Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Environmental Assessment of Aerosols, Bioaerosols, and Airborne Endotoxins in a Machining Plant

Bioaerosol monitoring was undertaken in a 185,000 m2 engine plant employing 900 production workers and 300 in the skilled trades. Sampling was performed across four seasons in nine locations: four sites were on an older (1970s) engine line, four sites on a new engine line with improved engineering controls, and one site was in assembly. The machining sites represented areas supplied with three different metal-working fluid (MWF) formulations from eight separate sump systems. Bulk in-use MWF samples were collected at the machining sites and compared with air measurements at the same sites. Gravimetric concentration of aerosol averaged 1.24 mg/m3 on the older engine line and 0.74 mg/m3 on the new line. The inhalable fraction was 87% of the aerosol and 57% was respirable. Formaldehyde yielded from biocides averaged 0.22 mg/m3 and was as high as 0.62 mg/m3. Endotoxin concentration ranged from 39 to 166,000 endotoxin units (EU)/mL in the bulk MWF and from below detection (<4 EU/m3) to 790 EU/m3 in air. Airborn.
Exchange and solution phase chemistry of acid, highly weathered soils .I. Investigation of mechanisms controlling Al release into solution

Soil solid phase and soil solution characteristics were evaluated on surface and subsoil horizons of 60 acid, highly weathered soils in the unamended state, and on a subset of 39 surface horizons following the addition of CaSO4.2H2O. The activity of Al3+ Was found to be strongly correlated with the soil solution pH, with Al3+ activity increasing as pH decreased. For surface soils in the unamended state, and for the majority of subsoils, the Al3+ activity calculated was comparable to the theoretical activity supported by the dissolution of gibbsite (Al2O3.3H2O). The Al3+ activity in CaSO4.2H2O-amended samples tended to fall below that maintained by gibbsite dissolution and was more closely correlated with the Al3+ activity supported by the dissolution of jurbanite (AlSO4 (OH). 5H2O).
Computational and Experimental Fluid Dynamics of Jet Loop Reactor

A computational analysis using standard k-e model, RSM and LES has been carried out for jet loop reactors (JLR) to investigate the mean and turbulence quantities. These simulations have revealed that the flow in JLR was different from the self-similar round jets. RSM and LES showed better agreement with PIV measurements compared with standard k-e model. The modeled turbulence production and transport in k-e model overpredicted those estimated from LES data. To reduce the limitations, modified k-e models have been evaluated for JLR. Also, a hybrid k-e model has been suggested, which was found to perform better than other modified k-e models. This model was also found to hold for stirred tank reactors (STRs). Mixing time analysis has been carried out for JLR and STR at same power consumption. It has been shown that JLR can be inferior to STR if proper nozzle diameter is not selected.
Advanced Open‐Chain Nitramines as Energetic Materials: Heterocyclic‐Substituted 1,3‐Dichloro‐2‐nitrazapropane

There are great demands to develop explosives with higher performance accompanied by reduced sensitivities towards external stimuli, higher thermal stability and improved environmental acceptability. This contribution presents modified nitramines, which were investigated by nucleophilic substitution reactions of potassium salts of 5-amino-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole, 3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazole, 3,5-dinitroimidazole, 2,4-dinitroimidazole, 4-amino-3,5-dinitropyrazole, 3,5-dinitropyrazole, 3,4-dinitropyrazole and 3,4,5-trinitropyrazole on 1,3-dichloro-2-nitrazapropane. The energetic compounds were comprehensively characterized and their detonation parameters were calculated by the EXPLO5 code. Heats of formation were calculated by the atomization method using CBS-4M electronic enthalpies. The presented compounds show detonation performances comparable to pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). In addition, they possess high thermal stabilities and low sensitivities, which make them interesting for further investigations and possible applications as insensitive, high-energy dense materials.
“Welcome to America”: Immigrants’ perceptions of welcomeness as a factor in L2 acquisition

The present study seeks to gain new insights into the L2 acquisition process of immigrants learning English in the United States by investigating the hypothesized role of a new construct in SLA: Welcomeness. Welcomeness refers to the L2 learner’s perceptions of the L2 community’s attitudes toward the learner—particularly the extent to which the L2 learner feels respected, accepted, and supported by the L2 community. Drawing on the theoretical framework of Gardner’s (1985b) Integrative Motivation complex, the investigation aimed to explore whether Welcomeness is a distinct construct, whether it can be reliably measured, and what its relationship might be to other factors in L2 acquisition. Data were collected via a sociolinguistic questionnaire specifically developed for this study, which was distributed to 29 immigrant English learners in Nashville, Tennessee. Factor analysis and assessment of internal reliability found evidence that Welcomeness is a distinct, measurable construct. Further statistical analysis found a positive relationship between Welcomeness and learners’ selfreported English proficiency, as well as their intention to continue residing in the United States for the foreseeable future. The directionality of these relationships, however, was unable to be assessed. The paper concludes with several caveats and ideas for future research into the impact of Welcomeness on immigrants’ L2 acquisition.
Environmental impact and mechanisms of the biological clogging of saturated soils and aquifer materials

The biological clogging of natural porous media, often in conjunction with physical or chemical clogging, is encountered under a wide range of conditions. Wastewater disposal, artificial groundwater recharge, in situ bioremediation of contaminated aquifers, construction of water reservoirs, or secondary oil recovery are all affected by this process. The present review provides an overview of the techniques that are used to study clogging in the laboratory, or to monitor it in field applications. After a brief survey of the clogging patterns most commonly observed in practice, and of a number of physical and chemical causes of clogging, the various mechanisms by which microorganisms clog soils and other natural porous media are analyzed in detail. A critical assessment is also provided of the few mathematical models that have been developed in the last few years to describe the biological clogging process. The overall conclusion of the review is that although information is available on several aspects of the biological clogging of natural porous media, further research is required to predict its extent quantitatively in a given situation. This is particularly true in cases that involve complicating factors such as predation or competition among organisms.
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE EXTRACTION OF NITRIC ACID AND PLUTONIUM(IV) NITRATE WITH 30 VOL.% TRIBUTYL PHOSPHATE (TBP)

Abstract Own and published data were evaluated for characterizing the effect of temperature on the distribution of nitric acid and plutonium(IV). The solutes were distributed between 30 vol.% TBP in an aliphatic diluent and aqueous solutions containing nitric acid and zero to macro amounts of plutonium(IV) and uranyl nitrates. The temperature dependence of the distribution ratios is described with empirical model equations and examples of the dependence in the absence and presence of uranium(VI) are given. Taking infinite dilution of all solutes of the system as a standard state, the enthalpy change of the extraction reaction could be estimated as −17 kJ/mol for nitric acid but no numerical estimate was possible for plutonium(IV).
Adaptive-Learning Neuron Integrated Circuits Using Metal-Ferroelectric (SrBi Ta O )-Semiconductor (MFS) FET's

An adaptive-learning neuron circuit was fabricated for the first time by integrating a metal-ferroelectric- semiconductor (MFS) FET and a complementary unijunction transistor (CUJT) on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structure. SrBi Ta O (SBT) was selected as a ferroelectric gate material and it was deposited by liquid source misted chemical deposition (LSMCD) method. In fabrication of the circuit, a new selective etchant, NH F : HCl, was used to remove the unnecessary SBT film, since it was found from preliminary experiments that the parasitic ferroelectric capacitors prevented normal operation of the circuit. It was found that the drain current of MFSFET was changed gradually by applying a number of input pulses with a sufficiently short duration time of 20 ns. The gradual change in the output pulse frequency of the neuron circuit was also demonstrated as the number of input pulses was increased.
Chemistry Problem-Solving: Symbol, Macro, Micro, and Process Aspects

This article summarizes a paper by Yehudit J. Dori and Mira Hameiri, "Multidimensional Analysis System for Quantitative Chemistry Problems: Symbol, Macro, Micro, and Process Aspects" (J. Res. Sci. Teach. 2003, 40, 278-333), which describes the Multidimensional Analysis System (MAS), an approach to constructing, classifying, and analyzing introductory stoichiometry problems. In a comparison study the research population used the MAS problem solving approach for nine weeks on a particular topic; the control group studied the same topic for the same duration using a traditional instructional approach. Experimental group students scored significantly higher on an exit examination than their control group peers on the same examination. Students who had mathematics skills at the basic level benefited significantly more from MAS-based teaching than those whose mathematics level was more advanced.
ACOUSTIC IMPULSE RESPONSE FOR MEASURING THE FIRMNESS OF MANDARIN DURING STORAGE

The objective of this research was to evaluate the ability of acoustic impulse response for monitoring the mandarin firmness change during storage. The dominant resonant frequency, stiffness coefficient (SC) and elasticity coefficient (EC) decrease with storage time. A good correlation was established between the acoustic parameters (SC and EC) and fruit compression force, and the correlation coefficients were 0.88 and 0.92, respectively. Acoustic impulse response gives a good indication of firmness change for mandarin during storage. The change of EC was more prominent (greatest), and hence it can be a better index of mandarin firmness. The nondestructive acoustic test might replace conventional destructive test for mandarin to determine fruit firmness and expected shelf life.
13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of some C19-diterpenoid alkaloids and their derivatives

The natural abundance carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of some C19-diterpenoid alkaloids and their alkamines (lappaconitine, lappaconine, lapaconidine, ranaconine, 14-dehydrobrowniine, aconine, pseudoaconine, deoxyaconine, and hypaconine) have been determined at 15.03 MHz. With the aid of proton decoupling techniques, additivity relationships, and comparison with spectra of related alkaloids, self-consistent and unambiguous assignments of nearly all carbon resonances for these alkaloids have been made. Some important chemical shift trends have been observed, which are useful for identifying the basic C19-diterpenoid alkaloid skeleton and the hydroxy and methoxy group substitution patterns in these alkaloids. On the basis of 13C nmr spectra of lappaconitine and lappaconine, the anthranoyl ester moiety is assigned to the C-4 position in lappaconitine. The 13C nmr spectra of lapaconidine, aconine, and pseudoaconine taken in pyridine and chloroform have been compared to determine the conformationa.
Star polymers confined in a nanoslit: a simulation test of scaling and self-consistent field theories

The free energy cost of confining a star polymer where f flexible polymer chains containing N monomeric units are tethered to a central unit in a slit with two parallel repulsive walls a distance D apart is considered, for good solvent conditions. Also the parallel and perpendicular components of the gyration radius of the star polymer, and the monomer density profile across the slit are obtained. Theoretical descriptions via Flory theory and scaling treatments are outlined, and compared to numerical self-consistent field calculations (applying the Scheutjens–Fleer lattice theory) and to Molecular Dynamics results for a bead-spring model. It is shown that Flory theory and self-consistent field (SCF) theory yield the correct scaling of the parallel linear dimension of the star with N, f and D, but cannot be used for estimating the free energy cost reliably. We demonstrate that the same problem occurs already for the confinement of chains in cylindrical tubes. We also briefly discuss the problem of a free or grafted star polymer interacting with a single wall, and show that the dependence of confining force on the functionality of the star is different for a star confined in a nanoslit and a star interacting with a single wall, which is due to the absence of a symmetry plane in the latter case.
Acidity Control Utilizing Different Soil Management Methods in Italian Ryegrass and Silage Maize Production Systems

: This study examined the effects of liming on soil acidity and base saturation (V) in Italian ryegrass (ryegrass) and silage maize production systems over the medium-term. A split-plot design with four replications was employed on Humic Hapludox. The plots consisted of four soil management methods: conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), no-tillage (NT) and chiselled NT (CNT). Within the split plots, ryegrass was used as cover crop (CC), silage (S), and integrated crop-livestock (ICL) system. Following ryegrass phytomass the maize was sowed. Once the maize had been cut with a silage machine, soil samples were collected from the layers 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20 and 20-30 cm at 24 and 60 months after liming. The attributes pH, H+Al, exchangeable aluminium (Al 3+ ), and V were evaluated. The highest pH and V values were observed in the 0-5 cm layer in NT. The CNT did not result in improvement of acidity conditions or V. The ryegrass as S and ICL decreased soil acidity from 10 cm layer. NT combined with ICL provided soil acidity improvements 60 months after liming. Therefore, the exploration of winter with Italian ryegrass may elicit greater benefits in deep soil layers than cover crops.
Assessing the Fornax globular cluster timing problem in different models of dark matter

We investigate what the orbits of globular clusters (GCs) in the Fornax dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy can teach us about dark matter (DM). This problem was recently studied for ultralight dark matter (ULDM). We consider two additional models: (i) fermionic degenerate dark matter (DDM), where Pauli blocking should be taken into account in the dynamical friction computation; and (ii) self-interacting dark matter (SIDM). We give a simple and direct Fokker-Planck derivation of dynamical friction, new in the case of DDM and reproducing previous results in the literature for ULDM and cold DM. ULDM, DDM and SIDM were considered in the past as leading to cores in dSphs, a feature that acts to suppress dynamical friction and prolong GC orbits. For DDM we derive a version of the cosmological free-streaming limit that is independent of the DM production mechanism, finding that DDM cannot produce an appreciable core in Fornax without violating Lyα limits. If the Ly-α limit is discounted for some reason, then stellar kinematics data does allow a DDM core which could prolong GC orbits. For SIDM we find that significant prolongation of GC orbits could be obtained for values of the self-interaction cross section considered in previous works. In addition to reassessing the inspiral time using updated observational data, we give a new perspective on the so-called GC timing problem, demonstrating that for a cuspy cold DM profile dynamical friction predicts a z = 0 radial distribution for the innermost GCs that is independent of initial conditions. The observed orbits of Fornax GCs are consistent with this expectation with a mild apparent fine-tuning at the level of ∼ 25%.
A First Chandra View of the Cool Core Cluster A1668: Offset Cooling and AGN Feedback Cycle

We present a multiwavelength analysis of the cluster A1668, performed by means of new EVLA and Chandra observations and archival Hα data. The radio images exhibit a small central source (∼14 kpc at 1.4 GHz) with L 1.4GHz ∼ 6 · 1023 W Hz−1. The mean spectral index between 1.4 GHz and 5 GHz is ∼−1, consistent with the usual indices found in BCGs. The cooling region extends for 40 kpc, with bolometric X-ray luminosity L cool = 1.9 ± 0.1 · 1043 erg s−1. We detect an offset of ∼6 kpc between the cluster BCG and the X-ray peak, and another offset of ∼7.6 kpc between the Hα and the X-ray peaks. We discuss possible causes for these offsets, which suggest that the coolest gas is not condensing directly from the lowest-entropy gas. In particular, we argue that the cool ICM was drawn out from the core by sloshing, whereas the Hα filaments were pushed aside from the expanding radio galaxy lobes. We detect two putative X-ray cavities, spatially associated with the west radio lobe (cavity A) and the east radio lobe (cavity B). The cavity power and age of the system are P cav ∼ 9 × 1042 erg s−1 and t age ∼ 5.2 Myr, respectively. Evaluating the position of A1668 in the cooling luminosity–cavity power parameter space, we find that the AGN energy injection is currently consistent within the scatter of the relationship, suggesting that offset cooling is likely not breaking the AGN feedback cycle.
Fe b 20 21 Degree dependent transmission probabilities in epidemic processes

The outcome of SIR epidemics with heterogeneous infective lifetimes, or heterogeneous susceptibilities, can be mapped onto a directed percolation process on the underlying contact network. In this paper we study SIR models where heterogeneity is a result of the degree dependence of disease transmission rates. We develop numerical methods to determine the epidemic threshold, the epidemic probability and epidemic size close to the threshold for configuration model contact networks with arbitrary degree distribution and an arbitrary matrix of transmission rates (dependent on transmitting and receiving node degree). For the special case of separable transmission rates we obtain analytical expressions for these quantities. We propose a categorization of spreading processes based on the ratio of the probability of an epidemic and the expected size of an epidemic. We demonstrate that this ratio has a complex dependence on the degree distribution and the degreedependent transmission rates. We study the case of scale-free contact networks and transmission rates that are power functions of transmitting and receiving node degrees. We find that the expected epidemic size and the probability of an epidemic may grow nonlinearly above the epidemic threshold, with exponents that depend not only on the degree distribution powerlaw exponent, but on the parameters of the transmission rate degree dependence functions, contrary to ordinary directed percolation and previously studied variations of the SIR model.
Style and Pose Control for Image Synthesis of Humans from a Single Monocular View

Photo-realistic re-rendering of a human from a single image with explicit control over body pose, shape and appearance enables a wide range of applications, such as human appearance transfer, virtual try-on, motion imitation, and novel view synthesis. While significant progress has been made in this direction using learning-based image generation tools, such as GANs, existing approaches yield noticeable artefacts such as blurring of fine details, unrealistic distortions of the body parts and garments as well as severe changes of the textures. We, therefore, propose a new method for synthesising photo-realistic human images with explicit control over pose and part-based appearance, i.e., StylePoseGAN, where we extend a non-controllable generator to accept conditioning of pose and appearance separately. Our network can be trained in a fully supervised way with human images to disentangle pose, appearance and body parts, and it significantly outperforms existing single image re-rendering methods. Our disentangled representation opens up further applications such as garment transfer, motion transfer, virtual try-on, head (identity) swap and appearance interpolation. StylePoseGAN achieves state-of-the-art image generation fidelity on common perceptual metrics compared to the current best-performing methods and convinces in a comprehensive user study.
Dynamic neural garments

A vital task of the wider digital human effort is the creation of realistic garments on digital avatars, both in the form of characteristic fold patterns and wrinkles in static frames as well as richness of garment dynamics under avatars' motion. Existing workflow of modeling, simulation, and rendering closely replicates the physics behind real garments, but is tedious and requires repeating most of the workflow under changes to characters' motion, camera angle, or garment resizing. Although data-driven solutions exist, they either focus on static scenarios or only handle dynamics of tight garments. We present a solution that, at test time, takes in body joint motion to directly produce realistic dynamic garment image sequences. Specifically, given the target joint motion sequence of an avatar, we propose dynamic neural garments to synthesize plausible dynamic garment appearance from a desired viewpoint. Technically, our solution generates a coarse garment proxy sequence, learns deep dynamic features attached to this template, and neurally renders the features to produce appearance changes such as folds, wrinkles, and silhouettes. We demonstrate generalization behavior to both unseen motion and unseen camera views. Further, our network can be fine-tuned to adopt to new body shape and/or background images. We demonstrate our method on a wide range of real and synthetic garments. We also provide comparisons against existing neural rendering and image sequence translation approaches, and report clear quantitative and qualitative improvements. Project page: http://geometry.cs. ucl.ac. uk/projects/2021/DynamicNeuralGarments/
Permutation-based true discovery guarantee by sum tests

Sum-based global tests are highly popular in multiple hypothesis testing. In this paper, we propose a general closed testing procedure for sum tests, which provides lower confidence bounds for the proportion of true discoveries (TDPs), simultaneously over all subsets of hypotheses. These simultaneous inferences come for free, i.e., without any adjustment of the α-level, whenever a global test is used. Our method allows for an exploratory approach, as simultaneity ensures control of the TDP even when the subset of interest is selected post hoc. It adapts to the unknown joint distribution of the data through permutation testing. Any sum test may be employed, depending on the desired power properties. We present an iterative shortcut for the closed testing procedure, based on the branch and bound algorithm, which converges to the full closed testing results, often after few iterations; even if it is stopped early, it controls the TDP. We compare the properties of different choices for the sum test through simulations, then we illustrate the feasibility of the method for high-dimensional data on brain imaging and genomics data.