Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Study of Prevalence of Bronchial Asthma among School Going Children in South India

Background: Bronchial asthma (asthma) is the chronic illness in the childhood resulting in morbidity as it is not correctly diagnosed and treated properly. It is basically an allergic disorder; certain respiratory infection and air pollution also contributes to its etiology. Methods: This study focusses on prevalence of asthma among school going children and also record the demographic profile. This study also highlights to spread the awareness and policy decision making in the diagnosis and treatment of asthma in children. Results: The prevalence of asthma among school children in the current study was found to be 4.5%. Maximum numbers of positive cases were found at the age of 15 years, 10 (5.37 %) cases. In the current study the prevalence of asthma was found to be 4.24% in the 12-13 years age group and prevalence was found to be 4.73% in the 14-15 years age group. The prevalence of asthma was found to be higher among boys (5.14%) than of girls (3.77%). Conclusion: This study could identify an array of risk factors possibly involved in the prevalence of asthma in this region. Recognition of the risk factors will help parents, medical personnel and health planner’s device preventive and early intervention programs to reduce the burden of asthma in the community.
Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in the saliva using real-time PCR with emphasis on oral lichen planus

HCV plays an important role not only in liver diseases but also in the establishment of extrahepatic manifestations and immune abnormalities. Oral lichen planus (OLP) that appears in the oral cavity has been reported as an extrahepatic lesion induced by HCV. HCV RNA has been detected in the saliva of HCV positive patients. If sterilization and disinfection techniques are inadequate, there is an increased risk of HCV transmission to exposed individuals. he current study included a group of 40 HCV RNA positive patients. Paired blood and saliva samples were tested by real time PCR for HCV viral. Dental examination was performed for all patients. HCV RNA was found in 17 out of the 40 saliva specimens (42.5 %), obtained from the patients. No statistical significant relation was found between the detection of HCV RNA in the saliva and the different dental treatments as risk factors. There was no correlation between viral load in the serum and viral load in saliva. Also, there was no statistically significant relationship between serum HCV RNA viral load and the delectability of HCV RNA in the saliva. Three patients out of 40 (7.5%) had OLP. [El-Zarka M. S, El-Nouaem M. I. , Metwally D E. and Essawy M. M. Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in the saliva using real-time PCR with emphasis on oral lichen planus. Journal of American Science 2011;7(4):854859]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience. org.
EFFECTS OF PROBIOTICS AND SYNBIOTICS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN BROILER CHICKENS

The research was conducted to observe the effect of probiotics and synbiotics on growth performance (body weight gain, carcass percentage, average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio), haematological parameters (total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume) and biochemical parameters (Urea, Uric acid, Creatinine, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) of broiler chickens.Twenty one, one-day-old broiler chicks (Shaver starbro) were assigned to 3 treatments (7 birds/ treatment). Treatment groups were: Control diet without synbiotics or probiotics (Group A), with probiotics (Gut-pro ® ) (Group B), with synbiotics (TGI ® ) (Group C). Chicks were reared for 35 days. Body weight gain was increased significantly (p<0.05) in birds supplemented synbiotic compared with control and probiotic treated group. The synbiotic supplemented group had increased (p<0.05) carcass percentage compared with the control group and probiotic supplemented group. However, the carcass percentage did not show significant differences between the control group and probiotic supplemented group. Packed cell volume increased (p<0.05) in synbiotic and probiotic treated group. Urea, uric acid and creatinine concentration increased significantly (p<0.01) in synbiotic supplemented group. No significant (p>0.05) difference was found for serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase but serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase value increased significantly (p<0.01) in both probiotic and synbiotic treated group.
ASSESSMENT OF WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE AMONG BASIC SCHOOLS IN ELOBEID

Background: Water and sanitation improvements, in association with hygiene behavior change, can have significant effects on population and health by reducing a variety of disease conditions such as diarrhea, intestinal helminths, guinea worm, and skin diseases. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess water, sanitation and hygiene among Basic schools in El-Obied, North Kordofan State. Methodology: This facility based cross-sectional study comprised of 428 students selected from 12 schools. Data were collected via questionnaire as well as the interviews, observation checklist and bacteriological tests of water. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 11.5. Results: The study showed that 13 samples of drinking water contain coliform organism, and 10 samples of water contain E.Coli while 4 samples of water without pollution. Inaddition study showed that 33% of schools under study in El-Obied have unsafe primary water source. The quantity of water was not adequate in all schools under study, and there is no any hand washing facilities in all schools surveyed so the student did not practice handwashing in their schools. The present study showed that a toilets was not available in about three (25%) of schools under study. The study showed that all toilets of schools are dirty, improper design and contains insects of medical important such as flies, and cockroachs. Conclusion: the study conclude that; most of water samples were contaminated, the storage of water in schools was inappropriate and the latrines were dirty insufficient and there is no handwashing facilities in all school under study.
“DETERMINANTS OF CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO” A PERSPECTIVE FROM PAKISTANI BANKING SECTOR

The survival of Banks is vested with the maintenance of sufficient capital and it serves as buffer in the event of liquidity crunch. This study analysed the bank specific factors which had an impact on the determination of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). The impact of ROA(Return on Assets), ROE (Return on Equity), LAT (Loan to Asset ratio), LLR (Loan Loss Reserves), NPL (Non-Performing Loans), DAR (Deposit Asset Ratio), EAR (Equity Asset Ratio) and Ownership concentration with a level of more than 10%, 25% and 50% was analysed by using Fixed Effect Method and the validity was tested by Hausman test. The results proved that Random Effect Model is better suited in this case. The data of 14 Pakistani Commercial Banks which were included in the KSE (Karachi Stock Exchange) 100 Index was gathered for the period 20082014. The results revealed that the LAT and ownership concentration of more 50% had a significant but a negative impact on the CAR. The EAR, DAR, LLR had a significant and positive impact the determination of CAR, whereas the Size of the Bank, ROA, ROE and NPL had no impact on CAR.
Genetic control of testicular germ cell tumor susceptibility in mice.

8 1 CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE . 10 1.1 TESTICULAR CANCER IN HUMANS . 11 1.1.1 Effect of age on testicular cancer risk . 11 1.1.2 Histopathological subtypes are associated with particular age groups . 14 1.1.3 Accelerating rates of TGCT diagnoses throughout the First World . 15 1.1. 4 Risk factors for TGCTs . 16 1.1. 5 Genetic contributors to TGCTs in humans . 17 1.1. 6 Genetics of cancer . 19 1.2 TESTICULAR CANCER IN MICE . 19 1.2.1 TGCTs in strain 129 mice . 20 1.2.2 PGC migration and colonization of the genital ridges . 21 1.2.3 The Y chromosome and its role in sex determination. 22 1.2. 4 Biology of TGCT tumorigenesis . 23 1.2. 5 Defects in key developmental pathways may promote TGCTs . 24 1.2. 6 TGCT susceptibility genes and modifier genes . 26 1.2. 7 Mapping TGCT loci . 29 1.3 RESEARCH AIMS . 38 2 CHAPTER 2: TGCT SURVEY IN A RECIPROCAL B6.129 CSS PANEL AND A PARTIAL 129‐ CHR CSS PANEL . 39 2.1 ABSTRACT . 40 2.2 INTRODUCTION . 40 2.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 43
Application of Electric Arc Furnace Oxidizing Slag for Environmental Load Reduction †

It is not an over statement to say that climate change is an issue that the world is most concerned with today. Global warming, one of the most noticeable manifestations, is found to have been mainly caused by an increase in carbon dioxide emissions resulting from rapid industrial developments. Since the 1997 signing of the Kyoto Protocol, many countries around the world have exerted their efforts to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and protect the environment. In the field of construction, many studies have focused on curbing carbon dioxide emissions across all stages from material production to waste processing. Concrete, the most widespread material in construction field, is comprised of cement, which has to be heated to at least 1,450 oC. As such, approximately 900 kg of carbon dioxide is released for each ton of cement products. Common methods that allow less use of cement include (1) using mineral admixtures as a substitute and (2) reducing the unit weight of cement in the mix design. Some examples of mineral admixtures, used in place of cement, are granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash. In particular, blast furnace slag offers the advantage of being able to replace large amounts of cement due to its latent hydraulicity. Slag, an industrial by-product of steel and iron smelting operations, must be recycled because it has increased proportionately with the development of the steel industry. Application of Electric Arc Furnace Oxidizing Slag for Environmental Load Reduction†
Novel Echocardiographic Risk Factors for Unfavorable Outcomes in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy- A Systematic Review

Risk stratification in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remains a challenge. Echocardiography is the cornerstone of diagnosis and part of the current algorithm for assessing the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). However, the algorithm does not utilize recent advances in echocardiography. The aim of this review was to summarize novel echocardiographic predictors with regard to unfavorable outcomes, focusing mainly on SCD. PubMed searches were performed by using the search string “hypertrophic cardiomyopathy” and “echocardiography. ” The records were independently screened for exclusion and inclusion criteria according to PRISMA guidelines; 841 articles were initially retrieved, of which 29 articles were finally included. Two studies on longitudinal strain (LS) and two studies on diastolic dysfunction assessed by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) found a correlation with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). LS and mechanical dispersion were found to be independent predictors of unfavorable outcome according to a total of 15 studies. Four studies showed that an increased E/é ratio was a significant predictor of cardiovascular death in patients with HCM. Right ventricular dysfunction was an independent predictor of death or heart transplantation according to two studies. Microvascular dysfunction and ischemia were detected by impaired coronary flow according to three studies and multivariate analysis in one of these studies predicted abnormal coronary flow reserve to be an independent predictor of poor outcome. Myocardial dysfunction assessed with speckle tracking strain analysis or with TDI as well as impaired coronary flow seem to be promising novel echocardiographic risk markers .
BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS IN BAY SCALLOPS (PLACOPECTEN MAGELLANICUS) EXPOSED TO CRUDE OIL

ABSTACT This study was conducted to examine the biochemical alterations in the muscle and digestive system of the bay scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) exposed to 0.00, 2.50, 5.00 and 10.00 mL/L crude oil concentrations. The scallops were taken out of the toxicant media at intervals of 3, 6 and 24 hours for analysis. The parameters monitored were total protein (TP), total cholesterol (CHOL), creatinine (CREAT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the muscle and digestive systems of the organisms. The results showed that the metabolites (TP, CHOL and CREAT) fluctuated in the exposed concentrations and at the different times of examination. The trends of variation in both tissues of the animal were irregular and CHOL the lowest of the parameters recorded. However, the enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) showed a general increase in activity in the various exposure concentrations, though such increase was not concentration and time dependent. The most notable increase in activity was observed in ALP in the digestive system at the 6 hours interval in 2.50 mL/L concentration which was 155.34 ± 3.58 IU/L. The results indicated that exposure of scallops to crude oil contamination or pollution caused some biochemical alterations that were tissue specific.
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor: From Neurobiology to Sexual RiskPrevention

Objective: The authors’ draw on neurobiological theory to posit that sexual risks might be associated with neurological changes, specifically, those neuro-adaptive changes associated with addictions. We propose that low levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a signaling molecule involved in cognitive, emotional, and addiction behaviors, may play a key role in the expression of high-risk sexual behaviors. Methods: In a prospective cohort of 400 people living with HIV (PLWH), information was collected regarding smoking (Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence), hazardous alcohol use (men >14 and women >7 drinks/week), sexual behaviors. To assess the role of BDNF, platelet poor plasma was obtained to measure BDNF levels and participants were dichotomized into Groups 1 (BDNF ≤ 5000 pg/mL) and 2 (BDNF >5000 pg/mL). Results: Over two-thirds of the participants reported multiple risk behaviors, confirming our hypothesis that Group 1 would have a general risk-taking tendency. Individuals in Group 1 were more likely to smoke (p=0.0001) and to drink alcohol hazardously (HAU) more days per week (p=0.04), particularly hard liquor (p=0.001). In support of our hypothesis, Group 1 was also more likely to report sex under the influence of drugs/alcohol (p=0.003) and to exchange sex for money (p=0.03). Men from Group 1 had multiple partners (p=0.09), and engaged in unprotected anal sex (p=0.08) more than those in Group 2. The results from regressions showed that BDNF (p=0.05), use of antidepressants (p=0.003), hazardous alcohol use (p=0.0001) and the BDNF x gender interaction (p=0.022) were significant predictors of high-risk sexual behaviors. Further supporting our postulate, participants with low BDNF showed triple the risk of herpes (p=0.05). Conclusion: This innovative approach demonstrated for the first time that substance abuse disorders (especially alcohol abuse), high-risk sexual behaviors, and sexually transmitted diseases occur more frequently in individuals with low BDNF levels. These findings suggest the importance of using BDNF modifiers in preventive interventions concerning people living with HIV. Given the limitations of the design, new studies among the general population are needed to confirm the generalizability of the findings.
SYNTHETIC ENERGY DRINK (BURN) EFFECTS ON MALE MATING ABILITY AND PROGENY PRODUCTION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Nutrient contents found in the diet have a significant influence on health benefits of an organism. Nowadays a number of synthetic energy drinks are in use; however the quality and quantity of nutrients found in these synthetic energy drinks are different. Present study has been undertaken in Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster) to evaluate the effect of synthetic energy (Burn) on male mating ability and progeny production. It was noticed that larvae of D. melanogaster has shown increased rate of feeding in natural energy drinks compared to wheat cream agar medium and synthetic energy drinks. Males fed with natural energy drinks had inseminated significantly greater number of females in a given unit time and produced significantly greater number of progeny than those males fed with synthetic energy drinks. Thus this study suggests that synthetic energy drinks reduces male fitness in D. melanogaster.
Clinical Analysis of Anastomotic Leakage After Laparoscopic Low Anterior Resection for Rectal Carcinoma

Objectives: To evaluate the safety of anastomotic leakage in laparoscopic low anterior resection, and the measures for prevention and treatment of leakage in laparoscopic procedure. Method: A total of 415 patients with rectal carcinoma who accepted laparoscopic low anterior resection in our hospital were collected in this study. Results: In 415 cases (90 in early period, 325 in late period), conversion to an open approach was required in 1 case (0.24%). Some protective measures were taken in our study, such as protective stoma, Silica gel pelvic drainage, anal drainage, and et al. The overall anastomotic leakage rate was 5.3% (22/415), no significant difference was found between the early and late period, being 5.6% (5/90) and 5.2% (17/325) respectively (P = 0.885). In early period 4/5 cases with leakage underwent re-operations for ileostomy or colostomy, while 15/17 cases with leakage in late period were cured under conservative treatments. All the 6 cases underwent laparoscopic re-operation (4 cases had ileostomy or colostomy), and there was no conversion to open procedure among them. Conclusions: Laparoscopic re-operation is feasible and effective for anastomotic leakages which need surgical intervention, and the protective measures play an active role in reducing the re-operative rate.
Behaviour of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Concrete in Marine Environment under Chloride Attack

In conventional concrete, one of the ingredients Cement is partially replaced by Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and its nature is studied in this project. In the present paper, a comparison of Chloride ion penetration is been done on Concrete specimens with partial GGBS replacement. Two tests have been performed on the concrete specimens in both normal environment and artificial marine environment. One is the conventional RCPT and the other one is the chloride ion penetration test using silver nitrate. Comparison of both the tests under normal and marine environment is the main aim of this paper. After compiling the data both RCPT and the Chloride ion penetration test goes hand in hand and this proves the compatibility of the new chloride ion penetration test using silver nitrate. This work has the comparison of the concrete specimens in normal and marine environments as well with different levels of GGBS replacement.
Clinical Effectiveness of Chest Tubes in Retained Blood and Post- Pericardiotomy Syndromes to Control Clogging and Associated Complications in Cardiac Surgery: A Meta-Analysis

Retained blood syndrome and post-pericardiotomy syndrome are postoperative complications associated with cardiac surgery period as well as patient management outcome when chest tubes are used for pericardial and pleural drainage of the accumulated blood. This meta-analysis focuses on the effectiveness of chest tubes in post-pericardiotomy syndrome and retained blood syndrome. The evaluations used a comparative approach to analyze four key studies identified from medical research databases. Our analysis concluded that chest tubes usage for evacuating blood accumulated subsequent to surgery should be with extreme care by trained medical professionals with appropriate follow-up. A careful strategy will assist in an adequate clearance of unwanted fluid and air to reduce the occurrence of inflammation and clogging.
Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Protects Partly against Demyelination by Modulating the Inflammatory Response: An In Vitro Study in Aggregating Brain Cell Cultures

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive compound of cannabis. Cannabinoids have been proposed as therapeutic drugs in multiple sclerosis (MS) for both the control of spasticity and the modulation of brain inflammation [1-7]. THC interacts mainly with two receptors, cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) [8-11] CB2 was first identified in immune cells [12]. In brain, the expression of CB2 by microglial cells [13] is upregulated when they are activated [14]. Recent studies show that glial cells also express cannabinoids-like receptors, which seems to be involved in the regulation of immune functions (for review, [15]). The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) can be activated by cannabinoids [16] and may mediate some of their antiinflammatory effects (for review, [17]). Ajulemic acid, an analog of a metabolite of THC binds to PPAR-γ [18], and endocannabonoids were shown to be natural activators of PPARα and PPAR-γ [16].
INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY SIMILARITY MEASURE BASED ON TANGENT FUNCTION AND ITS APPLICATION TO MULTI-ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING

In this paper, the tangent similarity measure of intuitionistic fuzzy sets is proposed and some of its properties are studied. The concept of the tangent similarity measure of intuitionistic fuzzy sets is a decision making tool which is characterized by the degree of membership function, degree of non-membership function and degree of hesitancy (sum of this three components is equal to one). Finally, using this proposed approach, an application on medical diagnosis is provided to show the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach