Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Consumer Tax Evasion Theory under Information Inattention

This article studies the renewed interest surrounding sustainable public finance and the topic of tax evasion as well as the new theory of information inattention. Extending a model of tax evasion with the notion of inattention reveals novel findings about policy instruments that can be used to mitigate tax evasion. We show that the attention parameters regarding tax rates, financial penalty schemes and income levels are as important as the level of the detection probability and the financial penalty incurred. Thus, our theory recommends the enhancement of sustainability in public policy, particularly in tax policy. Consequently, the paper contributes both to the academic and public policy debate.
Epidemiology of Stripe Rust of Wheat: A Review

1 Division of Plant Pathology Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 180001, India 2 Advanced Centre for Horticulture Research, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Udheywalla 180 018, India. 3 Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India 4 Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture (CITH), Srinagar, 191132, India
Changes in Students’ Achievement Motivation in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Function of Extraversion/Introversion?

Students’ mental health has been an increased concern since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, academic outcomes have received very little attention. In this study, changes in students’ achievement motivation are investigated using an expectancy–value framework. Participants (n = 90) were high school students (grades 9 and 10) who reported on their expectancy and value perceptions in regard to learning before and during the pandemic (i.e., January and November 2020). Changes over time and as a function of extraversion/introversion were analyzed using repeated measures multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs). Most perceptions were found to be stable with the exception of interest in learning, which increased as a function of extraversion. Results are discussed in light of relevant pre-pandemic evidence.
Religious Freedom in Pakistan: A Case Study of Religious Minorities

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a multi-racial and multi-religious nation, with Muslims being in the majority. Its 1973 Constitution guarantees religious freedom to all religious minorities, including Christians, Hindus, and Sikhs. This is mainly because Islam itself ensures religious freedom to the whole of humanity. Unfortunately, some Muslim clerics seem to be attempting to deny religious freedom to other faiths in Pakistan. Their opposition to the plurality of faith contradicts Islamic principles. This research paper identifies such Islamic principles and examines the undesirability of the mistreatment of religious minorities in Pakistan, focusing on the arguments for and against religious freedom in Pakistan on the one hand, and the religious rights and freedoms of non-Muslim minorities from an Islamic perspective on the other. The methodology applied in this discussion is critical analysis. The conclusion drawn is that both the Constitution of Pakistan and Islam guarantee religious freedom to the country’s religious minorities. Finally, this study suggests some practical mechanisms to reconcile the different religious groups in Pakistan.
Why Can People Effectively Access Remote Associations? Eye Movements during Chinese Remote Associates Problem Solving

ABSTRACT An increasing number of studies have explored the process of how subjects solve problems through remote association. Most research has investigated the relationship between an individual’s response to semantic search during the think-aloud operation and the individual’s reply performance. Few studies, however, have examined the process of obtaining objective physiological indices. Eye-tracking technology is a powerful tool with which to dissect the process of problem solving, with tracked fixation indices that reflect an individual’s internal cognitive mechanisms. This study, based on participants’ fixation order for various stimulus words, was the first to introduce the concept of association search span, a concept that can be further divided into distributed association and centralized association. This study recorded 62 participants’ eye movement indices in an eye-tracking experiment. The results showed that participants with higher remote association ability used more distributed associations and fewer centralized associations. The results indicated that the stronger remote association ability a participant has, the more likely that participant is to form associations with different stimulus words. It was also found that flexible thinking plays a vital role in the generation of remote associations.
Scanning electron microscopy as a confirmatory tool for morphological identification of Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens

Background: Dirofilaria repens (Railliet & Henry, 1911) is a filarial nematode that mainly affects canids. It can also infect humans accidentally, causing subcutaneous or conjunctival lesions, especially in the Old-World, including Egypt. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is very useful in diagnosis and identification of different parasites including D. repens. Objective: The current work aimed use SEM as a confirmatory tool for morphological identification of D. repens. Material and Methods: Morphological diagnosis of the excised nematodes was performed by studying their naked eye and light microscopic appearance. This was then confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Three worms were identified; one excised from maxillofacial subcutaneous lesion and two were excised from the bulbar conjunctival lesion. All worms were females. Scanning electron microscopic examination showed external cuticular longitudinal ridges and circular striations on the whole worm length surface especially in the mid-body region, which are characteristic for D. repens. The anterior end of the worms was wider than the posterior end that possessed a dimple-like anal orifice. The anterior end of the subconjunctival worms was spoon-like, and wider than that of the subcutaneous worm. The dimple-like anal orifice of the subconjunctival worm was more retracted than that of the subcutaneous worm. Conclusion: Two new human cases of dirofilariasis have been diagnosed in Egypt. SEM was used as a confirmatory tool for their diagnosis.
Trunk rotation enhances movement of the knee abduction angle while running among female collegiate middle- and long-distance runners

This cohort study aimed to i) clarify the relationship between abduction of the knee joint and trunk motion during running in the stance phase, and ii) clarify the relationship between abduction of the knee joint during running in the stance phase and the amount of trunk rotation measured in a static position. Twenty-nine female collegiate middle- and long-distance runners participated. The knee abduction angle and absolute angles to the floor were calculated using a three-dimensional motion analysis device. Static trunk rotation was calculated. Trunk rotation angle to the supporting side (r = 0.525), thigh posterior tilt angle (r = -0.510), thigh adduction angle (r = 0.417), lower leg anterior tilt angle (r = -0.483), and static trunk rotation to the supporting side (r = -0.429) were significantly correlated with knee abduction angle. Trunk rotation angle to the supporting side (s = 0. 465), thigh adduction angle (s = 0.374), lower leg anterior tilt angle (s = 0.228), and static trunk rotation to the supporting side (s = -0.256) (R 2 = .556) were significantly correlated with the knee abduction angle. The increase or decrease in the knee abduction angle should consider the mutual influence of the lower limb and trunk motion.
Techno‐economic analysis of protein concentrate produced by flash hydrolysis of microalgae

Process simulation and techno‐economic analysis (TEA) of 95 wt % protein concentrate (water‐soluble peptides and free amino acids) from microalgae was performed using SuperPro Designer v9.0. The analysis includes processes such as microalgae cultivation, harvesting, protein extraction, and spray drying. The subcritical water‐based Flash Hydrolysis (FH) process was used in generating bench‐scale continuous flow reactor experimental data on protein extraction from microalgae slurry. The TEA is conducted for a baseline capacity of 153 metric tonnes per day (MT/day) protein concentrate production requiring a throughput of 336 MT/day dry algae assuming 54 wt % protein content. Sensitivity analysis reveals the following baseline economic figures. Fixed capital investment (FCI): $286 million; annual operating cost (AOC): $146 million; annualized cost: $185 million/year at 10% discount rate for 15 yr; unit cost of production: $2.99/kg protein depending on the algae slurry density; minimum selling price: $4.31/kg protein. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 881–890, 2018
Fermentation of Ferulated Arabinoxylan Recovered from the Maize Bioethanol Industry

Maize by-product from the bioethanol industry (distiller’s dried grains with solubles, DDGS) is a source of ferulated arabinoxylan (AX), which is a health-promoting polysaccharide. In the present study, AX from DDGS was fermented by a representative colonic bacterial mixture (Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and Bacteroides ovatus), and the effect of the fermented AX (AX-f) on the proliferation of the cell line Caco-2 was investigated. AX was efficiently metabolized by these bacteria, as evidenced by a decrease in the polysaccharide molecular weight from 209 kDa to < 50 kDa in AX-f, the release of ferulic acid (FA) from polysaccharide chains (1.14 µg/mg AX-f), and the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production (277 µmol/50 mg AX). AX-f inhibited the proliferation of Caco-2 cells by 80–40% using concentrations from 125–1000 µg/mL. This dose-dependent inverse effect was attributed to the increased viscosity of the media due to the polysaccharide concentration. The results suggest that the AX-f dose range and the SCFA and free FA production are key determinants of antiproliferative activity. Using the same polysaccharide concentrations, non-fermented AX only inhibited the Caco-2 cells proliferation by 8%. These findings highlight the potential of AX recovered from the maize bioethanol industry as an antiproliferative agent once fermented by colonic bacteria.
Growth performance of jute (Corchorus capsularies L.) as influenced by different organic manures

A pot experiment was carried out in 2019 in the net house of the Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, to evaluate the growth and yield of Jute plants (Corchorus capsularies L.) by applying different types of organic manures. Eight different types of organic manures viz. ACI, BGF-1, Mazim, Vermicompost, Shufola, GTS, Green and Poultry manures were collected from the local market. The experiment was set up following a completely randomized design (CRD) with nine treatments and three replications consisting of twenty-seven pots. Significant variation was observed in different growth and yield contributing characters. The highest plant height (19.83cm) in poultry manure, leaf number (8.33/plant) was observed in Green manure, leaf area (21.93 cm2 / plant) in Poultry manure, fresh weight (3.18g) and dry weight (2.25 g) were found in Poultry manure, stem girth (1.67 cm/plant) in Vermicompost, branch number (8.6/plant) in Green manure. The highest nutrient uptake by plants (kg/ha) occurred in Poultry manure. The overall best growth was observed in Poultry manure. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2020, 6(1): 17-24
The Effect of Inulin on the Physical and Textural Properties of Biscuits Containing Jet Milled Barley Flour

The quality properties of biscuits with partial replacement of sugar by inulin (at 0, 10, 20 and 30%) and wheat flour by barley flour (at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%) were studied. A commercial and a jet milled finer barley flour were used. For all flour substitutions, elevated amounts of inulin led to increased weight and decreased spread ratio of the biscuits. Inulin biscuits, within the same flour composition, were softer than those with no inulin but inulin’s concentration was not statistically important. The incorporation of barley flour resulted in reduced lightness, more evident in the case of the finer barley flour. Inulin also affected the lightness of the biscuits. Phenolic content was affected by the presence of barley flour but no clear trend of inulin’s effect was detected. The interactions between barley substitution, inulin substitution and particle size of the barley flour were important for all studied properties, i.e., weight, spread ratio, hardness, total phenolic content and color.
Transcriptome Analysis of The Whole Body Provides Novel Insights Into The Molecular Mechanisms of Growth, Immunity, and Metabolism During The Molting Cycle of The Juvenile Mud Crab Scylla Paramamosain

Background: Molting is an inherent cyclic process that occurs in all crustaceans and is essential for growth, metamorphosis, and reproduction. Recent studies have shown that many organs and systems are involved in molting regulation, including the hepatopancreas, the immune system, and production of ecdysteroids by Y-organs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the dynamic process of crab molting remain poorly understood at the whole-individual level. Therefore, we investigated global expression changes in the transcriptomes of the mud crab Scylla paramamosain, the most cultured crab species worldwide. We revealed a cascade of sequential expression events of molting-related genes involved in various aspects of the molting process by using whole-body sequencing of juvenile crabs. Results: RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) produced 139.49 Gb of clean reads and 20,436 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among different molting stages. The expression patterns for genes involved in several molecular events critical for molting, such as cuticle reconstruction, cytoskeletal structure remodeling, hormone regulation, immune responses, and metabolism, were characterized and considered as mechanisms underlying molting in S. paramamosain. Among these genes, we identified 10,695 DEGs in adjacent molting stages. In further GO and KEGG analyses, the significantly enriched pathways included structural constituents of cuticle, binding and chitin metabolic processes, steroid hormone biosynthesis, insulin resistance, and amino sugar metabolic processes. The expression profiles of 12 functional genes detected via RNA-Seq were corroborated via real-time RT-PCR assays. The results indicated gene expression profiles across the molting cycle and identified possible activation pathways for future investigation of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Conclusions: This study establishes a comprehensive transcriptomic repertoire for the molting process in S. paramamosain. The data generated in this study will serve as an important transcriptomic resource for the crab research community to facilitate gene and genome annotation and provide fundamental support for future research on molecular mechanisms in this species. Furthermore, the comprehensive analysis results will improve our understanding of morphological variation in the molting cycle and serve as a potential blueprint for future research on molting in crustaceans and other animals.
Association and variation among cooking quality traits in Kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

One hundred and ten Kabuli chickpea genotypes were studied for physical and gravimetric properties to judge their role in cooking quality. Seed index, seed volume, seed density, swelling capacity and seed coat content were found to be important attributes, affecting cooking quality to a greater extent The genotypes 'FLIP 88-36C', 'FLIP 88-39C', 'FLIP 90-127C','HK 91-23', 'HK 92-98', 'KH 92-96' and 'HK 92-100' were found to be better and could be used in breeding programme to select desirable segregants for cooking quality.
Local Wisdom Values in the Pujawali Tradition

This study aims to determine the local wisdom of the Buddhist community in Lombok, especially North Lombok in relation to the environment, nature, and plural social relations. The research method was carried out qualitatively on Buddhist communities in North Lombok Regency. This research results in the finding that basically the local wisdom of the Buddhist community is extracted from the experience of the community from the acculturation of the Majapahit Kingdom tradition which is very familiar with its environment and has long lived in a community culture that is one with nature, known asPujawali / memareq / worship. The local wisdom of Pujawali custom is a social and cultural condition which contains cultural values that respect and are adaptive to the natural surroundings, and are arranged steadily in a society's customs. Even though they are often considered old-fashioned, the values they teach and the practices they carry out are still a regular way of maintaining the environment and good relations between and within religious communities because they still hold strong beliefs about protecting nature means protecting life. Mujawali's wisdom teaches about maintaining harmony and unity, things that cannot be negotiated because actually the people of North Lombok have one ancestor in line with that in North Lombok the people hold the principle of helping merenten (we are all brothers).
Developing a Child and Adolescent Chorister Engagement Survey: Probing Perceptions of Early Collective Experiences and Outcomes

This article describes the design and implementation of a survey instrument specifically developed for 6–17-year-old Australian choral singers to access and measure participants’ perceptions of their self-esteem, self-efficacy, musical identity and social engagement as outcomes of participation in a high-quality choral ensemble. After reviewing existing music surveys and identifying their strengths, complementarities, differences and potential weaknesses, we adapted established surveys from psychology and social science literature to the choral music setting. An initial draft survey was trialled with higher education choristers and refined prior to implementation in six young choirs that were noted for their high-quality performance. Data from 202 surveys were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis and this resulted in a four-factor model. The validated survey was implemented twice over a six-month period with 61 choristers drawn from three choirs. Results showed that social and psychological benefits of choir participation were evidenced, maintained and even improved over time. Findings support the suitability and psychometric soundness of this new survey instrument, and demonstrate the usefulness of adapting psychological/social survey instruments to music research.
L. Cucurbita pepo modulates contact dermatitis in depressed rats through downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulation of antioxidant status

Introduction The link between psychological stress and skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis is established. Pumpkin was proved to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and accelerating wound healing potential. Aim To assess the efficacy of pumpkin fruit (Cucurbita pepo L.) extract (PE) in relieving contact dermatitis (CD) in depressed rats compared to a standard treatment of CD and explore the mechanism behind this effect. Material and methods Thirty male albino rats were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 4 weeks for induction of depression, then exposed to 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) for 2 weeks for induction of CD. The rats were then divided into 3 groups (n = 10 each); the positive control, Betamethasone-treated, and PE-treated groups. Depression was confirmed by the forced swim test and measuring the serum corticosterone level. Proinflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were measured in the skin and serum and their mRNA levels were assessed using qRT-PCR. Oxidant/antioxidant profile including levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) was assessed in the skin and serum. Histopathological assessment of skin samples was performed and CD4 and CD68 immunoexpression was assessed. Results The used PE included a large amount of oleic acid (about 56%) and a small amount of linoleic acid (about 1%). The topical application of PE significantly attenuated inflammation and oxidative changes attributed to CD associated with chronic stress-induced depression comparable to the standard treatment of CD. PE significantly alleviated signs and histopathological score of CD (p < 0.001) through the significant down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the significant up-regulation of antioxidants in the skin. Significant down-regulation (p < 0.001) of TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2 and iNOS gene expression in the PE-treated group confirmed the anti-inflammatory action of PE. Conclusions The pumpkin extract, applied topically in CD associated with depression, could be an alternative as well as preventive approach in treating CD. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidants activity of pumpkin is a proposed mechanism behind this effect. Further studies to test this effect on volunteer patients of CD are recommended.
Assessment of magnetite as a magnetic tracer for sediments in the study of ephemeral gully erosion: Conditioning factors of magnetic susceptibility

In gully erosion, the detached soil can be transported over long distances along the landscape. The eroded material can be redistributed and/or deposited on the soil surface along the landscape and then eventually be buried by newly eroded and deposited sediment. There can be significant variability of the soil conditions (e.g., texture and moisture content) over which the eroded material travels. The eroded material can be detected through the use of magnetic tracers attached to or mixed with the eroded soil. In this study we evaluated the degree to which the magnetic signal of the magnetite is conditioned by (i) burial depth of tracer, (ii) condition of soil covering the tracer and (iii) tracer concentration. In the laboratory containers were filled with a specific soil. In the filling process, a 0.5‐cm layer of a soil–magnetite mixture was interspersed in the soil profile at a certain depth. Experiments encompassed three different soil–tracer concentrations (1000:1, 200:1, 100:1), four burial depths of tracer (0 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm and 10 cm from soil surface), and two different soils. In each case, the magnetic susceptibility was measured with a susceptometer. Experiments were repeated with different soil moisture contents. If the tracer is located under the soil surface, a minimum soil–tracer concentration of 200:1 is required for its correct detection. The intensity of the magnetic signal decreases dramatically with the vertical distance of the tracer from the soil surface. The maximum detection depth for the tracer's magnetic signal is strongly dependent on the natural magnetic susceptibility of the soil, which masks the tracer's signal. Variation in soil moisture content does not significantly affect the magnetic signal. For extensive field studies, the soil–tracer volume to be handled would be very high and therefore, it is necessary to explore new tracer application techniques.