Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social media marketing platforms use and effectiveness of marketing communication in the Tanzania’s telecommunication industry: evidence from Vodacom Company

This paper shares the findings of a study that examined the role of social media marketing platforms in fostering the effectiveness of marketing communication in Tanzania’s telecommunication industry. Specifically, it ascertains the extent to which people’s awareness, attitude and skills facilitate the social media marketing platforms influence on the effectiveness of marketing communication. The study was conducted in the Tanzania’s largest city of Dar es Salaam using Vodacom Company as a case study. Self-administered questionnaires were administered with 390 respondents and they yielded a response rate of 93.6% as 365 respondents returned the filled-out research tools. The resultant quantitative data were subjected to multiple regression analysis. The study established that, all the three independent variables had a positive influence but only two—the users’ attitude and skills—were strong predictors of effectiveness of marketing communication with a coefficient of less than 1%. These findings imply that, the organisation’s management and policy efforts have to capitalise on enhanced people’s skills and attitude towards social media platforms, as failure to do so might lead to organisational failure in realising the desired outcome from marketing efforts and hence, invite irrecoverable monetary cost. The research findings will be useful for both academics and managers who are interested in understanding and further committing to better use of the social media to enhance marketing communication practices .
Functional Low-Fat Frozen Yoghurt with Carrot (Dascus carota L.) Puree

: The effect of addition carrot puree solids (CPS) at ratio of 1, 2 and 3% as a milk fat replacer on the characteristics of frozen yoghurt was studied. Physical, rheological, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant scavenging activity, total viable lactic acid bacteria (LAB), sensory properties and cost production of frozen yoghurt were investigated. The CPS is considered as sources for dietary fiber and natural antioxidant scavenging activity substances in low fat frozen yoghurt. Carrot frozen yoghurt contains antioxidant scavenging activity (4.52 mg TE 100 g -1 ), total carotene (69.76 mg 100 g -1 ), crude fibers (0.82 mg 100 g -1 ), vitamin C (16.66 mg 100 g -1 ), and total phenol contents (10.41 mg GAE 100 g -1 ). Carrot puree contained high levels of many phenolic acid compounds such as of ρ-hydroxybenzoic, vanalic, catechin and ρ-coumaric acid. Low fat frozen yoghurt containing CPS exhibited significantly higher specific gravity, weight per gallon, melting resistance, apparent viscosity, total phenol contents and antioxidant scavenging activity in parallel with the increase of the added CPS. Addition of CPS significantly improved the over run (%) and decrease the viable of lactic acid bacteria of carrot frozen yoghurt. Whereas, addition of 3% CPS increased significantly the total acceptability scores with higher antioxidant scavenging activity, total phenol content and decreased the cost production by 22.51%.
Analysis of Variation of Poisson's Ratio with Depth of Soil

SYNOPSIS Through field tests on clay, soft soil, sand soil, and cl93 loam etc, we find: l) Propa~ating velocity of elastic wave of homogeneous soil is not a constant, but a function of depth. 2) Poisson's ratio is not a constant either. It increases with the increase of depth. 3)The ratio of a lateral compressive stress to vertical compressive stress acted upon an element at dif ferent depth is not a constant either. With the increase of depth, the lateral compressive stress tends to be equal to the vertical compressive stress step by step. Test results of four types of soil are covered in this paper and an analysis is made theoretically as regards to these phenomena. Through tests and analysis, the author is of an opinion that the viewpoint of Poisson's ratio decreasing with the increase of depth by D.D. Barkan is worthwhile be ing discussed.
Cytotoxicity and apoptotic mechanisms of different solvent Cytotoxicity and apoptotic mechanisms of different solvent extracts from Ipomoea pes-caprae on human nasopharyngeal extracts from Ipomoea pes-caprae on human nasopharyngeal cells cells

Background: Ipomoea pes-caprae serves as a valuable medicinal plant with pharmacological activities including antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and anticancer activities. Although some scientific literatures have demonstrated its anticancer activities, the exact mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Objectives: To study the cytotoxicity and apoptotic mechanisms of different solvent extracts from Ipomoea pes-caprae on human nasopharyngeal (KB) cells. Methods: The dried plant was macerated in hexane (Hex) or ethanol: water (EtOH). The supercritical fluid extraction process used carbon dioxide (SCO 2 ) as the extracting solvent. Cytotoxic activity was determined by MTT assay. The apoptotic mechanism and its effect on mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, nuclear staining with DAPI, JC-1 mitochondria staining and caspase-3 activity analysis. Results: EtOH extraction did not exhibit a cytotoxic effect on peripheral blood mononuclear or KB cells. The IC 50 values of Hex, SCO 2 extract and doxorubicin were found to be 200  12.3, 70  4.2 and 2.0  0.08  g/mL, respectively. Morphological changes including cell shrinkage, DNA fragmentation and condensation of chromosomes were observed. Further, Hex, SCO 2 extract induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and induction of caspase-3 activity. Conclusions: The results strongly supported the ability of these extracts to induce the KB cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial and caspase-3 pathway. The presence of various bioactive compounds in the Ipomoea pes-caprae may be a valid strategy for chemoprevention and chemosensitization
HARDNESS REMOVAL OF GROUNDWATER THROUGH SAND, ZEOLITE AND RICE HUSK ACTIVATED CARBON

Recently the treatment for hard water was by using a technique that will give an impact on the environment and consumer. Sand, zeolite and rice husk-activated carbon can be used as a media for water hardness treatment by adsorption process. Performance of sand, zeolite and rice husk activated carbon (RHAC) for removal of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in hard water was investigated by employing a batch experimental set-up. The study considered X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy analysis for the evaluation of the chemical composition of the media and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the surface functional group. Experimental adsorption data were modelled by Langmuir, Freundlich and BET. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model with high coefficients of correlation R 2 (0.9888) for Ca 2+ and R 2 (0.9662) for Mg 2+ . The R L value in this study was less than one for both Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ , indicating that the absorption of the metal ion onto all the media is favourable. The pseudo-second-order fitted well in correlation to the experiment results. The results indicate that sand, zeolite, and RHAC have chemisorption mechanisms and can be alternative media for hard water treatment using the adsorption process. Furthermore, there will be an advantage in terms of economic and environment-friendly media.
ONLINE MARKETING COMMUNICATION AS A KEY TOOL TO CAPTURE THE ATTENTION OF GENERATION Z

: Research background: Currently, online marketing communication represents a modern marketing approach, which is an important means of gaining a competitive advantage. Its field is versatile, suitable for any type of business and for achieving a wide range of goals. Trends in this area are subject to rapid changes and, in addition to the need for knowledge, require continuous optimization of marketing campaigns depending on current customer requirements. Among all consumers generations, it is Generation Z that represents one of the target segments for online marketing communication and that mostly via social media. Purpose of the article: Based on the above mentioned, the main aim of the paper is to analyse the use of online marketing communication in Slovak conditions, and its perception by Generation Z. This includes providing the theoretical background and analysis of the online marketing communication from the viewpoint of Slovak and foreign authors. The important source for secondary data was scientific research, annual companies report, statistical databases, published professional publications. Methods: In order to found out the perception of the online marketing communication from the perspective of Generation Z, a questionnaire survey was conducted. For determination the sample size, the base file representing number of populations from Generation Z was obtained from demographic statistics of the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. General scientific methods (i.e., excerption, description, comparative analysis, deduction and induction) were used for data processing, as well as mathematical and statistical methods in the evaluation of data from the survey. Findings & Value added: In order to achieve the main goal of the paper, based on the theoretical background and survey results, research hypotheses were formulated and subsequently verified. Finally, based on the analysis and results of the questionnaire survey, benefits of the application of online marketing communication as a key tool to capture the attention of Generation Z were highlighted.
Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep Foundation

Objectives: Lack of sleep is a common problem in children and adolescents of school age (students), and it is a health aspect that affects the ability to assimilate into the school’s education and thereby falls within the school nurses promoting work. This study aimed to describe school nurses’ experiences of sleep-promoting work. Method: Data were collected by n = 61 school nurses’ written narratives of their sleep-promotion work. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The results describe school nurses’ experiences of sleep-promoting work in three main categories: (1) Informing and providing knowledge is the primary task . School nurses do it systematically, through dialogs with an individual student, with several students simultaneously, or with parents. (2) Benefits take place when the needs of the student guide the work . Through curiosity about the personal story, the keys to sleep-promoting work can be found, appropriate strategies can be given, and the student can be guided further if needed. (3) Barriers challenge the outcome of the work . The school nurses experience these barriers in the form of unmotivated students, unsupportive parents, and lack of prerequisites, which make the school nurses unsure of their performance. Conclusions: School nurses experience a significant benefit in their sleep-promoting work when the needs of the student guide the sleep-promoting information, strategies, and follow-ups. To avoid feeling insecure in sleep-promoting work, school nurses need updates on the state of knowledge and evidence-based tools. Further research on sleep-promoting work at school is necessary. © 2024 The
Number Sense Levels of In-Service Primary School Teachers in Chikankata District, Zambia

This study sought to assess number sense comprehension levels of In-service Primary School Teachers (IPST). This was a mixed method study where quantitative data was collected through a number sense assessment questionnaire. Out of 82 questionnaires, 69 were successfully completed and returned representing a return rate of 84%. Qualitative data was provided by six purposively selected teachers who were interviewed using questions based on number sense. The data from the questionnaire was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to come up with tables and charts. One way ANOVA was used to determine if a significant difference in performance according to teaching experience period existed. In order to identify the strategies, each response from the interviewees whether correct or wrong was coded as either number sensible or rule based. The theory of problem solving proficiency guided the study. The overall results showed the number sense levels for IPST was with most of them scoring below the basic level when tested on number sense and no significant difference was observed on performance. Further, very few number sense based strategies were utilised but IPST were confident in answering questions that involved application of a rule. This study showed to what extent IPSTs possessed the knowledge and skills that they were supposed to use for proficient teaching of numeracy. Based on the findings of this study, teacher preparatory institutions at primary school level should consider training teachers in ways that involve developing their number sense and that of learners.
A Fully Decentralized Surrogate for Multi-Agent Policy Optimization

The study of fully decentralized learning or independent learning in cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning has a history of decades. Recent empirical studies have shown that independent PPO (IPPO) can achieve good performance, comparable to or even better than the methods of centralized training with decentralized execution, in several benchmarks. However, a decentralized actor-critic algorithm with a convergence guarantee is still an open problem. In this paper, we propose decentralized policy optimization (DPO), a decentralized actor-critic algorithm with monotonic improvement and convergence guarantee. We derive a novel decentralized surrogate for policy optimization such that the monotonic improvement of joint policy can be guaranteed by each agent independently optimizing the surrogate. For practical implementation, this decentralized surrogate can be realized by two adaptive coefficients for policy optimization at each agent. Empirically, we evaluate DPO, IPPO, and independent Q-learning (IQL) in a variety of cooperative multi-agent tasks, covering discrete and continuous action spaces, as well as fully and partially observable environments. The results show DPO outperforms both IPPO and IQL in most tasks, which serves as evidence for our theoretical results. The code is available at https://github.com/PKU-RL/DPO .
Medication errors by caregivers in the homes of children discharged from a pediatric department in Ghana

Background: Medication errors (MEs) by caregivers at home are a cause of morbidity and mortality, shortly after discharge from the hospital. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the rate and types of MEs at the homes of children discharged from a hospital in Ghana and to explore the factors associated with these errors. Design: This was a cross-sectional study of infants and children discharged from the hospital to review medication administration practices. Methods: Caregivers of children discharged from the hospital after at least 24 hours of admission were interviewed at their homes about medication administration practices. The study assessed potential harm associated with MEs made by caregivers using the Harm Associated with Medication Error Classification tool. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression were used to identify the variables associated with MEs. Results: A total of 95 children (mean age: 28.6 months, 52.6% female) and their caregivers were included. Overall, 65 (68.4%) children experienced one or more MEs. Out of a total of 232 medications reviewed, 102 (44.0%) (95% CI: 37.6–50.4) were associated with a ME. The top two errors, wrong time errors and errors in the frequency of dosing were, 45.1% and 21.6%, respectively. Understanding the information on the disease condition being treated and the medicines dispensed was associated with committing fewer MEs. The number of medicines prescribed was associated with a higher likelihood of MEs. Out of 102 MEs, 48 (47.1%) were assessed as posing potentially no harm, 26 (25.5%) minor harm, 15 (14.7%) moderate harm, and 13 (12.8%) serious harm to the patients. Importantly, none of the MEs were assessed as posing potentially severe or life-threatening harm to the patients. Conclusion: MEs in children following discharge are high, and systems should be developed to prevent these errors.
Determination of Cu, Pb, and Zn Contents of Soils Formed on Different Parent Materials (Çanakkale, Türkiye)

This study was carried out to determine the heavy metal (Cu, Pb, and Zn) contents and their differences in soils formed on three different parent materials (basalt, clastic and carbonate rocks and granite) in the Ezine district of Çanakkale province. For this purpose, surface sampling was conducted in soils formed under natural conditions on different geological materials. Heavy metal contents of the soil samples were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry using the wet digestion Aqua regia method. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the elemental differences in soil samples. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to reveal the relationship between heavy metals and the physicochemical properties of soils taken from different parent materials. As a result of the evaluation, the mean Cu concentrations in the samples ranged from soils formed on basalt (40.8 ± 3.8 μg/g)> soils formed on clastic and carbonate rocks (24.8 ± 1.5 μg/g)> soils formed on granite (22.5 ± 2. 8 μg/g); mean Pb concentrations followed the order of soils formed on granite (37.50 ± 3.30 μg/g)> soils formed on clastic and carbonate rocks (35.67 ± 2.74 μg/g)> soils formed on basalt (21.6 ± 6.7 μg/g). The mean Zn concentrations of the soil samples were as follows: soils formed on basalt (80.9 ± 8.7 μg/g)> soils formed on clastic and carbonate rocks (44.1 ± 3.7 μg/g)> soils formed on granite (37.0 ± 9.4 μg/g). Pb concentrations of all soil samples were found to be higher than the average of the earth's crust.
Use of digital technologies

As we saw in Chapter 5, governments have to contend with an increasingly connected world in which they have long lost their once near-monopoly on information in the international realm. Digital technologies, and related societal change, present a serious challenge to diplomacy. However, they also offer opportunities, which we shall be exploring in this chapter.
9. Afro-Bolivian Spanish: The survival of a true creole prototype

This study analyzes data on a unique Afro-Hispanic dialect, spoken in remote areas of Bolivia by descendents of Africans who arrived in the 16 century. Afro-Bolivian speech, now confined to the oldest members of a few isolated communities, has preserved configurations that demonstrate the feasibility of early creolization of Spanish in independent locations. The present investigation concentrates on the Afro-Bolivian VP and DP: quasi-invariant verbs; incipient particle-based verbal system; null definite articles; lack of gender concord; stripped and invariant plurals. There exists a series of unidirectional implicational relationships that span the range from the basilect to the acrolect, and which provide a template for gradual decreolization based on relative markedness and ease of language processing.
Management of non-cirrhotic variceal bleeding in pregnant women with Budd-Chiari syndrome in the early second trimester: A case report

Budd–Chiari syndrome is one of the post-hepatic causes of portal hypertension and a potential obstruction causes liver fibrosis. In pregnancy, obstruction of hepatic veins could occur due to stenosis or thrombosis. Variceal bleeding is the most fatal complication in pregnancy with co-existing Budd–Chiari syndrome, with 29.4% incidence of abortion and 33.3% perinatal mortality. The aim of this case report was to present the management of non-cirrhotic variceal bleeding in pregnant women with Budd–Chiari syndrome in the early second trimester. We report a pregnant female at 13−14 weeks gestation presented to the hospital with profuse hematemesis. Doppler ultrasonography (USG) was utilized to confirm the diagnosis of Budd–Chiari syndrome-hepatic vein occlusion type in pregnancy. Abdominal USG revealed hepatomegaly with hepatic veins dilation, while endoscopy showed grade IV esophageal varices and grade IV gastric varices. Laboratory results indicated disseminated intravascular coagulation due to hemorrhage. The patient was given strict fluid resuscitation and three packed red cells transfusion to stabilize the hemodynamic. Bleeding was successfully managed by intravenous octreotide, tranexamic acid, and vitamin K. The case highlights that the management of non-cirrhotic variceal bleeding in pregnancy with Budd–Chiari syndrome requires a multidisciplinary approach and regular fetal monitoring to ensure optimal outcomes.
Variability of oceanic deep convective system vertical structures observed by CloudSat in Indo‐Pacific regions associated with the Madden‐Julian oscillation

Vertical structures of deep convective systems during the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) are investigated using CloudSat radar measurements in Indo‐Pacific oceanic areas. In active phases of the MJO, relatively more large systems and connected mesoscale convective systems (CMCSs) occur. The occurrence frequency of CMCSs peaks in the onset phase, a phase earlier than separated mesoscale convective systems (SMCSs). Compared with SMCSs, CMCSs of all sizes have weaker reflectivity above 8 km in their deep precipitating portions and thick anvil clouds closely linked to them, suggesting more “stratiform” physics associated with them. SMCSs and CMCSs together produce relatively the least anvil clouds in the onset phase, while their deep precipitating portions show stronger/weaker reflectivity above 8 km before/after the onset phase. Thus, after the onset phase of the MJO, mesoscale convective systems shift toward a more “convective” organization because SMCSs maximize after the onset, while their internal structures appear more stratiform because internally they have weaker reflectivity above 8 km. CMCSs coincide with a more humid middle troposphere spatially, even at the same locations a few days before they occur. Middle‐tropospheric moistening peaks in the onset phase. Moistening of the free troposphere around deep convective systems shows relatively stronger moistening/drying below 700 hPa before/after the onset phase than domain‐mean averages. Low‐topped clouds occur most frequently around CMCSs and in active phases, consistent with the presence of a moister free troposphere. Coexistence of these phenomena suggests that the role of middle troposphere moisture in the formation of CMCSs should be better understood.