Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of early skin- to- skin contact of mother and newborn on mother’s satisfaction

Abstract Background and aim The first minutes after birth are a very vulnerable period for both mother and newborn. The care that is provided during this time is critical to improve their longer-term health. Mother- infant Skin to skin contact immediately after birth creates an optimal environment for the adaptation of newborn infants to extra uterine life and should be a routine method in hospitals. The Purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of skin to skin contact between newborn and mother immediately after birth on mother’s satisfaction in Taleghani hospital in Arak on 2008–2009. Materials and methods A randomized controlled trial was designed to study the effect of early skin –to- skin contact between mother and newborn. 80 pairs of newborns and their mothers who delivered in Taleghani hospital Arak, Iran were included in the study. They were randomly assigned to two groups (skin to skin contact and routine care). In skin-to-skin contact group , immediately after birth naked newborns were placed in prone position on skin contact with their mothers and in routine care group newborns were placed in cot under warmer. A questionnaire was used to assess mothers’ satisfaction. In the end of breastfeeding mothers’ satisfaction were assessed. Data were collected by a questionnaire, which included questions about the mothers’ satisfaction with the care they received during labor and their tendency to skin to skin contact in future. The validity of questionnaire was determined by content validity method and reliability was obtained by internal consistency (consistency coefficient 0.90). Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Findings A larger proportion of mothers in skin to skin contact group were very satisfied (70%) and satisfied (20%) with their care, and a larger proportion of mothers in routine care group were very unsatisfied (35%) and unsatisfied (35%). There was a significant difference between two groups in terms of their tendency for skin-to-skin contact in future. Conclusion Skin-to-skin contact between mother and newborn results in mother’s satisfaction. Keywords: Mother infant skin to skin contact, mother satisfaction
The growth and reproductive performance of different breeds of rabbits kept under warm and humid environments in Ghana. Online J. Anim. Feed Res., 4(3): 51-59

The potential of rabbit production in solving the problem of inadequate animal protein supply cannot be overemphasized. A study was therefore conducted to assess the growth and reproductive performances on 488 bunnies and 87 does of Blue Vienna and 474 bunnies and 80 does of Chinchilla rabbits reared under hot and humid environment in Ghana. The reproductive performance of the two breeds, in terms of litter size at birth and weaning, litter weight at birth and weaning, kindling interval, age at first kindling and gestation length as influenced by season of kindling (rainy and dry), year of kindling (2005-2012) and parity (first to sixth and over) were determined. The overall least square means for litter size at birth, bunny weight at birth, litter size at weaning, bunny weight at weaning, gestation length, kindling interval, age at first kindling, preweaning growth rate and post-weaning growth rate of Blue Vienna were 5.6±0.1, 51.3±0.3 g, 4.4±0.1, 601.5±0.9 g, 30.0±0.1 days, 94.7±0.4 days, 159.7±0.4 days, 13.1±0.1 g/day and 15.4±0.1 g/day respectively. Those of Chinchilla were 5.9±0.1, 54.2±0.3 g, 4.8±0.1, 601.9±0.9 g, 30.1±0.1 days, 94.6±0.3 days, 159.8±0.2 days, 13.0±0.1 g/day and 15.3±0.2 g/day respectively. Year of kindling had significant (P<0.05) effect on litter size at weaning, litter weight at kindling, gestation length, age at first kindling, post weaning growth rate, body weight at 14 weeks and mortality in both breeds. Season of birth on the other hand had significant effect (P<0.05) on litter weight at birth, gestation length and mortality in both breeds. The number of times the doe has kindled (parity) significantly (P<0.05) influenced all the parameters apart from kindling interval, gestation length, age at first kindling and pre-weaning growth rate performance of both breeds. The growth performances of the breeds studied were indications of their potential of being developed in future into meat types.
Firm Technology Upgrading Through Emerging Work

We propose a new measure of firms’technology adoption, based on the types of employees they seek. We construct firm-year level measures of emerging and disappearing work using newspaper job ads posted between 1940 and 2000. Firms that post ads for emerging work tend to be younger, more R&D intensive, have faster growth, and are more likely to survive. We develop a model – consistent with these patterns – with incumbent job vintage upgrading and firm entry and exit. Our estimated model indicates that 55 percent of upgrading occurs through the entry margin, with incumbents accounting for the remaining 45 percent.
Livestock feeds and feeding system in Enset (Ensete ventricosum) dominated mixed farming system of southern Ethiopia. Online J. Anim. Feed Res., 4(6): 150-158

Dairy production is among the developing agricultural sector in the urban and peri-urban areas of Ethiopia. This paper reviews the status of the current urban and peri-urban dairy cattle production systems and indicates possible recommendations. Hence management practices which includes feeds and feeding, breeding, housing and cattle holding are assessed based on different findings. Besides milk production potential, change drivers of the sector and major challenges are reviewed. The major feeds available for cattle are hay, crop residue and agro-industrial byproducts with stall feeding being the dominant system. In all reviewed findings both natural mating and AI is used though the preference is mostly affected by accessibility. Cities with highest population and better market and input access hold higher number of cattle per house hold than with lower population and market access. The average daily milk yield is higher in and around Addis Ababa followed by other big regional cities. High rate of urbanization, population growth, change in life style together with better access to inputs are behind the expansion of the sector. But shortage and cost of feed, shortage of land and waste disposal are the major challenges. Therefore, there is a need to organize the current status of the sector and look for solutions to cope up with the growing need of milk and milk products around the cities.
Price Discrimination and Consumer Surplus in Multi-product Markets∗

Consumer surplus in a market is affected by how the market is segmented. We study the maximum consumer surplus across all possible segmentations of a given market served by a multi-product seller. We characterize markets for which the maximum consumer surplus equals a first best benchmark of maximum total surplus minus minimum profit for the seller. We show that the first best benchmark is always achievable if and only if the seller never finds it profitable to screen types by offering multiple products or product bundles. The same condition also characterizes when the entire “surplus triangle” of Bergemann et al. (2015) can be achieved. These results highlight a novel impact of screening in settings that combine second and third degree price discrimination. They also help clarify to what extent the result of Bergemann et al. (2015) that the entire surplus triangle is always achievable in single-product markets relies on there being a single product. ∗We thank Dirk Bergemann, Wouter Dessein, Harry Di Pei, Piotr Dworzcak, Wioletta Dziuda, Teddy Kim, Stephen Morris, Alessandro Pavan, Eduardo Perez Richet, Andy Skrzypacz, Asher Wolinsky, and Jidong Zhou for very helpful comments and suggestions. We thank seminar participants at Hebrew University, Johns Hopkins University, Northwestern University, the Pennsylvania Economic Theory Conference, Summer Microeconomics Seminars 2019 (Hong Kong), and the University of Toronto. †Department of Economics, Pennsylvania State University, haghpanah@psu.edu. ‡Department of Economics, Pennsylvania State University, ron.siegel@gmail.com.
Continual Learning of a Mixed Sequence of Similar and Dissimilar Tasks

Existing research on continual learning of a sequence of tasks focused on dealing with catastrophic forgetting, where the tasks are assumed to be dissimilar and have little shared knowledge. Some work has also been done to transfer previously learned knowledge to the new task when the tasks are similar and have shared knowledge. To the best of our knowledge, no technique has been proposed to learn a sequence of mixed similar and dissimilar tasks that can deal with forgetting and also transfer knowledge forward and backward. This paper proposes such a technique to learn both types of tasks in the same network. For dissimilar tasks, the algorithm focuses on dealing with forgetting, and for similar tasks, the algorithm focuses on selectively transferring the knowledge learned from some similar previous tasks to improve the new task learning. Additionally, the algorithm automatically detects whether a new task is similar to any previous tasks. Empirical evaluation using sequences of mixed tasks demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Motor unit number estimation in patients with diabetic sensory neuropathy

Objective To evaluate the function of motor nerve in patients with diabetic sensory neuropathy (DPN) by estimating the motor units.Methods Fifty-four patients with DPN were divided into two groups according to the nerve conduction abnormality of ulnar nerve.The paresthosia group only included patients of 33 patients (20 male, 13 female) with abnormal sensory conduction.The admixture group included 21 patients (13 male, 8 female) with abnormal motor sensory conduction.The control group included 42 healthy people.A Keypoint4 electromyogram device was used to estimate the motor units of hypothenar muscle, and the fasting blood glucose and the duration of diabetes mellitus were documented.Results The motor units of hypothenar muscle in paresthesia group, admixture group and control group was 97.1±47.6, 63.3±22.3, 173.0±75.5 (F=21.259, P=0.000) respectively.The hypothcnar muscle motor units(84.0±42.8) in 54 patients with DPN had negative correlation (r=-0.414, P=0.002) with the duration of diabetes mellitus (1 month to 26 years) and had no evident correlation with fasting blood glucose (5.0-20.4 mmol/L). Conclusion There is clinical motor nerve damage in patients with diabetic sensory neuropathy, and the loss of motor units is impacted by the duration of diabetes mellitus. Key words: Diabetic neuropathies; Paresthesia; Evoked protentials; Motor neurons; Electromyography
Big Push in Distorted Economies

Why don't poor countries adopt more productive technologies? Is there a role for policies that coordinate technology adoption? To answer these questions, we develop a quantitative model that features complementarity in firms' technology adoption decisions: The gains from adoption are larger when more firms adopt. When this complementarity is strong, multiple equilibria and hence coordination failures are possible. More important, even without equilibrium multiplicity, the model elements responsible for the complementarity can substantially amplify the effect of distortions and policies. In what we call the Big Push region, the impact of idiosyncratic distortions is over three times larger than in models without such complementarity. This amplification enables our model to nearly fully account for the income gap between India and the US without coordination failures playing a role.
Seasonal Modulations of the Active MJO Cycle Characterized by Nonlinear Principal Component Analysis

AbstractA novel methodology is presented for the identification of the mean cycle of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) along the equator. The methodology is based on a nonlinear principal component (NLPC) computed with a neural network model. The bandpass-filtered input data encompass 30 yr with zonal winds at 850 and 200 hPa plus outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). The NLPC is conditioned on a sufficiently strong MJO activity and is computed both for the pooled dataset and for the dataset stratified into seasons. The NLPC for all data depicts a circular mode formed by the first two linear principal components (LPCs) with marginal contributions by the higher-order LPCs. Hence, the mean MJO cycle throughout the year is effectively captured by the amplitude of the leading two LPCs varying in quadrature. The NLPC for individual seasons shows additional variability, which mainly arises from a subordinate oscillation of the second pair of LPCs superimposed on the annual MJO signal. In reference to the all-yea.
Structure and Expression Profile of the Phosphate Pht1 Transporter Gene Family in Mycorrhizal Populus trichocarpa

Gene networks involved in inorganic phosphate (Pi) acquisition and homeostasis in woody perennial species able to form mycorrhizal symbioses are poorly known. Here, we describe the features of the 12 genes coding for Pi transporters of the Pht1 family in poplar (Populus trichocarpa). Individual Pht1 transporters play distinct roles in acquiring and translocating Pi in different tissues of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal poplar during different growth conditions and developmental stages. Pi starvation triggered the up-regulation of most members of the Pht1 family, especially PtPT9 and PtPT11. PtPT9 and PtPT12 showed a striking up-regulation in ectomycorrhizas and endomycorrhizas, whereas PtPT1 and PtPT11 were strongly down-regulated. PtPT10 transcripts were highly abundant in arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) roots only. PtPT8 and PtPT10 are phylogenetically associated to the AM-inducible Pht1 subfamily I. The analysis of promoter sequences revealed conserved motifs similar to other AM-inducible orthologs in PtPT10 only. To gain more insight into gene regulatory mechanisms governing the AM symbiosis in woody plant species, the activation of the poplar PtPT10 promoter was investigated and detected in AM of potato (Solanum tuberosum) roots. These results indicated that the regulation of AM-inducible Pi transporter genes is conserved between perennial woody and herbaceous plant species. Moreover, poplar has developed an alternative Pi uptake pathway distinct from AM plants, allowing ectomycorrhizal poplar to recruit PtPT9 and PtPT12 to cope with limiting Pi concentrations in forest soils.
The role of children in the transmission of SARS-CoV2: updated rapid review

Background Understanding carriage and transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2 in children is of paramount importance to understand the spread of virus in school and community settings. Methods We performed an updated rapid review to investigate the role of children in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We synthesized evidence for five categories and results are reported narratively. Results A total of 33 new studies were included for this review. We did not identify additional studies that reported documented cases of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by children. We identified 15 new studies that demonstrate children’s susceptibility and transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 with evidence provided on the chance of being index or secondary cases, the potential of faecal-oral transmission, and the possibility of asymptomatic transmission. There is little data on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in schools. There were three studies reporting COVID-19 school outbreaks in France (Oise), Australia (New South Wales) and Israel. The remaining four studies found that all reported cases did not infect any other pupils or staff. With data from seven studies and governmental websites, the proportion of children among all confirmed COVID-19 patients was estimated for 29 countries, varying from 0.3% (lowest in Spain) up to 13.8% (highest in Argentina). Lastly, we identified seven studies reporting on PIMS-TS linked to COVID-19 among paediatric patients. Conclusions There is somewhat limited evidence available for quantifying the extent to which children may contribute to overall transmission, but the balance of evidence so far suggests that children and schools play only a limited role in overall transmission.
Studies on Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Table Pea (Pisum sativum var. hotense L.)

Table Pea (2n =2x = 14), a member of family Fabaceace is an important vegetable crop. It is native to Europe and West Asia, while its wild prototype came from Ethiopia (De Candolle, 1886). In India, it is grown mainly as a winter vegetable in the plains of north and central parts and as a summer vegetable in the hilly regions of the country. Pea is the valued primarily for the nutritional quality having high protein as 20-30%, vitamin A 5%, beta carotene 4%, and sufficient carbohydrates. Large proportion of peas are processed (canned, frozen or dehydrated) for consumption in off season. The crop is grown International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 9 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
VALUE CHAIN AND EVALUATION OF MILK QUALITY IN SELECTED DISTRICTS AROUND ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA

Evaluation of milk value chain and the quality of milk were assessed in selected districts of surrounding Addis Ababa from September 2016 to April 2017. A total of 180 randomly selected marketoriented smallholder dairy farmers were involved in a cross-sectional study that was carried out by way of a questionnaire survey, rapid market appraisal, farm inspection and group discussion. The overall mean family size of respondents in this study was 5.63±1.926 persons with average livestock holding per household of 23.93±11.755 animals. Cattle were the predominant species representing 84.3% of the total TLU. The average number of lactating cows owned by the respondent farmers was 1.76±0.920 local and 2.79±3.445 crossbred animals. Average daily milk yield of crossbred and local milking cows were 9.11±2.902 and 1.889±0.6707 liters respectively. Overall mean lactation lengths of crossbred and local milking cows were 9.7±0.46 and 6.26±0.6624 months. Sixty milk samples were collected and microbiological and physicochemical analyses were carried out. The overall mean chemical compositions of milk for fat, protein and solids not fat (%) were 3.5693±0.10892, 2.9646 ± 0.04621 and 6.9632±0.12175 in bulk Tank milk samples. The overall mean microbiological count of log (TBC cfu/ml), log (CC cfu/ml) and log (SCC/ml) of raw milk was 8.2285±0.10041, 3.3363±0.10010 and 5.1622±0.07382, respectively. The proportion of raw milk used for household consumption was relatively small (5%). The major part (86%) of milk produced by smallholders is destined to market. The main outlets for raw milk identified were cooperatives (55.6%), processors (20.0%), vendor (20.0%), directly to consumer (2.8%) and hotels/ restaurants (1.7%). Price variations (cited by 87% of the respondents), lack of fair market (72.2%), lack of demand during fasting (49.4%), lack of preserving facilities, and absence of quality-based payment and no/less say in deciding milk price by producers were the major problems of raw milk marketing.
Comparison of the performance of a time-dependent short-interest rate model with time-dependent models (2004) + Clarification (2008)

The coefficients in the stochastic differential equation that the short interest rate follows are of vital importance in the subsequent modelling of bond prices and other interest rate products. Empirical tests have previously been performed by various authors who compare a variety of popular short-rate models. Most recently, Ahn and Gao compared their model with affine-drift models and showed that their model with a non-linear drift function outperforms the others. This paper compares the model developed by Goard, which is a time-dependent generalization of the Ahn–Gao model, with the Ahn–Gao model itself. It is found that the time-dependent model using a second-order Fourier series in time, outperforms the Ahn–Gao model for all data sets considered. Abstract The coefficients in the stochastic differential equation that the short interest rate follows are of vital importance in the subsequent modelling of bond prices and other interest rate products. Empirical tests have previously been performed by various authors which compare a variety of popular short rate models. Most recently, Ahn and Gao compare their model with affine-drift models and show that their model with a non-linear drift function outperforms each one. In this paper we compare the model developed by Goard, which is a time-dependent generalisation of the Ahn-Gao model, with the Ahn-Gao model itself. We find that the time-dependent model using a second order Fourier series in time, outperforms the Ahn-Gao model for all data sets considered.
Gender-asymmetric time allocation and divorce. A US-West Germany comparison ]Répartition asymétrique du travail domestique et risque de divorce. Une comparaison entre les États-Unis et l’Allemagne de l’Ouest

There was a time when the prevailing opinion about family relations was that couple specialization (men working for pay, women staying at home) was optimal for both welfare maximization and partnership stability (Becker, 1981). One would accordingly predict rising divorce rates as women move into paid employment and pursue lifelong careers. The link between women’s new roles and divorce has fueled a large number of empirical studies, but as O zcan and Breen’s (2012) overview concludes, the causal link is far from clear. There is, however, evidence that the conventional male breadwinner model is losing its stabilizing influence on partnerships (Pampel, 2011). And studies implementing a dyadic approach suggest that partner similarity in terms of attitudes, preferences, and behavior increases relationship satisfaction. This, in turn, should positively influence partnership stability (Hohmann-Marriott, 2006).
IMPACT OF BODY CONDITION, MILK YIELD AND BLOOD METABOLITE CONCENTRATIONS ON THE RESUMPTION OF OVARIAN ACTIVITY IN CATTLE

Body condition of cows, level of milk production and concentrations of blood metabolites can influence the resumption of ovarian activity in cattle. This study investigated the relationships among body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), milk yield, blood metabolite [Glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, triglyceride, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB)] concentrations and resumption of postpartum ovarian cyclicity in 20 Sanga and 20 Friesian × Sanga cows. Cows were classified as having resumed ovarian activity when they had plasma progesterone concentration of ≥1 ng/mL. Based on the resumption of ovarian activity, cows were also classified into three ovarian cyclicity groups namely; early resumption of ovarian cyclicity (≤ 56 days postpartum), late resumption of ovarian cyclicity (57-112 days postpartum) and non-resumption of ovarian cyclicity (by 112 days postpartum). BW, BCS and milk yield did not affect (P<0.05) cycling status in Sanga cows. Friesian × Sanga that resumed ovarian cyclicity early (2.54 L/day) or late (2.01 L/day) had higher milk yield (P<0.05) than their counterparts that did not resumed ovarian cyclicity during the period of study (1.61 L/day). However, BW and BCS were similar (P>0.05) in the three ovarian cyclicity groups in the Friesian × Sanga cows. Sanga cows that resumed ovarian cyclicity early had lower total protein concentration than those that resumed ovarian cyclicity late (76.8 versus 89.3 g/L; P<0.05). Globulin concentration was also lower (P<0.05) in cows that resumed cyclicity early (42.6 g/L) than late (54.2 g/L) and non-cycling (49.7g/L) Sanga cows. There were significant (P<0.05) positive and negative correlations among some of the plasma metabolites determined. In conclusion, earlier resumption of ovarian cyclicity was associated with higher milk yield in Friesian × Sanga cows and lower concentrations of total protein and globulin in Sanga cows. Improved feeding and management strategies are recommended for the achievement of reproductive success in cows.