Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Fiscal Costs and Consequences of Alzheimer’s Disease in Germany: Microsimulation of Patients’ and Caregivers’ Pathways

Alzheimer’s disease is a severe condition, impacting individual’s wellbeing and independence in daily activities. Informal care provision is common and of great value to societies but is not without negative externalities to households and the broader economy. Estimate the lifetime incremental fiscal consequences of Alzheimer’s disease in community-based individuals and their informal caregivers. The fiscal consequences of Alzheimer’s disease was modeled using the German government and social security perspective. Synthetic cohort containing 1,000 pairs of people with Alzheimer’s disease and their informal caregivers, compared to 1,000 demographically identical pairs from the general population. Disease progression was modeled using published equations and a state-transition microsimulation framework. Labor participation, financial support and paid taxes were estimated according to cognitive decline and caregiving responsibilities using German labor statistics and tax rates. Healthcare costs were sourced from several German publications. Costs and life-years were discounted at 3% annually. Results are reported as lifetime incremental differences in total tax revenue and transfer payments between the cohort affected by Alzheimer’s disease and their general population analogues. The Alzheimer’s disease-affected pair was associated with net incremental fiscal losses of €74,288 ($85,037) to the German government and social security over the lifetime of people with Alzheimer’s disease. Most costs were lost taxes on employment earnings (48.4%) due to caregivers working reduced hours. Caregivers were estimated to earn €56,967 ($65,209) less than their general population analogues. Financial support for informal and formal care accounted for 20.4%, and medical healthcare costs represented 24.0% of the incremental fiscal losses. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the model results. In a cohort with early onset Alzheimer’s disease, incremental fiscal losses were predicted to be €118,533 ($114,209) over the lifetime of people with Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease externalities profoundly impact public economics for governments and should be considered to inform policy making and healthcare planning.
Potato Fluctuation and Risk Preference of Potato Farming in the Bromo Plateau, Indonesia

Potato farming in Indonesia is performed in the highlands, has a high production risk due to sloping land topography and steep slopes. In addition, low managerial ability in responding to sources of production risk results in the input allocation producing non-optimal production. This research aims to identify production fluctuation and farmers’ risk preferences, measure the level of technical efficiency, and determine the effect of risk preference on technical efficiency. The respondents in this study are 83 farmers. The Just and Pope risk function is used with a utility function approach to finding farmers’ risk preferences. The stochastic Frontier Cobb Douglas processes technical efficiency measurements. While to find out the influence of the factors that influence efficiency, Tobit regression is used. The analysis shows that the respondent’s behave risk-takers amounted to 62.65%. Respondents have not yet reached technical efficiency with an average level of technical efficiency of 0.774. Education, frequency of counseling and training, the application of terrace systems have a significant positive effect on technical efficiency, while land slope has a significant negative impact. Risk preference isn’t affected by technical efficiency and shows positive signs.
Coumarinolignans with Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and NF-κB Inhibitory Activities from the Roots of Waltheria indica

Seven new coumarinolignans, walthindicins A–F (1a, 1b, 2–5, 7), along with five known analogs (6, 8–11), were isolated from the roots of Waltheria indica. The structures of the new compounds are determined by detailed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), circular dichroism (CD) with extensive computational support, and mass spectroscopic data interpretation. Compounds were tested for their antioxidant activity in Human Cervical Cancer cells (HeLa cells). Compounds 1a and 6 showed higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitory activity at 20 μg/mL when compared with other natural compound-based antioxidants such as ascorbic acid. Considering the role of ROS in nuclear-factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation, compounds 1a and 6 were evaluated for NF-κB inhibitory activity and showed a concentration-dependent inhibition in Human Embryonic Kidney 293 cells (Luc-HEK-293).
Does the Same Hyperlactatemia Cut-Off in the Context of Acute Diseases Hold the Same Meaning in Diabetes Mellitus?

Background Hyperlactatemia is defined by a lactate concentration of >2 mmol/L, and a lactate concentration of above >4 mmol/L is commonly used to define severe hyperlactatemia. It is a common disorder in critically ill patients and is associated with adverse prognosis. Diabetes mellitus(DM) can also be associated with increased lactate levels at baseline. In this study, we aimed to document the development of severe hyperlactatemia in acute situations among patients with and without DM, to analyze potential contributors to lactate elevation and their impact on mortality, and to analyze whether lactate concentrations of >4 mmol/L have equal prognostic significance in patients with and without DM. Methodology A retrospective, cross-sectional study was performed among patients admitted to our internal medicine wards in the context of acute disease with lactate concentrations of ≥2 mmol/L. Data were collected regarding age, sex, highest lactate concentrations, cause of hyperlactatemia, DM, and mortality. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23. Results In total, 151 patients with lactate levels of ≥2 mmol/L were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 78.2 ± 14.9 years, and 55% of the patients were female. Overall, 55.6% of the patients had DM, as well as higher lactatemia of 6.3 ± 3.4 mmol/L (vs 5.1 ± 3.2 in non-DM patients, p = 0.003), with the majority reaching values of >4 mmol/L (vs 34.8% in non-DM patients). When potential contributors to the development of severe hyperlactatemia (lactate >4 mmol/L) were analyzed in DM patients, metformin consumption concomitantly with factors potentiating its accumulation, sepsis/septic shock, ischemia, and neoplasia were the most frequently identified contributors. In non-DM patients, the three former factors were also the most frequently reported. The 30-day mortality rate was 25.82%, with deceased patients also displaying a higher lactatemia of 6.5 ± 3.2 mmol/L (vs. 5.5 ± 3.3 mmol/L in patients who survived) (p = 0.037). In multivariate analysis, lactate values of >4 mmol/L were an independent predictor of mortality in the entire sample and in the subgroup without DM, but not in DM patients. Conclusions In our sample, patients with DM had higher lactate levels than non-DM patients. Our analysis raises the possibility that the same lactate values may not have equal capacity to assess prognosis in acute situations in patients with and without DM. Large-scale studies are needed to optimize cut-off points for lactatemia in patients with high baseline values, such as DM patients.
Directive Speech of Mata Najwa in “Kontroversi Mas Menteri” and Its Relevance to Indonesian Language Learning

This study aims to describe the forms of directive speech acts in the Mata Najwa episode "Kontroversi Mas Menteri" and their relevance to learning Indonesian. This research is qualitative descriptive. The data source was obtained from Mata Najwa's Youtube episode "Kontroversi Mas Menteri" in the form of oral speech. Researchers used listening and note-taking techniques in collecting data, while data analysis techniques employed pragmatic matching techniques. The data were then validated by triangulation of data sources. Based on the study results, it can be concluded that on Mata Najwa's Youtube account "Kontroversi Mas Menteri," it was found: (1) five directive speech acts: requesting, begging, asking, prohibiting, and ordering, (2) three speech acts requesting, two speech acts of begging, six speech acts of asking, two speech acts of prohibiting, and three speech acts of ordering, and (3) the research results are relevant to learning Indonesian in junior high school class VIII, with KD 4.13, concluding the contents, suggestions, invitations, directions, and considerations about various positive things about actual text problems from persuasive texts (environment, social conditions, and/or cultural diversity) heard and read.
Details and effects of pre-hospital pharmacotherapy in pediatric population patients with anaphylactic or severe allergic symptoms – a single-center study

Introduction: Anaphylaxis is an acute, potentially life-threatening, systemic hypersensitivity reaction. Its prevalence in pediatric population is constantly increasing. Adrenaline is a first-line treatment in every case of anaphylaxis. Aim: To examine the details of anaphylaxis treatment in the pre-hospital setting in a pediatric population. We wanted to determine whether there is a correlation between pharmacotherapy being implemented during the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) interventions and subsequent admission to the hospital. Material and methods: In our retrospective study, we
Elimination of Hepatitis C in Southern Italy: A Model of HCV Screening and Linkage to Care among Hospitalized Patients at Different Hospital Divisions

Background: Free-of-charge HCV screening in some key populations and in 1969–1989 birth cohorts has been funded in Italy as the first step to diagnosing individuals who are infected but asymptomatic. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of an opportunistic HCV screening and its linkage to care. Methods: A hospital-based HCV screening was conducted as a routine test for in-patients admitted to the Evangelical Hospital Betania of Naples from January 2020 to May 2021. All consecutive in-patients were screened for the HCV antibody (HCV-Ab) at the time of their admission to the hospital, and those born prior to year 2000 were included in the study. HCV-RNA testing was required for those not previously treated and without antiviral treatment contraindications. For in-patients with an active infection, treatment started soon after hospital admission. Results: Among 12,665 inpatients consecutively screened, 510 (4%) were HCV-Ab positive. The HCV-Ab positivity rate increased with age, reaching the highest prevalence (9.49%) in those born before 1947. Among patients positive for HCV, 118 (23.1%) had been previously treated, 172 (33.9%) had been discharged before being tested for HCV-RNA, and 26 (5.1%) had not been tested for short life expectancy. Of 194 (38% of HCV-Ab+) patients who were tested for HCV-RNA, 91 (46.2%) were HCV-RNA positive. Of patients with active infection, 33 (36%) were admitted to the liver unit with signs of liver damage either not previously diagnosed or diagnosed but unlinked to care for HCV infection. Of the patients positive for HCV-RNA, 87 (95.6%) started treatment; all achieved sustained virological response. Conclusion: HCV active infection has been frequently found in patients with comorbidities admitted in the hospital in Southern Italy. To achieve HCV elimination in Italy, broader screening strategies are required. In addition to screening of the 1969–1989 birth cohort of individuals unaware of their infection status, diagnosis and linkage to care of patients with known liver damage is strictly required. Hospital screening is feasible, but prompt reflex testing for identifying HCV-active infections is necessary to increase diagnosis and subsequent linkage to care.
Pseudomonas oligotrophica sp. nov., a Novel Denitrifying Bacterium Possessing Nitrogen Removal Capability Under Low Carbon–Nitrogen Ratio Condition

Pseudomonas is a large and diverse genus within the Gammaproteobacteria known for its important ecological role in the environment. These bacteria exhibit versatile features of which the ability of heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification can be applied for nitrogen removal from the wastewater. A novel denitrifying bacterium, designated JM10B5aT, was isolated from the pond water for juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. The phylogenetic, genomic, physiological, and biochemical analyses illustrated that strain JM10B5aT represented a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name Pseudomonas oligotrophica sp. nov. was proposed. The effects of carbon sources and C/N ratios on denitrification performance of strain JM10B5aT were investigated. In addition, the results revealed that sodium acetate was selected as the optimum carbon source for denitrification of this strain. Besides, strain JM10B5aT could exhibit complete nitrate removal at the low C/N ratio of 3. Genomic analyses revealed that JM10B5aT possessed the functional genes including napA, narG, nirS, norB, and nosZ, which might participate in the complete denitrification process. Comparative genomic analyses indicated that many genes related to aggregation, utilization of alkylphosphonate and tricarballylate, biosynthesis of cofactors, and vitamins were contained in the genome of strain JM10B5aT. These genomic features were indicative of its adaption to various niches. Moreover, strain JM10B5aT harbored the complete operons required for the biosynthesis of vibrioferrin, a siderophore, which might be conducive to the high denitrification efficiency of denitrifying bacterium at low C/N ratio. Our findings demonstrated that the strain JM10B5aT could be a promising candidate for treating wastewater with a low C/N ratio.
Predictive values of systemic inflammatory responses index in early neurological deterioration in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the main cause of worldwide death and disability. Early neurological deterioration (END) can further increase the probability of death and disability in patients with ischemic stroke. Therefore, it is essential to find biomarkers to predict END early. Inflammatory response plays a crucial role in determining the course, outcome, and prognosis of END. Earlier studies focused on the relationship between routine hematological inflammatory markers and END, which limited the results. At present, relatively new and comprehensive markers of inflammatory response are relatively scarce. In this study, we investigate the predictive value of inflammatory markers in acute ischemic stroke cases for END which include systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and then to establish a nomogram model. METHODS A total of 375 patients with AIS were analyzed who were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from September 2019 to June 2021. The associations between END and inflammatory markers were studied by employing the analysis of univariate. Following that, through regression models of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, the END risk model's feature selection was optimized. The development of the model of prediction was carried out by applying the multivariable logistic regression analysis. The calibration, discrimination, and clinical efficacy of the prediction model were studied via calibration plot, C-index, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The bootstrapping validation method was used for the evaluation of internal validation. RESULTS We constructed a nomogram consisting of CRP, monocytes, NIHSS and SIRI. This model had desirable calibration and discrimination, with a C-index of 0.757 (95% confidence interval: 0.702-0.805). Interval validation could still achieve the higher C-index value of 0.747. When the risk threshold for END was greater than 13% but less than 84%, DCA proved to be clinically useful. CONCLUSIONS Our research shows that SIRI can be used as a new predictor of END, as well as a monitor of treatment response. Compared with the traditional single inflammatory indicator, the integration of SIRI nomogram can predict the occurrence of END more objectively and reliably.
The Mediating Effect of E-Cigarette Harm Perception in the Relationship between E-Cigarette Advertising Exposure and E-Cigarette Use

Exposure to e-cigarette advertising is associated with e-cigarette use among young people. This study examined the mediating effect of e-cigarette harm perception on the above relationship. Cross-sectional survey data were collected from 2112 college students in New York City in 2017–2018. The analytic sample comprised 2078 participants (58.6% females) who provided completed data. Structural equal modeling was performed to examine if e-cigarette harm perception mediated the relationship between e-cigarette advertising exposure (via TV, radio, large signs, print media, and online) and ever e-cigarette use and susceptibility to e-cigarette use. About 17.1% of participants reported ever e-cigarette use. Of never users, 17.5% were susceptible to e-cigarette use. E-cigarette advertising exposure was mainly through online sources (31.5%). Most participants (59.4%) perceived e-cigarettes as equally or more harmful than cigarettes. Advertising exposure showed different effects on e-cigarette harm perception depending on the source of the advertising exposure, but perceiving e-cigarettes as less harmful than cigarettes was consistently associated with e-cigarette use and susceptibility. Low harm perception mediated the association between advertising exposure (via online, TV, and radio) and ever e-cigarette use and between online advertising exposure and e-cigarette use susceptibility. Regulatory actions are needed to address e-cigarette marketing, particularly on the Internet.
The Dilemma of the Great Development of Rural Tourism from the Sustainable Environment Perspective

Demand and motivation are powerful indicators of people's decisions and behaviors. Based on the in-depth interviews with 190 relevant stakeholders, the study found that the rural tourism industry is facing three kinds of pressures for continued growth. Under these three pressures, the rural tourism industry tends to “copy” and plunder resource-based development, which restricts the industry's sustainable growth path. Therefore, to continue the development of the rural tourism industry, we need to create a development path suitable for the sustainable development of rural tourism from three aspects: system, atmosphere construction, and market orientation.
Documenting Greek Indigenous Germplasm of Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) for Sustainable Utilization: Molecular Authentication, Asexual Propagation, and Phytochemical Evaluation

Wild-growing Cornelian cherries (Cornus mas L., Cornaceae) are well-known native fruits in Greece since ancient times that are still consumed locally nowadays. Modern research has highlighted the value of Cornelian cherries as functional food with exceptional health benefits on account of the fruits’ biochemical profile. However, apart from local consumption directly from wild growing individuals, Greek native C. mas populations have not yet been investigated or sustainably utilized. A multifaceted evaluation was conducted herein including authorized collection-documentation, taxonomic identification, and molecular authentication (DNA barcoding), asexual propagation via cuttings and phytochemical evaluation (multiple antioxidant profiling) of neglected and underutilized Greek native C. mas germplasm sources. Successive botanical expeditions resulted in the collection of 18 samples of genotypes from distant C. mas populations across different natural habitats in Greece, most of which were DNA fingerprinted for the first time. Asexual propagation trials revealed high variability in rooting frequencies among Greek genotypes with low (<25%), average (25–50%), and adequate propagation potential (>50%) using external indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) hormone application on soft- or hard-wood cuttings. The comparative phytochemical evaluation of the studied Greek genotypes showed significant potential in terms of antioxidant activity (>80% radical scavenging activity in 13 genotypes), but with variable phenolic content (47.58–355.46 mg GAE/100 g), flavonoid content (0.15–0.86 mg CE/100 g), and vitamin C content (1–59 mg AAE/100 g). The collected material is currently maintained under ex situ conservation for long-term monitoring coupled with ongoing pilot cultivation trials. The pivotal data create for the first time a framework for the sustainable utilization of Greek native C. mas germplasm as a superfood with significant agronomic potential.
IL-17A Is the Critical Cytokine for Liver and Spleen Amyloidosis in Inflammatory Skin Disease

Systemic amyloidosis is recognized as a serious complication of rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease, but also of inflammatory skin disease. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of amyloidosis associated with cutaneous inflammation remains unclear, and therapeutic approaches are limited. Here, we investigated the pathophysiology of amyloidosis secondary to cutaneous inflammation and the therapeutic effects of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors by examining a mouse model of spontaneous dermatitis (KCASP1Tg mice). Moreover, KCASP1Tg mice were crossed with interleukin-17A (IL-17A) knockout mice to generate IL-17A-/KCASP1Tg and examine the role of IL-17A in amyloidosis under cutaneous inflammation. KCASP1Tg mice showed severe amyloid deposition in the liver and spleen. Increased serum-neutral fat levels and decreased lymphocyte production were observed in the spleen. Overproduction of amyloidosis was partially ameliorated by the administration of JAK inhibitors and was further improved in IL-17A-/KCASP1Tg mice. IL-17A-producing cells included CD4, gamma delta, and CD8 T cells. In summary, our results from the analysis of a mouse model of dermatitis revealed that skin-derived inflammatory cytokines can induce amyloid deposition in the liver and spleen, and that the administration of JAK inhibitors and, even more, IL-17A ablation, reduced amyloidosis. This study demonstrates that active control of skin inflammation is essential to prevent internal organ amyloidosis.
Forecasting crude oil prices: do technical indicators need economic constraints?

This study aims to improve the forecasting performance of technical indicators for crude oil prices by imposing economic constraints on the sign of the shrinkage estimators. The out-of-sample results indicate that our constrained methods deliver significantly stronger forecasts than their standard forms and prevalent predictive models. Moreover, the advantages of the constrained methods are stronger during recessions and weaker during expansions. The superior forecasting performance of the constrained methods is not affected by the consideration of long-horizon forecasts and is robust to a large body of alternative specifications. In addition to the statistical tests, we provide evidence that investors who use the new predictive framework can realize sizable economic gains through asset allocations and market timing.
Implementing STAD Learning Model to Improve Children’s Spelling Ability

Reading is a basic skill that must be mastered by everyone. But in reality, there are still a lot of children who have difficulty in reading. These children have difficulty reading because they still do not understand how to spell a word. This study aims to improve students' spelling skills by using the STAD model in the classroom. The data was taken from the first grade for the 2021/2022 academic year in one of the public schools in Central Java, Indonesia. By applying the classroom action research method and using t-score for data processing, it is known that there is a significant improvement in spelling for the first graders.