Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep entity matching with pre-trained language models

We present Ditto, a novel entity matching system based on pre-trained Transformer-based language models. We fine-tune and cast EM as a sequence-pair classification problem to leverage such models with a simple architecture. Our experiments show that a straight-forward application of language models such as BERT, DistilBERT, or RoBERTa pre-trained on large text corpora already significantly improves the matching quality and outperforms previous state-of-the-art (SOTA), by up to 29% of F1 score on benchmark datasets. We also developed three optimization techniques to further improve Ditto's matching capability. Ditto allows domain knowledge to be injected by highlighting important pieces of input information that may be of interest when making matching decisions. Ditto also summarizes strings that are too long so that only the essential information is retained and used for EM. Finally, Ditto adapts a SOTA technique on data augmentation for text to EM to augment the training data with (difficult) examples. This way, Ditto is forced to learn "harder" to improve the model's matching capability. The optimizations we developed further boost the performance of Ditto by up to 9.8%. Perhaps more surprisingly, we establish that Ditto can achieve the previous SOTA results with at most half the number of labeled data. Finally, we demonstrate Ditto's effectiveness on a real-world large-scale EM task. On matching two company datasets consisting of 789K and 412K records, Ditto achieves a high F1 score of 96.5%.
NBDT: Neural-Backed Decision Trees

Machine learning applications such as finance and medicine demand accurate and justifiable predictions, barring most deep learning methods from use. In response, previous work combines decision trees with deep learning, yielding models that (1) sacrifice interpretability to maintain accuracy or (2) underperform modern neural networks to maintain interpretability. We forgo this dilemma by proposing Neural-Backed Decision Trees (NBDTs), modified hierarchical classifiers that use trees constructed in weight-space. Our NBDTs achieve (1) interpretability and (2) neural network accuracy: We preserve interpretable properties -- e.g., leaf purity and a non-ensembled model -- and demonstrate interpretability of model predictions both qualitatively and quantitatively. Furthermore, NBDTs match state-of-the-art neural networks on CIFAR10, CIFAR100, TinyImageNet, and ImageNet to within 1-2%. This yields state-of-the-art interpretable models on ImageNet, with NBDTs besting all decision-tree-based methods by ~14% to attain 75.30% top-1 accuracy. Code and pretrained NBDTs are at this https URL.
Respiratory morbidity in term neonates following elective caesarean section

Background: Cesarean sections continue to increase day by day in both developed and developing countries. The chances of respiratory morbidity are more in babies born by C-section compared to normal deliveries due to absence of squeezing of lung during delivery and also absence of changes in maternal-fetal hormonal milieu. As gestation progresses lung maturation improves and less chances of respiratory morbidity. The objective of this study is to determine respiratory morbidity and to correlate weeks of gestation and respiratory morbidity in term neonates following elective C- section. Methods: The records of babies born by elective C-section in Father Muller Medical College Hospital between 1 st June 2015 to 31 st May 2016 were reviewed data entered in predesigned proforma and analyzed. Results: A total 324 babies were included in the study, of which 89, 123, 77 and 35 babies were born in 37 th , 38 th , 39 th and >40 weeks of gestation. 28 babies had developed respiratory morbidity requiring NICU admission. 17.6% of babies born in 37 th week, 5.6% of 38 th week, 5.1% of 39 th week and 2.8% of babies born >40weeks had developed respiratory illness. Type of morbidity varied from tachypnea (89.2%), grunt (75%), needing CPAP (7%), needing mechanical ventilation (3.5%). Conclusions: This study suggests that respiratory morbidity increases in elective C-sections and as gestation progresses the respiratory morbidity decreases.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome : Things we should know !

therapy relates to changes in lipid metabolism in critically ill patients. There is a reduction in total cholesterol. The mechanism for this remains unclear, but it is possible that hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase is already maximally downregulated, which may attenuate any benefit of additional inhibition by statins. There is strong evidence that statins may be a potentially beneficial pharmacologic treatment in the critically ill. Although the data to date are reassuring, there are still limited safety data on the use of statins in the critically ill. The excellent review by Brealey et al (2) is an important reminder about the potential for adverse effects of statins, including those mediated through decreased ubiquinone levels. It also highlights the need for large clinical trials powered for important clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis and ALI to answer the question of whether statins improve outcomes and are safe in the critically ill. Peter J. McGuigan, MB BcH BAO, FCARCSI Regional Intensive Care Unit Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast Health and Social Care Trust Belfast, United Kingdom Cecilia M. O’Kane, MD, PhD Centre for Infection and Immunity Queen’s University Belfast Belfast, United Kingdom Danny F. McAuley, MD Regional Intensive Care Unit Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, and Centre for Infection and Immunity Queen’s University Belfast Belfast, United Kingdom
Association between Facial Skin Tumors and Wrinkling

Background: There are many risk factors that accentuate wrinkling like age, sex, occupation and smoking. From our clinical observation we noticed that, patient with skin malignancy are less liable to wrinkling. Objectives: To test the assumption whether skin wrinkling is protective against skin cancer or not? Patients & Methods: A case-control study was conducted in Department of Dermatology and Venereology in Baghdad teaching hospital in period from April 2002 through March 2003 on 54 patients with various skin tumors, and 108 patients as a control group, Socio-demographic information and full dermatological examination was done. Facial wrinkles were examined and measured according to wrinkles score in the group. Then we simplify these score into: superficial, (I, II), medium (III, IV) and deep wrinkles (V, VI). Result: The frequency of skin tumors were as follow; basal cell carcinoma (74.07%), squamous cell carcinoma (11.11%), basosquamous cell carcinoma, (5.5%) kerato-acanthoma (5.5%) and solar keratosis (3.7%). The commonest age group affected by skin tumors were from 50-79 years and the commonest skin type in cases and controls were skin type III (P>0.05). All skin tumors were more common in males than females (P>0.05). Outdoor activity was more in patients with tumor, while control group had nearly equal outdoor and indoor activity (P<0.05). Patients with superficial wrinkles more commonly affected with skin tumors than those with deep wrinkles, while comparison group had more medium and deep wrinkles. So whenever there was increase in severity of wrinkle, there was decrease in frequency of malignancy. Conclusion: The present work had confirmed a negative association between wrinkling score and the frequency of skin tumors. Smoking might indirectly protect against basal cell carcinoma.
Validity assessment of flowcharts for syndromic management of vaginal discharge.

Early detection and treatment of RTIs/STIs and promotion of community awareness through behaviour change communication (BCC) are the key issues relating to their prevention. BCC messages should include topics such as safer sex practices and appropriate and timely healthcare-seeking behaviour. In improving RTI case management to date the focus has been on diagnosis and treatment. To achieve high rates of cure drug compliance referral and treatment of partners referral linkages and education of clients are all essential (7). A number of key issues relating to strategies for controlling RTIs/STIs have been identified by the intervention team of the former Operations Research Project (ORP) on prevention and management of RTI/STD through reviewing literature visiting projects in Bangladesh and discussions with the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) and NIPHP partners. The identified issues were shared and discussed formally with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and with all the NIPHP partners in the 3rd Intervention Design Workshop in June 1998 at ICDDRB. “Validity assessment of vaginal discharge-management flowcharts” was one of the operations research issues that was prioritized in this meeting and subsequently endorsed at two meetings of the NIPHP Operations Research Working Group meetings held in August 1998. (excerpt)
Metabolism of Antiretroviral Drugs Used in HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis

Attempts to prevent HIV infection through pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) include topical application of anti-HIV drugs to the mucosal sites of infection; however, a potential role for local drug metabolizing enzymes in modulating the exposure of the mucosal tissues to these drugs has yet to be explored. Here we present the first report that enzymes belonging to the cytochrome P450 (P450) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) families of drug metabolizing enzymes are expressed and active in vaginal and colorectal tissue using biopsies collected from healthy volunteers. In doing so, we discovered that dapivirine and maraviroc, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an entry inhibitor currently in development as microbicides for HIV PrEP, are differentially metabolized in colorectal tissue and vaginal tissue. Taken together, these data should help to guide the optimization of small molecules being developed for HIV PrEP.
Neurocognitive mechanisms supporting the generalization of concepts across languages

The neurocognitive mechanisms that support the generalization of semantic representations across different languages remain to be determined. Current psycholinguistic models propose that semantic representations are likely to overlap across languages, although there is evidence also to the contrary. Neuroimaging studies observed that brain activity patterns associated with the meaning of words may be similar across languages. However, the factors that mediate cross-language generalization of semantic representations are not known. We here identify a key factor: the depth of processing. Human participants were asked to process visual words as they underwent functional MRI. We found that, during shallow processing, multivariate pattern classifiers could decode the word semantic category within each language in putative substrates of the semantic network, but there was no evidence of cross-language generalization in the shallow processing context. By contrast, when the depth of processing was higher, significant cross-language generalization was observed in several regions, including inferior parietal, ventromedial, lateral temporal, and inferior frontal cortex. These results are in keeping with distributed-only views of semantic processing and favour models based on multiple semantic hubs. The results also have ramifications for existing psycholinguistic models of word processing such as the BIA+, which by default assumes non-selective access to both native and second languages.
Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis.

BACKGROUND Cyclophosphamide induction regimens for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis are effective in 70 to 90% of patients, but they are associated with high rates of death and adverse events. Treatment with rituximab has led to remission rates of 80 to 90% among patients with refractory ANCA-associated vasculitis and may be safer than cyclophosphamide regimens. METHODS We compared rituximab with cyclophosphamide as induction therapy in ANCA-associated vasculitis. We randomly assigned, in a 3:1 ratio, 44 patients with newly diagnosed ANCA-associated vasculitis and renal involvement to a standard glucocorticoid regimen plus either rituximab at a dose of 375 mg per square meter of body-surface area per week for 4 weeks, with two intravenous cyclophosphamide pulses (33 patients, the rituximab group), or intravenous cyclophosphamide for 3 to 6 months followed by azathioprine (11 patients, the control group). Primary end points were sustained remission rates at 12 months and severe adverse events. RESULTS The median age was 68 years, and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 18 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area. A total of 25 patients in the rituximab group (76%) and 9 patients in the control group (82%) had a sustained remission (P=0.68). Severe adverse events occurred in 14 patients in the rituximab group (42%) and 4 patients in the control group (36%) (P=0.77). Six of the 33 patients in the rituximab group (18%) and 2 of the 11 patients in the control group (18%) died (P=1.00). The median increase in the GFR between 0 and 12 months was 19 ml per minute in the rituximab group and 15 ml per minute in the control group (P=0.14). CONCLUSIONS A rituximab-based regimen was not superior to standard intravenous cyclophosphamide for severe ANCA-associated vasculitis. Sustained-remission rates were high in both groups, and the rituximab-based regimen was not associated with reductions in early severe adverse events. (Funded by Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust and F. Hoffmann-La Roche; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN28528813.)
The Effect of Group Counseling Based on Cognitive-Behavioral Approach on Pregnancy-Specific Stress and Anxiety

Background: Females encounter various stresses during life. Diﬀerent courses of female’s life, namely menstruation, pregnancy, and childbirth, cause particular physical and mental changes that make them more vulnerable. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the eﬀect of group counseling based on cognitive-behavioral approach on pregnancy-speciﬁc stress and anxiety Methods: This randomized trial recruited 62 qualiﬁed pregnant females during year 2016. The participants were selected through convenience sampling and divided to 2 groups, the intervention and the control group, based on randomized blocks of 4. The con-trolgroupreceivedroutineprenatalcareandaninstructionalpackagefordealingwithstressesduringpregnancy. Theintervention group received counseling for 6 sessions of 90 minutes besides routine prenatal care. Both groups were evaluated at baseline and attheendof thestudyusingpregnancy-speciﬁcstressandanxietyquestionnaire. ThecollecteddatawereanalyzedusingtheSPSS16 software. Results: Based on the results of this study, the 2 groups did not signiﬁcantly diﬀer in terms of age, educational level, occupation, ethnicity, andhousing. Thescoreof stressduringpregnancywasnotsigniﬁcantlydiﬀerentat baselineeither. However, meanscore of stress after the intervention was signiﬁcantly lower in the intervention group than the control group (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Cognitive-behavioral counseling can be used as an optional method for reducing the pregnancy-speciﬁc stress and anxiety, and improving the pregnant female’s mental health.
Improving the Use of Information in Medical Effectiveness Research

There is increased emphasis on improving the quality of health care by obtaining and disseminating information about the effectiveness and outcomes of care and by facilitating more consumer input participation hi decision-making. We examine barriers to information use and the challenges that these barriers pose for effectiveness research. We divide our discussion into four goals of effectiveness research. These are: (1) to provide more information so that consumers, providers and policymakers can make "rational" decisions; (2) to incorporate patient preferences into health care decisions; (3) to develop guidelines that incorporate both individual perspectives and societal perspectives; (4) to use information to improve the practice of health care. We discuss four recommendations for improving the use of information: (1) the evidence on how people actually make decisions should be used to inform the design and implementation of effectiveness research; (2) decision-making should be structured through guidelines and policies; (3) criteria should be developed for determining which guidelines should fully incorporate patient preferences; (4) safeguards should be established to guard against misuse of information.
Toxicity assessment of Linezolid and the beneficial effects of humanerythropoietin in mice

Linezolid (LZD), an antibiotic launched in year 2000, but due to its bone marrow toxicity which results in to thrombocytopenia and red cell anemia, the market size is narrowed. The mechanism of such toxicity is still not very clear, so the present work focused to investigate the possible mechanism of bone marrow toxicity in progenitors of red blood cells and its treatment by using erythropoietin (EPO). Male albino mice administered doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg two times a day with 6 hours of interval, for 19 and 9 days, respectively. And beneficial effects of erythropoietin (EPO) were investigated. The results demonstrated that sensitive parameters of red cell anemia like PCE: NCE ratio and % retics were significantly decreased. Treatment of EPO resulted into stimulation of erythropoiesis in LZD exposed animals. At 100 mg/kg dose, increase in PCE: NCE ratio and % retics in EPO injected animals was significant as compared to stand alone LZD administered animals (p<0.001). There was also significant increase in RBC and HGB in same group due to EPO injection (p<0.05). These results give the evidence that LZD targeted precursor cells CFU-E, BFU-E and Erythroblasts in bone marrow and induced the conditions like red cell anemia. And plays beneficial role and stimulated the erythropoiesis in bone marrow to normalize the condition in mice. Therefore, this short term model can be used to fasten the screening of newer oxazolidinones class of antibiotics for bone marrow toxicity and the beneficial effects of EPO also can be screened.
Prospect of using propolis in conservative dentistry and edodontic treatment

Propolis is a resinous hive product, collected by bees from tree buds and mixed with secreted bee wax in order to avoid bacterial contamination in the hive, and also to seal it. It is acknowledged that propolis has antimicrobial activity as well as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, immuno-regulatory, and regenerative tissue properties. Chemically, propolis is exceedingly complex and contains a rich variety of potent terpene, benzoic, caffeic, cinnamic, aromatic aldehyde, phenolic acid, and also high in flavonoid. Recently, propolis has been the subject of several studies, both in vitro and in vivo or even at animal or human with the aim to elucidate its biological and pharmacological properties. The use of propolis in dentistry has been done in few years ago for various purposes such as in treatment of periodontitis and dental caries, to accelerate the healing of post-extraction wounds, to treat aphthous stomatitis, as a storage media following teeth avulsion. The result of basic research of propolis apparently was useful to support its clinical application in dentistry. However, standardization the composition of propolis due to its chemical diversity is still a problem. Therefore the purposes of this review article were (1) to explain the prospect of propolis in conservative dentistry and endodontic treatment, and (2) to stimulate the interest of clinicians to make further research about this natural compound in dentistry. In conclusion, propolis is a natural medication with a promising future but further studies should be conducted to investigate its merit and demerits in clinical dentistry.
Some Adults Fail the False-Belief Task When the Believer Is a Robot

People's mental models of robots affect their predictions of robot behavior in interactions. The present study highlights some of the uncertainties that enter specifically into people's considerations about the minds and behavior of robots by exploring how people fare in the standard "Sally-Anne" false-belief task from developmental psychology when the protagonist is a robot.
Arts + Health: New Approaches to Arts and Robots in Health Care

We describe the implementation and evaluation of a public interactive robotic art installation in a rehabilitation hospital. The project had two goals; to provide an enjoyable and novel artistic experience for the hospital community, and to better understand how human-centred robotics, particularly a receptive-focused intervention, might promote wellbeing and quality of life for members of hospital communities. By evaluating the experiences of the participants and stakeholders, the value of the installation for participants was assessed. This work contributes relevant insight towards the development of future art installations within the health jurisdiction and more broadly. The data also informs the ongoing discussion concerning the potential role of social and therapeutic robots in health care settings.
"Sorry to Disturb You": Autism and Robot Interruptions

Here, we present a novel experiment on the yet unstudied phenomenon of ASC adults' responses to interruption, using a robot role-play clerical task. Using an IQ, gender, and task parameter matched NT control sample, we found that adults with ASC experience marginally less task disruption from a robot interrupter comparatively to a human. We surmise that robot-assisted therapy for adults with the condition is a potential research avenue worth further exploration.
Effects of Temperature and Water Availability on Northern European Boreal Forests

Boreal forests are warming faster than the rest of the planet. Do the benefits of higher temperatures and longer growing seasons for forest productivity exceed the negative effects of more frequent dry spells and heat waves, shifting precipitation patterns, and higher evaporative demands? And are the effects uniformly distributed geographically? To answer to these questions, the relationship between climatic variables and NDVI—a proxy of forest productivity at regional scale—was explored via Partial Least Square (PLS) regression analyses. We focused on Northern Europe, where contrasting findings on the effects of warming have been reported and that has so far been overlooked by systematic large-scale explorations of the linkages between boreal forest productivity and climatic conditions. The results show that the effects of warmer temperatures on boreal forest productivity are not uniformly positive and that water stress is already negatively affecting these forests. Indeed, increased temperatures appear beneficial in northern and wetter regions, while warmer temperatures mostly reduce forest productivity in southern and drier areas. These results are suggestive of already existing limitations due to water availability and warm temperatures, even in mesic regions like Northern Europe. These conditions are expected to become more frequent and intense in the future, potentially reducing the ability of boreal forests to provide their essential ecosystem services unless forest management practices are adapted to the new conditions.