Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduction of drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction in people with self-reported dysregulated eating behaviors after intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Aim This study aimed to explore the effect of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) of the right and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in people with self-reported dysregulated eating behaviors but without a diagnosis of eating disorders (EDs). Methods Participants were randomly divided into two equivalent groups according to the side (right or left) of the hemisphere to be stimulated and they were tested before and after a single iTBS session. Outcome measurements were scores on self-report questionnaires assessing psychological dimensions related to eating behaviors (EDI-3), anxiety (STAI-Y), and tonic electrodermal activity. Results The iTBS interfered with both psychological and neurophysiological measures. Significant variations of physiological arousal after iTBS of both the right and left DLPFC were witnessed by increased mean amplitude of non-specific skin conductance responses. With regard to the psychological measures, the iTBS on the left DLPFC significantly reduced the scores of the EDI-3 subscales drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction. Interestingly, these two scales are two of the three EDI-3 clinic scales (drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, and bulimia) used as specific markers to assess the onset and/or maintenance of eating disorders. Conclusion Our results show that the left DLPFC iTBS has an impact on the psychological dimensions that are risk factors for the onset of eating disorders, suggesting that an altered hemispheric asymmetry similar to that encountered in clinical populations is present in normal subjects even in the absence of clinical symptoms.
CALCULATION STRATEGIES USED BY YEAR 5 CHILDREN

When working on mathematical questions, children choose from a range of calculation strategies. Although the National Numeracy Strategy (NNS) advises that different methods are taught for each of the four operations, this research shows that children often find it difficult to choose the most efficient and effective in order to answer the question. This paper reports on the findings from a sample of Year 5 children who were given questions from a QCA paper and it examines the range of strategies used by them.
Domain of final lowering in spontaneous Japanese

There are two opposing predictions about the domain of final lowering (FL) in Japanese intonation. One predicts that the domain is the last mora of utterance whereas the other predicts that the domain is much wider (with no clear specification of the domain). X-JToBI annotated part of the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese (the CSJ-Core, 44 h speech spoken by 201 speakers) was analyzed to determine the domain of FL in Tokyo Japanese. Mean normalized F0 values of the four constituent tones of accented accentual phrases (AP) were compared across utterances differing both in the number of constituting APs (from 1 to 5) and the syntactic strength of sentence- or clause-boundaries (three levels). It turned out that all tones in the last AP of utterance were considerably lowered in all utterances regardless of utterance length. This suggests strongly that the domain of FL is the last AP in Japanese. It also turned out that FL occurred in much wider contexts than hitherto believed. FL was observed not only in typica.
Use of qualitative behavioural assessment to investigate affective states of housed dairy cows under different environmental conditions

In addition to the reduction of suboptimal welfare, there is now a need to provide farmed animals with positive opportunities to provide confidence that they have experienced a life worth living. Diversification of the environment through environmental enrichment strategies is one suggested avenue for providing animals with opportunities for positive experiences. The provision of more stimulating environmental conditions has been widely implemented in other animal production industries, based on evidenced welfare benefits. However, the implementation of enrichment on dairy farms is limited. In addition to this, the relationship between enrichment and dairy cows' affective states is an under-researched area. One specific welfare benefit of enrichment strategies which has been observed in a number of species, is increased affective wellbeing. This study investigated whether the provision of different forms of environmental enrichment resources would impact the affective states of housed dairy cows. This was measured by Qualitative Behavioural Assessment, currently a promising positive welfare indicator. Two groups of cows experienced three treatment periods; (i) access to an indoor novel object, (ii) access to an outdoor concrete yard and (iii) simultaneous access to both resources. Principal component analysis was used to analyse qualitative behavioural assessment scores, which yielded two principal components. The first principal component was most positively associated with the terms “content/relaxed/positively occupied” and had the most negative associations with the terms ‘fearful/bored'. A second principal component was most positively associated with the terms “lively/inquisitive/playful” and was most negatively associated with the terms “apathetic/bored”. Treatment period had a significant effect on both principal components, with cows being assessed as more content, relaxed and positively occupied and less fearful and bored, during periods of access to additional environmental resources. Similarly, cows were scored as livelier, more inquisitive and less bored and apathetic, during treatment periods compared to standard housing conditions. Concurrent with research in other species, these results suggest that the provision of additional environmental resources facilitates positive experiences and therefore enhanced affective states for housed dairy cows.
Addressing Suicide Risk: A Systematic Review of Motivational Interviewing Infused Interventions

Purpose: Brief interventions have been applied to the problem of suicide. This systematic review quantitatively and qualitatively examined the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI)-infused interventions. Methods: PRISMA guidelines were followed throughout. Results: 147 studies were initially identified, with nine meeting the final inclusion criteria. All studies blended MI with other interventions and were primarily located in triage settings. MI-infused interventions were not significantly stronger in lowering suicidal ideation or behavior. However, such interventions were significantly more likely to result in follow-up care post intervention. Discussion: MI-infused interventions are not linked to statistically significantly lowered risk for suicide ideation or behavior despite increased mental health-seeking behavior post intervention. However, MI-infused interventions may be valuable for suicidal behavior in hospital settings because they increase a key intervention target: following up with mental health care. The literature on MI-infused interventions for suicide is in an early stage with many unanswered questions.
Feedback Stabilization of Linear Retarded Systems in Banach Spaces

Feedback stabilizability is studied for linear retarded systems in Banach spaces. Under the assumptions that the control is finite dimensional and the corresponding instantaneous free system generates a compact semigroup, the rank condition for exponential stabilizability is established based on the stabilizability result due to Bhat and Wonham. The condition is expressed in terms of eigenvectors and controllers, and the equivalent spectral mode controllability and observability conditions are given. An application is given to a class of parabolic partial functional differential equations with mixed boundary conditions.
Pedigree and genome-based patterns of homozygosity in the South African Ayrshire, Holstein, and Jersey breeds

The erosion of genetic diversity limits long-term genetic gain and impedes the sustainability of livestock production. In the South African (SA) dairy industry, the major commercial dairy breeds have been applying estimated breeding values (EBVs) and/or have been participating in Multiple Across Country Evaluations (MACE). The transition to genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) in selection strategies requires monitoring of the genetic diversity and inbreeding of current genotyped animals, especially considering the comparatively small population sizes of global dairy breeds in SA. This study aimed to perform a homozygosity-based evaluation of the SA Ayrshire (AYR), Holstein (HST), and Jersey (JER) dairy cattle breeds. Three sources of information, namely 1) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes (3,199 animals genotyped for 35,572 SNPs) 2) pedigree records (7,885 AYR; 28,391 HST; 18,755 JER), and 3) identified runs of homozygosity (ROH) segments were used to quantify inbreeding related parameters. The lowest pedigree completeness was for the HST population reducing from a value of 0.990 to 0.186 for generation depths of one to six. Across all breeds, 46.7% of the detected ROH were between 4 megabase pairs (Mb) and 8 Mb in length. Two conserved homozygous haplotypes were identified in more than 70% of the JER population on Bos taurus autosome (BTA) 7. The JER breed displayed the highest level of inbreeding across all inbreeding coefficients. The mean (± standard deviation) pedigree-based inbreeding coefficient (FPED) ranged from 0.051 (±0.020) for AYR to 0.062 (±0.027) for JER, whereas SNP-based inbreeding coefficients (FSNP) ranged from 0.020 (HST) to 0.190 (JER) and ROH-based inbreeding coefficients, considering all ROH segment coverage (FROH), ranged from 0.053 (AYR) to 0.085 (JER). Within-breed Spearman correlations between pedigree-based and genome-based estimates ranged from weak (AYR: 0.132 between FPED and FROH calculated for ROH <4Mb in size) to moderate (HST: 0.584 between FPED and FSNP). Correlations strengthened between FPED and FROH as the ROH length category was considered lengthened, suggesting a dependency on breed-specific pedigree depth. The genomic homozygosity-based parameters studied proved useful in investigating the current inbreeding status of reference populations genotyped to implement genomic selection in the three most prominent South African dairy cattle breeds.
Subsonic Jet Noise Reduction by Microjets - A Parametric Study

The effect of injecting tiny secondary jets (‘μjets’) on the radiated noise from a subsonic primary jet is studied experimentally. The μjets are injected on to the primary jet near the nozzle exit with variable port geometry, working fluid and driving pressure. A clear reduction in the overall sound pressure level in the direction of peak noise radiation is observed that improves with increasing μjet pressure. It is found that smaller diameter ports with higher driving pressure, but involving less thrust and mass fraction, can produce better noise reduction. A collection of data from the present as well as past experiments is examined in an attempt to correlate the noise reduction with the operating parameters. The results indicate that the OASPL reduction, as monitored at a shallow angle, correlates with the ratio of μjet to primary jet driving pressures normalized by the ratio of corresponding diameters (pμd/pj D). With gaseous injection, the spectral amplitudes decrease at lower frequencies while an increase is noted at higher frequencies. The amplitude ‘crossover’ is thought to be at least partly due to shock-associated noise from the underexpanded μjets themselves. Such crossover is not seen with water injection apparently because the flow in that case is incompressible and there is no shock-associated noise. Centerline velocity data show that larger noise reduction is accompanied by faster jet decay as well as significant reduction in turbulence intensities. While a physical understanding of the dependence of the noise reduction on pμd/pj D remains unclear, given this correlation, an analysis explains the observed dependence of the effect on various other parameters.
The analysis of gut microbiota in patients with bile acid diarrhoea treated with colesevelam

Introduction Bile acid diarrhoea (BAD) is a common disorder that results from an increased loss of primary bile acids and can result in a change in microbiome. The aims of this study were to characterise the microbiome in different cohorts of patients with BAD and to determine if treatment with a bile acid sequestrant, colesevelam, can alter the microbiome and improve microbial diversity. Materials and methods Patients with symptoms of diarrhoea underwent 75-selenium homocholic acid (75SeHCAT) testing and were categorised into four cohorts: idiopathic BAD, post-cholecystectomy BAD, post-operative Crohn’s disease BAD and 75SeHCAT negative control group. Patients with a positive 75SeHCAT (<15%) were given a trial of treatment with colesevelam. Stool samples were collected pre-treatment, 4-weeks, 8-weeks and 6–12 months post-treatment. Faecal 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis was undertaken. Results A total of 257 samples were analysed from 134 patients. α-diversity was significantly reduced in patients with BAD and more specifically, in the idiopathic BAD cohort and in patients with severe disease (SeHCAT <5%); p < 0.05. Colesevelam did not alter bacterial α/β-diversity but patients who clinically responded to treatment had a significantly greater abundance of Fusobacteria and Ruminococcus, both of which aid in the conversion of primary to secondary bile acids. Conclusion This is the first study to examine treatment effects on the microbiome in BAD, which demonstrated a possible association with colesevelam on the microbiome through bile acid modulation in clinical responders. Larger studies are now needed to establish a causal relationship with colesevelam and the inter-crosstalk between bile acids and the microbiome.
Psychometric evaluation and measurement equivalence of the Adolescents’ Societal Belongingness Scale (ASBS)

ABSTRACT Societal belongingness – feelings of being a connected, an affiliated, and a respected member of the larger society – may contribute to the understanding of adolescent development both as a person and a member of society in a multicultural context. The current study examined the psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Adolescents’ Societal Belongingness Scale (ASBS) using data from 12- to 15-year-old youth (N = 1065, Mage = 13.12, SD = .42, 45% female). Multiple group CFA models revealed configural, scalar, and metric invariance of the societal belongingness scale across adolescents with immigrant, mixed, and Swedish backgrounds. The scale scores were positively correlated with class belonging and social trust and negatively correlated with depressive symptoms and delinquency. Between-group differences across immigrant, mixed-heritage, and native youth provided further evidence for the sensitivity of the measure. Overall, the current findings suggest that the societal belongingness scale could be used for studying the sense of belonging towards the larger society across adolescents of immigrant, mixed, and majority backgrounds.
Shunt Active Power Filter Based on Savitzky-Golay Filter: Pragmatic Modelling and Performance Validation

This article introduces a novel reference current generation technique based on the Savitzky–Golay filter (SGF) for shunt active power filter (SAPF). Although the existing and conventional SAPF can mitigate harmonics under grid disturbances and nonlinear load environments, they have numerous performance deficiencies including computational complexity, average filtration ability, and slow dynamic response. The proposed SAPF based on SGF can generate a harmonic-free fundamental reference current that can eventually improve the overall harmonic profile and performance compared to existing SAPFs. In addition, an SGF-based phase-locked loop (PLL) is introduced to generate reference phases directly from the distorted grid voltages by retaining the fundamental information of the signal. Thus, it does not induce any phase delay or distortions in the output, unlike the conventional PLLs utilized in the SAPFs. Comparative analysis of performance evaluation is carried out with other SAPFs, and the findings represent the principal achievements of this article. This includes a substantial improvement in performance and harmonic profile under transient conditions. The results are further validated through simulation analysis and hardware implementation.
Regional characteristics of cloudiness in Serbia during the period 1991–2017

Monthly climate data of days with clear and cloudy skies at 38 stations (1991–2017) and daily visual observations of total cloud amounts (TCA) available at six principal stations (1992–2017) were used to investigate regional, subregional, and temporal characteristics of cloudiness in Serbia. Annual, seasonal, and monthly means were used in the analysis. Results showed differences due to influences from topography, predominant synoptic situations, and possible teleconnection with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). According to our criteria, the annual number of cloudy‐sky days (~80–120) was higher than that of selected clear‐sky days (~50–90), except for 3 years of prevailing anticyclonic circulations. A maximum cloudiness frequency was in winter (December), while a minimum frequency was in summer (August). TCA variability was the highest in an area of complex orography. Southeast Serbia was characterized by the smallest daily temporal variation of TCA based on 7, 14, and 21 h observations as well as by a high number of clear‐sky days during all seasons, while the western mountainous part was much cloudier. From October to January, morning TCA was higher than afternoon TCA, ranging from 70% (January) to 78% (December). Statistically significant positive trends in the number of cloudy‐sky days were found for three stations. A statistically significant moderate positive/negative correlation coefficient was found between the monthly cumulative frequencies of clear‐sky/cloudy‐sky days and the NAO for the winter seasons, respectively. During the 18 winters with the negative NAO index (i.e., frequent westerly warm and moist advection), there were approximately six times more cloudy‐sky days (588) than clear‐sky days (88).
Investigation into the Microstructure and Hardness of Additively Manufactured (3D-Printed) Inconel 718 Alloy

Additive manufacturing (AM) of Ni-based super alloys is more challenging, compared to the production other metallic alloys. This is due to their high melting point and excellent high temperature resistance. In the present work, an Inconel 718 alloy was fabricated by a powder laser bed fusion (P-LBF) process and investigated to assess its microstructural evolution, together with mechanical properties. Additionally, the alloy was compared against the cast (and forged) alloy of similar composition. The microstructure of the P-LBF-processed alloy shows hierarchy microstructure that consists of cellular sub-structure (~100–600 nm), together with melt pool and grain boundaries, in contrast of the twin infested larger grain microstructure of the cast alloy. However, the effect of such unique microstructure on mechanical properties of the L-PBF alloy was overwritten, due to the absence of precipitates. The hardness of the L-PBF-processed alloy (330–349 MPa) was lower than that of cast alloy (408 MPa). The similar trend was also observed in other mechanical properties, such as Young’s modulus, resistance to plasticity and shear stress.
Current Understanding of Pain Neurophysiology among Physiotherapists Practicing in Saudi Arabia

To ensure the effective management of patients’ pain, it is important that physiotherapists have a good understanding of the neuroscience behind pain. A major barrier to adequate pain management is that, for patients, there is limited access to clinicians who are knowledgeable about pain. This study examined the level of knowledge regarding pain neurophysiology among physiotherapists currently practicing in Saudi Arabia. Method: The study was a cross-sectional web-based survey that utilized the 12-item Revised Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to describe levels of knowledge regarding pain neurophysiology and to examine differences in knowledge based on the characteristics of the participating physiotherapists (gender, educational level, experience, practice region, and country where their highest educational level was attained). Results: One hundred and eleven physiotherapists (58.6% male) from various regions and educational backgrounds participated in the study. Out of a maximum Revised Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire score of 12, the mean ± standard deviation (SD) was 6.7 ± 2.2; 90% of physiotherapists scored 9 (75%) or less. None of the examined characteristics of the participants were associated with knowledge. Conclusion: Physiotherapists in Saudi Arabia showed limited knowledge of the neurophysiology of pain; however, this was not related to the personal characteristics that were examined. The continuation of education in modern pain science is recommended for physiotherapists, especially those dealing with patients suffering from chronic pain. Clinical Relevance: The physiotherapists who took part in this study displayed limited knowledge of pain neuroscience; this limited knowledge might suggest the need for a more bio-anatomical approach to pain management. There is a need for tailored medical education to address pain neuroscience knowledge in current physiotherapist practitioners.
A Dynamic Optimal Scheduling Strategy for Multi-Charging Scenarios of Plug-in-Electric Vehicles Over a Smart Grid

Green transportation has become our top priority due to the depletion of the earth’s natural resources and rising pollutant emission levels. Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are seen as a solution to the problem because they are more cost and environment friendly. Due to rapid industrialization and government incentives for zero-emission transportation, a significant challenge is also constituted in power grids by the self-interested nature of PEVs, with the asymmetry of information between the charging power demand and supply sides. In this paper, we propose an optimal strategy in industrial energy management system, based on evolutionary computing, to characterize different charging situations. The proposed approach considers stochastic, off-peak, peak, and electric power research institute charging scenarios for attaining the vehicle-to-grid capacity in terms of optimal cost and demand. An extensive scheduling of charging cases is studied in order to avoid power outages or scenarios in which there is a significant supply-demand mismatch. Furthermore, the proposed scheme model also reduces the greenhouse gases emission from generation side to build a sustainable generation infrastructure, which maximizes the utility of fuel-based energy production in the presence of certain nonlinear constraints. The simulation analysis demonstrates that PEVs can be charged and discharged in a systematic manner. The participation of transferable load through the proposed methodology can significantly reduce the economic costs, pollutant impacts, efficiency, and security of power grid operation.