Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cultural Perspectives of Fresh Water

This essay is about indigenous rights to fresh water. The global fresh water crisis has serious consequences for the lives of billions of people. Most are poor and live in developing countries with limited access to fresh water. Contributing to this crisis has been the process of globalisation where monetarism, free market enterprise involving the privatisation and commodification of fresh water reserves has contributed to high prices and inadequate delivery. Indigenous people around the world have expressed concerns in the form of many declarations wherein they have stated their preferences and opinions regarding the ownership of fresh water and its cultural significance. The purpose of this essay is to promote an indigenous understanding of fresh water, a perspective that could eventually lead to a better understanding of the water entitlements of Māori in this their own land of Aotearoa.
Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Approach to Examining the Factors’ Affecting Work Life Balance among Female Teachers’: An Empirical Study International Journal of Science and Business

The main purpose of this study is to examine the factors influencing the work-life balance of female teachers. The study population was composed of female teacher of educational institutions in Barishal division. The respondents were identified through databases from Barishal Education Board, and Ministry of Education, Bangladesh. A convenience sampling was used to recruit participants. We developed a five-point Likert-based questionnaire (ranging from 1, strongly disagree, to 5, strongly agree). For data collection, the 630 questionnaires distributed, 370 completed questionnaires were returned, yielding a response rate of 58.73%. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0. The study employing structural equation modelling (SEM) as the primary statistical technique to analyzed the relationship between dependent and independent variable. Result showed that the regression coefficient for the path from co-worker support (CS) to work-life balance (WLB) is positive (β1 = 0.681) which indicates that CS contributes to WLB of female teachers. Similarly, the path from work overload (WO) to work-life balance (WLB) is also significant (β2 = 0.425) which indicates that when WO decreases, work life conflict of female teachers also decreases. Likewise, the path from job engagement (JE) to work-life balance (WLB) is positive (β3 = 0.361) which indicates that JE contributes to WLB. This study is more significant especially in the context of Bangladesh because more and more women are entering into the teaching profession as a result pattern of socio-economic status has changed. In Bangladesh, female teachers can examine their WLB issues using the factors of this study. Finally, different professionals may facilitate awareness about WLB issues confronted by women to make a favorable social attitude towards them.
International Journal of Science and Business

This paper aims to identify the impacts of Gender on Entrepreneurial Aspiration (growth expectation, innovation, internationalization and industry preference) in Africa. We use data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor survey (GEM) which cover at least 2,000 individuals per year which comprises about 55 countries. After eliminating observations that are inconsistent or have critical missing values, we use a sample of 769 individuals. Generalized structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The finding of this study indicates that gender has a negative impact on entrepreneurial aspiration. Accordingly, women are less likely than men to have growth expectation for their firms. Similarly, women are less fortunate enough than men to internationalize their product or service. With regard to entrepreneur’s innovativeness it is measured in three different ways. As a result, the variance in measurement necessitated to have different results. Consequently, from competitors’ as well as technological perspectives women are less likely than men to have Innovation for their firm. While from potential customer’s consideration regarding their products’ or services’ newness or unfamiliar, the finding shows the opposite result. On the other hand, in terms of entrepreneurial industry preference, the study founds the opposite result that indicates entrepreneur’s industry preference will not differ by gender. Future studies should focuses on comparative analysis to compare with other emerging countries to examine the impact of gender on entrepreneurial aspiration and how they overcome the challenges that might faces. The finding of this study has implications for researcher and policymakers. This research will be contributed to the entrepreneurship literature by incorporating the impact of gender on entrepreneurial aspiration in Africa. IJSB Accepted 26 March 2021 Published 27 March 2021 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4641765
International Journal of Science and Business

This study currently examines some economic growth variables that interact to reduce poverty in West, East, South, Central, and North African. The review uses panel data from 1998 to 2017 based on the unit root, cointegration, fully modified ordinarily least squares (FMOLS), and granger causality to effect estimations. The study examines the association between these variables of economic Growth received and how they affect poverty. The results find economic growth promotes certain aspects of poverty reduction with the size of population and employment has been a significant factor. The granger result shows the uniqueness of the variables with bidirection running between gross domestic product and poverty, gross capital formation and broad money, population, and broad money, and population and poverty do not Granger cause each other in the long run. It was in-line with most studies by other researchers that state these main variables has been very significant when it comes to poverty reduction in most developed countries. The study emphasized that, in the contest of Africa, these main variables helps to reduce poverty but at a minimal level. IJSB Accepted 15 November 2020 Published 17 November 2020 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4277360
Glomalin and Soil Aggregation under Six Management Systems in the Northern Great Plains, USA

The soil environment is linked to aboveground management including plant species composition, grazing intensity, levels of soil disturbance, residue management, and the length of time of a living plant is growing. Soil samples were collected under rangeland [native grass, rotational grazing (NGRG); tame grass, heavy grazing (TGRG); and tame grass, rotational grazing (TGHG)] and cropland [conventional till (CT); CT plus manure (CTM); and long term no till (NT)] systems. The rangeland systems were hypothesized to have higher glomalin content [measured as Bradford-reactive soil protein (BRSP)] and water stable aggregation (WSA) than the cropland systems. In addition, within both rangeland and cropland systems, BRSP and WSA were expected to decline with increased disturbance due to grazing or tillage and going from native to introduced plant species. Differences were detected for BRSP with NGRG and CTM having the highest values in range and cropland systems, respectively. However, the CTM system had higher BRSP values than one or both of the tame grass systems while the CT and NT systems had similar values. Correlation analysis showed strong relationships between all of the BRSP values and WSA.
Velocity structure near IODP Hole U1309D, Atlantis Massif, from waveform inversion of streamer data and borehole measurements

Seismic full waveform inversion (FWI) is a promising method for determining the detailed velocity structure of the igneous oceanic crust, especially for locations such as the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge with significant lateral heterogeneity and seafloor topography. We examine the accuracy of FWI by inverting, after downward continuation to datum just above the seafloor, a multichannel seismic (MCS) profile from Atlantis Massif oceanic core complex at 30°N that passes close to Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Hole U1309D and comparing the results against borehole measurements and existing on‐bottom refraction data. The comparisons include the results of IODP Expedition 340T, which extended the sonic logging and vertical seismic profiling to the bottom of the borehole at 1400 m below seafloor. Compared to travel time tomography, the refinement in velocity and velocity gradient produced by FWI significantly improves the overall match to the borehole measurements, and allows the multilevel pattern of deformation and alteration of the detachment footwall seen in Hole U1309D to be extrapolated across the Central Dome. Prestack depth migration of the profile using the FWI velocities reveals the top and edges of the high‐velocity, gabbroic core of the massif. It also indicates that the comparatively uniform gabbroic rocks drilled at Hole U1309D extend to ∼2.5 km below seafloor but overlie an extended, ∼2 km thick, mantle transition zone.
Syphilis and COVID-19: Changing trends

Background: There is a change in the pattern and prevalence of acquired syphilis due to better awareness, surveillance, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment in India in recent years. However, restrictive measures for COVID-19 may produce different effects on incidence. Aims and Objectives: We aimed to study the changing trend of acquired syphilis in relation to COVID-19 outbreak in a tertiary care hospital in North India. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of all the cases of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) was done from January 2016 to June 2022. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of acquired syphilis were recorded and analyzed for changing trends in prevalence, clinical presentations, association with HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and its relation to COVID-19. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. Results: A total of 1105 patients attended STD clinic from January 2016 to June 2022, of which 216 patients were venereal disease research laboratory and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay positive (19.5%). Before COVID-19, there was an increasing trend of acquired syphilis (late latent). Patients diagnosed with syphilis pre- and postlockdown did not differ significantly in their mean age, median age, male/female ratio, and HIV status. However, there is an increase in number of cases of primary and secondary syphilis postlockdown which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Restrictive measures for COVID-19 during the lockdown produced a declining trend of syphilis. It is unclear whether the observed decrease in number of STI cases was due to true decline, inadequate testing, underreporting, or avoidance of high-risk sexual activities. The upsurge in the number of cases of acquired syphilis after lockdown suggests the possibility that lockdowns did not completely disrupt STI transmission.
Local Binary Patterns and Its Application to Facial Image Analysis : A Survey

Local binary pattern (LBP) is a nonparametric descriptor, which efficiently summarizes the local structures of images. In recent years, it has aroused increasing interest in many areas of image processing and computer vision and has shown its effectiveness in a number of applications, in particular for facial image analysis, including tasks as diverse as face detection, face recognition, facial expression analysis, and demographic classification. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of LBP methodology, including several more recent variations. As a typical application of the LBP approach, LBP-based facial image analysis is extensively reviewed, while its successful extensions, which deal with various tasks of facial image analysis, are also highlighted.
Magnetotail views at 33RE : IMP 8 magnetometer observations

This paper presents magnetic field vector (B) maps, electric current vector (curl B) maps, magnetic force (J×B) contour maps, and total field contour maps covering the full tail cross section in the yz plane. The maps are based on 16 years of 5-min averages of IMP 8 magnetic field data. During this time, IMP 8 traversed the tail between −25RE and −40RE in the x direction. Its average x distance was −33RE. For this average distance we show separate maps for low and high dipole tilts, corresponding to equinox and northern hemisphere summer seasons. The low-tilt (equinox) maps show symmetrical field and current patterns; the high-tilt (solstice) maps show the cross-tail current sheet arcing above the equatorial diagonal in the center and dipping below it on the flanks. The shape of warped current sheet fits Fairfield's (1980) displaced ellipse model fairly well. The distance at which the current sheet is hinged to the magnetic equator is found to be 9.88RE and is independent of kp. The z profile of current density shows a central peak, 3RE full width at half maximum, and smaller, flanking shoulders. A Harris sheet profile with a 7RE thickness fits the Bx profile. Though these are magnetic field data, the J×B maps clearly outline the plasma sheet. This approach also gives a 7RE thickness. Many of the average field and current features inferred and demonstrated in earlier studies are confirmed here; some of them are seen for the first time in full cross-section view. Among new features revealed are a large current vortex in the winter hemisphere lobe, a dawn-dusk asymmetry in the J×B force in the plasma sheet (it is stronger on the duskside), and a separation of the cross-tail current sheet into core and wing parts.
Axial Compression of Footings in Cohesionless Soils. II: Bearing Capacity

An extensive database of full-scale field load tests was used to examine the bearing capacity for footings in cohesionless soils. Each load test curve was evaluated consistently to determine the interpreted failure load (i.e., bearing capacity) using the L1 - L2 method. This test value then was compared with the theoretical bearing capacity, computed primarily using the basic Vesic model. The comparisons show that, for footing widths B>1 m , the field results agree very well with the Vesic predictions. However, for B<1 m , the results indicated a relationship between B and the predicted-to-measured bearing capacity ratio. Accordingly, a simple modification was made to the bearing capacity equation, and the resulting predictions are very good.
LEACHATE RECIRCULATION AND POTENTIAL CONCERNS ON LANDFILL STABIITY

Many landfills around the United States are now allowed to recirculate leachate in a controlled manner. Various benefits and problems with leachate recirculation have been observed and reported in the literature. One of the potential issues with leachate recirculation is that slope stability could be reduced by over saturation of the waste. This paper presents a sensitivity analysis on the potential for slope stability failures due to elevated leachate levels within the waste mass. Several practical design and operational recommendations are suggested to help manage these issues.
Knowledge, attitude and practices towards SARS-CoV-2 genetic mutations and emerging variants among the population in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

Objectives The coronavirus is continuously mutating and creating new SARS-CoV-2 variants. Public awareness about SARS-CoV-2 mutation is essential for effective preventive measures. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards SARS-CoV-2 variants among the general population in Bangladesh. Design We conducted this online survey between 9 April 2021 and 10 May 2021 using structured questionnaires to collect the information. Setting We distributed the survey link among the participants from all 64 districts of Bangladesh using social media platforms. Participants A total of 1,090 respondents completed this survey. After careful evaluation, we excluded 18 responses due to partial or incomplete information, and 1,072 responses entered into the final analysis. Primary outcome The KAP of participants towards SARS-CoV-2 variants depends on their demographic backgrounds. Associations between demographic characteristics and the likelihood of having adequate KAP were estimated using adjusted logistic regressions. Results Among the participants, 42% had a poor knowledge level, 4% had a low attitude level and 14% had a poor practice score. The average knowledge, attitude and practice score were 2.65, 4.194 and 4.464 on a scale of 5, respectively. Only 51.8% of the participants knew about mutant strains, and only 47.6% knew about the effectiveness of vaccines against new variants. The key factors associated with poor knowledge levels were educational levels, area of residence, geographic location, and concern regarding COVID-19. Sociodemographic factors for poor attitude levels were geographic location, vaccination and concern regarding COVID-19. The pivotal factors in determining poor practice scores were the residence area of people and concern regarding COVID-19. Conclusions The knowledge level and positive attitude are associated with better preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Based on these findings, we recommended several awareness programmes on SARS-CoV-2 mutations and variants for the rural population in Bangladesh to increase overall awareness levels.
Adoption of Fintech Services for Sharia Bank Users in Indonesia: An Extended TAM Approach

<p><em>This study proposes a technology acceptance model (TAM) </em><em>in combination </em><em>with </em><em>perceived risk</em><em>, </em><em>brand image</em><em>, </em><em>sharia compliance</em><em>, and </em><em>government support</em><em> </em><em>as</em><em> factors that</em><em> determin</em><em>e</em><em> trust to analyze how users adopt fintech services. The research method uses a quantitative approach using non-probability sampling technique</em><em>. </em><em> A structured questionnaire was distributed to active customers of Islamic banks in Indonesia, and 357 respondents who met the standards participated. </em><em>A</em><em> structural equation model (SEM)</em><em> was used in the data analysis</em><em> to test </em><em>the </em><em>hypotheses regarding all latent variables and their relationships. The </em><em>results of the </em><em>study show that</em><em> </em><em>usefulness, ease of use, and brand image of fintech services significantly influence</em><em> </em><em>users' attitude</em><em>s</em><em> toward fintech </em><em>adoption</em><em>. </em><em>However, trust, perceived risk, and government support do not significantly influence </em><em>users'</em><em> attitudes toward adopting fintech. </em><em> </em><em>Moreover</em><em>, attitude and sharia</em><em>h</em><em> compliance </em><em>have a significant effect on </em><em>users'</em><em> </em><em>intention to </em><em>adopt</em><em> fintech services. This study </em><em>adds</em><em> to the </em><em>existing </em><em>literature on fintech service </em><em>adoption </em><em>by providing a comprehensive </em><em>over</em><em>view of the determinants of user attitudes by combining the concepts of trust in fintech services with</em><em> TAM</em><em>. </em><em></em></p>
Relationships between teachers and disruptive children in kindergarten : an exploration of different methods and perspectives, and the possibility of change

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Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination and Theoretical Investigations of Two New Vanadium(V) Complexes

Two new vanadium (V) complexes involving 6-hexyl-4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol (HTAR) and tetrazolium cation were studied. The following commercially available tetrazolium salts were used as the cation source: tetrazolium red (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazol-2-ium;chloride, TTC) and neotetrazolium chloride (2-[4-[4-(3,5-diphenyltetrazol-2-ium-2-yl)phenyl]phenyl]-3,5-diphenyltetrazol-2-ium;dichloride, NTC). The cations (abbreviated as TT+ and NTC+) impart high hydrophobicity to the ternary complexes, allowing vanadium to be easily extracted and preconcentrated in one step. The complexes have different stoichiometry. The V(V)–HTAR–TTC complex dimerizes in the organic phase (chloroform) and can be represented by the formula [(TT+)[VO2(HTAR)]]2. The other complex is monomeric (NTC+)[VO2(HTAR)]. The cation has a +1 charge because one of the two chloride ions remains undissociated: NTC+ = (NT2+Cl−)+. The ground-state equilibrium geometries of the constituent cations and final complexes were optimized at the B3LYP and HF levels of theory. The dimer [(TT+)[VO2(HTAR)]]2 is more suitable for practical applications due to its better extraction characteristics and wider pH interval of formation and extraction. It was used for cheap and reliable extraction–spectrophotometric determination of V(V) traces in real samples. The absorption maximum, molar absorptivity coefficient, limit of detection, and linear working range were 549 nm, 5.2 × 104 L mol−1 cm−1, 4.6 ng mL−1, and 0.015–2.0 μg mL−1, respectively.
SOURCE ROCK POTENTIAL OF ORGANIC‐RICH SHALES IN THE TERTIARY BHUBAN AND BOKA BIL FORMATIONS, BENGAL BASIN, BANGLADESH

Sandstones in the Miocene Bhuban and Lower Pliocene Boka Bil Formations contain all of the hydrocarbons so far discovered in the Bengal Basin, Bangladesh. Organic‐rich shale intervals in these formations have source rock potential and are the focus of the present study which is based on an analysis of 36 core samples from wells in eight gasfields in the eastern Bengal Basin. Kerogen facies and thermal maturity of these shales were studied using standard organic geochemical and organic petrographic techniques.
INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL

Weed detection is considered the gold standard in smart agriculture field. An automated detection of weed procedure is a complicated task, specifically detection of Rumex weed due to different real-world environmental conditions, including illumination, occlusion, overlapped, growth stage, and colours. Few works have done to classify Rumex weed using machine learning. However, the performance is still not at the level required for agriculture communities and challenges have not been solved. This work proposes Region-Convolutional Neural Networks (R-CNNs) and VGG16 model based on colour space information to classify Rumex weed from grass-land. The first step of the proposed method is to convert the images from RGB colour to HSV space colour due to robustness to lighting changes and removing shadows. Then, the images is divided into regions and we used selective search to select regions based on colour information. After that, the selective regions is entered into CNNs based imagenet weight and VGG16 model to extract features and the SVM classifier is used to classify these features into two classes (Rumex or Grass). This paper is investigated the effectiveness of our proposed method over real-world images under different conditions. The findings have shown that the proposed method superior comparing with other AI existing techniques. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has an excellent adaptability over real-world images in grassland environment. The findings provide valuable insight of using artificial intelligence in the agriculture field.