Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of Improved Sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas L.) Varieties in Makurdi, Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria

Aim: To investigate the performance of some improved sweet potato varieties obtained from the National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI), Umudike, Nigeria, for root yield and other yield components. Study Design: Field experiment. Place and Duration of Study: Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi in Benue State, located in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria from June-November of 2010 and 2011. Materials and Methods: The treatments comprised of eleven sweet potato varieties [CIP 440141, K134, NASPOT4, NASPOT2, SPK004, TIS87/0087(check), CIP440037, 1900411, NARSP/05/007C, CIP440293 (orange skin and flesh) and NARSP/05/022 (orange flesh)] set out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Ten farmers were used for the preference test of the varieties. Results: Some vegetative growth parameters evaluated in the study (number of branches/plant, internodes length, number of leaves per plant and vine length) increased at different rates between 4 - 16 weeks after planting. Root diameter and length, number of
Immigrant Niches and the Intrametropolitan Spatial Division of Labour

Immigrants often bunch together in particular lines of work, which many scholars call employment niching. They also may cluster geographically; these districts can be neighbourhoods where workers reside or places of work (industrial quarters where labour is performed). The intrametropolitan spatial division of labour is perhaps best conceived as the relationships among employment concentrations in industrial niches and places of work shaped in large measure by the geographies of residence. The analysis of six immigrant groups reported in this paper models the effect of residential concentration on the chances that an immigrant holds a job in a particular line of work, labours in a particular work place, or does both—works in a particular job and work place. The study, which uses Greater Los Angeles' census tracts for the analysis, reveals that residential patterns help to govern the extent of this industrial segmentation and employment geography but that this relationship is not consistent across immigrant groups. The investigation adds to the literature on labour market segmentation by ethnicity, gender, nativity and home–work relations and offers new perspectives on the relationship between spaces of production and social reproduction in metropolitan places.
Morphodynamics of a 1000‐year flood in the Kamp River, Austria, and impacts on floodplain morphology

This paper investigates the impact of a 1000‐year flood in August 2002 on floodplains and valley morphology of an Austrian mixed alluvial bed rock river. Discharges with a recurrence interval between 500 and 2000 years caused distinctive overbank scouring and material deposition in the floodplains. After the 1000‐year flood, those morphologically affected areas were at random intervals documented over the whole longitudinal profile. In addition to overbank erosion in curved sections (cut‐offs), the river bed locally widened, floodplain stripping occurred and local overbank scours were documented along straight parts of the river. A hydrodynamic‐numerical model, combined with field measurements, was used to analyse the cause of these erosional landforms. Based on the modelled hydraulic conditions for a one‐year flood (30–78 m3 s–1) and the catastrophic 2002 event (700–800 m3 s–1), the numerical results allowed a cause‐effect study with 19 parameters. Deterministic and statistical analysis (ANOVA, discriminant analysis) showed that the morphodynamic effects of the 2002 flood were influenced by the variability of valley morphology of the Kamp River, which led partially to supercritical flow during flood constriction. These processes were in some cases also anthropogenically influenced. Lateral constriction and expansion of the valley geometry over short distances led to scouring and aggradation within the inundated areas during the event. These morphological features were therefore responsible for the elongated scour holes in the floodplains. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Winton Formation flora (Albian–Cenomanian, Eromanga Basin): implications for vascular plant diversification and decline in the Australian Cretaceous

The youngest Australian equisetaleans and bennettitaleans are identified within the latest Albian to early Cenomanian Winton Formation flora based on new impression fossils from the Winton district, Eromanga Basin, western Queensland. Typical Winton Formation floras are also confirmed near Isisford and Morney Plains in eastern and central Eromanga Basin. The Winton Formation flora contains over 50 macrofossil plant taxa and marks the transition from seed-fern/conifer to angiosperm dominance in the Australian floristic succession. The pattern of clade representation in Australian late Mesozoic fossil assemblages suggests a causal link between angiosperm diversification and the decline of key understorey and mid-storey plants, particularly equisetaleans, seed-ferns, ginkgophytes and some fern families, through the mid-Cretaceous.
Climatic response to changes in vegetation in the Northwest Hetao Plain as simulated by the WRF model

Considering the ‘Green Great Wall’ project and future climate change, the vegetation in the Northwest Hetao Plain (NWHP) of China is expected to undergo considerable changes. In this study, the climatic response to prescribed changes in vegetation is investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. When the vegetation is changed from ‘bare or sparsely vegetated’ category to ‘grassland’ in the NWHP, the climate shows both local and remote responses. Locally, the temperature increases in the winter but decreases in the summer. The precipitation level increases substantially in the summer while increases slightly in the winter, which is mainly caused by the increase in the amount of water‐vapour and circulation adjustment. Additionally, atmospheric circulation anomalies also lead to remote circulation responses, including a decrease in precipitation over Central North China and an increase in precipitation over Central and South China. The results of this study bring to light the local and remote climatic responses to changes in vegetation in the NWHP using a state‐of‐the‐art regional climate model. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
The Influence of Professionalism and Organizational Commitment on Nurse Performance Kertosono Regional Hospital

Nurse performance is a strategic issue due to its significant impact on healthcare and hospital service quality. It is crucial to maintain and enhance nurse’s performances. This research aims to identify professionalism, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction as several factors that directly or indirectly influence nurses' performance at RSD Kertosono. The research design is cross-sectional, using Likert scale questionnaires and secondary data for assessing nurse performance. The sample size was determined using the Slovin formula, resulting in the collection of 140 samples out of a population of 195 nurses. The collected data were analyzed using smartPLS 3.3, and hypothesis testing was conducted in two stages: inner model and outer model testing. The outer model testing was performed to assess the validity and reliability of indicators for each variable, while inner model testing was used to examine the established hypotheses. The study found that job satisfaction, organizational commitment, professionalism, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and professionalism all have a direct positive impact on nurse performance. Organizational commitment positively affects job satisfaction, while professionalism positively influences job satisfaction. Overall, these findings suggest that job satisfaction and organizational commitment are crucial factors in enhancing nurse performance.
URBAN: Development of a Citizen Science Biomonitoring Program Based in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Due to increasing urbanization, wetlands and streams within city limits are being altered, filled in, and degraded. The habitat that remains is critical for providing urban areas with ecosystem services and maintaining biodiversity, yet is often insufficiently monitored by environmental agencies due to a lack of resources. To help fill this void, the Urban-Rural Biomonitoring and Assessment Network (URBAN) was developed as a citizen science education and outreach program for Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Through this program, volunteers gain insight into the dynamics of biological systems, learn how to identify species, and may experience growth personally in terms of environmental stewardship or even career path decisions. The implementation and development of URBAN followed a nine-step model developed by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Here, we offer an overview of URBAN's development, successes, and challenges by utilizing this citizen science model as a guideline.
Deformation partitioning and porphyroblast rotation in meta‐morphic rocks: a radical reinterpretation

Abstract. Most porphyroblasts never rotate during ductile deformation, provided they do not intern- ally deform during subsequent events, with the exception of relatively uncommon but spectacular examples of spiralling garnets. Instead, the sur- rounding foliation rotates and reactivates due to partitioning of the deformation around the porphyroblast. Consequently, porphyroblasts commonly preserve the orientation of early foliations and stretching lineations within strain shadows or inclusion trails, even where these structures have been rotated or obliterated'in the matrix due to subsequent deformation. These relationships can be readily used to help develop an understanding of the processes of foliation development and they demonstrate the prominent role of reactivation of old foliations during subse- quent deformation. They can also be used to determine the deformation history, as porphyro- blasts only rotate when the deformation cannot partition and involves progressive shearing with no combined bulk shortening component.
Birds in remnant woodland vegetation in the central wheatbelt of New South Wales during the drought declared years 2005 to 2009

The woodlands of southern Australia have been extensively cleared for agriculture. The loss and fragmentation of the native vegetation has been followed by dramatic declines in woodland-dependant species. Here we present data from the Central Western Plains of New South Wales on the occurrence of birds in woodlands that have been highly fragmented and structurally altered over the last 150 years. The species composition of the region is still very similar to that recorded 3 decades earlier but many small insectivorous and nectivorous woodland birds are rare and restricted, while the woodland patches and remnant tree groves in the landscape are now dominated by the Galah, Noisy Miner, Australian Magpie, Crested Pigeon, Apostlebird, Magpie-lark, Grey-crowned Babbler, Australian Raven, Eastern Rosella and Pied Butcherbird.
Plumes in a convecting mantle: Models and observations for individual hotspots

The motion of hotspots and the deformation of their underlying plume conduits as calculated within models of global mantle flow are presented. A new list of 44 possible hotspots with associated tracks has been compiled. For all of them, calculations have been performed under consideration of individual age and anomalous mass flux for three different models of plume buoyancy and mantle flow. Plume source depth has usually been assumed to be the top of D”, but an alternative source depth at the 670-km discontinuity has also been considered. Using models of relative plate motions and boundaries, hotspot tracks on plates have been calculated and compared with age data, ocean floor topography, and distribution of volcanics on continents. Absolute plate motions have been redetermined under consideration of hotspot motion, using a new least squares method. For the Hawaiian and Yellowstone hotspots, source locations and hotspot motion have been computed for a total of up to 23 different models. The results show plume conduits being tilted, with source regions at the D” moving in the lowermost mantle flow, generally toward large-scale upwellings under southern Africa and the south central Pacific. Hotspot surface motion often represents the horizontal component of midmantle flow, which is frequently opposite to plate motion, toward ridges and away from subduction zones. In particular, almost all models tested predict southward motion of the Hawaii and Kerguelen hotspots and westward motion of the Iceland hotspot. For models including hotspot motion the agreement between calculated and observed hotspot tracks is frequently about as good as, or better than, for the fixed hotspot model, but sometimes fixed hotspots give the best fit. In some cases where the track ends at a subduction zone, e.g., for the Bowie hotspot, results can give indications about the otherwise unknown age of the hotspot. In other cases, especially for the Tahiti hotspot, results suggest an origin shallower than D”, and in yet other cases, particularly East Africa, the failure of the hotspot models used supports other evidence indicating the presence of comparatively broad upwellings rather than localized plumes.
Local‐ and network‐scale influence of peatlands on boreal catchment response to rainfall events

Boreal catchments are composed of different land covers, such as forests, peatlands and lakes, which differ in their runoff response to rainfall events. Understanding the individual and combined responses to rainfall events of these different land cover types is crucial for predicting potential impacts of future climate conditions on boreal water cycling. A common assumption is that peatlands attenuate peak flows, which is used as a motivation to restore drained boreal wetlands. However, it remains unclear how and to what extent peatlands can affect peak flow response. Only a few previous studies have looked at the hydrologic dynamics of peatlands in response to specific rainfall events across a wide range of nested sub‐catchments with varying peatland cover. In this study, we use nine years of hourly hydrometric data from 14 catchments within the Krycklan Catchment Study in northern Sweden to examine how peatlands contribute to flood attenuation at both local and stream network scales. Our analysis at the local scale demonstrated that during large events with low antecedent wetness conditions, peatland‐dominated catchment exhibited more muted responses compared to the similar‐sized forest‐dominated catchment. However, during events with high antecedent wetness conditions, the peatland‐dominated catchment exhibited flood magnitudes similar to the forest‐dominated catchment, although the elevated flow condition at the peatland‐dominated catchment persisted for longer periods. Finally, our analysis revealed no significant influence of peatlands on the attenuation or amplification of floods at the stream network scale.
Dinosaur tracks and other archosaur footprints from the Triassic of South Wales

Dinosaur tracks and other archosaur footprints from multiple stratigraphic levels in coastal exposures near Cardiff, and a site near Nottage, Porthcawl area, provide evidence of a diverse assemblage of trackmakers from the “marginal facies”; of the Mercia Mudstone Group (Late Triassic), that can be closely compared with other Pangaean ichnofaunas of the same age. The footprints, comprising at least 88 identified trackways from about 10 stratigraphie levels, can be assigned to the ichnogenera Grallator (Grallator), Grallator (cf. Anchisauripus), Chirotherium? or cf. Tetrasauropus, Pseudotetrasauropus? and Otozoum, most of which are new records for the Late Triassic of Great Britain. The ichnofauna indicates a relatively abundant and diverse archosaur‐dominated terrestrial vertebrate fauna in a semi‐arid setting subject to intermittent deposition by ephemeral streams. The numerically dominant track‐makers appear to have been small theropods with a lesser number of larger prosauropods and other archosaurs of.
GPS-derived crustal deformation in southwestern China

The Sichuan – Yunnan region is divided into nine active secondary crustal blocks, based on several GPS repeat surveys at more than 200 GPS sites during the period 1999 – 2005. Velocities of the nine secondary blocks are calculated and analysed. The strain field within the area related to the 2004 Sumatra – Andaman earthquake event is also analysed. Results indicate that the crustal movement in the northern and western areas of the Sichuan – Yunnan region is stronger than that in the south and east. The horizontal velocities change from 19 – 20 mm/y in the northern and the central rhombic block to 11.7 mm/y in the southern rhombic block. The orientations of block motion vary from 99° in the north to 126 – 150° in the central area and 156 – 188° in the south, implying that the motion of the Sichuan – Yunnan rhombic block is dominated by a clockwise rotation. The velocity differences between blocks inside and outside the rhombic block are about 6.5 – 7.7 mm/y in the northern and central Sichuan – Yunnan region. The southeastward extrusion rate of the Tibetan Plateau shows a remarkable downtrend of up to 47% along the Xianshuihe Fault, suggesting an increase in strain accumulation and hence an area prone to strong earthquakes. The horizontal coseismic deformation caused by the Mw9.0 Sumatra – Andaman earthquake is <10 mm with a south-southeast orientation towards the earthquake epicentre. The dilatational strain rates from coseismic displacements reveal a possible interaction between the extrusion from the Tibet plateau interior and the underthrust effects from the Sumatra – Andaman earthquake.
Melting of the Martian mantle from 1.0 to 4.5 GPa

Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan Earth Sciences, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan Present address: Graduate School of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Present address: Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan Present address: Mineral Physics Institute, Stony Brook University,Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100, USA
INVESTIGATION OF ELASTIC INVERSION ATTRIBUTES USING THE EXPANSIBLE CLAY MODEL FOR WATER SATURATION

Quantitative X‐ray diffraction has been used to characterize water saturation levels in complex shaly sand reservoirs (i.e. shaly sands with infrequent carbonates and minor proportions of iron‐rich minerals such as pyrite and siderite). The results led to the design of a total expansible clay model for water saturation, which is similar in form to the Dual Water model except that the excess effect of the clay minerals has been accounted for by a volume‐conductivity relationship, rather than one of the usual volume‐porosity translations, effectively reducing the uncertainties in estimating water saturation. Given the ambiguities associated with predicting these petrophysical properties from data on rock properties, such as mineralogy, an investigation of the relationship of estimated water saturation based on the total expansible clay model to independently determined rock properties was undertaken using well log inversion and forward modelling techniques. The results show that there is consistency in the relationship between water saturation estimates made from the total expansible clay model and known elastic parameters such as primary and shear‐wave sonic velocity (Vp, Vs), bulk density (ρb) and impedance (I), when the Raymer‐Gardner‐Hunt model is used. Use of the Raymer‐Gardner‐Hunt model to reconstruct the required rock‐physics relationship avoids the classic limitation of the more advanced Gassman model, which assumes that the dry shear modulus is equivalent to the wet shear modulus (μdry=μwet).
The last Maastrichtian ammonites from the Brazos River sections in Falls County, Texas

Abstract The uppermost 11 m of the upper Upper Maastrichtian Corsicana Formation in the Brazos River sections in Falls County, Texas, yields abundant ammonites. The assemblage is dominated by the heteromorphs Eubaculites carinatus (Morton, 1834) and Discoscaphites spp. ; single examples of Pachydiscus ( P .) jacquoti Seunes, 1890, and Glyptoxoceras cf. rugatum (Forbes, 1846), are also recorded. Discoscaphites is a typically North American Western Interior-Gulf Coast-Atlantic Seaboard genus. The remaining taxa are of more cosmopolitan low and middle latitude type. Unreworked ammonites with aragonitic shell preserved are restricted to the Corsicana Formation. Phosphatized and glauconitized ammonites from the base of the succeeding Kincaid Formation are reworked and derived from the underlying eroded top of the Corsicana. Ammonites are thus absent from the uppermost Maastrichtian part of the Kincaid Formation and do not extend to the microfossil, nannofossil, and isotope defined Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary in the Brazos River sections.
Newly imaged shape of the deep seismic zone within the subducting Pacific plate beneath the Hokkaido corner, Japan-Kurile arc-arc junction

[1] The geometry of the deep seismic zone associated with the subducting Pacific plate beneath the North American plate in the Hokkaido corner, Japan-Kurile arc-arc junction has been investigated based on the hypocenters accurately relocated by a dense local seismographic network with three-dimensional P and S wave velocity structures. The model suggests that the lateral changes in the dip of the subduction zone are more rapid than previously believed. We found that the deep seismic zone in the Pacific plate dips at 20° to 30° on the side of the Japan arc, the dip angle increased in a narrow region around 143°–144°E by 10° to 20°, and the dip was 40° to 50° on the side of the Kurile arc. In the transitional zone around 143°–144°E an unusual distribution of microearthquakes has been discovered within the Pacific plate, which was located on a near-vertical plane with an area of 50 × 100 km2 with strike that was perpendicular to the Kurile Trench axis. This feature was named the Tokachi-Oki slab-cracking zone. We suggest that this is a slab-cracking zone torn by the extensional stress due to the rapid lateral changes in the dip of the subduction zone. The slab-cracking zone may possibly grow into the large disruption or tear of the slab in the future.
The Stigma of Diseases: Unequal Burden, Uneven Decline

Why are some diseases more stigmatized than others? And, has disease stigma declined over time? Answers to these questions have been hampered by a lack of comparable, longitudinal data. Using word embedding methods, we analyze 4.7 million news articles to create new measures of stigma for 106 health conditions from 1980 to 2018. Using mixed-effects regressions, we find that behavioral health conditions and preventable diseases attract the strongest connotations of immorality and negative personality traits, and infectious diseases are most marked by disgust. These results lend new empirical support to theories that norm enforcement and contagion avoidance drive disease stigma. Challenging existing theories, we find no evidence for a link between medicalization and stigma, and inconclusive evidence on the relationship between advocacy and stigma. Finally, we find that stigma has declined dramatically over time, but only for chronic physical illnesses. In the past four decades, disease stigma has transformed from a sea of negative connotations surrounding most diseases into two primary conduits of meaning: infectious diseases spark disgust, and behavioral health conditions cue negative stereotypes. These results show that cultural meanings are especially durable when they are anchored by interests, and that cultural changes intertwine in ways that only become visible through large-scale research.