Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Time Preference in Explaining Burden of Malnutrition: Evidence from Urban Delhi

This study uses a simple theory model to examine how time preferences influence food choices made by individuals, which in turn have implications for their future health. We use quasi-hyperbolic discounting, which allows for the fact that individuals’ preferences may change over time and nests exponential discounting, which occurs with time-consistent preferences. Our theory results demonstrate that time preference has a bearing on health individuals with higher bias for the present or lower patience will have poorer health outcomes: that is, they will either be underweight (low BMI) or overweight (high BMI). To empirically validate these predictions, we undertook a primary survey of 885 adults (25-60 years) in area of West Delhi. As none in our sample was undernourished, our empirical results pertain only to overweight or healthy individuals and find that they are consistent with our theory results. The regressions indicate that a low discount factor/ higher bias for the present (or self-control issues) are predictive of identifying individuals who are overweight or obese. Moreover, the magnitudes of these coefficients are comparable to the magnitude of the more commonly recognized risk factors of rising body weight outcomes such as wealth/income. Finally, our results suggest that time preferences are not correlated with age, implying that psychometric tests based on eliciting these behavioral parameters could assist in identifying individuals early on who might be at the risk of becoming overweight in the future.
The Effect of Infrared Drying on Color, Projected Area, Drying Time, and Total Phenolic Content of Rose (Rose electron) Petals

The effects of different drying temperatures (50, 60, 70 °C) on the quality of rose (Rose electron) petals were evaluated in this study. Drying time decreased from 1680 s to 600 s with increased infrared temperature. The temperature and time were increased from 50 °C to 70 °C and 30 min to 60 min, respectively, and a decrease in the fruit color quality was observed. The projected area (PA) of rose petals was affected significantly from temperature. After the drying process, the largest PA was observed as 33.35 cm2 (50 °C, 30 min), while the smallest achieved at 70 °C, 60 min (27.96 cm2). Depending on the temperature values (50, 60, 70 °C), the average projection area of dry samples of the rose petals decreased 2.17 times compared to the projection area of fresh samples. The dried samples demonstrated an increase in the total phenolic (TP) content compared to the fresh samples. The maximum TP (44.49 mg GAE/g) was achieved at 45 min and 70 °C rose petals sample. The results concluded that infrared drying for 45 min at 70 °C could be recommended for drying rose (rosa electron) petals.
Conditional Cash Transfer for Secondary Education: Impact Assessment of the Kanyashree Program in West Bengal

Over the past two decades, conditional cash transfer programmes have gained importance to improve schooling outcomes and delay female child marriage. This paper evaluates the impact of one of such programme implemented in West Bengal (WB) since 2013 known as the Kanyashree Prakalpya (KP) on female schooling outcomes including enrollment and learning outcomes. Using data from Annual Status of Education (ASER) from 2011 to 2018, we employ double difference, triple difference and synthetic control methods to assess the impact of KP on female enrollment and learning outcomes. The findings indicate controlling for household factors as well as village level infrastructure, KP has been able to increase female enrollment significantly. However, no significant impact in learning outcomes is found and thus we couldn’t establish any connection between enrollment and educational attainment. We use DISE data to study school infrastructure and found them to be inadequate in WB possibly explaining the lack of gains in learning outcomes.
Anaesthetic management of laparoscopic pyloromyotomy for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: A retrospective study of 109 cases

Anaesthesia for laparoscopic pyloromyotomy poses multiple challenges. We have analysed our experience of anaesthetizing these infants by describing the perioperative events statistically in order to improve our anaesthetic technique. Pre-operative records, demographic details, intraoperative and post operative records of all cases of laparoscopic pyloromyotomy performed over a period of 5 years in a tertiary care unit were collected and reviewed. A statistical analysis of demographic details, preoperative clinical features with emphasis on metabolic derangements, adverse events during surgery and in the post operative period was done. We observed a combined intraoperative and post operative complication rate of 20% with no occurrence of mortality. Maximum morbidity post operatively was due to the development of emesis seen in 8 children (7.3%).
Fundamental Drivers of International Price and Consumption Disparities

In this study, we firstly propose a way to measure the tradability of 120+ commodities based on price dispersion across countries. This approach is used to construct price indices of tradables and non-tradables for 150+ countries. We document that the share of tradables in terms of total expenditure of consumers is lower for richer countries than poor countries and that the relative price of non-tradables, which plays an important role in the rate determination for real exchange, behaves in accordance with the Balassa-Samuelson effect. Secondly, we propose a common-factor approach (based on principal components) to compress the large volume of information on prices and quantities consumed globally. The ability of the factors to account for the variation in the data depends on the degree to which the original variables co-move, which is stronger for prices and weaker for quantities. We find that income is responsible for 98% of the variation in the first principal component of quantities. For prices, income plays a secondary role: It explains only 24% of the first component, but 85% of the second. These findings are robust to the inclusion of a range of explanatory variables, as well as to the level of data aggregation. JEL classifications: F40, E01, C43
Pressure Distribution Around Net Clad Scaffolds Using Computation Fluid Dynamics Techniques

Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations of the flow patterns and pressure distributions around scaffolds clad by debris netting were undertaken using Fluent. The models were verified using full-scale data from the Silsoe experimental site and from wind tunnel investigations of the permeability of scaffold nets and from fully clad scaffold models. The simulations show that for net clad scaffolds the Eurocode provisions are correct for the pressure coefficients on windward and side faces. However, for leeward faces a net scaffold a pressure coefficient of zero can be used.
Sex and APOE genotype influence AD neuropathology but not epigenetic age across diagnosis

Abstract Introduction Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects females. We determined whether physiological biomarkers (neuroplasticity, immune, stress, epigenetic) explain why females are more susceptible to AD than males using the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Methods Using the complete ADNI cohort, we analysed the effect of sex and APOE genotype (number of e4 alleles) and sex and diagnosis (cognitively normal (CN), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), AD) on (1) AD related endpoints: memory scores, executive function scores, hippocampal volume, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta, tau and p-tau; (2) markers of the immune system (interleukins, C-reactive protein, and immunoglobulins), neuroplasticity (intercellular adhesion molecule, ICAM1), and stress (cortisol); and (3) epigenetic age. Results Females had higher levels of tau and p-tau compared to males and increasing alleles of APOEe4 disproportionately increased tau and p-tau compared to males. Females had larger hippocampal volume (corrected with intracranial volume) and better memory scores (that include verbal memory) than males, regardless of APOE genotype and diagnosis. There were also sex differences in biomarkers with females having higher levels of plasma C-reactive protein and lower levels of CSF IL-8, IL-16, immunoglobulin A, and ICAM1. We did not observe an association between sex, diagnosis, or APOE genotype and blood epigenetic age acceleration or intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration. Conclusion In females tau pathology was increased but memory scores were higher and corrected hippocampal volume were larger compared to males suggesting females have a reserve against brain damage that delays either the onset of cognitive decline or diagnosis. In this ADNI cohort more males than females were diagnosed with MCI but with no significant difference in AD diagnosis, although more females presented with AD, suggesting the progression from CN, MCI to AD may be sex-specific. We found sex differences in immune biomarkers indicating that the underlying physiology may participate in differential aging with and without a diagnosis of AD or MCI between the sexes.
A CASE REPORT OF DERMAL FIBROUS MELANOMA IN A HORSE

An adult 23 years old mare with a history of recumbancy since one month and dead was transferred to the Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati from Department of ILFC, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati. While dissecting the carcass several 1-2 cm size black coloured round to oval masses without any pedunculation were observed near oral commissure, vulval commissure and on vulval lips. All superficial lymph nodes were black in colour. Histopathological examination of these masses revealed numerous melanocytes grouped in irregular bundles with patchy distribution of melanin pigment in the upper part of dermis and even in epidermis and melanocytes were admixed with fibrous tissue in interlacing pattern. In lymph nodes varying number of melanophages with eccentric and flattened nucleus were observed. In these melanophages larger and coarser melanin granules were noticed. Melanin was prominent near the surface and around blood vessels. Based on distribution of melanocytes it was diagnosed as dermal fibrous melanoma.
The Effect of Tax Moral on Sales Tax Compliance among Jordanian SME

The current paper examines the relation between tax moral and the sales tax compliance of SMEs. The impact of tax moral on sales tax compliance has been received a very little attention. However, to date, there has been no work on the effect of tax moral on sales tax compliance among Jordanian SMEs. This relationship was then tested based on the survey outcomes from 212 SMEs serving in Jordan. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) results revealed positive influence of tax moral on sales tax compliance. Besides extending the body of knowledge by providing a model to explain how tax moral influence sales tax compliance, the results offer insights on the tax moral of sales tax compliance among SMEs. This study also highlights the implications of this finding towards the owner-managers of SMEs and the potential future
Influence of Prior Beliefs on Perception in Early Psychosis: Effects of Illness Stage and Hierarchical Level of Belief

Alterations in the balance between prior expectations and sensory evidence may account for faulty perceptions and inferences leading to psychosis. However, uncertainties remain about the nature of altered prior expectations and the degree to which they vary with the emergence of psychosis. We explored how expectations arising at two different levels – cognitive and perceptual – influenced processing of sensory information and whether relative influences of higher and lower level priors differed across people with prodromal symptoms and those with psychotic illness. In two complementary auditory perception experiments, 91 participants (30 with first episode psychosis, 29 at clinical risk for psychosis, and 32 controls) were required to decipher a phoneme within ambiguous auditory input. Expectations were generated in two ways: an accompanying visual input of lip movements observed during auditory presentation, or through written presentation of a phoneme provided prior to auditory presentation. We determined how these different types of information shaped auditory perceptual experience, how this was altered across the prodromal and established phases of psychosis, and how this relates to cingulate glutamate levels assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The psychosis group relied more on high level cognitive priors compared to both healthy controls and those at clinical risk for psychosis, and more on low level perceptual priors than the clinical risk group. The risk group were marginally less reliant on low level perceptual priors than controls. The results are consistent with previous theory that influences of prior expectations in psychosis in perception differ according to level of prior and illness phase. General scientific summary What we perceive and believe on any given moment will allow us to form expectations about what we will experience in the next. In psychosis, it is believed that the influence of these so-called perceptual and cognitive ‘prior’ expectations on perception is altered, thereby giving rise to the symptoms seen in psychosis. However, research thus far has found mixed evidence, some suggesting an increase in the influence of priors and some finding a decrease. Here we test the hypothesis that perceptual and cognitive priors are differentially affected in individuals at-risk for psychosis and individuals with a first episode of psychosis, thereby partially explaining the mixed findings in the literature. We indeed found evidence in favour of this hypothesis, finding weaker perceptual priors in individuals at-risk, but stronger cognitive priors in individuals with first episode psychosis.
Comparison of maternal serum vitamin d levels in cases with preeclampsia, eclampsia and healthy pregnant women in Churu District

Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with various poor maternal and fetal outcomes and is proposed to be important in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia(PE). The question of interaction between PE and Vitamin D status in pregnant women of Churu district were not done earlier. Aims: The aim of this study is to assess and compare maternal serum vitamin D levels in eclampsia, preeclampsia and healthy pregnant women and the role of vitamin D deficiency in the etiology of preeclampsia (PE). Methods: This study was a cross section comparative study carried out on the pregnant women in the third trimester admitted for termination or in labour. 50 pregnant females with either pre-eclampsia or eclampsia were compared with equal number of normotensive pregnant females for serum vitamin D. They were followed up until delivery. Results: Most pregnant females had vitamin D deficiency pointing towards universal prevalence. Only 10% had suboptimal to optimal vitamin D level while 90% had vitamin deficiency. The hypertensive group had lower mean serum vitamin D level (9.06±5.20 ng/ml) as compared to normotensive group (13.67±7.24 ng/ml). Neonatal outcome was poorer in the hypertensive group. Conclusion: Vitamin D levels were lower in both preeclamptic and eclamptic patients compared to healthy normotensive pregnant women (P<0.001). Vitamin D supplementation is considered to decrease the risk of both preeclampsia and eclampsia in the patient population at risk for vitamin D deficiency.
Investigation of the Academic Motivations of the Students Studying Through Distance Education System in Terms of Some Variables / a Case Study of Sakarya University

Motivation is one of the important elements for the sustainability of a behaviour. One condition of learning is that it leaves a permanent mark. One of the main references that will ensure this permanence in distance education is the academic performance of individuals. In this research, the students' academic motivations regarding online courses (virtual classes), who study through distance education system in some departments of Sakarya University were examined according to some variables, and the reasons for the low attendance rates in online courses (virtual classes) were investigated. The universe of the research consisted of students who studied at Sakarya University through distance education system while the study sample consisted of 660 students selected by random sampling method. Questionnaires and scales were delivered to the sample group via email. In the research, the "Academic Motivation Scale", adapted to Turkey by Karagüven (2012) and the questionnaire prepared by the researchers, asking about some demographic data were used, and the data obtained were analyzed with SPSS software. In this context, the results obtained from the research are as follows: It was observed that there was a significant difference between the lower dimensions of academic motivation levels and the gender, age, marital and employment status variables of the students who continued their education through online courses by distance education method at Sakarya University. It was found that there were no significant differences between some sub-dimensions of academic motivation and variables. At the end of the study, recommendations for gender, age, marital status and employment status were developed.
Application of the AHP-BWM Model for Evaluating Driver Behavior Factors Related to Road Safety: A Case Study for Budapest

The use of driver behavior has been considered a complex way to solve road safety complications. Car drivers are usually involved in various risky driving factors which lead to accidents where people are fatally or seriously injured. The present study aims to dissect and rank the significant driver behavior factors related to road safety by applying an integrated multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model, which is structured as a hierarchy with at least one 5 × 5 (or bigger) pairwise comparison matrix (PCM). A real-world, complex decision-making problem was selected to evaluate the possible application of the proposed model (driver behavior preferences related to road safety problems). The application of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) alone, by precluding layman participants, might cause a loss of reliable information in the case of the decision-making systems with big PCMs. Evading this tricky issue, we used the Best Worst Method (BWM) to make the layman’s evaluator task easier and timesaving. Therefore, the AHP-BWM model was found to be a suitable integration to evaluate risky driver behavior factors within a designed three-level hierarchical structure. The model results found the most significant driver behavior factors that influence road safety for each level, based on evaluator responses on the driver behavior questionnaire (DBQ). Moreover, the output vector of weights in the integrated model is more consistent, with results for 5 × 5 PCMs or bigger. The proposed AHP-BWM model can be used for PCMs with scientific data organized by traditional means.
Model representation of the coupling between evapotranspiration and soil water content at different depths

Abstract. Soil water content ( θ ) influences the climate system by controlling the fraction of incoming solar and longwave energy that is converted into evapotranspiration (ET). Therefore, investigating the coupling strength between θ and ET is important for the study of land surface–atmosphere interactions. Physical models are commonly tasked with representing the coupling between θ and ET; however, few studies have evaluated the accuracy of model-based estimates of θ ∕ ET coupling (especially at multiple soil depths). To address this issue, we use in situ AmeriFlux observations to evaluate θ ∕ ET coupling strength estimates acquired from multiple land surface models (LSMs) and an ET retrieval algorithm – the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM). For maximum robustness, coupling strength is represented using the sampled normalized mutual information (NMI) between θ estimates acquired at various vertical depths and surface evaporation flux expressed as a fraction of potential evapotranspiration (fPET, the ratio of ET to potential ET). Results indicate that LSMs and GLEAM are generally in agreement with AmeriFlux measurements in that surface soil water content ( θs ) contains slightly more NMI with fPET than vertically integrated soil water content ( θv ). Overall, LSMs and GLEAM adequately capture variations in NMI between fPET and θ estimates acquired at various vertical depths. However, GLEAM significantly overestimates the NMI between θ and ET, and the relative contribution of θs to total ET. This bias appears attributable to differences in GLEAM's ET estimation scheme relative to the other two LSMs considered here (i.e., the Noah model with multi-parameterization options and the Catchment Land Surface Model, CLSM). These results provide insight into improved LSM model structure and parameter optimization for land surface–atmosphere coupling analyses.
Benchmarking green chemistry adoption by the Indian pharmaceutical supply chain

ABSTRACT This paper provides the first benchmarking study of green chemistry (GC) adoption by the Indian pharmaceutical supply chain based on information from industry representatives leading such efforts. Results demonstrate that generic drug pharma and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) manufacturers in India exhibit significant interest and some advances in using GC principles. At the same time, majority (65%) of Indian companies rely on treatment and disposal of waste water instead of source reduction and one in five (20%) does not use any GC metrics. The study found that generic pharma is more advanced in adopting GC principles than API manufacturers. Regulatory risk and time pressures to deliver drugs were reported as the two most significant barriers for greater adoption of GC in India, while cost savings and environmental regulations were cited as the top two drivers. The paper concludes with some recommendations for advancing GC adoption in India. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Interdisciplinary management of a severely compromised periodontal patient - Case report

Purposes: The aim of this case report is to suggest and discuss an up-to-date interdisciplinary approach to a complex periodontal case, adjusting different treatment strategies intra-individually based on the biological, functional and aesthetic dimensions of each patient. Case report: The case refers to a 42-year-old healthy male patient with IIIB generalized periodontitis. After cause-related therapy, the patient was submitted to periodontal resective surgery with fibre retention technique in the maxilla and surgical regenerative procedures in the posterior regions of the mandible with enamel matrix derivative and bovine xenograft. After Supportive Periodontal Therapy (SPT) institution the patient went through an aesthetic rehabilitation phase to minimize the disease sequelae. Conclusion: Modern evidence-based periodontal treatment options must be site-specific oriented in order to achieve the best clinical outcomes. A contemporary vision of periodontal treatment must go beyond the moment of establishment of an individualized SPT programme and these restorative solutions are very powerful tools to give back confidence and increase the self-esteem of our patients.