Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is there still a necessity for awareness and information about HPV infection and vaccine for adolescent in developing countries?

Abstract Increasing awareness of human papilloma virus (HPV) and vaccines among the target population is an important factor for decreasing the rate of malignancies related to HPV. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine Turkish high school and college students’ knowledge level of HPV and vaccines via a survey. The HPV knowledge scale (HPV-KS) has been developed to measure the level of knowledge about HPV and vaccination. The response rate of ‘Yes’ to the question of whether the participants have heard of HPV and the vaccine was 60.8% and 58.8%, respectively. The lack of information was the commonest reason for not being vaccinated in 54% of the participants. According to the HPV-KS, the median value of the knowledge level of the participants was 35.7 (IQR; 14.3–57.1). The HPV-KS scores were significantly higher among those with parents who had graduated from university and had an income above the minimum wage than those who did not (p = .013 and p = .029, respectively). Current evidence suggests that Turkish adolescents have limited HPV knowledge. Gender, age, education (particularly university and health-related departments), parents’ level of education and income were all important factors in determining the outcome variables. Therefore, it is very important to apply educational programs to raise awareness by medical staff. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is a major threat due to the reason of many malignancies, especially cervical cancer, and this problem can be overcome by informing the target population about the screening program and vaccination. What do the results of this study add? Lack of knowledge about HPV infection and cost of the vaccine were the main reasons for insufficient vaccination rate among the adolescents. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? In developing countries such as Turkey, the necessity to raise awareness about HPV infection and vaccination has emerged. As a result, it is critical to implement educational campaigns to enhance awareness, particularly by medical staff.
New Results on Delay-dependent Robust Stability of Interval State-Delayed Linear Systems with Nonlinear Perturbations

Abstract In this paper, we consider the problem of delay-dependent stability of a class of continuous-time and discrete-time linear systems with nonlinear perturbations and time-varying state-delays using Lyapunov functional approach. By exploiting candidate Lyapunov functionals, less conservative new robust stability criteria (sufficient conditions) are derived for computing the maximum allowable bound of the delay-range, within which, the uncertain systems under consideration remain asymptotically stable in the sense of Lyapunov. The proposed criteria are derived using reciprocal convex approach, and they are expressed as a set of solvable LMI conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed criteria are validated using standard numerical examples.
STUDIES OP PREDICTION OF RECIRCULATION OP COOLING WATER IN A BAI

In the present report, a few factors of great importance in the determination of the degree of recirculation of cooling water for power station are chosen for theoreti cal analysis First, the problem of flow and thermal diffusion in the &ea caused by outfall of warmed cooling water is considered. Numerical solution of the equation of thermal diffusion with a complete set of Eulerian equations in which the value? of the eddy coefficient of diffusion and viscosity depend upon the relation to the velocity shear and vertical density gradient is presented The Boussinesq approximation LS used throughout The mechanism of development of upwellmg phenomenon is discussed from the numberical experiment taking into account of the interaction between the flow and the thermal distribution. From the result of field survey, the occurrence of the return flow m the bottom layer oi the coastal region is confirmed The numerical solutions give a good representation of all features of flow and thermal profiles. Next, study on cold water intake from bottom layer is presented The numerical experiment of the stratified fluid with a continuous density gradient flowing into the submerged intake is conducted to gain additional insight into the mechanism of density flow in the field of the continuously stratified fluid. The results lead to the conclusion that the flow in the field of the continuous distribution of density differs from that for a two-layer system.
Graphoids: a qualitative framework for probabilistic inference

This dissertation investigates properties of conditional independence in relation to the elicitation, organization and inference of probabilistic expert systems. Qualitative notions of interaction, connectedness, mediation and causation are given formal probabilistic underpinning: graph-based representations and algorithms are developed for processing these notions. A partial axiomatic characterization is established of the predicate $I(X,Z,Y)$ to read: "X is conditionally independent of Y, given Z". This characterization facilitates both a graphical representation of dependence information and a solution to the implication problem, of deciding whether an arbitrary independence statement $I(X,Z,Y)$ logically follows from a given set $\Sigma$ of such statements. The solution of the implication problem is the key for identifying what information is unnecessary for performing a given computation. An algorithm is developed that identifies this information is probabilistic networks. The algorithm's correctness and optimality stems from the soundness and completeness of probabilistic networks with respect to probability theory. An enhanced version of the algorithm extends its applicability to networks that encode functional dependencies. Probabilistic dependence is also used to formalize the notion of interactions among variables; a class of distributions is identified for which this formal definition exhibits qualitative properties normally attributed to the word "interact". Finally, the problem is addressed of deciding whether a given distribution can be represented as a graph of certain structure. Conditions are identified for the existence of a unique solution, an efficient algorithm is developed to find this solution, and a relationship to the problem of discovering causality from statistical data is discussed.
Examine the credit channel of the monetary policy transmission mechanism in an emerging market economy: the case of South Africa

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to analyze commercial bank-level data to examine a credit channel of the monetary policy transmission mechanism in emerging economies, such as South Africa from BRICS countries. Among the important questions that central banks, economists and policymakers have raised in this area are: Do bank characteristics and macroeconomic variables influence credit supply in South Africa? Do bank characteristics and macroeconomic variables interact to influence credit supply in South Africa? Design/methodology/approachStatic panel data with pooled OLS, a random effect model and the fixed-effect model are used for data analysis. Using a sample of 50 commercial banks from South Africa over 10 years from 2009 to 2018. The statistical software Stata is utilized for data analysis.FindingsThe conclusion of this study shows that in South Africa, the loan amount has a strong and positive macroeconomic variable inflation effect. The outcomes of the study also revealed that in South Africa, there is a strong but negative association between interaction macroeconomic variables inflation and bank characteristic liquidity ratio on the loan amount.Originality/valueThe authors contribute to the existing literature by identifying the key determinants of monetary policy transmission channels through credit in South Africa and, furthermore, through a country-level data analysis and disaggregation at the commercial bank level, as well as economic conditions.
Defining Duplex Ultrasound Criteria for In-Stent Restenosis of the Carotid Artery Using Computed Tomographic Angiography

Introduction Duplex ultrasound (DUS) velocity measurement is the preferred method for evaluating carotid artery stenosis. However, velocity criteria based upon native carotid arteries may not apply to internal carotid artery stents. Previously, catheter-based angiography was used to determine DUS velocity criteria for in-stent restenosis (ISR), but conventional angiography is invasive and can be limited. This study sought to define duplex ultrasound velocity criteria for predicting internal carotid artery in-stent restenosis by correlating in-stent velocities with computed tomographic angiography (CTA) measurements of percent stenosis. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted on all patients who underwent internal carotid artery (ICA) stenting within our health system between January 2013 and February 2020. Thirty-eight surveillance DUS studies from 32 patients were found to have CTA performed within 30 days. Centerline reconstructions of internal carotid artery stents were created using Aquarius iNtuition software (TeraRecon, Durham, NC, USA). Two independent observers measured percent stenosis by three built-in methods. Stenotic areas were matched to DUS-measured peak systolic velocities (PSV) and end-diastolic velocities (EDV). Internal carotid artery PSV (stent) to common carotid artery (CCA) PSV ratios (ICA/CCA) were calculated, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated. The optimal DUS velocity criteria in the stented ICA were determined by maximizing Youden’s index. Results Mean vessel diameter measurement of percent stenosis resulted in the most accurate model for all DUS velocity parameters (PSV, EDV, and ICA/CCA ratio) and was used for threshold determinations (area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC): 0.99, 0.96, and 0.96, respectively). A PSV cutoff of 240 cm/s for ≥60% ISR resulted in the highest Youden’s index (97%) with 100% sensitivity and 97% specificity. Secondary DUS parameters included an EDV ≥50 cm/s (Youden’s index 84%) and an ICA/CCA ratio ≥ 2.2 (Youden’s index 91%). Conclusions Velocity criteria to predict internal carotid artery ISR is needed to inform decisions for possible reintervention. Using CTA, we found that a PSV ≥240 cm/s on carotid DUS can predict ≥60% ISR with high sensitivity and specificity. This value can be used as an alternative to current velocity criteria based on native carotid arteries. However, the optimal thresholds for EDV and ICA/CCA ratio were similar to native carotid arteries.
Codon usage bias and purifying selection identified in Cirrhinus reba mitogenome

In our previous study, we described sequence assembly and organization of the complete mitochondrial genome of a threatened labeonine fish, Cirrhinus reba (GenBank accession no.: MN862482). In this study, our attempts were to find out any mutation or selection pressures and codon usage patterns existing in the mitogenome of the same fish. We applied bioinformatics tools to measure important gene parameters including AT/GC skewness, codon adaptation index (CAI), the effective number of codons (ENc) and GC percentages of each protein coding gene. We found an overrepresentation of A and C resulting a lower number of T and G bases, respectively, where AT-skew was slightly positive and GC-skew was slightly negative. Except for ND6, all protein coding genes (PCGs) had negative GC-skew, which indicated the higher occurrence of Cs. With reference to other two mitogenomes, the dN/dS or Ka/Ks ratios ranged from the lowest value (0.016) for ND4L to the highest value (0.694) for ND1 gene which indicated that PCGs of this fish evolved under strong purifying selection. We further analyzed the codon frequency and relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) and observed a total of 3802 codons which were used for coding 20 amino acids by a standard set of 64 codons. The amino acids Leucine and Serine were encoded each by six different codons, whereas rest of the amino acids was encoded by either two or four codons. We identified a total of 25 RSCU values (> 1) and revealed 12 codons as “overpresented” that implied for codon usage bias to engage in highly expressed genes for efficient protein synthesis via translational selection. The existence of codon usage biasness rolling in translational selection and the signs of purifying selection identified in PCGs suggest obvious conservation of this threatened fish species.
Long-Term Effect of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Anti-VEGF) Injections in Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Angioid Streaks

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections in the treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with angioid streaks. Methods Multicenter retrospective cohort study, including eyes with CNV secondary to angioid streaks treated with anti-VEGF injections, were performed. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in ETDRS letters; qualitative and quantitative (foveal thickness) OCT parameters; anti-VEGF type; and number of injections were collected at baseline and at 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 months. Results Thirty-nine eyes from 29 patients, 17 (58.6%) females, were included. The mean follow-up time was 69.4 ± 34.5 months. BCVA was 59.3 ± 23.3 letters at baseline and 63.7 ± 21.9 letters at 48 months. At 3 months, BCVA improved 6.9 ± 11.7 letters (P=0.003). Then, BCVA remained stable. The mean foveal thickness decreased from 343.3 ± 120.2 μm at baseline to 268.3 ± 65.4 at 48 months (P=0.021). The mean number of injections was 4.6 ± 2.1 at 12 months, decreasing to 1.7 ± 2.4 injections between 36 and 48 months (P=0.093). Conclusion This real-world study suggests that the functional and morphologic response to anti-VEGF therapy for CNV related to angioid streaks is generally satisfactory and maintained in the long term.
Tetracycline-Resistant Genes in Escherichia coli from Clinical and Nonclinical Sources in Rivers State, Nigeria

Background Monitoring the occurrence of tetracycline resistance and its determinants in both clinical and nonclinical settings is essential in understanding the role played by continuous usage of this drug in animal husbandry and the withdrawal of this drug from clinical practice. Limited information is available on this from our locale. This study, therefore, set out to explore the occurrence of specific tetracycline-resistant genes in Escherichia coli from clinical and nonclinical sources in Rivers State, Nigeria. Methods Two hundred clinical and nonclinical samples were analyzed for the presence of E. coli using standard phenotypic and genotypic tests. Susceptibility testing was carried out using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method, and specific tetracycline-resistant genes (tetA, tetB, tetG, and tetM) were assayed. Results Results showed that stool samples had the highest occurrence of E. coli (39, 78%), and soil had the lowest (13, 26%). Tetracycline resistance was observed in 80.7% of total isolates. The tetA genes were the most commonly occurring (n = 80, 89.9%) detected in confirmed E. coli isolates, and tetG, the least commonly occurring (n = 16,18%) of isolates. The combined presence of tetA-tetM was the highest (n = 14, 15.7%), followed by tetA-tetB (n = 13, 14.8%). Conclusion The present study reports on the occurrence and distribution of four tetracycline-resistant determinants in E. coli from clinical and nonclinical sources in Rivers State, Nigeria. The high-level occurrence of the most commonly occurring tetracycline gene even in nonclinical isolates could be indicative of a potential reservoir of this resistance. And, this could limit the reintroduction of tetracycline even in combination therapy.
Valorization of cricket, Acheta domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758), flour as a source of dietary protein in Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica (Temminck and Schlegel, 1849), farming

Objective: Quail production is ranked as an important alternative animal protein source in Cameroon. One of the main constraints of this production is the quality of feed, which lacks protein that is regularly supplied by fish meal. To avoid disagreements due to the constant shortage of fish meal, alternative protein sources are needed, and among them are crickets (Acheta domesticus). The goal of this study was to find out how well Japanese quails could be raised if fish meal was replaced with cricket meal. Materials and Methods: A total of 192, 4-week-old quails were divided into 12 similar sets of 8 females and 8 males. The Four experimental diets (T00, T15, T30, and T45) were all formulated based on the level (0%, 15%, 30%, and 45%, respectively) of fish meal substitution with cricket meal in the basal diet (crude protein: 20.18% and ME: 3,013.78 kcal/kg) and randomly assigned to three sets in a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments each repeated three times. Growth, carcass, and some reproduction parameters were collected. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and the Duncan test, with a significance level of 5%. Results: Cricket meal diets increased body weight in males (204.32 ± 5.69 gm for T45) and regardless of the sex (226.72 ± 29.45 gm for T30) compared to 184.17 ± 3.11 gm and 214.55 ± 32.77 gm for the control group, respectively. In females, substitution at 30% increased body weight (253.80 ± 6.48 gm), while 45% induced a reduction (216.67 ± 6.49 gm) when compared to the control group value (244.92 ± 6.07 gm). Carcass yield and the proportion of different parts were not significantly affected by the experimental diets. Liver proportions were significantly higher at 15% and 35% cricket meal incorporation compared to 45%. First songs and egg laying were recorded at 7 weeks with T15, which also led to improved egg laying performance compared to the other treatments. Ovaries were poorly developed in the T45 females compared to the other treatments. Conclusions: Cricket flour might be a good candidate as a locally available protein source to substitute fish meal in the Japanese quail’s diet at the finisher and reproductive stages, and the level of 30% seems to be more efficient.
Tourist trust toward a tourism destination: scale development and validation

ABSTRACT Trust plays an important role in tourists’ behavior, but the existing literatures lack a measurement model of tourist trust from the perspective of interests. Based on the hypothesis of rational economic man, the current study divides the trust of tourists into self-interest trust, altruistic trust and mutual-benefit trust, and develops a scale of trust of tourists by mixed method. The process of scale development included three studies: Study 1 generated the initial pool of the scale through literature review, semi-structured interviews and pilot test; Study 2 tested, purified and simplified the initial items by means of exploratory factor analysis (n = 217); and Study 3 tested the structure and dimensions of the scale by means of confirmatory factor analysis (n = 553). It is found that tourist trust is a first-order four-factor model consisting of 4 dimensions: trust in experience, trust in security and safety, trust in friendship, and trust in destination benefits. The questionnaire of tourist trust is composed of 17 items. The scale developed in this paper fills in the blank of measuring tourist trust from the perspective of interest, and provides support for the recognition, construction and management of tourist trust.
Nutritional Status of Mango by the Boundary Line and Mathematical Chance Methods

The objective of this study was to establish the optimal content and sufficiency range of the nutrients in mango of the cultivars Tommy Atkins, Kent and Keitt in the Sub-middle San Francisco Valley by the Boundary Line and Mathematical Chance methods and compare them to other nutritional diagnosis methods used in Brazil and Australia. The study was carried out in seven commercial farms cultivated with mangoes, located in the Sub-Middle São Francisco Valley. The database used was formed from the results of the analysis of leaves and the productivity of irrigated mango trees. For Boundary Line and Mathematical Chance methods were estimated the optimal nutrient content, as well as the sufficiency range and later were compared between them and with the optimal contents and sufficiency ranges recommended in literature. The optimal nutrient contents for mango tree cultivars by the Boundary Line and Mathematical Chance methods were close to the mean contents of the high productivity population, and also disagreed of the diagnoses of the methods the literature, suggesting that these methods were more consistent and expressed better the regional management of mango tree cultivation in the Sub-Middle São Francisco Valley. The Mo sufficiency range developed by the Boundary Line and Mathematical Chance methods made it possible to assess the nutritional status of this nutrient in the region. These results show the importance of creating and validating specific nutritional standards for the edapho-climatic conditions of the Valley, taking into account the production management and nutritional requirement of the cultivars.
Spaceborne Evidence That Ice‐Nucleating Particles Influence High‐Latitude Cloud Phase

Mixed‐phase clouds (MPCs), which consist of both supercooled cloud droplets and ice crystals, play an important role in the Earth's radiative energy budget and hydrological cycle. In particular, the fraction of ice crystals in MPCs determines their radiative effects, precipitation formation and lifetime. In order for ice crystals to form in MPCs, ice‐nucleating particles (INPs) are required. However, a large‐scale relationship between INPs and ice initiation in clouds has yet to be observed. By analyzing satellite observations of the typical transition temperature (T*) where MPCs become more frequent than liquid clouds, we constrain the importance of INPs in MPC formation. We find that over the Arctic and Southern Ocean, snow and sea ice cover significantly reduces T*. This indicates that the availability of INPs is essential in controlling cloud phase evolution and that local sources of INPs in the high‐latitudes play a key role in the formation of MPCs.
The Effect of Heparin and Its Preparations on Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Mortality and Hospitalization: A Systematic Review

Methods The databases of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were searched systematically up to November 2021. The quality of RCTs was assessed by Cochrane Collaboration's tool and the risk of bias was assessed for cohort studies through NOS score. Results Out of 3288 articles, eight studies were eligible to be included in this study. Our review retrieved six RCTs and two retrospective cohort studies consisting of 950 participants diagnosed by DIC. A significant effect of heparin on DIC mortality was identified in four studies. Furthermore, heparin was used as a control group in three studies. Conclusions We concluded that administration of heparin and its preparations in DIC patients could reduce the mortality rate and duration of hospitalization, especially in the earlier stages of DIC.
Estimating Dimension in Noisy Chaotic Time Series

SUMMARY This paper is concerned with estimating the dimension of an attractor. The Grassberger Procaccia procedure for estimating the correlation dimension is reviewed, and some alternative estimators considered. A particularly important problem is to estimate dimension in the presence of noise in the data. In pursuit of this, a modification of the Grassberger Procaccia procedure is proposed, and illustrated on both artificial and real data sets.