Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of friction stir spot welding tools in consideration of cutting tools

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the mechanical characteristics during friction stir spot welding when cutting tools are used with consideration made to tool shapes. Friction stir spot welding tools with cutting edges similar to a cutting tool were used in this study, and the rake angles of the tools changed from negative to positive. The failure load in the tensile shear test of an A5052/A6061 friction stir spot lap joint made at a tool rotational speed of 1500 rpm was the highest when using a tool with a negative rake angle, and was almost the same when using tools with rake angles of 0º and positive angles. The thrust force and torque were similar to the results of the tensile shear test. These were the highest when using a tool with a negative rake angle and were almost the same when using tools with rake angles of 0º and positive angles. These results indicate whether it is possible to easily generate and discharge chips during probe penetration. Regarding this, it seems that the rake angle of the tool signiﬁcantly aﬀects the generation and discharge of the chips. These results suggest that the mechanical characteristics during friction stir spot welding can be controlled by changing the tool geometry.
A five-year review of necrotizing fasciitis at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Jimma, Ethiopia

Necrotizing bacterial infections are extremely serious, fulminant infections of the soft tissues by virulent bacteria. The annual incidence of NF is estimated at 500–1,000 cases annually, and its prevalence globally has been reported to be 0.40 cases per 100,000 populations. It is seen to have a predilection for men, with a male-to-female ratio of 3:1. The disease affects all age groups. Clinical risk factors for necrotizing soft-tissue infection include diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, obesity, chronic alcoholism, peripheral vascular disease, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, steroid use, renal failure, cirrhosis and autoimmune deficiency syndrome. The mortality associated with NSTI has been in the range of 16 to 45%. Necrotizing fasciitis is common in Ethiopia but the prevalence and risk factor patterns of the disease in Ethiopia setup have not been well studied. The main objective of this study was to assess pattern and outcome of necrotizing fasciitis in Ethiopia. A retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted, by reviewing medical records of patients who developed necrotizing fasciitis during the period between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2015 in Jimma University specialized hospital. Overall, 78 patients were diagnosed with necrotizing fasciitis and mortality rate was 19.23%. The mean age of patients was 36.33 years (range: 37 days to 80 years). Male to female ratio was 2.39:1. Seventy percent were from rural area and 39.7% had predisposing factor. The most common site affected is lower limb (39.7%) and the next common is perineum (34.6%). The median duration of hospital stay was 25.23 days. This five-year review has shown a low incidence of necrotizing fasciitis infection with a high mortality rate. Diabetes mellitus, RVI and malnutrition were identified as the main co-morbidities. Key words: Necrotizing fasciitis, diabetes mellitus.
High-silica Zeolites as Novel Adsorbents for the Removal of Organic Micro-pollutants in Water Treatment

A broad range of organic micropollutants (OMPs), including pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, are present in drinking water sources and effluent of wastewater treatment plants (Kolpin et al., 2002; Stackelberg et al., 2004). The presence of OMPs in water significantly threatens public health and thus calls for effective treatment technologies (Alan et al., 2008; Pal et al., 2010). Zeolites are highly structured minerals with uniform micropores (pore diameters < 2nm) (McCusker and Baerlocher 2001). The pores of zeolites allow for the adsorption of OMPs and potentially avoid the negative influence of natural organic matter (NOM) (de Ridder et al., 2012; Hung and Lin 2006; Knappe and Campos 2005). High-silica zeolites have hydrophobic surfaces, which could prevent water competition with OMP adsorption (Maesen 2007; Rakic et al., 2010; Tsitsishvili 1973). High-silica zeolites are thus expected to be potential alternative adsorbents for activated carbon in water treatment.
Effects of Chromolaena odorata leaf extract on behaviour and haematology of Clarias gariepinus juveniles (Burchell, 1822)

The current study investigated the effect of Chromolaena odorata leaf extract on the behaviour and haematology of Clarias gariepinus juveniles. One hundred and fifty (150) juveniles of C. gariepinus (46.02 ± 1.20 g) were exposed to a range of concentrations of C. odorata leaf extract: 10 mg l−1, 20 mg l−1, 30 mg l−1 and 40 mg l−1 at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h exposure duration. Dose- and time-dependent behavioural changes, such as loss of equilibrium, hyperactivity and jerky movement, were observed in fish exposed to C. odorata leaf extract. There was a progressive and dose-dependent decrease in response to stimulus with time, until a state of calmness, which was subsequently followed by death. Haematological analyses revealed significant and dose-dependent decreases in pack cell volume, haemoglobin and erythrocytes, and elevated white blood cells, in exposed fish relative to control fish.
Improvements in implantable cardioverter defibrillator patient stratification

Although the beneficial effect of ICD treatment has been proven in selected patients, the population assessed in large clinical trials does not reflect the population with ICDs in the real world. The aim of the current thesis is to give better insight in these patients at risk for lifethreatening arrhythmias by studying a large population of patients treated with an ICD, outside the setting of a clinical trial. In part I, the actual need for defibrillator backup during long-term follow-up is evaluated. Chapter 2 describes differences in mortality and the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia between patients receiving an ICD as primary vs. secondary prevention of SCD. The actual need for device replacement after an event-free first battery service-life is studied in Chapter 3. In part II, an attempt is made to improve risk stratification by evaluating currently available parameters and the additive value of novel parameters. In Chapter 4 all classic baseline variables are combined to construct a clinically applicable mortality risk score in primary prevention ICD recipients with ischemic heart disease. Chapter 5 demonstrates the importance of atrial fibrillation in patients with ICD or CRT-D. Chapter 6 shows that usage of a risk model can predict the risk of non-benefit (death, prior to first ventricular arrhythmia) which might have important clinical consequences. In Chapter 7 the spatial QRS-T angle is evaluated in the prediction of ventricular arrhythmia. Chapter 8 demonstrates the risk of lead failure in smalldiameter defibrillation leads compared with a benchmark cohort.
High-Speed Distance Relaying of the Entire Length of Transmission Lines Without Signaling

Short-circuit faults close to either end of a transmission line, are normally cleared instantaneously by the distance relay at that end and after hundreds of milliseconds, i.e., in Zone 2 operating time, by the relay at the opposite end of the line. This sequential tripping can be accelerated on condition that a reliable communication link is available for signaling between the two line ends. This paper proposes a novel non-communication method providing high-speed distance relaying over the entire length of the protected transmission line. The inputs to the method are the protected line parameters and local voltage and current signals measured by the relay, similar to those to conventional distance relays. The proposed method accomplishes Accelerated Sequential Tripping (AST) within a couple of cycles after the opening of the remote-end circuit breaker (ORCB) of the line. To achieve this, an accurate closed-form solution is derived for the fault distance in terms of post-ORCB voltage and current phasors. For the detection of the ORCB instant, a set of proper indices are proposed. This is to verify the fault distance calculated by the relay, before issuing a trip command. The proposed method is successfully validated by conducting more than 20000 hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) tests, and also using real-life data.
Therapy of peripartum mental disorders

During the peripartum period, women are at a greater risk of developing a mental disorder or experiencing an exacerbation of the pre-existing mental disorders. Therapeutic interventions are based primarily on psychotherapy, but if the symptoms are severe and pose a risk to the mother and the child, then the use of drugs, hospitalization or electroconvulsive therapy is considered. Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy is the first line of treatment in postpartum blues and postpartum depression, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and mild to moderate obsessive-compulsive disorder. More recent conceptions regarding the use of drugs during the postpartum period indicate that medications should be prescribed if the risk of using them is lower than the risk of complications caused by the symptoms of mental disorders. Nortriptyline or desipramine are recommended from the group of tricyclic antidepressants, but newer generation antidepressants are shown to be safer during pregnancy. Fluvoxamine, paroxetine and sertraline can be used in postpartum period during breastfeeding, while fluoxetine and citalopram should be avoided. The use of first-generation antipsychotics haloperidol and trifluoperazine is recommended in the antepartum period, during which some of second-generation antipsychotics such as quetiapine, olanzapine, risperidone and aripiprazole can also be used. Clozapine should be avoided during breast-feeding. The use of mood stabilizers during pregnancy requires a thorough knowledge of the recommendations, and it is not advised to use them during the postpartum if the patient is breastfeeding. From the group of benzodiazepines, it is recommended to uselorazepam. Every form of therapeutic approach has proven to be more effective in the presence of emotional support from partners and other family members.
O comportamento suicida na realidade brasileira: aspectos epidemiológicos e da política de prevenção

Este artigo objetiva analisar dados epidemiológicos sobre o comportamento suicida e a política de prevenção ao suicídio. O comportamento suicida é um grave problema mundial de saúde pública, pois ocorre uma morte a cada 40 segundos no mundo. Para cada morte há de 10 a 20 vezes mais tentativas. O Brasil não tem sistema de vigilância ao comportamento suicida nem equipamentos adequados para esse atendimento. A análise de dados pelos boletins da OMS e do Ministério da Saúde sobre o comportamento suicida no mundo e no país indica que o suicídio tem aumentado no Brasil anualmente, desde 1996, de forma vertiginosa. Os estados do sul, sudeste e centro-oeste apresentam as maiores taxas. O país ocupa o oitavo lugar mundial em número absoluto de mortes; não temos profissionais preparados para prestar atendimento qualificado aos sobreviventes. A subnotificação é problema grave que perpassa a temática, e o suicídio ainda é tabu na sociedade brasileira. São necessárias políticas públicas para prevenção ao comportamento suicida.
A Reliable Smart Interaction With Physical Thing Attached With BLE Beacon

Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) beacon is a key enabler for smart interaction between the user device and the physical thing, in which the physical thing can actively engage users for interaction via its advertising packet. However, reliability is always an issue for the beacon-based interaction since the beacon employs an unreliable broadcasting approach which provides no way to check if the user device has received the correct packet. We define the sparse observation to describe the phenomenon where the number of packets received by the user device within an arbitrarily small time duration is less than the number of deployed beacons. This article studies the sparse observation causing by the following two factors: 1) the unpredictable environmental variations and 2) the uncontrollable operating conditions of a beacon. An analysis is provided to investigate the interaction reliability in connection with the above two factors. Motivated by the above challenges, a novel solution, which exploits the ambient RF fingerprinting to address the sparse-observation issues, is proposed to enhance the interaction reliability. Our proposed solution is validated with extensive experiments consisting of real data collected from both indoor and outdoor environments. Finally, the feasibility of our proposed solution is demonstrated with a proof-of-concept prototype implemented over multiple physical things.
Universal Gorban’s Entropies: Geometric Case Study

Recently, A.N. Gorban presented a rich family of universal Lyapunov functions for any linear or non-linear reaction network with detailed or complex balance. Two main elements of the construction algorithm are partial equilibria of reactions and convex envelopes of families of functions. These new functions aimed to resolve “the mystery” about the difference between the rich family of Lyapunov functions (f-divergences) for linear kinetics and a limited collection of Lyapunov functions for non-linear networks in thermodynamic conditions. The lack of examples did not allow to evaluate the difference between Gorban’s entropies and the classical Boltzmann–Gibbs–Shannon entropy despite obvious difference in their construction. In this paper, Gorban’s results are briefly reviewed, and these functions are analysed and compared for several mechanisms of chemical reactions. The level sets and dynamics along the kinetic trajectories are analysed. The most pronounced difference between the new and classical thermodynamic Lyapunov functions was found far from the partial equilibria, whereas when some fast elementary reactions became close to equilibrium then this difference decreased and vanished in partial equilibria.
Optimal look back period and summary method for Elixhauser comorbidity measures in a US population-based electronic health record database

php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). Open Access Medical Statistics 2017:7 1–13 Open Access Medical Statistics Dovepress
Sequent Calculi and Interpolation for Non-Normal Modal and Deontic Logics

G3-style sequent calculi for the logics in the cube of non-normal modal logics and for their deontic extensions are studied. For each calculus we prove that weakening and contraction are height-preserving admissible, and we give a syntactic proof of the admissibility of cut. This implies that the subformula property holds and that derivability can be decided by a terminating proof search whose complexity is in PSPACE. These calculi are shown to be equivalent to the axiomatic ones and, therefore, they are sound and complete with respect to neighbourhood semantics. Finally, it is given a Maehara-style proof of Craig's interpolation theorem for most of the logics considered.
Are Foreigners Treated Equally Under TRIPS?

The TRIPS Agreement, administered by the World Trade Organisation, ensures the smooth functioning of the international patent system. It promises among others that local and foreign firms are treated in the same, non-discriminatory manner. We test for whether national treatment has been upheld in the five largest patent offices and document the existence of a systematic bias against foreign firms in patent examination decisions. We find that filing international patent applications under the Patent Cooperation Treaty can reduce some of the bias.
Antioxidant capacity, lipid oxidation status and expression of specific selenoprotein mRNA in Longissimus dorsi muscle of lambs (Ovies aries) supplemented with supranutritional selenium

Selenium is known to play a key role in maintenance of redox status of tissues, immunity, reproduction, thyroid and muscle functions. The present investigation was carried out to understand the effect of supranutritional dietary Se supplementation on antioxidant capacity, lipid oxidation and expression of specific selenoprotein mRNA in Longissimus dorsi muscles of growing lambs. Twenty male lambs of 5â€“6 months of age were fed basal diet supplemented with 0.5, 1.5 or 4.5 ppm Se-yeast (organic Se) or without Se (control) for 90 days. The antioxidant capacity, lipid oxidation of meat during different days of storage and the mRNA expression of GPX1, GPX2, GPX3, TXNRD1, TXNRD3, DIO1, DIO2, DIO3, SEPP1, SEP15 and SEPW1 were studied in Longissimus dorsi muscles of sheep. The results indicated improvement in antioxidant status by supplementation of 1.5 and 4.5 ppm Se, and reduction in meat lipid oxidation status on day 0 without any further reduction after 3 and 7 days of storage in all the Se supplemented lambs. A selective change in expression of GPX2, GPX3, TXNRD1, DIO2, DIO3, SEPP1, SEP15 and SEPW1 mRNA was observed by supranutritional Se while GPX1, TXNRD3, DIO1 and expressions remained unaffected by supplementation. In conclusion, supranutritional Se supplementation in lambs increased antioxidant status, reduced lipid oxidation status with limited effect on oxidative stability of meat during storage and regulated Longissimus dorsi muscle selenoprotein mRNA expression differentially depending on the Se feeding levels. Our results thus provided new insights into the regulation of selenoprotein gene expression by supranutritional levels of dietary Se.
The evolving Japanese: the dual structure hypothesis at 30

Abstract Abstract The population history of Japan has been one of the most intensively studied anthropological questions anywhere in the world, with a huge literature dating back to the nineteenth century and before. A growing consensus over the 1980s that the modern Japanese comprise an admixture of a Neolithic population with Bronze Age migrants from the Korean peninsula was crystallised in Kazurō Hanihara's influential ‘dual structure hypothesis’ published in 1991. Here, we use recent research in biological anthropology, historical linguistics and archaeology to evaluate this hypothesis after three decades. Although the major assumptions of Hanihara's model have been supported by recent work, we discuss areas where new findings have led to a re-evaluation of aspects of the hypothesis and emphasise the need for further research in key areas including ancient DNA and archaeology.
Development and Pilot Testing of an International Knowledge Assessment of Prosthetic Management for Patients Using Lower-Limb Prostheses

Introduction Individuals using a lower-limb prosthesis need knowledge about many aspects of management to maximize use and comfort and minimize secondary complications. Knowledge assessments are used in other health fields, yet no assessment has been published in prosthetics. Therefore, a knowledge assessment was developed for international use and pilot tested in the United States and East Africa. Materials and Methods The assessment contained 36 questions and was written at a 4.7-grade reading level. Content was based on professional input and literature. The assessment was pilot tested with 16 prosthetic users in the United States, 19 prosthetic users in East Africa, and 24 nonprosthetic users in the United States. Assessment scores were analyzed across questions, between prosthetic users and nonprosthetic users, and correlated with patient demographics. Results We found the assessment was understandable among all subject groups. United States prosthesis users scored higher than nonprosthesis users. Prosthetic experience was positively correlated with assessment scores in the United States and negatively correlated with assessment scores in East Africa. Conclusions Clinicians can use this knowledge assessment to identify gaps or misunderstanding and track progress in comprehension with their patients. Clinicians can adapt questions to their local context, individual needs and componentry, and time constraints.
The Effects of Transformational Leadership, Internal Communication, and Management Control Systems on Teacher’s Performance of Junior High School

The objective of this study is to obtain information concerning the effect of Transformational Leadership, Management Control Systems, Internal Communication and Teacher’s Performance. The research population of all teachers in the Junior High School in Medan Labuhan District was 164 teachers. Determination of the number of samples was determined using Kreijcie tables from 118 teachers with the sampling technique using Proportional Random Sampling. To collect research data, a questionnaires was used, where the questionnaire was tested on 30 teachers to test the validity using Product Moment Correlation and Reliability test using the Coefficient Cronbach Alpha. Test requirements for analysis carried out tests of normality and linearity. The hypothesis’s test was done by path analysis. The results showed that there was a positive direct effect of Transformational Leadership on Internal Communication, there was a positive direct influence on Transformational Leadership on Management Control Systems, there was a positive direct effect on Transformational Leadership on Teacher’s Performance, there was a positive direct effect Internal Communication on Teacher’s Performance, and there was a positive direct from the Management Control System on Teacher’s Performance, Teacher’s Performance improvement can be done by increasing Transformational Leadership, Internal Communication and Management Control Systems. Keywords—transformational leadership; internal communication and management control systems; teacher’s performance