Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of external factors on the reactivation of the heritage language of Turkish-German returnees

Introduction This study investigates the heritage language performance of Turkish-German returnees upon their reintegration into Turkey and explores the impact of external factors on their proficiency in the (re-)activated heritage language (HL). Methods Data collection involved the participation of 28 Turkish heritage speakers and a control group of 28 monolingual speakers. The language proficiency of both groups was assessed through a cloze test and an error correction task with a focus on converbial constructions, evidentiality and direct object case marking in Turkish. A sociolinguistic background questionnaire was used to obtain information about their language experiences. The study focused on understanding the individual and group differences in returnee’s heritage language performance. Additionally, random forest analysis was employed to investigate the relative influence of external factors on individual variability within the returnee group. Results and Discussion The analysis of results revealed notable group differences between the returnees and the control group, emphasizing the unique linguistic challenges faced by those who returned to Turkey. Within the returnee group, there was considerable individual variability in heritage language performance. The subsequent exploration of individual variation highlighted the significant role of external factors. Notably, the length of residence in Germany, the age at which participants returned to Turkey, and the frequency of Turkish language use in their migration context emerged as significant predictors of the returnee participants’ proficiency in their (re-)activated HL. Surprisingly, formal contact with the dominant German language did not exert a substantial impact on the returnees’ language proficiency, suggesting the nuanced influence of various external factors on heritage language development.
Effect of different varieties and spacing on growth and yield parameters of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica Plenck) under Pune conditions

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different varieties (Ganesh Broccoli and Pusa KTS-1) with five spacing (60x60cm, 60x45cm, 45x45cm, 60x30cm,45x30cm) in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications under Pune conditions. The data revealed that cv. GANESH BROCCOLI performed superior over the cv. PUSA KTS-1 with days to 50% harvest (53.4days), days to last harvest (68.4 days), curd diameter (10.81cm), average weight of curd (154.80 g) and yield per hectare (70.75q) while, cv. PUSA KTS -1 recorded significantly highest values for growth parameters. Amongst five spacing S 5 (45 x 30 cm)gave significantly minimum values of the various parameters under study except days to 50% harvest (64.5days), days to last harvest (79.33days) and yield per hectare (77.08q). However, S 1 (60 x 60 cm) gave significantly maximum values of various parameters except days to 50% harvest (59.83 days) and days to last harvest (74days). Interaction effect of different varieties and spacings was found non significant but numerically the interaction effect of V 1 S 1 was the best among the all treatment combination except yield per hectare.
Pseudo-Label Assisted nnU-Net enables automatic segmentation of 7T MRI from a single acquisition

Introduction Automatic whole brain and lesion segmentation at 7T presents challenges, primarily from bias fields, susceptibility artifacts including distortions, and registration errors. Here, we sought to use deep learning algorithms (D/L) to do both skull stripping and whole brain segmentation on multiple imaging contrasts generated in a single Magnetization Prepared 2 Rapid Acquisition Gradient Echoes (MP2RAGE) acquisition on participants clinically diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), bypassing registration errors. Methods Brain scans Segmentation from 3T and 7T scanners were analyzed with software packages such as FreeSurfer, Classification using Derivative-based Features (C-DEF), nnU-net, and a novel 3T-to-7T transfer learning method, Pseudo-Label Assisted nnU-Net (PLAn). 3T and 7T MRIs acquired within 9 months from 25 study participants with MS (Cohort 1) were used for training and optimizing. Eight MS patients (Cohort 2) scanned only at 7T, but with expert annotated lesion segmentation, was used to further validate the algorithm on a completely unseen dataset. Segmentation results were rated visually by experts in a blinded fashion and quantitatively using Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC). Results Of the methods explored here, nnU-Net and PLAn produced the best tissue segmentation at 7T for all tissue classes. In both quantitative and qualitative analysis, PLAn significantly outperformed nnU-Net (and other methods) in lesion detection in both cohorts. PLAn's lesion DSC improved by 16% compared to nnU-Net. Discussion Limited availability of labeled data makes transfer learning an attractive option, and pre-training a nnUNet model using readily obtained 3T pseudo-labels was shown to boost lesion detection capabilities at 7T.
Further Correlations between the Petrology and Natural Magnetic Polarity of Basalts

Summary A petrological examination has been made of palaeomagnetic basalt samples from Kinghorn, Scotland ; Cape Kawajiri, Japan ; and Western Iceland. The Kinghorn samples are of Carboniferous age. Previous palaeomagnetic field evidence and magnetic tests had suggested that the Earth’s magnetic field had reversed its polarity a few times during the time interval studied. However, there is a distinct petrological difference between specimens of opposite magnetic polarity, which suggests a possible self-reversal mechanism in the basalts. The field evidence and magnetic tests therefore lead to the opposite conclusion to that formed on the basis of petrological observations. The resolution of this dilemma is of considerable importance for the proper interpretation of palaeomagnetic results. Similar petrology-polarity correlations exist in Tertiary basalts from Cape Kawajiri, Japan. The Icelandic basalts show a slight trend towards the same correlation, although the statistics are not significant. 1. Previous palaeomagnetic work on the Kinghorn basalts
Linking organizational justice and knowledge sharing: An empirical investigation of SMEs in Vietnam

Purpose: The current study aims to investigate the mediating role of Perceived Organizational Support (POS) and Employee Satisfaction (ES) on the relationship between Organizational Justice (OJ) and Knowledge Sharing (KS) in Vietnamese Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). Design/Methodology/Approach: The framework and hypotheses were examined using SEM on SPSS and AMOS software to analyse the data after receiving 489 valid responses from 73 SMEs in Vietnam. Findings: Findings confirmed that OJ positively affects POS, ES and KS. POS and ES played a partly mediator role in the relationship between OJ and KS. Moreover, the relationship between POS and KS is mediated by ES. Conclusion: OJ is a crucial and persistent concern for individuals especially within modern organizations. It is one of the key factors shaping the behavior of individual employees. Furthermore, KS behavior is a significant driver of organizational competitiveness and growth. It predicts higher organizational performance, innovation capabilities and fosters a sense of enjoyment and happiness in aiding others. However, most studies have only examined the direct relationship between OJ and KS. Consequently, the methods by which leaders affect people continue to be unclear and mostly hypothetical. Thus, it becomes essential to analyze the empirical impact of OJ on KS by considering the intermediate influence of Perceived Organizational Support (POS) and Employee Satisfaction (ES). Practical Implications: This study provides knowledge about the reality of POS and ES and their mediating role in the relationship between OJ and KS which contributes to enriching the library overall and Vietnamese in particular in this subject. Contribution to the Literature: The mediating effect of POS and ES between OJ and KS is one of the initial topics to be addressed in this study focusing on SMEs.
Nutritional status of under-two years old children of depressive mothers presented to Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar.

Objective: Maternal mental health is an important factor for wellbeing of babies. The aim of present study was to determine the frequency of malnutrition among less than2-year-old children of depressed mother presented to HMC. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Psychiatry Unit, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. Period: July 2021 to February 2022. Material & Methods: A sample size 364 mothers were selected through random sampling technique. Data was collected on a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 24 for windows. Results: Mean age of mothers were 26±3 SD. Among 364 women, 130(35.72%) were normal, 125(34.34%) were having moderate depression and 109(29.94%) were having severe depression. Nutritional status of their children showed 88(24.18%) normal children, 152(41.75%) were moderate and 124(34.06%) were having severe malnutrition. Depression showed significant association with child nutrition. Conclusion: Depression in women is the major cause of malnutrition in first two year of child life. Effective strategies especially during postnatal period can help to alleviate the depression in women.
Serological Evidence and Coexposure of Selected Infections among Livestock Slaughtered at Eastern Cape Abattoirs in South Africa

Zoonotic infections were investigated in a cross-sectional study on asymptomatic livestock slaughtered in abattoirs in the Eastern Cape. Antibodies against Brucella spp. , Coxiella burnetii, Toxoplasma gondii, and the coexposure were investigated in sera using serological tests. A total of 565 animals comprising of 280 cattle, 200 sheep, and 85 pigs were screened using RBT, iELISA, CFT, and AMOS-PCR. The Mast® Toxoreagent test and iELISA were used for the detection of T. gondii and C. burnetii, respectively. The Brucella positivity based on at least two tests was 4.3% (12/280), 1.0% (2/200), and 0.0% (0/85) in cattle, sheep, and pigs, respectively. Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity of 37.90% (106/280), 1.50% (3/200), and 7.10% (6/85) was observed in cattle, sheep, and pigs, respectively. Coxiella burnetii seropositivity of 26.40% (74/280), 15.00% (30/200), and 2.40% (2/85) was observed in cattle, sheep, and pigs, respectively. Coexposure was detected in cattle for positivity against C. burnetii and T. gondii 40.54%, Brucella spp. and T. gondii 1.35%, and Brucella spp. and C. burnetii 4.05%. Coexposure for Brucella spp. , C. burnetii, and T. gondii 4.05% was detected in cattle. Coexposure of Brucella spp. and C. burnetii 6.67% was detected in sheep. The AMOS-PCR identified B. abortus in cattle and a mixed infection of B. abortus and B. melitensis in sheep in 64.71% seropositive samples. To our knowledge, the coexposure of Brucella spp. , T. gondii, and C. burnetii in cattle has not been reported. Coexposure of Brucella spp. and C. burnetii in cattle and sheep is significant as it results in reproductive losses and constitutes an infectious risk to humans. The detection of antibodies against multiple zoonotic infections in livestock from abattoirs has implications for public health.
Prevalence of Highly Sensitive Personality and Its Relationship With Depression, and Anxiety in the Saudi General Population

Background Highly sensitive personality (HSP) occurs in those who experience stronger processing of emotions and responses to both internal and external stimuli; this, in turn, could cause persons with highly sensitive personalities to suffer from affective disorders such as depression and anxiety at higher rates. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of highly sensitive personality and its relationship with depression and anxiety among the Saudi general population. Subject and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population in Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to the target population using an online survey. The questionnaire includes sociodemographic data (i.e., age, gender, marital status, etc.), the Highly Sensitive Person Scale to measure the degree of sensitivity, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to measure anxiety and depression. Results Of the 438 participants, 72.6% were females, and 48.9% were aged between 18 to 25 years. The prevalence of HSP in this study was 29%. Abnormal levels of anxiety and depression were found in 29.5% and 19.9%, respectively. Significant relationships were observed between HSP in terms of anxiety (p<0.001) and depression (p=0.001). It is interesting to note that a previous diagnosis of mental disorder was identified as a significant risk factor for HSP, anxiety, and depression. Conclusion There was a high prevalence of HSP in our population, which was significantly associated with anxiety and depression. Further, female participants were more likely to exhibit HSP and anxiety but not depression. These findings highlight the importance of prevention programs intended for highly sensitive persons with associated mental conditions.
Determining subsurface fracture characteristics from azimuthal resistivity surveys: A case study at Nsawam, Ghana

We conducted azimuthal resistivity surveys (ARS) using the square-array configuration to characterize the subsurface fractured rock mass at selected farmland sites in Nsawam District, Ghana. This study is the first of its kind in Ghana, and it provides useful information for future hydrological studies of the area, where groundwater is suspected to be contaminated as a result of the indiscriminate use of pesticides and fertilizers by local farmers. We estimate the fracture orientation, fracture porosity, and coefficient of anisotropy of the fractured rock mass at the selected sites from the azimuthal resistivity measurements; the specific surface area is estimated from field geological mapping of outcrops. High correlations exist between the specific surface area and the real and imaginary parts of the measured resistivity of the fractured rock mass. Fractures at localities with relatively high values of coefficient of anisotropy possess relatively high fracture porosity and relatively low specific surface area and are thus more likely to be intensely fractured and permeable. Results from this integrated geological and geophysical study indicate two dominant fracture directions in the study area, with other minor orientations that may influence groundwater and contaminant transport. The dominant orientations of the fracture systems at Kitase are northwest-southeast in the northern part and northeast-southwest in the southern part. At Amanfrom, the fractures are oriented northwest-southeast, and at Nsakye they are northeast-southwest. These sources of information from a noninvasive geophysical method are useful in assessing the transport properties of the fractured rock mass in the study area.
From Online Learner Readiness to Life-long Learning Skills: A Validation of the Learning Skills Journey Tool

One student success factor in higher education is students’ readiness to learn. An increasing number of students are learning in multiple modalities and the boundaries between course modalities continue to blur. In this context, there is a need to reassess readiness for online learning in ways that can serve all 21st century learners. The purpose of this study was to re-develop and cross-validate a measure of online learner readiness with different online student samples from two universities in the United States (combined N = 10,143). The reduced 25-item instrument retained four latent constructs: self-regulation efficacy, locus of control, communication efficacy, and technology efficacy. The emergence of these four factors replicates previous scale development studies, although individual items diverge from previous readiness instruments. Current and future applications of this redeveloped readiness instrument, the Learning Skills Journey Tool, are discussed, with a specific focus on how it can serve students throughout their learning journey.
Dating ice flow change near the flow divide at Roosevelt Island, Antarctica, by using a thermomechanical model to predict radar stratigraphy

[1] Radar-detected internal layering contained in some ice divides shows upwarped arches termed Raymond bumps. The distribution of their amplitude with height can date the onset of divide flow, reflecting changes in the basin structure of the ice sheet. The distribution depends on rheology, surface geometry, accumulation rate, and temperature. Conway et al. (1999) used an isothermal parameterized ice flow model to estimate a date of 3200 years B.P., with no error estimate, for the onset of divide flow in Roosevelt Island, Ross Ice Shelf, which they associated with grounding line retreat of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. No other retreat dating exists for an area of the Ross Ice Shelf distant from geological exposures. Employing a full thermomechanically coupled transient model, we use a direct search to determine which ice rheology best fits the observed bump distribution and surface profile, estimating the sensitivity of the dating to model parameters and exploring possible reasons for the observed asymmetry of the surface profile. Our main results are as follows: (1) A best estimate of the date of grounding line retreat near Roosevelt Island is 3000 years B.P., bounded by 2300 and 4200 years B.P. (2) Standard rheology (power n = 3) can only match the observed bump distribution for unrealistic isothermal models. (3) For thermomechanically coupled models a high power (n = 4) in Glen's law is required. (4) Low-power rheologies and wind scouring cannot produce correct bump amplitude distributions. (5) Asymmetric accumulation cannot explain the observed asymmetry of the surface profile. (6) Modeling isochrones in flanking regions also indicates changes in flow around 3000 years B.P.
The effect of employees’ CSR engagement on work outcomes: Empirical evidence from Ethiopia

ABSTRACT In this study, we examine the effect of employees’ CSR engagement on work outcomes. Drawing insights from social exchange theory, we propose that employees’ CSR engagement is likely to positively affect their job satisfaction and organizational commitment while reducing turnover intentions, and that this relationship tends to be stronger among senior managers with greater participative leadership style. We tested our prediction using data from 580 manufacturing and service firms in Ethiopia. The results of a structural equation modeling analysis indicate that employee CSR engagement is positively associated with job satisfaction and organizational commitment and is negatively related to turnover intentions. As predicted, these baseline predictions seem to be stronger among senior managers displaying greater participative leadership style. Overall, the findings contribute to the on-going research in this area by focusing on internal-focused CSR activity and its role in promoting productive employee outcomes. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Cyclic Variation in the Precipitation Conditions of the Mátra-Bükkalja Region and the Develoopment of a Prognosis Method

The cycle properties of the annual average, absolute maximum and minimum precipitation values have been calculated from precipitation data for the Matra and Bukk regions in publications [1] and [2]. The cycle parameters of annual average and annual absolute maximum precipitation values have been determined using the data of a shorter 34-year (1970-2006) and a longer 53-year (1960-2012) period (38 precipitation measurement stations) through the determination of the parameters of frequency, amplitude and phase with an analytic version of Discrete Fourier Transformation (DFT), and the values obtained on the basis of the two periods have been compared. Using prognosis parameters, a prognosis until 2025 has been made. Then, the regression function of the variation in time of average and absolute maximum precipitation values has been determined on the basis of actual and prognosticated data for the whole period (1960-2025).
Debonding failure of continuously reinforced bonded concrete overlay at early ages

ABSTRACT The structural behaviour and debonding mechanism of continuously reinforced bonded concrete overlay (CRBCO) on deteriorated concrete pavements subjected to environmental loadings are evaluated analytically and experimentally. It is shown that the temperature gradient in concrete significantly affects the debonding potential at the interface between CRBCO and existing continuously reinforced concrete pavements (CRCPs) and that the normal stress at the interface is the dominant cause of debonding failure. The results of factorial experiment show that the debonding potential can be reduced by decreasing the elastic modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and thickness of CRBCO, and by increasing the interfacial bond strength.
Evaluation of global fine-resolution precipitation products and their uncertainty quantification in ensemble discharge simulations

Abstract. The applicability of six fine-resolution precipitation products, including precipitation radar, infrared, microwave and gauge-based products, using different precipitation computation recipes, is evaluated using statistical and hydrological methods in northeastern China. In addition, a framework quantifying uncertainty contributions of precipitation products, hydrological models, and their interactions to uncertainties in ensemble discharges is proposed. The investigated precipitation products are Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) products (TRMM3B42 and TRMM3B42RT), Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS)/Noah, Asian Precipitation – Highly-Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE), Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN), and a Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMAP-MVK+) product. Two hydrological models of different complexities, i.e. a water and energy budget-based distributed hydrological model and a physically based semi-distributed hydrological model, are employed to investigate the influence of hydrological models on simulated discharges. Results show APHRODITE has high accuracy at a monthly scale compared with other products, and GSMAP-MVK+ shows huge advantage and is better than TRMM3B42 in relative bias (RB), Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSE), root mean square error (RMSE), correlation coefficient (CC), false alarm ratio, and critical success index. These findings could be very useful for validation, refinement, and future development of satellite-based products (e.g. NASA Global Precipitation Measurement). Although large uncertainty exists in heavy precipitation, hydrological models contribute most of the uncertainty in extreme discharges. Interactions between precipitation products and hydrological models can have the similar magnitude of contribution to discharge uncertainty as the hydrological models. A better precipitation product does not guarantee a better discharge simulation because of interactions. It is also found that a good discharge simulation depends on a good coalition of a hydrological model and a precipitation product, suggesting that, although the satellite-based precipitation products are not as accurate as the gauge-based products, they could have better performance in discharge simulations when appropriately combined with hydrological models. This information is revealed for the first time and very beneficial for precipitation product applications.