Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parasites as biological tags for stock discrimination of the Brazilian flathead Percophis brasiliensis in the south-west Atlantic

Three stocks of the Brazilian flathead Percophis brasiliensis were identified on the coast of Argentina and Uruguay using parasites as biological tags. A total of 177 fish were examined and 23 parasite species were found. Fish were caught in four zones: north of the Argentine–Uruguayan Common Fishing Zone (34°30′–36°30′ S; 53°30′–56°00′ W), south of the Argentine–Uruguayan Common Fishing Zone (38°08′ S 57°32′ W), El Rincon zone (39–41° S; 60–62° W) and San Matias Gulf (41°40′–42°10′ S; 63°50′–65°00′ W). Discriminant analyses allowed the identification of three discrete stocks in the four zones (86·44% of classified samples were correctly identified), with P. brasiliensis from both north and south of the Argentine–Uruguayan Common Fishing Zone clumping together, as a single stock. Some species were important in discriminating among groups, Anisakis simplex was related to southern areas, while Grillotia sp. , Corynosoma australe and Hysterothylacium sp. were important in determining the position of fish from the Argentine–Uruguayan Common Fishing Zone. These results were corroborated by comparing parasite prevalence and abundance among zones. The main differences were observed in those comparisons involving fish from the San Matias Gulf. Fish from the Argentine–Uruguayan Common Fishing Zone were characterized by higher infections of Grillotia sp. , C. australe, Corynosoma cetaceum and Hysterothylacium sp. , while the samples from El Rincon and San Matias Gulf showed higher infections of A. simplex. Samples from San Matias Gulf were characterized by lower levels of parasitism for all other species. Differences in environmental factors and their influence on the distribution of zooplankton and other hosts in the food web may be differentially shaping the parasite community structure in each zone, resulting in identifiable stocks of the P. brasiliensis. The present study confirmed the existence of regional biological tags that delineated fish assemblages.
Stock Identification of Atlantic Cod in U.S. Waters Using Microsatellite and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism DNA Analyses

Abstract Management of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua in U.S. waters is based on a two-stock model composed of stocks from (1) the Gulf of Maine (GOM) and (2) Georges Bank (GB) and areas south; however, evidence suggests a more fine-scale structuring. We used microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses to investigate the stock structure of Atlantic cod in U.S. waters. In year 1, we analyzed microsatellite loci in larvae from GB, age-0 juveniles from multiple locations in the GOM, and adults of unknown maturity from GB, Jeffreys Ledge, and the Great South Channel (GSC). In year 2, Atlantic cod collected from spawning aggregations in Ipswich Bay in the spring and at GB, Stellwagen Bank, Chatham, and Ipswich Bay in the winter, along with adults of unknown maturity from Long Island, New York, were surveyed at a modified battery of microsatellites and three SNPs. In year 1, we saw no significant differences in allelic frequencies between our composite sample of adult and juvenile cod from the G.
Characterization of a Fermented Feijoa Beverage

This study aimed to prepare a feijoa wine and to assess its physicochemical parameters, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity. Feijoa were harvested at physiological maturation, and their pulp was fermented in a BOD device at 16 ± 2 °C for 15 days. After the fermentation process, the beverage was characterized for its physicochemical parameters, total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids by spectrophotometry, carotenoids by HPLC, and antioxidant activity by the FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS methods. These same analyses were performed on the pulp in natura for comparative and evaluation purposes of the process. The feijoa fermentation process had a high yield (82%), and the physicochemical characteristics were in accordance with this class of beverage. The beverage had high antioxidant activity, while six carotenoids were identified in the fruit in natura , with (all)- trans -lutein and β-cryptoxanthin being the major carotenoids, in addition to a phenolic content of 176.22 mg GAE 100 g -1 and a total flavonoid content of 0.11 mEq quercetin 100 g -1 . The wine had a lower bioactive compound content but a higher antioxidant activity than the pulp. Feijoa wine is a viable technological product in addition to exhibiting antioxidant activity.
Relay intercropping soybeans into wheat in Kansas.

Research was conducted to evaluate relay intercropping of soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] into winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in areas of Kansas where length of growing season and inadequate rainfall limit the productivity of doublecropped soybeans. Objectives of the study were to: (i) examine the response of soybean and wheat cultivars to solid and skip-row planting patterns, and (ii) compare soybean and wheat performance when planted in monocropped and intercropped systems across a range of environments. (.)
Differences in the capture rate of cage-trapped red foxes Vulpes vulpes and an evaluation of rabies control measures in Britain

Summary 1 Methods used to control canids may differ in their relative effectiveness and how they ‘sample’ age and sex classes. However, there is little information on such biases. We utilized data from a population of known size and structure to quantify differences in the seasonal capture rate of foxes Vulpes vulpes of different age, sex and social status. The effects of home-range utilization and trap experience were also investigated. 2 The capture rate of juvenile (< 1 years) foxes was highest in spring and declined throughout the year. Adult (≥ 1 years) trap rates were equivalent to those of juveniles in winter. 3 Neither juveniles nor adults exhibited sex differences in trappability. 4 Adults were classified as dominant or subordinate based upon patterns of dyadic interaction. Subordinate foxes were trapped more frequently than dominants. 5 Trappability did not differ inside or outside of core areas, after controlling for trap effort. 6 Previous trap experience did not affect the capture rate of adult foxes. 7 Captures of non-resident foxes peaked in winter (52% of captures), associated with dispersing juveniles and adult males, and were lowest in summer (13%). 8 In Britain, 75–90% of foxes would need to consume poison or vaccine baits to control a rabies epizooty. During simulated rabies control operations, where cage-trapping was used to measure the proportion of foxes taking dummy baits containing a biomarker, < 30% of foxes consumed baits. However, non-resident foxes present during the period of baiting but not during trapping, or vice versa, may bias these calculations. We used the frequency of capture of non-resident foxes to re-examine the success rate of these trials. 9 Revised estimates still suggest that < 45% of foxes were reached during the simulated control operations. This is significantly below the levels necessary for rabies control. Further biomarker trials are required that do not rely only on trapping for sample collection and where the residency status of captured foxes has been determined.
Diatomaceous earth application to improve shrimp aquaculture: growth performance and proximate composition of Penaeus vannamei juveniles reared in biofloc at two salinities

Silicon dioxide has been used in aquaculture to increase the abundance of diatoms; however, its relationship with water quality or productive performance has not been investigated. Our study evaluated the effect of diatomite on water quality, growth performance and proximate composition of Penaeus vannamei reared in seawater (E1) and brackish water (E2) with biofloc. Two independent experiments (E1 and E2), each one with three treatments with biofloc were evaluated: treatments D with a weekly addition of diatomite (10 g m -3 ); the treatments D plus a continuous inoculum of diatom Chaetoceros muelleri (DD); and only biofloc like control, for E1 was used post-larvae with an initial body weight (IBW) of 0.0075 g; while in E2 was used juvenile with an IBW of 1.42 g. After seven weeks in E1, non-significant differences were registered in survival, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feeding conversion rate (FCR) between DD treatment and control. However, in E2, the treatment D showed significantly higher WG (9.83 g) and SGR (4.25% d -1 ) compared to control (7.64 g and 3.86% d -1 , respectively). Conversely, the FCR was lower in treatment D (1.16) compared to control (1.49). Non-significant differences were recorded in the proximate composition for shrimp, periphyton, and biofloc, among treatments in both experiments. Levels of nitrogenous wastes were similar among treatments. While in E2, the concentration of settleable solids was significantly higher in treatments with diatomite compared to control. Our results recommend the use of diatomite to improve the growth performance of shrimps cultured in brackish water with biofloc.
The effects of feeding regime on the growth and reproduction of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis

1. The feeding frequency, the size of meals, the number of meals required to attain reproductive maturity and the number of meals taken between iteroparous reproductive bouts were determined in the laboratory under optimal conditions for the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis fed exclusively on mammalian (bovine) blood. In addition the number of bouts of reproduction and the numbers of cocoons and hatchlings per cocoon produced were determined. 2. The average time for H. medicinalis to reach reproductive maturity at 20°C was 289 days, at an average wet biomass of 8143 mg with two–nine separate bouts of cocoon production. The number of meals to first reproduction was 8.9 (mean meal size of 3066.7 mg), with a significant correlation between total mass of blood ingested and the numbers of reproductive bouts and number of cocoons produced. Mean lifetime cocoon production per individual was 12.43, with 3.9 hatchlings per cocoon. 3. The significant positive relationships between ingestion, fecundity and developmental rate observed support the hypothesis that declining abundances of field populations of H. medicinalis are the result of lower available energy for growth, reflecting leeches now feeding predominantly on amphibian blood of lower energetic value than mammalian blood.
Rethinking the “social” in “social media”: Insights into topology, abstraction, and scale on the Mastodon social network

Online interactions are often understood through the corporate social media (CSM) model where social interactions are determined through layers of abstraction and centralization that eliminate users from decision-making processes. This study demonstrates how alternative social media (ASM)—namely Mastodon—restructure the relationship between the technical structure of social media and the social interactions that follow, offering a particular type of sociality distinct from CSM. Drawing from a variety of qualitative data, this analysis finds that (1) the decentralized structure of Mastodon enables community autonomy, (2) Mastodon’s open-source protocol allows the internal and technical development of the site to become a social enterprise in and of itself, and (3) Mastodon’s horizontal structure shifts the site’s scaling focus from sheer number of users to quality engagement and niche communities. To this end, Mastodon helps us rethink “the social” in social media in terms of topology, abstraction, and scale.
Influence of dietary nicotine on the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda and its parasitoid, the ichneumonid wasp Hyposoter annulipes

Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of nicotine (at a range of concentrations) in the food of an herbivorous host on the development, size and survival of its parasitoid. Fall armyworms, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were reared on diets of 0, 0.025, 0.050 and 0.075% nicotine and exposed to parasitism by Hyposoter annulipes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). As nicotine concentration increased parasitoid mortality and development time increased and adult weight decreased. Development time, pupal weight and survival were recorded for unparasitized armyworms. Unparasitized fall armyworms showed lengthened development and higher mortality but pupal weights were greatest at intermediate nicotine concentrations.
The Effects of Instagram Use, Social Comparison, and Self-Esteem on Social Anxiety: A Survey Study in Singapore

Social media have been growing rapidly during the past decade. However, it remains unclear whether social media make people more emotionally healthy or less. This study aims to explore the effect of Instagram use on individuals’ social anxiety. With a general basis of the three-stage model of interactive media use for health promotion, we conducted a cross-sectional online survey study (N = 388) in the context of Singapore and empirically tested a mediation pathway linking Instagram use to social anxiety. The results indicated that Instagram use did not directly increase social anxiety. Instead, social comparison, a proximal outcome, and self-esteem, an intermediate outcome played mediating roles, supporting the complete mediation effects. This finding provides important theoretical and practical implications for the design of health campaigns and education in this digital era to enhance the positive effect of social media on health and emotional well-being.
A technique to estimate the pre-fire depth of burial of Grevillea seeds by using seedlings after fire.

In a glasshouse experiment, we used the shrub Grevillea speciosa to examine the reliability of estimating the depth of seed burial based on the distance from the soil surface to the junction of the swollen hypocotyl with the radicle. We then examined the applicability of the technique in the field by using post-fire seedling emergence. We found that the mean length of the swollen hypocotyl in seedlings was a good predictor of the depth of seed burial (R2 = 0.97). Most variation occurred for seeds buried near the surface at 2-cm depth, where the swollen hypocotyl overestimated the depth of seed burial by about 1 cm. There was a decline in the ability of seeds to successfully emerge from soil depths below 2 cm, with seedlings of G. speciosa able to emerge from soil depths up to 8 cm in the glasshouse. This corresponds with the estimated maximum emergence depth based on seed mass. In the field, seedlings were estimated to have emerged from depths of 1–7 cm after an intense wildfire. There was an approximately normal distribution of seedling emergence depths; however, the mode of this distribution varied among locations. The technique gave comparable results to a similar technique developed for Acacia spp. , allowing consideration of a greater range of species and post-fire locations. Use of the technique has the potential to provide insights into the impacts of fires below ground, including the nature of post-fire germination, residual soil seed banks, the depth-related action of fire-induced germination cues and small-scale spatial variation.
Redescription on Raillietina echinobothrida (Pasquale, 1890) (Cestoda: Davaineidae) and study of conserved domain across divergent phylogenetic lineages of class cestoda.

Raillietina (Fuhrmannetaa) echinobothrida, (Magnin, 1881) cestode parasite of Gallus gallus domesticus is redescribed on the basis of type material from Aurangabad, Marathawada, Maharashtra, India. The present worms resemble with R. echinobothrida, (Magnin, 1881) in having all essential morphological characters. having scolex oval, rostellum elongated/rounded, presence of four suckers, short neck, mature proglottids are broader than long, testes rounded and excretory canal long tube. But the same differ due to number of testes. Hence it is redescribed. We carried out the phylogenetic analyses to observe molecular resemble of related proteins.
Small scale macrophyte-environment relationship in an oxbow-lake of the Upper-Tisza valley (Hungary)

We tested the relationship between water chemical variables and macrophyte vegetation in an oxbow-lake of the Upper-Tisza, Hungary. There were 42 releves in random plots of 2 m by 2 m and 20 chemical variables (Ca, Fe, Hydrogencarbonate, K, carbonate, Kjeldahl-nitrogen, chloride, COD(Cr), Mg, m-alkalinity, Mn, Na, NH4, NO2, NO3, dissolved orthophosphate-P, total phosphorus, pH, sulphate and conductivity) and a biological one (chlorophyll a) were measured. Detrended canonical correspondence analysis was used to explore the species-vegetation-water chemical variables relationship. Our results revealed that there were pronounced differences both in the vegetation and the chemical variables among the different kinds of vegetation patches. According to the DCCA, Trapetum natantis, Glycerietum maximae, Ceratophyllo-Nymphaeetum albae and Typhetum angustifoliae associations could be separated based on the releves and environmental variables. Kjeldahl nitrogen and carbonate were found to be the most important variables. Our results suggest that water chemical variables had strong influence on vegetation development. The groups of releves identified by the DCCA were coherent with classical phytosociological categories.
Corporate Economic, Environmental, and Social Sustainability Performance Transformation through ESG Disclosure

Within the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure–corporate sustainability performance (economic, environmental and social; EES) framework, our empirical analysis examined the impact of ESG information disclosure on EES sustainability performance among Asian firms from 2005 to 2017. The positive ESG disclosure–EES sustainability performance relationship found in this study provides evidence that disclosing the implementation of environment and social strategies within an effective system of corporate governance in the organization strengthens corporate sustainability performance. The results also show that environmental performance and social performance are significantly positively related to economic sustainable performance, indicating that the corporation’s economic value and creating value for society are interdependent. In line with the stakeholder theory and the shared value theory, ESG information disclosure to all stakeholders is an important factor in creating a competitive advantage for enhancing corporate sustainability performance.
Perfect coherent transfer in an on-chip reconfigurable nanoelectromechanical network

Realizing a controllable network with multiple degrees of interaction is a challenge to physics and engineering. Here, we experimentally report an on-chip reconfigurable network based on nanoelectromechanical resonators with nearest-neighbor (NN) and next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) strong couplings. By applying different parametric voltages on the same on-chip device, we carry out perfect coherent transfer in NN and NNN coupled array networks. Moreover, the low-loss resonators ensure the desired evolution to achieve perfect transfer and the demonstration of the parity-dependent phase relation at transmission cycles. The realization of NNN couplings demonstrates the capability of engineering coherent coupling beyond a simple model of a NN coupled array of doubly clamped resonators. Our reconfigurable nanoelectromechanical network provides a highly tunable physical platform and offers the possibilities of investigating various interesting phenomena, such as topological transport, synchronization of networks, as well as metamaterials.
Diet and Body Mass of Wintering Ducks in Adjacent Brackish and Freshwater Habitats

Abstract. Field-collected and hunter-donated ducks obtained during September-January of 1997–98 and 1998–99 were used to determine if food habits and body mass of Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) and Mallards (A. platyrhynchos) wintering in Suisun Marsh (Suisun), California, a managed estuarine brackish marsh, differed from values in the adjacent Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (the Delta), a freshwater region of grain fields flooded after harvest. Ducks in Suisun fed primarily on seeds of Sea Purslane (Sesuvium verrucosum), followed by Alkali Bulrush (Schoenoplectus maritimus) and Wild Millet (Echinochloa crusgalli), together forming 73–90% (aggregate % dry mass) of the diets. Ducks in the Delta fed primarily on seeds of Smartweed (Polygonum spp.), followed by corn (Zea mays) and tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum), together forming 62–88% of the diets. Pintails and Mallards collected in Suisun each had similar (5 of 11 seasonal comparisons) or greater (6 of the 11 comparisons) body mass compared to their conspecifics collected from the Delta (90% confidence interval analyses), despite a composite diet in the Delta having about 39% greater metabolizable energy content (ME) and 24% greater protein content than in Suisun. Therefore, diet quality alone was not a predictor of body mass in these two areas. Other factors must have been involved, such as greater food abundance and density, lower waterfowl abundance and density, or lower daily energy costs in Suisun. Direct measurement of these factors should explain the apparent inconsistencies in body mass relative to food quality in these brackish and freshwater habitats.
Effects of Climatic and Density-Dependent Factors on Year-Class Strength of Coregonus lavaretus in Lake Constance

The influences of density-dependent and density-independent factors on year-class strength (YCS) of Coregonus lavaretus in Lake Constance were studied by multiple linear regression analyses for the period from 1962 to 1982. Meteorological conditions that lead to early thermal stratification of the lake in April are of prime importance for YCS and account for 41% of the total YCS variance. Zooplankton concentration during spring has no significant influence on YCS. The extensive stocking program on the lake (50–200 million larvae stocked per year) significantly supports YCS, but this relationship becomes apparent only after the influence of meteorological conditions are removed from the data. Conspecifics of age-classes 1 and 2 have a negative influence on the age 0 year-class, but the nature of this intraspecific competition remains unknown. No stock–recruitment relationship could be detected in this study. The final model includes five independent variables and accounts for 84% of the total YCS variance.
Communicative Restrictions in Chinese Academic Discourse

The article is devoted to the study of communicative restrictions (taboo) in the academic space of the People’s Republic of China. Taboo in Chinese linguistic culture is based on the dominant principle of Chinese ideology – the principle of “saving of face” (face-saving), which allows people to effectively build harmonious relations in the academic community. The aim of the study is to identify the specifics of communicative restrictions in formal and informal academic communication within the framework of asymmetric, unequal, relations (“teacher – student”, “research supervisor – student”) and symmetrical, equal, relations (“teacher – teacher”, “student – student”). With the help of ethnographic, descriptive, and contextual analysis methods, the authors identify and present seven most relevant topics of taboo functioning in the process of formal and informal academic interaction. The results of the study can be used in theoretical and practical courses on communicative linguistics, discursive linguistics and discourse analysis, pragmalinguistics and intercultural communication. In addition, the work may be useful in developing cross-cultural trainings in the framework of interaction with China on academic mobility programs