Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Late Palaeozoic Paoliida is the sister group of Dictyoptera (Insecta: Neoptera)

Paoliida is an insect group of highly controversial composition and equally controversial affinities. Based on comprehensive reinvestigations we propose a new delimitation of the insect order Paoliida sensu nov. associating the families Paoliidae and Blattinopsidae on the basis of the following main wing venation characters: veins CuA convex and CuP concave separating from a rather long basal stem Cu; a short, more or less distinct, but generally convex arculus brace (crossvein) between M and CuA (more distinct in forewing than in hind wing), and a broad area containing veinlets, between CuP and CuA, with a general course of CuA making a double curve (autapomorphy); CuP straight or sigmoidal. The Paoliida is considered as a neopteran clade and potential sister group of the Dictyoptera on the basis of the presence of well-defined anterior branches of CuA, with the same convexity as the median vein and more concave than the posterior branches of the same vein (synapomorphy). The polarities of the other characters shared by these clades are discussed. New diagnoses of the order Paoliida and the family Paoliidae are provided after re-examination of the type material. We attribute Herbstiala herbsti to Paoliidae and consider Herbstialidae as a junior synonym of this family. The grylloblattid family Ideliidae is considered as a junior synonym of Paoliidae, transferring genera Stenaropodites, Aenigmidelia, Archidelia, Sojanidelia, Micaidelia, Acropermula and Mongoloidelia to this family. Kochopteron hoffmannorum and Protoblattina bouvieri are newly included in Paoliidae. Protoblattinopsis stubblefieldi is reinterpreted as a hind wing having highly specialized cubito-anal structures functionally analogous to the anal loop structure of the hind wing of the Mesozoic Isophlebioidea (Odonatoptera). We attribute Protoblattinopsis to Paoliida and consider Protoblattinidae as a junior synonym of Paoliidae. Furthermore, a new Paoliidae, Silesiapteron jarmilae gen. et sp. nov. is described from Upper Carboniferous sphaerosiderite concretion of Poland. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:296A17BD-2A84-4C1F-B19E-737DDFE7E17C
CHAPTER 14. TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSIFICATION: PREDICTION AND MECHANISMS

Presentations related to tropical cyclones at the World Weather Open Science Conference (WWOSC-2014), Montreal, Canada, 16-21 August 2014 focused on the problems of tropical cyclone intensity prediction, including the prediction of tropical cyclone formation. Observational studies presented revealed the importance of the spatial distribution of convection more than its intensity in determining genesis and intensification. Both environmental and convective-scale perspectives on the importance of vertical shear, surface entropy flux and convection organization revealed the complexity of intensity change process and why probabilistic intensity prediction is essential. Finally, the forefront of intraseasonal (and longer) prediction of tropical cyclone was shown to contain windows of opportunity, but advancement is still impeded by model error.
Activity-logging for self-coaching of knowledge workers

With an increased societal focus on a sustainable economy and a healthy population, well-being of knowledge workers has become an important topic. This paper investigates techniques to support a knowledge worker to manage his well-being. A possible solution is to monitor the workers’ behaviour and use this information for giving feedback as soon as his well-being is threatened. Knowledge workers use a broad range of communication means to achieve their goals, like a computer and mobile phone. Our research aims at using features like mouse clicks, active applications or key presses, because these are rather simple features to obtain instead of more invasive tools like a heart-rate monitor. This paper presents the first results of our research. First, logging of low-level features is developed. Based on these features the behaviour of different users is investigated. At first sight, this behaviour seems to be rather chaotic, but by taking into account different tasks, more structure is observed within the data. This paper shows that different behaviour is observed for different users and different tasks, while the same characteristics are observed when a user is performing the same task. This suggests that also anomalous behaviour might be recognized, which is an important result for developing self-coaching tools.
Housekeeping gene selection for quantitative real‐time PCR assays in the seagrass Zostera marina subjected to heat stress

In light of increasing sea surface temperatures, quantifying the expression of stress‐inducible genes in coastal organisms is an important topic of marine molecular ecology and evolution. As a prerequisite for quantitative realtime PCR (QPCR) assays, we tested the suitability of 12 candidate housekeeping genes (HKGs) for normalization of messenger RNA abundance and quality in the ecologically important seagrass species Zostera marina. In comparing several algorithms used to identify appropriate HKGs, two approaches using reciprocal cross‐validation among a larger group of HKG candidates implemented in geNorm or NormFinder yielded largely consistent results. Using these approaches, 3 HKG candidates were selected that are stable alone or in combination in the target tissue (leaf) with respect to the imposed temperature stress treatments (TATA box binding protein, translation elongation factor, eukaryotic initiation factor 4A). Example calculations revealed spurious gene expression changes of a factor of 2 in hypothetical target genes when using less stable HKGs as reference for standardization. These results highlight the need for devoting considerable effort to selecting appropriate HKGs for normalization of QPCR data before performing experiments with the target genes.
Heuristics in systematics

Bock, W. 2000. Heuristics in systematics. Ostrich 71 (1 & 2): 41–44. Avian systematics is not only part of the science of ornithology, but serves heuristically as a foundation for many other analyses in ornithology. Systematics can be divided roughly into two major areas, namely species-level analyses and supraspecific classification. Of greatest significance is the distinction between provisional classifications and standard sequences, the latter are based on widely accepted classifications and have major useful functions such as the arrangement of taxa in handbooks, check-lists, and museum collections. The species concept is part of evolutionary theory, not systematics, and applies to contemporaneous groups of individual organisms. Clear distinctions separate the species concept, the species category, the species taxon, and the phyletic lineage—all usually designated as the “species”. The frequent practice of recognising all distinctive allopatric forms as separate species taxa results in two discrete classes of species taxa which largely destroys their usefulness for other biological analyses, including conservation efforts.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF COLOUR FASTNESS PROPERTIES OF GOAT LEATHER DYED WITH ROSA DAMASCENA AND PAPAVER RHOEAS FLOWERS

Colour fastness of naturally dyed substrates is very important from industrial point of view. Therefore, the present study was carried out to extract environment friendly natural dyes from Papaver rhoeas and R. damascena flowers using aqueous method. The aim of the present study was to study the colour fastness properties of R. damascena and P. rhoeas dye. The colour fastness properties viz. rubbing, mild washing and daylight were evaluated and compared with and without mordants. On the basis of results, twenty two exclusive shades were procured with and without mordants. Results of the study demonstrated very good to excellent response was obtained in rubbing and mild washing with R. damascena dye. Moreover, good to very good results in rubbing and mild washing were recorded with P. rhoeas dye whereas colour fastness to daylight rendered moderate results. From the comparative analysis of results, it was concluded that R. damascena dye gave better results as compared to the P. rhoeas dye in colour fastness properties of dyed leather specimens.
Effect of the availability of economic resources on cognitive functions and social preferences

The objective of this research was to analyze experimentally the effect of the availability of economic resources on cognitive functions and social preferences in university students. A study with inter-subject experimental design was conducted. 60 university students participated. The performance of participants exposed to conditions of high and low economic resources was compared in tasks of cognitive performance (fluid intelligence and inhibitory control) and social preferences (Ultimatum Game, with offers of different degrees of justice). In general, the results showed that there were no significant differences between the participants of the conditions of low and high economic resources in cognitive functions and social preferences. In contrast, there were differences according to sex in the cognitive domain. The results are discussed in light of previous research and the main limitations are recognized.
Lydella thompsoni Herting (Dipt., Tachinidae), a parasitoid of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. (Lep., Pyralidae) in Slovakia, Czech Republic and south‐western Poland

This paper shows that, within Central Europe, parasitism of the European corn borer (ECB) by the tachinid parasitoid, Lydella thompsoni (LT) increased from 0.47 to 1.49% in south‐western Poland (51°03′N), to 4.31–21.95% in eastern Slovakia (48°20′N). The synchrony between the parasitoid LT and its primary host, the ECB, was studied in Central Europe under conditions where the host is univoltine, but the parasitoid is bivoltine. A cumulated total of more than 400 LT was field‐collected from overwintering ECB larvae. The parasitoid hibernated as larva inside the host. Pupation started in the second half of the following March and 50% of pupation was surpassed in the first half of April. The first parasitoid adults emerged at the end of April and the majority at the beginning of May. Development threshold temperatures for 50% pupation was determined to be 2.7°C, and for 50% adult emergence 5.0°C; the respective thermal constants were 178.8–179.8 and 237.7–251.8 Celsius degree‐days. Emerged adults did not parasitize overwintered ECB larvae in spring, hence there must be an alternate host for the first generation of LT in areas of univoltine life cycle of the ECB. Parasitization of the ECB larvae by LT continued until the end of July. The first parasitoid adults from this second generation emerged in the second half of August. By the end of the season, nearly one‐third of LT adults had emerged. The rest of this generation apparently overwintered in the larval stage.
Enhanced anther culture efficiency of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) through modification of the culture media

The production of microspore-derived green plants from anther culture of indica rice is generally very low compared with japonica cultivars. A modified anther culture medium, consisting of a higher KNO3 content (31 mm) and casein hydrolysate (CH, 500 mg/1) but without ammonium salts, was tested in comparison with a medium consisting of the widely-used N6 medium nitrogen background, using four indica × indica F1 hybrids as test materials. Green plant regeneration frequency was at least three-fold higher in the microspore-calli derived from the former medium than in those derived from the modified N6 medium. More than 700 microspore-derived plants were raised in the field. Another study was carried out using indica × japonica and indica × javanica F1 hybrids. The results indicated that a medium with higher (3.5 mm) ammonium sulphate may induce a higher frequency of anthers with microspore-calli but not necessarily lead to a larger number of green-plant regenerating calli. Subsequently, using the indica cv. ‘IR-43’ as the test material, use of a lower level (1.75 mm) of (NH4)2SO4, in addition to KNO3 (31 mm), was found to be better than CH (500 mg/l) for anther-response as well as green plant regenerability of the derived microspore-calli. Nitrate-nitrogen or ammonium-nitrogen alone elicited poor response. Twenty-five media involving combinations of KNO3 (20–34 mm) and (NH4)2SO4 (1–3 mm) were tested for their effects on anther response. Combinations involving KNO3 (31–34 mM) and (NH4)2SO4 (2.0–2.5 mm) were found superior not only for achieving greater anther response but also, for subsequent green-plant regeneration. This contrasts with the 28 mm of KNO3 and 3.5 mm of (NH4)2SO4 in the widely-used N6 medium developed for japonica rice. Other than potassium nitrate and ammonium sulphate, and potassium phosphate to some extent, the levels of other inorganic salts tested did not make any significant difference to the process of anther response. Based on these results, modified media with three levels of ammonium sulphate were tested for anther culture efficiency of indica × japonica and indica × javanica derivatives (F3s). Microspore-calli derived from a medium of a lower (1.75 mm) level of (NH4)2SO4 showed a higher regeneration potential overall than those derived from a higher (3.5 mm) level. A revised medium has been suggested, on the basis of these results, for the realization of improved anther culture efficiency and, consequently, improved feasibility of using doubled haploids in genetic and breeding research with indica rice.
Aspergillus niger can Improve Nutritional Composition of Wheat Bran under Solid State Fermentation to Make a Protein Source for Poultry Diets

The effects of two different Aspergillus niger strains on nutritional composition of wheat bran are investigated in this study. Wheat bran was fermented with two different A. niger strains (ATCC 200345 and ATCC 52172). Crude protein and ash content increased (P<0.001) while nitrogenfree extract, crude fiber, hemicellulose, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber decreased (P<0.01) by both strains. Ether extract was not changed (P>0.05) by ATCC 52172 but decreased (P<0.05) by ATCC 200345. It can be said that A. niger can be used to improve nutritional composition of wheat bran to make a protein source for poultry diets.
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 antibodies seroprevalence among blood donors at national public health blood bank, Khartoum- Sudan 2019

The human T-cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV 1/2) are well known causes of adult T cell leukemia lymphoma. Both viruses were established to be transmitted through various mode including sexual contact and blood transfusion. This study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 antibodies among blood donors in Public Health Laboratory. During the period of August 2019 to October 2019 a total of 394 blood samples were obtained from blood donors visiting the Blood bank of National Public Health Laboratory, both males and females were included. The blood samples were analyzed for the presence of anti - HTLV-1,2 by a commercially available enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay following the instructions of the manufacturer. The study participants were included 361 (91.6%) males and 33 (8.4%) females. The result show that of the 394 blood donors, four (4) were found to be seropositive for HTLV-1 antibodies giving a prevalence of 1.02%. While all samples were negative for the HTLV-2 antibodies. Among HTLV-1 positive cases 3 were male (75%) while only one female (25%) was found to be seropositive for HTLV-1 antibodies. None of the married donors was found to be seropositive for HTLV-1. We conclude that the seroprevalence of HTLV 1/2 were matched to the internationally estimated prevalence among blood donors at Blood Bank of national health laboratory and the majority of the cases were male under 40 years old. Further studies should be done with inclusion of more samples and using more sensitive technique like Western blot or PCR.
Non‐linear quickflow response as indicators of runoff generation mechanisms

Linking quickflow response to subsurface state can improve our understanding of runoff processes that drive emergent catchment behaviour. We investigated the formation of non‐linear quickflows in three forested headwater catchments and also explored unsaturated and saturated storage dynamics, and likely runoff generation mechanisms that contributed to threshold formation. Our analyses focused on two reference watersheds at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (CHL) in western North Carolina, USA, and one reference watershed at the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory (SHW) in Central Pennsylvania, USA, with available hourly soil moisture, groundwater, streamflow, and precipitation time series over several years. Our study objectives were to characterise (a) non‐linear runoff response as a function of storm characteristics and antecedent conditions, (b) the critical levels of shallow unsaturated and saturated storage that lead to hourly flow response, and (c) runoff mechanisms contributing to rapidly increasing quickflow using measurements of soil moisture and groundwater. We found that maximum hourly rainfall did not significantly contribute to quickflow production in our sites, in contrast to prior studies, due to highly conductive forest soils. Soil moisture and groundwater dynamics measured in hydrologically representative areas of the hillslope showed that variable subsurface states could contribute to non‐linear runoff behaviour. Quickflow generation in watersheds at CHL were dominated by both saturated and unsaturated pathways, but the relative contributions of each pathway varied between catchments. In contrast, quickflow was almost entirely related to groundwater fluctuations at SHW. We showed that co‐located measurements of soil moisture and groundwater supplement threshold analyses providing stronger prediction and understanding of quickflow generation and indicate dominant runoff processes.
Draft Genome Sequences of Ralstonia solanacearum Isolated from Banana and Tomato in the Philippines

1Functional Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines 2Philippine Genome Center, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines 3Microbiology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB), College, Laguna 4031 Philippines Ma. Anita M. Bautista1,2*, Jo-Hannah S. Llames1, Emilia Andrea V. Sabban1, and Lucille C. Villegas3
Winter dominance of Ceratiumhirundinella in a southernnorth-temperate reservoir

The 1-year seasonal distribution of Ceratium hirundinella was studied in a southern Spanish reservoir. This species grew from June 1988 to April 1989 and showed the highest density in winter, coinciding with the lowest water temperature values and with the period of water circulation. These seasonal dynamics do not accord with the typical description of C. hirundinella in temperate systems as a phytoplankton species of stratified and warm waters. We compared the factors that influenced C. hirundinella development in this system with those operating at different latitudes and concluded that the light and temperature conditions would allow C. hirundinella to grow throughout the year in this reservoir. However, the occurrence of this potential growth is probably regulated by ecological factors, such as the presence of hypolimnetic anoxic conditions and the hydraulic regime of the reservoir.
Momentum and Flights from Stocks

This paper establishes a strong link between the profitability of the momentum strategy and market instability, as gauged by flight-to-quality episodes. Momentum gains are shown to be roughly ten times larger during flight episodes. Further, flights are significantly associated with larger momentum profits even after controlling for indicators of asset performance, volatility, illiquidity, market state, and monetary policy. This paper’s results also show that illiquidity shocks appear to diversely affect different types of flights, as predicted in Vayanos (2004). Finally, monetary policy announcements, past and contemporaneous, are shown to decrease the incidence of
Why Mountain Passes are Higher in the Tropics

patry of related populations would therefore tend to increase density of species in a region as a whole. It will be suggested below that this is a factor in the increase of species densities in regions of high topographic relief. I do not, however, know of any evidence that it is more general or more effective in the tropics. " I believe that the climatic regimes discussed below, and the reactions of organisms to them, indicate that topographic barriers may be more effective in the tropics. Mountain barriers and their temperature gradients in Central America, as contrasted to those in North America, are used as examples; but it is believed that the central idea equally applies to other tropical areas, types of barriers, and physical parameters. There are three thoughts central to the argument to be developed: (1) in respect to temperature, it is the temperature gradient across a mountain range which determines its effectiveness as a barrier, rather than the absolute height; (2) in Central America, terrestrial temperature regimes are generally more uniform than North American ones, and differ in their patterns of overlap across geographic barriers; and (3) it can be assumed that animals and plants are evolutionarily adapted to, and/or have the ability to acclimate to, the temperatures normally encountered in their temporal and geographic habitat (or microhabitat). MOUNTAIN TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS
Une méthode de reconnaissance des expressions du visage basée sur la perception

Les humains peuvent reconnaitre tres facilement les expressions du visage en temps reel. Toutefois, la reconnaissance fiable et rapide des expressions faciales en temps reel est une tâche difficile pour un ordinateur. Nous presentons une nouvelle approche de reconnaissance de trois type d'expressions faciales qui se base sur l'idee de ne considerer que de petites regions du visage bien definies pour en extraire les caracteristiques. Cette proposition est basee sur une etude psycho-visuel experimental menee avec un eye-tracker. Les mouvements des yeux de quinze sujets ont ete enregistres dans des conditions de visualisation libre d'une collection de 54 videos montrant six expressions faciales universelles. Les resultats de cette etude montrent que pour certaines expressions du visage une unique region est perceptuellement plus attractive que les autres. Les autres expressions montrent une attractivite pour deux ou trois regions du visage. Cette connaissance est utilisee pour definir une methode de reconnaissance se concentrant uniquement sur certaines regions perceptuellement attrayantes du visage et ainsi reduire par un facteur de deux les temps de calcul. Nos resultats montrent une precision de reconnaissance automatique de trois expressions de 99.5% sur la base de donnees d'expression faciale Cohn-Kanade.