Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drifting Behaviour and Honey Production of Honeybee Colonies Maintained on Pallets

SummaryFive layouts of 4 colonies each, were arranged on pallets to determine the amount of drifting that occurs between the colonies of each layout and to determine the relative honey production of the colonies of these layouts. There was no significant difference in the number of marked bees that drifted within 4 of the layouts but there was a significant difference in the number of marked bees that drifted within each of these four layouts and a fifth layout, where the hive entrances faced inwards. However, there was no significant difference in total honey production between the five layouts. Further, there were no significant differences in total honey production of colonies according to their position (which includes the direction they faced) both within and between layouts.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS INSIDE A SUSTAINABLE BACKYARD POULTRY BUILDING

Small scale backyard poultry buildings, which could be of any shape and design, are very important and every household in Nigeria should embrace. However, it is difficult for most households to plan and design appropriate buildings for their poultry birds. This study was carried out to design a building which could allow birds to exhibit their natural behaviours without being exposed to hazards and predators. The building with dimensions 2.8 m long, 2.3 m wide and 1.9 m height at the front and 1.3 m at the back was developed using local materials. The building comprised of resting room and a free space for poultry to exhibit their natural behaviours such as dust bathing, wing flapping and preening. There were perches inside the building were birds could roost at night. The indoor and outdoor climatic conditions (air temperature and air relative humidity) were evaluated. The result of the study showed that the highest mean indoor air temperature (30.60 °C) and highest mean indoor air relative humidity (83.88 %) were obtained in the afternoon and night respectively. The lowest mean indoor air temperature (24.23 °C) and mean indoor air relative humidity (66.64 %) were obtained in the night and afternoon respectively. The building was considered affordable ($280.00) and suitable for poultry grown for egg and meat production in the tropical humid climate.
Priming with moringa leaf extract reduces imbibitional chilling injury in spring maize

This study investigated the potential of moringa leaf extract (MLE) in seed priming for vigour enhancement of spring maize sown at low temperature (12 ± 1°C). The efficacy of MLE priming (3% w/v) was compared with other priming agents: kinetin (0.5% w/v), KCl (2% w/v) and hydropriming, each for 18 hours in hybrid maize cv. Pioneer-6525. Non-primed seeds were used as the control. Priming with MLE was the most effective in improving germination rate and subsequent seedling growth. This increased seedling performance was the result of reduced time to 50% germination (T50) and mean germination time (MGT), and higher final germination percentage (FGP), germination index (GI) and germination energy (GE). Similarly improved seedling growth following seed priming with MLE or kinetin was due to enhanced root and shoot lengths, the ratio of root:shoot length and maximum seedling fresh and dry weights compared with control seeds. Enhanced seedling maize performance by priming with MLE was attributed to improved chlorophyll content, amylase activity and total sugar contents under cool conditions.
Environmental Impacts on the Physiological Mechanisms Controlling Xenobiotic Transfer across Fish Gills

Fish physiologists have provided the basic information on gill morphology, gill function, and vascular dynamics with which to understand branchial flux of gases, water, and ions. In addition, pharmacologists and toxicologists, working in the area of drug action, have characterized the physicochemical attributes of xenobiotic chemicals that determine their rate of movement across biological membranes. Recently, aquatic toxicologists have applied this information to the question of what mechanisms control the movement of organic chemicals across fish gills and how exchange is affected by chemical properties. This research on gill transfer mechanisms was extended to consider environmental conditions that have been reported to influence chemical exchange (e.g., dissolved and/or suspended organic material, hydrogen ion concentration [pH], dissolved O₂, content, and water temperature). Mathematical models were developed that predict gill exchange as a function of basic processes such as water flow across the gills, blood flow through the gills, partitioning of the chemical between water and blood, and diffusion between blood and water across gill epithelia. Such mechanistic models can predict the effects of environmental conditions on exchange rates of xenobiotics. To fully develop a predictive capability for xenobiotic uptake and distribution by fish, it will be necessary to incorporate these gill models into emerging, physiologically based models for the entire animal.
Modelling rocking structures using standard finite elements

A technique is proposed for the purpose of analysing rocking structures using finite element methods. The proposed technique involves a minimum number of approximations and makes similar assumptions to those used in Housner’s rocking rigid block model. The example presented in this paper shows that the proposed method is an improvement on a number of previous analyses of rocking structures. Contact forces are consistent with contact conditions and no fictitious damping or other restoring forces are relied upon in the uplift stage. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by comparing displacement time histories obtained 1) by a finite element approach, 2) by solving Housner-type governing differential equations, 3) from published results of a previous study. Good matching of all three was achieved; however there are still opportunities for further refinement and improvement to the cumbersome parameter selection process.
Relationship Between Protective Enzymes,Endogenous Hormones in Pistil and Pollination Compatibility of Lilium

In this paper,the development of pollen was observed under fluoroscope,the dynamic changes of protective enzymes and endogenous hormones in pistil were studied during self-pollination and cross-pollination of Lilium 'Snow Queen'. The results showed that the co-changes of protective enzymes and endogenous hormones were caused by pollination compatibility,which varied with pollen development. The high level of SOD and POD and the contents of IAA,GA3 and ZR were beneficial to compatible pollen adhesion and germination (1-3 h after pollination),the activities of SOD and POD had a similiar tendency with the contents of IAA,GA3 and ZR during this stage. The content of ABA of cross-pollination was higher than that in self-pollination,indicating that the high level of ABA was related with cross-incompatibility.
Rhizobium strain, a banana (Musa spp.)-associated bacterium with a high potential as biofertilizer

ABSTRACT A diazotrophic bacterial strain denominated 11B isolated from the rhizosphere of a banana plant (Musa spp.) was characterized morphologically, biochemically, and phylogenetically, whereas the symbiotic potential of the strain was assessed through tests of host range, interstrain nodulation competitiveness, and capacity to synthesize indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and solubilize phosphate. Based on morphological and physiological–biochemical properties, as well as 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) sequence and phylogenetic analysis, the strain 11B belonged to the genus Rhizobium with 100.0% sequence similarity with Rhizobium tropici CAF440. The optimum growth temperature and pH for strain 11B are 28°C and 7.2, respectively. This strain was able to produce IAA, solubilize phosphate, and fix large amounts of nitrogen (N2) and form effective nodules on the legumes Acaciella angustissima, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, Lysiloma acapulcensis, and Phaseolus vulgaris. The rhizobial strain 11B was used successfully as a biofertilizer in agriculturally important legumes, forest trees, and agroindustrial plants.
Growth and development of imidazolinone-resistant and -susceptible smooth pigweed biotypes

Abstract Greenhouse and field studies were conducted in 1998 and 1999 to compare the growth and development of one imidazolinone-susceptible (S) and four -resistant (R1, R2, R3, and R4) smooth pigweed biotypes under noncompetitive and competitive conditions. Under noncompetitive conditions in the greenhouse, S plants accumulated biomass, grew faster during early seedling development, and accumulated leaf area sooner than plants from R2, R3, and R4 biotypes. At various times during the experiment, S plants grew faster and more efficiently used leaf area to accumulate more biomass than did R2, R3, and R4 plants. In addition, leaves emerged faster on S plants than on R2, R3, and R4 plants. R3 and R4 biotypes had significantly less chlorophyll per gram of plant tissue compared with S. In contrast, most growth parameters measured for S and R1 plants were similar. Biomass production in the field under intra- and interbiotypic competition was similar for S and all R biotypes. Findings from noncompetitive growth studies in the field were inconclusive, and further investigations are warranted. On the basis of these findings, S displayed an advantage in vegetative growth and development over three out of four imidazolinone-resistant biotypes during the early stages of development, but competitive differences were not confirmed in the field. Nomenclature: Smooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. AMACH.
Notes on Mammals of Southern Illinois

Natural habitats in southern Illinois are more varied than elsewhere in the state, and this is reflected in a relatively rich mammalian fauna. However, surprisingly little concerning the biology of the mammals of this region has been recorded, most of the pertinent literature being of a taxonomic or distributional nature. The present paper is based on observations and collections made during the period from July, 1954, through June, 1955, and is intended primarily as a contribution to a specific knowledge of the natural history of the mammals of southern Illinois. Data were gathered from 14 counties (Fig. 1). Twelve of these are within the group of 16 southernmost countries of Illinois commonly denoted as Southern Illinois, while two (Jefferson and Marion) lie to the north. Nearly 900 specimens of 37 species were examined, and observations were made on. five additional. species of which no specimens were taken. Approximately 400 skins and skulls were prepared. In addition, many skulls without skins and other skeletal materials were saved. A number of bats were preserved in, 70 percent alcohol, while many carcasses, reproductive organs, and alimentary tracts of various species were preserved in 10 percent formalin for further study. These materials have been deposited in the Wildlife Research Laboratory collection, Southern Illinois University, and the University of Florida mammal collection.
Variability of Seed Fatty Acid Composition to Growing Degree-Days in High Oleic Acid Sunflower Genotypes

Abstract High temperature enhances the oleic acid content in the oil of normal cultivars but conflicting results are reported on temperature effects on oleic acid content in HO cultivars: either no effect or an increase in oleic acid content with temperature. To investigate the effects of temperature on HO genotypes under natural field conditions, a three-year field trial was conducted using two sowing dates and three HO genotypes (two inbred lines and one hybrid). To compare our results with previous works, growing degree-days (GDD) were computed (base temperature=6°C). GDD accumulated during the “flowering – 25 days after flowering” period influenced fatty acid composition of seed. Oleic and linoleic acid contents were affected by accumulated GDD in two HO genotypes (one inbred line and the hybrid). There was an increase of about 3% in oleic acid content as response to more high GDD accumulated. Their content was not modified by GDD in the other inbred line. There was a genotype×environment interaction that we suppose depending on modifier genes. These genetic factors affected oleic acid content. This indicated the importance of breeding targeted to select hybrids with a stable oleic acid content and higher than 90%. Saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic) were also influenced by temperature, and there was genetic variability among genotypes.
Dynamic factors in case of damaging continuous beam supports Коэффициенты динамичности при повреждении опор

The article provides the research results of the continuous beam operation in case of the support damage. When the support is damaged, the design model of the beam is changing, the spans are increasing, and the force in the beam is increasing. Moreover, a fast removal of the support at the effect of the unaltering during the destruction of the beam concentrated or distributed force will lead to the evolvement of the vibrations and increase of the beam force. The theoretical jurisdictions are provided for the determination of dynamic factors which might be used for the determination of dynamic force based on the results of the static calculations for the damaged construction. Theoretical dynamic factors are determined for the beams loaded by the concentrated loads. The numerical computations have been performed with the use of finite-element design models. By the example of the continuous beams loaded by the concentrated and distributed forces, the consequence of the dynamic calculations for damaged beams is shown taking to account the time of the support breakdown. It is set that the maximum force values appear in the beams with time for the support damage from 0.01 to 0.1 sec. The comparison of theoretical and numerical dynamic factors is conducted. It showed a good compliance of factor values determined by different methods. The recommendations are provided for practical applications of the dynamic factor at the calculation of continuous beams. Аннотация. В статье представлены результаты исследования работы неразрезных балок при повреждении опор. При повреждении опор изменяется расчётная схема балки, возрастают пролёты и увеличиваются усилия в балке. Кроме того быстрое исключение опоры при действии на балку не меняющейся в момент разрушения сосредоточенной или распределённой нагрузки ведёт к развитию колебаний и увеличению усилий в балке. Представлены теоретические обоснования для определения коэффициентов динамичности, которые можно использовать для определения динамических усилий по результатам статических расчётов повреждённой конструкции. Теоретические коэффициенты динамичности определены для балок загруженных сосредоточенными нагрузками. Проведены численные расчёты с применением конечноэлементных расчётных схем. На примере неразрезных балок, загруженных сосредоточенными и распределёнными нагрузками показана последовательность динамических расчётов повреждённых балок с учётом времени выхода опор из строя. Установлено, что максимальные значения усилий возникают в балках при времени повреждения опоры от 0,01 до 0,1 сек. Выполнено сравнение теоретических и численных коэффициентов динамичности, показавшее хорошее совпадение значений коэффициентов, полученных разными методами. Даны рекомендации для практического применения коэффициента динамичности при расчетах неразрезных балок.
Effect of entrapped slow release pre-emergence herbicide oxadiargyl with zeolite, biochar, starch and water soluble polymer formulations on weed control duration and yield of transplanted rice

Field experiment was carried out during kharif, 2016 at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai in order to study the effect of slow release herbicide formulations on growth and yield of transplanted rice. Weed control treatments significantly reduced the total weed density and total weed dry weight over weedy check both at 20 and 40 DAT. Application of oxadiargyl loaded with zeolite on 3 DAT recorded significantly less total weed dry weight of 9.62, 19.64 g m at 20 and 40 DAT, respectively. Weed free check treatment recorded the maximum grain yield of 5830 kg ha. Among the weed control treatments, application of butachlor @ 1.25 kg ha on 3 DAT fb hand weeding on 40 DAT and application of oxadiargyl loaded with zeolite on 3 DAT(T2) were on par with each other with 86.7 and 77.1 per cent higher grain yield respectively over weedy check.
Diatoms in Pleistocene Deep Black Sea Sediments: Biology

In the time interval from 25,000 to 7,000 years B.P., the diatoms deposited in deep Black Sea sediments were predominantly freshwater species. From 7,000 years B.P. to modern times, brackish and marine species have predominated. Diatom studies thus corroborate studies by other investigators which indicate that the Black Sea gradually changed from a freshwater to a brackish-marine environment in the time period between approximately 10,000 and 7,000 years B.P.
Association studies for seed yield and its atiributes in bi-parental progenies of fennel

100 bi-parental progenies developed separately from two diverse populations of fennel were evaluated to determine correlations among seed yield and its components. Seed yield per plant was found to be positively and significantly correlated with branches per plant, umbels per plant, biological yield per plBnt and harvest index in both the populations. It is suggested that seed yield could be improved if selection is practiced for these characters.
Inhibitive Effect of Argemone mexicana Plant Extract on Acid Corrosion of Mild Steel

The effect of plant extract of Papaveraceae family Argemone mexicana is studied for use as a low cost and efficient corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic environment. This plant extract is selected for the study of corrosion inhibition in view of its rich source of organic inhibiting molecules as proteins, amino acids, tannins, phenolic compounds, saponins, and flavonoids and nonalkaloids organic compounds such as fused benzene rings, hetero N atom rings, −OCH3, and −OH groups. A simple extraction method is adopted to obtain water-based plant extract. Argemone mexicana extract is for the first time used as an efficient inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCl. Weight loss and electrochemical methods are used to study the corrosion. Nearly 80% corrosion inhibition is observed at around 200 mg L–1 inhibitor concentration and maximum (92.5%) for 500 mg L–1 extract concentration in 1 M HCl. Inhibition mechanism is studied using UV–vis, electrochemical, and surface imaging techniques.
The Impact of Processing on Amino Acid Racemization and Protein Quality in Processed Animal Proteins of Poultry Origin

Re-authorization of processed animal proteins (PAPs) in EU, derived from by-products of human food production, could increase manufacturing of proteins for feed ingredients and reduce the need of imported proteins mainly of plant origin. The PAPs production is largely done by the rendering process during which authorized animal by-products are heat treated to extract valuable protein and animal fat, ensuring sterilizing conditions of raw incoming materials. Proteins exposure to certain processing conditions induces two important chemical changes, racemization of amino acids and formation of cross-linked amino acid. These changes are associated with appreciable reduction of protein digestibility and nutritional value. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of heat treatment on amino acid racemization in processed animal proteins of poultry origin and related nutritional implications by evaluation of their in vitro digestibility. The results reported confirm the detection of racemized amino acids in processed animal proteins, especially D-aspartic acid, as realistic indicators of thermal treatments during PAP manufacturing. In our results, the severe (115°C) and prolonged heat treatment (180 minutes) revealed a D-Asp content of 28.1%. Prolongation of temperature treatment (20, 30 and 180 min, at 115°C) significantly (P<0.05) affects in vitro protein digestibility, which decrease from 86.0%, in no-treated sample, to 78.3% and 79.1% after 20 and 30 min, respectively, and to 76.3% after 180 min. The processing conditions applied during PAPs preparations and the racemization of proteins amino acids may reasonably be involved in the loss of protein quality.
Targeting the signalling cascades responsible for human neuronal apoptosis elicited by the lipid neuromodulator platelet activating factor

Apoptosis is known to underlie neuronal loss in many human neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer disease (AD), HIV-dementia and ischemic stroke. Phospholipid signalling is involved in each of these conditions; changes in phospholipid membrane composition and phospholipid synthesis enzyme activity occurs in AD, while in HIV-dementia and ischemia there is an increased production and accumulation of inflammatory bioactive phospholipid mediators. Pathophysiological exposure to the phospholipid neuromodulator platelet activating factor (PAF) can initiate apoptotic pathways, and has been hypothesized to be a key mediator of neuronal death in these neurodegenerative disorders. It has been assumed that PAF signals exclusively through its G-protein coupled receptor (PAFR). However, our laboratory has shown that PAF can also induce apoptosis independently of PAFR and that ectopic expression of PAFR renders cells resistant to PAF-induced toxicity. This is relevant to neurodegenerative disease since PAFR expression in the human brain is found predominantly in non-neuronal cells suggesting that PAFRindependent signalling is also involved in neurodegeneration. This thesis focused on elucidating the PAF-induced, PAFR-independent apoptotic pathways in human neurons with the overarching goal of identifying new therapeutic targets capable of inhibiting neuronal loss in neurodegenerative disease. Here, PAF is shown to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress resulting in caspase-2 activation, leading to the activation of caspase-7, and culminating in DNA fragmentation in human neurons (hNTs) lacking PAFR. Mitochondrial effects,
The Role of Organizational Commitment in Improving Organizational Citizenship Behavior

This study aims to examine the effect of work life balance, personality and organizational commitment on organizational citizenship behavior. The sample used in this study was 165 respondents. The sampling technique uses incidental sampling. Data analysis methods use descriptive analysis, regression analysis, and path analysis using IBM SPSS. The results showed that work life balance was not significantly positive effect, while personality and organizational commitment had a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior and organizational commitment was able to mediate the relationship between work life balance and personality on organizational citizenship behavior. The suggestion from this research is that the company should be able to develop more policies that encourage employees to be eager to contribute. For further research that is examining the same aspects to use respondents who have a position in a relatively high job, such as supervisors and managers. To be compared between employees who have positions and not have positions.
Assembly rules, null models, and trait dispersion : new questions from old patterns

". the same environments are repeated in the same region, their selective action upon the plant immigrants leads to an essentially similar flora in each, and a similar flora produces similar reactions. These conditions produce the well known phenomena of plant associations of recognizable extent and their repetition with great fidelity in many areas of the same region, but they also produce the variable vegetation of our sand dunes and small pools, the fragmentary associations of areas of small size, and the broad transition zones where different types of vegetation are mixed. " H. A. Gleason (1926)