Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Banana Xanthomonas wilt: a review of the disease, management strategies and future research directions

Banana production in Eastern Africa is threatened by the presence of a new devastating bacterial disease caused by Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum (formerly Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum). The disease has been identified in Uganda, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Tanzania. Disease symptoms include wilting and yellowing of leaves, excretion of a yellowish bacterial ooze, premature ripening of the bunch, rotting of fruit and internal yellow discoloration of the vascular bundles. Plants are infected either by insects through the inflorescence or by soil-borne bacterial inoculum through the lower parts of the plant. Short- and long-distance transmission of the disease mainly occurs via contaminated tools and insects, though other organisms such as birds may also be involved. Although no banana cultivar with resistance to the disease has been identified as yet, it appears that certain cultivars have mechanisms to ‘escape’ the disease. Management and control of the disease involve methods that reduce the inoculum’s density and spread of the pathogen. Removal of the male bud (de-budding) has proven to be very effective in preventing the disease incidence since the male bud appears to be the primary infection site. The economic impact of banana Xanthomonas wilt is not fully understood but its impact on food security in the region is very significant. While germplasm screening for the disease is ongoing, efforts to genetically engineer resistance in some banana cultivars are also making good progress. This paper presents a review of the disease and management strategies that have been successful in curtailing its spread.
Gender Differences in Sexual Assault and PTSD Stigma

Sexual ​ ​ assault ​ ​ is ​ ​ a ​ ​ significant ​ ​ problem ​ ​ in ​ ​ our ​ ​ society, ​ ​ and ​ ​ is ​ ​ experienced ​ ​ differently ​ ​ by male ​ ​ and ​ ​ female ​ ​ sexual ​ ​ assault ​ ​ victims. ​ ​ Stigma, ​ ​ or ​ ​ blame ​ ​ and ​ ​ negative ​ ​ attitudes ​ ​ toward ​ ​ an individual ​ ​ or ​ ​ group, ​ ​ is ​ ​ frequently ​ ​ experienced ​ ​ by ​ ​ sexual ​ ​ assault ​ ​ victims ​ ​ and ​ ​ reinforced ​ ​ through media, ​ ​ culture, ​ ​ and ​ ​ rape/sexual ​ ​ assault ​ ​ myths. ​ ​ Sexual ​ ​ assault ​ ​ and ​ ​ experiences ​ ​ of ​ ​ stigma ​ ​ influence the ​ ​ mental ​ ​ health ​ ​ problems ​ ​ victims ​ ​ face ​ ​ after ​ ​ assault, ​ ​ including ​ ​ Post-Traumatic ​ ​ Stress ​ ​ Disorder (PTSD). ​ ​ Overall, ​ ​ insufficient ​ ​ research ​ ​ has ​ ​ been ​ ​ conducted ​ ​ on ​ ​ the ​ ​ differing ​ ​ experiences ​ ​ of ​ ​ stigma related ​ ​ to ​ ​ male ​ ​ and ​ ​ female ​ ​ sexual ​ ​ assault ​ ​ victims. ​ ​ In ​ ​ order ​ ​ to ​ ​ separate ​ ​ stigma ​ ​ attributions ​ ​ based on ​ ​ sexual ​ ​ assault ​ ​ status ​ ​ and ​ ​ PTSD, ​ ​ the ​ ​ current ​ ​ study ​ ​ explored ​ ​ both. ​ ​ Specifically, ​ ​ four ​ ​ vignettes were ​ ​ used: hypothesized ​ ​ that ​ ​ male ​ ​ sexual ​ ​ assault ​ ​ victims would ​ ​ elicit ​ ​ more ​ ​ stigma ​ ​ than ​ ​ female ​ ​ characters, ​ ​ and ​ ​ that ​ ​ characters ​ ​ with ​ ​ PTSD ​ ​ would ​ ​ elicit more ​ ​ stigma ​ ​ than ​ ​ characters ​ ​ who ​ ​ are ​ ​ resilient. ​ ​ It ​ ​ was ​ ​ also ​ ​ hypothesized ​ ​ that ​ ​ there ​ ​ would ​ ​ be ​ ​ an interaction ​ ​ effect ​ ​ in ​ ​ which ​ ​ male ​ ​ characters ​ ​ with ​ ​ PTSD ​ ​ would ​ ​ elicit ​ ​ the ​ ​ most ​ ​ stigma. ​ ​ With ​ ​ 214 participants, ​ ​ significant ​ ​ main ​ ​ effects ​ ​ were ​ ​ found ​ ​ with ​ ​ the ​ ​ MISS, ​ ​ lending ​ ​ partial ​ ​ support ​ ​ for ​ ​ the hypotheses ​ ​ that ​ ​ male ​ ​ sexual ​ ​ assault ​ ​ victims ​ ​ elicit ​ ​ more ​ ​ stigma ​ ​ than ​ ​ females, ​ ​ and ​ ​ individuals ​ ​ with PTSD ​ ​ elicit ​ ​ more ​ ​ stigma ​ ​ than ​ ​ those ​ ​ who ​ ​ are ​ ​ resilient ​ ​ following ​ ​ trauma. ​ ​ Implications ​ ​ and ​ ​ future directions ​ ​ are ​ ​ discussed.
Measurements and Numerical Simulations to Enhance the assessment of Antenna Coupling

A post-processing procedure has been presented in recent publications to create an accurate numerical model of a measured antenna [1-8]. The post-processing is based on the equivalent current technique as implemented in the INSIGHT software from MVG [4]. Such models are applicable in standard commercial Computational Electromagnetic (CEM) solvers to determine the performance of measured antennas situated in complex environments [9-14]. The method also gives an accurate assessment of the resulting element coupling if the measured antenna is duplicated and used in array configuration as reported in ]3]. In this paper, a wide-band numerical model of the measured antenna is presented, improving the accuracy of the coupling assessment. The finding are supported by radiated and conducted measurement on the single element and the array configuration.
THE TRAINING OF GRATEFULNESS IN IMPROVING LIFE MEANING OF CONVICTS AT CLASS 2 LPKA PEKANBARU

Religious values need are very imporant for convicts at LPKA Class two Pekanbaru. Religion is an obvious influenced source in issuing the meaning of life to convicts. The research objective is to know how far the influence of gratefulness training in improving life meaning of convicts at LPKA class two Pekanbaru is.The researcher used experiment approaching pre and post-test control group designwith 23 control groupsand 23 treatment groups,anddata analysis independent sample t-test was obtained score t= 6,894 (p<0,01). Average score from treatment group are higher (23,057) than control group average (15,6). It shows that life meaning of convicts who get gratefulness training are higher than convicts who don’t join the training. With thus, it can be concluded that gratefulness training very influence significantly to the life meaning of convicts at LPKA class 2 Pekanbaru.
A Primer on Copulas for Count Data

The authors review various facts about copulas linking discrete distributions. They show how the possibility of ties that results from atoms in the probability distribution invalidates various familiar relations that lie at the root of copula theory in the continuous case. They highlight some of the dangers and limitations of an undiscriminating transposition of modeling and inference practices from the continuous setting into the discrete one.
The practice of process approach in writing classes: Grade eleven learners of Jimma preparatory and Jimma University community preparatory school in focus

The purpose of this study is to explore the practices of process writing approach in grade eleven students at Jimma Preparatory School and Jimma University Community Preparatory school in Oromia Regional State. To accomplish this purpose, the study employed a descriptive study method, which was supplemented by both quantitative and qualitative research to enrich the data. The study was carried out in two school selected through purposive sampling aimed to make the sample by including the teachers and grade Eleven learners in the region. Then, all Grade Eleven EFL teachers and 170 learners were selected from the two schools using simple random sampling techniques particularly lottery method. Questionnaire, interview, classroom observation and content analysis were data collection tools used for this study. The frequency, percentage, and means were used in the analysis of quantitative data while qualitative data were described in narrative way. Based on the data, the result of the finding showed that students were not familiar enough with the skills of writing. Further, it was shown that the teachers have high theoretical orientation of teaching process-writing strategies, but they lacked skills in teaching students how to write. Therefore, having done the necessary analysis on the study’s findings, recommendations were drawn on the key stakeholders in practices of process writing approach. Key words: Process approach, EFL writing classrooms, practice.
UNIVERSITY OF CYPRUS ARE ANY GROWTH THEORIES ROBUST ?

The recent growth literature has seen an explosion of work exploring the role of new and fundamental theories of growth such as geography, institutions, ethnic fractionalization, and religion. Nevertheless, claims about the empirical validity of these new growth theories are typically made within very particular specifications of the growth model. In this paper, we investigate the robustness of these theories when the researcher appropriately accounts for model uncertainty. We first consider the robustness of these theories within the canonical growth regression framework. We then deviate from this framework to explore the impact of these new growth theories on the components of growth – TFP growth and physical and human accumulation rates – derived from a growth accounting exercise. We find very little evidence to support the contention that any of the new growth theories play an important and robust role in explaining growth and its components. We find instead that variation in growth may be robustly explained by differences in macroeconomic policies and unknown heterogeneity associated with regional groupings. We also find that, consistent with endogenous growth models, physical and human capital externalities are the main determinants of TFP growth. Steven N. Durlauf Andros Kourtellos Department of Economics Department of Economics University of Wisconsin University of Cyprus 1180 Observatory Drive P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678 Madison, WI 53706-1393 Nicosia, Cyprus sdurlauf@ssc.wisc. edu andros@ucy.ac. cy Chih Ming Tan Department of Economics Tufts University 8 Upper Campus Road Medford, MA 02155 chihming.tan@tufts.edu
Low temperature synthesis and dielectric characterisation of La2Mo2O9 ceramic at RF and microwave frequencies

Using a simple solid-state mixed oxides method, dense La2Mo2O9 ceramics with a relative density higher than 94% were prepared at relatively low sintering temperatures (<960°C) and the crystal structure, dielectric properties were studied in some details. Splitting peaks in XRD profiles evidenced the presence of monoclinic phase. Optimum dielectric properties at microwave frequency were achieved in the best-sintered sample at 920°C, with a moderate relative permittivity of 20.6, a temperature coefficient of the resonance frequency of −38 ppm/°C, but a relatively low quality factor Q×f ∼ 7,160 GHz (f = 9.7 GHz). Complex impedance analysis revealed a thermally activated process derived from the successive short-distance diffusion of oxygen vacancies in the present La2Mo2O9 ceramics, accounting for the low quality factor.
Patient satisfaction and associated factors among in-patients in Primary Hospitals of North Shoa Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

Satisfaction of patient is the preferred item for the consumption of care. It is related to health services consumption. The objective of the study was to determine the level of patient satisfaction and associated factors among patients Primary Hospitals of North Shoa Zone. Institutional-based cross-sectional study design were implemented from March 15-April 25, 2019. Sample sizes of 422 inpatients were included. Participants were selected by lottery method. Factor analysis was used in order to generate factor scores for further analysis. Variables P<0.25 on the bivariate analysis were included in the multiple linear regression and variables with p<0.05 with 95% confidence interval were considered as statistically significant. There was 59.1% inpatient was satisfied. Sex, religion, place of residence, previous admission and occupational status of a housewife, ggovernment employee and educational status of primary school were associated with patient satisfaction.
Craniological Analysis of Harbor and Spotted Seals of the North Pacific Region

We reexamined the taxonomic status of the geronimensis, richardsi, and stejnegeri forms of harbor seals, Phoca vitulina, in the North Pacific Ocean by comparing the cranial differentiation among them with the · differentiation of P. vitulina from its sibling species P. largha, the spotted seal. This assessment was based primarily on the results of three discriminant analyses and a Q-mode cluster analysis, for which we used both measurements and nonmetrical characters ofskulls. The results showed that the differentiation of vitulina from largha is greater than that among the three Pacific forms of vitulina. Within vitulina, the geronimensis form in southern California and Mexico is not clearly differentiated from richardsi. The stejnegeri form, conversely, has become differentiated sufficiently for subspecific status. The "boundary" between stejnegeri and richardsi is not in Near Strait as proposed earlier; instead, it seems to be in the vicinity of the eastern Aleutian Islands and Alaska Peninsula. A firm conclusion on that point cannot be reached, however, without study of additional specimens from that region.
Identification of new molecular targets for PET imaging of microglial anti-inflammatory phenotype

To better understand the involvement of microglia in several neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, suitable pre-clinical and clinical tools for the in vivo study of the dynamics of these plastic cells are required. Aim of this work was to identify new translational markers of the anti-inflammatory phenotype of microglia, for the development of novel PET tracers. Here we provide evidence that P2RY12 expression increase in human and murine microglia following anti-inflammatory stimuli and is modulated in the reparative phase of experimental and clinical stroke. We then synthesised the first carbon-11 labelled PET tracer targeting P2RY12, showing increased binding in brains of mice treated with IL4, and low binding to brain sections of a murine stroke model and of stroke patients. This study, providing new translational targets for PET tracers of microglia anti-inflammatory phenotype, shows the potential of a rationale-based approach for the identification of new targets for PET tracer design. Abstract Submitted Alessandro Villa*, Barbara Klein*, Bieneke Janssen*, Jordi Pedragosa, Giovanna Pepe, Bastian Zinnhardt, Danielle J. Vugts, Paolo Gelosa, Luigi Sironi, Wissam Beaino, Annelaure Damont, Frédéric Dollé, Guy Bormans, Benoit Jego, Alexandra Winkeler, Dieter Ory, Olof Solin, Johnny Vercouillie, Uta Funke, Sandra Laner-Plamberger, Elisabetta Vegeto, Ludwig Aigner, Andreas Jacobs, Anna Planas, Adriana Maggi# and Albert D. Windhorst#
Extreme Inundation Statistics on a Composite Beach

The runup of initial Gaussian narrow-banded and wide-banded wave fields and its statistical characteristics are investigated using direct numerical simulations, based on the nonlinear shallow water equations. The bathymetry consists of the section of a constant depth, which is matched with the beach of constant slope. To address different levels of nonlinearity, time series with five different significant wave heights are considered. The selected wave parameters allow for also seeing the effects of wave breaking on wave statistics. The total physical time of each simulated time-series is 1000 h (~360,000 wave periods). The statistics of calculated wave runup heights are discussed with respect to the wave nonlinearity, wave breaking and the bandwidth of the incoming wave field. The conditional Weibull distribution is suggested as a model for the description of extreme runup heights and the assessment of extreme inundations.
Carboniferous chondrichthyan assemblages from the Surprise Canyon and Watahomigi formations (latest Mississippian–Early Pennsylvanian) of the western Grand Canyon, Northern Arizona

Abstract Two chondrichthyan assemblages of Late Mississippian/Early Pennsylvanian age are now recognized from the western Grand Canyon of northern Arizona. The latest Serpukhovian Surprise Canyon Formation has yielded thirty-one taxa from teeth and dermal elements, which include members of the Phoebodontiformes, Symmoriiformes, Bransonelliformes, Ctenacanthiformes, Protacrodontoidea, Hybodontiformes, Neoselachii (Anachronistidae), Paraselachii (Gregoriidae, Deeberiidae, Orodontiformes, and Eugeneodontiformes), Petalodontiformes, and Holocephali. The euselachian grade taxa are remarkably diverse with four new taxa recognized here; the Protacrodontidae: Microklomax carrieae new genus new species and Novaculodus billingsleyi new genus new species, and the Anchronistidae: Cooleyella platera new species and Amaradontus santucii new genus new species The Surprise Canyon assemblage also has the youngest occurrence of the elasmobranch Clairina, previously only known from the Upper Devonian. The Surprise Canyon Formation represents a nearshore fluvial infilling of karstic channels, followed by a shallow marine bioherm reef, and finally deeper open water deposition. The early Bashkirian Watahomigi Formation represents open marine deposition and contains only two taxa: a new xenacanthiform, Hokomata parva new genus new species, and the holocephalan Deltodus. The relationship between the Surprise Canyon and Watahomigi chondrichthyan assemblages and other significant coeval chondrichthyan assemblages suggests that there may have been eastern and western distinctions among the Euamerican assemblages during the Serpukhovian due to geographic separation by the formation of Pangea. UUID: http://zoobank.org/54a906b6-4873-4f84-92b5-ca0752de01aa
The Development of Human Intelligence

ABSTRACT Two influential theories of intellectual development are reviewed and analyzed: the psychometric framework, based on the factorial composition of intelligence, and the Piagetian model, based on assimilation and accomodation through fcur stages of intellectual development. A third concept is the componential theory of intelligence, based on information processing models, and consisting of two basic units of analysis, the component and the metacomponent. The component is described as an elementary psychological process which operates on internal representations of objects on symbols; these components are encoding, inference, mapping, application, justification, and response. A metacomponent is described as a higher order psychological process which controls processes related to executing components; metacomponents consist cf component selection, representation selection, strategy selection cr planning, strategy monitoring, speed-accuracy tladscff decisions, and solution monitoring. Conclusions were made, based on research using parochial school children in grades 2, 4, and 6 and college level adults: (1) that children show increased use of exhalstive information processing as they grow older; (2) older children are generally less willing to surrender accuracy for speed; and (3) older individuals are more consistent in applying a strategy to problem solving, although there is nc evidence of a general strategy shift in time for any age group. Bibliographical references are appended. (MH)
Training dataset Preprocessing SIFT descriptor SMPT Grassman Pruning Entropy encoder SIFT descriptor Training Bit Stream

With the popularity of mobile phones and tablets, the explosive growth of query-by-capture applications calls for a compact representation of query image feature. Compact descriptors for visual search (CDVS) is a recently released standard from the ISO/IEC moving pictures experts group (MPEG) which achieves state-of-the-art performance in the context of image retrieval applications. However, they did not consider the matching characteristics in local space in a large-scale database which might deteriorate the performance. In this work, we propose a more compact representation with SIFT descriptors for the visual query based on Grassmann manifold. Due to the drastic variations in image content, it is not sufficient to capture all the information using a single transform. To achieve more efficient representations, a SIFT Manifold Partition Tree (SMPT) is initially constructed to divide the large dataset into small groups at multiple scales which aims at capturing more discriminative information. Grassmann manifold is then applied to prune the SMPT and search for the most distinctive transforms. The experimental results demonstrate the proposed framework achieves state of the art performance on the standard benchmark CDVS dataset.
Environmental and Behavioral Factors Associated With Diarrhea Disease among Children Under Five Years Old in Mayo in Khartoum State

Background: It is a fact that diarrheal diseases caused major public health problem in children under-five years of age, especially in camps in developing countries like Sudan. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of environmental and behavioural factors with under five diarrhoea in Mayo in Khartoum state. Methodology: Community based cross-sectional study (descriptive study) was carried out to study the prevalence of diarrhoea among under five children in Mayo Camp-Khartoum State, Sudan. The chi-square test was used to determine the association between having diarrhoea in the last two weeks and sociodemographic variables. Results: Diarrhoeal cases occurring within the 2 weeks preceding the interview were giving an overall prevalence of 35.0%% (n = 311). Prevalence was higher among boys than girls were (25% and 10%, respectively). Our study showed that environmental factors such as state of water containers, place of defecation, and presence of flies in the kitchen was significantly associated with diarrhea, in addition to several behavioral factors that were found to affect diarrheal disease among children in Mayo Camp. Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of diarrhoea in children under the age of five in Mayo camp, with a higher prevalence among male children than female children. In addition, our study showed high significant association between a mother’s educational level, income levels, and diarrhoeal disease. These findings highlight the need for public health interventions to relieve the burden of diarrhoea among children under the age of five.
WiFi Sensing with Channel State Information

With the high demand for wireless data traffic, WiFi networks have experienced very rapid growth, because they provide high throughput and are easy to deploy. Recently, Channel State Information (CSI) measured by WiFi networks is widely used for different sensing purposes. To get a better understanding of existing WiFi sensing technologies and future WiFi sensing trends, this survey gives a comprehensive review of the signal processing techniques, algorithms, applications, and performance results of WiFi sensing with CSI. Different WiFi sensing algorithms and signal processing techniques have their own advantages and limitations and are suitable for different WiFi sensing applications. The survey groups CSI-based WiFi sensing applications into three categories, detection, recognition, and estimation, depending on whether the outputs are binary/multi-class classifications or numerical values. With the development and deployment of new WiFi technologies, there will be more WiFi sensing opportunities wherein the targets may go beyond from humans to environments, animals, and objects. The survey highlights three challenges for WiFi sensing: robustness and generalization, privacy and security, and coexistence of WiFi sensing and networking. Finally, the survey presents three future WiFi sensing trends, i.e., integrating cross-layer network information, multi-device cooperation, and fusion of different sensors, for enhancing existing WiFi sensing capabilities and enabling new WiFi sensing opportunities.