Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Buncefield explosion: A benchmark for infrasound analysis across Central Europe

SUMMARY A large explosion occurred at the Buncefield Oil Depot, United Kingdom, on the 2005 December 11, as the result of a spillage of 300 tonnes of petrol. The explosion generated large amplitude infrasonic signals that were recorded at ranges of up to 1400 km. We present an analysis of data from across Central Europe using seven infrasound arrays, four of which recorded a total of 20 infrasonic arrivals, and 49 seismometers, which recorded 89 air-toground coupled arrivals. Exceptionally high amplitude stratospheric winds occurred at the time of the explosion, propagating east–southeast with speeds of up to 130 m s −1 , generating a highly efficient duct for infrasound propagation. The Buncefield explosion can therefore be considered as a benchmark for studying the influence of different propagation algorithms and atmospheric models on phase identification, source location and yield estimation. Significant improvements are made in phase identification using accurate atmospheric parametrizations and 3-D modelling, where we identify 18 of the 20 observed phases, compared to seasonal atmospheric models and 1-D ray tracing which only identify seven of the phases. Additionally, various location scenarios are considered, including cross-bearings and least-squares traveltime and backazimuth inversion, all of which estimate locations within 35 km of ground truth. A novel single array location method using multiple phases works comparably well. Yield estimates made using the stratospheric arrival amplitudes exhibit one order of magnitude variability across the network, with a mean estimate of 51 tonnes high explosive equivalent. Detailed studies, such as this, are important for developing a successful monitoring regime for atmospheric or surface events, and for assessing the capability of the infrasound monitoring component of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty verification system.
Tools and techniques for classifying behaviours in canine epilepsy

Idiopathic epilepsy is the most common neurological disease in dogs. Similar to humans, dogs with epilepsy often experience behavioural comorbidities such as increased fear, anxiety, and aggression, as reported by their caregivers. Investigations of behaviour in canine epilepsy have yet to untangle interictal and pre and postictal behaviours, prodromal changes, and seizure-precipitating factors. Under-recognition of absence and focal seizures further complicates these assessments. These complex behavioural presentations in combination with caring for an epileptic animal have a significant negative impact on the dog’s and caregiver’s quality of life. Despite the growing recognition of behavioural comorbidities and their impact on quality of life in dogs with epilepsy, few objective research methods for classifying and quantifying canine behaviour exist. This narrative review examines the strengths, limitations, and granularity of three tools used in the investigation of canine behaviour and epilepsy; questionnaires, electroencephalography, and actigraphy. It suggests that a prospective combination of these three tools has the potential to offer improvements to the objective classification and quantification of canine behaviour in epilepsy.
Factors Influencing Rural Farmers' Access to Agricultural Extension Services Provided by Private Organizations in Kibondo District, Tanzania

Agricultural extension plays a very important role in improving agricultural productivity in many countries, including Tanzania. Through agricultural extension services, farmers acquire useful information to minimize agricultural production challenges. Though farmers in many countries, including Tanzania, still rely on public extension services, the governments in many countries have started to open doors for non-governmental organizations (NGOs), farmer-based organizations, and private agribusiness firms to provide services to farmers. Regardless of their existence still access to extension services provided by private organizations has remained a main question. Studies have consistently pointed out that only a few farmers in rural areas get access to extension services provided by private organizations. Low access to extension services by rural farmers has contributed to low agricultural production in rural areas and has remained the main factor for persistent poverty. There are limited studies documenting the factors for low access to agricultural extension services provided by private organizations. This study aimed to determine factors influencing rural farmers’ access to agricultural extension services provided by private organizations in the Kibondo district. The study used a cross-sectional research design and data were collected by interviewing 120 farmers sampled from four villages. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model techniques. The study found that only 18.3% of farmers had access to extension services. Gender, marital status, education level, farmers’ income, and group membership had a positive and statistically significant association with access to extension services. The study concluded that only a small proportion of rural farmers in the study area had access to extension services. It is recommended that the provision of extension services by private organizations should consider the identified factors.
Teleconnections between tropical‐extratropical oceans and the daily intensity of extreme rainfall over Argentina

A Singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis was performed jointly on the daily intensity of extreme rainfall (DIER) over Argentina and the sea surface temperature (SST) of all the oceans from 17.5°N to 90°S in order to identify the large‐scale variability of the SSTs related to extreme rainfall, in the period 1962–2005. The main objective of the article is to objectively recognize regions of the tropical and subtropical oceans that could be related with the extreme rainfall over Argentina. Spring is the season that is best represented by the first mode, accounting for up to 45% of the covariance between the DIER and SST. The first SVD mode of spring, summer and autumn presents a pattern of SST relating to the El Niño‐Southern Oscillations (ENSO) phenomena with an enhanced DIER in different zones of centre and east of Argentina. In the second SVD mode of spring and summer, the SST patterns show cold conditions in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic and near Indonesia with an enhancement of the DIER in the centre and east of Argentina. These modes show a significant decadal variability. In the third SVD mode of spring and summer, the SST patterns present warm and cold conditions in the Indian Ocean and the centre and western Pacific Ocean (PO) with decreased rainfall in the northern and eastern portion of Argentina, respectively. This mode shows a significant period of temporal variability of around 14 years. The third mode of autumn presents warm conditions in the tropical Atlantic and the southwest PO with a low DIER in the centre and east of Argentina. This mode also presents temporal variability of around 14 years. The correlation between each mode derived from analysis of SVD and climate indices related with SST were computed. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Effect of Strain and Surface Proximity on the Acceptor Grouping in ZnO

According to the present knowledge, the level of zinc oxide conductivity is determined by donor and acceptor complexes involving native defects and hydrogen. In turn, recently published low-temperature cathodoluminescence images and scanning photoelectron microscopy results on ZnO and ZnO/N films indicate grouping of acceptor and donor complexes in different crystallites, but the origin of this phenomenon remains unclear. The density functional theory calculations on undoped ZnO presented here show that strain and surface proximity noticeably influence the formation energy of acceptor complexes, and therefore, these complexes can be more easily formed in crystallites providing appropriate strain. This effect may be responsible for the clustering of acceptor centers only in certain crystallites or near the surface. Low-temperature photoluminescence spectra confirm the strong dependence of acceptor luminescence on the structure of the ZnO film.
Clinical supervision over complex cases of personality disorders according to metacognitive interpersonal therapy

Treating patients with Personality Disorders (PDs) means dealing with what are often referred to as complex cases. The complexity of cases stems from several variables and in particular: the high percentage of diagnostic co-occurrences, patients' difficulty in reflecting on their own and others' mental states (i.e., metacognitive impairments), and the strong emotional pressure experienced by therapists. All this results in difficulties in building the therapeutic alliance and high drop-out rates. For these reasons, therapists often need supervision, with a more experienced therapist or even among peers. This article proposes the structured supervision model according to Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy (MIT), which is an evidence-based treatment model for PDs.
Post-emplacement thermo-rheological history of a granite intrusion and surrounding rocks: the Monte Capanne pluton, Elba Island, Italy

Abstract A thermo-rheological model of the Monte Capanne pluton, Elba Island, Italy is proposed as having general relevance for the thermal and tectonic evolution of upper crustal granites and their surrounding rocks in extensional regions. The thermal evolution of the pluton and country rocks is followed for 1 myr after emplacement, which occurred at c. 6.9 Ma. The pluton completely crystallized in c. 210 kyr (±20%). The adjacent rocks reached a thermal peak of 550 °C (±10%), maintaining a temperature higher than 500 °C for c. 100 kyr. The temperature distribution is used to construct a model for the time-dependent rheology of the pluton and surrounding rocks. A series of 2D cross-sections shows an upward migration of the regional brittle−ductile transition, and the formation of a ductile horizon above the pluton. The former is a combined effect of unroofing and middle crust heating; the latter is the result of temperature increase in rheologically weak country rocks. This ductile horizon has a potential role in the tectonic evolution of the region, since it could favour the formation of upper crustal shear zones and listric faults rooting in the transient brittle−ductile transition and playing a major role in further post-emplacement extension.
Worldwide Doublets of Large Shallow Earthquakes

Abstract We investigated all the pairs of Mw >-- 7.5 shallow earthquakes in the Harvard catalog that occurred at a centroid distance of less than 100 km. We showed that most of these pairs have similar focal mechanisms. Because these earthquakes generally should have focal regions in excess of 100 km diameter, their rupture zones apparently intersect. For all these pairs, the time interval is significantly less than the time span needed for plate motion to accumulate the strain released by the first event. These observations conflict strongly with quasi-periodic recurrence models on which the seismic gap hypothesis is based. Power-law recurrence fits these earthquake ob- servations much better. Introduction Many models used to forecast long-term seismic hazard are based on the quasi-periodic or seismic cycle hypothesis of large earthquake occurrence. This hypothesis assumes that the probability of a large earthquake is low after signifi- cant release of seismic energy and that danger increases only when tectonic plate motion accumulates strain sufficient for a new strong event. Several models have been formulated to apply this idea to long-term earthquake prediction (McCann
Mixture design of α‐pinene, α‐terpineol, and 1,8‐cineole: A multiobjective response followed by chemometric approaches to optimize the antibacterial effect against various bacteria and antioxidant activity

Abstract α‐Pinene, α‐terpineol, and 1,8‐cineole are compounds naturally present in essential oils, although their amounts vary from oil to oil. Although several studies have reported their antibacterial and antioxidant effects, there are few reports on the synergistic or antagonistic effects of their combinations. The objective of this study was to investigate the combined antibacterial effect of these three compounds. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the prediction of their optimal combination using the mixture design approach. The experimental antibacterial activity of the α‐pinene, α‐terpineol, and 1,8‐cineole mixtures depended on the proportion of each compound in the mixture and the target strain, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 0.31 to 1.85 mg/mL. Using the increased simplex‐centroid mixture design, the mixture containing 0.33% of each molecule proved to be the most effective against Bacillus cereus and had the lowest MIC values. In addition, α‐pinene, α‐terpineol, and 1,8‐cineole showed significant antioxidant activity against 2,2‐picryl‐1‐hydrazyl radical (DPPH), with IC50 values of 24.53 ± 0.05, 65.63 ± 0.71, and 63.58 ± 0.01 μg/mL, respectively. Statistical planning and the development of utility profiles of the substance mixtures can predict the optimal composition that will exhibit the highest antibacterial activity against B. cereus as well as antioxidant properties. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of the mixtures can contribute significantly to their successful use as natural preservatives in various applications.
The Effects of the Digitally Supported Multimodal Print Texts on Students’ Summarization Skills

The aim of this study is to analyse the effects of the multimodal texts created from print texts through addition of digital mode on the students’s summarizing skills. Through the ROAR the digital modes were integrated into the print texts and the multimodal texts were produced. There are two such texts, one of them is an informative text, and the other one is a narrative text. The participants of the study were 128 seventh grade secondary school students from Antalya province (Türkiye) whose ages range between 12 and 13. They were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. At the pre-test step both groups read and summarized the print texts. At the post-test step the experimental group read and summarized the multimodal texts created by adding a digital mode whereas the control group the print texts. The results showed that there was a significant difference in favor of the experimental group in the total scores and content scores concerning the informative and narrative texts. On the other hand, it is found that the form and style scores from the informative and narrative texts did not differ significantly between the groups. In addition, in the post-test results of the experimental group, there was a significant difference in favor of the narrative text. The results suggest that the use of the multimodal texts have positive effects on the participants’ summarizing skills.
Relationship between Anxiety and Problematic Smartphone Use in First-Year Junior High School Students: Moderated Mediation Effects of Physical Activity and School Adjustment

Background and aims: Despite previous research identifying anxiety as a risk factor for problematic smartphone use among students, the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying the relationship between the two aforementioned variables are poorly understood. This study aims to explore the relationship between anxiety and problematic smartphone use among first-year junior high school students, together with the mediating effects of school adjustment and the moderating effects of physical activity on the mentioned relationship. Method: This study was conducted using a Web-based self-report questionnaire survey with data collected from 445 first-year junior high school students in Jinan City, Shandong Province. Mediation and moderation analyses were performed using the PROCESS macro in SPSS. Results: The results showed that anxiety predicted problematic smartphone use not only directly but also indirectly via school adjustment. School adjustment played a partial mediating role in the relationship between anxiety and problematic smartphone use. Physical activity also played a moderating role in the relationship between anxiety and school adjustment. Conclusion: school adjustment and physical activity may be important variables in the relationship between anxiety and problematic smartphone use.
Wearable Accelerometer and Gyroscope Sensors for Estimating the Severity of Essential Tremor

Background: Several validated clinical scales measure the severity of essential tremor (ET). Their assessments are subjective and can depend on familiarity and training with scoring systems. Method: We propose a multi-modal sensing using a wearable inertial measurement unit for estimating scores on the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin tremor rating scale (FTM) and determine the classification accuracy within the tremor type. 17 ET participants and 18 healthy controls were recruited for the study. Two movement disorder neurologists who were blinded to prior clinical information viewed video recordings and scored the FTM. Participants drew a guided Archimedes spiral while wearing an inertial measurement unit placed at the mid-point between the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the anatomical snuff box. Acceleration and gyroscope recordings were analyzed. The ratio of the power spectral density between frequency bands 0.5-4 Hz and 4–12 Hz, and the sum of power spectrum density over the entire spectrum of 2–74 Hz, for both accelerometer and gyroscope data, were computed. FTM was estimated using regression model and classification using SVM was validated using the leave-one-out method. Results: Regression analysis showed a moderate to good correlation when individual features were used, while correlation was high ( $r^{2}$ = 0.818) when suitable features of the gyro and accelerometer were combined. The accuracy for two-class classification of the combined features using SVM was 91.42% while for four-class it was 68.57%. Conclusion: Potential applications of this novel wearable sensing method using a wearable Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) include monitoring of ET and clinical trials of new treatments for the disorder.
Substance Use, Fear of Future HIV Infection and Quality of Life of Household Heads in Rural and Semi Urban Communities of Ibadan

Quality of life (QOL) among household heads is important because it may serve as a mirror to underlying family psychopathology and well-being. This study examined pattern of quality of life of household heads and the role of substance use (tobacco and alcohol) in the impact of fear of H IV infection on quality of life among household heads in Nigeria. Five hundred and seventy nine (male: 77%; female 24%) household heads with mean age 43.9± 12.23 participated in the study. Mean quality of life were (24.64, SD = ±4.80) jar physical, (10.73, SD = ±.2.11)for social, (24.57, SD = ±4.56); for environmental, and (21.44, SD = ±4.1l) for psychological). Multivariate analysis showed a significant effect of fear of future HIV infection on physical [F (3,564) = 13.367, p < . 05}, and social [F (3,564) = 3.12, p < . 05] qualities of life of household head respectively. A significantly effect of tobacco use was also observed on environmental quality of life [F (1, 564) = 85.313, p < . 05}. A significant interaction effect of fear of future HIV infection and either alcohol or tobacco use on physical quality of life [F (2, 564) = 16.921 P < . 05J was observed. Also shown was a significant interaction effect of alcohol and tobacco usage on the physical [F (1, 564) = 14.986, p < . 05] as well as social [F (1,564) = 5.992, p < . 05] qualities of life of the household heads. It was concluded that substance use (tobacco and alcohol use) may attenuate the impact of fear of future HIVIAIDS infection on quality of life of household heads in Ibadan, Nigeria.
Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Their Surgical Management: Our Experience at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar

Background: Surgeons face a therapeutic challenge while treating diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), particularly in underdeveloped nations with limited healthcare resources and a high proportion of patients who arrive at medical institutions with advanced foot ulcers. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of treatment in patients with DFUs and to demonstrate how early surgical intervention and appropriate bedside medical care can improve results. Material and methods: This prospective study was carried out at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan, to assess how DFUs changed over a period between November 2021 and December 2022 at the wards and at the outpatient department of endocrinology and general surgery. A diabetic patient's foot is first screened for ulceration in the endocrinology department, and only those with active ulcers are referred to the surgical department. Results: According to the Wagner classification, there were six (13.6%) cases in grade I, 11 (25%) in grade 2, 10 (22.7%) in grade 3, 13 (29.5%) in grade 4, and four (9%) in grade 5. Among comorbidities, a family history of diabetes mellitus was noted in 25 (56.8%) patients, followed by tobacco chewing and alcohol in 10 (22.7%) and hypertension in nine (20.4%) patients. Conclusion: Diabetes foot ulceration is the most common reason for non-traumatic lower limb amputation in people with diabetes mellitus and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.
An Investigation of Social Acceptance Levels of Students with Typical Development toward Their Peers with Special Needs in terms of Certain Variables

The aim of this study is to investigate the level of social acceptance of students with typical development in inclusive classes towards individuals with special needs in terms of certain variables. In this study, the screening model was used, which is one of the quantitative research methods. The reason for choosing the screening model in the research is to determine the relationship between different variables such as gender, parents' education level, and whether there is a disabled person in the student's immediate environment and the level of social acceptance. In the 2019-2020 academic year, 1083 6th, 7th, and 8th grade students in inclusive classes in public secondary schools in Turkey participated in the study. The Social Acceptance Scale developed by Arslan (2010) with an internal consistency coefficient of . 93 was used. The statistical package was used to analyze the data. The results of the study revealed that there was a significant difference in social acceptance levels of students with typical development towards their peers with special needs (p˂0.001) according to the variables as ge nder, father's education level, grade level, the presence of disabled people among relatives, previous attendance of kindergarten and nursery in the past, family status. However, it was found out that there was no statistically significant difference between the mother’s level of education of the students with typical development and their social acceptance levels towards their peers with special needs.Keywords:Social acceptance, inclusive education, peer, typically developing student