Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Precision of age determination of northern offshore spotted dolphins

We investigated within- and between-reader precision in estimating age for northern offshore spotted dolphins and possible effects on precision from the sex and age-class of specimens. Age was estimated from patterns of growth layer groups i n the dentine and cementum of the dolphins' teeth. Each specimen was aged at least three times by each of two persons. Two data samples were studied. The first comprised 800 of each sex from animals collected during 1973-78. The second included 45 females collected during 1981. There were significant, generally downward trends through time in the estimates from multiple readings of the 1973-78 data. These trends were slight, and age distributions from last readings and mean estimates per specimen appeared to be homogeneous. The largest factor affecting precision in the 1973-78 data set was between-reader variation. In light of the relatively high within-reader precision (trends considered), the consistent between-reader differences suggest a problem of accuracy rather than precision for this series. Within-reader coefficients of variation averaged approximately 7% and 11%. Pooling the data resulted i n an average coefficient of variation near 16%. Within- and between-reader precision were higher for the 1981 sample, and the data homogeneous over both factors. CVs averaged near 5% and 6% for the two readers. These results point to further refinements in reading the 1981 series. Properties of the 1981 sample may be partly responsible for greater precision: by chance there were proportionately fewer older dolphins included, and preparation and selection criteria were probably more stringent. (PDF contains 35 pages.)
Estimation of Passive Earth Pressure against Rigid Retaining Wall Considering Arching Effect in Cohesive-Frictional Backfill under Translation Mode

AbstractIn this study, a novel analytical approach is proposed to calculate the passive earth pressure against a rigid retaining wall subjected to the translation mode. Effects of arching in cohesive backfill soils as well as friction mobilized along the wall–soil interface are considered. Analytical expressions of the earth pressure, passive resistance, and its height of application on the backface of the retaining wall were derived based on static equilibrium of forces under passive conditions acting on the failure wedge. A parametric study was undertaken to assess effects of internal friction angle of backfill, wall–soil interface friction angle, surcharge pressure, cohesion, unit weight, and inclination angle of the slip surface on the active earth pressure as well as on the slip-surface angle. The results of the proposed method were then verified against the existing test data as well as the predictions by Coulomb theory and Rankine theory. The results show that the proposed method yields satisfactor.
Auditory naming is impaired in posterior cortical atrophy and early-onset Alzheimer’s disease

Introduction Visual naming ability reflects semantic memory retrieval and is a hallmark deficit of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Naming impairment is most prominently observed in the late-onset amnestic and logopenic variant Primary Progressive Aphasia (lvPPA) syndromes. However, little is known about how other patients across the atypical AD syndromic spectrum perform on tests of auditory naming, particularly those with primary visuospatial deficits (Posterior Cortical Atrophy; PCA) and early onset (EOAD) syndromes. Auditory naming tests may be of particular relevance to more accurately measuring anomia in PCA syndrome and in others with visual perceptual deficits. Methods Forty-six patients with biomarker-confirmed AD (16 PCA, 12 lvPPA, 18 multi-domain EOAD), at the stage of mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia, were administered the Auditory Naming Test (ANT). Performance differences between groups were evaluated using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc t-tests. Correlation analyses were used to examine ANT performance in relation to measures of working memory and word retrieval to elucidate cognitive mechanisms underlying word retrieval deficits. Whole-cortex general linear models were generated to determine the relationship between ANT performance and cortical atrophy. Results Based on published cutoffs, out of a total possible score of 50 on the ANT, 56% of PCA patients (mean score = 45.3), 83% of EOAD patients (mean = 39.2), and 83% of lvPPA patients (mean = 29.8) were impaired. Total uncued ANT performance differed across groups, with lvPPA performing most poorly, followed by EOAD, and then PCA. ANT performance was still impaired in lvPPA and EOAD after cuing, while performance in PCA patients improved to the normal range with phonemic cues. ANT performance was also directly correlated with measures of verbal fluency and working memory, and was associated with cortical atrophy in a circumscribed semantic language network. Discussion Auditory confrontation naming is impaired across the syndromic spectrum of AD including in PCA and EOAD, and is likely related to auditory-verbal working memory and verbal fluency which represent the nexus of language and executive functions. The left-lateralized semantic language network was implicated in ANT performance. Auditory naming, in the absence of a visual perceptual demand, may be particularly sensitive to measuring naming deficits in PCA.
Erythroderma: A Retrospective Study of 212 Patients Hospitalized in a Tertiary Center in Lower Silesia, Poland

Erythroderma is a condition characterized by erythema affecting at least 90% of the skin surface area. It can be caused by various underlying conditions. Due to nonspecific clinical and laboratory findings, determining the cause may pose a challenge. In the retrospective study, we identified 212 patients hospitalized for erythroderma in the Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology at Wroclaw Medical University between January 2012 and March 2022. Clinical, laboratory, and histopathological features, as well as the management of patients, were studied. The median age of adults was 61 years (IQR = 47–68). The most common causes of erythroderma were psoriasis (n = 49, 24.01%), followed by atopic dermatitis (AD) (n = 27, 13.23%), and cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) (n = 27, 13.23%). Despite laboratory tests and histopathological examination, the etiology of erythroderma remained undetermined in 39 cases (19.12%). In 70.59% of patients, it was the first episode of erythroderma, while 29.41% experienced a recurrent episode. Regardless of the etiology of erythroderma, patients were most frequently treated with systemic antihistamines (146 cases, 71.57%) and systemic steroids (132 cases, 64.71%). Patients with idiopathic erythroderma constitute the greatest diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, requiring particularly thorough evaluation.
Assessing Climate Change Adaptation and Health in Coastal Cambodia: The Human-Environment Interaction

i The Co-Authorship Statement . iii Acknowledgments . iv Dedication . vii Table of Contents . viii List of Tables . xii List of Figures . xiii CHAPTER 1 . 1 1. INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Problem Statement . 5 1.2 Study Objectives . 6 1.3 Theoretical Framework . 6 1.4 Social Cognitive Theory . 8 1.5 Health Geography and Climate Change Research . 12 1.6 Study Design . 14 1.7 The Organization of the Thesis . 16 1.8 References . 18 CHAPTER 2 . 28 2. STUDY CONTEXT . 28 2.1 Introduction . 28 2.2 Political History of Cambodia in the Post-Colonial Era . 28 2.3 Geographic, Demographics and Climate Profiles of the Kingdom of Cambodia 30 2.3. 1 Geographic and Demographic Characteristics of Cambodia . 30 2.3. 1 Climate profile of Cambodia . 32 2.3. 2 Cambodia Climate Change Responses . 34
DeeplyTough: Learning Structural Comparison of Protein Binding Sites

Motivation Protein binding site comparison (pocket matching) is of importance in drug discovery. Identification of similar binding sites can help guide efforts for hit finding, understanding polypharmacology and characterization of protein function. The design of pocket matching methods has traditionally involved much intuition, and has employed a broad variety of algorithms and representations of the input protein structures. We regard the high heterogeneity of past work and the recent availability of large-scale benchmarks as an indicator that a data-driven approach may provide a new perspective. Results We propose DeeplyTough, a convolutional neural network that encodes a three-dimensional representation of protein binding sites into descriptor vectors that may be compared efficiently in an alignment-free manner by computing pairwise Euclidean distances. The network is trained with supervision: (i) to provide similar pockets with similar descriptors, (ii) to separate the descriptors of dissimilar pockets by a minimum margin, and (iii) to achieve robustness to nuisance variations. We evaluate our method using three large-scale benchmark datasets, on which it demonstrates excellent performance for held-out data coming from the training distribution and competitive performance when the trained network is required to generalize to datasets constructed independently. Availability https://github.com/BenevolentAI/DeeplyTough Contact martin.simonovsky@enpc.fr, joshua.meyers@benevolent.ai
Dramaturgy Study: The Story of “Si Pandir” on The Effectiveness of Village Fund Management

Purpose: The aim of this study was to uncover the intricacies of village fund budget management by offering a comprehensive portrayal of the behaviors exhibited by the key actors involved in village budget management, both in front and behind the scenes. The aim of this study focuses on the workings of the X village fund budget, highlighting the role of third parties in optimizing the utilization of the X village fund budget. Method: A qualitative method with a dramaturgical study approach is used in this study to answer the proposed study proposition Results: The findings indicate that the dynamics observed in the management of the X village fund budget can lead to optimal resource allocation aligned with the village's development objectives and the well-being of its community. This is because the village fund administrators engage in strategic budgetary maneuvers to achieve the utmost efficiency in budget management. The positive impact stemming from the proactive involvement of the village apparatus, colloquially referred to as "Si Pandir," is the promotion of equitable development and the enhancement of village welfare. Through collaboration with relevant government entities, the village apparatus can facilitate the provision of advanced and fair amenities for the village, fostering cooperation that benefits the entire community. Implications: The results of this study can be used for future research to develop an optimal village fund management concept, not only from the perspective of the related village apparatus but also involving the active participation of the local community. Novelty: This research elaborates on village fund management with the Pandir legend as the most popular folklore in Java.
Coalminers' mortality in relation to low-level exposure to radon and thoron daughters

Epidemiological studies of many groups of miners, of various ores, have shown that exposure to radon daughters is associated with increased lung cancer risk. These results, together with surveys of indoor radon levels, suggest that indoor exposure might present a hazard for the general population. However, the magnitude of risk at the comparatively low levels found indoors is uncertain, since the exposure of mining groups, on which risk estimates are based, is in general higher. Surveys of radon gas in British coalmines have shown levels of a similar order of magnitude to those indoors, and it therefore appeared that coalminers might be a suitable occupational group in which to study the effects of low-level exposure to radon daughters. The present study group consists of 19418 male industrial coalmine workers who attended either or both of two medical surveys carried out at 10 British collieries during the 1950s and early 1960s. Deaths in this group up to 31 December 1989 were notified by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. Cumulative exposures to radon and thoron daughters acquired during working time were calculated for a subgroup of 14956 men using data from two sources: a set of 146 measurements of daughter levels made at the 10 collieries during the 1970s, and extensive information on time worked underground and on the surface, gathered as part of the British National Coal Board's Pneumoconiosis Field Research. An overlapping subgroup of 14145 men were categorized by smoking habit. Death rates for two causes lung cancer and stomach cancer were tabulated by colliery, calendar time period, age, smoking category, and lagged cumulative exposure to radon or thoron daughters. Relationships between death rates and exposure were investigated by Poisson regression analysis. In a series of matched case-referent studies, relationships between exposure and mortality from these two causes of death, and eight others, were analysed by conditional logistic regression. External comparisons of mortality were made for lung cancer and all-causes only; exposure-response was not examined.
Suicide Attempt by Hanging - A Study on Patients Admitted in Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India

Background: Suicide is defined as a fatal self-injurious act with some evidence of intent to die. Despite the evolution of sophisticated methods to commit suicide, hanging remains one of the commonest methods to commit suicide across the world. To evaluate the individuals using hanging as a method of suicide and identify the contributing factors for this behaviour. Material and Methods: The study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital, over a period of 1 year on the suicide attempters using the method of hanging. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with all the 46 attempters. The questions focused on the precipitating events present before the attempt. After the in interview the risk factors of the conversations were identified, tabulated and categorized using descriptive analysis. Results: Findings from descriptive analysis reveals that significant age group using this method was below 19 years followed by 20-29 age group, female attempters were more compared to male. Psychiatric diagnosis was present in 8 attempters and 4 attempters had alcohol/substance dependence. The most common personality component in attempters was impulsivity. The most common immediate stressor found were financial stress, conflict with family, spouse, humiliation, substance abuse, exam stress and domestic violence. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the reasons for suicide attempt by hanging is multifactorial. which includes, psychiatric diagnosis, personality factors, immediate stressors, ease of use, and accessibility, Overall, our study adds to understanding the intricates of this method and will help in developing effective suicide prevention strategies.
Link Between Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and ApoE Gene Polymorphisms

Objective Many researchers have considered obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) to be a neurodegenerative disease just like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The most studied gene in neurodegenerative diseases is apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene, and ApoE ɛ4 allele in particular. Although a small number of studies have explored the relationship between ApoE gene polymorphisms and OCD, the link between age at onset of OCD, its subtypes and ApoE gene polymorphisms has not been revealed so far. For this purpose, in our study, the relationship of ApoE gene polymorphisms with age at onset of OCD and its subtypes has been investigated to reveal their neurodegenerative connections. Patients and Methods ApoE gene polymorphisms of 64 OCD and 28 healthy cases were studied using a LightCycler480 real-time PCR platform. Results A statistically significant difference was found between groups of patients with early- and late-onset OCD in terms of age (p = 0.03), educational level (p = 0.00) and marital status (p = 0.002). ApoE ɛ4ɛ4 genotype, the prevalence of which is below 2% in healthy individuals, was not detected in our control groups; however, it was identified in 5.1% of our OCD cases. Correlation analysis revealed the presence of a potentially significant link between the hoarding obsession and presence of the ɛ4ɛ4 genotype. A significant correlation was detected between the presence of the ɛ3ɛ3 allele, the symmetry obsession and associated ordering compulsion in patients with OCD (p<0.005). Conclusion The ApoE gene polymorphism profile and age of onset in OCD patients may play critical roles in the development process of neurodegenerative characteristics of the disease. The small number of cases and the inability to perform brain imaging in patients to detect the neurodegenerative link in OCD are limitations of our study. In this respect, we suggest conduction of further studies with a greater number of patients who will also undergo brain imaging studies. In addition, OCD patients have other genes associated with neurodegenerative diseases that can be screened.
Variables Associated with Dating Violence Victimization in Colombian Adolescents

Objective. To examine the relation between a set of variables with dating violence victimization, among 811 adolescents from12 to 19 years old, attending various educational institutions from two intermediate Colombian cities. Method. e Spanishversions of the Conict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (CADRI), the self-report of the Behavior AssessmentSystem for Children and Adolescents (BASC-S3), the SCL-90-R Checklist of Symptoms, and a self-report questionnaire ofpsychological variables were used. Correlational analysis and a multiple linear regression were implemented. Results. e frequencyof abuse received correlated signicantly (p ≤ 0.05) with clinical variables including somatization, depression and anxiety,substance use, suicide attempts and general clinical maladjustment, personality traits such as sensation seeking and atypicalityand with contextual variables such as school maladjustment, negative attitude toward school, family physical abuse, paternal andmaternal neglect and bad relationships with parents. All these variables explained 18.1% of victimization variance. Marijuana use,some psychopathological symptoms, and poor maternal relationships signicantly predicted such victimization. Conclusion. evictimization could be related to severe physical and mental health difficulties, as well as intrapersonal and contextual variableswhich should be considered together for the successful intervention of the victims, including their families and the schoolenvironment.
A usability study of elliptic curves

In the recent years, the need of information security has rapidly increased due to an enormous growth of data transmission. In this thesis, we study the uses of elliptic curves in the cryptography. We discuss the elliptic curves over finite fields, attempts to attack; discrete logarithm, Pollard’s rho algorithm, baby-step giant-step algorithm, Pohlig-Hellman algorithm, function field sieve, and number field sieve. The main cryptographic reason to use elliptic curves over finite fields is to provide arbitrarily large finite cyclic groups having a computationally difficult discrete logarithm problem. Key-words: Elliptic Curve, Diffie-Hellman Protocols, Discrete Logarithm, Function Field Sieve, Number Field Sieve
Revamping Blood Vessel Edge-Buffer Labels: A Self-Correcting Region Supervision

Deep learning-based vessel segmentation tasks serve as important auxiliary tools for disease diagnosis. However, the region connecting the foreground and background, which is named the edge-buffer region in this letter, suffers from noisy labels and a lack of discriminative features due to low contrast and limitations of imaging devices. To address these limitations, we propose a self-correcting region supervision to revamp the noisy labels in the edge-buffer region. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of treating the edge-buffer region independently from the foreground and background, leveraging the designed contrastive learning method and edge-blur-guided module to enhance discriminative learning ability and collaborative learning ability across different regions, respectively. The experimental results comparison with other classical and state-of-the-art methods on DRIVE, CHASEDB1, and DCA1 datasets has proven the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Musculoskeletal Comorbidities among known Diabetes Patients, their Quality of Life, and Healthcare Costs: A Comparative Study From a Tertiary Care Hospital in Uttarakhand

Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic disorder with long-term sequelae and multisystem manifestation. Burden of diabetes in on the rise. Presence of other morbidities can not only have a detrimental effect on the disease treatment and recovery course, but also on the financial burden and quality of life. Present study aims to investigate how musculoskeletal conditions affect individuals with diabetes compared to those without the condition. Material and Methods: A comparative study was conducted among patients attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in North India to assess the burden of musculoskeletal disorders in people with and without diabetes. A total of 195 diabetes patients and an equal number of individuals without diabetes were sequentially enrolled from the outpatient department (OPD). Results: Burden of musculoskeletal comorbidities was significantly higher (46.2%) among people with diabetes than the comparison group (25.1%). The overall odds ratio (OR) for comorbidities of musculoskeletal system was 2.5 times higher in diabetes cases as compared to individuals without diabetes. The OR for rheumatoid arthritis, chronic backache, and osteoarthritis was found to be 3.6, 2.9, and 1.7 respectively. Poor quality of life and higher direct cost of treatment were found among diabetes cases with musculoskeletal comorbidities as against those without these comorbidities. Conclusion: Presence of musculoskeletal comorbidity is high among diabetes patients, and it has an impact on the quality of life and treatment cost. Screening for musculoskeletal comorbidities should be included as part of the diabetes complication assessment to allow for early detection and treatment.
Pilot Study on the Biomechanical Quantification of Effective Offensive Range and Ball Speed Enhancement of the Diving Header in Soccer: Insights for Skill Advancement and Application Strategy

This pioneering study presents an in-depth biomechanical examinations of soccer’s diving header, aiming to quantify its impact on ball speed enhancement (BSE) and effective offensive range (EOR). Despite the diving header’s widespread acclaim and historical significance, there remains a dearth of scientific scrutiny into its biomechanical intricacies. Employing an innovative research design featuring a static hanging ball at varied offensive distances and heights, this study replicates diverse header scenarios. The results of 3D motion quantification have shown that a physically excellent player (identified through the maximal standing long jump test) could reach an EOR around 2.64 times his body height. Furthermore, this study unveils that proficient players could attain BSE surpassing 9 m/s, signifying the diving header’s heightened efficacy compared to traditional heading techniques, which could only result in 4.5 m/s. Correlation analyses unveil noteworthy relationships, highlighting the pivotal role of head speed at impact and the influence of minimizing speed drop and temporal disparities for amplified effectiveness. Considerations for optimizing diving header execution are introduced, emphasizing the necessity for targeted training programs. Despite acknowledged limitations inherent to its pilot nature, this exploration furnishes foundational knowledge to guide subsequent research and practical applications, providing valuable insights into soccer training and skill development through a biomechanical lens.