Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TSHN: A Trajectory Similarity Hybrid Networks for Dummy Trajectory Identification

Nowadays, people pay more and more attention to privacy protection with the continuous occurrence of data breaches. In location-based services, dummy trajectory generation is a popular location privacy protection method. However, this method is used by some malicious users for benefits, which results in economic losses and the waste of resources of the locationbased services provider. For this problem, dummy trajectory identification has been proposed by researchers. Nevertheless, with the continuous development of dummy trajectory generation algorithms, the existing dummy trajectory identification methods are unsuitable. In this paper, we propose a hybrid neural network framework for dummy trajectory identification, called trajectory similarity hybrid networks (TSHN). The main idea of TSHN is to identify whether a target trajectory is a virtual trajectory according to the similarity score between historical trajectories and the target trajectory. For each historical trajectory of the user, the mobility and individual features are extracted to train TSHN. The trajectory similarity score generated by the TSHN is used to identify dummy trajectories. The experimental results show that our proposed TSHN can identify the dummy trajectory with an accuracy of 0.97, which significantly outperforms the existing dummy trajectory identification methods.
A sociocultural framework for exploring pre-service teacher dispositions: the role of experience and situation (Un enfoque sociocultural para el estudio de las tendencias de los profesores en prácticas: el papel de la experiencia y la situación)

ABSTRACT Teacher dispositions are important to teacher education. Although research recognizes the importance of context and experience in shaping pre-service teachers’ dispositions, the relationship between them and dispositions needs to be conceptualized and elucidated. This paper draws on Vygotsky’s concept of perezhivanie to develop an integrative framework for analysing the development of teachers’ dispositions within social situations. It illustrates the value of this framework by showing how pre-service teachers’ dispositions have been changing in relation to different contexts of practical teaching experience. Data included individual interviews, reflection journals and teaching resources from 11 pre-service teachers during two practicums. The detailed cases of two pre-service teachers are used to illustrate how the main elements of their dispositions — sensitivity, agency and inclination — are mediated by their perezhivanie and interact with each other and specific social situations.
Demonstration of a silicon field‐effect transistor using AlN as the gate dielectric

As a precursor to cointegration of blue and ultraviolet light emitting nitrides with silicon microelectronics, an AlN on Si(111) metal‐insulator‐semiconductor field effect transistor has been fabricated and characterized. Current–voltage data show the threshold voltage and transconductance to be −0.8 V and 6 ms/mm, respectively, for a 50 nm insulator thickness. The ideal threshold voltage is 0.09 V. From the transconductance, a channel mobility of 45 cm2/V s is inferred. Capacitance versus voltage (C–V) measurements on a 210 nm film showed a flatband voltage of −4.2 V, corresponding to 8×1011 cm−2 trapped charges at the interface. Comparison of the experimental high‐frequency (1 MHz) C–V plot to the theoretical plot indicates the presence of fast interface states. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy studies showed the AlN/Si(111) interface to be surprisingly well ordered in places, with the large lattice mismatch accommodated via a quasiperiodic array of misfit dislocations.
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted Communications Using Dynamic Rotations

In this paper, we propose a rotatable reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted system to enhance the transmission quality of wireless communications. The RIS is able to rotate for maximizing the cascaded channel gain dynamically. In particular, we first introduce a continuous-time propagation model for the rotatable RIS-aided communication system. Then, a rotation angle optimization problem is formulated and solved, which boosts the channel gain of the cascaded link. Besides, we derive the expression of the spectral efficiency for the proposed system. Numerical evaluations reveal that the dynamic rotation strategy can not only enhance spectral efficiency and reduce delay spread but is still effective when rotation errors exist.
Optimal and Efficient Repeated-Measurements Designs for Uncorrelated Observations

Abstract In repeated measurements (crossover or changeover) designs, experimental subjects (units) are repeatedly exposed to treatments. Effects of treatments from one period that extend into the next are called carryover, or residual, effects. In exact design theory, designs that are universally optimal in the presence of carryover effects have been found when a subject's responses are uncorrelated. However, the results are valid only for restricted values of t, the number of treatments, p, the number of periods, and N, the number of subjects. In other optimality results, the competing class of designs is a subset of the full class of repeated-measurements designs. These restrictions hinder applicability. In the setting of approximate design theory, Kushner (1997b) developed a new approach, valid even for correlated responses. Here the results are specialized to the case of uncorrelated responses. Linear equations are given that determine all universally (or A- and D-) optimal repeated-measurements desig.
BETA-UAV: Blockchain-based Efficient and Trusted Authentication for UAV Communication

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), an emerging architecture that embodies flying ad-hoc networks, face critical privacy and security challenges, mainly when engaged in data-sensitive missions. Therefore, message authentication is a crucial security feature for drone communication. This paper presents a Blockchain-based Efficient, and Trusted Authentication scheme for UAV communication BETA-UAV, which exploits the inherent properties of blockchain technology concerning memorability and immutable to record communication sessions via transaction using a smart contract. The smart contract in BETA-UAV allows participants to publish and call transactions from the blockchain network. Furthermore, the transaction addresses are proof of freshness and trustworthiness for subsequent transmissions. Furthermore, we investigate the ability to resist active attacks, e.g., impersonation, replaying, and modification. In addition, we evaluate the gas costs associated with the smart contract's functions by implementing BETA-UAV on the Ethereum public blockchain. Comparing computation and communication over-heads shows that the proposed approach can save significant costs over traditional techniques.
CHARGE PUDDLES AND EDGE EFFECT IN A GRAPHENE DEVICE AS STUDIED BY A SCANNING GATE MICROSCOPE

Despite the recent progress in understanding the geometric structures of defects and edges in a graphene device (GD), how such defects and edges affect the transport properties of the device have not been clearly defined. In this study, the surface geometric structure of a GD was observed with an atomic force microscope (AFM) and the spatial variation of the transport current by the gating tip was measured with scanning gate microscopy (SGM). It was found that geometric corrugations, defects and edges directly influence the transport current. This observation is linked directly with a proposed scattering model based on macroscopic transport measurements.
Impact of a Video-Based Educational Intervention on the Levels of Knowledge and Concerns about COVID-19 Vaccination

Background. The hesitancy to receive the COVID-19 vaccine plays a role in delaying the current global and national COVID-19 management strategies. Evidence has highlighted the importance of examining the public’s concerns and knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines in sustaining public prevention of the further spread of the virus worldwide. This study aimed to assess the impact of a video-based educational session on the Saudi public’s levels of knowledge and concerns about the COVID-19 vaccination. Methods. In a double-blind, randomized posttest-only control group study design, 508 Saudis were randomized to an experimental group (n = 253) and a control group (n = 255). The experimental group was exposed to a video-based educational session, while the control group was not. Then both groups were subjected to a validated questionnaire to assess their level of knowledge and concerns about the vaccine. Results. In comparison to the control group, the experimental group showed a significantly lower proportion of overall high concern (0.4% vs. 5.5%, p < 0.001) and a higher proportion of overall good knowledge (74.2% vs. 55.7%, p < 0.001). After adjustment for possible confounders, the experimental group showed a significantly lower percent mean score of overall concern (45.0% vs. 65.0%, p < 0.001) and a higher percent mean score of overall knowledge (74.2% vs. 55.7%, p < 0.001) than the control group. Conclusions. The video-based educational intervention positively impacted the levels of knowledge and concerns about COVID-19 vaccination among the experimental group. These interventions safeguard against the rumors and misconceptions about COVID-19 vaccinations. Further studies on the impacts of such interventions on vaccine uptake are recommended.
Secure Beamforming for Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted MISO Wireless Communications

This paper provides a method to provide physical layer security (PLS) between the source and the authorised user in the event that a direct line-of-sight (LoS) path is not feasible by using an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS). A new beamforming solution is proposed that can offer maximum gain at the intended user without any information leakage to eavesdropper when multiple-antenna base station (BS) with single antenna at legitimate user and eavesdropper (i.e., multiple-input-single-output, or MISO) is taken into consideration. In the absence of LoS, the proposed IRS-assisted approach can establish a communication link between the BS and the authorised user by combining maximum ratio transmission (MRT) with traditional zero-forcing (ZF) beamforming. The suggested approach is compared to other beamforming methods like MRT and traditional ZF in terms of performance metrics like channel capacity and secrecy capacity for the Rayleigh dispersed channel. The proposed approach outperforms the other techniques, it is concluded. In the end, the performance of secrecy is also examined in relation to many parameters, such as IRS elements or transmit antennas, and it is concluded that the provided method exhibits the most suitable performance.
Impact of Factors That Predict Adoption of Geomonitoring Systems for Landslide Management

Monitoring hazardous phenomena is a fundamental requirement of disaster risk management. Using new geomatic technologies integrated into complex geo information systems represents an innovative method of strengthening collaboration between stakeholder groups that aim at reducing the risk of disasters. This paper aimed to investigate the factors of adapting a geomonitoring information system for landslides in the cross-border area of Hungary, Slovakia, Ukraine, and Romania; the analysis was carried out in the case of the cross-border project, GeoSES. This study developed and empirically tested a novel UTAUT model based on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. PL-SEM (partial least-squares structural equation modeling) was used to test the model’s hypotheses. The data were collected by employing an online questionnaire on a target group of beneficiaries of the GeoSES project, in which the geomonitoring information system was proposed as an innovative solution to landslide management and disaster risk reduction. This study’s importance and added value reside in the theoretical and practical implications of the proposed model for predicting the beneficiaries’ adaptation of the landslide monitoring system. The results have shown that the GeoSES project beneficiaries coming from four neighboring nations are willing to utilize the integrated monitoring systems, which is one of the strengths of the collaborative efforts focused on mitigating risks and managing disasters in this region.
Coexistence of ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism in BiFeO3–BaTiO3 thin films at room temperature

(Bi0.7Ba0.3) (Fe0.7Ti0.3)O3 films have been constructed on Nb-doped SrTiO3 (100) by the pulsed-laser deposition technique, and their physical properties have been examined. The films exhibit both ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism (weak ferromagnetism) with Pr=2.5 μC/cm2 and Mr=0.2 emu/g at room temperature. The film-thickness dependence of their magnetic and electric properties (size effect) is also discussed simultaneously. The dielectric constants of the films decrease with reducing film thickness below 1000 A. The magnetic Curie temperature of the films, on the other hand, does not change at all down to 250 A.
Melanoma Boundaries Detection Techniques using Artificial Intelligence

Melanoma is the 6th most successive disease in the United States, with more than 9000 individuals kicking the bucket every year. Fast acknowledgment of melanoma expands an individual's life expectancy, but further developed analytic advancements are as yet required. Skin injury limit anomaly, which addresses the "B" includes in the "ABCD rule", is viewed as a critical clinical component for the early discovery of melanoma. What's more, blue-white line structure evacuation additionally further develops the identification proficiency. In this paper, an AI based location method for distinguishing skin injury limit inconsistencies is presented. The technique involves extricating the skin injury from the dermoscopic images, recognizing the skin sore line, estimating line inconsistency, and prepared famous directed learning models called SVM, RF, DT, and gathering move learning calculations to distinguish line anomaly naturally, bringing about a true choice on whether the skin sore boundary is customary or unpredictable. The method produces excellent results, with 92.6 percent accuracy, 91.3 percent sensitivity, 92.5 percent specificity, and 95.1 percent F-Score, respectively.
The Impact of Nutrition and Oral Function Exercise on among Community-Dwelling Older People

Oral function (OF) decline in older people is associated with nutritional deficiencies, which increases frailty risk and the need for nursing care. We investigated whether the delivery of an oral function improvement program on a tablet device was as effective as delivery through a paper-based program. We also investigated the association between tongue pressure (TP) improvement and nutritional status at the baseline. The participants involved in the study were 26 community-dwelling older people with low TP, <30 kPa, aged ≥65 years, who were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial for a month in Itoshima City, Fukuoka, Japan. Oral and physical functions and body composition were measured at the baseline and at follow-up. Two-way analysis of variance revealed that body mass index (p = 0.004) increased, and maximum masticatory performance (p = 0.010), maximum TP (p = 0.035), and oral diadochokinesis /pa/ and /ka/ (p = 0.009 and 0.017, respectively) improved in a month. Participants with higher TP improvement showed an increased intake of animal proteins at the baseline: fish (p = 0.022), meat (p = 0.029), and egg (p = 0.009). OF exercises for improving TP were associated with higher animal protein intake at the baseline. This study has been registered with the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN 000050292).
The Large-Scale Environments of the Global Populations of Mesoscale Convective Complexes

Abstract The mean genesis environment was constructed for each of five mesoscale convective complex (MCC) population centers around the world: Africa, Australia, China, South America, and the United States. It is found that the environments are very similar and exhibit many of the same dynamic and thermodynamic structures that are present with systems in the United States. In particular, MCCs initiate within prominent baroclinic zones characterized by locally large values of lower-tropospheric vertical wind shear and convective available potential energy (CAPE). Typically, a low-level jet of air with low static stability, high equivalent potential temperature, oriented nearly perpendicular to the baroclinic zone, intrudes into the genesis region and is forced to ascend over a relatively shallow, surface-based layer of relatively cool air. Pronounced warm advection accompanied by strong lower-tropospheric veering overlays the surface-based cool layer. A local maximum in absolute humidity and a local minimu.
Sourdough Fermentation Improves the Antioxidant, Antihypertensive, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Triticum dicoccum

The fermentation process has been widely used to improve plant-based foods’ nutritional and nutraceutical properties. This study aimed to investigate and compare the impact of sourdough fermentation on the bioactive content and profile, antioxidant and antihypertensive activities, as well as the anti-inflammatory properties of fermented (FS) and non-fermented (NFS) flour from Tuscan Triticum dicoccum wheat (spelt) on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-inflamed human intestinal epithelial cells (HT-29). FS showed significantly higher total phenolic and flavonoid content, in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant activities, and ACE-inhibitory activities than NFS. Gallic acid was identified by HPLC-DAD as the most representative polyphenol, followed by rutin, trans-ferulic acid, iso-quercitrin, and quercetin, in the fermented spelt sample. Instead, rutin and gallic acid were identified as the predominant compounds in the non-fermented ones. Moreover, FS exhibited a better protective effect on inflamed HT-29 cells by significantly counteracting the TNFα-induced alterations, lowering the expression of IL-8, COX-2, and ICAM-1 inflammatory mediator while enhancing antioxidant enzyme HO-1 gene expression. In conclusion, sourdough fermentation positively affected the nutraceutical and functional properties of spelt, which may represent a valuable ingredient for the formulation of functional foods and a key product for managing hypertension and inflammatory intestinal diseases.
On the instability leading to rip currents due to wave–current interaction

We examine the instability leading to depth-averaged circulations, which are related to rip currents in the surf zone, due to wave–current interactions. Our intention is to clarify some issues which are critical to the determination of instability properties, as yet unresolved from previous studies. Those issues are also of interest for hydrodynamic instability problems in general. Attention is restricted to normally incident waves and the region inside, and just offshore of, the surf zone where linearized shallow-water waves are applied. The coupling of waves and circulations is modelled using the concept of wave radiation stresses and the classical ray theory. The instability properties, in terms of the neutral modes, the most unstable mode and the corresponding maximum growth rate, are examined in the domain of parameters which represent the effects of offshore wave height and bottom friction dissipation. Comparisons with observations of natural rip currents are made, and qualitative agreements are achieved.
A cross‐linguistic contrast in consonant and vowel timing

Two opposing explanations of the timing of consonants and vowels are that (1) they are timed relative to each other, or (2) vowels are produced in a continuous rhythm with consonants superimposed on them [Fowler, J. Exp. Psychol. 112, 386–412 (1983)]. Languages with different temporal properties, such as Japanese, a mora‐timed language, and Italian, a syllable‐timed language, might be expected to exemplify these different relationships. Speakers of each of these languages were recorded producing pairs of disyllabic words with medial consonants of contrasting length (single or geminate). Evidence from measures of acoustic duration and vowel‐to‐vowel coarticulation, shown by contextual changes in F2, suggest that Fowler's model (2) predicts the timing patterns found in Italian, while the other model (1) predicts the behavior of Japanese. [Work supported by NSF. ]
Evolutionary population synthesis in stellar systems. I. A global approach

A new grid of 450 theoretical models for old simple stellar populations is presented. Evolutionary synthesis explores the influence of relevant parameters such as age, chemical composition, initial mass function, and stellar mass loss, on the integrated spectral energy distribution. Ages range between 4 and 18 Gyr, and the metallicity Z ranges from 0.0001 to 0.03, with helium content Y = 0.23 and 0.25, respectively. Three values are considered for the initial mass function, assumed as a power law, N(M) proportional to M exp-s; s = 1.35, 2.35, and 3.35. The computational code takes into account in a quantitative way the contributions from all the relevant stellar evolutionary phases according to the theory of the stellar evolution. Thus, late stage in the life of low- mass stars, such as the horizontal branch and the asymptotic and postasymptotic giant branches are accounted for. Furthermore, a simplified treatment for the evolution of the horizontal branch is developed, and the influence of different morphologies are investigated. 109 refs.
A novel hybrid face mask detection approach using Transformer and convolutional neural network models

Face and face mask detection are one of the most popular topics in computer vision literature. Face mask detection refers to the detection of people’s faces in digital images and determining whether they are wearing a face mask. It can be of great benefit in different domains by ensuring public safety through the monitoring of face masks. Current research details a range of proposed face mask detection models, but most of them are mainly based on convolutional neural network models. These models have some drawbacks, such as their not being robust enough for low quality images and their being unable to capture long-range dependencies. These shortcomings can be overcome using transformer neural networks. Transformer is a type of deep learning that is based on the self-attention mechanism, and its strong capabilities have attracted the attention of computer vision researchers who apply this advanced neural network architecture to visual data as it can handle long-range dependencies between input sequence elements. In this study, we developed an automatic hybrid face mask detection model that is a combination of a transformer neural network and a convolutional neural network models which can be used to detect and determine whether people are wearing face masks. The proposed hybrid model’s performance was evaluated and compared to other state-of-the-art face mask detection models, and the experimental results proved the proposed model’s ability to achieve a highest average precision of 89.4% with an execution time of 2.8 s. Thus, the proposed hybrid model is fit for a practical, real-time trial and can contribute towards public healthcare in terms of infectious disease control.
A new thermodynamic function for phase‐splitting at constant temperature, moles, and volume

We introduce a new thermodynamic function for phase-split computations at constant temperature, moles, and volume. The new volume function Fi introduced in this work is a natural choice under these conditions. Phase equilibrium conditions in terms of the volume functions are derived using the Helmholtz free energy. We present a numerical algorithm to investigate two-phase equilibrium based on the fixed point iteration and Newton method. We demonstrate usefulness and powerful features of the new thermodynamic function for a number of examples in two-phase equilibrium calculations. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011