Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of the Wheel—Rail Interface Management Model and Its Applications in Heavy Haul Operations

This article describes the wheel—rail interface management (WRIM) model being developed by Transportation Technology Center Inc. to evaluate wheel—rail interface conditions, plan wheel—rail maintenance, and develop strategies to improve railway system performance. The WRIM software integrates wheel—rail profile measurement data, vehicle performance data, track geometry data, and rail steel properties to predict rail wear and rolling contact fatigue (RCF) based on the shakedown theory, an energy-based RCF damage function, and existing wear rate computation algorithms.
An Opportunity Cost-Based Genetic Algorithm for a Modified Capacitated p-Median Problem

Median problems are combinatorial problems of searching for p facility locations (medians) that will serve a network of n demand nodes at a minimum cost. A Capacitated p-Median Problem (CPMP) allocates the demand of all nodes to the p facilities subject to the service capacity of each facility. In view of a future increase in demand of the network, this study presented a modified CPMP, called the CPkMP, which incorporates the network’s existing number of k facilities in search of new and additional p−k facility locations. This study evaluated the performance and applicability of a recently developed genetic algorithm (GA) that was used for a non-capacitated p-Median Problem (PMP) in order to solve the CPkMP. The proposed GA completes a combination of the needed p − k medians by implementing a child generation procedure that is based on opportunity costs. When the closest facility location that can satisfy the demand of a node is removed from the list of candidate locations, the demand is reassigned to another facility farther from the node, and the lost opportunity of not choosing the closest facility to minimize the distance traveled is called the opportunity cost (OC). The opportunity cost genetic algorithm (OC-GA) removes from the set of candidate locations a candidate with the lowest total opportunity costs arising from the additional distance of reassigning the network demands to farther candidate facilities. Computational tests of the OC-GA on ten CPMP problems from literature with known optimal solutions showed a 4.5% relative error from the known optimal solution. When the locations for the k existing facilities are selected from the optimal solution of CPMP, the needed additional p−k facilities in the CPkMP tend to converge to the remaining members of this optimal solution. More so, when the k existing facilities are different from the medians in the optimal CPMP solution, 50 to 70 percent of the searched p−k locations are part of the CPMP optimal solution.
Validity Considerations in Complex Task Design

• Background: With the growth of digital technology has come a desire to measure learning—both formatively and summatively—via complex performance tasks. Such tasks mimic the types of learning environments (whether digital or nondigital) familiar to learners, which is part of their appeal. Designed well, performance tasks present learners with similar affordances and challenges that they face in a non-assessment context, potentially allowing for greater generalizability (Conn et al., 2020). Yet complex and digital performance tasks may present some unique challenges in accumulating the necessary design-based and interpretation-based evidence of validity. In this paper, we discuss some of the measurement challenges and validity considerations associated with complex and digital performance tasks.
The acute effects of resistance training on fatigue in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis

Introduction: Sarcoidosis-related fatigue and skeletal muscle dysfunction are frequent symptoms in patients with sarcoidosis. Despite lacking knowledge whether high-intensity resistance training (RT) will worsen fatigue, low to moderate intensity is commonly recommended. This study aimed to investigate whether a single session of high-intensity RT will induce a larger acute increase in fatigue than a single RT session of moderate-intensity. Methods: In this crossover study, 41 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis (age: 53 ± 11 yr) were recruited. They randomly performed one session of high-intensity, 4 sets x 5 repetitions maximum (5RM), and one session of moderate-intensity, 2 sets x 25 RM. Fatigue was assessed with the Visual Analogue Scale (0-100 mm) before (T0), immediately after (T1) and 24 hours after (T2) each exercise session. Results: Fatigue development from T0 to T1 was significantly lower after 5RM (– 3 ± 18 mm) than after 25RM (5 ± 15 mm), p = 0.004. No difference was seen from T0 to T2 between 5RM (0 ± 17 mm) and 25RM (6 ± 18 mm), p = 0.147. Conclusion: Since the 5RM session did not induce a larger increase in fatigue than the 25RM session, a single session of RT thus appears feasible and safe in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis irrespective of the RT intensity. The long-term effects of high-intensity RT on fatigue should be explored in a RT program of longer duration.
Bazı Arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotiplerinin Edirne Koşullarında

This research was carried out to determine of yield and some agronomic characters of some barley genotypes which was developed by Trakya Agricultural Research Institute and Bulgaria Karnobat Research Institute. The experiments were set up with 25 barley genotypes in completely randomized blocks design with four replications during 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 growing years in the experimental field of Trakya Agricultural Research Institute. The characters such as grain yield, plant height, spike length, heading and maturating days and grain number per spike and correlation among these traits were investigated. The results of the study showed that there were significant differences among the genotypes based on investigated characters. The mean grain yield of the genotypes was 647,4 kg/da. The highest grain yield (764,9 kg/da) was computed in TEA1500-22 line. In Trakya region, earliness is very important to production second crops in one growing season. The early heading genotype was TEA1525-25 line, while DRT136 was the latest heading line. Plant height is another important traits especially for lodging resistance in barley, and plant height ranged between 91,8 cm and 101,4 cm in the genotypes. The shortest plant height was measured in Veslets, TEA1535-21 and Sladoran. The spike length ranged between 6,8 cm and 9,9 cm in genotypes. Grain number per spike was 57,8 in the genotypes with 6 rows and, 27,7 grain in genotypes with 2 rows. The significant and negative correlation coefficient was determined between grain yield with spike length (r=-0,563) and days of heading (r=-0,718) in genotypes which has two rows spike type. The significant and positive correlation was determined between grain yield grain and grain number per spike (r=0,740). It was found that genotypes with early maturing gave higher grain yield than the others.
Utilization of the Wondershare Filmora Application in Compiling Arabic Teaching Materials Based on Local Culture

Arabic is one of the international languages that is widely studied and used in various parts of the world, including Indonesia. The government determines Arabic as a foreign language that must be mastered by students who study in Islamic-based educational institutions, such as Islamic universities. There are many obstacles that occur in the field related to the Arabic learning process, including the unsuitability of the teaching materials used with the situations and conditions of students. The use of video editing applications such as Wondershare Filmora is expected to improve the ability of students in Arabic, especially combined with a local cultural approach in the process of compiling teaching materials. The preparation of Arabic teaching materials based on local culture utilizes the Wondershare Filmora application in its presentation process with the aim of increasing students' interest and ability to speak Arabic. This study uses the Research and Development method by carrying out the method proposed by Borg and Gall. With the preparation of Arabic teaching materials which contain local culture-based material and compiled using the Wondershare Filmora application, it is hoped that students will be able to use simple Arabic in daily communication or as the language of instruction in the learning process.
Spatial reorganization of analytes in charged aqueous microdroplets

Imprinted charged aqueous droplets of micrometer dimensions containing spherical gold and silver nanoparticles, gold nanorods, proteins and simple molecules were visualized using dark-field and transmission electron microscopies. With such studies, we hoped to understand the unusual chemistry exhibited by microdroplets. These droplets with sizes in the range of 1–100 μm were formed using a home-built electrospray source with nitrogen as the nebulization gas. Several remarkable features such as mass/size-selective segregation and spatial localization of solutes in nanometer-thin regions of microdroplets were visualized, along with the formation of micro–nano vacuoles. Electrospray parameters such as distance between the spray tip and surface, voltage and nebulization gas pressure influenced particle distribution within the droplets. We relate these features to unusual phenomena such as the enhancement of rates of chemical reactions in microdroplets.
A performance study of ceramic candle filters in Kenya including tests for coliphage removal

Approximately 80% of all diseases in the developing world are caused by contaminated water (GDRC, 1999). In response to this crisis, decentralized point-of-use systems, such as ceramic candle filters, have emerged as viable options for improving water quality at the household level. This thesis evaluates the performance of five brands of ceramic candle filters that are locally available in the developing nation of Kenya: the AquaMaster (Piedra candle), Doulton Super Sterasyl, Stefani São João, Pelikan, and Pozzani candles. Filters were evaluated based on turbidity removal, flow rate, total coliform and E. coli removal, and cost. The Pelikan filters were also subjected to tests for viral removal using MS2-coliphages. Results from studies indicated that the Pelikan filters were the most effective at removing turbidity from Charles River water (97% reduction). Turbidity removal by other filters ranged from 88%-94%. Results from studies utilizing more turbid Nairobi water showed filters to reduce turbidity by 97%-99%. Results from flow rate studies performed at MIT revealed the Doulton Super Sterasyl to possess a significantly greater flow rate (0.55 L/hr) than the other brands. The flow rates of the other filters ranged from 0.14-0.26 L/hr. Filter tests utilizing the more turbid Nairobi water showed flow rates of 0.09-0.24 L/hr. Results from coliform removal studies performed at MIT showed the AquaMaster (Piedra candle), Doulton Super Sterasyl, and Pelikan filters to remove significantly more total coliform and E. coli than the Pozzani filters. Percent removal by all filters tested at MIT ranged from 92%-<100%. Filter tests performed in Kenya showed percent total coliform and E. coli removals of up to 99.995%. The Pelikan filters were the cheapest filters purchased, retailing for $2 in Nairobi. Results of viral removal studies indicated that the Pelikan filters were not effective at removing viruses from solution. The results of this study support the use of Pelikan filters as an inexpensive and integral step in the household water treatment process. Sedimentation and/or coagulation are recommended prefiltration if highly turbid water is to be filtered. This action will ensure a higher flow rate. Additionally, disinfection is recommended post-filtration to remove any residual bacteria. Thesis Supervisor: Susan Murcott Title: Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Thesis Supervisor: Martin Polz Title: Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Farmers’ Exposure to Climate Hazards and Reforestation in Selected African Villages: An Endogenous-Switching Regression Model

Background: Deforestation remains a serious concern for Africa’s economic development and global climatic stability. Emphases are now placed on promoting some essential adaptive and mitigation strategies among smallholder farmers. This paper analyzed the effect of exposure to climate-related hazards on tree planting among smallholder farmers in nine selected African countries. The data were from baseline surveys which were conducted by the CGIAR’s research programme on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). The included countries were Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Tanzania and Uganda. Data were analyzed with Endogenous Switching regression considering the endogeneity potentials of climate-hazard exposure. Results: The results showed that Uganda and Ethiopia had the highest average numbers of tree planting with 1.082 and 1.000 respectively, while Senegal (89.86%), Kenya (87.77%), Burkina Faso (82.86%) and Ethiopia (82.86%) had the highest exposure to climate-related hazards. Endogenous Switching regression results showed that climate hazard exposure was truly endogenous going by statistical significance of the Wald Chi Square test (p<0.05) and it was significantly influenced by female household headship, perception of more droughts, floods and low ground water. The number of tree that were planted increased significantly (p<0.05) with climate hazard exposure, degraded land areas, asset indices and residence in East Africa, while it reduced with female household headship. In addition, Average Treatment Effect (ATE) result indicated that an average household will plant 0.745 trees more when it had been previously exposed to climate shocks while Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATET) revealed that an average household that was exposed to climate hazards would plant 0.54 more trees than it would if it had not been exposed to hazards. Conclusion: The major implication of the findings is that without having previously experienced some climatic adversities, farmers may not see the need to engage in tree planting as a mitigating strategy. It was concluded that many farmers had been affected by climate-related shocks and efforts to safeguard future climate through tree planting should be gender sensitive and concentrated among previously affected farmers.
Railway management and engineering

Railways and transport High speeds and magnetic levitation Policy and legislation Forecast of rail demand Costs and tarification Planning and management of railways The track system Mechanical behaviour of track Subgrade - geotechnical and hydrogeological analysis The rail Sleepers - fastenings Ballast Transverse effects - derailment Track layout Switches and crossings Laying and maintenance of track Slab track Train dynamics Rolling stock Diesel and electric traction Signaling - safety - Interoperability Environmental effects of railways List of references Abbreviations Index.
Non Linear Seismic Analysis of Masonry Structures

Nowadays, even though many new construction techniques have been introduced, masonry has got its own importance in building industry. Masonry structures fail miserably under lateral loading conditions like earth quakes and impact loads. The occurrence of recent earthquakes in India and in different parts of the world have highlighted that most of the loss of human lives and damage to property have been due to the collapse of masonry structures. Though an earthquake could not be prevented, the loss of life and property could be minimized, if necessary steps could be taken to reduce the damages on the existing masonry structures. This paper investigates the application ofNonlinear Seismic Analysis of a masonry building using ANSYS software and check the efficacy of retrofit measuresto protect the existing building.
Residual displacement ratios for assessment of existing structures

Results of an analytical study aimed at evaluating residual displacement ratios, Cr, which allow the estimation of residual displacement demands from maximum elastic displacement demands is presented. Residual displacement ratios were computed using response time‐history analyses of single‐degree‐of‐freedom systems having 6 levels of relative lateral strength when subjected to an ensemble of 240 earthquake ground motions recorded in stations placed on firm sites. The results were statistically organized to evaluate the influence of the following parameters: period of vibration, level of relative lateral strength, site conditions, earthquake magnitude, and distance to the source. In addition, the influence of post‐yield stiffness ratio in bilinear systems and of the unloading stiffness in stiffness‐degrading systems was also investigated. A special emphasis is given to the uncertainty of these ratios. From this study, it is concluded that mean residual displacement ratios are more sensitive to changes in local site conditions, earthquake magnitude, distance to the source range and hysteretic behaviour than mean inelastic displacement ratios. In particular, residual displacement ratios exhibit large levels of record‐to‐record variability and, therefore, this dispersion should be taken into account when estimating residual displacements. A simplified expression is presented to estimate mean residual displacements ratios for elastoplastic systems during the evaluation of existing structures built on firm soil sites. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Social Media Marketing on Purchase Decision with Brand Awareness as Mediation on Haroo Table

Haroo Table is an online bakery shop in Surabaya. Haroo Table’s promotional activities turns out is not enough to make company become the first choice because of competitors that has higher brand awareness. The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of social media marketing on purchasing decisions with brand awareness as mediation on Haroo Table. The population in this research is 112 people who following Haroo Table's Instagram and make transaction at least once. The sample that is taken for this research is 88 respondents with purposive sampling method and Slovin. Primary data collection technique is like questionnaires with Likert Scale and secondary data is like internal company data, competitor data and related literature. Data analysis technique uses SEM-PLS. Based on the results of the analysis, it is found that (1) social media marketing has a significant positive effect on Haroo Table brand awareness, (2) social media marketing has a significant positive influence on Haroo Table’s purchase decisions, (3) brand awareness has a significant positive influence on Haroo Table’s purchase decisions and (4) brand awareness can mediate the effect of social media marketing on Haroo Table’s purchase decision.
Reasonable Speed Limits on Suburban Multilane Highways with Curbs

When some two-lane roads with 55 mph speed limits are widened to four through lanes, curb and gutter is installed to address issues such as access control, difficult terrain, and limited right-of-way. Posted speed limits along such highway segments are typically decreased to 45 mph in North Carolina because of guidance in the AASHTO Green Book and elsewhere that vertical curbs should not be placed next to high-speed lanes. Although much money is spent to improve such roadways, the results may be viewed negatively by the public, design professionals, and law enforcement personnel. Drivers may be unhappy about getting tickets or driving more slowly, designers are unhappy about being blamed by the public, and police are unhappy about the increased enforcement burden. To help resolve such a dilemma, in this research the team collected relevant data such as speeds and collisions on four-lane road sections with curbs that have 45 or 55 mph speed limits and nontraversable medians or two-way left-turn lanes. The team found that the speed limit does not seem to make an important difference in collision rates or severities for the roads the team examined. The higher speed limit also made relatively small differences in the mean speeds and speed variances observed. Considering all results, the researchers recommended that the North Carolina Department of Transportation continue its current policy of allowing 55 mph speed limits on four-lane roads with curbs on a selective, case-by-case basis.
Application of TELUM by the Pikes Peak, Colorado, Area Council of Governments

For U.S. metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs), obtaining, preparing, and validating socioeconomic forecasts are fundamental tasks to ensure that logical, consistent, and approved population and employment data are provided to the travel demand models. This process is enhanced if the MPO includes both transportation and land use inputs into the forecast process. To fulfill these desires, the Pikes Peak Area Council of Governments (the MPO in Colorado Springs, Colorado) decided to use TELUM–-transportation, economic, and land use model software–-to conduct the land use forecasting task. TELUM was developed by Stephen Putman and the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) as part of the transportation, economic, and land use system sponsored by FHWA. With assistance from NJIT, MPO staff serving this 500,000-plus person region calibrated the land use model for the 2000 to 2005 period and then used TELUM to produce land use forecasts for six 5-year increments between 2005 and 2035. The Colorado Springs region has a unique character, including a workforce that is 11% active military personnel, a diverse employment profile including high-tech manufacturing and a large recreation-based workforce, and a growing retiree population. Additionally, the MPO area includes a dense urban area, large exurban developments, rugged mountain areas, and frontier grasslands, all of which challenged the technical staff that worked on model development. The technical and policy insights and lessons learned from the TELUM application in Colorado Springs have transferable value for all sizes of MPOs faced with forecasting development and transportation.
Sustainable Utilisation of Raw Sewage Sludge (RSS) as a Water Replacement in Cement-Based Materials Containing Unprocessed Fly Ash

ii TABLE OF CONTENTS . iii LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF FIGURES . xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . xx DEDICATION . xxi 1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 BACKGROUND . 1 1.2 NOVELTY AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH . 2 1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES . 2 1.4 EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME . 3 1.5 SCOPE OF THE PRESENT INVESTIGATION . 6 2 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 10 2.
Robust position control of AC servo motors

In this paper, we propose a robust position control scheme for AC servo motors. We adopt a disturbance torque suppresser to eliminate the effects of the disturbance torque and variation in moment of inertia, thus the proposed controller has improved robustness. We can, thereby, reduce position errors due to the disturbances. Some simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the superior position tracking performance of the proposed controller over the conventional proportional-integral (PI) and feedforward controller.