Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response to "Comment on Comparison between the coronal diameters of the cervical spinal canal and spinal cord measured using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in Korean patients"

Funding: None. Conflicts of Interest: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. Author Contributions: Sunmin Min (Conceptualization; Writing – original draft); Sang-il Cho (Conceptualization); Dong Hyuck Kim (Conceptualization); Francis Sahngun Nahm (Conceptualization; Writing – review & editing) ORCID: Sunmin Kim, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1950-4423; Sang-il Cho, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8405-1013; Dong Hyuck Kim, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0597-7959; Francis Sahngun Nahm, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5900-7851
Non-linear regression for multiple time-series

A general multivariate non-linear regression model is considered, including as special cases linear regression when the regression matrix is of less than full rank, simultaneous equations systems and regression on an unobservable predetermined variable. Given a time-series of observations at unit intervals we consider the estimation of the parameters, subject to non-linear constraints, by minimizing a criterion based on the Fourier-transformed model. We allow the residuals to be generated by a stationary, linear, process and establish asymptotic properties of our estimates.
Effective index approximation for ordered silicon nanowire arrays

A semi-analytical model for the optical properties of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) is presented. Results from the model offer a good physical understanding of the optical behavior of SiNWs. It is shown that light trapping within ordered nanowires only happens over a small wavelength band (20–75 nm) that is dependent on the diameter of the nanowires, not length. Furthermore, wavelength tunable absorption peaks can be achieved in ordered SiNWs by adjusting the geometrical parameters. A good match between the model and experimental results confirms the validity of the proposed effective index model.
An infrared study of starbursts in the interacting galaxy pair Arp 299 (NGC 3690+IC 694)

Extensive infrared observations have been obtained of the three active regions in Arp 299. Multiaperture JHK photometry reveals that the colors of the three regions are totally different from each other, and that there are very red nuclei smaller than 4 arcsec in two of them. Multiaperture spectroscopy of the Br-gamma and the shock-excited H2 lines shows that both the atomic and molecular lines are spatially extended, indicating that Arp 299 is undergoing an active episode of star formation not only in its nuclei but also well outside of them. Although there is some evidence that suggests the presence of a compact, active galactic nucleus, a simple starburst model can explain the bolometric luminosities, production rates of ionizing photons, and H24 line luminosities of each active region in Arp 299. However, each starburst cannot last longer than 10 to the 8th yr.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 407 salivary glands neoplasms in surgically treated patients in 2010-2020.

INTRODUCTION Tumors of the salivary glands account for approximately 3 to 4% of all head and neck neoplasms. It is estimated that 10-15% of them are malignant. The most common benign tumor is pleomorphic adenoma, while the most common malignant tumors are adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Neoplasms of the salivary glands are extremely histologically diverse, which results from the complex embryogenesis of the salivary glands. The identified risk factors for tumors of the salivary glands are: ultraviolet radiation, ionizing radiation, viral infections, nicotine and alcohol. MATERIAL AND METHOD The aim of the study was an epidemiological analysis of patients with salivary gland neoplasms, the distribution and histopathological characteristics of individual neoplasms treated at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Medical University of Warsaw in 2010-2020. The diagnoses were analyzed according to the latest WHO 2017 histological classification of salivary gland tumors. In addition, the material was supplemented with data on the 5-year survival rates of patients with malignant neoplasms obtained from the Registry of Marital Status. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The material contained 407 neoplasms of the salivary glands over a 11-year period, of which malignant neoplasms accounted for 17.4%. The malignant tumors were dominated by: adenoid cystic carcinoma (28,2%), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (12,7%), and acinic cell carcinoma (9,9%). Lymphomas (15,5%) were also a large group. The benign neoplasms were dominated by pleomorphic adenoma (54.1%) and Warthin's tumor (36%). Tumors of the salivary gland the most often affected the parotid gland (92%). CONCLUSIONS The obtained data are consistent with the general epidemiological data described in the current literature.
Experimental verification of super resolution in nonlinear inverse scattering

This letter presents an experimental verification of the super-resolution phenomenon in a nonlinear inverse scattering algorithm, namely the distorted Born iterative method, by using an experimental setup based on a recently developed time-domain ultra-wide-band radar imaging system at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The experimental result also demonstrates that the distorted Born iterative method can recover information on the backside of a penetrable scatterer even though scattering data are collected only from limited viewing angles on the front side of the scatterer.
Simulation and Quantitative Clarification of AC Susceptibility of Magnetic Fluid in Nonlinear Brownian Relaxation Region

The nonlinear Brownian rotational relaxation of magnetic fluids for the case of large excitation field was studied in relation to its biomedical applications. The Fokker–Planck equation, which describes the nonlinear behavior of magnetic fluids, was solved by numerical simulation when a large step or a sinusoidal field was applied. Deviations from the Debye theory were quantitatively clarified. First, it was shown that the response time of the magnetic fluids became shorter than the Brownian relaxation time for a larger excitation field, which can be expressed in terms of the field-dependent Brownian relaxation time. Next, the amplitude of the ac susceptibility became lower for larger excitation fields, and the frequency characteristic of the ac susceptibility moved to a higher frequency compared with that predicted by the Debye theory. Finally, higher harmonics occurred with increasing excitation fields. Approximate equations, that describe such nonlinear behaviors reasonably well, were also obtained. These equations are expected to be useful for developing biosensors based on Brownian relaxation.
Differential Engagement of Inhibitory and Excitatory Cardiopulmonary Reflexes by Capsaicin and Phenylbiguanide in C57BL/6 Mice.

The Bezold-Jarisch reflex is a powerful inhibitory reflex initiated by activation of cardiopulmonary vagal nerves during myocardial ischemia, hemorrhage, and orthostatic stress leading to bradycardia, vasodilation, hypotension and vasovagal syncope. This clinically relevant reflex has been studied by measuring heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) responses to injections of a variety of chemical compounds. We hypothesized that reflex responses to different compounds vary due to differential activation of vagal afferent subtypes and/or variable co-activation of excitatory afferents. HR and MAP responses to intravenous injections of the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin and the serotonin 5-HT3 receptor agonist phenylbiguanide (PBG) were measured in anesthetized C57BL/6 mice before and after bilateral cervical vagotomy. Capsaicin and PBG evoked rapid dose-dependent decreases in HR and MAP followed by increases in HR and MAP above baseline. Bezold-Jarisch reflex responses were abolished after vagotomy, while the delayed tachycardic and pressor responses to capsaicin and PBG were differentially enhanced. The relative magnitude of bradycardic vs. depressor responses (↓HR/↓MAP) in vagus-intact mice was greater with capsaicin. In contrast, after vagotomy the magnitude of excitatory tachycardic vs. pressor responses (-↑HR/--↑MAP) was greater with PBG. While capsaicin-induced increases in MAP and HR post-vagotomy were strongly attenuated or abolished after administration of the ganglionic blocker hexamethonium, PBG-induced increases in MAP and HR were mildly attenuated and unchanged, respectively. We conclude that responses to capsaicin and PBG differ in mice, with implications for delineating the role of endogenous agonists of TRPV1 and 5-HT3 receptors in evoking cardiopulmonary reflexes in pathophysiological states.
Simplicity of Partial Skew Group Rings of Abelian Groups

Abstract Let $A$ be a ring with local units, $E$ a set of local units for $A$ , $G$ an abelian group, and $\alpha$ a partial action of $G$ by ideals of $A$ that contain local units. We show that $\text{A}\,{{\star }_{\alpha }}\,G$ is simple if and only if $A$ is $G$ -simple and the center of the corner $e{{\delta }_{0}}\left( \text{A}\,{{\star }_{\alpha }}\,G \right)e{{\delta }_{0}}$ is a field for all $e\,\in \,E$ . We apply the result to characterize simplicity of partial skew group rings in two cases, namely for partial skew group rings arising from partial actions by clopen subsets of a compact set and partial actions on the set level.
Meaningless imitation in neurodegenerative diseases: Effects of body part, bimanual imitation, asymmetry, and body midline crossing

ABSTRACT Visuo-imitative apraxia has been consistently reported in patients with dementia, yet there have been substantial methodological differences between studies, while multiple, sometimes competing hypotheses have been put forward to explain this syndrome. Our goals were to study specific imitation deficits in groups of patients who have been selected and assigned to a group solely based on clinical criteria. We tested the effects of body part, bimanual imitation, asymmetry of the model, and body midline crossing, in patients with cortical atrophy of the temporal lobes (semantic dementia, SD), frontal-parietal networks (FPN, i.e., posterior cortical atrophy and corticobasal syndrome) or both (Alzheimer's disease, AD). Sixty-three patients and 32 healthy controls were asked to imitate 45 meaningless finger/hand, uni-/bimanual, asymmetrical/symmetrical, and crossed/uncrossed postures. SD patients had subnormal imitation scores. FPN patients showed frequent and marked deficits in most conditions, better performance with hand than finger postures (probably because of visuo-constructive deficits), and better performance with uncrossed than crossed configurations (probably because of body schema disorganization). Bimanual configurations were difficult for AD patients, not because of bimanual activity in itself, but rather because of the complexity of the model. The finding of dissociations in 34/63 cases (54%) suggests that some patients, even within the same clinical category, can have variable performance in imitation tests as a function of the abovementioned factors. Clinicians are advised to use tests with a large array of items to properly capture patients’ imitation skills. This provides a new basis for future research to unpack which neurocognitive mechanisms are disrupted to cause specific patterns of impaired imitation.
circRNA circSnx12 confers Cisplatin chemoresistance to ovarian cancer by inhibiting ferroptosis through a miR-194-5p/SLC7A11 axis

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most common gynecological malignancy worldwide, and chemoresistance occurs in most patients, resulting in treatment failure. A better understanding of the molecular processes underlying drug resistance is crucial for development of efficient therapies to improve OC patient outcomes. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) and ferroptosis play crucial roles in tumorigenesis and resistance to chemotherapy. However, little is known about the role(s) of circRNAs in regulating ferroptosis in OC. To gain insights into cisplatin resistance in OC, we studied the ferroptosis-associated circRNA circSnx12. We evaluated circSnx12 expression in OC cell lines and tissues that were susceptible or resistant to cisplatin using quantitative real-time PCR. We also conducted in vitro and in vivo assays examining the function and mechanism of lnc-LBCSs. Knockdown of circSnx12 rendered cisplatin-resistant OC cells more sensitive to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo by activating ferroptosis, which was at least partially abolished by downregulation of miR-194-5p. Molecular mechanics studies indicate that circSnx12 can be a molecular sponge of miR-194-5p, which targets SLC7A11. According to our findings, circSnx12 ameliorates cisplatin resistance by blocking ferroptosis via a miR-194-5p/SLC7A11 pathway. CircARNT2 may thus serve as an effective therapeutic target for overcoming cisplatin resistance in OC.
The onset and development of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the Venus ionopause

The paper investigates the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the Venus ionopause resulting from the flow of the (shocked) solar wind tangential to the ionopause for the case where the interplanetary field is oriented normal to the direction of flow. It is found that gravity stabilizes the long wavelength perturbations, and the finite thickness of the boundary layer stabilizes short wavelength modes. The magnetic 'gyroviscosity' due to finite Larmor radius effects either destabilizes the boundary or stabilizes it according to whether the solar wind electric field points away from or toward the ionosphere. For solar wind and ionosphere plasma parameters consistent with Pioneer Venus observations, it is found that the instabilities with the greatest growth rates (shortest growth times) have wavelengths of 50-150 km and growth times of 0.5 to several seconds. In addition, it is found how distortion of the ionopause by Kelvin-Helmholtz instability might lead to the formation of magnetic 'flux ropes' inside the ionosphere as well as ionospheric 'bubbles' embedded in the solar wind.
Mutation of the attractin gene impairs working memory in rats

Attractin (ATRN) is a widely expressed member of the cell adhesion and guidance protein family in humans that is closely related to cellular immunity and neurodevelopment. However, while previous studies in our laboratory have confirmed the effect of ATRN mutations on long‐term memory, its specific role and the molecular mechanism by which it influences spatial cognition are poorly understood.
Modifiers of radiation effects on breast cancer incidence revealed by a reanalysis of archival data of rat experiments

Abstract Cancer risk after exposure to ionizing radiation can vary between individuals and populations, but the impact of factors governing those variations is not well understood. We previously conducted a series of carcinogenesis experiments using a rat model of breast cancer, in which 1654 rats born in 2002–2012 were exposed to γ rays at various doses and ages with or without non-radiation factors including high-fat diet, parity and chemical carcinogens. We herein reanalyze the incidence data from these archival experiments to clarify the effect of age at exposure, attained age, radiation dose and non-radiation factors (i.e. fat, parity, chemicals and birth cohorts) on radiation-related mammary cancer incidence. The analysis used excess relative risk (ERR) and excess absolute risk (EAR) models as well as generalized interaction models. Age-at-exposure dependence displayed a peak of susceptibility at puberty in both the ERR and EAR models. Attained age decreased ERR and increased EAR per unit radiation dose. The dose response was concordant with a linear model. Dietary fat exhibited a supra-multiplicative interaction, chemicals represented a multiplicative interaction, and parity and birth cohorts displayed interactions that did not significantly depart from additivity or multiplicativity. Treated as one entity, the four non-radiation factors gave a multiplicative interaction, but separation of the four factors significantly improved the fit of the model. Thus, the present study supports age and dose dependence observed in epidemiology, indicates heterogenous interactions between radiation and various non-radiation factors, and suggests the potential use of more flexible interaction modeling in radiological protection.
The Evidential Foundations of Probabilistic Reasoning

Discourse on Evidence The Study of Evidence STRUCTURAL ISSUES I: Studying the Properties of Evidence STRUCTURAL ISSUES II: Inferences Based Upon a Mass of Evidence On the Inferential Force of Evidence The Analysis of Evidential Properties and Subtleties Analyses of Isolated Items of Evidence Analyses of Recurrent Combinations of Evidence Discovery and the Generation of Evidence End of Discourse.
Locally Finite Groups All of Whose Subgroups are Boundedly Finite over Their Cores

For n a positive integer, a group G is called core‐n if H/HG has order at most n for every subgroup H of G (where HG is the normal core of H, the largest normal subgroup of G contained in H). It is proved that a locally finite core‐n group G has an abelian subgroup whose index in G is bounded in terms of n. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification 20D15, 20D60, 20F30.
Sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacological factors influencing early readmission in mental health settings

Background. Early readmissions (between 24 hours and 30 days after discharge) can be disruptive for psychiatric patients and their families. The aim of this study is to determine the factors influencing this early readmission. Methods. A retrospective case-control study was carried out from 2015 to 2017. Cases were matched with controls with a similar age (± 10 years), admission date (± 30 days), ICD-10 diagnosis and sex. Sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacological factors were examined. Results. 86 cases and 86 controls were chosen. The largest ICD-10 group was F20-29 (70,9%). Statistically significant (SS) factors according to the bivariate analysis were: urban vs. rural living environment (p=0.011); poor subjective pharmacological adherence (Ad Fa, p=0.048); poor objective AdFa (p=0.023); poor social or family support (p=0.019); poor follow-up in psychiatric outpatient consultations (p=0.021); unemployment (p=0.046); and a higher number of readmissions during the previous year (p<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, SS factors were: urban living environment (OR=2.791; 95% CI, 1.017-7.663; p=0.046); poor social or family support (OR=2.255; 95% CI, 1.160-4.384; p=0.017); poor follow-up in psychiatric outpatient consultations (OR=2.156; 95% CI, 1.101-4.223; p=0.025); and a higher number of readmissions during the previous year (OR=1.536; 95% CI, 1.174-2.009; p=0.002). Conclusions. Living in an urban environment; poor Ad Fa; poor social or family support; poor follow-up in psychiatric outpatient consultations; unemployment; and a higher number of readmissions during the previous year were all directly related to early readmissions for psychiatric patients.
Utilization of a Prenatal Palliative Care Consultation Pathway for Congenital Heart Disease

Over 4 decades, short- and long-term survival for children with congenital heart disease (CHD) has significantly increased. Those with complex CHD have a 1-year mortality rate of approximately 25%. Prenatal access to palliative care ensures a comprehensive approach to the infant's physical, emotional, spiritual, and psychosocial well-being and offers enhanced support for parents and families while providing an interprofessional approach to care. Pediatric cardiac provider attitudes, knowledge, patterns of prenatal palliative care, and consultation for fetuses with complex heart disease to guide increased and appropriate prenatal consultation were explored for a quality improvement project completed at a single institution. A retrospective cardiac database review identified that 21.5% of maternal patients seen prenatally and carrying a fetus with complex CHD would have qualified for prenatal palliative care consultation. To increase prenatal palliative care consultation, a pathway for referral was developed. A pre-evaluation of pediatric cardiac provider attitudes regarding palliative care was measured. Survey data informed the intervention phase of prenatal palliative care educational material development, which was presented to pediatric cardiac providers. The number of prenatal palliative care consults was tracked. A postintervention survey completed by pediatric cardiac providers showed increased understanding and utilization of palliative care for comfort and support and not just reserved for death preparation. Greater than 93% agreed or strongly agreed that they gained a better understanding of appropriate use of palliative/supportive care. As pediatric cardiac providers become more knowledgeable about early integration of palliative care, parents and infants will benefit greatly from referrals and initiation of palliative care at the time of prenatal diagnosis.
Implicit and explicit processing on base rate neglect problems

Base rate reasoning as assessed on Base rate neglect (BRN) Tasks has been studied extensively, with a sizable body of findings indicating that both logical (base rate) and belief-based (case description) processing contribute to responses on the task. Various task conditions have been found to influence which type of processing controls responding. The present study compares two instructional sets, one which requires responding in terms of the base rate information and one which requires responding in accordance with the case description. This manipulation allows for a distinction between explicit processing (set-consistent) and implicit processing (set-inconsistent and potentially interfering). We also manipulated the extremity of the base rates employed in the task and the extremity of the stereotypes contained in the case description. We argue that extremity effects should be present in implicit, but not explicit, processing, suggesting that these effects are the result of limitations in the control of set-inconsistent processing. The results generally supported the predictions. In addition, a proclivity for analytical thinking, as measured by actively open-minded thinking (AOT), was associated with less interference of belief-based processing on logical responding, but greater interference of logical processing on belief-based responding.
Hepatic hydrothorax is not associated with increased complications or poor survival after liver transplantation

ABSTRACT Background Hepatic hydrothorax (HH) is associated with a poor prognosis. Liver transplant (LT) is the best treatment modality. We aim to assess post-LT morbidity and mortality in patients with cirrhosis and HH. Research design and methods Adult patients with cirrhosis, who underwent LT at our institution from 2015 to 2020, were retrospectively reviewed. Baseline data was obtained at the time of LT. Patients were followed from baseline until the last follow-up or death. Censoring occurred at the time of the last follow-up or death, whichever occurred earlier. Cumulative incidence of outcomes was determined by the Kaplan–Meier method. Short-term post-operative complications were compared between both groups as well. Results 428 patients had a LT, of which 72 (16.8%) had HH. Most of the baseline characteristics were similar between patients with and without HH; however, patients in the HH group had a higher proportion of pre-operative history of ascites and hepatic encephalopathy. Pre-operative HH was not significantly associated with post-LT mortality (Hazard ratio 1.12, 95% confidence interval 0.54-2.32; P-value 0.76). Patients had similar short-term post-operative complications between both groups. Conclusions LT is an excellent therapeutic option for patients with cirrhosis and HH, with excellent long-term survival without increased morbidity.