Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unattended Pregnancies and Perinatal Mortality in Georgia

Introduction The majority of pregnant women in Georgia attend the free-of-charge, national antenatal care (ANC) programme, but over 5% of pregnancies in the country are unattended. Moreover, Georgia has one of the highest perinatal mortality (PM) rates in Europe (11.7/1000 births). Purpose To assess the association between unattended pregnancies and the risk of PM. Methods Data were extracted from the Georgian Birth Registry (GBR) and the national vital registration system. All mothers who had singleton births and delivered in medical facilities in Georgia in 2017–2018 were included in the study and categorised into attended pregnancies (at least one ANC visit during pregnancy) and unattended pregnancies (no ANC visits during pregnancy). After exclusions, the study sample included 101,663 women and their newborns, of which 1186 were either stillborn or died within 7 days. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effect of unattended pregnancies on PM. Results During the study period, the PM rate was 12.9/1000 births. In total, 5.6% of women had unattended pregnancies. The odds of PM among women with unattended pregnancies were more than double those among women with attended pregnancies (odds ratio=2.21, [95% confidence interval: 1.81–2.70]). Multiparous women with higher education and who resided/delivered outside of Tbilisi were significantly less likely to experience PM. Conclusion The risk of PM doubled among women with unattended pregnancies. Six percent of PM cases were attributable to unattended pregnancies. Targeting women with previous unattended pregnancies will likely reduce the PM rate in Georgia.
Type I interferon shapes the quantity and quality of the anti‐Zika virus antibody response

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito‐borne flavivirus that re‐emerged in 2015. The association between ZIKV and neurological complications initiated the development of relevant animal models to understand the mechanisms underlying ZIKV‐induced pathologies. Transient inhibition of the type I interferon (IFN) pathway through the use of an IFNAR1‐blocking antibody, MAR1‐5A3, could efficiently permit active virus replication in immunocompetent animals. Type I IFN signalling is involved in the regulation of humoral responses, and thus, it is crucial to investigate the potential effects of type I IFN blockade towards B‐cell responses.
Biomimetic Gold Nanoshell-Loaded Macrophage for Photothermal Biomedicine

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of photothermal treatment (PTT) with gold nanoshell (ANS) using a macrophage-mediated delivery system in a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell line. To achieve this, ANS-loaded rat macrophages (ANS-MAs) were prepared via the coculture method with ANS. The human HNSCC (FaDu cell) and macrophage (rat macrophage; NR8383 cell) hybrid spheroid models were generated by the centrifugation method to determine the possibility of using ANS-MAs as a cancer therapy. These ANS-MAs were set into the tumor and macrophage hybrid spheroid model to measure PTT efficacy. Kinetic analysis of the spheroid growth pattern revealed that this PTT process caused a decreasing pattern in the volume of the hybrid model containing ANS-MAs (p < 0.001). Comparison with empty macrophages showed harmony between ANS and laser irradiation for the generation of PTT. An annexin V/dead cell marker assay indicated that the PTT-treated hybrid model induced increasing apoptosis and dead cells. Further studies on the toxicity of ANS-MAs are needed to reveal whether it can be considered biocompatible. In summary, the ANS was prepared with a macrophage as the delivery method and protective carrier. The ANS was successfully localized to the macrophages, and their photoabsorption property was stationary. This strategy showed significant growth inhibition of the tumor and macrophage spheroid model under NIR laser irradiation. In vivo toxicology results suggest that ANS-MA is a promising candidate for a biocompatible strategy to overcome the limitations of fabricated nanomaterials. This ANS-MA delivery and PTT strategy may potentially lead to improvements in the quality of life of patients with HNSCC by providing a biocompatible, minimally invasive modality for cancer treatment.
Astaxanthin Attenuates Hypertensive Vascular Remodeling by Protecting Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells from Oxidative Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Oxidative stress aggravates mitochondrial injuries and accelerates the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which are important mechanisms contributing to vascular remodeling in hypertension. We put forward the hypothesis that Astaxanthin (ATX), known to possess strong features of antioxidant, could attenuate vascular remodeling by inhibiting VSMC proliferation and improving mitochondrial function. The potential effects of ATX were tested on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and cultured VSMCs that injured by angiotensin II (Ang II). The results showed that ATX lowered blood pressure, reduced aortic wall thickness and fibrosis, and decreased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and H2O2 in tunica media. Moreover, ATX decreased the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and ki67 in aortic VSMCs. In vitro, ATX mitigated VSMC proliferation and migration, decreased the level of cellular ROS, and balanced the activities of ROS-related enzymes including NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Besides, ATX mitigated Ca2+ overload, the overproduction of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial fission, and Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser616. In addition, ATX enhanced mitophagy and mitochondrial biosynthesis by increasing the expression of PINK, parkin, mtDNA, mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), and PGC-1α. The present study indicated that ATX could efficiently treat vascular remodeling through restraining VSMC proliferation and restoring mitochondrial function. Inhibiting mitochondrial fission by decreasing the phosphorylation of Drp1 and stimulating mitochondrial autophagy and biosynthesis via increasing the expression of PINK, parkin, Tfam, and PGC-1α may be part of its underlying mechanisms.
KATP Channel Opening During Ischemia: Effects on Myocardial Noradrenaline Release and Ventricular Arrhythmias

&NA; Cardioprotection by KATP channel openers during ischemia is well documented although ill understood. Proarrhythmic effects may be an important drawback. KATP channel modulation influences neurotransmitter release during ischemia in brain synaptosomes. Therefore, we studied the effects of KATP channel modulation on myocardial noradrenaline release and arrhythmias in ischemic rabbit hearts. Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused according to Langendorff and stimulated. Local electrograms were recorded and K+‐selective electrodes were inserted in the left ventricular free wall. Cromakalim (3 &mgr;M) or glibenclamide (3 &mgr;M) was added 20 min prior to induction of global ischemia. After 15, 20, or 30 min of ischemia, hearts were reperfused and noradrenaline content of the first 100 ml of reperfusate was measured. Cromakalim (n = 16) prevented the second rise of extracellular [K+] in accordance with its cardioprotective effect. Cromakalim significantly reduced noradrenaline release after 15 min (mean, 169 ± SEM 97 pmol/gr dry weight vs. control 941 ± 278; p < 0.05) and 20 min of ischemia (230 ± 125 pmol/gr dry wt vs. control 1,460 ± 433; p < 0.05), but after 30 min of ischemia, the difference in noradrenaline release was no longer significant (cromakalim 2,703 ± 1,195 pmol/gr dry wt vs. control 5,413 ± 1,310; p = 0.08). Ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia occurred in 10 of 13 control hearts (77%) (n=19), in six of 10 glibenclamide‐treated hearts (60%) (n = 15), and in six of 14 cromakalim‐treated hearts (43%) (p = NS). Cromakalim significantly accelerated onset of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (mean ± SEM onset after 12.5 ± 1.6 min ischemia vs. control 16.2 ± 0.7 min; p < 0.05). Noradrenaline release occurred only in cromakalim‐treated hearts with early‐onset arrhythmias whereas no noradrenaline release was observed in cromakalim‐treated hearts without ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. Our results show that activation of the KATP channel by cromakalim during ischemia reduces myocardial noradrenaline release and postpones the onset of irreversible damage, contributing to the cardioprotective potential of KATP openers during myocardial ischemia.
INVITED REVIEW Traumatic Encephalopathy

Traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of death and disability among young adults. Clinical evaluation is of limited value in the assessment of patients with traumatic brain injury and is often inaccurate in determining the extent of brain damage. Neurophysiological techniques and neuroimaging can provide valuable prognostic information and are useful in monitoring for seizures and other causes of secondary brain damage and in tracking the effects of therapy. More recently, cognitive electrophysiology and functional magnetic resonance imaging have shown that many patients clinically deemed to be in vegetative or in minimally conscious states are, in fact, aware. This opens new frontiers for further research into establishing communication with otherwise unresponsive patients.
Zwei Neue Cletodidae (Copepoda Harpacticoida) aus dem Westnorwegischen Küstengebiet

Abstract Two new species of harpacticoid copepods are described, belonging to the family Cletodidae T. Scott. Cletodes latirostris sp. n. was collected from muddy substratum at a depth of 518 m in Korsfjorden, also from muddy and clayey substratum at depths of 520 and 220 m in Husnesfjorden, in western Norway. This species differs from other Cletodes species in structure of rostrum, antenna, the armature of endopodits P II - P IV, and furca. Neoargestes variabilis gen. et sp. n. was collected from muddy substratum at a depth of 520 m in Husnesfjorden in western Norway. This species is referred to a new genus Neoargestes on account of the structure of P V and of the variability of endopodits P I - P II.
Micropropagation of bay laurel (Daphne gnidium L.)

SummaryProcedures have been developed for the micropropagation of Daphne gnidium, a shrub species of ecological interest, using explants of juvenile and adult origin. Shoot proliferation rates were significantly affected by both salt formulation and benzylade- nine concentration. Best results were obtained on WP medium with 5 µM BA. The presence of indoleacetic acid in the induction medium improved BA-induced axillary bud proliferation from juvenile explants. Rooting of shoots produced in culture was difficult, especially those of adult origin. Besides an absolute requirement for auxin, calcium concentration and the pH of the medium affected the formation of adventitious roots from regenerated shoots of D. gnidium.
A Rheumatologist’s Perspective

Interstitial Lung Disease in Connective Tissue Disease What types of ILD do we see in patients with CTD? Similarly, what is the spectrum of connective tissue disease associated with the development of ILD? The terminology for the ILDs is confusing and has evolved based on different classification schemes. The most recent revision (Table 1) incorporates the clinico-radiologic-pathologic information to arrive at a specific ILD pattern. These specific patterns are classified as distinct entities because they often “behave” differently, based on how they present (insidious vs. acute), and mostly due to prognostic differences among the patterns. Although this classification schema is applied to patients with CTD, it is based on patterns described for “idiopathic” ILD (also called idiopathic interstitial pneumonia IIP ). Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) presents insidiously and is the most common pattern seen among those with IIP. UIP is seen with all of the connective tissue diseases, and appears to be the most common pattern associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Its radiographic equivalent is that of fibrosis or “honeycombing. ” Idiopathic UIP (called idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis IPF ) is the least responsive to therapy and has the worse prognosis. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), can present acutely, subacutely, or insidiously, and is subclassified as either cellular, fibrotic, or mixed. It is thought be more immunoresponsive, is associated with inflammation, and the HRCT correlate has the appearance of “ground-glass opacification. ” The finding of NSIP should prompt strong suspicion for underlying CTD. Among those with IIP, the cellular form of NSIP is associated with better survival than fibrotic NSIP, and patients with either form of NSIP tend to live longer than those with UIP. Organizing pneumonia (formerly known as “BOOP”) presents acutely, is also frequently seen among the spectrum of CTD, is probably the most immunoresponsive of the ILD patterns, and associated with a generally favorable prognosis. Its radiographic equivalents include the presence of ground-glass opacities and consolidation. Almost all of the ILD patterns occur within the spectrum of the various connective tissue diseases, with NSIP being the most common pattern for each CTD except perhaps RA.
Lithium Treatment in Patients With Huntington Disease and Suicidal Behavior

CASE REPORTS In his original description, George Huntington (1872) mentioned suicidality as one of the major features of the illness bearing his name, and subsequent studies confirmed the high rate of suicides among patients affected by Huntington disease (HD). In our Movement Disorders Outpatient Clinic of ‘‘Agostino Gemelli’’ Hospital of the Catholic University, Rome, all patients with HD are examined by a neurologist experienced in movement disorders according to the Huntington Disease Rating Scale, who refers patients with psychiatric disturbances to a senior psychiatrist who personally interviews and assesses the psychiatric conditions by the 24-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and collects information by caregivers and family members and all available medical records. Because there is evidence that suicidal behavior can be prevented by lithium among patients with mood disorders, we prescribed lithium to all patients with HD who received a score 3 or higher at the item ‘‘Suicidality’’ of the BPRS. In the follow-up visits, we looked into patients on the grounds of the same protocol as previously described. For each patient, the score given before starting lithium treatment was compared with the score given further to the first and last medical visits after having received lithium. For statistical analysis, we used the Wilcoxon test for paired data. PG 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Among the 68 patients with HD who attended our clinic from December 2008 to December 2010, individually assessed by a senior psychiatrist (M.R.), 5 patients (7.4%) scored 3 or higher at the item suicidality of the BPRS. Clinical details on the patients are summarized in Table 1. No suicidal behavior was reported among the relatives of all 5 patients. A relief of suicidal ideation, paralleled by a drop of the suicidality score was documented after a short interval of lithium treatment (3Y13 weeks), in all cases. When therapeutic effect was achieved, lithium plasma levels ranged from 0.31 to 0.71 mEq/L. The difference between the suicidality scores before and after lithium was significant since the first follow-up visit: W = 15.0; n = 5; P G 0.05. Lithium treatment was well tolerated. Case 1 A 38-year-old woman, affected by HD since the age of 28 years, was treated for 2 years with tetrabenazine (TBZ), 25 mg 3 times a day; alprazolam, 0.625 mg 2 times a day, and quetiapine, 37.5 mg/d. On visit, she met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria of major depression, with psychotic symptoms and of agitated depression. Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale suicidality score was 5. Lithium was introduced up to 300 mg 2 times a day, with improvement. Suicidality score abated to 1 three weeks later. Afterwards, olanzapine, 2.5 mg/d; and quetiapine, 150 mg/d, were introduced, for delusions of persecution and jealousy. She continued TBZ with the same dosage. Suicidality score remained 1 throughout the 97 weeks of follow-up. The range of lithium plasma concentration was 0.4 to 0.5 mEq/L.
Cell Wall-Anchored Surface Proteins and Lipoproteins of Gram-Positive Bacteria

The cell wall envelope of gram-positive bacteria is composed of the peptidoglycan macromolecule that functions to protect microbes from osmotic lysis. Small molecules can diffuse through the peptidoglycan layer; however, cellular uptake requires dedicated mechanisms for transport across the cytoplasmic membrane. These and other functions in gram-positive bacteria require lipoproteins, polypeptides that are tethered to the cytoplasmic membrane by an N-terminal lipid modification. This chapter summarizes what is known about the cell wall-anchored surface proteins as well as the targeting mechanism of lipoproteins. Furthermore, some of the many biological functions that these polypeptides fulfill are described. Cell wall sorting signals from surface proteins of other gram-positive bacteria display similar functions. Gram-positive bacteria cannot recycle degraded peptidoglycan fragments and release these compounds into the extracellular medium. A database search using the lipobox of lipoproteins revealed 114 lipoprotein genes in the genome of Bacillus subtilis as compared with 89 lipoproteins encoded in the Escherichia coli genome. Several proteins that are periplasmic carbohydrate binding proteins in gram-negative bacteria were observed to be lipid-modified in gram-positive bacteria. These lipoproteins function to capture specific import substrates and deliver them to the membrane-embedded transport machinery. Several lipoproteins are required for sporulation or geimination of B. subtilis, while the B. subtilis PrsA lipoprotein is a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase that assists the folding of secreted polypeptides. Other lipoproteins are thought to be involved in DNA binding or uptake, oxidative phosphorylation, cell wall biogenesis, and autolysis.
Vanillylamide-Based Propanolamine Derivative Displays / -Adrenoceptor Blocking and Vasodilating Properties

A propanolamine derivative with vanillylamide base, KMUP 880602, was first investigated under in vivo and in vitro conditions. IV KMUP 880602 (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg) produced dose-dependent hypotensive and bradycardia responses in pentobarbital-anesthetized Wistar rats. KMUP 880602 also markedly inhibited both the tachycardia effects induced by (−)isoproterenol and arterial pressor responses induced by phenylephrine. In isolated guinea pig tissues, KMUP 880602 competitively antagonized (−)isoproterenol-induced positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of the atria and tracheal relaxation responses. The apparent pA2 values KMUP 880602 were 7.24 ± 0.08 (right atria), 7.42 ± 0.07 (left atria), and 6.24 ± 0.06 (trachea). KMUP 880602 also produced a competitive antagonism of norepinephrineinduced contraction in the isolated rat aorta with pA2 values of 7.64 ± 0.18. In the radioligand-binding assay, [H]CGP-12177 binding to rat ventricle and lung tissues and [H]prazosin binding to brain membranes were inhibited by KMUP 880602 with pKi values of 7.27, 6.08, and 8.25, respectively. In isolated rat thoracic aorta, the vasorelaxant effects of KMUP 880602 on phenylephrine-induced contractions were attenuated by pretreatment with tetraethylammonium (10 M) and charybdotoxin (10 M) but not by glibenclamide, 4-aminopyridine, and apamin. In conclusion, KMUP 880602 is an / -adrenoceptor blocker, with selective 1-adrenoceptor blocking and vascular smooth muscle relaxation activities. Particularly, the vasorelaxant effect of KMUP 880602 is partially mediated by the opening of charybdotoxinsensitive K channel.
Endophytic bacterial induction of defence enzymes against bacterial blight of cotton

Bacterial blight of cotton caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum (Xam) is a major yield constraint in cotton crops. The effect of inducing systemic resistance against Xam in cotton with a talc-based bioformulation of the endophytic Bacillus strains EPCO 102 and EPCO 16 and Pseudomonas fluorescens strain Pf1, with or without the addition of chitin, was tested under greenhouse conditions. The bioformulation, applied through seed, soil or foliar spray, significantly reduced disease incidence. The addition of chitin to the formulation reduced disease incidence still further. EPCO 102 with chitin led to the lowest bacterial blight incidence. The bacterial strains also caused higher levels of chitinase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and phenol in cotton, besides reduction of blight incidence. In addition, the endophytic Bacillus strains increased cotton yield under greenhouse conditions.
Principles of Acarology

Integument and moulting segmentation, musculature and legs circulation, nervous systems and sense organs respiratory system mouthparts feeding and adaptations of the mouthparts alimentary canal, prosomatic glands and digestion excretion and osmoregulation reproductive systems sperm transfer, mating behaviour and oviposition development and dispersal classification of the Acari.
Textural effects of soluble whey protein isolate in stirred yogurt

Viscosity changes in stirred yogurt fortified with soluble whey protein isolate (WPI) were investigated. The WPI was added as a nutraceutical rather than technological ingredient at different levels (2-10%) to a commercial stirred plain yogurt used as a base. Samples prepared from the yogurt base as well as the base itself were subjected to identical mixing conditions. Measurements included Brookfield viscosity, syneresis after centrifugation and sensory comparisons. The viscosity of the fortified yogurt decreased with WPI concentration up to 8% WPI addition. Similar addition of sugar also decreased yogurt viscosity to a lesser extent, while the viscosity increased with the addition of skim milk powder. Sensory evaluations of the textural attributes indicated that the thinning effect of the WPI addition was noticeable to untrained panelists.
PENGARUH ASMETRI INFORMASI, LEVERAGE DAN PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA RIIL (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di Indeks JII Periode 2004-2013)

Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh asimetri informasi, leverage dan profitabilitas terhadap manajemen laba riil. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan bukti empiris bahwa asimetri informasi, leverage dan profitabilitas terhadap manajemen laba riil pada perusahaan manufaktur go public yang tergabung dalam Indeks LQ-45 dan JII. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 181 perusahaan untuk indeks LQ-45 dan 163 perusahaan untuk JII. Teknik pengamilan sampel dengan metode Purposive Sampling . Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi liniear berganda sedangkan uji statistik dengan menggunakan Uji R 2 , Uji F dan Uji t(pengujian hipotesis). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan untuk indeks LQ-45 asimetri informasi berpengaruh terhadap manajemen laba riil, leverage dan profitabilitas tidak berpengaruh terhadap manajemen laba riil sedangkan untuk indeks JII asimetri informasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap manajemen laba, leverage dan profitabilitas berpengaruh terhadap manajemen laba.