Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insights into the Design of Congestion Control Protocols for Multi-Hop Wireless Mesh Networks

The widespread deployment of multi-hop wireless mesh networks will depend on the performance seen by the user. Unfortunately, the most predominant transport protocol, TCP, performs poorly over such networks, even leading to starvation in some topologies. In this work, we characterize the root causes of starvation in 802.11 scheduled multi-hop wireless networks via simulations. We analyze the performance of three categories of transport protocols. (1) end-to-end protocols that require implicit feedback (TCP SACK), (2) Explicit feedback based protocols (XCP and VCP) and (3) Open-loop protocol (UDP). We ask and answer the following questions in relation to these protocols: (a) Why does starvation occur in different topologies? Is it intrinsic to TCP or, in general, to feedback-based protocols? or does it also occur in the case of open-loop transfers such as CBR over UDP? (a) What is the role of application behavior on transport layer performance in multi-hop wireless mesh networks? (b) Is sharing congestion in the wireless neighborhood essential for avoiding starvation? (c) For explicit feedback based transport protocols, such as XCP and VCP, what performance can be expected when their capacity estimate is inaccurate? Based on the insights derived from the above analysis, we design a rate-based protocol called VRate that uses the two ECN bits for conveying load feedback information. VRate achieves near optimal rates when configured with the correct capacity estimate.
Discrete Total Variation Flows without Regularization

We propose and analyze an algorithm for the solution of the $L^2$-subgradient flow of the total variation functional. The algorithm involves no regularization, thus the numerical solution preserves the main features that motivate practitioners to consider this type of energy. We propose an iterative scheme for the solution of the arising problems, show that the iterations converge, and develop a stopping criterion for them. We present numerical experiments which illustrate the power of the method, explore the solution behavior, and compare with regularized flows.
LACS: A Lightweight Label-Based Access Control Scheme in IoT-Based 5G Caching Context

Due to massive mobile terminal devices and ubiquitous communication, the Internet of things (IoT) has become an inevitable trend. Given that the fifth generation (5G) wireless networks expects to drive the proliferation of the IoT and may extend the access functions and systems of the IoT, it makes the IoT a vitally important part in future 5G wireless networks. Simultaneously, the limit of the bandwidth and power of the 5G would adversely affect the widespread promotion of the IoT. However, wireless caching techniques could remarkably resolve this issue. Recently, using fog nodes to improve the capacity of caching has become a trend in caching system. However, node-based caching systems may suffer from malicious access and destruction. To protect caching from sabotage and to further ensure its reliability, we propose a new lightweight label-based access control scheme (LACS) that authenticates the authorized fog nodes to ensure protection. Specifically, the LACS can authenticate the fog nodes by verifying the integrity of the shared files that are embedded label values, and only the authenticated fog nodes can access the caching service. The analysis shows that the proposed scheme is verifiable (the malicious fog node cannot cheat the caching server to pretend to be a legal node) and efficient in both computation and verification. Moreover, simulation experiments show that the LACS can reach the millisecond-level verification and it has a good accuracy.
Evaluating the retrieval effectiveness of search engines using Persian navigational queries

In this paper, we evaluate search engines' performance by considering how they behave for Persian users' navigational queries. About 2000 queries were posed to three search services supporting Persian language (Google and Bing as well-known services and Parsijoo as a local search service). All queries were of navigational type and in Persian language. These queries were created in a way to have web pages from Iranian web sites as their targets. After sending these queries to search engines the position of the target web pages in the result list of search engines were recorded. Then mean reciprocal rank and Success N measures were used for evaluation of the search services' effectiveness. At the end, we find out that although some search services have better performance for such kind of queries, but from a statistical point of view their efficiency is near to each other. For example for the MRR measure Parsijoo score is 0.58 and Google score is 0.54 and Bing Score is 0.52.
Coupling heme and iron metabolism via ferritin H chain.

SIGNIFICANCE Inflammation and immunity can be associated with varying degrees of heme release from hemoproteins, eventually leading to cellular and tissue iron (Fe) overload, oxidative stress, and tissue damage. Presumably, these deleterious effects contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic infections. RECENT ADVANCES Heme release from hemoglobin sensitizes parenchyma cells to undergo programmed cell death in response to proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor. This cytotoxic effect is driven by a mechanism involving intracellular accumulation of free radicals, which sustain the activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling transduction pathway. While heme catabolism by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) prevents programmed cell death, this cytoprotective effect requires the co-expression of ferritin H (heart/heavy) chain (FTH), which controls the pro-oxidant effect of labile Fe released from the protoporphyrin IX ring of heme. This antioxidant effect of FTH restrains JNK activation, whereas JNK activation inhibits FTH expression, a cross talk that controls metabolic adaptation to cellular Fe overload associated with systemic infections. CRITICAL ISSUES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Identification and characterization of the mechanisms via which FTH provides metabolic adaptation to tissue Fe overload should provide valuable information to our current understanding of the pathogenesis of systemic infections as well as other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Scale dependent local non-gaussianity from loops

We analyze multi-field inflationary systems which yield strongly scale dependent non-Gaussianity with a shape that is very close to the local shape. As in usual multi-field models, the non-Gaussianity arises from the non-linear transfer of scalar field fluctuations to curvature perturbations. Here we consider models in which higher order terms (loops) dominate over the lowest order source of non-linearity. The magnitude of non-Gaussianity depends on an infrared cutoff which is determined by our observational probes measuring non-Gaussianity. In our models, the running is positive and large (nNG ~ 0.2) on CMB scales. The magnitude of the bispectrum is maximally of order (100), and grows on small scales. This can lead to interesting signals for large scale structure.
Randomized reinforcement based scheduling in parallel processor systems

Task scheduling is important for the proper functioning of parallel processor systems. The static scheduling of tasks onto networks of parallel processors is well defined and documented in the literature. However, in many practical situations, a priori information about the tasks that need to be scheduled is not available. In such situations tasks usually arrive dynamically and the scheduling should be performed online or "on the fly". We present a framework based on stochastic reinforcement learning which is usually used to solve optimization problems in a simple and efficient way. The use of reinforcement learning reduces the dynamic scheduling problem to that of learning a stochastic approximation of an unknown average error surface. The learning system develops an association between the best action (schedule) and the current state of the environment (parallel system).
Plasma membrane recovery kinetics of a microfluidic intracellular delivery platform (1013.2)

Intracellular delivery of macromolecules continues to be a challenge in both research and therapeutic applications. Recently, physical delivery methods, such as electroporation and sonoporation, have emerged that provide direct access to the cytoplasm by disrupting the plasma membrane. For a rapid development of such methods the mechanisms behind their action need to be understood. We use the microfluidic shear‐based CellSqueeze delivery platform to examine the kinetics of plasma membrane recovery after disruption and its dependence on the calcium content in the surrounding buffer. Delivery experiments with HeLa cells show that the pores close ten times faster when calcium is present in the surrounding buffer. If we eliminate calcium from the buffer, we are able to improve delivery efficiency five‐fold without sacrificing cellular viability. Membrane repair characteristics initially observed in HeLa cells are shown to translate to primary naïve murine T cells, suggesting that calcium may have a similar role across many cell types. Subsequent manipulation of other delivery parameters enables the delivery of larger macromolecules, such as antibodies, into naïve t cells. The work provides insight into the membrane repair process in response to mechanical disruption and could potentially enable the development of improved delivery methods.
Cholesterol, Statins, and Alzheimer Disease

Gary Schwitzer In “The Commercialisation of Medical and Scientifi c Reporting” [1], Caulfi eld calls on journalists to ask researchers about the nature of their funding and the fi nancial relationship of the researchers to the sponsor. This is just one principle addressed in a much broader “Statement of Principles” I wrote this past year for the Association of Health Care Journalists (http:⁄⁄www.ahcj.umn.edu). The statement is available online [2].
Lossless Volume Data Compression Schemes

Volumetric data is one of the most frequently generated type of data in modern medical imaging. Technical advances in the respective scanning technologies also increase the amount of data that is generated by a typical scanner. Since 1971 with the introduction of the first CT scanner, the space requirements for representing data have increased rapidly, in essence at an exponential rate. In this paper, we examine various compression methods for their applicability for volume data, focusing on the reduced space requirements of the approaches. We apply these methods to a wide range of 8bit and 10-12bit volume datasets, thus exposing strengths and weaknesses of the compression methods. In summary, significant differences in compression performances clearly indicate which compression techniques should be used.
Molecular Identification of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Spores Collected in Korea

Arbuscular myeorrhizas (AM) have mutualistic symbiosis with plants and thus efforts have been placed on application of these symbiotic relationships to agricultural and environmental fields. In this study, AM fungi were collected from 25 sites growing with 16 host plant species in Korea and cultured with Sorghum bicolor in greenhouse condition. AM fungal spores were extracted and identified using both morphological and molecular methods. Using morphological characters, total 15 morpho-speices were identified. DNA was extracted from single spore of AM fungi and a partial region on 18S rDNA was amplified using nested PCR with AM fungal specific primers AML1/AML2. A total of 36 18S rDNA sequences were analyzed for phylogenetic analysis and 15 groups of AM fungi were identified using both morphological and molecular data of spores. Among the species, 4 species, Archaeospora leptoticha, Scutellospora castanea, S. cerradensis, S. weresubiae were described for the first time in Korea and two species in Glomus and a species in Gigaspora were not identified. Morphological and molecular identification of AM fungal spores in this study would help identify AM fungal community colonizing roots.
Identificación de microbiota bacteriana relacionada con procesos enológicos en Chile

Aquesta recerca centrada en els bacteris processos relacionats amb enologic, com ara bacteris d'acid lactic (BL) i bacteris d'acid acetic (BA). Treballa principalment amb tecniques de cultiu independent per a la identificacio de bacteris en una fermentacio malolactica fermentacio (MLF) i en un acetificacion tradicional. En el cas de la BL, va dissenyar una estrategia d'identificacio mitjancant PCR-RFLP. Perfils caracteristics pels 4 generes BL presents en un FML s'aconsegueix. L'aplicacio de nitrogen es comu per aconseguir un bon desenvolupament del responsable de llevats fermentacio alcoholica. Aportacions de nitrogen pot generar problemes mes tard com es la produccio d'amines biogenes. Mes buscats amina es histamina. Els resultats de les proves d'aplicacio de fosfat cristal·li en diferents dosis, que va llancar en dosis baixes i es recomana, es generen les concentracions d'histamina en intervals ja descrit en la literatura. Superior a la dosi necessaria de fosfat cristal·li generats gairebe 5 vegades la concentracio d'histamina en la dosi recomanada. Trobar en aquestes laboratori FML eren Leuconostoc i Oenococcus, principalment en les etapes finals de la MLF aquest ultim. Per l'acidificacio, despres d'analisi d'identificacio mitjancant tres tecniques diferents, es va identificar com Acetobacteris pasteurianus i algunes especiess del genere Gluconacetobacter com les especies principals responsables de la produccio tradicional de vinagres a Xile.
Cross-layer QoS and its application in congestion control

The paper proposes a preliminary design of cross-layer quality of service applied to congestion control in future Internet. This is an alternative solution to QoS-aware routing, whenever the infrastructure operator cannot add new resources, and/or when re-routing is not possible. Dedicated software, running in each node, collects a list of local parameters such as available transfer rate and one-way delay between all neighbors. Then this real-time status information is distributed to all the in-network management enabled nodes that are allowed to be reached. Due to the statistics regarding individual link traffic, a minimal network coding scheme, triggered by cross-layer quality of service, is temporarily activated. This system presents an enhanced distributed routing that preserves the performances of the running services, despite the congestion which cannot be eliminated.
Self-Grouping Multi-network Clustering

Joint clustering of multiple networks has been shown to be more accurate than performing clustering on individual networks separately. Many multi-view and multi-domain network clustering methods have been developed for joint multi-network clustering. These methods typically assume there is a common clustering structure shared by all networks, and different networks can provide complementary information on this underlying clustering structure. However, this assumption is too strict to hold in many emerging real-life applications, where multiple networks have diverse data distributions. More popularly, the networks in consideration belong to different underlying groups. Only networks in the same underlying group share similar clustering structures. Better clustering performance can be achieved by considering such groups differently. As a result, an ideal method should be able to automatically detect network groups so that networks in the same group share a common clustering structure. To address this problem, we propose a novel method, ComClus, to simultaneously group and cluster multiple networks. ComClus treats node clusters as features of networks and uses them to differentiate different network groups. Network grouping and clustering are coupled and mutually enhanced during the learning process. Extensive experimental evaluation on a variety of synthetic and real datasets demonstrates the effectiveness of our method.
Collaboration and Cognitive Tutoring: Integration, Empirical Results, and Future Directions

In this paper, we describe progress we have made toward providing cognitive tutoring to students within a collaborative software environment. First, we have integrated a collaborative software tool, Cool Modes, with software designed to develop Cognitive Tutors (the Cognitive Tutor Authoring Tool). Our initial integration provides a means to capture data that acts as the foundation of a tutor for collaboration but does not yet fully support actual tutoring. Second, we've performed two exploratory studies in which dyads of students used our software to collaborate in solving modelling tasks. These studies uncovered five dimensions of observed behavior that point to the need for abstraction of student actions to better recognize, analyze, and correct collaborative steps in problem solving. We discuss plans to incorporate such analyses into our approach and to extend our tools to eventually provide tutoring of collaboration.
CCL20/CCR6 Feedback Exaggerates Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Dependent MUC5AC Mucin Production in Human Airway Epithelial (NCI-H292) Cells

Mucous hypersecretion is an important feature of obstructive airway diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis. Multiple stimuli induce mucin production via activation of an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) cascade, but the mechanisms that exaggerate mucin production in obstructive airway diseases remain unknown. In this study, we show that binding of CCL20, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligand that is upregulated in the airways of subjects with obstructive airway diseases, to its unique GPCR CCR6 induces MUC5AC mucin production in human airway epithelial (NCI-H292) cells via metalloprotease TNF-α–converting enzyme (TACE)-dependent EGFR activation. We also show that EGFR activation by its potent ligand TGF-α induces reactivation of EGFR via binding of endogenously produced CCL20 to its receptor CCR6 in NCI-H292 cells but not in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells, exaggerating mucin production in the NCI-H292 cells. In NCI-H292 cells, TGF-α stimulation induced two phases of EGFR phosphorylation (EGFR-P). The second EGFR-P was TACE-dependent and was responsible for most of the total mucin induced by TGF-α. Binding of endogenously produced CCL20 to CCR6 increased the second EGFR-P and subsequent mucin production induced by TGF-α. In NHBE cells, TGF-α–induced EGFR activation did not lead to significant CCL20 production or to EGFR rephosphorylation, and less mucin was produced. We conclude that NCI-H292 cells but not NHBE cells produce CCL20 in response to EGFR activation, which leads to a second phase of EGFR-P and subsequent exaggerated mucin production. These findings have potentially important therapeutic implications in obstructive airway diseases.
Lucid touch: a see-through mobile device

Touch is a compelling input modality for interactive devices; however, touch input on the small screen of a mobile device is problematic because a user's fingers occlude the graphical elements he wishes to work with. In this paper, we present LucidTouch, a mobile device that addresses this limitation by allowing the user to control the application by touching the back of the device. The key to making this usable is what we call pseudo-transparency: by overlaying an image of the user's hands onto the screen, we create the illusion of the mobile device itself being semi-transparent. This pseudo-transparency allows users to accurately acquire targets while not occluding the screen with their fingers and hand. Lucid Touch also supports multi-touch input, allowing users to operate the device simultaneously with all 10 fingers. We present initial study results that indicate that many users found touching on the back to be preferable to touching on the front, due to reduced occlusion, higher precision, and the ability to make multi-finger input.
Full‐Wave Seismic Tomography in the Northeastern United States: New Insights Into the Uplift Mechanism of the Adirondack Mountains

Studying the driving force of intracratonic uplifts is important in understanding the deformation mechanism of continental lithosphere and the role of mantle dynamics. The Adirondack Mountains are located at the eastern Laurentian margin in the northeastern United States forming a distinct domal uplift. Subsurface structural constraints on their uplift mechanism are limited. Here we construct a high‐resolution velocity model for the crust and mantle lithosphere using full‐wave ambient noise tomography. A distinct low shear velocity anomaly with a diameter of ~70–100 km is imaged beneath the Moho at the Adirondack Mountains. This anomaly is connected with the large‐scale low‐velocity volume beneath southern New England and eastern New York at greater depths. The observed low‐velocity anomalies may reflect asthenosphere upwelling induced by a combined effect of the Great Meteor hot spot and edge‐driven mantle convections. The buoyancy of upwelling asthenosphere, together with possible thermal expansion, may have uplifted the Adirondack Mountains.
Towards Analytics and Collaborative Exploration of Social and linked Media for Technology-Enchanced Learning Scenarios

Social Web applications such as "Flickr", "Youtube" and "Slideshare" offer a vast body of multimedial knowledge, discoverable through the appropriate search interfaces and API's. This extensive information source, however, is largely unstructured and the available metadata is typically limited to title, tags and description for a resource. On the other hand, Linked Web Data is both structured and well described through a variety of metadata. Combining those sources opens promising direction for knowledge discovery and, at the same time, new challenges for collaborative searching in various Technology-Enchanced Learning Scenarios. In this paper, we explore how to support (collaborative) search in such scenarios through an initial analysis of the Web data landscape and introduce early results from efforts on exploiting Linked Data techniques to solve critical issues in this context.
Access control method with variable retransmission probability in ad-hoc networks and its consideration of the changing point

Ad-hoc networks do not need infrastructures such as a base station and it is an interesting technology. One of the important subjects of ad hoc networks is an access control method in radio media. A control channel is usually used with a method of TDMA base. A big influence is given to the performance of ad hoc networks when a frequency channel zone is used as a method of TDMA base. We have already proposed the access control method that is called the Two Division Back off Algorithm (TDBA). This algorithm can solve collisions with few overhead. This method has the problem that the success probability, which, a node acquires, a channel decreases, when the number of the collision-nodes increases. This paper introduces a variable retransmission probability instead of a fixed retransmission probability. The characteristic of performances is compared and evaluated. Then, as for the point as well that value is made to change it is examined.
Speech and

: ​ In this essay, Wisse analyzes the relationship between speech and communication in Sholem Aleichem's ​ Tevye the Dairyman ​ . Wisse argues that the relationship between Sholem Aleichem and Tevye constitutes a miniature Jewish territory where together they reassert moral control over everything that they endure. Tevye’s humor often reports on misunderstanding and failures of speech— two decades of setbacks involving misunderstanding, concealment, suppressed information, fabrication, double-entendre, threat, and worse. But between the speaker and his listener there is a deepening interdependency. Their durable communion provides a kind of security, holding the culture together democratically on middle ground, even if it is impossible to reproduce generationally and it cannot repel those external forces that come to destroy it.