Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increased hippocampal efficiency is associated with greater headache frequency in adolescents with chronic headache

Abstract Adults with chronic headache have altered brain hippocampal efficiency networks. Less is known about the mechanisms underlying chronic headache in youth. In total, 29 youth with chronic headache (10–18 years), and 29 healthy, age- and sex-matched controls tracked their headache attacks daily for 1-month period. Following this, they underwent a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan and self-reported on their pubertal status, post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Graph-based topological analyses of brain networks, rendering hippocampal efficiency values were performed. T-tests were used to compare hippocampal efficiency metrics between patients and controls. Linear regression was used to examine significant hippocampal efficiency metrics in relation to headache frequency in patients, controlling for age, sex, pubertal status, post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Patients had higher right hippocampal global efficiency, shorter right hippocampal path length, and higher right hippocampal clustering coefficient compared to controls (P < 0.05). Higher right hippocampal global efficiency, shorter right hippocampal path length, and higher right hippocampal clustering coefficients were positively associated with greater headache frequency (P < 0.05). The hippocampus is largely involved in memory formation and retrieval, and this data provides additional support for previous findings demonstrating the importance of the hippocampus and pain memories for the chronification of pain.
Textbook praxeological-didactical analysis: Lessons learned from the Indonesian mathematics textbook

The objective of textbook study is to create high-quality textbooks. Analysis was done using a praxeological-didactical analysis (PDA) method. PDA offers space to analyze curriculum materials, such as math textbooks, which are the outcome of human action in the anthropology of a specific nation's society. There are 10 types of tasks given in the mathematics textbook on measurement of spatial figures and seven techniques are identified as possible ways to complete the tasks. The justification of praxis is that there are three emerging technologies and two theories that are used as the final direction of the given task type. There is a sequence of task composition at the start with loads at level 2 and level 3 that can affect student readiness. Psychologically, it is regarded as difficult at first, which can lead to students becoming disinterested as well as bored, thus experiencing difficulties, creating ontogenetic obstacles. The other predicted learning obstacles identified in this textbook are epistemological and didactic obstacles. All the findings from this analysis can be applied to continuously raise the standard of the currently available mathematics textbooks.
On Nonlinear Learned String Indexing

We investigate the potential of several artificial neural network architectures to be used as an index on a sorted set of strings, namely, as a mapping from a query string to (an estimate of) its lexicographic rank in the set, which allows solving some interesting string-search operations such as range and prefix searches. Our evaluation on a variety of real and synthetic datasets shows that learned models can beat the space vs error trade-off of the classic (possibly compressed) trie-based solutions for relatively dense datasets only, while being slower to be trained and queried. This leads us to conclude that learned models are not yet competitive with classic trie-based solutions, and thus cannot completely replace them, but possibly only integrate them. Although our study does not settle the question conclusively, it highlights appropriate methods, provides a baseline for comparison, and introduces several open problems, thereby serving as a starting point for future research.
A Simplified Method for Bearing-Capacity Analysis of Energy Piles Integrating Temperature-Dependent Model of Soil–Water Characteristic Curve

32 The bearing resistance of energy piles in the presence of temperature effect has not been thoroughly 33 investigated, preventing the perfecting of energy pile design methods. Quantifying the relationship between soil 34 suction and the temperature of unsaturated soils therefore becomes an important step in predicting the bearing 35 resistance of energy piles. A new constitutive model based on interfacial energy and thermodynamic theories is 36 therefore presented to predict the effect of temperature on soil suction as well as the soil-water characteristic 37 curve (SWCC) in this paper. The analytical model for the nonisothermal matric suction was developed by 38 combining five different temperature-dependent functions for the surface tension, air-water contact angle, void 39 ratio, and thermal expansion of solid and water density, thereby providing a more complete approach than the 40 one that considers surface tension only. The proposed formulation is expressed under a simplified form which is 41 believed as a useful and convenient tool to apply to a range of possible field situations. The temperature-42 dependent relationship of soil suction is then used to extend existing isothermal SWCCs to nonisothermal 43 conditions that allow obtaining the SWCC at any temperature. The validity of the proposed model is verified by 44 comparison to several test data sets for five different soils: swelling clay, hard clay, clayey-silty soil, ceramic 45 material, and sand. The satisfactory agreement between predicted and measured curves proved that the proposed 46 model has a good performance in predicting the effect of temperature on the SWCCs of unsaturated soils. The 47 nonisothermal SWCC model was then coupled with the bearing resistance theory to produce a simplified method 48 for analysis of energy piles. The results show that the proposed method successfully predicted pile resistance at 49 various temperatures when compared to experimental data. The pile resistance reduces as the temperature rises 50 for a specific degree of saturation or if the soil is in an undrained condition. However, water evaporation may 51 cause a decrease in water content and an increase in matric suction as the temperature increases. Therefore, as 52 soils dry out, pile resistance may increase with increasing temperature.
An Evaluation of the Accuracy and Precision of Ceramic Orthodontic Bracket Slot Dimensions Utilizing Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT)

This study’s aim is to determine the accuracy and precision of the bracket slot height in MBT 0.022″ ceramic brackets. Five brackets from 11 different systems (n = 55) were scanned using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The slot height was measured at the face (external) and base (internal) of the slot. Data were analyzed using a One-Sample t-Test, and a Paired t-Test. The lowest external height was seen in OrthoCare Purity® at 0.02264″ (2.9%), and the greatest in TOC Ghost Advanced® at 0.02736″ (24.4%). The lowest internal height was seen in Forestadent Glam® at 0.02020″ (−8.2%), and the greatest in TOC Ghost Advanced® at 0.2547″ (15.8%). OrthoCare Purity® measurements corresponded most closely with the expected measurements. TP InVu® was found to be the most precise bracket for external height (range = 0.00043″) and American Orthodontics 20/40® for internal height (range = 0.00028″). In assessing slot geometry, all brackets demonstrated a higher mean external slot height compared to the internal measurements at the base of the bracket. Orthodontic bracket slots are larger than expected and slot parallelism was not observed in any bracket brand tested. Similarly, slot dimensions are imprecise where two ‘identical’ brackets have different slot sizes. The clinician should, therefore, assume that play is most likely higher than expected.
Characteristics of the Fecal Microbiome of Piglets with Diarrhea Identified Using Shotgun Metagenomics Sequencing

Simple Summary Diarrhea in newborn piglets is one of the important problems for the agricultural industry. It is believed that this disease is associated with changes in the intestinal microbiome. The present work is aimed at studying the composition of the microbiome of newborn piglets with diarrhea in order to identify relevant markers of the disease. Our comprehensive microbiome study did not reveal bacterial and eukaryotic aberrations in the fecal microbiome of diarrheal piglets; at the same time, we observed higher levels of bacterial diversity, which may be associated with dysbacteriosis and inflammation. In the observation group, an increase in the abundance of Bacteroides B40-8 phage was also recorded, and in the healthy group, an increase in the abundance of Escherichia virus BP4. Thus, the results of our study show the ambiguity of the previously proposed relationship between the bacterial community of the fecal microbiome of suckling piglets and the development of diarrhea, and also indicate the need for further research in this area. Abstract Diarrhea in piglets is one of the most common diseases leading to high mortality and, as a result, to economic losses. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed on the DNBSEQ-G50, MGI system to study the role of the fecal microbiome in the development of diarrhea in newborn piglets. Analysis of the study data showed that the composition of the fecal microbiome at the level of bacteria and fungi did not differ in piglets with diarrhea from the healthy group. Bacteria belonging to the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria were the most abundant. However, a higher level of bacterial alpha diversity was observed in the group of piglets with diarrhea, which may be due to dysbacteriosis and inflammation. The study of the virome showed the difference between the two types of phages: Bacteroides B40-8 prevailed in diseased piglets, while Escherichia virus BP4 was found in greater numbers in healthy piglets. The results of our study suggest that the association between the fecal microbiome and susceptibility to diarrhea in suckling piglets may have been previously overestimated.
Bringing therapy home: Exploring parents’ experiences of telehealth for children with developmental coordination disorder

Introduction: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) significantly impacts a child’s motor skills and ability to learn and perform self-care and academic tasks. Telehealth is a rapidly emerging service delivery model, ensuring expanded access to services and continuity of care. Many benefits to the use of telehealth have been identified; yet, there is a dearth of published evidence available on the experiences of parents of children with DCD. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore parents’ experiences of implementing a telehealth motor skills programme for their child with DCD. Method: This study utilised a qualitative descriptive approach to best capture parents’ experiences of a telehealth programme. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with eight participants and analysed using thematic analysis. Measures to ensure the trustworthiness of the study were observed within the naturalistic paradigm comprising criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. Findings: This study uncovered three major themes: (1) Parents in the dark, (2) telehealth in the family and (3) telehealth: what success looks like. Ten further subthemes highlighted the factors for success and parents’ considerations for future service delivery. Conclusion: Challenges for parents in accessing traditional occupational therapy services present an opportunity to explore alternative means of delivery such as telehealth. Parents, however, are clear in their preference for a blended approach for future services.
Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of global fires and their emissions

Abstract. Intense regional fires are a common occurrence in the context of climate warming and have progressively evolved into one of the major natural disasters in terrestrial ecosystems, posing a serious hazard to the atmosphere and climate change. We investigated the spatial distribution, intensity, emission changes, and meteorological differences between fires in different fire-active and fire-prone regions globally based on multi-source satellite remote sensing fire data, emission data, and meteorological data in order to better understand the change trend of fire activity at multiple spatial and temporal scales. The findings demonstrate that while the burned area (BA) has decreased slowly over the last 20 years, the burned fraction (BF), the fire count (FC), and the fire radiative power (FRP) all exhibit pronounced regional and seasonal variations. The physical characteristics of fires, including the BF, FC, and FRP, experience greater seasonal variation as latitude increases, with summer and autumn being the seasons with the most frequent fire occurrence worldwide. This study also shows that the emissions declined substantially between 2012 and 2020 in northern Canada, Alaska, and northeastern China, whereas it notably increased in the Siberia region during the same period, primarily due to a rise in summer emissions. The results based on classification show that the difference in CO2 produced by fires among regions is relatively small. Excluding CO2, aerosol emissions (the total of organic carbon (OC), total carbon (TC), black carbon (BC)) ranged from 78.6 % to 84.2 %, while the least significant air pollutants (the total of PM2.5, SO2, and NOx) ranged from 5.8 % to 11.7 %. The abundance of vegetation predominately affects the intensity change in fire development, while the weather conditions can also indirectly influence the incidence of fire by altering the growth condition of vegetation. Correspondingly, the increase in temperature in the Northern Hemisphere's middle- and high-latitude forest regions is likely the major cause for the increase in fires and emissions, while the change in fires in tropical regions was largely influenced by the decrease in precipitation and relative humidity. This study contributes to the understanding of regional variations in fire activity and emission variability and provides support for the control of fire activity across regions and seasons.
Improving Problem-Solving Student Ability: Integrating Google Earth with SETS Model Learning for Effective Solutions

The ability to solve problems is one of the fundamental skills in learning geography in this era. The SETS (Science, Environment, Technology, Society) learning model integrated with Google Earth makes it easier for students to use science and technological literacy as a tool to determine actions in solving problems. This study aimed to determine the effect of the SETS learning model integrated with Google Earth on the problem-solving ability of high school students. The method used is a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest control group research design. The research subjects consisted of 70 students (35 students in the experimental class and 35 students in the control class). The results showed that the increasement in problem-solving skills by students in the experimental class was higher than the control class. This research proves that the SETS learning model assisted by Google Earth has a positive effect on students' problem-solving abilities. However, SETS learning model integrated with Google Earth still needs to be further understood by students. So, in its implementation, it is necessary to give detailed initial instructions to students about the stages of learning and using Google Earth.
Exploring the association between perceived male attitudes and female attitudes toward the discontinuation of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Egypt

Introduction There are 200 million girls and women alive worldwide that have undergone the practice of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) and 4 million girls are at risk of undergoing the practice each year. FGM/C provides no known health benefits, while puts a plethora of medical, psychological, and sexual health risks into perspective. One of the countries where the prevalence of FGM/C is the highest in the World, even though local authorities legally banned the practice in 2008, is Egypt. Within the Egyptian context, there are several complex socioeconomic, religious, and cultural drivers that influence the familial decision making of the daughters being cut. Female attitudes hold great significance in the process, because mothers and female family members are typically the prime decision makers at the daughter's circumcision. However, whilst FGM/C is often performed to enhance marriageability and address male preferences, in practicing communities there is little to no open communication between men and women about the practice, making women rely on their perceptions on FGM/C related expectations of men. Even though the connection between female and perceived male attitudes toward the discontinuation was established almost 20 years ago, since then to our knowledge little is known about the further characteristics of this association. Therefore, this study aims to explore the association between female and perceived male attitudes within families of a younger cohort and moreover attempts to provide a more layered picture of it within different levels of education. Methods To explore the relation between female and perceived male attitudes toward the discontinuation of FGM/C we conducted a 3-step binary logistic regression model. Results Our results show that women are significantly less likely to favor a continuation of FGM/C if they think men are disapproving of the practice, compared to women that think men want it to continue. The strength of this association partially varies between the different levels of education as it is less pronounced at the level of secondary education, compared to the reference group. Discussion In alignment with previous findings in the literature, women were more likely to support the discontinuation of FGM/C if they believed that men want the practice to discontinue as well and vice versa. At a higher level of secondary education however this association is less pronounced. This result concludes that the role of perceived male attitudes should be an important factor associated with female ones and studied further, and underlines the importance of education in women empowerment.
Distributed Moving-Horizon Estimation With Arrival-Cost Consensus

The paper deals with the problem of estimating the state of a linear system over a peer-to-peer network of linear sensors. The proposed approach is fully distributed, scalable, and allows for taking into account constraints on noise and state variables by resorting to the moving-horizon estimation paradigm. Each network node computes its local state estimate by minimizing a cost function defined over a sliding window of fixed size. The cost function includes a fused arrival cost, which is computed in a distributed way by performing a consensus on the local arrival costs. The proposed estimator guarantees stability of the estimation error dynamics in all network nodes, under the minimal requirements of network connectivity and collective observability, and for any number of consensus steps. Numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the practical effectiveness of the approach.
Recent Advances in Image-Guided Locoregional Therapies for Primary Liver Tumors

Simple Summary Primary liver cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Risk factors for primary liver cancer include chronic viral hepatitis B and C infections, alcohol abuse, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity. Surgical resection and/or transplantation is the mainstay treatment for candidates with primary liver tumors. However, minimally invasive, image-guided locoregional therapies have become an integral part of liver cancer treatment and management, depending on staging. In this manuscript, the authors provide a comprehensive overview of the antineoplastic mechanisms underpinning locoregional therapies and the current state of the literature on the efficacy of these therapies for primary liver cancer. We also discuss emerging advances in treatment, such as the adjuvant use of immunotherapies and molecular targeting agents with locoregional therapy. This review highlights the emerging technological advancements and image-guided procedures used to treat primary liver cancer. Abstract Primary liver cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. with incidences predicted to rise over the next several decades. Locoregional therapies, such as radiofrequency or microwave ablation, are described as image-guided percutaneous procedures, which offer either a curative intent for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma or bridging/downstaging for surgical resection or transplantation. Catheter-driven locoregional therapies, such as transarterial chemoembolization and radioembolization, induce tumor hypoxia, can be palliative, and improve survival for early-to-intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma and unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the antineoplastic mechanisms underpinning locoregional therapies, different treatment approaches, and the current state of the literature for the efficacy of locoregional therapies for primary liver cancer. We also discuss emerging advancements, such as the adjuvant use of immunotherapies and molecular targeting agents with locoregional therapy, for the treatment of primary liver cancer.
Trefoil Factor 3 Protein and Sepsis – A Review 1

Sepsis is one of the most common causes of death in hospitalized patients. Disruption of intestinal barrier homeostasis is one of its main hallmarks. Trefoil factor family proteins are known for their role in protecting and repairing the intestinal mucosa. It has been repeatedly shown that the TFF3 protein is involved in maintaining the intestinal barrier. For that reason, it has been studied in the search for objective measures to predict the onset or outcome of sepsis. Several studies have been performed on rodent sepsis models and on sepsis patients, both children and adults. From the limited research available to date, it appears that TFF3 is involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis, but the exact mechanism is not yet clear. Its potential as a sepsis biomarker has so far been low, but more extensive studies on its role in predicting disease severity and outcome, as well as organ dysfunction, may lead to finding specific patient groups or sepsis stages for which it would be suitable.