Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epistatic Interactions in Yield Traits and Fruit and Shoot Borer Resistance ( Earias Vittella Fab.) In Okra (Abelmoschus spp.)

The gene effects for fruit yield, shoot and fruit borer resistance and its component traits in okra were studied in crosses viz., Sel2 x AC 5 and KL9 x Salkeerthy. The character means of six generations were subjected to scaling test. In the presence of epistasis, six parameter model was employed to detect the gene effects. The analysis revealed the presence of duplicate non allelic interactions for most of the traits studied. Complementary epistasis govern the inheritance of fruit borer resistance in the cross Sel 2 x AC 5. These traits can be improved through bi parental mating system or recurrent parent selection. Digenic non-allelic interaction model was found inadequate to explain shoot borer infestation and it may be due to involvement of more than two genes and their interactions. The F1 of the cross Sel 2 x AC 5 was identified as the best hybrid for both marketable fruit yield and resistance to fruit and shoot borer and it also showed field resistance to Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus.
Influence of Application Variables on the Foliar Efficacy of Saflufenacil on Horseweed (Conyza canadensis)

Abstract Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the influence of spray-solution pH, adjuvant, light intensity, temperature, and glyphosate on the efficacy of saflufenacil on horseweed. Control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed from saflufenacil alone was greatest with a spray-solution pH of 5, compared with pH 7 or 9. However, when glyphosate was added to saflufenacil, similar GR50 values were measured with spray solutions adjusted to pH 5 and 9, and horseweed control at pH 9 was 38% greater than at pH 7. The efficacy of saflufenacil on horseweed was 36% greater when crop oil concentrate was used as an adjuvant compared with nonionic surfactant, regardless of the addition of glyphosate or the sensitivity of the horseweed population to glyphosate (resistant vs. susceptible). The addition of glyphosate to low rates of saflufenacil increased control over saflufenacil applied alone on glyphosate-susceptible and -resistant horseweed. Saflufenacil activity was greater under low light intensity (300 &mgr;mol m−2 s−1) than high light intensity (1,000 &mgr;mol m−2 s−1). Although initial horseweed control was greater under high temperature (27 C) compared with low temperature (10 C), by 21 d after treatment horseweed dry weight was similar from saflufenacil applied under high and low temperatures. Nomenclature: Glyphosate, saflufenacil, horseweed, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.
Effect of fungicides, microbial antagonists and oilcakes in the control of Fusarium solani, the cause of seed rot, seedling and root infection of bottle gourd, bitter gourd and cucumber.

The effect of fungicides, microbial antagonists and oilcakes in the control of Fusarium solani the cause of seed rot, seedling and root infection on bottle gourd, bitter gourd and cucumber was studied In vitro and In vivo. Complete inhibition of colony growth of F. solani was observed where fungicides viz., Aliette, Benlate and Carbendazim @ 100 ppm were used. Carbendazim completely eradicated seed borne infection of F. solani in bitter gourd and gave maximum reduction in cucumber and bottle gourd. Root infection was completely checked by Benlate and Carbendazim in bitter gourd and was best controlled by Aliette, Topsin-M and Carbendazim in bottle gourd and cucumber. F. solani infested seeds of bottle gourd, cucumber and bitter gourd reduced seedling mortality and root infection when sown in mustard and neem cake amended soil. Mustard cake was found most effective at all ratios followed by neem and castor cake.
Survival and Growth of Tilapia zillii and Oreochromis urolepis urolepis (Order Perciformes; Family Cichlidae) in Seawater

The potential for Tilapia zillii and Oreochromis urolepis urolepis culture in seawater was evaluated by determining their survival and growth in seawater at 35‰. Fingerlings were collected from Pangani River using seine nets and reared in 1 m 3 concrete ponds after acclimatization from salinity of 2‰ to 35‰. Fingerlings were also reared in freshwater as controls. Fingerlings were fed twice daily using commercial fish feeds (White Rose floating pellets), initially at a rate of 5% of their total body weight (TBW) and 10% of their TBW after two weeks. Their growth rate (length and weight) was recorded weekly except controls for handling, their growth being recorded at the beginning and end of the experiment. The average weight gain (g.week -1 ), percentage weights gain (week -1 ) and specific growth rate (SGR, %.day -1 ) were determined in freshwater and seawater. There was no significance difference (p >0.05) in the SGR between the two species in seawater. The survival rates of O. urolepis urolepis were 100% in freshwater and seawater and 89% and 96% respectively for T. zillii. This study showed that T. zillii and O. urolepis urolepis can survive and grow in seawater but the former is a better candidate for mariculture.
PHYTOSOCIOLOGY AND PHYTOGEOGRAPHY OF THE CALCAREOUS GRASSLANDS ON DEVONIAN LIMESTONE IN SOUTHWEST BELGIUM

In Belgium, most calcareous grassland relics are associated with Devonian limestone substrates in the Viroin valley, which is part of the Calestienne region. Previously grazed by sheep, these grasslands are characterised by an extremely high species richness and many rare plant species. Despite their high biodiversity, a detailed phytosociological classifi- cation and an ecological description of the relics of these grasslands do not exist. In spring and summer of 2003, the calcareous grassland vegetation on Devonian limesto- ne hills in the Viroin valley was inventoried. A total of 401 vegetation releves were established in 1 m 2 plots. Based on classification and ordination techniques seven vegetation types were distinguished. The main differences in species composition were explained by a gradient from xerophilous towards mesophilous environmental characteristics. The particular phytosociolo- gical and phytogeographical position of the calcareous grasslands in the Viroin valley is fur- ther discussed in a European context. Mesophilous calcareous grasslands in the Calestienne belong to the Mesobromion and show an intermediate position between the central European and the Atlantic calcareous grassland communities. The xerophilous calcareous grassland com- munities on the other hand show strong affinities with the calcareous vegetation of central Europe and southern Europe.
Improved FBG-Based Shape Sensing Methods for Vascular Catheterization Treatment

Fiber optic shape sensing is gaining popularity within areas such as medical catheterization where catheters and guidewires are used to navigate through tortuous vascular paths. Shape sensing can aid medical interventionalists by reducing exposure to damaging radiation and providing a more detailed real-time understanding of the 3-dimensional shape of the catheter/guidewire. However, despite the technology existing for several years, there is still room for improvement and steps to follow to reach the accuracy and robustness needed for these safety-critical applications. This letter discusses and provides methods for fiber integration within catheters to improve shape estimation accuracy and repeatability. A two-step calibration process is introduced for intrinsic twist compensation, which results in significant improvements in estimation accuracy. Additionally, a practical method for fiber parameter identification is introduced. The importance of estimating these parameters was found to be paramount for reaching adequate shape estimation. Further improvements to the reconstruction algorithm are proposed. Experimental validations with ground truth shapes are performed to assess the overall accuracy for static and dynamic configurations. For complex geometrical shapes and a fiber length of 170 mm, experiments show a mean spatial error of 0.70 mm (0.41<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula>), a maximum of 2.52 mm (1.48<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula>), and repeatability of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.82 mm.
Características das carcaças e carne de tourinhos Nelore alimentados com níveis de concentrado e farelo do mesocarpo de babaçu

Carcass characteristics and meat of young bulls fed different levels of concentrate and babassu mesocarp bran in the diet were evaluated. A total of 28 Nellore young bulls, initial age of 21 months and 356.66±19.25kg of initial body weight were randomized in diets containing two levels of concentrate (65% and 71) associated or not to the inclusion of 35% of babassu mesocarp bran in the concentrate. The elevation of the concentrate fraction of the diet from 65 to 71%, and the inclusion of 35% of babassu mesocarp bran in the concentrate did not alter the amount of muscle, fat and bone of the carcass, with average values of 63.91, 19.46 and 16.63% of cold carcass weight, respectively. The yields of retail cuts from the pistol cut were not altered by the concentrate level of the diet or by the inclusion of 35% babassu mesocarp bran in the concentrate. The shear force of muscle fibers and the losses of liquid during thawing and cooking were not altered by the factors studied, with average values of 6.57kgf/cm3, 16.06% and 22.20%, respectively. Marbling increased (5.78 to 9.79 points) to advance the level of concentrate in the diet, but was not altered by the inclusion of babassu mesocarp bran. Babassu mesocarp bran has nutritional characteristics that allow partial replacement of corn in diets with high concentrate, not changing physical carcass composition and meat quality of confined young Nellore bulls.
INTRASPECIFIC INTERACTIONS ASEMONEA TENUIPES, A LYSSOMANINE JUMPING SPIDER (ARANEAE: SALTICIDAE) FROM SINGAPORE

The display and courtship behaviour of a Singapore population of Asemonea tenuipes (O. P. -Cambridge, 1869) was studied. This is an iridescent lyssomanine jumping spider and the present study is the fi rst to be carried out on this species under a full-spectrum light. A previous study was carried out on a population of this same species from Sri Lanka, but under light conditions lacking of UV. Findings from the present and the earlier study are, on the whole similar, but there are also some differences that may represent interpopulation variation or may be a consequence of the different lighting conditions. A. tenuipes is most often found on the underside of leaves in mangroves. Colours are sexually dimorphic. Males have bluish-purple iridescence and orange colour on the dorsal abdomen, while females are generally a pale whitish-green. Twenty-fi ve major displays are described. While the intraspecifi c display repertoire of Singapore A. tenuipes was similar to the Sri Lanka population, the context (male-female, male-male and female-female interactions) in which certain displays were performed differed between the two populations. In addition, although zigzag dancing was not observed in the Sri Lankan population, a variation of this display was observed in the Singapore A. tenuipes. Rotated posturing is an aberrant display, observed in A. tenuipes but not other salticid species. Whether this display might function to advertise honestly male quality is discussed. One of the most interesting fi ndings is that males of the Singapore A. tenuipes males often perform prolonged display posturing even when their anterior-median eyes are not aligned with the female. The anterior-median eyes of salticids are the part of the visual system responsible for seeing detail based on high spatial acuity. That A. tenuipes males display in the absence of detail from these eyes suggests that there is unusually strong reliance on chemical cues by this species during courtship.
Spirituality and anti-Western rhetoric in Uzbekistan in the early 2000s: the consequences of international misrecognition

ABSTRACT References to the spirituality-morality (ma’naviyat) of the Uzbek people increased substantially throughout the course of Islam Karimov’s years in office as the President of Uzbekistan. Uzbek values were presented as qualities springing from the country’s supposedly unique civilizational heritage, cast as something distinct from “Western” civilizational norms and practice. This source of distinctiveness, however, soon gave way to a type of exclusionary discourse in the early 2000s, centered on clearly differentiating Uzbekistan from the “West. ” This essay provides a lens through which to understand the phenomenon, arguing that international recognition of status partly accounts for the rise in the particularly anti-Western variant of Karimov’s rhetoric. Authorities in Uzbekistan, not unlike in Russia, built their foreign policy on the need to secure the country’s (allegedly) important status in the international arena; anti-Western rhetoric arose as a response to misrecognition, as it evaded appeals to equality of status and legitimized growing isolationism. The essay reviews the origins of that rhetoric, the meaning of recognition, and the backdrop against which anti-Western moralizing rhetoric arose in Uzbekistan’s international engagement. It also concludes with a brief assessment of how that rhetoric might affect (or not) the foreign policy of Uzbekistan’s new president, Shavkat Mirziyoyev.
Histopathology of marine and freshwater fish lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV)

Lymphocystis disease (LCD) in fishes is caused by the agent called lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV). LCDV is a chronic and benign virus. The disease affects 96 species of marine and fresh water fishes ranged among 34 families in the world. Affected fish with LCD has a typical external symptom with clusters consisted of enormously hypertrophied dermal cells on the skin and fins. The hypertrophied cells, generally named lymphocystis cells, have a thick hyaline capsule, an enlarged nucleus and prominent basophilic cytoplasmic inclusions. Among the four species of fishes, olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, and rockfish Sebastes schlegeli were marine cultured fish, and gourami Trichogaster leeri and painted glassfish Channa baculis were freshwater ornamental fish. Although LCD causes low mortality, the disfigurement of infected fish can make them unsellable. Thus LCD has resulted in an important economic loss in the aquaculture industry. This study of histopathology may be adequate for a presumptive diagnosis of lymphocystis diseases both in marine and freshwater fish species.
COLONIZATION AND LOCAL ADAPTATION OF SOCKEYE SALMON ( ONCORHYNCHUS NERKA ) OF LAKE CLARK, ALASKA

Ramstad, Kristina M. , Ph.D., May 2006 Organismal Biology and Ecology Colonization and Local Adaptation of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) of Lake Clark, Alaska Chair: Fred W. Allendorf Adaptive divergence is expected among sockeye salmon (Oncorhychus nerka) populations because they spawn in diverse habitats and experience spatially and temporally restricted gene flow. Genetic bottleneck effects are also expected among sockeye salmon populations because they are a highly structured species with excellent colonizing abilities. To test if phenotypic divergence among sockeye salmon populations is due to local adaptation or genetic drift, I compared neutral genetic and heritable phenotypic variation in spawning populations of sockeye salmon throughout the Lake Clark area of Alaska. I assessed nuclear (microsatellites and allozymes) and mitochondrial DNA variation of 15 sockeye salmon populations. Reduced allelic and haplotypic diversity and strong divergence of Lake Clark populations relative to Six-mile and Iliamna Lake populations suggest a bottleneck associated with the colonization of Lake Clark by sockeye salmon between 100 and 400 generations ago. The Sucker Bay Lake population had an exceptionally severe reduction in allelic diversity at microsatellite loci but not mtDNA, suggesting this population has experienced consistently smaller effective population size than other Lake Clark populations. Geographic distance and spawning habitat apparently do not contribute to neutral genetic divergence among populations. However, temporal isolation based on spawning time and founder effects associated with ongoing glacial retreat contribute to the genetic population structure of Lake Clark sockeye salmon. Significant phenotypic divergence among spawning populations was associated with spawning habitat differences, but not neutral genetic divergence among populations. For example, female body color was lighter and egg color darker in glacial than non-glacial habitats due possibly to reduced selection for red spawning color in glacial habitats and an apparent trade-off between body and egg color in females. Mean P St (phenotypic divergence among populations) exceeded neutral FST for most phenotypic traits indicating that phenotypic differences among populations could not be explained by genetic drift alone. Plasticity is an unlikely source of phenotypic differences because Lake Clark sockeye salmon spend nearly all their lives in a common environment. These data suggest that Lake Clark sockeye salmon populations are adapted to spawning in beach, tributary, and glacial habitats and provide the first evidence of a glacial spawning phenotype among sockeye salmon.
A new species of lugworm: Arenicola defodiens sp. nov.

A new species of lugworm Arenicola defodiens sp. nov. (common name ‘black lug’ or ‘runnydown’) is described from 148 specimens taken from intertidal sands around South Wales. Comparisons are made with the well-known and generally more common lugworm Arenicola marina (L.). To aid in diagnosis, a table illustrating differences in the genetics, ecology and morphology is also provided.
A method for measuring ionizing radiation dose by analyzing hybrid-π parameters of transistors

Transistors have been used as a detector for ionizing radiation dose monitoring, even if such a device was not manufactured for such purpose. For more than 40 years, MOSFET has been used as a dosimeter in radiotherapy beams. The bipolar junction transistor (BJT) can also be used as a dosimeter in ionizing radiation beams, however the method for measuring the radiation dose is different from MOSFET. In any case, the physical quantity measured when using a transistor as a dosimeter always correlates with a variation of electric current or voltage. The purpose of this paper is to present a method for measuring the ionizing radiation dose by a process of measuring the variation of transistor hybrid-π parameters. To present the method we used two types of transistors, MOSFET and BJT, and also the two types of polarity: N and P-channel for MOSFET; NPN and PNP type for BJT. In both transistors there are hybridπ parameters that the radiation beam does not significantly disturb its value. However, It has been observed in the results that there is at least one parameter of the transistor hybrid-π model that is changed by the exposure of the device to the ionizing radiation beam.
Cytogenetic study of the giant otter Pteronura brasiliensis Zimmermann 1780 (Carnivora, Mustelidae, Lutrinae)

The giant otter, Pteronura brasiliensis Zimmermann 1780 (Carnivora, Mustelidae, Lutrinae), was widely distributed in South America but stable populations are now only found in the Pantanal and Amazon regions and the species is classified as endangered. There is only one recognized species of giant otter, although two subspecies of doubtful value have also been cited in the literature. We present the first karyotype of four captive P. brasiliensis specimens, all of which posses 2n = 38 chromosomes as 14M+8SM+6ST+8A and one pair of sexual chromosomes. An heteromorphic secondary constriction, associated with the nucleolar organizer region (NOR), was seen on the long arms of chromosome pair 17. The C-banding technique revealed heterochromatin in the centromeric region of all the chromosomes and the NOR was C-banding positive. The giant otter presented the same diploid number as most mustelids, although its karyotype is quite species-specific.
Effects of Temperature on Fecundity and Longevity of Phoracantha recurva and P. semipunctata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Abstract The cerambycid beetles Phoracantha recurva Newman and Phoracantha semipunctata F. were accidentally introduced into southern California where they have caused significant mortality to eucalyptus trees. In recent years, P. recurva populations have increased rapidly with a concomitant decrease in P. semipunctata numbers in their shared habitat in southern California. P. recurva has been collected in field surveys earlier in the season, suggesting that this species may be active over a broader range of temperatures and consequently have a longer seasonal activity period. We conducted lifetime fecundity studies to examine egg production, egg hatch, and adult longevity of beetles of both species subjected to temperatures typical of late fall and late winter/early spring in southern California. Overall, there were no differences in lifetime fecundity between P. recurva and P. semipunctata. P. recurva did not seem to reproduce over a larger range of temperatures than P. semipunctata, and there did not seem to be any substantial differences in their reproductive biologies. P. recurva eclosed slightly faster and lived slightly longer at reproductive temperatures than P. semipunctata, suggesting that P. recurva may have a slight reproductive advantage over P. semipunctata. However, it seems unlikely that such an advantage can account for the rapid increase in P. recurva populations and the simultaneous decrease in P. semipunctata populations in southern California.
Sapwood–heartwood proportion related to tree diameter, age, and growth rate in Piceaabies

The relationships of sapwood radial width and transverse area to tree diameter, age, and growth rate were investigated in Piceaabies (L.) Karst. A total of 125 trees growing with (suppressed trees) and without (dominant trees) competition for light were sampled. Both sapwood and heartwood amounts showed an increase with diameter at the stem base, with the heartwood portion increasing more rapidly. In young trees sapwood prevails both in terms of diameter and transverse area. After trees have reached a certain age, the width of the sapwood band remains more or less constant (on average 7.8 cm for dominant and 2.0 cm for suppressed trees), and the heartwood amount exceeds that of sapwood. The percentage of heartwood in suppressed trees is substantially greater than in dominant trees of the same age. Sapwood amount is closely correlated with the tree diameter, but not with age. Tree age controls the number of rings in sapwood, while the sapwood width depends on the tree's radial growth rate as well.