Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactive comment on “Distribution, microphysical properties, and tectonic control of deformation bands in the Miocene accretionary prism (Whakataki Formation) of the Hikurangi subduction zone” by Kathryn E. Elphick et al

traction regime. This is the main result of this study and is potentially linked to the mecanostratigraphy especially marked in this geological context. This point deserves to be better developed with additional description of bed stratigraphy and fault architecture. (2) Distributed SECB under normal regime, potentially formed by burial (overloading). However, these structures are not consistently described (not show in figures, some problems with dihedral angle, distribution is missing. . .) which affects the impact of this result. I underline that different consistent approaches are used (field mapping, microscopy, image analysis) and the number of data appears adequate to clearly characterize the fault/DB patterns. The literature appears also extensive and consistent with the paper aims. Because of these reasons, this work deserves to be published in this special issue “Faults, Fractures and Fluid flow” of Solid Earth and could be of interest for any scientists dealing with mechanisms of deformation in porous materials or reservoir evaluations. However, this work contains numerous important issues in the methodology, the data description and the paper organization which have to be managed before any possible publication. I propose major revisions with numerous comments (see below and attached .pdf file with minor suggestions). A second review is certainly needed.
On the semi-annual variation of relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt

Abstract. The nature of the semi-annual variation in the relativistic electron fluxes in the Earth's outer radiation belt is investigated using Van Allen Probes (MagEIS and REPT) and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite Energetic Particle Sensor (GOES/EPS) data during solar cycle 24. We perform wavelet and cross-wavelet analysis in a broad energy and spatial range of electron fluxes and examine their phase relationship with the axial, equinoctial and Russell–McPherron mechanisms. It is found that the semi-annual variation in the relativistic electron fluxes exhibits pronounced power in the 0.3–4.2 MeV energy range at L shells higher than 3.5, and, moreover, it exhibits an in-phase relationship with the Russell–McPherron effect, indicating the former is primarily driven by the latter. Furthermore, the analysis of the past three solar cycles with GOES/EPS indicates that the semi-annual variation at geosynchronous orbit is evident during the descending phases and coincides with periods of a higher (lower) high-speed stream (HSS) (interplanetary coronal mass ejection, ICME) occurrence.
Knowledge, attitude and practice towards malaria among people attending in Mekaneeyesus primary hospital, South Gondar, Northwestern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.

Background : Malaria is worldwide health problem causing high mortality and morbidity, not only a major cause of suffering and death, but also the cause of socioeconomic problems, especially in developing country like Ethiopia. Methods: This study is aimed to investigate knowledge, attitude and practice towards malaria and its preventive and control methods among people attending in Mekaneeyesus primary hospital, South Gondar, Northwestern Ethiopia. Cross sectional study was employed by using random sampling technique was carried out to select representative individuals. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and KAP. The data quality control was tested by using pretest and study protocol of the research was approved by the Ethical Review Committee. Results: The overall prevalence rate of malaria was 8.5%. Individuals having poor knowledge and poor practice toward malaria were 26.93 (CI = 3.67-197.47, p=0.001) and 13.09 (CI=0.93-183.47, p=0.036) times higher respectively as compared to individuals who are knowledgeable and had good practice toward malaria. Level of education was significant predictor of practice level which, education status of being uneducated and attaining grades 1-8. Respondent’s less than 500 family economic statuses were also significantly associated with practice level (P < 0.05) among study participants. The overall knowledge, attitude and practice level was relatively good, but its practice towards ITN utilization was poor. Poor knowledge and practice were significantly increase malaria risk. Conclusion: Malaria is still causes a serious health burden so special attention should be taken to malaria prevention and control by giving awareness and using different intervention method.
Managerial Ownership and Financial Performance of the Nigerian Listed Firms: The Moderating Role of Board Independence

The existing literature documents inconsistent results regarding the effect of managerial ownership on firms’ performance level. This study integrates insights from agency and resource dependency theories and model board independence to account for these indeterminate empirical results that prior research exhibited. Hence, this research aims at investigating the moderating effect of board independence on the relationship between managerial shareholding and financial performance of the Nigerian listed firms. The article analysed the balanced panel data of 71 listed companies covering the period from 2012-2018, by exploiting a generalised method of moments framework. The paper presents evidence of a strong negative relationship between managerial ownership and firm performance level. However, the direct effect of board independence on performance shows a positive but insignificant coefficient. More importantly, evidence from this study suggests that the magnitude and direction of the association between managerial ownership and firm performance depend on the levels of board independence. Thus, revealing that firms with a substantial number of independent directors on their boards are likely to neutralise the entrenchment behaviour that a higher managerial shareholding induces. Consequently, this research recommends that companies should constitute their boards with a considerable number of independent directors to enhance their bottom line.
Lidocaine administration alleviates propofol injection pain

Objective: This study aimed to analyze how to ease propofol injection pain by different administration approaches of lidocaine. Methods: A total of 80 anaesthetized patients in our hospital were divided into four groups, including control group (CG, administered with normal saline), normal saline + propofol group (NPG), lidocaine group (LG), and lidocaine + propofol group (LPG), with 20 patients in each group. The effects of easement of pain were compared among the groups. Results: No statistical difference was found amongst the four groups in terms of heart rate (HR) and SPO2 before, during and after injection as well as mild, moderate and severe pain rates (P>0.05). When evaluated by the 4-point method and visual analogue score (VAS), the incidence of injection pain was significantly lower, and the painless rate was significantly higher in the LG and LPG (P<0.05), but not statistically different between LG and LPG, CG and NPG (P>0.05). The VAS scores yielded by patients in the LG and LPG were lower than the CG’s and NPG’s (P<0.05), but not statistically different between LG and LPG, CG and NPG (P>0.05). The incidence of adverse reaction was 10.00% in the LG and 15.00% in the LPG (P>0.05). Conclusion: Lidocaine pre-injection and lidocaine+propofol mixed injection are similarly effective in easing propofol injection pain, while injection with normal saline is ineffective.
Credit Card Business in Malaysia: A Data Analytics Approach

The revolution of big data has made resonance in the banking sector especially in dealing with the massive amount of data. The banks have the opportunity to know about the customer's opinions and satisfaction regarding their products by analyzing the data gathered every day. So, the banks can transform these data into high-quality information that allow banks to improve their business especially in credit cards which is becoming a short-term business for the banks nowadays. Further, the sentiment analysis has become immense in the field of data analytics especially the customers’ opinion makes a huge impact in making profitable business decisions. The outcome of the sentiment analysis does assist the banks to know the deficiencies of their product and allow them to improve their products to satisfy the customers. From the sentiment analysis, 45% of the customers were negative, 30% were positive and 25% were neutral towards the credit card facility offered by the commercial banks. Also, the prediction of credit card customer satisfaction will contribute in a significant way to create new opportunities for the banks to enhance their promotion aspects as well as the credit card business in future. Random Forest algorithm was applied with three various experiments utilizing the normal data, balanced data and the optimized model with the normal data. The optimized model with the normal data obtained the highest accuracy of 87.38% followed by the normal dataset by 85.82% and the least accuracy was for the balanced dataset by 82.83%. Keywords—Credit card; predictive analytics; random forest; sentiment analysis; banking
Molecular organization and solution properties of N-substituted aminomethane-1,1-diphosphonic acids

The crystal structures of N-n-pentylaminomethane-1,1-diphosphonic (1), N-pyrrolidinomethane-1,1-diphosphonic (2), N-(3-carboxy-2-pyridyl)aminomethane-1,1-diphosphonic (3a) and N-(5-methyl-2-pyridyl)aminomethane-1,1-diphosphonic (3c) acids are determined and discussed with respect to their packing patterns and solid state organization. The molecular association and the possible aggregate forms in solution, resulting from the supramolecular features of these materials, are considered. The solution UV and NMR studies are focused on the N-2-pyridylaminomethane-1,1-diphosphonic acids 3a–e in order to establish the influence of the structural changes in passing from 3- to 5- or 6-pyridyl substituted aminomethane-1,1-diphosphonic acids on their general complexation properties.
TALENT RETENTION AT COMMERCIAL BANKS IN VIETNAM

This study aims to identify talent criteria at commercial banks in Vietnam and build a scale of factors affecting talent retention. By qualitative research method through expert interviews and non-parametric testing to determine the relationship between factors affecting talent retention at commercial banks in Vietnam. The research has identified the following four factors influencing talent retention: Job satisfaction, Motivation, Commitment and Loyalty. In addition, the study surveyed the Snowball sampling method and collected 877 satisfactory questionnaires, performed quantitative research and tested the linear structural model of SEM. Research results show that among the factors that affect talent retention, job satisfaction is the most influential, followed by commitment, loyalty and work motivation. The research's contribution helps bank leaders to have appropriate policies to retain their bank's talents.
Validation of Questionnaire Regarding Dentists’ Management of Avulsed Teeth and Precautions During COVID-19

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused major concern about the management of dental avulsion. The aim of this study was to validate a questionnaire assessing the management of avulsed teeth and precautions during COVID-19 among dental professionals, and additionally gather have preliminary results for future studies on a larger scale. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 28 dental students was conducted as a pilot study to validate the questionnaire. Participants were invited through social media using convenience sampling. The questionnaire was composed of 30 questions according to the newest International Association for Dental Traumatology (IADT) guidelines for avulsed permanent teeth. Results: The Cronbach’s alpha for the knowledge questions was 0.739, and for dealing with avulsed teeth during COVID-19, 0.635. Among the participants, 53.57% knew that avulsed permanent teeth can be replanted, but only 10.71% knew that this is not applied on primary avulsed teeth. Between 10.71% to 39.29% knew the proper transporting media (normal saline, patient’s mouth, cold milk, and Hanks’ solution). When participants were asked about management of avulsed teeth during the COVID-19 pandemic, 35.71% said they asked patients to come to the clinic and gave the patient appropriate instructions. Also, 67.86% take extra precautions for COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: The questionnaire used in this study was validated to measure levels of knowledge regarding management of avulsed teeth according to new IADT guidelines. The preliminary results of this study showed that dental students in Saudi Arabia have low levels of knowledge about the management of avulsed teeth. However, more studies with larger sample sizes are needed to have external validity of the results.
Total Serum Cholesterol Level and Prognosis of Acute Cerebral Ischemic Stroke

Background & purpose: Although Cholesterol is a potential risk factor for stroke, there are some studies showed a reversal positive effect of cholesterol level on survival after ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to demonstrate relationship between serum Total Cholesterol (TC) level and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke in Iranian patients with ischemic stroke Material & methods: In this cross sectional descriptive & analytic study (2010-2012), 140 patients with diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke at emergency ward of 5th Azar hospital in Gorgan, in north of Iran, were included via systematic random sampling. TC level was extracted from clinical record of patients and the normal reference was less than 200 mg/dl. Barthel Index (BI) was used to assess general functional status in which scores range between 0-100 and greater scores indicate more independency and better functional status. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16, descriptive statistics, and statistical tests (Spearman Correlation and Mann-Whitney U-test). Results: 53.6% of patients were women. Mean age of them was 66.17 ± 12.78 years. Mean TC level was 204.29±49.55 mg/dl. The mean rank score of functional status by BI among two groups of TC <200 mg/dl and TC≥ 200 mg/dl was 63.34 and 76.53, respectively (P = 0.05). Spearman correlation did not show the significant relationship between total serum cholesterol level and function score (r= 0.16, P = 0.057). Conclusion: High TC in patients with acute ischemic stroke is associated with better prognosis and higher general functional status according to BI. Therefore, evaluation of mechanisms leading to this relationship could be focus of future studies.
High-Resolution Imaging of Ordered Mixed-Layer Clays

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) has been used to examine illite/smectite from the Mancos Shale; rectorite from Garland County, Arkansas; illite from Silver Hill, Montana; Na-smectite from Crook County, Wyoming; corrensite from Packwood, Washington; and diagenetic chlorite from the Tuscaloosa Formation. Thin specimens were prepared by ion milling, ultramicrotome sectioning, and/or grain dispersal on a holey carbon substrate. Some smectite-bearing clays were also examined after intercalation with dodecylamine hydrochloride (DH). Intercalation of smectite with DH proved to be a reliable method for HRTEM imaging of expanded smectite (d (001) = 16 Å) which could then be distinguished from unexpanded illite (d (001) = 10 Å). Lattice fringes of basal spacings of DH-intercalated rectorite and illite/smectite showed a 26-Å periodicity. These data support X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) studies which suggest that these samples are ordered, interstratified varieties of illite and smectite. The ion-thinned, unexpanded corrensite sample showed discrete crystallites containing 10-Å and 14-Å basal spacings corresponding to collapsed smectite and chlorite, respectively. Regions containing disordered layers of chlorite and smectite were also noted. Crystallites containing regular alternations of smectite and chlorite layers were not common. These HRTEM observations of corrensite did not corroborate XRD data. Particle sizes parallel to the c axis ranged widely for each sample studied, and many particles showed basal dimensions equivalent to more than five layers. For all illite, smectite, and illite/ smectite particles examined, crystallite sizes of about 20 Å in the basal dimension were not observed.
The local effects of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) on the inflammatory atheroma: beyond LDL cholesterol lowering

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has gained extensive attention since the discovery of its role in mediating hepatic low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor (LDLR) degradation, and therefore regulating plasma LDL cholesterol clearance. However, emerging studies have indicated that PCSK9 may have pleiotropic effects on the development of atherosclerosis and eventually cardiac dysfunction by mechanisms independent of the regulation of LDL cholesterol levels. In this review, we will discuss recent findings of how PCSK9 affects cellular responses and the pro-inflammatory microenvironment within the local atherosclerotic vascular wall, which are critical for atherosclerotic plaque progression. We will also discuss recent research on the potential direct effects of PCSK9 on cardiomyocyte viability and function. These pathways may be critical for understanding the mechanisms of PCSK9’s cardioprotective effects beyond LDL cholesterol lowering.
Effect of tillage and irrigation frequency on growth of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj and Cosson]

A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2014-15 at Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh (India) to study the effect of tillage and irrigation frequency on growth of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj and Cosson]. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications. The main plot treatment consisted three tillage practices viz. Zero tillage, Reduced tillage (2 harrowing + 1 planking), and Conventional tillage (1 deep ploughing with disc + 2 harrowing + 1 planking), whereas four levels of irrigations i.e.No irrigation, One irrigation (35 DAS), Two irrigations (35 DAS + 60 DAS), Three irrigations (35 DAS + 60 DAS + 90 DAS) were allocated to sub-plots. Plant height, functional leaves plant, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and primary and secondary branches plant increased with increasing tillage intensity and irrigation frequency. The value of all these growth parameters improved significantly under conventional tillage. Significantly higher values of growth attributing character were obtained with three irrigations as compared to other irrigation frequency
The Effect of Glutamine Supplementation on Ileum Histopathology of Rats with Acute and Chronic Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli-induced Diarrhea

BACKGROUND: Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid as the main fuel in the gastrointestinal mucosa. By its various gastrointestinal functions, glutamine is thought to increase the protection of the intestinal mucosa against local or systemic injury from diarrhea. AIM: This study aims to determine the relationship between glutamine supplementation and ileum histopathology in rats with acute and chronic diarrhea induced by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research was conducted in an experimental laboratory with a randomized posttest-only control group design. A total of 30 Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar were divided into five groups. The treatment group was induced to have diarrhea using EPEC at a dose of 108 CFU/ml, after each group diagnosed by acute and chronic diarrhea followed by glutamine supplementation at a dose of 810 mg/200 g for 14 days. The intestinal histopathology of each group was assessed and their levels of inflammation classified based on the Barthel-Manja inflammatory score. RESULTS: The result showed that significant differences in inflammation levels between the negative control group, acute diarrhea group, chronic diarrhea group, acute diarrhea group with glutamine, and chronic diarrhea group with glutamine were found (p < 0.05). The highest level of inflammation was found in the acute diarrhea group. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that glutamine supplementation has an effect on the ileum histopathology of rats with acute and chronic diarrhea. Edited by: Slavica Hristomanova-Mitkovska Citation: Putra DS, Oenzil F, Darwin E, Bachtiar H, Tofrizal T. The Effect of Glutamine Supplementation on Ileum Histopathology of Rats with Acute and Chronic Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli-induced Diarrhea. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2020 Jun 15; 8(A):481-486. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020. 3592
Effect of phosphorus, sulphur and biofertilizer on yield and quality of greengram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) in loamy sand under Dryland condition

The experiment was conducted during the Kharif season of the year 2018 at AICRP for Dry Land, Centre for natural resources management, Sadarkrushinagar datiwada agricultural university, Sardarkrushinagr, Gujarat. The results revealed that integrated application of 50 kg P2O5/ha + 20 kg S/ha + PSB registered significantly higher growth, yield attributes, seed and stover yield as well as protein content of greengram. But it was found at par with treatments viz., 40 kg P2O5/ha + 20 kg S and PSB, 30 kg P2O5/ha + 20 kg S/ha + PSB and 50 kg P2O5/ha + 20 kg S/ha. From these results, it could be concluded that for securing higher seed yield and net realization of greengram (cv. Gujarat Mungbean 4) raised on loamy sand under north Gujarat conditions, the crop should be fertilized with phosphorus @ 30 kg/ha, sulphur @ 20 kg/ha with PSB (phosphorus solubilizing bacteria) liquid biofertilizer along with recommended dose of N @ 20 kg/ha. By this way, 10 kg P2O5/ha can be saved than recommended dose of 40 kg P2O5/ha for greengram.
ESTIMATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF MAIZE CROP USING DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS IN EGYPTIAN RECLAIMED LANDS

Maize is considered as a strategic crop in Egypt and it is suitable to be cultivated in reclaimed lands as a reason of its climate-resilient and water shortages. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) according to inputoriented model is applied to estimate economic efficiency of inputs that used in cultivation of maize in Egyptian reclaimed lands during the period of (2001-2018). During last mentioned period of time maize production value increased by about LE 1154 million with a significant annual growth rate of 14.4 %. This increase was stuck to an increase in costs from LE 2588 in 2001 to LE 6356 in 2018, which led farms to refrain from cultivating it and that led to decrease of yield by about 3.1 tons / feddan. Estimated percentage by about 87% for Variable Returns-to-Scale model (VRS) and 44% for Constant Returns-to-Scale model (CRS) less than 1 and scale efficiency was about 50% led to non-economic efficiency result. That means using of inputs was not efficient and costs should be reduced by 13% for VRS and 56% for CRS to reach the optimum size. So the scale could increase production by reducing amount of inefficient inputs by 50% without affecting their current output levels. DEA helped in estimating the optimum values of inputs that achieve efficiency by about LE 874, 440, 435, 349, 237 and 211, respectively from labor wages, fertilizers, machinery, manure, seeds and insecticides in reclaimed lands.