Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Association of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor (PAI-1) Level and 4G/5G Gene Polymorphism with Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background and purpose: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a regulatory enzyme of fibrinolytic system point mutation. PLA-1 is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in many ethnic groups. The aim of the study was to detect the association of 4G/5G PAI-1 polymorphism as a risk factor for DN in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Study design: case control study. Place: Internal Medicine department, Chemical Pathology department, Kasr Al Ainy Hospital Subjects & Method: ninety patients with type 2 DM divided into two equal groups one without diabetic nephropathy and the other had diabetic nephropathy. Assessment: The assessment was carried out by obtaining full personal history and history of diabetes (onset, duration and complications). Laboratory investigations were done including (fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, glycosylated hemoglobin, albumin / Creatinine ratio, genomic DNA extraction and analysis of PAI gene polymorphism by singlespecific primer (SSP)PCR. Plasma level of PAI-1was assayed by ELISA). The gained measures were analyzed by using SPSS program, t-test and chi-square were used to compare between groups. Results: The genomic DNA analysis of (PAI-1) 4G/5G gene polymorphism (rs 1799889) revealed no statistically significant difference in the distribution of different genotypes (p= 1.0). The frequency of 4G/4G genotype was (8.9% and 11.1%), 4G/5G genotype was (48.9% and 48.9%) and 5G/5G genotype was (42.2% and 40%) in group one (diabetic patient without nephropathy) and group two (diabetic patients with nephropathy) respectively. Plasma levels of PAI-1 were not associated with PAI-1 mutation, also there was no statistically significant difference between PAI-1 level and DN (p= 0.548). Conclusion: PAI-1 gene mutation was not associated with increased risk for diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients and had no effect on plasma levels of PAI-1. [Ahmed Abdelmoaty Elnaggar, Mai Mohsen Fawzy, Waleed Elnabawy, Manal Mohamed Kamal and Nahed Mohamed Ibrahim. The Association of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor (PAI-1) Level and 4G/5G Gene Polymorphism with Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus . J Am Sci 2017;13(11):43-46]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience. org. 5. doi:10.7537/marsjas131117.05.
A novel polyphenolic compound isolated from Acacia sieberiana

Chromatographic separation of 80% MeOH extract of the leaves of Acacia sieberiana was performed. Chemical structures of the isolated compounds were established by spectral techniques (UV, H, and C NMR, MS) resulted in identification of a novel polyphenolic compound 6,7,8-trihydroxy3,4'-dimethoxy dihydroflavone with seven known polyphenolic compounds isolated for the first time from this species.  2013 Trade Science Inc. INDIA
Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in rural field practice area of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India

Anaemia is the most common nutritional deficiency disorder in the world. Itis a major healthproblem that affects 25-50% of the population of the world and approximately 50% of pregnant women. WHO has estimated that prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women is 14% in developed and 51% in developing countries and 65-75% in India. India contributes to about 80% of the maternal deaths due to anaemia in South Asia. Anaemia in pregnancy accounts for one fifth of maternal deaths worldwide and is a major factor responsible for low birth weight. Prevalence of anaemia is higher among pregnant women and it persists in India despite of the availability of effective, low-cost interventions for prevention and treatment. India became the first developing country to take up a National Nutritional Anaemia Prophylaxis Program (NNAP) to prevent anaemia among pregnant women. NNAPP was initiated in 1970 during the fourth 5-year health plan with the aim of reducing the prevalence of anaemia to 25%. Hence the present study was carried out with an objectives to study the prevalence of anaemia among rural pregnant ABSTRACT
Glutathione S transeferase as a prediagnostic tool and tumor marker in breast cancer

Breast cancer is one of leading causes of death in women, polymorphism of glutathione stransferase (GSTT1) gene is known of risk factor for some environmental related diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of polymorphism in GSTT1 gene and breast cancer in Egyptian women at Sharkia governorate, and to analyze the correlation of GSTT1gene polymorphism with some hematological parameters.GSTT1 gene polymorphism were genotyped by using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 200 Egyptian women,100 patients suffered from breast cancer and 100 healthy women had no history of cancer, other physiological parameters were elevated as kidney function parameters (creatinine. Urea), liver function parameters (Albumin, AST, ALT, LDH), reproductive parameters (FSH, LH, PRL and Estrogen). Breast cancer women had a significance prevalence of GSTT1 null p=(0.002) than control group, GSTT1 null genotype in age group (40-60) in cancer cases p=(0.000) comparing with age group (40-60) in control group. GSTT1 null genotype in cancer group (40-60) associated with higher significance in some physiological parameters as creatinine, FSH, PRL and Estrogen.GSTT1 gene polymorphism may play an important role in pathogens and susceptibility to breast cancer in Egyptian women. [Ahmed A. Hendawy, Mohsen R. tolba, Amal F. Gharib and Noha A. Ibrahim. Glutathione S transeferase as Aprediagnostic tool and tumor marker in breast cancer.J Am Sci2016;12(7):182-193]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience. org.18. doi:10.7537/marsjas120716.18.
THE EFFECTS OF SARCOTESTA AND STORAGE TEMPERATURE ON THE LONGEVITY OF SEEDS OF FIVE PAPAYA (Carica papaya ) LANDRACES

The study was done to investigate the effects of sarcotesta and storage temperature on seed longevity in papaya ( Carica papaya). Seeds extracted from ripe fruits of five different landraces (FUTM-Da, FUTM-Gmk, FUTM-Gmg, FUTM-Coe and FUTM-Gkw) were shade-dried to a moisture of about 10% with or without the removal of the sarcotesta. Samples of the dry seeds of the different landraces were packaged in paper envelopes and stored at 12 C or 30 C. Seedling emergence in top soil was tested immediately after seed drying and at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks of storage. Values obtained which did not differ significantly between seeds with or without sarcotesta, were low (13 to 60%) prior to storage in all landraces. An increase was however recorded within the first four to eight weeks after storage irrespective of treatment. At the peak, seedling emergence of up to about 70% to 90% in seeds stored without sarcotesta were recorded, whereas the maximum emergence of seedlings from seeds with sarcotesta was mostly between 52% and 75%. The superiority of 12 C over 30 C in terms of viability maintenance was more consistent in seeds stored without sarcotesta,,seeds stored without sarcotesta stored better than those with sarcotesta. In all treatments, seedling emergence decreased after a maximum value was recorded. However, viability was best maintained in FUTM-Co without sarcotesta.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OPEN VERSUS LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard for cholecystectomy replacing decades old open cholecystectomy. This study compared open cholecystectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a medical college in rural setup consisting of 60 patients with a diagnosis of calculus cholecystitis, that underwent Cholecystectomy at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Acharya Vinobha Bhave Rural Hospital from October 2015 T0 September 2017. Aim: To To study the advantages of laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy. Objectives: 1. To compare the operative time of surgery in open and laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. 2. To compare intraoperative and postoperative complications of both surgical procedures 3. To compare post operative pain in both surgical procedures 4. To compare duration of post operative hospital stay in both surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: All patients undergoing cholecystectomy either by open approach or by laparoscopic approach admitted in the AVBRH of JNMC were Included in the study. Patients of carcinoma gall bladder, patients in whom cholecystectomy is a part of another surgical procedure were excluded from the study. Type of Study: observational study. Sample size:-60 cases 30 patients in each group (Open Cholecystectomy and Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy). Result: Mean duration of Surgery: Open (81.50±16.72 min), Laparoscopy (101.66±35.99 min). Mean post operative pain (VAS): Open (5.9 ± 1.18), Laparoscopic (3.83 ± 0.78). Complications: Open cholecystectomy33.33% (10 patients), laparoscopic cholecystectomy-13.33% (4 patients). Mean post of hospital stay: Open (9.16 ± 3.54 days), Laparoscopy (3.56 ± 1.47 days). Conversation rate of Laparoscopic to Open cholecystectomy is 21.05%. Conclusion: laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with low complication rates, confers an advantage of less post operative pain and shorter hospital stay as compared to the open procedure. The only disadvantage of the Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is longer duration of operating time. Conversion to open cholecystectomy should be done in proper time and conversion in such case reflects sound judgment and is not be considered as a complication.
Interactions between insulin like growth factor 1, thyroid hormones and blood energy metabolites in cattle with postpartum inactive ovaries

The relationship among insulin-like growth factor-1, thyroid hormones, energy metabolites and ovarian activity was investigated in cattle with postpartum inactive ovaries. The study was conducted on two groups of cows. The first group consisted of 10 cows with postpartum inactive ovaries (non-cyclic cows) based on rectal and ultrasonographic examination. The second group consisted of 8 cows in estrus (cyclic cows). The evaluated parameters included serum concentrations of variables of energy metabolites such as glucose (GLU), total lipids (TL), triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TCH). Serum concentrations of total proteins (TP) were also measured. The hormones evaluated in this study included metabolic hormones such as insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3) in addition to hormonal indicators of ovarian activity as progesterone (PRO) and estradiol (E2). The results revealed that serum levels of E2 was significantly lower (P<0.05) in the non-cyclic cows compared with the cyclic group. Serum GLU concentrations showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) while TL and TCH were significantly increased (P<0.05). Metabolic hormones profile demonstrated a significant decrease (P<0.05) in IGF-1, T4 and T3 in cows with inactive ovaries compared to the cyclic cows. Correlations between the monitored variables indicated that there was a significant positive correlation (P<0.05) between GLU and E2 and a significant negative relationship between TL, TCH and E2 (P<0.05). We reported a significant positive correlation (P<0.05) between IGF-1 and E2, GLU, T4 and T3. T4 was positively correlated (P<0.05) with E2, GLU, IGF-1 and T3, while a significant negative relationship between T4 and both TL and TCH was recorded. There was also a significant positive correlation between T3 and E2, GLU, IGF-I and T4. Significant positive correlation between TL and TCH was found while serum glucose showed no strong correlations with other energy-related metabolites. These results suggest that incidence of low reproductive performance in the postpartum lactating cows is associated with a decrease of some metabolic hormones such as IGF-1, T4 and T3 and the alterations seen in these hormones could be tightly related with changing in energy metabolites suggesting that energy influences ovarian activity in postpartum lactating cows possibly through changes in secretory patterns of these metabolic hormones. [Nahed Saleh, Emad Mahmud, Emad Waded. Interactions between insulin like growth factor 1, thyroid hormones and blood energy metabolites in cattle with postpartum inactive ovaries. Nature and Science 2011;9(5):56-63]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub. net.
STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PERCEPTION REGARDING MEDICOLEGAL AUTOPSY AMONG MALAYSIAN HINDUS: A FOCUS ON HINDUISM

Autopsy plays a vital role in determining the cause of death. The awareness and knowledge about medico-legal autopsy is still questionable even among the well educated people. The aim of this present study is to investigate the knowledge, attitude and perception regarding medico-legal autopsy among Malaysian Hindus.A cross sectional design was used in order to achieve the research objective more precisely. A total of 200 Malaysian Hindus aged above 18 years were participated in the study. A questionnaire was designed to determine the knowledge, attitude and perception regarding medico-legal autopsy among them.Theinvestigation provided ranges of result showing the varied knowledge among the Malaysian Hindus. The results were analysed statistically using frequency and percentageand presented as tables and figures. Surprisingly 28% of the respondents did not know the meaning of autopsy/post-mortem and remaining 72% of the participants have the knowledge of autopsy. It is shown that 70.5% of the respondents have agreed that medico-legal autopsy is the procedure in establishing the cause and manner of death accurately in clinical and forensic cases and 29.5% of the respondent disagreed this statement. The result revealed that based on the cultural belief, 72.5% of the participants are allowing autopsy while remaining 27.5% are objecting autopsy. Although the majority of the respondents are aware and accepting of medico-legal autopsy, considering the refusal rate, steps are needed to increase the awareness and confident on medico-legal autopsy among Malaysian Hindus.
Gait Recognition System Using Gabor Wavelet and Active Gait Differential Image

Gait is a behavioural biometric process that serves to identify persons using their walking style. It is un-obstructive, not easy to conceal and offers distance recognition. Various approaches have been employed to improve the performance and accuracy of gait biometric systems but the performance is yet to measure up to that of other biometric recognition systems. In this work, Gabor wavelets were used to extract Active Gait Differential Image (AGDI) features, while Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used for feature dimensionality reduction. The classification was performed using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and silhouette images from Chinese Academy of Science Institute of Automation (CASIA) gait dataset was used for testing. The performance was evaluated using accuracy, equal error rate, false acceptance rate and false rejection rate and it gave 99.19%, 1%, 0%, and 2% respectively for the metrics used.
DIVERGENCE IN THE VERMICOMPOSTING OF GREEN AND SENESCENCE BLACK PLUM (SYZYGIUM CUMINI) LEAF LITTERS

In the present scenario, generation of organic solid waste is foremost trouble demands healthy and sustainable elucidation. Vermicomposting is an appropriate biotechnological approach to transform organic solid waste into valuable product. Vermicomposting process is carried out by suitable exotic verities of earthworm. These Earthworms utilize semi digested organic waste include carbohydrate and protein as a source of food and produces vermicast which is rich in nutrients. Because more than 40 % part of city waste composed of plant materials therefore it can be a better utilizes in vermicomposting process. In the present experiment, plant material viz. Green leaf litters (GLL) and senescence leaf litter (SLL) of Black plum (Syzygium cumini) was taken and converted into vermicompost through Eisenia foetida and Eudrilus eugenia. Result revealed that vermicomposting mixture of both GLL and SLL showed similar trend in pH and temperature variation. The result of moisture contained revealed that SLL required more water to maintain adequate moisture than GLL. Total nitrogen content and total organic carbon were found more in GLL than SLL.
THE TAXONOMIC COMPOSITION OF THE FORENSICALLY IMPORTANT INSECTS IN THE RABBIT CARCASSES DURING TWO SEASONS IN AN-NAJAF PROVINCE –IRAQ

This study was conducted to gather database information about forensically important insects on exposed rabbit carcasses at urban sites in An-Najaf province-Iraq during Winter and Autumn of year 2014. A total of 896.3 individual belonging to 10 species from 7 families under 3 orders were successfully identified from study sites. These orders were Diptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. The most important families of Diptera breed on carcass was Calliphoridae such as Calliphora vicina (Rob-Desvoidy), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius), Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann), Lucilia sericata (Meigen), Sarcophagidae such as Sarcophaga africa (Wiedemann), Dermestidae was most important families of Coleoptera such as Dermestes maculatus (De Geer). The majority of the collected species were Calliphora vicina, Chrysomya albiceps and Sarcophaga africa. All of these species can used as forensic indicators to estimate the PMI.
Determinants of Interest Rate Spreads in Nepalese Commercial Banks

This study has examined determinants of interest rate spreads of commercial banks in Nepal using the panel data of 7 commercial banks over the period of 6 years (2010-2015). This study has employed the pooled OLS model, fixed effect model and random effect model to investigate the bank-specific variables affecting interest rate spread. The estimated regression models reveal that default risk, profitability and bank size have significant and positive impact on interest rate spreads. Cash reserve requirement has negligible effect on interest rate spreads. Thus, this study concludes that the major determinants of commercial banks’ interest rate spreads are default risk, profitability and bank size in Nepal.
A CLINICAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF DEVADALIPHALA NASYA ON KAMALA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HEPATIC JAUNDICE

Kamala is rakta pradosaja vikara, where there is aversion towards all desires. Two types of Kamala are mentioned in Ayurveda classics vizKoshthashakhashrita Kamala and Shakhashrita Kamala. Koshthashakhashrita kamala is characterised by Peet netra, peet mutra, Twaka, varchas, Daurvalya, Aruchi, Agnimandhya, jwara, Chardi, Daha, Avipaka and Hatendriya. Conventional or synthetic drugs used in the treatment of liver diseases are inadequate and sometimes can have serious side effects. In absence of a reliable liver protective drug in modern medicine, there are number of medicinal preparations in Ayurveda recommended for the treatment of liver disorders Jaundice is also a common liver disorder which is observed in good amount of patients in the routine medical practice. It is included under Pittaja and Raktaja Rogas, as a complication of Pandu Roga when it is treated improperly. Vagbhatt also have stated that if Pitta dominant person indulges in Pitta Prakopaka Ahara and Vihara, then there is possibility of Svatantra manifestation of Kamala. Considering all these the present study was under taken to evaluate the efficacy of Devadaliphala nasya in management of Koshthashakhashrita Kamala.
MASONRY STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR AT DIFFERENT SCALES UNDER COMPRESSIVE LOADING

This paper discusses the effect of scale on masonry structural behaviour under compressive loading. Reduced scales have been employed to understand masonry structural behaviour over the years, because testing prototype masonry structures is both costly and difficult to control in terms of instrumentation. A programme of tests have been carried out at four scales namely prototype, half, fourth and sixth scale under compression with a view to understanding how each of these conditions affects masonry structural behaviour over the range of scales enumerated. The results show that masonry compressive strength is increased as the scale is reduced but the stiffness is not markedly influenced.
Sweating and hyperhidrosis

Sweating is essential for temperature regulation. In humans, body temperature is maintained at about 37C by the thermoregulatory centre in the hypothalamus. This receives input from two sets of thermoreceptors; receptors in the hypothalamus itself monitor the core temperature as blood passes through the brain and skin receptors monitor external temperature. Both measures are needed so that the body can make appropriate adjustments. The thermoregulatory centre sends impulses to several effectors to adjust body temperature, for example, by increasing peripheral vasodilation and sweating to lose heat. Sweating can also occur as a response to other triggers, including:
Understanding the Socio-Psychological, Demographic, Obstetric and Treatment-Status Aspects of Fertility Desire among Anti-Retroviral Treatment Clients, Dodota District, Oromia, Ethiopia

Background: The reproductive decisions made by partners of and people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) impact the wellbeing of their families. Multi contexts correlates of fertility desire are less studied among Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ARVT) clients. Methods: We used health facility based cross sectional study design. The study was conducted from February 20 to March 30, 2016 on 242 ARVT clients. A pre-tested and structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data. The data were analyzed using the windows statistical package for social science software version 21. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis were used to describe fertility desires and associated factors. Results: Ninety-five (39.3%) of the ARVT clients wished to have more children. One hundred thirty two (54.5%) of them were using Family Planning (FP) methods. Two-third of, or 91 (68.9%) FP users planned to have no more children. Seventy-six (31.6%) of the respondents gave birth after knowing their HIV sero-status. Young males who had never had child and married respondents were more likely to desire fertility in the foreseable future compared to their counterparts. Respondents, who work as merchants were less likely to wish to have a child compared to the housewives. Two hundred thirty-nine (97.6%) of the respondents generally knew about Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HV/AIDS. This level of knowledge was strongly associated with fertility desire itself. In fact, qualitative findings portrayed social pressure, perceived compensation from giving birth to a healthy newborn and eagerness for confirmation as chief reasons for the desire to give birth to a baby. Knowledge of PMTCT of HIV/ AIDS moderated the paths of these chief reasons. Having been followed for a long time in an ARVT clinic and better recent CD4 counts were significant contributors to fertility desire. Conclusions: Two in every five ARVT clients wish to have a child. To meet their fertility desires; sociodemographic, maternity and psychosocial contexts specific Information-Education-Communication (IEC) should be initiated shortly after enrollment on ARVT. Those who never gave birth, males, married, merchants deserve especial attention.