Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Iguanodontian taxa (dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the lower Cretaceous of England and Belgium

This review summarizes current understanding of the history, anatomy, and taxonomy of British and Belgian iguanodontian dinosaurs. The earliest iguanodontian from this circumscribed region is Berriasian in age and represented by a well-preserved but crushed dentary with many teeth in situ; originally named Iguanodon hoggii Owen, 1874, this specimen has been studied and reassessed several times, and decisions concerning its taxonomic status and systematic position have proved to be consistently inconclusive. I. hoggii has recently been renamed Owenodon hoggii; however, the diagnostic anatomical characters that form the foundation for this new name are few and not taxonomically or systematically robust. It is considered appropriate to regard this undoubtedly important taxonomic entity as indicative of a basal (ankylopollexian) iguanodontian and to encourage new exploration for additional skeletal remains from Berriasian-aged deposits in England. Wealden iguanodontian taxonomy in England has also begun to be scrutinized more thoroughly. Difficulties encountered when trying to diagnose the original (Valanginian) type genus (Iguanodon Mantell, 1825) and species (Iguanodon anglicus Holl, 1829) created problems that were resolved using a rather unfortunate workaround that involved the use of a Barremian-Lower Aptian species: I. bernissartensis Boulenger in Van Beneden 1881. With regard to remains collected from numerous Wealden localities in southern England, it was recognized that known iguanodontians can be subdivided into anatomically and chronologically distinct groupings: an earlier (Valanginian) \"fauna\" represented by Barilium dawsoni (Lydekker, 1888) and Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889), and a later (Barremian-Lower Aptian) \"fauna\" comprising Iguanodon bernissartensis Boulenger in Van Beneden, 1881, and Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis (Hooley, 1925). The Belgian locality at Bernissart, assigned to the Sainte-Barbe Clays Formation (late Barremian-Lower Aptian) has yielded two taxa that have been recognized as anatomically similar to those identified in the contemporaneous Wealden deposits of southern England (the Weald Clay Group of the Wealden District and the Wealden Group of the Isle of Wight). Recent suggestions that further taxa can be diagnosed within the English and Belgian Wealden sequences are assessed (and rejected) on the basis of the evidence presented. © 2012 by Indiana University Press. All rights reserved.
Metabolic state along a summer north- south transect near the Antarctic Peninsula: a size spectra approach

This work was supported by project COUPLING CTM2008-06343-C02-02/ANT from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education. C.G-M. 's work was supported by a pre-doctoral fellowship from the Spanish Council for Research (CSIC), JAE-Predoc 2009.
Prediction of biodiversity - regression of lichen species richness on remote sensing data

The objective of the present study was to develop a model to predict lichen species richness for six test sites in the Swiss Pre-Alps following a gradient of land use intensity combining airborne remote sensing data and regression models. This study ties in with the European Union Project BioAssess which aimed at quantifying patterns in biodiversity and developing "Biodiversity Assessment Tools" that can be used to rapidly assess biodiversity. For this study, lichen surveys were performed on a circular area of 1 ha in 96 sampling plots in the six test sites. Lichen releves were made on three different substrates: trees, rocks and soil. In the first step, ecologically meaningful variables derived from airborne remote sensing data were calculated using two levels of detail. 1 st level variables were processed using both spatial and spectral information of the CIR orthoimages. 2 nd level variables - based on 1 st level variables - were implemented using additional lichen expert knowledge. In the second step, all variables were calculated for each sampling plot and correlated with the different lichen releves. Multiple linear regression models were built, containing all extracted variables, and a stepwise variable selection was applied to optimize the final models. The predictive power of the models (correlation between predicted and measured diversity) in a reference data set can be regarded as good. The obtained r ranging from 0.48 for lichens on soil to 0.79 for lichens on trees can be regarded as satisfactory to good, respectively. The accuracy of models could be further improved by adapting the model and by using additional calibration data and sampling plots. Species richness for each pixel within the six test sites was then calculated. This ecological modeling approach also reveals two main restrictions: 1) this method only indicates the potential presence or absence of species, and 2) the models may only be useful for calculating species richness in neighboring regions with similar landscape structures.
Mating behaviour clarifies the taxonomy of slug species defined by genital anatomy: the Deroceras rodnae complex in the Sächsische Schweiz and elsewhere

> Abstract Collections of Deroceras from the uplands south of Dresden (along the Czech-German border) revealed two similar species differing in mating behaviour. The ranges interdigitate, but the species never occurred together. Species A has a wide sarco- belum held leftwards over its head and the everted penes are fully visible from above. It most resembles Deroceras praecox, occurring 100 km further east, whose anatomy and courtship behaviour are nevertheless consistently distinct; if these are different species, species A appears endemic to the Sachsische Schweiz. In species B, courtship and copulation take longer. Its sarcobelum is narrower, with a much enlarged base, and is directed forward or to the right. Most distinct is that the penes evert downwards and coil round each other for an additional revolution; their eversion is hidden from above except for the hand-like penial gland. This species is conspecifi c with Swiss, German and Austrian populations of Deroceras rodnae, but distinct from eastern populations, which more closely resemble D. praecox and species A. Unpublished molecular analyses support this division. Nevertheless, identifying non-mating animals by genital anatomy can be diffi cult: the base of the sarcobelum provides the best character. Western populations of D. rodnae should be termed Deroceras juranum Wuthrich, 1993.
Phylogenetics of Sabiaceae with Emphasis on Meliosma Based on Nuclear and Chloroplast Data

Abstract Sabiaceae include over 120 species of mostly trees and shrubs found in moist forests of the Neotropics and Southeast Asia. The family includes three genera, Meliosma, Ophiocaryon, and Sabia, the first being the most species-rich and the only one found at the present time throughout the entire disjunct distribution range displayed by the family. Sabiaceae resolves among early-diverging eudicots in familylevel phylogenetic studies, however, to date, no such studies have focused on the family or any of its members. Nuclear and chloroplast molecular data were used to infer phylogenetic relationships within Sabiaceae and among species of Meliosma. Sabia occupies an early diverging position in Sabiaceae and Ophiocaryon is nested within Meliosma, although monophyly of the latter cannot be rejected. Results show that Meliosma alba, found in China and Mexico, is monophyletic. The infrageneric classification of Meliosma, largely based on endocarp morphological characters, is evaluated in light of these results. Findings suggest that the intricate floral morphology of Meliosma is derived within Sabiaceae and that the basic floral plan in the family is pentamerous. Results could support the transfer of Meliosma alba to a new genus if confirmed by future research.
Estrogen replacement is protective to the effect of in vitro hypoxia on female rabbit bladder and pelvic floor contractile response

Purpose To explore the effect of estrogen replacement on pelvic floor and bladder contractile response to electrical field stimulation, following in vitro hypoxia in an animal model of surgical menopause. Materials and Methods Twelve female adult rabbits were divided into three groups: control, ovariectomy, and ovariectomy with estradiol replacement. At 4 weeks animals were euthanized. Bladder, coccygeus, and pubococcygeus were isolated. Tissues were equilibrated with oxygenated Tyrodes containing glucose and stimulated with electrical field stimulation. Tissues were then stimulated under hypoxic conditions for 1 hour using nitrogenated Tyrodes without glucose. Tissues were then re-oxygenated for 2 hours and stimulated. Results Pelvic floor required 10 times the stimulation duration (power) to achieve maximum contraction at 2 g baseline tension (10 ms duration) when compared to bladder (1 ms duration). Maximal tension generated was significantly greater for bladder than pelvic floor. Coccygeus and pubococcygeus were significantly less sensitive to the effects of hypoxia and had stable contractile response to field stimulation throughout the hour of hypoxia. Hypoxia resulted in progressive and rapid decline of bladder contractile strength. Following hypoxia, pelvic floor contractile recovery was superior to bladder. Improvement in the contractile response of both bladder and pelvic floor, during the period of post-hypoxia re-oxygenation, was significantly greater in ovariectomy animals treated with estradiol replacement. Conclusions Replacement of estradiol at time of ovariectomy reduced oxidative stress on tissue and was protective to the effects of hypoxia on pelvic floor and bladder contractile function.
Some bacteriological and serological studies on enteritis in ducks.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa 19(15.8%), Strept. faecalis 11 (.9.2%), Staph.aureus 8(6.7%), B-haemolytic streptococci 5(4.2%) and Salmonella spp . 4(3.3%). Serological identification of the isolated strains of E.coli from diarrhoeic duck showed that they belonged to 5 different "O" serogroups which were 26, 78, 86, 125, 157 and 21 strains of E.coli were serological untyped. Meanwhile, serotyping of the isolated strains of Salmonellae yielded 3 different serovars including S.typhimurium , S.derby and S.enteritidis. The antibiogram study done on all the isolated pathogens revealed that all strains were sensitive to Enerofloxacin and Gentamycin. All the isolated E.coli strains from the examined samples were enterotoxigenic produce heat labile enterotoxin.
Effectiveness of Information Education and Communication on Menstrual Hygiene among Adolescent School Girls of Jumla District

Background: Menstruation and menstrual practices are darkened by taboos and different societal as well as cultural restrictions, which results in lack of adequate knowledge in adolescents regarding the scientific facts of menstruation as well as healthy menstrual hygiene practices. The objective of the study was to find out the effectiveness of information, education and communication (IEC) on menstrual hygiene among adolescents of Jumla district. Materials and Methods: Quasi-experimental research design was used for the study. The samples were taken from government school, Shree Janta Secondary Technical school of Chandannath municipality of Jumla District. A total of 112 adolescents girls studying in class 9 and class 10 were selected by using non probability total enumerative sampling technique. Data was collected by using self administered questionnaire. Data analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The study revealed that 8.9% of respondents had high knowledge during pre test which was significantly increased to 60.7% during post test and 27.7% of respondents had good practice during pre test which was significantly increased to 51.8% during post test. Conclusion: The present study concluded that adolescents lacked appropriate knowledge and practices about menstruation in the pre test which significantly increased in post test. Thus, structured health education program can significantly bring positive change in healthy menstrual hygiene practices.
The influence of body weight on carcass and carcass part yields, and some meat quality traits in fast- and slow-growing broiler chickens.

This study aimed to compare the carcass and meat quality of fastand slow-growing (FG and SG) broiler chicken genotypes in different slaughter weight as 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 kg [light (L), medium (M), and heavy (H), resp. ]. Totally 460 chicks from genotypes were raised, and 30 chicks (15 female, 15 male) from each genotype slaughtered when they reached each slaughter weight category (in total, 180 chicks). Carcass and part yields, and breast meat pHU, in addition color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) of breast skin and also meat were determined.As a result of, SGs reached the L, M, and H weight 20-24 days later. The slaughter weight increase, carcass and fat pad yields increase but wing and giblets yields decreased. In all weight categories, higher carcass and breast, but lower wing and fat pad yields were determined for FGs. H group showed higher L* and a* values than L one for skin, and FGs’ skin had higher a*. Nevertheless all pHU and breast meat L* values were accepted “normal”, the breast meat of SGs seems to be having lower meat quality because of slightly higher L* and lower pHU. We can conclude that, SG broilers have also some disadvantages for carcass and meat qualities, even they compared with FGs slaughtered in same slaughter weights. However, SGs’ breast meat may be more attractive for consumer because of their reddish and yellowness (higher a* and b*) appearance.
Role of Otoacoustic Emissions and Auditory Brainstem Response for Early Detection of Hearing Loss in Children 0-3 Months of Age

Background: Hearing impairment has a huge adverse impact on the normal developmental outcome of an individual. The various newborn period risk factors may escalate hearing loss. Early detection of hearing impairment has been made possible with the use of universal tools like OAE (Otoacoustic emission) and ABR (Auditory brainstem response) and has resulted in the general awareness and timely intervention. This study highlights the use of OAE and ABR for early detection of hearing loss in children 0-3 months along with the associated risk factors taken into consideration. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted in Maharishi Markandeshwar medical college and hospital over a period of 12 months and included 1680 newborns who were subjected to two staged OAE examination( pre discharge and at 6 weeks) followed by ABR examination done over a period of 3 months. The various risk factors were also evaluated. Results: A total of 1680 newborns underwent pre discharge first OAE examination, 146(8.7%) failed. A total of 141 underwent the repeat OAE examination at 6 weeks and 23(16.3%) failed. ABR examination of 20 children resulted in failure in 3(15%) culminating in overall prevalence of hearing impairment of 1.79 per 1000 population. The prevalence of various risk factors taken into consideration was 23%. Conclusion: The two staged sequential OAE assessment followed by ABR examination has an important role for the early detection of hearing impairment and consequent improvement in the quality of life. This should be adopted by all the newborn care providers as a part of their routine examination of the newborns.
The Effect of Oxytetracycline on Non-Specific Immune Response in Sea Bream (Sparus aurata L. 1758)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of orally administered oxytetracycline HCl (OTC) of 75 mg/kg body weight for 10 days on the immune response in sea bream (Sparus aurata L. 1758) using the nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test and erythrocyte and leucocyte counts. Administration of 75 mg/kg OTC for 10 days enhanced the non-specific immune response, and increased NBT (+) cell, total erythrocyte and leucocyte numbers in sea bream at 23 - 1 …C. The effect of OTC on the immune system lasted around 21 days after ceasing the administration and the parameters evaluated then returned to normal levels.
Self-incompatibility and Time of Stigma Receptivity in Two Species of Hydrangea

The objectives of this study were to evaluate self-incompatibility in Hydrangea paniculata Sieb. and H. quercifolia Bartr. and to determine optimum time for pollina- tion of these two species. Flowers from three genotypes of each species were collected 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours after cross- and self-pollination, stained with aniline blue and observed using a fluorescence microscope. In both species, pollen germination was observed on stigmas of over half of the flowers collected 4 to 72 hours after cross- or self-pollination. Differences in pollen tube length between cross- and self-pollinated flow- ers were noted from 8 to 72 hours after pollination in H. paniculata and from 24 to 72 hours after pollination in H. quercifolia. By 72 hours after pollination, most self-pollen tubes had only penetrated the top third of the style but cross-pollen tubes had grown to the base of the style and entered 40% to 60% of the ovules. Stigmas of H. paniculata were receptive to pollen from anthesis to 5 days after anthesis, while stigmas of H. quercifolia were receptive from 1 to 5 days after anthesis. This study provides evidence of a gametophytic self-incompatibility system in H. paniculata and H. quercifolia. Oc- casional self-seed set previously observed in these species was theorized to have been due to pseudo-self compatibility.
Developmental Stages and Growth Rate of the Mole Talpa occidentalis (Insectivora, Mammalia)

Abstract Moles are the only fertile true hermaphrodites described up to now among mammals. This paper investigates the development and growth of the mole Talpa occidentalis. Fifteen developmental stages (8 prenatal and 7 postnatal) were established and 12 of them, ranging from early gestation to weaning, are described in detail. The growth of moles was shown to fit triphasic curves for both males and females. The coefficient of reproductive effort of females, defined as mass of the litter at weaning relative to maternal body mass, is inversely proportional to mass of the female, according to an exponential function. Compared with other insectivores with lower body mass (shrews), this coefficient in female moles (2.69) is significantly higher than expected (1.91), which implies that reproductive effort of moles is 36% greater. This study provides the chronological criteria (based on body mass, crown–rump length, and major external morphological features) needed for age determination of individual developing moles and thus represents a useful tool for further studies in these mammals.
Eurytoma caninae sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae), a common species previously overlooked with E. rosae

We describe a new species, Eurytoma caninae (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) from specimens collected in Morocco, France and Iran. The species emerges from galls of Diplolepis spp. (Cynipidae) on Rosa spp. (Rosaceae). It is common and widespread in the West Palearctic Region. It is closely related but morphologically differentiated from Eurytoma rosae Nees. To substantiate our morphological observations, two genes [cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2)] of several individuals per population were sequenced. Both analyses clearly led to the conclusion that E. caninae and E. rosae are two well-differentiated and previously overlooked species. Morphological diagnostic characters are given to identify both species.
Genetic Divergence for Yield and its Component Traits in Groundnut Germplasm

Eighty-one genotypes of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) representing different groundnut centres were studied for genetic divergence analysis utilizing Mahalanobis D2 analysis. Based on the genetic distance (D2 value) groundnut accessions were grouped into 16 clusters. Of the 16 clusters formed, cluster I was the largest with 47 accessions followed by cluster II with 10 accessions. Test weight, days to maturity and oil content were the most potential traits contributing to the total divergence. Cluster Xl and XVI had maximum inter-cluster distance suggesting wide diversity and by utilizing these accessions from these clusters desirable segregants may be evolved through hybridization. Cluster XII has genotype with most favorable characters and hence can be involved as potential parent for development of superior genotypes.
A new species of Anastatus (Hymenoptera: Eulpelmidae) from China, parasitizing eggs of Lycorma delicatula (Homoptera: Fulgoridae)

A new species of Anastatus Motschulsky, 1859 (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), A. orientalis Yang & Choi,sp. nov. is described from China. It is a solitary endo-parasitoid in egg of the spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White) (Homoptera: Fulgoridae), which causes damages to many ornamental and fruit trees in China. The brief biology of the new parasitoid is also mentioned. The new species has high potential as a biocontrol agent for suppression of the pest because of its parasitism rates of egg masses 30.4% and of eggs 40.2% respectively with sex ratio of female to male 1.9:1.0, as well as the relative easiness for mass rearing. The detailed feature characters and photos of the new species are supplied. Meanwhile, a key to distinguish the present new species from the other close two (A. japonicus and A. bifasciatus) in the genus is provided. Type specimens are deposited in the Insect Museum, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.
Agricultural Households’ Food Demand: Evidence from Indonesia

This study analyzes the consumption patterns of agricultural households in Indonesia using the 2013 first quarter data of the Indonesian National Socioeconomic Survey (Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional [Susenas]) and the quadratic almost ideal demand system (QUAIDS) approach. Indonesian households’ food expenditure is mostly on rice, vegetables, and fish. Rice expenditure is a top priority particularly in agricultural household spending in Indonesia. Agricultural households consume more calories and carbohydrates, but less protein and fat, than nonagricultural households do. The expenditure elasticities of agricultural and nonagricultural households are significantly different only in the following commodities: milk, other foods, meat, fruits, and rice. The differences in the price elasticities of the two household groups are found in non-rice staple, other foods, rice, and milk. The expenditure elasticity of nutrients of agricultural households tend to be higher.