Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Influence of Biochar Particle Size and Depth of Placement on Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Emissions from Simulated Urine Patches

The use of biochar reduces nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soils under specific conditions yet the mechanisms through which interactions occur are not fully understood. The objectives of this glasshouse study were to investigate the effect of (i) biochar particle size, and (ii) the impact of soil inversion—through simulated mouldboard ploughing—on N2O emissions from soils to which cattle urine was applied. Pine biochar (550 °C) with two different particle sizes (<2 mm and >4 mm) was mixed either into the top soil layer at the original 0–10 cm depth in the soil column or at 10–20 cm depth by inverting the top soil to simulate ploughing. Nitrous oxide emissions were monitored for every two to three days, up to seven weeks during the summer trial and measurements were repeated during the autumn trial. We found that the use of large particle size biochar in the inverted soil had significant impact on increasing the cumulative N2O emissions in autumn trial, possibly through changes in the water hydraulic conductivity of the soil column and increased water retention at the boundary between soil layers. This study thus highlights the importance of the role of biochar particle size and the method of biochar placement on soil physical properties and the implications of these on N2O emissions.
Health risk assessment of residential exposure to cypermethrin among young children in agricultural communities in northeastern Thailand

Abstract This study aimed to identify factors associated with dermal exposure to cypermethrin and assess the health risks among young children in an agricultural community in Thailand. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with the parents/caregivers of 58 children (aged 1–3 years). Wipe samples were analyzed for cypermethrin by gas chromatography-microelectron capture detection (GC-µECD). Health risk assessments were based on the cypermethrin concentration on the children’s hands and feet. Spearman’s correlation indicated significant associations among cypermethrin concentrations on the hands, feet, floors/wooden beds, and toys (rho = 0.438–0.613, p-value <0.001). Cypermethrin concentrations on the hands were significantly and inversely correlated with the child’s caregiver being the child’s mother and insecticide use (p < 0.01). Concentrations on the feet were significantly correlated with insecticide use (p < 0.05) and showering (p < 0.01). The hazard quotient calculated from dermal exposure via the hands and feet showed no risk for potential noncarcinogenic effects (5.586 × 10−5 in the dry season and 4.301 × 10−4 in the wet season). These findings suggest that young children might not be at risk for cypermethrin exposure through the dermal route. Residential exposure among young children may be reduced by improved hygiene. Health risk assessments of environmental insecticide exposure via the oral and inhalation routes require further investigation.
Genetic Variability Study in Segregating Generations of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is an annual herbaceous important vegetable crop that is grown for its young immature green fruit and fresh leaves in the tropical and subtropical parts of the world. Okra is generally self pollinated and belongs to family Malvaceae with 2n=130 chromosomes and amphidiploids in nature. Out of 34 species of Abelmoschus International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 09 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Scalable and Physical Radar Sensor Simulation for Interacting Digital Twins

Automation, artificial intelligence and sensor-enabled applications are part of everyday life comprising technical systems that utilize environment-perceiving sensors. Here, rough environments often require robust sensor technologies such as radar, coupled with application-specific software evaluating the measured data. The rising complexity of underlying sensor systems (hard- and software) and complex physical interactions with dynamic environments require development-related validations that use virtual methods primarily focusing on close-to-reality sensor simulation. To allow for a wide range of applications, we propose the use of reusable building blocks that generically model and mimic the physical structure from the real world. This includes the whole path between sensor and 3D environment with respect to sensor-intrinsic characteristics as well as environmental influences such as rain. At the same time, computational scalability of each building block allows physical simulations generating reliable sensor data even in real-time applications. As a result, Digital Twins of relevant components, systems and environments are no longer acting on their own but interacting within Virtual Testbeds allowing for virtual validation of radar-based applications with respect to the operational environment.
Nutrition marketing of honey: chemical, microbiological, antioxidant and antimicrobial profile

Honey and all bee products have very good biological and chemical properties. They have been used in medicine for a long time. In our study we evaluated twenty polyfloral honey samples, the first ten were commercial honeys from a selected supermarkets with country of origin indicated "blend of EU and non-EU honeys" and represented imported honey. The second ten honeys were from a local beekeepers (Nitra region) and represented the Slovak origin. The aim of the study were to analyze chemical, microbiological, antioxidant, antimicrobial profile of honey and recommend marketing strategies for honey producers by applying nutrition marketing. From chemical point of view, the study examined mineral profile of honeys, antioxidant properties as antioxidant activity, total polyphenols, flavonoid and phenolic acid content and from microbiological view the study evaluated a total count bacteria, coliform bacteria and microscopic filamentous fungi. Results of minerals showed that the most dominant element in commercial honeys is sodium (30 mg.100g-1) followed by calcium, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus. Iron, arsenic and selenium are present only in trace amounts. In local honeys the most dominant element is potassium (84.181 mg.100g-1) followed by calcium, phosphorus, sulfur and magnesium. The presence of hazardous heavy metals (cadmium, lead and chrome) was not detected in either of the samples. Moreover, antioxidant activity determined by the DPPH method was slightly higher in local polyfloral honeys and vice versa the content of total polyphenol, flavonoid and the phenolic acid content was slightly higher in commercial polyfloral honeys. From the microbiological point of view, the total count of bacteria was found only in commercial polyfloral honeys while local honeys were without detectable microorganisms. The best antimicrobial activity was found against gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli in both concentrations of honeys, and the local honeys reached better antimicrobial activity. All in all, honey has very good biological properties and mineral composition which opens opportunities for beekeepers to apply nutrition marketing and target new segments of consumers, e.g. sportsmen, people in convalescence, consumers following healthier lifestyle or seeking functional food. Moreover, educating consumers from a nutritional point of view will foster daily intake of honey and will increase annual consumption of honey in the future.
A 10 fJ·K2 Wheatstone Bridge Temperature Sensor With a Tail-Resistor-Linearized OTA

This article describes a highly energy-efficient Wheatstone bridge temperature sensor. To maximize sensitivity, the bridge is made from resistors with positive (silicided diffusion) and negative (poly) temperature coefficients. The bridge is balanced by a resistive (poly) FIR-DAC, which is part of a 2nd-order continuous-time delta-sigma modulator (CT<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta \Sigma \text{M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). Each stage of the modulator is based on an energy-efficient current-reuse OTA. To efficiently suppress quantization noise foldback, the 1st stage OTA employs a tail-resistor linearization scheme. Sensor accuracy is enhanced by realizing the poly arms of the bridge and the DAC from identical unit elements. Fabricated in a 180-nm CMOS technology, the sensor draws 55 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from a 1.8-V supply and achieves a resolution of 150 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{K}_{\mathrm {rms}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in an 8-ms conversion time. This translates into a state-of-the-art resolution figure-of-merit (FoM) of 10 fJ<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\cdot \text{K}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Furthermore, the sensor achieves an inaccuracy of ±0.4 °C (3<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) from −55 °C to 125 °C after a ratio-based one-point trim and systematic non-linearity removal, which improves to ±0.1 °C (3<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) after a 1st-order fit.
Convergent Temperature Representations in Artificial and Biological Neural Networks

While discoveries in biological neural networks (BNN) shaped artificial neural networks (ANN) it is unclear if representations and algorithms are shared between ANNs and BNNs performing similar tasks. Here, we designed and trained an ANN to perform heat gradient navigation and found striking similarities in computation and heat representation to a known zebrafish BNN. This included shared ON and OFF type representations of absolute temperature and rates of change. Importantly, ANN function critically relied on zebrafish like units. We could furthermore use the accessibility of the ANN to discover a new temperature responsive cell type in the zebrafish cerebellum. Finally, our approach generalized since training the same ANN constrained by the C. elegans motor repertoire resulted in distinct neural representations matching features observed in the worm. Together, these results emphasize convergence of ANNs and BNNs on canonical representations and that ANNs form a powerful tool to understand their biological counterparts.
Water Absorption and the Genetic Relationship of Four Different Types of Acha (Digitaria exilis) Grains Using PCR

Cereal grain which could be used to produce variety of dishes requires preliminary preparation, such as soaking and washing in water, fermentation and milling to produce fine flour and grits. The treatment used depends on the product to be produced, (Addo et al., 2006). During the soaking of food materials water is progressively being absorbed the extent of absorption depends primarily on the soaking water temperature, time and physio chemical properties of the food material. Soaking is the most common preliminary process applied to Acha grain during the production of various Acha based food product like masa, kunun-zaki, pap etc. (Shittu et al., 2004). Acha is of different varieties, the report of CIRAD, (2004) says there are over 300 digitaria species which are sometimes grown as fodder, only three or four are sometimes grown as cereals.
Dragonflies and damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) from a Cerrado area at Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Abstract: Odonata is considered, among the aquatic insect orders, the second largest group in number of species. Its global richness is estimated in about 6,000 described species. The Brazilian richness represents around 14% of the world's odonatofauna, however, the knowledge on Brazilian dragonflies distribution is still poor. This study purpose an inventory of the dragonflies species present in aquatic habitats from a Preserved Area according to the Brazilian Forest Code, located in the Cerrado biome at Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais. In the dry season, from April to June of 2017, we collected 680 specimens belonging to 36 species and six families. Among the collected species, Elasmothemis williamsoni was observed by the first time in Minas Gerais State, and we also found a new species of Tigriagrion (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae) which is being described by taxonomists. Considering the fast agricultural advance over natural Cerrado systems, species lists can be important to define priority conservation areas for odonate species.
Methanogenic potential of commonly utilised South African subtropical and temperate grass species as influenced by nitrogen fertilisation

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilisation on certain quality parameters and in vitro total gas and methane production of improved grass species commonly used as fodder species in South Africa. Treatments included seven grass species representing two photosynthetic pathways (C3 and C4) with three levels of N fertilisation (0, 50 and 100kg N ha–1). Plants were grown in a greenhouse and N was applied in a single application after a simulated defoliation. Sample material was harvested by hand after an 8-week regrowth period. Grass species and rate of N fertiliser both had effects (P<0.05) on the nutritive value and in vitro organic matter digestibility of the selected species. Crude protein concentration increased (P<0.05) and neutral detergent fibre concentration tended to decrease as the level of N fertilisation increased for both C3 and C4 species. Generally, no effect was found of N fertilisation on in vitro total gas or methane production; however, increasing the level of N fertiliser increased (P<0.05) the methanogenic potential (in vitro methane/in vitro total gas production) of D. glomerata, F. arundinacea and C. ciliaris after a 24-h incubation period but no significant effects were reported after a 48-h incubation period.
Triangle singularity appearing as $X(3872)$ in $B\to (J/\psi\pi^+\pi^-) K\pi$

$X(3872)$ has been an outstanding candidate of exotic hadrons beyond the conventional quark-antiquark picture, and invited extensive studies. Yet, we still have not seen a clearcut explanation, which does not resort to fine-tuning uncertain hadron dynamics, of the well-established properties of $X(3872)$ such as its mass and width. In this work, we consider a triangle diagram for $B\to (J/\psi\pi^+\pi^-) K\pi$ where a $X(3872)$ peak has been observed experimentally. We demonstrate that a triangle singularity inherent in the triangle diagram creates a sharp peak in the $J/\psi\pi^+\pi^-$ invariant mass distribution. The position and width of the peak is 3871.71 MeV ($\sim$30 keV above the $D^{*0}\bar{D}^0$ threshold) and $\sim$0.5 MeV, respectively, in perfect agreement with the precisely measured $X(3872)$ mass and width: $3871.69\pm 0.17$ MeV and $< 1.2$ MeV. This result is virtually parameter-free because the triangle singularity is a kinematical effect and does not depend on details of hadron dynamics. Although this work is limited to one of several processes where $X(3872)$ has been observed, $X(3872)$ as manifestations of triangle singularities is now a promising option.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Schisandra sphenanthera (Schisandraceae)

Abstract Schisandra sphenanthera (Austrobaileyales) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine being long-history used, is also one of early-diverging angiosperms and important links to uncover the early evolution of angiosperms. Here the complete mitochondrial genome of S. sphenanthera was obtained for the first time. It is 1,106,521 bp in length with 46.4% GC content. It contains 58 genes, including 41 protein coding genes, three ribosomal RNA genes and 14 transfer RNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that S. sphenanthera was placed in the basal angiosperm just after Amborella and Nuphar. The mitogenome of S. sphenanthera would provide a reliable genetic and evolutionary resource.
A PARTIAL LEAST SQUARES STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING (PLS-SEM) OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS TO SUSTAINABLE UNIVERSITY IN MALAYSIA

This paper analyzes the critical success factors (CSFs) in energy management (EM) for the implementation of Sustainable University (SU) Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) at Malaysian research universities. Through a thorough review of the literature, CSFs related to EM were established, which were then contextually tailored through a pilot study and presented as a hypothesized template. Primary data was collected to 300 academic and non-academic staff of five research universities in Malaysia through questionnaire surveys. Modeling of the structural formula of partial least squares (PLS-SEM) was used to statistically verify the final version of the EM CSFs to achieve SU. This paper fills the knowledge gap by concentrating on the quantified contribution to the adoption of SU in Malaysia by the most significant EM CSFs. Findings from this paper have confirmed the hypotheses that four EM CSFs have a significant relationship to KPIs namely, top management support, understanding, strong stakeholder relationships, and risk management which ultimately lead to successful adoption of EM in achieving SU. It is hoped that the findings will provide guidelines for the Malaysian Higher Education Ministry to be more effective in achieving sustainability for all universities.
The interactions of bacillithiol with carbonyl containing metabolites

Bacillithiol (BSH) is a recently discovered low molecular weight (LMW) thiol found amongst several Gram-positive bacteria including Bacillus anthracis, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. It plays a fundamental role in the redox processes within the cell, in addition to many other functions including the detoxification of electrophiles such as methylglyoxal (MG). MG is a reactive dicarbonyl produced as a by-product of glycolysis. It is found to be toxic to the cell as it is capable of modifying macromolecules such as proteins and DNA causing loss of biological activity. The previously established glutathione-dependent glyoxalase pathway comprises of the glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II enzyme, which are found to serve as a major mechanism for the detoxification of MG amongst eukaryotes. There is speculation that BSH follows through this same pathway. Herein, the BSH-dependent glyoxalase pathway in B. subtilis is fully explored. The studies have shown a reaction between BSH and MG to occur spontaneously both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, these observations, have lead onto the discovery that, for the first time, BSH has shown to react with other metabolites in glycolysis. These include dihydroxyacetone phosphate, D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate. In each case they form a hemithioacetal (HTA). As a result, potentially significant concentrations of BSH may be sequestered in these ‘unknown thiol reservoirs’ which were not previously known to exist in the cell. Essentially, this raises questions regarding the true overall concentration of intracellular BSH.
KEAMANAN, KEPERCAYAAN, HARGA, KUALITAS PELAYANAN SEBAGAI PEMICU MINAT BELI CUSTOMER ONLINE SHOP ELEVENIA

The focus of this research is to analyze security, trust, price, service quality on customer's purchase intention on the online sales site at Elevenia.The samples in this study using purposive sampling method. Questionnaires 100 respondents who qualified as a sample. Data analysis tool used in the form of multiple linear regression with SPSS version 25. The results showed that: security (X1), Trust (X2), Price (X3), and service quality (X4) had a positive and significant effect on Purchase Intention. The study provides empirical evidence for marketplace to improve security, trust, price, service quality.
Expectation and attention increase the integration of top-down and bottom-up signals in perception through different pathways

Perception results from the integration of incoming sensory information with pre-existing information available in the brain. In this EEG (electroencephalography) study we utilised the Hierarchical Frequency Tagging method to examine how such integration is modulated by expectation and attention. Using intermodulation (IM) components as a measure of non-linear signal integration, we show in three different experiments that both expectation and attention enhance integration between top-down and bottom-up signals. Based on multispectral phase coherence, we present two direct physiological measures to demonstrate the distinct yet related mechanisms of expectation and attention. Specifically, our results link expectation to the modulation of prediction signals and the integration of top-down and bottom-up information at lower levels of the visual hierarchy. Meanwhile, they link attention to the propagation of ascending signals and the integration of information at higher levels of the visual hierarchy. These results are consistent with the predictive coding account of perception.
Diversidad y fluctuación de la comunidad de escarabajos descortezadores y barrenadores (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae, Curculionidae: Scolytinae, Platypodinae) asociados a una selva en Tabasco, México

El estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar la diversidad de descortezadores y barrenadores correspondientes a Scolytinae, Platypodinae y Bostrichidae en el borde e interior de la selva tropical de Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico. La captura de insectos se realizo con trampas de intercepcion cebadas con alcohol etilico y luz ultravioleta como atrayente. Se recolectaron 8.552 especimenes pertenecientes a 73 especies incluidas en 31 generos; 60 especies de 21 generos pertenecen a Scolytinae, ocho especies de cinco generos a Platypodinae y cinco especies de cinco generos a Bostrichidae. Los generos con mayor riqueza especifica fueron Xyleborus Eichhoff con diez especies, Hypothenemus Westwood con ocho especies. En el interior de la selva se presento la mayor riqueza con 64 especies y la menor abundancia con 3.194 especimenes y en el borde se registro una mayor abundancia de barrenadores con 5.358 especimenes y la menor riqueza con 60 especies. Los maximos valores de diversidad se obtuvieron dentro de la selva (1D= 25,35; 2D= 17,74) y los minimos en el borde (D=22,32; D= 14,49). Se determino un valor de similitud (Is) de 65,7% entre los sitios. En el interior del ecosistema, la abundancia de la comunidad fue mas estable a lo largo del tiempo, presentando los picos poblacionales mas altos en abril y noviembre. En el borde, la abundancia de la comunidad presento los maximos picos poblacionales en enero, mayo y noviembre, coincidiendo con los meses donde se presento una reduccion en la precipitacion. Los estimadores Chao 1 y Chao 2 muestran que se obtuvo una completitud del muestreo de 96% y 94,4% respectivamente en el borde, y 90,87% y 94,12% en el interior.