Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Electrical Load On the Emulsification Methods of Inline Mixing System RTES Produced by The Static Mixer and Ultrasonic on Fuel Consumption and Emission Characteristics

The Water-in-Diesel emulsion (W/D emulsion) imposed the benefit of alternative fuel by reducing the main emission problems in the diesel engines such as Particulate Matters (PM) and Nitric Oxides (NOx) emissions. However, the main issue of W/D emulsion was dependency on surfactant which creates a huge barrier to commercialize this alternative fuel. Therefore, a new concept namely as the Real-Time Non-Surfactant Non-Emulsification System (RTES) was introduced to eliminate the surfactant in W/D emulsion. However, the effect of the electrical load of RTES operation in diesel engine vehicles is still unknown, especially on fuel consumption. Hence, this paper focussed on the effect of electrical load on the emulsification methods of inline mixing system RTES produced by the static mixer and ultrasonic on fuel consumption and emission characteristics. There are two different methods of emulsification made motor and static mixer (EMS) and motor, ultrasonic and static mixer (EMUS) from the RTES were tested of the light-duty lorry under the engine speed of 2200rpm. It is found that the electrical load from the operation of RTES increased the fuel consumption by 1.0% compared to the B10 fuel but reduced by 1.5% when the EMS emulsion fuel was applied. The EMS and EMUS emulsion exhibit the same pattern of NOx reduction by 7% However, EMS and EMUS increased by 20% and 16.5% for CO emission and 16.9% and 9.7% for HC emission respectively compared to B10 fuel. Overall, the electrical load in the RTES operation slightly consumed fuel consumption but the introduction of the static mixer in the RTES system had successfully be applied without deteriorated the benefit of emulsion fuel.
AC Impedance Study of High-Power Lithium-Ion Secondary Batteries—Effect of Battery Size

We measured the internal resistance of high-power lithium-ion secondary batteries for next-generation electric vehicles. We succeeded in separating the two elements of the electrode (positive and negative)/electrolyte interfacial resistances (R int ) by measuring the ac impedance spectrum at a low state of charge and low temperature. In addition, R int took a value close to the capacity ratio between small- (280 mAh) and large-capacity (7 Ah) cells when the internal resistances of the two cells calculated from the ac impedance spectrum were compared. These results indicate that interfacial degradation, which is one of the main factors causing battery degradation, can be estimated by analyzing R int using a smaller cell.
The Use of Inverse Gas Chromatography (IGC) to Determine the Surface Energy of RDX

The surface properties of RDX play an important role in enhancing mechanics performances of the propellants and explosives. In this work, thereby, inverse gas chromatography (IGC) using various probe liquids as the medium was used to determine the surface energy components of RDX containing both dispersive and polar components, which were acquired respectively from neutral probe liquids (such as n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane) and polar probe liquids (such as chloroform, benzene, methanol). The results show that RDX located in different column temperatures has difference in the surface energy and possesses more surface energy when there is high temperature. The calculated formula of the total surface energy with temperature is: , and it is also found that dispersive, polar, electron acceptor, and electron donor components of RDX are , , , and , respectively. These results demonstrate that the dispersive component is the primary part of the total surface energy, and RDX has an acid performance.
The effects of drawing on preschoolers' statements about experienced and non‐experienced events

Funding information Swedish Crime Victim Compensation and Support Authority, Grant/Award Number: 03005/2016 Summary Although drawing is frequently used during investigative interviews, few studies have explored the effectiveness of draw-and-talk techniques with very young children. In this article, we examined the effects of drawing on preschoolers' (3–6 years old) reports of self-experienced and non-experienced events. In Study I, we interviewed 83 preschoolers about a staged event. We did not observe any significant statement differences between children asked to draw-and-talk compared to a verbal-only condition. In Study II, we interviewed 25 preschoolers about a nonexperienced event. Twenty-one children initially denied the event. When asked if they could help the interviewer draw a person from the event, 13 (61.9%) children complied with the request and eventually provided several false details. While drawing did not significantly increase the average number of details, exploratory findings indicated that drawing may have helped a subset of children. However, drawing might impair children's accuracy when suggestively interviewed about nonexperienced events.
In Silico Design for Systems-Based Metabolic Engineering In Escherichia Coli for The Bioconversion of Aerobic Glycerol to Succinic Acid

BackgroundGlycerol has become an interesting carbon source for industrial processes as consequence of the biodiesel business growth since it has shown promising results in terms of biomass/substrate yields. Selecting the appropriate metabolic targets to build efficient cell factories and maximize the desired chemical production in as little time as possible is a major challenge in industrial biotechnology. The engineering of microbial metabolism following rational design has been widely studied. However, it is a cost-, time-, and laborious-intensive process because of the cell network complexity; thus, to be proficient is needed known in advance the effects of gene deletions.ResultsAn in silico experiment was performed to model and understand the effects of metabolic engineering over the metabolism by transcriptomics data integration. In this study, systems-based metabolic engineering to predict the metabolic engineering targets was used in order to increase the bioconversion of glycerol to succinic acid by Escherichia coli. Transcriptomics analysis suggest insights of how increase the glycerol utilization of the cell for further design efficient cell factories. Three models were used; an E. coli core model, a model obtained after the integration of transcriptomics data obtained from E. coli growing in an optimized culture media, and a third one obtained after integration of transcriptomics data obtained from E. coli after adaptive laboratory evolution experiments. A total of 2402 strains were obtained from these three models. Fumarase and pyruvate dehydrogenase were frequently predicted in all the models, suggesting that these reactions are essential to increasing succinic acid production from glycerol. Finally, using flux balance analysis results for all the mutants predicted, a machine learning method was developed to predict new mutants as well as to propose optimal metabolic engineering targets and mutants based on the measurement of importance of each knockout’s (feature’s) contribution.ConclusionsThe combination of transcriptome, systems metabolic modeling, and machine learning analyses revealed versatile molecular mechanisms involved in the utilization of glycerol. These data provide a platform to improve the prediction of metabolic engineering targets to design efficient cell factories. Our results may also work a guide platform for the selection/engineering of microorganisms for production of interesting chemical compounds.
A Perception-Based Curricular Review on the K to 12 HUMSS Strand Curriculum

This study examines the perception of Humanities and Social Science teachers among public Senior High Schools in the Department of Education’s Humanities and Social Sciences strand in the Philippines. It uses Erden’s element-based model of evaluation by considering the alignment to the goals of the Humanities and Social Sciences disciplines, the purpose, and core courses of the program, and the teaching-learning process. It also uses Tyler’s Rationale as frameworks in assessing the curriculum. Likewise, the study examines the problems and difficulties in curricular implementation. Upon administering a survey to 25 Humanities and Social Science teachers among four public senior high schools, data revealed that the respondents perceived the curriculum goals, and the purpose of the program as highly observed, while the core courses of the program and teaching-learning process were satisfactorily observed in the curriculum. Also, sex and age were not factors in their level of assessment of Humanities and Social Science goals. The problems and difficulties encountered by teachers included unbalanced time allocation of learning competencies, lack of available learning materials, and lack of specialized teachers. Based on the findings, it is suggested that the government provide stronger teacher support programs to address the gap in curriculum implementation. The K to 12 program also needs a full review, as the study only provides a presurvey to more significant institutional issues. While the Humanities and Social Science curriculum appears aligned with the goals of their disciplines, and to the country’s educational goals, its realization still depends upon the teachers’ implementation in the classroom level.
Delineation of multiple metamorphic events in the Himalayan Kathmandu Complex, central Nepal

Quartz‐inclusion geothermobarometry of texturally and chemically zoned garnet, together with U–(Th)–Pb accessory phase petrochronology, phase equilibria modelling, and major element thermobarometry delineates two metamorphic events within the Kathmandu Complex in central Nepal. Combined titanium‐in‐quartz thermometry (TitaniQ) and quartz‐in‐garnet barometry (QuiG) of quartz inclusions in garnet cores yields temperatures and pressures (555–580°C, 0.89–0.91 GPa) statistically higher than those estimated for both garnet rims and secondary garnet neoblasts (535–545°C, 0.81–0.84 GPa). Comparison of these temperatures and pressures with the results from phase equilibria modelling indicates that the garnet cores nucleated after overstepping the equilibrium garnet isograd. Estimation of the degree to which overstepping may have occurred, however, is complicated by uncertainty in the estimated reactive bulk compositions. Major element thermobarometry of the garnet rims returns temperatures and pressures lower than those preserved by the garnet cores but are consistent with previous estimates of Cenozoic metamorphism in the frontal portion of Kathmandu thrust sheet. Two generations of titanite are recognized on the basis of mineral morphology, chemical zoning, and U–Pb date (c. 500 Ma versus 29 ± 5 Ma). Trace‐element systematics of the two titanite populations indicate varying co‐stability with allanite and are consistent with Th–Pb dates of allanite growth (c. 489 Ma) and breakdown to clinozoisite (c. 30 Ma). Inclusion patterns within titanite indicate that the younger group formed following breakdown of rutile that originally coexisted with the older generation of titanite at pressures and temperatures similar to those determined from the garnet cores. Application of the Zr‐in‐titanite and Zr‐in‐rutile thermometers yields temperatures 100–150°C in excess of those indicated by both TitaniQ‐QuiG and major element thermobarometry. This discrepancy is interpreted to reflect disequilibrium partitioning of Zr and limited zircon reactivity during metamorphism. Collectively, these observations are consistent with previous estimates of the timing and conditions of metamorphism associated with the Palaeozoic Bhimphedian and Cenozoic Himalayan orogenies in central Nepal. The estimated temperatures and pressures for growth of the garnet cores are consistent with rapid burial during thrust stacking.
Analysis of Restaurants’ Operations Using Time-Driven Activity-based Costing (TDABC): Case Study

ABSTRACT In today’s competitive environment, the analysis of activities is not just about looking at the overall report of profit and loss but more in understanding which of the activities add value and which are identified as wastes. This study examines the implementation of Time-Driven Activity-based Costing (TDABC) to analyze the operations of restaurants and also explores its validity as an approach for mapping the value streams of the operational activities. For this purpose, a case study is planned to reprocess both direct and indirect costs of a restaurant using TDABC. Thus, an observation process is performed to gather the relevant data, besides investigating the case restaurant’s cost accounting system. In this paper, two analytical techniques (TDABC & VSM) are combined to identify both the true costs of the operational activities as well as distinguishing the non-value-added activities. The results have revealed that TDABC appears to be a very feasible approach for both setting the correct cost of operations in restaurants and mapping the source of value-added activities.
Progress in Gas/Solid Interface Charging Phenomena

Surface charge accumulation in the spacer modifies local electric fields, which restricts the industrialization of high voltage direct current (HVDC) gas-insulated transmission lines (GILs). In this paper, the state of art in gas/solid interface charging physics and models, covering areas of charge measurement techniques, charge transport mechanisms, charge related DC surface flashover models, and charge control methods, is reviewed and discussed. Key issues that should be considered in future studies are summarized and proposed. The purpose of this work is to provide a brief update on the most important and latest progress in this research area, and to educate readers as to the current state of the gas-solid interface charging phenomenon, which has seen great progress in the past few years.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Manganese-tris(1,2-ethanediamine)tetratelluride [Mn(en)3]Te4 Exhibiting Intermolecular Interactions between the Tetratelluride Anions

Air-sensitive black crystals of the new compound [Mn(en)3]Te4 were synthesized by reacting MnCl2 · 4 H2O, K2Te3 and elemental Te in 1,2-ethanediamine (en) under solvothermal conditions at 433 K. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with lattice parameters a = 839.51(7) pm, b = 1551.3(1) pm, c = 1432.6(1) pm, and β = 90.28(2)°. Isolated [Mn(en)3]2+ cations and Te42– anions are arranged in an alternating fashion parallel to the crystallographic b-axis. One terminal Te atom of the Te42– anions exhibits a short intermolecular contact to a neighboured anion thus forming Te84– anions. A slightly longer interionic Te…Te separation is observed between two of the inner Te atoms of neighboured Te84– anions. Taking these longer separations into account infinite Te-chains are formed running parallel to [001]. The intermolecular Te…Te interactions affect the Te–Te bond lengths within the Te42– anion leading to a lengthening of the average Te–Te distance. Short N–H…Te distances indicate hydrogen bonding between the cations and anions. DTA-TG measurements show that at 441 K the material decomposes in one step. The resulting crystalline material consists of MnTe2 and Te. Synthese und Kristallstruktur von Mangan-tris(1,2-Ethandiamin)tetratellurid [Mn(en)3]Te4 mit ausergewohnlichen intermolekularen Wechselwirkungen zwischen Tetratelluridanionen Schwarze, luftempfindliche Kristalle von [Mn(en)3]Te4 wurden aus Mangan(II)-chlorid-tetrahydrat, Kaliumtritellurid und Tellur in 1,2-Ethandiamin unter Solvothermalbedingungen bei 433 K synthetisiert. Die Verbindung kristallisiert in der monoklinen Raumgruppe P21/n mit den Gitterparametern a = 839.51(7) pm, b = 1551.3(1) pm, c = 1432.6(1) pm und β = 90.28(2)°. Isolierte [Mn(en)3]2+-Kationen und Te42–-Anionen sind in Richtung der kristallographischen b-Achse alternierend angeordnet. Eines der beiden terminalen Te-Atome des Te42–-Anions weist kurze intermolekulare Kontakte zu einem benachbarten Anion auf, was zur Bildung von Te84–-Anionen fuhrt. Geringfugig langere Te…Te-Kontakte werden zwischen zwei der inneren Te-Atome benachbarter Te84–-Anionen gefunden. Dies fuhrt zur Ausbildung unendlicher Te-Ketten, welche parallel zu [001] verlaufen. Die intermolekularen Te…Te-Wechselwirkungen fuhren zu einer Verlangerung der Te–Te-Bindungen im Te42–-Anion. Kurze N–H…Te-Abstande weisen auf die Ausbildung von Wasserstoffbruckenbindungen zwischen Anionen und Kationen hin. DTA-TG-Messungen zeigen, das sich die Verbindung in einem Schritt bei 441 K zersetzt. Das gebildete kristalline Material besteht aus MnTe2 und Te.
Estimation of Toxic Fume Characteristics of Explosives from steel tube blasting

The generation of CO, NO and NO2 in blasting with ANFO has been measured. Blasting experiments in a 200 m3 rock chamber have been made with the charges confined in rock and in steel tubes. Comparison of the results shows that steel tube experiments can be used to approximately predict toxic gas generation in small diameter drill hole underground blasting. The paper describes the simple calibration and measurement techniques used. The effect of oil content in the ANFO and the effect of moisture on the walls of the chamber have been investigated.
Fast Spectrophotometric Method as Alternative for CuO Oxidation to Assess Lignin in Soils with Different Tree Cover

Given the ongoing climate change, estimating the amount of less degradable plant compounds that can be stored in the soil, such as lignin, is a topic of primary importance. There are few methods applicable to soils for the determination of lignin, such as the copper oxide (CuO) oxidation method (CuOL). Acetyl bromide spectrophotometric lignin (ABSL) could be a valid alternative providing information that is less detailed compared to CuOL, but it offers data on the bulk amount of lignin and may offer a valid, fast, and cheap alternative to the CuO method. The aim of this work was to compare ABSL with the CuO method on several soils receiving plant residues from different trees. Mineral soil samples from 0 to 10 cm depth were obtained from a former agricultural site in northern Italy (Brusciana, Tuscany), where different tree plantations were established 22 years ago. The plantations were white poplar and common walnut, which were also intercropped with other species such as hazelnut, Italian alder, and autumn olive. Soil samples under these plantations were also compared to soil under an adjacent agricultural field. In general, the amount of lignin in the afforested stands was approximately double than in the agricultural field as determined by either method. The two methods returned a largely different scale of values due to their different mechanisms of action. The acid-to-aldehyde ratio of syringyl structural units highlights that forest plantation provides a plant input material that is more slowly oxidatively degraded compared to arable soil. A linear mixed model proved that ABSL performed well in relation to CuOL, especially when considering the random variation in the model given by the plantation field design. In conclusion, ABSL can be considered a valid proxy of soil C pool derived from structural plant component, although further analyses are needed.
Sexual Behavioral Patterns of Kenyan University Student-Athletes: Implications for Sports Managers

Background. The debate on whether participation in sports enhances or curtails risky sexual behavior among athletes continues. The purpose of the study was to establish the sexual behavior patterns and associated high risks among University student-athletes. Methods. A cross-sectional survey research design was used to collect self-report data on sexual behaviors from university student-athletes (n = 151) who participated in a University sports tournament. Descriptive statistics of frequencies and proportions and inferential statistics of chi-square test of independent measures were used to analyze the data. Majority (65%) of the student-athletes were taking part in Ball games and Racket games (13.9%). Results. About a third (33%) of the student-athletes had their first sexual debut while aged between 18 and 20 years, 60% had regular sexual partners, over 30% had more than one sexual partner and 67% would have sexual intercourse with strangers; only 58% of these would seek the sexual history of the strangers. More than half (55%) of the student-athletes frequently used condoms to prevent pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases, but only 39% of them always used condoms with their sexual partners in the last six months. The participants’ sexual behaviors differed significantly (p < .05) by their gender. Males tended to start having sexual intercourse earlier (p < .002), had more than one sexual partner (p < 0.001) and would always use condoms (p < .001) than females, but more females than males would have sexual intercourse with a stranger (p < .001). Conclusions. Kenyan University student-athletes are sexually active and are faced with high risk sexual behaviors like multiple sexual partners and sexual intercourse with strangers. The difference in patterns of sexual behavior between male and female student-athletes calls for gender specific interventions by programmers, policy makers and health workers.
Changes in Root Exudates’ Composition and Their
Ability to Release Cadmium Adhered to Soil
in Four Lettuce Varieties under Cadmium Stress

To test the differences in root exudation under Cd stress among four lettuce varieties, a hydroponic culture experiment was conducted. In this study, four lettuce varieties were cultivated in Hoagland’s solution containing 10 mg·L-1 Cd for 3 weeks. The water culture method was used to obtain a solution containing root exudates at the end of every week. In all four cultivars, the roots’ secretion capacity increased over time, but the diversity of compounds in the root exudates and the soil-Cd activation capacity of root exudates decreased. The roots’ secretion capacity was significantly negatively correlated with the soil-Cd activation capacity of the exudates (r = 0.78, P<0.01) and with the number of compounds in root exudates (r = 0.59, P<0.01). The soil-Cd activation capacity of root exudates was significantly positively correlated with the number of compounds in root exudates (r = 0.69, P<0.01). Thus, under Cd stress, the lettuce root secretion capacity increased while the diversity of compounds in root exudates decreased, resulting in decreased soil-Cd activation.