Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation on subcooled flow boiling heat transfer characteristics in ICE-like conditions

Abstract The increasing demand of cooling in internal combustion engine (ICE) may require the shift of heat removal method from traditional single phase liquid convection to subcooled flow boiling in order to fulfill the desired functional temperature. Thus, the characteristics of subcooled flow boiling heat transfer should be studied exclusively considering the practical conditions in ICEs. Accordingly, in this article, subcooled flow boiling experiments were conducted in a rectangular channel using 50/50 volume mixture of ethylene glycol and water coolant (EG/W) as working fluid. Aluminum and cast iron surfaces were selected as the heated surfaces to simulate the material of cylinder head in gasoline and diesel engines, respectively. Experimental results showed a trend that the aluminum surface had a better performance than the cast iron surface in terms of heat transfer coefficient in the boiling region. The difference between these two surfaces was concluded as results of different surface thermophysical properties. A modified wall heat flux model was proposed based on the power-type addition method. The proposed model modified the nucleation boiling contribution by introducing a new parameter which accounts for the influence of thermophysical properties of heated surface on the boiling process. Thus, one such modified model could be useful for practical engine cooling applications.
Effects of a Neuromuscular Warm-Up Program in Youth Female Soccer Players

Abstract The protective effects of different warm-up injury prevention routines in youth female soccer players have been demonstrated in the literature, however, there is a paucity of information regarding the effects that these kinds of programs have on soccer-specific physical performance variables. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a 12-week neuromuscular warm-up program on physical performance in youth female soccer players. Players (age: 13.94 ± 0.82 years) were divided into two groups. One group performed a neuromuscular activation program (n = 21) twice per week whereas the other group (control, n = 17) continued with their habitual warm-up routine for the same duration. Both groups of players performed strength, jumping and balance tests before and after the intervention period. Substantially greater improvements were detected in the mean velocity for the squat (p < 0.001; Effect Size = 0.95) and the hip thrust (p < 0.001; Effect Size = 0.51) in the experimental group in comparison to the control group. In addition, after the intervention period players in the experimental group showed an increase in the jumping height in the unloaded double-leg and single-leg counter-movement jumps (p = 0.003-0.012; Effect Size = 0.42-0.46). The results of this study provide evidence that a 12-week neuromuscular warm-up program can be effective to improve different physical performance variables in youth female soccer players.
Artificial intelligence based optical performance monitoring

Abstract In this paper, a technique for optical performance monitoring (OPM) using deep learning-based artificial neural network (ANN) is implemented. ANN is trained with parameters derived from eye-diagram for the identification of optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR), chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarisation mode dispersion (PMD) simultaneously and independently in a 10 Gb/s system with non-return-to-zero (NRZ) on-off keying (OOK) data signal. ANN-based OPM confirms that the proposed approach can provide reliable estimated results. The mean squared errors for OSNR, CD and differential group delay (DGD) are found to be 4.6071 dB, 0.0417 ps/nm/km and 0.0016 ps/km, respectively. The proposed technique may be utilized in analyzing the signals of future heterogeneous optical communication networks intelligently.
Sorption dynamics of Direct Orange 26 dye onto a corncob plant sorbent

Abstract The azo dye and plant-derived sorbent system was investigated in this paper. Direct Orange 26 azo dye was acquired from Boruta-Zachem Kolor Sp. z o.o. Chemically modified granulated corncobs obtained from Chipsi Mais Germany were used as the biosorbent. The changes in the dye and sorbent concentrations with time were measured and used for further calculations. The experiments were carried out in a laboratory fixed bed column. Breakthrough curves were plotted for different initial concentrations, volumetric flow rates and bed heights. Sorption dynamics was described by a model presented in the literature. It was demonstrated that Infrared analysis of the system allows to determine the nature of the dye-sorbent bond. It was found that corncobs can be used as a promising sorbent material.
Prediction of Match Outcomes with Multivariate Statistical Methods for the Group Stage in the UEFA Champions League

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyse the win, draw, and loss outcomes of soccer matches with situational variables and performance indicators. Data from group stage matches spanning the ten years between the 2010/2011 and 2019/2020 seasons in the European Champions League, were used. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD (honestly significant difference) tests indicated performance indicators which affected the outcome of matches. K-mean clustering, with statistically significant variables, categorized the quality of the opposition into three clusters: weak, balanced, and strong. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) and decision tree analysis were applied to each of these clusters, highlighting that performance indicators of the teams differed according to the quality of their opponent. Furthermore, according to the decision tree analysis, certain performance indicators, including scoring first and shots on target, increased the chances of winning regardless of the quality of the opposition. Finally, particular performance indicators increased the chance of winning, while others decreased this, in accordance with the quality of the opposition. These findings can help coaches develop different strategies, before or during the match, based on the quality of opponents, situational variables, and performance indicators.
Fruit Ripening inVitis viniferaL.: Responses to Seasonal Water Deficits

The response of fruit ripening to vine water status was investigated in a hillside Cabernet franc vineyard in the North Coast region of California. Treatments were imposed by drip irrigation at 2 x the standard practice rate (continual) to maintain high water status, by withholding water before (early deficit) or after (late deficit) veraison, or by withholding water throughout most of the season (full deficit). Midday leaf water potential of continual vines decreased from approximately-0.3 MPa before bloom to -1.13 MPa at veraison and to -1.32 MPa at harvest. Leaf water potentials of early deficit and late deficit vines were approximately 0.3 MPa more negative than continual vines at veraison and harvest, respectively. After veraison, water status of early deficit vines recovered to the level of continual vines. These moderate differences in water status at different phenological stages altered fruit composition at harvest. The concentrations of phenolics in juice and dermal extracts and of anthocyanins in dermal extracts were increased by all treatments which withheld water. Malate concentrations were significantly lower in treatments which imposed low vine water status before veraison. Low vine water status after veraison increased proline concentration significantly. There were no treatment effects on the onset of veraison, the duration of ripening, juice pH, or potassium levels, and little difference in °Brix or titratable acidity. Thus, irrigation to obtain seasonal water deficits may offer a cultural control of winegrape composition without significant effects on the time required to reach maturity.
Methoxypyrazines in Sauvignon blanc Grapes and Wines

Three methoxypyrazines were identified and quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in wine and juice samples of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sauvignon blanc. Twenty-two wines of Australian, New Zealand, and French origin were analyzed together with 16 juice samples from four Australian regions. 2-Methoxy-3-(2-methylpropyl)pyrazine was present in all wines (0.6 - 38.1 ng/L) and all juice samples (0.6 - 78.5 ng/L); it was invariably the major methoxypyrazine. 2-Methoxy-3-(1-methylethyl)pyrazine was found in 11 wines (0.9 - 5.6 ng/L) and almost all juice samples (0.2 - 6.8 ng/L). In three wines and some juice samples, small quantities of 2-methoxy-3-(1-methylpropyl)pyrazine were found (typically 0.1 - 1.0 ng/L). Methoxypyrazine levels in the New Zealand wines were significantly higher than in the Australian wines (p
Increasing Students’ Reading Comprehension Through Gamification Based on Balinese Local Stories

—Industrial revolution 4.0 has transformed today’s classroom. The demands of implementing innovative teaching media are needed. This research aims at increasing students’ reading comprehension through gamification based on Balinese local stories. We implement Quasi-experimental research with one group pre-test post-test design in this research. The sample was 31 fifth grade students of elementary school 5 Kampung Baru in academic year 2019/2020. Two instruments were implemented in this study, that is, treatment instrument and pretest posttest instrument. The treatment instrument was gamification based on Balinese local stories, while the pretest and posttest instrument were in the form of objective questions for reading comprehension. The result showed that gamification based on Balinese local stories was able to increase students’ reading comprehension. Gamification based on Balinese local stories as teaching media are suggested to be used as teaching media in teaching reading comprehension.
SHAPER: A Web Server for Fast and Accurate SHAPE Reactivity Prediction

Selective 2′-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE) chemical probing serves as a convenient and efficient experiment technique for providing information about RNA local flexibility. The local structural information contained in SHAPE reactivity data can be used as constraints in 2D/3D structure predictions. Here, we present SHAPE predictoR (SHAPER), a web server for fast and accurate SHAPE reactivity prediction. The main purpose of the SHAPER web server is to provide a portal that uses experimental SHAPE data to refine 2D/3D RNA structure selection. Input structures for the SHAPER server can be obtained through experimental or computational modeling. The SHAPER server can accept RNA structures with single or multiple conformations, and the predicted SHAPE profile and correlation with experimental SHAPE data (if provided) for each conformation can be freely downloaded through the web portal. The SHAPER web server is available at http://rna.physics. missouri.edu/shaper/.
Editorial: Consequences of Iodine Deficiency in Pregnancy

Iodine is an essential micronutrient for thyroid hormone synthesis. Adequate thyroid hormone is critical for normal fetal development. As the fetal thyroid gland does not mature until midgestation, the fetus depends solely on maternal thyroid hormone crossing the placenta during early stages of pregnancy (1). Maternal overt hypothyroidism is associated with adverse pregnancy and child developmental outcomes (2, 3). However, the effects of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism have been debated. In this Research Topic, Chen et al. explored potential associations between maternal thyroid function and birth outcomes in 8,985 Chinese mother-child pairs. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody levels were measured. Rates of cesarean section, preterm birth, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and low birth weight (LBW) were assessed. Children born to mothers with TSH > 4.0mIU/L had a two-fold higher risk of LBW compared to those born to mothers with TSH 0.1-2.5mIU/L, regardless of TPO antibody status. This finding is in line with previous studies showing adverse effects of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism on fetal growth (4). However, there were no significant associations between maternal subclinical hypothyroidism and risks of other birth outcomes, in contrast to the increased risk of preterm birth seen in several previous studies (5, 6). Conflicting reports regarding the effects of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism on pregnancy outcomes may be due to variability in timing of thyroid function measurements, iodine status of the study populations, and assessment of TPO antibody status among studies. Given the importance of adequate thyroid hormone, adequate maternal iodine nutrition is essential during pregnancy. There is an increased demand for iodine in pregnancy due to increased thyroid hormone production, increased urinary iodine losses, and transplacental transport of iodine for fetal thyroid hormone synthesis (7). Consequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a higher iodine intake of 250μg/day in pregnant women, compared to 150μg/day in non-pregnant adults (8). Despite global efforts to implement salt iodization by international organizations such as the Iodine Global Network (IGN), UNICEF, and WHO, iodine deficiency remains a leading cause of maternal hypothyroidism worldwide. Recent data from IGN showed that pregnant women had inadequate iodine status in 23 out of 34 countries assessed (9), and 35 million newborns are estimated to be unprotected from adverse consequences of iodine deficiency worldwide. In this Research Topic, Toloza et al. reviewed consequences of severe iodine deficiency in pregnancy. Maternal severe iodine deficiency is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage, stillbirth, neonatal mortality, and growth retardation. It also affects
Melatonin Relieves Ozone Stress in Grape Leaves by Inhibiting Ethylene Biosynthesis

Ozone (O3) stress severely affects the normal growth of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves. Melatonin (MT) plays a significant role in plant response to various abiotic stresses, but its role in O3 stress and related mechanisms are poorly understood. In order to understand the mechanism of MT in alleviate O3 stress in grape leaves, we perform a transcriptome analyses of grapes leaves under O3 stress with or without MT treatment. Transcriptome analysis showed that the processes of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling were clearly changed in “Cabernet Sauvignon” grapes under O3 and MT treatment. O3 stress induced the expression of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction, while MT treatment significantly inhibited the ethylene response mediated by O3 stress. Further experiments showed that both MT and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis) enhanced the photosynthetic and antioxidant capacities of grape leaves under O3 stress, while ethephon inhibited those capacities. The combined treatment effect of MT and ethylene inhibitor was similar to that of MT alone. Exogenous MT reduced ethylene production in grape leaves under O3 stress, while ethephon and ethylene inhibitors had little effect on the MT content of grape leaves after O3 stress. However, overexpression of VvACO2 (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase2) in grape leaves endogenously induced ethylene accumulation and aggravated O3 stress. Overexpression of the MT synthesis gene VvASMT1 (acetylserotonin methyltransferase1) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) alleviated O3 stress and reduced ethylene biosynthesis after O3 stress. In summary, MT can alleviate O3 stress in grape leaves by inhibiting ethylene biosynthesis.
Adipose Stromal Cell-Secretome Counteracts Profibrotic Signals From IPF Lung Matrices

Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fibrotic lung disease characterized by excess deposition and altered structure of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the lungs. The fibrotic ECM is paramount in directing resident cells toward a profibrotic phenotype. Collagens, an important part of the fibrotic ECM, have been shown to be structurally different in IPF. To further understand the disease to develop better treatments, the signals from the ECM that drive fibrosis need to be identified. Adipose tissue-derived stromal cell conditioned medium (ASC-CM) has demonstrated antifibrotic effects in animal studies but has not been tested in human samples yet. In this study, the collagen structural integrity in (fibrotic) lung tissue, its interactions with fibroblasts and effects of ASC-CM treatment hereon were studied. Methods: Native and decellularized lung tissue from patients with IPF and controls were stained for denatured collagen using a collagen hybridizing peptide. Primary lung fibroblasts were seeded into decellularized matrices from IPF and control subjects and cultured for 7 days in the presence or absence of ASC-CM. Reseeded matrices were fixed, stained and analyzed for total tissue deposition and specific protein expression. Results: In both native and decellularized lung tissue, more denatured collagen was observed in IPF tissue compared to control tissue. Upon recellularization with fibroblasts, the presence of denatured collagen was equalized in IPF and control matrices, whereas total ECM was higher in IPF matrices than in the control. Treatment with ASC-CM resulted in less ECM deposition, but did not alter the levels of denatured collagen. Discussion: Our data showed that ASC-CM can inhibit fibrotic ECM-induced profibrotic behavior of fibroblasts. This process was independent of collagen structural integrity. Our findings open up new avenues for ASC-CM to be explored as treatment for IPF.
Respiration Interacts With Photosynthesis Through the Acceptor Side of Photosystem I, Reflected in the Dark-to-Light Induction Kinetics of Chlorophyll Fluorescence in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

In cyanobacteria, the photosynthetic prokaryotes, direct interaction between photosynthesis and respiration exists at plastoquinone (PQ) pool, which is shared by the two electron transport chains. Another possible point of intersection of the two electron transport chains is NADPH, which is the major electron donor to the respiratory chain as well as the final product of the photosynthetic chain. Here, we showed that the redox state of NADPH in the dark affected chlorophyll fluorescence induction in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in a quantitative manner. Accumulation of the reduced NADPH in the dark due to the defect in type 1 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex in the respiratory chain resulted in the faster rise to the peak in the dark-to-light induction of chlorophyll fluorescence, while depletion of NADPH due to the defect in pentose phosphate pathway resulted in the delayed appearance of the initial peak in the induction kinetics. There was a strong correlation between the dark level of NADPH determined by its fluorescence and the peak position of the induction kinetics of chlorophyll fluorescence. These results indicate that photosynthesis interacts with respiration through NADPH, which enable us to monitor the redox condition of the acceptor side of photosystem I by simple measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence induction in cyanobacteria.
Exploring the Entrepreneurial Intention-Competency Model for Nascent Entrepreneurs: Insights From a Developing Country Context

Several previous scholars have investigated the relationship between entrepreneurial intention (EI) and entrepreneurial competencies (ECs), yet categorising individual ECs in relation to higher-order competence constructs has not been explored. Based on the previous literature studies, four higher-order constructs are identified, namely cognitive, functional, social/personal and meta-competence. Investigating which ECs are categorised according to the four higher-order constructs in this relationship with EI is important as it contributes to the development and training of these antecedents of entrepreneurial behaviour. Data are collected from 203 nascent entrepreneurs in South Africa and analysed by using structural equation modelling. In this developing country context, only two higher-order constructs, cognitive/functional competence and social/personal competence, fit the data in relationship with EI. The strongest positive relationships were found between the cognitive and functional higher-order construct, opportunity recognition and opportunity assessment, conveying a compelling vision and creative problem-solving. The cognitive and functional higher-order competence construct also showed a strong positive relationship with EI. To improve pedagogical interventions and enhance EI, educators and policymakers can use these findings in entrepreneurship programmes to ensure that this higher-order competence construct with the individual ECs in this category are developed simultaneously rather than individually. Research efforts and support programmes that include cognitive and functional higher-order competence constructs for nascent entrepreneurs should therefore not be neglected. Such efforts and programmes can encourage EI, which in turn can enhance entrepreneurial behaviour, thereby potentially contributes to economic growth and employment creation.
Deletion of ErbB4 Disrupts Synaptic Transmission and Long-Term Potentiation of Thalamic Input to Amygdalar Medial Paracapsular Intercalated Cells

Identification of candidate risk genes and alteration in the expression of proteins involved in regulating inhibitory neuron function in various psychiatric disorders, support the notion that GABAergic neuron dysfunction plays an important role in disease etiology. Genetic variations in neuregulin and its receptor kinase ErbB4, expressed exclusively by GABAergic neurons in the CNS, have been linked with schizophrenia. In the amygdala, ErbB4 is highly expressed in GABAergic intercalated cell clusters (ITCs), which play a critical role in amygdala-dependent behaviors. It is however unknown whether ErbB4 deletion from ITCs affects their synaptic properties and function in amygdala circuitry. Here, we examined the impact of ErbB4 deletion on inhibitory and excitatory circuits recruiting medial paracapsular ITCs (mpITCs) using electrophysiological techniques. Ablation of ErbB4 in mpITCs suppressed NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission at thalamo-mpITC synapses and enhanced thalamic driven GABAergic transmission onto mpITCs. Furthermore, long-term potentiation (LTP) at thalamo-mpITC synapses was compromised in ErbB4 mutant mice, indicating that ErbB4 activity is critical for LTP at these synapses. Together, our findings suggest that ErbB4 deletion from mpITCs disrupts excitation-inhibition balance and learning mechanisms in amygdala circuits.