Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extracting Ancient Maya Structures from Aerial LiDAR Data using Deep Learning

The advent of LiDAR technology has had a revolutionary impact on archaeological prospection by vastly enlarging the coverage of ancient landscapes and consequently the number of ancient surface features. However, manual analysis by experts requires a significant time and money investment. This paper describes a deep learning model developed to segment, i.e., label, the semantics of objects of interest as a means to augment or supplant manual labeling of LiDAR data. The U-Net deep learning model forms the backbone of the system which has shown success in providing accurate outputs on similar LiDAR data set. The trained U-Net model is integrated into an inference pipeline to transform expansive LiDAR datasets into labeled output images. Work focuses on the classification of two semantic types: (1) platforms and (2) annular structures whose attributes, e.g., location, shape, and distribution, play an important role in improving our understanding of ancient Maya civilizations. This article provides a deep learning-based system that efficiently extracted these structures. CNN-generated inferences were compared against expert-labeled features to measure algorithm performance. Results for a LiDAR survey of 479 sq. km. indicate that the CNN provides an IoU performance of 0.82 and 0.74 for annular structures and platforms respectively. The discussion further analyzes how IoU performance relates to the viability of this approach as an aid or substitute for manual labeling.
Global Visual–Inertial Localization for Autonomous Vehicles with Pre-Built Map

Accurate, robust and drift-free global pose estimation is a fundamental problem for autonomous vehicles. In this work, we propose a global drift-free map-based localization method for estimating the global poses of autonomous vehicles that integrates visual–inertial odometry and global localization with respect to a pre-built map. In contrast to previous work on visual–inertial localization, the global pre-built map provides global information to eliminate drift and assists in obtaining the global pose. Additionally, in order to ensure the local odometry frame and the global map frame can be aligned accurately, we augment the transformation between these two frames into the state vector and use a global pose-graph optimization for online estimation. Extensive evaluations on public datasets and real-world experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method can provide accurate global pose-estimation results in different scenarios. The experimental results are compared against the mainstream map-based localization method, revealing that the proposed approach is more accurate and consistent than other methods.
The Effect of Cultural Attachment on Perceived Image of Sojourn Destination: an Evidence From Chinese Descent Students of Asean Coming to Guangxi, China

Purpose: The main purpose of this paper is to investigate how international students as experienced visitors constitute perceived images of their sojourns destination under the influence of cultural attachment. Theoretical framework: The framework extends the three-dimensional structure of perceived image consisting of the cognitive image, affective image, and conative image dimensions supported by previous literature (Agapito, Valle & Mendes, 2013), adding the relevant influence of the cultural attachment dimension (Hong, Fang, Yang & Phua, 2013). Design/methodology/approach: The research methodology used quantitative analysis. The deductive approach was used as a guide to build hypotheses based on the logical inter-dimensional relationships described previously in the literature. 525 ASEAN Chinese with study abroad experience in Guangxi participated in the questionnaire investigation as respondents, and related data were tested for the stated hypotheses using SPSS 26.0. Findings: The main findings further support previous similar studies that there are important interrelationships in the internal composition of perceived images, and innovatively confirm the important role of cultural attachment on perceived images. Research, Practical & Social implications: The research makes distinctive use of the cultural experiences of overseas students, offering possibilities for tourism image communication and destination marketing. Originality/value: The results uncover the academic value of cultural attachment to destination image marketing, which enriches the theoretical system of tourism destination marketing to some extent.
The Orbital Nature of 81 Ellipsoidal Red Giant Binaries in the Large Magellanic Cloud

In this paper, we collect a sample of 81 ellipsoidal red giant binaries in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), and we study their orbital natures individually and statistically. The sample contains 59 systems with circular orbits and 22 systems with eccentric orbits. We derive orbital solutions using the 2010 version of the Wilson–Devinney code. The sample is selection-bias corrected, and the orbital parameter distributions are compared to model predictions for the LMC and to observations in the solar vicinity. The masses of the red giant primaries are found to range from about 0.6 to 9 with a peak at around 1.5 , in agreement with studies of the star formation history of the LMC, which find a burst of star formation beginning around 4 Gyr ago. The observed distribution of mass ratios is more consistent with the flat q distribution derived for the solar vicinity by Raghavan et al. than it is with the solar vicinity q distribution derived by Duquennoy & Mayor. There is no evidence for an excess number of systems with equal mass components. We find that about 20% of the ellipsoidal binaries have eccentric orbits, twice the fraction estimated by Soszynski et al. Our eccentricity evolution test shows that the existence of eccentric ellipsoidal red giant binaries on the upper parts of the red giant branch (RGB) can only be explained if tidal circularization rates are ∼1/100 the rates given by the usual theory of tidal dissipation in convective stars.
Negative effects of teacher burnout on student executive function and social-emotional outcomes

Abstract Teacher burnout can directly shape students’ learning environments and outcomes, as burnt-out teachers may provide less emotional support and less positive behaviour management to students. Yet studies of the effects of burnout on student outcomes – particularly non-academic outcomes – are scarce, even more so in low-income countries. This study attempts to establish a rigorous estimate of burnout on students’ social-emotional, executive function, and social competence skills in Ghanaian primary schools. We use a generalised propensity score model, which aims to eliminate bias from unobserved characteristics, to examine how two elements of teacher burnout – emotional exhaustion and lack of personal accomplishment – predict student outcomes. We find small negative associations between teachers’ emotional exhaustion and students’ executive function, and marginally statistically significant negative associations between teachers’ emotional exhaustion and lack of personal accomplishment with students’ social competence. Implications for educational practice and future research are discussed.
Almost global-in-time solution of the Prandtl equations in Sobolev space

In this paper, we study the long time well-posedness for the nonlinear Prandtl boundary layer equation on the half plane. The initial data is the perturbation of a monotonic shear profile, we prove the existence, uniqueness and stability of solutions in weighted Sobolev space, the life span of the solution can be arbitrarily long while the initial perturbation of the monotonic shear profile is enough small. We use the energy method to prove the existence of solution by a parabolic regularizing approximation. The nonlinear cancellation properties of the Prandtl equations under the monotonic assumption is the main ingredients to establish a new energy estimate.
Effect of Collaborative Programming on Students Achievement Learning Object-Oriented Programming Course

Employers need qualified human resources with high competitiveness and employability skills to compete in the age of technological disruption especially collaborative work. IT Students could fill the profile. Nevertheless, teachers still face challenges in teaching object-oriented programming (OOP) to students who struggle with complexity that involves a level of abstraction necessary to understand the concepts. The objective of this paper is to discern and study the overall effects non-real-time collaborative programming using Media Wiki in OOP courses. According to the quasi-experimental method conducted among 56 students majoring in Informatics, and utilizing Media Wiki, a collaborative programming learning model has been applied. The study was divided into an experimental class of 30 students and a control class of 26 students. The survey results show that students get better programming achievement. There is a decrease in the level of OOP abstraction by students. Students’ collaborative experience increases and indirectly improves their collaboration skills. After the experiment, students were asked to complete an online questionnaire mainly occurred to assess the effectiveness of the teaching and learning method using of Media Wiki for collaborative programming. As results, the students report that they are able to assimilate complex concepts and code more easily in collaborative learning using Media Wiki.
Iterative Robust H∞-FIR Filtering Algorithm for Disturbed Systems Under Harsh Conditions

State estimation of industrial processes is often carried out under harsh conditions in uncertain environments. Therefore, robust state estimators are required. To address this demand, in this article, a batch <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_\infty$</tex-math></inline-formula> finite impulse response (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_\infty$</tex-math></inline-formula>-FIR) filter is developed for disturbed systems under measurement and initial errors. The gain for the batch <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_\infty$</tex-math></inline-formula>-FIR filter is numerically computed using linear matrix inequality (LMI). Since LMI contains a quadratic form with respect to the filter gain, a theorem is proved and an iterative computation algorithm is developed. Based on numerical simulations of harsh conditions and an experimental example, it is shown that the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_\infty$</tex-math></inline-formula>-FIR filter significantly outperforms the Kalman filter and is almost as robust as the unbiased FIR filter.
Roles of Brand Benefits and Relationship Commitment in Consumers’ Social Media Behavior around Sustainable Fashion

As climate change continues, environmental sustainability has become a popular topic among brands and consumer groups. The fashion industry has detrimental impacts on the natural environment; however, little is known about how brand benefits can help sustainable fashion brands develop relationships with consumers and promote consumer behavior. This study focuses on Instagram to investigate how consumers’ perceived brand benefits predict relationship commitment, electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), and purchase intention. Prior studies have overlooked the possible effects of various benefits. This study outlines five benefits of sustainable fashion brands: inner self-expression, social self-expression, warm glow, green, and economic benefits. Results from a survey of sustainable fashion brand followers on Instagram showed that eWOM positively related with economic benefits and negatively with warm glow and green benefits. Findings further indicated a mediating effect of relationship commitment between benefits and consumers’ behavior. Lastly, the level of environmental attitude influenced the mediating impact of relationship commitment. The implications of these findings are discussed, and suggestions for future research are provided.
Neuroimaging Technology in Exercise Neurorehabilitation Research in Persons with MS: A Scoping Review

There is increasing interest in the application of neuroimaging technology in exercise neurorehabilitation research among persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). The inclusion and focus on neuroimaging outcomes in MS exercise training research is critical for establishing a biological basis for improvements in functioning and elevating exercise within the neurologist’s clinical armamentarium alongside disease modifying therapies as an approach for treating the disease and its consequences. Indeed, the inclusion of selective neuroimaging approaches and sensor-based technology among physical activity, mobility, and balance outcomes in such MS research might further allow for detecting specific links between the brain and real-world behavior. This paper provided a scoping review on the application of neuroimaging in exercise training research among persons with MS based on searches conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. We identified 60 studies on neuroimaging-technology-based (primarily MRI, which involved a variety of sequences and approaches) correlates of functions, based on multiple sensor-based measures, which are typically targets for exercise training trials in MS. We further identified 12 randomized controlled trials of exercise training effects on neuroimaging outcomes in MS. Overall, there was a large degree of heterogeneity whereby we could not identify definitive conclusions regarding a consistent neuroimaging biomarker of MS-related dysfunction or singular sensor-based measure, or consistent neural adaptation for exercise training in MS. Nevertheless, the present review provides a first step for better linking correlational and randomized controlled trial research for the development of high-quality exercise training studies on the brain in persons with MS, and this is timely given the substantial interest in exercise as a potential disease-modifying and/or neuroplasticity-inducing behavior in this population.
Asymptotic rate of a Markov process

For a Markov process in discrete time, both (a) the time-dependent behaviour of the process at time t, and (b) the behaviour of moments (if finite) of the process, whether or not stationary, as a function of time-lag t, are determined by solutions to a single equation, the key equation. The state space of the process is required only to be both a measure space, and a locally convex topological vector space, which may have infinite dimension. The asymptotic behaviour of both (a) and (b), for large times t, is shown to be (nearly) the same, being proportional to t ξ e −βt , where the exponent β is calculable from an eigenvalue of a linear operator, describing the Markov process. For a large class of Markov processes, the spectrum of this operator is shown to consist of discrete eigenvalues only. Queueing applications are discussed.
The Role of Consumer Emotional Value, and Service Innovation on Consumer Purchase Decisions: TAM Theory Approach

This study aims to analyze the influence of customer emotional value and service innovation variables on consumer purchase decisions using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) theory approach. This study uses a quantitative approach and uses primary data from questionnaires and secondary data. The sample in this study were 231 people spread across various provinces in Indonesia using an unlimited population. Data analysis was performed using validity test, reliability test, R-squared test, F-squared test, direct effect test, and Partial Least Square (PLS) hypothesis submission. The results show that the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has a positive and significant effect on Emotional Value and Service Innovation, as well as on Consumer Purchase Decisions through the mediation of Emotional Value and Service Innovation. However, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) does not have a positive and significant effect on Consumer Purchase Decisions directly.
Influence of the Impact of Tourism Partnerships and Associated Tourism Factors on the Performance of Tourism in Beaches of Kwale County

Collaborative tourism governance among the stakeholders is one of the approaches used to manage tourism destinations. This approach is not devoid of bottlenecks. This study sought to determine the influence of collaborative tourism governance on tourism performance in Kwale County. The study objectives were to; review the impact of tourism partnerships on the performance of tourism in beaches of Kwale County and to examine factors associated with influencing the successful operations of tourism partnerships for better tourism performance in Kwale County. This study adopted a descriptive research design and mixed methods of collecting quantitative and qualitative primary data. The study was conducted at the beaches of Kwale County which have a wide range of tourist attractions and a variety of tourism stakeholders. The study targeted senior officers involved in tourism activities working for the National government and its affiliated tourism agencies. The study also targeted senior tourism and trade officers working for Kwale County Government. In addition, the study targeted private associations involved in tourism activities in Kwale County. Purposive sampling techniques were used to select senior officers and officials and members of stakeholder’s associations who participated in the survey. The key informant interview schedule was used to collect data from senior officers while a semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data primary data from associations’ respondents. Multiple linear regression fitness model analysis was used to predict the influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable. Based on the findings of this study it can be concluded that the impact of tourism partnership and factors associated with influencing the operations of tourism alliances play a critical role in the performance of beaches in Kwale County. The study recommends for a SWOT model be developed to ensure that all the positive and negative attributes of a beach destination concerning collaborative governance are identified. Keywords: Impact, Tourism partnerships, Performance of tourism, Beaches Influence, Successful operations and Better tourism performance.
Inclusion of molasses to garlic foliage silage and its effect
on in vitro ruminal fermentation and gas production

The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of molasses in garlic ( Allium sativum ) foliage silages and its effect on in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters and gases production including methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). To this end, fermentation was carried out in 16 microsilos with the addition of molasses (T1 – garlic foliage 90%, ground maize 10%, molasses 0%; T2 – garlic foliage 85%, ground maize 10%, molasses 5%; T3 – garlic foliage 80%, ground maize 10%, molasses 10%; T4 – garlic foliage 75%, ground maize 10%, molasses 15%; n = 4) for 50 days. Subsequently, fermentation was carried out in microsilos using rumen fluid for nutritional evalua - tion. The inclusion of molasses affected protein, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and lactic acid contents, and pH ( P < 0.05); protein and NDF decreased 22 and 12%, respectively, with the inclusion of 15% of molasses, and pH was generally reduced after the addition of molasses to the experimental treatments. However, molasses increased the NSC content and in vitro dry matter digestibility. Regarding ruminal fermentation, no changes were recorded in the proportions of volatile fatty acids ( P > 0.05), while the concentration of total volatile fatty acids increased with the addition of molasses ( P < 0.05). Ammonia-N levels decreased with the inclusion of molasses ( P < 0.05), while maximum gas production increased up to 48%. Similarly, methane production increased by 46% at the maximum dose of molasses addition ( P < 0.05), but no changes were recorded in the CH 4 :CO 2 ratio ( P > 0.05). These results suggested that the addition of molasses to garlic foliage silages did not result in significant changes in ruminal fermentation pa - rameters such as volatile fat acid (VFA) levels. Therefore, garlic foliage silage can be applied without additional supplementation to reduce agricultural waste and as a non-conventional alternative in ruminant nutrition.
Supplementation of a Multi-Carbohydrase and Phytase Complex in Diets Regardless of Nutritional Levels, Improved Nutrients Digestibility, Growth Performance, and Bone Mineralization of Growing–Finishing Pigs

Simple Summary Non-starch polysaccharides and phytate have been considered the most common antinutritional factors in feedstuffs, and there is no corresponding enzyme in animals. Our results showed that the multi-carbohydrase and phytase supplementation had a potent role in improving energy, amino acids, calcium, and phosphorus digestibility in fattening pigs regardless of dietary nutrient levels, thus increasing the deposition of calcium and phosphorus in bone and improving the growth rate and feed efficiency of fattening pigs. These findings have important implications for the application of multi-enzymes in fattening pigs to spare feed costs, reduce nutrient waste, and improve swine production efficiency. Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary multi-enzyme (multi-carbohydrase and phytase complex, MCPC) supplementation on digestibility, growth performance, bone mineralization, and carcass yield and traits in growing–finishing pigs fed diets with adequate or deficient net energy (NE), amino acids (AA), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) levels. A total of 576 crossbred [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)] barrows (~25 kg) were fed one of the six diets till live weight approached 130 kg. Basal diets included a positive control (PC), negative control 1 (NC1) and 2 (NC2), while another three diets were prepared by adding MCPC to the three basal diets. The final body weight was lower (p < 0.05) in NC2 than in NC1 and PC treatments, while overall feed intake and feed-gain ratio were higher (p < 0.05) in NC1 and NC2 than in PC treatment. The NC2 treatment showed lower (p < 0.05) carcass weight but higher (p < 0.05) lean meat percentage than the PC treatment. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP) and AA was decreased (p < 0.05) or tended (p < 0.10) to decrease in NC1 and/or NC2 diets compared with a PC diet. MCPC supplementation improved (p < 0.05) AID of Ca, P and AA (Lys, Leu, Val, Phe, Gly, Tyr and Pro), apparent total-tract digestibility (ATTD) of GE, CP, bone strength, Ca, and P retention. In conclusion, MCPC supplementation improved nutrient digestibility, bone mineralization, and growth performance of fattening pigs, regardless of the nutritional level of the basal diet.