Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental and Postnatal Changes in the Enteric Nervous System

T he enteric nervous system (ENS), the intrinsic innervation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, is embryologically derived from the neural crest. Early in development, vagal (hindbrain) neural crest cells (NCC) migrate into the foregut, colonize the entire length of the gut, and differentiate into enteric neurons and glia. Although these enteric precursors and other components of the neuromuscular apparatus (eg, smooth muscle cells, interstitial cells of Cajal [ICC]) are appropriately arranged by weeks 12 to 14 of human development, the first coordinated gut motility patterns do not occur until approximately birth. This indicates that a significant amount of ENS modification occurs during the foetal period such that appropriate neuronal subtypes, functional interconnections, and coordinated electrical activity become established. There also is significant evidence that the ENS is modified postnatally. This may be a normally occurring process that allows the ENS to adapt to postnatal changes such as growth or dietary modifications, to external stresses such as maternal separation, or to gut injury/ inflammation/disease. Studies have suggested that enteric neurons can respond to the changing intestinal environment by changing their expression of receptors and/or neurotransmitters, or their associations with other cell types. Interestingly, evidence that certain early life events are risk factors for the subsequent development of visceral hypersensitivity highlights the idea that early adverse experiences may permanently alter the neurobiological systems involved in pain perception. The ENS is, therefore, a key component of a fluid neuromuscular system that can be altered in a number of ways, some of which can be detrimental, some potentially therapeutic.
PERCEPTIONS OF SAUDI STUDENTS TO USE SOCIAL MEDIA TOOLS FOR LEARNING

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of Saudi students regarding the advantages of using social media tools at an emerging university in the south of Saudi Arabia to support their learning and the important role that these tools can play to facilitate the educational process. Another purpose of this study is to examine the barriers that students could face during the use of social media tools in the educational process were examined. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 5 male and 5 female students from the college of education at the emerging university to collect data for this study. The current study found that all the interviewees had very positive perceptions towards using social media as tools for e-learning and felt that these tools are extremely effective instructional tools and should be integrated into the university curricula. Another important finding was that students do not see any clear reasons that prevent lecturers to use and integrate social media tools in learning. Participants stated that lecturers should start using them as tools to aid the other learning environments. Also, it was apparent from the results of this study that the participants stated that there were some major barriers behind using these tools in learning including distraction, language and culture barriers, privacy issues and cyberbullying. More information is needed on the current use of social media tools for learning at other Saudi universities to investigate factors and barriers that might affect Saudi students’ attitudes toward using social media to support learning. This would help to establish a greater degree of accuracy on these issues. Article visualizations:
Classification of Neuroticism using Psychophysiological Signals During Speaking Task based on Two Different Baseline Measurements

Biosignals from psychophysiological changes can be measured as electroencephalography (EEG), heart rate, skin conductance, and respiration rate, to name a few. They have been used in many research areas including human personality. Neuroticism, one of the five major traits underlie personality, reflects stable tendency towards experiencing negative emotions. An understanding of how neuroticism influences responses to psychological distress may shed a light upon individual differences in emotion self-regulation. To study the causal relationship between neuroticism and psychophysiological signals, a selection of appropriate baseline signals as a reference signal is essential to compare to current experimental signals of interest. Thus, we present classification of neuroticism using psychophysiological signals obtained during a speaking task based on two different baseline measurements (eyes closed and eyes open). Eight healthy male participants consisting of four neurotic and four emotionally stable subjects were recruited based on Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) and Big Five Inventory (BFI) scoring system. Four features including mean EEG beta power, heart rate, skin conductance, and respiration rate were used for the classification using a Support Vector Machine (SVM). The results showed higher classification accuracy achieved with eyes open as the baseline (62.5%) as compared to eyes closed as the baseline (37.5%), during speaking task. This indicate the importance of selecting appropriate baseline in analysis involving EEG and physiological signals.
Cardiac tissue engineering

Publisher Summary Heart disease remains the leading cause of death and disability in the industrialized nations. The most frequent initiating cause of heart failure is myocardial infarction, also known as heart attack, which is the single most common cause of death in economically developed countries, including the US and Western Europe. Myocardial infarction typically results in fibrous (collagen) scar formation and permanently impaired cardiac function because, after a massive cell loss due to ischaemia, the myocardial tissue lacks significant intrinsic regenerative capability. Eventually, heart transplantation is the ultimate treatment option to end-stage heart failure. Owing to the lack of organ donors and complications associated with immune suppressive treatments, scientists and surgeons constantly look for new strategies to repair the injured heart. This chapter presents a review on the achievements of myocardial tissue engineering, focusing on construct (scaffold)-based strategies. A number of excellent reviews focusing on different aspects of cardiac tissue engineering, including cell-based therapies for myocardial regeneration, have been published recently.
The Development and Evaluation of a Nursing One-Minute Preceptor Program in Taiwan

The One-Minute Preceptor is a tool that is relatively easy to learn and apply in the clinical setting by medical doctors, , but little is known about the effects on clinical nursing preceptors. Study Aim was to develop and evaluate the effects of a One-Minute Preceptor program on the clinical nursing preceptors in Taiwan. Method: quasi-experimental design with a purposive sample, including two categories of study subjects-nurse preceptors, and their preceptees the new nurses. Sixty participants were reandomly assigned into the experimental and control groups with 35 and 25 subjects. Tool: Â Objective Structured Teaching Exercise(OSTE) rating score, and subjective structured questionnaires of novice nurseâ€™s self-evaluation to assess the benefit of the preceptorâ€™s teaching. Results: the average OSTE scores of experimental group on two assessments were higher than those in the control group (p < .001 ; p < .001). The OMP program in this study could enhance the teaching competency of the nursing preceptors. The novice nurses in the experimental group felt more benefited from the preceptors, who had received intervention at Â test two, than those in the control group. The study result showed an objectively structured nursing OMP Program can effectively improve their teaching ability and enhance their subjectively evaluated benefit level for new nurses.
Why Monitoring Doesn’t Always Matter: The Interaction of Personal Propensity with Physical and Psychological Parental Presence in a Situational Explanation of Adolescent Offending

ABSTRACT Parental monitoring is often shown to have a negative relationship with crime involvement. However, research often ignores both the mechanism by which these relationships occur and the conditions under which they might (and might not) be found. Building on the interactional hypotheses of Situational Action Theory (SAT) and the parental monitoring definitions provided by a new model of Goal-Directed Parental Action (GDPA), this paper assesses evidence of the role of the presence or absence of guardians, adolescent-perceived parental knowledge and personal crime propensity in explaining why a crime does or doesn’t occur in a particular situation. To test these new hypotheses, this paper uses specialist data (including innovative Space-Time Budget data) from the Peterborough Adolescent and Young Adult Development Study (PADS+) and employs multiple methods to assess both statistical interaction (dependence) and situational interaction (convergence). Findings provide evidence for interaction between key personal characteristics (specifically, generalized law relevant morality and ability to exercise self control) and features of environments (in this study, aspects of parental monitoring) in the perception-choice process that is proposed by SAT to explain action, including acts of crime. They suggest that despite high correlations with crime in the literature, monitoring doesn’t always matter because many crime averse young people do not offend anyway. Furthermore, in an entirely new finding, generalized perceived parental knowledge of the circumstances of activity (psychological presence) results in a lower rate of crime among crime prone adolescents when they are unsupervised.
Understanding the Chinese public’s risk perception and information-seeking behavior regarding genetically modified foods: the role of social media social capital

Abstract In attempting to understand how the current social media environment foments risk perception and information seeking regarding genetically modified foods, this study integrated the risk information seeking and social capital models. Specifically, this study developed a research model consisting of bridging and bonding social capital, risk perception, affective response, perceived information-gathering capacity, and intention of GMO-related risk information seeking. Based on a stratified quota sample of 1,370 citizens collected in Jiangsu Province, China, this study found that bridging and bonding social capital directly and indirectly predicted risk information seeking regarding genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The indirect paths were mediated by risk perception, affective response, and perceived information-gathering capacity. The implications of these findings were discussed.
Strategies for Improving the Academic Performance of Students in Botswana Primary Schools

Background: The Government of Botswana has since attaining independence from Britain in 1966 demonstrated a lot of interest in the improvement of primary education by adopting two policies; the Education for kagisano of 1977 and the Revised National Policy on Education of 1994 to guide the development of education in the country. Other efforts include partnering with organizations from countries such as the USA and Britain and others to help improve the quality of the primary education. The other major aim for these was to improve the performance of students in the final examinations. Purpose/Aims: The purpose of the study was to establish strategies that can be used to influence student’s performance in Primary School Leaving Examinations. Methodology: A mixed-method design allowed the researcher to triangulate data from the professional literature and a questionnaire comprised of closed and open-ended questions. Out of the two hundred questionnaires distributed, one hundred and twenty seven questionnaires were returned; while only one hundred questionnaires were properly completed and therefore used in the study. Respondents were also interviewed. Data Analysis: For the closed ended section of the questionnaire, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used. Data from the interviews and open-ended section of the questionnaire was coded, and then emerging patterns and themes were identified and described in order to understand the meanings of these categories from the perspectives of the respondents, with verbatim texts included. The findings of the study show that there are various strategies that can be used to help improve the performance of students in PSLE. Some of the strategies include parental involvement, infrastructure provision and human resources.
RE-AIM evaluation of a teacher-delivered programme to improve the self-regulation of children attending Australian Aboriginal community primary schools

ABSTRACT Studies in north-western Australia Aboriginal communities identified executive functioning and behavioural regulation as significant issues for children. Exposure to alcohol prenatally and adverse childhood experiences are known risk factors for impaired self-regulation and executive function, these risk factors being present in remote communities. In response, a partnership was initiated to trial a teacher-delivered self-regulation intervention based on the Alert Program®. While student outcomes were assessed, this paper describes the implementation and impact of the intervention on teachers through the five dimensions of the RE-AIM framework (Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance). Trained classroom teachers (n = 29) delivered eight Alert Program® lessons to students over 8- weeks. Impact and implementation outcomes were assessed through teacher training and student lesson attendance data, and pre-training and post-intervention teacher questionnaires. Data were analysed using paired-samples t-tests and descriptive statistics. Eighty-one to 100% of prescribed lessons were implemented and teacher understanding of self-regulation and the Alert Program® improved significantly following the intervention (n = 14, p ≤ .001). Most teachers (88%) reported changing their teaching and behaviour management practices because of the intervention and agreed there were benefits in teaching the Alert Program® to students in a region with high reported rates of foetal alcohol spectrum disorder and self-regulation impairment.
Tensions for educational developers in the digital university: developing the person, developing the product

ABSTRACT Digital education, now common in higher education, is particularly evident in the expansion of blended and fully online offerings at universities. Central to this expansion are educational developers, staff who support teaching and learning improvement in courses they do not themselves teach. Working closely with staff, students, and the curriculum, educational developers see first-hand how the digital learning agenda is both implemented and experienced. This article reports on findings from a national study of three educational development groups: academic developers, academic language and learning developers, and online educational designers, from 14 Australian universities. Although their institutional settings, roles, and work practices varied considerably, a central theme was the tension arising from a perceived shift in institutional priorities from ‘people development’ to ‘product development’: that is, from building human (educator) capacity towards curriculum resource development, particularly for the online environment. Participants reported a decline in autonomy, with institutional strategy and targeted projects increasingly directing both the work that gets done, and the skill sets required to do it. Their observations have implications for how universities conceptualise the development and support of the educational process.
Mutuality or mutual dependence in the psychological contract: a power perspective

There have been increasing calls to explore the psychological contract from the lens of power. By addressing this gap, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the assumption of mutuality in relation to power dynamics in the employment relationship. ,A total of 43 in-depth interviews are conducted with 6 managerial and 37 non-managerial respondents in three major call center organizations in Pakistan. Template analysis is used to analyze the data. ,By undermining the assumption of implicit mutuality, the analysis reveals indeterminacy, an issue that has been frequently underplayed in the psychological contract research. The results further suggest that – in reality – employability, flexibility and employee training do not promote mutuality to the extent that is theoretically assumed because of the employers’ manipulation of these issues in their own favor. ,The focus on call centers limits the generality of findings with further qualitative research needed in other industries to explore how power asymmetries impact upon mutuality in different working environments. ,The research implications suggest the significance of timely and explicit communication in order to curtail indeterminacy in the employment relationship. This will not only reduce the development of breach perceptions among employees but will also reinforce their psychological contracts with the organization. ,This research contributes by highlighting the significance of mutual dependence rather than mutuality in the psychological contract. The mutual dependence approach efficiently acknowledges the implications of power asymmetries which remain largely under-researched in the psychological contract theory.
Prevalence of Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease in Yemen

The major aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in Yemen. Between October 1997 and March 1998, a prospective cluster-sampling screening study was carried out on 5000 schoolchildren (2504 female and 2496 male), aged 5 to 18 years. Suspected cases were subjected to electrocardiography, chest radiography, and Doppler echocardiography. Although no case of active rheumatic fever was found, 12 girls and 6 boys were affected by the disease, giving a prevalence of 3.6 per 1000, which is higher than that reported from neighboring countries. All confirmed and suspected cases were given penicillin G benzathine every 3 weeks, according to body weight, after a test dose. Prevention programs for rheumatic fever, together with prevention of streptococcal throat infections, are goals for the near future.
Okul öncesi ve sınıf öğretmenliği öğrencilerinin öğrenme yaklaşımlarının incelenmesi

Bu calismanin amaci, okul oncesi ve sinif ogretmenligi ogrencilerinin ogrenme yaklasimlarini tercih etme duzeylerini ve tercih duzeylerinin bolum, cinsiyet ve sinif duzeyi degiskenleri acisindan anlamli farklilik gosterip gostermedigini belirlemektir. Arastirma tarama modelinde bir calismadir. Arastirmanin evreni, 2011-2012 egitim-ogretim yili, bahar yariyilinda, Ataturk Universitesi, Kazim Karabekir Egitim Fakultesi, Okul Oncesi Ogretmenligi ve Sinif Ogretmenligi Programlarinda ogrenim goren toplam 854 ogrenciden olusmaktadir. Arastirmanin orneklemi ise evren icerisinden basit seckisiz ornekleme yontemiyle secilen 330 kisiden olusmaktadir. Verilerin elde edilmesinde Ogrenme Yaklasimlari ve Calisma Becerileri Olcegi kullanilmistir. Arastirmanin sonuclarina gore uc ogrenme yaklasimi da yuz uzerinden altmis ortalamanin ustunde tercih edilmektedir. Okul oncesi ve sinif ogretmenligi ogrencilerinin ogrenme yaklasimlari tercihleri arasinda anlamli farklilik yoktur. Cinsiyet degiskenine gore ise sadece yuzeysel ogrenme yaklasiminda anlamli farklilik vardir. Yuzeysel ogrenme yaklasimini erkek ogrenciler kiz ogrencilere gore anlamli olcude daha cok tercih etmislerdir. Sinif duzeyi degiskenine gore de sadece yuzeysel ogrenme yaklasiminda anlamli farklilik vardir
Risk experience, emotions, place identity, and coping strategies in people affected by an unexpected fire (Experiencia de riesgo, emociones, identidad de lugar y estrategias de afrontamiento en personas afectadas por un incendio inesperado)

ABSTRACT This study is intended to elucidate the impact of the experience of risk on emotions and coping strategies following an unexpected fire. It looked at residents of the Island of Madeira, where a highly destructive fire had recently occurred. Two groups were compared (people who had been affected directly by the fire event and others who had not) in order to study their risk perception, emotions and coping strategies, and to explore the variables that might contribute to explaining each group’s coping strategies. The results showed that people affected directly by the fire reported higher levels of active coping strategies, such as analysis and prevention. Women displayed higher levels of fear and less use of active coping strategies. The results also revealed that anger, local identity and fire experience predicted both analysis and prevention forms of coping. However, coping delegation was only predicted by local identity, and coping denial just by fear.
Resin Tags Have No Contribution On Push-Out Bond Strength Of Self-Adhesive Resin Cement

Aim: To assess the contribution of resin tags in the interfacial bond strength of self-adhesive cement used to lute fiber posts into root canals. Methodology: Twenty extracted human canine teeth were selected and root filled. Roots were randomly assigned into two groups (n=10) according to pre-treatment of root dentin: non-etched (G1) or etched using 37% phosphoric acid (G2). Glass fiber posts (White Post) were luted into the root canals using the self-adhesive cement RelyXTM UniChem. Before insertion of the post, the cement was labeled with Rhodamine B isothiocyanate. Roots were sectioned transversally into slices of 1.5 mm thickness to perform the tests at the coronal, middle and apical regions of the root canal. Each slice was analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy to determine the presence or absence of resin tags, and then, subjected to a push-out test. Bond strengths data (MPa) were analyzed by Student t-test (α=0.05). Results: The qualitative analysis of the post-dentin interface revealed that was not possible to observe the formation of resin tags into the root dentin in G1, whereas all slices belonging to G2 exhibited the presence of resin tags. For the push-out test, there were no significant differences between G1 (10.5 ± 3.53) and G2 (10.61 ± 3.84) groups (p<0.05) in all root canal regions. Conclusions: Resin tags, as a result of root dentin etching, did not affect the push-out bond strength of fiber posts to root canals when using the self-adhesive cement RelyXTM Uni Cem.
Director Busyness and Internal Control Weaknesses: Evidence from a Natural Experiment

In this paper, I investigate the effects of multiple directorships on internal control quality. By exploiting an exogenous change in board seats held by directors in interlocked firms that arises from the termination of target firm board due to merger and acquisitions, I find reductions in directorships help mitigate internal control weaknesses in interlocked firms. Cross-sectional analyses show that the main effects of multiple directorships on internal control quality channel through shocked directors’ marginal time value, independent status, as well as board memberships. As a direct manifestation of internal control quality, I also document significant improvements in financial reporting quality as evidenced by a lower probability of accounting restatements. Overall, the findings are consistent with the director busyness hypothesis that multiple directorships adversely impair board governance effectiveness in internal control over financial reporting.