Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of toxicity: Whole‐sediment versus overlying‐water exposures with amphipod Hyalella azteca

A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the toxicity of whole‐sediment versus overlying‐water exposures to the amphipod Hyalella azteca using field‐collected sediments. Severe toxic effects (5–63% survival) were observed with amphipods exposed for 10 d in direct contact with sediment. In contrast, amphipods exposed only to overlying water in these sediment exposures did not exhibit any toxic effects.
Review of experiences: recurrent pregnancy loss with reproductive outcome in pregnant women

Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is an important reproductive health issue, affecting 2%–5% of couples. Research into why miscarriage happens is the only way we can save lives and prevent future loss. In this study we estimate the percentage of babies who survived beyond the neonatal period in a RPL clinic and to identify associated factors.Methods: A retrospective cohort study including 128 women seen at a clinic for RPL in loss group between 2016 and 2018 and a control group including 180 pregnant women seen at a low-risk prenatal care unit. Reproductive success rate was defined as an alive-birth, independent of gestational age at birth and survival after the neonatal period. All the date was statically reviewed and analyzed.Results: Out of 115 who conceived, 105 (91.3%) had reproductive success rate. There were more full-term pregnancies in the control than in the loss group (155/180; 89.6% versus 67/115; 58.3%; p<0.01). The prenatal visits number was satisfactory for 97(84.3%) women in the loss group and 112(62.2%) in the control (p<0.01). In this, the beginning of prenatal care was earlier (13.5 ±4.3versus 18.3±6.1weeks). During pregnancy, the loss group women increased the weight more than those in the control group (57.4% versus 47.8% p=0.01). Although cervix cerclage was performed in 41/115 (35.7%) women in the loss group, the pregnancy duration mean was smaller (34.6±5.1 weeks versus 38.2±2.5 weeks; p<0.01) than in the control group. Due to gestational complications, cesarean delivery predominated in the loss group (71/115; 61.7%versus 69/180; 38.3%, p<0.01). Conclusions: A very good reproductive success rate can be attributed to greater availability of healthcare services to receive pregnant women, through prenatal visits scheduled or not, cervical cerclage performed on time and available hospital care for the mother and newborn.
Proportional Weekly Use of Underwater Call Types by Weddell Seals, Leptonychotes Weddellii (Pinnipedia: Phocidae), During the Breeding Season at the Vestfold Hills

Underwater vocalisations by Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, were recorded during the 1992 breeding season, at the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica. Only 3 of the 12 major call types recorded at all sites had statistically significant variations in utilisation throughout the season. No consistent trends were evident. The underwater calls of Weddell seals increased;in number during the breeding season, hut the proportional weekly usage of each of the major call types did not change. The absence of vocalisation changes suggests that the breeding behaviours of Weddell seals are not synchronous and that the underwater behavioural patterns either do not change during the breeding season or could not be detected because of the asynchrony.
Poverty as epistemic object of government: State cognitive equipment and social science operations

This article studies the interrelation of the epistemic dimension of the State with the operation of social science embedded in institutional spaces of government and its effects on the process of production of social-science knowledge, conditioning its decisions. The reported study is based on the process of poverty measurement as conducted by the Chilean government. In this process, poverty appears as an object created and used not only as a scientific object of academic inquiry, but simultaneously as an epistemic object of government constituted by the State, and used for regulatory interventions. The research developed shows that there are many points of ambiguity in the decisions required for the construction of poverty, in which purely scientific or technical criteria are insufficient for decision-making and are supplemented by tactical or strategic criteria of government.
Low‐complexity and full‐diversity parallel interference cancellation for multiuser wireless relaying networks

In this paper, the multiuser interference of wireless relaying networks (WRNs) is considered. Two transmission protocols with an interference cancellation scheme are proposed, namely, the concurrentS − R−D‐PICR,D protocol for decode‐and‐forward WRNs and the concurrentS − R − D‐PICD protocol for amplify‐and‐forward WRNs. Unlike the existing protocols, these protocols allow the concurrent transmission in both phases of the transmission, and hence, higher spectral efficiency is offered while maintaining low decoding complexity. The concurrentS − R − D‐PICR,D protocol achieves interference‐free diversity without imposing any condition on the node's antenna number. However and similar to most existing protocols, this protocol requires the channel state information (CSI) of the users‐relay links at the relay. In contrast, the concurrentS − R − D‐PICD protocol achieves a better diversity order, given that the relay's antenna >8, whereas CSI is required only at the destination. Although the diversity's upper bound is not achieved, this protocol uses a simple relay as no CSI or encoding is required at the relay. In addition and unlike the existing protocols, the achievable diversity is determined by both the user's and the destination's antennas, and it is not sacrificed while the number of users is increased. This paper also establishes sufficient conditions for a space‐time block code to achieve the mentioned diversity gain of the proposed protocols.
Does Fear of Giving Birth Impact the Self-Efficacy Perceptions of a Pregnant Woman?

Background: The fear of death during delivery develops before pregnancy; it is called "tokophobia". Aim: To compare the self-efficacy perceptions of pregnant women based on the degree of their fear of giving birth and to determine the relationship between the two considerations. Methods: This study was conducted with a descriptive and corelational design between January 2 and October 31, 2014 in a maternity hospital in Eastern Turkey. Women in their 28th–40th gestational week, visiting the hospital were included in the study. Version A of the Wijma delivery expectancy/experience scale and the short version of the birth self-efficacy inventory were used to collect the data. Results: Among the pregnant women with low fear of giving birth, the mean scores were 61.88±13.35 for Wijma and 217.50±40.31 for the self-efficacy scale. For the pregnant women with high fear of giving birth, Wijma scores were 115.98±15.92 and self-efficacy scale was 169.57±44.26. Conclusion: This study emphasize that pregnant women with low fear of giving birth had higher levels of self-efficacy perception compared to those with high fear of giving birth.
PHYTOCHROME REGULATION OF ENZYME ACTIVITY IN HIGHER PLANTS

The last yearly review which covered the general aspects of light regulation of enzyme activity appeared in 1980 (Hug et al., 1980). The present review covers the literature from 1982 up to the literature available till the time of submission. For earlier reviews on this subject see articles by Schopfer (1977) and Lamb and Lawton (1983). A general introduction of photomorphogenesis and enzyme regulation can be obtained in Schopfer (1984) and Sharma (1984). In recent years, the investigations on phytochrome regulation of enzyme activity have advanced from the qualitative and quantitative descriptions of changes in the activity of various enzymes, towards the elucidation of molecular mechanisms involved in the photoregulation of enzyme activity. In majority of the cases, attempts have been made to identify the components involved in signal chain cascade initiated by phytochrome. This identification is being attempted by tracing the pathway in backward direction through in vitro investigations on translation and transcription of specific gene products. These investigations have provided a new insight, for understanding the mode of phytochrome action in enzyme regulation.
Economic risk analysis of different livestock management systems

The Cicerone farmlet experiment, conducted on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, explored aspects of profitability and sustainability under three different whole-farmlet management regimes. The 5-year period over which the treatments were measured occurred over a period of generally below-average rainfall, hence responses to management treatments were limited. A modelling approach was used to estimate profitability over a longer period representing the variable climate of the region. A stochastic discounted cash flow model was developed to estimate economic returns of two of the Cicerone management system treatments scaled up from the farmlet scale (53 ha) to the size of a typical commercial farm in the region (920 ha) over a 20-year period. Several scenarios were used to estimate the commercial-scale returns under different rates of pasture improvement and stocking rates. Over the long-term, Farm A was found to be more profitable but also more risky (in terms of variation around the mean of cumulative discounted cash flow) than the ‘typical’ Farm B management system. If livestock managers choose to adopt a pasture improvement strategy based on renovating pastures and increasing soil fertility, they are more likely to achieve higher net worth with more moderate rates of pasture improvement than those explored on Farm A where a high rate of pasture improvement had been implemented in order to quickly differentiate treatments.
Preferential voting and the party–electorate relationship in Slovakia

In this article we use concentration of electoral support for individual candidates and divergence between party and electorate preferences for candidates to test hypotheses about the party–electorate relationship. We test these using data from preferential voting in Slovak general elections between 1998 and 2010. Our results suggest that low concentration is associated with parties based on ideology and high concentration with parties based on leadership. Age of the party fails to predict the concentration or the divergence. For coalitions, type of coalition matters in regard to divergence. Furthermore, we document that divergence increases with the size of the electoral support, though this seems to be true only for larger parties.
FS-Net: A Flow Sequence Network For Encrypted Traffic Classification

With more attention paid to user privacy and communication security, the volume of encrypted traffic rises sharply, which brings a huge challenge to traditional rule-based traffic classification methods. Combining machine learning algorithms and manual-design features has become the mainstream methods to solve this problem. However, these features depend on professional experience heavily, which needs lots of human effort. And these methods divide the encrypted traffic classification problem into piece-wise sub-problems, which could not guarantee the optimal solution. In this paper, we apply the recurrent neural network to the encrypted traffic classification problem and propose the Flow Sequence Network (FS-Net). The FS-Net is an end-to-end classification model that learns representative features from the raw flows, and then classifies them in a unified framework. Moreover, we adopt a multi-layer encoder-decoder structure which can mine the potential sequential characteristics of flows deeply, and import the reconstruction mechanism which can enhance the effectiveness of features. Our comprehensive experiments on the real-world dataset covering 18 applications indicate that FS-Net achieves an excellent performance (99.14% TPR, 0.05% FPR and 0.9906 FTF) and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. Index Terms–Encrypted Traffic Classification, Recurrent Neural Network, Reconstruction Mechanism
Batesian Mimicry: A Preliminary Theoretical Investigation of Quantitative Aspects

With the publication of a recent paper (Brower, Cook, and Croze, 1967), the concept of Batesian mimicry seems finally to have passed beyond the theoretical stage. It seems appropriate, therefore, to attempt some sort of quantitative formulation of the concept in the hope that some of its tenets may thereby be better understood. For example, it has been suggested (Fisher, 1958; Sheppard, 1959) that the advantage to a mimic in terms of reduced predation is great when that mimic is rare in proportion to the number of models and that it wanes as the mimic becomes relatively more common. The following model supports this contention. Duncan and Sheppard (1965) have reinforced the drinking of colored water solutions by chickens with electric shocks ("model" solutions) and found that acceptance of slightly less colored water ("mimic" solutions) decreases with an increase in the strength of the shock experienced with the model. The authors interpret their results as indicating less discrimination by predators (the chickens) when the model is particularly repellent. This conclusion may be correct, but the arguments presented below offer another, and much simpler, explanation of the data. C. S. Holling (1965) has recently devised an ingenious model of mimicry based on learning and forgetting rates in predators of the palatability of two virtually indistinguishable foods (model and mimic). It is my own opinion that while the learning and forgetting of palatability are, at least in many cases, vital constituents in the mechanism of mimicry, an equally important constituent is the degree to which a predator will misidentify the prey species involved. Since this latter constituent is easily quantized, I shall deal with it primarily and incorporate the former in a somewhat less rigorous fashion.
Urinary Albumin Excretion, Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, and Prevalence of Microalbuminuria in Obese Nondiabetic and Nonhypertensive Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Context: Obesity even in absence of diabetes and hypertension increases the risk for microalbuminuria (MAU), glomerular hyperfiltration, and therefore nephropathy. Aims: This study aims to assess the urinary albumin excretion (UAE), prevalence of MAU, and values of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in obese nondiabetic and nonhypertensive patients, vis a vis thin healthy subjects, and attempts to correlate anthropometric measurements with UAE and eGFR. Setting and Design: Cross-sectional analytical study on 60 cases who were obese according to Asia Pacific guidelines and 60 nonobese controls. Patients with diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and established renal disease were excluded. Methods and Material: Albuminuria was assessed in each patient by quantitative immunoturbidimetry method on a spot urine sample. eGFR was calculated by Cockcroft–Gault formula. Statistical Analysis: Data was analyzed using SPSS (2015 version). Mann–Whitney U-test, Fisher Exact test, and Spearman's correlation coefficient was used for various variables. Results: The mean age of cases was 31.90 ± 6.32 years. About 78.33% were in class 1 and 21.66% in class 2 obese groups. The mean UAE at 21.20 ± 26.82 mg/g creatinine was higher in the case group. The prevalence of MAU was 11.66% and 3.33% in case and control groups, respectively. The cases had a significantly higher mean eGFR of 123.29 ± 20.49 mL/min/kg as compared with controls who had a mean eGFR of 106.59 ± 10.15 mL/min/kg. There was moderate correlation between anthropometric measurements and eGFR. Conclusion: Younger, class 1 obese patients had a higher UAE, eGFR, and three times higher MAU prevalence, even in absence of diabetes and hypertension, with a correlation between anthropometry and eGFR as compared with nonobese individuals.
Family Businesses Dominate

International Family Enterprise Research Academy (IFERA) collected some numbers about family businesses to confirm what several experts in the field have always claimed: that family businesses dominate most economies around the world. IFERA asked over 60 researchers and professionals dealing with family businesses in various countries to get a numerical/statistical confirmation of this hypothesis. The results confirm the leading role of family businesses in worldwide economic production and employment.
SUMMER FOOD HABITS OF HARLEQUIN DUCKS IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA

Abstract We collected feces of breeding Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) from interior rivers of Northern Québec, Labrador and Newfoundland to document their summer food habits. We obtained 42 samples from 50 ducks. All samples contained recognizable food items, and the mean number of taxa identified per sample was 3.6 (SD = 1.6, range = 1–7). Overall, a total of 10,222 organisms from 25 taxa were identified. Nearly all (99.7%) food items were insects; the rest were mollusks and mites. Among insects, Simuliidae larvae were the most common food item, representing 87.2% of all prey counted. Other insects had low relative frequencies, the highest being Trichoptera with only 8.0%. However, in terms of frequency of occurrence, many insects were well represented: Trichoptera (83.3%), Ephemeroptera (64.3%), Diptera (61.9%), Plecoptera (33.3%), Coleoptera (11.9%), and Heteroptera (9.5%). Although Simuliidae larvae may represent the most important food taken in terms of absolute numbers, the relative importance of Trichoptera may be much higher in terms dry weight. These results are consistent with observations that Harlequin Ducks usually feed on the bed of fast stretches of rivers, and occasionally in slow-moving waters.
White clover investigations

The traditional method of producing white clover seed is to grow it in a mixed sward with grass, usually ryegrass. Wild white clover was originally harvested from old permanent pastures, which were heavily grazed, especially in the spring. This system has been perpetuated in the production of white clover seed from leys, and in many areas where sheep and cattle are a major item in the farming enterprise, grazing is an integral part of the system and contributes to the cash return of the ley: seed is not the sole objective. However, the general belief in the advantage of grass companion appears to be so strong that many arable farmers with no livestock produce clover seed from grass/clover swards. No doubt the seed ley on such farms is not only a valuable cash crop but it raises soil fertility and provides an alternative crop in arable rotation. The presence of grass, however, makes the management of successful seed production extremely difficult. Excessive grass growth in spring may result in a serious depression of clover, because of the shading effect produced at certain critical growth stages in the life of the sward.
Human astrovirus among hospitalized children under five years of age with acute diarrhea in Basrah, Iraq

Background: Human astrovirus are considered as a common cause of infantile gastroenteritis worldwide. The importance of astrovirus in the area is not well recognized. Objectives: The study is designed to determine the frequency and importance of astrovirus in childhood gastroenteritis and to investigate the most affected age group, the predominant clinical symptoms associated with astrovirus infection. Subjects and methods: A total of 400 stool specimens (200 from symptomatic and 200 from asymptomatic healthy children) were collected during 2011-2012 and the relevant informations were obtained on special questionnaire form. Astrovirus nucleic acid was extracted from stool specimens using a spin column technique according to the instruction given by QIAamp-Mini-Elute virus spin kit for purification of virus-RNA (Qiagen-Germany). Astrovirus was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using specific primers; Mono269-F and Mono270-R of human astrovirus. Results: Astrovirus was detected in 2.6% of acute diarrheal cases, while asymptomatic control group were all negative for astrovirus. Age group analysis revealed that astrovirus infection was more frequent among children with age of 1< 3 years (P < 0.05). Most of astrovirus cases were observed during winter months (January and February). The dominant clinical symptoms among astrovirus infected cases were vomiting (80%), fever (60%) and dehydration and abdominal pain was found in 40% for both respectively. Conclusion: Astrovirus is frequent among children with acute diarrhea and should be taken in consideration as a causative agent in childhood gastroenteritis.
A Comparative Study on Pasting and Hydration Properties of Native Rice Starches and Their Mixtures

ABSTRACT Four rice starches were isolated from waxy and nonwaxy rice cultivars collected from different places in China. Individual rice starches were examined, along with their corresponding mixtures in different ratios, in terms of pasting and hydration properties. Analysis by micro-viscoamylography (MVAG) showed that waxy rice starch and its blends had higher peak viscosity (PV), breakdown (BD), and setback (SB) than the remaining starches and mixtures. Apparent amylose content (AC) was 16.95–29.85% in nonwaxy individual rice starches and 13.69–25.07% in rice starch blends. Incorporating waxy rice starch (25%) significantly decreased the AC. AC correlated negatively with swelling power (SP) (r = -0.925, P < 0.01). SP exhibited nonlinear relationship (r2 = 0.8204) with water solubility (WS) and both increased with temperature. The correlation showed that WS is also an index of starch characteristics and the granules rigidity affected the granule swelling potential. The results show that turbidity of gel.
Influence of forest age on nutrient availability and storage in coniferous soils of the Oregon Coast Range

A substantial fraction of the organic matter and plant essential nutrients in forest ecosystems are contained in the soil. The role of soils in nutrient storage and availability is an essential component of ecosystem function and stability. The top 10 cm of soil contains the highest concentration of nutrients. To determine the influence of forest age on nutrient storage and availability in riparian soils, we compared concentrations, storage, and extractability of plant nutrients in the litter layer and top 10 cm of mineral soil in old-, second-, and young-growth riparian forests. The analysis of variance for nutrient concentration, nutrient storage, or nutrients extracted in both the litter layer and top 10 cm of mineral soil showed no significant differences among sites or seasons for any nutrient; only differences among forest ages will be discussed. Concentrations of N, P, Mg, Mn, and Cu in forest litter did not differ by forest age, but concentrations of K, Ca, and B were significantly higher in old-g.