Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Follow-Up Study of Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Associated or Not with Graves’ Disease

Whether papillary carcinoma (PC) behavior is more aggressive in Graves’ disease (GD) patients than PC cases without GD is controversial. We retrospectively enrolled 33 thyroidectomized PC/GD patients during long-term follow-up, 23/33 without risk factors at surgery, and 18/33 microcarcinomas; 312 PC euthyroid-matched patients without risk factors served as controls. A total of 14/33 (42.4%) PC/GD patients, 4 with and 10 without risk factors at diagnosis, 6 with microcarcinoma, underwent metastases during follow-up. In controls, metastases in 21/312 (6.7%) were ascertained. Considering 10/23 PC/GD patients and 21/312 controls without risk factors who developed metastases, univariate analysis showed that there was an increased risk of metastasis appearance for PC/GD cases (p < 0.001). Disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly (p < 0.0001, log-rank test) shorter in PC/GD patients than in controls. Significantly more elevated aggressiveness in 6/18 PC/GD patients with microcarcinoma than in controls was also ascertained with shorter DFS. Thus, in the present study, PC/GD had aggressive behavior during follow-up also when carcinoma characteristics were favorable and some cases were microcarcinomas. GD and non-GD patient comparison in the cases without risk factors at diagnosis showed an increased risk to develop metastases in GD during follow-up, suggesting that GD alone might be a tumor aggressiveness predictive factor in these cases.
The Global Higgs Picture at 27 TeV

We estimate the reach of global Higgs analyses at a 27 TeV hadron collider in terms of Higgs couplings and in terms of a gauge-invariant effective Lagrangian, including invisible Higgs decays and the Higgs self-coupling. The new collider will indirectly probe new physics in the TeV range and allow for a meaningful test of the Higgs self-coupling also embedded in a global analysis.
Adverse effects of ayahuasca: Results from the Global Ayahuasca Survey

Introduction Ayahuasca is a plant-based decoction native to Amazonia, where it has a long history of use in traditional medicine. Contemporary ritual use of ayahuasca has been expanding throughout the world for mental health purposes, and for spiritual and personal growth. Although researchers have been conducting clinical trials and observational studies reporting medical and psychological benefits, most of these do not report ayahuasca’s immediate or medium-term adverse effects, so these are underrepresented in the literature. With the expansion of ayahuasca ceremonies from their traditional contexts to countries around the world, there is an important public health question regarding the risk/benefit balance of its use. Methods We used data from an online Global Ayahuasca Survey (n = 10,836) collected between 2017 and 2019 involving participants from more than 50 countries. Principal component analysis was performed to assess group effects. Logistic regression analysis was performed to test for adverse effects associated with history of ayahuasca use, clinical, context of use and spiritual effect variables. Results Acute physical health adverse effects (primarily vomiting) were reported by 69.9% of the sample, with 2.3% reporting the need for subsequent medical attention. Adverse mental health effects in the weeks or months following consumption were reported by 55.9% of the sample, however, around 88% considered such mental health effects as part of a positive process of growth or integration. Around 12% sought professional support for these effects. Physical adverse effects were related to older age at initial use of ayahuasca, having a physical health condition, higher lifetime and last year ayahuasca use, having a previous substance use disorder diagnosis, and taking ayahuasca in a non-supervised context. Mental health adverse effects were positively associated with anxiety disorders; physical health conditions; and the strength of the acute spiritual experience; and negatively associated with consumption in religious settings. Conclusions While there is a high rate of adverse physical effects and challenging psychological effects from using ayahuasca, they are not generally severe, and most ayahuasca ceremony attendees continue to attend ceremonies, suggesting they perceive the benefits as outweighing any adverse effects. Knowing what variables might predict eventual adverse effects may serve in screening of, or providing additional support for, vulnerable subjects. Improved understanding of the ayahuasca risk/benefit balance can also assist policy makers in decisions regarding potential regulation and public health responses.
Economic geography and the scaling of urban and regional income in India

We undertake an exploration of the economic income (gross domestic product) of Indian districts and cities based on scaling analyses of the dependence of these quantities on associated population size. Scaling analysis provides a straightforward method for the identification of network effects in socioeconomic organization, which are the tell-tale signs of cities and urbanization. For districts, a sub-state regional administrative division in India comprising both urban and rural regions, we find almost linear scaling of gross domestic product with population, a result quite different from urban functional units in other national contexts. Using deviations from scaling, we explore the behaviour of these regional units to find strong distinct geographic patterns of economic behaviour. We characterize these patterns in detail and connect them to the literature on regional economic development for a diverse subcontinental nation such as India. Given the paucity of economic data for urban agglomerations in India, we use a set of assumptions to create a new dataset of gross domestic product based on districts, for large cities. This reveals superlinear scaling of income with city size, as expected from theory, while displaying similar underlying patterns of economic geography observed for district economic performance. This analysis of the economic performance of Indian cities is severely limited by the absence of higher-fidelity, direct city level economic data. We discuss the need for standardized and consistent estimates of the size and change in urban economies in India, and point to a number of proxies that can be explored to develop such indicators.
Nonequilibrium phase transition in the kinetic Ising model: Critical slowing down and the specific-heat singularity

The nonequilibrium dynamic phase transition, in the kinetic Ising model in the presence of an oscillating magnetic field has been studied both by Monte Carlo simulation and by solving numerically the mean-field dynamic equation of motion for the average magnetization. In both cases, the Debye ''relaxation'' behavior of the dynamic order parameter has been observed and the ''relaxation time'' is found to diverge near the dynamic transition point. The Debye relaxation of the dynamic order parameter and the power law divergence of the relaxation time have been obtained from a very approximate solution of the mean-field dynamic equation. The temperature variation of appropriately defined ''specific heat'' is studied by the Monte Carlo simulation near the transition point. The specific heat has been observed to diverge near the dynamic transition point.
A Lyman limit system associated with galactic winds★

Projected quasar galaxy pairs provide powerful means to study the circumgalactic medium (CGM) that maintains the relics of galactic feedback and the accreted gas from the intergalactic medium. Here, we study the nature of a Lyman Limit system (LLS) with N(HI)=10$^{19.1\pm0.3}$ cm$^{-2}$ and a dust-uncorrected metallicity of [Fe/H]$=-1.1\pm0.3$ at $z=0.78$ towards Q0152$-020$. The MgII absorption profiles are composed of a main saturated and a few weaker optically thin components. Using MUSE observations we detect one galaxy close to the absorption redshift at an impact parameter of 54 kpc. This galaxy exhibits nebular emission lines from which we measure a dust-corrected star formation rate of $10^{+8}_{-5}$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ and an emission metallicity of [O/H]$=-0.1\pm0.2$. By combining the absorption line kinematics with the host galaxy morphokinematics we find that while the main absorption component can originate from a galactic wind at $V_{\rm w}=110\pm4$ km s$^{-1}$ the weaker components cannot. We estimate a mass ejection rate of $\dot M\gtrsim0.8$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ that translates to a loading factor of $\eta\gtrsim0.1$. Since the local escape velocity of the halo, $V_{\rm esc}\simeq430$ km s$^{-1}$, is a few times larger than $V_{\rm w}$, we expect this gas will remain bound to the host galaxy. These observations provide additional constraints on the physical properties of winds predicted by galaxy formation models. We also present the VLT/X-Shooter data analysis of 4 other absorbing systems at $1.1
Compact graphene plasmonic slot photodetector on silicon-on-insulator with high responsivity (Conference Presentation)

Graphene has extraordinary electro-optic properties and is therefore a promising candidate for monolithic photonic devices such as photodetectors. However, the integration of this atom-thin layer material with bulky photonic components usually results in a weak light-graphene interaction leading to large device lengths limiting electro-optic performance. In contrast, here we demonstrate a plasmonic slot graphene photodetector on silicon-on-insulator platform with high-responsivity given the 5 um-short device length. We observe that the maximum photocurrent, and hence the highest responsivity, scales inversely with the slot gap width. Using a dual-lithography step, we realize 15 nm narrow slots that show a 15-times higher responsivity per unit device-length compared to photonic graphene photodetectors. Furthermore, we reveal that the back-gated electrostatics is overshadowed by channel-doping contributions induced by the contacts of this ultra-short channel graphene photodetector. This leads to quasi charge neutrality, which explains both the previously-unseen offset between the maximum photovoltaic-based photocurrent relative to graphenes Dirac point and the observed non-ambipolar transport. Such micrometer compact and absorption-efficient photodetectors allow for short-carrier pathways in next-generation photonic components, while being an ideal testbed to study short-channel carrier physics in graphene optoelectronics.
Functionalization of 6H-SiC surfaces with organosilanes

We demonstrate the successful covalent functionalization of n-type 6H-SiC with organosilanes. In particular, wet-chemically processed self-assembled layers of octadecyltrimethoxysilane and amino-propyldiethoxymethylsilane were investigated. The structural and chemical properties of these layers were studied by contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy, thermal desorption, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The organic layers are smooth and wetting angles up to 100° are observed. Desorption temperatures in the range of 830K prove the covalent bonding of the organic molecules to the SiC surface. By utilizing self-assembled layers with functional end groups, attachment of complex molecules was demonstrated by immobilization of proteins on micropatterned organic layers.
Temporal Variations of the Tropical 40-50 Day Oscillation

Abstract In recent years there has been a great deal of interest in a quasi-periodic tropical oscillation of zonal winds, which was first reported by Madden and Julian. An attempt to determine the temporal variation of the oscillation parameters is presented here. Using a 4-year duration global time series and a 25-year station time series, we find that although the nonseasonal variations are large, any seasonal cycle in the oscillation amplitude and frequency must be very small. The small seasonal signal in the oscillation frequency seems to argue against explanations for the time scale based on Doppler-shifted traveling waves.
The diversity of SCUBA-selected galaxies

We present extensive observations of a sample of distant, submillimetre (submm) galaxies detected in the field of the massive cluster lens, Abell1835, using the Submm Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA). Taken in conjunction with earlier observations of other submm-selected sources (Ivison et al. 1998; Smail et al. 1999; Soucail et al. 1999) we now have detailed, multi-wavelength observations of seven examples of the submm population, having exploited the combination of achromatic amplification by cluster lenses and lavish archival datasets. These sources, all clearly at z > 1, illustrate the wide range in the radio and optical properties of distant submm-selected galaxies. We include detailed observations of the first candidate ‘pure’ starburst submm galaxy at high redshift, a z = 2.56 interacting galaxy which shows no obvious sign of hosting an AGN. The remaining sources have varying degrees of inferred AGN activity (three from seven of the most luminous show some evidence of the presence of an AGN) although even when an AGN is obviously present it is still not apparent if reprocessed radiation from this source dominates the submm emission. In contrast with the variation in the spectral properties, we see relatively homogeneous morphologies for the population, with a large fraction of merging or interacting systems. Our study shows that virtually identical spectral energy distributions are seen for galaxies which exhibit strikingly different optical/UV spectral-line characteristics. We conclude that standard optical/UV spectral classifications are misleading when applied to distant, highly obscured galaxies and that we must seek other means of determining the various contributions to the overall energy budget of submm galaxies and hence to the far-infrared extragalactic background.
Accretion in the ρ-Ophiuchi pre-main sequence stars

Aims. The aim of this paper is to provide a measurement of the mass accretion rate in a large, complete sample of objects in the core of the star forming region p Oph. Methods. The sample includes most of the objects (104 out of 111) with evidence of a circumstellar disk from mid-infrared photometry; it covers a stellar mass range from about 0.03 to 3 M ⊙ and it is complete to a limiting mass of ∼0.05 M ⊙ . We used J and K-band spectra to derive the mass accretion rate of each object from the intensity of the hydrogen recombination lines, Pap or Bry. For comparison, we also obtained similar spectra of 35 diskless objects. Results. The results show that emission in these lines is only seen in stars with disks, and can be used as an indicator of accretion. However, the converse does not hold, as about 50% of our disk objects do not have detectable line emission. The measured accretion rates show a strong correlation with the mass of the central object (Mace oc M 1.8±0.2 *) and a large spread, of two orders of magnitude at least, for any interval of M*. A comparison with existing data for Taurus shows that the objects in the two regions have similar behaviour, at least for objects more massive than ∼0.1 M ⊙ . The implications of these results are briefly discussed.
Peran Model Pengembangan Pariwisata Berbasis Masyarakat (Community Based Tourism) Dalam Mewujudkan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan (Sustainable Tourism) di Bali

Industri pariwisata merupakan kumpulan usaha pariwisata yang saling terkait yang bertujuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan wisatawan dalam penyelenggaraan pariwisata. Tentu saja dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan wisatawan dalam penyelenggaraan pariwisata dibutuhkan kerjasama dari dari berbagai pihak baik masyarakat setempat, pemerintah, pemerintah daerah, maupun pengusaha pariwisata. Masyarakat setempat memiliki peran yang penting khususnya bagi pengembangan industri pariwisata. Bahkan dalam ketentuan Pasal 5 Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2009 tentang Kepariwisataan dapat diketahui prinsip dalam penyelenggaraan kepariwisataan salah satunya ialah memberdayakan masyarakat setempat. Permasalahan yang kemudian muncul ialah terkadang pengembangan industri pariwisata tidak diarahkan pada pengembangan pariwisata yang berkelanjutan. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan adanya beberapa fasilitas penunjang pariwisata yang dibangun tidak sesuai dengan peruntukannya. Penelitian ini merupakah penelitian hukum empiris yang menggunakan data primer maupun sekunder yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran model pengembangan pariwisata berbasis masyarakat (community based tourism) dalam mewujudkan pariwisata berkelanjutan (sustainable tourism) di Bali. Hasil dari penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa model pengembangan pariwisata berbasis masyarakat menekankan pada peran atau partisipasi aktif masyarakat dalam mengembangkan pariwisata. Bahkan salah satu tujuan dari pariwisata berbasis masyarakat ini ialah untuk mewujudkan pembangunan pariwisata berkelanjutan. Masyarakat setempat memiliki peran yang sangat penting untuk mewujudkan pariwisata berkelanjutan (sustainable tourism). Peran dari pemerintah, pemerintah daerah, maupun pengusaha pariwisata juga sangat dibutuhkan untuk mewujudkan pariwisata berkelanjutan (sustainable tourism).
High upper critical field (120 T) with small anisotropy of highly hydrogen-substituted SmFeAsO epitaxial film

The electronic transport properties of a highly hydrogen-substituted 1111-type SmFeAsO epitaxial film with high critical-temperature ( T c = 45 K) were investigated under high magnetic fields. By using a single-turn magnet generating up to 130 T, we clarified that the upper critical field ( μ 0 H c2 ) of SmFeAsO 0.65 H 0.35 is 120 T at the nearly low-temperature limit of 2.2 K for μ 0 H || ab . The angular dependence of μ 0 H c2 revealed that the anisotropic parameter ( γ ) around T c is ~2, which is comparable with that of a practical candidate 122-type BaFe 2 As 2 with lower T c and much smaller than that of F-substituted SmFeAsO. The small γ mainly originates from the high hydrogen incorporation. The extremely high μ 0 H c2 and small γ , together with the high T c and high critical current density, suggest that SmFeAsO 1− x H x has high potential for the superconducting electromagnets and cables.
Microscopic understanding of heavy-tailed return distributions in an agent-based model

The distribution of returns in financial time series exhibits heavy tails. It has been found that gaps between the orders in the order book lead to large price shifts and thereby to these heavy tails. We set up an agent-based model to study this issue and, in particular, how the gaps in the order book emerge. The trading mechanism in our model is based on a double-auction order book. In situations where the order book is densely occupied with limit orders we do not observe fat-tailed distributions. As soon as less liquidity is available, a gap structure forms which leads to return distributions with heavy tails. We show that return distributions with heavy tails are an order-book effect if the available liquidity is constrained. This is largely independent of specific trading strategies.
Development of a hybrid model to plan segment based optimal promotion strategy

The study addresses the long-term effects of promotions in terms of movement in a value-based segmentation (lead, iron, gold, platinum), instead of simply looking at response rates that occur shortly after the promotion. The study develops a framework for planning an optimal promotion strategy via Markov Decision Processes and Machine Learning methods for an online department store. In the first phase, the states are set as the customer profitability segments in order to conduct the MDPs. Then, MDP model is solved, and the optimal decision for each segment is determined. In the second phase, in order to aid the company for making their plans for the next year, the segment that the customer will belong to next year should be predicted. Prediction of the future customer profitability segment is performed by using several machine learning algorithms, and the best performing model is selected. Using this best performing model, the company can predict the future (potential) profitability segment of the customer and make plans which include the optimal promotions that will be directed to the customers depending on their segments (these optimal promotions are the outcomes of the first phase). The proposed framework can be applied by practitioners in e-commerce companies which keep customer data.
Temporal Evolution of the Gamma-ray Burst Afterglow Spectrum for an Observer: GeV–TeV Synchrotron Self-Compton Light Curve

We numerically simulate the gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow emission with a one-zone time-dependent code. The temporal evolutions of the decelerating shocked shell and energy distributions of electrons and photons are consistently calculated. The photon spectrum and light curves for an observer are obtained taking into account the relativistic propagation of the shocked shell and the curvature of the emission surface. We find that the onset time of the afterglow is significantly earlier than the previous analytical estimate. The analytical formulae of the shock propagation and light curve for the radiative case are also different from our results. Our results show that even if the emission mechanism is switching from synchrotron to synchrotron self-Compton, the gamma-ray light curves can be a smooth power law, which agrees with the observed light curve and the late detection of a 32 GeV photon in GRB 130427A. The uncertainty of the model parameters obtained with the analytical formula is discussed, especially in connection with the closure relation between spectral index and decay index.
Pathological Changes in the Lungs of Patients with a Lethal COVID-19 Clinical Course

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was identified in 2019 and quickly became the cause of the fifth worst pandemic in human history. Our goal for this research paper was to examine the morphology of the lungs in 88 patients that died from COVID-19 in Latvia, thus increasing the data available about the histological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-induced disease. Lung tissue samples from 88 autopsies were visualized in hematoxylin–eosin and assessed by light microscopy. The male-to-female ratio was 56:32, and the mean age was 62 years ± 15.5 years (22–94 years). Clinically important laboratory data were assessed, including leucocyte count, CRP (C-reactive protein) and D-dimer levels. Signs of diffuse alveolar damage were found in 83/88 (94.3%; 95% CI 87.0–97.9) of patients, 38/88 (43.2%; 95% CI 33.3–53.6) in the exudative phase, and 45/88 (51.1%; 95% CI 40.8–61.3) in the proliferative phase. Vascular damage was identified in 70/88 (79.5%; 95% CI 69.9–86.7) of patients, and 83/88 (94.3%; 95% CI 87.0–97.9) had signs of thrombosis. A sparse inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and macrophages was a common finding aside from cases with an identified coinfection. Eighty patients had significant co-morbidities, including coronary heart disease (49), primary arterial hypertension (41), and diabetes mellitus (34). Since our group’s demographic profile and spectrum of co-morbidities were analogous to other reports, the histological findings of marked diffuse alveolar damage, widespread vascular lesions, and active thrombosis can be considered representative of severe COVID-19.
Novel Geometrical Models of Relativistic Stars III. The Point Particle Idealization

We describe a novel class of geometrical models of relativistic stars. Our approach to the static spherically symmetric solutions of Einstein equations is based on a careful physical analysis of radial gauge conditions. It brings us to a two parameter family of relativistic stars without stiff functional dependence between the stelar radius and stelar mass. As a result, a point particle idealization -- a limiting case of bodies with finite dimension, becomes possible in GR, much like in Newtonian gravity. We devote this article to detailed mathematical study of this limit.