Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Whole-page optimization and submodular welfare maximization with online bidders

In the context of online ad serving, display ads may appear on different types of web-pages, where each page includes several ad slots and therefore multiple ads can be shown on each page. The set of ads that can be assigned to ad slots of the same page needs to satisfy various pre-specified constraints including exclusion constraints, diversity constraints, and the like. Upon arrival of a user, the ad serving system needs to allocate a set of ads to the current web-page respecting these per-page allocation constraints. Previous slot-based settings ignore the important concept of a page, and may lead to highly suboptimal results in general. In this paper, motivated by these applications in display advertising and inspired by the submodular welfare maximization problem with online bidders, we study a general class of page-based ad allocation problems, present the first (tight) constant-factor approximation algorithms for these problems, and confirm the performance of our algorithms experimentally on real-world data sets. A key technical ingredient of our results is a novel primal-dual analysis for handling free-disposal, which updates dual variables using a "level function" instead of a single level, and unifies with previous analyses of related problems. This new analysis method allows us to handle arbitrarily complicated allocation constraints for each page. Our main result is an algorithm that achieves a 1 -- 1/ε -- o(1) competitive ratio. Moreover, our experiments on real-world data sets show significant improvements of our page-based algorithms compared to the slot-based algorithms. Finally, we observe that our problem is closely related to the submodular welfare maximization (SWM) problem. In particular, we introduce a variant of the SWM problem with online bidders, and show how to solve this problem using our algorithm for whole page optimization.
Second report on chicken genes and chromosomes 2005

Citation for published version: Schmid, M, Nanda, I, Hoehn, H, Schartl, M, Haaf, T, Buerstedde, J-M, Arakawa, H, Caldwell, RB, Weigend, S, Burt, DW, Smith, J, Griffin, DK, Masabanda, JS, Groenen, MAM, Crooijmans, RPMA, Vignal, A, Fillon, V, Morisson, M, Pitel, F, Vignoles, M, Garrigues, A, Gellin, J, Rodionov, AV, Galkina, SA, Lukina, NA, Ben-Ari, G, Blum, S, Hillel, J, Twito, T, Lavi, U, David, L, Feldman, MW, Delany, ME, Conley, CA, Fowler, VM, Hedges, SB, Godbout, R, Katyal, S, Smith, C, Hudson, Q, Sinclair, A & Mizuno, S 2005, 'Second report on chicken genes and chromosomes 2005', Cytogenetic and Genome Research, vol. 109, no. 4, pp. 415-79. https://doi.org/10.1159/000084205
Verification techniques for cache coherence protocols

In this article we present a comprehensive survey of various approaches for the verification of cache coherence protocols based on state enumeration, (symbolic model checking, and symbolic state models. Since these techniques search the state space of the protocol exhaustively, the amount of memory required to manipulate that state information and the verification time grow very fast with the number of processors and the complexity of the protocol mechanisms. To be successful for systems of arbitrary complexity, a verification technique must solve this so-called state space explosion problem. The emphasis of our discussion is onthe underlying theory in each method of handling the state space exposion problem, and formulationg and checking the safety properties (e.g., data consistency) and the liveness properties (absence of deadlock and livelock). We compare the efficiency and discuss the limitations of each technique in terms of memory and computation time. Also, we discuss issues of generality, applicability, automaticity, and amenity for existing tools in each class of methods. No method is truly superior because each method has its own strengths and weaknesses. Finally, refinements that can further reduce the verification time and/or the memory requirement are also discussed.
Make the Military ? Military Training and Personality Trait Development : Does the Military Make the Man , or Does the Man

Military experience is an important turning point in a person’s life and, consequently, is associated with important life outcomes. Using a large longitudinal sample of German males, we examined whether personality traits played a role during this period. Results indicated that personality traits prospectively predicted the decision to enter the military. People lower in agreeableness, neuroticism, and openness to experience during high school were more likely to enter the military after graduation. In addition, military training was associated with changes in personality. Compared with a control group, military recruits had lower levels of agreeableness after training. These levels persisted 5 years after training, even after participants entered college or the labor market. This study is one of the first to identify life experiences associated with changes in personality traits. Moreover, our results suggest that military experiences may have a long-lasting influence on individual-level characteristics.
Ancient geologic events on Mars revealed by zircons and apatites from the Martian regolith breccia NWA 7034

Zircons and apatites in clasts and matrix from the Martian breccia NWA 7034 are well documented, timing ancient geologic events on Mars. Furthermore, in this study, zircon trace elemental content, apatite volatile content, and apatite volatile isotopic compositions measured in situ could constrain the evolution of those geologic events. The U‐Pb dates of zircons in basalt, basaltic andesite, trachyandesite igneous clasts, and the matrix are similar (4.4 Ga) suggesting intense volcanism on ancient Mars. However, two metamict zircon grains found in the matrix have an upper intercept date of ~4465 Ma in crystalline, whereas amorphous areas have a lower intercept date of 1634 ± 93 Ma. The younger date is consistent with the date of apatites (1530 ± 65 Ma), suggesting a metamorphic event that completely reset the U‐Pb system in both the amorphous areas of zircon and all apatites. δD values in all apatites negatively correlate with water content in a two‐endmember mixing trend. The D (δD up to 2459‰) and 37Cl heavy core (3.8‰) of a large apatite grain suggest a D‐, 37Cl‐rich fluid during the metamorphic event ~1.6 Ga ago, consistent with the trace elements Y, Hf and Ti and P in zircons. The fluid was also therefore P‐rich. The D‐, 37Cl‐poor H2O‐rich rim (<313‰) suggests the degassing of water from the Martian Cl‐poor interior at a later time. This D‐, 37Cl‐poor Martian mantle reservoir could have derived from volcanic intrusions postdating the younger metamorphic event recorded in NWA 7034.
Mediation analysis via potential outcomes models

This paper develops a causal or manipulation model framework for mediation analysis based on the concept of potential outcome. Using this framework, we provide new definitions and measures of mediation. Effects of manipulations are modeled via the linear structural model. Corresponding structural equation models (SEMs), in conjunction with two‐stage least‐squares estimation and the delta method, are used to perform inference. The methods are applied to data from a study of nursing interventions for postoperative pain. We address the cases of more than two treatment groups, and an interaction among mediators. For the latter, a sensitivity analysis approach to handle unidentified parameters is described. Interpretative advantages of the potential outcomes framework for mediation are emphasized. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some applications of the functional anatomy of the ankle joint.

Certain motions at the syndesmosis of the ankle have been demonstrated. As dorsiflexion of the ankle takes place, the malleoli separate in fairly regular increments, the greatest distance being approximately 1.5 millimeters. The articular surfaces of the malleoli remain closely applied to the sides of the talus throughout the range of ankle motion. The tibia rotates a few degrees medially about its long axis on the talus and the syndesmosis opens anteriorly. There is a relative lateral rotation of the fibula with respect to the tibia. Other motions at the syndesmosis, such as forward or backward displacement or translation of the fibula on its long axis, may occur but they have not yet been demonstrated convincingly. The syndesmosis permits this flexibility because of the elasticity of its ligaments. The elasticity of these ligaments allows the intermalleolar distance to change and facilitates tibial and fibular rotation which is essential to normal motion at the ankle joint. These motions contribute to the general springiness or elasticity of the system. Progressive sectioning of the ligaments of the syndesmosis and the interosseous membrane leads to increasing backward mobility and increasing lateral rotation of the lateral malleolus. Loss of these structures, however, produces no significant widening of the medial or lateral clear spaces or increase in the intermalleolar distance. In order to produce widening of the mortise either the medial or the lateral group of ligaments, as well as the ligaments of the syndesmosis and the interosseous membrane, must be divided. The most common fracture at the ankle is the spiral oblique fracture or lateralrotation fracture of the fibular malleolus. This is frequently associated with an increase in the medial clear space. When this increase is moderate, partial diastasis is present and there is injury to the deltoid ligament. Marked increase in the medial clear space indicates a complete tear of the deltoid ligament including both deep and superficial portions. Inability to reduce the medial clear space may mean that the deltoid ligament must be removed from the medial joint space and repaired.
Effects of binder content and drum filling degree on cassava pearl granulation using drum granulator.

The purpose of this research was to study the effects of binder content and filling degree on cassava pearl granulation. A stainless steel drum granulator with 30 cm diameter and 20 cm length was used. The drum rotational speed was 30 rpm. During granulation, samples were taken at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 minutes and granule density, hardness, sphericity, mass mean diameter and size distribution were measured. In order to investigate effect of binder content on cassava pearl granulation, the binder content was varied at 37, 38, 39 and 40% (wet basis). The results indicated that binder content affected granule growth of cassava pearl but did not affect density, hardness and sphericity. The growth of cassava pearl was very sensitive to binder content. Increasing binder content decreases granule growth. Cassava pearl obtained from 37% binder content gave the highest growth rate with the maximum mass mean diameter of 2.13 mm. Moreover, this treatment also gave the highest mass fraction of 2.4 mm particle (commercial size). The value of particle density, hardness and sphericity were in the range of 0.56-0.65 g/cm, 0.96-1.25 N and 0.96-0.98, respectively. The filling degree was varied at 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (v/v). The results showed that density, hardness and sphericity of 2.4 mm cassava pearl were not significantly different (p>0.05) when filling degree increased. Density, hardness and sphericity were in the range of 0.52 0.64 g/cm, 0.80 – 1.14 N, 0.94 0.97, respectively. However, filling degree affected the growth mechanism of cassava pearl. Granulation of cassava pearl using 80% (v/v) filling degree caused a static or non-moving region during the process. In addition, cassava pearl obtained from this treatment gave the lowest mass mean diameter of 1.75 mm and also the lowest mass fraction of 2.4 mm particle. However, mass mean diameter and mass fraction of 2.4 mm particle obtained from 20, 40 and 60% (v/v) were similar. Therefore, the production capacity of cassava pearl granulation by drum granulator could reach up to 60% of drum volume.
A Fast Voting-based Technique for Human Action Recognition in Video Sequences

Human action recognition has been an active research area in recent years. However, building a robust human action recognition system still remains a challenging task due to the large variations in action classes, varying human appearances, illumination changes, camera motion, occlusions and background clutter. Most previous work focus on the goal of improving recognition rates. This paper describes a computationally fast votingbased approach for human action recognition, in which the action in the video sequence is recognized based on the support of the local spatio-temporal features. The proposed technique requires no parameter tuning and can produce recognition rates that are comparable to those in recent published literature. Moreover, the technique can localize the single human action in the video sequence without much additional computation. Recognition results on the KTH and Weizmann action dataset are presented.
Webaffix: Discovering Morphological Links on the WWW

This paper presents a new language-independent method for finding morphological links between newly appeared words (i.e. absent from reference word lists). Using the WWW as a corpus, the Webaffix tool detects the occurrences of new derived lexemes based on a given suffix, proposes a base lexeme following a standard scheme (such as noun-verb), and then performs a compatibility test on the word pairs produced, using the Web again, but as a source of cooccurrences. The resulting pairs of words are used to build generic morphological databases useful for a number of NLP tasks. We develop and comment an example use of Webaffix to find new noun/verb pairs in French.
On relay node placement and locally optimal traffic allocation in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

In this paper, we explore the relay node (RN) placement problem in a heterogeneous wireless sensor network (WSN). The objective of the RN placement is to use a minimum number of additional RNs to enable the relaying of given traffic on existing nodes to the base station (BS) under the energy constraints. We assume RNs can adjust their transmission power according to the distance to the intended destination. To make best use of power adaptivity of RN, we propose two heuristic solutions, namely, independent placement with direct allocation (IPDA) and collaborative placement with locally optimal allocation decision (CPLOAD). Furthermore, a lower bound on the minimum number of additional RNs is provided. The effectiveness of our proposals is investigated through simulation using numerical examples
SMOS validation in the Skjern River Catchment, Denmark

SMOS validation in the Skjern River Catchment, Denmark Soil moisture is a key variable for water resources management, weather and climate predictions as well as hazard analysis. It is highly variable in space and time across scales, and thus difficult to assess. The European Space Agency’s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite with a passive L-band microwave radiometer on board is the first mission dedicated to surface soil moisture monitoring from space with global coverage every three days. By means of a complex retrieval algorithm, soil moisture is derived from the acquired brightness temperatures. Currently, data validation is performed across a range of climatic regions. In this context, the overall objective of this dissertation is SMOS validation in the Skjern River Catchment in Denmark, including the acquisition of the required in situ data, and its comparison with the SMOS products. Data collection included a short-term airborne campaign with the L-band radiometer EMIRAD-2 and in situ measurements, as well as the establishment of a soil moisture and temperature network. To a priori increase the probability of a representative network average at SMOS scale (∼40-50 km), a method based on analysis of the prevailing environmental conditions was developed and successfully applied. In addition to retrieved soil moisture, validation also involved SMOS brightness temperature data and the most sensitive parameters of the retrieval algorithm. Using two complementary data sets allowed for comprehensive analysis over spatial and temporal scales. While the campaign data set of high spatial coverage and density proved of value for site-specific determination of important algorithm parameters, the long-term network record enables the assessment of temporal trends. Consistent with worldwide findings, results show that SMOS well captures the temporal soil moisture dynamics in the Skjern River Catchment. However, the retrieved soil moisture shows a constant dry-bias and exhibits a stronger precipitation response compared to the in situ measurements. In addition to the broadly discussed Radio Frequency Interferences (RFI) and a mismatch in sampling depth between in situ sensors and L-band emission depth, several inaccuracies in the algorithm could be located as most likely error sources at the Danish site. This includes the vegetation optical depth and surface roughness parameters, soil properties and the Dobson dielectric mixing model. This dissertation is not only a valuable contribution to SMOS validation, but can also be supportive for upcoming space missions such as NASA’s Soil Moisture Active and Passive, SMAP. Knowing the current caveats the use of SMOS data in regional and global modeling of water resources and climate can be initiated. Future work in the Skjern River Catchment will focus on the disclosed error sources, as well as the influence of organic layers by means of not yet explored campaign data.
Space-Time-Frequency (STF) MIMO Communication Systems With Blind Receiver Based on a Generalized PARATUCK2 Model

In this paper, we first propose a generalized fourth-order PARATUCK2 tensor model for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems with space-time-frequency (STF) spreading-multiplexing. The core of the proposed PARATUCK2 model is composed of two third-order interaction tensors that define a joint time and frequency allocation of the data streams to the transmit antennas, thus allowing to adjust the multiplexing degree and spreading redundancy in three domains: space (transmit antennas), time (blocks) and frequency (subcarriers). Then, we investigate the identifiability of the PARATUCK2-STF MIMO system by deriving sufficient conditions which are translated into design recommendations for the STF allocation structure. In particular, essential uniqueness is discussed by interpreting the generalized fourth-order PARATUCK2 model as an equivalent third-order constrained factor (CONFAC) model with two fixed constraint matrices and one variable constraint matrix that depends on the stream-to-antenna allocation structure. We also present a blind receiver using the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm based on the generalized fourth-order PARATUCK2 model. Numerical results are provided for a bit-error-rate performance evaluation and a comparison with some competing algorithms.
The Kainji Lake experience in Nigeria.

The case study of the creation of Kainji Lake in Nigeria and resettlement of 44000 people in the dam building exemplified a massive effort with impacts on housing ecology and the environment farming pastoralism and fishing and unsuccessful achievement of objectives. Each of the areas of impact were discussed. The project was viewed as key to Nigerias economic development. The dam across the Niger River would supply 960000 kilowatts of electricity for industrial commercial and domestic use store water for flood control and irrigation improve navigation of the river and increase fishing in the man-made lake. In 1968 the dam was completed and peasant farmers fishermen and nomadic peasants settle on the lake shores. The only nomadic peasants settled on the lake shores. The only objective achieved was increased fishing in the man-made lake. The development project was overly ambitious without consideration of implementation delays and without adequate resources in management. THe 44000 displaced persons from 4320 houses in 239 settlements moved to 141 new settlements and 4517 new houses. By 1963 it was clear that people were distrustful of government claims and labor shortages on the dam were delayed by housing construction. The first move was a shift of 22 576 people in 89 villages in 1968. The remaining 21427 in 52 villages were allowed to settle by choice. Housing construction although following 3 traditional designs was with unfamiliar materials and materials which change internal temperatures; modification were made by the owners according to their needs. The analysis of a sample of 513 households drawn in 1971 revealed that 66% considered themselves better off after the move 25% the same and 4% worse off. The success was attributed to minimum pressure to leave noninterference in social economic and cultural traditions and acceptance of the housing modifications. This model was successfully applied downstream at Jebba Reservoir. Environmental surveys have shown a decline in species. A National Park was established which contributed to unexpected tourism. Mechanized irrigation and traditional hoes are the tools of agriculture. The nomadic Fulani lost grazing lands and range land has deteriorated from overgrazing. Fishing increased for 3-4 years and then declined from overfishing.
A design methodology for selection and placement of sensors in multimedia surveillance systems

This paper addresses the problem of how to select the optimal number of sensors and how to determine their placement in a given monitored area for multimedia surveillance systems. We propose to solve this problem by obtaining a novel performance metric in terms of a probability measure for accomplishing the task as a function of set of sensors and their placement. This measure is then used to find the optimal set. The same measure can be used to analyze the degradation in system 's performance with respect to the failure of various sensors. We also build a surveillance system using the optimal set of sensors obtained based on the proposed design methodology. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed design methodology in selecting the optimal set of sensors and their placement.
Non-monologue HMM-based speech synthesis for service robots: A cloud robotics approach

Robot utterances generally sound monotonous, unnatural, and unfriendly because their Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems are not optimized for communication but for text-reading. Here we present a non-monologue speech synthesis for robots. We collected a speech corpus in a non-monologue style in which two professional voice talents read scripted dialogues. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) were then trained with the corpus and used for speech synthesis. We conducted experiments in which the proposed method was evaluated by 24 subjects in three scenarios: text-reading, dialogue, and domestic service robot (DSR) scenarios. In the DSR scenario, we used a physical robot and compared our proposed method with a baseline method using the standard Mean Opinion Score (MOS) criterion. Our experimental results showed that our proposed method's performance was (1) at the same level as the baseline method in the text-reading scenario and (2) exceeded it in the DSR scenario. We deployed our proposed system as a cloud-based speech synthesis service so that it can be used without any cost.