Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of depressive symptoms in high-performance athletes: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Objective: To provide an up-to-date overview of the prevalence of depressive symptoms in high-performance athletes and describe the tools used to assess for these in order to identify knowledge gaps and potential future research priorities. Data sources: PubMed, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, PsychINFO, and Cochrane were systematically searched from December 1993 to December 2018. Peer-reviewed original research articles reporting the prevalence of depression among high-performance athletes aged ≥ 17 years were included. Study selection: Sixteen studies satisfied the inclusion criteria, and seven had a low risk of bias. Data extraction: The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was the most commonly used tool to assess for depressive symptoms. The prevalence of those with high depression symptom cutoff scores ranged from 6.7% to 34.0%. Data synthesis: Higher levels of competition, injuries, > 3 concussions, and female sex were identified as potential risk factors for depression. Female athletes and athletes playing individual sports had high risk of having elevated depression symptom scores. Conclusions: Prevention of mental illness in high-performance sports is a novel and emerging field of research interest. This review highlights the prevalence of high depression symptom scores among high-performance athletes. The data collection methods, sample size, sport and athlete population, and tools used to assess depression vary across studies; thus, findings cannot be generalized. This review establishes the need for data collection enhancements with robust longitudinal study designs and standardized depression assessment tools to guide the development of evidence-based mental wellbeing interventions.
LPI Radar Waveform Recognition Based on Features from Multiple Images

Detecting and classifying the modulation type of the intercepted noisy LPI (low probability of intercept) radar signals in real-time is a necessary survival technique in the electronic intelligence systems. Most radar signals have been designed to have LPI properties; therefore, the LPI radar waveform recognition technique (LWRT) has recently gained increasing attention. In this paper, we propose a multiple feature images joint decision (MFIJD) model with two different feature extraction structures that fully extract the pixel feature to obtain the pre-classification results of each feature image for the non-stationary characteristics of most LPI radar signals. The core technology of this model is combining the short-time autocorrelation feature image, double short-time autocorrelation feature image and the original signal time-frequency image (TFI) simultaneously input into the hybrid model classifier, which is suitable for non-stationary signals, and it has higher universality. We demonstrate the performance of MFIJD by simulating 11 types of the signals defined in this paper and generating training sets and test sets. The comparison with the literature shows that the proposed methods not only has a high universality for LPI radar signals, but also better adapts to LPI radar waveform recognition at low SNR (signal to noise ratio) environment. The overall recognition rate of the method reaches 87.7% when the SNR is −6 dB.
Demotivating and Remotivating Factors among MA Students of TEFL: An Iranian Case

The present study sought to investigate demotivating and remotivating factors among Iranian MA students of TEFL. The participants included 170 male and female (Male= 97, Female= 73) Iranian MA students of TEFL randomly chosen among the students of 10 most well-known state universities of Iran. To collect the qualitative data, interviews were conducted on 20 students, two from each university. Subsequently, a 40-item demotivating questionnaire was constructed and administered to 150 students, 15 from each university. The findings indicated that ‘economic problems’wasthe most salient demotivating factor for the participants of this study. The second important demotivating factor was ‘future pessimism’. The third and the fourth demotivating factors were ‘professors’ characteristics’ and ‘syllabus design’, respectively. The order of importance of other demotivating factors was as the following: ‘curriculum decisions’, ‘scoring system’, ‘administrative decisions’, ‘facilities’ and ‘classroom environment’. Furthermore, remotivating strategies were investigated based on what students proposed as ways to get rid of the existing demotivating factors.
Bovine sperm samples induce different NET phenotypes in a NADPH oxidase-, PAD4-, and Ca ++-dependent process†

Abstract Deposition of sperm during artificial insemination in the bovine female reproductive tract results in early host innate immune reactions of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Furthermore, sperm-mediated neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation (NETosis) was recently reported to occur in different mammalian species, including humans. We, here, investigated the interactions of bovine PMN with different semen-derived samples and analyzed in more depth molecular aspects of this effector mechanism. Overall, confrontation of PMN with sperm/cell preparation (SCP) resulted in a rapid and dose-dependent NET formation leading to effective spermatozoa entrapment. Thereby, spermatozoa induced different phenotypes of NETs. Immunostaining analyses revealed the presence of histones (H3), neutrophil elastase (NE), and pentraxin (PTX) in sperm-triggered NET structures. Fresh SCP strongly induced NETosis than frozen-thawed ones. The level of NETosis was not related to spermatozoa viability. SCP as well as purified sperm cells (SCs) and supernatant (SN) induce NETosis, although the reaction in SC was lower. Enhanced levels of oxygen consumption and proton leak in PMN revealed sperm SNs but not purified SCs as PMN activators. Functional inhibition experiments revealed sperm-triggered NETosis as an NADPH oxidase- and peptidylarginine deiminase 4-dependent process and proved to be dependent on intra- and extracellular Ca++ influxes while myeloperoxidase activity and as ERK1/2- and PI3Krelated signaling pathways did not seem to play a pivotal role in this effector mechanism. From these findings, we speculate that sperm-derived NETosis might also occur in vivo during artificial insemination and might therefore play a role related to reduced fertility. Summary Sentence Confrontation of bovine PMN with sperm cell preparation results in NOX-, PAD4-, and Ca++dependent NET formation.
Disturbance of Oxidative Stress Parameters in Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Disorder and Their Association With Electroconvulsive Therapy Response

Abstract Objective Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective option for treatment-resistant bipolar disorder (trBD). However, the mechanisms of its effect are unknown. Oxidative stress is thought to be involved in the underpinnings of BD. Our study is the first, to our knowledge, to report the association between notable oxidative stress parameters (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px], catalase [CAT], and malondialdehyde [MDA]) levels and ECT response in trBD patients. Methods A total 28 trBD patients and 49 controls were recruited. Six-week ECT and naturalistic follow-up were conducted. SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, and MDA levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale were administered at baseline and the end of the 6th week. MANCOVA, ANCOVA, 2 × 2 ANCOVA, and a multiple regression model were conducted. Results SOD levels were lower in both trBD mania and depression (P = .001; P = .001), while GSH-Px (P = .01; P = .001) and MDA (P = .001; P = .001) were higher in both trBD mania and depression compared with controls. CAT levels were positively associated with 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores in trBD depression (radjusted = 0.83, P = .005). MDA levels in trBD decreased after 6 weeks of ECT (P = .001). Interestingly, MDA levels decreased in responders (P = .001) but not in nonresponders (P > .05). Conclusions Our study indicates that decreased SOD could be a trait rather than a state in trBD. Oxidative stress levels are associated with illness severity and ECT response. This suggests that the mechanism of oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of trBD.
Title Adding smartphone-based cognitive-behavior therapy to pharmacotherapy for major depression ( FLATT project ) : Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Major depression is one of the most debilitating diseases in terms of quality of life. Less than half of patients suffering from depression can achieve remission after adequate antidepressant treatment. Another promising treatment option is cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT). However, the need for experienced therapists and substantive dedicated time prevent CBT from being widely disseminated. In the present study, we aim to examine the effectiveness of switching antidepressants and starting a smartphone-based CBT program at the same time, in comparison to switching antidepressants only, among patients still suffering from depression after adequate antidepressant treatment. Methods/design: A multi-center randomized trial is currently being conducted since September 2014. The smartphone-based CBT program, named the “Kokoro-App,” for major depression has been developed and its feasibility has been confirmed in a previous open study. The program consists of an introduction, 6 sessions and an epilogue, and is expected to be completed within 9 weeks by patients. In the present trial, 164 patients with DSM-5 major depressive disorder and still suffering from depressive symptoms after adequate antidepressant treatment for more than 4 weeks will be allocated to the Kokoro-App plus switching antidepressant group or the switching antidepressant alone group. The participants allocated to the latter group will receive full components of the Kokoro-App after 9 weeks. The primary outcome is the change in the total score on the Patient Health Questionnaire through the 9 weeks of the program, as assessed at week 0, 1, 5 and 9 via telephone by blinded raters. The secondary outcomes include the change in the total score of the Beck Depression Inventory-II, change in side effects as assessed by the Frequency, Intensity and Burden of Side Effects Rating, and treatment satisfaction. (Continued on next page) * Correspondence: noriowncu@gmail.com; furukawa@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac. jp Equal contributors Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan Departments of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Full list of author information is available at the end of the article TRIALS © 2015 Watanabe et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Watanabe et al. Trials (2015) 16:293 DOI 10.1186/s13063-015-0805-z
Plasma MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TGF-β1 Responses to Exercise-Induced Muscle Injury

The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in response to strength recovery after eccentric exercise in humans. In this study, 16 healthy males participated and were divided into a faster recovery (FR) group (n = 8, >80% of baseline) and a slower recovery (SR) group (n = 8, <40% of baseline) on the basis of their recovery of maximal isometric strength (MIS) 96 h after eccentric exercise. For both groups, measurements were taken of muscle soreness, creatine kinase (CK) activity, and MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TGF-β1 levels during the 24- to 96-h period after eccentric muscle contraction of their non-dominant elbow flexor. Muscle soreness (p < 0.001), CK activity (p < 0.01), and TGF-β1 level (p < 0.01) were significantly lower in the FR group compared with SR group, whereas no significant differences in MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels were found between the two groups (p > 0.05). These results suggest that scar tissue formation caused by the pro-fibrotic activity of growth factors such as TGF-β1 is a potential cause of delay in strength recovery after exercise-induced muscle injury.
Development and Application of Novel Sodium Silicate Microcapsule-Based Self-Healing Oil Well Cement

A majority of well integrity problems originate from cracks of oil well cement. To address the crack issues, bespoke sodium silicate microcapsules were used in this study for introducing autonomous crack healing ability to oil well cement under high-temperature service conditions at 80 °C. Two types of sodium silicate microcapsule, which differed in their polyurea shell properties, were first evaluated on their suitability for use under the high temperature of 80 °C in the wellbore. Both types of microcapsules showed good thermal stability and survivability during mixing. The microcapsules with a more rigid shell were chosen over microcapsule with a more rubbery shell for further tests on the self-healing efficiency since the former had much less negative effect on the oil well cement strength. It was found that oil well cement itself showed very little healing capability when cured at 80 °C, but the addition of the microcapsules significantly promoted its self-healing performance. After healing for 7 days at 80 °C, the microcapsule-containing cement pastes achieved crack depth reduction up to ~58%, sorptivity coefficient reduction up to ~76%, and flexural strength regain up to ~27%. The microstructure analysis further confirmed the stability of microcapsules and their self-healing reactions upon cracking in the high temperature oil well cement system. These results provide a promising perspective for the development of self-healing microcapsule-based oil well cements.
Environmental Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

— The microbial way of life spans at least 3.8 billion years of evolution. Microbial organisms are pervasive, ubiquitous, and essential components of all ecosystems. The geochemical composition of Earth’s biosphere has been molded largely by microbial activities. Yet, despitethepredominance of microbes during the course of life’s history, general principles and theory of microbial evolution and ecology are not well developed. Until recently, investigators had no idea how accurately cultivated microorganismsrepresentedoverall microbial diversity.Thedevelopmentofmolecularphylogenetics has recently enabled characterization of naturally occurring microbial biota without cultivation. Free from the biases of culture-based studies, molecular phylogenetic surveys have revealed a vast array of new microbial groups. Many of these new microbes are widespread and abundant among contem- porary microbiota and fall within novel divisions that branch deep within the tree of life. The breadth and extent of extant microbial diversity has become much clearer. A remaining challenge for micro- bial biologists is to better characterize the biological properties of these newly described microbial taxa. This more comprehensive picture will provide much better perspective on the natural history, ecology, and evolution of extant microbial life. [Archaea; bacteria; biodiversity; evolution; microbial;
Modeling sediment transport patterns during an upwelling event

[1] Being one of the most outstanding hydrodynamic processes at ocean margins, upwelling is not only a key factor controlling bioproduction but also acts as a driving mechanism for sediment transport. In order to quantify its capability to erode and transport sedimentary particles without being masked by other oceanographic processes, we present a numerical model only forced by surface wind drag. Thereby, transport of particles is not only controlled by upwelling circulation, but also by their physical properties as well as time and location of release into the water column. The study combines a hydrodynamic finite difference model and Lagrangian particle tracing technique. Model geometry mimics a two-dimensional profile from the passive margin offshore Walvis Bay, Namibia. Model runs describe a 5-day wind-forcing event and a subsequent 20-day period of relaxation. As our work is also motivated by paleoceanographic questions, a lowered sea level geometry is used simulating Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) conditions. Results suggest the establishment of a long-lasting circulation comprising an offshore-directed surface layer and an onshore-directed bottom current. Shelf currents are vigorous but short-lasting, allowing transport of particles up to sand size. In contrast, transport at the upper slope is more persistent but restricted to smaller grain sizes. Sea level changes cause a shift of upwelling front in cross-shelf direction and of sedimentary deposition centers along the slope. Transport paths of surface source tracers show systematic variations, which can be evaluated in terms of grain-size fractionation as well as temporal and spatial clusters.
Total Parenteral Nutrition Induces Liver Steatosis and Apoptosis in Neonatal Piglets 1

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) induces a high rate of liver disease in infants, yet the pathogenesis remains elusive. We used neonatal piglets as an animal model to assess early events leading to TPN-mediated liver injury. Newborn piglets (n1⁄4 7) were nourished for 7 d on TPN or enteral nutrition (EN) and the liver tissue and isolated hepatocytes were subjected to morphologic and molecular analysis. Histological analysis revealed prominent steatosis (grade . 2) in 6 of 7 TPN pigs, whereas minimal steatosis (grade # 1) was observed in only 2 EN pigs. Abundant cytosolic cytochrome C and DNA fragmentation were observed in hepatocytes from TPN compared with EN piglets. Markers of mitochondrial and Fasmediated apoptosis were altered in TPN liver tissue, as indicated by a lower ATP concentration (P, 0.05), accumulation of ubiquitin, 9.9-fold activation of caspase-3 activity (P , 0.01), and increased cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase, caspase-8, -9, and -7 when compared with EN livers. Bcl-2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression was downregulated, whereas Fas and Bax were upregulated in TPN livers. However, levels of caspase-12 and Bip/GRP78, both markers of endoplasmic reticulum-mediated apoptosis, did not differ between the groups. Short-term TPN induces steatosis and oxidative stress, which results in apoptosis mediated by the mitochondrial and Fas pathways. Thus, TPNinduced steatosis in newborn piglets may serve as a novel animal model to assess the pathogenesis of fatty liver and apoptosis-mediated liver injury in infants. J. Nutr. 136: 2547–2552, 2006.
IL6 Induces an IL22+ CD8+ T-cell Subset with Potent Antitumor Function

Different subsets of T cells contribute to antitumor immunity. IL22-producing CD8+ T cells (Tc22) are polarized via IL6 and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, are antitumor, and comprise a large percentage of CD8+ T cells in human ovarian tumors. CD8+ T cells can be polarized into several different subsets as defined by the cytokines they produce and the transcription factors that govern their differentiation. Here, we identified the polarizing conditions to induce an IL22-producing CD8+ Tc22 subset, which is dependent on IL6 and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor transcription factor. Further characterization showed that this subset was highly cytolytic and expressed a distinct cytokine profile and transcriptome relative to other subsets. In addition, polarized Tc22 were able to control tumor growth as well as, if not better than, the traditional IFNγ-producing Tc1 subset. Tc22s were also found to infiltrate the tumors of human patients with ovarian cancer, comprising up to approximately 30% of expanded CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Importantly, IL22 production in these CD8+ TILs correlated with improved recurrence-free survival. Given the antitumor properties of Tc22 cells, it may be prudent to polarize T cells to the Tc22 lineage when using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T or T-cell receptor (TCR) transduction–based immunotherapies.
In Vitro Hardening of Red Raspberry by CO2 Enrichment and Reduced Medium Sucrose Concentration

Micropropagated 'Festival' red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) shoots were rooted in specially constructed plexiglass chambers in ambient (340 ± 20 ppm) or enriched (1500 ±50 ppm) CO2 conditions on a medium containing 0, 10, 20, or 30 g sucrose/liter. Plantlet 14 CO2 fixation rates were evaluated before and 4 weeks after ex vitro transplantation. In vitro CO2 enrichment promoted in vitro hardening; it increased root count and length, plantlet fresh weight, and photosynthetic capacity but did not affect other variables such as plantlet height, dry weight, or leaf count and area. No residual effects of in vitro CO2 enrichment were observed on 4-week-old transplants. Sucrose in the medium promoted plantlet growth but depressed photosynthesis and reduced in vitro hardening. Photoautotrophic plantlets were obtained on sucrose-free rooting medium under ambient and enriched CO2 conditions and they performed better ex vitro than mixotrophi plantlets grown with sucrose. Root hairs were more abundant and longer on root tips of photoautotrophic plantlets than on mixotrophic plantlets. The maximum CO 2 uptake rate of plantlet leaves was 52% that of greenhouse control plant leaves. This did not change in the persistent leaves up to 4 weeks after ex vitro transplantation. The photosyn- thetic ability of persistent and new leaves of 4-week-old ex vitro transplants related neither to in vitro CO2 nor medium sucrose concentration. Consecutive new leaves of transplants took up more CO2 than persistent leaves. The third new leaf of transplants had photosyn- thetic rates up to 90% that of greenhouse control plant leaves. These results indicate that in vitro CO2 enrichment was beneficial to in vitro hardening and that sucrose may be reduced substantially or eliminated from red raspberry rooting medium when CO 2 enrichment is used.
The Underpricing of Venture Capital Backed IPOs in China

This paper measures the influence of venture capital (VC) on IPO valuations in China. It is found that the authentication effect is dominated by the grandstanding effect, suggesting that VC firms in China greatly value their reputations. It is also shown that the market-specific characteristics of non-VC-backed firms are more closely related to their initial returns, compared to those of VC-backed firms. In addition, corporate fundamentals play a more important role in the valuation for VC-backed firms than for non-VC-backed firms.