Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demographic and Economic Correlates of Mortality Due to Traffic Accidents among Children Aged 1–14 Years in European Countries

Background: To evaluate the changes of mortality among children aged 1–14 yr due to road traffic injury and related demographic and economic factors in an ecological study undertaken in 33 European countries. Methods: Information about mortality due to road traffic injury among children aged 1–14 yr in European countries was obtained from the WHO database. Changes in the mortality for the years 2000–2009 were estimated as linear regression. These deaths were correlated with demographic and economic factors. Results: The greatest burden of child mortality due to road traffic accidents was observed in Baltic States, three times lower mortality levels than that in Northern States. Between 2000 and 2009, there was a significant reduction (P<0.05) in mortality among children aged 1–14 yr in Southern-West countries and Western countries, 1–4 yr in Central and Eastern countries, and 5–14 yr in Northern countries. Mortality due to road traffic injury among boys was strongly associated with the level of urbanization. Both sexes showed strong negative correlations with the economic level and strong positive correlations with income inequality. Conclusion: Although in European countries the mortality of children due to traffic injury was considerably reduced, efforts should be made to educate and design a safe environment.
Emotions Behind Drive-by Download Propagation on Twitter

Twitter has emerged as one of the most popular platforms to get updates on entertainment and current events. However, due to its 280-character restriction and automatic shortening of URLs, it is continuously targeted by cybercriminals to carry out drive-by download attacks, where a user’s system is infected by merely visiting a Web page. Popular events that attract a large number of users are used by cybercriminals to infect and propagate malware by using popular hashtags and creating misleading tweets to lure users to malicious Web pages. A drive-by download attack is carried out by obfuscating a malicious URL in an enticing tweet and used as clickbait to lure users to a malicious Web page. In this article, we answer the following two questions: Why are certain malicious tweets retweeted more than others? Do emotions reflecting in a tweet drive virality? We gathered tweets from seven different sporting events over 3 years and identified those tweets that were used to carry to out a drive-by download attack. From the malicious (N = 105, 642) and benign (N = 169, 178) data sample identified, we built models to predict information flow size and survival. We define size as the number of retweets of an original tweet, and survival as the duration of the original tweet’s presence in the study window. We selected the zero-truncated negative binomial (ZTNB) regression method for our analysis based on the distribution exhibited by our dependent size measure and the comparison of results with other predictive models. We used the Cox regression technique to model the survival of information flows as it estimates proportional hazard rates for independent measures. Our results show that both social and content factors are statistically significant for the size and survival of information flows for both malicious and benign tweets. In the benign data sample, positive emotions and positive sentiment reflected in the tweet significantly predict size and survival. In contrast, for the malicious data sample, negative emotions, especially fear, are associated with both size and survival of information flows.
Lustreware production in Renaissance Italy and influences from the Mediterranean area

This paper will analyse the major production centres of lustre-ware in Renaissance Italy. Focus will be on central Italy (Deruta and Cafaggiolo), considering both the development of the production technique and whether it can be proved that potters moved from one productive centre to the other carrying with them the knowledge needed for terzo fuoco. The attempts made in Montelupo and Faenza will be analysed as well. Primary sources, such as Li Tre Libri dell’Arte del Vasaio by Piccolpasso, describe in detail all the processes of lustre-ware making; these ‘recipes’ are known from other potters’ books written in the same period. What is not said, however, is how Renaissance potters came Marta Carascio
EVALUATION OF HEAVY METALS CONTAMINATION OF SOIL AROUND THE ABANDONED COAL ASH DUMPSITE IN OJI, ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA

The assessment of heavy metals levels in the soil from the Oji coal ash dump was evaluated. Concentration levels of the thirteen metals Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Co, Zn, As, Mo, Se and Hg in the soil samples were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) Varian 240 AA. The soil samples were subjected to Speciation analysis using the modified Tessier Sequential Extraction Protocol (SEP). The trend for percentage bio-available metals in the soil of the study area was As > Pb > Cd > Fe > Co > Cu > Mn > Mo > Ni > Zn > Cr > Se. The speciation results showed that most of the metals are distributed more in the residual fractions. Hence, metals like Fe, Mn and Se with concentration levels of 572.58±243.75, 220.87±90.53, and 59.45±11.85 mg/kg, respectively did not constitute danger to the environment, since their bio-available fractions did not exceed their standard limits. However, the bio-available fractions of 161.75 mg/kg (44.15%), 8.38 mg/kg (35.39%) and 128.13 mg/kg (37.44%) for As, Cd and Pb, respectively were more prominent and toxic than other metals, as their concentrations were above the values recommended for agricultural soils by USEPA and EU. The results also showed that the heavy metal concentrations were higher in the study area than the background. Consequently, water sources from the study area should undergo proper treatment before use. Also, further studies which will involve analysis of plant samples and water sources of the environment are recommended.
Shredder-collector facilitation in stream detrital food webs: is there enough evidence?

It is widely assumed that, among detritivorous stream invertebrates, shredders facilitate collectors through their role in producing particles from coarser detritus. While this hypothesis is plausible, we argue that it has not been adequately tested. It has not even been clear what information would be necessary or sufficient to document such an interaction. We outline the evidence which we believe must be sought: it must be established that collectors are particle-limited, that shredder activity produces particles, that shredder activity enhances collector performance, and that the mechanism for this enhancement lies in particle production and not some other process. We review available data that bear on these propositions, and describe a straightforward experiment which could unambiguously test the shredder-collector facilitation hypothesis
Happy Together? On Satisfaction in Czech Academia— A Response to Zábrodská et al.*

At first glance it looks like tremendously positive news: Kateřina Zábrodská, Jiří Mudrák, Petr Květoň, Marek Blatný, Kateřina Machovcová, and Iva Šolcová in their recent article ‘Keeping Marketisation at Bay: The Quality of Academic Worklife at Czech Universities’ claim that the Czech academic environment is, to a large extent, being spared the effects of the multiple forces of neoliberal ideology and market-driven rationality [Zábrodská et al. 2016]. Drawing on a large-scale e-mail survey, the authors suggest that nearly 84% of Czech academics working at public universities are satisfied or very satisfied in their workplace and on the basis of this finding conclude that Czech higher education (HE) ‘keeps marketisation at bay’, especially when contrasted with academies in other nations. This is a fascinating argument and conclusion, which suggests that there is something exceptional about the Czech academic environment and culture that, precisely because of this uniqueness, calls for further inquiry and reflection. I approached two other scholars from different professional backgrounds and asked them to comment on the conceptual framing, relevance, methods, and findings of Zábrodská et al.’s study. My contribution here is followed by a short reflection by Johana Chylíková from the Institute of Sociology of the Czech Academy of Sciences. Her text focuses solely on the methodological flaws of Zábrodská et al.’s study. Roger Dale from the Graduate School of Education at the University of Bristol then addresses two aspects of the study in a response: first, the dominant, but inward looking ‘HEism’ that seems to pervade much work on HE, and second, the relevance of the study for changing the conditions of academic knowledge production. In my critical response to Zábrodská et al., apart from expanding on some important contextual factors, I will argue that assessing levels of individual satisfaction provides neither an indicative nor a substantive basis with which to confirm the presence or absence of market (or, broadly, neoliberal) ideology in the public sector and specifically in higher education and (publically funded) science. The assumption in Zábrodská et al.’s study—that the presence of marketisation generates dissatisfaction, and subsequently the absence of marketisation
Antecedents of Women Workforce Conflict and Turnover: The Role of Culture and Environment

Resolving workforce conflict and turnover issues have being a great concern. Even a greater challenge is to know how this conflict takes place. Organizations working to overcome gender inequality find it even more difficult to cope up with this situation when conflict arises in the Women Workforce. This study aims to explore the reason for Women Workforce conflict and turnover, and particularly explore the role of culture and environment. We proposed a theoretical framework explaining this phenomenon. We hypothesized that various factors such as Psychological work factors, lack of Diversity, incivility, Discriminatory HR planning, no identity separation, and Gender inequality negatively affect both work both culture and environment. And this would ultimately lead to women workforce turnover and conflicts. We establish its empirical validity by conducting a survey using a close-ended questionnaire. Data was collected from 314 individuals and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation modeling. The results showed that Diversity, and Identity Separation have a positive whereas Gender Inequality, and Discriminatory HR Planning have a negative significant effect on the Work Environment. Moreover, the work environment in turn positively affects Women Workforce Turnover and Workforce Conflict. Psychosocial work Factors also positively affect work culture, which subsequently affects both and Women Workforce Turnover, and Conflict. Hence work environment, and culture both play an effective mediatory role in-between these factors and Women Workforce Human Resource Research ISSN 1948-5441 2020, Vol. 4, No. 1 http://hrr.macrothink. org 177 Turnover, and Conflict. Findings imply that Culture and work environment should have been considered in a professional and well-directed manner.
Knowledge, Experience and Coping Strategies for Workplace Violence among Nurses in Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria

Background and Purpose: Workplace violence remains common in Nigeria work settings. Unfortunately, nursing, a profession that builds its practice on compassion while caring for their patients is not spared from this phenomenon of workplace violence. Studies have reported cases of workplace violence among nurses to occur frequently worldwide (Koh, 2016). Workplace violence is prevalent in healthcare organizations. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 250 nurses to assess the knowledge, experience and coping strategies for workplace violence among the nurses working in Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire. The first part included questions about demographic characteristics. The second part of the questionnaire consisted of 48 items related to the workplace injuries. After confirming content and face validity, reliability of the questionnaire was determined to be 0.79, using Cronbach’s alpha test. Data analysis including descriptive and analytical statistics was performed using SPSS Ver. 23. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The majority age of the participants was within (31-40) years old and 76% were female. The overall knowledge of the respondents on workplace violence was 71.2%. Communication gap between patients and health care providers (94%), Delay in diagnosis and treatment (94%) and patient’s death (90%) were the most common actions resulted to workplace violence among Nurses in Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. The most psychological attacked experienced by the nurses are verbally abused (76%) and intimidation (68%). Also, the coping strategies that were adopted against workplace violence among nurses were; improving treatment process and shorten waiting time by the hospital management (100%), improving interpersonal relationship between patients and healthcare providers (100%) and provision of training program on violence management by the hospital management (100%). The finding from this research shows there exists a statistical significant relationship between Nurses’ Knowledge and Nurses’ Experience on workplace violence; also, there was a significant relationship between Nurses’ Knowledge and Coping Strategies on workplace violence. Conclusion: Based on the above findings, it can be concluded that Nurses’ working in Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria are mostly at high risk of workplace violence especially the once working in some certain units/wards like emergency, intensive care unit and Paediatrics. The above findings also brought out a conclusion that the major cause of workplace violence are shortage of staff, delay in diagnosis and treatment and patients’ death. Poor interpersonal relationship between health care providers and communication gap between patients and health care providers are also some of the major causes of workplace violence based on findings.
NSS_A_240493 289..298

1Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; 2Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; 3Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; 4Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; 5Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; 6Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany Background: Subjectively experienced sleepiness is a problem in society, possibly linked
In-vitro screening of Kalahari browse species for rumen methane mitigation

The nutritional value of browse foliage from the Thorny Kalahari Dune Bush veld of South Africa is not characterized. Most of this browse species is rich in tannin, but still palatable, and is consumed by ruminants during the dry season, as well as having a role to play in mitigating enteric methane emission from ruminants. In this study, the rumen methane mitigation potential of 19 browse species foliage collected from the Thorny Kalahari Dune Bush veld, was analyzed in terms of chemical composition, in vitro fermentation, digestibility and methane production. In vitro gas and methane production and organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were determined by using rumen fluid collected, strained and anaerobically prepared. A semi-automated system was used to measure gas production (GP) from each browse species by incubating 400 mg samples in a shaking incubator at 39 °C with or without inclusion of 400 mg of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Data for all the parameters collected were statistically analyzed using the SAS (9.0) general linear model (GLM) procedure, and differences between foliage species were determined using Duncan’s multiple-range test. Acacia luederitziiand Monechma incanumshowed the best potential for decreasing methane production by up to 90 % after 48 h of incubation. The secondary components (mainly tannins) of the browse species appeared to have a significant effect on volatile fatty acids (VFA), methane and gas production as judged by the comparison of samples incubated with or without PEG inclusion. The substantial amount of crude protein (CP) content coupled with their anti-methanogenic effect during fermentation would make these browses a potential mitigation option for small scale farmers and pastoralists in sub-Sahara Africa. However, it is also very important that systematic and strategic supplementation in a mixed diet should be looked at as the way forward in terms of best utilization.
A Multivariate Realized GARCH Model

We propose a novel class of multivariate GARCH models that utilize realized measures of volatilities and correlations. The central component is an unconstrained vector parametrization of the correlation matrix that facilitates modeling of the correlation structure. The parametrization is based on the matrix logarithmic transformation that retains the positive definiteness as an innate property. A factor approach offers a way to impose a parsimonious structure in high dimensional system and we show that a factor framework arises naturally in some existing models. We apply the model to returns of nine assets and employ the factor structure that emerges from a block correlation specification. An auxiliary empirical finding is that the empirical distribution of parametrized realized correlations is approximately Gaussian. This observation is analogous to the well-known result for logarithmically transformed realized variances.
A hierarchical zero‐inflated model for species compositional data—from individual taxon responses to community response

Healthy macroinvertebrate communities are typically composed of a few abundant taxa and many relatively rare taxa. These rare taxa tend to be sensitive to pollution and, in aggregate, are important indicators of water quality (e.g., EPT taxa richness that combines Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera taxa). Rare taxa lead to community data sets that contain large numbers of zero values that are often a source of difficulty in data processing and analysis. A hierarchical zero‐inflated Poisson model is developed to study the responses to watershed urbanization of a group of macroinvertebrates taxa (EPT taxa) often used as indicators of good water quality and a healthy stream ecosystem. The zero‐inflated Poisson model is parameterized with a unimodal curve for the abundance model and a logit‐linear model for the zero model. The hierarchical model is used to integrate responses of individual taxa into a community level response. The emphasis of the model is on estimating the probability that an observed 0 represents the true absence of a taxon. By modeling the probability of true absence as a function of watershed level urbanization intensity both at individual taxon level and at the community level, we are able to develop a stressor‐specific tolerance indicator to (1) separate truly sensitive EPT taxa from more tolerant taxa, and (2) compare the responses of different communities to the same stressor or responses of the same community in different regions. We document the development of the model and the process of integrating individual taxon models into a community model. The model is applied to a data set collected for study of the effect of urbanization on stream ecosystems.
Duplo: a framework for OCaml post-link optimisation

We present a novel framework, Duplo, for the low-level post-link optimisation of OCaml programs, achieving a speedup of 7% and a reduction of at least 15% of the code size of widely-used OCaml applications. Unlike existing post-link optimisers, which typically operate on target-specific machine code, our framework operates on a Low-Level Intermediate Representation (LLIR) capable of representing both the OCaml programs and any C dependencies they invoke through the foreign-function interface (FFI). LLIR is analysed, transformed and lowered to machine code by our post-link optimiser, LLIR-OPT. Most importantly, LLIR allows the optimiser to cross the OCaml-C language boundary, mitigating the overhead incurred by the FFI and enabling analyses and transformations in a previously unavailable context. The optimised IR is then lowered to amd64 machine code through the existing target-specific code generator of LLVM, modified to handle garbage collection just as effectively as the native OCaml backend. We equip our optimiser with a suite of SSA-based transformations and points-to analyses capable of capturing the semantics and representing the memory models of both languages, along with a cross-language inliner to embed C methods into OCaml callers. We evaluate the gains of our framework, which can be attributed to both our optimiser and the more sophisticated amd64 backend of LLVM, on a wide-range of widely-used OCaml applications, as well as an existing suite of micro- and macro-benchmarks used to track the performance of the OCaml compiler.
Arctic alpine vegetation change over 20 years

Recent arctic warming experiments have recorded significant vegetation responses, typically an increase in shrub cover and a loss of species richness. We report similar changes in vegetation along an arctic mountainside in northern Sweden over 20 years. During this time mean annual temperature increased by 2.0 °C, and growing season temperature by 2.3 °C. Growing season length increased by 28% at the bottom of our study area, in birch forest, and by 175% on the mountaintop. Neither total vegetation cover nor the cover of bare ground changed. One common dwarf shrub, Empetrum hermaphroditum, and two common forbs, Viola biflora and Geranium sylvaticum, increased in abundance over time, but no common species moved up the gradient. Species richness declined significantly over time, with an average loss of two species per 50 cm × 100 cm plot. The richness of herbaceous species at intermediate altitudes decreased significantly with increasing shrub cover. In spite of large changes in temperature, the type and magnitude of vegetation change along this mountainside were relatively modest and consistent with those from wide‐spread warming experiments.
Reflections on Deploying Community-Driven Visualisations for Public Engagement in Urban Planning

Publicly available visualisations play an increasing role in enabling wider audiences to contribute to debates to shape place futures. In this article, we unpack such contributions to consider the conceptualisation, actualisation and deployment of these visualisations as separate entities that each require development and reflection. In doing so we draw on our experiences of using two public engagement tools that utilise visualisations of residents’ comments. Through this we explore the limitations of visualisations in public engagement designed to support differing levels of debate and their abilities to support abstract topics and geographic associations. We discuss how visualisations alone do not produce actions and how they need to be rooted in wider conversations about a place to lead to insights and action. The article calls for the linking of visualisations for place meaning and place action at different stages of much broader public engagement projects to unlock the potentials present in them in the mediatisation of built environment outcomes.