Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy loss and risk of incident CVD within 5 years: Findings from the Women's Health Initiative

Background Previous studies have demonstrated an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women with a history of pregnancy loss. Less is known about whether pregnancy loss is associated with age at the onset of CVD, but this is a question of interest, as a demonstrated association of pregnancy loss with early-onset CVD may provide clues to the biological basis of the association, as well as having implications for clinical care. We conducted an age-stratified analysis of pregnancy loss history and incident CVD in a large cohort of postmenopausal women aged 50–79 years old. Methods Associations between a history of pregnancy loss and incident CVD were examined among participants in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Exposures were any history of pregnancy loss (miscarriage and/or stillbirth), recurrent (2+) loss, and a history of stillbirth. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between pregnancy loss and incident CVD within 5 years of study entry in three age strata (50–59, 69–69, and 70–79). Outcomes of interest were total CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), congestive heart failure, and stroke. To assess the risk of early onset CVD, Cox proportional hazard regression was used to examine incident CVD before the age of 60 in a subset of subjects aged 50–59 at study entry. Results After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, a history of stillbirth was associated with an elevated risk of all cardiovascular outcomes in the study cohort within 5 years of study entry. Interactions between age and pregnancy loss exposures were not significant for any cardiovascular outcome; however, age-stratified analyses demonstrated an association between a history of stillbirth and risk of incident CVD within 5 years in all age groups, with the highest point estimate seen in women aged 50–59 (OR 1.99; 95% CI, 1.16–3.43). Additionally, stillbirth was associated with incident CHD among women aged 50–59 (OR 3.12; 95% CI, 1.33–7.29) and 60–69 (OR 2.06; 95% CI, 1.24–3.43) and with incident heart failure and stroke among women aged 70–79. Among women aged 50–59 with a history of stillbirth, a non-significantly elevated hazard ratio was observed for heart failure before the age of 60 (HR 2.93, 95% CI, 0.96–6.64). Conclusions History of stillbirth was strongly associated with a risk of cardiovascular outcomes within 5 years of baseline in a cohort of postmenopausal women aged 50–79. History of pregnancy loss, and of stillbirth in particular, might be a clinically useful marker of cardiovascular disease risk in women.
Connections Between Deep Equilibrium and Sparse Representation Models With Application to Hyperspectral Image Denoising

In this study, the problem of computing a sparse representation of multi-dimensional visual data is considered. In general, such data e.g., hyperspectral images, color images or video data consists of signals that exhibit strong local dependencies. A new computationally efficient sparse coding optimization problem is derived by employing regularization terms that are adapted to the properties of the signals of interest. Exploiting the merits of the learnable regularization techniques, a neural network is employed to act as structure prior and reveal the underlying signal dependencies. To solve the optimization problem Deep unrolling and Deep equilibrium based algorithms are developed, forming highly interpretable and concise deep-learning-based architectures, that process the input dataset in a block-by-block fashion. Extensive simulation results, in the context of hyperspectral image denoising, are provided, which demonstrate that the proposed algorithms outperform significantly other sparse coding approaches and exhibit superior performance against recent state-of-the-art deep-learning-based denoising models. In a wider perspective, our work provides a unique bridge between a classic approach, that is the sparse representation theory, and modern representation tools that are based on deep learning modeling.
Harmonic Injection Based Fault Ride-through Control of MMC-HVDC Connected Offshore Wind Farms

Offshore wind farms connected to the grid via MMC-HVDC should have fault ride-through (FRT) ability. However, without high-speed communications, it is difficult to achieve coordinated control between wind power converters and the MMC-HVDC converters. To address this problem, a coordinated control method that is designed based on the injection of harmonics is proposed. During the fault, the offshore MMC converter detects that the DC voltage has exceeded the threshold value, and then injects sequence harmonics into the offshore AC lines, which enables the wind power converters to cooperatively limit the power injected into the grid. Therefore, the coordinated FRT of multiple converters can be realized without additional communication between wind power converters and the offshore MMC converters. A detailed model of MMC-HVDC connected offshore wind farms is constructed in a real time digital simulator (RTDS), and the proposed method is verified by hardware-in-loop dynamic simulation experiments. In addition to the traditional method of only limiting the output voltage of the offshore MMC, the proposed method also coordinately limits the output current of the wind farm to reduce the output power of the wind farm. Therefore, the proposed method allows the DC voltage to be quickly limited within the allowable range, and the system can achieve safe and reliable FRT without communication.
An Autoregressive Ordered Probit Model With Application to High-Frequency Financial Data

This article introduces a model that can be considered as an autoregressive extension of the ordered probit model. For parameter estimation we first develop a standard Gibbs sampler which however exhibits bad convergence properties. Using a special transformation group on the sample space we develop a grouped move multigrid Monte Carlo (GM-MGMC) Gibbs sampler and illustrate its fundamental superiority in convergence compared to the standard sampler. To be able to compare the autoregressive ordered probit (AOP) model to other models we further provide an estimation procedure for the marginal likelihood which enables us to compute Bayes factors. We apply the new model to absolute price changes of the IBM stock traded on December 4, 2000, at the New York Stock Exchange. To detect whether the data contain an autoregressive structure we then fit the AOP model as well as the common ordered probit (OP) model to the data. By estimating the corresponding Bayes factor we show that the AOP model fits the data decisively better than the common OP model.
Casimir effect in quantum field theory

A new conceptual foundation for renormalizing T/sub munu/ on locally flat space-times: to obtain the so-called Casimir effect: is presented. The Casimir ground state is viewed locally as a (nonvacuum) state on Minkowski space-time and the expectation value of the normal-ordered T/sub munu/ is taken. The same ideas allow us to treat, for the first time, self-interacting fields for arbitrary mass in perturbation theory: using traditional flat-space-time renormalization theory. First-order results for zero-mass lambdaphi/sup 4/ theory agree with those recently announced by Ford. We point out the crucial role played by the simple renormalization condition that the vacuum expectation value of T/sub munu/ must vanish in Minkowski space-time, and in a critical discussion of other approaches, we clarify the question of renormalization ambiguities for T/sub munu/ in curved space-times. In an Appendix, we show how the Casimir effect arises in the C*-algebra approach to quantum field theory.
Satellite-Detected Contrasting Responses of Canopy Structure and Leaf Physiology to Drought

Disentangling drought impacts on plant photosynthesis is crucial for projecting future terrestrial carbon dynamics. We examined the separate responses of canopy structure and leaf physiology to an extreme summer drought that occurred in 2011 over Southwest China, where the weather was humid and radiation was the main growth-limiting factor. Canopy structure and leaf physiology were, respectively, represented by near-infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIRv) derived from MODIS data and leaf scale fluorescence yield (Φf) derived from both continuous SIF (CSIF) and global OCO-2 SIF (GOSIF). We detected contrasting responses of canopy structure and leaf physiology to drought with a 14.0% increase in NIRv, compared with 12.6 or 19.3% decreases in Φf from CSIF and GOSIF, respectively. The increase in structure resulted in a slight carbon change, due to water deficit-induced physiological constraints. The net ecosystem effect was a 7.5% (CSIF), 1.2% (GOSIF), and −2.96% (EC-LUE GPP) change in photosynthesis. Our study improves understanding of complex vegetation responses of plant photosynthesis to drought and may contribute to the reconciliation of contrasting observed directions in plant responses to drought in cloudy regions via remote sensing.
Digital Twins for Anomaly Detection in the Industrial Internet of Things: Conceptual Architecture and Proof-of-Concept

Modern cyber-physical systems based on the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) can be highly distributed and heterogeneous, and that increases the risk of failures due to misbehavior of interconnected components, or other interaction anomalies. In this article, we introduce a conceptual architecture for IIoT anomaly detection based on the paradigms of digital twins (DT) and autonomic computing (AC), and we test it through a proof-of-concept of industrial relevance. The architecture is derived from the current state-of-the-art in DT research and leverages on the MAPE-K feedback loop of AC in order to monitor, analyze, plan, and execute appropriate reconfiguration or mitigation strategies based on the detected deviation from prescriptive behavior stored as shared knowledge. We demonstrate the approach and discuss results by using a reference operational scenario of adequate complexity and criticality within the European Railway Traffic Management System.
Demonstration of distributed distortion-product otoacoustic emission components using onset-latency techniques

An oversimplified notion is that DPOAEs originate from a restricted region on the basilar membrane (BM). In actuality, DPOAEs are a distributed process involving the interaction of many wavelets, most likely generated over a broad region at, and basal to the overlap place of the primary tones. In the present study, DPOAEs were measured in rabbits as time waveforms by using phase rotation to cancel all components in the final average, except the 2f1-f2 DPOAE. At times, f2 was turned off for 6 ms producing a gap so that the DPOAE was no longer generated. These procedures allowed the DPOAE onset as well as the decay during the gap to be observed in the time domain. Results showed that complexities emerged near the onset of the DPOAE time waveform as the f2/f1 ratio decreased, and at the beginning of the gap when f2 was turned off. Such complexities were unaffected by interference tones (ITs) near the DPOAE. However, these complexities were removed by ITs presented above f2, which can be explained by the inte.
A review on the evolution of methods for intestinal in vitro organ culture and its application in veterinary science

Different techniques have been reported in studies of intestinal in vitro organ culture (IVOC). A robust compilation of all available methods is lacking in the literature, making it difficult to choose a method that corresponds to the study’s demands. In this review, readers can assess the most available methods, allowing them to evaluate which is more suitable for their purposes and requirements. A simplified view of culturing intestinal explants is presented, highlighting the approachability of IVOC. Relevant findings from diverse veterinarian studies, where explants played a major role, as well as the technique used in each, are described to illustrate its applications. Finally, the strengths and limitations of the innovative intestinal IVOC methods are discussed. This review provides a collection of methods for intestinal explant culture and their possible applications in veterinary research. In this way, it aims to broaden access to IVOC techniques and aid decision-making regarding the best suited for a study’s purposes.
ON THE SECOND CRITICAL FIELD FOR A GINZBURG–LANDAU MODEL WITH FERROMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS

We consider a two-dimensional Ginzburg–Landau model for superconductors which exhibit ferromagnetic ordering in the superconducting phase, introduced by physicists to describe unconventional p-wave superconductors. In this model the magnetic field is directly coupled to a vector-valued order parameter in the energy functional. We show that one effect of spin coupling is to increase the second critical field Hc2, the value of the applied magnetic field at which superconductivity is lost in the bulk. Indeed, when the spin coupling is strong we show that the upper critical field is no longer present, confirming predictions in the physics literature. We treat the energy density as a measure, and show that the order parameter converges (as the Ginzburg–Landau parameter κ→∞) in an average sense to a constant determined by the average energy.
The essentially tame local Langlands correspondence, II: totally ramified representations

Let F be a non-Archimedean local field. Let $\mathcal{G}_n^{\rm et}(F)$ be the set of equivalence classes of irreducible, n-dimensional representations of the Weil group $\mathcal{W}_F$ of F which are essentially tame. Let $\mathcal{A}_n^{\rm et}(F)$ be the set of equivalence classes of irreducible, essentially tame, supercuspidal representations of GLn(F). The Langlands correspondence induces a canonical bijection $\mathcal{L}:\mathcal{G}_n^{\rm et}(F) \to \mathcal{A}_n^{\rm et}(F)$. We continue the programme of describing this map in terms of explicit descriptions of the sets $\mathcal{G}_n^{\rm et}(F)$ and $\mathcal{A}_n^{\rm et}(F)$. These descriptions are in terms of admissible pairs $(E/F, \xi)$, consisting of a tamely ramified field extension $E/F$ of degree n and a quasicharacter $\xi$ of $E^\times$ subject to certain technical conditions. If Pn(F) is the set of isomorphism classes of admissible pairs of degree n, we have explicit bijections $P_n(F) \cong \mathcal{G}_n^{\rm et}(F)$ and $P_n(F) \cong \mathcal{A}_n^{\rm et}(F)$. In an earlier paper we showed that, if $\sigma \in \mathcal{G}_n^{\rm et}(F)$ corresponds to an admissible pair $(E/F,\xi)$, then $\mathcal{L}(\sigma)$ corresponds to the admissible pair $(E/F,\mu\xi)$, for a certain tamely ramified character $\mu$ of $E^\times$. In this paper, we determine the character $\mu$ when $E/F$ is totally ramified.
Sexual Behaviour and Attitudes towards Safe Sex of Youth Receiving Antiretroviral Care at Public Health Facilities in Palapye District, Botswana

Background: Sexual behaviour of HIV-infected youths is very important in determining the direction of the HIV epidemic, as these youths are reservoirs of HIV and can propagate its transmission if they engage in risky sexual behaviours. However, support structures for secondary prevention are weak even in healthcare settings. There is a need to understand the sexual behaviour of these youths and, in turn, tailor appropriate secondary prevention strategies, hence the current study was designed to assess sexual behaviour and attitudes towards safe sex of youth receiving antiretroviral care at public health facilities in Palapye district, Botswana. Method: This quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional survey was used to describe the sexual behaviour and attitudes towards safe sex and identify factors associated with risky sexual behaviours among HIV-infected youths aged between 15 and 19 years receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) care from public healthcare facilities in Palapye District, Botswana. Results: A total of 188 youths participated in this study, 56% being females while 44% were males. We reported that 15.4% had ever had sex. At their last sexual encounter, more than half of the youths (51.7%) had not used condoms. More than a third of the participants were under the influence of alcohol during their last sexual experience. Generally, the youths had good attitudes towards safe sex, as most youths said they would prioritise protecting their sexual partners and themselves from HIV and STIs. Alcohol use, substance use and not considering religion as important were strongly associated with having ever had sex. Conclusions: A significant proportion of HIV-infected youths are sexually active, whereas their preventive practices such as condom use are poor despite good attitudes towards safe sex. Alcohol use, substance use and not perceiving religion as important were associated with risky sexual behaviours.
Interpreting a graph and constructing its derivative graph: stability and change in students’ conceptions

This present study investigated engineering students’ conceptions and misconceptions related to derivative, particularly interpreting the graph of a function and constructing its derivative graph. Participants were 147 first year engineering students from four universities enrolled in first year undergraduate calculus courses with or without the incorporation of computers for the purposes of seeing the power of visualization, investigating worked examples given in steps and solving various questions related to the worked examples, assisting conceptual understanding, and/or providing feedback besides lectures in the classroom. Students were tested before and after being exposed to instruction on differentiation and integration by a diagnostic test measuring their understanding of major aspects of calculus. Follow-up interviews were conducted with 18 students. Analyses of the results revealed that A-level student's performance was improving more than non-A-level students, particularly in computer groups. The analyses of the students’ written and oral responses in all groups indicated that prototypes, poor understanding of the notion of limit, confusion between the process and the product, and difficulties in using graphical information to give meaning to symbolic representation account for the errors and the misconceptions identified.
Nutrient Patterns and Body Mass Index: A Comparative Longitudinal Analysis in Urban Black South African Adolescents and Adults

Objective: We set out to evaluate the association between nutrient patterns and general adiposity in black South African adolescents and adults and to determine whether the interactions are longitudinally sustained over 24 months. Methods: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to derive the nutrient patterns of 750 participants (250 adolescents between 13 and 17 years old and 500 adults who were 27 years or 45+ years old). PCA was applied to 25 nutrients, computed from the quantified food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ) over a 24 months period. Results: The nutrient patterns between adolescents and adults were similar over time; however, their associations with BMI were different. Among the adolescents, only the “plant-driven nutrients pattern” was significantly associated with a 0.56% (95% CI (0.33; 0.78); p < 0.001) increase in BMI. Among the adults, the “plant-driven nutrient pattern” (0.43% (95% CI (0.03; 0.85); p < 0.001) and the “fat-driven nutrients pattern” (0.18% (95% CI (0.06; 0.29); p < 0.001) were significantly associated with a BMI increase. Furthermore, the “plant-driven nutrient pattern”, “fat-driven nutrient pattern” and the animal-driven nutrient pattern revealed sex differences in their association with BMI. Conclusion: Urban adolescents and adults had consistent nutrient patterns, but their BMI relationships changed with age and gender, an important finding for future nutrition interventions.
Customer incivility, employee emotional exhaustion, and job embeddedness relationship in the Indonesian hospitality sector: The socio-economic status perspective

Abstract This study explores the impact of customer incivility on frontline employees’ job embeddedness in the Indonesian hospitality sector. We also investigate whether emotional exhaustion prevalence mediated, and socio-economic status (SES) moderated the link between customer incivility, emotional exhaustion, and job embeddedness. Data were collected in two stages using an online survey of 192 employees from the hospitality sector in Indonesia. We tested a moderated mediation model using Hayes’ Macro PROCESS version 4.0. Results confirmed that frontline service employees with high levels of uncivil consumer behavior experience have high emotional exhaustion tendencies and low job embeddedness. The findings also reveal that emotional exhaustion partially mediates the relationship between customer incivility and job embeddedness. Moreover, SES mitigates the impact of customer incivility on emotional exhaustion and job embeddedness. A lower level of SES triggers a more substantial effect of customer incivility on exhaustion, whereas a higher SES can reduce the effect of customer incivility on job embeddedness.
On observers in multi-variable control systems†

Many feedback control system designs require the availability of the state of the controlled plant. Since the plant state variables are not generally available for direct measurement in practice a means for estimating these variables is required. Attention is restricted to plants which are linear, time-invariant, finite-dimensional, dynamic systems in this paper. In this case, necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for which a dynamical observer can be employed to estimate the plant state variables. An observer which satisfies these conditions is said to be compatible. When a compatibly observer is employed, and when the plant input vector is made equal to a linear, time-invariant, matrix multiplication on the estimated plant state vector, it is shown hero that the eigenvalues of the overall system can be made equal to any desired values (complex eigenvalues occurring in conjugate pairs) provided the plant is completely controllable. In particular, the plant can always be stabilized. The use of c.
Origin of Voids at the SiO2/SiO2 and SiCN/SiCN Bonding Interface Using Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy and Electron Spin Resonance

To obtain reliable 3D stacking, a void-free bonding interface should be obtained during wafer-to-wafer direct bonding. Historically, SiO2 is the most studied dielectric layer for direct bonding applications, and it is reported to form voids at the interface. Recently, SiCN has raised as a new candidate for bonding layer. Further understanding of the mechanism behind void formation at the interface would allow to avoid bonding voids on different dielectrics. In this study, the void formation at the bonding interface was studied for a wafer pair of SiO2 and SiCN deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The presence of voids for SiO2 was confirmed after the post-bond anneal (PBA) at 350°C by Scanning Acoustic Microscopy. Alternatively, SiCN deposited by PECVD has demonstrated a void-free interface after post bond annealing. To better understand the mechanism of void formation at the SiO2 bonding interface, we used Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy (PAS) to inspect the atomic-level open spaces and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) to evaluate the dangling bond formation by N2 plasma activation. By correlating these results with previous results, a model for void formation mechanism at the SiO2 and the absence of for SiCN bonding interface is proposed.