Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
S0033291718000569jra 103..112

Background. Evidence suggests that cannabis-induced psychotic-like experiences may be a marker of psychosis proneness. The effect of such experiences on cannabis use has not systematically been examined. Methods. We undertook a mixed-methods online survey of 1231 cannabis users (including 926 continued users) using the Cannabis Experiences Questionnaire. We examined the effect of psychotic-like and pleasurable experiences on cessation of cannabis and intention to quit. Socio-demographic variables, cannabis use parameters and substance misuse history were included as covariates. Free-text data explored subjective reasons for changes in use. Results. Cessation of cannabis use was associated with greater psychotic-like experiences [ p < 0.001, Exp(B) 1.262, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.179–1.351], whilst continued cannabis users were more likely to report pleasurable experiences [ p < 0.001, Exp(B) 0.717, 95% CI 0.662–0.776]. Intention to quit cannabis in continued users was associated with greater psychotic-like experiences [ p < 0.003, Exp(B) 1.131, 95% CI 1.044–1.225], whilst intention to not quit was significantly associated with increased pleasurable experiences [ p < 0.015, Exp(B) 0.892, 95% CI 0.814–0.978]. Whereas former users clearly ascribed cessation to negative experiences, continued users who expressed intention to quit less readily ascribed the intention to negative experiences. Conclusions. Elucidation of psychotic-like experiences may form the basis of a therapeutic intervention for those who wish to quit. Cessation in those with cannabis-induced psychotomimetic experiences may offset the risk for the development of a psychotic disorder, in this higher risk group.
PNS1300339 433..440

This review aims to assess the efficacy and safety of voluntary fortification as an option to address the occurrence of inadequate micronutrient intakes in population subgroups in Europe. Although legislation is harmonised across the European Union, fortification practices and patterns of consumption of fortified foods vary considerably between countries. While the proportion of children consuming fortified foods is greater than adults, the proportion of dietary energy obtained from fortified foods is generally low (<10% in Ireland, where fortified foods are widely consumed). There are a few systematic studies on the overall nutritional impact of voluntary fortification, but there are several studies on the impact of fortified ready-to-eat breakfast cereals. The available evidence indicates that voluntary fortification can reduce the risk of sub-optimal intakes of a range of micronutrients at a population level and can also improve status for selected micronutrients (e.g. folate, vitamin D and riboflavin) in children and adults. Although concerns have been raised regarding the potential of food fortification to lead to unacceptably high micronutrient intakes, particularly for those consuming higher amounts of fortified foods, data from national surveys on total micronutrient intakes (including fortified foods) in Europe show that small proportions of the population, particularly children, may exceed the upper intake level (UL) for some micronutrients. The risk of adverse effects occurring in these individuals exceeding the UL by modest amounts is low. In conclusion, voluntary fortification practices have been shown to improve intake and status of key micronutrients in European Union population groups and do not contribute appreciably to risk of adverse effects.
Using whole-genome sequencing to characterize clinically significant blood groups among healthy older Australians

There have been no comprehensive studies of a full range of blood group polymorphisms within the Australian population. The problem is compounded by the absence of any databases carrying genomic information on chronically transfused patients and low frequency blood group antigens in Australia. Here, we use RBCeq, a web server-based blood group genotyping software, to identify unique blood group variants among Australians and compare the variation detected versus global data. Whole genome sequencing data was analysed from for 2796 healthy older Australians from the Medical Genome Reference Bank and compared with data from 1000G phase 3 (1KGP3) databases comprising 661 African, 347 American, 503 European, 504 East Asian, and 489 South Asian participants. There were 688 rare variants detected in this Australian sample population, including nine variants that had clinical associations. Notably, we identified 149 variants that were computationally predicted to be novel and deleterious. No clinically significant rare or novel variants were found associated with the genetically complex ABO blood group system. For the Rh blood group system one novel and 16 rare variants were found. Our detailed blood group profiling results provide a starting point for the creation of an Australian blood group variant database.
SCALP HIGH FREQUENCY OSCILLATION RATE DEPENDS ON SLEEP STAGE AND DECREASES WITH TIME SPENT IN SLEEP

High frequency oscillations (HFO) in scalp EEG are a new and promising epilepsy biomarker. HFO analysis is typically restricted to random and relatively brief sleep segments. However, considerable fluctuations of HFO rates have been observed over the recording nights, particularly in relation to sleep stages and cycles. Here, we identify the timing within the sleep period and the minimal data interval length that allow for sensitive and reproducible detection of scalp HFO. We selected 16 seizure-free whole-night scalp EEG recordings of children and adolescents with focal lesional epilepsy (median age 7.6 y, range 2.2-17.4 y). We used an automated and clinically validated HFO detector to determine HFO rates (80-250 Hz) in bipolar channels. To identify significant variability over different NREM sleep stages and over time spent in sleep, we modelled HFO rate as a Poisson process. We analysed the test-retest reliability to evaluate the reproducibility of HFO detection across recording intervals. Scalp HFO rates were higher in N3 than in N2 sleep and highest in the first sleep cycle, decreasing with time spent in sleep. In N3 sleep, the median reliability of HFO detection increased from 67% to 79% to 100% for 5-, 10-, and 15-min data intervals, improving significantly (p=0.004) from 5 to 10 min but not from 10 to 15 min. In this analysis of whole-night scalp EEG, we identified the first N3 sleep stage as the most sensitive time window for HFO rate detection. N3 data intervals of 10 min duration are required and sufficient for reliable measurements of HFO rates. Our study provides a robust and reliable framework for implementing scalp HFO as an EEG biomarker in pediatric epilepsy.
Paid Sick-Leave and Physical Mobility: Evidence from the United States During a Pandemic

We study the effects of a massive temporary U.S. paid sick leave (PSL) mandate that became effective April 1st, 2020 on self-quarantining, proxied by physical mobility behaviors gleaned from cellular devices. Such behaviors are critical for containment of infectious diseases. The national PSL policy was implemented in response to the COVID-19 global pandemic and mandated two weeks of fully compensated paid leave. We study the impact of this policy using difference-in-differences methods, leveraging pre-policy county-level differences in the share of 'nonessential' workers likely eligible for paid sick leave benefits. We find robust evidence that the policy increased the average number of hours at home and reduced the share of the individuals likely at work. Comparing the county with the lowest to highest policy exposure, we find that the average hours per day not at home, and at work decreased by 8.9% and 6.9% post- policy.
Virtual experiments provide plausible explanations for IVIVE underpredictions of hepatic clearance

We demonstrate how results of virtual experiments can suggest mechanism-based explanations for IVIVE underpredictions of hepatic clearance. We use agent-oriented, discrete-event methods. We experiment on software analogies of rats and hepatocyte cultures dosed identically with objects that mimic two idealized compounds, vC1 (not cleared) and vC2 (removal maximized). Hepatocytes in cultures and rat livers interact identically with vC1 and vC2. The rules governing vC1 and vC2 movements and interactions with hepatocytes are the same in both systems. The two software systems are independent; to be useful in discovering plausible explanations of IVIVE inaccuracies, we require that, in the absence of hepatocyte exposure differences, the culture-to-rat scaling factor = 1.0 for all corresponding measures. The probability of cell entry (pEnter) maps directly to the unbound-fraction of drug used by IVIVE methods. For vC1 (vC2), we achieve that validation target for pEnter = 0.05-1.0 (1.0). However, for pEnter = 0.05-0.8, vC2 removal rates during culture experiments underpredicted corresponding removal rates in rats. The magnitude of the underpredictions increases with decreasing pEnter. For example, using pEnter = 0.1 (0.3), peak vC2 removal rates in culture experiments underpredict corresponding removal rates in rats by 3.2 (1.4) fold. Underpredictions are a consequence of the biomimetic periportal-to-pericentral organization of hepatocytes within virtual livers are absent in virtual cultures. In rats, pericentral hepatocytes do more of the vC2 removal work. The results suggest that using IVIVE methods that abstract away influential features of hepatocyte organization within livers may contribute to IVIVE underpredictions. Significance Statement From experiments on virtual (software) counterparts of rats and hepatocyte cultures, we learned that IVIVE underpredictions are a consequence of the biomimetic periportal-to-pericentral organization of hepatocytes within virtual livers being absent in virtual cultures. Using IVIVE methods that abstract away influential features of hepatocyte organization within livers may contribute in part to some IVIVE underpredictions. Visual Abstract
Chromatin-contact atlas reveals disorder-mediated protein interactions and moonlighting chromatin-associated RBPs

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play diverse roles in regulating co-transcriptional RNA-processing and chromatin functions, but our knowledge of the repertoire of chromatin-associated RBPs (caRBPs) and their interactions with chromatin remains limited. Here, we developed SPACE (Silica Particle Assisted Chromatin Enrichment) to isolate global and regional chromatin components with high specificity and sensitivity, and SPACEmap to identify the chromatin-contact regions in proteins. Applied to mouse embryonic stem cells, SPACE identified 1,459 chromatin-associated proteins, ∼48% of which are annotated as RBPs, indicating their dual roles in chromatin and RNA-binding. Additionally, SPACEmap stringently verified chromatin-binding of 404 RBPs and identified their chromatin-contact regions. Notably, SPACEmap showed that about half of the caRBPs bind to chromatin by intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). Studying SPACE and total proteome dynamics from mES cells grown in 2iL and serum medium indicates significant correlation (R = 0.62). One of the most dynamic caRBPs is Dazl, which we find co-localized with PRC2 at transcription start sites of genes that are distinct from Dazl mRNA binding. Dazl and other PRC2-colocalised caRBPs are rich in intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), which could contribute to the formation and regulation of phase-separated PRC condensates. Together, our approach provides an unprecedented insight into IDR-mediated interactions and caRBPs with moonlighting functions in native chromatin.
Coordination of genome replication and anaphase entry by rDNA copy number in S. cerevisiae

Eukaryotes maintain hundreds of copies of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), many more than required for ribosome biogenesis, suggesting a yet undefined role for large rDNA arrays outside of ribosomal RNA synthesis. We demonstrate that reducing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae rDNA array to 35 copies, which is sufficient for ribosome function, shifts rDNA from being the latest replicating region in the genome to one of the earliest. This change in replication timing results in delayed genome-wide replication and classic replication defects. We present evidence that the requirement for rDNA to replicate late, which is conserved among eukaryotes, also coordinates the completion of genome replication with anaphase entry through the proper sequestration of the mitotic exit regulator Cdc14p in the rDNA-containing nucleolus. Our findings suggest that, instead of being a passive repetitive element, the large late-replicating rDNA array plays an active role in genome replication and cell cycle control.
Structural and functional networks involved in empathy for positive and negative emotions in late adulthood Abbreviated title: Empathy and aging

Structural and functional networks involved in empathy for positive and negative emotions in late adulthood Abbreviated title: Empathy and aging Maryam Ziaei, Lena Oestreich, David C. Reutens & Natalie C. Ebner # 1 Centre for Advanced Imaging, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 2 UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. 3 Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Florida, USA 4 Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Florida, USA 5 Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
Long vs short-term synaptic learning rules after optogenetic spike-timing-dependent plasticity

Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is a candidate mechanism for information storage in the brain. However, it has been practically impossible to assess the long-term consequences of STDP because recordings from postsynaptic neurons last at most one hour. Here we introduce an optogenetic method to, with millisecond precision, independently control action potentials in two neuronal populations with light. We apply this method to study spike-timing-dependent plasticity (oSTDP) in the hippocampus and reproduce previous findings that depression or potentiation depend on the sequence of pre- and postsynaptic spiking. However, 3 days after induction, oSTDP results in potentiation regardless of the exact temporal sequence, frequency or number of pairings. Blocking activity between induction and readout prevented the synaptic potentiation, indicating that strengthened synapses have to be used to get strong. Our findings indicate that STDP potentiates synapses and that the change in synaptic strength persist to behaviorally relevant timescales.
TOURISM EMPLOYMENTS CHANGES IN INDONESIA

Unemployment and poverty are the main problems in every developing country. One solution used to stimulate job creation and poverty reduction is to develop the tourism sector. With its natural beauty, the tourism sector in Indonesia has been able to develop rapidly in recent years. The development of the tourism sector in Indonesia certainly also affects the structure of the workforce. This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of employment in the tourism sector and provide policy recommendations by the results of the projected labour needs over the next few years. The method used in this research is a mixed-method to look deeper into the condition of the existing tourism workforce. The results showed that the elasticity of employment absorption in the tourism sector in 2010-2018 was 0.02. Also, the projected labour demand for the tourism sector from 2019-2023 shows a positive trend. The low language and tourism education constraints become one of the problems that cause the tourism sector has not yet developed optimally.
High-Accuracy Ranging and Localization With Ultrawideband Communications for Energy-Constrained Devices

Ultrawideband (UWB) communications have gained popularity in recent years for being able to provide distance measurements and localization with high accuracy, which can enhance the capabilities of devices in the Internet of Things (IoT). Since energy efficiency is of utmost concern in such applications, in this work, we evaluate the power and energy consumption, distance measurements, and localization performance of two types of UWB physical interfaces (PHYs), which use either a low- or high-rate pulse repetition (LRP and HRP, respectively). The evaluation is done through measurements acquired in identical conditions, which is crucial in order to have a fair comparison between the devices. We performed measurements in typical line-of-sight (LOS) and nonline-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios. Our results suggest that the LRP interface allows a lower power and energy consumption than the HRP one. Both types of devices achieved ranging and localization errors within the same order of magnitude and their performance depended on the type of NLOS obstruction. We propose theoretical models for the distance errors obtained with LRP devices in these situations, which can be used to simulate realistic building deployments and we illustrate such an example. This article, therefore, provides a comprehensive overview of the energy demands, ranging characteristics, and localization performance of state-of-the-art UWB devices.
Fast MILP-based Task and Motion Planning for Pick-and-Place with Hard/Soft Constraints of Collision-Free Route

We present new models of optimization-based task and motion planning (TAMP) for robotic pick-and-place (P&P), which plan action sequences and motion trajectory with low computational costs. We improved an existing state-of-the-art TAMP model integrated with the collision avoidance, which is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programing (MILP) problem. To enable the MILP solver to search for solutions efficiently, we introduced two approaches leveraging features of collision avoidance in robotic P&P. The first approach reduces number of binary variables, which are related to the collision avoidance of delivery objects, by reformulating them as continuous variables with additional hard constraints. These hard constraints maintain consistency by conditionally propagating binary values, which are related to the carry action state and collision avoidance of robots, to the reformulated continuous variables. The second approach is more aware of the branch-and-bound method, which is the fundamental algorithm of modern MILP solvers. This approach guides the MILP solver to find integer solutions with shallower branching by adding a soft constraint, which softly restricts a robot’s routes around delivery objects. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches with a modern MILP solver.
Asymptotic nonlocality

We construct a theory of real scalar fields that interpolates between two different theories: a Lee–Wick theory with N propagator poles, including N − 1 Lee–Wick partners, and a nonlocal infinite-derivative theory with kinetic terms modified by an entire function of derivatives with only one propagator pole. Since the latter description arises when taking the N → ∞ limit, we refer to the theory as “asymptotically nonlocal. ” Introducing an auxiliary-field formulation of the theory allows one to recover either the higher-derivative form (for any N) or the Lee–Wick form of the Lagrangian, depending on which auxiliary fields are integrated out. The effective scale that regulates quadratic divergences in the large-N theory is the would-be nonlocal scale, which can be hierarchically lower than the mass of the lightest Lee–Wick resonance. We comment on the possible utility of this construction in addressing the hierarchy problem. ∗jboos@wm.edu †cdcaro@wm.edu 1 ar X iv :2 10 4. 11 19 5v 2 [ he pth ] 1 8 Ju n 20 21
Independent Reinforcement Learning for Weakly Cooperative Multiagent Traffic Control Problem

The adaptive traffic signal control (ATSC) problem can be modeled as a multiagent cooperative game among urban intersections, where intersections cooperate to counter the city's traffic conditions. Recently, reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved marked successes in managing sequential decision making problems, which motivates us to apply RL in the ATSC problem. One of the largest challenges of this problem is that the observation of intersection is typically partially observable, which limits the learning performance of RL algorithms. Considering the large scale of intersections in an urban traffic environment, we use independent RL to solve ATSC problem in this study. We model ATSC problem as a partially observable weak cooperative traffic model (PO-WCTM). Different from a traditional IRL task that averages the returns of all agents in fully cooperative games, the learning goal of each intersection in PO-WCTM is to reduce the cooperative difficulty of learning, which is also consistent with the traffic environment hypothesis. To achieve the optimal cooperative strategy of PO-WCTM, we propose an IRL algorithm called Cooperative Important Lenient Double DQN (CIL-DDQN), which extends Double DQN (DDQN) algorithm using two mechanisms: the forgetful experience mechanism and the lenient weight training mechanism. The former mechanism decreases the importance of experiences stored in the experience reply buffers, while the latter mechanism increases the weight experiences with high estimation and ‘leniently’ trains the DDQN neural network. Experiments in two real traffic scenarios and one simulated traffic scenarios show that, CIL-DDQN outperforms other methods in almost all performance indicators of ATSC.
Robust Certification for Laplace Learning on Geometric Graphs

Graph Laplacian (GL)-based semi-supervised learning is one of the most used approaches for classifying nodes in a graph. Understanding and certifying the adversarial robustness of machine learning (ML) algorithms has attracted large amounts of attention from different research communities due to its crucial importance in many security-critical applied domains. There is great interest in the theoretical certification of adversarial robustness for popular ML algorithms. In this paper, we provide the first adversarial robust certification for the GL classifier. More precisely we quantitatively bound the difference in the classification accuracy of the GL classifier before and after an adversarial attack. Numerically, we validate our theoretical certification results and show that leveraging existing adversarial defenses for the $k$-nearest neighbor classifier can remarkably improve the robustness of the GL classifier.
Some results on structure of all arc-locally (out) in-semicomplete digraphs

Arc-locally semicomplete and arc-locally in-semicomplete digraphs were introduced by BangJensen as a common generalization of both semicomplete and semicomplete bipartite digraphs in 1993. Later, Bang-Jensen (2004), Galeana-Sánchez and Goldfeder (2009) and Wang and Wang (2009) provided a characterization of strong arc-locally semicomplete digraphs. In 2009, Wang andWang characterized strong arc-locally in-semicomplete digraphs. In 2012, Galeana-Sánchez and Goldfeder provided a characterization of all arc-locally semicomplete digraphs which generalizes some results by Bang-Jensen. In this paper, we characterize the structure of arbitrary connected arc-locally (out) in-semicomplete digraphs and arbitrary connected arc-locally semicomplete digraphs.
Domain Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation via Patch-Wise Contrastive Learning

We introduce a novel approach to unsupervised and semi-supervised domain adaptation for semantic segmentation. Unlike many earlier methods that rely on adversarial learning for feature alignment, we leverage contrastive learning to bridge the domain gap by aligning the features of structurally similar label patches across domains. As a result, the networks are easier to train and deliver better performance. Our approach consistently outperforms state-of-the-art unsupervised and semi-supervised methods on two challenging domain adaptive segmentation tasks, particularly with a small number of target domain annotations. It can also be naturally extended to weakly-supervised domain adaptation, where only a minor drop in accuracy can save up to 75% of annotation cost.