Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Problems of bounding the $p$-length and Fitting height of finite soluble groups

This paper is a survey of some open problems and recent results about bounding the Fitting height and $p$-length of finite soluble groups. In many problems of finite group theory, nowadays the classification greatly facilitates reduction to soluble groups. Bounding their Fitting height or $p$-length can be regarded as further reduction to nilpotent groups. This is usually achieved by methods of representation theory, such as Clifford's theorem or theorems of Hall--Higman type. In some problems, it is the case of nilpotent groups where open questions remain, in spite of great successes achieved, in particular, by using Lie ring methods. But there are also important questions that still require reduction to nilpotent groups; the present survey is focused on reduction problems of this type. As examples, we discuss finite groups with fixed-point-free and almost fixed-point-free automorphisms, as well as generalizations of the Restricted Burnside Problem. We also discuss results on coset identities, which have applications in the study of profinite groups. Finally, we mention the open problem of bounding the Fitting height in the study of the analogue of the Restricted Burnside Problem for Moufang loops.
Exploring the relationship between parent mental health and parent–child emotion reminiscing

ABSTRACT This study examines how parents’ mental health symptoms, emotion regulation and mindfulness relate to parent–child reminiscing conversations about past emotional events. Fifty-four children aged 8–12 years and their parents were recruited from a child psychology clinic (n = 28) and local schools (n = 26). Dyad’s reminiscing conversations were recorded, transcribed, and coded for elaboration style, emotion content and emotion closure. Child language ability and mental health symptoms were measured, as was parent mindfulness, emotion regulation and mental health symptoms. Mindfulness acting with awareness was a unique predictor of dyad emotion closure. Depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were not directly related to elaborative reminiscing, however, moderation by clinical status revealed a negative relationship for the community children only. These findings suggest a more complex relationship at play between parent and child mental health in reminiscing within clinical populations. Implications of these findings for a growing body of reminiscing interventions are discussed.
Structural identifiability of linear compartmental systems

In biology and mathematics compartmental systems are frequently used. System identification of systems based on physical laws often involves parameter estimation. Before parameter estimation can take place, we have to examine whether the parameters are structurally identifiable. In this paper tests for the structural identifiability of linear compartmental systems are proposed. The method is based on the similarity transformation approach. New contributions in the theory are the conditions for structural identifiability of structured positive linear systems. In addition, structural identifiability from the Markov parameters is extended to structural identifiability from the input-output data, in which the initial condition is (partially) unknown and nonnegligible. Finally, conditions are presented for structural identifiability of a sampled continuous-time linear dynamic system.
On the preservation of direction-convexity and the Goodman-Saff conjecture

Let K(Q be the set of univalent functions in the unit disk D which are convex in the direction eip . We determine the set of analytic functions g in D which preserve K(9) under the Hadamard product, i.e., g * f e K(p) whenever f e X(d. This result contains as a special case the proof of a conjecture of Goodman and Saff about l((rp) and solves partially a multiplier problem concerning convex univalent harmonic functions in D, posed by Clunie and Sheil-Small.
Coupling characteristics of point defects modes in two-dimensional magnonic crystals

The coupling characteristics of two-point defects modes and multi-point defects modes in two-dimensional magnonic crystals composed of Fe square rods/EuO square lattices are studied based on the plane-wave expansion method under supercell approximation. The results show that the coupling degree of these defect modes depends not only on the distance between defect bodies, but also on the arrangement direction of point defects. The phase of precession of defect modes' magnetization distributions varies as the distance between the defects changes. These magnonic crystals with multi-point defects can be used as the fabricatingmaterials of the directional spin-wave filters or the narrow band spin-wave waveguides.
Wood traits explain microbial but not termite‐driven decay in Australian tropical rainforest and savanna

Variation in decay rates across woody species is a key uncertainty in predicting the fate of carbon stored in deadwood, especially in the tropics. Quantifying the relative contributions of biotic decay agents, particularly microbes and termites, under different climates and across species with diverse wood traits could help explain this variation. To fill this knowledge gap, we deployed woody stems from 16 plant species native to either rainforest (n = 10) or savanna (n = 6) in northeast Australia, with and without termite access. For comparison, we also deployed standardized, non‐native pine blocks at both sites. We hypothesized that termites would increase rates of deadwood decay under conditions that limit microbial activity. Specifically, termite contributions to wood decay should be greater under dry conditions and in wood species with traits that constrain microbial decomposers. Termite discovery of stems was surprisingly low with only 17.6% and 22.6% of accessible native stems discovered in the rainforest and savanna respectively. Contrary to our hypothesis, stems discovered by termites decomposed faster only in the rainforest. Termites discovered and decayed pine blocks at higher rates than native stems in both the rainforest and savanna. We found significant variation in termite discovery and microbial decay rates across native wood species within the same site. Although wood traits explained 85% of the variation in microbial decay, they did not explain termite‐driven decay. For stems undiscovered by termites, decay rates were greater in species with higher wood nutrient concentrations and syringyl:guiacyl lignin ratios but lower carbon concentrations and wood densities. Synthesis. Ecosystem‐scale predictions of deadwood turnover and carbon storage should account for the impact of wood traits on decomposer communities. In tropical Australia, termite‐driven decay was lower than expected for native wood on the ground. Even if termites are present, they may not always increase decomposition rates of fallen native wood in tropical forests. Our study shows how the drivers of wood decay differ between Australian tropical rainforest and savanna; further research should test whether such differences apply world‐wide.
Introduction in IND and recursive partitioning

This manual describes the IND package for learning tree classifiers from data. The package is an integrated C and C shell re-implementation of tree learning routines such as CART, C4, and various MDL and Bayesian variations. The package includes routines for experiment control, interactive operation, and analysis of tree building. The manual introduces the system and its many options, gives a basic review of tree learning, contains a guide to the literature and a glossary, and lists the manual pages for the routines and instructions on installation.
Adaptive fuzzy control for non-linear dynamical systems based on differential flatness theory

A new approach to adaptive fuzzy control for uncertain non-linear dynamical systems, is proposed. The considered class of systems can be written in the Brunovsky (canonical) form after a transformation of their state variables and control input. The resulting control signal is shown to consist of non-linear elements, which in case of unknown system parameters can be approximated using neurofuzzy networks. An adaptation law for the neurofuzzy approximators can be computed using Lyapunov stability analysis. It is shown that the proposed adaptation law assures stability of the closed loop. Simulation experiments on benchmark non-linear dynamical systems are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed flatness-based adaptive fuzzy control scheme.
The current regenerative medicine approaches of craniofacial diseases: A narrative review

Craniofacial deformities (CFDs) develop following oncological resection, trauma, or congenital disorders. Trauma is one of the top five causes of death globally, with rates varying from country to country. They result in a non-healing composite tissue wound as they degenerate in soft or hard tissues. Approximately one-third of oral diseases are caused by gum disease. Due to the complexity of anatomical structures in the region and the variety of tissue-specific requirements, CFD treatments present many challenges. Many treatment methods for CFDs are available today, such as drugs, regenerative medicine (RM), surgery, and tissue engineering. Functional restoration of a tissue or an organ after trauma or other chronic diseases is the focus of this emerging field of science. The materials and methodologies used in craniofacial reconstruction have significantly improved in the last few years. A facial fracture requires bone preservation as much as possible, so tiny fragments are removed initially. It is possible to replace bone marrow stem cells with oral stem cells for CFDs due to their excellent potential for bone formation. This review article discusses regenerative approaches for different types of craniofacial diseases.
Analysis of the Influence of Social Media Marketing Activities on Purchase Intention with Brand Equity Mediation on Korean Merchandise

This study aims to analyze and identify the factors influencing purchase intention in Korean merchandise with the mediation of brand equity. The object of this study is to respondents aged 15-26 years and the average is still in school and already working who intend to buy Korean merchandise. The independent variables used in this study are entertainment, interaction, trendiness, advertisement, and e-wom, as well as brand equity as an intervening variable and purchase intention as a dependent variable. This study was obtained using a questionnaire filling method, a quantitative approach, and a purposive sampling technique. The author used Smart PLS to analyze the data.
Effect of Ferulic Acid and Its Derivatives on Cold-Pressed Flaxseed Oil Oxidative Stability and Bioactive Compounds Retention during Oxidation

Ferulic acid (FA) is a naturally occurring phenolic antioxidant that is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries due to its low toxicity. Its derivatives also find numerous industrial applications and may have even higher biological activity than ferulic acid. In this study, the effect of the addition of FA and its derivatives—including vanillic acid (VA), dihydroferulic acid (DHFA), and 4-vinylguaiacol (4-VG)—on the oxidative stability of cold-pressed flaxseed oil and the degradation of bioactive compounds during oxidation was investigated. The results showed that FA and its derivatives affected the oxidative stability of flaxseed oil, but their antioxidant activity depended on the concentration (25–200 mg/100 g oil) and temperature of treatment (60–110 °C). Based on Rancimat test results, flaxseed oil oxidative stability predicted at 20 °C increased linearly with ferulic acid concentration, while its derivatives effectively prolonged the induction time at lower concentrations (50–100 mg/100 g oil). The addition of phenolic antioxidants (80 mg/100 g) generally showed a protective effect against polyunsaturated fatty acids (DHFA and 4-VG), sterols (4-VG), tocols (DHFA), squalene, and carotenoids (FA). The exception was VA, which increased the degradation of most bioactive compounds. It is believed that adding properly composed mixtures of FA and its derivatives (DHFA and 4-VG) can extend the shelf life of flaxseed oil and provide nutritional benefits.
Radiotherapy Plus Cetuximab for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity: A Multicenter Retrospective Study of 79 Patients in Japan

There are a few reports that focus on radiotherapy (RT) and cetuximab (CET) therapy exclusively for oral cancer. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of RT and CET therapy for locally advanced (LA) or recurrent/metastatic (R/M) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Seventy-nine patients from 13 hospitals who underwent RT and CET therapy for LA or R/M OSCC between January 2013 and May 2015 were enrolled in the study. Response, overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and adverse events were investigated. The completion rate was 62/79 (78.5%). The response rates in patients with LA and R/M OSCC were 69% and 37.8%, respectively. When only completed cases were examined, the response rates were 72.2% and 62.9%, respectively. The 1- and 2-year OS were 51.5% and 27.8%, respectively (median, 14 months), for patients with LA OSCC, and 41.5% and 11.9% (median, 10 months) for patients with R/M OSCC. The 1- and 2-year DSS were 61.8% and 33.4%, respectively (median, 17 months), for patients with LA OSCC, and 76.6% and 20.4% (median, 12 months) for patients with R/M OSCC. The most common adverse event was oral mucositis (60.8%), followed by dermatitis, acneiform rash, and paronychia. The completion rate was 85.7% in LA patients and 70.3% in R/M patients. The most common reason for noncompletion was an inadequate radiation dose due to worsening general conditions in R/M patients. Although the standard treatment for LA or R/M oral cancer is concomitant RT with high-dose cisplatin (CCRT) and the efficacy of RT and CET therapy for oral cancer is not considered to be as high as that for other head and neck cancers, it was thought that RT and CET therapy could be possible treatments for patients who cannot use high-dose cisplatin.
Impact of Ethical Ideologies on Students’ Attitude toward Animals—A Pakistani Perspective

Simple Summary Ethical ideologies can have a strong impact on the moral decision making of students. They may also impact their reasoning regarding different social concerns including animal welfare. There are two types of ethical ideologies, including idealistic ideology (a view that universal principles exist which can be followed while making moral decisions) and relativistic ideology (a view that ethical decision making varies from situation to situation). For students, future decision making and concern for animal welfare can be influenced by their ethical perspectives, and to promote a positive change, it is imperative to promote understanding and awareness while students are still in the current educational structure. Hence, the research study explored the relationship between ethical ideologies (idealism and relativism), attitude toward animals and concern for animal welfare among students. Results showed that both relativistic and idealistic ideologies were associated with positive attitude towards animals as well as concern for animal welfare. Hence, the present study highlighted the importance of considering ethical ideologies (idealism and relativism) of students regarding attitude toward wellbeing of animals and possible influence on future decision-making processes when it came to animal welfare. Abstract Idealism and relativism are components of ethical ideologies which have been explored in relation to animal welfare and attitudes, and potential cultural differences. The present study investigated how ethical ideologies influenced attitude toward animals among undergraduate students. With the help of stratified random sampling, 450 participants were selected from both private and public sector universities in Pakistan. Research instruments consisted of a demographic sheet, the Ethics Position Questionnaire (EPQ), the Animal Attitude Scale—10-Item Version (AAS-10), and Animal Issue Scale (AIS). The study hypotheses were explored by employing various statistical analyses like Pearson Product Moment Correlation, independent sample t-test, ANOVA, and linear regression. Results revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between ethical ideologies (idealism and relativism) and attitude toward animals in students. Results further showed that students who consumed meat less frequently scored higher on relativism as compared to those who consumed meat more frequently (however, the effect size was small). It was also found that senior students held more idealistic ideologies as compared to freshman students. Finally, idealism positively predicted concern for animal welfare among students. The current study shed light on how ethical ideologies can shape and influence animal welfare. It further highlighted the potential cultural differences for the study variables by allowing for comparison with other published studies. By understanding these dynamics better, researchers will be better equipped to help students become informed citizens that may also influence future decision-making processes.
Delayed Surgical Treatment of Displaced Intra-Articular Calcaneal Fractures in Major Trauma Is Safe and Effective

Background: To assess whether delaying operative fixation through the sinus tarsi approach resulted in a decreased wound complications rate or could hinder the quality of reduction in subjects with Sanders type II and III displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures. Methods: From January 2015 to December 2019, all polytrauma patients were screened for eligibility. We divided patients into two groups: Group A, treated within 21 days after injury; Group B, treated more than 21 days after injury. Wound infections were recorded. Radiographic assessment consisted of serial radiographs and CT scans: postoperatively (T0) and at 12 weeks (T1) and at 12 months after surgery (T2). The quality of reduction of the posterior subtalar joint facet and calcaneal cuboid joint (CCJ) was classified as anatomical and non-anatomical. A post hoc power calculation was performed. Results: A total of 54 subjects were enrolled. Four wound complications (three superficial, one deep) were identified in Group A; two wound complications (one superficial one deep) were identified in Group B. According to “mean interval between trauma and surgery” and “duration of intervention”, there was a significant difference between the groups (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between Groups A and B in terms of wound complications or quality of reduction. Conclusions: The sinus tarsi approach is a valuable approach for the surgical treatment of closed displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures in major trauma patients who need delayed surgery. The timing of surgery did not negatively influence the quality of the reduction and the wound complication rate. Level of evidence: level II, prospective comparative study.
Challenges and Opportunities for Extracellular Vesicles in Clinical Oncology Therapy

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound vesicles that can be released by all cell types. They may have different biogenesis, physical features, and cargo. EVs are important biomarkers for the diagnosis and prediction of many diseases due to their essential role in intercellular communication, their highly variable cargoes, and their accumulation in various body fluids. These natural particles have been investigated as potential therapeutic materials for many diseases. In our previous studies, the clinical usage of tumor-cell-derived microparticles (T-MPs) as a novel medication delivery system was examined. This review summarizes the clinical translation of EVs and related clinical trials, aiming to provide suggestions for safer and more effective oncology therapeutic systems, particularly in biotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic systems.
Justice in handling complaints and its impact on satisfaction and loyalty in higher education

Problem and aim. In providing services to students, universities often get complaints from students as customers. Universities must respond to and resolve complaints wisely and fairly to satisfy students with the services provided. The article aims to measure student complaint-handling strategies and their effect on satisfaction and loyalty as customers. The study will examine whether justice in addressing students' complaints, interactional justice, procedural justice, and distributive justice affect student satisfaction and does student satisfaction mediate the relationship between complaint-handling strategies and student loyalty. Research methods. The study involved 328 students from several universities in Indonesia. Samples selected using the purposes sampling method. Data were analysed quantitatively using SmarPLS version 3.3. 3. Results. The study resulted that interactional justice significantly affected student satisfaction with a value of 0.019 < 0.05. Procedural justice significantly affects student satisfaction with a value of 0.000 < 0.05, and distributive justice significantly affects student satisfaction with a value of 0.014 < 0.05. This study also found that student satisfaction mediated the relationship between interactional justice, procedural justice, distributive justice and student loyalty with a significance level of value < 0.05. Conclusion. This study confirms that the fair and wise handling of student complaints affects student satisfaction with higher education services and can potentially increase student loyalty. This study strengthens several previous studies, emphasizing that fair complaint handling at companies and other institutions affects customer satisfaction and loyalty. Therefore, universities should care for student satisfaction and loyalty by continuously improving service handling student complaints, both interactional, procedural, and distributive.
Multipole method to calculate borehole thermal resistances in a borehole heat exchanger

Ground-source heat pump systems use borehole heat exchangers to transfer heat to and from the ground. An important feature is the local thermal resistances between the heat carrier flow channels in the borehole and the surrounding ground. The counter-flow heat exchange between the pipes is also important, particularly for the axial temperature variation. These resistances can be represented by a thermal network between the pipes and the ground. The borehole thermal resistance is readily obtained from the network. A fairly intricate mathematical algorithm, the multipole method, to compute the temperature fields and, in particular, the thermal resistances is presented. This article focuses on the application of the model, leaving the detailed mathematics to a background report. The formulas and methodology required for any particular case are presented in detail. The multipole method gives a solution with very high, and easily verified, accuracy for the steady-state heat conduction in a region perpendicular to the borehole axis. It is fairly straightforward to implement the algorithm in any design software. The computational time requirements are negligible.