Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wavelengths and transition rates for nl–n′l′ transitions in Be-, B-, Mg-, Al-, Ca-, Zn-, Ag- and Yb-like tungsten ions

We present a comprehensive theoretical study of atomic characteristics of eight isoelectronic sequences of tungsten ions in a broad range of wavelengths and transitions. In particular, excitation energies, oscillator strengths and transition probabilities are calculated for nl–n′l′ transitions in W70 +, W69 +, W62 +, W61 +, W54 +, W44 +, W27 + and W4 + ions. Atomic structure and radiative characteristics of Be-like ([He]2lnl′, n = 2, 3), B-like ([He]2l2l′2l″), Mg-like ([Ne]3l3l′), Al-like ([Ne]3l3l′3l″), Ca-like ([Ar]3d4l), Zn-like ([Ni]4l4l′), Ag-like [Kr]4d10nl) and Yb-like ([Xe]4f145l6l′) tungsten ions are computed by the relativistic many-body perturbation theory (RMBPT) method. The calculations start from a 1s2 Dirac–Fock potential for Be- and B-like W, from the 1s22s22p6 Dirac–Fock potential for Mg- and Al-like W; from the 1s22s22p63s23p6 and 1s22s22p63s23p63d10 Dirac–Fock potentials for Ca- and Zn-like W, respectively. Evaluation of properties of Ag-like and Yb-like ions starts from a Dirac–Fock potential with only partially filled n = 4 shell (1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d10) and n = 5 shell (1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p6), respectively. First-order perturbation theory is used to obtain intermediate coupling coefficients, and second-order RMBPT is used to determine the matrix elements. The contributions from negative-energy states are included in the second-order E1 matrix elements to achieve agreement between length-form and velocity-form amplitudes. Our calculations present benchmark data for many yet unmeasured properties of tungsten ions and are in particular important in diagnostics of tungsten plasma of a broad range of temperatures as well as for future ITER plasmas.
Spectral Classification of Emission-Line Galaxies

A revised method of classification of narrow-line active galaxies and H II region-like galaxies is proposed. It involves the line ratios which take full advantage of the physical distinction between the two types of objects and minimize the effects of reddening correction and errors in the flux calibration. Large sets of internally consistent data are used, including new, previously unpublished measurements. Predictions of recent photoionization models by power-law spectra and by hot stars are compared with the observations. The classification is based on the observational data interpreted on the basis of these models. 63 references.
Polarization Changes of Radiation through Stimulated Raman Scattering

We study change in the polarization of electromagnetic waves due to the stimulated Raman scattering in a plasma. In this process an electromagnetic wave undergoes coherent scattering off an electron plasma wave. It is found that some of the observed polarization properties such as the rapid temporal variations, sense reversal, rotation of the plane of polarization, and change of nature of polarization in the case of pulsars and quasars could be accounted for through stimulated Raman scattering.
Planetary nebulae as standard candles. II. The calibration in M31 and its companions

The results of a PN survey of M31's bulge are reported. A total of 429 PNs were detected, of which 104 are members of a statistically complete and homogeneous sample covering the top 2.5 mag of the PN luminosity function (PNLF). It is shown that the PNLF is not a power law, but instead has a sharp turnover. This behavior is most easily explained as arising from a sharp cutoff in the upper mass limit of PN central stars in combination with extremely rapid evolutionary time scales for more massive candidate progenitors. Analysis of the PN spatial distribution shows that the density of PN per unit luminosity is about the same in M31's bulge and disk, and the implied stellar death rate is in good agreement with theoretical estimates. Finally, a foundation for using the distinctive shape of the PNLF and the invariance of the luminosity-specific PN number density is laid by deriving two maximum likelihood equations. 77 refs.
Fixed Point Theorems for Upper Semicontinuous Set-Valued Mappings in p-Vector Spaces

The goal of this paper is to establish a general fixed point theorem for compact single-valued continuous mapping in Hausdorff p-vector spaces, and the fixed point theorem for upper semicontinuous set-valued mappings in Hausdorff locally p-convex for p in (0, 1]. These new results provide an answer to Schauder conjecture in the affirmative under the setting of general p-vector spaces for compact single-valued continuous, and also give the fixed point theorems for upper semicontinuous set-valued mappings defined on s-convex subsets in Hausdorff locally p-convex spaces, which would be fundamental for nonlinear functional analysis in mathematics, where s,p in (0.1].
On the Form of Correlation Function for a Class of Nonstationary Field with a Zero Spectrum

The present paper is devoted to the derivation of an explicit form of linearly representable random fields in the form h(x 1 ,x 2 ) = exp {i(x 1 A 1 + x 2 A 2 )} h , where h ∈ H, H is a Hilbert space, operators A 1 , A 2 are such that A 1 A 2 = A 2 A 1 and C 3 = 0 where C = A* 1 A 2 - A 2 A* 1 . The results obtained are the generalization of theorem proved by Livshits and Yantsevitch [4] and Yantsevich and Abbaui [6]. It is shown that a rank of nonstationary of field h(x 1 ,x 2 ) depends not only on a degree of nonself conjugation of A 1 , A 2 but on a degree of nilpotency of commutator C(C 3 = 0). In the present paper an explicit form of correlation function when the spectra of A 1 and A 2 lies in zero is derived.
Post radiation mucosal ulcer risk after a hypofractionated stereotactic boost and conventional fractionated radiotherapy for oropharyngeal carcinoma

Abstract Background/purpose Post radiation mucosal ulcers (PRMU) after treatment for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) can have a huge negative impact on patients’ quality of life, but little is known concerning risk factors and the impact of fraction size. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the pattern of PRMU development and to identify risk factors after a hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy boost (SBRT) compared to conventionally fractionated radiotherapy for OPSCC. Material and methods We performed a retrospective cohort study (N = 332) of OPSCC patients with ≥ 1-year disease-free survival, treated with 46 Gy Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) (2 Gy fractions) followed by either an SBRT boost of 16.5 Gy (5.5 Gy fractions) (N = 180), or 24 Gy IMRT (2 Gy fractions) (N = 152). PRMU (grade ≥ 2) was scored when observed > three months after the last radiotherapy (RT) fraction (CTCAE v5.0). Potential risk factors were analyzed with Cox regression models using death as competing risk. Dose at the PRMU site was calculated by projecting delineated PRMU on the planning CT. Results All cases of PRMU (N = 64) occurred within 24 months; all were grade 2. The cumulative incidence at 2 years in the SBRT boost group was 26% (N = 46) vs. 12% (N = 18) for conventional fractionation (p = 0.003). Most PRMU developed within nine months (N = 48). PRMU occurring > nine months (N = 16) were mainly observed in the SBRT boost group (N = 15). Sex (p = 0.048), acute tube feeding (p = < 0.001), tumor subsite tonsil (p = 0.001), and N stage (p = 0.017) were associated with PRMU risk at multivariable regression in the hypofractionated SBRT boost group. All 25 delineated PRMU were located within the high dose regions. Conclusion The risk of PRMU should be included in the cost benefit analysis when considering future research using a hypofractionated SBRT boost for OPSCC patients.
Evaluation of the growth and yield characteristics of various genotypes of the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Eighteen genotypes of soybean were evaluated in coordinated varietal trial in 2018 and eight genotypes in pre-released varietal trial in 2019 at National Plant Breeding and Genetics Research Centre, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal. The experimental design was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that the maximum yield was obtained from CN-60 (2858 kg/ha) followed by CM-9133 (2791 kg/ha) in 2018 and CM-9125 (2708 kg/ha) followed by G-1872 (2666 kg/ha) in 2019. Similarly, combined analysis of pre-released varietal trial showed that grain yield was maximum for the LS-22-16-16 (2737.5 kg/ha) followed by G-4508 (2718.5 kg/ha) in 2018 and 2019. Thus, LS-22-16-16 and G-4508 seeds can be delivered to farmers as a farmers acceptance test for the release of soybean variety, while CN-60 and CM-9133 can be promoted to pre-released varietal trial.
A comprehensive computer simulation insight into inhibitory mechanisms of EGCG and NQTrp ligands on amyloid-beta assemblies as the Alzheimer’s disease insignia

Abstract Amyloid-β peptide with predominant presence in the senile plaques is the most common agent for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) incidence. Assembly of the amyloid-β(1-42) (Aβ1-42) isoform is known as the main reason for the AD appearance. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and 1,4-naphthoquinone-2-yl-L-tryptophan (NQTrp) are two small molecules that inhibit the formation of the Aβ1-42 fibrils. The present study provides molecular insight to clarify the inhibitory mechanisms of the EGCG and NQTrp ligands on the Aβ1-42 assemblies by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Hence, nine different Aβ1-42-containing systems including the monomer, dimer, and hexamer of Aβ1-42 considering each of them in a media with no ligands, in the presence of one EGCG ligand, and in the presence of one EGCG ligand were studied with a simulation time of 1 µs for each system. The precise investigation of the peptide-ligand distance, conformational factor (Pi), solvent accessible surface area (SASA), dictionary of secondary structure (DSSP), and Lys28-Ala42 salt bridge analyses confirmed that the hydroxyl-rich structure of the EGCG ligand applied its inhibitory effect on the aggregation of the peptides indirectly by involving water molecules. While the hydroxyl-free structure of the NQTrp ligand exposed its inhibitory effect through a direct interaction with the Aβ1-42 peptides. Besides, reduced density gradient (RDG) analysis clarified the hydrogen bonding interactions as the dominant ones for the peptide-EGCG systems, and also, steric and van der Waals interactions for the peptide-NQTrp systems. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Experimental characterization and self-consistent modeling of luminescence coupling effect in III-V multijunction solar cells

In this paper, we focused on developing an accurate model to describe the luminescent coupling (L-C) effect in multijunction solar cells (MJSC) under light concentration. We present here a transcend current-voltage (I-V) formula combined with a self-consistent simulation algorithm to derive the coupling yield γ dependence on light intensity by including the electrical parameters such as shunt resistance (Rsh) and series resistance (Rs), which were ignored in previous simulation models. The effects of both Rsh and Rs on γ were revealed, and the dependence of γ on the external voltage bias Vbias was investigated. Meanwhile, we have performed experiments to determine coupling yield γ by measuring the I-V curves of individual subcell of InGaP/GaAs/Ge triple junction solar cell under varied light intensity. We found that the measured results are only in good agreement with the simulated data obtained from the model where the resistance parameters were included. Based on these results, we calculated the convers.
On the Cardinality of Urysohn Spaces

Abstract In this paper some cardinal inequalities for Urysohn spaces are established. In particular the following two theorems are proved: (i)If where [A]θ denotes the θ-closed hull of A, i.e., the smallest θ-closed subset of X containing A; (ii) , where aL(X, X) is the smallest cardinal number m such that for every open cover of X there is a subfamily for which
On two-dimensional temporal modes in spatially evolving open flows: the flat-plate boundary layer

Temporal linear stability modes depending on two space directions are computed for a two-dimensional boundary-layer flow along a flat plate. The spatial structure of each individual temporally stable mode is shown to be reminiscent of the spatial exponential growth of perturbations along the flat plate, as predicted by local analyses. It is shown using an optimal temporal growth analysis, that an appropriate superposition of a moderate number of temporal modes gives rise to a spatially localized wave packet, starting at inflow and exhibiting transient temporal growth when evolving downstream along the plate. This wave packet is in qualitative agreement with the convectively unstable disturbance observed when solving the Navier–Stokes equations for an equivalent initial condition.
Predictive factors on caregiver burden in caregivers of individuals with cognitive impairment

Introduction Informal caregivers, mostly family members or friends, have often been required to engage in medical/nursing tasks and to navigate complex healthcare systems. It is unclear whether those activities impact caregiver burden. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine predictive factors of caregiver burden in consideration of healthcare-related factors (caregivers’ perception of performing medical/nursing tasks, care coordination, and number of hospitalizations). Methods Secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data taken from the Caregiving in the U.S. 2015 was conducted. Data were collected by the National Alliance for Caregiving and the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP). Self-identified caregivers (n = 304) who provided care for individuals with cognitive impairment (ICI), and who were living in the community were participants in the study. Results The overall model explained 38.4% of the variance in caregiver burden (F = 20.48, p < 0.001). When examining each factor, perceived difficulty in medical/nursing tasks (β = 0.38, p < 0.001) was the most influential factor, followed by caregivers’ physical health (β = −0.27, p < 0.001), income (β = −0.13, p = 0.01), and level of the care coordination (β = 0.12, p = 0.02). Discussion Although caregivers’ involvement in healthcare-related activities for ICI is necessary, this involvement has a considerable impact on caregiver burden. Healthcare providers should be cognizant of caregiver burden related to healthcare-related activities. Moreover, researchers should develop interventions and community services to decrease caregivers’ difficulty in performing their roles.
The Interkingdom Interaction with Staphylococcus Influences the Antifungal Susceptibility of the Cutaneous Fungus Malassezia

The skin is a dynamic ecosystem on which diverse microbes reside. The interkingdom interaction between microbial species in the skin microbiota is thought to influence the health and disease of the skin although the roles of the intra- and interkingdom interactions remain to be elucidated. In this context, the interactions between Malassezia and Staphylococcus, the most dominant microorganisms in the skin microbiota, have gained attention. This study investigated how the interaction between Malassezia and Staphylococcus affected the antifungal susceptibility of the fungus to the azole antifungal drug ketoconazole. The susceptibility was significantly decreased when Malassezia was co-cultured with Staphylococcus. We found that acidification of the environment by organic acids produced by Staphylococcus influenced the decrease of the ketoconazole susceptibility of M. restricta in the co-culturing condition. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that the significant increased ergosterol content and cell membrane and wall thickness of the M. restricta cells grown in the acidic environment may be the main cause of the altered azole susceptibility of the fungus. Overall, our study suggests that the interaction between Malassezia and Staphylococcus influences the antifungal susceptibility of the fungus and that pH has a critical role in the polymicrobial interaction in the skin environment.
Wolf‐Rayet and OB Star Self‐Enrichment of Globular Clusters?

Nitrogen abundance inhomogeneities are present among main‐sequence stars in globular clusters of the Milky Way. Since N‐rich cluster dwarfs are unlikely to have nucleosynthesized nitrogen within their own interiors, they presumably obtained their excess N from elsewhere. If the abundance inhomogeneities are due to the self‐enrichment of a globular cluster, then the earliest source of nitrogen could have been massive cluster OB stars and Wolf‐Rayet stars of type N. Several obstacles to WN stars' being a viable enrichment mode for globular clusters are discussed: (1) a W‐R phase may have been inhibited for metal‐poor OB stars, due to the low mass‐loss rates expected of their radiatively driven winds, and (2) unless globular clusters had top‐heavy stellar mass functions, their WN stars would have been too few in number to explain the amount of CNO‐processed material in their nitrogen‐rich, low‐mass stars. In contrast, it is pointed out that OB stars in their main‐sequence and supergiant phases of evolution might also eject CNO‐processed material even if they do not evolve through a WN phase, while W‐R stars have been discovered in some metal‐poor dwarf galaxies and starburst galaxies. In addition, low metallicities could favor the production of WN stars over WC stars, and this could explain why the abundance inhomogeneities in Milky Way globular clusters generally involve excesses of CNO‐processed material. One scenario is discussed in which globular clusters form at the interface between massive, colliding gas clouds. If such clouds have masses comparable to dwarf galaxies, with relative velocities characteristic of the Galactic halo, then the collision process could drive gas into an accreting protocluster at a rate that is sufficient to complete cluster formation within several million years. This timescale could allow nitrogen‐rich wind ejecta from WN or OB stars to be incorporated into later cluster star formation. The ram pressure associated with a colliding‐cloud environment might not only confine the stellar wind ejecta, but also funnel it into sites of active star formation within the protocluster. In this picture, globular clusters form as open systems with gas continuing to flow into them from a greater cloud‐merger environment while star formation is occurring. In such a circumstance, not only may cluster WN and OB stars have promoted enrichment, but wind ejecta from massive stars that are external to the protocluster may also have been acquired.
Amitriptyline intoxication in bullfrogs causes widening of QRS complexes in electrocardiogram

Amitriptyline intoxication is caused by its suicidal or accidental overdose. In the present study, by intravenously injecting 1.5 or 3.0 mg/kg amitriptyline into bullfrogs, we actually revealed that amitriptyline causes the widening of QRS complexes in electrocardiogram (ECG). In simultaneous recordings of the cardiac action potential, amitriptyline decreased the slope of phase 0 in the action potential, indicating the inhibition of the inward sodium currents during this phase. The following treatment with sodium bicarbonate quickly restored the widened QRS complexes in the ECG, demonstrating the counteraction with the sodium channel blockade caused by amitriptyline. The dual recordings of ECG waveforms and the action potential in cardiomyocytes enabled us to demonstrate the mechanisms of characteristic ECG abnormalities caused by amitriptyline intoxication.
Numerical Investigations on Unsteady Features of Rounded Trailing Edge Airfoils

As a practical rounded trailing edge airfoil for coaxial rotors, DBLN-526 is a fore and aft symmetrical airfoil with two steps on its lower side. This airfoil has been used at the inboard section of the coaxial rotor system. As there are always two eddies behind the airfoil because of its rounded trailing edge, the interaction between the separation and transition should be considered. Thus, the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes- (RANS-) based γ − Re ¯ θ t model was used to analyze the unsteady transition and separation features. Three different rounded trailing-edge airfoils were compared with DBLN-526. Power spectrum density analysis and Δ Cl calculations demonstrated that the lift coefficient fluctuation of DBLN-526 was smaller than that of other rounded airfoils with different angles. Further investigation indicated that the locations of transition for DBLN-526 can be fixed at a wide range of angles by the unique design on its lower side. Because of this settled transition location, the size of separation is decreased, and the position of separation is settled as well, which leads to a lower lift coefficient fluctuation. The turbulent kinetic energy after the transition was higher, which injected a lot of energy into the boundary layer, and the separation zone near the transition position was relatively smaller. This study provides an indication for controlling separation and reducing unsteady fluctuations for rounded trailing edge airfoils.
Design issues in adaptive control

An integrated approach to the design of practical adaptive control algorithms is presented. Many existing ideas are brought together, and the effect of various design parameters available to a user is explored. The theory is extended by showing how the problem of stabilizability of the estimated model can be overcome by running parallel estimators. It is shown how asymptotic tracking of deterministic set points can be achieved in the presence of unmodeled dynamics. >
High-Power Self-Starting Femtosecond Cr:Forsterite Laser

Owing to its broad tunability and useful fundamental and second harmonic wavelengths, Cr:forsterite (Cr4+:Mg2SiO4) lasers are attracting a lot of attention in the ultrafast science. However, self-starting operation of relatively low power Kerr lens mode-locked femtosecond Crforsterite lasers using semiconductor saturable-absorber mirrors (SESAM’s) was reported only recently [1,2]. We scaled the parameters of this purely passive technique and achieved simultaneously output energies on the 10-nJ level and sub-100 fs pulse durations. The high contrast of these pulses allowed for the first time efficient direct frequency conversion to the 600 nm region with efficiency as high as 30%.
Prevalence of Food Allergy and Common Food Allergen Among Saudi Adults in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia

Introduction The prevalence of food allergy (FA) in the Makkah region has received little attention, so we conducted this study to estimate the prevalence of FA in adults. Methods This descriptive, cross-sectional, survey-based study was conducted online among 531 participants with or without a prior diagnosis of FA. The collected data related to socio-demographics (age and gender), whether the participant had been medically diagnosed with any food allergens, and assessing the prevalence of different food allergens. Results Only 93 (17.5%) of the 531 people screened positive for FA; females (65.6%) predominated, with 37.6% aged 40–59. The type of food for allergy was: eggs (47%), seafood (44%), fruits (40%), nuts and legumes (37%), milk and dairy products (25%), vegetables (17%), sesame (11%), wheat (9%), soy (8%), 2% to chili peppers, and only 1% honey and chocolate. Conclusion Both genders were allergic to eggs, followed by seafood, fruits, nuts, and legumes, and milk and dairy products, respectively.