Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Audit of lower urinary tract endoscopic procedures in Borno, North-Eastern Nigeria

Background: Endourology which includes lower urinary tract (LUT) endoscopy, is an important component of standard urological practice worldwide. The objective of our study was to audit the LUT endoscopic procedures performed in Borno, a state in north-eastern Nigeria and share our experience. Methods: We, retrospectively reviewed the Lower urinary Tract endoscopies performed in Borno state over 9 years, from January 2012 to December 2020. Data related to LUT endoscopies were extracted from the patients’ clinical notes and operation theatre registers of the 2 focused hospitals in Borno where endourology procedures were performed (University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital and Royal specialist hospital maiduguri) and then analyzed. Urology patients who did not undergone LUT endoscopy were excluded. Results: We analyzed the data of total sum of 201 patients for the 2 hospitals, which represented the sample size for the study. Mean age of patients was 47.2years, with male to female ratio of 3.5:1. Bladder tumor with or without haematuria (31.3%) was the commonest indication for LUT endoscopy, seconded by removal of ureteric double J stents (23.4%). Urethrocystoscopy (74.0%) was the commonest procedure performed predominantly under local anaesthesia, for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Conclusions: We reported LUT endoscopies in Borno which was commonly indicated in bladder tumors presenting with or without haematuria. Urethrocystoscopy is the commonest procedure. As we get more endourology equipment in the public hospital many of our patients will benefit from these minimally invasive procedures in both lower and upper urinary tract diseases.
Examining consumer use of mobile health applications by the extended UTAUT model

Today, rapid changes and innovations in technology cause changes in the health sector as in many areas. Especially mobile technologies and applications are increasing their usage areas in the health sector day by day. Thanks to these mobile health applications, consumers provide a lot of convenience and advantages in healthy eating, reproductive health, disease monitoring, access to health records, etc. The study aims to investigate consumers’ usage of mobile health (mHealth) applications with the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. It is possible to say that it is an empirical study since the data were collected with the questionnaire method. Because this is research based on a cause-andresult relationship, the relationships were revealed with Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The data were collected between November 2020 and January 2021 via the Google Forms platform from 354 individuals using convenience sampling through social media channels. The SPSS and SmartPLS programs were used for the analyses. First of all, it was determined that the scales' validity and reliability were ensured by performing validity and reliability analysis of the research model. According to the findings, it was revealed that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, habit, hedonic motivation, and perceived trust have a significant effect on the intention to use mHealth applications and, the intention to use mHealth applications has a significant effect on the behaviour of use mHealth applications.
Pre-pandemic mental and physical health as predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: evidence from a UK-wide cohort study

Importance: Although several predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy have been identified, the role of physical health has not been well-examined, and the association with mental health is unknown. Objective: To examine the association of pre-pandemic mental health, physical health, and shielding with vaccine hesitancy after the announcement of the successful testing of the Oxford University/AstraZeneca vaccine. Design, Setting, and Participants: We used individual-level data from a pandemic-focused investigation (COVID Survey), a prospective cohort study nested within the UK Understanding Society (Main Survey) project. In the week immediately following the announcement of successful testing of the first efficacious inoculation (November/December 2020), data on vaccine intentionality were collected in 12,035 individuals aged 16-95 years. Pre-pandemic, study members had responded to enquiries about diagnoses of mental and physical health, completed the 12-item General Health Questionnaire for symptoms of psychological distress (anxiety and depression), and indicated whether they or someone in their household was shielding. Main outcome measures: Self-reported intention to take up a vaccination for COVID-19. To summarise our results, we computed odds ratios with accompanying 95% confidence intervals for indices of health and shielding adjusted for selected covariates. Results: In an analytical sample of 11,955 people (6741 women), 15.4% indicated that they were vaccine hesitant. Relative to their disease-free counterparts, shielding was associated with a 24% lower risk of being hesitant (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval: 0.76; 0.59, 0.96), after adjustment for a range of covariates which included age, education, and ethnicity. Corresponding results for cardiometabolic disease were 22% (0.78; 0.64, 0.95), and for respiratory disease were 26% (0.74; 0.59, 0.93). Having a pre-pandemic diagnosis of anxiety or depression, or a high score on the distress symptom scale, were all unrelated to the willingness to take up a vaccine. Conclusions and relevance: People who have been prioritised for COVID-19 vaccination owing to a physical condition are more likely to take it up. These effects were not apparent for indices of mental health.
The effect of high intensity interval training and moderate intensity continuous training on the levels of cardiotrophin-1and insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes

Introduction: Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) plays an important role in promoting the obesity related disorders including insulin resistance. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) on the levels of CT-1 and insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six women (average age of 46.95±3.49 years old, average weight of 79.5±5.7 kg) with type 2 diabetes randomly assigned in three equal groups including HIIT, MICT and control groups. Both training program conducted for 12 weeks and three session per week. Blood samples collected before and after intervention and serum levels of CT-1 and insulin were measured by ELISA method. Results: Between group analysis indicated a significant decrease of CT-1 levels in HIIT (P=0.002) and MICT (P=0.016) groups compared to control group, but no significant difference observed between HIIT and MICT groups (P=1.000). Paired t test analysis indicated that serum levels of CT-1 significantly decreased in both HIIT and MICT groups (P<0.001). Moreover, insulin resistance significantly decreased in HIIT and MICT groups compared to control group (P<0.001). Intragroup analysis indicated a significant decrease of insulin resistance in HIIT and MICT groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: It seems that, positive effects of HIIT and MICT protocols including improvement the insulin resistance are exerted by decreased the serum levels of CT-1. In addition, HIIT was no superior compared to MICT for observed changes in CT-1 levels and insulin resistance.
Prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum in sheep in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

The prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in sheep was determined in Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria. Faeces from randomly selected sheep were analyzed using the Enzymelinked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Cryptosporidium parvum antigens were detected in stools of 174 sheep by the use of a commercial ELISA kit. A total of 28.7% of the stools were positive for the antigens. The infection rates decreased with age, the pre-weaned lambs (51.1%) having a significantly higher (p<0.05) rate than the post-weaned lambs (25.5%) and adults (16.7%). The infection rates were also significantly higher (p<0.05) in males (42.9%) and sheep with diarrhoeic stools (41.8%) than in females (17.5%) and sheep with formed stools (17.9%) respectively. This study therefore reveals that the prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum infection is high in sheep reared in Abeokuta and may serve as a reservoir for human infections.
Artificial intelligence system reduces false-positive findings in the interpretation of breast ultrasound exams

Though consistently shown to detect mammographically occult cancers, breast ultrasound has been noted to have high false-positive rates. In this work, we present an AI system that achieves radiologist-level accuracy in identifying breast cancer in ultrasound images. Developed on 288,767 exams, consisting of 5,442,907 B-mode and Color Doppler images, the AI achieves an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.976 on a test set consisting of 44,755 exams. In a retrospective reader study, the AI achieves a higher AUROC than the average of ten board-certified breast radiologists (AUROC: 0.962 AI, 0.924 ± 0.02 radiologists). With the help of the AI, radiologists decrease their false positive rates by 37.3% and reduce requested biopsies by 27.8%, while maintaining the same level of sensitivity. This highlights the potential of AI in improving the accuracy, consistency, and efficiency of breast ultrasound diagnosis. Ultrasound is an important imaging modality for the detection and characterization of breast cancer, but it has been noted to have high false-positive rates. Here, the authors present an artificial intelligence system that achieves radiologist-level accuracy in identifying breast cancer in ultrasound imaging.
Evaluation of serological tests for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: implementation in assessing post vaccination status

Background The anti SARS CoV 2 immunological assays have promising applications in the control and surveillance of the current COVID 19 pandemic. Therefore, large number of serological assays are developed in the commercial market to measure SARS CoV 2 antibodies, which requires evaluation before their application in large scale. Objectives To evaluate the performances of commercially available serological assays for detecting SARS CoV 2 antibodies. Methods The study compared the performances of six different methods for detection of antibodies against SARS CoV 2 which includes (i) Genscript SARS CoV 2 surrogate virus neutralization test kit [Test A] (ii) Diasorin SARS CoV 2 S1 S2 IgG detection [Test B] (iii) Alinity SARS CoV 2 IgG II [Test C] (iv) Diasorin SARS CoV 2 TrimericS IgG [Test D] (v) Roche Elecsys Anti SARS CoV 2 cobas [Test E] (vi) AESKULISA (AESKU Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) [Test F] against the gold standard Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT). Results Test E had the highest sensitivity and Test A had the highest specificity The ROC for tests A, C, D and E showed optimum cutoffs that differed from the manufacturers recommendation. Test D had the best performance considering all the performance indicators with the highest agreement with the PRNT results. Parallel testing of test A with test D and test B had the optimum performance. Conclusion Serological assays that are commercially available are very promising and show good agreement with the standard PRNT results. Studies on large samples for optimization of the assay cutoff values and cost effective evaluations on parallel testing methods are needed to make recommendations on these commercial assays.
Interdental and subgingival microbiota may affect the tongue microbial ecology and oral malodour in health, gingivitis and periodontitis

Background and Objective: Oral malodour is often observed in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis patients, and the tongue microbiota is thought to play a major role in malodorous gas production, including Volatile Sulfur Compounds (VSCs) such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methanethiol (CH3SH). This study aimed to examine the link between the presence of VSCs in mouth air (as a marker of oral malodour) and the oral bacterial ecology in the tongue and periodontal niches of healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis patients. Methods: Participants were clinically assessed using plaque index, bleeding on probing (BOP) and periodontal probing depths, and VSC concentrations in their oral cavity measured using a portable gas chromatograph. Tongue scrapings, subgingival and interdental plaque were collected from healthy individuals (n=22), and those with gingivitis (n=14) or chronic periodontitis (n=15). The bacterial 16S rRNA gene region V3-V4 in these samples was sequenced and the sequences analysed using the Minimum Entropy Decomposition pipeline. Results: Elevated VSC concentrations and CH3SH:H2S were observed in periodontitis compared to health. Significant ecological shifts were observed in the tongue microbiota of healthy subjects who had higher plaque scores, suggesting a possible connection between the microbiota of the tongue and the periodontium and that key dysbiotic changes may be initiated in the clinically healthy who have higher dental plaque accumulation. Greater subgingival bacterial diversity was positively associated with H2S in mouth air. Periodontopathic bacteria known to be prolific VSC producers increased in abundance on the tongue and this was associated with increased bleeding on probing (BOP) and a greater % of periodontal pockets >6mm, supporting the suggestion that the tongue may become a reservoir for periodontopathogens. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of the periodontal microbiota in malodour and has detected dysbiotic changes in the tongue microbiota in periodontitis.
Efficacy of digital elevation and Nash models in runoff forecast

Digital elevation models (DEMs) are extensively used in hydrological modelling and deriving the geomorphological properties of catchments. Recently, hydrologists have shown interest in researching the effects of DEMs from different sources on simulated outputs. As part of these efforts, this study aimed at evaluating the effects of DEM and algorithm selection on geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrographs (GIUH)-Nash model based direct surface runoff predictions from ungauged Debarwa river catchment in Eritrea. Four open-source DEMs and two quantum geographic information system (QGIS) algorithms (GRASS and SAGA) were applied and corresponding outputs were evaluated using five observed events. The two algorithms resulted in drainage networks of similar stream orders but different geomorphologic characteristics such as stream ratios. The subjective and objective goodness of fit results indicated that the performance of the model based on SAGA was unsatisfactory whereas that of GRASS algorithm-based GIUH-Nash model was acceptable for all the DEM-scenarios irrespective of their sources and resolutions. The study concluded that DEM in the calculation of flow hydrographs for the conditions of the Debarwa catchment selection has little impact on the GIUH-Nash model based direct surface runoff predictions and can be used indiscriminately. But, great care should be taken while selecting stream network generating algorithms, especially for catchments whose outlets are located near the confluence of two major rivers.
HONEY SUPPLEMENTATION IN LACTATE RINGER-EGG YOLK EXTENDER ON QUALITY OF PELUNG CHICKEN SPERMATOZOA POST-CHILLING

The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of honey supplementation in lactate ringer-egg yolk extender with 0.025% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2% vitamin E addition (LREYSE) on the quality of Pelung chicken spermatozoa preserved at 5° C for 72 hours. Semen was collected from three Pelung chickens once per day over a course of three days using the dorsal-abdominal massage method. Semen was divided into 5 treatment groups of honey supplementation that are 0% as control (LREYSEH0), 1% (LREYSEH1), 2% (LREYSEH2), 3% (LREYSEH3), and 4% (LREYSEH4). This liquid semen was observed for sperm motility and viability every 12 hours. Complete random design repeated measurement with 4 replications was used in this study. The results showed the motility and viability of spermatozoa in LREYSE extender with 2% honey supplementation (61.25±1.25% and 71.50±0.74%) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than other treatments that are 0% (51.25±1.25% and 61.88±1.36%), 1% (52.50±1.44% and 63.25±1.38%), 3% (51.25±1.25% and 61.63±1.48%), and 4% (50.00±2.04% and 60.63±2.29%) of honey supplementation in extender at 36 hours of storage until the end of the observation at 72 hours of incubation. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the 2% honey supplementation in extender is the best treatment to maintain sperm motility and viability for 72 hours of storage. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Weil Felix test for detection of Rickettsial infections

Introduction: Rickettsial diseases though very commonly found in India, are often misdiagnosed due to lack of awareness and non-availability of diagnostic facilities. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of rickettsial infections in patients attending our hospital with complaints of fever. Materials and Method: A total of 150 serum samples were tested for rickettsial infections by Weil Felix test and the results were analysed. 25 serum samples from afebrile patients were also tested as controls. Results: Of the 150 samples, 59 samples showed significant titres, out of which 29 showed significant titres to OX-K, 10 to OX2, 11 to OX-19 and mixed titres seen in other 09 samples. Conclusions: Clinical suspicion and routine testing for rickettsial diseases will be useful in patients presenting with fever for prompt diagnosis and management of these cases.
Public Perceptions of Legal Aspects of Price Tagging of Balinese Betutu Chicken

This study aims to determine community perceptions about the legal aspects of price tagging in Balinese chicken Betutu sales. The population of this study was housewives in Banjar Anyar, Sumertha Kelod Village, East Denpasar District, Denpasar, Bali. This study used a survey sample (cross sectional study). The variables of this study are: (1) The importance of giving price tags; (2) Without the label violating the law; (3) The constitution on the sale of goods. Based on the analysis, the results of this study indicate that as much as 65% of respondents consider the price tagging important in sales and 3.9% of the 103 respondents consider that the price tagging in selling Balinese chicken Betutu is less important. Meanwhile, at the level of understanding without labels violating the law, 55.3% of respondents did not know that without a label in selling Balinese chicken betutu was against the law and only 14.6% of respondents knew that without a label in selling Balinese chicken Betutu was against the law. At the level of understanding of the laws on the sale of goods, 77.7% of respondents did not know about the laws on selling goods and only 4.9% of respondents knew about the laws on selling goods. Based on these results it can be concluded that there are still many people who do not know the importance of labeling a business product and the legal aspects of labeling a business product.
M IX S IZE : T RAINING C ONVNETS W ITH M IXED I MAGE S IZES FOR I MPROVED A CCURACY , S PEED AND S CALE R ESILIENCY

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are commonly trained using a fixed spatial image size predetermined for a given model. Although trained on images of a specific size, it is well established that CNNs can be used to evaluate a wide range of image sizes at test time, by adjusting the size of intermediate feature maps. In this work, we describe and evaluate a novel mixed-size training regime that uses several image sizes at training time. We demonstrate that models trained using our method are more resilient to image size changes and generalize well even on small images. This allows faster inference by using smaller images at test time. For instance, we receive a 76.43% top-1 accuracy (ResNet50 on ImageNet) with an image size of 160, which matches the accuracy of the baseline model with 2× fewer computations. Furthermore, for a target image size used at test time, we show this method can be exploited either to accelerate training or improve the final test accuracy. For example, we are able to reach a 79.27% accuracy with the same model evaluated at a 288 spatial size for a relative improvement of 14% over the baseline. MixSize regimes pave the way for faster and more accurate training and inference using convolutional networks. Our PyTorch implementation and pre-trained models are publicly available1.
YOUTH PARTICIPATION IN SPORT IN A CONTEXT OF VULNERABILITY: PERCEPTION OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EXPERIENCES Participación juvenil en el deporte en un contexto de vulnerabilidad: percepción de experiencias positivas y negativas

Abstract Aim: A growing body of research has investigated the participation of youth in sport in the context of vulnerability and often associated with a variety of positive experiences. However, the experience perceived by young people in sport in these contexts is not well understood. The aim of the present study was to understand feelings experienced by young people, which are associated with sports participation in the extracurricular program. Methods: This is a qualitative, exploratory and interpretive study. Participants in the study were young adults (n=11) who participated in Programa Segundo Tempo (PST) [Second Half Program] when they were youth, and were from five municipalities of different states having the longest partnership with the Ministry of Sports (seven consecutive years). Data were collected from interviews held with a digital video recorder. Results: The feelings experienced by an individual performing an activity are one of the main forces involved in the process of positive development. A predominance of positive experiences was found regarding activity, individual, and family. Negative experiences were associated with socio-structural factors and the coaches. Conclusions: For these young people, sports participation triggered feelings and processes that belong to the scope of person-context interactions, principally of the nature of: activity, the coach’s role, and family participation.