Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ets-1 Regulates Energy Metabolism in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells predominantly utilize glycolysis for ATP production even in the presence of abundant oxygen, an environment that would normally result in energy production through oxidative phosphorylation. Although the molecular mechanism for this metabolic switch to aerobic glycolysis has not been fully elucidated, it is likely that mitochondrial damage to the electron transport chain and the resulting increased production of reactive oxygen species are significant driving forces. In this study, we have investigated the role of the transcription factor Ets-1 in the regulation of mitochondrial function and metabolism. Ets-1 was over-expressed using a stably-incorporated tetracycline-inducible expression vector in the ovarian cancer cell line 2008, which does not express detectable basal levels of Ets-1 protein. Microarray analysis of the effects of Ets-1 over-expression in these ovarian cancer cells shows that Ets-1 up-regulates key enzymes involved in glycolysis and associated feeder pathways, fatty acid metabolism, and antioxidant defense. In contrast, Ets-1 down-regulates genes involved in the citric acid cycle, electron transport chain, and mitochondrial proteins. At the functional level, we have found that Ets-1 expression is directly correlated with cellular oxygen consumption whereby increased expression causes decreased oxygen consumption. Ets-1 over-expression also caused increased sensitivity to glycolytic inhibitors, as well as growth inhibition in a glucose-depleted culture environment. Collectively our findings demonstrate that Ets-1 is involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism and response to oxidative stress in ovarian cancer cells.
The effect of D-galactosamine and actinomycin D on polysomes and messenger RNA levels in rat liver.

The amount of polysomes isolated from rat liver 6 hr after D-galactosamine administration decreased to approximately 50% of that isolated from livers of control rats. This decrease was not found after the administration of actinomycin D, although RNA synthesis was inhibited to a similar extent. No corresponding decrease in total hepatic mRNA after D-galactosamine injection was found upon translation in vitro in a reticulocyte cell-free system. The albumin mRNA level measured either by translation in vitro and immunoprecipitation or by hybridization to a specific complementary DNA probe was also unchanged after D-galactosamine administration. It is concluded that the disaggregation of polysomes observed after D-galactosamine administration cannot be due to alterations in mRNA but may rather be due to the modification or loss of as yet unknown molecules involved in the binding of ribosomes to mRNA.
Implementation of reactive and resistive load matching for optimal energy harvesting from piezoelectric generators

This paper discusses the implementation of an equivalent resistive-reactive load for the optimum energy harvesting from vibration sources. In photovoltaic applications, the converter impedance that ensures the maximum power is real and the Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) uses a single variable optimization algorithm (resistive load matching). The piezoelectric generator, instead, is characterized by a high capacitive impedance. Thus, the optimal power generation is obtained by a resistive and reactive load impedance (resistive and reactive load matching). Taking into account that the load matching inductor should be changed depending on the excitation frequency and it is usually impractically large if implemented by a passive element, the adaptive resistive-inductive (RL) impedance is here implemented using a bidirectional dc-dc converters and their parameters are tuned using a two-dimentional MPPT using the downhill simplex method. Simulation and experimental results obtained on a prototype, where the digital control has been implemented on a microcontroller platform, confirm the proposed analysis and the performance achievable by the proposed method. The resistive and reactive load matching strongly increases the power generation especially for excitation frequencies different from the resonant and antiresonant frequencies of the piezoelectric generator.
Comparison of rain fractions over tropical and sub-tropical ocean obtained from precipitation retrieval algorithms for microwave sounders

[1] We compare the fractional occurrence of precipitation (rain fraction) over ocean derived using the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation algorithm for the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (GSMaP_AMSU) and the Microwave Surface and Precipitation Products System Day 2 rainfall algorithm (NOAA_AMSU) for the Kwajalein radar site and over tropical and subtropical ocean. The rain fractions of GSMaP_AMSU and NOAA_AMSU are lower than that of Kwajalein radar estimates because of failure to detect areas of light rain. Over tropical and subtropical ocean, the rain fraction of GSMaP_AMSU is closer to that obtained using a microwave imager (MWI) and little different from that of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Precipitation Radar (PR) data, whilethe rain fraction of NOAA_AMSU is much smaller than that obtained using MWI or PR data. In the case of the edge of the South Pacific Convergence Zone where the PR observes scattered shallow rain, while NOAA_AMSU fails to detect the scattered rain, GSMaP_AMSU detects the scattered rain through consideration of the scattering index, which is the difference in brightness temperature (Tb) between 89 and 150 GHz. Although the scattering index is designed on the basis that Tb decreases in response to scattering by precipitation at these frequencies and increases rapidly with frequency, there are emission and scattering regimes. Furthermore, the scattering index also responds to emission in light rain with a low concentration of cloud liquid water. As a result, the light rain pixel can be detected using the scattering index to take advantage of the emission signature from raindrops.
Petrology and Geochronology of Rutile

Rutile (TiO2) is an important accessory mineral that, when present, offers a rich source of information about the rock units in which it is incorporated. It occurs in a variety of specific microstructural settings, contains significant amounts of several trace elements and is one of the classical minerals used for U–Pb age determination. Here, we focus on information obtainable from rutile in its original textural context. We do not present an exhaustive review on detrital rutile in clastic sediments, but note that an understanding of the petrochronology of rutile in its source rocks will aid interpretation of data obtained from detrital rutile. For further information on the important role of rutile in provenance studies, the reader is referred to previous reviews (e.g., Zack et al. 2004b; Meinhold 2010; Triebold et al. 2012). Coarse rutile is the only stable TiO2 polymorph under all crustal and upper mantle conditions, with the exception of certain hydrothermal environments (Smith et al. 2009). As such, we will focus on rutile rather than the polymorphs brookite, anatase and ultrahigh-pressure modifications. In this chapter, we first review rutile occurrences, trace element geochemistry, and U–Pb geochronology individually to illustrate the insights that can be gained from microstructures, chemistry and ages. Then, in the spirit of petrochronology, we show the interpretational power of combining these approaches, using the Ivrea Zone (Italy) as a case study. Finally, we suggest some areas of future research that would improve petrochronologic research using rutile. Rutile is a characteristic mineral in moderate- to high pressure metapelitic rocks, in high pressure metamorphosed mafic rocks, and in sedimentary rocks (e.g., Force 1980; Frost 1991; Zack et al. 2004b; Triebold et al. 2012). Rutile also occurs rarely in magmatic rocks, e.g., anorthosites, as well as in some hydrothermal systems. Coarse-grained …
Interactions Between Fire Severity and Forest Biota in the Central Sierra Nevada: Formation and Impact of Small-Scale Fire Refugia and the Effect of Fire on Forest Structure Predictive of Fisher (Pekania pennanti) Den Habitat

Fire refugia – which includes most unburned areas within fire perimeters – are recognized as significant to the survival of many taxa through fire events and the revegetation of post-fire landscapes. Previous work has shown that specific species use and benefit from small-scale fire refugia (1 m2 to 1000 m2), but our understanding of where and how fire refugia form is largely limited to the scale of remotely-sensed data (i.e., 900 m2 Landsat pixels). To examine the causes and consequences of small fire refugia, I field-mapped all unburned patches ≥1 m2 within a contiguous 25.6 ha forest plot that burned at low-to-moderate severity in the 2013 Yosemite Rim Fire, California, USA. Within the Yosemite Forest Dynamics Plot (YFDP), there were 685 unburned patches ≥1 m2, covering a total unburned area of 12,597 m2 (4.9%). I found small fire refugia within Landsat pixels with dNBR values ranging from 7 to 428. Random forest models showed that the proportion of unburned area of 10 m2 grid cells corresponded to pre-fire density and basal area of trees, distance to the nearest stream, and immediate fire mortality, but the relationships were complex and model accuracy was variable. From a pre-fire population of 34,061 total trees ≥1 cm diameter at breast height (1.37 m; DBH) within the plot (1,330 trees ha-1), trees of all five of the most common species and those DBH <30 cm in had higher immediate survival rates if their boles were wholly or partially within an unburned patch (P ≤0.001). Trees 1 cm ≤ DBH <10 that survived were 9 located closer to the center of the unburned patch than the edge (mean 1.1 m versus 0.6 m; ANOVA; P ≤0.001). Four-year survival rates for trees 1 cm ≤ DBH <10 cm were 58.8% within small refugia and 2.7% in burned areas (P ≤0.001). NMDS ordinations of understory plant indicated unburned areas were correlated with species richness and the Shannon Diversity Index, suggesting small fire refugia are areas with more diverse understory communities. Burn heterogeneity in mixed-conifer forests likely exists at all scales and small refugia contribute to diversity of forest species and structures, thus managers may wish to consider scales from 1-m2 to the landscape when designing fuel reduction prescriptions. The partial predictability of refugia location suggests that further research may lead to predictive models of refugial presence that have considerable potential to preserve ecological function or human habitation in fire-frequent forests.
Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) in Chinese pediatric Hodgkin disease

The Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of some Hodgkin disease (HD) cases. EBV may be associated particularly with childhood HD, a disease rare in the West compared with developing countries. In this study, a large series of Chinese pediatric HD cases has been examined to determine the age‐specific prevalence of EBV.
Lateral preference and schizotypy revisited: Comparison of handedness measurement and classification methods

A sample of 256 undergraduate students was administered five schizotypy scales and a lateral preference questionnaire consisting of 41 handedness items, in order to examine the effect of different approaches to the measurement and classification of handedness on the relationship between schizotypy and lateral preference. The extended handedness questionnaire included the 12 items of Annett's handedness questionnaire, the 10 items of Oldfield's (1971) Edinburgh Handedness Inventory, the 19 items of the lateral preference questionnaire used by Kelley and Coursey (1992a), and additional items from Steenhuis and Bryden's (1989) 32-item Waterloo Handedness Inventory, allowing the examination and comparison of a variety of handedness classification schemes and the computation of several continuous measures of handedness, and comparison of their relationships to schizotypy. Different approaches to the measurement and classification of handedness yielded somewhat different findings concerning the relationship to schizotypy, which also varied depending on gender and the schizotypy measure involved. Among males, higher schizotypy scores were associated with more dextral lateral preference, whereas among females higher schizotypy was associated with mixed right-handedness.
Bi-directional Inter-dependencies of Subjective Expressions and Targets and their Value for a Joint Model

Opinion mining is often regarded as a classification or segmentation task, involving the prediction of i) subjective expressions, ii) their target and iii) their polarity. Intuitively, these three variables are bidirectionally interdependent, but most work has either attempted to predict them in isolation or proposing pipeline-based approaches that cannot model the bidirectional interaction between these variables. Towards better understanding the interaction between these variables, we propose a model that allows for analyzing the relation of target and subjective phrases in both directions, thus providing an upper bound for the impact of a joint model in comparison to a pipeline model. We report results on two public datasets (cameras and cars), showing that our model outperforms state-ofthe-art models, as well as on a new dataset consisting of Twitter posts.
Maximum Power Point Tracker for Photovoltaic Systems using On-line Learning Neural Networks

this paper a new maximum-power-point-tracking (MPPT) controller for a photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion system is proposed. Nowadays, PV generation is more and more used as a renewable energy source. However, its main drawback is that PV generation is intermittent because it depends on shading conditions consequently irradiance value. Thus, the MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique) together with the battery energy storage is necessary in order to obtain a stable and reliable maximum output power from a PV generation system. In our research work, the reference voltage for the MPPT is obtained by an artificial neural network (ANN) using the steepest negative gradient algorithm. The tracking algorithm adjusts the duty-cycle value of the dc/dc buck converter so that the PV-module voltage equals the voltage corresponding to the MPPT for any given realistic operation irradiance and temperature. The controller, which uses the classical perturb and observe (P&O) technique processes then the information gathered to a ANN controller bloc, which in turn generates the optimal value of the buck converter duty-cycle. The energy obtained from the converter is stored in a lithium-ion battery which feeds a useful load. The simulation results show the effectiveness of this method for the extraction of the maximum power available in the presence of different types of disturbances.
Biochemical Characterization of Tomato Annexin p35

Tomato annexin p35 has been cloned and used in a site-directed mutagenesis study to explore the phospholipid binding and catalytic properties of the protein in detail. Analysis of the cDNA sequence of p35 reveals that the annexin has only two typical endonexin folds, corresponding to repeats I and IV. Expression of recombinant p35 in Escherichia coli confirmed both phospholipid binding and a nucleotide phosphatase activity that could be inhibited on interaction of the recombinant annexin with phospholipids. Site-directed mutagenesis in which the acidic residues Glu-68 (repeat I), and Asp-297 (repeat IV) were changed to Asn, generated two mutant forms, E68N and D297N, respectively. Both mutant forms of the annexin continued to express catalytic activity. Changing repeat I had little effect on phospholipid binding, whereas the change to repeat IV abolished this property. These data show that, in this plant annexin, repeat IV plays a more critical role in calcium-dependent phospholipid binding than repeat I, and that the catalytic and phospholipid binding activity of the protein can be separated experimentally.
The performance of different lookback periods and sources of information for Charlson comorbidity adjustment in Medicare claims.

BACKGROUND The Charlson Score is a particularly popular form of comorbidity adjustment in claims data analysis. However, the effects of certain implementation decisions have not been empirically examined. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of alternative data sources and lookback periods on the performance of Charlson scores in the prediction of mortality following hospitalization. SUBJECTS A representative sample of 1,387 elderly patients hospitalized in 1993, drawn from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS). Three years of linked Medicare claims and survey instruments were available for all patients, as was 2-year mortality follow-up. STATISTICAL METHODS Nested Cox regression and comparisons of areas under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate ability to predict mortality. RESULTS Compared with a 1-year lookback involving solely inpatient claims, statistically and empirically significant improvements in the prediction of mortality are obtained by incorporating alternative sources of data (particularly 2 years of inpatient data and 1 year of outpatient and auxiliary claims), but only if indices derived from distinct sources of data are entered into the regression distinctly. The area under the ROC curve for 1-year mortality predication increases from 0.702 to 0.741 (P = 0.002). Furthermore, these improvements in explanatory power obtained whether one also controls for Charlson scores based on self-reported health history and/or secondary diagnoses from the claim for the index hospitalization itself. Finally, claims-based comorbidity adjustment performs comparably to survey-derived adjustment, with areas under the ROC curve of 0.702 and 0.704, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The widespread practice of comorbidity adjustment in pre-existing administrative data sources can be improved by taking more complete advantage of existing administrative data sources.
Global Neural CCG Parsing with Optimality Guarantees

We introduce the first global recursive neural parsing model with optimality guarantees during decoding. To support global features, we give up dynamic programs and instead search directly in the space of all possible subtrees. Although this space is exponentially large in the sentence length, we show it is possible to learn an efficient A* parser. We augment existing parsing models, which have informative bounds on the outside score, with a global model that has loose bounds but only needs to model non-local phenomena. The global model is trained with a new objective that encourages the parser to explore a tiny fraction of the search space. The approach is applied to CCG parsing, improving state-of-the-art accuracy by 0.4 F1. The parser finds the optimal parse for 99.9% of held-out sentences, exploring on average only 190 subtrees.
An interview study of 'continuous' implementations of information technology

Modern workplaces are continuously affected by frequent implementations of information technology. Managing the technology's implementation can have an important moderating function between implementation characteristics and demands as well as effects for the companies and their employees. The development of an interview guide for evaluating technology implementations and their management and a first empirical application of the instrument are presented here. Developed incrementally, the interview guide consists of 139 questions on implementation characteristics, implementation management, and effects. Results of interviews with 59 managers of implementation projects are presented. The implementation projects fulfilled the following criteria: no first-time introduction of information technology, at least 10 employees affected and at least one day of training per employee. Most of the implementations investigated were characterized by increases in qualification demands, changes in work structures, and incr.
An investigation of the predictive accuracy of salinity forecast using the source IMS for the Murray-Darling river

The Murray Darling Basin (MDB) is Australia’s largest and most important river system. Today, the Murray Darling Basin Authority (MDBA) manages and operates the river system through the oversight of key components such as water storage, quality, markets, trade, sharing and salinity. In order to provide defensible operational decisions and enable effective planning, the MDBA has developed a model of the Lower Murray Darling River using the Source Integrated Modelling System (IMS). A key functionality of the model is the ability to forecast salinity. The forecasting of salinity enables justification of key water sharing and management decisions in relation to their effects on future salinity levels. In order to predict salinity, the current method is driven by three key inputs being salinity concentration (mg/L), flow (ML) and inflow salt load (Tonnes). Currently, salinity and flow are forecast using trend or average functions while inflow salt load is forecast using the average of the most recent month extrapolated forward. This research project worked to determine the current accuracy of salinity predictions within a new Source model and investigated methods used to estimate and forecast additional salt loads between the reaches. The project worked to improve the model prediction through investigating a variety of data smoothing methods in order to determine whether monthly averaging is the best representation of including the salt inflow loads within the current model. The project then worked to refine the existing forecast method using two approaches: one being trend extrapolation, and the second being application of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The results of the data smoothing analysis indicate that monthly averaging is the best representation of additional salt inflow used within the model. The results of the forecast analysis indicate that rather than using the average of the most recent month for forecasting, trend methods may provide a more effective option. Finally, the research found that the developed neural network was unable to recognize patterns present in the salt inflow data enabling an effective forecast. However, the research highlighted that the application of artificial neural networks are well suited to the prediction of water resource variables such as salinity and would make an excellent option for future research.
A Study on Web Resources_ Navigation for e-Learning: Usage of Fourier Domain Scoring on Web Pages Ranking Method

Using existing Web resources for e-learning is a very promising idea especially in reducing the cost of authoring. Envisioned as open-source, completely free, and frequently updated Wikipedia could become a good candidate. Even though Wikipedia has been structured by categories, still sometimes they are not dynamically updated when there are modifications. As Web resources for e-learning, it is a necessity to provide a navigation path in Wikipedia which semantically mapping the learning material and not merely based on the structures. The desired learning material could be provided as a request from search results. We introduce in this paper the usage of Fourier domain scoring (FDS) for ranking method in searching certain collection of Wikipedia Web pages. Unlike other methods that would only recognize the occurrence numbers of query terms, FDS could also recognize the spread of query terms throughout the content of Web pages. Based on the experiments, we concluded that the not relevant results retrieved are mainly influenced by the characteristic of Wikipedia. Given that the changes of Wikipedia Web pages could be done in any-part by anyone, we concluded that it is possible if only some parts of retrieved Web pages strongly related to query terms.