Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alteration of Lipid Metabolism in Prostate Cancer: Multifaceted Oncologic Implications

Cancer is increasingly recognized as an extraordinarily heterogeneous disease featuring an intricate mutational landscape and vast intra- and intertumor variability on both genetic and phenotypic levels. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most prevalent malignant disease among men worldwide. A single metabolic program cannot epitomize the perplexing reprogramming of tumor metabolism needed to sustain the stemness of neoplastic cells and their prominent energy-consuming functional properties, such as intensive proliferation, uncontrolled growth, migration, and invasion. In cancerous tissue, lipids provide the structural integrity of biological membranes, supply energy, influence the regulation of redox homeostasis, contribute to plasticity, angiogenesis and microenvironment reshaping, mediate the modulation of the inflammatory response, and operate as signaling messengers, i.e., lipid mediators affecting myriad processes relevant for the development of the neoplasia. Comprehensive elucidation of the lipid metabolism alterations in PCa, the underlying regulatory mechanisms, and their implications in tumorigenesis and the progression of the disease are gaining growing research interest in the contemporary urologic oncology. Delineation of the unique metabolic signature of the PCa featuring major aberrant pathways including de novo lipogenesis, lipid uptake, storage and compositional reprogramming may provide novel, exciting, and promising avenues for improving diagnosis, risk stratification, and clinical management of such a complex and heterogeneous pathology.
An investigation into the durability of screen-printed conductive tracks on textiles

This paper examines the durability of screen-printed conductive tracks on textiles. These tracks are composed of a silver polymer paste as a conductive layer, which is fully encapsulated with polyurethane. The polyurethane materials and layer structures used to encapsulate the textile are varied and each structure is tested in a cyclic mandrel machine to simulate the effects of normal wear and tear. These results are compared to a MATLAB model of the strain in the conductive track, relating the predicted strain on the conductive layer to the measured resistance change. From these results, a batch of structures with high durability are fabricated and these are machine washed. It was found that 97.1% of the conductive tracks remained conductive after ten domestic machine washes with a 1 kg load at 40 °C and 1000 rpm spin speed. This compares with 8.9% which remained conductive before optimization. This optimization process has therefore led to over ten times improvement in durability for screen-printed conductive tracks on textiles.
Hierarchical galaxy formation : overmerging and the formation of an X-ray cluster

We simulate the formation of a moderately rich cluster in a cold dark matter universe using a technique which allows us to follow both the dark matter and the baryonic gas. Gas is able to shock-heat, and to cool by Compton scattering and collisional radiation. Our initial condition is taken from a large dissipationless simulation carried out by White et al. (1987), and we are able to follow the evolution of the cluster in its proper cosmological context by using a multimass grid technique to represent the gravitational field of external matter. We take 9% of the mass to be in the form of gas. Just over one-third of this gas cools to form dense compact lumps as the cluster evolves
Phytotoxic Action of Silver Nanoparticles on Lemna minor: Multi-Parameter Analysis of Different Physiological Processes

Considering the widespread use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their consequent build-up in waterways, there is a concern about the hazardous effect of AgNPs for aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of the action of AgNPs on duckweed (Lemna minor L.) by evaluating multiple parameters in different physiological processes. Duckweed was treated with AgNPs in a concentration range of 0.5 to 5 mg/L over a 7-day period. The analysis revealed that the AgNP-treated duckweed accumulated Ag in accordance with increasing AgNP concentrations. Furthermore, higher concentrations (2 and 5 mg/L) of AgNPs negatively affected N, P and especially K and Mg levels in the plant tissue. Accordingly, the plant growth and photosynthetic parameters were more inhibited in response to higher concentrations of AgNPs. Nanosilver significantly increased the generation of ROS at higher concentrations, although lipid peroxidation was significant even at the lowest concentration of AgNPs. However, defense mechanisms were able to counteract AgNP-induced oxidative stress and balance the intracellular redox status, as evidenced by increased activities of the main detoxification enzymes. With this experimental setting, AgNPs exhibited a relatively weak phytotoxicity at 0.5 and 1 mg/L; nevertheless, silver in a nano form poses a hazard for plants, considering its continuous release into aquatic environments.
Partial Two-Stage Exchange for Infected Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Treatment to Take into Account

Introduction: Two-stage revision is the gold standard for chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). The removal of well-fixed implants, especially the femoral component, can be extremely difficult and additional osteotomies may be needed, which is time-consuming and results in bone stock loss. When the femoral stem is osseointegrated, there is no clear indication for the use of partial two-stage revision. The primary objective was to assess infection eradication after surgery. Methods: Retrospective study of specific case series. A total of eight patients with a chronic uncemented PJI, in the setting of complex revision surgeries, were treated with partial two-stage revision, which included selective retention of the well-fixed femoral component and complete acetabular removal. Stem retention was carried out regardless of the bacteria or associated comorbidities. Results: All patients were re-revision cases with at least two previous surgeries (range, 2–4). Complex revisions were performed in five cases (non-articulated spacer) and simple revisions in three cases (articulated spacer). The minimum follow-up time was 24 months (range, 24–132 months). The infection eradication rate at final follow-up was 100%. Conclusion: Partial two-stage reconstruction is a promising technique for the treatment of chronic PJI in patients with a well-fixed stem and complex re-revision acetabular procedures. Further prospective studies and prolonged follow-ups are required to confirm our results.
Vancomycin Flight Simulator: A Team-Based Learning Exercise

BACKGROUND: Team-based learning (TBL) encourages learners to think critically to solve problems they will face in practice. Pharmacokinetic dosing and monitoring are complex skills requiring the application of learned knowledge. The study sought to assess the impact of a TBL, vancomycin dosing activity in a Pharmaceutical Skills IV course measured with exam question performance during the second professional year. METHODS: This retrospective, descriptive study relates a TBL activity, assigned to 85 students, which included an individual student pre-preparation quiz, assigned readings, in-class individual and team-based readiness assessments, small group application of a vancomycin patient case, and group discussion/feedback on clinical decisions with supportive reasoning. The class year before and class year of the TBL implementation were compared using the total percentage of points possible earned by the class years, by topic. To minimize potential confounding, the primary outcome was the change in topic performance by the rank difficulty (e.g., the largest possible benefit being the hardest topic becoming the easiest with no other variation in topic rank difficulty). RESULTS: In the year of implementation, the mean individual readiness assurance test (IRAT) performance was 5.5 ± 1.88 (10 points possible, 55%). The mean team readiness assurance test (TRAT) performance was 10 of 10 points possible (100%). The class exam item performance in the year before (n = 101) and year of (n = 84) TBL implementation showed a general decline in exam scores. However, the vancomycin topic difficultly went from fifth easiest, to second easiest, with less than 1% change in raw score. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a pharmacokinetic TBL activity appeared to moderately support the students’ vancomycin learning. Additional studies are warranted on APPE readiness and performance.
Association between microbial community composition and quality indicators of strong-flavor Daqu of different producing regions in China

ABSTRACT High-throughput sequencing was used to elucidate the microbial community of strong-flavor Daqu (SFD) (surface and central parts) produced in different Chinese regions, moisture and other six kinds of quality indicators of SFD were detected. In addition, Spearman correlation coefficient was used to identify the relationships between microbial community and quality indicators. In different sample groups of surface and central parts, the differential fungal genus was Alternaria, whereas differential bacteria genera were Weissella, Pediococcus and Leuconostoc. Spearman analysis showed that fungal genera Rhizopus, Stemphylium, and Alternaria were significantly positively correlated with saccharifying ability (p < .01), whereas Rasamsonia was significantly positively correlated with esterification ability (p < .01). Weissella, Pediococcus and Burkholderia were the bacterial genera significantly positively correlated with saccharification ability of SFD samples (p < .01). This study provides a reference for investigating the relationship between microbial community and quality indicators of SFD.
Application of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring (IONM) of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve during Esophagectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (RLNP) is a common and severe complication of esophagectomy in esophageal cancer (EC). Several studies explored the application of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) in esophagectomy to prevent RLNP. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the value of IONM in esophagectomy for EC. Methods: an electronic of the literature using Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science (data up to October 2022) was conducted and screened to compare IONM-assisted and conventional non-IONM-assisted esophagectomy. RLNP, the number of mediastinal lymph nodes (LN) dissected, aspiration, pneumonia, chylothorax, anastomotic leakage, the number of total LN dissected, postoperative hospital stay and total operation time were evaluated using Review Manager 5.4. 1. Result: ten studies were ultimately included, with a total of 949 patients from one randomized controlled trial and nine retrospective case–control studies in the meta-analysis. The present study demonstrated that IONM reduced the incidence of RLNP(Odds Ratio (OR) 0.37, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.26–0.52) and pneumonia (OR 0.58, 95%CI 0.41–0.82) and was associated with more mediastinal LN dissected (Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) 4.75, 95%CI 3.02–6.48) and total mediastinal LN dissected (WMD 5.47, 95%CI 0.39–10.56). In addition, IONM does not increase the incidence of aspiration (OR 0.4, 95%CI 0.07–2.51), chylothorax (OR 0.55, 95%CI 0.17–1.76), and anastomotic leakage (OR 0.78, 95%CI 0.48–1.27) and does not increase the total operative time (WMD −12.33, 95%CI −33.94–9.28) or postoperative hospital stay (WMD −2.07 95%CI −6.61–2.46) after esophagectomy. Conclusion: IONM showed advantages for preventing RLNP and pneumonia and was associated with more mediastinal and total LN dissected in esophagectomy. IONM should be recommended for esophagectomy.
Pathological Features and Clinical Characteristics of Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease: A Tertiary Hospital Experience in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Background Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) - also known as necrotizing histiocytic lymphadenitis - is a benign histiocytic lymphadenitis known for its low incidence and misdiagnosis that occurs mostly in young Asian females more than males. This disease resolves spontaneously in a few months with a low risk of relapse (one in 30 patients) after resolution. Objectives The aim of this study is to share King Abdulaziz Medical City's (KAMC's) experience with KFD by determining its clinicopathological characteristics. Materials and methods In this study, we reviewed histopathological slides and pathological reports of all lymphadenopathy cases (683 cases) in the period between January 2008 and December 2018. Results Forty-four cases of KFD were found and their clinicopathological characteristics were recorded. There is a slight female predominance (59% females versus 41% males) with a wide age range from 10 months to 97 years (mean = 28.8). The majority of the cases (63.6%) are seen in young adults (between 21 and 40 years). Association with autoimmune diseases was shown by 20.5% of cases while viral infection association was shown by few cases. Most cases showed remission (59%) and no deaths were reported upon follow-up. Histopathologically, the majority of cases have proliferative type followed by the necrotic type and few cases showed xanthomatous type. Conclusions Our study has the largest number of KFD cases in this region. It is obvious that KFD has clinical, radiological, and pathological features that overlap with malignancy, especially lymphoma. Knowing this disease and careful diagnostic approach can help avoid misdiagnosis.
Radio-frequency characterization for the single-walled carbon nanotubes

Carbon nanotube (CNT) has a potential to be used as nanoscale transmission lines and as high-performance passive components in nanoelectronics. In this letter, we discuss single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) that were grown using a chemical-vapor deposition technique. Both the dc and ac two-terminal resistances were measured and analyzed. The transmission properties of the SWNTs were shown by comparing the S parameters of a device with CNTs with those of a device without a CNT. The radio-frequency characterization of the CNTs was carried out using the network analyzer to frequency of 20GHz.
Prostaglandin production in brain endothelial cells during the initiation of fever

ABSTRACT The initiation of fever has been a matter of controversy. Based on observations of little or no induction of prostaglandin synthesizing enzymes in the brain during the first phase of fever it was suggested that fever is initiated by prostaglandin released into the circulation from cells in the liver and lungs. Here we show in the mouse that prostaglandin synthesis is rapidly induced in the brain after immune challenge. These data are consistent with our recent findings in functional experiments that prostaglandin production in brain endothelial cells is both necessary and sufficient for the generation of all phases of fever.
A comprehensive two‐moment warm microphysical bulk scheme. I: Description and tests

A bulk microphysical scheme which predicts the concentrations and mixing ratios of cloud droplets and raindrops is presented. The scheme draws its originality from the use of generalized gamma law as basis functions for the drop size distributions and also from the attention paid to performing analytical integrations of most of the microphysical transfer rates. The numerical representation of each process has been reviewed throughout and specific tests have been made to evaluate separately the accuracy of the scheme compared with a bin‐size model. The scheme, which depends on the specification of a few input parameters shaping the activation spectrum, is incorporated in a three‐dimensional non‐hydrostatic model with some applications given in a companion paper (Part II).
Infrared Spectroscopy of Seyfert 2 Galaxies: A Look through the Obscuring Torus? II.

High-resolution J-band and K-band spectra of a sample of 33 Seyfert 2 galaxies are presented. Two of these galaxies were also observed in the L band. These data are used to look for broad Paβ, Brγ, and Brα lines, in search of broad-line regions (BLRs) that are hidden by dust at optical wavelengths. Obscured BLRs are confirmed for three previously reported discoveries, and the new data suggest possible BLR detections in as many as six additional Seyfert 2's. Our results are consistent with the standard torus model if the transition zone located between the optically thin “throat” of the torus and the optically thick core is rather extended. The dusty wind model of Königl & Kartje can also explain the data. Comparisons of the broad-line and narrow-line extinctions indicate that the BLRs are considerably more obscured than the narrow-line regions (NLRs). This result agrees with the predictions of both the torus and dusty wind models, where the dust is located between the NLR and the BLR. Comparisons of the column depths to the BLRs with the column depths determined from X-ray data show a general tendency for the objects with detected broad recombination lines to have lower X-ray columns. A large scatter exists between the infrared and X-ray columns depths, however. Fluctuations in the properties of the nuclear gas (e.g., metallicity or gas-to-dust ratio) or differences in the distributions of the ionized and neutral gas components can easily account for this scatter. The widths of broad Paβ and Brγ lie on the narrow end of the distribution for Seyfert 1 galaxies. The dereddened broad Hβ luminosities predicted from the broad infrared lines are similar to the broad Hβ luminosities of normal Seyfert 1's, and so are the ratios of the hard X-ray flux to the predicted broad Hα flux. In objects with a BLR detected through both infrared spectroscopy and spectropolarimetry, the broad infrared lines often are an order of magnitude stronger than the values expected from the scattered flux. The infrared spectra were also used to assess the origin of the [Fe II] and H2 emission in Seyfert 2 galaxies. The present data rule out the possibility that the [Fe II] emission is produced solely from a circumnuclear starburst. Shocks associated with nuclear outflows are a likely source of both [Fe II] and H2, although photoionization by the nuclear continuum may also contribute to the [Fe II] emission, and X-ray heating may play a role in producing the H2 emission.
Elastic scattering of electrons from krypton and xenon

Results are given for the low-energy elastic scattering of electrons from krypton and xenon. The calculations were carried out by treating exchange exactly and including only the dipole part of the polarisation potential. Values are given for the phaseshifts, differential, total elastic and momentum transfer cross sections. Comparison are given with recent experimental and theoretical work for these processes.
Further developments on the robustness of Clevenson-Zidek-type means estimators

Abstract Tsui (1984) showed that many Clevenson—Zidek-type Poisson means estimators are better than the usual estimator under the normalized squared error loss (1.1), even when the underlying distributions are negative binomial. This article shows that this dominance result is still true when the underlying distributions belong to a much larger class of distributions. This class includes all mixtures of Poisson distributions, and hence the negative binomial result is a very special case.
Effects of sample size and nonnormality on the estimation of mediated effects in latent variable models.

A Monte Carlo approach was used to examine bias in the estimation of indirect effects and their associated standard errors. In the simulation design, (a) sample size, (b) the level of nonnormality characterizing the data, (c) the population values of the model parameters, and (d) the type of estimator were systematically varied. Estimates of model parameters were generally unaffected by either nonnormality or small sample size. Under severely nonnormal conditions, normal theory maximum likelihood estimates of the standard error of the mediated effect exhibited less bias (approximately 10% to 20% too small) compared to the standard errors of the structural regression coefficients (20% to 45% too small). Asymptotically distribution free standard errors of both the mediated effect and the structural parameters were substantially affected by sample size, but not nonnormality. Robust standard errors consistently yielded the most accurate estimates of sampling variability.
Convective cell generation by kinetic Alfven wave turbulence in the auroral ionosphere

Modulation of convective cells by kinetic Alfven wave (KAW) turbulence is investigated. The interaction is governed by a nonlinear dispersion relation for the convective cells. It is shown that KAW turbulence is disrupted by excitation of the large-scale convective motion through a resonant instability. Application of the results to the auroral ionosphere shows that cross-scale coupling of the KAW turbulence and convective cells plays an important role in the evolution of ionospheric plasma turbulence.
MYOSIN LIGHT CHAIN KINASE DELETION WORSENS LUNG PERMEABILITY AND INCREASES MORTALITY IN PNEUMONIA-INDUCED SEPSIS

ABSTRACT Increased epithelial permeability in sepsis is mediated via disruptions in tight junctions, which are closely associated with the perijunctional actin-myosin ring. Genetic deletion of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) reverses sepsis-induced intestinal hyperpermeability and improves survival in a murine model of intra-abdominal sepsis. In an attempt to determine the generalizability of these findings, this study measured the impact of MLCK deletion on survival and potential associated mechanisms following pneumonia-induced sepsis. MLCK−/− and wild-type mice underwent intratracheal injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Unexpectedly, survival was significantly worse in MLCK−/− mice than wild-type mice. This was associated with increased permeability to Evans blue dye in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid but not in tissue homogenate, suggesting increased alveolar epithelial leak. In addition, bacterial burden was increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Cytokine array using whole-lung homogenate demonstrated increases in multiple proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in knockout mice. These local pulmonary changes were associated with systemic inflammation with increased serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 and a marked increase in bacteremia in MLCK−/− mice. Increased numbers of both bulk and memory CD4+ T cells were identified in the spleens of knockout mice, with increased early and late activation. These results demonstrate that genetic deletion of MLCK unexpectedly increases mortality in pulmonary sepsis, associated with worsened alveolar epithelial leak and both local and systemic inflammation. This suggests that caution is required in targeting MLCK for therapeutic gain in sepsis.
On the stability of viscous free–surface flow supported by a rotating cylinder

Using an adaptive finite–element (FE) scheme developed recently by the authors, we shed new light on the long–standing fundamental problem of the unsteady free–surface Stokes flow exterior to a circular cylinder rotating about its horizontal axis in a vertical gravitational field. For supportable loads, we observe that the steadystate is more readily attained for near–maximal fluid loads on the cylinder than for significantly sub–maximal loads. For the latter, we investigate large–time dynamics by means of a finite–difference approximation to the thin–film equations, which is also used to validate the adaptive FE simulations (applied to the full Stokes equations) for these significantly sub–maximal loads. Conversely, by comparing results of the two methods, we assess the validity of the thin–film approximation as either the load is increased or the rotation rate of the cylinder is decreased. Results are presented on the independent effects of gravity, surface tension and initial film thickness on the decay to steady–state. Finally, new numerical simulations of load shedding are presented.