Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Markers as Predictors of Shunt Dependency and Functional Outcome in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

The mechanisms underlying post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) development following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are not fully understood, which complicates informed clinical decisions regarding the duration of external ventricular drain (EVD) treatment and prevents the prediction of shunt-dependency in the individual patient. The aim of this study was to identify potential inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of PHH and, thus, shunt-dependency and functional outcome in patients with SAH. This study was a prospective observational study designed to evaluate inflammatory markers in ventricular CSF. In total, 31 Patients with SAH who required an EVD between June 2019 and September 2021 at the Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, were included. CSF samples were collected twice from each patient and analyzed for 92 inflammatory markers via proximity extension assay (PEA), and the prognostic ability of the markers was investigated. In total, 12 patients developed PHH, while 19 were weaned from their EVD. Their 6-month functional outcome was determined with the modified Rankin Scale. Of the 92 analyzed inflammatory biomarkers, 79 were identified in the samples. Seven markers (SCF, OPG, LAP TGFβ1, Flt3L, FGF19, CST5, and CSF1) were found to be predictors of shunt dependency, and four markers (TNFα, CXCL5, CCL20, and IL8) were found to be predictors of functional outcome. In this study, we identified promising inflammatory biomarkers that are able to predict (i) the functional outcome in patients with SAH and (ii) the development of PHH and, thus, the shunt dependency of the individual patients. These inflammatory markers may have the potential to be employed as predictive biomarkers of shunt dependency and functional outcome following SAH and could, as such, be applied in the clinic.
The Temple-Lehmann-type methods in iterative algorithms

Exact a priori error estimates are obtained for two-sided approximations to the lower eigenvalues of a symmetric matrix, computed by the Temple-Lehmann-type methods. An a priori optimization of parameters is carried out in iterative methods of such type. We intend to develop iterative versions of the Temple-Lehmann method for obtaining two-sided approximations to the lower eigenvalues of a symmetric matrix A. Let us introduce a Temple functional [2,8] where α is a real parameter. It was shown in [2] that under an appropriate choice of the parameter α and the vector u the quantity A(w) can estimate any eigenvalue both from above and from below. In [6,7], N.J. Lehmann suggested that the stationary values of the functional A be computed on a 'trial' subspace U by analogy to the Rayleigh-Ritz method and proved that these values provide two-sided estimates simultaneously for a group of eigenvalues with appropriately chosen a and U. In [8], N. J. Lehmann pointed to the possibility of choosing the Krylov subspace for U and considered the iterative realization of the method. In this paper, we suggest instead of A( ·) a functional of more general form, obtain exact error estimates (cf. [3]) and to compute the stationary value of this new functional, we construct iterative algorithms of the subspace iteration type [3,4] with the optimal a priori choice of iterative parameters. 1. TWO-SIDED ESTIMATES FOR A LOWER EIGENVALUE In an Euclidean space H let us consider the following eigenvalue problem: Αιι=λη, Α=Α*. (1.1) Number the eigenvalues of the operator A in the increasing order: Αχ < A2 < . < Amax (without loss of generality, λ^ is assumed to be simple) and denote the corresponding orthonormal eigenvectors by u^u2,•••>max· Let the numbers A e (A1,A2] and I > Amax be known and on the set Αχ υ [Α,Α] a real-valued function β(Α) be given which is continuous on the segment [Α,Α] and such that ζ)(λ^) > 0. Let us introduce the quantity σ: σ Ξ a(Q) = max Λ e [λ,Ι] and define the functional = (AQ(A)u,u) ' (A(A)u9u) M € / / \ 0 . ^ 266 A.V. Knyazev etal. We have A ( w 1 ) = Ar Assume the value of the functional A ( w ) to be an approximation to Ar Let us formulate the error estimates. Theorem LI. (a) If (A) > 0 for A € [A, A], then Λ ~ <<Jtg ""· (L2) max (b) If (A) < 0 for A e [A,A] and atg^(u',ul) 0 [or (A) < 0] for A € [A,A] and a vector u such that atgZ(w;wx) = c and the right-hand inequality in (1.2) [or (1.4)] becomes an equality. Remark 1.2. [on the possibility to make constraint (1.3) weaker]. If β(λ) < 0 for A e [A,A], the inequality λ®(η) < λ^ will also hold with the constraint (Q(A)u,u) > 0 weaker than (1.3). 2. AN A PRIORI OPTIMIZATION Let Π^ and Π^ be sets of all polynomials P^ and P^ of degree not exceeding TV, positive_at the point λ1 and preserving the sign on the segment [A,A]: Ρ^(λ) > 0 for A € [A,I]. Let us solve the problems of minimization of the quantities a( ^) and a(Qft) on the sets Π^ and 77^, respectively. Theorem 2.1. (a) The following equalities are valid: 2 mn σ (b) The following equalities are valid:
Clinical research progress of lorlatinib in progressive non-small cell lung cancer

Lung cancer is the malignant tumors with the most incredible mortality rate and an estimated 2.2 million newly diagnosed cases worldwide, according to the World Health Organization 2020 report, significantly endangering the lives and health of people globally, which makes this kind of disease one of the most prevalent malignancies globally. 85% - 90% of all lung tumors are due to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) which is a common occurrences form of lung cancer. Lorlatinib, a cutting-edge ALK inhibitor of the third-generation, has more systemic and intracranial effectiveness than ALK inhibitors of the first- and second-generations. In addition, it is effective against most single mutations known to result in ALK resistance. The treatment of patients suffering from NSCLC with Lorlatinib was approved by Japan and the US in 2018, by the EU in 2019, and by China in April 2022, when the drug should become available. For the purpose of providing a reference for clinical medication, this article reviews the clinical research progress, intracranial treatment effect and drug toxicity of Lorlatinib therapy.
A STATISTICAL STUDY OF CORONAL ACTIVE EVENTS IN THE NORTH POLAR REGION

In order to study the relationship between characteristics of polar coronal active events and the magnetic environment in which such events take place, we analyze 526 X-ray jets and 1256 transient brightenings in the polar regions and in regions around the equatorial limbs. We calculate the occurrence rates of these polar coronal active events as a function of distance from the boundary of coronal holes, and find that most events in the polar quiet regions occur adjacent to and equatorward of the coronal hole boundaries, while events in the polar coronal holes occur uniformly within them. Based primarily on the background intensity, we define three categories of regions that produce activity: polar coronal holes, coronal hole boundary regions, and polar quiet regions. We then investigate the properties of the events produced in these regions. We find no significant differences in their characteristics, for example, length and lifetime, but there are differences in the occurrence rates. The mean occurrence rate of X-ray jets around the boundaries of coronal holes is higher than that in the polar quiet regions, equatorial quiet regions, and polar coronal holes. Furthermore, the mean occurrence rate of transient brightenings is also higher in these regions. We make comparison with the occurrence rates of emerging and canceling magnetic fields in the photosphere reported in previous studies, and find that they do not agree with the occurrence rates of transient brightenings found in this study.
Advances in Research on the Regulatory Roles of lncRNAs in Osteoarthritic Cartilage

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative bone and joint disease that can lead to disability and severely affect the quality of life of patients. However, its etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. It is currently believed that articular cartilage lesions are an important marker of the onset and development of osteoarthritis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of multifunctional regulatory RNAs that are involved in various physiological functions. There are many differentially expressed lncRNAs between osteoarthritic and normal cartilage tissues that play multiple roles in the pathogenesis of OA. Here, we reviewed lncRNAs that have been reported to play regulatory roles in the pathological changes associated with osteoarthritic cartilage and their potential as biomarkers and a therapeutic target in OA to further elucidate the pathogenesis of OA and provide insights for the diagnosis and treatment of OA.
HIV Infection Elicits Differential Transcriptomic Remodeling in CD4+ T Cells with Variable Proliferative Responses to the T Cell Receptor Stimulus

Identification of a cellular biomarker of latent HIV infection will facilitate the latent reservoir detection, quantification, and targeting for elimination. Unfortunately, the latency biomarkers reported in the literature define only a fraction of the entire reservoir. The latent HIV reservoir may be established in dividing cells that subsequently return to quiescence and in resting cells. The strength of the T cell receptor (TCR) signaling at the time of infection affects characteristics of the established reservoir, such as the ability to reactivate with latency reversing agents. To better understand the cellular environments before latency establishment, we characterized transcriptomic remodeling induced by the initial HIV infection in cells with differential proliferative responses to the TCR stimulus. Cell proliferation was monitored using the viable dye carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester. Cells that divided many times, a few times, or remained non-dividing were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing. A subset of identified transcriptional changes induced by HIV infection was independent of the number of cell divisions; however, responses unique to different cell subsets were also detected. Some of these early gene expression changes were consistent with reported markers of latently infected cells. We pose that the latency biomarkers may depend on the cellular proliferative state at the time of infection.
Review of Breast Abscess Cases at a Tertiary Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background Breast abscess is a prevalent cause of morbidity in women occurring in 0.4% to 11% of patients after mastitis. The majority are benign, but worrisome etiologies such as inflammatory cancer and concomitant immune-compromising diseases should be addressed when a non-lactating patient presents with a breast abscess. The problem is high among women in developing countries (1). The purpose of this study is to assess the magnitude, clinical presentation, and treatment of breast abscess patients at a tertiary hospital. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on all patients treated for breast abscesses from September 2015 to August 2020. A retrospective review of the clinical records was performed to collect data on sociodemographic, clinical, and management data using a data extraction form. The collected data were then cleaned and entered into SPSS for analysis. Results Two hundred and nine patients were included in this study over 5 years and lactational breast abscess (LBA) is more prevalent,182 (87.1%) than non-lactational breast abscess (NLBA), 27 (12.9%). Bilateral breast abscesses occurred in 16 (7.7%) patients. Patients presented at a median duration of 11 days and had been breastfeeding for 2 or more months. A spontaneously ruptured abscess was detected in, 30 (14.4%) of the patients. Comorbidities identified include diabetes mellitus (DM) in, 24 (11.5%), Hypertension in, 7 (3.3%), HIV in, 5 (2.4%) of patients. All women were treated with Incision and Drainage and had a median volume of 60 mL of pus drained. Following surgery, all patients were given ceftriaxone in the immediate post-operative days and either cloxacillin,167 (80.3%), or Augmentin,41 (19.7%) antibiotics p on discharge. Follow-up data were available for 201 (96.1%) patients and the recurrence rate was 5.8%. Conclusions and Recommendations Lactational breast abscesses are more common than non-lactational breast abscesses, particularly in primiparas. DM is the most common comorbidity in non-lactational breast abscesses and health-seeking behavior should be improved given the delayed presentation.
Repeat discectomy for recurrent same level disc herniation: A literature review of the past 5 years

Background: Recurrent disc herniations remain a challenge in spinal surgery. Although some authors recommend a repeat discectomy, others offer more invasive secondary fusions. Here, we reviewed the literature (2017–2022) regarding the safety/efficacy of treating recurrent disc herniations with repeated discectomy alone. Methods: Our literature search of recurrent lumbar disc herniations included; Medline, PubMed, Google scholar, and the Cochrane database. We focused on the types of discectomy performed, perioperative morbidity, costs, length of surgery, pain scores, and incidence of secondary dural tears. Results: We identified 769 cases that included 126 microdiscectomies, and 643 endoscopic discectomies. Rates of disc recurrence ranged from 1% to 25% with accompanying secondary durotomy varying from 2% to 15%. In addition, operative times were relatively short, ranging from 29.2 min to 125 min, with a relatively small average estimated blood loss (i.e., minimal to maximally 150 mls). Conclusion: Repeated discectomy was the most commonly performed treatment for same-level recurrent disc herniations. Despite minimal intraoperative blood loss and short operating times, there was a significant risk of durotomy. Notably, patients must be informed that more extensive bone removal for treating recurrent disc increases the risk for instability warranting subsequent fusion.
A Case of Kidney Transplantation from a Deceased Donor with Acute Kidney Injury due to Rhabdomyolysis

Acute kidney injury (AKI) due to rhabdomyolysis occurs because of renal ischemia or acute tubular necrosis due to the deposition of myoglobin casts in the renal tubules. Donors with AKI due to rhabdomyolysis are not contraindication for transplantation. However, the dark red kidney raises concerns about renal hypofunction or primary nonfunction after transplantation. We report the case of a 34-year-old man with a 15-year history of hemodialysis for chronic renal failure due to congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. The patient received a renal allograft from a young woman who suffered cardiac death. The serum creatinine (sCre) level of the donor at the time of transport was 0.6 mg/dL, and renal ultrasonography revealed no abnormalities in renal morphology or blood flow. Her serum creatinine kinase level increased to 57,000 IU/L 58 h after femoral artery cannulation and sCre level worsened to 1.4 mg/dL, suggesting AKI due to rhabdomyolysis. However, since the urine output of the donor was maintained, the sCre elevation was thought to be nonproblematic. The allograft had a dark red appearance at the time of procurement. The perfusion of the isolated kidney was good, but the dark red color did not improve. A 0-h biopsy showed flattening of the renal tubular epithelium and absence of the brush border and myoglobin casts in 30% of the renal tubules. Rhabdomyolysis-related tubular damage was diagnosed. Hemodialysis was discontinued on postoperative day 14. Twenty-four days after the operation, the transplanted kidney function progressed favorably (sCre 1.18 mg/dL), and the patient was discharged. Protocol biopsy 1 month after transplantation showed disappearance of myoglobin casts and improvement in renal tubular epithelial damage. The patient’s sCre level was approximately 1.0 mg/dL 24 months after transplantation, and he is doing well without complications.
Metrics analysis of the coupled Block Adaptive‐Tree Solar Wind Roe‐Type Upwind Scheme and Fok ring current model performance

Modeling is an important tool in understanding physical processes in the solar system. Metrics analysis evaluates model performance by comparing model output to a measurable parameter of interest. In this paper we studied the performance of the coupled Block Adaptive‐Tree Solar Wind Roe‐Type Upwind Scheme (BATSRUS) global magnetosphere MHD code and the Fok ring current model (FRC) by examining in detail the geosynchronous proton fluxes during the injection event on 21–22 January 2005. The output of BATSRUS code, calculated ionospheric potential and magnetic field, as well as proton temperature and density distribution, is used as an input boundary condition for the FRC model. We also discuss another event, on 10–11 August 2000, and speculate about the reasons of an apparent difference in the performance of the coupled models for these two events. The results of the simulation are compared with two LANL satellite observations, LANL‐97A and 1994‐084. The comparison of the simulation results for strongly varying solar wind and for prolonged interval of steady solar wind with southward IMF Bz, demonstrates that coupled BATSRUS and FRC models perform fairly for the magnetosphere driven by strong solar wind disturbances and probably are missing some internal magnetosphere dynamics in the second case.
Existence theory for nonlinear hyperbolic systems in nonconservative form

This paper deals with the Cauchy problem for nonlinear strictly hyperbolic Systems in nonconservative form. Weak Solutions to these Systems in the space of bounded functions of bounded Variation are understood in the sense of Volpert [Vo] or, more generally, in the one proposed by Dal Maso-Le Floch-Murat [DLM]. Assuming that each characteristic field of the System is either genuinely nonlinear or linearly degenerate and the total Variation of the initial data is sufficiently small, we prove the convergence of the random-choice method (introduced by Glimm in the context of Systems of conservation laws). Our proof is based on the result of pointwise convergence due to the second author [Li3]. Our result proves the existence of entropy weak Solutions of bounded Variation for general Systems in nonconservative form. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 35 L; 76 L, 76T.
On the set of divisors of a number

If z is a natural number and if z=pipfy —Pj is its factorization into primes, then the sum X/ + \2 + '" + \ " will be called the degree of z. Let m be a squarefree natural number of degree /? , i.e., m is the product of n different primes. Let the set of all divisors of m of degree k be denoted by Dk, k = Q, /, •,/? ; clearly,the cardinality of Dk is equal to C(n,k), where C(nJ<) denotes the binomial coefficient, n! /[k! (n k)! ]. Two natural numbers 5 and f are said to differ in exactly one factorif § = rpi and f= rp2 , where pi and P2 are prime numbers, with Pi ? P2Let a be a natural number that is a divisor of m. A natural number |3 is said to be an extension of a if 0 is a divisor of m, a is a divisor of |3 and the degree of j3 is one more than the degree of aA natural number 7 is said to be a restriction of a if 7 is a divisor of m, 7 is a divisor of a and the degree of 7 is one less than the degree of a . If A is a non-empty set of divisors of m, we shall denote by A the set of all extensions of the divisors in A; if A = 0, we define A = 0* The cardinality of any set A will be denoted by \A\ and we use the superscript "c" to denote complementation. In this note, the author gives a relatively short and interesting proof of the following theorem: Theorem. Let A be a collection of divisors of a squarefree natural number m such that each divisor in A has degree k, 0<k <n. Then
Vortex formation of a finite-span synthetic jet: effect of rectangular orifice geometry

Abstract The formation and evolution of flow structures of a finite-span synthetic jet issuing into a quiescent flow were investigated experimentally using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV). The effect of two geometrical parameters, the orifice aspect ratio and the neck length, were explored at a Strouhal number of 0.115 and a Reynolds number of 615. Normalized orifice neck lengths of 2, 4 and 6 and aspect ratios of 6, 12, and 18 were examined. It was found that the effect of the aspect ratio is much larger than the effect of the neck length, and as the aspect ratio increases the size of the edge vortices decreases and the presence of secondary structures is more evident. Moreover, axis switching was observed and its streamwise location increases as the aspect ratio increases. The effect of the neck length on the flow structures and the evolution of the synthetic jet was found to be secondary, where the effect was only in the very near field (i.e. close to the jet’s orifice).
Bio-Entities Based on Albumin Nanoparticles and Biomimetic Cell Membranes: Design, Characterization and Biophysical Evaluation

Protein-based particles are one of the most important research topics in nanomedicine, being used especially as drug delivery systems. From the wide variety of proteins, albumins offer several advantages in biomedical applications due to their special properties. Albumin nanoparticles play an important role as carriers in the drug delivery of chemical and biomolecular drugs, such as anticancer drugs; offer many advantages, such as biocompatibility and biodegradability; and are well-tolerated, without any side effects. In this work, various types of bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (BSA NPs), with or without ascorbic acid or glucose, were prepared via different nanoprecipitation methods. The obtained BSA NPs were characterized by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy. Their size and morphology were studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The stability in time of the developed BSA NPs was spectrally monitored. Three types of bio-entities containing BSA NPs and chlorophyll-labeled artificial cell membranes were “green” developed. The designed biohybrids were characterized by UV–Vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy, and their three-dimensional topography was investigated by AFM. Both the size and shape of the developed bio-entities were monitored through SEM analysis. These results could be exploited in the development of novel drug carrier systems or as bio-coatings to be used in the biomedical field.
Investigations on topologically associated domains from functional, evolutionary, and technical perspectives

The human genome has widespread three-dimensional organization. New Hi-C methods first identified TADs, which are regions of chromosomes characterized by a high frequency of self-interaction. Many different aspects of this genetic domain have been studied in the past, such as the processes that lead to its formation, the regulatory roles it plays, the extent to which it has been conserved and stable across species throughout evolution, the diseases that are linked to TAD disruptions, and the identification methods that have recently been developed. With a literature review approach, this paper hopes to compile and synthesize previous findings concerning TAD regions, creating a reference extract for use in the future.