Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Interruption and Overlapping among Igbo and Sesotho people in Intercultural Discourse

This study investigates the discourse style – interruption between the Igbo and the Sesotho residing in Bloemfontein, South Africa. The study was motivated by the way in which people from different linguistic background engage in interactions and observable differences in accent, interpretation of meanings and misunderstanding, code-switching, competition for the floor based on individual linguistic and cultural backgrounds. This study explores interruption and overlapping among the Igbo and Sesotho in interactions. The theoretical framework employed is that of conversational analysis as established by Garfinkel (1967), and developed by Sachs, Schegloff and Jefferson (1974). The data for the study was collected through recordings of interactions in different contexts (shop, hospital, church, home and among friends). The results from the study show that during the intercultural communication between the Igbo and the Sesotho people, interruptions and overlapping are not determined by age, educational background, gender, but by the relationships between the interactants, and the context of the interaction.
Acupuncture Induces Reduction in Limbic-Cortical Feedback of a Neuralgia Rat Model: A Dynamic Causal Modeling Study

Background Neuropathic pain after brachial plexus avulsion remained prevalent and intractable currently. However, the neuroimaging study about neural mechanisms or etiology was limited and blurred. Objective This study is aimed at investigating the effect of electroacupuncture on effective connectivity and neural response in corticolimbic circuitries during implicit processing of nociceptive stimulus in rats with brachial plexus pain. Methods An fMRI scan was performed in a total of 16 rats with brachial plexus pain, which was equally distributed into the model group and the electroacupuncture group. The analysis of task-dependent data determined pain-related activation in each group. Based on those results, several regions including AMY, S1, and h were recruited as ROI in dynamic causal modeling (DCM) analysis comparing evidence for different neuronal hypotheses describing the propagation of noxious stimuli in regions of interest and horizontal comparison of effective connections between the model and electroacupuncture groups. Results In both groups, DCM revealed that noxious stimuli were most likely driven by the somatosensory cortex, with bidirectional propagation with the hypothalamus and amygdala and the interactions in them. Also, the 3-month intervention of acupuncture reduced effective connections of h-S1 and AMY-S1. Conclusions We showed an evidence that a full connection model within the brain network of brachial plexus pain and electroacupuncture intervention reduces effective connectivity from h and AMY to S1. Our study for the first time explored the relationship of involved brain regions with dynamic causal modeling. It provided novel evidence for the feature of the organization of the cortical-limbic network and the alteration caused by acupuncture.
Zeolite Beta Doped with La, Fe, and Pd as a Hydrocarbon Trap

Hydrocarbon trapping is a technique of great relevance, since a substantial part of hydrocarbon emissions from engines are released from engines before the catalyst has reached the temperature for efficient conversion of the hydrocarbons. In this work, the influence of doping zeolite beta (BEA) with Fe, Pd, and La on the storage and release of propene and toluene is studied. Five monolith samples were prepared; Fe/BEA, La/BEA, Pd/BEA, Pd/Fe/BEA, and Pd/La/BEA using incipient wetness impregnation, and the corresponding powder samples were used for catalyst characterization by Inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS), Temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Scanning transmission electron microscopy with Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (STEM-EDX). The hydrocarbon trapping ability of the samples was quantified using Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of propene and toluene, and in situ Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The results from the TPD experiments show that the addition of Pd and La to the zeolite affected the release patterns of the stored hydrocarbons on the trapping material in a positive way. The in situ DRIFTS results indicate that these elements provide H-BEA with additional sites for the storage of hydrocarbons. Furthermore, EDX-mapping showed that the La and Pd are located in close connection.
LANCASTER ENVIRONMENT CENTRE GRADUATE INDUSTRY PROJECT

of the river, the 2012 survey found no cases of the native species. The signal population was focused upstream between SK299815 and SK300816 in Blacka Dike without exception. This was marked at its lowest extent by a small weir. Access to a potential site was denied by the landowner at Fern Glen Farm (SK293800) and so it is unknown whether the population extends this far upstream. The signal population on the River Sheaf/Blacka Dike around Totley has actually reduced spatially since the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust survey in 2009/10. At a conservative estimate of 1.5km a year expansion rate, this population could be predicted to have spread approximately 3km downstream into the channel of the River Sheaf by 2012, but instead was seen to have retracted by 0.7km. The population appears to be confined to Black Dike and no specimens were recorded in Totley Brook, where they were previously found. It cannot be stated with certainty that the population has truly receeded, as the possibility of obtaining false negatives from trapping exists.
EFFECT OF HEAT STRESS ON LIFE HISTORY OF PEA APHID, Acyrthosiphon pisum (HARRIS) (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) BASED ON LIFE-TABLE TECHNIQUE

The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) distributed world-widely and considered as a significant pestiferous insect. After the crop emergence, aphid colonies rapidly increase and population of pest rise quickly causing significantly economical injury (Ahmet et al., 2018; 2019). However, economic threshold for pest have been determined, whereas for population of aphid development no method has been until predicted (Angilletta, 2009). The A. pisum rational management and effective development depend on an in-depth considerate of pest biology, and in specific of the prevailing temperature effect on main parameters of life history leading the population development rate and timing. However, the temperature was observed to be most effective. Population of insect such as mortality, fecundity, delay pre-reproductive and development effected by temperature. Life histories of pea aphid and effect of temperature on it has been be published in several reports (Huffaker et al., 1999; Bayhan et al., 2005). Ecological high temperature spatially and temporarily fluctuates, therefore, many thermal stresses used to expose insects not individually throughout the day however also during their life-cycle (Feder et al., 2000). Due to ectothermic physiology and small in size, aphids are mainly weak to variation in temperature (Denlinger and Yocum, 1998; Angilletta, 2009). Most species of insects are altered to particular different ranges of temperature, and about extreme temperature it has been shown in many published papers, both cold and hot, can effect several their life history characters for example fecundity, mortality, reproductive success, longevity, survival of adult and development rate (Amice et al., 2008; Mironidis and Savopoulou, 2008; Mironidis and Savopoulou, 2010). However, up to now, regarding extreme range of temperatures, it has been reported in various studies that either heat stress at different small periods were equivalent to shocks of cold or heat temperature (Roux et al., 2010; Hance et al., 2007). Nevertheless, beneath ordinary situations, insects additional commonly come across fewer melodramatic circumstances. Certainly, they are repetitively exposed to variation in temperature however inside narrower assortments, henceforth signifying modest stresses Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 57(1), 325-332 ; 2020 ISSN (Print) 0552-9034, ISSN (Online) 2076-0906 DOI: 10.21162/PAKJAS/20.9682 http://www.pakjas. com.pk
Gibberellin-induced Nuclear Ca-dependent Deoxyribonucleases and DNA Glycosylases Regulate DNA Degradation of Wheat Aleurone Cells Undergoing Programmed Cell Death

The nature of DNA fragmentation was studied in isolated nuclei of wheat aleurone layer cells. Endogenous Caand Mg-dependent deoxyribonucleases (DNase) were present in the nuclei. Analysis of DNase activity in the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions revealed the nuclear location of A and C forms of DNases. Activity of the B-form enzymes was found exclusively in the cytoplasm. Experimental evidence demonstrated that activation of B and A nucleases did not depend on the presence of gibberellic acid (GA3) in the incubation medium, while activation of C-form DNase was dependent on the presence of GA3. The stimulatory effect of GA3 on the activation of Ca-dependent DNA-N-glycosylases, the key DNA repair enzyme, was demonstrated. The evidence suggests that concurrent activation of DNA repair enzymes and GA3-dependent nuclear DNases is likely to be the underlying cause of oligonucleosomal fragmentation of DNA during programmed cell death in wheat aleurone layer cells. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Determination of N-Nitrosamines by Gas Chromatography Coupled to Quadrupole–Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry in Water Samples

An analytical method based on high-resolution quadrupole–time-of-flight (QToF) mass spectrometry has been developed as an alternative to the classical method, using a low-resolution ion trap (IT) analyzer to reduce interferences in N-nitrosamines determination. Extraction of the targeted compounds was performed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) following the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) -521 method. First, both electron impact (EI) and positive chemical ionization (PCI) using methane as ionization gas were compared, along with IT and QToF detection. Then, parameters such as limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), linearity, and repeatability were assessed. The results showed that the QToF mass analyzer combined with PCI was the best system for the determination of the N-nitrosamines, with instrumental LOD and LOQ in the ranges of 0.2–4 and 0.6–11 ng mL−1, respectively, which translated into method LOD and LOQ in the ranges of 0.2–1.3 and 0.6–3.9 ng L−1, respectively. The analysis of real samples showed the presence of 6 of the N-nitrosamines in influent, effluent, and tap water. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was quantified in all the analyzed samples at concentrations between 1 and 27 ng L−1. Moreover, four additional nitrosamines were found in tap and wastewater samples.
Critical Review: The efficacy of interventions designed to maintain or improve self-feeding ability in elderly individuals with dementia

Declines in self-feeding ability are commonly seen in elderly patients with dementia, however, feeding dependence has been shown to be a significant risk factor for aspiration pneumonia (Langmore et al., 1998). The published literature investigating interventions aimed at maintaining or improving self-feeding ability in individuals with dementia were collected and critically evaluated. This critical review included three randomized clinical trials, two repeated measures studies, one case control study, and one action research study. Montessori-based intervention currently has the strongest evidence for its efficacy in this population. The behavioural and environmental interventions show promising evidence for their efficacy, however, the person-centered approach provided equivocal evidence. However, future research on self-feeding in dementia is needed before a strong conclusion can be drawn.
Corpus, 18 | 2018

This article deals with English causal subordinate clauses introduced by since or as. Both these markers may convey different meanings according to contextual variations, and can express temporal relations, from which their causal value is derived. The semantic closeness between as and since whenever they express a causal relation makes it necessary to harvest a large number of attested examples in order to compare and contrast them. The recourse to large on-line corpora such as the British National Corpus gives rise to specific practical difficulties, however, especially as far as as is concerned; because of the high frequency of the subordinators in question, one is confronted to thousands of examples, few of which turn out to have a clear causal value in the case of as, hence the recourse to other means in order to make up a large Looking for the causal values of as and since in large corpora, and how these. Corpus, 18 | 2018 23
Capturing the Benefits of Worker Specialization: Effects of Managerial and Organizational Task Experience

textabstractLearning by doing is a fundamental driver of productivity among knowledge workers. As workers accumulate experience working on certain types of tasks (i.e., they become specialized), they also develop proficiency in executing these tasks. However, previous research suggests that organizations may struggle to leverage the knowledge workers accrue through specialization because specialized workers tend to lose interest and reduce effort during task execution. This study investigates how organizations can improve specialized workers’ performance by mitigating the dysfunctional effects of specialization. In particular, we study how other sources of task experiences from the worker’s immediate manager as well as the organization itself help manage the relationship between worker specialization and performance. We do so by analyzing a proprietary dataset that comprises of 39,162 software service tasks that 310 employees in a Fortune 100 organization executed under the supervision of 92 managers. Results suggest that the manager role experience (i.e., the manager’s experience supervising workers) is instrumental in mitigating the potential negative effect of worker specialization on performance, measured as task execution time. Such influence, however, is contingent on cases in which organizational task experience (i.e., the organization’s experience in executing tasks of the same substantive content as the focal task) is limited. Taken together, our research contributes to multiple streams of research and unearths important insights on how multiple sources of experience beyond the workers themselves can help capture the elusive benefits of worker specialization.
Morphology, Histopathology and Hematology as Biomarkers of Cadmium Toxicity in Field Rats

Article info: Received: 01 Aug 2019 Accepted: 02 Dec 2019 Online Published: 10 Jan 2020 Research Paper: Morphology, Histopathology and Hematology as Biomarkers of Cadmium Toxicity in Field Rats * Corresponding author: Seyed Aftab Hussain Shah, PhD. Address: Pakistan Scientific & Technological Information Centre, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan. E-mail: saftabhshah@gmail.com
Change of the Rainfall Seasonality Over Central Peruvian Andes: Onset, End, Duration and Its Relationship With Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulation

Changes of the onset dates, end dates, and duration of the rainy season over central Peruvian Andes (Mantaro river basin, MRB) could severely affect water resources management and the main economic activities (e.g., rainfed agriculture, raising cattle, among others). Nonetheless, these changes have not been documented for the Tropical Andes. To asses that, we used daily datasets of observed rainfall during the 1965–2013 period. For this period, the average onset (end) date of the rainy season over the MRB occurs in the pentad 17 (19–23 September) [pentad 57 (7–11 April)]. The duration of the rainy season mainly is modulated by the onset dates due to it has higher variability than end dates. There is a reduction of 3 days/decade in the duration of wet season over the MRB for the last four decades due to the delay of the onset days. Furthermore, El Nino favors late-onset and early end of the rainy season, while La Nina favors early onset and late end of the rainy season in the MRB. Onset dates are related to the propagation of the convective region of the South American Monsoon System (SAMS), from the Caribbean region toward the central Amazon basin. Early (late)-onset days are associated with a southward (northward) shift of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) and weak (strong) convection over equatorial Atlantic that induces the southernmost propagation (eastward shift) of the SAMS.
A Trimetallic Pt2NiCo/C Electrocatalyst with Enhanced Activity and Durability for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Commercialization of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) requires that electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) satisfy two main considerations: materials must be highly active and show long-term stability in acid medium. Here, we describe the synthesis, physical characterization, and electrochemical evaluation of carbon-dispersed Pt2NiCo nanocatalysts for ORR in acid medium. We synthesized a trimetallic electrocatalyst via chemical route in organic medium and investigated the physical properties of the Pt2NiCo/C nanocatalyst by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy-scanning electron microscope (EDXS-SEM), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), whereas the catalytic activities of the Pt2NiCo/C and Pt/C nanocatalysts were determined through cyclic voltammetry (CV), CO-stripping, and rotating disk electrode (RDE) electrochemical techniques. XRD and EDXS-SEM results confirmed the presence of the three metals in the nanoparticles, and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) allowed observation of the Pt2NiCo nanoparticles at ~10 nm. The measured specific activity for the synthesized nanocatalyst is ~6.4-fold higher than that of Pt/C alone, and its mass activity is ~2.2-fold higher than that of Pt/C, which is attributed to the synergistic interaction of the trimetallic electrocatalyst. Furthermore, the specific and mass activities of the synthesized material are maintained after the accelerated stability test, whereas the catalytic properties of Pt/C decreased. These results suggest that the Pt2NiCo/C trimetallic nanocatalyst is a promising candidate cathode electrode for use in PEMFCs.
Potential Roles of Prostaglandin E 2 and Interleukin-1? in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease that is characterized by multifocal inflammation and demyelination in a central nervous system. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of MS that shows ascending flaccid paralysis with inflammation of spinal cord. We focus on the potential roles of inducible prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in EAE after myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 peptide immunization in this review. PGE2 synthesized by cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) or macrophages/microglia aggravates inflammation, demyelination and paralysis and facilitates the activation and differentiation of CD4-positive (CD4+) T cells into interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing helper T cells to promote neuronal dysfunction and blood-spinal cord barrier disruption in the EAE model. PGE2 also causes vascularity and increases IL-1β production in VECs and CD4+ T cells, and IL-1β plays a crucial role in facilitating EAE progression and stimulates the synthesis of COX-2 and mPGES-1 to produce PGE2. Thus, thelocal PGE2-IL-1ββ-PGE2 signalling pathway facilitates IL-17 production in inflammatory lesions in the spinal cord of EAE animals. This pathway represents a possible mechanism by which PGE2 participates in EAE pathology. Taken together, this evidence highlights the intercellular PGE2 signalling pathway in the spinal cord as a therapeutic target for ameliorating MS severity after disease onset.
Differences between Female and Male Inmates in Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) in Austria: Do We Need Treatment Programs Specific to the Needs of Females in AAT?

Simple Summary So far, many studies in the field of animal assisted therapies (AAT) show promising results in several areas for male and female participants. A newer study has found auspicious results for the target group of female inmates in 2013, which prompted our literature research and an additional gender and sex related evaluation of especially selected intervention data collected over a time period of ten years in specialized institutions with criminal offenders suffering from substance dependence syndrome. We found in our analysis that although male and female participants benefit both from the dog assisted group therapy (MTI), female drug dependent criminal offenders benefit less, especially regarding skills connected with emotions. Although practice and research in the area of AAT is booming and most studies promise positive results for a large variety of people, research has to focus on who benefits from which kind of intervention, what intensities and numbers of sessions are needed, and what prerequisites need to be met to allow benefits for all beings involved. Abstract With the growth of female inmates worldwide, research regarding specific treatment of these has become more important. Although new programs have been started, the lack of scientific results is startling. The goal of the current study was to identify differences between participants from the men’s and women’s section in a specialized prison for criminal offenders suffering from substance dependence syndrome regarding the effects of dog-assisted group therapy. Therefore, 81 incarcerated participants (50 male, 31 female) took part in a dog-assisted group therapy targeting socio-emotional competencies. Self-report questionnaires to measure self-concept (SDQ-III), emotional status (EMI-B) and emotional competencies (SEE) were employed. Statistical analysis included General Linear Model (GLM) procedures and η2 as concurrent effect size measure. Results demonstrate that participants from the women’s ward tend to benefit significantly less from the dog-assisted group therapy in most measured areas than men, especially in terms of their emotional status (e.g., aggressiveness) and emotional competencies (e.g., emotion regulation). Treatment programs specific to the needs of women might be a future challenge for practitioners and researchers in AAT.
Prospects for Erratic and Intensifying Madden-Julian Oscillations

The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a planetary-scale convective disturbance that typically forms in the equatorial Indian Ocean, propagates slowly eastward, and dissipates near the date line. This study examines how the MJO changes in response to a changing radiative forcing in a fully-Lagrangian coupled model (LCM) that is shown to simulate robust and realistic MJOs. After the LCM is spun up for 160 years to reproduce the late 20th century climate, non-water-vapor longwave optical depth is increased over 70 years to model the effects of increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases. The model is then run for another 30 years without additional changes to the radiative forcing. After the radiative forcing is modified, the MJO generally becomes more frequent and intense, but it is also more variable from one year to the next. Not only do composite MJO rainfall perturbations increase, but wind, temperature, and moisture perturbations also become stronger. The aspect of the MJO’s structure that changes the most is the largely dry equatorial Kelvin wave circulation that circumnavigates the globe between moist phases of the MJO. Potential impacts of these changes included alterations to the way in which the MJO modulates tropical cyclones, monsoon disturbances, and El Nino.