Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANALYTICAL SIMULATION OF A PWR USING MELCOR

After the two most significant nuclear accidents in history – the Chernobyl Reactor Four explosion in Ukraine (1986) and the Fukushima Daiichi accident in Japan (2011) –, the Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) included a new chapter (19) dedicated to the Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) and Severe Accident Analysis (SAA), covering accidents with core melting. FSAR is the most important document for licensing of siting, construction, commissioning and operation of a nuclear power plant. In the USA, the elaboration of the FSAR chapter 19 is according to the review and acceptance criteria described in the NUREG-0800 and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Regulatory Guide (RG) 1.200. The same approach is being adopted in Brazil by National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN). Therefore, the FSAR elaboration requires a detailed knowledge of severe accident phenomena and an analysis of the design vulnerabilities to the severe accidents, as provided in a PSA – e.g., the identification of the initiating events involving significant Core Damage Frequency (CDF) are made in the PSA Level 1. As part of the design and certification activities of a plant of reference, the Laboratory of Risk Analysis, Evaluating and Management (LabRisco), located in the University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil, has been preparing a group of specialists to model the progression of severe accidents in Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR), to support the CNEN regulatory expectation – since Brazilian Nuclear Power Plants (NPP), i.e., Angra 1, 2 and 3, have PWR type, the efforts of the CNEN are concentrated on accidents at this type of reactor. The initial investigation objectives were on completing the detailed input data for a PWR cooling system model using the U.S. NRC MELCOR 2.2 code, and on the study of the reference plant equipment behavior – by comparing this model results and the reference plant normal operation main parameters, as modeled with RELAP5/MOD2 code.
Structure of the Earth’s crust of the Eastern Rhodopes (Southern Bulgaria) from the regional deep reflection seismic profile Ivaylovgrad–Ardino

This paper presents a geological interpretation of the deep seismic profile Ivaylovgrad–Ardino, which was published in 1996. Four plates are distinguished according to their seismic features that build up the Eastern Rhodope Terrane. They have a total thickness of 22–24 km and layered structures with suboceanic character. The lower two plates (1, 2) are westward obducted on the Rila-Western Rhodope Terrane, forming one obduction complex. Plate 3 is probably also a part of the obduction complex. Plate 4 is thrust southward on all plates. A Kobilino Crypto-dome, comprising Plates 1 and 2 and covered discordantly by the third one, is found at the eastern part of the profile at 7–7.5 km depth. The two lower plates do not appear on the surface, but some ultrabasic to basic bodies are supposed to be parts of them, rising as tectonic slices. The Plate 3 is revealed on the surface at the eastern part of the seismic profile (east of Avren Fault), and is built up mainly by the Pre-Rhodopean Supergroup metamorphic rocks, respectively from the seismically indistinguishable Upper and Lower Allochthon. The Plate 4 appears mainly at the western end of the profile (between Mishevsko Village and Ardino Town), and is built up by the metamorphic rocks of the Rhodopean Supergroup from the Startsevo Lithotectonic Unit (or Middle Allochthon). Five fault and shear zone systems of different ages are distinguishable in all plates. Transparent areas in the plates are interpreted as magma chambers of the Paleogene volcanoes, others as Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene (? ) plutons. Because these magmatic chambers are located in the sub-oceanic crust, both intermediate and acid Paleogene volcanics have isotopic characteristics similar to those of the metasomatized mantle. Khrischev, K. , Shanov, S. , Pristavova, S. , Yanev, Y. 2020. Structure of the Earth’s crust of the Eastern Rhodopes (Southern Bulgaria) from the regional deep reflection seismic profile Ivaylovgrad–Ardino. Geologica Balcanica 49 (1), 3–30.
A characterization of glucose-induced downregulation of the glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR)

The primary role of the incretin hormone, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is to potentiate the secretion of insulin in a glucose-dependent manner. In humans and rat models with type 2 diabetes, however, this action is impaired as a result of attenuated GIP receptor (GIPR) expression in the pancreatic P-cell. It has been previously reported that glucose strongly downregulates GIPR mRNA expression in rat insulinoma FNS-1 (832/13) cells and rat islets in a concentration-dependent manner. Since chronic hyperglycemia was proposed to be a primary cause for GIP resistance one objective of my studies was to attempt reversal of this process by pharmacologically lowering blood glucose. However, treatment studies on the effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase (DPIV) inhibitor P32/98 and a DPIV-resistant analogue D-Ala-GIP on VDF and ZDF rats respectively, showed only moderate improvements in glucose homeostasis, and therefore were not appropriate models for determining the potential reversal effects of lowering blood glucose on islet GIPR expression. The mechanism for the glucoseinduced GIPR downregulation is not clear; however it has been previously reported that peroxisome proliferated activated receptor a (PPARa), an important transcription factor involved in fatty acid metabolism, plays an important role. The second objective of this study therefore, was to investigate the effects of a PPARa overexpression system on GIPR expression in INS-1 (832/13) cells. Unexpectedly PPARa did not significantly upregulate our gene of interest; however these studies and others suggest that stimulation of PPARa alone is not sufficient for regulation, and thus also requires an increase in availability of PPARa's co-activator retinoid X receptor (RXR). The third objective of this thesis was to examine the regulation of GIPR in adipose tissue and to determine
A comparative and pedagogical assessment of the Egyptian and Saudi EFL freshmen's English performance

The present study measured the impact of FL grammar instruction on developing the performance of both Egyptian and Saudi EFL freshmen in English grammar. A course of English grammar was separately taught to each group of participants covering all investigated grammar items. Data were separately collected from both groups through the instruments of pre and post tests. For this purpose, an English grammar test was constructed. Its Cronbach Alpha was . 92 suggesting high reliability. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to determine differences in grammar performance within and between the two groups of participants in the pre and post tests. Findings showed variance in the performance of FL grammar among Egyptian and Saudi EFL freshmen. The study drew implications for the process of teaching FL grammar in the Egyptian and Saudi contexts.
Stochastic model for surface diffusion of organic molecules

ix List of Abbreviations and Symbols Used . x Chapter
The Electrostatic Field-Effect in Electrically Actuated Nanopores

There exists a fluidic version of the electrostatic field-effect, by which the transport of ions and charged objects in solution can be controlled in nanoscale channels. In this dissertation, we present a theory of such "electrofluidic" gating, the fabrication of electrically articulated nanopore devices that can exploit it, and measurements of ionic and DNA transport that quantify the effect. The basic idea behind electrofluidic gating is that the charge on a metal electrode beneath an insulating layer can induce electric fields in a thin layer of fluid above it. The fundamental structure for electrofluidic gating is a metal-oxide-electrolyte (MOE) capacitor, whose charging grants control over the electric double layer of the fluid. In this dissertation, we first present a model for the charging behavior of the MOE capacitor. Our model emphasizes the chemistry of oxide surfaces. We next describe fabrication of nanopore devices with embedded electrodes by focused ion beam and transmission electron microscope. Studies of the milling rate and its dependence on the electron flux identified sputtering as the dominant erosion mechanism. Next we describe experiments of gating the ionic conductance of a nanopore with an embedded gate electrode. The induced swings in the conductance showed strong dependencies on the pH and the ionic strength of the solution that are well described by our model. The absence of gate leakage currents confirmed the purely electrostatic origin of this field-effect. Finally, we demonstrate field-effect control over DNA translocations in a gated nanopore. The capture of DNA from solution was facilitated by the application of a positive charge to the embedded gate electrode, and the average translocation speed increased. These effects are explained by the reduced effective size of the nanopore due to electrostatic repulsion of DNA from its charged walls and by the modified electro-osmotic flow. This picture is consistent with the reduced capture rate and the increased average translocation speed of DNA as we increased the Debye length. Gated nanopore devices thus begin to mimic the single-molecule regulatory capabilities of biological nanopores, and suggest new avenues for fundamental studies and technological applications.
Statistical and Comparative Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Activity over the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal (1977–2018)

A statistical comparative analysis of tropical cyclone activity over the Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal (BoB) has been conducted using best-track data and wind radii information from 1977 to 2018 issued by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Results show that the annual variation in the frequency and duration of tropical cyclones has significantly increased over time over the AS and insignificantly decreased over the BoB. The monthly frequency of tropical cyclones over the AS and the BoB shows a notable bimodal character, with peaks occurring in May and OctoberNovember, respectively. The maximum frequency of tropical cyclones occurs in the second peak as a result of the higher moisture content at mid-levels in the autumn. However, the largest proportion of strong cyclones (H1-H5 grades) occurs in the first peak as a result of the higher sea surface temperatures in early summer. Tropical cyclones over the AS break out later during the first peak and activity ends earlier during the second peak, in contrast with those over the BoB. This is related to the onset and drawback times of the southwest monsoon in the two basins. Tropical cyclones over the AS are mainly generated in the eastern basin, whereas in the BoB the genesis locations are meridionally (zonally) distributed in May-June (October-November) as a result of the seasonal movement of the low-level positive vorticity belt. The Arabian Sea is dominated by tropical cyclones that track west and northwest, accounting for about 74.6% of all the tropical cyclones there, whereas the tropical cyclones with a NE track account for only 25.4%. The proportions of the three types of tracks are similar in the BoB, with each accounting for about 33% of the tropical cyclones. The mean intensity and size of tropical cyclones over the AS are stronger and larger, respectively, than those over the BoB and the size of tropical cyclones over the North Indian Ocean in early summer is larger than that in the autumn. The asymmetrical structure of tropical cyclones over the North Indian Ocean is affected by topography and the longest radius of the 34 kt surface wind often lies in the eastern quadrant of the tropical cyclone circulation in both sea areas.
Findings Related to Student Identity Using the Large-Scale Civic Education Datasets

This presentation reveals the results of a content analysis of 101 secondary analysis publications that utilized either the IEA CIVED or IEA ICCS datasets. The analysis was conducted in three steps: deciding inclusion criteria, conducting a literature search, and synthesizing research specific aims. Utilizing these criteria, a table was created including the author and year, keywords, independent variables, dependent variables, mediator/moderator/group comparisons, how the study incorporated country comparisons, and a brief statement of the articles focus. The results of this analysis yielded a large amount of work considering student identity, which has received less attention in comparison to studies exploring aspects of democratic education or student dispositions. Thus, this study focuses primarily on how student identity, such as race, gender, immigrant status, and SES, relates to their educational experiences and development of civic engagement.
Selected ion flow drift tube (SIFDT) studies of reactive ion-neutral encounters

Data is presented for a series of experiments performed using a selected ion flow drift tube (SIFDT) apparatus operated at room temperature (300 ± 5 K) and at helium pressures typically between 0.3 0.5 Torr. Several of the experiments described utilised the apparatus as a conventional selected ion flow tube (SIFT), i.e. the drift capability was only employed in some of the experiments. Three termolecular ion-molecule association reactions proposed to playa potential role in the chemistry of the interstellar medium were investigated in an effort to elucidate the isomeric structures formed and thereby infer the structures likely to be formed in the analogous radiative association reactions at interstellar pressures. The termolecular association of H30+ with C2H2 is shown to produce a mixture of C2HsO+ isomers and efforts to identify the individual isomers are described. The termolecular association of H30+ with C2H4 produces a C2H70+ isomer that exhibits reactivity with the neutrals 2-fluorotoluene and acrylonitlile identical to that observed from protonated ethanol, C2HSOH2+' The termolecular association of CH2NH2+ with HCOOH is shown to produce an electrostatic adduct which undergoes facile ligand switching reactions with NH3 and the amines, CH3NH2 and C2HSNH2. The radiative association of CH2NH2 + with HCOOH is therefore not considered to be a plausible synthetic route to protonated glycine in the interstellar medium. Dissociative charge transfer from Kr+, CO+ or CO2 + to chlorobenzene is shown to produce the cyclic phenylium cation exclusively. Electron impact on halobenzenes and consecutive ion-molecule reactions of acetylene are known to produce a mixture of C6HS + isomers. It is shown that the more reactive of these isomers has the phenylium structure. Low energy dissociative chal'ge transfer to cyc10heptatriene or benzyl bromide is used to selectively form the tropylium and benzyl cations respectively. The experiments lead to an estimate of the barrier height for the isomerisation benzyl ;;:=! :o tropylium of 2.7 ± 0.9 e V. Reaction with benzene is used as a diagnostic for distinguishing the isomeric C7H7 + product(s) formed in a series of ion-molecule reactions. The allyl, CH2CHCH2+, and 2-propenyl, CH3CCH2+' cations are observed as distinct isomeric species in the SIFT. Reaction with methanol is used to distinguish
Prevalência de mordida aberta e fatores associados em pré-escolares de Salvador-BA em 2019

Resumo Introdução A mordida aberta anterior é um dos tipos de má-oclusão mais frequentes em pré-escolares, sendo considerada um dos problemas oclusais mais difíceis de tratar, principalmente por sua etiologia multifatorial e sua íntima relação com hábitos bucais deletérios. Objetivo Identificar a prevalência de mordida aberta anterior nos pré-escolares de Salvador-BA, bem como fatores potencialmente associados à mesma. Material e método Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal em 1.577 crianças em idade pré-escolar (36 a 71 meses), que frequentavam creches públicas municipais de Salvador-BA. Resultado A média de idade das crianças foi aproximadamente 54 meses. A maioria pertencia ao sexo masculino (50,29%). A população de estudo foi predominantemente composta por negros e pardos (92,02%). A prevalência de má-oclusão foi de 40,46% e, destes, 14,02% possuíam mordida aberta. Com relação à escolaridade, a maior parte das mães (55,86%) e dos pais (50,08%) foi igual ou superior ao Ensino Fundamental II Completo. A sucção digital foi comum em 6,73% das crianças e 10,39% faziam sucção de chupeta. Foram identificados, como fatores de proteção à mordida aberta, a escolaridade do pai maior ou igual ao Ensino Fundamental II completo (RP= 0,62 IC= 0,41-0,95) e a onicofagia (RP= 0,34 IC= 0,21-0,56). Como fatores de risco, identificaram-se o uso de chupeta (RP= 17,98 IC= 10,91-29,62) e a sucção digital (RP= 11,04 IC= 6,0-20,32). Conclusão Medidas educativas direcionadas aos pais e responsáveis se fazem essenciais para a prevenção do desenvolvimento de hábitos deletérios nos pré-escolares. Outros estudos são necessários a fim de aprofundar o entendimento sobre os fatores de proteção identificados neste estudo.
Factors Related to Malnutrition Events in Under-Five Children in Kabukarudi Village, East Nusa Tenggara

ABSTRACT Background: Malnutrition has become an urgent global health problem. Millions of people are killed or disabled every year due to insufficient nutrition. Indirectly influenced by upbringing, food availability, socio-economic, cultural, and environmental factors. Based on the regency, the highest percentage is in West Sumba (12.20%). This study aimed to find out the factors related to malnutrition events in under-five children in Kabukarudi village, East Nusa Tenggara. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted in Kabukarudi Village, Lamboya District, West Sumba Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. A sample of 99 was selected by purporsive sampling. The data was analyzed by chi square. Results: Relationship between knowledge level (p = 0.047), type of foodstuff (p <0.001), and infectious diseases (p <0.001) it was statistically significant. Conclusion: Malnutrition events in under-five children is associated with knowledge level about nutrition, type of food consumed and infectious disease. Keywords: malnutrition, knowledge, food variant, infection desease Correspondence: Theresia Puspitawati. Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Respati Yogyakarta. Jl. Laksda Adisucipto KM.6,3, Ambarukmo, Caturtunggal, Sleman distric, Yogyakarta 55281 E-mail: thpuspitawati@gmail.com. Mobile: +628122719110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01. 21
Genome regulation by long noncoding RNAs in neonatal heart maturation and congenital heart defects

Fetal to neonatal transition of heart is an elaborate process, during which neonatal cardiomyocytes undergo functional maturation and terminal exit from the cell cycle. This tightly regulated process may become rapidly disrupted in the context of congenital heart defects (CHDs). CHDs affect 1% of live births and are a major source of childhood morbidity and mortality. Residing in the non-coding regions of the genome, the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as important regulators of cardiac development and putative key contributors to CHDs. However, lacking sequence conservation and appropriate annotation, elucidating lncRNAs functions has been notoriously challenging. While the roles of most predicted lncRNAs in heart development and CHDs await functional resolution, the biological impacts of regulatory lncRNAs and their mechanisms of action are likely to be diverse, thus requiring focused efforts in these contexts. These limitations can now be circumvented by the combination of advanced, genome-wide, sequencing platforms and powerful functional and molecular tools. In this review article, we discuss principle considerations for regulatory lncRNA discovery. Although we primarily focus on neonatal heart maturation and CHDs, the proposed algorithm should facilitate mechanistic exploration of functional lncRNAs in various disease models. These insights could ultimately lead to novel diagnostics and therapeutic approaches targeting lncRNAs in neonatal heart pathologies and CHDs.
Lifting Wavelet Transform in Compressive Sensing for MRI Reconstruction

Compressed sampling in the application of magnetic resonance imaging compression requires high accuracy when reconstructing from a small number of samples. Sparsity in magnetic resonance images is a fundamental requirement in compressed sampling. In this paper, we proposed the lifting wavelet transform sparsity technique by taking wavelet coefficients on the low pass sub-band that contains meaningful information. The application of novel methods useful for compressing data with the highest compression ratio at the sender but still maintaining high accuracy at the receiver. These wavelet coefficient values are arranged to form a sparse vector. We explore the performance of the proposed method by testing at several levels of lifting wavelet transform decomposition, include Levels 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. The second requirement for compressed sampling is the acquisition technique. The data sampled sparse vectors using a normal distributed random measurement matrix. This matrix is normalized to the average energy of the image pixel block. The last compressed sampling requirement is a reconstruction algorithm. In this study, we analyze three reconstruction algorithms, namely Level 1 magic, iteratively reweighted least squares, and orthogonal matching pursuit, based on structural similarity index measured and peak signal to noise ratio metrics. Experimental results show that magnetic resonance imaging can be reconstructed with higher structural similarity index measured and peak signal to noise ratio using the lifting wavelet transform sparsity technique at a minimum decomposition level of 4. The proposed lifting wavelet transforms and Level 1 magic reconstruction algorithm has the best performance compared to the others at the measurement rate range between 10 to 70. This method also outperforms the techniques in previous studies.