Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Indigenous Perspectives on Private Protected Areas in Chile

ABSTRACT: It is no longer conventional nor desirable practice for protected area managers to disregard the needs and desires of indigenous people. Several frameworks attempting to identify the roots of indigenous-external conservation actor conflict have emerged in recent decades. The rise of private protected areas (PPAs), however, is yet to be fully represented in these frameworks. We conducted interviews with Mapuche leaders and community members at three PPA sites in Chile's Los Ríos region to explore how they perceived PPAs and their social impacts. Our analysis suggests Mapuche were not resisting constraints on resource rights and use created by Chile's property-rights system. Informants, particularly community leaders and elders, adopted a deliberate and cautious approach to relationship building with PPA administrations, perhaps because of a Mapuche history negotiating colonialism, corporate exploitation, political marginalization, environmental degradation, and capitalism. Our results suggest that to be inclusive of PPAs in Los Ríos, future conflict frameworks should attend less to the notion of controlling territories and people and more on how private property regimes inhibit park-people partnerships, what global and state mechanisms contribute to conflict at the local level, and how locals respond to PPA creation.
Racialized Discourse in Seattle Rental Ad Texts

Abstract:Racial discrimination has been a central driver of residential segregation for many decades, in the Seattle area as well as in the United States as a whole. In addition to redlining and restrictive housing covenants, housing advertisements included explicit racial language until 1968. Since then, housing patterns have remained racialized, despite overt forms of racial language and discrimination becoming less prevalent. In this paper, we use Structural Topic Models (STM) and qualitative analysis to investigate how contemporary rental listings from the Seattle-Tacoma Craigslist page differ in their description based on neighborhood racial composition. Results show that listings from White neighborhoods emphasize trust and connections to neighborhood history and culture, while listings from non-White neighborhoods offer more incentives and focus on transportation and development features, sundering these units from their surroundings. Without explicitly mentioning race, these listings display racialized neighborhood discourse that might impact neighborhood decision-making in ways that contribute to the perpetuation of housing segregation.
The effect of supermarket service quality dimensions and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty and disloyalty dimensions

This paper aims to examine the effect of service quality dimensions and customer satisfaction on customer repurchase intention, word-of-mouth, complaining behaviour and price sensitivity, as well as the effect of service quality dimensions on customer satisfaction. ,A public intercept survey collected data from 480 supermarket customers. Statistical package for the social sciences was used to provide descriptive and inferential analysis. ,Results reveal the predominance and magnitude of effect of empathy positively on customer satisfaction, customer repurchase intention and word-of-mouth, and negatively on customer complaining behaviour and price sensitivity. Customer satisfaction also significantly affects these customer loyalty and disloyalty dimensions. ,This research was conducted in the supermarket sector of only one country. ,Insights have been provided to increase customer satisfaction and customer loyalty outcomes, and negate customer disloyalty outcomes, in the supermarket sector. ,This study provides suggestions to supermarket executives regarding the significance of empathetic, customer-oriented behaviour by front-line supermarket service employees.
Clinical, Biochemical and Histopathlogical Alteration in Broiler Chickens Experimentally Infected with H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus During Aflatoxicosis

The present study reveal the role of aflatoxicosis in affecting the performance traits of broiler chickens which appear in the adverse effect on the lower weight gain and disturbed liver function and its pathological effect on liver and kidney tissues. On other hand the infection with H9N2 influenza virus during aflatoxicosis can lead to increase the severity of signs, lesions and histopathological effect leading to higher mortalities than H9N2 virus infection alone.
Origin of Sn(ii) oxidation in tin halide perovskites

Tin-halide perovskites have great potential as photovoltaic materials, but their performance is hampered by undesirable oxidation of Sn(II) to Sn(IV). In this work, we use nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) to identify and describe the origins of Sn(IV) in Sn-based perovskites, mainly focusing on direct measurements of Sn oxidation states with 119Sn-NMR in solid-state and solution. We find that dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), a typical solvent for Sn-based perovskites, oxidizes Sn(II) in acidic conditions under temperatures used for film annealing. We propose a redox reaction between DMSO and Sn(II), catalyzed by hydroiodic acid, with iododimethylsulfonium iodide intermediate. We find that lower temperatures and less acidic conditions abate this reaction, and we assess a range of compositions and solution components for this instability. These results suggest the need for strategies to prevent this reaction and shed light on other solution instabilities beyond Sn(IV) that must be mitigated to achieve high-performance lead-free perovskites.
CARMUSTINE LOADED NANOSIZE LIPID VESICLES SHOWED PREFERENTIAL CYTOTOXICITY AND INTERNALIZATION IN U87MG CELL LINE ALONG WITH IMPROVED PHARMACOKINETIC PROFILE IN MICE: A STRATEGY FOR TREATMENT OF GLIOMA

Objective: Successful treatment of glioma still remains a tough challenge. The present study aims at the development and evaluation of carmustine loaded nanosize phospholipid vesicles (CNLVs) for the treatment of glioma. Methods: The experimental NLVs were developed by conventional lipid layer hydration technique and were characterized by different in vitro tools such as diffraction light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), in vitro drug loading capacity, drug release study etc. In vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of the optimized drug-loaded NLVs were carried out in U87MG human glioblastoma cell line. In vivo pharmacokinetic study was conducted in Swiss albino mice. Results: DLS data showed an average vesicle diameter of 92 nm with narrow size distribution. Optimized CNLVs were spherical in shape with a smooth surface as depicted from FESEM data. Cryo-TEM study confirmed formation of unilamellar vesicles with intact outer bilayer. A reasonable drug loading of 7.8 % was reported for the optimized CNLVs along with a sustained release of CS over a 48 h study period. In vitro cytotoxicity assay revealed a considerable higher toxicity of CNLVs than free drugs in the U87MG cells. Confocal microscopy showed a satisfactory internalization of the optimized drug-loaded NLVs in the tested cell line. Pharmacokinetic data demonstrated an enhanced mean residence time of optimized CNLVs in blood than free drug. Conclusion: Results depicted the potential of experimental CNLVs for the treatment of glioma after further in vivo tests.
A generalized common‐ground single‐switch continuous input‐current boost converter favourable for DC microgrids

The conventional DC‑DC converters have limited voltage gain at moderate duty cycles. In theory, the large duty cycles should be adopted to reach large boosting factors. But in reality, at extreme duty cycles, the effect of parasitic components become dominant, which leads to increased voltage drops on devices, increased total loss and reduced efficiency. This paper proposes a single‐switch (requiring single gate‐driver circuit) diode‐inductor‐capacitor (DLC) cell‐based basic boost configuration that can solve the abovementioned issues. The employment of single‐switch has led to only two operational modes (in continuous conduction mode [CCM]) and easy control strategy. The continuous input‐current and large step‐up capability make the proposed configuration favourable for renewable or hybrid energy systems in DC microgrids. The simple configuration, modularity, moderate blocking voltage on semiconductors, wide duty‐cycle range, large voltage gains at low duty cycles, common‐ground between source and load are some profits of suggested configuration. The basic topology can be expanded by addition of DLC cells. Based on comparative analysis, the proposed configuration has larger step‐up capability per required components and lesser average normalized blocking voltage on semiconductors compared with other single‐switch topologies. This leads to smaller and cheaper structure with fewer losses. The configuration and operational modes of proposed basic topology (and its extended version) have been explained. Then, the design considerations and small‐signal modelling of basic topology have been investigated. Finally, the effectiveness and correct operation of proposed topology have been certified by comparative analysis and experimental results.
Budget based bonus, budget emphasis, budget gaming, and the impact on budget value

The issue of budget value has received attention and criticism from many researchers, especially that the budget value is not aligned with the sacrifices made in the budgeting process. The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of budget-based bonus and budget emphasis towards budget gaming and its implications on budget value. A questionnaire survey was used for data collection and was collected by personal and online (via email/link) to managers who have joined the Indonesian Management Association. Non-probability sampling method was used for the sample selection. A total of 286 data were collected and could be analyzed. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Square. The results show that budget emphasis affects budget gaming and also affects budget value. But budget-based bonus has no effect neither towards gaming budget nor budget value. This research enriches the budgeting literature especially for the context in Indonesia and enriches the findings of budget practices in the world. The results contribute to practitioners in making decisions, such as modifying the budget, leaving the budget, or continuing to run the budget. The design of a budget system that has more value-added to the company is an important implication of this research. JEL Classification: M2, M40, M41 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v24i3. 4236
Treatment of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Dysfunction With Angiotensin II in High-Renin Septic Shock

Endothelial dysfunction is common in septic shock and has been shown to impair angiotensin converting enzyme and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Dysregulation of this pathway, which can be measured with plasma renin activity (PRA), is important not only because RAAS dysfunction is associated with increased mortality but also because treatment with angiotensin II (Ang-2) has been shown to decrease mortality. In this case series of 2 patients, serial PRA levels identified septic shock patients with RAAS dysfunction. The patients were treated with Ang-2, an angiotensin type 1 receptor agonist, which resulted in significant improvements in hemodynamics and PRA levels during treatment.
CONTRIBUTION OF DEFECTIVE CYTOTOXICITY TO DEVELOPMENT OF CANINE HEMOPHAGOCYTIC HISTIOCYTIC SARCOMA

CONTRIBUTION OF DEFECTIVE CYTOTOXICITY TO DEVELOPMENT OF CANINE HEMOPHAGOCYTIC HISTIOCYTIC SARCOMA Michal Neta Advisor: University of Guelph, 2011 Professor Robert M. Jacobs Canine Hemophagocytic Histiocytic Sarcoma (CHHS) is an aggressive neoplasm of macrophages with local lymphocytic reaction. Similarities exist between CHHS and Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (FHL), a complex of histiocytic diseases in children, which is attributable to various defects in granule dependent killing (GDK). This led to the hypothesis that defective GDK compromises lymphocyte homeostasis and anti-tumor immunity which results in CHHS. The sequence of canine perforin, a key effector molecule of GDK, was determined by RT-PCR and RACE. Genomic DNA from healthy and CHHS-affected dogs was sequenced and analyzed, but mutations with functional implications were not identified. Subsequently, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) of CHHS were examined for GDK functionality. CHHS-TIL were compared to their functional counterparts in canine cutaneous histiocytoma (CCH), a benign histiocytic tumor in dogs, known to regress via lymphocytic reaction. To facilitate such comparison, functionality of CCH-TIL was studied by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy and quantified by image analysis applications. This provided novel insights regarding the physiology of TIL in tumor microenvironment and further characterizing CCH as a model for anti-tumor immunity. The comparison revealed a clear, and highly significant structural difference in polarization and degranulation of CHHS-TIL which likely hampers GDK. This defect is similar to several variants of FHL, an association further supported by comparison of clinical and laboratory manifestations of CHHS and FHL. This study suggests that CHHS is a promising natural model for investigating the pathogenesis of FHL, for studying granule polarization and degranulation and assessing the role of TIL in anti-cancer immunity.
Newly identified Jurassic–Cretaceous migmatites in the Liaodong Peninsula: unravelling a Mesozoic anatectic event related to the lithospheric thinning of the North China Craton

Abstract A suite of Jurassic–Cretaceous migmatites was newly identified in the Liaodong Peninsula of the eastern North China Craton (NCC). Anatexis is commonly associated with crustal thickening. However, the newly identified migmatites were formed during strong lithospheric thinning accompanied by voluminous magmatism and intense deformation. Field investigations show that the migmatites are spatially associated with low-angle detachment faults. Numerous leucosomes occur either as isolated lenses or thin layers (dykes), parallel to or cross-cutting the foliation. Peritectic minerals such as titanite and sillimanite are distributed mainly along the boundaries of reactant minerals or are accumulated along the foliation. Most zircons show distinct core–rim structures, and the rims have low Th/U ratios (0.01–0.24). Zircon U–Pb dating results indicate that the protoliths of the migmatites were either the Late Triassic (224–221 Ma) diorites or metasedimentary rocks deposited sometime after c. 1857 Ma. The zircon overgrowth rims record crystallization ages of 173–161 Ma and 125 Ma, which represent the formation time of leucosomes. These ages are consistent with those reported magmatic events in the Liaodong Peninsula and surrounding areas. The leucosomes indicate a strong anatectic event during the Jurassic–Cretaceous period. Partial melting occurred through the breakdown of muscovite and biotite with the presence of water-rich fluid under a thermal anomaly regime. The possible mechanism that caused the 173–161 Ma and 125 Ma anatectic events was intimately related to the regional crustal extension during the lithospheric thinning of the NCC. Meanwhile, the newly generated melts further weakened the rigidity of the crust and enhanced the extension.
Role of the SDF-1/CXCR4/eNOS Signaling Pathway in Chronic Kidney Disease

Loss of the renal microvasculature is a common feature of almost all forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here we explored the role of the angiogenic chemokine stromal cellderived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its cognate receptor CXCR4 in experimental and human CKD. CXCR4 was present on endothelial cells and podocytes, while SDF-1 was detectable on podocytes, arteriolar smooth muscle cells, interstitial fibroblasts and occasional endothelial cells. CXCR4 mRNA was elevated in the kidneys of rats with CKD and chronic antagonism of CXCR4 accelerated renal decline and capillary loss. Acute SDF-1 infusion activated glomerular endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in vivo, while functional response to SDF-1 was impaired in glomerular endothelial cells derived from eNOS -/mice. Finally, CXCR4 mRNA was also found to be increased in biopsies of patients with secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. These observations indicate that local eNOSdependent SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling exerts a compensatory reno-protective effect in the
Market Transition, Multidimensional Socioeconomic Status, and Health Disparities in Urban China

Synthesizing the theory of fundamental causes in the health literature with the stratification research on transitional economies, this paper investigates how the multidimensional socioeconomic status (SES), especially education and communist party membership, is associated with three self-rated health outcomes in urban China. Using data from the 2013 Chinese General Social Survey, we find that party membership is associated with better self-rated health, higher health-related quality of life and work, and lower levels of self-rated depression, whereas the effect of education is somewhat more elusive than it usually is in Western societies. Our findings suggest that the effects of socioeconomic indicators are better understood by being contextualized in a sociopolitical environment. It is also fruitful to include both global (education, income, employment status, and subjective SES) and local measures of SES (party membership and housing ownership) in exploring their associations with health in the world’s largest transitional society.
Etude Phytochimique de Senna occidentalis (L.) Link et Cissus quadrangularis (Linn) deux Plantes Médicinales Gabonaises Utilisées Contre la Filaire Loa Loa

Objectif : Cette etude avait pour objectif de valoriser deux plantesmedicinales utilisees au Gabon pour traiter la filaire Loa loa. Materiels etMethodes : Les poudres des feuilles de Senna occidentalis et des tiges etfeuilles de Cissus quadrangularis ont ete soumis a une successiond’extractions par des solvants de polarites croissantes (cyclohexane,dichloromethane, methanol et l’eau demineralisee). Un criblagephytochimique qualitatif a ete effectue en utilisant la methode standard baseesur desreactions de colorations et/ou de precipitations. Resultats: lesresultatsrevelent la predominance des sucres totaux, des alcaloides, et des phenols danstous les extraits. Les des tanins cathechiques, les sucres reducteurs, et lesflavonoides sur de nombreux extraits testes. Les tanins galliques et les coumarines sont retrouves dans quelques extraits. Tres peu de quinones, detriterpenes ou sterols dans les deux plantes. Conclusions : Certainsmetabolites secondaires ont deja prouve leurs activites filaricides. La richesseen composes chimiques presents dans ces plantes medicinales etudiees,justifierait leur utilisation. Cependant, l’evaluation des activites biologiquessur la filariose a Loa loa ainsi que leur toxicite reste a explorer. Objective: This study aimed to valorize two medicinal plants usedagainst Loa loa filarial in Gabon. Material and Methods: Powders of leavesof Senna occidentalis and stems and leaves of Cissus quadrangularis wereproposal to successive extractions by solvents with increasing polarities (cyclohexan, dichloromethan, methanol and demineralized water). QualitativePhytochemistry screening was established using the standard color and/orprecipitation reactions. Results: The results reveal the predominance of totalsugar, alkaloids, and phenols in all extracts. Cathechic tannins, reducing sugar,and flavonoids on many extracts were tested. Gallic tannins and coumarins arefound in some extracts. They are very few quinones, triterpenes or sterols inthe two species. Conclusion: Some secondary metabolites have provedfilaricide activities already. The abundance of chemical compounds present inthese medicinal plants would justify their usage. However, the evaluation ofbiological activities on the Loa loa filarial along with toxicity remainsunexplored.
The on-farm diversity of maize cultivars and landraces in the Lacandon region of Chiapas, Mexico

The loss of maize landraces is of major global concern. Landraces provide the genetic building blocks for the development of high yielding pest- and drought-tolerant maize varieties, and their loss reduces the capacity to adapt to changing environmental conditions. The extinction of maize landraces is an incidental effect of the planting decisions of farmers. Although maize landraces are important both as a staple food and the source of traditional specialty foods required in particular cultural events and ceremonies, they are frequently displaced by high-yielding cultivars. The study considers the factors influencing on-farm maize diversity in the Lacandon tropical forest in the Mexican state of Chiapas. Using a censored regression model fitted with cross-sectional household farmer data, the factors behind crop choices was investigated, paying particular attention to the relation between crop diversity, wealth, and income transfers. It was found that maize diversity bears a non-monotonic relation to wealth, but is positively associated with both agricultural subsidies and poverty support. Key words: Crop choice, crop diversity, Lacandon forest, maize diversity, poverty, on-farm conservation, Mexico, censored regression.
WHY AND HOW TO INVOLVE PURCHASING IN NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT?

In new product development (NPD) firms increasingly have to rely on external expertise from suppliers. However, results of early supplier integration have been found to be ambiguous. This research empirically tests the hypothesis that the participation of professional purchasing agents early on in the supplier integration process plays a decisive role to distinguish successful projects. Our sample gave evidence that early supply management integration positively moderated supplier involvement’s effect on firm success. Hence, firms may benefit from avoiding supplier integration without professional purchasing management. Still, in many firms the procurement department is not yet integrated in NPD processes early on. Our research identifies four measures those firms applied, in which purchasing got fully embedded in the innovation process: top-management support, structural differentiation, explicit processes, and a collaborative corporate culture. This finding can serve as blue print for implementing purchasing integration and therewith improve the success of supplier integration in NPD.
Integrated Reporting and Agency Costs: International Evidence from Voluntary Adopters

We examine whether the practice of integrated reporting (IR) can reduce agency problems between managers and investors, resulting in lower agency costs. We construct a sample of firms that voluntarily use IR in practice, drawn from 35 countries, and find that firms that apply IR practice more extensively (high IR firms) are associated with lower levels of agency costs and more negative year-to-year changes in agency costs compared to other IR firms (low IR firms). We also find that the relation between the level of IR practice and agency costs is more negative in countries with a stakeholder orientation than in countries with a shareholder orientation. Additionally, the effectiveness of IR is more pronounced in diversified firms that face greater agency problems. Our results are robust in a series of additional tests that address endogeneity. Overall, our evidence is consistent with IR having a disciplining role for managers.