Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Between race and class: a critical review of linguistic scholarship on African continuities in Brazilian Portuguese

In this essay, I investigate (socio)linguistic scholarship on African continuities in Brazilian Portuguese to analyze the semiotic ideologies that inform academic literature on this topic. I argue that there are two main schools of thought within this field: the one that sees race as a prominent analytical category, and the one that favors social class over race. I claim that there are three commonalities to different frameworks analyzed here: (1) racialized speech is often equated with Africannes; (2) Africanness is commonly treated as an index of pre-modern times; and (3) Africanness is perceived as foreign to the modern present. In addition, I also suggest that authors who privilege social class over race – as an analytical tool – might be aligned with the ideology of racial democracy.
The reading comprehension of Grade 5 Setswana-speaking learners in rural schools in South Africa: Does home language matter?

The main aim of the study was to determine the reading comprehension performance of Grade 5 Setswana-speaking children in a rural province in South Africa, where the language of learning and teaching (LoLT) is English. Thirty-four Grade 5 learners from one province and from the same socio-economic background were selected through purposive sampling. The research design adopted was non-experimental, descriptive and quantitative in nature. Participants were required to perform reading comprehension tasks in English and Setswana. Four stories were utilised from the reading comprehension subtest of the GORT-4™ Test Form A. Two of the stories from the test were administered on completion of the English reading comprehension task. The other two stories were translated and adapted into Setswana. The mean raw scores of results obtained were calculated and comparisons at different levels were performed using t-tests. Results revealed poor overall reading comprehension scores in both languages; with scores below 55%. Furthermore, current results indicated better performance in Setswana reading comprehension, with higher scores obtained in the difficult Setswana story than in English. These findings were statistically significant (p<.05). Implications of the influence of home / first language on reading comprehension, if the LoLT is not the learner’s first language, are raised.
DESIGN OF FFT ARCHITECTURE USING KOGGE STONE ADDER

An efficient Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm is used in the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) applications in order to compute the discrete Fourier transform. Also, a Single Path Delay Feedback (SDF) which is pipeline FFT architecture is used for faster performance to achieve high throughput. In conventional method, the FFT design has high delay and power due to time taken by the multiplication part. To decrease the delay, Kogge Stone Parallel Prefix Adder (KSPPA) is used with booth multiplier. As SDF is a simpler approach to realize FFT in different length, 64-point Radix-4 SDF-FFT algorithm using KSPPA in the booth multiplier is discussed in this study. The system is implemented in Xilinx 12.4 ISE and simulated using MODELSIM 6.3c. Results show that the system reduces the delay and power.
An Investigation of Preservice Teachers’ Levels of Metacognitive Awareness in Terms of Certain Variables

Ustbilisi konu alan bu calismanin 2 amaci vardir: ogretmen adaylarinin (1) ustbilissel farkindalik duzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve (2) ustbilissel farkindaliklarinin akademik basari, cinsiyet, sinif duzeyleri ve ogrenim gorulen bolum degiskenleri acisindan incelenmesidir. Calisma grubunu biyoloji, fizik ve kimya ogretmen adaylari (N=367) olusturmaktadir. Ogretmen adaylarinin ustbilissel farkindaliklarinin tespit edilmesi icin Ustbilissel Farkindalik Envanteri (UFE) veri toplama araci olarak kullanildi. Bu calismanin modeli iliskisel tarama modelidir. Elde edilen verilerin analizi icin Pearson korelasyon analizi, iliskisiz orneklemler t-testi ve tek faktorlu ANOVA testi yapildi. Analiz sonuclarina gore ogretmen adaylarinin ustbilissel farkindaliklari ile akademik basarilari ile arasinda anlamli bir iliski oldugu belirlendi. Ayrica ogretmen adaylarinin ustbilissel farkindaliklarinin sinif duzeylerine gore de farklilik gosterdigi tespit edildi. Ancak ogretmen adaylarinin ustbilissel farkindaliklari ile cinsiyet ve ogrenim gorulen bolum degiskenleri arasinda bir fark olmadigi belirlendi.
The effects of a maternal personality, children’s behavioral characteristics, and parenting styles on the dental anxiety of 3- to 6-year-old children

Background: Many individual and environmental factors cause dental anxiety in children. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a maternal personality, children’s behavioral characteristics, and parenting styles on the dental anxiety of threeto six-year-old children. Methods: The parents of 230 children who applied to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Ondokuz, Mayıs University were involved in this study. The “Temperament and Character Inventory”, “Child Behavior List”, and “Parenting Attitude Scale” were applied to the volunteer parents. All data were statistically analyzed (p < 0.05). Results: From the results of determining the maternal personality, it was found that the score of “novelty seeking” and those of all the character dimensions were statistically significantly higher in the dental anxiety group than in the control group, while the scores of “reward dependence” and persistence were statistically significantly lower in the dental anxiety group (p < 0.001). From the aspect of children’s behavior characteristics, the scores of “inhibitory control” (p = 0.029) and permissive attitude among the parenting styles were statistically significantly higher in the dental anxiety group (p = 0.027). Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that maternal characteristics, children’s behavioral characteristics, and parenting attitudes affect the dental anxiety of threeto six-year-old children.
Circulating Neural and Muscle Progenitor Mononuclear Cells in Blood of Down Syndrome Patients = الخلايا أحادية النواة المهيئة للعضلات و الأعصاب في دم مرضى متلازمة داون

Background: Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder, which is associated with various manifestations including neuromuscular defects. These defects should be compensated through other pathways for regeneration and repair, with growing evidence suggest that circulating neural and muscle progenitor cells have pivotal role in the maintenance of muscle and neural tissues integrity and repair after injury. Objective: The aim of the present work was to determine factors and markers of muscle and neural regeneration in the blood of Down syndrome (DS) patients as well as controls and demonstrating correlation between them. Subjects and Methods: This study was carried out on 40 DS patients and 30 apparently healthy controls. DS patients were selected from cases already diagnosed by chromosomal karyotyping in the genetic unit, pediatric department, Cairo University. Factors of regeneration were measured in terms of NGF, SDF-1 and Galectin-1 using ELISA. Markers of regeneration were measured in terms of circulating mononuclear cells expressing Nestin, CD34 and CD45 using flow cytometry. Results: Results showed significant increase in plasma NGF,SDF-1, and Gal-1 in DS patients compared to controls. On the other hand, we demonstrated significant decrease in Nestin, CD34, and CD45 surface marker. Our results showed negative correlation between NGF and Nestin, between SDF-1 and CD34, and between Gal-1 and CD45 among DS patients. Conclusion: The significant increase in the NGF, SDF-1 and Gal-1 accompanied by a significant decrease in number of mononuclear cells expressing, Nestin, CD34 and CD45 indicated neuromuscular degeneration in DS, which was not compensated by the regenerative mechanism.
A Hybrid DEA Based CHAID and Imperialist Competitive Algorithm for Stock Selection

In this paper, the investment portfolio is formed based on the data mining algorithm of CHAID on the basis of the risk status criteria. In the next step, the second investment portfolio is created based on the decision rules extracted by the DEA-BCC model. The final portfolio is created through a two-objective mathematical programming model based on the Imperialist Competitive algorithm.
How Does the Attitude to Sustainable Food Influence the Perception of Customers at the Point of Sale? - An Eye-Tracking Study

mportance of sustainable consumption. Consumers associate sustainable products with ecological and regional production including a high credibility. In order to take advantage of this trend manufacturers of sustainable foods must communicate the sustainability of their products via packaging and displays at the point of sale. The objective of this article is to examine how the design of display elements succeeds in conveying sustainability for a new organic juice. In addition, the perception of individual design elements of sustainable products is determined. To this end, a field study was carried out in a supermarket combining eye-tracking technology with a survey of 32 customers. At the entrance, customers were asked to buy a variety of the newly introduced "Emslander" organic juice, and then participate in the survey. The results demonstrate that customers with a positive attitude towards sustainable food fixate individual display elements referring to sustainability components for longer and remember product features better. Hence, the positive attitude towards sustainable food results in a higher visual attention at the point of sale. These findings provide recommendations for the design of the display.
Predictors of happiness among pregnant women: a regression analysis

Background: Happiness can influence on the psychological well-being and physical health of pregnant women. Mood swings during pregnancy affect attachment to the child and negative emotions are associated with increased risk of low birth weight, early delivery, and failure in breastfeeding. Objective: This study aimed to assess the happiness and its predictor variables among pregnant women. Methods: This study was conducted on 480 pregnant women referred to AL-Zahra teaching hospital in Rasht (Iran) in 2018. The study employed a questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic characteristics and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by IBM-SPSS version 21, using descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression. Results: A total of 88 (18.3%) women had low happiness level, 314 (65.4%) moderate level, and 78 (16.3%) high level of happiness. Their happiness had a significant association with age (p=0.001), education (p=0.041), occupation (p=0.029), marital satisfaction (p=0.001), husband's education (p=0.003), monthly income (p=0.001), order of pregnancy (p=0.001), planned pregnancy (p=0.001), abortion history (p=0.003), comorbid disease (p=0.032), and family support (p=0.001). Out of these factors, marital satisfaction (B=0.205), planned pregnancy (B=0.374), and monthly income (B=0.359) were identified to explain the variance in independent variables in pregnant women. Conclusion: By identification of the predictors of happiness, obstetricians and midwives can improve the happiness level of pregnant women by providing information and eliminating unnecessary worries.
Impact of career success on organizational performance: A study of health care sector

Management and organizational studies consider career success and organizational performance as imperative constructs. However, there has been dearth of literature with respect to its practice in healthcare field. Purpose of current study is to determine impact of career success on organizational performance of public health care hospitals, and to investigate possible dimensions of included variables. Preliminary snooping incorporated focused group and semi-structured interviews of medical practitioners who are currently working in the public hospitals in Lahore. In addition a questionnaire was distributed through convenience sampling technique. Out of total 300 distributed questionnaires, 200 were received back. EFA reveals four dimensions of career success and three dimensions of organizational performance. SEM results prove that career success of medical practitioners is important for improving performance of public hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. This research is helpful for policy making and strategic development in health care field. However, the findings are limited to the local setting of Pakistan.
Community acquired pneumonia and demographic factors: A cross sectional study

Background: Pneumonia is very common disease. The aim of the study was to find out the determinants of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) among children and association of demographics.Subjects and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted from September 2017 to January 2018 Pediatrics department of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital. Hundred pneumonic children under the age of five years were screened by non-probability convenient sampling. Pre-tested questionnaires were used for the collection of data.Results: Out of 100 pneumonic children, the percentage of males was 66%, 51% of families were from low socioeconomic status and 59% of pneumonic children had incomplete vaccination course. 63% of mothers were not having enough knowledge regarding pneumonia, 42% of children had poor sanitary habits and 55% children were having exposure to tobacco.Conclusion: Study concluded that incomplete vaccination, less practice of exclusive breast feeding, excessive tobacco exposure, lack of enough knowledge regarding pneumonia, low socioeconomic status were found to be the contributing factors in CAP.
Dietary Patterns and Longevity

The scientific literature on diet and health is large and burgeoning. Until now, researchers have focused predominantly on the effects of individual nutrients and sometimes foods, but rarely on dietary patterns. Outcomes are often biomarkers, risk factors, or morbidity. Studies with total mortality as an outcome are uncommon, in large part because the sample size must be extremely large and/or the duration of follow-up long. Nonetheless, such studies are important because mortality as an outcome has unequivocal clinical relevance. In this issue of Circulation, Heidemann and colleagues1 document the relationship of 2 dietary patterns with total and cause-specific mortality.
CEG_A_200875 193..201

Dag A Sangnes Eirik Søfteland Tonje Teigland Georg Dimcevski 1Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; 2The National Centre for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; 3Clinical Institute 1, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; 4Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; 5Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway Purpose: Determining gastric emptying is mandatory in the diagnosis of diabetic gastroparesis. Several methods of investigation exist, but none has proven reliable, inexpensive and accessible. In this study, we aimed to compare gastric emptying of radiopaque markers (ROM) and carbon-labelled gastric emptying breath tests for solids (GEBT). We also aimed to determine any association between gastric emptying and patient-reported symptoms, glycemic control and the patients’ age, diabetes duration and occurrence of other late complications. Patients and methods: Forty-five patients (30 women, 15 men) with diabetes mellitus types 1 or 2 (40, 5) and symptoms of gastroparesis were examined with ROM and GEBT. All were interviewed, filled out symptom questionnaires and had HbA1c levels measured. Results: Forty percent of patients had delayed gastric emptying of ROM, while 55% had delayed gastric emptying of GEBT. Correlation between ROM and GEBT was not significant. Compared to GEBT, sensitivity for a positive ROM test was 0.52, while specificity was 0.74. In women, we found a higher specificity of 0.92, sensitivity 0.47. Difference in HbA1c between patients with positive and negative results was of borderline significance for both tests. GEBT (r=0.41, P=0.008) correlated with HbA1c. Patients with any late complications of diabetes had higher gastric retention of ROM (P=0.028), while patients with polyneuropathy (P=0.014) and diabetic wounds (P=0.004) had slower emptying with GEBT. None of the methods identified significant associations between gastric emptying and symptom scores, age or diabetes duration. Conclusions: As a measure of gastric emptying, the ROM test has benefits of being affordable and available. Compared to GEBT, the method has low diagnostic reliability. Before continued use, we recommend additional studies validating the test in diabetes patients.
Multivariate Models of Child-to-Mother Violence and Child-to-Father Violence among Adolescents

This study aimed to address how multiple risk factors that were previously related and derived from ecological levels, when taken together, could explain child-to-mother and child-to-father violence. A total of 298 Spanish adolescents (140 girls) who had committed CPV, with a mean age of 15.91 (SDage = 1.89), offender residents of specialized closed institutions for adolescents who had aggressed their parents (49.5%) and educational centres (50.6%) completed all measures. Both models obtained adequate fit indexes and explained about 50% of the variance in the two types of violence. At contextual (exosystem) level, peer deviance was indirectly related to both types of CPV. At family level (microsystem), the strongest direct predictor in both models was parental ineffectiveness in applying discipline. An additional direct path to child-to-mother violence was the use of corporal punishment. At individual level (ontogenic), the two strongest direct predictors in both models were adolescents’ impulsivity and substance abuse. The models highlight the complexity of the variables involved in the development of CPV. Regarding intervention implications, the models show the importance of paying attention to family variables, such as parents’ mode of implementation of disciplinary measures, and individual factors, such as adolescents’ impulsivity and substance abuse.
Believing in Bail-In? Market Discipline and the Pricing of Bail-In Bonds

Bail-in regulation is a centrepiece of the post-crisis overhaul of bank resolution. It requires major banks to maintain a sufficient amount of "bail-in debt" that can absorb losses during resolution. If resolution regimes are credible, investors in bail-in debt should have a strong incentive to monitor banks and price bail-in risk. We study the pricing of senior bail-in bonds to evaluate whether this is the case. We identify the bail-in risk premium by matching these bonds with comparable senior bonds that are issued by the same banking group but are not subject to bail-in risk. The premium is higher for riskier issuers, consistent with the notion that bond investors exert market discipline on banks. Yet the premium varies pro-cyclically: a decline in marketwide credit risk lowers the bail-in risk premium for all banks, with the compression much stronger for riskier issuers. Banks, in turn, time their bail-in bond issuance to take advantage of periods of low premia.
Bulk Silicon CCDs, Point Spread Function and Photon Transfer Curves: CCD Testing Activities at ESO

This paper reports on various testing activities at ESO which include: the measured performance of a new Bulk 70 μm thick prototype e2v CCD with high red response, results of point spread function (PSF) measurements, and photon transfer curve non-linearity measurements. Various technology CCDs from standard silicon, deep depletion, and bulk silicon have been tested. e2v technologies has prototyped a 2kx4k 15μm CCD in bulk silicon which is a plug-in replacement for the very successful range of CCD44-82 CCDs. The CCD44-82 is used extensively on ESO telescopes and at other observatories. Measurements of parameters such as read noise, linearity, dark current, quantum efficiency, photon response non-uniformity and fringing, charge transfer efficiency and PSF show that this device is a true competitor to the existing range of silicon technology devices especially where good response in the “red” and low fringing are important. Results of measurements of PSF of several CCDs of differing thicknesses are presented along with techniques to improve the PSF. Non-linearity of the photon transfer curve observed on recent CCDs was reported at the 2006 Orlando SPIE conference. Results of more accurate follow up measurements are presented in this paper that show some very interesting features.
Quality Changes and Microbial Load of Marinated Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Stored at Refrigeration Temperature

Tilapia is the main species farmed commercially in Egypt and is the most common for marketing as fresh fish. However, the usage of tilapia in marinade production is not common in Egyptian culture. The current investigation was aimed to produce tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) marinade using different acetic acid concentrations with different methods, to determine its bacterial load and best sensory quality during storage at 4⁰C. The fish processing were headed, gutted, filleted, marinated and stored at 4°C until the end point, which was assessed by pH measuring, sensory, and microbiological analyses. Warm marinated was performed using solutions containing 2, 3% acetic acid and 3% NaCl then transferred into plastic jars, covered with 3% gelatin. Higher concentrations of acetic acid (5%) and NaCl (6%) were used for cold marinating process for 30 days then transferred into packaging solution of 2.5% acetic acid and 3% NaCl. Bacterial load has increased after 7 days with warm marinated fillets with best sensory scores in the first 3 days using 3% acetic acid solution, and best sensory scores in the first 7 days with 2% acetic acid. For cold marinated fillets, load of bacteria was reduced after 3 days from application of marinating solution until to the end of marinating process and after application of packaging solution with 2.5% acetic acid. The best sensory scores of cold marinated fillets were lower than the ones belong to warm marinated process. There is no significant change (p >0:05) in pH values during storage.
The physicochemical characteristics of whey dangke fermentation powder at various levels of carrageenan and drying time

Whey dangke fermentation producing lactic acid as a food additive can overcome environmental pollution caused by whey dangke; however, its high water content causes a short shelflife product and makes distribution difficult. Drying fermented products requires additional ingredients to overcome stickiness issue in the dryer. This research aimed to examine the use of carrageenan as drying aids at 4, 6, 8, and 10% levels and drying time of 23, 24, and 25 hours in the production of fermented whey powder in drying oven. The quality parameters of the fermented whey dangke powder included yield, water content, solubility, and protein and lactose contents. The results showed that the fermented whey dangke powder had a yield of 33.15-49.20%; water content of 2.30-9.07%; solubility of 94.0-99.0%; protein content of 9,70-13,92%; and lactose content of 7.92-15.58%. Carrageenan level has a very significant effect (P<0.01) on yield, water content, and lactose content, and it also has a significant effect (P<0.05) on protein content, while drying time has a significant effect (P<0.05) on lactose content. The use of carrageenan at 8% level and 24-hour drying time is the most optimal treatment to produce the best physicochemical characteristics of fermented whey dangke powder.