Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polarização, Hiperpartidarismo e Câmaras de Eco: Como circula a Desinformação sobre Covid-19 no Twitter

Neste artigo, analisamos a circulação de links desinformativos sobre a pandemia de Covid-19 no Twitter, a partir de um conjunto de 159.560 links coletados da API do Twitter entre os meses de março e julho de 2020. Através de um mapeamento da rede e da observação da vizinhança dos links e dos links mais compartilhados, observamos uma polarização e redução da circulação dos links de acordo com seu sentido (pró-hidroxicloroquina ou anti-hidroxicloroquina). Os resultados também apontam para uma maior atividade na divulgação de links pró-hidroxicloroquina, grupo onde também circula a maior quantidade de desinformação e de veículos hiperpartidários. Do mesmo modo, a circulação de veículos de mídia tradicional e institucionais é bastante reduzida neste grupo, fortalecendo a associação entre mídia hiperpartidária e desinformação.
Attitudes, Perceptions, and On-Farm Self-Reported Practices of Shrimp Farmers’ towards Adoption of Good Aquaculture Practices (GAP) in Thailand

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the perceptions and attitudes relating to Good Aquaculture Practices (GAP) in compliance held by a subgroup of Thai GAP certified shrimp farmers based on a structured questionnaire and in-depth interviews. Different levels of farmers’ experiences with the method of farming resulted in significant differences in perspective and attitude in some domains studied, especially environmental sustainability and constraints to GAP production. Moreover, all farmers were willing to adopt GAP in order to create a safer certified farm, including reducing chemical use and reporting outbreaks of disease. Their main concerns surrounded the expenses required to change practices and farm safety certification to the shrimp farmers improvement, market volatility, and price fluctuations. It was evident that the important issues remain regarding GAP cost. The outcomes of this study will help farmers to understand the requirements towards safer and sustainable production and support policy developers in development of policies, strategies, and programs to encourage participation in GAP certification.
High-Pressure Air Injection for Improved Oil Recovery: Low-Temperature Oxidation Models and Thermal Effect

High-pressure air injection into light oil reservoirs is an effective technique for improved oil recovery (IOR), and this technique mainly depends upon a spontaneous low-temperature oxidation (LTO), which occurs at original reservoir temperatures. During the LTO process of air injection, oxygen in the injected air is consumed and carbon dioxide can be produced in the reservoir, leading to flue gas flooding and producing a significant amount of heat. In this paper, the mechanisms of the LTO reaction are analyzed and an improved LTO reaction model is established to facilitate reaction mechanism and reservoir simulation studies. A series of high-pressure LTO experiments using typical light oils were carried out in a temperature range from 70 to 170 °C to measure the reaction rates and to reveal the exothermic behavior of the LTO reactions. Heat-transfer analysis in the experimental process was conducted to examine the exothermic characteristics of the reaction using different reactors and at various experime.
Influence of gendered roles on legume utilization and improved child dietary intake in Malawi

The relationship between gender roles, legume production, utilization and child feeding practices in rural smallholder households of Dedza and Ntcheu districts in Malawi was investigated and analyzed. A cross-sectional research study was conducted with legume farming households with children aged 6-23 months who were part of the Africa RISING ‘mother trial’ or ‘baby trials’ for two farming seasons (2014/2015 to 2015/2016). Africa RISING project encourages smallholder farmers to grow legumes namely,groundnut (Arachis hypogaea),cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)and soya bean (Glycin max) as one way of improving the wellbeing of smallholder farmers. The key objective of the research was to assess the influence of gender roles,legume production, utilization and infant and young child dietary intake.In total, 291 households with children 6-23 months were targeted. Eight focus group discussions (FDGs) for in-depth qualitative data were conducted. Two 24-hour dietary recalls and food frequency questionnaires were used to collect data on infant and young child feeding (IYCF)practices. Data collected were extracted, arranged, recorded and analyzed by using SPSS version 21. About 18% of children aged 6-23 months received a minimum dietary diversity(the consumption of four or more food groups from the seven food groups), 2.5% received a minimum acceptable diet(indicator measures both the minimum feeding frequency and minimum dietary diversity, as appropriate for various age groups)and 37.5% of children received a minimum meal frequency(frequency of receiving solid, semi-solid, or soft foods at the minimum numbers of two and three times for children aged 6–8 months, and 9–23 months,respectively). Control on use of income by women had a positive and significant association with minimum dietary diversity (P<0.05), minimum meal frequency (P<0.05) and minimum acceptable diets (P<0.05) among children of both sexes. Children aged 6-23 months from households where women were actively involved in partial processing and budgeting of legumes met minimum dietary diversity than children from non-participating households. Women farmers were more knowledgeable about legumes; played an important role in seed selection, storage and processing; however, the findings signal an opportunity to increase women’s income by involving them in market information. Increasing legume production at household level does not mean increasing the nutritional status among children (6-23 months). Several factors related to gender roles, markets accessibility and legume utilization have an effect on infantand young child feeding practices.
American Scientists’ Willingness to Use Different Communication Tactics

The careful choice of tactics—such as specific messages, styles, channels, or sources—is how strategic science communicators ensure that the time and money going into communication results in intended changes to chosen audiences’ beliefs, feelings, and frames, as well as associated behaviors. Using a sample of scientists from American research universities (N = 516), we assess scientists’ willingness to use 11 different communication tactics and the relationship between these tactics and potential predictors. We find that scientists are open to a range of communication tactics. Practical and theoretical implications for science communication are discussed.
Impact of Intercropping of Different Crops with Two Faba Bean Cultivars on Infestation with Broomrape 

Background: Broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) is a major biotic stress of faba bean and affects the yield adversely. The impact of intercropping to curb the spread and progress of parasite was tested by using two faba bean cultivars under heavily soil infested conditions of broomrape. The present study was aimed to evaluate intercropping of fenugreek, flax, garlic or radish with two faba bean cultivars on broomrape incidence to increase faba bean yield, land usage and economic return in heavy soil infestation of broomrape.Methods: During winter seasons of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019, the treatments were the combinations of two faba bean cultivars (Nubaria 1 and Nubaria 2) and four intercrops (fenugreek, flax, garlic and radish), as well as sole plantings of all the tested crops under heavily infestation of broomrape were tested in field conditions. A split-plot design with three replicates was used. Faba bean cultivars were assigned in the main plots and intercropping and sole plantings of faba bean were arranged in sub plots. Result: Results showed that Nubaria 2 had two mechanisms to broomrape offensive, mainly including cell wall build-up and stamping of vascular tissues. It also had higher soil oxalic and ascorbic acid concentrations than Nubaria 1. Sole Nubaria 1 rhizosphere had higher soil formic acid whereas, fenugreek + Nubaria 2 had higher soil oxalic, ascorbic and salicylic acids concentrations in faba bean rhizosphere. Lower number of spikes per m2 and their dry weight per m2 were obtained by radish + Nubaria 2 followed by flax + Nubaria 2. Radish + Nubaria 2 recorded higher land equivalent ratio and economic return followed by flax + Nubaria 2. Growing one row of radish or flax between two rows of Nubaria 2 in ridges 60 cm width could be an integrated control strategy to increase faba bean productivity, land usage and economic return under heavily soil infested with broomrape.
Characterization of the Cultivation Region of Ethiopian Coffee by Elemental Analysis

ABSTRACT Forty-nine green coffee (Coffea arabica L.) bean samples, representing the Harar, Jimma, Kaffa, Wollega, Sidama, and Yirgachefe varieties from east, west, and south Ethiopia were analyzed for Mg, P, S, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Ba, Si, and K using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. Principal component analysis was used to group the samples based on their elemental compositions. Application of linear discriminant analysis provided models with an accuracy of 92% for region of production and 79% for variety. The elements P, Mn, S, Cu, and Fe were the most discriminating elements. These results show that initial screening may be performed to characterize possible fraudulently labelled products with verification by the existing paper-based traceability system and sensory evaluation.
The removal of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol ester and glycidyl ester from refined-bleached and deodorized palm oil using activated carbon

Palm oil has fulfilled most of the oil needs in the food sector in the world. However, palm oil is indicated to contain small amounts of compounds that are harmful to humans, especially to infants. These toxic contaminants are 3-monochloropropanediol (3-MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters (GE), which are formed during the deodorization of palm oil at high temperatures. This study aims to reduce the 3-MCPD ester concentration in refined, bleached, and deodorized palm oil (RBDPO) through adsorption using activated carbon. The activated carbons were treated with heat and acid-washing using HCl at various concentrations and were characterized. The treatment altered the physicochemical characteristics of the activated carbon (surface area, pore volume, pHPZC, and CEC), resulting in the enhancement of its adsorption characteristics (adsorption capacity). The activated carbon treated with 2 N HCl (AC 2 N) was chosen as the proper adsorbent, due to better surface area, better pore volume, highest CEC value, and better positive charge in RBDPO. The 3-MCPD and GE adsorption capacity of AC 2 N was 1.48 mg g−1 and 29.68 mg g−1, respectively. The adsorption ability of pretreated activated carbon towards 3-MCPD esters was examined in a batch system at various adsorption temperatures. The 3-MCPD ester concentration in RBDPO was successfully reduced by up to 80% at 35 °C using the activated carbon treated with 2 N HCl solution. On the other hand, the activated carbon was able to reduce the other contaminant of GE in RBDPO up to 97% from the initial concentration of GE.
Understanding attitudes and norms of dog walkers to reduce disturbances to shorebirds

ABSTRACT Dog walking can disturb shorebirds. To inform disturbance reduction campaigns, we conducted a survey of dog walkers in Maine, New York, and South Carolina to understand beach recreationists’ attitudes about the benefits and constraints of voluntarily leashing dogs on beaches and their social and personal norms related to leashing. Common perceived constraints to leashing included perceptions about reducing socialization for dogs, reducing exercise for dogs, and dogs listening to owners’ commands. Common perceived benefits to leashing included perceptions about preventing dogs from running into areas for beach-nesting birds, increased safety for dogs, increased control by dog walkers, and keeping dogs away from other people. Benefits, location (i.e., state), and norms were strong predictors of the leashing frequency near beach-nesting birds. We discuss behavior change strategies to leverage social norms, decrease the constraints, and increase the benefits of voluntarily leashing dogs near shorebirds.
The Effect of Operational Factors on Solid/Liquid Separation by Ultra-Membrane Filtration in a Biological Denitrification System for Collected Human Excreta Treatment Plants

One third of the total population of Japan is served by collected human excreta treatment systems for the sanitary treatment of human wastes. In order to cope with the stringent effluent quality regulations set for human excreta treatment plants, the high-load biological denitrification process with ultra-membrane filtration for solid/liquid separation has been recently developed. This system has big advantages not only with respect to the solid/liquid separation stage of biological treatment processes, but also as regards the cost and operational effectiveness of advanced treatment processes such as ozonation and activated carbon adsorption. However, problems can be experienced with the ultra-membrane filtration process because the attainable hydraulic load is completely governed by the permeation flux. Therefore, in order to utilized the ultra-membrane filtration process in a biological wastewater treatment system, the effects of the operational factors on the permeation flux have to be clarified. In this paper, the effects of factors such as water temperature, suspended solids concentration, driving pressure, and water velocity in the unit are described. It has become clear that in order to attain a stable permeation flux, the water temperature and suspended solids concentration should be kept as stable as possible. The results of the investigation of the development of cake or gel layer resistance showed that high pressure and high velocity give a high and stable permeation flux. However, it has also been shown that the optimum operational conditions are high pressure and low velocity, due to the energy costs for operation of the system.
Gender Equality and Modernity in Portugal. An Analysis on the Obstacles to Gender Equality in Highly Qualified Professions

In this review article, we argue that the transformations related to the modernisation of Portuguese society triggered by the implementation of democracy did not fully accommodate gender equality. In particular, when we consider the areas where the most progress has been made in keeping with a broadly shared urge for modernisation, education and science; whereas women have contributed to boosting the Portuguese population’s level of education, thus inverting the worst legacy of the dictatorship and developing scientific research, gender inequalities are still visible in highly qualified professions. Reviewing the results of studies from different professions, science, medicine and engineering, our analysis illustrates several factors that hinder not only the recognition of women’s competences and merit at work but also their career opportunities. Some of these factors are rooted in the type of gender ideology that was central to the propaganda of the dictatorship, thereby establishing continuity with the previous regime that seems particularly difficult to break in the absence of women’s voices to raise awareness on gender equality.
Transport and Localization of Elastic Waves in Two‐Dimensional Fractured Media: Consequences on Scattering Attenuation

We present numerical simulations of elastic wave transport in two‐dimensional fractured media. Natural fracture systems, following a power‐law length scaling, are modeled by the discrete fracture network approach for geometrically representing fracture distributions and the displacement discontinuity method for mechanically computing fracture‐wave interactions. The model is validated against analytical solutions for wave reflection, transmission, and scattering by single fractures, and then applied to solve the wavefield evolution in synthetic fracture networks. We find that the dimensionless angular frequency ῶ = ωZ/κ plays a crucial role in governing wave transport, where ω, Z, and κ are the angular frequency, seismic impedance, and fracture stiffness, respectively. When ῶ is smaller than the critical frequency ῶc (≈5), waves are in the extended mode, either propagating (for small ῶ) or diffusing by multiple scattering (for intermediate ῶ); as ῶ exceeds ῶc, waves become trapped, entering either the Anderson localization regime (kl* ≈ 1) in well‐connected fracture systems or the weak localization regime (kl* > 1) in poorly‐connected fracture systems, where k is the incident wavenumber and l* is the mean free path length. Consequently, the inverse quality factor Q−1 scales with ῶ obeying a two‐branch power‐law dependence, showing significant frequency dependence when ῶ < ῶc and almost frequency independence when ῶ > ῶc. Furthermore, when ῶ < ῶc, the wavefield exhibits a weak dependence on fracture network geometry, whereas when ῶ > ῶc, the fracture network connectivity has an important impact on the wavefield such that strong attenuation occurs in well‐connected fracture systems.
Progress of Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Applications

作为一类新型的绿色溶剂,低共熔溶剂具有蒸汽压低、无毒性、可生物降解、溶解性和导电性优良、电化学稳定窗口宽等独特的物理化学性质,并且可以通过选择合适的组成和配比来调节其性能,在很多领域中有着诱人的应用前景. 本文从低共熔溶剂的组成、性质及其应用等3个方面综述了近年来低共熔溶剂的研究进展,并对目前研究中存在的问题进行了讨论.
Understanding Emotion in Physical Education Teaching: A Conceptual Framework for Research and Practice

ABSTRACT While more developed in the general education literature, research on teacher emotions represents an understudied area in physical education (PE) literature. Understanding the idiosyncrasies of PE teacher emotions represents an important direction for future research as teacher emotions have been linked to teaching effectiveness, job satisfaction, and personal wellbeing. Also, teacher emotions influence teacher-student relationships, which impact student motivation and learning. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to express the role of emotions in teachers’ lives, discuss the antecedents and consequences of teacher emotions, and propose a conceptual framework for understanding PE teacher emotions that account for the dynamic, evolving, and complex contexts in which teachers work. Specifically, appraisal theory is used to identify and understand teachers’ emotions and ecological dynamic systems theory is used to position these emotions within teachers’ classrooms and their sociopolitical and cultural experiences. Current research is reviewed and recommendations for research and practice proposed.
Exploring the key challenges facing company secretaries in a two-tier board context

Purpose This study aims to examine the core challenges facing company secretaries in a two-tier board context. This study focuses on the key factors contributing to these challenges and how company secretaries can effectively address them. Design/methodology/approach An analysis of the narratives provided by 291 Dutch company secretaries in response to a series of open-ended questionnaire questions led to insights into the key challenges company secretaries face in their day-to-day work. Findings Company secretaries perceive a myriad of factors contributing to pressures on their time, the need to work for multiple organizational bodies and the processing of information. They believe process interventions and social interventions are needed to alleviate these issues. Research limitations/implications The research highlights the need to deeply study boards from a holistic and systems point of view that recognizes the various actors, such as the company secretary, and their relationships in a boardroom context. Furthermore, the research shows how the two-tier board model may complicate these relational dynamics owing to the formal separation of decision management from decision control. Practical implications This study identifies various pragmatic ways to address the core challenges facing company secretaries so as to improve their contributions to decision-making at the apex of organizations. Originality/value This study sheds light on an important organizational actor (i.e. the company secretary) that hitherto has received scant attention in the governance literature.
Fatigue response dependence of thickness measurement methods for additively manufactured E‐PBF Ti‐6Al‐4 V

Light weight metal parts produced with additive manufacturing have gained increasing interest from the aerospace industry in recent years. However, light weight parts often require thin walls which can have different material properties compared to thick bulk material. In this work, the fatigue properties of Ti-6Al-4 V produced by electron beam powder bed fusion have been investigated for samples with three different wall thicknesses ranging from 1.3 to 2.7 mm and in three different directions; 0 (cid:1) , 45 (cid:1) , and 90 (cid:1) relative to the build plate. Generally, the 90 (cid:1) specimens show worse fatigue life compared to both 0 (cid:1) and 45 (cid:1) . It was found that the fatigue strength is lower for thin samples compared to thicker samples when the stress is calculated from nominal thickness or calliper measurements. However, since materials produced by electron beam powder bed fusion often have a rough as-built surface, the load bearing area is not easy to determine. In this paper, four different methods for determining the load bearing area are presented. It is shown that if the surface roughness is considered when calculating the stress levels, the influence from specimen thickness decreases or even disappears.
Disentangling the taxonomy of Belostoma Latreille (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae) with the aid of DNA barcoding approaches

Belostoma is the most diverse genus of Belostomatidae, comprising 74 species. The small Belostoma species are challenging to identify mainly due to the presence of cryptic species. As DNA barcoding has been a crucial tool to solve the taxonomic impediment associated with many taxa, we compared species delimitations obtained by morphological and molecular approaches, in order to help to disentangle the taxonomy of Belostoma. We sampled 192 specimens of Belostoma across the Rio Grande do Sul Brazilian Coastal Plain. Specimens were first identified with the use of morphological markers and then characterized for two mitochondrial markers: cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S rRNA genes, generating 181 and 164 sequences, respectively. These were complemented with Belostoma sequences downloaded from NCBI/BOLD (101 for COI & 13 for 16S). Thus, matrixes including 282, 177 and 299 sequences for COI, 16S and the concatenated data set, respectively, were analysed through phylogenetic, phylogeographic and distance approaches. The initial morphological evaluation allowed the identification of 14 male genitalia morphotypes, whose sequences were added to a preliminary matrix containing NCBI/BOLD sequences of five other described species, allowing us to recover 10 clades in the molecular analyses. Patterns of reciprocal monophyly were confirmed for only six of the studied species: Belostoma angustum, Belostoma cummingsi, Belostoma dentatum, Belostoma noualhieri, Belostoma orbiculatum and Belostoma ribeiroi. Belostoma candidulum, Belostoma horvathi and Belostoma sanctulum appeared intermingled in a single clade. The grouping of these with the other five distinct (male genital) morphotypes reveals a clade with high levels of morphological polymorphism or phenotypic plasticity.