Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Burosumab for the Treatment of Tumor‐Induced Osteomalacia

Tumor‐induced osteomalacia (TIO) is caused by phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors producing fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and is characterized by impaired phosphate metabolism, skeletal health, and quality of life. UX023T‐CL201 is an ongoing, open‐label, phase 2 study investigating the safety and efficacy of burosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits FGF23, in adults with TIO or cutaneous skeletal hypophosphatemia syndrome (CSHS). Key endpoints were changes in serum phosphorus and osteomalacia assessed by transiliac bone biopsies at week 48. This report focuses on 14 patients with TIO, excluding two diagnosed with X‐linked hypophosphatemia post‐enrollment and one with CSHS. Serum phosphorus increased from baseline (0.52 mmol/L) and was maintained after dose titration from week 22 (0.91 mmol/L) to week 144 (0.82 mmol/L, p < 0.0001). Most measures of osteomalacia were improved at week 48: osteoid volume/bone, osteoid thickness, and mineralization lag time decreased; osteoid surface/bone surface showed no change. Of 249 fractures/pseudofractures detected across 14 patients at baseline, 33% were fully healed and 13% were partially healed at week 144. Patients reported a reduction in pain and fatigue and an increase in physical health. Two patients discontinued: one to treat an adverse event (AE) of neoplasm progression and one failed to meet dosing criteria (receiving minimal burosumab). Sixteen serious AEs occurred in seven patients, and there was one death; all serious AEs were considered unrelated to treatment. Nine patients had 16 treatment‐related AEs; all were mild to moderate in severity. In adults with TIO, burosumab exhibited an acceptable safety profile and was associated with improvements in phosphate metabolism and osteomalacia. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Urine Specific Gravity Effect on Total and Segmental Body Composition Validity of Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Compared With Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry.

ABSTRACT Fleck, SJ, Hayes, A, Stadler, G, Goesch, T, Goldammer, M, and Braun, S. Urine specific gravity effect on total and segmental body composition validity of multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis compared with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-The purposes were to compare body composition measures between a specific multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer (InBody770) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and determine if hydration status within a specified range affected these measures. Methods included determining urine specific gravity before testing. Urine specific gravity needed to be within typical well-hydrated (n = 37), euhydrated (n = 45), or slightly dehydrated (n = 20) ranges. Segmental and total body composition measures were determined with the InBody770 and by DXA within the same testing session. Paired sample t-tests revealed significant differences (p < 0.005) between InBody770 and DXA for all body composition variables for all 3 hydration statuses, except for trunk fat-free mass (FFM) and trunk fat mass (FM) of the well-hydrated and euhydrated groups and right leg FM and trunk FFM of the slightly dehydrated group. For the total sample (n = 102), InBody770 significantly underestimated total body FM, right arm FFM, left arm FFM, right leg FFM, and left leg FFM with the range of underestimation being between 0.16 and 2.87 kg. The total body FFM by InBody770 was overestimated by 2.33 ± 2.80 kg or 3.6%. Bland-Altman plots supported these results. The major conclusions are that differences between the InBody770 and DXA segmental and total body FFM and FM are not significantly affected by hydration status in the range investigated, and the FM and FFM determined by the 2 devices are generally significantly different.
Retrograde filling material in periapical surgery: a systematic review

Background Periapical surgery focuses on the treatment of teeth with persistent periapical lesions when orthograde root canal treatment fails. Although MTA® is the gold standard material for retrograde filling, Biodentine® - a tricalcium silicate-based cement - has been proposed in order to resolve several of its limitations. A systematic review has been carried out to compare the physicochemical properties of Biodentine® versus MTA® as root-end filling material in periapical surgery. Material and Methods An electronic search was conducted by two independent examiners during March 2020 in the Cochrane, PubMed-MEDLINE and Scopus databases. In addition, a manual search was made in specialized journals. Comparative human or in vitro studies that evaluated bond strength, the presence of marginal gap and sealing ability were included. No restriction on publication date was applied. Animal studies, clinical cases, cases series and expert opinions were excluded. Results After analyzing 147 initially selected studies, 13 publications were included. Regarding bond strength, the studies seemed to evidence better performance of Biodentine® in both acidic and blood contaminated environments. In relation to the presence of marginal gap and sealing ability, the studies yielded contradictory results. According to some authors, the sealing ability of Biodentine® is greater than that of MTA® during the first 24 hours, though both materials prove equal after one week. Other authors recorded no significant differences. Conclusions Considering the limitations and heterogeneity of the studies included, there is not sufficient evidence to confirm the clinical superiority of Biodentine® as a root-end filling material in periapical surgery. Key words:Biodentine, MTA, retrograde filling, periapical surgery.
Identification and Comparison of Peptides from Chickpea Protein Hydrolysates Using Either Bromelain or Gastrointestinal Enzymes and Their Relationship with Markers of Type 2 Diabetes and Bitterness

The chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important pulses worldwide. The objective was to identify, compare and evaluate peptides from chickpea hydrolysates produced by two enzymatic treatments. The antidiabetic potential and bitterness of the peptides and induction of bitter receptors were identified in silico. Proteins were isolated from the Kabuli variety. Peptides were produced from the proteins using a simulated digestive system (pepsin/pancreatin, 1:50 Enzyme/Protein, E/P), and these peptides were compared with those produced via bromelain hydrolysis (1:50 E/P). The protein profiles, sequences and characteristics of the peptides were evaluated. The biochemical inhibition and molecular docking of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), α-amylase and α-glucosidase were also studied. The molecular docking identified peptides from enzymatic hydrolysis as inhibitors of DPP-IV. The high hydrophobicity of the peptides indicated the potential for bitterness. There was no correlation between peptide length and DPP-IV binding. Peptides sequenced from the pepsin/pancreatin hydrolysates, PHPATSGGGL and YVDGSGTPLT, had greater affinity for the DPP-IV catalytic site than the peptides from the bromelain hydrolysates. These results are in agreement with their biochemical inhibition, when considering the inhibition of sitagliptin (54.3 µg/mL) as a standard. The bitter receptors hTAS2R38, hTAS2R5, hTAS2R7 and hTAS2R14 were stimulated by most sequences, which could be beneficial in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Chickpea hydrolysates could be utilized as functional ingredients to be included in the diet for the prevention of diabetes.
An Unobstructive Sensing Method for Indoor Air Quality Optimization and Metabolic Assessment within Vehicles

This work investigates the use of an intelligent and unobstructive sensing technique for maintaining vehicle cabin’s indoor air quality while simultaneously assessing the driver metabolic rate. CO2 accumulation patterns are of great interest because CO2 can have negative cognitive effects at higher concentrations and also since CO2 accumulation rate can potentially be used to determine a person’s metabolic rate. The management of the vehicle’s ventilation system was controlled by periodically alternating the air recirculation mode within the cabin, which was actuated based on the CO2 levels inside the vehicle’s cabin. The CO2 accumulation periods were used to assess the driver’s metabolic rate, using a model that considered the vehicle’s air exchange rate. In the process of the method optimization, it was found that the vehicle’s air exchange rate (λ [h−1]) depends on the vehicle speeds, following the relationship: λ = 0.060 × (speed) − 0.88 when driving faster than 17 MPH. An accuracy level of 95% was found between the new method to assess the driver’s metabolic rate (1620 ± 140 kcal/day) and the reference method of indirect calorimetry (1550 ± 150 kcal/day) for a total of N = 16 metabolic assessments at various vehicle speeds. The new sensing method represents a novel approach for unobstructive assessment of driver metabolic rate while maintaining indoor air quality within the vehicle cabin.
Nutritional quality of retail food purchases is not associated with participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program for nutrition-oriented households

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) provides millions of low-income Americans food benefits and other forms of nutrition assistance. Evidence indicates that SNAP reduces food insecurity. However, there is a concern that the food benefit may increase the demand for less healthy foods more than healthier foods, thereby reducing the overall nutritional quality of the participant’s food basket. This paper aims to examine the association of SNAP participation with the nutritional quality of food-at-home purchases of low-income households and to investigate the potential heterogeneity among consumers with different levels of nutrition attitude. This analysis used food purchase data from the USDA National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (FoodAPS). Our study sample included 2,218 low-income households, of which 1,184 are SNAP participants, and 1,034 are income-eligible nonparticipants. Multivariate regressions were performed to explore the SNAP-nutritional quality association. A household’s nutrition attitude was measured using its response to a question on whether the household searched for nutrition information online in the last 2 months. Households that affirmed they had an online nutrition search were treated as nutrition-oriented households (21.2% of the low-income sample), and households that did not were considered less nutrition-oriented households (78.8%). For robustness, we also created an alternative nutrition attitude measure based on reported use of the nutrition facts label. We found that among less nutrition-oriented households, SNAP participants had a statistically significant 0.097 points (p = 0.018) lower Guiding Stars rating than low-income nonparticipants. However, there was no significant SNAP-nutritional quality association among nutrition-oriented households. In conclusion, SNAP participation was associated with lower nutritional quality of food purchases among less nutrition-oriented households, but not among nutrition-oriented households. The results suggest that the intended nutritional benefits of restrictions on purchases of healthy foods may not reach the subgroup of nutrition-oriented SNAP participants.
Hand Osteomyelitis in Patients With Secondary Raynaud Phenomenon.

6 S. aureus, E. cloacae Co-amoxiclav Swab 7 Coagulase-negative staphylococcus, E. cloacae, C. freundii, K. ascorbata Doxycycline, trimethoprim Bone R aynaud phenomenon (RP) is a common vasospastic disorder characterized by episodic color change and often intrusive neurosensory symptoms. The majority (80%–90%) of patients have primary (“idiopathic”) RP. However, the disorder can also occur secondary to a wide range of medical and drug causes. Important rheumatological causes include autoimmune connective tissue diseases and can complicate systemic vasculitis. To date, secondary RP (SRP) has been best studied in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). The majority (>96%) of patients with SSc develop RP, and this is often the first symptom of the disease. In patients with SSc, episodic vasospasm is complicated by progressive structural changes (“vasculopathy”), and this can result in persistent digital ischemia, namely, ulceration and gangrene. Digital ulcers are often infected, in particular, by Staphylococcus aureus and not uncommonly by enteric organisms, which highlights the need for meticulous wound care and hand hygiene. However, there is a paucity of data to inform the management of osteomyelitis (OM) in SSc, especially complicating digital ulcers and ischemia. Therefore, our existing treatment recommendations are largely based upon other diseases (eg, diabetes and atherosclerosis) and expert opinion. Against this background, our aim was to describe the clinical course of patients with hand OM including investigations, microbiology, management, and outcomes of patients with SRP referred to plastic surgery at a tertiary referral center.
Novel Prefrontal Synthesis Intervention Improves Language in Children with Autism

Prefrontal synthesis (PFS) is defined as the ability to juxtapose mental visuospatial objects at will. Paralysis of PFS may be responsible for the lack of comprehension of spatial prepositions, semantically-reversible sentences, and recursive sentences observed in 30 to 40% of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this report we present data from a three-year-long clinical trial of 6454 ASD children age 2 to 12 years, which were administered a PFS-targeting intervention. Tablet-based verbal and nonverbal exercises emphasizing mental-juxtaposition-of-objects were organized into an application called Mental Imagery Therapy for Autism (MITA). The test group included participants who completed more than one thousand exercises and made no more than one error per exercise. The control group was selected from the rest of participants by a matching procedure. Each test group participant was matched to the control group participant by age, gender, expressive language, receptive language, sociability, cognitive awareness, and health score at first evaluation using propensity score analysis. The test group showed a 2.2-fold improvement in receptive language score vs. control group (p < 0.0001) and a 1.4-fold improvement in expressive language (p = 0.0144). No statistically significant change was detected in other subscales not targeted by the exercises. These findings show that language acquisition improves after training PFS and that a further investigation of the PFS-targeting intervention in a randomized controlled study is warranted.
Deep Regression Prediction of Rheological Properties of SIS-Modified Asphalt Binders

The engineering properties of asphalt binders depend on the types and amounts of additives. However, measuring engineering properties is time-consuming, requires technical expertise, specialized equipment, and effort. This study develops a deep regression model for predicting the engineering property of asphalt binders based on analysis of atomic force microscopy (AFM) image analysis to test the feasibility of replacing traditional measuring estimate techniques. The base asphalt binder PG 64-22 and styrene–isoprene–styrene (SIS) modifier were blended with four different polymer additive contents (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) and then tested with a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) to evaluate the rheological data, which indicate the rutting properties of the asphalt binders. Different deep regression models are trained for predicting engineering property using AFM images of SIS binders. The mean absolute percentage error is decisive for the selection of the best deep regression architecture. This study’s results indicate the deep regression architecture is found to be effective in predicting the G*/sin δ value after the training and validation process. The deep regression model can be an alternative way to measure the asphalt binder’s engineering property quickly. This study would encourage applying a deep regression model for predicting the engineering properties of the asphalt binder.
Emergency Cesarean Section at 38 Weeks of Gestation with COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Case Report

Patient: Female, 30-year-old Final Diagnosis: COVID-19 Symptoms: Chills • cough • diarrhea • fatigue • fever • headache • myalgia • nausea • rhinorrea • shortness of breath • vomiting Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Cesarean section Specialty: Critical Care Medicine • Obstetrics and Gynecology • Surgery Objective: Rare disease Background: Up to 47% of pregnant women with COVID-19 have preterm deliveries. A severe, symptomatic COVID-19 infection in close-to-term pregnancies can have a poor prognosis. Early identification of COVID-19 in pregnant women can prevent the progression of the disease. Currently, there is very little guidance on treating pregnant close-to-term women with COVID-19; this case report suggests changes to current management to maximize positive maternal and fetal outcomes. Case Report: A pregnant woman (37 weeks of gestation) presented to the Emergency Department with a chief complaint of fever with an associated cough for 2 days. She was diagnosed with COVID-19 in the Emergency Department, and discharged in a stable condition. She returned 5 days later in preterm labor with severe respiratory distress. After an emergency cesarean section, she remained intubated in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit; she was persistently hypotensive and hypoxic despite maximal ventilator and medical treatment. She died after a cardiac arrest and unsuccessful resuscitation, 15 days after the delivery. We discuss the possible benefit of a planned C-section for close-to-term pregnancies prior to the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. The patient’s next of kin gave informed consent for this case report. Approval from the Institutional Review Board or Ethics Review Board was not required as this is a case report. Conclusions: Currently, asymptomatic pregnant women are not tested for COVID-19 infection until hospitalization for delivery. It could be beneficial to have a protocol in place to screen asymptomatic pregnant women so they can be identified early and monitored, as COVID-19 symptoms can escalate quickly.
Multi-Therapeutic Potential of Naringenin (4′,5,7-Trihydroxyflavonone): Experimental Evidence and Mechanisms

Extensive research has been carried out during the last few decades, providing a detailed account of thousands of discovered phytochemicals and their biological activities that have the potential to be exploited for a wide variety of medicinal purposes. These phytochemicals, which are pharmacologically important for clinical use, primarily consist of polyphenols, followed by terpenoids and alkaloids. There are numerous published reports indicating the primary role of phytochemicals proven to possess therapeutic potential against several diseases. However, not all phytochemicals possess significant medicinal properties, and only some of them exhibit viable biological effects. Naringenin, a flavanone found in citrus fruits, is known to improve immunity, repair DNA damage, and scavenge free radicals. Despite the very low bioavailability of naringenin, it is known to exhibit various promising biological properties of medicinal importance, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This review focuses on the various aspects related to naringenin, particularly its physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties. Furthermore, various pharmacological activities of naringenin, such as anticancer, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, nephroprotective, and gastroprotective effects, have been discussed along with their mechanisms of action.
Distinct Laminar and Cellular Patterns of GABA Neuron Transcript Expression in Monkey Prefrontal and Visual Cortices.

The functional output of a cortical region is shaped by its complement of GABA neuron subtypes. GABA-related transcript expression differs substantially between the primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and primary visual (V1) cortices in gray matter homogenates, but the laminar and cellular bases for these differences are unknown. Quantification of levels of GABA-related transcripts in layers 2 and 4 of monkey DLPFC and V1 revealed three distinct expression patterns: 1) transcripts with higher levels in DLPFC and layer 2 [e.g., somatostatin (SST)]; 2) transcripts with higher levels in V1 and layer 4 [e.g., parvalbumin (PV)], and 3) transcripts with similar levels across layers and regions [e.g., glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67)]. At the cellular level, these patterns reflected transcript- and cell type-specific differences: the SST pattern primarily reflected differences in the relative proportions of SST mRNA-positive neurons, the PV pattern primarily reflected differences in PV mRNA expression per neuron, and the GAD67 pattern reflected opposed patterns in the relative proportions of GAD67 mRNA-positive neurons and in GAD67 mRNA expression per neuron. These findings suggest that differences in the complement of GABA neuron subtypes and in gene expression levels per neuron contribute to the specialization of inhibitory neurotransmission across cortical circuits.
Effect of Chromium and Molybdenum Addition on the Microstructure of In Situ TiC-Reinforced Composite Surface Layers Fabricated on Ductile Cast Iron by Laser Alloying

In situ TiC-reinforced composite surface layers (TRLs) were produced on a ductile cast iron substrate by laser surface alloying (LA) using pure Ti powder and mixtures of Ti-Cr and Ti-Mo powders. During LA with pure Ti, the intensity of fluid flow in the molten pool, which determines the TRL’s compositional uniformity, and thus Ti content in the alloyed zone, was directly affected by the fraction of synthesized TiC particles in the melt—with increasing the TiC fraction, the convection was gradually reduced. The introduction of additional Cr or Mo powders into the molten pool, due to their beneficial effect on the intensity of the molten pool convection, elevated the Ti concentration in the melt, and, thus, the TiC fraction in the TRL. It was found that the melt enrichment of Cr, in conjunction with non-equilibrium cooling conditions, suppressed the martensitic transformation of the matrix, which lowered the total hardness of the TRL. Moreover, the presence of Cr in the melt (~3 wt%) altered the growth morphology of the synthesized primary TiC precipitates compared with that obtained using pure Ti. The addition of Mo in the melt produced (Ti, Mo)C primary precipitates that exhibited a nonuniform Mo distribution (coring structure). The dissolution of Mo in the primary TiC precipitates did not affect its growth morphology.