Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influences of logging history and riparian forest characteristics on macroinvertebrates and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in headwater streams (New Hampshire, U.S.A.)

Summary 1. Logging can strongly affect stream macroinvertebrate communities, but the direction and magnitude of these effects and their implications for trout abundance are frequently region-specific and difficult to predict. 2. In first-order streams in northern New England (U.S.A.) representing a chronosequence of logging history ( 80 years since logging), we measured riparian forest conditions, stream macroinvertebrate community characteristics and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) abundance. Principal component analysis was used to collapse forest data into two independent variables representing variation in logging history, riparian forest structure and canopy cover. We used these data to test whether logging history and associated forest conditions were significant predictors of macroinvertebrate abundance and functional feeding group composition, and whether brook trout abundance was related to logging-associated variation in invertebrate communities. 3. Catchments with high PC1 scores (recently logged, high-density stands with low mean tree diameter) and low PC2 scores (low canopy cover) had significantly higher total macroinvertebrate abundance, particularly with respect to chironomid larvae (low PC2 scores) and invertebrates in the grazer functional feeding group (high PC1 scores). In contrast, proportional representation of macroinvertebrates in the shredder functional feeding group increased with time since logging and canopy cover (high PC2 scores). Brook trout density and biomass was significantly greater in young, recently logged stands (high PC1 scores) and was positively related to overall macroinvertebrate abundance. In addition, three variables – trout density, invertebrate abundance and shredder abundance – successfully discriminated between streams that were less-impacted versus more-impacted by forestry. 4. These results indicate that timber harvest in northern New England headwater streams may shift shredder-dominated macroinvertebrate communities supporting low trout abundance to a grazer/chironomid-dominated macroinvertebrate community supporting higher trout abundance. However, while local effects on brook trout abundance may be positive, these benefits may be outweighed by negative effects of brook trout on co-occurring species, as well as impairment of habitat quality downstream. Research testing the generality of these patterns will improve understanding of how aquatic ecosystems respond to anthropogenic and natural trajectories of forest change.
Phylogenetic Relationships in the Salicornioideae / Suaedoideae / Salsoloideae s.l. (Chenopodiaceae) Clade and a Clarification of the Phylogenetic Position of Bienertia and Alexandra Using Multiple DNA Sequence Datasets

Abstract The Chenopodiaceae includes taxa with both C3 and C4 photosynthesis with diverse kinds of Kranz anatomy and single-celled C4 species without Kranz anatomy; thus, it is of key importance for understanding evolution of C4 photosynthesis. All of the C4 genera except Atriplex, which belongs to Chenopodioideae, are in the Salicornioideae / Suaedoideae / Salsoloideae s.l. (including Camphorosmeae and Sclerolaeneae) clade. Our study focused on the relationships of the main lineages within this clade with an emphasis on the placement of the single cell functioning C4 genus Bienertia using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear ribosomal ITS and five chloroplast DNA regions (atpB-rbcL, matK, psbB-psbH, rbcL, and trnL-trnF). Further we provide a detailed phylogeny of Alexandra and Suaeda based on ITS, atpB-rbcL, and psbB-psbH. Our molecular data provide strong statistical support for the monophyly of: (1) a Salicornioideae / Suaedoideae / Salsoloideae s.l. clade; (2) a Salicornioideae / Suaedoideae clade; (3) the subfamilies Salicornioideae, Suaedoideae (including Bienertia) and Salsoloideae s.l. ; (4) the tribes Suaedeae, Salsoleae, and Camphorosmeae; (5) the Salicornieae if Halopeplideae is included; and (6) Suaeda if Alexandra is included. Alexandra lehmannii is therefore reclassified as Suaeda lehmannii and a new section of Suaeda is created, section Alexandra. There are four independent origins of C4 photosynthesis within the Suaedoideae including two parallel origins of Kranz C4 anatomy (in Suaeda sections Salsina s.l. and Schoberia) and two independent origins of C4 systems without Kranz anatomy (in Bienertia and in Suaeda section Borszczowia).
EVOLUTIONARY‐DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGE IN THE GROWTH ARCHITECTURE OF FOSSIL RHIZOMORPHIC LYCOPSIDS: SCENARIOS CONSTRUCTED ON CLADISTIC FOUNDATIONS

The Rhizomorphales, the most derived portion of the lycopsid (clubmoss) Glade, is now represented only by the diminutive genus Isoetes. However, during their Late Palaeozoic acme the rhizomorphic lycopsids exhibited a wide range of architectures and body sizes, from recumbent pseudoherbs to trees 40 m high. All possessed the rhizomorphic syndrome: a centralized rootstock and secondary thickening, reflecting an inescapable developmental constraint of bipolar determinate growth. These features in turn allowed acquisition of the tree habit by the lycopsids, independently of the physiologically and ontogenetically distinct lignophyte Glade that includes the seed‐plants. Differences among lycopsid genera in the number and size of four major growth modules – rhizomorph, stem, lateral branches (two positionally distinct submodules), and isotomous crown branches – resulted from differences in the relative size, number and equality of dichotomies of the apical meristems.
Nutrient Composition of Meat and Uptake of Carotenoids by Artic Char (Savelinus alpinus)

Diets containing 75ppm carotenoids were fed over a 15-week period to Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). Carotenoid content in flesh and skin was increased form 1.35 and 10.73 ug/g wet tissue to 5.56 and 41.21 ug/g, respectively. Subsequent feeding over a 7-week period on diets devoid of astaxanthin resulted in a decrease of 66.01 and 55.55% in carotehoid concentrations, Storage of the fillets for up to 12 days at 4°C air or at -20°C under vacuumpackaging conditions for 0 days had little effect on carotenoid retention with only 1.93-8.47% decrease. Crude protein content before feeding carotenoid-containing diets was 19.21% and this increase to 20.25 -21.05% after 15 weeks. The corresponding PER value of before and after feeding was 3.18-3.20 and essential amino acid index of samples varied between 126.45 and 128.77. The caloric values of the unpigmented and pigment4ed fillets were not significantly different. Eicosapentaenoic and docsahexaenoic acids were presented at 6.63-7.43% and 10.78-14.64% in fish fed.
Nuclear Translocation of Cell Adhesion Kinase β/Proline-rich Tyrosine Kinase 2

Cell adhesion kinase β (CAKβ/PYK2) is a protein-tyrosine kinase of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) family. Whereas FAK predominantly localizes at focal adhesions, CAK β localizes at the perinuclear region in fibroblasts. Here we expressed in cultured cells two point mutants of CAKβ, P717A and P859A, each of which had lost one of its two PXXP motifs, the ligand sequence for SH3 domains, found at the CAKβ C-terminal region. We observed a remarkable change in the subcellular distribution of the P859A mutant; while that of the P717A mutant was the same as the wild type. The P859A mutant localized exclusively in the cell nucleus in all cell lines examined. Wild-type CAKβ also accumulated in the nucleus when cells were treated with an inhibitor of the nuclear export of proteins. These results indicate that CAK β shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. On nuclear accumulation of P859A-CAKβ, a CAKβ-binding protein, Hic-5, also accumulated in the nucleus. P859A-CAKβ and co-expressed Hic-5 formed nuclear speckles, in which one other CAK β-binding protein, p130Cas, was also concentrated. These findings on nuclear translocation of CAK β imply that CAKβ may regulate nuclear processes such as transcription, particularly because Hic-5 was recently shown to be a coactivator of nuclear receptors.
Mathematical ecology of plant species competition : a class of deterministic models for binary mixtures of plant genotypes

Preface Part I. Introduction Part II. Mathematical formulation of the models Part III. Analysis of Model G: Introduction Part IV. Analysis of Model G: no interior equilibrium Part V. Analysis of Model G: one interior equilibrium Part VI. Analysis of Model 2 Part VII. Application of the models Part VIII. A single strain model with cropping and tillage Bibliography Indexes.
Modeling long‐distance dispersal of plant diaspores by wind

We developed PAPPUS, a trajectory model for wind dispersal of plant diaspores under field conditions. The model considers the effects of topography, turbulence (including thermal updrafts), and different weather conditions on the dispersibility of diaspores by wind. In the model, the plant species are characterized by the initial release height and the falling velocity of their diaspores. The common problems in modeling turbulence, which limit the applicability of existing models in predicting long-distance dispersal, are avoided by measuring the high-frequency fluctuations of the wind vector and using these data to simulate the course of the wind vector in the model. Using PAPPUS, we simulated dispersal distance spectra and compared them with those observed during field experiments executed in open habitats. Within a broad range of landscapes and under different weather conditions, the results of the model represent the observed spectra reasonably well. Additionally, we compared the observed dispersal di.
STEM DISCOLORATION OF PLANTED SILVER BIRCH

The spread of discoloration in planted silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) stems was investigated in 137 stands in Finland and the role of microbes was investigated in 71 stands. The colour changes noted in the pith of planted silver birches (18–65 years old) were very common but restricted and did not show unacceptable quality or reduction in veneer yield over 30 years. The horizontal spread of discoloration was generally less than 4 cm. The mean vertical spread of pith discoloration in planted silver birch trees was 3.2 m to 5.3 m in 30‐year‐old and younger stems, respectively. Dead and broken branches seem to be the main reason for harmful stem discoloration. The most common microbial community found in discoloured xylem includes primary invaders such as the non‐decaying fungi, Phialophora fastigiata, Phialemonium‐spp. and yeast‐like fungi and Enterobacter‐ and Pseudomonas‐type bacteria.
Efficacy of pea flour as an antifeedant against two stored-food mites (Acari: Acaridae) fed on dried medicinal Chinese herbs

Pea flour (Pisum sativum L.) is toxic to some stored-product pests. Botanical pesticides that contained efficient natural compounds have highlighted to be used for the control of storage mites. In the current investigation, we evaluated the effect of pea flour as an antifeedant on two stored-product mites, namely Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank, 1781) and Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Troupeau, 1878) fed on two medicinal Chinese herbs: Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major and Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen. The experiment was carried out from March to May 2012 under the optimal growth conditions of storage mites at constant temperature (25°C) and 85 ± 5% relative humidity (RH) in the dark. Pea flour was used at five concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10%). The values of LC50, LC90 and mortality of T. putrescentiae and A. ovatus were recorded at four periods (7, 14, 21 and 28 days), while their population dynamics were determined only after 21 days. The use of pea flour as an antifeedant was very efficient for the control of T. putrescentiae and A. ovatus adults. The controlling efficiency of pea flour improved due to the increase of its applied dose. The LC50 and LC90 estimates showed that pea flour was more toxic for T. putrescentiae than for A. ovatus. The concentration of 1% pea flour was responsible for more than 65% and 88% mortality of A. ovatus on C. pinnatifida and C. lachryma-jobi after 28 days, respectively. However, this concentration was sufficient to kill all individuals (100% mortality) of T. putrescentiae as the concentration of 10% pea flour. The addition of pea flour caused considerable decreases in the rate of the increase (r-value) of T. putrescentiae and A. ovatus. The highest r-values of T. putrescentiae and A. ovatus were recorded on the control treatment (0% pea flour), whereas the lowest values were observed at 1% and 10% concentrations of pea flour. The 1% concentration of pea flour is highly suggested to be used as a good and economical dose to control both of T. putrescentiae and A. ovatus on the studied Chinese herbs.
Specific amplification of mt-COI gene of the invasive gastropod Maoricolpus roseus in planktonic samples reveals a free-living larval life-history stage

The New Zealand screwshell Maoricolpus roseus was unintentionally introduced to south-eastern Tasmania in the 1920s. It has colonised more habitat than any other high-impact benthic marine pest in Australia and its wide temperature and depth tolerance makes further spread likely. We developed three sets of genetic probes, each targeting a unique region in the mitochondrial COI locus, for the rapid detection of this species in mixed plankton samples. In particular, we wanted to know whether this species has a planktonic life-history stage that could lead to its dispersal in ships’ ballast water. All probe sets were tested against as many closely related species as could be obtained and the reaction conditions were optimised for maximum sensitivity and specificity of M. roseus. Plankton samples collected in the Derwent Estuary between August 2003 and June 2004 were tested with the probes using a nested polymerase chain reaction. Maoricolpus roseus was detected in the plankton samples especially in the spring–summer period. The presence of M. roseus in the plankton and water available for ships’ ballast indicates that the risk of this species being spread by shipping needs to be managed.
Distribution and impact of Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on onion.

Population abundance, dispersion characteristics, and impact on yields of onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, on onions were evaluated over a 2-year period (1983–1985) in the lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas. Adults and nymphs were present from February to harvest (April and May) with peak abundance in early April. Dispersion indexes indicated that populations became overdispersed as density increased above one thrips per plant. A significant negative linear relationship was found between seasonal mean abundance of thrips and onion yield.
Predicting Optimal and Unique Egg Sizes in Free-Spawning Marine Invertebrates

Free-spawning marine invertebrates release eggs into the environment, where they are fertilized, evelop, and grow without further parental investment. This trait provides a unique opportunity o investigate offspring provisioning and the evolutionary pressures on gamete evolution without he added complications of parental care. The optimal egg size, which maximizes parental fitness, has previously been thought to be a function of postzygotic nfluences on the survivorship and reproductive potential of offspring (e.g., Smith and Fretwell 1974). In an earlier article (Levitan 1993), I developed the hypothesis that prezygotic factorsfertilization success-can also influence selection on egg size; larger eggs are fertilized at a higher rate than are smaller eggs, which alters the relationship between offspring size and offspring fitness. The influence of fertilization egg size evolution will be most apparent in situations when other selective agents are held constant or at least have reduced variance. The larvae of three congeneric sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus spp.) develop in the same planktonic environment, and size at metamorphosis after this phase is similar in all three (Emlet et al. 1987; Sinervo and McEdward 1988), which suggests that selection for the fivefold variation in egg size among these closely related species probably operates before the offspring enter the larval phase. Podolsky and Strathmann (1996; hereafter abbreviated P&S) address several issues raised in my original article (Levitan 1993) and provide an analysis of the trade-off between fertilization a d fecundity. We agree on some issues and disagree on others. For the most part, our differences lie in points of perspective and emphasis rather than contradiction. One issue that requires substantial attention is the appropriate strategy for analyzing selection on egg size. Podolsky and Strathmann use an approach first developed by Vance (1973a) and choose parameter values that predict extremes in egg size. This prediction has a long history in marine larval ecology (Vance 1973a, 1973b; Christiansen and Fenchel 1979; Roughgarden 1989; Havenhand 1995), but it contradicts the empirical observation that nonextreme egg sizes are ubiquitous among marine invertebrate species (Emlet et al. 1987; Kohn and Perron 1994). Strathmann (1985) notes that many taxa have intermediate egg sizes and mixed developmental modes, and he offers a number of mechanisms that might produce intermediate optima but concludes that "no model has been offered to explore this possibility in detail" (pp. 346-347). This fundamental conflict between theory and data needs to be addressed. In response to P&S's comments and the need to address the conflict between
Primary moult patterns and morphometrics in the Green-winged Pytilia Pytilia melba

We investigated primary moult and morphometrics in the Green-winged Pytilia Pytilia melba during a six-month period (May–October) in central South Africa. A total of 157 pytilias were captured; 80 (51.0%) of these were in active primary moult during all months of the study. The Underhill-Zucchini model was not applicable for determining moult duration (start and end dates) due to the great variation in moult timing and because moulting may often be suspended. We suggest that this is due to factors other than low food availability.
Sapotaceae biogeography supports New Caledonia being an old Darwinian island

Panbiogeographers suggest that the biome in New Caledonia is of vicariant origin, dating from the Cretaceous – rather than being the result of repeated dispersal since c. 37 Ma, when the area is postulated to have re‐emerged after c. 15 million years of submergence. Distributions of the plant family Sapotaceae were used as a model system to test this, and to elucidate the probabilities of ancestral areas, all phrased in six hypotheses.
Recalling Telos

My connection to the journal began in 1969 at a Socialist Scholars' Conference held at Hofstra University on Long Island. Some Telos readers will recall that, long before the SSC's recent reincarnation under the auspices of the Democratic Socialist Alliance, it had a predecessor that had been launched in the mid- 1960s by some of the editors of Studies on the Left, along with John Cammett, Ann Lane, Helmut Gruber and others. It convened once a year for the next four or five years and then faded. The 1965 gathering at the Statler Hilton Hotel on 42nd Street in Manhattan featured a plenary session that was to have been highlighted by an exchange between Isaac Deutscher and Herbert Marcuse.
Flowering and seasonal changes in flower sex ratio and frequency of flower visitors in a population of Saxifraga hirculus

The open, dish-shaped flowers of Saxifraga hirculus reflected ultraviolet and yellow light, contained very small amounts of nectar, and contained an average of about 75300 pollen grains per flower. Almost 11% of the pollen was inviable. Stigmatic pollen loads and seed set decreased during the course of the season. The plant appeared to be fully between-ramet compatible and partially within-ramet compatible. Seed set for the population was 30.3%. The protandrous flower opened during the day and had male and female phases of nine and three days, respectively. The protandrous system reduced the number of pollination days by a third. At least 26 species of insects, 16 of which were syrphids, visited the flowers. Based on the number of flower visits, four species were the dominant visitors of S. hirculus: Eurimyia lineata and Neoascia tenur (Diptera: Syrphidae); Asindulum nigrum (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), and Zygaena trlfolii (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae). Eurimyia lineata was the most frequent visitor (51% of all visits). As the season advanced, the visits by E. lineata decreased, whereas the visits by A. nigrum increased. Z. trifolli disappeared completely towards the end of the season. Only two thirds of the pollination days were “good” foraging days for these visitor species. The four major visitor species spent an average of 11.7, 27.4, 30.7 and 22.6 s per flower, respectively. Estimates suggest that about 6.5 visits (which is equal to 2.6 min of flower-visiting) and 2100 grains of pollen were required to produce one seed.
Anthomyzidae (Diptera: Acalyptrata) from Japan and adjacent areas

Anthomyzidae from Japan are revised and keyed, and additional information on anthomyzid fauna of adjacent areas is provided. Nine species in four genera are recognized: five of the species, Amygdalops nigrinotum, Anthomyza drachma, An. flavosterna, An. trifurca and Ischnomyia triarmigera, are described as new to science, and the other four, An. bellatrix Roháček, An. elbergi Andersson, An. macra Czerny and Stiphrosoma fissum Roháček, are newly recorded from Japan. The genus Ischnomyia Loew is new to the Old World, and the female Anthomyza bellatrix is described for the first time.