Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inquiry-Based Learning: Student Teachers’ Challenges and Perceptions

Inquiry-based learning (IBL) is a student-centered approach driven by students’ questions and their innate curiosity. IBL was introduced and effectively implemented in the general secondary teaching methods course at the American University in Dubai. The study made use of a mixed methods approach. It was guided by two research questions: 1). What factors hinder the implementation of IBL in the student teachers’ classrooms? 2). Why do student teachers favor the use of IBL in their classroom? Eight student teachers enrolled in the general secondary teaching methodology course at the American University in Dubai (Fall 2017) participated in the study. First, they completed a survey to gain insight into the challenges and difficulties student teachers face in the implementation of IBL in their classroom. In order to build on the results from the quantitative phase, the student teachers were next involved in a qualitative data collection phase, where they had to answer the question: What makes you want to implement IBL in your own classroom? Results revealed that student teachers considered ‘school system’ as a factor that hinders the implementation of IBL in their classroom. In addition, data collected from the openended question were categorized into two main themes: IBL creates a culture of deep and transferable learning and strengthens student engagement and IBL allows for differentiation and empowers student voice and choice. To make the most of this innovative student-centered approach, IBL needs to be highly valued at all academic levels starting from early stages and across all disciplines. It is essential that IBL becomes embedded in daily school curricula to ensure an interactive learning journey that calls out for student questioning, deep learning, and engaged, motivated learners.
Prediction of the Spinal Musculoskeletal Loadings during Level Walking and Stair Climbing after Two Types of Simulated Interventions in Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation

Background Low back pain (LBP) continues to be a severe global healthy problem, and a lot of patients would undergo conservative or surgical treatments. However, the improving capacity of spinal load sharing during activities of daily living (ADLs) after interventions is largely unknown. The objective of this study was to quantitatively predict the improvement of spinal musculoskeletal loadings during level walking and stair climbing after two simulated interventions. Material and Methods Twenty-six healthy adults and seven lumbar disc herniation patients performed level walking and stair climbing in sequence. The spinal movement was recorded using a motion capture system. The experimental data were applied to drive a musculoskeletal model to calculate all the lumbar joint resultant forces and muscle activities of seventeen main trunk muscle groups. Rehabilitation and reconstruction were selected as the representative of conservative and surgical treatment, respectively. The spinal load sharing after rehabilitation and reconstruction was predicted by replacing the patients' spine rhythm with healthy subjects' spine rhythm and altering the center of rotation at the L5S1 level, respectively. Results During both level walking and stair climbing, the joint resultant forces of the lower lumbar intervertebral discs were predicted to reduce after the two simulated inventions. In addition, the maximum muscle activities of the most trunk muscle groups decreased after simulated rehabilitation and conversely increased after simulated reconstruction. Conclusion The predictions revealed the different compensatory responses on the spinal load sharing after two simulated interventions, severing as guidance for making preoperative planning and rehabilitation planning.
PPA_A_212507 1295..1302

Lisa-Marie Weinmayr Jost Steinhäuser Svante Christoph Gehring Katja Goetz 1 1Institute of Family Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck 23538, Germany; 2Ärztegenossenschaft Nord eG, Bad Segeberg 23795, Germany; 3HANN Haus & Facharztnetz Nord GmbH, Norderstedt 22851, Germany Objective: The aims of the current analysis were to evaluate the vaccination status and attitudes towards vaccinations of elderly patients and to explore effects of a vaccination campaign. Methods: The data were raised in primary care settings by a physicians network which collected data during routine care from 697 patients and by the analysis of health insurance claims data from the Kassenärztliche Vereinigung Schleswig-Holstein (KVSH/Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians of the federal state of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany), regarding vaccinations in the participating practices before and after a vaccination campaign. Results: Vaccination documentation for tetanus (57.7%), diphtheria (55.7%) and influenza (55.8%) was available for slightly more than half of the study sample. A lower documentation rate was observed for pertussis (33.1%), pneumococcal vaccination (30.3%) and polio (26.3%). Practice assistants were more responsible for determining the vaccination status than physicians. The attitude regarding influenza and pneumococcal vaccine was positive in 72.9% and 56.9% of patients respectively. After the campaign, rates of influenza and pneumococcal vaccine utilization increased by 13.4% and 62.9%, respectively. Conclusions: Attitudes regarding vaccination were generally positive. Documentation was missing for almost half of the elderly population. The delegation of vaccine management to practice assistants could increase the immunization rate. Moreover, it can be assumed that a campaign might be helpful in increasing vaccination awareness and vaccine coverage.
PHMT_A_229227 1..12

Alemwork Desta Meshesha 1 Muluken Azage 2 EndalkachewWorku Getahun Gebre Bogale 4 1ART Clinic, Dessie Referral Hospital, Dessie, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia; 2Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; 3Department of Reproductive Health and Population Studies, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; 4Department of Health Informatics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia Background: Globally, every year, 2.5 million infants die within their first month of life. Birth asphyxia is one of the leading causes in all lowand middle-income countries and the leading single cause of neonatal mortality in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the determinants of birth asphyxia among newborns admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in Amhara region referral hospitals, Ethiopia. Methods: Facility-based unmatched case-control study was employed fromMarch 1 to April 30, 2018. Cases were newborn babies admitted to neonatal intensive care units with an admission criteria of birth asphyxia with APGAR score of <7 at five min of birth and controls were newborn babies admitted to NICU with an admission criteria of other complications (such as jaundice, congenital anomalies, sepsis, hemorrhagic diseases) with APGAR score of ≥7 at five min of birth. Using SPSS version 20, bivariate logistic regression model was fitted to check the relation of each independent variable to the outcome variable. Variables with p<0.2 in bivariate analysis were transferred to multivariable logistic regression model for final analysis. Variables with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 95%CI and p<0.05 were reported as determinants of birth asphyxia. Results: Data were collected from 193 cases and 193 controls with a response rate of 100%. Low birth weight (AOR: 8.94, 95%CI: 4.08, 19.56), born at health centers (AOR: 7.36, 95% CI: 2.44, 22.13), instrumental delivery (AOR: 3.03, 95%CI: 1.41, 6.49), and prolonged labor (AOR: 2.00, 95%CI: 1.20, 3.36) were significant determinants of birth asphyxia. Conclusion: Even though most of the identified variables are the common and familiar causes of birth asphyxia, neonates born at health centers were more exposed to birth asphyxia than neonates born in hospitals. This might be due to delay of referral process and lack of skilled professionals in health centers. Further research might be needed to identify the root causes of delays and follow-up issues by adding qualitative component.
EFFECT OF SKIPPING IRRIGATION AT VARIOUS GROWTH STAGES ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SOME FABA BEAN CULTIVARS (Vicia faba L.)

Two field experiments were conducted at Agric. Exp. Res. Sta. , Fac. Agric. , Cairo Univ., during 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 seasons to study the effect of five irrigation treatments (I1; normal irrigation "control" ; I2: skipping the second irrigation ; I3: skipping the third irrigation; I4: skipping the fourth irrigation and I5: skipping the fifth irrigation) on yield and seed quality of three cultivars of faba bean (Giza 3, Nubaria 1 and Sakha 3 ). A spilt plot design in a randomized complete blocks arrangement with three replications was used to conduct all trials. Irrigation treatments were randomly assigned for main plots while, faba bean cultivars were randomly arranged for sub plots. Results showed that skipping irrigation at various growth stages had significant effect on all studied traits in both seasons. Skipping the fourth or the fifth irrigation gave the greatest reduction in all yield traits except, seed protein content which increased in both seasons compared with other irrigation treatments. Regarding faba bean cultivars, differences among the three faba bean cultivars were significant except, number of pods plant -1 , pods weight -1 , number of seeds pod -1 and harvest index (%) in both seasons. Giza 3 cultivar gave the highest values all yield traits and seed protein content (%) followed by Nubaria 1. However, Sakha 3 cultivar gave the lowest value of all yield traits and seed protein content (%) in both seasons. For interaction between irrigation regime and faba bean cultivars, all faba bean cultivars were affected by skipping irrigation in both seasons. Giza 3 cultivars was more tolerant to skipping irrigation followed by Nubaria 1 however, Sakha 3 was more sensitive to drought stress.
Elemental determination of austenitic stainless steel alloy used as biomaterial by neutron activation analysis

Austenitic stainless steel alloys, mainly those produced according to ISO 5832-1, have received much attention due to their promising characteristics to be used as biomaterials. The aim of this study was to establish the proper conditions of neutron activation analysis (NAA) in order to determine chemical elements in a sample of ISO 5832-1 stainless steel. These determinations are of great interest for further evaluation of its corrosion resistance and of cytotoxicity of corrosion products. For the analyses, chips of ISO 5832-1 austenitic stainless steel were obtained. Aliquots of this material were weighed in polyethylene involucres and irradiated together with synthetic element standards at the IEA-R1 nuclear research reactor. Short and long irradiations were carried out using thermal neutron flux of about 4.5 x 10 12 n cm -2 s -1 . Quality control of the results was performed by analyzing two certified reference materials (CRMs). The elements concentrations of Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo and Ni obtained in the ISO 5832-1 austenitic alloy are within the specification values of this material. Besides, the elements As, Co, V and W were determined in this alloy. The sensitivity of the technique was verified by the determination of detection and quantification limits. In the case of CRMs, their results presented precision and accuracy for most of elements with relative standard deviations and relative errors lower than 15 %. Results obtained in this study demonstrated the viability of applying NAA in the analysis of the ISO 5832-1 stainless steel alloy.
Dietary supplement use

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Does Accounting Conservatism Vary Over the Credit Cycle?

We examine the effect of credit booms on lenders’ demand for accounting conservatism. Using data from 1999 – 2009, we document a significant reduction in firms’ accounting conservatism as well as a reduction in the use of debt covenants during the 2004 – 2007 credit boom, and these reductions are more pronounced in bank-dependent and high-default-risk firms. We also find that for non-bank-dependent firms, the reduction in accounting conservatism is concentrated in firms with a B rating. Our results are robust to using alternative measures of credit cycles and accounting conservatism. We conclude that credit booms have a significant impact on lenders’ demand for conservative reporting by borrowers. JEL: E32, E44, G21, G23, G30, M41
Determinants of public preferences for Hawassa Amora-Gedel recreational park, Southern Ethiopia

This study investigates the economic value of Hawassa Amora-Gedel recreational park and determines the factors that affect the public’s willingness to pay for the quality improvement of the recreational park. A contingent valuation method was applied to measure public willingness to pay (WTP) for the quality improved recreational park. Based on random sampling technique, 390 visitors were selected to determine people’s preferences on the park improvement. The Heckman selection model was used to analyze the factors affecting people’s participation in the park improvement and the valuation of the quality improved recreational park. The analysis of the determinants of WTP shows that education, duration of the park users in the watershed, income, urban residents and multiple uses of the recreational park influence the park improvement positively. The valuation of the recreational park in terms of entrance fee shows that visitors are willing to pay Birr 25.77 (US$1.43) per person when the quality of the recreational park is improved, which is five times higher than the current charge for a single visitor on the status quo. Key words: Contingent valuation method, Heckman selection model, recreational park, willingness to pay.
Mechanism of Suppression of Vasopressin during Alpha-Adrenergic Stimulation with Norepinephrine

to equal the amount of the catecholamine reaching the cerebral circulation with intravenous norepinephrine. The urinary osmolality (Uosm) was not significantly altered with intracarotid norepinephrine (932 to 959 mosmol/kg H20. The possibility was also examined that changes in autonomic neural tone from arterial baroreceptors is responsible for suppression of ADHrelease with intravenous norepinephrine. In sham-operated animals intravenous norepinephrine diminished Uosm from 1,034 to 205 mosmol/kg H20 (P < 0.001) whereas in animals with denervated arterial baroreceptors intravenous norepinephrine was not associated with a significant alteration in Uosm (1,233 to 1,232 mosmol/kg) H20. These different effects on urinary osmolality occurred in the absence of differences in plasma osmolality and volume status. The results therefore indicate that norepinephrine primarily suppresses ADHrelease by altering autonomic baroreceptor tone rather than by a diReceived for publication 9 July 1973 and in revised form 29 August 1973. rect central or pressor effect of the catecholamine. This same mechanism may be the primary pathway for other nonosmotic influences on ADHrelease.
TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN LOW-COST HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION

Abstract. The use of photogrammetry in 3D heritage documentation has matured over the recent years. In the same time, many types of sensors have also been developed in the field of imaging. While photogrammetry is considered as a low-cost alternative to TLS, several options exist in terms of sensor type with trade-offs between price, ease of use, and quality of resolution. Nevertheless, a proper knowledge on the acquisition and processing is still required to generate acceptable results. This paper aims to compare three photogrammetric sensors, namely a classical DSLR camera, a drone, and a spherical 360° camera in documenting heritage sites. Main comparison points include quality of the bundle adjustment and quality of the dense point cloud. However, an important point of the paper is also to determine whether a sensor at a given cost and effort is enough for documentation purposes. A TLS point cloud data was used as a common reference, as well as control and check points issued from geodetic surveying. In the aftermath of the comparison, several technical suggestions and recommendations were proposed as regards to the use of each sensor.
Regional Well-to-Wheel Carbon, Energy, and Water Footprint Analysis of Electric Vehicles

Adoption of alternative vehicle technologies such as electric vehicles (EVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have the potential of reducing some of the environmental impacts and reducing oil-dependency of the U.S transportation sector. However, this potential depends on the regional driving patterns and the source of the electricity generation to power PHEVs and EVs. In this study, state-specific electricity generation mix scenarios and driving patterns in Alabama, Florida, and Hawaii are considered to calculate regional impacts associated with alternative vehicle technologies (HEVs, PHEVs, EVs) compared to internal combustion vehicles (ICVs). Three electricity generation mix scenario are evaluated, which are namely; average electricity generation mix, marginal electricity generation mix, and 100% solar electricity generation mix. Well-to-wheel carbon, energy, and water footprint of these vehicles are quantified for each state and potential environmental reductions are evaluated. According to comparative evaluation for the proposed scenarios, shifting to low carbon, energy, and water intensive electricity generation mix by utilization of solar energy is crucial to achieve environmental friendly transportation in the U.S.
Latest Oligocene to earliest Pliocene deep-sea benthic foraminifera from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 752, 1168 and 1139, southern Indian Ocean

Abstract. Deep-sea benthic foraminifera provide important markers of environmental conditions in the deep-ocean basins where their assemblage composition and test chemistry are influenced by ambient physical and chemical conditions in bottom-water masses. However, all foraminiferal studies must be underpinned by robust taxonomic approaches. Although many parts of the world's oceans have been examined, over a range of geological timescales, the Neogene benthic foraminifera from the southern Indian Ocean have only been recorded from a few isolated sites. In this study, we have examined 97 samples from Neogene sediments recovered from three ODP sites in the southern Indian Ocean (Sites 752, Broken Ridge; 1139, Kerguelan Plateau; 1168, west Tasmania). These data cover a range of palaeolatitudes and water depths during the Miocene. More than 200 species of benthic foraminifera were recorded at each site and, despite their geographic and bathymetric separation, the most abundant taxa were similar at all three sites. Many of these species range from late Oligocene to early Pliocene demonstrating relatively little faunal turnover of the most abundant taxa during the key palaeoclimatic shifts of the Miocene. We illustrate and document the occurrence of the 52 most abundant species (i.e. those with >1 % abundance) encountered across the three study sites.
Complications in hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery : Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach

The aim of this thesis was to contribute to improved surgical outcomes for patients undergoing hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery in a cross-disciplinary manner. In part 1 of this thesis, we assessed treatment options of bile duct injury. Outcomes of a percutaneous-endoscopic rendezvous procedure were assessed, demonstrating a technical success rate of 94% and a long-term success rate of 55%. Furthermore, the optimal timing of surgical reconstruction for BDI is discussed, as well as the long-term impact of BDI and treatment of anastomotic strictures. In part 2 of this thesis we aimed to weigh risks and benefits of several surgical procedures on the biliary tract. Outcomes of a choledochoduodenostomy were compared to outcomes of a hepaticojejunostomy in a matched case-control analysis, demonstrating a higher incidence of anastomotic strictures following hepaticojejunostomy. In a multicenter retrospective analysis of patients undergoing resection of a choledochoduodenostomy, the incidence of biliary malignancies was 11%. In a retrospective analysis of patients with a “mid-bile duct cholangiocarcinoma” we found that local resection resulted in less morbidity and comparable survival compared to a pancreatoduodenectomy. The third part of this thesis described the development of a program in which relatives of patients undergoing major abdominal surgery were actively involved in postoperative care of their loved ones, with a focus on care activities that have the potential to reduce the risk of certain complications. We found that this program was feasible and positively appreciated by patients, relatives, nurses and doctors. Patients participating in the program mobilized more and showed more adherence to breathing exercises, oral hygiene and cognitive activities. These results are promising and give rise to a larger study assessing the effect of this program on patient outcomes.
Design and construction of fixed dome digester for biogas production using cow dung and water hyacinth

Engineered biological systems used for resource recovery often utilize anaerobic digestion to treat organic wastes by reclaiming the carbon as energy (methane gas) and a soil amendment (biosolids). This study explored the production of biogas from co-digestion of cow dung waste and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) using anaerobic biological conversion. Cow dung and water hyacinth biomass feedstock were collected from Abattoir and Ologbo River in Benin City, Nigeria. Samples were blended and substrate mixed in ratio 10:1 v/v due to balanced carbon/nitrogen (C: N) ratio of plant biomass and cattle rumen manure and charged into the fixed dome. Performance test was carried out after the biogas had been produced after twenty-one (21) days. The percentage composition of biogas produced shows that methane gas (CH4) has 56.4%, carbon-dioxide (CO2) is 35% and nitrogen (N2) is 6.9%. Optimal production was found to be a function of temperature, hydraulic retention time, pH, concentration of bacterial population and overall design consideration of the digester. Scrubbers were fitted to rid the gas of hydrogen sulphide (H2S), CO2, ammonia (NH3) and moisture. The gas was directed through a gas pipe to a burner for cooking in the staff canteen. This study is relevant for the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and strengthening of the bio-based economy with respect to waste management. This can facilitate environmental and socio-economic sustainability leading to reduced carbon foot print and reduction in solid waste accumulation. Key words: Cow dung, water hyacinth, bio-digester, biogas.