Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Quantum-cognitively Inspired Sentiment Analysis Models

Quantum theory, originally proposed as a physical theory to describe the motions of microscopic particles, has been applied to various non-physics domains involving human cognition and decision-making that are inherently uncertain and exhibit certain non-classical, quantum-like characteristics. Sentiment analysis is a typical example of such domains. In the last few years, by leveraging the modeling power of quantum probability (a non-classical probability stemming from quantum mechanics methodology) and deep neural networks, a range of novel quantum-cognitively inspired models for sentiment analysis have emerged and performed well. This survey presents a timely overview of the latest developments in this fascinating cross-disciplinary area. We first provide a background of quantum probability and quantum cognition at a theoretical level, analyzing their advantages over classical theories in modeling the cognitive aspects of sentiment analysis. Then, recent quantum-cognitively inspired models are introduced and discussed in detail, focusing on how they approach the key challenges of the sentiment analysis task. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the current research and highlight future research directions.
Quantifying the Variability Collapse of Neural Networks

Recent studies empirically demonstrate the positive relationship between the transferability of neural networks and the within-class variation of the last layer features. The recently discovered Neural Collapse (NC) phenomenon provides a new perspective of understanding such last layer geometry of neural networks. In this paper, we propose a novel metric, named Variability Collapse Index (VCI), to quantify the variability collapse phenomenon in the NC paradigm. The VCI metric is well-motivated and intrinsically related to the linear probing loss on the last layer features. Moreover, it enjoys desired theoretical and empirical properties, including invariance under invertible linear transformations and numerical stability, that distinguishes it from previous metrics. Our experiments verify that VCI is indicative of the variability collapse and the transferability of pretrained neural networks.
High and Low-Frequency Stimulation Effect on Epileptiform Activity in Brain Slices

Background Neurostimulation is one of the new therapeutic approaches in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, and despite its high efficiency, its mechanism of action is still unclear. On the one hand, electrical stimulation in the human brain is immoral; on the other hand, the creation of the epilepsy model in laboratory animals affects the entire brain network. As a result, one of the ways to achieve the neurostimulation mechanism is to use epileptiform activity models In vitro. In vitro models, by accessing the local network from the whole brain, we can understand the mechanisms of action of neurostimulation. Methods A literature search using scientific databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, using "Neurostimulation" and "epileptiform activity" combined with "high-frequency stimulation", " low-frequency stimulation ", and "brain slices” as keywords were conducted, related concepts to the topic gathered and are used in this paper. Results Electrical stimulation causes neuronal depolarization and the release of GABAA, which inhibits neuronal firing. Also, electrical stimulation inhibits the nervous tissue downstream of the stimulation site by preventing the passage of nervous activity from the upstream to the downstream of the axon. Conclusion Neurostimulation techniques consisting of LFS and HFS have a potential role in treating epileptiform activity, with some studies having positive results. Further investigations with larger sample sizes and standardized outcome measures can be conducted to validate the results of previous studies.
Simulations of idealised 3D atmospheric flows on terrestrial planets using LFRic-Atmosphere

Abstract. We demonstrate that LFRic-Atmosphere, a model built using the Met Office's GungHo dynamical core, is able to reproduce idealised large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns specified by several widely used benchmark recipes. This is motivated by the rapid rate of exoplanet discovery and the ever-growing need for numerical modelling and characterisation of their atmospheres. Here we present LFRic-Atmosphere's results for the idealised tests imitating circulation regimes commonly used in the exoplanet modelling community. The benchmarks include three analytic forcing cases: the standard Held–Suarez test, the Menou–Rauscher Earth-like test, and the Merlis–Schneider tidally locked Earth test. Qualitatively, LFRic-Atmosphere agrees well with other numerical models and shows excellent conservation properties in terms of total mass, angular momentum, and kinetic energy. We then use LFRic-Atmosphere with a more realistic representation of physical processes (radiation, subgrid-scale mixing, convection, clouds) by configuring it for the four TRAPPIST-1 Habitable Atmosphere Intercomparison (THAI) scenarios. This is the first application of LFRic-Atmosphere to a possible climate of a confirmed terrestrial exoplanet. LFRic-Atmosphere reproduces the THAI scenarios within the spread of the existing models across a range of key climatic variables. Our work shows that LFRic-Atmosphere performs well in the seven benchmark tests for terrestrial atmospheres, justifying its use in future exoplanet climate studies.
Azimuthal ion movement in HiPIMS plasmas—Part II: lateral growth fluxes

The transport of sputtered species from the target of a magnetron plasma to a collecting surface at the circumference of the plasma is analyzed using a particle tracer technique. A small chromium insert at the racetrack position inside a titanium target is used as the source of tracer particles, which are redeposited on the collecting surface. The azimuthal velocity of the ions along the racetrack above the target is determined from the Doppler shift of the optical emission lines of titanium and chromium. The trajectories are reconstructed from an analysis of the transport physics leading to the measured deposition profiles. It is shown that a simple direct line-of-sight re-deposition model can explain the data for low-power plasmas (direct current magnetron sputtering) and for pulsed high-power impulse magnetron plasmas (HiPIMS) by using the Thompson velocity distribution from the sputtering process as starting condition. In the case of a HiPIMS plasma, the drag force exerted on the ions and neutrals by the electron Hall current has to be included causing an azimuthal displacement in E⃗×B⃗ direction. Nevertheless, the Thompson sputter distribution remains preserved for 50% of the re-deposited growth flux. The implications for the understanding of transport processes in magnetron plasmas are discussed.
Temperature–chemistry coupling in the evolution of gas giant atmospheres driven by stellar flares

The effect of enhanced UV irradiation associated with stellar flares on the atmospheric composition and temperature of gas giant exoplanets was investigated. This was done using a 1D radiative-convective-chemical model with self-consistent feedback between the temperature and the non-equilibrium chemistry. It was found that flare-driven changes to chemical composition and temperature give rise to prolonged trends in evolution across a broad range of pressure levels and species. Allowing feedback between chemistry and temperature plays an important role in establishing the quiescent structure of these atmospheres, and determines their evolution due to flares. It was found that cooler planets are more susceptible to flares than warmer ones, seeing larger changes in composition and temperature, and that temperature–chemistry feedback modifies their evolution. Long-term exposure to flares changes the transmission spectra of gas giant atmospheres; these changes differed when the temperature structure was allowed to evolve self-consistently with the chemistry. Changes in spectral features due to the effects of flares on these atmospheres can be associated with changes in composition. The effects of flares on the atmospheres of sufficiently cool planets will impact observations made with JWST. It is necessary to use self-consistent models of temperature and chemistry in order to accurately capture the effects of flares on features in the transmission spectra of cooler gas giants, but this depends heavily on the radiation environment of the planet.
LIBERO: Benchmarking Knowledge Transfer for Lifelong Robot Learning

Lifelong learning offers a promising paradigm of building a generalist agent that learns and adapts over its lifespan. Unlike traditional lifelong learning problems in image and text domains, which primarily involve the transfer of declarative knowledge of entities and concepts, lifelong learning in decision-making (LLDM) also necessitates the transfer of procedural knowledge, such as actions and behaviors. To advance research in LLDM, we introduce LIBERO, a novel benchmark of lifelong learning for robot manipulation. Specifically, LIBERO highlights five key research topics in LLDM: 1) how to efficiently transfer declarative knowledge, procedural knowledge, or the mixture of both; 2) how to design effective policy architectures and 3) effective algorithms for LLDM; 4) the robustness of a lifelong learner with respect to task ordering; and 5) the effect of model pretraining for LLDM. We develop an extendible procedural generation pipeline that can in principle generate infinitely many tasks. For benchmarking purpose, we create four task suites (130 tasks in total) that we use to investigate the above-mentioned research topics. To support sample-efficient learning, we provide high-quality human-teleoperated demonstration data for all tasks. Our extensive experiments present several insightful or even unexpected discoveries: sequential finetuning outperforms existing lifelong learning methods in forward transfer, no single visual encoder architecture excels at all types of knowledge transfer, and naive supervised pretraining can hinder agents' performance in the subsequent LLDM. Check the website at https://libero-project.github. io for the code and the datasets.
MHD flow of nanofluid with homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions and velocity slip

This article focuses on the steady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of viscous nanofluid. The flow is caused by a stretching surface with homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions. An incompressible fluid fills the porous space. Copper-water and silver-water nanofluids are investigated in this study. Transformation method reduces the non-linear partial differential equations governing the flow into the ordinary differential equation by similarity transformations. The obtained equations are then solved for the development of series solutions. Convergence of the obtained series solutions is explicitly discussed. Effects of different parameters on the velocity, concentration and skin friction coefficient are shown and analyzed through graphs.
A theorem on the existence of trace-form generalized entropies

An analytic technique is proposed, which allows to generate many new examples of entropic functionals generalizing the standard Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy. Our approach is based on the existence of a group-theoretical structure, which is intimately related with the notion of entropy, as clarified in recent work of the author. The new entropies proposed satisfy the first three Shannon–Khinchin axioms and are composable (at least in a weak sense). By combining them, multi-parametric examples of entropies can be realized. As a by-product of the theory, entropic functionals related to the Riemann zeta function and other number-theoretical functions are introduced.
A spatiotemporal barrier formed by Follistatin is required for left–right patterning

Significance The left–right patterning of vertebrate embryos relies on an orderly propagation of the asymmetric Nodal signaling from posterior to anterior. This requires a left–right organizer (LRO) that is located at the posterior tip of the embryo to break the bilateral symmetry, as well as a midline barrier that prevents Nodal from diffusing along the left–right direction. The current study identifies a new barrier, which is set up by Follistatin (Fst) and expressed bilaterally. This barrier gates the propagation of the asymmetric Nodal activity toward the anterior to ensure a proper left–right patterning outcome throughout the entire embryo including the forebrain.
Oral Biofilm Cryotherapy as a Novel Ecological Modulation Approach

Oral cryotherapy is used in dentistry as a safe, simple, and low-cost treatment for a variety of oral lesions. It is well known for its ability to aid in the healing process. However, its effect on oral biofilms is unknown. As a result, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of cryotherapy on in vitro oral biofilms. In vitro multispecies oral biofilms were grown on the surface of hydroxyapatite discs in symbiotic or dysbiotic states. CryoPen X+ was used to treat the biofilms, whereas untreated biofilms served as control. One set of biofilms was collected for study immediately after cryotherapy, whereas another group was reincubated for 24 h to permit biofilm recovery. Changes in biofilm structure were analyzed with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM), while biofilm ecology and community compositional changes were analyzed with viability DNA extraction and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (v-qPCR) analysis. One cryo-cycle immediately reduced biofilm load by 0.2 to 0.4 log10 Geq/mL, which increased with additional treatment cycles. Although the bacterial load of the treated biofilms recovered to the same level as the control biofilms within 24 h, the CLSM detected structural alterations. Compositional alterations were also detected by SEM, corroborating the v-qPCR findings that showed ≈≤10% incidence of pathogenic species compared to nontreated biofilms that encompassed ≈45% and 13% pathogenic species in dysbiotic and symbiotic biofilms, respectively. Spray cryotherapy showed promising results in a novel conceptual approach to the control of oral biofilms. Acting selectively by targeting oral pathobionts and retaining commensals, spray cryotherapy could modify the ecology of in vitro oral biofilms to become more symbiotic and prevent the evolution of dysbiosis without the use of antiseptics/antimicrobials.
Finite families of plane valuations: value semigroup, graded algebra and Poincares eries

The formal definition of valuation was firstly given by the Hungarian mathe- matician J. Kurschak in 1912 supported with ideas of Hensel. Valuation theory, based on this concept, has been developed by a large number of contributors (some of them distinguished mathematicians as Krull or Zariski) and it has a wide range of applications in di! erent context and research areas as, for instance, algebraic number theory or commutative algebra and its application to algebraic geometry or theory of diophantine equations. In this paper, we are interested in some applications of valuation theory to algebraic geometry and, particularly, to singularity theory. Valuation theory was one of the main tools used by Zariski when he attempted to give a proof of resolution of singularities for algebraic schemes. In characteristic zero, resolution was proved by Hironaka without using that tool; however there is no general proof for positive characteristic and valuations seem to be suitable algebraic objects for this purpose. Valuations associated with irreducible curve singularities are one of the best known classes of valuations, especially the case corresponding to plane branches where valuations and desingularization process are very related. Germs of plane curves can contain several branches and, for this reason, it is useful to study their corresponding valuations, not only in an independent manner but as a whole (6, 7, 8). Valuations of the fraction field of some 2-dimensional local regular Noetherian ring R centered at R, that we call plane valuations, are a very interesting class of valuations which includes the above mentioned family related with branches. These valuations were studied by Zariski and their study was revitalized by the paper (46). Very little is known about valuations in higher dimension. The aim of this paper is to provide a concise survey of some aspects of the theory of plane valuations, adding some comments upon more general valuations when it is possible. For those valuations, we describe value semigroup, graded algebra and Poincares eries emphasizing on the recent study of the same algebraic objects for finite families of valuations and their relation with the corresponding ones for reduced germs of plane curves.
Injuries in Ballroom DanceSport: A Retrospective Study on Prevalence and Relation With Demographic Data

Background: DanceSport is a variant of Ballroom dancing, a style that is performed as a couple dancing together. Although there are many participants worldwide, the amount of research on injuries done in this style of dancing is limited. Objective: The aim of this study was obtaining information about the DanceSport Athletes in the Netherlands including anthropometrics, level, frequency and duration of dance training per week. Our second objective was to investigate injury prevalence and type of injuries. Study Design: Retrospective questionnaire study. Methods: All 816 registered active dancers within the Dutch DanceSport Association received an online questionnaire with questions on anthropometrics, level of dancing, frequency and duration of dance training, and questions on injuries. The Chi-Square test was used to calculate differences between categorical variables. Results: A total of 218 dancers (33.7%) completed the questionnaire, 107 males (49.1%), and 111 females (50.9%). The mean age for men was 42 ± 15.9 and 36 ± 15.1 for women. 176 dancers (80.7%) reported 1 or more injuries. Foot, ankle, and lower leg injuries were reported most frequently, 49 males (45.8%), and 60 females (54.1%). No significant difference was found in the total number of injuries for the variables sex (P = .761) and discipline (P = .225). Significantly more head and neck injuries were identified in female Standard dancers (P < .001) compared to male dancers. Also, Standard dancers have more back injuries compared to dancers in both disciplines (P < .009). Conclusion: With the described anthropometrics and an 80% lifetime prevalence of injuries, this group can be compared to other dance forms. Significant differences in injuries of the head and neck for female Standard dancers compared to male dancers and significantly more back injuries in Standard dancers compared to dancers in both disciplines were found. Future studies need to translate and validate existing questionnaires in Dutch for use in this population.
Complications of cochlear implants: a MAUDE database study

Abstract Objective A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted of the US Food and Drug Administration's MAUDE (Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience) database, to evaluate the complication profile of cochlear implantation according to manufacturer. Methods A review of the MAUDE database was conducted from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2020. Complications, including infection, extrusion, facial nerve stimulation, meningitis and cerebrospinal fluid leak, were identified using key word searches. The categorised data were analysed using a chi-square test to determine a difference in global complication incidence between three major cochlear implant manufacturers: manufacturer A (Cochlear Limited), manufacturer B (Med-El) and manufacturer C (Advanced Bionics). Results A total of 31 857 adverse events were analysed. Implants of manufacturer C were associated with a statistically higher rate of infection (0.97 per cent), cerebrospinal fluid leak (0.07 per cent), extrusion (0.44 per cent) and facial nerve stimulation (0.11 per cent). Implants of manufacturer B were associated with a statistically higher rate of meningitis (0.07 per cent). Conclusion Consideration of patient risk factors along with cochlear implant manufacturers can heighten awareness of cochlear implant complications pre-operatively, intra-operatively and post-operatively.
Diagnostic accuracy of gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire for gastroesophageal reflux disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

The use of a symptom‐based gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) questionnaire (GerdQ) for GERD diagnosis has gained interest due to its greater efficacy and ease of use than other available questionnaires. However, different guidelines have given inconsistent recommendations regarding using GerdQ as a diagnostic test. This meta‐analysis summarized the diagnostic accuracy of GerdQ for diagnosing GERD.
Positive biases and psychological functioning during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic

ABSTRACT Many individuals have experienced a multitude of chronic stressors and diminished psychological functioning during COVID-19. The current study examined whether biases towards positive social media or positive autobiographical memories was related to increases in psychological functioning during COVID-19. Participants were 1071 adults (Mage = 46.31; 58% female; 78% White) recruited from MTurk. Participants reported on their social media consumption and autobiographical recall, positive and negative affect, and dysphoria symptoms. Results indicated that, at the first assessment collected in the spring and summer of 2020, positively biased social media consumption was cross-sectionally related to higher levels of positive affect, and positively biased autobiographical recall was cross-sectionally related to lower levels of negative affect and dysphoria symptoms. Sensitivity analyses examined cross-sectional relations from a second assessment collected in fall 2020, and prospective cross-lagged analyses. The findings point to potential psychological benefits of positive biases during chronic stressors.
Patients' experiences of termination of pregnancy at a regional hospital in Durban, South Africa.

BACKGROUND Safe and effective termination of pregnancy (ToP) services have helped to resolve the uncertainty that surrounds unwantedpregnancies globally and in South Africa (SA). It is important to determine the demographic profile of women requesting ToP and to assessthe reasons for ToP and the beliefs and experiences of women seeking these services in order to improve service delivery. OBJECTIVES To determine the sociodemographic profile and emotional and psychological experiences of women undergoing ToP at aregional hospital in Durban, SA. METHODS The study population consisted of women seeking either medical or surgical ToP at the Addington Hospital ToP clinic from Juneto August 2021. The participants were requested to complete a structured self-reporting questionnaire on their sociodemographics, theirawareness of, attitude to and knowledge of ToP, and their reasons for seeking ToP services, as well as contraception method and use. Thequestionnaire also captured their experience after the ToP was completed. RESULTS Of the 246 participants, the majority (92.3%) were aged 16 - 35 years, with 62.6% having little or no income and dependent ontheir family or partner for financial support. Most of the participants (73.2%) were parous and had secondary education and above (94.3%). Furthermore, 59.0% of the participants indicated they were not on any form of contraception before becoming pregnant, even though 70.3%of them were single. The most cited reasons for ToP were lack of finance (37.5%), schooling (33.9%), and not feeling ready to be a parent(20.0%). Although some participants (35.7%) were fearful of ToP, most of them (78.0%) reported feeling relieved after the procedure. CONCLUSION Unemployment and financial dependency appeared to be common reasons for seeking ToP in our study population. Most ofthe women were single and many had not used any contraception prior to the pregnancy.