Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combined Assay of rDNA and SatIII Copy Numbers as an Individual Profile of Stress Resistance, Longevity, Fertility and Disease Predisposition

The ribosomal DNA and pericentromeric satellite repeats are two important types of moderately repeated sequences existing in the human genome. They are functionally involved in the universal stress response. There is accumulating evidence that the copy number variation (CNV) of the repeat units is a novel factor modulating the stress response and, thus, has phenotypic manifestations. The ribosomal repeat copy number plays a role in stress resistance, lifespan, in vitro fertilization chances, disease progression and aging, while the dynamics of the satellite copy number are a sort of indicator of the current stress state. Here, we review some facts showing that a combined assay of rDNA and SatII/III abundance can provide valuable individual data (“stress profile”) indicating not only the inherited adaptive reserve but also the stress duration and acute or chronic character of the stress. Thus, the repeat count could have applications in personalized medicine in the future.
Surface air temperature variability in global climate models

New results from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) and multiple global reanalysis datasets are used to investigate the relationship between the mean and standard deviation (SD) in the surface air temperature (SAT) at intra‐ and inter‐annual timescales. A combination of a land–sea mask and orographic filter was used to investigate the geographic region with the strongest correlation and in all cases this was found to be for low‐lying over‐land locations. This result is consistent with the expectation that differences in the effective heat capacity of the atmosphere are an important factor in determining the SAT response to forcing.
Blood Center Testing Allows the Detection and Rapid Treatment of Acute and Recent HIV Infection

Blood donations in South Africa are tested for HIV RNA using individual donation NAT (ID-NAT), allowing detection and rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) of acute HIV infections. We enrolled a cohort of acute and recent HIV-infected blood donation candidates in South Africa in 2015–2018, measured HIV antibody, ID-NAT, and recency of infection <195 days (Sedia LAg) at enrollment and initiated early ART. A small cohort of HIV elite controllers was followed without treatment. HIV reservoir measurements included ultrasensitive plasma RNA, cell-associated HIV RNA, and total DNA. Enrollment of 18 Fiebig I–III and 45 Fiebig IV–VI HIV clade C subjects occurred a median of 18 days after index blood donation. ART was administered successfully and compliance with follow-up visits was excellent. There were only minimal differences in HIV reservoir between ART initiation in Fiebig stages I–III vs. IV–VI, but ART noncompliance increased HIV reservoir. In 11 untreated HIV elite controllers, HIV reservoir levels were similar to or higher than those seen in our early treated cohort. National blood services can identify acute HIV cohorts for subsequent HIV cure research studies. Among HIV clade C-infected donors, HIV reservoir differed little by Fiebig stage at treatment initiation, but was smaller than in chronically treated HIV and those with ART noncompliance.
Supporting beginning principals to survive and thrive in the role: a systematic review of literature

ABSTRACT This review provides a synthesis of research from the past decade on beginning principals and the professional supports they access to cope with role-related demands. The synthesis is based on empirical research studies conducted from the perspectives of beginning principals and contributes to the knowledge base on principal wellbeing and retention. Findings indicate that this field is still emerging with only 45 articles included in the final repository. Studies mostly focussed on formal mentoring and coaching by experienced or retired principals within USA using qualitative interview methodologies. Notably, accessing professional support yielded positive outcomes for beginning principals in the areas of leadership, management, and personal and social capabilities. Conversely, the absence of professional support increased feelings of isolation, burnout, and attrition. In characterising effective professional support, three broad themes emerged: (1) opportunities to learn from other principals; (2) developing positive relationships with mentors; and (3) exercising personal agency to create professional support networks. Findings suggest that mentoring needs to take more of a team-oriented approach rather than traditional dyadic arrangements. Thus, although the review confirms the importance of professional support, future research needs to move beyond formal induction programmes and examine how beginning principals informally learn from colleagues and supervisors.
Massive stars, successes and challenges

Abstract We give a brief overview of where we stand with respect to some old and new questions bearing on how massive stars evolve and end their lifetime. We focus on the following key points that are further discussed by other contributions during this conference: convection, mass losses, rotation, magnetic field and multiplicity. For purpose of clarity, each of these processes are discussed on its own but we have to keep in mind that they are all interacting between them offering a large variety of outputs, some of them still to be discovered.
Vascular Effects of the Fetal Hemoglobin Inducer Agent 3-(1,3-Dioxoisoindolin-2-yl) Benzyl Nitrate

Vascular endothelium is a protective layer of cells lining the lumen of blood vessels that plays important roles by releasing factors responsible for controlling the vascular tone, regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and expressing adhesion molecules involved in vascular hemostasis. Imbalance of vascular properties leads to endothelial dysfunction (ED) and cardiovascular damage. Some diseases, such as sickle cell anemia, are characterized by ED with reduction in the levels of nitric oxide (NO). Previously, we have shown that the fetal hemoglobin inducer agent 3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl) benzyl nitrate (Lapdesf-4c) could act as NO donor, inhibiting platelet aggregation and reducing the inflammation associated with SCA. However, the vascular effect of this compound was not yet studied. Herein, we evaluated the effects of Lapdesf-4c in vascular reactivity experiments using aortic rings from male Wistar rats (300 g/90 days). We have found that Lapdesf-4c induced vasodilation in the presence (E+) or absence of endothelium (E−) with an average of EMax values of 101.8 ± 3.33% and 111.8 ± 3.21%. The mechanism of action was studied using 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-alpha]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and hydroxocobalamin. The EMax values for those pathways were hydroxocobalamin (30.6 ± 2.21%), ODQ (4.75 ± 0.51%), and L-NAME (109 ± 3.65), suggesting that Lapdesf-4c exhibits NO-dependent mechanisms. Lapdesf-4c was able to prevent angiotensin-induced ED after incubation of aorta rings for 1 h. We found based on the concentration–effect curve using acetylcholine (ACh) that pEC50 values for the control, Ang II, and combination of (Ang II + Lapdesf-4c) were 6.73, 6.46, and 7.15, respectively. In conclusion, Lapdesf-4c has emerged as a new drug candidate that can promote vasodilation and act as a protective agent against ED, being useful to prevent vascular damage.
Suzaku Discovery of a Hard X-Ray Tail in the Persistent Spectra from the Magnetar 1E 1547.0$-$5408 during its 2009 Activity

The fastest-rotating magnetar 1E 1547.0� 5408 was observed in broad-band X-rays with Suzaku for 33 ks on 2009 January 28–29, 7 d after the onset of its latest bursting activity. After removing burst events, the absorptionuncorrected 2–10 keV flux of the persistent emission was measured with the XIS as 5.7 � 10 � 11 erg cm � 2 s � 1 ,w hich is 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than was measured in 2006 and 2007 when the source was less active. This persistent emission was also detected significantly with the HXD in > 10 keV up to at least� 110 keV, with an even higher flux of 1.3 � 10 � 10 erg cm � 2 s � 1 in 20–100 keV. The pulsation was detected at least up to 70 keV for a period of 2.072135˙0.00005s, with a deeper modulation than was measured in a fainter state. The phase-averaged 0.7–114 keV spectrum was reproduced by an absorbed blackbody emission with a temperature of 0.65 ˙ 0.02 keV, plus a hard power-law with a photon index of � 1.5. At a distance of 9 kpc, the bolometric luminosity of the blackbody and the 2–100 keV luminosity of the hard power-law are estimated to be (6.2 ˙ 1.2) � 10 35 erg s � 1 and 1.9 � 10 36 erg s � 1 , respectively, while the blackbody radius becomes � 5 km. Although the source has not been detected significantly in hard X-rays during the past fainter states, a comparison of the present and past spectra at energies below 10 keV suggests that the hard component is more enhanced than the soft X-ray component during the period of persistent activity.
Stroke, Seizures, Hallucinations and Postoperative Delirium as Neurological Complications after Cardiac Surgery and Percutaneous Valve Replacement

(1) Background: Neurological complications such as acute ischemic stroke or postoperative delirium are frequent after cardiac surgery or percutaneous valve replacement. This study aimed to identify corresponding risk factors. (2) Methods: 297 patients with percutaneous valve replacement or cardiac surgery were postoperatively screened for neurological complications such as delirium, stroke, seizures and hallucinations twice daily for three days. Pre- and perioperative risk factors were evaluated in a multivariate model. (3) Results: Neurological complications occurred in 43.8% (n = 130) as composed of delirium (43.43%, n = 129), stroke (2.7%, n = 8), seizures (1.35%, n = 4) and real hallucinations (3.36%, n = 10). Multiple logistic regression revealed an association of neurological complications with lower Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores (Exp(B) 2.042; 95% CI, 1.183–3.525, p = 0.010), older age (Exp(B) 1.071; 95% CI, 1.036–1.107, p < 0.001), red blood cell transfusions until postoperative day 3 (Exp(B) 1.157; 95% CI, 1.030–1.300, p = 0.014), history of heart failure (Exp(B) 1.985; 95% CI, 1.130–3.487, p = 0.017) and increased CRP levels (Exp(B) 1.004; 95% CI, 1.000–1.008, p = 0.037). (4) Conclusions: Postoperative delirium remains a frequent complication after cardiac surgery, while stroke and seizures occur rarely. A preoperative risk profile including older age, history of heart failure and cognitive impairment was identified for a complicated postoperative course. However, the impact of an intense inflammatory response must not be neglected.
Sustainability through STEM and STEAM Education Creating Links with the Land for the Improvement of the Rural World

Rural environment is suffering from serious problems, as reflected in the term “Empty Spain”. One of these problems is the pronounced depopulation that rural areas suffer in our time, so creating links with the land thanks to education is of great interest for, among other things, establishing population in rural areas. Interdisciplinary education becomes relevant today as the necessary education in our current world capable of providing answers and solutions to the social demands of our time. Interdisciplinary STEM education had the United States of America as its cradle in the 1990s; later it passed to the acronym STEAM when the Arts were later introduced, this is how you find a true interdisciplinary education. Since 2010, government policies have been developed in the USA, highlighting the Educate to Innovate program and in that same country the STEM4SD Education program, which develops education for sustainability by creating links with the local population. Precisely, this article will collect the educational policies that have been carried out in the USA for the development of this type of education. In this article and thanks to the analysis of certain programs, the importance of interdisciplinary STEM and STEAM education in our days will be exposed for the promotion of sustainability directed towards sustainable development, thereby creating more sustainable societies made up of more sustainable citizens, highlighting the importance of education for sustainability through STEM and STEAM education creating links with the land for the improvement of the rural world, which means establishing population, among other aspects.
Survey of Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum and Its Associated Vectors in Potato Crop in Spain

Simple Summary Zebra chip disease (ZC) in potato is an economically important disorder, documented in North and Central America and New Zealand. It is associated with the bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (CaLsol), which is transmitted by the psyllid Bactericera cockerelli. The characteristic symptom of ZC is a dark and light striped pattern in chips, making them commercially unacceptable. Naturally CaLsol-infected potato tubers were reported in Europe, where the threat of ZC for European potato crops is a major concern. This work studied the presence and abundance of ZC symptoms and CaLsol in potato plants, as well as those psyllid species that eventually could transmit the bacterium, in the main producing areas in Spain. Very few symptomatic and CaLsol-positive plants were detected in Mainland Spain, and any positive plant was detected in the Canary Islands. Most of the adult psyllids captured were identified as Bactericera nigricornis, and some of them as Bactericera trigonica, but no B. cockerelli was detected. B. nigricornis was found widely distributed in the northern half of the Iberian Peninsula, and it was the only one able to feed and reproduce on potato plants. However, this psyllid does not seem sufficient to pose a threat to potato production, due to the scarce number of specimens and because the frequency of B. nigricornis specimens that were CaLsol+ was very low. Abstract ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (CaLsol), the etiological agent of potato zebra chip (ZC), is transmitted to potato plants by the psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc, 1909) in North and Central America and New Zealand. The risk of the dispersion of ZC in Spain depends on the presence of an efficient vector. This work studies the presence and abundance of ZC symptoms and CaLsol in potato plants, as well as the presence and abundance of psyllid species associated with potato crops in the main producing areas in Spain. Eighty-eight plots were surveyed punctually to detect ZC symptoms and psyllid species in the main potato-producing areas. Furthermore, fourteen potato plots were surveyed by different sampling methods during the cropping season to detect psyllid species from 2016 to 2018. Very few symptomatic and CaLsol-positive plants were detected in Mainland Spain, and any positive plant was detected in the Canary Islands. Most of the adult psyllids captured were identified as Bactericera nigricornis (Foerster, 1848), and some of them as Bactericera trigonica, but no B. cockerelli was detected. B. nigricornis was found widely distributed in the northern half of the Iberian Peninsula; however, this psyllid does not seem sufficient to pose a threat to potato production, due to the scarce number of specimens and because the frequency of B. nigricornis specimens that were CaLsol+ was very low.
Slicing ℓp-balls reloaded: Stability, planar sections in ℓ1

We show that the two-dimensional minimum-volume central section of the $n$-dimensional cross-polytope is attained by the regular $2n$-gon. We establish stability-type results for hyperplane sections of $\ell_p$-balls in all the cases where the extremisers are known. Our methods are mainly probabilistic, exploring connections between negative moments of projections of random vectors uniformly distributed on convex bodies and volume of their sections.
Individual and Combined Effects of Diseases and Cytological Endometritis on Reproductive Performance and Culling of Dairy Cows: Preliminary Results

Simple Summary Dairy cow longevity is a major concern in most high milk-producing countries. Failure to reproduce is the most common reason for involuntary culling worldwide. A high prevalence of metabolic and infectious diseases (DIS) in dairy herds is not unusual; however, the effects of DIS on cow fertility vary and the reason for this variation is currently unclear. One and a half months after parturition, approximately 30% of cows experience uterine inflammation characterised by an increased proportion of white blood cells, more specifically polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the uterine lumen—a disease termed cytological endometritis (CYTO). CYTO is associated with a decreased conception rate and higher culling risk. Accordingly, we studied the influence of CYTO on the fertility and culling of clinically healthy and unhealthy dairy cows. We found that CYTO+ status, irrespective of DIS status, decreased the pregnancy rate. When DIS+ and CYTO+ were combined, they had an additive negative effect. This finding led us to conclude that the variation in the effects of clinical disease on reproduction can at least partly be explained by the occurrence of CYTO. Therefore, in dairy herds with fertility problems, the prevalence of CYTO should be assessed. Further investigations including a larger number of cows are required to confirm these results. Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of calving-related disorders/clinical diseases (DIS) and cytological endometritis (CYTO) on the reproductive performance and culling of dairy cows. In a total of 119 multiparous Holstein cows, DIS were recorded and CYTO was diagnosed at 40 ± 2 d in milk. Onset of luteal activity was defined as the first postpartum measurement of milk progesterone >5 ng/mL. A dummy variable containing all four possible permutations between DIS and CYTO statuses was created. The pregnancy rates after first artificial insemination were 57.7, 42.9, 23.0 and 15.8% for the DIS−/CYTO−, DIS+/CYTO−, DIS−/CYTO+ and DIS+/CYTO+ groups, respectively. The hazard of pregnancy was affected by DIS−/CYTO+ and DIS+/CYTO+ health statuses (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.43 and 0.29, respectively), whereas DIS+/CYTO− and DIS−/CYTO− cows had a similar hazard to pregnancy. The hazard of onset of luteal activity was affected by DIS+/CYTO+ health status (HR = 0.45), but not by DIS+/CYTO− and DIS−/CYTO+ health statuses. Compared with DIS−/CYTO− cows, DIS−/CYTO+ and DIS+/CYTO+ cows had 4.24 and 5.57 times the odds of being culled, respectively. Culling was not affected by DIS+/CYTO− health status. In conclusion, CYTO+ status, irrespective of DIS status, decreased the pregnancy rate. When DIS+ and CYTO+ were combined, they had an additive negative effect. Our preliminary findings suggest that the far-reaching consequences of clinical diseases on fertility and culling can be mediated through the development of CYTO. Further investigations including a larger number of cows are required to confirm these results.
Unconventional One-Magnon Scattering Resistivity in Half-Metals

Low-temperature resistivity of half-metals is investigated. To date it has been discussed that the one-magnon scattering process in half-metals is irrelevant for low-temperature resistivity, due to the fully spin-polarized electronic structure at the ground state. If one takes into account the non-rigid-band behavior of the minority band due to spin fluctuations at finite temperatures, however, the unconventional one-magnon scattering process is shown to be most relevant and gives T 3 dependence in resistivity. This behavior may be used as a crucial test in the search for half-metallic materials which are potentially important for applications. Comparison with resistivity data of La 1- x Sr x MnO 3 as candidates for half-metals shows good agreement.
Purely Off-Clamp Partial Nephrectomy: Robotic Approach Better than Open Using a Pentafecta Outcome with Propensity Score Matching

Partial nephrectomy (PN) is the gold standard treatment for localized renal masses. Robot-assisted PN (RAPN) has overcome laparoscopy’s technical limitations, greatly expanding the indications of minimally invasive PN, which is dominated by renal artery clamping in almost all published series. We compared off-clamp RAPN (OFFC-RAPN) with the open approach (OFFC-OPN) using propensity score (PS) matching. A favourable pentafecta outcome was defined as a combination of no positive surgical margins (PSM), no complications of Clavien–Dindo (CD) grade ≥ 3, post-operative eGFR loss <10%, length of hospital stay (LOS) ≤ 5 days and estimated blood loss (EBL) < 200 mL. A total of 340 consecutive patients were included. The PS-matched cohort included 142 patients: 71 matched pairs well-balanced for all covariates. The OFFC-RAPN group showed significantly shorter operative time (149.8 vs. 173.9 min, p = 0.003), lower EBL (182.1 vs. 329.3 mL, p = 0.001), and shorter LOS (5.8 vs. 6.9 days, p = 0.02), with a higher proportion of patients with LOS ≤ 5 days (57.7% vs. 23.9%, p < 0.001). No significant differences were found for PSM rate (2.8% vs. 8.4%, p = 0.27), CD > 2 complication rate (4.2% vs. 2.8%, p = 1.00) and mean ± SD eGFR change (−0.06 ± 0.3 vs. −0.8 ± 0.3, p = 0.5). Pentafecta was achieved in 56.3% and 21.1% in the OFFC-RAPN and OFFC-OPN series, respectively (p < 0.0001). On multivariable analysis, surgical approach and BMI proved to be independent predictors of achieving pentafecta. After adjusting for potential treatment selection bias, OFFC-RAPN outperformed OFFC-OPN for important peri-operative outcomes, without compromising oncological and functional safety.
Average interconnection length and interconnection distribution for rectangular arrays

Abstract : In this paper we show that it is necessary to utilize different partitioning coefficients in interconnection length analyses which are based on Rent's rule, depending on whether one- or two-dimensional placement strategies are used. Beta is the partitioning coefficient in the power-law relationship Alpha Beta which provides a measure of the number of interconnection that cross a boundary which encloses Beta blocks. The partitioning coefficients are Beta = p/2 and Beta = p for two- and one- dimensional arrays, respectively, where p is the experimental coefficient, of the Rent relationship. Based on these separate partitioning coefficients, an average interconnection length prediction is presented for rectangular arrays that outperforms existing predictions. Examples are given to support this theory.
Cosmological perturbations and stability of nonsingular cosmologies with limiting curvature

We revisit nonsingular cosmologies in which the limiting curvature hypothesis is realized. We study the cosmological perturbations of the theory and determine the general criteria for stability. For the simplest model, we find generic Ostrogradski instabilities unless the action contains the Weyl tensor squared with the appropriate coefficient. When considering two specific nonsingular cosmological scenarios (one inflationary and one genesis model), we find ghost and gradient instabilities throughout most of the cosmic evolution. Furthermore, we show that the theory is equivalent to a theory of gravity where the action is a general function of the Ricci and Gauss-Bonnet scalars, and this type of theory is known to suffer from instabilities in anisotropic backgrounds. This leads us to construct a new type of curvature-invariant scalar function. We show that it does not have Ostrogradski instabilities, and it avoids ghost and gradient instabilities for most of the interesting background inflationary and genesis trajectories. We further show that it does not possess additional new degrees of freedom in an anisotropic spacetime. This opens the door for studying stable alternative nonsingular very early Universe cosmologies.