Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accessory Sex Gland Proteins Affect Spermatophore Digestion Rate and Spermatozoa Acrosin Activity in Eriocheir sinensis

Abstract Accessory sex gland (ASG) in Eriocheir sinensis is the important component of the male reproductive system; its function is still unknown. Here we report that ASG protein can digest the spermatophore wall effectively. By optimizing the incubation temperatures, durations, and secreted protein concentrations using the L30 (52) orthogonal method, we find the protein concentration was the important factor affecting spermatophore wall digestion. In order to find out the digestion effect and spermatozoa quality, we observed the acrosin activity and survival rate of free spermatozoa obtained by different methods. We found that the survival rate of ASG protein digestion is the highest (98.06%), and its acrosin activity of free spermatozoa was significantly higher (4.290 ± 0.095 µIU/106) than those obtained by traditional trypsinase digestion (2.446 ± 0.251 µIU/106) or mechanical homogenate (1.423 ± 0.109 µIU/106) methods, but it was still significantly lower than those obtained from the spermatheca of mated females (21.729 ± 0.138 µIU/106). Thus, there must be some cooperation between the ASG and other related fertilization organs to improve the acrosin activity of free spermatozoa in vivo. Hence, we colleted the spermatozoa isolated from spermatophores using the trypsinase method and incubated with homogenates from seminal vesicle, accessory sex gland, and spermatheca alone or in combination. We observed that acrosin activity was greatest in samples incubated with an equal mixture of spermatheca and accessory sex gland protein homogenates. We conclude that the accessory sex gland can effectively digest the spermatophore wall to release free spermatozoa and interact with proteins from spermatheca to increase acrosomal enzyme activity of free spermatozoa.
Genetic variability studies in F2 and F3 generations of cowpea (vigna unguiculata (l.) walp)

Cowpea is a self pollinated crop and availability of variation is insufficient for further crop improvement. Two genetically diverse parents belonging to determinate and indeterminate were crossed (V-1188x Goa local) and advanced to F2 and F3 generations. The magnitude of variability observed in F2 was more than in F3.
STOMACH CONTENTS OF PORPOISE, STENELLA SPP., AND YELLOWFIN TUNA, THUNNUS ALBACARES, IN MIXED-SPECIES AGGREGATIONS

Haul-by-haul analysis of stomach contents of spotted porpoise (Sfenella afrenuara), spinner porpoise (S. longirostris), and yellowfin tuna (Thunnrrs ulhucares) from six net hauls made on mixed-species aggregations in 1968 indicates that an ommastrephid squid (probably Dosidicus a furthermore, only the tuna eats crustaceans.
Effect of offering two levels of crude protein and two levels of milk replacer on calf performance

Introduction Recent reports from the United States propose new nutritional guidelines for calves (VanAmburgh 2003). They suggest an accelerated growth programme where calves are offered a high protein milk replacer (CMR) at a level sufficient to achieve a liveweight gain of 1000 g/d up to 8 weeks of age. This is in contrast to many European feeding programmes where calves are offered 25 kg of CMR over 42 days with an expected liveweight gain of 500 to 600 g/day. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the accelerated growth system under Irish conditions.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF ORIGANUM SACCATUM L.

The chemical constituents of essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation of aerial parts of Origanum saccatum L. growing wild of 39 constituents were identified accounting for 99.11% of the oil of O. saccatum. The oil of O. saccatum contained, as main components, p-cymene (82.8%), γ-terpinene (6.2%), p-cymene-8-ol (1.5%) and carvacrol (1.2%). The essential oil of O. saccatum was characterized by its high content of p-cymene. Preliminary experiment was carried out in vitro using the diffusion method to investigate antimicrobial activity of the O. saccatum oil. The oil exerted varying levels of antimicrobial effects on the growth of all microorganisms (except for 100 ppm which belongs to Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus aureus). The antimicrobial activity of the O. saccatum oil was established by using agar diffusion method. The results showed that antimicrobial activity increased depending on the concentration degree used. The highest sensitive bacteria had Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. As a result, inhibitory effect of oil was weak on tested bacteria compared with fungi. The extent of inhibition of tested microorganism growth was dependent on the concentrations of essential oil used. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Some investigations showed that the use of spices in place of chemicals and synthetics has become indispensable because of their antimicrobial effects and also because of the increasing risk of the side effects of chemical and synthetic preservatives on health. Also, spices and derivatives have been used since ancient times to preserve foods, make foods tastier, cure diseases and produce aromatic substances. Many species of aromatic plants belonging to the Labiatae family grow wild in the east Mediterranean basin. Dried oregano leaves are well known not only in the herb industry mainly but also for other appetizing applications, and as a source of essential oils
The Utility of Transbronchial Needle Aspiration and Conventional Diagnostic Procedures in the Diagnosis of Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Background: Lung tumours often present as masses or nodules situated beyond the range of even new-generation fibreoptic bronchoscopes. The aim of this study to compare diagnostic yield of TBNA with CDP for diagnosis of Bronchogenic carcinoma. The study was carried out and data were gathered in a prospective Subjects and Methods: fashion and all the data were reviewed retrospectively. All the suspected patients were diagnosed on the basis of clinical, radiological and video bronchoscopic examination (CDP+TBNA); and further diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of histological and / or cytological examination. In the present study, after TBNA & CDP, the overall Results: diagnostic yield for carcinoma was 93%. CDP was diagnostic in 100% cases of EML and only 70% in SPD. TBNA provided an additional diagnostic yield of 30% in Cases of SPD where CDP was not possible for taking samples, which is seen to be statistically significant (p = 0.02). We conclude that TBNA is a safe procedure that should be rout Conclusion: inely used to increase diagnostic yield in patients with EML or SPD.
Ancient river systems and phylogeographical structure in the spring salamander, Gyrinophilus porphyriticus

The river drainages of the Appalachian Mountains have experienced a dynamic history as glacial cycles, stream capture and other geological processes have led to the fragmentation and fusion of formerly isolated palaeodrainages. Some ancient rivers have gone extinct, including portions of the great Teays River. Here we investigate the contribution of contemporary and historical drainages to patterns of phylogeographical structure in the spring salamander complex, Gyrinophilus porphyriticus.
Natural preservatives in raw chicken meat

Cinnamon and clove essential oils were evaluated for their effects on the growth and survival of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli artificially inoculated into raw chicken meat. Fresh minced chicken meat samples were inoculated with (~ 106 CFU/ml) (6 log CFU/g) of S. aureus and E. coli. cinnamon and clove oils were added to the minced chicken meat samples to achieve final concentrations of 0.5% and 1 %. Sensory (color, odor and texture) and bacteriological (S. aureus and E. coli counts) analyses were conducted after 24 hrs for E.coli and every 48 hrs for S.aureus during cold storage at 4°C. The results concluded that the addition of clove oil by 1% concentration had a powerfull effect in reducing Staph. aureus that can cause food poisoning while cinnamon oil 1% had good effect on E.coli but had strong flavour so from this study we found that clove oil at 1 % and cinnamon at 0.5 % had improved the flavor and extended the shelf life of fresh chicken meat .
A new species of lowland tailorbird (Passeriformes: Cisticolidae: Orthotomus ) from the Mekong floodplain of Cambodia

Based on distinctive morphological and vocal characters we describe a new species of lowland tailorbird Orthotomus from dense humid lowland scrub in the floodplain of the Mekong, Tonle Sap and Bassac rivers of Cambodia. Genetic data place it in the O. atrogularis–O. ruficeps –O. sepium clade. All data suggest that the new species is most closely related to O. atrogularis, from which genetic differences are apparently of a level usually associated with subspecies. However the two taxa behave as biological species, existing locally in sympatry and even exceptionally in syntopy, without apparent hybridisation. The species is known so far from a small area within which its habitat is declining in area and quality. However, although birds are found in a number of small habitat fragments (including within the city limits of Phnom Penh), most individuals probably occupy one large contiguous area of habitat in the Tonle Sap floodplain. We therefore recommend it is classified as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List. The new species is abundant in suitable habitat within its small range. Further work is required to understand more clearly the distribution and ecology of this species and in particular its evolutionary relationship with O. atrogularis.
A Case-control Study of Prevalence of Cholelithiasis among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Kashmir.

Background: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus and gall bladder stones are both common and co-existent diseases in a significant population. Increasing age, female gender, overweight, fair skin , familial history of the disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus is all associated with an increased risk of gallstones. Several studies from around the world reported an increased prevalence of gall bladder stones in patients with diabetes mellitus. Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to define the frequency of gall bladder stones among diabetics and to evaluate the possible associated risk factors in these patients. Subjects and Methods: A case control study was performed during 2018 at Government Medical College Baramulla. The study involved 161 randomly selected type-2 diabetic patients under regular follow up at the center, and 166 age and sex matched non-diabetic outpatients. Real-time abdominal ultrasound was performed by a radiologist to examine the abdomen after an overnight fast. Results: About 40% of the diabetic cohort had gall bladder stones as compared to 17.5% of non-diabetic patients. Females were significantly more affected than males. Patients with gall bladder stones were significantly older and had a significantly higher body mass index than those without stones. Conclusion: The prevalence of gallstones in diabetic patients is higher in Kashmir than the rates reported in other parts of the world. Kashmiri diabetic patients with gallstones tend to be older and more obese than those without gallstones. Duration of diabetes mellitus and type of treatment does not seem to influence the frequency of gall bladder stones among Kashmiri diabetics.
Polymorphisms in the Dopamine D4 and D2 Receptor Genes and Reproductive and Sexual Behaviors

Human reproductive and sexual behaviors are heritable and may represent integral life history traits that are likely partially subserved by the dopamine system. Two dopamine receptor polymorphisms, DRD4 48bp VNTR and DRD2 TaqI A, were examined in relation to the Sexual-Orientation Inventory (SOI), age at first sexual intercourse, desired age of marriage, and desired age to have children in 195 (45% male) individuals from a general student population. As DRD4 7R alleles have been associated with migratory behavior, we also examined whether those with more 7R alleles had a greater frequency of multi-racial ancestries. Minor alleles of both polymorphisms (7R and A1 respectively) are believed to decrease the function of their respective receptors. Individuals with DRD4 7R alleles were more likely to have had sexual intercourse and to desire children earlier in life. In addition, DRD4 7R+ individuals were more likely to report multi-racial ancestries. Individuals with DRD2 A1 alleles were more likely to not want children and not want to marry. These results suggest that polymorphisms in the DRD4 and DRD2 genes are meaningfully associated with variation in reproductive and sexual behaviors. These results are provisionally interpreted as consistent with other findings suggesting that DRD4 7R and DRD2 A1 alleles are adaptive for lower offspring investment strategies in dynamic social environments.
Feeding of three syntopic newt species (Triturus cristatus, Mesotriton alpestris and Lissotriton vulgaris) from Western Romania

The feeding of three newt species from western Romania is different in the aquatic period regarding both the composition and the time needed. Thus, Mesotriton alpestris spends shorter time in the water compared to Triturus cristatus and Lissotriton vulgaris, having the weakest feeding habit in this environment. This is probably a consequence of its relationship with mountainous and harsher climate areas that shortens its aquatic environment period, which also affects the species in a lower altitude habitat. The difference in the food of the three species results from their different sizes and hunting territories. L. vulgaris mainly hunts near puddle banks, in areas with lower and warmer water and the other two species hunt near the bottom, in the deeper areas. The crested newts have the longest aquatic period and the highest affiliation for hunting in this habitat. This species consumes larger sized preys while the common newts consume numerous reduced sized preys, having an intensive feeding and high food diversity. Meanwhile, differences between the food ingested by male and female individuals are not significant in any newt species.
Leadership Style and Employee Engagement: Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment in Employees of Nepali Commercial Banks

Employee engagement has captured the attention of managers and researchers. With its investigation, the researchers have found the phenomenon more complex than ever. The purpose of this study is to examine the direct relationships between Leadership style and Employee commitment mediated by Organizational commitment among employees in the private commercial banks of Nepal. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 200 employees working in three commercial banks, of which 181 questionnaires were used for further analysis. The Barron and Kenny (2004) regression analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses. Regression results showed a significant relationship between Leadership style & Employee engagement, Organizational commitment & Employee engagement and Leadership style & Organizational commitment. Likewise, Partial mediation was observed among Leadership style, Organizational commitment and Employee engagement. Implications and future direction of the findings of the research are discussed. How to cite this article: Lama V, Pokhrel L. Leadership Style and Employee Engagement: Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment in Employees of Nepali Commercial Banks. J Adv Res HR Organ Mqmt 2019; 6(1&2): 40-46.
FAO species catalogue. v. 5: Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date

FAO species catalogue:Vol.5 Billfishes of the world: An Annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spear fishes and swordfishes known to date , FAO species catalogue:Vol.5 Billfishes of the world: An Annotated and illustrated catalogue of marli. , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Determinants of technical efficiency of wheat farms in Pakistan.

Despite structural shift towards industrialization, agriculture is still the most important sector of Pakistan’s economy. It contributes about one-fifth to GDP of the economy and provides employment opportunities for about 45 percent of the labor force. About 60 percent of rural population directly or indirectly depends upon this sector for its livelihood. Wheat production contributes 10.3 percent to the total value added in the agricultural sector and 2.2 percent to GDP. Wheat production in 2013-14 stood at 25.3 million tons compared to 23.3 million tons in 2009-10 thereby registering 4.4 percent growth compare to previous financial year (Ministry of Finance, 2014). Agriculture sector thus plays a key role in reducing poverty and provides raw material to industry thus contributing significantly to country’s exports. Agriculture sector also plays a vital role in promoting the overall GDP. Estimates suggest that one percentage increase in agricultural per capita income growth results in an increase of 1.5 percent non-agricultural per capita growth in the Asian countries. This high elasticity of non-agricultural per capita income to the agricultural per capita income is attributed to the heavy backward and forward linkages of agricultural sector with the rest of the sectors in the economy. Although Pakistan’s economy has been dominated by the agriculture sector historically, its growth rate has been volatile with the coefficient of variation approaching unity. This high volatility in the agricultural growth not only presents the existing grim situation of the sector but also reflects the uncertainty and future risks about its performance. This relatively low and volatile growth in Pakistan’s agriculture sector could be due to the lack of efficiency in wheat production, which is an issue of great concern. Given the volatile trends in agriculture sector growth in Pakistan, this paper investigates the issue from efficiency and productivity perspective using wheat farms as the case study mainly due to the following reasons. First, food security and economic growth interrelate and support each other during development process. The recent food shortages in Pakistan and increase in agricultural prices reinforce the probing of this issue from supply perspective. Estimates suggest that other than landless rural residents (45 percent), more than 30 percent of the cultivators remain the net buyers of staple food; accounting for about 62 percent of the overall rural population being to some extent or completely reliant on market for food needs (Sher and Ahmad, 2008). Moreover, since 2000, Pakistan’s population has been growing at 1.8 percent per year, which is higher than the increase in domestic food grain production (percentage of 1.5 per year) (Nazli et al., 2012). Current rate of growth of food grain production may not be sufficient to provide food Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 52(2), 565-570; 2015 ISSN (Print) 0552-9034, ISSN (Online) 2076-0906 http://www.pakjas. com.pk
Ontogenetic Scaling of Body Proportions In Waterfall-climbing Gobiid Fishes from Hawai'i and Dominica: Implications for Locomotor Function

Abstract Potential effects of body size changes on locomotor performance in gobiid fishes (family Gobiidae) were studied in two sicydiine species, Sicyopterus stimpsoni from the Hawaiian Islands and Sicydium punctatum from Dominica, West Indies. These taxa both possess a pelvic sucking disc that can be used to adhere to rock surfaces during bouts of waterfall climbing. If this disc scaled isometrically as body size increased, climbing might be impaired in larger fish because body mass increases faster during growth than the area of the sucker that supports body weight. To test whether the pelvic sucker grows in a way that could help maintain climbing performance in large gobies (and that is distinctive compared to other fins), we evaluated the scaling of sucker area, caudal-fin height, and pectoral-fin length with respect to total body length in Sicyopterus and Sicydium across a range of body sizes. Sucker area scaled isometrically with body length for both species, suggesting that climbing performance might decline as these fishes grow. Although the pectoral fin scaled differently in the two species, caudal-fin height showed strong positive allometry relative to body length in both species. The differing scaling patterns of sucker area and caudal-fin height relative to body length may reflect an increase in the importance of swimming over climbing in sicydiine gobies as they grow larger. Moreover, similarities in the scaling patterns of gobies from geographically distant islands suggest that species in this lineage may be subject to common ontogenetic constraints on performance.
Haemato-biochemical observations in emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) farming in India is gaining commercial importance. Due to scanty information on emus under Indian agro-climatic conditions, an attempt has been made to provide the base line data for future research. This study was undertaken to evaluate the haemato-biochemical parameters in 12 (6 of each sex) adult, apparently healthy emus. The total leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and lymphocyte, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and albumin/globulin ratio were higher in males, whereas HDL-cholesterol and aspartate transaminase levels were higher in females.
Reclassification of the species Kocuria erythromyxa (Brooks and Murray 1981) as Kocuria rosea (Flügge 1886)

Comparison of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic properties of the type strains of Kocuria rosea and Kocuria erythromyxa indicates that these taxa are members of the same species. The conclusion is based upon 16S rDNA similarity of 99·9% [Rainey, F. A. , et al. (1997). Int J Syst Bacteriol 47, 510--514], DNA-DNA reassociation of 95%, identical fatty acid patterns and almost identical physiological reactions against substrates provided by the BIOLOG plate. According to Rule 42 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria, which requires that the oldest legitimate epithet be retained when taxa of equal rank are united, Kocuria (Micrococcus) rosea (Flugge 1886) has priority over Kocuria (Deinococcus) erythromyxa (Brooks and Murray 1981).
Screening identification and characterization of lipase producing soil bacteria from Upper Dir and Mardan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Microbial lipases are one of the most important extracellular metabolites which have been the main focus of scientific research due to its huge biotechnological usage over the years. Although there are many sources of lipases but microbes are the best producers. In this regards, the present work was conducted to isolate and screen out lipolytic bacteria from soil of Upper Dir and Mardan areas. Later on the lipolytic activity was observed through optimization of cultural physico-chemical parameters. Screening of lipolytic bacteria was achieved by inoculation of sample on selective medium that is tributyrine agar. Out of thirty (30) soil samples, Twenty one (21) were lipase producers. Fifteen (15) were gram positive and six (6) were gram negative. Bacillus spp were further explored for growth and lipase production optimization. Bacillus spp produce optimum growth at 37 o C and pH 7. Furthermore, the optimum enzyme production for Bacillus spp was observed at pH 7 temperature
Pseudolagarobasidium (Basidiomycota): on the reinstatement of a genus of parasitic, saprophytic, and endophytic resupinate fungi

The small resupinate genus Pseudolagarobasidium (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) presently comprises less than five species, all of which were described from tropical to subtropical regions, and two of which are root parasites on leguminous trees. The genus has recently been synonymized with Radulodon on morphological grounds, and the present study evaluates this proposal in a molecular context. Pseudolagarobasidium was found to constitute a well supported, monophyletic group excluding Radulodon and this synonymy is rejected. The ecological range of the genus spans saprotrophy to parasitism, and this study presents evidence that at least one lineage in Pseudolagarobasidium is endophytic in the cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.).