Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The e-MERGE Survey (e-MERLIN Galaxy Evolution Survey): overview and survey description

We present an overview and description of the e-MERGE Survey (e-MERLIN Galaxy Evolution Survey) Data Release 1 (DR1), a large program of high-resolution 1.5-GHz radio observations of the GOODS-N field comprising ∼140 h of observations with enhanced-Multi-Element Remotely Linked Interferometer Network (e-MERLIN) and ∼40 h with the Very Large Array (VLA). We combine the long baselines of e-MERLIN (providing high angular resolution) with the relatively closely packed antennas of the VLA (providing excellent surface brightness sensitivity) to produce a deep 1.5-GHz radio survey with the sensitivity (${\sim}1.5\, \mu$ Jy beam−1), angular resolution (0.2–0.7 arcsec) and field-of-view (∼15 × 15 arcmin2) to detect and spatially resolve star-forming galaxies and active galactic nucleus (AGN) at $z$ ≳ 1. The goal of e-MERGE is to provide new constraints on the deep, sub-arcsecond radio sky which will be surveyed by SKA1-mid. In this initial publication, we discuss our data analysis techniques, including steps taken to model in-beam source variability over an ∼20-yr baseline and the development of new point spread function/primary beam models to seamlessly merge e-MERLIN and VLA data in the uv plane. We present early science results, including measurements of the luminosities and/or linear sizes of ∼500 galaxies selected at 1.5 GHz. In combination with deep Hubble Space Telescope observations, we measure a mean radio-to-optical size ratio of re-MERGE/rHST ∼ 1.02 ± 0.03, suggesting that in most high-redshift galaxies, the ∼GHz continuum emission traces the stellar light seen in optical imaging. This is the first in a series of papers that will explore the ∼kpc-scale radio properties of star-forming galaxies and AGN in the GOODS-N field observed by e-MERGE DR1.
On the list recoverability of randomly punctured codes

We show that a random puncturing of a code with good distance is list recoverable beyond the Johnson bound. In particular, this implies that there are Reed-Solomon codes that are list recoverable beyond the Johnson bound. It was previously known that there are Reed-Solomon codes that do not have this property. As an immediate corollary to our main theorem, we obtain better degree bounds on unbalanced expanders that come from Reed-Solomon codes.
Doppler Imaging and Differential Rotation of σ2 Coronae Borealis Using SONG

We present new Doppler images of both components of the double-lined binary σ2 CrB, based on the high-resolution spectroscopic data collected during 11 nights in 2015 March–April. The observed spectra form two independent data sets with sufficient phase coverage. We apply the least-squares deconvolution to all observed spectra to obtain high signal-to-noise mean profiles, from which we derive the Doppler images of both components of σ2 CrB simultaneously. The surfaces of both F9 and G0 components are dominated by pronounced polar spots. The F9 component exhibits a weak spot at latitude 30° and its mid-to-low latitudes are relatively featureless. The G0 star shows an extended spot structure at latitude 30°, and its surface spot coverage is larger than that of the F9 star, which suggests a higher level of magnetic activity. With the cross-correlation method, we derive a solar-like surface differential rotation on the G0 star of σ2 CrB for the first time, and the surface shear rate is ΔΩ = 0.180 ± 0.004 rad days−1 and α = ΔΩ/Ωeq = 0.032 ± 0.001. We do not obtain a clear surface shear law for the F9 star due to the lack of mid-to-low latitude features, but detect a systematic longitude shift of high-latitude spots, which indicates a slower rotation with respect to the corotating frame.
Moving Down the Long Tail of Word Sense Disambiguation with Gloss Informed Bi-encoders

A major obstacle in Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is that word senses are not uniformly distributed, causing existing models to generally perform poorly on senses that are either rare or unseen during training. We propose a bi-encoder model that independently embeds (1) the target word with its surrounding context and (2) the dictionary definition, or gloss, of each sense. The encoders are jointly optimized in the same representation space, so that sense disambiguation can be performed by finding the nearest sense embedding for each target word embedding. Our system outperforms previous state-of-the-art models on English all-words WSD; these gains predominantly come from improved performance on rare senses, leading to a 31.1% error reduction on less frequent senses over prior work. This demonstrates that rare senses can be more effectively disambiguated by modeling their definitions.
SDSS-IV MaNGA: spatially resolved dust attenuation in spiral galaxies

Dust attenuation in star-forming spiral galaxies affects stars and gas in different ways due to local variations in dust geometry. We present spatially resolved measurements of dust attenuation for a sample of 232 such star-forming spiral galaxies, derived from spectra acquired by the SDSS-IV MaNGA survey. The dust attenuation affecting the stellar populations of these galaxies (obtained using full spectrum stellar population fitting methods) is compared with the dust attenuation in the gas (derived from the Balmer decrement). Both of these attenuation measures increase for local regions of galaxies with higher star formation rates; the dust attenuation affecting the stellar populations increases more so than the dust attenuation in the gas, causing the ratio of the dust attenuation affecting the stellar populations to the dust attenuation in the gas to decrease for local regions of galaxies with higher star formation rate densities. No systematic difference is discernible in any of these dust attenuation quantities between the spiral arm and interarm regions of the galaxies. While both the dust attenuation in the gas and the dust attenuation affecting the stellar populations decrease with galactocentric radius, the ratio of the two quantities does not vary with radius. This ratio does, however, decrease systematically as the stellar mass of the galaxy increases. Analysis of the radial profiles of the two dust attenuation measures suggests that there is a disproportionately high concentration of birth clouds (incorporating gas, young stars, and clumpy dust) nearer to the centres of star-forming spiral galaxies.
Disseminative fitness of Endothia parasitica containing different agents for cytoplasmic hypovirulence

Three different agents for cytoplasmic hypovirulence (CH) were transferred individually to a virulent (V) isolate (EP 155) of Endothia parasitica. The CH agent HI2 obtained from an Italian isolate of E. parasitica had little effect on the ability of EP 155 to sporulate asexually or to cause cankers on American chestnut. CH agent HM2 from a Michigan isolate reduced these parameters by 60 and 80%, respectively, whereas CH agent HT2 from a Tennessee isolate reduced both parameters almost totally. Agent HT2 was markedly less efficient than HI2 or HM2 at conversion of mycelium and stromata in cankers incited by EP 155. Agent HT2 also was transmitted through a much lower percentage of conidia than were HI2 or HM2. This did not appear to be a barrier to the spread of cytoplasmic hypovirulence, however, as very few CH conidia in droplets of condial suspensions were required for conversion of resultant colonies to CH. Frequency of transmission of CH agents through conidia produced in vivo and in vitro was similar .
A critique of prevailing attitudes towards the control of seaweed zonation on the sea shore

Examination of recent literature reveals that prevailing attitudes towards the control of zonation of seaweeds favour a primarily abiotic explanation, Zonation is viewed mainly in terms of physiological tolerance ranges of component species äs related to an environmental gradient. Attempts have also been made to fit zonation patterns to abrupt discontinuities in the tidal regime, the critical tide factors. In this paper zonation is seen primarily äs an interspecific biological competition phcnomenon. GAUSE and Wir (1935) have shown clearly that, on theoretical grounds, zonation is predictable on a gradient. Physiological tolerance limits are not implicated in this explanatioru Ecological experiments in the littoral and sub-littoral which lend support to this postulate are reviewed.
Building A User-Centric and Content-Driven Socialbot

To build Sounding Board, we develop a system architecture that is capable of accommodating dialog strategies that we designed for socialbot conversations. The architecture consists of a multi-dimensional language understanding module for analyzing user utterances, a hierarchical dialog management framework for dialog context tracking and complex dialog control, and a language generation process that realizes the response plan and makes adjustments for speech synthesis. Additionally, we construct a new knowledge base to power the socialbot by collecting social chat content from a variety of sources. An important contribution of the system is the synergy between the knowledge base and the dialog management, i.e., the use of a graph structure to organize the knowledge base that makes dialog control very efficient in bringing related content to the discussion. Using the data collected from Sounding Board during the competition, we carry out in-depth analyses of socialbot conversations and user ratings which provide valuable insights in evaluation methods for socialbots. We additionally investigate a new approach for system evaluation and diagnosis that allows scoring individual dialog segments in the conversation. Finally, observing that socialbots suffer from the issue of shallow conversations about topics associated with unstructured data, we study the problem of enabling extended socialbot conversations grounded on a document. To bring together machine reading and dialog control techniques, a graph-based document representation is proposed, together with methods for automatically constructing the graph. Using the graph-based representation, dialog control can be carried out by retrieving nodes or moving along edges in the graph. To illustrate the usage, a mixed-initiative dialog strategy is designed for socialbot conversations on news articles.
On the fourth order Cattaneo equation of heat conduction

The well known heat equation with finite speed of propagation proposed by Cattaneo is obtained by a more general fourth order PDE when a certain (small) parameters is put equal to zero. It seems that this fourth order equation has been essentially overlooked in the literature, in particular when it is subject to non homogeneous boundary conditions. In this paper we examine its well posedness and the asymptotic behavior when certain coefficients tend to singular values.
The Cosmic Ultraviolet Baryon Survey (CUBS) – I. Overview and the diverse environments of Lyman limit systems at z < 1

We present initial results from the Cosmic Ultraviolet Baryon Survey (CUBS). CUBS is designed to map diffuse baryonic structures at redshift z ≲ 1 using absorption-line spectroscopy of 15 UV-bright QSOs with matching deep galaxy survey data. CUBS QSOs are selected based on their NUV brightness to avoid biases against the presence of intervening Lyman limit systems (LLSs) at zabs < 1. We report five new LLSs of $\log \, N({\mathrm{ H} \,{\small I}})/{{\rm cm^{-2}}}\gtrsim 17.2$ over a total redshift survey path-length of $\Delta \, z_{\mathrm{ LL}}=9.3$, and a number density of $n(z)=0. 43_{-0.18}^{+0.26}$. Considering all absorbers with $\log \, N({{\mathrm{ H} \,{\small I}}})/{{\rm cm^{-2}}}\gt 16.5$ leads to $n(z)=1. 08_{-0.25}^{+0.31}$ at zabs < 1. All LLSs exhibit a multicomponent structure and associated metal transitions from multiple ionization states such as C ii, C iii, Mg ii, Si ii, Si iii, and O vi absorption. Differential chemical enrichment levels as well as ionization states are directly observed across individual components in three LLSs. We present deep galaxy survey data obtained using the VLT-MUSE integral field spectrograph and the Magellan Telescopes, reaching sensitivities necessary for detecting galaxies fainter than $0.1\, L_*$ at d ≲ 300 physical kpc (pkpc) in all five fields. A diverse range of galaxy properties is seen around these LLSs, from a low-mass dwarf galaxy pair, a co-rotating gaseous halo/disc, a star-forming galaxy, a massive quiescent galaxy, to a galaxy group. The closest galaxies have projected distances ranging from d = 15 to 72 pkpc and intrinsic luminosities from ${\approx} 0.01\, L_*$ to ${\approx} 3\, L_*$. Our study shows that LLSs originate in a variety of galaxy environments and trace gaseous structures with a broad range of metallicities.
Northern Hemisphere plant disjunctions: a window on tertiary land bridges and climate change?

• Aims This botanical briefing examines how molecular systematics has contributed to progress in understanding the history of Tertiary relict genera, i.e. those that that now occur disjunctly in parts of Eurasia and N America, and how progress in understanding Southern Hemisphere biogeography paradoxically makes unravelling Northern Hemisphere biogeography more complex. • Scope Tertiary relict floras comprise genera of warm wet climates that were once circumboreal in distribution but are now confined to E Asia, south-eastern and western N America, and SW Eurasia. The intercontinental disjunctions among these genera have long been believed to result from land connections between Eurasia and N America, across Beringia and the N Atlantic. This view is reassessed in the light of new evidence for long dispersal of propagules across oceans being responsible for many plant disjunctions involving southern continents. The impact of molecular dating, which has been very different in Southern and Northern Hemisphere biogeography, is discussed. • Conclusions For N America–Eurasia disjunctions involving Tertiary relict floras, land connections remain the more likely cause of disjunctions but data from fossils or infraspecific variation will be required to exclude long-dispersal explanations for disjunctions in any individual genus. Molecular dating of divergence between disjunctly distributed Tertiary relict floras can tell us which palaeoclimatic or palaeogeographic events impacted on them, and how, but only if migration over land and vicariance can be proved and molecular dating is sufficiently accurate.
A monoclonal antibody recognizes follicular granulosa cell antigens in porcine ovaries

We prepared an IgM monoclonal (PAG-1) antibody against follicular granulosa cells of porcine ovaries. Immunohistochemical reaction of the antibody was detected only in follicular granulosa cells, not in any other ovarian tissues or organs. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that 38and 42-kD bands were present in the granulosa cell membrane samples prepared from healthy follicles. In the samples from early atretic and progressed atretic follicles, 38and 64-kD bands were shown. During follicular atresia, the 64-kD band increased. After glycosidase treatment, the 64kD band shifted to 42-kD, but no change was seen in the 38and 42-kD bands. The present results indicate that the 42-kD band membrane protein is glucoconjugated during atresia, resulting in a glycoconjugated 64-kD protein appearing in the granulosa cells of the atretic follicles. We hypothesize that the glycoconjugated cell membrane protein (64-kD glycoprotein) may act as a trigger for phagocytosis in neighboring granulosa cells in atretic follicles.
Deep Learning on Mobile and Embedded Devices

Recent years have witnessed an exponential increase in the use of mobile and embedded devices. With the great success of deep learning in many fields, there is an emerging trend to deploy deep learning on mobile and embedded devices to better meet the requirement of real-time applications and user privacy protection. However, the limited resources of mobile and embedded devices make it challenging to fulfill the intensive computation and storage demand of deep learning models. In this survey, we conduct a comprehensive review on the related issues for deep learning on mobile and embedded devices. We start with a brief introduction of deep learning and discuss major challenges of implementing deep learning models on mobile and embedded devices. We then conduct an in-depth survey on important compression and acceleration techniques that help adapt deep learning models to mobile and embedded devices, which we specifically classify as pruning, quantization, model distillation, network design strategies, and low-rank factorization. We elaborate on the hardware-based solutions, including mobile GPU, FPGA, and ASIC, and describe software frameworks for mobile deep learning models, especially the development of frameworks based on OpenCL and RenderScript. After that, we present the application of mobile deep learning in a variety of areas, such as navigation, health, speech recognition, and information security. Finally, we discuss some future directions for deep learning on mobile and embedded devices to inspire further research in this area.
Model-based Design of Hardware SC Polar Decoders for FPGAs

Polar codes are a new error correction code family that should be benchmarked and evaluated in comparison to LDPC and turbo-codes. Indeed, recent advances in the 5G digital communication standard recommended the use of polar codes in EMBB control channels. However, in many cases, the implementation of efficient FEC hardware decoders is challenging. Specialised knowledge is required to enable and facilitate testing, rapid design iterations, and fast prototyping. In this article, a model-based design methodology to generate efficient hardware SC polar code decoders is presented. With HLS design process and tools, we demonstrate how FPGA system designers can quickly develop complex hardware systems with good performances. The favourable impact of design space exploration is underlined on achievable performances when a relevant computation model is used. The flexibility of the abstraction layers is evaluated. Hardware decoder generation efficiency is assessed and compared to competing approaches. It is shown that the fine-tuning of computation parallelism, bit length, pruning level, and working frequency help to design high-throughput decoders with moderate hardware complexities. Decoding throughputs higher than 300 Mbps are achieved on an Xilinx Virtex-7 device and on an Altera Stratix IV device.
Firmness Analysis of Real-time Tasks

(m,k)-firm real-time tasks require meeting the deadline of at least m jobs out of any k consecutive jobs. When compared to hard real-time tasks, (m,k)$-firm tasks open up the possibility of tighter resource-dimensioning in implementations. Firmness analysis verifies the satisfaction of (m,k)-firmness conditions. Scheduling policies under which a set of periodic tasks runs on a resource influence the number of deadline missed jobs. Therefore, the nature of the firmness analysis problem depends on scheduling policies. In this work, we present Firmness Analysis (FAn) methods for three common scheduling policies—synchronous and asynchronous Static Priority Preemptive (SPP) policies and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA). We first introduce the Balloon and Rake problem—the problem of striking the maximum number of balloons in a balloon line with a rake. We show that the common core of firmness analysis problems can be abstracted as the Balloon and Rake problem. Next, we prove that the Finite Point method is a solution to the Balloon and Rake problem. We illustrate how existing FAn methods for the TDMA and asynchronous SPP policies can be adapted to use the same solution framework for the Balloon and Rake problem. Using the solution of the Balloon and Rake problem, we adapt the existing FAn methods to synchronous SPP scheduling policies. The scalability of the FAn methods is compared with that of a timed-automata approach, a brute-force approach, and a Mixed Integer Linear Programing method. The FAn methods scale substantially better to firmness analysis problem instances with a large k and a high number of tasks.
Marine taxa of Cocconeis on leaves of Posidonia oceanica, including a new species and two new varieties

Eight Cocconeis Ehrenberg taxa (species and varieties) epiphytic on the leaves of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Samples of Posidonia oceanica were collected throughout the year from seagrass meadows around the island of Ischia (Gulf of Naples, Italy). On the basis of some peculiar ultrastructural characteristics of the valve areolation, a new species, Cocconeis multiperforata sp. nov., and two new varieties, C. neothumensis var. marina var. nov., and C. scutellum var. posidoniae var. nov., are described. Ultrastructural analysis also revealed new morphological characteristics in C. britannica Naegeli in Ku$ tzing and C. maxima (Grunow) Peragallo & Peragallo, and confirmed observations of other authors for C. molesta var. crucifera Grunow, C. pellucida Grunow in Rabenhorst and C. stauroneiformis (Rabenhorst) Okuno. Our observations on the abundance of the different species provide new information on their distribution and ecology.
A method to detect anti-metabolic factors in fermentations

Premature yeast flocculation (PYF) has been described as the rapid settling of yeast cells during fermentation despite the presence of sufficient nutrients. PYF can cause negative impacts on beer quality and thus can be quite costly to brewers and maltsters. To investigate the causative agent of PYF, small-scale fermentations were undertaken in both test tubes and cuvettes (15 and 3.5 mL respectively) using worts prepared from PYF-positive and PYF-negative malt samples. Fermentations were carried out using six malts, for up to seven days. Turbidity and extract values were monitored for all samples. The small scale (test tube) assay exhibited clear yeast cell flocculation differences between malts. In the cuvette assay the wort fermented, but the yeast cells settled out of suspension rapidly. While this property made the cuvette assay unsuitable for detecting PYF malt, it did allow for measurement of impaired sugar uptake by the yeast independent of yeast in suspension effects. All wort samples fermented in the cuvette assay showed a similar decline in apparent extract (p > 0.05), indicating that (at least in the samples studied) premature yeast flocculation was not caused by a decline in yeast activity. We believe the simple cuvette assay reported here could have application in the measurement of anti-metabolic factors in fermenting media.
Effect of wheat type grinding, heat treatment and phytase supplementation on growth efficiency and nutrient utilization of wheat-based diets for broilers

This experiment studied the effect of phytase and processing (heat treatment, grind size) on performance and nutrient utilization of broilers fed diets from 1 to 21 d that included hardred spring (HRS) and durum wheat with three grind sizes (470, 560, 630 µm) with or without heat treatment (oven dry at 80°C for 15 h) before supplementation with phytase (Natuphos® 0 or 600 FTU kg-1). All 24 diets contained 0.5 g Avizyme 1302 kg-1 and were formulated (80% wheat, 20% basal diet) to supply nutrients necessary to meet the requirements of broiler chicks, except for a low level of nonphytate phosphorus (P, 2.7 g kg-1). The medium ground HRS-based diet produced significantly better feed conversion ratio (FCR) and body weights compared with the other two grind sizes. Heat treatment significantly improved feed conversion ratio and apparent metabolizable energy (AME), protein, and P digestibility of diets. It also significantly decreased feed intake, but produced no differences in 21 d body weight. Supplementation w.