Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Planification de traitement en radiothérapie stéréotaxique par rayonnement synchrotron. Développement et validation d'un module de calcul de dose par simulations Monte Carlo

La radiotherapie stereotaxique par rayonnement synchrotron (SSRT) est une technique innovante utilisant un faisceau synchrotron de rayons X monochromatiques entre 50 et 100 keV. Une augmentation de dose par prise de contraste est obtenue localement par effet photoelectrique sur unelement lourd injecte dans le volume cible (tumeur cerebrale). Des essais cliniques de SSRT sont encours de preparation a l’ESRF (etablissement europeen de rayonnement synchrotron). Un systemede planification de traitement (TPS) est necessaire pour le calcul de l’energie deposee au patient(dose) pendant le traitement. Une version dediee du TPS ISOgray a donc ete developpee. Ce travaildecrit l’adaptation du TPS realisee, particulierement au niveau du module de simulation virtuelleet de dosimetrie. Pour un calcul de dose, le TPS utilise une simulation Monte Carlo specifique desphotons polarises et de basse energie. Les simulations sont realisees depuis la source synchrotron,a travers toute la geometrie de la ligne de lumiere modelisee et dans le patient. Pour ce calcul, desmateriaux specifiques ont ete notamment ajoutes pour la modelisation voxelisee du patient, afin deprendre en compte la presence d’iode dans certains tissus. Le processus de calcul Monte Carlo a eteoptimise en vitesse et precision. De plus, un calcul des doses absolues et des temps d’irradiation,particulier a la SSRT, a ete ajoute au TPS. Grâce a des mesures de rendements, profils de dose, etdoses absolues, realisees a l’ESRF en cuve a eau et en fantome solide avec ou sans couche d’os, lecalcul de dose du TPS a ete valide pour la SSRT.
Representation of music genres based on the spectro-temporal modulation responses of the human brain

Music genre is an essential category for understanding human musical preferences and is provided based on the abstract categorization upon complex auditory stimuli. Previous neuroimaging studies have reported the involvement of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) in response to general music-related features. However, it remains largely unclear how abstract categories of music genre are represented in the brain and what acoustic features are more suited for explaining such representations. Here we examined comprehensive cortical representations and functional organization of music genres using 540 music clips. We applied a voxel-wise modeling approach to music-evoked brain activity measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We observed distinct cortical organizations for different music genres in the bilateral STG, which revealed the representational relationship between various music genres, e.g., classical and hip-hop music showed opposite representations. Representations of music genres were largely explained by spectro-temporal modulation, which was modeled by a biologically plausible spectro-temporal modulation-transfer function (MTF) model. Our results elucidate the quantitative representation of music genres in the human cortex and indicate the possibility of modeling our abstract categorization of complex auditory stimuli based on the brain activity. Significance statement Music genre is an essential category for understanding human preferences of music. However, it is largely unknown how abstract categories of music genre are represented in the brain. Here, we examined comprehensive cortical representations of music genres by building voxel-wise models of fMRI data collected while human subjects listened to 540 music clips. We found distinct cortical organizations for various music genres in the bilateral STG. Such genre-specific cortical organization was explained by the biologically plausible MTF model. The current study elucidates the quantitative representation of music genres in the human cortex for the first time and indicates the possibility of modeling our abstract categorization of complex auditory stimuli based on the brain activity.
The genomic geography and evolution of clusters of tandemly duplicated genes in the human and mammal genomes

Clusters of duplicated genes (CTDGs) are nearly ubiquitous in life’s genomes, and are associated with several well-known gene families, such as olfactory receptors, zinc fingers, and immunity-related genes, as well as with several highly variable traits, including olfaction, body plan architecture, and pathogen resistance. However, these observations are usually anecdotal, restricted to specific cases, and lacking evolutionary context. In this study, we use a robust statistical approach to characterize the CTDG repertoire and analyze the distribution of CTDGs across 18 mammal genomes, including human. We found that, on average, 18% of the genes in each species are parts of CTDGs. Although genes in CTDGs are enriched for several biological processes, these tend to be involved in the interactions between the organism and its environment. We further found that mammalian CTDGs are not uniformly distributed across chromosomes and that orthologs of the human chromosome 19 are among the most clustered chromosomes in nearly all mammalian genomes analyzed. We also found evidence that the human chromosome 19 was formed by a fusion event that occurred before the diversification of the rodent and primate lineages and maintained its high density of CTDGs during its subsequent evolution. Finally, using chromosome-level alignments across mammalian genomes, we show how the syntenic regions of the human chromosome 19 have been shrinking, increasing their gene density and possibly increasing the compactness of its CTDGs. These results suggest that CTDGs are a major feature of mammalian genomes and provide novel insights into the origin and evolution of regions with unusually high densities of CTDGs.
PRH1 mediates ARF7-LBD dependent auxin signaling to regulate lateral root development in Arabidopsis thaliana

The development of lateral roots in Arabidopsis thaliana is strongly dependent on signaling directed by the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR7 (ARF7), which in turn activates LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) transcription factors (LBD16, 18, 29 and 33). Here, the product of PRH1, a PR-1 homolog annotated previously as encoding a pathogen-responsive protein, was identified as a target of ARF7-mediated auxin signaling and also as participating in the development of lateral roots. PRH1 was shown to be strongly induced by auxin treatment, and plants lacking a functional copy of PRH1 formed fewer lateral roots. The transcription of PRH1 was controlled by the binding of both ARF7 and LBDs to its promoter region. An interaction was detected between PRH1 and GATA23, a protein which regulates cell identity in lateral root founder cells. Author Summary In Arabidopsis thaliana AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR7 (ARF7)-mediated auxin signaling plays a key role in lateral roots (LRs) development. The LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) transcription factors (LBD16, 18, 29 and 33) act downstream of ARF7-mediated auxin signaling to control LRs formation. Here, the PR-1 homolog PRH1 was identified as a novel target of both ARF7 and LBDs (especially the LBD29) during auxin induced LRs formation, as both ARF7 and LBDs were able to bind to the PRH1 promoter. More interestingly, PRH1 has a physical interaction with GATA23, which has been also reported to be up-regulated by auxin and influences LR formation through its regulation of LR founder cell identity. Whether the interaction between GATA23 and PRH1 affects the stability and/or the activity of either (or both) of these proteins remains an issue to be explored. This study provides improves new insights about how auxin regulates lateral root development.
Assimilation of marine-derived nutrients from anadromous Rainbow Smelt in an eastern North American riverine food web: evidence from stable-isotope and fatty acid analysis

Movement of anadromous fishes from marine to freshwater habitats provides a seasonal pulse of marine-derived nutrients (MDNs) to freshwater biota. In northeastern North America, iteroparous, anadromous Rainbow Smelt (Osmerus mordax Mitchell, 1814) migrate in high densities to freshwater spawning grounds in early spring. To assess whether 1) MDNs from migratory Rainbow Smelt were incorporated into multiple trophic levels and 2) total fatty acid (FA) compositions of Brook Trout changed during the Rainbow Smelt migration, we compared stable 13C and 15N isotope values and FA profiles of biota in the Pisquid River, Prince Edward Island, Canada. We sampled periphyton, benthic macroinvertebrates, and stream-resident Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchell, 1814) at a downstream site encompassing Rainbow Smelt spawning grounds and an upstream site inaccessible to Rainbow Smelt. During the Rainbow Smelt migration at the downstream site, predatory caddisflies (Rhyacophilidae) and Brook Trout displayed a 3.1‰ and 1.3‰ increase in δ13C and δ15N, respectively, relative to isotope levels before the migration. Less consistent evidence of MDN assimilation was found in periphyton and nonpredatory macroinvertebrates (Heptageniidae, Elmidae). Increases in δ13C values for Rhyacophilidae and Brook Trout indicated direct consumption of tissue, most probably eggs based on limited stomach content analysis in Brook Trout. FA composition differed between Rainbow Smelt and Brook Trout sampled down- and upstream. Transfer of marine ω-3 FAs was evidenced by statistically similar amounts of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid between Rainbow Smelt and Brook Trout sampled on spawning grounds. We found connections between Rainbow Smelt-based MDNs and stream food webs and a nutritional benefit to Brook Trout.
PENGARUH ISI PESAN FACEBOOK DAN INSTAGRAM @actforhumanity TERHADAP CITRA AKSI CEPAT TANGGAP (ACT) DI MATA PUBLIK

This thesis aims to determine the effect of the content of messages on social media on the image of Aksi Cepat Tanggap (ACT) in the public. The theory used in this thesis is the uses and effect theory which was first conceived by Sven Windhal (1979), which is a synthesis between the uses and gratifications theory and traditional theories about effects. The method used in this study is quantitative by collecting data through questionnaire surveys to followers of ACT's Facebook and Instagram accounts and equipped with literature. The number of respondents from Facebook and Instagram is 100 people each. From the questionnaire and data processing results, it was found that the majority of followers of ACT's social media accounts were of productive age. The contents of the message on ACT's Facebook account are known to affect the image in the public by 76.7%, while in the Instagram account ACT the message content affects the image by 83.7%. The rest are variables that influence but are not examined by researchers. On Facebook accounts, the message format does not significantly affect ACT's image in the public. On Instagram, the overall dimensions of the message content affect the image of ACT in the public. Keywords: Effect of Message Content, Image, Aksi Cepat Tanggap (ACT), Social Media, Facebook, Instagram, Uses and Effect Theory Tesis ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh isi pesan di media sosial terhadap citra Aksi Cepat Tanggap (ACT) di mata publik. Teori yang digunakan dalam tesis ini adalah uses and effect theory yang digagas pertama kali oleh Sven Windhal (1979), yang merupakan sintesis antara teori uses and gratifications dan teori tradisional mengenai efek. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui survey quesioner kepada para followers akun Facebook dan Instagram ACT serta dilengkapi dengan studi pustaka. Jumlah responden dari Facebook maupun Instagram adalah masing-masing 100 orang. Dari hasil quesioner dan pengolahan data, diperoleh hasil bahwa mayoritas followers akun media sosial ACT adalah kalangan usia produktif. Isi pesan di akun Facebook ACT diketahui memengaruhi citra di mata publik sebesar 76,7%, sedangkan di akun Instagram ACT isi pesan memengaruhi citra sebesar 83,7%. Sisanya, adalah variabel yang memengaruhi namun tidak diteliti oleh peneliti. Di akun Facebook, format pesan tidak signifikan memengaruhi citra ACT di mata publik. Sedangkan di Instagram, keseluruhan dimensi isi pesan memengaruhi citra ACT di mata publik. Kata Kunci : Pengaruh Isi Pesan, Citra, Aksi Cepat Tanggap (ACT), Media Sosial, Facebook, Instagram, Uses and Effect Theory.
Theoretical lateral and axial sensitivity limits and choices of molecular reporters for Cherenkov-excited luminescence in tissue during x-ray beam scanning

Abstract. Purpose: Unlike fluorescence imaging utilizing an external excitation source, Cherenkov emissions and Cherenkov-excited luminescence occur within a medium when irradiated with high-energy x-rays. Methods to improve the understanding of the lateral spread and axial depth distribution of these emissions are needed as an initial step to improve the overall system resolution. Methods: Monte Carlo simulations were developed to investigate the lateral spread of thin sheets of high-energy sources and compared to experimental measurements of similar sources in water. Additional simulations of a multilayer skin model were used to investigate the limits of detection using both 6- and 18-MV x-ray sources with fluorescence excitation for inclusion depths up to 1 cm. Results: Simulations comparing the lateral spread of high-energy sources show approximately 100 × higher optical yield from electrons than photons, although electrons showed a larger penumbra in both the simulations and experimental measurements. Cherenkov excitation has a roughly inverse wavelength squared dependence in intensity but is largely redshifted in excitation through any distance of tissue. The calculated emission spectra in tissue were convolved with a database of luminescent compounds to produce a computational ranking of potential Cherenkov-excited luminescence molecular contrast agents. Conclusions: Models of thin x-ray and electron sources were compared with experimental measurements, showing similar trends in energy and source type. Surface detection of Cherenkov-excited luminescence appears to be limited by the mean free path of the luminescence emission, where for the given simulation only 2% of the inclusion emissions reached the surface from a depth of 7 mm in a multilayer tissue model.
Individual Interest in E-Wallet Go-pay Transactions As Payment Services (Study on Students of Economics and Business Faculty of State Univeristies in Malang City)

In this era of globalization, the development of information and technology causes some changes in economic system, in particular the method of payment. This study aims to examine the interest of individuals in making payments through e-wallet by using seven constructs adopted from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) namely: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitudes, perceived security, individual intention to use behavior; one construct from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), namely social influence; and one construct of trust that is trust in e-wallet. Through a quantitative approach and data acquisition techniques using survey methods, this study examined 240 students from economics and business faculty of state universities student in Malang City. The results of this study indicate that attitude, social influence, perceived security and trust have a positive effect towards individual’s intention to use e-wallet Go-pay and intention to use have positive effect towards use behavior. Furthermore, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use also have positive effect towards attitude. On the other hand, informal learning has no positive effect towards individual’s intention to use e-wallet Go-pay. The results of this study are expected to provide input to the e-wallet company application services to pay attention to the features that related to the usage behavior, usage benefit, ease of use, security, trust and social influence for developing and marketing e-wallet Go-pay products. It is because the features are proven to be able to attract consumers to use e-wallet application such as Go-pay. Keywords: Attitude, Intention to Use, Use Behavior, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Social influence, Perceived Security, Trust, Informal Learning.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the Zhijiang duck and its phylogenetic analyses

Abstract Zhijiang duck (ZJ) is one of the famous indigenous breed of Hunan province in China. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence plays an important role in the accurate determination of phylogenetic relationships among metazoans. It is the first time that the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the ZJ was reported. The total length of the mtDNA is 16,604 bp. It contains the typical structure, including 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and 1 non-coding control region (D-loop region). The overall composition of the mtDNA was estimated to be 29.22% for A, 22.20% for T, 32.82% for C, and 15.77% for G. Phylogenetic analyses using N-J computational algorithms showed that the analyzed 20 Anseriform species are divided into four major clades: Anatinae, Anserinae, Dendrocygninae, and Anseranatidae. In addition, our work confirmed that ZJ and Anas poecilorhyncha have a close genetic relationship with fellow tribal members Linwu duck and Youxian duck. Meanwhile, we also found that ZJ and A. poecilorhyncha have highly similar genetic relationship. This work will provides an important data set for the study in the genetic mechanism of duck in Hunan province.
Buffered versus unbuffered local anesthesia for inferior alveolar nerve block injections in children: a systematic review

Background The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of buffered and unbuffered local anesthesia solutions during inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) administration in children. Methods PubMed, Ovid SP, and Cochrane databases were searched separately by two independent reviewers for potential papers published between 1980 and April 2020 using relevant MeSH terms and pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. T Studies of IANB administration in children comparing buffered and unbuffered local anesthesia solutions were evaluated. The primary outcome evaluated was pain (perception and reaction), while the secondary outcome was the onset of anesthesia. Results A total of five articles were included in a qualitative analysis; among them, four qualified for quantitative analysis of the primary outcome and three for quantitative analysis of the secondary outcome. A fixed-effects model was used to perform the meta-analysis. Pain perception (child-reported pain): Significantly lower pain scores were reported with buffered local anesthesia solution than with unbuffered solution (P = 0.006, MD: −0.32, 95% CI: −0.55 to −0.09). Pain reaction (observer-reported pain reaction in child): No significant difference was found between buffered and unbuffered solution in terms of observer-reported pain behavior in the child (P = 0.09, MD: −0.21, 95% CI: −0.46 to 0.04). Onset of anesthesia: A significantly lower duration of anesthesia onset was reported with buffered local anesthesia solution than with unbuffered solution (P = 0.00001, MD: −12.38, 95% CI: −17.64 to −7.13]. Conclusion Buffering local anesthesia solution may reduce discomfort due to IANB injection administration and lower the initial onset time of anesthesia. More randomized control trials with adequate sample sizes should be carried out to validate the accuracy of these results.
Evaluation of the nutritional value of selected leafy vegetables grown in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is blessed with a wide variety of leafy vegetables. However, the information on their nutritional value is scanty. In the present study, ten leafy vegetables commonly grown in Sri Lanka, namely Centella asiatica (Gotukola), Alternanthera sessilis (Weda Mukunuwenna), Alternanther asessilis (Common Mukunuwenna), Sesbania grandiflora (Kathurumurunga), Amaranthus viridis (Red thampala), Amaranthus viridis (Green Thampala), Dregea volubilis (Aguna kola), Coccinia grandis (Kowakka), Costus speciosus (Thebu kola) and Trianthema portulacastrum (Sarana) were evaluated for their nutritional composition. Samples of each vegetable species were collected from different geographical locations of the country representing all agro-climatic zones. Healthy, undamaged plant parts were collected, cleaned and air dried at 45 °C, pooled in similar quantities and stored at 4 °C for further analysis. The proximate and mineral composition of each sample were determined and presented on fresh weight basis. Moisture, ash, crude fat, crude protein and total carbohydrate contents were determined using AOAC standard methods. The moisture content ranged between 76.99 and 89.55% while the crude protein content ranged between 1.73 and 7.17%. The corresponding ranges for ash, total carbohydrates and crude fat were 1.28 – 3.86%, 4.41 – 10.76% and 0.29 – 1.81%, respectively. Comparatively, A. viridis was found to be the richest (P
Enhanced Removal of Heavy Metals from Water by Hydrous Ferric Oxide-Modified Biochar

Biochar has become an attractive adsorbent for heavy metal removal, but its application potential is very limited because of the relatively low adsorption capacity and poor selectivity. In the present study, we decorated the biochar (BC) by impregnating hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) within the pore of biochar and consequently obtained a new hybrid adsorbent denoted as HFO-BC. The results show HFO-BC exhibited excellent performance to two representative heavy metals, i.e., Cd(II) and Cu(II), with maximal experimental sorption capacities of 29.9 mg/g for Cd(II) and 34.1 mg/g for Cu(II). HFO-BC showed satisfactory anti-interference ability for Cd(II) and Cu(II) removal in the presence of high levels of Ca(II) and Mg(II) owing to the specific inner-sphere complexation between the immobilized HFO and Cd(II) and Cu(II), which was probed by XPS analysis. Cd(II) and Cu(II) removal onto HFO-BC experienced two distinct stages prior to be adsorbed, i.e., migration from solution to the outside surface of adsorbent and pore diffusion and approached equilibrium within 100 min. In the laboratory-scale small column adsorption experiment, HFO-BC can generate ∼129 and 300 BV effluents for Cd(II) and Cu(II), equivalent to 774- and 1854-fold of its own weight, to meet their treatment standards. Moreover, the exhausted HFO-BC can be effectively regenerated using HCl–CaCl2 binary solution with a desorption rate more than 95%. All results validate that impregnating HFO inside the pores of BC is a promising approach to promote the practical applicability of BC for removing heavy metals from the polluted water.
Clinical and strategic outcomes of metastatic synovial sarcoma on limb

Objective: Synovial sarcoma (SS) is one of the most frequent malignant soft-tissue tumors, and nearly 65% arise in the lower extremities. Survival prediction and the risk factors of the patients are poorly understood. Thus, this study examined the survival and prognostic variables of metastatic limb SS (LSS). Methods: Clinical data of LSS patients with metastasis at the presentation from 1975 to 2017 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database program database. Kaplan–Meier method was used to describe the survival curves. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were conducted to reveal the real prognostic predictors. Results: Male predominance was observed in the metastatic LSS group from a total number of 217 patients. This population was composed of 49.8% not other specified subtype, 32.7% spindle cell subtype, 17.1% biphasic subtype, and 0.5% epithelioid cell subtype. The 3-year overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates of the entire group were 27.2% and 28.3%, respectively. Tumor size <10 cm, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were calculated as independent predictors of improved OS and CSS by multivariate analyses. Conclusion: SS is still a disease with a poor prognosis. This can increase the survival rate and time by the well-planned treatment.