Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Spatio-Temporal Attention-Based Model for Infant Movement Assessment From Videos

The absence or abnormality of fidgety movements of joints or limbs is strongly indicative of cerebral palsy in infants. Developing computer-based methods for assessing infant movements in videos is pivotal for improved cerebral palsy screening. Most existing methods use appearance-based features and are thus sensitive to strong but irrelevant signals caused by background clutter or a moving camera. Moreover, these features are computed over the whole frame, thus they measure gross whole body movements rather than specific joint/limb motion. Addressing these challenges, we develop and validate a new method for fidgety movement assessment from consumer-grade videos using human poses extracted from short clips. Human poses capture only relevant motion profiles of joints and limbs and are thus free from irrelevant appearance artifacts. The dynamics and coordination between joints are modeled using spatio-temporal graph convolutional networks. Frames and body parts that contain discriminative information about fidgety movements are selected through a spatio-temporal attention mechanism. We validate the proposed model on the cerebral palsy screening task using a real-life consumer-grade video dataset collected at an Australian hospital through the Cerebral Palsy Alliance, Australia. Our experiments show that the proposed method achieves the ROC-AUC score of 81.87%, significantly outperforming existing competing methods with better interpretability.
Case report: Secondary sclerosing cholangitis induced by lapatinib and vinorelbine in a metastasis breast cancer patient

Secondary sclerosing cholangitis (SSC) is a rare cholestatic liver disease that may have a severe clinical course. A 61‐year‐old woman with a history of metastasis breast cancer was admitted to our hospital for the second cycle of chemotherapy with lapatinib and vinorelbine. The patient had no reports of elevated liver function tests (LFTs) in the previous multiple chemotherapies or history of liver disease. However, the admission laboratory results showed severe cholestatic liver injury with the possibility of SSC by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. Although chemotherapy was discontinued and patient was treated with hepatoprotective drugs, the LFTs did not improve and liver biopsy indicated mild injury of intrahepatic bile duct epithelium and hepatocyte. We added ursodeoxycholic acid and prednisolone to protect the liver, and laboratory data showed a response. To prevent the progression, lapatinib and vinorelbine were reintroduced and transient increases in alanine aminotransferase and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase were observed. With no evidence of viral or autoimmune liver disease, SSC induced by lapatinib and vinorelbine was diagnosed. This is the first case report of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and vinorelbine induced SSC and clinicians should be aware of the possibility of it. More case reports about this adverse drug reaction are needed to delineate optimal management.
The effects of COVID-19 on perceived intergroup competition and negative intergroup outcomes

ABSTRACT This research examined the effects of the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic on perceived Black-White intergroup competition and negative intergroup psychological outcomes. Two datasets (collected before [2018] and after the onset of [April, 2020] COVID-19) were combined (N = 2,131) for this research. The data provided support for the hypothesis that perceptions of Black-White intergroup competition, and subsequently perceptions of discrimination, behavioral avoidance, intergroup anxiety, and interracial mistrust would be higher after the onset of COVID-19. Three additional predictors, a perceived interracial competition manipulation, political orientation, and population density at the ZIP-code level were examined to test for main effects and moderation of COVID-19 effects. All three predictors exhibited main effects on focal outcomes, and political orientation moderated COVID-19 onset effects: effects were stronger for conservatives. Lastly, perceived intergroup competition mediated the effect of COVID-19 onset on the four focal outcomes.
The Impact of Anticoagulation on COVID-19 (SARS CoV-2) Patient Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Background: Emerging data suggest that coagulopathy, cytokine storm, and acute respiratory distress syndrome are associated with the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The prevalence of hypercoagulable state in these patients is unknown, but appears to be higher compared to those with other critically ill patients. Elevated D-dimer, large blood vessels clots, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and disseminated intravascular coagulation have been reported in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 either on admission or during hospitalization and may be predictors of poor outcomes. Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature review using the search terms of COVID-19; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, coagulopathy, thrombosis and anticoagulation in PubMed, Ovid, google scholar, Medline and EMBASE databases from December 2019 to May 30, 2020. Results: A total of 64 relevant studies were reviewed; of which, 4 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. The majority of the studies were retrospective involving 525 critically ill COVID-19 patients. The most commonly studied anticoagulant administered was low molecular weight heparins. Anticoagulation dosing varied throughout the studies and may be classified as standard venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, intermediate dosing, or full dose anticoagulation. The most studied objective was improvement in coagulopathy. Significant reduction in D-dimer, improvement in coagulopathy markers such as Interlukin-6, fibrinogen degradation product level, as well as lymphocyte count were reported. Conclusion: Despite the limited quality of studies analyzed, prophylaxis and higher intensity dosed anticoagulation is associated with improved pulmonary oxygenation, decreased coagulopathy markers and decreased mortality in COVID-19 patients.
Suggested level for fortification of flour and bread in Kuwait

Proposition d'un premelange stable a ajouter a la farine panifiable et comprenant de la thiamine, de la riboflavine, de la niacine et du fer permettant de compenser les pertes nutritionnelles dues aux procedes technologiques de meunerie
Discordant SARS‐CoV‐2 Detection in the Nasopharynx Versus Trachea for Patients With Tracheostomies

Patients with tracheostomies have an anatomically altered connection between their upper and lower airways that could impact SARS‐CoV‐2 testing. Our goal was to evaluate for discordance in SARS‐CoV‐2 detection in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 and tracheostomies based on the site analyzed.
A combination of Lactobacillus buchneri and Pediococcus pentosaceus extended the aerobic stability of conventional and brown midrib mutants–corn hybrids ensiled at low dry matter concentrations by causing a major shift in their bacterial and fungal community

We evaluated the effects of applying a combination inoculant to four corn hybrids harvested at high moisture on their nutritive value and microbial populations. The treatment design was the factorial combination of corn hybrids ensiled with (INO) and without (CON) inoculant. The hybrids were TMF2R737 (MCN), F2F817 (MBR), P2089YHR (PCN), and PI144XR (PBR), ensiled at dry matter (DM) concentrations of 30.5%, 26.3%, 31.1%, and 31.5%, respectively; MBR and PBR were brown midrib mutants (BMR). The inoculant contained Lactobacillus buchneri and Pediococcus pentosaceus (4 × 10 5 and 1 × 10 5 cfu/g of fresh corn). The experiment had a complete randomized design with treatments replicated six times. Corn was treated or not with inoculant, packed into 7.6 L bucket silos, and stored for 100 d. At d 0, the relative abundance (RA, %) of Enterobacteriaceae was lower in PBR vs. the other hybrids [51.3 vs. ¯ x = (average of) 58.4] and in the case of fungi, incertae sedis (i.s.) Tremellales and Mucoraceae were more and less abundant, respectively, in conventional hybrids vs. BMRs ( ¯ x = 25.8 vs. ¯ x = 13.9 and ¯ x = 3.64 vs. ¯ x = 7.52; P < 0.04). After ensiling, INO had higher LAB (9.3 vs. 7.1 log cfu/g of fresh corn) and acetic acid (3.44% vs. 1.32% of DM) and lower yeast (3.1 vs. 4.6) and molds (1.5 vs. 3.0), and also extended the aerobic stability (582 vs. 111 h) but decreased DM recovery (95.6% vs. 97.4%) vs. CON ( P < 0.02).
Sharing a written medical summary with patients on the post-admission ward round: A qualitative study of clinician and patient experience.

RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Sharing aspects of the traditional medical record with patients has been successful in primary and antenatal care, but has not been investigated in the UK inpatient setting. Our aim was to evaluate the impact on patient and clinician experience of providing patients with a written lay summary of their care-plan in the acute care setting. METHOD We carried out a qualitative interview study on two acute medicine wards in an NHS University Teaching Hospital for a 4-week period in 2019. A summary record, designed in response to suggestions from doctors and patients from a previous study, was distributed to patients on the first ward round after admission. Eligible participants included all doctors and nurses working on and all patients and their families attending the acute medical units; patients were excluded if they lacked capacity to consent or were under 18. We interviewed 20 patients, 10 relatives, 10 doctors and 7 nurses. RESULTS Patients felt that the summary improved their ability to remember details about their care so they could more accurately and easily update their relatives. They did not feel that the summary induced anxiety. Patient-doctor communication was improved: patients felt empowered to ask more questions and doctors felt that it solidified their plan and encouraged them to avoid medical jargon. Most patients felt the summary included the 'right' amount of information. Healthcare professionals were more concerned about the risk of breaching confidentiality than patients. Doctors felt that providing summaries was time-consuming; there were differing opinions about whether this was a worthwhile investment of time. Clinicians recognized that the traditional medical record has many roles. CONCLUSIONS A summary record could empower patients and improve patient-doctor communication but would require additional clinician and administrative time.
Conscious sedation compared to general anesthesia for intracranial mechanical thrombectomy: A meta‐analysis

Endovascular therapy is the standard of care for severe acute ischemic stroke caused by large‐vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation, but there is a debate on the optimal anesthetic approach during this therapy. Meta‐analyses of observational studies suggest that general anesthesia increases disability and death compared with conscious sedation However, their results are conflicting. This meta‐analysis study was performed to assess the relationship between the effects of general anesthesia compared to conscious sedation during endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke.
Chorioamnionitis and Risk for Maternal and Neonatal Sepsis

Chorioamnionitis is associated with early-onset and late-onset neonatal sepsis, with limited evidence for term neonates or maternal sepsis. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk of maternal and neonatal sepsis associated with chorioamnionitis. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, BIOSIS, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were systematically searched for full-text articles in English from inception until May 11, 2020. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: We screened 1,251 studies. Randomized controlled trials, case-control, or cohort studies quantifying a relationship between chorioamnionitis and sepsis in mothers (postpartum) or neonates born at greater than 22 weeks of gestation were eligible. Studies were grouped for meta-analyses according to exposures of histologic or clinical chorioamnionitis and outcomes of maternal or neonatal sepsis. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: One hundred three studies were included, and 55 met criteria for meta-analysis (39 studies of preterm neonates, 10 studies of general populations of preterm and term neonates, and six studies of late preterm and term neonates). Study details and quantitative data were abstracted. Random-effects models were used to generate pooled odds ratios (ORs); most studies only reported unadjusted results. Histologic chorioamnionitis was associated with confirmed and any early-onset neonatal sepsis (unadjusted pooled ORs 4.42 [95% CI 2.68–7.29] and 5.88 [95% CI 3.68–9.41], respectively). Clinical chorioamnionitis was also associated with confirmed and any early-onset neonatal sepsis (unadjusted pooled ORs 6.82 [95% CI 4.93–9.45] and 3.90 [95% CI 2.74–5.55], respectively). Additionally, histologic and clinical chorioamnionitis were each associated with higher odds of late-onset sepsis in preterm neonates. Confirmed sepsis incidence was 7% (early-onset) and 22% (late-onset) for histologic and 6% (early-onset) and 26% (late-onset) for clinical chorioamnionitis-exposed neonates. Three studies evaluated chorioamnionitis and maternal sepsis and were inconclusive. CONCLUSION: Both histologic and clinical chorioamnionitis were associated with early- and late-onset sepsis in neonates. Overall, our findings support current guidelines for preventative neonatal care. There was insufficient evidence to determine the association between chorioamnionitis and maternal sepsis. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO, CRD42020156812.
Suspected acquired narcolepsy in 8 dogs

Abstract Background Acquired narcolepsy has rarely been reported in veterinary medicine. Objective To describe the presentation, clinicopathological features, diagnostic imaging findings, and management of dogs with suspected‐acquired narcolepsy. Animals Eight dogs with clinical features consistent with acquired narcolepsy. Methods A call for suspected cases of acquired narcolepsy was made online, followed by a retrospective review of detailed medical records of potential cases. Dogs were included if episodes consistent with cataplexy were present during examination by a board‐certified veterinary neurologist and diagnostic work‐up included magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. Results Seven French Bulldogs and 1 Chihuahua (age range, 9‐66 months) were included. Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin was diagnosed in 2 dogs, extracranial foci of inflammation were identified in 2 dogs (aspiration pneumonia, esophagitis, otitis media), and no abnormalities were found on diagnostic investigations in 4 dogs. Prednisolone was used in the management of all dogs, 6 dogs received imipramine, and 2 received cytosine arabinoside. An initial remission of signs was observed in all dogs, but a subsequent relapse of clinical signs was recorded for 4 dogs, of which 3 responded to adjustment or resumption of treatment. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The presence of cataplexy episodes should prompt a thorough diagnostic work‐up to exclude the presence of intracranial (and extracranial) pathology. The potential for both remission and relapse of signs in suspected acquired cases is important for clinicians and owners to be aware of.
Co-infection of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus and porcine deltacoronavirus enhances the disease severity in piglets.

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) are the main enteric coronaviruses that cause acute diarrhoea and dehydration in pigs. The co-infection of PDCoV and PEDV is common in natural swine infections, but the clinical outcomes of the interaction between the co-circulating PDCoV and PEDV are unknown. In current study, we established a co-infection model by inoculating the cell culture-adapted PDCoV HNZK-02 strain and PEDV CV777 simultaneously or sequentially using 4-day-old piglets. The weight loss, clinical scores, viral load and titer, histopathological changes and serum cytokines expression were compared with piglets challenged by either virus. Our results indicated the piglets co-inoculated with PDCoV and PEDV showed more serious diarrheal symptoms, mainly characterized by longer diarrheal period when compared to those of the mono-infection piglets. Furthermore, we observed that PEDV could promote PDCoV replication in the co-inoculated piglets with evidence of prolonged fecal viral shedding, high viral titers in feces and intestine tissues. Histological analysis indicated the co-infected piglets showed more extensive and serious pathological lesions in small intestine tissues than the mono-infection piglets. Our data also suggested that the co-infection of PDCoV and PEDV caused the excessive expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) in serum. These results proved there existed obvious synergistic pathogenic effects between PDCoV and PEDV co-infection, which provided new insights into the synergistic pathogenic mechanism caused by these two porcine coronaviruses.
Chloroplast dismantling in leaf senescence

Abstract In photosynthetic plant cells, chloroplasts act as factories of metabolic intermediates that support plant growth. Chloroplast performance is highly influenced by environmental cues. Thus, these organelles have the additional function of sensing ever changing environmental conditions, thereby playing a key role in harmonizing the growth and development of different organs and in plant acclimation to the environment. Moreover, chloroplasts constitute an excellent source of metabolic intermediates that are remobilized to sink tissues during senescence so that chloroplast dismantling is a tightly regulated process that plays a key role in plant development. Stressful environmental conditions enhance the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by chloroplasts, which may lead to oxidative stress causing damage to the organelle. These environmental conditions trigger mechanisms that allow the rapid dismantling of damaged chloroplasts, which is crucial to avoid deleterious effects of toxic by-products of the degradative process. In this review, we discuss the effect of redox homeostasis and ROS generation in the process of chloroplast dismantling. Furthermore, we summarize the structural and biochemical events, both intra- and extraplastid, that characterize the process of chloroplast dismantling in senescence and in response to environmental stresses.
Uncalibrated, Two Source Photo-Polarimetric Stereo

In this paper we present methods for estimating shape from polarisation and shading information, i.e. photo-polarimetric shape estimation, under varying, but unknown, illumination, i.e. in an uncalibrated scenario. We propose several alternative photo-polarimetric constraints that depend upon the partial derivatives of the surface and show how to express them in a unified system of partial differential equations of which previous work is a special case. By careful combination and manipulation of the constraints, we show how to eliminate non-linearities such that a discrete version of the problem can be solved using linear least squares. We derive a minimal, combinatorial approach for two source illumination estimation which we use with RANSAC for robust light direction and intensity estimation. We also introduce a new method for estimating a polarisation image from multichannel data and provide methods for estimating albedo and refractive index. We evaluate lighting, shape, albedo and refractive index estimation methods on both synthetic and real-world data showing improvements over existing state-of-the-art.
Antenatal low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound reduces neurobehavioral deficits and brain injury following dexamethasone‐induced intrauterine growth restriction

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity, and IUGR survivors are at increased risk of neurodevelopmental deficits. No effective interventions are currently available to improve the structure and function of the IUGR brain before birth. This study investigated the protective effects of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on postnatal neurodevelopmental outcomes and brain injury using a rat model of IUGR induced by maternal exposure to dexamethasone (DEX). Pregnant rats were treated with DEX (200 μg/kg, s.c.) and LIPUS daily from gestational day (GD) 14 to 19. Behavioral assessments were performed on the IUGR offspring to examine neurological function. Neuropathology, levels of neurotrophic factors, and CaMKII‐Akt‐related molecules were assessed in the IUGR brain, and expression of glucose and amino acid transporters and neurotrophic factors were examined in the placenta. Maternal LIPUS treatment increased fetal weight, fetal liver weight, and placental weight following IUGR. LIPUS treatment also increased neuronal number and myelin protein expression in the IUGR brain, and attenuated neurodevelopmental deficits at postnatal day (PND) 18. However, the number of oligodendrocytes or microglia was not affected. These changes were associated with the upregulation of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and placental growth factor (PlGF) protein expression, and enhancement of neuronal CaMKII and Akt activation in the IUGR brain at PND 1. Additionally, LIPUS treatment promoted glucose transporter (GLUT) 1 production and BDNF expression in the placenta, but had no effects on GLUT3 or amino acid transporter expression. Our findings suggest that antenatal LIPUS treatment may reduce IUGR‐induced brain injury via enhancing cerebral BDNF/CaMKII/Akt signaling. These data provide new evidence that LIPUS stimulation could be considered for antenatal neuroprotective therapy in IUGR.
Disentangling age‐ and disease‐related alterations in schizophrenia brain network using structural equation modeling: A graph theoretical study based on minimum spanning tree

Functional brain networks have been shown to undergo fundamental changes associated with aging or schizophrenia. However, the mechanism of how these factors exert influences jointly or interactively on brain networks remains elusive. A unified recognition of connectomic alteration patterns was also hampered by heterogeneities in network construction and thresholding methods. Recently, an unbiased network representation method regardless of network thresholding, so called minimal spanning tree algorithm, has been applied to study the critical skeleton of the brain network. In this study, we aimed to use minimum spanning tree (MST) as an unbiased network reconstruction and employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to unravel intertwined relationships among multiple phenotypic and connectomic variables in schizophrenia. First, we examined global and local brain network properties in 40 healthy subjects and 40 schizophrenic patients aged 21–55 using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI). Global network alterations are measured by graph theoretical metrics of MSTs and a connectivity‐transitivity two‐dimensional approach was proposed to characterize nodal roles. We found that networks of schizophrenic patients exhibited a more star‐like global structure compared to controls, indicating excessive integration, and a loss of regional transitivity in the dorsal frontal cortex (corrected p <.05). Regional analysis of MST network topology revealed that schizophrenia patients had more network hubs in frontal regions, which may be linked to the “overloading” hypothesis. Furthermore, using SEM, we found that the level of MST integration mediated the influence of age on negative symptom severity (indirect effect 95% CI [0.026, 0.449]). These findings highlighted an altered network skeleton in schizophrenia and suggested that aging‐related enhancement of network integration may undermine functional specialization of distinct neural systems and result in aggravated schizophrenic symptoms.