Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of chlorophyll‐a and total suspended matter concentrations using Landsat ETM and field spectral measurement in Taihu Lake, China

The field spectral reflectance was measured with a spectroradiometer in Taihu Lake of China, and the water samples were collected in situ and analysed in the lab. The water quality results are correlated with the reflectivity to find out the spectral characteristics and evaluated for estimating chlorophyll‐a (CHL) and total suspended matter (TSM), on the basis of which the most appropriate single and combined bands with different pixel window sizes are selected from Landsat sensor to develop estimation models. And then the two best precise models, one with ETM3 dividing ETM1 and the other with ETM4 dividing ETM1, are used respectively to approximate the CHL and TSM concentrations. Additionally, the pixel window size has an effect on the precision to estimate the water quality parameters, 7×7 or 5×5 is mostly suitable to estimate CHL concentration whereas 3×3 or less is more suitable for estimating TSM concentration.
Geometry and mechanism of faulting of the 1980 El Asnam, Algeria, earthquake from inversion of teleseismic body waves and comparison with field observations

The El Asnam earthquake of October 10, 1980 (Ms = 7.3), provided a wealth of geological and seismological data and is an ideal event for comparing geologically and seismologically derived models. The event produced extensive surface faulting. In addition to the main tectonic deformation, which is clearly a thrust, widespread secondary normal faulting was observed at the surface. In the southwest region the surface break of a thrust fault could be traced for 24 km. In the northeast part of the fault zone, normal faults with throws of several meters were observed. Although no clear thrust type surface breaks were observed in this region, geodetic measurements and aftershocks indicate that thrusting was nonetheless the main tectonic mode of deformation. In this paper the rupture process of the El Asnam earthquake is investigated by inversion of teleseismic P and SH waves. The effort is concentrated on the late part of the waveforms which carries information about the faulting in the least understood, north-eastern segment of the fault zone. During the earthquake, rupture initiated at the southern terminus of the southwestern fault segment and propagated northward as indicated by the epicentral location and the observable azimuthal directivity of the body wave shapes and amplitudes. The seismogenic faulting in the southwestern segment has a thrust mechanism with the following average parameters: seismic moment 3.9×1019 N m, depth 6 km, strike 220°, dip 46°, and rake 72°. The duration of rupture on this fault segment was approximately 10 s which, together with the observed fault length of 24 km, indicates a rupture velocity of 2.4 km/s. Unconstrained inversions suggest normal faulting in the northeast part of the source region that began immediately following the arrival of the rupture to the northeast region. The normal faulting mechanism is in agreement with that observed for the large surface fault scarps in this region. Guided by the evidence from aftershocks and geodetic measurements, a solution with a thrust-type mechanism was also sought. Using a priori constraints based on the field observations (the observed strike and slip angle), we obtain the following thrust source mechanism for the northeast segment: seismic moment 3.6×1019 N m, depth 6 km, strike 230°, dip 20°, and rake 91°. This solution requires that the thrusting in the northeast be initiated 10 s after the arrival of the rupture from the southwest, suggesting that some time is required to overcome the geometric barrier marked by the abrupt change in the dip and azimuth. Inversions are nonunique with respect to the seismic moment associated with normal faulting; the ambiguity being caused by the limited bandwidth of the observed body waves. The moment estimated from the surface waves at periods about 300 s, however, favors thrust faulting to be dominant in the northeast region.
A tribute to Charlie Chaplin: Induced positive affect improves reward-based decision making in Parkinson's Disease.

Reward-based decision-learning refers to the process of learning to select those actions that lead to rewards while avoiding actions that lead to punishments.This process, known to rely on dopaminergic activity in striatal brain regions, is compromised in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We hypothesized that such decision-learning deﬁcits are alleviated by induced positive affect, which is thought to incur transient boosts in midbrain and striatal dopaminergic activity. Computational measures of probabilistic reward-based decision-learning were determined for 51 patients diagnosed with PD. Previous work has shown these measures to rely on the nucleus caudatus (outcome evaluation during the early phases of learning) and the putamen (reward prediction during later phases of learning). We observed that induced positive affect facilitated learning, through its effects on reward prediction rather than outcome evaluation. Viewing a few minutes of comedy clips served to remedy dopamine-related problems associated with frontostriatal circuitry and, consequently, learning to predict which actions will yield reward.
1 Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Markers Are Associated With Obesity In Non-Diabetic Subjects

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Markers Are Associated With Obesity In NonDiabetic Subjects † Neeraj K. Sharma *, Swapan K. Das *, Ashis K. Mondal, Oksana G. Hackney, Winston S. Chu, Philip A. Kern, Neda Rasouli, Horace J. Spencer, Aiwei Yao-Borengasser, and Steven C. Elbein ¶ *These authors contributed equally to this work Endocrine Section, Medicine and Research Services, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
A Simplified Linear Framework for Interpreting Patterns of Northern Hemisphere Wintertime Climate Variability

Abstract The principal patterns of variability of the extratropical Northern Hemisphere (NH) wintertime circulation are examined, based on 42 yr of data from the NCAR–NCEP reanalyses. The two-dimensional phase space defined by the two leading PCs of the monthly mean sea level pressure (SLP) field poleward of 20°N is used as a basis for surveying the structure of the geopotential height and surface air temperature (SAT) fields. Together these two patterns account for roughly half the variance of SLP on interannual time scales and longer, and virtually all the planetary-scale SLP trends over the 42-yr period of record. The leading EOF corresponds to the NH annular mode (NAM), and the second EOF resembles the Pacific–North America (PNA) pattern. The leading EOF of the monthly mean geopotential height field at various levels throughout the troposphere and lower stratosphere is well represented by linear combinations of these two SLP patterns, as are the intraseasonal and interannual SLP fields, the NAM, the N.
InSAR processing for the recognition of landslides

Abstract. Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) is an established method for the detection and monitoring of earth surface processes. This approach has been most successful where the observed area fulfills specific requirements, such as sufficient backscattering, flat slope gradients or very slow changes of vegetation. We investigated the capability of two different InSAR techniques and achieved good results for the recognition of landslides in China and Greece that compared well with geodetic derived movement rates. This demonstrates the strong potential of SAR Interferometry for the detection of landslides and earth surface movements.
Therapeutics & Clinical

Background: Stroke is one of the major causes of physical and mental disability among people. Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) represents a wide spectrum from mild cognitive impairment to dementia following cerebrovascular disorder that is resulting in either ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Purpose of study: This study was conducted to investigate the difference in cognitive functions’ affection following ischemic versus hemorrhagic stroke. Subjects: 75 subjects were enrolled in this study, 25 healthy subjects and 50 stroke patient (25 ischemic and 25 hemorrhagic stroke patients) of both sexes with age range between 45 and 55 years old, duration of illness was between 6 to 12 months and years of education of patients and subjects participated in this study was at least nine years. The patients were selected from outpatient clinic, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt. Subjects were classified into three groups: GA (25 healthy subjects), GB (25 ischemic stroke patients) and GC (25 hemorrhagic stroke patients). Methods : Both of healthy subjects and stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic) patients received cognitive assessment via Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MOCA) and Rehacom system as four categories were assessed which are figural memory, attention concentration, reaction behavior and logical thinking; each category was assessed for 30min. Results : This study results showed that there was a significant difference between the results of MOCA scale and Rehacom system among the three groups , with (P ≤ 0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between GB (ischemic stroke) and GC (hemorrhagic stroke). Conclusion: on the basis of the present data , it can be concluded that healthy subjects have better preserved cognitive functions in comparison with stroke patients (either ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke) , based on MOCA scale results , deterioration in cognitive functions in hemorrhagic stroke was greater than in ischemic stroke , based on Rehacom System results , figural memory and logical thinking were more affected in patients with hemorrhagic stroke in comparison with ischemic stroke patients and reaction behavior and attention concentration were more affected in patients with ischemic stroke in comparison with haemorrhagic stroke patients .
Assessing genetic diversity in a germplasm collection of kola trees (Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott and Endl.) using enzymatic markers

The genetic diversity of a germplasm collection of kola trees (Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott and Endl. ) maintained in Cote d'Ivoire and consisting of accessions originating from Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea and Nigeria, was assessed using 6 en­zyme systems and 11 loci. These enzyme systems were GPI with 3 loci and 17 al­leles, PGM (2loci,4 alleles), IDH (2loci, 3 alleles), EST (l locus, 3 alleles),ACP (1 lo­cus, 2 alleles) and MDH (2 loci, 5 alleles). Nine of the 11 loci were polymorphic. A hierarchical ascendant classification (cluster analysis) revealed that the total population was structured into three ge­netically distinct and di versified groups: A, Band C. The fixation index (F) and the inbreeding coefficient within sub­population (F;) were found to be +0.20 and -0.15, respectively. The three groups (A, B and C) differ at allele f of the locus Gpi-2 and the alleles e,f and g of the locus Gpi-3. Each group is heterogeneous and contained both Ivorian, Guinean and Nigerian genotypes. The originality of these groups was confirmed by a facto­rial discriminant analysis. The results led to the conclusion that the three popula­tions studied would have had a common centre of dispersion.
Corporate Demand for Insurance: An Empirical Analysis of the U.S. Market for Catastrophe and Non-Catastrophe Risks

Despite a series of unprecedented disasters that have unfolded in the past decades, there has been little economic analysis about corporate demand for catastrophe insurance. Using a unique dataset of 1,808 large U.S. corporations, this study provides the first empirical analysis that compares corporate demand for standard property insurance and for catastrophe coverage (here, terrorism) using a demand-supply system equation. The main finding of this study is that corporate demand for catastrophe insurance is more price inelastic than for non-catastrophe insurance. This result differs from the existing findings on homeowners’ demand for catastrophe insurance which has been shown to be price elastic. Further, larger companies are more likely to have some catastrophe coverage and a higher solvency ratio reduces demand for such coverage. Our results further suggest that free federal reinsurance under TRIA has led insurers to be less cautious about risk diversification in the case of terrorism risk than they are on the property side.
Minireview Heavy use of prophylactic antibiotics in aquaculture : a growing problem for human and animal health and for the environment

The accelerated growth of finfish aquaculture has resulted in a series of developments detrimental to the environment and human health. The latter is illustrated by the widespread and unrestricted use of prophylactic antibiotics in this industry, especially in developing countries, to forestall bacterial infections resulting from sanitary shortcomings in fish rearing. The use of a wide variety of antibiotics in large amounts, including non-biodegradable antibiotics useful in human medicine, ensures that they remain in the aquatic environment, exerting their selective pressure for long periods of time. This process has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in aquaculture environments, in the increase of antibiotic resistance in fish pathogens, in the transfer of these resistance determinants to bacteria of land animals and to human pathogens, and in alterations of the bacterial flora both in sediments and in the water column. The use of large amounts of antibiotics that have to be mixed with fish food also creates problems for industrial health and increases the opportunities for the presence of residual antibiotics in fish meat and fish products. Thus, it appears that global efforts are needed to promote more judicious use of prophylactic antibiotics in aquaculture as accumulating evidence indicates that unrestricted use is detrimental to fish, terrestrial animals, and human health and the environment.
USE OF THE ICE-WATER SURFACE TENSION CONCEPT IN ENGINEERING PRACTICE

MANY AUTHORS USE SURFACE TENSION PHENOMENA TO EXPLAIN RELATIONSHIPS AMONG SOIL TYPE, PRESSURES DEVELOPED DURING FREEZING, AND FREEZING TEMPERATURE. THESE RELATIONSHIPS ARE ASCRIBED TO EFFECTS ARISING FROM THE SITUATION OF THE ICE AND WATER INTERFACES WITHIN SOIL PORES. TWO PARTICULAR APPLICATIONS ARE (A) PREDICTION OF PRESSURES (OR "SUCTIONS") DEVELOPED AT THE FROST LINE AND, THUS, THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF A SOIL TO FROST HEAVE, AND (B) PREDICTION OF THE PROPORTIONS OF ICE AND WATER AS A FUNCTION OF SOIL TYPE AND TEMPERATURE AND, THUS, OF THE THERMAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOIL. RECENTLY DEVELOPED SOIL-TESTING TECHNIQUES FOR THESE PURPOSES ARE DESCRIBED. THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES INDICATE THESE TESTS TO BE THE BASIS OF IMPROVED PRACTICAL PROCEDURES, AND THE MANNER OF THEIR UTILIZATION IS DISCUSSED. THE ROLE OF SURFACE-TENSION CONCEPTS IN PROVIDING A RELATIVELY SIMPLE PICTURE OF MANY ASPECTS OF FROZEN SOIL BEHAVIOR CAN BE COMPARED TO THE IMPORTANCE OF CAPILLARITY AND SURFACE TENSION IN UNDERSTANDING THE BEHAVIOR OF UNFROZEN SOILS. /AUTHOR/
Fisher Digital Publications Fisher Digital Publications

Abstract There are many motivational factors or barriers that effect women to weight train at a recreational standard. In this research, weight training is any use of resistance machines, bands or the lifting of weights. Through this research, the question of how do women who weight train differ from those who do not in a physical, mental and social aspect is answered. Furthermore, this research identifies what the specifics are refraining women from weight training and how to make these barriers motivate women to weight train based off of all the positive benefits it has for women. The theory that helped framework this administered research was the social role theory which specified the role of society on masculinity and femininity. There are prevalent themes that were raised with this research and they include the impact of gender roles, masculinity, barriers and motivations through the practice of weight training. These resulted in the findings of the conducted research proving how there are still inequalities present regarding women in society who weight train. Results also show how the lack of education of weight training has been the major barrier of women participating in weight training. The common barriers that arise from this theory helped to set up the motivation of goals by women to overcome such a barrier. Also, the findings in this research suggest that there are more barriers than motivations and how women need to develop goals to help motivate them to weight train. The methods conducted took a post-positivism research framework where there was a mix of qualitative and quantitative data. This mix of data is gathered to understand the why and how women weight train based on the female participants. There was a conducted survey that was given to every other woman in the lobbies of Planet Fitness in Victor, NY and Penfield Fitness in Penfield, NY. This research could potentially help the gym understand their female clientele and there was an offered incentive if the woman agreed to take the survey and participate in the research. This research is in the midst of implicating women to see the health impact that weight training can have for an overall physical, mental and social aspects of life. Also, to bring awareness of the inequalities that are still present in today’s male dominated activates and sports.
2019). Neural mechanisms of attending to items in working memory. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 101, 1-12.

Working memory, the ability to keep recently accessed information available for immediate manipulation, has been proposed to rely on two mechanisms that appear di ﬃ cult to reconcile: self-sustained neural ﬁ ring, or the opposite — activity-silent synaptic traces. Here we review and contrast models of these two mechanisms, and then show that both phenomena can co-exist within a uni ﬁ ed system in which neurons hold information in both activity and synapses. Rapid plasticity in ﬂ exibly-coding neurons allows features to be bound together into objects, with an important emergent property being the focus of attention. One memory item is held by persistent activity in an attended or “ focused ” state, and is thus remembered better than other items. Other, previously attended items can remain in memory but in the background, encoded in activity-silent synaptic traces. This dual functional architecture provides a uni ﬁ ed common mechanism accounting for a diversity of perplexing attention and memory e ﬀ ects that have been hitherto di ﬃ cult to explain in a single theoretical framework.
Safety and tolerability of antipsychotics: focus on amisulpride

: The introduction of the atypical antipsychotic drugs represents an important advance in the treatment of schizophrenia, because the therapeutic efficacy, tolerability, and safety profiles of these agents seem to be superior to that of the classical neuroleptics. As would be predicted from the pharmacologic profile of a pure D 2 /D 3 receptor blocker, amisulpride is an atypical antipsychotic agent, effective for positive and negative symptoms, which can bring about additional improvement in the social functioning and quality of life of patients with schizophrenia. Amisulpride is effective in acute schizophrenia as determined by Clinical Global Impression scores. The major concern regarding the safety of the atypical antipsychotics is related to their propensity to induce weight gain and alter glucose and lipid metabolism. Amisulpride has one of the lowest potentials for weight gain of all the antipsychotic agents, and is associated with clearly lower use of antiparkinsonian medication and with fewer dropouts due to adverse events than conventional antipsychotics. Amisulpride is well tolerated with regard to anxiety and insomnia, and not notably different from placebo. Amisulpride has a pronounced prolactin-elevating effect which appears to be independent of dosage and duration of administration. Hyperprolactinemia rapidly reverses following amisulpride discontinuation. Amisulpride benefits patients with negative symptoms, and is the only antipsychotic to demonstrate efficacy in patients with predominantly negative symptoms. Amisulpride maintains its efficacy when used for medium/ long-term treatment, as demonstrated in studies of up to 12 months. In terms of relevance of the effects, superiority is observed for quality of life, social adaptation, and functioning, as measured by the Quality of Life and Functional Status Questionnaire scales. In conclusion, amisulpride is an antipsychotic agent with proven efficacy and good tolerability. Moreover, this drug can help people with schizophrenia to attain social reinsertion.
Assessment of bacterial quality of raw meat samples (carabeef, chevon, pork and poultry) from retail meat outlets and local slaughter houses of Agra Region, India.

A total of 120 raw meat samples, 30 each from carabeef, chevon, pork and poultry were assessed for microbiological load i.e. Standard plate count (SPC), Coliform count (CC) and Staphylococcal count (SC). Mean values of SPC (log10cfu/g) were found to be 7.03±0.07 for carabeef, 6.96±0.78 for chevon, 6.86±0.02 for pork and 6.75±0.04 for poultry meat. Mean values of Coliform count (CC) (log10cfu/g) were found to be 3.04±0.08 for carabeef, 3.93±0.14 for chevon, 3.40±0.10 for pork and 3.82±0.12 for poultry. Mean values of Staphylococcus count (SC) (log10cfu/g) were found to be 3.90±0.12 for carabeef, 3.84±0.12 for chevon, 2.81±0.11 for pork and 3.35±0.10 for poultry. The findings of this study revealed that hygienic quality was poor in case of the fresh meats sold at markets of Agra region.
Seasonal and Topographical Factors Affecting Breeding Sites of Culex Larvae in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand

This study investigated how the seasons affect the key breeding sites of Culex larvae in three topographical areas: mangrove, rice paddy and mountainous areas. We examined how the number of Culex larvae varied in different types of water containers. Water containers were categorised into the following groups: indoor/outdoor containers, artificial/natural containers, earthen/plastic containers, containers with/without lids and dark/light coloured containers. Samples were collected from 300 households in both the wet and dry seasons from three topographical areas in Nakhon Si Thammarat province with 100 households/topographical area. Culex larvae were found in 19 out of 29 types of water containers in mangrove, rice paddy and mountainous areas. Culex females laid eggs in different container types depending on the season and topographical areas. Culex larvae were found in highest numbers in metal boxes in all three topographical areas and for both wet and dry seasons. The number of positive containers was higher in outdoor containers than indoor containers, artificial containers than natural containers, earthen containers than plastic containers, and dark coloured containers than light coloured containers Furthermore, the number of positive containers was found to be higher in containers without lids than containers with lids. The number of Culex larvae differed among the three topographical areas and between the wet and dry seasons.