Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct observation of safety belt use in Michigan: Fall 2002

A direct observation survey of safety belt use in Michigan was conducted in the fall of 2002. In this study, 14,160 occupants traveling in four vehicle types (passenger cars, sport utility vehicles, vans/minivans, and pickup trucks) were surveyed between August 29 and September 12, 2002. Belt use was estimated for all commercial/noncommercial vehicle types combined (the statewide safety belt use rate) and separately for each vehicle type. Within and across each vehicle type, belt use by age, sex, road type, day of week, time of day, and seating position were calculated. Statewide belt use was 82.9%. When compared with last year's rate, the current rate shows that safety belt use in Michigan has remained about the same. However, a comparison with the statewide survey conducted in June, 2002, reveals that belt use has slightly increased over the last three months. A comparison with the highest rate observed before the introduction of standard enforcement shows that the current rate reflects a 12.8 percentage point increase. Belt use was 85.1% for passenger cars, 85.5% for sport utility vehicles, 83.1% for vans/minivans, and 74.4% for pickup trucks. For all vehicle types combined, belt use was higher for females than for males, and higher for drivers than for passengers. In general, belt use was high during the morning rush hour. Belt use did not vary systematically by day of week. Belt use was lowest among 16-to-29 year olds, and highest among the 60-and-older age group. Survey results suggest that the implementation of standard enforcement safety belt use laws and the accompanying enforcement and public information and education efforts have been effective in increasing and maintaining safety belt use in Michigan.
Reaching Users Through Social Media: A Case Study on the Use of Instagram by Islamic Higher Education Libraries in Indonesia

Objective. This research aims to identify the use of social media by Indonesian Islamic Higher Education Libraries to communicate with their users through their regular postings on Instagram and the users’ responses to them. Methods. This research applies quantitative methods to uncover data concerning the number of Instagram posts made by State Islamic University (UIN) libraries and the users’ responses (i.e. like, comment, share, and save), and then analyzes them using a qualitative approach to identify the users’ responses. Results. UIN libraries reach users by posting information related to libraries on Instagram that can be classified into eight types of posts; greetings, announcements, library promotions, book donations, quotes, and others. The number of responses to these types of posts varies from each library but posting information related to library services will invite most responses from library users. The library of UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta is the most active library in posting information on Instagram. Conclusion. Instagram is a good medium to reach library users in UIN libraries. However, the availability of policies regarding the use of Instagram in the library is needed since it influences the number of posts on Instagram. Timing (i.e. when is the best time to make an Instagram post? ) is also important since it makes a post get more responses.
Eating the Ocean

In Eating the Ocean Elspeth Probyn investigates the profound importance of the ocean and the future of fish and human entanglement. On her ethnographic journey around the world's oceans and fisheries, she finds that the ocean is being simplified in a food politics that is overwhelmingly land based and preoccupied with buzzwords like "local" and "sustainable. " Developing a conceptual tack that combines critical analysis and embodied ethnography, she dives into the lucrative and endangered bluefin tuna market, the gendered politics of "sustainability," the ghoulish business of producing fish meal and fish oil for animals and humans, and the long history of encounters between humans and oysters. Seeing the ocean as the site of the entanglement of multiple species—which are all implicated in the interactions of technology, culture, politics, and the market—enables us to think about ways to develop a reflexive ethics of taste and place based in the realization that we cannot escape the food politics of the human-fish relationship.
Evaluation of Sustainable Forage Systems for Meat Goat Production in the Southern US

50 Introduction. 51 Materials and Methods. 52 Animals and diets. 52 Carcass evaluation and fabrication . 57 Chemical analysis . 58 Statistical analysis. 59 Results and Discussion . 60 Animal performance and carcass traits . 60 Composition and commercial cuts. 64 Implications. 69 IV. THE EFFECT OF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS ON BOER CROSS GOATS II: CARCASS QUALITY AND PALATABILITY. 70 Abstract . 70 Introduction. 71 Materials and Methods. 72 Animals and diets. 72 Sample collection and preparation. 74 Fatty acid and cholesterol analysis . 75 Retail color and oxidative stability determination . 76 Shear force determination and sensory evaluation . 77 Statistical analysis. 78 Results and Discussion . 79
Monazite chemical weathering, rare earth element behavior, and paleoglaciohydrology since the last glacial maximum for the Loch Vale watershed, Colorado, USA

Abstract Rare earth element (REE) release from weathering of accessory monazite [(REE)PO4] since the last glacial maximum at 18.1 ka was investigated in sediment recovered from an outlet lake within the glaciated Loch Vale watershed, Colorado, USA. Labile REEs in the sediments reveal monazite weathering increased during the Younger Dryas chronozone (YDC) 13.2 to 11.1 ka when alpine glaciers advanced as climate cooled and bedrock comminution increased. Monazite dissolution peaked at approximately the Pleistocene-Holocene transition ~10.5 ka. During the Holocene, REE concentrations decline, reflecting a reduction in monazite weathering. The REE cerium (Ce) may occur as trivalent or tetravalent cations, and the Ce anomaly (Ce n /Ce* n ) in sediment permits interpretations of paleoredox conditions. The Ce n /Ce* n decreases from 18.1 ka to the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary. Initially, oxidizing conditions within the watershed increased because of enlargement of the proglacial area as the ice retreated. At the onset of the YDC, oxidation further escalated in response to enhanced chemical weathering associated with glacial advance. A more stable Holocene climate and landscape resulted in relatively small changes in Ce n /Ce* n values. Slightly decreasing Ce n /Ce* n values over the last several hundred years are consistent with present-day stream water values and may reflect the onset of present-day hydrobiogeochemical conditions.
A Systematic Review and Comparative Meta-analysis of Non-destructive Fruit Maturity Detection Techniques

The global fruit industry is growing rapidly due to increased awareness of the health benefits associated with fruit consumption. Fruit maturity detection plays a crucial role in fruit logistics and maintenance, enabling farmers and fruit industries to grade fruits and develop sustainable policies for enhanced profitability and service quality. Non-destructive fruit maturity detection methods have gained significant attention, especially with advancements in machine vision and spectroscopic techniques. This systematic review provides a concise overview of the techniques and algorithms used in fruit quality grading by farmers and industries. The study reviewed 63 full-text articles published between 2012 and 2023 along with their bibliometric analysis. Qualitative analysis revealed that researchers from various disciplines contributed to this field, with techniques falling into 3 categories: machine vision (mathematical modelling or deep learning), spectroscopy and other miscellaneous approaches. There was a high level of diversity among these categories, as indicated by an I-square value of 88.37% in the heterogeneity analysis. Meta-analysis, using odds ratios as the effect measure, established the relationship between techniques and their accuracy. Machine vision showed a positive correlation with accuracy across different categories. Additionally, Egger's and Begg's tests were used to assess publication bias and no strong evidence of its occurrence was found. This study offers valuable insights into the advantages and limitations of various fruit maturity detection techniques. For employing statistical and meta-analytical methods, key factors such as accuracy and sample size have been considered. These findings will aid in the development of effective strategies for fruit quality assessment.
Applicability of Food Monitoring Data for Assessing Relative Exposure Contributions of Pyrethroids in Retrospective Human Biomonitoring Risk Estimations

The use of pyrethroids is very broad and shows increasing trends. Human biomonitoring studies represent the best approach for realistic risk estimations, but their interpretation requires a tiered approach. A previous HBM4EU study indicated levels in European children groups just around the threshold for concern, requiring further refinement. The main difficulty is that several pyrethroids with different toxicity potencies generate the same urinary metabolites. As diet is the main pyrethroid source for the general population, EU food monitoring data reported by EFSA have been used to estimate the relative contribution of each pyrethroid. The main contributors were cypermethrin for DCCA and 3-PBA and lambda-cyhalothrin for CFMP. Urinary levels predicted from food concentration according to the EFSA diets were mostly within the range of measured levels, except 3-PBA and CFMP levels in children, both below measured levels. The predicted lower levels for 3-PBA can be explained by the very low Fue value, initially proposed as conservative, but that seems to be unrealistic. The discrepancies for CFMP are mostly for the highest percentiles and require further assessments. The refined assessments included the revision of the previously proposed human biomonitoring guidance values for the general population, HBM-GV Gen Pop, following recent toxicological reevaluations, and the estimation of hazard quotients (HQs) for each individual pyrethroid and for the combined exposure to all pyrethroids. All HQs were below 1, indicating no immediate concern, but attention is required, particularly for children, with HQs in the range of 0.2–0.3 for the highly exposed group. The application of probabilistic methods offers assessments at the population level, addressing the variability in exposure and risk and providing relevant information for Public Health impact assessments and risk management prioritization.
Entrainment of stratospheric air and Asian pollution by the convective boundary layer in the southwestern U.S.

A series of deep stratospheric intrusions in late May 2013 increased the daily maximum 8 h surface ozone (O3) concentrations to more than 70 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) at rural and urban surface monitors in California and Nevada. This influx of ozone‐rich lower stratospheric air and entrained Asian pollution persisted for more than 5 days and contributed to exceedances of the 2008 8 h national ambient air quality standard of 75 ppbv on 21 and 25 May in Clark County, NV. Exceedances would also have occurred on 22 and 23 May had the new standard of 70 ppbv been in effect. In this paper, we examine this episode using lidar measurements from a high‐elevation site on Angel Peak, NV, and surface measurements from NOAA, the Clark County, Nevada Department of Air Quality, the Environmental Protection Agency Air Quality System, and the Nevada Rural Ozone Initiative. These measurements, together with analyses from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/North American Regional Reanalysis; NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory AM3 model; NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service Real‐time Air Quality Modeling System; and FLEXPART models, show that the exceedances followed entrainment of ~20 to 40 ppbv of lower stratospheric ozone mingled with another 0 to 10 ppbv of ozone transported from Asia by the unusually deep convective boundary layers above the Mojave desert. Our analysis suggests that this vigorous mixing can affect both high and low elevations and help explain the springtime ozone maximum in the southwestern U.S.
The Influence of Rainfall on the Yield of Wheat in South Australia

The relationship between the yield of wheat and seasonal rainfall inSouth Australia has been determined. The period chosen for examination was1896-1941 and the analysis extends to practically the entire wheat belt of theState, all major soil groups and variants of climatic conditions within the areabeing represented. Yield was assessed using the hundred, which has anaverage area of approximately 118 square miles, as the basic territorial unit.Seasonal weather was represented by the rains in three subdivisions of thegrowing period of the crop, and these were taken as independent variates inan analysis by multiple regression. The regression of yield on rainfall, whenconsidered as a,function of time, takes a mathematically simple parabolic formwith a maximum in winter and zeros in autumn and spring or early summer,and the coefficients obtained provide a clear demonstration of the sub-optimalcharacter of average seasonal rainfall over the greater part of the season andalmost throughout the wheat belt. The conclusions drawn from the generalsurvey are substantiated by analyses of a limited number of exact records.
CRABP2 regulates infiltration of cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune response in melanoma

Finding biomarkers for immunotherapy is an urgent issue in cancer treatment. Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2 (CRABP2) is a controversial factor in the occurrence and development of human tumors. However, there is limited research on the relationship between CRABP2 and immunotherapy response. This study found that negative correlations of CRABP2 and immune checkpoint markers (PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4) were observed in breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA), skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) and testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). In particular, in SKCM patients who were treated with PD-1 inhibitors, high levels of CRABP2 predicted poor prognosis. Additionally, CRABP2 expression was elevated in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) at the single-cell level. The expression of CRABP2 was positively correlated with markers of CAFs, such as MFAP5, PDPN, ITGA11, PDGFRα/β and THY1 in SKCM. To validate the tumor-promoting effect of CRABP2 in vivo, SKCM xenograft mice models with CRABP2 overexpression have been constructed. These models showed an increase in tumor weight and volume. Enrichment analysis indicated that CRABP2 may be involved in immune-related pathways of SKCM, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interaction and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The study suggests that CRABP2 may regulate immunotherapy in SKCM patients by influencing infiltration of CAFs. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the role of CRABP2 in immunotherapy response. The findings suggest that CRABP2 may be a promising biomarker for PD-1 inhibitors in SKCM patients. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and to explore the clinical implications of CRABP2 in immunotherapy.
Sensitivity analysis and application of time‐lapse full‐waveform inversion: synthetic testing and field data example from the North Sea, Norway

Time‐lapse refraction can provide complementary seismic solutions for monitoring subtle subsurface changes that are challenging for conventional P‐wave reflection methods. The utilization of refraction time lapse has lagged behind in the past partly due to the lack of robust techniques that allow extracting easy‐to‐interpret reservoir information. However, with the recent emergence of the full‐waveform inversion technique as a more standard tool, we find it to be a promising platform for incorporating head waves and diving waves into the time‐lapse framework. Here we investigate the sensitivity of 2D acoustic, time‐domain, full‐waveform inversion for monitoring a shallow, weak velocity change (−30 m/s, or −1.6%). The sensitivity tests are designed to address questions related to the feasibility and accuracy of full‐waveform inversion results for monitoring the field case of an underground gas blowout that occurred in the North Sea. The blowout caused the gas to migrate both vertically and horizontally into several shallow sand layers. Some of the shallow gas anomalies were not clearly detected by conventional 4D reflection methods (i.e., time shifts and amplitude difference) due to low 4D signal‐to‐noise ratio and weak velocity change. On the other hand, full‐waveform inversion sensitivity analysis showed that it is possible to detect the weak velocity change with the non‐optimal seismic input. Detectability was qualitative with variable degrees of accuracy depending on different inversion parameters. We inverted, the real 2D seismic data from the North Sea with a greater emphasis on refracted and diving waves’ energy (i.e., most of the reflected energy was removed for the shallow zone of interest after removing traces with offset less than 300 m). The full‐waveform inversion results provided more superior detectability compared with the conventional 4D stacked reflection difference method for a weak shallow gas anomaly (320 m deep).
Debates—Stochastic subsurface hydrology from theory to practice: A geologic perspective

A geologic perspective on stochastic subsurface hydrology offers insights on representativeness of prominent field experiments and their general relevance to other hydrogeologic settings. Although the gains in understanding afforded by some 30 years of research in stochastic hydrogeology have been important and even essential, adoption of the technologies and insights by practitioners has been limited, due in part to a lack of geologic context in both the field and theoretical studies. In general, unintentional, biased sampling of hydraulic conductivity (K) using mainly hydrologic, well‐based methods has resulted in the tacit assumption by many in the community that the subsurface is much less heterogeneous than in reality. Origins of the bias range from perspectives that are limited by scale and the separation of disciplines (geology, soils, aquifer hydrology, groundwater hydraulics, etc.). Consequences include a misfit between stochastic hydrogeology research results and the needs of, for example, practitioners who are dealing with local plume site cleanup that is often severely hampered by very low velocities in the very aquitard facies that are commonly overlooked or missing from low‐variance stochastic models or theories. We suggest that answers to many of the problems exposed by stochastic hydrogeology research can be found through greater geologic integration into the analyses, including the recognition of not only the nearly ubiquitously high variances of K but also the strong tendency for the good connectivity of the high‐K facies when spatially persistent geologic unconformities are absent. We further suggest that although such integration may appear to make the contaminant transport problem more complex, expensive and intractable, it may in fact lead to greater simplification and more reliable, less expensive site characterizations and models.
A JOINPOINT REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF LONG-TERM TRENDS IN LEUKEMIA INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY IN CENTRAL SERBIA AND NIŠAVA DISTRICT (1999-2014)

Leukemia contributes 2.3% to the overall cancer incidence in Serbia and 2.9% in the total mortality, while the estimated incidence and mortality rate for males and females were 8.7 and 6.3 ‰, respectively and occupies 13th place among both sexes in Central Serbia. The objective of our study was to examine the time trends of leukemia in Central Serbia, with a focus on Nisava district, from 1999-2014, using a Joinpoint regression analysis and compare them with the trend in other populations, and identify possible changes. The standardised incidence and mortality were obtained from the Serbian Cancer Registry of Central Serbia. Time trends for incidence and mortality of leukemia were assessed using the annual percent change, estimated through Joinpoint regression analysis (age period cohort models - APC) using the Joinpoint Regression Software. Our results demonstrate a stable trend of the age-adjusted leukemia incidence rate both in males and females in Central Serbia during the observed 1999-2014 period. However, statistically significant decreasing trend of leukemia incidence rate was found in men from Nisava district, while non-significant slightly increasing pattern was present in women. Joinpoint analysis in our research demonstrated favorable mortality declines until the 2002, and than stabile trend in Central Serbia in both sexes to the end of the observed period. Conversely, mortality among males in Nisava district shows a positive trend, but not statistically significant. The results of the study suggest that leukemia profile in Central Serbia was stabile during the study period. It is particularly interesting that incidence is decreasing among male population from Nisava district.
EFFECT OF WEATHER FACTORS ON EARL Y BLIGHT DISEASE DEVELOPMENT IN POTATO

An experiment was carried out in farmer’s field of Narendra village near University of Agricultural Sciences , Dharwad (Karnataka), India during Kharif 2013 to study the disease development of early blight of potato in relation to weather factors. The weather data was collected from Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka), India. The studies revealed that per cent disease index (PDI) was progressing at linear rate throughout the plant growth period and it was negatively correlated with minimum temperature, relative humidity (morning and evening). While positively correlated with maximum temperature and cumulative rainfall. The multiple regression model developed for PDI is Y= 753.41 – 5.88 X 1 + 28.71 X 2 -11.82 X 3 - 0.78 X 4 + 0.24 X 5 with R 2 value of 0.98 . The observed and predicted values were
EFFECTS OF DENSITY ON REPRODUCTION, AND DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURES OF AMERICAN GINSENG (Panax quinquefolius L.) POPULATIONS IN OHIO

Helen J. Michaels, Advisor Panax quinquefolius, a perennial understory herb has been extensively harvested and traded for more than 300 years. Due to high demand for herbal medicine, the loss of natural populations has increased. Although studies on effects of harvesting on sustainability of natural populations of American ginseng exist, the effect of density and small scale variation in ecoenvironmental factors on reproduction is unknown. Filling this knowledge gap will help understand factors determining reproductive success, and will facilitate conservation and management of this rare species. The first part of this study uses two years of data collected from two populations located at Knox Woods Nature Preserve, Knox County, Ohio to examine demography and population growth under two assumptions (alive vs. dead for missing individuals) for high and low seed production. Population projection assuming missing plants were dormant produced growth rates larger than 1 for both levels of seed production, but growth rates were smaller than 1 when missing plants were assumed dead. In the second part, the effect of absolute density and nearest neighbor distance on flower and fruit production was examined by linear regression analysis. Absolute density had a weak effect within 1m radius concentric rings only for fruit set in 2006, whereas nearest neighbor distance had weak, but significant effects on fruit set and fruit production for both nearest neighbor distance (NND) and average distances of three nearest neighbors (3NND) for 2006, and in 2005 only for fruit production for NND and flower production for 3NND. These results suggest that the effect of density is small and variable relative to other factors. The third part of this study examined the influence of ecoenvironmental factors on reproduction for one season of data (2006). The best model predicting