Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DIFFUSION VS CROSS-DIFFUSION : AN ELLIPTIC APPROACH

where 2= i=1 2 xi is the Laplace operator, 0 is a bounded smooth domain in R, 0 is the boundary of 0, and & is the outward unit normal vector on 0. The system (1.1) was proposed by Shigesada et al. [13] to model segregation of interacting species, where u and v represent the densities of two competing species, hence only non-negative u and v are of interest. The constants dj , aj , bj , and cj ( j=1, 2) are all positive, where d1 , d2 are the diffusion rates of these two species, a1 , a2 denote their intrinsic growth rates, b1 and c2 account for intra-specific competitions, and b2 and c1 are the coefficients of inter-specific competitions. The constants \12 and \21 are non-negative, and they are referred as cross-diffusion pressures. We refer to [13] for more background about (1.1). Previous work on the system (1.1) includes [2, 4 8, 15] and the references therein, and we refer to the introduction part of [4] for a more detailed description. In paper [4], we established various multidimensional existence and non-existence results on non-constant positive solutions of (1.1). Article ID jdeq.1998. 3559, available online at http: www.idealibrary. com on
Entropy inequalities for factors of IID

This paper is concerned with certain invariant random processes (called factors of IID) on infinite trees. Given such a process, one can assign entropies to different finite subgraphs of the tree. There are linear inequalities between these entropies that hold for any factor of IID process (e.g. "edge versus vertex" or "star versus edge"). These inequalities turned out to be very useful: they have several applications already, the most recent one is the Backhausz-Szegedy result on the eigenvectors of random regular graphs. We present new entropy inequalities in this paper. In fact, our approach provides a general "recipe" for how to find and prove such inequalities. Our key tool is a generalization of the edge-vertex inequality for a broader class of factor processes with fewer symmetries.
Design and energy estimation of QCA based simple data path selector cum router unit for nano communication

Quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) is promising nanotechnology due to the three main advantages: faster speed, nanoscale size, and ultra-small power consumption. This paper proposed a simple data path selector cum router as the ‘multiplexer-channel-demultiplexer’ unit using QCA, an unavoidable building block of nano communication. A Simple 2×2 block and the extended 4×4 block of data path selectors have been proposed in this article. The layouts of the proposed designs have been verified in QCADesigner, and the energy dissipation has been evaluated using two tools, QCAPro and QCQDesigner-E(QDE). The suggested designs reached a significant improvement in cell complexity (cell count) and covered area over the existing designs. In precise, the proposed 2×2 (4 × 4) block shows 86% (63%) lower cell complexity and 87% (37%) smaller area than the prior reported similar designs. In addition, the currently reported 2 × 2 (4 × 4) unit has 86% (60%) lower QDE based energy dissipation compared with prior reported designs.
Topology of Subvarieties of Complex Semi-abelian Varieties

We use the non-proper Morse theory of Palais–Smale to investigate the topology of smooth closed subvarieties of complex semi-abelian varieties and that of their infinite cyclic covers. As main applications, we obtain the finite generation (except in the middle degree) of the corresponding integral Alexander modules as well as the signed Euler characteristic property and generic vanishing for rank-one local systems on such subvarieties. Furthermore, we give a more conceptual (topological) interpretation of the signed Euler characteristic property in terms of vanishing of Novikov homology. As a byproduct, we prove a generic vanishing result for the $L^2$-Betti numbers of very affine manifolds. Our methods also recast June Huh’s extension of Varchenko’s conjecture to very affine manifolds and provide a generalization of this result in the context of smooth closed sub-varieties of semi-abelian varieties.
Local existence conditions for an equations involving the $p(x)$-Laplacian with critical exponent in $\mathbb{R}^N$

The purpose of this paper is to formulate sufficient existence conditions for a critical equation involving the $p(x)$-Laplacian posed in $\mathbb{R}^N$. This equation is critical in the sense that the source term has the form $K(x)|u|^{q(x)-2}u$ with an exponent $q$ that can be equal to the critical exponent $p^*$ at some points of $\mathbb{R}^N$ including at infinity. The sufficient existence conditions we find are local in the sense that they depend only on the behaviour of the exponents $p$ and $q$ near these points. We stress that we do not assume any symmetry or periodicity of the coefficients of the equation and that $K$ is not required to vanish in some sense at infinity like in most existing results. The proof of these local existence conditions is based on a notion of localized best Sobolev constant at infinity and a refined concentration-compactness at infinity.
Microbial Adherence to Contact Lenses and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a Model Organism for Microbial Keratitis

Microbial keratitis (MK), the infection of the cornea, is a devastating disease and the fifth leading cause of blindness and visual impairment around the world. The overwhelming majority of MK cases are linked to contact lens wear combined with factors which promote infection such as corneal abrasion, an immunocompromised state, improper contact lens use, or failing to routinely disinfect lenses after wear. Contact lens-related MK involves the adherence of microorganisms to the contact lens. Therefore, this review discusses the information currently available regarding the disease pathophysiology, the common types of microorganisms causing MK, physical and organic mechanisms of adhesion, material properties which are involved in adhesion, and current antimicrobial strategies. This review also concludes that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a model organism for the investigation of contact lens microbial adherence due to its prevalence in MK cases, its extremely robust adhesion, antimicrobial-resistant properties, and the severity of the disease it causes.
Diurnal Variation of Summer Monsoon Season Precipitation Over Southern Hainan Island, China: The Role of Boundary Layer Inertial Oscillations Over Indochina Peninsula

In June after the onset of the East Asian summer monsoon season, rainfall on the south side of Hainan Island (HNI) of China exhibits a trimodal pattern with an unusual peak near noon. A typical case of 20 June 2017 is chosen to analyze the mechanisms through a convection‐permitting simulation together with rainfall observations. Clockwise rotation in low‐level winds is found at and off the coast of south HNI, leading to maximum onshore southwesterly winds in the late morning that is closely linked to the diurnal variation of rainfall. The offshore diurnal variations of low‐level winds are tracked upstream and attributed to boundary layer inertial oscillations over the inland plain of Indochina Peninsula. In addition, a short wide gap comprised mostly of hills lower than 700 m is located across the higher Annamite Range along the east coast of the Peninsula, right upstream of HNI. Nocturnal boundary layer low‐level jet (LLJ) forming over the plain passes through the gap with significant acceleration due to gap channeling and downslope flow effects, reaching peak intensity off the Peninsula coast at around 09 local standard time (LST). The enhanced LLJ propagates downstream towards HNI and impinges on the mountains at around 12 LST when rainfall reaches peak there. As the inertial‐oscillation‐indued perturbation winds approaching the Island weaken and eventually reverse direction, lifting weakens and low‐level stability increases as descending motion develops offshore. Rainfall on the southern Island therefore dissipates in late afternoon.
Variable Doses of Nigella sativa in Isoniazid Induced Liver Toxicity in Rabbits

Objective: To evaluate the effect of various doses of Nigella sativa in isoniazid induced liver biochemical changes in Rabbits. Study design: Animal study Place of study: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in collaboration of Animal house BMSI, JPMC Karachi. Method: In this animal study, 48 (N) healthy rabbits of either sex were randomly selected and equally divided in four groups (12 in each). Group I, was given only healthy diet. Group II, given Isoniazid at 50mg/kg body weight per day orally. Group III, was given Isoniazid 50mg plus Nigella sativa 500 mg/kg body weight/day orally and Group IV, given Isoniazid 50mg plus Nigella sativa 1gm/kg body weight/day orally. Treatment duration was 20 days. Liver biochemical changes i-e, Serum Total Bilirubin, ALT and AST were investigated on 00 and 21 days respectively. The data was collected on designed proforma and assessed statistically using SPSS version 16 and paired T- Test was applied. Results: In Group I the liver biochemical changes were non-significant on 00 and 21 days. (S. Total Bilirubin, p value = 0.06, ALT, p = 0.09 & AST, p = 0.74). Group II the parameters were significantly raised, when 00 and 21 days were compared. (S. Total Bilirubin p = 0.00, ALT p = 0.00 & AST p = 0.00). In Group III the liver biochemical changes noted both significant and non-significant when compared between 00 and 21 days. (S. Total Bilirubin p = 0.06, ALT p = 0.00 & AST p = 0.74). Group IV the liver biochemical changes were non-significant when compared between 00 and 21 days. (S. Total Bilirubin p = 0.06, ALT p = 0.09 & AST p = 0.74) Conclusion: Nigella sativa showed protective role on isoniazid induced liver toxicity in rabbits.
Self-similar magnetohydrodynamics. I - The gamma = 4/3 polytrope and the coronal transient

The full set of ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations for a . gamma. = 4/3 polytrope admits self-similar solutions which can be derived by analytic methods. An axisymmetric magnetic field in a stratified stellar atmosphere is assumed. The general properties of these self-similar solutions can be demonstrated without obtaining the solutions explicitly and are discussed in connection with the coronal transient as an illustration. The solutions admit a large variety of magnetic structures, including those in the form of loops, moving through the corona with large scale coherence and sharp small scale features. The Lagrangian velocity of an individual transient feature is found to accelerate or decelerate according to a positive or negative gain in momentum by the plasma in a self-similar distribution of the Lorentz force, the pressure gradient, and the gravitational force. In both cases, the net force decreases with time so that, at large radial distances, the motion becomes inertial. The physical implications are discussed, arguing in favor of the transient beginning as a fully nonlinear MHD motion that ejects both magnetic field and plasma out of the gravitational bond of the Sun. Boundary conditions and construction of solutions are discussed. Illustration with explicit solutions and application to themore » coronal transient as well as stellar explosions will be taken up in papers to follow. « less
Special Education Teachers' Self-efficacy in Inclusive Schools During the COVID-19 Pandemic

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a lot of challenges in education settings especially for teachers arose due to the complexity of online learning. Notably, the issues surrounding online learning severely affected the special education teachers because of their reliance to assess and teach directly via a face-to-face method. In long term, the complexity of increased workloads and duties, preparing the lesson plan, and overseeing the lesson process might lead to teachers experiencing burnout and stress. One of the factors that might affect teachers’ burnout and job stress is self-efficacy. This study aims to explore the pandemic effect on special education teachers and how learning method changes affected their self-efficacy. This study was conducted in Surabaya, Indonesia, and involves four special education teachers from local junior high schools which have an inclusive program. The study is conducted with a qualitative method of focus group discussion (FGD). The questions for the participant were derived from the teacher efficacy for inclusive practice (TEIP) scale. The result was produced by analysing the coding and transcripts of the video and audio feed. The result revealed that based on three dimensions of teacher efficacy; efficacy in inclusive instructions, efficacy in collaboration, and efficacy in managing behaviour, the special education teachers’ self-efficacy worsened during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The implications and limitations of the research are discussed further in this manuscript. Keywords: Special education teacher, inclusive education, teacher self-efficacy, covid-19 pandemic
Enablers for Overcurrent Capability of Silicon-Carbide-Based Power Converters: An Overview

With the increase in penetration of power electronic converters in the power systems, a demand for overcurrent/ overloading capability has risen for the fault clearance duration. This article gives an overview of the limiting factors and the recent technologies for the overcurrent performance of SiC power modules in power electronics converters. It presents the limitations produced at the power module level by packaging materials, which include semiconductor chips, substrates, metallization, bonding techniques, die attach, and encapsulation materials. Specifically, technologies for overcurrent related temperatures in excess of 200$\,{}^{\circ }$C are discussed. This article also discusses potential technologies, which have been proven or may be potential candidates for improving the safe operating area. The discussed technologies are use of phase-change materials below the semiconductor chip, Peltier elements, new layouts of the power modules, control and modulation techniques for converters. Special attention has been given to an overview of various potential phase-change materials, which can be considered for high-temperature operations.
Mendelian Randomization Indicates a Causal Role for Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal system. Omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that are largely obtained from diet and have been speculated to decrease the inflammatory response that is involved in IBD; however, the causality of this association has not been established. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to assess genetic associations between 249 circulating metabolites measured in the UK Biobank as exposures and IBD as the outcome. The genome-wide association study summary level data for metabolite measurements and IBD were derived from large European ancestry cohorts. We observed ω3 fatty acids as a significant protective association with IBD, with multiple modes of MR evidence replicated in three IBD summary genetic datasets. The instrumental variables that were involved in the causal association of ω3 fatty acids with IBD highlighted an intronic SNP, rs174564, in FADS2, a protein engaged in the first step of alpha-linolenic acid desaturation leading to anti-inflammatory EPA and thence DHA production. A low ratio of ω3 to ω6 fatty acids was observed to be a causal risk factor, particularly for Crohn’s disease. ω3 fatty acid supplementation may provide anti-inflammatory responses that are required to attenuate inflammation that is involved in IBD.
Stratified surgery and K-theory invariants of the signature operator

In work of Higson-Roe the fundamental role of the signature as a homotopy and bordism invariant for oriented manifolds is made manifest in how it and related secondary invariants define a natural transformation between the (Browder-Novikov-Sullivan-Wall) surgery exact sequence and a long exact sequence of C*-algebra K-theory groups. In recent years the (higher) signature invariants have been extended from closed oriented manifolds to a class of stratified spaces known as L-spaces or Cheeger spaces. In this paper we show that secondary invariants, such as the rho-class, also extend from closed manifolds to Cheeger spaces. We revisit a surgery exact sequence for stratified spaces originally introduced by Browder-Quinn and obtain a natural transformation analogous to that of Higson-Roe. We also discuss geometric applications.
A class of cubic hypersurfaces and quaternionic Kähler manifolds of co‑homogeneity one

We classify all complete projective special real manifolds with reducible cubic potential, obtaining four series. For two of the series the manifolds are homogeneous, for the two others the respective automorphism group acts with co-homogeneity one. Complete projective special real manifolds give rise to complete quaternionic Kahler manifolds via the supergravity q-map, which is the composition of the supergravity c-map and r-map. We develop curvature formulas for manifolds in the image of the q-map. Applying the q-map to one of the above series of projective special real manifolds, we obtain a series of complete quaternionic Kahler manifolds, which are shown to be inhomogeneous (of co-homogeneity one) based on our curvature formulas.
PROFILING OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM POULTRY LITTER OF COMMERCIAL FARMS IN KHULNA DISTRICT, BANGLADESH

Microbial resistance to antibiotics has become a global threat that interferes with the interaction among humans, the environment, and microbes. Our study sought to detect antibiotic-resistant bacteria in light of the growing interest in using antibiotics in the poultry sector. We collected 24 poultry liter samples from 04 different upazilas of Khulna district (Batiaghata, Dumuria, Paikgachha and Koyra). Initially, 09 bacterial isolates were selected and among them, 77.78% bacteria were found gram positive. Subsequently, to characterize these bacteria, a toal of 10 biochemical tests (methyl red test, MacConkey agar test, indole test, catalase test, triple sugar iron test, mannitol salt agar test, oxidase test, Voges-Proskauer test, citrate test and nitrate test) were carried out in this experiment. Moreover, our study also isolated and amplified bacterial DNA for Sanger sequencing and finally disclosed 09 different antibiotic resistant bacterial species, namely Priestia aryabhattai, Bacillus cereus, Priestia megaterium, Lysinibacillus macrolides, Rossellomorea aquimaris, Mammaliicoccus sciuri, Bacillus wiedmannii, Escherichia coli and Citrobacter freundii. Further, disk diffusion assays were performed following CLSI guidelines and it unveiled the susceptibility and resistant properties of isolates against commonly used 08 antibiotics (penicillin 10U, tetracycline 20µg, nitrofuran 300µg, clindamycin 2µg, azithromycin 15µg, quinolones 5µg, tetracycline 30µg and penicillin 30µg) in poultry farms. All of the bacterial isolates were found resistant to at least one of the antibiotics except C. freundii (isolate 9). Most of the isolates (66.67%) were resistant to nitrofuran, whereas all of them were susceptible to penicillin. Lastly, this study also made an effort to understand the evolutionary relationships of the identified species through a phylogenetic tree. Thus, the findings of this study will help farmers and common people to better understand the risk of developing antibiotic-resistant bacteria as a result of excessive antibiotic usage.
Poisson structures of near-symplectic manifolds and their cohomology

We connect Poisson and near-symplectic geometry by showing that there is an almost regular Poisson structure induced by a near-symplectic form $\omega$ when its singular locus is a symplectic mapping torus. This condition is automatically satisfied on any near-symplectic 4-manifold. The Poisson structure $\pi$ is of maximal rank $2n$ and it drops its rank by 4 on a degeneracy set that coincides with the singular locus of the near-symplectic form. We then compute its Poisson cohomology in dimension 4. The cohomology spaces are finite dimensional and depend on the modular class. We conclude with a comment on the interaction between the Poisson structure $\pi$ and an overtwisted contact structure.
Effect of Colorants and Process Parameters on the Properties of Dope-Dyed Polylactic Acid Multifilament Yarns

The color of textile fibers is typically imparted by submersion in a high-temperature dye bath. However, the treatment of the effluent is challenging and the textile industry is therefore a major source of water pollution. Current fashion trends favor biobased polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) but exhaust dyeing at high temperatures causes hydrolytic degradation, reducing the crystallinity and tenacity of the yarn. To preserve the mechanical properties of PLA-based textiles, an alternative to exhaust dyeing called dope dyeing can be used, wherein colorants are incorporated into the polymer matrix during melt spinning. We evaluated this process by dope dyeing PLA with several colorants, then testing the thermal, physical, and mechanical properties of the yarn and the physical properties of circular-knitted fabrics. Although the colorants affected the crystallization behavior at lower cooling rates, during the melt-spinning process, the drawing speed had a greater effect on the crystallinity and mechanical properties of the dyed yarn. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the colorants were well dispersed in the PLA matrix. We found that the colorants did not affect the physical properties of the knitted fabric. Our results can be used to develop more environmentally beneficial dope-dyed PLA yarn with improved mechanical properties.
Theoretical investigations of an information geometric approach to complexity

It is known that statistical model selection as well as identification of dynamical equations from available data are both very challenging tasks. Physical systems behave according to their underlying dynamical equations which, in turn, can be identified from experimental data. Explaining data requires selecting mathematical models that best capture the data regularities. The existence of fundamental links among physical systems, dynamical equations, experimental data and statistical modeling motivate us to present in this article our theoretical modeling scheme which combines information geometry and inductive inference methods to provide a probabilistic description of complex systems in the presence of limited information. Special focus is devoted to describe the role of our entropic information geometric complexity measure. In particular, we provide several illustrative examples wherein our modeling scheme is used to infer macroscopic predictions when only partial knowledge of the microscopic nature of a given system is available. Finally, limitations, possible improvements, and future investigations are discussed.