Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of different pasteurizers on the nutritional quality of raw milk samples

The difference and changes in the nutritional components (Protein, fat an calcium) of local and exotic cow breeds (White Fulani, New Jersey and Mixture of the two breeds) were investigated before and after pasteurization of milk samples from the breeds in aluminium, stainless and galvanized steel pasteurizers that was designed and fabricated, at temperature-time combinations of 61 0 C for 30minutes, 66 0 C for 15minutes and 71 0 C for 15seconds as well as at an unquantified temperature. Chemical test carried out on the milk samples before and after pasteurization showed significant variation in protein, fat and calcium content ( p <0.05) after pasteurization. The protein contents in the unpasteurized samples were 3.65%, 3.49% and 3.62% for White Fulani, New Jersey and heir mixtures respectively. These values decrease to 3.64% in White Fulani but increased to a range of 3.50%-3.64% in New Jersey and the mixture after pasteurization. The values of fat content obtained in the same order were 2.95, 2.85 and 2.85 % while those of calcium were 1227.70, 1117.30 and 1107.70 mg/Kg. Calcium values decreased significantly ( p <0.05) with increase in temperature in White Fulani to a least value of 11140 mg/Kg at 71 0 C while it increased significantly as well to a value range of 1120.70 to 1134 mg/Kg in New Jersey and to a value range of 1110.30 to 1140.00 mg/Kg in the mixture at varying temperatures and material. This evaluation shows that the local breed has better nutritional composition than the foreign breed but the mixture of milk of the two breeds is a promising idea that should be further exploited. K ey w o r d s: Pasteurizers, Nutritional, Exotic breed, Raw milk, Calcium, Protein
Acetylcholine receptor «-subunit deletion causes muscle weakness and atrophy in juvenile and adult mice (synapseyhomologous recombinationyend plate channelymuscle development)

In mammalian muscle a postnatal switch in functional properties of neuromuscular transmission occurs when miniature end plate currents become shorter and the conductance and Ca 21 permeability of end plate channels increases. These changes are due to replacement during early neonatal development of the g-subunit of the fetal acetylcho- line receptor (AChR) by the «-subunit. The long-term func- tional consequences of this switch for neuromuscular trans- mission and motor behavior of the animal remained elusive. We report that deletion of the «-subunit gene caused in homozygous mutant mice the persistence of g-subunit gene expression in juvenile and adult animals. Neuromuscular transmission in these animals is based on fetal type AChRs present in the end plate at reduced density. Impaired neuro- muscular transmission, progressive muscle weakness, and atrophycausedprematuredeath2to3monthsafterbirth.The resultsdemonstratethatpostnatalincorporationintotheend plate of «-subunit containing AChRs is essential for normal development of skeletal muscle.
Distribution of arsenic compounds in Plantaginaceae and Cyperaceae plants growing in contaminated soil

ABSTRACT The ability of plant species to accumulate arsenic (As) species in the biomass from As-contaminated soils is variable. Among the plants widely grown at the As-contaminated locations, Plantaginaceae and Cyperaceae families belong to the frequent ones. In this study, the ability of Plantago lanceolata (Plantaginaceae) and three wetland plant species representing the family Cyperaceae (Carex praecox, Carex vesicaria, and Scirpus sylvaticus) naturally occurring in the soils with an elevated As in the Czech Republic were investigated. The plants were cultivated under controlled conditions in an As-contaminated soil reaching 735 mg kg−1 of the total As. The total As in plants reached up to 8.3 mg kg−1 in leaves, and up to 155 mg kg−1 in roots of C. praecox. Dominant As compounds were arsenite and arsenate with a small abundance of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) in all the plant species. In Cyperaceae, small percentages of arsenobetaine (AB) and arsenocholine (AC) were detected, suggesting the ability of these plants to transform As into less toxic compounds. Moreover, the important role of As(V) sequestration on iron plaque on the root surface of Cyperaceae was confirmed. In this context, root washing with oxalic acid partially disrupted the iron plaque for the better release of arsenate.
An investigation into the roles of p53, Nodal/ Activin and fibroblast growth factor signalling in early heart development

The work presented in this thesis is an investigation into the roles of p53, Nodal/ Activin and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling in early heart development in the model organism Xenopus laevis. The first step of heart development is the specification of cardiac tissue. However, the timing of cardiac specification and the signals which control it are largely unknown. The Nodal/ Activin and FGF signalling pathways have been implicated in cardiac specification but there is little evidence demonstrating a direct role for these pathways. Using soluble molecular inhibitors of the Nodal/ Activin and FGF signalling pathways at different stages of development, the effects of time-controlled inhibition on cardiac progenitor cells and differentiated cardiac tissue were observed. Nodal/ Activin signalling was found to be required for cardiac specification during a 2-3 hour time window following midblastula transition. It was shown that FGF signalling is not required prior to gastrulation for cardiac specification, but is required later for normal heart development. It was hypothesised that p53 may be involved in cardiac specification by mediating crosstalk between the Nodal/ Activin and FGF signalling pathways, in a similar manner to its previously suggested role in mesoderm induction. Using a combination of p53 antisense morpholino oligonucleotides and a dominant negative p53 protein, the effects of p53 downregulation on cardiac progenitor cells and differentiated cardiac tissue were examined. A novel role for p53 in early heart development was found. These findings contribute to an understanding of how p53, Nodal/ Activin and FGF signalling orchestrate numerous developmental events in the early embryo. This knowledge will be useful to advance our understanding of congenital heart diseases and for the development of improved directed differentiation protocols for cardiac regenerative medicine.
Alarm, aggregation, and defense by Reticulitermes flavipes in response to a naturally occurring isolate of Metarhizium anisopliae

Avirulent strain (pathotype) of the entomogenous fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sokorin, causing green muscardine disease in insects, was isolated from the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar. Studies carried out with this fungal strain on behavioral responses to conidia-dusted termites showed alarm, aggregation and defensive reactions by untreated termites. The alarm response consisted of rapid bursts of longitudinal oscillatory movement (LOM) by workers. The intensity of alarm peaked about 15 minutes after introduction of the conidia-dusted termites, at which time 50% of the termites in test groups were engaged in the behavior and 80% were aggregated near the treated individual. Alarm and aggregation significantly subsided after 24 minutes and gradually diminished, apparently due to habituation. Alarm and aggregation were then followed by grooming, biting, defecation, and burial of the infected termite. A significantly greater alarm response was observed to M. anisopliae-dusted termites than to termites dusted with other fungal conidia or inorganic agents. These observations suggest that circumvention of behavioral defenses may be necessary in order to further develop effective microbial control of termites with M. anisopliae. Such defensive behavior may be circumvented in several ways, such as by masking the repellency of M. anisopliae, by overcoming the repellency with attractants, by reducing dosage levels below alarm thresholds, or by selection of strains that are less detectable. While the repellency of M. anisopliae appears to inhibit its pathogenicity in termite colonies, it may be exploitable in the development of termite repellent product additives and barriers.
Germination Response of Weed Seeds to Soil Nitrate and Ammonium With and Without Simulated Overwintering

Moist-chilled and freshly harvested seeds of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and yellow foxtail [Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. ] were tested for germination responses to soil ammonium and nitrate. A controlled environment was used to simulate overwintering and germination conditions in the field. The results suggest that no alteration of weed germination behavior should be expected in the crop ecosystems studied if ammonium plus nitrification inhibitor replaces other fertilizer systems which result in substantial levels of nitrate in the soil solution. The only germination effect was one of nitrate on unchilled foxtail. Chilling lowered catalase activity in both species.
Plant populations and row widths for diploid sugar-beet cultivars

This work aimed to establish whether a change from triploid to diploid cultivars would require any adjustment of the conventional plant populations and row widths used in sugar-beet production. In five trials, the diploid cultivar Celt was sown at three row widths: 51, 56 and 61 cm. At each width, seed spacings were adjusted so that four seed counts, between 50000 and 113000 seeds / ha, were sown. In four of these trials, plant establishment was 78 to 90% and yield (root, sugar) and sugar concentration were not significantly affected by the plant population density achieved. In one trial, where plant establishment was 58%, yield and sugar concentration continued to increase up to the highest plant density of 65 000 plants / ha. There were no yield or quality differences between 51-cm and 56-cm rows. On average, there was a reduction of 3.5% in extractable sugar yield with 61-cm rows; this was highly significant in one experiment. These results suggest that no change is required to the target plant populations used in Ireland. For those currently using 61-cm rows, a small yield increase may be achieved by reducing row width.
COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON ACHENE OF SOME TAXA OF ASTERACEAE

Morphological structure and different characters of achene is most important from the taxonomic point of view. In present study achene shape, colour, size, texture and pappus type were recorded for 20 taxa of Asteraceae by using light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Examination of pappus by SEM recorded 6 groups; (1- Scarbous barbellate fine bristles and scarbous barbellate bristles, 2- Scarbous subulate scales free, 3- Scarious scales, 4- Paleaceous scales corona, 5- Plumose bristles and 6- Capillary barbellate). Also eight patterns were recognized based on surface sculpturing pattern: reticulate, with two subtypes, tuberculate, sulcate, puncticulate, colliculate, aculeate, lineate and striate. The data proved useful in the construction of a dichotomous indented key to the studied taxa. Twenty-two characters with 85 characters stats were used to generate anatomical key using the DELTA key-generating programs.
Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Acalypha wilkesianaleaves growing in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Acalypha wilkesiana leaves growing in Vom, Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria was carried out to verify claims by the locals of its medicinal properties. We tested the extract for activity against Staphylococcus aureus (G+), Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella aerogenes (G-). The extract exhibited activity against the organisms in varying degrees. In the agar diffusion test, Y. enterocolitica showed the highest zone of inhibition (18 mm) at the highest concentration of extract tested (20 mg/mL) while E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhi, P. aeruginosa and K. aerogenes showed zones of inhibition of 17, 16, 15, 14 and 16 mm respectively. At extract concentration of 2.5 mg/mL, Y. enterocolitica and P. aeruginosa did not show any zones of inhibition while E.coli, S. aureus, S. typhi, and K. aerogenes showed zones of inhibition of 7, 6, 6 and 7 mm respectively. Below extract concentration of 2.5 mg/mL, there was no zone of inhibition observed with any organism. The MIC of the extract against the organisms was 5 mg/mL except on S. aureus where the MIC was 2.5 mg/mL. The MBC of the extract was 10 mg/mL against Y. enterocolitica, S. typhi, P. aeruginosa and K. aerogenes, 5 mg/mL against E. coli and S. aureus. Preliminary phytochemical testing revealed the presence of tannins, steroids, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides while saponins, alkaloids and anthraquinones were not present. The result gives scientific backing to the use of the leaves by the local people in the treatment of conditions usually associated with the organisms tested.
EXPLORATION EFFECTS OF HANDWRITING ON CHILDREN’S WRITING PROGRESS

Jakhongir Shaturaev, Jalolova Iroda, Istamova Gulnoza and Rakhimova Madina Tashkent State University of Economics. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History Received: 10 July 2020 Final Accepted: 14 August 2020 Published: September 2020
Yield attributes and nutrient uptake of rice (Oryza sativa) as influenced by different crop establishment methods

A field experiment was conducted in clay loam soils of Jagtial, Telangana State during rainy season of 2015 to study the performance of rice under different establishment methods. The experiment was laid down in randomized block design with three replications. Eleven treatments were taken viz. dry or wet seeding with drum seeder at three row spacing i.e, 20, 25 and 30 cm, broadcasting of dry or sprouted seed in puddled soil, transplanting, SRI and MSRI methods. The yield attributes viz. panicles m, spikelets panicle and percent filled grains were found to be high in MSRI method with less chaffyness of grains. The grain and straw yield was higher in MSRI method followed by SRI which was 31.5 and 23.4% higher than that in transplanting method, respectively. Drum seeding at 30 cm spacing with wet seed or dry seed registered an increase of 22.1 and 17.8% in yield over conventional transplanting method, respectively. The SPAD meter reading, test weight and harvest index were not influenced by different establishment methods. The nutrient (NPK) uptake was higher in MSRI method followed by SRI method which were superior to transplanting method.
Virus Inactivation on Clay Particles in Natural Waters

Within recent years a great deal of information has been obtained on viral diseases and their causative agents. Research efforts during the past decade have resulted in the discovery of nearly 100 different enteric viruses, all of which were found to exist in sew age originating from an infected in dividual (1). Additional research has revealed that wastewater treatment processes do not remove completely or inactivate viruses and that they are therefore discharged to streams (2). The behavior of these virus particles in natural water systems has thus pre sented itself as a subject for still further research effort. Clark et al. (3) have investigated the survival times of various viruses and bacteria in river water and in wastewater. Their data, which substantiated earlier observations (4) (5), showed that four different viruses were able to survive longer in "clean" Little Miami River water and raw wastewater than in moderately polluted Ohio River water. The fact that a water which was rela tively free from microorganisms and nutritive material gave the longest virus survival seemed to indicate that
Evaluation of seed guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) cultivars for growth and growth attributing characters

The experiment was conducted at the “Student Research Farm”, College of Horticulture, Dr. Y.S. R. Horticultural University, Mojerla, Mahabubnagar, Telangna state during kharif, 2014 in a Completely Randomized Block Design with three replications and fifteen cultivars of seed guar. The results revealed that the analysis of variance indicated highly significant differences for all the growth characters among all cultivars. Among the cultivars studied RGC 936, RGC 963, JG-2 recorded maximum percentage of germination. RGC 936, RGC963, HG 884 recorded maximum number of primary branches. RGC 936 recorded maximum number of leaves per plant while RGC 1002, RGC 1066, HG 365 were found to be early in terms of days to first flowering and RGC 936, RGC 1066 were early in the terms of days to 50% flowering. RGC 963 produced the maximum number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant. The cultivar RGC 197 produced the maximum plant height at harvest, number of pods per cluster. Among the cultivars JG-2 recorded maximum pod length and HG 365 recorded maximum pod girth. Hence these cultivars may be further tested in different locations for their stable performance and thereafter may be selected as parental source for future breeding programmes.
Factors That Influence Capital Structure With Profitability as A Moderating Variable

Article History: Received May 20, 2019 Accepted Jne 30, 2020 Available July 30, 2020 This study aims to determine the effect of business risk, Fixed Asset Ratio (FAR), and Time Interest Earned (TIE) on capital structure with profitability as a moderating variable. The main theories in this research are trade off theory and signal theory. The population in this study were 155 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2017. The sample selection used a purposive sampling technique and selected 90 companies with 235 units of analysis. The analysis techniques used descriptive statistical analysis, inferential analysis, and moderated regression analysis (MRA) which processed through IBM SPSS 23. The results show that business risk and time interest earned have a significant negative effect on capital structure while fixed asset ratio has a significant positive effect on capital structure. Profitability is able to moderate the effect of fixed asset ratios on capital structure but is not able to moderate the influence of business risk and time interest earned on capital structure. The conclusion of the study is that business risk has a negative effect significant to the capital structure and fixed asset ratio have significant positive effects on capital structure. This can be used as the basis that companies must be careful when raising external funds because it can affect the efficiency and profitability of the company.
Survey on Performance Analysis of AODV, DSR and DSDV in MANET

Routing is a crucial issue in MANET due to the absence of fixed infrastructure and centralized administration. Many routing protocols like Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) have been proposed to find the optimized path from source node to destination nodes. This paper analyzed the performance of AODV, DSR and DSDV on the basis of sent packets, received packets and Quality of Service (QoS) metrics like throughput, end to end delay, packet delivery ratio, packet loss ratio with varying network load and network size. Index Terms : AODV, DSR, DSDV, QoS, Routing Protocols. DOI: 10.7176/CEIS/11-3-03 Publication date: May 31 st 2020
Yield and microbial population of kharif maize as affected by in-situ incorporation green manures

A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla, to study the effect of in-situ incorporation of dhaincha, sunnhemp and pillipesara green manure at 60, 45 and 30 DAS. Highest biomass production was recorded from 60 days aged dhaincha. There was a significant increase in microbial population when different green manures were incorporated and age of incorporation of green manures also had significant effect on microbial population per gram of soil as well as their interaction. Age of incorporation of green manure only had exerted significant differences in grain yield. Maximum grain yield was recorded when incorporated at 60 days (7871 kg/ha) which was significantly superior to 45 days (7030 kg/ha) and 30 day (6611 kg/ha) incorporation of green manures. The percentage increase in grain and stover yields due to 60, 45 and 30 days age of incorporation over control was 36.6%, 22.0%, 14.8 % and 22.7%, 15.5%, 10.8% respectively. Similarly a significant increase in organic carbon content was observed due to age of incorporation of green manures.
Real time analysis of ATP in vivo using a microdialysis and bioluminescent probe

Here we report the development of a new immunobilized luminescent enzyme method for ATP determination. Instead to develop intracorporeal biosensor we choose an ex vivo extracorporeal method based on the use of microdialysis device connected with a bioluminescent continuous flow sensor to analyze ATP content in the rat brain
Influence of progesterone ear implant on behavior, physiological parameters, and carcass injuries of Nellore females reared in an intensive system

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of a synthetic progesterone ear implant on the behavior, physiological responses, and number of carcass injuries of Nellore females. Twenty-eight Nellore heifers with an average initial weight of 240.89 kg were used in the experiment. All animals received the same dietary management, in an intensive rearing system with mineral salt and water ad libitum. Heifers were distributed in a completely randomized design with two treatments (with and without progesterone ear implant) and seven replications, in 14 stalls. Analyses of variance and correlation were performed. In the evaluation of the feeding, rumination, rest, sleeping, social, and body-care behaviors, no significant differences were observed. The use of ear implant did not change weight gain or the number of injuries on the carcass of Nellore females. There was a greater incidence of anomalous behavior for the animals without the implant. Other behaviors were not affected by the hormone. As regards the physiological responses, only respiratory frequency was influenced by the implant. The behavior and performance of heifers are not influenced by progesterone ear implant.