Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antihyperglycemic Activity, Antihyperlipedemic Activity, HepatoprotectiveActivity and Histopathological Analysis of Natural Honey in StreptozotocinInduced Diabetic Rats

Honey contains a variety of phytochemicals and other substances, such as organic acids, vitamins and enzymes, which may serve as a source for dietary antioxidants. Antioxidants shows improve insulin level and protect insulin resistant in diabetes mellitus. Honey bee venom reduces blood glucose level as well as lipid profile through increased insulin secretion and glucose take-up. For that reason, honey could be considered as a potential remedy for diabetes as well as Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). The objective of this study was to determine the medicinal activity of honey and its role on antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotechtive activity and histopathological analysis of natural honey in Streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats. The experimental rats were divided into six groups (n = 6). Diabetes Mellitus (DM) was induced by single intraperitoneal injection (65 mg/kg BW) of freshly prepared Streptozotocin hydrate solution in 0.9% saline solution. Hyperlipidemic was induced by mixture of cholesterol (1.5%) and cholic acid (0.5%) with diet of rats. At the end of treatment, the blood glucose level and lipid profile was measured by using commercial kits. Histopathology of liver and heart were performed of observed any changes in the cellular structures (degradation and regeneration) of the rats after receiving the sample for 28 consecutive days with respect to control group. Honey bee-treatment significantly decrease blood glucose level in diabetic rats. TC, TG, LDL, VLDL are significantly (p < 0.05) decrease whereas HDL significantly increase (p < 0.001). The SGPT and SGOT were significantly decrease (p < 0.05) which showed hepatoprotective activity of honey. Honey has favorable effect on the histopathological changes in Streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats. On the basis of above findings, it can be concluded that, supplementation of honey could significantly contribute to control blood glucose level as well as lipid profile in diabetic subjects. Honey showed prevent various complications of diabetes and improve some haematological parameters.
Metaphorical Extensions of the particle down in verb combinations

A metafora e mais um mecanismo de conceber o mundo do que meramente um dispositivo retorico. Os estudos em metafora tem sido inteiramente renovados desde 1980 e evidenciados pelo livro de Lakoff e Johnson (1980), intitulado Metaphors We Live by, que transformou os estudos base de metafora no campo linguistico. Eles interpretaram o sistema de metafora, que agora e conhecido como metafora moderna, sob uma perspectiva cognitiva e propuseram que a metafora e uma questao de pensamento e acao. A partir desta visao, e possivel analisar varias construcoes da lingua, tais como as combinacoes verbais que, por sua vez, possuem aspectos peculiares de composicao e significado. Deste modo, considerando os significados das concepcoes semânticas e metaforicas e baseando-se nos estudos desenvolvidos por Lakoff (1987), Grady (1997), Lakoff e Johnson (2003 [1980]), Rudzka-Ostyn (2003) e Pierozan (2016), este estudo visou analisar a questao do fenomeno: combinacoes verbais com a particula down a partir de uma perspectiva cognitiva. Assim, esperou-se examinar e descrever os usos metaforicos das combinacoes verbais encontradas a fim de checar seus tracos mais centrais e expandir o conhecimento no campo linguistico. Como modos de guiar o estudo, as seguintes questoes foram propostas: De onde os significados das top cinco combinacoes verbais com down no Corpus of Contemporary American English vem? Quais sao as extensoes metaforicas percebidas nas cinco mais frequentes combinacoes verbais achadas? Alem disso, os dados coletados do corpus foram analisados de forma qualitativa e foram empiricamente usados na analise das extensoes metaforicas de down de acordo com os cinco sentidos propostos por Rudzka-Ostyn (2003). Finalmente, e possivel argumentar que os sentidos e os esquemas que permeiam a particula e os verbos parecem exercer um papel decisivo na formacao do significado, e que a metafora e o que liga a transferencia conceptual do dominio concreto para o dominio abstrato. Ademais, tambem foi possivel concluir que os sentidos metaforicos, ou estendidos, sao mais recorrentes na lingua em uso.
Culture in English Language Classrooms: Emirati Students' and UAE Teachers' Perceptions

A Master of Arts thesis in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) by Kafayat Oluwafunmilayo Tijani entitled, "Culture in English Language Classrooms: Emirati Students' and UAE Teachers' Perceptions," submitted in May 2011. Available are both hard and soft copies of the thesis.
Vitamin E and depressive symptoms are not related.

Objective: To investigate the reported association between low vitamin E levels and depressive symptoms in a population-based study. Methods: The study is based on a cohort of 3884 adults aged 60 years and over who participated in the third survey of the Rotterdam Study, were screened for depressive symptoms with the Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and from whom blood was drawn. All screen-positive subjects had a psychiatric work-up. Blood levels of vitamin E were compared between 262 cases with depressive symptoms and 459 randomly selected reference subjects. All analyses were stratified by sex, and adjusted for age, cholesterol, cognitive score, smoking, dietary supplement use, marital status, living alone, and functional disability score. Results: Vitamin E levels in men with depressive symptoms were lower than in non-depressed men after adjusting for age, whereas no such difference was found in women. This association in men was substantially weakened after controlling for biological factors, and disappeared with additional adjustment for nutritional behaviour and social factors. No differences were observed when the analyses were restricted to cases with depression as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV. Conclusions: After control for several biological and behavioural factors relating to health we found no association between low vitamin E levels and depressive symptoms or depression in the elderly.  2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Bioprospecting Kitchen Refuse as a Suitable Substrate for Biogasification

Conventionally, methane nonproducing organic substrates such as kitchen refuse (KR) are amenable as biogasifiers, similar or even better than that of the naturally biogasifying cow dung (CD) through process modification. Comparative physicochemical and biological analyses revealed that KR had no methanogen and was low on amylase and cellulase positive and total microbial counts. It was observed that the pH level lowered further when the KR alone was biogasified, attributable to the accumulating volatile fatty acids, which indicates the failure of the last and final step of biomethanation. Study of the raw and digested forms of KR, CD, and kitchen refuse fortified with cow dung (KC) revealed that there was a net percentage decrease in dry matter (70.00, 94.33, and 88.88, respectively), total dissolved solids (1, 1.5, and 1.5, respectively), and phosphate contents (12, 19, and 20, respectively), indicating an optimal microbial activity in all the substrates. Although digestion rate in CD was better than that in KR, KC exhibited an enhanced digestion rate over KR attributable to the process being facilitated by increased microbial counts; amylase-, cellulase-, and lipase-positive microbes; and methanogens. Furthermore, the active methanogens in CD inoculum (in KC) facilitated biomethanation by better utilizing the volatile fatty acids that ensured better stability in the pH level throughout. The cumulative biogas production values were 1281, 4448, and 3256 cm3 in KR, CD, and KC, respectively. Methane production started by the seventh day in CD and KC and reached up to 63.65% and 53%, respectively, by the 21st day in batch operation. Thus, KR is a promising candidate for biogasification, thereby opening a plethora of opportunity to utilize the technology even in urban and periurban locations that are low on cattle resources albeit rich in other organic refuse. There is a necessity to estimate the biomethanation potentials of various other available organic refuse.
A Prominent Increase in Slow Wave Sleep after PAP Therapy

Sleep disturbances are common in patients with chronic pain syndrome, and coexistent obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in such patients could further compromise the quality of sleep and increase sleep fragmentation. Here we present an unusual case of profound increase in slow wave sleep as noted during the sleep study and discuss the potential causes for this observed polysomnograhic phenomenon.
Métodos de enseñanza en Educación Física: desde los estilos de enseñanza hasta los modelos pedagógicos

Existe entre los profesionales de la Educacion Fisica, una falta de consenso en la interpretacion de los distintos terminos que forman parte de la metodologia de ensenanza. El centro de interes se centra, ademas, en conocer que procedimientos son los mas adecuados para dar respuesta a las necesidades del alumnado y a las demandas formativas que impone la sociedad del momento. A lo largo de las ultimas decadas han surgido diferentes metodos de ensenanza como los Estilos de Ensenanza, los Modelos de Ensenanza, los Modelos Curriculares, los Modelos de Instruccion y los Modelos Pedagogicos. Estos ultimos representan una estructura que integra el caracter social-civico de la pedagogia con los procesos y procedimientos de la didactica, adaptados a las necesidades e intereses del alumnado, asi como al contexto en el cual se integran como personas y en el cual se les forma para contribuir como ciudadanos. No todos los modelos pedagogicos pueden ser aplicables a cualquier contexto sociocultural. Se hace necesario el desarrollo de Modelos Pedagogicos Hibridos que permitan satisfacer las necesidades de los estudiantes en contextos concretos. El objetivo de este analisis bibliografico fue clarificar la definicion de los principales terminos relacionados con la metodologia de ensenanza; asi como plantear los nuevos metodos que se emplean en la Educacion Fisica.
Cephalometric findings in a normal Nigerian population sample and adult Nigerians with unrepaired clefts.

: Cephalometric values have been established for twenty adult Nigerians, three adults with unrepaired unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA) and two adults with unrepaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Normal values for SNA and SNB were 85.5 degrees +/- 3.5 and 82.7 degrees +/- 3.2 respectively, and the mean ANB values were 3.1 degrees +/- 0.8. The cephalometric data for unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA) subjects whose clefts were not repaired until adulthood did not differ significantly from normal controls. However, in two adults with unrepaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), the SNA values were less than normal controls and the ANB values were reduced to negative levels. Bimaxillary protrusion of the incisors appears to be a normal feature in Nigerians. There appears to be inhibition of maxillary growth in UCLP patients but not in UCLA cases.
Kidney Injury Molecule 1: A potential biomarker of renal injury in the cat

KIDNEY INJURY MOLECULE 1: A POTENTIAL BIOMARKER OF RENAL INJURY IN THE CAT Susan Karlyn Bland Advisor: University of Guelph, 2014 Dorothee Bienzle The prevalence of both acute and chronic kidney disease in animals and people is increasing. Increased serum creatinine concentration indicates a decline in renal function but is insensitive for diagnosing acute kidney injury (AKI). As such, there is need to develop sensitive biomarkers of renal injury. At the fore in human medicine is a biomarker of acute renal tubular injury called kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). KIM-1 is a cell membrane glycoprotein with an extracellular domain that is shed from proximal tubular kidney cells and detectable in urine after ischemic and toxic renal injury. KIM-1 was undetectable in normal human urine, but presence in urine correlated with immunohistochemical detection of KIM-1 in injured tubular epithelial cells. For these reasons, KIM-1 was considered a good candidate to investigate as a biomarker of kidney injury in cats. Alignment of KIM-1 sequences from human, rat, dog, and mice indicated a high degree of identity between species and conservation of a cytoplasmic tyrosine motif. Primers based on the conserved regions were used to amplify feline KIM-1 genomic and renal cDNA sequences. PCR assays used to amplify feline KIM-1 revealed the presence of three transcript variants derived by alternative splicing with exon-intron organization similar to KIM-1 orthologous sequences. KIM-1 was detected by IHC in tubules of the cortex and outer stripe of the outer medulla in cats with suspected naturally occurring AKI and cats with experimental unilateral ischemia/reperfusion. The same cells also expressed aquaporin 1, confirming expression of KIM-1 in the proximal convoluted tubules. Further, KIM-1 expression correlated positively with tubular injury scores and vimentin expression in the injured proximal tubules. Available urine immunoassay to rat Kim-1 yielded positive reactions with urine from 11 cats. In conclusion, feline KIM-1 is similar but not identical to human KIM-1. Expression is increased in cats with naturally occurring and experimental kidney injury, and KIM-1 may be detected in urine. KIM-1 is expressed predominantly in cells of the S3 segment of proximal tubules, and appears to persist during dedifferentiation and repair of injured cells. Hence, detection of KIM-1 in urine is a promising indicator of kidney injury in cats.
The effects of therapist training and experience on the outcomes of psychological therapy within an NHS setting

Background: This study is based on the notion that client therapy outcomes are dependent, in part, on who the therapist is and not on the techniques they use or what theoretical model is drawn upon to conceptualise the presenting difficulties. Research going back decades has shown that some therapists are better than others at gaining positive outcomes. Additionally, a range of specific therapist characteristics have been shown to contribute to such outcomes. However, the two most controversial variables to have been investigated are therapist training and level of experience; to date the research findings have not clearly demonstrated that either training or experience make a practitioner more effective with clients. This study thus set out to explore the differences in effectiveness between therapists on client outcomes in the context of a British, NHS setting. In addition to this, the study also investigated the specific effects of therapist training and experience. Methodology: This study examined data collected on 109 clients seen by 9 therapists over a five year period. The study incorporated client pre and post scores on the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation questionnaire (CORE: CORE Systems Group, 1998), and therapist information obtained from an ‘in service audit questionnaire’. A series of Analysis of Co-variances (ANCOVA) were conducted. Results and Discussion: The study findings showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the therapist’s levels of effectiveness. This result indicates that each of the therapists were as equally effective in gaining positive outcomes. Additionally, no statistical support was gained for the influence of either therapist training or experience on therapeutic outcomes. The implications of the study findings as well as the study limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
PRESCRIPTION PATTERN ANALYSIS OF ANTIDEPRESSANTS IN PSYCHIATRIC OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT OF TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN INDIA

ABSTRACT Objectives: (1) To study the prescription pattern of antidepressants in treatment of depression in psychiatry outpatient department of tertiary care hospital in India, (2) to find the change in drug therapy during last 1 year of the treatment (old patients), (3) to study reason for a change in drug therapy, and (4) to calculate prescribed daily dose (PDD) of the individual drugs. Methods: It was cross-sectional single centered observational study with a sample size of 284 cases. Case record forms were filled from case paper. Results were analyzed. Results: Monotherapy was practiced in 259 patients, i.e., 91.19% of the study population. A maximum number of patients (n=159, 55.98%) received escitalopram monotherapy. Polytherapy was practiced in 25 (8.8%) patients. Out of 160 old cases, 9 patients required a change in drug therapy either in the form of drug or dose. PDD values were escitalopram: 12.30, fluoxetine: 18.43, paroxetine: 25, sertraline: 96.35, amitriptyline: 57.79, imipramine: 5.75, and mirtazapine: 17.67. Conclusion: From our study, it is concluded that the incidence of depression is more in females. Selective serotonin receptor inhibitors were the most common class of drugs used followed by tricyclic antidepressants. Escitalopram was most frequently prescribed antidepressant followed by amitriptyline. The prescription trend was toward monotherapy. Most patients continued treatment on the same medication. The poor therapeutic response was the most common reason for drug change. Keywords: Depression, Prescribed daily dose, Defined daily dose.
SCREENING FOR CARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE IN VOLUNTEERS

Objectives: To study the incidence of carcinoma of the prostate in a community population and to evaluate parameters such as prostatic specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE). Material and Methods: Prostate carcinoma first round screening was planned for community men between 40 and 70 years old. One thousand and seventy-nine volunteers were evaluated by DRE and PSA. Two hundred and thirty-five volunteers with PSA greater than 4.0 ng/ml, positive DRE or both were refereed to prostrate biopsy in sextant guided by transrectal ultrasound. Results: Of 136 (57.6%) men that agreed with the biopsy 27 (2.5%) had tumor and 10 (0.9%) had isolated prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). No men under 50 years had cancer but in 2 of them, PIN was detected. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value for total PSA and DRE were respectively: 81.4%, 92.7% and 24.1%, and 74.0%, 94.4% and 27.4%. Clinical staging showed disease confined to the gland in 92.5% of patients. Thirteen of these patients were submitted to radical prostatectomy, which revealed that 61.5% of them had tumor stage lower than pT3. Conclusions: The incidence of prostate cancer detected in this first round screening program is within the range previously reported. The PSA cut-off at 4.0 ng/ml for this community showed sensitivity, specificity and predictive positive values within the range published by many centers.
Association between Glycemic Control and Hematologic Indices in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

This article is available from http://www.labmedonline. org 2016, Laboratory Medicine Online This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by impaired glucose regulation and various complications. It is known that chronic inflammation and platelet activation play a role in development of insulin resistance or diabetic complications. This study investigated whether hematologic parameters are useful for monitoring blood glucose regulation or complications in DM patients. Methods: Total 90 diabetic patients were divided into two groups according to their hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels: 59 regulated DM patients with HbA1c levels<7% and 31 unregulated DM patients with HbA1c levels≥7%. Results: White blood cell counts (P =0.021), neutrophil counts (P =0.005), monocyte counts (P =0.040), neutrophil % (P =0.042) and the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (P =0.032) were significantly higher in the unregulated DM group compared to that in the regulated DM group. There were no differences in lymphocyte counts, lymphocyte %, monocyte %, mean neutrophil volume, mean monocyte volume, platelet count, and mean platelet volume between groups. Neutrophil counts and NLR were higher in unregulated DM patients with complications than in the regulated DM group. A positive correlation was observed between HbA1c and white blood cell count (r=0.389, P <0.001) and neutrophil count (r=0.361, P <0.001). Conclusions: In DM patients, neutrophil counts and NLR were related to glycemic control and the presence of complications. Additionally, neutrophil counts showed a positive correlation with HbA1c. Therefore, neutrophil counts and NLR can be used as related markers for diabetic regulation and complications during the follow-up of diabetic patients.
Effects of Standardized Extract of Ginseng (G115) on Biomarkers of Systemic Low-Grade Inflammation in Patients with Type 2 diabetes: A Double-blind Clinical Trial

Introduction:Systemic Inflammation plays a crutal play in the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with Type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of standardized extract of ginseng (G115) in Biomarkers of Systemic Low-Grade Inflammation in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This randomized, double-blind trial was performed on 40 patients with type 2 diabetes (28 females and 12 males) were randomly assigned to two groups. Group one were given 300 mg (3×100 mg capsules) standardized extract of ginseng, while group 2 took placebos. After eight weeks, anthropometric indices, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), interleukin 6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) and high sensitive C- Reactive Protein (hsCRP) were studied. Results: In the present study, no significant differences were observed in anthropometric indices, glycated hemoglobin and TNFα in the intervention and placebo groups before and after intervention. At the end of the study, a significant reduction was observed in IL6 (8.43± 1.17 vs. 6.79±1.39 ng/L) and hsCRP (3.61±0.49 vs. 3.03±0.33 mg/dL) in the treatment group. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in IL6 (6.79±1.39 vs. 7.85±0.69 ng/L) and hsCRP (3.03±0.33 vs. 3.49±0.39 mg/dL) between the intervention and placebo groups at the end of the study. Conclusions: Administration of standardized ginseng extract for eight weeks caused reductions in IL6 and hsCRP in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, administration of standardized extract of ginseng may play an effective role in the management of these patients.