Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shock finding on a moving-mesh: I. Shock statistics in non-radiative cosmological simulations

Cosmological shock waves play an important role in hierarchical structure formation by dissipating and thermalizing kinetic energy of gas flows, thereby heating the universe. Furthermore, identifying shocks in hydrodynamical simulations and measuring their Mach number accurately is critical for calculating the production of non-thermal particle components through diffusive shock acceleration. However, shocks are often significantly broadened in numerical simulations, making it challenging to implement an accurate shock finder. We here introduce a refined methodology for detecting shocks in the moving-mesh code AREPO, and show that results for shock statistics can be sensitive to implementation details. We put special emphasis on filtering against spurious shock detections due to tangential discontinuities and contacts. Both of them are omnipresent in cosmological simulations, for example in the form of shear-induced Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities and cold fronts. As an initial application of our new implementation, we analyse shock statistics in non-radiative cosmological simulations of dark matter and baryons. We find that the bulk of energy dissipation at redshift zero occurs in shocks with Mach numbers around ${\cal M}\approx2.7$. Furthermore, almost $40\%$ of the thermalization is contributed by shocks in the warm hot intergalactic medium (WHIM), whereas $\approx60\%$ occurs in clusters, groups and smaller halos. Compared to previous studies, these findings revise the characterization of the most important shocks towards higher Mach numbers and lower density structures. Our results also suggest that regions with densities above and below $\delta_b=100$ should be roughly equally important for the energetics of cosmic ray acceleration through large-scale structure shocks.
Criminality in Huntington Disease

Background and Objectives Huntington disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative condition associated with varying degrees of motor, cognitive, and behavioral abnormalities. Although aggression, irritability, lack of insight, and poor impulse are well-recognized nonmotor manifestations of the disease, very little is known about their association with criminality, which is broadly defined as acts that are punishable by law. Methods We explored the prevalence of criminality in patients with HD seen between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2021, within a large academic medical center in the state of Illinois. To determine rates of criminality, we examined “criminal behavior” (defined as illegal actions that do not necessarily lead to criminal prosecution) through a retrospective medical record review of keywords or phrases related to criminality. We also examined “crime” (defined as the presence of a criminal record) in this same sample of patients through a search of official publicly available online databases from the state of Illinois and the federal government. Results Of the 210 patients included, 97 (46.2%) had criminal behavior documented in their medical records. Based on public database information, 89 patients (42.4%) had a criminal record and 26 patients (12.4%) had been arrested. Traffic violations were committed by 94.4% of the cohort and were the most common infractions. Most of these violations were petty offenses and only punishable by fines. Physical aggression toward caregivers was the most common criminal behavior identified in medical records. This tended to occur in advance stages of the disease and rarely led to criminal charges. Crime occurred at any point in the disease course of HD, including before and after the development of clinical signs and the formal diagnosis of HD. Discussion The presence of criminality was not infrequent in our cohort, but rarely did this result in criminal charges and rarely did these charges result in arrests or incarcerations. Discussions surrounding driving safety and management of physical aggression toward caregivers should be part of regular outpatient visits with patients with HD. Ultimately, it is unknown whether criminality is a common feature of HD, and assessments need to be developed to determine its true prevalence.
Recent activity of the Be/X-ray binary system SAX J2103.5+4545

Aims. We present a multiwavelength study of the Be/X-ray binary system SAX J2103.5+4545 with the goal of better characterizing the transient behaviour of this source. Methods. SAX J2103.5+4545 was observed by Swift/XRT four times in 2007 from April 25 to May 5, and during quiescence in 2012 August 31. In addition, this source has been monitored from the ground-based astronomical observatories of El Teide (Tenerife, Spain), Roque de los Muchachos (La Palma, Spain), and Sierra Nevada (Granada, Spain) since 2011 August, and from the TUBu National Observatory (Antalya, Turkey) since 2009 June. We performed spectral and photometric temporal analyses to investigate the different states exhibited by SAX J2103.5+4545. Results. In X-rays, an absorbed power-law model provided the best fit for all the XRT spectra. An iron-line feature at ∼6.42 keV was present in all the observations except for that taken during quiescence in 2012. The photon indexes are consistent with previous studies of SAX J2103.5+4545 in high/low-luminosity states. Pulsations were found in all the XRT data from 2007 (2.839(2) mHz; MJD 54 222.02), but not during quiescence. The two optical outbursts in 2010 and 2012 lasted for about eight or nine months (as the one in 2007 probably did and the current one in 2014 might do) and were most probably caused by mass-ejection events from the Be star that eventually fed the circumstellar disc. All of these outbursts started about three months before the triggering of the X-ray activity, and at about the same period before the maximum of the Hα line equivalent width (in emission) was reached at only ∼–5 A. The global correlation between the BV variability and the X-ray intensity was also observed at longer wavelengths in the IR domain.
Do financial consultants exert a moderating effect on savings behavior?A study on the Indian rural population

Abstract Access to basic financial services, though, enables destitute and vulnerable individuals in society to promote prosperity, a significant section of rural population is still unbanked in India. Unveiling various small saving schemes, the Indian Government has accelerated the financial inclusion, but the availability of numerous alternative schemes has created a surplus of market information, causing difficulty in building economic judgment for the rural people having no financial socialization through formal and informal education and training. While dismissive investors rely on their own decisions, the convincing behaviour of financial consultants may play a crucial role in shaping the saving habits of the preoccupied population. To analyse the moderation effect of financial consultants on the relationship between small savings schemes, financial literacy and behaviour, and savings habit of rural people, the empirical study employs a two-phase structural equation modelling on the data gathered from 343 adult respondents from 12 Indian districts with a considerable rural population. In order to validate the hypothesized measurement model, a confirmatory factor analysis is carried out and in the next phase, the structural model is used to verify the association between exogenous and endogenous variables. The study exhibits a significant positive impact of predictors and moderation variables on the savings habit. The study recommends integrating consultants into the financial engineering process to advance inclusivity and encourage saving behaviour of rural individuals for personal and economic prosperity.
A HOT MOLECULAR CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK AROUND THE MASSIVE PROTOSTAR ORION SOURCE I

We report new Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of a circumstellar disk around Source I in Orion KL, an archetype of massive protostar candidates. We detected two ortho-H2O lines at 321 GHz (102, 9–93, 6) and 336 GHz (ν2 = 1, 52, 3–61, 6) for the first time in Source I. The latter one is in a vibrationally excited state at the lower state energy of 2939 K, suggesting evidence of hot molecular gas close to Source I. The integrated intensity map of the 321 GHz line is elongated along the bipolar outflow while the 336 GHz line map is unresolved with a beam size of 0. ″4. Both of these maps show velocity gradients perpendicular to the bipolar outflow. The velocity centroid map of the 321 GHz line implies a spatial and velocity structure similar to that of vibrationally excited SiO masers tracing the root of the outflow emanating from the disk surface. In contrast, the 336 GHz line is most likely emitting from the disk midplane with a diameter of 0. ″2 (84 AU) as traced by radio continuum emission and a dark lane devoid of the vibrationally excited SiO maser emission. The observed velocity gradient and the spectral profile of the 336 GHz H2O line can be reconciled with a model of an edge-on ring-like structure with an enclosed mass of >7 M☉ and an excitation temperature of >3000 K. The present results provide further evidence of a hot and neutral circumstellar disk rotating around Source I with a diameter of ∼100 AU scale.
Acute Symptomatic Seizure Associated With Chronic Antiseizure Medication Use After Stroke

Background and Objective Patients with acute symptomatic seizures (ASyS) after stroke are discharged on antiseizure medications (ASMs) and stay on them for an extended period. We analyzed the current ASM management practice, 6 months, and at the last follow-up after stroke-related ASyS concerns to identify chronic and long-term ASM use predictors. Methods A single-center, retrospective cohort study of adults who underwent continuous EEG monitoring for ASyS concerns after stroke (April 1, 2012 to March 31, 2018) with at least 6 months of follow-up was performed. ASM use beyond 6 months after the initial ASyS concern was defined as “chronic” among patients discharged on them. “Long-term” ASM use at the last follow-up in all patients with ASyS concerns was analyzed. Logistic regression and Cox regression multivariable modeling to analyze predictors of “chronic” and “long-term” ASM use, respectively, was performed. Results A total of 465 (mean age 61.7 ± 13.3 years and 52% female patients) patients (41.9% ischemic stroke, 36.1% intracerebral hemorrhage, and 21.9% subarachnoid hemorrhage) were included. Of the 179 (38.5%) patients discharged on ASMs, 132 (73.7%; 28.4% of study population) had chronic ASM use, despite 90% not experiencing any seizure (poststroke epilepsy [PSE]) during this time. The independent predictors of chronic ASM use were electrographic ASyS (odds ratio [OR] = 9.27, 95% CI = 2.53–60.4) and female sex (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.02–4.83). After a median 61-month (5.1 years) follow-up, 101 (21.7%) patients in the study population were on long-term ASM use, including 67 (14.4%) who developed PSE. Long-term ASM use was associated with NIH Stroke Scale Score (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.015–1.98), cortical involvement (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.02–1.6), convulsive ASyS (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.02–2.09), epileptiform findings on outpatient EEG (OR = 4.03, 95% CI = 1.28–12.76), and PSE development (OR = 7.06, 95% CI = 3.7–13.4). Discussion Chronic ASM use is highly associated with electrographic, rather than convulsive, ASyS. However, long-term ASM use is independently associated with PSE and its risk factors, including convulsive ASyS. With the ubiquity of stroke-related ASyS concerns in routine clinical practice, comparative effectiveness studies to guide ASM management are needed.
Job Satisfaction and Work Characteristics Combinations in Industry 4.0 Environment—Insight from the Polish SMEs in the Post–Pandemic Era

The development of Industry 4.0, which has been observed for many years, spans the period before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This concept, which describes the complex process of business transformation, is reflected in a growing number of studies showing that the aim of Industry 4.0 is not to eliminate the human factor, but to introduce effective collaboration between people, systems, and machines. The success of a company depends to a large extent on the efficiency and productivity of its employees, to which job satisfaction is directly related. Job satisfaction is a phenomenon influenced by many factors, including job characteristics. Recognition of the relationship between job satisfaction and job characteristics throughout the implementation of Industry 4.0 solutions is marginal. Therefore, an attempt was made to identify the relationship between job characteristics and the achievement of job satisfaction in the digital transformation era by conducting a survey among Polish SMEs after the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey used the fs/QCA method. The results of the study contribute to SME theory and practice by identifying different combinations of job characteristics leading to high and low job satisfaction in an Industry 4.0 environment.
MOMENTUM INJECTION BY SUPERNOVAE IN THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM

Supernova (SN) explosions deposit prodigious energy and momentum in their environments, with the former regulating multiphase thermal structure and the latter regulating turbulence and star formation rates in the interstellar medium (ISM). However, systematic studies quantifying the impact of SNe in realistic inhomogeneous ISM conditions have been lacking. Using three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, we investigate the dependence of radial momentum injection on both physical conditions (considering a range of mean density n0 = 0.1– 100 cm - 3 ? > ) and numerical parameters. Our inhomogeneous simulations adopt two-phase background states that result from thermal instability in atomic gas. Although the supernova remnant (SNR) morphology becomes highly complex for inhomogeneous backgrounds, the radial momentum injection is remarkably insensitive to environmental details. For our two-phase simulations, the final momentum produced by a single SN is given by 2.8 × 10 5 M ⊙ km s - 1 n 0 − 0.17 ? > . This is only 5% less than the momentum injection for a homogeneous environment with the same mean density, and only 30% greater than the momentum at the time of shell formation. The maximum mass in hot gas is also quite insensitive to environmental inhomogeneity. Strong magnetic fields alter the hot gas mass at very late times, but the momentum injection remains the same. Initial experiments with multiple spatially correlated SNe show a momentum per event nearly as large as single-SN cases. We also present a full numerical parameter study to assess convergence requirements. For convergence in the momentum and other quantities, we find that the numerical resolution Δ and the initial size of the SNR r init ? > must satisfy Δ , r init < r sf / 3 ? > , where the shell formation radius is given by r sf = 30 pc n 0 − 0.46 ? > for two-phase models (or 30% smaller for a homogeneous medium).
Instability in electromagnetically driven flows Part II

In a previous paper, we have reported numerical simulations of the MHD flow driven by a travelling magnetic field (TMF) in an annular channel, at low Reynolds number. It was shown that the stalling of such induction pump is strongly related to magnetic flux expulsion. In the present article, we show that for larger hydrodynamic Reynolds number, and with more realistic boundary conditions, this instability takes the form of a large axisymmetric vortex flow in the (r,z)-plane, in which the fluid is locally pumped in the direction opposite to the one of the magnetic field. Close to the marginal stability of this vortex flow, a low-frequency pulsation is generated. Finally, these results are compared to theoretical predictions and are discussed within the framework of experimental annular linear induction electromagnetic pumps.
At the Interplay Between Needs and Expectations: Regional Perspectives on Being an Intermediary Support Structure in Knowledge Governance

Introduction: During the last decade, structures for ‘knowledge governance’ as a means of strengthening the quality of social services has been used by the Swedish government and national authorities. In this process, regional collaboration and support structures (RCSSs) have been identified as a key asset as an intermediary link between national and local actors. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of these regional actors on expectations associated with being an intermediary support structure in knowledge governance processes in social services in Sweden. Methods: The study uses an abductive, qualitative approach, mainly with open questions in an empirical-driven manner (inductively) and partly in a theory-driven manner (deductively). Interviews with representatives from the RCSSs were used for data collection. Conventional content analysis with elements of directed content analysis of the data material was used. Results: A variety of expectations on RCSSs was reported from the national and local levels. According to the respondents, the feeling of inadequacy in relation to the perceived expectations was recurrent because the expectations were hard to meet. They also experienced role ambiguity and that their mission was unclear. Conclusions: The findings show that RCSSs seem to handle the situation by considering, assessing, and prioritising different actors’ needs and expectations in relation to their own perception of the intermediary mission. The findings also indicate a lack of a collective sense-making process with other key actors on different levels in the knowledge governance system. To reach the core purpose of knowledge governance, it is necessary to establish a common understanding of the relationship between expectations and prerequisites for facilitation between national, regional, and local actors.
Study the effect of Sex hormones in patients with stomach ulcers in Anbar Governorate

Background: Stomach ulcer disease (SUD) is common in most parts of the world, where ulcers are caused by inflammation of the stomach lining. SUD affects more than 10% of the world's population. It is one of the most common digestive problems. SUD may occur as a result of endothelial damage when there is an imbalance between defensive factors (gastric mucosal barrier, bicarbonate secretion, and elevated blood flow). Aggressive infectious agents (acid, pepsin, H. pylori, and refluxing bile salts). Testosterone neutralizes stomach acidity, and testosterone has been shown to have a role in protecting stomach ulcers, as testosterone stimulates gastric PGs that suppress stomach acidity. Progesterone thickens gastric mucus and prevents mucosal ulceration. Progesterone also acts as an antioxidant to remove free radicals, by promoting gastric mucosal formation, reducing acidic mucosal secretion, inhibiting pepsinogen production, and reducing lesions. SUD are relatively rare during pregnancy, and estrogen exhibits a protective effect against the incidence and severity of SUD, and the risk of ulcers is lower in women compared with men. Methods: We enrolled 60 patients divided into thirty males and thirty females with SUD and 60 healthy controls divided into thirty males and thirty females individuals who did not have the disease and had no history of smoking or drinking alcohol. We measure serum (Testosterone, Progesterone, and Estrogen). Results: Serum (Testosterone, Progesterone, and Estrogen) levels were significantly decreased in SUD patients compared to controls.
Behaving with Respect to Dogs: Children’s Mastered Dog-Safety Skills May Not Generalize Naturalistically

Dog bites are a common danger to children. Behavioral safety training strategies are more effective than nonbehavioral strategies, but questions remain about whether learned responses generalize to new dogs and settings. Three preschool-aged girls who exhibited unsafe dog-greeting behavior during in situ assessments were taught to safely greet unfamiliar, leashed dogs using TAGteach™ ( TAGteach International, 2016 ). The children acquired the six-step behavior chain, but responding did not generalize to a novel dog, handler, and setting even after completing the training three times in progressively more-naturalistic settings. These results suggest a need to investigate effective strategies for teaching safety skills around dogs. They also question whether dog-safety training via online modules, classroom-based instruction, or video modeling is sufficient to improve young children’s behavior around dogs in natural settings.
A near-IR imaging survey of intermediate- and high-mass young stellar outflow candidates

We have carried out a near-infrared imaging survey of luminous young stellar outflow candidates using the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope. Observations were obtained through the broad-band K (2.2 μm) and narrow-band filters at the wavelengths of H 2 υ = 1-0 S(1) (2.1218 μm) and Brγ (2.166 μm) lines. 50 regions were imaged with a field of view of 2.2 x 2.2 arcmin 2 . Several young embedded clusters are unveiled in our near-infrared images. 76 per cent of the objects exhibit H 2 emission and 50 per cent or more of the objects exhibit aligned H 2 emission features suggesting collimated outflows, many of which are new detections. These observations suggest that disc accretion is probably the leading mechanism in the formation of stars, at least up to late O spectral types. The young stellar objects (YSOs) responsible for many of these outflows are positively identified in our images based on their locations with respect to the outflow lobes, Two-Micron All-Sky Survey colours and association with Midcourse Space Experiment, Infrared Astronomical Satellite, millimetre and radio sources. The close association of molecular outflows detected in CO with the H 2 emission features produced by shock excitation by jets from the YSOs suggests that the outflows from these objects are jet-driven. Towards strong radio emitting sources, H 2 jets were either not detected or were weak when detected, implying that most of the accretion happens in the pre-ultracompact (pre-UC) H II phase; accretion and outflows are probably weak when the YSO has advanced to its UC H II stage.
The Fermi gamma-ray spectrum of the inner galaxy: Implications for annihilating dark matter

Recently, a preliminary spectrum from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has been presented for the inner galaxy (-30 < l < 30, -5 < b < 5), as well as the galactic center (-1 < l < 1, -1< b < 1). We consider the implications of these data for dark matter annihilation models, especially models capable of producing the cosmic-ray excesses previously observed by PAMELA and Fermi. These local cosmic-ray excesses, when extrapolated to the inner galaxy, imply inverse Compton scattering (ICS) gamma-ray signals largely consistent with the preliminary Fermi gamma-ray spectrum. For specific halos and models, particularly those with prompt photons, the data have begun to constrain the allowed parameter space. Although significant modeling and background uncertainties remain, we explore how large a signal is permitted by the current data. Based upon this, we make predictions for what signal could be present in other regions of the sky where dark matter signals may be easier to isolate from the astrophysical backgrounds.
Soliton turbulence in nonintegrable wave systems

The character of the evolution of wave turbulence is studied within the framework of the nonintegrable nonlinear Schroedinger equation in the absence of wave collapse. It is shown that the turbulence separates into two components-weak wave turbulence and a low-density soliton gas whose density decreases with time. The soliton gas is a statistical attractor whose dimension decreases with time. The results of this work were confirmed by numerical experiments.