Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
School Belongingness in Academically At-Risk Adolescents: Addressing Psychosocial Functioning and Psychological Well-Being

The fundamental psychological need for belongingness in the school setting is a crucial determinant of students’ school-based and overall functioning in life. This study aims to examine the effects of school belongingness on resilience (academic resilience and buoyancy), social support, psychological well-being, and distress in academically at-risk adolescents. The study participants comprised 257 academically at-risk adolescents attending a public secondary and high school in a city in Turkey. Students were 42% (n = 109) female and 58% (n = 148), ranging in age between 11 and 18 years (M = 13.825, SD = 1.673). Results revealed that a school-based sense of inclusion was significantly and positively related to academic resilience, academic buoyancy, social functioning, and psychological well-being, but negatively to psychological and emotional distress. These findings highlighted the crucial role of school belonging for academically high-risk adolescent groups' mental health and wellbeing. All findings were discussed under the related literature and suggestions were made for future research and practices.
Magnetic Tile Surface Defect Detection Methodology Based on Self-Attention and Self-Supervised Learning

As the core component of permanent magnet motor, the magnetic tile defects seriously affect the quality of industrial motor. Automatic recognition of the surface defects of the magnetic tile is a difficult job since the patterns of the defects are complex and diverse. The existing defect recognition methods result in difficulty in practical application due to the complicated system structure and the low accuracy of the image segmentation and the target detection for the diversity of the defect patterns. A self-supervised learning (SSL) method, which benefits from its nonlinear feature extraction performance, is proposed in this study to improve the existing approaches. We proposed an efficient multihead self-attention method, which can automatically locate single or multiple defect areas of magnetic tile and extract features of the magnetic tile defects. We also designed an accurate full-connection classifier, which can accurately classify different defects of magnetic tile defects. A knowledge distillation process without labeling is proposed, which simplifies the self-supervised training process. The process of our method is as follows. A feature extraction model consists of standard vision transformer (ViT) backbone, which is trained by contrast learning without labeled dataset that is used to extract global and local features from the input magnetic tile images. Then, we use a full-connection neural network, which is trained by using labeled dataset to classify the known defect types. Finally, we combined the feature extraction model and defect classification model together to form a relatively simple integrated system. The public magnetic tile surface defect dataset, which holds 5 defect categories and 1 nondefect category, is used in the process of training, validating, and testing. We also use online data augmentation techs to increase training samples to make the model converge and achieve high classification accuracy. The experimental results show that the features extracted by the SSL method can get richer and more detailed features than the supervised learning model gets. The composite model reaches to a high testing accuracy of 98.3%, and gains relatively strong robustness and good generalization ability.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Major Arrhythmias and Conduction Abnormalities in Tanzanian Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Background: Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the second most important cause of heart failure in Tanzania, and is associated with high mortality. Arrhythmias and/or conduction abnormalities contribute to sudden cardiac death, which occurs in up to 50% of DCM patients. Data on the burden and associated factors of rhythm and conduction abnormalities in DCM patients may help to prepare local treatment protocols.
Aviary and Field Evaluations of Sweet Corn Resistance to Damage by Blackbirds

Each of 11 cultivars of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) was presented to red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus L.) in an aviary under no-choice conditions in 1985. This evaluation was repeated in 1986 with eight cultivars, five of which had been tested in 1985. In both years, there were significant differences in damage among cultivars; the damage rankings of the cultivars tested in both years were correlated. Total husk weight and husk weight beyond the cob tip individually explained 68% to 69% of the variation in damage among cultivars. Husk characteristics were more important than kernel characteristics in determining the amount of damage a cultivar received. Six of the cultivars evaluated in a field test near a blackbird roost showed differences in damage similar to that found in the aviary. In the field test, the most- and least-resistant cultivars had 16% and 76% of the ears damaged, respectively. Resistance is a viable approach to reduce damage in situations where sweet corn is grown near concentrations of blackbirds.
Hydathode Anatomy and Adaxial Water Loss in Micropropagated ‘Silvan’ Blackberry

Foliar anatomical comparisons were made between in vitro-grown plantlets and greenhouse-grown plants of ‘Silvan’ blackberry (Rubus sp.) using scanning and light microscopy. Each apex and marginal serration of in vitro- and greenhouse-grown leaves had a terminal hydathode region composed of a scattered, primarily adaxial, group of sunken water pores. Water pores and stomata of plantlet leaves were open, while greenhouse-grown plant leaves had closed water pores and stomata or comparatively small apertures. Internally, the hydathodes of both cultured plantlets and greenhouse-grown plants were delimited by a bundle sheath that flanked the vascular tissues and extended to the epidermis. Between the vascular tissues and the epidermis were loosely arranged epithem cells. The hydathodes of plantlet leaves were simpler than those of greenhouse-grown plants, with fewer water pores and reduced epithem. Water loss from detached leaves of plantlets occurred through both leaf surfaces, although more water was lost from the abaxial surface. In contrast, foliar water loss from severed leaf blades of greenhouse-grown plants was primarily abaxial.
Quantitative Comparison of Dosimetric Data Between the Indigenous Baseplate and Commercially Available Carbon Fiber Baseplate for 6 and 15 MV Photon Energy

Background: This study aims to design an indigenous baseplate (ID baseplate) that is economically viable and dosimetrically comparable for radiotherapy patient treatment. An ID baseplate was designed and manufactured using wood plastic composition materials that are readily available in the market and were compared dosimetrically with the commercially available carbon fiber baseplate (CF baseplate). Materials and Methods: Surface dose and beam attenuation properties of both the baseplates (ID and CF) were measured using a parallel plate chamber and compared with the dose calculated from the treatment planning system (TPS). Separate computer tomography images of both the baseplates were acquired by placing solid water phantoms. These images were used for surface dose calculation in the TPS and were validated with experimental measurements. Proper densities were assigned to the couch and baseplates to avoid uncertainties in dose calculations. All measurements were performed at field sizes 10 cm × 10 cm for 6 MV and 15 MV photon beams. Results: The percentage surface dose measured for the ID baseplate and CF baseplate was found to be matching for 6 MV beam (98.2% and 97%, respectively); however, for the 15 MV beam, the ID baseplate showed a higher surface dose of 98.6% compared to CF baseplate (87.4%). For the ID baseplate, the percentage difference in the surface dose between that TPS calculated value and the measured values were 1.6% and 1.4% for 6MV and 15MV, respectively. The ID baseplate showed higher beam attenuation than the CF baseplate by 2.2% for the 6MV beam and 3.4% for the 15MV beam when proper electron densities were not assigned. The difference between the TPS calculated dose and delivered dose was achieved within 3% after assigning proper electron density to the couch and baseplate. Conclusions: The ID baseplate has shown acceptable dosimetric results and can be an economically viable alternative to the commercially available CF baseplates. The manufacturing cost of the ID baseplate was ten times cheaper than the CF baseplate.
Contribution for a root pile installation control approach using a digital odometer

A root pile is a form of injection pile (cast-in-place with pressure, with very distinct construction aspects from the known micropile type). During the mortar shaft development, these piles are inserted using distinct injection pressures of up to 500 kPa. Static load tests are typically used to control root piles, which can be an expensive and time-consuming testing procedure. Static load tests were performed on eight monitored piles with diameters of 350 and 410 mm to investigate root pile performance control during pile installation. This research presents a refined and developed alternative methodology for confirming root pile performance using a digital odometer attached to the drill rig’s rotatory head. The methodology consists of monitoring variables obtained during pile installation related to pile bearing capacity. Moreover, empirical equations with simple and relevant applications to estimate root pile bearing capacity during installation are proposed. The developed equations produced results consistent with the values obtained from static load testing on the test piles. Therefore, the results suggest that the proposed methodology is a viable alternative for root pile performance control.
Net CO2 Assimilation Rate and Nitrogen Content of Grape Leaves Subsequent to Fruit Harvest

The relationship between net CO2 assimilation rate (A) and nitrogen (N) content during leaf senescence was determined on field grown Vitis vinifera L. ‘Thompson Seedless’ leaves. Measurements commenced subsequent to fruit harvest and were made at weekly intervals until leaf fall. Maximum A was greater than 2.0 nmoles CO2 cm-2s-1 when leaf N content was greater than 3.0%. There was a linear relationship between A and percent N content regardless of whether A was expressed on an area or dry weight basis. However, the correlation between A on a dry weight basis and percent leaf N was greater than that between A on an area basis and percent leaf N. The percent N content and net CO2 assimilation rate decreased as weight per unit leaf area (W) increased. There was no effect on leaf N content on stomatal conductance (gs) when N content was greater than 2%. The results suggest that leaf N content could be used an as indicator of a grapevine's leaf photosynthetic capacity subsequent to fruit harvest.
Signs of Anxiety and Salivary Copeptin Levels in Dogs Diagnosed with Separation-Related Problems in a Short Separation Test

Simple Summary Up to 56% of the general dog population show signs of separation-related problems, a group of problems characterized by highly variable phenotypes on which research, to date, has mostly provided contradictory findings. In the present study, we analyzed the behavior and salivary concentrations of copeptin, a biologically stable biomarker of stress, in dogs with separation distress and in dogs with no problems. The animals were tested before, during and after three-minute separation from the owner, in a new environment. Dogs in the two groups differed significantly in their activity levels and stress-relief activities during the three observation phases. In addition, a different tendency in the two groups was found in salivary copeptin concentration behavior. Abstract The need for faster diagnosis and more accurate treatment decisions in separation-related problems (SRPs) in dogs is urgent, and a more precise behavioral phenotyping and the development of biomarkers may be of great value. Vasopressin could be a potential non-invasive biomarker of anxiety in dogs with SRPs, but reliable measurement of its concentration is challenging. Here, we compared the behavior and salivary concentrations of copeptin, an arginine vasopressin surrogate, in dogs with SRPs (Case group, n = 13) and with no problems (Control group, n = 15) as they were introduced to a novel environment and subjected to a short episode of separation and reunion with the owner. Dogs in the Case group had greater odds of showing locomotory or oral behaviors during the pre- and post-separation than Controls, while the odds were significantly lower during separation. They also had greater odds of being persistent in seeking attention and proximity from the stranger during reunion. Overall, dogs with SRPs were more likely to express an anxiety-like state during the entire test than Controls, with separation from the owner, and even its anticipation, possibly accounting for this group difference. Although salivary copeptin concentrations did not differ between the two groups, a different trend was detected in Cases and Controls that is worth exploring in further validation studies involving a larger sample.
The asymmetric and non-linear relationship between capital flight and economic growth nexus

Abstract The paper sought to explore the effect of capital flight on the economic growth nexus in Ghana. The study used quarterly time series data from 1976 to 2020 to test three hypotheses. The paper used non-linear autoregressive distributive lagged employing unit root test, co-integration test, and Wald test to assess the asymmetrical relationship among the variables. The study posits that both the positive and negative changes in capital flight affect economic growth significantly. Again, the study revealed that capital flight and other macroeconomic variables explain about 75.28% of economic growth. Furthermore, the model can restore the short-run relationship to the dynamic long-long equilibrium at the speed of 35.6%. The study recommends that government economic policymakers build economic confidence by stabilizing economic conditions in the country to reduce the incentives for capital outflows. Further, as a priority, the government must formulate strategies to recover looted public funds by corrupt public officials stacked in foreign accounts and inject them into the economy to boost economic growth.
Dental Informatics: A Click to the Future

Biomedical informatics is one of the upgrading maturing disciplines. One of its subdisciplines, dental informatics, is beginning to emerge as its own entity. While there are numerous trained dental informaticians, dental faculty, and administrators, in general, they are not very familiar with dental informatics as an area of scientific inquiry. Scientific investigations in informatics center primarily around model formulation, system development, system implementation, and the study of effects. Informatics draws few of its scientific methods mainly from information science, computer science, cognitive science, and telecommunications. Dental informatics provides many types of research questions and methods from its parent discipline, biomedical informatics. However, there are indications that certain research questions in dental informatics require concrete solutions that have not yet been developed in other informatics fields. This article provides an overview of the unique features of biomedical and information sciences.
Microbiomic Analysis of Bacteria Associated with Rock Tripe Lichens in Continental and Maritime Antarctic Regions

Increased research attention is being given to bacterial diversity associated with lichens. Rock tripe lichens (Umbilicariaceae) were collected from two distinct Antarctic biological regions, the continental region near the Japanese Antarctic station (Syowa Station) and the maritime Antarctic South Orkney Islands (Signy Island), in order to compare their bacterial floras and potential metabolism. Bulk DNA extracted from the lichen samples was used to amplify the 18S rRNA gene and the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, whose amplicons were Sanger- and MiSeq-sequenced, respectively. The fungal and algal partners represented members of the ascomycete genus Umbilicaria and the green algal genus Trebouxia, based on 18S rRNA gene sequences. The V3-V4 sequences were grouped into operational taxonomic units (OTUs), which were assigned to eight bacterial phyla, Acidobacteriota, Actinomyceota, Armatimonadota, Bacteroidota, Cyanobacteria, Deinococcota, Pseudomonadota and the candidate phylum Saccharibacteria (also known as TM7), commonly present in all samples. The OTU floras of the two biological regions were clearly distinct, with regional biomarker genera, such as Mucilaginibacter and Gluconacetobacter, respectively. The OTU-based metabolism analysis predicted higher membrane transport activities in the maritime Antarctic OTUs, probably influenced by the sampling area’s warmer maritime climatic setting.
The Impact of β-Radiation Crosslinking on Flammability Properties of PA6 Modified by Commercially Available Flame-Retardant Additives

A comparative study was conducted investigating the influence of β-radiation crosslinking (β-RC) on the fire behavior of flame retardant-modified polyamide 6 (PA6). In order to provide a comprehensive overview, a variety of commercially available flame-retardant additives were investigated, exhibiting different flame retarding actions such as delusion, char formation, intumescence and flame poisoning. This study focused on the identification of differences in the influence of β-RC on fire behavior. Coupled thermal gravimetrical analysis (TGA) and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to conduct changes within the decomposition processes. Dynamic thermal analysis (DTA) was used to identify structural stability limits and fire testing was conducted using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical UL-94 and cone calorimeter testing. Crosslinking was found to substantially change the fire behavior observed, whereas the observed phenomena were exclusively physical for the given formulations studied: warpage, char residue destruction and anti-dripping. Despite these phenomena being observed for all β-RC formulations, the impact on fire resistivity properties were found to be very different. However, the overall fire protection properties measured in UL-94 fire tests were found to deteriorate for β-RC formulations. Only β-RC formulations based on PA6/EG were found to achieve a UL-94 V0 classification.
Alveolar Ridge Preservation after Tooth Extraction and Replacement with Fibre-reinforced Composite Bridge in a Young Patient: A Case Report

Alveolar ridge preservation is a surgical procedure aimed to preserve the alveolar bone after tooth extraction to eliminate or reduce the need for bone augmentation during implant placement. It includes the use of membrane that is either being used alone or in combination with a bone replacement graft. This case report describes the technique of alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction using a xenogenic bone graft combined with a resorbable collagen membrane, and the fabrication of an anterior fibre-reinforced composite (FRC) bridge in an 18-year-old male patient. This treatment allows him to have a good preservation of the volume and architecture of the alveolar ridge as well as soft tissues and temporarily replace a missing anterior tooth until a definitive restoration can be achieved.
Prevalent practice of swaddling and its association with developmental dysplasia of hip

Background: Traditional swaddling is widely used in neonates which imply restrictive mobilization of the lower limbs by extending and addicting the hip forcefully. It has been proven the association between incorrect methods of swaddling with an increased risk of Developmental Dysplasia of Hip (DDH). This study aims to determine the prevalent practice of swaddling among mothers in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Methods : This was an observation cross-sectional conducted among 3166 Saudi mothers in the eastern province, Saudi Arabia during the period of 1/10/2021 to 26/2/2022. A mother who is 18 years and above and has a child was included in the stud. A self-structures validated questionnaire was used. Results: This study involved 3166 mothers with a mean age of 36.9 ± 11.7 years old and more than half of the 61% had a high level of education. Seven percentage of participant had a child with DDH that was diagnosed during the first 6 months of age. Only 37% showed good knowledge about DDH level its complications. An exact 64.7% acknowledged that Swaddling is a predisposing factor for DDH but only 27.1% had fair knowledge regarding swaddling. Most of the participants 86% learned how to swaddle from their families. Mothers with a high level of education, having a child with DDH, and being health care providers had proper prevalent of practicing swaddling (P <0.05). Conclusion : Hip-safe techniques of swaddling are considered as a modifiable risk factor, being familiar with this association is essential to eliminate the risk of it.
Nationwide Seroprevalence Survey of Angiostrongylus vasorum-Derived Antigens and Specific Antibodies in Dogs from Colombia

Angiostrongylus vasorum is a cardiopulmonary nematode, causing several clinical manifestations in dogs, e.g., severe respiratory signs, coagulopathy, and gastrointestinal or neurological signs. In the last decades, this parasite has been described to spread and emerge in Europe and North America. Scant studies on A. vasorum occurrence in South America exist. Recently, A. vasorum was detected in gastropod intermediate hosts in Colombia, where data on definitive host prevalence, e.g., dogs and wild canids, are still limited. Therefore, the sera of 955 dogs, varying in age and breed from seven different departments all over Colombia, were collected and analysed for A. vasorum antigens and parasite-specific antibodies by ELISA. In total, 1.05 % (n = 10; 95 % CI 0.40–1.69) of the samples were antigen-positive and 2.62 % (n = 25; 95 % CI 1.61–3.63) were antibody-positive. These results confirm the presence of A. vasorum in Colombia, although positive results in antigen and antibody reactions in the same dog were not detected. This study is the first large-scale survey on A. vasorum seroprevalences in dogs from Colombia.
Gender Differences in Oral Health Knowledge and Practices Among Adults in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Aim To determine the knowledge and practices of adults regarding oral health and to determine the associated gender differences. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and a total of 1330 adults participated. Data were collected using self-administered validated questionnaire to gather information about sociodemographic data, oral health knowledge and practices. The scores of the oral health knowledge were calculated. Linear and logistic regressions were used to evaluate and compare the oral health knowledge and practices between males and females. Results Females had a significantly higher mean oral health knowledge score (8.5 ± 1.5) than males (8.1 ± 1.7). Regarding oral health practices, female participants reported a higher frequency of tooth brushing and mouthwash use than males (p = 0.001). The percentage of females who visited the dentist for check-ups and cleaning was significantly higher compared to males (41.5% and 35.2%, respectively). Participants with a university-level education showed a significantly higher knowledge score (coefficient = 0.27; 95% CI: −0.46 to 0.46). Respondents who were less than 40 years old brushed their teeth more than twice a day compared to older individuals (OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.13). Nonsmokers had better knowledge, and brushing their teeth twice daily was more likely among them (OR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59 to 0.99). Conclusion Among the adult population, females were more knowledgeable about their oral health and exhibited better practices than males.