Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study of marine slicks damping effect on Doppler spectra of backscattered echoes from rough sea surfaces

ABSTRACT Doppler spectrum of backscattered sea echoes from slick-covered sea surfaces is investigated in this paper, with emphasis on exploring the influence of marine sea slicks damping effect on Doppler spectral signatures including Doppler shift and spectral bandwidth. Model of local balance of wave energy inputs and outputs in wavenumber space is utilized for describing marine slicks damping effect, and the ‘choppy wave’ model is adopted for describing non-linear hydrodynamic interactions between ocean waves. The second-order small-slope approximation model combined with Monte Carlo technique is utilized for evaluating Doppler spectrum of backscattered field from clean or contaminated sea surfaces. Numerical simulations show that Doppler spectral bandwidths in slicks are reduced for almost all of the incidence angles ranging from to , which is qualitatively consistent with wave-tank measurements. The Doppler shifts in slicks, however, can increase or decrease, depending strongly on incidence angle, which is also in qualitative agreement with measurements. The Doppler spectrum of radar sea echoes is promising in the detection marine slicks by virtue of radar Doppler signatures.
Study of stereospecificity in pear and strawberry polyphenol oxidases

The stereospecificity in pear and strawberry polyphenol oxidases (PPO) is studied in this paper. For this purpose several enantiomorphs of o-diphenols were assayed: l-Dopa, dl-Dopa, d-Dopa; l-α-methyl-Dopa, dl-α-methyl-Dopa; l-isoproterenol and dl-isoproterenol. values obtained for the stereoisomers within each series of o-diphenol were the same. This lack of stereospecificity in the transformation steps of the catalytic mechanism could be explained on the basis of the nucleophilic power of each o-diphenol, which was related to δ3 and δ4 values. The effect of the nucleophilic power of each o-diphenol and the different sizes of the side substituents could explain the different values observed for different o-diphenols. However, values were lower for l-isomers than those for d-isomers, which revealed the existence of stereospecificity in the affinity of PPO toward its substrates. The kinetic behaviors were interpreted in the light of a previously proposed reaction mechanism for the diphenolase activity of .
‘There is such a shelter in each other’: women looking for homes in Zadie Smith's White Teeth, On Beauty and NW

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the different ways in which home is experienced by the female characters of the diaspora in Zadie Smith's White Teeth (2000), On Beauty (2006) and NW (2013). In On Beauty, one of the characters declares: ‘There is such a shelter in each other’ (93). This implies that the sense of home may not be tied to a place, but to the intimacy of relationships. In these novels, Zadie Smith portrays women whose feelings of belonging to a place are threatened, due to their geographical displacements or to their complex transcultural identities. Using Deleuze and Guattari's concepts of territorialization and reterritorialization, I’ll explore how concepts of home and diaspora are reconfigured in Smith's novels.
Perceptions of and Behavior toward University Students with Autism

Abstract This study examined neurotypical university students’ (n = 116) perceptions of and behavior toward student confederates they believed to have autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or not. Confederates were labeled by membership in an ASD student organization, behavior stereotypical of ASD, both, or neither. Perceptions of the confederate, verbal and non-verbal behavior toward the confederate, and explicit and implicit attitudes toward individuals with autism were measured. Confederates depicting ASD behaviors were perceived more negatively than confederates who depicted neurotypical behaviors. Participants smiled less at confederates who depicted ASD behaviors than those who did not. Explicit attitudes toward autism were not associated with verbal or non-verbal behavior while implicit attitudes predicted some non-verbal behavior but only in specific combinations of labels and behavior.
THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY ON THE OSMOTIC COMPOSITION OF THE SOUTHERN OYSTER DRILL, THAIS HAEMASTOMA

Temperature and salinity are two of the most important physical factors affect ing estuarine organisms. In niost studies on the effects of physical variables on estuarine organisnus, all factors but one have been rigorously controlled and kept constant. Kinne ( 1971 ) argues that nuultifactorial experiments measuring the effects of two or more environnuental factors acting in concert are necessary to understand the functioning of estuarine organisms under natural conditions. Most previous work on the effects of tenuperature and salinity on osmoregulation of marine and estuarine invertebrates has been done using osmoregulating crusta ceans (Verwey, 1957 ; Lockwood, 1960 ; Dehnel, 1962 ; Todd, 1963 ; Dehnel and Carefoot, 1965 ; Taylor et ci., 1977) . These workers and others have found that most euryhaline invertebrates studied exhibit greater osmoregulatory capabilities in the lower portions of their normal temperature ranges (see Kinne, 1970, 1971, for review). Many workers have investigated the effects of salinity on the blood solute concentrations of various molluscs, but the possible interaction of salinity and temperature on osmotic and ionic regulation in molluscs has not been studied thoroughly. The present study had two objectives : 1) to investigate the inter action of tenuperature and salinity on the osnuotic composition of an osmo conforming marine gastropod Thais haenzastonza and 2) to investigate the effects of long-term salinity fluctuations on this snail. Hemolymph osmolality and con centrations of Na4, K4, Mg24, and Cl under constant and fluctuating salinity were nueasured at 10Â°,20Â°, and 30Â°C. In addition, percent tissue water and the level of ninhydrin positive substances ( NPS ) in the foot tissue were determined.
DIGITAL CRANIAL ENDOCAST OF PUCADELPHYS ANDINUS, A PALEOCENE METATHERIAN

Abstract A digital cranial endocast of Pucadelphys andinus, a Paleocene metatherian from Bolivia, is described. This is the first cranial endocast described for the taxon and the only one (to date) from a stem marsupial (i.e., non-marsupial metatherian). The Pucadelphys endocast is compared with others generated from skulls from six taxa of extant marsupials (Monodelphis domestica, Didelphis virginiana, Dasyurus hallucatus, Vombatus ursinus, Phascolarctos cinereus, and Dromiciops australis). The Pucadelphys endocast is generally similar to the didelphid marsupial Monodelphis. However, the olfactory bulb casts and the cerebellar space (approximated using vermis cast length) of Pucadelphys are relatively large in comparison to those of these extant marsupials. The cerebral hemisphere casts of Pucadelphys are dorsoventrally thin in comparison to those of the extant marsupials examined here. With other dimensions of the cerebral hemisphere casts being comparable between Pucadelphys and the extant marsupials, this suggests that the overall volume of the cerebral hemispheres was smaller in Pucadelphys. Thus, two possible synapomorphies for crown Marsupialia are a decrease in size of the cerebellar space and an increase in cerebral hemisphere volume.
Transgenic Phalaenopsis plants with resistance to Erwinia carotovora produced by introducing wasabi defensin gene using Agrobacterium method

Transgenic plants over-expressing wasabi defensin gene were successfully produced in Phalaenopsis orchid by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. Embryogenic cell suspension culture of Phalaenopsis Wataboushi '#6.13' was infected with A. tumefaciens strain EHA101 carrying a plasmid containing wasabi defensin gene and selectable marker nptII, hpt genes. Plantlets were regenerated through somatic embryogenesis from the calli selected on hygromycin- containing medium. Transformation of plantlets with wasabi defensin gene was confirmed by PCR analysis. Southern blot analysis confirmed successful integration of 1-4 copies of the gene. Production of the 5 kDa wasabi defensin protein with varying levels was confirmed in the leaf extracts of different transgenic clones using Western blot analysis. Most of the transgenic plants showed strong resistance to Erwinia carotovora, which causes soft rot disease in the control plant. These results suggest the usefulness of this gene for conferring the resistance to various diseases of Phalaenopsis and possibly other orchids.
Supercooled dynamics of glass-forming liquids and polymers under hydrostatic pressure

An intriguing problem in condensed matter physics is understanding the glass transition, in particular the dynamics in the equilibrium liquid close to vitrification. Recent advances have been made by using hydrostatic pressure as an experimental variable. These results are reviewed, with an emphasis in the insight provided into the mechanisms underlying the relaxation properties of glass-forming liquids and polymers.
Changes in migratory fish communities and their health, hydrology, and water chemistry in rivers of the Athabasca oil sands region: a review of historical and current data

The long-lived migratory fish in the lower Athabasca region (including the Athabasca oil sands region) are valued ecosystem components and good bio-indicators of changes in habitat condition, water quality and quantity over the entire stream network. Changes in this region may have been caused by a variety of human activities including oil sands development, forestry, urban development, and recreational activities. We reviewed existing data to examine whether community composition and health of migratory fish (such as northern pike, walleye, and suckers) in the lower Athabasca region have changed over the past 40 years and whether these could be explained by changes in hydrology or water chemistry. Declines of 53%–100% in the abundance of three migratory fish species were detected in the Muskeg watershed (15% land change). Significant changes in fish health were detected. The largest decreases in body condition of fish in the region occurred in the late 1990s and coincided with elevated levels of fin eros.
Cytogenetic studies on some synthetic steroids in relation to human lymphocyte chromosomes

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Hybridization in Australian Freshwater Crayfish—Production of All‐Male Progeny

Abstract. — In freshwater crayfish aquaculture high densities can result from uncontrolled reproduction. Hence some farmers manually sex yabbies Cherax albidus and stock only mate crayfish in farm dams or ponds. Although male-only yabby populations produce an estimated 70% increase in gross income, hand sexing is time consuming and prone to error. A hybridization experiment using freshwater crayfish from the yabby species complex, collected from geographically isolated regions throughout Australia, revealed a hybrid between Cherax rotundus females and C. albidus males which consistently produces only male progeny. This has been confirmed in nine crosses of the same two species. The reciprocal cross of C. albidus females ×C. rotundus males produces both male and female progeny. The consistent production of only male progeny by hybridization has not been recorded previously for a crustacean.
DETECCIÓN MOLECULAR DE VIRUS EN MATERIAL DE SIEMBRA DE TOMATE DE ÁRBOL EN COLOMBIA

La virosis del tomate de arbol en Colombia es causada por un complejo de al menos siete virus, que incluyen miembros de los generos Potyvirus, Cucumovirus, Polerovirus y Tobamovirus, entre otros. La propagacion de este frutal se realiza por semilla sexual, por lo cual es fundamental garantizar su sanidad, especialmente de virus como PVY y PLRV, que han sido informados y pueden ser transmitidos por esta via. En la investigacion se realizaron los analisis filogeneticos de aislados de PVY y PLRV obtenidos a partir de muestras de semilla sexual y plantulas de vivero de tomate de arbol procedentes de diferentes regiones de Colombia. Tambien se desarrollaron tecnicas de hibridizacion molecular con sondas dirigidas al gen de la capside, como herramientas de diagnostico para el genero Potyvirus y la especie PLRV. El analisis filogenetico de secuencias para PVY, agrupo los aislados de plantas de vivero con aquellas informadas en tejido foliar de plantas adultas, no asociandose con ninguno de los grupos que representan las razas conocidas de PVY. En el caso de PLRV, los aislados secuenciados se asociaron indistintamente con los obtenidos de cultivos de papa en diferentes paises. La tecnica de dot-blot presento niveles de deteccion muy similares a pruebas de ELISA, pero no asi la metodologia de tissue-printing, que detecto un 15% menos de las muestras que resultaron positivas mediante ELISA. Este trabajo evidencia la necesidad del desarrollo de programas de certificacion de semilla para este frutal en latinoamerica.
Letter to the editor

The article by Dalólio et al. contains several severe false and misleading quotations resulting in erroneous findings and conclusions. In particular, it claims that according to Lemme et al. (2002) ‘MHA-FA has approximately 100% bio-equivalency compared to DLMet’ (MHA-FA: methionine hydroxy analogue-free acid; DL-Met: DL-methionine). However, Lemme et al. (2002) in fact concluded that 'the average relative effectiveness of liquid MHA-FA compared to DL-Met was 62% . ' being in line with several similar studies (e.g. Hoehler et al., 2005; Elwert, De Abreu Fernandes, and Lemme 2008; Naranjo et al., 2018). All aforementioned papers validated the methodology according to Littell et al. (1997) by including an internal standard. Moreover, meta-analyses conducted by Jansman, Kan, andWiebenga (2003) and Sauer et al. (2008) concluded that the relative bioavailability of liquid MHA-FA was significantly lower than that of DL-Met. Most recently, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA, 2018) confirmed that ‘there is convincing evidence that methionine hydroxy analogue products, on an equimolar/isosulfurous basis, have a significant lower bioefficacy than DL-methionine (75% vs. 100%)’. Dálolio et al. considered a very limited set of publications. Dalólio et al. remarkably ignored research conducted in Brazil and even at their own university. Rostagno and Barbosa (1995) conducted a trial with methionine sources in broilers under heat stress conditions and reported an average bioavailability of 75% for liquid MHA-FA in an equimolar comparison. A further study by Rostagno was published in Payne et al. (2006) which was also reported by Tarcio Dos Santos Viana et al. (2009) in Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. Elwert et al. (2008) reported a trial conducted at the Federal University of Uberlandia, Brazil. Finally, recent trials by Soares et al. (2016), Goes et al. (2017) and Murakami et al. (2017) are further examples for research on methionine sources in Brazil consistently reporting a low relative bioavailability of about 65% on product level. Dalólio et al. referred to Drew, Van Kessel and Maenz (2003) who suggested that availability ofmethionine sources is affected by intestinalmicrobial activity, but ignored theirmain conclusion that especially the methionine hydroxy analogue is degraded by intestinal microbiota in chicken in contrast to methionine. The paper by Maenz and Engele-Schaan (1996a, 1996b) concluding that ambient temperature – the main focus of the article by Dalólio et al., (2019) – does not affect absorption kinetics of methionine sources was not considered by Dalólio et al., (2019) as well as that by Mitchell and Lemme (2008) coming to a similar conclusion. Further references on physiology can easily be found by a simple literature research. https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2020. 1713442
Systematic revision of endemic southern African genera of Bolboceratinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Bolboceratidae)

Eight genera of Bolboceratinae, geographically restricted to southern Africa, are revised. Six genera are recognized: Prototrupes Krikken, Namibiotrupes Krikken, Namibiobolbus Krikken, Meridiobolbus Krikken, Bolboceroides Vulcano et al. and Bolboceratex Krikken. Bolboceratellus Krikken is synonymized with Namibiotrupes while Bolbodius Krikken is synonymized with Bolboceratex. Five new species, Namibiobolbus helgae, Meridiobolbus natalensis, Bolboceratex vanwyki, Bolboceratex holmi and Bolboceratex jouberti are described, two species, Meridiobolbus hebes (Péringuey) and Bolboceratex indubius (Péringuey), are synonymized, one species is reinstated, and eight lecto-and 26 paralectotypes are designated. Descriptions and keys are provided for all genera and species, as well as distribution maps and numerous illustrations for all species.
Levels of Luteinizing Hormone, Estradiol and Progesterone in Serum During the Estrous Cycle and Pregnancy in the Beagle Bitch 1

Summary Levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol-17/3 and progesterone were determined by specific radioimmunoassays in sera obtained from Beagle bitches during proestrus, estrus and diestrus. Concentrations of LH (expressed as NIH-LH-S1 equivalents) were: 2.8 ± 0.1 ng/ml in proestrus, 35.5 ± 10.0 ng/ml during early estrus and 2.2 ±0.1 ng/ml in early diestrus. Peak levels of estradiol-17/3 (68.9 ±11.0 ng/ml) were detected 24 hr prior to the LH peak, declined rapidly and reached basal levels (17.8 ± 6.3 ng/ml) by five days following the LH peak. Levels of progesterone were 1.7 ± 0.3 ng/ml during proestrus, 3.5 ± 0.3 ng/ml during early estrus and 23.3 ±2.8 ng/ml on day 5 after the LH peak. Progesterone levels remained elevated through day 28 of diestrus and pregnancy. A significant decrease (P < 0.05) in levels of progesterone occurred between day 28 of pregnancy and one day prior to whelping (3.3 ± 1.2 ng/ml), with a further decrease on the day of whelping (1.1 ± 0.2 ng/ml). Levels of estradiol-17β and LH did not change significantly (P > 0.05) during diestrus or pregnancy.
Reduced abundance of late-successional trees but not of seedlings in heavily compared with lightly logged sites of three East African tropical forests

Abstract: Logged forests form an increasingly large proportion of tropical landscapes but disproportionately few studies have studied the impact of forest disturbance, e.g. lightly vs. heavily logged, on tree and seedling communities simultaneously. We sampled all trees (on 1 ha) and all recently germinated seedlings (on 90 m2) in three lightly and three heavily logged sites in each of the following three East African tropical forests: Budongo Forest and Mabira Forest in Uganda and Kakamega Forest in Kenya. We analysed species richness, diversity, abundance and community composition of late- and early-successional trees and seedlings. We recorded no difference in species richness or diversity of late-successional or early-successional trees between lightly and heavily logged sites. However, the abundance of late-successional species was lower in heavily than lightly logged sites. Moreover, there was no difference in species richness or diversity of trees among the three forests. Yet, abundances of late-successional trees were higher in Budongo Forest than in Mabira Forest and Kakamega Forest. Species richness, diversity and abundance of seedlings did not differ between lightly and heavily logged sites. Only the abundance of seedlings of late-successional species differed among the forests with more individuals in Budongo Forest than in Mabira Forest. This was corroborated by non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) showing clear differences in composition of tree and seedling communities among the three forests. Thus, both, the tree and seedling communities differed significantly among the three forests but not between lightly and heavily logged sites.
Gene Flow and Introgression from Domesticated Plants into Their Wild Relatives

▪ Abstract Domesticated plant taxa cannot be regarded as evolutionarily discrete from their wild relatives. Most domesticated plant taxa mate with wild relatives somewhere in the world, and gene flow from crop taxa may have a substantial impact on the evolution of wild populations. In a literature review of the world's 13 most important food crops, we show that 12 of these crops hybridize with wild relatives in some part of their agricultural distribution. We use population genetic theory to predict the evolutionary consequences of gene flow from crops to wild plants and discuss two applied consequences of crop-to-wild gene flow–the evolution of aggressive weeds and the extinction of rare species. We suggest ways of assessing the likelihood of hybridization, introgression, and the potential for undesirable gene flow from crops into weeds or rare species.
Metabolic Challenges: Past, Present, and Future

Abstract Metabolic disorders have been recognized for 50 yr, and yet most still affect the poultry industry. Before 1950, several disorders as described in the literature were most likely because of incomplete knowledge regarding requirements for certain vitamins and some trace elements. The first classical description of a metabolic disorder was that of cage layer fatigue, recognized in 1955. Since that time, some 15 to 20 disorders have been documented, and with few notable exceptions, none have been completely eliminated. Metabolic disorders can be categorized as chronic, which usually affect a small percentage of a flock, and acute, which invariably involve more birds but is sporadic in occurrence. When of sufficient economic significance, it may be possible to reduce the effect of a certain disorder by genetic selection. In the future, for both meat birds and layers, it is predicted that disorders related to skeletal integrity will pose limits to ever-increasing production efficiency.
The Role of Ceftazidime as a Photosensitizer in Human Erythrocytes Through Oxidative Stress Mechanism

BACKGROUND: Ceftazidime was known to cause photosensitization reactions. However, how it plays the role remained unclear. In our study, we aim to investigate the photosensitization effect of ceftazidime in erythrocytes via oxidative stress.METHODS: Samples were divided into six different groups: negative control group, positive control group and four experimental groups with 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% ceftazidime, respectively. The positive control and experimental groups were exposed to ultraviolet (UV)-light for 2 hours. Superoxide radical, malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl compounds (CC) and methemoglobin (Met-Hb) levels were then measured.RESULTS: The results showed a significant increased of superoxide radical, MDA, CC and Met-Hb levels in all experimental groups compared to both negative or positive control groups (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our study confirmed the role of ceftazidime as a photosensitizer in erythrocytes via the oxidative stress mechanisms.KEYWORDS: ceftazidime, oxidative stress, photosensitizer, photosensitization.