Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pattern of Acute Poisoning among Patients Admitted to Tanta Poison Control Center during 2012

Background: Acute poisoning remains a major public health problem and represents a frequent cause of admission in emergency units, especially in developing countries. Many studies must be focused on the different patterns of acute poisoning in patients admitted to poison control centers. So, the aim of this study is to characterize the poisoning cases admitted to poison control center, Tanta University Emergency Hospital, Egypt. Study design: All admitted acutely poisoned patients from January to December 2012 were evaluated retrospectively. Data of socio-demographic characteristics, time of admission, circumstances of poisoning, agents, route of exposure and mortality rate were collected from medical records of the hospital. During this period, 1104 patients were admitted. Results: Of the admitted patients, 57.1% were females and 42.9% were males. The majority (31.2%) of cases were in the age group between 1-10 years. Most poisonings were accidental (55.2%) while suicidal attempts were 44.8%. Females were 76.2% of all suicidal poisoning while males were 58.5% of all accidental poisoning. The most important agents used were therapeutic drugs (32.3%) especially sedatives and hypnotics (12.6%) followed by analgesics (9.24%) and CVS drugs (8.96%). Pesticides were the second common agents used (28.6%) of which organophosphates were the commonest (67.7%). Mortality rate was 0.5% which was due to suicidal attempts by pesticides. Conclusion: The study concluded that high rate of acute poisoning was between patients of age group between 1-10 years. Females were of high suicidal attempts than males, while males were predominant in accidental poisoning. The most commonly substances included are drugs and pesticides. Prevention strategies should be directed towards limiting access to the implicated substances involved in both accidental and suicidal poisoning.
Behavioral responses of Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) to noctuid moth migrations

In this chapter we discuss the state of research on bat migration and compare some of these patterns to those of birds. We begin with an overview of the literature on migration, apply migration theory, and discuss case studies on four bat species on which the greatest knowledge and understanding of migratory patterns exists. We also discuss what is known of motivating factors for bat migration and where research needs are apparent.
Treatment of severe idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis-is sildenafil the next (in)stage?

Despite progress in the therapeutic management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in the last decade, prognosis remains poor (1). This is particularly true of patients with severe disease, with 3-year mortality predicted at 76.8% for patients with advanced disease (2). Therapeutic trials in IPF typically exclude such patients which can subsequently have a significant impact on drug availability in the clinical setting. There is a desperate unmet need for treatment options in this advanced disease cohort.
A prospective randomised controlled trial comparing carbon dioxide and air insufflation during ERCP: Is it worth the pain?

Carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation has been shown to reduce post‐procedural pain in endoscopic procedures such as flexible sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy due to improved absorption via the gastrointestinal tract and subsequent reduction in bowel distension. The benefit of CO2 insufflation in upper endoscopic procedures including endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is less clear.
POLYPHASIC ANALYSES ON THE NATURAL ECOLOGY OF HUMAN PATHOGENS

Title of Document: POLYPHASIC ANALYSES ON THE NATURAL ECOLOGY OF HUMAN PATHOGENS. Bradd Joseph Haley, PhD, 2012 Directed By: Prof. Rita R. Colwell, UMIACS The focus of research concerning human pathogens has been primarily centered on virulence in the host, transmission between hosts, and treatment of the subsequent infections. Justifiably, our well-being relies on such research but it has erroneously resulted in the assumption that the role of these microbial pathogens is to infect and reproduce within or on our bodies and then pass to another human to follow this same cycle ad infinitum. Although this does represent a true optional lifestyle for many pathogens, it must be stated that this lifestyle is one of several life histories that a pathogen may follow and in many cases human infections represent a dead end. This study focuses on the natural ecology of several human pathogens, V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. metecus, and their associated virulence factors, in regions where they cause sporadic illness as well as a region where one of these pathogens, V. cholerae, has never caused a human illness. In this work we demonstrate the nonhuman environment as a natural ecosystem for several human pathogens as well as a reservoir of virulence factors. This was achieved by employing a combination of high-throughput whole genome analyses focused on the nucleotide and amino acid level, combined with broader ecological studies evaluating the role of the environment with respect to presence of the pathogens and expression of their virulence factors. This work further demonstrates the ubiquity of virulence factors in the environment and the expression of these factors at temperatures found outside of the human host suggests their utility in the environment. POLYPHASIC ANALYSES ON THE NATURAL ECOLOGY OF HUMAN PATHOGENS.
Efficacy of rational emotive behavior therapy for the improvement of knowledge and risk perception of hypertension among university lecturers in South East Nigeria: REBT for university lecturers’ hypertension improvement

Background: This study determined the effectiveness of a rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) intervention on knowledge of risks of hypertension among university lecturers in South-east geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Methods: The study used a group randomized controlled trial design to group the participants into treatment group and a waiting-list control group and the hypertension knowledge questionnaire and the Perceived Risks of Hypertension Questionnaire to collect a pretest, posttest, and follow-up data of this study. The sample of the study was 84 university lecturers in public universities in Southeast Nigeria (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State) who satisfies the requirements to participate in the study. The study lasted for 10 weeks. The data collected for the study were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and t test statistics. Results: The findings of this study were that REBT health educational intervention effectively increased the education foundation and business education lecturers’ knowledge and perceived risk of hypertension compared to participants in waitlist group. Lastly, the outcomes of the follow-up measures indicate that the increased knowledge and perceived risks of hypertension acquired during the training program was sustained by the treatment group one month after the end of program. Conclusion: The REBT health educational intervention program could be utilized to increase knowledge and perceived risks of hypertension among university lecturers in public universities in Southeast Nigeria.
Evolutionary Analysis of the Protein Domain Distribution in Eukaryotes

Investigations into the origins and evolution of regulatory mechanisms require quantitative estimates of the abundance and co-occurrence of functional protein domains among distantly related genomes. The metabolic and regulatory capabilities of an organism are implicit in its protein content. Currently available methods suffer for strong ascertainment biases, requiring methods for unbiased approaches to protein domain contents at genome-wide scales. The discussion will be highlighted on large scale patterns of similarities and differences of domain contains between phylum-level or even higher level taxonomic groups. This provides insights into large-scale evolutionary trends. Its complement of recognizable functional protein domains and their combinations convey essentially the same information and at the same time are much more readily accessible, although protein domain models trained for one phylogenetic group frequently fail on distantly related sequences. Transcription factors (TF) typically cooperate to activate or repress the expression of genes. They play a critical role in developmental processes. While Chromatin Regulation (CR) facilitates DNA organization and prevent DNA aggregation and tangling which is important for replication, segregation, and gene expression. To compare the set of TFs and CRs between species, the genome annotation of equal quality was employed. To overcome this problem, performing gene prediction followed by the detection of functional domains via HMM-based annotation of SCOP domains were proposed. This methods was demonstrated to lead toward consistent estimates for quantitative comparison. To emphasize the applicability, the protein domain distribution of putative TFs and CRs by quantitative and boolean means were analyzed. In particular, systematic studies of protein domain occurrences and cooccurrences to study avoidance or preferential co-occurrence of certain protein domains within TFs and CRs were utilized. Pooling related domain models based on their GO-annotation in combination with de novo gene prediction methods provides estimates that seem to be less affected by phylogenetic biases. It was shown for 18 diverse representatives from all eukaryotic kingdoms that a pooled analysis of the tendencies for co-occurrence or avoidance of protein domains is indeed feasible. This type of analysis can reveal general large-scale patterns in the domain co-occurrence and helps to identify lineagespecific variations in the evolution of protein domains. Somewhat surprisingly, Strong ubiquitous patterns governing the evolutionary behavior of specific functional classes were not found. Instead, there are strong variations between the major groups of eukaryotes, pointing at systematic differences in their evolutionary constraints. Species-specific training is required, however, to account for the genomic peculiarities in many lineages. In contrast to earlier studies wide-spread statistically significant avoidance of protein domains associated with distinct functional high-level gene-ontology terms were found.
The comparative breeding ecology of sympatric common and Arctic terns in N.E. England

The life-history traits of two sympatric seabird species, the Common Sterna hirundo and Arctic Tern S. paradisaea, and the flexibility of these traits in relation to short and longer term changes in environmental conditions were measured at Coquet Island, N.E. England. The study focused primarily on inter and intraspecific differences in annual productivity and chick growth, adult time budgets and provisioning rates, and the relationships between these different aspects of reproductive performance. Of the two species, Common Terns delivered larger food items, delivered food at a higher rate to the nest and attended the nest more frequently, indicating that they made trips of shorter average duration. Daily metabolizable energy intake of chicks was about 30% higher in Common Terns than in Arctic Terns, yet the size-specific growth rates of the two species were almost identical, indicating a major difference between species in nestling energy budgets. Brooding appeared to play a less important role in the energy budgets of Common Terns, and the number of chicks that Arctic Terns could raise was probably limited not only by the rate at which parents could supply food to the nest but also by the requirements of chicks for brooding. Increased brood size, low annual food abundance and extreme weather conditions had a negative effect on chick mass development in both tern species. Flexibility of mass growth rates in Arctic and Common Terns may act as a fine-tuning mechanism to regulate provisioning in these species. By maintaining structural growth rates, final fledging mass and final fledging size of nestlings at the expense of retarded mass development rates, these species seem to be able to maximize annual reproductive output and possibly, for parents and nestlings, future survival. Predation of eggs and chicks was generally infrequent and affected mostly very young nestlings. However, Black-headed Gulls took many tern eggs in a year when inshore food supplies were particularly low.
Effect of feeding metabolites and acidifier on growth performance, faecal characteristics and microflora in broiler chickens

A study was conducted to study the effects of feeding metabolites which produced from L. plantarum and acidifier in the diets of broilers chickens on growth performance, microflora count, digesta and faecal pH, immunoglobulin status and volatile fatty acids. A total of 288 male Cobb randomly assigned to five dietary groups for 42 days, basal diet feed (negative control), basal diet feed+neomycin and oxytetracyline (positive control), basal diet feed+0.1% acidifiers (A), basal diet feed+0.5% metabolite (M), basal diet feed+0.1% acidifiers (A) and 0.5% metabolite (M). Higher final body weight and weight gain, lower daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were found in metabolites and combination of metabolite and acidifier groups while greater lactic acid bacteria count, low faecal and digesta pH and increase volatile fatty acids were found in 3 treated groups. No significant difference was found for immunoglobulin level.
The influences of density on growth and reproduction in moose Alces alces

We test whether high moose density results in smaller moose, slower growth rates, lower reproductive rates, and more variable year-to-year population size by comparing demographic characteristics of 15 Canadian moose Alces alces populations that spanned a range of population density (0.08–4.5 moose/ km2). Density negatively affected growth rate, reproductive rates and recruitment. We argue that primary productivity, measured as percent forest cover, and natural predation link density to reproduction in moose. Populations that lived in greater forest cover and experienced greater natural predation were associated with more predictable year-to-year variation in population size. In contrast, moose populations living in areas of low forest cover and low natural predation experienced greater density independent food limitation and greater unpredictability in population size. Thus, moose populations living in areas of low primary productivity and low natural predation show less persistence and require greater conservation efforts.
miR-146a and miR-155 Expression Levels in Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease Incidence

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a curative treatment for numerous hematological malignancies. However, acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is still the major complication causing mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a significant role in inflammation and have potential as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. This study investigated the role of two immune-specific miRNAs (miR-146a and miR-155) as biomarkers for aGVHD incidence in the peripheral blood of allo-HSCT patients prior to disease onset. The study showed that miR-146a and its statistical interaction with miR-155 at day +28 were predictive of aGVHD incidence. Interestingly, the expression levels of miR-146a and miR-155 negatively correlated with the transcription factor, SPI1 (PU.1gene) mRNA expression.
Histomorphology of the subcommissural organ in the horse

The present study conducted on 6 young (10-12 months of age) horses of either sex revealed that subcommissral organ was present on ventral aspect of posterior commissure and extended froln pineal gland to recessus mesocoehcus fowlloing roof of III ventricle of the brain and partly of cerebral aqueduct. The organ was fully developed and comprised an ependyma towards the free ventricular surface, a hypendylna close to posterior commissure, and a sub-ependymal glial zone in between the 2. In addition, a sub-hypendymal fibrous. zone was also noticed except the areas where hypendymal cells penetrated the fasciculi of posterior commissure. The pseudostratlhed columar Ciliated ependynla had 2 types of nuclei mainly towards the mid portion of the ependynla. The sub-ependymal glial zone was constItuted by basal cytoplasmic processes of the ependymal cells, a few glia cells, nerve fibres and ~lood capll1anes whereas the hypendyma had hypendymal cells in addition to the constituents of the sub-ependymal ghal zone.
Application of geometric morphometrics to the study of postnatal size and shape changes in the skull of Calomys expulsus

We analyzed ontogenetic patterns of landmarks for 169 laboratory-raised specimens of Calomys expulsus, at 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, SO, 100, 200, and 300 days of age, using two-dimensional geo- metric morphometrics. There is sexual dimorphism in size, with males smaller than females at earli- er ages, but larger after SO days. Differences in shape between sexes are strong only until 10 days of age, suggesting that shape is more constrained than size. Combining sexes, there is strong variation in size with age, reduced after 200 days, while most of the variation in shape occurs before 20 days. This dissociation is common for sigmodontine rodents, and might be the basis of heterochronic processes responsible for the morphological variation of this South American group. Centroid size does not show my reduction in the coefficient of variation over ages, while Procrustes distances with- in sucessive ages are reduced after 20 days. Uniform component and the more global partial warps explain most of the shape changes with age. Cranial and Facial parts of the skull increase in size at different rates with a relative lengthening of the snout and decrease in height of the braincase. We were unable to detect a clear pattern of integration for the rostrum and braincase, besides that shown by landmark displacements. Keywwds: Rodentia, Sigmodontinae, ontogeny, growth.
Preservation of community structure in modern reef coral life and death assemblages of the Florida Keys: Implications for the Quaternary fossil record of coral reefs

The reef fossil record is the exclusive database from which analyses of the response of coral communities to environmental change over geological time scales may be gauged. However, few studies have attempted to ascertain whether the reef fossil record is a reasonably accurate representation of a once living coral community. To address this issue, we first assume that an assemblage of dead corals accumulating in close proximity to a living coral reef(including the dead portions of living colonies) provides a reasonable proxy for the material that potentially becomes fossilized We then perform a systematic comparison of the taxonomic composition and diversity present in coral life assemblages and death assemblages accumulating in reef tract and patch reef environments adjacent to Key Large, Florida. The death assemblage is distinct from the life assemblage, but matches exactly the zonation of live corals between reef tract and patch reef environments. The difference in taxonomic composition between life and death assemblages is the result of a striking growth form bias in the depth assemblage: massive coral colony forms predominate in the life assemblages in both environments, whereas branching colony forms predominate in the death assemblages. Calculations of species richness and the Shannon-Wiener index of diversity produced conflicting results. At one reef tract site, the death assemblage was more diverse than the life assemblage. Unlike the Indo-Pacific, the subset of the life assemblage retained as recognizable corals in the death assemblage is not less diverse. We attribute this difference to a more diverse "starting pool" of live corals in the Indo-Pacific. Fidelity indices were similar to those calculated for life and death assemblages occurring in the Indo-Pacific, but very different than those compiled for molluscan shelly assemblages. If the death assemblages we examined represent a reasonable proxy for a potential fossil assemblage, analyses of relative changes in coral reef community structure during Quaternary time should provide reliable base line data for assessing the response of modern Caribbean reefs to global change.
Metabolic Interplay between Tumour Cells and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) under Hypoxia versus Normoxia

The growth of tumour cells is closely related to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) present within their microenvironment. CAFs, the most abundant cells in tumour stroma, secrete growth factors that play pivotal roles in tumour cell proliferation, metabolism, angiogenesis and metastasis. Tumour cells adapt to rapid environmental changes from normoxia to hypoxia through metabolic interplay with CAFs. In this mini review, we discuss the role of lactate dehydrogenases (LDHs) and monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) on the metabolic interplay between tumour cells and CAFs under hypoxia compared to normoxia. The LDHs catalyse the interchange of lactate and pyruvate, whereas MCTs facilitate the influx and efflux of monocarboxylates, especially lactate and pyruvate. To sum up, tumour cells switch their metabolic state between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation through metabolic interplay with CAFs, which exhibit the Warburg effect under hypoxia and reverse Warburg effect under normoxia.
Drug utilization pattern of antimicrobials use in upper respiratory tract infection in paediatric patient of rural tertiary care hospital

Background: Antimicrobial agents (AMAs) are most commonly prescribed drugs for lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). This study was conducted to evaluate pattern of prescription and AMAs use in paediatric patient for LRTI in wards of rural tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: This is prospective, observational study undertaken in paediatric patient in tertiary care hospital. Prescriptions of 60 patient of age group 1-12years diagnosed with LRTI admitted in paediatric ward of rural tertiary care teaching hospital were studied. Positive blood sample were studied for common microorganisms, their sensitivity and resistance to AMAs.Results: Out of 60 patients admitted in paediatric ward of LRTI, 12 patients were of mild to moderate pneumonia, three patients were of bronchiolitis, ten patients were of croups, three patients were of bronchitis and 37 patients were of severe pneumonia. The most frequently prescribed AMAs were combination of cephalosporin and aminoglycosides. The most common organism isolated was streptococcus pneumoniae sensitive to vancomycin in 92.3% and meropenem in 84.6%, resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin and cloxacillin in 92.3% of cases.Conclusions: The study shows utilisation pattern of AMAs in LRTI, prescribing on which future intervention studies may be based to promote rational drug use.