Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scalable and Adaptive Graph Neural Networks with Self-Label-Enhanced training

It is hard to directly implement Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) on large scaled graphs. Besides of existed neighbor sampling techniques, scalable methods decoupling graph convolutions and other learnable transformations into preprocessing and post classifier allow normal minibatch training. By replacing redundant concatenation operation with attention mechanism in SIGN, we propose Scalable and Adaptive Graph Neural Networks (SAGN). SAGN can adaptively gather neighborhood information among different hops. To further improve scalable models on semi-supervised learning tasks, we propose Self-Label-Enhance (SLE) framework combining self-training approach and label propagation in depth. We add base model with a scalable node label module. Then we iteratively train models and enhance train set in several stages. To generate input of node label module, we directly apply label propagation based on one-hot encoded label vectors without inner random masking. We find out that empirically the label leakage has been effectively alleviated after graph convolutions. The hard pseudo labels in enhanced train set participate in label propagation with true labels. Experiments on both inductive and transductive datasets demonstrate that, compared with other sampling-based and sampling-free methods, SAGN achieves better or comparable results and SLE can further improve performance.
Joule-Thomson expansion of lower-dimensional black holes

The Joule-Thomson expansion is extended to the lower-dimensional regime by considering the rotating BTZ metric in the (2+1)-dimensional space-time. Specifically, the properties of three important aspects of the Joule-Thomson expansion, namely the Joule-Thomson coefficient, the inversion curve and the isenthalpic curve are focused on. The divergence point of the Joule-Thomson coefficient and the zero point of the Hawking temperature are studied. The inversion temperature curves and isenthalpic curves in the $T-P$ plane are obtained and the cooling-heating regions are determined. Furthermore, the minimum inversion temperature is found to be zero, and the black hole becomes an extremal black hole. The ratio between the minimum inversion temperature and the critical temperature for the BTZ black hole doesn't exist, since the BTZ black hole does not have the critical behavior in $P_c$, $T_c$ and $V_c$.
Types of intraparenchymal hematoma as a predictor after revascularization in patients with anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke

Background: Intracranial hemorrhage after revascularization for acute ischemic stroke is associated with poor outcomes. Few reports have examined the relationship between parenchymal hematoma after revascularization and clinical outcomes. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the risk factors and clinical outcomes of parenchymal hematoma after revascularization for acute ischemic stroke. Methods: Ninety-three patients underwent revascularization for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke. Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared between patients with and without post procedural parenchymal hematoma using the following parameters: age, sex, occlusion location, presence of atrial fibrillation, diffusion-weighted imaging-Alberta stroke program early computed tomography score (DWI-ASPECTS), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, thrombolysis in cerebral infarction > 2b, door-to-puncture time, onset-to-recanalization time, number of passes, and modified Rankin Scale scores. Results: Parenchymal hematomas were not significantly correlated with age, sex, occlusion location, atrial fibrillation, DWI-ASPECTS, NIHSS score, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, thrombolysis in cerebral infarction > 2b, door-to-puncture time, onset-to-recanalization time, and number of passes, but were significantly correlated with poor clinical outcomes (P = 0.001) and absence of the anterior communicating artery evaluated using pre procedural time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (P = 0.03). Conclusion: Parenchymal hematoma was a predictor of poor outcomes. In particular, the absence of the anterior communicating artery on pre procedural time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography is a potential risk factor for parenchymal hematoma after revascularization for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke.
Incidental Malignant Colonic Polyp Detected in a Resected Ischaemic Large Bowel: A Case Report and Literature Review

Most patients with bowel cancer are symptomatic at the time of the diagnosis. They may present with a change in bowel habit, bleeding per rectum, abdominal pain, anaemia, weight loss or bowel obstruction. Colonic carcinoma can also be diagnosed incidentally during screening programs. Moreover, it may be incidentally detected in CT scans being performed for other indications or encountered during surgery for other causes. Some patients with colonic bowel ischaemia have associated large bowel cancer, where the ischaemic segment is usually proximal to the tumour and not necessarily associated with bowel obstruction. We are presenting a rare case of incidental malignant colonic polyp detected in a resected ischaemic large bowel in an 88-year-old gentleman. This was a very small tumour that was not visible macroscopically or detectable by imaging. Pathological examination of non-tumour colorectal resection specimens, as in this case, should include careful macroscopic examination and sequential block selection along the length of the colon, and where there is diffuse mucosal abnormality, block selection at 100mm interval is also advised. Attention to and block selection from any suspicious-looking area is warranted in all cases of non-tumour colorectal resections if such microscopic-sized malignancies of the type seen in our patient are to be picked up.
Disparities in Guideline-Concordant Initial Systemic Treatment in Women with HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer: A SEER-Medicare Analysis

Background Data on guideline-concordant initial systemic treatment among women with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) are limited. We determined the proportion of women with HER2-negative MBC who received guideline-concordant treatment and the extent to which independent variables explained differences in guideline-concordant treatment by hormone receptor (HR) status. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the SEER-Medicare database. We included women age >65 years diagnosed with HER2-negative MBC during 2010–2013. We used the National Comprehensive Cancer Network treatment guidelines to determine guideline-concordant initial treatment within the first 6 months of a cancer diagnosis. We conducted a multivariable logistic regression to identify the significant predictors of guideline-concordant treatment and a non-linear decomposition method to examine disparities by HR status. Results Among 1089 eligible women, 72.3% received guideline-concordant treatment. Compared to women who did not receive guideline-concordant treatment, women who received guideline-concordant treatment were more like to be comparatively older (p<0.05), married (p=0.0171), resided in areas with higher proportion of people age ≥25 years with at least four years of college education, and had positive HR status (p<0.0001). Approximately 8% of the disparity in guideline-concordant treatment by HR status was explained by their observed characteristics. Need-related factors explained the highest proportion (66.9%) of the disparity. Conclusion Our findings indicate improvement of care for older women, who are single/divorced, have negative HR status, and who live in area with lower education levels. Unexplained disparities in guideline-concordant treatment by HR status can be attributed to patient preferences for treatment, physician-level factors, and perceptions.
Contraceptive Method Utilization and Determinant Factors among Young Women (15-24) in Ethiopia: A Mixed-Effects Multilevel Logistic Regression Analysis of the Performance Monitoring for Action 2018 Household Survey

Despite highly effective modern contraceptive methods (both short and long acting) are made widely available and accessible globally, their utilization remains low among young women in low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. Hence, this study is aimed at determining its status and identifying the determinant factors by using nationally representative data. A multilevel analysis of the nationwide Performance Monitoring for Action 2018 of Ethiopia round 6 data, collected from June to July, 2018, was conducted. A total of 982 both married and unmarried young women (15-24) were included in the analysis. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the status of contraceptive method utilization and unmet need across regions. A mixed-effects multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify the determinants of the contraceptive method utilization. Adjusted odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were used to show the significance of the associations at p < 0.05. The status of contraceptive method utilization was 54.8% (95% CI: 51.7%, 57.9%), and 18.6% (95% CI: 16.3%, 21.2%) had unmet need. Afar (12.3%), Harari (12.5%), and Ethiopian Somali (20.0%) regions had the lowest contraceptive method utilization. Wealth quintiles and religion were the higher level variables affecting contraceptive method utilization among the young women. Age, marital status, parity, future birth intention, and knowledge of contraceptive methods were the individual level factors identified as determinants of contraceptive method use among the young women. In conclusion, the status of contraceptive method utilization among the young women in Ethiopia is promising as compared to the national target of 55% for 2020; however, still high unmet need exists. The factors also exist both at the contextual and at individual levels. Hence, multilevel interventions need to be in place giving special emphasis to the low performing regions. Besides, region-specific behavioral interventions and family planning services that will be able to reach the young women need to be designed.
Senhance Robotic Platform System for Gynecological Surgery

Background and Objectives: Laparoscopic hysterectomy provides patients and surgeons with benefits of less pain, quicker recovery, and better scar cosmesis. Previously, robotic surgical hysterectomy was reserved for patients with complicated disease issues. The objective of this case series was evaluating a new robotic surgical platform, Senhance Surgical System, as a surgical tool in common gynecological procedures. Methods: The clinic routinely collects surgical and outcome data for all patients and procedures. Data on robotic surgery in hysterectomy, salpingectomy, endometriosis excision, and lysis of adhesions was evaluated. Results: Fifteen consecutive patients that underwent gynecological surgery using the Senhance System were assessed. Average age was 47.27 years (31 – 63 years). Ten procedures were robotic total laparoscopic hysterectomy and 14 of 15 procedures had at least one salpingectomy. Average blood loss was 52.7 mL (10 – 100 mL). Pain scores at discharge averaged 1.42 and 2.73 at two weeks post-surgery. Minimal pain medication was used. Patient satisfaction with the surgery was 98% and satisfaction with scarring was 100%. Return to normal activities and to work averaged 7.93 and 11.1 days respectively. The haptic feedback and the platform visualization of the procedure was useful. The system provided more surgeon control over both camera and tools compared to previously used robotic systems and traditional laparoscopic surgery. Conclusion: This initial experience with Senhance Surgical System provided a stable, precise surgical technique with enhanced visualization within the confined space of the abdomen during gynecological surgery. The initial results suggest high patient satisfaction with gynecological surgery and resulting scars. Further study is needed to validate the findings.
CSF1R is a Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated with Immune Cell Infiltration in the Gastric Cancer Microenvironment

Purpose The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the progression and prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). This study investigated TME-associated genes and explored their roles in the GC microenvironment. Methods A total of 330 GC samples were extracted from TCGA. ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms were utilized to evaluate the stromal and immune scores of GC samples and the fraction of 22 immune cells infiltrated in the TME. Then, the TME-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined through integrative analysis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Cox regression analysis were conducted to analyze DEGs, and CSF1R was determined as the most crucial gene. We further probed the role of CSF1R in the GC microenvironment and evaluated the prognostic value of CSF1R. Results We identified 560 TME-related DEGs and found CSF1R associated with the development and prognosis of GC. Further analysis showed that CSF1R was involved in immune-related signaling pathways. Furthermore, CIBERSORT analysis revealed that CSF1R expression correlated with several kinds of infiltrating immune cells, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), B cells, NK cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, T cells, dendritic cells, and so on. Conclusion In summary, CSF1R might take part in the modulation of immune-active status in the GC microenvironment and could be a promising biomarker for GC therapy and prognosis.
Choroidal Vascular Changes in Acute Idiopathic Maculopathy as Demonstrated by Multimodal Imaging including Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Purpose. To present a case of acute idiopathic maculopathy (AIM) and illustrate primary choroidal perfusion defect using multimodal imaging. Case Description. We report a case of a 24-year-old man with a paracentral scotoma of the right eye and recent flu-like illness. The patient was found to have a unilateral ovoid-shaped, placoid lesion just inferior to the fovea. Multimodal imaging confirmed findings most consistent with a diagnosis of acute idiopathic maculopathy (AIM). Serologic studies confirmed a strongly positive immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer for coxsackievirus A. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography (SD-OCTA) showed bilateral areas of vascular reduction at the level of the choriocapillaris and choroid, sparing the retinal circulation. Conclusions and Importance. The changes in outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium, classically described in AIM, are likely secondary to choroidal hypoperfusion.
A Novel Transcription Factor-Based Prognostic Signature in Endometrial Cancer: Establishment and Validation

Background Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common malignancy of the female reproductive system worldwide. Increasing evidence has suggested that many transcription factors are aberrantly expressed in various cancers. This study aimed to develop a transcription factor-based prognostic signature for EC. Methods Gene expression data and clinical data of EC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Univariate Cox regression and Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to construct a prognostic signature. Then, the efficacy of the prognostic signature was validated in a training cohort, testing cohort and then the entire cohort. Correlations between clinical features and the model were also analyzed, and a nomogram based on the multivariate Cox analysis was developed. Furthermore, we verified the effect of a key transcription factor, E2F1, on biological functions of EC in vitro. Results We developed a nine-transcription factor (MSX1, HOXB9, E2F1, DLX4, BNC2, DLX2, PDX1, POU3F2, and FOXP3) prognostic signature. Compared with those in the low-risk group, patients in the high-risk group had worse clinical outcomes. The area under the curve (AUC) of this prognostic signature for 5-year survival was 0.806 in the training cohort, 0.710 in the testing cohort and 0.761 in the entire cohort. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed a correlation between the prognostic signature and various cancer signaling pathways, and a hub transcription factor regulatory network was constructed. The prognostic signature was confirmed to have independent predictive value. Finally, a nomogram based on the prognostic signature and clinical independent prognostic factors was also established and performed well according to the calibration curves. Further, knockdown of E2F1 inhibited invasion and metastasis of EC cells. Conclusion Our study developed and validated a transcription factor-based prognostic signature that accurately predicts prognosis of EC patients. Moreover, E2F1 may represent a potential target for the treatment of EC.
Naturally Occurring Resistance Associated Substitutions in Non-Cirrhotic, Treatment Naive HCV–HIV Co-Infected Patients Does Not Affect the Treatment Response for Anti-HCV Antiviral Therapy

Purpose Limited literature on the prevalence of baseline resistance associated substitutions (BL-RAS) among HCV–HIV co-infected patients and their association with treatment outcomes is available especially from India. Hence, the present study aimed to study naturally occurring RAS among non-cirrhotic HCV–HIV co-infected patients and their impact on the response to anti-HCV therapy. Patients and Methods In this retrospective study, archived blood samples of 80 HCV–HIV co-infected patients, before anti-HCV therapy initiation, were tested for substitutions at the drug acting sites (NS5a and NS5b) in the HCV genome by direct PCR sequencing. Results BL-RAS were seen in 19 (23.7%) patients. As well as BL-RAS, all patients were given sofosbuvir (SOF) 400 mg+ daclatasvir (DCV) 60 mg for 12 weeks. Overall, sustained virological response (SVR) was achieved in 63 (78.8%) patients, in 13 with BL-RAS and in 50 without BL-RAS. All the SVR failure cases (n=17) were retreated with SOF (400 mg) +DCV (60 mg)+ ribavirin (RBV) for 24 weeks. SVR was eventually attained in 14 (82.3%) patients, in 4/6 (66.6%) with BL-RAS and in 10/11 (91%) without BL-RAS. On univariate analysis, age more than 30 years (OR: 11.6; 95% CI: 3.0–45.5, p-value<0.001) and female gender (OR: 8.6; 95% CI: 1.1−69, p-value <0.009) were found to be significant factors associated with the attainment of SVR. Conclusion BL-RAS are common in HCV–HIV co-infected patients. The existence of BL-RAS, however, did not affect the attainment of SVR among non-cirrhotic, treatment naive HCV–HIV co-infected patients.
Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activities of Compounds Isolated from Distichochlamys benenica

Distichochlamys benenica is a native black ginger that grows in Vietnam. In point of fact, there is limitation of available information in the literature making mention of the chemical constituents and bioactive properties of this plant. This study is aimed at isolating trans-o-coumaric acid (1), trans-cinnamic acid (2), and borneol (3) from the rhizomes of D. benenica Q.B. Nguyen & Škorničk and evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of 1-3 using the carrageenan paw edema model and the dilution broth method, respectively. This revealed that 1 was as effective as diclofenac in reducing the intensity of the edema development. The in silico research showed that the activity of 1 might be derived from inhibiting COX-2 by generating h-bonds at the positions of Arg 120, Tyr 355, and Arg 513 residues. The antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive strains (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) were comparable, with the minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 1.52 to 3.37 mM. This is the first study of the bioactivity of compounds isolated from D. benenica Q.B. Nguyen & Škorničk. Our results suggest that 1 may be a nature-derived compound which demonstrates the anti-inflammatory properties and inhibit the proliferation of several Gram-positive bacteria.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among Women Attending Antenatal Care in Hadiya Zone Public Hospitals, Southern Nation Nationality People Region

Introduction In low- and middle-income countries, gestational diabetes mellitus is increasing globally; it is also a double burden of illness for both mothers and children. While gestational diabetes mellitus is recognized in Ethiopia, according to recent diagnostic criteria, information regarding it remains scarce. Objective To assess the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and associated factors among women attending antenatal care in Hadiya Zone public Hospitals, Southern Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional research on a total of 470 pregnant mothers was conducted in the Hadiya Region from August 2019 to December 2020. Finally, via the systematic random sampling process, the study subjects were chosen. A two-hour oral glucose tolerance test of 75 g was used to conduct the universal one-step screening and diagnostic technique. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify factors associated with gestational diabetes mellitus. Results Gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence was 26.2% (95% CI, 21.8, 30.5). Urban residents (AOR: 2.181; 95% CI: 1.274, 3.733), primary education (AOR:2.286; 95% CI: 1.396, 3.745), without previous history of abortion (AOR: 0.097; 95% CI: 0.048, 0.196), with history of late gestational age in weeks (29-32) (AOR: 0.393; 95% CI: 0.213, 0.723), with no history of coffee drinking (AOR: 2.704; 95% CI: 1.044, 7.006), and adequate dietary diversity (AOR: 2.740; 95% CI: 1.585, 4.739) were significantly associated with gestational diabetes mellitus. Conclusion In Hadiya Zone public Hospitals, the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus among women attending antenatal treatment was higher compared to other studies conducted. The urban residents, primary schooling, no prior history of abortion, late gestational age, no history of coffee drinking, and sufficient dietary diversity were significantly linked with gestational diabetes mellitus. To enhance maternal and child health, reinforcing screening, treatment, and prevention strategies for gestational diabetes mellitus is essential.
Physeal-Sparing Rigid Intramedullary Nailing in Adolescent Tibial Shaft Fractures: A Pilot Study

Purpose: Elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) and open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) are literature-supported operative treatments for displaced tibial shaft fractures in skeletally immature patients. Very little is written about rigid intramedullary nails (RIMNs) in adolescents. Our purpose is to describe a physeal-sparing, reamed, locked RIMN technique for adolescent tibial shaft fractures and report its safety. Methods: Adolescent patients with tibial shaft fractures indicated for operative intervention at one institution were retrospectively identified from 2011-2018. Patients were classified based on method of fracture fixation. Primary outcomes included fracture union, reoperation, and complication rates. Results: Thirteen patients were included in the RIMN arm, with an average age of 13.8 years. Two patients in the observational group underwent ESIN and seven patients underwent ORIF, with an average age of 11.5 years. Significant differences were found between time of immobilization (28 days vs 121 days), time to touch down weight bearing release (1 day vs 34 days), and hardware pain (2/13 vs 7/9). The RIMN group sustained fewer reoperations (2/13 vs 5/9). No differences were found in rates of complications or fixation failure between groups. Conclusions: Based on our small pilot study, RIMNs in adolescents should be considered as a potential treatment option when a physeal-sparing distal start point is utilized. Additionally, short-term follow-up suggests safety. Patients who underwent the RIMN procedure required fewer reoperations compared with the observational group. Overall, fracture healing was similar across the two groups. The benefits of RIMN include early immobilization and improved weight-bearing profile. Level of Evidence: IV.