Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dyeing of Polyester and Polyamide Synthetic Fabrics with Natural Dyes Using Ecofriendly Technique

This work presents an ecofriendly method for dyeing synthetic fabrics with natural dyes using UV/ozone pretreatment to activate fiber and improve dyeability of polyester and nylon. Fabrics are pretreated with UV/ozone for different periods of time ranged from 5 min to 120 min. Effect of pretreatment on surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Mechanical behavior was studied by testing tensile strength and elongation percentage. Chemical modification of the surface was studied using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (ATR-FTIR). Dyeability of the treated samples was investigated in terms of their colour strength expressed as K/s in addition to fastness to washing and light. This research showed the increment of the affinity of the studied synthetic fabrics towards curcumin and saffron natural dyes using ecofriendly technique.
Vectorial structural characteristics of four-petal Gaussian beams in the far field

Based on the vector angular spectrum theory of electromagnetic waves and the method of stationary phase, analytical vector structures of four-petal Gaussian beams (FPGB) in the far field are derived. The energy flux for the TE term, TM term and the whole beam are represented and illustrated with numerical examples. Effects of beam orders and paraxial degrees on energy flux distributions are discussed in detail, and the corresponding analytical explanations are also given. These results may provide a new approach to manipulate other higher-order laser beams in the far field.
Theoretical performance analysis of heat pump water heaters using carbon dioxide as refrigerant

The aim of this paper is to simulate the performance of an air source heat pump water heater using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a working fluid. The heat pump water heating system consists of a compressor, a gas cooler, an expansion device and an evaporator. The computer simulation model has been developed by using the heat transfer data and the thermodynamic properties of CO2. The effects on the heat pump performance by the operating parameters such as the compressor rotational speed, the inlet water temperature at the gas cooler, the inlet air temperature at the evaporator and the mass flow rate ratio of water to refrigerant were presented. For rated capacities of a 4 kW compressor with a 10 kW gas cooler and a 6 kW evaporator, the coefficient of performance is found to be between 2.0 and 3.0. The mass flow rate ratio of water and CO2 between 1.2 and 2.2 is the most suitable value for generating hot water temperature above 60°C at 15–25°C ambient air temperature. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydration Parameters of Aqueous Solutions of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)s by Viscosity Data

In order to study the hydration effect of Poly(Ethylene Glycol) (PEG) and its dependence on the molecular weight, we report on rhelogical measurements on aqueous solutions at different concentration values. Viscosity data lead to the conclution that a positive hydration characterizes the water-polymer interaction and exclude the existence of aggregative phenomena in all the investigated concentration range.
Modeling of the Oxidation of Primary Reference Fuel in the Presence of Oxygenated Octane Improvers: Ethyl Tert-Butyl Ether and Ethanol

A detailed chemical kinetic mechanism has been developed for the oxidation of primary reference fuel (PRF, mixture of n-heptane and iso-octane) in the presence of ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) or ethanol. The mechanism was validated by comparison with the existing experimental data from shock tubes, a jet-stirred reactor, and a flow reactor. ETBE and ethanol are known as octane number improvers. Enhancement of research octane number (RON) by the addition of ETBE and ethanol to PRF has been measured using a cooperative fuel research (CFR) engine. Increase in RON was simulated with the present detailed kinetic mechanism by estimating the critical compression ratio (CCR) for autoignition in a motored engine. The correlation curve between CCR and RON was derived by calculating the CCR for PRF whose composition defines the RON. The kinetic model reproduces observed variations in RON by the addition of ETBE and ethanol to PRF. Those additives showed a very similar effect on RON.
Arachidonic acid metabolism by the pregnant rat uterus

The preparation of a microsomal fraction from the decidual tissue of pregnant rat uteri is described. Incubation of such microsomes with a mixture of radiclabelled and cold arachidonic acid (51 uK) plus cofactors resulted in a 30% substrate conversion. Products were resolved into four peaks (A,B,C and D) by thin-layer chromatography. Combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and further thin-layer chrcm itography identified the products as ? GF 2 “ (A); thromboxane 5; (B> ; a mixture of 6-0X0 PGF i “ and PGE; (0); PCD; and PGE 2 (D). PGE 2 was the major product. ACKNOhTEDGEMENT We are indebted to Drs. Dawson, Boot, Cockerill, Malien and Osborne of the Lilly Research Centre, Windlesham, Surrey, for carrying cut the mass spectral analysis. Authentic prostaglandins were a gift from Dr. J. Pike of the Upjohn Co. This study was supported by a Wellcome Trust project grant. INTRODUCTION Many experimental findings suggest that prostaglandins (PGs) play an important role in parturition. Williams and Vane /_ \ J have reviewed the evidence favouring PG involvement. Many experiments have depended upon the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as PG synthetase inhibitors. For instance indomethacin blocks both the spontaneous _ _ contractions and PG release from the rat pregnant ute^rus in vitro / 2,3 / and delays parturition and prolongs labour in rats /_ 3_7. As a result ~ of such findings indomethacin has been used clinically as a rationa_l treatr.ent for innibiting uterine contractions in premature labour / 4_/. Despite the clinical ir.pcrtance of blocking uterine ? G synthesis little is known of the PG synthesizing system in the pregnant uterus. As a rirst step in such a study we have used a microsomal preparation from the decidual tissue of the pregnant rat uterus as our source of PG synthetase. This study desc-ibes the products which are formed when this enzyme system is incuba ted with arachidonic acid.
Characteristics of atmospheric pressure air discharges with a liquid cathode and a metal anode

Electrical and optical emission properties of a burning plasma between a liquid cathode and a metal anode are presented in this paper. The plasma has constricted contact points at the liquid cathode and is clearly filamentary in nature near the water surface. The cathode voltage drop depends on conductivity rather than pH and is significantly different for distilled water and electrolyte solutions. An acidification of the liquid due to the plasma is always observed. The rotational temperature of OH and N2 in the bulk of the plasma is, respectively, in the range 3200–3750 K and 2500–2750 K. The rotational temperature of nitrogen near the metal anode is typically two times smaller. Electron densities near the cathode measured by Stark broadening of Hβ are in the range (5.5–8.0) × 1014 cm−3, the atomic excitation temperatures in the range 5750–7250 K. Differences in electrical and optical emission properties between the cases when distilled water and electrolyte solutions are used as cathode are discussed in detail.
Numerical analysis of liquid metal flow in the presence of an electric field: application to liquid metal ion source

Two‐dimensional axisymmetric flow of a viscous, incompressible liquid metal with a free boundary subject to the action of an electric field is investigated in the context of liquid metal ion source operation. It is established that an almost flat surface evolves with time into a cone‐like shape, with the cone angle equal to Taylor's static value of 98.6°. The growth time of the Taylor cone and the time‐dependent behaviour of basic physical quantities (electric field strength, fluid velocity and surface curvature) near the cone apex are studied. A possible physical explanation of the effect of globule formation on the supporting needle of the liquid metal ion source has been put forward. The simulation is based on the method of adaptive numerical grid generation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of samarium nanoparticles on the electrical transport properties of polyaniline

A comprehensive study of the effect of samarium nanoparticles on electrical transport properties of polyaniline has been reported. Samples are prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of samarium nanoparticles and characterized by XRD, FESEM, EDS, HRTEM and UV-Vis spectrometer. When the samarium content in polyaniline matrix increases, energy band gap decreases and conductivity increases by four orders of magnitude. A transformation of negative to positive magnetoconductivity has been observed by incorporating samarium nanoparticles in polyaniline matrix. Two types of activation behavior have been observed from the dielectric relaxation behavior. AC conductivity strongly depends on magnetic field. Although, at present, no theoretical model is found in literature to explain directly the behavior of ac conductivity in the presence of magnetic field, it may be due to the change of grain and interfacial boundary resistances by magnetic field.
Concentration and pH dependent SERS spectra of sulfanilic acid sodium salt on colloidal silver particles

IR, Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of sulfanilic acid sodium salt (SANA) were recorded and analysed. The vibrational wavenumbers were computed by the density functional theory method using the B3LYP/6–31G* basis and found to be in good agreement with the experimental values. The effect of concentration and pH dependence on the SERS intensity of the molecule was also studied. The molecular plane assumes a tilted orientation with respect to the silver surface. The observed changes of the relative intensities of some enhanced bands and the presence of in-plane and out-of-plane modes of the phenyl ring suggest that the molecule assumes a more tilted orientation upon lowering the concentration of the adsorbate. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and Certification of Re‐Os Dating Reference Materials: Molybdenites HLP and JDC

Two Re‐Os dating reference material molybdenites were prepared. Molybdenite JDC and molybdenite HLP are from a carbonate vein‐type molybdenum‐(lead)‐uranium deposit in the Jinduicheng‐Huanglongpu area of Shaanxi province, China. The samples proved to be homogeneous, based on the coefficient of variation of analytical results and an analysis of variance test. The sampling weight was 0.1 g for JDC and 0.025 g for HLP. An isotope dilution method was used for the determination of Re and Os. Sample decomposition and pre‐concentration of Re and Os prior to measurement were accomplished using a variety of methods: acid digestion, alkali fusion, ion exchange and solvent extraction. Negative thermal ionisation mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry were used for the determination of Re and 187Os concentration and isotope ratios. The certified values include the contents of Re and Os and the model ages. For HLP, the Re content was 283.8 ± 6.2 μg g−1, 187Os was 659 ± 14 ng g−1 and the Re‐Os model age was 221.4 ± 5.6 Ma. For JDC, the Re content was 17.39 ± 0.32 μg g−1, 187Os was 25.46 ± 0.60 ng g−1 and the Re‐Os model age was 139.6 ± 3.8 Ma. Uncertainties for both certified reference materials are stated at the 95% level of confidence. Three laboratories (from three countries: PR. China, USA, Sweden) joined in the certification programme. These certified reference materials are primarily useful for Re‐Os dating of molybdenite, sulfides, black shale, etc.
New approach in prostate Gleason grading using fluorescence microscopic imaging

Prostate cancer is a common disease among men with an increasing number of incidences during the last three decades. Histopathological grading of prostate cancer is based on tissue structural abnormalities. Gleason grading system is the gold standard and is based on the organization features of prostatic glands. However, till now there is an uncertainty assign Gleason grade to intermediate stages of the disease, Gleason 3 and Gleason 4. The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of introducing fluorescent probes in this prostate cancer Gleason grading problem. Propidium Iodide with cellular nuclei binding pattern and Alexa 488-WGA with selectivity in polysaccharides with sialic acid residues were finally chosen. Their localisation patterns were assessed using confocal microscopy. Their colocalisation degree was quantified using special developed algorithms of image processing and analysis. The introduced metrics of colocalisation were successfully used to correct classify samples in Gleason 3 and Gleason 4 grades. These metrics were found appropriate to correctly classify 93.10 % of the images into the two classes using the logistic algorithm. The integration of confocal microscopy along with fluorescent probes to pathologist routine, is an approach that cloud lead to prognostic advances.
Effects of pH and Concentration on Cs Ions Sorption and Diffusion in Crushed Granite by Using Batch and Modified Capillary Method

Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, R.O. C. Acomprehensive evaluation of Cs ions sorption to and diffusion in crushed granite was conducted in this study. The sorption capacity of crushed granite suggested by the Langmuir model was 5.48 10 -6 mol-Cs/g-granite. The distribution coefficient (Kd) was around 7.5 mL/g and pH independent. By using anin-diffusionmethodwithamodifiedcapillarycolumn,somediffusionrelevantparametersofCsionsin crushed granite were derived. The apparent diffusion coefficient (Da) seemed unaffected by Cs concentration (1.15 10 -10 to 2.82 10 -10 m 2 /s, at 10 -7 and 10 -3 M, respectively). The determined effective diffusion coefficients (De) were located in the window from 8.59 10 -10 (10 -7 M) to 1.69 10 -9 (10 -3 M) m 2 /s. UndervariouspHenvironments,pHindependentDa(9.010 -9 m 2 /s)andDe(1.010 -9 m 2 /s)valueswere observed. Under current systems, consistently higher De than Da implied the diffusion of Cs ions was governed by surface diffusion phenomenon. Whereas the pH insensitive feature indicated the Cs sorption to crushed granite was mainly through ion-exchange reaction. Moreover, further SEM/EDS mapping clearly showed the adsorbed Cs ions were highly concentrated on the fracture surface of biotite.
Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminated with Used Motor Oil: I. Enhanced Microbial Activities from Laboratory and Growth Chamber Studies

Used motor oil is a common and toxic environmental contaminant, and technologies for its remediation vary in success. The degradation of used motor oil in soil as affected by plant treatment ("phytoremediation") was assessed in a growth chamber study. Seed germination of several grass, legume, and cereal species declined with an increase in used oil concentration; at oil rates greater than 1.0% (w/w), decreases in germination for most species were significantly (p < 0.05) below control rates. Green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), soybeans (Glycine max), and maize (Zea mays) germinated better than other treatments at used oil concentrations up to 10% (w/w). In terms of both germination and overall growth, leguminous plants were generally more resistant to used oil contamination than nonleguminous species. The used oil contained lead, cadmium, barium, and other potentially toxic metals; however, uptake by the study plants was negligible. Bacteria were the most abundant microbial group in oil-contaminated soil (.
Effect of Heat Stress on Milk Production and Composition in Murrah Buffaloes

Temperature humidity index (THI) is widely used to assess the effect of temperature and relative humidity on performance in animals. In summer the THI was between 74 – 89 with average value of 81.18. in winter months THI ranged between 49 -70 with the average of 60. The results showed a significant effect of heat stress on daily milk yield and milk composition. In the present study the daily milk yield decreases from 4.46 to 3.65kg, heat stress reduced milk yield by 18.2%. There was a significant effect of heat stress on milk composition. Heat stress significantly reduced milk fat content from 8.3% during the winter to 7.19% during the summer. Milk protein percentage significantly decreased as a result of summer heat stress (3.08 vs.2.9 %, respectively for the winter and summer). In the present study the SNF decreases from 9.08 to 9.05 %, heat stress reduced SNF % as the THI value went from ≤ 74 to ≥ 83 in summer. Results showed that milk production is a function of THI. The negative slope of regression line indicates that milk production fat%, protein% and SNF% decreases as THI increases. This regression indicates that in general for each point increase in THI value. There was decrease in milk yield of 0.028kg per buffalo per day. Heat stress environments have been associated with depression in milk fat%, protein% and SNF%. There was decrease in milk fat of 0.046% per buffalo per day. There was also decrease in milk protein of 0.00014 % per buffalo per day. The decrease in milk SNF of 0.0047 % per buffalo per day.
Rheological properties of carbon black suspensions in a silicone oil

Transient shear stresses, steady-state viscosities, and linear dynamic moduli of the furnace carbon black suspensions in a silicone oil were measured as a function of the carbon black concentration. Except for the lowest carbon black concentration, from the transient shear flow experiment structural breakdown is observed at the lower shear rate, whereas at the higher shear rate structural buildup is observed. A crossover point between structural breakdown and structural buildup is decreased with an increase in the carbon black concentration. For the lowest carbon black concentration at the higher shear rate, stress overshooting appeared. Every suspension exhibits shear thickening under steady shear flow, and the critical shear rate corresponding to the onset of steady shear thickening is almost coincident with the shear rate where structural buildup or stress overshooting is first observed. The carbon black suspensions show solidlike viscoelastic behavior under linear responses for dynamic modulus measure.
The mechanism of voltage decay in corona-charged layers of silicon dioxide during UV irradiation

The charge stability in thermally grown silicon dioxide layers during irradiation with monochromatic ultraviolet light has been investigated. The samples were charged by a constant-voltage corona method. A Xenon arc lamp in combination with a monochromator was used to generate mono-energetic photons. The surface potential was measured as a function of the photon energy, the irradiation intensity, the charge polarity and the substrate doping. In order to interpret the experimental results, different theoretical models were developed which consider the possibility of photo-ionization of trapped charges, multiphoton excitation in the dielectric, and injection of hot carriers from the substrate into the oxide layer. The discussion of the parameters derived from each model leads to the conclusion that electron injection from the substrate is most probably responsible for the voltage decay.
Thermoluminescence and photoluminescence study of CaSO4 : Dy nanophosphor for 6 MeV energy electron dosimetry

Nanoparticles of CaSO 4 : Dy with size around 25 nm, were synthesized by the chemical co-precipitation method for the purpose of high energy electron dosimetry. The nanocrytstalline samples were irradiated with 6 MeV energy electrons having fluence varied from 3 × 10 14 to 2 × 10 15 e/cm 2 . The pre and post irradiated samples were characterized by the XRD, SEM, PL and TL techniques. The XRD spectra show the orthorhombic phase and do not change with the electron fluence. Moreover, the particle size found to be around 25 nm and marginally increased from 25 nm to 34 nm with the increase in the electron fluence. SEM image confirms the existence of the nanoparticle around 30 to 40 nm. In PL emission spectra, a shift towards lower wavelength has been observed with decrease in particle size from micrometer to nanometer. This mainly attributes to the extension in the band gap of Dy 3+ ions. The TL spectra exhibit four peaks at around 437,545,638, and 748 K respectively. The TL response curve shows that the peak intensity initially increased with electron fluence, and at a fluence of 9 × 10 14 e/cm 2 saturates then decreased with increase in the electron fluence. It is mainly due to the generation of different kinds of trapping centers. The present study indicates that the CaSO 4 : Dy phosphor can be used for the measurement of dose of 6 MeV energy electrons over a range varying from 1 kGy to 25 kGy.
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy of single-strand deoxyribonucleic acid for sequencing

The authors performed scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) analysis of single-strand deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dye at the 5′ terminal (FITC-5′-agctgtac-3′). They obtained high-resolution topographic scanning tunneling microscope images of the DNA that showed eight nucleotide bases and one FITC molecule. The current versus voltage (I-V) data of FITC had local maxima or plateaus, whereas those of DNA had simple growth curves. They also found that in the STS analysis, the I-V data of the DNA were fitted well by an exponential curve in the positive and negative bias regions. They also discuss the possibility of whether four nucleotides (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine) can be differentiated through STS experiments.
Constructed Wetlands for Management of Urban Stormwater Runoff

In urban and suburban areas, stormwater runoff has been identified as a significant contributor to water quality impairment. The quality of the stormwater and the characteristics of the pollutants present are dependent on the types of surfaces the stormwater encounters. The scientific research within this field has been focused on pollutants such as nutrients, heavy metals, organic and particulate matter, herbicides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These constituents may pose risks to life forms along with technical and aesthetic problems and thus require implementation of management practices for mitigating stormwater pollution. Structural best management practices are now commonplace for stormwater management in urban developments and range from simple filter strips, to the latest green technology methods such as constructed wetlands. Physicochemical and biological properties of wetlands provide many positive attributes for remediating contaminants. Specifically, wetland stormwater treatment areas offer the advantages of water storage and peak-flow attenuation, nutrient cycling and burial, metal sequestration, sediment settling, and breakdown of organic compounds along with certain ancillary benefits such as recreational facilities as well as functioning as a wildlife habitat. In this context, the authors summarize information on stormwater and different structural best management practices used for stormwater treatment. They critically examine the potential of constructed wetlands for stormwater treatment by looking at the present research initiatives toward execution of this technology. Future considerations in choosing constructed wetlands as stormwater treatment systems are also highlighted by discussing benefits and inadequacies as well as economic facets of constructed wetlands.