Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the impact of large angle CMB polarization data on cosmological parameters

We study the impact of the large-angle CMB polarization datasets publicly released by the WMAP and Planck satellites on the estimation of cosmological parameters of the ΛCDM model. To complement large-angle polarization, we consider the high resolution (or "high-ℓ") CMB datasets from either WMAP or Planck as well as CMB lensing as traced by Planck's measured four point correlation function. In the case of WMAP, we compute the large-angle polarization likelihood starting over from low resolution frequency maps and their covariance matrices, and perform our own foreground mitigation technique, which includes as a possible alternative Planck 353 GHz data to trace polarized dust. We find that the latter choice induces a downward shift in the optical depth τ, roughly of order 2σ, robust to the choice of the complementary high resolution dataset. When the Planck 353 GHz is consistently used to minimize polarized dust emission, WMAP and Planck 70 GHz large-angle polarization data are in remarkable agreement: by combining them we find τ = 0.066 +0.012−0.013, again very stable against the particular choice for high-ℓ data. We find that the amplitude of primordial fluctuations As, notoriously degenerate with τ, is the parameter second most affected by the assumptions on polarized dust removal, but the other parameters are also affected, typically between 0.5 and 1σ. In particular, cleaning dust with Planck's 353 GHz data imposes a 1σ downward shift in the value of the Hubble constant H0, significantly contributing to the tension reported between CMB based and direct measurements of the present expansion rate. On the other hand, we find that the appearance of the so-called low ℓ anomaly, a well-known tension between the high- and low-resolution CMB anisotropy amplitude, is not significantly affected by the details of large-angle polarization, or by the particular high-ℓ dataset employed.
MODELING JET AND OUTFLOW FEEDBACK DURING STAR CLUSTER FORMATION

Powerful jets and outflows are launched from the protostellar disks around newborn stars. These outflows carry enough mass and momentum to transform the structure of their parent molecular cloud and to potentially control star formation itself. Despite their importance, we have not been able to fully quantify the impact of jets and outflows during the formation of a star cluster. The main problem lies in limited computing power. We would have to resolve the magnetic jet-launching mechanism close to the protostar and at the same time follow the evolution of a parsec-size cloud for a million years. Current computer power and codes fall orders of magnitude short of achieving this. In order to overcome this problem, we implement a subgrid-scale (SGS) model for launching jets and outflows, which demonstrably converges and reproduces the mass, linear and angular momentum transfer, and the speed of real jets, with ∼1000 times lower resolution than would be required without the SGS model. We apply the new SGS model to turbulent, magnetized star cluster formation and show that jets and outflows (1) eject about one-fourth of their parent molecular clump in high-speed jets, quickly reaching distances of more than a parsec, (2) reduce the star formation rate by about a factor of two, and (3) lead to the formation of ∼1.5 times as many stars compared to the no-outflow case. Most importantly, we find that jets and outflows reduce the average star mass by a factor of ∼ three and may thus be essential for understanding the characteristic mass of the stellar initial mass function.
Chemical mixing by turbulent convection in the overshooting region below the convective envelope of RGB stars

Based on the turbulent convection model (TCM), we investigate chemical mixing in the bottom overshooting region of the convective envelope of intermediate-mass stars, focusing on its influence on the formation and extension of blue loops in the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram. A diffusive mixing model is adopted during the Red Giant Branch (RGB) phase. The properties of the blue loop are changed by modification of the element profiles above the H-burning shell, which results from the incomplete mixing in the bottom overshooting region when the stellar model evolves up along the RGB. Such modification of the element profiles will lead to an increase of opacity in the region just above the H-burning shell and a decrease of opacity in the outer homogeneous convection zone, which will result in a quick decrease of the H-shell nuclear luminosity LH when the stellar model evolves from the RGB tip to its bottom and, finally, a much weaker and smaller convection zone will be obtained in the stellar envelope. This helps to form a longer blue loop. The extension of the blue loop is very sensitive to the parameters (CX and αTCM) of the diffusive mixing model and of the TCM. The results mainly show that: 1) comparing the results of the classical model with the mixing-length theory, the lengths of the obtained blue loops with different combinations of the values of CX and αTCM are all increased and the length of the blue loop increases with the values of parameters CX and αTCM; 2) the diffusive mixing model can significantly extend the time of stellar models lingering on the blue side of the HR diagram, even though the length of the blue loop for the 7M⊙ star has a less prominent difference between the classical and diffusive mixing model; 3) both the observations referring to the location of the Cepheid instability strip and the number ratio NB/NR of blue to red evolved stars in the Galactic open clusters can confine the two parameters in a range of 0.5 ≤ αTCM ≤ 0.9 and 10−5 ≤ CX ≤ 10−4 for the model of 5M⊙. However, for the case of the 7M⊙ star, there seems to be no such definite range to even only account for the observed number ratio NB/NR. In any case, our results based on the diffusive mixing model are on the whole in accordance with not only other theoretical ones but also the observations.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy-Chemoradiation for Borderline-Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A UK Tertiary Surgical Oncology Centre Series

Simple Summary Treatment of pancreatic cancer with chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy prior to surgery in patients where the tumour is in contact with major abdominal blood vessels improves the ability to completely resect the tumour. This, in turn, improves patient survival after surgery, demonstrating that this treatment strategy is appropriate for such tumours. Abstract Background: Patients with borderline-resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (BR-PDAC) have historically poor survival, even after curative pancreatic resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. Emerging evidence suggests that neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NCR) improves R0 resection rates in BR-PDAC patients. We evaluated the R0 resection rate, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in our patients who underwent NCR for BR-PDAC at our institution. Methods: All patients who underwent NCR for BR-PDAC from January 2010 to March 2020 were included in the study. The patients received a variety of NCR regimens during the study period, and in patients with radiological evidence of tumour stability or regression, pancreatic resection was performed. The primary endpoint was the OS, and the secondary endpoints included patient morbidity, the R0 resection rate, histological parameters and the DFS. Results: The study included 29 patients (16 men and 13 women), with a median age of 65 years (range 46–74 years). Of these 29 patients, 17 received FOLFIRINOX and 12 received gemcitabine (GEM)-based NCR regimens. All patients received chemoradiation at the end of chemotherapy (range 45–56 Gy). R0 resection was achieved in 75% of the patients, with a higher rate noted in the FOLFIRINOX group. The median DFS was 22 months for the whole cohort but higher in the FOLFIRINOX group (34 months). The median OS for the cohort was 29 months, with a higher median OS noted for the FOLFIRINOX cohort versus the GEM cohort (42 versus 28 months). Conclusion: NCR, particularly FOLFIRINOX-based treatment, for BR-PDAC results in higher rates of R0 resection and an increased median DFS and OS, supporting its continued use in this patient group.
Factors associated with childhood chronic malnutrition in West and Central Africa: a scoping review

Chronic malnutrition is a major public health concern that is the focus of a large body of scientific research. However, there is no synthesis of knowledge about the factors associated with this disease in West and Central Africa, where its prevalence is particularly high. We conducted a systematic search for scientific articles published between January 1st, 2000, and October 15th, 2020, that focus on chronic malnutrition in children in West and Central Africa. We queried CAIRN, PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for this purpose. The search process followed the recommendations of Arksey and O'Malley. Items reported in this review follow the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Sixty articles involving children from a total of twenty (20) countries, mainly Ghana and Nigeria, were included in the final analysis. The data used were predominantly cross-sectional and were mainly drawn from demographic and health surveys. The analysis revealed that chronic malnutrition in children is associated with sociocultural, economic, and healthcare factors related to the characteristics of children, mothers, households, and communities. The association with children's vulnerability to disease, maternal education, purchasing power, and autonomy need to be further investigated in West and Central Africa. Further analysis using longitudinal data is also needed to better understand the factors associated with chronic malnutrition in West and Central Africa.
Zonal Flows and Turbulence in Fluids and Plasmas

In geophysical and plasma contexts, zonal flows are well known to arise out of turbulence. We elucidate the transition from statistically homogeneous turbulence without zonal flows to statistically inhomogeneous turbulence with steady zonal flows. Starting from the Hasegawa--Mima equation, we employ both the quasilinear approximation and a statistical average, which retains a great deal of the qualitative behavior of the full system. Within the resulting framework known as CE2, we extend recent understanding of the symmetry-breaking `zonostrophic instability'. Zonostrophic instability can be understood in a very general way as the instability of some turbulent background spectrum to a zonally symmetric coherent mode. As a special case, the background spectrum can consist of only a single mode. We find that in this case the dispersion relation of zonostrophic instability from the CE2 formalism reduces exactly to that of the 4-mode truncation of generalized modulational instability. We then show that zonal flows constitute pattern formation amid a turbulent bath. Zonostrophic instability is an example of a Type I$_s$ instability of pattern-forming systems. The broken symmetry is statistical homogeneity. Near the bifurcation point, the slow dynamics of CE2 are governed by a well-known amplitude equation, the real Ginzburg-Landau equation. The important features of this amplitude equation, and therefore of the CE2 system, are multiple. First, the zonal flow wavelength is not unique. In an idealized, infinite system, there is a continuous band of zonal flow wavelengths that allow a nonlinear equilibrium. Second, of these wavelengths, only those within a smaller subband are stable. Unstable wavelengths must evolve to reach a stable wavelength; this process manifests as merging jets. These behaviors .
Revisiting a fundamental test of the disc instability model for X‐ray binaries

We revisit a core prediction of the disc instability model (DIM) applied to X-ray binaries. The model predicts the existence of a critical mass-transfer rate, which depends on disc size, separating transient and persistent systems. We therefore selected a sample of 52 persistent and transient neutron star and black hole X-ray binaries and verified if the observed persistent (transient) systems do lie in the appropriate stable (unstable) region of parameter space predicted by the model. We find that, despite the significant uncertainties inherent to these kinds of studies, the data are in very good agreement with the theoretical expectations. We then discuss some individual cases that do not clearly fit into this main conclusion. Finally, we introduce the transientness parameter as a measure of the activity of a source and show a clear trend of the average outburst recurrence time to decrease with transientness in agreement with the DIM predictions. We therefore conclude that, despite difficulties in reproducing the complex details of the light curves, the DIM succeeds in explaining the global behaviour of X-ray binaries averaged over a long enough period of time.
Remote and connected. Negotiating marginality in rural coworking spaces and “tiers-lieux” in France

Originally associated to big cities’ centres, coworking spaces and “tiers-lieux” (“third-places”) have been blooming in rural regions and small towns over the past five years. The development of those places has been critically supported by local and national authorities, with a growing interest from rural localities. Indeed, those places are supposed to provide answers to numerous contemporary territorial challenges, and to tackle several dimensions or rural vulnerability. They are supposed to enhance sustainability by reducing the need to commute and car-dependence, by bringing both workplaces and services closer from home. They are also mobilised to tackle the issue of the digital gap between centres and peripheries, providing digital infrastructures and hardware. Finally, they are supposed to reduce territorial inequalities by strengthening rural entrepreneurship, safeguarding local jobs, facilitating professional retraining and attract new residents by providing an easier access to telework. Conducted between 2017 and 2019 in the Auvergne-Rhˆone-Alpes region, our study provides some elements to evaluate the effects of those places on territorial vulnerability and marginality. Based on the study of 17 coworking spaces situated in rural areas, their funders’ trajectories and their users’ profiles, we discuss the motives and the expected returns of those places, and their actual potentialities and limits. In this article, we intend to shed light on the actual practices, uses and users of rural coworking spaces and third places, in order to question the territorial change they bring about from a demographical, sociological and territorial point of view. Interrogating the notion of marginality at the light of those places and their users, our study highlights the diversity of lifestyles in the rural areas. Coworkers display particular spatial anchorages, with local resources being valued, though combined
New 34CI proton-threshold states and the thermonuclear 33S(p,γ)34Cl rate in ONe novae

Analysis of presolar grains in primitive meteorites has shown isotopic ratios largely characteristic of the conditions thought to prevail in various astrophysical environments. A possible indicator for a grain of ONe nova origin is a large 33 S abundance: nucleosynthesis calculations predict as much as 150 times the solar abundance of 33 S in the ejecta of nova explosions on massive ONe white dwarfs. This overproduction factor may, however, vary by factors of at least 0.01-3 because of uncertainties of several orders of magnitude in the 33 S(p,γ) 34 Cl reaction rate at nova peak temperatures (T peak ~ 0.1-0.4 GK). These uncertainties arise due to the lack of nuclear physics information for states within ~600 keV of the 33 S + p threshold in 34 Cl (S p ( 34 Cl) = 5143 keV). To better constrain this rate we have measured, for the first time, the 34 S( 3 He,t) 34 Cl reaction over the region E x ( 34 CI) = 4.9-6 MeV. We confirm previous states and find 15 new states in this energy region. New 33 S(p,γ) 34 Cl resonances at E R = 281(2), 301(2), and 342(2) keV may dominate this rate at relevant nova temperatures. Our results could affect predictions of sulphur isotopic ratios in nova ejecta (e.g., 32 S/ 33 S) that may be used as diagnostic tools for the nova paternity of grains.
Meta-Analysis on the Anesthetic Effects of Remifentanil plus Dexmedetomidine versus Remifentanil Alone in Cardiac Surgery

In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the anesthesia effects of remifentanil plus dexmedetomidine versus remifentanil alone in cardiac surgery. Literature search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and other databases for relevant literature published in English or Chinese before October 2021. A total of 17 studies, consisting of 1350 patients, were included in this study. Of these, 10 studies showed that remifentanil plus dexmedetomidine had a good anesthesia effect in cardiac surgery (OR = 3.61, 95% CI: 1.73, 7.52, P < 0.001), and 8 studies showed that the Ramsay score test of anesthesia (SMD = 0.88; 95% CI: -0.77, 2.53; P < 0.001) in the experimental group was better than that in the control group. In addition, changes in the hemodynamic heart rate (SMD = −0.74; 95% CI: -1.41, -0.07; P < 0.001) and mean arterial pressure (SMD = −0.18; 95% CI: -0.72, 0.36; P < 0.001) of the two groups of anesthesia were counted in 17 studies, which also showed that the anesthesia effect of remifentanil plus dexmedetomidine was good. Thus, remifentanil plus dexmedetomidine may be a more promising option for cardiac surgery anesthesia than remifentanil alone.
Role of Testing Conditions in Formation of Tribological Layers at Line Contacts of Antifriction CF-Reinforced PI- and PEI-Based Composites

High-strength PI and PEI polymers differ by chemical structure and flexibility of the polymer chains that ensure lower cost and higher manufacturability of the latter. The choice of a particular polymer matrix is of actuality at design of antifriction composites on their basis. In this study, a comparative analysis of tribological behavior of PI and PEI- based composites was carried out with linear contact rubbing. The neat materials, as well as the two- and three-component composites reinforced with chopped carbon fibers, were investigated. The third components were typically used, but were different in nature (polymeric and crystalline) being solid lubricant fillers (PTFE, graphite and MoS2) with characteristic dimensions of several microns. The variable parameters were both load and sliding speed, as well as the counterface material. It was shown that an improvement of the tribological properties could be achieved by the tribological layer formation, which protected their wear track surfaces from the cutting and plowing effects of asperities on the surfaces of the metal and ceramic counterparts. The tribological layers were not formed in both neat polymers, while disperse hardening by fractured CF was responsible for the tribological layer formation in both two- and three component PI- and PEI-based composites. The effect of polymer matrix in tribological behavior was mostly evident in two-component composites (PI/CF, PEI/CF) over the entire P⋅V product range, while extra loading with Gr and MoS2 leveled the regularities of tribological layer formation, as well as the time variation in friction coefficients.
Non-lattice simulation of supersymmetric gauge theories as a probe to quantum black holes and strings

In the past decade we have witnessed remarkable developments in the gauge-gravity duality, which suggested a new approach to superstring theory and quantum space-time. In this context it is important to study supersymmetric large-N gauge theories in the strongly coupled regime. I will summarize the results and insights obtained so far by non-lattice simulations. A simple example of the gauge-gravity duality is the one between 1d U(N) gauge theory with 16 supercharges and the so-called black 0-brane solution in type IIA supergravity. In order for this duality to be valid, one has to take the 't Hooft large-N limit and to take the strong coupling limit on the gauge theory side. The gauge theory can be regularized by fixing the gauge completely thanks to one dimension, and by introducing a Fourier mode cutoff. One can then use the standard RHMC algorithm to simulate the system. The energy calculated as a function of the temperature was compared with the results obtained from the gravity side based on the black hole thermodynamics. This confirmed the gauge-gravity duality with high accuracy and provided the microscopic origin of the black hole thermodynamics. From the calculation of the Wilson loop, one obtains the Schwarzschild radius of the dual geometry. One can actually use the present 1d model with supersymmetric mass deformation to study \mathcal{N}=4 super Yang-Mills theory on R \times S^3 based on a novel large-N reduction, which generalizes the original idea of Eguchi and Kawai. It is remarkable that we can now simulate the 4d superconformal field theory, which appears in the most typical case of the gauge-gravity duality known as the AdS/CFT correspondence. In particular, no fine-tuning is required unlike previous proposals based on the lattice regularization.
CHROMOSPHERIC JET AND GROWING “LOOP” OBSERVED BY HINODE: NEW EVIDENCE OF FAN–SPINE MAGNETIC TOPOLOGY RESULTING FROM FLUX EMERGENCE

We present observations of a chromospheric jet and growing “loop” system that show new evidence of a fan–spine topology resulting from magnetic flux emergence. This event, occurring in an equatorial coronal hole on 2007 February 9, was observed by the Hinode Solar Optical Telescope in the Ca ii H line in unprecedented detail. The predecessor of the jet is a bundle of fine material threads that extend above the chromosphere and appear to rotate about the bundle axis at ∼50 km s−1 (period ≲200 s). These rotations or transverse oscillations propagate upward at velocities up to 786 km s−1. The bundle first slowly and then rapidly swings up, with the transition occurring at the onset of an A4.9 flare. A loop expands simultaneously in these two phases (velocity: 16–135 km s−1). Near the peak of the flare, the loop appears to rupture; simultaneous upward ejecta and mass downflows faster than free-fall appear in one of the loop legs. The material bundle then swings back in a whip-like manner and develops into a collimated jet, which is orientated along the inferred open-field lines with transverse oscillations continuing at slower rates. Some material falls back along smooth streamlines, showing no more oscillations. At low altitudes, the streamlines bifurcate at presumably a magnetic null point and bypass an inferred dome, depicting an inverted-Y geometry. These streamlines closely match in space the late Ca ii H loop and X-ray flare loop. These observations are consistent with the model that flux emergence in an open-field region leads to magnetic reconnection, forming a jet and fan–spine topology. We propose that the material bundle and collimated jet represent the outer spine in quasi-static and eruptive stages, respectively, and the growing loop is a two-dimensional projection of the three-dimensional fan surface.