Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between ionic composition in PM10 and the synoptic-scale and mesoscale weather conditions in a south China coastal city: A 4-year study

[1] Four-year (1998–2001) data sets of chemical species in particulate matter of 10 μm in diameter or less (PM10) from a monitoring site in a south China coastal city, Hong Kong, comprising major crustal, marine, and anthropogenic species have been analyzed with respect to synoptic-scale and mesoscale meteorological patterns. Their relationships are discussed using surface pressure maps, back trajectory analysis, chemical transport modeling results, and other relevant meteorological data. The mean concentrations of K+, non-sea-salt sulfate (nss-SO42−), and NO3− in aerosols differed from that at a background site by no more than 15%, exemplifying the contributions of major sources from outside Hong Kong. Continental air masses associated with the East Asian winter monsoon always contain high contents of mineral dust and anthropogenic species such as nss-SO42− when they pass over the desert/loess areas and urban cities/heavy industrial areas of mainland China before reaching Hong Kong. Clear decreasing temporal trends of the concentrations of the anthropogenic species nss-SO42− and NO3− are evident during the sampling period. Emissions from biofuel combustion are mixed with urban/industrial plumes before reaching Hong Kong. Wet scavenging significantly depletes the concentrations of chemical species. Marine air masses associated with the summer monsoon or high-pressure systems near Japan always contain large amounts of sea-salt species, but there are noticeably different concentrations of crustal and anthropogenic species between these two weather patterns. The species K+, as a tracer for biomass burning, approaches background levels for summer monsoon air masses originating from Southeast Asia. The proximity and the arrival of the tropical cyclone reflect two extremes (very high/low) species levels. Stagnant air is not the only factor to govern the elevated species levels in aerosols, but the nature of air masses affecting Hong Kong before sampling should also be taken into consideration.
REDD1 (regulated in development and DNA damage 1) prevents dermal adipocyte differentiation and is required for hair cycle-dependent dermal adipose expansion

Dermal white adipose (dWAT) expansion is associated with important homeostatic and pathologic processes in skin. Even though mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR)/Akt signaling is important for adipogenesis, the role of regulated in development and DNA damage 1 (REDD1), a negative regulator of mTOR/Akt, is poorly understood. Loss of REDD1 in mice resulted in reduction of body mass, total fat, size of gonadal white adipose tissue (WAT) and interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT). Interestingly, inguinal subcutaneous WAT and dWAT in REDD1 knockouts (KOs) were expanded compared to wild type (WT) mice. Size and number of mature adipocytes in dWAT were also increased in adult REDD1 KOs. This dWAT phenotype was established around postnatal (PN) day 18, and did not depend on the hair growth cycle. Surprisingly, adipocyte precursor cells (APCs) numbers were lower in REDD1 KO skin. In vitro analysis revealed increased differentiation of skin-derived REDD1 KO APCs as indicated by higher lipid accumulation and increased adipogenic marker expression. 3T3L1 cells overexpressing REDD1 had decreased sensitivity to differentiation. Overall, our findings indicate that REDD1 silencing induced expansion of dWAT through hypertrophy and hyperplasia. This not previously reported REDD1-dependent mechanism of adipogenesis could be used to preferentially target skin-associated adipose tissue for therapeutic purposes. significantly enlarged compared to WT animals. These results indicate that REDD1 regulates dWAT and mature adipocyte size prior to the first telogen phase of the hair cycle.
Nuances of Edutainment in Mushaf: Analysis of Learning Methods in Edutainment in Indonesian Al-Qur'an Mushaf

In this research, the relevance of the innovative use of edutainment in the manuscripts of the Al-Qur'an is explained. Apart from strengthening the existence of the Al-Qur'an manuscripts, the addition of this innovation is in line with the concept of contemporary education, namely anthropocentric. In terms of analysis, this research is qualitative-exploratory with sources from 15 trendy manuscripts. The approach in this research is philosophical-speculative to always present the relevance of edutainment in the manuscripts of the Al-Qur'an. This research concludes that the relevance of publishing specific editions of manuscripts with the concept of edutainment can accommodate the cognitive, physiological, and psychological needs of readers in terms of several learning theories, such as cognitivism, behaviorism, humanism, cybernetics, and multiple intelligences, as well as learning methods. Quantum learning, active learning, multiple intelligences, accelerated learning.
Ion composition and pressure changes in storm time and nonstorm substorms in the vicinity of the near-Earth neutral line

[i] Using CLUSTER/CODIF data from close to ∼ 19 Re in the magnetotail, we have performed a superposed epoch analysis of storm time and nonstorm substorms to determine how the ion composition changes during a substorm. We find that the median O + density and pressure in the plasma sheet are a factor of 5 higher during storm times than during nonstorm times. However, we do not observe significant changes in the composition during a substorm that would indicate that ionospheric outflow is playing a dynamic role in loading the plasma sheet or triggering the substorm at this location. There are differences between the storm time and nonstorm substorms, and it is intriguing to consider whether the composition differences play a role. The storm time substorms exhibit more loading and faster unloading than the nonstorm substorms. In addition, we observe differences in the H + and O + behavior at onset in the storm time substorms that we attribute to the different dynamics of the two ion species at the reconnection site and during the field reconfiguration due to their different gyroradii. The H + density and pressure decrease over the whole energy range at substorm onset, while the O + density and pressure decrease less, and the O + temperature increases. That more O + is left after substorm onset indicates that either the O + is more quickly replenished from O + in the lobes and/or that the more energetic O + , due to its larger gyroradius, is not depleted when the field reconfigures and is accelerated in the thin current sheet.
Key Attributes Associated with Veneer Quality Timber that may be Impacted by Forest Management Practices

Veneer log prices are commonly 4 to 10 times the price of grade 1 sawlogs yet veneer quality trees constitute less than 1 percent of the hardwood timber resource in the northeastern United States. Veneer manufacturers and their customers impose guidelines in specifying wood quality attributes that are very discriminating but poorly defined (e.g., exceptional color, texture, and/or figure characteristics). In order to better understand and begin to define the most important attributes that distinguish veneer logs from sawlogs and high-end from low-end veneer logs, we are conducting a series of studies in which we are collecting veneer log attribute information from veneer log buyers and sellers, veneer manufacturers, and veneer sales personnel. Broad veneer log quality requirements and specific requirements for the most highly demanded veneer log species (cherry, red oak, white oak, white ash, black walnut, sugar maple, and yellow- poplar) are being elucidated. The relative importance of critical, but often subtle, veneer log quality attributes are examined for each of these species. Guidelines for assessing the true veneer value potential of high-quality trees can be based on buyer-cue based log attribute metrics. Important veneer attributes include log form, growth-ring consistency, heartwood/sapwood proportion, and wood color as well as the more obvious defects. Forest managers can consider the relative importance of the different attributes when they initiate silvicultural techniques to produce high- quality hardwood timber.
Water for Rural Communities: Helping People to Help Themselves

Efforts to improve the water supplies used by people in rural areas of developing countries have run into serious obstacles: not only are public funds not available to build facilities for all, but many newly constructed facilities have fallen into disrepair and disuse. Along with the numerous failures there are also successes in this sector. From these successes a new view has begun to emerge of what the guiding principles of rural water supply strategies should be. This book brings together and spells out the constituents of this emerging view. The central message is that it is the local people themselves, not those trying to help them, who have the most important role to play. The community itself must be the primary decisionmaker, the primary investor, the primary organizer, and the primary overseer. The authors examine the implications of this primary principle for the main policy issues - the level of service to be provided in different settings, the level and mechanisms for cost recovery, the roles for the private and public sectors, and the role of women. The potential advantages of proceeding from this outlook, instead of the older top-down approaches, are considerable. Improvement efforts are more likely to meet felt needs, new facilities are more likely to be kept in service, and more communities are more likely to get safe water sooner.
Utilizing Sensory Marketing and Brand Experience: The Case of Luxury Watchmaking

This research examines the impact of sensory marketing cues and brand experience on emotional attachment, customer commitment, and brand loyalty in the luxury wristwatch industry. The study, conducted with 323 Indonesian consumers who purchased luxury wristwatches, reveals significant associations among sensory marketing cues, brand experience, emotional attachment, customer commitment, and brand loyalty. However, the effect of store image was found to be insignificant in moderating the connections between sensory marketing cues, brand experience, and emotional attachment. These findings highlight the importance of sensory marketing cues and brand experience in fostering emotional attachment and customer commitment, ultimately leading to brand loyalty. The results provide valuable insights for luxury wristwatch manufacturers and distributors in Indonesia to enhance customer loyalty through effective marketing strategies and optimized retail experiences. However, caution must be exercised in generalizing these implications to other countries or industries. Additionally, this study contributes to the literature on brand loyalty, particularly in the luxury wristwatch industry, by addressing the challenges posed by emerging substitutes such as advanced smartwatches and offering guidance on maintaining brand loyalty amidst increasing competition.
Hydrological minimal model for fire regime assessment in a Mediterranean ecosystem

A new model for Mediterranean forest fire regime assessment is presented and discussed. The model is based on the experimental evidence that fire is due to both hydrological and ecological processes and the relative role of fuel load versus fuel moisture is an important driver in fire ecology. Diverse scenarios are analyzed where either the hydrological forcing or the feedback between fire and hydrological characterization of the site is changed. The model outcome demonstrates that the two‐way interaction between hydrological processes, biology, and fire regime drives the ecosystem toward a typical fire regime that may be altered either by an evolution of the biological characterization of the site or by a change of the hydrological forcing. This tenet implies that not every fire regime is compatible with the ecohydrological characterization of the site under study. This means that natural (nonantropogenic) fire cannot be modeled as an arbitrary external forcing because the coupled hydrological and biological processes determines its statistical characterization, and conversely, the fire regime affects the soil moisture availability and the outcome of different species competition under possible water stress. The new modeling approach presented here, when provided by a proper model parameterization, can advance the capability in predicting and managing fires in ecosystems influenced by climate and land use changes.
Hubungan variabilitas mixed layer depth kriteria ∆T=0,5 oC dengan sebaran tuna di Samudera Hindia bagian timur

Abstract. The Indian Ocean has an important role in the variability of aquatic ecosystems including fisheries resource. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) criterion ∆T = 0.5 oC and distribution of tuna in the Eastern Indian Ocean. The study area was situated in the Eastern Indian Ocean at the coordinate 100 – 120oE dan 5 – 20oS. The data MLD criterion ∆T = 0.5 oC as well as data distribution and tuna catches which processed in the seasonal period were used in this study. Visualization result showed that the variation of MLD based on the depth value was inversely related to MLD variation based on temperature. MLD variations indicated that the depth of the shallowest MLD on the West Monsoon and deepest on the East Monsoon, while the highest temperature of MLD was recorded in Transitional Monsoon 1 and the lowest in Transitional Monsoon 2. The most widespread distribution of tuna were in Eastern Monsoon and the narrowest in Transional Monsoon 1. MLD variation relations with tuna catches have seen fairly high correlation of Pearson correlation value of 0.891 for tuna catches with depth MLD correlation and -0.927 for tuna catches correlation with temperature MLD.Keywords : Mixed Layer Depth (MLD); ∆T = 0.5 oC; Temperature; Depth; TunaAbstrak. Samudera Hindia merupakan salah satu perairan yang memiliki peranan penting dalam variabilitas ekosistem perairan termasuk didalamnya sumberdaya perikanan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) kriteria ∆T = 0,5 oC dengan sebaran Tuna di Samudera Hindia bagian Timur. Wilayah kajian penelitian ini adalah perairan Samudera Hindia bagian Timur dengan koordinat 100 – 120oBT dan 5 – 20oLS. Data yang digunakan adalah data MLD kriteria ∆T = 0,5 oC berdasarkan suhu dan kedalamannya, serta data sebaran dan tangkapan Tuna yang diolah dalam periode musiman. Hasil visualisasi menunjukkan bahwa variasi MLD berdasarkan kedalaman memiliki nilai berbanding terbalik dengan variasi MLD berdasarkan suhu. Variasi MLD menunjukkan bahwa kedalaman MLD paling dangkal berada pada Musim Barat yakni berkisar antara 22 – 60 dbar dan paling dalam berada pada Musim Timur dengan nilai berkisar antara 60 – 100 dbar, sedangkan suhu MLD tertinggi berada pada Musim Peralihan 1 yakni 28,5 – 29,5 oC dan terendah pada Musim Peralihan 2 dengan nilai berkisar antara 23 – 29 oC. Sebaran Tuna paling luas berada pada Musim Timur dan paling sempit berada pada Musim Peralihan 1. Hubungan variasi MLD dengan hasil tangkapan Tuna memiliki korelasi cukup tinggi yang terlihat dari nilai korelasi Pearson sebesar +0,891 untuk korelasi tangkapan Tuna dengan kedalaman MLD dan -0,927 untuk korelasi hasil tangkapan Tuna dengan suhu MLD.Kata kunci : Mixed Layer Depth; ∆T = 0,5 oC; Suhu; Kedalaman; Tuna
Aspects of Carbonate Sedimentation on the Atlantic Continental Shelf off the Southern United States

ABSTRACT The carbonate fraction of over 1,000 samples from the Atlantic continental shelf off the southern United States was investigated. The main purpose of this study is to determine the usefulness of the carbonate fraction in determining various aspects of shelf history in a so-called "non-carbonate" area. "Particle characteristics" of the carbonate fraction are emphasized. These include determination of the degree of particle rounding, percent fragmental, percent blackened, and percent of worn versus fresh components. The abundance of CaCO3, is mainly a function of the amount of dilution by terrigenous materials from Piedmont rivers. Calcium carbonate is least abundant on the Georgia shelf and increases greatly to the south and slightly to the north. The abundance of black shells, oolites, and shallow water fauna over large portions of the shelf attest to a shallow-water origin of much of the shelf surficial material. The abundance of worn and broken shells reflects the low rate of sedimentation in this area. Much of the present-day shelf sediment cover was deposited in the nearshore zone of the last transgressing sea but the sediment was not derived from the beach environment itself, as indicated by particle roundness considerations. The areal distribution of certain carbonate fraction arameters can be interpreted as linear patterns paralleling the present shorelines. These may reflect ancient shorelines.
Cosmic‐ray exposure age and preatmospheric size of the Bunburra Rockhole achondrite

Abstract– Bunburra Rockhole is the first meteorite fall photographed and recovered by the Desert Fireball Network in Australia. It is classified as an ungrouped achondrite similar in mineralogical and chemical composition to eucrites, but it has a distinct oxygen isotope composition. The question is if achondrites like Bunburra Rockhole originate from the same parent body as the howardite‐eucrite‐diogenite (HED) meteorites or from several separate, differentiated parent bodies. To address this question, we measured cosmogenic radionuclides and noble gases in the Bunburra Rockhole achondrite. The short‐lived radionuclides 22Na and 54Mn confirm that Bunburra Rockhole is a recent fall. The concentrations of 10Be, 26Al and 36Cl as well as the 22Ne/21Ne ratio indicate that Bunburra Rockhole was a relatively small object (R approximately 15 cm) in space, consistent with the photographic fireball observations. The cosmogenic 38Ar concentration yields a cosmic‐ray exposure (CRE) age of 22 ± 3 Myr, whereas 21Ne and 3He yield approximately 30% and approximately 60% lower ages, respectively, due to loss of cosmogenic He and Ne, mainly from plagioclase. With a CRE age of 22 Myr, Bunburra Rockhole is the first anomalous eucrite that overlaps with the main CRE peak of the HED meteorites. The radiogenic K‐Ar age of 4.1 Gyr is consistent with the U‐Pb age, while the young U,Th‐He age of approximately 1.4 Gyr indicates that Bunburra Rockhole lost radiogenic 4He more recently.
Global Flight to Safety, Business Cycles, and the Dollar

We develop a two-country macroeconomic model that we fit to a set of aggregate prices and quantities for the U.S. and the rest of the world. In addition to a standard array of shocks, the model includes time variation in agents’ preference for safe bonds. We allow for a component of this time variation to be common across countries and biased toward dollar-denominated safe assets, and refer to this component as global flight to safety (GFS). We find that GFS shocks are the most important shocks driving world business cycles, and are also important drivers of activity in the U.S. and especially abroad. An adverse GFS shock lowers global GDP and inflation, widens global corporate credit spreads, and appreciates the dollar. These effects are very close to those obtained from a structural VAR which uses the excess bond premium (Gilchrist and Zakrajšek, 2012) as proxy for global flight to safety.
The bite force of the largest fossil rodent (Hystricognathi, Caviomorpha, Dinomyidae)

Blanco R.E. , Rinderknecht, A. & Lecuona, G. 2011: The bite force of the largest fossil rodent (Hystricognathi, Caviomorpha, Dinomyidae). Lethaia, Vol. 45, pp. 157–163. An exceptionally well-preserved skull of the largest fossil rodent Josephoartigasia monesi allows the first analysis of the bite mechanics of this group of South American giant rodents. In this study, we reconstructed the main anatomical features of the skull of this Pliocene rodent, relating them to the bite force at incisors. Bite force was estimated using three different techniques. Two methods suggest that bite forces at incisors of around 1000 N were possible for these mammals. However, the incisors seem to be stronger than expected for this bite force implying that the bite forces may have been greater than 3000 N. We consider three hypotheses: allometric effects, teeth digging or defence against predators, to explain our results. □Bite force, Dinomyidae, incisors, largest rodent, Pliocene.
EFEITO DO ESPAÇAMENTO NO CRESCIMENTO E NA DENSIDADE BÁSICA DA MADEIRA DE Eucalyptus urophylla X Eucalyptus grandis EM FLORESTAS DE CICLO CURTO

O trabalho objetivou avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial de um clone de eucalipto em diferentes espacamentos de plantio. O experimento foi conduzido no municipio de Sarapui - SP, ao empregar o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, contendo tres blocos, com nove tratamentos quanto ao espacamento de plantio, variando a area util de cada planta entre 2,0 e 8,0 m². Aos doze meses foram realizadas medicoes do diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP) e altura total de todas as plantas das parcelas para determinacao do volume, e foi derrubada uma arvore por parcela para cubagem rigorosa e coleta dos discos de madeiras a 0; 12,5; 37,5 e 62,5% da altura total a fim de se determinar a densidade basica. A analise de variância indicou diferencas significativas para o volume, em que os maiores espacamentos alcancaram maiores volumes por arvore, no entanto os menores espacamentos apresentaram maiores volumes por hectare. A densidade basica da madeira nao foi influenciada pelo espacamento de plantio.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: demanda bioenergetica, eucalipto, volume. EFFECT OF SPACING ON Eucalyptus urophylla X Eucalyptus grandis GROWTH AND WOOD BASIC DENSITY IN SHORT CYCLE PLANTATION ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the initial development of a Eucalyptus clone in different planting spacing. The experiment was conducted in the town of Sarapui – SP. We used as experimental design the randomized blocks with three blocks, with nine treatments for planting spacing, with the surface area of each plant varating between 2.0 and 8.0 m². At twelve months we conducted measurements of stem diameter and total height of all the plants to determine the volume, and one tree per plot was cutted down to measure the total volume and collect wooden disks at 0%, 12.5%, 37.5% and 62.5% of the total height in order to determine the basic density. The variance analysis indicated a significant difference to the volume, where the largest spacing achieved higher volumes per tree, however the smallest spacing had higher volumes per hectare. The basic wood density was not influenced by planting spacing. KEYWORDS: bioenergy demand, eucalyptus, volume.
Radiometric age determinations and Precambrian geochronology of Blekinge, southern Sweden

Abstract The geochronology of the metamorphosed bedrock of Blekinge, southeastern Sweden, has been investigated by U-Pb, Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr dating of whole rocks and minerals. A sample of acid metavolcanite from the Vastana formation, which has been assumed to be the oldest rock unit of the area, yields a U-Pb zircon age of 1705±8 Ma (2σ), and a sample of the ‘coastal gneiss’ from western Blekinge, thought to represent a more strongly recrystallized equivalent of the Vastana volcanites, yields a U-Pb age of 1690±39 Ma (2σ). The gneissic Tving granitoid in eastern Blekinge yields a U-Pb age of 1771±4 Ma (2σ). Together, these results suggest that the Blekinge province is not a southerly continuation of the Svecokarelian orogenic province of central Sweden. Instead it can be correlated with the Southwest-Swedish gneiss province, formed c. 1800–1650 Ma ago. The initial Sr and Nd isotope ratios suggest limited crustal prehistories for the source materials of the investigated Blekinge rocks. Rb-Sr whole-rock isoch.