Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen and Helium at Conditions of Giant Planet Interiors

NVT ensemble simulations have been conducted for pure hydrogen and H-He mixtures at primordial concentrations (0.09 helium number fraction) by using the vdW-DF2 exchange-correlation functional for comparison to PBE results. These results show helium to diminish the first-order behaviour of the phase transition observed in pure hydrogen at 1000 K. Phase transitions are shifted to higher densities and pressures with the inclusion of helium and further by the use of the vdW-DF2 functional. Thermodynamic and transport properties reported of hydrogen give the super-critical extension of the liquid-liquid phase transition known as the Widom and Frenkel lines. Excellent agreement is shown with experimental data for pressure, conductivity and reflectivity along the principal Hugoniot as calculated with vdW-DF2. NPT ensemble simulations are conducted on the solubility of helium in hydrogen having significant implications for the interiors of gas giant planets. VdW-DF2 results show helium to be soluble in hydrogen to much lower temperatures than predicted by PBE due to the favouring of molecular hydrogen which allows for helium to be soluble in hydrogen. This implies that helium falling under gravity and producing latent heat will likely not occur within the interiors of Jupiter and Saturn.
Retail Distribution Temperature and Quality Status of Fried-Frozen Korean Meat Ball Products

In order to investigate the quality status of fried-frozen Korean meat ball products during retail distribution, VBN value, TBA value, pH and metmyoglobin ratio were determined for 117 samples collected in Seoul area during the period of May to September, 1995. Most samples maintained relatively good quality, but one sample of a company showed of VBN value and 0.65mg/kg of TBA value which indicate the early stage of spoilage. Correlation coefficient between metmyoglobin ratio and TBA value was highly significant. Samples closer to shelf-life limit tended to show higher VBN value, TBA value, metmyoglobin ratio and pH. Out of the surveyed samples, 35% were on retail shelves of temperature above , while only 18% were being sold at temperature below . It is concluded that prepared frozen foods should be stored at the recommended temperature of .
Radiation Effects in Thin-Film Ferroelectric PZT for Non-Volatile Memory Applications in Microelectronics

Cet article traite des effets des radiations ionisantes (rayons X ou γ) dans les materiaux ferroelectriques destines aux composants electroniques utilisant des couches minces polarisables (memoires non-volatiles). Apres avoir rappele les types d'observations, on propose certains mecanismes pour decrire ces effets dans les capacites a base de PZT. Les effets de fatigue du cycle d'hysteresis sont etudies et interpretes en les couplant aux effets d'une irradiation. Comme l'irradiation, la fatigue par cyclage montre un aplatissement des courbes d'hysteresis. Dans cet expose, on montre qu'il existe un parallele entre les effets des irradiations et de la fatigue. Un mecanisme est propose base sur le mouvement des parois de domaine et son empechement progressif par epinglage des parois.
NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT OF SWEET POTATO ( Ipomoea batatas L.) BY SOLID SUBSTRATE FERMENTATION USING FOUR FUNGAL SPECIES

Sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas L.) tubers and flour were fermented using pure strains of four fungal species: Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Neurospora sitophila and Saccharomyces cerevisiae using solid substrate fermentation at 300C for 72 hrs. The protein content of the samples increased significantly (p£0.05) from 2.34±0.07% in the unfermented tuber to values ranging from 11.46±0.01 and 12.62±0.09% in the fermented tuber and 6.26±0.05% in the unfermented flour to values ranging from 7.83±0.06 and 9.70± 0.02 in the fermented flour. Fat content was also increased in the fermented tubers. However, fermentation decreased the fat content of the flour except in Aspergillus niger - fermented flour. Fermentation increased the ash content of the samples (except in Saccharomyces cerevisiae - fermented tuber, Rhizopus stolonifer -fermented flour and -fermented flour). The crude fibre, carbohydrate, sugars (reducing, non-reducing and total) and starch contents of both flours and tubers reduced after fermentation. Mineral elements such as Mg (except in Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermented tuber and Aspergillus niger fermented tuber), Ca (except in Aspergillus niger - fermented tuber), P (except in Rhizopus stolonifer fermented flour), and K (except in Aspergillus niger fermented flour) and decreased significantly; while Zn (except Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermented tuber and flour and Aspergillus niger fermented flour), Fe (except in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferment tuber and flour and Rhizopus stolonifer fermented tuber) and Na (except in Rhizopies stolonifer fermented tuber) contents increased. Overall, Aspergillus niger appeared to be the most nutritionally-enriching compared to other fungi, while the sweet potato tuber proved to be a better fermentable substrate than the flour. KEY WORDS: Fungi, Nutrient enrichment; Solid substrate fermentation; Sweet potato. Global Jnl Pure & Applied Sciences Vol.10(1) 2004: 31-36
Structural fluctuations and the order-disorder phase transition in calcite

Molecular-dynamics calculations have been carried out on the ordered (low-temperature) and orientationally disordered (high-temperature) phases of calcite. The potential model used is shown to reproduce the main features of the experimentally observed order-disorder transition. The significance of the results for the interpretation of recent inelastic neutron-scattering experiments is discussed with particular reference to a possible competition between different ordering processes. Comparison is made with previously reported simulations of the corresponding phase transition in sodium nitrate and differences in behaviour between the two systems are noted.
Pool Boiling Heat Transfer in Saturated Nanofluids

Experimental investigations were performed to understand the fundamentals of pool boiling heat transfer in nanofluids. The pool boiling curves of water and nanofluids at the pressure of 2.89 psia (Tsat = 60°C) were obtained and compared using a flat square (1 × 1 cm) heater. The tested nanofluids contain aluminum oxide (Al2 O3 ) nanoparticles dispersed in distilled-deionized water. The concentrations of nanofluids range from 0 gram/liter to 0.05 gram/liter. The results show that the boiling heat transfer coefficient is independent of concentrations of nanofluids. Remarkable enhancement (~200%) of CHF was achieved for low concentrations of nanofluids (above 0.01 gram/liter). The boiling parameters, such as bubble size and departure frequency, were measured and analyzed using a 390-μm-diameter platinum wire. The measurement reveals that the size of bubbles increases and the bubble frequency decreases significantly in saturated nanofluids as compared to those in pure saturated water. The surface orientation effects on boiling heat transfer in nanofluids are also investigated. The results show that CHF enhancement of nanofluids is more effective as the boiling surface faces downward.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Axial chiral aggregation-induced emission luminogens with aggregation-annihilated circular dichroism effect

Axial chiral aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogens of (R)-3,3′-BTPE-BINA, (R)-6,6′-BTPE-BINA and (S)-6,6′-BTPE-BINA were synthesized for the first time by covalently attaching the AIE-active tetraphenylethene (TPE) units to the axial chiral binaphthol (BINOL) moieties at their 3,3′- or 6,6′-positions. It was found that the circular dichroism (CD) value when TPE was attached to BINOL at its 3,3′-positions was much larger than that found after its attachment at 6,6′-positions. The resultant AIE-active luminogens (AIEgens) show high quantum yields (up to 42.4%) in their aggregated states. Interestingly, these AIEgens exhibit an abnormal aggregation-annihilation CD (AACD) phenomenon. The decrease in the twisted angle between the two naphthalene rings upon aggregation was rationalized as the cause of this unique effect.
SOIL COMPACTING IMPACTS OF GRAZING IN MIXED PRAIRIE AND FESCUE GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS OF ALBERTA

The impacts of long-term grazing on compaction were assessed in mixed prairie and fescue grassland ecosystems of Alberta. Grazing regimes were of light to very heavy intensities, grazed early, late, and continuously during the growing season. Bulk density was measured with a surface moisture/density gauge and a combination moisture/density probe to 65 cm. Penetration resistance to 30 cm was measured with a cone penetrometer. Solonetzic soils were less sensitive to compaction under grazing than Chernozemic soils. Heavy intensity and/or early season grazing had greater impacts on compaction than light intensity and/or late season grazing. Under the former grazing regimes, bulk density increased to 7.5 cm at Kinsella and 65 cm at Stavely; penetration resistance increased to depths of 2.5 cm at Brooks, 15 cm at Kinsella, and 30 cm at Stavely. Heavy trampling versus regular grazing increased penetration resistance to depths of 30 and 10 cm under heavy intensity and/or early season and light intensity and/or la.
Vine performance and grape composition as affected by early‐season source limitation induced with anti‐transpirants in two red Vitis vinifera L. cultivars

Background and Aims: Previous work has shown that an early (i.e. pre-flowering) source limitation achieved with either hand or mechanical basal shoot zone defoliation is effective in controlling yield while improving grape composition in several environments and Vitis vinifera genotypes. Our study was designed to determine whether similar results can be reproduced by using a film-forming anti-transpirant. Methods and Results: The entire canopies of field grown cvs. Sangiovese and Ciliegiolo vines were treated twice pre-flowering with the anti-transpirant Vapor Gard® (Intrachem Bio Italia, Grassobbio, BG, Italy) (T) and compared with an unsprayed control (C). Leaf assimilation and transpiration in both cultivars showed similar reductions (30–70%) for several weeks after spraying as compared with control vines, while intrinsic water use efficiency increased in treated vines soon after first application and after veraison. In Sangiovese, treated vines showed reduced yield, berry weight, bunch compactness and, on a 2-year basis, lower vigour and unchanged vine capacity every year. At harvest, treated vines showed higher °Brix in all seasons and higher anthocyanin concentration in 2 out of 3 years. Results of a 2-year run in Ciliegiolo mimicked those of Sangiovese in terms of yield regulation. Conclusions: Early season applications of a film-forming anti-transpirant caused a leaf function limitation strong enough to reduce yield and bunch compactness through smaller final berry size. Significance of the Study: Anti-transpirant applications can be proposed as a much easier way than manual or mechanical leaf removal to induce crop regulation through early source limitation.
A Novel Molecular Cubic Perovskite Built From Charge-Assisted Hydrogen Bond Linkages

A novel molecular cubic perovskite (C6H14N2)(NH4)[BF4]3, space group Pa-3 (number 205), has been hydrothermally synthesized and further characterized by x-ray diffraction studies, elemental analysis, infrared spectrum, and thermogravimetric analysis. This is the Gfirst molecular cubic perovskite based on the three-dimensional (3-D) array of complex C6H14N2 2+ (C6H14N2 = doubly protonated 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane), NH4 +, and BF4 − modular groups that are held together largely by the extensive hydrogen bonding. This work demonstrates that the perovskite-type structure is highly flexible to diverse chemical components and can be stabilized by a wide range of chemical interactions.
Chlorella sp. and Arsenic Compounds: An Attempt to Prepare an Algal Reference Material for Arsenic Compounds

The growth of Chlorella Bohm, Chlorella kessleri and Chlorella 108 in media containing sodium arsenate at 200 or 2000 mg As dm−3 was investigated. The cell densities in the stationary phases were 40% higher for Chlorella Bohm (5.6×105 cells cm−3) and Chlorella kessleri (4.5×105 cells cm−3) grown in the 2000 mg As dm−3 arsenate media compared with the arsenic-free media. The growth of Chlorella 108 was depressed by arsenate. Dimethylarsinic acid (at concentrations never exceeding 1.2 mg As dm−3) and arsenite (⪅0.2 mg As dm−3) were detected in the growth medium. The cells harvested during the stationary phase had 2400 mg arsenic associated with 1 kg dry mass. A water/methanol (80:20) mixture extracted all the arsenic from the cells. Most of the arsenic (99%) was arsenate. Arsenite, methylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid accounted for the remaining arsenic. Cadmium in the arsenic-containing growth media (50 μg to 100 mg dm−3) reduced the yield of algal cells and induced the formation of an unidentified arsenic compound in Chlorella Bohm. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Portable microwave air plasma device for wound healing

A portable microwave air plasma has been developed for safe and effective wound healing. The device is operated by a fixed microwave power and two different air gas flows (main and cooling air flow). It was found that the speeds of the two air flows determine the stability of the plasma jet and gas temperature and thereby regulate the concentrations of the individual reactive species. Two different regimes, i.e. the NO abundant (0.1 slm main air flow) and ozone abundant regimes (4 slm main air flow), were identified as suitable for wound healing without thermal damage and toxicity. These regimes show similar plasma characteristics (e.g. less than 40 °C at the treatment point, less than 4 ppm of NO2) except for different NO and ozone amounts. Both regimes show more than twice as fast wound healing speed compared with the untreated case without any histological damages. Faster healing speed with intrinsic ozone safety make the NO abundant regime the best operation regime for wound healing. Finally, the stability of the developed device was demonstrated by a one-hour continuous operation test with a 24 V battery.
MODIFICATION OF EPOXY RESINS WITH PHENOLIC HYDROXYL-TERMINATED POLYSILOXANE

Phenolic hydroxyl-terminated polysiloxanes were incorporated into epoxy resins to reducethe internal stress owing to the mismatch in coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). Polysiloxane-epoxy resin block copolymers were made by a pre-reaction step prior to thecuring. In the cured resin, the domain size of the polysiloxane phase depended on thestructure of the phenolic hydroxyl-terminated polysiloxane. It was found that the modulus ofthe cured resin depended largely on the level of the modifier, while the CTE was affectedgreatly by the structure of the polysiloxane. By means of incorporating a few percent ofmethylphenylsiloxane unit into the polydimethylsiloxane chain, or by introducing morecompatible end-capping groups, the compounds of more effective low stress modifiers weresynthesized.
Quantum and transport lifetimes in a tunable low-density AlGaN∕GaN two-dimensional electron gas

We experimentally determine the density dependence of the transport lifetime (τt) obtained from low-field Hall measurements and the quantum lifetime (τq) derived from analysis of the amplitude of Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations in a tunable high mobility two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in a Al0.06Ga0. 94N∕GaN heterostructure. Using an insulated gate structure, we are able to tune the 2DEG density from 2×1011 to 2×1012cm−2, and thus, monitor the evolution of the scattering times in a single sample at T=0.3K in a previously unexplored density regime. The transport lifetime τt is a strong function of electron density, increasing from ∼2.7ps at ne=2×1011cm−2 to ∼11ps at ne=1.75×1012cm−2. Conversely, we find that the quantum scattering time τq is relatively insensitive to changes in electron density over this range. The data suggest that dislocation scattering accounts for the density dependence of τq as well as τt in our low-density sample.
The Limits of Firing Frequency in Cat Lumbosacral Motoneurones Possessing Different Time Course of Afterhyperpolarization

Kernell, D. The limits of firing frequency in cat lumbosacral motoneurones possessing different time course of after hyperpolarization. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 65, 87–100. — Long-lasting repetitive discharges were set up in cat lumbosacral motoneurones by steady currents injected through the tip of an intracellular micro-electrode. The upper and lower limits of discharge frequency of the various motoneurones were significantly correlated with the time course of their afterhyperpolarization the latter being measured from single spike discharges (generally antidromic). From previous work it is known that the relation between discharge frequency and current strength (the “f-I relation”) is linear over a certain range from the minimal firing rate and upwards (Granit, Kernell and Shortess 1963, Kernell 1965 b). In the present paper it was shown that the maximal discharge frequency within this linear part of the f-I relation was also significantly correlated with the time course of afterhyperpolarization. The findings are discussed with regard to problems of regulation of muscle tension by repetitive firing on the part of the motoneurones.
Evaluation of the Cooking Quality Characteristics of Pasta Enriched with Spirulina Platensis

Pasta is produced from semolina with the addition of Spirulina platensis at three different levels (5, 10 and 15% w/w) to enhance the sensorial and nutritional quality. Pasta samples were evaluated for cooking quality (weight increase, cooking loss, volume increase), microbiological quality (total mold and yeast count), color (L, a, b) and sensory characteristics. The cooking loss in all pasta samples was similar and was below the technologically acceptable limit (<8%). According to color measurements and evaluations of panelists, adding Spirulina in pasta provided an appealing green tone. Also, mold and yeast were not detected in control and pasta enriched with Spirulina. Sensory evaluation indicated that pasta enriched with 10% S. platensis has a good overall score the same as the control group. In this study, the investigation results of pasta enriched with Spirulina indicated satisfactory technological attributes needed in the pasta industry. Practical Applications Microalgae may enhance the nutritional content of conventional foods to positively affect human health because of their high nutritional components. Pasta is one of the best choices for incorporating Spirulina because it is popular with consumers due to it is easy handling, storage and preparation. There is a great need for scientific knowledge about application of such functional ingredients in industrial food. Determination of the cooking quality parameters of pasta enriched with Spirulina will provide the basic information to the food industry.
Use of isotopic labels and mathematical modelling to investigate mineral and vitamin bioavailability in humans

This thesis describes the application of compartmental modelling techniques to data from human intervention studies with the objective of studying the absorption and metabolism of minerals (iron, copper, calcium) and vitamins (folate, carotenoids, riboflavin) labelled with stable isotopes. Compartmental modelling is a mathematical tool that uses differential equations to describe a dynamic process, such as nutrient metabolism, by adjusting the parameters of the equations until the model is a good fit to the real experimental data. A single compartment model was developed that can be used to estimate the quantity of absorbed (unlabelled) iron from a test drink containing a minimum of 10mg iron. Studies on copper demonstrated that approximately 74% of the absorbed dose is sequestered by the liver on “first-pass” and that large quantities of copper (2.4mg/d) are lost via the bile. Data from a calcium intervention trial was evaluated using a multi-compartment model and indicated that a moderately high salt intake (11.2g/d) was associated with a significantly negative bone calcium balance with a high calcium (1284mg/d) compared to a low calcium (518mg/d) diet (P=0.024). Modelling the initial metabolism of an absorbed dose of C-labelled folic acid resulted in the finding that it is not metabolised in the mucosal cells but (probably) in the liver. The absorptive efficiency of carotenoids was investigated by isolating the triglyceride rich lipoprotein fraction in plasma and a simple model was used to estimate β-carotene and lutein bioavailability. Results from the first stable isotope labelled riboflavin study indicated that the bioavailability of riboflavin from spinach (60±30%) was not significantly different to the bioavailability of riboflavin derived from milk (67±21%). The thesis has shown how compartmental modelling, in conjunction with stable isotope labelling, can reveal new insights into human mineral and vitamin metabolism, especially in the study of nutrient bioavailability.
A Procedure to Measure the Diffusion Coefficient of Water in Brick as a Function of the Water Concentration

A procedure to measure the diffusion coefficient of water in brick as a function of the water concentration has been proposed, based on a method of measuring the mass of a drying brick at both outer ends. In this method, the brick is subjected to one-dimensional drying. The procedure was tested using a simulation with realistic parameter values and experimental inaccuracies. An experiment consisted of 120 s of drying and measuring the masses every 10 s with an accuracy of 10−6 kg. The sample was first dried to a lower water content and the drying was stopped for some time to allow the concentration profile to approximate a known equilibrium concentration profile, after which another measurement was performed at that lower water content. Minimizing the differences between the masses, as measured and as it follows from the model, gave the value of the diffusion coefficient. The method failed for low water concentrations.
Accurate determination of hexanal in beef bouillons by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry

Lipid oxidation has great impact on the quality of food products through flavor and taste deterioration, reduction in nutritive value, and potential toxicity of the oxidized food components. Flavor and taste deterioration can be easily perceived and it represents one of the major causes of consumer complaints in the food industry. The deterioration of sensory properties is due to the decomposition products of hydroperoxides that easily isomerize and degrade into volatile compounds. Volatile products are responsible for flavor and taste deterioration. In this study, we present the development of the solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) technique to quantify low amounts (μg/g range) of secondary oxidation products, i.e. hexanal. The optimization of SPME parameters is a difficult task because of the possibility of further formation of volatile products during analysis. Different parameters such as type of fiber, exposure time of the fiber to the sample headspace and the optimal temperature of absorption have also been investigated. The complete validation of the method was achieved by the determination of linearity, limits of detection and quantification and repeatability. We demonstrated that the SPME method is a valuable tool for the quantification of low amounts of secondary oxidation products such as hexanal. Therefore, this technique can be used to detect early formation of volatiles.