Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Erigone family and the z2 secular resonance

The Erigone family is a C-type group in the inner main belt. Its age has been estimated by several researchers to be less then 300 My, so it is a relatively young cluster. Yarko-YORP Monte Carlo methods to study the chronology of the Erigone family confirm results obtained by other groups. The Erigone family, however, is also characterized by its interaction with the $z_2$ secular resonance. While less than 15% of its members are currently in librating states of this resonance, the number of objects, members of the dynamical group, in resonant states is high enough to allow to use the study of dynamics inside the $z_2$ resonance to set constraints on the family age. Like the ${\nu}_{6}$ and $z_1$ secular resonances, the $z_2$ resonance is characterized by one stable equilibrium point at $\sigma = 180^{\circ}$ in the $z_2$ resonance plane $(\sigma, \frac{d\sigma}{dt})$, where $\sigma$ is the resonant angle of the $z_2$ resonance. Diffusion in this plane occurs on timescales of $\simeq 12$ My, which sets a lower limit on the Erigone family age. Finally, the minimum time needed to reach a steady-state population of $z_2$ librators is about 90 My, which allows to impose another, independent constraint on the group age.
Impacts of premature birth and low birthweight on the development of language and executive function

The increasing rate of survival of preterm newborns raises many questions given that preterm and low-birthweight children are at risk for impaired development of various cognitive abilities. The purpose of this article is to summarise the research evidence concerning the outcomes of language and executive function development in this risk group. The authors will discuss what influences neonatal factors and early neurological injuries have on the late outcomes of these high-risk children from the perspective of potential protective factors and intervention.
Dark matter haloes determine the masses of supermassive black holes

The energy and momentum deposited by the radiation from accretion flows on to the supermassive black holes (BHs) that reside at the centres of virtually all galaxies can halt or even reverse gas inflow, providing a natural mechanism for supermassive BHs to regulate their growth and to couple their properties to those of their host galaxies. However, it remains unclear whether this self-regulation occurs on the scale at which the BH is gravitationally dominant, on that of the stellar bulge, the galaxy or that of the entire dark matter halo. To answer this question, we use self-consistent simulations of the co-evolution of the BH and galaxy populations that reproduce the observed correlations between the masses of the BHs and the properties of their host galaxies. We first confirm unambiguously that the BHs regulate their growth: the amount of energy that the BHs inject into their surroundings remains unchanged when the fraction of the accreted rest mass energy that is injected is varied by four orders of magnitude. The BHs simply adjust their masses so as to inject the same amount of energy. We then use simulations with artificially reduced star formation rates to demonstrate explicitly that BH mass is not set by the stellar mass. Instead, we find that it is determined by the mass of the dark matter halo with a secondary dependence on the halo concentration, of the form that would be expected if the halo binding energy were the fundamental property that controls the mass of the BH. We predict that the BH mass, mBH, scales with halo mass as mBH∝mαhalo, with α≈ 1.55 ± 0.05, and that the scatter around the mean relation in part reflects the scatter in the halo concentration–mass relation.
Accelerated Detection for Low-Field NMR Using Nonuniform Sampling and Improved Reconstruction

The low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF NMR) system allows rapid, on-site, and nondestructive detection of molecular structures using portable equipment. However, LF NMR suffers from limited resolution, low sensitivity, and poor stability, resulting in peak overlap and limitations in practical applications. In this work, an accelerated spectroscopic method that combines nonuniform sampling (NUS) with a fast and accurate low-rank reconstruction method is proposed to rapidly acquire and faithfully reconstruct high-resolution 2-D spectra. Benefiting from the NUS and the group sparsity constraint, this method reduces the acquisition time and reconstruction time to overcome the effects of field drift while preserving low-intensity broad peaks. Through theoretical analyses, both high-field and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra reconstruction experiments, and in situ reaction monitoring, we show that this accelerated method is effective and efficient in terms of preserving sensitivity, improving the spectral resolution, and monitoring the molecular structures of reactants in real time. Thus, this proposed accelerated method may expand the applicability of low-cost LF NMR systems in fast detection.
Perceived Body Weight and Weight Management-Related Behaviors among Young Adults: Mediating Effects of Body Mass Index

ABSTRACT Background Understanding the relationship between the perceived body weight, body mass index (BMI), and weight management-related behaviors is critical to preventing obesity in young adults. Purpose To explore the relationship between perceived body weight and weight management-related behaviors and to assess the mediating effects of BMI between perceived body weight and weight management-related behaviors among young adults. Methods Using data (n = 4882) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, multiple linear regression and a series of mediation analyses were applied to analyze the data. Results Both perceived body weight and BMI were significantly associated with breakfast consumption and sleep for overall participants (p < .001; p < .001). Perceived body weight and BMI were significantly associated with breakfast consumption among young female adults (p < .001). Perceived body weight and BMI were significantly associated with sleep among young male adults (p = .03). BMI is found to mediate the relationship between perceived body weight and breakfast consumption. Discussion The study demonstrated both perceived body weight and BMI contribute to certain weight management-related behaviors. BMI could be the inflammatory mechanism of health behavior change. Translation to Health Education Practice Development of tailored interventions or culturally appropriate weight management educational programs are needed for young adults. Findings of this study could have implications for public health education. A AJHE Self-Study quiz is online for this article via the SHAPE America Online Institute (SAOI) http://portal.shapeamerica. org/trn-Webinars
THE LARGE-SCALE THREE-POINT CORRELATION FUNCTION OF SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY LUMINOUS RED GALAXIES

We present new measurements of the redshift-space three-point correlation function (3PCF) of Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Using the largest data set to date, the Data Release 7 LRGs, and an improved binning scheme compared to previous measurements, we measure the LRG 3PCF on large scales up to ∼90 h−1 Mpc, from the mildly nonlinear to quasi-linear regimes. Comparing the LRG correlations to the dark matter two- and three-point correlation functions, obtained from N-body simulations we infer linear and nonlinear bias parameters. As expected, LRGs are highly biased tracers of large-scale structure, with a linear bias b1 ∼ 2; the LRGs also have a large positive nonlinear bias parameter, in agreement with predictions of galaxy population models. The use of the 3PCF to estimate biasing helps to also make estimates of the cosmological parameter σ8, as well as to infer best-fit parameters of the halo occupation distribution parameters for LRGs. We also use a large suite of public mock catalogs to characterize the error covariance matrix for the 3PCF and compare the variance among simulation results with jackknife error estimates.
Time Spent Gaming, Device Type, Addiction Scores, and Well-being of Adolescent English Gamers in the 2021 OxWell Survey: Latent Profile Analysis

Background The shift in the last decades to screen-based and increasingly web-based gaming activity has raised concerns about its impact on the development of children and adolescents. Despite decades of research into gaming and related psychosocial effects, the question remains how best to identify what degree or context of gaming may be a cause for concern. Objective This study aimed to classify adolescents into gamer profiles based on both gaming behaviors and well-being. Once we distinguished the different gamer profiles, we aimed to explore whether membership to a specific profile could be predicted based on a range of personal characteristics and experiences that could then help identify those at risk. Methods We explored gaming and well-being in an adolescent school population (aged 12-18 years) in England as part of the 2021 OxWell student survey. Self-report measures of time spent playing games on computers or consoles, time spent playing games on mobile phones, the Game Addiction Scale, and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale were used to classify adolescent heavy gamers (playing games for at least 3.5 hours a day) using latent profile analysis. We used multinomial logistic regression analysis to predict the profile membership based on a range of personal characteristics and experiences. Results In total, 12,725 participants answered the OxWell gaming questions. Almost one-third (3970/12,725, 31.2%) indicated that they play games for at least 3.5 hours a day. The correlation between time spent playing video games overall and well-being was not significant (P=.41). The latent profile analysis distinguished 6 profiles of adolescent heavy gamers: adaptive computer gamers (1747/3970, 44%); casual computer gamers (873/3970, 22%); casual phone gamers (595/3970, 15%); unknown device gamers (476/3970, 12%); maladaptive computer gamers (238/3970, 6%); and maladaptive phone gamers (79/3970, 2%). In comparison with adaptive computer gamers, maladaptive phone gamers were mostly female (odds ratio [OR] 0.08, 95% CI 0.03-0.21) and were more likely to have experienced abuse or neglect (OR 3.18, 95% CI 1.34-7.55). Maladaptive computer gamers, who reported gaming both on their mobile phones and on the computer, were mostly male and more likely to report anxiety (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.23-4.12), aggressive behavior (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.65-4.88), and web-based gambling (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.24-3.81). Conclusions A substantial number of adolescents are spending ≥3.5 hours gaming each day, with almost 1 in 10 (317/3970, 8%) reporting co-occurring gaming and well-being issues. Long hours gaming using mobile phones, particularly common in female gamers, may signal poorer functioning and indicate a need for additional support. Although increased time gaming might be changing how adolescents spend their free time and might thus have public health implications, it does not seem to relate to co-occurring well-being issues or mental ill-health for the majority of adolescent gamers.
Experimental probe of topological orders and edge excitations in the second Landau level

We measure weak quasiparticle tunneling across a constriction in the second Landau level. At $\nu$ = 7/3, 8/3 and 5/2, comparison of temperature and DC bias dependence to weak tunneling theory allows extracting parameters that describe the edges' quasiparticle excitations. At $\nu$ = 8/3, our results are well described by a particle-hole conjugate Laughlin state, but not compatible with proposed non-Abelian quasiparticle excitations. For $\nu$ = 5/2, our measurements are in good agreement with previous experiments and favor the Abelian (3,3,1) or (1,1,3)-states. At these filling factors, we further investigate the influence of the backscattering strength on the extracted scaling parameters. For $\nu$ = 7/3, the backscattering strength strongly affects the scaling parameters, whereas quasiparticle tunneling at $\nu$ = 8/3 and 5/2 appears more robust. Our results provide important additional insight about the physics in the second Landau level and contribute to the understanding of the physics underlying the fractional quantum Hall states at $\nu$ = 7/3, 8/3 and 5/2.
Customer opinions mining through social media: insights from sustainability fraud crisis - Volkswagen emissions scandal

ABSTRACT Social media has emerged as a vital tool to advance two-way communication between companies and customers. This paper uses 29,764 tweets to investigate a sustainability fraud crisis, the Volkswagen emissions scandal. We provide a Tweet Analytic Framework comprising three approaches: cluster analysis, sentiment analysis, and time series analysis. This paper explores public opinions regarding the Volkswagen emissions scandal in two stages and reveals the typical crisis development trend, the strong condemnation and negative sentiment, and significant public concerns. This paper can yield important insights for understanding how customers’ opinions change, thereby improving the effectiveness of managing sustainability fraud crises.
Late Oligocene to early Miocene delta and linked slope fan systems: Depositional architecture and sediment dispersal, the Pearl River Mouth Basin

The Upper Oligocene to Lower Miocene (Zhuhai Formation) in the Pearl River Mouth Basin of the northern South China Sea contains extensive shelf‐edge delta and linked slope fan deposits, and records the sediment dispersal and constraint processes. According to the integrated analysis of well‐log, seismic and core data, depositional architecture and delivery mechanism of sandy deposits from the shelf margin to the lower slope are documented systematically. Four major depositional facies are identified: shelf‐edge incised channels and shelf‐edge deltas; amalgamated slump‐channel complexes; slope gullies; and slope fan deposits. Incised channels at shelf‐edge delta front (2.0 to 4.4 km wide) comprise V‐shaped single channels and W‐shaped or irregular‐shaped channels which eroded shelf‐edge sandy deltaic deposits and retransferred them to the lower slope. Further slumping along channel walls may be triggered by the continuously channel downcutting process; and then these incised channels amalgamated and collapsed downslope to generate large‐scale coalesced slump‐channel complexes (15 to 35 km wide), which are regarded as the main delivery system to transport sandy deltaic deposits to the deep‐water basin. There are a series of V‐shaped or W‐shaped slope gullies (tens to hundreds of metres wide) developed along the lower slope, which further delivered sediments to slope fan systems. Slope fan systems are composed predominantly of basal debris flow massive and sandy turbidite channel and frontal splay deposits comprising one of the most important oil and gas reservoirs in the study area. Channelization and large‐scale slumping along the shelf‐edge delta front are regarded as the most important dispersal mechanisms delivering sandy sediments across the shelf margin. Falling sea level was suggested to be one of the important factors causing the incision and large‐scale shelf margin slumps, whereas the unstable high (800 to 1200 m) and steep (5° to 8°) shelf‐edge delta and slope clinoforms provide a pre‐condition for large‐scale shelf‐edge collapse.
Transition scenario of the round jet in crossflow topology at low velocity ratios

We study experimentally a round Jet In CrossFlow (JICF) at low values of the jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio R using instantaneous and time-averaged three-dimensions three-components velocimetry. The difference between instantaneous and time-averaged swirling structures of the JICF is emphasized. Through the analysis of spatial distribution of instantaneous transverse and longitudinal vortices the main transitions of the JICF are characterized for 0.15 1.25), the classic JICF topology is recovered. In between, a deformation of the classical JICF topology is observed consisting in a progressive disappearance of the leading-edge vortices, a bending of the jet trajectory toward the wall and thus a strengthened interaction with the boundary layer. Thanks to a state-of-the-art review on the JICF topology and using visualizations of the flow structures extracted from our experimental volumetric velocimetry mea.
GENERATION OF QUASI-PERIODIC WAVES AND FLOWS IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE BY OSCILLATORY RECONNECTION

We investigate the long-term evolution of an initially buoyant magnetic flux tube emerging into a gravitationally stratified coronal hole environment and report on the resulting oscillations and outflows. We perform 2.5-dimensional nonlinear numerical simulations, generalizing the models of McLaughlin et al. and Murray et al. We find that the physical mechanism of oscillatory reconnection naturally generates quasi-periodic vertical outflows, with a transverse/swaying aspect. The vertical outflows consist of both a periodic aspect and evidence of a positively directed flow. The speed of the vertical outflow (20–60 km s−1) is comparable to those reported in the observational literature. We also perform a parametric study varying the magnetic strength of the buoyant flux tube and find a range of associated periodicities: 1.75–3.5 minutes. Thus, the mechanism of oscillatory reconnection may provide a physical explanation to some of the high-speed, quasi-periodic, transverse outflows/jets recently reported by a multitude of authors and instruments.
Numerical study of stellarator plasma stability using the Mercier stability criterion

A method is discussed for calculating the quantities contained in the Mercier stability criterion for stellarators with allowance for the real magnetic-field distribution. This method is based on integration along the magnetic lines. The calculations are performed for a low-pressure plasma with a finite local pressure gradient for the magnetic configuration of l = 2 torsatrons with parameters similar to those of {open_quotes}Uragan-2M. {close_quotes} 14 refs.
Fidelity analysis of topological quantum phase transitions

We apply the fidelity metric approach to analyze two recently introduced models that exhibit a quantum phase transition to a topologically ordered phase. These quantum models have a known connection to classical statistical mechanical models; we exploit this mapping to obtain the scaling of the fidelity metric tensor near criticality. The topological phase transitions manifest t hemselves in divergences of the fidelity metric across the phase boundaries. These results provide evidence that the fidelity approach is a valuable tool to investigate novel phases lacking a clear characterization in terms of local order parameters.
Probing multiband superconductivity by point-contact spectroscopy

Point-contact spectroscopy was originally developed for the determination of the electron–phonon spectral function in normal metals. However, in the past 20 years it has become an important tool in the investigation of superconductors. As a matter of fact, point contacts between a normal metal and a superconductor can provide information on the amplitude and symmetry of the energy gap that, in the superconducting state, opens up at the Fermi level. In this paper we review the experimental and theoretical aspects of point-contact spectroscopy in superconductors, and we give an experimental survey of the most recent applications of this technique to anisotropic and multiband superconductors.
A Softmax-Free Loss Function Based on Predefined Optimal-Distribution of Latent Features for Deep Learning Classifier

In the field of pattern classification, the training of deep learning classifiers is mostly end-to-end learning, and the loss function is the constraint on the final output (posterior probability) of the network, so the existence of Softmax is essential. In the case of end-to-end learning, there is usually no effective loss function that completely relies on the features of the middle layer to restrict learning, resulting in the distribution of sample latent features is not optimal, so there is still room for improvement in classification accuracy. Based on the concept of Predefined Evenly-Distributed Class Centroids (PEDCC), this article proposes a Softmax-free loss function based on predefined optimal-distribution of latent features—POD Loss. The loss function only restricts the latent features of the samples, including the norm-adaptive Cosine distance between the latent feature vector of the sample and the center of the predefined evenly-distributed class, and the correlation between the latent features of the samples. Finally, Cosine distance is used for classification. Compared with the commonly used Softmax Loss, some typical Softmax related loss functions and PEDCC-Loss, experiments on several commonly used datasets on several typical deep learning classification networks show that the classification performance of POD Loss is always significant better and easier to converge. Code is available in https://github.com/TianYuZu/POD-Loss.
Hydrological process controls on streamflow variability in a glacierized headwater basin

Mountain glacierized headwaters are currently witnessing a transient shift in their hydrological and glaciological systems in response to rapid climate change. To characterize these changes, a robust understanding of the hydrological processes operating in the basin and their interactions is needed. Such an investigation was undertaken in the Peyto Glacier Research Basin, Canadian Rockies over 32 years (1988–2020). A distributed, physically based, uncalibrated glacier hydrology model was developed using the modular, object‐oriented Cold Region Hydrological Modelling Platform to simulate both on and off‐glacier high mountain processes and streamflow generation. The hydrological processes that generate streamflow from this alpine basin are characterized by substantial inter‐annual variability over the 32 years. Snowmelt runoff always provided the largest fraction of annual streamflow (44% to 89%), with smaller fractional contributions occurring in higher streamflow years. Ice melt runoff provided 10% to 45% of annual streamflow volume, with higher fractions associated with higher flow years. Both rainfall and firn melt runoff contributed less than 13% of annual streamflow. Years with high streamflow were on average 1.43°C warmer than low streamflow years, and higher streamflow years had lower seasonal snow accumulation, earlier snowmelt and higher summer rainfall than years with lower streamflow. Greater ice exposure in warmer, low snowfall (high rainfall) years led to greater streamflow generation. The understanding gained here provides insight into how future climate and increased meteorological variability may impact glacier meltwater contributions to streamflow and downstream water availability as alpine glaciers continue to retreat.
Droplet impact on a thin liquid film: anatomy of the splash

We investigate the dynamics of drop impact on a thin liquid film at short times in order to identify the mechanisms of splash formation. Using numerical simulations and scaling analysis, we show that it depends both on the inertial dynamics of the liquid and the cushioning of the gas. Two asymptotic regimes are identified, characterized by a new dimensionless number $J$ : when the gas cushioning is weak, the jet is formed after a sequence of bubbles are entrapped and the jet speed is mostly selected by the Reynolds number of the impact. On the other hand, when the air cushioning is important, the lubrication of the gas beneath the drop and the liquid film controls the dynamics, leading to a single bubble entrapment and a weaker jet velocity.