Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Cell-Division Cycle

1. Agarwal R, Cohen-Fix O (2002). "Phosphorylation of the mitotic regulator Pds1/securin by Cdc28 is required for efficient nuclear localization of Esp1/separase. " Genes Dev 16(11): 1371-1382. 2. Alberghina L, Rossi RL, Querin L, Wanke V, Vanoni M (2004). "A cell sizer network involving Cln3 and Far1 controls entrance into S phase in the mitotic cycle of budding yeast. " J Cell Biol 167(3): 433-443. 3. Alexandru G, Uhlmann F, Mechtler K, Poupart MA, Nasmyth K (2001). "Phosphorylation of the cohesin subunit Scc1 by Polo/Cdc5 kinase regulates sister chromatid separation in yeast. " Cell 105(4): 459-472. 4. Althoefer H, Schleiffer A, Wassmann K, Nordheim A, Ammerer G (1995). "Mcm1 is required to coordinate G2-specific transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. " Mol Cell Biol 15(11): 5917-5928. 5. Archambault V, Chang EJ, Drapkin BJ, Cross FR, Chait BT, Rout MP (2004). "Targeted proteomic study of the cyclin-Cdk module. " Mol Cell 14(6): 699-711. 6. Archambault V, Li CX, Tackett AJ, Wasch R, Chait BT, Rout MP, Cross FR (2003). "Genetic and biochemical evaluation of the importance of Cdc6 in regulating mitotic exit. " Mol Biol Cell 14(11): 4592-4604. 7. Asano S, Park JE, Sakchaisri K, Yu LR, Song S, Supavilai P, Veenstra TD, Lee KS (2005). "Concerted mechanism of Swe1/Wee1 regulation by multiple kinases in budding yeast. " Embo J 24(12): 2194-2204. 8. Azzam R, Chen SL, Shou W, Mah AS, Alexandru G, Nasmyth K, Annan RS, Carr SA, Deshaies RJ (2004). "Phosphorylation by cyclin B-Cdk underlies release of mitotic exit activator Cdc14 from the nucleolus. " Science 305(5683): 516-519. 9. Bembenek J, Kang J, Kurischko C, Li B, Raab JR, Belanger KD, Luca FC, Yu H (2005). "Crm1-Mediated Nuclear Export of Cdc14 is Required for the Completion of Cytokinesis in Budding Yeast. " Cell Cycle 4(7). 10. Berset C, Griac P, Tempel R, La Rue J, Wittenberg C, Lanker S (2002). "Transferable domain in the G(1) cyclin Cln2 sufficient to switch degradation of Sic1 from the E3 ubiquitin ligase SCF(Cdc4) to SCF(Grr1). " Mol Cell Biol 22(13): 4463-4476. 11. Burton JL, Solomon MJ (2000). "Hsl1p, a Swe1p inhibitor, is degraded via the anaphase-promoting complex. " Mol Cell Biol 20(13): 4614-4625. 12. Burton JL, Solomon MJ (2001). "D box and KEN box motifs in budding yeast Hsl1p are required for APC-mediated degradation and direct binding to Cdc20p and Cdh1p. " Genes Dev 15(18): 2381-2395. 13. Costanzo M, Nishikawa JL, Tang X, Millman JS, Schub O, Breitkreuz K, Dewar D, Rupes I, Andrews B, Tyers M (2004). "CDK activity antagonizes Whi5, an inhibitor of G1/S transcription in yeast. " Cell 117(7): 899-913. 14. de Bruin RA, McDonald WH, Kalashnikova TI, Yates J, 3rd, Wittenberg C (2004). "Cln3
Island Biogeography: Ecology, Evolution and Conservation

PART 1 - ISLANDS AS NATURAL LABORATORIES 1. The natural laboratory paradigm 2. Island environments 3. The biogeography of island life: biodiversity hotspots in context PART 2- ISLAND ECOLOGY 4. Species number games: the macroecology of island biotas 5. Community assembly and dynamics 6. Scale and island ecological theory: towards a new synthesis PART 3- ISLAND EVOLUTION 7. Arrival and change 8. Speciation and the island condition 9. Emergent models of island evolution PART 4- ISLANDS AND CONSERVATION 10. Island theory and conservation 11. Anthropogenic losses and threats to island ecosystems 12. Island remedies: the conservation of islands ecosystems
Assessment of The Functional Integrity of Equine Spermatozoal Membrane Using Hypo-Osmotic Swelling Test

Eighteen ejaculates were collected from three mature Arabian stallions (about 5 years of age) during breeding season. Semen was extended with Tris-yolk fructose extender immediately after collection and evaluated. Diluted semen (0.1 ml) was added to 0.9 ml of Na-citrate-lactose solution to get a final concentration of (50, 100, 150, 200 and 300 mOsm/Kg) and then incubated at 37 ̊C for up to 60 minutes. After each incubation time (0, 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes), the response of the stallion spermatozoa to HOS-test was assessed and the percentage of sperm motility, percentage of spermatozoa with intact acrosome, percentage of spermatozoa with coiled tails and swollen spermatozoa were estimated. The obtained results revealed that, the percentages of motile spermatozoa and spermatozoa with intact acrosomes were significantly (P<0.05) increased, while the percentages of spermatozoa with coiled tails and swollen spermatozoa were significantly (P<0.05) decreased in the extended spermatozoa with Na-citrate-lactose solution at a level of 300 mOsm/Kg as compared to 50, 100, 150 and 200 mOsm/ Kg, during the incubation at 37oC for up to 60 minutes. The prolongation of the time of incubation at 37oC for up to 60 minutes of the extended spermatozoa decreased significantly (P<0.05) the percentages of motile spermatozoa and spermatozoa with intact acrosomes, while increased significantly (P<0.05) the percentages of spermatozoa with coiled tails and swollen spermatozoa extended with Na-citrate-lactose solution at a level of 300 mOsm/ Kg compared to 50, 100, 150 and 200 mOsm/ Kg. In conclusion, HOSt could be recommended for semen evaluation in stallions because it is applicable and inexpensive.
Organic matter accumulation, peat chemistry, and permafrost melting in peatlands of boreal Alberta

Abstract In the discontinuous permafrost zone of boreal western continental Canada, permafrost is limited almost exclusively to ombrotrophic peatlands. Permafrost in peatlands recently has been degrading and continues to degrade at its southern limit across western Canada, with no evidence of regeneration. The melting of permafrost could have dramatic effects on organic matter accumulation, organochemical properties, and nutrient status in peatlands. Our objectives are to quantify differences in peat chemistry (i.e., concentrations of organic fractions, N, P, and S) and rates of organic matter accumulation over the past 200 years between a site with permafrost, a site with degraded permafrost (internal lawn), and three sites with no evidence of permafrost since the last glaciation (continental peatlands: two bogs and one poor fen). Results indicate that peat chemistry may differ according to the presence, absence, or degradation of permafrost. Recent rates of organic matter accumulation follow similar trends over the past 100-200 years in the permafrost and continental bogs; however, net rates of organic matter accumulation are accelerated by 60% in the internal lawn. As decomposition in peatlands is influenced by nutrient limitations and organic matter quality, peat chemistry is likely to be a critical factor in the carbon balance response of boreal peatlands to climate change.
A Versatile Silicon-Silicon Nitride Photonics Platform for Enhanced Functionalities and Applications

Silicon photonics is one of the most prominent technology platforms for integrated photonics and can support a wide variety of applications. As we move towards a mature industrial core technology, we present the integration of silicon nitride (SiN) material to extend the capabilities of our silicon photonics platform. Depending on the application being targeted, we have developed several integration strategies for the incorporation of SiN. We present these processes, as well as key components for dedicated applications. In particular, we present the use of SiN for athermal multiplexing in optical transceivers for datacom applications, the nonlinear generation of frequency combs in SiN micro-resonators for ultra-high data rate transmission, spectroscopy or metrology applications and the use of SiN to realize optical phased arrays in the 800–1000 nm wavelength range for Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) applications. These functionalities are demonstrated using a 200 mm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible pilot line, showing the versatility and scalability of the Si-SiN platform.
The Power of Feedback

Feedback is one of the most powerful influences on learning and achievement, but this impact can be either positive or negative. Its power is frequently mentioned in articles about learning and teaching, but surprisingly few recent studies have systematically investigated its meaning. This article provides a conceptual analysis of feedback and reviews the evidence related to its impact on learning and achievement. This evidence shows that although feedback is among the major influences, the type of feedback and the way it is given can be differentially effective. A model of feedback is then proposed that identifies the particular properties and circumstances that make it effective, and some typically thorny issues are discussed, including the timing of feedback and the effects of positive and negative feedback. Finally, this analysis is used to suggest ways in which feedback can be used to enhance its effectiveness in classrooms.
Distribution and abundance of carangid larvae in the southeastern Brazilian Bight during 1975-1981

Distribution and abundance of the carangid larvae collected during ten survey cruises in the southeastern Brazilian Bight were analyzed. Trachurus lathami was the most abundant species in the surveyed area with 58.54 % of total carangids taken, followed by Chloroscombrus chrysurus with 15.22 % and Decapteruspunctatus with 12.17 %. Larvae of T lathami and D. punctatus were found all over the continental shelf while the distribution of C. chrysurus larvae was limited to the coastal region. Most of the species occurred all year-around but remarkably during spring and summer. This intensive spawning period of most carangid species seems to be related to the seasonal variation of the hydrographie structure of the southeastern coast of Brazil.
Allelopathic effects of parthenin - a sesquiterpene lactone, on germination, and early growth of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.).

The performance of some winter season crops, namely Triticum aestivum, Lens culinaris, Phaseolus mungo, Avena sativa, Trifolium alexandrinum, Brassica juncea and Helianthus annuus was studied in association with Populus deltoides under alley cropping practice in two sets of fields in Punjab, North India. In one, the parent soil was retained (S p ), while in the other, the parent soil was replaced with soil collected from an area devoid of P. deltoides trees (S r ). Germination, plant height and biomass of the crops at 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS) were reduced by 10 to 30% in both the P. deltoides fields compared to the ones without trees (S c ). The observed reduction was more pronounced in S p fields than in S r fields. Maximum reduction was observed in the case of B. juncea and least in T. alexandrinum. Germination and seedling growth of all the test crops except A. sativa and T. aestivum was found to be significantly reduced in response to the aqueous leachates of P. deltoides leaves. Likewise, the seedling length and dry weight of L. culinaris and T. aestivum were significantly reduced in litter amended soil. Litter and soil from P. deltoides fields were found to be rich in phytotoxic phenolics, the amount of which was more in S p fields compared to S r and control fields (S c ). Based on the study, the observed reductions could be attributed to the allelopathic interference of the tree with the crops through the release of phytotoxic phenolics from leaves and litter, which are continuously added to the soil.
Effect of irrigation and drainage requirement on water-use efficiency and yield of pure [crops] and maize (Zea mays)-based intercrops.

A field experiment with 3 levels of water management practices (rainfed with and without drainage, and irrigation with drainage) and 5 cropping systems -maize (Zea mays L.), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), turmeric (Curcuma Jonga L), maize +turmeric ana maize + groundnut was conducted during rainy season of 1990-92. Leaf area index and dry-matter production of all the crops were maximum under irrigation and proper drainage system, Maize-equivalent yield was Significantly highest (8,2 tonnes/ha) in case of maize + tunneric as compared to sole crops as well as maize +groundnut intercropping system during first year. However, during second year, difference between maize + turmeric and maize + groundnut system was not pronounced. Net return during first year did not differ between maize + groundnut and maize + turmeric but during second year maize + groundnut excelled in net return as compared to maize + turmeric.Irrigation with drainage provision resulted in maximum yield equivalence (7.5 tonnes/ha) and net return (Rs 11 752)as compared to other treatments. The water-use efficiency was maximum in case of pure crop of turmeric (0.499 tonne/ha/cm) while in second year it was maximum (0.583 tonne/ha/cm) under sale crop of groundnut.
Effect of Temperature Changes on Competitive and Predator-Prey Interactions in Coastal Epi-Benthic Communities

The response of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica to the presence of the oyster drill Urosalpinx cinerea was examined from July to September 2011. Several aspects of oyster growth were measured, including wet weight, shell weight and left (cupped) shell area for oysters collected near Groton, Connecticut (41.32036 N, -72.06330 W). Wet weight and shell weight growth were significantly higher in the presence of the predator U. cinerea, while tissue weight showed no difference from the control. The control group showed more shell area growth and a much lower ratio of shell weight growth to shell area growth. Differences in shell weight to area ratio indicated that C. virginica dramatically shifted from lateral shell growth to shell thickening in the presence of U. cinerea. This inducible defense has not been previously shown for C. virginica and could play an important role in the predator-prey interaction between
A novel association between a beetle and a snake: Parasitism of Elaphe obsoleta by Nicrophorus pustulatus

Abstract While studying the nesting ecology of black rat snakes (Elaphe obsoleta [Say]; Serpentes: Colubridae) in eastern Ontario, we discovered that their eggs regularly contained larvae of the burying beetle Nicrophorus pustulatus (Herschel) (Coleoptera: Silphidae). The beetle appears to be a parasitoid of the snakes, which may make this the first documented case in which a vertebrate is the host of a parasitoid. Up to 100% of snake eggs in a nest were destroyed by beetles, indicating that N. pustulatus may be a significant, and heretofore unrecognized source of egg mortality for oviparous snakes. Evidence suggests that the association between these two species is well established, and that the beetle may also attack other species of oviparous snakes. Identification of snake eggs as the substrate for reproduction by N. pustulatus solves the mystery of where this species breeds. Also, the large amount of available biomass in communal black rat snake nests may explain why N. pustulatus is so fecund relative to its congeners.
Short-term storage of Prussian carp ova in artificial media.

In order to study the effects of storage media and time of storage on the viability of unfertilized eggs of Prussian carp, Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782), the ova of this fish, outside the ovary (ex situ storage), were stored in Dettlaff extender (111.3 NaCl + 3.3 KCl + 2.1 CaCl2 + 23.8 NaHCO3) and PCACF (Prussian carp Artificial Coelomic Fluid) medium at 4°C and 21°C for 20, 30, 60 and 120 min. For mimicking of ovarian fluid and designing the PCACF medium, obtained ova from 15 female, were filtered and coelomic fluid was separated for chemical composition analysis of ovarian fluid and the PC ACF medium was formulated. This study was done with 16 treatments and 1 control group in 3 replicate. The results shown that maintain duration and storage medium had significant effect on eyed embryos rate, hatching success (P<0.05), but their effect on malformation of larvae was not significant (P>0.05). Also, temperature had significant effects on percentage of eyed embryos and hatching rate (P<0.05) but no significant effects on number of malformed larvae (P>0.05). Eyed embryo and hatching rates decreased with increasing time. Interactions between time of storage and storage medium and temperature and the resulting effects on eye embryos and hatching rates were significant (P<0.05). Highest eyed embryo and hatching rate between treatments was observed in PCACF, 20 min storage and 4 °C (PCACF + 20 min + 4 °C) and lowest eyed embryo and hatching rates was observed in Dettlaff + 120 min + 21 °C.
New relationships among the sudden oak death pathogen, bark and ambrosia beetles, and fungi colonizing coast live oaks

Sudden oak death (SOD) has had devastating effects on several oak species in many California coastal forests. Phytophthora ramorum has been identified as the primary causal agent of sudden oak death. While the pathogen may be capable of killing mature trees, it is likely that in nature opportunistic organisms play significant roles in the decline and death of infected trees. For example, we have found elevated landing rates of bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) on mechanically inoculated coast live oaks (Quercus agrifolia) in California. The tunneling activity of these beetles in bleeding cankers on P. ramorum-infected coast live oaks may accelerate mortality and may contribute to catastrophic failures, even while diseased trees retain asymptomatic canopies. The objective of this study was to determine the role of bark and ambrosia beetle infestation in the introduction and/or stimulation of decay fungi associated with tree mortality and breakage. We inoculated coast live oaks with P. ramorum in two forested sites in Marin County in March 2005 and monitored them for signs and symptoms of P. ramorum infection. An additional group of asymptomatic trees was felled to allow colonization by bark and ambrosia beetles. In January and July of 2006, we randomly selected and harvested three P. ramorum inoculated trees and three asymptomatic trees from each of the sites. Trees selected for fungal culturing were in the following categories: (1) Asymptomatic trees; (2) Live symptomatic trees exhibiting only bleeding without obvious beetle attacks; (3) Live symptomatic trees exhibiting bleeding with beetle attacks; 4. Dead symptomatic trees with beetle attacks; (5) Dead asymptomatic trees without beetle attacks; (6) Dead asymptomatic trees with beetle attacks. Trees were cut a minimum of 30 cm below the point of inoculation, generating bolts approximately 70 cm long. Each bolt was cut into 15 cm thick disks. Wood samples (5 to 10 mm wide, four per disk) were collected along cross-sectional transects from the upper surface of each disk and divided into four sections. Each section was placed on one of several types of media: potato dextrose agar, malt extract agar and water agar. We separated and purified morphologically distinct fungal colonies (morphotypes) and amplified the internal transcribed spacer ITS) region of the rDNA operon. Amplicons were sequenced and blasted in GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). The principal taxa isolated from wood samples are described below.
THE ROLE OF PIN CHERRY (PRUNUS PENSYLVANICA L.) IN THE MAINTENANCE OF STABILITY IN NORTHERN

A bhstrt. The design of the life cycle of pin cherry (Prlmlits Ape(/vasO i(mi L. ), a successional xpecies common on disturbed sites througlhout Much of the northern hardwood and boreal forest ecosystems, assures that its occurrence is integrated into the pattern of disturbance in the climax ecosysten. The combination of burlied seed strategy and the nobility offered through avian consuLmption of fruits ensures reasonably large populations of buried, viable seeds in the soils of forests well after the disappearance of pin cherry from a particular site. Soil sampling data indicate that Sufficient numbers of viable pin cherry seeds reside in the soils of second-growth forests in central New Hampshire to account 'for the dense stands frequently observed after cutting or burning. Further, germination of these bur-ied seeds is apparently triggered by some factor(s) associated with formation of a large gap. By ,age 25 or 30, when pin cherry individuals are dying rapidly, Sufficient numbers of seeds have been produced and disseminated in a dormant condition for the cycle to renew itself with the Subsequent occurrence of major disturbance. In high density stands pin cherry grows rapidly, with early attainment of canopy closure (high leaf area index), and rapid attainment of high values of net annual production and nutrient, accunmulaltion.
Integrated pest management and the effects of transgenic cotton on insect communities in Australia: lessons from the past and future directions.

Transgenic Bt cotton has impacted on the Australian cotton industry by largely controlling Lepidopteran pests and contributing to a major reduction in insecticide applications. As a consequence it has strongly supported the development of IPM in Australia. Nevertheless, because of the dominance of Bt cotton, it is important to ascertain what changes have occurred in the invertebrate community because any change may require adjustments to crop management that could impact on the greater community. In our studies of Australian transgenic crops we have found no consistent difference in the diversity or species richness of the beneficial communities in unsprayed Bt and conventional crops, and crop type accounted for about 5% of the variance between these communities. The most consistent differences were higher numbers in conventional crops of Lepidoptera (as expected), Chloropidae and Nabis kinbergii. Some initial findings also indicated that the application of broad-spectrum insecticides in Bt crops (used to control sucking pests) can sometimes flare mites more quickly in Bt than conventional cotton. Therefore, our conclusion is that the positive effect of insecticidal transgenic cotton reducing insecticide applications overshadows the slight differences between transgenic and conventional communities. We discuss the relationship between transgenic cotton and IPM in Australia, and future directions that these technologies may take.