Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Controversial Roles of Resveratrol in Mammalian Reproduction

Resveratrol is one of the most investigated natural polyphenolic compounds and is contained in more than 70 types of plants and in red wine. The widespread interest in this polyphenol derives from its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties. Several studies have established that resveratrol regulates animal reproduction. However, the mechanisms of action and the potential therapeutic effects are still unclear. This review aims to clarify the role of resveratrol in the male and female reproductive functions, with a focus on animals of veterinary interest. In the female, resveratrol has been considered a phytoestrogen due to its capacity to modulate ovarian function and steroidogenesis via sirtuins, SIRT1, in particular. Resveratrol has also been used to enhance aged oocyte quality, and as a gametes cryo-protectant with mainly antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects. In the male, resveratrol enhanced testes function and spermatogenesis through activation of AMPK pathway. Furthermore, resveratrol has been supplemented to semen extenders improving the preservation of sperm quality. In conclusion, resveratrol has potentially beneficial effects for ameliorating ovarian and testes function. However, due to unclear data, further studies are necessary to consolidate these findings.
Low signal-to-noise ratio speech classification with wavelet

This paper evaluates the potential of wavelet in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) speech classification. A wavelet feature extraction method is proposed, which includes wavelet analysis, wavelet denoising and sliding variance. The potential of wavelet feature extraction method is evaluated on two different datasets with Convolutional Neural Network. The results of our model and comparation show that the performance is significantly improving comparing with other state-of-the-art approaches.
Effect of Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman infestation on Apis mellifera L. adults

Maximum incidence of Varrosis on adults of Apis mellifera L. (8%) was recorded in second fortnight of May 2008 corresponds to the peak in V. destructor population. Percent deformity was calculated by observing 100 adult bees. Deformity in adult bees was low which ranged between 0.0 to 3.0 per cent with an average of 0.52 per cent. Significant positive correlation (r = 0.77) was calculated between per cent mite infestation and per cent bee deformity which revealed that with increase in mite infestation, there was a corresponding increase in deformity of bees.
Effect of Nacl on Germination and Seedling Growth of Some Cotton Genotypes

Salinity is an emerging problem among the abiotic stresses of plants in Bangladesh. One easy way to cope with the problem of salinity is to exploit the genetic potential of plants for their adaptability to adverse soil conditions. Salt tolerance improvement might be achieved through selection from already existing germplasm which can be done by quick method particularly in early growth stages of crops. A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the effect of salinity on germination and the seedling growth of five cotton genotypes. Two factors include genotypes (CB-9, CB-10, CB-12, CB-14 and CB-15) and salt solution of different concentrations (control -0 dS m-1, 4 dS m-1, 8 dS m-1, 12 dS m-1 and 16 dS m-1) were used. Relative to control treatment, germination energy and germination capacity at 16 dS m-1 was maximum in CB-12 (0.72 and 0.77 respectively) whereas germination percentage (0.99) was maximum in CB-9 and the relative value of all the above parameters was minimum in CB-15 (0.02, 0.13, 0.41 and 0.09, respectively). In case of seedling growth parameters, shoot length, seedling vigor index and dry weight at 16 dS m-1 were maximum in CB-9 (0.67, 0.64 and 0.77 respectively) relative to control whereas the relative value of all those parameters was minimum in CB-15 (0.5, 0.17, 0.31 and 0.59 respectively). Considering all germination and seedling growth parameters, CB-9 was supposed to be superior genotype followed by CB-12, CB-10 and CB-14 whereas genotype CB-15 was more susceptible than other genotypes against salinity stress. Res. Agric. , Livest. Fish.7(2): 199-207, August 2020
GROWTH AND SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF RAMS FED AMMONIUM SULPHATE SUPPLEMENTED DIETS

Ammonium sulphate (AS) is widely used as a feed additive for animals. It is generally used to provide supplemental sulphur to the diet, particularly in diets containing non-protein nitrogen sources. This study assessed the growth and reproductive performance of Yankasa rams fed diets supplemented with different levels of ammonium sulphate. Ammonium sulphate was added at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5g/kg of the concentrate diet as T0, T0.5, T1.0 and T1.5 respectively. Each treatment had four replicates while semen was collected once from all replicates in the treatments. Rams were fed experimental diets for 70 days. The parameters determined were: feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, mass activity, motility, livability, sperm volume, sperm concentration, scrotal circumference and length. There were significant differences in the feed intake, body weight gain and the feed conversion ratio of the West African dwarf rams fed the supplemented diets. The rams fed diet T1.0 had the highest feed intake and body weight gain of 403.75g/day and 195.83g/day respectively above other treatments. The FCR in T1.0 was the lowest at 2.11 below 6.68 (T0) There was significant difference in the sperm concentration (x106spz/ml) with T1.5 (160.25) having the highest while T0 (136.00) had the lowest. The total sperm ejaculate follow the same trend as sperm concentration with the lowest value recorded in T0 (98.95) while T1.5 (151.65) had the highest value. There were no significant differences in the values recorded for the scrotal circumference and length, however, scrotal weight, total testicular weight, scrotal length and scrotal circumference values in T1.5 was numerically higher than other treatments. It can be concluded that inclusion of ammonium sulphate in the feed of rams at 1.0g/kg enhanced the efficiency of feed utilization and improved the semen quality positively.
Development of Male and Female Gametophyte in Symphytum orientale L. (Boraginaceae)

The presented study elucidates developmental features of male and female gametophyte in Symphytum orientale L. (Boraginaceae). Flower buds were collected from natural habitats (İstanbul-Turkey) in March-April. The anthers of S. orientale were tetrasporangiate with a persistent epidermis and its wall development conformed to the Dicotyledonous type. The endothecium developed fibrous wall thickenings. The middle layer was short-lived and the cells of the glandular tapetum became double nucleated. In the microspore mother cells cytokinesis originated simultaneously after meiosis and the microspore tetrads were tetrahedral or isobilateral. The mature pollen grains were 3-celled when spread to environment. The ovule was hemianatropous, unitegmic and tenuinucellar. The megaspore mother cell functioned directly from the archesporial cell. Polygonum type embryo sac developed from the chalazal megaspore of a linear tetrad generated after meiosis. The synergids were pyriform and the polar nuclei fused shortly before fertilization. The antipodal cells were large and persistent at the stage of globular embryo. Embryogenesis followed the Chenopodiad type and the endosperm represented cellular type. The detailed embryological data of Symphytum orientale L. (Boraginaceae), which is a herbaceous and perennial flowering plant will improve our knowledge of its reproductive behaviour, and provide to comprehend taxonomic connection with related taxa within the Symphytum/Boraginaceae.
LINKING A TOXIC GLUCOSE METABOLITE TO GLYCEMIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES IN AN OMNIVORE COMPARED TO A CARNIVORE

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . ix LIST OF FIGURES . xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xiv 1. RATIONALE, OBJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESES. 1 1.1. Rationale. 1 1.2. Research Design . 2 1.3. Objectives . 4 1.4. Hypotheses . 5 2. LITERATURE REVIEW . 7 2.1. Overview . 7 2.2. Carnivores vs Omnivores . 7 2.3. Carbohydrates. 11 2.3. 1. Effects of Processing. 15 2.3. 2. Pulses and Glycemic Index (GI) . 17 2.4. Glucose and Insulin . 19 2.5. Methylglyoxal . 23 2.6. Oxidative Stress. 26 2.7. Cardiovascular Parameters . 27 2.7. 1. Heart Rate and Blood Pressure . 27 2.7. 2. Arterial Ultrasound . 28 2.8. Conclusions . 29 3. POSTPRANDIAL EFFECTS OF SINGLE FEEDINGS OF PURE STARCH AND WHOLE FORMULATED DIETS ON GLYCEMIC, INSULINEMIC, METHYLGLYOXAL, AND CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES IN OMNIVORES COMPARED TO CARNIVORES. 32 3.
Effects of Inclination Angles on Stepped Chute Flows

Owing to its effective energy dissipation and aeration, a stepped spillway is commonly used for flood release in hydraulic projects. Its conventional design features horizontal step surfaces. Designed for certain flow rates, it does not function satisfactorily at larger discharges. To improve this, layouts with inclined step surfaces, both downward and upward, are proposed. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling in 3D is performed to examine and compare their flow properties in the skimming flow. The results suggest that a shift from a downward to an upward layout leads to a gradual decrease in the flow velocity at the chute end; the latter exhibit higher energy dissipation efficiency. Moreover, equations are developed to estimate the velocity and energy loss. The flow velocity in the developing zone, described by a power law, shows a decline with an increase in the angle of inclination. The downward layout is subjected to somewhat higher risk of cavitation if implemented in a prototype. The extreme pressure loads acting upon an upward layout are larger, and a correlation is proposed for its prediction. On an inclined surface, either upward or downward, the pressure demonstrates an S-shaped distribution. On a vertical surface, the flow pressure increases, after an initial decline over a short distance, towards the chute bottom.
Response of broiler chickens to processed soy protein product when offered at different inclusion levels in mash or crumbled prestarter diets

SUMMARY This study investigated the effects of varying levels (0, 50, and 100 g/kg) of a processed soy protein product (PSP), fed to chicks in mash or crumbled form up to 10 d posthatch on the gross performance, carcass quality, nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activities in broiler chickens. A total of 324 Ross 308 male day‐old broiler chicks were used in 6 replicates per group, with 9 birds per replicate. Between hatch and 24 d, birds fed crumbled diets had higher (P < 0.05) body weight gain and feed intake than those fed mash diets, with the exception of those fed control mash diet. There was no significant effect of feed form, PSP levels in diets or their interactions on the ileal digestibility of nutrients. However, the total tract digestibility of crude protein and gross energy decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing PSP inclusion level. Increasing levels of PSP in diets increased (P < 0.001) tissue protein content at 24 d of age. Also, sucrase activity of broiler chickens fed on crumbled diets was significantly (P < 0.009) higher than was observed in mash‐fed birds. Feed form is an important factor when processed soy protein is supplemented in prestarter diet and may improve growth and development of digestive functions later in the life of the birds.
Contribution of altitude and Alpine origin of forage to the influence of Alpine sojourn of cows on intake, nitrogen conversion, metabolic stress and milk synthesis

A two-factorial experiment was conducted in order to quantify and distinguish the influences of altitude and forage origin on metabolism and milk synthesis of dairy cows kept at Alpine locations. Each of four experimental groups comprised six dairy cows in early to mid lactation which were kept tethered in barns at altitudes of either 2000 (Alpine) or 400 m above sea level (a.s.l.) (lowland). Two groups (Alpine and lowland) received hay ad libitum , a third group kept in the lowlands was pair-fed to the Alpine group and a control group was offered silages and concentrates according to milk yield. Two hay types, with origin either from 2000 or 400 m a.s. l. , were offered to all hay-alone groups following a change-over design over three 21-day periods. Transferring cows to high altitude triggered a complex adaptation process, which resulted in depressions of food intake at the beginning of the experiment and changed plasma levels of metabolic traits indicating an energy deficit. On average over the entire experiment, high altitude sojourn elevated plasma β -hydroxybutyrate and decreased plasma glucose levels. Yields of milk and of main milk constituents were not significantly affected, but milk protein content was reduced in both the Alpine and in the pair-fed group. No generally elevated maintenance requirements as a consequence of hypoxia were found. Hay-alone feeding caused a co-limitation of net energy and absorbable protein in both hay types which was almost completely compensated by a reduction of milk yield. The hay of Alpine origin had a lower digestibility and crude protein content than the lowland hay which resulted in changes in blood plasma traits and a further suppression of milk yield and milk protein and lactose contents. Due to the low N content of the Alpine hay, N utilization for milk protein synthesis remained similar to that found with lowland hay, and manure N of these cows contained the lowest proportion of easily-volatile urine N. In conclusion, forage origin in conjunction with diet type seems to explain the major part of the adverse effects that the Alpine sojourn exerts on lactating dairy cows while the effects of hypoxia appear to be of lesser importance.
Afídeos vetores de vírus em trigo e cevada em Guarapuava - PR: monitoramento, manejo de inseticidas e análise econômica associada ao controle químico

Entender o comportamento de afideos pragas de cereais de inverno e uma importante estrategia para controle juntamente com a utilizacao de inseticidas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o monitoramento das principais especies de afideos e seus parasitoides em cevada e trigo, e avaliar a eficiencia agronomica e economica do controle de afideos por diferentes formas de emprego de inseticidas. O monitoramento de afideos e parasitoides e avaliacao do uso de inseticidas foi conduzido em Guarapuava-PR durante as safras 2011 e 2012. Coletas semanais de afideos foram feitas atraves de bandejas amarelas, sendo estes classificados em nivel de especie, e a populacao comparada com algumas variaveis climaticas. Coletou-se afideos mumificados, e apos a emergencia, os parasitoides foram identificados em nivel de genero ou especie. O delineamento experimental para avaliar o efeito protetor de diferentes formas de emprego de inseticida foi de blocos ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas com quatro repeticoes. As parcelas principais receberam os manejos com inseticidas (T1: tratamento de sementes (TS) + inseticida na parte aerea quinzenalmente; T2: apenas TS; T3: inseticida aplicado em parte aerea, quando atingiu o nivel de controle (NC); e T4: sem inseticida), as subparcelas constituiram-se de diferentes cultivares de cevada e trigo. Na safra 2012, foi incluido mais um tratamento na parcela (T5: TS + inseticida na parte aerea quando atingiu o NC) e na subparcela (mais uma cultivar de cevada ou trigo). As especies de afideos amostrados na media das safras em ordem decrescente foram: Rhopalosiphum padi (81,3%), Metopolophium dirhodum (12,2%), Sitobion avenae (4,2%), Rhopalosiphum maidis (1,0%), Sipha flava (0,9%), Schizaphis graminum (0,3%) e Sipha maydis (0,2%). Os parasitoides coletados foram os seguintes: Diaeretiella rapae, Aphelinus spp. , Aphidius spp. e Lysiphlebus testaceipes. Observou-se diferencas entre as formas de emprego dos inseticidas para o indice de doenca nas duas safras, enquanto que o dano no rendimento de graos e outras variaveis foram influenciados pelo ano e populacao de afideos. Diferencas economicas foram observadas entre tratamentos. Concluiu-se que o TS com inseticida e uma excelente ferramenta para controle de afideos em anos com baixa pressao populacional, ja em anos com maiores populacoes, a aplicacao de inseticida na parte aerea tambem e necessaria.
Fluorescing Layered Double Hydroxides as Tracer Materials for Particle Injection during Subsurface Water Remediation

Nowadays, the contamination of groundwater and soils by highly hazardous and toxic chlorinated solvents is a global issue. Over the past years, different remediation strategies have been developed, involving injection of reactive solutions and/or particles. However, a major difficulty is the monitoring of injected particles during the injection and after secondary mobilisation by groundwater flow. This study is focussed on the development of directly traceable particles by combining fluorescein with Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs). We present here the facile and easily tuneable synthesis of fluorescing LDHs (Fluo-LDH) via co-precipitation under supersaturation conditions. Their ability to mimic particle sizes of previously studied reactive LDHs, which proved to be able to adsorb or degrade chlorinated organic solvents from aqueous solutions, was investigated as well. Tests using a novel Optical Image Profiler (OIP) confirmed that the fluorescent LDHs can be easily detected with this tool. Even LDHs with the lowest amount of fluorescent dye were detectable. Together with the use of an OIP, which is capable of exciting the fluorescent material and collecting real-time pictures, this can provide a new, efficient, and cost-effective method for in situ tracing of injected particles in the subsurface.
Structure-function analysis of an autoactive derivative of the tomato Cf-9 disease resistance protein

iii LIST OF FIGURES . v LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF ABBREVATIONS . ix TABLE OF CONTENTS . xi CHAPTER 1: Literature Review . 1 1.1 The plant immune system . 3 1.1.1 Non-host resistance . 3 1.1.2 Host-specific resistance . 4 1.2 Plant resistance proteins . 8 1.2.1 NB-LRR receptors . 8 1.2.2 eLRR RLKs and RLPs . 9 1.2.2.1 Tomato Ve1 receptor . 13 1.2.2. 2 Tomato Eix1 and Eix2 receptors . 13 1.2.2.3 The requirement for signalling partners in eLRR RLP function . 14 1.2.2.4 Effector-triggered defence (ETD) – a new concept in plant defence . 14 1.3 Pathogen recognition – direct and indirect recognition . 16 1.3. 1 The LRR domain . 16 1.3. 2 Direct recognition by R proteins . 18 1.3. 3 Indirect recognition by R proteins. 19 1.4 The tomato-Cladosporium fulvum pathosystem . 20 1.4. 1 The tomato-C. fulvum compatible and incompatible interactions . 23 1.4. 2 The C. fulvum effectors . 23 1.4. 3 The tomato Cf genes . 26
Development on the leading small and medium-sized industry (SMI): food industry in Jambi Province

The objectives of this research are: 1). to analyze the factors which determine the production of leading small-medium food industry, 2). to analyze the effect of leading small-medium food industry production towards community income. The analysis models used are simultaneous equation model (ESM) and simple regression. The research results show that the determining factors on the production of leading small-medium food industry are investment, production capacity, labor, sales, and the utilization of technology simultaneously. However, individually, the sales have significant influence on the production of leading small-medium food industry in which determined by promotion and market share. In addition, the influence of leading small-medium food industry is very significant on community income with a contribution of 59.54%. The amount of public income in the leading small-medium food industry is IDR 1.5 million for a single production period of 1.5 months or approximately IDR 1 million per month.
Residual efficacy of cypermethrin and pirimiphos-methyl against Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) in wheat grain

SUMMARY Residual efficacy of EC formulations of two insecticides: cypermethrin supplemented with the synergist piperonyl butoxide, and pirimiphos-methyl, against adults of the Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier), was investigated in the laboratory (at 25±1°C and 55-60% r.h.) by applying water solutions of products based either on cypermethrin (1.6 mg a.i./kg of wheat grain) or pirimiphos-methyl (4 mg a.i./kg of wheat grain) to wheat grain. Insect mortality on deposits of different age: 0, 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days was estimated after 2, 7 and 14 days of insect exposure to treated wheat. After 2 day exposure, cypermethrin caused mortality of up to 46% on all deposits (age 0-180 days). After 7 days of exposure, high efficacy (94-100%) was found only on deposits that were up to 90 days old, while the mortality of S. cerealella adults on all deposits following 14 days of exposure was 98-100%, and it was probably additionally enhanced by natural mortality. Pirimiphos-methyl was 98-100% effective after 2 days of exposure to deposits that were up to 30 days old, while it achieved maximum efficacy (100%) after 7 days of insect exposure to deposits aging for up to 150 days, and 94% efficacy on 180 days old deposits. After 14 days of adult exposure to all deposit ages, there were no surviving insects (efficacy 100%). The results show that pirimiphos-methyl was more effective against S. cerealella adults and had a longer residual activity than cypermethrin.
Local Knowledge and Perspectives of Change in Homegardens: A Photovoice Study in Kandy District, Sri Lanka

Kandyan homegardens are traditional agroforestry systems that exist to support rural livelihoods in Kandy District, Sri Lanka. These agro-ecosystems have been sustained over generations of socio-ecological change and are recognized today for their biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services. The main drivers of adaption and the sustainability of homegardens are the local farmers who manage them on a daily basis. However, despite being key stakeholders, local communities have seldom been included in research, especially through participatory approaches. This study utilized a participatory and visual method called photovoice to reveal the local perspectives and experiences of socio-ecological change as viewed by 24 Kandyan homegardeners. The results highlight visual documentation and narrative that publicly displayed farmers’ perspectives of their current homegardening situation and the major challenges they face. The priorities for future conservation of homegardens include addressing wildlife conflict and crop damage, the lack of land to grow, and a decline in available labor and interest in agriculture, especially among younger household members. Our results indicate that the photovoice process allowed for rich, varied, and in-depth stories of the human-ecological relationship in homegardens to emerge. Consideration of these relationships and the knowledge of local communities are necessary for understanding socio-ecological change in homegardens, and key to sustainable development. Photovoice, we conclude, is a robust method for research in agroforestry systems that can effectively engage local farmers and produce participant-driven data that are potentially well suited to complement other methods for a more holistic approach to understanding homegardens.