Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Valuable Insight Impact of Pharmacist in Pharmacogenomics

DOI: 10.21276/sajp.2017. 6.12. 8 Abstract: Pharmacogenomics is the study of genetic variations that influence individual response to drugs. Knowing whether a patient carries any of these genetic variations can help prescribers individualize drug therapy, decrease the chance for adverse drug events and increase the effectiveness of drugs. Pharmacist must be aware with the new technologies so as to take advantage of these new opportunities for the benefit of patients. Pharmacist must further develop a process to effectively deliver pharmacogenomics services to individual patients that are aligned with medication therapy management (MTM) service delivery, develop a viable business model for these practices and encourage the development of health information technology solutions that support the pharmacist‘s role in this emerging field. The purpose of article is to highlight the recent development in pharmacogenetics in which pharmacists may play a vital role in the context of pharmacogenetics study approaches and factors to consider when applying pharmacogenetics discoveries to patient care.
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Bacterial Uropathogens Isolated from Dogs and Cats

Bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common diagnosis in companion animal practice and is one of the leading reasons for antimicrobial prescriptions. We analysed 1862 samples from the urinary tract of dogs and cats, submitted to a veterinary microbiological diagnostic laboratory in 2019 and 2020 in Germany. Susceptibility of 962 uropathogenic isolates to 15 antimicrobials, suggested as first- and second-line treatment options for UTI, was determined according to CLSI recommendations. Bacterial growth of uropathogens was detected in 43.9% of dog and in 38.5% of cat samples. Escherichia (E.) coli was the most frequently isolated pathogen (48.4%), followed by Enterococcus spp. (11.9%) and coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS; 11.5%). Females were more likely to exhibit a positive microbiological culture. Regarding first-line antibiotics, 93.4% of the most commonly isolated uropathogenic species were susceptible to the first-line antibiotics amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC) and 87.6% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT), while 76.1% showed decreased susceptibility to ampicillin (AMP). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 11.9% of E. coli, 50.4% of enterococci, and 42.7% of CoPS; 90.6% of these isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin (NIT). Our data indicate that empiric treatment of UTI with AMC or SXT could be recommended and is preferable to treatment with AMX. NIT should be considered for the treatment of MDR uropathogens.
Returning for skill or popularity? The demand for esports match replay

PurposeAmong scholarly analyses of sport demand, few have considered the demand for match replays despite replays' indispensable role in sport broadcasts. Different from live matches, viewers of match replays generally have access to match outcomes. Outcome uncertainty is thus less relevant in attracting viewers. This paper addresses this research gap by analyzing the demand for replays of competitive esports matches.Design/methodology/approachWe collected match replay data for two competitive esports leagues, CrossFire Pro League and King Pro League, from two Chinese esports online platforms, Douyu.com and Huya.com. Drawing on two economic theories of superstar effects—a skilled-based theory and a popularity-based theory, we performed regression analyses and dominance analyses to examine the demand for esports match replays.FindingsOur results indicated skill to be more important in the demand for tactical games while non-skill-popularity is more instrumental in attracting viewers to replays of leisurely games. The platform with knowledge-sharing features also exhibited a stronger skill impact for tactical games.Originality/valueFindings contribute to the understanding of sport match replays and offer implications for esports organizers and broadcasters to market games effectively.
Finite element simulations of mechanical behaviour and degradation of iron lattices

Biodegradable metals such as iron have become appealing for usage in temporary bone implants. Although iron possesses excellent properties of biocompatibility, it shows a very slow degradation rate and presents a higher stiffness and strength when compared to human bone. Several strategies can be applied to decrease the strength of the iron, one of them being the use of porous/cellular structures. The present work aims to study the mechanical properties and the degradation behaviour of porous iron with cellular structures composed of lattice struts. Six lattice geometries, which were previously studied, and inspired by crystalline structures, were designed. The mechanical behaviour of the lattice arrangements was studied numerically using the finite element software NX Nastran. The corrosion module of the finite element software COMSOL was used to simulate the degradation behaviour of the cellular structure immersed in simulated body fluid. After the degradation process, the compressive properties of the porous cellular structures were also assessed. Under compression, the iron lattice structures showed an elastic limit stress close to the values determined for the trabecular bone yield stress. Geometries selected to simulate degradation have shown mass loss percentage and corrosion rates close to the degradation rate established for an ideal bone substitute. The present study confirms that the structural arrangement has a strong influence on the mechanical properties of iron cellular structures. The degradation behaviour of iron lattices also appears to be affected by the unit cell topology.
Persistent depressive symptoms are associated with frontal regional atrophy in patients with Alzheimer's disease

Depression in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is common, difficult to treat and inadequately understood. Previous studies have identified possible differences in regional brain atrophy in individuals with AD and depression, but the results have been inconsistent and some studies had less robust definitions of depression. We aimed to examine regional brain atrophy in two large dementia focused cohorts.
Multiphase equation of state and elastic moduli of solid beryllium from first principles

Based on ab initio calculations, we provide a consistent modeling in pressure and temperature of the solid phases of beryllium, including theoretical phase diagram, multiphase equation of state (EOS), and elastic moduli. The quasiharmonic approximation (QHA) allows us to determine the whole theoretical phase diagram: at room temperature, QHA predicts the hexagonal compact $(\ensuremath{\alpha}\text{-hcp})$ phase as the most stable structure up to 400 GPa, where a transition toward the body-centered-cubic $(\ensuremath{\beta}\text{-bcc})$ phase occurs. However, the QHA does not account for the low-pressure-high-temperature bcc phase found experimentally. Combining frozen phonon and density-functional perturbation theory methods, we show that soft phonon modes as reservoirs of entropy may stabilize the low-pressure bcc phase. However the thermodynamic stability of this phase has still to be established. We provide the QHA multiphase EOS in analytic form and an evaluation of the uncertainties on the QHA solid-solid and solid-liquid phase boundaries. Then, we calculate the density and temperature dependence of elastic constants by determining the free energies of strained structures. Consistency between the polycrystalline (i.e., averaged over the elastic constants) and the EOS isothermal bulk moduli is achieved for both phases. Our results are in fair agreement with the most recent experimental data and permit us to raise questions on some experimental moduli.
Dry Biases of Humidity Measurements from the Vaisala RS80-A and Meisei RS2-91 Radiosondes and from Ground-Based GPS

During the Tsukuba GPS (Global Positioning System) Dense Network Campaign Observations in the autumn of 2000, we performed 3 hourly upper air soundings using two types of radiosondes. One was the Meisei RS2-91, operational sonde of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) made by Meisei Electric Co. Ltd. with an independent thin-film capacitive sensor, and the other was Vaisala RS80-15G with A-type Humicap humidity sensor (RS80-A hereafter). It was found that the Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) measured by Vaisala RS80-A were clearly smaller (dry bias) by 3-4 mm (about 4-6%) than those by JMA RS2-91 and those analyzed from GPS observations. The dry bias error of Vaisala RS80-A was also confirmed with dual sonde balloon flights equipped with both Vaisala RS80-A and JMA RS2-91 instruments, and near simultaneous flights of two types of radiosondes. It was found that the dry bias error was reduced by the new tight protective cap for the humidity sensor, but substantial amount of dry bias error still remained. We further compared humidity measurements by the two radiosondes to a chilled-mirror dew-point hygrometer using a two-pressure type humidity calibration chamber. The experiment was conducted under room temperature conditions. It showed that relative humidity as measured by the Vaisala RS80- A was about 5 to 15% smaller than that of the dew-point hygrometer. The bias was larger in high humidity conditions. Although the dry bias of Vaisala RS80-A radiosondes has been pointed out in several other studies, the dry bias revealed in this study is much larger than previously reported, indicating that a problem still exists in RS80-A humidity measurements taken in moist air conditions such as Japan. The RS2-91 showed only small dry bias relative to the dew-point hygrometer (less than 4%). However, the Aerological Observatory of the JMA reported that they improved the RS2-91 humidity sensor since 1999 (Shibue et al. 2000). RS2-91 sondes manufactured before and in 1999 had a dry bias with the same order of magnitude as the Vaisala RS80-A. There have been several reports (e.g., Ohtani et al. 2000) that the PWV derived by GEONET (Japanese nationwide GPS array) and other campaign GPS observations agreed well with those by JMA or Vaisala radiosondes. The implication of the dry bias errors of the radiosonde to the previous GPS studies is that the past GPS analysis in Japan produced a drier atmosphere than actual conditions. It is recommended that the past GPS data, including the GEONET data, be reanalyzed using the most advanced GPS analysis methods.
Three-Dimensional Structure and Evolution of the Moisture Field in the MJO

AbstractThe large-scale circulation features that determine the structure and evolution of MJO-related moisture and precipitation fields are examined using a linear analysis protocol based on daily 850- minus 150-hPa global velocity potential data. The analysis is augmented by a compositing procedure that emphasizes the structural features over the Indo-Pacific warm pool sector (60°E–180°) that give rise to the eastward propagation of the enhanced moisture and precipitation.It is found that boundary layer (BL) convergence in the low-level easterlies to the east of the region of maximum ascent produces a deep but narrow plume of equatorial ascent that moistens the midtroposphere, while weakly diffluent flow above the BL spreads moisture away from the equator. Vertical advection of moisture from this plume of ascent accounts for the eastward propagation of the positive moisture anomalies across the Maritime Continent into the western Pacific. When the convection is first developing over the Indian Ocean, ho.
Sensitivity of Simulated Surface Fluxes to Changes in Land Surface Parameterizations-A Study Using ABRACOS Data

Abstract The simplified Simple Biosphere model (SSiB) has been validated using observed meteorological, turbulent flux, and vegetation property data from the Anglo-Brazilian Amazonian Climate Observation Study (ABRACOS) over a forest clearing site. The results show that SSiB is able to simulate the observed fluxes realistically. The differences between the simulated and observed latent and sensible heat fluxes are less than 10 W m−2. Compared to previous deforestation experiments, the new vegetation dataset produces significantly different latent heat fluxes and surface temperatures in off-line and general circulation model (GCM) simulation. Using the new dataset the GCM simulated surface temperature is about 2 K higher, and the simulated latent heat flux is about 25 W m−2 lower than that generated using a previous dataset. These differences can be expected to result in substantially different responses in rainfall and atmosphere circulation. The parameters that are most significant in producing such larg.
Efficacy and Safety of Inhalation of Nebulized Ethanol in COVID-19 Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Many efforts have been made and are currently being made to prevent and treat this global disease. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nebulized ethanol (EtOH) in treating COVID-19. Methods: A randomized clinical trial (RCT) of 99 symptomatic and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-positive patients admitted to a hospital receiving remdesivir-dexamethasone was conducted. They were randomly assigned to receive distilled water spray (control group (CG)) or 35% EtOH spray (intervention group (IG)). Both groups inhaled three puffs of spray (nebulizer) every six hours for a week. The primary outcome included Global Symptomatic Score (GSS) between the two groups at the first visit and on days three, seven, and 14. Secondary outcomes included the Clinical Status Scale (CSS; a seven-point ordinal scale ranging from death to complete recovery) and readmission rate. Results: A total of 44 and 55 patients were enrolled in the IG and CG, respectively. Although there was no difference at admission, the GSS and CSS improved significantly in the IG (p = 0.016 and p = 0.001, respectively). The IG readmission rate was considerably lower (0% vs. 10.9%; p = 0.02). Conclusions: Inhaled-nebulized EtOH is effective in rapidly improving the clinical status and reducing further treatment. Due to its low cost, availability, and absent/tolerable adverse events, it could be recommended as an adjunctive treatment for moderate COVID-19. Further research on curative effects in more serious cases and in prevention is advisable.
Instrumental goal activation increases online petition support across languages.

Research on processing fluency and instrumental goal activation suggests people often perceive complex information positively when effort in a task is valued. The current article evaluates this idea in five online petition samples (total N = 1,047,655 petitions and over 200 million words), assessing how the linguistic fluency of a petition associates with support. Consistent with prior work, petitions with lower rates of lexical fluency (fewer common words) associated with more signatures and an increased probability of petitions making a concrete change than those with higher rates of lexical fluency (more common words). Exploratory results suggest other forms of linguistic complexity also associated with petition support: petitions with more analytic writing (e.g., more formal and complex writing patterns) and with less structural fluency (less readable writing) received more signatures than those with less analytic writing and more structural fluency. Controlling for the political leaning of the petition writers as inferred by their language patterns revealed consistent effects. Crucially, the lexical fluency results were maintained across eight languages as well. Various types of linguistic complexity are therefore instrumental to get people to support online causes. Contributions to fluency theory and the psychology of giving are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Onset of Convection in a Layer of Fluid Cooled from Above

Experiments were performed in which a layer of water was cooled by evaporation from its top surface. The top surface temperature was measured using an infrared radiometer. The onset of manifest convective behavior was determined by visual observation of the motion of a thin layer of ink at the bottom of the water layer. Within the accuracy of the observations, the experiments show that at large Rayleigh numbers the time needed for the fluid to manifest convective behavior and the horizontal wavenumber of the disturbances amplified most at manifestation of convection are independent of the depth of the fluid layer.
Mission to planet Earth: Role of clouds and radiation in climate

The role of clouds in modifying the earth's radiation balance is well recognized as a key uncertainty in predicting any potential future climate change. This statement is true whether the climate change of interest is caused by changing emissions of greenhouse gases and sulfates, deforestation, ozone depletion, volcanic eruptions, or changes in the solar constant. This paper presents an overview of the role of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Earth Observing System (EOS) satellite data in understanding the role of clouds in the global climate system. The paper gives a brief summary of the cloud/radiation problem, and discusses the critical observations needed to support further investigations. The planned EOS data products are summarized, including the critical advances over current satellite cloud and radiation budget data. Key advances include simultaneous observation of radiation budget and cloud properties, additional information on cloud particle size and phase, improved detection .
The Relationship Between Visuoconstructive Abilities and Language Performance in Patients With Aphasia After Stroke

This study aimed to investigate the visuoconstructive abilities and the relationship between visuoconstructive function and language performance in aphasic patients. Right-handed 24 aphasic patients (males 14, females 10) with at least 3 months post-stroke and 32 age-matched healthy controls participated in this study. Visuoconstructive function was assessed by 3 levels of task difficulty: simple (drawing objects), intermediate (clock drawing), and complex (copy subtest of Rey complex figure test and block construction). Aphasic patients were divided into 3 sub-groups (mild, moderate to severe, and very severe group) according to severity of aphasia and compared with the control group, respectively. We analyzed the relation all levels of visuoconstructive tasks to aphasia quotient (AQ) and sub-domain scores of K-WAB. Moderate to severe aphasia group demonstrated no significant differences in scores of simple drawing objects compared to controls, but clock drawing, Rey complex figure copy and block design showed significantly decreased scores. Very severe group showed significantly lower scores in all levels of visuoconstructive tasks than the control. Correlation between all levels of visuoconstructive tasks except drawing objects and AQ were found to be statistically significant. Among the tasks, the clock drawing test revealed the highest correlation with language performance. Visuoconstructive abilities varied according to the severity of aphasia and the level of visuoconstructive tasks. Therefore, a thorough individual assessment of visuoconstructive function is needed to plan and predict the treatment and prognosis of aphasia and the clock drawing test may be a useful screening tool to evaluate this function.
Quantised Hall effect

A review of the quantised Hall effect is given. The author surveys experiments and theories on the normal and fractional quantum Hall effect including recent developments. As a background to the effect, which is a most remarkable manifestation of the Landau quantisation, the author starts with the description of the two-dimensional electron system in magnetic fields. As a closely related topic, the author also discusses the singular localisation of states specific to systems under the Landau quantisation in two dimensions. The determination of the fine-structure constant including the quantum Hall method is also briefly reviewed. In giving a self-contained account of the effect we emphasise the special features of the quantised Hall effect, which has an aspect of macroscopic quantum phenomenon on the one hand, and invokes, in the presence of electron-electron interactions, a new quantum liquid state on the other.
Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio as an Indicator of Diet Quality in Healthy Pregnant Women

This study aimed to investigate diet quality in healthy pregnant women based on the Na-to-K ratio from 24 h urine sample and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), to compare dietary micro- and macronutrient intake with current nutritional recommendations (RDA), and to investigate whether gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with Na-to-K ratio and diet quality during pregnancy in general. Sixty-four healthy pregnant women between 37 and 40 weeks of gestation participated in the study. Participants’ GWG, body composition, molar 24 h urine Na-to-K ratio, and FFQ data on average daily total energy, food groups, and micro-/macronutrient intake were obtained. A Na-to-K ratio of 2.68 (1.11–5.24) does not meet nutrition quality and is higher than the WHO recommendations due to excessive sodium and insufficient potassium intake. FFQ Na-to-K ratio was associated with a higher daily intake of soups, sauces, cereals, fats, and oils and a low intake of fruit and non-alcoholic beverages. A total of 49% of pregnant women exhibited excessive GWG, which was attributed to the increase in adipose tissue mass. GWG was not associated with total energy but may be the result of insufficient physical activity during pregnancy. Daily intake of vitamin D, vitamin E, folate, niacin, riboflavin, calcium, iron, and zinc was suboptimal compared to RDA.
A method for the calculation of the effective transport properties of suspensions of interacting particles

The early attempts at calculating effective transport properties of suspensions of interacting spherical particles resulted in non-absolutely convergent expressions. In this paper we provide a physical interpretation for these convergence difficulties and we present a new method of determining the effective transport properties which clarifies difficulties in existing methods. This method, which is described for simplicity in the context of the thermal conduction problem, is based on an expression that gives the temperature gradient ∇T at a point x in the matrix in terms of integrals over the surrounding particles and an integral over a large surface Γ which encloses x and which we term the ‘macroscopic boundary’. Without the integral over Γ, this expression for ∇T would be non-absolutely convergent, for the contribution to ∇T(x) from a distant particle is proportional to 1/r3, where r is the distance of the particle from x. On comparing the expression for ∇T with the formula used by Rayleigh (1892) in his investigation of the effective conductivity of a cubic array of spheres, we find that Rayleigh's convergence difficulties arose simply from an incorrect assessment of the macroscopic boundary integral. By combining the expression for ∇T(x) with a formula for the dipole strength of a sphere placed in an ambient temperature field, we obtain a convergent expression relating the dipole strength of a sphere to integrals over the surrounding particles. An expression for the effective conductivity of a random suspension of spheres correct to O(ϕ2) is obtained simply by averaging this expression for the thermal dipole strength. By a similar procedure we obtain expressions for the effective viscosity and effective elastic moduli correct to O(ϕ2). Most of these results have been obtained by earlier workers using a ‘renormalization’ procedure due to Batchelor; the method presented here has the advantage that the renormalization quantity arises naturally from the macroscopic boundary integral referred to earlier, so there is no uncertainty about its choice.