Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Big Five Personality Factor in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Individuals

Background and purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic diseases of the nervous system in which the myelin nerve fiber in the brain and spinal cord is destroyed and the causes are still unclear. MS could result in progressive disabilities in young adults with different symptoms and incidence rate. This research aimed at comparing the big five personality factor in MS patients and healthy individuals. Materials and methods: This research was a case-control study which was conducted in east of Mazandaran. The research population included 191 patients with multiple sclerosis and 191 healthy individuals who were the patients' companions with similar age, sex, marital status and education level with the first group. Personal questionnaire and NEO Personality Inventory-Revised were used and the data was analyzed by independent t-test. Results: The mean of neuroticism personality factor in patients and healthy subjects was 30.81 and 24.12, respectively (P= 0.001). Their means in conscientiousness were 30.9 and 35.93, respectively (P= 0.001). Conclusion: This study revealed that patients suffering from MS had a higher score in neuroticism personality factor and a lower score in conscientiousness compared with healthy subjects.
Allozyme variation in Paraixeris: a test for the diploid hybrid origin of Paraixeris koidzumiana (Compositae)

Variation in isozyme patterns of four Korean Paraixeris species was used to test the hypothesis that P. koidzumiana is a hybrid derivative of P. chelidoniifolia and P. denticulata, or alternatively, of the progenitor P. chelidoniifolia-P. sonchifolia pair. Eleven loci from eight enzymes were examined for 29 populations of P. koidzumiana, P. denticulata, P. chelidoniifolia, and P. sonchifolia. Although recent RAPD and morphological data supported the hybrid origin of P. koidzumiana, isozyme evidence did not. No evidence of additivity was found in P. koidzumiana at the loci that significantly differentiate P. sonchifolia from other species. In addition, P. koidzumiana populations did not combine the marker alleles differentiating P. denticulata from P. chelidoniifolia. Recent divergence between P. koidzumiana and P. chelidoniifolia is strongly supported by the high genetic identity value and sharing of the same high frequency alleles at most loci. Our isozyme data largely support a conclusion that the unidentified individuals found in species sympatry are hybrid derivatives.
THE EVOLUTIONARY INTERACTION AMONG SPECIES: Selection, Escalation, and Coevolution

The hypothesis of escalation states that enemies-competitors, predators, and dangerous prey-are the most important agents of natural selection among individual organisms, and that enemy-related adaptation and responses brought about long-term evolutionary trends in the morphology, behavior, and distribution of organisms over the course of the Phanerozoic. In contrast to this top-down view of the role of organisms in determining the directions of evolution, the hypothesis of coevolution holds that two interacting species or groups of species change in response to each other. I review and evaluate these hypotheses in the light of criticisms about the existence of evolutionary trends and the role of interactions of species in evolution. Models describing the evolutionary effects organisms have on each other have been based largely on population dynamics and on cost-benefit analyses of the net outcome of interactions between species. Yet, the hypotheses of escalation and coevolution are statements about the nature, frequency, causes, and role of selection. Although these models have provided valuable insights and have forced some modifications in the hypotheses of escalation, studies seeking to distinguish between escalation and coevolution will require empirical observations and cost-benefit evaluations of the discrete events of interaction that collectively constitute organism-caused selection.
Comparative Study Between Lumbar Epidural Versus Transversus Abdominis Plane Block For Postoperative Analgesia After Lower Abdominal Surgeries

Background: Postoperative pain is a potent cause of adverse effects in many organ systems thus anterior abdominal wall analgesia after abdominal surgery may assist in improving postoperative outcome. The analgesic regimen needs to meet the goals of providing safe, effective analgesia, with minimal side effects for the patient, together with inhibition of trauma -induced nociceptive impulses. Aim of the work: to compare the analgesic efficacy of transversus abdominis plane block with lumber epidural analgesia for postoperative pain relief following lower abdominal surgeries. Patients and methods: The present study was carried out at Al-Azhar University Hospitals (Al-Hussien and SayedGalal) after institutional ethics and informed consent. 90 adult patients were randomized into three groups (30 patients in each group): Lumbar epidural group, Transversus abdominis plane block group and A Control group. Results: As regards postoperative hemodynamic data, higher readings appeared within the control group, while the epidural group and TAP group showed lower readings with no statically difference among the three groups, except at the first 10 minutes and 20 minutes time periods after starting the epidural analgesia and application of the TAP block. As regard pain scoring using the visual analog scale (VAS), the results showed no statically difference among the three groups with (P>0.05), except at the first 10 minutes and 20 minutes time periods after starting the epidural analgesia and application of the TAP block, highest readings were realized among the control group at these two time periods in comparison with the other two groups with P 30 kg/m2.
How Warm Was the Medieval Warm Period?

Abstract A frequent conclusion based on study of individual records from the so-called Medieval Warm Period (∼1000-1300 A.D.) is that the present warmth of the 20 th century is not unusual and therefore cannot be taken as an indication of forced climate change from greenhouse gas emissions. This conclusion is not supported by published composites of Northern Hemisphere climate change, but the conclusions of such syntheses are often either ignored or challenged. In this paper, we revisit the controversy by incorporating additional time series not used in earlier hemispheric compilations. Another difference is that the present reconstruction uses records that are only 900–1000 years long, thereby, avoiding the potential problem of uncertainties introduced by using different numbers of records at different times. Despite clear evidence for Medieval warmth greater than present in some individual records, the new hemispheric composite supports the principal conclusion of earlier hemispheric reconstructions and, furthermore, indicates that maximum Medieval warmth was restricted to two-three 20–30 year intervals, with composite values during these times being only comparable to the mid-20 th century warm time interval. Failure to substantiate hemispheric warmth greater than the present consistently occurs in composites because there are significant offsets in timing of warmth in different regions; ignoring these offsets can lead to serious errors concerning inferences about the magnitude of Medieval warmth and its relevance to interpretation of late 20 th century warming.
Optimum time to assess complete clinical response (CR) following chemoradiation (CRT) using mitomycin (MMC) or cisplatin (CisP), with or without maintenance CisP/5FU in squamous cell carcinoma of the anus: Results of ACT II.

4004 Background: In the ACT I trial, relapse-free survival was improved with CRT compared to RT alone, but the CR rate at 6 weeks was similar (39% CRT, 30% RT alone; p=0.08). Most studies assessed CR between 6 and 12 weeks following completion of CRT. We investigated the association between observation of CR at 3 different time-points and progression-free and overall survival (PFS, OS), to determine the optimal time to assess this early endpoint. Methods: ACT II recruited 940 pts between 2001 and 2008. It compared, in a factorial design, CisP versus MMC when combined with 5-FU CRT, and two cycles of maintenance chemotherapy versus no maintenance. CR (complete absence of tumour and node negative) was assessed by rectal exam or imaging at 11, 18 and mandated CT at 26 weeks after the start of CRT. Median follow-up was 5 years. Pts were excluded from analysis if assessment was not done/ missing at one or more time points (n=245). Data from 695 pts were analysed. Results: Pt characteristics (all 940) median ag.
Effect of putrescine, GA3, 2, 4-D, and calcium on delaying peel senescence and extending harvest season of navel orange

The present study was conducted in 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 seasons in order to extend harvest season and maintain fruit quality for better marketability of Washington navel oranges growing in clay soil by preharvest foliar sprays of GA3, 2,4-D, putrescine and calcium either alone or in combinations. Fruits were harvested on two different harvest dates, the fi rst was at the estimated commercial harvest date (middle December), and the second was late in the harvest season (during February). At both harvesting dates, all spray treatments delayed fruit softening, peel ageing and fruit color break and decreased creasing and fruit drop. Also, fruit TSS, sugars and vitamin C contents increased. The treatments had positive infl uence on extending harvest season without any deterioration in fruit characteristics. Spraying the different substances in combinations gave better results, especially with putrescine.
Avoiding the use of plant growth regulator in geranium production by application of a cyclic deficit irrigation strategy

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are commonly used in ornamental plant production to improve the decorative value of the plants and to meet marketable targets. The PGRs mostly used in ornamental plant culture are chemical growth retardants that control the size of plants, improve compactness and enhance fl owering. However, the use of PGRs has been restricted under current legislation, and modifi ed culture practices should be implemented to produce the desired quality of plants. Ornamental plant quality traits are determined by the genetic background of the plant and environmental conditions such as water availability. In the present study, the responses of growth and fl ower production in geranium (Pelargonium peltatum L.) subjected to cyclic defi cit irrigation (CDI) were characterized to evaluate the technique as an alternative to the application of a plant growth regulator (daminozide). The leaf water potential of plants under CDI was lower than in control and PGR-treated plants. Moreover, the aerial dry mass, stem dry mass, leaf number, leaf blade area, specifi c leaf area and stem number of plants under CDI and PGR-treated plants were similar. However, the percentage of plants with at least one opened fl ower and the number of infl orescences per plant were increased by CDI. The marketable quality of the plants subjected to CDI was higher than that of the PGR-treated plants. Moreover, the water use effi ciency of plants under CDI was 21% higher than that of PGR-treated plants, leading to a 10% reduction in the total water consumption during production.
A clinical test and application research of IMRT dose verification system based on patient' s anatomical structure and on-line dosimetry

Objective To test a three-dimensional dose verification system,which reconstructing dose to anatomy based on modeling and online measurements ( RDBMOM ),and to evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of its application in clinical intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) quality assurance.Methods Phantom plans of regular and irregular fields were selected for the testing.All test plans were implemented and the dose distributions were measured using the thimble ion-chamber and two-dimensional ion-chamber array,the accuracy of RDBMOM were then evaluated by comparing the corresponding results.Two practical treated nasopharyngeal carcinoma IMRT plans were verified with RDBMOM and the clinic significancy were valued.Results Compared with measurements of the thimble ion-chamber,deviations of RDBMOM were within 1％ in all tested cases except small field of 3 cm ×3 cm.The largest deviation of reconstructed dose in IMRT cases was 2.12％. The dose profile reconstructed by RDBMOM coincided with the measurement using two-dimensional ion-chamber array.The γ rates (3％/3 mm) were 94.56％ - 100％. The RDBMOM verification of IMRT cases shown that the γ rate ＞ 99％ in total and ＞ 98％ in planning target volume,deviation in D95 ＜0.4％,but the largest deviations in mean dose of the parotids and lens were 2.97％ and 59.58％ respectively.Conclusions Accuracy of the tested system satisfies the demand of IMRT dose verification.RDBMOM is able to provide information of volumetric dosimctry and anatomical location of dose error,which is benefit for evaluating the clinical value of verification results. Key words: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy; Quality assurance; Three-dimensional dose verification; Dosimetry,on-line
Dissociative Recombination of H3+ Ions with Electrons: Theory and Experiment

Four decades of experimental and theoretical studies of the dissociative recombination of the seemingly “simple” H3 þ ions with electrons have often given strongly disagreeing results. The literature on the subject abounds in terms like enigma and puzzles, and several authors have asked if the “saga” is finally approaching a satisfactory ending. Fortunately, recent progress in theory and experiment has greatly reduced many of the apparent contradictions. In this review, we attempt to reconcile the remaining discrepancies, in particular those between beam experiments and those employing plasma afterglow techniques. We conclude that there are no true contradictions between those results if one examines the conditions under which the data were taken and includes effects arising from third-body-assisted recombination. The best available theoretical treatments of purely binary recombination now agree rather well with stateof-the-art ion-storage ring results, but we think that further refinements in the complex theoretical calculations are required before it can be said that the mechanism of the recombination is understood in all details and that the “saga” has truly come to an end.
Endorsement and visual complexity in food advertising on Instagram

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the differences in consumer pleasure, arousal and purchase intention when consumers encounter food advertising on Instagram using different endorsers and visual complexity levels. Design/methodology/approach An experimental design was conducted involving 180 undergraduate students from several universities in Surabaya, Indonesia. The participants had actively used Instagram for at least one year. Findings Food ads endorsed by a celebrity generate more pleasure and arousal than those endorsed by food experts. Food advertising using high levels of visual complexity cues generates more pleasure and arousal than less complex advertising. However, less complex food ads using food experts create greater pleasure than those endorsed by celebrities. Consumer pleasure and arousal were significant mediators of the impact of endorser type and visual complexity on consumer purchase intentions. Practical implications As celebrities and higher levels of visual complexity result in more favorable responses to Instagram ads, food marketers need to consider increasing visual complexity when using celebrities in advertising by adding more objects, using more colors, objects, or textures and incorporating asymmetric elements in the advertisements. Originality/value This is one of the few studies comparing the effectiveness of celebrity and expert endorsers in Instagram advertising. Also, this research extends the existing knowledge about visual complexity in the context of social media advertising.
Effect of Dietary Vitamin A on Egg Yolk Retinol and Tocopherol Levels

Abstract Vitamin A deficiency is a serious public health problem in developing countries, and it causes death or blindness among children in these countries. Fortification of food, such as eggs, could be an important source of vitamins to control deficiency. To evaluate the effect of dietary levels of vitamin A upon reproductive performance, egg quality, and egg yolk retinol and tocopherol concentrations, laying hens were fed a basal diet (commercial ration) supplemented with increased retinyl acetate. It was observed that hen performance was not significantly affected by addition of vitamin A. Progressive increase in the incorporation of retinol into egg yolk was verified when vitamin A was supplemented to the basal diet; the percentage of increment reached 50.6% with 25,000 IU of dietary retinyl acetate/kg. Egg yolk retinol content increased linearly as dietary vitamin A increased. However, significant decreases in the egg yolk tocopherol concentrations showed an adverse effect of vitamin A supplementation. The nutritional value of eggs, related to vitamin A, can be improved by dietary manipulation of hen diets.
Nutrient dynamics across the river‐sea interface in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary—East China Sea region

A total of 13 cruises were performed in different seasons between July 2010 and July 2012, and in various subsystems of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea (ECS). Multiple vessels were deployed to conduct transect sampling, simultaneous and consecutive sampling, sampling with buoys, and sampling during phytoplankton bloom events, which allowed us to track detached patches of water masses and to collect discrete and time‐series samples in different patches. We found that the river‐derived nutrients from the Changjiang could be transported through the western ECS and reach as far as the northeastern ECS during summer, but in the form of isolated patches rather than continuous plumes. The concentrations of NO3−, SiO32−, and PO43− decreased with increasing seaward distance of these patches, showing largely nonconservative mixing behavior and the ECS being a sink for nutrients. During winter, conversely, all nutrient species showed mostly conservative behavior, with correlative coefficients (R2) even reaching > 0.97 in the salinity‐nutrient correlations for both NO3− and SiO32− during the western ECS cruise in February 2012 and during the Changjiang mouth cruise in March 2012. In addition, a large variability in nutrient concentrations was observed within the Changjiang freshwaters and could be partly attributed to inputs from local tributaries. This study highlights the importance of simultaneous field sampling with multiple vessels for investigating the biogeochemical behavior of nutrients in highly dynamic ocean margin areas such as the Changjiang Estuary‐ECS region.
Relationship of microbial diversity from recycled injection water and high-temperature petroleum reservoirs analyzed by polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE)

The microbial communities and diversities in production water from three high-temperature, water-flooded petroleum reservoirs in the same injection area of the Chenghai area of Dagang oil field in China and their recycled injection water sample were characterized by polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis. Results show that microbial sequences mainly belonged to the divisions Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes,Firmicutes and Euryarchaeota. Many mesophilic and thermophilic microorganisms were found in samples of produced water and injection water. Thermoanaerobcter,Desulfotomaculum, Methanolinea, Methanomethylovorans and Geoglobus were detected in all samples. Mesophilic microorganisms found in the samples of produced water, mainly belonged to Brevundimonas, Agrobacterium,Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Acinetobacte, Dechloromonas, Clostridium andMethanobacterium. All of them were detected in the injection water samples, exceptBrevundimonas and Methanobacterium, which indicates that injection exploration may be the main reason why mesophilic bacteria was detected in high-temperature petroleum reservoirs of Dagang. Results suggest that reinjection of water not only introduces enormous mesophilic microbe into high-temperature petroleum reservoirs, but also cause thermophilic microorganisms cross-contamination among wells in the same injection area. Key words: Petroleum reservoir, recycled injection water, DGGE, microbial community, cross-contamination.
High evolutionary rates and the origin of the Rosso Ammonitico Veronese Formation (Middle-Upper Jurassic of Italy) reptiles

Abstract The fossil record of metriorhynchids and plesiosaurians from the Rosso Ammonitico Veronese Formation (RAVFm, Middle–Upper Jurassic, Italy) is represented by elements collected between the eighteenth and twentieth centuries. All the metriorhynchid material is referred to the genus Neptunidraco. The first RAVFm plesiosaurian material was collected in the nineteenth century and referred to Plesiosaurus: elements are here described and interpreted as a chimerical association of crocodylomorph and plesiosaurian bones, providing the first co-occurrence of these clades in the RAVFm. The second plesiosaurian is the associated skeleton that we refer to Anguanax zignoi gen. et sp. nov. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis confirms the basal geosaurine affinities of Neptunidraco resulted by parsimony analysis. Using both methods, Anguanax was recovered as a basal pliosaurid, sister group of the clade including Marmornectes and Thalassophonea. Bayesian inference methods indicate that both Italian lineages diverged from other known lineages between 176 and 171 Mya, also showing divergence rates significantly higher than any other representative of their respective clades. We suggest a phase of rapid evolutionary adaptation to deeper marine environments in the ancestors of the Rosso Ammonitico Veronese reptiles as a response to the latest Liassic regressive regime in Northern Tethys.
Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: 2018 Practice Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases

and Scope This guidance provides a data-supported approach to the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A guidance document is different from a guideline. Guidelines are developed by a multidisciplinary panel of experts who rate the quality (level) of the evidence and the strength of each recommendation using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system (GRADE). A guidance document is developed by a panel of experts in the topic, and guidance statements, not recommendations, are put forward to help clinicians understand and implement the most recent evidence. which The focused and treatment of HCC. However, some areas of HCC lacked sufficient data to perform systematic reviews, and here the authors will the 2010 American Association the Study of Diseases Guidelines, hereto referred as the guidance for HCC. biopsy has a risk of bleeding, tumor seeding, and the pos-sibility that a negative biopsy is attributed to the failure to obtain tissue representative of the nodule rather than a truly benign nodule. first-line of subjects carcinoma