Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managing sweet sorghum for optimum ethanol yield in Missouri

Increasing demand for high-yielding biofuel feedstocks elicits the need for the alternative ethanol industry to fully understand sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) yield response to varying N fertilization rates in the Midwest U.S. has arisen. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimum N fertilization levels for the production of two sweet sorghum cultivars (Dale and Top 76-6) over three years in central Missouri. The effects of 5 rates of N fertilizer (0, 56, 112, 168, 224 kg-N ha) were tested on dry matter yields, stem juice yields, Brix, fermentable sugar yield, theoretical juice ethanol yield, theoretical lignocellulosic ethanol yield, and total theoretical ethanol yield. N rate was found to be significant across most years and yield parameter. Total dry matter yields averaged 16.8 Mg ha, juice yields averaged 9113 L ha, and fermentable sugar yields averaged 1055 kg ha across years and cultivars. Brix generally did not differ with N treatment and the cultivars performed similarly for most yield parameters. Total ethanol yields averaged 5828 L ha and were highest between 112 and 168 kg-N ha, indicating that producing sweet sorghum in Missouri may reach optimum yields within that fertilization range. Annual precipitation and temperature differences under dryland conditions greatly influenced dry matter, stem juice, and sugar yields, thereby affecting theoretical ethanol yields, such that years with decreased rainfall and lower temperatures coincided with decreased yields. Sweet sorghum is
Performance of Pharmacy students in a comprehensive medication management service in a Primary Health Care Setting

This study aims to assess the performance of pharmacy students in the provision of a comprehensive medication management (CMM) service in a primary health care setting. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, observational study spanning one academic semester of the provision of the CMM service by pharmacy students was conducted. The data on the profile of patients attended, drug therapy-related problems (DRPs) identified, and the interventions proposed to resolve the DRPs were collected from electronic medical records held by the service. Key findings: A total of 20 patients were attended, predominantly women (65%), with a mean age of 69.2 years. The mean number of health problems per patient was 4.8 and mean medications per patient was 6.8. Of the total 35 DRPs identified, the most common were those related to indication (40%) and effectiveness (22.9%) of the drug therapy. The two most frequent interventions to resolve the DRPs involved starting new therapy and changing dosage, respectively. Conclusions: The results allowed inferences to be made about the effectiveness of pharmacy practice experience for developing clinical competencies of pharmacy students, given that the performance of students proved comparable to that of pharmacists in established CMM services reported in the literature.
Aggression & Neurotransmitters

: In recent few decades interest has been developed and research has been carried out to study aggressive behaviour. It is known that neurotransmitters control aggression but the mechanisms involved are still not clear. The current pandemic led to many psychological issues. In this study, we did a small online survey and used online reports (newspapers, digital publications) to analyze the psychology of the person because of novel COVID-19 lockdown in India and many psychological health issues experienced by society. This study focuses on aggressive behavior of the person, chemistry & factors related to neurotransmitters with respect to serotonin. Studies suggest that people with low serotonin concentration are aggressive in nature)
Surface wave effects on sheet-flow sand transport

Acknowledgements This work is carried out within the project SANTOSS, a collaboration between Twente University and Aberdeen University, with input from both Liverpool and Wales-Bangor University and WL|Delft Hydraulics. It is funded by the Dutch Technology Foundation STW, applied science division of NWO and the technology program of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (TCB 6586) and the UK’s Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) (GR/T28089/01). The National Institute for Coastal and Marine Management (RWS RIKZ) is acknowledged for the funding of the Delta flume experiments. In addition, the authors highly appreciate the collaboration with Utrecht University.
BREAKTHROUGH OF SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA’S AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE ROLE OF FOREIGN AID

Qian, Jiangyi. M.S., Purdue University, May 2014. Breakthrough of Sub-Saharan Africa’s Agricultural Production in the 21st Century: The Role of Foreign Aid. Major Professor: Philip Abbott. Sub-Saharan African countries’ agricultural production has accelerated in the twenty-first century. This study shows that aggregate African agricultural production exhibits a breakthrough after 2000. More specifically, agricultural production breakthroughs occurred in 24 sub-Saharan African countries after 2000. 15 of them were caused by yield improvement and 8 of them were caused by area expansion. These breakthroughs helped these countries meet their increasing food consumption demands and lower their dependency on agricultural imports. However, we also found these breakthroughs were fragile. In addition to the influences of recent natural disasters and drought, these fertilizer-enabled production accelerations might also have been negatively impacted by the world food crisis due largely to higher fertilizer prices from 2008 to 2010. To understand the role of agricultural foreign aid on these breakthroughs, we grouped countries into four categories based on whether they experienced a breakthrough (Group A and B) and their reasons if they had a breakthrough. Group A1 includes countries that experienced breakthrough due to yield improvement and Group A2 includes countries with breakthrough due to area expansion.
Final Report: Pilot-scale Cross-flow Filtration Test - Envelope A + Entrained Solids

This report discusses the results of the operation of a cross-flow filter in a pilot-scale experimental facility that was designed, built, and run by the Experimental Thermal Fluids Laboratory of the Savannah River Technology Center of the Westinghouse Savannah River Company.This filter technology was evaluated for its inclusion in the pretreatment section of the nuclear waste stabilization plant being designed by BNFL, Inc. This plant will be built at the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site as part of the River Protection Project.
Early-Age Structural Properties of Base Material Treated with Asphalt Emulsion

The objectives of this research were to investigate the early-age structural properties of base materials stabilized with asphalt emulsion and to assess the rate at which emulsion-treated base (ETB) design properties are achieved. Three experimental sections were established along a pavement reconstruction project near Saratoga Springs, Utah. Field tests were performed to assess the structural properties of the ETB immediately after construction and at 2, 3, 7, and 14 days; 4 months; and 1 year. Measured values were plotted against time to determine trends in ETB strength development and to determine pavement capacity. Modulus values were consistently low in all three sections during the first 2 weeks after construction, increased dramatically by 4 months, and then decreased considerably by 1 year. In the first 2 weeks after construction, the average ETB structural coefficient was 0.04. Only two of the three sections reached the design structural coefficient of 0.25, which occurred after approximately 3 months; however, the average structural coefficient measured for all three sections after 1 year of curing, which included a winter, was only 47% of the design strength. The results of this research showed that, while pavement capacity was sufficient at 4 months, it was severely reduced during the first 2 weeks and at 1 year. Trafficking under these reduced capacities would be expected to greatly compromise long-term pavement performance. For this reason, trafficking of materials similar to those investigated in this research is not recommended during at least the first 2 weeks after construction.
Mobile Application Adoption by Young Adults: A Social Network Perspective

The use of mobile applications, defined as small programs that run on a mobile device and perform tasks ranging from banking to gaming and web browsing, is exploding. Within the past two years, the industry has grown from essentially nothing to a $2 billion marketplace, but adoption rates are still on the rise. Using network theory, this study examines how the adoption of mobile apps among young consumers is influenced by others in their social network. The results suggest that the likelihood of adoption and usage of mobile apps increases with their use by the consumer’s strongest relationship partner. In addition, the authors find marginal support for the hypothesis that the adoption of mobile apps will be more strongly influenced by a consumer’s social contacts (friends, compared to family members), possibly due to their closer similarity to the consumer. Managerial and theoretical implications are discussed.
Armour layer stability on a bermed slope breakwater

In coastal regions where the land is sensitive to erosion, but also for harbours and ports, numerous types of defensive structures have been developed to protect it from the effects of incident waves. More recently breakwaters have been constructed which combine the stability characteristics of a conventional two-layered uniform sloped breakwater with the wave energy dispersive character of a berm breakwater. This type is referred to as a 'breakwater with a bermed slope' or a 'bermed sloped breakwater' In order to develop more insight in the development of damage on bermed sloped breakwaters, small-scale experiments have been performed in which the two most important parameters related to a berm were tested. These governing parameters were the relative berm length and the relative water level with a range of respectively 0.00 0.9, showed different results. The development of the increase in stability for constant values of the relative berm length showed a peak at B/L0 = 0.15. This peak seemed to flatten out as the water level on the berm became smaller. This process could possible link the findings of this study to the findings of Vermeer (1986), however, more research has to be done to confirm this hypothesis. Finally the two design principles, which in practice are used as indication of the increase in stability, were validated with the results of this study. The first principle applies stability formulae for uniform slopes on the average slope of a bermed profile. The second principle adopts the characteristics of low-crested structures on the bermed profile. The correlation between the predicted increase in stability and the results of the test series was very low. Apparently the complexity of the processes related to the (in)stability of armour layers on a bermed slope can not be overcome by means of the design principles. This is most probably caused by the influence of the return current, which has large impact on the stability, is not accounted for. Therefore both principles are not well suited to predict the increase in stability of armour layers on bermed slopes.
Dynamic Models of Wind Turbines

The impact of wind power generation in the power system is no longer negligible. Therefore, there is an urgent need for wind turbine models that are capable of accurately simulating the interaction between wind turbines or wind farms and the power system. One problem is that no standardized model of wind turbines for power system stability studies is currently available. In response to this problem, generic dynamic models of wind turbines for stability studies are proposed in this thesis. Three wind turbine concepts are considered; fixed-speed wind turbines (FSWTs), doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines and full converter wind turbines (FCWTs). The proposed models are developed for positive-sequence phasor time-domain dynamic simulations and are implemented in the standard power system simulation tool PSS/E with a 10 ms time step. Response accuracy of the proposed models is validated against detailed models and, in some cases, against field measurement data. A direct solution method is proposed for initializing a DFIG wind turbine model. A model of a dc-link braking resistor with limited energy capacity is proposed, thus a unified model of an FCWT for a power system stability analysis can be obtained. The results show that the proposed models are able to simulate wind turbine responses with sufficient accuracy. The generic models proposed in this thesis can be seen as a contribution to the ongoing discourse on standardized models of wind power generation for power system stability studies. Aggregated models of wind farms are studied. A single equivalent unit representation of a wind farm is found to be sufficient for most short-term voltage stability investigations. The results show that non-linearities due to maximum power tracking characteristics and saturation of electrical controllers play no important role in characterizing wind farm responses. For a medium-term study, which may include wind transport phenomena, a cluster representation of a wind farm provides a more realistic prediction. Different influencing factors in designing dynamic reactive power compensation for an offshore wind farm consisting of FSWTs are also investigated. The results show that fault ride-through capability of the individual turbines in the wind farm utilizing an active stall control significantly reduces the requirement for the dynamic reactive power compensation.
Effects of Type of Polarization On Echo Characteristics

Abstract : The variation in echo signal from a 1/20-scale F-80 aircraft at 9000 mc. is described. Improvement in pattern repetition was obtained by relocating the model higher above the floor surface and elevating the line-of-sight from horn to target to an angle of 3.5 deg with the horizontal. Modifications of the measuring apparatus permitted the transmitting antenna polarization to be varied; the receiving antenna polarization remained linear. The application of this technique to scattering matrix measurements is discussed. The effect of target symmetry on the cross-polarized linear echo and circularly polarized echo is considered.
Influence of graded levels of baobab oil seed cake on growth performance and enteric methane emissions in Savannah × Boer crossbreed yearling goats.

Background: The recent concern on the emission of methane from ruminant livestock that contributes to climate change has called for a search of feed ingredient that will mitigate the emission of this gas at the same time increase the growth performance of the animal. One of such feed ingredients could be baobab oil seed cake. This study therefore, investigate the effects of feeding graded levels of baobab oil seed cake (BOSC) on growth performance and enteric methane emissions of Savannah × Boer goats at yearling age.Methods: A total of 24 goats weighing 16.63 ± 3.639 kg were used in a completely randomized block design. The study was conducted for a period of 70 days, with an adaptation period of 14 days. The baobab oil seed cake was included in the diets at 0% (control diet), 15%, 30% and 45 % on a mass basis. The experimental diets were iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric. The parameters measured include the average daily feed intake (ADFI), body weight gain (BWG), and average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and enteric methane emissions using Laser methane detector (LMD). Results The inclusion of baobab oil seed cake (15%, 30%, and 45% BOSC) in goats’ diets significantly increased (P<0.05) (ADFI). Females in the current study gained more weight than males. It was observed that goats fed diets with 0% baobab oil cake emitted higher methane output (P<0.05). Methane emission decreased as the baobab inclusion levels in the diet increase (P<0.05). Female Savannah ´ Boer goat emitted more methane than male (P<0.05). Both sex and baobab oil cake inclusion levels contributed significantly to methane emissions individually and interactively. Conclusion: Inclusion of baobab oil seed cake in the diet improved growth performance and could also be used to mitigate methane production in Savannah × Boer crossbreed goats at a range of 15 to 45 % inclusion levels without causing any detrimental effects on the goats. ’
Effects of cockpit lateral stick characteristics on handling qualities and pilot dynamics

This report presents the results of analysis of cockpit lateral control feel-system studies. Variations in feel-system natural frequency, damping, and command sensing reference (force and position) were investigated, in combination with variations in the aircraft response characteristics. The primary data for the report were obtained from a flight investigation conducted with a variable-stability airplane, with additional information taken from other flight experiments and ground-based simulations for both airplanes and helicopters . The study consisted of analysis of handling qualities ratings and extraction of open-loop, pilot-vehicle describing functions from sum-of-sines tracking data, including, for a limited subset of these data, the development of pilot models. The study confirms the findings of other investigators that the effects on pilot opinion of cockpit feel-system dynamics are not equivalent to a comparable level of added time delay, and until a more comprehensive set of criteria are developed, it is recommended that feel-system dynamics be considered a delay-inducing element in the aircraft response. The best correlation with time-delay requirements was found when the feel-system dynamics were included in the delay measurements, regardless of the command reference. This is a radical departure from past approaches.
Observations of Departure Processes at Logan Airport to Support the Development of Departure Planning Tools

Field observations at Boston Logan International airport and data analyses comparing Logan to other major airports are conducted in order to identify the flow constraints that impede departure operations in an airport system. These observations and the associated analyses are discussed for each of the components of the airport system. It is concluded that the airport system is a complex interactive queuing system, that the different airport components contribute to cause delays and inefficiencies to different degrees, and that the runway system is the main flow constraint. The observations and analyses discussed reveal important implications for Departure Planning (DP) tools. The DP tools have competing objectives such as increasing the efficiency of the runway system, reducing delays and environmental impact, and maintaining fairness among all airport users and acceptable workload levels for air traffic controllers. The interactions and dynamics between the different components of the airport system dete.
Making intelligent systems team players: Case studies and design issues. Volume 1: Human-computer interaction design

Initial results are reported from a multi-year, interdisciplinary effort to provide guidance and assistance for designers of intelligent systems and their user interfaces. The objective is to achieve more effective human-computer interaction (HCI) for systems with real time fault management capabilities. Intelligent fault management systems within the NASA were evaluated for insight into the design of systems with complex HCI. Preliminary results include: (1) a description of real time fault management in aerospace domains; (2) recommendations and examples for improving intelligent systems design and user interface design; (3) identification of issues requiring further research; and (4) recommendations for a development methodology integrating HCI design into intelligent system design.
A process for reducing the licensing burden for new products containing depleted uranium.

This report is intended to provide guidance on the process for petitioning the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to initiate a rulemaking that could reduce the licensing burden for new products containing depleted uranium (DU), which are being investigated by the DU Uses Research and Development (RD March 16, 1965) and Regulatory Guide 6.7, which addresses the contents of environmental reports that support rulemaking petitions seeking exemptions for radionuclide-containing products. Methodologies for calculating radiological and nonradiological impacts on human health (i.e., risks) associated with distributing, using, and disposing of DU-containing products are presented. Also, methodologies for completing assessments of the potential effects of accidents involving new DU-containing products and of product misuse are described. The report recommends that the U.S. Department of Energy formulate a regulatory plan for deployment of DU-containing products in areas that aremore » not already radiologically controlled. Such a plan is needed because deployment of new DU-containing products may be difficult under existing NRC licensing requirements. To provide a basis for the regulatory plan, it is recommended that detailed assessments of the radiological and nonradiological risks of distributing, using, and disposing of DU-containing products be conducted. Such assessments should be initiated as soon as sufficient data are available from the ongoing DU Uses R&D Program at ORNL to support the analyses. « less
Processing mechanics of alternate twist ply (ATP) yarn technology

Processing Mechanics of Alternate Twist Ply (ATP) Yarn Technology Donia Said Elkhamy Prof. Frank K. Ko Ply yarns are important in many textile manufacturing processes and various applications. The primary process used for producing ply yarns is cabling. The speed of cabling is limited to about 35m/min. With the world’s increasing demands of ply yarn supply, cabling is incompatible with today’s demand activated manufacturing strategies. The Alternate Twist Ply (ATP) yarn technology is a relatively new process for producing ply yarns with improved productivity and flexibility. This technology involves self plying of twisted singles yarn to produce ply yarn. The ATP process can run more than ten times faster than cabling. To implement the ATP process to produce ply yarns there are major quality issues; uniform Twist Profile and yarn Twist Efficiency. The goal of this thesis is to improve these issues through process modeling based on understanding the physics and processing mechanics of the ATP yarn system. In our study we determine the main parameters that control the yarn twist profile. Process modeling of the yarn twist across different process zones was done. A computational model was designed to predict the process parameters required to achieve a square wave twist profile. Twist efficiency, a measure of yarn torsional stability and bulk, is determined by the ratio of ply yarn twist to singles yarn twist. Response Surface Methodology was used to develop the processing window that can reproduce ATP yarns with high twist efficiency. Equilibrium conditions of tensions and torques acting on the yarns at the self ply point were analyzed and determined the pathway for achieving higher twist efficiency. Mechanistic modeling relating equilibrium conditions to the twist efficiency was developed. A static