Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of surfactant molecular weight on morphology and properties of functionalized graphite oxide filled polypropylene nanocomposites

Various surfactants of different molecular weights, including alkylamine, poly(oxypropylene) diamine (POP), and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PPgMA) oligomers, were used for simultaneous funtionalization and reduc- tion of graphite oxide (fGO). In this study, the effect of molecular weight and compatibility of the surfactants on the mor- phology and properties of the nanocomposites are reported. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) exhibited a definite interlayer thickness for GOA (alkylamine intercalated GO), however, the diffraction peaks were nearly suppressed for fGOs combining ODA with either POP (GOAP) or PPgMA (GOAE). The uniform dispersion of the fGO flakes in the polypropy- lene matrix resulted in the significant increase in both the degradation temperature and the crystallization temperature. A single characteristic melting peak of monoclinic (! ) crystalline phase was observed from DSC traces, which was consistent with WAXD results. Dynamic mechanical analysis clearly indicated increase in both the storage modulus and the glass tran- sition temperature of the nanocomposites due to the enhanced affinity between fGO and the polypropylene matrix. How- ever, GOAP composite showed lower E" and Tg than GOAE because POP is less compatible with the matrix than PPgMA oligomer. Dielectric analysis also showed significant increase in both dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss at low fre- quency regimes with GOAE showing maximum dielectric properties. The finely dispersed GOAE and its compatibility with polymer matrix manifested the interfacial polarization, which gave rise to much greater #" and #$ than other nanocom- posites.
Generation of Nano Size Particles from Limonene/Ozone Reactions for Controlled Human Exposures in a Chamber

An aim of this study has been to develop a method to generate a stable, reproducable terpene/ozone aerosol and deliver it to the exposure chamber while the aerosol still is fresh. An additional aim has been to study the detailed and complex reaction chemistry. The aerosol generated in this study is utilized for exposure of healthy human test subjects in a controlled chamber setting, during and after which various medical responses are being investigated. Limonene is a common terpene constituent in many consumer products used in indoor settings. On reaction with ambient ozone the oxidation species rapidly form condensed-phase products, which significantly elevate the indoor levels of ultra fine aerosol particles. The size range and the complex chemical composition of the various reaction products and intermediaries suggest that they are likely to cause adverse effects human health. (Rohr et al 2003). Terpene vapor is generated continuously by passing pure nitrogen (2 lpm) through a glass bottle containing 6.7 ml of commercial essential oil (lemon oil, oleum citri, Interlam ab), consisting of 60-95 % d-limonene. The VOC level is monitored with a photoinization detector (Photovac 2020) at the outlet of the glass bottle. Ozone is generated by a spark discharge generator using filtered dry air, and is added to the ventilation air flow just downstream the inlet for terpene vapours. The ventilation air passes HEPA and active carbon filter before vapor flow and ozone are added, just prior to entering the 21.6 m 3 stainless steel exposure chamber. The behaviour of pure limonene in the
Crystallographic, optical and dielectric properties of triclinic α-methyl alaninium dihydrogen monophosphate and α-methyl alaninium dihydrogen monoarsenate

Single crystals of α-methyl alaninium dihydrogen monophosphate (a-MADP) and α-methyl alaninium dihydrogen monoarsenate (α-MADA) were grown from aqueous solutions by a controlled isothermal evaporation method at 315 K. The chemical compositions of both compounds resulted from an automatic elementary analysis. They are consistent with the empirical formula (CH3)2C(NH2)COOH · H 3 P 0 4 (a-MADP) and (CH3)2C(NH2)COOH · H 3 As0 4 (α-MADA). At room temperature the crystals belong to the triclinic space group P\ with cell parameters: a = 10.086 Â, ¿> = 7.641 A, c = 5.871 Â, α = 97.7°, β = 108.0°, 7 = 81.0° (α-MADP) and α = 10.164 À, ¿> = 7.830 Â, c = 5.935 Â, α = 97.2°, 0=107.7°, y = 81.9° (αMADA). The magnitudes and the directions of the 3 principal refractive indices were measured at 589 nm and 295 K. Caloric measurements revealed phase transitions at 215 Κ (α-MADP) and 178 Κ (α-MADA), which could be detected also by dielectric methods. The principal values of the dielectric constant of α-MADP and α-MADA were determined for different temperatures below and above the phase transition. Dielectric hysteresis measurements with fields up to 20 kV/cm gave no indication of a ferroelectric, antiferroelectric or nonlinear behaviour.
Maximized gust loads for a nonlinear airplane using matched filter theory and constrained optimization

This paper describes and illustrates two matched-filter-theory based schemes for obtaining maximized and time-correlated gust-loads for a nonlinear airplane. The first scheme is computationally fast because it uses a simple one-dimensional search procedure to obtain its answers. The second scheme is computationally slow because it uses a more complex multidimensional search procedure to obtain its answers, but it consistently provides slightly higher maximum loads than the first scheme. Both schemes are illustrated with numerical examples involving a nonlinear control system.
Effect of poultry manure on the growth and yield of leaf mustard (Brassica juncea) and lettuce (Latuca sativa) grown on bris soil

Two leafy vegetables i.e. leaf mustard (Brassica juncea) and lettuce (Latuca sativa), were grown on a coastal sandy soil (bris) with increasing rates of poultry manure (PM), with and without inorganic fertiliser (IF). The rates of PM applied were 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 t/ha and IF (N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O = 12:12:17:2) was applied at the rate of 1 t/ha, giving altogether 10 treatments. For both vegetables, 10 t/ha PM gave higher yields than IF alone. Yields obtained with PM as the sole source of nutrients ranged from 62 – 96% of the yields with PM + IF for leaf mustard and 88 – 113% for lettuce. Yield responses to increasing rates of organic fertiliser for leaf mustard showed a quadratic trend represented by the equation Y = –0.0181x 2 + 1.0534x + 2.5537. The optimum rate of poultry manure was 29.1 t/ha and the yield obtained was 17.9 t/ha. For lettuce, the yield response is represented by the equation Y = –0.0067x 2 + 0.6239x + 6.6947. The optimum rate of poultry manure was 46.6 t/ha and the yield obtained was 21.2 t/ha.
Controllable preparation and antibacterial activity of copper nanoparticles

The copper nanoparticles were prepared through aqueous chemical reduction method with copper chloride as the copper source,hydrazine as the reductant,cetyl trimithyl ammonium bromide as the stabilizer,ammonia water as the complexant.The results indicate that with the concentration of hydrazine decresed,the particle size of the obtained copper nanoparticles increased.The MIC values of the samples are measured to be 750-3000mg/L by broth dilution method.The studies also showed that the smaller the size of the copper particle is,the higher the antibacterial activity display.Copper ions through hydrolysis or ionization may be responsible for antibacterial properties.
Hemodilution in high‐risk cardiac surgery: Laboratory values, physiological parameters, and outcomes

Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) is a blood conservation strategy in cardiac surgery, predominantly used in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and/or valve procedures. Although higher complexity cardiac procedures may benefit from ANH, concerns for hemodynamic instability, and organ injury during hemodilution hinder its wider acceptance. Laboratory and physiological parameters during hemodilution in complex cardiac surgeries have not been described.
The Relative Activation Energy of Food Materials: Important Parameters to Describe Drying Kinetics

An effective drying model should be accurate and require a small number of experiments to generate the parameters. The relative activation energy of various food materials, important drying kinetic properties used in the reaction engineering approach, is evaluated and summarized. The reaction engineering approach is then implemented to model the global and local drying rates of food materials. By using the relative activation energy, the reaction engineering approach describes the (R2 higher than 0.99) global drying rate of food materials well. The reaction engineering approach can be coupled with a set of equations of conservation of heat and mass transfer to model the local drying rate of food materials. The relative activation energy is indeed proven to be accurate to model the local drying rate. While the predictions are accurate, the reaction engineering approach is very effective in generating the drying parameters since the relative activation energy can be generated from one accurate drying run. Different drying conditions of the same material with similar initial moisture content would result in the similar relative activation energies. The drying kinetics parameters generated here are readily used for design of new equipment, evaluating the performance of existing dryers, and monitoring the product quality.
Effects of glycerol on the minimization of water readsorption on sub-bituminous coal

ABSTRACT The presence of water in coal presents a technological challenge for its industrial use in energetic processes. Water tends to negatively affect the coal quality and its net heating value (NHV), in addition to affecting its transportation costs. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of glycerol and temperature on water adsorption onto systematically modified coals. A Colombian bituminous coal sample was used as support for being modified with glycerol. The virgin coal and modified coal were characterized by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K (SBET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis (C–H–N elemental), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that the water uptake decreased as the amount of glycerol on the coal surface increased. The optimum concentration of 8 wt% of glycerol impregnated on the coal minimized water adsorption. Over a range of water activity evaluations, this amount of glycerol (C8) reduced water adsorption by approximately 60% compared with nonimpregnated coal (C0). As expected, water uptake decreased with increasing temperature. These results are reflected in the NHV with an increase of 17% for the C8 sample compared with the other samples evaluated. The Talu and Meunier model was used to fit the experimental adsorption isotherms, and the mean square root error (MSRE%) was lower than 10%. The isosteric heat of sorption (IHS) for coal tends to decrease as the amount of adsorbed water increases. In addition, the value of IHS decreases as the concentration of glycerol increases due to the blocking of polar adsorption sites present on the coal surface, which are the main regions of low uptake of adsorbed water. Additionally, the Gibbs free energy was found to have negative values, which corroborates the spontaneous adsorption process.
BCR-ABL Gene Rearrangement and Expression of Primitive Hematopoietic Progenitors in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by an initial chronic phase of expanded yet orderly clonal hematopoiesis that is distinguished by the BCR-ABL gene rearrangement. We found that although the mature myeloid compartment in patients with CML was expanded and entirely derived from the dominant leukemic clone, the primitive hematopoietic progenitor compartment did not show a corresponding expansion and was substantially enriched for cells without the BCR-ABL gene rearrangement. More importantly, primitive progenitors exhibiting the BCR-ABL gene rearrangement did not express either the BCR-ABL hybrid mRNA or fusion protein (P210). Expression of P210 protein and BCR-ABL mRNA increased with myeloid commitment in vivo as well as with growth factor-induced proliferation and differentiation of the primitive CML progenitors in vitro. This differential expression of BCR- ABL between primitive and mature CML progenitors may explain the expansion of the leukemic clone at the level of mature myeloid progenitors and granulocytes without a concomitant expansion of primitive CML progenitors. Because BCR-ABL mRNA is minimally expressed or may be absent in primitive CML progenitors, these cells may escape detection by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and eradication by antisense oligonucleotides targeted against BCR-ABL mRNA.
Numerical modeling of crystal shapes in thin sections: Estimation of crystal habit and true size

Although the size and shape of crystals in thin sections have been measured in a number of studies, it has not been possible so far to calculate from these data the true, three-dimensional shape and size of the crystals. A numerical model, based on orthogonal solids, has been developed to attack this problem. This model shows that crystal habit can be calculated from width to length ratio distributions for most crystals in massive rocks and for all crystals in laminated or lineated rocks. Variations in the habit of minerals can reveal aspects of the physicochemical conditions of crystallization. The same model has also been used to develop the equations necessary to transform two-dimensional crystal size istributions into true crystal size distributions. Corrections for the cut effect and the intersection probability effect both require a knowledge of the crystal habit.
Toward Streaming ASR with Non-Autoregressive Insertion-Based Model

Neural end-to-end (E2E) models have become a promising technique to realize practical automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. When realizing such a system, one important issue is the segmentation of audio to deal with streaming input or long recording. After audio segmentation, the ASR model with a small real-time factor (RTF) is preferable because the latency of the system can be faster. Recently, E2E ASR based on non-autoregressive models becomes a promising approach since it can decode an N -length token sequence with less than N iterations. We propose a system to concatenate audio segmentation and non-autoregressive ASR to realize high accuracy and low RTF ASR. As a non-autoregressive ASR, the insertion-based model is used. In addition, instead of concate-nating separated models for segmentation and ASR, we intro-duce a new architecture that realizes audio segmentation and non-autoregressive ASR by a single neural network. Experimental results on Japanese and English dataset show that the method achieved a reasonable trade-off between accuracy and RTF compared with baseline autoregressive Transformer and connectionist temporal classiﬁcation.
Statistical Models for Repeated Categorical Ratings: The R Package rater

A common problem in many disciplines is the need to assign a set of items into categories or classes with known labels. This is often done by one or more expert raters, or sometimes by an automated process. If these assignments or `ratings' are difficult to make accurately, a common tactic is to repeat them by different raters, or even by the same rater multiple times on different occasions. We present an R package `rater`, available on CRAN, that implements Bayesian versions of several statistical models for analysis of repeated categorical rating data. Inference is possible for the true underlying (latent) class of each item, as well as the accuracy of each rater. The models are extensions of, and include, the Dawid-Skene model, and we implemented them using the Stan probabilistic programming language. We illustrate the use of `rater` through a few examples. We also discuss in detail the techniques of marginalisation and conditioning, which are necessary for these models but also apply more generally to other models implemented in Stan.
Learning Efficient GANs for Image Translation via Differentiable Masks and Co-Attention Distillation

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have been widely-used in image translation, but their high computation and storage costs impede the deployment on mobile devices. Prevalent methods for CNN compression cannot be directly applied to GANs due to the peculiarties of GAN tasks and the unstable adversarial training. To solve these, in this paper, we introduce a novel GAN compression method, termed DMAD, by proposing a Differentiable Mask and a co-attention Distillation. The former searches for a light-weight generator architecture in a training-adaptive manner. To overcome channel inconsistency when pruning the residual connections, an adaptive cross-block group sparsity is further incorporated. The latter simultaneously distills informative attention maps from both the generator and discriminator of a pre-trained model to the searched generator, effectively stabilizing the adversarial training of our light-weight model. Experiments show that DMAD can reduce the Multiply Accumulate Operations (MACs) of CycleGAN by 13× and that of Pix2Pix by 4× while retaining a comparable performance against the full model.
Accelerating Bayesian Structure Learning in Sparse Gaussian Graphical Models

Abstract Bayesian structure learning in Gaussian graphical models is often done by search algorithms over the graph space.The conjugate prior for the precision matrix satisfying graphical constraints is the well-known G-Wishart.With this prior, the transition probabilities in the search algorithms necessitate evaluating the ratios of the prior normalizing constants of G-Wishart.In moderate to high-dimensions, this ratio is often approximated by using sampling-based methods as computationally expensive updates in the search algorithm.Calculating this ratio so far has been a major computational bottleneck.We overcome this issue by representing a search algorithm in which the ratio of normalizing constants is carried out by an explicit closed-form approximation.Using this approximation within our search algorithm yields significant improvement in the scalability of structure learning without sacrificing structure learning accuracy.We study the conditions under which the approximation is valid.We also evaluate the efficacy of our method with simulation studies.We show that the new search algorithm with our approximation outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both computational efficiency and accuracy.The implementation of our work is available in the R package BDgraph.
A strongly aperiodic shift of finite type on the discrete Heisenberg group using Robinson tilings

We explicitly construct a strongly aperiodic subshift of finite type for the discrete Heisenberg group. Our example builds on the classical aperiodic tilings of the plane due to Raphael Robinson. Extending those tilings to the Heisenberg group by exploiting the group's structure and posing additional local rules to prune out remaining periodic behavior we maintain a rich projective subdynamics on $\mathbb Z^2$ cosets. In addition the obtained subshift factors onto a strongly aperiodic, minimal sofic shift via a map that is invertible on a dense set of configurations.
Identification and Quantification of Aromatic Hydrocarbons Adsorbed on Soot from Premixed Flames of Kerosene, Synthetic Kerosene, and Kerosene–Synthetic Biofuels

In the current study, the chemical characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) adsorbed on soot from premixed flames of synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK), conventional kerosene (Jet A-1), and Jet A-1/synthetic biofuel blends was carried out. Jet A-1 and SPK liquid fuels were analyzed with NMR to provide supporting information on their chemical composition. The analytical procedure used to characterize PAHs fraction in soot samples includes the following: (i) filtration of the soot samples diluted into n-hexane through PTFE filters, (ii) automated solid-phase extraction (A-SPE) for fractioning and cleaning-up the soot extracts, and (iii) chromatographic analysis of every fraction by reverse high-performance liquid chromatography (RPLC) with photodiode array (PDA) detection. Application of the aforementioned methodology allowed the identification of 78 compounds including indene, toluene, and 76 PAHs. Moreover, the relative abundance of five-membered-ring PAHs and alkyl PAHs was evaluated,.
Standardless, minimally destructive chemical analysis of red beryls by means of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a valuable technique for performing qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses of all elements in one shot, including light elements (like Li and Be). This technique does not require any sample preparation and reveals all atomic species, even when present in small amounts. In this study we use a new LIBS prototype coupled with a petrographic microscope to obtain a spot size of approximately 10 μm on selected and homogeneous areas with minimal damage to the mineral. Qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses were performed on six samples of a rare red variety of beryl, using a standardless method (Calibration Free-LIBS) for quantitative data. Preliminary analyses by Raman spectroscopy and VIS-NIR reflectance spectroscopy showed that two of the six samples were pezzottaite. The LIBS spectra confirm the Raman and VIS-NIR data, demonstrating that this technique can distinguish red beryl from pezzottaite, mainly by observing the differences in Cs and Li emission lines. The standardless quantitative analysis proves to be suitable for the quantification of major and minor elements in beryl, as shown by comparison with literature data. In particular, the quantification of Mn confirmed a direct correlation between the concentration of this chromophore element and the red colour saturation of the samples.
Absolute surface energies of polar and non-polar planes in GaN

Growth of high quality single crystals and epitaxial layers of GaN is critical for producing optoelectronic and power electronic devices that reach the full potential of this material system. One of the fundamental material properties that govern growth of single crystals is the absolute surface energy of the crystallographic planes. Knowledge of these energies is required to understand and optimize growth rates of different facets in GaN, which determine bulk and selective area growth morphologies. In addition, surface energies provide brittle fracture toughnesses of the crystal, which determine the propensity for cracks to form in different crystallographic directions. By means of hybrid functional calculations, we have determined absolute surface energies for the non-polar {11-20} a and {10-10} m and polar (0001) +c and (000-1) -c planes in wurtzite GaN. Since polar surface energies are ill defined due to the low symmetry in the c direction of the wurtzite structure, we approximate their values using the zinc-blende phase. For all surfaces, we consider low-energy bare and hydrogenated reconstructions under a variety of conditions relevant to experimental growth techniques. We find that the energies of the m and a planes are similar, and constant over the range of conditions studied. In contrast, the energies of the polar planes are strongly condition dependent. Even so, we find that the +c polar plane is systematically lower in energy than the -c plane.