Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extracting Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) from Biomedical Literature using Attention-based Relational Context Information

Because protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are crucial to understand living systems, harvesting these data is essential to probe disease development and discern gene/protein functions and biological processes. Some curated datasets contain PPI data derived from the literature and other sources (e.g., IntAct, BioGrid, DIP, and HPRD). However, they are far from exhaustive, and their maintenance is a labor-intensive process. On the other hand, machine learning methods to automate PPI knowledge extraction from the scientific literature have been limited by a shortage of appropriate annotated data. This work presents a unified, multi-source PPI corpora with vetted interaction definitions augmented by binary interaction type labels and a Transformer-based deep learning method that exploits entities’ relational context information for relation representation to improve relation classification performance. The model’s performance is evaluated on four widely studied biomedical relation extraction datasets, as well as this work’s target PPI datasets, to observe the effectiveness of the representation to relation extraction tasks in various data. Results show the model outperforms prior state-of-the-art models. The code and data are available at: https://github.com/BNLNLP/PPI-Relation-Extraction
Stability of explicit advection schemes. The balance point location rule

This paper introduces the balance point location rule, providing specific necessary and sufficient conditions for constructing unconditionally stable explicit advection schemes, in both semi‐Lagrangian and flux‐form Eulerian formulations. The rule determines how the spatial stencil is placed on the computational grid. It requires the balance point (the center of the stencil in index space) to be located in the same patch as the departure point for semi‐Lagrangian schemes or the same cell as the sweep point for Eulerian schemes. Centering the stencil in this way guarantees stability, regardless of the size of the time step. In contrast, the original Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) condition requiring the stencil merely to include the departure (sweep) point, although necessary, is not sufficient for guaranteeing stability. The CFL condition is of limited practical value, whereas the balance point location rule always gives precise and easily implemented prescriptions for constructing stable algorithms. The rule is also helpful in correcting a number of misconceptions that have arisen concerning explicit advection schemes. In particular, explicit Eulerian schemes are widely believed to be inefficient because of stability constraints on the time step, dictated by a narrow interpretation of the CFL condition requiring the Courant number to be less than or equal to one. However, such constraints apply only to a particular class of advection schemes resulting for centering the stencil on the arrival point, when in fact the sole function of the stencil is to estimate the departure (sweep) point value—the arrival point has no relevance in determining the placement of the stencil. Unconditionally stable explicit Eulerian advection schemes are efficient and accurate, comparable in operation count to semi‐Lagrangian schemes of the same order, but because of their flux‐based formulation, they have the added advantage of being inherently conservative. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman lasing in multimode diode-pumped graded-index fiber with fs-inscribed 3D random FBG array

We report on the achieving and investigating random Raman lasing based on femtosecond (fs) pulse written randomly spaced scattering points (Rayleigh reflector) and random array of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in graded-index (GRIN) fiber directly pumped by multimode laser, with much better output characteristics in the last case. The fabricated 1D-3D FBG arrays are used as a complex output coupling mirror together with input highly-reflective FBG fabricated by a phase mask technology. The 1-km GRIN fiber (100/140um) line was pumped by 940-nm laser diodes with a total power of up to 180 W and beam quality M2~34. Above threshold pump power of ~100W, random lasing of the 1st-order Stokes beam was obtained with output power exceeding 25 W at maximum pumping. The beam quality parameter M2 varies with FBG distribution in the fiber cross-section and its best value amounts to ~2, while the linewidth narrows to 0.1-0.2 nm.
The soft X-ray spectroscopy beamline at the LNLS: technical description and commissioning results

The soft X-ray spectroscopy beamline installed at a bending-magnet source in the LNLS is presented. A technical description of the main elements is given and some selected commissioning results are shown. The beamline optics was designed to cover the soft X-ray energy range from 790 up to 4000 eV. The bending-magnet source has a critical energy of 2.08 keV and delivers ∼1012 photons s−1 mradH−1 (0.1% bandwidth)−1 (100 mA)−1. The focusing element is a gold-coated toroidal mirror operating at an angle of incidence of 1°. The double-crystal monochromator has three pairs of crystals which can be selected by a lateral translation. The UHV experimental station is equipped with an ion gun, an electron gun, a LEED optics and an electron analyser. The beamline is intended for X-ray absorption, photoemission, reflectivity and dichroism experiments. The beamline has been installed, commissioned, and is now open to the external users community.
Radial velocities of 35 495 Hipparcos stars in a common system

The Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities (PCRV) catalogue has been produced to study stellar kinematics in the local spiral arm. The PCRV contains the mean weighted absolute radial velocities of 35 495 Hipparcos stars of various spectral types and luminosity classes over the whole celestial sphere mainly within the radius of 500 pc from the Sun. The median precision of the obtained radial velocities is 0.7 km s−1. The results from 203 publications have been used in the catalogue. They are linked to the system of IAU standard stars or a list of secondary standards by means of the analysis of zero-point deviations and systematic dependences of the radial velocity differences ‘new observations minus standards’ on the radial velocity, colour index B−V, right ascension and declination.
Engaging in Dialogues: The Impact of Comment Valence and Influencer-Viewer Interaction on the Effectiveness of YouTube Influencer Marketing

Abstract YouTube is a popular social marketing platform. Marketers or advertisers can collaborate with a YouTube influencer to present marketing messages. However, negative user-generated comments may affect the effectiveness of message delivery. Thus, one pretest and two main studies were conducted to investigate the influence of negative comments on consumers and the strategy to combat the negativity. The first study examined the influence of comment valence on product attitude and perceived trustworthiness of influencer. The second study examined how the increased frequency of influencer–viewer interaction mitigated the damage inflicted by negative comments. The findings of the studies reveal that negative comments have a strong influence on consumers. However, if an influencer is actively replying to negative comments, the negative influence is likely to be mitigated. Theoretical and practical contributions of the studies were discussed.
Semidefinite programming for assignment and partitioning problems

Semidefinite programming, SDP, is an extension of linear programming, LP, where the nonnegativity constraints are replaced by positive semidefiniteness constraints on matrix variables. SDP has proven successful in obtaining tight relaxations for NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems of simple structure such as the max-cut and graph bisection problems. In this work, we try to solve more complicated combinatorial problems such as the quadratic assignment, general graph partitioning and set partitioning problems. A tight SDP relaxation can be obtained by exploiting the geometrical structure of the convex hull of the feasible points of the original combinatorial problem. The analysis of the structure enables us to find the so-called "minimal face" and "gangster operator" of the SDP. This plays a significant role in simplifying the problem and enables us to derive a unified SDP relaxation for the three different problems. We develop an efficient "partial infeasible" primal-dual interior-point algorithm by using a conjugate gradient method and by taking advantage of the special data structure of our relaxation. Numerical tests show that the approximations given by our approach are of high quality. Future work for solving a large sparse problem with our approach is also discussed for each of the applications. In particular, for a large sparse set partitioning problem, we propose an approach combining a mixed LP-SDP relaxation with matrix decomposition techniques.
THE RESEARCH OF IDEAS OF PROBABILITY IN THE ELEMENTARY LEVEL OF EDUCATION

Ideas of probability have been investigated in Mexican elementary education. Two examples are given to illustrate the way in which epistemological aspects are con- sidered in this research. Teaching experiments with 6-7 year old children suggest that pupils' interpretations of the tasks they were asked about may result in answers which do not inform on their idea of chance, since they tend not to focus on it. Additionally, by using questionnaires and clinical interviews with 10-15 year old children, it was found that their correct handling of fractions does not assure that they can cope with questions about probability for which a quantification would suppose fraction use.
Correction of phase errors in multimode interference couplers using rectangular surface relief grating

Performance of multimode interference couplers is constrained by the phase errors caused by the deviations of the modes propagation constants from the required quadratic dependence upon mode number. In this work, we show that by creating a rectangular grating on the top surface of the coupler with a spatial frequency matching the intensity distribution of the i-th order mode, it is possible to control the phase errors of all spatial modes up to the i-th order. The effect of the grating on the propagation constants of higher-order modes is studied using perturbation-based and strict vector calculus. The efficacy of the method was demonstrated using numerical examples of an MMI-based two-mode (TE0 and TE1) coupler in the 1.31 μm wavelength region and the singlemode (TE0) 1.31/1.55 μm wavelength splitter, both made of medium index contrast material (TiO2:SiO2).
Criterion for bulk behavior of a Yukawa disk

A Yukawa disk is a two-dimensional system of n particles interacting through a Yukawa potential (i.e., a screened Coulomb or Debye potential) with Debye length λ and confined in an isotropic parabolic well where the single-particle oscillation frequency is ω0. One example of a Yukawa disk is a two-dimensional complex (dusty) plasma. The emergence of bulk (macroscopic) behavior in a strongly coupled Yukawa disk is studied by considering the dependence of the normalized, squared breathing frequency ωbr2∕ω02 (i.e., the bulk modulus) on n, λ, the disk radius R0, and the nearest-neighbor distance a. An analytical expression for ωbr2∕ω02 is derived for the bulk limit, R0≫λ, with a∕λ finite. In the plasma regime a≲λ, so that each particle interacts with many other particles, ωbr2∕ω02≈4 independent of a∕λ. In the nearest-neighbor regime a≳λ, short-range interactions dominate and ωbr2∕ω02∼a∕λ. Computational solutions of the model for n=100−3200 particles approach the theoretical bulk limit as n increases. Solution.
The Role of the Hydrogen Bond Network in Maintaining Heme Pocket Stability and Protein Function Specificity of C. diphtheriae Coproheme Decarboxylase

Monoderm bacteria accumulate heme b via the coproporphyrin-dependent biosynthesis pathway. In the final step, in the presence of two molecules of H2O2, the propionate groups of coproheme at positions 2 and 4 are decarboxylated to form vinyl groups by coproheme decarboxylase (ChdC), in a stepwise process. Decarboxylation of propionate 2 produces an intermediate that rotates by 90° inside the protein pocket, bringing propionate 4 near the catalytic tyrosine, to allow the second decarboxylation step. The active site of ChdCs is stabilized by an extensive H-bond network involving water molecules, specific amino acid residues, and the propionate groups of the porphyrin. To evaluate the role of these H-bonds in the pocket stability and enzyme functionality, we characterized, via resonance Raman and electronic absorption spectroscopies, single and double mutants of the actinobacterial pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheriae ChdC complexed with coproheme and heme b. The selective elimination of the H-bond interactions between propionates 2, 4, 6, and 7 and the polar residues of the pocket allowed us to establish the role of each H-bond in the catalytic reaction and to follow the changes in the interactions from the substrate to the product.
Limb brightening and filamentation in the inner radio jet of Centaurus A

New high-resolution (0.3 by 1.1) total intensity and polarization VLA maps at 2 and 6 cm of the inner jet in Centaurus A are presented. The combination of linear resolution (7.5 pc) and dynamic range (11.000:1) in these maps is unprecendented in extended radio jet observations. A distinct side-to-side edge brightening of the jet is observed. It is proposed that this structure arises from internal oblique shocks and/or external shocks produced by the interaction between the jet and interstellar medium (ISM). The 6 cm data also reveal a filamentary structure in the jet where knots in the jet seem to be connected by what we call ''streamers. '' Spectral index data in the streamers indicate that the radiation comes from an aged electron energy spectrum. It is proposed that the streamers consist of post-shock material streaming down the jet away from the knots. In addition, partially resolved (<0.3) subknots within the jet structure are seen on the new maps which add to the complexity of the Cen A jet.
Polymer-Antimicrobial Peptide Constructs with Tailored Drug-Release Behavior

Microbial resistance is one of the main problems of modern medicine. Recently, antimicrobial peptides have been recognized as a novel approach to overcome the microbial resistance issue, nevertheless, their low stability, toxicity, and potential immunogenic response in biological systems have limited their clinical application. Herein, we present the design, synthesis, and preliminary biological evaluation of polymer-antibacterial peptide constructs. The antimicrobial GKWMKLLKKILK-NH2 oligopeptide (PEP) derived from halictine, honey bee venom, was bound to a polymer carrier via various biodegradable spacers employing the pH-sensitive or enzymatically-driven release and reactivation of the PEP’s antimicrobial activity. The antibacterial properties of the polymer-PEP constructs were assessed by a determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations, followed by fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. The PEP exerted antibacterial activity against both, gram-positive and negative bacteria, via disruption of the bacterial cell wall mechanism. Importantly, PEP partly retained its antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumanii even though it was bound to the polymer carrier. Indeed, to observe antibacterial activity similar to the free PEP, the peptide has to be released from the polymer carrier in response to a pH decrease. Enzymatically-driven release and reactivation of the PEP antimicrobial activity were recognized as less effective when compared to the pH-sensitive release of PEP.
Machine-Learning-Based Carbon Dioxide Concentration Prediction for Hybrid Vehicles

The current understanding of CO2 emission concentrations in hybrid vehicles (HVs) is limited, due to the complexity of the constant changes in their power-train sources. This study aims to address this problem by examining the accuracy, speed and size of traditional and advanced machine learning (ML) models for predicting CO2 emissions in HVs. A new long short-term memory (LSTM)-based model called UWS-LSTM has been developed to overcome the deficiencies of existing models. The dataset collected includes more than 20 parameters, and an extensive input feature optimization has been conducted to determine the most effective parameters. The results indicate that the UWS-LSTM model outperforms traditional ML and artificial neural network (ANN)-based models by achieving 97.5% accuracy. Furthermore, to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed model, the CO2-concentration predictor has been implemented in a low-powered IoT device embedded in a commercial HV, resulting in rapid predictions with an average latency of 21.64 ms per prediction. The proposed algorithm is fast, accurate and computationally efficient, and it is anticipated that it will make a significant contribution to the field of smart vehicle applications.
The Involvement of Athletes with Intellectual Disability in Community Sports Clubs

People with intellectual disability lack opportunities to engage in sports, although the benefits of doing so may be even greater for them. One option is to encourage their inclusion in mainstream sports clubs that exist in nearly all European communities. Although there is a growing knowledge base within organisations such as Special Olympics in adjusting sports to meet the needs of people with intellectual disability, inclusion in community clubs raises additional challenges. This exploratory study aimed to garner the experiences of coaches alongside those of clubs members—with and without disabilities—in 12 community sports clubs in three European countries. In all 20 coaches and 51 members took part in semi-structured interviews. A thematic content analysis was used to devise a conceptual model describing an inclusive sports club. The overarching theme was that inclusive clubs require an ongoing balancing between a focus on sporting skills and performance, with managing the needs and characteristics of the players and the inter-relationships among them. Six subthemes were identified that described the core strategies to the effective functioning of the clubs. However, the vision and commitment of coaches was crucial and their recruitment was the main challenge the clubs faced. In addition, new opportunities for training coaches are needed to support the extension of inclusive clubs across a range of sports and locations. Continuing research could usefully identify the benefits to club members and identify sport-specific adaptations required to make clubs more fully inclusive.
Effects of Uniaxial Pressure on the Dielectric Properties of (1-x)PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-xPbTiO3 Single Crystals (x = 0.28 and 0.38)

The single crystals of 0.72PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-0.28PbTiO3 and 0.62PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-0.38PbTiO3 were grown by a flux method from PbO-Pb3O4-B2O3 system as a solvent. The measurements of temperature/frequency dependence of the permittivities of these crystals under an uniaxial pressure (0–1000 bar) applied parallel to the ac electric field have been carried out. The experimental results revealed that uniaxial pressure significantly influenced the dielectric properties of these crystals. With the increase in pressure the maximum intensity in ϵ(T) curve decreases, becomes more diffuse and shifts towards a higher temperature, and dielectric dispersion decreases. An electrostrictive coefficient Q11 was evaluated from obtained data. It was concluded, that the applied uniaxial pressure or increasing Ti-ions content in PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-PbTiO3 solid solutions induced similar effects. The results were discussed in terms of an elastic changes in inter-ionic distances in a crystal structure and switching nanoregions/ domains under the action of pressure.
Applicability of VGGish embedding in bee colony monitoring: comparison with MFCC in colony sound classification

Background Bee colony sound is a continuous, low-frequency buzzing sound that varies with the environment or the colony’s behavior and is considered meaningful. Bees use sounds to communicate within the hive, and bee colony sounds investigation can reveal helpful information about the circumstances in the colony. Therefore, one crucial step in analyzing bee colony sounds is to extract appropriate acoustic feature. Methods This article uses VGGish (a visual geometry group—like audio classification model) embedding and Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) generated from three bee colony sound datasets, to train four machine learning algorithms to determine which acoustic feature performs better in bee colony sound recognition. Results The results showed that VGGish embedding performs better than or on par with MFCC in all three datasets.
Classifying Breast Cancer Metastasis Based on Imaging of Tumor Primary and Tumor Biology

The molecular classification of breast cancer has allowed for a better understanding of both prognosis and treatment of breast cancer. Imaging of the different molecular subtypes has revealed that biologically different tumors often exhibit typical features in mammography, ultrasound, and MRI. Here, we introduce the molecular classification of breast cancer and review the typical imaging features of each subtype, examining the predictive value of imaging with respect to distant metastases.
Kontribusi Generasi Muda Dalam Pertanian Indonesia

Indonesia is one country that relies on the agricultural sector as its superiority. However, the need for good quality and human resources in recent years has diminished especially in the agricultural sector so that it will affect the contribution of the young agricultural / young generation workforce to the success of agriculture in Indonesia. This study aims to determine 1) the contribution of young generation agricultural sector workers in Indonesia 2) the development trend of the younger generation workforce in the agricultural sector 3) efforts to lure young people to work in the agricultural sector. The research method used is descriptive analytic method. The data used are secondary data from the Ministry of Agriculture and the Central Statistics Agency of Indonesia. The data analysis method uses the contribution method and trend line analysis. Based on the results and discussion above, it can be concluded that the value of the contribution of the agricultural youth workforce from 2014 to 2019 tends to decrease. The trendline for the development of the young agricultural workforce is y = - 518017x + 4E + 07 and is negative or will decline in the following years. Efforts to increase the interest of young people can be done in various ways such as improving education, making young entrepreneurs in agriculture and providing incentives in agriculture to attract the interest of young people working in agriculture
Photonic technologies for angular velocity sensing

Photonics for angular rate sensing is a well-established research field having very important industrial applications, especially in the field of strapdown inertial navigation. Recent advances in this research field are reviewed. Results obtained in the past years in the development of the ring laser gyroscope and the fiber optic gyroscope are presented. The role of integrated optics and photonic integrated circuit technology in the enhancement of gyroscope performance and compactness is broadly discussed. Architectures of new slow-light integrated angular rate sensors are described. Finally, photonic gyroscopes are compared with other solid-state gyros, showing their strengths and weaknesses.