Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Buerger Allen exercise in patients with diabetes mellitus type II to improve lower extremity circulation

Diabetes mellitus is a complex, chronic disease that requires continuous medical care with multifactorial, risk-reducing strategies beyond glycemic control. This study aimed to determine the effect of Buerder Allen Exercise on the circulation of the lower extremities in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. This research used Quasi-Experimental Design with a Pretest-Posttest approach with an experiment and control group. Research place in Kuningan, West Java, Indonesia. Respondents in this study were patients with diabetes mellitus totaling 42 respondents, which were divided into 21 intervention (experimental) groups and 21 control groups. Sampling using purposive sampling. The instruments used were Vascular Doppler and sphygmomanometer. Bivariate data analysis used is the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that the average pretest and post-test ABI values in the intervention group were 0.00 and 11.00, while in the control group, the averages were 11.00 and 0.00. Based on the results of the Wilcoxon test, a p-value of 0.000 (α 0.05) means that there is an effect of Buerder Allen exercise on the circulation of the lower extremities in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Buerder Allen exercise positively impacts the circulation of the lower extremities in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Measuring Recovery and Understanding Long-Term Deficits in Balance, Ankle Mobility and Hip Strength in People after an Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Bimalleolar Fracture and Their Impact on Functionality: A 12-Month Longitudinal Study

To analyze how balance and other physical capacities evolved after surgery in patients with a bimalleolar fracture and how these capacities and clinical variables (immobilization or unloading time) contribute to restoring patients’ functionality, 22 patients and 10 healthy people (HC) were assessed for static and dynamic balance (Y-Balance test, YBT), dorsiflexion ankle mobility (ADFROM) and hip strength at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Patients’ functional status was assessed through the Olerud Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score. Twenty-one patients with ankle fractures who completed the study showed a worse static and dynamic balance at 6 months. The YBT in the anterior direction (YBTA) revealed balance deficits in the operated limb at 12 months compared to the non-operated limb (−5.6%) and the HC (−6.7%). They also showed a decreased ADFROM compared to the non-operated limb (−7.4°) and the HC (−11°). In addition, medium-term (6 months) deficits in abductor strength hip but no hip strength deficits were found at 12 months after surgery. Relative weight analyses showed that ADFROM and hip strength explained 35–63% of the YBTA variance and AOFAS/OMAS scores. Balance, hip strength and ADFROM seem to be reliable indexes for assessing the functional status of these patients. These results could help to understand the relationship between these physical capacities and the patients’ perceived functional status.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Laser Based Biomedical Sensor Development and Examination of Device Trajectory

Controller design and signal processing for the control of air-vehicles have gained extreme importance while interacting with humans to form a brain–computer interface. This is because fewer commands need to be mapped into multiple controls. For our anticipated biomedical sensor for breath analysis, it is mandatory to provide medication to the patients on an urgent basis. To address this increasingly tense situation in terms of emergencies, we plan to design an unmanned vehicle that can aid spontaneously to monitor the person’s health, and help the physician spontaneously during the rescue mission. Simultaneously, that must be done in such a computationally efficient algorithm that the minimum amount of energy resources are consumed. For this purpose, we resort to an unmanned logistic air-vehicle which flies from the medical centre to the affected person. After obtaining restricted permission from the regional administration, numerous challenges are identified for this design. The device is able to lift a weight of 2 kg successfully which is required for most emergency medications, while choosing the smallest distance to the destination with the GPS. By recording the movement of the vehicle in numerous directions, the results deviate to a maximum of 2% from theoretical investigations. In this way, our biomedical sensor provides critical information to the physician, who is able to provide medication to the patient urgently. On account of reasonable supply of medicines to the destination in terms of weight and time, this experimentation has been rendered satisfactory by the relevant physicians in the vicinity.
Time is money - The valuation of travel time savings in Switzerland

A main objective of most transport infrastructure projects is the reduction of user travel times. Neglecting external costs faster travel times lead to benefits for system users. A common tool to account for these benefits is their conversion into a monetary amount using a suitable value of travel time savings (short, value of time – VoT). Similarly, one can value the reductions in travel time variability, i.e. increased system reliability. There are numerous European and US studies, which have estimated the willingness to pay for the reduction of travel times in a national context. The transport planning group of the IVT (ETH Zurich) has performed recently a number of studies measuring travel behaviour while accounting for travel times and trip costs. This paper will present initial results of a national study to estimate VoTs by trip purpose and user group. It is based on customised stated preference experiments built upon user reported trips. This paper gives an overview of the recent studies. The second part discusses the construction and the design of the survey. It outlines some specific features which have to be considered when designing such a survey. The research is in progress, so that results presented in the third part have to be taken as preliminary.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF CONTRACT FARMING IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF PINEAPPLE PRODUCTION IN RWANDA: CASE STUDY OF UCOCUAN IN NGOMA DISTRICT

: Agriculture sector has a very important impact in development of the countries especially for Low developed countries. The main objective of this research was to assess the contribution of contract farming in improving socio-economic development of rural farmers in Rwanda, case study of UCOCUAN (cooperative union) pineapple growers in Ngoma District. A sample size of 63 respondents to be employed for the identified target population was scientifically computed. Linear and OLS models have been used to estimate a relationship between dependent variable and independents variables. The methods of analysis used were descriptive statistics and regression analysis to estimate the parameters of the agricultural mobile services function through SPSS (16.0) and STATA (13.0) software. The result of the regression analysis indicated that assess the contribution of contract farming in improving socio-economic development of rural farmers in Rwanda is statistically significant. A p-value of 0.0000 tells us that our model as a whole fits significantly better than an empty model. Based on theses objectives, the first hypothesis indicated that there was a significant contribution of contract farming on sustainable production of pineapples in the improvement of socio-economic development of pineapple growers in Rwanda a case study of Ngoma district at 1% level and 5 % level respectively where (p-values <0.05). According to the findings of the model, the factors (such as X 1 , X2, X 3, and x 4 ,) have significantly contributed to high market profit of pineapple production in study area. The results indicated that contract farming has been contributed significantly to Payment of school fees(x1), payment of medical insurance(x2), installation of water/ electricity(x4), money saving(x5), and buying other foods at a 1% level. According to the findings of the model, the second hypothesis indicated the contract farming has significantly contributed to different independent variables such as(x 1, x 2 , x 4 , x 5, and X 7 , ) . However, the contract farming has more contribution on farmers’ user than no users. An increase in number of contract farming for farmer for sure the pineapple production will be sustained in Rwanda especially in the rural areas of Ngoma district.
Dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe: five lessons from the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies

ABSTRACT The paper provides insights into the mental health consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic from the Central, Eastern, Nordic, Southern, and Western subregions of Europe, represented by five member countries of the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS). On the basis of the existing national research and experiences in these countries, we propose five lessons learned. (1) There is no evidence of a mental health pandemic so far in the countries in focus. No increase in severe mental disorders but some increase in the symptoms of common mental health disorders are observable. More high-quality longitudinal studies are needed to understand the mental health burden of the pandemic. (2) The pandemic affects countries (including the mental health situation) differently, depending on the level of the exposure, management policies, pre-pandemic structural characteristics, and healthcare resources. (3) The pandemic affects people differently: the exposure severity to pandemic-related stressors differs between individuals, as well as individual resources to cope with these stressors. There are winners and losers as well as identifiable at-risk groups that need particular attention. (4) Besides the negative consequences, the pandemic has had a positive impact. The rapidly applied innovations within the system of healthcare responses provide a window of opportunity for positive changes in mental healthcare policies, strategies, and practices. The increased focus on mental health during the pandemic may contribute to the prioritization of mental health issues at policy-making and organizational levels and may reduce stigma. (5) A stress- and trauma-informed response to COVID-19 is required. The European community of psychotraumatologists under the leadership of ESTSS plays an important role in promoting stress- and trauma-informed healthcare and policies of pandemic management. Based on the lessons learned, we propose a stepped-care public mental health model for the prevention of adverse mental health outcomes during pandemics. HIGHLIGHTS Population mental health is affected differently in the COVID-19 pandemic: there are winners and losers, as well as identifiable at-risk groups that need particular attention. A stress- and trauma-informed public mental health stepped-care model can address pandemic-related mental health burden in a systematic way.
A clinical study on the effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol on erythrocyte deformability during anaesthesia

Purpose: To investigate the clinical effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol on erythrocyte deformability (ED) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods: A total of 522 patients undergoing gallbladder removal surgery were randomly divided into groups A (dexmedetomidine group), B (propofol group), and C (control). Erythrocyte suspensions were prepared from each group. Then, erythrocyte deformability index (EI) was measured in terms of RBC deformability. Moreover, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, and concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) were determined. Patients in the three groups received the same anaesthesia induction and maintenance, and their EI and Hct values were assayed before anaesthesia (T0) and post-surgery (T1). The activity of eNOS in each group was assayed using immunofluorescence microscopy and western blotting analysis.Results: There were higher levels of EI and NO, and higher eNOS activity in erythrocytes in the dexmedetomidine group than in the propofol and ginsenoside groups (p < 0.05). Post-naethesia EI (T0) values were higher in propofol and control groups than in dexmedetomidine group (p < 0.05). The protein expression of eNOS was higher in dexmedetomidine group, as was evident from immunofluorescence and western blotting analyses.Conclusion: Perioperative use of dexmedetomidine during anaesthesia increases RBC deformability in vitro and directly upregulates eNOS activity in erythrocytes.
Impact of Aerosol Radiative Effect on the Diurnal Cycle of Summer Precipitation Over North China: Distinct Results From Simulations With Parameterized Versus Explicit Convection

The diurnal cycle of precipitation (DCP) is an important feature of local weather and climate. Owing to the complex interactions of aerosols and meteorological conditions, the influence of aerosols on the DCP is still inconclusive. Here we use regional modeling experiments with parameterized convection (PC) and explicit convection (EC) to disentangle the influence of aerosol radiative effects and model convection schemes on the DCP in North China, focusing on the precipitation peak time in the afternoon. We found that the EC experiments show delayed but more realistic DCPs compared with the PC experiments. With the increase of aerosol emissions, the PC experiments show delays in the afternoon precipitation peak, while this is not found in the EC experiments and observations. The different vertical velocities and vertical aerosol profiles produced by the schemes and the associated different thermodynamic responses are the primary reason for the distinct DCP responses.
Indocyanine Green Is a Safe and Effective Alternative to Radioisotope in Breast Cancer Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy regardless of Patient Body Mass Index

Introduction: A recent meta-analysis [Lancet Oncol. 2010;11:908–909] has confirmed high sensitivity of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence mapping for sentinel node detection in early breast cancer. Concerns have previously been raised regarding the efficacy in patients with high body mass index (BMI). Materials and Methods: All consecutive patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsies (SLNBs) for early breast cancer in NHS Tayside were included in a prospective audit of surgical and pathology findings. All patients included in the study received dual injection of patent blue dye and ICG. Approval was obtained from the local Caldicott guardian for collection and use of personal data. Results: Of 239 cases, all were female patients of mean age 62 years (range 27–93). In 4.2% (10/239) of cases, neither blue dye nor ICG was present in the axilla. Of the remaining 229 SLNB cases in this series, surgeons documented retrieval of 451 nodes, with a mean surgical nodal count per case of 1.97 (range 1–5) and pathological nodal count of 2.15 (range 0–7). Eighty three cases were performed in patients with BMI 30–39.9 and 21 cases with BMI ≥40, with nodal detection rates of 96.4% (80/83) and 95.2% (20/21), respectively, in these groups of patients. Twenty percent (48/229) of cases had nodal metastases on histopathology. Conclusions: This is a large single-center study which demonstrates the safety and accuracy of the combined ICG and blue dye technique for SLNB in breast cancer. This is represented by nodal detection rates and node positivity rates which are comparable to previous multicenter studies of standard SLNB regardless of BMI.
IDENTIFICATION AND SOURCES OF MISCONCEPTIONS HELD BY SECONDARY SCHOOL PHYSICS STUDENTS IN HEAT ENERGY IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA

The study identified misconceptions held by secondary school students about the concepts of Heat energy and investigated the sources of the misconceptions in Rivers State, Nigeria. A mixed method research design, specifically the descriptive survey and the exploratory analysis, was adopted for the study. The study was guided by two research questions. Using the random sampling technique, a sample of 300 Secondary School 1 (SS 1) Physics students was selected for the study in Ikwerre Local Government Area, Rivers State. Data was collected using three research instruments titled “Heat Energy Performance Test” (r = 0.80), Sources of Misconceptions in Heat Energy Questionnaire” (r = 0.74) and “Misconception in Heat Energy Interview Template”. This study revealed that secondary school students have misconceptions about Heat energy. This study further revealed that teachers' instructional presentation ranked 1st as the source of misconception in the concept of Heat energy, social interactions ranked 2nd, prior knowledge ranked 3rd while textbooks and reference materials ranked 4th. The study thus recommends that Physics teachers should always conduct a diagnostic test before instruction to correct any wrong preconceived notion held by the students about a particular concept before instruction. Also, well-designed and technology-assisted instruction should be adopted by Physics teachers to facilitate an accurate scientific understanding of heat energy. Article visualizations:
Air–water flow properties in hydraulic jumps on rough pebbled bed

ABSTRACT In open channel flows, a hydraulic jump is a rapid shift from a supercritical flow to a subcritical flow with a sharp rise in the elevation of the free surface, which is associated with strong energy dissipation, air entrainment, and spray. The present research aims to investigate the air–water flow properties in a hydraulic jump on rough pebbled bed. A range of discharges from 0.06 to 0.1 m3/s, corresponding to inflow Froude numbers Fr 1 between 1.7 and 2.84 and Reynolds numbers Re 1 from 140,000 to 220,000 were considered. The basic parameters of two-phase flow such as the void fraction and bubble count rate are presented. Close to the jump toe, the mean void fraction on rough bed was larger than on smooth bed, while farther downstream larger magnitudes were observed on smooth bed. No significant difference was observed between rough and smooth beds in terms of the maximum void fraction. In the turbulent shear layer, the bubble count rate was comparatively larger on rough bed than on smooth bed, while the longitudinal distribution decayed for both bed configurations.
Fast spread followed by anagenetic evolution in Eurasian and North American Amphimachairodus

ABSTRACT The charismatic sabretooth cat Amphimachairodus has numerous but largely fragmentary records across late Miocene deposits of Africa, Eurasia and North America. The genus has a complex taxonomic history, and the majority of Amphimachairodus materials come from isolated localities, often studied without stratigraphic context. Here, we analyse the long, continuous records from the classic Chinese Baode strata, which produce Amphimachairodus throughout the section, and demonstrate that an A. palanderi-horribilis chronospecies succession represents a continuum of in situ anagenetic evolution of increasing size. We then synthesise chronological occurrences of Amphimachairodus from all Holarctic records and reframe their evolution as a case of chronospecies succession. Two parallel anagenetic lineages are evident: a Eurasian A. giganteus-palanderi-horribilis chronospecies succession and second, a North American A. coloradensis-alvarezi chronospecies succession following an immigration event in the early Hemphillian. In addition to greater hypercarnivory evidenced by dental specialisation, the Eurasian lineage shows a trend towards a large body size, whereas the North American lineage decreases in size. We take this opportunity to describe materials of Amphimachairodus alvarezi from Yepómera (latest Hemphillian) in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico, and previously undescribed materials from San Miguel de Allende Basin. We review taxonomic status of Chinese A. horribilis and related taxa.
Exploring grammatical differences between Irish and British English

This paper focuses on verb syntax and especially the use of modal auxiliaries with the progressive form (MODAL + be V- ing ) in standard and nonstandard spoken varieties of Irish and British English. Modal auxiliaries are known to be undergoing major changes in present-day Englishes, while increasing use of the progressive has been observed for both nonstandard and standard varieties globally. The results show higher rates of use of MODAL + V- ing in Irish English than in British English. Particularly noticeable is the more frequent use of WILL + V- ing in both standard and nonstandard Irish English than in British English. These findings suggest a certain degree of distinctiveness for Irish English vis-a-vis British English in this domain of grammar. Keywords: Irish English; British English; modal auxiliaries; progressive
Global Civil Aviation Emissions Estimates for 2017–2020 Using ADS-B Data

Aviation is a growing source of atmospheric emissions impacting the Earth's climate and air quality. Comprehensive assessments of the environmental impact of this industry require up-to-date, spatially resolved, and speciated emissions inventories. We develop and evaluate the first such estimate of global emissions from aircraft operations for the years 2017-2020. Aircraft activity data, based on flights registered by networks of aircraft Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) telemetry receivers, are used together with the Base of Aircraft Data (BADA) 3.15 aircraft performance model and the International Civil Aviation Organization Engine Emissions Databank to estimate spatially resolved fuel burn and emissions of CO2, H2O, NOx (NO+NO2), SOx (SO2+SO42-), CO, unburnt hydrocarbons (HC), and nonvolatile particulate matter (nvPM). We calculate that 937 Tg of CO2 and 4.62 Tg of NOx were emitted by aircraft in 2019, and quantify the evolution of the fleet average emission indices over time. Owing to impacts from COVID-19, we estimate a 48% lower fuel burn, resulting in 463 Tg less CO2 and 2.29 Tg less NOx emitted in 2020 than what would be otherwise expected. We conclude that ADS-B is a viable source of data to generate global emissions estimates in a timely and transparent manner for monitoring and assessing aviation's atmospheric impacts.
Nutritional Status in Chinese Patients with Obesity Following Sleeve Gastrectomy/Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study

Metabolic surgery (MS) is one of the most effective therapies for treating obesity. Due to the lack of multicenter cohort research on nutritional evaluations after surgery in Chinese patients, we explored the changes in nutritional status following MS in Chinese patients. This was a retrospective study of patients (n = 903) who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (SG) (n = 640) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) (n = 263) for obesity at five different hospitals in China between 17 February 2011, and 20 December 2019. Major nutrients were evaluated at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Hb levels decreased, and anemia prevalence increased at 12 months after MS in the premenopausal female group. Moreover, patients with preoperative anemia had an increased risk of postoperative anemia. The ferritin levels (p < 0.001) decreased and iron deficiency increased (p < 0.001) at 12 months after MS among premenopausal females. No significant changes in folate deficiency and vitamin B12 deficiency were found throughout the study. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the femoral neck, lumbar spine, and total hip significantly decreased from baseline to 12 months after MS; however, no new patients developed osteopenia or osteoporosis after MS. Based on 12 months of follow-up, premenopausal females presented a high incidence of anemia after MS. Although we found no differences in osteopenia and osteoporosis prevalence after MS, the BMD did decrease significantly, which suggests that nutrient supplements and long-term follow-up are especially necessary postoperation.