Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increased in-vivo tibiofemoral cartilage contact deformation in anterior cruciate ligament-deficiency

, Abstract Objective— To investigate the in-vivo cartilage contact biomechanics of the tibiofemoral joint following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Methods— Eight patients with an isolated ACL injury in one knee and the contralateral side intact participated in the study. Both knees were imaged using a specific MR sequence to create three-dimensional knee models of bone and cartilage. Next, each patient performed a lunge as images were recorded with a dual fluoroscopic system from 0° to 90° of flexion. The three-dimensional knee models and fluoroscopic images were used to reproduce the in-vivo knee position at each flexion angle. With these series of knee models, the location of tibiofemoral cartilage contact, size of contact area, cartilage thickness at the contact area, and magnitude of cartilage contact deformation were compared between the intact and ACL-deficient knees. Results— Rupture of the ACL changed the cartilage contact biomechanics from 0° to 60° of flexion in the medial knee compartment. The location of peak cartilage contact deformation on the tibial plateaus was more posterior and lateral; the contact area was smaller; the average cartilage thickness at the tibial cartilage contact area was thinner; and the resultant magnitude of cartilage contact deformation was increased, compared with the contralateral knee. Similar changes were observed in the lateral compartment, with increased cartilage contact deformation from 0° to 30° of knee flexion in ACL deficiency. Conclusion— cartilage contact biomechanics, by shifting the contact location to smaller regions of thinner cartilage, and increasing the magnitude of cartilage contact deformation. in a knee joint at risk for osteoarthritis remain unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that rupture of the ACL changes the cartilage contact biomechanics of the tibiofemoral joint, with a resultant increase in the magnitude of cartilage contact deformation. We used a combined dual fluoroscopic and MR imaging technique to analyze the effects of ACL deficiency on the location of tibiofemoral cartilage contact, the size of contact area, the cartilage thickness at the contact area, and the magnitude of cartilage contact deformation during in-vivo weight bearing knee flexion from 0° to 90°.
Hypoglycemia Detection

Insulin-induced hypoglycemia is a life-threatening iatrogenic phenomenon that activates multiple neural and humoral corrective systems. When blood glucose levels begin to fall below 80 mg/dL, a sequential series of events occurs. Insulin secretion ceases; secretion of glucagon, epinephrine (E), corticosterone, and growth hormone is initiated, and neurogenic systems trigger food intake. All of these responses are recruited when glucose decreases to approximately 60 mg/dL. Together, these corrective responses (counter-regulatory responses or CRR) rapidly restore euglycemia. Unfortunately, however, the magnitude of the CRR decreases with recurring hypoglycemic episodes, leading to a syndrome known as hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (HAAF). During HAAF, glucose levels can fall dangerously low without eliciting the behavioral signs that usually accompany hypoglycemia. HAAF is the major limiting factor of the intensive insulin therapy needed to control the deleterious effects of diabetic hyperglycemia (1, 2). In order to understand and develop therapies for HAAF, it is critical to understand the mechanisms underlying hypoglycemia detection and initiation of the CRR.
Partial TMR method for on‐orbit processors based on PageRank algorithm

On-orbit processors generally require reinforcement due to the harsh space radiation environment. Although the traditional full triple modular redundancy (TMR) method can effectively reinforce circuits, it requires excessive physical footprints and energy consumptions. To address this problem, this Letter proposes a general partial TMR method that can effectively reinforce a circuit. The method is based on the PageRank algorithm for sorting the importance of the triggers in a circuit, and the mean time between failure based on the dual logic cone model is used as the criterion to determine triggers that require redundancy under the partial TMR method. The arithmetic module of an optical image processing platform is tested to verify the effectiveness of the partial TMR method proposed in this Letter.
Invited Editorial: Prenatal Screening for Hemoglobinopathies

The papers by Rowley and co-workers (Loader et al. 1991; Rowley et al. 1991a, 1991b) in this issue of the Journal investigated the feasibility of prenatal education, testing, and counseling of pregnant women for hemoglobinopathies in blacks, whites, Asians, and other ethnic groups. In order to place the papers in perspec-tive, I will first review hemoglobinopathy testing in the United States. The papers by Rowley and co-work-ers will then be analyzed. Next, social factors which may complicate prenatal genetic screening in the United States will be considered. Finally, by comparison, some prenatal thalassemia screening programs in Canada, Italy, and Greece will be mentioned.
Performance of hCG curves in women at risk for ectopic pregnancy: exceptions to the rules

, Abstract Objective— To investigate the accuracy of serial hCG to predict outcome of a pregnancy of unknown location in an ethnically and geographically diverse setting. Design— Multi-site cohort study Setting— University hospital Patients— Women with a pregnancy of unknown location Interventions— None Main outcome measures— Patients were followed until diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy (EP), intrauterine pregnancy (IUP), or miscarriage. To predict outcome, observed hCG was compared to recommended thresholds to assess deviation from defined normal curves. Predicted outcome was compared to standard of care. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and accuracy were calculated, stratified by diagnosis. Results— The final diagnosis 1,005 patients included 179 EPs, 259 IUPs, and 567 miscarriages. The optimal balance in sensitivity and specificity used the minimal expected two-day rise in hCG of 35%, and the minimal two-day decline in hCG of 36–47% (depending on the level) achieving 83.2% sensitivity, 70.8% specificity to predict EP. However 16.8% of EPs and 7.7% of IUPs would be misclassified solely using serial hCGs. Consideration of a third hCG and early ultrasound decreased IUP misclassification to 2.7%.
FDG-Aufnahme bei primären Plattenepithelkarzinomen im Kopf-/Halsbereich

Aim: This study aimed at assessing the relationship between over-expression of glucose transporters and hexokinases, tumour proliferation and apoptosis corrected for cellularity and partial volume corrected (pvc) FDG SUV values in primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (pSCCHN). Patients, methods: In 27 consecutive patients suffering from pSCCHN, FDG SUVmax and mean pvc values of the primary tumour were derived from a pre-surgical routine staging FDG PET/CT examination. GLUT-1, GLUT-3, HK-1, HK-3 expression, tumour proliferation (Ki-67 staining) and the number of apoptotic cells (cleaved caspase-3 staining), corrected for tumour cellularity, were subsequently assessed on the corresponding post-surgically obtained biopsies and tumour specimens. FDG SUVmax and mean pvc values of pSCCHN were correlated with the corresponding histological findings. Results: FDG SUV max and mean pvc values correlated significantly: with GLUT-1 scores r = 0.408 (p = 0.04) and r = 0.439 (p = 0.03) as well as with the number of apoptotic cells r = 0.529 (p = 0.008) and r = 0.484 (p = 0.017). The number of apoptotic cells also correlated to GLUT-3 scores: r = 0.62 (p = 0.001) and GLUT-1 scores r = 0.528 (p = 0.008). Conclusion: FDG SUV pvc proved significantly related to GLUT-1 expression by tumour cells and to the absolute number of apoptotic cells. The latter finding warrants further exploration and confirmation by additional studies.
The spatial and temporal behavior of brightness temperature in Tel-Aviv and its application to air temperature monitoring

This study applies remote sensing technology to assess and examine the spatial and temporal Brightness Temperature (BT) profile in the city of Tel-Aviv, Israel over the last 30 years using Landsat imagery. The location of warmest and coldest zones are constant over the studied period. Distinct diurnal and temporal BT behavior divide the city into four different segments. As an example of future application, we applied mixed regression models with daily random slopes to correlate Landsat BT data with monitored air temperature (Tair) measurements using 14 images for 1989–2014. Our preliminary results show a good model performance with R 2 = 0.81. Furthermore, based on the model’s results, we analyzed the spatial profile of Tair within the study domain for representative days.
Rotenone Activates Phagocyte NADPH Oxidase through Binding to Its Membrane Subunit gp91 phox

Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, reproduces Parkinsonism in rodents and associates with increased risk for Parkinson’s disease. We previously reported rotenone increased superoxide production through stimulating microglial phagocyte NADPH oxidase (PHOX). The present study identified a novel mechanism by which rotenone activates PHOX. Ligand-binding assay revealed that rotenone directly bound to membrane gp91 phox , the catalytic subunit of PHOX; such binding was inhibited by diphenyleneiodonium, a PHOX inhibitor with a binding site on gp91 phox . Functional studies showed both membrane and cytosolic subunits were required for rotenone-induced superoxide production in cell-free systems, intact phagocytes, and COS7 cells transfected with membrane subunits (gp91 phox /p22 phox ) and cytosolic subunits (p67 phox and p47 phox ). Rotenone-elicited extracellular superoxide release in p47 phox -deficient macrophages suggested rotenone enabled to activate PHOX through a p47 phox -independent mechanism. Increased membrane translocation of p67 phox , elevated binding of p67 phox to rotenone-treated membrane fractions, and co-immunoprecipitation of p67 phox and gp91 phox in rotenone-treated wild-type and p47 phox -deficient macrophages indicated p67 phox played a critical role in rotenone-induced PHOX activation via its direct interaction with gp91 phox . Rac1, a Rho-like small GTPase, enhanced p67 phox -gp91 phox interaction; Rac1 inhibition decreased rotenone-elicited superoxide release. In conclusion, rotenone directly interacted with gp91 phox ; such an interaction triggered membrane translocation of p67 phox , leading to PHOX activation and superoxide production. (10 µM) were added as indicated. Occurrence of p67 phox and p47 phox in membrane fractions was detected by western blot assays. The ratios of densitometry values of p67 phox or p47 phox relative to gp91 phox (used as a membrane marker) were normalized to vehicle-treated control. Experiments have been performed at least four times. *, # , P < 0.05 and **, P < 0.01 were considered statistically significant.
The Association Between Problem Gambling and Conduct Disorder in a U.S. National Survey of Adolescents and Young Adults

Purpose: The purpose of this analysis is to examine the relationship between current problem gambling and current conduct disorder. Method: Data were analyzed for a U.S. national survey of respondents age 14-21. Results: A strong co-morbidity between current problem gambling and current conduct disorder was found. However, this co-morbidity was much stronger among younger respondents, declined in strength with increasing age, and was absent among the oldest respondents. Further analyses showed that early-onset problem gamblers had a higher risk for conduct disorder than late-onset problem gamblers. Conclusions: Gambling problems which emerge early are likely to be part of a general pattern of problem behavior, while gambling problems that emerge later may have an etiology unique to gambling.
Prostate Cancer: Quality of Life, Psychosocial Implications and Treatment Choices

The current review summarizes some of the key psychosocial issues related to prostate cancer both generally and for an older adult population. The review focuses on three main areas: (1) quality of life issues, (2) psychosocial implications and (3) treatment choices. More generally, the article presents information on the general background, screening guidelines, common side effects of treatment, and current psychiatric and psychological management strategies in prostate cancer. The article addresses the clinical approaches as well as the complexities that surface when deciding the treatment for patients with prostate cancer. Clinical and future implications are discussed.
fMRI brain activation in bipolar mania: Evidence for disruption of the ventrolateral prefrontal-amygdala emotional pathway

Background— Bipolar I disorder is defined by the occurrence of mania. The presence of mania, coupled with a course of illness characterized by waxing and waning of affective symptoms, suggests that bipolar disorder arises from dysfunction of neural systems that maintain emotional arousal and homeostasis. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study manic bipolar subjects as they performed a cognitive task designed to examine the ventrolateral prefrontal emotional arousal network. Methods— We used fMRI to study regional brain activation in 40 DSM-IV manic bipolar I patients and 36 healthy subjects while they performed a continuous performance task with emotional and neutral distracters. Event-related region-of-interest analyses were performed to test the primary hypothesis. Voxelwise analyses were also completed. Results— Compared with healthy subjects, the manic subjects exhibited blunted activation to emotional and neutral images, but not targets, across most of the predefined regions of interest. Several additional brain regions identified in the voxelwise analysis also exhibited similar differences between groups, including right parahippocampus, right lingual gyrus, and medial thalamus. In addition to these primary findings, the manic subjects also exhibited increased activation in response to targets in number of brain regions that were primarily associated with managing affective stimuli. Group differences did not appear to be secondary to medication exposure or other confounds. Conclusions— Bipolar manic subjects exhibit blunted brain fMRI response to emotional cues throughout the ventrolateral prefrontal emotional arousal network. Disruption of this emotional network may contribute to the mood dysregulation of bipolar disorder.
Social Environment Alters Central Distribution of Estrogen Receptor- α in Juvenile Prairie Voles

It is well established that social environment, particularly isolation, has a significant impact on social behaviors and neuroendocrine responses. Estrogen receptor alpha (ER α ) expression in limbic structures and associated nuclei is related to the display of social behaviors. We hypothesized that the stress of isolation would cause changes in the pattern of ER α expression in the brain. Using a highly social (typically monogamous and biparental) rodent species, the prairie vole ( Microtus ochrogaster ), we housed juvenile voles with a sibling, stranger or in isolation for either 4 days or 21 days. Housing manipulations began following weaning from parents and group housed siblings. Rodents may be especially sensitive to manipulations of their social environment during this juvenile period. In particular, female prairie voles are induced ovulators, reliant upon exposure to an unrelated male (male urine) to become reproductively active. ER α immunoreactivity was quantified in the medial preoptic area (MPOA), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST), ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) and medial amygdala (MeA). Significantly fewer ER α immunoreactive (ER α -ir) cells were labeled in the MPOA and BST of females isolated for 21 days compared with stranger housed females. Non-significant differences were shown in the VMH and MeA of females. No differences were found in voles isolated for 4 days. These results suggest that female prairie voles may be more sensitive than males to manipulations of their social environment during the juvenile period.
Psychotropic Medication Nonadherence Among United States Latinos: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Results and Conclusions—In studies including Latinos and other ethnic groups, mean nonadherence rates were 41%, 31%, and 43% among Latinos, Euro-Americans, and African Americans respectively, with an overall effect size of 0.64 between Latinos and Euro-Americans. In studies including only Latinos, the mean nonadherence rate was 44%. Ten of 16 studies found Latinos had significantly lower adherence rates than Euro-Americans. Risk factors for nonadherence included being monolingual Spanish speaking, lacking health insurance, experiencing barriers to quality care, and having lower socioeconomic status. Protective factors included family support and psychotherapy.
Relationship between Age and pre-End Stage Renal Disease Care in Elderly Patients Treated With Hemodialysis

Receipt of pre-end-stage renal disease (ESRD) clinical care can improve outcomes for patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). The study addressed age-related variations in receipt of a composite of recommended care to include nephrologist and dietician care and use of arterio-venous fistula at first outpatient MHD. Less than 2% of patients treated with MHD received all three forms of pre-ESRD care, and 63.3% received none of the three elements of care. The mean number of pre-ESRD care elements received by the oldest group (≥80 years) did not differ from the youngest group (<55 years), but was less than the 55-66 and 67-79 years groups; adjusted ratios of 0.93 (0.92-0.94; p<0.001) and 0.94 (0.92-0.95; p<0.001), respectively. A major effort is needed to ensure comprehensive pre-ESRD care for all patients with advanced CKD, especially for the youngest and oldest patient groups, who were less likely to receive recommended pre-ESRD care.
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of PTSD in Residents of Battered Women Shelters: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial

Objective— This study was designed to explore the acceptability, feasibility, and initial efficacy of a new shelter-based treatment for victims of intimate partner violence (IPV; i.e., HOPE). Method— A phase I randomized clinical trial comparing HOPE ( n = 35) to standard shelter services (SSS) ( n = 35) was conducted. Primary outcome measures included the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) and the Revised Conflict Tactic Scales. Participants were followed at 1-week, 3- and 6-months post-shelter. Results— Participants reported HOPE to be credible and indicated a high degree of satisfaction with treatment. Only two women withdrew from treatment. Both intent to treat (ITT) and minimal attendance (MA) analyses found that HOPE treatment relative to SSS was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of re-abuse over the 6-month follow-up period (OR = 5.1, RR = 1.75; OR = 12.6, RR = 3.12, respectively). Results of hierarchical linear model (HLM) analyses found a significant treatment effect for emotional numbing symptom severity in the ITT sample, t (67) = − 2.046, p <. 05, and significant treatment effects for effortful avoidance symptom severity, t (49) = − 2.506, p < . 05 and arousal symptom severity, t (49) = − 2.04, p <. 05, in the MA sample. Significant effects were also found for depression severity, empowerment, and social support. Conclusions— Results support the acceptability and feasibility of HOPE and suggest that HOPE may be a promising treatment for IPV victims in shelter. However, results also suggest that modifications to HOPE may be required to improve treatment outcomes.
Regulation of Immunoglobulin (1g)E Synthesis in the Hyper-IgE Syndrome

The hyper-IgE (HIE) syndrome is characterized by high IgE serum levels, chronic dermatitis, and recurrent infections. The mechanisms responsible for hyperproduction of IgE in HIE patients are presently unknown. We investigated whether spontaneous in vitro IgE synthesis by PBMC from seven HIE patients was sensitive to signals (cell adhesion, T/B cell cognate interaction and lymphokines: IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-'y) known to regulate IgE induction in normals. Our results show that, unlike IL4 dependent IgE synthesis induced in normals, spontaneous IgE production by PBMC from HIE patients was not blocked by monoclonal antibodies to CD2, CD4, CD3, and MHC class II antigens. Furthermore, antibodies to IL-4 and IL-6 did not significantly suppress IgE production. IFN-y had no significant effects on spontaneous in vitro IgE synthesis. To test whether an imbalance in lymphokine production might underlie hyperproduction of IgE in HIE patients, mitogen-in-duced secretion of IL4 and IFN-'y by PBMC was assessed. No significant difference was detected between HIE patients and normal controls. Thus, ongoing IgE synthesis in the HIE syndrome is largely independent of cell-cell interactions and endogenous lymphokines, and is due to a terminally differen-tiated B cell population, no longer sensitive to regulatory signals. (J. Clin. Invest. 1990. 85:1666-1671.) interleukin 4 interleukin 6 - interferon-'y - B cell differentiation * cell-cell interactions IgE
Discordance between Adolescent Real and Ideal Sex Partners and Association with STI Risk Behaviors

, Abstract Purpose— Epidemic levels of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among urban youth have drawn attention to the potential role of sex partner selection in creating risk for STIs. The objectives of this study were to describe the ideal preferences and real selection of sex partners, to evaluate sex partner ideal vs. real discordance using quantitative methods and to determine the association between discordance and STI risk behaviors. Methods— Data are from an urban, household sample of 429 15–24 year olds. Trait clusters were developed for participants’ ratings of their real and ideal sex partners and tested for reliability. Discordance between the ratings of real and ideal partners was measured. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between sex partner discordance and STI risk behaviors. Results— Real sex partners ratings were often lower than participants’ ideal sex partner ratings. Thirty-three percent of males and 66% of females were discordant on at least one trait cluster. Males discordant on the emotional support they expected of their partner were more likely to report >2 sex partners in the past 90 days (OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.06, 4.26) and perceived partner concurrency (OR=3.85, 95% CI: 1.53, 9.72). For females, discordance on fidelity or emotional support significantly increased the odds of all risk behaviors. Conclusions— Male and female adolescents with discordant real and ideal sex partner ratings were more likely to report STI-related risk behaviors. Next steps should involve identification of factors associated with ideal vs. real sex partner discordance such as features of the social context.