Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF POLYA RATIONAL PARAMETRIC INTERPOLATION KERNEL IN ESTIMATING THE FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY OF THE SPEECH SIGNAL

: The paper describes Polya frequency functions, and the construction of Polya rational parametric interpolation kernel. The paper also provides the results of the estimation of fundamental frequency of speech signal obtained by applying the convolution interpolation algorithm with an implemented Polya rational parametric kernel. The analysis of the estimation of fundamental frequency was performed on a speech signal superimposed by AWGN when SNR=0-50 dB. In the processing of a signal in time domain some common window functions were applied. Then, MSE was used as a measurement of the quality of estimation to determine the optimum values of Polya interpolation kernel parameter. A comparative analysis was performed with the results of the estimate of the fundamental frequency by using the Keys one-parameter, quadratic and Polya quasi-rational kernel.
Short Communication COMPARISON OF TREATMENT OUTCOME OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION

This study was aimed to find out the differences in the pregnancy outcome of PIH women treated with the antihypertensive drugs methyldopa and nifedipine. The prospective observational study was conducted in a multi specialty hospital at Coimbatore with 161 PIH diagnosed women. Women were categorised into the no-drug group, methyldopa group, nifedipine group and methyldopa with nifedipine group. All the women were monitored from diagnosis to delivery. The maternal and neonatal data were collected and analysed. The drugs were significantly controlled the blood pressure (BP) from base to end (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the reduction of BP between the drugs. Cesarean delivery (>90%) and preterm delivery were high across all the groups. No significant difference was seen between these groups. The AGA (Average for gestational age) babies were significantly higher with a no-drug group (83%) and lower with nifedipine group (40%). Two women were reported with HELLP syndrome in methyldopa with nifedipine group. No significant difference was found in terms of pregnancy outcome between these groups except for eclampsia and AGA. Eclampsia was affected more with 14% in methyldopa with nifedipine group. We found similar outcomes; there were no significant changes between methyldopa, nifedipine, and the no-drug treatment. The antihypertensive drugs nifedipine and methyldopa both were significantly reduced the BP. The maternal and neonatal complications were similar between these two drugs. No beneficial effect can be identified one over another.
PT2_OA_Ninder edit

Background: Blood transfusion in modern era is possible only due to the knowledge of exact blood groups and sub blood groups. Over 700 erythrocyte antigens have been reported and are organized into 35 blood group systems by International Society of Blood Transfusion. These antigens may be proteins, glycoproteins or glycolipids and are controlled by single or more gene locus. Some antigens are specific to red cells; whereas, others are found on other cells throughout the body. The ABO blood group was the first human blood group to be discovered by Landsteiner in 1900 and it served the beginning of Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine. Numerous mutations are found in A, B and O genes, but the most common mutation is A2. The A2 gene has two nucleotides different from the A1 gene which results in diminished enzymatic activity and consequently, weakened antigen expression. Distinction between A1 & A2 made by testing red cells with the lectin from Dolichos biflorus. Prospective study on 2000 cases to find the frequency of ABO and sub blood groups to reduce the blood transfusion related reactions. Methods: The present study included 2000 blood sample collected in the Department of Blood Banking, Govt. Medical College and Hospital, Amritsar and in voluntary blood donation camps organized by the department. 4 ml of venous blood sample collected. 2ml of blood put into ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) vial and remaining 2ml transferred to test tube and allowed to clot. The EDTA sample used for forward grouping and serum used for reverse grouping. Results: In our study the frequency of blood group B was the highest 37.8%, blood group O was 31.8%, blood group A was 21.2% and group AB was the least common with 9.2%age. In case of sub groups, A1 was 20.10% (highest in sub groups) and A2B was 0.85% (Lowest). The Rh +ve blood group was 94.1% and Rh –ve was 5.9%. Conclusion: The study is concluded with the suggestion that, as already being carried out, ABO, Rh blood grouping and sub grouping should be done in each and every case to reduce the blood transfusion related complications. More work should be carried out in different parts of state to know the distribution pattern of ABO, Rh blood groups and sub groups. This will also help the Blood Banks to estimate the requirement of different blood groups and sub groups.
Factors Influencing Corporate Dividend Payout Decisions of Financial and Non-Financial Firms

We examine the determinants of dividend policy of firms listed on Karachi stock Exchange and are part of KSE-100 index. Using panel data of 100 financial and non-financial firms over the period 2007 to 2009 we have found that liquidity, leverage, earning per share, and size are positively related to dividend, whereas growth and profitability are found to be insignificant determinant of dividend policy. The results from probit model estimation reveal that earning per share, company profitability, and size increase the probability of companies to pay dividend, whereas growth opportunities decrease the probability of paying dividends. Data is compiled in two different forms, as per the requirement of the two models used in this study. On the first set of data, panel OLS Regression is used. All financial factors, as independent variables, are calculated in terms of percentage except for the sales which is in log form. Whereas dependent variable Dit is also used in percentage of dividend paid per share. Secondly, data set is constructed so as to apply probit model where we categorize firms among dividend-paying and non-dividend-paying, and all independent variables are taken as three years averages. Keywords: Karachi Stock Exchange, Dividend Irrelevance Theory, Probit Model
Relationship between Quadriceps and Femoral Anteversion Angles in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Background: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common orthopedic complaint frequently seen in physiotherapy practice. Most of these patients can be successfully treated once the contributing factors are accurately identified. Malalignment of the lower extremity particularly the excessive quadriceps angle (Q-angle) and femoral anteversion angle have been implicated as contributing factors of PFPS. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the Q-angle and femoral anteversion angle in patients with PFPS. Subjects and Methods: Thirty patients (twenty one females and nine males) suffering from PFPS had participated in this study with mean age, weight, and height 23.87(±6.03) years, 71.83(±16.3) kg, and (165.09) ±5.84 cm respectively. Q-angle and femoral anteversion angles were objectively measured using standard goniometer. Results: Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the Q-angle and femoral anteversion angle in patients with PFPS (r=0.7, p=0.0001). Conclusion: This study proved that the patients with PFPS require precise physical examination for accurate rehabilitation. In addition, the finding implies that the increase in the Q-angle will lead to an increase in the femoral anteversion angle and vice versa. Consequently, this may help physiotherapists to understand that the factors which increase the Q-angle will increase the femoral anteversion angle and vice versa. In turn, these factors should be considered carefully in designing the rehabilitation programs for such cases.
ASPERGILOSIS IN THE SUSPECTED TO THE TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS

Pulmonary aspergillosis indicates to fungal infection of respiratory tract which is caused by Aspergillus species with clinical presentation of illness, severity depending on condition. These infections are similar to tuberculosis. Therefore this disease can misdiagnose and mistreated as tuberculosis. Opportunistic infection of fungal in respiratory have distributed worldwide. In comparision to the tuberculosis fungal disease are more pathogens in immune comprised or exhausting patients. Most opportunistic pathogenic fungi are Aspergillus species and candida species. Infection of respiratory with Aspergillus can lead to clinical syndromes, from rapidly to fatal acute invasive infection to chronic pulmonary disease. Chronic and allergic forms of pulmonary aspergillosis are commonly considered as worldwide public health issue. Therefore common forms of aspergillosis or chronic pulmonary aspergillosis lead to secondary tuberculosis. The proportion of people suffering from tuberculosis each year is stable worldwide because of population growth. Allergic forms and chronic aspergillosis are more common than invasive disease, which have been relatively neglected. Aim and Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the co infection with clinical manifestations and outcomes of pulmonary aspergillosis with pulmonary tuberculosis in a tertiary care hospital and help to understand the nature of disease to improve the clinical outcome. Method: Total 150 sputum samples were collected from the patients attending to the hospital and processed in the lab for this study. Samples were processed by direct microscopy and fungal culture on two sets of Sabouraus Dextrose Agar. For the analysis of Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) Zn Stain and Auramine-phenol fluorochrome technique was applied. Result: Aspergillus fumigates and commonly isolated species from suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis in this study. Out of total sample, 96(64%) were males and remaining 54(36%) were females and from the age group 0-60 years male participants were higher than female participants with a mean age of 25 years. 33(22%) were infected Aspergillus sp. In age group 20 to30 years (25.3%) was found as highest prevalence. None was found to be infected from the age group 0 to 10 years. 26(17.3%) were infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis in which age group 20 to 30 years (44.7%) was found that highest prevalence. None was found to be infected from the age group 0 to 10 years. 8(5.3%) patients were found to be infected with both infections as co-infection of Aspergillus Species Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Conclusion: Aspergillosis commonly infected with A. fumigates and commonly isolated species from suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis in this study. Therefore it shows that the importance of aspergilosis as one of the diagnostic criteria in suspected as well as infected with tuberculosis. This study shows that aspergillosis is more common in middle age equal or above 30 years which can be accounted their immunity due to tuberculosis.
Effects of Treatments on Keeping Quality of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Sprouts

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of UVirradiation, hot water dip (HWD) and ethanol vapours on the quality and storage life of chickpea sprouts. Chickpea seeds were washed, soaked and allowed to sprout (24 h). The chickpea seeds after sprouting were subjected to various treatments viz., ethanol vapour (30 min), hot water dip (50 °C for 2 min) and UV-Irradiation (10 kJm-2 for 1 h). The sprouts after treatments were examined at 24 h interval until the spoilage. Sprout length, weight and total plate count were enhanced during storage at both the storage temperature. There was no significant effect of various treatments on sprout length and weight, except in ethanol treatment, where suppression was observed. The total plate count was not significantly affected by various treatments. Sensory quality (for appearance, taste, odour and overall acceptability) decreased with increasing storage period. Hot water dip treatment results in enhancing the shelf-life of sprouts which maintained upto 72 h at room temperature and 120 h at low temperature.
Changes in Physical Activity and Psychological Factors Among Breast Cancer Survivors Enrolled in a YMCA Program

Background: Given the impact of physical activity on wellness among cancer survivors, we tested the feasibility, acceptability, and potential effectiveness of a coach-assisted intervention at metro-Atlanta YMCAs targeting physical activity (PA) among breast cancer survivors and examined psychosocial correlates of change in PA. Methods: Fifty women diagnosed with breast cancer within two years at the Winship Cancer Institute were provided a 24-week membership to a metro-Atlanta YMCA and the “Coach Approach”. Assessments (Godin for PA, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire–9 item) were conducted at baseline and week 24. Results: Participants were on average 54.38 (SD=10.67) years old; 50.0% were Black. Overall, 82.0% attended a YMCA; 56.0% met with a coach. Those who attended a YMCA reported favorable process outcomes. PA increased from baseline to week 24 among all participants (p<.001); those who met a coach had greater increases in PA (p=.026). Increased PA was associated with increased use of exercise self-management strategies (p=.046), reduced fatigue (p=.015), and reduced depressive symptoms (p=.020). Regression examining predictors of increased PA indicated that the only predictor was reduced fatigue (p=.012). Conclusions: Participants reported increases in PA over time, with those meeting with a coach reporting greater increases. Increases in PA were associated with improvements in exercise self-management strategy use, fatigue, and depressive symptoms.
SATB1 Binding to an Element within the Cd8α Gene Enhancer Silences Expression of CD8αα+ Intraepithelial Lymphocytes and Dendritic Cells

Special AT-rich Binding Protein 1 (SATB1) functions as a genome organizer capable of modulating chromatin architecture via binding to base-unpaired regions in chromatin. Previous transgenic studies identified a cis-acting element (termed L2a) that resides ~4.5 kb upstream of the mouse Cd8α gene within the Cluster 2 (CII) enhancer. L2a was shown to function as a CD8 silencer positively regulated by SATB1. To further investigate the function of L2a, we generated knock-in (KI) mice in which L2a sequences required for SATB1 binding were either mutated or completely abolished. Unexpectedly, based on the transgenic studies, L2a knock-in mice showed no observable defects in T cell development and only modest, variegated CD8αβ derepression in thymocytes, peripheral T cell subsets or Intraepithelial Lymphocytes (IELs). However, strong derepression of CD3-stimulated CD8αα+ IEL and CD8αα+ dendritic cells was observed in the guts of both knock-in strains. These observations suggest that SATB1L2a interaction contributes primarily to silencing CD8αα expression.
GAMMA IRRADIATION-INDUCED SPERMATOZOA ANOMALIES IN THE GROUND BEETLE, BLAPS POLYCRESTA

Exposure of the gonads to radiation known to lead to sperm abnormalities. The effect of Gamma rays from Cs137 source on the ultrastructure of the sperm of the ground beetle Blaps polycrestawere studied. Two groups of 10 beetles each were irradiated with a dose rate of 32 Gy and 64Gy. Electron microscopic examination of spermatids and sperms of Blaps polycresta in the group which were exposed to 32 Gy exhibited many alterations of the general architecture and were more pronounced in the group exposed to 64 Gy. The results showed that the increase in morphological aberration of spermatids and sperms induced by gamma radiation were found to be positively correlated with the dose level. A major finding of this review was the paucity of data regarding the effects of Gamma radiation on spermiogenesis in adult insects.
The Small Scale Industries and Finance: New Approaches

Small scale industries are facing innumerable problems in different areas of operation such as marketing, production, human resource and mainly in the area of finance; obtaining credit from financial institutions is a complex one. When conventional (institutional finance) credit markets get tight, an entrepreneur provoked to find unconventional (informal) ways and means to obtain finance, such as, peer lending, personal savings, friends, family,, credit card etc., to obtain finance for overcome financial problems and for bring the business into the path of success. Here, Researcher has been made an attempt to examine empirically; with the objectives mentioned bellow. Objective: 1. To review the challenges for SSI’s to access finance from conventional financial sources. 2. To investigate factors stimulating SSI’s towards unconventional financial sources. Findings: Small Scale Industries are extensively depending on unconventional sources of finance for fulfilling their financial needs, because, the institutional financial sources limitations, such as documentation, red-tapism, procedure, collateral security, government employee security, corruption and so on. And motivated towards unconventional financial sources to obtain finance by motives such as, know each other, Convenience, Only option, Quick service, and low interest. Suggestion: conventional financial sources have to liberalize their lending norms and they have to sanction loans to SSIs very quickly, very importantly they have to rectify their lacunas and try to correct them. Keywords--Conventional finance, Unconventional Finance, Small Scale Industries.
Understand Addition through Modelling and Manipulation of Concrete Materials

Manipulation of concrete materials was commonly employed to support students with learning difficulties in mathematics using prescriptive pedagogies. However, a behaviourist framework of learning may lead to a lack of conceptual understanding. A case study conducted at a suburban elementary school which involved a teacher and for nine-year-old students to develop student thinking, mathematical modelling was integrated with manipulation of concrete materials in a mathematics remediation classroom. Qualitative data was collected using observation, interview and students’ work. The observation revealed that explicit instruction used in modelling activity hampered students in acquiring conceptual understanding and mathematical process skills. When modelling was initiated by the students, they showed improvement in both. Therefore, teachers should guide students with learning difficulties to participate in modelling activity rather than merely follow re-enact procedures. Keywords: Mathematics learning difficulties, Manipulative, Modelling, Remediation
Vulnerability Assessment and Evaluation of Associated Attacks on Physical and Virtual Networks

— There is no system in the 21 st century that has no vulnerability. Most networks seem to be very secure because the vulnerabilities in them are yet to be discovered. However, these vulnerabilities decrease in networks that undergo regular checks and upgrade in their directories with embedded security parameters which have cryptographic primitives. Lack of network checks has fashioned various attack vectors in which hackers exploit to break into the security of private, public and even virtual networks. Network attacks such as brute forcing, man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack, social engineering and Advanced Persistent Threats (APT) occur as a result of the combinations of several vulnerabilities which are embedded in them. The aim of this paper is to discover vulnerabilities such as weak passwords on networks and to demonstrate some common attacks that are frequently carried out on vulnerable networks which lack strong security primitives. Basic attacks demonstrated in this research were Man-in-the-middle attack, ARP poisoning, DHCP starvation attack and brute forcing. This research was conducted using network attack tools such as Nmap and Ethercap which are attack tools in Kali Linux. The result obtained from the research showed those vulnerabilities on networks ranges from poor embedment of security parameters on networks, opened network ports, weak and unsalted passwords and host of others. The research highlighted that, networks and security protocols should be designed with standard encryption levels and passwords with high entropy of different security strengths be used in accordance to the importance of the information being secured on a network. The research concluded that when strong cryptographic algorithms for key generation such as Diffie-Hellman and Blowfish algorithm for data encryption are rooted in the network either during configuration, the security of data over SSL and HTTPs of such a network can be greatly enhanced and vulnerabilities greatly reduced.
Normal range of fetal brain structures in the second trimester ultrasound screening

The aim of the study was the development of normative values of the sizes of the main structures of fetal brain. The latter are the subject to evaluation in the second trimester ultrasound screening. Results of the survey of 385 fetuses were selected during the end-to-end echographic observation in the period from 16 to 28 weeks of gestation. This was performed in order to develop normative percentile values of the width of the cavum septum pellucidum, width of the lateral ventricles, transverse cerebellar diameter and anteroposterior diameter of the cisterna magna. For the analysis, we used only the data obtained from the examination of patients in which pregnancy ended with term delivery and the birth of normal healthy children. Based on the data obtained, we developed percentile values (mean, 5 and 95 percentiles) of the studied structures, which can be used for prenatal diagnosis of congenital malformations of the brain in the second trimester of pregnancy.
THE RETURNS OF BOTSWANA’S EQUITY MARKET ARE PREDICTABLE: IS THIS A BLESSING OR A CURSE?

Empirical research to date has declared the returns of Botswana’s equity market (BSE) predictable. This paper investigates whether investors are taking advantage of this return predictability and examine the investments strategies employed by investors to capitalize on this advantage. We start our investigation by confirming that indeed the returns are predictable . Auto-correlation, KPSS, Engle-Granger, and BDS tests applied on the BSE index returns series confirm that the returns do not follow a stochastic process, suggesting that the market is inefficient. We investigate, through the use of semi-structured questionnaires, how this predictability is exploited by investors and check whether this presents a benefit or not at both micro and macroeconomic levels. The results show that, investors use active strategy of fundamental analysis to exploit the inefficiencies and they consider this inefficiency to be a blessing. Policymakers and regulators on other hand consider these inefficiencies to be a curse and an issue requiring urgent attention. We recommend that to improve the efficiency of the market policy makers should redirect their efforts of market development from BSE to economic restructuring that will stimulate market participation by many investors since mechanical improvements to the BSE operations alone has to date failed to improve market efficiency.