Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A sociodemographic profile and outcome of burn patients admitted in a tertiary-care hospital -

Background: Burns are a global public health problem. Every year a substantial proportion of deaths in India occur due to burn injuries. Burn injuries constitute a serious medical, social, and psychological problem along with severe economic loss to individual and their family and hence the need for various sociodemographic factors to understand the problem in our region. Objectives: To study the sociodemographic factors of burn patients in Bundelkhand region and find out the cause and outcome of burn patients and to draw conclusion about preventive aspects of burn injuries. Materials and Methods: A record-based cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary-care hospital, and the medical records of all the patients admitted to surgery department from January 2013 to December 2013 were reviewed and 354 cases included as study subjects. Data were recorded on predesigned and pretested questionnaire and analyzed by statistical software using 2-test and percentages. Result: Of 354 burn patients, 52.5% were female and 47.5% were male subjects showing female predominance. Most of the burn patients belonged to 21–40 years, rural areas, Hindu, unemployed or housewife, and married. Thermal or flame burn was common and accidental in nature (64.5%) with male predominance, while suicidal attempts more in female subjects which was found to be significant (P 0.05). Conclusion: Sociodemographic aspects are important in raising knowledge, awareness, and applying preventive measures in community.
Anaerobes in biliary tract infection

Bile specimens from sixty-nine patients who had undergone biliary tract surgery or PTC have been subjected to bacteriological study by anaerobic and aerobic techniques. Among 50 specimens from the patients with hepatolithiasis, anaerobes were detected in 74.0%, and aerobes in 98.0%. 11 bile specimens from cholecystolithiasis, only 27.3% anaerobes and 36.4% aerobes were detected. Eight patients with biliary duct tumour had sterile bile. The most common isolated anaerobes was bacteroides and with an average of 1.7 species detected. All bile specimens are mixed infections. The incidence of bacterial infection are higher in the pigmented calcium stone than cholesterol stone. This study showed that metronidazole is the drug of choice in the treatment of anaerobic bile infection.
Electron microscopic observations of endothelial junctions in perifocal human brain edema. An interpretative study.

: Cortical biopsies of 12 patients with diagnosis of cerebral tumor or complicated brain trauma were studied with the electron microscope to analyse the alterations of endothelial junctions and their probable participation in the pathogenesis of human brain edema. Capillaries with increased vesicular and vacuolar transport from areas with moderate and severe edema were examined. Some endothelial tight junctions were structurally closed and intact while others showed openings and dehiscence of processes. Some accessory mechanisms of bypassing the endothelial junctions were found, such as: a) communicating micropinocytotic vesicles with the extracellular space at the basal segment of endothelial junction; b) chained micropinocytotic vesicles between endothelial luminal membrane and basal segment of endothelial junction and c) tubular structures connecting the extracellular pockets of endothelial junction with the basement membrane bifurcation. In severe brain edema a considerable enlargement of interjunctional pockets of extracellular space was seen, suggesting that in highly increased cerebrovascular permeability the endothelial junctions are partially opened and that an intercellular route through interendothelial clefts for transferring hematogenous edema fluid from blood to the capillary basement membrane is formed.
Developing a Home-Based Early Intervention Personnel Training Program in Southeast China

China is expected to have a rapid growth in specialized early intervention (EI) services for young children ages birth to 6 and their families. A major barrier in the provision of EI services in China is the shortage of well-trained EI personnel. In 2013, a Home-Based Early Intervention Program (HBEIP) was started at South China Normal University (SCNU) in Guangzhou, China to prepare future professionals to use family-centered EI practices adapted from similar programs in the United States. During the first year of implementation, HBEIP collected data from a self-efficacy survey and a needs assessment. Results from the evaluation showed that Chinese trainees perceived the family-centered approach to EI as relevant and valuable, and indicated needs for improving supervision and coaching supports in future implementation of HBEIP. The research team discussed implications for cross-cultural adaptation and implementation of personnel training practices.
Potentially Inappropriate Medications in Nursing Homes: Sources and Correlates

Results: Potentially inappropriate prescribing is common among newly admitted nursing home residents (32%). A large percentage of potentially inappropriate drug prescribing occur prior to nursing home placement and vary significantly by patient age, admission source and number of medications prescribed The median age of newly admitted NH residents was 82.5 years (range 42-101) The mean number of medications prescribed was 12.7 (range 0-30), with 50% of residents taking 12 or more medications. Taking a higher number of medications (p=.001) and age younger than 85 years (p=0.05) significantly correlated with potentially inappropriate drug prescribing. Forty one out of one hundred and forty seven patients (27.9%) admitted from the acute hospital were taking potentially inappropriate medications forming the largest source of potentially inappropriate drug prescribing. There was a statistically significant difference in potentially inappropriate prescribing among residents from the various referral sources (p=.006). There was also a high proportion of potentially inappropriate medication use in patients admitted from other nursing homes (62.5%) and acute rehabilitation centers (80%). Gender, psychotropic medications use and dementia diagnoses were not associated with potentially inappropriate drug use. Conclusion: Efforts to reduce potentially inappropriate prescribing in long term care should include initiatives to reduce this in other patient care settings, prior to admission to long term care facilities. A careful review of medications on admission to a nursing facility would also go a long way to reduce potentially inappropriate prescribing. Looking at the total number of medications on admission may also be a good way to screen for potentially inappropriate medications in long term care facilities.
Stepping Boldly Into the Future: The American Pediatric Surgical Nurses Association Membership Survey Results Guide an Opportunity for Strategic Progress

Introduction The Institute of Medicine (IOM) in its report The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health (2010) has recommended that there be an infrastructure for data collection related to the nursing workforce. Organizations responsible for the accreditation and certification of Nursing Organizations, the American Nurses Association (ANA) and the American Nurse Credentialing Center (ANCC) have asserted that nursing organizations need to conduct periodic needs assessments and to better define their membership in terms of demographics, role, and skill mix. These data need to be standardized and transferrable to a larger national data set. Purpose The American Pediatric Surgical Nurses Association (APSNA) is a specialty nursing organization with a mission to promote excellence in pediatric surgical nursing through educational offerings, nursing research, professional collaboration, and peer support. The primary purpose was to identify the current professional practice environment of the APSNA member base in their various employment settings. The second purpose of the survey was to explore the activities of APSNA members to provide information on priorities from the APSNA membership for healthcare planning and strategic initiatives. Methods Survey methodology was used and made available online from April 2013 to April 2014. The data is descriptive in nature. Results The response rate of 13% was similar to that of other organizations when conducting a member survey. Demographic, professional characteristics and member preferences are described. Conclusions The results, together with the IOM report recommendations can guide strategic planning for APSNA and its members.
Malaysian Consumer Knowledge and Preferred Information Sources in Selecting Functional Foods

The functional food market is rapidly expanding, with manufacturers promoting the perceived health benefits of food products to specific consumer groups. Therefore, this study seeks to understand whether consumers have adequate knowledge when choosing functional foods in Malaysian food and if there is a significant difference in knowledge concerning functional foods among the Malays, Chinese and Indians. This study also explores the information sources that consumers use in developing their knowledge and choosing different types of functional food. Data was collected from 600 Malaysian consumers through a self-administered survey. Analysis of Variance and confirmatory factor analysis using Structural Equation Modelling were conducted to test two propositions of this study. The results obtained indicate that consumers have adequate knowledge of functional food; that there is a significant difference in the level of knowledge concerning functional foods among the Malay, Chinese and Indian ethnic groups. The study also identified the communication channels – personal (family, relative, experience and friends) and impersonal (mass media, salesperson, packaging, and the Internet) sources that can be used by food practitioners, government agencies and food marketers to communicate the accurate health benefits of functional food. Proper dissemination of accurate health promotional information will increase the consumption of functional foods in Malaysia’s multi cultural society.
Evaluation of changes in splenic lymphoid tissue during visceral leishmaniasis infection in BALB/c mice and after cisplatin in combination with herbal drug treatment

The aim of this study was to observe the morphological changes in spleen during Leishmania donovani infection and after cisplatin alone and cisplatin in combination with herbal drug treatment in BALB/c mice. Mice from different groups were sacrificed and spleen samples were obtained after 30 days post infection. The animals were grouped as normal/noninfected, infected, infected and cisplatin treated, infected and cisplatin+Withania somnifera treated and infected and cisplatin+Asparagus racemosus treated. The results showed expansion in the area of marginal zone, hyperplasia and amyloid deposits. However, cisplatin in combination with herbal drug treatment ameliorated the above mentioned changes.
Prevalence of fluorosis in some villages of Dungarpur District of Rajasthan

A Survey was made in fifteen villages of Dungarpur district of Rajasthan for the prevalence of dental and skeletal fluorosis in villagers and their domestic animals. Fluoride concentration (mean) in drinking waters of these villages varied between 1.7 to 6.1 mg/L. An overall 73.0 and 82.9 percent prevalence of dental fluorosis was observed in children (below 18 years age) and adults respectively. Cent percent prevalence of dental fluorosis in children and adults was observed at 5.2 and 3.8 mg/L fluoride concentration respectively. The prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in adults was 32.5 percent and the highest prevalence (60.8%) was observed at 6,1 mg/L fluoride concentration. Male subjects relatively showed higher prevalence of skeletal fluorosis. Out of 1521 cattle and 471 buffaloes, 1007 (66.2%) and 318 (67.5%) showed the evidence of dental fluorosis. Cent-percent prevalence of dental fluorosis in calves of both animal species was observed at the above 2.8 mg/L fluoride concentration. The highest prevalence of skeletal fluorosis, 61.6 percent in cattle and 66.6 percent in buffaloes has been observed at 6.0 mg/L fluoride concentration. Simultaneously, 1260 goats and 580 sheeps were also examined for the evidence of fluorosis but not a single case was detected.
What enables ethically conducted clinical research in hospitals? Views of the administrative staff

Background Administrative staff, including principal investigators, administrative managers, and elected officials, have a crucial role in ensuring the ethical conduct of the clinical research that occurs in their organisations. However, only few studies have focused on their perspectives. Aim This study describes the ethical aspects of clinical research from the perspectives of the administrative staff at university hospitals in Finland. Methods Qualitative data were collected with semi-structured face-to-face interviews (n = 31), and subjected to content analysis. Results Four core perspectives emerged: human subject autonomy and its acknowledgement in clinical practice, increased tension between the regulations and practice of clinical research, concerns about a changing research environment, and factors that promote ethical research conduct in hospitals. Conclusion Ethics always extends beyond the law. Therefore it is important to strengthen researchers’ ethical sensitivity through education. Furthermore, we should reinforce elements such as organisational culture, cooperation, and a workable research infrastructure that support good research ethics in hospitals.
Impact of deployment of “Stork Network” in hospitalizations in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Objective: to assess the impact of the deployment of “Stork Network” (Rede Cegonha) in hospitalizations in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Methods: a retrospective cross-sectional study with 283 medical records of newborns hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit before and after the implementation of Stork Network, correlating data from pregnant women with the babies’ conditions. Results: after the implementation of Stork Network, the percentage of pregnant women who performed six or more visits to the hospital increased 6.5% and the diagnosis of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy reduced 10.8%. It was also noted reduction of one week in the mean gestational age of babies and 14.4% reduction in the percentage of babies weighing ≥2500 grams. The number of deaths during hospitalization increased from 2.4% to 14.5%. Conclusion: the goal of performing screening and monitoring of risk pregnancies was reached, however, the reduction of neonatal mortality rate is still challenging.
The clouded debate: A systematic review of comparative longitudinal studies examining the impact of recreational cannabis legalization on key public health outcomes

Background Ineffective cannabis regulatory frameworks such as prohibition have sparked interest in alternative solutions to reduce individual and societal harms. While it has been suggested that the recreational legalization process has yielded early successes, the relatively recent implementation of the novel policies has provided a modest time frame for a truly thorough establishment and assessment of key population-level indicators. The following systematic review focuses on identifying the downstream public health sequelae of cannabis legalization policies, including parameters such as cannabis consumption rates, hospitalization rates, vehicular accidents and fatalities, criminal activity, and suicidal behaviors, as well as other substance use trends. Methods An exhaustive search of the MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases were performed to identify high-quality (1) longitudinal studies, which (2) compared key public health outcomes between regions which had and had not implemented recreational cannabis legalization (RML) policies, (3) using distinct databases and/or time frames. Thirty-two original research articles were retained for review. Results Adult past-month cannabis consumption (26+ years) seems to have significantly increased following RML, whereas young adult (18–26 years) and adolescent (12–17 years) populations do not show a significant rise in past-month cannabis use. RML shows preliminary trends in increasing service use (such as hospitalizations, emergency department visits, or poisonings) or vehicular traffic fatalities. Preliminary evidence suggests that RML is related to potential increases in serious/violent crimes, and heterogeneous effects on suicidal behaviors. While the research does not illustrate that RML is linked to changing consumptions patterns of cigarette, stimulant, or opioid use, alcohol use may be on the rise, and opioid prescribing patterns are shown to be significantly correlated with RML. Conclusion The current data supports the notion that RML is correlated with altered cannabis consumption in adults, potentially increased criminal activity, and a decline in opioid quantities and prescriptions provided to patients. Future work should address additional knowledge gaps for vulnerable populations, such as individuals with mental health problems or persons consuming cannabis frequently/at higher THC doses. The effects of varying legalization models should also be evaluated for their potentially differing impacts on population-level outcomes.
Criterios de Interpretación para California Mastitis Test en el Diagnóstico de Mastitis Subclínica en Bovinos INTERPRETATION CRITERIA FOR CALIFORNIA MASTITIS TEST IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS IN CATTLE

El estudio se realizo en el distrito de Tamburco (Abancay, Apurimac, Peru), con el objetivo de comparar la interpretacion de los resultados de la prueba «California Mastitis Test» (CMT) en el diagnostico de la mastitis subclinica en bovinos. Se trabajo con 209 vacas de una poblacion de 459 en ordeno manual, pertenecientes a 95 criadores, donde se evaluaron 828 cuartos mamarios funcionales, y se estimaron los principales criterios de interpretacion de la CMT. La prevalencia de mastitis subclinica fue de 72.3 y 65.6% en las vacas y de 48.7 y 42.3% en el total de cuartos mamarios, considerando y sin considerar trazas como positivos, respectivamente, y sin diferencia significativa. La prevalencia de mastitis subclinica en los cuartos mamarios individuales vario entre 48.3 a 49.3% y de 40.0 a 45.5%, segun el cuarto, considerando y sin considerar trazas, respectivamente (p<0.05). Se encontro una mayor intensidad de reaccion positiva en los grados de 1, 2 y 3 cruces y menor en el grado trazas. El indice de mastitis subclinica (IMSC) fue 1.30, y el indice de bajo riesgo - alto riesgo (I BR/AR) fue de 2.71. Se concluye que los criterios de interpretacion de la CMT para mastitis subclinica tienen similares significados, pero cada uno de ellos proporciona detalles particulares de la enfermedad; asimismo, los indicadores IMSC e I BR/AR proveen informacion util sobre la dinamica de la mastitis subclinica.
The Dissemination of Multiple Sclerosis

There are 60,000 people in Great Britain with multiple sclerosis, several times that number in the United States and perhaps 2 million worldwide. In each affected individual, performance is periodically interrupted in the complex network of myelinated axons and supporting glia? together constituting white matter within the central nervous system? by inflammatory mediators which penetrate the blood brain barrier. The solution to multiple sclerosis lies in understanding the epidemiological and biological factors that determine the geographical and anatomical dissemination of this difficult disease.
Novel methods of disease surveillance in wildlife

Both infectious and noninfectious disease agents in wildlife impact human health and accurate research, monitoring, and diagnostic methods are necessary. The objectives of the research reported here were to develop and implement novel methods for bacterial and toxicological disease agent surveillance in wildlife. This dissertation begins with a review of tularemia, an important zoonotic disease to the state of Alaska and the Northern hemisphere. In chapter two, I show the development and implementation of broad-based PCR and quantitative PCR [qPCR) surveillance methods for bacterial DNA in tissue samples; 1298 tissue samples were assayed, numerous potential bacterial pathogens were identified and qPCR detection limits were quantified for various tissue matrices. Chapter three describes an investigation into microbial infection as a source of embryo mortality in greater white-fronted geese [Anser albifrons) in Arctic Alaska. This chapter builds upon our previously developed PCR surveillance techniques by which I demonstrated that bacterial infection is responsible for some greater white-fronted goose embryo mortality in Arctic Alaska. Chapter four describes the development and validation of a cellulose filter paper method for quantifying total mercury in whole blood. I determined that filter paper technology is useful for monitoring total mercury in whole blood, with excellent recoveries [82 95% of expected values) and R2 values [0.95 0.97) when regressed against the concentration of total mercury in whole blood, the technique generally considered as the "gold standard" for mercury detection. These methods will aid in the accurate detection of disease agents in wildlife as demonstrated by our white-fronted goose work.
Improvement of stress adaptation and insulin resistance in women with GDM by WeChat group management during novel coronavirus pneumonia

Aim To evaluate the improvement of glycemic control and stress adaptation in patients with GDM by mobile phone WeChat management during novel coronavirus pneumonia. Methods In this study, 75 women with GDM were included, of whom 35 were included in mobile WeChat group management as the GDM-M group and 40 as the GDM group. Results After mobile WeChat group management for 4 weeks, E and NE were lower. MDA was lower, and SOD was higher. HOMA-IR was lower. E, NE, and cortisol were related to HOMA-IR positively, MDA was positively related to HOMA-IR, and SOD was negatively related to HOMA-IR. E and cortisol were positively related to MDA but negatively related to SOD. Conclusion The stress adaptation disorder and insulin resistance in patients with GDM who have completed mobile WeChat group management can be improved during novel coronavirus pneumonia. Mobile WeChat management played a positive role in improving the insulin resistance of women with GDM under special circumstances, which may reduce the risk of maternal and fetal complications.