Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SAVING IRRIGATION WATER AND IMPROVING WATER PRODUCTIVITY IN RICE CULTIVATION BY INDUCING NEW PLANTING METHOD IN NORTH NILE DELT, EGYPT

Two field experiments were conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station Farm, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. The site is allocated at 310-07' N Latitude, 300-57'E Longitude with an elevation of about 6 metres above mean sea level, during the two successive seasons of 2009 and 2010. The rice cultivar was Sakha 104. The experiment was designed as a split split-plot design with four replicates. The main plots were randomly occupied by two nitrogen resources urea (F1) and gaseous ammonia (F2). While two planting methods treatments; traditional transplanting in flooded soil (M1) and Transplanting in beds (M2) were assigned to sub-plots and three irrigation depths 9, 7 and 5 cm for d1, d2 and d3, respectively. Results showed that both submerged depth of 9 and 7 cm significantly increased plant height, number of tillers/m2,panicle weight and 1000 grain weight compared to submerged depth of 5 cm, there were no significant differences between submerged depth of 9 and 7 cm . Planting in bottom of beds significantly increased grain yield, number of tillers/hill, number of panicles/hill, panicle length, plant height, Panicle weight and 1000 grains weight by 3.45%, 6.2%, 6.7%, 19.9%, 4.9 %,0.58% and 1.6%, respectively compared with traditional planting method. There were no significant differences in grain yield between nitrogen resources, urea and gaseous ammonia. Average amounts of the applied irrigation water were 13933, and 10997 m3/ha. for traditional planting and planting in bottom of beds respectively, i.e. method of planting in bottom of bed saved about 21% of the irrigation water applied. Productivity of irrigation water was increased significantly by 58%. Therefore, method of planting in bottom of beds could be applied for the rice in North Delta Egypt, it enhanced WP by 67.1% and saved water by 21% without significant reduction in its yield, compared with traditional planting. Abbreviations: Productivity of irrigation water (PIW), irrigation water applied (IWA), grain yield (GY), Straw yield (SY), nitrogen resources (F) Planting method (M), and depth of irrigation water (d).
Generation of the 105–100 Ma Dagze volcanic rocks in the north Lhasa Terrane by lower crustal melting at different temperature and depth: Implications for tectonic transition

Successively erupted intermediate-felsic rocks with variations in their geochemical compositions indicate physical changes in lower-crust conditions, and the variations can provide important insights into the regional tectonic setting. What triggered the late Early Cretaceous tectonic transition of the central-north Lhasa Terrane remains controversial, hindering the understanding of the mechanisms behind the formation of the central Tibetan Plateau. The sodic Dagze volcanic rocks in the north Lhasa Terrane are characterized by high contents of SiO2 and Na2O, low contents of MgO, Fe2O3, and K2O, and low values of Mg#. However, the trace element compositions of the whole-rocks and their zircons allow the rocks to be divided into two groups. The Group I rocks (ca. 105 Ma) have higher contents of Sr and Ba, higher Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios, and lower contents of Y, Yb, Ti, and Zr than Group II rocks (ca. 100 Ma). Besides, the zircons from Group I rocks have higher values of Yb/Gd and U/Yb, lower values of Th/U, and lower Ti contents than the zircons from Group II rocks. However, the rocks of both groups have identical depleted whole-rock Sr-Nd and zircon Hf isotope values. The geochemical data indicate that rocks of both groups were generated by partial melting of a juvenile lower crust, but the differences in the two groups reflect a transition from deep-cold melting to relatively shallower-hotter melting in the period from ca. 105 to 100 Ma. This transition was synchronous with the rapid cooling of granitoids, topographic uplift, and the shutdown of magmatism in the central-north Lhasa Terrane, and followed by sedimentation and the resumption of magmatism in the south Lhasa Terrane. The above observations collectively indicate that the central-north Lhasa Terrane was under an extensional setting in late Early Cretaceous, and we tentatively suggest that it was in response to lithospheric drip during roll-back of the northward-subducting Neo-Tethyan oceanic plate.
The Effect of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang Pharmacopuncture on ST25 (天樞) in Rats with Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Colitis

ABSTRACT The Effect of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang Pharmacopuncture on ST25 (天樞) in Rats with Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced ColitisSeung-Heon Lee, Kyung-Mi Park, Seong-Hee ChoDae-Hwan Youn, Seung-Jeong YangDept. of Oriental Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Shin UniversityObjectives: The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of various concentrations of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang (HTT) pharmacopuncture on ST25 (天樞) in rats with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis.Methods: Colitis was experimentally induced by feeding rats with water mixed with 5% (w/v) DSS for 20 days. The rats were divided into 5 gro ups: the normal group (Nor, n=5), the control group - colitis induced rats with no treatment (Con, n=5), the acupuncture group - colitis induced rats with acupunc ture applied on ST25 (Acu, n=5), the pharmacopunc ture group 1 - colitis induced rats with 0.729 mg/250 g/40 μl of pharmacopuncture applied on ST25 (PA-1, n=5), the pharmaco puncture group 2 - colitis induced rats with 3.645 mg/250 g/40 μl of pharmacopuncture applied on ST25 (PA-2, n=5). The changes in weight, excrement concentra tion and hemafecia were observed 5 times every 2 days. The colon lengths were meas ured from appendix to the end of colon after the experiment. Hematological and ser ological exams were conducted the day after the last treatment by cardiac puncturin g anesthetized rats.Results: ST25 is the abdominal front point (募穴) of large intestine meri dian and is known to have effect in colitis. Various concentrations of H TT pharmacopuncture (HTTP) applied on ST25, in rats with DSS-induced colitis inhibi ted decrease in colon lengths and body weight in both PA-1 and PA-2 groups. Hematological and serological exam results also showed that HTTP has signific ant effect on colitis in both PA-1 and PA-2 groups.Conclusions: Colon lengths were significantly increased in the acupuncture group, PA-1 group and PA-2 group, compared to the control group. The b ody weight was significantly increased (p<0.05) in PA-2 group after the first treatment, compared to the control group. TNF- 𝛼, IL-6, AST were significantly decreased in PA-1 and PA-2 groups, compared to the control group.Key Words: colitis, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), ST25, Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang pharmacopuncture (HTTP)
The Effect of Weather and Season on Pedestrian Volume in Urban Space

This study empirically analyzes the effect of weather on pedestrian volume in an urban space. We used data from the 2009 Seoul Flow Population Survey and constructed a model with the pedestrian volume as a dependent variable and the weather and physical environment as independent variables. We constructed 28 models and compared the results to determine the effects of weather on pedestrian volume by season, land use, and time zone. A negative binomial regression model was used because the dependent variable did not have a normal distribution. The results show that weather affects the volume of walking. Rain reduced walking volume in most models, and snow and thunderstorms reduced the volume in a small number of models. The effects of the weather depended on the season and land use, and the effects of environmental factors depended on the season. The results have various policy implications. First, it is necessary to provide semi-outdoor urban spaces that can cope with snow or rain. Second, it is necessary to have different policies to encourage walking for each season.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Revisited in the Perspective of Pakistan

Abstract Objective: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a life threatening adverse reaction of antipsychotic drugs, especially of dopamine receptor antagonists (DRA's). In addition to clinical and pharmacological risk factors, legal and ethical risk factors may be con-tributory towards the incidence, diagnosis and prog-nosis of NMS in Pakistan. Study Design: Experimental case study. Place and Duration of Study: The department of psychiatry and behavioral sciences of Bahawal Vic-toria Hospital affiliated with Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, from July 2011 to October 2012. Subjects and Methods: All the patients with proba-ble NMS, received consecutively at the inpatient depa-rtment of psychiatry, were included and investigated to rule out any other medical condition mimicking the syndrome. The patients were treated till complete recovery from the syndrome. The psychiatric diagno-ses were confirmed, during their hospital stay, accord-ing to ICD 10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research, the residual symptoms were recorded and tabulated along with other important characteristics of the patients. Results: Reckless use of DRA's in the form of intra-muscular depot injections or high initial oral doses, along with certain other previously perceived clinical risk factors, increased the chance of developing NMS. Female gender and younger age along with early dete-ction and prudent management proved to be good pro-gnostic factors for NMS in our study. The diverse categories of the first hand attending health providers e.g. doctors, quacks and faith healers of our psychiatric patients frequently used antipsychotics. This scenario points towards the lapses in determination of pathways to care, legality and ethics governing the mental health care in Pakistan. Conclusion: Standard protocol must be followed to start antipsychotics in psychotic patients, especially while planning to use depot DRA's. The manic pati-ents are even more sensitive to develop extrapyramidal side effects and neuroleptic malignant syndrome; these patients can better be managed with zuclopinthixol acetate (colpixol acuphase) injections when oral medi-cation is not feasible. These drugs should not be used in neurotic patients. The introduction of depot injec-tions of serotonin and dopamine antagonists (SDA's) may minimize the incidence of NMS. In Pakistan, a task force should immediately be constituted to inclu-de Mental Health Ordinance (MHO) 2001 into the constitution so that the serious legal and ethical issues of the mental health care are solved, accordingly. Key Words: Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS), risk factors, adverse reaction, antipsychotics.
Bus preference and usage amongst elderly in urban areas of The Netherlands

The population of The Netherlands is ageing. It is important to offer suitable transportation options for the elderly to keep them participating in social activities to prevent lonelines. This research investigated the preferences and usage of bus services of elderly in urban areas in The Netherlands and the corresponding heterogeneity. 256 elderly respondents were questioned by means of a stated preference survey. By using a multinomial logit model the values elderly place on the bus attributes were quantified. A latent class choice model was estimated to explore the heterogeneity and the nature of the heterogeneity in preferences among the elderly. Besides that, public transport card data from Groningen is used to compare theory with findings from practice. The research results show that elderly in the Netherlands can be divided into several classes with their own preferences. Not all elderly prefer a low distance to the nearest bus stop and most of the elderly prefer high-frequent bus options.
Koryakite, NaKMg2Al2(SO4)6, a new NASICON-related anhydrous sulfate mineral from Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia

Abstract Exhalative mineral assemblages from fumaroles of Tolbachik volcano are very rich in anhydrous sulfate minerals of alkali and transition metals. Koryakite, ideally NaKMg2Al2(SO4)6, was found in the Yadovitaya fumarole of the Second scoria cone of the North Breach of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption (1975–1976), Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. Koryakite occurs as a product of fumarolic activity and closely associates with euchlorine and langbeinite. Koryakite is trigonal, R$\bar{3}$, a = 8.1124(11), c = 22.704(7) Å and V = 1294.0(5) Å3. The chemical composition determined by electron-microprobe analysis is (wt.%): Na2O 4.27, K2O 5.85, ZnO 0.31, СaO 0.31, CuO 0.76, MgO 10.15, Al2O3 11.47, Fe2O3 2.73, SO3 64.33 and SiO2 0.13, total 100.31. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of 24 O apfu is Na1.03K0. 93(Mg1.89Cu0.07Ca0.04Zn0.03)Σ2. 03(Al1.68Fe3+0.26)Σ1. 94(S6.02Si0.02)Σ6. 04O24. No natural or synthetic chemical analogues of koryakite are known to date. The topology of the [M2+2M3+2(SO4)6]2– heteropolyhedral framework in koryakite is very similar to the one in millosevichite, Al2(SO4)3 and mikasaite, Fe3+2(SO4)3. Replacement of part of the trivalent cations in the [M3+2(SO4)3]0 framework by divalent cations gives the framework a negative charge for koryakite and allows the incorporation of the alkali species in the channels. This structural mechanism is reminiscent of the concept of stuffed derivative structures. Koryakite is also structurally related to synthetic NaMgFe3+(SO4)3 and to the broader family of NASICON-related phases.
Experiences of white women in interracial relationships : individuals, partners and mothers

This research is a qualitative, heuristic study involving in-depth interviews with eight white, professional heterosexual women in interracial relationships. The women were found through an opportunistic or snowball approach. The participant women were in the age range 25-60. Six were married and two were in long term relationships. All women had children, seven having mixed-race children between 18 months and 23 years of age. Four women had partners of African-Caribbean heritage, three had partners of African heritage and one had a partner of Nepalese heritage. The women shared their reflections on having to confront the realities of racism, coming to terms with their own ambiguous racial position, facing the notion of whiteness and considering their social position as white women. The research was conducted using a heuristic methodology to explore white women’s experiences, using creative images and personal reflective and reflexive narratives integrated throughout the text. The research offers insight into how the social experiences of being in an interracial relationship impacts on white women; as individuals, partners and in their role of mother. Implications for themselves as mothers and parenting their children in a racist context are explored and discussed. The findings suggest the women can feel caught between the known (whiteness) and the unknown (blackness). Having crossed a 'socially unaccepted racialised boundary' and challenging explicit dominant social, gendered and racialised beliefs, the women stepped into the unknown involving experiences of changes in status, challenges to assumptions of their maternal competence and living in a world which involved a continuous process of deconstruction and reconstruction of a new, unforeseen racialised identity. The white women moved from being an ‘insider’ within their own dominant social experiences, to becoming an ‘outsider’ within another cultural context, sometimes experiencing uncertainty about where they belonged. The white women experienced a shift of reference group orientation, with a new experience of continuous external scrutiny unfolding. These newly encountered social and personal events challenged the white women to review how they previously saw themselves, with this all impacting on their previously taken for granted social status. These experiences impacted at emotional and cognitive levels. As a consequence, the white women often found themselves occupying a liminal or unknown space where a process occurs of attempting to come to terms with the new experiences, new learning and adopting alternative strategies to deal with these different experiences. Implications for counsellors working with white women in interracial relationships are considered and suggestions for therapeutic engagement are made.
How Can Phytoplankton Pigments Be Best Used to Characterize Surface Ocean Phytoplankton Groups for Ocean Color Remote Sensing Algorithms?

Abstract High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) remains one of the most widely applied methods for estimation of phytoplankton community structure from ocean samples, which are used to create and validate satellite retrievals of phytoplankton community structure. HPLC measures the concentrations of phytoplankton pigments, some of which are useful chemotaxonomic markers for phytoplankton groups. Here, consistent suites of HPLC phytoplankton pigments measured on global surface water samples are compiled across spatial scales. The global dataset includes >4,000 samples from every major ocean basin and representing a wide range of ecological regimes. The local dataset is composed of six time series from long‐term observatory sites. These samples are used to quantify the potential and limitations of HPLC for understanding surface ocean phytoplankton groups. Hierarchical cluster and empirical orthogonal function analyses are used to examine the associations between and among groups of phytoplankton pigments and to diagnose the main controls on these associations. These methods identify four major groups of phytoplankton on global scales (cyanobacteria, diatoms/dinoflagellates, haptophytes, and green algae) that can be identified by diagnostic biomarker pigments. On local scales, the same methods identify more and different taxonomic groups of phytoplankton than are detectable in the global dataset. Notably, diatom and dinoflagellate pigments group together on global scales, but dinoflagellate marker pigments always separate from diatoms on local scales. Together, these results confirm that HPLC pigments can be used for satellite algorithm quantification of no more than four phytoplankton groups on global scales, but can provide higher resolution for local‐scale algorithm development and validation.
Stream Temperature Modeling Using Functional Regression Models

Stream temperature is one of the most important environmental variables in lotic habitats as it has important and direct impacts on the ecosystem. Given the continuous nature of this variable, the aim of this paper was to introduce functional regression for the air‐stream temperature relation, being capable to model an entire seasonal or annual curve of temperatures as one entity, rather than multiple daily or weekly values in classical models. Three types of functional models were explored in the study and compared to two classical models (Generalized Additive Model and Logistic Model) for six rivers from the United States The results show the functional models have the best performance for all the considered rivers. When comparing functional models between them, one variant of the historical functional model performs better than the two other models and is the most parsimonious. Functional regression leads to encouraging results to model the complete annual stream temperature curve as one entity compared to other classical approaches.
Does Routine Histopathological Examination of Gallbladder after Simple Cholecystectomy Add Additional Value

Result: The study included 803 patients who had simple cholecystectomy. Three of these patients were found to have gallbladder carcinoma, two females and one male. Dense adhesions were encountered in all malignant cases necessitating conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy in one case. Macroscopic examination revealed a thickened gallbladder in all three patients; two patients had mucosal papillary lesions and one patient had polypoidal projection and mucosal ulcerations. These findings were confirmed by the pathologist. On microscopic examination, two patients had adenocarcinoma while one patient had neuroendocrine tumor.
Analysing the contribution of snow water equivalent to the terrestrial water storage over Canada

In this study, the spatial and temporal variabilities of terrestrial water storage anomaly (TWSA) and snow water equivalent anomaly (SWEA) information obtained from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) twin satellites data were analysed in conjunction with multisource snow products over several basins in the Canadian landmass. Snow water equivalent (SWE) data were extracted from three different sources: Global Snow Monitoring for Climate Research version 2 (GlobSnow2), Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer‐Earth Observing System (AMSR‐E), and Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC). The objective of the study was to understand whether SWE variations have a significant contribution to terrestrial water storage anomalies in the Canadian landmass. The period was considered from December 2002 to March 2011. Significant relationships were observed between TWSA and SWEA for most of the 15 basins considered (53% to 80% of the basins, depending on the SWE products considered). The best results were obtained with the CMC SWE products compared with satellite‐based SWE data. Stronger relationships were found in snow‐dominated basins (Rs > = 0.7), such as the Liard [root mean square error (RMSE) = 21.4 mm] and Peace Basins (RMSE = 26.76 mm). However, despite high snow accumulation in the north of Quebec, GRACE showed weak or insignificant correlations with SWEA, regardless of the data sources. The same behaviour was observed in the Western Hudson Bay basin. In both regions, it was found that the contribution of non‐SWE compartments including wetland, surface water, as well as soil water storages has a significant impact on the variations of total storage. These components were estimated using the Water‐Global Assessment and Prognosis Global Hydrology Model (WGHM) simulations and then subtracted from GRACE observations. The GRACE‐derived SWEA correlation results showed improved relationships with three SWEA products. The improvement is particularly important in the sub‐basins of the Hudson Bay, where very weak and insignificant results were previously found with GRACE TWSA data. GRACE‐derived SWEA showed a significant relationship with CMC data in 93% of the basins (13% more than GRACE TWSA). Overall, the results indicated the important role of SWE on terrestrial water storage variations.
Learning with Care: The Education of Children Looked after Away from Home by Local Authorities in Scotland

This article by Kirstie Maclean and Morag Gunion outlines the findings of a recent inspection in Scotland of the educational experiences of looked after children. It considers assessment, care planning and review; attendance arrangements; progress, attainment and support for learning; personal and social development; carers' support for learning; working in partnership; and policies, management and quality assurance. The methodology of the inspection was influenced by previous research and comparison is made between the inspection's main findings and the broader research evidence. Conclusions are drawn about the need for further development.