Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization ofgagandpolSequences from Long-Term Survivors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection

Abstract We previously identified a group of 10 long-term survivors (LTS) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Extensive biological analysis revealed that some of these individuals do well, at least in part, because they possess weakened or attenuated viruses. Also, previously, to determine the genotype associated with the attenuated phenotype in vivo, we characterized nef, vif, vpr, vpu, env, and LTR in our cohort of LTS. In this study, we analyzed gag and pol genes derived from eight individuals in our cohort. For each subject, multiple full-length gag and pol clones were obtained for analysis. In most cases, the sequences derived from the LTS had an intact open reading frame. At the protein level, there were no discernible differences between the sequences derived from LTS and those derived from patients with AIDS. Thus, no common defect in gag and pol was found in our cohort. One individual (subject SF), however, had only Gag-defective proviral sequences (10 of 10) in his peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, longitudinal studies of the samples collected from SF over a 2-year period showed that all p17 gag clones sequenced (24 of 24) were defective due to G-to-A hypermutations. This viral defect in Gag may provide the molecular basis for this individual's extremely low viral load and long-term asymptomatic state. These results, together with previous findings in our LTS cohort, reinforce the notion that it is unlikely that a single common viral genetic determinant accounts for the lack of disease progression in all cases. Multiple host and viral factors undoubtedly contribute to the well-being of LTS of HIV-1 infection.
Survey of Barley yellow dwarf virus incidence in winter cereal crops, and assessment of wheat and barley resistance to the virus*

Abstract. A survey of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) incidence in cereal crops in the Czech Republic over 4 years showed, on average, 13.3% BYDV-positive, randomly tested wheat and barley samples. The cultivated wheat and barley cultivars had different levels of susceptibility to BYDV infection. Field trials were performed with different barley and wheat breeding lines and cultivars, and resistance traits were evaluated after artificial inculcation by the viruliferous aphid vector Rhopalosiphum padi L. with BYDV-PAV. Our results showed high variability of visual symptom score (VSS) and reduction in grain weight per spike (GWS-R) in trials within the tested lines and cultivars. The barley line (WBON 96-123) and cultivars (Wysor, Travira) that contained RYd2 differed significantly from other cultivars in VSS. Line WBON 96-123 and cvv. Wysor and Yatzi showed the lowest GWS-R. Wheat line PSR 3628 and cvv. Altigo, Elan, Sparta, Aladin and Hewit showed significant difference from other cultivars in VSS. PSR 3628, Sparta, and Elan showed the lowest GWS-R. Similar results were obtained from BYDV titre analysis by RT-qPCR corresponding to the VSS and GWS-R traits. A low virus titre corresponded to low VSS and GWS-R. Hence, our results suggest that laborious and time-consuming GWS-R analysis could be replaced in some cases by qPCR-based BYDV titre analysis and, together with VSS evaluation, could enhance the efficiency of resistance assessment.
DETERMINANTS OF FERTILIZER MICRODOSING-INDUCED YIELD INCREMENT OF PEARL MILLET ON AN ACID SANDY SOIL

SUMMARY Recent studies have reported the benefits of fertilizer microdosing in increasing crop yields in low input cropping systems. Little information is however available on the mechanisms underlying this effect. The objective of this study was therefore to explore the root-based mechanisms governing the growth enhancing phenomena of the fertilizer microdosing technology. A two-year experiment was conducted at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Research Station in Niger. Four treatments comprising (i) 2 g hill−1 of diammonuim phosphate (DAP), (ii) 6 g hill−1 of compound fertilizer NPK, (iii) broadcasting of 200 kg ha−1 of compound fertilizer NPK (recommended rate) and (iv) unfertilized control was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. On average, fertilizer microdosing treatments (2-g DAP hill−1 and 6-g NPK hill−1) achieved 86% and 79% of the grain yields recorded from broadcasting of 200-kg NPK ha−1, respectively, in 2013 and 2014. The leaf area index and leaf chlorophyll content significantly increased with fertilizer microdosing at the early stage of millet growth. At the same stage, fertilizer microdosing enhanced the lateral root length density in the topsoil (0–20 cm) by 72% and 40% at respective lateral distances of 25 cm and 50 cm from the centre of the hill compared with broadcast of 200-kg NPK ha−1. Fertilizer microdosing did not significantly change soil pH in the root zone. It is concluded that the positive effect of fertilizer microdosing in increasing millet yield results from the better exploitation of soil nutrients due to early lateral roots proliferation within the topsoil.
The influence of temperature on individual growth rates of the Antarctic mite Alaskozetes antarcticus

Les taux de croissance potentiels maximums et les temperatures optimales de croissance et de survie de l'acarien oribate antarctique Alaskozetes antarcticus ont ete etudies au laboratoire. Grâce a l'utilisation de chambres d'elevage individuelles, la croissance (augmentation du poids frais) et la survie ont ete suivies chez deux stases immatures et chez les adultes a trois temperatures d'elevage (2, 7 et 12° C) sur une periode de dix mois. Environ 50% des individus ont survecu pendant la duree de l'etude, le meilleur taux de survie etant observe a 2° C et le taux de survie le plus faible a 12° C. Les taux de croissance peuvent etre rapides sur des periodes courtes (les nymphes, par exemple, peuvent doubler leur poids frais en quatre a six semaines), mais les individus peuvent aussi passer par de beaucoup plus longues periodes de stabilite ponderale lors des episodes de repos ou de pre-mue
GROWTH-RATE ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN THE ENERGY-REQUIREMENTS OF TERN CHICKS

To obtain information on the energetic implications of intraspecific growth rate differences we measured the energy requirement for development in chicks of Common Tern Sterna hirundo and Sandwich Tern S. sandvicensis under laboratory conditions. Both maximum (kJ.day-1) and total gross energy intake for development (kJ during prefledging period) increased with growth rate and were reduced by almost 40% and 25%, respectively, in the slowest compared to the fastest growing individuals in each of the two species. These results imply that the range of food availability within which a chick can grow to adulthood, is wider than hitherto believed. However, one should bear in mind that slow growth also may result in higher nestling and postfledging mortality.
An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Of A Multi-modal Attendance Program: Perceptions Of Distributed Leadership Practices By Teachers And Administrators.

This qualitative study examined the perceptions and experiences of teachers and administrators in delivering a multi-modal attendance program aimed at combatting chronic absenteeism through student engagement practices. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six participants, three administrators and three teachers, at a public elementary school in a suburban setting. The purpose of the interview-directed questions was to better understand the shared experiences of teachers and administrators in their delivery of the programming. Questions were specific to the participant’s role working with students identified as chronically absent, how leadership relates to the implementation of the school’s attendance program, and opportunities offered for professional development regarding absenteeism. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to frame the three research questions and data analysis process. The theoretical framework, distributed leadership (DL), was used as a lens to better understand the perceptions and experiences of teachers and administrators. The four most prevalent and consistent findings revealed from the interviews were the perceived importance of connectedness between student and school community, the importance of communication and collaboration between all stakeholders in addressing the needs of students who are chronically absent, the use of multiple interventions, as opposed to one singular intervention, and the issue of control and the observed finding that teachers and administrators cannot control all aspects of a student’s attendance. The multi-modal programming, executed using a distributed leadership model, was effective as demonstrated by lower absentee rates than projected after one year of program implementation at the research site.
A phenotypic diversity analysis of maize germplasm preserved in China

Phenotypic diversity, in terms of Shannon-Weaver diversity indices, of a total of 13,521 maize landraces and 3258 maize inbred lines preserved in China National Genebank were analyzed in the present study. The results revealed that the phenotypic diversity of the landraces associated with the geographic sources but that of the inbred lines had no clear relation with geographic sources. Generally, the diversity in the landraces was larger than that in the inbreds, which indicated the importance of conserving and using landraces. Strategies for effective preservation and utilization of maize germplasm in China are also proposed.
Paradoxical responses to releasing hormones

Infusion of increasing doses of somatostatin (SRIF) (respec­ tively 60, 120, and 300 ug/hour for 1 h) disclosed the presence of two groups of acromegalics. In group I (n = 8 patients), the elevated serum hGH levels (mean basal value 25 + 4 ng/nil (+ SEM)) decreased to normal values (hGH < 7.5 ng/ml ) , whereas in group II (n = 12) serum hGH levels (mean basal value 55 + 13 ng/ml; Ρ < 0.01 vs group I) remained elevated (36 + 18 ng/ml during infusion of 300 ug SRIF). At each dose level of SRIF, the mean percentage decrease in group I was significantly greater than in group II (61 + 9% vs 19 + 4% at 60 yg/h, 64 + 7 vs 25 + 7% at 120 ug/h, and 83 + 3 vs 35 + 7% at 300 pg/h; Ρ < 0.01 at each dose level). Serum hGH levels showed a significant rebound above basal values after stopping SRIF infusion only in group I. The difference in SRIF sensitivity between the 2 groups was further substantiated by the much higher rate of decline of hGH in group I (t,/ ? 56 + 13 min in group I vs 260 + 75 min in group II (P < 0.01)). LRH (100 ug) elicited a distinct hGH increase only in the group of acrome­ galics with the higher SRIF sensitivity (5 out of 8 patients in group I against 0 out of 12 patients in group II; Ρ < 0.01). In contrast, the responsiveness to TRH was similar in both groups (6 out of 8 in group I against 9 out of 12 in group I I ) , and acute bromocryptine administration (5 mg orally) proved equally potent in lowering hGH levels in both groups (percentage decrease 66 + 13% in group I vs 67 + 8% in group II; Ρ > 0.10 ) . We conclude the following: 1) The present data confirm the existence of two distinct subgroups of acromegalics characterized by differing sensitivities to SRIF. Endogenous SRIF deficiency in the more sensitive subgroup might account for this difference. 2) LRH induced a marked hGH increase only in the SRIF normal izers, suggesting a tight connection between the action of these hypotha­ lamic factors. The absence of such linkage between TRH and SRIF responses points to different modes of action of TRH and LRH at the somatotroph; 3) SRIF responsiveness does not parallel the bromocryptine response in acromegaly. Therefore, long-acting hGH-
Effects of Soil pH on Competitive Ability and Leaf Nutrient Content of Corn (Zea mays L.) and Three Weed Species

Effects of soil pH on growth, competitive ability, and leaf nutrient content of corn (Zea mays L.), Powell amaranth (Amaranthus powellii S. Wats. ♯ AMAPO), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic. ♯ ABUTH), and green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. ♯ SETVI] were measured in the field. Corn yields were significantly reduced by weed competition at all pH levels, but leaf nutrient content, as a percentage of dry weight, was not affected. Aboveground dry weights of Powell amaranth and velvetleaf were significantly lower at pH 4.8 than at pH 6.0 or 7.3, whereas growth of green foxtail was greater at pH 4.8 than at pH 7.3. Weed competitive ability, as evidenced by reductions in dry weight, varied with soil pH and companion plant. Powell amaranth and velvetleaf had higher levels of S, Zn, and especially Mn, at pH 4.8 than at pH 7.3. N and K in the leaf tissue were greater in the weed species than in corn at all soil pH levels. The dicot species had higher percentages of Ca and Mg in leaf tissue at all soil pH levels and accumulated higher percentages of Mn at low pH than the monocot species.
A no-tillage tomato production system using hairy vetch and subterranean clover mulches

A novel approach is described for using two winter annual legumes-hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L. Roth.) and 'Mt. Barker' subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)-as cover crops and plant mulches in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production. The approach calls for sowing the cover crops in the fall in prepared beds, mowing the covercrops with a high-speed flail mower immediately before transplanting the tomato seedlings into the field in early May, and then transplanting the seedlings into the beds with minimal interruption of the soil or mulch cover. Plants in the vetch treatment with no tillage produced a higher yield than those grown under black polyethylene, paper, or no mulch in conventional systems. Both plant mulches delayed fruit maturity by ≃10 days relative to black polyethylene mulch []
Der Einfluss der Kaninchenbeweidung auf die Vegetation am Beispiel des Straussgras-Dünenrasens der Ostfriesischen Inseln

The influence of the wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) on vegetation is analysed in an Agrostio tenuis-Poetum humilis (Koelerion albescentis) of the East Frisian Islands. The association can be studied under the same ecological conditions in a rabbit-free and rabbit-grazed formation, because rabbits occur on only four of the seven main islands
Mathematical modelling of axon guidance in chemical gradients

Correct wiring is crucial to the proper functioning of the nervous system. Key signals guiding growth cones, the motile tips of developing axons, to their targets are molecular gradients. The receptors on the membrane of the growth cone bind stochastically with guidance molecules in the environment, giving an estimate of the direction of the gradient. The growth cone then executes biased random movements to navigate toward the chemoattractant source or away from the chemorepellent source. This thesis addresses two questions: 1) how the positioning and diffusion of receptors on the growth cone membrane affect the accuracy of gradient estimation, 2) how trajectories are influenced by chemical gradients. Membrane receptors can diffuse freely on the membrane, smearing out the directional information about the gradient. It was unknown how the positioning and diffusion of receptors affect the estimate of the gradient. To address question (1) above, we utilise an ideal-observer approach, assuming that the growth cone can perform maximum likelihood estimation of the gradient based on the stochastic binding patterns with ligand molecules. The performance of gradient sensing is measured by the Fisher Information between the binding pattern and the gradient direction. The quality of gradient sensing decreases with higher diffusion constant of the receptors and improves with higher concentration. We then extend to a two-dimensional model of an elliptical growth cone with a general prior distribution. With a random uniform distribution of receptors, the shape of the growth cone can introduce bias in the gradient estimate. This bias can be corrected by a non-uniform distribution of receptors with higher density near the minor axis of the growth cone. Besides stochastic gradient sensing, growth cones also trace highly stochastic trajectories, and it is unclear how molecular gradients bias their movement. We then introduce a mathematical model of a correlated random walk based on persistence, bias and noise to describe growth cone trajectories, constrained directly by measurements of the detailed statistics of growth cone movements in both attractive and repulsive gradients in a microfluidic device. This model explains the long-standing mystery that average axon turning angles in gradients in vitro plateau very rapidly with time at relatively small values of 10-20◦. This work introduces the most accurate predictive model of growth cone trajectories to date, and calls into question the ability of molecular gradients alone to provide reliable guidance cues for growing axons.
Molecular detection and characterisation of begomovirus causing bean yellowing disease in Sri Lanka

Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the major vegetable crops cultivated in tropical, sub-tropical and temperate regions in the world. Bean yellowing disease (BYD), which was first reported in 1999 from Sri Lanka is still a serious viral threat to bean cultivation causing severe yield reduction. In this study, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays using degenerate (universal) primers were conducted with the aim of developing molecular techniques to detect the virus. Two degenerate primer pairs, namely, Deng 540/541 and AV494/AC1048 used in the PCR reactions confirmed the association of a begomovirus with the BYD by giving the desired core coat protein amplicons of 520 bp and 550 bp, respectively. The resulting amplicons were subjected to DNA sequencing and the sequence data were analysed to determine the phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary relationships with other related begomovirus sequences obtained from the GenBank. The analysis revealed that the virus associated with BYD (BYVD-GN-SL-Partial) is closely related to Horsegram [ Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. ] yellow mosaic virus isolate (HgYMV-LK: 09-Bean) reported in Sri Lanka. Further, the DNA sequence of BYVD-GN-SL-Partial was distinctively clustered with the Indian HgYMV sequences and positioned in between the Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) sequences.
DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE METAIS PESADOS NA VEGETAÇÃO METALÓFILA DE CARAJÁS 1,2 107

cinco especies vegetais selecionadas para o estudo foram: Bauhinia pulchella Bentham (Leguminosae Caesalpinioideae) -Cuphea annullata Koehne (Lythraceae) -lpomoea cavalcantei D. Austin (Convolvulaceae) -Mimosa acutistipula var.ferrea Barneby (Leguminosae Mimosoideae) e Callisthene minor Mar! (Vochysiaceae). Os metais analisados foram: Ferro (Fe), Manganes (Mn), Cobre (Cu), Niquel (Ni), Cromo (Cr) e Chumbo (Pb). Os teores de metais trocaveis no solo apresentaram-se semelhantes no inicio e centro da jazida mineral.
Phragm\'{e}n-Lindel\"{o}f Principles and Julia Limiting Directions of Quasiregular Mappings

We show that the set of Julia limiting directions of a transcendental-type $K$-quasiregular mapping $f:\mathbb{R}^n\to \mathbb{R}^n$ must contain a component of a certain size, depending on the dimension $n$, the maximal dilatation $K$, and the order of growth of $f$. In particular, we show that if the order of growth is small enough, then every direction is a Julia limiting direction. The main tool in proving these results is a new version of a Phragm\'en-Lindel\"of principle for sub-$F$-extremals in sectors, where we allow for boundary growth of the form $O( \log |x| )$ instead of the previously considered $O(1)$ bound.
Dynamique d'une population de Perinereis cultrifera (Grübe) de la côte nord Bretagne

Sur la cote nord Bretagne, la duree de vie de Perinereis cultrifera est generalement de trois ans, quelques individus pouvant encore se reproduire lors de la quatrieme annee. La reproduction a lieu a l'etat epitoque fin mars-debut avril. La croissance est d'abord segmentaire puis devient ponderale au cours de la seconde annee durant laquelle la differenciation sexuelle s'amorce en decembre pour les femelles et en fevrier-mars pour les mâles. La troisieme annee est surtout marquee par les phenomenes lies a la reproduction; en mars, les individus sont parfaitement epitoques: les femelles et les mâles, respectivement vertes et blancs, peuvent contenir jusqu'a 130 000 ovocytes et 16,3 milliards de spermatozoides
EFFECT OF WATER AND SALT STRESS AS WELL AS ORGANIC MANURE ON SOME NATURAL RANGE PLANTS AT SOUTH SINAI

Four field experiments were carried out at Ras Sudr Research Station, Desert Research Center, at South Sinai Governorate, Egypt. , during two successive growing seasons, i.e. 2008 and 2009 the aimed of this investigation was aimed to study the effect of three levels of salinity i.e. 3500 , 5500 and 7500 ppm, three rates of organic manure i.e. control, 10 and 20 m / fad. well as study the effect of three irrigation interval i.e. 15, 30 and 45 days, three rates of organic manure i.e. control, 10 and 20 m / fad. and their interaction on yield and chemical composition of Ochradenous baccatus and Deverra tortuos plants. Yield and chemical composition were taken at 6 (first cut), 12 (second cut), 18 (third cut) and 24 (fourth cut) months after transplanting. The results could be summarized as follows: 1Fresh and dry yields and crude protein % of Ochradenous baccatus and Deverra tortuosa were higher when grown under salinity concentration of 3500 ppm and 20 m/fad. while total carbohydrates and crude fiber % increased organic fertilization at a rate by increasing salinity level up to 7500 ppm under control organic manure 20 m and, , at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, respectively from transplanting. 2Prolonging the irrigation interval from 15 to 45 days significantly depressed significantly fresh and dry yields and crude protein % and increased total carbohydrates and crude fiber % of two range plants. Increasing organic manure rates from 0 to 20 m / fad. increased fresh and dry yields, crude protein and total carbohydrates and decreased crude fiber % of Ochradenous baccatus and Deverra tortuosa at all growing periods. 3Highest value of fresh and dry yields and crude protein of both range plants was obtained when organic manure was added at the rate 20 m/fad at the low salinity level (3500 pp). While, the highest yield of fresh and dry as well as crude protein for both range plants was obtained when organic manure was added at a rate of 20 m/fad. at the narrow irrigation interval, (10 days) it could be summarized that to increase frash and dry yield of both two range plants by increasing the rate of organic manure up to 20m/ fed. At different salinity levels as well as at the different irrigation intervals.
Nitella tenuissima, a rare Charophyte in Central and Southern Europe

La litterature scientifique fait etat de peu d'information sur la repartition et l'ecologie de Nitella tenuissima en Europe centrale et meridionale. Cette espece est consideree dans plusieurs pays comme « rare» ou « en voie de disparition ». A partir des specimens d'herbier et des donnees de la litterature, le present travail rend compte de la repartition, ancienne et actuelle, de Nitella tenuissima en particulier en Europe centrale et meridionale.