Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFYING NETWORK-WIDE CRITICAL TRANSPORTATION LINKS UNDER DISASTER DISRUPTIONS: A MULTI-SCENARIO AND PROBABILITY-BASED SIMULATION APPROACH

Critical infrastructure systems have received significant attention over the past several decades. Transportation system is among many critical lifelines that communities or any urban areas are dependent on. Disruption analysis of transportation infrastructure thus is important to ensure the prevention, preparedness, response and recovery from any risks. In the context of transportation network, identifying critical links under disaster disruption scenario can help guide pre-disaster preparation and post-disaster recovery efforts. Previous studies for disaster-based transportation network analysis were not carried out within a probabilistic context, owing to analysis methods that either look at single link impact or focus on specific disruption scenario. We advance existing knowledge by presenting a probabilistic approach to simulate various disruption scenarios and identify the most critical links within the network. Our method takes advantage of Monte Carlo simulation, network-wide demand modeling, and regression analysis to address the probabilistic nature of disaster effect and capture the joint impact of links failures. Applying to the Salt Lake County transportation network in the State of Utah, our analysis effectively categorizes the links based on their vulnerability and criticality for disaster prevention and preparedness. The proposed method can be easily transferable to different transportation networks regardless of scale, topology, and the type of the disasters that might impose disruption.
Who’s That girl? Facial Appearance Based Inferences

People automatically make inferences from other’s appearance, and there is evidence that personality judgements have substantial accuracy for some traits, such as trustworthiness. However, interpersonal intuition is prone to error, so the validity of appearance-based inferences has been repeatedly questioned, and research has never conclusively established a relationship between facial appearance and participation in criminal activities. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine: 1. participants’ competence to differentiate between criminals and non-criminals based on the facial appearance, 2. gender differences in theability to distinguish between criminals and non-criminals, and 3. associations between confidence in judging others and accuracy of differentiating between criminals and non-criminals. The study was conducted on-line. Convenience sample of 832 adult internet users took part in this study. Participants’ average age was 24, they were mostly females (81%), with at least a high school diploma (55%). Participants had to estimate how much confidence they have in their own judgements of other people, and then if each of 20 presented faces looks like a criminal’s. The average accuracy of (non)criminality ratings for all photographs was 57%. The accuracy of the estimated non-criminality was higher (70%) than the accuracy of the estimated criminality (45%). There were no significant gender differences in the accuracy of (non)criminality ratings. Finally, women were less confident than men in judging unfamiliar faces, and participants who were more confident in their own judgements had a higher accuracy in ratings of criminals and lower accuracy in ratings of non-criminals, but the effect sizes were small.
Interaction of Levitating Microdroplets with Moist Air Flow in the Contact Line Region

ABSTRACT Self-organization of levitating microdroplets of condensate over a liquid–gas interface has been observed in several recent experiments involving evaporation at high heat fluxes, although the nature of this phenomenon is still not completely understood. We conduct an experimental investigation of the behavior of such an ordered array of microdroplets as it approaches a region of intense evaporation near the contact line. Interaction of the array with the local highly nonuniform gas flow results in breakup of the pattern. Some droplets fly over the contact line region and end up above the dry part of the solid substrate, whereas others are trapped before they approach the contact line. Our experimental setup provides a unique tool for investigation of the moist air flow near the contact line by using microdroplets as tracers. Local gas flow velocities near the contact line are obtained based on trajectories of the droplets.
The effect of different irrigation intervals and fertilizers on Common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.)

Common purslane is a warm season plant which has a lot of medicinal properties. An experiment was conducted as a split plot design arranged in completely randomized block design with three replications in the research field of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan during 2015-2016. In this experiment, the main plots consisted of four levels of irrigation intervals (5, 10, 15 and 20 days), and the sub-plots included four different types of fertilizers (no fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, chicken manure, and cow manure). The results indicated that five-day irrigation interval exhibited the best results for the most of the traits. Among different types of fertilizers, chemical fertilizer and chicken manure had relatively the highest dry weight of plant, stem, leaf, stem length, number of sub-stems and leaf protein content. The results of this study revealed that in semi arid region such as Khuzestan with low rainfall, the 10-day irrigation interval could be an appropriate alternative for 5-day irrigation interval. Chicken manure not only provided the highest yield, but also it reduced the amount of chemical fertilizer inputs to the purslane farms. In addition to an acceptable yield, it can be a great step towards environmental health and, finally sustainable agriculture through reducing application of chemical
Resource-Mediated Competition Between Two Plant Species with Different Rates of Water Intake

We propose an extension of the well-known Klausmeier model of vegetation to two plant species that consume water at different rates. Rather than competing directly, the plants compete through their intake of water, which is a shared resource between them. In semi-arid regions, the Klausmeier model produces vegetation spot patterns. We are interested in how the competition for water affects the co-existence and stability of patches of different plant species. We consider two plant types: a “thirsty” species and a “frugal” species, that only differ by the amount of water they consume per unit growth, while being identical in other aspects. We find that there is a finite range of precipitation rate for which two species can co-exist. Outside of that range (when the rate is either sufficiently low or high), the frugal species outcompetes the thirsty species. As the precipitation rate is decreased, there is a sequence of stability thresholds such that thirsty plant patches are the first to die off, while the frugal spots remain resilient for longer. The pattern consisting of only frugal spots is the most resilient. The next-most-resilient pattern consists of all-thirsty patches, with the mixed pattern being less resilient than either of the homogeneous patterns. We also examine numerically what happens for very large precipitation rates. We find that for a sufficiently high rate, the frugal plant takes over the entire range, outcompeting the thirsty plant.
GROUP LIVING, PARENTAL CARE, AGE STRUCTURE, AND GENETIC RELATEDNESS IN LIOLAEMUS LEOPARDINUS, A HIGH-ELEVATION LIZARD FROM THE ANDES OF CHILE By ENRIQUE

Parental care is any form of parental behavior that increases survival of the offspring; this benefit outweighs the cost of parental care. It is well documented that predation is an ecological pressure that triggers such behavior. In this study we documented the behavior of pregnant adult females and neonates of Liolaemus leopardinus, a social, high-elevation, saxicolous, viviparous lizard. The species is endemic to central Chile and its distribution is limited to the presence of rock outcrops above timberline. During March-April, when females give birth, birds are abundant at our study site-El Colorado--where it is very common to see foraging Geositta and Agrionis spp. , known predators of neonate L. leopardinus. Our results from two field seasons during austral late–spring and summer of 2011-12 and 2012-13 suggest that bird predation is the ecological pressure that has caused pregnant females to leave their social groups to seek out protected habitats to give birth underneath flat rocks and protect their frail newborns from potential predators. Additionally, newborns receive indirect benefits (i.e., thermoregulation) from the habitat selected by the mother. The flat rocks are surrounded by dense spiny bushes located in open terrain. Our results on predation pressure measured from clay models suggest that lizards’ vulnerability to bird predation decreases with body size and use of shrubby habitat. The neonates’ secretive behavior contrasts to that exhibited by juveniles and adults, who form groups on open rock outcrops and are rarely attacked by birds.
Can Social Desirability Be Detected Statistically at the Macro-Sociological Level?

While a few have argued that social science has been subject to progressive biases, others have discounted such ideas. However, no one has yet performed empirical tests over a large range of studies for such possible bias, which we label macro-level social desirability (MLSD). Combining the results from fifty-nine empirical studies that assessed rates of nonheterosexuality among children of same-sex parents, we found that the higher the maximum rates reported, the less likely those reports were to have been cited in Google Scholar by counts or by annual rate, which may reflect MLSD. However, after several statistical controls, the association for counts became non-significant, while the association for rates became stronger, although the effect sizes were in a moderate (d = .28 or higher) to large range (d, up to .68) by either analysis. Generally, research quality acted as a suppressor variable for MLSD but was significantly related to both counts and rates of citations, indicating that higher quality articles were more likely to have been cited, even controlling for the number of years since first publication. Higher quality articles were slightly more likely to report higher rates of nonheterosexuality among children of same-sex parents. We discuss implications of our findings and suggest future directions of research.
On the Approximability of Related Machine Scheduling Under Arbitrary Precedence

Distributed computing systems often need to consider the scheduling problem involving a collection of highly dependent data-processing tasks that must work in concert to achieve mission-critical objectives. This paper considers the unrelated machine scheduling problem for minimizing weighted sum completion time under arbitrary precedence constraints and on heterogeneous machines with different processing speeds. The problem is known to be strongly NP-hard even in the single machine setting. By making use of Queyranne’s constraint set and constructing a novel Linear Programming relaxation for the scheduling problem under arbitrary precedence constraints, our results in this paper advance the state of the art. We develop a 2(1 + (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–1)/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>)-approximation algorithm (and 2(1 + (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–1)/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) + 1-approximation) for the scheduling problem with zero release time (and arbitrary release time), where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the number of servers and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the task-skewness product. The algorithm can be efficiently computed in polynomial time using the Ellipsoid method and achieves nearly optimal performance in practice as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${D} > {O}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>(<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) when the number of tasks per job to schedule is sufficiently larger than the number of machines available. Our implementation and evaluation using a heterogeneous testbed and real-world benchmarks confirms significant improvement in weighted sum completion time for dependent computing tasks.
Informed Merger Trading by Investment Bank-Affiliated Mutual Funds

We show that mutual funds buy or increase holdings of merger targets advised by their investment bank affiliate in advance of merger announcements, allowing them to capture positive and significant abnormal returns. Mergers with this informed trading are more likely to be completed successfully. Furthermore, mutual funds are far more likely to liquidate holdings of a target in advance of a merger withdrawal if the fund is affiliated with the target’s investment bank advisor. Our findings provide new information about the nature of information sharing across divisions of financial conglomerates. Results also suggest that information barriers mandated within financial services firms are not entirely effective in isolating material non-public information. EFM Classification Codes: 160, 370, 530, 540
Kinetic Modelling of Betalain Stability and Color Changes in Yogurt During Storage

Assessment of the storage stability of betalains added to food during processing is crucial to estimate the shelf-life of colored food products and the potency of natural food colorants. The stability of beetroot betalains in yogurt during storage was evaluated in this study. Kinetic experiments were conducted at storage temperatures of 4°C, 10°C, and 20°C. The relationships were also determined between the betalain degradation and lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*). First-order kinetics was observed in the betalain degradation, and the changes in color parameters of the yogurt samples fitted zero-order kinetics. The activation energy required for the degradation of betalains and changes in L*, a*, and b* was found as 104.9, 67.6, 76.5, and 86.1 kJ/mol, respectively. The half-life period of the degradation of red beet betalains was found as 51.43, 30.91, and 4.54 days at 4°C, 10°C, and 20°C, respectively. Multiple linear regression models were also established for betalain content and color parameters. There was a decrease in betalain content and a* color value in the yogurt colored with a beetroot extract during storage. A significant positive correlation was found between pH, a* value, and betalain content in yogurt, while a significant negative correlation was found between betalain content and L* and b* values. Further studies need to be carried out to reveal the relationship between color parameters and natural pigments in food systems. *
Post-Surgical Oral Lesions: Oral Hematoma and Traumatic Neuroma

Introduction: Oral traumas and surgery frequently lead to injuries such as neuromas and hematomas. The traumatic neuroma is hyperproliferation of the nervous tissue that could cause pain and alteration of nerve transmission. In the oral cavity the main sites of onset are the mental foramen, the lower lip and the lingual mucosa. The oral hematoma is blood collection within the oral mucous tissue usually caused by surgery. Materials and Methods: PubMed was searched up using the keywords “oral traumatic neuroma” finding 57 results. Works about oral surgery were considered. We also used “neuroma dental implant” finding 10 results. For oral hematoma PubMed was investigated too. Results: In some of the studies included in this review the traumatic neuroma was found following dental extraction; others following chin augmentation and sagittal osteotomy of the mandible. Implant surgery also appears to be linked to the development of traumatic neuromas. Bilateral bifid mandibular canal is a rare anatomic variation which, if present, can lead to the neuroma following surgery of the lower third molar and the placement of dental implants. The vast majority of cases of hematoma are consequent to oral surgery (rarely have spontaneous hematomas have been described in patients taking antiplatelets or anticoagulants). The review by Law et al. highlighted how a malposition of dental implants could lead to the formation of hematomas that require tracheotomy in serious cases. Conclusion: The literature shows a concrete risk of hematoma and traumatic neuroma following oral or maxillofacial surgery. Particular attention should be paid to patients with coagulation abnormalities. Publication History: Received: 04 March 2019| Revised: 02 April 2019|Accepted: 12 April 2019
THE EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION ON THE SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE AMONG SMES IN MALAYSIA

This pilot study is conducted to see whether government intervention affect the sustainable competitive advantage of SMEs in Malaysia or not. It has become imperative since the numbers of SMEs establishment in Malaysia rose every year. However, their sustainability towards competitive advantage was questionable whether it is due to the intervention of the government or their own effort. It was focused on a general question whether government intervention importance among SMEs and provides empirical verification on types of government intervention received by SMEs. In an attempt to contribute to the body of knowledge in this area, this paper collected 30 respondents for pilot testing before commencing the main research study on sustainable competitive advantage. Data were collected from the SMEs of service sector that have been established at least five years in Malaysia through questionnaires. The results show that most SMEs agreed that government intervention is important towards the sustainable competitive advantage and success of SMEs.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO E APLICAÇÃO DOS RESÍDUOS DA CANA DE AÇÚCAR VISANDO À PRODUÇÃO DE ETANOL 2G

vi INTRODUÇÃO GERAL . 1 Capítulo 1: Comparative chemical composition of extractives from eucalyptus versus straw and bagasse sugarcane . 5 Capítulo 2: Characterization of Klason and acid-soluble lignins from sugarcane residues by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PY GC/MS) . 26 Capítulo 3: Production of fermentable sugars from sugarcane bagasse by enzymatic hydrolysis after autohydrolysis and mechanical refining . 39 Capítulo 4: Autohydrolysis pretreatment followed by refining as method to enhance sugar recovery from sugarcane straw for bioethanol production. 63 CONCLUSÕES GERAIS . 87
Accurate Calculation of Stratified Ground Low-Frequency Return Impedance

This paper presents the analytical and numerical calculations of the current distribution and impedance per unit length in real, multi-layer and two-layer homogeneous grounds. Realistic situations consisting of different thicknesses of ground layers were considered in these calculations. Combinations of parameters were considered at frequencies between 50 Hz and 2500 Hz (the 50 harmonic, of the basic frequency). Calculations were conducted by applying a software tool developed previously for a homogeneous ground, based on a combination of analytical and numerical mathematical procedures and modified, using boundary conditions. The problem was also solved numerically by applying the COMSOL Multiphysics software package, based on FEM. The results are validated by comparing them with the results obtained from empirical formulae applied in practical cases.
Study The Effect Of Chemerin Level In Type Ii Diabetic Patients With And Without Retinopathy

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is metabolic disease having great effect on our health. the associated complications of diabetes that included cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, become raised at un regulating glucose. The development of Diabetic retinopathy (DR) has deeply attaching with oxidative damage, inflammation and various pro-angiogenic cytokines. Aim of study: The presented study was designed to assess the effect of serum chemerin levels in type 2 diabetes patients with diabetic retinopathy and without diabetic retinopathy, and its relation to certain biochemical analysis. Patients and methods: A total of 90 subjects participated in this research. They were divided into three groups, with 30 persons in the type 2 diabetic retinopathy group, 30 persons in the type 2 without diabetic retinopathy group, and another 30 healthy persons (aged between 33-55 years) in a control group, for comparison. Studies were carried out at the National Diabetic Center at Al-Mustansirya University. A significant increase in waist circumference, body mass index, fasting blood sugar, glycosylated haemoglobin, C-peptide, homeostasis model assessment-2 insulin resistance, B-cell % and Sensitivity % levels was found in both the type 2 diabetic retinopathy and type 2 without diabetic retinopathy groups, as compared with the control group. Results: Serum chemerin and HS-CRP levels have a highly significant increase different (P
A study of pre-competition anxiety of Taiwan division B male table tennis players

the purpose of the study was to investigate the pre-event anxiety of Taiwan’s table tennis players in men’s division B. Fifty-four male tennis players from four different schools served as subjects of the study. With Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT, Lu Chun-Hong’s version) and Competition State Anxiety Scale-II (CSAI-2, Huang Ying-Zhe’s version) as analyzing tools, data were further verified by applying descriptive statistics and Pearson productmoment correlation. Study results could be concluded as followed: 1. ‘Trait anxiety’, ‘pre-event cognitive anxiety’ and ‘pre-event somatic anxiety’ showed positive correlation. They showed, however, negative correlation with ‘selfconfidence’. 2. ‘Pre-event cognitive anxiety’ and ‘pre-event somatic anxiety’ were positively-correlated. They were, however, negatively-correlated with ‘self-confidence’. 3. ‘Pre-event somatic anxiety’ and ‘self-confidence’ were negatively correlated.
Reflective Decoding: Beyond Unidirectional Generation with Off-the-Shelf Language Models

Publicly available, large pretrained Language Models (LMs) generate text with remarkable quality, but only sequentially from left to right. As a result, they are not immediately applicable to generation tasks that break the unidirectional assumption, such as paraphrasing or text-infilling, necessitating task-specific supervision. In this paper, we present Reflective Decoding, a novel unsupervised algorithm that allows for direct application of unidirectional LMs to non-sequential tasks. Our 2-step approach requires no supervision or even parallel corpora, only two off-the-shelf pretrained LMs in opposite directions: forward and backward. First, in the contextualization step, we use LMs to generate ensembles of past and future contexts which collectively capture the input (e.g. the source sentence for paraphrasing). Second, in the reflection step, we condition on these “context ensembles”, generating outputs that are compatible with them. Comprehensive empirical results demonstrate that Reflective Decoding outperforms strong unsupervised baselines on both paraphrasing and abductive text infilling, significantly narrowing the gap between unsupervised and supervised methods. Reflective Decoding surpasses multiple supervised baselines on various metrics including human evaluation.