Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae)

A skeletal world revision of the genus is presented to accompany a family account for Flora Malesiana. 82 species are recognised, of which 74 occur in the Malesiana region. Six species are described as new, one species is raised from infraspecific status, and five species are restored from synonymy. Many names are typified for the first time. Three widespread, or locally abundant hybrids are also included. Full descriptions are given for new (6) or recircumscribed (7) species, and emended descriptions of species are given where necessary (9). Critical notes are given for all the species. Little known and excluded species are discussed. An index to all published species names and an index of exsiccatae is given.
VIV simulation of riser-conductor systems including nonlinear soil-structure interactions

This paper presents a fully three-dimensional numerical approach for analyzing deepwater drilling riser-conductor system vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) including nonlinear soil-structure interactions (SSI). The drilling riser-conductor system is modeled as a tensioned beam with linearly distributed tension and is solved by a fully implicit discretization scheme. The fluid field around the riser-conductor system is obtained by Finite-Analytic Navier-Stokes (FANS) code, which numerically solves the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations. The SSI is considered by modeling the lateral soil resistance force according to nonlinear p-y curves. Overset grid method is adopted to mesh the fluid domain. A partitioned fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method is achieved by communication between the fluid solver and riser motion solver. A riser-conductor system VIV simulation without SSI is firstly presented and served as a benchmark case for the subsequent simulations. Two SSI models based on a nonlinear p-y curve are then applied to the VIV simulations. Also, the effects of two key soil properties on the VIV simulations of riser-conductor systems are studied.
Neighbourhood effects on social opportunities: the European and American research and policy context

In contemporary European and American urban policy and politics and in academic research it is typically assumed that spatial concentrations of poor households and/or ethnic minority households will have negative effects upon the opportunities to improve the social conditions of those who are living in these concentrations. Since the level of concentration tends to be correlated with the level of spatial segregation the ‘debate on segregation’ is also linked to the social opportunity discussion. The central question is “Do poor neighbourhoods make their residents poorer? ” (Friedrichs, 1998), i.e. does the neighbourhood structure exert an effect on the residents (behavioural, attitudinal or psychological) even when controlling for individual characteristics of the residents? The issue of neighbourhood effects on social opportunities of residents possesses rich geographical, sociological, economic and psychological dimensions, and as such has offered a locus for multi-disciplinary investigations on both sides of the Atlantic. Such diversity is amply demonstrated in this Special Issue of Housing Studies, with economists, geographers, planners and sociologists, hailing from Germany, the Netherlands, UK and USA, represented among the contributors. These diverse perspectives often intersect in two realms: spatial relationships and selective household mobility. The spatial focus of neighbourhood effect studies is clear, for example, in economic geographical studies about the spatial mismatch between demand and supply on the labour market (Kasarda et al., 1992). The thesis here is that economic restructuring has led to a situation in which the peripheral locations of suitable jobs for unskilled workers and inner-city residential locations of these potential workers have grown too far from each other to enable matching on a daily basis; this would aggravate the social conditions of those who live in inner-city areas. The spatial element is also evident in the research underpinnings of American housing policy aimed at changing the locations of low-income or minority households (Briggs, 1997; Del Conte & Kling, 2001; Katz et al., 2001; Ludwig et al., 2001; Rosenbaum, 1995; Rosenbaum et al., 2002). These American policies for changing the spatial distribution of the disadvantaged are related to European ideas about ‘mixed neighbourhood policies’ that nowadays receive considerable attention and critiques (Atkinson & Kintrea, 2001; Kearns,
The pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana for adults of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Conidia of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana were evaluated for activity against adults of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica, under laboratory conditions. The LC50 values 7 days after exposure to M. anisopliae and B. bassiana were 0.7 and 0.026 mg of conidia/100 adults, respectively at 22-24°C. A sharp increase in mortality was observed 3 and 4 days after treatment with either 10 mg of B. bassiana/100 adults or 10 mg of M. anisopliae/100 adults, respectively. The LT50 values at 10 mg/100 beetles for M. anisopliae and B. bassiana were 4.2 and 3.1 days. respectively. Onset of mortality was further delayed at lower dosages of both fungi. Mortality of adults that were exposed to beetles treated with 10 mg of conidia of M. anisopliae/100 adults immediately following application of conidia or 24 hrs posttreatment was an average of 60 and 43% cumulative mortality. respectively, within 9 days of exposure. Similar exposures of healthy adults to beetles that had been treated with 10 mg of B. bassiana conidia/100 adults resulted in an average of 79 and 43% cumulative mortality, respectively. Beetles killed either by M. anisopliae or B. bassiana and subsequently placed on damp soil manifested signs of patent infection with the fungi, with subsequent production of conidia. The infectivity of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana for adult Japanese beetles and the delay in mortality following treatment provide potential for dispersal of these entomopathogens within populations of P. japonica.
The Influence of Neural Reward Processing on Memory in Depression

THE INFLUENCE OF NEURAL REWARD PREOCESSING ON MEMORY IN DEPRESSION Nathan M. Hager Old Dominion University, 2019 Director: Dr. Matt. R. Judah Theories and research suggest that depression involves impaired reward sensitivity and a deficit in memory for rewarding stimuli. Some researchers propose that this memory deficit may result from reduced neural reward sensitivity, which impairs the encoding of reward-related memories, but few studies have directly probed this connection. Such research may benefit from examining the reward positivity (RewP), an event-related potential (ERP) previously linked to reduced reward sensitivity in depression. Undergraduates with high or low self-reported depression completed a task in which they chose one of three doors, revealing a neutral word written in a color which indicated an outcome of winning money, losing money, or neither (i.e., draw). A surprise source memory task presented the words again and asked participants to indicate the outcome previously paired with each word. Results showed that ERP response to reward was greater than loss, which was greater than draw, but no differences between depressed and non-depressed participants were observed. Reward source memory was more accurate than loss and draw source memory for non-depressed participants, but this advantage was not seen in depressed participants. The RewP did not correlate with source memory in either group. Overall, the results suggest that depressed individuals may lack a normative memory prioritization of reward-related information. The findings did not support an association between depression and the RewP or between the RewP and reward source memory. Results suggest that future research should include neutral trials along with reward and loss trials to better characterize the RewP.
Initiation and regulation of type 2 immunity and inflammation at mucosal sites

Identifying the cellular and molecular requirements for initiating and regulating type 2 immunity and inflammation is essential for the development of new vaccines against helminth parasites and treatments for atopic diseases. CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) are critical antigen-presenting cells (APCs) capable of priming and promoting the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells. However, the role of DCs in the initiation of Th2 cell differentiation following exposure to helminth parasites and allergens remains unclear. In Chapter 2, we examine the cellular requisites for initiating Th2 cytokine-dependent immunity and inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract utilizing infection with the helminth Trichuris muris. By genetic restriction of MHC class II expression to CD11c+ DCs we demonstrate that, in contrast to Th1-cytokine-mediated immunity, antigen presentation by CD11c+ cells is insufficient to generate protective type 2 immune responses in vivo, suggesting additional non-DC APC interactions may be required for Th2 cell differentiation. In Chapter 3 we identify basophils as a cell population that expanded following exposure to Trichuris and expressed both IL-4 message and MHC class II. Depletion of basophils resulted in impaired immunity to Trichuris and purified basophils promoted CD4+ T cell proliferation and Th2 cell differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Chapter 4 explores the regulation of type 2 immune responses in the intestine and lung by IL-31, a cytokine produced predominantly by Th2 cells that signals through a heterodimeric receptor composed of OSMR and IL-31Rα. IL-31Rα deficient mice exhibited enhanced Th2 cytokine production, elevated IgE levels and increased type 2 inflammation following both Trichuris infection and in an acute model of airway inflammation after exposure to Schistosoma mansoni eggs. Taken together, the results presented in this thesis demonstrate that DCs are not sufficient to promote Th2 cell responses in vivo during Trichuris infection and are the first report of an APC function for basophils in promoting Th2 cell responses. In addition, they identify a novel regulatory role for IL-31R in limiting the magnitude of Th2 cytokine-dependent immunity and inflammation. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Immunology First Advisor David Artis
STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS DAN KERAGAMAN PLANKTON ANTARA PERAIRAN LAUT DI SELATAN JAWA TIMUR, BALI DAN LOMBOK

A study of the plankton variability and their community structure in the Southern Coastal Area of East Java-Bali-Lombok was conducted to obtain the information of their characteristics and the status of microscopic marine organism in relation to the marine environment on the based of the biological observation. The results show that the marine environment ecologically was stable and productive due to the upwelling occurrence in the South East Monsoon. The plankton communities generally can be found consist of three classes of the phytoplankton (Cyanophyceae, Dinophyceae and Bacillariophyceaea) and two classes of zooplankton (Ciliata and Crustacea). There is no dominance of certain plankton in the observation area and the distribution among the species are relatively proportional.
Ameliorating Effect of Ginkgo biloba and Moringa oleifera Against Equigan Induced Testicular Toxicity and Oxidative Stress in Male Rat

Background: Steroid hormones are illegally administered to food-producing animalsfor their muscle-building and growth-enhancing properties. Equigan or Equigan is one of the steroid hormones that have androgenic activity and cause infertility. The present study was designed to investigate the possible effect of Equigan on the structure and functions of rat testes and the role of Moringa leaf extract (MLE) and Ginkgo leaf extract (GLE) in treatments. Methods: A total of 48 Healthy male albino rats weighing 170-200 g and of 10-12 weeks age were divided into 6 groups (8 animals each). 1st Control group includes animals that injected intramuscularly with olive oil. 2nd and 3rd groups were rats received MLE (intragastrically, 200 mg/kg body weight) and GLE (intragastrically, 200 mg/kg body weight) respectively. 4th experimental group include animals that receive intramuscular injections of Equigan (5 mg/Kg body weight) for 12 weeks; while 5th and 6th groups where rats intramuscular injected with Equigan and treated with MLE and/or GLE at the same time respectively. Results: The obtained results indicate that testosterone has a significant decreased in control, Moringa, and Ginkgo groups when compared with its value in Equigan treated group. Also, testosterone in Equigan treated group has increased level when compared with co treated groups with MLE and GLE, total antioxidant activity represented in catalase, super oxide dismutase (SOD) and total thiolin testicular tissue showed a significant increase in co-treated groups with MLE and GLE compared with their values in Equigan treated group. On the other hand, the oxidative stress parameters such as malondialdhyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) values showed a significant increase in Equigan treated group compared with their values co-treated groups with MLE and GLE. Conclusion: MLE and GLE has prophylactic roleon the biochemical and histopathological alteration in Equigan induced testicular toxicity in male rat.
A strategic approach to organisational entrepreneurship: Employees’ awareness of entrepreneurial strategy

The purpose of the paper is to explore employees? awareness of the entrepreneurial strategy in an organisation. We argue that employee awareness of the clarity and flexibility of entrepreneurial strategy differs depending on gender, age, seniority, education, and working experience. We provide a theoretical overview explaining the interaction between performance-oriented strategic management and entrepreneurship, based on organisational innovation. Our study delineates the specifics of a strategic approach to organisational-level entrepreneurship, explaining in depth the integration of entrepreneurship and strategy. The data was collected from a total of 39 managers and 50 employees holding non-managerial positions in 19 Serbian companies. The results of the analysis show a statistically significant difference in employees? awareness of the clarity and flexibility of entrepreneurial strategy, depending on gender, level of education, and seniority. The research presents empirically and theoretically substantiated evidence regarding the necessity to make entrepreneurial strategy an integral part of corporate strategy and to make employees aware of the relevance of strategy in achieving long-term competitive advantage. Based on these considerations the results are critically evaluated their implications and limitations are discussed, and avenues for further research are recommended.
Environmental consequences of intensively managed forest plantations in the Pacific Northwest

Environmental consequences of intensively managed forest plantations (IMFP) are manifested primarily through influences on biodiversity, soils, and water resources. These consequences may be positive, neutral, or negative, depending on the spatial and temporal context and site-specific details. Many aspects of environmental consequences of IMFPs are increasingly understood, but significant gaps in our knowledge remain. Societal environmental goals and objectives of IMFPs remain poorly articulated and fuel a lively, often heated, social dialogue that will likely continue for some time to come.
Inferring habitat and feeding behaviour of early Miocene notoungulates from Patagonia

Cassini, G.H. , Mendoza, M. , Vizcaino, S.F. & Bargo, M.S. 2011: Inferring habitat and feeding behaviour of early Miocene notoungulates from Patagonia. Lethaia, Vol. 44, pp. 153–165. Notoungulates, native fossil mammals of South America, have been usually studied from a taxonomic point of view, whereas their palaeobiology has been largely neglected. For example, morpho-functional or eco-morphological approaches have not been rigorously applied to the masticatory apparatus to propose hypothesis on dietary habits. In this study, we generate inferences about habitat and feeding preferences in five Santacrucian genera of notoungulates of the orders Typotheria and Toxodontia using novel computer techniques of knowledge discovery. The Santacrucian (Santa Cruz Formation, late-early Miocene) fauna is particularly appropriate for this kind of studies due to its taxonomic richness, diversity, amount of specimens recorded and the quality of preservation. Over 100 extant species of ungulates, distributed among 13 families of artiodactyls and perissodactyls, were used as reference samples to reveal the relationships between craniodental morphology and ecological patterns. The results suggest that all Santacrucian notoungulates present morphologies characteristic of open habitats’ extant ungulates. Although the Toxodontia exhibits the same morphological pattern of living mixed-feeders and grazers, the Typotheria shows exaggerated traits of specialized grazer ungulates. □Craniodental morphology, ecomorphology, fossil ungulates, knowledge discovery, South America.
Chemical and sensory characterization of plum spirits obtained from cultivar Cacanska Rodna and its parent cultivars

During the two-year research, a comparative analysis of the contents of 24 major volatile compounds and sensory characteristics of the plum spirits produced by spontaneous alcoholic fermentation of the plum mashes with or without stones from cultivar Cacanska Rodna and its parent cultivars ? Stanley and Pozegaca were carried out. The plum spirits obtained from Cacanska Rodna cultivar contain lower amounts of methanol, 1-hexanol, ethyl acetate and acetaldehyde and higher amounts of 3-methyl-1-butanol and 2-phenylethanol than the spirits from its parent cultivars. Contents of 1-propanol, 1-butanol and hexanoic acid in the spirits obtained from Cacanska Rodna cultivar were lower than the contents in the spirits from Pozegaca and higher than those in the spirits obtained from Stanley. The sensory quality of plum spirits, in addition to the cultivar, has been significantly influenced by the presence of stones in the mash during processing of plums into spirits. In processing plums with stones, the best-graded plum spirit was from Pozegaca (17.88), whereas in processing without stones, the best was Cacanska Rodna spirit (17.78). The spirits obtained from Stanley cultivar had the lowest sensory grades regardless of the processing method.
Tax Incentives or Subsidies for R&D?

This paper studies whether firms' use of R&D subsidies and R&D tax incentives are correlated to two sources of underinvestment in R&D, financing constraints and appropriability. We find that financially constrained SMEs are less likely to use R&D tax credits and more likely to obtain subsidies. SMEs using legal methods to protect their intellectual property are more likely to use tax incentives. Results are ambiguous for large firms. For both having previous experience in R&D increases the likelihood of using tax incentives, while it reduces the likelihood of using exclusively subsidies, suggesting that the latter induce entry into R&D. Results imply that direct funding and tax credits do not have the same ability to address each source of R&D underinvestment, and that on average subsidies may be better suited than tax credits at least for SMEs. From a policy perspective these tools may be complements rather than substitutes
Efecto de la ubicación y diámetro de la rama en tres genotipos promisorios de Myrciaria dubia (H.B.K.) "camu camu" para propagación vegetativa por acodo aéreo

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the location and diameter of the branch in three genotypes of camu camu using the technique of air layering on rooting and sprouting. The mother plants were bent and then rooted branches were transplanted following the design of randomized complete block with three replications. At 3 months after transplantation was the assessment of the variables, finding the best values for the number of roots to the middle third, thick diameter, Genotype MD-015 and the upper, thick diameter, Genotype MD-015 with 28.67 and 28.33 roots, respectively, in the variable length of the upper third roots, thick diameter, Genotype MD-015 showed the best results with 15.27 cm. Regarding the number of outbreaks upper, thick diameter, Genotype MD-014 and the upper, thick diameter, Genotype MD-015 achieved the best results with 13.00 and 12.67 outbreaks, respectively, in the length of shoots, the best treatment was the upper, thick diameter, Genotype MD-015 with 30.73 cm, and finally in the variable number of leaves / shoot highlights the upper, thick diameter, Genotype MD-014 and the upper, thick diameter, Genotype MD-015 with 15.10 leaves per shoot and 14.83, respectively. The results allowed identifying the upper, thick diameter, Genotype MD-015 as the best in terms of rooting and sprouting capacity.
Genetic structure of Polytrichum formosum in relation to the breeding system as revealed by microsatellites

Microsatellite variation was determined for three Danish and three Dutch populations of the haploid moss species Polytrichum formosum to gain insight into the relative importance of sexual vs. asexual reproduction for the amount and structure of genetic variation. In general, low levels of microsatellite variation were observed within this species. Even when estimated for polymorphic loci only, the levels of microsatellite variability (P=90.6, A=4.3 and HS=0.468) within populations were on average lower than those reported for most other plant species. In contrast, genotypic diversity was high within each of the examined populations, indicating that sexual reproduction is a very important determinant of the genetic structure of P. formosum within populations. In agreement with previous findings for allozyme data, no significant genetic differentiation (FST=0.028, RST=0.015) was observed neither between populations nor between regions approximately 450 km apart (Denmark vs. the Netherlands). These low levels of population differentiation observed for both types of genetic markers are probably best explained by a high level of effective spore dispersal (gene flow) between populations. Therefore, also on a large geographical scale sexual reproduction is the most important determinant of the genetic structure of P. formosum, despite the high potential to reproduce clonally.
Structural defence mechanisms in groundnut to rust pathogen

Five rust resistant genotypes of groundnut viz., EC 76446 (292), Nc Ac 927, Nc Ac 17090, PI 215696 and PI 350680 were screened along with two susceptible cultivars; SB XI and Robot 33-1 for morphological and anatomical features, using the sequential section cutting and whole mount technique. Inoculated leaves were examined for infection structures. Resistant genotypes were characterized by smaller sized stomata of low frequency, compact palisade layer, thicker epidermis-cum-cuticle layer and presence of trichomes on abaxial surfaces of leaves. Delayed appearance of visible pustules on the leaf surface was a result of delayed formation of infection peg, intercellular hypae, aggregation of mycelia and formation of subepidermal son. Resistance was characterized by intense callose depositions around the infection foci, while the deformities in subepidermal uredospores clearly indicated obstruction to visible pustule appearance on the leaves of resistant genotypes.