Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crystallization and Solid-State Polymerization of Poly(bisphenol A carbonate) Facilitated by Supercritical CO2

Poly(bisphenol A carbonate) was synthesized by solid-state polymerization (SSP) using supercritical CO2 to induce crystallinity in low molecular weight polycarbonate beads. The CO2-induced crystallization was studied as a function of time, temperature, molecular weight, and pressure. There was an optimum temperature for crystallization which depended on the molecular weight of the polymer. The molecular weight and percent crystallinity of the polymer produced by SSP were determined as a function of time and radial position in the bead. The molecular weight and percent crystallinity were strong functions of the particle radius, probably because of the slow diffusion of phenol out of the polymer particles. Nitrogen and supercritical CO2 were used as sweep fluids for the SSP process. The polymerization rate was always higher in supercritical CO2 at otherwise comparable conditions. We hypothesize that supercritical CO2 plasticizes the amorphous regions of the polymer, thereby increasing chain mobility and the.
The Effects of Wildlife (Deer) and Livestock (Sheep and Goat) Grazing on Species Diversity and Richness, and Plant Composition in the Steppe Rangelands of Mehriz

ریثات یارچ تایح شحو ( وهآ ) و ماد یلها ( دنفسوگ و زب ) رب صخاش یاه عونت و یانغ هنوگ یا و بیکرت یهایگ رد عتارم یپتسا زیرهم اریمس نیسح یرفعج 1 ، اضردمحم نایطاط 2 ، اضر شاترمت 2 و یلع ربکا نایمیرک 3 1 یوجشناد یسانشراک دشرا ،یرادعترم هاگشناد مولع یزرواشک و عبانم یبط یع ،یراس یراس . 2 راردادتتسا هورگ عترم و ،یرادزیخبآ هدهتتشناد عبانم ،یعیبط هاگتتشناد مولع یزرواشک و عبانم یعیبط ،یراس یراس . 3 رایشناد هورگ عترم و ،یرادزیخبآ هدهشناد عبانم ،یعیبط هاگشناد زر ،دزر . د چ هدیک رد یبارزرا رثا ارچ رب ششوپ یهایگ رد رظن ندفرگ صخاش یاه ،عونت ،انغ خاونهر ،ید دادعت و بیکرت یهایگ زا تیمها هژرو یا رادروخرب یم دتشاب اررز تیتساتسح اهنآ رد خساپ هب ناردارگ ارچ و عون ماد ارچ هدننک توافدم یم ،دشاب اذل فده قیقحت سراقم ه صخاتش یاه روکذم نیب ود تراتس یرارچ تایح شحو و ماد یلها رد عتارم یپدسا زررهم دوب . هنومن یرادرب رد ود هقطنم روکذم رد تتشهبردرا هام اتس 1331 ، هب روط یفداصت کیتامدسیس ماجنا دش ( 11 تهسنارت 111 یردم و 3 تلاپ 2 ردم یعبرم رد ره هقطنم .) رد لخاد ره تلاپ و رد داددما ره ،تهتسنارت مان هنوگ یاه ،یهایگ هریت یاه ،یهایگ وط رمع و دتتصرد شتتشوپ هب کیهفت هنوگ نییعت دردرگ . رد تراهن هسراقم نایم هداد اه رد ود هقطنم اب هدافدسا زا نومزآ t ماجنا دش . جرادن ناشن داد هک رد راس تتتتتت ت رارچ تتت ی ،وهآ دصرد شوپ ت ش هنوگ یاه Colchicum kotschyi ،
Experimental validation of vitamin C's defensive function against the biochemical changes triggered by a pyrethroid-based mosquito coil (PBMC) on testis of albino rats

Allethrin is a widely used pyrethroid in mosquito coil and has a potential toxic effect. The purpose of the current research was to explore the effects triggered by allethrin-based mosquito coil smoke using an albino wistar rat model on certain biochemical parameters to ascertain the oxidative stress to be the mechanism of insult to testicular tissue. The animals in our study were clustered among the four groups. Group 1st, with 12 rats represented as control, while group 2nd having 12 rats, mosquito coil smoke was given to them 8 hours per day, seven days per week for twelve weeks. Group 3rd with 8 rats having the same exposure as in group 2nd and then kept for further 8 weeks without any exposure served as the withdrawal group. Group 4th, a maximum of ten rats with similar treatment as group 2nd, together with administration of vitamin C. Group 2nd rats showed derangement in oxidative markers compared to group 1st, 3rd, and 4th as there was a substantial amount of (P
Submicrosecond breakdown and prebreakdown phenomena in water: influence of pressure, conductivity, and gap separation

The electrical breakdown of highly pressurized water and salt solutions subjected to high amplitude electric fields of sub-/spl mu/s duration has been investigated. Well defined pulses (80-kV, 3 ns-risetime, 100 ns duration) have been applied to a gap (0.04-0.21 cm), between Rogowski profile electrodes (r=1.0 cm), containing distilled water, non-distilled water, sodium chloride solutions (0.001-1.0 molar), or magnesium sulfate solutions (0.01-0.1 molar). Breakdown in these liquids has been studied at pressures up to 400 atm. Calibrated voltage dividers situated on the source and load sides of the test cell permitted measurement of the inter-electrode potential and the current response. From these measurements, the time lag to breakdown, /spl tau//sub bd/; breakdown voltage, power input to the liquid, and temporal characteristics of the discharge have been determined. The time lag increases with increasing pressure and gap width, and decreases with increasing field. There is no dependence of /spl tau//sub bd/ on liquid conductivity. A model has been developed to explain these results. In this model, field emission currents heat the liquid and create regions with density, n, below the critical density, n/sub c/, necessary for the development of electron avalanches. An ionizing wave front subsequently develops and propagates via a sequence of processes occurring in the region ahead of the front; namely, heating by electron injection, lowering of the liquid density, and avalanche growth and retardation. The bubble formation time has been experimentally determined and is in good agreement with theory. <<ETX>>
Study on a supplemental test to improve the detection of bovine tuberculosis in individual animals and herds

Background With a worldwide occurrence, bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease that is difficult to control, mainly due to the lack of a diagnostic testing to detect infected animals at all stages. Furthermore, the current standard diagnostic test, the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), is logistically difficult and time consuming. To address this challenge, the aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) comparing with the TST used for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in cattle in Brazil. The study included 400 Nelore females raised for beef on five farms, in different municipalities in Brazil. The comparative cervical test (CCT) was done and on the day of inoculation of the Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) blood samples were obtained and stored for further analysis of the ELISA IDEXX™ Mycobacterium bovis immunoassay. Results Lack of agreement between CCT and ELISA IDEXX™ was observed. No diagnosis described as positive reactor on the CCT was positive at the ELISA, indicating two false positive reactors and 22 negative reactors by CCT were positive by the ELISA IDEXX™. The ELISA IDEXX™ showed sensitivity significantly higher than the official CCT and no significant differences in specificity was observed. ELISA also detected infected animals and herds undetected by the CCT. The parallel use of CCT and ELISA increased sensitivity and the feasibility bTB screening, thus improving the cleaning of the herds. Conclusions The results obtained here suggest that the ELISA IDEXX™ may be a supplemental test for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in regions without routine testing and slaughter, where the disease generally progresses to more advanced stages and antibody responses are likely to be more prevalent. The results provided evidence to support the validation of the ELISA IDEXX™ as a supplemental test for bTB eradication programs.
Phonon spectra, interatomic interaction potentials and simulation of lattice defects in iridium and rhodium

Abstract The method of inelastic neutron scattering has been used to measure the frequencies of the transverse branch of phonons in Ir in the (001) and (110) directions. The results obtained are used to fit the interatomic interaction potential φ(r) for Ir, which describes with high accuracy the Ir lattice properties, including energy characteristics of point defects. The analogous potential is plotted for Rh. Specific features of φ(r) in Ir and Rh are discussed; in particular, “rigidity” at small distances and weakly pronounced Friedel oscillations. Elastic properties, phonon spectra, the formation energies of vacancies, interstitial atoms, and stacking faults, as well as the migration energies of vacancies, and interstitial atoms in Ir and Rh, are calculated.
Determining the Optimal Arima Model for Forecasting the Share Price Index of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange

Accurate stock price prediction is considered complex;however, the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model has proven credible in various linear and non-linear methods of times series forecasting The Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) is the largest stock exchange in Africa with market capitalisation of over 850 billion USD The objective of the paper is to determine an optimal ARIMA model for forecasting share price index of the JSE The study used a three-step iterative quantitative approach in determining the optimal ARIMA model to be used in forecasting the share price index The study confirmed that the ARIMA (4, 1, 4) model is stable and most suitable model to forecast the stock price index of South Africa for the next two years
In pursuit of intercultural competence

This paper focuses on self-awareness as an integral component of intercultural competence (IC) in the English as a foreign language (EFL) context. For the purposes of this study, an EPortfolio of Intercultural Competence (EPIC) was developed by the researcher and employed during an intervention as a series of tasks and reflection prompts through various forms of media (written texts, drawings etc.). Triangulated qualitative data (in the form of EPIC entries and focus group interviews) were gathered from 56 participants, aged 14-15. The findings indicate that supporting pupils in raising their self-awareness may lead to deeper reflection on the Self as being multiple, which in turn may lead to the recognition of “multiple selves” of others (Rivers & Houghton, 2013, p. 2). The study contributes to the pool of research studying IC and grants insights into how an eportfolio approach might be integrated into EFL secondary teaching by encouraging learners to enrich their understanding of the Self through their reflections on EPIC tasks and classroom activities.
Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S)

Globally, mental health impairments have been described based on the fear of the infection generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to test the psychometric properties of the Spanish validation the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), which has been recently developed to measure fear quantitatively. Participants were recruited through an Internet-based survey. 1077 subjects were included. To establish construct validity, an exploratory factor analysis was performed using the KMO test, which was adequate, and the Bartlett sphericity test, which was significant (p <.0001). The CFI, NFI, GFI, TLI and RMSEA indices were used to evaluate the model and showed good adjustment. Cronbach’s alpha showed valid internal consistency (α=0.86). This validation is supported by significant correlation (p <.001) with the HADS scale for anxiety and depression and with the Fear Questionnaire scale for specific phobia. In conclusion, the Spanish version of the FCV-19S is a 7-item scale with two dimensions, psychological symptoms (items 1, 2, 4, and 5) and physiological symptoms (items 3, 6, and 7) with robust psychometric properties.
Metabolomics in cancer and cancer-associated inflammatory cells

Metabolomics is the last frontier of modern molecular biology, and the state-of-the-art technique for studying metabolism. Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy are the main analytical approaches in metabolomics. Cellular metabolism plays a pivotal role during cell resting and activation. Immune cells exhibit remarkable metabolic plasticity, fundamental to support their adaptation to inflammatory environments and functional requirements. Cancer is a metabolic and inflammatory disease. A metabolic shift is crucial for oncogenesis, tumor cell survival, invasion, metastasis, and the associated inflammatory process. The tumor microenvironment is mainly orchestrated by immune-inflammatory cells and essential for the neoplastic process. Inflammatory cells from tumor stroma adapt to different metabolic pathways during tumor progression, and this metabolic reprogramming affects macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, and others. Targeting the metabolism of tumor and immune cells may lead to important therapeutic implications in cancer. Thus, understanding the metabolic changes that drive the interactions between tumor and stromal cells is a promising avenue advances in cancer diagnostics and therapies, leading to more accurate guidance. In this review, we discuss the most recent metabolomics approaches in cancer studies on the tumor-associated inflammatory microenvironment.
A case study on Pokemon Go players and their experiences with online and offline social relations

Within the research field of game studies, an ongoing discussion is held between different scholars and their opposing opinions and statements concerning the impact of online gaming on gamer's sociability. This back and forth discussion on whether or not online gaming is perceived negatively or positively concerning one's social relations is hard to determine, due to the variety of contradictory opinions and research results. Moreover, with the launch of Pokemon Go in 2016, possible new perspectives to the discussion of gamer's sociability have been introduced. Due to the pervasive game structure of Pokemon Go and the incorporated use of augmented reality, online players are encouraged to enjoy the game in a new gaming environment. Due to pervasive gaming, online games are no longer bounded to an online gaming environment but can be practiced in the offline 'real' world. Due to this innovative change, the player's considered sociability has been questioned once more. Hence, the new setting in which pervasive games are enjoyed, and the encouragement of players to go outside, new social interactions amongst gamers has occurred in the outside offline sphere. Therefore, this case study research on Pokemon Go focuses on how Pokemon Go players in the Netherlands experience social relationships, both online and offline, through gameplay. Since Pokemon Go is a pervasive game, gamers can foster both online and offline relationships with other players. This form of online game is rather new and, therefore, underrepresented in academic research. According to a qualitative research design, twelve in-depth interviews were held to gain more understanding and insights into this new online gaming player sociability. Study shows that a more in-depth variation within the concept of gamer needs to be provided to answer the research question. Not every gamer has the same motivation, intention, and experiences. Therefore, a broader spectrum of the concept of gamer is given. Moreover, in Pokemon Go, online gaming has no negative impacts on player's offline sociability. Nevertheless, it can be seen as an improvement of gamer's offline social relationships. However, this is only applicable to players who have intrinsic motivations and interest in enlarging their social circles.
Impact of degradation on the above-ground biomass of plants composing the shrub layer of Djebel Zaghouan

The above-ground shrub biomasses were studied in a degradation sequence of Djebel Zaghouan. The plots of 25 and 400 m each were geolocated with a breakdown into three stages of degradation: degraded, moderately degraded and preserved. Mathematical models were developed for each species to determine the relationships of aboveground biomass as a function of biovolume and crown surface. Regression equations are of different types: logarithmic, power, polynomial, linear and exponential with high coefficient of determination (R2). The highest total phytomass was recorded at station 14 with an average production of 17.48t / ha and a significant degree of recovery of 61.13%. However, the lowest aerial phytomass was recorded in station 22 (0.561t / ha) with a recovery rate of 6%.
International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, Dec-2020 ISSN (2226-8235) Vol-9, Issue 12

this study aims to investigate the impact of Chinese FDI on infrastructure development in selected African countries. The empirical analysis estimates by using a panel data approach for a set of African countries spanning from 2003-15. These empirical estimation has been carried out through fixed effects technique. The findings of the study reveal that, Chinese investment has a positive impact on infrastructure development in the sample countries. Based on study findings, it is safely concluded that Chinese investment and infrastructure quality move parallel in the sample countries.
Chemical Variation in the Essential Oil of Salvia leriifolia Benth. in Response to Organic and Biological Fertilizers

In order to study the effect of application of organic and biological fertilizers on leaf dry weight (LDW), essential oils content (EO), and composition of Salvia leriifolia Benth. , a factorial experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design with three replications and 10 treatments. The experiment was performed at Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Mashhad- Iran, during two growing seasons (2014-2015 and 2015-2016). The treatments consisted of five levels of organic fertilizers [control (C0), compost 10 ton. ha-1 (C10) compost 20 ton. ha-1 (C20), vermicompost three ton. ha-1 (V3) and vermicompost six ton. ha-1 (V6)] and Pseudomonas putida biofertilizer in two levels [Inoculation (S1) and without inoculation (S0)]. The results indicated that the highest LDW (1470 kg. ha-1 ) in the second year was obtained in C20S1, which increased by 47%, compared to C0S0, respectively. The EO in both growing seasons was not affected by the treatments. However, the application of 20 ton. ha-1 of compost caused the EO yield was significantly higher than other treatments, except V6. A significant increase in LDW caused the highest EO yield of 5.0 and 5.9 kg. ha-1 was obtained in C20S0 treatment in first and second growing seasons, respectively, which increased by 60% compared to the control (C0S0). The results showed that out of 99.9% of EO compounds, 95.6% including 33 identified compounds and only 4.2% contained other compounds. The valuable compounds of β-pinene (26.3%), 1,8-cineole (14.8%), α-pinene (13.8%) and Borneol (4.8%) have the highest percentage of EO compounds in the studied treatments. Organic fertilizer treatments had no significant effect on the four main compounds of S. leriifolia EO but increased Guaiol, epi-α-eudesmol and δ-cadinol compared with control. The highest percent of Guaiol (2.3) and epi-α- eudesmol (3.2) were obtained in V6S1, respectively, which increased by 68% and 178% compared with control. Also, bacterial inoculation showed a significant difference with non-inoculation in Guaiol and epi-α- eudesmol using V6S1 treatment. Despite the increase in the percentage of these compounds, some of the EO compounds significantly decreased with the application of vermicompost treatments. Accordingly, Sabinene, epi-α-bisabolol compounds in V6S0 were decreased by 116% and 52%, respectively, and Terpinene-4-ol and cis-sabinol compounds in V3S0 decreased by 21% and 19%, respectively, compared with control. Finally, the application of organic fertilizers had different effects on the S. leriifolia EO components, but the percent and amounts of all four main components were not affected by treatments.
Chronicling Chronicling 100 Years 100 Years of the of the U.S. Economy U.S. Economy The Revisions to Gross Domestic Product, Gross Domestic Income, and Their Major Components

Now more than ever, the private sector and policymakers rely on the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPAs) to provide a timely, comprehensive, and accurate picture of the condition of the U.S. economy to inform economic decisions. The two featured measures in this study, gross domestic product (GDP) and gross domestic income (GDI), are the two most used measures to assess a country's economic pulse, and that is why, throughout this study, we systematically analyze GDP and GDI data releases in search of possible ways to improve the methods by which we aggregate and report data at different frequencies and in different sectors of the economy.
Relation between first lactation milk yield and functional traits in dairy cows

The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between first lactation milk yield (FLMY) and age at first calving (AFC), longevity and productive life in dairy cows. The study covered 944 Holstein cows housed in 5 dairy cattle farms in Bulgaria. All cows from the five farms culled in the period 2012 2018 with FLMY data were included. The average AFC for all culled cows included in the study was relatively high for the Holstein-Friesian breed 29.75 months. The average FLMY of the herds included in the study was 7,660.94 kg with significant herd variation from 5,899.09 kg to 8,646.0 kg. Significant effect of the herd (P < 0.001), AFC and the associated effect of the herd and AFC (P < 0.05) on the average FLMY were found. The highest FLMY was reported in primiparous with AFC of 28 30 months -7,860.8 kg, and the lowest in those with AFC 24 months 7322.8 kg. In the herd with the lowest average FLMY 5,899.09 kg 27.5% of the heifers had calved at age over 34 months. A statistically significant effect of AFC (P < 0.001) was found on longevity, whereas the productive life was significantly influenced by FLMY (P < 0.05). A tendency for higher longevity for cows with higher AFC of 34 37 months and over 37 months 5.9 and 5.8 years, respectively was observed. The lowest were the longevity values for cows calved at age up to 24 months 4.9 years. The cows with the lowest average FLMY (up to 4,000 kg) had the shortest productive. Both very low and high AFC were associated with lower first lactation cow productivity and shorter productive life. The losses for farmers were greater when keeping a high AFC in heifers, which increases the cost for housing them, and the lower productivity and longer productive life reduce the probability.
Permselective and Preconcentration Properties of a Surfactant-Intercalated Clay Modified Electrode

b Departement de Chimie, Facultedes Sciences, Universitede Dschang, B. P. 67 Dschang, Cameroun Abstract This work is focused on the voltammetric examination of the ion exchange properties of a smectite type clay, before and after its modification by the replacement of its native interlamellar cations (Na þ ,K þ ,C a 2þ ) by hexadecyl- trimethylammonium cations (HDTMA þ ). The raw clay and its organically modified form were first characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and N2 adsorption - desorption isotherms (BET method) that confirmed the modification via an intercalation process. These materials were subsequently coated onto glassy carbon surfaces, and the resulting modified electrodes were evaluated for the uptake of (Ru(NH3)6) 3þ and (Fe(CN)6) 3� ions used as redox probes. Some experimental parameters affecting the incorporation of the probes within the film, including the ionic strength, the surfactant loading and the solution pH are thoroughly examined, in order to highlight the mechanism of the process. The possibility of using the surfactant-intercalated clay modified electrode as an electrochemical sensor for (Fe(CN)6) 3�