Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with knowledge and use of the emergency contraceptive pill among ever-married women of reproductive age in Bangladesh: findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey

Abstract Objectives The study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with knowledge and use of the emergency contraceptive pill (ECP) among ever-married women in Bangladesh. Methods The study was based on a secondary dataset of the 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. Complete (weighted) data of 17,592 women aged 15–49 years were analysed. Results The prevalence of having knowledge and use of the ECP among ever-married women in Bangladesh was 13.6% and 1.8%, respectively. Administrative region and type of residence (urban or rural), household wealth index, educational level (of both the woman and her spouse), spouse’s occupation, number of living children, weight, current use of contraception and a history of pregnancy termination were positively associated with knowledge and use of the ECP. Conclusion A large proportion of Bangladeshi women of reproductive age had a lack of knowledge and use of the ECP. Nationwide reproductive health education programmes may improve the situation.
Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis Associated With a Rare Case of Multifocal Tuberculosis.

A 56-year-old female farmer presented with an 8-month history of right buttock pain, which gradually spread to the left buttock and low back.One year before, shewas diagnosedwith idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis and treated with methylprednisolone (24 mg/d). F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) imaging revealed widespread intraosseous invasion (multi-vertebral spine with its accessory, bilateral ribs, clavicles, scapula, sternum, bilateral humerus, pelvic bone, bilateral femur) (Fig. A–D) of SUVmax of 13.78. Chest CT scans revealed newly formed local parenchymal lesions in the upper left lung, near pleural membranes, which manifested as abnormal uptake of radioactivity in F-FDG PET/CT (Fig. D). Bone core biopsies of the left ilium lesion obtained by CT-guided operation revealed granulomatous inflammation and special acid-fast stain test performed on the biopsies confirmed positive rods. Finally, a positive test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was confirmed in sputum culture, although T-SPOT showed negative interferongamma, with neither ESAT-6 nor CFP-10. Consequently, the patient was diagnosed with multifocal skeletal tuberculosis, active pulmonary tuberculosis, and idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. To date, this is the most extensive case of skeletal tuberculosis ever reported. In fact, the patient’s long-term exposure to large
Intraoperative Pain Sensation During Cataract Surgery: Why Does Timing Matter?

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate whether timing influences pain perception during cataract surgery and to investigate the possible mechanisms. Methods: Patients scheduled for cataract surgery both in the morning and afternoon were consecutively enrolled. Questionnaires to evaluate anxiety, including the Simplified State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale, and a visual analogue scale (VAS) for anxiety, were completed preoperatively, whereas a VAS for pain and the Wong–Baker FACES® Pain Rating Scale questionnaire were completed after surgery. Preoperative blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. Blood samples were acquired before surgery, and plasma cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, adrenalin, and noradrenalin were tested. Results: Fifty-five patients underwent uneverntful cataract surgery (28 in the morning and 27 in the afternoon) were included in the final analysis. Greater intraoperative pain perception during cataract surgery was reported in the afternoon than in the morning. Overall anxiety levels were significantly higher in the afternoon. Plasma adrenalin levels were significantly higher in the afternoon. Cortisol levels were higher in the afternoon. Preoperative anxiety levels were closely related to intraoperative pain perception. Both adrenalin and cortisol correlated positively with preoperative anxiety, but only adrenalin correlated significantly with the pain scores. Conclusions: Patients undergoing cataract surgery in the afternoon showed more preoperative anxiety, which may have increased their relevant stress hormones. Both the patient’s emotional state and hormone levels may together aggravate his/her perceived pain in the afternoon. Monitoring preoperative anxiety levels, blood pressure, and heart rate should help to identify patients at higher risk of perceived intraoperative pain. Clinical trial registration : Trial registration number: NCT02182921 Registration site: clinicaltrials.gov
Human platelet lysates for human cell propagation

Abstract A pathogen-free and standardized xeno-free supplement of growth media is required for the ex vivo propagation of human cells used as advanced therapeutic medicinal products and for clinical translation in regenerative medicine and cell therapies. Human platelet lysate (HPL) made from therapeutic-grade platelet concentrate (PC) is increasingly regarded as being an efficient xeno-free alternative growth medium supplement to fetal bovine serum (FBS) for clinical-grade isolation and/or propagation of human cells. Most experimental studies establishing the superiority of HPL over FBS were conducted using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from bone marrow or adipose tissues. Data almost unanimously concur that MSCs expanded in a media supplemented with HPL have improved proliferation, shorter doubling times, and preserved clonogenicity, immunophenotype, in vitro trilineage differentiation capacity, and T-cell immunosuppressive activity. HPL can also be substituted for FBS when propagating MSCs from various other tissue sources, including Wharton jelly, the umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, dental pulp, periodontal ligaments, and apical papillae. Interestingly, HPL xeno-free supplementation is also proving successful for expanding human-differentiated cells, including chondrocytes, corneal endothelium and corneal epithelium cells, and tenocytes, for transplantation and tissue-engineering applications. In addition, the most recent developments suggest the possibility of successfully expanding immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and chimeric antigen receptor-T cells in HPL, further broadening its use as a growth medium supplement. Therefore, strong scientific rationale supports the use of HPL as a universal growth medium supplement for isolating and propagating therapeutic human cells for transplantation and tissue engineering. Efforts are underway to ensure optimal standardization and pathogen safety of HPL to secure its reliability for clinical-grade cell-therapy and regenerative medicine products and tissue engineering.
Tooth agenesis: What do we know and is there a connection to cancer?

Like all developmental processes, odontogenesis is highly complex and dynamically regulated, with hundreds of genes co‐expressed in reciprocal networks. Tooth agenesis (missing one or more/all teeth) is a common human craniofacial anomaly and may be caused by genetic variations and/or environmental factors. Variants in PAX9, MSX1, AXIN2, EDA, EDAR, and WNT10A genes are associated with tooth agenesis. Currently, variants in ATF1, DUSP10, CASC8, IRF6, KDF1, GREM2, LTBP3, and components and regulators of WNT signaling WNT10B, LRP6, DKK, and KREMEN1 are at the forefront of interest. Due to the interconnectedness of the signaling pathways of carcinogenesis and odontogenesis, tooth agenesis could be a suitable marker for early detection of cancer predisposition. Variants in genes associated with tooth agenesis could serve as prognostic or therapeutic targets in cancer. This review aims to summarize existing knowledge of development and clinical genetics of teeth. Concurrently, the review proposes possible approaches for future research in this area, with particular attention to roles in monitoring, early diagnosis and therapy of tumors associated with defective tooth development.
Technical Report: The Mechanism of Contour Interaction Differs in the Fovea and Periphery

SIGNIFICANCE Both foveal and peripheral contour interactions are based on, as yet, unexplained neural mechanisms. Our results show that, unlike foveal contour interaction, peripheral contour interaction cannot be explained on the basis of the antagonistic structure of neural receptive fields. PURPOSE Foveal contour interaction is markedly reduced for mesopic compared with photopic targets. This finding is consistent with an explanation based on the antagonistic structure of neural receptive fields. However, no reduction was found for low-luminance targets in the periphery, possibly because the luminances used previously remained substantially above peripheral scotopic detection thresholds. In this study, we compared foveal and peripheral contour interactions for long-wavelength photopic and mesopic targets, which would be expected to significantly elevate the peripheral retinal detection threshold. METHODS Five normal observers viewed a randomly selected Sloan letter surrounded by four flanking bars at several edge-to-edge separations (min arc). Photopic and mesopic stimuli were viewed foveally and at 6° peripherally through a selective red filter that ensured that mesopic targets were within 1 log unit of detection threshold at both retinal locations. RESULTS Whereas the magnitude of foveal contour interaction was substantially less at mesopic compared with photopic luminance (20 vs. 46% reduction of percent correct, on average), no significant difference was observed in peripheral contour interaction, which had average mesopic and photopic magnitudes of 38 and 40%. Moreover, confusion matrices representing photopic and mesopic contour interaction differed in the fovea but not in the periphery. The extent of contour interaction did not change with luminance at either retinal location. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that, although the characteristics of foveal contour interaction can be accounted for by the antagonistic structure of neural receptive fields, the same mechanism is not compatible with the characteristics of peripheral contour interaction.
Subclinical cardiovascular dysfunction in children and adolescents with asthma

Abstract Background There is close association between asthma and cardiovascular functions as both diseases share common inflammatory pathways. The current study was aimed at investigating the risk factors, associated with endothelial and cardiac functions in children with newly-diagnosed mild-persistent asthma. Methods A total of 33 steroid-naive asthmatic children [median(interquartile-range); 9.1 years(7.8-13.5)] and 16 healthy controls [11.5 years(9.9-13.6)] were included. Their demographic, clinical and laboratory findings were recorded. Carotid Artery intima-media thickness (CIMT), stiffness, distensibility and strain were measured as atheroclerosis markers. Conventional and tissue Doppler imaging was performed to evaluate ventricular function. Results The patients with asthma had higher CIMT and stiffness and lower strain and distensibility compared to controls (p < 0.001 for all). There was a significant correlation between the duration of asthmatic symptoms and subclinical-atherosclerosis as well as peripheral eosinophil count (p < 0.001, p < 0.05). The patients had lower tricuspid-annular-plane-systolic-excursion (TAPSE), ejection time, and higher isovolumetric relaxation time (IRT), isovolumetric contraction time (ICT), and left ventricle myocardial performance index (LVMPI) than the control subjects (p < 0.001 for all). A positive correlation was also observed between the duration of asthmatic-symptoms and cardiac-function parameters. Conclusion Children with mild persistent asthma had subclinical atherosclerosis and ventricular dysfunction even in the early stage of disease. Symptom duration was closely associated with both subclinical atherosclerosis and ventricular dysfunction. Myocardial performance index was abnormal in the asthmatic children when assessed by tissue Doppler Imaging even though they had normal ejection fraction in conventional echocardiography. Future prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings and to assess the possible protective effect of ICSs in the prevention of subclinical atherosclerosis.
Numerical simulation of microcystin distribution in Liangxi River, downstream of Taihu Lake

Microcystins (MCs), the algal toxins produced by cyanobacteria, raised a worldwide concern in recent decades. Limited monitoring stations for MCs make it hard to map the MC spatial distribution in certain areas. To tackle such problems, we selected Liangxi River as our research area and developed an integrated model to get spatial continuous MC data without too many sampling sites, which integrates a hydro‐environment model and an artificial neural network algorithm (ANN). The ANN algorithm can estimate concentration MCs via environmental factors. In this paper, we selected chl‐a, TN, TP, NO2‐ , NO3‐ , NH3‐N, and PO43‐ as stressors. The ANN model we established showed good performances both in train (R2 = 0.8407) and test set (R2 = 0.7543). In the hydro‐environment model, by inputting river geometry and model boundary data, the spatial continuous water quality data could be simulated. The water quality data returned from the hydro‐environmental model were used as input variables of the well‐trained ANN model; the continuous MC data were derived. To evaluate this model on geo‐mapping the MC distribution in Liangxi River, we compared the performance of this model and spatial interpolation on the test set, it turns out the integrated model showed a better performance. © 2020 Water Environment Federation
Association of Number of Doses With Hepatitis B Vaccine Series Completion in US Adults

Key Points Question Is completion of an adult hepatitis B virus vaccine series higher among recipients of a 2-dose vaccine compared with recipients of a 3-dose vaccine? Findings In this cohort study of 10 888 adults who initiated a hepatitis B virus vaccine series, 45% of adults who initiated the 2-dose vaccine vs 26% of those who initiated the 3-dose vaccine completed the series, representing a significant difference. Meaning The study’s findings indicate that use of the 2-dose vaccine may be associated with better adherence; however, tailored strategies are needed to increase completion of hepatitis B vaccine series.
Machine learning models predict coagulopathy in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients in ER

Coagulation abnormality is one of the primary concerns for patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage admitted to ER. Conventional laboratory indicators require hours for coagulopathy diagnosis, which brings difficulties for appropriate intervention within the optimal window. This study evaluates the possibility of building efficient coagulopathy prediction models using data mining and machine learning algorithms.
PENGARUH METODE PENGERINGAN DAN KONSENTRASI BUMBU SERTA LAMAPERENDAMAN DALAM LARUTAN BUMBU TERHADAP KUALITAS DENDENG BABI

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of drying methods, spice concentrations and soaking times on the pH and chemical quality and sensory value of swine dried-meat. Slices of meat were soaked in spice solutions at the concentration of 40, 20, 13.3 and 10 % for 1, 3, 5, and 7 hours, and then were dried under the sun light or using oven (artificial drier). The observed parameters were physical quality (pH value) and chemical composition (water, protein and fat content). The data of physical and chemical quality were analyzed by Analyses of Variances and performed with Factorial Completely Randomized Design (2 A� 4 A� 4) with 3 replications, followed by Duncanâ��s Multiple Range Test. Sensory value was analyzed as non-parametric analyses by using Hedonic Test by Kruskal-Wallis continued quantitative description analysis (spider web) by MS. Excel program. The results showed that the drying methods affected significantly (P < 0.05) on water content, protein, and fat, while spice concentrations on water content, and interactions of treatment between the drying methods and soaking times on proteint content. Drying methods highly significantly (P < 0.01) on pH, while spice concentrations on protein content and pH, soaking time on water content, protein and pH, interactions of treatment between the drying methods and soaking times on fat content, and interactions drying methods, spice concentrations, and soaking times on pH. Based on spider web, the meat dried it under sunlight (solar drying) showed the characteristic of color, flavor, and consumer acceptability at the value of 3-5 and the value of texture and tenderness was 2-3. Meanwhile, the meat dried in the oven was showed the value of color and flavor 3-5 with the value of consumer acceptability, texture and tenderness 2-3.
Assessment of the quality and trend of reporting of health economic evaluation research in India

ABSTRACT Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the reporting quality of health economic evaluation studies using Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement along with an analysis of their trend in India. Methods: Following ethical review exemption, PubMed and Google scholar were searched for Indian studies published in 5 years (2014–2019). Keywords used were cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit, cost-utility, and cost-minimization analysis, economic evaluation, and India. CHEERS statement was used to assess the reporting quality and trend was studied using variables like a published year, type of analysis, therapy area, intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Of the 39 studies analyzed, 17 scored less than 18 (represents 75% compliance) with a minimum score of 9 and a maximum of 23. The reporting quality was deficient with respect to heterogeneity characterization (25 studies), discount rate (18 studies), model choice, and assumptions (18 studies). Cost – effectiveness was the most common PE analysis (27 studies). The most commonly studied therapy area was infectious disorders (10) followed by oncology (5), and the commonest intervention was drugs (22). Conclusion: Inadequacy in reporting quality of health economic evaluation studies is evident. The trend revealed cost-effectiveness to be the most commonly performed type of analysis. Expert Opinion: Health economic evaluation research has gained considerable importance in healthcare decision making. Reporting quality is critical to enable efficient interpretation of health economic evaluation research. These studies have many elements, each of which have a significant impact on the conduct and outcome of the study. Hence, it is advisable to refer to any of the available guidelines [eg. CHEERS checklist] while preparing the manuscript so as to ensure all crucial elements of the study have been reported.
Variation in the clinical commissioning of surgery for three common hand conditions in England

The surgical referral policies for patients with trigger finger, ganglion removal and Dupuytren’s disease were collected for all Clinical Commissioning Groups in England. The aim was to assess whether there was variation in the policies across England, resulting in inequality in patients’ access to surgery. Data were collected between October 2018 and January 2019 and compared with national guidelines. Analysis of the results showed that for all three conditions, surgical commissioning policies varied depending on the locality. The results also show that despite the existence of national guidelines, they are not implemented. This has the potential to lead to variation in surgical referral and access to services for patients in different localities in England. Level of evidence: III
Minocycline, but not doxycycline attenuates NMDA-induced [Ca2+]i and excitotoxicity

Minocycline and doxycycline, two semisynthetic second-generation tetracyclines, are reported to provide neuroprotection against brain injury and glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in neuronal cultures. Doxycycline has been postulated as the potential ideal candidate for further therapeutic development as it has fewer adverse effects than minocycline. In this study, we determined whether minocycline and doxycycline could similarly protect neurons against excitotoxic insults. We treated cultured rat cortical neurons and cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) with excitotoxic concentrations of NMDA or glutamate in the presence or absence of minocycline or doxycycline. Intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was also measured using a Fluorescent Light Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR; Molecular Devices) with the calcium sensitive dye Fluo-3 AM. We found that minocycline and tetracycline markedly protected neurons against NMDA- and glutamate-induced neuronal death. In contrast, the structurally related tetracycline, doxycycline, was ineffective at concentrations up to 100 μM. Furthermore, minocycline, but not doxycycline, also significantly attenuated NMDA- or glutamate-induced [Ca2+]i in both cortical neurons and CGN. Our results suggest that minocycline but not doxycycline is able to directly block NMDA- or glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in neurons most likely by inhibiting NMDA- and glutamate-induced [Ca2+]i. This finding may contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying doxycycline- and minocycline-induced neuroprotection.
Is There a Sex Gap in Surviving an Acute Coronary Syndrome or Subsequent Development of Heart Failure?

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: We hypothesized that disparities between sexes in the management of myocardial infarction (MI) may have changed over time, and thus altered the prognoses after MI, especially the risk for the development of heart failure. Methods: Using a large population-based cohort of patients with MI between April 1, 2002, and March 31, 2016, we examined the incidence, angiographic findings, treatment (including revascularization), and clinical outcomes of patients with a first-time MI. To elucidate the differences between sexes, a series of multivariable models were created to explore all MI and non–ST-segment–elevation MI (NSTEMI) versus ST-segment–elevation MI (STEMI) over time. Results: Between 2002 and 2016, 45 064 patients (13 878 [30.8%] women) were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of first-time MI (54.9% NSTEMI and 45.1% STEMI). Women were older (median age, 72 versus 61 years), had more comorbidities, and had lower rates of diagnostic angiography than did men (women, 74%, versus men, 87%). When angiography was performed, women had a lower proportion of left main, 2-vessel disease with proximal left anterior descending or 3-vessel disease compared with men (33.4% versus 40.9%, P<0.0001), and a higher frequency of 1-vessel disease or nonobstructive coronary artery disease (39.6% versus 29.1%, P<0.0001). Women had a higher unadjusted rate of in-hospital mortality than did men in both patients with STEMI (women, 9.4%, versus men, 4.5%) and patients with NSTEMI (women, 4.7%, versus men, 2.9%). After adjustment, this difference remained significant in STEMI (adjusted odds ratio, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.24–1.64]) but not in NSTEMI (adjusted odds ratio, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.83–1.13]). After discharge, women developed heart failure after STEMI (women, 22.5%, versus men, 14.9%) as well as after NSTEMI (women, 23.2%, versus men, 15.7%). The adjusted relative risk for women versus men of developing the outcomes of mortality and heart failure remained similar across years, although the differences were nonsignificantly attenuated over 5 years of follow-up. Conclusions: Although some attenuation of differences in clinical outcomes over time has occurred, women remain at higher risk than men of dying or developing heart failure in the subsequent 5 years after STEMI or NSTEMI, even after accounting for differences in angiographic findings, revascularization, and other confounders.