Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performing Communicative Language Teaching in Mandarin Mobile Learning

Students should be able to develop their communication abilities instead of just concentrating on translation methods. As a result, Communicative Teaching Language (CLT) had become the most favored approach to achieving the verbal goal as it was known as the most effective strategy to enhance learners' communicative competence. However, it was not a one-size-fits-all approach, and language instructors were advised to integrate educational technology to develop learning for students. Hence, CLT Mandarin mobile learning via personal action research was conducted to determine the extent of the approach on students' oral learning attainment, attitudes, and learners' recommendations during the learning process. The communicative task used in this study was Chatting to Mandarin Native Speakers programme. Pre- and post-oral assessments had been conducted in response to research inquiries. In verifying the reliability and validity of the study, data were triangulated through students' oral assessments, Students' Diaries, Self-Reflective Journals and Focus Group Interviews. The outcomes showed that students enjoyed the activity and improved their confidence and oral competence. Also, they suggested that there should be more language activities. The findings indicated that, when designing CLT technology-integrated projects, an instructor needed to consider students' learning preferences which make the project a success.
Single-cell analysis using Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy

ABSTRACT Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a well-established, non-destructive method of obtaining chemical information from biological samples such as tissues and cells. This review focuses specifically on the development of infrared spectroscopic microanalysis at the single-cell level. Technological developments, including that of the infrared microscope, synchrotron radiation FTIR, and focal plane array detectors, and their impact on the field are discussed along with the various data processing procedures that are currently used to extract meaningful information. There is then an emphasis on live cell infrared (IR) imaging, including developments in water correction and microfluidic device design. The review concludes with look to future directions, highlighting the potential impact of quantum cascade lasers.
Isolation and Identification of Staphylococcus Aureus from Dairy Farms in Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was conducted from February, 2020 to March, 2020 in selected dairy farms in Bishoftu Town to isolate and identify Staphylococcus aureus from milk samples, swab (teat swab, tank swab and bucket swab) samples. The samples were transported to microbiology laboratory and, isolation and identification of an organism was based on morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. Accordingly a total of 120 samples of them 58 milk sample, 58 polled teat swab sample, 2 polled tank swab sample and 2 polled bucket swab samples. Those milk samples and swab sample were collected and cultured parallel on both Blood agar and nutrient agar. Out of total samples 68/120 were well grown on both Medias and sub cultured on nutrient agar for farther identification using Primary and secondary biochemical tests. Accordingly, 68 milk samples were shown typical large, round, golden yellow colonies with hemolysis when grown on blood agar, round shaped grape like clusters are seen under microscope after stained with grams stain, and catalase positive Staphylococcus aureus with bubble formation is observed and typical yellow pigmentation on mannitol salt agar which is selective media for genus Staphylococcus. Finally, 68(56.67%) Staphylococcus aureus were identified with coagulase test with the clumping result observed. Hence, implementing hygiene conditions, creation of awareness on control and prevention of subclinical mastitis in dairy farms and conducting drug sensitivity test for Staphylococcus aureus is recommended.
Customer Preference of Attributes of Skema Wooden Chair Furniture

The purpose of this research was to find the preferred combination of attributes regarding wooden chair furniture. The subject of this research was Skema Furniture, a Surabaya-based furniture developer since 2016. Variables in this research were acquired through a pre-survey with twenty of Skema Furniture's previous customers. The attributes were form, seat cushion, customization and wood finish. The form attribute had two levels: curvilinear and rectilinear. The seat cushion attribute had two levels: using a seat cushion and not using a seat cushion. The customization attribute had two levels: the ability to customize and otherwise. The wood finish attribute had two levels: natural finish and solid color finish. Conjoint analysis was used. The sample of 134 people were past consumers of Skema Furniture from the age of 25 to 54. The sample needed for this research, using the Slovin formula, with a 0.05 error tolerance, was around 100 people. The research was conducted via an online survey, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This research concluded that the most preferred wooden chair furniture was that with a curvilinear form, without a seat cushion, able to be customized, and with a solid color finish. The variables that were most important for the consumers were wood finish and form. This study only describes the preferences of the buyer and user of the furniture chair products. The wooden chair furniture in this research is not specified to any function of a chair.
Low Temperature Induces Infectious Nonresuscitatable VBNC Cells in Ralstonia Pseudosolanacearum

Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum and other members of Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) causes the disease bacterial wilt in many crops of economic importance. The organism is known to form Viable But Non Culturable cells (VBNC). VBNCs resuscitate invitro during the “resuscitation window” period and are infectious Previous studies have identified nonresuscitatable VBNCs in various bacterial genus including RSSC, however their infectivity was not elucidated and described. In this work, VBNCs of two Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum strains were generated by exposing the microcosms to psychrophilic stress, UV-C radiation and 70% isopropanol. Both resuscitatable and nonresuscitatable VBNCs were observed in psychrophilic and UV-C stressed microcosms. The nonresuscitatable VBNCs generated at psychrophilic temperature were found infective. Based on resuscitation properties, nonresuscitatable VBNCs can be considered as a different VBNC type from resuscitatable VBNCs.
The flexibility gamble: challenges for mainstreaming flexible approaches to climate change adaptation

ABSTRACT Adaptive and flexible approaches based on implementing different measures as new information emerges have been proposed as a way of enabling robustness towards uncertain future climate change. However, the success of flexible approaches in practice depends on the stability of the relevant organizational landscapes. In this paper, we draw upon key insights from the institutional theories of organizations and research on public administration and climate adaptation in Sweden. We argue that potential organizational instabilities pose a substantial challenge for the mainstreaming of flexible approaches to climate adaptation. Given the unstable character of the relevant organizational landscape in a very stable country such as Sweden, it seems reasonable to also seriously doubt the capacity of the relevant authorities in less stable countries to carry out a great number of monitoring-intensive, and hence attention-demanding, adaptive governance processes over time. Based on our results we argue that it is perilous to simply assume that flexible approaches to climate adaptation will lead to greater robustness.
The Impact of Foreign Capital Inflows on Agriculture Development and Poverty Reduction: Panel Data Analysis for Developing Countries

Combating poverty through the development of agricultural production and providing rural people with new employment and income opportunities in agriculture has become one of the major concerns of both policymakers and scholars worldwide. In many developing countries, government policies have failed to achieve the desired poverty alleviation goals due to the lack of financial resources. Despite that, few comprehensive studies have so far unambiguously identified the effects of the exogenous factor of capital inflows on the level of poverty and agriculture development. In this paper, the authors attempt to shed light on the poverty–agriculture–capital trilemma pattern by revealing the impacts of different types of capital inflows on the parameters of poverty reduction and agriculture development. The panel unit root test and pool mean group estimation techniques were employed for observing the short-term and long-term linkages between dependent and explanatory variables across fourteen developing economies of Latin America, Asia, and Eastern Europe. It was revealed that poverty reduction could be positively affected by an increase in the values of agricultural exports, foreign direct investment, foreign development assistance, and remittances received from migrant workers. The level of agriculture could be improved by deeper integration of developing economies to global food supply chains as either suppliers or consumers of food and agricultural products.
The Effect of Leadership, Motivation, and Organizational Culture on the Performance of Employees of PT X

Employee performance is the work of an employee, a management process or an organization as a whole, where the results of the work must be demonstrated concretely and measurably (compared to predetermined standards). Factors suspected of affecting employee performance are leadership, motivation and organizational culture. This study aimed to explain the relationship between leadership, motivation and organizational culture on employee performance. A quantitative method was used with data collection in the form of a questionnaire and supported by secondary data in the form of interviews. Subjects in this study were permanent employees at PT X. Research subjects totaling 119 employees were sampled in this study. The analysis technique used was multiple regression path analysis. Leadership did not have a significant effect on employee performance while motivation and organizational culture did. Based on the results of this study, PT X is expected to maintain the condition of employees who already have high work motivation and good organizational culture, so that it will improve employee performance. The company is also expected to pay attention to providing training, especially leadership training, to improve employee leadership abilities or competencies, and rewards to each employee as a means of increasing employee performance. Keywords: leadership, motivation, organizational culture, employee performance
Extensive Frost Weathering Across Unglaciated North America During the Last Glacial Maximum

In unglaciated terrain, the imprint of past glacial periods is difficult to discern. The topographic signature of periglacial processes, such as solifluction lobes, may be erased or hidden by time and vegetation, and thus their import diminished. Belowground, periglacial weathering, particularly frost cracking, may have imparted a profound influence on weathering and erosion rates during past climate regimes. By combining a mechanical frost‐weathering model with the full suite of Last Glacial Maximum climate simulations, we elucidate the meters‐deep magnitude and continent‐spanning expanse of frost weathering across unglaciated North America at ∼21 ka. The surprising extent of modeled frost weathering suggests, by proxy, the broad legacy of diverse periglacial processes. Complementing previous studies that championed the role of precipitation‐driven changes in Critical Zone evolution, our results imply an additional strong temperature control on surficial process efficacy across much of modern North America, both during glacial periods and modern climes.
Online Privacy Literacy and Online Privacy Behavior – The Role of Crystallized Intelligence and Personality

ABSTRACT It is mostly unclear which personal predispositions are associated with knowledge about how to protect one’s privacy online and actually protecting it. More elaborate knowledge on this topic may help in the design process of user interfaces. Therefore, we investigated person characteristics underlying individual differences in online privacy literacy and behavior. N = 1,073 (n = 500 men) participants completed the Online Privacy Literacy Scale, an Online Privacy Behavior Scale, the Big Five Inventory, and a test assessing crystallized intelligence in an online survey. Online privacy literacy and behavior were significantly, moderately positively related. Both were significantly positively related to crystallized intelligence. Online privacy behavior was additionally significantly positively related to Openness. The results give insights into individual factors associated with knowledge about online privacy settings and related behaviors. In addition, results can help optimizing design of user interfaces/assistive technologies that support (certain) users to implement their data protection rights.
Early Cretaceous Provenance, Sediment Dispersal, and Foreland Basin Development in Southwestern Montana, North American Cordillera

The Lower Cretaceous Kootenai Formation in western Montana records the onset of foredeep sedimentation in the Idaho‐Montana retroforeland basin of the North American Cordillera. Contrasting models for sediment dispersal during Early Cretaceous time have been proposed. We use sandstone petrography, large‐n (n = 600) detrital zircon U‐Pb geochronology, and mixture modeling to determine the provenance of the Kootenai Formation. These new data combined with additional data from the literature suggest three discrete provenance signatures. Type I sandstones are quartz‐rich with U‐Pb age peaks at ca. 158, 238, 410, 600, and 1,035 Ma; they were sourced from exhumed Jurassic continental strata and transported northward by axial drainages. Type II sandstones are lithic‐rich with U‐Pb age peaks at ca. 154, 166, 1,840, 1,920, 2,080, and 2,700 Ma; they were deposited by transverse rivers that drained exhumed lower‐middle Paleozoic strata from the Sevier belt. Type III sandstones contain feldspars and minor volcanic lithics with U‐Pb age spectra that are dominated by ca. 112 and 162 Ma ages; they were transported by transverse drainages that connected the hinterland of the orogen with the western Montana foreland. Based on provenance analysis of the Kootenai Formation, subtle Early Cretaceous thick‐skinned deformation in southwestern Montana did not exhume basement nor did it partition the foreland into locally sourced depocenters. Sediment sources for the western Montana foreland are consistent with those to the north in Alberta and different than southern Idaho. These data also provide insight into the translational history of terranes in the hinterland of the orogen during this time.
Higher Education for International Students in China: A Review of Policy from 1978 to 2020

By reviewing policies on higher education for international students, this article aims to investigate the change of social–historical context, policy issue, and policy solution and provide implications for policymaking. The study used qualitative text analysis. One hundred and twelve policy papers were collected from PKULAW database and Ministry of Education official website. Deductive categories were constructed under themes like social–historical context, policy issue, and policy solution separately. Four stages have emerged from the text analysis. The policy focus witnessed a shift from openness to expansion and then to quality. The policies made by central government changed a lot accordingly. China is increasingly active in higher education internationalization and eager to make the education for international students an attractive brand with high quality. To realize this target, policies should be made based on different types of international students. Additionally, it is necessary that policies provide detailed guidance and accelerate capacity building in all majors. This study contributes to existing knowledge of higher education for international students in China by providing qualitative policy text analysis and the insights gained from this study may be of assistance to policymaking in the future.
A mesoscopic digital twin that bridges length and time scales for control of additively manufactured metal microstructures

We present our recent development of an integrated mesoscale digital twin (DT) framework for relating processing conditions, microstructures, and mechanical responses of additively manufactured (AM) metals. In particular, focusing on the laser powder bed fusion technique, we describe how individual modeling and simulation capabilities are coupled to investigate and control AM microstructural features at multiple length and time scales. We review our prior case studies that demonstrate the integrated modeling schemes, in which high-fidelity melt pool dynamics simulations provide accurate local thermal profiles and histories to subsequent AM microstructure simulations. We also report our new mechanical response modeling results for predicted AM microstructures. In addition, we illustrate how our DT framework has been validated through modeling–experiment integration, as well as how it has been practically utilized to guide and analyze AM experiments. Finally, we share our perspectives on future directions of further development of the DT framework for more efficient, accurate predictions and wider ranges of applications.
Incoming Deaf College Students’ Sign Language Skills: Self-awareness and Intervention

ABSTRACT There are over 135,000 deaf/hard of hearing students enrolled in postsecondary institutions in the U.S. However, deaf students who use sign language may not be aware of their sign language skills, resulting in accommodations that do not provide full access to postsecondary course content and reduced degree completion rates compared to their typically hearing peers. We documented the receptive and expressive ASL skills and self-ratings of 59 incoming deaf college students. Then we developed and implemented a five-week high-dosage ASL intervention with a cohort of 14 students using a pretest-posttest design. About half of the cohort improved across ASL assessments after the intervention, although group mean score changes were not statistically significant. Students accurately self-rated their receptive and expressive sign language skills based on their assessment performance. We present suggestions and implications for ASL instruction at the postsecondary level to promote college readiness.
Language of instruction affects language interference in the third language

Abstract Applied linguistic work claims that multilinguals’ non-native languages interfere with one another based on similarities in cognitive factors like proficiency or age of acquisition. Two experiments explored how trilinguals regulate control of native- and non-native-language words. Experiment 1 tested 46 Dutch–English–French trilinguals in a monitoring task. Participants decided if phonemes were present in the target language name of a picture, phonemes of non-target language translations resulted in longer response times and more false alarms compared to phonemes not present in any translation (Colomé, 2001). The second language (English) interfered more than the first (Dutch) when trilinguals monitored in their third language (French). In Experiment 2, 95 bilinguals learned an artificial language to explore the possibility that the language from which a bilingual learns a third language provides practice managing known-language interference. Language of instruction modulated results, suggesting that learning conditions may reduce interference effects previously attributed to cognitive factors.
Socioeconomic Factors Contributing to Antibiotic Resistance in China: A Panel Data Analysis

The relationship between socioeconomic factors and antibiotic resistance (ABR) prevalence remains a knowledge gap in China. In this study, our aim was to examine the association between ABR prevalence and socioeconomic factors across 30 provinces in mainland China. We used two measures of level of ABR: the proportion of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli (3GCREC), and third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (3GCRKP), and the aggregate resistance. The data of ABR prevalence, education, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditure, physician density, hospital bed density, and public toilet density during 2014 and 2018 in 30 provinces in mainland China were included. We examined the association between ABR prevalence and potential contributing socioeconomic factors using panel data modeling. In addition, we explored this relationship in the eastern, central, and western economic zones. Our results indicated that GDP per capita was significantly positively correlated with ABR in mainland China and the eastern economic zone; however, significantly positive associations did not exist in the central and western economic zones. Surprisingly, both higher GDP per capita and higher OOP health expenditure were associated with a higher level of MRSA, but a lower level of 3GCREC; higher physician density was associated with a lower level of MRSA, but a higher level of 3GCREC. In addition, ABR prevalence presented a decline trend during 2014 and 2018. Our study showed the potential associ-ations between resistance and GDP per capita, OOP health expenditure, physician density. It high-lights that the social and economic determinants can be of importance in tacking the development and spread of ABR in mainland China.
Fabrication of a novel polyvinylpyrrolidone/abietic acid hydrogel by gamma irradiation for the recovery of Zn, Co, Mn and Ni from aqueous acidic solution

Abstract A sustainable hydrogel from polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/abietic acid (AA) was prepared by gamma irradiation and was implanted for the removal of Co, Ni, Zn and Mn from aqueous acidic solution. The characterization of PVP/AA hydrogel investigated by water absorbency, gel content, SEM-EDX, XRD, and FTIR which indicated that bio-sorbent composite hydrogel networks are more advantageous than conventional preparation techniques. Batch results indicate that the highest uptake percentage was obtained at absorbed dose 30 kGy and pH = 3. The maximum adsorption capacity of PVP/AA reached 32, 32.5,19 and 32.5 mg.g−1 for Zn(II), Co(III), Ni (III) and Mn(II) ions, respectively. The change in the values of free energy (ΔG) and enthalpy (ΔH) confirm the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. The desorption of the investigated metal ions was achieved with 1 M HNO3 and found to be 97%, 98%, 70% and 60%, which indicates that the desorption process takes the sequence: Co > Ni > Zn > Mn. Graphical Abstract
The mere exposure effect of tweets on vote choice

ABSTRACT This study investigates the effects of exposure to political candidates’ tweets on vote choice in the context of the 2018 local election in South Korea. A field experiment was conducted among the Twitter users of two constituencies, Seoul and Kyonggi-do. Participants in the experimental group were guided on Twitter to follow a leading candidate in their electoral district. The results show that following a candidate on Twitter was positively linked to voting for the candidate through candidate likability in Kyonggi-do. On the other hand, following a candidate on Twitter was negatively linked to voting for the candidate in Seoul.