Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Colloidal Suspension Rheology: Preface

1. Introduction to colloid science and rheology 2. Hydrodynamic effects 3. Brownian hard spheres 4. Stable colloidal suspensions 5. Non-spherical particles 6. Weakly flocculated suspensions 7. Thixotropy 8. Shear thickening 9. Rheometry of suspensions 10. Suspensions in viscoelastic media 11. Advanced topics.
The Effects of Temperature on the Strength Properties of Aluminium Alloy 2024-T3

Abstract: This paper presents results of monotonous tensile tests of 0.16” thick samples made of non-clad plates of aluminium alloy for aircraft purposes 2024-T3. Tests were performed for samples cut out from a sheet plate in two different directions: in the parallel and perpendicular direction to sheet plate rolling direction, for eight different temperature values from the range 25°C – 200°C. The tests were performed using the hydraulic-drive testing machine INSTRON 8502 equipped with thermal chamber. The analysis of results included changes of basic strength-related parameters depending on temperature. It was also observed that the intensity of Portevin-Le Châtelier (PLC) effect depends on the temperature.
Trophic ecology of the zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) on tropical reefs

This study examined the trophic ecology of the zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum in tropical reefs and evaluated its role in the energy flow in that ecosystem. Colonies of this species were sampled in the infralittoral zone of reefs in north-eastern Brazil in 2008. We calculated the richness, total abundance, relative abundance and frequency of occurrence of prey items. The biovolumes and weighted biovolumes of prey were calculated to characterize the most important food items in terms of their biomasses. To evaluate the selectivity, zoanthid and plankton samples were collected in 2010. Pennate diatoms were the most abundant and most frequent prey and, together with invertebrate eggs, constituted the most important food items in terms of their biomasses. There were no significant differences in abundance or richness among the different beaches studied, nor between the different seasons. The mean size of prey items within the polyps was significantly smaller than of the general plankton, indicating that P. caribaeorum selected for (or limited) certain prey sizes. This species predominantly fed on diatoms, and did not take advantage of many other prey items abundant in the plankton. Our results indicate that P. caribaeorum is suspensivorous and feeds principally on small phytoplankton. As this species is prey for benthic organisms such as polychaetes and nektonic organisms, our results indicate the importance of this zoanthid in tropical reef ecosystems as a primary consumer that serves as an energy transfer link between the planktonic environment and the nektonic and benthic spheres.
PREVALENCE OF FELINE RETROVIRUS INFECTIONS IN VAN CATS

It was aimed to determine the prevalence of feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in Van cats, eradicate virus positive animals and protect virus negative animals from the infections. The study was performed on 132 Van cats (52 males and 80 females), between 1and 14 years of age. It was found that 4.5% of the cats were positive for FeLV and 3% of them were positive for FIV. In conclusion, it is suggested that the detection of FeLV and FIV positive cats and their eradication is very important for the protection of future generations of Van cats from these diseases.
Effect of different levels of raisin waste on performance, nutrients digestibility and protozoal population of Mehraban growing lambs

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different inclusion levels of raisin waste (RW) in the diet on the animal performance and ruminal fermentation parameters of growing lambs. Four levels of RW inclusion (i.e., R0, R1, R2 and R3 for 0, 100, 200 and 300 g RW kg-1 dry matter of diet, respectively) were tested. The experimental diets were fed to 24 male lambs (six months old) and six animals were allocated to each treatment. In the first experiment, effects of different levels of RW on the animals’ performance, some rumen parameters and protozoa populations were studied. In the second experiment, the apparent total tract digestibility of diets and nitrogen balance were measured. The highest final body weights were observed for the R2 and R3 diets. The R3 diet had the lowest dry matter intake (1156 vs. 1303 g day-1 for R3 and R0, respectively) and feed conversion rate (6.4 vs. 8.7 for R3 and R0, respectively). Total number of protozoa increased with the addition of RW, but Epidinium spp. completely disappeared with the R3diet. Inclusion of RW at levels higher than 200 g RW kg-1 DM of diet significantly reduced crude protein (p=0.042) and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (p=0.049). Our findings showed that RW could be included in the diets of growing lambs up to 200 g kg-1 DM without compromising their production performance.
Cryptic Lineages of Little Free-Tailed Bats, Chaerephon pumilus (Chiroptera: Molossidae) from Southern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean Islands

We investigate mitochondrial DNA and craniometric variation in southern African and Malagasy populations of the small and morphologically variable, house-roosting molossid bat, Chaerephon pumilus in relation to Malagasy populations of the related, smaller-sized species, C. leucogaster. Both cytochrome b and D-loop sequences show C. leucogaster to be nested within C. pumilus sensu lato, with Malagasy C. pumilus forming a sister group to African C. pumilus and Malagasy C. leucogaster. Four distinct D-loop clades are found in southern African populations, all of which occur sympatrically in the greater Durban area of KwaZulu-Natal Province, whilst two of the Durban clades also characterize 1) northern KwaZulu-Natal and low-lying (<600 m) areas of Swaziland, and 2) ‘inland’ populations comprising the Kruger National Park and higher-lying (>600 m) areas of Swaziland. Clades from low-lying areas show evidence of historical demographic expansion around 3300–13 000 years ago (KwaZulu-Natal coastal clade, Clade A1) to 14 700–60 000 years ago (Durban clade, – Clade B1), whilst the inland clade (Clade B2a) was demographically more stable. The origin of these clades can be explained by sea level and vegetation changes hypothesized to follow the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) after 18 000 years ago. Sympatric clades are shown to differ significantly in the proportional width of the braincase, and ongoing work will test evidence for acoustic and other morphological differences between them.
EVALUATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF HERBS

•+ , TEAC, GAE Research material constituted fresh herbs available in retail trade, i.e.: sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), marjoram – oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Both whole herbs and their particular morphological parts (leaf, stalk, stem) were subjected to analyses. Polyphenolic compounds content was determined with the method of Singleton & Rossi and results were presented as GAE/g (Gallic Acid Equivalent). Antioxidant properties of the examined herbs were assayed with the spectrophotometric method with the use of ABTS cation radicals and expressed as TEAC/g (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity). Total polyphenolics content and antioxidant capacity were determined with the extraction method using alcohol and water. Alcohol extraction influenced a considerably higher concentration of polyphenolic compounds and higher antioxidant capacity to a more favorable extent than water extraction. Antioxidant capacity of particular herbs and their morphological parts was closely correlated with the content of polyphenolic compounds. The highest concentration of polyphenols and simultaneously the highest antioxidant capacity were observed in herb leaves and whole plants, whilst the lowest – in stems and stalks. Among the examined fresh herbs, rosemary was characterised by the highest concentration of polyphenols, i.e. 35-45% of polyphenol compounds more than oregano and thyme, by about 58% more than lemon balm and about 80% more than sweet basil. When converted into dry matter, a significantly higher concentration of polyphenolic compounds and simultaneously the highest antioxidant capacity were typical of oregano and rosemary and then thyme and lemon balm, whereas the lowest one – of sweet basil.
An Annotated List of Caddisflies (Trichoptera) Collected in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, U.S.A. during 2011 – 2013

ABSTRACT: Distribution records for caddisflies (Trichoptera) collected during the summers of 2011–2013 in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, U.S.A. are presented. Fourteen families, 34 genera, and 59 species are listed, based on adult, pupal and larval records. Exceptional species records are noted and brief comments are given.
The effect of water deficit and sowing date on yield components and seed sugar contents of sweet corn (Zea mays L.)

Considering the little amount of research on this crop in Iran and especially in Kermanshah, this paper was devoted to its study. In order to study the effect of sowing date and water stress on yield and yield components and seed sugar content in sweet corn cv.SC403, an experiment was conducted in the research farm and laboratories of the department of agronomy and plant breeding at Razi University, Kermanshah, in 2008. This investigation was performed as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The sowing date factor included four dates (4 May, 24 May, 13 June and 3 July) and three levels of water stress (control, moderate and severe water stress). The accumulated evaporation included: 70 (control), 120 (moderate water stress) and 170 (severe water stress) from evaporation pan class A. With respect to the results of this experiment, if the purpose in sowing of sweet corn is quantitative yield, the 3rd of July under no water stress treatment (control) will be the best date (8547.2 kg ha-1). The sowing date of 3rd July and the moderate water stress treatment did not have significant effect on quantitative yield. Thus, in arid and semi arid areas such as Kermanshah where water saving is important, this sowing date maybe very useful for water saving. But if the purpose is to have high qualitative yield in sweet corn (seed sugar), the sowing date of 4 May under severe water stress (1.48% sucrose) maybe the best choice. Key words: Seed sugar content, sowing date, sweet corn, water stress, yield components.
Constraining the physics of galaxy formation and evolution using galaxy clustering

We model the evolution of galaxy clustering through cosmic time to investigate the nature of the power-law shape of ξ(r), the galaxy two-point correlation function. While ξ(r) on large scales is set by primordial fluctuations, departures from a power law are governed by galaxy pair counts on small scales, subject to non-linear dynamics. We assume that galaxies reside within dark matter halos and subhalos. Therefore, the shape of the correlation function on small scales depends on the amount of halo substructure. We use a semi-analytic substructure evolution model to study subhalo populations within host halos. We find that tidal mass loss and, to a lesser extent, dynamical friction dramatically deplete the number of subhalos within larger host halos over time, resulting in a ∼ 90% reduction by z = 0 compared to the number of distinct mergers that occur during the assembly of a host halo. We show that these non-linear processes resulting in this depletion are essential for achieving a power-law ξ(r). We investigate how the shape of ξ(r) depends on subhalo mass (or luminosity) and redshift. We find that ξ(r) breaks from a power law at high masses, implying that only galaxies of luminosities . L should exhibit power-law clustering. Moreover, we demonstrate that ξ(r) evolves from being far from a power law at high redshift, toward
Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Wound Healing Activity of Gentiana lutea Rhizome Extracts in Animals

Gentiana lutea Linn (Gentianaceae), commonly known as gentian, is widely used in the traditional system of medicine as an anti-inflammatory and wound healing agent. We examined the effectiveness of alcohol and petrol ether extracts of rhizomes of Gentiana lutea at 500 and 1000 mg/kg doses orally in the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, xylol-induced mouse ear edema and cotton pellet-induced chronic inflammatory models. Both extracts showed significant dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activities in all of these models. Both extracts exhibited significant wound healing activity at 300 and 500 mg/kg, p.o. , in excision, resutured incision and dead space wound models.
The Association between Racial Socialization and Depression: Testing Direct and Buffering Associations

The authors use a profile analysis strategy to identify five composite types of racial socialization practices or ''racial socialization meta-messages. '' The authors assess the association between racial socialization meta-messages received during late adolescence and depressive symptoms in young adulthood. They find that a guarded racial socialization meta-message (one that combines warnings about discrimination with direction to be wary and cautious when dealing with majority group members) is associated with elevated depressive symptoms when respondents are between the ages of 20 and 22 years. The authors also find that an empowered racial socialization meta-message (one that combines warnings about dis- crimination with strategies for overcoming racial prejudice) partially buffers respondents against the men- tal health consequences of racial discrimination.
THE PHYTOALEXIN RESPONSE: ELICITATION, SIGNALLING AND CONTROL OF HOST GENE EXPRESSION

1. Induced resistance of plants to incompatible races of their microbial pathogens is often characterized by rapid cell death (the hypersensitive response) and the accumulation of low‐Mr antimicrobial compounds termed phytoalexins. There is much indirect evidence to support a major role for phytoalexin induction as an event determining host resistance, and genetical analysis of race‐specific pathogen‐host interactions predicts that induced resistance occurs via interaction between a pathogen avirulence gene product and a host resistance gene product. Elicitors (inducing agents) of phytoalexin accumulation are possible candidates for the active products directly or indirectly resulting from the expression of microbial avirulence genes. The present review considers the process of phytoalexin induction, at the molecular level, from the fungal elicitor to the early changes in host gene expression associated with its action.
Anatomical and radiological study of some characteristics of the pony and the horse autopodium.

The investigations were performed on 10 specimens of each species horse and pony. Taken together, the anatomical region of the poney autopodium resembles that of the horse but there are some obvious features. Differences were found especially at the carpal and tarsal bones but also at the synovials of the antebrahio – carpal – metacarpal joint and less than the phalanges.
Alocação de linhagens de milho derivadas das populações BR-105 e BR-106 em grupos heteróticos

ABSTRACT: The heterotic groups are important in maize breeding programs because they allow the mostefficient use of the germoplasm. The objective of this research was to allocate maize lines to heterotic groupsfrom estimates of specific combining ability (SCA). Eight and ten S 3 lines derived from populations BR-105and BR-106, respectively, were crossed at interpopulation levels following a diallel system. Eighty single-crosses were obtained and evaluated in lattice designs across three environments. Recorded data consistedof grain yield (GY), plant height (PH) and ear height (EH). Estimates of general and specific combining ability(GCA) and (SGA) were computed according to Griffing’s method 4, model I, for all traits. Estimates of SCAwere used for principal coordinate analysis (PCO) and for cluster analysis, by using UPGMA (unweightedpair-group method with arithmetical averages) clustering algorithm, to assign the lines to heterotic groups. Forthe trait GY the lines were allocated to 4 heterotic groups, in which the lines from each population weresubdivided in 2 heterotic groups. For the traits PH and EH, the use of the estimates of SCA to assign lines toheterotic groups were not efficient. Cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis were efficient for the traitGY in allocating maize lines to heterotic groups. Thus, since grain yield is the main trait for the breedingpurposes, with the allocation of the lines in 4 heterotic groups, the crosses will be more efficient, avoiding toobtain and evaluate unnecessary (hybrid) crosses.Key words: Zea mays, diallel analysis, combining ability
Effect of Dietary L-Arginine on Productive Performance of Broiler Chickens

2 Abstract: A total of 300 one day old Ross 308 broiler chicks were used in this study to determine the effect of supplementing ration with different levels of arginine on productive performance of broiler chickens. The chicks were allocated for 4 treatment groups (75 chicks for each group) and each treatment was consisted of five replicates with 15 chicks each. Treatment groups were: C: control group (without any addition of arginine); T1, T2 and T3: adding arginine to the diet of broiler chickens at levels of 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06%, respectively. Two types of diets were used over the period of experiment, starter diet was used from one to 20 days of chick s' age and then grower diet was used till the end of the experiment (46 days of age) . Productive traits included in this study were live body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, production index, economic figure and livability. Results revealed that feeding diets containing arginine (T1, T2 and T3) resulted in significant increase (p<0.05) in live body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio during the most period of experiment and with relation to accumulative weight gain, accumulative feed intake and accumulative feed conversion ratio as compared with control group (C). However, adding arginine to the diet of broiler chickens resulted in significant increase (p<0.05) in production index, economic figure and livability in comparison with control group. In conclusion, dietary arginine supplementation resulted in significant improvement in productive traits included in this study. So arginine can be used as effective feed additive for improve productive performance of broiler chickens.
A New Juvenile Specimen of Sapeornis (Pygostylia: Aves) from the Lower Cretaceous of Northeast China and Allometric Scaling of this Basal Bird

Abstract. The discovery of an extremely well preserved new juvenile specimen of Sapeornis provides more anatomical information about this basal avian, and documents the first avian specimen from the Jehol Biota with detailed foot-pad integument preserved. This is the first Sapeornis specimen with a well preserved carpal X, astragalus and calcaneum. Seven major skeletal components from five well preserved juvenile and adult skeletons of Sapeornis were measured. The allometric differences associated with growth are shown to be distinct; all linear regressions resulted in high correlation coefficients consistent with a single growth series. The number of sacral vertebrae and free caudal vertebrae vary during ontogeny, and this may indicate that all the specimens can be assigned to a single species: Sapeornis chaoyangensis.
Allozyme variation amongst populations of the freshwater crab, Potamonautes perlatus (Decapoda: Potamonautidae) in the Berg River system, Western Cape

The Cape river crab, Potamonautes perlatus, is widely distributed in streams and rivers of the Western Cape where it exhibits considerable morphological variation. Recent genetic work on populations in the Olifants River system has demonstrated the existence of a new cryptic species of river crab, while populations of P. perlatus in the nearby Berg River system remained uninvestigated. Six populations of P. perlatus were collected from along the length of the Berg River system (125 km) and the genetic structure was investigated using allozyme electrophoresis. Results from 14 allozyme loci showed that the populations were genetically invariant across the river system. It is suggested that gene flow may be responsible for the poor genetic differentiation amongst populations in the Berg River system. The implication for future management of the system is briefly discussed.
Isotopic heterogeneity of water in transpiring leaves: identification of the component that controls the δ18O of atmospheric O2 and CO2

Two direct but independent approaches were developed to identify the average δ18O value of the water fraction in the chloroplasts of transpiring leaves. In the first approach, we used the δ18O value of CO2 in isotopic equilibrium with leaf water to reconstruct the δ18O value of water in the chloroplasts. This method was based on the idea that the enzyme carbonic anhydrase facilitates isotopic equilibrium between CO2 and H2O predominantly in the chloroplasts, at a rate that is several orders of magnitude faster than the non-catalysed exchange in other leaf water fractions. In the second approach, we measured the δ18O value of O2 from photosynthetic water oxidation in the chloroplasts of intact leaves. Since O2 is produced from chloroplast water irreversibly and without discrimination, the δ18O value of the O2 should be identical to that of chloroplast water. In intact, transpiring leaves of sunflower (Helianthus annuus cv. giant mammoth) under the experimental conditions used, the average δ18O value of chloroplasts water was displaced by 3—10 % (depending on relative humidity and atmospheric composition) below the value predicted by the conventional Craig & Gordon model. Furthermore, this δ18O value was always lower than the δ18O value that was measured for bulk leaf water. Our results have implications for a variety of environmental studies since it is the δ18O value of water in the chloroplasts that is the relevant quantity in considering terrestrial plants influence on the δ18O values of atmospheric CO2 and O2, as well as in influencing the δ18O of plant organic matter.