Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genomics - what does the future hold for dairy farmers?

Genomics is a new, exciting technology that has rapidly been adopted by the dairy industry. Young bulls are now being offered with their proofs calculated using information from DNA markers. As the reliabilities of bull proofs increases, we will see a shift from traditional progeny-testing schemes, to hybrid schemes where smaller teams are selected on the basis of their genomic breeding values, to schemes were young sires are marketed on their genomic breeding values and are replaced after only a few years by the next, genetically superior crop of bulls. These bulls will probably still get conventional breeding values, although perhaps only for those traits that data is required for other purposes. For example, yield, health and fertility data will still be needed for management reasons and will continue to be recorded. However, for other traits such as conformation (type) traits, that breeding companies have traditionally made an effort to record on young progeny tested bulls, it is not clear how the mature genomic-evaluation model will look. One option is that breeding companies or farmer co-operatives will work intensively with a representative sample of herds, on which they will record a raft of traits of importance. Increasing the reliability of genomic proofs is one of the key challenges right now. Ways in which this can be achieved are: 1) increasing the size of the reference population, which is likely to be more cowfocused in the future as the length of time which individual bulls are used for decreases 2) increasing the density of genetic markers or using the entire genome sequence 3) using better statistical methods. As progeny-testing reduces, the number of young bulls used a year is also expected to reduce, which will present challenges for maintaining the reference population – for which genotyping herd recorded cows is an obvious solution. Additionally, it is likely that young sires will be turned over
Distribution and modal split models for freight transport in The Netherlands

The Netherlands has a tradition of using mathematical models in policy and decision making in transport (and other sectors). In an effort to improve the information provided to policy makers and to maximise the added value of the existing instruments and available knowledge and data, the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment decided to work towards a new freight transport model. The first step in the building process is a basic model called BASGOED (“BAS” stands for “basic” and “GOED” means “good”). This model is meant as fundamental corner stone for an incremental building process leading to a modular, transparent and flexible set of instruments for policy making in the area of freight transport.
Optimization of CFETR CSMC cabling based on numerical modeling and experiments

The China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) is a new tokamak device, whose magnet system includes toroidal field (TF), central solenoid (CS) and poloidal field (PF) coils. The main goal is to build a fusion engineering tokamak reactor with 50–200 MW fusion power and self-sufficiency by blanket, which means that the deuterium–tritium reaction in the plasma produces neutrons and alpha particles, and the neutrons react with the lithium-containing blanket surrounding the plasma, breeding the tritium by lithium–neutron reaction. To develop the manufacturing technique for the full-size CS coil, the Central Solenoid Model Coil (CSMC) project for CFETR was launched first. A Nb3Sn conductor is to be used in the CFETR CSMC, whose design refers to the ITER CS conductor with the same short-twist-pitch cable pattern. Due to the short twist pitch and relatively low void fraction, a high compaction ratio is required during cabling and the risk of strand damage is increased significantly. Although it is impossible to avoid strand deformation for this design, it is crucial to find a way to reduce strand damage as much as possible. A numerical model was used to analyze the causes of strand damage, including variation in twist pitch length as well as different mechanical properties for copper and Nb3Sn strands. Several experiments have been performed to verify the numerical results, including cabling trials for different conditions and critical current (Ic) tests on strands with/without deformation. The results show that the numerical analysis is consistent with the experiments and provides the optimal cabling conditions for the CFETR CSMC.
An experimental investigation of layer tints for relief maps in school atlases

English teenage school children carried out some representative map-reading tasks to evaluate layer tints for use in school atlases. Two spectral colour schemes (loosely following the colours of the spectrum) were compared with two tonal schemes (varying tone, constant hue). Judgements of absolute height were carried out more accurately on the spectral maps, but judgements of relative height were better with the tonal maps. Other questions involving the map base and visualization of the relief showed no reliable differences between the maps. Spectral schemes have the disadvantage that colours are difficult to order correctly. The problem with tonal schemes is that colours are often hard to discriminate. Innovative design may overcome both these problems but given the alternatives considered here, the tonal maps seem preferable as relative height is more important than absolute height for children using atlases
Evaluation Methods in Teaching Translation by Saudi University Instructors under Coronavirus Pandemic

Coronavirus pandemic has posed challenges in evaluating students’ performance in educational institutions all over the world. Therefore, university instructors may encounter some problems in evaluating their students fairly through online teaching since it was not an easy task before this worldly crisis. The current study aims at investigating the perspectives of instructors who teach translation courses at some Saudi universities towards the followed evaluation methods in teaching translation courses during Coronavirus pandemic. Two methods were used to collect data: simple observation and online questionnaire. The participants were 21 instructors from 10 Saudi universities. The findings of this study show that using machine translation and CAT tools by students in doing assessment tasks does not guarantee fairness among students during Coronavirus pandemic regardless of the nature of translation courses. In addition, online exams and assignments are less fair to show the individual differences among students compared with written exams before Coronavirus pandemic. To evaluate students’ performance in translation courses fairly, the participants of this study suggested some solutions such as modifying questions' patterns of some translation exams and assignments to cope with online teaching, emphasizing the importance of live sessions and online participation as assessment tasks for students during Coronavirus pandemic, using other evaluation methods such as live oral assessment, editing texts, multiple choice editing questions, etc. The study concludes with some recommendations for future research.
Drape Analysis using Imaging Techniques

Many textile properties have traditionally been assessed using subjective methods dependent upon one or more of the human senses. It is generally accepted that these methods can be unreliable, and the development of more reliable and consistent objective measurement systems is a key objective for textile scientists. In this study, the application of an imaging system to the detailed objective measurement of the drape profiles of a range of wool fabrics, captured from a traditional drape tester, is investigated. Image processing and analysis software techniques are successfully implemented to enable, by the measurement of a number of key parameters, a full and automatic characterisation of the drape profiles reflecting visual impression. Drape coefficient values gathered via the instrumental technique correlate strongly with those established using the traditional cut and weigh approach. Strong parameter relationships are identified, and it is established that a three parameter combination of drape coefficient, number of nodes and variation in node severity would be required to enable good discrimination between the drape profiles of the fabric range under study.
The impact of different habitats on some C3 and C4 species of poaceae growing in Nile delta

Seven sites were surveyed for collecting samples of C4 and C3 plants of Poaceae family from aquatic and terrestrial habitats. C4 plants include Saccharum sp. , Saccharum spontaneum, Echinochloa stagnina, Echinochloa colona and Echinochloa crusgalli. C3 plants include Phragmite australis and Leersia hexandra. Morphological description and anatomical characteristics of culm and leaf were studied in the two habitat. Growth rate and anatomical features of studied species affected by altering habitat from aquatic to terrestrial habitat. Morphological and anatomical characters were recorded and the data were analyzed using Past Software V. Cluster analysis was done depending on morphological characters and anatomical characters separately. The relationship between the studied species depending on morphological characters different from that based on the anatomical characters. Also, the relationship between studied C3 and C4 species affected by altering the habitat from aquatic to terrestrial one.
Dust Explosions in the Process Industries

This work is a comprehensive account of the existing practical and theoretical knowledge of the origin, development, prevention and mitigation of dust explosions in the process industries. It offers an up-to-date evaluation of prevalent activities, testing methods, design measures and safe operating techniques in a detailed and comprehensive critique of all the significant phases relating to the hazard and control of a dust explosion. This should be a useful reference work for design, production, maintenance and safety engineers in the process industries, safety consultants and students.
An asymmetric bidirectional amplifier with all-optical gain control for randomly variable data traffic

A novel all-optical gain-controlled two-stage amplifier using optical interleavers for asymmetric bidirectional transmission was proposed and demonstrated in a compact structure. The amplifier achieved high and constant gain with wide dynamic rage of input signal and low noise figure. The performance does not depend on the input signal conditions, whether static-state or transient signals, or whether symmetric or asymmetric data traffic in bidirectional transmission. The transmission experiments for random asymmetric bidirectional data traffic verified that the all-optical gain control and bidirectional amplification functions were successfully combined into this amplifier.
A DEEP LEARNING MODEL FOR ELECTRICITY DEMAND FORECASTING BASED ON A TROPICAL DATA

Electricity demand forecasting is a term used for prediction of users’ consumption on the grid ahead of actual demand. It is very important to all power stakeholders across levels. The power players employ electricity demand forecasting for sundry purposes. Moreover, the government’s policy on its market deregulation has greatly amplified its essence. Despite numerous studies on the subject using certain classical approaches, there exists an opportunity for exploration of more sophisticated methods such as the deep learning (DL) techniques. Successful researches about DL applications to com¬puter vision, speech recognition, and acoustic computing problems are motivation. However, such researches are not sufficiently exploited for electricity demand forecasting using DL methods. In this paper, we considered specific DL techniques (LSTM, CNN, and MLP) to short-term load fore¬casting problems, using tropical institutional data obtained from a Transmission Company. We also test how accurate are predictions across the techniques. Our results relatively revealed models appropriateness for the problem.
Optical bistable-switching operation in semiconductor lasers with inhomogeneous excitation

Bistable operation is examined in the paper for DH semiconductor lasers employing inhomogeneous excitation. Steady-state rate equations are analysed in terms of typical parameters for contemporary stripe-geometry lasers, and it is shown that the I/L curves demonstrate bistability. Characteristics for optical bistable-switching operations effected by trigger current pulses are also numerically analysed through the use of nonlinear rate equations. Bistable operation has been achieved experimentally with InGaAsP/InP DH lasers through a newly designed periodic excitation stripe geometry. Bistability was observed within a current range less than 10° of the threshold current. The range was seen to strongly depend on the stripe geometry anddevice temperature, which are controllable. Switching between the two stable states was accomplished by application of an electrical pulse. Switching time was about 1 ns.
Sevilla: A Successful Experience of Bicycle Promotion in a Mediterranean Context

From 2006 to 2011 Sevilla experienced a rapid growth in urban cycling, from a negligible participation in the modal split up to 9% of the total mechanical trips. This rapid growth was based on some active policies heavily based on the building of a continuous and homogeneous network of segregated cycle paths. In this paper the authors analyse the main guidelines for the development of this infrastructure, as well as its impact on urban mobility and bicycle traffic safety. The authors found that the risk of cycling was reduced in parallel to the increase in the number of cyclists, in agreement with the safety in numbers hypothesis. Future trends for further improving bike mobility are also described and analysed. Finally, the authors make an estimation of the possible effects on bicycle use of a hypothetical compulsory helmet regulation, a possibility that is presently under debate in Spain.
Relative Effectiveness of Peer Assessment Technique (PAT) in Enhancing Secondary School Students’ Academic Achievement and Interest in Economics

Successful implementation of continuous assessment in schools depends on effective and efficient use of a variety of assessment techniques to determine students’ learning outcomes. Among these various techniques are the peer assessment technique (PAT), teacher assessment technique (TAT) among others. This study examined relative effectiveness of PAT in enhancing secondary school students’ academic achievement and interest in Economics. Six research questions and six null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a quasiexperimental research design. 1,750 SS II students in twelve (12) secondary schools in Delta North Education Zone (Ministry of Education, Exams and Standard, Asaba) comprised the population of the study. The sample of this study comprised 107 (49 males and 58 females) SSII students who offered Economics from two co-educational secondary schools in Oshimili South Local Government Area, Delta North Education Zone of Delta State. The instruments for data collection were Economics Achievement Test (EAT) and Economics Interest Inventory (EII). The EAT and EII were validated by subject specialists and measurement and evaluation experts. The reliability coefficients of EAT and EII were 0.95 and 0.81 respectively. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed among others that the mean achievement scores of students exposed to TAT is higher than that of those exposed to PAT and the difference in their mean achievement scores is significant. Students exposed to TAT have more interest than those exposed to PAT but the difference in their mean interest scores is not significant. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that secondary school authorities should use only TAT for assessment of secondary school students’ academic achievement in all secondary schools.
Force Measurements in Magnetic Bearings Using Fiber Optic Strain Gauges

A new method for measuring forces in magnetic bearings is presented. Fiber-optic strain gauges (FOSGs) mounted to the side of the magnet poles are used to detect the small levels of strain that the metal experiences as the bearing exerts a force. These strains can be converted into force components, providing measurements with a previously unattainable level of accuracy and precision.Tests were done using the Magnetic Bearing Test Rig at the Texas A&M University Turbomachinery Laboratory. Two FOSGs were placed approximately 90° apart on two separate poles of one of the bearings, and the strain levels for different load magnitudes and directions were measured. The raw signal has several undesirable attributes that prevent an accurate static measurement. However, dynamic measurements proved to be very effective in the frequency domain, as most of the noise in the signal is confined to frequencies below 1 Hz.Due to the raw signal characteristics, new techniques for load application and calibration were developed. By using these new approaches, an equation relating reaction force components and strain was generated. This equation provides precise knowledge of any force vector in the bearing. An uncertainty analysis was performed on the resulting equation, providing a measure of resolution and a reduction in error several times more precise than any previous result.As a result of these findings, magnetic bearings can now be used to perform precise diagnostic analysis, determine rotordynamic coefficients, and improve magnetic bearing design and performance.Copyright © 2001 by ASME
SEISMIC DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF STEEL FRAMES

The seismic damage analysis of steel frames based on the use of global evaluation indices is addressed. A general procedure is proposed aimed at estimating the degree of damage induced by severe earthquakes in structures not supplied with monitoring systems. Special reference is made to the Park-Ang, McCabe-Hall, and plastic fatigue indices. The procedure is characterized by a form of automatic calibration of the free coefficients contained in the expressions of these indices. This allows one to constrain the arbitrariness in the coefficient choices, representing the greatest source of uncertainties for practical damage field assessment. Story stiffness degradation and permanent interstory displacements are assumed as the a posteriori measurable quantities upon which the reliability of the computational predictions supporting damage estimation are checked. The suitability of this procedure as well as of the considered indices for seismic damage characterization are discussed with reference to two case stu.
MODEL OF HOUSE DESIGN RESPONSIVE TO HOT-DRY CLIMATE

The presented model here represents one of a series of our applied research, aimed at providing easy and very simple design formulation to be a model for architects to illustrate to them the possibility of linking results of applied research with aesthetic and occupation human needs if adopted in large housing projects to be harmonious with our climate and environment. This model won a prize of the Iraqi Energy Consultative Committee in a competition for the best environmental design, and in retrospect evaluation after implementation, thermal, economical, and utilization measurements were performed on the model 20 years after its construction. The results were in agreement with initial design expectations, to verify the success of the bases on which the model was designed. The design style for this model was applied on a 2-storey house, construction area 380 m 2 , land plot area 288 m 2 , with eastern frontage. The house consists of 5 bed-rooms, reception, living area, office, kitchen, store-room, 4 bathrooms, and interior garden, proved that: 1- The internal temperatures for most days of the year were within thermal comfort limits for dry-hot climate areas; 2- During summer days, use of low-load air-conditioning appliances is sufficient to bring the house temperature to thermal comfort limits; 3- Day-time, since sunrise, the house enjoyed good natural lighting for most rooms; 4- With the introduction of more advanced wind catchers than traditional ones, the design provided natural air circulation, to cool people and building day- and night
TC-Net: Detecting Noisy Labels Via Transform Consistency

It is crucial to distinguish mislabeled samples for dealing with noisy labels. Previous methods such as “Co-teaching” and “JoCoR” introduce two different networks to select clean samples out of the noisy ones and only use these clean samples to train the deep models. Different from these methods which require to train two networks simultaneously, we propose a simple and effective method to identify clean samples only using one single network. We discover that the clean samples prefer to reach consistent predictions for the original images and the transformed images while noisy samples usually suffer from inconsistent predictions. Motivated by this observation, we propose a noisy label detection approach, named Transform Consistency Network (TC-Net), which constrains the transform consistency (i.e., category consistency and visual attention consistency) between the original images and the transformed images for network training. Then we can select small-loss samples to update the parameters of the network. Furthermore, in order to mitigate the negative influence of noisy labels, we design a classification loss by using the off-line hard labels and on-line soft labels to provide more reliable supervisions for training a robust model. We conduct comprehensive experiments on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100 and Clothing1M datasets. Compared with the clean sample selection baselines, we achieve the state-of-the-art performance. Especially, in most cases, our proposed method outperforms the baselines by a large margin.
SEA MUST LEARN HOW POLICY MAKING WORKS

The concept of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) has developed rapidly in recent years and has been extensively promoted by environmental assessment (EA) practitioners. SEA has been the focus of considerable dialogue, increasing regulatory attention and emerging evidence of application. This paper seeks to advance the potential for the adoption of SEA in policy making by focusing attention on policy making processes themselves, and on the need for SEA procedures to be moulded to these existing policy making activities. We argue that widespread adoption of SEA concepts is unlikely unless EA practitioners become much more cognisant of the policy making process. Too much of the literature on SEA to date is insular — EA practitioners communicating amongst themselves. Dialogue on SEA development must be between EA proponents and policy makers/theorists if SEA of policy is to fulfil its promise. In order to make SEA of policies effective, SEA must influence the decisions that are intrinsic in policy making. We provide a simplified policy making model and demonstrate that it is necessary, and possible, for SEA to provide environmental input throughout the stages of policy formulation and decision making. The policy making context must drive the form and process of the SEA. In effect, this is an extension of Brown & Hill's (1995) notion of decision scoping, originally developed to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of project-based EIA, to the environmental assessment of policies.