Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Management of Insect Pests Through Insecticides and Mixture in Brinjal

An investigation was undertaken to evaluate six insecticides viz., deltamethrin/fipronil, bifenthrin, indoxacarb, carbosulfan, endosulfan and three mixtures viz., triazophos + deltamethrin, profenophos + cypermethrin and chlorpyriphos + cypermethrin against insect pests of brinjal var. Pusa Purple Round. Study revealed that bifenthrin @ 25g a.i./ha, fipronil @50g a.i./ha, indoxacarb @70g a.i./ha and endosulfan @ 700g a.i./ha and insecticide mixture, profenophos+cypermethrin@440 g a.i./ha were effective in managing the population of sucking pests viz., leafhopper and whitefly. As far as shoot and fruit borer is concerned, treatments with deltamethrin @15g/fipronil @50g a.i./ha or indoxacarb @ 70g a.i./ha gave minimum damages of brinjal fruits.
Influence of two different nanomaterials on Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from salted fish

DOI: 10.21608/svu.2022. 100311.1154 Received: October 10, 2021 Accepted: February 8, 2022 Published: March 8, 2022 *Corresponding Author: Nahed Mahmoud Abdel-Aziz E-mail: nahed.abdelaziz@vet.sohag. edu.eg Citation: Abdel-Aziz and Alhabaty, Influence of two different nanomaterials on Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from salted fish. SVU-IJVS 2022, 5(1): 17-23. Copyright: © Abdel-Aziz and Alhabaty. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative common attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original author and source are created. Competing interest: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists. Abstract
Sleep architecture in children with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

Background: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common chronic health conditions in youth. Sleep is a crucial determinant of psychological, emotional, and physical health. There are evidences suggest that Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus may be associated with sleep disorders. Objective: Our aim is to study sleep architecture in children with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1, by using polysomnography and correlating the findings to glycemic state. Methods: Forty children were included in this study, divided into two groups: twenty diabetic patients and twenty healthy volunteers. All children were subjected to thorough clinical assessment, and polysomnography. Diabetic children were also subjected to the random blood sugar and HbA1c. Result: the diabetic group showed statistically significant difference in the lighter sleep (N1 stage) (P value = 0.001) and respiratory parameters (average oxygen saturation and lowest oxygen saturation) (P values = 0.018) in comparison to the control group. However, no statistically significant difference was found on the deep sleep (N2, N3 & REM), Apnea Hypopnea index or snoring. Conclusion: Polysomnography can give valuable information helping to detect the effect of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus on increasing the lighter sleep (N1 stage) and decreasing oxygen saturation in children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Spreads Westwards in Europe and Overwinters in North-Eastern Spain (2017–2020)

West Nile virus lineage 2 (WNV-L2) emerged in Europe in 2004; since then, it has spread across the continent, causing outbreaks in humans and animals. During 2017 and 2020, WNV-L2 was detected and isolated from four northern goshawks in two provinces of Catalonia (north-eastern Spain). In order to characterise the first Spanish WNV-L2 isolates and elucidate the potential overwintering of the virus in this Mediterranean region, complete genome sequencing, phylogenetic analyses, and a study of phenotypic characterisation were performed. Our results showed that these Spanish isolates belonged to the central-southern WNV-L2 clade. In more detail, they were related to the Lombardy cluster that emerged in Italy in 2013 and has been able to spread westwards, causing outbreaks in France (2018) and Spain (2017 and 2020). Phenotypic characterisation performed in vitro showed that these isolates presented characteristics corresponding to strains of moderate to high virulence. All these findings evidence that these WNV-L2 strains have been able to circulate and overwinter in the region, and are pathogenic, at least in northern goshawks, which seem to be very susceptible to WNV infection and may be good indicators of WNV-L2 circulation. Due to the increasing number of human and animal cases in Europe in the last years, this zoonotic flavivirus should be kept under extensive surveillance, following a One-Health approach.
Molecular Detection of Age-Related Abundance and Diversity of Bifidobacterium spp. in Pastured Goats

Bifidobacterium spp. are among bacteria being developed as probiotics for farm animals. Understanding diversity of the normal gut inhabitants is a prerequisite to developing species-specific probiotics strains that are likely to establish in the host. For many farm animals including goats, the normal gut Bifidobacterium inhabitants have not been characterized including age based differences. The objective of this exploratory study was to gain preliminary understanding of abundance and diversity of Bifidobacterium species in goats of different ages. Molecular methods have given scientists fast methods for exploratory insights into previously uncharacterized microbiomes. Consequently, in this study we utilized molecular assays using genus and species specific primers to characterize Bifidobacterium in pastured goats. Although Bifidobacterium were detected in all ages, younger animals had higher counts than older goats. In goats below six months of age, B. angulatum, B. dentium, B. gallicum, B. animalis sub animalis, B. longum and B. catenulatum were detected. In goats six months and older, B. dentium and B. gallicum were predominant. In some goats however, the specific strains could not be identified with the currently available primers indicating there are goat specific unique strains that are yet to be characterized. Further research to characterize and isolate Bifidobacterium in goats are needed for future probiotic applications. In conclusion, Bifidobacterium spp. were common in all age groups of pastured goats but more abundant in pre-weaned goats compared to goats over six months. In addition age related differences in the diversity of Bifidobacterium spp. in goats were reported.
EFFECT OF COPPER ON NITROGEN COMPOUNDS, NITRATE- REDUCTASE ACTIVITY AND ASCORBATE IN CHLOROCOCCCUM HUMICOLA CELLS

Chlorococcum humicola (Nag) Rab. isolated from soil polluted with waste water at Sohag district was used as test organism in this investigation. The alga was grown in BG-11 medium containing different Cu 2+ concentrations (0.0, 0.5, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 μM Cu SO4) and the lethal dose was 300 μM Cu SO4. The low concentration (0.5 μM) of Cu 2+ caused an increase in growth {cell numbers, dry mass } and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids). On increasing the Cu 2+
Inflammation of the Pleural Cavity: A Review on Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Implications in Tumor Pathophysiology

Simple Summary The pleura is a cavity whose pathology ranges from simple fluid accumulation to tumor development, all inducing important consequences in patents health, and usually having an important association with local inflammation. Understanding the pathophysiology of pleural inflammation helps the development of the correct treatment strategies and opens new windows in pleural research. Thus, the aim of this review is to present the etiologies and the pathophysiological mechanisms of pleural inflammation with a special interest in their role on tumor development and diagnosis. Abstract Pleural effusions are a common respiratory condition with many etiologies. Nonmalignant etiologies explain most pleural effusions and despite being nonmalignant, they can be associated with poor survival; thus, it is important to understand their pathophysiology. Furthermore, diagnosing a benign pleural pathology always harbors the uncertainty of a false-negative diagnosis for physicians and pathologists, especially for the group of non-specific pleuritis. This review aims to present the role of the inflammation in the development of benign pleural effusions, with a special interest in their pathophysiology and their association with malignancy.
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL CHROMIUM ON PERFORMANCE, BLOOD CONSTITUENTS AND DIGESTIVE ENZYMES ACTIVITY OF BROILER CHICKS

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding different graded levels of chromium chloride (Crcl3) on performance, blood constituents and digestive enzymes activity of broiler chicks. Two hundred and seventy day-old Hubbard broiler chicks were allocated randomly to 6 experimental treatments, 45 chicks each. All birds were fed on corn soybean basal diet supplemented with 6 graded levels of chromium chloride as 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125mg/kg diet. The results indicated that, average body weighs were improved significantly by adding 25 and 50 mg Crcl3 /kg diet. There were a non significant improve in feed conversion ratio (g feed / g gain). Feed consumption values were not affected by enriched Crcl3 into diets. Mortality rates were dramatically reduced. Blood contents of total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose were decreased as a result of Crcl3 addition. Blood concentration of total proteins was increased significantly due to adding Crcl3 by 75, 100 and 125 mg/kg diet, while blood albumin was significantly affected only at levels of 100 and 125 mg Crcl3. Blood globulin was significantly higher than control at levels of 50, 75 and 100mg Crcl3. Besides, a reduction in albumin/globulin ratio at same levels was recorded. So chromium supplementation may enhance immune function of chicks Blood concentrations of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) were significantly higher in treated groups than the controls. Alkaline phosphatase enzyme reduced significantly whiles the level of GOT and GPT enzyme was not affected. Amylase enzyme values were significantly elevated in stomach and duodenum, while in jejunum this effect was not clear. Lipase enzyme activity was significantly higher in duodenum and jejunum in birds treated with 75, 100 and 125mg chromium /kg diet. Trypsine and Chemotrypsin values in duodenum and jejunum were not affected. It can be concluded that, chromium supplementation into broiler diets may enhance growth performance traits, interfere with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and could improve the immune system responses and positively affect pancreatic enzymes activity.
Bio-C (Modified Hyaluronic Acid-Coated-Collagen Tube) Implants Enable Functional Recovery after Complete Spinal Cord Injury

Neural repair within the central nervous system (CNS) has been extremely challenging due to limited abilities of adult CNS neurons to regenerate, particularly in a highly inflammatory injury environment that is also filled with myelin debris. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious medical condition that often leads to paralysis and currently has no effective treatment. Here we report the construction of a novel biocompatible and biodegradable material, Bio-C, through coating of acid-desalted-collagen (ADC) tube with pre-modified hyaluronic acid, which, after implantation, can elicit quite robust neural regeneration and functional recovery after complete spinal-cord transection with a 2 mm–spinal-cord-segment removal in mice. We combined morphological, electrophysiological, and objective transcriptomic analyses, in addition to behavioral analyses, to demonstrate neural tissue regeneration and functional recovery through the establishment of Bio-C-induced anti-inflammatory, neurogenic, and neurotrophic microenvironment. Through this study, we unveiled the underlying logic for CNS neural repair.
Validation of an Algorithm for the Prediction of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetic Patients in a Spanish Population

Aim The aim of the present study was to build a clinical decision support system (CDSS) that can predict the presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) patients. Material and Method We built two versions of our CDSS to predict the presence of any-type DR and sight-threatening DR (STDR) in T1DM patients. The first version was trained using 324 T1DM and 826 T2DM patients. The second was trained with only the 324 T1DM patients. Results The first version achieved an accuracy (ACC) = 0.795, specificity (SP) = 83%, and sensitivity (S) = 65.7% to predict the presence of any-DR, and an ACC = 0.918, SP = 87.1% and S = 87.8% for STDR. The second model achieved ACC = 0.799, SP = 87.5% and S = 86.3% when predicting any-DR and ACC = 0.937, SP = 90.9% and S = 83.0% for STDR. Conclusion The two models better predict STDR than any-DR in T1DM patients. We will need a larger sample to strengthen our results.
Dynamics Changes of Microorganisms Community and Fermentation Quality in Soybean Meal Prepared with Lactic Acid Bacteria and Artemisia argyi through Fermentation and Aerobic Exposure Processes

This study evaluated the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum ZA3, Artemisia argyi and their combination, on the fermentation characteristics, microbial community, mycotoxins and crude flavonoids content of fermented soybean meal during fermentation (under anaerobic conditions) and aerobic exposure (under aerobic conditions). The results showed that ZA3, Artemisia argyi and ZA3+ Artemisia argyi groups had lower pH values and higher lactic acid concentrations compared with controls, and additives increased the abundance of Lactiplantibacillus and decreased those of Acetobacter and Enterobacter; in particular, Artemisia argyi and ZA3+ Artemisia argyi reduced the abundance of fungi, such as Aspergillus, Pichia, Fusarium, Cladosporium and Xeromyces. Meanwhile, the contents of mycotoxins were lower in treated groups, and even mycotoxins in the control were significantly reduced after 30 d (p < 0.05). Crude flavonoids that were correlated positively with Lactococcus and negatively with Bacillus, Aspergillus, Enterobacter and Kazachstania were significantly higher in the Artemisia argyi and ZA3+ Artemisia argyi groups (p < 0.05).
Optimistic study on the layout of aeration facilities under mild gradient

Based on the 1∶60 scale model of Xiaowan tunnel spillway, physical model text is carried out for the optimum design of aeration facilities, the new concept of "equivalent height of ramp" is brought forward and the layout of concave aeration ramp is suggested for aerator under mild gradient. Optimistic study has been done contrastively and evaluation is given for 5 types aeration ramp, such as linear, concave, convex, trapezoidal, and"U" shape. The model test results such as air concentration, characteristics of air flow in cavity, and aeration discharge demonstrate that aeration ramp both in concave and linear form are more effective than the other types. From the view of physical mechanism, the prolonged air-water mixing interface caused by concave aeration ramp can increase the aeration capacity, meanwhile the more developed air cavity zone in side wall is helpful to prevent the side wall from cavitation damage.
Effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibition with etanercept on renal functions in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats: insights into the possible mechanisms

Many studies suggest the dominant role of the inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the prognosis of hypertension and end stage renal disease (ESRD). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of TNF-α inhibition on renal functions in Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induced hypertensive rats and the potential underlying mechanisms. Four groups of rats were used in the study for 3 weeks period; normal control group, TNFα inhibitor (etanercept) group, L-NAME-induced hypertensive group and L-NAME + etanercept group. L-NAME group showed elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma urea, creatinine, plasma renin activity, angiotensin II, kidney tissue nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, TNFα and malondialdehyde (MDA) together with decreased creatinine clearance rate and renal antioxidants. Treatment with etanercept affords antihypertensive effect and ameliorates L-NAME induced renal impairment by improving renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and NADPH oxidase as well as by attenuating oxidative stress.
Determination of Satellite-Derived PM2.5 for Kampala District, Uganda

Ground monitoring stations are widely used to monitor particulate matter (PM2.5). However, they are expensive to maintain and provide information localized to the stations, and hence are limited for large-scale use. Analysis of in situ PM2.5 shows that it varies spatially and temporally with distinct seasonal differences. This study, therefore, explored the use of satellite images (Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8) for determining the spatial and temporal variations in PM2.5 for Kampala District in Uganda. Firstly, satellite-derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) was computed using the Code for High Resolution Satellite mapping of optical Thickness and aNgstrom Exponent algorithm (CHRISTINE code). The derived AOD was then characterised with reference to meteorological factors and then correlated with in situ PM2.5 to determine satellite-derived PM2.5 using geographically weighted regression. In the results, correlating in situ PM2.5 and AOD revealed that the relationship is highly variable over time and thus needs to be modelled for each satellite’s overpass time, rather than having a generic model fitting, say, a season. The satellite-derived PM2.5 showed good model performance with coefficient of correlation (R2) values from 0.69 to 0.89. Furthermore, Sentinel-2 data produced better predictions, signifying that increasing the spatial resolution can improve satellite-derived PM2.5 estimations.
Effect of precipitation change on the photosynthetic performance of Phragmites australis under elevated temperature conditions

Background As a fundamental metabolism, leaf photosynthesis not only provides necessary energy for plant survival and growth but also plays an important role in global carbon fixation. However, photosynthesis is highly susceptible to environmental stresses and can be significantly influenced by future climate change. Methods In this study, we examined the photosynthetic responses of Phragmites australis (P. australis) to three precipitation treatments (control, decreased 30%, and increased 30%) under two thermal regimes (ambient temperature and +4 °C) in environment-controlled chambers. Results Our results showed that the net CO2 assimilation rate (Pn), maximal rate of Rubisco (Vcmax), maximal rate of ribulose-bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration (Jmax) and chlorophyll (Chl) content were enhanced under increased precipitation condition, but were declined drastically under the condition of water deficit. The increased precipitation had no significant effect on malondialdehyde (MDA) content (p > 0.05), but water deficit drastically enhanced the MDA content by 10.1%. Meanwhile, a high temperature inhibited the positive effects of increased precipitation, aggravated the adverse effects of drought. The combination of high temperature and water deficit had more detrimental effect on P. australis than a single factor. Moreover, non-stomatal limitation caused by precipitation change played a major role in determining carbon assimilation rate. Under ambient temperature, Chl content had close relationship with Pn (R2 = 0.86, p < 0.01). Under high temperature, Pn was ralated to MDA content (R2 = 0.81, p < 0.01). High temperature disrupted the balance between Vcmax and Jmax (the ratio of Jmax to Vcmax decreased from 1.88 to 1.12) which resulted in a negative effect on the photosynthesis of P. australis. Furthermore, by the analysis of Chl fluorescence, we found that the xanthophyll cycle-mediated thermal dissipation played a major role in PSII photoprotection, resulting in no significant change on actual PSII quantum yield (ΦPSII) under both changing precipitation and high temperature conditions. Conclusions Our results highlight the significant role of precipitation change in regulating the photosynthetic performance of P. australis under elevated temperature conditions, which may exacerbate the drought-induced primary productivity reduction of P. australis under future climate scenarios.
EVALUATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ALTERNARIA SPECIES ISOLATED FROM SOIL IN ASSIUT GOVERNORATE, EGYPT, IN ADDITION TO DICHOTOMOUS KEY TO THE ENCOUNTERED SPECIES

Mycobiota of 25 soil samples, collected from Botanical garden of Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, were monitored on acidified weak potato dextrose agar (AWPDA), dichloran chloramphenicol peptone agar (DCPA), dichloran glycerol agar (DG-18) and potato carrot agar with manganese (PCA-Mn) media at 25 oC. One hundred and twenty-two species belong to 47 genera were obtained. Aspergillus was the most predominant genus on all media and A. niger was superior on AWPDA, DG18 and PCA-Mn. Fusarium was the runner up, followed by Alternaria, Curvularia, Talaromyces, Penicillium and Stachybotrys. Fifteen isolates of six species of Alternaria were subjected to some physiological and biochemical tests. The statistically analyzed results showed that, all isolates could significantly grow on ammonium tartarate, ammonium oxalate and glycine, while 14, 13 and 11 isolates wer able to grow on citric acid, lactic acid and sodium nitrite, respectively. Alternaria tenuissima and A. angustiovoidea were highly base producers from ammonium tartarate, while, the maximum base production on glycine was observed by A. angustiovoidea and A. arborescens. All isolates enabled to grow on creatine-sucrose and A. arborescens produced the strongest color, whereas the remaining isolates were negative (11 isolates) to moderate (3). On the other hand, A. chlamydospora and A. angustiovoidea showed maximum growth on mannitol and tannin-sucrose, respectively. Besides, the growth on 15 % NaCl-Cz was distinctive for 60 % and 50 % of A. alternata and A. angustiovoidea isolates, respectively.
Effect of Financial Attitudes, Financial Knowledge, Locus of Control, and Financial Self-Efficacy to Financial Management Behavior in Millennial Generation

This research aims to review the influence of financial attitude, financial knowledge, mission control, and financial self-efficacy in the millennial generations in Mojolangu. Included in this study as many as 100 respondents purposive sampling method. Sampling technical data to the analysis in this study using multiple linear regression. Based on test results obtained, financial knowledge of financial attitude, locus of control, and financial self-efficacy in partially significant and positive behavior on financial management. The Independent variable most dominant in contributing to the behavior of financial management is the attitude of financial variables.