Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Modeling of Massive Datasets, with Application to Global Mapping of CO 2

This dissertation is comprised of an introductory chapter and three stand-alone chapters, tied together by a unifying theme: the statistical analysis of very large spatial and spatio-temporal datasets. These datasets now arise in many fields, but our focus here is on environmental remote-sensing data. Due to sparseness of daily datasets, there is a need to fill spatial gaps and to borrow strength from adjacent days. Nonetheless, many satellite instruments are capable of conducting on the order of 100,000 retrievals per day, which makes it computationally challenging to apply traditional spatial and spatio-temporal statistical methods, even in supercomputing environments. In addition, the datasets are often observed on the entire globe. For such large domains, spatial stationarity assumptions are typically unrealistic. We address these challenges using dimension-reduction techniques based on a flexible spatial random effects (SRE) model, where dimension reduction is achieved by projecting the process onto a basis-function space of low dimension. The spatio-temporal random effects (STRE) model extends the SRE model to the spatio-temporal case by modeling the temporal evolution, on the reduced space, using a dynamical autoregressive model in time. Another focus of this work is the modeling of fine-scale variation. Such variability is typically not part of the reduced space spanned by the basis functions, and one needs to account for a component of variability at a fine scale. We address this issue throughout the
The e•ects of oil spill and clean-up on dominant US Gulf coast marsh macrophytes: a review

``Capsule'': This review should be useful in guiding future research to improve oil spill response e†ciency. Abstract The objective of this review was to synthesize existing information regarding the e•ects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marsh macrophytes in a manner that will help guide research and improve spill-response e†ciency. Petroleum hydrocarbons a•ect plants chemically and physically. Although plants sometime survive fouling by producing new leaves, even relatively non-toxic oils can stress or kill plants if oil physically prevents plant gas-exchange. Plant sensitivity to fouling varies among species and among populations within a species, age of the plant, and season of spill. Physical disturbance and compaction of vegetation and soil associated with clean-up activities following an oil spill appear to have detrimental e•ects on the US Gulf coast marshes. Other techniques, including the use of chemicals such as cleaners or bioremediation, may be necessary to address the problem. Clean-up may also be bene®cial when timely removal prevents oil from migrating to more sensitive habitats. # 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Sonority Sequencing Principle in Qassimi Arabic: An Optimality Theoretical Framework

The syllable structures in some languages are governed by the Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP), which states that the syllable center constitutes the most sonorous sound and decreases toward both margins (Clements, 1990). In light of this, the current paper investigates how conformity to the SSP is achieved in Qassimi Arabic (QA), which is a dialect spoken in the central region of Saudi Arabia, particularly in the Al-Qassim region. The relationship between QA consonant clusters (CCs) and their conformity to the SSP were analyzed through optimality theory (OT). The results revealed that the interaction of constraints ONSET, SSP, *i] σ, COMPLEX, MAX-IO, and DEP-IO are responsible for the arrangement and combination of segments in structuring the QA syllables. The syllable structure is absolutely governed by the SSP such that when the coda cluster complies with the SSP, the application of vowel epenthesis in coda clusters is blocked, whereas when an SSP violation occurs, a vowel (either [ɪ], [a], or [u]) is consistently epenthesized and enforced in the cluster to satisfy the SSP.
Optimized Criterion Based on the Surface Area to Volume Ratio for Wood Casks Re-Filling Time Calculation During Long-Term Rum Maturation Process

In this work, the behavior of the surface area to volume ratio SV       in five types of standard casks for rum ageing is mathematically modeled in function of the liquid volume. The SV       variation is discussed and compared between the two barrel storing systems in cellars (vertical and horizontal). The ratio is applied as a parameter to obtain an optimized criterion for filling volume and re-filling time of wood casks during the long-term rum maturation process focused on volume loss reduction and barrels preservation. An example of re-filling time calculation and volume loss assessment for rum ageing in a traditional 250 L hogshead barrel is presented and debated.
Deep-sea fan deposits in the Macigno Formation (Middle-Upper Oligocene) of the Gordana Valley, Northern Apennines, Italy

ABSTRACT Facies characteristics are described for a 2300 m thick turbidite succession of the Macigno Formation (middle-upper Oligocene), which crops out as a continuously exposed section in the Gordana Valley (northern Apennines). In the study area the Macigno Formation consists of two sandy members separated by a shaly member. The sandy members contain lithic associations characteristic of submarine fan deposits and form distinct fan complexes. The middle shaly member represents a period of basin starvation. Three main facies associations are recognized in the Macigno fan deposits, fan-fringe, outer-fan lobe, and braided midfan facies associations. The fan-fringe deposits consist of monotonous or small-scale cyclically arranged thin-bedded turbidites. The outer-fan lobe deposits are composed of medium-to very thick-bedded classical turbidites internally organized in thickening-upward cycles with minor intercalations of thin-bedded sandstone beds. Two distinct types of outer-fan lobe deposits, distal and proximal, are recognized on the basis of rock-type, internal organization, and vertical facies relationships. The midfan deposits consist of amalgamated massive sandstone and pebbly sandstone which display repeated thinning-upward cycles. The three main facies associations are superposed t define major thickening and coarsening-upward cycles reflecting distinct episodes of fan progradation. The relationships between the facies associations of the Macigno deposits and the existing models of submarine fan sedimentation are discussed. After the deposition of the fan complexes, fan sedimentation in this part of the basin was replaced by movements of allochthonous units heralded by large olistostromes.
User's perceptions and online education acceptance in the new normal at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Saudi Arabia

Research on Information Technology has demonstrated that IT is an indispensable tool for achieving better and effective education among others, as it provides both educators and learners with easy-to-access information, accelerated learning, and makes people to gain 21st-century technical skills necessary for future occupations etc. however, research on IT is still ongoing, giving room for more contributions. One aspect of IT cutting the attention of researchers in the recent times is online education. It is in-thing in this present era particularly with the current situation of Covid-19 pandemic which brought about some changes in the way education is being conducted in terms of teaching and learning among teachers and students. Although, online education is gaining more popularity day by day, however, its acceptance among different categories of users is a major issue of concerned which has resulted to several divergent views and findings. Unfortunately, majority of the effort is concentrated on one user particularly between the teachers and the students. It is critical to know that both academic staff and students are indispensable when you talk about online education and therefore should be included in any research of this nature for better insight. This deficiency provided the present study the opportunity to investigate the user's perceptions and online education acceptance. Thus, the study investigates user's perceptions and online education acceptance in the new normal at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Saudi Arabia. It adopted a survey research design while the population covered all the lecturers and teachers in Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Saudi Arabia. Of all the copies of questionnaires sent out to the respondents, only 218 returned filled. The returned questionnaires were analysed using STATA version 13 statistical tool. The finding revealed that User's perception is generally a significant predictor of Online Education Acceptance with F(1,214)=94.40, p>0.001;Prob. > F =0.0000. Additionally, it revealed that user's perception also affect Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease-of-Use (PEOU) and Attitudes towards Usage (ATU). The conclusion based on the finding is that user's perception significantly affects how users accept or reject online education among the respondents. The study offered several implications. © 2021 Little Lion Scientific.
E�cacy of Intrathecal Methotrexate in Children With High-risk Medulloblastoma over 3 years: A retrospective study from a single center

Purpose To evaluate the therapeutic bene�ts and side effects (especially leukoencephalopathy) of intrathecal methotrexate (MTX) in children aged over three years old with high-risk medulloblastoma (MB). Patients and Methods In the present retrospective study, patients who received intrathecal MTX during chemotherapy were classi�ed as MTX group, while those receiving cerebrospinal �uid (CSF) cytology analysis only were recruited in control group. Results Among the 46 MB patients, 32 were classi�ed in MTX group, whereas 14 in control group. For those 32 patients in MTX group, 27 (84.38%) had metastatic disease, 3 (9.38%) had diffuse anaplasia, and 3 (9.38%) had residual disease greater than 1.5 cm 2 . Molecular subgroup classi�cation was available in 28 (87.5%) patients. Of those 14 patients in control group, 8 (57.14%) had metastatic disease, 3 (27.27%) had diffuse anaplasia, and 6 (42.86%) had residual disease greater than 1.5 cm 2 . Molecular subgroup classi�cation was available in 6 (42.86%) patients. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 70.99% (95% CI, 58.22%-90.42%) and 5-year overall survival (OS) was 72.99% (95% CI, 60.41%-93.06%) for MTX group, while those were 41.67% (95% CI, 17.93%-66.92%) and 50% (95% CI, 27.88%-77.14%) for control group, separately. Among the 32 patients in MTX group, 6 (18.75%) with group 4 disease developed MTX-related acute leukoencephalopathy and one of them died. Conclusions Intrathecal MTX improves the 5-year PFS and OS for children with high-risk MB. However, intrathecal MTX is not recommended for patients with group 4 MB due to the high risk of acute leukoencephalopathy.
Polymorphic markers for identi�cation of parasite population in Plasmodium malariae

Background Molecular genotyping in Plasmodium serves many aims including providing tools for studying parasite population genetics and distinguishing recrudescence from reinfection. Microsatellite typing, insertion-deletion (INDEL) and single nucleotide polymorphisms is used for genotyping, but only limited information is available for Plasmodium malariae, an important human malaria species. This study aimed to provide a set of genetic markers to facilitate the study of P. malariae population genetics. Methods Markers for microsatellite genotyping and pmmsp1 gene polymorphisms were developed and validated in symptomatic P. malariae �eld isolates from Myanmar (N=37). Fragment analysis was used to determine allele sizes at each locus to calculate multiplicity of infections (MOI), linkage disequilibrium, genetic richness index, heterozygosity and construct dendrograms. Nucleotide diversity (π), number of haplotypes, and genetic diversity (Hd) were assessed and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. Genome-wide microsatellite maps with annotated regions of newly identi�ed markers were constructed.
WASHINGTONIA ◊ FILIBUSTA (ARECACEAE: CORYPHOIDEAE), A NEW HYBRID FROM CULTIVATION

Washingtonia ◊ filibusta , a hybrid between W. filifera H. Wendl. and W. robusta H. Wendl. , is named and described from a cultivated plant in Indio, Calif ornia. Washingtonia filifera (California fan palm) and W. robusta (Mexican fan palm) have long been cultivated and are especially common landscape subjects in California, western Arizona, and so uthern Nevada as well as other regions with a suitable climate. They frequently grow side-by-side in landscape settings, providing ample opportunity for hybridization. Hybrid plants are intermedia te between the parents and for the past 30 years have become common subjects in the nursery and landscape trade, where they are recognized for their different appearance and cultivation requireme nts.
silico cross-validation of potential polymorphic loci

28 In the study of genetic diversity in non-model species there is a notable lack of the low-cost, high 29 resolution tools that are readily available for model organisms. Genotyping microarray 30 technology for model organisms is well-developed, affordable, and potentially adaptable for 31 cross-species hybridization. The Mouse Diversity Genotyping Array (MDGA), a single 32 nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping tool designed for Mus musculus , was tested as a tool 33 to survey genomic diversity of wild species for inter-order, inter-genus, and intra-genus 34 comparisons. Application of the MDGA cross-species provides genetic distance information that 35 reflects known taxonomic relationships reported previously between non-model species, but 36 there is an underestimation of genetic diversity for non-Mus samples, indicated by a plateau in 37 loci genotyped beginning 10-15 millions of years divergence from the house mouse. The number 38 and types of samples included in datasets genotyped together must be considered in cross-species 39 hybridization studies. The number of loci with heterozygous genotypes mapped to published 40 genome sequences indicates potential for cross-species MDGA utility. A case study of seven 41 deer mice yielded 159,797 loci (32% of loci queried by the MDGA) that were genotyped in these 42 rodents. For one species, Peromyscus maniculatus , 6,075 potential polymorphic loci were 43 identified. Cross-species utility of the MDGA provides needed genetic information for non-44 model species that are lacking genomic resources. Genotyping arrays are widely available, 45 developed tools that are capable of capturing large amounts of genetic information in a single 46 application, and represent a unique opportunity to identify genomic variation in closely related 47 species that currently have a paucity of genomic information available. A candidate list of 48 MDGA loci that can be utilized in cross-species hybridization studies was identified and may 49
Influences of Sea Surface Temperature and Ground Wetness on Asian Summer Monsoon

Abstract The authors have conducted a series of experiments with a general circulation model to understand the influences of sea surface temperature (SST) and ground wetness (GW) (measured by snow amount and soil moisture content) on the Asian summer monsoon. The experiments are designed to illustrate the dominant features of monsoon response to SST and GW forcings and to delineate the relative importance of each forcing function in contributing to the variability of the monsoon. Results indicate that ocean basin-scale SST anomalies exert a stronger control on the interannual variability of the monsoon compared to GW anomalies. The impact of SST anomalies on the monsoon appears nonlinear with respect to warm and cold events. The monsoon is weakened during the warm events but changes less noticeably during the cold events. The diminution of monsoon circulation associated with the warm SST anomalies is accompanied by a broad-scale reduction in water vapor convergence and monsoon rainfall. Results also indic.
A STUDY OF TRANSFUSION RELATED ADVERSE EVENTS AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN SOUTHERN INDIA

Background: Blood transfusion plays an important role in improving the health and saves lives. However, it is also inherently embedded with adverse reactions ranging in severity from minor to life-threatening. An identification of Adverse Transfusion Reactions (ATRs) will help to take appropriate steps to reduce their incidence and make blood transfusion safe. This study was aimed to assess the frequency and type of ATR s in blood recipients. Materials and Methods: During the period of 36 months (January 2020 to December 2022) all the adverse events related to transfusion of blood and blood products admitted in our hospital were recorded. They were analyzed and classified using standard definitions, based on their clinical features and laboratory tests. The present prospective study was conducted in the department of transfusion medicine, ACSR Government medical college Nellore. Result: During the study period, a total of 2898 whole blood and blood components were issued from our blood bank to 2890 patients. Among them 14 (0.48%) adverse reactions were noted. The most common type of reaction observed was allergic (n = 9; 64.2%), followed by Febrile Non Haemolytic Transfusion Reactions (FNHTRs) (n=3, 21.04%), Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO) (n = 1, 7.2%), and Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) (n = 1, 7.2%). The ATRs were seen mostly with Whole Blood (64.2%). Conclusion: The frequency of transfusion reactions in our study was found to be 0.48%. This could be an underestimation of the true incidence because of under reporting as well as due to the management of few cases by the treating clinician itself. Rational use of blood, improving storage conditions, bedside monitoring of transfusion and documentation of adverse events will help in improving transfusion safety.
CREDIT CARD FRAUD DETECTION USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHM

Credit card fraud is a serious issue in the financial services industry. Billions of dollars are lost each year due to credit card fraud. Credit cards have become one of the fastest growing financial services by banks in recent years. However, with the increasing number of credit card users, banks face an increasing rate of credit card defaults. Credit card fraud is related to the use of prohibited credit card materials for acquisition. The aim of this research is to analyze and compare the usage of three types of machine learning algorithms consisting of Neural Network (NN), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), and Random Forest (RF) to analyze and predict credit card fraud security. The credit card transaction dataset was sourced from European cardholders and contained 284,807 transactions. The results of the analysis state that the Neural Network Algorithm has the highest prediction capability (99.80%) and precision rate (100%) compared to the other two machine learning algorithms.
VU Research Portal Integrating Evidence on the Determinants of Productivity

There is mounting theoretical and empirical evidence on determinants of productivity growth. However, the empirical findings provide policy makers with limited guidance to determine which of the correlates truly matter in determining growth rates and productivity levels. This paper reviews and characterizes the different empirical approaches that exist to date and proposes an analytical scheme that helps to study productivity growth in a more integrated framework. Within this framework, existing results from the empirical literature can be evaluated and new directions for future work can be identified.
Regional recrystallization and the formation of magnetite concentrations, Dover magnetite district, New Jersey

Adjacent to magnetite concentrations, recrystallization of amphibolites to hornblende skarns involved enrichment of ferromagnesian silicates in Mg, release of Fe to form magnetite, and conversion of calcic plagioclase to sodic. Recrystallization controlled by pressure gradients toward shear zones is believed to have caused release of fluids that transported Ca, Al, Fe, Mn, Ti, Ba, Sr, V, Cr, and Zn out of the system. The same elements were probably removed from granitic gneisses, forming alaskites. Hornblende granite formed where these fluids were added.
Waning of antibody levels induced by a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, using a 3 + 0 schedule, within the first year of life among children younger than 5 years in Blantyre, Malawi: an observational, population-level, serosurveillance study

Background Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) induce serotype-specific IgG antibodies, effectively reducing vaccine-serotype carriage and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). IgG production wanes approximately 1 month after vaccination in absence of serotype-specific exposure. With uncertainty surrrounding
The Prevalence of Child - Hawkers in Motor Parks in Ibadan Municipality: An Overview

The rampart incidence of child abuse manifesting itself inform of street hawking has been an issue of growing con- cern. It has risen to constitute a social menace in various countries of the world with Nigeria situation being spectacular. The study sought to explain the socio-economic determinants of street hawking among children, focusing on Ojoo, Molete and Iwo Road motor parks in Ibadan Municipality. Interview method of generating data was adopted with samples selected on the basis of accidental sampling technique. Major socio-economic factors were examined as possible determinants of street hawking. It was however discovered that the down turn in the economic fortunes of the country has devastated the budget of some Nigerian families. And amidst such financial austerity, some Nigerian parents and guardians abuse their wards through street hawking as a measure of supplementing the family income.
ENHANCING DOCUMENT REPRESENTATIONS WITH SYNONYMS GRAPH NODE EMBEDDINGS

Document representations are a key element in solving natural language processing problems, including document classification, clustering, and topic modelling. Modern deep learning-based techniques are able to build such representations with great success. However, they require a lot of data to do so, thus are not applicable in the low-resource setting. Recently, low-resource NLP methods focused on transfer learning approaches which assume the existence of pretrained models, as well as data augmentation approaches which expand available datasets. Our key idea is to use a synonyms dictionary as a transfer learning tool instead of a source for token-level document augmentation. Consequently, the objective of this study is to investigate the improvement of existing document embedding methods in a low-resource setting by the incorporation of synonym dictionary information. Our main research contributions are the demonstration of the effectiveness of synonym node embeddings as a transfer learning method for building document representations and the proposal of a method for enhancing document representations by mixing them with an average of node vectors of words from a synonyms graph of the low-resource language. The experiments show a 2% F-score improvement for Kyiv City petitions topic classification in Ukrainian. The analysis and optimal hyperparameters for training a Node2Vec graph embeddings model as well as the weighted sum fusion of baseline and synonym embeddings are provided. Future work can explore the impact of other node embedding methods or the application of other linguistic dictionaries in a similar fashion.