Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Food Science of Animal Resources

This study investigated the dietary effect of total mixed ration (TMR) based on high roughage content on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of Hanwoo steers. Twenty-four Hanwoo steers (average body weight, 195.3±4.7 kg; age, 8.5 mon) were randomly allocated to three experimental groups according to forage and concentrate ratio (DM basis): 25:75 (control), 50:50 (T50), and 70:30 (T70). Productivity in the fattening period and final body weight were significantly higher in the control. Average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were the same among treatments. Serum parameters, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, and total protein were higher in the control. Carcass weight was comparable in the control and T50 but feeding more roughage was significantly correlated with a higher intramuscular fat. Shear strength and drip loss were higher while n-6/n-3 was lower in T70 compared to the other groups. However, meat color was not significantly different among treatments. In terms of free amino acid contents, glutamic acid and glycine were higher in the control than T50 and T70. Overall, feeding Hanwoo steers with high forage content TMR had the lowest n-6/n-3 ratio of fatty acid content but highest intramuscular fat, shear strength, and drip loss. High forage content TMR is the best feed for Hanwoo steers that gives more benefits for human health and consumption but also provides the best meat grade and quality, which is important in the beef market in Korea.
Food Science of Animal Resources

This study investigated the effect of pig breeds on the quality characteristics of dry-cured loins according to the processing stage. Physicochemical properties of 20 drycured processed loins with the different pig breeds [Berkshire vs Landrace×Yorkshire× Duroc (LYD; n=10)] and different processing stages (raw, curing, dry-ripened 15 day and 30 day) were analyzed. The pig breed influenced moisture content and pH with values of 59% and 53%, and 6.17 and 5.94, for Berkshire and LYD, respectively, on day 30. Drycured loins made with Berkshire showed higher hardness and lower cohesiveness than that of the LYD (p<0.05). Redness and yellowness were higher for Berkshire than LYD (p<0.05). Lipid oxidation and lightness did not affect by pig breed during processing stages (p>0.05). However, sulfhydryl content was significantly higher in Berkshire compared to the LYD after dry-ripened for 15 days (p<0.05). The concentration of total free amino acids and fatty acids was higher for Berkshire during all processing stages (p<0.05). Berkshire may be better quality due to its high moisture content and pH compared to the LYD.
Full-waveform inversion of crosshole GPR data for hydrogeological applications

High resolution and precise characterization of aquifers is needed to improve the understanding of flow and solute transport processes. Decimeter-scale and high contrast structures caused by changes in the porosity or clay content can have a dominant effect on hydraulic processes within an aquifer. Such heterogeneities or layering in aquifers can be related to preferential flow paths or impermeable clay lenses and can act as electromagnetic low-velocity waveguides. Crosshole ground penetrating radar is able to provide shallow subsurface electrical properties, viz. dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity, and has proven a powerful tool to map and characterize aquifers due to the method’s high resolution and sensitivity to porosity and soil water content. Ray-based methods, which incorporate only a small part of the measured signal in the inversion, such as first-arrival travel times and first-cycle amplitudes, are not able to detect such layers. In contrast, the crosshole GPR full-waveform inversion, which considers the entire waveform or significant parts thereof, is able to resolve sub-wavelength high resolution images and can detect high contrast layers. Recently, a novel 2D time-domain vectorial full-waveform crosshole radar inversion was introduced that significantly improves the model resolution compared to standard ray-based techniques. This GPR full-waveform inversion is modified by allowing an optimized acquisition setup that significantly reduces the acquisition time and computational costs. The improved algorithm is employed to invert crosshole GPR data acquired within a gravel aquifer in the Thur valley, Switzerland, using the ray-based results as starting models. Compared to the ray-based inversion, the results from the full-waveform inversion show images with significantly higher resolution. The simulated traces of the final model, obtained by the full-waveform inversion, fit the observed traces very well in the lower part of the section and reasonably well in the upper part of the section. By incorporating the vadose zone and the water table in the starting models and inversion domain, we are able to improve the initial results and resolve unprecedented sub-wavelength high resolution images for permittivity and conductivity in the entire inversion domain including a high permittivity layer between 5 m 6 m depth. This high permittivity layer acts as an electromagnetic low-velocity waveguide and is caused by an increased porosity indicating a
Food Science of Animal Resources

Postbiotics are defined as probiotics inactivated by heat, ultraviolet radiation, sonication, and other physical or chemical stresses. Postbiotics are more stable than probiotics, and these properties are advantageous for food additives and pharmacological agents. This study investigated the immunostimulatory effects of heat-treated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LM1004 (HT-LM1004). Cellular fatty acid composition of L. plantarum LM1004 isolated form kimchi was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry detection system. The nitric oxide (NO) content was estimated using Griess reagent. Immunostimulatory cytokines were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Relative protein expressions were evaluated by western blotting. Phagocytosis was measured using enzyme-labelled Escherichia coli particles. L. plantarum LM1004 showed 7 kinds of cellular fatty acids including palmitic acid (C16:0). The HT-LM1004 induced release of NO and upregulated the inducible NO synthase in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 levels were also increased compared to control (non-treated macrophages). Furthermore, HT-LM1004 modulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) subfamilies including p38 MAPK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Therefore, these immunostimulatory effects were attributed to the production of transcriptional factors, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and the activator protein 1 family (AP-1). However, HT-LM1004 did not showed significant phagocytosis of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Overall, HT-LM1004 stimulated MAPK/AP-1 and NF-κB expression, resulting in the release of NO and cytokines. These results will contribute to the development of diverse types of food and pharmacological products for immunostimulatory agents with postbiotics.
Hydrocarbon degrading bacteria as indicator of petroleum pollution in Ismailia Canal, Egypt.

Water and sediment samples were collected from four sites extending for about 20 Km from the beginning of Ismailia canal. The samples were collected seasonally for the chemical screening of hydrocarbon pollutants via capillary gas chromatography and collected monthly for the bacterial assessment during the period from August 2007 to July 2008. The results demonstrated that all sites contain a mixed source of biogenic and petrogenic hydrocarbons but the biogenic hydrocarbons were stronger than the petrogenic hydrocarbons in the beginning of the canal while in the other three sites especially at petroleum companies, the pollution source was largely of petroleum-derived materials. The average count of total heterotrophic bacteria in water samples was 10 CFU/ml, while in sediment samples was 10 CFU/ml. The average density of crude oil utilizing 4 5 bacteria in water samples was 10 -10 MPN/100ml, while in sediment samples was 10 MPN/100ml. The average 3 4 5 of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria within the average of heterotrophic communities was fluctuated between 0.2% to 2.1%. The highest average percent of degrading bacteria in water and sediment samples was found at petroleum companies. So the percentage of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria was taken as a sensitive index of environmental exposure to hydrocarbon pollutants.
Food Science of Animal Resources

This study assessed breed differences in fatty acid composition and meat quality of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) and semitendinosus (SE) of Angus× Chinese Simmental (AS), Wagyu×Chinese Simmental (WS), and Chinese Simmental (CS). CS (n=9), AS (n=9) and WS (n=9) were randomly selected from a herd of 80 bulls which were fed and managed under similar conditions. Fatty acid profile and meat quality parameters were analyzed in duplicate. Significant breed difference was observed in fatty acid and meat quality profiles. AS exhibited significantly (p<0.05) lower C16:0 and higher C18:1n9c compared with CS. AS breed also had a tendency (p<0.10) to lower total saturated fatty acid (SFA), improve C18:3n3 and total unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) compared with CS. Crossbreed of AS and WS had significantly (p<0.05) improved the lightness, redness, and yellowness of muscles, and lowered cooking loss, pressing loss, and shear force compared with CS. These results indicated that fatty acid composition and meat quality generally differed among breeds, although the differences were not always similar in different tissues. Fatty acid composition, meat color, water holding capacity, and tenderness favored AS over CS. Thus, Angus cattle might be used to improve fatty acid and meat quality profiles of CS, and AS might contain better nutritive value, organoleptic properties, and flavor, and could be potentially developed as an ideal commercial crossbreed.
6. GEOCHEMISTRY OF ZERO-AGE N-MORB FROM HOLE 648B, ODP LEGS 106-109, M.A.R., 22°N 1

Legs 106-109 achieved the first basaltic bare-rock drill hole, on a small volcano (Serocki volcano) located on the flanks of the rift valley in the MAR about 70 km south of the Kane fracture zone. Because of severe technical difficulties only 50.5 m of basalt below seafloor was recovered. Geochemical analysis shows that the recovered basalts display typical N-MORB characteristics as expected in this segment of the Mid-Atlantic ridge. The lava flows display rather equivalent geochemical characteristics all over the drilled section and show the imprint of a previous magmatic differentiation suffered by the magmas before their emission, indicative of a fractional crystallization of plagioclase-b earing cumulates. The incompatible and alkali element content of these 648B magmas is very low, a feature which resembles those of other N-MORB. The geochemical characteristics of these basalts look closely similar to those of basalts from the same flow line emitted respectively 10 m.y. (Hole 395, Legs 45-46), and 110 m.y. (Hole 417A, Legs 51-53) ago, supporting the persistence in this ridge segment of a mantle source with depleted characteristics over the last 110 m.y. , but with some variations in the degree of depletion of the source along this period. Although these rocks appear fresh, the imprint of an incipient low temperature alteration can be noticed in a few samples, as evidenced by slight increases of alkali, U elements, and 87Sr/86Sr isotopic compositions.
Comments on ''A New Coastal Wave Model. Part V: Five-Wave Interactions''

Recent calculations by Lin and Perrie (1997) on the surface wave spectral energy fluxes due to the wave nonlinearity in deep and shallow water appeared after previously published works by Krasitski (1993), Shrira et al. (1996), and Kalmykov (1993, 1995, 1997), while presenting results that are qualitatively different from those obtained previously. This comment is on these obvious differences and why it appears that the conclusions of Lin and Perrie cannot be justified. Surface waves in deep water as well as in shallow water are very well described by the four-wave kinetic equation as shown by Hasselmann and Hasselmann (1985) and Herterich and Hasselmann (1980). Analogous computation of the five-wave kinetic equation for deep and shallow water show that a five-wave contribution is very small: only 3%–5% of the fourwave one (Kalmykov 1998). Therefore we can conclude that the four-wave kinetic equation still remains dominant for the shallow and deep water wave modeling and that all this discussion is of only academical interest. During the past 15 years many studies have been made in this area, some of which are not cited by Lin and Perrie (1997), including Parts I and II of the series leading to the present article under discussion (Part III). They present results of their own calculations of the spectral transfer rates in a JONSWAP spectrum, which are qualitatively different from various previously published results, while offering no explanation for the differences found. The subject of five wave–wave interactions among surface gravity waves is not new. First discussions concerning the energy transfer by five-wave interactions in wave spectra took place at Zakharov’s seminar in 1993 in Moscow, where the present author made a report (Kalmykov 1993). In experiments, it was first
Observation and Analysis of Aerosol Optical Depth in Qingdao Coastland

Based on the data of aerosol optical depths(AOD) measured by a CE-318 sun-photometer in Qingdao from April 2008 to March 2009,aerosol optical properties were analyzed.Results show that the spectrum of aerosol optical depth accords with ngstrm relation(κ=0.22±0.07,υ=1.26±0.23). There are 3 different types of AOD daily variations,which are increasing,decreasing and convex shape.The AOD is higher in Spring and Summer,and lower in Winter.
Importancia del apoyo a las necesidades psicológicas básicas en la predisposición hacia diferentes contenidos en Educación Física

espanolSiguiendo la teoria de la autodeterminacion, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la asociacion entre la percepcion de apoyo a las necesidades psicologicas basicas (i.e., autonomia, competencia y relaciones sociales) y la predisposicion hacia el contenido (i.e., actitud cognitiva y afectiva) que tiene el alumnado. El estudio fue desarrollado en tres unidades didacticas de Educacion Fisica, donde participaron 77 alumnos en el contenido de futbol sala, 75 en acrosport y 78 en rugby, pertenecientes a 4o de Educacion Secundaria Obligatoria. Los resultados de los analisis de correlacion y los analisis predictivos senalan una relacion positiva entre la percepcion del apoyo de las tres necesidades psicologicas y la predisposicion hacia el contenido que tienen los alumnos, adquiriendo uno u otro mediador mas importancia en funcion del contenido curricular impartido. En base a ello, se destaca la importancia de apoyar las tres necesidades psicologicas basicas mediante estrategias de intervencion que deben ser disenadas y adaptadas para cada contenido curricular. Todo ello puede redundar en una mayor predisposicion del alumnado hacia cada uno de los contenidos curriculares que integran la Educacion Fisica, suponiendo una mayor adherencia hacia la practica de actividad fisica. EnglishGrounded on the self- determination theory, the aim of the study was to analyze the association between perceived support of basic psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence and relatedness) and predisposition toward the content (i.e., cognitive and affective attitude). The study was developed in three Physical Education teaching units. The sample was comprised of 77 football, 75 acrosport and 78 rugby 4th- year compulsory Secondary Education students. The results of the correlation and predictive analysis indicate a positive relationship between perceived support of the three psychological needs and predisposition to the content. The importance of each psychological need was different depending on the teaching unit. The usefulness of supporting the three basic psychological needs through intervention strategies was highlighted. These strategies should be designed and adapted for any curricular content. This can result in a greater predisposition of students to each of the units that integrate Physical Education. It can also lead to greater adherence to participation in physical activity.
Reinforcement Learning and Deep Stochastic Optimal Control for Final Quadratic Hedging

We consider two data driven approaches, Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Deep Trajectory-based Stochastic Optimal Control (DTSOC) for hedging a European call option without and with transaction cost according to a quadratic hedging P&L objective at maturity ("variance-optimal hedging"or"final quadratic hedging"). We study the performance of the two approaches under various market environments (modeled via the Black-Scholes and/or the log-normal SABR model) to understand their advantages and limitations. Without transaction costs and in the Black-Scholes model, both approaches match the performance of the variance-optimal Delta hedge. In the log-normal SABR model without transaction costs, they match the performance of the variance-optimal Barlett's Delta hedge. Agents trained on Black-Scholes trajectories with matching initial volatility but used on SABR trajectories match the performance of Bartlett's Delta hedge in average cost, but show substantially wider variance. To apply RL approaches to these problems, P&L at maturity is written as sum of step-wise contributions and variants of RL algorithms are implemented and used that minimize expectation of second moments of such sums.
Fishing in, fishing out: transboundary issues and the territorialization of blue space

In this paper, we consider transboundary access to and appropriation of resources as a part of the territorialization of space by the state. This implies that environmental concerns about transboundary resource access are seen as inherently social and political in nature, and that they will be approached as processes of human interaction and decision making regarding the environment. Scientific concerns about transboundary access to nature and natural resources are relatively recent, and appear to be triggered by several parallel developments, both within the sciences as well as in the physical and social world “out there”. Firstly, there is a growing interest in, hence scientific analysis of the global mobility of goods, services, and knowledge, including both human and natural resources as commodities through transnational chain networks. Ranging from social and economic food chain research and the transboundary spread (or “pollution”) of genetically-modified crops from the USA into Mexico, to human trafficking from Asia and Eastern Europe into Northwestern Europe, these studies concentrate on the environmental and economic or the social, economic, and political aspects of resource mobility. Transboundary mobility is shown to be a multiple-scale
Statistical downscaling of daily precipitation from observed and modelled atmospheric fields

Statistical downscaling techniques have been developed to address the spatial scale disparity between the horizontal computational grids of general circulation models (GCMs), typically 300–500 km, and point‐scale meteorological observations. This has been driven, predominantly, by the need to determine how enhanced greenhouse projections of future climate may impact at regional and local scales. As point‐scale precipitation is a common input to hydrological models, there is a need for techniques that reproduce the characteristics of multi‐site, daily gauge precipitation. This paper investigates the ability of the extended nonhomogeneous hidden Markov model (extended‐NHMM) to reproduce observed interannual and interdecadal precipitation variability when driven by observed and modelled atmospheric fields. Previous studies have shown that the extended‐NHMM can successfully reproduce the at‐site and intersite statistics of daily gauge precipitation, such as the frequency characteristics of wet days, dry‐ and wet‐spell length distributions, amount distributions, and intersite correlations in occurrence and amounts. Here, the extended‐NHMM, as fitted to 1978–92 observed ‘winter’ (May–October) daily precipitation and atmospheric data for 30 rain gauge sites in southwest Western Australia, is driven by atmospheric predictor sets extracted from National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis data for 1958–98 and an atmospheric GCM hindcast run forced by observed 1955–91 sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs). Downscaling from the reanalysis‐derived predictors reproduces the 1958–98 interannual and interdecadal variability of winter precipitation. Downscaling from the SST‐forced GCM hindcast only reproduces the precipitation probabilities of the recent 1978–91 period, with poor performance for earlier periods attributed to inadequacies in the forcing SST data. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polar Amplification in CCSM4: Contributions from the Lapse Rate and Surface Albedo Feedbacks

AbstractA vertically nonuniform warming of the troposphere yields a lapse rate feedback by altering the infrared irradiance to space relative to that of a vertically uniform tropospheric warming. The lapse rate feedback is negative at low latitudes, as a result of moist convective processes, and positive at high latitudes, due to stable stratification conditions that effectively trap warming near the surface. It is shown that this feedback pattern leads to polar amplification of the temperature response induced by a radiative forcing. The results are obtained by suppressing the lapse rate feedback in the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4). The lapse rate feedback accounts for 15% of the Arctic amplification and 20% of the amplification in the Antarctic region. The fraction of the amplification that can be attributed to the surface albedo feedback, associated with melting of snow and ice, is 40% in the Arctic and 65% in Antarctica. It is further found that the surface albedo and lapse rate f.
PHYLOGENETIC AFFINITIES OF THE LONG‐SNOUTED DOLPHIN EURHINODELPHIS (CETACEA, ODONTOCETI) FROM THE MIOCENE OF ANTWERP, BELGIUM

Abstract: A new skull belonging to the species Eurhinodelphis cocheteuxi (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Eurhinodelphinidae), found in the upper Lower–Middle Miocene of Antwerp (Belgium, southern margin of the North Sea Basin) associated with its ear bones (periotic, tympanic bullae, malleus and incus), is the basis of a redescription and systematic revision of the species. This species is then used as an isolated taxon in a phylogenetic study of extinct and extant odontocetes. The main results of the cladistic analyses are: a sister‐group relationship between E. cocheteuxi and the extant family Ziphiidae (beaked whales), and a more basal position of the superfamily Physeteroidea (sperm whales) in the tree. The possible paraphyly of the family Eurhinodelphinidae needs further investigation. The results are compared with the most recent morphological and molecular analyses. The species E. bossi, described in the Miocene of Maryland (east coast of the USA, Calvert Formation) is recognized in the Miocene of Belgium for the first time.