Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Family Growth in Metropolitan America.

This important study report is as difficult to read and understand as the technical papers out of which it was developed, and as the equally important study report "Family Planning, Sterility and Population Growth" by Freedman, Whelpton, and Campbell (McGraw-Hill, 1959; see A.J.P.H. 51:337 (Feb.), 1961). The book is therefore not recommended for the general public health reader despite his necessary interest in the problems of family planning and of population growth. It is to be hoped that the findings and hypotheses which the authors achieved will be summarized in public health jargon-or even in common lay English for the health officers, educators, and nurses who should know about them. An inability to communicate with workers outside of their field seems, to this reviewer, to be a common problem among the researchers on the social and psychological variables in fertility. Quite aside from the fundamental importance of the content, the book is worthy of study by those interested in sampling, in the use of the interview as an epidemiological tool, and in the use of multivariate analysis as a biostatistical method. Some of the value of the authors' otherwise detailed discussion of these areas is negated by omissions of what was dropped from or added to the various tools during the course of the study. There is a very careful definition in technical language of the population and the periods at risk of pregnancy. The study is concerned with the family plans -or lack thereof-of a highly selected cluster of white, urban families who have already had two children. Theoretically, such families should have a different perspective on family size and family planning than younger couples without children, or than older families who have completed child bearing. The focus is on "current fertility and the intermediate processes of family building . with differences in fertility beyond the second birth as its primary interest. " There is a further assumption that the birth of a child has an effect on attitudes toward family size and specifically on having another child! Such factors as the sex of the living children, the temporal and psychological distance between the children (and the children and parents), the financial and leisure interests of the family, the goals set for children-all these and more may influence any reevaluation of family plans. The study findings permit the authors to establish hypotheses concerning the interaction of these many factors and to design the next steps of the longrange study. Along the way are interesting findings subject to the severe limitations of the sample: Over half of all couples use birth control methods before the birth of their first child. By the time the second child has been born only 17-22 per cent of all Catholics, 4-6 per cent of Protesants, and 1-5 per cent of Jewish families in the selected sample are nonusers of some birth control method. Among those never using any method, one-half gave "religion" as the reason. On the other hand, one-half of families not using any birth control method until after the birth of a child said
Impact of Application Methods and Doses of Micronutrients on Wheat’ Grain Yield, Nutrient Content and Their Uptake

Various methodologies (soil or foliar application) and doses of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) either in conjunction with urea or in combination with one another were used to evaluate grain and straw production as well as nutrient concentration and their uptake in wheat. The experiment's findings showed that adding Zn, Fe and Mn significantly enhanced grain and straw production over control as well as available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content and their uptake. When 2.5 mg Zn kg-1 + 5 mg Fe kg-1 + 5 mg Mn kg-1 + 30 mg N kg-1 was applied, the maximum grain yield, straw yield, P uptake in grain and straw, as well as K concentration and uptake in grain and straw were found. Highest N content both in grain and straw was observed when 0.5% FeSO4 + 3 % Urea were applied. Phosphorus content in grain was recorded highest when 0.5% MnSO4 + 0.5% Citric acid was applied whereas in straw maximum concentration of phosphorus was noticed when 0.5% ZnSO4 + 2% Urea were applied. Highest uptake of nitrogen in grain was found when 0.5% MnSO4 + 2.5% Urea were applied and in straw when 0.5% FeSO4 + 3 % Urea were applied. The experimental results also showed that micronutrient (Zn, Fe and Mn) concentration and uptake significantly increased as compared to control with micronutrient application (Zn, Fe and Mn).
Liminal identity of Turkey in humanitarian government

ABSTRACT During the past two decades, Turkey’s strategies in aid and assistance have been premised onits liminal identity as both Western and Eastern, to present itself as a ‘different actor’ compared to Western traditional donors. Turkey is neither in the West nor in the non-West, but continues to be an active global actor in the traditional structure of the international humanitarian order. Thisliminal identity can be considered as a positive, albeit ambivalent, status reinforcing Turkey’s activism. Turkey invokes Islamic and Ottoman aspects of its identity in recipient countries through bilateral relations, while it reinforces its Western liberal dimensions through implementing traditional practices of multilateral humanitarian government. This article argues that Turkey, being suspicious and critical of traditional actors at discourse level, remains integrated into conventional and Western structure of humanitarian government. This article analyses the different constitutive elements of Turkey’s liminal identity and how Turkey operationalizes its humanitarianism.
Now You Can Take It with You: Effects of Occupational Credential Recognition on Labor Market Outcomes

Occupational credentials are typically not portable across geography. Using policy reforms by U.S. states, we show that the limited portability of occupational licenses constrains labor market activity and geographic mobility of licensed individuals. After states implement universal recognition, a policy that allows individuals with occupational licenses issued by other states to work without repeating a costly relicensing procedure, we find that the employment ratio increases by 0.98 percentage points among licensed individuals in the sample relative to unlicensed individuals. The employment effect is co-driven by additional labor market participation and a reduction in unemployment after the policy. With the employment effect, we also find some evidence of a decline in hourly wages among licensed individuals after the policy. Regarding geographic mobility, we show that migration into states with universal recognition increased by 0.77 percentage points or 48.4% among individuals with low portability licenses. Our findings suggest that universal recognition improves license portability and labor market efficiency. JEL Code: J08, J21, J44, J61 a: West Virginia University b: Knee Center for the Study of Occupational Regulation We especially thank Morris Kleiner, Janna Johnson, Tingting Zhang, Alicia Plemmons, Matthew Mitchell, and Conor Norris for their comments and participants at sessions at the 2023 American Economic Association Conference, 2022 Southern Economic Conference, and WVU Economics Ph.D. brown bag seminar for their comments and suggestions.
Clinical Profile of Children with Primary Headache at a Tertiary Care Center in North India: A Retrospective Study

Purpose: The present study investigated the clinical profile of children with primary headache at a tertiary care center in North India. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted between January 2021 and October 2022. In total, 100 children 5 to 18 years of age who attended the pediatric outpatient department or the emergency department with primary headache were included. Children with secondary causes of headache were excluded. Results: This study included 100 children (40 boys, 60 girls), and the female-to-male ratio was 1.5:1. The patients ranged in age from 5 to 18 years (mean±standard deviation, 10.1±2.8). Mi-graine headaches were most commonly reported (60%) followed by tension-type headache (28%) and others (12%). The throbbing type of pain was most common (43%), followed by the tightening type in 32%. The pain location was bilateral frontal in 47% of patients, followed by bitemporal in 20% and occipital in 17%. Most of the children (87%) had a headache duration of 2 to 4 hours. The common precipitating factors were skipped meals (25%), bright light (18%), lack of sleep (16%), and schoolwork (15%). A family history was present in around 62%. Around 70% of children required prophylactic medications (flunarizine and propranolol). Long screen time (2 to 4 hours/day) and a family history of headache were significantly associated with primary headache ( P <0.05). Conclusion: The present study highlights that migraine is most common cause of primary head-ache in children, and every effort should be made for the early detection and management of headaches among children.
Orientation-Aware Pedestrian Attribute Recognition Based on Graph Convolution Network

Pedestrian attribute recognition (PAR) aims to generate a structured description of pedestrians and plays an important role in surveillance. Current work focusing on 2D images can achieve decent performance when there is no variation in the captured pedestrian orientation. However, the performance of these works cannot be maintained in scenarios when the orientation of pedestrians is ignored. To mitigate this problem, this paper proposes orientation-aware pedestrian attribute recognition based on graph convolution network (GCN), which is composed of an orientation-aware spatial attention (OSA) module and an orientation-guided attribute-relation learning (OAL) module. Since some attributes can be invisible for certain orientations, OSA is proposed for orientation-aware feature extraction to enhance the learned representation of the visual attributes. Moreover, since different orientations result in different relations among attributes, OAL is proposed to achieve distinguishable and impactful attribute relations by eliminating the confusion of attribute relations in different orientations. Experiments on three challenging datasets (PETA, RAP, and PA100 K) demonstrate that the proposed PAR outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by considerable margins.
Molecular Screening for High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses in Patients with Periodontitis

Members of the Papillomaviridae family account for 27.9–30% of all infectious agents associated with human cancer. The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of high-risk HPV (human papilloma virus) genotypes in patients with periodontitis and a pronounced clinical picture. To achieve this goal, after proving the bacterial etiology of periodontitis, the samples positive for bacteria were examined for the presence of HPV. The genotype of HPV is also determined in samples with the presence of the virus proven by PCR (polymerase chain reaction). All positive tests for bacteria associated with the development of periodontitis indicated the presence of HPV. There was a statistically significant difference in HPV positive results between the periodontitis positive target group and the control group. The higher presence of high-risk HPV genotypes in the target group, which was also positive for the presence of periodontitis-causing bacteria, has been proven. A statistically significant relationship was established between the presence of periodontitis-causing bacteria and high-risk strains of HPV. The most common HPV genotype that tests positive for bacteria associated with the development of periodontitis is HPV58.
Partial cavities : pressure pulse distribution around cavity closure

Pressure pulse height spectra (PPHS) are measured in the case of partial cavitation attached to the leading edge of a hydrofoil. The distributions of pressure pulses around cavity closure may significantly differ according to the type of cavity. In the case of a thin, well-closed and stable cavity, the pressure pulse distributions exhibit a strong maximum centered on the visible cavity termination. As the cavity becomes thicker and increasingly open and unsteady, the pressure pulse distribution widens. In the limit case of a cavity periodically shedding bubble clusters, no definite maximum in the pressure pulse distribution is observed. In addition, scaling of pressure pulse height spectra is approached from measurements at two different velocities
Don’t Be a Victim During a Pandemic! Analysing Security and Privacy Threats in Twitter During COVID-19

There has been a huge spike in the usage of social media platforms during the COVID-19 lockdowns. These lockdown periods have resulted in a set of new cybercrimes, thereby allowing attackers to victimise social media users with a range of threats. This paper performs a large-scale study to investigate the impact of a pandemic and the lockdown periods on the security and privacy of social media users. We analyse 10.6 Million COVID-related tweets from 533 days of data crawling and investigate users’ security and privacy behaviour in three different periods (i.e., before, during, and after the lockdown). Our study shows that users unintentionally share more personal identifiable information when writing about the pandemic situation (e.g., sharing nearby coronavirus testing locations) in their tweets. The privacy risk reaches 100% if a user posts three or more sensitive tweets about the pandemic. We investigate the number of suspicious domains shared on social media during different phases of the pandemic. Our analysis reveals an increase in the number of suspicious domains during the lockdown compared to other lockdown phases. We observe that IT, Search Engines, and Businesses are the top three categories that contain suspicious domains. Our analysis reveals that adversaries’ strategies to instigate malicious activities change with the country’s pandemic situation.
Seasonal variations of microbial community structure, assembly processes, and influencing factors in karst river

The physicochemical properties and microbial communities have significant annual and seasonal changes in karst aquifers. To explore the changes of microbial community and their relationships with environmental factors, water samples were collected from a typical karst river. Microbial communities in winter (Jan-2017 and Jan-2019) were stable with high similarity in spite of the 2 years sampling interval, but the microbial communities in Aug-2017 was different from that in Aug-2018. In four sampling times, there were 275 shared genera, whose average relative abundance ranging from 89.04 to 96.27%. The winter and summer specific genera were mainly from the recharge of tributary site K6 and discharge of waste water treatment plant (K2 and K3), respectively. The deterministic processes had a more significant effect on the microbial community assembly in winter than that in summer, which was affected by environmental pressure from pollution. Furthermore, antibiotics and inorganic nitrogen pollution affected element cycles of nitrogen and sulfur indirectly through microbial ecological modules in karst river, and the denitrification and desulfurization processes were potentially inhibited. These findings contributed to understand the changes and its assembly mechanism of microbial community, as well as the feedback to environment in polluted karst river.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care At Public Hospitals in Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major threats to global health, affecting millions of people each year and causing morbidity and mortality. The risk of acquiring chronic HVV infection varies with age, with 90% of infections acquired during the perinatal period. Despite many studies, there is little evidence of this virus in the Borena Zone. Objectives This study was done to assess seroprevalence HBVinfection and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at selected Borena Zone public hospitals from June 1 to September 30, 2022. Methods A cross-institutional study was conducted on 368 randomly selected pregnant women who received antenatal care at Yabelo General Hospital and Moyale Primary Hospital. Data on sociodemographic and HBV-related factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. A 5 mL blood sample is then taken and tested using a diagnostic method, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Finally, data were entered using Epidata version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 and Stata version 14 for analysis. Independent predictors were identified using logistic regression analysis and P < . 05 was considered statistically significant. Results The prevalence of HBV infection was 21 (5.7%) (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.74-8.61). History of hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.44, 95% CI, 1.07-11.09), traditional tonsillectomy (AOR = 4.16, 95% CI, 1.29-13.40), history of sexually transmitted infection (AOR = 5.99, 95% CI, 1.81-19.85), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (AOR = 8.28, 95% CI, 1.66-41.41), and alcohol drinking (AOR = 5.08, 95% CI, 1.49-17.31) were independent predictors of HBV infection. Conclusions The results of this study indicate a moderate prevalence of HBV in selected public hospitals in the Borena Zone. History of hospitalization, traditional tonsillectomy, sexually transmitted infections, HIV, and alcohol use was significantly associated with HBV infection. Therefore, there is a need to conduct health education and more community-based research on disease transmission routes.
Brain diffusion tensor imaging reveals altered connections and networks in epilepsy patients

Introduction Accumulating evidence shows that epilepsy is a disease caused by brain network dysfunction. This study explored changes in brain network structure in epilepsy patients based on graph analysis of diffusion tensor imaging data. Methods The brain structure networks of 42 healthy control individuals and 26 epilepsy patients were constructed. Using graph theory analysis, global and local network topology parameters of the brain structure network were calculated, and changes in global and local characteristics of the brain network in epilepsy patients were quantitatively analyzed. Results Compared with the healthy control group, the epilepsy patient group showed lower global efficiency, local efficiency, clustering coefficient, and a longer shortest path length. Both healthy control individuals and epilepsy patients showed small-world attributes, with no significant difference between groups. The epilepsy patient group showed lower nodal local efficiency and nodal clustering coefficient in the right olfactory cortex and right rectus and lower nodal degree centrality in the right olfactory cortex and the left paracentral lobular compared with the healthy control group. In addition, the epilepsy patient group showed a smaller fiber number of edges in specific regions of the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, and default mode network, indicating reduced connection strength. Discussion Epilepsy patients exhibited lower global and local brain network properties as well as reduced white matter fiber connectivity in key brain regions. These findings further support the idea that epilepsy is a brain network disorder.
Use and Impact of Satellite Atmospheric Motion Winds on ECMWF Analyses and Forecasts

Recent developments in the extraction technique of wind vectors from geostationary satellite images have led to a significant increase in the data coverage of this product. This is mainly due to the use of visible and water vapor imagery in addition to the infrared. To assess the impact of these additional data on the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts analysis and forecast system, data assimilation experiments have been performed. Winds from the water vapor channel images of the two U.S. satellites, GOES-8 and -9, and from the high-resolution visible channel of the European satellite, Meteosat-5, were included in the assimilation process in addition to the other operational observations. The results showed consistent improvements in the quality of the model first-guess wind field and showed how the new winds have a significant positive impact on the short-range forecast of the circulation in the Tropics and Southern Hemisphere. The results of a global observing system experiment withholding all satellite winds from the observing system are also discussed. The relative impact of other data types and the question of forecast verification in data-sparse regions are addressed.
Cytodifferentiation of Wulzen's cone of mature male sheep hypophysis cerebri with special emphasis on its parenchymal correlations with the adjacent pars distalis, pars intermedia and pars nervosa

Background: Hypophysis cerebri is considered the master endocrine gland as it plays a critical role in influencing and controlling the vitality of other endocrine organs via several hormones secretion. Aim: The present study was performed to clarify the localization of Wulzen's cone (WC) within sheep hypophysis and cytodifferentiation of the glandular cells filling cone parenchyma with particular emphasis on the cone correlations with adjacent pars distalis (pd), pars intermedia (pi), and pars nervosa (pn). Methods: Pituitaries were collected and processed histologically, then subjected to different combinations of special stains; Br-AB- OFG. , PFA-AB-PAS-OG. , PAS-Orange G. , Orange G- Acid Fuchsin- Light Green, Bielschowsky technique, Masson's trichrome & Gomori's reticulin. Results: A sagittal section through the pituitaries revealed a well-developed cone of glandular cells protruding from the pi like a tongue plate towards the hypophyseal cleft in the neighborhood of the pd and behind the pn. Resembling the pd, various glandular cells were distinguished in the cone; chromophobes and chromophils of acidophils & basophils. The cone is mainly formed from acidophils intermingled with the chromophobes. Meanwhile, basophils were primarily localized at the most anterior & posterior parts of the cone. In front of the cone, pd were localized, resembling a wing-shaped and filled with several categorized glandular cells; chromophobes and chromophils. Upper to the cone, pi were localized and composed mainly of weakly basophilic cuboidal or polygonal cells arranged in parallel cords or follicles. Behind the cone, pn was localized as a ventral outpouching of the brain floor-like water drop. Unlike the cone, it was devoid of any glandular secretory cells or nerve cells but consisted mainly of unmyelinated nerve fibers, herring bodies, and pituicytes. Conclusion: WC is present and well-developed in sheep adenohypophysis. Various glandular cells were distinguished, filling the cone, chromophobes, and chromophils of acidophils & basophils that were typically similar to the glandular cells of pd but with different distributions.
Long period divergent planetary waves

Abstract A simple first order perturbation procedure is used to obtain an equation for divergent planetary waves when the period is much greater than the pendulum day. For unbounded regions the equation is the s2me as one derived by Longuet-Higgins (1965), but in bounded basins it is different. As an example, the eigen frequencies of a rectangular basin are calculated for a number of values of the parameters. The energy density of planetary waves is also considered with results which correct those of Buchwald (1972) in the case of bounded basins.