Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
I. EFFECT OF REPEATED INJECTIONS OF HORSE SERUM IN RABBITS FED A DIETARY CHOLESTEROL SUPPLEMENT*

Injury to the arterial wall is probably a primary causative factor in arterial atherosclerosis (athero-arteriosclerosis) (1-6). The injury and local changes that develop in reaction to it may favor deposition and accumulation of blood-borne lipid at the site of the reaction. To discover the causes of the injury and determine the nature of the local reactive changes are of basic importance to the understanding of human athero-arteriosclerosis. In this connection, the likelihood that syphilitic injury to the aorta can lead to aortic atherosclerosis comes to mind (1, 7, 8). In a large proportion of attacks of rheumatic fever, injUry to cardiac valves occurs and can lead to valvular sclerosis, and in some cases atherosclerosis evolves. Rheumatic injury to small and medium sized arteries, especially of the heart, also occurs frequently and can lead to sclerosis of these vessels (9-16). Furthermore, rheumatic injury to large coronary arteries and the aorta, especially its thoracic portion, can occur and lead to sclerosis of these vessels (13-19). In some of these large arteries, as in some of the cardiac valves, atherosclerosis may evolve (20-22). Data obtained from clinical observation and from experiment indicate that allergy is probably a very important causative factor in rheumatic cardiovascular disease (16, 23-27). Allergy may also be an important causative factor in syphilitic cardiovascular disease (28, 29). Allergy to other antigens, including those in infecting micro-
The relative contribution of visual cues and acoustic enhancement strategies in improving speech perception of individuals with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorders

Background and Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the relative benefits of visual cue supplementation and acoustic enhancement in improving speech perception of individuals with Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorders (ANSD). Methods: The study utilized repeated measure research design. Based on the purposive sampling 40 participants with ANSD were selected. They were assessed for their speech identification of monosyllables in auditory only (A), visual only (V), and auditory-visual (AV) modalities. In the A and AV modalities, the perception of the primary, temporally enhanced, and spectrally enhanced syllables were assessed in quiet as well as 0 dB signal to noise ratio (SNR) conditions. The identification scores were compared across modalities, stimuli, and conditions to derive the relative benefits of visual cues and acoustic enhancement on speech perception of individuals with ANSD. Results: The group data showed a significant effect of modality with the mean identification score being the maximum in AV modality. This was true both in quiet and 0 dB SNR. The mean identification scores in quiet were significantly higher compared to that in 0 dB SNR. However, acoustic enhancement of speech did not significantly enhance speech perception. When acoustic enhancement and visual cues were simultaneously provided, speech perception was determined only by visual cues. The evidence from individual data showed that most of the individuals benefit from AV modality. Conclusions: The findings indicate that both auditory and visual modality needs to be facilitated in ANSD to enhance speech perception. The acoustic enhancements in the current form have negligible influence. However, the inference shall be restricted to the perception of stop consonants.
The effects of Matricaria chamomilla L.hydroalcoholic extract on atherosclerotic plaques, antioxidant activity, lipid profile and inflammatory indicators in rats

Introduction: Treatment of cardiovascular risk factors seems to be necessary and involves a number of changes in drug treatment and lifestyle. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Matricaria chamomilla L. hydroalcoholic extract on antioxidant activity, atherosclerotic plaques, lipid profile and inflammatory indicators in rats. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five experimental groups consisting of group 1 (Sham; normal dietary), group 2 (control; high cholesterol diet (2%)), group 3 (high cholesterol diet plus 55 mg/kg of chamomile hydroalcoholic extract), group 4 (high cholesterol diet plus 110 mg/kg of chamomile hydroalcoholic extract), and group 5 (high cholesterol diet plus 10 mg/kg of lovastatin). At the beginning and end of the study, blood samples of all the animals were taken for determination of antioxidant activity and the level of biochemical parameters. The hearts and aorta were also isolated for ontological tests. Results: No symptom of plaque formation was observed in experimental groups 3, 4 and 5 that received the high cholesterol diet. High cholesterol diet (2%) resulted in a significant increase in serum cholesterol level, TG and LDL-c levels in groups 2 and 3 as compared to group 1 (P<0.001). No significant difference was observed in serum cholesterol, TG and LDL-c levels in experimental groups 4 and 5, compared to experimental group 1. In group 4, serum HDL-c concentration did not show significant changes as compared to group 1. In groups 4 and 5, no significant change was observed in inflammatory factors as compared to group 1. The levels of superoxide dismutase in red blood cells and malondialdehyde in plasma of groups 3 and 5 showed no significant change when compared with group 1. Conclusion: Chamomile led to the management and correction of changes in risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.
ROLE OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR IN THE OF RAT SYMPATHETIC NEURONS IN VITRO

Adrenergic sympathetic neurons were grown for 4 wk in submaximal and saturating concentrations of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the virtual absence of non-neuronal cells. In 0.2 or 5/. ~g/ml 7S NGF, the neurons gradually decreased in number during the first week, although fewer neurons died at the higher level. No significant change in cell number was observed thereafter. Total neuronal protein, a measure of cell growth, increased linearly with age in both concentrations of NGF. At each age, neurons in high N G F exhibited greater growth per cell than those in low NGF. The ability of neurons to produce catecholamine (CA) increased dramatically during the second and third weeks in both concentrations of NGF, and along a similar time-course, although neurons in submaximal N G F developed a lesser capacity for CA production. As neurons developed in culture, they became less dependent on N G F for survival and CA production, but even in older cultures, 5 0 % of the neurons died when N G F was withdrawn.
Effects of motor scale, visual scale, and quantization on small target acquisition difficulty

Targets of only a few pixels are notoriously difficult to acquire. Despite many attempts at facilitating pointing, the reasons for this difficulty are poorly understood. We confirm a strong departure from Fitts' Law for small target acquisition using a mouse and investigate three potential sources of problems: motor accuracy, legibility, and quantization. We find that quantization is not a problem, but both motor and visual sizes are limiting factors. This suggests that small targets should be magnified in both motor and visual space to facilitate pointing. Since performance degrades exponentially as targets get very small, we further advocate the exploration of uniform, target-agnostic magnification strategies. We also confirm Welford's 1969 proposal that motor inaccuracy can be modeled by subtracting a “tremor constant” from target size. We argue for the adoption of this model, rather than Fitts' law, when reflecting on small target acquisition.
VP7 Genotypes of Group A Rotavirus Isolated from Infants and Toddlers with Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Jeju

Departments of Pediatrics and *Internal Medicine, Cheju National University College of Medicine, Jeju Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Purpose: Efficacy of the new rotavirus vaccines (Rotarix, RotaTeq) recently developed can be affected by the rotavirus genotypes prevalent in communities. We performed this study to identify the recent distribution of rotavirus genotypes prevalent in Jeju. Methods: Genotyping of human rotaviruses was performed using 81 samples collected from 154 inpatients and outpatients with rotavirus gastroenteritis at Cheju National University Hospital between July 2005 and June 2006. All six (1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9) G serotypes were identified by amplification of segments of the gene for VP7 using the reverse transcription-polymerase reaction (RTPCR). Results: The results of RT-PCR for 81 samples were all positive. G typing of the VP7 protein showed that G1 was the most dominant circulating genotype (65.5%) followed by G2 (14.8%), G3 (13.6%), G8 (1.2%), G9 (1.2%), G4 (0%), and a combination of G1/G3 (3.7%). Conclusion: This distribution of rotavirus VP7 genotypes in Jeju is different from that in other domestic areas; the most dominant circulating genotype was G1. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2006; 9: 147∼152)
Psychotropic Medications Weight Gain: A Clinical Dilemma Looked Through the Lens of Therapeutic Challenges, Complementary Approaches and Pharmacotherapies

Background: Psychotropic drugs especially second generation of antipsychotics and antidepressants are used in psychiatric patients with severe mental disorders. These disorders are associated with weight gain and obesity that poses clinical challenges. This needs individualisedtailored integrative interventions including the promotion of health and wellbeing. Objective: The review critically assimilates evidence-based data on several aspects of psychotropic-induced weight gain with a focus on therapeutic challenges and multidimensional integrative management strategies along with pharmacological interventions. Methods: Electronic searches of three databases (from 2000 to 2018) using Boolean operators and keywords retrieved thousands of peer-reviewed articles published in scientific journals. Based on exclusion and inclusion criteria 141 pertinent articles were retained for this review. Original Research Article Qureshi and Alahmari; JOCAMR, 6(3): 1-22, 2018; Article no.JOCAMR. 45315 2 Results: Overweight in psychiatric patients on weight increasing psychotropic medications is associated with a variety of adverse consequences and therapeutic challenges. Overweight and obesity is reported to need a multimodal patient-centred approaches regarding lifestyle changes, dietary modifications and medicinal herbs, cognitive behavioural therapy, motivational psychotherapy and weight controlling pharmacological interventions. Multimodal treatment directed towards overweight is often delivered by a multidisciplinary team in well-equipped clinical settings. Symptom relief from the primary psychiatric illness is necessary for this strategy to work. Conclusion: Although overweight or obesity secondary to psychotropic medication poses a number of treatment challenges, an integrative intervention that combines complementary therapies with conventional medications appears to work best. This review calls for comparative research to determine the most effective strategies to combat weight gain in psychiatric populations.
HISTOCOMPATIBILITY STUDIES IN A CLOSELY BRED COLONY OF DOGS

The segregation of the canine DL-A leukocyte group antigen(s) b, c, d, e, f, g, h, k, l, and m has been traced in 141 consecutive matings in the Cooperstown Colony of beagles. All of the leukocyte antigen(s) were regularly transmitted en bloc from parent to offspring, with no instance of independent segregation. A total of 23 haplotypes, including six different DL-A antigen patterns (gl, bkhfm, bkcd, e, be, fgl) was observed. 31 different DL-A phenotypes were observed in a population of 100 mongrel dogs. A number of statistically significant positive and negative associations between individual DL-A antigenic components occurred in this population. The results support the concept of the DL-A system as a complex immunogenetic system governed by a single region (or locus) of an autosomal pair of chromosomes. Studies of skin, kidney, heart, and liver allografts in the Cooperstown Colony indicated that the longest allograft survivals occur under genetically and serologically defined conditions of donor-recipient DL-A compatibility. Skin and renal allografts generally behaved in parallel fashion, while cardiac allografts survived for longer periods of time (MST = 47.1 days) than kidneys (MST = 28.1 days) or skin (MST = 25.1 days) under conditions of DL-A identity. Heart transplants were rejected at a more rapid rate than kidney, however, in DL-A-incompatible donor-recipient combinations. Liver transplants were accorded the longest survival time (MST = 76.2 days) under conditions of DL-A identity, but were rejected at a rapid rate (MST = 5 days) in DL-A-incompatible nonlittermate donor-recipient pairs. The results provide further evidence that the DL-A system is the principal system of histocompatibility in the canine species. The differences in survival of different organs under similar conditions of donor-recipient DL-A compatibility suggest, however, the existence of a number of unknown variables which may also be capable of significantly affecting allograft behavior.
Preparation of Supernates Containing the Lymphokine That Augments Macrophage Complement Receptor Function

Work from this laboratory has previously demonstrated that the function of the complement receptor of the resident mouse peritoneal macrophage can be converted in vitro from mediating only particle binding to promoting both the binding and ingestion of complement-coated erythrocytes (1, 2). Enhanced complement receptor function is imparted to macrophages by a low molecular weight lymphokine, the generation and elaboration of which require a unique series of cellular interactions (1). Macrophages must first phagocytize IgG-containing immune complexes; these cells thereby acquire the ability to trigger, by a contact-dependent mechanism, T lymphocytes to elaborate the product that augments the complement receptor function of freshly explanted macrophages. The effect of the lymphokine upon macrophages' phagocytic capability is selective and specific for the complement receptor, for lymphokine-treated maerophages do not indiscriminately interiorize all particles bound to their plasma membranes and do not more avidly, more efficiently, or more rapidly phagocytize IgG-coated particles via their Fc receptors (2). All of the cellular and molecular eomponents--macrophages, T lymphocytes, antigen, antibody, immune complexes, and complement components--necessary for both the generation of the lymphokine and the expression of its activity are present at sites of immunologically mediated inflammation. We previously suggested that this lymphokine may be important in a variety of infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic disorders and proposed a model by which the appropriate cellular and molecular interactions might occur in vivo (1). Briefly, microorganisms and tumor cells become coated with both IgG and C3b in the immune host. These offenders also shed antigens that become bound by host antibody. Macrophages present at sites ofimmunologically mediated inflammation are, therefore, exposed to large quantities of immune complexes composed of IgG and either microbial antigens or neoantigens from tumor cells. We proposed that ingestion of these complexes might block or saturate the cells' Fc receptors so that macrophages would be unable to phagocytize via these receptors the offenders they were invited to destroy. In their normal physiologic state, macrophages could bind the microbe or tumor cell via their C3b receptors but could not ingest it and would probably release it when C3b inactivator cleaved C3b; the offender would be unharmed after such an encounter (3, 4). However, ingestion of
Mental Health Status and Marital Satisfaction of Pregnant Women Referring to Health Centers in Kashan, Iran

Background and Aim: Stress during pregnancy can have a lasting effect on the mental health of women after childbirth. Statistics show that about 18% of pregnant women have major or partial depression during pregnancy, but many have not been screened or treated. Lack of treatment can have serious consequences for the mother and her child. The purpose of this study was to determine the mental health status and marital satisfaction of pregnant mothers in Kashan city, Iran in 2015. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study. Using the convenience sampling method 202 pregnant women were selected from four urban health centers in Kashan, Iran and entered the study. Data were collected using a Diagnostic Interview, the General Health-28 Questionnaire and the Golombok Rust Inventory of Marital State. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis, the statistical tests being one-way ANOVA, chi-square test, Pearson correlation test and logistic regression. Results: The results showed that 26.7% of the pregnant women were suffering from psychiatric disorders, the most and least serious disorders being related to physical activity and depression, respectively. About 80% of the women expressed very good marital satisfaction. Further analysis of the data showed statistically significant associations between depression and age and anxiety, insomnia and duration of marriage, marital satisfaction and delivery type, and mental health and marital satisfaction. Furthermore, marital satisfaction had a negative association with education. (p<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that it is essential to develop and implement a therapeutic, psychiatric and health care model for women at risk of psychiatric disorders during pregnancy and after childbirth in the health service delivery system in Iran.
T H E CARRIAGE OF IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY BY SMALL LYMPHOCYTES I N T H E RAT* BY JAMES L. GOWANS,$ M.B., D. I~IL., AND JONATHAN W. UHR, M.D

Although it has been shown that antibody-forming cells arise during secondary responses from dividing precursors (1-3), the origin of these precursors is still a matter of debate. In general terms they may either originate from a line of dividing cells which is formed during primary immunization, or from long-lived cells, also formed during primary immunization, but which only begin to divide after secondary challenge. Attempts have been made to distinguish between these alternative explanations of "immunological memory" by giving a pulse of tritlated thymidine immediately before secondary challenge and determining whether or not the antibody-forming cells become labeled. Experiments of this kind led Nossal and M~ikel~ (4) to conclude that the cells which formed antibody after challenge with Salmonella adelaide in rats arose from large lymphocytes which were already dividing in the animal before the antigen had been given. On the other hand, Cohen and Talmage (5) concluded that the cells which synthesized antibody in response to a secondary challenge with bovine gamma globulin in mice were not dividing in the animal before the challenge; they questioned the conclusions of Nossal and M~ikela on the grounds that reutilization of label might have accounted for their findings. A similar criticism has been made by Mitchell et al. (6).
Diurnal variation of the essential oil of four medicinal plants species in central region of Iran.

The yield of the essential oil from the leaves of Eucalypt (Eucalyptus nicholii), Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), White Cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) and Lawson Cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) shows seasonal and diurnal variation. In order to, aerial shoots of those plants harvested in three times (6, 12 and 18) and then dried in shade condition as natural method. The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation way. This research carried out with 5 replications in random completely design and amount of essential oils measured in any species base on dry mater and data analysis performed with LSD test. Amount of essential oils in both of Lawson Cypress and White Cedar species at 7 h were high in compared with other treatments in 1% level and non significant difference between 12 and 18 times in Lawson Cypress. The results indicated that maximum of essential oil in Eucalypt and Rosemary obtained in 12 and 18 times, respectively that have significant differences with other times in 1% level. According these results we conclude that for obtaining of more yields of essential oil and other volatile compounds, harvesting of matter plants must be accomplished at special time in one day.
Characterisation of partial self-compatibility in the European pear cultivar, ‘Grand Champion’

Summary Most cultivars of European pear (Pyrus communis L.) exhibit S-RNase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility (SI), but the cultivar, ‘Grand Champion’, is partially self-compatible (SC). We used pollination and molecular genetic approaches to study the cause of the partial SC, and its effects on fruit set and quality. ‘Grand Champion’ was genotyped to SbSe by an S-RNase-based cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence marker system. Crossing ‘Grand Champion’ with pollen from an SI cultivar, ‘California’ (SbSe), showed that partial SC was caused by the disruption of pistil function. Of the Sb- and Se-RNase alleles cloned from ‘Grand Champion’, the Sb-RNase allele had two nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions compared with the Sb-RNase allele previously cloned from ‘Doyenné du Comice’, but it retained the typical primary structure of S-RNases of the Maloideae. The sequence of the Sb-RNase allele from ‘Grand Champion’ was also obtained from two SI cultivars: ‘Joséphine de Malines’ and ‘Urbaniste’. Similar levels of Sb- and Se-RNase allele transcripts were found in the pistils of the partially SC and SI cultivars. Sb- and Se-haplotypes in the selfed progeny of ‘Grand Champion’ segregated in a 1:1 ratio. ‘Grand Champion’ fruits formed by self-pollination were the same size and quality as those formed by cross-pollination. Our results suggest that partial SC was not caused by a mutation in the S-RNase allele. The partial SC in ‘Grand Champion’ results in efficient fruit set and fruit of economic size and quality.
Effect of Antilymphocyte Globulin on the Hemolysin Plaque-Forming Cell Response to Sheep Erythrogytes

A knowledge of the site of action of antilymphocyte serum is required in order to develop a meaningful in vitro assay of its immunosuppressive activity and to gain insight into its mechas~ism of action. Mice treated with antilymphocyte serum exhibit defects similar in nature to those characteristically found in neonatally thymectomized mice. Thus, in general, cell-mediated immune responses are depressed to a greater extent than humoral antibody responses (1, 2) and cell depletion involves particularly that class of lymphocytes found in the periarteriolar lymphocyte sheaths of the spleen and diffuse cortex of the lymph nodes (1-4), that is in those areas traversed by long-rived recirculating small lymphocytes (5). The question may thus be raised as to whether antilymphocyte serum might act selectively on a population of lymphocytes the development of which is under thymus control. The previous papers of this series have indicated that the IgM response of mice to sheep erythrocytes requires an interaction between thymus-derived antigen-reactive cells and bone marrow-derived antibody-forming cell precursors (6, 7). Neonatally thymectomized mice challenged with sheep red blood cells fail to produce in their spleens a normal number of hemolysin-forming cells (8). This deficiency can be corrected by injecting either thoracic duct cells (6, 8) or thymus cells (6). The restorative capacity of thymus cells clearly identifies the specific cellular defect induced by thymectomy since the cell population of the thymus, unlike that of thoracic duct lymph, contains no antibody-forming cell precursors (7).