Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Antenna Placement and Antibiotic Treatment on Loss of Simulated Transmitters and Mortality in Hybrid Striped Bass

Abstract We compared the effects of two antenna placements (trailing and nontrailing) and antibiotic treatments (treated and nontreated) on mortality and transmitter loss in hybrid striped bass Morone saxatilis × M. chrysops (364 ± 28 mm total length, 645 ± 129 g (mean ± SD)) implanted with simulated transmitters and held in the laboratory for 90 d. Although antibiotic treatment significantly increased the time to first mortality in fish surgically implanted with simulated transmitters (by an average of 14 d), we did not detect an effect on cumulative mortality. We also did not detect an effect of antenna type on the time to first mortality, but cumulative mortality was higher in the trailing antenna groups (50%) than in the nontrailing antenna groups (12%). Three transmitters were expelled during the study, all from trailing-antenna treatment groups, indicating a significant effect of antenna placement on the level of transmitter expulsion. Antibiotic treatment appears to be effective in preventing initi.
Investigation of a Possible Sexual Function Specialization in the Lowbush Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton. Ericaceae)

SUMMARY Commercial lowbush blueberry fields contain several clonal plants; of these Vaccinium angustifolium (Aiton) is frequently the dominant. The V. angustifolium component is typified by a mosaic of distinct genotypes, commonly called clones, which tend to vary dramatically in fruit production from one to another. The objective of this study was to examine the seed and berry production of forty-three select clones of V. angustifolium which exhibit a wide range of berry yield. For each clone, seed set and pollen viability were measured. A significant positive relationship was found between berry weight and the number of large plump seeds per berry. However, a significant negative relationship was found between the production of large plump seeds and viable pollen tetrads. The results of this study suggest that these select clones of V. angustifolium may be separating female floral function from male floral function.
Interstitial fauna of the Galapagos: Typhlopolycystidinae (Platyhelminthes Polycystididae)

Three new species belonging to two new genera of Typhlopolycystidinae Evdonin 1977 from the Galapagos are described: Myobulla myobulla n. gen. n. sp. , M. dunata n. sp. and Sabulirhynchus axi n. gen. n. sp. The general anatomy closely resembles that of Limipolycystis Schilke 1970. However, Myobulla is characterised by the presence of a muscular knob with four hard teeth on the bursal stalk, while Sabulirhynchus has a pear-shaped seminal receptacle and lacks an accessory glandular organ. The Myobulla species differ from each other in the shape and dimensions of the stylet; S. axi has a plate-like stylet. An undescribed species of Limipolycystis is mentioned but is not described because we lack good material. The subfamily Typhlopolycystidinae is briefly discussed; diagnoses for the new taxa and an emended diagnosis for the subfamily are given. Limipolycystis swedmarki Karling 1978 is transferred to the genus Myobulla: as M. swedmar- ki (Karling 1978) n. comb. The name Lagenopolycystis n. nom. is proposed to replace Lagenorhynchus Brunet 1965, a junior synonym of Lagenorhynchus Gray 1846.
Qualidade de tomates de mesa cultivados em sistema orgânico e convencional no estado de Goiás

A agricultura orgânica e um metodo de cultivo que visa o estabelecimento de sistemas agricolas ecologicamente equilibrados e estaveis, economicamente produtivos e de elevada eficiencia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as caracteristicas fisicas, fisico-quimicas e sensoriais de cultivares de tomate de mesa cultivados em sistema orgânico e convencional. Dois experimentos foram realizados; no primeiro dez cultivares foram plantadas em sistema orgânico e os frutos em estadio de maturacao 3 (quando apresentavam 60 a 90% na coloracao roseo-vermelha ou vermelha da casca) foram avaliados quanto as caracteristicas fisicas e sensoriais, e a polpa (mesocarpo) em relacao as caracteristicas fisico-quimicas. No segundo, a cultivar Debora produzida nos sistemas orgânico e convencional foi comparada quanto as mesmas caracteristicas. Os maiores teores de solidos soluveis (SS) foram observados nas cultivares Milenium, Andreia e Tathy 1, seguidas pelas cultivares Giovanna 1, Colibri, Debora, Setcopa e Bonus 1. Os menores valores de acidez total (AT) foram verificados nas cultivares Colibri, Andrea, Tathy 1, Debora e Setcopa, que nao diferiram entre si (p>0,05) e tambem nao diferiram das cultivares Bonus-1 e Stillus. As cultivares Andrea e Tathy 1 apresentaram as maiores relacoes SS/AT, nao diferindo (p>0,05) das cultivares Debora, Setcopa e Colibri. A cultivar Debora, cultivada no sistema orgânico, foi a mais preferida em relacao aos atributos textura (maciez), cor externa e interna, alem de apresentar a menor acidez, maior relacao SS/AT e densidade. Conclui-se que mais se destacaram ao nivel das necessidades do produtor (maior massa e densidade) as cultivares Setcopa, Milenium, Giovanna 1, Stillus, Thaty 1 e Colibri, enquanto que para o consumidor, cuja necessidade esta mais voltada aos aspectos sensoriais e fisico-quimicos (cor, aroma, sabor, textura, solidos soluveis e acidez), destacaram-se as cultivares Debora, Bonus-1, Andrea, Setcopa, Stillus, Thaty 1 e Colibri. A cultivar Debora obteve menor massa, volume e diâmetro longitudinal quando cultivada em sistema orgânico, assim como maior teor de solidos soluveis e menor acidez, que refletiu em maior aceitacao quanto ao aroma, sabor e textura pelos consumidores.
The thermosome from Methanopyrus kandleri possesses an NH.es+.rb.ei4.rb‐dependent ATPase activity

: The ATPase activity of the thermosome from a methanogen, Methanopyrus kandleri, was characterized in detail. In contrast to all other known chaperonins, enzymatic ATP hydrolysis was found to be strictly dependent on high levels of ammonium salts in vitro. The ths gene encoding the thermosome subunit from the hyperthermophilic M. kandleri was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli and the overproduced polypeptide was assembled into intact thermosome complexes in the mesophilic host. The recombinant particles could be purified by a simple two-step procedure including only one chromatographic step. Structural and biochemical properties of the recombinant protein were closely similar to those of the natural complex. Western blot analysis with an antiserum against the M. kandleri thermosome indicated the presence of at least two subfamilies of archaeal chaperonins.
Stock Origin of Migratory Atlantic Sturgeon in Minas Basin, Inner Bay of Fundy, Canada, Determined by Microsatellite and Mitochondrial DNA Analyses

Abstract Five distinct population segments of Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus were recently listed (April 2012) as endangered or threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Atlantic sturgeon are anadromous, spawning occurs in rivers from the St. Lawrence River, Quebec, to the Satilla River, Georgia, and subadults and adults undertake extensive coastal migrations. Bycatch of Atlantic sturgeon in coastal fisheries may have resulted in the slowed or failed rebuilding of many populations despite the imposition of a U.S. federal moratorium on their harvest in 1998. Canada's Bay of Fundy hosts weir and trawl fisheries which bycatch Atlantic sturgeon of unknown origin. Additionally, tidal power development projects for the Bay of Fundy have been proposed which could detrimentally impact migratory sturgeon. We hypothesized that the Atlantic sturgeon that occur in Minas Basin in the Bay of Fundy are of local Saint John River, New Brunswick, origin with little or no U.S. contribution. We used microsate.
The fish fauna of streams in the Madeira-Purus interfluvial region, Brazilian Amazon

Small headwaters streams of the Neotropical region usually have high species richness and diversity. This study aimed to investigate the species composition and abundance of fish fauna in the headwaters streams of the Madeira-Purus interfluvial plain in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 22 streams of 1st to 3rd order were sampled during two expeditions at two separate locations in April-May and July of 2007. A total of 5508 fishes were captured using hand and small seine nets, belonging to 78 species, 22 families and six orders. Characiformes was the most diverse taxonomic group in the samples, followed by Gymnotiformes and Siluriformes. Our findings indicate that the fish fauna of streams in the Madeira- Purus interfluvial plain is both rich and diverse and should be considered during the implementation of strengthened environmental conservation strategies in this region.
High temperature, darkness, and drought predispose black spruce seedlings to gray mold

Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. :Fr. developed in seedlings of black spruce (Picea mariana BSP) that were subjected to high temperatures (30–45 °C) in darkness or to drought conditions immediately before inoculation with the pathogen (106 conidia/mL). Incidence and density of spore production of B. cinerea in needles of the treated seedlings increased, and chlorophyll content decreased, with duration of the preinoculation treatments. Gray mold did not develop in seedlings subjected to preinoculation high temperature in the light, and also failed to develop in seedlings that were kept at 1–20 °C in light or darkness with adequate water, inoculated with 103–107 conidia of B. cinerea/mL, then subjected to a range of postinoculation humid periods (0–48 h) at various constant temperatures (12, 20, and 28 °C) in light or darkness. Regression models were developed to describe the incidence and density of sporulation of B. cinerea and chlorophyll content in seedling needles as functions of the level and.
Studies on the Production of an Exfoliative Toxin by Staphylococcus intermedius

Summary Isolates of Staphylococcus (S.) intermedius from the pustules of 54 dogs with superficial pyoderma were screened for their ability to produce an extracellular substance called exfoliative toxin. This toxin should be comparable to toxins produced by strains of S. aureus and S. hyicus isolated from certain skin diseases in humans and pigs respectively. However, neither with the bioassay using suckling mice, nor in vitro using specimens of canine skin, could an exfoliative toxin be demonstrated in concentrated culture supernatants of S. intermedius broth cultures. The typical splitting of the epidermis at the level of the stratum granulosum could be induced in the skin of suckling mice both in vivo and in vitro with CCS of toxigenic S. aureus reference strains.
Status, distribution and use of threatened tree species in the walnut-fruit forests of Kyrgyzstan

Information is lacking on the status of threatened tree species in Central Asia. This paper aims to provide preliminary information for 10 fruit and nut tree species of Kyrgyzstan. A field survey was conducted throughout the range of walnut-fruit forests in this country, supported by a socio-economic survey. Results indicated that species differed markedly in abundance. Whereas Malus sieversii was found in all locations, four species (Crataegus pontica,Pistacia vera,Pyrus korshinskyi and Sorbus persica) were only found in a minority ( ≤ 30%) of sites. Four species showed evidence of a bimodal distribution of stem diameters, which could be attributed to fuelwood harvesting, as indicated by the socio-economic survey. A majority of respondents reported a decline in the available grazing resource, a decline in the availability of harvested fruits and an increase in time required to collect fuelwood over the past decade. These results suggest that unsustainable land-use practices may be impacting negatively on populations of threatened fruit tree species. These results highlight the need to regulate local forest use to ensure that threatened fruit and nut tree species are effectively conserved, and the need for targeted actions to conserve the most threatened species, such as P. korshinskyi.
DNA looping by the SfiI restriction endonuclease

Abstract The SfiI endonuclease has to interact with two copies of its recognition sequence before it can cleave DNA. To demonstrate that the reaction of SfiI on a DNA with two sites involves the formation of a DNA loop, and to characterise the looping interactions on supercoiled and linear DNA, a series of plasmids was constructed with lengths of DNA between two SfiI sites varying from 104 to 211 bp. Both supercoiled and linear forms of each DNA were tested as substrates for SfiI. The reactions were monitored from the rates of DNA cleavage and from the generation of partially cleaved products, the latter indicating loop disruption before cleavage of both sites. On both supercoiled and linear DNA, the stabilities of the complexes spanning two SfiI sites varied in sinusoidal fashion with the distance between the sites, in the manner characteristic of a process governed by the helical periodicity of DNA. In all cases, the looping interaction was stabilised by DNA supercoiling. The sinusoidal variation fromSfiI reactions on supercoiled DNA at 50°C yielded a helical repeat of about 11.5 base-pairs per turn.
Genomic Analysis of Aminotransferases in Arabidopsis thaliana

Aminotransferases are an important and diverse group of proteins. Of the approximately 25,000 predicted proteins in the Arabidopsis proteome, it is estimated that 4,000 are involved in cellular metabolism. Sequence analyses predict that roughly one percent of the “metabolism” sequences of Arabidopsis encode aminotransferases. Many plant aminotransferase genes have been identified, and their corresponding gene products have been localized and characterized. These studies have implicated aminotransferase reactions in a diverse variety of pathways in plants, including such primary metabolic pathways as amino acid biosynthesis and catabolism, photorespiration, and vitamin biosynthesis, as well as carbon and nitrogen shuttles, and plant stress responses. Thus, these enzymes may be reasonable targets for metabolic engineering to produce crop varieties with enhanced stress resistance and nutrient content. In addition, several aminotransferases that are absent from animals may be excellent targets for herbicides. The first part of this review focuses on recent progress on the identification and characterization of aminotransferases from Arabidopsis and other plants. There is still much to learn about plant aminotransferases; in Arabidopsis more than 40% of the aminotransferase-like sequences remain uncharacterized. The second part of this review discusses uncharacterized aminotransferase-like sequences in the Arabidopsis genome. Although it is not yet possible to predict the reactions catalyzed by these uncharacterized aminotransferases based on sequence alone, potential functions of these putative aminotransferases are discussed in light of sequence motifs, publicly available transcript expression data, and sequence similarity to characterized homologs from other organisms.
Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 2. The Basal Angiosperms1

Abstract Recently, evolutionary relationships among the five major lineages of the basal angiosperms, i.e., Amborellanae, Nymphaeanae, Austrobaileyanae, Magnolianae, and Ceratophyllanae, still remain incompletely or controversially resolved. This study reviews and reevaluates the origin, evolution, and systematic significance of pollen morphology in basal angiosperms. Pollen grains from 34 species of 31 genera in 23 families of the basal angiosperms are investigated, using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), to illustrate the pollen diversity across the grade. Pollen data for 57 genera, representing all nine orders and 28 families of the basal angiosperms, were obtained from previous work and new investigations and were used to optimize character states onto recent molecular phylogenetic estimates. Two 18-character datasets were generated: a comprehensively coded dataset optimized with Fitch parsimony onto 12 recent phylogenies with differing topologies to evaluate the degree of pollen systematic significance of each topology, and a democratically coded dataset optimized by using Fitch parsimony, maximum likelihood, and hierarchical Bayesian inference onto a single recent phylogeny based on molecular data from Soltis et al. to evaluate the disparity of pollen evolutionary patterns among the three methods. Pollen morphology of the basal angiosperms is highly diverse, particularly in terms of pollen size, aperture number, aperture position, ectoaperture shape, tectum sculpture, and infratectal structure. Based on both datasets, the plesiomorphic pollen type for angiosperms was inferred to comprise monads of heteropolar, spheroidal, mono-apertural grains, with distal, colpate apertures, sculptured aperture membranes, and an infratectum and foot layer. Of the basal angiosperm phylogenies considered, when taxon sampling is taken into account, pollen characters provide greatest support for the topology represented in the three-mitochondrial-gene study from Qiu et al., in terms of number of synapomorphies plus what we term “likely synapomorphies” in which the subtending node is ambiguous and, therefore, the exact position of the synapomorphy is ambiguous. Thirty-six various lineages above family level are supported by pollen morphological synapomorphies or likely synapomorphies. We discuss the systematic significance of pollen morphology in basal angiosperm clades including the ANITA group (Amborellaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Schisandraceae, Trimeniaceae, and Austrobaileyaceae), Ceratophyllales, Chloranthales, and magnoliids, as well as in related lineages, i.e., monocots and basal eudicots. We also discuss present limitations in inferring the evolutionary history of pollen morphology in basal angiosperms.
Morpho-physiological Response of Selected Brassica Lines to Moisture Stress

Drought tolerance potential of five F10 brassica lines derived from interspecific crosses involving three genotypes of B. napus, two of B. juncea and one of B. carinata was assessed under green house conditions during crop season 1992-93. Relative leaf water contents (RLWC) were significantly altered by the three levels of moisture stress at flowering stage but genotypic differences were significant at the pod formation stage only. Leaf water potential (LWP) decreased with increasing stress and increased with age from flowering to pod stage. Under stress conditions plants generally took longer to complete 100% flowering, however, maturity was not significantly delayed. Brassica juncea was the earliest in reaching maturity followed by B. carinata and B. napus, respectively, while lines showed little differences. Leaf area decreased significantly with moisture stress, Whereas genotypic differences were significant for pod length, number of pods/main stock and number of secondary branches and non-significant for number of seed/pod and grain yield/plant. The Lines AY and WY derived from crosses between Altex X Yellow Raya and Westar x Yellow Raya, respectively were proved to be stress tolerant.
Growth of peanut roots under field conditions.

The largest detriment to crop productivity in many environments is available water. Biomass accumulation is proportional to water moving through the plant, i.e., transpiration. The supply of water for crop biomass accumulation is provided from the soil reservoir by the root system. Our objective was to quantify peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) root growth over time by depth and lateral spread in the soil profile. By soil coring techniques, we determined the growth of roots, in response to irrigation treatments imposed under field conditions, of two virginia-, runner-type peanut cultivars over time. Root length density (RLD) and root weight density (RWD) in the soil profile were not significantly different between cultivars or among irrigation treatments []
CHANGE DETECTION IN BRAZILIAN SAVANNAS USING SEMIVARIOGRAMS DERIVED FROM NDVI IMAGES

The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is often used to extract information from vegetated areas since it is directly related to vegetation parameters such as percent of ground cover, photosynthetic activity of the plant and leaf area index. The aim of this paper was to analyze the potencial of semivariograms generated from NDVI values to detect changes in vegetated areas, analyzing their behavior (shape) and derived metrics (range, sill and nugget). Semivariograms were generated from NDVI values derived from Landsat TM images of May 2010, June 2010 and July 2011. The study area is located in the northern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and is covered by Brazilian savannas vegetation, totalizing 1,596 ha. Semivariograms were generated after the exploratory data analysis. Models were fitted, validated and their metrics analyzed. The results showed a very clear trend where the shape of semivariograms, sill and range were different when deforestation occurred and were similar when the area had not been changed. The model that generated best fit was the Gaussian, however, the three models tested showed behavior that makes it possible to detect changes in vegetation. It suggests that further researches should explore the degree to which the semivariogram can be used to quantify this spatial variability as well as to analyze the influence of sazonality for changing detection in vegetated areas.
Pathogenic and genetic variability among Colletotrichum lindemuthianum isolates of different geographic origins

The pathogenic and genetic diversity of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum isolates collected from a total of 10 Central and South American, European and African countries were characterized using common bean differential cultivar pathogenicity tests and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. On the basis of pathogenicity tests, 74 isolates were attributed to 30 different pathogenic races using the CIAT-defined binary race-classification system. Twenty-one races were restricted geographically, being exclusive to different countries. Race 9 was the most widespread, being detected in four different countries. Cluster analysis of consensus AFLP data generated using three selective AFLP primer combinations grouped 86 isolates (including the 74 subjected to pathogenicity tests) into three clusters (with one isolate as an outlier). This analysis showed that the majority of South and Central American isolates were divided among two clusters, and that the limited number of European and African isolates used in this study were genetically most similar to Central American isolates. Overall, the results of this research showed some associations between the genetic diversity of the isolates and their country of origin, but not between genetic diversity and race classification of isolates.