Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal patterns in the mean and extreme temperature indices of India, 1971–2005

This study provides the comprehensive analysis of changes in mean and extreme temperature indices of India to assist the climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies and to add information for the global comparisons, using a high‐resolution daily gridded temperature data set (1° × 1°) during 1971–2005. In addition to the indices recommended by the World Meteorological Organization/CLIVAR Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices, few more indices having social and agricultural implication are investigated at the seasonal and annual scales, utilizing widely adopted statistical methodologies in climate research. The results show, in general, a robust signal of warming, broadly consistent with what has been observed and predicted in other parts of the world in the context of global warming. The frequency and intensity of warm extremes, especially representing the daily minimum temperature, have increased with simultaneous decreases in cold extremes in large parts of the country, but the spatial distribution of the trend magnitude reflects the complex natural climatic settings of India and its possible interaction with the anthropogenic forcing. Seasonal analysis reveals a faster warming in day and night temperatures in winter affecting the major wheat crop. In summer, however, both human and ecosystems appear to be more vulnerable to the increasing tendency of the heatwave occurrences, particularly during night‐time, since the 1990s. The relationship with the large‐scale natural climatic modes indicates that the warming indices tend to increase in the year following the El Niño events as evident from the correlation with the NINO3.4 index, with a relatively higher association in the monsoon season. Moreover, the concurrent correspondence of the summer heatwaves with the north Indian Ocean sea surface temperature suggests a degree of predictability of the heat stress episode.
Modelling the influence of socio-demographic attributes on students’ trip generation at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) campus

ABSTRACT This research investigates the influence of socio-demographic attributes on students’ trip generation on the campus of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST). A cross-sectional and mixed-method approach were employed, collecting primary data from 113 students through an online questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analysis and ordinal logistic regression explored the relationships between generated trips and socio-demographic attributes, including age, household size, vehicle ownership, educational level, income, and trip purpose. Age and household size were significant influencers of trip generation in the multiple linear regression. The ordinal logistic regression showed that, males are 2.40 times more likely to generate higher trip counts than females. Individuals aged 16–21 are 0.11 times less likely to produce more trips compared to older age groups. Single-occupant households have a 0.09 times lower likelihood of generating more trips than households with two or more occupants. However, individuals attending morning and afternoon lectures, only morning lectures, and morning and evening lectures among other activities have substantially higher odds of producing more trips, with odds ratios of 22.14, 15, and 567, respectively, compared to those exclusively attending evening lectures. Recommendations include improving shuttle services, pedestrian infrastructure, and promoting sustainable mobility solutions tailored to student demographics.
SERS investigation of possible extraterrestrial life traces: Experimental adsorption of adenine on a Martian meteorite

Abstract– The identification of adenine by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) on different mineral phases of a Martian meteorite Dar al Gani (DaG) 670 has been adopted as a test to verify the capability of this technique to detect trace amounts of organic or biological substances deposited over, or contained in, extraterrestrial materials. Raman spectra of different phases of meteorite (olivine, pyroxene, and ilmenite), representative of Martian basaltic rocks, have been measured by three laser sources with wavelengths at 785, 632.8, and 514.5 nm, coupled to a confocal micro‐Raman apparatus. Adenine deposited on the Martian meteorite cannot be observed in the normal Raman spectra; when, instead, meteorite is treated with silver colloidal nanoparticles, the SERS bands of adenine are strongly enhanced, allowing an easy and simple identification of this nucleobase at subpicogram level.
Quantifying methane emissions from reservoirs: from basin-scale to discrete analyses with a focus on ebullition dynamics

Methane emission pathways and their importance were quantified during a yearlong survey of a temperate hydropower reservoir. Measurements using gas traps indicated very high ebullition rates, but due to the stochastic nature of ebullition a mass balance approach was crucial to deduce systemwide methane sources and losses. Methane diffusion from the sediment was generally low and seasonally stable and did not account for the high concentration of dissolved methane measured in the reservoir discharge. A strong positive correlation between water temperature and the observed dissolved methane concentration enabled us to quantify the dissolved methane addition from bubble dissolution using a system-wide mass balance. Finally, knowing the contribution due to bubble dissolution, we used a bubble model to estimate bubble emission directly to the atmosphere. Our results indicated that the total methane emission from Lake Wohlen was on average >150 mg CH4 m d, which is the highest ever documented for a mid-latitude reservoir. The substantial temperature-dependent methane emissions discovered in this 90-year-old reservoir indicate that temperate water bodies can be an important but overlooked methane source.
Varieties of diffusion in academic publishing: How status and legitimacy influence growth trajectories of new innovations

Open Access (OA) publishing has progressed from an initial fringe idea to a still‐growing, major component of modern academic communication. The proliferation of OA publishing presents a context to examine how new innovations and institutions develop. Based on analyses of 1,296,304 articles published in 83 OA journals, we analyze changes in the institutional status, gender, age, citedness, and geographical locations of authors over time. Generally, OA journals tended towards core‐to‐periphery diffusion patterns. Specifically, journal authors tended to decrease in high‐status institutional affiliations, male and highly cited authors over time. Despite these general tendencies, there was substantial variation in the diffusion patterns of OA journals. Some journals exhibited no significant demographic changes, and a few exhibited periphery‐to‐core diffusion patterns. We find that although both highly and less‐legitimate journals generally exhibit core‐to‐periphery diffusion patterns, there are still demographic differences between such journals. Institutional and cultural legitimacy—or lack thereof—affects the social and intellectual diffusion of new OA journals.
STRUCTURES AND PROGRAMMES FOR THE CLUSTERS COMPETITIVENESS INCREASE IN ROMANIA

In the last years the European Union 25 and the ne w country members Romania and Bulgaria have had negative growing competitiveness gaps comparatively to the USA, North America and Asia-Pacific Zone. The classical political and managerial approaches, the insufficie nt total radical innovation (integrated in technolo gy, management and policies, competitiveness culture) contributed to t he relative decrease of the Romania's and enlarged EU's competitiveness. Romania and moreover the European Union 27 cannot accept in the XXI st century the persistence of the competitiveness gaps (- �K), which are unfavourable to them. We analyse and characterize the integrated ways for the competitiveness development of the Romanian clusters and enterprises. We propose new structures an d programmes for the sustainable competitiveness increase of the Romanian economy.
Wave Transformation in the Coastal Zone

The present paper describes a computer procedure which predicts wave transformation in the coastal zone taking account of wave refraction, diffraction and energy dissipation due to wave breaking. The mild slope equation, initially presented by Berkhoff (1972), is extended to account for energy dissipation due to wave breaking. Criteria for the onset and cessation of wave breaking and an expression for energy dissipation due to wave breaking are included in the model. The resulting governing equation, subject to boundary conditions at the shoreline and at radiation boundaries, is solved by the finite element method.
Frasnian–Famennian crisis in the Malaguide Complex (Betic Cordillera, Spain)

Devonian sediments of the Malaguide Complex potentially could include the Frasnian–Famennian boundary, one of the five greatest Phanerozoic biotic crises. Conodont biofacies and microfacies of carbonate clasts from a pebbly mudstone underlying Tournaisian radiolarites allows identification, for the first time in the Malaguide Complex, of Devonian shallow marine environments laterally grading to deeper realms. The clasts yielded Frasnian conodont associations of the falsiovalis to rhenana biozones, with six biofacies that reveal different environmental conditions in their source areas. Source sediments were dismantled and redeposited within the pebbly mudstone, whose origin is tentatively related to one of the events that are associated worldwide with the Frasnian–Famennian crisis. The latter is recorded, in two equivalent Malaguide pelagic successions, by stratigraphic discontinuities, and it was, probably, tectonically and/or eustatically controlled, as in other Alpine‐Mediterranean Paleotethyan margins.
Performance of winter cereal-legumes fodder mixtures and their pure stand at different growth stages under rainfed conditions of Pothowar.

Three cereals viz. oats (Avena sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) were evaluated in pure stands as well as in mixtures of 50: 50 ratios with common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) under rainfed conditions of Pothowar to address the problem of nutritious green fodder for livestock. The experiment was sown during second week of October, 2007 in a randomized complete block design at Koont Research Farm, Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The results revealed that oatsvetch mixture performed better at all growth stages under rainfed conditions of Pothowar in terms of green and dry matter yields. By this mixture, 35.06 tons per hectare green fodder and 9.29 ton per hectare dry matter yield was obtained which was 17 and 19 percent higher than oats pure stand, respectively. Similarly, it was calculated that overall oats-vetch mixture yielded 63 and 78 percent higher dry matter than barley-vetch and wheat-vetch, respectively. So oats-vetch mixture can be recommended for higher biomass under rainfed conditions of Pothowar.
AGE OF THE PRINCIPAL INTRUSIONS OF THE LAKE DISTRICT

Summary Mean values of available radiometric age determinations on micas from the Skiddaw, Shap and Eskdale granites are 399, 393 and 383 million years respectively. The possible significance of these ages is discussed with respect to the geological setting of the intrusions. Whole rock potassium-argon age determinations on the Ennerdale Granophyre and the Carrock Fell gabbro-granophyre complex show that there has been loss of argon but are indicative of a Caledonian age.
Who Are the MDG Trailblazers? A New MDG Progress Index - Working Paper 222

In this working paper, the authors introduce an MDG Progress Index to assess how on or off track countries are toward MDG targets. They find evidence of dramatic achievements by many poor countries, such as Honduras, Laos, Ethiopia, Uganda, Burkina Faso, Nepal, Cambodia, and Ghana. These countries’ performance suggests that they may achieve most of the highly ambitious MDGs. Moreover, sub-Saharan Africa accounts for many of the star MDG performers. Interestingly, poor countries perform nearly on par with middle-income countries. Not surprisingly, the list of laggards largely consists of countries devastated by conflict over the last few decades, such as Afghanistan, Burundi, the DRC, and Guinea-Bissau. Most countries fall somewhere in between, demonstrating solid progress on some indicators and little on others.
Compensation and Organizational Culture to Improve Members 'Performance through Competency Creation in Soppeng Police District Station (Polres)

This analysis aims to recognize and evaluate the effect of the Pay and Organizational Culture on the increase of Member Success by Competence Formation at the Soppeng Police. This study was undertaken by the Soppeng District Police, which lasted 2 (two) months from June to July 2020. The research used a causal design with a quantitative approach. All the Soppeng District Police workers were in the sample community, as many as 351 employees. In this analysis, the sampling procedure was conducted using a basic random sampling technique and the final sample was 100 workers. Data collection methods are carried out by assessment, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation, using route analysis techniques. The findings revealed that the organizational culture was the predictor that significantly enhanced police officers' efficiency in the Soppeng district. Pay is also a significant indicator that influences that influence officers' performance, and equal and proportionate compensation encourage officers' arousal. This analysis's findings lead to the achievement of the best implementation of the developed organizational culture in the police institution. The corporate culture that is being developed is also deemed to be by the organization's purpose and purpose.
Long-Term Detection and Isolation of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) Virus in Dog Urine

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a tick-borne infection caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV), with a high fatality rate of approximately 30% in humans. In recent years, cases of contact infection with SFTSV via bodily fluids of infected dogs and cats have been reported. In this study, clinical and virological analyses were performed in two dogs in which SFTSV infection was confirmed for the first time in the Toyama prefecture. Both dogs recovered; however, one was severely ill and the other mildly ill. The amount of the SFTSV gene was reduced to almost similar levels in both dogs. In the dogs’ sera, the SFTSV gene was detected at a low level but fell below the detection limit approximately 2 weeks after onset. Notably, the SFTSV gene was detected at levels several thousand times higher in urine than in other specimens from both dogs. Furthermore, the gene was detected in the urine for a long period of >2 months. The clinical signs disappeared on days 1 or 6 after onset, but infectious SFTSV was detected in the urine up to 3 weeks later. Therefore, it is necessary to be careful about contact with bodily fluids, especially urine, even after symptoms have disappeared.
COVID-19 Antibody Testing in Healthcare Workers in Arkansas

Introduction Seroprevalence surveys can estimate the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a symptom-independent manner, offering valuable data, including herd immunity, that can inform national and local public health policies. To our knowledge, there have been no large studies reporting seroprevalence in healthcare workers (HCWs) in the state of Arkansas. The objective of this study is to measure SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in HCWs in a large tertiary-care healthcare system prior to vaccine availability. Methods The Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System offered SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing prior to the widespread availability of vaccines. After Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System institutional review board (IRB) approval had been obtained, a retrospective chart review was used to identify all Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System HCWs who had undergone SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing from July 1, 2020, to September 30, 2020. Descriptive analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, United States). Correlation and regression tests were performed using SAS 9.4 software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Results Over the study interval, 170 healthcare personnel had undergone SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG antibody testing. Thirty-seven (21.8%) had positive antibody results. The 37 individuals were mostly women (94.5%), and the average age of the group was 47 years (range 29-69 years). The median antibody titers for those testing positive for antibodies were 10.8 units (range 1.1-58.5). Of the 37 people, 32 had a history of COVID-19 infection proven by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Conclusion Serologic testing is feasible for healthcare workers to document an immune response to a prior infection. In this study of HCWs, the rate of positivity among those tested was 21.8%. Data that do not incorporate the cohort of patients with prior infections will underestimate the impact of prior infections on herd immunity statistics and may misinform public policy.
Profitability as a Moderator in the Implementation of Environmental Management Accounting for Corporate Sustainability

This study aims to examine the effect of implementing environmental management accounting on corporate sustainability moderated by company profitability in mining and manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019-2022. Environmental management accounting is measured by eco-efficiency, and company sustainability is measured by GRI standards using content analysis with a scoring approach in assessing environmental and social achievements. Profitability is measured by return on equity (ROE). This research uses a panel data method with a fixed effect model approach. The sampling technique was purposive sampling with the criteria of companies that publish annual reports, and disclose sustainability reporting successively during the 2019-2022 period so that a total of 33 companies were obtained. The research results show that there is a positive influence on the application of environmental management accounting on corporate sustainability strengthened by profitability as a moderator. The application of environmental management accounting can increase its influence on corporate sustainability when the company's profitability is high. This condition is expected to have an impact on achieving corporate sustainability by fulfilling economic, environmental, and social aspects by the triple bottom line concept as a pillar that can create a sustainable business.
The joint use of coincident loop transient electromagnetic and Schlumberger sounding to resolve layered structures

One‐dimensional earth models consisting of uniform horizontal layers are useful both as actual representations of earth structures and as host models for more complex structures. However, there are often inherent difficulties in establishing layer thicknesses and resistivities from one type of measurement alone. For example, the dc resistivity method is sensitive to both conductive and resistive layers, but as these layers become thin, nonuniqueness becomes a severe problem. Electromagnetic (EM) methods are good for establishing the parameters of conductive layers, but they are quite insensitive to resistive layers. The use of both coincident loop transient EM (TEM) and Schlumberger methods, together with a joint inverse computer program, can vastly improve interpretation of layered‐earth parameters. The final model is less dependent upon starting guesses, error bounds are much improved, and nonuniqueness is much less of a problem. These advantages are illustrated by interpretation of real field data as w.
Impacts of Extratropical Cyclone Fiona on a sensitive coastal lagoon ecosystem

Oceanic storms can strongly disturb the physical and biogeochemical conditions of transitional coastal waters. Impacts of extreme oceanic storms on coastal ecosystems have received limited attention worldwide, with no studies at higher latitudes (> 45°) where tropical cyclones have usually abated. This study investigates the combined impacts from marine and atmospheric forcing on a coastal lagoon in Prince Edward Island, Canada, during and after Extratropical Cyclone Fiona in September 2022. Physical (water levels and temperature) and biogeochemical (dissolved oxygen [DO], electrical conductivity, pH, nitrate–nitrogen concentrations, total suspended solids [TSS]) datasets from the lagoon and the watershed's tributaries, groundwater springs, and piezometers were used to assess ecosystem disturbance and recovery timelines following the storm. Fiona resulted in a 1.6 m storm surge into the lagoon that elevated water temperatures by up to 6°C, disturbed the density‐dependent stratification of salinity and temperature, and reduced the diel amplitude of DO, indicating a reduction in plant respiration due to ecosystem disturbance. The freshwater tributaries revealed sharp changes in flow (30‐fold increase), nitrate–nitrogen (NO3‐N) concentrations and loading (70‐fold increase), and TSS loading (40‐fold increase) to the lagoon during and immediately following the storm. The lagoon rapidly recovered (hours) from the hydraulic disturbance of the storm surge, but elevated nutrient levels persisted for months. The intensity and frequency of extratropical cyclones is projected to increase in the Northwest Atlantic, making field‐based studies of cyclone impacts on coastal waters critical for understanding future coastal ecosystem disturbance and recovery periods relative to the timing of future storms.
The effect of early diuretics administration on acute kidney injury progression after cardiac surgery: a post-hoc analysis of a multicenter retrospective cohort study (BROTHER study)

Positive fluid balance is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery in a dose-dependent manner. Although diuresis is a common intervention for fluid overload, the optimal timing of diuretic administration for preventing AKI after cardiac surgery remains unclear. We aimed to investigate whether early administration of diuretics after cardiac surgery is associated with subsequent AKI progression. This was a post-hoc analysis of a multicenter retrospective cohort study that included adult patients admitted to 14 intensive care units (ICUs) after elective cardiac surgery between January and December 2018. The exposure variable was the administration of intravenous diuretics during the initial 24 hours after ICU admission. The primary outcome was AKI progression, defined as one or more AKI stages using Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes creatinine and urine output criteria between 24 and 72 hours compared with the worst stage during the first 24 hours. We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to assess the association between early administration of diuretics and AKI progression. Among the 718 patients analyzed, 335 (47%) received intravenous diuretics within the first 24 hours, and AKI progression occurred in 115 patients (16%). In the multivariable analyses, early diuresis was not associated with AKI progression (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.74–1.69), confirmed by sensitivity analyses. Early administration of intravenous diuretics was not associated with a lower risk of AKI progression after cardiac surgery.