Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny of the Neotropical cichlid fish tribe Cichlasomatini (Teleostei: Cichlidae) based on morphological and molecular data, with the description of a new genus

Phylogenetic relationships among cichlasomatine cichlids were studied using an extensive taxon sampling and both morphological and molecular data sets. A new genus, Andinoacara n. gen. with six species (A. pulcher-rivulatus group of previous authors) from trans-andean South America and NW cis-andean South America, is described based on results of phylogenetic and diagnosability analyses and tests of alternative topologies Our results demonstrate that cichlasomatine cichlid diversity is divided into five principal lineages composed of eleven genera and three suprageneric clades: the [(Bujurquina, Tahuantinsuyoa), (Andinoacara) (BAT) clade; the (Cleithracara, (Nannacara, Ivanacara)] clade (NIC) plus Laetacara and ′Aequidens′ hoehnei; and the (Aequidens, Cichlasoma) clade, where Aequidens is paraphyletic to Cichlasoma. Two former Aequidens species are additionally transferred into Krobia (K. potaroensis, K. paloemeuensis). ′Aequidens′ hoehnei probably represents a unique evolutionary lineage and would thus qualify for a separate generic status. Molecular data are yet not available for this species and its generic status requires further study. Relationships between the three suprageneric clades and between Acaronia and Krobia could not be convincingly resolved with our data set of two mitochondrial (16S and cyt b) and two nuclear (S7 and RAG1) molecular markers and 96 morphological characters. Zusammenfassung Die phylogenetischen Beziehungen der cichlasomatinen Cichliden wurden anhand einer umfangreichen Artenauswahl mittels morphologischer und molekularer Datensatze ermittelt. Die neue Gattung, Andinoacara n. gen. (von fruheren Autoren als A. pulcher-rivulatus Gruppe bezeichnet) mit sechs Arten aus dem westandinen Sudamerika und dem nordwestlichen ostandinen Sudamerika wird basierend auf phylogenetischen und diagnostischen Analysen sowie Tests alternativer Topologien beschrieben. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Vielfalt der cichlasomatinen Cichliden in funf prinzipiellen Linien mit elf Gattungen und drei Kladen (uber Gattungsebene) aufgeteilt ist. Das sind: der ((Bujurquina, Tahuantinsuyoa), Andinoacara) Kladus (BAT); der (Cleithracara, (Nannacara, Ivanacara)) Kladus (NIC) mit Laetacara und `Aequidens' hoehnei sowie der (Aequidens, Cichlasoma) Kladus. Zwei ehemalige Aequidens-Arten (K. potaroensis, K. paloemeuensis) werden in die Gattung Krobiauberfuhrt. `Aequidens' hoehnei stellt wahrscheinlich eine einzigartige evolutionare Linie dar, die eine eigenstandige Gattung rechtfertigt. Molekulare Daten liegen hierfur jedoch nicht vor, sodass weitere Untersuchungen notwendig sind. Die verwandtschaftlichen Beziehungen der drei Kladen (oberhalb Gattungsebene) und zwischen Acaronia und Krobia konnten mit unseren Datensatzen aus den zwei mitochondrialen (16S and cyt b) und den zwei nuklearen (S7 and RAG1) molekularen Markern und den 96 morphologischen Merkmalen nicht uberzeugend geklart werden.
Crab and mollusc shell drilling by Octopus vulgaris (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the Ria de Vigo (north‐west Spain)

Octopus vulgaris living in the Ria de Vigo, north-west Spain, sometimes drills a cavity in the carapace of crabs and shells of molluscs. These holes have features with the same characteristics as those made in molluscs by O. vulgaris and in crabs by Eledone cirrhosa when isolated in aquaria. This is the first report of drilling the carapace of crabs by Octopus vulgaris.
Immunomostimulation effects of Sargassum whitti on Mugil cephalus against Pseudomonas fluorescence

seaweed. The nonspecific immune mechanisms were assessed in terms of Counting of white blood cells (WBC), Lysozyme assay and Respiratory burst activity. The functional immunity in terms of percentage mortality and Relative Percent Survival (RPS) was assessed by a challenge with live P.fluorescence. In our present study 1% Seaweed shows a significantly increased WBC, higher lysozyme activities and respiratory burst activities when compare with other diet 0.5, 1.5% Seaweed died & control feed. Cumulative survival rate after 24h of challenge test, exper iment group showed 80% survival and control 70% survival were observed. After 120 h of experimental studies 70%, 80%, 65 %, and 30% survival was observed in G1, G2, G3 and Control group respectively. This preliminary study indicates that Sargassum whitti could be used to promote the health status of fish in intensive finfish aquaculture.
Living on the edge: range edge birds consume novel foods sooner than established ones

The ability to adjust behavioral responses to environmental cues probably contributes to an individual’s ability to persist in unfamiliar habitats. One behavior, how an individual responds to novelty, influences the acquisition of resources (e.g., novel foods) and identification of stressors, but it may also increase exposure to risks. Here, using house sparrows (Passer domesticus) recently introduced to Kenya, we tested how range expansion influenced individuals’ responses to novel foods and objects. We predicted that range edge birds would be less averse to novelty than birds at the site of introduction and that this effect would be more pronounced for novel foods than novel non-nutritional items. We also expected range edge individuals to be more sensitive to changes in the environment and therefore more apt to adjust their behavior in response to different cues; in other words, individuals at the range edge would have a more flexible behavioral repertoire than individuals at the site of introduction. As predicted, individuals at the range edge ate novel foods faster than those from established areas; however, latency to touch novel objects did not vary across the range. Individuals throughout the range were variable in their response to novelty, but there was no indication that individual flexibility was greater at the range edge. Although many novel items might be useful to introduced organisms, novel foods are likely more valuable, and therefore individuals should be most apt to risk the potential costs associated with novelty for a high nutritional payoff.
Selection for immunoresponsiveness in chickens : effects of the major histocompatibility complex and resistance to Marek's disease

Improving genetic disease resistance may be an attractive preventive measure in the control of infectious diseases in livestock production. Chickens were selected for high and low antibody response to sheep red blood cells for ten generations. Divergent selection was successfully achieved and led to changes in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) type distribution. Effects of MHC on the selected trait were subsequently assessed in the selected lines and in a F2. The low line was more susceptible to Marek's disease than the control line, but the high line was not more resistant than the control line. MHC types showed also significant effects on resistance to Marek's disease. Both antibody response and resistance to Marek's disease showed high heritabilities and effects of MHC but it could not be established whether disease resistance may be improved by selection for antibody response only.
Research on the Wake Effect of Floating Wind Turbine

Floating wind power exploration becomes a new focus in the development of global offshore wind industry. China is currently carrying out the technical research work on the first floating wind demonstration project. In this paper, the wake response of floating wind turbines has been studied and modeled based on the analysis of the motions of the wind turbines swinging with the foundation due to the impact of wind, waves and ocean currents. The simulation and calculation results show that the motion response of the floating platform has a significant impact on and the wake response of the floating wind turbine.
Integrated nutrient management for growth and yield in Glory Lily (Gloriosa superba L.)

Gloriosa superba L. is an important medicinal plant species found in tropical and subtropical regions of India. Seeds and tubers contain colchicine which is used for treating gout, rheumatism and for producing polyploides. Due to diverse use, the species has been largely exploited from natural habitat leading to its threatened status. A field experiment was conducted to study the influence of organic and inorganic fertilizers on its growth and seed yield. Eight treatments including Control (T1), NPK at 120:50:75 kg/ha (recommended dose) (T2), FYM at 20 t/ha (T3), Vermicompost(VC) at 6 t/ha (T4), FYM at 10 t/ha + ½ T2 (T5), VC at 3 t/ha + ½ T2 (T6), FYM at 13.3 t/ha + ⅓T2 (T7), VC at 4 t/ha + ⅓T2 (T8) were followed to find their effect on growth and yield. The treatments were significantly different from each other and higher values were recorded for plant height (144.96 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (172.03), number of branches plant-1 (4.35), number of flowers plant-1 (30.50), number of fruits plant-1 (10.10), seed yield plant-1 (4.47 g) and estimated seed yield hectare-1 (197.50 kg) in the treatment VC at 4 t/ha + ⅓T2. Available major nutrients (NPK) in soil also recorded higher after harvesting the crop in the treatment VC at 4 t/ha + ⅓T2. Key words: Glory lily, inorganic fertilizers, organic manures, Gloriosa, seed yield.
Mobile Measurements at 3.7 GHz using a Massive MIMO antenna array in Outdoor Environments

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is one of the investigated technologies for 5G deployment. This technology offers higher capacity, faster throughput and improved spectral and energy efficiency, thanks to the use of large-scale antenna arrays at the base station (BS), which enable beamforming and exploit the multipath richness. In this paper, we experimentally investigate massive MIMO propagation channel in several propagation environments. For this purpose, we have developed a new sounding experimentation using a large-scale planar array with about one thousand elements. Channel measurements were carried out at 3.7 GHz. We used a Virtual Planar Array (VPA) composed by an actual Uniform Linear Array (ULA) with 36 elements on the top of a moving vehicle to exploit its displacement to generate the second dimension of the VPA. A wideband channel sounder was used to record propagation channel transfer functions and to compute wideband characteristics. A new approach to estimate 3D direction of arrival (DoA) using a rectangular planar array is presented.
Restoration of Riverine Forest at Hall Branch on Phosphate‐Mined Land, Florida

I describe a 1.5‐ha riverine headwater forest (Hall Branch) that was created 11 years earlier on phosphate‐mined and reclaimed land near Tampa, Florida, U.S.A. Favorable hydrologic and edaphic conditions were realized, owing to the proper positioning of the project site in an effectively reclaimed landscape. The soil had developed a distinct A horizon and an incipient B horizon. Planted trees, mainly species of Acer, Fraxinus, Ilex, Liquidambar, Magnolia, Persea, Quercus, Taxodium, and Ulmus, shared dominance with short‐lived volunteer willows (Salix caroliniana) that had already begun to senesce. The tree canopy exhibited 85% cover, and some trees had grown to 12.5 m tall. Basal area reached 8.31 m2/ha for trees 10 cm or more in diameter at breast height. Ten planted tree species produced seeds and yielded seedlings. The floristic composition over the decade consisted of 22 species of trees and 208 shrubs, vines, epiphytes, ferns, graminoids, and forbs. Thirty‐eight non‐arboreal species were directly transplanted, others arose from a seed bank in muck that was amended on wetter sites, and the rest volunteered via natural dissemination. The frequency of non‐arboreal plants was collectively 98%. Seventy‐three species at the restoration site were characteristic of the mature, undisturbed reference ecosystem. A corresponding area within the reference ecosystem contained essentially the same number of species and the same array of life forms. Copious plant reproduction has transformed the planted forest into an intact ecosystem that no longer needs restoration assistance.
Effects of nutrients and warming on Planktothrix dynamics and diversity: a palaeolimnological view based on sedimentary DNA and RNA

Summary Decennial changes in Planktothrix rubescens diversity and dynamics were reconstructed by applying molecular tools to analyse DNA and RNA extracted from lake sediments. The sediments studied were sampled from a deep peri-alpine lake that has experienced both dramatic shifts in trophic conditions and large-scale climatic changes. Palaeolimnological proxies were combined with statistical modelling to investigate the relative influence of phosphorus concentrations and temperature changes on the extent of Planktothrix blooms over the last century. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the overall composition of the cyanobacterial community changed over the transition from oligotrophic to eutrophic conditions. When the relative abundance of Planktothrix decreased in the 1970s, concomitant with eutrophication, total cyanobacterial abundance remained high and more Anabaena and Microcystis sequences were detected. In spite of such drastic environmental changes, the lake provided a constant niche for one particular Planktothrix species, which was consistently present from the 1920s to the present day. Phosphorus concentration was found to be the dominant driver of the relative abundance of P. rubescens, with the highest abundances observed during mesotrophic conditions. The relative role of climate was nutrient-dependent, with warmer springs having a positive effect on P. rubescens abundance only during mesotrophic periods. Overall, this study confirms that analysis of genetic signatures preserved in sediment archives allows assessment of key palaeoenvironmental indicator species that have no diagnostic microscopic cellular features in the sediment record. In the case of cyanobacteria, palaeogenetics offer unique opportunities to anticipate how future climate change might affect the response of P. rubescens to phosphorus concentration.
Predicting Insignificant Prostate Cancer: Analysis of the Pathological Outcomes of Candidates for Active Surveillance according to the Pre-International Society of Urological Pathology (Pre-ISUP) 2014 Era Versus the Post-ISUP2014 Era

Purpose To analyze the difference in the prediction accuracy with an active surveillance (AS) protocol between two eras (pre-International Society of Urological Pathology [pre-ISUP]-2014 vs. post-ISUP2014). Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed 118 candidates for AS who underwent radical prostatectomy between 2009 and 2017. We divided our patients into two groups (group 1 [n=57], operation date 2009–2015; group 2 [n=61], operation date 2016–2017). Pathologic slides in group 1 were reviewed to distinguish men with cribriform pattern (CP) because the determination of Gleason scores in old era had been based on pre-ISUP2014 classification. Postoperative outcomes in the two eras were analyzed twice: first, all men in group 1 vs. group 2; second, the remaining men after excluding those with CPs in group 1 vs. group 2. Results The proportion of men with insignificant prostate cancer (iPCa) was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 (36.8% vs. 57.4%, p=0.040). After excluding 11 men with CPs from group 1, those remaining (46 men) were compared again with group 2. In this analysis, the proportion of men with iPCa was similar between the two groups (old vs. contemporary era: 41.3% vs. 57.4%, p=0.146). Nine of 11 men with CP had violated the criteria for iPCa in the earlier comparison. Conclusions The accuracy of the AS protocol has been affected by the coexistence of CPs and pure Gleason 6 tumors in the pre-ISUP2014 era. We suggest to use only contemporary (post-ISUP2014) data to analyze the accuracy with AS protocols in future studies.
Design of Multiband Slot Antenna using SIW Technology

Design and analysis of multiband slot antenna using SIW technology explained in this work. This antenna is designed and simulated using High frequency structure simulator (HFSS2016) software and it uses substrate integrated waveguide technology with three different radiating slots with a cavity back side to produce resonance. The proposed structure radiates at three different frequencies 4.21GHz, 5.21GHz, 5.8GHz useful for wireless communication applications. It consists of one annular slot and two transverse slots and are fed with a coaxial probe, two distinct microstrip lines and higher isolation (i.e., <-20dB) can be achieved among the ports, which realizes a multiband functionality. Moreover, the antenna shows a gain values of 7.5dB, 6.7dB, 7.5dB at the three resonating frequencies.
Comparative studies of antimycotic potential of thyme and clove oil extracts with antifungal antibiotics on Candida albicans

This study was undertaken to compare the antifungal properties of clove (Syzygium aromaticus) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) oils with the synthetic antifungal agents notably, amphotericin B, itraconazole, fluconazole and ketoconazole against Candida albicans in vitro. This is necessary if oil extracts can replace antifungal antibiotics as agents for the treatment of candidiasis. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the essential oils were determined by first solubilizing them with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) followed by serial two-fold dilutions in Sabouraud’s broth using Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) control and other 10 isolates of C. albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the oils, showing no visible fungal growth, varied from 1.0 x 103 to 2.5 x 103 ig/mL for clove and 4.6 x 102 to 9.3 x 102 ig/mL for thyme while their minimum antifungal end-points were 2.5 x 103 and 1.9 x 103ig/mL, respectively. Thyme oil was more antifungal than clove oil. The mean of the MIC’s of the antifungal agents notably amphotericin B, ketoconazole, fluconazole and itraconazole were 0.031, 0.015, 1.9, and 0.168 ig/mL, respectively, indicating that they are more antifungal than the oil extracts. The experiment indicates that, in vitro, the antifungal antibiotics are more antifungal than the essential oils. Perhaps, the mode of extraction of the oils may have contributed to the active agents being suboptimal in the extracts.
OOGENESIS AND SEXUAL MATURATION IN MERETRIX LUSORIA (RÖDING 1798) (BIVALVIA: VENERIDAE) IN WESTERN KOREA

Abstract The ultrastructures of germ cells and follicle cells during oogenesis, the reproductive cycle, and the size at sexual maturity in female Meretrix lusoria were investigated for clams collected from Simpo, Korea by cytological, histological, and morphometric analysis. Vitellogenesis occurred through a process of autosynthesis, involving the combined activity of the Golgi complex, mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and a process of heterosynthesis, in which extraovarian precursors were incorporated into oocytes by endocytotic activity at the basal region of the oolemma of the early vitellogenic oocytes. The follicle cells appeared to play an integral role in vitellogenesis and oocyte degeneration: the functions of the follicle cells are phagocytosis and intracellular digestion of products originating from the degeneration of oocytes. During the period of oocyte degeneration, follicle cells of this species probably have a lysosomal system for breakdown, and resorb various phagosomes in the cytoplasm for nutrient storage, as seen in other bivalves. The reproductive cycle in females can be classified into five successive stages: early active stage (January to March), late active stage (February to May), ripe stage (April to August), partially spawned stage (June to September), and spent/inactive stage (September to February). The spawning period continues from June to September, with a peak between July and August when the seawater temperature exceeds 22°C. The percentage of individual female clams 40.0–45.0 mm in shell length that were at first sexual maturity was over 56.3%, and for clams over 50.0 mm in shell length, it was 100%. Shell length at 50% of sexual maturity (rate of sexual maturity, RM50) was 41.0 mm. Thus, female clams were determined to be sexually mature at two years of age. Because harvesting clams <40.1 mm in shell length could potentially cause a drastic reduction in recruitment, a measure indicating a prohibitory fishing size should be taken for adequate fisheries management.
Amorphinopsis (Halichondrida: Demospongiae) from the Atlantic Ocean, with the description of a new species

A species of the genus Amorphinopsis is described for the first time for the Atlantic Ocean. The new species was described based on the study of 25 specimens, collected in the area of the São Sebastião Channel and its environs (northern sector of São Paulo State coastline) and in the Cabo Frio region (Rio de Janeiro State). The form is massive cushion-shaped, lobate, occasionally encrusting. The megascleres are styles [160–260 (N=20)/5–10 (N=10) μm; length/thickness] and oxeas [150–900 (N=100)/5–18 (N=20) μm]. Amorphinopsis atlantica sp. nov. differs from the other species of Amorphinopsis by its colour, dark-greyish-green with or without yellow tinges on the exposed surface, and the smaller size of its oxeas. Amorphinopsis excavans is the closest species to the Brazilian material, but can still be set apart by a series of smaller traits, such as oxeas and styles never overlapping (the smaller oxea is always larger than the larger style).
Weed Management with Diclosulam in Strip-Tillage Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)1

Experiments were conducted at three locations in North Carolina in 1999 and 2000 to evaluate weed management systems in strip-tillage peanut. Diclosulam was evaluated with standard preemergence (PRE), early postemergence, and postemergence (POST) herbicide systems in a factorial treatment arrangement. Preemergence treatments that contained diclosulam controlled common lambsquarters, common ragweed, and eclipta by 100%. Diclosulam PRE controlled entireleaf morningglory by 88%, ivyleaf morningglory by ≥ 90%, pitted morningglory by ≥ 81%, and prickly sida by ≥ 94%. Yellow nutsedge control with diclosulam ranged from 65 to 100% depending on location, whereas POST systems containing imazapic controlled yellow nutsedge by at least 89%, regardless of PRE herbicides. Peanut yields and net returns were reflective of levels of weed management. Systems that included diclosulam PRE plus POST herbicides consistently provided high yields and net returns. Clethodim late POST was required for full-season control of annual grasses, including broadleaf signalgrass, goosegrass, large crabgrass, and Texas panicum. Nomenclature: Clethodim; diclosulam; imazapic; broadleaf signalgrass, Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash #3 BRAPP; common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. # CHEAL; common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. # AMBEL; eclipta, Eclipta prostrata L. # ECLAL; entireleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula Gray # IPOHG; goosegrass, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. # ELEIN; ivyleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. # IPOHE; large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. # DIGSA; pitted morningglory, Ipomoea lacunosa L. # IPOLA; prickly sida, Sida spinosa L. # SIDSP; Texas panicum, Panicum texanum Buckl. # PANTE; yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. # CYPES; peanut, Arachis hypogaea L. ‘NC 10C’ and ‘NC 12C’. Additional index words: Economic analysis. Abbreviations: EPOST, early postemergence; fb, followed by; POST, postemergence; PPI, preplant incorporated; PRE, preemergence.