Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is Solar Wind electron precipitation a source of neutral heating in the nightside Martian upper atmosphere?

Solar Wind (SW) electron precipitation is able to deposit a substantial amount of energy in the nightside Martian upper atmosphere, potentially exerting an influence on its thermal structure. This study serves as the first investigation of such an issue, with the aid of the simultaneous measurements of both neutral density and energetic electron intensity made on board the recent Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft. We report that, from a statistical point of view, the existing measurements do not support a scenario of noticeable neutral heating via SW electron precipitation. However, during 3%−4% of the MAVEN orbits for which data are available, strong correlation between nightside temperature and electron intensity is observed, manifested as collocated enhancements in both parameters, as compared to the surrounding regions. In addition, our analysis also indicates that neutral heating via SW electron precipitation tends to be more effective at altitudes below 160 km for integrated electron intensities above 0.01 ergs·cm−2·s−1 over the energy range of 3−450 eV. The results reported here highlight the necessity of incorporating SW electron precipitation as a heat source in the nightside Martian upper atmosphere under extreme circumstances such as during interplanetary coronal mass ejections.
A MODEL FOR DESCRIBING THE WATER SORPTION BEHAVIOR OF FOODS

A multilayer adsorption equation, originally developed for physical adsorption on nonuniform surfaces, is used to describe the water sorption behavior of a great variety of foods and food components. Characteristic parameters of the sorption equation, for each of the products tested, were computed. A comparison was made between Halsey's equation and Henderson's classical one. Literature data for 220 food isotherms, comprising 69 different materials, were utilized to compare both equations. It was found that in most cases Halsey's equation has a better fit than Henderson's.
Factors Influencing Use of Social Commerce: An Empirical Study from Indonesia

This research aims to analyze the factors affecting the acceptance of social commerce, including performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social support, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, habitability, price saving orientation, and privacy concerns using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2). UTAUT2 has been examined and modified in various contexts. The research model studies the acceptance and use of technology in the context of customers. This study adopts a quantitative method using the partial least squares regression (PLS) approach involving 244 respondents. The respondents are users of social commerce in Indonesia. The result of this research indicates that social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, habit, price value orientation, and privacy concerns have a significant effect on behavioral intention. On the other hand, performance expectancy and effort expectancy does not affect behavioral intention. Furthermore, price value has a significant effect on social commerce user behavior. Lastly, facilitating conditions and habits does not affect social commerce user behavior. This research contributes to the development of theory by examining an additional variable, which is privacy concern. This study is significant since social media and social commerce have grown exponentially nowadays. Implications of the results for the development of the theory (UTAUT2) and practice are discussed in the article.
Electrical performances degradations and physics based mechanisms under negative bias temperature instability stress for p-GaN gate high electron mobility transistors

In this paper, an in-depth evaluation of the negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) in p-GaN gate high electron mobility transistors with Schottky-type gate contact has been reported in detail. The measured results reveal that the threshold voltage (V th) positively shifts by 0.35 V and the on-state drain-source resistance (R dson) increases by 24.2 mΩ within 1 h at room temperature, even under the minimum allowed operating gate-voltage condition (V gs = −10 V) in the datasheet of the commercial device. With the help of energy band theory and experimental analyses, donor-type traps are demonstrated to dominate the degradation by reducing the positive charges in the p-GaN cap. Moreover, further quantitative analysis has been performed by the conductance–frequency measurements method. Considering the risk of degradation induced by NBTI, it turns necessary for the system designers to choose a more suitable negative bias operating condition so as to extend the robustness of the entire power system.
Measuring citizen readiness to adopt electronic citizen relationship management (E-CIRM) using technology readiness index (TRI)

The basic principle of using ICT is to facilitate human life. Likewise, Electronic Citizen Relationship Management (e-CiRM) is used to provide the best service for citizens and to manage good relations between regional governments and their citizens. However, in several cities there are still several obstacles in the adoption of Electronic Citizen Relationship Management (e-CiRM). One of the important problems in adopting Electronic Citizen Relationship Management (e-CiRM) is the unpreparedness of human resources. Users who are not ready will reduce the efficiency of the system so that Electronic Citizen Relationship Management (e-CiRM) cannot be implemented and used optimally in its operations so that it becomes useless. The purpose of this study is to measure the level of readiness of citizens as technology users in Electronic Citizen Relationship Management (e-CiRM) in Serang Banten Indonesia using the Technology Readiness Index (TRI) method and to find solutions so that the implementation of Electronic Citizen Relationship Management (e-CiRM) can be implemented successfully with results that are well. The measurement results in this study indicate that four dimensions (optimism, innovation, discomfort and insecurity) have a significant effect on the TR variable. so that it can be seen the readiness of citizens in adopting Electronic Citizen Relationship Management (e-CiRM).
Removal of a common textile dye, navy blue (NB), from aqueous solutions by combined process of coagulation–flocculation followed by adsorption

AbstractThe decolorization and removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of a textile dye, Navy blue CE-RN (NB), were investigated from aqueous solutions by combined process of coagulation–flocculation(C–F) and adsorption. Common coagulants (alum, lime, poly aluminum chloride (PACl), and ferric chloride) and clay [montmorillonite (Mt) and nanomontmorillonite (NMt)] were used in C–F and adsorption steps, respectively. The maximum COD and dye removal was observed by coagulant of PACl in the C–F process. The optimum conditions for dye removal by PACl were occurred by coagulant dose of 0.1 g/L at pH 6. In the adsorption process, the optimum contact times of 120 and 20 min were obtained for Mt and NMt, respectively. The findings indicated that the optimum conditions for the dye sorption were observed at pH 2 and the adsorbent dose 1.8 g/L. The sorption data also showed that the adsorption of NB onto the sorbents was better followed the pseudo-second order kinetic models. The dye and COD concentrations during the.
Experimental and CFD Simulation Study for the Wetting of a Structured Packing Element with Liquids

The hydrodynamics of liquid flow in packed columns affects the column performance from the point of view of heat and mass transfer. The interfacial and the specific wetted areas are decisive in this case. The complex three-dimensional liquid flow on a single structured and flat packing element of Rombopak 4M was investigated. It consists of four connected wavy inclined plates in an X-shape configuration. The geometric characteristics of the packing were related to the fluid mechanics of the liquid distribution. CFD simulation results for different cell sizes and flow rates, obtained using the VOF (volume of fluid) model, are presented as being capable of describing this complex geometry. With the help of the CFD simulation and the experimental results from Rombopak 4M, correlations from the literature describing the interfacial and wetted area and liquid holdup in packed columns were adjusted to describe the hydrodynamic performance of Rombopak 4M.
Microwave treatment to accelerate fixation of copper-ethanolamine (Cu-EA) treated wood

Amine-copper based wood preservative systems are being proposed to replace copper chromate arsenic in some applications. One of the limiting factors of their potential extensive use is the leachability of copper in the surrounding environment and the reduced service life of the treated products. About 20 to 35% of copper in amine-copper treated southern pine is available for eventual leaching from treated wood (Waldron et al. 2003). At 4 kg m3 ACQ (alkaline copper quarternary) retention for above ground applications and 6.4 kg m3 for ground contact applications, this corresponds to depletion of about 0.53 to 0.93 kg m3 CuO, respectively. This short note describes a laboratory investigation on the use of microwave post-treatment to reduce the amount of copper released from copper-ethanolamine (Cu-EA) pressure-treated southern pine wood cubes.
‘They’ve Been with Me the Whole Journey’: Temporality, Emotional Labour and Hairdressing Work

The role of time in organisational and relational development remains an understudied component of work and employment. In response, this article draws attention to the ways that temporality informs relations between workers and clients in service work. Drawing on data from interviews and observations with hair stylists in salons located in the North East of England from 2016 to 2018, we provide a nuanced account of emotional service work by considering the role of the temporal dynamics of recurrence and experience. Describing that which we label ‘relational trajectories’, we show the role of time in developing more authentic service performances. We conclude that acknowledging time allows for a more refined conceptual understanding of how emotional labour is performed based on an appreciation of how relations develop and change. Emotional labour is positioned as highly nuanced and adaptive in its responses to the specificities of relational trajectories that unfold over time.
The Effect of Gadget Usage on the Social Development of Children Aged 3-5 Years: Literature Review

The gadget is a term in English which defines a small electronic device with various functions. The use of gadgets has both positive and negative impacts. This study uses a Systematic Literature Review, a synthesis of systemic, precise, comprehensive literature studies by identifying, analyzing, evaluating through collecting existing data with an explicit search method and involving a critical review process in selecting the studies. The data used by 7 national journals were obtained from the results of screening several journals from Google Scholar and the National Library of Indonesia. Based on the results of the journals collected and the author's analysis, it was found that there was a significant influence between the use of gadgets on the social development of children aged 3-5 years. For further researchers, it is hoped that they can research with two different groups, namely the control group that uses and does not use gadgets.
Computation of forces between spherical colloidal particles : nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann theory

Abstract A numerical scheme has been developed to calculate the electrical double-layer force between two spherical colloidal particles based on the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann theory. Results for identical spheres interacting under constant surface potential, constant surface charge, or equilibrium dissociation of ionizable surface groups are given. The method can be readily applied to the case of nonidentical spheres. These results serve as benchmarks for delineating the accuracy of approximate methods for the calculation of the interaction between particles based on the Deryaguin approximation, the superposition approximation, and the Hogg-Healy-Fuerstenau approximation, as well as numerical solutions of the problem based on the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann (Debye-Huckel) theory.
Microstructural and Optical Characterization of Heterostructures of ZnS/CdS and CdS/ZnS Synthesized by Chemical Bath Deposition Method

ZnS/glass and CdS/glass single layers and ZnS/CdS and CdS/ZnS heterojunction thin films were deposited by the chemical bath deposition method using zinc acetate and cadmium acetate as the metal ion sources and thioacetamide as a nonmetallic ion source in acidic medium. Na2EDTA was used as a complexing agent to control the free cation concentration. The single layer and heterojunction thin films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and a UV-VIS spectrometer. The XRD patterns of the CdS/glass thin film deposited on the soda lime glass substrate crystalized in the cubic structure with a single peak along the (111) plane. The ZnS/CdS heterojunction and ZnS/glass single layer thin films were crystalized in the hexagonal ZnS structure. The CdS/ZnS heterojunction thin film is nearly amorphous. The optical analysis results confirmed single band gap values of 2.75 eV and 2.5 eV for ZnS/CdS and CdS/ZnS heterojunction thin films, respectively. The CdS/glass and CdS/ZnS thin films have more imaginary dielectric components than the real part. The optical conductivity of the single layer and heterojunction films is in the order of 10 15 1/s. The optical study also confirmed refractive index values between 2 and 2.7 for ZnS/glass, ZnS/CdS, and CdS/ZnS thin films for incident photon energies between 1.2 eV and 3.8 eV. The surface morphology studies revealed compacted spherical grains covering the substrate surfaces with few cracks on ZnS/glass, ZnS/CdS, and CdS/glass and voids on CdS/ZnS thin films. The EDX result confirmed nearly 1 : 1 metallic to nonmetallic ion ratio in the single-layered thin films and the dominance of Zn ion over Cd ion in both ZnS/CdS and CdS/ZnS heterojunction thin films.
Accounting information in innovative small cap firms: evidence from London’s Alternative Investment Market

We posit that investors and social media users place more weight on cash flows than on earnings for innovative small cap firms and that, in turn, innovative small cap firms (i) manage cash flows more than earnings, and (ii) disclose more cash flow than earnings information on social media. Using a matched sample of innovative and non-innovative small cap firms listed on the London’s Alternative Investment Market (AIM), we document that the value relevance of cash flows (earnings) is higher (lower) for innovative compared to non-innovative small cap firms. Using Twitter to examine the demand of accounting performance measures, we find that Twitter users more frequently retweet and include as ‘Favorite’ information about cash flows, than information about earnings for innovative small cap firms. We then show that innovative small cap firms engage less intensively in earnings management and exhibit higher abnormal cash flows compared to non-innovative small cap firms. Innovative small cap firms emphasise more information in their tweets about cash flows and less about earnings compared to non-innovative small cap firms. Cross-sectional tests demonstrate that seasoned equity offerings provide additional incentives to engage in increasing abnormal cash flow management activities.
Building the Bridge Between Schools and Families through Assessment of Young English Language Learners

Building the Bridge Between Schools and Families through Assessment of Young English Language Learners DAVID PRATT Purdue University Northwest ABSTRACT Teachers of English Language Learners (ELLs) have a unique opportunity to connect with families through observation, documentation, and assessment of children. Assessments using developmentally appropriate and asset-based approaches can be collected and shared with families to engage them in the learning process. This article provides practical steps for using a variety of formative assessment methods by which teachers of ELL's can build this vital bridge to families successfully.
V
 -Prox-Regular Functions in Smooth Banach Spaces

In this paper, we continue the study of the - prox-regularity that we have started recently for sets. We define an appropriate concept of the - prox-regularity for functions in reflexive smooth Banach spaces by adapting the one given in Hilbert spaces. Our main goal is to study the relationship between the - prox-regularity of a given l.s. c. and the - prox-regularity of its epigraph.
A New Species of Snailfish (Cottiformes: Liparidae) Closely Related to Careproctus melanurus of the Eastern North Pacific

A new species, Careproctus ambustus, is described from 64 specimens based on evidence from morphological and molecular data. Specimens of Careproctus ambustus, new species, have been historically misidentified as the common Blacktail Snailfish, C. melanurus. The new species is distinguished from C. melanurus by its higher numbers of vertebrae (62–66 vs. 56–62 in C. melanurus), dorsal-fin rays (57–63 vs. 53–58), and anal-fin rays (51–55 vs. 46–51), and longer pelvic disc (14.1–21.2 vs. 12.6–20.7 % HL). In addition, the new species differs from C. melanurus by seven base pairs within a 492-base-pair region of the cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 region, a 1.4% sequence divergence. Careproctus ambustus, new species, is found at depths of 58–1,172 m and ranges from Japan, through Alaska, to the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, where its distribution overlaps with C. melanurus, which ranges from southern Alaska and British Columbia to Baja California.
A comparison of self-care activities and diabetes distress among type II diabetic patients in urban and rural field practice area: a cross-sectional study

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by inherited and/or acquired deficiency in production of insulin by the pancreas, or by the ineffectiveness of the insulin produced. Diabetes is a challenging disease that is considered to be hard to live with as it encompasses a lot of restrictive instructions. Self-care diabetes has been defined as an evolutionary process of development of knowledge or awareness by learning to survive with the complex nature of diabetes. The vast majority of day-today care in diabetes is handled by patients and/or families there is an important need for reliable and valid measures for self-management of diabetes. It is expected that those with the greater knowledge will have a better understanding of the disease and have a better impact on the progression of disease and complications. A Study conducted in South India found that there is a very poor self-care practices and adherence to the treatment. Diabetic distress refers to an emotional state where people experience feelings such as stress, guilt or denial that arise from the living with diabetes and the burden of ABSTRACT
Vertebrae-Based Body Length Estimation in Crocodylians and Its Implication for Sexual Maturity and the Maximum Sizes

Synopsis Body size is fundamental to the physiology and ecology of organisms. Crocodyliforms are no exception, and several methods have been developed to estimate their absolute body sizes from bone measurements. However, species-specific sizes, such as sexually mature sizes and the maximum sizes were not taken into account due to the challenging maturity assessment of osteological specimens. Here, we provide a vertebrae-based method to estimate absolute and species-specific body lengths in crocodylians. Lengths of cervical to anterior caudal centra were measured and relations between the body lengths (snout–vent and total lengths [TLs]) and lengths of either a single centrum or a series of centra were modeled for extant species. Additionally, states of neurocentral (NC) suture closure were recorded for the maturity assessment. Comparisons of TLs and timings of NC suture closure showed that most extant crocodylians reach sexual maturity before closure of precaudal NC sutures. Centrum lengths (CLs) of the smallest individuals with closed precaudal NC sutures within species were correlated with the species maximum TLs in extant taxa; therefore, the upper or lower limit of the species maximum sizes can be determined from CLs and states of NC suture closure. The application of the current method to noncrocodylian crocodyliforms requires similar numbers of precaudal vertebrae, body proportions, and timings of NC suture closure as compared to extant crocodylians.
Examining the Climate Effects of a Regional Nuclear Weapons Exchange Using a Multiscale Atmospheric Modeling Approach

Recent studies examine the potential for large urban fires ignited in a hypothetical nuclear exchange of one hundred 15 kt weapons between India and Pakistan to alter the climate (e.g., Mills et al., 2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013EF000205, and Reisner et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027331). In this study, the global climate forcing and response is predicted by combining two atmospheric models, which together span the micro‐scale to global scale processes involved. Individual fire plumes are modeled using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, and the climate response is predicted by injecting the WRF‐simulated black carbon (BC) emissions into the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) atmosphere model Version 1 (EAMv1). Consistent with previous studies, the radiative forcing depends on smoke quantity and injection height, examined here as functions of fuel loading and atmospheric conditions. If the fuel burned is 1 g cm−2, BC is quickly removed from the troposphere, causing no global mean climate forcing. If the fuel burned is 16 g cm−2 and 100 such fires occurred simultaneously with characteristics similar to historical large urban firestorms, BC reaches the stratosphere, reducing solar radiation and causing cooling at the Earth's surface. Uncertainties in smoke composition and aerosol representation cause large uncertainties in the magnitude of the radiative forcing and cooling. The approximately 4 yr duration of the radiative forcing is shorter than the 8 to 15 yr that has previously been simulated. Uncertainties point to the need for further development of potential nuclear exchange scenarios, quantification of fuel loading, and improved understanding of fire propagation and aerosol modeling.
The language and non-language benefits of literature in foreign language education: An exploratory study of learners’ views

Set against the backcloth of increasing recognition and attention to literature in foreign language education (FLE) globally, this article reports part of a large-scale study of 1,190 secondary-level learners’ views of the benefits of literature, as instantiated by short stories (ShS) and poems and songs (PS) in their English-as-a-foreign-language learning. An inventory of 27 items (13 language-related and 14 non-language-related) was compiled with reference to previous studies and curricular documents. The analyses compared the two modules through independent t-tests, as well as including an exploratory factor analysis to examine latent factors. Findings reveal a three factor structure and a slightly positive view of the benefits of literature. ShS were perceived to be generally more beneficial than PS, especially in the domains of generic skills and work/studies. There were benefits common to ShS and PS, which by extension, may be universal to literary texts at large. This study makes a theoretical contribution by unveiling the potential value of literature in FLE and the three underlying factors of its perceived benefits. Practically, the inventory can be used by foreign language (FL) teachers to measure students’ perceptions to inform their use of literature in FLE.