Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Establishment and Phenology of the Parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in New Zealand

Environ Entomol. 27(6): 1386-1392 (1998) The South American weevil Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of New Zealand's worst pasture pests causing between NZ$78-251 million damage per year. Accordingly, the South American parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Euphorinae) was released at Lincoln, Canterbury, in 1991 as a biological control agent for L. bonariensis. M h yperodae was first recovered from the field in January 1992 although noticeable population growth did not occur until a year later after which rates of parasitism increased very rapidly, although these rates declined over time. Under field conditions, M. hyperodae completed 3 generations per year after postdiapause development in September. Peak numbers of eggs occurred in late December, early March, and mid-May, respectively; the 3rd generation was much smaller than the first 2. A notable decline in percent parasitism between the 1st and 2nd generations (mid-December and mid-February each year) was related to a large influx of 1 st summer generation adult weevils during an intergenerational absence of adult parasitoids. Second parasitoid generation infection rates of the weevils were very high (>90%) by early March but soon declined as protracted autumnal (April-May) emergence of weevils, combined with immigration from surrounding uncolonized areas, increased the proportion of unparasitized weevils. The small 3rd generation of M. hyperodae may be important for parasitizing these late emerging weevils. Host and parasitoid phenology conformed approximately to an existing phenological model. Analysis of field data indicated that the day-degree requirements of M hyperodae egg and 1st, 2nd, 3rd,, and 4th larval stages above a threshold of 10.2°C were 14, 154, 28, 19, and 11, respectively.
Quasi-periodic oscillations in the Z source GX 5-1

A detailed study of the time variability in the Z source GX 5-1 using Ginga is presented. The source was observed in the horizontal branch (HB) and in the normal branch (NB). Our five-day observations provide the most extensive continuous data set obtained to date. Intensity-dependent high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPO) (∼13-48 Hz) were observed in the HB in which the source flux varied by a factor of 1.9. At the low-intensity end of the hardness-intensity diagram, the HB shows an upward bend which is very strong in the colour-colour diagram (CCD). This bend forms essentially a new spectral branch, giving the CCD the shape of an S since there is no flaring branch in GX 5-1. The QPO frequency in this portion of the HB ranges from ∼13 to 17 Hz which is lower than previously observed in any Z source
Cooperative Societies and Households Poverty Reduction Nexus: A Study of Minna Metropolis, Niger State, Nigeria

Poverty is one of the major challenges facing the world, most especially, the third world. Government of nations have continuously come up with different economic and social policies or programmes in other to reduce the level of poverty in their countries, Nigeria inclusive. Despite these efforts, the rate of poverty World over is still alarming and on the increase. It has been acknowledged that cooperative societies have been playing a vital role in economic development most especially at medium and micro level. Using a set of co-operative society’s member’s data generated from the administration of structured questionnaire to 500 members of a cooperative, in Minna metropolis, the study examines the role of cooperative societies on poverty reduction in Minna metropolis, Niger State, Nigeria. Therefore, this paper investigates the impact of cooperative societies on household’s poverty reduction in Minna metropolis, Niger State, Nigeria, using Structural Equation Modelling approach (SEM/AMOS). The results obtained shows that cooperative society has significantly improved the living standard of its members in the study area, thus, fulfilling our a priori expectation that cooperative society has positive impact on household’s poverty reduction in the study area. This study therefore recommends the use of policy measures that would continue to make cooperative societies relevant to household’s poverty reduction in Minna metropolis, Niger State, Nigeria in particular and the world in general. Keywords: Cooperative Societies, Households, Poverty Reduction, Niger State, Nigeria, Structural Equation Modelling Approach (AMOS).
Neural-ILT: Migrating ILT to Neural Networks for Mask Printability and Complexity Co-optimization

Optical proximity correction (OPC) for advanced technology node now has become extremely expensive and challenging. Conventional model-based OPC encounters performance degradation and large process variation, while aggressive approach such as inverse lithography technology (ILT) suffers from large computational overhead for both mask optimization and mask writing processes. In this paper, we developed Neural-ILT, an end-to-end learning-based OPC framework, which literally conducts mask prediction and ILT correction for a given layout in a single neural network, with the objectives of (1) mask printability enhancement, (2) mask complexity optimization and (3) flow acceleration. Quantitative results show that, comparing to the state-of-the-art (SOTA) learning-based OPC solution and conventional ILT flow, Neural-ILT can achieve 30× ∼ 70× turn around time (TAT) speedup with lower mask complexity and comparable mask printability. We believe this work could arouse the interests of bridging well-developed deep learning toolkits to GPU-based high-performance lithographic computations to achieve groundbreaking performance boosting on various computational lithography-related tasks.
Seed burial in eelgrass Zostera marina: the role of infauna

Seed burial is a vital process that influences smalland large-scale plant population patterns and is frequently mediated by soil-dwelling invertebrates. Despite its importance in terrestrial systems, very little is known about seed burial in seagrasses. The goal of this work was to determine the role that benthic infauna play in the burial of Zostera marina seeds. Mesocosm experiments studying seed burial depth, seed burial rate, and particle burial and redistribution using beads, were conducted in defaunated sediment cores populated with single specimens of infauna with different modes of feeding and thus bioturbation effects: Amphitrite ornata (downward conveyor deposit feeder), Clymenella torquata and Pectinaria gouldi (upward conveyor deposit feeders), and Neanthes succinea (gallery biodiffuser). Seeds and beads in animal cores were significantly more likely to be buried than seeds in control cores in each experiment, although burial depths and rates varied by species. N. succinea and P. gouldi showed the most dramatic burial. N. succinea also showed evidence for actively burying seeds. Seed burial depths for A. ornata, C. torquata, and P. gouldi related well to individual bioturbation rates for those species. These results indicate that Z. marina seed burial is facilitated by infaunal bioturbation. Further, individual species have a different impact on burial patterns, and burial is rapid and occurs within days. Seed burial by infaunal bioturbation is relevant to seed survival by providing escape from predation, retention in suitable settlement sites, and movement to a sediment depth suitable for germination.
Hepatitis B In Patients With Thalassemia Major In Tikrit Teaching Hospital

Thalassemia is hereditary disease which have a significant risk of contracting of blood – born infections like hepatitis and HIV through the regular episodes of blood transfusions. This study was conducted to evaluate patients with thalassemia and to find out the percentage of hepatitis B infected patients. It was a cross sectional study done in Tikrit Teaching Hospital involved all thalassemia patients , (50) patients. The percentage of hepatitis B among these patients was (10%). Among the seropositive patients, males and females comprised (10%) for each. Patients from urban area were (9.1%) , while those from rural areas were (11.8%). The percentage of non-vaccinated patients with seropositive hepatitis B was (14.3%) compared to the non-vaccinated (6.9%). It was found that when the blood transfusion amount increases the risk of acquiring hepatitis also increases. There were (18.2%) of patients with abnormal liver function test had seropositivity for hepatitis B, and (3.6%) of the same group had normal function test. It was revealed that (16.7%) of the seropositive patients had undergone splenectomy. It is concluded that hepatitis is still a risk among thalassemic patients attending thalassemia center in Tikrit Teaching Hospital. Therefore it is recommended to ensure a good vaccination for all patients and a regular screening about this infection and to conduct a broader study involving many centers across the country.
EXTERNAL BRAIN FORM AND CRANIAL NERVES OF THE MEGAMOUTH SHARK, MEGACHASMA PELAGIOS

The external brain form and cranial nerves of the megamouth shark, Megachasma pelagios, were studied morphologically. The brain of a mature female specimen, 5.44 m long and 1040 kg in weight, was examined. The brain is small, weighing 19.8 gm, and is positioned caudally in an extremely large cranial cavity. The length between the rostral end of the telencephalon and the caudal end of the medulla oblongata is 97 mm. The olfactory bulbs and the telencephalon are well developed, and the inferior lobe is rather small. The optic tectum is medium in size. The corpus cerebelli is proportionally small, whereas the auricle is large. The medulla oblongata is so widely everted that the visceral afferent, visceral efferent, and somatic efferent columns, as well as the sulci between them, are clearly visible in the rhomboid fossa. Terminal nerves were not found. The olfactory tracts and cranial nerves course for long distances within the expanded cranial cavity. Allometry of the brain size and the functional importance of the crainal nerves in this rare species are discussed in comparison with those of other cartilaginous fishes.
Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance of Aeromonas spp. Isolated from Diseased Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)

A total of 300 bacterial isolates of Aeromonas spp. were isolated from diseased Red Hybrid Tilapia, Oreochromis sp. All the bacterial isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility against 16 types of antibiotics by using disk diffusion method. The antibiotics tested in this study were nalidixic acid (30 µg/disk), oxolinic acid (2 µg/disk), compound sulphonamides (300 µg/disk), doxycycline (30 µg/disk), tetracycline (30 µg/disk), novobiocin (30 µg/disk), chloramphenicol (30 µg/disk), kanamycin (30 µg/disk), sulphamethoxazole (25 µg/disk), flumequine (30 µg/disk), erythromycin (15 µg/disk), ampicillin (10 µg/disk), spiramycin (100 µg/disk), oxytetracycline (30 µg/disk), amoxycillin (25 µg/disk) and fosfomycin (50 µg/disk). Heavy metal resistance pattern of the present bacterial isolates against mercury (Hg 2+ ), chromium (Cr 6+ ), copper (Cu 2+ ) and Zinc (Zn 2+ ) was also determined by using two fold agar dilution method. The results of the present study showed the percentage of antibiotic sensitivity of the present bacterial isolates ranged from 22.5% to 100% in which most of the present bacteria isolates were not sensitive to ampicillin. On the other hand, all the bacteria isolates were sensitive to nalidixic acid, flumequine and oxytetracycline. Overall, the total of sensitive case was reported as 75.5%, whereas antibiotic resistance and intermediate sensitive case was recorded as 19.0% and 5.5%, respectively. Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) value was recorded at 0.01. The MAR value indicated that the sampled fish were not highly exposed to the tested antibiotics. Low resistance activity of the present bacterial isolates to the tested heavy metals (Cr 6+ : 35.8%, Zn 2+ : 5.5%, Cu 2+ : 25% and Hg 2+ : 30%) revealed that low exposure of the tested heavy metals to the sampled fish.
Interspecific association in ungulates of the Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia

The aim of the study was to determine the frequencies of interspecific association formation and species preferences among five ungulates [bohor reedbuck (Redunca redunca), common warthog (Phacochoerus africanus), grey duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia), Menelik’s bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus meneliki) and mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni)] in the northern Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia. Data were collected in three forest patches and in open grassland using total count technique in 2009 and 2011. The total number of ungulate groups found in interspecific associations was 444, comprising 26.8% of the total 1657 groups recorded. For the five study species, the relative frequency with which a given species occurred in interspecific association deviated significantly from the expected mean relative frequency (i.e. 26.8%). Each study species showed preferences to form interspecific associations with one or two other species. Interspecific association formation increased mean group sizes for bohor reedbuck and mountain nyala. And most of the species had greater overall mean group sizes in the open habitat compared to forest habitat. In general, the association pattern reported here could be attributed to antipredator response and/or mutual grazing facilitation, which might be beneficial to one or all of the species involved.
HEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL PROFILING OF A BURROWING CRAB EXPOSED TO POLYSTYRENE MICROPLASTIC CONTAMINANT

The study evaluated the effect of polystyrene microplastic contaminant on hemato-biochemical parameters of Cardiosoma guanhumi from the mangrove area of Lagos Lagoon using standard methods. Total Haemocyte Count (THC) ranged between 3050.00±0.00 mL and 4200.00 ±0.05 mL with control crabs having the highest value of 4200.00±0.05 mL. There was significant difference between the treatment groups and the control (p<0.05). Hemocyte sub-population variables showed that crabs fed the control and 0.01g polystyrene microplastic diets had higher granulocyte and monocyte populations but a decrease in agranulocytes. The crabs fed with the polystyrene microplastic contaminated diets were significantly higher in serum protein (32.50±0.05-32.90±0.10 gL-1) than the crab fed with control diet (20.09±0.05 gL-1). Crabs fed 0.01g and 0.02g polystyrene microplastic based diets recorded the same aspartate aminotransferase mean value (19.30 µI-1) which was significantly higher than the mean value (11.50 µI-1) recorded in crabs fed control diet. Crab fed 0.01g polystyrene microplastic based diet recorded most of the highest values for biochemical parameters: Alanine aminotransferase (13.00±0.05 µI-1), alkaline phosphatase (113.70±0.10 µI-1), lactate dehydrogenase (148.60±0.05 µI-1) and urea (40.41 ±0.15 µI-1). The changes in the crabs’ hematological and serum biochemical profiles in this study provide reliable and discriminatory data on the effect of microplastic contaminant calling for long-term monitoring to assess the eco-health of the mangrove system.
A Study on the Cross-Linking Reaction of Myosin in Kamaboko "Suwari" Gels.

The effect of water soluble proteins of hoki surimi on suwari was investigated, and the following results were obtained. 1. The water soluble protein component in the surimi catalyzed the reaction of the cross-linking of myosin heavy chain and formation of suwari kamaboko gel. 2. Ca ion was essential for the cross-linking reaction of myosin heavy chain and formation of suwari kamaboko gel. 3. Formation of e-(γ-glutamyl)-lysine was found in suwari kamaboko gel. These results reinforced the possibility that suwari reaction may involve an enzymatic process catalyzing by transglutaminase.
Quantitative Development of Brain and Brain Structures in Birds (Galliformes and Passeriformes) Compared to that in Mammals (Insectivores and Primates) (Part 2 of 2)

The brain weight and brain structure volumes of galliform and passeriform birds were calculated and related to body weight. The total brains and 14 brain regions were investigated in order to calculate factors by which these structures in passeriforms exceed those in galliforms in size. The larger passeriform brains have larger telencephala, especially ventral hyperstriata and neostriata. The enlargement of total brain and telencephalon resembles that in primates, compared to insectivores, within mammals. The enlargement of the ventral hyperstriata + neostriata in passeriforms is fundamentally similar to that of the isocortex in mammals: it reflects an expansion of multimodal integrational capacities, as the ventral hyperstriatum and neostriatum are occupied exclusively or primarily by multimodal integrational areas as is the isocortex.
Dissémination de la résistance aux antibiotiques : le génie génétique à l'oeuvre chez les bactéries

L'emergence de la resistance bacterienne a de multiples antibiotiques nous conduit a parler de la «fin du miracle». Plusieurs mecanismes de resistance ont ete decrits parmi lesquels on trouve la degradation enzymatique des antibiotiques, l'alteration des cibles auxquelles se lient les antibiotiques et l'expulsion de l'antibiotique par la bacterie. L'accumulation de mutations ponctuelles peut alterer de facon significative l'enzyme ou sa cible : des β-lactamases (enzymes degradant les penicillines), mutees, peuvent desormais hydrolyser des cephalosporines de troisieme generation. Les genes de resistance, s'ils provenaient vraisemblablement autrefois des bacteries productrices d'antibiotiques, ont pu etre acquis, plus recemment, par transfert horizontal par les bacteries pathogenes. Les transposons peuvent comporter des sequences de genes de resistance, voire coder pour toute une voie metabolique entrainant la resistance. Recemment, on a decrit des elements d'ADN, les integrons, dans lesquels les genes de resistance existent sous la forme de cassettes mobiles qui sont rearrangees par une sorte de genie genetique naturel et forment des operons de resistance fortement exprimes.
A study of the climatic system in the Barents Sea

The climatic conditions in the Barents Sea are mainly determined by the influx of Atlantic Water. A homogeneous wind-driven numerical current model was used to calculate the fluctuations in the volume flux of Atlantic Water to the Barents Sea which are caused by local wind forcing. The study period is from 1970 to 86. When compared with observed variations in temperature, ice coverage, and air pressure, the results show remarkably good agreement between all three parameters. The climate system of the Barents Sea is discussed with emphasis on the interrelations and feedback mechanisms between air, sea, and ice.
GUDALI CATTLE OF WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA

The objective of this paper was to compile the available information in the conventional and non-conventional literature on the origin, distribution, ecological settings, utility, husbandry practices and production systems of the Gudali, a West and Central African shorthorned zebu which is similar in conformation, size and origin to the East African shorthorned zebu. These animals are reputed not only for their beef and dairy qualities. but also for their hardiness to the harsh northerly environments. Under the prevailing circumstances in the pastoral systems, natural selection is the primary force affecting any genetic change and, as a result, animals tend to perform relatively poorly. Most of the documented studies have been limited in scope and applicability. Therefore, further studies are needed to adequately characterize these animals under their different production systems.
Towards an Understanding of the Potential Hydrologic Impacts of Mountain Pine Beetle in Interior British

The magnitude of the current mountain pine beetle (MPB) outbreak in British Columbia’s interior pine forests is the largest on record in North America. Between 1999 and 2005 MPB affected 10 million ha and killed roughly 411 million m or about 35% of the 1.2 billion m of mature pine volume in the province. By 2013, total cumulative pine mortality is projected to peak at about 80%. In many interior watersheds, beetle-killed pine covers well over 50% of their drainage areas; in some cases this figure approaches 100%. Such large-scale disturbance has the potential to affect the hydrologic regime of a watershed, including both surface water and groundwater resources. Until recently, however, research on this topic has been limited, so a considerable knowledge gap exists. Although this gap will likely be filled over time through existing initiatives, our limited understanding of the topic represents a significant hurdle to present-day forest managers, who are responsible for balancing the pressures for expedited salvage harvesting of beetle-killed trees with the need to protect watershed values.
Proterozoic basement and Palaeozoic sediments in the Ringkøbing–Fyn High characterized by zircon U–Pb ages and heavy minerals from Danish onshore wells

Basement in the Ringkøbing–Fyn High characterized by zircon ages and heavy minerals Poulsen 1969; Dahlgren & Corfu 2001). However, it has not previously been possible to determine whether sediments in the Norwegian–Danish Basin and the North German Basin were in fact sourced by the Ringkøbing–Fyn High, the Fennoscandian Shield or somewhere else because the provenance signatures of the Ringkøbing–Fyn High basement, and the locally overlying Palaeozoic sediments, were unknown. The purpose of this study is to provide data from the The Ringkøbing–Fyn High (Fig. 1) consists of elevated basement blocks with a local cover of pre-Zechstein deposits. The overlying sedimentary succession has a thickness of 1–2 km and ranges in age from Zechstein to Quaternary, the main part being Mesozoic. Earlier studies have suggested that the Ringkøbing–Fyn High represents a possible provenance area for some of the sediments deposited on and around the high during the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic eras (Larsen 1966; Proterozoic basement and Palaeozoic sediments in the Ringkøbing–Fyn High characterized by zircon U–Pb ages and heavy minerals from Danish onshore wells
Pollination, adaptation and speciation models in the Cape flora of South Africa

Recent species definitions have placed emphasis on "diagnostic characters" rather than isolating mechanisms. Such characters can be informative about the evolutionary processes which lead to speciation in highly diversified plant groups, such as those found in the Cape floral region of South Africa. Rampant speciation in the Cape flora has often been attributed to heterogeneity of the physical environment, yet many large Cape genera show radiation in floral, rather than vegetative, characters, which suggests that adaptation to pollinators has played a major role in speciation. Selection for more efficient pollination systems in a pollinator-limited context, rather than isolating mechanisms, is suggested to be the primary driving force behind floral evolution in the Cape flora.
Hotel Room Tax, Number of Accommodation and Original Local Government Revenue: Case Study West Sumatra Province, Indonesia

This research aims to discover 1) The effect of hotel room tax on original local government revenue 2) The effect of hotel room tax on original local government revenue with the number of accommodations as moderating variables. There are 12 regencies and 7 municipalities numbers of population. Research data used for 6 years, 2014 2019 period. The result shows: the hotel room tax has a positive and significant effect on original local government revenue. Secondly, the number of accommodations has no evidence as moderating variable for the relationship of hotel room tax with original local government revenue.