Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Schwarzschild Velocity Distribution of the Local Stellar Disk

The reaction between aperiodically growing Jeans-type gravity perturbations and stars in a rapidly rotating disk is analyzed with quasi-linear theory. The theory, applied to the solar neighborhood in the Galaxy, accounts for the observed Schwarzschild (anisotropic Maxwellian) shape for the stellar velocity ellipsoid and the increase in the random stellar velocities with age.
A 1/Z-expansion analysis of singlet-triplet differences in the lowest 1,3Πstates of H2, HeH+, and LiH++

Energy differences, and differences in kinetic energies, nuclear attraction energies and interelectronic repulsion energies are given for the lowest 1,3 Pi states of H2, HeH+, and LiH++, and an analysis of the results in terms of 1/Z-expansions is presented. If Z is used to denote the charge of the nucleus of higher atomic number, then it is found that at low Z the difference in interelectronic repulsion is dominated by higher-order terms, and that the often-quoted statement that the singlet-triplet energy difference is twice an exchange integral is true only for high values of the nuclear charge Z.
Highly Conductive and Transparent Aluminum Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering

Highly conductive films of Al-doped ZnO have been prepared by rf magnetron sputtering of a ZnO target with Al2O3 dopant of 1–2 wt% in content added. Films with resistivity as low as 2×10-4 Ωcm and transmittance above 80% at the wavelength between 400 and 800 nm can be produced on low temperature substrate with a relatively high deposition rate. It is shown that a stable resistivity for use in various ambients at high temperature can be attained for the films. The characteristic features of Al-doped ZnO films are their high carrier concentration and low mobility in comparison with non-doped ZnO films.
Modeling chromatic instrumental effects for a better model fitting of optical interferometric data

Current interferometers often collect data simultaneously in many spectral channels by using dispersed fringes. Such polychromatic data provide powerful insights in various physical properties, where the observed objects show particular spectral features. Furthermore, one can measure spectral differential visibilities that do not directly depend on any calibration by a reference star. But such observations may be sensitive to instrumental artifacts that must be taken into account in order to fully exploit the polychromatic information of interferometric data. As a specimen, we consider here an observation of P Cygni with the VEGA visible combiner on CHARA interferometer. Indeed, although P Cygni is particularly well modeled by the radiative transfer code CMFGEN, we observe questionable discrepancies between expected and actual interferometric data. The problem is to determine their origin and disentangle possible instrumental effects from the astrophysical information. By using an expanded model fitting, which includes several instrumental features, we show that the differential visibilities are well explained by instrumental effects that could be otherwise attributed to the object. Although this approach leads to more reliable results, it assumes a fit specific to a particular instrument, and makes it more difficult to develop a generic model fitting independent of any instrument.
Applying Unique Molecular Indices with an Extensive All-in-One Forensic SNP Panel for Improved Genotype Accuracy and Sensitivity

One of the major challenges in forensic genetics is being able to detect very small amounts of DNA. Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) enables sensitive detection; however, genotype errors may exist and could interfere with the interpretation. Common errors in MPS-based analysis are often induced during PCR or sequencing. Unique molecular indices (UMIs) are short random nucleotide sequences ligated to each template molecule prior to amplification. Applying UMIs can improve the limit of detection by enabling accurate counting of initial template molecules and removal of erroneous data. In this study, we applied the FORCE panel, which includes ~5500 SNPs, with a QIAseq Targeted DNA Custom Panel (Qiagen), including UMIs. Our main objective was to investigate whether UMIs can enhance the sensitivity and accuracy of forensic genotyping and to evaluate the overall assay performance. We analyzed the data both with and without the UMI information, and the results showed that both genotype accuracy and sensitivity were improved when applying UMIs. The results showed very high genotype accuracies (>99%) for both reference DNA and challenging samples, down to 125 pg. To conclude, we show successful assay performance for several forensic applications and improvements in forensic genotyping when applying UMIs.
Partially condensing mappings in partially ordered normed linar spaces and applications to functional integral equations

In this paper, the author introduces a notion of partially condensing mappings in a partially ordered normed linear space and proves some hybrid fixed point theorems under certain mixed conditions of algebra, analysis and topology. The applications of abstract results presented here are given to some nonlinear functional integral equations for proving the existence as well as global attractivity of the comparable solutions under certain monotonicity conditions. The abstract theory presented here is very much useful to develop the algorithms for the solutions of some nonlinear problems of analysis and allied areas of mathematics. A realization of of our hypotheses is also indicated by a numerical example.
Effectiveness evaluation of online Mindfulness in mental health and alcohol consumption in medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression, and alcohol consumption has increased among medical students. Mindfulness is an intervention to decrease these psychopathologies and alcohol consumption; however, evidence has shown unclear results regarding its efficacy. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of an online Mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) on stress, anxiety, and depression symptomatology levels, as well as on alcohol consumption and mindfulness status in medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method. A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 237 students, obtaining sociodemographic data. In addition the levels of psychopathology, alcohol consumption, and state of mindfulness: were measured pre-and post-intervention through the DASS-21, AUDIT, and MASS instruments. Eight online Mindfulness sessions were conducted once a week for approximately one hour each. Results. MBI did not reduce levels of psychopathologies or alcohol consumption, nor did the mindfulness status improve. High levels of psychopathologies, dropout rate, and lack of voluntary participation were the main factors limiting the effectiveness of the online MBI. Discussion and conclusion. The online MBI wasn’t effective among the population under study: we recommend generation strategies where students are involved in and complete intervention programs. Results from this research will help enhance future online mindfulness interventions.
Drift wave stability of inverted gradient profiles in tokamaks

The stability theory of the drift wave and trapped electron mode is extended to include the dissipative contributions from electrons in three collisionality regimes. Application of the theory to the inverted profiles (∇n∇T<0) shows a substantial gain in stability over normal profiles (∇n∇T≳0) for ν*e<0.3 and a destabilization for ν*e≳1.0.
Dynamical variant of the BC-method: theory and numerical testing

This paper deals with an approach to the inverse problems based upon their relations to the boundary control theory (so called BC-method). It continues the series of works demonstrating computational opportunities of the method; namely, its dynamical variant is considered. The paper contains the detailed outline of the BC-method which is supplemented with results on numerical experiment in 2D test inverse problem.
Recent progress in neuromorphic and memory devices based on graphdiyne

ABSTRACT Graphdiyne (GDY) is an emerging two-dimensional carbon allotrope featuring a direct bandgap and fascinating physical and chemical properties, and it has demonstrated its promising potential in applications of catalysis, energy conversion and storage, electrical/optoelectronic devices, etc. In particular, the recent breakthrough in the synthesis of large-area, high-quality and ultrathin GDY films provides a feasible approach to developing high-performance electrical devices based on GDY. Recently, various GDY-based electrical and optoelectronic devices including multibit optoelectronic memories, ultrafast nonvolatile memories, artificial synapses and memristors have been proposed, in which GDY plays a crucial role. It is essential to summarize the recent breakthrough of GDY in device applications as a guidance, especially considering that the existing GDY-related reviews mainly focus on the applications in catalysis and energy-related fields. Herein, we review GDY-based novel memory and neuromorphic devices and their applications in neuromorphic computing and artificial visual systems. This review will provide an insight into the design and preparation of GDY-based devices and broaden the application fields of GDY. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Weakly-peripherally multiplicative conditions and isomorphisms between uniform algebras

Suppose that A and B are uniform algebras on compact Hausdorff spaces X and Y , respectively. Let ; : ¥E iae A and S; T : ¥E iae B be mappings on a nonempty set ¥E. Suppose that (¥E); (¥E) and S(¥E); T(¥E) are closed under multiplications and contain expA and expB respectively and that S(e1) io S(¥E). 1, T(e2) io T(¥E). 1 with |S(e1)T(e2)| = 1 on Ch(B) for some fixed e1; e2 io A1 with (e1) = (e2) = 1. If  (S(f)T(g)) iu  ((f) (g)) . = . for all f; g io ¥E and there exists a first-countable dense subset DB in Ch(B), or a first-countable dense subset DA in Ch(A), then there exists an algebra isomorphism eS : A iae B such that eS((f)) = S(e1). 1S(f) and eS( (f)) = T(e2). 1T(f) for every f io ¥E.
Gut Dysbiosis: A Target for Protective Interventions against Parkinson’s Disease

Sub-chronic inflammation, caused by age-related dysbiosis, primes the brain to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Evidence revealed that Parkinson’s disease (PD) might originate in the gut, demonstrating gastro-intestinal disturbances, as reported by PD patients long before developing motor symptoms. In this study, we conducted comparative analyses in relatively young and old mice maintained in conventional or gnotobiotic conditions. We aimed to confirm that the effects induced by age-related dysbiosis, rather than aging itself, sensitize to PD onset. This hypothesis was confirmed in germ-free (GF) mice, which proved resistant to the pharmacological induction of PD, regardless of their age. Contrary to conventional animals, old GF mice did not develop an inflammatory phenotype or an accumulation of iron in the brain, two catalysts sensitizing to disease onset. The resistance of GF mice to PD is reverted when colonized with stool collected from conventional old animals, but not if receiving bacterial content from young mice. Hence, changes in gut microbiota composition are a risk factor for PD development and can be targeted preventively by iron chelators, shown to protect the brain from pro-inflammatory intestinal priming that sensitizes to neuroinflammation and the development of severe PD.
Observations of rapid mean flow produced in mercury by a moving heater

Abstract Experimental and theoretical results are described for the moving flame experiment, where a heat source moves under a horizontal, annular channel filled with liquid mercury. The physical range under discussion consists of the creep flow limit, in which inertial forces are less than viscous forces. A mean surface flow was observed on the mercury. This flow was up to four times greater than the heater speed, and in an opposite direction. The ratio of mean flow to heater speed was theoretically and experimentally found to be proportional to the square of the thermal amplitude, in agreement with a special limit of Davey's earlier results. The basic flow here, as contrasted to those flows analyzed by earlier theories, appears to be generated by surface tension. However, the Reynolds stress mechanism which generates the mean flow is the same. Some experimental flows were so rapid that the range of validity of the present, as well as some earlier theories, was exceeded. The present theory suggests that .
Three decades of the framing perspective on social movements: Changing trends and continuities

This article reviews the development of the framing perspective on social movements since its emergence over three decades ago. The review led to three conclusions. During this period, the impact of the perspective has increased, its conceptual development has continued, and the types of the studies have shown major changes and continuities. For example, the initial predominance of descriptive and static studies has changed with the development of a significant number of explanatory studies on both framing and frame transformations, as well as on the consequences of their characteristics for the social movement. However, studies on frame structure or the emotions they evoke are still rare.
More on the scintillation response of NaI(Tl)

The NaI:Tl scintillation response has been studied for over four decades. Two of the significant conclusions that have been made from these studies (with respect to using NaI(Tl) to detect gamma rays and X-rays) are: (1) the NaI(Tl) scintillation response is nearly linear (especially over limited energy ranges) and (2) the NaI(Tl) scintillation response has significant nonproportionalities; while these conclusions may at first appear to be inconsistent with each other, upon further consideration these conclusions are not mutually exclusive. In fact, these conclusions are fully consistent with each other. Published results typically confirm only one of these conclusions (as it was likely the intention to study either linearity or proportionality, but not both) and are not always presented such that direct comparisons can be made with other results. Consequently, it is critical that both the intent of the study and the means with which the results are presented be appropriately considered. Otherwise, it is possible to make inaccurate conclusions about both linearity and proportionality. To facilitate accurate conclusions and meaningful comparisons, this study defines a fully consistent nomenclature, examines some of the subtleties which must be considered when comparing scintillation response results, and uses a review of the literature to demonstrate both the definitions and the subtleties.
Experimental Study on Performance Improvement in Dopant-Segregated Schottky Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors

Factors that underlie the performance improvement of dopant-segregated Schottky (DSS) metal–oxide–semicondutor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) compared with conventional (Conv.) MOSFETs are examined experimentally. Three factors are compared for DSS and Conv. MOSFETs; namely, effective junction depth, the hot carrier effect, and parasitic resistance. We found that all the following factors are associated with performance improvement in DSS MOSFETs: shallower junction depth, higher impact ionization rate, and lower parasitic resistance. It is considered that the shallower junction depth and lower parasitic resistance respectively contribute to the better short-channel-effect immunity and higher drive current of the DSS MOSFETs. The higher impact ionization rate is consistent with the higher carrier injection velocity, which is another factor of the drive current enhancement. We focus on the reduction of parasitic resistance and compare the components of the parasitic resistances of DSS and Conv. MOSFETs to analyze the factors of the reduction of parasitic resistance. We also speculate on the effectiveness of the parasitic resistance reduction in DSS FETs as high-performance devices for future LSIs.
Determination of constant Hue Loci for a CRT gamut and their predictions using color appearance spaces

A colorimetrically characterized computer-controlled CRT display was used to determine 24 loci of constant perceived hue for pseudo-object related stimuli, sampling the display's interior color gamut at constant lightness and the edge of its gamut at variable lightness. Nine observers performed three replications generating matching data at 132 positions. the constant hue loci were used to evaluate the correlation between perceived hue and hue angle of CIELAB, CIELUV, Hunt, and Nayatani color appearance spaces. the CIELAB, CIELUV, and Hunt spaces exhibited large errors in the region of the blue CRT primary, while the Nayatani and CIELUV spaces produced large errors in the region of the red primary for constant lightness stimuli. Along the edge of the CRT's color gamut (variable lightness stimuli), all the spaces had a similar trend, large errors in the cyan region. the differences in performance between the four spaces were not statistically significant for the constant lightness stimuli. For the variable lightness stimuli, CIELAB and CIELUV had statistically superior performance in comparison with the Nayatani space and equal performance in comparison with the Hunt space. It was concluded that for imaging applications, a new color appearance space needs to be developed that will produce small hue error artifacts when used for gamut mapping along loci of constant hue angle. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Response of a Human Lens Epithelial Cell Line to Hyperglycemic and Oxidative Stress: The Role of Aldose Reductase

A common feature of different types of diabetes is the high blood glucose levels, which are known to induce a series of metabolic alterations, leading to damaging events in different tissues. Among these alterations, both increased polyol pathway flux and oxidative stress are considered to play relevant roles in the response of different cells. In this work, the effect on a human lens epithelial cell line of stress conditions, consisting of exposure to either high glucose levels or to the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, is reported. The occurrence of osmotic imbalance, alterations of glutathione levels, and expression of inflammatory markers was monitored. A common feature of the two stress conditions was the expression of COX-2, which, only in the case of hyperglycemic stress, occurred through NF-κB activation. In our cell model, aldose reductase activity, which is confirmed as the only activity responsible for the osmotic imbalance occurring in hyperglycemic conditions, seemed to have no role in controlling the onset of the inflammatory phenomena. However, it played a relevant role in cellular detoxification against lipid peroxidation products. These results, in confirming the multifactorial nature of the inflammatory phenomena, highlight the dual role of aldose reductase as having both damaging but also protecting activity, depending on stress conditions.
Infrared Singularities and Massive Fields

We examine some problems associated with the low-momentum behavior of gauge theories and other renormalizable field theories. Our main interest is in the infrared structure of unbroken non-Abelian gauge theories and how this is affected by the presence of other heavy fields coupled to the massless gauge fields. It is shown in the context of a simple model of gauge mesons coupled to massive fermions that the heavy fields decouple at low momenta except for their contribution to renormalization effects. This result is used to discuss the mass-shell structure of the fermion propagator. The decoupling theorem is then stated for a general renormalizable theory and applied to some interesting examples. One is a more general gauge theory which makes use of the Higgs mechanism and attempts to unify the elementary particle forces. Another is the connection of the linear and nonlinear σ models in the limit mσ→∞.
Successful management of Epstein‑Barr virus‑associated severe checkpoint inhibitor‑related pneumonitis: A case report

A novel current treatment, immunotherapy, is normally effective for pulmonary lymphoepithelial carcinoma (pLELC). However, it is frequently accompanied by responses such as immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated pneumonitis (CIP), a rare immune adverse reaction that may be fatal in severe cases. pLELC is known to be linked to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), while associations between EBV and CIP in clinical settings have rarely been reported. A 57-year-old male patient with pLELC presented at our hospital with cough, expectoration, fever and dyspnea following his third course of immunotherapy at another hospital. Diagnosis of grade 4 CIP was confirmed. Simultaneously, a rapid increase in the EBV titer and response of CIP to corticosteroids were observed. The corticosteroids and antiviral drugs were then increased. In spite of his severe condition, the patient recovered within eight days. After discontinuing antiviral drugs, chest computed tomography indicated rapid lesion progression and significantly increased bilateral multiple metastases. To our knowledge, the present study was the first to report a case of CIP caused by EBV during immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. It indicates that EBV may be associated with CIP development. As immunotherapy has off-target effects, clinicians should remain aware of combined corticosteroids and antivirals in similar cases.
Analysing the Impact on Health and Environment from Biogas Production Process and Biomass Combustion: A Scoping Review

The increasing demand for renewable energy production entails the development of novel green technologies, among them the use of biomass for energy generation. Industrial processes raise new issues regarding emerging risks for the health of people working in biogas plants and of nearby communities. The potential epidemiological and environmental impacts on human health related to biogas plants were assessed by means of a review of the available literature. Nineteen papers published between 2000 and 2022 were identified through electronic database search using search strings. The selected works are epidemiological studies and environmental monitoring studies, which aimed at investigating what are the health risk factors for biogas plant workers and for people living in the surrounding communities. The results of the epidemiological studies revealed a potential exposure to endotoxins and fungi that are associated with respiratory symptoms. Furthermore, the results from the environmental monitoring studies showed significant concentrations of particulate matter, microbial agents, endotoxins, and VOCs in occupational settings. In conclusion, the results of this literature review suggest that further analyses through an integrated approach combining environmental and health data are necessary for a comprehensive understanding of the potential risks associated with the uptake of biogas technology.