Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MULTIRESOLUTIONAL RIGID-BODY REGISTRATION OF SPACE CURVES

In this paper, we present a multiresolutional non-iterative rigid-body image registration technique, based on the geometrical invariance properties of space curves. A fundamental theorem in dieren tial geometry states that a space curve is uniquely deined by its curvature and torsion . Therefore, transforming the space curves to (, )space allows immediate correspondence, independent of rotation and translation. As a similarity measure, the mean squared dierence (MSD) is used. After minimizing the MSD along the arc length of the curve, principal component analysis is applied to calculate the translation and the rotation parameters. Reparametrization of the space curves at dieren t arc lengths results in a robust multiresolutional registration technique. This fully automatic technique inherently allows region of intrest (ROI) coregistration and is adequate to perform both global and local transformations.
Conjugate gradient method applied to inverse scattering problem

A new reconstruction algorithm for diffraction tomography is presented. The algorithm is based on the minimization of a functional which is defined as the norm of the discrepancy between the measured scattering amplitude and the calculated one for an estimated object function. By using the conjugate gradient method to minimize the functional, one can derive an iterative formula for getting the object function. Numerical results for some two-dimensional scatterers show that the algorithm is very effective in reconstructing refractive index distributions to which the first-order Born approximation can not be applied. In addition, the number of iterations is reduced by using a priori information about the outer boundary of the objects. Furthermore, the method is not so sensitive to the presence of noise in the scattered field data. >
Peculiarities of macroscopic permittivity of mixtures with large dielectric losses

This study analyzes polarizability properties of spherically layered small inclusions that possess negative permittivity. Conditions for invisibility to external electric fields are derived. The complementary principle for two-dimensional scatterers is used to derive special properties of self-complementary inclusions. A singular behavior between the limits of invisibility and infinite response is underlined for a hollow circular shell. A similar,although not as drastic,phenomenon is shown to take place for the three-dimensional hollow sphere.
Interoceptive Awareness of the Breath Preserves Dorsal Attention Network Activity amidst Widespread Cortical Deactivation: A Within-Participant Neuroimaging Study

Interoception, the representation of the body’s internal state, serves as a foundation for emotion, motivation, and wellbeing. Yet despite its centrality in human experience, the neural mechanisms of interoception are poorly understood. The Interoceptive/Exteroceptive Attention Task (IEAT) is a novel neuroimaging paradigm that compares behavioral tracking of the respiratory cycle (Active Interoception) to tracking of a visual stimulus (Active Exteroception). Twenty-two healthy participants completed the IEAT during two separate scanning sessions (N = 44) as part of a randomized control trial of Mindful Awareness in Body-oriented Therapy (MABT). Compared to Exteroception, Interoception deactivated somatomotor and prefrontal regions. Greater interoceptive sensibility (MAIA scale) predicted sparing from deactivation along the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and left-lateralized language regions. The right insula—typically described as a primary interoceptive cortex—was only implicated by its further deactivation during an exogenously paced respiration condition (Active Matching). Psychophysiological interaction analysis characterized Active Interoception as promoting greater ACC connectivity with lateral frontal and parietal regions commonly referred to as the Dorsal Attention Network. Interoception of the breath may therefore involve reduced cortical activity but greater connectivity, with greater sensibility sparing cortical inhibition within well-characterized attentional networks. In contrast to a literature that relates detection of liminal signals such as the heartbeat to anterior insula activity, attention towards accessible body sensations such as the breath may lead to a low activity, high connectivity state in which sensory signals from the body may be better discerned. Significance Statement Interoception, the representation of the body’s internal state, is poorly understood compared to the external senses, with existing neuroimaging studies failing to match task difficulty between interoceptive and exteroceptive tasks. The present study used a novel fMRI task to compare interoceptive and exteroceptive attention, and how this distinction was moderated by self-reported interoceptive awareness. The results implicate three novel interoceptive mechanisms: interoception reduces cortical activity while increasing connectivity, wherein awareness is linked to preserved activation of the brain’s salience network and left-lateralized language regions. These findings characterize interoception as a lower activity state in which awareness depends upon the ability to notice and report on body signals typically obscured by the processing of exteroceptive information and other forms of cognition.
A finite amplitude wave on a linear shear current

A numerical perturbation procedure is presented that generates water waves propagating over a vertically varying linear shear current. The water surface profile of these waves may be symmetric about the crest, with given height and period, or they may have an irregular water surface profile that has been measured in water of known depth. For waves of the same height the effect of the current is to cause a change in wavelength and hence the kinematics under the wave. Further, the shape of the wave profile is changed significantly.
Physical models for chromosome organization to predict multi-contact statistics

Chromosome organization in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes is highly regulated. Organizing mechanisms, such as loop-extrusion, have been extensively studied using Hi-C methods, which measure pairwise contacts between chromosomal regions. New multi-contact methods additionally measure which chromosomal contacts occur simultaneously. Here, we develop three predictors of baseline multi-contact frequencies given pairwise contact data, corresponding to distinct physical limits, and argue that a comparison between data and prediction can lead to biological insight. We test these predictors for two simulated polymer models with cross-linking or loop-extrusion, and find that simulated three-point contacts are only predicted by the physically appropriate approximation. Finally, we apply our approach to previously published experimental multi-contact data from human chromosomes. Strikingly, we discover that observed three-point contact frequencies are well predicted by a formula based on loop-extrusion, suggesting that multi-contact data can give insight into chromosome organization mechanisms.
Analysis and control of a high-purity distillation column system

This research work looks at methods for controlling a two-phase distillation column system. The present system consists of a vertical column with a number of trays used for component separation. It also has a reboiler and a condenser; these are used to provide heating and cooling for vaporization and condensation, respectively. The proposed control scheme uses the model-based predictive control (MBPC) scheme with the internal model being produced by a set of Takagi Sugeno Kang (TSK) fuzzy-based models. The internal set of TSK fuzzy-based models are developed from a linear models predictive approach. That is, it makes a prediction of the present system using a set of TSK fuzzy-based models identified, at each instant of time. The control scheme is then evaluated using simulation and compared with a benchmark fuzzy-based PI control scheme. The novelty of the present research is to propose a new organization in system modeling and its control scheme by combining the MBPC scheme and artificial intelligence (AI)-based techniques for the purpose of improving the system performance results.
Trimmed LAD and Least Squares Estimation of Truncated and Censored Regression Models with Fixed Effects

This paper considers estimation of truncated.and censored regression models with fixed effects. Up until now, no estimator has been shown to be consistent as the cross-section dimension increases with the time dimension fixed. Trimmed least absolute deviations and trimmed least squares estimators are proposed for the case where the panel is of length two, and it is proven that they are consistent and asymptotically normal. It is not necessary to maintain parametric assumptions on the error terms to obtain this result. A small scale Monte Carlo study demonstrates that these estimators can perform well in small samples. Copyright 1992 by The Econometric Society.
The Global Circuit Intensity: Its Measurement and Variation over the Last 50 Years

A fundamental problem in atmospheric electric research has been measurement of the intensity and variation of Earth's electric field, which is proportional to ionospheric potential (Vi). To obtain its magnitude an electric field sounding through the atmosphere is required. Data from the three programs that have measured Vi during the last half century were combined to determine the secular variation of global circuit intensity. The average geoelectric potential (Vi) magnitude has remained relatively constant at about 240 kV, except for a temporary increase of as much as 40% following a period of intense atmospheric nuclear testing in the early 1960s. Experiments were conducted to investigate the affect of temperature on Vi. Continental-scale hourly ground-level air temperature variation modulates the intensity of Vi and there is negative feedback involving cloud development that would stabilize temperature on the diurnal time scale. However, increased temperature-driven convection will increase water vapo.
On the structure of the master equation for a two-level system coupled to a thermal bath

We derive a master equation from the exact stochastic Liouville–von-Neumann (SLN) equation (Stockburger and Grabert 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 170407). The latter depends on two correlated noises and describes exactly the dynamics of an oscillator (which can be either harmonic or present an anharmonicity) coupled to an environment at thermal equilibrium. The newly derived master equation is obtained by performing analytically the average over different noise trajectories. It is found to have a complex hierarchical structure that might be helpful to explain the convergence problems occurring when performing numerically the stochastic average of trajectories given by the SLN equation (Koch et al 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 230402, Koch 2010 PhD thesis Fakultät Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften der Technischen Universitat Dresden).
Approximation of Method of Regularization Estimators

La methode de Tikhonov est une methode generale d'estimation du parametre de regression non parametrique dans un modele lineaire abstrait avec un bruit discret. On donne une analyse asymptotique dans laquelle le probleme d'estimation discrete est approche par une estimation continue
Maximum Likelihood in a Generalized Linear Finite Mixture Model by Using the EM Algorithm

A generalized linear finite mixture model and an EM algorithm to fit the model to data are described. By this approach the finite mixture model is embedded within the general framework of generalized linear models (GLMs). Implementation of the proposed EM algorithm can be readily done in statistical packages with facilities for GLMs. A practical example is presented where a generalized linear finite mixture model of ten Weibull distributions is adopted. The example is concerned with the flow cytometric measurement of the DNA content of spermatids in a mutant mouse, which shows non-disjunction of specific chromosomes during meiosis.
SPADEDH: a sparsity-based denoising method of digital holograms without knowing the noise statistics

In this paper we propose a robust method to suppress the noise components in digital holography (DH), called SPADEDH (SPArsity DEnoising of Digital Holograms), that does not consider any prior knowledge or estimation about the statistics of the noise. In the full digital holographic process we must mainly deal with two kinds of noise. The first one is an additive uncorrelated noise that corrupts the observed irradiance, the other one is the multiplicative phase noise called speckle noise. We consider both lensless and microscope configurations and we prove that the proposed algorithm works efficiently in all considered cases suppressing the aforementioned noise components. In addition, for digital holograms recorded in lensless configuration, we show the improvement in a display test by using a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM).
Trapped modes in a circular cylindrical acoustic waveguide

A hard cylindrical waveguide, filled with a uniform acoustic medium, has a circular cross section. A hard sphere is located with its centre on the axis of the cylinder. We look for a trapped mode, i. e. a mode of finite energy such that the normal velocity vanishes on both the sphere and the cylinder. The velocity potentials considered here have an angular variation exp (iα) bout the axis of symmetry, where α is the azimuthal angle; it is well known that modes of this type cannot propagate to infinity if their wavenumber lies below a critical cut-off wavenumber. It is assumed that the radius of the sphere is sufficiently small and that the wavenumber lies just below the cut-off wavenumber; it is shown by an explicit construction that a trapped mode exists when there is a certain characteristic relation between the radius of the sphere and the wavenumber of the mode.
Laser light and hot electron micro focusing using a conical target

The laser light propagation inside the conical target had been studied by three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. It is found that the laser light is optically guided inside the conical target and focused at the tip of the cone. The intensity increases up to several tens of times in a several micron focal spot. It is the convergence of hot electrons to the head of the cone that is observed as a consequence of the surface electron flow guided by self-generated quasistatic magnetic fields and electrostatic sheath fields. As a result, the hot electron density at the tip is locally ten times greater than the case of using a normal flat foil.
Improved Photovoltaic Effects of a Vertical-Type InGaN/GaN Multiple Quantum Well Solar Cell

We investigated the photovoltaic performance of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) solar cells by comparing vertical-type and conventional lateral-type solar cells. We found that both bottom reflector and front surface texturing of vertical-type InGaN/GaN MQW solar cells enhanced light absorption by 45%, leading to an enhancement of the short circuit current density (JSC) by 1.6 times, compared to that of a lateral-type structure. For the vertical-type InGaN/GaN solar cell, Ag was used for bottom reflectors and pyramid textured surfaces were formed by KOH etching after a lift-off process, whereas lateral-type structures were fabricated on sapphire substrates having smooth surfaces. As a result, the vertical InGaN/GaN MQW solar cells showed a high fill factor of 80.0% and conversion efficiency of 2.3%; in contrast, the conventional lateral structure produced a fill factor of 77.6% and a conversion efficiency of 1.4%.
Brownian motion and martingales in analysis

Brownian motion. Stochastic integration. Conditioned Brownian motions. Boundary limits of harmonic functions. Complex Brownian motion and analytic functions. Hardy spaces and related spaces of martingales. H1 and BMO, m1 and BMO. PDE's which can be solved by running a Brownian motion. Stochastic differential equations.
Galactic Bridges and Tails

This paper argues that the bridges and tails seen in some multiple galaxies are just tidal relics of close encounters. These consequences of the brief but violent tidal forces are here studied in a deliberately simple-minded fashion. Each encounter is considered to involve only two galaxies and to be roughly parabolic; each galaxy is idealized as just a disk of noninteracting test particles which initially orbit a central mass point. As shown here, the two-sided distortions provoked by gravity alone in such circumstances can indeed evolve kinematically into some remarkably narrow and elongated features. Besides extensive pictorial survey of tidal damage, this paper offers reconstructions of the orbits and outer shapes of four specific interacting pairs: Arp 295, M51 + NGC 5195, NGC 4676, and NGC 4038/9.
Lyman-alpha absorption spectrum of the primordial intergalactic medium

We investigate and simulate Lyα absorption by the primordial hydrogen (the IGM) in the cold dark matter cosmology taking into account the Doppler effect of peculiar velocity. The IGM density is found to follow n(x 1 )∞exp [(1/4πx b 2 )∫ e −xb/x12 (1/x 12 )δ DM (x 2 )dx 2 ] with δ DM being the CDM density contrast and x b being the Jeans length of the IGM. Four IGM models are simulated according to their mean density Ω H , temperature T, and clumping factor ζ IGM (0) at the redshift range 2.5-3.0
Improvement and Assessment of RANS Scalar Transport Models for Jets in Crossflow

The present work proposes a new form of two-equation model for turbulent scalar transport. The aim is a better prediction of turbulent scalar mixing by the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) methods. The presented model allows a direct determination of the local turbulent scalar diffusivity avoiding the assumption of a constant global turbulent Prandtl/Schmidt number. The main difference between the present model and the models of this type published earlier is an improved form of the scalar dissipation equation. Comparisons are made with three other two-equation turbulent scalar diffusivity models in different jet in crossflow test cases. A sensitivity study with respect to model parameter variations is also given. The results show significant improvements in scalar field predictions for jet in crossflow test cases.
Semiparametric Surveillance of Monotonic Changes

Abstract The detection of a change from a constant level to a monotonically increasing (or decreasing) regression is of special interest for the detection of outbreaks of epidemics but is also of interest in other areas. A maximum likelihood ratio statistic for the sequential surveillance of an “outbreak” situation is derived. The method is semiparametric in the sense that the regression model is nonparametric whereas the distribution belongs to the regular exponential family. The method is evaluated with respect to timeliness and predicted value in a simulation study that imitates the influenza outbreaks in Sweden. To illustrate its performance, the method is applied to Swedish influenza data for 6 years. The advantage of this semiparametric surveillance method, which does not rely on an estimated baseline, is illustrated by a Monte Carlo study. The advantage of information accumulation is illustrated.
Electrokinetic Maneuvering of Bubble-Driven Inertial Micro-Pumping Systems

The pumping of an aqueous electrolyte by means of an asymmetrically placed thermal resistor and electrodes is investigated in this work. This device has no moving parts and provides a continuous and controllable pulsating flow, which make it a very attractive and viable option for use on lab-on-a-chip devices. The electric field induced modulation provides a higher degree of control on the mass flow rate, by means of which one can achieve on-the-fly mass flow rate control. The pumping action is achieved by means of a high-pressure bubble generated by actuating a thermal resistor which is located asymmetrically between two reservoirs. The ends of the channel are connected to fluidic columns. The combined action of an applied electric field and a faster refilling of the shorter arm after bubble collapse essentially drive a net amount of electrolyte through the system. We study the influence of the geometric parameters like the location of the heater, channel width and the channel length apart from the physiochemical parameters like the Debye length and the applied field strength on the mass flow rate achieved through this device.
Hardware Implementation of LDPC Decoders

Low density parity check (LDPC) codes over are an extension of binary LDPC codes with significantly higher performance. However, the computational complexity of the encoders/decoders for these codes is also higher. Hence there is a substantial lack of hardware implementations for LDPC over codes. This paper proposes a novel variation of the belief propagation algorithm for LDPC codes. The new algorithm results in a reduced hardware complexity when imple- mented in VLSI. The serial architecture of the novel decoding algorithm and two other algorithms for LDPC over are implemented on an FPGA. The results show that the proposed algorithm has substantial advantages over existing methods. We show that the implementation of LDPC over decoder is feasible for short to medium length codes. The additional com- plexity of the decoder is balanced by the superior performance of LDPC codes.
Effects of surface waves on a turbulent current over a smooth or rough seabed

Laboratory experiments by earlier authors have shown that the near-surface velocity of an otherwise uniform current is reduced by following waves, but is increased by opposing waves. By a boundary-layer analysis with depth-dependent eddy viscosities, we show analytically that this is the consequence of second-order effects of wave–current interaction. Physical effects of waves on the current profile due to the moving free surface, wave attenuation and convective inertia are discussed. Comparisons with available experiments for smooth and rough seabeds are discussed. New predictions of the longitudinal variations along the current are made.
MAKE PRESENTISM GREAT AGAIN

This thesis is concerned with bringing to light the importance of presentism an approach to literary studies which has been heavily maligned by critics in the past. Presentism, which has developed from literary critical forms of historicism, “explicitly evok[es] the present concerns that motivate a desire to reread old literature” (Egan 2013: p.39) by theorising “the critic as temporal mediator who owns up to constructing meaning” (Gajowski 2010: p. 674). Amidst the 2016 presidential victory of Donald Trump, the sales of three books sky-rocketed, signalling a correlation between despotisms of the past and adaptive totalitarianisms of the twenty-first century. George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four, Bertolt Brecht’s The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui and Hannah Arendt’s The Origins of Totalitarianism, each gained a newfound relevance in the weeks just after Trump’s victory. In my thesis, I will focus on how the rediscovery of a novel, a play and a philosophical text is fundamental in understanding the essence of cult leadership in an age of fake news. Moreover, I will analyse how Trump’s presidency has moved the discourse of authoritarianism from the distant past to the centre of American politics.
Length Abstraction in Euclidean Geometry

I define abstract lengths in Euclidean geometry, by introducing an abstraction axiom: λ ( a, b ) = λ ( c, d ) ↔ ab ≡ cd . By geometric constructions and explicit definitions, one may define the Length structure : L = ( L , ⊕ , ⪯ , • ) , “instantiated by Euclidean geometry”, so to speak. I define the notion of a “(continuous) positive extensive quantity” and prove that L is such a (continuous) positive extensive quantity. The main results given provide the general characterization of L and its symmetry group (the multiplicative group of the positive reals); along with the relevant mathematical relationships between (abstract) lengths and coordinate lengths (relative to a coordinate system); and also between lengths, measurement scales and units for length