Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paralogs in the PKA Regulon Traveled Different Evolutionary Routes to Divergent Expression in Budding Yeast

Functional divergence of duplicate genes, or paralogs, is an important driver of novelty in evolution. In the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, there are 547 paralog gene pairs that survive from an interspecies Whole Genome Hybridization (WGH) that occurred ∼100MYA. Many WGH paralogs (or ohnologs) are known to have differential expression during the yeast Environmental Stress Response (ESR), of which Protein Kinase A (PKA) is a major regulator. While investigating the transcriptional response to PKA inhibition in S. cerevisiae, we discovered that approximately 1/6th (91) of all ohnolog pairs were differentially expressed with a striking pattern. One member of each pair tended to have low basal expression that increased upon PKA inhibition, while the other tended to have high but unchanging expression. Examination of PKA inhibition data in the pre-WGH species K. lactis and PKA-related stresses in other budding yeasts indicated that unchanging expression in response to PKA inhibition is likely to be the ancestral phenotype prior to duplication. Analysis of promoter sequences of orthologs of gene pairs that are differentially expressed in S. cerevisiae further revealed that the emergence of PKA-dependence took different evolutionary routes. In some examples, regulation by PKA and differential expression appears to have arisen following the WGH, while in others, regulation by PKA appears to have arisen in one of the two parental lineages prior to the WGH. More broadly, our results illustrate the unique opportunities presented by a WGH event for generating functional divergence by bringing together two parental lineages with separately evolved regulation into one species. We propose that functional divergence of two ohnologs can be facilitated through such regulatory divergence, which can persist even when functional differences are erased by gene conversion.
Sea turtles in Ilaje, Nigeria: status, sighting periods and conservation awareness

Local understanding of migratory species is critical towards the global conservation agenda. The present study, conducted from 2016–2018, aimed to (i) examine the demographic characteristics of fishers operating within Ilaje axis in the Atlantic Ocean; (ii) determine species and status of sea turtles in the area; (iii) investigate their sighting periods; (iv) evaluate fishers’ behaviour towards sea turtles; (v) assess fishers’ sea turtles’ conservation awareness; (vi) determine the roles of demographic factors on the fishers’ level of sea turtles utilisation and conservation. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select the study sites and respondents. The sample size consisted of 364 fishers from six communities. Data were collected using personal interviews, a structured questionnaire and direct observation. During each interview, photographs of six sea turtles reportedly found in Nigeria were presented for easy identification. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation and multiple linear regressions. The results revealed that all fishers hunting along the Atlantic Ocean from Ilaje axis are male. The majority of them (97.2%) are within the active age of 21–60 years old with over two-third of them educated (81.0%). Two species of sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea, Dermochelys coriacea) are foraging in the area, although L. olivacea was mostly encountered. These sea turtles migrate into the area from April and vacate around October in each year. During this period, some L. olivacea individuals were accidentally trapped inside nets set for hunting crustaceans especially Malacostraca: Decapoda. About 92.3% of the accidental captured sea turtles had a good physical appearance with a body condition index of 1.77 ± 0.09 and 1.36 ± 0.04 in male and female, respectively. Accidentally captured sea turtles are consumed as meat indiscriminately. The predictors of sea turtles utilisation were fishers’ age (β = 0.15, p < 0.05) and family size (β = -0.02, p < 0.05) while the fishers’ educational level is the predictor of sea turtles’ conservation (β = 0.02, p < 0.05). Also, the study showed that there were positive and significant relationships between fishers’ personal factors and their rationale for capturing sea turtles (r = 0.23, p < 0.01) and sea turtle’s conservation awareness (r = 0.22, p < 0.01). A low knowledge regarding sea turtles’ conservation status and its non-consumptive benefits are suggested responsible for high indiscriminate consumption and little participation in its conservation. Urgent sea turtles’ conservation awareness in the study area is hereby recommended.
A Combined Approach towards Measuring Linguistic Distance: A Study on South Ethiosemitic Languages

The distance among closely related languages is usually measured from three dimensions: structural, functional and perceptual. The structural distance is determined by directly quantifying the phonetic, lexical, morphological and syntactic differences among the languages. The functional distance is measured based on the actual usage of the languages, e.g., mutual intelligibility and inter-lingual comprehensibility. The perceptual distance is related to the subjective judgment of the speakers about the similarity or intelligibility between their native language and the neighboring languages. Studies on language variation measure linguistic distances at least from one of these dimensions. However, as Gooskens (2013), Gooskens & Heuven (2018) and Tang et al. (2009) noticed, languages do not differ just in one dimension; they can be, for example, phonetically similar but syntactically different. The present study, therefore, combined these three perspectives to examine the distance among purposely selected ten South Ethiosemitic languages (Chaha, Endegagn, Ezha, Gumer, Gura, Inor, Kistane, Mesqan, Muher and Silt’e). The study specifically aims to (1) determine the areal classification of the languages; (2) illustrate the similarity or difference between the areal classification of the languages and previous classification by historical linguists; (3) determine the degree of mutual intelligibility among the languages; (4) examine the relationship among the three dimensions of linguistic distances, and (5) explore the major determinants (linguistic and non-linguistic) which contribute to the linguistic distance among the language varieties. The structural distance was determined by computing the lexical and phonetic differences based on randomly selected 240 words. The lexical distance was defined as the average of pairs of non-cognates in the basic vocabularies. Levenshtein algorithm (Gooskens & Heeringa, 2004; Heeringa, 2004; Kessler, 1995) was used to
Understanding the impact of subthalamic deep brain stimulation on cognitive and affective processing

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) occupies a strategic position in the motor network, slowing down responses in situations with conflicting perceptual input. Recent evidence suggests a role of the STN in emotion processing through strong connections with emotion recognition structures. As deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the STN in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) inhibits monitoring of perceptual and value-based conflict, STN DBS may also interfere with emotional conflict processing. To assess a possible interference of STN DBS with emotional conflict processing, we used an emotional Stroop paradigm. Subjects categorized face stimuli according to their emotional expression while ignoring emotionally congruent or incongruent superimposed word labels. Eleven PD patients ON and OFF STN DBS and eleven age-matched healthy subjects conducted the task. We found conflict-induced response slowing in healthy controls and PD patients OFF DBS, but not ON DBS, suggesting STN DBS to decrease adaptation to within-trial conflict. OFF DBS, patients showed more conflictinduced slowing for negative conflict stimuli, which was diminished by STN DBS. Computational modelling of STN influence on conflict adaptation disclosed DBS to interfere via increased baseline activity.
The Extra-Organizational Determinants of Innovation: Sunshine Exposure and Inventor Performance

Prior research in psychology predicts that sunny weather is associated with creativity, optimism, and risk-taking behavior. In this paper, we examine the effect of weather-induced mood on patent inventors’ productivity and the value implication of such an effect. Using an annual measure of relative sunshine around each inventor’s residential location, we document that inventors exposed to more sunshine during a year create patents with higher market valuation and more forward citations. Our results hold after addressing alternative explanations and conducting an exhaustive array of robustness tests. Furthermore, we show that inventors exposed to more sunshine engage in greater specialization rather than experimentation. Our paper is among the first to show that weather conditions have a real effect on firm value through the innovation channel.
Structural model for rigid-plastic yielding behavior of angle-ply reinforced composites of materials with different properties in tension and compression considering 2D stress state in all components

Abstract Structural model for hybrid media, angle-ply reinforced in the plane allowing one to determine the yield loci for the composition considering the plane stress state in all components is constructed. The materials of the composition are homogeneous, isotropic and have different yield strengths in tension and compression. Their mechanical behavior is described by the associated flow rule for rigid-plastic bodies with the quadratic yield conditions. The yield loci for metal compositions with low-strength and high-strength binder and for glass-plastic composition are calculated.
Bilateral giant spermatocele mimicking an intrascrotal mass İntraskrotal kitleyi taklit eden iki tarafli dev spermatosel

Summary Spermatocele is a rare condition causing a large scrotal mass, pain, and disturbance. A 45-year-old patient had complaints of scrotal pain, tenderness, and swelling of three-year history. On palpation, there were multiple bilateral, firm masses. Scrotal ultrasonographic examination showed fluid-filled cystic masses in multilocular spaces measuring 57x30 mm on the right, and 84x59 mm on the left. Bilateral scrotal exploration was performed and 11 spermatoceles on the left side, and six on the right side were completely excised. The patient was discharged on the first postoperative day. At one-month follow-up, no complications or recurrence were observed.
EVALUATION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL MUCOSA BY THE OLGA SYSTEM IN CHRONIC ATROPHIC GASTRITIS

The aim of the study was to study the endoscopic and morphological features of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines using the OLGA system in chronic atrophic gastritis. The study included 180 patients with dyspepsia symptoms ranging in age from 18 to 80 years old, who were diagnosed with H.pylori - associated gastritis during endoscopic examination with a quick urease test. Neatrophic fundus gastritis was detected in 99 patients (55.0%), mild atrophy of the mucous membrane of the stomach body was detected in 19 patients (10.56%), moderate atrophy in 36 patients (20.0%) and severe atrophy in 26 patients (14.44%). Depending on the presence and severity of multifocal atrophy of the gastric mucosa (simultaneous presence of atrophic changes in the body and antrum), the studied patients were distributed as follows (table 2): lack of multifocal atrophy - 39 patients (21.7%), a weak degree of multifocal atrophy was detected in 46 patients (25.5%), moderate degree of atrophy in 64 patients (35.6%) and severe multifocal atrophy in 31 patients (17.2%). Thus, our data show that the stage of atrophy, established by the OLGA system, generally corresponds to the stage of atrophy, determined by the visual-analogue scale of the Houston modification of the Sydney system.
Nursing Students’ Medication Errors and Adherence to Medication Best-Practice

Background: Nursing students are at risk for committing medication administration errors (MAEs), which significantly alter the delivery of safe and effective healthcare. Purpose: To identify the medications most frequently involved in medication errors as reported by Jordanian nursing students, as well as to identify the level of nursing students’ adherence to best-practice when administering high-risk medications. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used among a convenience sample of 74 nurses. Results: A total of 74 of 110 (67.3%) questionnaires were returned. The most frequent medications subjected to MAEs were Dopamine, Dobutamine, and Insulin continuous intravenous infusion (17.2%, 16.0% and 13.5% respectively). Regarding the adherence to best-practice, nursing students adhered the most to the following best-practices: checking the patient armband prior to medication administration with a mean of 3.81 (±0.6) and bringing the MAR sheet with them when preparing a medication with a mean of 3.46 (±1.1). Conclusion: Developing an effective medication training programs in all undergraduate nursing programs in Jordanis is vital to ensure patient safety. Nursing educators in clinical and academic settings need to reinforce the importance of adherence to medication management best-practice in all courses. Close and effective supervision of students needs to be maintained throughout nursing students’ clinical training, especially during medication preparation and administration.
Understanding Bulk Sediment Stable Isotope Records in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific, From Seven Million Years Ago to Present Day

Stable isotope (δ13C and δ18O) records of bulk marine sediment carry information on past carbon cycling and oceanography, but origins and interpretations remain uncertain because such signals represent mixtures of different biogenic components, each with potential offsets from primary parameters. Studies of Neogene sediment from the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) exemplify this issue, because stable isotope records of bulk sediment and foraminifera at different sites exhibit similarities and differences in absolute value that somehow relate to depositional age. Here we measure δ13C and δ18O of bulk carbonate, two fine‐grained fractions (<63 and <20 μm), mixed‐species planktic and benthic foraminifera, and foraminifera fragments from sediments deposited over four time intervals within the last 7 Ma at ODP Site 851. These data are compared to published δ13C and δ18O records of multiple single‐species planktic foraminifera from the same site and benthic foraminifera from an adjacent site. Bulk sediment δ13C and δ18O records represent a mixed signal dominated by reticulofenestrid coccolith calcite but modified by variable amounts of different foraminifera. Similarities and differences between stable isotope records result from temporal changes in water chemistry and temperature, depths of calcite precipitation, and vital effects that impact fractionation of various biogenic components. The remarkable correlation of bulk stable isotope records within the EEP suggests that several factors change collectively over time across a broad oceanographic region. Ideally, multiple stable isotope records coupled with other proxy measurements might lead to an internally consistent paleoceanographic perspective of the EEP since the late Miocene.
Designing flow regimes to support entire river ecosystems

Overcoming the challenges of water scarcity will require creative approaches to flow management and modeling approaches that forecast the effects of management actions on multiple ecosystem components simultaneously. Using a mechanistic multispecies modeling approach, we investigated the cross-ecosystem effects of environmental flow regimes designed for specific ecosystem outcomes. We reveal tradeoffs associated with flow regimes targeting riparian vegetation, fishes, and invertebrates. The different frequencies associated with each flow regime in some cases caused non-target ecosystem components to become locally extirpated within short (decadal) timespans. By incorporating multiple flow frequencies (from intraannual-scale pulses to large decadal-scale floods), the natural flow regime enabled a balanced but sub-optimal response of the three ecosystem components (mean 72% of designer flow). Although returning to a natural flow regime may not be possible in highly managed rivers, novel flow regimes must incorporate diverse frequencies inherent to such a regime and accommodate the sometimes conflicting requirements of different taxa at different times.
Toxoplasmosis and Public Health Genomics

Toxoplasma gondii infection generally causes flu-like symptoms in healthy individuals; however, immunosuppression of the infected individual causes reactivation of the pathogen to its active form and relapse of the toxoplasmosis. Today it is known that toxoplasmosis triggers psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia as well as behavioral changes such as suicide attempts. Although dermatological manifestations are very rare, the dermatological lesions are not unique. In addition, previous toxoplasma infection also causes congenital infections because of placental infection and causes birth defects and spontaneous abortion. T. gondii strains are mainly divided into three main clonal lineages, yet higher recombination rate causes unusual population structure and hetero- geneous distribution of the pathogen. Both genetic variations, of the pathogen and the patients, are important for virulence property and success of the therapies. The scientist focuses on the genetic variations of the pathogens and individuals to achieve effective treatment and developed tailor-made medicines. Thus, understanding the molecular basis of the disease and the link of molecular mechanism with host immunity is important to fully know the disease and related disorders. In this chapter, we would like to evaluate the current knowledge on genetic, molecular characteristics of toxoplasmosis in view of public health genomics.
Effect of Business Regulatory Procedures on Growth of Youth Òwned Small Medium Enterprises in Kenya: A Case Study of Ruiru Sub County

Studies in Kenya regarding registration and certification of SMEs demonstrate a complex and tedious process that require money and time. This study aims at assessing the influence of registration procedures on growth of youth owned SMEs in Ruiru Sub-County, Kiambu County in Kenya. A descriptive survey design was adopted for this study. This study targeted all the 571 SMEs run by Youths in Ruiru town and have benefited from the Youth Development Fund. A sample size of 235 respondents operating in Ruiru Sub-County market, Kiambu County, Kenya was selected. Questionnaires were administered to the youths who were sampled. Priori coding and descriptive statistics was utilized in analyzing the data collected. Analyzed data was then presented using appropriate frequency tables illustrating the registration factors that influence the growth of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya with a specific reference to SMES within Ruiru SubCounty market. From the study findings, the key steps that the SMEs were supposed to go through so as to begin operations in Ruiru Sub-County are business permit from the local authority, business name registration, PIN from Kenya Revenue Authority and stamp duty registration. The cost of the registration procedures is very high and highly complex while the process of obtaining approvals for doing business is very challenging in Ruiru Sub-County. From the study findings it can be concluded that registration procedures influence the growth of youth owned SMEs in Ruiru SubCounty.
Instrumental Procedures for the Evaluation of Juiciness in Peach and Nectarine Cultivars for Fresh Consumption

There is growing interest within the peach and nectarine markets in obtaining and selling ready-to-eat fruits. For this, pre-ripening protocols are being applied, which do not always result in sufficiently juicy fruits. Therefore, the aim of this study is the development of objective instrumental procedures for quantification of the juiciness attributes of these fruits. In this work, we evaluated the juiciness of more than 2000 fruits belonging to 20 of the varieties of greatest interest in the southeast of Spain. An instrumental mechanical procedure based on the confined compression of a pulp specimen of known volume was designed and optimized. Instrumental juiciness was defined as the wet area (cm2) on an absorbent paper located under the compression probe. This test allowed for the defining of objective thresholds for the identification of juicy fruits; 90% of the fruits with areas higher than 5.4 cm2 were considered to be juicy. Complementarily, non-invasive supervision by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, based on pulp structural changes during ripening, allowed for estimation of the instrumental juiciness with coefficients of correlation above 0.83. The results of these instrumental procedures contribute to supporting decision tools in the logistics chain of stone fruits.
A Theoretical Inquiry into the Ethics of Mathematics Teaching

This paper explores the ethics of the mathematics teacher, starting from the ethical obligations that all human being and professionals share towards those in their care. Most notably this involves a duty of care for students, since teachers can be the most influential persons after their parents. The ethics of mathematics teaching is analysed as concerning the aims of school mathematics, the selection of pedagogy, and the selection of content. The equal treatment of all students is also a central principle, although there are ethical dilemmas posed by the spread of achievement levels in mathematics. The ethical content of school mathematics itself is also considered, although this is a controversial issue. The paper notes that the modern tendency is for teachers to be viewed almost as technicians delivering the centrally decided mathematics curriculum. This paper argues that teachers have ethical agency which can and should still be exercised while meeting professional and institutional obligations.