Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proper management of inoperable malignant hilar biliary obstruction: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic ultrasound, or percutaneous approach?

Advanced malignant hilar biliary obstrucion (HBO) is commonly caused by hilar cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, hepatocelluar carcinoma, or metastatic tumors. Although surgical resection is the only curative treatment, the majority of patients can not undergo surgery due to an advanced inoperable state upon presentation. Therefore, effective biliary drainage is currently the mainstay palliative treatment for symptomatic improvement of HBO. Percutaneous access has been preferred traditionally, especially for advanced HBO because of technical difficulty involved. Recently, primary endoscopic palliation using plastic or metal stents has shown higher technical feasibility and clinical success without increasing the risk of adverse events compared to percutaneous access, even for high-degree HBO. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided intervention has also been introduced for primary cases having a failed endoscopy or surgically altered anatomy and for reintervention. However, primary approach methods such as percuta- neous, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and EUS have numerous issues involving the use of stents, including the type of stents, the number of stents, the deployment method, and additional efficacy of local therapies. This review describes current effective biliary drainage methods for advanced inoperable HBO based on reported studies.
Poultry Manure Induced Garden Eggs Yield and Soil Fertility in Tropical and Semi-Arid Sandy-Loam Soils

Synthetic nitrogen fertilizer use comes with unsustainable financial and environmental costs, making it not attractive to small-scale and organic farmers. Poultry manure (PM) when available is a primary fertilizer source for small-scale and organic farmers but there is still limited research on its effects of specific crops and soil fertility under specific practices. The study investigated PM effects on garden egg in three seasons in Ghana and PM effects soil fertility in sandy-loam soils of Arizona after three years under flood irrigation and no-till. The PM application improved garden egg growth (dry matter by 73%) and increased yield by 66% in slightly acidic sandy-loam tropical soils, which could be related to soil mineral improvement. In the semi-arid soil, three years PM application increased cation exchange capacity (41%), P (471%), K (18%), S (244%), Ca (45%), Mg (31%), Zn (5%) and Mn (19%) with reduction in nitrate (−26%), Fe (−38%) and Cu (−11%). The reduction in the nitrate and Fe in the semi-arid Arizona cropland could be associated to flood irrigation and high soil pH, respectively. To gain the full potential from PM applications, best management practice is recommended to reduce nitrate leaching.
Seasonal heat stress alters the milk yield, antioxidative levels and serum metabolites in primiparous and 3 multiparous dairy cows

This study aimed to explore the seasonal heat stress affects the milk yield, antioxidative levels and serum metabolites in primiparous and multiparous dairy cows during early lactation. A total of two hundred dairy cows were selected according to their calving months (June, temperature humidity index (THI) =66.72; July, THI=70.30; August, THI=69.32; September, THI=67.20; October, THI=59.45). Blood samples were collected on day 0, 21, 50, 80, 100 after calving for serum oxidative status analysis and milk yield was recorded every day. The lower average daily milk yield in cows that calved in June and July (P<0.05), and average daily milk yield of multiparous cows was higher than that of primiparous cows that calved in the same month (P<0.05), suggesting that seasonal (June) heat stress negatively affected milk yield in both primiparous and multiparous cows at early lactation. Besides, 15 and 11 serum metabolites were changed in heat stress (average THI = 70.30) group compared with non heat stress (average THI = 59.45) group in primiparous cows and multiparous cows, respectively. These metabolites were mainly involved in the pathways of aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and the metabolism of glycine, serine and threonine. These data suggested that heat stress negatively affected the milk yield and thus caused the the elevation of 2 the serum oxidative and antioxidative index Metabolic biomarkers associated with the heat stress 29 in serum were found 0 which providing the basement of evaluating indicator between heat stress and non heat stress groups in primiparous and multiparous cows.
Pregnancy outcomes after spontaneous conception with previous spontaneous abortion preceding present pregnancy

Background: The objective of the present study was to study pregnancy outcomes in patients with Spontaneous conception with history of previous spontaneous abortion preceding present pregnancy.Methods: A prospective study included patients with spontaneous conception with history of previous spontaneous abortion preceding present pregnancy admitted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, command hospital, Pune between October 2018 and April 2020. The patients were booked (minimum 3 visits in antenatal outdoor clinic) or admitted for the first time as an emergency. The detailed history about previous abortions was taken and routine as well as investigations for possible etiologies of previous abortions were done. Cases with history of mid-trimester abortion were investigated for cervical incompetence. All the patients were observed for complications during present pregnancy like threatened abortion, preeclampsia, preterm labour, intrauterine death and final outcome.Results: A total of 110 patients with history of previous spontaneous abortion were admitted, all patients were booked. Majority (51.8 %) of patients belong to the age group 25-30 years. All patients were with history of previous one abortion followed by pregnancy with spontaneous conception. The final outcomes were term live birth (86.4%), abortion (8.2%), preterm delivery (5.4%), and no still birth. Caesarian section was done in 32.7% patients for various indications.Conclusions: Previous history of spontaneous abortion is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. There is increased risk of abortion, preterm delivery, need for caesarean sections and fetal loss in cases of previous spontaneous abortions. These complications and fetal loss can be reduced by booking the patients and giving due antenatal care.
PROTOCOL: The association between whole‐grain dietary intake and noncommunicable diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract Our primary research questions are: (1) What is the association between whole grains (WG) intake and the prevalence of NCDs (i.e., type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, cancer, mortality) and their biomarkers? (2) Which biomarker(s) has/have the greatest association with WG intake when combining multiple biomarkers together in the same analysis? Our secondary research question is: (3) Are there dose–response relationships between WG intake and biomarkers and prevalence of NCDs which could help inform a universal recommendation for WG intake?
Informal Volunteering, Inequality, and Illegitimacy

This article argues that informal volunteering (the unstructured giving of one’s time to help friends, neighbors, or community) has been ignored or understudied within research and policy. With data frequently showing higher rates of informal volunteering among women, people of color, working-class communities, and other often discriminated against groups and qualitative research demonstrating the value of informal volunteering within poorer communities, such positioning serves to reproduce dominant narratives around volunteering, reinforcing social inequalities. Using Bourdieusian critical theory from largely U.K.-based working-class feminist scholars, this article contributes to the nonprofit literature by showing how such a formulation adds to the legitimacy of middle-class cultures and delegitimizes working-class ones, especially at the current neoliberal conjuncture where volunteering experiences are encouraged to be used as a tool of distinction and employability. However, the article cautions against conceptualizing informal volunteering within existing formal volunteering frameworks, as doing so may further hollow out community life.
A compact multilayer substrate integrated waveguide quasi‐elliptic bandpass filter for millimeter‐wave applications

A multilayer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) quasi‐elliptic bandpass filter based on the printed circuit board (PCB) process is presented for millimeter‐wave applications in this article. The proposed filter consists of four SIW cavities, in which the upper and lower cavities form the vertical couplings, and the two lower cavities form a mixed coupling by a short‐ended conducting strip and metallized vias. The four‐order filter can form the cross‐coupling and mixed‐coupling mechanism to introduce transmission zeros (TZs). Moreover, the filter can achieve miniaturization by vertical couplings with a size of about 0.77 × 0.49 λ02, where λ0 is the wavelength of the center frequency (25.75 GHz). Measured results show that the filter has a 3 dB bandwidth of 15.1%, the insertion loss of 1.29 dB at the center frequency (25.75 GHz) and the passband return loss better than 17 dB. Three TZs (23.1, 29.0 and 31.6 GHz) are obtained to improve the filter selectivity.
The Effect of Endoprosthesis Selection on Functional Outcomes in the Elderly with Femoral Neck Fractures

Objective: Hemiarthroplasty is the most common treatment for femoral neck fractures in patients aged ≥60 years. In this study, we aimed to compare the functional outcomes of unipolar and bipolar endoprostheses used in hemiarthroplasty in the elderly with femoral neck fractures. Method: A total of 63 patients aged ≥60 years, who underwent hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures between 2004 and 2019, were included. A unipolar and bipolar endoprosthesis was applied to 36 and 27 patients, respectively. All patients were followed for minimum 12 months. The fractures were assessed using the Pauwels classification. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded. Postoperative hip function was evaluated using the Harris hip score (HHS). Results: The mean age was 74.1±7.3 years in the unipolar endoprosthesis group and 72.9±8.3 years in the bipolar endoprosthesis group. There was no significant difference in the age, sex, and localization of the fracture between the groups. A significant difference in the fracture types according to the Pauwels classification was observed between the two endoprosthesis groups (p<0.01). Follow-up duration, dislocation, reoperation, and wound infection were similar between the groups. The mean limp, ability of putting on socks, mobility, and ability of using public transportation subscale scores of the HHS were significantly higher in the patients undergoing bipolar arthroplasty (p=0.014, p=0.020, p=0.026, and p=0.03, respectively). However, the total HHS was comparable between the groups (p=0.728). Conclusion: Our study results show that bipolar arthroplasty yields more favorable results in patients with a better predictable mobilization based on the HSS subscale scores. Of note, unipolar arthroplasty is a more low-cost treatment method in the elderly patients with femoral neck fractures.
Attitude towards utilization of family planning services among women of reproductive age living with disability in Kajiado County, Kenya

Background: Family planning refers to practices that allow people to control the number of children and determine healthy spacing and timing of births between pregnancies. Approximately 10 percent of the world's population experience some form of disability. Worldwide, the most vulnerable groups include women with disabilities who highly need contraception most. The objective of this study was to assess the nature of attitude associated with utilization of family planning services among women living with disabilities in Kajiado County, Kenya.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted with both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods applied. The study systematically sampled 316 women living with disability. Additional information was obtained from Focused Group Discussions. Required ethical clearance and permissions were sought prior to the study. Descriptive data and inferential statistics were analyzed through use of SPSS version 20.0. Results from focused group discussions were triangulated with quantitative data as direct quotes.Results: Only 32.0% of women living with disability utilized family planning in Kajiado County. About 61.2% of them had a negative attitude towards family planning. The nature of attitude (p=0.001) was significantly associated with utilization of family planning.Conclusions: The nature of attitude towards family planning among women with disability in Kajiado County was negative. Approximately 6 out of 10 women of reproductive age with disability had a negative attitude towards family planning. There is need to for policy makers and relevant stakeholders to dispel myths, misconceptions and religious beliefs associated with underutilization of family planning thus changing their nature attitude towards family planning.
The Approach to Thrombosis Prevention across the Spectrum of Philadelphia-Negative Classic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Patients with myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) are potentially facing diminished life expectancy and decreased quality of life, due to thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications, progression to myelofibrosis or acute leukemia with ensuing signs of hematopoietic insufficiency, and disturbing symptoms such as pruritus, night sweats, and bone pain. In patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) or polycythemia vera (PV), current guidelines recommend both primary and secondary measures to prevent thrombosis. These include acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) for patients with intermediate- or high-risk ET and all patients with PV, unless they have contraindications for ASA use, and phlebotomy for all PV patients. A target hematocrit level below 45% is demonstrated to be associated with decreased cardiovascular events in PV. In addition, cytoreductive therapy is shown to reduce the rate of thrombotic complications in high-risk ET and high-risk PV patients. In patients with prefibrotic primary myelofibrosis (pre-PMF), similar measures are recommended as in those with ET. Patients with overt PMF may be at increased risk of bleeding and thus require a more individualized approach to thrombosis prevention. This review summarizes the thrombotic risk factors and primary and secondary preventive measures against thrombosis in MPN.
Teachers’ Perceptions of the Role of Entrepreneurship Education in the Career Choice Decision-Making of Business Studies Learners in Gauteng South Africa

This study explored teachers’ views on the influence that entrepreneurship education has on Business Studies learners’ career choices in Gauteng, South Africa. A qualitative case study approach was employed with a sample size of five Business Studies teachers from three selected public secondary schools in Gauteng East District, using purposive and convenience sampling methods to select participants for this study. Semi-structured in-depth face-to-face interviews were employed to collect required data for this study. Data were analysed using Atlas.ti which is a Computer Aided Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS) program. The findings from this study affirmed that Business Studies influences the career choices of learners to become entrepreneurs. Strengthened by the knowledge, skills and experience acquired from entrepreneurship as a segment in Business Studies, the study recommended that the Department of Basic Education (DBE) should provide the necessary encouragement to Business Studies learners as it is implemented with other subjects by assigning it an elevated status in the curriculum.
The Effect of Abusive Supervision on Organizational Identification: A Moderated Mediation Analysis

This study investigated the effect of abusive supervision on employee organizational identification by analyzing the mediating effect of psychological contract violation. In addition, it explored the moderating role of favoritism in the direct association of abusive supervision and organizational identification and the indirect effect through psychological contract violation. A total of 488 seasonal, immigrant, and part-time employees from family-run hotel organizations were surveyed during the data collection process. By utilizing Hayes’s macro, we found that abusive supervision and psychological contract violation had a significant negative effect on organizational identification. In addition, the results showed that psychological contract violation mediated the effect of abusive supervision on organizational identification and favoritism moderated the effect of abusive supervision on psychological contract violation. The findings highlight the detrimental effects of favoritism and abusive supervision on employee outcomes in the hospitality industry.
Hierarchal Formation of Trust on Peer-to-Peer Lodging Platforms

Based on the concept of trust from a hierarchical approach and with the support of processing fluency theory, the current study investigates customer trust, and its relationships with flow experience, satisfaction, and repatronage intention on peer-to-peer (P2P) lodging platforms. Customer flow experience on the Airbnb platform is verified to be an antecedent of economy-based trust. The hierarchical organization of trust is also proved applicable in the context of sharing economy websites (economy-based trust → information-based trust → identification-based trust). The results provide marketers and hosts of P2P lodging platforms effective strategies to assist customers form trust in sequential steps and in multiple perspectives. The present study is a pioneer which in depth examined trust formation in the emerging sharing economy platforms.
Appraisal and discernment of prevalent drug-drug interactions in patients with psychiatric disorders

Background: Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) contribute majorly to hospital admissions, treatment failures, avoidable medical complications and subsequent healthcare costs. Thus, we employ a mechanistic approach to prospectively investigate the incidence of potential DDIs in the psychiatric patients in a clinical setting.Methods: In this prospective, observational, multi centred study conducted for a span of 6 months, psychiatric inpatients (≥18 years) prescribed with 2 or more medications daily for any medical illness were included. The secured prescriptions of the inpatients selected in accordance to the inclusion criteria were then assessed for DDIs using Micromedex(TM) as a standard.Results: Of the total 400 enrolled participants, 383 (95%) of them showed at least one pDDI regardless of the severity. An average of 7.33 interactions per patient was also deduced. A high prevalence of pDDIs totalling to 2900 was recorded in our study with an average of 7.33 interactions per patient. Most of the interactions were of major (56.52%) and moderate severity (39.07) followed by contraindicated (2.55) and minor (1.83). Cardiovascular system (41.77%) had the highest potential to be affected due to the pDDIs identified. Trihexyphenidyl, haloperidol, promethazine, amisulpride, risperidone, divalproex, trifluoperazine, olanzapine and clozapine where among the most commonly encountered drugs in these interactions.Conclusions: A high prevalence of pDDIs totalling to 2900 was recorded in our study with an average of 7.33 interactions per patient. A significant association of the pDDIs with variables such as age, gender, diagnosis and total number of drugs used was identified. More studies are required to explore the overall pattern of DDIs in psychiatric patients along with their levels and correlation with different risk factors. Careful monitoring and documentation are necessary to prevent further complications thereby improving the therapeutic outcome.
Angular distribution of particles sputtered from a copper target by 5‐keV Kr ions: Experiment and simulation study

Angular distributions of atoms sputtered from a copper target under 5‐keV Kr+ bombardment at normal incidence were simultaneously and independently studied by experiments and computer simulation. The sputtered particles are collected on a Mylar™ foil placed around the target. Deposited particles on the substrate were analyzed by optical transmission spectroscopy. The surface roughness of the irradiated target was studied by atomic force microscopy, surface profilometry, and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results were compared with the simulated angular distributions (programs OKSANA, SDTrimSP, and SRIM) and were found to be in reasonable agreement. In all cases, the angular distribution of sputtered particles showed an over‐cosine shape, which may be associated with noncompensated scattering of ejected particles by surface atoms when exiting the target. The results obtained are compared with the data from the literature.
Synthesis, characterization and application of polypyrrole-cellulose nanocomposite for efficient Ni(II) removal from aqueous solution: Box-Behnken design optimization

Abstract The role of polypyrrole-cellulose (PPy-Ce) nanocomposite for the removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solution was investigated by batch experiments. The PPy-Ce nanocomposite was prepared by chemical oxidate polymerization of pyrrole monomer with cellulose. Transmission electron micrography (TEM) showed the size of the particles varied from 80 to 95 nm. The characteristic C-O, O-H, C-N and C-C vibrations in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicate that the cellulose successfully integrated with the pyrrole. Influence of experimental variables such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and initial Ni(II) concentration were optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) based Box-Behnken design (BBD). The optimal conditions for maximum removal of Ni(II) were pH 8, time 65 min, adsorbent dose 0.3 mg/l and Ni(II) concentration 50 mg/l. The maximum removal efficiency under optimized conditions was >94%. The results indicate that BBD could be used to optimize experimental conditions for metal removal from aqueous solution.
Local voices on heritage: Understanding community perceptions towards archaeological sites in South Iraq

ABSTRACT Community engagement is now a consolidated and essential part of many archaeological research projects. In particular, it is widely recognized as a powerful tool for laying the foundation for any community archaeology programme. This paper explores the perceptions of a community living North-East of the city of Kufa (Iraq) towards the archaeological sites and cultural heritage in general. In particular, we designed an action-oriented research consisting of interviews and focus groups conducted between 2017 and 2019 at selected sites. The multifaceted picture that emerges from this research allows to better understand the relationships between the different actors revolving around the archaeological sites. The objective is to assess the awareness and understanding of the significance of its cultural heritage by the local community, and consequently propose recommendations including actions aimed at better safeguarding and communicating the archaeological sites.