Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What’s the catch? Urine sample collection from young pre-continent children: a qualitative study in primary care.

Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in young pre-continent children, but collecting urine samples is challenging. Collection methods all have limitations and international guidelines have conflicting recommendations. Choice of method must balance time, resources, invasiveness, reliability, and contamination. Evidence from primary care clinicians is limited regarding barriers and enablers to sample collection, and what factors inform the choice and use of different sample collection methods. Aim To understand the barriers and enablers to collecting urine samples from young pre-continent children in primary care. Design & setting An exploratory qualitative study performed in primary care in Australia. Method Semi-structured interviews explored the topic of collecting a urine sample from a child aged 6 months who presented with a fever. The interviews were undertaken with 21 GPs and four practice nurses (PNs) until data saturation was reached. Interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed verbatim, coded, and underwent content and thematic analysis. Results Five main themes emerged including: the clinician’s knowledge and expertise; patient characteristics; parent or carer’s understanding and motivation; the collection process itself; and likely outcome of the chosen method. Non-invasive methods were strongly favoured; although, clean catch was considered time-consuming and urine bags were known to be often contaminated. Invasive methods (for example, catheterisation or suprapubic aspiration [SPA]) were rarely performed outside of remote settings. Key barriers included time and space constraints in clinics, and key enablers included parental motivation, education handouts, and voiding stimulation methods. Conclusion This study has identified key barriers and enablers to inform education, policy, and future research for urine sample collection from pre-continent children in primary care. Guideline recommendations must consider the primary care context to ensure they are relevant and suited to real-world practice.
Attentional biases to emotional faces among women with a history of single episode versus recurrent major depression

ABSTRACT Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder, and recurrent depression is associated with severe and chronic impairment. Identifying markers of risk is imperative to improve our ability to predict which individuals are likely to experience a recurrence. According to cognitive theories, biases in attention for affectively-salient information may serve as one mechanism of risk. Existing research has combined participants with a single episode (sMDD) and those with recurrent MDD (rMDD); therefore, little is known about whether these biases track the severity of disease course. The current study examined attentional biases to facial displays of emotion among 115 women with a history of rMDD, sMDD, or no history of psychopathology using a passive viewing eye-tracking task. Women with rMDD exhibited significantly lower sustained attention to happy faces compared to both healthy controls and sMDD women. These results extend previous research on the presence of attentional avoidance of positive stimuli in individuals with a history of MDD and provide preliminary evidence that this bias is strongest among individuals with a history of rMDD.
Estimating predation on breeding European storm‐petrels (Hydrobates pelagicus) by yellow‐legged gulls (Larus michahellis)

Several hypotheses about changes in adult survival of European storm-petrels Hydrobates pelagicus and predation by yellow-legged gulls Larus michahellis at Benidorm Island (western Mediterranean) during 1993–2003 were assessed. Two approaches were used: analysis of pellets containing remains of predated petrels from two caves, and multistate capture–recapture models using recaptures of breeders together with recoveries only from one of these caves. These models were used to estimate separately adult storm-petrel survival and a minimum probability of being killed by gulls. At least 11–14% of the storm-petrels killed had been ringed as breeders. Local adult survival varied greatly among years, from 0.701 (SE = 0.095) to extremely high values (0.951, SE = 0.031) for such a small species (0.833 on average for the whole period). Nevertheless, it was not possible to assess whether this variation was influenced by inter-annual differences in gull predation. The peak of predation occurred in June, when maximum numbers of prospecting petrels visit the colonies. Predation was much higher at the cave that received stronger illumination from Benidorm city. Minimum predation probabilities estimated from capture–recapture varied with time from 0.022 (SE = 0.011) to 0.040 (SE = 0.016), and increased significantly after the powering of light received from the city in 1997. In these years, predation by yellow-legged gulls accounted for a large percentage of mortality of storm-petrels at Benidorm Island (up to 33%). Both methodological approaches confirmed that predation was carried out by specialist gulls, and that neither the size of the gull colony nor its food availability influenced predation on petrels. Management might reduce predation rate by removing gulls that nest in the caves, since these individuals tend to kill most storm-petrels.
RNA Editing and Modifications in Mood Disorders

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a major health problem with significant limitations in functioning and well-being. The World Health Organization (WHO) evaluates MDD as one of the most disabling disorders in the world and with very high social cost. Great attention has been given to the study of the molecular mechanism underpinning MDD at the genetic, epigenetic and proteomic level. However, the importance of RNA modifications has attracted little attention until now in this field. RNA molecules are extensively and dynamically altered by a variety of mechanisms. Similar to “epigenomic” changes, which modify DNA structure or histones, RNA alterations are now termed “epitranscriptomic” changes and have been predicted to have profound consequences for gene expression and cellular functionality. Two of these modifications, adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing and m6A methylations, have fascinated researchers over the last years, showing a new level of complexity in gene expression. In this review, we will summary the studies that focus on the role of RNA editing and m6A methylation in MDD, trying to underline their potential breakthroughs and pitfalls.
The influence of fatty acid synthase polymorphism on milk production traits in Polish Holstein-Friesian cattle.

Fatty acid synthase gene (FASN) was indicated as gene linked to milk production traits in cattle, especially milk fat yield and fatty acid composition. Fatty acid synthas e coded by this gene is strictly involved in fat metabolism, so it is supposed that variability of FASN gene could influence these traits. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between the polymorphism of fatty acid synthase gene and milk pr oduction traits in P olish Holstein-Friesian cattle. PCR-RFLP method was used for genotyping. The major allele for analyzed locus was FASNg.17924G (f=0.63). The influence of the FASNg.17924A>G polymorphism on milk production traits was analyzed. It was found that there was a significant correlation between the FASNg.17924A>G polymorphism and selected production traits: milk yield (p≤0.05), fat yield (p≤0.05) and protein yield (p≤0.05). Further analysis of FASN gene polymorphism should be performed for the purpose of identifying of quantitative trait nucleotide ( QTN) for Marker Assisted Selection.
Single-Session Percutaneous Mechanical Thrombectomy Using the Aspirex®S Device Plus Stenting for Acute Iliofemoral Deep Vein Thrombosis: Safety, Efficacy, and Mid-Term Outcomes

To assess the safety, efficacy and mid-term outcomes of single-session percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) for acute symptomatic iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT) using the Aspirex®S device. Retrospective review of 30 patients (women, 23; mean age, 45.5 ± 19.9 years; range, 17–76) who underwent PMT with the 10-French Aspirex®S device (Straub Medical AG, Wangs, Switzerland) for acute DVT between December 2015 and March 2019. Procedures were performed by popliteal (n = 22) or jugular (n = 7) approach, or both (n = 1). Mean time from diagnosis to PMT was 5.5 ± 4.6 days (range, 2–11). Successful thrombus removal and venous patency restoration were achieved in all patients (100%). Fluid removal was 307.8 ± 66.1 mL (range, 190–410). Additional venous stenting rate was 100%. Mean procedural time was 107.3 ± 33.9 min (range, 70–180). No major complication occurred. The patient’s postprocedural course was uneventful in all cases, with hospital discharge within 2 days in 83.3%. Early in-stent rethrombosis occurred within 1 week in 3 patients, successfully managed by endovascular approach. Secondary stent patency rate was 86.7% at a mean follow-up of 22.3 ± 14.2 months (range, 6–48), as assessed by Duplex ultrasound. Single-session of PMT using the Aspirex®S device is a safe and effective therapeutic option in patients presenting with acute symptomatic iliofemoral DVT.
Influence of growing date and plant density on the yield of endive (Cichorium endivia L.)

The experiment was carried out in the years 2006-2008. The aim of the study was estimation of yielding of Italian cultivar of endive 'Blonda a cuor pleno' (escarole group) grown in the conditions of Western Pomerania. Seeds of endive were sown on four dates: 10, 20 and 30 June, and 10 July. There were two plant spacing used in the experi- ment: 40 × 25 and 40 × 35 cm. Significantly the highest yield of leaf rosettes was ob- tained when seeds were sown on 30 June. However, sowing seeds on 10 June had an ef- fect on obtaining rosettes of the highest weight. This planting date had also an influence on decrease of marketable yield because of premature floral stalks development in long- day conditions. Significantly higher yield of rosettes of the highest weight and diameter was obtained from planting transplants at the spacing of 40 × 25 cm.
Zonotopic Fault Detection for 2-D Systems Under Event-Triggered Mechanism

This article studies the problem of event-triggered fault detection (FD) for 2-D systems subjected to amplitude-bounded exogenous disturbance and measurement noise via a zonotopic residual evaluation mechanism. An event-triggered mechanism is introduced into the FD framework to save limited communication resources. A finite-frequency (FF) mixed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{\infty }/h_{\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> index is derived to ensure the residual signal is sensitive to a fault signal while robust to disturbance and noise, based on which an optimal mixed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{\infty }/h_{\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> FD filter design criterion is provided. Instead of constant thresholds, novel zonotope-based dynamic thresholds are utilized for residual evaluation. Finally, simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed mechanism.
Evaluation of Ethiopian commercial wheat cultivars for resistance to stem rust of wheat race 'UG99'.

Rapid spread of a virulent race of stem rust of wheat has increased interest in looking different source of resistance. This investigation was carried out to identify possible sources of resistance in Ethiopian commercial wheat cultivars to the current stem rust race, UG99. 23 bread and 14 durum wheat cultivars were evaluated in two different sets. A standard bread wheat cultivar PBW343 (Sr31) as well as Morocco and Arendeto were included as susceptible checks. In seedling test, plants were inoculated with pure TTKS race and evaluated for their infection types. In field test, a 5 x 5 and 4 x 4 simple lattice design was used to evaluate bread and durum wheat cultivars respectively. Each block was separated by the spreader row composed of PBW343 and Morocco in a 3: 1 ratio. In order to create epidemics, natural infection was supplemented artificially by inoculating the spreader rows at different growth stages. Area under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) was calculated and analyzed. Coefficient of Infection (CI) was calculated by taking the severity of stem rust and response. Terminal severity of the cultivars was also considered for comparison. In the seedling test, all of the durum except Arendeto, Foka and Kilinto were resistant. However, most of the bread wheat cultivars were susceptible. Similar results were obtained in the field screening of wheat cultivars at Debre Zeit, an international known hotspot for stem rust of wheat. The identified sources of resistance in some bread and most durum wheat will serve as source in breeding programs for resistance to stem rust of wheat. Attempts should also be made to transfer stem rust resistance from durum to bread wheat as a valuable component of breeding strategy that will contribute to sustainable production of the crop. Furthermore, it is essential that the identified resistant wheat cultivars be evaluated against dominant stem rust races in different wheat growing areas of the country.
Poincaré Plot Image and Rhythm-Specific Atlas for Atrial Bigeminy and Atrial Fibrillation Detection

A detector based only on RR intervals capable of classifying other tachyarrhythmias in addition to atrial fibrillation (AF) could improve cardiac monitoring. In this paper a new classification method based in a 2D non-linear RRI dynamics representation is presented. For this aim, the concepts of Poincaré Images and Atlases are introduced. Three cardiac rhythms were targeted: Normal sinus rhythm (NSR), AF and atrial bigeminy (AB). Three Physionet open source databases were used. Poincaré Images were generated for all signals using different Poincaré plot configurations: <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$RR$</tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$dRR$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$RRdRR$</tex-math></inline-formula>. The study was computed for different time window lengths and bin sizes. For each rhythm, the Poincaré Images of the 80% of that rhythm's patients were used to create a reference image, a Poincaré Atlas. The remaining 20% were used as test set and classified into one of the three rhythms using normalized mutual information and 2D correlation. The process was iterated in a tenfold cross-validation and patient-wise dataset division. Sensitivity results obtained for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$RRdRR$</tex-math></inline-formula> configuration and bin size 40 ms, for a 60 s time window were 94.35%<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${}\pm{}$</tex-math></inline-formula>3.68, 82.07%<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${}\pm{}$</tex-math></inline-formula>9.18 and 88.86%<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${}\pm{}$</tex-math></inline-formula>12.79 with a specificity of 85.52%<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${}\pm{}$</tex-math></inline-formula>7.46, 95.91%<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${}\pm{}$</tex-math></inline-formula>3.14, 96.10%<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${}\pm{}$</tex-math></inline-formula>2.25 for AF, NSR and AB respectively. Results suggest that a rhythms general RRI pattern may be captured using Poincaré Atlases and that these can be used to classify other signal segments using Poincaré Images. In contrast with other studies, the former method could be generalized to more cardiac rhythms and does not depend on rhythm-specific thresholds.
Distribution and Extent of Damage by Scolytus spp. to Stone and Pome Fruit Orchards in Israel

During the last decade damage to stone- and pome-fruit orchards in Israel caused by bark beetles has increased. We present data on injury by Scolytus amygdali Geur. and S. rugulosus Muller to nine rosaceous fruit trees of Prunus spp. , Malus silvestris, Pyrus malus, Cydonia oblonga and Eriobotrya japonica in 6 major regions in Israel. Approximately 64 and 18% of the sampled areas planted with stone- and pome-fruits, respectively, were damaged by bark beetles. The heaviest damage occurred on apricot, almond, peach, plum and cherry. Most of the area planted with stone fruits, and large areas planted with apple and pear, were damaged by bark beetles. The most widespread beetle damage occurred in the central mountain range and the southern coastal region, with approximately 96 and 92% of the sampled area damaged, respectively and the least occurred in the northern mountain range. Stone fruits are more susceptible to damage by bark beetles than apple and pear, while quince and loquat are virtually resistant. The level of damage appears to be influenced by grove management, host plant resistance to Capnodis spp. (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), climatic conditions and conditions in plots neighbouring the orchard. RésuméDurant la dernière décennie les dégâts causés par les scolytes aux vergers de drupes et de pommes ont augmenté en Israël. Nous présentons les résultats des dégâts par Scolytus amygdali Geur et S. rugolosus Muller à neuf arbres fruitiers rosacés, Prunus spp. , Malus silvestris, Pylus malus, Cydonia oblonga et Eriobotrya japonica dans six régions importantes d’Israël. Approximativement 64 et 18% des régions échantillonnées plantées respectivement d’arbre à drupes et de pomier étaient endommagés par les scolytes. Les dégâts les plus lourds étaient sur les arbres à abricots, amandes, pêches, prunes et cerises. La majeur partie de la région plantée d’arbre à drupes, et de larges étendues plantées de pommier et de poirier étaient endommagés par les scolytes. Le dégâts par coléoptères les plus répandus avaient lieu sur l’étendue montagneuse et la région de la côte sud, avec des dégâts sur approximativement 96 et 92% respectivement de l’aire échantillonnée tandis que la région montagneuse du nord était moins affectée. Les drupes sont plus susceptibles aux dégâts par scolytes que les pommes et les poires alors que les coings et les nèfles sont en fait résistants. Le niveau des dégâts semble être influencé par la gestion de la plantation, la résistance de la plante hôte à Capnodis spp. (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), les conditions climatiques et les conditions dans les parcelles entourant le verger.
Alterations in reducing sugar in Triticum aestivum under irrigated and non-irrigated condition

This research was conducted with the objective of observing alterations in reducing sugars, which may play a part in distinguishing tolerant and susceptible genotypes. The experimental material consisted of thirteen wheat genotypes including eleven bread wheat advanced lines, one synthetic hexaploid and its durum parent. Seeds were sown in plastic pots and allowed to grow under normal irrigation for 32 days. Stress was imposed by withholding water for a period of 12 days. Subsequently, shoots were collected from stressed and non stressed young plants and the total reducing sugars were estimated. The agronomic performance of those advanced lines that were stable, such as CIM-47, CIM-51, NR-234, NR241 and NR-264, had more elevation in reducing sugars as compared to others. This study therefore showed that stress tolerant varieties accumulated more glucose than sensitive ones. On the contrary, CIM-48 and NR-175 showed inhibition of sugars; and from their agronomic performance, they were also unstable with respect to yield and yield components. It was concluded that tolerant genotypes depict an elevated reducing sugar, and hence they could be useful in selecting tolerant varieties against water stress.
Postprandial Metabolic Response to Rapeseed Protein in Healthy Subjects

Plant proteins have become increasingly important for ecological reasons. Rapeseed is a novel source of plant proteins with high biological value, but its metabolic impact in humans is largely unknown. A randomized, controlled intervention study including 20 healthy subjects was conducted in a crossover design. All participants received a test meal without additional protein or with 28 g of rapeseed protein isolate or soy protein isolate (control). Venous blood samples were collected over a 360-min period to analyze metabolites; satiety was assessed using a visual analog scale. Postprandial levels of lipids, urea, and amino acids increased following the intake of both protein isolates. The postprandial insulin response was lower after consumption of the rapeseed protein than after intake of the soy protein (p < 0.05), whereas the postmeal responses of glucose, lipids, interleukin-6, minerals, and urea were comparable between the two protein isolates. Interestingly, the rapeseed protein exerted stronger effects on postprandial satiety than the soy protein (p < 0.05). The postmeal metabolism following rapeseed protein intake is comparable with that of soy protein. The favorable effect of rapeseed protein on postprandial insulin and satiety makes it a valuable plant protein for human nutrition.
goFOODTM: An Artificial Intelligence System for Dietary Assessment

Accurate estimation of nutritional information may lead to healthier diets and better clinical outcomes. We propose a dietary assessment system based on artificial intelligence (AI), named goFOODTM. The system can estimate the calorie and macronutrient content of a meal, on the sole basis of food images captured by a smartphone. goFOODTM requires an input of two meal images or a short video. For conventional single-camera smartphones, the images must be captured from two different viewing angles; smartphones equipped with two rear cameras require only a single press of the shutter button. The deep neural networks are used to process the two images and implements food detection, segmentation and recognition, while a 3D reconstruction algorithm estimates the food’s volume. Each meal’s calorie and macronutrient content is calculated from the food category, volume and the nutrient database. goFOODTM supports 319 fine-grained food categories, and has been validated on two multimedia databases that contain non-standardized and fast food meals. The experimental results demonstrate that goFOODTM performed better than experienced dietitians on the non-standardized meal database, and was comparable to them on the fast food database. goFOODTM provides a simple and efficient solution to the end-user for dietary assessment.
PIM Kinase Inhibitors Block the Growth of Primary T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Resistance Pathways Identified by Network Modeling Analysis

Despite significant progress in understanding the genetic landscape of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), the discovery of novel therapeutic targets has been difficult. Our results demonstrate that the levels of PIM1 protein kinase is elevated in early T-cell precursor ALL (ETP-ALL) but not in mature T-ALL primary samples. Small-molecule PIM inhibitor (PIMi) treatment decreases leukemia burden in ETP-ALL. However, treatment of animals carrying ETP-ALL with PIMi was not curative. To model other pathways that could be targeted to complement PIMi activity, HSB-2 cells, previously characterized as a PIMi-sensitive T-ALL cell line, were grown in increasing doses of PIMi. Gene set enrichment analysis of RNA sequencing data and functional enrichment of network modules demonstrated that the HOXA9, mTOR, MYC, NFκB, and PI3K-AKT pathways were activated in HSB-2 cells after long-term PIM inhibition. Reverse phase protein array–based pathway activation mapping demonstrated alterations in the mTOR, PI3K-AKT, and NFκB pathways, as well. PIMi-tolerant HSB-2 cells contained phosphorylated RelA-S536 consistent with activation of the NFκB pathway. The combination of NFκB and PIMis markedly reduced the proliferation in PIMi-resistant leukemic cells showing that this pathway plays an important role in driving the growth of T-ALL. Together these results demonstrate key pathways that are activated when HSB-2 cell line develop resistance to PIMi and suggest pathways that can be rationally targeted in combination with PIM kinases to inhibit T-ALL growth.