Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Why and How Should We Assess the Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis? A Single-Centre Experience with Carotid Intima-Media Measurements

Background: Children diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are thought to be more likely to develop cardiovascular disease in adulthood. The factors modulating the cardiovascular risk, involving exposure to secondhand smoking, sedentary lifestyle and abnormal body mass index, might have had a stronger impact during the COVID-19 pandemic. The lack of reliable prognostic markers for a higher probability of cardiovascular events might be solved by carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) measurement. The paramount goal of the study was to assess its usefulness in JIA patients. Materials and Methods: The results of cIMT measured by a single physician in 45 children diagnosed with JIA were compared to 37 age- and sex-matched healthy counterparts. The analysis also involved anthropometric parameters, laboratory tests, and a survey regarding lifestyle-related factors. Results: Four JIA patients appeared to have cIMT above the 94th percentile. A positive correlation between erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR) and right carotid artery percentiles was found. Passive smoking increased the cardiovascular risk regardless of JIA. Doubling the daily screen time during the pandemic led to a significant reduction in children’s physical activity. However, the number of enrolled subjects was not enough to make significant recommendations. Conclusions: cIMT measurements remain an interesting perspective for future cardiovascular screening of children with JIA. It has yet to be determined whether it should be considered in all JIA patients on a reliable basis.
Impact of soil moisture and convectively generated waves on the initiation of a West African mesoscale convective system

A mesoscale convective system (MCS) case study was observed over northeast Mali as part of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) on 31 July 2006. Observations of this case suggest that the soil‐moisture heterogeneity and atmospheric gravity waves emitted from a ‘parent’ MCS were important trigger mechanisms for this system. This study uses high‐resolution Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) simulations to assess the importance of the synoptic circulation, land‐surface and gravity waves in the initiation and development of the MCS. During the early afternoon shallow convection developed over a region of dry soil within a synoptic‐scale convergence zone, which was caused by the confluence of the southerly monsoon flow with winds associated with the circulation around the Saharan heat low. Two pronounced waves were emitted from a nearby ‘parent’ storm and propagated towards the convergence zone. When the second wave reached the location of the shallow convection, deep convection was immediately initiated. Further convective cells developed later in the afternoon over dry soil, many adjacent to strong soil moisture gradients; these aggregated with the main storm, which later developed into the case study MCS. A comparison of model simulations with/without the soil‐moisture heterogeneity and gravity waves shows that the synoptic‐scale circulation and convergence zones, specified by the atmospheric analysis, were the most important factors for the successful simulation of the MCS. If the location of the initiation of the system is to be forecast accurately, the land‐surface, that is, the soil moisture, must be represented adequately. In order to reproduce the timing of the secondary initiation of convection correctly the model must be able to capture gravity waves that are emitted by existing systems.
Eruption of an Active-Region Filament Driven by an Emerging Bipole

A section of an S-shaped filament underwent an eruption in a sigmoidal active region (AR 8027) with S-shaped coronal structure, which was clearly driven by a bipole emerging below the NW end of the filament. The bipole with two separating poles showed typical characteristics of emerging flux region (EFR) and its axis rotated counterclockwise. Two cancelling magnetic features (CMFs) were formed between the two poles and adjacent flux with opposite polarity and substantial flux cancellation occurred in them. Along with the bipole emergence the filament was strongly disturbed. Just before the filament eruption, two X-ray loops overlying the filament brightened, an axial X-ray structure and then a cusp structure appeared. During the eruption first the whole filament rose and then its SE end broke away from the chromosphere, while its NW end remained stationary. Helical structure and motion were observed in the filament body and downward mass motion in the two ends. After the eruption, a major part of the filament remained and slowly returned to quiescence, and an X-ray arcade and an axial structure formed. These observations suggest that the eruption resulted from the interaction between the bipole and the overlying loops. We provide evidence that steady photospheric reconnection between their footprints took place in the two CMFs during the bipole emergence.
Plastid Phosphatidylglycerol Homeostasis Is Required for Plant Growth and Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana

A unique feature of plastid phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is a trans-double bond specifically at the sn-2 position of 16C fatty acid (16:1t- PG), which is catalyzed by FATTY ACID DESATURASE 4 (FAD4). To offer additional insights about the in vivo roles of FAD4 and its product 16:1t-PG, FAD4 overexpression lines (OX-FAD4s) were generated in Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia ecotype. When grown under continuous light condition, the fad4-2 and OX-FAD4s plants exhibited higher growth rates compared to WT control. Total lipids were isolated from Col, fad4-2, and OX-FAD4_2 plants, and polar lipids quantified by lipidomic profiling. We found that disrupting FAD4 expression altered prokaryotic and eukaryotic PG content and composition. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG) was up-regulated in OX-FAD4 plants but not in fad4-2 mutant. We propose that 16:1t-PG homeostasis in plastid envelope membranes may coordinate plant growth and stress response by restricting photoassimilate export from the chloroplast.
SHAPE SLOPE PARAMETER DISTRIBUTION MODELLING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING BY RAIN DROPS

Gamma model parameters using 2nd, 3rd and 4th moments are calculated from the drop size data of Singapore. The gamma model is simplifled into two parameter model by flnding a relation between the shape and slope parameters, " and ⁄. Due to the poor correlation found between " and ⁄, the drop size data is flltered based on their rain rates before a good correlation between the two parameters can be found. The "-⁄ relations are then fltted for the difierent ranges of rain rate flltering. Scatter plots of " and ⁄ are plotted with constant median volume diameter (D0) lines. The "-⁄ relations for the difierent rain types for the tropical island of Singapore are proposed and compared with the "-⁄ relations from three other countries of difierent climatic zones. T-Matrix calculations are performed to flnd the polarimetric variables at S-band by using the gamma DSD calculated from the Singapore's drop size data. The calculated difierential re∞ectivity and horizontal re∞ectivity are used along with the best "-⁄ relations to flnd the gamma model parameters. The retrieved rain rate using polarimetric variables is compared with the distrometer's measured rain rate. Results show a good agreement between the retrieved rain rate and the measured rain rate. Therefore, the proposed shape slope relationship is found to be suitable for rain rate retrieval.
Union formation and fertility amongst immigrants from Pakistan and their descendants in the United Kingdom: A multichannel sequence analysis

BACKGROUND Previous work identifies conservative family behaviour amongst Pakistanis in the United Kingdom relative to natives, including earlier marriages, fewer dissolutions, and higher fertility. However, few studies have investigated how fertility and partnership are intertwined and interdependent. OBJECTIVE Our aims are, first, to identify differences between the family trajectories of Pakistanis and natives and, second, to determine if patterns are consistent across immigrant generations. Finally, we aim to identify how family trajectories vary across birth cohorts and education levels. METHODS We apply multichannel sequence analysis (MCSA) to data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study. We first use clustering methods to group similar individuals and then apply multinomial logistic regression to calculate the probability of belonging to a cluster based on individual characteristics. RESULTS The Pakistani population exhibits a higher likelihood of entering a direct marriage and having large families compared to natives. Cohabitation is rare amongst Pakistani population. These patterns have changed little between immigrant generations. Degree1 School of Geography and Sustainable Development & School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom. Email: jh383@st-andrews.ac. uk. 2 School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom. 3 School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom. Harrison et al.: Union formation and fertility of Pakistani immigrants and their descendants in the UK 272 https://www.demographic-research.org level education is associated with a higher likelihood of adopting behaviours typical to ancestral natives; however, the effects are not large enough to indicate convergence. CONTRIBUTION We demonstrate the need to investigate partnership and fertility trajectories simultaneously and show the value of MCSA for identifying differences between migrant groups. The results improve our understanding of family formation patterns of Pakistani immigrants and their descendants in the United Kingdom.
Linear inversion of ban limit reflection seismograms

We present a method for the linear inversion (deconvolution) of band-limited reflection seismograms. A large convolution problem is first broken up into a sequence of smaller problems. Each small problem is then posed as an optimization problem to resolve the ambiguity presented by the band-limited nature of the data. A new cost functional is proposed that allows robust profile reconstruction in the presence of noise. An algorithm for minimizing the cost functional is described. We present numerical experiments which simulate data interpretation using this procedure.
Curve and surface fitting with splines

Part 1 Spline functions: univariate splines bivariate splines. Part 2 Curve fitting: an introduction least-squares spline curve fitting smoothing spline curve fitting more smoothing spline curves fitting with convexity constraints. Part 3 Surface fitting: an introduction scattered data surface fitting mesh data surface fitting more scattered data smoothing more mesh data smoothing Part 4 Fitpack: available software.
Adaptive control of systems with mismatched non-linearities and time-varying delays using state measurements

In this study, the authors develop a new delay-dependent adaptive control design method for a class of nominally linear continuous-time systems with time-varying delays and unknown non-linearities. The parameter uncertainties are convex-bounded and the unknown non-linearities are mismatched time-varying perturbations satisfying Lipschitz conditions in the state and delayed state. A new delay-dependent procedure is constructed based on a new form of Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) together with a free-weighting matrix equation and the integral inequality. The feedback gains are determined by convex optimisation over linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) such that closed-loop adaptive controlled system is asymptotically stable. The theoretical developments are then extended to the case of polytopic uncertainties by deploying a parameter-dependent LKF. All the obtained results are tested on representative examples.
Broadband solar fluxes and heating rates for atmospheres with 3D broken clouds

A 3D Monte Carlo photon transport algorithm is presented that computes broadband solar fluxes and heating rates. It treats attenuation by cloud droplets and gases separately and can produce 3D distributions of constituent absorptances. Underlying surfaces are accounted for and diurnal‐mean calculations can be achieved in the same time as typical single‐zenith‐angle experiments. Domain‐averaged fluxes and heating rate profiles are presented for two very different 3D cloud fields: (i) scattered, shallow cumuli inferred from Landsat imagery; and (ii) towering clouds simulated by a cloud‐resolving model. Plane‐parallel, homogeneous (PPH), independent column approximation (ICA), and clear‐sky versions of the 3D fields were generated and used as well.
Computational aspects of gain-frequency response for sampled-data systems

This paper addresses the computational aspects of the frequency response for sampled-data systems. We first give two types of lower bound formulas. The first is derived via fast sampling of the input functions and the second is derived via the dual system. It is shown that as the fast sampling period approaches zero, these lower bounds converge to the gain. Two different formulas for upper bounds are also obtained. One is based on the information about the closed-loop poles, and another relates the gains of the /spl Hscr//sub 2/ norm equivalent discrete-time system. We then discuss the bisection search. It is seen that where certain non-degeneracy condition holds, bisection search is possible, some comparisons are made with numerical examples.
C‐statistical quantum groups and Weyl algebras

C‐statistical quantum groups and algebras are obtained by a process of transmutation. They are like super‐quantum groups and algebras but with statistics given now by a complex number. Among the examples, it is shown that the Weyl algebra of canonical quantization may be viewed equivalently as a C‐statistical plane. Related examples are the ‘‘noncommutative torus’’ and a double loop‐variable quantization of photons. These results lead toward a reformulation of ordinary quantum mechanics as a classical theory with C‐statistics. In this reformulation, the role of the ±1 factors of super statistics is played by the free‐particle time evolution.
Mathematics instruction and the tablet PC

The use of tablet PCs in teaching is a relatively new phenomenon. A cross between a notebook computer and a personal digital assistant (PDA), the tablet PC has all of the features of a notebook with the additional capability that the screen can also be used for input. Tablet PCs are usually equipped with a stylus that allows the user to write on the screen. Handwriting recognition software converts this input into text for use with software such as internet browsers and email programs. As an educational tool, two of the most important features of the tablet PC are annotation and wireless communication. The annotation feature allows the user to write on almost any document much as one would annotate a printout of the same document. The wireless communication feature allows tablet PCs to share information with one another. The advantages of these features and their impact on the Murray State University (MSU) classroom will be discussed in the evaluation section.
A Novel Dynamic Operation Optimization Method Based on Multiobjective Deep Reinforcement Learning for Steelmaking Process

This article studies a dynamic operation optimization problem for a steelmaking process. The problem is defined to determine optimal operation parameters that bring smelting process indices close to their desired values. The operation optimization technologies have been applied successfully for endpoint steelmaking, but it is still challenging for the dynamic smelting process because of the high temperature and complex physical and chemical reactions. A framework of deep deterministic policy gradient is applied to solve the dynamic operation optimization problem in the steelmaking process. Then, an energy-informed restricted Boltzmann machine method with physical interpretability is developed to construct the actor and critic networks in reinforcement learning (RL) for dynamic decision-making operations. It can provide a posterior probability for each action to guide training in each state. Furthermore, in terms of the design of neural network (NN) architecture, a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm is used to optimize the model hyperparameters, and a knee solution strategy is designed to balance the model accuracy and complexity of neural networks. Experiments are conducted on real data from a steelmaking production process to verify the practicability of the developed model. The experimental results show the advantages and effectiveness of the proposed method compared with other methods. It can meet the requirements of the specified quality of molten steel.
Eye-Blink Artifact Reduction Using 2-Step Nonnegative Matrix Factorization for Single-Channel Electroencephalographic Signals

Artifact reduction from electroencephalographic (EEG) signals is an important process in the numerical analysis of brain activities. In general, independent component analysis (ICA) is employed for artifact reduction from multichannel EEG devices. On the other hand, single-channel EEG devices have recently become attractive because of their usability for measurement and their portability. However, it is ill-defined problem to design a numerical approach for eye-blink artifact reduction from single-channel EEG signals. In this paper, we therefore propose a new artifact reduction method based on 2-step nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) for single-channel EEG signals. In an experiment, we conducted 2-step NMF to reject eye-blink artifacts using single-channel EEG signals recorded at Fp1. We also applied ICA to multichannel EEG signals and compared the results with those obtained by the proposed method. The experimental results show a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) between the signals reconstructed using the proposed method and those obtained by ICA. Moreover, we confirm the coefficient of correlation of over 99% for estimating the recorded EEG signals by the proposed method.
ENDOSCOPIE ET CHANGEMENT DE CARACTÉRISTIQUE

Soient $\bm{G}$ un groupe réductif connexe sur un corps local non archimédien $F$ et $\bm{H}$ un groupe endoscopique de $\bm{G}$. On suppose $\bm{G}$ et $\bm{H}$ non ramifiés. Le {\og}lemme fondamental{\fg} affirme l’égalité de certaines sommes pondérées d’intégrales orbitales sur $\bm{G}(F)$ et sur $\bm{H}(F)$. On peut descendre cette assertion en un {\og}lemme fondamental pour les algèbres de Lie{\fg} affirmant l’égalité de sommes pondérées analogues sur $\bm{\mathfrak{g}}(F)$ et sur $\bm{\mathfrak{h}}(F)$, où $\bm{\mathfrak{g}}$ et $\bm{\mathfrak{h}}$ sont les algèbres de Lie de $\bm{G}$ et $\bm{H}$. Cette assertion est cruciale pour la théorie de l’endoscopie de Langlands. D’importants cas particuliers ont été prouvés récemment, sous l’hypothèse que la caractéristique de $F$ est positive. Nous donnons un sens précis à l’assertion suivante, et nous la prouvons : soient $F$ et $F'$ deux corps locaux de même corps résiduel $\mathbb{F}_{q}$ et de caractéristique résiduelle $p$ assez grande ; supposons le lemme fondamental (pour les algèbres de Lie) vrai sur le corps de base $F$ ; alors ce lemme est vrai sur le corps de base $F'$. Cela permet de relever ce lemme de la caractéristique positive à la caractéristique nulle. Une grande partie de l’article est consacrée à reformuler des théories bien connues (endoscopie, immeubles, réseaux de Moy–Prasad) de sorte que $F$ n’y intervienne que via le corps résiduel $\mathbb{F}_{q}$. Let $\bm{G}$ be a connected reductive group over a non-archimedean local field $F$ and let $\bm{H}$ be an endoscopic group of $\bm{G}$. We suppose that $\bm{G}$ and $\bm{H}$ are unramified. The fundamental lemma asserts an equality between certain linear combinations of integral orbitals over $\bm{G}(F)$ and $\bm{H}(F)$. We can translate this assertion in a ‘fundamental lemma for Lie algebras’, that is, a conjectural equality between linear combinations of integral orbitals over $\bm{\mathfrak{g}}(F)$ and $\bm{\mathfrak{h}}(F)$, where $\bm{\mathfrak{g}}$ and $\bm{\mathfrak{h}}$ are the Lie algebras of $\bm{G}$ and $\bm{H}$. Important particular cases of this lemma were recently proved, assuming the characteristic of $F$ to be positive. We give a precise meaning to the following assertion and we prove it: let $F$ and $F'$ be two local fields with the same residue field $\mathbb{F}_{q}$ and with ‘big’ residual characteristic; suppose that the fundamental lemma (for Lie algebras) is true over $F$; then it is true over $F'$. In particular, we can lift the lemma to $0$-characteristic if it is known for positive characteristic. A large part of the article reformulates well-known constructions (endoscopy, buildings, Moy–Prasad filtrations) so that $F$ appears only via his residual field $\mathbb{F}_{q}$.
Spectral models for covariance matrices

A new model for the simultaneous eigenstructure of multiple covariance matrices is proposed. The model is much more flexible than existing models and subsumes most of them as special cases. A Fisher scoring algorithm for computing maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters under normality is given. Asymptotic distributions of the estimators are derived under normality as well as under arbitrary distributions having finite fourth-order cumulants. Special attention is given to elliptically contoured distributions. Likelihood ratio tests are described and sufficient conditions are given under which the test statistics are asymptotically distributed as chi-squared random variables. Procedures are derived for evaluating Bartlett corrections under normality. Some conjectures made by Flury (1988) are verified; others are refuted. A small simulation study of the adequacy of the Bartlett correction is described and the new procedures are illustrated on two datasets. Copyright Biometrika Trust 2002, Oxford University Press.
Made-to-measure Modelling of Nuclear Star Clusters

The nuclear star clusters of late-type spiral galaxies are comprised of multiple components. Gemini near-infrared spectroscopy of the nuclear star cluster in NGC 4244 shows clear rotation. Earlier, De Lorenzi et al. (2013) constructed two component (disc + spheroid) axisymmetric three integral particle models of NGC 4244, finding a negative vertical anisotropy (βz < 0). We construct a series of axisymmetric, single-component, particle models of NGC 4244 using these data, combined with F814W band photometric data from the Hubble space telescope and the χ2-made-to-measure code NMAGIC. We find a best fitting central black hole mass of 5 x 105 M⊙ . Our models also have a negative βz, as in earlier models. We conclude that although the disc component of NGC 4244’s nuclear star cluster is clearly present, it has a negligible effect on the measured kinematics. We also present a preliminary density model for the nuclear star cluster residing in the pure spiral galaxy M33.
Multiple scattering from two dielectric-filled semi-circular channels in a conducting plane: TM case

The behavior of TM-wave scattering from two dielectric-filled semi-circular channels in a perfectly conducting substrate is investigated. The scattered field is represented in terms of an infinite series of radial modes with unknown coefficients. By applying separation of variables and employing the partial orthogonality of sine functions, the unknown coefficients are obtained. The resulting infinite series is then truncated to a finite number of terms to produce numerical results. Plotted results for the radar cross sections reveal how the scattering properties may be varied by changing several physical and geometrical parameters of the structure.