Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduction of polynomial Hamiltonians by the construction of formal integrals

We present a technique based on Lie transformations, which allows us to reduce the number of degrees of freedom of a Hamiltonian system of polynomial type, by extending an integral of the quadratic part to the transformed system, up to a certain order of approximation. The procedure is illustrated for four cases in two and three degrees of freedom.
Ap4b1-knockout mouse model of hereditary spastic paraplegia type 47 displays motor dysfunction, aberrant brain morphology and ATG9A mislocalization

Abstract Mutations in any one of the four subunits (ɛ4, β4, μ4 and σ4) comprising the adaptor protein Complex 4 results in a complex form of hereditary spastic paraplegia, often termed adaptor protein Complex 4 deficiency syndrome. Deficits in adaptor protein Complex 4 complex function have been shown to disrupt intracellular trafficking, resulting in a broad phenotypic spectrum encompassing severe intellectual disability and progressive spastic paraplegia of the lower limbs in patients. Here we report the presence of neuropathological hallmarks of adaptor protein Complex 4 deficiency syndrome in a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-mediated Ap4b1-knockout mouse model. Mice lacking the β4 subunit, and therefore lacking functional adaptor protein Complex 4, have a thin corpus callosum, enlarged lateral ventricles, motor co-ordination deficits, hyperactivity, a hindlimb clasping phenotype associated with neurodegeneration, and an abnormal gait. Analysis of autophagy-related protein 9A (a known cargo of the adaptor protein Complex 4 in these mice shows both upregulation of autophagy-related protein 9A protein levels across multiple tissues, as well as a striking mislocalization of autophagy-related protein 9A from a generalized cytoplasmic distribution to a marked accumulation in the trans-Golgi network within cells. This mislocalization is present in mature animals but is also in E15.5 embryonic cortical neurons. Histological examination of brain regions also shows an accumulation of calbindin-positive spheroid aggregates in the deep cerebellar nuclei of adaptor protein Complex 4-deficient mice, at the site of Purkinje cell axonal projections. Taken together, these findings show a definitive link between loss-of-function mutations in murine Ap4b1 and the development of symptoms consistent with adaptor protein Complex 4 deficiency disease in humans. Furthermore, this study provides strong evidence for the use of this model for further research into the aetiology of adaptor protein Complex 4 deficiency in humans, as well as its use for the development and testing of new therapeutic modalities.
Impact of Positive Culture Reports of E. coli or MSSA on De-Escalation of Antibiotic Use in a Teaching Hospital in Pakistan and the Implications

Background Antibiotic de-escalation is a key element of antimicrobial stewardship programs that restrict the spread and emergence of resistance. This study was performed to evaluate the impact of positive culture sensitivity reports of E. coli or Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) on de-escalation of antibiotic therapy. Methods This prospective observational study was performed on 256 infected patients. The samples were obtained principally from the pus of infected sites for the identification of pathogens and culture-sensitivity testing. The data were collected from patient medical files, which included their demographic data, sample type, causative microbe and antimicrobial treatment as empiric or definitive treatment based on cultures. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results Of 256 isolated microbes, 138 (53.9%) were MSSA and 118 were E. coli (46.1%). MSSA showed 100% sensitivity to cefoxitin, oxacillin, vancomycin, fosfomycin, colistin and more than 90% to linezolid (95.3%), tigecycline (93.1%), chloramphenicol (92.2%) and amikacin (90.2%). E. coli showed 100% sensitivity to only fosfomycin and more than 90% to colistin (96.7%), polymyxin-B (95.1%) and tigecycline (92.9%). The high use of cefoperazone+sulbactam (151), amikacin (149), ceftriaxone (33), metronidazole (30) and piperacillin + tazobactam (22) was seen with empiric prescribing. Following susceptibility testing, the most common antibiotics prescribed for E. coli were meropenem IV (34), amikacin (34), ciprofloxacin (29) and cefoperazone+sulbactam (25). For MSSA cases, linezolid (48), clindamycin (30), cefoperazone+ sulbactam IV (16) and amikacin (15) was used commonly. Overall, there was 23% reduction in antibiotic use in case of E. coli and 43% reduction in MSSA cases. Conclusion Culture sensitivity reports helped in the de-escalation of antimicrobial therapy, reducing the prescribing of especially broad-spectrum antibiotics. Consequently, it is recommended that local hospital guidelines be developed based on local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns while preventing the unnecessary use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for empiric treatment.
Modeling rip current circulations and vorticity in a high‐energy mesotidal‐macrotidal environment

[1] In June 2007 an intense 5 day field experiment was carried out at the mesotidal-macrotidal wave-dominated Biscarrosse Beach on a well-developed bar and rip morphology. Previous analysis of the field data elucidated the main characteristics of a tide-modulated and strongly evolving rip current driven by low- to high-energy shore-normal waves. Here we present a modeling strategy based on the vertically integrated and time-averaged momentum equations accounting for roller contribution that is applied to the Biscarrosse experiment. Wave and flow predictions in the surf zone improve significantly when using a spatially constant time-varying breaking parameter by Smith and Kraus (1990). The model correctly reproduces the main evolving behaviors of the rip current. An advection-diffusion equation governing the mean wave-driven current vertical vorticity is further derived from the momentum equations. Vertical vorticity is driven by a forcing term that depends on the breaking wave energy dissipation and on the wave propagation direction. Spatial gradients in depth-induced broken-wave energy dissipation therefore determine both the strength and the sign of the wave-driven circulation rotational nature. When applied to the Biscarrosse experiment, the vorticity efficiently predicts the main characteristics of the evolving rip current such as its width, cross-shore extension, and intensity. In addition, good correlations are found between the maximum rip current intensity and the deviation of the forcing term. Thus, we determine precisely the rotational component associated with the wave forcing which is less direct through the traditional radiation stress approach.
Handling multivariate problems with univariate control charts

Statistical process control (SPC) is an important ingredient of quality management. SPC has evolved from a technique to a philosophy, and now includes a large number of techniques and methods directed to quality control and quality improvement. Few processes can be controlled through only one parameter. Hence research into multivariate methods applied to SPC has been undertaken already long ago. Hotelling introduced in 1947 the T2 control chart as a technique for monitoring a multivariate process, and several authors have since elaborated on this. In essence the aim to approach the problem of SPC from a multivariate perspective is to make more efficient use of the data by incorporating the covariances in the model. However, multivariate methods have not gained much popularity. This is due to two important drawbacks: interpretation of out‐of‐control situations signalled by a multivariate chart is usually difficult and involves further statistical evaluation of the data; and estimation of the process‐inherent covariance matrix is sensitive to out‐of‐control conditions. This paper illustrates some important control chart methods for multivariate problems. A real‐world case is analysed by several authors in different ways. From this case and many others we conclude that it is often sufficient to use a few univariate control charts, even though the nature of the process is multivariate. The key argument for this conclusion is that direct interpretation on the shop floor is very important. A brief introduction to the implementation of SPC is given in this paper as well. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical and Experimental Study of Electromagnetic Scattering by Two Identical Conducting Cylinders

The scattering of a cylindrical TEM wave by two parallel, identical conducting circular cylinders is developed as a special case of a theoretical analysis which treats the scattering by an arbitrary array of cylinders. Only the case with the incident E‐vector parallel to the axes of the cylinders is considered, and attention is focused on the mutual effects present when the cylinder diameter and spacing are comparable to a wavelength.The approximations made in the theory are tested experimentally using 3 cm microwaves in a parallel plate region. Significant departures from the results of the independent scattering hypothesis as predicted by the theory have been confirmed experimentally.
Earth's compressional foreshock boundary revisited Observations by the ISEE 1 magnetometer

We introduce a “solar foreshock coordinate” (SFC) system in which the positions of foreshock components can be collated with a minimum of assumptions about the physical processes involved. Location behind the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) tangent surface to the bow shock and rotational symmetry around the solar wind flow (X) axis are the only presuppositions. We have applied the SFC system to over 300 observations of the boundary of the ULF compressional waves recorded by ISEE 1’s magnetometer in 1978 and 1979. The boundary locations form a coherent pattern in the SFC frame. A selection of those cases for which the cone angle of the IMF was between 40° and 50°, corresponding to the average stream angle, yields a least square line whose mapping back to the solar ecliptic coordinates frame has slope of about 85°, very close to that of the tangent ULF boundary deduced earlier from more primitive methods with entirely different data sets. The line, being parallel to neither the IMF, the typical reflected beam, nor the shock, cannot be compatible with any model of wave production by beam-solar wind interaction that depends on uniform beam distribution or fixed growth rate. Rather, its tangency suggests the influence of a separate, escaping ion population.
Smoking Induces the Circulating Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Its Association with Cardiovascular Risk in Young Smokers

Objective: Smoking causes cardiovascular risk, which may alter the stability between the production and degradation of the extracellular matrix. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a zinc-containing endopeptidase that degrades the extracellular matrix and is involved in tissue remodelling and several physiological processes. As a result, smoking-induced elevated serum MMP-9 levels, particularly at a younger age, raise the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Thus, this study aimed to determine the possible relationship between smoking-induced circulating MMP-9 and the risk of cardiovascular disease in young smokers. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the patients were divided into three groups. Each group contains 120 study participants. Group one consisted of 120 healthy individuals with no physical and mental illness, group two consisted of 120 active smokers with a heart disease, and group three consisted of 120 active smokers with a heart disease and diabetes, who attended Sri Ramaswamy Memorial Hospital for cardiology checkup at the age of 20-55 years. The serum MMP-9, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and apolipoprotein-E (APO-E) levels were analyzed using the ELISA method, and the lipid levels were measured enzymatically using AU480 automatic analyzer (Beckman Coulter). Results: Compared with non-smokers, the study shows that the mean serum MMP-9, hs-CRP, and APO-E levels were significantly higher in smokers (p<0.001). A strong relationship was also found between MMP-9 and hs-CRP, APO-E, smoking load, and smoking intensity. Conclusions: A significant association was found between cigarette smoking with MMP-9, and relative exposure to circulating inflammation markers plays a potential role in the pathogenesis of CHD.
Effect of Baffles on Submerged Flows

This paper introduces the concept of a submerged hydraulic jump being used for energy dissipation. A baffle wall is used to produce a stable deflected surface jet, thereby deflecting the high-velocity supercritical stream away from the bed to the surface. Based on a series of experiments, a diagram was developed that predicts the conditions under which such a surface jet would be produced. A second series of experiments were performed to study the characteristics of the deflected jet, as it travels upward first as a curved turbulent jet to eventually become a turbulent surface jet. The decay of the maximum velocity in the deflected as well as the surface jet was studied and compared with that of a plane turbulent wall jet that is a model for deeply submerged jumps.
The X‐linked Becker muscular dystrophy (bmx) mouse models Becker muscular dystrophy via deletion of murine dystrophin exons 45–47

Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is a genetic neuromuscular disease of growing importance caused by in‐frame, partial loss‐of‐function mutations in the dystrophin (DMD) gene. BMD presents with reduced severity compared with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the allelic disorder of complete dystrophin deficiency. Significant therapeutic advancements have been made in DMD, including four FDA‐approved drugs. BMD, however, is understudied and underserved—there are no drugs and few clinical trials. Discordance in therapeutic efforts is due in part to lack of a BMD mouse model which would enable greater understanding of disease and de‐risk potential therapeutics before first‐in‐human trials. Importantly, a BMD mouse model is becoming increasingly critical as emerging DMD dystrophin restoration therapies aim to convert a DMD genotype into a BMD phenotype.
Predictors of educational failure at 16 and 19 years of age—SESBiC longitudinal study

Background Educational attainment is highly associated with future health and independence. Throughout childhood, children are exposed to factors that may promote educational attainment and factors that may be associated with a reduced likelihood of being able to complete their education. The purpose of the current study was to investigate which factors, measured from birth up to finishing upper secondary school, were associated with a lower mean grade point average from lower and upper secondary school as well as eligibility to upper secondary school and college/university. Methods This is a longitudinal study on 1723 children born in 1995/1996 who have been followed until they were 20 years old. Information with respect to maternal sociodemographics, maternal stress factors during pregnancy and childhood, birth characteristics of the child, child behavior at 3 and 12 years of age, and mean grade point average from lower and upper secondary school, including eligibility to upper secondary school and college/university was collected. Results Children exhibiting high problems scores on the child behavior checklist at 12 years of age and children or having other living arrangements (e.g. foster parents or institutional care) were less likely to fulfill the requirements for upper secondary school (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.17–0.71 and OR = 0.33 95% CI = 0.17–0.65, respectively). The likelihood of fulfilling the requirements to college/university was lower if the child had divorced parents at three years of age (OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.16–0.58) and exhibited externalizing problems at 12 years of age (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.24–0.86) and if the mother had experienced high level of stress at (OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.14–0.77). Conclusion Identifying mothers with high level of stressors as well as children with externalizing behaviour problems to provide guidance and support is very important as these two factors appear to be associated with future study performance in both lower and upper secondary school.
Choosing the best of the current crop

A best choice problem is presented which is intermediate between the constraints of the ‘no-information’ problem (observe only the sequence of relative ranks) and the demands of the ‘full-information’ problem (observations from a known continuous distribution). In the intermediate problem prior information is available in the form of a ‘training sample’ of size m and observations are the successive ranks of the n current items relative to their predecessors in both the current and training samples. Optimal stopping rules for this problem depend on m and n essentially only through m + n; and, as m/(m + n) → t, their success probabilities, P*(m, n), converge rapidly to explicitly derived limits p*(t) which are the optimal success probabilities in an infinite version of the problem. For fixed n, P*(m, n) increases with m from the ‘no-information’ optimal success probability to the ‘full-information’ value for sample size n. And as t increases from 0 to 1, p*(t) increases from the ‘no-information’ limit e –1 ≍ 0·37 to the ‘full-information’ limit ≍0·58. In particular p*(0·5) ≍ 0·50.
Prediction of aerodynamic flows with a new explicit algebraic stress model

We present an explicit algebraic stress model (EASM) based on the more current pressure-strain model of Speziale et al. (the SSG model). The SSG model represents a recent upgrade of the Launder et al. model that does not require wall reflection terms. The ability of the proposed model to predict nonequilibrium flows over an airfoil and a wing will be established. The ISAAC Navier-Stokes code is used to simulate the flows considered.
Anomalous C-V response correlated to relaxation processes in TiO2 thin film based-metal-insulator-metal capacitor: Effect of titanium and oxygen defects

Capacitance-voltage (C–V) and capacitance-frequency (C–f) measurements are performed on atomic layer deposited TiO2 thin films with top and bottom Au and Pt electrodes, respectively, over a large temperature and frequency range. A sharp capacitance peak/discontinuity (C–V anomalous) is observed in the C–V characteristics at various temperatures and voltages. It is demonstrated that this phenomenon is directly associated with oxygen vacancies. The C–V peak irreversibility and dissymmetry at the reversal dc voltage are attributed to difference between the Schottky contacts at the metal/TiO2 interfaces. Dielectric analyses reveal two relaxation processes with degeneration of the activation energy. The low trap level of 0.60–0.65 eV is associated with the first ionized oxygen vacancy at low temperature, while the deep trap level of 1.05 eV is associated to the second ionized oxygen vacancy at high temperature. The DC conductivity of the films exhibits a transition temperature at 200 °C, suggesting a transitio.
Treatment management of M. simiae infection complicated by severe immune reconstitution syndrome in two patients living with HIV

Nontuberculosis mycobacterium are increasingly being identified as sources of disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients. These infections can be challenging to identify and treat due complexities of diagnosis and inherent resistance to many medications. We present two cases of patients with human immunodeficiency virus who had Mycobacterium simiae infections, complicated by immune reconstruction inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). We also present a review of the English literature surrounding the disease, including reported resistance patterns to antimicrobial therapy, which can be highly variable.
Movement of a semipermeable vesicle through an osmotic gradient

A theory is presented for the movement of a vesicle in response to a gradient in concentration of an impermeable molecular solute. The vesicle is a fluid sphere bounded by a rigid semipermeable membrane which prevents solute from crossing it. The external solute gradient acts as an osmotic driving force for solvent exchange across the membrane; thus, the membrane converts the solute gradient into mechanical stresses which propel the vesicle toward regions of lower solute concentration. The speed of the vesicle is essentially independent of the fluid viscosity, only weakly dependent on the vesicle size, and directly proportional to the solute concentration gradient in the external fluid.
Autochthonous Babesia canis infections in 49 dogs in Germany

Abstract Background Vector‐borne diseases are of increasing importance in Germany. Since 2015, autochthonous cases have been increasingly documented in Berlin/Brandenburg. Objectives Describe autochthonous Babesia canis infection in the Berlin/Brandenburg region. Animals Forty‐nine dogs with autochthonous B. canis infection. Methods Evaluation of history, clinical signs, laboratory abnormalities, treatment, and outcome. Results Dogs were presented between March and August (9) and September and January (40) in the years 2015‐2021. Historical and clinical findings were lethargy (100%), pale mucous membranes (63%), fever (50%), and pigmenturia (52%). Common clinicopathological findings were thrombocytopenia (100%), anemia (85%), intravascular hemolysis (52%), pancytopenia (41%), and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS; 37%). Babesia detection was based on blood smear evaluation (n = 40) and PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene of piroplasms (n = 49). Sequencing indicated 99.47% to 100% identity to B. canis sequences from GenBank. All dogs were treated with imidocarb (2.4‐6.3 mg/kg; median, 5 mg/kg); 8 dogs received 1, 35 received 2, and 1 dog each received 3, 4, or 5 injections, respectively. Continued PCR‐positive results were detected in 7 dogs after the 1st, in 5 after the 2nd, in 2 after the 3rd, and in 1 28 days after the 4th injection. Four dogs were euthanized and 3 dogs died. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Autochthonous B. canis infections in Berlin/Brandenburg were associated with severe clinicopathological changes, SIRS, and multiorgan involvement. Testing by PCR during and after treatment is advisable to monitor treatment success. Screening of blood donors in high‐risk areas and year‐round tick protection is strongly recommended.
Increasing vaccine uptake among employees within the non-health related critical infrastructure sectors: A review

ABSTRACT This review aimed to identify barriers to employee vaccination, motivators for vaccination, and vaccine uptake strategies within the critical infrastructure sectors. We focused on non-healthcare-related sectors, including food and agriculture, manufacturing, and education where employee vaccination is rarely mandated. We conducted a search for literature published from 2012 to 2022 from MEDLINE-PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science Core Collection, which resulted in 22 studies that met the inclusion criteria. We found that 1) barriers to vaccination differ by infectious disease and population; 2) common motivators for vaccination were about protecting self, family, and community; and 3) common uptake strategies for influenza (which accounted for 83% of uptake strategies in reviewed studies) addressed convenience and confidence barriers such as vaccination cost and education. Our review highlights the need for employers, policymakers, and researchers to identify infectious disease and population-specific barriers to vaccination and implement strategies aimed at addressing the identified barriers.