Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optical-microphysical cirrus model

[1] A model is presented that permits the simulation of the optical properties of cirrus clouds as measured with depolarization Raman lidars. It comprises a one-dimensional cirrus model with explicit microphysics and an optical module that transforms the microphysical model output to cloud and particle optical properties. The optical model takes into account scattering by randomly oriented or horizontally aligned planar and columnar monocrystals and polycrystals. Key cloud properties such as the fraction of plate-like particles and the number of basic crystals per polycrystal are parameterized in terms of the ambient temperature, the nucleation temperature, or the mass of the particles. The optical-microphysical model is used to simulate the lidar measurement of a synoptically forced cirrostratus in a first case study. It turns out that a cirrus cloud consisting of only monocrystals in random orientation is too simple a model scenario to explain the observations. However, good agreement between simulation and observation is reached when the formation of polycrystals or the horizontal alignment of monocrystals is permitted. Moreover, the model results show that plate fraction and morphological complexity are best parameterized in terms of particle mass, or ambient temperature which indicates that the ambient conditions affect cirrus optical properties more than those during particle formation. Furthermore, the modeled profiles of particle shape and size are in excellent agreement with in situ and laboratory studies, i.e., (partly oriented) polycrystalline particles with mainly planar basic crystals in the cloud bottom layer, and monocrystals above, with the fraction of columns increasing and the shape and size of the particles changing from large thin plates and long columns to small, more isometric crystals from cloud center to top. The findings of this case study corroborate the microphysical interpretation of cirrus measurements with lidar as suggested previously.
A reluctant additive model framework for interpretable nonlinear individualized treatment rules

Individualized treatment rules (ITRs) for treatment recommendation is an important topic for precision medicine as not all beneficial treatments work well for all individuals. Interpretability is a desirable property of ITRs, as it helps practitioners make sense of treatment decisions, yet there is a need for ITRs to be flexible to effectively model complex biomedical data for treatment decision making. Many ITR approaches either focus on linear ITRs, which may perform poorly when true optimal ITRs are nonlinear, or black-box nonlinear ITRs, which may be hard to interpret and can be overly complex. This dilemma indicates a tension between interpretability and accuracy of treatment decisions. Here we propose an additive model-based nonlinear ITR learning method that balances interpretability and flexibility of the ITR. Our approach aims to strike this balance by allowing both linear and nonlinear terms of the covariates in the final ITR. Our approach is parsimonious in that the nonlinear term is included in the final ITR only when it substantially improves the ITR performance. To prevent overfitting, we combine cross-fitting and a specialized information criterion for model selection. Through extensive simulations, we show that our methods are data-adaptive to the degree of nonlinearity and can favorably balance ITR interpretability and flexibility. We further demonstrate the robust performance of our methods with an application to a cancer drug sensitive study.
The Evolution of Sinus Tarsi Syndrome—What Is the Underlying Pathology?—A Critical Review

Background and Objectives: Sinus tarsi syndrome (STS) is defined as pain located at the lateral opening of the tarsal sinus. The exact etiology of sinus tarsi syndrome is not completely understood. Some do not believe it to be a true pathology. This review aims to clarify the definition of sinus tarsi syndrome to better understand the underlying pathologies. We further propose an algorithm to evaluate sinus tarsi pain and provide advice for consecutive treatment options. Design: This is a narrative review. By searching PubMed, the available current literature was reviewed. Articles were critically analyzed to determine the pathoanatomy, biomechanics, and etiology of sinus tarsi pain. Algorithms for clinical evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment were also recorded. Finally, the authors approach to evaluating and treating sinus tarsi pain was included in this review. Results: Reviewing the available literature, STS seems to be a catch-all phrase used to describe any pain in this anatomic region. Many causes of sinus tarsi pain were listed, including impingement, subtalar instability, and many other pathologies around the ankle. Conclusions: A thorough evaluation of patients presenting with pain in the sinus tarsi or instability of the hindfoot is essential to determining the underlying cause. When the cause of pain is still not clear after clinical exam and radiologic assessment, subtalar arthroscopy can be helpful as both a diagnostic and treatment tool. We propose that the term of STS should be avoided and that a more accurate diagnosis be used when possible. Once a diagnosis is made, appropriate treatment can be initiated.
Magmatic Differentiation at an Island-arc Caldera: Okmok Volcano, Aleutian Islands, Alaska

Okmok volcano is situated on oceanic crust in the central Aleutian arc and experienced large ( 15 km) caldera-forming eruptions at 12 000 years BP and 2050 years BP. Each caldera-forming eruption began with a small Plinian rhyodacite event followed by the emplacement of a dominantly andesitic ash-flow unit, whereas effusive interandpost-caldera lavashavebeenmorebasaltic.Phenocryst assemblages are composed ofolivineþ pyroxeneþ plagioclase Fe^Ti oxides and indicate crystallization at1000^11008Cat 0 1^0 2GPa in thepresence of 0^4% H2O.The erupted products follow a tholeiitic evolutionary trend and calculated liquid compositions range from 52 to 68 wt % SiO2 with 0 8^3 3 wt%K2O.Major and trace element models suggest that the more evolved magmas were produced by 50^60% in situ fractional crystallization around the margins of the shallow magma chamber. Oxygen and strontium isotope data ( O 4 4^4 9o, Sr/ Sr 0 7032^0 7034) indicate interaction with a hydrothermally altered crustal component, which led to elevated thorium isotope ratios in some caldera-forming magmas. This compromises the use of uranium^thorium disequilibria [(Th/U)1⁄4 0 849^0 964] to constrain the time scales of magma differentiation but instead suggests that the age of the hydrothermal system is 100 ka. Modelling of the diffusion ofstrontiuminplagioclase indicates thatmanyevolved crystal rims formed less than 200 years prior to eruption.This addition of rim material probably reflects the remobilization of crystals from the chamber margins following replenishment. Basaltic recharge led to the expansion of the magma chamber, which was responsible for the most recent caldera-forming event.
Extended Signaling Theory and Role of Corporate Social Responsibility and Brand Personality

This research has offered an extended signaling theory model, which has extended the body of corporate social responsibility (CSR) knowledge in the existing literature. This research examines the association between CSR and brand experience, corporate reputation, brand personality, brand loyalty & consumer trust. The mall intercept control group was used to carry out this research. For the data analyses, we employed an SEM-based multivariate approach and assisted the formulated hypotheses from respondents of smartphone users. The study's outcomes show that brand personality, corporate reputation, and brand experience positively influence consumer trust. The outcomes further demonstrated that corporate social responsibility significantly and positively impacts personality, brand loyalty, and customer trust. This research also examined the mediating effect of brand personality between corporate reputation and brand loyalty and between corporate reputation and consumer trust. Moreover, the mediation of brand personality between CSR and brand loyalty and between CSR and consumer trust. The outcomes demonstrate that brand personality mediates brand loyalty and corporate reputation loyalty relationship, consumer trust, and corporate reputation relationship. However, brand personality does not mediate CSR and brand loyalty and CSR and consumer trust relationships. This research has important managerial and theoretical implications for industry practitioners and scholars.
Targeted IFNγ induction by a genetically engineered Salmonella typhimurium is the key to the liver metastasis inhibition in a mouse model of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor

Background Liver metastasis is one of the primary causes of death for the patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). However, no curative therapy has been developed so far. Methods The anti-tumor efficacy of a genetically engineered tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium YB1 was evaluated on a non-functional INR1G9 liver metastasis model. Differential inflammatory factors were screened by Cytometric Bead Array. Antibody depletion assay and liver-targeted AAV2/8 expression vector were used for functional evaluation of the differential inflammatory factors. Results We demonstrated that YB1 showed significant anti-tumor efficacy as a monotherapy. Since YB1 cannot infect INR1G9 cells, its anti-tumor effect was possibly due to the modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment. Two inflammatory factors IFNγ and CCL2 were elevated in the liver after YB1 administration, but only IFNγ was found to be responsible for the anti-tumor effect. Liver-targeted expression of IFNγ caused the activation of macrophages and NK cells, and reproduced the therapeutic effect of YB1 on liver metastasis. Conclusion We demonstrated that YB1 may exhibit anti-tumor effect mainly based on IFNγ induction. Targeted IFNγ therapy can replace YB1 for treating liver metastasis of PNETs.
Quality and shelf life of strawberry fruit as affected by edible coating by moringa leaf extract, aloe vera gel, oxalic acid, and ascorbic acid

ABSTRACT In the current study, the most effective concentrations of moringa leaf extract (MLE), aloe vera gel (AV gel), ascorbic acid (1 mM) and oxalic acid (5 mM) were used. Physically mature fruits harvested from a commercial orchard were dipped in aqueous solutions of different edible coatings and kept at ambient conditions (25±2ºC & 55-60% RH) for evaluation of the quality and enzymatic parameters on daily basis till marketability. Current results revealed that 5 mM ascorbic acid treatment resulted in 57% reduced fruit weight loss; while 20% AV gel coating increased firmness by 60% over a 5-day ambient storage period. Application 6% MLE exhibited 50.7% and 49.7% reduced respiration rate and ethylene production respectively. Fruit biochemical quality parameters were also improved with the lowest accumulation of total soluble solids as a result of slow respiration, higher titratable acidity, ascorbic acid contents, carotenoids and anthocyanin contents in all treated fruit. While, total phenolic contents and total antioxidants along with superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and anthocyanins were higher in ascorbic acid treated fruits. The activity of poly phenol oxidase enzyme was lowest in fruits treated with 5 mM ascorbic acid solution. Conclusively, the application of different edible coatings was proved to be beneficial as numerous fruit biochemical and antioxidative attributes were improved by ascorbic acid treatment; furthermore, MLE, AV gel and oxalic acid treatments were also helpful in maintaining fruit quality of strawberry fruits over a 5-days ambient storage period.
Translocation of Aminopyralid from Straw Mulch to Plants in Perennial Strawberry Plantations: Case Study

Aminopyralid (AP)-contaminated straw mulch is frequently used in strawberry production to maintain moisture and reduce weed growth. AP may be translocated by rain and irrigation. Contamination of plant tissues with AP during the production cycle at a strawberry farm was measured by HPLC MS/MS using a newly validated extraction method. Samples were removed from a commercial plantation using straw mulch. The highest AP levels (1.2–1.3 ng.g−1) were found in strawberries; the levels in leaves and roots were two and four to ten times lower, respectively. The amounts detected in fruits were 10 times lower than the dietary tolerances given by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for wheat grain and cattle milk/meat. The effect of AP on flowering and fruiting was investigated in pot experiments closely mimicking farm conditions. The released AP negatively affected flowering and reduced the total fruit weight two times. The study showed a significant release of AP from mulch straw during commercial strawberry production and documented the risk of using herbicide-contaminated straw for mulching.
Taphonomy and Paleoecology of the Dinosaur Beds of the Jurassic Morrison Formation

The Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation has yielded one of the richest dinosaur faunas of the world. Morrison sediments are distributed over more than a million square kilometers in the western United States and represent a mosaic of riverine, lacustrine and floodplain environments developed on a vast alluvial plain nourished by debris from the ancestral Rocky Mountains. Plant productivity must have been reasonably high to support abundant large-bodied herbivores, but the absence of coals, scarcity of small aquatic vertebrates, the abundance of oxidized sediments, and presence of calcretes lead us to believe that water was periodically in short supply. A strongly seasonal climate may have necessitated annual large-scale movements of large herbivores, accounting in part for their remarkably broad and uniform geographic distribution. Dinosaur diversity is lower in the Morrison than in the Late Cretaceous, and taphonomic alteration is higher. Massed accumulations of thousands of bones are characteristic of the Morrison. Morrison dinosaurs were not confined to specific depositional environments but were distributed across the complete spectrum of available habitats, from lakes to dry floodplains; this type of distribution is similar to that of large terrestrial mammals such as elephants and rhinos and is different from that of hippos and crocodiles. Common Morrison taxa were Camarasaurus, Apatosaurus, Diplodocus, Allosaurus and Stegosaurus; these genera probably constituted a true dinosaur community. Stegosaurus may have been partially segregated from the other genera, and Camptosaurus more strongly so. Camarasaurus and Diplodocus were gregarious, with juveniles and subadults of the former particularly common; Apatosaurus was less abundant and more solitary in its habits. Juveniles and subadults are known for a number of dinosaurs.
Fructose intake and its association with relative telomere length: an exploratory study among healthy Lebanese adults

Introduction Shorter relative telomere length (RTL) has been associated with increased incidence of morbidity. Although still disputed, available evidence suggests that dietary factors, including sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) may be linked with shorter RTL. It was argued that the link between SSB and RTL may be explained by the sugar content of these beverages, and specifically fructose given its impact on oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. However, none of the existing studies have examined the specific link between fructose intake and RTL. This exploratory study aimed at (1) assessing the intake of dietary fructose (total, added and natural) in Lebanese healthy adults and (2) examining dietary fructose as a predictor of short telomere length. Methods Following a cross-sectional design (n = 282), anthropometric and biochemical data were collected. RTL was assessed by utilizing real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to amplify both telomere and single-copy gene segments. Dietary intake was evaluated using a culture-specific food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Intakes of added fructose, naturally-occurring fructose, and total fructose were estimated. Results Mean intakes of added and natural fructose were of 39.03 ± 34.12 and 12.28 ± 8.59 g/day, respectively, representing 4.80 ± 3.56 and 1.78 ± 1.41% of total energy intake (EI). Mean total fructose intake was of 51.31 ± 35.55 g/day, contributing 6.58 ± 3.71% EI. Higher intakes of total and added fructose were significantly associated with shorter RTL 2nd RTL tertile as compared to the 3rd RTL tertile; relative risk ratio (RRR) = 3.10 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.38, 6.94] and RRR = 2.33 (95% CI: 1.02, 5.36), respectively after adjustment for confounders identified using a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Conclusion In conclusion, although we could not observe a dose-dependent relation between fructose intakes and RTL shortening and although the study is limited by its small sample size, the findings suggest that total and added dietary fructose intakes may be associated with shorter RTL. Larger studies, of longitudinal nature, are needed to further confirm the study findings.
Riding the wave: Defining surf tourism

Surf tourism has grown to become a significant part of the tourism industry on a regional, national and global basis. However, no academically rigorous investigations into surf tourism exist that offer sufficient explanations concerning its significance, nor give adequate definitions that can be used to identify areas of further research. This paper addresses both of these issues by firstly presenting a literature review of the phenomena, then within the context of sports tourism, proposing a definition of surf tourism. Suggested areas of further research include exploring the psychographic characteristics of surf tourists and the impacts caused by surf tourists so that sustainable surf tourism product may be developed that will satisfy the local communities of surf destinations, the surf tourists, and the companies supplying surf tourism services.
Digital Talent on Employee Retention: the Role of Employee Engagement as Mediation

Objective: This study aims to determine and analyze the effect between the variables of Digital Talent on Employee retention, the effect of Employee Engangement on Employee Retention, the effect of Digital Talent on Employee Engangement and the effect of Digital Talent on Employee Retention mediated by Employee Engangement. Methods: The research was conducted using quantitative methods consisting of 3 variables, namely Digital Talent, Employee Retention and Employee Engangement. The population used is employees who work in the manufacturing sector in West Java province with a sample size of 170 respondents, the sampling technique used is probability sampling technique with random sampling method. Data collection is done through google form in filling out an online survey using a Likert scale of 1-5. Data analysis in this study used the help of the SmartPLS software program version 3.0. Results and Conclusion: The analysis explains that the higher the level of digital capabilities and skills possessed by employees, the more likely they are to stay with the company. Employees' engagement at work and their relationships with coworkers, management, and the company as a whole play an important role in linking digital talent with employee retention. Implications of the research: This research has broad implications, both in the practice of human resource management in companies and in social dynamics in the world of work. By understanding the relationship between Digital Talent, Employee Engagement, and Employee Retention, companies can improve employee retention, promote employee well-being, and foster the growth of a more digitized industry. Originality: This research brings novelty by focusing on digital talent in the manufacturing industry. This industry is traditionally known for its different work structures and varying levels of automation. In the face of the industrial revolution 4.0, manufacturing companies in West Java need to evaluate the impact of digital talent on their employee retention, having unique characteristics and challenges.
The Role of Environmental Awareness and Green Product Literacy on Green Purchase Behavior in Indonesia

Consumers consumption pattern is the focal point to reach sustainable development goals. Green purchase become one of actual action to mitigate negative impact of the environmental degradation. In order to protect the environment, consumers shifting into sustainable living era and forms a new market segment called green consumers. Recently, green purchase and green consumers become popular attribute to explore and investigate in consumer research. This study identified potential factors affecting green products purchase as consumer actual behavior. The main predictors environmental awareness and green product literacy, green product literacy also using for moderating effect. Research conducted with a survey and a purposive sampling method, using SEM PLS for data analyzed. The number of valid observations for the data analysis is 100. Based on direct hypothesis testing, it was found environmental awareness finding as a significant factor influencing green purchase behavior. Similarly, the direct effect of green product literacy was found to be as significant factor that influences green purchase behavior. Meanwhile, green product literacy has no moderating effect on the relation between environmental awareness to green purchase behavior. In this way, it will help policymakers and managers for formulating strategy to green consumers, especially in Indonesia.
Transformation of Creative Economy Based on Home Industry to Encourage Family Resilience and Increase Community Income

This research aims to explain the creative economic development based on home industry carried out by EcoNatural Society Foundation, explain its impact on community income, and supporting factors in creative economic development at EcoNatural Society Foundation. The method used is descriptive qualitative research, the way data is collected is through observation, interviews, and documentation of the object of research. The data analysis technique uses descriptive analysis. The results showed (1) the development of a home industry-based creative economy carried out by the EcoNatural Society Foundation through the formation of household business groups, (2) an increase in the income of people participating in household business groups, (3) internal and external factors that support the development carried out by the EcoNatural Society Foundation in Selayar Islands Regency.