Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of PfHRP2 and PfPLDH Rapid Diagnostics Test for Diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum in Assosa Zone, Northwest Ethiopia

Background Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease particularly due to Plasmodium falciparum (P.falciparum ). Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Protein 2 (PfHRP-2) and Plasmodium falciparum specific Lactate Dehydrogenase (PfPLDH) based rapid diagnostic test are commonly used for malaria diagnosis in malaria endemic countries where microscopic examination is scarce. However, there is limited information on the performance of malaria RDT in rural and semi urban area of Assosa zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the performance of PfHRP2 and PfPLDH RDT for diagnosis of falciparum malaria against microscopy as reference method. Methods Health-facility based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Assosa zone, Northwest Ethiopia from November to December 2018. A total of four hundred and six malaria-suspected participants attending Bambasi, Sherkole, Kurmuk and Assosa health-centers were tested. Finger-prick blood samples were collected for microscopy blood film preparation, RDTs and molecular diagnosis. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20. Results Of the total study participants, 26.4% (107/406) were microscope confirmed P. falciparum positive. Using PfHRP2 and PfPLDH RDT, 30.3% (123/406) and 24.1% (98/406) were positive for P. falciparum, respectively. The sensitivity of PfHRP2 and PfPLDH was 96% and 89%, respectively, against microscope. The corresponding specificity rates of PfHRP2 and PfPLDH were 93% and 99%, respectively. Similarly, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value of PfHRP2 and PfPLDH RDT were 84%, 97%, 99% and 96%, respectively. There was an agreement between RDTs (PfPLDH and PfHRP2) and reference microscopy method with a kappa value of 0.86 and 0.90, respectively. Compared to qPCR, the specificity of PfHRP2 (93%) and PfPLDH RDT (98%) were high, though the respective sensitivity of PfHRP2(77%) and PfPLDH RDT(70%) were low. Conclusion PfHRP2 and PfPLDH showed reasonable agreement in detecting P. falciparum infections. Hence, currently used national malaria RDT kit can be continue to be used in certain malaria endemic areas in Ethiopia. However, Continuous monitoring the performance of PfHRP-2 RDT associated with false negative results is important to consider an alternative malaria RDT like PfPLDH RDT to support control and elimination of malaria in Ethiopia
Comparison of the effects of empagliflozin and glimepiride on endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled study

Patients with type 2 diabetes who have cardiovascular disease and are receiving empagliflozin have a lower rate of primary composite cardiovascular outcomes. In contrast, glimepiride increases cardiovascular hospitalization when combined with metformin. Here, we assessed the effects of empagliflozin and glimepiride on endothelial function using flow-mediated dilation (FMD). In this prospective, open-label, randomized, parallel-group study, 63 patients with type 2 diabetes received metformin and insulin glargine U100 for 12 weeks. This was followed by additional treatment with empagliflozin or glimepiride for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in the FMD measurement (ΔFMDs) at 24 weeks of additional treatment. Secondary outcomes comprised changes in metabolic markers and body composition. The empagliflozin group (n = 33) and glimepiride group (n = 30) showed no significant differences in ΔFMDs (empagliflozin, −0.11 [95%CI: -1.02, 0.80]%; glimepiride, −0.34 [95%CI: -1.28, 0.60]%; P = 0.73). Additionally, changes in glycated hemoglobin were similar between the two groups. However, a significant difference in body weight change was observed (empagliflozin, −0.58 [95%CI: -1.60, 0.43] kg; glimepiride, 1.20 [95%CI: 0.15, 2.26] kg; P = 0.02). Moreover, a body composition analysis revealed that body fluid volume significantly decreased after empagliflozin treatment (baseline, 35.8 ± 6.8 L; after 12 weeks, −0.33 ± 0.72 L; P = 0.03). Hence, although empagliflozin did not improve endothelial function compared with glimepiride for patients with type 2 diabetes, it did decrease body fluid volumes. Thus, the coronary-protective effect of empagliflozin is not derived from endothelial function protection, but rather from heart failure risk reduction. Trial registration: This trial was registered on September 13, 2016; UMIN000024001.
Motivation and learning through peer group and collaborative games.

This research is based on the planning, development and analysis of specific activities within the context of a teaching unit in English as a Foreign Language. The commented teaching unit was planned following the task-based approach, a methodology that concludes every unit with a set of activities that reviews all the aspects that have been worked. The results of two specific and collaborative activities were analysed and studied in terms of students’ motivation towards the learning process together with the positive consequences in the acquisition of the language and the contents. Specifically, one of these activities was planned as a collaborative and semi-controlled game that led way to the study of the roles of competitiveness and peer group and their respective didactic potentialities. On the other hand, the second activity under consideration in this research was the set of final activities in the unit, known as the final task, and that contained a series of collaborative activities that have a big relevance in the present study.
Microscale Hierarchical Three-Dimensional Flowerlike TiO2/PANI Composite: Synthesis, Characterization, and Its Remarkable Photocatalytic Activity on Organic Dyes under UV-Light and Sunlight Irradiation

A microscale hierarchical 3D flowerlike TiO2/PANI composite with enhanced photocatalytic activity was synthesized via a sol–gel method, and the as-synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, UV–vis adsorption, BJH, and TGA/DSC. The outcome of the photocatalytic experimental demonstrating the TiO2/PANI hybrid with a Ti/ANI (aniline) molar ratio of 1:1 (denoted as T/P) showed high photocatalytic activity upon the degradation of Congo red (CR) and methyl orange (MO) under both UV-light and sunlight irradiation. The unique hierarchical 3D flowerlike structure endows the T/P hybrid with a large surface area of 38.81 m2/g. The intermeshed PANI nanoflakes could make full use of the light resource by multiple reflections between the nanoflakes. Moreover, the intrinsic cavity of the hollow TiO2 nanoparticles can also increase the light-capturing efficiency. The synergistic effect between PANI and TiO2 hollow nanoparticles results in a reduction of the photoinduced electron–hole recombination ra.
Study on Coupled Relationship between Urban Air Quality and Land Use in Lanzhou, China

The intensification of global urbanization has exacerbated the negative impact of atmospheric environmental factors in urban areas, thus threatening the sustainability of future urban development. In order to ensure the sustainability of urban atmospheric environments, exploring the changing laws of urban air quality, identifying highly polluted areas in cities, and studying the relationship between air quality and land use have become issues of great concern. Based on AQI data from 340 air quality monitoring stations and urban land use data, this paper uses inverse distance weight (IDW), Getis-Ord Gi*, and a negative binomial regression model to discuss the spatiotemporal variation of air quality in the main urban area of Lanzhou and its relationship with urban land use. The results show that urban air quality has characteristics of temporal and spatial differentiation and spatially has characteristics of agglomeration of cold and hot spots. There is a close relationship between urban land use and air quality. Industrial activities, traffic pollution, and urban construction activities are the most important factors affecting urban air quality. Green spaces can reduce urban pollution. The impact of land use on air quality has a seasonal effect.
Investigation of ammonium- and phosphonium-based deep eutectic solvents as electrolytes for a non-aqueous all-vanadium redox cell

The charge/discharge characteristics for vanadium acetylacetonate in deep eutectic solvents were evaluated using an H-cell with an anion-exchange membrane separator for the first time. Coulombic (CE) and energy efficiencies (EE) of the electrolyte containing V(acac)3/0.5 M TEABF4 in DES3 (a hydrogen bonded eutectic between choline chloride and ethylene glycol) were obtained as 49-52% and 25-31%, respectively, when charging from 0 to 50% of theoretical maximum state-of-charge for 12 cycles. The low CE may be due to the crossover of the active species through the separator, or to the loss of active vanadium due to a parasitic reaction. However, the CE was similar to that for acetonitrile (CH3CN) indicating the promise of DESs as suitable electrolytes for future evaluation. Charge and discharge voltages are respectively higher and lower than the formal cell potential obtained by voltammetry. Ohmic drop in the DES results from the low conductivity of the electrolyte and the relatively large distance between the two electrodes in the H-cell. Further studies require investigation in a flow cell with analyses of polarization curves and impedance to determine the loss mechanisms in sufficient detail.
Designing a Framework for Employment-Growth Targeting in Nigeria

Unemployment in Nigeria has assumed disturbing proportions despite fifteen years of sustained economic growth outcomes between 2000 and 2014. This needs very urgent attention from policy makers since the problem has further resulted in other social vices like: armed robbery, kidnapping, political thuggery, pipe-line vandalisation, and social unrest. Unfortunately, policy makers have approached the deep-rooted problems with only tactical and superficial methods. There has been no serious attempt to target employment based on the economic fundamentals; and, the interdependencies and the interconnectedness of the various sectors and the working of the economy. Using Johansen co-integration, and applying Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) regression to time series sectoral economic data of Gross Value Added (GVA), employment, interest rate, wage rate, and inflation rate, collected from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) this study constructed a framework that policy makers can use to target growth and employment simultaneously.
Evaluation of antiparasitic therapy directly administered for the control of canine echinococcosis in an endemic area of hydatidosis.

Background: Echinococcosis remains endemic despite attempts to reduce the prevalence of this disease. The objective of the study was to evaluate the results of an intervention program based on antiparasitic therapy directly administered to the dogs for the control of Echinococcus in an endemic area of ​​ cystic echinococcosis (CE). Methods: The dog faeces were analyzed by coproantigen using the immunoenzymatic technique for the diagnosis of echinococcosis before and after the direct and observed administration of praziquantel 5mg by kg orally in three doses every 30 days each cycle was 2 times at year for two consecutive years. Results: A total of 252 dogs entered the study, of them 119 (47%) dogs had positive results for Echinococcus at the beginning of the intervention. The adverse effects that occurred with the administration of prazicuantel were vomiting (13%), diarrhea (2.4%) and lethargy (2%); 229 dogs completed the 4 cycles of praziquantel treatment. The presence of a positive coproantigen was evident in 03 (1.3%) dogs at the end of the study. Conclusions: Antiparasitic chemotherapy administered directly to the dogs periodically managed to reduce the prevalence of canine echinococcosis.
An inverse association of weight and the occurrence of asymptomatic gallbladder stone disease in Hypercholesterolemia patients in northwest China: a case-control study.

Background: Despite the fact that the majority of gallstones formed in the gallbladder are mainly composed of cholesterol, as they are formed from cholesterol-supersaturated bile, and hypercholesterolemia is a common metabolic disorder, which is closely related to cardiac, hepatic, renal and other oxidative damage inflammation and necrosis , there is still no consensus regarding the contribution of blood serum lipids in the pathogenesis of gallbladder stone disease (GSD). Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between hypercholesterolemia and the risk of new-onset asymptomatic GSD, and to determine the prevalence of factors associated with new-onset asymptomatic GSD in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Methods: In this case-control study, we enrolled 927 Chinese patients with new-onset asymptomatic gallstone disease and 845 healthy controls starting in August 2012. Patients were matched for age, gender, race, occupation, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose levels (FBG). Body mass index (BMI), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and serum lipids indexes were compared and the relationships between BMI, blood lipid and gallbladder stone hazards were examined by using logistic multivariate regression models. Results: The result showed a significant higher morbidity with GSD in hypercholesterolemia than non-hypercholesterolemia patients (Χ 2 =17.211, P <0.001). Of hypercholesterolemia patients, low density lipoprotein (OR=1.493, P=0.029) and NAFLD (OR=2.723, P =0.022) were significant risk factors for GSD, while male sex (OR=0.244, P=0.033), weight (OR=0.961, P =0.022), high density lipoprotein (OR=0.305, P<0.001), and FBG (OR=0.687, P =0.034) significantly negatively correlated with GSD in univariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression indicated weakly positive correlations with NAFLD (OR=3.284, P =0.054), and significant negative correlations with weight (OR=0.930, P =0.018), HDL-c (OR=0.144, P <0.001), and GSD. Conclusion: Hypercholesterolemia acts as an independent risk factor for new-onset asymptomatic GSD, while obesity and NAFLD are synergistic factors. Interestingly, we are the first to report that elevated weight was inversely associated with GSD in patients with hypercholesterolemia. The results of this study suggest that it is crucial to control hyperlipidemia effectively first instead of weight loss which might make the situation worse，and this might be of great significance for prevention of GSD in obese patients with hyperlipidemia.
Experimental CO2 Solubility in Nacl-Cacl2 Brines At 333.15 and 453.15 K Up to 40 Mpa

Summary As part of the global efforts for renewable energies development, CO₂ solubility measurements were provided for the geothermal industry. Solubility is obtained at high pressures (6–40 MPa), in aqueous phases reproducing the exploited geothermal resources, through NaCl and CaCl₂ synthetic brines (1.2 mol NaCl/kg H₂O and 0.2 mol CaCl₂/kg H₂O), at 333.15 and 453.15 K. This work is encouraged by the lack of literature measurements on CO₂ solubility at these experimental conditions. Both mixed-salts and single-salt brines are analysed for the production of original results. A new stirred reactor, with variable volume, was conceived to maintain gas-liquid equilibria, while solubility measurements were performed by titration. The experimental methods were validated with measures in pure water, at 333.15 K, as well as in NaCl and CaCl₂ single-salt brines (1 mol.kg H₂O), at 323.15 K. Then, twenty original measures were produced with their uncertainty, and compared to Phreeqc (Pitzer.dat) calculation results. The measurements highlight that CO₂ solubility decreases when the aqueous phase salinity increases. Finally, a discussion is proposed to determine if this salting-out effect is influenced mostly by the NaCl or the CaCl₂, when observed in the mixed-salts brines at 333.15 K.
Pollen number and vigor contribute to effective ovule numbers among contrasting nitrogen utilization efficiency oilseed rapes genotypes before heart stage

Background: While no significant differences in initial ovule number were found among oilseed rape genotypes, there was a large variation in effective ovule number (EON), which determines the final seeds per silique (SPS), a critical component of yield. Up to date, on study has been focused on unraveling the pre-flowering main factors to restrict EON and identifying the critical period of EON formation among contrasting nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE) oilseed rape genotypes.Results: In this study, we selected 18 oilseed rape genotypes with different NUtE to identify the main factors that contribute to EON, and determine if genotypes differed in the critical period of EON formation under both field and pot experiments from 2016-2018. Our results showed the high NUtE genotypes also showed 14.3% higher NUtE, accompanied with 29.4% higher yield per plant and 21.1% higher SPS. The greater productivity of the high NUtE oilseed rape genotypes was associated with 44.1% greater pollen number, 23.5% higher pollen vigor, and 39.3% lower ovule abortion rate, compared to the low NUtE genotypes. In addition, at the heart stage, the high NUtE genotypes displayed higher silique net photosynthetic rate, surface area, biomass, and RNA expression levels, compared to the low NUtE ones. Taken together, this study indicated the pollen number, pollen vigor and ovule abortion rate contributed to the final EON of diverse oilseed rape genotypes; the critical period of determining EON among contrasting NUtE genotypes was at the heart stage.Conclusion: Increasing pollen number and vigor, and decreasing ovule abortion rate before the heart stage should be the prerequisite for breeders to improve yield and NUtE of oilseed rape genotypes.
Neuropsychological Education in Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorders (CDs) is a prevalent condition (between 5% and 10%). It is common for symptoms to manifest for many years, sometimes continuing into adulthood, such as severe personality disorders, including alcohol and drug abuse and criminal behavior. Prevalence has shown to have increased considerably over the second half of the twentieth century (Harrison, Cowen, Burns, & Fazel, 2018). The historical cultural neuropsychology allows us to think and work in a new, different way, which has shown itself to be very promising, with good results (Quintino-Aires, 2012, 2016a, 2020a). This article presents the work of our team in neuropsychological education, guided by neuropsychological rehabilitation proposed by Luria (1963, 1966b, 1970) with these children and young people. It also refers the way we use the theory of the formation of mental actions step-by-step by P. Gal’perin, both in structuring the therapeutic session with the child or adolescent ODD and CD, as well as in the pedagogical work with the parents. The case A.B. , 10-year-old boy, adopted at the age of five, helps to illustrate the way these cases are usually followed in child psychiatry and clinical psychology, and what may be different within the approach of historical cultural neuropsychology. A brief review of neuroscience research is presented, particularly in neuroimaging studies, so that we can better integrate the clinical work with the boy A.B. The results of our clinical practice suggest that this may be a good working approach for the treatment of ODD and CD. More systematized and extended studies are needed with a greater number of clients.
Moderating Impact of Sustainable Building Awareness on the Relationship between Sustainability Concepts Application, Sustainability Constraints, and Knowledge Level

Stakeholders do not adopt the concept of sustainable building in the building industry. Therefore, this research aimed at study the stakeholders' level of knowledge, awareness, and constraints of building sustainability concepts and how they affect the adoption of building sustainability concepts. A quantitative research design was employed using a questionnaire. A research sample of 201 was collected via a structured questionnaire survey that was randomly selected from 420 registered professionals in northwest Nigerian. Data collected were analysed using the SPSS and WarpPLS packages. The findings show that the level of knowledge and awareness was moderate among the stakeholders. Likewise, sustainability constraints have a negative effect on the adoption of building sustainability concepts, level of knowledge has a positive effect on the adoption of building sustainability concepts; awareness of sustainability concepts has improved the effectiveness of the relationship between sustainability constraints and adoption of building sustainability concepts, and awareness of sustainability concepts improves the effectiveness of the relationship between the level of knowledge and adoption of building sustainability concepts. Therefore, there is a need for the developing nations to emphasized regular sensitization of sustainability concepts and principles so that the menace of lack of its adoption can be curtailed.
MAIZE PRODUCTIVITY AS A RESULT OF APPLICATION OF CONTROLLED AND SLOW RELEASE UREA

Nitrogen (N) is the main limiting nutrient for productivity and yield components of maize crop. Urea is the main nitrogen source used, which, despite the high N concentration (45%), presents many losses through leaching and volatilization. In view of that, the purpose of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of applying N doses with urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor and slow-release urea, in relation to the conventional urea, on productivity and yield components of maize crop. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Santa Rosa do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, in a 4x5 factorial scheme, where factor A corresponded to four nitrogen protection mechanisms (urea with urease inhibitor, urea with nitrification inhibitor, slow-release urea and conventional urea) and factor B corresponded to the surface-applied nitrogen percentage for the aforementioned protection mechanisms (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). Under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the present study, fertilizers with inhibitors (nitrification and urease) and with slow release do not significantly increase maize productivity in relation to the conventional urea and, regardless of the source used, it is possible to reduce the recommended dose by 25%, based on soil analysis, without significantly impacting maize productivity.
Über die Schlag- und Druckfiguren und über die mechanischen Quarzzwillinge

Inhalt. Einleitung . 243 Experimenteller Teil . 244 1. Schlagund Druckfiguren . 244 a) Herstellung der Schlagund Druckfiguren . 244 b) Form der Schlagund Druckfiguren . 245 c) Größe der Schlagund Druckfiguren . 252 2. Mechanische Zwillinge . 253 Theoretischer Teil 256 1. Erklärung der Form der Schlagund Druckfiguren 256 2. Erläuterung des Mechanismus der plastischen Deformationen des Quarzes 259 Resultate . 264