Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Being “Invisible” by Being Transparent

We study the effects of SEC oversight, proxied by a firm’s geographic proximity to the nearest SEC regional office, on the firm’s management earnings forecasts. Using exogenous changes in proximity caused by SEC district office elevations to regional status, we find that firms located in closer proximity to SEC regional offices issue management earnings forecasts more frequently. We also show that this relationship strengthens when peer firms experience SEC investigations and are more strictly obligated to clarify previous misleading information. Our results suggest that firms use voluntary disclosures to mitigate SEC oversight. We show further that firms are likely to gain credibility by disclosing more pessimistic forecasts and releasing bad news more frequently and in a timelier way. Investors (analysts) are more likely to adjust their investments (forecasts) according to management earnings forecasts issued by firms that are located near SEC offices. As a result, the SEC is less likely to issue comment letters to nearby firms that issue management earnings forecasts more often.
COVID-19: Inflation and Deflation Pressures

Pandemics can lead to rich inflation dynamics with strong inflationary as well as deflationary forces. Initially, deflationary pressures play a dominating role because idiosyncratic risk is elevated until recovery arrives. The inflation dynamics are highly dependent on government policies. Government lending programs allow the contact-intensive, distressed sector to become more indebted, which prevents deflation if the pandemic is short-lived but amplifies deflation if the pandemic lasts longer. Redistribution moderates the deflationary forces and can lead to excessive inflation in the long-run.
Decentralized Exchanges

Uniswap is one of the largest decentralized exchanges with a liquidity balance of over 3 billion USD and daily trading volume of over 700 million USD. It is designed as a system of smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain, and is a new model of liquidity provision, so called automated market making. We collect and analyze data on all 19 million Uniswap interactions from 2018 to the current time. For this new market, we characterize equilibrium liquidity pools and provide evidence that they are stable. We compare this automated market maker to Binance and establish absence of arbitrage and show conditions under which the AMM dominates a limit order market.
The Secret Behind The Tortoise and the Hare: Information Design in Contests

I analyze the optimal information disclosure problem under commitment of a “contest designer” in a class of binary action contests with incomplete information about the abilities of the players. If the contest designer wants to incentivize the players to play in equilibrium a particular strategy profile, she can design an information disclosure rule, formally a stochastic communication mechanism, to which she will commit and then use to “talk” with the players. The main tool to carry out the analysis is the concept of Bayes Correlated Equilibrium recently introduced in the literature. I find that the optimal information disclosure rules involve private information revelation (manipulation), which is also cost-effective for the designer. Furthermore, the optimal disclosure rule involves asymmetric and in most cases correlated signals that convey only partial information about the abilities of the players.
Microconvection of MHD Solarized Nanofluid in the Presence of Double Slip and Surface Suction

In recent years, some researchers have analyzed nanofluids and tried to identify potential active ingredients that give nanofluids enormous thermal conductivity (nanoparticle suspensions). In such suspensions, the Brownian motion of the nanoparticles is the only technique expected to enhance the thermal conductivity of the nanofluids, and the sections that can contribute to this are the subject of rules and discussion. When studying the flow, the influence of Brownian motion through the implantation of nanoparticles into the base fluid was investigated and came to the conclusion that Brownian motion of nanoparticles is the only means associated with the enormously improved thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Suction is the only viable way to control cooling rate in multiple product formation processes. The quality and mechanical properties of the final product can be improved by controlling the cooling rate during the melting of raw material and the subsequent condensation process. Slip conditions of the first and second order are also included in the current development. An interesting feature of this model is that the Brownian motion of nanoparticles can be accelerated by solar energy, thereby increasing the temperature of the base fluid. These interesting features increase the demand for this model in many industrial applications.
Private Equity Buyouts and Firm Exports: Evidence from UK Firms

This paper examines the impact of private equity buyouts on the export activity of target firms. We exploit data on UK firms over the 2004-2017 period, and use difference-in-differences estimations on matched target versus non-target firms. Following private equity buyouts, non-exporting firms are more likely to begin exporting, and target firms are likewise more likely to increase their value of exports and their export intensity. Evidence from split-sample analysis further suggests that these patterns are consistent with private equity investors relaxing financial constraints and inducing productivity improvements.
Management Going Concern Disclosure, Mitigation Plan, and Failure Prediction - Implications from ASU 2014-15

The going concern (GC) assumption forms the basis for preparing financial statements unless liquidation becomes imminent. ASU 2014-15 requires management to evaluate GC uncertainties quarterly and provide disclosures in the notes. I compare management GC disclosures between the pre-standard and post-standard regimes. I find that the market reacts negatively to substantial doubt in GC only after ASU 2014-15. Next, I find the effect of ASU 2014-15 for quarterly reports, but not annual reports. More importantly, by employing detailed textual analysis to extract and categorize mitigation-plan discussions, I show that certain types of management mitigation plans are interpreted more positively by investors after ASU 2014-15, thereby alleviating the negative market reaction. These plans include issuing debt, debt restructuring, increasing revenue, and selling assets. Finally, I demonstrate that management GC conclusions are more indicative of corporate failures after ASU 2014-15 and that mitigation-plan discussions are associated with firms' future viability.
A SWOT analysis of groundnut farm households: Evidence from Mirzapur District in India

Tabash, M. I. , Singh, P. K. , Bhatt, R. K. & Pandey, A. K. (2021). A SWOT analysis of groundnut farm households: Evidence from Mirzapur District in India. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 27 (4), 656–666 In this study, SWOT analysis has been used to understand the safety precautions, cost-benefit measures, farmers’ skill, and few eco-friendly indicators. Generally, socio-economic characteristics of an agriculture farm community illustrate production, investment, educational status, farmers’ skill, their lifestyle, and the overall development scenario and prospects. To understand the status of these indicators a cross-sectional study was conducted in the Sikhar block of Mirzapur District, Uttar Pradesh, India. Data was collected through face to face interviews with the help of a pre-structured schedule. This work has found farmers’ awareness and application of herbicides are the major strengths in solving existing issues. Weaknesses include lack of latest information, skill in farms households, and inconsistencies in the application of a divergent range and scientific suggestions. Opportunities include alignment with farmers using strategies and existing tools with the application of herbicides as cost-effective and also helpful in reducing irrigation requirements. Threats consider that the application of herbicides to remove unwanted plants is one of the best and more effective but it should be applied in judicial form and farm households should have proper training and scientific recommendations about its application procedure. The present study will help in making strategies for farm households to improving decision-making to solve major issues, but also widely interpreting and communicating to select cost-effective methods. Policymakers should also be careful about weaknesses and it can be minimized by facilitating with proper infrastructure, awareness campaigns, interdisciplinary research, and institutional support to farm households.
Development of healthy milk drink with incorporation of wheat grass juice

The study was conducted with an objective to develop healthy flavored milk drink with incorporation of wheat grass juice in double tonned milk. Sugar (6 and 7%) and flavor (rose and vanilla) was selected on the bases of sensory evaluation. The experimental C1 (withoutautoclaved) and C2 (with autoclaved) of flavored milk drink were developed with different combination of double toned milk and wheatgrass juice in the ratio of 6:1, 9:1, 12:1 and selected on the bases of sensory evaluation. The control product was prepared with the addition of sugar (6%) and rose flavour without wheatgrass juice. The different samples were evaluated for physic-chemical properties. The treatment C2 with 12:1 milk and wheatgrass juice, 6% sugar and rose flavor was at par with the control in terms of organoleptic and physico-chemical attributes. It is concluded that wheat grass juice can be incorporated for development of healthy milk drink without compromising the palatability and quality of the product.
Sedimentation behavior of mixed solid particles

ABSTRACT During the material relocation phase of core-disruptive accidents in sodium-cooled fast reactors, the sedimentation behavior of fragmented debris discharged from the reactor core into the lower plenum region leading to a debris-bed formation is crucial in regard to in-vessel retention and safety concerns. The height of the beds formed may influence both the cooling of the bed from the decay heat in the fuel and the neutronic characteristics. To develop an experimental database of bed formation behavior, a series of experiments using simulant materials, namely, Al2O3, ZrO2, and stainless steel, were performed under gravity-driven discharge of solid particles from a nozzle into a quiescent cylindrical water pool. The bed height was measured for particles of different size, density, and sphericity, and an injection nozzle with varying diameter, injection velocity, and injection height. From these experiments, an empirical correlation was established to predict the bed height for both homogeneous and mixed particles for the different properties. This correlation reproduces reasonably well the experimental trend in bed height with critical factors, which were identified in this and previous experiments.
Efeito de diferentes meios de armazenamento em propriedades físicas do esmalte clareado = um estudo in vitro vs. in situ = Effect of different storage conditions on physical properties of bleched enamel: an in vitro vs. in situ study

O clareamento dental e realizado atraves do peroxido de hidrogenio que se difunde pela estrutura dentaria produzindo radicais livres, que por sua vez quebram as moleculas de pigmento no interior dente fazendo com que o mesmo tenha aparencia mais clara. Apesar de o clareamento ser um procedimento efetivo, nao ha consenso na literatura em relacao aos efeitos adversos que ele pode causar na estrutura dentaria. Este conflito entre os resultados pode ser devido ao modo como estes estudos sao realizados no que se refere ao meio de armazenamento das amostras. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes meios de armazenamento in vitro e in situ na estrutura do esmalte clareado, por meio da microdureza knoop (KHN) e analise da variacao de cor. Para isso, foram utilizados 48 blocos dentais bovinos aleatoriamente divididos em quatro grupos (n=12), de acordo com o meio de armazenamento: agua purificada (PW), saliva artificial (AS), saliva natural (NS), in situ (IS). Foram realizadas tres sessoes de clareamento com peroxido de hidrogenio a 35%, com intervalo de sete dias entre elas. Cada sessao consistiu em tres aplicacoes de 15 minutos de gel clareador, totalizando 45 minutos. As leituras de cor e KHN foram realizadas antes das amostras serem colocadas no meio de armazenamento (t1), depois de 24h no meio de armazenamento (t2) e apos 24h ao termino do tratamento clareador (t3). Ao final do clareamento, duas amostras extras de cada grupo foram analisadas em microscopio eletronico de varredura (SEM). Os resultados KHN foram analisados pelo modelo de medidas repetidas PROC-MIXED, teste de Tukey-Kramer com nivel de significância de 5%. A analise da variacao de cor, ΔL, Δa, Δb, ΔE entre os diferentes tempos Δ1 (t1-t2) e Δ2 (t2-t3) foi realizada atraves do teste de Kruskal-Wallis, seguido pelo teste de Dunn (α=0,05). Nao houve diferenca estatisticamente significante na KHN em t1 e t2. Em t3 o grupo PW apresentou valores significativamente menores que outros grupos. Na analise de cor ΔE2, IS apresentou menores valores diferindo estatisticamente de AS. Em Δb1 o grupo IS apresentou valores mais elevados em relacao aos outros grupos, enquanto em Δb2, IS obteve menores valores, diferindo apenas de AS. Em ΔL1 nao houve diferenca entre os grupos, entretanto em ΔL2, PW e AS diferiram estatisticamente de IS, e NS mostrou valores similares a IS. SEM mostrou alteracao na superficie de esmalte em PW. As condicoes de armazenamento apresentaram diferentes efeitos nas propriedades fisicas do esmalte. A saliva natural foi a unica que apresentou, em todos os parâmetros avaliados, comportamento semelhante ao armazenamento in situ. Abstract
Oxidation pathways and emission sources of atmospheric particulate nitrate in Seoul : 1 based on

11 PM2.5 haze pollution driven by secondary inorganic NO3 has been a great concern in East Asia. It is, 12 therefore, imperative to identify its sources and oxidation processes, for which nitrogen and oxygen 13 stable isotopes are powerful tracers. Here, we determined the N (NO3) and ΔO (NO3) of PM2.5 in 14 Seoul from 2018 to 2019, and estimated quantitatively the relative contribution of oxidation pathways 15 for particulate NO3 and major NOx emission sources. In the range of PM2.5 mass concentration from 16 7.5 g m (summer) to 139.0 g m (winter), the mean  N was -0.7  3.3 ‰ and 3.8  3.7 ‰, and 17 the mean ΔO was 23.2  2.2 ‰ and 27.7  2.2 ‰ in the summer and winter, respectively. While OH 18 oxidation was the dominant pathway for NO3 during the summer (87 %), nighttime formation via N2O5 19 and NO3 was more important (38 %) during the winter, when aerosol liquid water content (AWLC) and 20 nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR) were higher. Interestingly, the highest ΔO was coupled with the lowest 21  N and highest NOR in record-breaking winter PM2.5 episodes, revealing the critical role of 22 photochemical oxidation process in severe winter haze development. For NOx sources, vehicle 23 emissions were confirmed as a main contributor, followed by biomass combustion from various 24 activities. The contribution from biogenic soil and coal combustion was slightly increased in summer 25 and winter, respectively. Our results built on multiple-isotope approach provide the first explicit 26 evidence for NO3 formation processes and major NOx emission sources in Seoul megacity and suggest 27 an effective mitigation measure to improve PM2.5 pollution. 28 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-487 Preprint. Discussion started: 19 July 2021 c © Author(s) 2021. CC BY 4.0 License.
Four Ostensible Near-Death Experiences of Roman Times with Peculiar Features: Mistake Cases, Correction Cases, Xenoglossy, and Prediction

Abstract: In this paper, I present four apparent near-death experiences (NDEs) reported in Roman times. Despite their uncertain reliability, they contain features deserving attention. Three reports involve taking the wrong person to the realm of death by mistake ("mistake cases"), and even include the claim that the correct person had died after the NDEr revived ("correction cases"). Though common in Asia, such cases are absent in contemporary Western NDE reports. The fourth report contains an alleged correct future prediction and xenoglossy, the latter being a novum to NDE research. After introducing the four cases, I discuss their peculiar features and some related aspects of near-death states with a focus on their relevance for future NDE research.
Emotion, competence and confidence in choice under uncertainty

This paper presents the results of two experiments testing reaction to risk and uncertainty of a sample of 66 Italian university students. Risky prospects were based on games of chance, while uncertain lotteries were based on the forthcoming results of either the May 2001 Italian general political election or the June 2004 election for the European Parliament. We computed decision weights for risk and uncertainty; we also collected data as regards the subjects’ degree of belief, expressed by probability judgements, for the same uncertain events. Our results show that the subjects’ behaviour is consistent with expected utility theory as regards risk, but not under uncertainty. In particular, our subjects show a strong superadditivity in the decision weights and the possibility effect (lower subadditivity) is stronger than the certainty effect (upper subadditivity). There is also evidence that emotions, actual competence and confidence positively affect the possibility effect, whereas they do not have any influence on the certainty effect, reinforcing the lack of symmetry between the two effects
Price setting frequency and the Phillips curve ∗ Link to the latest version

We develop a New Keynesian (NK) model with endogenous price setting frequency. Whether a firm updates its price in a given period depends on an analysis of expected cost and benefits modelled by a discrete choice process. A firm decides to update the price when expected benefits outweigh expected cost and then resets the price optimally. As markups are countercyclical, the model predicts that prices are more flexible during expansions and less flexible during recessions. Our quantitative analysis shows that contrary to the standard NK model, the assumed price setting behaviour: (i) is consistent with micro data on price setting frequency; (ii) gives rise to an accelerating Phillips curve that is steeper during expansions and flatter during recessions; (iii) explains shifts in the Phillips curve associated with different historical episodes without relying on implausible high cost-push shocks and nominal rigidities inconsistent with micro data; (iv) largely improves the macroeconomic time series fit of a medium-scale NK model.
ABSTRACT The Growth of Low Skill Service Jobs and the Polarization of the U.S. Labor Market

We offer an integrated explanation and empirical analysis of the polarization of U.S. employment and wages between 1980 and 2005, and the concurrent growth of low skill service occupations. We attribute polarization to the interaction between consumer preferences, which favor variety over specialization, and the falling cost of automating routine, codifiable job tasks. Applying a spatial equilibrium model, we derive, test, and confirm four implications of this hypothesis. Local labor markets that were specialized in routine activities differentially adopted information technology, reallocated low skill labor into service occupations (employment polarization), experienced earnings growth at the tails of the distribution (wage polarization), and received inflows of skilled labor.
Analysis of gender representation in basic level English textbooks in Ghana

Textbooks are known to influence the behaviours and worldview of children. Apart from imparting critical knowledge to pupils, textbooks also encourage pupils to form certain perceptions and stereotypes, including the ‘appropriate’ gender-specific roles in society. This paper examined gender stereotypes in the content and design of the Pupil’s English textbook at the Basic Level in Ghana using content analysis. The study revealed that, as teaching materials, the English Pupil’s Books 1, 2 and 3 displayed gross gender bias that reinforces the stereotypical roles of males and females in Ghanaian society. This does not reflect the development of society towards equality between men and women since there was no equality in how both genders are represented in the textbooks.Keywords: Gender; stereotype; gender stereotype; textbooks
Thyroid hormone deficiency during zebrafish development impairs central nervous system myelination

Thyroid hormones are messengers that bind to specific nuclear receptors and regulate a wide range of physiological processes in the early stages of vertebrate embryonic development, including neurodevelopment and myelogenesis. We here tested the effects of reduced T3 availability upon the myelination process by treating zebrafish embryos with low concentrations of iopanoic acid (IOP) to block T4 to T3 conversion. Black Gold II staining showed that T3 deficiency reduced the myelin density in the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and the spinal cord at 3 and 7 dpf. These observations were confirmed in 3 dpf mbp:egfp transgenic zebrafish, showing that the administration of IOP reduced the fluorescent signal in the brain. T3 rescue treatment restored brain myelination and reversed the changes in myelin-related gene expression induced by IOP exposure. NG2 immunostaining revealed that T3 deficiency reduced the amount of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in 3 dpf IOP-treated larvae. Altogether, the present results show that inhibition of T4 to T3 conversion results in hypomyelination, suggesting that THs are part of the key signaling molecules that control the timing of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin synthesis from very early stages of brain development.