Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Imperfection of the convergent cross-mapping method

In 2012, the Convergent Cross Mapping method for finding a causal relationship between system variables from their time series was published. This method is widely used in the study of systems of various nature - from assessing the effect of cosmic radiation on the climate, to the study of cerebral activity. The relevance and prospects of using this method prompted us to master it and to apply it to identifying causal relationships between the variables of the “biosphere-climate” system. The obtained results seemed suspicious and forced us to check carefully the adequacy of the CCM conclusions in relation to various model systems. This paper presents examples of model situations when the method gives false estimates of the presence of causal relationships and offers a possible explanation for the causes of false estimates appearance.
Predicted distributions could suggest regional sympatry in spite of local allopatry: The case of the dung beetle Canthon rutilans Castelnau, 1840 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Studying the environmental characteristics of the localities in which different taxa have been observed could help to estimate probable niche differences. Previous studies on local distribution and reproductive behavior of the two subspecies of Canthon rutilans support their allopatry. Here we estimated the geographical distribution of these taxa to examine the congruency between the environmental characteristics of the occurrence localities derived from geographical and local data, in order to facilitate the future study of the causal factors that are more likely to explain their segregation. To do so, a database including most of the available distributional information about these subspecies was compiled. The data derived from 23 environmental variables in the occurrence cells were used to estimate those variables with different mean values among the two subspecies, and also to generate distributional maps reflecting the probable distribution of the two subspecies. Ten variables have statistically significant different values among both subspecies. Canthon rutilans rutilans would be present in colder places, living in the high elevation localities of the Atlantic Forest or Pampas biomes, whereas C. rutilans cyanescens seems to be restricted to lowland forested areas. Probable distribution maps show geographical sympatry in almost half of the distribution range of C. r. rutilans. As former results suggest that they are in allopatry at a local scale, these results propose that fine‐grain environmental factors would be promoting the segregation of taxa, but also that coarse‐grain data should be used with caution when the aim is to estimate niche differences.
Effect of Body Weight and Growth in Early Life on the Reproductive Performances of Holstein Heifers

In Italy most dairy cows produce milk for cheese manufacture and are farmed in intensive systems, with free stall barns, milking parlor or robotic milking, total mixed ration and no (or limited) access to pasture. The main objective for farmers is to maximize farm income and minimize farm costs by adopting strategies and ‘best practices’ in the early life of heifers. Monitoring body weight (BW) and fertility of young stock is fundamental to ensure good performances in future dairy cows and to enhance farm profit. In this study BW (kg) and average daily gain (ADG, kg/d) recorded at different stages in early life of 382 Holstein calves were used to estimate associations with fertility traits. Data consisted of BW at birth (BW0), three BWs (BW1, BW2, and BW3) recorded in three phases of calf’s early life, ADG in the three phases (ADGI, ADGII, and ADGIII), ADG of the entire period (ADGI-III), number of services per pregnancy (NS), and age at first calving (AFC). As expected, the four BWs were positively correlated to each. In general, heavier calves were characterized by better fertility compared to lighter calves. Monitoring BW and ADG in replacement heifers starting from the early age is recommended to improve NS and AFC at farm level and could be useful to set up genetic improvement programs. Future studies will benefit from the addition of milk-related traits and the increase of sample size (number of farms).
An Investigation of EAP Teachers’ Views and Experiences of E-Learning Technology

The near universal use of electronic learning (e-learning) in higher education (HE) today requires that students and teachers are equipped with the requisite digital literacy skills. The small-scale pilot study we report on here explored the views and experiences of EAP (English for Academic Purposes) teachers regarding their development of digital literacy skills, their application of e-learning technology in their teaching, and their perceptions of its value as a learning tool—areas on which there has been little research to date. A convergent parallel mixed methods approach was adopted, in which a survey was administered to the research participants and a follow-up focus group conducted. The data were analysed, with findings revealing that the EAP practitioners surveyed utilised a range of online tools such as video, plagiarism software and corpus linguistics tools. A number of benefits and limitations associated with e-learning were cited by participants, including increased student engagement and motivation, the development of learner autonomy, and the cultural capital it represented in respect of students’ future careers. Meanwhile, the limitations identified included a lack of time for teachers to develop digital literacy and insufficient pre- and in-service training opportunities focused on the effective use of digital technologies and managing technical issues. We conclude with a series of recommendations to facilitate EAP teachers’ development and use of e-learning in their practice.
Relationship between frontal QRS-T angle and coronary slow flow phenomenon

Corresponding Author Sinan Cemgil Özbek Ahi Evran University, Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology Kervansaray Mah. 2019. Sok. No:1, Post code: 40100, Kirsehir, Turkey E-mail: ozbeksc@gmail.com 󠄀 Ethics Committee Approval Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Medical Faculty Clinical Research Ethics Committee approved the study design on 14/05/2019 with the decision number 2019-09 / 101 All procedures in this study involving human participants were performed in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. 󠄀 Conflict of Interest No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. 󠄀 Financial Disclosure The authors declared that this study has received no financial support. 󠄀 Published 2021 February 19
Mantle Heterogeneity and Melting Processes in the South China Sea: Thermal and Melting Models Constrained by Oceanic Crustal Thickness and Basalt Geochemistry

We simulate mantle flow, thermal structure, and melting processes beneath the ridge axis of the South China Sea (SCS), combining the nominally anhydrous melting and fractional crystallization model, to study mantle heterogeneity and basin evolution. The model results are constrained by seismically determined crustal thickness and major element composition of fossil ridge axis basalts. The effects of half‐spreading rate, mantle potential temperature, mantle source composition, and the pattern of melt migration on the crustal thickness and magma chemical composition are systematically investigated. For the SCS, the east and southwest (SW) subbasins have comparable crustal thickness, but the east subbasin has higher FeO and Na2O contents compared to the SW subbasin. The estimated best fitting mantle potential temperatures in the east and SW subbasins are 1,360 ± 15 °C and 1,350 ± 25 °C, respectively. The mantle in the east subbasin (site U1431) prior to the cessation of seafloor spreading is composed primarily of the depleted mid‐ocean ridge basalt mantle (DMM), and is slightly contaminated by eclogite/pyroxenite‐rich component. However, the mantle source composition of the SW subbasin (sites U1433 and U1434) contains a small percentage (2–5%) of lower continental crust. Basalt samples at the northern margin of the east subbasin (site U1500) shows similar chemical characteristics with that of the SW subbasin. We suggest that the basin‐scale variability in the mantle heterogeneity of the SCS can be explained by a single model in which the contamination by the lower continental crust is gradually diluted by melting of DMM as the ridge moves away from the rifted margin.
Online knowledge sharing capability of young employees: An empirical study

ABSTRACT Along with the development of information technology and artificial intelligence, online knowledge sharing has become an essential organizational resource. Online knowledge sharing can contribute to the success of organizations through effective knowledge management which is often enhanced by using artificial intelligence techniques. Young employees often make up the largest segment in organizations, but they tend to start their early career with temporary contracts which impact their likelihood to hide or hoard organizational knowledge. This study examines knowledge self-efficacy, perceived ease of use, organizational rewards, and top management support affecting the online knowledge sharing capability of young employees. A survey was conducted in Vietnam, targeting young employees aged 18–30 in three key industries. Results indicate that knowledge self-efficacy, perceived ease of use, and top management support significantly influence young employees’ online knowledge sharing. Interestingly, organizational rewards were found to only impact lurkers’ online knowledge sharing and work effectively if employees have either high perceived ease of use or top management support.
Synthesis and property characterization of two novel side-chain isoindigo copolymers for polymer solar cells

Two novel side-chain conjugated polymers, PTBT-TID and PTBT-TTID , based on the new synthetic thio-phene-benzne-thiophene (TBT) unit, side-chain isoindigo (ID) unit, and the introduced thiophene ! -bridge, have been designed and synthesized. The photophysical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of the two polymers have been systematically investigated. The two polymers possess relatively good solubility as well as excellent thermal stability up to 380°C, and all of the polymer solar cell (PSC) devices based on the two polymers obtain high open circuit voltage ( V oc ) of about 0.8 V. The polymer solar cells based on the polymer PTBT-TID show relatively higher efficiencies than the PTBT-TTID -based ones, due to the broader absorption spectrum, a relatively higher hole mobility, a lower HOMO (the highest occupied molecular orbital) energy level, a stronger IPCE (the incident photon to current conversion efficiency) response and a better microphase separation, Consequently, the device based on PTBT-TID :PC 61 BM (1:2, by weight) gives the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.04%, with a short-circuit current density ( J sc ) of 5.39 mA·cm –2 , an open-circuit voltage ( V oc ) of 0.83 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.45.
The role of β-O-4 cleavage in acidic organosolv pulping of softwoods

Des fibres et des faisceaux de fibre des pâtes thermomecaniques (PTM) d'epinette de Norvege (Picea abies) ont ete utilises comme matiere de depart pour la cuisson organosolv. Les solvants soumis a l'essai etaient le methanol, l'ethanol, le propanol, l'acetone, le dioxane, et le dimethylsulfoxyde a deux fractions de volume ou plus dans de l'eau. Un catalyseur acide a ete requis pour obtenir une delignification significative du resineux, et le H 2 SO 4 a 0,005 mol/L etait pres de la valeur optimale a 175°C. La delignification a ete importante avec les melanges de solvants ayant des parametre de solubilite Hildebrand dans une echelle de 11 a 15 (cal/cm 3 ) 1/2 . La concentration de liaisons β-O-4 dans la lignine de la pâte et de la farine de bois a ete evaluee a l'aide d'une acidolyse par dioxane/HCl (0,2 mol/L). Nous avons obtenu une excellente correlation entre le rendement des produits de l'acidolyse (mmol/g de lignine) et la teneur en lignine apres la cuisson de pâtes cuites dans 15 melanges solvant-eau differents, chaque formule ayant son parametre de solubilite et sa fonction d'acidite particuliers.
Evaluating the critical success criteria for prefabricated prefinished volumetric construction projects

Purpose Prefabricated prefinished volumetric construction (PPVC) is a game-changing construction method that transforms the fragmented site-based construction of buildings into an integrated production, integration and assembly of value-added volumetric building components. Where circumstances merit, the effective implementation of PPVC leverages significant gains in time, cost, quality, productivity and sustainability performance of construction projects. As PPVC is increasingly becoming mainstream, it is imperative to identify the critical success criteria (CSC) for measuring PPVC project success. The purpose of this study is to identify, rank and benchmark the CSC for measuring PPVC project success. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted a quantitative research design where the potential CSC for PPVC projects were evaluated. A comprehensive literature and pilot expert review identified 18 CSC for measuring PPVC project success. Based on a questionnaire survey of international PPVC experts, the 18 CSC were analyzed and prioritized using mean score analysis and weighting function. Findings Based on mean index assessment, the top five CSC for PPVC projects were identified as adherence to project schedules, meeting project quality specification, meeting safety requirements, client and owner satisfaction and cost savings and profitability. Further analysis grouped the 18 CSC into six principal success criteria (PSC), comprising time performance, cost performance, quality performance, environmental and safety performance, stakeholder satisfaction and supply chain performance. Based on weighted analysis of the six PSCs, quality performance, time performance and environmental and safety performance obtained the highest weights. Research limitations/implications The research results are limited by the following limitations. First, although adequate, the sample size was relatively smaller. Second, the generalized analysis overlooked the geospatial sensitivities of the CSC. Originality/value The results constitute the first exclusive quantitative ranking and prioritization of the CSC for PPVC projects. The outputs of this study will enable practitioners to reliably and accurately evaluate the performance levels of PPVC projects. A framework of the CSC for measuring the success of PPVC projects was developed.
Neuromuscular Compartmentalization of the Vastus Medialis Muscle: Comparison of the Activity of the Vastus Medialis Obliquus and the Vastus Medialis Longus by High Density Electromyography

Anatomical studies describe the vastus medialis (VM) as being subdivided into two morphologically distinct components, the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) and the vastus medialis longus (VML). However, there are discrepancies regarding the functional differentiation of these components. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of activation of the VMO and th e VML by high density surface electromyography. Twelve healthy young women (age: 21.4 ± 2.0 years; weight: 58.1 ± 7.5 kg; height: 1.6 ± 0.1 m), performed an open kinetic chain knee exercise during which the EMG activity of the VMO and the VML was recorded with twodimensional matrices of 32 surface electrodes. The exercises were performed with three levels of resistance (5, 10 and 15 % of the body weight (BW)), considering three phases: concentric, isometric and excentric. In the isometric phase the VMO had greater activat ion than the VML with the three levels of resistance (p<0.05). In the excentric phase, the VMO also showed greater activation than the V ML wit the 10 and 15 % BW resistance levels, while in the concentric phase, the VMO showed greater activity than the VML with only the 15 % BW resistance. The results indicated significant differences in the activation level of the two components of the VM. This bear s importance in the development of exercises intended to achieve a greater or more selective activation of the VMO. In the sample subjected to evaluation, the EMG recordings describe a greater activation of the VMO in comparison to the VML, which is more important in th e isometric and excentric phases of the flexion/extension of the knee in an open kinetic chain. These findings suggest a function al compartmentalization of the VM.
The Application of Cooperative Learning Type Group Investigation to Improve Students’ Learning Activities and Learning Outcomes

This study aims to improve students’ learning activities and learning outcomes by using cooperative learning model type group investigation. This research is a classroom action research which involves 23 students of XI in SMAN 2 Siak Hulu. The research instrument consists of observation sheet, syllabus, lesson plans, guide book, group worksheet, and individual worksheet. The research is conducted in two cycles, cycle 1 and cycle 2. The research finding suggests that group investigation method can increase students’ learning activities and learning outcome. During the research, the teacher needed to consider time management in delivering the material, discussion. Then, students’ activities must be observed thoroughly. The teacher must be competent because this model requires teachers who can carry out a casual, varied and more student-focused teaching style.
CEO Turnover and Director Reputation

This paper analyzes the reputational effects of forced CEO turnovers on outside directors. Outside directors interlocked to a forced CEO turnover experience large and persistent increases in withheld votes at subsequent board re-elections relative to non-turnover-interlocked directors. Increases in withheld votes are confined to departures without a successor in place, performance-induced turnovers, turnovers that occur during CEOs’ most productive tenure range, and turnovers at companies that share high common ownership with the interlocked firm. Reputational losses are larger for committee members responsible for hiring and monitoring the ousted CEO and directors affiliated with the CEO. Involvement in a forced CEO turnover is not associated with a long-term loss in directorships, but lost directorships are replaced by directorships at smaller firms. Our results imply that forced CEO turnovers signal a governance failure at the board level and that investors rely on salient actions to update their beliefs about directors’ hidden qualities.
Evaluation of Grip Force and Energy Efficiency of the “Federica” Hand

The actual grip force provided by a hand prosthesis is an important parameter to evaluate its efficiency. To this end, a split cylindrical handlebar embedding a single-axis load cell was designed, 3D printed and assembled. Various measurements were made to evaluate the performances of the “Federica” hand, a simple low-cost hand prosthesis. The handlebar was placed at different angular positions with respect to the hand palm, and the experimental data were processed to estimate the overall grip force. In addition, piezoresistive force sensors were applied on selected phalanxes of the prosthesis, in order to map the distribution of the grasping forces between them. The electrical current supplied to the single servomotor that actuates all the five fingers, was monitored to estimate the force exerted on the main actuator tendon, while tendon displacement was evaluated by a rotary potentiometer fixed to the servomotor shaft. The force transfer ratio of the whole system was about 12.85 %, and the mean dissipated energy for a complete cycle of closing-opening was 106.80 Nmm, resulting lower than that of many commercial prostheses. The mean grip force of the “Federica” hand was 8.80 N, that is enough to support the user in many actions of daily life, also considering the adaptive wrapping capability of the prosthesis. On average, the middle phalanges exerted the greatest grip force (2.65 N) on the handlebar, while the distal phalanges a force of 1.66 N.
Phytochemical Screening and Medicinal Potentials of the Bark ofDacryodes edulis (G. Don) HJ Lam

The bark of Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H.J Lam have been used over the years in rural communities across the tropical region for its medicinal potentials. Phytochemicals are bioactive constituents which are produced via secondary metabolism in relatively small amounts. To ascertain the phytochemical components responsible for the ethno-medicinal properties, a qualitative and quantitative screening of the bark of the tree was conducted. The phytochemical screening of the bark of Dacryodes edulis was sourced from benin city , south-south Nigeria revealed that alkaloids(18.13 mg/kg), Phenolic compounds (22.01 mg/kg), Flavenoids (60.91 mg/kg), Tannins (18.16 mg/kg), Saponins (3.16 mg/kg), Anthraquinones (12.16 mg/kg), Cardiac glycosides (0.81 mg/kg) and steroids (0.91 mg/kg) were significantly present in the sample. The presence of these phytochemicals gives credence to the medicinal benefits that the bark of this plant has been used for in the past years.
Mutual Inductance Calculation of Circular Coils for an Arbitrary Position With Electromagnetic Shielding in Wireless Power Transfer Systems

Mutual inductance is a key parameter in a wireless power transfer (WPT) system that determines transmission power and transmission efficiency. Mutual inductance can be increased, and magnetic leakage can be reduced by adding electromagnetic (EM) shielding materials to the coil structure. However, the calculation of the mutual inductance between two arbitrarily positioned circular coils, including the effect of EM shielding, has not been resolved. In this article, an analytical formula for calculating the mutual inductance between two circular coils with arbitrary relative positions on a double-layer EM shielding is obtained based on the coordinate transformation method and electric field intensity. A series of experiments are carried out to validate the analytic calculations. The experimental results for each of the misalignment cases are compared with analytical predictions and finite-element method (FEM) solutions. The theoretical results and FEM simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data, which verifies the validity of the proposed method.
Nucleation and Growth of Zinc Oxide in Zinc-Air Button Cells

Metal-air batteries are among the most promising next-generation energy storage devices. Relying on abundant materials and offering high energy densities, potential applications lie in the fields of electro-mobility, portable electronics, and stationary grid applications. Now, research on secondary zinc-air batteries is revived, which are commercialized as primary hearing aid batteries. One of the main obstacles for making zinc-air batteries rechargeable is their poor lifetime due to the degradation of alkaline electrolyte in contact with atmospheric carbon dioxide. In this article, we present a continuum theory of a commercial Varta PowerOne button cell. Our model contains dissolution of zinc and nucleation and growth of zinc oxide in the anode, thermodynamically consistent electrolyte transport in porous media, and multi-phase coexistance in the gas diffusion electrode. We perform electrochemical measurements and validate our model. Excellent agreement between theory and experiment is found and novel insights into the role of zinc oxide nucleation and growth and carbon dioxide dissolution for discharge and lifetime presented.