Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monetary Policy, Bank Bailouts and the Sovereign-Bank Risk Nexus in the Euro Area*

The article analyses the empirical relationship between bank credit risk and sovereign credit risk in the euro area, using a system of simultaneous equations identified through heteroskedasticity. We first confirm a two-way causality between both risks, which amplifies initial credit risk shocks. We also document significant credit risk spillovers between sovereigns and banks in the periphery and the core countries. The article then focuses on the impact of ECB non-standard monetary policy and bank bailout policies. We show that bailouts have reduced both risks. Monetary policy lowered in most but not all cases bank and sovereign risk.
Effect of Developing Safety Handling Protocol for Chemotherapy on Nurses' Knowledge and practices at Minia Oncology Center

Introduction: Widespread use of chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of cancer can lead to higher health hazards among nurses who handle and administer such drugs, so they should know how to protect themselves from the effects of chemotherapy. Aim of study: was to evaluate the effect of implementing Safety Handling Protocol for Chemotherapy (SHPC) on nurses’ knowledge and practical skills. Research design: A Quasi – experimental research design was utilized to carry out this study. Setting: this study was conducted at Minia Oncology Center. Subjects: all available nurses (50) who are working in outpatient and inpatient chemotherapy department. Tools: three tools were designed by researcher and utilized; Arabic administered questionnaire, structured observational checklist and safe handling chemotherapy protocol (booklet). Results: nurses had poor knowledge regarding safe handling chemotherapy. The mean score of total nurses knowledge statistically improved from (12.9± 4.8 to 25.4 ± 2.0 & 22.7 ± 2.8 respectively) in pre, immediately, and after 2 months of implementing (SHPC) with p value (.0001**). Nearly all nurses have unsatisfactory practical skill level before implementing (SHPC) which significantly changed after implementing it (90%, 18%, 20% respectively) with p value (.0001**). Conclusion: the results of this study revealed significant improvement of nurses' knowledge, and practical skills among the nurses handling chemotherapeutic drugs after implementing (SHPC). Recommendations: health care professionals who are responsible for handling chemotherapeutic drugs should be adherent to implementation of (SHPC). Key word: Chemotherapy Drugs, Risks, Safety, Safety Handling Protocol for Chemotherapy, Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice
Comparison of Theta Beta Ratio in children with Attention deficit/hyperactive disorder and specific Learning Disorder during active EEG

Introduction: Theta-Beta Ratio (TBR) has been claimed as a biomarker to diagnose Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, the effectiveness of this index to differentiate between different groups of disorders is still under discussion. The primary purpose was to determine to what extent active TRB can differentiate between children with ADHD and specific Learning Disorder (sLD) as the most common comorbid disorder. Methods: Two groups of school-aged children with sLD (N=15) and ADHD (N=15) were diagnosed through a process of clinical interview and observation. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded in both groups during active condition. The implemented cognitive task was the visual continuous performance task (VCPT). TBR in sites of CZ and Fz, and cognitive measures of VCPT were calculated in the aforementioned groups. Results: There was no significant differences in cognitive measures (containing Commission, Omission, Reaction Time, and Variability of Reaction Times) shown in two matched groups of children with sLD and ADHD. According to TBR, two groups demonstrated no significant results in comparison. Conclusion: TBR cannot be considered as a reliable biomarker to differentiate between those groups of psychological disorders that contain primary cognitive deficits and require the allocation of attention and working memory loads.
A Retrospective study of analysis of reasons for discard of blood and blood components

Introduction: Blood transfusion is an essential element in modern health care. Transfusion of blood and blood components has become an integral part of patient management in modern medicine. Human blood till date has no substitute. Demand of blood and its components always outpace its supply. This emphasizes the need for proper utilization of blood and its components with preferably “NO” or minimal wastage. Materials and methods: A Retrospective study of analysis was carried out at Sri Siddhartha Medical College Hospital Blood bank from 1 st January 2017 to December 31 st 2017. Results: Out of 1806 whole blood bags, 371 (5.21%) were discarded. 137 (36.9%) units were discarded because of transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs). Out of 11809 components prepared, 1027 (8.6%) were discarded. Most common component discarded was platelet (40.7%) and reason for discard was date of expiry due to non-utilization. Conclusion: Blood being irreplaceable source, discard rate can be reduced by proper counseling of blood donors and adhering to strict donor deferral criteria. Discard rate of platelet concentrate can be minimized by preparing platelet concentrate on request and also by using modern technique like Apheresis.
Commercial Shrimp Farming at Coastal Areas in Bangladesh and Its Effects on Livelihood and Environment: A Study on Paikgacha Upazila, Khulna

The study focuses on the changing livelihood pattern and the environment through shrimp farming in Bangladesh where the country is one of the largest producers of shrimp in the whole world. Shrimp production sector is contributing to the national economy of Bangladesh very fast other than any other sectors. This sector is the second top production sector of the century. This study was based on survey method; especially survey was done by questionnaire survey, where the primary data were collected from questionnaire survey. Although the environmental impact of shrimp cultivation is very adverse, the sector is becoming more popular because of huge profit. Therefore, the study found the change in pattern along with occupation, land use practice, sources of food, specially protein intake, transportation etc. Furthermore, the study found the adverse impact of intruding brackish water on surrounding environment and both on flora and fauna. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 66(2): 87-90, 2018 (July)
The Messel Pit: Window into a Greenhouse World

Anthropogenic climate change may result, within 200 years, in warm and equable climatic conditions not experienced on Earth for tens of millions of years. Ancient ecosystems under such “greenhouse” conditions may be seen as natural experiments, and their study may help us anticipate the future, should mediation fail. The Messel Pit, a UNESCO World Heritage site in Germany, is a fossil-rich deposit laid down in the Eocene under such a greenhouse climate. Fossils of all major groups of terrestrial (including freshwater) organisms are preserved. These allow us to study their relationships, reconstruct species diversity, explore how modern groups of plants and animals evolved, and how they interacted with their environment. Examples are presented of trophic chains and reproductive behavior. Thanks to the exceptional quality and abundance of its fossils, Messel arguably offers the most detailed insight into the terrestrial ecosystem of the Eocene.
Suicidal Behavior At School From Teachers´ Perspective

Suicide is one of the main causes of death among adolescents in Europe. It is therefore important to consider possible warning signs of suicidal behaviour. Important people in the lives of children and adolescents are teachers who may notice the above-mentioned signals. The purpose of the current study is to analyse the experience of teachers with the suicidal behaviour of pupils in primary and secondary schools. We were interested in the manifestations of pupils' suicidal behaviour at school and the ways teachers react to it. The recruited teachers completed an online self-designed questionnaire composed of quantitative and qualitative questions. The research group consisted of primary and secondary school teachers (N = 52). The results of the research indicated the different experiences of primary and secondary school teachers with the suicidal behaviour of pupils. Regarding the forms of suicidal behaviour, teachers most often encounter pupils' self-harm (61.5% of teachers), suicidal ideations and suicide speeches (46.2%), as well as suicide attempts (23.1%). 15.4% of teachers have already experienced a completed pupil suicide. Teachers' reactions to a pupil's suicidal behaviour are most often as follows: an individual interview with the pupil
Functional Assessment for Decision-Making Regarding Return to Sports Following ACL Reconstruction: A Comparison of Football Players with Normative Data

Context In order to objectively evaluate knee function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and a patient’s possible to sport, a standardized and easy-to-use test battery has been developed. Objective The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of a test battery in football players with data of are ference group. Cross-sectional study. Strength training facility and university laboratory. Thirty-four male football players (21. 4 ± 4. 1years, 179. 9 ± 4. 9cm, 73. 6 ± 6. 1kg) of a professional football club and a cohort (n = 52) of healthy, physical active population (24. 8 ± 3years, 179. 0 ± 5. 7cm,
Error analysis in written narratives by thai university students of elementary Spanish as foreign language

Desde hace relativamente poco tiempo la enseñanza de ELE está experimentando una creciente demanda en Tailandia, especialmente en el sector turístico. Debido a esta situación, el aprendizaje de (algo de) español se ha convertido en centro de atención en la educación terciaria, entre otros contextos. El presente artículo se centra en los errores que cometen los estudiantes tailandeses de nivel elemental de español como lengua extranjera (ELE). Estos estudiantes también dominan el inglés como lengua extranjera. Después de un trimestre en Mahidol University International College, se ha realizado un meticuloso análisis de los errores que aparecen en redacciones escritas por 83 estudiantes. Los resultados ofrecen prueba irrefutable de interferencia tanto de la lengua materna como de la segunda lengua –tailandés e inglés- en las redacciones escritas por estos estudiantes.
Epistemic modals in early Modern English history texts. Analysis of gender variation

In the present study, samples of late Modern English scientific texts have been analysed to evaluate cases of epistemic modality as realised by modal verbs. The aim of this research was to detect if there exist variances in the way modals are used in historical texts from a gender perspective. For this, I have interrogated the Corpus History English Texts (1700-1900) which is part of The Coruña Corpus of English Scientific Texts, which contains history texts written by male and female authors. I have used the Coruña Corpus Tool for retrieval, although manual analyses have been carried out as well. Each of the occurrences found have been categorised according to their contextual meanings. The results obtained account for a high frequency on the usage of these modal verbs according to gender and the diverse pragmatic functions these modal verbs accomplish in the communicative process, such as mitigation and negative politeness. From a pragmatic perspective, epistemic modals have the potential to allow negotiation of meaning between writers and their audience among other functions.
Time Biases

You are time-biased if you have systematic preferences about when events happen. There are different varieties of time bias. Near-biased agents discount events as they are scheduled further in the future. Future-biased agents discount events because they have already occurred. This book argues that it is irrational to be time-biased. In the process it develops the theory of temporal neutrality for rational planning. The first part (Chapters 1–4) describes two arguments against near bias: one based on well-being and one based on arbitrariness. It also develops a theory of egoistic concern. The second part (Chapters 5–7) argues that structurally similar arguments can be mounted against future bias. In the process it diagnoses issues we have understanding and measuring past discounting. The final part (Chapters 8–11) explains why we are time-biased and shows how the theory of temporal neutrality can help us determine when to stick to our past commitments, how to value an afterlife, and how to discover meaning in life even if we cannot make a permanent difference in the world.
Acute Interval and Continuous Moderate Intensity Exercise Enhanced Circadian Thermogenic Activity through Browning related Genes in Obese Adolescent Female

Thermogenesis is associated with oxidation activity in muscle and fat tissue, the target of non-pharmacological therapy in preventing the increase in obesity. This research was designed to reveal the circadian profile of thermogenic gene expression after the acute interval and continuous moderate-intensity exercise. The subjects were 22 randomly selected obese adolescent females who met the predetermined inclusion criteria. The study subjects were then divided into three groups: control group (CG), acute interval moderate-intensity exercise group (AIMIE), and acute continuous moderate-intensity exercise group (ACMIE). Acute interval and continuous exercise were performed by running on a treadmill for 40-45 minutes, while moderate-intensity was defined as 60%-70% of the maximum heart rate (HRmax). The blood samples were collected initially (pre-exercise), followed by 10 minutes, 6 hours, and 24 hours post-acute interval and continuous moderate-intensity exercise treatment. Measurement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) and fibronectin type III domain 5 (FNDC-5) expressions in protein level were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Data were analyzed using one way-ANOVA and two way-ANOVA with a significant level of 5%. The findings suggest a substantial increase in the expression of PGC-1α and FNDC-5 after exercise compared to before the workout. A significant difference in PGC-1α and FNDC-5 expressions between the control group compared to AIMIE and ACMIE (p ≤ 0.05) has been observed. However, there is no significant difference in PGC-1α and FNDC-5 expressions after exercise between AIMIE and ACMIE (p ≥ 0.05). In conclusion, acute interval and continuous moderate-intensity exercise increase the expression of thermogenesis-related genes. Hence, acute interval and continuous moderate-intensity exercise might be potential non-pharmacological therapy to prevent, reduce, and control the increasing prevalence of obesity.
In Vitro Hair Growth Promoting Effect of a Noncrosslinked Hyaluronic Acid in Human Dermal Papilla Cells

Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) are a source of nutrients and growth factors, which support the proliferation and growth of keratinocytes as well as promoting the induction of new hair follicles and maintenance of hair growth. The protection from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the promotion of angiogenesis are considered two of the basal mechanisms to preserve the growth of the hair follicle. In this study, a noncrosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) filler (HYDRO DELUXE BIO, Matex Lab S.p.A.) containing several amino acids was tested with in vitro assays on human follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs). The experiments were carried out to investigate the possible protection against oxidative stress and the ability to increase the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release. The results demonstrated the restoration of cell viability against UVB-induced cytotoxicity and an increase in the VEGF secretion. These data demonstrate the capability of the product to modulate human dermal papilla cells, suggesting a future use in mesotherapy, a minimally invasive local intradermal therapy (LIT), after further clinical investigations.
Preparation of electrospun nanofibers based on wheat gluten containing azathioprine for biomedical application

Abstract In this study, wheat gluten fibers loaded by the azathioprine were fabricated and their physicochemical properties were studied. The nanofibers were characterized by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transformed-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, thermogravimetric, and differential thermal analysis. The SEM images showed that the addition of polyvinyl alcohol decreased the fibers’ diameters. The diameters of 77.14 ± 14.11 nm were obtained for the wheat gluten–polyvinyl alcohol loaded drug fibers. In addition, the cell viability evaluation conducted by the MTT assay proved no cytotoxicity of the prepared nonofibers at concentrations up to 4 mg/mL to human umbilical vein endothelial cell. Graphical Abstract
Pharmacovigilance: The extent of knowledge, attitude, and practice in MBBS interns of rural tertiary health center of Maharashtra

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are one of the leading causes of death and are responsible of 5–10% of the hospital costs. Every drug having more or less adverse effects which may leads to medical and economic burdens on patients. Some ADRs are severe enough to increase the risk of death. Pharmacovigilance aims to detect and monitor the ADR, to identify the risk factors responsible of it, and to disseminate the knowledge required for the improvement of prescription of drugs. Aim and Objective: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of pharmacovigilance in MBBS interns of rural tertiary health center of Maharashtra. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study to evaluate the KAP regarding pharmacovigilance among MBBS interns. KAP questionnaire contained 20 questions along with options and correct answer. For pre-test, 20 min were given to them for answering all questions then a seminar (an educational intervention) was taken on pharmacovigilance and its importance and last, posttest was conducted in 20 min. Results: A total of 75 MBBS interns attended the CME on pharmacovigilance and filled the preand post-test questionnaire. Fifty-three (70.66%) participants were not known when the Pharmacovigilance Program of India (PvPI) started and 57 (76%) participants were unaware of regulatory body which is responsible for monitoring ADR in PvPI. Forty-seven (62.66%) participants had no clue that a serious adverse event should be reported within a stipulated time period to the regulatory body. Conclusion: Interns are new budding health care workers and they do not have sufficient knowledge of pharmacovigilance. Inclusion of pharmacovigilance in undergraduate curriculum, conducting CME for doctors, nurses, and pharmacist and motivation of doctors for reporting ADRs are some measures which can improve the spontaneous reporting system, patient safety, and Indian pharmacovigilance program.
CMYK-CIELAB Color Space Transformation Using Machine Learning Techniques

In this work four different machine learning approaches have been implemented to perform the color space transformation between CMYK and CIELAB color spaces. We have explored the performance of Support-Vector Regression (SVR), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Deep Neural Networks (DNN), and Radial Basis Function (RBF) models to achieve this color space transformation, both AToB and BToA direction. The data set used for this work was FOGRA53 which is composed of 1617 color samples represented both in CMYK and CIELAB color space values. The accuracy of the transformation models was measured in terms of ΔE* color difference. Moreover, the proposed models were compared, in practical terms, with the performance of the standard ICC profile for this color space transformation. The results showed that, for the forward transformation (CMYK to CIELAB), the highest accuracy was obtained using RBF. While, for the backward transformation (CIELAB to CMYK), the highest accuracy was obtained with DNN.
Socioeconomic and Cultural Importance of The Yellow-Fronted Canary (Serinus Mozambicus) in Northern Benin

The species yellow-fronted canary undergoes a real traffic due to its song and medico-magical properties in order to supply local commercial networks. This study aims to assess the socioeconomic and cultural importance of this bird in order to identify the cohorts of actors involved along this activity chain. In this context a survey was carried out among 400 breeders in four agroecological zones of Benin (ZAE II; ZAE III, ZAE IV and ZAE V). The questionnaire also focused on general characteristics of the respondents on aspects related to general knowledge of the bird, its social importance, purchase and sale price, cultural importance and breeders’ perceptions. Canary traders, mostly with primary education level (63.25%) and Muslim (97.5%), were on average 44 years old and an average experience of 27 years. They exercised this activity in part-time (96.5%). The knowledge about canary is shared is different depending on the ethnic group. The activity was profitable for all of them (100%) with 128,624 FCFA (233.18 USD) net profit per month. The trader's education level, whether or not he belonged to ZAE II, the number of birds he had in his possession, the daily amount he invested in their food, their selling price, the number of years he made the activity, his experience in the business were the factors that determine the net profit of the canary’s trader. However, canaries' breeding in north-Benin is based on a complex system with actors who develop many myths around medico-magical practices. This study was necessary to better assess the pressure on the species in order to anticipate its conservation.
Association of Inflammatory Markers/Cytokines with Cardiovascular Risk Manifestation in Patients with Endometriosis

This study is aimed at determining the association of inflammatory markers and proinflammatory cytokines with cardiovascular risk manifestation in women with endometriosis as compared to healthy controls. A total of 181 females of reproductive age with the absence of other inflammatory or autoimmune disorders and a lack of hormonal therapy for at least 6 months voluntarily participated in this investigation. Patients were 81 females, laparoscopically diagnosed with endometriosis, while the control group comprised 80 healthy females without any pelvic pathology. All subjects were 20-40 years of age. Exclusion criteria were diabetes, obesity, hypertension, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular, and renal disorders. C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, homocysteine, interleukin-17, and interleukin-33 were analyzed using commercially available ELISA kits. For statistical interpretation, the unpaired Student “t” test was used. All inflammatory markers and cytokines demonstrated elevated levels (P < 0.001) in endometriosis patients as compared to healthy controls. The results of the study revealed that the patients with endometriosis demonstrate a hypercoagulable status due to inflammation, which initiates atherosclerosis and associated complications. Hence, endometriosis can cause a risk of cardiovascular disorders in these patients.