Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of horse gender on British Eventing competition performance: An observational study between 1998-2016

: To test the hypothesis that gender affects horse score in eventing competition, data on the scores and points awarded to 681 horses was collected from the British Eventing website. Equal numbers of mares, geldings and stallions were used, all foaled during or after 1994 and aged four to ten years. The study included five levels of competition (BE90, BE100, Novice, Intermediate and Advanced) and investigated differences in mean phased scores, total scores, and rank in competition. Additionally, the mean and median ‘BE points per competition’ of each gender was compared. Significant differences in performance between genders were found at all levels except Advanced. Differences were highlighted in average phased and total scores, rank, and median points per competition. There was an overall pattern of stallions and geldings outperforming mares, though this was not found to be true at all levels. The only area in which mares were found to perform significantly better than geldings or stallions was show-jumping time penalties at BE90.
Human Immunodeﬁciency Virus Type 1 Subtypes Have a Distinct Long Terminal Repeat That Determines the Replication Rate in a Host-Cell-Speciﬁc Manner

The long terminal repeat (LTR) transcriptional promoters of different human immunodeﬁciency virus (HIV) type 1 subtypes were inserted into the LAI molecular clone of subtype B. The viral genotypes represent seven subtypes (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) and one circulating recombinant form (AG). We performed replication studies with this isogenic set of viruses across six cellular environments. This approach revealed strong cellular environment effects, but the method was not sensitive enough to detect small differences in the replication rate between the subtypes. By conducting pairwise competition experiments between the virus variants in six cellular environments, we could demonstrate signiﬁcant differences in the replication rates of the subtypes and that LTR-determined viral ﬁtness depends both on the host cell type and the activation state of the cell. In addition, we determined the degree of conservation of the transcription factor-binding sites (TFBS) in the different-subtype LTRs by analyzing sequences from the HIV sequence database. The sequence analyses revealed subtype-speciﬁc conservation of certain TFBS. The
Sequential analysis and the law of the iterated logarithm

Later Robbins found a way to correct the misbehavior of the RST. He discovered the positive side of the LIL. His idea was that, to control the error probabilities over all sample sizes, one has just to make the boundaries a little bit wider than /n. However this meant the construction of tests of power one (cf. Robbins, (1970)). Together with Darling and Siegmund, Robbins studied the error probabilities and expected sample sizes of these tests ? His students * This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. AMS 1980 subject classifications. Primary 62L15; Secondary 60G40, 62C10.
Transition to doubly diﬀusive chaos

Doubly diﬀusive convection driven by horizontal gradients of temperature and salinity is studied in a three-dimensional enclosure of square horizontal cross-section and large aspect-ratio. Previous studies focused on the primary instability and revealed the formation of subcritical branches of spatially localized states. These states lose stability due to the twist instability, thereby precluding the presence of any related stable steady states beyond the primary bifurcation and giving rise to spontaneous temporal complexity for supercritical parameter values. This paper investigates the emergence of this novel behavior. In particular, chaos is shown to be produced at a crisis bifurcation located close to the primary bifurcation. The critical exponent related to this crisis bifurcation is found to yield an unusually abrupt transition. The construction of a low-dimensional model highlights that only few requirements are necessary for this type of transition to occur. It is, as a consequence, believed to be observable in many other systems.
Bio-efficacy of promising post-emergence herbicides alone and in combination against major weeds in soybean

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif season of 2015 at Agriculture Research Station, Kasbe Digraj, Sangli, Mahatma Phule Agricultural University, Maharashtra, India. The dominant broad-leaved weeds in the field were Commelina benghalensis , Acalypha indica , Digera arvensis , Parthenium hysterophorus , Amaranthus viridis and Euphorbia geniculata . Grassy weeds were Echinochloa colonum , Brachiaria reptans , Dinebra arabica, Digitaria longiflora and Cynadon dactylon and Cyperus rotundus as sedge. Results revealed that, post-emergence application of Fluazifop-p-butyl + Fomesafen @ 300 g a.i. ha -1 recorded significantly lower weed density and total weed dry weight at 45 DAS. Higher weed control efficiency (86.36%) was recorded with post-emergence application Fluazifop-p-butyl + Fomesafen @ 300 g a.i. ha -1 . Post-emergence application of Fluazifop-p-butyl + Fomesafen @ 300 g a.i. ha -1 recorded significantly higher seed yield (1776.00 kg ha -1 ) and which was at a par with application of Imazethapyr + Quizalofop-ethyl @ 175 g a.i. ha -1 as post-emergence and weed free check with highest B:C ratio.
How can shared leadership in self-organizing teams act as a catalyst for individual knowledge sharing behaviour?

Individual knowledge sharing behaviour is considered critical in today’s competitive world in order to achieve competitive advantage. This study examines the relationship between shared leadership and individual knowledge sharing behaviour in self-organizing teams. We argue that employees’ basic psychological need satisfaction (PNS) in terms of autonomy, competence and relatedness mediate this relationship. Additionally, we investigate the moderating role of task interdependence on the shared leadership and PNS relationship. The research model was tested with survey data collected from 86 employees from a Dutch consultancy firm in the knowledge-based industry. In this organization, self-organizing teams were implemented in 2017 based on shared leadership principles. The results show that shared leadership is an important factor for enhancing individual knowledge sharing behaviour, both directly and indirectly through employees’ PNS for relatedness. No explanatory effects were found regarding the PNS for autonomy and competence. Additionally, no significant moderating effect was found regarding task interdependence. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings. the data did not meet all assumptions of normal distributions. This might have had an effect on the regression models. we our models for a possible effect due to heteroscedasticity and abnormal distributions. For the correlation coefficient, we used both Pearson and Spearman rho correlation method using R software. To test our regression models, we used log-functions to transform our variables and thereby correcting them to meet the conditions for normal distribution. This did not lead to significant changes in our main findings. To illustrate, the results regarding Model 2 using log-scores showed qualitative similar significance regarding to the direct effect of shared leadership on individual knowledge sharing behaviour ( β = 0.67, S.E. = 0.1, R²= 0.41, F(9/76) = 0.87, p <0.001). With these results, we provide evidence that prove the robustness of our used models.
Provider management strategies of abnormal test result alerts: a cognitive task analysis

Objective Electronic medical records (EMRs) facilitate abnormal test result communication through “alert” notiﬁcations. The aim was to evaluate how primary care providers (PCPs) manage alerts related to critical diagnostic test results on their EMR screens, and compare alert-management strategies of providers with high versus low rates of timely follow-up of results. Design 28 PCPs from a large, tertiary care Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) were purposively sampled according to their rates of timely follow-up of alerts, determined in a previous study. Using techniques from cognitive task analysis, participants were interviewed about how and when they manage alerts, focusing on four alert-management features to ﬁlter, sort and reduce unnecessary alerts on their EMR screens. Results Provider knowledge of alert-management features ranged between 4% and 75%. Almost half (46%) of providers did not use any of these features, and none used more than two. Providers with higher versus lower rates of timely follow-up used the four features similarly, except one (customizing alert notiﬁcations). Providers with low rates of timely follow-up tended to manually scan the alert list and process alerts heuristically using their clinical judgment. Additionally, 46% of providers used at least one workaround strategy to manage alerts. Conclusion Considerable heterogeneity exists in provider use of alert-management strategies; speciﬁc strategies may be associated with lower rates of timely follow-up. Standardization of alert-management strategies including improving provider knowledge of appropriate tools in the EMR to manage alerts could reduce the lack of timely follow-up of abnormal diagnostic test results.
Visual Comparison of Ensemble Averaged Transverse Arching Profiles of Golden Age Cremonese Violins and Curtate Cycloid Curves

Previous research indicated that arching profiles of golden age Cremonese violins are not accurately represented by curtate cycloid curves and that a high degree of variability exists among the arching profiles of those instruments. This follow up study generated ensemble averaged arching profiles from size-normalized arching profiles for three profile locations (upper bout, C bout and lower bout) of six violins and visually compared them to mathematically generated curtate cycloid curves. Curtate cycloid curves appear to closely match ensemble averaged profiles at the C bout location only. An attempt was also made to identify other mathematically generated curve types that may offer close approximations to ensemble averaged profiles, using automated curve fitting software. Only polynomials of at least 5 th order were identified as candidates offering close approximations. A single Cartesian function approximating the ensemble averaged profiles was identified which may be of use to modern violin makers desiring to make use of these profiles in modern instruments.
E ﬀ ect of Inclusion of Degraded and Non-Degraded Date Pits in Broilers’ Diet on their Intestinal Microbiota and Growth Performance

solid-state by cellulolytic fungi. These methods aim to enhance the digestion of complex carbohydrates and decrease anti-nutritional constituents. In this study, the impact of non-degraded date pits (NDDP) and degraded date pits (DDP) using the cellulolytic fungus Trichoderma reesei in broiler’s diets on the gut bacterial growth and growth performance was investigated. It was found that when DDP are present at a rate of 10% of the broilers’ diet, it boosted gut health by increasing prebiotic production, thus serving as a growth promoter in broilers’ nutrition. Abstract: The current study aims to assess the e ﬀ ect of non-degraded date pits (NDDP) and degraded date pits (DDP) in broilers’ diets on gut microbiota and growth performance. The degradation of date pits (DP) occurred via the cellulolytic fungus Trichoderma reesei by a solid-state degradation procedure. One-day-old Brazilian broilers were allocated into six dietary groups: (1) maize–soy diet, (2) maize–soy diet with oxytetracycline (20%, 50 g 100 kg − 1 ), (3) maize–soy diet with 5% NDDP, (4) maize–soy diet with 10% NDDP, (5) maize–soy diet with 5% DDP, and (6) maize–soy diet with 10% DDP. At the end of the trial, the total count of bacteria was signiﬁcantly ( p < 0.05) less in broilers fed 10% DDP diet (treatment 6) compared with the control group (treatment 1). In addition, DDP and oxytetracycline control diets have a similar diminishing e ﬀ ect on total bacterial counts and the populations of Salmonella , Campylobacter , Shigella spp. , and Escherichia coli . Over 35 days of trial, weight gains were similar among the six dietary groups. Our results showed that DDP and control diets have a similar e ﬀ ect on growth performance. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was poorer in broilers fed NDDP diets than other treatments. The European Production E ﬃ ciency Index (EPEI) was greater with 5% and 10% DDP than those fed NDDP at the same levels, with no signiﬁcant variance from the control and antibiotic-supplemented diet (treatment 2). Overall, it can be suggested that maintaining 10% of DDP can partly replace dietary maize while also serves as a gut health enhancer and thus a growth promoter in the diet for broilers.
PERFORMANCE OF GROWING RAHMANY LAMBS FED ON RATIONS CONTAINING JOJOBA MEAL

Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of using jojoba meal in ration on growing lambs performance. The first experiment was carried out to determine the in vitro disappearance of dry and organic matter (IVDMD and IVOMD) of the different experimental concentrates containing different levels of jojoba meal from 0 to 24% instead of undecorticated cottonseed meal.Depending on the results of first experiment 20 growing Rahmany lambs (about 6 mouths old and 21kg body weight) were used to evaluate the effect of feeding jojoba rations on the growth performance. Animals were randomly assigned into 4 similar feeding groups (5 animals each) to fed one of the experimental rations, all rations consisted of 50% roughage (25% clover hay + 25% rice straw) and 50% concentrate feed mixture (CFM) without jojoba meal (R1, control), 3% jojoba meal (R2), 6% jojoba meal (R3) or 9% jojoba meal (R4). Rations were formulated to cover maintenance and growth requirements of the growing lambs according to NRC, 1994. At the end of feeding trial nutrients digestibility, blood, rumen and carcass treats were be carried out. Results of second experiment indicated that the digestibility of DM, OM, CP, EE, NFE and nutritive value expressed as TDN decreased (P<0.05) with increasing the level of jojoba meal in the rations, except CF digestibility and nutritive value expressed as DCP of lambs fed R4 recorded higher values (P<0.05) than the other rations. Also, animals fed R4 recorded higher (P<0.05) values of blood serum albumin and globulin, feed efficiency expressed as kg DM, TDN and DCP /kg gain among the other groups. On the other hand total protein, GPT and GOT concentration, ruminal pH values and DCP intake were not significantly (P<0.05) affected by the jojoba meal levels. Lambs received R1 and R2 showed higher (P<0.05) albumin/ globulin ratio, NH 3 -N, weight gain, feed intake expressed as DM or TDN, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, rumen full and empty, pelt, tail weight separable fat, meat and fat in carcass compared with those in other rations . Carcass characteristics of lambs were significantly less (P<0.05) affected by addition of jojoba meal to rations. Conclusively, it could be recommended that replacing undecorticated cottonseed meal with jojoba meal (till 9%) in growing lambs rations seems to be the best for good performance and economic efficiency.
WHERE STARS FORM: INSIDE-OUT GROWTH AND COHERENT STAR FORMATION FROM HST H α MAPS OF 2676 GALAXIES ACROSS THE MAIN SEQUENCE AT Z ∼ 1

We present H α maps at 1 kpc spatial resolution for star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 1, made possible by the WFC3 grism on HST. Employing this capability over all ﬁve 3D-HST/CANDELS ﬁelds provides a sample of 2676 galaxies enabling a division into subsamples based on stellar mass and star formation rate. By creating deep stacked H α images, we reach surface brightness limits of 1 × 10 - 18 ergs - 1 cm - 2 arcsec - 2 , allowing us to map the distribution of ionized gas out to greater than 10 kpc for typical L ∗ galaxies at this epoch. We ﬁnd that the spatial extent of the H α distribution increases with stellar mass as r H α = 1 . 5( M ∗ / 10 10 M ⊙ ) 0 . 23 kpc. Furthermore, the H α emission is more extended than the stellar continuum emission, consistent with inside-out assembly of galactic disks. This effect, however, is mass dependent with r H α / r ∗ = 1 . 1( M ∗ / 10 10 M ⊙ ) 0 . 054 , such that at low masses r H α ∼ r ∗ . We map the H α distribution as a function of SFR(IR+UV) and ﬁnd evidence for ‘coherent star formation’ across the SFR-M ∗ plane: above the main sequence, H α is enhanced at all radii; below the main sequence, H α is depressed at all radii. This suggests that at all masses the physical processes driving the enhancement or suppression of star formation act throughout the disks of galaxies. It also conﬁrms that the scatter in the star forming main sequence is real and caused by variations in the star formation rate at ﬁxed mass. At high masses (10 10 . 5 < M ∗ / M ⊙ < 10 11 ), above the main sequence, H α is particularly enhanced in the center, indicating that gas is being funneled to the central regions of these galaxies to build bulges and/or supermassive black holes. Below the main sequence, the star forming disks are more compact and a strong central dip in the EW(H α ), and the inferred speciﬁc star formation rate, appears. Importantly though, across the entirety of the SFR-M ∗ plane we probe, the absolute star formation rate as traced by H α is always centrally peaked, even in galaxies below the main sequence.
The effect of soy protein and soy isoflavones on calcium metabolism in postmenopausal women: a randomized crossover study 1–3

Background: Evidence suggests that soy isoflavones act as estrogen agonists and have beneficial skeletal effects, but the effects on calcium metabolism in humans are not known. Objective: This study tested whether soybean isoflavones, soy protein, or both alter calcium metabolism in postmenopausal women. Design: Calcium metabolism in 15 postmenopausal women was studied by using metabolic balance and kinetic modeling in a randomized, crossover design of three 1-mo controlled dietary interventions: soy protein isolate enriched with isoflavones (soy-plus diet), soy protein isolate devoid of isoflavones (soy-minus diet), and a casein-whey protein isolate (control diet). Results: Therewasnosignificantdifferencebetweenthedietsinnet acid excretion ( P (cid:1) 0.12). Urinary calcium excretion was significantly ( P (cid:2) 0.01) less with consumption of either of the soy diets (soy-plus diet: 85 (cid:3) 34 mg/d; soy-minus diet: 80 (cid:3) 34 mg/d) than with consumption of the control diet (121 (cid:3) 63 mg/d), but fractional calcium absorption was unaffected by treatment. Endogenous fecal calcium was significantly ( P (cid:2) 0.01) greater with consumption of the soy-minus diet than with consumption of the other diets. Total fecalcalciumexcretion,bonedepositionandresorption,andcalciumretentionwerenotsignificantlyaffectedbythedietaryregimens. Conclusions: The lower urinary calcium seen with the consumption of an isolated soy protein than with that of an isolated milk protein not associated with improved calcium retention. This finding importance of evaluating all aspects of calcium metabolism. Soy isoflavones did not significantly affect calcium metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81:916–22.
Price-Based Combinatorial Auction: Connectedness and Representative Valuations

We investigate combinatorial auctions from a practical perspective. The auctioneer gathers information according to a dynamical protocol termed ask price procedure. We demonstrate a method for elucidating whether a procedure gathers sufficient information for deriving a VCG mechanism. We calculate representative valuation functions in a history-contingent manner, and show that it is necessary and sufficient to examine whether efficient allocations with and without any buyer associated with the profile of representative valuation functions were revealed. This method is tractable, and can be applied to general procedures with connectedness. The representative valuation functions could be the sufficient statistics for privacy preservation.
Low- and High- z Highly Accreting Quasars in the 4D Eigenvector 1 Context

Abstract Highly accreting quasars are characterized by distinguishing properties in the 4D eigenvector 1 parameter space that make them easily recognizable over a broad range range of redshift and luminosity. The 4D eigenvector 1 approach allows us to define selection criteria that go beyond the restriction to Narrow Line Seyfert is identified at low redshift. These criteria are probably able to isolate sources with a defined physical structure i.e., a geometrically thick, optically thick advection-dominated accretion disk (a “slim” disk). We stress that the importance of highly accreting quasars goes beyond the understanding of the details of their physics: their Eddington ratio is expected to saturate toward values of order unity, making them possible cosmological probes.
Human Immunodeﬁciency Virus Bearing a Disrupted Central DNA Flap Is Pathogenic In Vivo (cid:1)

The central DNA ﬂap is an important component of lentiviral vectors, but its signiﬁcance in the context of wild-type human immunodeﬁciency virus (HIV) is currently unclear. To address this issue, we have compared the in vitro infection kinetics of NL4-3 with those of a ﬂap-deﬁcient mutant and evaluated the in vivo growth characteristics of these viruses by using the SCID-hu mouse model of HIV infection. Flap-deﬁcient virus was only modestly attenuated in vitro, as assessed by single-round and spreading infection assays, and exhibited levels of replication and pathogenesis close to those of the wild-type in vivo. Hence, an intact central ﬂap is not essential for HIV replication.
The Effect of Affective Tutoring System in the Teaching of Dengue Fever Epidemic Prevention Curriculum on the Cognitive Loads and Learning Outcomes with Different Levels of Information Literacy

As the traditional teaching method is mainly textbook based and face-to-face oriented, it tends to cause students’ negative emotions and learning effectiveness in their learning process even though a commonly fact that emotion is one of the important factors affecting learning. The purpose of this study is to establish an affective tutoring system (ATS) for dengue fever to assist seeded teachers to propagandize dengue fever epidemic prevention. The researchers used the “Questionnaire of Elementary School Students’ Information Literacy” and “Questionnaire of Elementary School Students’ Cognitive Load Scale” as the tools for the quantitative study of this teaching experiment. The comprehensive evaluation results of this study showed that the affective tutoring system for dengue fever is supported in improving students’ learning outcomes; students with different information literacy have significant differences in the interface operation aspect of cognitive load, but not in the overall cognitive load, the content aspect of cognitive load and learning outcomes; the student’s information literacy and cognitive loads were correlated with the supports of partial significant negative correlation in the quantitative analysis; while the correlation among the students’ information literacy, cognitive loads and learning outcomes is not supported in the quantitative analysis.