Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sounds of male Lake Victoria cichlids vary within and between species and affect female mate preferences

Sound production in fish is widespread and occurs in several contexts, such as species recognition, mate choice, and aggression. However, there is little experimental evidence for the importance of acoustic signals in social contexts and the influence of sound on mating decisions of females. Cichlid fish are known for their bright nuptial coloration, which plays an important role in mate choice and reproductive isolation between the many species of cichlid fish in East Africa. They also produce sounds in both aggressive and courtship interactions. In this study, we show that the sounds produced by males of Lake Victoria cichlids are species specific. There is also a correlation between fish size and peak frequency of sounds across species. We did not find context-dependent differences within a species (Pundamilia nyererei) between male sounds produced during aggressive displays toward males or sexual displays toward females. We also show with playback experiments that courtship sounds influence the mate preferences of female cichlids. In combination with many studies in the literature on visual signaling, our results suggest that multimodal communication plays an important role in sexual selection in cichlids. Copyright 2010, Oxford University Press.
Independent variations of plant and soil mixtures reveal soil feedback effects on plant community overyielding

Recent studies have shown that the positive relationship between plant diversity and plant biomass (‘overyielding’) can be explained by soil pathogens depressing productivity more in low than in high diverse plant communities. However, tests of such soil effects in field studies were constrained by experimental limitations to manipulate soil community composition independent of plant community composition. Here, we report of an experiment where feedback effects to plants were tested for both plant and soil monocultures and mixtures. Our results demonstrate that overyielding is the result of plant species in mixture being more growth‐limited by ‘own’ soil biota than by soil biota of other plant species. This effect disappeared when the soils had been sterilized by gamma‐irradiation. Mixing plants themselves did not result in overyielding except when grown in the soil of one of the species (Leucanthemum vulgare), where growth of one species disproportionally increased in mixture compared to monoculture. Soil nutrient availability could not explain differences in growth between the non‐sterilized soils. Therefore, our results suggest that plant species–specific soil biota rather than the plants have contributed to the plant community overyielding. Species biomass ranking in mixtures highly differed between non‐sterilized soils of different histories of soil conditioning, whilst the ranking was more consistent in sterilized soil. Sterilized soils of different origin differed significantly in nutrient availability. These results suggest that shifts in competitive hierarchies depend on plant species–specific interactions influenced by soil biota and cannot be induced by mineral nitrogen. Synthesis. Our results show that overyielding in four plant species mixtures can be due to species‐specific interactions between plants and their specific soil biota. Neither mixing the plant species alone nor the differential responses of species to mineral nitrogen influenced community productivity, but mixing soil biota did.
Estimating Mean Fruit Weight and Mean Fruit Value for Apple Trees: Comparison of Two Sampling Methods with the True Mean

Data obtained over two years from chemical thinning experiments with 'Redchief Delicious' apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Manst. ) on Malling 26 (M.26) rootstock were used to estimate mean fruit weight (MFW) and mean fruit value (MFV) using two sampling methods. The estimated values were compared with the true MFW and the true MFV calculated from the entire crop from a tree. Statistical techniques were used to assess agreement between the values obtained with estimation methods and the true values. Estimates of MFW obtained from a 20-fruit sample per tree may differ from the true value by ≈13% and estimates obtained from weighing all fruit on three limbs per tree may range from 11% to 19% of the true mean. Estimates of MFV obtained from packouts of a 20-fruit sample may differ from the true value by about $0.04 (U.S. dollars)/fruit and estimates from packing out all fruit on three limbs per tree may differ from the true mean by about $0.07/fruit. Analysis of variance was performed on each data set. The resulting P values differed for the three methods of calculating MFW and MFV. Therefore, erroneous conclusions may result from experiments where MFW and MFV are estimated from subsamples. Error associated with estimating fruit weight and fruit value from the sampling methods employed in this study may be larger than many pomologists can accept. Until protocols for sampling apple trees, which account for the important sources of within-tree variation, are developed, researchers should consider harvesting the entire crop to calculate MFW and MFV. agreement between two approximate measurement techniques (Bland and Altman, 1986) and for comparing a new technique to the gold standard or a method that provides the true value (Laurent, 1998). The statistical calculations cannot determine if a method is acceptable, but they can provide specific estimates of the types and magnitudes of errors. The absence of errors substan- tiates acceptable performance. Decisions on acceptability are judgments made by individual researchers as to what amount of error is tolerable. The purpose of this study was to compare two methods of estimating MFW and MFV for apple trees. MFW and MFV were estimated with each method and were compared to the true values obtained by harvesting and grading all fruit on a tree. Statistical techniques were used to provide estimates of errors, which can be used to make decisions on acceptability of these methods.
Flavonols and flavones in food plants: a review†

Summary In this review the qualitative and quantitative occurrence of flavonols and flavones, particularly in fruit and vegetables, are considered. They occur practically in all plants. Their formation normally depends on light so that they are mainly concentrated in the outer tissues. the concentration of flavonols in free standing leaves exceeds that in other parts of the same plant considerably, except in onions. Flavonols act as antioxidants and protect the ascorbic acid from auto-oxidation, for example in fruit juices. On the other hand, flavonols can lead to discolourations. Beneficial effects on the human organism have also been described.
Immune-related (IR)-pneumonitis during the COVID-19 pandemic: multidisciplinary recommendations for diagnosis and management

Immune-related (IR)-pneumonitis is a rare and potentially fatal toxicity of anti-PD(L)1 immunotherapy. Expert guidelines for the diagnosis and management of IR-pneumonitis include multidisciplinary input from medical oncology, pulmonary medicine, infectious disease, and radiology specialists. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a recently recognized respiratory virus that is responsible for causing the COVID-19 global pandemic. Symptoms and imaging findings from IR-pneumonitis and COVID-19 pneumonia can be similar, and early COVID-19 viral testing may yield false negative results, complicating the diagnosis and management of both entities. Herein, we present a set of multidisciplinary consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and management of IR-pneumonitis in the setting of COVID-19 including: (1) isolation procedures, (2) recommended imaging and interpretation, (3) adaptations to invasive testing, (4) adaptations to the management of IR-pneumonitis, (5) immunosuppression for steroid-refractory IR-pneumonitis, and (6) management of suspected concurrent IR-pneumonitis and COVID-19 infection. There is an emerging need for the adaptation of expert guidelines for IR-pneumonitis in the setting of the global COVID-19 pandemic. We propose a multidisciplinary consensus on this topic, in this position paper.
Gait‐phase‐dependent and gait‐phase‐independent cortical activity across multiple regions involved in voluntary gait modifications in humans

Modification of ongoing walking movement to fit changes in external environments requires accurate voluntary control. In cats, the motor and posterior parietal cortices have crucial roles for precisely adjusting limb trajectory during walking. In human walking, however, it remains unclear which cortical information contributes to voluntary gait modification. In this study, we investigated cortical activity changes associated with visually guided precision stepping using electroencephalography source analysis. Our results demonstrated frequency‐ and gait‐event‐dependent changes in the cortical power spectrum elicited by voluntary gait modification. The main differences between normal walking and precision stepping were as follows: (a) the alpha, beta or gamma power decrease during the swing phases in the sensorimotor, anterior cingulate and parieto‐occipital cortices, and (b) a power decrease in the theta, alpha and beta bands and increase in the gamma band throughout the gait cycle in the parieto‐occipital cortex. Based on the previous knowledge of brain functions, the former change was considered to be related to execution and planning of leg movement, while the latter change was considered to be related to multisensory integration and motor awareness. Therefore, our results suggest that the gait modification is achieved by higher cortical involvements associated with different sensorimotor‐related functions across multiple cortical regions including the sensorimotor, anterior cingulate and parieto‐occipital cortices. The results imply the critical importance of the cortical contribution to voluntary modification in human locomotion. Further, the observed cortical information related to voluntary gait modification would contribute to developing volitional control systems of brain–machine interfaces for walking rehabilitation.
Deficit Irrigation in Peach Orchards under Water Scarcity Conditions

The irrigation patterns in two peach orchards, located in the central eastern region of Portugal, called “Beira Interior”, and the effect of different amounts of irrigation on the total production and fruit quality were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in 2016, in two different orchards, and included three treatments correspondent to three different flow rates per tree: 8, 12 and 16 l/hour. The water balance, which included the water supplied by rain and irrigation and the crop evapotranspiration, was developed. At harvest, crop production, pulp firmness and percentage of the total soluble solids were evaluated. There were no significant differences between treatments in the average production per tree. However, in one of the orchards production increased with the volume of irrigation. In the same orchard, fruit firmness decreased with the increasing water supply. Total soluble solids had decreased with the increasing water supply in both orchards, probably as a consequence of the dilution effect due, directly, to the water incorporated in the fruits, or, indirectly, to the larger fruits produced by the trees that were irrigated more. In general, the treatments used in this study as well as in the farmers’ practices, the supplied water was in deficit, but the farmers tend empirically to follow closely the evolution of evapotranspiration. Keywords: Deficit irrigation, Peach tree, Production, Total soluble solids, Fruit firmness
CARACTÉRISTIQUES HISTOCHIMIQUES DU MUSCLE ET pH DE LA VIANDE DE LAPINS HYBRIDES SACRIFIÉS À DIFFÉRENTS ÂGES

To study the effects of genetic type, different slaughtering ages (75, 85 and 95 days) and sex on pH of muscles Biceps femoris, Latissimus dorsi and Soleus (45 min. and 24 h post mortem) and on the level of collagen in lumbar muscle (Longissimus lumborum), 60 hybrid rabbits (30 Hyla, 30 Provisal) were used. On 18 male rabbit carcasses (3 ages x 2 genetic types) histochemical characeristics, fibre diameter and fibre/connective tissue ratio were determined in these same muscles. Percentages of the different fibre type are not influenced by the slaughthering ange, whilst important differences (P<0.05) were recorded between genetic lines for all fibre types. The percentage of I and IIA fibre in the Biceps femoris and Latissimus dorsi is particulary higher in Hyla than in Provisal, whilst the contrary is recorded for IIB fibre. On the contrary, for Soleus muscle the percentage of I fibre is high in Provisal, and IIA fibre high in Hyla. In Latissimus dorsi, Biceps femoris and Soleus muscles the fibre diameter increase with age (P<0.05). The percentage of connective tissue decrease with age (P<0.01) as the collagen content (endomysium et perimysium) of the lumbar muscles (P<0.05). Apart from the muscle type and the moment of record (45 min or 24 h pos mortem) the considered variables do not influence pH values. The results show: - Between 75 and 95 days the characteristics of the muscle growth are the increase of all the types muscles sizes and the decrease of the connective tissue. - The genetic type influence the fibre composition of the muscle which may be improve by selection. - Sex, slaugthering age and genetic type doesn't influence meat pH of the rabbit used.
Analysis of 325 Patients with Chronic Nodular Prurigo: Clinics, Burden of Disease and Course of Treatment

Chronic nodular prurigo presents with multiple pruriginous nodules and severe pruritus. This study aims to explore the treatment course and regimens in patients with chronic nodular prurigo and to analyse predictive factors contributing to therapeutic success. A total of 325 patients with chronic nodular prurigo (male 37.5%) were analysed concerning demographic data, pruritus intensity, medical history, psychological impairment, quality of life, treatment duration, regimens and outcome. These parameters were compared with 325 sex- and age-matched patients with chronic pruritus on non-lesional skin. Treatment success was dependent on duration and regime of treatment and independent of age, sex and initial itch intensity. Non-responders displayed a higher percentage of inflamed nodules, a higher portion of excoriated nodules and a higher impairment of quality of life and mood factors before initiation of treatment. Gabapentinoids and immunosuppressants proved to be the most successful therapeutic agents. Compared with patients with chronic pruritus, those with chronic nodular prurigo needed longer duration of therapy.
Randomized controlled feasibility study of FindMyApps: first evaluation of a tablet-based intervention to promote self-management and meaningful activities in people with mild dementia

Abstract Objectives We tested the feasibility, implementation strategy and mechanism of impact of FindMyApps. FindMyApps is a tablet intervention consisting of a selection tool to help people with dementia find usable apps for self-management and meaningful activities, including training to support informal carers in employing errorless learning principles to help people with dementia learn tablet and tool usage. Methods We conducted an exploratory, pilot randomized controlled trial with a mixed-methods design. Twenty persons with mild dementia and carer dyads were randomly assigned to the FindMyApps group (n = 10), receiving either the FindMyApps training and selection tool, or a control condition (n = 10), receiving only a short tablet training. Pre- and post-test measurements at a three month follow-up, consisted of questionnaires and post-test semi-structured interviews. Results The FindMyApps tool was mostly perceived as useful and easy to use. Persons with dementia were generally able to learn how to use the tool, though they regularly needed support from informal carers. Persons with dementia found apps through the tool, which they used regularly. Persons with dementia and informal carers were positive about the training and support they received. No significant differences were found on outcome measures of persons with dementia, but based on effect sizes FindMyApps is a promising intervention. Conclusions Qualitative results indicate that the FindMyApps intervention has the potential to positively influence the self-management abilities and engagement in meaningful activities of people with dementia. Remarks are made to improve the intervention and recommendations are given for future effectiveness studies. Implications for rehabilitation The person-centred tablet intervention FindMyApps has the potential to positively influence the self-management and engagement in meaningful activities in people with dementia. Based on the input of persons with dementia and informal carers, the FindMyApps intervention and study procedure will be further improved and evaluated in terms of effectiveness in an RCT.
New particle formation at urban and high-altitude remote sites in the 
south-eastern Iberian Peninsula

Abstract. A substantial fraction of the atmospheric aerosols originates from secondary new particle formation (NPF), where atmospheric vapours are transformed into particles that subsequently grow to larger sizes, affecting human health and the climate. In this study, we investigate aerosol size distributions at two stations located close to each other (~ 20 km), but at different altitudes: urban (UGR; 680 m a.s.l.) and high-altitude remote (SNS; 2500 m a.s.l.) site, both in the area of Granada, Spain, and part of AGORA observatory (Andalusian Global ObseRvatory of the Atmosphere). The analysis shows a significant contribution of nucleation mode aerosol particles to the total aerosol number concentration at both sites, with a contribution of 47 % and 48 % at SNS and UGR, respectively. Due to the important contribution of NPF events to the total aerosol number concentrations and their high occurrence frequency (> 70 %) during the study period, a detailed analysis of NPF events is done in order to get insight into the possible mechanisms and processes involved in NPF events at these contrastive sites. At SNS, NPF is found to be associated with the transport of gaseous precursors from lower altitudes by orographic buoyant upward flows. However, NPF events at SNS site are always observed from the smallest measured sizes of the aerosol size distribution (4 nm), implying that NPF takes place in or in the vicinity of the high-altitude SNS station rather than transported from lower altitudes. Although NPF events at the mountain site seem to be connected with those occurring at the urban site, growth rates (GR) at SNS are higher than those at UGR site (GR7–25 of 6.9 and 4.5 nm h−1 and GR4–7 of 4.1 and 3.6 nm h−1 at SNS and UGR, respectively). This fact could have a special importance on the production of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and therefore on cloud formations which may affect regional/global climate, since larger GR at mountain sites could be translated to larger survival probability of NPF particles to reach CCN sizes, due to shorter time needed for the growth. The analysis of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) shows that the contribution of H2SO4 is able to explain a minimal fraction contribution to the observed GRs at both sites (
Flagellar Pattern and Growth of Bacillus spp.

SUMMARY: Observations by electron microscopy and by light microscopy of material stained to demonstrate flagella and cell walls, simultaneously, showed that in non-filamentous Bacillus spp. the flagella of growing bacilli were usually fully developed towards one pole, and developed on the other pole as the process of fission advanced. This is similar to the condition in other types of bacteria, previously described, and is in accordance with the theory that bacterial reproduction is not by simple fission, but by production of a bud from a mother cell.
Fotosíntesis estacional en plantas jóvenes de Agave tequilana

Los estudios sobre el efecto del medio en la fotosintesis en plantas jovenes de Agave tequilana son escasos, aunque estas plantas ocupan una tercera parte de la superficie cultivada en el estado de Jalisco, Mexico. Se estudio el efecto de la variacion estacional en la irradiancia, temperatura del aire, humedad relativa del aire, y el estado de agua en la fotosintesis en plantas jovenes de A. tequilana durante 2001 y 2002. El diseno experimental fue bloques completos al azar y los tratamientos fueron las diferentes fechas de medicion de fotosintesis de enero 2001 a noviembre 2002. La asimilacion de CO2 ocurrio durante los meses secos (enero a mayo) y humedos del ano (julio a octubre) y los valores mayores de asimilacion neta diaria de CO2 coincidieron con temperaturas frescas dia/noche y alta irradiancia. La asimilacion nocturna de CO2 fue acompanada por asimilacion positiva de CO2 durante el dia. Ambas mostraron una mayor relacion con la temperatura que con la humedad relativa. La suculencia del tejido fotosintetico, junto con la asimilacion durante el dia y nocturna de CO2, fueron determinantes para mantener la ganancia de carbono en A. tequilana durante el ano, en particular durante el periodo seco.
Smartphone experience, satisfaction, and referral: an ecosystem perspective

ABSTRACT Following an ecosystem perspective and drawing on the stimulus-organism-response model, this research examines how experiential stimuli, including consumers’ experiences with their smartphones, phone service providers, and smartphone applications affect satisfaction with smartphones, which then leads to referral behaviors. An online survey questionnaire was completed by 444 respondents, and structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed model. Findings recognize the stimulating role of experience with products and services (i.e., smartphone applications and service providers) that comprise the smartphone ecosystem, highlight the mediating role of satisfaction in the relationship between experiences and word-of-mouth (WOM) referrals, and shed light on the reciprocal power of WOM referrals in the context of smartphone satisfaction. As opposed to the majority of research focusing on smartphone adoption factors, the present research provides insights on post-adoption experiences of consumers with their smartphones. Moreover, the ecosystem view of the study moves beyond the mere phone features and considers the role of other technological products and services that interact with smartphone devices and shape consumers’ experiences with smartphones.
Parental Knowledge of Malnutrition as a Cause of Infant and Child Mortality Rate in Torbu Community, Sierra Leone

: Malnutrition is a significant public health problem over the world, with severe impact in developing countries, including Asia and Africa. This paper present to assess malnutrition as a cause of infant and child mortality rate in Torbu community in Bo city, Sierra Leone. We used a community-based cross-sectional survey. A total of 80 mothers with children of under five years were selected using convenience sampling from the different divisions of Bo city. The findings showed that 48 (60%) of the respondents have never been sensitized nor have any knowledge about Malnutrition, of which 16 (50%) were informed via radio while 50 (63%) were not aware of any nutrition facility around the community. Besides, 56 (70%) of the respondents did not practice exclusive breastfeeding, 64 (80%) fed their children on only carbohydrates mainly in the form of rice, and 26 (32.5%) had one meal per day. 64 (80%) reported their children to have been admitted due to malnutrition (with mainly protein-energy malnutrition), while over a half 46 (57%) reported having lost a child to malnutrition. Thus, we recommended more nutrition education to address the poor Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices as well as targeted health interventions to mitigate the devastating effects of child malnutrition in the district.