Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-Medication Practices and Associated Factors Among Health-Care Professionals in Selected Hospitals of Western Ethiopia Patient Preference and Adherence

Background: Even though the type, extent and reasons for self-medication practice (SMP) vary, globally self-medication (SM) is rising to relieve burdens on health services. However, inappropriate SMP results in economic wastes, damage of vital organs, incorrect therapy selection, risk of adverse drug reactions and development of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. These consequences have severe implications including legal, ethical and quality of health-care delivery. Temporal increment and high prevalence of SM among health professionals is also a major bottleneck for Ethiopia. Hence, the study aimed to assess the SM among health-care professionals (HCPs) in selected governmental hospitals of Western Ethiopia. Methods: An instiution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 338 HCPs using a pre-tested and self-adminstered questionnaries from March 1 to 25, 2018. Simple random sampling was used to select study participants and SMP (yes or no) was the outcome of the study variable. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) were calculated and all results were deemed to be statistically signi ﬁ cant when p < 0.05. Results: Among the 338 participants, 184 (54.4%) were females and the mean age of the study participants was 25±3.23 years. About 154 (45.6%) of them had work experience of less than 5 years and 49.7% were nurses by profession. The prevalence of SM was 73.4% with 3 months of recall for SM. Familiarity with medicines and ailments (46.8%) and mildness of illness (40.7%) were the most common reasons to self-medicate. The most frequently reported ailments were headache (37.1%) and gastric pain (29.8%). Analgesics (44.4%) and antibiotics (42.7%) were the most commonly used self-medicated categories of drugs. Female sex (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =2.13, 95% CI: 1.43 – 8.66), age 20 – 29 years (AOR=4.53, 95% CI: 1.01 – 14.45) and work experience of <5 years (AOR= 3.01, 95% CI: 1.32 – 11.71) were signi ﬁ cantly associated with SMPs. Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of SMP among HCPs. Sex, age, and work experience were signi ﬁ cantly associated with SMPs. Hence, the use of prescription drugs without prescription should be discouraged and appropriate health education should be provided by all concerned bodies on the proper use of drugs.
Radical Right Ideologies and Foreign Policy Preference: Attitudes towards Russia, China, and the USA in EU Member States

the comparative study of the ABSTRACT How and why do supporters of radical right-wing ideologies deviate from the general population in their opinion on foreign powers? Evidence from surveys suggests that “anti -co smopolitan” stances predict more negative views of both the US and China simultaneously. This qualifies the idea of a new “cold war” between these states, in which EU citizens pick their sides. Centrist and especially centre-right party support predict more positive attitudes towards the US, but they dissipate further to the right, to the point that voters of parties like Alternative for Germany prefer China (pre-covid-19). However, the strongest and most consistent relationship is between support or tolerance for radical right parties and the favourable perception of Russia. This holds even for most Central and Eastern European states, although to a lesser degree than in Western Europe. The difference in favourability is so drastic that it reverses expected international trade preferences, such that the more protectionist radical right voters favour economic ties with a foreign country (Russia) more than does the general population. The voters are receptive to Russia’s consistent “anti - cosmopolitan” image, w hich taps rhetorically into socially right-wing views in EU member states, including ethno-nationalism and anti-immigration. If the ideological “cold war” -type tension exists at the individual level, the opposition is not between the US and China, but both countries and Russia. Hypothesis 2: non-radical centrist attitudes, whether right-wing or left-wing, lead to higher support for the US and China, but lower support for Russia. Hypothesis 2 (H 2 ): centrist attitudes, whether right-wing or left-wing, will lead to higher support for the US and China, but lower support for Russia.
Variable grid-size and time-step finite difference method for seismic forward modeling and reverse-time migration

A new variable grid-size and time-step finite-difference (FD) method is developed and applied to three different geophysical problems: simulation of tube waves in boreholes, three-dimensional (3-D) ground-motion simulation in sedimentary basin models, and reverse-time migration of multicomponent data. Unlike the conventional FD method, which uses a fixed grid-size and time-step for the entire model region, spatially variable grid-sizes and time-steps are used to achieve the optimal computational efficiency. For tube wave simulations, a fine grid-spacing is used for simulation inside the borehole region, while a coarse grid is used in the exterior region. While the stability condition requires a very fine time step for the fine grid, a variable time-step method provides coarse time steps for simulation in the coarse grid. Variable grid-size and time-step changes are used to achieve both accuracy and efficiency in the simulations. Numerical tests are performed for the Bayou Choctaw salt-flank model with different borehole models. The results show the important borehole effects on the seismic wavefield for a realistic source bandwidth. The combination of variable grid-size and time-step methods reduces computational costs by several orders of magnitude for the borehole models. Viscoelastic 3-D simulations are performed for a three-layer Salt Lake basin model. The near-surface unconsolidated layer is modeled with a fine grid, and the deep part of the model is modeled by a coarse grid. Simulation results show that the 3-D basin features and the shallow layer significantly affect the amplitude and duration time of the ground motion. In the elastic case, the approximation by 2-D modeling is insufficient to simulate the 3-D ground motion response. A basin model without a shallow low-velocity layer underestimates the ground motion duration and cumulative kinetic energy by 50% or more. The simulation of a Bingham Mine blast suggests that a lower S-velocity should be used to get a good match between numerical results and observed field data. For ocean-bottom or land survey data associated with a low shear-velocity unconsolidated layer near the geophone locations, the variable grid FD method can be used to extrapolate wavefields using a fine grid for the shallow part and a coarse grid for the deep part. It is found that a staggered-grid reverse-time migration scheme can image both primary and multiple energy to their correct reflection positions by using both pressure and particle-velocity data. This is a new result in that migration can now be used to simultaneously image both primary and receiver-side pegleg reflections. The new variable time-step method can be used for the staggered-grid FD scheme and provides optimal computational savings. The combination of variable grid-size and time-step methods speeds up the reverse-time migration by more than ten times for the multicomponent data set in this thesis, compared to a standard reverse-time migration method.
Influence of Principals’ Instructional Leadership Behaviours on Continuous Professional Development of Tutors in Colleges of Education in Ghana

: The study investigated the influence of principals‟ instructiona l leadership behaviours on professional development of college of education tutors in Ghana. The survey design was used to randomly sample 480college tutors.Self-constructed questionnaire was used as the data collection tool and the data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed that principals in colleges of education promote collaboration among tutors, promote in-service training and supervise college tutors‟ work. It was also found that there is a statistically significant influence of principals‟ instructional leadership behaviours on professional development of college tutors in Ghana. The study concluded that instructional leadership behaviours of principals in colleges of education is a vital tool for college tutors‟ professional development. It was recommended that principals should be given regular training by GTEC and mentoring universities, to have up-to-date knowledge in instructional leadership, and, to improve upon their capacity to assume the roles as instructional leaders effectively in colleges of education in Ghana.
CONTRIBUTION OF CONSONANTS AND VOWELS TO THE PERCEPTION OF SPEAKER IDENTITY

In many studies, it is reported that stimulus contents affect the perceptual speaker identification. In our previous research, we showed that nasal sounds are effective for accurate speaker identification. In this present study, we investigate the contributions of the syllable onset consonants (C) and the syllable nucleus (V) to the perception of the speaker identity by using the hybrid CV monosyllables where C and V are uttered by two different speakers. The results showed that perceived speaker of the hybrid CV syllables was inclined to be the speaker of V, and this tendency was prominent especially with the stimuli containing nasal consonants. This suggests that vowels mainly convey speaker individuality, and nasalised vowels contain more speaker information than oral vowels.
THE AWARENESS OF SCHOOLS STUDENTS ON IMPACTS OF TOURISM AND THEIR CAREER INTENTION: THE CASE OF GAMPAHA DISTRICT, SRI LANKA

Problems associated with human resource in the tourism and hospitality industry is subject to great debates in the recent past. School students are the future leaders, but selection of tourism and hospitality careers is less frequent compared to other industries, which makes the industry vulnerable in the mid-term. Thus, the present study explores the school students’ awareness of the impacts of tourism and hospitality industry and career intention. A sample of 400 Advanced Level school students were selected for this study using the stratified systematic sampling method. To achieve the proposed research objective, a quantitative research method was adopted and data were gathered through self-administered structured questionnaires from the school students. Collected data were analysed using SPSS (version 21) package and basic descriptive statistics, factor analysis, correlation analysis and regression tests were run on data to find out the answer for the main research question. Consequently, eight features of impacts of tourism were identified: economic gains, economic losses, social hazards, social well-being, interpersonal factors, wise consumption of resources, environmental quality and environmental degradation. Regression analysis results testified positive causal relationships economic gains, social well-being, wise consumption, environmental quality and respondents’ career intentions in the tourism and hospitality industry. A significantly negative relationship between economic losses and interpersonal factors and career intention was also identified, whereas awareness on social hazards and environmental degradation upon career intentions were not statistically significant. Tourism and hospitality policy makers and professionals can encourage more school leavers to join with the tourism industry by applying the recommendations provided based on the findings of this study.
Evaluation of Water Quality Impact on the Compressive Strength of Concrete

This research presents the influence of mixing-water quality on the compressive strength properties of concrete using secondary and tertiary waste water treatment source, borehole and distilled water sources. Popular criteria for water quality assessment for concrete works involves the impression that once it is fit for consumption or drinking, it is therefore suitable for concrete works while other alternatives are suitability of the water used in terms of being clean and free from deleterious substances. However, these requirements may not provide a water suitability evaluation baseline for concrete works because some water quality which do not meet up with these requirements have been observed to produce satisfactory results in terms of strength and durability property performance of concrete. Statistical comparative-analysis techniques are required to evaluate the effects of water from control or referenced source of absolute quality with those of questionable quality so as to validate its usage for concrete works. The physiochemical characteristics of the water samples were ascertained before they were utilized for the concrete production and the setting time characteristics were derived, showing longer setting time results SWWT and TWWT due to high level of COD compared to DW and BW. The concrete samples produced were cured for varying hydration periods ranging from 7 – 28 days and their respective compressive strength values obtained in the laboratory. From the results, distilled water produced a maximum average compressive strength of 17.96 N/mm2 while secondary wastewater source produced the minimum results of 12.09 N/mm2. Statistical evaluation was carried out on the experimental data using ANOVA and Dunnet post-hoc test to validate the experimental findings and the details derived from the computations explains the importance of ascertaining the quality of water used for concrete production so as to achieve better overall concrete performance in terms of mechanical and durability properties.
Performance of a selected Trichoderma strain as plant pathogen inhibitor and biofertilizer

Aims: The application of beneficial microbes is a suitable alternative to synthetic pesticides and fertilizers for agriculture. This study was aimed to evaluate the potential of a selected Trichoderma strain as a biocontrol agent against Rhizoctonia sp. and as a biofertilizer to improve paddy growth. Methodology and results: Four Bipolaris strains were identified via DNA barcoding as the cause of brown spot disease, whereas two Rhizoctonia strains were similarly identified as the cause of sheath blight disease in Brunei Darussalam. Eight Trichoderma strains were initially screened using confrontation assay and were found to substantially inhibit the growth of Rhizoctonia sp. Hybrid rice named BDR5 was treated with Trichoderma sp. UBDFM01 and/or Rhizoctonia sp. It was found that the selected strain showed the potential as a biofertilizer by significantly increasing the vigour index I, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and dry shoot weight of the rice plants. The pathogen negatively affected the plants by significantly reducing the vigour index II, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a/b ratio, total chlorophyll, and total weight of grains. Trichoderma strain showed the potential as a biocontrol agent by significantly diminishing the negative effects of the pathogen on the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a/b ratio and total chlorophyll. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: This study highlights the potential of Trichoderma sp. UBDFM01 as a biocontrol agent against Rhizoctonia sp. and also as a biofertilizer for rice plants. In addition, this study is the first to provide DNA-based evidence of Bipolaris sp. and Rhizoctonia sp. as the fungi that caused rice diseases in Brunei Darussalam.
Gender Ego: Comparative Models of Transgender Identity Acquisition

Since many individuals continue to explore their conceptual selves throughout their adult lives, identity acquisition is by no means a chronologically linear struggle. Though evident in the heterosexual cisgender populace, identity acquisition is a key issue for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer (LGBTQ) individuals, and especially for gender-variant individuals contending with restrictive socio-schemas. In order to normalize and demystify transgender emergence, this essay critically compares development stage models of gender-variance (Lewins, 1995; Rachlin, 1997; Ekins, 1997; Lev, 2004) with Habermas’ (1979) psycho-social stages of ego development.
Evaluation of the Performance of a Transistorised Pulse Generation Circuit in Electrical Discharge Machining

This paper presents results of tests that were done to evaluate the performance of a transistorised pulse generation circuit that was developed. From the results obtained, the transistorised pulse generation circuit provides smooth and independent control of machining parameters allowing for fine adjustment of each of machining parameters. The experimental work carried out demonstrated the capability of the pulse generator to perform as per expected behaviour of an EDM machine's pulse generator.
Interactive comment on “ Modelled deposition of nitrogen and sulfur in Europe estimated by 14 air quality model-systems : Evaluation , effects of changes in emissions and implications for habitat protection

The authors compare simulated S and N deposition from 14 models. The paper presents extensive information about the performance of the different models and is definitely worth publishing. However, the paper must be improved in several aspects before it can be published. In particular, some more attempts must be made to explain the reasons for the large differences in simulated deposition among some of the models. Furthermore, parts of the paper are not well organized and hard to read.
A Urinary Bladder Volume Measurement Circuit Using a Simplified Very Small Phase Difference Measurement Circuit

In order to implement the measurement and the evaluation of analog signals in high accuracy, to detect not only amplitude level but also phase information is necessary. For example, measurement of very small phase difference is desired in fields such as electric power and organism‐related. Particularly, in organism‐related field, impedance measurement is important and it is used to measure the urinary bladder volume, the respiratory volume, and so on. For these purposes, portable and real‐time measurement devices with small sized is suitable. In this paper, we propose the urinary bladder volume measurement circuit using a simplified very small phase difference measurement circuit. This circuit is able to infer the changes of urinary bladder volume by measuring bioimpedance and phase difference of urinary bladder noninvasively with four‐terminal method.
Determining the influence of gap size on three selected microsite conditions in Southwestern Mau Forest reserve,

Southwestern (SW) Mau is experiencing anthropogenic and natural disturbances; creating canopy gaps influencing microclimate in the forest. This study determined the influence of canopy gap size on three microsite conditions (soil temperature, soil moisture and light intensity) in SW. The study utilized Ecological Survey Research Design; plots of 500 m by 500 m were laid in disturbed and undisturbed sites of Itare, Maramara and Ndoinet blocks. In the sampled gaps within the plots in disturbed sites; soil moisture and temperature were measured using Kensizer soil tester (3-in-1 moisture/light/pH). Light intensity was measured using the Luxmeter (model HTC LX-104). In undisturbed sites, 500 m by 500 m plots were laid and 30 m by 20 m quadrats randomly nested 19 times within. Four measurements were taken for every Microsite condition per sub-plot. Data was analysed using R and Microsoft excel. Descriptive statistics were given and Kruskal-Wallis test employed to determine differences in microsite conditions among the gap sizes. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare microsite conditions between disturbed and undisturbed sites. The study revealed that there was significant difference in soil temperature (Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared=19.00, df=3, p-value=0.0002732) in the gaps. Additionally, there was significant difference in light intensity between disturbed and undisturbed sites (W=555, p-value=0.01). Non-significant results of some microsite conditions were attributed to Piper capensis and Ribes spp . which invaded medium and large canopy openings. It was concluded that canopy cover influences microsite conditions in forests. Gaps should be allowed to occur naturally for biodiversity conservation.
Cardiology Relationship between electrophysiology and Ca 2+ signalling in Goldfish intact hearts

Fish have become an increasingly popular model to study cardiovascular physiology given its numerous advantages. However, many studies centred on the cardiac properties of Zebrafish ( Denio rerio ) are generally done in isolated cardiomyocytes and present limitations. This review evaluates the systolic Ca 2+ signalling (Ca 2+ -T) parameters and the electrophysiological behaviour of intact Goldfish hearts, in order to establish a new fish model to study cardiovascular physiology. In this review we will discuss how Ca 2+ signalling and the electrophysiological performance of Goldfish intact hearts were evaluated in comparison with Zebrafish using Local Field Fluorescence Microscopy (LFFM) and sharp microelectrode recordings. The hearts were perfused through the bulbus arteriosus with the Ca 2+ indicator Rhod-2, among other solutions. Ventricular Action Potentials (APs) and Ca 2+ -T recorded from the Goldfish were considerably lengthier than those of the Zebrafish. Analysis of the Goldfish AP showed the half duration (APD50) of the ventricular AP heart was significantly longer (370.38 ± 8.8 ms) than the Zebrafish (83.9 ± 9.4 ms). Moreover, the half duration of the Ca 2+ -T was also much longer for Goldfish (266.9 ± 7.9 ms) than the Zebrafish (99.1 ± 2.7 ms). channel with Nifedipine in the Goldfish shortened both the APs and Ca 2+ -T. The AP Duration (APD) in the Goldfish hearts shortened with increasing temperature, and not surprisingly, Ryanodine and Thapsigargin perfusion significantly reduced the amplitude of epicardial Ca 2+ -T and prolonged the AP duration, indicating Ca 2+ dependent inactivation of the L-type Ca 2+ channels. These data suggest the electrophysiological properties and Ca 2+ -T in intact Goldfish hearts are more similar to those in the human heart endocardium, especially when compared with other fish models such as the Zebrafish. The central objective of this review is to discuss the strengths of the Goldfish as a new model to study cardiac signalling, and ultimately human cardiac pathology.
On the representation of an integer in two different bases.

In 1970 Senge and Strauss [4] proved that the number of integers, the sum of whose digits in each of the bases a and b lies below a fixed bound, is fmite if and only log if is irrational. Their proof, which depends upon a generalization due to Mahler log b of the Thue-Siegel-Roth theorem, is not effective since, given a fixed bound, it does not yield a method for determining the largest integer n for which the sum of the digits of n in each of base a and base b lies below the bound. In this paper we shall exhibit a lower bound for the sum of the digits of n in base a plus the sum of the digits of n in base b which is effectively computable and which tends to infinity s n tends to infinity.
University of Birmingham A duality for two-sorted lattices

A series of representation theorems (some of which discovered very recently) present an alternative view of many classes of algebras related to non-classical logics (e.g. bilattices, semi-De Morgan, Nelson and quasi-Nelson algebras) as two-sorted algebras in the sense of many-sorted universal algebra. In all the above-mentioned examples, we are in fact dealing with a pair of lattices related by two meet-preserving maps. We use this insight to develop a Priestley-style duality for such structures, mainly building on the duality for meet-semilattices of G. Bezhanishvili and R. Jansana. Our approach simpliﬁes all the existing dualities for these algebras, and is applicable more generally; in particular, we show how it specializes to the class of quasi-Nelson algebras, which hasn’t yet been studied from a duality point of view.