Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acceptance and Influencing Factors of Social Virtual Reality in the Urban Elderly

In the stage of aging society and population aging, the social needs of the elderly are widely discussed by researchers. Especially driven by the demand of tele-medical treatment and tele-rehabilitation therapy, it is vital for the elderly to integrate into virtual communities by combining social virtual reality (VR) with different medical services and entertainment needs. In addition, affected by the COVID-19 epidemic, it is more difficult for people to have face-to-face contacts. With more remote consultation, entertainment and virtual social connectivity, the application of social VR is more urgent and valuable. However, there is little discussion on the acceptability and influencing factors of social VR among the elderly at present. Therefore, in order to get further data, we used (1) early stage semi-structured interviews and then (2) Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) questionnaires for investigation. One hundred fourteen elderly people aged 60–89 living in the metropolitan area of Taipei were taken as the subjects. To help them understand the situation and state of using social VR, these elderly people were asked to use a head-mounted display (HMD) to experience social VR games. The preliminary results showed that the elderly had obvious preference for entertainment (32.4%) and medical treatment (31.3%). The interview showed that this was related to the physiological condition or medical needs of the age range. In order to further understand how social VR would affect the social life of the elderly, we proposed the further demand structure of UTAUT Model based on the interview of both experts and the elderly. The model structures include (1) Performance Expectancy, (2) Perceived Enjoyment, (3) Social Influence, (4) User Attitude, (5) Behavioral Intention, and so on. These structures were applied to conduct interviews and questionnaires to find out the influence extent and relevance of the elderly on different structural needs, and suggestions were given accordingly. The results of the above interviews showed that (1) the elderly thought that the functions of entertaining and interacting of social VR could increase their social opportunities, and also meet medical needs (teleconference, cognitive decline, etc.), (2) the closeness of social relations (between family members, friends, doctors, and places), and also affect the relevance of Perceived Enjoyment (β = 0.77, p = 0.000 < 0.05). The results of these phenomena and interviews showed the interplay between the demand structures and their special relevance. They also indicated that as to social VR technologies, various demands and functional issues of the elderly need to be considered, and these demands would appear in the subtle usage, and different social VR interfaces and functions would emerge based on their special living ways and physical and psychological demands.
Alternative Performance Measures: Determinants of Disclosure Quality – Evidence from Germany

ABSTRACT Alternative performance measures (APMs) might be used to improve the information environment or strategically to mislead the market. The recently introduced European Securities and Markets Authority APM guidelines are intended to enhance corporate financial disclosures. We analyse the disclosure quality and determinants of all types of APMs in management reports of German listed firms for two financial periods. Although the quantity of APM disclosures is extensive, it differs across firms’ characteristics, and there is considerable room for improvement regarding disclosure quality. APM disclosure quality is positively associated with firm size and negatively associated with profitability. However, not all firms’ characteristics can be applied per se as universal determinants of APM disclosure quality, and a distinction must be made between different types of APMs. For example, high ownership concentration is negatively associated particularly with the quality of profitability APMs. Firms’ leverage is positively associated with the disclosure quality of non-profitability APMs.
Women, wellbeing and the city: A model of participatory health research exploring physical activity in Black, Asian and minority ethnic communities

Objective: The aim of this project was to document a partnership working process from a cross-sectoral and cross-cultural participatory health research study focused on promoting physical activity among women from Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) backgrounds. Design: A participatory health research paradigm was used to support this pilot feasibility study into partnership working for health promotion. Action research and community development principles underpinned the design, delivery and interpretation of findings from a community-based survey, data from four focus groups and bespoke interventions. Setting: Community groups from education, leisure, health and religious community sectors, and charity sectors, in the City of Liverpool, met in different venues representing those sectors. Method: Reflection on the process of community engagement in a research study guided by socio-ecological model, community development and action research principles. Results: Seven emerging collaborative processes based on effective partnership working, capacity-building practice and sustaining health and wellbeing evolved from a partnership between a Community Researchers Advisory Group and a Partners Advisory Group. BAME ‘community connectors’ were key to obtaining feedback from 213 women from 16 ethnic groups, which influenced the development of bespoke interventions and local sport and physical activity long-term policy, as one means of reducing social inequalities for women from BAME backgrounds. Conclusion: This feasibility study demonstrates the effectiveness and limitations of partnership working as a public health tool. The local Sport and Physical Activity Alliance and council department worked together to promote the sustainability of BAME-focused programmes as part of their governance and policy frameworks.
INTER-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ZINC NUTRITION, GROWTH PARAMETERS, AND NUTRIENT PHYSIOLOGY IN A HYDROPONICALLY GROWN TOMATO CULTIVAR

An experiment was carried out to investigate the role of zinc (Zn) in physiological and nutritional development of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivar Moneymaker grown hydroponically in a controlled temperature room. The experiment was a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with two levels of nutrient solution Zn concentrations, 0.01 or 0.10 mg L−1, and three levels of foliar applied Zn, 0, 23, or 230 mg L−1. Low (0.01 mg L−1) nutrient solution Zn seems to be inadequate for optimum plant growth; in this treatment plants showed Zn deficiency symptoms. Foliar application of Zn at 23 mg L−1 alleviated Zn deficiency by enhancing Zn concentration in the leaves, dry weight, and chlorophyll content. However, foliar application of Zn at 230 mg L−1 Zn caused adverse effects on both dry weight and chlorophyll content. Phosphorus (P) reached a detrimental level in the leaves of plants grown at 0.01 mg L−1 Zn in nutrient solution, but 23 mg L−1 Zn applied via the leaves reduced P concentrations from toxic to adequate levels. Concentration of iron (Fe) was also higher but not detrimental in the leaves of plants grown at 0.01 mg L−1 Zn. Foliar application of both concentrations of Zn slightly reduced Fe concentration in the leaves. Membrane permeability was impaired both in the plants grown at low Zn and in those receiving the high (230 mg L−1) foliar application. Foliar Zn at 23 mg L−1 maintained membrane permeability by decreasing electrolyte leakage from leaves of Zn-deficient plants. Low (0.01 mg L−1) Zn in the nutrient solution resulted in plants with very leaky root systems as measured by high potassium (K) efflux; this leakiness was ameliorated by foliar application of Zn at 23 mg L−1. Cumulative potassium release from intact roots was higher in both the Zn-deficient plants (0.01 mg L−1) and those receiving high (230 mg L−1) foliar Zn. These data show that Zn nutritional status affects root membrane integrity.
The spatial dimension of coronavirus crisis management and the role of subnational actors in the German–Polish border region

ABSTRACT The paper is concerned with the spatial dimension of the coronavirus crisis and the tensions it created in multilevel governance in the Polish–German border region. Regarding the spatial dimension of the crisis, territoriality is referred to as the political competence to exert control over a national territory and over places particularly affected by the coronavirus crisis and its management – from local hubs of outbreaks to twin cities in border regions facing closed borders. Territoriality was mirrored in the unilateral decisions of the central governments to close national borders in Europe. Considering spatiality as well as the asymmetric multilevel setting of cross-border Polish–German relations, this paper investigates to what extent subnational actors were able to interact in a cross-border sense in this situation. The paper shows the relevance of subnational political authorities and highlights the significance of civil society actors in times of crisis, as they were able to lobby for a less restrictive border management response and helped to hold – merely through digital activities – the web of bilateral relations together. In this light, it may enhance the ability of further research to take a multilevel territorial perspective for a more nuanced picture of the pandemic’s effects.
Hawking Radiation is Nothing: Developed Correlation of Entropy with Black Hole Area

Read is the first word and divine order in the Holy Quran. My lovely physics does not answer many mysteries in the universe including black holes. The observed ordinary matter in the universe is only ~5 %. The remaining is 27% dark matter and approximately 68% dark energy of. This paper introduces a developed model and concept to black hole anatomy and entropy-surface area correlation. It considers the stationary black hole a one entity of 4 concentric spheres around the singularity. They are the event horizon, photon sphere at 1.5Rs, unstable light sphere at 2.6Rs and innermost stable particle sphere at 3Rs. An equation (Sayed Ts formula) was derived excluded heuristics of Professor S. Hawking. This formula is based on different proportional constant between entropy and black hole surface area; not ¼ as He conjectured. In spite of my respect and humanity sympathy with Prof. Hawking, his tombstone equation should be corrected. There is neither radiation escape from black holes nor any signal detected due to micro black holes evaporation. Finally, it can be stated that Hawking radiation is Nothing.
Psychometric properties and normative data of the Spanish version of short form persecution and deservedness scale

ABSTRACT The Persecution and Deservedness Scale (PaDS) is a measure widely used to assess persecutory thinking. This paper aims to test the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Short-Form Persecution and Deservedness Scale (SF-PaDS), factor structure, and distribution scores across demographic characteristics. For this purpose, a representative sample of Spaniards (N = 1,947) was used. The internal consistency of the scale was good (α =.84) and it showed adequate convergent validity, with significant moderate correlations with loneliness, depression and anxiety, and mild significant correlations with mistrust of others. The confirmatory factor analysis and the parallel analysis revealed a unifactorial structure. Analyses showed no significant differences across gender or educational level, but there were significant differences regarding age, history of mental health difficulties, income and employment status. Thus, our results indicate that the Spanish version of the SF-PaDS is a valid and reliable measure of persecutory thinking within the Spanish context.
Impact of dietary supplemental bile salts on growth performance, carcass, immunity and antioxidant parameters and bacteriology of broiler chicks

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of bile salts on the growth performance, carcase estimates, immunity and antioxidant measurements, some blood biochemical parameters, intestine enzyme activities and microbiology of broiler chickens. One hundred twenty 1 day old of Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 5 replicates of 6 chicks each for 42 days. The first group was the basal diet only and served as control. The second, third and fourth groups were fed the basal diet plus 0.5, 1 and 1.5 ml bile salts/kg diet, respectively. Body weight and daily body weight gain were linearly (p < .01) increased with increasing bile salt levels compared to control. Addition of bile salts to broiler diets significantly (p < .01) decreased feed intake and improved feed conversion than control. The addition of 1.0 ml bile salts to broiler chicks' diets increased plasma proteins concentrations, total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase compared with the control group. The cholesterol and triglyceride levels, liver enzymes and intestinal enzymes (amylase, protease and lipase) activities were significantly (p < .05 or 0.01) increased in bile salt groups. While, malondialdehyde was significantly (p < .01) decreased in all treated groups compared to control. Total bacteria, total fungi, Escherichia coli and Salmonella were decreased in broiler chicks fed diet supplemented with bile salts. It could be concluded that bile salts especially levels (0.5 and 1.0 ml/kg diet) have a positive impact on growth performance and carcass traits, blood biochemical measurements, intestinal enzymes activities, digestibility of nutrients and microorganism's content of broiler chicks. Highlights Addition bile salt to broiler diets improved growth rate and feed conversion. Addition bile salt to broiler diets improved nutrients digestion. The addition of 1.0 ml bile salts in broiler diets increased total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase. Total fungi, Escherichia coli and Salmonella were decreased in chicks fed diet supplemented with bile salts
P2P lending and outside entrepreneurial finance

Later stage, unlisted SMEs are typically too old to attract equity crowdfunding, one of the two novel sources of outside entrepreneurial finance. The other source is peer-to-peer (P2P) business lending – sometimes called marketplace lending or debt crowdfunding – where unlisted SMEs raise medium term loans from a combination of the crowd of small investors and financial institutions via internet portals. The institutions benefit from the collective wisdom of the crowd while institutional investments reduce information asymmetries for other investors and may lead to herding by the crowd. This paper studies the incremental decision to choose P2P over bank debt by means of probit and logit regressions. It establishes that firms with relatively high credit ratings, smaller assets, lower levels of prior capital expenditures, and low leverage ratios are more likely to raise P2P rather than bank debt. The conclusion is that P2P debt plays a unique role in accommodating the outside entrepreneurial capital needs of these SMEs wanting medium term funding. The empirical work employs a sample 1,249 small, private SMEs that received P2P loans with maturities of up to five years 2013–2015 from Funding Circle, the leading UK P2P business lender.
Comparative Study on Protein Quality and Rheological Behavior of Different Wheat Species

The quantity and quality of protein and the rheological traits of wheat are crucial for processing flour in the baking industry, but there are few comparisons in the literature between old and modern wheat species. To help fill this gap, the baking quality characterization, gluten content, protein fraction composition, high molecular weight glutenin subunits, and rheological properties of ancient and modern wheat were determined and compared. These varieties were collected by the gene bank of the Crop Research Institute in Prague-Ruzyne and were grown in organically certified research areas in the Czech Republic. Results revealed differences in protein content and composition between varieties with different ploidy levels, as well as differences in development time and stability between einkorn and bread wheat varieties. Based on the proximity of their positions to the parameter quality in the principal components analysis, such as gluten content, gluten index (GI), Zeleny test, stability, dough development time (C1) and gliadin, the baking performances of cultivars were identified.
Crystal structure of barium lead bismuth oxide, Ba(Pb0.9Bi0.1)O3

BaBi0.10O3Pb0. 49, tetragonal, IAImcm (No. 140), a = 6.0391(9) A , c = 8.605(2) A , V= 313.8 A 3 , Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.034, wRm(F) = 0.081, T= 293 K. Source of material Single crystals (up to 1 mm) were grown by PbO-flux in platinum crucibles with Pband Bi-oxides and Ba-carbonate as starting materials cooled down from 1420 K to 1020 K with 2-4 K/h [1], The chemical composition BaPbo.90(2)Bio.io(2)C>3 was determined by electron microprobe analysis (Cameca SX 100). The site occupancy factors were fixed during refinement [2], Table 2. Atomic coordinates and displacement parameters (in A). The excess of PbO as flux increased the Pb-content of the starting composition BaPbo.7Bio. 3O3 in the crystals about 22 %. This e f fec t was only determined in Sb-f ree crystals of the Ba(Pb,Bi,Sb)03 system. The crystals were homogeneous and didn't show zonations, twinnings or intergrowth sections otherwise typical for this kind of perovskites Discussion Ba(Pbo.9Bio.i)03 single crystals show a tetragonal perovskitelike structure produced by the distortion of the oxygen atoms from their ideal positions creating the glide reflection plane in IAImcm. This space group belongs to the one-tilt system (No. 22) without cation ordering [3], Additional measurements with synchrotron radiation (HASYLAB at DESY, Hamburg) near the Pb absorption edge in order to seperate Pb and Bi using the anomalous dispersion [4] showed a statistical distribution of both cations on the octahedral site. No exchange of Pb on the Ba site was determined. The space group and oxygen distortion is analogous with results on other Sb-free solid solution members in the Ba(Pb,Bi,Sb)03 system as described in the literature [5, 6]. Further investigations of superstructures vs. chemical composition and microscopic reflection colour related to electronic states were carried out [7]. Table 1. Data collection and handling. Crystal: black, quasi-tetragonal prism, size 0.126x0. 126x0.21 mm Wavelength: Mo Ka radiation (0.71073 Ä) 1»: 660.69 cm" Diffractometer, scan mode: Siemens P4, co 20max: 89.88° N(/ifci)measured> N(hkl)Umqm. 3094, 256 Criterion for /0bs, N(hkl}gc. Us > 2 a(/obs), 247 N(param)Kftnei'12 Programs: SHELXS-86 [7], SHELXL-93 [2] Atom Site Occ. X y z Un U22 f/33 f/l2 Uli U23 Ba 4 b 0 1/2 1/4 0.0173(3) Un 0.0209(3) 0 0 0 Pb 4c 0.90 0 0 0 0.0111(2) Un 0.0144(2) 0 0 0 Bi 4c 0.10 0 0 0 0.0111 Un 0.0144 0 0 0 O 8 h 0.218(1) x+m 0 0.018(3) Un 0.034(3) 0 0 0.008(4) O 4a 0 0 1/4 0.040(4) Un 0.014(2) 0 0 0 * Correspondence author (e-mail: omo@rz.uni-leipzig.de) 466 Ba(Pbo.9Bio.i)03
Tropical cyclones vertical structure from GNSS radio occultation: an archive covering the period 2001–2018

Abstract. Tropical cyclones (TC) are natural destructive phenomena, which affect wide tropical and subtropical areas every year. Although the correct prediction of their tracks and intensity has improved over recent years, the knowledge about their structure and development is still insufficient. The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) technique can provide a better understanding of the TC because it enables us to probe the atmospheric vertical structure with high accuracy, high vertical resolution and global coverage in any weather conditions. In this work, we create an archive of co-located TC best tracks and RO profiles covering the period 2001–2018 and providing a complete view of the storms since the pre-cyclone status to the cyclone disappearance. We collected 1822 TC best tracks from the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship and co-located them with 48 313 RO profiles from seven satellite missions processed by the Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change. We provide information about location and intensity of the TC, RO vertical profiles co-located within 3 h and 500 km from the TC eye centre, and exact information about temporal and spatial distance between the TC centre and the RO mean tangent point. A statistical analysis shows how the archive covers all the ocean basins and all the intensity categories well. We finally demonstrate the application of this dataset to investigate the vertical structure for one TC example case. All the data files, separately for each TC, are publicly available in NetCDF format at https://doi.org/10.25364/WEGC/TC-RO1.0:2020.1 (Lasota et al., 2020).
On the notions of taxonomic ‘impediment’, ‘gap’, ‘inflation’ and ‘anarchy’, and their effects on the field of conservation

(Received 14 June 2019; accepted 23 September 2020) We examine notions of taxonomic ‘impediment’, ‘gap’, ‘inflation’ and ‘anarchy’, all of which are increasingly prevalent in discussions of the global biodiversity crisis. Following a critical analysis of the history of those notions, we postulate that the entire issue behind them resides in a deep philosophical deficiency in the general comprehension of taxonomic principles. In particular, there is a profound “conceptual turbulence” in the knowledge flux between taxonomy and conservation biology. In general, taxonomists only vaguely understand what conservationists wish to preserve, and conservationists appear to not consider more profound taxonomic issues and the consequences for their interests. Thereafter, we demonstrate the importance of constructing a more solid theoretical bridge between these disciplines, as well as the importance of refining concepts surrounding diversity estimates and species extinction in a world where knowledge can be considered to be increasingly fluid. We also underline the importance of constantly reflecting on the targets of conservation action and strategy, especially the urgency of the question regarding the species as the main unit to be preserved. Ultimately, for taxonomists, it is important to embrace philosophy to make theoretical knowledge more consistent with the wealth of biological theory and empirical data currently at our disposal. Especially, we stress that without a straightforward theoretical dialogue between the delimitation methods and conceptual frameworks such as those governing operational formulae (e.g., DNA barcoding, or reciprocally monophyletic populations), the resultant species should not be viewed as necessarily comparable, or be considered as of equal utility to all fields of investigation, including conservation.