Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uniformly second-order-accurate essentially nonoscillatory schemes for the Euler equations

Two time-level explicit and implicit finite-difference shock-capturin g schemes based on the characteristic flux difference splitting method and the modified flux approach with the essentially nonoscillatory (ENO) property of Harten and Osher have been developed for the two-dimensional Euler equations. The methods are conservative, uniformly second-order accurate in time and space, even at local extrema. General coordinate systems are used to treat complex geometries. Standard alternating direction implicit approximate factorization is used for constructing implicit schemes. Numerical results have been obtained for unsteady shock wave reflection around general two-dimensional blunt bodies and for steady transonic flows over a circular arc bump in a channel. Properties of ENO schemes as applied to two-dimensional flows with multiple embedded discontinuities are discussed. Comparisons of the performance between the present ENO schemes and our previous total variation diminishing schemes is also included.
High Frequency Pulsed Injection into a Supersonic Duct Flow

A study is presented of the effect of pulsation (100% modulation) of a sonic jet of helium into a supersonic (ducted) crossflow on its mixing. An injector was developed to provide a high-speed high-frequency (up to 13 kHz) pulsed jet. The injector nozzle is formed between fixed internal passages and a three- or four-sided wheel embedded within the device that rotates due to the flow in the nozzle. For a given geometry the pulsation frequency is repeatable, constant above a certain pressure ratio, and scales with the speed of sound of the gas. The pulsed jet in the crossflow was visualized in a side view by schlieren photography. The plume of injected helium was visualized in a cross section, 69 effective jet diameters downstream of injection, by seeding the helium with a small amount of ethanol, which condensed as tiny particles and illuminated with a laser light sheet. Results indicate a modest reduction in mean plume cross-sectional size (and, therefore, reduction of mixing) with pulsation and an increa.
Blue and red electroluminescence of silicon-rich oxide light emitting capacitors

Electroluminescent properties of thin silicon-rich oxide (SRO) films deposited by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) were studied. The gas flow ratio Ro = N2O/SiH4 was changed to obtain different silicon concentrations within the SRO films. After deposition, SRO films were thermally annealed at 1100ºC for 3h in N2 atmosphere in order to create silicon nanoparticles (Si-nps). Simple capacitive structures like Polysilicon/SRO/n-Si were used for the study. These light emitting capacitors (LECs) show intense blue (~466) and red EL (~685) at room temperature depending on the silicon excess within the SRO films. Electroluminescence in these LECs is obtained at direct current (DC) at both forward and reverse bias conditions. Nevertheless, a stronger whole area EL is obtained when devices are forwardly biased.
Subfields of algebraically maximal Kaplansky fields

Abstract Using the ramification theory of tame and Kaplansky fields, we show that maximal Kaplansky fields contain maximal immediate extensions of each of their subfields. Likewise, algebraically maximal Kaplansky fields contain maximal immediate algebraic extensions of each of their subfields. This study is inspired by problems that appear in henselian valued fields of rank higher than 1 when a Hensel root of a polynomial is approximated by the elements generated by a (transfinite) Newton algorithm. The main result of this article has been applied in the theory of separated (also called vector space defectless) extensions of valued fields.
Behavior of Calcium Phosphate–Chitosan–Collagen Composite Coating on AISI 304 for Orthopedic Applications

Calcium phosphate/chitosan/collagen composite coating on AISI 304 stainless steel was investigated. Coatings were realized by galvanic coupling that occurs without an external power supply because it begins with the coupling between two metals with different standard electrochemical potentials. The process consists of the co-deposition of the three components with the calcium phosphate crystals incorporated into the polymeric composite of chitosan and collagen. Physical-chemical characterizations of the samples were executed to evaluate morphology and chemical composition. Morphological analyses have shown that the surface of the stainless steel is covered by the deposit, which has a very rough surface. XRD, Raman, and FTIR characterizations highlighted the presence of both calcium phosphate compounds and polymers. The coatings undergo a profound variation after aging in simulated body fluid, both in terms of composition and structure. The tests, carried out in simulated body fluid to scrutinize the corrosion resistance, have shown the protective behavior of the coating. In particular, the corrosion potential moved toward higher values with respect to uncoated steel, while the corrosion current density decreased. This good behavior was further confirmed by the very low quantification of the metal ions (practically absent) released in simulated body fluid during aging. Cytotoxicity tests using a pre-osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 cell line were also performed that attest the biocompatibility of the coating.
Wake-Structure Formation of a Heaving Two-Dimensional Elliptic Airfoil

This paper is prompted by a recent numerical study that shows that for a two-dimensional (2-D) elliptic airfoil undergoing prescribed heaving motion in a viscous fluid, both leading-edge vortices and trailing-edge vortices contributed to the formation of the wake structures. However, an earlier dye-visualization study on a heaving NACA 0012 airfoil appears to show that the wake structures were derived from trailing-edge vortices only. The dissimilarity in the two studies remains unclear because there is no corresponding experimental data on a 2-D heaving elliptic airfoil. In this study, digital particle image velocimetry technique was used to investigate the wake-structure formation of a 2-D elliptic airfoil undergoing simple harmonic heaving motion. For the range of flow conditions investigated here, our results show that the type of wake structures produced is controlled by when and how the leading-edge vortices interact with the trailing-edge vortices
On the coefficients of Bazilevič functions

ABSTRACT. Let B (a) denote the class of normalized (f(O) =0, f'(O) = 1) Bazilevi6 functions of type a defined in A: I z j O in A and a>>O. Let Bm(xa) denote the subclass of B (a) which is m-fold symmetric (f (e2rim-z) = e2rilmf(z), m = 1, 2, * * *) Functions in B(a) have been shown to be univalent. The authors obtain sharp coefficient inequalities for functions in Bm (IIN) where N is a positive integer. In addition an example of a Bazilevic function which is not close-to-convex is given.
Air–water flow in a plain stilling basin below smooth and stepped chutes

In recent decades, stepped chutes followed by a stilling basin became a standard for spillways of dams. The comprehensive knowledge of stepped chute approach flows on internal air–water flow properties of the hydraulic jump is still too limited for an appropriate design of stilling basins. Therefore, an experimental campaign was performed on a large-scale physical model of a plain stilling basin preceded by a 30° sloping smooth or stepped chute. Stepped chute approach flows induce lower deaeration rates along the jump roller as compared to smooth chute approach flows, indicating longer dimensionless jump lengths, normalized by the tailwater depth. Pronounced bottom air concentrations were observed within the first 40% of the jump length in the stilling basin downstream of the stepped chute. Thus, despite the significantly higher pressure fluctuations, this zone seems better protected against cavitation damage than in stilling basins following a smooth chute.
Semi-Г Type Single Phase Differential Boost Inverter With High Voltage Gain

The conventional differential boost inverters have limited voltage gain due to the inductor’s parasitic resistance, which limits the output voltage ranges as the duty cycle approaches unity and causes a narrow input voltage range. Moreover, it is also vulnerable to shoot-through problems and a dc-offset problem that leads to high voltage stress across capacitors. The proposed two winding magnetically coupled semi <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol{\Gamma }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-type structures produce high voltage boosting with decreasing turns ratio (1 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf { < } {K}~\mathbf { < }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 2). The modified PWM scheme is implemented to operate the proposed inverter to overcome the dc-offset problem in output capacitors, which further reduces the voltage stress on the system. Furthermore, provides step-up sinusoidal output voltage/current without LC-filter, dead time, and shoot-through operation. The designed prototype is analyzed for Silicon and silicon carbide (SiC) switch using PSIM thermal module. The features of the proposed inverter are comprehensively compared with state-of-the-art topologies. Finally, the simulation and experimental findings verify the proposed topology.
Characterization of Hilbert functions of Gorenstein Artin algebras with the weak Stanley property

We give a characterization of Hilbert functions of Gorenstein Artin algebras with the weak Stanley property. Namely, we prove that a necessary and sufficient condition for a given 0-sequence H to be the Hilbert function of some Gorenstein Artin algebra with the weak Stanley property is that the sequence H is an SI-sequence.
Meteorological Characteristics and Dust Distribution of the Tarim Basin Simulated by the Nesting RAMS/CFORS Dust Model

A nested regional meteorology/dust-transport model was applied to an Asian region including the Taklimakan Desert. A three-grid system with a resolution of 81 km, 27 km and 9 km was designed and model calculation was conducted over the whole period of Apri1 2001 to examine the typical springtime meteorology and some dust episodes over the Taklimakan Desert region. The performance model was examined based on meteorological observation at WMO SYNOP station surrounding the Taklimakan Desert and ADEC special observation site at Qira. The model results reproduced complicated airflows within the Tarim Basin, strong down slope winds from the Tianshan Mountains when meteorological disturbances crosses over the Taklimakan region, and a strong easterly flow from the Hexi Corridor side. Composite analysis when the Tazhong site simulated an easterly wind was conducted and showed that the percentage of the occurrence of this condition was approximately 50% of the full simulation period. The scale of the easterly wind zone is 400 km in the Y direction, 1000 km in the X direction and 2-3 km vertically. Simulated high dust concentration shows a good correlation with this easterly wind zone. The model’s averaged dust concentration fields showed that the surface concentration ratio was approximately 0.6 between the eastern and western side of the Tarim Basin. However, the modeled ratio showed an opposite relation with the SYNOP visibility, thereby indicating that the current high wind type dust emission scheme may be insuflicient to simulate the suspended dust phenomena in the western part of the Tarim Basin.
The genus-minimizing property of algebraic curves

A viable and still unproved conjecture states that, if X is a smooth algebraic surface and C is a smooth algebraic curve in X, then C realizes the smallest possible genus amongst all smoothly embedded 2-manifolds in its homology class. A proof is announced here for this conjecture, for a large class of surfaces X, under the assumption that the normal bundle of C has positive degree
Well-posedness of Multidimensional Diffusion Processes with Weakly Differentiable Coefficients

We investigate well-posedness for martingale solutions of stochastic differential equations, under low regularity assumptions on their coefficients, widely extending some results first obtained by A. Figalli. Our main results are a very general equivalence between different descriptions for multidimensional diffusion processes, such as Fokker-Planck equations and martingale problems, under minimal regularity and integrability assumptions, and new existence and uniqueness results for diffusions having weakly differentiable coefficients, by means of energy estimates and commutator inequalities. Our approach relies upon techniques recently developed, jointly with L. Ambrosio, to address well-posedness for ordinary differential equations in metric measure spaces: in particular, we employ in a systematic way new representations and inequalities for commutators between smoothing operators and diffusion generators.
Sphere systems, standard form, and cores of products of trees

We introduce the concept of a standard form for two embedded maximal sphere systems in the doubled handlebody, and we prove an existence and uniqueness result. In particular, we show that pairs of maximal sphere systems in the doubled handlebody (up to homeomorphism) bijectively correspond to square complexes satisfying a set of properties. This work is a variant on Hatcher's normal form.
Effects of Wet and Dry Micronization on the GC-MS Identification of the Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Freeze-Dried Spinach Leaves and Stems

Micronization is an emerging technology used in food production, in which the size of particles is reduced to microns in the processing of plant raw materials and by-products, thus making it an interesting research topic. Spinach stems are by-products of spinach leaf processing, but there is little information regarding their processing and possible reuse. In this study, wet and dry ball mill micronization, in combination with freeze drying, was used to process spinach stems and leaves to obtain functional powders. The color and particle size of the micronized spinach leaf and stem powders were evaluated. The antioxidant activity (AA) of the powders and phenolic compounds present in them were determined using GC-MS analysis. The results obtained showed that the dry micronization of leaves and stems resulted in smoother and brighter powders than wet micronization. Significantly smaller particle sizes were achieved using the dry micronization of the leaves and stems (Dv50 = 19.5 and 10.1 µm, respectively) rather than wet micronization (Dv50 = 84.6 and 112.5 µm, respectively). More phenolic compounds, such as o-coumaric acid and gallic acid, were extracted from the dry-micronized powders. The dry micronization of the stems significantly increased the total phenolic content, and the AA of these powders was also increased. These findings demonstrate that spinach leaves and stems subjected to dry micronization can be valuable functional components of food.
On the zero modes of Pauli operators

Two results are proved for nul P A , the dimension of the kernel of the Pauli operator P A = n σ · (cid:16) 1 i ∇ + ~A (cid:17)o 2 in [ L 2 ( R 3 )] 2 : (i) for | ~B | ∈ L 3 / 2 ( R 3 ) , where ~B = curl ~A is the magnetic ﬁeld, nul P tA = 0 except for a ﬁnite number of values of t in any compact subset of (0 , ∞ ); (ii) n ~B : nul P A = 0 , | ~B | ∈ L 3 / 2 ( R 3 ) o contains an open dense subset of [ L 3 / 2 ( R 3 )] 3 .
Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drinks (AmED) Use among University Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

In the last decades, there has been a huge increase in the consumption of both Energy Drinks (EDs) and alcohol and, concurrently, these two trends generated the additional practice of mixing ED with alcohol, known as Alcohol mixed with Energy Drink (AmED). One of the most important group of AmED consumers is represented by young. Indeed, the study population of the researches in this field are mainly represented by college students and the results evidence a great range of negative consequences for health. The purpose of the systematic review was to explore the prevalence of AmED consumption among undergraduate students, together with motivations to their use, adverse effects and health-related behaviors associated to AmEDs use. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA Statement and PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were interrogated. 42 articles, published from 2008 to 2021, were included in the review. An overall prevalence rate of 37% was estimated for AmEDs use in undergraduates, with geographical differences. Although a decrease in consumption was observed throughout the studied period, a continuous monitoring on this phenomenon is needed for identifying those risk groups that could develop risky behaviors related to AmEDs consumption and provide them targeted educational interventions.
Constructing, characterizing, and simulating Gaussian and higher-order point distributions

The deﬁnition and the properties of a Gaussian point distribution, in contrast to the well–known properties of a Gaussian random ﬁeld are discussed. Constraints for the number density and the two–point correlation function arise. A simple method for the simulation of this so–called Gauss– Poisson point process is given and illustrated with an example. The comparison of the distribution of galaxies in the PSCz catalogue with the Gauss–Poisson process underlines the importance of higher–order correlation functions for the description for the galaxy distribution. The construction of the Gauss–Poisson point process is extended to the n –point Poisson cluster process, now incor-porating correlation functions up to the n th–order. The simulation methods and constraints on the correlation functions are discussed for the n –point case and detailed for the three–point case. As another approach, well suited for strongly clustered systems, the generalized halo–model is discussed. The inﬂuence of substructure inside the halos on the two– and three–point correlation functions is calculated in this model.
Averaged null energy condition in spacetimes with boundaries

The averaged null energy condition (ANEC) requires that the average along a complete null geodesic of the projection of the stress-energy tensor onto the geodesic tangent vector can never be negative. It is sufficient to rule out many exotic phenomena in general relativity. Subject to certain conditions, we show that the ANEC can never be violated by a quantized minimally coupled free scalar field along a complete null geodesic surrounded by a tubular neighborhood in which the geometry is flat and whose intrinsic causal structure coincides with that induced from the full spacetime. In particular, the ANEC holds in flat space with boundaries, as in the Casimir effect, for geodesics which stay a finite distance away from the boundary.
On the motivic virtual signed Euler characteristics

For any scheme $M$ with a perfect obstruction theory, Jiang and Thomas associate a scheme $N$ with symmetric perfect obstruction theory. The scheme $N$ is a cone over $M$ given by the dual of the obstruction sheaf of $M$, and contains $M$ as its zero section. Locally $N$ is the critical locus of a regular function. In this short note we prove that $N$ is an oriented $d$-critical scheme in the sense of Joyce, hence there exists a global motive for $N$ locally given by the motive of vanishing cycles of the local regular function. We prove a motivic localization formula under the good and circle compact $\C^*$-action for $N$. When taking Euler characteristic we get the result that the weighted Euler characteristic of $N$ weighted by the Behrend function of $N$ is the signed Euler characteristic of $M$ by motivic method. Such a result was proved before by Jiang-Thomas using purely topological method.
A Sparse Effective Nullstellensatz

We present bounds for the sparseness in the Nullstellensatz. These bounds can give a much sharper characterization than degree bounds of the monomial structure of the polynomials in the Nullstellensatz in case that the input system is sparse. As a consequence we derive a degree bound which can substantially improve the known ones in case of a sparse system.In addition we introduce the notion of algebraic degree associated to a polynomial system of equations. We obtain a new degree bound which is sharper than the known ones when this parameter is small. We also improve the previous effective Nullstellensatze in case the input polynomials are quadratic.Our approach is completely algebraic, and the obtained results are independent of the characteristic of the base field.
Paired Swarm Optimized Relational Vector Learning for FDI Attack Detection in IoT-Aided Smart Grid

IoT-aided smart grid heavily depends on the most innovative communication technologies that could make the grid system susceptible to false data injection attacks (FDIAs). The main objective of the FDI attackers remains in damaging or corrupting the state estimation strategy in the smart grid resulting in blackouts and/or to influence the electricity market. With a number of features involved in the smart grid system, FDIA detection is said to be complicated. By the conventional bad data detection systems, the FDIA detection accuracy and validation made by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were marginally acceptable. However, due to the time complexity and overhead incurred, the detection of FDIA is a hot research topic. In this work, we design an efficient FDIA detection method by coupling cooperative paired swarm optimization and relational vector learning techniques (CPSO-RVL), to address the above-said issues. First, the cooperative paired particle swarm optimization model is proposed to attain an appropriate feature for improving the computational efficiency of FDIA detection. Next, with the obtained significant features, the relational vector learning-based FDIA detection model is designed for robust classification between FDIA and non-FDIA with minimum overhead. The extensive experiments show that the proposed method outperforms existing baseline approaches by 16% and 34% in terms of computation time and computation overhead, respectively.
Fabrication of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Si Heterojunction Solar Cells with High Photovoltaic Performance

The photovoltaic properties of carbon nanotube/Si heterojunction solar cells were investigated using network films of high-quality single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) grown by atmospheric-pressure floating-catalyst chemical vapor deposition. Because of the optimization of the device window size and the utilization of SWNT thin films with both low resistivity and high transparency, a high photovoltaic conversion efficiency of greater than 12% was achieved for SWNT/Si heterojunction solar cells without any postprocessing, such as carrier doping treatment. In addition, the high reproducibility of the photovoltaic performance of these devices in air was demonstrated.