Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECTIVENESS OF HIV/AIDS-HEALTH LITERACY PSYCHO-EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION ON PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF INFORMAL CAREGIVERS OF PLWHAs IN IBADAN BY Bosede

Caregiving to PLWHAs causes burden and bring risks to informal caregivers. In Nigeria, majority of informal caregivers carry out their activities at home lacking sufficient information leading to increased burden, poor psychological wellbeing and loss of confidence among caregivers of PLWHAs. This study therefore developed a training package for the formal training of informal family caregivers and assessed the effectiveness of the psycho-educational strategy intervention on psychological well-being of informal caregivers of PLWHAs in Ibadan. The study adopted the 2 x 2 pretest-posttest control group quasi –experimental design. One hundred (100) informal caregivers of PLWHAs were selected using multi-stage sampling technique from the population of informal caregivers attending two (2) Non-governmental approved HIV/AIDS support and counseling centers formally screened using Zarit Burden interview. Fifty (50) participants each were randomly assigned into psycho-education and control groups. A questionnaire containing Psychological wellbeing (α.75) and socio-demographic profile was utilized in the study. Data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics and Factorial Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) at 0.05 level of significance. Results demonstrated that there was significant effect of psycho-educational intervention on the psychological wellbeing [F(1,97)= 68.90, η 2 = . 43] of PLWHAs caregivers. Psycho-education group expressed better psychological wellbeing and higher caregiving self-efficacy than the control group. Gender differences and the moderating role /effect of caregiving stress were not significant in the study. Psycho-educational strategy intervention was demonstrated to improve psychological well-being and caregiving selfefficacy of caregivers of PLWHAs in Oyo State. The study recommends that caregivers‟ based psycho-education training be inculcated in HIV/AIDS care services across Nigeria for informal caregivers of PLWHAs.
Pulmonary function impairment and lung infections among tannery workers in Southern India

Background/Objectives: Tannery workers are prone to lung diseases due to hazardous operational conditions. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the respiratory morbidities and lung infections among tannery workers. Methods: This study included 110 tannery workers (83 male and 27 female). Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) was carried out among 53 workers. Direct microscopic examination and standard microbial culture were carried out to identify lung infections from clinical samples. Statistical analyses were carried using the SPSS software, version 26. Findings: Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) revealed severe restrictive, moderate restrictive and small airway obstruction among 16.9%, 18.9% and 11.3% of workers respectively. PPE usage was reported among 68% of the workers. Only 3.6% of the subjects reported being used face masks during work. The respiratory symptoms viz; cold & cough (44.5%), asthma (2.7%), wheezing (14.5%), shortness of breath (17.3%) and chronic bronchitis (3.6%) were noted among study subjects. A significant association was found between altered PFT values and the risk factors such as working sections and lack of PPE usage (p<0.05). Bacterial lung infections viz; Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus and fungal infections viz; Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus were identified. Confounding factors of working sections and lack of PPE usage found to influence the PFT parameters. Applications: The study highlights the constant infectious hazards at the workplace. Frequent health monitoring, workplacemonitoring, engineering controls and PPE use aremandate to curtail respiratory morbidity among tannery workers
Impact of Laparoscopic Single Anastomosis Duodeno-ileal Bypass-sleeve Gastrectomy versus Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on Blood Sugar Control, OR Time and LOS

Background: The loop duodenal switch is a risky procedure that requires patients to adopt a for life vitamin and protein supplement regime in order to avoid malnutrition. For that reason, we only advice it for patients who can be very consistent taking multiple vitamins and protein supplements every day for the rest of their lives SADI-S benefits over DS included reduction of the operative risk by eliminating one anastomosis with potentially similar weight loss and health benefits. Purpose to asses blood sugar control between the two procedures in addition to OR time and LOS. Patients and Methods: The interventions were led at Beni-suef University Hospital between January 2018 and December 2019, after the patients fitted both the inclusions and exclusions criteria. This study consisted of 36 patients which were randomized into 2 groups. Group A: 18 patients assigned for Single Anastomosis Duodeno-ileal bypass – Sleeve Gastrectomy [SADI-S] Review Article Abdelhamid et al.; AJRS, 3(4): 26-32, 2020; Article no.AJRS. 58505 27 among them 8 were diabetics. Group B: 18 patients assigned for Sleeve Gastrectomy among them 3 were diabetics. Methods: To group A after doing the sleeve gastrectomy in the usual way the duodenum is anastomosed to a loop of ileum while in group B only sleeve is done. Results: Eight patients (44.4%) of SADI-S group were diabetic (T2DM), all of them were on oral hypoglycemic drugs. Diabetic control was achieved in 100% of them; with 8 cases (100%) reached complete remission which was significant higher than Sleeve gastrectomy group. There was an improvement regarding the postoperative levels of HbA1c in both groups with no statistically significant difference between them. Conclusion: SADI-S/OADS is more effective than LSG regarding blood sugar control with more operative time and longer hospital stay.
Comment on esd-2020-85 Anonymous Referee # 1 Referee comment on " On structural errors in emergent constraints

The authors have assessed the application of emergent constraints to estimate uncertainties in unknown climate projections. The recent increase in the application of emergent constraints in Earth Science makes this a timely issue, even more in the last year since the new ensemble of Earth system models (CMIP6) became available. Furthermore, the manuscript is very well written and structured, which made it a pleasure to read. However, the main motivation for the paper is that emergent constraints are used too literally (line 681) and “confusing to policymakers” (line 17). I do not fully share this assumption and I argue below why I think this is not the case. Overall, I have major and minor questions that would need to be resolved before a possible publication.
Prenatal development of the stomach in the goat (Capra hircus)

During organogenesis in the developing goat embryo, a four-chamber stomach is formed from an extension of the primary intestine. Due to histological and morphological changes, each chamber of the stomach takes on characteristic features associated with its function. The histological structure of the stomach wall consists of four layers, the mucosa, submucosa, tunica muscularis and serosa. This work presents the current state of knowledge of the changes observed in each layer of the developing stomach and its morphogenesis in the prenatal period. Practical applications of this information in prenatal ultrasound diagnostics in goats are suggested as well.
Synthesis and Characterization of NaA Zeolite Using Natural Kaolinite Clays from Nigeria by Low Temperature Hydrothermal Method

Zeolites NaA is one of the most valuable synthetic zeolites widely used as ion-exchange material, catalysts, and adsorbents in industry. There is therefore need to adopt a more energy-efficient route for its synthesis from low-cost and sustainable raw materials. In this present work, zeolites Na-A was synthesized from natural kaolinite clays obtained from three selected regions (Ikere, Okpella and Kankara) in Nigeria. The asreceived kaolinite clays (IKclay, OKclay and KAclay) were initially beneficiated thoroughly to obtain pure powders (˂75 μm). The processed kaolinite clay powders were then subjected to heating in a muffle furnace at 850C for 3 h at a heating rate of 10C/min to convert the kaolinite clays to their respective metakaolins. The obtained metakaolins were then reacted with NaOH solutions at varying concentrations of 3.0 and 4.0M respectively using a low temperature hydrothermal transformation to obtained Zeolites Na-A powders. The obtained zeolites were then analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results showed that zeolite NaA is produced with mixture of hydroxysodalite (HS) while the EDS revealed the presence of Si, Al, O and Na indicating chemical constituents of typical zeolite NaA. All the tested kaolinite clays are therefore suitable for preparation of zeolite NaA as cheaper source of silica and aluminum.
Milk Cereal Drink Feeding Practices: A Descriptive Study Among Swedish Children participating in the IDEFICS. Family Study

Background: Childhood overweight is an increasing public health concern and has recently been associated with the consumption of a traditional Swedish milk cereal drink (MCD). This study aimed to describe the consumption pattern of MCD among study participants in relation to the recommendations by the National Food Agency of Sweden. Method: A cross-sectional study among the Swedish cohort of the IDEFICS.Family (I.Family) study was conducted in 2013/2014. Swedish participants completed a questionnaire aimed at understanding the prevalence of consumption, timing, frequency, feeding modality and rationale for offering MCD. Results: Most children (74.7%) reportedly consumed MCD. Of those who consumed MCD, a large part of the participants consumed MCD two or more times a day with a high proportion of participants (87%) stating a preference for bottle-feeding. Conclusion: This study described the MCD feeding practices among participants. Our findings indicated that many children are offered MCD, or välling as it is known in Sweden, in a manner that does not align with the national guidelines, including bottle feeding when a bowl and spoon are recommended.
UTILIZATION OF DRY CORN GRAINS DISTILLATION BY-PRODUCT WITH SOLUBLE (DDGS) AS AN ALTERNATIVE NON-CONVENTIONAL FEED STUFF IN LAYING HEN DIETS

A total of 105 Dokki-4 laying hens, 24 weeks of age were used to study utilization of dry corn grains distillation by-product with soluble (DDGS) as an alternative non-conventional feed stuff in laying hen diets. Hens were divided equally into seven treatment groups, three levels of DDGS (20, 25 and 30 %) without or with enzyme (1g enzyme/kg diet), in addition to8 control group. Each group contains five replicates with 3 birds each. Egg production and egg weight were recorded and egg mass was calculated daily during 24 to 36 weeks of age. Random samples of 5 eggs from each treatment were collected weekly to measure egg quality. Results showed that proximate analysis for DDGS yielded values of 93.72% for dry matter (DM), 21.74% for crude protein (CP), 6.74% for ether extract (EE), 6.54 % for crude fiber (CF) and 5.93% for ash. Hens fed diet containing 20 % DDGS recorded the highest (P ≤ 0.05) egg production, egg weight, egg mass, lowest feed consumption and the best feed conversion ratio (FCR), values were 76.32%, 43.15g, 32.91g/ hen/ day, 99.02g/ hen /day and 3.06 g feed/g egg, respectively. Supplementation of enzyme to diets containing DDGS had significant effect on egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed consumption and FCR. Concerning to the interaction between DDGS level and enzyme supplied, hen fed 20 % DDGSwith enzyme recorded values similar ​​to hen feed control diet. Albumen wt. %, yolk wt. %, shell wt. %, shape index and yolk index, were not affectedby DDGS level, on the other hand Haugh unit and shell thickness were insignificantly affected by DDGS level. The interaction between DDGS level and enzyme supplied effect on egg quality except shell thickness had not. The best value for economical efficiency and relative economical efficiency had been recorded by hen fed on control diet (0.50 and 100%) followed by 20% DDGSwith 1 g enzyme / kg diet (0.45 and 90 %). The present study show that DDGS could be used in layer diets up to 20% with 1 g enzyme / kg diet without adverse effect on performance of laying hens and egg quality.
Efficacy of a multimodal physiotherapy treatment program for postural disorders and pain: a case report

The participant of this study was a 40-year-old female, who mainly complained of middle thoracic stiffness and pain in extension at the mid thoracic level with hyperkyphosis, forward head and mild thoracic dextroscoliosis. The subject participated in multimodal home-based physiotherapy program with the duration of 9 months, consisting of posture exercises, soft tissue massage therapy and thoracic manipulations. Comparison of initial and final evaluation revealed the improvement in all evaluated variables, including the reduction of thoracic hyperkyphosis, forward head posture and thoracic dextroscoliosis, freer and less painful thoracic spine extension mobility, no pain in the sacroiliac joint, and increased satisfaction with the posture. There was also notable improvement in the algometry of the paraspinal muscles, equalization of functional lower-leg length and rib-pelvic distance of both sides of body. In conclusion, the proposed physiotherapy protocol can be beneficial in addressing postural faults such as thoracic hyperkyphosis, forward head and scoliosis. However, further research is needed with a larger sample.
Oxy-fuel combustion for power generation and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture

Description: Oxy-fuel combustion is currently considered to be one of the major technologies for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture in power plants. The advantages of using oxygen (O2) instead of air for combustion include a CO2enriched flue gas that is ready for sequestration following purification and low NOx emissions. This simple and elegant technology has attracted considerable attention since the late 1990s, rapidly developing from pilot-scale testing to industrial demonstration. Challenges remain, as O2 supply and CO2 capture create significant energy penalties that must be reduced through overall system optimisation and the development of new processes.
Sexual Dimorphism of Maxillary Sinus: A Morphometric Analysis using Computed Tomography

Introduction: Gender determination is the important aspect of forensic science. Most of the bones used for sex determination are badly disfigured and found in incomplete state, thus bones recovered intact are used. Maxillary sinus being recovered intact can be used for gender determination by measuring maxillary sinus dimension through computed tomography (CT). The aim of this study was to assess sexual dimorphism using morphometric maxillary sinus measurements through CT scan. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study included CT scan images of 80 patients (40 males and 40 females). Maxillary sinus mediolateral (ML), superoinferior (SI), anteroposterior (AP) linear dimensions and volume were measured. All the measured parameters were then subjected to Student’s t-test to determine mean difference between males and females and discriminative statistical analysis to determine gender. Results: The mean value of maxillary sinus length, width, height and volume in males on both right and left sides were (3.80±0.175, 3.74±0.209) cm, (2.57±0.317, 2.51±0.295) cm, (3.55±0.338, 3.5±0.286) cm and (17.49±3.909, 16.54±3.274) cm3 respectively and in females (3.67±0.250, 3.64±0.256) cm, (2.37±0.297, 2.34±0.3222) cm, (3.29±0.280, 3.23±0.254) cm and (14.42±2.935, 13.81±2.779) cm3 respectively. The discriminative analysis showed that the accuracy of maxillary sinus measurements was 72.5% in females and 75% ofmales (overall accuracy = 73.8%). Conclusion: The maxillary sinus measurements are valuable guide for sex determination with relatively good accuracy rate.
Use of L1 in the Iranian EFL Classroom

By reviewing the literature on the development of English language teaching methods in the last three decades, it is obvious that the idea of using the first language (L1) in the second language (L2) classroom has always been controversial. The history of language pedagogy and the role of the first language in foreign language learning generate debates in English as a foreign language. The teaching of English as a foreign language is growing every day in Iran, and as a result, the need for informing the best policy is getting more urgent. The principal intent of the current study, that investigates the use of L1 in the English classroom, is to determine teachers, students and policymakers’ beliefs and attitudes towards the use of L1 in L2 classroom. The L1, in this case, is Farsi language and all the participants are native speakers of Farsi. One hundred and fifty students of the English Language Department at the elementary level at Tehran Institute of Technology are the participants of the study. They are all female and in their late teens or early twenties. The students and the teachers were surveyed by questionnaires and the researcher observed 10 classes and interviewed 3 teachers and 3 policymakers. The information gathered from the questionnaire was submitted to SPSS for analyzing the data, and the information gathered from the interview. Class observation check-list was used to triangulate the findings of the questionnaire. The results of this study indicate that teachers and students have different attitudes towards using L1 in the EFL classes. While students have a positive attitude, teachers have a negative attitude. The main reason mentioned by students for not being against the limited use of Farsi in their English class is that they believe using Farsi even in a limited sense can help them to understand difficult concepts. However, teachers believe in an English-only policy to be more exposed to the English language. Another finding of this study is that the functions of using Farsi by students or teachers in EFL classroom are: for explaining difficult parts, for managing the classroom, for explaining exam instructions, for explaining the two language differences, for checking comprehension, for seeking help from others, for joking with others, for making students relaxed and for presenting the meaning of new words. Given these findings, to match the student’s and teachers’/policymakers’ ideas about using L1 at the elementary level, an EFL teaching methodology that considers the use of Farsi, even in a limited way, is suggested.
EFFECT OF INVESTORS’ SENTIMENT ON STOCK MARKET RETURNS IN NIGERIA

The study investigated the effect of investor sentiment on stock market returns in Nigeria, using a 28-year time series data from 1990-2017. The method of analysis used is multiple regression techniques. We analyze the impacts of sentiment on stock market returns. We consider the impact of five variables to estimate sentiment index whose data derived from: Nigerian Stock Exchange, Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin, Nigerian Bureau of Statistics, Securities and Exchange Commission and so on, including 189 (observations) securities quoted on the capital market. The investors’ sentiment predictors used are Consumer Confidence Index (CCI) Stock Price (P) Turnover ratio (Turn) Dividend Premium (DP), Initial Public Offering (IPO). The result of the analysis shows that there is a positive correlation between changes in sentiment predictors and stock market returns for some variables, demonstrating that individual investor sentiment affect stock prices. Though, the influence of individual investor sentiment seems to be affected by the force of arbitrage. The study also reveals that bullish sentiment leads to higher market excess returns, while bearish sentiment leads to lower excess return. It was recommended that the capital market should create an enabling environment that is highly regulated to cause a free flow of information to enable investors to be rational and mitigate their sentiment backdrops.
Risk Factors Associated with Perinatal Mortality at Besat Hospital in Sanandaj in 2013-2015: A Case-control Study

Background & aim: Perinatal mortality is used in international scales as a reflection of the quality of maternal and newborn care. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine perinatal mortality and its associated factors at Besat Hospital of Sanandaj within 2013 to 2015. Methods: This retrospective case-control study was conducted using medical records available at Sanandaj Besat Hospital during 2013- 2015. Sampling was conducted through the census method. Firstly, all cases of perinatal mortalities in the delivery and neonatal wards whose medical files were complete (n=466) were selected as the case group, and a file of live birth for each case was randomly chosen on the same day as the control (n=466). Data analysis was performed by SPSS 21 using the Chi-square, independent samples t-test, and logistic regression. Results: The rate of perinatal mortality was reported as 38.3 per 1,000 births. Parental consanguinity, parity, number of abortions, birth weight, gestational age, pregnancy and delivery complications as well as congenital abnormalities were significantly different between the two groups (p <0.05). The most important risk factors associated with perinatal mortality were prematurity (OR=15.6; 95% CI: 8.7-29.3; p <0.001), low birth weight (OR=0.6; 95% CI: 0.5-0.7; p <0.001), congenital abnormalities (OR=6; 95% CI: 2.2-16.4; p <0.001), pregnancy complications (OR=2.2; 95% CI: 1.1-4.6; p <0.03), delivery complications (OR=2; 95% CI: 1.5-4.7; p <0.001), and parental consanguinity (OR=21.7; 95% CI: 1.23-2.41; p <0.001). Conclusion: Parental consanguinity, LBW, preterm birth, hypertension, and premature rupture of membranes were the most important factors increasing the risk of perinatal mortality.
PROCESSING BILIMBI INTO JUMBO RAISIN WITH DIFFERENT SUGAR ADDITIONS

Based on its nutritional content, bilimbi contains high vitamin C, high water content, and has a relatively short shelf life. This study aimed to make jumbo raisins to produce raisins preferred by consumers, and analyze its quality based on its water content, vitamin C content, and the level of panelist acceptance. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) single factor with variations of concentration of sugar solution (50%, 75% and 100%). The quality tests were including water content by drying using an oven, vitamin C content by iodometry, and the level of acceptance through organoleptic tests (taste, color and aroma). The results showed that bilimbi raisin with 100% sugar is preferred by panelists based on its taste (score 3) and aroma (score 3), and had a water content of 11.91% and vitamin C content of 5.13 mg / 100 g.
Prevalence and complications of hypothyroidism during pregnancy in western Uttar Pradesh

Thyroid disease is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, second only to diabetes mellitus. Worldwide, iodine deficiency is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. In iodinesufficient regions, the most common causes are autoimmune thyroiditis and iatrogenic hypothyroidism after treatment for hyperthyroidism. The thyroid undergoes physiological changes during pregnancy. Normal pregnancy is associated with an increase in renal iodine excretion, an increase in thyroxine binding proteins, an increase in thyroid hormone production, an increase in HCG level and thyroid stimulatory effects of HCG. All of these factors influence thyroid function tests in pregnant patients. Maternal thyroid function changes during pregnancy and inadequate adaptation to these changes results in thyroid dysfunction. Some of these alterations in thyroid function occur due to increased thyroid hormone-binding globulin (TBG) concentration, increased iodine clearance in the kidneys, and thyrotrophic effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG).