Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are There Differences in the Reaction of the Light-Tolerant Subgenus Pinus spp. Biomass to Climate Change as Compared to Light-Intolerant Genus Picea spp.?

Currently, the problem of the impact of climate change on the productivity of forest ecosystems and their carbon-depositing capacity is far from being solved. Therefore, this paper presents the models for the stand biomass of the two-needled subgenus’ (Pinus spp.) and the genus Picea spp. ’s trends along the trans-Eurasian hydrothermal gradients, designed for pure stands in a number of 2110- and 870-sample plots with Pinus and Picea correspondingly. It was found that in the case of an increase in mean winter temperatures by 1 °C, pine and spruce respond by increasing the biomass of most components, and in the case of an increase in the annual sum of precipitation by 100 mm, the total, aboveground, stem and root biomasses of pine and spruce react the same way, but crown biomass reacts in the opposite way. Therefore, all identified trends are species-specific.
Everyday memory failures across adulthood: Implications for the age prospective memory paradox

Despite the prevalence of everyday memory failures, little is known about which specific types have the strongest impact on everyday life, and whether their impact changes across adulthood. An investigation of memory failures at different ages is particularly informative to disentangle the age paradox in prospective memory, which seems to suggest that remembering to perform intended actions in everyday life improves with age. Therefore, 58 young adults, 40 middle-aged adults, and 54 elderly adults recorded their memory failures as and when they occurred during a 7-day period, and described how serious and consequential they were. Failures were coded into several subcategories of retrospective memory, prospective memory, and absent-minded lapses. It was prospective memory lapses that were overall the most common, serious and consequential ones. Young adults had substantially more prospective memory failures than the elderly and middle-aged adults who did not differ from each other. A young adult disadvantage still held up when lifestyle differences between young adults and the elderly were taken into account. Our findings support the age-related benefit previously found in naturalistic prospective memory tasks, and suggest that it is robust across various types of prospective memory tasks. The results also suggest that the benefit may result from both young adults having poor everyday prospective memory, compared to any adults of a greater age, and everyday prospective memory being spared from age-related decline between the middle and late adulthood.
Determining the risk factors and characteristics of de novo stress urinary incontinence in women undergoing pelvic organ prolapse surgery: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common problem in women that affects their quality of life. According to the current evidence, 15%-50% of severe pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgeries lead to de novo urinary incontinence (UI). This study aimed at determining the risk factors and characteristics of de novo SUI after POP surgeries in a systematic review. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a systematic search of articles in English related to the risk of UI after POP surgery published until December 2019 in the selected bibliographic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest. RESULTS The initial search resulted in 2,363 studies, and after reviewing the titles and abstracts, 146 studies were identified. Moreover, 2 independent reviewers, using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists, evaluated the risk of biases in the selected studies. Finally, 40 studies met the inclusion criteria. The most important predictors of UI after POP surgery were positive pessary testing, age >50 years, and maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) <60 cmH2O. CONCLUSION Positive pessary testing, older age, and low MUCP were the most important risk factors for de novo incontinence after POP surgeries.
A mouse tissue atlas of small noncoding RNA

Significance We report a systematic unbiased analysis of small RNA molecule expression in 11 different tissues of the model organism mouse. We discovered uncharacterized noncoding RNA molecules and identified that ∼30% of total noncoding small RNA transcriptome are distributed across the body in a tissue-specific manner with some also being sexually dimorphic. Distinct distribution patterns of small RNA across the body suggest the existence of tissue-specific mechanisms involved in noncoding RNA processing. Small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a vital role in a broad range of biological processes both in health and disease. A comprehensive quantitative reference of small ncRNA expression would significantly advance our understanding of ncRNA roles in shaping tissue functions. Here, we systematically profiled the levels of five ncRNA classes (microRNA [miRNA], small nucleolar RNA [snoRNA], small nuclear RNA [snRNA], small Cajal body-specific RNA [scaRNA], and transfer RNA [tRNA] fragments) across 11 mouse tissues by deep sequencing. Using 14 biological replicates spanning both sexes, we identified that ∼30% of small ncRNAs are distributed across the body in a tissue-specific manner with some also being sexually dimorphic. We found that some miRNAs are subject to “arm switching” between healthy tissues and that tRNA fragments are retained within tissues in both a gene- and a tissue-specific manner. Out of 11 profiled tissues, we confirmed that brain contains the largest number of unique small ncRNA transcripts, some of which were previously annotated while others are identified in this study. Furthermore, by combining these findings with single-cell chromatin accessibility (scATAC-seq) data, we were able to connect identified brain-specific ncRNAs with their cell types of origin. These results yield the most comprehensive characterization of specific and ubiquitous small RNAs in individual murine tissues to date, and we expect that these data will be a resource for the further identification of ncRNAs involved in tissue function in health and dysfunction in disease.
Theories of Psychotherapy and Counseling: Concepts and Cases

In this extensive revision of his illuminating text, Richard S. Sharf presents significant theories that provide a systematic approach to the helping professions. Comprehensive yet succinct in its description and explanation of of the major theories of psychotherapy and counseling, THEORIES OF PSYCHOTHERAPY AND COUNSELING: CONCEPTS AND CASES, SECOND EDITION makes ample use of case summaries and client-therapist dialogue. This approach demonstrates how each of 12 major theories can be applied to common psychological disorders (such as depression, anxiety, and borderline disorders) or to modes of treatment (such as individual, couples, families, and groups). Sharf's skillful blending of concepts and examples makes psychotherapy and counseling clearer and more real for the student wanting to learn more about the therapeutic process. For each therapy presented in the text, information about background, personality theory, and theory of psychotherapy provides a means for understanding the application of psychotherapy theory. Through a discussion of goals, assessment, therapeutic relationships, and techniques, as well as current issues that each theory translates in to action. Sharf draws on the knowledge of over 50 experts in a wide variety of theoretical approaches to psychotherapy and counseling. Each specialist provided suggestions for inclusion of specific content as well as reviews of chapters at various stages of the book's developmental. This consultative approach brings a new dimension and candor to the material. Experts make contributions to the discussion of Psychoanalysis, Jungian Analysis and Therapy, Adlerian Therapy, Existential Therapy, Person-Centered Therapy, Gestalt Therapy, Behavior Therapy, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, Cognitive Therapy, Reality Therapy, Feminist Therapy, Family Systems Therapy, and Alternative Therapies.
Effects of nitrogen availability and supplementary light on the nitrate content of soil-grown lettuce

SummaryThe effect of nitrogen availability and low level supplementary light on the growth and nitrate content of butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata L.) grown in soil under greenhouse conditions in winter was studied. No significant interactions between nitrogen availability and supplementary light on yield, nitrate content, osmotic potential of expressed leaf sap and component osmotica were found. Supplementary light greatly increased plant growth and resulted in earlier harvest. When harvested with similar fresh weights, plant nitrate content was significantly reduced by supplementary light although the effect was slight. The reduced contribution of nitrate to sap osmotic potential at the higher light level was accompanied by a significant increase in the contribution of sucrose. While plant fresh weight was unaffected by the rate of nitrogen application, a positive correlation between nitrate content and nitrogen application rate was found. Reduced nitrate content at low nitrogen applicat.
The relationship between the pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR-γ2 gene and diabetic nephropathy in Baotou

301 subjects were selected.The pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR-γ2 gene was screened by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)in 301 subjects.The frequency of the Pro12Ala mutation was significantly lower in T2DM than in control group(0.101 vs 0.283,P0.05). The genotype of XA may be independent proctective factor for the pathogenesis of T2DM,but showed no relationship with DN(OR=0.284,95% CI=0.132-0.611).
Effect of Growing Intercrops on Growth and Yield of Tree Mulberry Inturn its Influence on Cocoon Yield

Sericulture is an art of scientific cultivation of mulberry and rearing silkworms where money flows from rich to poor. Mulberry, a sole food plant for silkworm, Bombyx mori L. is a deciduous or moist deciduous tree species originated from foothills of Himalayas which can survive and grow upto an elevation of 9000 msl. In fact, other than being used for sericulture, it also used in most of the public places, courtyards of the houses as a popular fruit tree. Sericulture is facing tough competition due to limited land resources and competition with other agricultural crops. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 5 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Affine Analysis of Image Sequences

1. Introduction 2. Corner extraction and tracking 3. The affine camera and affine structure 4. Clustering using maximum affinity spanning trees 5. Affine epipolar geometry 6. Outlier rejection in an orthogonal regression framework 7. Rigid motion from affine epipolar geometry 8. Affine transfer 9. Conclusions Appendices A. Clustering proofs B. Proofs for epipolar geometry minimisation C. Proofs for outlier rejection D. Rotation matrices E. KdV motion equations Bibliography Index.
Genetic base of U.S. Mainland sugarcane

Evaluations of the genetic diversity of many crop breeding populations have been conducted in response to concern over their genetic vulnerability to diseases and insects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of U.S. mainland sugarcane (Saccharum L. spp.) cultivars. Eighty-eight cultivars from Florida, Louisiana, and Texas were traced back to seventeen original ancestors. Coefficients of parentage (r x 100) were calculated among cultivars and ancestors. Cytoplasmic genetic sources were also traced. Ten ancestors contributed germplasm to 90% or more of Florida cultivars, whereas only two ancestors contributed germplasm to 90% or more of Louisiana cultivars. Mean coefficients of parentage for current commercial cultivars in Florida ranged from 8.2 to 18.6. For Louisiana commercial clones, coefficients of parentage ranged from 16.3 to 25.8. Cytoplasmic sources traced to three S. officinarum L. clones. The ancestor Black Cheribon (S. officinarum) contributed the greatest amount of nuclear and cytoplasmic germplasm. In comparison with many crops, sugarcane is probably relatively well buffered genetically.
Peat as natural and industrial sorbent

Use of sorbents is steadily growing but at the same time it is important to advance use of sorbents based on natural and biodegradable materials. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibilities to use peat and its modification products for oil, heavy metal and nonmetallic element sorption. Peat is a prospective material for use as a sorbent because it has such advantages as high concentration of sorption centers, low cost, biodegradability and relatively high parameters of specific surface area and porosity. We have studied the sorption characteristics of natural high-moor peat with different botanical compositions and levels of decomposition for sorption of heavy metals. After use of thermal treatment or methods of peat modification increasing peat hydrophobicity (silylation, methylation and treatment with organosilicon compounds) it is possible significantly increase peat oil sorption capacity as well as buoyancy and water sorption capacity. We have determined the optimal conditions for thermal modification of peat to have an effect on hydrocarbon sorption characteristics. Peat and peat modified with iron compounds were prepared and tested for sorption of arsenic and phosphorous compounds. The highest sorption capacity was observed using peat sorbents modified with iron compounds. Sorption of different arsenic speciation forms onto iron modified peat sorbents was investigated as a function of pH, reaction time and temperature. It was established that sorption capacity increases with a rise in temperature, and the calculation of sorption process thermodynamic parameters indicates the spontaneity of sorption process, and it has endothermic nature. Key-words: Peat, oil, sorbent, thermal treatment, chemical modification
Evolutionary Innovation and Diversification in the Flowers of Asclepiadaceae

Evolutionary innovation is an important mode of morphological diversification. Because explicit phylogenetic analyses are lacking for most evolutionary innovations, the patterns of origin, diversification, and homoplasy of innovations are poorly understood. Asclepiadaceae are a large angiosperm family characterized by a suite of putatively novel features that contributes to extreme floral complexity and diversity. In this paper, I use a preliminary phylogenetic hypothesis for Asclepiadaceae to explore the patterns of diversification in two novel floral characters, the pollinarium and the corona. The presence, number, and orientation of pollinia and the presence and form of corolline and gynostegial coronas are analyzed. Comparison of the histories of these structures suggests a contrast between relatively conserved evolution of pollinaria and labile evolution of coronas. I examine prior homology assessments of pollinaria and coronas and evaluate the sensitivity of evolutionary reconstructions to errors in homology assessment. These analyses point to crucial areas where additional ontogenetic studies, interpreted in a phylogenetic context, are required. This is particularly true in the phylogenetic assessment of the homology of corolline and gynostegial coronas. I also investigate the sensitivity of evolutionary reconstructions to phylogenetic uncertainty, and find this source of error to be slight.
Species composition and acoustic signatures of mesopelagic organisms in a subtropical convergence zone, the New Zealand Chatham Rise

The Chatham Rise is a submarine ridge east of New Zealand. The subtropical convergence occurs over this ridge and it is an area of high productivity, associated with important deepwater fisheries. Acoustic recordings suggest that there is a relatively high biomass of mesopelagic fish over the Chatham Rise, but little is known about the species composition, distribution, and spatio-temporal dynamics of the organisms responsible for the acoustic scattering layers. Two research trawl and acoustic surveys were carried out in May and June 2008 and November 2011 to assess the distribution and acoustic signatures of mesopelagic animals on the Chatham Rise. A total of 171 species or species groups were caught in 86 midwater trawls to a maximum depth of 1000 m. Seven species assemblages were described corresponding to different acoustic mark types. These 7 assemblages were dominated by euphausiids, Maurolicus australis (Stomii formes), Lam pa nyc todes hectoris, Symbolophorus boops, Electrona carlsbergi, Diaphus danae and Gymno scopelus piabilis (all Myctophiformes). Euphausiids could be separated from mesopelagic fish species based on their multi-frequency acoustic response, but the 6 fish groups could not be separated based on their frequency response alone. These different fish assemblages were distinguished based on their unique acoustic mark characteristics (amplitude and dimension features of the volume backscatter), vertical distribution and ancillary information. Classification results were synthesised in a decision model. M. australis and L. hectoris were associated with shallower water on the central and western Chatham Rise, D. danae occurred mainly in deeper water on the north side of the Rise, and E. carlsbergi was associated with cooler water on the south Rise.
The combinatorics of open covers (II)

We continue to investigate various diagonalization properties for sequences of open covers of separable metrizable spaces introduced in Part I. These properties generalize classical ones of Rothberger, Menger, Hurewicz, and Gerlits-Nagy. In particular, we show that most of the properties introduced in Part I are indeed distinct. We characterize two of the new properties by showing that they are equivalent to saying all finite powers have one of the classical properties above (Hurewicz property in one case and in the Menger property in other). We consider for each property the smallest cardinality of metric space which fails to have that property. In each case this cardinal turns out to equal another well-known cardinal less than the continuum. We also disprove (in ZFC) a conjecture of Hurewicz which is analogous to the Borel conjecture. Finally, we answer several questions from Part I concerning partition properties of covers.
Grazing of intertidal algae by marine invertebrates

Article de synthese. Processus d'alimentation des animaux brouteurs; competition interspecifique et niche ecologique; budget energetique. Influence du broutage sur la repartition spatiale des algues et la structure des biocenoses intertidales. Adaptation des algues au broutage et coevolution des algues et des invertebres brouteurs
Regional seismic discrimination research at LLNL

The ability to verify a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) depends in part on the ability to seismically detect and discriminate between potential clandestine underground nuclear tests and other seismic sources, including earthquakes and mining activities. Regional techniques are necessary to push detection and discrimination levels down to small magnitudes, but existing methods of event discrimination are mainly empirical and show much variability from region to region. The goals of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory`s (LLNL`s) regional discriminant research are to evaluate the most promising discriminants, improve the understanding of their physical basis and use this information to develop new and more effective discriminants that can be transported to new regions of high monitoring interest. In this report the authors discuss preliminary efforts to geophysically characterize the Middle East and North Africa. They show that the remarkable stability of coda allows one to develop physically based, stable single station magnitude scales in new regions. They then discuss progress to date on evaluating and improving physical understanding and ability to model regional discriminants, focusing on the comprehensive NTS dataset. The authors apply this modeling ability to develop improved discriminants including slopes of P to S ratios. They find combining disparate discriminant techniques is particularly effective in identifying consistent outliers such as shallow earthquakes and mine seismicity. Finally they discuss development and use of new coda and waveform modeling tools to investigate special events.
Perception and generalization of frequency contours by a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus).

A single adult female bottlenose dolphin was tested in a series of perceptual studies. On each trial, 4 sine-wave tones were presented that contained a falling frequency contour or some other contour. There were several frequency-transposed exemplars of each contour type in each experiment. The dolphin discriminated contours at a level significantly greater than chance in all experiments. In the 1st 2 experiments, the dolphin demonstrated only modest transfer to novel stimuli and a sensitivity to the absolute frequency of stimuli. In the 3rd experiment, there was no effect of the absolute frequency of stimuli; in the 4th experiment, the dolphin successfully transferred the discrimination to novel stimuli drawn from the octave above the previously heard range. These results demonstrate dolphins' capability to perceive frequency contours, which may underlie the recognition of conspecific whistles.
Correlation of a strong Alaska Coastal Current with the presence of beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas near Barrow, Alaska

Oceanographic features and physical processes in the ocean can create regions where prey, and therefore predators, may accumulate. Beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas are the most numerous cetacean in the Arctic. In the Alaskan Beaufort Sea, they prefer continental slope habitat in summer and autumn, presumably because such areas provide enhanced foraging opportunities. Passive acoustic detections of beluga whale calls, current velocity measurements, historical wind records, and 29 yr of beluga whale observations from aerial surveys were used to explore the hypothesis that the foraging success of beluga whales in Barrow Canyon and along the western Beaufort Sea slope is enhanced when the Alaska Coastal Current (ACC) is well- developed and flows east-northeastward and is diminished when the flow of the ACC and its shelf break extension are reversed. Aerial sightings of beluga whales, average observed beluga whale group size, and hours with whale vocalizations were more common when the ACC was well- developed and flowed east-northeastward. When the ACC flow is strong, it is separated from Arctic basin waters by a well-defined front that promotes aggregation of prey species. We specu- late that the greater numbers of animals per group sighted and hours with recorded vocalizations may be indicative of enhanced foraging opportunities for beluga whales.