Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Governance and the capital flight trap in Africa

Abstract The study examines the use of governance tools to fight capital flight by reducing the capital flight trap. Two overarching policy syndromes are addressed in the study. It first assesses whether governance is an effective deterrent to the capital flight trap in Africa, before examining what thresholds of government quality are required to fight the capital flight trap in the continent. The following findings are established. Evidence of a capital flight trap is apparent because past values of capital flight have a positive effect on future values of capital flight. The net effects from interactions of the capital flight trap with political stability, regulation quality, economic governance and corruption-control on capital flight are positive. The critical masses at which ‘voice and accountability’ and regulation quality can complement the capital flight trap to reduce capital flight are respectively, 0.120 and 0.680, which correspond to the best performing countries. Policy implications are discussed.
Parameter recovery vs. parameter prediction for the Weibull distribution validated for Scots pine stands in Finland

The moment-based parameter recovery method (PRM) has not been applied in Finland since the 1930s, even after a continuation of forest stand structure modelling in the 1980s. This paper presents a general overview of PRM and some useful applications. Applied PRM provided compatibility for the included stand characteristics of stem number (N) and basal area (G) with either mean (D), basal area-weighted mean (DG), median (DM) or basal area-median (DGM) diameter at breast height (dbh). A two-parameter Weibull function was used to describe the dbh-frequency distribution of Scots pine stands in Finland. In the validation, PRM was compared with existing parameter prediction models (PPMs). In addition, existing models for stand characteristics were used for the prediction of unknown characteristics. Validation consisted of examining the performance of the predicted distributions with respect to variation in stand density and accuracy of the localised distributions, as well as accuracy in terms of bias and the RMSE in stand characteristics in the independent test data set. The validation data consisted of 467 randomly selected stands from the National Forest Inventory based plots. PRM demonstrated excellent accuracy if G and N were both known. At its best, PRM provided accuracy that was superior to any existing model in Finland – especially in young stands (mean height < 9 m), where the RMSE in total and pulp wood volumes, 3.6 and 5.7%, respectively, was reduced by one-half of the values obtained using the best performing existing PPM (8.7–11.3%). The unweighted Weibull distribution solved by PRM was found to be competitive with weighted existing PPMs for advanced stands. Therefore, using PRM, the need for a basal area weighted distribution proved unnecessary, contrary to common belief. Models for G and N were shown to be unreliable and need to be improved to obtain more reliable distributions using PRM.
Frenemies

This book addresses policy-guiding puzzles such as: Why do international ideological enemies sometimes overcome their differences and ally against shared threats? Why, just as often, do such alliances fail? Alliances among ideological enemies confronting a common foe, or “frenemy” alliances, are unlike coalitions among ideologically similar states facing comparable threats. Members of frenemy alliances are perpetually torn by two powerful opposing forces. The book shows that shared material threats push these states together while ideological differences pull them apart. Each of these competing forces has dominated the other at critical times. This difference has resulted in stable alliances among ideological enemies in some cases but the delay, dissolution, or failure of these alliances in others. The book examines how states' susceptibility to major domestic ideological changes and the nature of the ideological differences among countries provide the key to alliance formation or failure. This sophisticated framework is applied to a diverse range of critical historical and contemporary cases, from the failure of British and French leaders to ally with the Soviet Union against Nazi Germany in the 1930s to the likely evolution of the United States' alliance system against a rising China in the early 21st century. The book's author develops a groundbreaking argument that explains the origins and durability of alliances among ideological enemies and offers policy-guiding perspectives on a subject at the core of international relations.
Cosmopolitan nationalism in the cases of South Korea, Israel and the U.S

Abstract In this essay we develop the concept of ‘cosmopolitan nationalism’, offering a working definition and suggesting ways sociologists of education might draw on it in their future work. We show how it is a useful analytical lens through which to examine contemporary policies and practices that navigate global processes (ranking systems, mobility of people, expectations for futures) but also take account of nationalistic tendencies, as well as local and national attempts to challenge persistent inequalities within education systems. By using policy examples from three countries (South Korea, Israel and the US), we illuminate how cosmopolitan nationalism is evident across various initiatives in these countries, and the varied implications this has for education systems in terms of equality, access and quality.
Summary of Cytological Information on Emilia and the Taxonomy of Four Pacific Taxa of Emilia (Asteraceae: Senecioneae)

The central Pacific area has four taxa of Emilia: E. coccinea, E. fos- bergii, E. sonchifolia var. sonchifolia, and E. sonchifolia var. javanica. The first three are widespread in the neotropics and intermediates do not occur. In the central Pacific intermediates are found where E. fosbergii and E. sonchifolia var. javanica are sym- patric and, presumably, hybridize. A confusing complex exists in the western Pacific and eastern Asia, apparently because E. sonchifolia var. javanica hybridizes with at least one native species, such as E. prenanthoidea. The paper includes a discussion of morphological characteristics, keys and synonymy of the four taxa, and a survey of the literature on cytology and breeding systems in Emilia.
Putting educational gerontology principles to the test: a quantitative confirmation of the empowering benefits of liberal arts courses

ABSTRACT The humanist and critical principles of educational gerontology attribute different goals to education in later life. Self-Actualization is the goal of humanist educational gerontology, while empowerment, emancipation, and social change are the goals of critical educational gerontology. Liberal arts education is dominant in later-life learning. Both the humanist and the critical philosophies of learning in older age claim that this type of education is not empowering. Empowerment is a contested concept that has been defined through a set of constructs ranging from psychological capacities to attitudes and behaviors. In terms of capital, empowerment translates into gains in identity and social capital, operationalized in the variables agency and social and civic participation, respectively. The present study investigated the empowering potential of liberal arts courses using the BeLL survey data of 7,338 adult learners. Through a series of ANOVAs and a regression model, we found that age, gender, educational attainment, the number of courses, and changes in agency are significantly associated with changes in social and civic participation. We concluded that liberal arts education does empower adult learners, especially older adults, women, and individuals with lower educational attainment. Given that goal-related claims in the principles of educational gerontology have been empirically challenged, we recommend a new statement of principles that takes into account the latest developments in the field, as well as learners’ agential capacities and the structural inequalities they face.
Effect of Meloidogyne incognita on root biochemistry and functioning of nodules in green gram

Meloidogyne incognita beside being pathogenic to green gram, was found to interfere with the functioning of nodules and normal root biochemistry. Higher concentration of amino acids (except L-tryptophan) and total sugar were observed in nematode, rhizobium and both rhizobium and nematode inoculated roots. The chlorophyll content of leaves reduced only in nematode inoculated plants. Leghaemoglobin and nitrogenase activities were also reduced in nematode infected nodules.
ÁRBOLES FORRAJEROS DE TRES REGIONES GANADERAS DE CHIAPAS, MÉXICO: USOS Y CARACTERÍSTICAS NUTRICIONALES Fodder trees from three livestock regions of Chiapas, Mexico: use and nutritional characteristics

The study aimed to identify trees with forage potential in three regions of Chiapas, Mexico, as well as their uses, chemical composition and characteristics of ruminal decomposition. A questionnaire was applied to livestock farmers in the Costa, Frontera and Norte regions of Chiapas. The results were processed using frequencies and percen- tages. The study led to the identification of 103 species recognised as fodder trees for livestock, however, 17 species were most mentioned as forage, particularly those of the family Fabaceae. Through a grazing simulation, samples of the most mentioned species were obtained to determine the chemical composition and ruminal decomposition characteris- tics using the nylon bag technique. The results obtained for the chemical composition and ruminal degradability were analysed with an analysis of variance for a completely randomised design, considering the tree species as treatments and three repetitions per treatment. The species studied presented a variety of uses, apart from forage, including live hedges, wood, timber and medicine. The criteria considered by the livestock farmers to choose a species were related to the fact that animals browse on specific plants and to the foliar biomass production. Most species presented acceptable nutritional contents and an adequate decomposition, rendering their use in livestock production promissory. The most promissory species were Guazuma ulmifolia, Parmetiera edulis, Cordia dentata, Pithecellobium dulce, Acacia milleriana,
The role of seed size in seedling establishment in dry soil conditions - Experimental evidence from semi-arid species

The hypothesis that large seed size provides an advantage for seedlings establishing in low soil moisture was tested under both field and glasshouse conditions, using a range of sympatric species of different seed sizes and growth forms from the semiarid woodland flora of western New South Wales. The hypothesis predicted that the relative advantage of large seeds should be greater under dry-soil than better-watered conditions. In the field, seedlings from large seeds had higher percentage emergence and survival than small seeded seedlings, but there was no evidence of a relatively greater advantage under drier soil conditions. Daytime temperatures were very high during the field experiment and even the most favourable watering treatment showed quite low rates of emergence and survival (.)
The origin and evolution of neotropical primates

A significant event in the early evolution of Primates is the origin and radiation of anthropoids, with records in North Africa and Asia. The New World Primates, Infraorder Platyrrhini, have probably originated among these earliest anthropoids morphologically and temporally previous to the catarrhine/platyrrhine branching. The platyrrhine fossil record comes from distant regions in the Neotropics. The oldest are from the late Oligocene of Bolivia, with difficult taxonomic attribution. The two richest fossiliferous sites are located in the middle Miocene of La Venta, Colombia, and to the south in early to middle Miocene sites from the Argentine Patagonia and Chile. The absolute ages of these sedimentary deposits are ranging from 12 to 20 Ma, the oldest in Patagonia and Chile. These northern and southern regions have a remarkable taxonomic diversity and several extinct taxa certainly represent living clades. In addition, in younger sediments ranging from late Miocene through Pleistocene, three genera have been described for the Greater Antilles, two genera in eastern Brazil, and at least three forms for Río Acre. In general, the fossil record of South American primates sheds light on the old radiations of the Pitheciinae, Cebinae, and Atelinae. However, several taxa are still controversial.
Where do Brazilian dental students seek information about COVID-19?

Objective: We investigated where Brazilian dental students seek information about COVID-19 by a self-administered web-based questionnaire. Methods: A social network campaign on Instagram was raised to approach the target population. The dental students responded to a multiple-response question asking where they get information about COVID-19. The possible answers were government official websites or health and education institutions websites, TV Programs, professors, social media, scientific articles, other health professionals, and family members. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and frequency distributions of responses were evaluated by gender, age, type of institution, and year of enrollment. Results: A total of 833 valid responses were received. The main source of information used by the dental students were government official websites or health and education institutions websites (88.7%), other health professionals (57.3%), and scientific articles (56.2%). The use of social media was reported by 54.1% of the students, while TV programs were information sources used by 39.9% of the students. The least used information sources were professors (38.1%) and family members (7.8%). Conclusions: The respondents seem to be acquainted to seek information in reliable sources and also use social media as a gateway to keep updated about the pandemics. Therefore, knowing where the dental students seek information about COVID-19 might facilitate dental school directors to approach such public continuously, providing them with trustable information on different platforms.
Heterosis in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Six parents and their all possible crosses (excluding reciprocals) of desi chickpea were grown at experimental farm of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (Rajasthan). This experiment was conducted in random block design with three replication and estimate heterosis for 11 yield and yield related traits. The experimental result for heterosis revealed that out of 15 hybrids, seven hybrids recorded significant positive heterosis for yield per plant, five and eleven hybrids recorded significant positive heterobeltiosis and economic heterosis for yield per plant, respectively. The cross KWR-l08 X DCP-92-3 showed the highest magnitude of heterosis and heterbeltiosis for yield per plant, biological yield and 100 grain weight. The cross IPC-94-19 X IPC-94-94 showed highest significant positive economic heterosis for yield perplant, biological yield and pod per plant.
Seasonal dynamics of alfalfa foliar pathogens in Iowa

The frequency of occurrence of 11 foliar pathogens of alfalfa was monitored at four locations in Iowa over a 2-yr period. At each location, disease severity and percent defoliation were assessed weekly beginning in early May and continuing until late September or early October. For each sampling period and for all four locations, 100 lesions or blotches were incubated in moisture chambers (12 hr of light per day) for 48 hr at 23 C to facilitate pathogen sporulation and identification. Percentage of the total lesions or blotches caused by each pathogen was plotted vs. time to identify seasonal patterns. Correlation analyses were performed between the percentages of lesions or blotches caused by each pathogen sampled and the date of sampling (day of year)
Li2CaGeO4 – Wide Band Gap Semiconductor: First Principles Investigation of the Structural, Electronic, Optical and Elastic Properties

The electronic structure and some of its derived properties of Li2CaGeO4 compound have been investigated. The calculations have been performed using the fullpotential linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbitals method and ultra-soft pseudo-potentials . The optimized lattice parameters are found to be ingood accord with experiment. Features such as bulk modulus and its pressure derivative, electronic band structure and density of states are reported. The elastic anisotropy of the crystal is discussed and visualized. Moreover, the optical properties reveal that Li2CaGeO4 compound are suitable candidates for optoelectronic devices in the visible and ultraviolet (UV) regions.
End-to-End Learning for Phase Retrieval

We consider the end-to-end deep learning approach for phase retrieval, a central problem in scientiﬁc imaging. We highlight a fundamental difﬁculty for learning that previous work has neglected, likely due to the biased datasets they use for training and evaluation. We propose a simple yet different formulation for PR that seems to overcome the difﬁculty and return consistently better qualitative results.
Liquid-Liquid Flow Pattern Prediction Using Relevant Dimensionless Parameter Groups

Accurate predictions of flow patterns in liquid-liquid flow are critical to the successful design and operation of industrial and geo-energy systems where two liquids are jointly transported. Unfortunately, there is no unified flow pattern map, because all published maps are based on limited ranges of dimensional parameters. Dimensional analysis was performed on oil-water horizontal flows, to obtain some relevant dimensionless parameter groups (DPG) for constructing flow pattern maps (FPM). The following combinations of DPG were used: (i) the ratio of mixture Reynolds number to Eotvos number versus water fraction, (ii) the ratio of Weber number to Eotvos number versus water fraction, (iii) the mixture Froude number versus water fraction, (iv) the water Froude number versus oil Froude number, (v) the ratio of gravity force to viscous force versus water fraction. From twelve published experimental studies, 2696 data points were gathered and analysed covering a variety of flow patterns including stratified, stratified mixed, dispersed oil in water, dispersed water in oil, annular and slug flows. Based on the performed analysis, it was found that flow patterns could occupy more than one isolated region on the DPG-based flow pattern map. None of the combinations of DPG can mark out all the considered flow patterns, however, some combinations of DPG are particularly suitable for marking out the regions associated with some flow patterns.
The Effectiveness of Modified Free Inquiry Strategies to Enhance Mastery of Molecular Biology Concepts

This study aims to test the effectiveness of the modified free inquiry strategy in molecular biology. The quasi-experimental method used involves one experiment and one control group. Topics covered are DNA Isolation, Electrophoresis, and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Multiple choice objective tests have been used as data collection instruments. Statistical differences test shows that no significant difference in mean scores between the two groups on all topics, so it was concluded that modified free inquiry strategy was not effective in molecular biology especially on the topic of DNA Isolation, Electrophoresis, and PCR. The implication of this research is that the use of the modified free inquiry strategies can be supplemented with computer-based technologies such as virtual laboratories, and portfolio instruments can be used as alternative assessments to assess students' mastery of concepts.
Influence of Temperature and Humidity on Resistance in Alfalfa to the Spotted Alfalfa Aphid and Pea Aphid

Survival and reproduction of the spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis maculata (Buckton), were similar to those of the pea aphid, Macrosiphum pisi (Harris), at all combinations of three temperatures and three humidities in studies using three alfalfa clones differing in resistance to both aphids. Differences among clones and among temperatures in regard to survival of adults and number of live nymphs produced per adult day were significant for both pea aphids and spotted alfalfa aphids. However, the interaction of clones ✕ temperatures was also highly significant. Differences in resistance among clones were striking at 85o but nil at 55oF. Humidity had less influence than temperature on aphid biology. Differences in survival of adults and number of live nymphs produced per adult day at 25%, 50%, and 90% relative humidity, expressed as averages of all clones and temperatures, were insignificant. The interaction of clones ✕ humidities was also insignificant which indicated that survival and reproduction of aphids on the clones were about the same irrespective of humidity. However, the effect of temperature was conditioned by humidity. At 85oF. survival of adults and number of live nymphs produced per adult day differed significantly with humidity, but the differences were insignificant at 55o. Resistance was more apparent when expressed by number of live nymphs produced per adult day than by survival of adults.
Income-Poor but Asset-Rich: Effect of Housing Wealth on Older Adults' Healthcare Utilization

Do wealthier individuals use more healthcare services than those less affluent? We investigate this question by exploiting the booms and busts in the U.S. housing market – a natural experiment that generated considerable gains and losses for homeowners. We estimate the effect of wealth on older adults’ healthcare utilization using the Instrumental Variables (IVs) approach with the region year variations in house prices and households’ loan-to-value (LTV) ratios to construct an instrument. As a robustness check for count-valued outcomes, we employ a new method of identification using heteroskedasticity (Lewbel, 2012). This method may be used to estimate a count model with endogenous regressors, where external instruments are not available. Using data from the 1996-2014 Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we find that an increase in wealth lowers the probability of hospital admissions, visits to doctors, prescription drug use, outpatient surgery and the use of special facilities or services. On the other hand, an increase in wealth leads to a higher probability of using dental services. At the intensive margin, the number of doctor visits decreases in response to positive wealth shock, but there is no significant effect on the number of nights in hospital. Overall, we find consistent evidence that wealthier individuals demand fewer health services but they have more out-of-pocket health expenditures compared to less wealthy individuals.