Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Partial Upgrading of Bitumen: Impact of Solvent Deasphalting and Visbreaking Sequence

Solvent deasphalting and visbreaking are two important technologies in the development of processes for partial upgrading of oilsands-derived bitumen to improve oil fluidity for pipeline transport. This work investigated the impact of the process sequence, solvent deasphalting followed by visbreaking (SDA-Vis) compared to visbreaking followed by solvent deasphalting (Vis-SDA). Thermal conversion during visbreaking was performed at 380 °C for 85 min, and solvent deasphalting was performed with n-pentane. Using this combination of processes in either sequence changed bitumen from a viscosity-limited fluid to a density-limited fluid with respect to pipeline specifications. The density and viscosity of the oil products from SDA-Vis and Vis-SDA were comparable. It was found that SDA-Vis achieved 2 wt % higher liquid yield than Vis-SDA. Conversely, Vis-SDA produced an oil product with higher hydrogen to carbon ratio compared to SDA-Vis. This difference could be explained in terms of hydrogen transfer during the.
Effect of Barley Sowing Density on the Integrated Weed Management of Lolium rigidum (Annual Ryegrass) in Mediterranean Dryland: A Modeling Approach

Population models are particularly helpful for understanding long-term changes in the weed dynamics associated with integrated weed management (IWM) strategies. IWM practices for controlling L. rigidum are of high importance, mainly due to its widespread resistance that precludes chemical control as a single management method. The objective of this contribution is to simulate different IWM scenarios with special emphasis on the impact of different levels of barley sowing densities on L. rigidum control. To this effect, a weed–crop population model for both L. rigidum and barley life cycles was developed. Our results point out: (i) the necessity of achieving high control efficiencies (>99%), (ii) that the increase of twice the standard sowing density of barley resulted in a reduction of 23.7% of the weed density, (iii) non-herbicide-based individual methods, such as delayed sowing and weed seed removal at harvest, proved to be inefficient for reducing drastically weed population, (iv) the implementation of at least three control tactics (seed removal, delay sowing and herbicides) is required for weed infestation eradication independently of the sowing rate, and (v) the effect of an increase in the sowing density is diluted as a more demanding weed control is reached. Future research should aim to disentangle the effect of different weed resistance levels on L. rigidum population dynamics and the required efficiencies for more sustainable IWM programs.
Treatment Outcome Of Hyperglycemic Emergency And Predictors In Ethiopia

Background: Hyperglycemic Emergency (HE) denotes critical cases of decompensated diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) are the extreme cases of HE. This study aims to assess the treatment outcome of HE and predictors in Ethiopia.Method: Four-year medical records of DM patients admitted for HE at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital (HFSUH) were reviewed retrospectively. Data were entered into and cleaned by Epi-InfoTM7 software. The statistical analysis was executed using the statistical package for social sciences software (SPSS) version 24. Chi-square test and student’s t-test were done to compare categorical and continuous variables. Logistic regression with the level of α set at 0.05 and AOR of 95% CI was done to determine the predictors. Statistical significance was established at AOR ≠1 within a 95% CI and P-value < 0.05. The model was verified using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test (P = 0.392). Results: This study included 321 eligible patients. The median duration of hospital stay was 7 days. The pooled HE mortality was 16.5%; 21.4% of HHS and 11.1% of DKA died. Infection (AOR = 3.74, 95% CI: 1.85-7.57, P <0.001), comorbidity (AOR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.34-6.48, P = 0.007), and lower admission Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤ 8 (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.17-5.71, P = 0.019) were the independent predictors of HE mortality.Conclusion: Mortality and duration of hospital stay stand high among DM patients admitted with HE. Infection, comorbidity, and lower admission GCS ≤ 8 are the independent predictors of HE mortality.
Case reports in the use of vitamin C based regimen in prophylaxis and
 management of COVID-19 among Nigerians

This case study was based on the novel opinion that daily intake of vitamin C can serve as a prophylactic and curative intervention for the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) via homeostatic and epigenetic mechanisms. To substantiate this hypothesis, some Nigerians who used vitamin C based regimen consented to share their experience in the prevention and management of the coronavirus irrespective of their country of abode. Participants all agreed to the use of their information for the public, albeit anonymous, via appending their signatures on an informed consent form. The documented cases took place from March 15 to September 1, 2020, this was to allow for more time to be able to observe the participants. The study provided evidence that regular use of Ascorbic acid tablets and vitamin C enriched plants could improve the immunity needed against the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Understanding Health Care Brokering Among Young and Middle-Aged Adults

Background: Health care brokering occurs when people with limited English proficiency rely on others to interpret health information. The purpose of this study was too describe what kinds of health brokering task individuals do, describe the emotional experience and academic impact of health brokering, and identify what kinds of support/services participants have access to or would want to have access to. Methods: A mixed methods approach was used to complete this study. Students and employees at a Midwestern university that is designated as a Hispanic Serving Institution were asked to complete a survey and participate in semi-structured interviews to get in-depth information about health care brokering. Results: The survey indicated the most common activities that health care brokers complete were looking up health information on the Internet and talking/translating to a doctor or nurse. Thee majority of participants had to miss class or work to complete health care brokering tasks and they reported feeling a mix of emotions while completing these tasks. The semi-structured interviews revealed four themes: lost opportunities, opportunity for personal growth, the stress of translation, and desired supports. Conclusion: The diversity of this country is unlikely to change and it is important for health promotion professionals to explore and implement strategies to help families’ complete health care brokering tasks. Providing health care information and terms in all languages at the doctor’s offi ce seems like an attainable first step.
Reforestation of a Degraded Area with Eucalyptus and Sesbania: Microbial Activity and Chemical Soil Properties

Mining activities generally affect soil quality, degrading it and creating the need for consistent environmental recovery efforts. This study evaluates the influence of monospecific and mixed stands of Sesbania virgata (S) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis (E) on the chemical properties and microbial activity of the soil in a degraded area by clay extraction in the northern part of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Four treatments (100S:100 % Sesbania, 100E: 00 % Eucalyptus, 50S:50E: 50 % Sesbania + 50 % Eucalyptus, and DASV: a degraded area with spontaneous vegetation) were established according to a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Samples were collected in the 0.00-0.10 m layer in the rainy season (March) and the dry season (September). The properties evaluated were pH in water; contents of P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, H+Al, N, and C; C/N ratio; total microbial activity (soil respiration CO2 emission); and total enzymatic activity (fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis). The reforestation of degraded areas by clay mining with the species S. virgata and E. camaldulensis either in monospecific or mixed stands increased the nutrient contents, C levels, and total microbial activity in the soil. It was possible to separate the planting systems (100S, 100E, 50S:50E) and the DASV using principal component analysis. In both seasons, soil C contents, chemical properties, and biological variables improved in the planted areas, in contrast with the DASV. The revegetation of degraded areas by mining improved the chemical and biological properties of the soil, leading to higher soil quality in revegetated areas compared to degraded areas with natural vegetation.
Development of Mungbean yellow mosaic virus Resistant Genotypes in Mungbean through Interspecific Crosses of Wild Vigna Species

Mungbean Yellow mosaic disease is a main destructing viral disease in mungbean caused by Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) which leads to severe sometime 100 percent yield reduction and it necessitates for developing MYMV resistant lines. The present investigation was carried out with an objective of evolution of MYMV resistant progenies through incorporating wide genes of same genera. An attempt was made between V. radiata x V. umbellata crosses. This agroinoculation technique was employed to examine the F2 individuals, which were derived from a cross between VMGG012-005 (Moderately susceptible) x VGGru1 (resistant homozygous advanced line from Vigna radiata x Vigna umbellata derivative used as MYMV donor) to screen for the MYMV resistant progenies. In the field condition, MYMV infection can be evaluated by MYMV disease rating scale (1-9).
An overview of COVID-19

Pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection emerged in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. By Feb. 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially named the disease resulting from infection with SARS-CoV-2 as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 represents a spectrum of clinical manifestations that typically include fever, dry cough, and fatigue, often with pulmonary involvement. SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and most individuals within the population at large are susceptible to infection. Wild animal hosts and infected patients are currently the main sources of disease which is transmitted via respiratory droplets and direct contact. Since the outbreak, the Chinese government and scientific community have acted rapidly to identify the causative agent and promptly shared the viral gene sequence, and have carried out measures to contain the epidemic. Meanwhile, recent research has revealed critical aspects of SARS-CoV-2 biology and disease pathogenesis; other studies have focused on epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, management, as well as drug and vaccine development. This review aims to summarize the latest research findings and to provide expert consensus. We will also share ongoing efforts and experience in China, which may provide insight on how to contain the epidemic and improve our understanding of this emerging infectious disease, together with updated guidance for prevention, control, and critical management of this pandemic.
Effectiveness of Jacobsonâ€™s progressive muscle relaxation technique for pain management in post-cesaerean women

Introduction: Pain is the most distressing response in early post operative period. Patients with post operative pain has a different response according to pain and opiods. Pain sensitivity is more in females than males. Cesaerean section is one of the major surgery that causes pain. Post operative pain can be managed by pharmacological and non- pharmacological. One non-pharmacological approach is relaxation therapy. So it’s important to have adjunct therapy like relaxation to reduce pain in C-section women. Purpose of the Study: Cesaerean section women experiences pain due to operative trauma. One of the relaxation technique is Jacobson’s. Skills in releasing pain of local parts of body can have direct effect on entire body. Jacobson’s technique has a hypothalamic response which decrease sympathetic arousal and muscle tone. This mechanism helps to relieve pain and distress. Objectives: 1) To find out post operative relief of pain between experimental and controlled groups on VAS score. 2) To find out mean difference between pain scores of controlled and experimental groups. Methodology: This study was conducted on 34 subjects. It was randomised controlled study. Intervention was for 5 days. Dose of analgesics were collected from medical records. Controlled group was given pre operative instructions. Experimental group performed Jacobson’s technique. Before and after intervention, pain was assessed with VAS score. Conclusion: Pain is more reduced in experimental than controlled group. There is significant difference in mean values between pain scores of controlled and experimental group on VAS score. Keywords: Jacobson’s relaxation, Cesaerean section, Pain management.
Magnitude and Clinical characteristics of Sigmoid Volvulus

Background: Sigmoid volvulus is a major cause of mechanical large bowel obstruction in volvulus belt countries. The objective of this study to explore the magnitude and clinical characteristics of Sigmoid Volvulus Methods: Hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study employed in Debre Tabor general hospital Northcentral Ethiopia. A medical review conducted on the medical chart from Jan1, 2016 to Dec31, 2019. The collected data checked manually for completeness and consistency. The final data coded and entered to SPSS version 23 for data processing and analysis. Binary logistic regression used to measure the association of each covariate with the outcome variable. In addition, factors that have p=0.25 with the outcome variables were taken into a multivariable logistic regression analysis to control the potential confounders. The result of the final model expressed in terms of adjusted Odd Ratios (AOR) and 95% CI and statistical significance declared if the P-value is less than 0.05. Result: There were 124 patients with sigmoid volvulus admitted within four years of the study. During the study period, 408 patients with bowel obstructions were admitted, among Mechanical large bowel obstruction (MLBO) 135 (33.1%), Mechanical small bowel obstruction (MSBO) 251(61.5%), and Ileosigmoid knotting 22(5.4%). Our study showed that sigmoid volvulus accounted for 91.9% and 30.4% of Mechanical Large bowel obstruction and Bowel obstruction respectively. Most of the patients were male 97.6 %( N=121) and rural residents 91.1 %( N=113). The peak age was 56-65 years accounted for 29 % and 65.3 %( N=81) of patients were above age 50years. The age ranged from 19-88 years. The mean and median ages were 56.52± (SD=14.4) and 58.5± (IQR=17.75) respectively. The mean of hospital stay for elective admission was 10.98(SD±4.33) days and the median was 11 (IQR±5) days. The mean of hospital stay for emergency admission excluding death and leave against medical advice was 8.4(SD±4.1) days and median was 8 (IQR±2) days Conclusion: Primary resection and anastomosis was the common procedure for management of sigmoid volvulus. Mortality rate was 6.45% and higher in gangrenous sigmoid volvulus (14.6 % vs. 2.4%)
Assessment of drivers of antimicrobial use and resistance in pig and poultry farming in the Msimbazi River Basin in Tanzania

Background Uncontrolled use of antimicrobials both in humans and animals coupled with environmental contamination by effluents, toxic chemicals, and heavy metals exacerbate the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. This paper assessed the drivers of antimicrobial use and resistance in poultry and domestic pig farming and the environment in a densely populated area, with wide-ranging human activities in Tanzania. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted from June to September 2019 in the Msimbazi River basin in Eastern Tanzania, which covers an area of 271km2 and harbours a population of approximately 1.2 million. Questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions (FGDs) were used to collect information regarding demographic characteristics, knowledge, practices, attitudes, and perceptions of the drivers of antimicrobial use and resistance in animal farming and the environment. Descriptive statistics and the chi-square tests were used to analyse data from the survey and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The FGDs and interviews were transcribed, coded into categories, and analysed manually. Results We found a higher proportion of usage of veterinary antimicrobials for prophylactic purposes (87.6%), especially tetracycline and quinolones in poultry and pigs farming, than for therapeutic purposes (80.5%). The farming experience was significantly (p<0.05) related to the knowledge on the source of antimicrobial use, methods used in disease diagnosis, access to veterinary services, stocking of antimicrobial at home, and presence of agriculture activities that involve use of manure. Additionally, a significant relationship (p<0.05) existed between the level of education and the practicing group treatment, inadequate extension officers, and inadequate knowledge on infection prevention and control of animal diseases. Uncontrolled disposal of wastes from households, uncontrolled disposal of human and veterinary drugs, and weak implementation of the legal framework was identified as the major pollutants of the environment. Conclusion The high usage of veterinary antimicrobials and environmental contamination taking place in the Msimbazi Basin requires agent multisectoral interventions, including implementation of long-term sustainable training programs aiming at reducing farmers' reliance on antimicrobials, as well as a review of government strategies, policies, and regulations on AMU.
One-Step Lining and Deacidification of Aged Newspapers with Double-sided Writing

Abstract The one-step lining and deacidification process of aged newspapers with double-sided writing combines deacidification and reinforcement processes. Wheat starch paste or carboxymethyl cellulose were prepared using an aqueous solution of Ca(OH)2. The newspapers were lined with Japanese tissue (9 g/m2), using the alkaline adhesive in order to mechanically reinforce the newspapers and at the same time increase the pH of the paper. After treatment, the pH value of the newspaper samples reached an ideal range between 8.0–8.5 when the w.1% Ca(OH)2 was used. More notably, the Japanese tissue lining doubled strength and folding endurance. The treatment had little impact on the visual appearance of the writing and even increased the degree of whiteness of the paper. The increase of tensile strength and whiteness was not diminished even when the treated newspaper samples were exposed to accelerated thermal ageing.
Strain, coping and sustained fraud offending

Research across a range of disciplines has generally focused on the decision to commit fraud rather than how fraud is sustained over time. This study uses interviews with serious workplace fraudsters to examine enablers of sustained offending. We present coping strategies offenders use to manage strain and sustain offending. We highlight that while rationalisation is germane for first-time offending, coping may be a more useful construct for understanding how offending is sustained over time.
Clinico-hematological profile in patients diagnosed with dengue fever: A prospective study

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the clinical and haematological profile in patients with Dengue fever. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine, Metro Hospital and Cancer Research Centre, Jabalpur, MP, India from Jan 2019 to Jan 2020. Total 120 patients with complaints of fever and clinical features of dengue with positive NS1 antigen test or dengue antibody serology IgM or IgG or both were included in the study. Results: Most of the cases (47.5%) were seen in the 20-30 year age group followed by 40-50 years 20.83%, 30-40 years 15%. Majority of the patients were males 78 (65%) compared to females, 42 (35%) and the male to female ratio was 1.8:1. Fever was the most common presentation and was seen in 58 cases (48.33%) cases . 54 (45%) cases showed Hb of 9-12 gm %, followed by 38(31.67%) cases showed Hb of 12-15 gm %, 9(7.5%) had Hb of below 9 gm % and 19 (15.83 % ) had Hb of above 15 gm% . 63(52.5 %) cases showed hematocrit of 25-35% and 35 (29.17 %) showed hematocrit of 3545%. 21 (17.5 %) cases, count of 400011000 cells/cu mm seen in 81(67.5%) cases and >11000/ cumm was seen in 18 cases (15%) as per . out of 120 cases of dengue fever, 87.5% cases had thrombocytopenia and 12.5% cases had severe thrombocytopenia (<20,000/cumm) with bleeding manifestation. Conclusion: Hemoconcentration, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and raised liver enzymes SGOT and SGPT along with reactive/ plasmacytoid lymphocytes on peripheral smear gives enough clues to test for dengue serology so that dengue cases can be diagnosed in their initial stages.
Regeneration of Chitosan-Based Adsorbents for Eliminating Dyes from Aqueous Solutions

Chitosan and its derivatives are effective for adsorbing dye molecules from aqueous solutions. However, their use can be limited by environmental concerns on their fate after adsorbent saturation. Desorbing dye molecules and regenerating adsorbents are alternatives to disposing spent adsorbent. In this review, most research topics related to regenerating chitosan-based adsorbents for dye removal are summarized and discussed. Numerous desorption agents, such as acids, alkalis, salts, and organic solvents, have been applied to regenerate chitosan-based adsorbents and recover the adsorbed dye molecules. In addition, the mechanism of desorbing dye molecules from these adsorbents is examined to provide information on selecting methods for recovering chitosan-based adsorbents.
Nanostructured Metal Chalcogenides for Energy Storage and Electrocatalysis

Energy storage and conversion technologies are vital to the efficient utilization of sustainable renewable energy sources. Rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and the emerging sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as two of the most promising energy storage devices, and electrocatalysis processes play critical roles in energy conversion techniques that achieve mutual transformation between renewable electricity and chemical energies. It has been demonstrated that nanostructured metal chalcogenides including metal sulfides and metal selenides show great potential for efficient energy storage and conversion due to their unique physicochemical properties. In this feature article, the recent research progress on nanostructured metal sulfides and metal selenides for application in SIBs/LIBs and hydrogen/oxygen electrocatalysis (hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and oxygen reduction reaction) is summarized and discussed. The corresponding electrochemical mechanisms, critical issues, and effective strategies towards performance improvement are presented. Finally, the remaining challenges and perspectives for the future development of metal chalcogenides in the energy research field are proposed.