Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Past Gaming Experience and Cognition as Selective Predictors of Novel Game Learning Across Different Gaming Genres

Past experience with video games and cognitive abilities have been hypothesized to independently facilitate a greater ability to learn new video games and other complex tasks. The present study was conducted to examine this “learning to learn” hypothesis. We examined the predictive effects of gaming habits (e.g., self-identification as a “gamer,” hours spent gaming per week, weekly gaming frequency, relative preference for strategy over action games) and cognitive abilities (short-term memory, working memory, and processing speed) on learning of two novel video games in 107 participants (aged 18–77 years). One video game was from the action genre, and the other was from the strategy genre. Hours spent gaming per week and working memory were found to specifically predict learning of the novel strategy video game, after controlling for the effects of age, gender, and action game learning. In contrast, self-identification as a “gamer” was the only specific significant predictor of action game learning, after controlling for the effects of age, gender, and strategy game learning. Age of the participant negatively impacted learning of both games; however, the pattern of the predictive relationships on both action and strategy game learning was not moderated by age. Importantly, a preference for the action versus the strategy game genre had no differential effects on learning of the two novel games, nor were there any gender differences in identification as a gamer or genre preference. Findings from this study suggest that while past gaming experience and cognition do appear to influence the learning of novel video games, these effects are selective to the game genre studied and are not as broad as the “learning to learn” model suggests.
The Circadian Rhythm of Body Temperature of the Horse

Rectal temperature of 10 female adult horses was recorded every 2 h for 10 consecutive days under a natural winter photoperiod (9 h of light and 15 h of darkness per day). A robust daily rhythm of body temperature was observed in all animals. The rhythm had a mean level of 38.3°C and a range of excursion of 1.0°C. Temperature started its daily ascent at dawn each day and reached a maximum 14 hours later. Body temperature of 5 of the horses was studied for 10 more days under constant illumination. The rhythm persisted under this condition, although with a slightly longer period of 24.2 h, which confirms the endogenous nature of the rhythm. Despite the fact that the body size of the horse is several orders of magnitude greater than that of rodents, the various parameters of the body temperature rhythm of the horse are similar to those of several species of rodents previously studied.
Phenological response of pea to water stress during reproductive development

Drought stress affects yield of indeterminate species, but the effects on yield components, seed number, and individual seed weight at harvest are, in some cases, contradictory. The diversity of effects can result from the complex sequential development of these plants with respect to timing of drought. Two experiments were carried out in a glasshouse to study the effect of short-term drought (about 6 d) during different periods of reproductive development on the phenology of pea (Pisum sativum L.) cv Solara, and on seed abortion and seed growth rate at each nodal location on the stem. An additional experiment was carried out in the field. Short-term stresses did not change development except for the progression of flowering along the stem which was stopped prematurely
Chemometric analysis reveals influences of hot air drying on the degradation of polyphenols in red radish

Abstract Hot air drying is a commonly used technology in the preservation of red radish. This study was designed to investigate the correlations among total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activities and polyphenol compounds in hot air dried red radish via chemometric analysis. UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS analysis detected nine non-anthocyanin polyphenols and one anthocyanin in fresh and dried red radish samples, and found that hot air drying at 80 °C caused an increase in the p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid content of the red radish. The integral effect of hot air drying on the polyphenol profile of red radish was analyzed by principle component analysis, while sparse partial least squares-discriminant analysis showed that hot air drying induced changes mainly in the contents of poncirin, naringenin, phloetin and cyanidin-3-glucoside. These polyphenol degradations occurred as non-spontaneous and endothermic reactions during the hot air drying process, following first-order reaction kinetics.
Softball pitching mechanics and shoulder injuries: a narrative review

ABSTRACT Softball is the third most popular women’s collegiate sport in the United States, with 19,680 total athletes as of the 2015–2016 season. Despite its popularity and growth in recent years, research focusing on the biomechanics of the windmill pitch and its associated shoulder injuries is relatively scarce. The incidence of shoulder injury is highest during the preseason and the beginning of the regular season. The windmill pitch can be divided into distinct phases, with the shoulder experiencing the greatest force during the delivery phase. Significant demands placed on the shoulder during the windmill pitch put pitchers at a higher risk of developing shoulder injuries than position players. Maximum shoulder compression/distraction forces during the windmill pitch have been shown to be comparable to those experienced during the baseball overhand throw, dispelling the myth that the windmill pitch is not taxing on the shoulder. Injuries associated with the high compression/distraction forces include lesions to the rotator cuff, glenoid labrum, and biceps brachii. Pitcher-specific training, cross-training, and whole-body conditioning should be incorporated into current training regimens to decrease the risk of shoulder injuries.
FURTHER RESULTS OF EXCLUDING SHEEP FROM HIGH-LEVEL GRASSLANDS IN THE NORTH PENNINES

(1) Long-term botanical studies on the effects of preventing sheep from grazing grasslands dominated by Agrostis-Festuca, Festuca, Nardus and Juncus squarrosus have been carried out on the Moor House National Nature Reserve. The sites ranged in altitude from 545 to 830 m O.D. (2) The heterogeneity of these grasslands is stressed, and the interpretation of the results obtained from relatively small fenced areas is confined to generalities. (3) Previous findings (after 8 yr of protection) of a decline in species-number is confirmed (after 24 yr of protection), but there are indications that the grasslands are in no way stable, and compositional changes are still occurring. (4) After 24 yr protection the more acidic, species-poor Festuca grasslands have become dominated by Deschampsiaflexuosa and have a bright green appearance. Carex bigelowii has increased to cover large areas of these grasslands and Festuca ovina, earlier suppressed by D. flexuosa, shows signs of recovering. The dense mat of slowly decaying vegetation has shown signs of instability and of being torn from the surface by harsh winter storms. Vaccinium heath is likely to develop on suitable areas. (5) The more species-rich Agrostis-Festuca grasslands have developed distinctive patterns of vegetation, with patches dominated by Deschampsia cespitosa, Holcus mollis, Alchemilla glabra, Rumex acetosa, Galium boreale, G. verum and Urtica dioica. These communities are expected to spread. (6) The Juncus squarrosus grassland, at the lower altitudinal range, became dominated by Eriophorum vaginatum (Juncus squarrosus was eliminated), and the vegetation is expected to revert to Calluna-Eriophorum bog. On the other hand, the Nardus grassland altered little and there are no indications of future dramatic changes in composition. (7) That no shrubs or trees have appeared is most likely due to the small size of the protected areas; seedlings have been found elsewhere on the Reserve. (8) Changes in the structure of the grasslands were considerable, and were shown to improve conditions for the invertebrate fauna. Standing crops were larger, but the consequences on the distribution of nutrients were unclear.
Parâmetros genéticos do peso no início da estação de monta, considerado indicativo do peso adulto de matrizes Nelore

Genetic parameters were estimated for weight at the beginning of breeding season (PEM), considered as an indicative of mature weight of Nelore cows. Data file comprised 7,902 records from 1,556 cows from to a selection experiment conducted at the Estacao Experimental de Zootecnia de Sertaozinho, SP, Brazil. PEM were analyzed either as the last weight available for each cow in the data file (PEM_U) or as repeated records, including all weights (PEM_R). The analyses were also performed excluding the records of cows culled before reaching 4 years of age, and for both the last (PEM_U2) and the repeated (PEM_R2) records. Variance components were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood, fitting single and multiple trait animal models. The multiple trait models included the selection weights adjusted for 378 (males only) and 550 (females only) days of age. Heritability estimates obtained from the single trait analyses were 0.30±0.05, 0.37±0.06, 0.35±0.04 and 0.42±0.05, for PEM_U, PEM_U2, PEM_R and PEM_R2, respectively. Corresponding values for the multiple trait analyses were 0.34, 0.42, 0.56, and 0.57. Repeatability estimates for PEM_R and PEM_R2 were 0.58±0.01 and 0.69±0.01 for the single, and 0.61 and 0.72 for the multiple trait analyses, respectively. Estimates of genetic changes were significantly positive and equal to 0.40±0.08 and 0.35±0.07 percent of the mean per year, for the two selected lines in the experiment. The results obtained in the present study indicated the multiple trait repeated records models as the most appropriate for analyzing the PEM as an indicative of mature weight. The PEM could be included in a selection program aiming at monitoring a desirable mature weight.
Growth rates, survivorship, and sex ratios of Juniperus virginiana on the New Jersey Piedmont from 1963 to 2000

QUINN, J. A. (Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1582) and S. J. Meiners (Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920-3099). Growth rates, survivorship, and sex ratios of Juniperus virginiana on the New Jersey Piedmont from 1963 to 2000. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 131: 187-194. 2004. -Studies of the growth, survival, and sex ratios of dioecious species have been predominantly short-term. This research investigated growth rates, survivorship, and sex ratios among cohorts of Juniperus virginiana L. from 1963 through 2000. Males (M) and females (F) in six old-fields of different ages on the New Jersey Piedmont were analyzed, starting with the initial data on height and sex expression collected by John Small on labeled recruits from 1963 through 1976. These plants were relocated and censused during the summer and fall of 2000. No changes in sex expression were recorded between 1976 and 2000. The overall sex ratio was almost 1:1 (333 M, 332 F); only one of the fields showed a significant departure from 1:1. Males grew slightly, but significantly, faster in height than females, but relative growth rates dropped by approximately 50% for both males and females once they became reproductive. Female trees were on average 23 cm taller (and older) than males at first reproduction. Heights in those males and females surviving to 2000 were not significantly different. There was no effect of an individual's sex on its likelihood of dying, but plants that became established later were shorter, often non-reproductive, and had an increased risk of mortality. These long-term results strongly support genetically-determined sex ratios and a lack of major differences between males and females in growth rates and survival, which had been suggested by single-year studies elsewhere in the species' range.
What COVID-19 outbreak in Iran teaches us about virtual medical education

The first case of COVID-19 in Iran was officially reported by the Iranian government on February 19 [1]. In order to control the rate of infection, the government decided to close all universities and schools to encourage people to stay home. As a consequence, the school of Medicine of Iran University of Medical of Sciences cancelled all classes not only at hospitals but also at university. As no exact date could be estimated for the end of university shutdowns, we had to continue medical education through e-learning-based education, which is one of the best options to cope with this situation [2,3]. Therefore, all departments were asked and encouraged to upload their lessons on the university website and prepare new study material by using up-to-date facilities and tools provided before. After several follow-ups, on the one hand, 616 multimedia educational materials were provided by departments of basic sciences, 2 months after the beginning of the outbreak, where 72 of 98 (73.5%) faculty members were involved. On the other hand, 523 materials were produced and uploaded by 227 of 541 (42%) faculty members of clinical departments during this time. Thus, the maintenance of both clinical and basic medical educations was satisfactory in general. It is noticeable that departments of basic sciences could adjust in this new situation faster than departments of clinical sciences. In fact, even among the clinical departments, the ones that were not directly involved in the treatment of COVID-19 patients were able to make new adequate materials sooner, even though almost no study material was uploaded by the departments that had to deal with this disease the most in the first month of the outbreak. In conclusion, virtual and e-learning-based medical education, including multimedia study materials, is extremely vital to provide an acceptable education for the undergraduate medical students during an outbreak. This is especially the case for a developing country like Iran, where most of the treatments all around the country are performed by academic hospitals and faculty members. So, it is plausible that during a medical crisis several departments, which are in the first line of treating the disease, cannot properly take part in this new style of medical education. Therefore, these departments would need more time to adapt to different means of teaching when social distancing is necessary.
Chemical and microbiological quality of Garris, Sudanese fermented camel's milk product

Summary In the present study, some of the chemical and microbiological characteristics of garris, a Sudanese traditionally fermented camel's milk product, were investigated. The chemical analyses included, pH, titrable acidity and ethanol contents. A total of 100 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from twenty samples of traditionally fermented household garris. The selected isolates were phenotypically characterized by their ability to ferment 49 carbohydrates using API 50 CHL kits and additional biochemical tests. LAB dominated the microflora of garris samples, and the major genera were Lactobacillus (74%), followed by Lactococcus (12%), Enterococcus (10%) and Leuconostocs (4%). The most predominant Lactobacillus species were identified as Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei (64 strains), L. fermentum (seven strains) and only three strains as L. plantarum. Most strains produced the enzymes that are relevant to cultured dairy product processing. The Lactococcus species were identified as Lactococcus lactis. The average pH value of the samples was 4.42 ± 0.21. The pH values were accompanied with increasing of titrable acidity which averaged 1.72 ± 0.04%. The relatively high amounts of ethanol detected in all samples (average 1.40 ± 0.03%) together with the high yeasts counts (6.0 ± 0.53 log10 cfu mL−1), indicated that the fermentation process of garris is a yeast-lactic fermentation.
A telephonic single breath count test for screening of exacerbations of myasthenia gravis: A pilot study

Patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) may experience worsening symptoms outside of a clinical setting. A method of diagnosing and triaging such individuals would be valuable. This study gauged the viability of a nurse‐administered single breath count test (SBCT) over the telephone for assessing MG exacerbations.
Selected chemical and microbiological changes in refrigerated pork stored in carbon dioxide and oxygen enriched atmospheres

Bacterial populations and lactic acid isomers, short chain fatty acids, acetoin/diacetyl, and diamine concentrations were measured in refrigerated pork stored at 2°C in CO 2 /air and CO 2 /O 2 atmospheres. Relationships between bacterial counts in different culture media and the byproducts formed during storage have been established.
Phytoplankton of shallow lakes: Seasonal succession, standing crop and the chief determinants of primary productivity, 1. Cooking Lake, Alberta, Canada

Cooking Lake (113°02′W, 53°26′N), a well-mixed, shallow (mean depth (1.59 m), eutrophic lake in Alberta, Canada, is characterized by eutrophic chlorococcalean and cyanophycean phytoplankton associations, and little change in standing crop with increasing depth. Standing crop and primary productivity are low during the winter but pronounced spring and summer maxima occur. Mean yearly areal standing crop (ΔB) and primary productivity (ΔA) were 212.4 mg m−2 chlorophyll a and 301.8 mg C h−1 m−2 respectively. Annual productivity was estimated at 1322 g C m−2. The mean increase in the extinction coefficient (ɛ) per unit increase in standing crop (B) was 0.03 In units m−1. High non-algal light attenuation (ɛq) occurred avenging 41 which prevented the ratio B/ɛ from attaining more than 65% of the theoretical maximum except once when algal self-shading occurred. Close correlations existed between B (mg m−3 chlorophyll a) and A max (mg h−1 m−3) ΔA and ΔB, ΔA and B, Amax, and Amax/ɛ, and ΔA and Io′, (W m−2). The depth of the euphotic zone (Zeu) varied between 0.5 and 1 25 m; the average relationship between zeu and E was Zeu= 3.74/ɛ, and the mean standing Crop found in the euphotic zone represented 55.2% of the theoretical maximum, The high ɛq, values made the model of Tailing (1957) inapplicable to Cooking Lake. The Q10 value for the lake was 2.2. The maximum rate of photosynthesis per unit of population per h. Omax, (mg C sag chlorophyll a−1 h−1) was more closely related to temperature than irradiance and ma depressed by pH values greater than 9.1. Growth of the phytoplankton was not nutrient limited: instead irradiance and temperature were more important. Indirect evidence that free CO2 limited photosynthetic rates, is provided by the Omax: pH relationship.
The BNT-15 provides an accurate measure of English proficiency in cognitively intact bilinguals – a study in cross-cultural assessment

Abstract This study was designed to replicate earlier reports of the utility of the Boston Naming Test – Short Form (BNT-15) as an index of limited English proficiency (LEP). Twenty-eight English-Arabic bilingual student volunteers were administered the BNT-15 as part of a brief battery of cognitive tests. The majority (23) were women, and half had LEP. Mean age was 21.1 years. The BNT-15 was an excellent psychometric marker of LEP status (area under the curve: .990–.995). Participants with LEP underperformed on several cognitive measures (verbal comprehension, visuomotor processing speed, single word reading, and performance validity tests). Although no participant with LEP failed the accuracy cutoff on the Word Choice Test, 35.7% of them failed the time cutoff. Overall, LEP was associated with an increased risk of failing performance validity tests. Previously published BNT-15 validity cutoffs had unacceptably low specificity (.33–.52) among participants with LEP. The BNT-15 has the potential to serve as a quick and effective objective measure of LEP. Students with LEP may need academic accommodations to compensate for slower test completion time. Likewise, LEP status should be considered for exemption from failing performance validity tests to protect against false positive errors.
INFERRING TAXONOMIC POSITIONS AND TESTING GENUS LEVEL ASSIGNMENTS IN COCCOID GREEN LICHEN ALGAE: A PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF 18S RIBOSOMAL RNA SEQUENCES FROM DICTYOCHLOROPSIS RETICULATA AND FROM MEMBERS OF THE GENUS MYRMECIA (CHLOROPHYTA, TREBOUXIOPHYCEAE CL. NOV.)1

Complete nuclear‐encoded small‐subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) coding sequences were determined for the coccoid green algae Dictyochloropsis reticulata (Tschermak‐Woess) Tschermak‐Woess, Myrmecia astigmatica Vinatzer, and M. bisecta Reisigl, to investigate the taxonomic position of Dictyochloropsis Geitler and of the genus Myrmecia Printz. Phylogenies inferred from these data revealed a sister‐group relationship between D. reticulata and certain coccoid green algae that lack motile stages (autosporic coccoids) within the order Microthamniales. The monophyletic origin of the Microthamniales, including autosporic coccoids previously classified in the Chlorophyceae, is clearly resolved by the rRNA sequence data. This finding. shows the considerable taxonomic breadth of that order, whose taxonomic position has been unclear so far. A new class, Trebouxiophyceae, is proposed for this group of green algae. Phylogenetic inferences from the rRNA sequences show paraphyly of the genus Myrmecia. The 18S rRNA sequence data suggest that, among taxa that share similar vegetative cell morphologies, the zoospore characters resolve better the actual genus and species boundaries. Within identical zoospore types, the rRNA data allow further resolution of taxonomic relationships. On the basis of the.se findings, I propose that the genus Friedmannia Chantanachat ± Bold be merged into Myrmecia and that only those species be left in the genus Myrmecia that are identical in particular zoospore characters (i.e. those described in detail for M. israeliensis (Chantanachat ± Bold) comb, nov.), namely M. astigmatica, M. biatorellae (Tschermak‐Woess ± Ptesst) Petersen, and M. israeliensis. Myrmecia bisecta has to be excluded from Myrmecia; its taxonomic position within the Trebouxiophyceae is unclear.
Assessing the Links Between Parenting Practices, Moral Emotions, and Cyberbullying Perpetrations Among a Sample of Iranian Sports Fans

Parenting practices have direct effects on children’s moral development and delinquency. A growing empirical literature also documents the influence of morality on offending patterns. Yet, our understanding of the interrelationships among parenting practices, morality, and cyberbullying is limited. This study contributes to and extends this line of research by examining the extent to which moral emotions mediate the relationship between parenting practices and sports fans’ cyberbullying. We used a sample of 384 Iranian high school students from the 35th Boys Sports Olympiad Tournament in Shiraz, Iran. The results from structural modeling analysis show that both parenting practices and moral emotions are associated with the likelihood of sports fans’ decision to perpetrate cyberbullying and that moral emotions mediate the association between parenting practices and cyberbullying. The robust and consistent patterns of the results signify the importance of parenting and moral development in curbing the problem of cyberbullying.