Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parenting and child and adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: Early work indicates the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents. Understanding which children may be more at risk for mental health problems, and which risk factors are amenable to change is crucial. The importance of studying children’s mental health within the context of the family system is recognized. Methods: The current study investigated associations between parent factors, and children’s mental health during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic across a number of Western countries (primarily Australia and the United Kingdom). Parents (N = 385) reported on their pandemic-related stress, mental health, and parenting behaviors, in addition to mental health changes in their 5-17 year old children (N = 481) during April/May 2020. Results: Analyses revealed significant associations between parent COVID-19 pandemic stress, parent depression, anxiety and stress symptoms, and increases in child internalizing and externalizing problems. Harsh parenting behavior was associated with trauma symptoms and increases in externalizing problems. Further, some associations were more pronounced for children with existing mental health problems, and for disadvantaged and single parent families. Limitations: The data was cross-sectional, the majority of participant parents were female, and all data were parent-report. Conclusions: Findings suggest the importance of parents in influencing children’s mental health during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further work is needed to investigate longer-term impacts.
Effects of reduced levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the visual cortex

Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in activity dependent processes of the central nervous system like in synaptic transmission and plasticity. The effect of BDNF on synaptic transmission seems to be region specific and also differs according to preand post-synaptic cell types. In this study we further characterized the influence of chronically reduced levels of BDNF on synaptic transmission in the mammalian visual cortex. We used 21-25 days old mice, which partially lack the BDNF coding gene (BDNF +/-), while matched wild type littermates (wt) served as controls. By using whole-cell patch clamp recordings we studied possible presynaptic and postsynaptic alterations for both, the excitatory and inhibitory transmission. Our data revealed that the excitatory synaptic transmission was impaired in the visual cortex of BDNF (+/-) mice. The effect was mainly due to a decreased release of presynaptic glutamate. In contrast, the functional properties of AMPAR and NMDAR mediated currents were not different indicating a preservation of the postsynaptic properties of the glutamatergic neurotransmission. For the inhibitory system, the release probability and frequency of mIPSCs were decreased in BDNF (+/-) mice, whereas the number of release sites was not different. Also the amplitude of evoked and spontaneous inhibitory currents was reduced, and the decay constants were prolonged in BDNF (+/-) mice. In this case alterations were more profound and suggested both preand post-synaptic roles of BDNF. These findings suggest that chronically reduced BDNF depressed both the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the visual cortex, but via different cellular mechanisms, and the effect appears more prominent on the inhibitory system.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF RED SEAWEED EXTRACTS

Red seaweeds are reported to represent the largest group of algae, with more species accounted for than the combination of brown and green seaweeds. Due to the high amount of polysaccharides in red seaweeds, they are mainly utilized for commercial agar and carrageenan production in industry. However, increasing studies indicate other valuable compounds such as lipids and polyphenols could be potential utilized for multiple human needs (e.g., drug development) (1, 2). With increasing studies demonstrating the potential health benefits of seaweed components, two red seaweed species commonly consumed in Asia, hong qı´ lı´n ca`i (HQL), Eucheuma sp and zhe` gu¯ ca`i (ZGC), Caloglossa leprieurii , were investigated on to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of their extractable lipophilic bioactives (ELB) and bound lipophilic bioactives (BLB) in lipopolysaccharide( LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The chemical composition of ELB and BLB was characterized in terms of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total tannin content (TTC), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and etc. Six phenolic compounds were identified in ZGC extracts and one was detected in HQL. All extracts inhibited the nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced macrophages, which was associated with downregulation of iNOS and COX-2 protein expression and up-regulation of HQ-1 and NQO1 protein expression. Overall, our results showed that both ELB and BLB in HQL and ZGC seaweeds presented potential anti-inflammatory activities. These results warrant future investigations to determine the mode of actions of red seaweed bioactives and their efficacy in humans.
The Prevalence of ACME-arcA and PVL Genes Among Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates in a Student Population from North-West of Iran

Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most prevalent cause of skin infections, especially in colonized individuals. Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and Arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) are known as the most common virulence factors of S. aureus. This cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the prevalence of ACME-arcA and PVL genes among S.aureus isolates in the student population. Nasal swab samples were randomly collected from 400 healthy students from Tabriz, Iran. The antibiotic resistance pattern of S.aureus isolates was examined by the disk diffusion method. The presence of ACME-arcA, PVL, and mecA genes was detected by PCR reaction.Results: overall, 15% (60/400) students were nasal carriage of S. aureus and 2.75 % (11/400) were MRSA carriage. The frequency of mecA, ACME-arcA, and PVL genes was 54.54% (36/60), 46.66% (28/60), and 16.66% (10/60) respectively. The prevalence of ACME-arcA and PVL genes was independent of gender (P =0.142, P=0.337, respectively). A notable association was observed between the existence of ACME-arcA gene and the frequency of mecA gene (P <0.05), while the incidence of PVL was independent on mecA. These findings highlight the necessity of monitoring nasal carriers in a healthy community to prevent subsequent infections.
The Value of The Accessory Pathway Potential in Guiding The Electrode Selection for Ablation Within Coronary Sinus

Background: The ablation of the coronary sinus (CS) is becoming more and more important in accessory pathway-related supraventricular tachycardia ablation. In comparison with temperature-controlled catheters (TCC), irrigated-tip catheter (ITC) are more expensive and cause more damage in accessory pathway-related supraventricular tachycardia ablation. We intended to develop a new method for the reasonable selection of electrode for coronary sinus(CS) ablation via assessing the relationship between the accessory pathway (AP) potential and time of successful ablation. Methods：Among the patients who had detected the bypass potential during radiofrequency ablation between 1/1/2015 and 12/31/2019. TCC was performed in 330 patients receiving endocardial ablation. 30 patients underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) in CS. The relationship between AP potential and time of successful ablation was analyzed. Results：330 cases of TCC ablation within the endocardium revealed that the amplitude of AP potential was significantly and negatively correlated with the time of successful ablation (r = -0.79, p < 0.001). In CS ablation, the median baseline amplitude of the AP potentials in patients with successful TCC ablation was higher than that in patients with ITC following TCC ablation failure (p = 0.02). The optimal cutoff value of the amplitude of the AP potential to guide the selection of a catheter for ablation was 1.07 mV, and the sensitivity and specificity were 80% and 90%, respectively. Conclusion：The AP potential is helpful for the electrode selection in CS ablation.
An Extended Rheological Map of Pāhoehoe—‘A‘ā Transition

The pāhoehoe—‘a‘ā morphological transition involves a change in the rheological response of the magmatic suspension from pure viscous to complex rheological behavior, resulting in the development of tear‐apart features. Here, we present a suite of concentric cylinder experiments aimed at studying the effects of cooling and shear rates on the rheology of a phonotephrite melt in response to crystallization. Experiments were conducted at: (a) isothermal subliquidus temperatures of 1,167–1,189°C and shear rates of 1–3 s−1; (b) constant cooling rates of 1–10°C/min and shear rates of 1–20 s−1. We defined the viscosity‐temperature‐time window of lava solidification, as well as the transition from coherent flow to shear localization and physical separation (i.e., viscous rupture). Through this approach, we mapped the processes and timescales affecting pāhoehoe—‘a‘ā transition in natural lavas at variable cooling and shear rates. Under disequilibrium conditions, as the cooling rate increases, both crystallization onset and viscous rupture occur at lower temperature and earlier in time. Moreover, the time to reach the crystallization onset and viscous rupture also decreases with increasing shear rate. Both increasing cooling and shear rate reduces the critical crystallinity required for viscous rupture, a consequence of the non‐linear interplay between temperature, crystallization kinetics, and melt viscosity. This outcome expands our knowledge on compositional, thermal, and rheological changes in phonotephritic systems. In addition to shear rate and apparent viscosity, comparison with previous measurements on basaltic systems indicates that the pāhoehoe—‘a‘ā transition is sensitive to the composition and cooling path of lavas.
Foreign Technologies and Indigenous Innovation Performance: Evidence from Selected African Countries

This study analyzes the impact of imports and foreign direct investment inflows (FDI) on indigenous innovation in some selected African countries. Panel data of five African countries for the period between 1994 and 2018 is analyzed using trademark applications by residents as proxy for indigenous innovation. A vector error correction model is employed to analyze the short-run causality between variables, and fully modified ordinary least squares to analyze the long-run dynamics among variables. The results show that, on the whole, imported inputs have significant and positive effect on indigenous innovation output, while FDI has negative effects. Policy formulation in the region should encourage imports aimed at creating novel products.
If Loud Aliens Explain Human Earliness, Quiet Aliens Are Also Rare

If life on Earth had to achieve n “hard steps“ to reach humanity's level, then the chance of this event rose as time to the nth power. Integrating this over habitable star formation and planet lifetime distributions predicts >99% of advanced life appears after today, unless n < 3 and max planet duration <50 Gyr. That is, we seem early. We offer this explanation: a deadline is set by loud aliens who are born according to a hard steps power law, expand at a common rate, change their volume appearances, and prevent advanced life like us from appearing in their volumes. Quiet aliens, in contrast, are much harder to see. We fit this three-parameter model of loud aliens to data: (1) birth power from the number of hard steps seen in Earth’s history, (2) birth constant by assuming a inform distribution over our rank among loud alien birth dates, and (3) expansion speed from our not seeing alien volumes in our sky. We estimate that loud alien civilizations now control 40%–50% of universe volume, each will later control ∼ 105–3 × 107 galaxies, and we could meet them in ∼200 Myr–2 Gyr. If loud aliens arise from quiet ones, a depressingly low transition chance (<∼10−4 ) is required to expect that even one other quiet alien civilization has ever been active in our galaxy. Which seems to be bad news for the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. But perhaps alien volume appearances are subtle, and their expansion speed lower, in which case we predict many long circular arcs to find in our sky.
Survey of Livestock Counting and Tracking Methods

Conventional livestock counting methods are tedious, time-consuming, and labor-intensive for farmers, which makes counting an irregular task. This inability to constantly monitor stock numbers gives farm rustlers sufficient time to steal farm animals and hence leads to a significant financial loss annually. To overcome this issue, research using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in pastoral farming is growing progressively since the last decade, but their use is still limited to some extent. This research article gives a detailed analysis of the existing hardware-based and software-based methods. The impact of shifting from current methods to a UAV-based system is discussed using the findings of research articles, and algorithms for object detection in images and tracking in videos are also analyzed. The article concludes that there are still unexplored practical uses of UAV in pastoral farming for monitoring, counting, and tracking farm animals, especially in countries like New Zealand, where pastoral products cover a major portion of export revenue.
The SUMO-Stress Response (SSR) in Normal and Cancerous Cells

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 A Large Fraction of the Proteome is Sumoylated ---------------------------------------------3 Cells Utilize the SUMO-Stress Response (SSR) to Cope with Stress -----------------------5 SSR and the Stress Resilience of Cancer Cells ------------------------------------------------7 A Novel Fluorescent SUMO-Trapping UTAG Reagent can Detect Increases in SUMO 8 Specific Aims --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 MATERIALS AND METHODS -----------------------------------------------------------------------12 Cell Culture and Maintenance -----------------------------------------------------------------12 Expression of kmUTAG-fl and in vitro Assays -----------------------------------------------12 SUMO-staining with kmUTAG-fl --------------------------------------------------------------13 Stress Treatment ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------14 Microscopy and Data Analysis -----------------------------------------------------------------15 RESULTS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 DISCUSSION ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28 REFERENCES --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34
Linking the sulfur and carbon cycle by ultrahigh resolution characterization of dissolved organic matter

The aim of the thesis was the characterization of DOM from aquatic ecosystems with intensive sulfur cycling by advanced organic and inorganic analytical techniques. Besides structural spectroscopy, in particular ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry was applied. The DOM characteristics were set into relation with prevailing geochemical parameters and particularly the inorganic sulfur chemistry, so that especially the dependency between the ecosystem conditions and the sulfur organic compound formation was evaluated. For the comparison of the findings from field sites, laboratory experiments on the abiotic formation of sulfur organic compounds by reaction of DOM with inorganic sulfur species under similar conditions were performed.
Adjuvant Hypo Fractionated Whole Breast Radiation therapy: A Review of Literature from Bench to Clinic

late-Abstract Adjuvant Radiotherapy (RT) is an essential part of Breast cancer treatment with proved survival advantage . Although its radiobiological and clinical advantage becoming a standard of care practice in most centers, Hypofractionation (HF) still of a concern in certain clinical situations. Treatment Protocols are still variable across the ocean and worldwide. With the recent publications of the extreme hypofractionation we have a wide range of evidence-based protocols. This is a review of radiobiological bases and current evidence for hypofractionation in breast cancer radiation therapy starting from the basic science base up to the most recent studies.
Microbial functional diversity and enzymatic activity of soil degraded by sulphur mining reclaimed with various waste

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate microbial functional diversity based on community level physiological profiling and β-glucosidase activity changes in soil degraded by sulphur mining and subjected to reclamation with various waste. The experiment was set up in the area of the former ‘Jeziórko’ Sulphur Mine (Poland), on a soilless substrate with a particle size distribution of slightly loamy sand. The experimental variants included the application of post-flotation lime, sewage sludge and mineral wool. The analyses of soil samples included the assessment of the following microbiological indices: β-glucosidase activity and functional diversity average well color development and richness). The results indicate that sewage sludge did not exert a significant impact on the functional diversity of microorganisms present in the reclaimed soil. In turn, the application of other types of waste contributed to a significant increase in the parameters of total metabolic activity and functional diversity of the reclaimed soil. However, the temporal analysis of the metabolic profile of soil microorganisms demonstrated that a single application of waste did not yield a durable, stable metabolic profile in the reclaimed soil. Still, there was an increase in β-glucosidase activity, especially in objects treated with sewage sludge.
Polyphenolic pigments of black tea.

The polyphenolic pigments of black tea include the theaflavins (TF), the flavonol glycosides (FG) and a group of uncharacterised brown pigments referred to as thearubigins (TR). The TR are shown to be a complex, heterogeneous group of compounds, the majority of which are unresolvable by reverse phase HPLC. Fractionation procedures have been modified, developed, combined and applied to black tea liquor, to improve the separation of black tea components and to allow fractions of less complexity be obtained. A degree of resolution has been achieved for TR fractions, unresolvable with reverse phase HPLC, using size exclusion HPLC. Calibration of the column suggested there may be little material above 2,000 daltons associated with the TR. Two heterogeneous TR fractions have been subjected to Porter's autoxidative assay for proanthocyanidins. The resulting solutions were analysed by reverse phase HPLC and shown to contain proanthocyanidins (9.4 and 16.1 %) and galloyl ester (7.1 and 7.4 %), some 73 and 84 % remains uncharacterised. A novel group of yellow pigments has been isolated for which the name theacitrins (TC) has been proposed. Data are presented that suggest the TC are possibly derived from the TF by oxidative opening of the dihydroxybenzene ring associated with the benztropolone structure. The contribution of the phenolic pigments to tea cream was investigated using reversed phase HPLC and found to be ? 86 % TR, 12 % TF and 2 % FG. Evidence is also presented for a synergistic interaction between TF and TR during cream formation. A method has been developed, using caffeine precipitation, for the isolation of TR material that is free from TF and FG Tea pigments have been stored in aqueous solutions to evaluate their potential for use as commercial colourants. The TF and TC were found to possess poor stability. The FG exhibited greater stability but possess low tinctoral power and poor water solubility. Many of the stability trials exhibited a darkening of colour associated with an increase in unresolvable TR material. Storage of an aqueous solution of a TF enriched fraction at 37 °C resulted in the production of unresolvable (TR-like) material. This material was found to possess molecular weights in excess of 2,000, indicating polymerisation. Evidence is presented to suggest the involvement of galloyl groups in the formation of non-hydrolysable bonds within this polymeric material.
Rural vs Urban: Teachers' Obstacles and Strategies in Mathematics Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic

During the pandemic of COVID-19, numerous obstacles arose in education, and some strategies were necessary to tackle them. This study adopted a qualitative approach to investigate teachers' difficulties in mathematics learning in rural and urban areas and how they solved them. The findings revealed that motivation, productivity, and activity are the main problems of the teachers. Accessibility also poses a difficulty for teachers in rural areas. Several strategies were implemented to solve these obstacles, including using technology, maintaining communication with families, providing flexibility, reducing the number of tasks and quizzes, and peer teaching.
EFFECT OF INFORMAL CREDIT TO MAIZE PRODUCTOVITY IN SUMBAWANGA RURAL AND MBOZI DISTRICTS IN TANZANIA

This study aimed at examining the effect of informal credit to maize productivity of rural smallholder farmers in Sumbawanga rural and Mbozi districts in Tanzania. The study was guided by the theory of financial intermediation and neoclassical economic growth theory. The research design was descriptive quantitative in nature where balanced panel data for the year 2018 to 2020 was used. Random effect model was used to analyze 321 sample observations of the collected secondary data which involved 107 individuals. The results indicated that informal credit has significant and positive effect on maize productivity. It was also revealed that informal credit has significant and positive association with maize productivity. The study concludes that informal credit is predictor of maize productivity to rural smallholder farmers in Tanzania. Thus, it is recommended that policy makers (government) should set policies that encourage the increase of financial access points, reduced transaction costs and enrolling agricultural trustworthy agents in rural areas. Keyword Informal credit, smallholder farmers and maize productivity.