Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Quantification of Atmospheric Rivers Precipitation from Space: Composite Assessments and Case Studies over the Eastern North Pacific Ocean and the Western United States

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) are often associated with extreme precipitation, which can lead to flooding or alleviate droughts. A decade (2003–12) of landfalling ARs impacting the North American west coast (between 32.5° and 52.5°N) is collected to assess the skill of five commonly used satellite-based precipitation products [T3B42, T3B42 real-time (T3B42RT), CPC morphing technique (CMORPH), PERSIANN, and PERSIANN–Cloud Classification System (CCS)] in capturing ARs’ precipitation rate and pattern. AR detection was carried out using a database containing twice-daily satellite-based integrated water vapor composite observations. It was found that satellite products are more consistent over ocean than land and often significantly underestimate precipitation rate over land compared to ground observations. Incorrect detection of precipitation from IR-based methods is prevalent over snow and ice surfaces where microwave estimates often show underestimation or missing data. Bias adjustment using ground obser.
Psoriasis comorbidity management in the COVID era: a pressing challenge

The global COVID-19 pandemic has presented a significant, ongoing challenge since its emergence in late 2019. Today, the Omicron strain, which is less lethal but more contagious than the original outbreak strain, continues to pose substantial health risks. In this background, the management of psoriatic comorbidities has become even more complex, particularly for patients with underlying inflammatory, metabolic, or cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to summarize current research on comorbid COVID-19 and psoriasis, and provide insights into the development of evidence-based management strategies. By providing appropriate patient instruction, implementing protective measures, and re-evaluating medication prescriptions based on each patient’s unique situation, healthcare professionals can effectively address the challenges faced by patients with comorbid psoriasis in the COVID-19 era.
Multiple hydrological steady states and resilience

Many physically-based models of surface and groundwater hydrology are constructed without the possibility of multiple stable states. For such a conceptualisation, at the cessation of a transient hydrological disturbance of any magnitude, the model will return to the original stable state and therefore will have an infinite resilience. Ecosystem resilience science propose a very different dynamic where, if the system has a positive feedback, disturbances may shift the system over a threshold where, upon cessation of the disturbance, the system will move to a different steady state. This dissertation brings together concepts from hydrology and ecosystem resilience science to highlight this often implicit assumption within hydrology. It tests the assumption that dryland water-limited catchments always have only one steady state (henceforth referred to as attractor). Following a discussion of this implicit assumption within hydrology, approaches for rigorous testing that could result in its falsification are considered and that of numerical modelling is adopted. The aims of the research were to test this assumption by proposing a biophysically plausible hydrological model; utilise it to investigate the catchment attributes likely to result in multiple attractors; and to assess the model’s validity by way of implementation and calibration. Little research has been undertaken into multiple hydrological attractors. Except for plot scale investigation of vegetation patterns, the only existing quantitative hydrological resilience research is a model for the Goulburn-Broken catchment (Victoria, Australia) in which the catchment is modelled as two lumped units of 5,000 km2 and groundwater head, soil and aquifer salt stores and fluxes are simulated.
Development of the SURface Fast Emissivity Model for Ocean (SURFEM‐Ocean) Based on the PARMIO Radiative Transfer Model

A Passive and Active Reference Microwave to Infrared Ocean (PARMIO) physical radiative transfer model has been selected by an international team of experts to be used as a community ocean surface emissivity model. A fast version of this physical community model is developed within the framework of European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Numerical Weather Prediction Satellite Application Facilities visiting scientist programme: the SURface Fast Emissivity Model for Ocean (SURFEM‐Ocean), for implementation in the Radiative Transfer code for TOVS (RTTOV) as an alternative/replacement of the well‐known FAST microwave Emissivity Model (FASTEM). First, the configuration of the PARMIO model is adapted to microwave frequencies from 500 MHz to 700 GHz, and issues observed in the preliminary studies with cold sea surface temperatures (SST) and high ocean wind speeds (OWS) are corrected. Second, an artificial neural network method is used to reproduce the results of the PARMIO model much faster. The computation of the analytical Jacobians is also implemented. Finally, SURFEM‐Ocean results are compared with satellite observations and other ocean emissivity models. SURFEM‐Ocean extends the capability of FASTEM. It computes emissivities from 500 MHz to 700 GHz, for all incidence angles, for the fourth Stokes polarizations, for OWS from 0 to 50 m/s, SST from −2 to 30°C, sea surface salinity from 0 to 40 psu, and for all wind directions.
New Spectroelectrochemical Insights into Manganese and Rhenium Bipyridine Complexes as Catalysts for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide

This study aimed to demonstrate the behavior of different complexes using IR spectroelectrochemistry (SEC), a technique that combines IR spectroscopy with electrochemistry. Four different Mn and Re catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction were studied in dry acetonitrile. In the case of Mn(apbpy)(CO)3Br (apbpy = 4(4-aminophenyl)-2,2′-bipyridine), SEC suggested that a very slow catalytic reduction of CO2 also occurs in acetonitrile in the absence of proton donors, but at rather negative potentials. In contrast, the corresponding Re(apbpy)(CO)3Br clearly demonstrated slow catalytic conversion at the first reduction potential. Switching to saturated CO2 solutions in a mixture of acetonitrile and 5% water as a proton donor, the SEC of Mn(apbpy)(CO)3Br displayed a faster catalytic behavior.
An analysis of the contested terrain of transitional justice under the 'Victor's Peace' in Sri Lanka"

In the wake of Sri Lanka’s transition from war to ‘peace’, a variety of actors have sought to advance competing visions of how to deal with the country’s violent past. This paper seeks to critically analyse these efforts with particular attention to the underlying politics which animates them. Drawing on a body of critical scholarship that has recently emerged in the field, it is argued that the case of Sri Lanka provides a particularly stark illustration of the deeply contested nature of transitional justice, in ways which challenge its conceptualisation as a common enterprise or “global project”. Moreover, contrary to the notion that transitional justice is most aptly characterised as a ‘response’ to past abuses of power, the example at hand is used to demonstrate the way in which it is also used to consolidate and legitimize new forms of authority – thus inviting the modification of Foucault’s aphorism that transitional justice, like power, may represent ‘war by other means’.
Vertical Distribution of Physico-Chemical Properties under Different Topo-sequence in Soils of Jharkhand

Vertical distribution of physico-chemical properties and their inter-relationship were studied in twenty seven profile representing three profiles from each topo-sequence (up, medium and low land) of three agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand viz., (i) central and north-eastern plateau i.e. zone-IV, (ii) western plateau i.e. zone-V and (iii) south eastern plateau i.e. zone-VI. The soil samples were analysed for various physico-chemical properties viz., organic carbon, pH, EC, CaCO3, CEC, clay and silt content, using standard laboratory procedures. Analysis of soil pH, organic carbon and calcium carbonate revealed that soil pH and CaCO3 increased with increasing soil depth of profiles. On contrary, organic carbon of the soils declined with increasing depth. Higher values of CEC in sub-surface horizons commensurate with the amount of clay. Variation of soil pH and EC was less in lowland and upland profiles, respectively whereas in case of CaCO3, upland profiles show maximum variations. Correlation matrix indicated that soil pH were significantly correlated with CaCO3 (r=0.72**) and organic carbon (r= 0.38**). Clay were positively and significantly correlated with CEC (r= 0.64**) and EC (r= 0.50**). Calcium Carbonate were significantly correlated EC(r= 0.35**) and organic carbon (r= -0.44**).
ASSESSMENT OF AGING CORRECTION FACTORS FOR LIQUEFACTION RESISTANCE AT SITES OF RECURRENT LIQUEFACTION

Studies suggest the cyclic shear strength of sands may be reduced following recent liquefaction. As such, the severity of liquefaction manifestation may be greater than expected for sites of repeat liquefaction events spaced closely in time. Accordingly, to investigate short time-scale “aging-effects,” an assessment of aging-correction factors was performed at sites of recurrent liquefaction during the Canterbury (NZ) earthquake sequence. Using an LPI framework, short time-scale aging correction factors were found to be plausible at sites with prior moderate-tosevere liquefaction. However, aging-effects were only perceptible at sites of marginal liquefaction (i.e., those that just liquefied), while at sites of more severe liquefaction likely to damage infrastructure, prior liquefaction had no measureable effect. A modified aging-relation is proposed herein and is presented for use with CRR-based triggering curves. Significant scatter exists in the dataset, however, and judicious use of aging corrections is thus advised.
Immediate effects of short-duration wellbeing practices on children’s handwriting and posture guided by a social robot

Handwriting practising, as any other repetitive task, often leads the practiser to an overconcentration state where their performance might be affected by postural and mental fatigue. Short breaks to perform unrelated activities, especially relaxation exercises, have shown to be a simple alternative to soften or postpone this phenomenon. Therefore, in this paper we are investigating the immediate effects of different types of short-duration relaxation exercises in the handwriting and posture of children aged from 8 to 10 in handwriting training. We divided 40 children in two groups performing the sessions, guided by a social robot, with small exercises of mindfulness or stretching in the middle of their training. Additionally, we analysed participants’ perceptions towards the robot leading these interactions. Results showed improvements in participants’ handwriting quality and posture maintenance regardless of the condition. Additionally, more positive feedback about the pause was reported from individuals in the mindfulness condition.
Stress Training in the Classroom: Evidence of Learning Transfer and Psychological Gains

Stress is ubiquitous in life and creates a need for effective responses in any domain. In this exploratory study, our goal was to understand better how business students learn and use stress management techniques in the classroom context and how this learning applies to different domains. We used thematic coding and textual analysis of weekly student journal reflections about their use of different stress management techniques over 12 weeks. Moving beyond their use of stress techniques in the classroom, students’ comments suggest that their broad use of tools, led to improved well-being (i.e., increased positive affect, reduced stress, and negative affect) beyond the classroom into other life domains. An analysis of student statements further showed increases in their present-focused cognitive orientation, the key dimension of mindfulness, over time. Their heightened present-focused cognitive orientation seems to stem from their practice of the deep breathing stress management technique. Thus, the results suggest that an explicit focus on students’ stress reduction in the classroom may have important implications for how educators can better prepare students for addressing stress and improving psychological and cognitive gains through applied learning across multiple life experiences.
Hurricane Katrina as a Lens for Assessing Socio-Spatial Change in New Orleans

Disasters are acute events that affect populated landscapes at discrete points in their history. In many locations, these discrete events occur repeatedly over time. This chronology has chorological implications in that one generation's disaster reconstruction zone could be the next generation's disaster site. This build-disaster-rebuild approach also occurs within the context of changing social and environmental conditions, the interactions of which have direct implications to the outcome of a specific disaster event. This research focuses on the changing social geography of a large urban disaster site (New Orleans, Louisiana) by employing the U.S. Census, digital inundation data, and a GIS to conduct a spatial analysis of flood patterns during Hurricane Katrina. Following the initial analysis, we replicate our methodology across the three decennial census periods prior to 2000. While the initial analysis discerns the statistical relationship among race, income, and Katrina's deluge, the subsequent temporal analysis illuminates the changing social patterns that preceded the Katrina-era landscape. In this manner, we use hurricane inundation as a lens to view 35 years of socio-spatial change in New Orleans.
Prevalence, Distribution, and Factors Associated with Vector-Borne Pathogen Infections in Pet Dogs from Different Geoclimatic Zones in Sri Lanka

Vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) cause significant diseases in dogs in the tropics. In Sri Lanka, the scarce availability of previous studies on canine VBPs has hampered an accurate evaluation of their prevalence in pet dog populations. In this study, we collected demographic, clinical, and environmental data together with whole blood from 423 pet dogs from three geoclimatic zones in Sri Lanka. All blood samples were screened using a previously validated multiplex qPCR assay to detect the six most prevalent canine VBPs in tropical Asia. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate environmental and host factors as predictors of VBP infections. Overall, 254 dogs (60.1%, 95% CI: 55.3–64.6%) were infected with one or more VBPs. Babesia gibsoni was the most prevalent VBP with 37.4% (95% CI: 32.7–42.2%) of dogs infected followed by Hepatozoon canis (21.04%, 95% CI: 17.25–25.24%), haemotropic mycoplasmas (10.2%, 95% CI: 7.5–13.4%), Babesia vogeli (5%, 95% CI: 3.2–7.5%), Ehrlichia canis (4.5%, 95% CI: 2.7–6.9%), and Anaplasma platys (3.8%, 95% CI: 2.12–6.1%). Predictors of VBP infections included tick infestation for H. canis ( p = 0.05 ) and A. platys ( p = 0.01 ), as well as age for B. gibsoni ( p = 0.01 ) and H. canis ( p = 0.05 ) infection. Local breed ( p = 0.004 ), male dogs ( p = 0.001 ) and flea infestation ( p = 0.04 ) were significantly associated with haemotropic mycoplasma infections suggesting direct-blood exchange through fighting and fleas as a possible means of transmission for these pathogens. Clinical results suggest that B. gibsoni and E. canis caused clinically significant disease, especially in exotic breeds such as German shepherds and Rottweilers compared to the local breeds ( p < 0.001 ). Measures such as educating pet dog owners on the importance of being vigilant on ectoparasite infestation of their pets, preventing pet dogs from interacting with stray or community dogs, and the compliant use of effective ectoparasiticides will be crucial for effective control of VBPs in pet dogs in Sri Lanka.
Diversity of Wild Soybean Resources Based on Agronomic and Quality Traits in Heilongjiang Province

In order to excavated excellent wild soybean resources,240 wild soybean resources were taken as material to analyze the diversity based on agronomic and quality traits in Heilongjiang province. The results showed that,wild soybean resources in Heilongjiang province was mainly purple,black seed,oval and needle leaves and present bloom. The average variation coefficient and diversity index of yield and growth traits were 51. 55% and 1. 75,respectively. The average variation coefficient and diversity index of quality traits were 17% and 1. 94,respectively. The materials were divided into 2 groups by cluster analysis. The late maturing,high yield and high isoflavone content materials were classified into groupⅠ. The slender leaf,high protein content of materials were classified into groupⅡ. Materials of groupⅠ mainly came from the East and the South area of Heilongjiang province. Materials of groupⅡ mainly came from the North and West area of Heilongjiang province.
Trends and hotspots in research on medical images with deep learning: a bibliometric analysis from 2013 to 2023

Background With the rapid development of the internet, the improvement of computer capabilities, and the continuous advancement of algorithms, deep learning has developed rapidly in recent years and has been widely applied in many fields. Previous studies have shown that deep learning has an excellent performance in image processing, and deep learning-based medical image processing may help solve the difficulties faced by traditional medical image processing. This technology has attracted the attention of many scholars in the fields of computer science and medicine. This study mainly summarizes the knowledge structure of deep learning-based medical image processing research through bibliometric analysis and explores the research hotspots and possible development trends in this field. Methods Retrieve the Web of Science Core Collection database using the search terms “deep learning,” “medical image processing,” and their synonyms. Use CiteSpace for visual analysis of authors, institutions, countries, keywords, co-cited references, co-cited authors, and co-cited journals. Results The analysis was conducted on 562 highly cited papers retrieved from the database. The trend chart of the annual publication volume shows an upward trend. Pheng-Ann Heng, Hao Chen, and Klaus Hermann Maier-Hein are among the active authors in this field. Chinese Academy of Sciences has the highest number of publications, while the institution with the highest centrality is Stanford University. The United States has the highest number of publications, followed by China. The most frequent keyword is “Deep Learning,” and the highest centrality keyword is “Algorithm. ” The most cited author is Kaiming He, and the author with the highest centrality is Yoshua Bengio. Conclusion The application of deep learning in medical image processing is becoming increasingly common, and there are many active authors, institutions, and countries in this field. Current research in medical image processing mainly focuses on deep learning, convolutional neural networks, classification, diagnosis, segmentation, image, algorithm, and artificial intelligence. The research focus and trends are gradually shifting toward more complex and systematic directions, and deep learning technology will continue to play an important role.
Quantifying The Properties Of Magmatic Intrusions In The Central Andes With Geodesy

Volcanism in convergent arcs is the end result of magma ascending to the Earth’s surface. However, many of the details of the ascent process are still debated. In particular, how long does magma persist in reservoirs at particular depths? What is the timescale and physical mechanism of ascent between reservoirs? To address these questions this thesis investigates volcanic deformation in the Central Andes Volcanic Zone of South America (CVZ, 15-28◦S). The CVZ is one of three distinct volcanic arc segments in the Andes that results from the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South America Plate. To begin, I compile available information for Holocene eruptions to show that despite containing the largest number of ’active volcanoes’ (70), the CVZ has only 12% of recorded eruptions in the Andes. I then demonstrate through a synoptic survey with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) that 40% of volcanic deformation events in the Andes over the last two decades occur in the CVZ. Next, I attempt to constrain the physical properties of two active intrusions in the CVZ that are unique in terms of their large size (>50km diameter) and persistent maximum rates of uplift (>1 cm/yr for >10yrs). First, I focus on Uturuncu Volcano, where I analyze InSAR and GPS data to constrain the spatial and temporal deformation pattern between 1992 and 2014. I propose a ’dipole’ model of magma transport between vertically-aligned reservoirs in the lower crust and middle crust to explain the observation of uplift and peripheral subsidence at Uturuncu. The ratio of vertical to radial surface displacements for single inflation source is increased by adding a dipole reservoir, but decreased to a greater degree by crustal heterogeneity known from seismic tomography. Additionally, volume discrepancies of 1-10x between source and sink reservoirs are expected given known ranges of lower crustal material properties in the Central Andes. Finally, I present current InSAR and GPS observations at Lazufre Volcanic Complex through 10/2014 that show maintained spatial and temporal patterns of uplift compared to the previous two decades. Using a finite element model for an opening sill I demonstrate the role of layering and 3D heterogeneous structure based on newly-available seismic tomography. The proposed heterogeneous structure increases the surface displacements for homogeneous crust by less than 7% within a 10km radius of the center of uplift.
Tan-Lu fault system and its significance in oil accumulation in the central Liaodong Bay subbasin, Bohai Bay Basin, China

The Tan-Lu fault system in the central Liaodong Bay subbasin, Bohai Bay Basin, has complex structural characteristics, and its tectonism during the Cenozoic is an important factor in oil accumulation. Three-dimensional seismic data were used to document the structural features and evolution of the system. Variations in source rock occurrence, oil catchment area, and faulting intensity were comprehensively evaluated to discuss the heterogeneity of oil occurrence along the system. Detailed analysis of the seismic data indicates a right-lateral slip for the Tan-Lu fault system. Transpression and transtension occur on two branches of the Tan-Lu fault with different orientations, indicating a likely slip azimuth that is between the two orientations, i.e., 30°–35°. The strike-slip began at the middle stage of deposition of the Shahejie Formation and reached its climax during deposition of the first and second members of the Dongying Formation. To date, the slip is still continuing. In the transpressional system, the lower strata on opposite sides of the strike-slip fault were shortened and folded, whereby the upper strata were stretched and normal faulted. As a result, a negative flower structure developed immediately above a positive flower structure. Strain distribution in this system is similar to that in a classic fold. Moderate tectonic deformation could enlarge the oil catchment area, benefiting oil accumulation. Weak or intense deformation is unfavorable for commercial oil accumulation because of a small oil catchment area and poor oil preservation, respectively.