Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lipase Activity in Scallop Hepatopancreas

Fig. 1. TLC separation of the hydrolysates of olive oil triacylglycerols by lipases of scallop hepatopancreas (A), porcine pancreas (B), and Candida cylindracea (C). TG, triacylglycerols; FFA, free fatty acids; DG, diacylglycerols; MG, monoacylglycerols. 15, 100, and 350 units of A, B, and C were used for the reactions, respectively, detected by exposing to iodine vapor and identified by comparing their Rf values with those of authentic standards. Porcine pancreatic and Candida cylindracea lipases (Sigma) were also used as standards of 1,3-specific and non-specific lipases, respectively. The acetone-ether powders had an activity level of 0.3 units/mg solid. One unit will hydrolyze 1.0 nanoequivalent of fatty acid from a triacylglycerol in 1 h under the above conditions. Figure 1 shows the TLC chromatogram of the hydrolysates obtained from olive oil triacylglycerols by lipase preparations of scallop hepatopancreas, porcine pancreas, and C. cylindracea. Unhydrolyzed triacylglycerols (Rf 0.61), free fatty acids (Rf 0.40), diacylglycerols (Rf 0.21 and 0.14), and monoacylglycerols (Rf 0.01) were clearly resolved on borate TLC using n-hexane-ether (60: 40, v/v) as the developing solvent. As expected, C. cylindracea lipase showed two clearly resolved diacylglycerol spots, which represent sn-1,3 and sn-1,2(2,3)-isomers; porcine pancreatic lipase showed only the sn-1,2(2,3)-isomer spot. The scallop lipase preparation also showed only one diacylglycerol spot, which had the same Rf value as that of the sn-1,2(2,3) diacylglycerols obtained from the triacylglycerols by porcine pancreatic and C. cylindracea lipases. These results clearly show that the lipase preparation from scallop hepatopan creas is highly specific for the sn-1(3)-position of long-chain triacylglycerol molecules. Patton and Quinn6) reported that the digestive lipase of the surf clam Spisula solidissima was capable of hydrolyzing the oleate or palmitate in the sn-1(3)-position of triacylglycerol molecules. Except for their study, there are no reports on the positional specificity of bivalve lipase, although 1,3-specific lipase has been found in fish.7) The hepatopancreas of scallops is inedible and is an untouched marine resource. The present study suggests that the hepatopancreas would be a potential source of 1,3-specific lipases.
Mass ratio of the 2 pc binary brown dwarf LUH 16 and limits on planetary companions from astrometry

We analyse FORS2/VLT $I$-band imaging data to monitor the motions of both components in the nearest known binary brown dwarf WISE J104915.57-531906.1AB (LUH16) over one year. The astrometry is dominated by parallax and proper motion, but with a precision of $\sim$0.2 milli-arcsecond per epoch we accurately measure the relative position change caused by the orbital motion of the pair. This allows us to directly measure a mass ratio of $q=0.78\pm0.10$ for this system. We also search for the signature of a planetary-mass companion around either of the A and B component and exclude at 3-$\sigma$ the presence of planets with masses larger than $2\,M_\mathrm{Jup}$ and orbital periods of 20--300 d. We update the parallax of LUH16 to $500.51\pm0.11$ mas, i.e. just within 2 pc. This study yields the first direct constraint on the mass ratio of LUH16 and shows that the system does not harbour any close-in giant planets.
N-Arylsulfonyl Hydrazones as Inhibitors of IMP-1 Metallo-β-Lactamase

ABSTRACT Members of a family of N-arylsulfonyl hydrazones have been identified as novel inhibitors of IMP-1, a metallo-β-lactamase of increasing prevalence. Structure-activity relationship studies have indicated a requirement for bulky aromatic substituents on each side of the sulfonyl hydrazone backbone for these compounds to serve as efficient inhibitors of IMP-1. Molecular modeling has provided insight into the structural basis for the anti-metallo-β-lactamase activity exhibited by this class of compounds.
Better or Different? How Political Ideology Shapes Preferences for Differentiation in the Social Hierarchy

As consumers’ political opinions become more divided and more central to their identities, it is important to understand how political ideology shapes consumers’ attempts to differentiate from others in the marketplace. Seven studies demonstrate that political ideology systematically influences consumers’ preferences for differentiation. Conservative ideology leads consumers to differentiate from others vertically in the social hierarchy through products that signal that they are better than others, and liberal ideology leads consumers to differentiate from others horizontally in the social hierarchy through products that signal that they are unique from others. This happens because conservatism endorses, and liberalism opposes, the belief that the dominance-based hierarchical social structure is a legitimate mechanism to distinguish individual qualities. The effect is robust across measured and manipulated ideology, hypothetical and real product choices, and online searches in conservative and liberal US states. Manipulating consumers’ differentiation goals and perceptions of hierarchy legitimacy mitigates the effect. The findings advance existing research on political ideology, social hierarchy, and consumer divergence, and they contribute to marketing practice.
Benefit of lipid lowering treatment in the elderly Large-scale trials

The prevalence of diabetes increases with age, potentially affecting 20% of the 75 years and older elderly population. Overmortality and increased cardiovascular morbidity-mortality are common in diabetic populations, including elderly diabetes. This increased cardiovascular risk must therefore be taken into consideration when discussing management of dyslipidemia in elderly diabetics. Should dyslipidemia be treated in elderly diabetics? What are the objectives and with what means? Whether the significance of dyslipidemia is different in this growing population compared with younger subjects remains unknown due to the lack of specific studies. The only results available come from a few primary or secondary cardiovascular prevention trials using statins or fibrates with subgroups of elderly diabetic patients, or subgroups of diabetic patients and also subgroups of patients aged over 65. Three recent studies detailed the potential benefit of such treatment: PROSPER in elderly subjects aged 70-82 years, HPS in diabetics before and after the age of 70 years and CARDS in diabetics aged up to 75 years. The results of these studies provide a few indirect elements of interest, keeping in mind the generally higher iatrogenic risk of treatment in elderly populations.
The Social Legitimacy of Targeted Welfare and Welfare Deservingness

The issue of welfare targeting, regarding the allocation of resources between categories of needs and needy groups, has regained a central position in the social policy debate in many, if not all, European countries. It was central to the juvenile stage of the European welfare state in the first part of the twentieth century, and seemed to have been more or less definitely solved in its mature stage in the prosperous 1960s and 1970s. However, with the economic downturn following the 1979 oil crisis, a restructuring process of Western welfare states began, while in the East the political turmoil of the late 1980s and early 1990s was the starting point for welfare redesign. Since these years, welfare reform has been a constant factor in the ‘silver age’ of the European welfare state (Taylor-Gooby, 2002). Further, there is no foreseeable end to it, because the concept of the welfare state and its physical manifestations in specific social policies became substantially challenged again in the last two decades as a result of intensified international economic competition, a financial crisis, demographic ageing, migration and a ‘refugee crisis’, increasing inequality and the rise of new social risks. This combination of challenges has resulted in a precarious political context marked by intensified discussions about the scope and generosity of the welfare state, which in essence are debates about welfare targeting. More concretely, what we witness in most European welfare states is an intensification of critical debates about the necessity and fairness of redistributive relationships that have been organized through existing welfare arrangements, or that, in view of social and economic challenges, should be organized anew. Debates vary across different social issues: the intensified pension debate concerns the redistribution of welfare between older and
Is Green Space in the Living Environment Associated with People's Feelings of Social Safety?

The authors investigate whether the percentage of green space in people's living environment affects their feelings of social safety positively or negatively. More specifically they investigate the extent to which this relationship varies between urban and rural areas, between groups in the community that can be identified as more or less vulnerable, and the extent to which different types of green space exert different influences. The study includes 83 736 Dutch citizens who were interviewed about their feelings of social safety. The percentage of green space in the living environment of each respondent was calculated, and data analysed by use of a three-level latent variable model, controlled for individual and environmental background characteristics. The analyses suggest that more green space in people's living environment is associated with enhanced feelings of social safety—except in very strongly urban areas, where enclosed green spaces are associated with reduced feelings of social safety. Contrary to the common image of green space as a dangerous hiding place for criminal activity which causes feelings of insecurity, the results suggest that green space generally enhances feelings of social safety. The results also suggest, however, that green space in the most urban areas is a matter of concern with respect to social safety.
Scattered Surface Waves from a Surface Obstacle

Summary This paper is concerned with the interpretation of a surface wave arrival at the Eskdalemuir seismological array which is apparently generated by the scattering of the initial P wave. The theory of scattering of a plane wave by a surface obstacle is developed in order to apply to a three-dimensional surface inclusion of any shape. Results are approximate, depending on the depth of the obstacle and the slope of all boundaries being small. Comparison of theory with data from four events leads to an estimate of the breadth of the scatterer. A studyof the relief in the area of the neighbourhood of the array strongly suggests that scattering is due to irregularities of surface topography.
Mitochondrial genome divergence between beluga whales in Baffin Bay and the Sea of Okhotsk

Abstract The beluga whale is one of three endemic Arctic whales. The species is philopatric, and its migration patterns are passed from mother to calf. Management of the species is informed by the levels of genetic structuring among summer aggregation sites based on mitochondrial D-Loop data. To assess the levels of differentiation across the entire mitochondrial genome within belugas, we present a comparison between the first two complete mitochondrial genomes from opposite sides of their distribution range: Baffin Bay and the Russian Far East. Our analyses reveal that additional phylogenetic insights can be gained from expanding the genetic region analyzed. Further, we estimate the divergence time between the two mitochondrial genomes to be 0.469 MYA.
SOCIO – ECONOMIC CHANGES IN LODZ – THE RESULTS OF TWENTY YEARS OF SYSTÉM TRANSFORMATION

The author’s main aim is to define the most importa nt demographic, social, economic and functional changes which took place in Lo dzas a result of the political and economic transformation in Poland after 1989. T he article is based on the statistical data obtained from the Central Statistic al Office (Główny Urząd Statystyczny – GUS), as well as on the materials and information gath ered at Lodz institutions and firms. The author shows that the tra nsformation led to a serious demographic crisis in Lodzand, consequently, to a s trong depopulation of the city. The transformation also affected elements of the so cial structure, such as education. After 1989, the city started to suffer from m ass unemployment. The predominant functions changed as well; processes of de industrialization and function succession are evident. The structure of industry c hanged considerably, as did the ownership system; services developed. At the end of the article the author presents a synthetic model of the socio-economic trans formations in Lodz, as well as the development prospects for the city.
Irrigated safflower at different phenological stages of Brazilian southeast dry season.

1 Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná – UNIEOSTE, Centro de ciências exatas e tecnológicas – CCET, Rua Universitária 2069, Jardim Universitário, 85819-110, Cascavel, PR, Brasil. E-mail: reginaldo.santos@unioeste.br 2 Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná – UNIEOSTE, Centro de ciências exatas e tecnológicas – CCET, Rua Universitária 2069, Jardim Universitário, 85819-110, Cascavel, PR, Brasil. E-mail: doglas.bassegio@gmail.com Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Produção e Melhoramento Vegetal, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, Altos Paraíso, 1780, 18610307, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. E-mail: marcelosilva@fca.unesp. br Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, Altos Paraíso, 1780, 18610-307, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. E-mail: klar@fca.unesp. br Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, Altos Paraíso, 1780, 18610-307, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. E-mail: profandreiabio@hotmail.com Universidade Estadual de Maringá – UEM, Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas, Estrada da Paca, São Cristóvão, 87501-970, Umuarama, PR, Brasil. E-mail: trbsilva@uem.br
Stability of quasi-simple heteroclinic cycles

ABSTRACT The stability of heteroclinic cycles may be obtained from the value of the local stability index along each connection of the cycle. We establish a way of calculating the local stability index for quasi-simple cycles: cycles whose connections are one-dimensional and contained in flow-invariant spaces of equal dimension. These heteroclinic cycles exist both in symmetric and non-symmetric contexts. We make one assumption on the dynamics along the connections to ensure that the transition matrices have a convenient form. Our method applies to all simple heteroclinic cycles of type Z and to various heteroclinic cycles arising in population dynamics, namely non-simple heteroclinic cycles, as well as to cycles that are part of a heteroclinic network. We illustrate our results with a non-simple cycle present in a heteroclinic network of the Rock–Scissors–Paper game.
GLACE survey : OSIRIS/GTC tuneable filter Hα imaging of the rich galaxy cluster ZwCl 0024.0+1652 at z = 0.395. I. Survey presentation, TF data reduction techniques, and catalogue.

The cores of clusters at 0 ≲ z ≲ 1 are dominated by quiescent early-type galaxies, whereas the field is dominated by star-forming late-type galaxies. Clusters grow through the accretion of galaxies and groups from the surrounding field, which implies that galaxy properties, notably the star formation ability, are altered as they fall into overdense regions. The critical issues for understanding this evolution are how the truncation of star formation is connected to the morphological transformation and what physical mechanism is responsible for these changes. The GaLAxy Cluster Evolution Survey (GLACE) is conducting a thorough study of the variations in galaxy properties (star formation, AGN activity, and morphology) as a function of environment in a representative and well-studied sample of clusters. To address these questions, the GLACE survey is making a deep panoramic survey of emission line galaxies (ELG), mapping a set of optical lines ([O ii], [O iii], Hβ andHα/[N ii] when possible) in several galaxy clusters at z ~ 0.40, 0.63, and 0.86. Using the tunable filters (TF) of the OSIRIS instrument at the 10.4 m GTC telescope, the GLACE survey applies the technique of TF tomography: for each line, a set of images are taken through the OSIRIS TF, each image tuned at a different wavelength (equally spaced), to cover a rest frame velocity range of several thousand km s-1 centred on the mean cluster redshift, and scanned for the full TF field of view of an 8 arcmin diameter. Here we present the first results of the GLACE project, targeting the Hα/[N ii] lines in the intermediate-redshift cluster ZwCl 0024.0+1652 at z = 0.395. Two pointings have been performed that cover ~2 × rvir. We discuss the specific techniques devised to process the TF tomography observations in order to generate the catalogue of cluster Hα emitters, which contains more than 200 sources down to a star formation rate (SFR) ≲1 M⊙/yr. An ancillary broadband catalogue is constructed, allowing us to discriminate line interlopers by means of colour diagnostics. The final catalogue contains 174 unique cluster sources. The AGN population is distinguished using different diagnostics and found to be ~37% of the ELG population. The median SFR of the star-forming population is 1.4 M⊙/yr. We studied the spatial distribution of ELG and confirm the existence of two components in the redshift space. Finally, we exploited the outstanding spectral resolution of the TF, attempting to estimate the cluster mass from ELG dynamics, finding M200 = (4.1 ± 0.2) × 1014 M⊙ h-1, in agreement with previous weak-lensing estimates.
Use of space by neotropical marsupial Didelphis albiventris (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) in an urban forest fragment

Neste estudo foi analisada uma populacao do marsupial neotropical Didelphis albiventris (Lund, 1840), em um fragmento florestal urbano, e foram analisados aspectos da estrutura da populacao, e a influencia do sexo e da idade em duas variaveis relativas ao uso do habitat - Area de Vida Diaria (MCP) e Intensidade de Uso do Habitat (UI), obtidas com a tecnica do carretel de rastreamento. Foram estudados 49 individuos marcados, dos quais 20 eram machos e 29 eram femeas. Dos animais adultos, nao foi encontrado qualquer dimorfismo sexual. De 40 individuos rastreados com carretel (16 machos, 24 femeas), diferencas significativas no MCP foram encontradas, sendo que os individuos adultos apresentaram tamanhos medios maiores que os sub-adultos. Quanto a UI, diferencas significativas foram observadas tambem relacionadas a idade. Nao foram encontradas diferencas entre sexos com relacao ao MCP e IU. Alem dos fatores analisados, as variaveis relativas ao uso do habitat possivelmente sao influenciadas por outros fatores, especialmente aqueles relacionados ao estado de conservacao do fragmento.
THE PLIOCENE AND PLEISTOCENE HISTORY OF COTTON RATS IN THE MEADE BASIN OF SOUTHWESTERN KANSAS

Abstract The taxonomy and dental evolution of cotton rats, genus Sigmodon, from Pliocene and Pleistocene deposits in the Meade Basin of southwestern Kansas are examined. Prosigmodon is here subsumed under Sigmodon. Morphological and multivariate statistical analyses identify 3 Sigmodon lineages and 5 immigration events in the Meade Basin. The 1st immigration event occurred during the early Blancan and the latest during the Holocene. The analyses of dental characters indicate directional trends in almost all features, representing both size and shape. A comparison of information from the cotton rat fossil record with a recent molecular phylogeny suggests the molecular phylogeny has set the origin of modern cotton rat groups too early. North American species groups probably do not predate the late Pliocene.
Aeropalynological survey in Büyükorhan, Bursa

An aeropalynological survey of the atmosphere of Buyukorhan in Bursa Province was carried out from January 2012 to December 2013 using a Durham gravimetric sampler. The number of pollen grains per cm2 was calculated on a weekly basis. Over 2 years a total of 13,274 pollen grains/cm2 from 44 taxa, including 24 arboreal plants (APs) and 20 nonarboreal plants (NAPs), and unidentified pollen grains were recorded. In 2012 and 2013, respectively, 5159 and 8115 pollen grains were recorded. The pollen grains consisted of 87.46% APs, 12.20% NAPs, and 0.35% unidentified plants. Pinus, Cupressaceae/Taxaceae, Quercus, Poaceae, Morus, Plantago, Olea europaea, and Cedrus were responsible for the highest pollen amounts in the study area. The highest number of pollen grains (49.84%) was recorded during May.
Preliminary analysis of hybrid rockets for launching nanosats into LEO

This work determines the preliminary mass distribution of hybrid rockets using 98% H2O2 and solid paraffin mixed with aluminum as propellants. An iterative process is used tocalculate the rocket performance characteristics and to determine the inert mass fractionfrom given initial conditions. It is considered a mission to place a 20 kg payload into a 300 km circular equatorial orbit by air launched and ground launched hybrid rockets usingthree stages. The results indicate total initial masses of about 7800 kg for a groundlaunched hybrid rocket and 4700 kg for an air launched hybrid rocket.
Happiness and Development

Subjective well-being (SWB) indicators, such as positive and negative emotions, life evaluations, and assessments of having purpose and meaning and life are increasingly used alongside income, employment, and consumption measures to provide a more comprehensive view of human progress. SWB measures have several advantages but also challenges which development scholars and practitioners need to carefully consider before introducing such metrics in the policy arena. This article provides an overview of the SWB approach and offers insights into whether and how SWB measures can inform development theory and practice.
Weakening of Nonlinear ENSO Under Global Warming

The amplitude response of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to global warming is examined in two global climate models with realistic ENSO nonlinearity. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Earth System Model Version 2M (GFDL‐ESM2M) and Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate version 5 (MIROC5) are the two models that exhibit realistic ENSO nonlinearity. With quadrupled atmospheric carbon dioxide, the ENSO amplitude of GFDL‐ESM2M decreases by about 40%, whereas that of MIROC5 remains almost constant. Because GFDL‐ESM2M exhibits stronger climatological thermal stratification than MIROC5, greenhouse gas forcing increases the upper ocean stability and causes the thermocline to be less sensitive to wind perturbations. The stiffer thermocline inhibits the nonlinear variations of sea surface temperature so that the ENSO amplitude substantially weakens. Idealized nonlinear recharge oscillator model experiments further support climatological thermal stratification as a determinant of the warming response. Observations exhibit stronger thermal stratification than both models, which suggests that the real world may terminate strong, nonlinear El Niños sooner than model‐based projections.