Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Blood–brain barrier leakage and perivascular inflammation in cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Abstract Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is a small vessel disease associated with cortical microbleeds and lobar intracerebral haemorrhage due to amyloid-β deposition in the walls of leptomeningeal and cortical arterioles. The mechanisms of cerebral amyloid angiopathy–related haemorrhage remain largely unknown. Recent work has demonstrated that ruptured blood vessels have limited (or no) amyloid-β at the site of bleeding and evidence of local vascular remodelling. We hypothesized that blood–brain barrier leakage and perivascular inflammation may be involved in this remodelling process. This study examined cortical arterioles at various stages of cerebral amyloid angiopathy–related vascular pathology (without evidence of microhaemorrhage) in autopsy tissue from seven cases with definite cerebral amyloid angiopathy. We included temporo-occipital sections with microbleeds guided by ex vivo MRI from two cases with severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy and systematically sampled occipital sections from five consecutive cases with varying cerebral amyloid angiopathy severity. Haematoxylin and eosin stains and immunohistochemistry against amyloid-β, fibrin(ogen), smooth muscle actin, reactive astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and activated microglia (cluster of differentiation 68) were performed. Arterioles were graded using a previously proposed scale of individual vessel cerebral amyloid angiopathy severity, and a blinded assessment for blood–brain barrier leakage, smooth muscle actin and perivascular inflammation was performed. Blood–brain barrier leakage and smooth muscle actin loss were observed in significantly more vessels with mild amyloid-β deposition (Grade 1 vessels; P = 0.044 and P = 0.012, respectively) as compared to vessels with no amyloid-β (Grade 0), and blood–brain barrier leakage was observed in 100% of vessels with evidence of vessel remodelling (Grades 3 and 4). Perivascular inflammation in the form of reactive astrocytes and activated microglia was observed predominantly surrounding arterioles at later stages of vessel pathology (Grades 2–4) and consistently around vessels with the same morphological features as ruptured vessel segments (Grade 4). These findings suggest a role for blood–brain barrier leakage and perivascular inflammation leading to arteriolar remodelling and haemorrhage in cerebral amyloid angiopathy, with early blood–brain barrier leakage as a potential trigger for subsequent perivascular inflammation.
The non-linear impact of financial leverage on cash holdings: Empirical evidence from Vietnam

Abstract This article examines the non-linear relationship between financial leverage and cash holdings in the emerging market context—Vietnam. We use the dynamic model with the system generalized method of moments (SGMM) estimator and the comprehensive data set of stocks listed on the Vietnamese stock market from 2007 to 2019. The database is collected from accounting data related to 513 Vietnamese firms’ characteristics and provided by Fiin Pro. We indicate that financial leverage exerts a negative impact on cash holdings at low levels, but the relationship becomes positive at high levels of financial leverage. We further find that short-term and long-term debt are non-linearly related to cash holdings. Our findings offer implications for managers to operate their firms at different levels of financial leverage. Firms at low levels of financial leverage should tend to hold less cash and issue debt since the addition of debt to adapt investment and operation could maximize corporate value. In contrast, firms at high levels of financial leverage could hoard cash to mitigate the likelihood of financial distress, bankruptcy and to reserve borrowing capacity because such firms are more likely to experience financial distress and go bankrupt. Policymakers could draw up policies to reduce the likelihood of experiencing financial distress and bankruptcy, such as the decrease of the debt financing and the increase of the likelihood of equity financing.
THE MOST CONTINUOUS PART OF THE PLANCHEREL DECOMPOSITION FOR A REDUCTIVE SYMMETRIC SPACE

Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Notation and preliminaries 7 3 Normalization of measures 11 4 The Fourier transform 12 5 Eisenstein integrals 14 6 The-spherical Fourier transform 20 7 Expansions of the Eisenstein integral 22 8 Paley-Wiener estimates for the Fourier transform 26 9 Wave packets 33 10 Support properties of wave packets 36 11 The behavior of supports 41 12 Asymptotic behavior of diierential operators 43 13 A limit behavior of the spherical Fourier transform 53 14 Fourier inversion modulo a diierential operator 57 15 Injectivity of the Fourier transforms 59
Mobile health app for monitoring allergic rhinitis and asthma in real life in Lithuanian MASK‐air users

Abstract Background MASK‐air® is an app whose aim is to reduce the global burden of allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma. A transfer of innovative practices was performed to disseminate and implement MASK‐air® in European regions. The aim of the study was to examine the implementation of the MASK‐air® app in Lithuanian adults in order to investigate (i) the rate of acceptance in this population, (ii) the duration of app use and (iii) the evaluation of the app after its use. Methods In a longitudinal study, Lithuanian adults with AR and/or asthma were recruited by allergists. They were informed about how to use MASK‐air® and were followed closely. They were reviewed after one to 3 months to evaluate satisfaction and were asked to continue using the app. Results Among the 149 patients recruited (37.2 ± 10.4 years), 52.4% had rhinitis alone, 42.9% had rhinitis, asthma and/or conjunctivitis multimorbidity, and 2.7% isolated asthma. According to the MASK‐air® baseline questionnaire, 88.3% of patients considered that their symptoms were troublesome. Data were available for 102 (68.4%) patients. The duration of app usage in patients ranged from 1 to 680 days (median, 25–75 percentile: 54, 23.2–151 days). Forty‐two (41.1% of patients who were reviewed) patients agreed to share their opinion on MASK‐air®. Most users of the app were satisfied, from 46.5% thinking their allergy was treated more successfully to 90.4% recommending this app to other allergy sufferers. Discussion When recommended by physicians, MASK‐air® was used for a longer period of time.
A SURVEY OF CN AND CH VARIATIONS IN GALACTIC GLOBULAR CLUSTERS FROM SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY SPECTROSCOPY

We present a homogeneous survey of the CN and CH band strengths in eight Galactic globular clusters observed during the course of the Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration sub-survey of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We confirm the existence of a bimodal CN distribution among red giant branch (RGB) stars in all of the clusters with metallicity greater than [Fe/H] = −1.7; the lowest metallicity cluster with an observed CN bimodality is M53, with [Fe/H] ≃ −2.1. There is also some evidence for individual CN groups on the subgiant branches of M92, M2, and M13, and on the RGBs of M92 and NGC 5053. Finally, we quantify the correlation between overall cluster metallicity and the slope of the CN band strength–luminosity plot as a means of further demonstrating the level of CN enrichment in cluster giants. Our results agree well with previous studies reported in the literature.
Pengaruh kualitas layanan dan store atmosphere terhadap customer loyalty

This study aims to determine consumer responses regarding the effect of service quality and store atmosphere on consumer loyalty at the Surjoy coffee shop in Bandung. The population in this study were true coffee consumers in the city of Bandung as many as 101 people, where the sample in this study was also the population. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, literature studies, and distributing questionnaires. Multiple linear analysis. The method used is descriptive verification with a quantitative approach. The results in this study indicate that there is an influence between store atmosphere and service quality on consumer loyalty. This result is supported by Dahmiri's research (2020) that there is a significant effect of these two variables on consumer loyalty. This study emphasizes that these two variables must be managed properly by the organization, especially when competition is increasing.
The DBST Index, the Discrepancy Between Desired Time in Bed and Desired Total Sleep Time: The Possible New Sleep Index Predicting Severity of Insomnia

Background and Objective We considered the concept of the DBST, the discrepancy between a patient’s desired time in bed (TIB) and desired total sleep time (TST). The DBST index can be used to easily assess a patient’s thoughts on their desired TST and dysfunctionally long TIB. This study aimed to explore whether the DBST index can predict the severity of insomnia.Methods A total of 374 members of the general population participated in this e-survey study. The participants answered questions regarding their bedtime, sleep onset time, wake-up time, desired TST, and desired TIB, and psychological symptoms were assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Patients Health Questionnaire–9 items (PHQ-9), Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep–16 items (DBAS-16), and Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale (GSES). Results The DBST index was significantly correlated with the ISI (r = 0.20, p < 0.01), PHQ-9 (r = 0.15, p < 0.01), GSES (r = 0.14, p < 0.01), DBAS-16 (r = 0.16, p < 0.01), desired TST (r = -0.62, p < 0.01), and desired TIB (r = 0.52, p < 0.01). Linear regression analysis showed that insomnia severity was predicted by persistent preoccupation with sleep (beta = 0.64, p < 0.001), dysfunctional beliefs about sleep (beta = 0.06, p < 0.001), depression (beta = 0.23, p < 0.001), and DBST (beta = 0.32, p = 0.035). The DBST directly influenced insomnia severity, and this association was shown to be mediated by dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, preoccupation with sleep, and depression.Conclusions The DBST index could be a possible new sleep index due to its relationship with insomnia severity, depression, dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, and preoccupation with sleep. Further studies are needed to explore the consistency of the clinical sample.
Diagnostic Outcomes and Treatment Modalities in Patients with Mycosis Fungoides in West Sweden—A Retrospective Register-Based Study

Simple Summary Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a rare and incurable disease, but there are a wide variety of treatment options. Since the condition is rare, only a few studies have been performed on this topic in Sweden. This study contributes to the knowledge of the epidemiological and clinical features and diagnostic findings in addition to the treatment modalities and responses in patients with diagnosed MF and/or followed up for a long period of time in Sweden. The results of this study can be used to improve clinical practice and stimulate future research. Abstract (1) Background: Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a variant of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features and epidemiological and diagnostic findings in addition to the treatment modalities and responses in patients with MF. Furthermore, comparisons between patients in the early stage and the advanced stage were evaluated. (2) Methods: A retrospective register-based study based on data collected from the primary cutaneous lymphoma register and medical records was performed at the Department of Dermatology and Venerology at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. (3) Results: Eighty-four patients with a median age of 55 years with MF were included. Most of the patients (n = 73) were diagnosed at the early stage of the disease (IA–IIA). Overall disease progression was seen in 12.5% (n = 9) of the patients. Nine (10.7%) patients were deceased, out of which four (4.8%) deaths were associated with MF-related causes. (4) Conclusions: This study contributes to the knowledge of the epidemiological and clinical features in addition to the diagnostic findings and treatment responses in patients with MF in Sweden.
Proactive Stateful Fault-Tolerant System for Kubernetes Containerized Services

Recently, the development of Kubernetes (K8s) containerization platform has enabled cloud-based, lightweight, highly scalable, and agile services in both general and telco use-cases. Ensuring high availability, reliable and continuous containerized services is a major requirement of service providers to provide fault-tolerance, transparent service experiences to end-users. To satisfy this requirement, fault prediction and proactive stateful service recovery features must be applied in cloud systems. Prior proactive failure recovery approaches mostly focused on either improving fault prediction performance based on different machine learning time series forecasting techniques or optimizing recovery service placement after fault prediction. However, a mechanism that enables stateful containerized service migration from the predicted faulty node to the healthy destination node has not been studied. Service migration in previous proactive works is only simulated or performed by virtual machine (VM) migration techniques. In this paper, we propose a proactive stateful fault-tolerant system for K8s containerized services that pipelines a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) fault prediction framework and a novel K8s stateful service migration mechanism for service recovery. Experimental results show how the Bi-LSTM model improved prediction performance against other time-series forecasting models used prior proactive works. We then combined the Bi-LSTM fault prediction framework with both the default K8s and our stateful migration mechanisms. The comparison between these two proactive systems proves our system efficiency in terms of reducing Quality of Service (QoS) violation percentage and service recovery time.
Diagrammatic Monte Carlo simulation of nonequilibrium systems

We generalize the recently developed diagrammatic Monte Carlo techniques for quantum impurity models from an imaginary time to a Keldysh formalism suitable for real-time and nonequilibrium calculations. Both weak-coupling and strong-coupling based methods are introduced, analyzed, and applied to the study of transport and relaxation dynamics in interacting quantum dots.
Gender, Language and Politics: the Representation of Theresa May on Twitter

The relationship between women leaders’ language, social media, and politics has been interesting to be discussed. However, there are lacks previous studies that examined the women leaders’ language and how the word choices represent women leaders on Twitter.Thus, this study aims to find out Theresa May’s language on Twitter and how those word choices represent herself as a woman leader. The data are taken from the tweets on Theresa May’s Twitter account over the last six months of her leadership reign (from January until July 2019), which focused on her crucial tweets about politics and leadership. The researchers adopted four theories to capture and analyze the data from different angles to produce the rich analysis of Theresa May’s word choices and representation on Twitter. The study revealed several word choices used by Theresa May into four categories: (1) announcement tweets, (2) attack/negative tweets, (3) personal characteristics, and (4) policy. Furthermore, the study also found that Theresa May utilized those word choices to represent herself as a political leader. She also used metaphors and pronouns to shape the desired representation. Furthermore, not all PDA elements by Fairclough Fairclough (2012) were employed due to the limited characters number on Twitter or other possible purpose(s). This study is beneficial to enrich the knowledge on how the use of language by woman leader is implicated within social and political contexts of a country. The Linguistics analysis on gender, language, and politics is another take away from this research.
Optical properties and electronic structures of equiatomic XTi (X=Fe, Co, and Ni) alloys.

The dielectric functions of equiatomic {ital X}Ti ({ital X}=Fe, Co, and Ni) alloys in the {ital B}2 phase (cubic CsCl structure) were measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the energy range of 1.5{endash}5.4 eV. The optical conductivity spectra show close resemblance to each other with a peak at 1.9{endash}2.3 eV and another at 3.1{endash}3.4 eV. Fine structures observed in previously reported measurements were not seen. The band structures and the optical conductivity spectra were calculated in the {ital B}2 phase using the linearized-augmented-plane-wave method with the local density approximation. The agreement between the measured and calculated spectra is markedly improved by the inclusion of a quasiparticle self-energy correction. Strong optical transitions are identified and the similarities and differences among the optical conductivity spectra of the three compounds are explained. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society. }
A Review on Palm Oil-Based Nanofluids as a Future Resource for Green Transformer Insulation System

Alternative transformer oil has been investigated universally in the past years. Different types of vegetable oil have been proposed and evaluated as replacements for conventional transformer oil (mineral oil) due to increasing exploitation and depleting petroleum reserves. In response to growing concern about global environmental and sustainable issues, this article discusses the suitability of palm oil (PO) and palm oil-based nanofluids (PO-N) as alternative transformer oils. A brief discussion of environmental concerns is provided in this paper, and the detailed properties of PO are thoroughly addressed. The electrical performance (alternating current breakdown voltage and lightning impulse breakdown voltage), physical behaviour (viscosity, flash point, and fire point), tan delta, and relative permittivity of PO and PO-N are also discussed in this paper. Based on reliable data and research, it has been proven that refined, bleached, deodorised palm oil (RBDPO) has been determined to be the most promising type of PO when compared to others. Furthermore, when CuO nanoparticles are added to RBDPO with the use of CTAB surfactant, the AC breakdown voltage increases by 173.42 % compared to RBDPO without CuO. However, there is still scope for further improvement in nanofluid stability. In addition to these studies, future research should focus on other aspects such as ageing studies, partial discharge breakdown voltage, etc. PO has interesting properties that make the industry and scientific community take notice.
Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) and Indoxyl Sulfate Concentrations in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder

Background: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and indoxyl sulfate (IS) are produced by the microbiota and the liver, and can contribute to brain aging and impaired cognitive function. This study aims to examine serum TMAO and IS concentrations in patients with alcohol-use disorder (AUD) at the entry for alcohol withdrawal, and the relationships with several biological, neuropsychological, and clinical parameters. Methods: TMAO and IS were quantified in thirty AUD inpatients and fifteen healthy controls (HC). The severities of AUD and alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS), and general cognitive abilities were assessed in AUD patients. Results: TMAO concentrations did not differ between HC and AUD patients. Several biomarkers assessing nutritional status and liver function were significantly different in AUD patients with the lowest TMAO concentrations compared to other AUD patients. IS concentration was significantly lower in AUD patients and a significant positive predictor of serum prealbumin variation during the acute phase of alcohol withdrawal. No relationship was observed between the concentrations of these metabolites and the severities of alcohol dependence, AWS, or cognitive deficits. Conclusions: Our data suggest that AUD patients with low concentrations of TMAO or IS should probably benefit from a personalized refeeding program during the acute phase of alcohol withdrawal.
Comment on `Detailed balance has a counterpart in non-equilibrium steady states'

Transition rates in continuously driven steady states were derived in [Evans R M L, 2005 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 38, 293] by demanding that no information other than the microscopic laws of motion and the macroscopic observables of the system be used to describe it. In addition to the mean energy at equilibrium, and unlike them, these driven states have a finite throughput of flux. This implies that the (nonequilibrium) reservoir, to which the system is weakly coupled, is fully characterised by its mean energy and mean flux. While we expect the resulting prescription for the rates in continuous and discretised time versions of models of real systems to be equivalent, it is not trivial to see this from the expression for the rates derived previously. We demonstrate this equivalence for a model of activated processes solved previously for continuous time, thus demonstrating consistency of theory.
L-Cysteine Modified Chitosan Nanoparticles and Carbon-Based Nanostructures for the Intranasal Delivery of Galantamine

The present study evaluates the use of thiolized chitosan conjugates (CS) in combination with two fundamental carbon nanoforms (carbon dots (CDs) and Hierarchical Porous Carbons (HPC)) for the preparation of intranasally (IN) administrated galantamine (GAL) nanoparticles (NPs). Initially, the modification of CS with L-cysteine (Cys) was performed, and the successful formation of a Cys-CS conjugates was verified via 1H-NMR, FTIR, and pXRD. The new Cys-CS conjugate showed a significant solubility enhancement in neutral and alkaline pH, improving CS’s utility as a matrix-carrier for IN drug administration. In a further step, drug-loaded NPs were prepared via solid-oil–water double emulsification, and thoroughly analyzed by SEM, DLS, FTIR and pXRD. The results showed the formation of spherical NPs with a smooth surface, while the drug was amorphously dispersed within most of the prepared NPs, with the exemption of those systems contianing the CDs. Finally, in vitro dissolution release studies revealed that the prepared NPs could prolong GAL’s release for up to 12 days. In sum, regarding the most promising system, the results of the present study clearly suggest that the preparation of NPs using both Cys-CS and CDs results in a more thermodynamically stable drug dispersion, while a zero-order release profile was achieved, which is essential to attain a stable in vivo pharmacokinetic behavior.