Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OP-MOLB150238 1..12

The identification of genetic mechanisms underlying evolutionary change is critical to our understanding of natural diversity, but is presently limited by the lack of genetic and genomic resources for most species. Here, we present a new comparative genomic approach that can be applied to a broad taxonomic sampling of nonmodel species to investigate the genetic basis of evolutionary change. Using our analysis pipeline, we show that duplication and divergence of fgfr1a is correlated with the reduction of scales within fishes of the genus Phoxinellus. As a parallel genetic mechanism is observed in scale-reduction within independent lineages of cypriniforms, our finding exposes significant developmental constraint guiding morphological evolution. In addition, we identified fixed variation in fgf20a within Phoxinellus and demonstrated that combinatorial loss-of-function of fgfr1a and fgf20a within zebrafish phenocopies the evolved scalation pattern. Together, these findings reveal epistatic interactions between fgfr1a and fgf20a as a developmental mechanism regulating skeletal variation among fishes.
Patient positioning and treatment instructions used during radiation therapy of the prostate: results of an Australian and New Zealand survey

National standards for patient positioning and treatment instructions for radiation therapy of prostate cancer are non-existent. To maximise daily reproducibility of the patient's position, immobilisation and stabilisation devices are often used. To minimise prostate motion, patients may be given instructions to regulate rectal and bladder volumes. However, the use of these patient positioning devices and the provision of patient treatment instructions vary between radiation therapy centres. In May 2003 a survey was sent to all radiation therapy chiefs throughout Australia and New Zealand requesting information regarding the treatment of prostate cancer patients. This comprehensive review of current practices clearly demonstrates differences between centres on the use of patient instructions to regulate rectal and bladder contents, however, stabilisation and immobilisation methods proved to be more consistent. The results will be discussed in light of the current international literature regarding patient positioning and patient treatment instructions used during radiation therapy of the prostate. This review has identified limited areas of consensus, and highlighted the need to develop common protocols and benchmarking of standards in order to improve treatment delivery. (author abstract)
Injuries and Their Risk Factors in Finnish Adolescents

7 TIIVISTELMÄ . 9 INTRODUCTION.11 STUDY BACKGROUND.13 Concept of injury.13 Data sources and measurement for injury occurrence.14 Strengths and limitations of data sources for injuries . 16 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.19 Occurrence of adolescent injuries . 19 Occurrence of violence.25 Occurrence of violence-related injuries.27 Risk factors for adolescent injuries . 29 Summary of adolescent injury research.41 AIMS OF THE STUDY . 42 MATERIALS AND METHODS.43 Study populations.43 Outcomes of injury.46 Risk factors . 47 Methods of analysis.49 Reliability and validity of data.51 RESULTS . 53 Injury-related death (I). 53 Unintentional injuries (II) . 54 Violence (III). 55 Violence-related injuries (III) . 57 Risk factors for unintentional injury (II) . 58 Risk factors for violence (IV) . 63 Risk factors for violence-related injury (IV) . 67 Predictors of injury-related death and hospitalisation (V). 70
Luxembourg Income Study

This paper compares the amount of income protection eleven OECD countries provided over the Great Recession. Using household-level data, I calculate the recession’s impact on earned income across the income distribution among the non-elderly populations, and investigate the degree to which additional government transfers compensated for these income losses. While the recession’s impact on earned income varied significantly both across and within countries, in most countries additional government transfers offset steep income declines, and reversed increases in income inequality. Overall I fail to find that the size or distributional features of nations’ responses were correlated with welfare regime type nor prior amount spent on social policies. Taking the recession’s impact into account, both large and small welfare regimes had different mixes of policies; however I find similarity in the extent to which they cushioned citizens from declines in market income. A failure to find evidence that responses were shaped by welfare regime type, but rather by the recession’s impact, lends support to arguments that the conditions of an economic crisis constrain the usual conduct of politics.
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of two edibles spices from Cameroon and quantification of their major phenolic compounds

This study aimed to analyze the phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial activity and the phenolic profile of Aframomum melegueta and Afrostyrax lepidophyllus methanolic extracts. The mean phenolic compound contents were 160.77 ± 6.74 and 46.63 ± 0.93mg GAE/g extract, while that of the tannins was 136.40 ± 0.94 and 8.72 ± 1.60mg GAE/g, respectively for A. melegueta and A. lepidophyllus. Similarly, the flavonoids were higher in A. melegueta extract (70.62 ± 0.90mg CE/g) compared to A. lepidophyllus extract (3.95 ± 0.14 mg CE/g). A. melegueta extract showed strong antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Phosphomolybdenum antioxidative power (PAP) tests compared to A. lepidophyllus extract. A. lepidophyllus extract showed strong antibacterial activity with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 312.5 to 5000μg/mL. A. melegueta extract has exerted a bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus aureus with minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 5000 μg/mL. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the phenolic compounds were carried out by HPLC coupled to a diode array detector. The most abundant flavonoid in A. melegueta was quercetin. Among the quantified phenolic acids, gallic acid was the most abundant in both spices extracts. The results of this study showed that A. melegueta extract has promising potential to the control of non-communicable diseases and could be used with A. lepidophyllus extract as natural sources of antimicrobial agents.
Mathematical definition of “intelligence” (abbreviated version)

This is an abbreviated version of a 6-times longer work. (1) We propose a mathematical definition of intelligence, i.e. know what intelligence is and can prove theorems about it. (2) The most important theorem is our construction of a UACI (uniformly asymptotically competitive intelligence) which is at least as intelligent in the long run as any competing entity (on the same hardware) as measured by any intelligence test. (3) Psychological experiments and facts provide evidence that human intelligence actually is constructed in essentially the same manner as the UACI construction. No one piece of that evidence is very convincing but the combination is fairly imposing. (4) It is now possible and desirable to set up an annual fully mechanized “intelligence contest” with standardized, reproducible intelligence measurements made for each contestant. That would virtually assure increased measured intelligence every year. It took about 50 years for computers to become superior to humans in chess and that probably would not have happened without the annual computer chess contests and “chess ratings” keeping it sane and measurable. We suggest that the same will be true of AI. There is some similarity between our definition of “intelligence” and our “UACI” construction, versus Turing’s definition of “algorithm” and his construction of a “universal Turing machine. ” Unusually, a box at the end gives a short proposed “consensus statement” about intelligence and we seek people willing to sign that statement. The longer work on which this is based, is [41].
Preferences for partial information and ambiguity

We commonly think of information as an instrument for better decisions, yet evidence suggests that people often decline free information in nonstrategic scenarios. This paper provides a theory for how a dynamically‐consistent decision maker can be averse to partial information as a consequence of ambiguity aversion. It introduces a class of recursive preferences on an extended choice domain, which allows the preferences to depend on how information is dynamically revealed and to depart from the standard expected‐utility theory. A new notion of ambiguity aversion, called Event Complementarity, exactly characterizes aversion to partial information. Familiar static ambiguity‐averse preferences are embedded into the general recursive model, in which conditions for partial information aversion are identified. The findings suggest that Event Complementarity overlaps with yet still differs from the conventional notion of ambiguity aversion.
Survival of rats with Walker 256 Tumor after oral suplementation of arginine in the diet

Objective: This study was undertaken to assess the effect of L-arginine at 8% on extended survival of rats with Walker 256 tumor. Method: The study is experimental, randomized, double blind. The animals for this experiment were divided in 3 groups. The first group (placebo) received gavage with water, seven days before the inoculation of Walker 256 tumor. The second group received 8% L-arginine solution of caloric ingestion 48 hours after the tumoral inoculation. The third group received 8% L-arginine solution of total caloric ingestion, initiated seven days before the tumoral inoculation. Results: The third group, supplemented seven days before the tumoral inoculation, presented greater extended survival (21 days, p=0.0001) when compared to animals from the other two. Animals supplemented 48 hours after the tumoral inoculation presented greater extended survival (20 days, p=0.0001) when compared to the placebo group (19 days, p=0.0001). Conclusion: The results suggest that both groups supplemented with 8% L-arginine presented beneficial results in respect to extended survival when compared to the placebo group, and better yet if the amino acid was administered before the tumoral inoculation.
Modelling the impact of a time‐varying wave angle on the nonlinear evolution of sand bars in the surf zone

Sandy beaches are often characterized by the presence of sand bars, whose characteristics (growth, migration speed, etc.) strongly depend on offshore wave conditions, such as wave height and angle of wave incidence. This study addresses the impact of a sinusoidally time‐varying wave angle of incidence with different time‐means on the saturation height, migration speed and longshore spacing of sand bars. Model results show that shore‐transverse sand bars (so‐called TBR bars) eventually develop under a time‐varying wave angle. Depending on the time‐mean, amplitude and period of the varying angle of wave incidence, the mean heights and mean migration speeds of the bars can be larger or smaller than their corresponding values in the case of time‐invariant angles. Bars might not even form when the wave angle varies around a too large oblique mean value, whereas bars exist in the case of a time‐invariant wave angle. The oscillations in both bar height and migration speed are large if the period of the time‐varying wave angle is close to the adjustment timescale of the system and if large differences in the local growth and migration rates of the bars occur during one oscillation period. The oscillations in bar height are a combination of harmonics with the principal period and half the period of the time‐varying wave angle, whereas those of migration speed contain only the principal period. Bars that are subject to time‐varying wave angles have larger longshore crest‐to‐crest spacings than those which form under fixed wave angles. Physical explanations for these findings are given. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Rheological, physiochemical and sensory properties of no fat to high fat ice creams samples prepared using stabilizer/emulsifier blends created with liquid and powder polysorbate-80

Stabilizer/Emulsifier blends were created using liquid polysorbate-80 (Sample A) and powder poysorbate-80 (Sample B) separately along with other stabilizers and emulsifiers. Ice-cream samples were prepared at pilot scale using blend A and B at the dosage of 0.5% with varying fat content of butter and studied their rheological, physiochemical and sensory properties. Icecreams prepared with Blend-B having higher viscosity than one done with Blend-A i.e. liquid polysorbate. The moisture content is inversely proportional to solid levels in all ice cream samples prepared. The titratable acidity value of ice cream mix was between 0.20 and 0.21%. Hardness of B samples was higher in high-fat ice-creams. Maximum overrun of 156±45% was obtained from B samples prepared at 0.7% fat level. Ice-creams prepared with high fat content had high melting range of 6.5±5 ml in 14% fat whereas it was low 0.0 ml in 10 mins in icecream with low fat. B samples made with low fat levels (0.7% and 2%) had lower melting rate than A samples but it was reverse in ice-cream samples made with high fat content (6-14%) in both A and B samples. Fat destabilization of B samples was higher than that of A samples. In both low and high fat ice-creams, powder PS-80 had outperformed in terms of all quality parameters with higher overall acceptance as compared to ice cream samples made with liquid PS-80.
Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and its Validity as a Tumor Biomarker

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers associated with deaths worldwide and the presence of valid biomarkers for early diagnosis in high-risk patients can ameliorate the outcome of HCC. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) has been found to play an essential role in the process of HCC growth and progression. Therefore, we evaluated the serum VEGF levels in patients with HCC and liver cirrhosis and estimated its significant value for differentiating HCC patients from liver cirrhosis patients. Eighty-one subjects were enrolled in the study, 30 patients had HCC, 31 patients had liver cirrhosis and 20 were healthy control subjects. VEGF and AFP were measured using ELIZA. Abdominal ultrasound and triphasic abdominal computed tomography were performed in all subjects. Receiver Operating Characteristics curve analysis was performed for serum VEGF to determine its validity as a tumor biomarker. The median levels of the serum VEGF were highly expressed in the HCC group (418 pg/ml) and the liver cirrhosis group (308 pg/ml) with no significant difference (P = 0.767); however both groups showed a significant increase compared to the control group (0.8 pg/ml, P <0.000). Serum VEGF showed high sensitivity (100%) and high specificity (100%) in differentiating HCC patients from controls with a cut-off value of ≥ 64.2 pg/ml, although it showed low sensitivity (29.2%) and specificity (85.7%) for differentiating HCC patients from liver cirrhosis patients. VEGF can be used as a reliable biomarker for differentiating HCC patients from healthy subjects but it can't be used as a reliable biomarker for differentiating HCC patients from high-risk patients as liver cirrhosis. The elevated serum VEGF levels in HCC and liver cirrhosis patients can elucidate the crucial role of angiogenesis in HCC and liver cirrhosis.
Behavior-Based Price Discrimination under Endogenous Privacy

This paper analyzes consumers’ privacy choice concerning their data and firms’ ensuing pricing strategies. Consumers decide whether to reveal private information in form of cookies. We study this endogenous decision in a duopoly model with behavior-based pricing and conduct an experiment to test our theoretical predictions. Contrasting two data environments, we derive a unique pure-strategy pooling equilibrium for each environment. We find that all consumers share their data in an open data environment while no consumers share data in an exclusive environment. In the experiment, however, some subjects readily share their data in the exclusive treatment. In the open data treatment subjects predominantly act as predicted by our theory. A mandated data sharing policy among firms leads consumers to share more data and increases consumer welfare. This helps policy makers to make an informed decision about data protection policies.
Temporal Patterns in Illumination Conditions and Its Effect on Vegetation Indices Using Landsat on Google Earth Engine

Vegetation indices (VI) describe vegetation structure and functioning but they are affected by illumination conditions (IC). Moreover, the fact that the effect of the IC on VI can be stronger than other biophysical or seasonal processes is under debate. Using Google Earth Engine and the latest Landsat Surface Reflectance level 1 data, we evaluated the temporal patterns of IC and two VI, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) in a mountainous tropical forest during the years 1984–2017. We evaluated IC and VI at different times, their relationship with the topography and the correlations between them. We show that IC is useful for understanding the patterns of variation between VI and IC at the pixel level using Landsat sensors. Our findings confirmed a strong correlation between EVI and IC and less between NDVI and IC. We found a significant increase in IC, EVI, and NDVI throughout time due to an improvement in the position of all Landsat sensors. Our results reinforce the need to consider IC to interpret VI over long periods using Landsat data in order to increase the precision of monitoring VI in irregular topography.
Towards a Social Internet of Things Enabled Framework for Supply Community Networks

Social Internet of Things (SIoT) is one of several emerging internet paradigms, signaling the inevitable fusion of Internet of Things with Social Networks. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of applying an existing SIoT framework to Supply Community Networks (SCN). a term we use to describe the changing pattern of supply chains whose morphology continues to evolve from traditional linear continuums, into ostensibly mesh-like structures. Specifically, we identify an appropriate SIoT architecture from current literature which was used as a basis for realizing the notion of SCN, where in this case the ‘members’ are autonomous objects (Supply Community Agents, or SCA) working on behalf of member organizations (suppliers, manufacturers, retailers, etc.) and whose generic object architecture we extended by specifying interfaces to various member functions that all such agents must possess to engage in the exchange of goods/services information and remittance one would expect whether part of a chain or as here, a network (or networks). We substantiate our claims of feasibility using stochastic MATLAB simulation of a baked-goods SCN scenario. Results showed that the modified SIoT framework exhibited the flexibility required by SCAs when operating as part of a Supply Community Network so that they can effectively discharge their responsibilities in delivering the services needed by other member agents of a SCN.
Growth, catches and reproductive biology of ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus in Lake Piediluco (Umbria, Italy)

to assess the impact of exotic species on native fish communities, the ecology and biology of intruders need to be thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to analyse the growth and reproductive biology of the ruffe population in Lake Piediluco. From June 1999 to March 2002, and between July 2004 and May 2005, 1 330 specimens belonging to seven age-classes were captured. Sex was determined in 385 individuals: 327 females and 58 males. The SL-TL relationship for the whole sample was TL = 0.923 + 1.075SL. The SL-W relationship was W = 0.0154 SL3.102 for females and W = 0.0157 SL3.106 for males. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth curve for length using back-calculated SL were L∞ = 218.29 mm, k = 0.27 y-1, t0 = -0.61 for females and L∞ = 161.54 mm, k = 0.32 y-1, t0 = -0.70 for males. The results showed that in Lake Piediluco ruffe grow as fast as in their original environments. Seasonal growth and back-calculation showed the possible existence of differential mortality prejudicial to small specimens. Moreover, growth analysis revealed marked sexual dimorphism in growth in the Lake Piediluco population. Sexual maturation occurred in both sexes at the end of the first year of life. Reproduction occurred mostly in May and June. The mean diameter of eggs was 1.12 mm. The mean number of eggs produced by each female was 11 961, and increased with the size of the specimens; with regard to relative fecundity, an average value of 239 eggs g-1 was observed. This analysis reveals some important biological characteristics of the ruffe that were not previously well known with regard to the Italian population of the species.
The Relationship Between Childhood Trauma, Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Marriage Satisfaction in Pregnant Adolescents

Amac: Bu calismanin amaci adolesan gebelerde cocukluk cagi travmalari, duygu duzenleme guclugu ve evlilik doyu mu arasindaki iliskinin incelenmesidir. Yontem: Nicel arastirma olarak planlanan bu calismanin modeli, iliskisel tarama modelidir. Arastirmanin evrenini adolesan gebeler, orneklemini Nisan 2016-2017 tarihleri arasinda Konya Dr. Faruk Sukan Kadin Dogum ve Cocuk Hastaliklari Hastanesine basvuran adolesan gebeler (n:350) olusturmustur. Arastirmaci tarafindan gelistirilen “Kisisel Demografik Bilgi Formu”, adolesan gebelerin cocukluk cagi travmapuanlarini belirlemek icin “Cocukluk Cagi Travma Olcegi (CTQ-28)”, duygu duzenleme guclugu puanlarini belirlemek icin “Duygu Duzenleme Guclugu Olcegi” ve evlilik doyum puanlarini belirlemek icin “Evlilik Yasam Olcegi” kullanilmistir. Elde edilen verilen SPSS23.0 paket programi ile analiz edilmistir. Bulgular: Adolesan gebelerinortalama yaslarinin 17,21±1, evlilik yaslarinin 16,72±1,07, ilk gebelik yaslarinin 16,88±1,31 oldugu gorulmustur. Adolesan gebelerde cocukluk cagi travmalari ile duygu duzenleme guclugu arasinda pozitif yonlu guclu bir iliskinin var oldugu gorulmustur. Ayrica adolesan gebelerde cocukluk cagi travmalarinin duygu duzenleme guclugunu %44 duzeyinde, evlilik doyumunu ise %53 duzeyinde istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir sekilde acikladigi sonucuna varilmistir. Sonuc: Cocuk doneminde maruz kalinan ihmal ve istismar arttikca ilerleyen donemlerde duygu duzenleme guclugunun artacagi ve evlilik doyumunun azalacagi soylenebilir. Duygu duzenleme guclu ile evlilik doyumu arasinda guclu bir ters iliskinin var oldugu soylenebilir.