Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Some Biopesticides against Helicoverpa Armigera (Hubner) in Pigeonpea under Natural Condition

The field experiments on efficacy of some biopesticides against H. armigera on pigeonpea under field condition was carried out in the experimental field of department of Entomology at International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Hyderabad, during 2016-2017 and 2017-2018.These studies revealed Spinosad 45 SC treatment as the most effective against H. armigera. Lower larval population of H. armigera was observed when crop was treated with consortia of biopesticides which was at par with neem fruit powder followed by HaNPV. The treatment of Spinosad 45 SC was found significantly superior, recording lower pod and seed damage by H. armigera (6.82 %) followed by consortia (37.95%) and neem fruit powder (39.77%). The highest yield was (1359 kg/ha) recorded in Spinosad 45 SC followed by Streptomyces sp. (SAI-25) (762 kg/ha).
Determinants of Neonatal and Under-five Mortality in Kenya: Do Antenatal and Skilled Delivery Care Services Matter?

Kenya lags behind its East Africa partners in reducing childhood mortality. Childhood mortality can be prevented or reduced if women have access to quality care during conception, pregnancy, and in intra-partum and post-natal periods. In Kenya, few women use adequate antenatal care services and many still deliver at home. Using the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey data, this study investigates the effects of adequate use of antenatal and skilled delivery care services on neonatal and under-five mortality. Two-stage residual inclusion and control function approaches are used. The main finding is that adequate antenatal care and skilled assistance during delivery reduce neonatal and under-five mortality. Thus, policies that promote use of maternal health services such as increasing women's education and reducing average distances to health facilities should be implemented.
Mapping public order offenses: a study of the spatial distribution of perceived risk intensity in the city of Krakow, Poland

ABSTRACT The article presents a new quantitative approach to studying the feeling of safety and risk perception and proposes a new method for determining the intensity of this phenomenon based on data from the National Safety Risk Map in Krakow. The quantitative methods used for data analysis enabled the authors to identify a clustered process in their research, as well as to locate clusters and to perform data generalization. Based on ungeneralized and generalized data obtained through kernel density estimation, the authors determined the density distribution for two categories of offense (acts of vandalism and alcohol consumption in prohibited places) in Krakow. The final stage of the analysis involved estimating the degree of perceived risk associated with public order offenses which the authors defined using the Perceived Risk Intensity Coefficient (Ipr). This coefficient was calculated as the ratio of ungeneralized density distribution to generalized distribution. As a result, the authors identified those areas where the Ipr coefficient was highest, i.e. those places in which local residents’ threat perception was most intense.
Impact of Aerosols From Urban and Shipping Emission Sources on Terrestrial Carbon Uptake and Evapotranspiration: A Case Study in East Asia

This study quantifies the immediate influences of aerosols from urban anthropogenic and shipping emission sources on carbon and water fluxes in East Asia on a cloudy day in spring 2016 when strong regional pollution transport occurred and intensive field campaign measurements are available. Within National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Land Information System (LIS), a long‐term offline Noah‐multiparameterization (MP) simulation with dynamic vegetation is performed. Modeled soil moisture and leaf area index are evaluated with satellite observations to ensure that land surface conditions are moderately well reproduced. The LIS output is then used to initialize several coupled NASA‐Unified Weather Research and Forecasting model simulations with online chemistry in which urban anthropogenic and shipping emissions are (1) largely based on the Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution Phase 2 inventory for 2010, (2) reduced by 20% and 50% for all chemical species, and (3) adjusted only for nitrogen oxides (NOx) using satellite observations. Overall, modeled gross primary productivity and evapotranspiration almost linearly increase with the all‐species emission reductions, but their responses to emission‐induced aerosol optical depth (AOD) changes show strong spatial variability resulting from combined radiation and temperature impacts. Using satellite‐observation‐constrained NOx emissions, modeled nitrogen species and AOD better match various measurements at some locations/times. All‐species and NOx‐only emission adjustments lead to different gross primary productivity and evapotranspiration changes with AOD, especially over South Korea. This study demonstrates the importance of accurately quantifying emission impacts on atmosphere‐biosphere interactions. Improving more species' emission inputs for Earth system models, including applying effective chemical data assimilation methods, is strongly encouraged.
Remote sensing of water turbidity in the Eastern China Seas from Geostationary Ocean Colour Imager

ABSTRACT Water turbidity plays an important role in marine biogeochemical processes and ecosystem. Remote sensing of water turbidity in the Eastern China Seas is still a challenging task due to its large variations spanning more than three orders from coastal highly turbid waters to offshore clear waters. Thus, this study developed a new blended remote sensing algorithm for accurately estimating water turbidity in the whole Eastern China Seas from Geostationary Ocean Colour Imager (GOCI). The general idea of the new blended algorithm is to combine the band forms with the best abilities for deriving water turbidity in turbid waters and relatively clear waters, respectively. Evaluations based on field data showed a good performance of the new blended algorithm with values of the determination coefficient (R2), root-mean-square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean relative error (MRE) of 0.884, 47.96 NTU, 29.59 and 48.13%, respectively. The proposed algorithm was applied to the GOCI data of 2015; and large spatiotemporal variations of water turbidity in the Eastern China Seas were observed. High values of water turbidity were observed in winter for both coastal and offshore waters, whereas the lowest values were observed in summer. Sediment resuspension drove by wind and tidal forcing, and sediment transportation related to current might be responsible for spatiotemporal variations of water turbidity, while the detailed study is required for further investigations. Overall, this study provides a technological basis which can be used to understand the variation patterns of water turbidity in the Eastern China Seas from GOCI satellite measurements.
Evolutionary dynamics of Chinese tourism market extremely low-priced strategies based on wright-fisher processes

Extremely low-priced of package tours is an important cause of Chinese tourism market price disorder. Regulating the price of package tours in Chinese tourism market, can solve the problem of Chinese tourism market price disorder. In order to research the reason of extremely low package tours price, consider the stochastic dynamics of N homogeneous mixed travel agency pricing strategies, and each travel agency could choose Extremely low-pricing or regular pricing. Based on Wright-Fisher processes, we obtain the dominant strategy of Extremely low-pricing and regular pricing under the weak selectivity in the package tours price setting, when the travel agency groups are finite. And then further verify these conditions by numerical simulation. The simulation shows that the Price elasticity of tourism demand, the transparency of the tourism market and the degree of government supervision strength have important effects on the stochastic evolution of package tours price setting. Reducing the demand elasticity of tourism market, increasing the transparency of the tourism market and the degree of government supervision strength can make travel agency choose regular pricing and solve chaotic of Chinese tourism market further. Therefore, this paper puts the suggestion of “two increases and one decrease” for the development of Chinese tourism market.
Age of attainment of menarche and factors affecting it amongst school girls of Gangtok, Sikkim, India

The age at menarche considered as a marker of attainment of reproductive maturity in females has important implications on women’s health. Various factors have been postulated to affect the age of menarche like nutritional status, socioeconomic status, diet, environment, sibling-ship, hereditary and genetic factors, religion, ethnicity, psychological stress, migration and chronic illness with opinions both supporting and rejecting it.
Determining a Diagnostic Cut-Off on Fluorescence Polarization Assay (FPA) for Bovine Brucellosis in Carchi, Ecuador

Serology is the foundation of any brucellosis control and eradication program worldwide, thus it is important to define accuracy diagnostics assays and cut-off of those assays, due to variations from country to country and even among specific areas in the country. The variation of cutoff values depended on: prevalence of disease, vaccination status, animal management, and control and eradication programs. Therefore, a cut-off for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis through fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) in Carchi—Ecuador was determined. The survey has been carried out in Carchi province of Ecuador, who is considered a province of high prevalence of brucellosis and the vaccination status is unknown due to the lack of registers. Sera samples (n = 200) were obtained from individual cows from randomly selected herds. Blood sera were tested through Fluoresce Polarization Assay (FPA) and competitive enzyme-linked inmunosorbent assay (cELISA) as confirmatory test, and then receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was done. The sensitivity and specificity values of FPA were 88.7% and 92.50% respectively using a cut-off of 89.90 mP. Moreover, the area under the curve showed that 92.2% is the probability accuracy of the test. The advantage of the FPA is that it is a test with good characteristics of sensitivity and specificity as well as a simple and quick test.
Urbanization, Ethnic Diversity, and Language Shift in Indonesia

Cross-nationally, urbanization is associated with the decline of minority languages and a shift towards national and official languages. But the mechanisms that link urbanization with language shift remain poorly understood. We use administrative data from Indonesia — a large, ethnically and linguistically diverse, rapidly urbanizing country — to examine how ethnic diversity shapes language shift in the context of urbanization. We find that in ethnically homogenous regions, urbanization has no relationship with language shift. By contrast, ethnic diversity is consistently associated with a greater probability of speaking Indonesian both among urban and rural Indonesians and in urban and rural areas. These findings have important implications for research on language shift and linguistic vitality in diverse, urbanizing societies.
Auxiliary Will in English and its Serbian Equivalents

This study seeks to investigate auxiliary will from an English – Serbian contrastive perspective. It aims to: 1) identify the translation equivalents (TEs) of will in Serbian and reach conclusions about similarities and differences between the two languages, and 2) observe and discuss the nature of Serbian counterparts. A unilateral contrastive analysis was carried out on the sentential corpus comprising the excerpts from two acclaimed English novels and their published Serbian translations. The TEs of epistemic will and dynamic will are discussed concerning semantic peculiarities surfacing in translation. Specifically, the type of a modal meaning, non-factuality, and the speaker’s commitment to the realisation of the situation referred to are pointed out.
Mechanics and Evolution of Unsteady Flight Maneuvers in Bats

2 Introduction . 3 Methods . 4 Results . 9 Discussion . 11 References . 18 Chapter 2 . 32 Abstract . 33. 33 Introduction . 34 Methods . 35 Results . 39 Discussion . 41 Conclusions . 47 xxii References . 48 Chapter 3 . 59 Abstract . 60. 60 Introduction . 61 Methods . 64 Results . 68 Discussion . 70 References . 76 Chapter 4 . 87 Abstract . 88. 88 Introduction . 89 Methods . 92 Results . 95 Discussion . 99 Conclusions . 108 References . 109
Responses of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Varieties to NPS Fertilizer Rates at Bako, Western Ethiopia

Soybean (Glycine max. L) is among the most important legume crops produced in western Ethiopia. However, declining soil fertility and poor soil fertility management practices decrease yields. A field experiment was conducted in Bako Agricultural Research center during 2018 main cropping season to investigate the effect of NPS rates on yield and yield components of soybean varieties and to identify economically feasible rates of blended NPS rate that increase the productivity. Dhidhessa, Ethio-yugoslavia and Wello of soybean varieties and five rates of NPS (0, 50,100,150 and 200 kg ha-1). The experiment was laid out in arrangement in RCBD with three replications. The highest hundred seed weight (16.9g) was recorded from Ethio-yugoslavia and the lowest (15g) from Wello. Significant effect was exhibited on days to 50% flower, above ground biomass yield and seed yield due to main effects of NPS rate. The highest (55.78) and the lowest (53.78) numbers of days to flowering were recorded due to application of 200 kg NPS ha-1 and 0 kg NPS ha-1, respectively. The tallest (81.63cm) and the shortest (65.60 cm) plants were recorded under 200 kg NPS ha-1 and 0 kg NPS ha-1, respectively. The highest (8718 kg ha-1) above ground dry mass was obtained at the highest rate of 200 kg NPS ha-1 and the lowest (6910 kg ha-1) was due to 0 kg NPS ha-1. The highest (2763 kgha-1) seed yield was recorded from the application of 100 kgha-1 NPS rate and the lowest (1935kgha-1) seed yield was recorded from nil application of NPS fertilizer rate. The best combination with high grain yield and economic benefit is 100kgha-1 NPS fertilizer rate with Didhessa Variety. The major measured parameters contributing for grain yield were above ground biomass, number of pod per plant and no of primary branch per plant. This experiment generally confirmed as 100kgha-1 NPS for soybean was appropriate. This trial was conducted at strong acid soil, these it is expected as the plants might not have access to use the applied fertilizer and if it was conducted with lime application the responses might be changed. Thus, it can be concluded that combined application of 100 kg ha-1 of blended NPS with Dhidhessa variety could be used at similar agro ecology. However, since the study was conducted for one season at one location, it has to be repeated over seasons and locations to make a conclusive recommendation.
Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Children 0 – 24 Months in Calabar South L. G. A. of Cross River State, Nigeria

Diarrhea continues to be the scourge of children across the world especially in developing countries like Nigeria. Despite efforts by World Health Organization and other agencies, much work still remain to be done in combating diarrheal diseases caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the and in five in this study. Socio-demograhpic factors such as age, sex, weaning practices and parents’ occupation/educational level were obtained using structured questionnaires. Stool samples were examined macroscopically and microscopically, and stool culture was done using MacConkey agar and Sobitol MacConkey agar. Antibiotics sensitivity and serology tests were carried out. E. coli O157:H7 was identified in 14(9.33%) out of the 150 stool samples examined. The highest number of isolates was recovered from the 6 – 12 months age group having 9 (64.29%) in total. No isolates were recovered from the age group 0 – 5 months or from exclusively breastfeed infants. However, 5 (7.35%) isolates were recovered from infants that received mixed feeding while 9 (27.27%) from infants who received no breastfeeding (P > 0.05). Of the isolates, 12 (85.71%) were sensitive to amoxicillin, 10 (71.43%) to pefloxacin, 8 (57.14%) to gentamicin, 17 (73.91%) to sporfloxacin, 16 (69.57%) to ciprofloxacin and 7 (50.00%) to ampiclox, 4 (28.57%) were sensitive to zinacef and rocephin while only 2 (14.29%) were sensitive to streptomycin and septrin. No isolates were sensitive to erythromycin. E. coli O157:H7 is an important bacterial agent in infantile diarrhea. Improvement in nutritional status, weaning practices, socioeconomic status and personal hygiene will lead to a reduction in the spread and incidence of diarrhea due to bacterial agents (pathogens), especially E. coli O157:H7 .
Deciphering regulatory networks in the mouse genome

Regardless of all the major achievements in the field of genomics and in depth studies of the protein-coding genes, our knowledge about non-coding regions and their contribution in diseases remains incomplete. Large scale projects such as the ENCODE have produced a wealth of sequencing data which can be utilised to study epigenetic features associated with gene regulation. These studies have comprehensively identified regulatory elements such as enhancers in the human genome, but numerous questions still remain on their effect on gene function and disease causation. The aim of this thesis is to identify enhancer regulatory networks in the mouse genome and investigate their effect on mouse models of human diseases. In order to study enhancer regulation, I have taken two approaches. First, I have produced a catalogue of well-defined multiple enhancer types in a diverse range of mouse tissues and cell-types. By systematically comparing different enhancer types, I found that super- and typical-enhancers have different effect on gene expression, but both are preferentially associated with relevant tissue-type phenotypes. Also genes associated with super- and typical-enhancers exhibit no difference in phenotype effect size or pleiotropy. Second, by utilising publicly available regulatory annotations, my enhancer catalogue and omics data, I have investigated regulatory mechanisms associated with metabolic and circadian mouse models. Here I identified novel regulatory networks or enhancers or transcription factor binding sites pertaining to the mutant mice. In conclusion, my research has shown the usefulness of integrating enhancer annotations with an array of molecular data and has for the first time shown how different enhancer architectures influence gene function in the mouse genome. This study provides a valuable dataset to further characterise the mechanisms of gene regulation by enhancers in the mouse genome.
Assessment of Consumer Perceptions in Ankara (Turkey) Toward Herbal Medicinal Products: A Survey Analysis in the Etimesgut District

Objective: In the current study, we analyzed a survey on herbal medicinal product (HMP) use among 250 Turkish participants to provide an insight into how consumers have been considering and using non-prescription herbal medicines. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 250 consumers (56% males and 44% females) who had visited pharmacies in 2011 in Etimesgut (Ankara) was conducted. The findings were comparatively interpreted through statistical analysis using independent variables, including gender, age, educational status, profession, monthly income, and habitation with the participant answers. Results: The results indicated that the participants trusted a physician’s recommendation to use HMPs. However, only 8.8% of the participants have found the pharmacists to be sufficient in directing toward HMP use. Besides, they have preferred traditional herbalists and the pharmacies at an equal rate for purchasing herbal medicines. Conclusion: This is the first survey study performed by a pharmacy faculty in Turkey aiming to determine the aptitude of people toward HMPs. The necessity to consult the role of pharmacists in the rational use of HMPs has been highlighted through the survey results.
Analysis of Inpatient Hospital Staff Mental Workload by Means of Discrete-event Simulation

Abstract : Many process improvement tools have been applied to the healthcare industry to improve safety and efficiency. However, nearly all of these tools have neglected to explicitly quantify mental workload of healthcare providers despite the consensus that it is related to human performance. This research uses the Improved Performance Research Integration Tool (IMPRINT), a discrete-event simulation (DES), to quantify mental workload. Specifically, this research examines staff members in an inpatient unit at the Wright-Patterson Medical Center to detect workload differences between staff, identify trends which lead to high workload demands, evaluate the influence of patient load on mental workload, and test a workload-leveling process improvement. Results from this study indicate workload differences between staff types and finds that task urgency and complexity play a role in the overloading of tasks. The relationship between predicted mental workload and increased patient load is mostly linear; however, the slopes are different between staff types, indicating that staff types are predicted to be affected unequally by increases in patient demand. Lastly, the task sharing process improvement provides mixed results; idle time and average workload become more balanced, but overload time becomes more unbalanced. Overall, this study demonstrates the usefulness of IMPRINT at evaluating medical systems.
Limit Theory for Forecasts of Extreme Distortion Risk Measures and Expectiles*

In general location-scale models for asset returns, we develop central limit theory for tail risk forecasts. We do so for a wide range of risk measures, viz. distortion risk measures and expectiles. Two popular members of the class of distortion risk measures are the Value-at-Risk and the Expected Shortfall. The estimators we consider are motivated by a Pareto-type tail assumption and allow for extrapolation beyond the range of available observations. Simulations reveal that the finite-sample distributions are adequately approximated by the asymptotic distributions. An empirical application demonstrates that in sufficiently large samples our estimators outperform non-parametric alternatives when forecasting extreme risk.