Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on viscosity reduction of heavy oil by hydrogen donors using a cavitating jet

Cavitating jet technology is used to change the quality and to reduce the viscosity of heavy oil because bubble collapse can cause extreme conditions such as high pressure and temperature. The experimental study on the viscosity reduction of heavy oil using a cavitating jet was performed through a self-designed experimental system for heavy oil viscosity reduction by a cavitating jet. Tetrahydronaphthalene was used as the hydrogen donor, and after adding different amount of tetrahydronaphthalene, the viscosity change of the heavy oil was studied before and after treatment by the cavitation jet. The experimental results show that cavitating jet technology can be used to improve the quality and reduce the viscosity of heavy oil, and the addition of tetrahydronaphthalene can effectively reduce the viscosity of heavy oil. With the increase in the amount of tetrahydronaphthalene added, the viscosity reduction effect on the heavy oil improved, and the viscosity reduction rate increased. When a certain amount of tetrahydronaphthalene was added, the viscosity of the heavy oil decreased gradually and plateaued with the increase in the cycles of cavitation jet treatment. The addition of tetrahydronaphthalene can dilute the heavy oil and effectively reduce the viscosity and improve the quality of heavy oil by providing active hydrogen to close the macromolecular hydrocarbon free radicals generated by the cavitation effect.
Dimensionality Controlling of Cs3Sb2I9 for Efficient All‐Inorganic Planar Thin Film Solar Cells by HCl‐Assisted Solution Method

Since lead halide perovskite suffers from the obstructions of lead and stability, researchers recently pay more attention to the development of lead‐free and stable perovskite absorbers. A typical lead‐free antimony iodide perovskite (AIP) is synthesized through vapor reaction at high temperature for photoactive phase. Herein, hydrochloric acid is developed as an intermediate coordinated additive for Cs3Sb2I9 photoactive layered phase using HCl‐assisted solution method. The uniform and highly crystalline Cs3Sb2I9 layered film is obtained by antisolvent engineering. Isopropanol antisolvent is more suitable for present system comparing with traditional lead iodide perovskite‐based ones. Physical characterizations manifest the lower trap density, doubled carrier mobility, and improved junction quality from the new developed absorber film and its corresponding devices comparing with its dimer phase. Utilizing TiO2/AIP/Au all‐inorganic structure, the champion device demonstrates a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.21%, which is the top value for all‐inorganic AIP solar cells. The nonencapsulated device exhibits negligible loss in the PCE under ambient environment with 50% humidity after 60 days storing. The obtained results portray important progress toward the understanding of reliable HCl‐assisted solution method and realization of highly stable AIP solar cells.
Water‐soluble carbohydrates during fermentation and baking of composite wheat and lentil flour—Implications for enhanced functionality

19 Background and objectives: The nutritional benefits of Lentil ( Lens culinaris. Medik) have 20 been widely acknowledged. Enriching wheat flour using pulses such as lentil flour is a way of 21 increasing both the nutritional and functional content of wheat-based foods. The properties of 22 lentil that may have specific health benefits to the individual are also widely acknowledged. 23 Functional compounds from plant-based foods are commonly attributed to polyphenols, 24 inhibitors, vitamins, as well as soluble and insoluble fiber. Water soluble carbohydrates, 25 (WSC) consisting predominantly of oligosaccharides, make up part of total dietary fiber. The 26 beneficial role of oligosaccharides promoting probiotic health are widely acknowledged. 27 Equally it is recognized that oligosaccharides cause irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) limiting 28 the ability for some individuals in consuming pulses.
An in-vitro evaluation of the capacity of crude clay and ash based materials to bind aflatoxins in solution

Aflatoxins cause health burden in feed chain particularly in tropical areas of the world, causing great health hazards to animals and in advance, to human. Currently, there is no universal measure to detoxify aflatoxins in contaminated feeds to render them safe. The study aimed to evaluate potential of crude clays and ashes as test binding materials (TBM) in binding aflatoxins in solution, towards reducing their toxicity to animals ingesting aflatoxin contaminated feeds. Using in-vitro technique, clays designated AC, KC, CC and MC and ashes VA and RA were evaluated for their capacity to bind aflatoxins B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1) and G2 (AFG2) relative to a commercial binder MycobinderR (Evonik) as a reference. On average, CC, VA, KC, MC, AC, RA and MycobindR were able to bind 39.9%, 51.3%, 61.5%, 62.0%, 72.6%, 84.7%and 98.1% of the total aflatoxins in buffered solution, respectively. The capacity of AC and RA was statistically (p<0.05) equal and potentially high in binding aflatoxins next to the MycobindR. The capacity trend of the TBM and MycobindR to bind aflatoxins, largely seemed to follow the trend of their cation exchange capacity (CEC). The CEC (meq/100g) varied as 7.0, 15.4, 18.8, 25.4, 27.2, 27.2 and 38.9 for CC, MC, KC, VA, AC, RA and MycobindR, respectively. The Average proportions of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 adsorbed to the TBMs were 96.3%, 42.7%, 80.8% and 32.1%, respectively. The binding capacity of the TBM relative to MycobindR was about 100% for AC and RA, 50% for KC, MC and VA and 33.3% for CC. The AC and RA seem to be promising resources in binding aflatoxins and can be utilized in alleviating aflatoxin contamination of feeds.
Morpho-Functional Changes in Cerebellum of Lead II Acetate Exposed, Ocimum gratissimum Administered Wistar Rats

In the human nervous system, available studies assert; that the Neuroglia cells (special neurons in the brain) may provide structural support and/or regenerative tendencies (gliosis) to damages within the circuitry. This study conducted to investigate the activity of Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract on the regenerative functions of the cerebellum of lead II acetate exposed wistar rats. A total of twenty five (25) Wistar rats were divided into five (5) groups of five (5) rats each. With Group one (1) receiving standard rat diet and water only (control group), Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively got 252.98 mg/kg/day of aqueous O. gratissimum leaves extract for 35 days, 180 mg/kg of lead II acetate for 21 days, 180 mg/kg of lead II acetate for 21 days with continued treatment of 126.49 mg/kg of O. gratissimum leaf extract for 35 days, and 180 mg/kg of lead II acetate with continued treatment of 252.98 mg/kg of O. gratissimum leaf extract for 21 days. Rats were then euthanized Original Research Article Aigbiremolen et al.; INDJ, 12(2): 1-10, 2018; Article no.INDJ. 46550 2 (after treatment period), with blood samples obtained and assayed for biochemical changes. Histological and stereological examinations were also conducted for cerebella tissue. Upon comparison with control (group I), one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) returned a significantly high GSH value for group one rats as compared to other groups. Even though huge degeneration was seen for group III rats, Cerebella Malonaldehyde, Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione and Catalase levels, were relatively low across groups IV and V as against the control. Histological section through group I rats showed cerebella purkinje layer appearing deeply basophilic, with a characteristically condensed Nissl granule, thus describing a normal architecture of the cerebellar cortex. Pyramidal and granular axonic and dendritic cells were also seen to have embedded neuropils within group II rats. Conclusively, Study has shown that O. gratissimum extract consumption may be potent for low to minimal anti-oxidant effect, and regenerative tendencies (gliosis) on the cerebellum. More sophisticated but similar studies are recommended for other areas of the brain.
Structure–Reactivity: Comparison between the Carbonation of Epoxidized Vegetable Oils and the Corresponding Epoxidized Fatty Acid Methyl Ester

Vegetable oils are renewable biomass that can substitute fossil raw materials for sustainable development. These oils are made of different types of fatty acids (building blocks), which could lead to differing reactivity toward chemical reaction. In order to investigate the correlation between reactivity and structure of vegetable oils, we have compared the reactivity of epoxidized cottonseed oil (ECSO) and its epoxidized fatty acid methyl ester (EFAME) toward carbonation reaction by using the homogeneous catalyst tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr). Mass transfer and physicochemical properties were determined and further applied to estimate the intrinsic rate constants during the kinetic modeling stage. It was found that densities for both systems were similar, but the difference in viscosity was important. Mass transfer coefficients were similar for the carbonated species, but the ones of EFAME and FAME were found to be ca. 100 times lower than those of ECSO and CSO. The solubility of CO2 was found to be.
Fluconazole: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Four New Pharmaceutical Cocrystal Forms

Pharmaceutical cocrystals have emerged over the past several decades as an alternative path for synthesizing stable and/or improved crystalline forms of active pharmaceutical ingredients. In this contribution, we developed a reproducible cocrystallization path for the supramolecular synthesis of four new pharmaceutical cocrystal forms of fluconazole (FLZ), an antifungal multifunctional drug: fluconazole–fumaric acid monohydrate (1:1:1), fluconazole–malic acid (1:1), fluconazole–dipicolinic acid (1:1), and fluconazole–adipic acid (1:1). All the new cocrystals were characterized by powder/single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Raman, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry/thermogravimetric analysis, and hot-stage polarized optical microscopy, and their water solubility was determined. Structurally, although the coformers were different, the same strong O–H···N hydrogen bond between the FLZ molecule and the coformers was observed. The aqueous solubility studies revealed that al.
Approaching an investigation of multi-dimensional inequalitythrough the lenses of variety in models of capitalism

After a synthetic presentation of the state of poverty and inequality in the world and the contradictions incurred by economic theory in this field after decades of globalization and in the midst of a persisting global crisis, in paragraphs 2. and 3. we outline the rational for our theoretical analysis, underlining two main aspects. First of all, in paragraph 2. we recall the reasons which makes inequality a multidimensional phenomenon, while in paragraph 3. we explore the reasons why the models of capitalism theory is relevant for studying multidimensional inequality. These paragraphs emphasise that inequality is a multidimensional and cumulative phenomenon and it should not be conceived only as the result of the processes of personal and functional distribution of income and wealth, which even by themselves are intrinsically multidimensional. The basic idea is that institutions, the cobweb of relations among them and their interaction with the economic structure define the model of capitalism which characterises a specific country and this, in turn, affects the level and the dynamics of inequality. This approach is consistent with the sociological approach by Rehbein and Souza (2014), based on the analytical framework developed by Pierre Bourdieu. In paragraph 4. we outline the rational for our empirical analysis, applying the notion of institutional complementarity and examining the relationship between institutional complementarity, models of capitalism and inequality. Besides, refining Amable’s analysis (2003), we provide empirical evidence on the relationship between inequality in income distribution and models of capitalism. Additionally, basing on cluster analysis, we identify six different models of capitalism in a sample of OECD countries, provide preliminary evidence on the different level of inequality which characterises each model and suggest that no evidence supports of the idea that a single model of capitalism is taking shape in this sphere in EU. In paragraph 5. we give some hints about issues in search for a new interpretation capable to fasten together the process of increasing inequality, the notion of symbolic violence and the models of capitalism theory. In the last paragraph we focus on conclusions useful for carrying on our research agenda.
The Effect of Circuit Resistance Training on Plasma Concentration of Endothelin-1, Nitric Oxide and Vascular Diameter in Elderly Men

Background: aging is associated with an increase in vascular dysfunction but it can be prevented by exercise training. However, the effect of circuit resistance training as a useful training method in improving cardio-respiratory and muscular strength is unclear. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CRT on plasma endothelin-1, nitric oxide (NO) and vascular size in aged men. Methods: Twenty healthy aged men (55± 5 year) were randomly divided into control and CRT groups. CRT group performed circuit resistance training with 40 60 one repetition maximum for twelve weeks (3 times per week). Vascular size, plasma endothelin-1 and NO, blood pressure and heart rate were measured forty eight hours before and after the training period. Results: CRT increased the vascular size and decreased endothelin-1 and systolic blood pressure compared to the pre-test; however, it had no effect on NO concentration and heart rate. In comparison with the control group, CRT significantly increased the vascular size and decreased endothelin-1 and blood pressure but there was no significant difference in NO concentration and heart rate between
Antibacterial Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Group A β-Hemolytic Streptococci with Macrolide Resistance Isolated from University Student Carriers in North of Iran

Background: The increase in the resistance of group A β -hemolytic streptococci ( GABHS ) to antibiotics is considered as a serious threat to human health. Objectives: The current study aimed at determining the antimicrobial eﬀect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on the growth of erythromycin-resistant GABHS harboring mef gene isolated from university student carriers. Methods: Thestudywasconductedon100healthystudentsfromIslamicAzadUniversity,GorganBranch. Specimenswerecollected from the nasopharyngeal region using sterile swab. After biochemical tests to identify GABHS , resistance to various antibiotics was determinedusingagardiskdiﬀusiontest(theKirby-Bauermethod). Theminimuminhibitoryconcentration(MIC)of erythromycin wasalsodeterminedbybrothmicro-dilutiontest. Themacrolideresistancegene( mefA )wasidentiﬁedbypolymerasechainreaction (PCR) using speciﬁc primers, and the antibacterial properties of ZnONP s were evaluated by agar-well diﬀusion method. The data were analyzed by chi-square and ANOVA tests (P < 0.001). Results: In the current study, the frequency of GABHS carriers was reported 11%. The highest amount of bacterial resistance was cor-relatedwitherythromycinwiththefrequencyof 45.4%. Also,91% of theisolatedstreptococciweresusceptibletocefazolin,followed by cefalexin (82%), penicillin (73%), and amoxicillin (46%). Besides, 43% of the erythromycin-resistant isolates had the MIC of ≥ 1 µ g/mL. Fromtheﬁveisolatesresistanttoerythromycin,60% harboredthe mefA gene. Theresultsof agar-welldiﬀusiontestshowed that 40% of the strains, which were resistant to erythromycin and harbored mefA gene, were inactivated in the concentration of 50 mg/mL of ZnONPs, and the rest were also inactivated in the concentration of 100 mg/mL. Conclusions: The ZnONPs used in the current study had a high antimicrobial activity against all GABHS isolates that were resistant to erythromycin. It was revealed that the bactericidal property increased upon increasing the concentration of the nanoparticles.
Characterization of Rubber Seed Shell and Kernel (Hevea brasiliensis) as Raw Materials for Co-liquefaction with Low Rank Coal

sam-Abstract The present study focuses on characterization of two biomass samples namely rubber seed shell (RSS) and rubber seed kernel (RSK), as potential raw materials for co-liquefaction with Mukah Balingian low rank Malaysian coal. The physical and chemical characteristics of the biomass samples such as proximate and ultimate analyses, number of extractives, holocellulose and hemicelluloses content, calorific value, bio-oil yield and pyrolysis behavior were determined. Apparently, RSK was found to be more suitable as co-liquefaction material with Mukah Balingian coal due to its high carbon (64.5wt%), high volatile matter (92.4wt%) content, and high percent yield of bio-oil (33.1wt%). Further, the pyrolysis thermogram indicated that RSK contained higher lignified material than RSS. Moreover, RSK exhibits higher calorific value with comparison to RSS and coal.
Evaluation of the Use of Different Solvents for Phytochemical Constituents, Antioxidants, and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Severinia buxifolia

Severinia buxifolia (Rutaceae) is a promising source of bioactive compounds since it has been traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases. The present study aimed at evaluating the impact of different solvents on extraction yields, phytochemical constituents and antioxidants, and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of S. buxifolia. The results showed that the used solvents took an important role in the yield of extraction, the content of chemical components, and the tested biological activities. Methanol was identified as the most effective solvent for the extraction, resulting in the highest extraction yield (33.2%) as well as the highest content of phenolic (13.36 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoid (1.92 mg QE/g DW), alkaloid (1.40 mg AE/g DW), and terpenoids (1.25%, w/w). The extract obtained from methanol exhibited high capacity of antioxidant (IC50 value of 16.99 μg/mL) and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity (i.e., albumin denaturation: IC50 = 28.86 μg/mL; antiproteinase activity: IC50 = 414.29 μg/mL; and membrane stabilization: IC50 = 319 μg/mL). The antioxidant activity of the S. buxifolia extract was found to be 3-fold higher than ascorbic acid, and the anti-inflammatory activity of S. buxifolia extract was comparable to aspirin. Therefore, methanol is recommended as the optimal solvent to obtain high content of phytochemical constituents as well as high antioxidants and in vitro anti-inflammatory constituents from the branches of S. buxifolia for utilization in pharmacognosy.
Analysis algorithm for sky type and ice halo recognition in all-sky images

Abstract. Halo displays, in particular the 22∘ halo, have been captured in long time series of images obtained from total sky imagers (TSIs) at various Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) sites. Halo displays form if smooth-faced hexagonal ice crystals are present in the optical path. We describe an image analysis algorithm for long time series of TSI images which scores images with respect to the presence of 22∘ halos. Each image is assigned an ice halo score (IHS) for 22∘ halos, as well as a photographic sky type (PST), which differentiates cirrostratus (PST-CS), partially cloudy (PST-PCL), cloudy (PST-CLD), or clear (PST-CLR) within a near-solar image analysis area. The color-resolved radial brightness behavior of the near-solar region is used to define the discriminant properties used to classify photographic sky type and assign an ice halo score. The scoring is based on the tools of multivariate Gaussian analysis applied to a standardized sun-centered image produced from the raw TSI image, following a series of calibrations, rotation, and coordinate transformation. The algorithm is trained based on a training set for each class of images. We present test results on halo observations and photographic sky type for the first 4 months of the year 2018, for TSI images obtained at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) ARM site. A detailed comparison of visual and algorithm scores for the month of March 2018 shows that the algorithm is about 90 % reliable in discriminating the four photographic sky types and identifies 86 % of all visual halos correctly. Numerous instances of halo appearances were identified for the period January through April 2018, with persistence times between 5 and 220 min. Varying by month, we found that between 9 % and 22 % of cirrostratus skies exhibited a full or partial 22∘ halo.
Nuclear Transplantation: Intracellular Release and Extracellular Influx of Calcium in Response to Electrofusion Pulse and Its Effect on Murine Oocyte Activation and Embryonic Development.

The transplantation of early embryonic cell nuclei into oocytes in which the maternal chromosomes have been removed is a method by which multiple offspring of the same genotype can be produced. One critical factor required for successful development of nuclear transfer derived embryos is inducing the release of the recipient ooplasm from meiotic arrest (activation). This is accomplished during fusion of the two cells. The DC electrofusion pulse used to fuse the two cells together also activates the recipient ooplasm to resume meiotic events, however, the efficiency of electrofusion pulse induced activation remains low. It is known that activation of the oocyte at fertilization is associated with an increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]j). A series of experiments were designed to look at changes in [Ca2+j; in murine oocytes after application of a DC electrofusion pulse and its effect on oocyte activation and embryonic development. Oocytes and pronuclear embryos were subjected to the electrofusion pulse in six fusion media consisting of nonelectrolyte (0.3 M mannitol) and electrolyte (phosphate buffered saline, PBS) media containing 0.0,0.05 or 0.9 mM Ca2+. Significantly (P<0.01) higher [Ca2+]; levels were observed in oocytes pulsed in media containing 0.9 mM Ca2+. An experiment was then designed to test the effect of the three levels of Ca2+ on oocyte activation. Oocytes pulsed in media containing 0.9 mM Ca2+ exhibited significantly higher rates of activation (P<0.01). When 25 pM inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) was added to Ca2+-free media, a series of [Ca2+]i oscillations similar to that found in fertilized oocytes, was observed. Additional experiments were designed to test the rate of fusion of 2-cell embryos subjected to the six fusion media. Significantly higher rates of fusion were obtained in PBS medium than 0.3 M mannitol (P<0.05). The fusion treatments were then applied to pronuclear stage embryos to determine the effect on in vitro development. No difference in rate of development was observed between fusion media (P>0.05). In addition, no difference in in vitro development to the blastocyst stage of pronuclear transplanted embryos was observed after fusion in 0.3 M mannitol and PBS, each containing 0.9 mM Ca2+.