Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A global variational structure and propagation of disturbances in reaction-diffusion systems of gradient type

We identified a variational structure associated with traveling waves for systems of reaction-diffusion equations of gradient type with equal diffusion coefficients defined inside an infinite cylinder, with either Neumann or Dirichlet boundary conditions. We show that the traveling wave solutions that decay sufficiently rapidly exponentially at one end of the cylinder are critical points of certain functionals. We obtain a global upper bound on the speed of these solutions. We also show that for a wide class of solutions of the initial value problem an appropriately defined instantaneous propagation speed approaches a limit at long times. Furthermore, under certain assumptions on the shape of the solution, there exists a reference frame in which the solution of the initial value problem converges to the traveling wave solution with this speed at least on a sequence of times. In addition, for a class of solutions we establish bounds on the shape of the solution in the reference frame associated with its leading edge and determine accessible limiting traveling wave solutions. For this class of solutions we find the upper and lower bounds for the speed of the leading edge.
Boundary-based image segmentation using binary level set method

A novel binary level set method for boundary-based image segmentation is proposed, which is extended from region-based binary level set methods. The proposed binary level set method is based on the geometric active contour framework, which is a traditional level set method applied in boundary-based image segmentation. However, being different from the geometric active contour, the proposed binary level set method replaces the traditional level set function with a binary level set function to reduce the expensive computational cost of redistancing the traditional level set function. The experiments and complexity analysis show that the proposed binary level set method is more efficient than the geometric active contour for image segmentation while giving similar results to the geometric active contour.
Disk-Jet Coupling in the Low-Mass X-Ray Binary 4U 1636–53 from INTEGRAL Observations

We report on the spectral analysis of the neutron star (atoll-type) low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1636-53 as observed by the INTEGRAL and BeppoSAX satellites. The spectral behavior in three different epochs, corresponding to three different spectral states, has been investigated in depth. Spectra from two data sets show a continuum that is well described by one or two soft blackbodies plus a Comptonized component, with changes in the Comptonizing electrons and blackbody temperature and accretion rate that are typical of the spectral transition from high to low state. On one occasion the INTEGRAL spectrum shows, for first time in this source, a hard tail dominating the emission above 30 keV. The total spectrum is fitted as the sum of a Comptonized component similar to the soft state and a power-law component (Γ = 2.76), indicating the presence of a nonthermal distribution of electron velocities. In this case, a comparison with the hard tails detected in soft states from neutron star systems and some black hole binaries suggests that a similar mechanism could give rise to these components in both cases.
Operationalisation of a standardised scoring system to assess adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research cancer prevention recommendations in the UK biobank

Introduction In 2018, The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) published ten evidence-based Cancer Prevention Recommendations designed to reduce the risk of cancer via improved lifestyle behaviours. In 2019, Shams-White and colleagues created the “2018 WCRF/AICR Score” which aimed to standardise how adherence to these recommendations is assessed. The standardised scoring system includes seven of the recommendations concerning weight, physical activity and diet, with an optional eighth recommendation on breastfeeding. To promote transparency and reproducibility, the present paper describes the methodology for operationalisation of the standardised scoring system in the UK Biobank. Methods UK Biobank recruited >500,000 individuals aged 37–73 years, between 2006 and 2010. In 2021, we held a workshop with experts which aimed to reach consensus on how to operationalise the scoring system using data available within UK Biobank. We used data on anthropometric measurements, physical activity and diet to calculate adherence scores. 24 h dietary assessment data were used to measure adherence to the following recommendations: “Eat a diet rich in wholegrains, vegetables, fruit, and beans”, “Limit consumption of “fast foods” and other processed foods high in fat, starches or sugars” and “Limit consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks”; food frequency questionnaire data were used to assess adherence to “Limit consumption of red and processed meat” and “Limit alcohol consumption”. Participants were allocated points for meeting, partially meeting or not meeting each recommendation, using cut-offs defined in the standardised scoring system. Results At our workshop, discussions included the use of national guidelines to assess adherence to the recommendation on alcohol consumption, as well as challenges faced including defining the adapted ultra-processed food variables. A total score was calculated for 158,415 participants (mean 3.9 points, range 0–7 points). We also describe the methodology to derive a partial 5-point adherence score using data from the food frequency questionnaire in 314,616 participants. Conclusion We describe the methodology used to estimate adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR Cancer Prevention Recommendations for participants in the UK Biobank, including some of the challenges faced operationalising the standardised scoring system.
Determination of residual stresses in materials and industrial components by neutron diffraction

We present a review of the determination of residual stresses in materials and components of industrial interest by using the non-destructive technique of neutron diffraction. The fundamental aspects are discussed, together with a brief description of the experimental facilities. Several experimental results are then reported, particularly concerning applications to materials and components for power plants (CrMo steel, AISI304 stainless steel and 2.25Cr1Mo ferritic steel), aerospace and automotive technology (Al alloys, metal matrix composites, nickel superalloy gas-turbine components) and fusion-reactor technology (AISI316L for the first wall). A few thermomechanical treatments are considered, such as welding, cold-expanded holes, thermoelastic coupling and thermal and mechanical fatigue. Moreover, a few applications to general industrial problems are shown, namely brazed ceramic-steel components, coatings and fatigue-cracked samples. In some cases, experimental results are compared with numerical models or results from x-ray diffraction measurements.
Structure of Latent Tracks Created by Swift Heavy Ions in Amorphous SiO2 and Zinc Phosphate Glass

The structure of latent tracks introduced by swift-heavy-ion irradiation was examined on both amorphous SiO2 and zinc phosphate glass (68P2O5:25ZnO:4.5Al2O3:2.5Na2O). In amorphous SiO2, the frequency of the infrared absorption assigned to the asymmetric stretching vibration of Si–O decreased with irradiation. This IR peak shift has been found to be related to the transition of normal six-membered rings of SiO4 tetrahedra to planar three-membered rings. The high etching rate of the latent tracks is strongly related to planar three-membered rings. In the ion-irradiated zinc phosphate glass, two bridging oxygen atoms bound to a phosphorus atom turned into one bridging oxygen atom. Scission of the Zn–O bond was not observed. It was concluded that the high etching rate of the latent tracks in zinc–phosphate glass is related to P–O bond scission.
Monte Carlo simulation of hot electron transport in deep submicron SOI MOSFET

Ensemble Monte-Carlo simulation of electron and hole transport in deep submicron n-channel SOI MOSFET with 100 nm channel length is performed. The influence of interband impact ionization process on the transistor characteristics is investigated within the framework of Keldysh impact ionization model. Effective threshold energy of electron impact ionization as a parameter characterizing the process is calculated. The dependence of the effective threshold energy on the drain bias is determined.
The Relationship between Meaning in Life and Depression among Chinese Junior High School Students: The Mediating and Moderating Effects of Cognitive Failures and Mindfulness

In recent years, the incidence of depression among adolescents has been increasing yearly, and the severe damage of depression on adolescents’ physical and mental health development has caused extensive concern worldwide. Previous research on adults has confirmed that meaning in life is a crucial buffer factor for depression, and developing meaning in life is an essential task in adolescence. Moreover, prior researchers also pointed out that frequent cognitive failures can induce negative emotions in individuals, whereas mindfulness can regulate individuals’ depression levels. However, few studies have investigated the impact of meaning in life on depression in adolescents and the underlying psychological mechanisms. Accordingly, based on the theoretical framework of the Cognitive Vulnerability–Stress Theory of Depression, this study aimed to explore the relationship between meaning in life and depression in junior high school students, as well as the mediating effect of cognitive failures and the moderating effect of mindfulness. We collected data from 948 adolescents aged 11 to 17 in two junior high schools in Henan Province, China, and tested the theoretical model through the PROCESS macro for SPSS. The results showed that: (1) meaning in life had a significant negative predictive effect on depression (β = −0.24, p < 0.001); (2) cognitive failures partially mediated the relationship between meaning in life and depression (β = 0.31, p < 0.001); (3) the relationship between cognitive failures and depression was moderated by mindfulness (β = −0.05, p < 0.05). This study implied that we could start by cultivating adolescents’ meaning in life and improving their level of mindfulness to prevent and intervene in adolescent depression.
Experimental Investigation of Wall and Total Temperature Influence on a Shock Train

Experiments are carried out to investigate the shock train in an isolator model. In one model, the wetted surfaces can be heated up to 1000 K. The tests are performed in a hypersonic shock tunnel facility at Mach 7.7 with varying total temperature. The wall temperature is varied between 300 and 1000 K. The experiments show the influence of the wall temperature on the pressure distribution in the shock train. This effect is not covered by the correlation of Waltrup and Billig. The correlation is expanded with the influence of the wall heat flux to include these effects.
Hydroxymethylation and Epigenetic Drugs: New Insights into the Diagnosis and Treatment in Epigenetics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal and heterogeneous malignancy with multiple genetic alternations and complex signaling pathways. The complexity and multifactorial nature of HCC pose a tremendous challenge regarding its diagnosis and treatment. Emerging evidence has indicated an important regulatory role of epigenetic modifications in HCC initiation and progression. Epigenetic modifications are stably heritable gene expression traits caused by changing the accessibility of chromatin structure and genetic activity without alteration in the DNA sequence and have been gradually recognized as a hallmark of cancer. In addition, accumulating data suggest a potential value of altered hydroxymethylation in epigenetic modifications and therapeutics targeting the epigenetically mediated regulation. As such, probing the epigenetic field in the era of precision oncology is a valid avenue for promoting the accuracy of early diagnosis and improving the oncological prognosis of HCC patients. This review focuses on the diagnostic performance and clinical utility of 5-hydroxymethylated cytosine, the primary intermediate product of the demethylation process, for early HCC diagnosis and discusses the promising applications of epigenetic-based therapeutic regimens for HCC.
On controllability of linear systems with time delays in control

The problems of controllability of linear processes with time delays described by the differential equation \dot{x}(t) = A(t)x(t) + \sum\min{i=0}\max{k} B_{i}(t)u(t-h_{i} and satisfied in Euclidean space Rnare considered. The necessary and sufficient conditions for controllability, using the transition matrix of the process, are given. By the additional assumption that the matrices A,B_{i} are analytic in t , another criterion of controllability, using the matrices A and B i only, is proved.
Impacts of the Attachment and Child Health (ATTACHTM) Parenting Program on Mothers and Their Children at Risk of Maltreatment: Phase 2 Results

Early adversity (e.g., family violence, parental depression, low income) places children at risk for maltreatment and negatively impacts developmental outcomes. Optimal parental reflective function (RF), defined as the parent’s ability to think about and identify thoughts, feelings, and mental states in themselves and in their children, is linked to secure attachment and may protect against suboptimal outcomes. We present the results of Phase 2 randomized control trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies (QES) of the Attachment and Child Health (ATTACHTM) parental RF intervention for families with children at risk for maltreatment. Phase 2 parents experiencing adversity, along with their children aged 0–5 years (n = 45), received the 10–12-week ATTACHTM intervention. Building on completed Phase 1 pilot data, Phase 2 examined outcomes of long-standing interest, including parental RF and child development, as well as new outcomes, including parental perceived social support and executive function, and children’s behavior, sleep, and executive function. RCTs and QES revealed significant improvements in parents’ RF, perception of social support, and executive function, children’s development (i.e., communication, problem-solving, personal–social, and fine motor skills), and a decrease in children’s sleep and behavioral problems (i.e., anxiety/depression, attention problems, aggressive behavior, and externalizing problems), post-intervention. ATTACH™ positively impacts parental RF to prevent negative impacts on children at risk of maltreatment.
On the Linear Theory of the Land and Sea Breeze

Abstract Given that the earth's atmosphere may be idealized as a rotating, stratified fluid characterized by the Coriolis parameter f and the Brunt–V¨is¨l¨ frequency N, and that the diurnal cycle of heating and cooling of the land relative to the sea acts as a stationary, oscillatory source of energy of frequency ω (=2π day−1), it follows from the linear theory of motion that where f > ω the atmospheric response is confined to within a distance Nh(f−2 – ω −2)−1/2 of the coastline, where h is the vertical scale of the heating. When f < ω, the atmospheric response is in the form of internal-inertial waves which extend to “Infinity” along ray paths extending upward and outward from the coast. Near the ground, the horizontal extent of the sea breeze is given by the horizontal wale of the dominant wave mode, Nh(ω2 – f−2)−1/2. Although these concepts are familiar from the linear theory of motion in a rotating, stratified fluid, their relevance with respect to the interpretation of linear models of the land and .
Prevalence and overlap of potential embolic sources in embolic stroke of undetermined source: a retrospective cohort

Introduction: Embolic strokes of an undetermined source may be caused by various potential embolic sources, which can be better managed by anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy. Identifying these sources may have diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Our objectives were to assess the prevalence and overlap of different potential embolic sources identified in a population of patients with embolic strokes of undetermined sources, and to evaluate the stroke recurrence rate according to the type and number of potential embolic sources. Methods: We used data from consecutive patients with ischemic stroke admitted to the department of neurology in Fattouma Bourguiba hospital (Monastir, Tunisia), between January 2017 and December 2020. Patients who met the embolic strokes of undetermined source diagnostic criteria according to the criteria of the Cryptogenic Stroke “embolic strokes of undetermined source” International Working Group were selected. The presence of each potential embolic source was assessed, and patients were categorised according to the identified potential embolic sources. The main outcome was ischemic stroke recurrence, and it was collected prospectively during follow-up after the index stroke. Results: Among 330 patients admitted between 2017 and 2020, 66 (20.6%) were classified as embolic strokes of undetermined source (68.2% were men, mean age 57 ±11 years). The three most prevalent potential embolic sources were atrial cardiopathy (N = 47/66; 71.2%), arterial atherosclerosis (N = 46/66; 69.7%) and left ventricular disease (N = 26/66; 39.4%). Most patients (N = 56/66; 84.8%) had ≥2 potential embolic sources. After 6-month of follow up, ischemic stroke recurrence occurred in 18 (27.3%) patients. In survival analysis, the type and the number of potential embolic sources were not statistically associated with stroke recurrence. Conclusion: Most patients with embolic strokes of undetermined source had multiple potential embolic sources, which overlap considerably. The type and number of potential sources were not associated with stroke recurrence. This finding may explain the negative results of large trials of secondary prevention in the Embolic strokes of undetermined source population.
The Respiratory Management of the Extreme Preterm in the Delivery Room

The fetal-to-neonatal transition poses an extraordinary challenge for extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants, and postnatal stabilization in the delivery room (DR) remains challenging. The initiation of air respiration and the establishment of a functional residual capacity are essential and often require ventilatory support and oxygen supplementation. In recent years, there has been a tendency towards the soft-landing strategy and, subsequently, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation has been generally recommended by international guidelines as the first option for stabilizing ELBW in the delivery room. On the other hand, supplementation with oxygen is another cornerstone of the postnatal stabilization of ELBW infants. To date, the conundrum concerning the optimal initial inspired fraction of oxygen, target saturations in the first golden minutes, and oxygen titration to achieve desired stability saturation and heart rate values has not yet been solved. Moreover, the retardation of cord clamping together with the initiation of ventilation with the patent cord (physiologic-based cord clamping) have added additional complexity to this puzzle. In the present review, we critically address these relevant topics related to fetal-to-neonatal transitional respiratory physiology, ventilatory stabilization, and oxygenation of ELBW infants in the delivery room based on current evidence and the most recent guidelines for newborn stabilization.
A Cautionary Note on the Use of Meteorological Analysis Fields for Quantifying Atmospheric Mixing

Abstract Offline atmospheric transport models are normally driven with meteorological analyses. However, subsequent analysis fields are dynamically not consistent with each other, because they are produced in independent data assimilation cycles that lack strong dynamical constraints between each other. In this paper, it is shown that when these data are used with Lagrangian transport models, spurious mixing results from the dynamic inconsistencies. As a consequence, quantities such as potential vorticity or specific humidity that tend to be conserved along trajectories are found to be significantly less well conserved when analysis data are used than when forecast data are used for the trajectory calculations. This leads, for instance, to enhanced stratosphere–troposphere exchange. It is also shown that the dispersion of initially neighboring particles occurs more rapidly with the analysis than with the forecast data. It is therefore concluded that small-scale tracer structures develop too quickly in Lag.
Macromolecular detection of streptavidin with gold-coated tilted FBG refractometers

Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors are optical sensors exploiting tiny surrounding refractive index changes to measure interactions between host and guest molecules. Biosensors prepared on optical fibers constitute a miniaturized counterpart to the traditional SPR prism-based sensor, so-called Kretschmann prism. They possess all the advantages inherent to the use of optical fibers and intrinsically allow in situ and real time measurements in very small volumes. The optical fiber sensors used for this study are tilted fiber Bragg gratings covered by a nano-scale-gold coating allowing the SPR generation along the outer surface of the sensors. Using orthogonally polarized lightwaves matching the TFBG eigenmodes, we are able to retrieve the surrounding refractive index with a sensitivity of 10-5 refractive index unit. This confirms that gold-coated TFBGs can be deployed for chemical species profiling in diluted solutions. In this paper, we assess the protein detection and quantification capabilities of SPR-TFBGs using a well-acknowledged label-free mechanism. A self-assembled monolayer of Biotin is formed on the gold surface of the SPR-TFBGs biosensors to quantify Streptavidin diluted in phosphate buffered saline. We demonstrate the capability of this new technology to accurately detect molecules concentrations as lows as 10-10 g/ml.
Optimal plot size in wheat with comparison of three methods

- The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal plot size (Xo) to evaluate the fresh matter productivity of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and check whether Xo differs between three determination methods. Five uniformity trials were carried out. Trials 1 and 2 were carried out, respectively, with the cultivars TBIO Sossego and TBIO Toruk, both sown on August 3, 2018. Trials 3, 4 and 5 were carried out with the cultivar TBIO Audaz, sown, respectively, on June 7, 2019, June 27, 2019 and July 18, 2019. Fresh matter productivity was evaluated in 540 basic experimental units (BEU) of 1 m × 1 m (108 BEU per trial). The BEU was formed by ﬁ ve rows of 1.0 m in length, spaced 0.20 m apart, totaling 1.0 m 2 . The optimal plot size was determined using the methods of modi ﬁ ed maximum curvature, linear response and plateau model and quadratic response and plateau model. The optimal plot size differs between the methods and decreases in the following order: quadratic response and plateau model (15.78 m 2 ), linear response and plateau model (7.11 m 2 ) and modi ﬁ ed maximum curvature (2.56 m 2 ). The optimal plot size to evaluate the fresh matter productivity of wheat is 7.11 m 2 and the experimental precision stabilizes from this size on.