Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapid adaptive of colour vision in the threespine stickleback radiation.

Vision is a sensory modality of fundamental importance for many animals, aiding in foraging, detection of predators, and mate choice. Adaptation to local ambient light conditions is thought to be commonplace, and a match between spectral sensitivity and light spectrum is predicted. We use opsin gene expression to test for local adaptation and matching of spectral sensitivity in multiple independent 36 lake populations of threespine stickleback populations derived since the last ice age 37 from an ancestral marine form. We show that sensitivity across the visual spectrum 38 is shifted repeatedly towards longer wavelengths in freshwater compared with the 39 ancestral marine form. Laboratory rearing suggests this shift is largely genetically 40 based. Using a new metric, we found that the magnitude of shift in spectral 41 sensitivity in each population corresponds strongly to the transition in the availability 42 of different wavelengths of light between the marine and lake environment. We also 43 found evidence of local adaptation by sympatric benthic and limnetic ecotypes to 44 different light environments within lakes. Our findings indicate rapid parallel evolution 45 of the visual system to altered light conditions. The changes have not, however, 46 yielded a close matching of spectrum-wide sensitivity to wavelength availability, for reasons we discuss.
Effects of short ﬂexible seagrass Zostera noltei on ﬂow, erosion and deposition processes determined using ﬂume experiments

Innovative ﬂume experiments were conducted in a recirculating straight ﬂume. Zostera noltei meadows were sampled in their natural bed sediments in the ﬁeld at contrasting stages of their seasonal growth. The aims of this study were: (i) to quantify the combined effects of leaf ﬂexibility and development characteristics of Zostera noltei canopies on their interaction with hydrodynamics; and (ii) to quantify the role of Zostera noltei meadows in suspended sediment trapping and bed sediment resuspension related with changes in hydrodynamic forcing caused by the seasonal development of seagrasses. Velocity within the canopy was signiﬁcantly damped. The attenuation in velocity ranged from 34 to 87% compared with bare sediments and was associated with a density threshold resulting from the ﬂow-induced canopy reconﬁguration. The reduction in ﬂow was higher in dense canopies at higher velocities than in less dense canopies, in which the reduction in ﬂow was greater at low velocities. These contrasted results can be explained by competition between a rough-wall boundary layer caused by the bed and a shear layer caused by the canopy. The velocity attenuation was associated with a two to three-fold increase in bottom shear stress compared with unvegetated sediment. Despite the increase in near-bed turbulence, protection of the sediment against erosion increased under a fully developed meadow, while sediment properties were found to be the main factor controlling erosion in a less developed meadow. Deposition ﬂuxes were higher on the vegetated bed than on bare sediments, and these ﬂuxes increased with leaf density. Fewer freshly deposited sediments were resuspended in vegetated beds, resulting in an increase in net sediment deposition with meadow growth. However, in the case of a very high leaf area index, sediment was mostly deposited on leaves, which facilitated subsequent resuspension and resulted in less efﬁcient sediment trapping than in the less developed meadow.
Combination immunotherapy: a road map The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters

Cancer immunotherapy and in particular monoclonal antibodies blocking the inhibitory programed cell death 1 pathway (PD-1/PD-L1) have made a significant impact on the treatment of cancer patients in recent years. However, despite the remarkable clinical efficacy of these agents in a number of malignancies, it has become clear that they are not sufficiently active for many patients. Initial evidence, for example with combined inhibition of PD-1 and CTLA-4 in melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), has highlighted the potential to further enhance the clinical benefits of monotherapies by combining agents with synergistic mechanisms of action. In order to address the current progress and consider challenges associated with these novel approaches, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) convened a Combination Immunotherapy Task Force. This Task Force was charged with identifying and prioritizing the most promising prospects for combinatorial approaches as well as addressing the challenges associated with developing these strategies. As a result of the extensive clinical benefit and tolerable side effects demonstrated with agents inhibiting the PD-1 pathway, an overview of current evidence to support its promising potential for use as a backbone in combination strategies is presented. In addition, key issues in the development of these strategies including preclinical modeling, patient safety and toxicity considerations, clinical trial design, and endpoints are also discussed. Overall, the goal of this manuscript is to provide a summary of the current status and potential challenges associated with the development and clinical implementation of these strategies.
Tolerability and E ﬃ cacy of Customized IncobotulinumtoxinA Injections for Essential Tremor: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

: In this ﬁrst, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled exploratory trial, we evaluate the e ﬃ cacy and safety of incobotulinumtoxinA and feasibility of using kinematic tremor assessment to aid in the planning of muscle selection in a multicenter setting. Reproducibility of the planning technology to other clinical sites was explored. In this trial (NCT02207946), patients with upper-limb essential tremor (ET) were randomized 2:1 to a single treatment cycle of incobotulinumtoxinA or placebo. A tremor kinematic analytics investigational device was used to deﬁne a customized muscle set for injection, related to the pattern of the wrist, forearm, elbow, and shoulder tremor for each patient, and the incobotulinumtoxinA dose per muscle (total ≤ 200 U). Fahn–Tolosa–Marin (FTM) Part B motor performance score, Global Impression of Change Scale (GICS), and kinematic analysis-based e ﬃ cacy evaluations were assessed. Thirty patients were randomized (incobotulinumtoxinA, n = 19; placebo, n = 11). FTM motor performance scores showed greater improvement with incobotulinumtoxinA versus placebo at Week 4 ( p = 0.003) and Week 8 ( p = 0.031). The physician-rated GICS score indicated improvement with incobotulinumtoxinA versus placebo at Week 4 ( p < 0.05). IncobotulinumtoxinA also decreased accelerometric hand-tremor amplitude versus placebo from baseline to ET after a single injection cycle, with a favorable tolerability proﬁle. The study showed that tremor kinematic analytics technology could be successfully scaled for use in other clinical sites. Key Contribution: This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter, exploratory trial used kinematic-based tremor assessment and muscle selection for customized treatment of upper limb ET with incobotulinumtoxinA injections. Tremor severity decreased and hand motor function improved in patients, with a favorable tolerability proﬁle, and the feasibility of kinematic assessment at multiple sites was demonstrated.
ENHANCEMENT OF PHYSIO-BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF WHEAT THROUGH EXOGENOUS APPLICATION OF SALICYLIC ACID UNDER DROUGHT STRESS

Water-stress is one of the major contributing factors, which limits the productivity of most of the crops plants under arid-and semi-arid environments. The proportionate reduction is associated with crop varieties, crop growth stage, and degree of severity of water stress under the given environments. The pot culture studies were conducted to quantify the efficacy of exogenously applied salicylic acid (SA) under drought environment on wheat crop as an amerliorative measure. The treatments consisted of three factors, (a) two watering regims (no water stress, water stress at 60 % moisture of the field capacity), (b) two levels of salicylic acid (0 mg L -1 , 200 mg L -1 ), and (c) two wheat varieties (MH-97, S-24), arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications. The results showed that biological yield of variety MH-97 was higher by 42.71 % compared to S-24, while its quantity was reduced by 72.29 % due to drought condition. However, this reduction in biomass was mitigated by 20.1 % by spraying of 200 mg L -1 salicylic acid. MH-97 was efficient in maintaining higher chlorophyll content by 3.2 % than S-24. The SPAD values of chlorophyll were higher by 46.0 % under drought stress compared to 42.11 % under fully irrigated crop, while, it was improved by 12.5 % by spray of SA. The spray of SA caused increase in total soluble proteins by 22.8 % over untreated check. The fully irrigated crop maintained 41.1 % higher free amino acids compared to drought stressed crop, while, quantity of amino acids were enhanced by 17.28 % by spray of salicyclic acid over untreated check. MH-97 contained an amount of 10.74 mg K + g -1 compared to S-24 having 12.0 mg K + g -1 nutrient. The water stressed crop maintained 15.43 % higher amount of K + compared to fully irrigated crop, and simultaneously improved by 15.34 % by spray of salicylic acid. Water stressed crop maintained 12.89 mg Na + g -1 compared to 11.26 mg g -1 under fully irrigated condition. The spray of 200 mg L -1 SA lowered the amount of Na + by 6.76 % compared to untreated check. The spray of SA improved 100-grain weight by 9.43 % over untreated check. MH-97 produced higher grain yield, 100-grain weight, number of spikes plant -1 , number of spiklets plant -1 , and number of tillers plant -1 . Therefore, the spray of SA at the rate of 200 mg L -1 could rescue the wheat crop to withstand the vagaries of waterstress conditions.
CIA_A_324975 1943..1953

*These authors contributed equally to this work Purpose: This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between bisphosphonate use and intraoperative blood loss following surgery for metastatic spinal disease. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed cancer patients who were treated by metastatic spinal tumor surgery at our institution. Recorded data included intraoperative blood loss, timing and duration of bisphosphonate use, and other important confounding factors. We showed the results of crude model, minimally adjusted model, and fully adjusted model to fully observe the effects of bisphosphonates under different adjustment strategies. The timing and duration of bisphosphonate exposure were assessed and statistical results were tested to identify a trend. Results: A total of 467 patients were treated by metastatic spinal tumor surgery, with or without bisphosphonate treatments. In all adjustment strategies, intraoperative blood loss was lower in patients using bisphosphonates than in patients without bisphosphonate treatments. In the fully adjusted model, the effect size, confidence interval, and p value were −246.4, −447.0 to −45.8, and 0.017, respectively. In terms of duration, all three models showed the same duration–response relationship: a longer duration of bisphosphonate use accurately predicted a smaller amount of blood loss (p for trend <0.001). We observed an interaction between operative time and bisphosphonate use, the effect size in the bottom tertile group was significantly smaller than that in the other two groups. Conclusion: We found that the preoperative use of bisphosphonates could reduce the amount of intraoperative blood loss during metastatic spinal tumor surgery, especially for surgery with longer operative time.
Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left DLPFC improves emotion regulation

: The study of emotion regulation constitutes a major area of research for having a complete picture of human emotional experience, and several lines of evidence claim that poor emotion regulation skills are particularly deleterious in different aspects of life. Previous tDCS studies have suggested the beneficial role of DLPFC stimulation to improve emotion processing and regulation. The present study was therefore conducted to confirm and extend the effects of DLPFC stimulation on emotion regulation by including both positive and negative emotional material. In this between subjects study, participants were randomly assigned to receive active or sham stimulation over the left DLPFC. Participants viewed negative, positive, and neutral pictures while attempting to decrease, increase, or not modulate their emotional reactions. Subjective reactions were assessed via on-line ratings. The main results show that anodal tDCS stimulation over the left DLPFC slightly improves the ability to increase emotion perception for positive emotions. More interestingly, the results demonstrate that tDCS enhances the regulation of both positive and negative emotions when the baseline is considered. This study provides additional data on the use of tDCS as a tool to increase emotion regulation not only for negative affective material, but also for positive ones.
The Bacillus subtilis spoOB Stage 0 Sporulation Operon Encodes an Essential GTP-Binding Proteint

Transcription of the spoOB gene and genes downstream of it was investigated by S1 nuclease protection experiments. The spoOB gene was transcribed from a single promoter, and this transcript extended through a gene, obg, coding for a 47,668 Mr protein. Transcription of this operon ended in a stem-loop structure. The sequence of the deduced obg protein contained a region with homology to known GTP-binding proteins in the nucleotide-binding regions. The amino-terminal portion of this protein showed homology to mammalian collagen, suggesting a structural role. The purified obg protein was shown to bind [CL-32P]GTP in vitro. Several attempts to inactivate the obg gene were unsuccessful, indicating that the obg gene product was essential for growth. The possible function of this protein and its relationship to RAS-like proteins and sporulation was discussed. Immediately downstream of the obg gene were two genes involved in phenylalanine biosynthesis, pheB and pheA. The pheA gene coded for monofunctional prephenate dehydratase, on the basis of the high homology of the deduced amino acid sequence to prephenate dehydratases of bacterial origin. The sequence of the pheB gene product was not homologous to chorismate mutase, and its function remains unknown. Transcription of the phe genes was shown to begin at the stem-loop structure between obg and pheB. The possibility was entertained that phe gene transcription arises from processing or antitermination of the spoOB transcript.
DNA Mismatch Repair Proteins Are Required for Efﬁcient Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Replication (cid:1)

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a double-stranded DNA virus that replicates in the nucleus of its human host cell and is known to interact with many cellular DNA repair proteins. In this study, we examined the role of cellular mismatch repair (MMR) proteins in the virus life cycle. Both MSH2 and MLH1 are required for efﬁcient replication of HSV-1 in normal human cells and are localized to viral replication compartments. In addition, a previously reported interaction between MSH6 and ICP8 was conﬁrmed by coimmunoprecipitation and extended to show that UL12 is also present in this complex. We also report for the ﬁrst time that MLH1 associates with ND10 nuclear bodies and that like other ND10 proteins, MLH1 is recruited to the incoming genome. Knockdown of MLH1 inhibits immediate-early viral gene expression. MSH2, on the other hand, which is generally thought to play a role in mismatch repair at a step prior to that of MLH1, is not recruited to incoming genomes and appears to act at a later step in the viral life cycle. Silencing of MSH2 appears to inhibit early gene expression. Thus, both MLH1 and MSH2 are required but appear to participate in distinct events in the virus life cycle. The observation that MLH1 plays an earlier role in
Energy and Water Cycles in a High-Latitude, North-Flowing River System

Abstract The MacKenzie Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Study, Phase 1, seeks to improve understanding of energy and water cycling in the Mackenzie River basin (MRB) and to initiate and test atmospheric, hydrologic, and coupled models that will project the sensitivity of these cycles to climate change and to human activities. Major findings from the study are outlined in this paper. Absorbed solar radiation is a primary driving force of energy and water, and shows dramatic temporal and spatial variability. Cloud amounts feature large diurnal, seasonal, and interannual fluctuations. Seasonality in moisture inputs and outputs is pronounced. Winter in the northern MRB features deep thermal inversions. Snow hydrological processes are very significant in this high-latitude environment and are being successfully modeled for various landscapes. Runoff processes are distinctive in the major terrain units, which is important to overall water cycling. Lakes and wetlands compose much of MRB and are p.
Six Dimensions of Sexual Disgust APPROVED BY SUPERVISING COMMITTEE:

Sexual disgust is an emotion hypothesized to deter individuals from engaging in sexual activities that are probabilistically detrimental to fitness. Existing measures of sexual disgust are limited in treating sexual disgust as a unitary construct, potentially missing its multidimensional nature. We conducted three studies to address these limitations. In a preliminary study, women and men (N = 204) nominated over 2,300 unique items that they considered sexually disgusting across a variety of different contexts. Study 1 (N = 331) identified the factor structure of the 50 most frequently nominated items and established construct validity with significant associations between sexual disgust and major dimensions of personality. Correlations between the Three Domains of Disgust Scale and our six-factor measure of sexual disgust established convergent validity. Study 2 (N = 319) confirmed the factor structure found in Study 1, established further convergent validity and examined sex differences and other individual differences in sexual disgust. Discussion focuses on the theoretical importance and psychometric validity of the Sexual Disgust Inventory--a new six-factor measure of sexual disgust.
University of Birmingham Remote regulation of magnetic particle targeted Wnt signaling for bone tissue engineering

Wnt signalling is critically involved in the differentiation (hMSC). Wnt proteins therefore have considerable therapeutic value, but are expensive and difficult to produce. UM206 is a synthetic peptide and ligand for the Wnt receptor Frizzled. Attachment of UM206 to magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) enables the ligand-MNP complex to be manipulated using magnetic fields, allowing control of Frizzled stimulation. Using this approach, Wnt signalling was activated in hMSC which resulted in Frizzled clustering, β-catenin translocalisation and activation of TCF/LEF responsive transcription. During osteogenesis, UM206-MNP initiated localised mineralised matrix formation. Injection and magnetic stimulation of UM206-MNP-labelled MSC in ex vivo chick femurs resulted in increased mineralisation which acted synergistically with addition of bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2) releasing micro-particles. As this facilitates external control over signal transduction, conjugated MNP technology has applications both as a research tool and for regulating tissue formation in clinical cell therapies.
CONTROL OF VORTEX INTERACTIONS IN A REATTACHING SEPARATED FLOW

Several experimental studies have shown that large scale orgamed vortex rings are produced in reattaching separated flows. Understanding of the interactions between these vortex rings are much important in the development of such flows in the downstream. An experimental work from a backward facing step have been made in the control of mixing by the use of techniques that affect the behavior of the vortex formed in the recirculating zone. Active controlling in the form of periodic flow perturbations caused by changing the step angle has been found to be effective in forming the flow over backward facing step by encouraging 1 &scouraging pairing of the large scale structures that are responsible for much of the entrainment. Also, such a technique allows higher pressure at the base and hence low base drag which may provide useful design guidance for perojectiles. A finite difFerence solution using boundary layer equations with marching technique was also performed for comparison with experimental results. A flow visualization gives some idea for the spreading of the flow over the step. Applying the present active mixing control technique leads to a shorter reattachment length and faster spreading which is particularly important in dump combustors, since a shorter recirculating zone allows a shorter overall design of the system.
EFFECT OF SALT CONSENTRATION ON THE ORGANOLEPTIC AND NUTRIENTS CONTENT OF MANDAI (TRADITIONAL FERMENTED JACKFRUIT)

Mandai (fermented jackfruit) is traditional food from South Borneo. It was salted fermentation from rind part of Artocarpus champeden. Salt is contributing on the selection of microbial growth during fermentation processes of mandai, and potentially influence it’s nutrientsal content. Objective: To identify the effect of salt concentrations on the organoleptic and nutrientsal content (protein, fat, carbohydrates, and dietary fiber) of mandai. Methods : It was true experimental study with four treatment groups consists of 0%,2%,6% and 10% of salt consentrations. This study was done by completely randomized design with two times of each treatment. Orgnoleptic properties were examined by 30 panelis by using Hedonic scale test method. Data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis continued with post hoc Duncan Multiple Range Test. Nutrientsal content were examined by using proximate method and data were analyzed using Anova and continued using Duncan multiple range test. Results : This study found that variation of salt on the fermentation processed of mandai was significantly influence the organoleptic properties including in colour (p<0.0001), flavour (p=0.003), taste (p<0.0001), and texture (p=0,0043). The best of nutrientsal content of mandai were found in 10% of salt concentration which consist of 1,47% of protein, 16,22% of fat, 2,28% carbohydrates and 23,78% of dietary fiber. Conclusion : Consentrations of salt in the process of mandai fermentation were influence the organoleptic and nutrientsal properties of mandai.
CONDITIONAL INDIRECT EFFECTS OF CLIMATE FOR SERVICE ON OCB THROUGH WORK ENGAGEMENT: THE ROLE OF SUPERVISOR’S ORGANIZATIONAL EMBODIMENT.

This present research aims to analyze the concept of climate for service and the mediating and moderating processes through which it is associated with organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). It has been tested whether work engagement mediated the relationship between climate for service and OCB by using a sample of 593 employees from one large retail store. It was also examined whether the supervisor’s organizational embodiment (SOE) would moderate the link between climate for service and work engagement. Results confirmed both mediating and moderating effects in the research model, highlighting the relevance of such variables in a climate for service scenario.