Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interrogating Subsurface Structures Using Probabilistic Tomography: An Example Assessing the Volume of Irish Sea Basins

The ultimate goal of a scientific investigation is usually to find answers to specific, often low‐dimensional questions: what is the size of a subsurface body? Does a hypothesized subsurface feature exist? Existing information is reviewed, an experiment is designed and performed to acquire new data, and the most likely answer is estimated. Typically the answer is interpreted from geological and geophysical data or models, but is biased because only one particular forward function is considered, one inversion method is applied, and because human interpretation is a biased process. Interrogation theory provides a systematic way to answer specific questions by combining forward, design, inverse, and decision theories. The optimal answer is made more robust since it balances multiple possible forward models, inverse algorithms and model parametrizations, probabilistically. In a synthetic test, we evaluate the area of a low‐velocity anomaly by interrogating Bayesian tomographic results. By combining the effect of four inversion algorithms, the optimal answer is very close to the true answer, even on a coarsely gridded parametrization. In a field data test, we evaluate the volume of the East Irish Sea basins using probabilistic 3D shear wave speed depth inversion results. This example shows that interrogation theory provides a useful way to answer realistic questions about the Earth. A key revelation is that while the majority of computation may be spent solving inverse problems, much of the skill and effort involved in answering questions may be spent defining and calculating target function values in a clear and unbiased manner.
Collateral Status and Clinical Outcomes after Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients with Anterior Circulation Occlusion

Background Successful mechanical thrombectomy (MT) requires reliable, noninvasive selection criteria. We aimed to investigate the association of collateral status and clinical outcomes after MT in patients with ischemic stroke due to anterior circulation occlusion. Methods 109 patients with poor collaterals and 110 aged, sex-matched patients with good collaterals were enrolled in the study. Collateral circulation was estimated by the CT angiography with a 0–3 scale. The collateral status was categorized as poor collaterals (scores 0–1) and good collaterals (scores 2-3). The reperfusion was assessed by the modified Treatment in Cerebral Infarction scale (mTICI, score 0/1/2a/2b/3). The clinical outcomes included the scores on the modified Rankin scale (mRS, ranging from 0 to 6) and death 90 days after mechanical thrombectomy. Results Patients with greater scores of collateral status were more likely to achieve successful reperfusion (mTICI 2b/3). Patients with good collaterals were significantly associated with a higher chance of achieving mRS of 0–1 at 90 days (adjusted ORs: 4.55; 95% CI: 3.17–7.24; and P < 0.001) and a lower risk of death at 90 days (adjusted ORs: 0.87; 95% CI: 4.0%–28.0%; and P = 0.012) compared to patients with poor collaterals. In subgroup analyses, patients with statin use seem to benefit more from the effect of collateral status on good mRS (≤2). Conclusion Among patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by anterior circulation occlusion, better collateral status is associated with higher scores on mRS and lower mortality after mechanical thrombectomy. Statin use might have an interaction with the effect of collateral status.
“I’ll Be There”: Improving Online Class Attendance with a Commitment Nudge during COVID-19

Abstract Class attendance is an important predictor of academic success, but students encounter behavioral barriers preventing them from attending. In this experimental study, we investigated a commitment intervention to improve online attendance among university students (n = 973) during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the experimental condition, we asked students to commit to attending all classes and divided this group into students who made the commitment and those who did not commit. The data was analyzed from a psychological perspective (the effect on the individuals who responded positively to the commitment request) and a policy perspective (the effect for all individuals that received the request). No intervention effect was found when comparing students’ attendance in the experimental condition to the control condition, but students who made the commitment attended class more often than non-committing students and those in the control condition. Exploratory analyses revealed that the intervention effect was found in the course with lower attendance, indicating that a ceiling effect possibly prevented the intervention from showing results regarding attendance. However, exploratory analyses also revealed selection bias as a possible explanation for the effects. Additionally, the intervention backfired for non-committing students, reducing their attendance. Future research should focus on different strategies to improve online attendance.
Wake Structure of a 2MW Wind Turbine Measured Using an Instrumented UAV

Detailed, high-resolution measurements in the wake of two full-scale wind turbines at different complex terrain sites are reported. Measurements that detail the evolution of the wake are accomplished using a UAV that is equipped with a seven-sensor fast response aerodynamic probe for measurements of the wind speed and direction. In order to maximize the density of measurement data, optimized flight trajectories of the UAV are determined based on measurements of the UAV’s aerodynamics. The flow field measurements detail strong non-uniformities in the near wake. Close to the wind turbine, the tower and nacelle wakes are the main source of these flow field non-uniformities. Further more a strong upward motion of the flow is observed, it is shown that this upward motion is a consequence of the rotor’s non-uniform work extraction.
Research on the New Supplier Selection for Steel Pipe Logistic Company Through Flexism Simulation Software

This paper evaluates the influence of different new supplier to the original's efficiency of service,and then selects the appropriate supplier for a given steel pipe logistic company under current logistics capacity.Based on the description of the steel pipe company's logistic business procedure,we analysis the modeling method,basic steps and critical technique with Flexsim for simulating the logistic procedure,in order to exhibit the good performance of using Flesxim in logistic system simulating.
JAGAN: A Framework for Complex Land Cover Classification Using Gaofen-5 AHSI Images

Owing to their powerful feature extraction capabilities, deep learning-based methods have achieved significant progress in hyperspectral remote sensing classification. However, several issues still exist in these methods, including a lack of hyperspectral datasets for specific complicated scenarios and the need to improve the classification accuracy of land cover with limited samples. Thus, to highlight and distinguish effective features, we propose a hyperspectral classification framework based on a joint channel-space attention mechanism and generative adversarial network (JAGAN). To relearn feature-based weights, a higher priority was assigned to important features, which was developed by integrating a two-joint channel-space attention model to obtain the most valuable feature via the attention weight map. Additionally, two classifiers were designed in JAGAN: sigmoid was used to determine whether the input data were real or fake samples produced by the generator, while Softmax was adopted as a land cover classifier to yield the prediction type labels of the input samples. To test the classification performance of the JAGAN model, we used a self-constructed complex land cover dataset based on GaoFen-5 AHSI images, which consists of mixed landscapes of mining and agricultural areas from the urban-rural fringe. Compared with other methods, the proposed model achieved the highest overall classification accuracy of 86.09%, the highest kappa amount of 79.41%, the highest F1 score of 85.86%, and the highest average accuracy of 82.30%, indicating the JAGAN can effectively improve the classification accuracy for limited samples in complex regional environments using GF-5 AHSI images.
Where is psychoanalysis today? Sixty-two psychoanalysts share their subjective perspectives on the state of the art of psychoanalysis: A qualitative thematic analysis

Abstract Today it is still necessary and useful to deal with the empirical foundations and cultural dimensions of a discipline such as psychoanalysis that has played a vital role in shaping the contemporary world, on both sociocultural and clinical levels. This study aimed to describe and summarize the perspectives of experienced psychoanalysts on important aspects of psychoanalysis today. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 62 psychoanalysts. The interview data were processed using a theory-informed thematic analysis. There were 12 macro-themes: important aspects of psychoanalysis, important authors in psychoanalysis today, “contemporary psychoanalysis,” the proliferation of psychoanalytic “schools,” psychoanalytic identity and psychotherapy, psychoanalytic training, the Oedipus complex, dreams, the relationship between psychoanalytic theory and outcome and process research, the relationship between psychoanalysis and research in the neurosciences, empirically validated psychoanalytic concepts, and the marginalization of psychoanalysis. Our study revealed the image of a pluralistic psychoanalysis that the participants interviewed show they have, with various schools/definitions/sources, where Freud and the classical model are contested by numerous other approaches.
On sparsity‐inducing methods in system identification and state estimation

The purpose of this article is to survey some sparsity‐inducing methods in system identification and state estimation. Such methods can be divided into two main categories: methods inducing sparsity in the parameters and those sparsifying the prediction error. In the last class we discuss in particular the least absolute deviation estimator and its robustness properties with respect to sparse noise in both cases of univariate and multivariate measurements. We also discuss the application of sparsity‐inducing methods to switched system identification and to state estimation for linear systems in the presence sparse and dense measurement noises. While the presentation focuses essentially on bridging some existing results, some technical refinements, and new features are also provided.
Impaired glutamate reuptake induces synaptic mistuning in rat hippocampal slices, that can be counteracted by ketamine

Mistuning of synaptic transmission has been proposed to underlie many psychiatric disorders, with decreased reuptake of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate as one contributing factor. Synaptic tuning occurs through several diverging and converging forms of plasticity. By recording evoked field postsynaptic potentials in the CA1 area in hippocampal slices, we found that inhibiting glutamate transporters using DL-TBOA causes retuning of synaptic transmission, resulting in a new steady state with reduced synaptic strength and a lower threshold for inducing long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP). Moreover, we also found reduced threshold for LTP in a rat model of depression that has decreased levels of glutamate transporters. Most importantly, we found that the antidepressant ketamine counteracts the effects of increased glutamate on the various steps involved in synaptic retuning. We therefore propose that ketamine’s mechanism of action as an antidepressant is to restore adequate synaptic tuning.
Voltage equalization control algorithm for monitoring and balancing of series connected lithium-ion battery

Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) batteries are commonly used as automobile energy storage systems for powering applications due to their lucrative features. However, a battery management system with individual cell monitoring and balancing of Li-Ion batteries for long use and casualties' protection are still major issues in electric vehicle applications. This paper deals with the development of a voltage equalization control algorithm for individual cell monitoring and balancing of series connected Li-Ion battery cells. The developed states and sequences of the control algorithm manage the whole processes of battery cell monitoring, charging, and discharging, respectively. A charge equalization model is implemented with series connected 10 Li-Ion battery cells utilizing the developed control algorithm. Results show that charging and discharging, and cell balancing performance of the control algorithm are capable of quickly responding to reach the state of charge difference of 2.5% among all cells, defending the exist.
The Heat-Balance Integral and Its Application to Problems Involving a Change of Phase

An approximate mathematical technique utilizing the “heat-balance integral” is presented for solving for the location of the melt line in heat-conduction problems involving a change of phase. Analytical expressions are derived when (a) boundary temperature is fixed; (b) heat flux at boundary is given; (c) heat flux is generated aerodynamically or by radiation; (d) heat flux at boundary is given and melt is completely removed; (e) heat flux at boundary is given, and at time t0 melt begins to vaporize. Comparisons with known solutions have been made when available, and ultimately all the solutions are presented in graphical form.
Fault Location Identifications in HV Transmission Networks and Different MV Wind Farms Using Nonintrusive Monitoring Techniques

The transmission-line fault localization of high-voltage (HV) transmission networks and different medium-voltage wind farms is implemented using a global time–frequency analysis algorithm, energy-spectrum-based hyperbolic S-transform (HS), to extract the potential power signatures from monitoring nonlinear and nonstationary fault signals on HV power utility. An energy concentration algorithm transforms each HS coefficient into useful features to quantify various faulty events and reduce recognition algorithms’ inputs. Furthermore, the multiclass classifier processes fault location identification. The simulation results show that the proposed method achieves a high classification rate for considering fault inception angles and fault resistance uncertainty.
Bimetallic Copper-Silver Systems Supported on Natural Clinoptilolite: Long-Term Changes in Nanospecies Composition and Stability

Long-term changes in nanoparticles of copper-silver bimetallic systems on natural clinoptilolite obtained by ion exchange of Cu2+ and Ag+, and then reduced at different temperatures, have been studied. Even after storage under ambient conditions, XRD and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra indicate the presence of nanospecies of reduced copper and silver. Scanning Electron Microscopy of aged bimetallic samples, reduced at the highest temperature (450oC) and the primary samples for their preparation, also aged, showed the presence of silver nanoparticles with a size of about 100 nm. They are formed in the initial ion-exchanged sample (without reduction) due to the degradation of Ag+ ions. The nanoparticles in the reduced sample are larger; in both samples they are evenly distributed over the surface. The presence of silver affects the stability and the mechanism of decomposition/oxidation of reduced copper nanospecies, and this stability is higher in bimetallic systems. The decomposition pattern of recently reduced species includes the formation of smaller nanoparticles and few-atomic clusters. This can occur, preceding the complete oxidation of Cu to ions. Quasi-colloidal silver, which is present in fresh bimetallic samples reduced at lower temperatures, transforms after aging into Ag8 clusters, which indicates the stability of these nanospecies on natural clinoptilolite.
Marital satisfaction among diabetic partners: a cross-sectional study

This study aimed to determine marital satisfaction among diabetic partners and associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted for six months among couples with diabetic partners in Saudi Arabia. An electronic predesigned couple satisfaction questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire aimed to measure marital satisfaction among couples with a wife/husband diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. A total of 140 participants were included in the final analysis. Most couples did not complain of diabetic complications (84%) or diseases other than diabetes (78%). The mean satisfaction score concerning all aspects of marital life was 4.0 ± 0.9 out of 5, as most of the studied couples (65%) reported high satisfaction scores (≥ 4) regarding all aspects. Most couples were highly satisfied with their romantic relationships (68%), sharing family issues (59%), and general marital life aspects (70%). It could be concluded that diabetes in one partner does not affect marital satisfaction.
Safe from sunburn: The divergent diel pattern of a Hydrophis sea snake

Abstract Diel activity patterns are an important aspect of wildlife ecology and evolution and provide valuable information for conservation and monitoring, yet for many species, activity patterns remain unstudied and may be presumed to mirror related taxa. Here, we describe the distinct diel patterns of an endemic population of venomous sea snakes Hydrophis platurus xanthos inhabiting a narrow range (circa 320 km2) in Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. To investigate, we conducted a systematic visual survey over five 24‐h cycles and evaluated 339 h of previously obtained sighting data from different studies spanning a decade. While sporadic diurnal surfacing does occur, mostly for respiration, our observations revealed marked crepuscular peaks with regular surfacing through the night. We also report on observed surface behaviors that were also found to vary in frequency at different phases of the photoperiodic cycle. In particular, we show feeding as more common at night. Hydrophis platurus xanthos has developed a circadian rhythm that differs noticeably from its taxonomic parent (H. p. platurus is reported as diurnal across its Indo‐Pacific range), and no congeners have been categorized as crepuscular. Our work thus contributes to the ecological knowledge of this evolutionarily distinct marine elapid and offers insights into the potential role of environmental conditions in shaping animal activity.
Predictors of the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder following a motor vehicle accident: a path analytic approach | NOVA. The University of Newcastle's Digital Repository

Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) are ubiquitous events that often result in psychological distress. Identification of factors associated post-MVA psychopathology is important from a treatment perspective to reduce the burden on individual and community resources. The main aim throughout this thesis was to investigate the influence and interaction of pre, peri, and post-trauma factors on the development and maintenance of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and, in doing so, address some of the inconsistent findings from previous studies. The sample (n = 337, 54% female) comprised hospital accident and emergency attendees who completed a self-report postal screening survey approximately 1-month postaccident, follow-up surveys at 3-months (n = 128, 63% female) and 6-months (n = 58, 65% female) and a structured clinical interview at 9-months post-MVA (n = 51, 63% female). A path analytic approach, which facilitates the use of multiple dependent variables and mediation models, was used to investigate the proposed sequential interaction of pre, peri, and post-MVA factors on the development and maintenance of PTSD following an MVA. Results from the Phase 1 component of the study showed the important role of previous emotional vulnerability factors, and highlighted the mediating role of peritraumatic dissociative experiences, in the presence of extreme fear due to increasing levels of accident severity, on initial post-MVA distress. An exploratory component of this phase of the study showed that participants who were more fatigued at the time of the accident were more likely to experience peritraumatic dissociation.
Juvenile Barn Owl Tyto alba dispersal: a radio-tracking study of roost site selection in relation to landscape features

ABSTRACT Capsule Radio-tracking of 19 juvenile Barn Owls Tyto alba alba in England revealed different spatial patterns for males and females, that tree branches were frequent roost sites, and that altitudinal distribution changed after owls acquired home ranges. Aims To gain new understanding of the natal dispersal of Barn Owls by identifying roost sites and analysing their spatial pattern, site type, altitude, and location in relation to linear features. Methods Diurnal roost sites of 19 juvenile Barn Owls were located by radio-tracking in southwest England. We evaluated the possibility of sex-bias in natal and between-roost dispersal distances and tested for change in the site types used as natal sites and daytime roosts. We tested for differences in the altitude of roosts used during the dispersal phase and those used once the birds acquired a home range, and we analysed the location of roost sites in relation to major roads, railways, and rivers. Results Barn Owls commenced dispersal when they were between 63 and 122 days after hatching (median = 94). Roost sites used by females were more widely scattered than those used by males. Owls roosted most frequently in trees, despite most natal sites being in buildings. The altitude of roost sites during dispersal in elevated landscapes was higher than those on their acquired home range. We could find no evidence that owls followed linear features during dispersal, nor that hills were barriers to dispersal. Conclusion Post-fledging roosting behaviour of female and male Barn Owls differed spatially and was congruent with a wider pattern of sex-bias in avian natal dispersal. Frequent roosting on tree branches had implications for exposure to adverse weather. Some juveniles roosted at altitudes that were higher than subsequent roosts on their acquired home range. We found no evidence to support the proposal that linear landscape features constituted dispersal corridors.
The Immunologic Profile of Vitamin D and Its Role in Different Immune-Mediated Diseases: An Expert Opinion

Historically, vitamin D is recognized as an essential component for the maintenance of the musculoskeletal system. The immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in health and disease has gained much interest in recent years due to the many pathologies that share underlying immunological features where vitamin D has been shown to exert a potential role. Evidence from pre-clinical studies show that vitamin D elicits biological effects on both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Furthermore, in vivo studies have shown that administration of vitamin D can lead to changes in or the development of a range of immune-related diseases. This encourages the hypothesis that data derived from clinical and epidemiological studies connect vitamin D with the incidence and severity of many immune-mediated disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and infectious diseases. Since some other immune-mediated diseases share similar features to that of viral infection such as COVID-19, in this review, we examined these other areas and the role of vitamin D in these diseases.