Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A note on long-distance matches of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) around the Irish coast using photo-identification

Images of 120 individual bottlenose dolphins from around the Irish coast were obtained from three photo-identification catalogues. Twenty three individuals were subsequently re-sighted, which is a re-sighting rate of 19%. The distance between re-sightings ranged from 130 to 650km and the duration from 26 to 760 days. Images were also compared to a catalogue of resident dolphins from the Shannon Estuary candidate Special Area of Conservation and from Wales but no matches were found. This short study provides strong evidence that bottlenose dolphins in Irish coastal waters are regularly undertaking large movements around the entire Irish coast and must be considered highly mobile and transient. These results have important implications for the conservation and management of this species.
Selecting by Origin: Ethnic Migration in the Liberal State

Preface 1. The Problem of Ethnic Selectivity 2. Toward Source-Country Universalism in Settler States: The United States and Australia 3. Europe's Postcolonial Constellations, Northwestern and Southwestern 4. Resilience versus Demise in the Diaspora Constellation: Israel and Germany 5. The Liberal State between De- and Re-Ethnicization Notes References Index
Modern to Late Pleistocene Stable Isotope Climatology of Alaska

iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . vi TABLE OF CONTENTS . viii LIST OF TABLES . xi LIST OF FIGURES . xii CHAPTER 1 DISSERTATION OVERVIEW . 1 Purpose . 1 Chapter 2 synopsis . 1 Chapter 3 synopsis . 2 Chapter 4 synopsis . 2 CHAPTER 2 MODERN SURFACE WATER STABLE ISOTOPE CLIMATOLOGY OF ALASKA . 5 Abstract . 5 Introduction . 6 Physiography and climate of Alaska . 8 Methods. 8 Results and Interpretation . 11 Isoscape of Alaskan surface waters . 11 Isoscape derivation. 11 Isoscape residuals. 14 Spatial variability in surface water stable isotopes . 14 Temperature effect . 15 Cumulative precipitation amount effect. 16 Altitude and latitude effect . 17. 5 Introduction . 6 Physiography and climate of Alaska . 8 Methods. 8 Results and Interpretation . 11 Isoscape of Alaskan surface waters . 11 Isoscape derivation. 11 Isoscape residuals. 14 Spatial variability in surface water stable isotopes . 14 Temperature effect . 15 Cumulative precipitation amount effect. 16 Altitude and latitude effect . 17 ix Distance from the Pacific effect . 18 Implications for paleoclimatic reconstructions . 21 Conclusion . 22 CHAPTER 3 THERMAL STRATIGRAPHY OF THE FOX PERMAFROST TUNNEL . 45 Abstract . 45 Introduction . 46 Tunnel geology . 49 Tunnel stratigraphy . 49 Tunnel C ages . 50 Methods. 52 Results . 55 Ice wedge and pool ice stratigraphy. 55 Ice wedge and pool ice C dating . 58 Timing of freeze and melt events . 60 Discussion . 65 Approximate timing of freeze and melt events . 65 Freeze event 1 – 25.9 to 21.5 cal ka BP . 66 Freeze event 2 <25.9 to 21.5 cal ka BP . 67 Melt event 1 – 21.5 to 17.9 cal ka BP . 67 Freeze event 3 – 17.9 to 12.9 cal ka BP . 69 Freeze event 4 <17.9 to 12.9 cal ka BP . 70 Freeze event 5 <17.9 to 12.9 cal ka BP . 71 Implications for dating carbon in the permafrost environments . 71 Summary of thermal events in the Permafrost Tunnel . 72 Conclusion . 72. 45 Introduction . 46 Tunnel geology . 49 Tunnel stratigraphy . 49 Tunnel C ages . 50 Methods. 52 Results . 55 Ice wedge and pool ice stratigraphy. 55 Ice wedge and pool ice C dating . 58 Timing of freeze and melt events . 60 Discussion . 65 Approximate timing of freeze and melt events . 65 Freeze event 1 – 25.9 to 21.5 cal ka BP . 66 Freeze event 2 <25.9 to 21.5 cal ka BP . 67 Melt event 1 – 21.5 to 17.9 cal ka BP . 67 Freeze event 3 – 17.9 to 12.9 cal ka BP . 69 Freeze event 4 <17.9 to 12.9 cal ka BP . 70 Freeze event 5 <17.9 to 12.9 cal ka BP . 71 Implications for dating carbon in the permafrost environments . 71 Summary of thermal events in the Permafrost Tunnel . 72 Conclusion . 72 CHAPTER 4 VARIABLE LATE PLEISTOCENE PALEOCLIMATE IN ALASKA FROM HIGH-RESOLUTION O OF PER
Invisible Watermarking for Audio Generation Diffusion Models

Diffusion models have gained prominence in the image domain for their capabilities in data generation and transformation, achieving state-of-the-art performance in various tasks in both image and audio domains. In the rapidly evolving field of audio-based machine learning, safeguarding model integrity and establishing data copyright are of paramount importance. This paper presents the first watermarking technique applied to audio diffusion models trained on mel-spectrograms. This offers a novel approach to the aforementioned challenges. Our model excels not only in benign audio generation, but also incorporates an invisible watermarking trigger mechanism for model verification. This watermark trigger serves as a protective layer, enabling the identification of model ownership and ensuring its integrity. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that invisible watermark triggers can effectively protect against unauthorized modifications while maintaining high utility in benign audio generation tasks.
Federated Short-Term Load Forecasting with Personalization Layers for Heterogeneous Clients

The advent of smart meters has enabled pervasive collection of energy consumption data for training short-term load forecasting (STLF) models. In response to privacy concerns, federated learning (FL) has been proposed as a privacy-preserving approach for training, but the quality of trained models degrades as client data becomes heterogeneous. In this paper we alleviate this drawback using personalization layers, wherein certain layers of an STLF model in an FL framework are trained exclusively on the clients' own data. To that end, we propose a personalized FL algorithm (PL-FL) enabling FL to handle personalization layers. The PL-FL algorithm is implemented by using the Argonne Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning package. We test the forecast performance of models trained on the NREL ComStock dataset, which contains heterogeneous energy consumption data of multiple commercial buildings. Superior performance of models trained with PL-FL demonstrates that personalization layers enable classical FL algorithms to handle clients with heterogeneous data.
Guided Cooperation in Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning via Model-based Rollout

Goal-conditioned hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) presents a promising approach for enabling effective exploration in complex long-horizon reinforcement learning (RL) tasks via temporal abstraction. Yet, most goal-conditioned HRL algorithms focused on the subgoal discovery, regardless of inter-level coupling. In essence, for hierarchical systems, the increased inter-level communication and coordination can induce more stable and robust policy improvement. Here, we present a goal-conditioned HRL framework with Guided Cooperation via Model-based Rollout (GCMR), which estimates forward dynamics to promote inter-level cooperation. The GCMR alleviates the state-transition error within off-policy correction through a model-based rollout, further improving the sample efficiency. Meanwhile, to avoid being disrupted by these corrected but possibly unseen or faraway goals, lower-level Q-function gradients are constrained using a gradient penalty with a model-inferred upper bound, leading to a more stable behavioral policy. Besides, we propose a one-step rollout-based planning to further facilitate inter-level cooperation, where the higher-level Q-function is used to guide the lower-level policy by estimating the value of future states so that global task information is transmitted downwards to avoid local pitfalls. Experimental results demonstrate that incorporating the proposed GCMR framework with ACLG, a disentangled variant of HIGL, yields more stable and robust policy improvement than baselines and substantially outperforms previous state-of-the-art (SOTA) HRL algorithms in both hard-exploration problems and robotic control.
Penalties and Rewards for Fair Learning in Paired Kidney Exchange Programs

A kidney exchange program, also called a kidney paired donation program, can be viewed as a repeated, dynamic trading and allocation mechanism. This suggests that a dynamic algorithm for transplant exchange selection may have superior performance in comparison to the repeated use of a static algorithm. We confirm this hypothesis using a full scale simulation of the Canadian Kidney Paired Donation Program: learning algorithms, that attempt to learn optimal patient-donor weights in advance via dynamic simulations, do lead to improved outcomes. Specifically, our learning algorithms, designed with the objective of fairness (that is, equity in terms of transplant accessibility across cPRA groups), also lead to an increased number of transplants and shorter average waiting times. Indeed, our highest performing learning algorithm improves egalitarian fairness by 10% whilst also increasing the number of transplants by 6% and decreasing waiting times by 24%. However, our main result is much more surprising. We find that the most critical factor in determining the performance of a kidney exchange program is not the judicious assignment of positive weights (rewards) to patient-donor pairs. Rather, the key factor in increasing the number of transplants, decreasing waiting times and improving group fairness is the judicious assignment of a negative weight (penalty) to the small number of non-directed donors in the kidney exchange program.
Variability of the Lagrangian turbulent diffusion in the lower stratosphere

Abstract. Ozone and nitrous oxide are measured at high spatial and temporal resolution by instruments flying on the ER-2 NASA research aircraft. Comparing the airborne transects to reconstructions by ensemble of diffusive backward trajectories allows estimation of the average vertical Lagrangian turbulent diffusion experienced by the air parcels. The resulting estimates show large Lagrangian diffusion of the order of 0.1in the surf zone outside the polar vortex and smaller values of the order of 0.01 inside. Locally, large variation of Lagrangian diffusion occurs over mesoscale distances. It is found that high temporal resolution (3h or less) is required for off-line transport calculations and that the reconstructions are sensitive to spurious motion in standard analysed winds.
Étude dynamique et thermique de suspensions solides-liquides non newtoniennes en conduite

Dans le cadre d'un projet europeen F. L. A. I. R. , l'etude du LEMTA-CNRS a porte sur un melange de spheres dans des liquides newtoniens et non newtoniens de viscosites ou consistances variables. La geometrie d'ecoulement se divise en un tube simple suivi d'une succession de convergents-elargissements brusques destines a brasser le fluide. Un element chauffant en cuivre, identique a la geometrie, a permis de determiner les coefficients d'echange liquide-sphere et les lois de transfert de chaleur paroi-melange. Un film video a ete realise pour suivre le comportement des spheres baignant dans differentes concentrations non newtoniennes coulant dans le tube et la geometrie. Il montre l'accumulation de debris solides en aval de l'elargissement brusque pouvant conduire a l'encrassement dans le cas de fortes concentrations de spheres. Le second resultat montre l'apparition precoce de la turbulence dans la geometrie, a des nombres de Reynolds faibles (Re=200). Pour le tube, l'introduction de spheres accroit la perte de charge et renforce le caractere non newtonien du melange. Une premiere campagne de mesure par velocimetrie laser a donne le champ de vitesse dans la geometrie complexe. Une deuxieme campagne mettant en œuvre la technique electrochimique, a permis l'identification des regimes d'ecoulement diphasiques. Dans la geometrie, le gradient de vitesse parietal est nettement accru pour les melanges liquides non newtoniens-spheres. De meme, on constate un accroissement du taux de fluctuation du gradient parietal de vitesse. Les differentes solutions non-newtoniennes etudiees ont montre une etroite dependance du gradient parietal de vitesse avec les interactions particule-liquide, la viscosite du liquide suspendant limitant les proprietes diffusionnelles des spheres. Ceci a ete confirme par l'etude thermique.
Off-the-Grid MARL: Datasets with Baselines for Offline Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

Being able to harness the power of large datasets for developing cooperative multi-agent controllers promises to unlock enormous value for real-world applications. Many important industrial systems are multi-agent in nature and are difficult to model using bespoke simulators. However, in industry, distributed processes can often be recorded during operation, and large quantities of demonstrative data stored. Offline multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) provides a promising paradigm for building effective decentralised controllers from such datasets. However, offline MARL is still in its infancy and therefore lacks standardised benchmark datasets and baselines typically found in more mature subfields of reinforcement learning (RL). These deficiencies make it difficult for the community to sensibly measure progress. In this work, we aim to fill this gap by releasing off-the-grid MARL (OG-MARL): a growing repository of high-quality datasets with baselines for cooperative offline MARL research. Our datasets provide settings that are characteristic of real-world systems, including complex environment dynamics, heterogeneous agents, non-stationarity, many agents, partial observability, suboptimality, sparse rewards and demonstrated coordination. For each setting, we provide a range of different dataset types (e.g. Good, Medium, Poor, and Replay) and profile the composition of experiences for each dataset. We hope that OG-MARL will serve the community as a reliable source of datasets and help drive progress, while also providing an accessible entry point for researchers new to the field.
Thermal Relations Of Free-Living Echidnas During Activity And In Hibernation In A Cold Climate

All twelve echidnas studied by radiotelemetric techniques in Kosciusko National Park 1987-1989 entered hibernation in early winter and woke in early or late spring. During hibernation, body temperatures fell close to those in the hibernaculum, as low as 3.7 degrees C. Each individual's hibernation season was characterised by brief , periodic arousals to approximately 32 degrees C. The frequency of arousals was proportional to body temperatures during the period of torpor, implying a possible correlation between metabolite accumulation and the function of arousals. Adults above 1300m hibernated for an average of 4.4 months, those at 1000 m for 3. 1 months, although the statistical signiflcance was marginal. Echidnas gained weight at the rate of 7-13% per month in the active season and all animals for which there is adequate data also showed 'test drops ' (sensu Strumwasser 1960) prior to entering hibernation. Weight losses of 2-3% per month were typical in the hibernation season. During the active season, echidnas in this region were conspicuously diurna1, emerging mid-morning from their overnight retreats and remaining active until evening. Body temperatures showed a conspicuous daily cycle in every individual, the modal temperature of 32 degrees C being reached during the daily active period. Overnight, body temperatures fell, commonly to 29 degrees C but frequently lower. The daily cycling of body temperature was remarkably consistent from day to day and throughout the active season, both within and between echidnas. All individuals defended successfully against body temperatures above about 34 degrees C, presumably relying particularly on behavioural rather than physiological means, and shade-seeking and water bathing are identified as being important in this context. Neither daily minimum nor maximum body temperatures correlated with minimum or maximum ambient temperatures, implying good control over the daily temperature cycle. Nevertheless, occasional low temperatures were observed during the active season, either during "test drops" or when, in response to particularly foul weather, an individual might remain all day in its retreat, entering shallow torpor as body temperatures continued to fall until the onset of the following day's activity period. Heat produced as a correlate of muscular work appears to be the main source of the daily increase in body temperature to about 32 degrees C.
Using insect biodiversity to measure theeffectiveness of on-farm restoration plantings

Advances in farming technology, and the variety of modern agricultural practices, have the potential to reduce, maintain or improve biodiversity in an agricultural landscape. Environmentally sensitive farming systems are becoming more important on a local level, as climate change, declining biodiversity and habitat fragmentation impact the environment at a landscape scale. Invertebrates are important components of an agricultural landscape, playing numerous roles including pest control, plant protection, pollination, and carbon cycling. They are also an important food source for many reptiles, birds, mammals and other insects, making them a key component of the food chain. Ants in particular are useful tools in biodiversity monitoring as they are abundant in both disturbed and intact habitats, and their many functional groups help to illustrate their community structure at a given point in time. For these reasons, they can be used to demonstrate the short and long term impacts of land management in various environments, including rehabilitated mine sites, fire affected regions, and agricultural landscapes. Conducted on working farms, this study looked specifically at insect in the agricultural landscape, using 10 sheep pastures which have been restored with eucalypt plantings. Looking at species richness, relative abundance, and community structure, this study assessed the ant and beetle communities in these plantings and compares these to pasture control sites and nearby remnant woodland patch control sites. The influences of elevation, ground cover, soil clay, patch size, and age of planting were tested using regression analyses. It was found that leaf litter cover and weediness have a significant influence on invertebrate recolonisation of a restoration planting. Elevation was negatively correlated for all ant activity, whilst the age of the planting was positively correlated with ant abundance and species richness. This study shows that ants can be useful monitoring tools in agricultural landscapes, and specifically useful when assessing the effectiveness of on-farm restoration plantings. It also provides a better understanding of the influence of environmental variables on a restoration planting, which in turn can help inform land management decisions.
“In search of the transmission mechanism of fiscal policy in the Euro area”

Hand-to-mouth consumers and Edgeworth complementarity between private consumption and public expenditures are two competing mechanisms that were put forward by the literature to investigate the effects of government spending. Using Bayesian prior and posterior analysis and several econometric experiments, we find that a model with Edgeworth complementarity is a better representation for the transmission mechanism of fiscal policy in the euro area. We also show that a small change in the degree of Edgeworth complementarity has a large impact on the estimated share of hand-to-mouth consumers. These findings are robust to a number of perturbations. JEL: C32, E32, E62.
Vs measurements by seismic dilatometer (SDMT) in non-penetrable soils.

This paper illustrates the procedure for obtaining measurements of the shear wave velocity VS by seismic dilatometer (SDMT) in backfilled boreholes in non-penetrable soils. The possibility of such measurement descends from the fact that the path of the shear wave from the surface to the upper and lower receiver includes a short path in the backfill of very similar length for both receivers. The SDMT equipment/test procedure and the borehole backfilling technique are briefly described. The validation of the method by comparison of parallel profiles of VS obtained in the "virgin" soil and in a backfilled borehole is presented. VS profiles obtained by SDMT in backfilled boreholes at two test sites in central Italy, Sulmona (coarse gravel) and L'Aquila (calcareous breccia), are compared to VS profiles obtained by the traditional Down-Hole technique and related to the stratigraphic profiles of the subsoil. RÉSUMÉ Cet article décrit la procédure pour obtenir des mesures de la vitesse des ondes de cisaillement VS par le dilatomètre sismique (SDMT) dans forages remblayés avec du sable dans sols non pénétrables. La possibilité d'une telle mesure descend du fait que le chemin de l'onde de cisaillement de la surface au récepteur supérieur et inférieur inclut un court chemin dans le remblai de longueur très semblable pour les deux récepteurs. L'équipement et la procédure de l'essai par SDMT et la technique de remblayage du forage sont brièvement décrites. La validation de la méthode par la comparaison des profils parallèles de VS obtenu dans le sol "vierge" et dans un forage remblayé est présentée. Les profils de VS obtenus par SDMT dans forages remblayés à deux sites d'essai en l'Italie centrale, Sulmona (gravier grossier) et L'Aquila (brèche calcaire), sont comparés à les profils de VS obtenus par la technique Down-Hole traditionnelle et mise en relation avec les profils stratigraphiques du sous-sol.
http://edulearn.intelektual.org Different perspective on teaching socio-scientific

Info 2022 In the ever-changing world based on the needs, curiosity and entrepreneurial drive of the humankind, interest in socio-scientific issues has been increasing every day with the discussion and different approaches in society. It could be suggested that the increase in this interest has been due to both the contribution and damages of these issues to the environment. The present study aimed to analyze the socio-scientific issues instructed with various strategies, methods and techniques in different learning environments in educational institutions as a result of the developments in science and technology due to social needs based on teacher perceptions. The study group included 50 teachers in different fields and employed in various schools in Turkey. The study sample was assigned with criterion sampling technique and the admission criterion was employment in Turkish public schools. In the study, the data were collected with a semi-structured interview form developed by the authors, and the findings were analyzed with content analysis. The study findings demonstrated that the teachers in the study group had different and significant perceptions on the instruction of socio-scientific topics in learning
Trigonometric weighted generalized convolution operator associated with Fourier cosine-sine and Kontorovich-Lebedev transformations

The main objective of this work is to introduce the generalized convolution with trigonometric weighted $\gamma=\sin y$ involving the Fourier cosine-sine and Kontorovich-Lebedev transforms, and to study its fundamental results. We establish boundedness properties in a two-parametric family of Lebesgue spaces for this convolution operator. Norm estimation in the weighted $ L_p$ space is obtained and applications of the corresponding class of convolution integro-differential equations are discussed. The conditions for the solvability of these equations in $L_1$ space are also founded.