Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variable selection for semiparametric errors-in-variables regression model with longitudinal data

In this paper, we focus on the variable selection for the semiparametric regression model with longitudinal data when some covariates are measured with errors. A new bias-corrected variable selection procedure is proposed based on the combination of the quadratic inference functions and shrinkage estimations. With appropriate selection of the tuning parameters, we establish the consistency and asymptotic normality of the resulting estimators. Extensive Monte Carlo simulation studies are conducted to examine the finite sample performance of the proposed variable selection procedure. We further illustrate the proposed procedure with an application.
A new ridge-type estimator in stochastic restricted linear regression

In this paper, we propose a new ridge-type estimator called the weighted mixed ridge estimator by unifying the sample and prior information in linear model with additional stochastic linear restrictions. The new estimator is a generalization of the weighted mixed estimator [B. Schaffrin and H. Toutenburg, Weighted mixed regression, Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik 70 (1990), pp. 735–738] and ordinary ridge estimator (ORE) [A.E. Hoerl and R.W. Kennard, Ridge regression: Biased estimation for non-orthogonal problems, Technometrics 12 (1970), pp. 55–67]. The performances of this new estimator against the weighted mixed estimator, ORE and the mixed ridge estimator [Y.L. Li and H. Yang, A new stochastic mixed ridge estimator in linear regression, Stat. Pap. (2008) (in press, DOI 10.1007/s00362-008-0169-5)] are examined in terms of the mean squared error matrix sense. Finally, a numerical example and a Monte Carlo simulation are also given to show the theoretical results.
Bifurcations and chaos in a permanent-magnet synchronous motor

This brief studies dynamic characteristics of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The mathematical model of the PMSM is first derived, which is fit for carrying out the bifurcation and chaos analysis. Then, the steady-state characteristics of the system, when subject to constant input voltage and constant external torque, are formulated. Three cases are discussed and, for each case, conditions are derived under which the dynamic characteristics of the system are either of steady-state type, limit cycles or chaotic, thus by properly adjusting some system parameters, the system can exhibit limit cycles (LCs) or chaotic behaviors at will. Finally, computer simulations are presented to verify the existence of strange attractors in the PMSM.
Numerical Simulation of Hypersonic Shock-Induced Combustion Ramjets

Hypersonic air-breathing propulsion utilizing shock-induced combustion ramjets is investigated. Twodimensional geometries are simulated with planar and axisymmetric configurations, as well as external and mixed-compression configurations. The lower-upper Symmetric Gauss-Seidel scheme combined with a symmetric shock-capturing total variation diminishing scheme are used to solve the Euler equations, with nonequilibrium chemical reactions. The finite rate chemistry model includes 13 species (H2, O2, H, O, OH, H2O, HO2, H2O2, N, NO, HNO, N2, and NO2) and 33 reactions. The numerical method has been verified by comparison with H2/air induction delay times, analytical solutions to wedge problems, and exothermic blunt body flows. Results obtained with an inviscid, chemically nonequilibrium numerical approach and with realistic geometries demonstrate that shock-induced combustion can be used as a viable means of hypersonic propulsion. As part of the combustor design, it has also been numerically demonstrated that a minimum-entrop y, or Chapman-Jouguet condition exists for oblique-detonation waves generated by wedges in nonequilibrium chemically reacting H2/air flowfields.
Fermi-Pasta-Ulam problem revisited with a Bose-Einstein condensate

We consider the evolution of an interacting dilute Bose-Einstein condensate transferred from a harmonic trap to a perfect box of finite size. We study numerically the influence of the nonlinearities in the system on its dynamics. The parallelism between this problem and the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam problem in the context of matter waves is established. Criteria for the appearance of statistical behavior are discussed. We show that by increasing the nonlinearity we pass from a regime of collapses and revivals for the wave function to a regime of collapses and revivals of regular motion.
How the Incomplete Medicalization of Cannabis Shapes Patient Experiences

ABSTRACT The medicalization of cannabis is currently described as incomplete in that it is not firmly under the control of biomedicine and because the medical definition coexists with other constructions of the plant, namely the recreational and criminal. This study examines how this incomplete medicalization is experienced by considering the sentiments expressed in five focus groups of cannabis patients (N = 21). Results indicate patients perceive both advantages and disadvantages to the incomplete medicalization of cannabis. Patients report that the current structure of state medical cannabis programs restores person control, allowing them to reduce their reliance on pharmaceuticals while driving them to learn more about their health and treatment options. Yet patients also report negative experiences with mainstream healthcare providers ranging from scorn to discrimination. Nonetheless, patients in this study desire that state-endorsed medical cannabis programs continue in a post-prohibition society because the advantages are interpreted as outweighing any disadvantages.
MINIMALITY OF THE SYSTEM OF ROOT FUNCTIONS OF STURM-LIOUVILLE PROBLEMS WITH DECREASING AFFINE BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

We consider Sturm-Liouville problems with a boundary condition linearly dependent on the eigenparameter. We study the case of decreasing dependence where non-real and multiple eigenvalues are possible. By determining the explicit form of a biorthogonal system, we prove that the system of root (i.e. eigen and associated) functions, with an arbitrary element removed, is a minimal system in L2(0,1), except for some cases where this system is neither complete nor minimal.
Prenatal tobacco exposure associations with physical health and neurodevelopment in the ABCD cohort.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the strength and reproducibility of the teratogenic impact of prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) on child physical health and neurodevelopmental outcomes, in the context of intersecting sociodemographic and other prenatal correlates, and test if early postnatal health mediates PTE associations with childhood outcomes. METHOD Among 9-10-year-olds (N = 8,803) in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, linear mixed-effect models tested PTE associations with birth and childhood outcomes of physical health, cognitive performance, and brain structure, controlling for confounding sociodemographic and prenatal health correlates. Mediation analysis tested the extent to which health at birth explained the associations between PTE and childhood outcomes. RESULTS PTE was reported by 12% of mothers (8% [n = 738] pre-knowledge of pregnancy only, and 4% [n = 361] pre- and post-knowledge of pregnancy). PTE was highest for children with a risk for passive smoke exposure. Overall, children with any PTE had shorter breastfeeding durations than those without PTE, and PTE following knowledge of pregnancy was associated with being small for gestational age having lower birth weight, and obesity and lower cortical volume and surface area in childhood. Among children from high-parent education households, any PTE was related to lower cognitive performance, which was partially mediated by duration of breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS PTE was linked to poorer health indicators at birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 9-10 years in a large community cohort, independent of sociodemographic factors. Efficacious interventions for smoking-cessation during pregnancy are still needed and should incorporate support for breastfeeding to promote healthier development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Integral representation for the field of the wave propagating in a medium with random inhomogeneities of different scales

New method for wave propagation description in multi-scale random media is suggested. The method uses double Fourier transform of the observed wave field both in coordinates of receivers and those of the moving source (satellite). It is shown, that the suggested approach is consistent with known partial solutions: geometrical optics method and Born approximation in areas of their applicability. The method under consideration is valid in the case of strong fluctuation, caused by large-scale focusing inhomogeneities and in the same time describes backscattering effects. Characteristic for wave propagation in small-scale random media.
33 second X-ray pulsations in AE Aquarii.

The discovery of 33-s pulsations in the 0.1-4.0 keV light curve of the nova-like variable AE Aquarii is reported. These pulsations agree in period and phase with the optical pulsations. The periodicity probably originated from an accretion-induced hot spot on a rapidly rotating, magnetized white dwarf. It is possible that transient pulsations at nearby periods, similar to those seen in the optical light curve, are also present in the X-ray light curve.
Fermi surface of the ferromagnetic semimetal, EuB 6

We report the results of magnetoresistance and magnetization measurements on single crystal EuB{sub 6} for temperatures above and below the ferromagnetic ordering temperatures T{sub C}{sup +}=15.3 K and T{sub C}{sup {minus}}=12.5 K, in magnetic fields as large as 30 T. Shubnikov{endash}de Haas and de Haas{endash}van Alphen oscillations were observed with four fundamental frequencies. By comparison to band-structure calculations, we ascribe the orbits to small pockets of electrons and holes, centered at the {ital X} points. The effective masses and extremal areas of the pockets are in good agreement with the predictions of band-structure calculations. We conclude that EuB{sub 6} is an intrinsic semimetal and not a doped insulator. The intrinsic carrier concentration is 1.2{times}10{sup 20} cm{sup {minus}3}, although our sample is somewhat uncompensated, with a 65{percent} surplus of holes. There is no appreciable modification to the Fermi-surface dimensions or carrier masses with the onset of ferromagnetism. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
Quantitative Differentiation: A General Formulation

Let dx denote Lebesgue measure on \documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath, amssymb} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}\mathbb{R}^n\end{align*} \end{document}. With respect to the measure \documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath, amssymb} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}\mathcal C=r^{-1}\, dr\times dx\end{align*} \end{document} on the collection of balls \documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath, amssymb} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}B_r(x)\subset \mathbb{R}^n\end{align*} \end{document}, the subcollection of balls \documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath, amssymb} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}B_r(x)\subset B_1(0)\end{align*} \end{document} has infinite measure. Let \documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath, amssymb} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}f:B_1(0)\to {\mathbb R}\end{align*} \end{document} have bounded gradient, \documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath, amssymb} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}|\nabla f |\leq 1\end{align*} \end{document}. For any \documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath, amssymb} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}B_r(x)\subset B_1(0)\end{align*} \end{document} there is a natural scale‐invariant quantity that measures the deviation of \documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath, amssymb} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}f\,|\, B_r(x)\end{align*} \end{document} from being an affine linear function. The most basic case of quantitative differentiation (due to Peter Jones) asserts that for all \documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath, amssymb} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}\epsilon > 0\end{align*} \end{document}, the measure of the collection of balls on which the deviation from linearity is \documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath, amssymb} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}\geq \epsilon\end{align*} \end{document} is finite and controlled by \documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath, amssymb} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}\epsilon\end{align*} \end{document}, independent of the particular function \documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath, amssymb} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}f\end{align*} \end{document}. The purpose of this paper is to explain the sense in which this model case is actually a particular instance of a general phenomenon that is present in many different geometric/analytic contexts. Essentially, in each case that fits the framework, to prove the relevant quantitative differentiation theorem, it suffices to verify that the family of relative defects is monotone and coercive. We indicate one recent application to theoretical computer science and others to partial regularity theory in geometric analysis and nonlinear PDEs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Non‐linear curve fitting and the true method of least squares

This paper is concerned with the fitting of non-linear relationships such as the logistic and Gompertz functions. Although Gauss had proposed the now standard Gauss-Newton procedure for this purpose in 1809, and it was strongly championed by Schultz in 1930, this procedure did not come into common use until modern computing equipment was introduced in the 1960s. In its stead a variety of virtually arbitrary procedures were employed. These arbitrary procedures are still used when the practitioner requires preliminary estimates of the parameters of a given non-linear function.
Does Secondary Market Liquidity Affect the Economy?

We use the Federal Reserve’s Secondary Market Corporate Credit Facility (SMCCF) to examine whether secondary market liquidity has real economic effects. In response to COVID-19, the SMCCF committed the Federal Reserve to buy corporate bonds in secondary markets. Using a difference-in-differences analysis, we compare firms with bonds purchased by the SMCCF to similar firms that did not have bonds purchased. We find the SMCCF improved secondary liquidity and yields on newly issued bonds, however this did not impact firm’s overall cost of capital and had no effect on investment, employment, or PP&E. The results suggest secondary market liquidity has limited economic effects.
Rehabilitation of Paraplegia Secondary to Giant cell Tumor of Bone Case Report

Introduction: Neoplastic patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) who commonly present at rehabilitation units exhibit different characteristics from traumatic SCI patients but the rehabilitation results are similar. The aim of this paper is to describe the rehabilitation outcome in a patient with paraplegia caused by giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) located at D11 level of spine. Case Report: The patient was a 26-year-old Chinese man who had a history of back pain complicated by paraplegia. Magnetic resonance imaging (NMR) evidenced giant cell tumor removed surgically. Individual rehabilitation program aimed to recovery walking autonomy was proposed to the patient. Conclusion: A case report recovered a good grade of autonomy in walking function and returned to daily activities.
Deep Learning Parameterization of the Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer

The research on tropical cyclone (TC) relieson numerical models and simulations, with the currently widely used boundary layer parameterization posing a significant challenge on accurately predicting turbulent mixing. However, machine learning has opened up new possibilities for boundary layer sub‐grid process parameterization. In this study, a deep‐learning parameterization scheme for the TC boundary layer (DeepBL) on predicting turbulent flux is proposed. DeepBL comprises a one‐dimensional convolutional structure that relies on a small number of learnable parameters that accomplishes an error reduction compared to the standard fully connected neural networks. Furthermore, a nonlinear transformation scheme is introduced to alleviate the training data's skewness and improve the DeepBL performance by affording a smaller prediction error. Specifically, the output data of a large‐eddy simulation of an idealized TC are used to train, validate, and test DeepBL, affording significantly better performance than the YSU scheme in the Weather Research and Forecast model. Interpretability analysis on DeepBL demonstrates that the deep‐learning parameterization scheme is physically reasonable.
“If There Was a Dire Emergency, We Never Would Have Been Able to Get in There”: Domestic Violence Reporting and Disasters

This paper examines domestic violence reporting in a community in New Zealand struck by a snow storm. Previous theory and empirical studies are discussed to provide context for the study being presented. The results are based on in-depth interviews with representatives of agencies involved in domestic violence response and emergency management as well as statistics and case file summaries from the predominant non-statutory domestic violence agency in the community. Interviewees were asked about domestic violence reporting and their awareness of any changes during the disaster. Changes were then measured against the statistics made available. Policy and planning in place at the time of the snow storm were examined to determine if agencies were prepared for any changes in domestic violence reporting in the aftermath of the snow storm. Issues that arose from a lack of planning or policy are discussed, and suggestions are made for improving both emergency management planning, but also the planning and policies of domestic violence agencies that must continue to provide services during disasters.
Is plane-channel flow a friendly case for the testing of large-eddy simulation subgrid-scale models?

We present the grid-convergence behavior of channel-flow direct numerical simulations (DNS) at coarse resolutions typically encountered in large-eddy simulation subgrid-model testing. An energy-conservative discretization method is used to systematically vary the streamwise (Nx) and spanwise (Nz) resolution. We observe that the skin friction does not converge monotonously, and at coarse resolutions, a line of Nx–Nz combinations is found where the error on the skinfriction is zero. Along this line, mean profiles are evaluated and found to fit surprisingly well fully resolved DNS results. The location of this line is shown to depend on the Reynolds number and the wall-normal resolution.
Pair frames in Hilbert C ∗ -modules

In this paper, we introduce pair frames in Hilbert C ∗ -modules and show that they share many useful properties with their corresponding notions in Hilbert spaces. We also obtain the necessary and sufﬁcient conditions for a standard Bessel sequence to construct a pair frame and get the necessary and sufﬁcient conditions for a Hilbert C ∗ -module to admit a pair frame with a symbol and two standard Bessel sequences. Moreover by generalizing some of the results obtained for Bessel multipliers in Hilbert C ∗ -modules to pair frames and considering the stability of pair frames under invertible operators, we construct new pair frames and show that pair frames are stable under small perturbations.
A Detailed Analysis of Double-Mode RR Lyrae Stars: Further Support for a Brighter Luminosity Scale

In order to derive the physical parameters of double-mode RR Lyrae stars in the Galactic globular clusters M15, M68, and IC4499, we fully utilize all observables (periods, apparent magnitudes, and colors) together with linear pulsation models. Except for the zero point of the color-temperature calibration and for the adopted metallicity of the double-mode stars in M15, our method is free from any systematic effects due to ambiguities in the various zero points (i.e., magnitude, bolometric correction, etc.). It is shown that for any "reasonable" chosen metallicity of M15, the so-derived absolute magnitudes are always brighter by some 0.2-0.3 mag than the corresponding Baade-Wesselink values. The difference becomes less than 0.1 mag only for extremely metal deficient compositions of [M/H]M15 < -3.0. Masses are in the range 0.65-0.85 M, depending on the cluster and the above-mentioned parameters. These conclusions are essentially independent of the details of the chemical composition (e.g., enhancement of the heavy elements).
Modules of n -ary differential operators over the orthosymplectic superalgebra osp ( 1 | 2 )

We are interested in the study of the space of n -ary differential operators denoted by D λ,μ where λ = (λ 1 ,.,λ n ) is acting on weighted densities from F λ 1 ⊗ F λ 2 ⊗···⊗ F λ n to F μ as a module over the orthosymplectic superalgebra osp ( 1 | 2 ) . As a consequence, we prove the existence and the uniqueness of a canonical conformally equivariant symbol map from D k λ,μ to the corresponding space of symbols as well for the explicit expression of the associated quantization map.
Magnetospheric equilibrium with anisotropic pressure

Self-consistent magnetospheric equilibria with anisotropic pressure are obtained by employing an iterative metric method for solving the inverse equilibrium equation in an optimal flux coordinate system. A method of determining plasma parallel and perpendicular pressures from either analytic particle distributions or particle distributions measured along a satellite's path is presented. The numerical results of axisymmetric magnetospheric equilibria including the effects of finite beta, pressure anisotropy, and boundary conditions are presented for a bi-Maxwellian particle distribution. For the isotropic pressure cases the finite beta effect produces an outward expansion of the constant magnetic flux surfaces in relation to the dipole field lines, and along the magnetic field the toroidal ring current is maximum at the magnetic equator. The effect of pressure anisotropy is found to further expand the flux surfaces outward. Along the magnetic field lines the westward ring current can be peak away from the equator owing to an eastward current contribution resulting from pressure anisotropy. As pressure anisotropy increases, the peak westward current can become more singular. The outer boundary flux surface has a significant effect on the magnetospheric equilibrium. For the outer flux boundary resembling the dayside compressed flux surface due to solar wind pressure, the deformation ofmore » the magnetic field can be quite different from that for the outer flux boundary resembling the taillike flux surface. « less