Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Follow-Up Schedule for Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Radiofrequency Ablation

Methods A Markov model was established to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of every 2 months or 2-3 months (2- to 3-month group) versus every 3 months or 3-4 months (3- to 4-month group) posttreatment surveillance in the first two years for HCC after RFA. Transition probabilities and utility values were derived from the literature review. Costs of follow-up were estimated from our institution. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), which was less than $10888 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), was considered cost-effective. Sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the uncertainty of the model. Results The 2- to 3-month group gained 1.196 QALYs at a cost of $2212.66, while the effectiveness and cost of the 3- to 4-month group were 1.029 QALYs and $1268.92, respectively. The ICER of the 2- to 3-month group versus the 3- to 4-month group was $5651.14 per QALY gained, which was less than the willingness-to-pay threshold of 1-time gross domestic product per capita of China ($10888/QALY). One-way sensitivity analysis showed that the model was most sensitive to the utility of progression-free survival. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the 2- to 3-month group had a higher probability of being more cost-effective than the 3- to 4-month group when willingness to pay was over $1088.8. Conclusions Every 2 months or 2-3 months of follow-up intervals were more cost-effective than 3 months or 3-4 months of follow-up intervals. Thus, the intensive follow-up interval in the first two years was recommended for Child-Pugh class A or B HCC patients within the Milan criteria following RFA.
Decentralized Self-adaptation in the Presence of Partial Knowledge with Reduced Coordination Overhead

Decentralized self-adaptive systems consist of multiple control loops that adapt some local and system-level global goals of each locally managed system or component in a decentralized setting. As each component works together in a decentralized environment, a control loop cannot take adaptation decisions independently. Therefore, all the control loops need to exchange their adaptation decisions to infer a global knowledge about the system. Decentralized self-adaptation approaches in the literature uses the global knowledge to take decisions that optimize both local and global goals. However, coordinating in such an unbounded manner impairs scalability. This paper proposes a decentralized self-adaptation technique using reinforcement learning that incorporates partial knowledge in order to reduce coordination overhead. The Q-learning algorithm based on Interaction Driven Markov Games is utilized to take adaptation decisions as it enables coordination only when it is beneficial. Rather than using unbounded number of peers, the adaptation control loop coordinates with a single peer control loop. The proposed approach was evaluated on a service-based Tele Assistance System. It was compared to random, independent and multiagent learners that assume global knowledge. It was observed that, in all cases, the proposed approach conformed to both local and global goals while maintaining comparatively lower coordination overhead.
Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan, Pendidikan Keuangan di Keluarga, Uang Saku terhadap Perilaku Pengelolaan Keuangan dengan Financial Self-Efficacy sebagai Variabel Intervening

This study aims to analyze the effect of financial literacy, financial education in the family, and pocket money on financial management behavior through financial self-efficacy, either directly or indirectly. This type of research is quantitative research. The population in this research is active students of the Faculty of Economics and Business, State University of Surabaya. The sampling technique used purposive sampling and obtained 170 students as respondents. The data collection method used a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used instrument test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, path analysis with SPSS 24. The results of the study were as follows: (1) financial literacy has no effect on financial management behavior either directly or through financial self-efficacy (2) financial education in the family has a positive effect on financial management behavior both directly and through financial self-efficacy (3) pocket money has an effect on financial management behavior both directly and through financial self-efficacy (4) financial self-efficacy has a significant positive effect on financial management behavior.
Language dominance and order of acquisition affect auditory translation priming in heritage speakers

Late second language (L2) learners show translation priming from the first language (L1) to the second language (L1–L2), while L2–L1 effects are inconsistent. Late L2 learners also acquire the L2 after the L1 and are typically less dominant in the L2. As such, the relative contribution of language dominance and order of acquisition is confounded in these results. Here, Cantonese heritage and native speakers are tested in an auditory translation priming paradigm. As heritage speakers first learn Cantonese (L1) but later become dominant in English (L2), this profile allows for the potential dissociation of dominance and order of acquisition in translation priming. If order of acquisition is the primary factor, stronger priming is expected in the L1–L2 (Cantonese–English) direction; however, if dominance plays a stronger role, priming is expected in the L2–L1 (English–Cantonese) direction. Native speakers showed stronger L1–L2 priming, consistent with previous findings, while heritage speakers showed priming in both directions, and marginally larger L2–L1 priming. Treating language dominance as a continuous variable revealed that L1–L2 priming correlated with increased Cantonese dominance, while L2–L1 priming marginally correlated with increased English dominance. Collectively, these results suggest that both language dominance and order of acquisition help explain translation priming findings and bilingual lexical processing, generally. Overall, they invite a rethinking of the role of both variables in bilingual lexical access for speakers with different language dominance profiles.
Research on the Relationship between Audit Risk Assessment and Risk Governance: Evidence from Tunisia

ABSTRACT The study examines the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and audit risk in firms listed on the Tunisian Stock Exchange (TSE). The study covers the period 2006–2013. Panel regression analysis was used to estimate the relationship between corporate governance variables and audit risk. The results show that board size, board independence and institutional ownership were negatively related to audit risk. It is also discovered that audit risk index level increases as poor corporate governance. These findings may have important implications for analysts, investors, regulators and academics. First, the identifying factors that may influence the audit risk can help guide the reforms to improve the functioning of the financial market. Second, the study provides ample evidence of risk governance problems in the Tunisian market, highlighting the necessity of new corporate governance requirements. This study is unique in providing Tunisian evidence on the effect of corporate governance on audit risk. This paper is also relevant as it develops an index of audit risk and risk corporate governance.
Pengaruh Financial Knowledge, Financial Attitude, Financial Self Efficacy, Income, Locus of Control, dan Lifestyle terhadap Financial Management Behavior Generasi Z di Kota Surabaya

The research of this study investigates financial management behavior among adolescents aged 9 to 24 years or referred to as Generation Z in the city of Surabaya, it also analyzes the relationship between financial knowledge, financial attitude, financial self-efficacy, income, locus of control, and lifestyle. Theobject of this research is Generation Z in Surabaya and used the technique of purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The number of respondents obtained was 320 respondents by distributing questionnaires online. This research is conclusive causality and uses the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis technique in the AMOS software. The results show that financial knowledge, financial attitude, and financial self-efficacy have no effect on financial management behavior, it proves that although financial knowledge, financial attitude, and financial self-efficacy of respondents in a good category cannot guarantee that their financial management behavior will be good and vice versa. While the income, locus of control and lifestyle has asignificant impact on financial management behavior. because the sample dominant is 18 to 22 year-olds and almost all of them have the highest income <Rp1.500. 000 in one month or it can be said that they are not financially independent so they can not manage financial independence to the greatest extent and do not have much experience related to finance. It was also caused by female respondents who often engage in implusive buying. This study could be useful references for various parties, especially Generation Z, to be responsible for making financial decisions and wise in managing their finances.
Rethinking the choice between core and headline ination: Does it matter which one to target?

This study addresses two important questions relating to the appropriate measure of ination for monetary policy purposes: (1) whether core ination is statistically di¤erent from headline ination in estimating underlying ination; and (2) whether core ination is a better predictor of future headline ination. Our answer to both questions is No. We nd that headline ination is not statistically di¤erent from popular alternative measures of ination, such as core or trimmed-mean ination in providing information on underlying ination. Notwithstanding the statistical equivalence, however, core ination is still preferred due to its lower volatility than headline ination, reinforcing the original view. When it comes to forecasting future headline ination, we nd that core ination is not necessarily superior to headline ination within the framework of the conventional univariate forecasting model. Moreover, our results suggest that multivariate forecasting models deliver signi cantly more accurate forecasts of headline ination than their univariate counterparts. Keywords: Headline ination, core ination, monetary policy, weights, forecasting. JEL Classi cation Numbers: E31,E37 Corresponding author. E-mail: Jianningkong@gmail.com. We bene ted from helpful comments from Róisín OSullivan, the seminar participants at DePaul University, and the session participants at the Southern Economic Association Meeting in Washington D.C. We are also grateful to Mark Watson for sharing the Matlab codes. Any errors or omissions are the responsibility of the authors.
Depression, Insomnia and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in COVID-19 Survivors: Role of Gender and Impact on Quality of Life

Evidence to date suggests that a significant proportion of COVID-19 patients experience adverse psychological outcomes and neuropsychiatric complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent hospitalization on the mental health, sleep, and quality of life of COVID-19 survivors. Patients were assessed 1–2 months after hospital discharge using standardized screening tools for depression and anxiety (HADS), post-traumatic stress disorder (IES-R), insomnia (AIS), and quality of life (EQ-5D-5L). Sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, disease severity and type of hospitalization were also collected. Amongst the 143 patients included, mental health symptoms were common (depression—19%; anxiety—27%; traumatic stress—39%; insomnia—33%) and more frequently reported in female than in male patients. Age, smoking status, comorbidities and illness severity were not found to significantly correlate with the presence of mood, sleep, or stress disorders. Finally, quality of life was worse for patients requiring ICU (p = 0.0057) or a longer hospital stay (p < 0.001) but was unaffected by factors such as sex and other measured outcomes. These findings highlight the need for appropriate intervention to properly manage the immediate and enduring mental health complications of COVID-19.
Underestimation in Reporting Excess COVID-19 Death Data in Poland during the First Three Pandemic Waves

The issue whether official Polish COVID-19 death statistics correctly reflect the actual number of deaths is a contentious issue in public discourse and an important policy-wise question in Poland although it has not been the subject of thorough research so far. There had been clearly elevated excess mortality—5100 (death rate of 2.3 per 10,000) during the first wave, 77,500 (21.0 per 10,000) during the second one, and 48,900 (13.5 per 10,000) in the third. This study finds that during the second and the third pandemic wave, our data on excess mortality will match very well the somewhat belatedly officially reported COVID-19 deaths if we assume that only 60% of cases were officially detected. Based on principal component analysis of death timing, except for the age bracket below 40, where COVID-19 deaths calculated on the basis of our model explain 55% of excess mortality, for the remaining age groups, combined COVID-19 deaths explain 95% of excess mortality. Based on the share of excess mortality attributable to COVID-19 during the second wave, this infection in Poland caused the death of 73,300 people and not of 37,600 as officially reported. The third wave caused 46,200 deaths instead of the reported 34,700. The first wave was, indeed, as officially reported, very mild, and the number of excess deaths was too low to be used to calculate COVID-19 deaths directly. However, assuming that the detection rate remained comparable to the average in subsequent waves, we can set the number of deaths at 3500 instead of the reported 2100.
"Various approaches to postmarketing drug safety monitoring"

Before being launched on the market, a medicinal product must have been demonstrated of good quality, effective and safe. However, rare adverse drug reactions or those occurring after long-term use may not always be detected during the clinical development of a drug. Therefore, continuous drug safety monitoring, or pharmacovigilance, is essential during the whole lifecycle of a drug, including after the market authorization. This thesis provides an overview of different tools available for the postmarketing surveillance of drug safety. Classic pharmacovigilance is based on spontaneous reports of individual cases. Postmarketing studies are also useful to evaluate safety in certain populations (e.g. children, pregnant women, elderly) or to assess the impact of certain risk factors (e.g. pharmacogenetics). On the other hand, drug-drug interaction can lead to toxicity or to therapeutic failure when the systemic exposure of the victim drug is modified by a perpetrator drug. Finally, data and text mining strategies are useful when a large amount of data have to be explored, such as global pharmacovigilance databases, electronic [. ] ING LORENZINI, Kuntheavy. Various approaches to postmarketing drug safety monitoring. Thèse de privat-docent : Univ. Genève, 2021 DOI : 10.13097/archive-ouverte/unige:157430
Analogy Generation by Prompting Large Language Models: A Case Study of InstructGPT

We propose a novel application of prompting Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) to generate analogies and study how to design effective prompts for two task settings: generating a source concept analogous to a given target concept (aka Analogous Concept Generation or ACG), and generating an explanation of the similarity between a given pair of target concept and source concept (aka Analogous Explanation Generation or AEG). We found that it is feasible to prompt InstructGPT to generate meaningful analogies and the best prompts tend to be precise imperative statements especially with a low temperature setting. We also systematically analyzed the sensitivity of the InstructGPT model to prompt design, temperature, and injected spelling errors, and found that the model is particularly sensitive to certain variations (e.g., questions vs. imperative statements). Further, we conducted human evaluation on 1.4k of the generated analogies and found that the quality of generations varies substantially by model size. The largest InstructGPT model can achieve human-level performance at generating meaningful analogies for a given target while there is still room for improvement on the AEG task.
Bilinear value networks

The dominant framework for off-policy multi-goal reinforcement learning involves estimating goal conditioned Q-value function. When learning to achieve multiple goals, data efficiency is intimately connected with the generalization of the Q-function to new goals. The de-facto paradigm is to approximate Q(s, a, g) using monolithic neural networks. To improve the generalization of the Q-function, we propose a bilinear decomposition that represents the Q-value via a low-rank approximation in the form of a dot product between two vector fields. The first vector field, f(s, a), captures the environment's local dynamics at the state s; whereas the second component, {\phi}(s, g), captures the global relationship between the current state and the goal. We show that our bilinear decomposition scheme substantially improves data efficiency, and has superior transfer to out-of-distribution goals compared to prior methods. Empirical evidence is provided on the simulated Fetch robot task-suite and dexterous manipulation with a Shadow hand.
Abstract. To improve the treatment strategy of immune‐check‐ point inhibitors for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a comprehensive analysis of programmed death‐ligand (PD‐L)1 and PD‐L2 expression is clinically important. The expression of PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 on both tumor cells (TCs)

To improve the treatment strategy of immune‐check‐ point inhibitors for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a comprehensive analysis of programmed death‐ligand (PD‐L)1 and PD‐L2 expression is clinically important. The expression of PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 on both tumor cells (TCs) and tumor‐infiltrating immune cells (ICs) was investigated, with respect to tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and M2 tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs), which are key components of the tumor microenvironment, in 175 patients with resected NSCLC. The TIL and M2 TAM densities were associated with the expression of PD‐L1 on the two TCs (both P<0.0001) and ICs (both P<0.0001). The TIL and M2 TAM densities were also associated with the expression of PD‐L2 on both TCs (P=0.0494 and P=0.0452, respectively) and ICs (P=0.0048 and P=0.0125, respectively). However, there was no correlation between the percentage of PD‐L1‐positive TCs and the percentage of PD‐L2‐positive TCs (r=0.019; P=0.8049). Meanwhile, tumor differentiation was significantly associated with the PD‐L1 expression on TCs and ICs (P=0.0002 and P<0.0001, respectively). By contrast, tumor differentiation was inversely associated with the PD‐L2 expression on both TCs and ICs (P=0.0260 and P=0.0326, respectively). In conclusion, the combined evaluation of PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 expression could be clinically important in the treatment strategy of immune‐checkpoint inhibitors in patients with NSCLC. In particular, the evaluation of PD‐L2 expression may be neces‐ sary for patients with PD‐L1‐negative NSCLC.
Association of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy with Severe Preeclamsia

The outcome of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is highly variable. The strong epidemiological relationship is observed between Preeclampsia (PE) and peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). Echocardiography forms essential diagnostic tool to diagnose PPCM. It is useful for early diagnosis as well as prognosis of the disease when performed in suspected subjects. The aim of our study is to see the association between preeclampsia and peripartum cardiomyopathy with the help of Echocardiography which will help in early diagnosis of patients. We investigated total 260 study subjects with severe preeclampsia with the help of echocardiography and diagnosed 24 new patients with PPCM. The current study demonstrates that hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is a strong risk factor for the development of PPCM. The results of the study also support the novel concept that PE and PPCM share a standard antivascular pathobiology. Effectiveness of echocardiography obviates the need for invasive cardiac catheterization and help in prompt diagnosis.
The role of Pentraxin-3 and Angiopoietin-1 in the inflammation pathway in chronic kidney disease

Aim: Angiopoetin-1 and Pentraxin-3 are new generation biomarkers in the inflammation pathway that have been studied in CKD and other inflammatory diseases. This study aims to investigate the relationship of Pentraxin-3 and Angiopoetin-1 in the inflammation pathway in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and Methods: Our study was planned single-center, prospective, crosssectional study. This study includes 25 healthy volunteers, 29 predialysis cases, 34 cases in routine hemodialysis program.Blood was drawn after 12 hours of fasting. In addition to routine biochemical tests, Pentraxin-3 Angiopoetin-1, 1,25 hydroxy Vitamin D levels were measured. Age and gender parameters, BUN, creatinine, e-GFR values of the cases were recorded. Results: Pentraxin-3 levels were not statistically significant for all three groups (p = 0.993). For angiopoietin-1 levels, statistical significance was found between all three groups (p < 0.001). While 25 hydroxy Vit D levels were not statistically significant between all three groups (p = 0.329), by comparison with 1.25 dihydroxy Vit D levels, a statistically significant difference was found for all three groups (p < 0.001). There was a positive low-level relationship (r = 0.023) between creatine and Pentraxin-3, and this relationship was not statistically significant (p = 0.832). There is a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.593) between creatine and Angiopoietin-1 and this relation is statistically significant (p < 0.001). A simple regression model was established for creatine and angiopoietin-1. Conclusion: Since Pentraxin-3 is accepted as an acute phase reactant in the literature, no significant relationship was found between all groups in our study either. Angiopoietin1 levels were found to be increased in CKD cases and we found statistically significant results. Angiopoetin-1 can be considered as a useful biomarker for the follow-up and treatment of CKD.