Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrated effects of thermal acclimation and challenge temperature on cellular immunity in the plusiine moth larvae Chrysodeixis eriosoma (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Temperature is one of the most influential factors for animals. The acclimation (rearing) and challenge temperatures are often more important than the given temperature per se. These effects on physiological responses have been known, but not well understood on immune responses. Here, we investigated the integrated effects of rearing and challenge temperatures on haemocyte populations in larvae of a plusiine moth, Chrysodeixis eriosoma. We hypothesize that the haemocyte concentration is decreased (increased) at higher (lower) temperatures from rearing temperatures and that the proportions of haemocyte types exhibit directional changes at higher (lower) temperatures to compensate for immune reactions. We expect that increasing (decreasing) the challenge temperature from the rearing temperature enhances (reduces) phagocytic activity. We found that higher temperatures slightly decreased the haemocyte concentration. We detected small changes in the proportions of haemocyte types among rearing temperatures, but the changes were non‐directional and most of them were statistically insignificant. We also found the integrated effects only with increases in the challenge temperatures, which resulted in increased phagocytosis, whereas no apparent reactions were detected with decreases in the challenge temperatures. Our results show that the haemocyte concentration is significantly affected by the rearing temperature, which implies that haematopoiesis depends on the ambient temperature. We discuss some adaptive and non‐adaptive components for the positive integrated effects of increases in the challenge temperatures. We also discussed the obtained non‐responsiveness in the integrated effects with decreases in the challenge temperatures.
Probing the role of propagule pressure, stochasticity, and Allee effects on invasion success using experimental introductions of a biological control agent

Although most populations of non‐native species arriving in new environments fail to establish, mechanisms behind failed biological invasions are still poorly understood. Propagule pressure has been found to be a dominant driver of establishment success, underpinned by processes such as stochasticity and Allee effects. While studies have revealed the presence of a component Allee effect in field populations, empirical support for demographic Allee effects has been limited. We used the leaf‐feeding beetle Neolema ogloblini, a biological control agent against the plant Tradescantiafluminensis, as a proxy invasive species to experimentally study the process of establishment. We investigated how the initial size of the population released affects the probability of establishment and population growth in the first season after introduction at isolated sites in New Zealand. The probability of establishment was found to increase with numbers of individuals released. A significant quadratic relationship was found between population size released and per capita population growth rate; that is per capita population growth rate initially increased as population size released increased but decreased at higher population levels. These results support the presence of a demographic Allee effect. However, as the influence of stochasticity (environmental and demographic) could not be completely separated from that of a demographic Allee effect, we conclude that extinction probability in the experimental populations of N. ogloblini was influenced by both a demographic Allee effect and stochasticity. Our study demonstrates and supports the concept that experimental biocontrol agent releases can be used for testing hypotheses regarding invasion biology.
The Relation between Individual Characteristics and Job Stress in PT. PAL Indonesia

Introduction : Quality Assurance and Quality Control Division workers are challenged by various mental and physical pressures that might trigger job stress. Many factors contribute to job stress, one of them is the individual factor. This study’s purpose was to examine and analyze whether or not there was a relation between the individual characteristic factors and job stress at PT. PAL Indonesia (Quality Assurance and Quality Control Division). Methods : This research was a cross-sectional study. This research had a population of 49 people. The sample was counted using a simple random sampling method and 44 people were obtained as samples. This study’s independent variables were individual characteristics (working period, age, sex, and marital status) and job stress as the dependent variable. Data collection methods for this study were interviews with a questionnaire guide. The data analysis technique used was Fisher's Exact. Results: The result of Fisher Exact statistical test showed that there was not any relation between working period and job stress (p = 0.170), age and job stress (p = 0.456), gender and job stress (p = 0.290), marital status and job stress (p = 1,000). Conclusion: It can be concluded that individual characteristics has no significant relationship with job stress on employees of the Quality Assurance and Quality Control division of PT. PAL Indonesia (Persero). Keywords: individual characteristics, job stress, quality assurance and quality control division
Essential Oil Chemical Composition of Annona muricata L. Leaves from Benin

Abstract Essential oils from leaves of Annona muricata L. were obtained by steam distillation with a very low percentage. Analysis made by GC and GC/MS showed the presence of 80 compounds. The most abundant constituents were β-caryophyllene (13.6%), δ-cadinene (9.1%), epi-α-cadinol (8.4%), α-cadinol (8.3%).
The Basic Values of Humanity in an Indonesian Language Textbook used in Junior High Schools

This study seeks to identify the basic values of humanity presented in the Indonesian language textbook used in Junior High Schools. This study used a qualitative approach, with a textbook as a case study (specifically the Indonesian language textbook for the seventh, eighth, and ninth grades). The data considered took the form of words, phrase, sentences, discourse, and pictures showing the basic values of humanity. Data was collected a questionnaire which was subsequently analyzed. First, data were firstly classified according to the taxonomy and characteristic. Then codes were assigned to the different classifications. Then referential comparison techniques were used to measure the structure of basic values of humanity in the textbooks. This was followed by the construction of a basic pattern and the validation of the data. The research identified fifteen main points, they were scientific perspective, materials concept explication, curriculum relevance, interesting, increasing motivation, stimulating students’ activities, illustrative, understandable, supporting the other subjects, respecting individual differences, stabilizing values, protecting men and women’s rights, appreciation towards achievements, supporting freedom of speech, and respecting the essence of human being. From those fifteen main points, four points need to be improved, they are: stimulating students’ activities, illustrative, protecting men and women’s rights, and supporting freedom of speech.
Microstructure Study of Poly(tert-butyl acrylate) by 13C NMR Spectroscopy

Abstract Two samples of poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PtBA) of different tacticity, prepared by free radical and anionic polymerization, were investigated by 13C NMR spectroscopy. It was found that the carbonyl signal of the 100 MHz 13C NMR spectrum of PtBA was sensitive to configurational effects and provided sufficient resolution to perform detailed analysis of sequence distribution at the pentad level taking into account some heptads. The line attribution has been verified by positive simulation of the spectrum.
Improving Winter Growth in the Citrus Nursery with LED and HPS Supplemental Lighting

Modern citrus nursery production makes use of potted-tree propagation in greenhouses. Supplemental lighting is one method by which nursery tree growth and profitability may be significantly improved, but limited specific information is available. Five replicated experiments were conducted to determine the utility and effects of increasing daylength during the winter months by supplemental illumination from light-emitting diode (LED) or high-pressure sodium (HPS) lights in citrus nursery propagation. Studies used ‘Valencia’ sweet orange scion, the most common citrus cultivar grown in Florida, and the commercially important rootstocks sour orange, ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin, ‘US-812’, ‘US-897’, ‘US-942’, and ‘US-1516’. Comparisons used the three common types of citrus rootstock propagation: seed, stem cuttings, and micropropagation. Six responses were measured in the lighting experiments, including vegetative growth before budding, scion bud survival, and scion bud growth after budding. Supplemental HPS or LED light to extend daylength to 16 h in the citrus nursery during short-day winter months was observed to be effective in increasing unbudded rootstock liner growth and ‘Valencia’ scion growth on all rootstocks and propagation types. Generally, the positive effect on vegetative growth from an increased daylength was stronger with the HPS light than with LED light, while increasing daylength with LED light, but not HPS light, provided some increased bud growth initiation. Use of HPS or LED supplemental lighting to extend daylength offers significant growth advantage for the citrus nursery industry in winter.
Transfer factor of radioactive cesium to forage corn (Zea mays L.) from soil to which contaminated farmyard manure had been applied

Abstract Radioactive cesium (Cs) deposited after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident contaminated farmyard manure (FYM) in the wide area surrounding the plant. We conducted a field trial to determine the transfer factor of radioactive Cs to forage corn (Zea mays L.) from soil to which the contaminated FYM had been applied. The main purpose of this experiment was to examine the behavior of the radioactive Cs from contaminated FYM that was incorporated in agricultural fields. Application of FYM containing 3900 Bq kg−1 dry matter (DM) of cesium-137 (137Cs) at a rate of 4.3 kg m−2 increased the 137Cs concentration in the soil by 64 Bq kg−1 dry soil, and in the forage corn by 9.2 Bq kg−1 DM. Therefore, we calculated the transfer factor to corn plants from the soil after application of contaminated FYM to be 0.14. This value is lower than that observed for soil to which uncontaminated FYM had been applied as a control, and it is within the range of reported soil-to-plant transfer factors of 0.003–0.49 listed in the recent parameter handbook by International Atomic Energy Agency. The increase in the radioactive Cs concentration in the corn plants, expressed as the sum of 137Cs and cesium-134 (134Cs), was only 3% of the 2012 provisional tolerance level for cattle roughage in Japan. Even though the application of contaminated FYM did not cause a large change in the radioactive Cs concentration in the corn plants in this trial, such application should be carefully controlled because it increased radioactive Cs concentrations in both soil and forage corn.
Morphological Features of Fruits of Various Species of Chilli Peppers

The research focused on Capsicum spp. collection (C. annuum L., C. baccatum L., C. chinense Jacq.) cultivated under green-house conditions and examined in the term of morphological characteristics of quantitative (6) and qualitative (4) traits. Aim of the study was to determine the variability in the morphological fruit characters of 28 cultivars. The results revealed considerable morphological variability between average weight of fruits (0.32–25.94 g), weight of peduncle (0.01–0.41 g), weight of exocarp (0.24–24.60 g), weight of seed (0.04–2.14 g), weight of ovary (0.17–4.92 g) and number seeds per fruit (14.2–185.8 pieces). A cluster analysis was carried out, and a dendrogram was established. With quantitative variables, 6 groups were obtained. Correlations between morphological variables were also estimated. There were highly significant differences for most quantitative characters. The study showed that the weight of fruits parameters is correlated with the variables related to the weight of exocarp and weight of ovary. High diversity based on qualitative traits was detected for the shape of fruits, the colour of fruits ect. Obtained results confirmed that chilli peppers are suitable germplasm for their cultivation and distribution as ornamental plants, their potential uses and benefits to mankind cover many areas processing into food and nutrition, cosmetics, plant-based insecticides, pharmaceutical or medicine products.
Geomagnetic Paleointensity Around 30 Ma Estimated From Afro‐Arabian Large Igneous Province

We conducted a geomagnetic paleointensity study of lava flows at ∼30 Ma distributed in the Lima‐Limo section of the Afro‐Arabian Large Igneous Province. The Tsunakawa‐Shaw method, which has built‐in low‐temperature demagnetization and double heating procedures, was applied to 120 specimens from 45 lava flows, successfully obtaining paleointensities from 75 specimens within 34 lava flows. We measured hysteresis loops and thermomagnetic curves to examine the influence of magnetic properties on the paleointensities but found no relationship between the paleointensities and the ratios of the hysteresis parameters. We calculated 27 flow‐level paleointensity means after excluding specimens that possibly contain titanomaghemite based on thermomagnetic curves. We observed cyclic changes of paleointensity in the lowest reversed magnetozone, which may reflect paleosecular variations. To estimate a representative virtual axial dipole moment (V(A)DM) at ∼30 Ma, we applied a flow‐level selection criterion depending on the specimen numbers. Eleven flow‐level means passed the criterion, which gave an averaged VADM of 4.2 ± 2.1 × 1022 Am2. This is similar to five averaged VADMs reported previously in the Late Cretaceous and the Cenozoic using the Tsunakawa‐Shaw method. We combined our data with available data between 25 and 35 Ma. We concluded that the mode of 4.4 × 1022 Am2 from 32 flow‐level means is representative of this period. This is close to two previously reported long‐term representative VADMs since the Jurassic.
Impacts of rainstorms on soil erosion and organic matter for different cover crop systems in the western coast agricultural region of Syria

More and more cultivated coastal territories of Syria are being affected by increasing land degradation processes, specifically, by soil erosion due to non‐sustainable soil management. The use of cover crops can be considered an ideal solution to reduce the negative impacts of extreme rainfall events on soil erosion. However, there is no enough information about the main cultivated areas of Syria due to the current conflicts and the very few types of research conducted there. Therefore, the main aim of this research was to assess soil erosion (soil loss and sediment concentration) and hydrological response (run‐off and infiltration) considering the impact of different types of cropping systems on soil organic matter. To achieve this goal, using erosion plots, five grouped natural rainfall events and soil samples were collected, and infiltration measurements were performed between November 2012 and April 2013 (rainy season) on three different cropping systems (wheat, vetch, bean and control) with different sloping gradients (8% and 20%) in Tartous governorate (W Syria). Our results showed a cumulative rainfall amount from 68.8 to 201 mm during the study period. The highest sediment yield was generated in the control and wheat plots, registering 0.468 and 0.368 kg m−2, respectively, with an inclination of 8%. For an inclination of 20%, the control and wheat plots registered 1.145 and 0.967 kg m−2, respectively. In comparison with the control plots, there was a decrease in the total eroded organic matter, which ranged from 0.0579 (control) to 0.0289 (bean) kg m−2 year−1 in the plots with 20% inclination, and from 0.0233 (control) to 0.0069 (bean) kg m−2 year−1 with 8% inclination. To sum up, bean and vetch play an effective role to mitigate soil erosion, delay run‐off and reduce sediment yield. The output of this research provides first insights into the impact of different land uses on soil loss. Also, it could help rural inhabitants and farmers to correctly manage their soils against soil erosion processes.
Dietary constraints of phytosaurian reptiles revealed by dental microwear textural analysis

Phytosaurs are a group of large, semi‐aquatic archosaurian reptiles from the Middle–Late Triassic. They have often been interpreted as carnivorous or piscivorous due to their large size, morphological similarity to extant crocodilians and preservation in fluvial, lacustrine and coastal deposits. However, these dietary hypotheses are difficult to test, meaning that phytosaur ecologies and their roles in Triassic food webs remain incompletely constrained. Here, we apply dental microwear textural analysis to the three‐dimensional sub‐micrometre scale tooth surface textures that form during food consumption to provide the first quantitative dietary constraints for five species of phytosaur. We furthermore explore the impacts of tooth position and cranial robustness on phytosaur microwear textures. We find subtle systematic texture differences between teeth from different positions along phytosaur tooth rows, which we interpret to be the result of different loading pressures experienced during food consumption, rather than functional partitioning of food processing along tooth rows. We find rougher microwear textures in morphologically robust taxa. This may be the result of seizing and processing larger prey items compared to those captured by gracile taxa, rather than dietary differences per se. We reveal relatively low dietary diversity between our study phytosaurs and that individual species show a lack of dietary specialization. Species are predominantly carnivorous and/or piscivorous, with two taxa exhibiting slight preferences for ‘harder’ invertebrates. Our results provide strong evidence for higher degrees of ecological convergence between phytosaurs and extant crocodilians than previously appreciated, furthering our understanding of the functioning and evolution of Triassic ecosystems.
Engineered Plant‐Based Nanocellulose Hydrogel for Small Intestinal Organoid Growth

Organoids are three‐dimensional self‐renewing and organizing clusters of cells that recapitulate the behavior and functionality of developed organs. Referred to as “organs in a dish,” organoids are invaluable biological models for disease modeling or drug screening. Currently, organoid culture commonly relies on an expensive and undefined tumor‐derived reconstituted basal membrane which hinders its application in high‐throughput screening, regenerative medicine, and diagnostics. Here, we introduce a novel engineered plant‐based nanocellulose hydrogel is introduced as a well‐defined and low‐cost matrix that supports organoid growth. Gels containing 0.1% nanocellulose fibers (99.9% water) are ionically crosslinked and present mechanical properties similar to the standard animal‐based matrix. The regulation of the osmotic pressure is performed by a salt‐free strategy, offering conditions for cell survival and proliferation. Cellulose nanofibers are functionalized with fibronectin‐derived adhesive sites to provide the required microenvironment for small intestinal organoid growth and budding. Comparative transcriptomic profiling reveals a good correlation with transcriptome‐wide gene expression pattern between organoids cultured in both materials, while differences are observed in stem cells‐specific marker genes. These hydrogels are tunable and can be combined with laminin‐1 and supplemented with insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐1) to optimize the culture conditions. Nanocellulose hydrogel emerges as a promising matrix for the growth of organoids.
EFFECT OF VARIOUS FOLIAR SPRAYS ON SOME FRUIT QUALITY ATTRIBUTES AND LEAF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF THE PEACH CULTIVAR ‘ANDROSS’

The effect of various products applied as foliar sprays on some fruit quality attributes and leaf nutritional status of the peach cultivar ‘Andross’ for a three year period is reported. Foliar application of all calcium (Ca) products plus boron (B), did not affect mean fruit weight compared to the control. Application of profical plus calcium phosphite plus power 7-B resulted in an increase of flesh firmness. Low flesh firmness was measured at the potassium nitrate (KNO3) and Chelan-K treatments. Foliar application of all Ca and K products did not alter significantly total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, and length and width of pits in comparison to the control. The highest amount of compact pits (without visual split) for the three year period was measured after foliar application of silene-K. Profical plus calcium phosphite plus power 7-B, and calcium chloride (CaCl2) plus power 7-B gave also good results for the three years. Foliar application of agriphos, chelan-K, silene-K, and KNO3 resulted in an increase of K concentration of leaves compared to the control. Foliar application of CaCl2, bcazin, power-Ca, profical and calcium phosphite plus profical resulted in an increase of Ca concentration of leaves compared to the control for all the years. The efficacy of the foliar sprays varied from year to year indicating the influence of the climatic conditions on tree nutrition.
A social support scale for music students in music schools, academies, and conservatories: An adaptation into Spanish and a factorial invariance study

Social support is one of the variables that exert the greatest influence on the motivation of music students, as well as on emotional aspects that affect their results. Research, however, is limited by the current scarcity of evaluation tools. This article thus presents the process of adaptation into Spanish of the Social Support Scale. We report on the elaboration of the questionnaire’s exact wording through direct and reverse translation. We subsequently present analysis of internal reliability and validity based on a sample of 668 music students in music schools and university-level music academies, aged 12–60 (mean 16.9). The study is complemented by an analysis of factorial invariance comparing secondary education and university. The results reproduce the social support factors stemming from parents and teachers; peer support is subdivided into two subcategories. Discrepancies with the original version are not so much due to the adaptation process, but can be attributed, for the most part, to differences between the sample compositions. Our results indicate that Spanish music students perceive a considerable amount of social support for their music learning activities; differences stand out, however, in terms of age, gender, and educational level.