Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Institutionalization or interaction: Which organizational factors help community‐based initiatives acquire government support?

Increasingly, Western local governments are dealing with community-based initiatives (CBIs) of citizens providing public services. Municipalities possess critical resources CBIs generally lack, including subsidies, buildings, and exposure. There is still little knowledge on CBIs' factors for government support. Therefore, this study adopts an organizational perspective distinguishing among institutionalization (intraorganizational, e.g., organizational size and democratic legitimacy) and interaction (interorganizational, e.g., boundary spanning leadership [BSL]) factors for the support CBIs obtain from local government. Analyzing large N data (N = 2331) from CBIs in six countries by using structural equation modeling, we found that interaction factors are related to more government support, whereas institutionalization factors are less significant. More specifically, we found stronger relationships for BSL and linking social capital than for the factors related to the formalization and development of organizational infrastructure, including the much-discussed democratic legitimacy of CBIs, suggesting a limited interest of governments in this topic as a factor for support.
Evaluating the meteorological drought characteristics over Pakistan using in situ observations and reanalysis products

Drought is one of the most frequent natural disasters occurring in Pakistan and has a great influence on livelihood, agriculture, and economy. The availability of long‐term high‐quality reanalysis products over Pakistan has been of great concern in recent decades. Here, we conduct drought assessment in Pakistan based on the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) at 3, 6, and 12 months timescales during 1983–2018. We use long‐term in situ observations to evaluate the accuracy of reanalysis products, including Climatic Research Unit (CRU TS), National Centers for Environmental Prediction version II (NCEP‐2), European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Version‐5 (ERA‐5), and Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version II (MERRA‐2). The main results are summarized as follows: (a) drought indices and drought areas assessed from reanalysis products are relatively more representative of historical droughts that had occurred in southern Pakistan and overestimation is evident for drought severity in western than eastern Pakistan; (b) statistically significant increasing trends (1984–1998 and 2000–2010) in monthly drought areas and occurrence are evident by CRU TS and MERRA‐2 in dominant arid and semiarid regions; (c) climate variables and drought features of southern Pakistan are best represented by CRU TS and MERRA‐2, while that of southwestern and western parts are best represented by ERA‐5; (d) the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) results range from −2 to 1, where the NSE of SPEI values (−1.0) show relatively weaker than SPI values (0.5) in most parts of the regions, specifically in the southern Pakistan; (e) a strong positive linear relationship on a monthly scale is evident in CRU TS, MERRA‐2, and ERA‐5 exhibiting relatively high correlation coefficient (0.84), except for NCEP‐2. Furthermore, the SPEI results are found to be better than SPI; thus, this study suggests SPEI may be more suitable than SPI in monitoring droughts under climate change.
What Factors Contribute to Higher Travel Happiness? Evidence from Beijing, China

Travel happiness has drawn increasing attention in recent years. However, the empirical research in developing countries’ context is very limited, and few studies consider both cognitive and affective evaluations during traveling. This study uses web-based survey data collected in Beijing, China, and applies multiple regression analysis to examine impacts of sociodemographic attributes, travel characteristics, residential environment, mode consonance, self-evaluation, and health conditions, on travel happiness. Satisfaction with Travel Scale (STS) is used to measure travel happiness. Results show that for trips using active travel modes, traveling by walking has higher travel happiness than by nonmotor vehicles. For those trips traveling by motor vehicles, company shuttle bus trips have the highest travel happiness ratings, followed by automobile trips and public transport trips. Transport mode consonance is significantly positively correlated with travel happiness. Residential environment, self-reported optimism, and daily happiness have great positive impacts on travel happiness. Living in suburban areas is more satisfying for walking and car trips, but travel frequency, travel duration, and perceived travel time length have significant negative effects on travel happiness. Public transport use with friends is enjoyable, but unpleasant with work partners. More happiness when listening to music/radio or reading during traveling is demonstrated. Finally, policy implications and potential extended research topics are recommended.
Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles by Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans and comparison of their effects with antifungal drugs

Biosynthesis of nanoparticles can stand as a replacement for the available chemical and physical methods by offering new procedures as green syntheses that have proved to be simple, biocompatible, safe, and cost-effective. Considering how nanoparticles with a size of 1 to 100 nanometers contain unique physical and chemical properties, recent reports are indicative of observing the antifungal qualities of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs). Recently, the observance of antifungal resistance towards different species of these fungi is often reported. Therefore, due to the antifungal effects of biological nanoparticles, this study aimed to investigate the exertion of these nanoparticles and evaluate their effects on the growth of fungal pathogens. Se-NPs were biosynthesized by the application of wet reduction method, which included specific concentrations of Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans. The presence of nanoparticles was confirmed by methods such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR analysis, and FESEM electron microscope that involved FESEM and EDAX diagram. The fungal strains were cultured in sabouraud dextrose agar medium to perform the sensitivity test based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method in duplicate. The utilization of Se-NPs at concentrations of 1 µg/ ml and below resulted in zero growth of fungal agents. However, their growth was inhibited by antifungal drugs at concentrations of 2 µg/ ml and higher. Based on the obtained results, biological nanoparticles produced by fungal agents at different concentrations exhibited favorable inhibitory effects on the growth of fungal strains.
Potentials of Jatropha Seed Cake in Soil Fertility: A Case Study with Cucumber (Cucumis Sativa .L.)

ABSTRACT An attempt to mitigate rapid soil fertility and productivity decline has led to the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. However, the availability of inorganic fertilizers for crop production is a challenge to many farmers in developing countries. Thus, the use of organic fertilizers is becoming more popular among farmers in recent decades. In this study, a two-year field experiment was conducted to compare the efficacy of Jatropha seed cake (JSC), Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia), compost, and the most common compound inorganic fertilizer in Nigeria – NPK. 15:15:15 on growth, yield, and some soil physico-chemical parameters and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). The treatments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, with three replicates and were applied at the rates of 80 and 120 kg N ha−1. Two-way ANOVA was used to determine the effects of fertilizer, rate, and year on some soil macro and micronutrients. Structural equation model (SEM) was used to reveal the direct and indirect effects of fertilizer and rate of application on soil physicochemical properties and the performance of cucumber. The results showed that organic amendments (JSC and Compost) significantly increased the yield of cucumber, JSC improved the soil pH, available nitrogen (AN), and available phosphorus (AP), while Compost better improved organic carbon (OC) than the NPK. 15:15:15. The SEM showed that fertilizer had direct significant positive effects on the yield of cucumber, magnesium, and sodium and a direct significant effect on the yield of cucumber. Also, organic carbon had direct and significant effects on both available phosphorous and total nitrogen. Jatropha seed cake and compost proved to be better than mineral fertilizers NPK 15–15-15, thus proving these organic wastes as better alternatives to NPK fertilizer in producing cucumber.
Effect of plasma preheating on weld quality and tool life during friction stir welding of DH36 steel

Friction stir welding (FSW) of high strength materials is challenging due to high tool cost and low tool life. To address this issue, the present investigation deals with an alternative of plasma-assisted friction stir welding (PFSW) of DH36 steel with WC-10%Co tool. Plasma preheating current (13 A, 15 A, and 17 A) was varied by keeping other FSW parameters as constant. During the FSW and PFSW process, force measurement and thermal history aided in a deep understanding of the process, tool degradation mechanisms, accompanied by the mechanical and microstructural characterization of the welded joints. The stir zone hardness was increased from 140 HV0.5 to about 267 HV0.5. The yield and tensile strength of weld increased from 385 MPa and 514 MPa to about 391 MPa and 539 MPa, respectively. Weld joint elongation (%) was increased from ~10% of weld 1 to ~13.89% of weld 4. During PFSW, the process temperature was increased, the cooling rate was lowered, and the weld bead was widened. The results also revealed that the plasma-assisted weld resulted in polygonal ( α p ) and allotriomorphic ferrite as the major constituents in the stir zone. Pearlite dissolution and spheroidization were observed in the ICHAZ and SCHAZ, respectively. Additionally, the plasma preheating reduced the tungsten tool’s wear by 58% compared to FSW.
La mediación de la satisfacción laboral en la relación del estilo de liderazgo y el compromiso organizacional

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la relación entre el estilo de liderazgo laboral y la satisfacción laboral, y cómo esta relación afecta el compromiso organizacional; utilizando la teoría del liderazgo de Bass y Avolio, a través del cuestionario MLQ. El compromiso organizacional se midió con la herramienta generada a partir de la teoría de Meyer y Allen y la satisfacción laboral con el cuestionario de Paul Spector. El estudio se diseñó sobre la base teórica del enfoque cuantitativo, deductivo, método transversal. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de la encuesta con el respectivo cuestionario para cada variable, el muestreo fue por conveniencia y 386 personas participaron de manera voluntaria. Los datos se analizaron con un modelo SEM. Los resultados muestran que los datos tienen un buen ajuste según la prueba de Chicuadrado; además, se realizó validez convergente y divergente. Por tanto, en la realidad ecuatoriana se demostró que el liderazgo transformacional se relaciona con la satisfacción laboral (r = .55, p <0.05), mientras que el liderazgo transaccional se relaciona negativamente con la satisfacción (r = -. 154, p <0.05). Sin embargo, el liderazgo transaccional no está relacionado con el compromiso organizacional (p> 0.05) y la satisfacción laboral influye en el compromiso organizacional (r = .608, p <0.05). Los resultados obtenidos en la cultura ecuatoriana demuestran resultados de estudios previos realizados en otras culturas, el estilo de liderazgo transformacional tiene un impacto positivo en la satisfacción laboral y el compromiso organizacional, mientras que el estilo de liderazgo transaccional tendría un impacto negativo con las demás variables estudiadas.
User involvement before the development of an indoor RPAS for the creative industries

This paper presents user needs and preferences gathered prior to the development of an indoor remotely piloted air system. A literature review was carried out to analyse previous studies about the involvement of users in the design of indoor unmanned aerial vehicles. Subsequently, the results of these user needs obtained from three focus groups held in European countries (Belgium, Spain and United Kingdom) are presented here. Through a content analysis of the information obtained in the focus groups, 40 codes and 4 variables were defined and used to examine the differences between types of users and their previous experience with drones. The literature review gave support to the results obtained through users’ involvement in the features to be included in a new unmanned aerial vehicle. Non-parametric tests and qualitative comparative analysis were used to analyse the information gathered in the focus groups. The results revealed few differences between artists working in creative industries and drone operators working for the creative industries. These differences affected features such as detecting and avoiding obstacles, which requires the inclusion of sensors. In addition, previous experience with drones was found to be a sufficient condition to explain greater concerns over safety, ethical and security issues in indoor environments.
The invisible minority: why do textbook authors avoid people with disabilities in their books?

ABSTRACT Representation of disability in school textbooks may influence pupils’ knowledge and perceptions of people with disabilities. The aim of this study was to investigate representation of people with disabilities in school textbooks. The study employed a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative frequency analysis was used to investigate the extent of representation of disabilities in texts and pictures in 78 Norwegian textbooks for Grades 5–10. Regarding texts, the results showed that people with disabilities were represented in less than half of these textbooks (49%). Concerning pictures, people with disabilities were even less represented, appearing in only 29% of the textbooks. These quantitative findings were supplemented by a qualitative survey of textbook authors, who were asked to explain the marked absence of disability references in their own books and in school textbooks in general. The two most frequent explanations were that textbook authors had either overlooked people with disabilities, or that the Norwegian National Curriculum (Kunnskapsdepartementet 2006. Lærerplanverket for Kunnskapsløftet (LK06) [The Norwegian National Curriculum]. https://www.udir. no/lk20/overordnet-del/) did not explicitly mention this minority. We discuss these explanations as expressions of conscious considerations rather than unconscious omissions.
Relationship Between Calving Rate and Concentration of Hormones and Blood Metabolites During Pregnancy in Post-Induction Pasundan Cows GnRH

Twenty Pasundan heifers were used in the study to find out calving rates related to the concentration of hormones and metabolites of the mother's blood during the farm. The experimental mother cow was given a combination of the hormone prostaglandin F2α as much as 5 ml per head and gonadotropin realising hormone (GnRH) of 2.5 ml per head intramuscular to uniformize fertility conditions and improve fertility. The mother cow is immediately carried out artificial insemination 2 times with an interval of 6 hours. All experimental cows were given forage basalt food and adlibitum drinking water. Pregnancy examination is carried out on the 60th and 150th days of post-insemination using the rectal palpation method. The observed variables in the form of calving rate were related to plasma concentrations of the hormones progesterone (P), estrogen (E), and blood metabolites levels β-OH butyric (BHBA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). The results showed that in Garut calving average rate of 90%, the plasma concentration of hormone progesterone 4.73±0.28 ng/ml and estrogen 24.59±1.91 pg/ml higher than Bogor with an average calving rate of 70%, the plasma concentration of progesterone hormone 3.46±0.71ng/ml and estrogen 21.67±1.57 pg/ml. The concentration of BHBA, BUN, and NEFA for Bogor region respectively was 12.33±1.81 mg dl-1; 23.70±2.40 mg dL; 1.85±0.25 mmol L-1) higher than Garut in a row is 10.17±1.25*mg dl-1, 22.70±2.70mg dL; 1.76±0.37mmol L-1). The results of regression analysis showed that the relationship of calving rate (CR) with the concentration of hormones conceptus estrogen (E) and progesterone (P) in garut region has a real form of linear relationship (P<0.05) by following the equation Calving rate=4772 +0.232 Estrogen + 0.643 Progesterone - 0.074 BHBA + 0.335 NEFA - 0.082 BUN with a coefficient of determination of 43.65%, while for Bogor region according to Calving regression rate=5,590+ 0.010 Estrogen +0.638 Progesterone - 0.231 BHBA + 1.11NEFA – 0.105 BUN with a coefficient of determination of 16.34%. It was concluded that calving rate is strongly influenced by the concentration of the hormones progesterone and estrogen, as well as having a close relationship with the condition of the mother blood metabolite during the pregnancy.
Determinants of Income Inequality in Yogyakarta Province

The purpose of this study is analyze the effect of population, GRDP, human development index, and district/city minimum wages on income inequality in Yogyakarta Province. This research uses quantitative methods with panel data, which is a combination of cross-section data from 5 regencies/cities in Yogyakarta Province and time-series data for the period 2011-2017. The results showed that the population and GRDP variable has a negative and not significant effect, the human development index variable has a significant negative effect, while the district/city minimum wage variable has a not significant positive effect.
Heat transfer in binary polyatomic gas mixtures over the whole range of the gas rarefaction based on kinetic deterministic modeling

In the present work, the problem of heat conduction through binary mixtures of non-vibrating polyatomic gases is studied over the whole range of the gas rarefaction in a deterministic manner. This is achieved by applying a recently proposed kinetic model, which takes into account the internal degrees of freedom of the gas molecules. The cross and self-collision frequencies are determined based on the thermal conductivity formulas proposed in the literature for the polyatomic gas mixtures. Numerical investigation is carried out for several binary mixtures consisting of linear and nonlinear gases in a wide range of all involved parameters. The validity of the present kinetic modeling is demonstrated by performing comparisons with the corresponding numerical and experimental data. Analytical solutions for the heat flux in the free molecular and hydrodynamic regimes are formulated showing excellent agreement with the numerical estimations. The effect of the internal degrees of freedom on the heat flux, as a function of the mole fraction, is also studied. The numerical results show that the relative deviation between monatomic and polyatomic heat fluxes varies linearly with the mole fraction when the difference between the molecular masses of the species is small. However, in the case of a mixture being composed of gases with quite different molecular masses, a nonlinear behavior is observed. It is clearly shown that the heat flux problem through polyatomic gas mixture cannot be captured by monatomic modeling. Furthermore, an approximate formula for the heat flux over the whole range of the Knudsen number is examined.
RNA-Binding Protein Hfq: A Role in Cellulose Decomposition

ObjectiveTo study the function of the RNA-binding protein Hfq in Bacillus subtilis cellulose decomposition.ResultsIn the medium with sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC) as the sole carbon source, the knockout of Hfq resulted in a 38.0% ± 2.1% and 76.6% ± 7.1% decrease in cellulose hydrolysis ability and cellulase activity, respectively. The results of real-time quantitative PCR revealed that several cellulase genes (eglS, bglA, and bglC) were significantly downregulated in the Hfq knockout strain. The isogenic ΔHfq complemented strain recovered the cellulose hydrolysis ability, cellulase activity, and expression level of cellulase genes. In addition, the survival of Hfq mutant in stationary phase was significantly affected. ConclusionRNA-binding protein Hfq is involved in the regulation of cellulose hydrolysis ability, cellulase activity, cellulase gene expression, and stationary phase survival.
A GROUP REGULARISATION APPROACH FOR CONSTRUCTING GENERALISED AGE-PERIOD-COHORT MORTALITY PROJECTION MODELS

Abstract Given the rapid reductions in human mortality observed over recent decades and the uncertainty associated with their future evolution, there have been a large number of mortality projection models proposed by actuaries and demographers in recent years. Many of these, however, suffer from being overly complex, thereby producing spurious forecasts, particularly over long horizons and for small, noisy data sets. In this paper, we exploit statistical learning tools, namely group regularisation and cross-validation, to provide a robust framework to construct discrete-time mortality models by automatically selecting the most appropriate functions to best describe and forecast particular data sets. Most importantly, this approach produces bespoke models using a trade-off between complexity (to draw as much insight as possible from limited data sets) and parsimony (to prevent over-fitting to noise), with this trade-off designed to have specific regard to the forecasting horizon of interest. This is illustrated using both empirical data from the Human Mortality Database and simulated data, using code that has been made available within a user-friendly open-source R package StMoMo.
Vehicular Computation Offloading for Industrial Mobile Edge Computing

Due to the limited local computation resource, industrial vehicular computation requires offloading the computation tasks with time-delay sensitive and complex demands to other intelligent devices (IDs) once the data is sensed and collected collaboratively. This article considers offloading partial computation tasks of the industrial vehicles (IVs) to multiple available IDs of the industrial mobile edge computing (MEC), including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and the fixed-position MEC servers, to optimize the system cost including execution time, energy consumption, and the ID rental price. Moreover, to increase the access probability of IV by the UAVs, the geographical area is divided into small partitions and schedule the UAVs regarding the regional IV density dynamically. A minimum incremental task allocation algorithm is proposed to divide the whole task and assign the divided units for the minimum cost increment each time. Experimental results show the proposed solution can significantly reduce the system cost.