Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recombinant Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 FimA alters immune response and metabolic gene expression in oral squamous carcinoma cells

The Gram‐negative anaerobic rod Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is regarded as a keystone pathogen in periodontitis and expresses a multitude of virulence factors iincluding fimbriae that are enabling adherence to and invasion in cells and tissues. The progression of periodontitis is a consequence of the interaction between the host immune response and periodontal pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the genome‐wide impact of recombinant fimbrial protein FimA from P. gingivalis W83 on the gene expression of oral squamous carcinoma cells by transcriptome analysis.
Coping with multiple sclerosis: reconciling significant aspects of health-related quality of life

ABSTRACT Multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms and unpredictability can damage patient well-being. This study is aimed to investigate the relation between sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and the use of coping strategies as well as social support on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We evaluated 314 MS outpatients of Virgen Macarena University Hospital in Sevilla/Spain (mean age 45 years, 67.8% women) twice over an 18-months period by Brief COPE Questionnaire (COPE-28), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). Female gender was significantly related to religion (r= 0.175, p< 0.001), self-distraction (r= 0.160, p< 0.001) and self-blame (r= 0.131, p< 0.05). Age correlated positively with religion (r= 0.240, p< 0.001), and self-blame (r= 0.123, p< 0.05). Progressive MS as well as functional impairment (EDSS) showed a positive relation with denial (r= 0.125, p< 0.05; r= 0.150, p< 0.001). Longer duration since diagnosis was related to lower perceived support from family (r= −0.123, p< 0.05). EDSS (β= −0.452, p< 0.001) was the strongest negative predictor of physical HRQOL followed by age (β= −0.123, p< 0.001), whereas family support was a protective factor (β= 0.096, p< 0.001). Denial (β= −0.132, p< 0.05), self-blame (β= −0.156, p< 0.05), female gender (β= −0.115, p< 0.05) and EDSS (β= −0.108, p< 0.05) negatively impacted on mental HRQOL 18 months later, whereas positive reframing (β= 0.142, p< 0.05) was a protective factor. Our study could identify sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with dysfunctional coping strategies, such as self-blame and denial, which specifically predict worse mental HRQOL as opposed to positive reframing. Diminishing dysfunctional coping and supporting cognitive reframing may contribute to improve HRQOL in MS.
Do emotion regulation strategies mediate the attachment–paranoia association? An experimental study of repeated attachment imagery priming and stress buffering

Abstract Objectives Paranoia describes unfounded interpersonal threat beliefs. Secure attachment imagery attenuates paranoia, but limited research examines mechanisms of change and no studies examine how secure imagery may be implemented most effectively in clinical practice. In this study, we tested: (a) the causal impact of secure, anxious, and avoidant attachment imagery on paranoia and anxiety, (b) whether emotion regulation strategies mediate these relationships, and (c) whether secure imagery buffers against social stress. Design We utilized a longitudinal, experimental design. Method A general population sample with high non‐clinical paranoia (N = 265) completed measures of paranoia, anxiety, and emotion regulation strategies. Participants were randomly allocated to secure, anxious, or avoidant conditions and repeated an imagery prime for four days prior to a social stress task. Results Relative to anxious and avoidant imagery, secure imagery decreased state paranoia and anxiety. These associations were not mediated by state emotion regulation strategies, and secure imagery did not buffer against stress. Exploratory analyses on trait variables revealed that: (a) hyperactivating strategies mediated the association between attachment anxiety and paranoia, and (b) suppression mediated the association between attachment avoidance and paranoia. Conclusions Secure attachment imagery reduces state paranoia and anxiety and could be incorporated into psychotherapies to attenuate clinical paranoia. Measurement of state emotion regulation was problematic. Attachment imagery does not buffer stress; further research is required to test whether secure imagery facilitates recovery from stress. Attachment style is likely to account for trait paranoia via attachment‐congruent emotion regulation strategies. Research is now needed to determine if these strategies can be targeted to alleviate paranoia in clinical populations.
Ground testing and flight demonstration of charge management of insulated test masses using UV-LED electron photoemission

The UV-LED mission demonstrates the precise control of the potential of electrically isolated test masses. Test mass charge control is essential for the operation of space accelerometers and drag-free sensors which are at the core of geodesy, aeronomy and precision navigation missions as well as gravitational wave experiments and observatories. Charge management using photoelectrons generated by the 254 nm UV line of Hg was first demonstrated on Gravity Probe B and is presently part of the LISA Pathfinder technology demonstration. The UV-LED mission and prior ground testing demonstrates that AlGaN UVLEDs operating at 255 nm are superior to Hg lamps because of their smaller size, lower power draw, higher dynamic range, and higher control authority. We show laboratory data demonstrating the effectiveness and survivability of the UV-LED devices and performance of the charge management system. We also show flight data from a small satellite experiment that was one of the payloads on KACST’s SaudiSat-4 mission that demonstrates ‘AC charge control’ (UV-LEDs and bias are AC modulated with adjustable relative phase) between a spherical test mass and its housing. The result of the mission brings the UV-LED device Technology Readiness Level (TRL) to TRL-9 and the charge management system to TRL-7. We demonstrate the ability to control the test mass potential on an 89 mm diameter spherical test mass over a 20 mm gap in a drag-free system configuration, with potential measured using an ultra-high impedance contact probe. Finally, the key electrical and optical characteristics of the UV-LEDs showed less than 7.5% change in performance after 12 months in orbit.
Youth on YouTube as Smart Swarms

chool-age youth are among the most prolific contributors to YouTube, not just as viewers but also as producers (Stangelove, 2010); according to YouTube, (2012) at the time of writing 72 hours of video were uploaded every single minute.1 This equates to about 100 years every single day. Yet YouTube is only one example2 of how youth are operating online to create what many call a participatory culture (Jenkins, Purushotma, Weigel, Clinton, & Robison, 2009), a remix culture (Lessig, 2008), or a mashup culture, in which youth, operating collectively, combine existing material to produce their own work (Sonvilla-Weiss, 2010). In collectively creating this culture, youth are employing what is variously called “distributed cognition” (Jenkins et al., 2009, p. 70), “collective intelligence” (Levy, 1997), “distributed creativity” (Bruns, 2010, p. 24), and “participatory creativity” (Vaden & Varto, 2010, p. 239). S Youth on YouTube as Smart Swarms Viewing YouTube culture as a creative, collaborative process similar to animal swarms can help art educators understand and embrace youth’s digital practices.
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Xenoreactivity to Swine Antigens in Human Naturally Developing Memory T Cell

Naturally developing xenospeciﬁc Abs are well-documented barriers to xenograft transplantation in humans, but whether analogous xenoreactive T cell immunity develops is not known. We used an enzyme-linked immunospot assay to determine the frequency and cytokine proﬁles of xenoreactive PBLs from a panel of human volunteers. Because naive T cells produce only IL-2 in short term culture, IFN- g production by this approach is a measure of a memory immune response. Stimulation of human PBLs or puriﬁed T lymphocytes with stimulator cells from inbred swine revealed a high frequency of IFN- g producers with 5-fold fewer IL-2 producers. In contrast, lymphocytes obtained from neonatal umbilical cord blood contained swine-speciﬁc IL-2 producers but few IFN- g producers, which is what one would expect to ﬁnd with a naive phenotype. Moreover, PBLs from adults with a history of abstention from pork consumption responded to swine cells with a signiﬁcantly lower frequency of IFN- g producers than PBLs from adults with unrestricted diets did, suggesting that pork consumption may result in priming of swine-speciﬁc T cell immunity. Our ﬁndings provide the ﬁrst evidence for naturally occurring xenospeciﬁc T cell immunity in humans. The detected strength of this memory response suggests that it will present a formidable barrier to transplantation of swine organs. The Journal of Immunology, 2000, 164: 2790–2796.
Regulatory T Cell + CD25+ Diminished CD4 Lowers IL-2 Signaling and Contributes to Variation IL2RA Type 1 Diabetes-Associated

Numerous reports have demonstrated that CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) from individuals with a range of human autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes, are deﬁcient in their ability to control autologous proinﬂammatory responses when compared with nondiseased, control individuals. Treg dysfunction could be a primary, causal event or may result from perturbations in the immune system during disease development. Polymorphisms in genes associated with Treg function, such as IL2RA , confer a higher risk of autoimmune disease. Although this suggests a primary role for defective Tregs in autoimmunity, a link between IL2RA gene polymorphisms and Treg function has not been examined. We addressed this by examining the impact of an IL2RA haplotype associated with type 1 diabetes on Treg ﬁtness and suppressive function. Studies were conducted using healthy human subjects to avoid any confounding effects of disease. We demonstrated that the presence of an autoimmune disease-associated IL2RA haplotype correlates with diminished IL-2 responsiveness in Ag-experienced CD4 + T cells, as measured by phosphorylation of STAT5a, and is associated with lower levels of FOXP3 expression by Tregs and a reduction in their ability to suppress proliferation of autologous effector T cells. These data offer a rationale that contributes to the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which polymorphisms in the IL-2RA gene affect immune regulation, and consequently upon susceptibility to autoimmune and inﬂammatory diseases. The Journal of Immunology , 2012, 188: 4644–4653.
Reply to Wang et al., “Assessment of the Abundance and Potential Function of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Circular E7 RNA”

three with our published (2): (i) the circular E7 (circE7) abundance relative to the E6 * I level and its identity by Northern blotting, (ii) the nuclear versus cytoplasmic distribution of E6 * I (linear E7) RNA, and (iii) RNA interference (RNAi) off-target effects on E6 * I and translation potentials of circE7. Because the spliced E6 * I RNA functions as an E7 mRNA for the translation of the viral oncoprotein E7, our observation concerns the reported biological activity of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) circE7 and the statement in discussion that “ other linear isoforms encoding E7 (e.g., E6 * I) do not fully support E7 oncoprotein translation, despite the fact that such linear transcripts are present even after circE7 knockdown ” (3). We are happy to provide further evidence in this reply.
Pandemic pedagogies: the impact of ERT on part-time learners in Ireland

ABSTRACT A wide range of literature has already emerged which assesses the sudden closure of Higher Education Institutions during the Covid 19 pandemic in 2020, when many academic institutions turned to ERT (emergency remote teaching) in order to maintain teaching and learning. The Faculty of Lifelong Learning at Institute of Technology Carlow, Ireland, one of the largest providers of part-time learning in the Irish sector, undertook a study of its learners in January 2021, to ascertain their experiences of the online pivot. This article takes a qualitative approach to the findings of this study and it highlights the importance of acknowledging the lived experiences of our learners. We acknowledge that it is necessary to engage with our learners’ opinions on the challenges and affordances of online and remote learning, and that the experiences of our learners are key to the future of our faculty and to part-time learning in Ireland. We focus on the normative expectations of learners, and their experiences of learning in the remote context, using a self-selected sample where N = 401 learners.
The relationship between narrative microstructure and macrostructure: Differences between six- and eight-year-olds

Abstract The current study aimed to investigate age-related differences in narrative abilities at the macrostructural and microstructural levels and to examine which microstructural aspects explain narrative macrostructure at ages six and eight. Oral narratives were elicited from 89 Croatian monolingual children using the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN). At the microstructural level, the measure of lexical diversity D, clausal density, and mean length of clause were assessed. Macrostructure was assessed using the standardized MAIN scoring procedure. We found differences between the two age groups in lexical diversity, clausal density, and macrostructure, with eight-year-olds scoring higher on all measures. Variance in the macrostructure was explained to a significant extent by lexical diversity in the case of six-year-olds, and by both lexical diversity and clausal density in the case of eight-year-olds. Our results suggest that six-year-olds rely mostly on lexical abilities when telling a story, while eight-year-olds also draw on syntactic abilities.
Improvement of Steerability and Driving Safety of an Electric Three-Wheeled Vehicle by a Design Modification of its Steering Mechanism

Abstract Three-wheeled vehicles are transport means which generally combine properties of two-wheeled vehicles (principal motorcycles) and four-wheeled vehicles (standards cars). Three-wheeled vehicles have been designed and manufactured as units which are made up of one front wheel and two rear wheels, powered by an electric drive-train, and referred to in some countries under a non-English term as E-3kolka. These vehicles also comprise a special steering mechanism which improves their overturning stability when driving around curves. However, several tests have revealed certain deficiencies of the steering mechanism, where the main issue included unreliable self-restraining effect of steering wheel straightening after driving around a curve. This may even lead to unacceptable properties of the vehicle. Therefore, the authors of this paper suggest particular technical solutions to eliminate or completely avoid the described negative effects during driving. Proposed designs are mutually compared and a final decision is presented.
Policing Disasters: The Role of Police in the Pre-Disaster Planning and Post-Disaster Responses

Purpose – This chapter provides an overview to the challenges of policing both natural and man-made disasters. Questions surrounding police preparedness to respond to large-scale disasters as well as the causes of failure are likely one of the single biggest system threats faced by police today. Design/methodology/approach – The chapter starts out with a short discussion about the important impact the 9/11 attacks as well as both Hurricanes Katrina and Rita had on policing in the United States. The materials presented also provide a conceptual framework for understanding the meaning of “disasters,” as well as making sense of the effectiveness of the police response. Finally, this chapter provides an overview of the role of police in disasters, and more importantly, their role in “creating order out of chaos” (Punch & Markham, 2000). Findings – After more than 10 years of substantial attention to problems associated with responses to natural and man-made disasters, significant barriers remain in the level of communication and coordination among first responders. These barriers are best understood as cultural and not technical in nature. Originality/value of paper – The conceptual role of police in both pre-disaster planning and post-disaster responses has been largely ignored in the literature. This chapter provides a strong framework for conceptualizing these roles. We argue that police, as core members of the first responder system, must continue to break down cultural barriers that diminish their capacities to effectively serve communities in the wake of disasters.
Arabic Fake News Detection: A Fact Checking Based Deep Learning Approach

Fake news stories can polarize society, particularly during political events. They undermine confidence in the media in general. Current NLP systems are still lacking the ability to properly interpret and classify Arabic fake news. Given the high stakes involved, determining truth in social media has recently become an emerging research that is attracting tremendous attention. Our literature review indicates that applying the state-of-the-art approaches on news content address some challenges in detecting fake news’ characteristics, which needs auxiliary information to make a clear determination. Moreover, the ‘Social-context-based’ and ‘propagation-based’ approaches can be either an alternative or complementary strategy to content-based approaches. The main goal of our research is to develop a model capable of automatically detecting truth given an Arabic news or claim. In particular, we propose a deep neural network approach that can classify fake and real news claims by exploiting ‘Convolutional Neuron Networks’. Our approach attempts to solve the problem from the fact checking perspective, where the fact-checking task involves predicting whether a given news text claim is factually authentic or fake. We opt to use an Arabic balanced corpus to build our model because it unifies stance detection, stance rationale, relevant document retrieval and fact-checking. The model is trained on different well selected attributes. An extensive evaluation has been conducted to demonstrate the ability of the fact-checking task in detecting the Arabic fake news. Our model outperforms the performance of the state-of-the-art approaches when applied to the same Arabic dataset with the highest accuracy of 91%.
Computationally efficient mechanism discovery for cell invasion with uncertainty quantification

Parameter estimation for mathematical models of biological processes is often difficult and depends significantly on the quality and quantity of available data. We introduce an efficient frame-work using Gaussian processes to discover mechanisms underlying delay, migration, and proliferation in a cell invasion experiment. Gaussian processes are leveraged with bootstrapping to provide uncertainty quantification for the mechanisms that drive the invasion process. Our frame-work is efficient, parallelisable, and can be applied to other biological problems. We illustrate our methods using a canonical scratch assay experiment, demonstrating how simply we can explore different functional forms and develop and test hypotheses about underlying mechanisms, such as whether delay is present. All code and data to reproduce this work are available at https://github.com/DanielVandH/EquationLearning.jl. 1 Author summary In this work we introduce uncertainty quantification into equation learning methods, such as physics-informed and biologically-informed neural networks. Our framework is computationally efficient and applicable to problems with unknown nonlinear mechanisms that we wish to learn from experiments where only sparse noisy data are available. We demonstrate our methods on a canonical scratch assay experiment from cell biology and show the underlying mechanisms can be learned, providing confidence intervals for functional forms and for solutions to partial differential equation models believed to describe the experiment.
Transnational non-invasive monitoring and spatial capture-recapture models 1 reveal strong effects of humans on connectivity for the Pyrenean brown bear 2

Connectivity is a key driver of the 23 and has to be evaluated in management plans. In practice, connectivity is difficult to quantify especially for rare and elusive species. Here, we use spatial capture-recapture 25 (SCR) models with an ecological detection distance to identify barriers to movement. We focused on the transnational critically endangered Pyrenean brown bear ( Ursus 27 arctos ) population, which is distributed over Spain, France and Andorra and is divided 28 into two main cores areas following translocations. We integrate structured monitoring 29 from camera traps and hair snags with opportunistic data gathered after depredation 30 events. While structured monitoring focuses on areas of regular bear presence, the 31 integration of opportunistic data allows us to obtain information in areas where the 32 species is absent, which is especially important for ecological inference. By estimating 33 a resistance parameter from encounter data, we show that the road network impedes 34 movements. In areas with high road length (6.70 km/km 2 ), the home range size of 35 brown bears is reduced up to two-fold compared to areas with low road length (0.93 36 km/km 2 ). Overall, the connectivity between the two cores areas is limited, as well as 37 the expansion of the population to the west. When assessing connectivity, spatial 38 capture-recapture modeling offers an alternative to the use of experts’ opinion when 39 telemetry data are not available.
Paths to adaptation under fluctuating nitrogen starvation: The spectrum of adaptive mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is shaped by retrotransposons and microhomology-mediated recombination

There are many mechanisms that give rise to genomic change: while point mutations are often emphasized in genomic analyses, evolution acts upon many other types of genetic changes that can result in less subtle perturbations. Changes in chromosome structure, DNA copy number, and novel transposon insertions all create large genomic changes, which can have correspondingly large impacts on phenotypes and fitness. In this study we investigate the spectrum of adaptive mutations that arise in a population under consistently fluctuating nitrogen conditions. We specifically contrast these adaptive alleles and the mutational mechanisms that create them, with mechanisms of adaptation under batch glucose limitation and constant selection in low, non-fluctuating nitrogen conditions. We observe that retrotransposon activity accounts for a substantial number of adaptive events, along with microhomology-mediated mechanisms of insertion, deletion, and gene conversion. In addition to loss of function alleles, which are often exploited in genetic screens, we identify adaptive gain of function alleles and alleles acting through as-of-yet unclear mechanisms. Taken together, our findings emphasize that how selection (fluctuating vs. non-fluctuating) is applied also shapes adaptation, just as the selective pressure (nitrogen vs. glucose) does itself. Fluctuating environments can activate different mutational mechanisms, shaping adaptive events accordingly. Experimental evolution, which allows a wider array of adaptive events to be assessed, is thus a complementary approach to both classical genetic screens and natural variation studies to characterize the genotype-to-phenotype-to-fitness map.