Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variable Retort Temperature Profiles for Canned Papaya Puree

Constant retort temperature (CRT) processes for thermally treated foods are usually time-consuming and have drastic impact on food quality. Variable retort temperature (VRT) processes may decrease the processing time and may retain better the food nutritional quality. Five isolethal profiles (one CRT and four VRT) for preparing papaya puree (pH 3.8) were designed using pectin methyl esterase as the target enzyme for thermal processing, and their effect on the puree quality was evaluated. The objective was to compare these profiles based on processing time, vitamin C retention, consistency index and color. The VRT isolethal profiles reduced the processing time up to 33.3% compared with CRT, whereas vitamin C, consistency index and chroma were retained up to 65, 71 and 89%, respectively, compared with fresh puree. The best resulting treatment was a VRT upstairs profile (75C/19 min, 80C/8.5 min, 90C/10.7 min and 6C/20.8 min). The results show that the use of VRT profiles allows retaining the nutritional quality of canned papaya puree. Practical Applications This research explored the use of variable retort temperature to increase product quality and improve processing time in canning of papaya puree. In an upstairs profile, 65% of vitamin C was retained compared with fresh product. The results would be useful for canning of conduction-heated foods.
Catalytic effects of metallic fuel additives on oxidation characteristics of trapped diesel soot

The oxidations of trapped diesel soots containing catalytic metals such as Ca, Ba, Fe, or Ni were characterized through thermogravimetric analysis with a thermobalance. Soot particles were generated by a single cylinder IDI diesel engine with metallic fuel additives. A two-stage oxidation process was observed with the metal-containing soots. It was found that the first stage of oxidation is catalytically promoted by metal additives resulting in an enhanced reaction rate and a reduced activation energy. Soot reduction in the rapid first stage increases with increases in metal content. Soots containing Ba and Ca are oxidized most rapidly due to the larger reduction during the first stage. The second stage of oxidation is also slightly promoted by metal addition. The ignition temperature of the collected soot is substantially reduced by the metal additives.
Reversible energy storage on a fuel cell-supercapacitor hybrid device

A new concept of energy storage based on hydrogen which operates reversibly near ambient conditions and without important energy losses is investigated. This concept involves the hybridization between a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a supercapacitor. The main idea consists in the electrochemical splitting of hydrogen at a PEM fuel cell-type electrode into protons and electrons and then in the storage of these two species separately in the electrical double layer of a supercapacitor-type electrode which is made of electrically conductive large-surface area carbon materials. The investigation of this concept was performed first using a two-electrode fuel cell-supercapacitor hybrid device. A three-electrode hybrid cell was used to explore the application of this concept as a hydrogen buffer integrated inside a PEM fuel cell to be used in case of peak power demand. Ein neues Konzept zur Energiespeicherung basierend auf Wasserstoff wurde untersucht, welches bei Standardbedingungen reversibel und ohne bedeutenden Energieverlust funktioniert. Es beinhaltet die Hybridisierung einer Brennstoffzelle und eines Superkondensators. Die Grundidee besteht in der elektrochemischen Spaltung von Wasserstoff in Protonen und Elektronen an einer PEM-Brennstoffzellen-Elektrode sowie in der separaten Speicherung beider Spezies in einer elektrolytischen Doppelschicht einer Superkondensator-Elektrode, die aus elektrisch leitfahigen Kohlenstoffmaterialien mit groser Oberflache hergestellt ist. Die Untersuchung dieses Konzepts wurde zuerst an einem Hybrid aus zwei Elektroden - einer Brennstoffzelle und einem Superkondensator - durchgefuhrt. Mit einer Drei-Elektroden-Hybridzelle wurden die Moglichkeiten und Grenzen des Konzepts als Wasserstoffpuffer integriert in einer PEM-Brennstoffzelle untersucht. Dieser Puffer kann im Falle eines Spitzenleistungsbedarfs eingesetzt werden.
The proximate compositions and mineral contents of Neptunia oleracea Loureiro, an aquatic plant from Malaysia -

This study was carried out to assess the availability of lesser known aquatic plant Neptunia oleracea Loureiro in Sibu Central native market throughout the year in order to determine the availability market price, edible part’s, i.e., weight, diameter, length and the composition of proximate and minerals content of N. oleracea. The bunch’s weight, number of individual shoot and their weight were significantly higher (p≤0.05) in April compared to October. N. oleracea was offered to customer in bunches of 106.91-149.41 g. Each individual young shoot varied in length, diameter and weight as 32.00-33.43 cm, 6.11-6.16 mm and 8.4-9.71 g, respectively. The proximate and mineral compositions of N. oleracea categorizing as moisture content > crude protein > crude fiber > ash > crude fat and K > P > Ca > Na > Mg > Mn > Zn > Cu, respectively. Moisture content was significantly higher in April (83.75Â±0.55%) and October (86.26Â±0.62%). However with respect to mineral content, calcium (348.00Â±14.93 and 381.42Â±9.00 mg/100g), phosphorous (395.67Â±26.50 and 405.92Â±43.67 mg/100g), copper (2.58Â±0.29 and 2.97Â±0.12 mg/100g) and Ca/P (0.88Â±0.09 and 0.95Â±0.11) were significantly lower in April than those observe in October (p≤0.05). Thus, the edible parts of N. oleracea provide good sources of crude protein, crude fiber, ash, calorie and mineral such as potassium.
Burn front velocity as a function of pellet density in iron/potassium perchlorate heat powders

Using optical-electronic methods, burn front velocities have been measured for heat pellets of densities which varied between 2.77 Mg/m/sup 3/ and 4.92 Mg/m/sup 3/. Velocity was found to decline with increasing density above 3.5 Mg/m/sup 3/. At densities greater than 4.4 Mg/m/sup 3/, self quenching of the combustion was frequently observed. At densities above 5 Mg/m/sup 3/, pellets could not be ignited.
Effect of different spacings and varieties on yield parameters of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.].

The present investigation entitled effect of different spacing and varieties on yield parameters of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ) var. GUJARAT COWPEA – 3 was conducted during summer, 2008. The results revealed that yield attributes of different varieties of cowpea were significantly influenced length of pod, number of grains per pod, green pod yield per plant, plot and per hectare and took minimum days to first flowering. Maximum length of pod, number of grains per pod and green pod yield per plant was recorded with S 3 V 3 treatment combination i.e. 60 x 15 cm spacing with GC-3 while green pod yield per plot and per hectare was found with S 1 V 3 treatment combination i.e. 30 x 15 cm spacing with GC-3. Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ] is a promising vegetable crop of India. In India, the pulse green vegetables are very important source of protein for human diet, as more than 80 per cent of population is vegetarian. However, the production of vegetables is not keeping pace with growing population of the country. Cowpea is shallow rooted crop and is grown well under low fertility soil and low moisture regime conditions prevailing in some Indian states. Cultivation of cowpea in summer season is increasing in Gujarat, especially in South Gujarat where perennial water supply from UkaiKakrapara project is available to meet the demand of irrigation. Total area under vegetable crop in Gujarat is 3,66,051 ha and production is 60,62,626 M.T. Anonymous (2007). Whereas, area under cowpea in Gujarat is 18,811 ha with production of 1,66,391 M.T. (Anonymous, 2007). The chemical analysis of cowpea seed shows that it which contains moisture 11.00 per cent, protein 23.40 per cent, fat 0.30 per cent, carbohydrate 56.80 per cent, fibre 3.90 per cent and ash 3.20 per cent (Smartt, 1976). Cowpea is known for its ability to restore soil fertility, but inadequate attention has been paid to increase its potential although its yield potential is limited. When promising genotypes with higher yield potential are identified, it is necessary to establish the appropriate agronomic manipulations for See end of the article for authors’ affiliations
Ionization in oxygen-hydrogen mixtures

Current-growth measurements have been made in mixtures of oxygen and hydrogen for a wide range of experimental parameters and mixture concentrations. These mixtures were chosen because hydrogen removes the primary O− negative ions formed in oxygen, through a rapid associative detachment reaction, making the mixture behave as a non-attaching gas. This simplifies the analysis required to obtain ionization coefficients and should give more accurate values of the ionization coefficient for oxygen than can be obtained from measurement in pure oxygen. To check that at any value of E/N the mean energies of the O2-H2 mixtures were not significantly different from those of pure oxygen, the Boltzmann equation for the gas mixtures was solved and the transport properties of the mixture calculated. It was found that for O2-H2 mixtures containing less than 10% hydrogen, the mean energies and the other transport properties were not altered in any significant way. The values of the ionization coefficients obtained in these experiments are in general 30% below earlier published values but are in agreement with some recent current-growth analysis by Wagner (1971) which incorporates detachment and ion-molecule effects.
Experimental determination of volumetric heat transfer coefficient in a rotary dryer

Abstract The objetive of this work, was to demonstrate the validity of empirical relationships for computing the volumetric heat transfer coefficient Ua in a pilot direct contact rotary dryer. It was also studied the effect of the operation conditions on the volumetric heat transfer coefficient. Relationships were proposed to compute the volumetric heat transfer coefficient. The methods used to obtain these relationships were based on mass and heat balances. The solids used in this work were soya meal, sawdust and sand.
Serum fibroblast growth factor 1 and its association with pancreatic beta cell function and insulin sensitivity in adults with glucose intolerance

Background Beneficial role of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) in the regulation of glucose metabolism and adipose tissue remodeling was suggested in rodents. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum FGF1 levels and metabolic parameters in adults with glucose intolerance. Methods Serum FGF1 levels were examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 153 individuals with glucose intolerance. Associations between serum FGF1 levels and metabolic parameters, including body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and 75 g oral glucose tolerance test-derived parameters, including insulinogenic index (IGI), Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI), and disposition index (DI), were examined. Results Serum FGF1 was detected in 35 individuals (22.9%), possibly due to the autocrine/paracrine nature of the peptide. IGI and DI levels were significantly lower in individuals with higher FGF1 levels than in those with lower FGF1 levels or undetectable FGF1 (p=0.006 and 0.005 for IGI and DI, respectively, after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI). Univariable and multivariable analyses using the Tobit regression model also revealed a negative association between FGF1 levels and IGI and DI. The regression coefficients per 1-SD of log-transformed IGI and DI were −0.461 (p=0.013) and −0.467 (p=0.012), respectively, after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI. In contrast, serum FGF1 levels were not significantly associated with ISI, BMI, or HbA1c. Conclusions The serum concentration of FGF1 was significantly elevated in individuals with low insulin secretion, suggesting a possible interaction between FGF1 and beta cell function in humans.
RCM modeling of bubble injections into the inner magnetosphere: geosynchronous orbit and the ionospheric responses

Introduction: Accurate characterization of the plasma sheet source population in the ring current region and its outer boundary at geosynchronous orbit is crucial for understanding the dynamics of the Earth’s magnetosphere. The interaction between the ring current and plasma populations from the ionosphere is a focus of extensive research. Methods: We used the Rice Convection Model (RCM) to simulate the transient meso-scale injections of fast flows or plasma sheet bubbles from the outer boundary into the inner magnetosphere and the associated impacts on the ionosphere. We compared our simulation results of the average properties of bulk plasma access to geosynchronous orbit to a number of empirical models. We also examined the role of plasma sheet bubbles in forming field-aligned currents (FACs). Results: Our modeling results show that impulsive plasma sheet injections dramatically alter the average distribution of FACs in the ionosphere. We found both quantitative and qualitative agreements and disagreements when comparing our simulation results to empirical models. Furthermore, we demonstrated that several discrete auroral structures can be identified in the nightside ionosphere in accordance with theupward FACs. Discussion: The significance of plasma sheet bubbles in modifying the averageplasma properties at geosynchronous orbit and FACs in the ionosphere is highlighted by oursimulation findings, offering novel understandings into the dynamics of Earth's magnetosphere,and emphasizing the necessity for further research in this field.
Halloysite- a critical assessment.

Water enters the interlayer space in halloysite to minimize cation-cation Coulomb repulsion between adjacent layer surfaces and to coordinate exchangeable cations postulated as present to compensate for Al(IV). The layers roll into tubes due to lateral misfit between a larger tetrahedral sheet and a smaller octahedral sheet. Tetrahedral rotation, which compensates similar lateral misfit in most layer silicate structures, is blocked in halloysite by dynamic disorder of H-bonds from H₂O molecules so basal oxygens cannot all rotate in the same direction and/or insertion of "hole water" or exchangeable cations into ring openings. Halloysite differs from kaolinite in composition, layer stacking sequence, and ring configuration.
Assessing the water balance of tropical Peatlands by using the inverse groundwater modelling approach

250 Introduction To be able to feed the growing world population and to banish hunger, food production needs to be doubled in the next 25 years. In South-east Asia, where fertile land has become scarce, agriculture development more and more focuses on marginal soils such as peatlands, acid sulphate soils, and steep land. Peatlands in South-east Asia cover about 27.1 Mha, or about 10% of the total land area (Hooijer et al., 2006). These peatlands, which are waterlogged most of the year, are dome-shaped. Both the Indonesian and Malaysian Governments have identified their coastal peat swamps as major regions for agricultural development. These lowland peat swamps are purely rainfed and waterlogged most times of the year (Ritzema and Wösten, 2002). Drainage is needed to make these waterlogged lands suitable for agriculture or other land uses. The resulting subsidence process threatens the sustainable use of the fragile ecosystems (Rieley et al., 2002). Many development projects on tropical peatlands have failed through a lack of understanding of the natural functions of these complex ecosystems. It will only be successful if the principles and practices of sustainable ‘wise use’, especially with respect to hydrology and water management are taken into account (Rieley and Page, 2005). The understanding and proper management of the groundwater system are key factors for sustainable land development and effective soil and nature conservation in tropical peatlands. The tropical peatlands in Indonesia and Malaysia are, generally, characterised by elevated rainfall figures, which largely exceed the potential evapotranspiration. The infiltration capacity of the peat soils, together with the transmissivity, do not permit the discharge of all excess precipitation and large volumes of water are, therefore, discharged by surface runoff (including interflow) and surface water courses. Only a small portion of the precipitation excess recharges the groundwater. The groundwater recharge pattern, the geometry and the hydraulic properties of the soils determine the groundwater regime of the peatlands. Any land development may impact on the groundwater regime, which may then trigger a number of derivative impacts, such as soil subsidence and environmental degradation. It is, therefore, imperative to analyse and assess the groundwater system in any peatland development or conservation scenario. The form of a peat dome can be considered to reflect the form of a saturated water mound (Ingram, 1982). As groundwater flows in tropical peatlands are extremely difficult to measure, the models are calibrated using rainfall and groundwater levels. This inverse modelling approach required fewer data than the traditional water-balance method (Boonstra and Bhutta, 1996).
Flow Characterization of Ambiently and Cryogenically Ground Black Pepper (Piper nigrum) Powder as a Function of Varying Moisture Content

The knowledge about flow properties of powders is important in case of developing powder processes and handling procedures, packaging practices and transporting the processed powders. Major flow-characterizing parameters such as angle of slide, apparent and tapped volume, poured and compacted densities, Hausner ratio, Carr index, compressibility index, different angle of repose and particle size distribution for black pepper powder (BPP) under ambient and cryogenic grinding conditions for different moisture contents (MC) were studied. Angle of slide was found to increase from 39° to 51° with increasing MC. Bulk density of porous and compacted BPP was found to decrease with increasing MC. The powder porosity was found to increase with increasing MC (25.9–27.4% for ambient grinding and 23.2–25.8% for cryogenic grinding). Hausner ratio and Carr index were higher in case of ambiently ground BPP as compared with cryogenically ground BPP. Static angle of repose was found to be higher for ambiently ground powder than for cryogenically ground powder, and showed an increasing trend in both the cases of ambient (65.85–70.25°) and cryogenic grinding (62.78–69.34°) with increasing MC. The flow characteristics of BPP as a function of MC may aid in better selection/design of appropriate handling, transportation, packaging and processing practices for BPP. Practical Applications The flow properties of ambiently and cryogenically ground black pepper powder will be useful to have control over processing parameters and will lead to improved quality and output of the black pepper powder. The study on flow properties of black pepper powder facilitates the reliable information for design of equipments for handling, processing, packaging and transportation of ground powder spices, which will in turn be economically helpful for powder-processing industries. Powder sticking on the surface of processing equipments and agglomeration of powder particles creates problem in processing and also leads to loss of economy. Such type of difficulties can be handled with the help of present studies.
Genetically predicted vitamin C levels significantly affect patient survival and immunotypes in multiple cancer types

Background Recent observational studies and meta-analyses have shown that vitamin C reduces cancer incidence and mortality, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We conducted a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis and biological validation in clinical samples and animal tumor xenografts to understand its prognostic value and association with immune characteristics in various cancers. Methods We used the Cancer Genome Atlas gene expression data involving 5769 patients and 20 cancer types. Vitamin C index (VCI) was calculated using the expression of 11 genes known to genetically predict vitamin C levels, which were classified into high and low subgroups. The correlation between VCI and patient overall survival (OS), tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and immune microenvironment was evaluated, using Kaplan-Meier analysis method and ESTIMATE (https://bioinformatics.mdanderson.org/estimate/). Clinical samples of breast cancer and normal tissues were used to validate the expression of VCI-related genes, and animal experiments were conducted to test the impact of vitamin C on colon cancer growth and immune cell infiltration. Results Significant changes in expression of VCI-predicted genes were observed in multiple cancer types, especially in breast cancer. There was a correlation of VCI with prognosis in all samples (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.78–0.98; P = 0.02). The specific cancer types that exhibited significant correlation between VCI and OS included breast cancer (AHR = 0.14; 95% CI = 0.05–0.40; P < 0.01), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (AHR = 0.20; 95% CI = 0.07–0.59; P < 0.01), kidney clear cell carcinoma (AHR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.48–0.92; P = 0.01), and rectum adenocarcinoma (AHR = 0.01; 95% CI = 0.001–0.38; P = 0.02). Interestingly, VCI was correlated with altered immunotypes and associated with TMB and MSI negatively in colon and rectal adenocarcinoma (P < 0.001) but positively in lung squamous cell carcinoma (P < 0.05). In vivo study using mice bearing colon cancer xenografts demonstrated that vitamin C could inhibit tumor growth with significant impact on immune cell infiltration. Conclusion VCI is significantly correlated with OS and immunotypes in multiple cancers, and vitamin C might have therapeutic potential in colon cancer.
Gas Production Parameters in Sanitary Landfill Simulators

The decomposition of shredded municipal refuse was studied in 19 drums (208 1). Gas production and composition were monitored for two years. The addition of old, anaerobically degraded refuse as a seed of anaerobic bacteria and the neutralization of the refuse were the two techniques which stimulated methane production. Yields of 80-150 1 of methane per kilogram of dry, grindable, volatile solids were measured. The addition of anaerobic sewage sludge, acetate, and the initial removal of oxygen from a drum, were not stimulatory. Initially, it was the development of the methanogen population and not polymer hydrolysis which limited methane production.
A Unified Correlation for the Prediction of Dispersed-Phase Hold-Up in Liquid-Liquid Extraction Columns

On the basis of a large bank of published experimental results for eight different types of extraction columns, namely, rotating disk, asymmetric rotating disk, Kuhni, Wirz-II, pulsed perforated-plate, Karr reciprocating-plate, packed, and spray columns, a unified correlation for the prediction of dispersed-phase hold-up is presented. Analysis of data with and without mass transfer shows that the hold-up can be expressed in terms of the mechanical power dissipation, phase flow rates, physical properties, and column geometry. The limitations of previously published correlations with regard to their application and solution are demonstrated