Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Broad Spectrum Tissue Culture Experiment with Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Pith Tissue Callus

The composition and rationale of a broad spectrum tissue culture experiment involving 81 different media are described. Tobacco calluses sub-cultured on media in this experiment were induced to form six main types of callus depending on the concentration levels of minerals, auxins, cytokinins, and sucrose, growth factors and amino acids in the medium. Only nine of the 81 media inhibited callus growth, and growth (increase in mass divided by initial mass of fresh matter) varied considerably reaching a maximum of nearly 200 after eight weeks on a medium high in minerals, cytokinins, sucrose, growth factors and amino acids and low in auxins. Five media induced regeneration from the calluses. This experiment is suggested as a potentially fruitful introductory test for many new or unresolved tissue culture situations.
Comparison of the rotational stability between plate-haptic toric and C-loop haptic toric intraocular lenses in myopic eyes.

PURPOSE To compare the rotational stability of a plate-haptic toric intraocular lens (IOL) versus a C-loop haptic toric IOL in myopic cataract eyes. SETTING EENT Hospital of Fudan University, China. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, controlled study. METHODS Cataract eyes with axial length (AXL)>24.5 mm were randomly assigned to receive implantation of a C-loop haptic toric IOL (AcrySof Toric IOL, Group A) or a plate-haptic toric IOL (AT TORBI 709M, Group B). IOL rotation, residual astigmatism (RAS), visual acuity and high-order aberrations (HOAs) evaluated with OPD-Scan III aberrometer were compared at 3 months postoperatively. In total, 62 eyes of 62 patients were eligible for analysis: 31 in Group A and 31 in Group B. RESULTS The mean rotation of toric IOLs was greater in Group A than in Group B (8.00±3.60° vs 4.42±3.24°, respectively, p<0.001), especially when IOLs were vertically placed. IOL rotation was positively correlated with AXL in Group A while no such correlations were found in Group B. RAS in Group A was greater than that in Group B (-0.76±0.30D vs -0.51±0.29D, respectively, p=0.001). Fewer eyes achieved a RAS of ≤0.50D in Group A than in Group B (38.71% vs 64.52%). Group A had worse postoperative uncorrected visual acuity and higher total HOAs and coma for a 6mm pupil than Group B, while postoperative corrected visual acuity was not different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The plate-haptic toric IOL may be a better choice for myopic cataract eyes with corneal astigmatism due to reduced postoperative rotation.
The Pen Is Not Always Mightier: Different Ways of Measuring Handedness With the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory Yield Different Handedness Conclusions

Although consistency of handedness (the strength of dominant hand preference) is increasingly recognized as an important individual difference, there are questions about how to best measure it. A recent meta-analysis showed that researchers have often failed to report details of responses and response formats to handedness test items. In addition to measuring handedness direction (i.e., left versus right handedness), there can be utility to dichotomizing the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI) into consistent and inconsistent dominant handedness, despite controversy over the best means of doing so. In this study, we performed a discriminant function analysis of EHI items to determine which items best predicted handedness consistency versus handedness direction. Although the same discriminant function accounted for most of the variance for both dependent measures, writing and drawing EHI items were the strongest predictors of handedness direction and combing and opening jars items were the strongest predictors of handedness consistency. As different items on the EHI predicted these different handedness dimensions, we discuss the implications of dichotomizing EHI items into both relevant dimensions for both biological and environmental theories of the basis of handedness and for future handedness research.
Development of Resistance to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Inducing Agents in Mouse Leukemic L1210 Cells

Four new variants of L1210 cells resistant to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressors, tunicamycin (STun), thapsigargin (SThap), bortezomib (SBor), and MG-132 (SMG-132), were developed via an 18-month periodic cultivation in culture medium with a gradual increase in substance concentration. Multidrug resistance was generated for STun (to tunicamycin, bortezomib and MG-132), SThap (to tunicamycin, thapsigargin and MG-132), SBor (to bortezomib and MG-132), and SMG-132 (to bortezomib and MG-132). These cells were compared to the original L1210 cells and another two variants, which expressed P-gp due to induction with vincristine or transfection with the gene encoding P-gp, in terms of the following properties: sensitivity to either vincristine or the ER stressors listed above, proliferative activity, expression of resistance markers and proteins involved in the ER stress response, and proteasome activity. The resistance of the new cell variants to ER stressors was accompanied by a decreased proliferation rate and increased proteasome activity. The most consistent change in protein expression was the elevation of GRP78/BiP at the mRNA and protein levels in all resistant variants of L1210 cells. In conclusion, the mechanisms of resistance to these stressors have certain common features, but there are also specific differences.
Predicted β-structure stability parameters under experimental test

Recently, beta-structure stability parameters have been measured for all 20 natural amino acids, separately for the edge and separately for the internal beta-sheet positions. Theoretical estimations of all these stability parameters have been obtained earlier on the basis of the molecular theory. Comparison shows a good concordance between the recent experimental results and the earlier theoretical predictions.
Survival, growth, reproduction, and diet of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) stocked into lakes after liming to mitigate acidity

Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were stocked into two previously acidic (pH 4.5–5.2) Adirondack Mountain lakes, Woods Lake and Cranberry Pond, following liming in June, 1985. Age 0+ Temiscamie × Domestic hybrid brook trout were stocked at 200∙ha−1 with one-half of the fish selected for presumed acid tolerance. Age 1+ Temiscamie strain brook trout were also stocked at 50∙ha−1. Liming increased pH to well above 7 and alkalinity to over 200 μeq∙L−1. Growth and condition of stocked fish were good while water quality conditions remained suitable. However, in Cranberry Pond, which reacidified 6 mo after liming, both growth and survival declined dramatically. Much of the population loss was due to emigration. Annual survival in Woods Lake averaged 35 and 25% for the age 0+ and 1+ fish, respectively. Initially large invertebrates made up most of the diet for stocked fish. These taxa were replaced by zooplankton within a few months. Limited natural reproduction was associated with low velocity groundwater infl.
Flavors of Dairy Products: A Review of Recent Advances

Abstract During the last ten years, particularly in the United States, there has been a tremendous amount of research aimed at improving the flavor and quality of dairy products. Current knowledge on the flavor of butter, Cheddar cheese, and several low-fat dairy products is reviewed. The advantages of several new isolation techniques are considered, because the kind of information obtained on the flavor of dairy products depends largely on the method used to isolate the flavor compounds.
In Vitro Activity of the Ultrabroad-Spectrum-Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor QPX7728 against Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales with Varying Intrinsic and Acquired Resistance Mechanisms

QPX7728 is an investigational ultrabroad-spectrum-beta-lactamase inhibitor (BLI) with potent inhibition of key serine and metallo-beta-lactamases. QPX7728 enhances the potency of many beta-lactams, including carbapenems, in isogenic strains of Gram-negative bacteria producing various beta-lactamases. The potency of meropenem alone and in combination with QPX7728 (tested at fixed concentrations of 1 to 16 μg/ml) was tested against 598 clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). ABSTRACT QPX7728 is an investigational ultrabroad-spectrum-beta-lactamase inhibitor (BLI) with potent inhibition of key serine and metallo-beta-lactamases. QPX7728 enhances the potency of many beta-lactams, including carbapenems, in isogenic strains of Gram-negative bacteria producing various beta-lactamases. The potency of meropenem alone and in combination with QPX7728 (tested at fixed concentrations of 1 to 16 μg/ml) was tested against 598 clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). The panel included 363 strains producing serine carbapenemases, 224 strains producing metallo-beta-lactamases (151 NDM, 53 VIM, and 20 IMP), and 50 strains that did not carry any known carbapenemases but were resistant to meropenem (MIC ≥ 4 μg/ml). The panel was also enriched in strains that had various defects in the major porins OmpK35/OmpF and OmpK36/OmpC. Increasing concentrations of QPX7728 restored the potency of meropenem against CRE, with the meropenem MIC90 decreasing from >64 μg/ml to 0.5 μg/ml for QPX7728 (8 μg/ml). QPX7728 significantly increased the potency of meropenem against CRE with multiple resistance mechanisms; the reduction in the meropenem MIC90 with QPX7728 (8 μg/ml) ranged from 32- to >256-fold. Compared with other beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations, meropenem-vaborbactam, ceftazidime-avibactam, and imipenem-relebactam, meropenem with QPX7728 was the most potent beta-lactam–BLI combination tested against all groups of CRE with multiple resistance mechanisms. Defects in OmpK36 in KPC-producing strains markedly decreased the potency of meropenem with vaborbactam (128-fold increase in the MIC90), whereas only an 8- to 16-fold change was observed with QPX7728 plus meropenem. More than 90% of various CRE subsets (including those with reduced permeability) were susceptible to ≤8 μg/ml of meropenem with QPX7728 at 8 μg/ml or lower. The combination of QPX7728 with meropenem against CRE has an attractive microbiological profile in CRE with multiple resistance mechanisms.
Predictive value of computed tomography in identifying extranodal extension in human papillomavirus‐positive versus human papillomavirus‐negative head and neck cancer

Pathologic extranodal extension (pENE) impacts treatment planning and is an important prognostic indicator for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Computed tomography (CT) is a commonly used modality for assessment of radiographic ENE (rENE). To determine the predictive value of CT‐identified rENE in predicting pENE, we performed a systematic review through a search of 4 databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and OVID). Meta‐analysis of diagnostic performance based on human papillomavirus (HPV) status was conducted. For HPV‐negative HNSCC, pooled sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 60.6%, 93.3%, and 82.6%, respectively. Overall positive predictive value (PPV) was 82.7%. For HPV‐positive HNSCC, pooled sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 77.7%, 72.2%, and 63.8%, respectively. Overall PPV was 68.6%. Significant differences were observed in diagnostic performance parameters between the two cohorts. The radiographic characteristics of HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative nodal metastases in HNSCC differ and radiographic evaluation of ENE in HPV‐positive nodes is challenging. Development of refined imaging characteristics of HPV‐positive nodes is needed to improve diagnostic performance.
Mood swings across the menstrual cycle: a comparison between oral contraceptive users and non-users

Abstract In this study we have evaluated the cyclical mood change throughout menstrual cycle in oral contraceptive (OC) users and non-users. A total of 62 young women, with a regular menstrual cycle and not clinically depressed, kept, for five weeks, daily records of their visual analogue ratings of mood, irritability, energy and tension (Global Vigor-Affect scale). A Profile of Mood States was performed weekly as a further self-evaluation of mood. Eighteen women were taking oral contraceptives and 44 were non-users. Only the depression-dejection dimension varied significantly during the menstrual cycle (p < 0.05) with an improvement of mood around day 14 and worsening premenstrually. No significant differences were found between the two groups. On the whole the results suggest that oral contraceptives do not alter the physiological fluctuation of mood occurring with menses in young healthy women.
Analysis of knowledge bases and research hotspots of coronavirus from the perspective of mapping knowledge domain

Abstract Background: Coronaviruses have drawn attention since the beginning of the 21st century. Over the past 17 years, coronaviruses have triggered several outbreaks of epidemic in people, which brought great threats to global public health security. We analyzed the publications on coronavirus with bibliometrics software and qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated the knowledge base and hot topics of coronavirus research from 2003 to 2020. Methods: We explored the publications on coronavirus in the Web of Science core collection (WOSCC) from 2003 to 2020. Bibliometric analysis, evaluating knowledge base, and research hotspots were performed based on CiteSpace V (Drexel University, Chaomei Chen). Results: There were a total of 8433 publications of coronavirus. The research on coronavirus boomed when a novel coronavirus triggered outbreaks in people. The leading country was the United States, and the leading institution was the University of Hong Kong. The most productive researchers were: Yuen KY, Drosten C, Baric RS. The keywords analysis showed that SARS-CoV, infection, acute respiratory syndrome, antibody, receptor, and spike protein were research hotspots. The research categories analysis showed that virology, microbiology, veterinary sciences, infectious diseases, and biochemistry and molecular biology were hot research categories. Conclusions: Bibliometric analysis of the literature shows the research on coronavirus boomed when a novel coronavirus triggered outbreaks in people. With the end of the epidemic, the research tended to be cooling. Virus identification, pathogenesis, and coronavirus-mediated diseases attracted much attention. We must continue studying the viruses after an outbreak ended.
Recruiting African American parents of school-aged children in a physical activity study: Lessons learned

Objectives To describe the recruitment strategies and lessons learned when enrolling African American parents/caregivers of school-aged children (ages 6–12 years) in an online survey of physical activity. With physical activity serving as a modifiable behavioral risk factor for several chronic diseases (obesity and cardiovascular diseases), little is understood regarding the influences on African Americans’ physical activity participation to develop culturally appropriate physical activity interventions. Gaining a better understanding of physical activity influences is possible through research, yet recruiting and enrolling African Americans in health research is a challenge. Methods Over a three-month period, a multidimensional approach (distribution of flyers, community partnerships, network sampling, African American researcher, effective communication, and data collection procedures) was used for study recruitment. Results We exceeded our recruitment goal of 105 participants. A total of 127 African American parent/caregivers of school-aged children enrolled, which included both females/mothers (n = 87, 69%) and males/fathers (n = 40, 31%). Network sampling was the single most effective recruitment strategy for reaching this population. Lessons learned in this study includes considering participant burden and their comfort with technology, as well as gaining community trust. Discussion Lessons learned in recruiting African American parents provides a guide for future research. Efforts are needed to further increase the representation of African American males in health research.
Do gender differences in the relationship between living with children and alcohol consumption vary by societal gender inequality?

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS To better understand the relationship between alcohol consumption and living with children, we assessed whether the association varied for men and women across diverse countries and whether this relationship was moderated by country-level gender inequality. DESIGN AND METHODS We used Hierarchical Linear Modelling to analyse data from 32 surveys conducted in 27 countries. Measures included whether the participant was a drinker versus abstainer in past 12 months, annual number of drinks consumed, whether the respondent lived with children, gender (male/female) and age of respondent, and country-level gender inequality measured using the Gender Inequality Index. RESULTS Annual drinks consumed was significantly lower for women living with children. Men living with children were generally more likely to be drinkers, and the relationship between annual consumption and living with children was moderated by cultural gender equality: specifically, men in countries with higher gender equality drank less if they lived with children while the association for men in lower equality countries was nonsignificant. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Although lower alcohol consumption was found generally for women living with children, this relationship was found only for men in countries where there was more gender equality. Given the high risk of harm to children from heavy consumption by adults with whom they live, prevention efforts need to strengthen prevention of heavy consumption by parents and other who live with children, especially for men who live with children in low gender equality countries.
Risk stratification in breast cancer screening: Cost‐effectiveness and harm‐benefit ratios for low‐risk and high‐risk women

In mammography screening programmes, women are screened according to a one‐size‐fits‐all principle. Tailored screening, based on risk levels, may lead to a better balance of benefits and harms. With microsimulation modelling, we determined optimal mammography screening strategies for women at lower (relative risk [RR] 0.75) and higher (RR 1.8) than average risk of breast cancer, eligible for screening, using the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) of current uniform screening in the Netherlands (biennial [B] 50‐74) as a threshold ICER. Strategies varied by interval (annual [A], biennial, triennial [T]) and age range. The number of life‐years gained (LYG), breast cancer deaths averted, overdiagnosed cases, false‐positive mammograms, ICERs and harm‐benefit ratios were calculated. Optimal risk‐based screening scenarios, below the threshold ICER of €8883/LYG, were T50‐71 (€7840/LYG) for low‐risk and B40‐74 (€6062/LYG) for high‐risk women. T50‐71 screening in low‐risk women resulted in a 33% reduction in false‐positive findings, a similar reduction in costs and improved harm‐benefit ratios compared to the current screening schedule. B40‐74 in high‐risk women led to an increase in screening benefit, compared to current B50‐74 screening, but a relatively higher increase in false‐positive findings. In conclusion, optimal screening consisted of a longer interval and lower stopping age than current uniform screening for low‐risk women, and a lower starting age for high‐risk women. Extending the interval for women at lower risk from biennial to triennial screening reduced harms and costs while maintaining most of the screening benefit.
Female social relationships of cebus apella nigritus in a southeastern Atlantic forest: An analysis through ecological models of primate social evolution

Theoretical models about female relationships within primate social groups hypothesise that food abundance and distribution are important factors determining the variation of patterns observed among species and populations. Despite some common premises, models formulated by van Schaik (1989) and Sterck et al. (1997) and by Isbell (1991) differ with respect to the importance of predation risk, the co-variation of contest and scramble competition and causes of female dispersal. In this study, data from a population of Cebus apella nigritus from Brazilian Atlantic Forest are analysed using predictions from these models. Competition among females, both within and between groups, is strong and related to food abundance and distribution. Females can transfer between groups, as well as males. Female dispersal is related to a significant reduction in per capita energy intake by group foragers during fruit scarcity periods. The data from this study are not conclusive about the importance of predation in causing variation of female relationships but favour the assumption from van Schaik and Sterck et al. that contest and scramble competition within and between groups can vary independently; and also favour the formulation from Isbell & Van Vuren (1996) on female dispersal. The exact pattern of female social relationships is not sufficiently explained by ecological causes alone. Social benefits provided by the dominant male also seem to be important.
Effects of gender and mating status on self‐directed dispersal by the whitefly parasitoid Eretmocerus eremicus

1. The impacts of gender and mating on short‐range (< 10 km) dispersal by the whitefly parasitoid Eretmocerus eremicus Rose and Zolnerowich (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) were examined. A fluorescent dust‐marking technique was also tested.
A new species of Thyroptera Spix (Mammalia : Chiroptera : Thyropteridae) from the Amazon Basin of northeastern Perú

Une nouvelle et grande espece de chauve-souris du genre Thyroptera Spix, sympatrique de Thyroptera tricolor Spix, est nommee et decrite du departement de Loreto, Perou. Les caracteres morphologiques qui separent la nouvelle espece des especes de Thyroptera actuellement reconnues sont presentes et les caracteres qui etaient utilises pour caracteriser les especes de ce genre sont discutes et evalues
Antimicrobial resistance of non-clinical Escherichia coli strains from chicken in Nsukka, South-east Nigeria

This study was carried out to determine resistance profiles of Escherichia coli strains isolated from clinically healthy chickens in Nsukka, southeast Nigeria. A total of 324 E. coli strains isolated from cloaca swabs from 390 chickens were tested against 16 antimicrobial agents using the disc diffusion method. The antibiotics used in the study were: ampicillin (25µg), amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (30µg), gentamicin (10µg), streptomycin (30µg), cefuroxime (20µg), cephalexin (10µg), nalidixic acid (30µg), ciprofloxacin (5µg), norfloxacin (10µg), ofloxacin (5µg), pefloxacin (5µg), tetracycline (30µg), chloramphenicol (10µg), cotrimoxazole (50µg), colistin (25µg) and nitrofurantoin (100µg). The strains demonstrated high rates of resistance (34.6% – 66.1%) to ampicillin, tetracycline, nitrofurantoin, cefuroxime and cotrimoxazole. None of the isolates was resistant to colistin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin. For each antimicrobial agent (except cephalexin), strains from the intensively reared chickens (layers and broilers) displayed higher resistance frequencies than those from the local birds. A total of 49 resistant patterns were recorded for the 228 strains resistant to at least one antimicrobial drug, with AmTeCoS and AmTeCfN being the predominant patterns. Because of the great variation in the drug resistance patterns of the Esherichia coli strains, use of antimicrobial agents in the management of E. coli infections in the study area should be based on results of sensitivity tests. Keywords: Antimicrobial, resistance, patterns, Escherichia coli, chicken.