Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“I…Tell Her Not to Take Medicines”: Understanding Engagement in the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) Care Continuum through the Socio-Ecological Model

With ten percent of the world’s children living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV/ AIDS) in India, achieving elimination of parent/mother to-child transmission (EPTCT/EMTCT) is far away. Timely initiation and optimal adherence to the prevention of parent/mother to child transmission (PPTCT/PMTCT) may reduce new paediatric HIV infections to zero. This qualitative study applies the Socio-ecological Model (SEM) to understand country, region and context-specific factors influencing mothers’ engagement in the PMTCT care continuum. Maximum variation sampling and saturation tenets determined the sample size. An in-depth interview guide based on SEM “a priori” and emerging themes captured narratives of the parental dyad. The translated and transcribed audio records were coded by direct content analysis method, both manually and with Atlas Ti software. The coding reports were discussed for consensus and final analysis. Male partner, peers, community health workers (CHWs), hope for healthy baby, knowledge about HIV and preventive services, free anti-retroviral therapy, transportation and the early infant diagnosis (EID) tool influenced PMTCT care continuum. Testing and referral policies of the private sector facilitated internalized or self-stigma. Future interventions should seek to develop pregnant women’s support system by engaging male partners, peers, and CHWs. Strategies addressing private sector and community awareness about freely available HIV prevention and care programs may enable optimal PMTCT utilization.
Clinical Outcomes of Delayed Osteoarticular Tuberculosis: A Review of 30 Cases

Purpose The lack of knowledge regarding osteoarticular tuberculosis (TB) cases in Indonesia leads to delayed and chronic conditions. This study aims to evaluate clinical outcomes of patients with osteoarticular TB. Materials and Methods Thirty osteoarticular cases were retrospectively analyzed, with a focus on non-immunocompromised patients without spine involvement. Chemotherapy length, operative treatment method, and infection recurrence were evaluated. Results The majority (60%) of patients were aged between 19 to 49 years. The most common complaint was painful swelling, particularly during physical activity. Weight-bearing joints, such as the hips, knees, and ankles, were the most affected. Laboratory results showed over half of the patients had anemia, 96% had elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and 76% had elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Radiological findings varied, with lytic lesions, abscesses, and joint destruction observed. All patients presented with pathognomonic histological tubercle appearances, with caseous necrosis, lymphocytes, and Langhans giant cells present. Twenty-nine cases were treated with anti-TB drugs for 12 months, while one recurrent case received the drugs for 24 months. All patients underwent surgery to gain local infection control. Conclusion Osteoarticular TB is a common manifestation of extrapulmonary TB and must not be overlooked. Early detection of osteoarticular TB may prevent limb morbidity. Although anti-TB drugs are the primary treatment for osteoarticular TB, in some cases, surgery is required to establish a diagnosis and gain local infection control.
Advancing AI-based pan-European groundwater monitoring

The main challenge of pan-European groundwater (GW) monitoring is the sparsity of collated water table depth (wtd) observations. The wtd anomaly (wtda ) is a measure of the increased wtd due to droughts. Combining long short-term memory (LSTM) networks and transfer learning (TL), we propose an AI-based methodology LSTM-TL to produce reliable wtda estimates at the European scale in the absence of consistent wtd observational data sets. The core idea of LSTM-TL is to transfer the modeled relationship between wtda and input hydrometeorological forcings to the observation-based estimation, in order to provide reliable wtda estimates for regions with no or sparse wtd observations. With substantially reduced computational cost compared to physically-based numerical models, LSTM-TL obtained wtda estimates in good agreement with in-situ wtda measurements from 2569 European GW monitoring wells, showing r ⩾ 0.5, root-mean-square error ⩽1.0 and Kling-Gupta efficiency ⩾0.3 at about or more than half of the pixels. Based on the reconstructed long-term European monthly wtda data from the early 1980s to the near present, we provide the first estimate of seasonal wtda trends in different European regions, that is, significant drying trends in central and eastern Europe, which facilitates the understanding of historical GW dynamics in Europe. The success of LSTM-TL in estimating wtda also highlights the advantage of combining AI techniques with knowledge contained in physically-based numerical models in hydrological studies.
CO-EVOLUTION OF GALAXIES AND CENTRAL BLACK HOLES: OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE ON THE TRIGGER OF AGN FEEDBACK

A comprehensive analysis of the extended emission-line region (EELR) around quasars is presented. A new Subaru/Suprime-Cam observation is combined with a literature search, resulting in a compilation of 81 EELR measurements for type-1 and type-2 quasars with an associated active galactic nucleus (AGN) and host galaxy properties. It is found that the EELR phenomenon shows clear correlation with the Eddington ratio, which links EELR to the constituents of principal component 1, or eigenvector 1, of the AGN emission correlations. We also find that EELR is preferentially associated with gas-rich, massive blue galaxies. This supports the idea that the primary determinant of EELR creation is gas availability and that the gas may be brought in by galaxy merger, triggering the current star formation as well as AGN activity, and also gives an explanation for the fact that most luminous EELRs are found around radio-loud sources with low Eddington ratio. By combining all the observations, it is suggested that EELR quasars occupy the massive blue corner of the green valley, the AGN realm, on the galaxy color–stellar mass diagram. Once a galaxy is pushed to this corner, an activated AGN would create an EELR by energy injection into the interstellar gas and eventually blow it away, leading to star formation quenching. The results presented here provide a piece of evidence for the presence of such an AGN feedback process, which may play a leading role in the co-evolution of galaxies and central super-massive black holes.
Implementation of machine learning strategies for determination of finite width correction factors for orthotropic plates containing central hole

Design of aviation products made of composite materials rely on damage tolerance strength allowables. A common industry practice is the usage of open hole specimens to determine the allowed strain levels for the design. However, if the design introduces a case of an edge distance that is shorter than that of the specimen that was used to determine the strength allowables, a finite width correction factor should be applied to the damage tolerance strength allowables. Such factor depends not only upon the edge distance, but also upon the layup. To this end, a machine learning based methodology is proposed in this study to obtain the finite width correction factor for any given set of layup and geometrical properties. Such approach can efficiently provide an accurate prediction of the finite width correction factor with relatively small amount of test or simulation data. The methodology also includes a procedure to determine the number of required training data points. Three different machine learning algorithms were used in this study, all providing very similar predicted regressions of the entire domain studied. Finite width correction factors carpet plots were produced for IM7/8552 composite, allowing the designer to easily obtain the required correction factor based on the layup and geometrical characteristics.
Decision problems, complexity, traces, and representations

In this article, we study connections between representation theory and efficient solutions to the conjugacy problem on infinitely generated groups. The main focus is on the conjugacy problem in conjugacy separable groups, where we measure efficiency in terms of the size of the quotients required to distinguish a distinct pair of conjugacy classes.
Quality-of-Life Assessment of Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization in Kazakhstan

Infertility is a problem that affects millions of couples worldwide and has a significant impact on their quality of life. The recently introduced “Fertility Quality of Life Questionnaire (FertiQoL)” quickly became a gold standard for evaluation of the quality of life of patients suffering from infertility. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of life of Kazakhstani women coping with infertility problems by FertiQoL and assess the validity of the questionnaire. This cross-sectional study involved women of reproductive age undergoing an in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle at a large IVF center in Kazakhstan in the period from 1 September 2020 to 31 September 2021. A total of 453 women out of 500 agreed to participate in the study, and the response rate was 90.6%. The overall Core FertiQoL was 56.95 ± 14.05, and the Treatment FertiQoL was 66.18 ± 11.13 points. Respondents with secondary infertility had statistically significantly higher Emotional (p < 0.001), Mind–body (p = 0.03), Social (p < 0.001), Environment (p = 0.02), and Treatment (p < 0.001) domains of FertiQoL than women with primary infertility. Respondents with a low income had the lowest levels of Total FertiQoL (56.72 ± 11.65). The longer duration of infertility of women undergoing IVF treatment presented the worse scale of Treatment and Total FertiQoL. Cronbach’s alpha revealed good internal reliability for all FertiQoL subscales on the Kazakhstan women’s questionnaire and averaged 0.8, which is an indicator of a high degree of reliability. The Total FertiQoL of Kazakhstan women undergoing IVF treatment was 59.6 ± 11.5, which is considerably lower than European countries. We identified statistically significant differences across medical and demographic groups. As this questionnaire had validity in Kazakhstan survey it possibly be used for both medical counseling and future investigation in our country.
What is the probability that direct detection experiments have observed dark matter?

In Dark Matter direct detection we are facing the situation of some experiments reporting positive signals which are in conflict with limits from other experiments. Such conclusions are subject to large uncertainties introduced by the poorly known local Dark Matter distribution. We present a method to calculate an upper bound on the joint probability of obtaining the outcome of two potentially conflicting experiments under the assumption that the Dark Matter hypothesis is correct, but completely independent of assumptions about the Dark Matter distribution. In this way we can quantify the compatibility of two experiments in an astrophysics independent way. We illustrate our method by testing the compatibility of the hints reported by DAMA and CDMS-Si with the limits from the LUX and SuperCDMS experiments. The method does not require Monte Carlo simulations but is mostly based on using Poisson statistics. In order to deal with signals of few events we introduce the so-called ``signal length'' to take into account energy information. The signal length method provides a simple way to calculate the probability to obtain a given experimental outcome under a specified Dark Matter and background hypothesis.
Elasto-Inertial Particle Focusing in Microchannel with T-Shaped Cross-Section

Recently, particle manipulation in non-Newtonian fluids has attracted increasing attention because of a good particle focusing toward the mid-plane of a channel. In this research, we proposed a simple and robust fabrication method to make a microchannel with various T-shaped cross-sections for particle focusing and separation in a viscoelastic solution. SU-8-based soft lithography was used to form three different types of microchannels with T-shaped cross-sections, which enabled self-alignment and plasma bonding between two PDMS molds. The effects of the flow rate and geometric shape of the cross-sections on particle focusing were evaluated in straight microchannels with T-shaped cross-sections. Moreover, by taking images from the top and side part of the channels, it was possible to confirm the position of the particles three-dimensionally. The effects of the corner angle of the channel and the aspect ratio of the height to width of the T shape on the elasto-inertial focusing phenomenon were evaluated and compared with each other using numerical simulation. Simulation results for the particle focusing agreed well with the experimental results both in qualitatively and quantitatively. Furthermore, the numerical study showed a potential implication for particle separation depending on its size when the aspect ratio of the T-shaped microchannel and the flow rate were appropriately leveraged.
The Deubiquitinating Enzyme USP48 Interacts with the Retinal Degeneration-Associated Proteins UNC119a and ARL3

Proteins related to the ubiquitin-proteasome system play an important role during the differentiation and ciliogenesis of photoreceptor cells. Mutations in several genes involved in ubiquitination and proteostasis have been identified as causative of inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) and ciliopathies. USP48 is a deubiquitinating enzyme whose role in the retina is still unexplored although previous studies indicate its relevance for neurosensory organs. In this work, we describe that a pool of endogenous USP48 localises to the basal body in retinal cells and provide data that supports the function of USP48 in the photoreceptor cilium. We also demonstrate that USP48 interacts with the IRD-associated proteins ARL3 and UNC119a, and stabilise their protein levels using different mechanisms. Our results suggest that USP48 may act in the regulation/stabilisation of key ciliary proteins for photoreceptor function, in the modulation of intracellular protein transport, and in ciliary trafficking to the photoreceptor outer segment.
Canoe polo Athletes’ Anthropometric, Physical, Nutritional, and Functional Characteristics and Performance in a Rowing Task: Cross-Sectional Study

Understanding the physical, functional, mental, and nutritional attributes of canoe polo athletes is essential for training and development. Forty-three canoe polo athletes (mean age: 21.54 ± 6.03) participated in the study and were assessed for: anthropometric measurements, exercise motivation, eating habits, adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, and physical and functional abilities. Correlation and multivariate analysis were conducted. Individual performance in a rowing task showed body mass index (β = 0.41) and female gender (β = 0.34) to be the strongest anthropometric predictors, whereas body fat (β = −0.35) and triceps brachii skinfold fatty tissue (β = −0.35) were the strongest negative predictors. Pushing strength (β = 0.37) and range of motion with internal rotation (β = 0.30) were the strongest physical predictors. The physical dimension of the Exercise Motivation Index was a significant psychosocial predictor (β = 0.27). Senior participants had a higher waist–hip ratio (p = 0.04, d = 0.66), arm circumference (p = 0.03, d = 0.68), handgrip strength (p < 0.01, d = 1.27), and push strength (p < 0.01, d = 1.42) than under 21-year-olds. Understanding the highlighted sport-specific characteristics of canoe polo athletes can help trainers to design programs at all levels to optimize performance.
Spectral footprints of impurity scattering in graphene nanoribbons

We report a detailed investigation of the interplay between size quantization and local scattering centers in graphene nanoribbons, as seen in the local density of states. The spectral signatures, obtained after Fourier transformation of the local density of states, include characteristic peaks that can be related to the transverse modes of the nanoribbon. In armchair ribbons, the Fourier transformed density of states of one of the two inequivalent sublattices takes a form similar to that of a quantum channel in a two-dimensional electron gas, modified according to the differences in band structure. After addition of the second sublattice contribution, a characteristic modulation of the pattern due to superposition is obtained, similar to what has been obtained in spectra due to single impurity scattering in large-area graphene. We present analytic results for the electron propagator in armchair nanoribbons in the Dirac approximation, including a single scattering center within a T-matrix formulation. For comparison, we have extended the investigation with numerics obtained with an atomistic recursive Green's function approach. The spectral signatures of the atomistic approach include the effects of trigonal warping. The impurity induced oscillations in the local density of states are not decaying at large distance in few-mode nanoribbons.
Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals in Wet Deposition in a Typical Industry City Based on Multiple Models

Handan city as a transportation hub in North China, air quality ranks at the bottom all year round, causing environmental pollution that has aroused widespread concern. In order to explore the pollution characteristics and main sources of heavy metals in atmospheric wet deposition in the city, and comparison of the applicability of multiple traceability models, a total of 76 wet deposition samples were collected in the three functional areas from December 2017 to November 2019 by a dry and wet deposition automatic sampler. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb, and As were determined and enrichment factors were calculated. Sources of these heavy metals were apportioned by PMF, Unmix, and APCS-MLR models, and analyzed using a backward trajectory analysis model. The results showed that the concentrations of these heavy metals in the atmospheric wet deposition were in order of Zn, Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni, and As, and their mean concentrations were 29.53, 14.11, 9.18, 7.03, 6.41, and 1.21 μg·L−1, respectively. According to the results of EF, the studied heavy metals were mainly affected by anthropogenic activities. The source apportionment results showed that heavy metal pollution in the wet deposition was mainly affected by traffic sources, industrial sources, and coal combustion sources, and PMF identified an additional source factor: metal smelting source. By comparing the relevant parameters of the source apportionment results of the three models, the APCS-MLR model has better accuracy results than PMF and Unmix models. The analysis of the backward trajectory of the air mass showed that the wet deposition of Handan in the study time was mainly from the southwest direction, accounting for 54.35%. In the future, more evaluation methods and models will be used to compare and analyze the different application scenarios and parameter selection requirements in order to contribute to urban atmospheric environmental pollution prevention and control work.
Introduction to the Anisotropic Geometrodynamics

Physics and Geometry - Brief History of Relations Causality Relativity and Covariance Paradoxical Observations and Notions Anisotropic Metric and Space Gravitation Potential and Classical GRT Tests on the Galaxy Scale Cosmological Consequences Theory and Observations of the Optical-Metrical Parametric Resonance.
A SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF BLUE SUPERGIANT STARS IN THE SCULPTOR GALAXY NGC 55: CHEMICAL EVOLUTION AND DISTANCE

Low-resolution (4.5–5 Å) spectra of 58 blue supergiant stars distributed over the disk of the Magellanic spiral galaxy NGC 55 in the Sculptor group are analyzed by means of non-LTE techniques to determine stellar temperatures, gravities, and metallicities (from iron peak and α-elements). A metallicity gradient of −0.22 ± 0.06 dex/R25 is detected. The central metallicity on a logarithmic scale relative to the Sun is [Z] = −0.37 ± 0.03. A chemical evolution model using the observed distribution of column densities of the stellar and interstellar medium gas mass reproduces the observed metallicity distribution well and reveals a recent history of strong galactic mass accretion and wind outflows with accretion and mass-loss rates of the order of the star formation rate. There is an indication of spatial inhomogeneity in metallicity. In addition, the relatively high central metallicity of the disk confirms that two extraplanar metal-poor H ii regions detected in previous work 1.13 to 2.22 kpc above the galactic plane are ionized by massive stars formed in situ outside the disk. For a subsample of supergiants, for which Hubble Space Telescope photometry is available, the flux-weighted gravity–luminosity relationship is used to determine a distance modulus of 26.85 ± 0.10 mag.
Synthesis and Optimization of Superhydrophilic-Superoleophobic Chitosan–Silica/HNT Nanocomposite Coating for Oil–Water Separation Using Response Surface Methodology

In this current study, facile, one-pot synthesis of functionalised nanocomposite coating with simultaneous hydrophilic and oleophobic properties was successfully achieved via the sol–gel technique. The synthesis of this nanocomposite coating aims to develop a highly efficient, simultaneously oleophobic-hydrophilic coating intended for polymer membranes to spontaneously separate oil-in-water emulsions, therefore, mitigating the fouling issue posed by an unmodified polymer membrane. The simultaneous hydrophilicity-oleophobicity of the nanocoating can be applied onto an existing membrane to improve their capability to spontaneously separate oil-in-water substances in the treatment of oily wastewater using little to no energy and being environmentally friendly. The synthesis of hybrid chitosan–silica (CTS-Si)/halloysite nanotube (HNT) nanocomposite coating using the sol–gel method was presented, and the resultant coating was characterised using FTIR, XPS, XRD, NMR, BET, Zeta Potential, and TGA. The wettability of the nanocomposite coating was evaluated in terms of water and oil contact angle, in which it was coated onto a polymer substrate. The coating was optimised in terms of oil and water contact angle using Response Surface Modification (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD) theory. The XPS results revealed the successful grafting of organosilanes groups of HNT onto the CTS-Si denoted by a wide band between 102.6–103.7 eV at Si2p. FTIR spectrum presented significant peaks at 3621 cm−1; 1013 cm−1 was attributed to chitosan, and 787 cm−1 signified the stretching of Si-O-Si on HNT. 29Si, 27Al, and 13H NMR spectroscopy confirmed the extensive modification of the particle’s shells with chitosan–silica hybrid covalently linked to the halloysite nanotube domains. The morphological analysis via FESEM resulted in the surface morphology that indicates improved wettability of the nanocomposite. The resultant colloids have a high colloid stability of 19.3 mV and electrophoretic mobility of 0.1904 µmcm/Vs. The coating recorded high hydrophilicity with amplified oleophobic properties depicted by a low water contact angle (WCA) of 11° and high oil contact angle (OCA) of 171.3°. The optimisation results via RSM suggested that the optimised sol pH and nanoparticle loadings were pH 7.0 and 1.05 wt%, respectively, yielding 95% desirability for high oil contact angle and low water contact angle.