Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Noma: Experiences of Survivors, Opinion Leaders and Healthcare Professionals in Burkina Faso

The scientific literature on noma (Cancrum Oris) has clearly increased in recent decades, but there seems to have been limited analysis of issues around the psycho-social impacts of this disease. Even when these issues have been addressed, the focus has tended to be on patient experiences, whereas the community dimension of the disease and the role of healthcare professionals and community leaders in mitigating these impacts remain largely unexplored. A study in the form of semi-directed interviews with 20 noma survivors and 10 healthcare professionals and community leaders was conducted between January and March 2021 in Burkina Faso with the aim of describing the experiences of noma survivors, generating knowledge about living with the burden of the disease and understanding the attitudes of community leaders towards the disease. The results reveal that noma is a disease that affects economically vulnerable populations and leads to extreme household poverty. As far as treatment is concerned, patients tend to turn to practitioners of both traditional and modern medicine. Within communities, noma survivors face discrimination and stigma. The study highlighted a lack of information and knowledge about noma. However, surgical operations lead to patient satisfaction and these remain one of the coping strategies used to tackle the stigma and discrimination. The recommendations set out in this article are aimed firstly at stepping up research into the psycho-social impacts of noma, and secondly at considering these impacts in regional programmes and national plans to combat the disease.
Lead‐contaminated water from brass plumbing devices in new buildings

Lead contamination of potable water in new buildings on the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill campus was traced to corrosion of inline brass plumbing devices. Commissioning procedures to remove lead sediment and hasten brass passivation were developed. Forensic evaluation of a water fountain dispensing > 100 μg/L lead in flushed water after commissioning led to the discovery of ball valves containing brass with > 8% lead by weight on exterior surfaces and > 18% on surfaces contacting the water. Removing these ball valves resolved the lead problems, bench‐testing verified that the valves had a high lead‐leaching propensity, and subsequent surveying of ball valves in three buildings found 22% contained exterior surface lead > 8%. Significant lead‐leaching problems can occur when: (1) the water is at least moderately corrosive to brass, (2) brass with a high lead content is present, and (3) premise plumbing lines have relatively low water demand.
Clinical experience with tocilizumab in the treatment of pregnant woman with severe COVID-19

The aim of the work – to present a case of positive use of tocilizumab in the treatment of pregnant woman with severe COVID-19. Materials and methods. A self-observation clinical case of severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in pregnant K. , 40 years old, who was treated at Municipal Non-Profit Enterprise “Regional Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital” of Zaporizhzhia Regional Council. The patient was treated in accordance with the “Protocol for the provision of medical care for the treatment of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)”. Results. Our own clinical observation demonstrates the formation of severe COVID-19 in a 40-year-old pregnant woman in the second trimester of pregnancy. Combination treatment with glucocorticoids in the presence of oxygen dependence on the 11th day of the disease was ineffective for two days of clinical and laboratory parameters monitoring, which required a decision on the additional appointment of tocilizumab. The development of “cytokine storm” clinical and laboratory signs on the 12th day of the disease was evidenced by the preservation of fever in the range of 37.5–37.8 °C, no regression of oxygen dependence. According to laboratory data, an increase in the severity of lymphopenia as a relative quantity – up to 5 % and absolute quantity – up to 0.5 × 109/l, an increase in fibrinogen – up to 5.8 g/l and D-dimer – up to 1.9 ng/ml, high level of C-reactive protein – up to 190 mg/l. These data justify the additional use of tocilizumab, which was administered at a dose of 8 mg/kg in the absence of contraindications. Tocilizumab administration was effective, contributing to oxygen dependence regression and recovery of laboratory parameters within a week. Conclusions. Our own clinical observation demonstrates the formation of severe COVID-19 in pregnant woman in the second trimester of pregnancy. Due to the ineffectiveness of glucocorticosteroid therapy and the presence of clear clinical and laboratory signs of “cytokine storm” on the 12th day of the disease, the use of tocilizumab was effective, which contributed to the oxygen dependence regression and recovery of laboratory parameters within a week. Treatment of pregnant woman with severe COVID-19 requires adherence to existing protocols.
Graph colorings with constraints

Hulgan, Jonathan Darren. Ph.D. The University of Memphis. May, 2010. Graph Colorings with Constraints. Major Professor: Jenő Lehel. A graph is a collection of vertices and edges, often represented by points and connecting lines in the plane. A proper coloring of the graph assigns colors to the vertices, edges, or both so that proximal elements are assigned distinct colors. Here we examine results from three different coloring problems. First, adjacent vertex distinguishing total colorings are proper total colorings such that the set of colors appearing at each vertex is distinct for every pair of adjacent vertices. Next, vertex coloring total weightings are an assignment of weights to the vertices and edges of a graph so that every pair of adjacent vertices have distinct weight sums. Finally, edge list multi-colorings consider assignments of color lists and demands to edges; edges are colored with a subset of their color list of size equal to its color demand so that adjacent edges have disjoint sets. Here, color sets consisting of measurable sets are considered.
A Systematic Survey of Driving Fatigue Monitoring

The appearance of fatigue is not conducive to driving activities because this state can affect driving performance and even cause life-threatening consequences. To reduce various traffic accidents caused by fatigue, researchers began to explore effective fatigue monitoring systems to detect this unfavorable state early. This paper systematically surveys the research on driving fatigue monitoring from three aspects: data acquisition, feature extraction, and fatigue assessment. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the differences between active and passive fatigue, fatigue and sleepiness, as well as fatigue and transportation scenarios. Finally, some open issues on driving fatigue monitoring are proposed, which will be the key research directions for future developments.
A 2-Layer Transistor Pixel Stacked CMOS Image Sensor with Oxide-Based Full Trench Isolation for Large Full Well Capacity and High Quantum Efficiency

Herein, the development of a 2-Layer Transistor Pixel stacked CMOS image sensor (CIS) that possesses a large full well capacity (FWC) and high quantum efficiency (QE) is demonstrated. Photodiodes (PDs) and pixel transistors are fabricated on different Si layers by a three-dimensional sequential integration process to increase the PD volumes, and new sublocal connections that connect multiple floating diffusions are introduced to improve the conversion gain and random noise. Silicon oxide is used as the embedded material for full trench isolations (FTIs) for the first time instead of conventional poly-Si to prevent light from being absorbed by the FTIs, and the QE at a wavelength of 530 nm increases by 19%. We have demonstrated a 1.0 μm dual PD CIS with an FWC of 12,000 e-, much larger than the previous CISs with larger pixel sizes.
Projective resolutions of representations of GL (n).

The representations of the algebraic group GL(n) are well understood over a field of characteristic 0, but they are much more complicated in characteristic p (or over the integers), essentially because there can be nontrivial extensions between two representations. Akin-Buchsbaum [2] and Donkin [10] improved matters by showing that the category P (n, r) of polynomial GL(F)-modules (n = dim V) which are homogeneous of fixed degree r, such äs ® , AV9 S"T, the irreducible subquotients of these modules, and so on, has finite global dimension. That is, there is an integer N depending on r and n = dim V such that every polynomial GL(F)-module of degree r has a resolution of length ^N by projective objects in the category of degree-r representations of CL(F). An equivalent Statement is that for polynomial representations A, B of degree r,
Therapeutic Potential of Different Natural Products for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

A high incidence of dementia (60–80%) and a high rate of memory loss are two of the most common symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which affects the elderly. Researchers have recommended that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Indian medicines can be used to prevent and cure AD. Several studies have linked neuroinflammation linked to amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. As a result, more research is needed to determine the role of inflammation in neurodegeneration. Increased microglial activation, cytokine production, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) all play a role in the inflammatory process of AD. This review focuses on the role of neuroinflammation in neuroprotection and the molecular processes used by diverse natural substances, phytochemicals, and herbal formulations in distinct signaling pathways. Currently, researchers are focusing on pharmacologically active natural compounds with the anti-neuroinflammatory potential, making them a possible contender for treating AD. Furthermore, the researchers investigated the limits of past studies on TCM, Indian Ayurveda, and AD. Numerous studies have been carried out to examine the effects of medicinal whole-plant extracts on AD. Clinical investigations have shown that lignans, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, triterpenoids, sterols, and alkaloids have anti-inflammatory, antiamyloidogenic, anticholinesterase, and antioxidant properties. This review summarizes information about numerous medicinal plants and isolated compounds used in the treatment of AD and a list of further references.
Characteristics of Red Melinjo Peel Powder Encapsulate with Spray Drying Method

Melinjo peel contains ascorbic acid, flavonoids, phenolics, lycopene, and β-carotene. The method of handling to reduce melinjo peel and preserve the active compounds is by powder encapsulation. Encapsulation is a way to protect the active compound and extend the shelf life of melinjo peel. The method used is spray drying, which can turn the liquid into a powder by heating with the help of a coating agent such as maltodextrin. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in concentration of maltodextrin (4, 6, 8%) and temperature of spray dry (135, 145, 155, 165°C) on the physical and chemical characteristics of encapsulated powder of red melinjo peel. Analysis of red melinjo peel powder had 1.69% moisture content, 5.96 mg GAE/g total phenolic, 0.53 mg QE/g total flavonoids, 31.36% solubility, 55.98 μm particle size, and antioxidant activity (IC50) 42.694 ppm. While the analysis of the selected encapsulates, which is encapsulates with a maltodextrin concentration of 8% and a spray dry temperature of 135°C had 0,09% moisture content, 1.0683 mg GAE/g total phenolic, 99.8050% encapsulation efficiency, 0.1777 mg QE/g total flavonoid, 92.3663% solubility, 212.93 μm particle size, and 121.389, 7132 ppm of antioxidant activity (IC50). The increase in maltodextrin concentration and spray dry temperature causes the encapsulation efficiency, solubility, and particle size of encapsulation to increase but cause the moisture content, total phenolic, and total flavonoid encapsulation to decrease.
A Reverse Mutation E143K within the PrM Protein of Zika Virus Asian Lineage Natal RGN Strain Increases Infectivity and Cytopathicity

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus in the Flaviviridae, which is classified into two different lineages Asian and African. The outbreak of ZIKV Asian lineage isolates in 2015–2016 is associated with the increase in cases with prenatal microcephaly and Guillain–Barré syndrome, and has sparked attention throughout the world. Genome sequence alignment and the analysis of Asian and African lineage isolates indicate that amino acid changes, particular in positively charged amino acid substitutions in the pr region of prM protein might involve a phenotypic change that links with the global outbreak of ZIKV Asian-lineage. The study generated and characterized the virological properties of wild type and mutants of single-round infectious particles (SRIPs) and infectious clones (i.c.s) of ZIKV Asian-lineage Natal RGN strain, and then identified the function of amino acid substitutions at the positions 139 [Asn139→Ser139 (N139S)] and 143 [Glu143→Lys143 (E143K)] in ZIKV polyproteins (located within the pr region of prM protein) in the infectivity and cytopathogenicity. The E143K SRIP and i.c. of Natal RGN strain exhibited relatively higher levels of cytopathic effect, EGFP reporter, viral RNA and protein synthesis, and virus yield in three types of human cell lines, TE617, SF268 and HMC3, compared to wild type (WT), N139S SRIPs and i.c. s, which displayed more efficiency in replication kinetics. Additionally, E143K Natal RGN i.c. had greater activities of virus attachment and entry, yielded higher titers of intracellular and extracellular virions, and assembled the E proteins near to the plasma membrane in infected cells than the other i.c. s. The results indicate that the positively charged amino acid residue Lys143, a conserved residue in the pr region of prM of ZIKV African lineages, plays a crucial role in viral replication kinetics, including viral attachment, entry, assembly and egress. Thus, the negatively charged amino acid residue Glu143 within the pr region of prM leads to an alteration of the phenotypes, in particular, a lower replication efficiency of ZIKV Asian-lineage isolates with the attenuation of infectivity and cytopathicity.
MEDIATING MATHEMATICS: RULES AND OTHER THINGS IN CARIBBEAN CLASSROOMS

This paper seeks to explore the association, if any, amongst mediational means, cultural capital, and students' approaches to mathematics in a Caribbean setting. On a macro-level, student outcomes in mathematics by school type (a crude indicator of social class) suggest that there is a link between these outcomes and social class (itself an indicator of cultural capital). Micro-level analysis via the lens of an algebra question showed some variation in how students made use of rules in attempting the question, and this along the lines of school type. It is posited that the way rules are used as mediational means in mathematics is structured in part by students' cultural capital, and that this, cultural capital, provides an explanatory model in this context for the observed differences in mathematical achievement. INTRODUCTION Rules mediate the doing of mathematics in that they transform and ideally facilitate problem solving activities. The mediating role of rules in mathematics was brought to the fore during student group interviews conducted as part of data collection for an ongoing PhD study. In attempting an algebra question given during these interviews, rules were seen to structure students' approaches to working the question, and to both facilitate and constrain the ways in which students went about providing a 'solution'. A more in depth analysis of the exercise seemed to suggest that there may be more going on with how different student groups made use of rules, and in particular that students were perhaps drawing on things or resources available to them outside the context of mathematics per se and these things were mediating (structuring) the ways in which they approached working the question. These other things may be considered a part of students' cultural capital, and as such led to the idea of cultural capital influencing the ways in which students make use of mediational means. This paper will focus on students' use of rules in their approach to the algebra question. The literature provided some conceptions of mediation and cultural capital. For mediation in relation to a task, this has been conceived as an actor's achieving coordination with something that structures her/his behaviour in doing the task; this something is not necessarily a part of the task domain (Hutchins, 1997, p38). According to Bourdieu (1997, p47), the notion of cultural capital was conceived as 'a theoretical hypothesis' to explain differences in the observed academic achievement of children from different social classes by relating success in academia to the gains children in these social classes can obtain in educational markets due to how cultural capital is distributed amongst classes. In bringing out his conception of cultural capital, Bourdieu reclaimed the word 'capital', seeking to delimit the usual economic sense of its use, seeing capital as 'accumulated labor' (ibid, p46). If one then starts
Perceptions and Discussions of Snus on Twitter: Observational Study

Background With the increasing popularity of snus, it is essential to understand the public perception of this oral tobacco product. Twitter—a popular social media platform that is being used to share personal experiences and opinions—provides an ideal data source for studying the public perception of snus. Objective This study aims to examine public perceptions and discussions of snus on Twitter. Methods Twitter posts (tweets) about snus were collected through the Twitter streaming application programming interface from March 11, 2021, to February 26, 2022. A temporal analysis was conducted to examine the change in number of snus-related tweets over time. A sentiment analysis was conducted to examine the sentiments of snus-related tweets. Topic modeling was applied to tweets to determine popular topics. Finally, a keyword search and hand-coding were used to understand the health symptoms mentioned in snus-related tweets. Results The sentiment analysis showed that the proportion of snus-related tweets with a positive sentiment was significantly higher than the proportion of negative sentiment tweets (4341/11,631, 37.32% vs 3094/11,631, 26.60%; P<.001). The topic modeling analysis revealed that positive tweets focused on snus’s harm reduction and snus use being an alternative to smoking, while negative tweets focused on health concerns related to snus. Mouth and respiratory symptoms were the most mentioned health symptoms in snus-related tweets. Conclusions This study examined the public perception of snus and popular snus-related topics discussed on Twitter, thus providing a guide for policy makers with regard to the future formulation and adjustment of tobacco regulation policies.
The Impact of Digital Screen Time on Dietary Habits and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents

Background: Over the last few decades, the time children spend using electronic devices has increased significantly. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of screen time on dietary behaviors and physical activity in children and adolescents. Methods: An online survey was conducted among parents of preschool and school-aged children during the COVID-19 lockdown in Poland. There were 3127 surveys used in the analysis. Results: Survey responses referred to 1662 (53%) boys and 1465 (47%) girls, with a mean age of 12.1 ± 3.4 years. During a routine weekday, most children (71%) spent >4 h on educational activities using electronic devices, and 43% of children spent 1–2 h using devices for recreational purposes. The majority of children (89%) were exposed to screens during meals, and ate snacks between main meals (77%). There was an association between screen time and the exposure to screens during meals, and between screen time and time spent performing physical activity. Conclusions: This study revealed that the majority of children were exposed to screens during meals, which is a risk factor of obesity. The promotion of the judicious use of digital devices and healthy dietary habits associated with the use of screens may be an important component of obesity prevention strategies.
Knowledge and Awareness of Polish Parents on Vaccination against Human Papillomavirus

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccinations are rare among Polish children, and the reasons are scant. The objective was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and awareness of parents about HPV vaccination to investigate reasons for low HPV vaccination coverage. Methods: 387 parents of children hospitalized at the Children’s Hospital were asked to participate in an anonymous and voluntary survey study. Three hundred and two surveys were returned. Results: Only 54% of participants have heard about HPV, while 26% know that it is a sexually transmitted disease. According to 71% of responders, vaccines are generally effective, and 63% claim that they are safe. However, only 5% of daughters and 4% of sons are vaccinated against HPV. A total of 25% of parents spoke with their doctor about HPV-related diseases and prevention methods. A higher level of education (p = 0.01), knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases (p < 0.0001), perceiving vaccination as an effective and safe prophylactic method (p < 0.0001), and conversations with a doctor (p < 0.0001) are strong motivators to vaccinate children against HPV. This decision is free of religious beliefs, origin, age, gender and the number of children. Conclusions: Polish parents have a positive attitude towards vaccination. They recognize the limitations of their knowledge and express a desire to further it. Educational activity is an important element of physicians’ work.
Investigation into Thermomechanical Response of Polymer Composite Materials Produced through Additive Manufacturing Technologies

This paper presents the static mechanical behavior and the dynamic thermomechanical properties of four market-available reinforced and non-reinforced thermoplastics and photopolymer materials used as precursors in different additive manufacturing technologies. This article proposes a characterization approach to further address development of aeronautic secondary structures via 3D-printed composite materials replacing conventional manufactured carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. Different 3D printing materials, technologies, printing directions, and parameters were investigated. Experimental results showed that carbon-reinforced ONYX_R material exhibits a transition point at 114 °C, a 600 MPa tensile strength, and an average tensile strain of 2.5%, comparable with conventional CFRP composites manufactured via autoclave, making it a suitable candidate for replacing CFRP composites, in the aim of taking advantage of 3D printing technologies. ONYX material exhibits higher stiffness than Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer (ABS), or conventional Nylon 6/6 polyamide, the flexural modulus being 2.5 GPa; nevertheless, the 27 °C determined transition temperature limits its stability at higher temperature. Daylight High Tensile (further called HTS) resin exhibits a tensile strength and strain increase when shifting the printing direction from transversal to longitudinal, while no effect was observed in HighTemp DL400 resin (further called HTP).