Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energetics of burrowing, running, and free‐living in the Namib Desert golden mole (Eremitalpa namibensis)

The Namib Desert golden mole (Eremitalpa granti namibensis) is a small (c. 20 g), blind, sand-swimming, chrysochlorid insectivore that inhabits the sand dunes of one of the driest and least productive areas of the world. Its food, largely termites, is sparse and occurs in widely distributed patches, and free water is unavailable. The moles forage by running on the surface and burrowing below the sand. We estimated their daily energy expenditure in the field to be 11.8 kJ d-1 by constructing a ‘distance-energy budget’ based on measurements of tracks in the sand and the energy cost of running (4.2 kJ d-1), burrowing (3.2 kJ d-1), and resting (4.4 kJ d-1). We also measured field metabolic rate (12.5 kJ d-1) and water turnover (2.3 ml d-1) independently with doubly-labelled water. The resting metabolic rate (0.5 ml O2 g-1 h-1 at 35 °C) is about a fifth of that predicted for a normal insectivorous mammal, and the daily field energy expenditure and water turnover are about a half. The low daily energy expenditure stems mainly from the low resting metabolic rate, which is associated with low body temperatures and metabolic depression. Moles save more energy during foraging by running on the surface of the sand, rather than burrowing under it. The gross energy cost of sand-swimming (80 J m-1) is 26 times more expensive than running on the surface (3.0 J m-1), but is less than a tenth of the energy required by mammals that tunnel through compact soil. Nevertheless, it would be energetically impossible for the moles to obtain enough food by foraging only underground at our study site. The mean track length was 1.4 km, but only 16 m of it was below the surface. There is evidence that the track length and fraction underground depend on food abundance which is influenced by rainfall.
Linseed Improvement Through Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis

Extent of genetic variability and interrelationship among agronomic traits were estimated in a set of eight linseed genotypes. Heritability was 82 to 89% for plant height, number of capsules plant -1 , 1000 seed weight and seed yield plant -1 . Except plant height all the traits were positively and significantly associated with seed yield. Seed yield plant -1 had highly significant positive correlation with number of branches plant -1 , number of capsules plant -1 , significant with 1000 seed weight and nonsignificant negative correlation with plant height. Path coefficient analysis revealed highest direct effect of number of capsules plant -1 followed by plant height, 1000 seed weight and number of branches plant -1 on seed yield. Hybridization programme involving genotypes of higher mean values viz; LS-77, LS-83 and LS-72 may generate desirable recombinants provided single plants would be selected on the basis of number of capsules plant -1 and seed yield plant -1 in early segregating generations.
Capacity of ensilage of Jatropha curcas L. cake to degrade forbol esters

The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of the ensilage of Jatropha curcas L. expeller cake to reduce the phorbol esters and its effect on fermentative losses, by adding soluble carbohydrates or microbial inoculants. The design was completely randomized with four replications in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, with three sources of soluble carbohydrates (SC, control, 50 g sucrose/kg or 50 g crude glycerin/kg as fed) and two doses of microbial inoculants (MI, 0 or 5 × 105 ufc Lactobacillus plantarum + 3.33 × 105 ufc Propionibacterium per g as fed). Twenty-four mini-silos (982 cm3) of polyvinyl chloride were created and opened after 60 days of fermentation at room temperature. The pre-hydrated Jatropha curcas L. cake (282 g of water/kg) contained 0.424 mg of phorbol esters/g of dry matter. Ensiling reduced the phorbol esters in 47.4%, on average, regardless of the SC or MI. There was no interaction effect between SC and MI on effluent, gases or total dry matter losses. However, both losses were increased when SC were added, and it was higher with glycerin that than sucrose. The addition of MI reduced all fermentation losses. The process of ensiling, although partially to reduce the phorbol esters of pre-hydrated Jatropha curcas L. cake, is not indicated as a biodestoxification procedure.
Analysis of Service Quality and Value Effect on Patient Satisfaction and Its Effect on Loyalty of Hospital Patients in Hospital and Children of Pucuk Permata Hati

The development of private hospitals is competing to improve the quality of its services in order to increase the number of patient visits to hospitals. RSIA Pucuk Permata Hati is no exception, as a private hospital that has only been around for 2 years and is required to work extra to improve patient visits. One of them is to improve the quality of service and increase the value of the Hospital so as to create patient satisfaction and loyalty as the ultimate goal. The population in this study were 100 inpatients at RSIA Pucuk Permata Hati and using convenience sampling techniques. The data analysis technique used is path analysis (path analysis) which previously tested the instrument (validity and reliability), classic assumption test (normality, multicollinearity and outliers). The results of the data analysis showed that the quality of service had a positive and significant effect on the satisfaction at RSIA Pucuk Permata Hati Permata Hati. Values ​​have a positive and significant influence on patient satisfaction. Service quality has a positive but not significant effect on loyalty. Value has a positive and significant effect on loyalty. Consumer power (patients) has a positive and significant effect on loyalty.
Marital Satisfaction During Retirement

Marriage/commitment and retirement are two common experiences in an adult’s life. Marital satisfaction and retirement have been researched in multiple disciplines. The relationship between these two constructs has not been as widely researched. The purpose of this study was to determine whether retirement has an impact on marital satisfaction. Quantitative methods and analyses were used. The variables used accounted for 83% of the variance of satisfaction. Limitations and implications are provided to inform marriage and family pedagogy and practice.
Zero forcing based sphere decoder for generalized spatial modulation systems

To reduce the number of radio frequency (RF) chains in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems, generalized spatial modulation (GSM) techniques have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, we propose a zero‐forcing (ZF)‐based detector, which performs an initial pruning of the search tree that will be considered as the initial condition in a sphere decoding (SD) algorithm. The proposed method significantly reduces the computational complexity of GSM systems while achieving a near maximum likelihood (ML) performance. We analyze the performance of the proposed method and provide an analytic performance difference between the proposed method and the ML detector. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed method is very close to that of the ML detector, while achieving a significant computational complexity reduction in comparison with the conventional SD method, in terms of the number of visited nodes. We also present some simulations to assess the accuracy of our theoretical results.
Ventilator associated pneumonia: incidence and risk factors in a tertiary care hospital

Background: The objective of this study is to find the occurrence and contributing risk factor of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in 2 months-5 years age group.Methods: This was a prospective, observational, hospital-based study carried out in a tertiary care setting hospital. All patients between 2 months-5 years age admitted in the ICU who had undergone MV were included in the study. Inclusion criteria includes patients who developed pneumonia after the 48 hours of mechanical ventilation and those patients were excluded who developed pneumonia within 48 hours of mechanical ventilation and having respiratory system findings /involvement prior to the MV. After recruiting patients baseline clinical characteristics (age, sex, diagnosis, duration of MV) were taken, monitored and diagnosed VAP using CDC guidelines until they were discharged or deceased. The parameters such as fever, oxygenation, leucocytosis, other risk factors. chest X-ray and ETA>105CFU/ML or microscopy (grain stain>l bacteria/>10 polymorphonuclear cells) were collected every 48 hours.Results: This study was done in 133 patients while 42 patients (31.58%) developed VAP during their ICU stay. Early onset VAP occurred in 34 (80.9%) while late onset VAP was observed in the remaining 8 (19.1%) patients. In ETA culture CFU>105 Klebsiella (38%) was the predominant isolate followed by Pseudomonas (23%), Acinetobacter (17%), Staphylococcus (13%) and Citrobacter (10%) are offending organism responsible for VAP in MV patient in present study. On analysis (univariate) reintubation, altered sensorium at intubation and use of antacid are found significantly associated risk factors with the development of VAP. Multivariate analysis revealed that reintubation was an important risk factor for the development of the VAP.Conclusions: The various risk factors can be minimized for better outcome of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Risk factors such as reintubation, altered sensorium at intubation and use of antacid are associated with VAP and also the physician treating must have knowledge and awareness about prevention of these risk factor to improve the outcome of patients.
Neutrophilic Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria in the Ocean: Their Habitats, Diversity, and Roles in Mineral Deposition, Rock Alteration, and Biomass Production in the Deep-Sea

The importance of metals to life has long been appreciated. Iron (Fe) is the fourth most abundant element overall, and the second most abundant element that is redox-active in near-surface aqueous habitats, rendering it the most important environmental metal. While it has long been recognized that microorganisms participate in the global iron cycle, appreciation for the pivotal role that redox cycling of iron plays in energy conservation among diverse prokaryotes has grown substantially in the past decade. In addition, redox reactions involving Fe are linked to several other biogeochemical cycles (e.g., carbon), with significant ecological ramifications. The increasing appreciation for the role of microbes in redox transformations of Fe is reflected in a recent surge in biological and environmental studies of microorganisms that conserve energy for growth from redox cycling of Fe compounds, particularly in the deep ocean. Here we highlight some of the key habitats where microbial Fe-oxidation plays significant ecological and biogeochemical roles in the oceanic regime, and provide a synthesis of recent studies concerning this important physiological group. We also provide the first evidence that microbial Fe-oxidizing bacteria are a critical factor in the kinetics of mineral dissolution at the seafloor, by accelerating dissolution by 6–8 times over abiotic rates. We assert that these recent studies, which indicate that microbial Fe-oxidation is widespread in the deep-sea, combined with the apparent role that this group play in promoting rock and mineral weathering, indicate that a great deal more attention to these microorganisms is warranted in order to elucidate the full physiological and phylogenetic diversity and activity of the neutrophilic Fe-oxidizing bacteria in the oceans.
Some Effects of Dwarf Growth on Wood Structure

The effects of dwarf growth on wood structure, especially on element length, are described for 13 species of artificially induced or naturally occurring dwarf trees. In all cases element length is reduced, but there is no close correlation between the precise growth rate and the amount of length reduction. Conifers appear to show the greatest response. In the hardwood species studied, vessel frequency is higher and vessel diameter lower in dwarfs than in normal trees.
Isolation of Avian and Mammalian Pineal Indoles and Antigonadotropic Factors

With mild extraction and separation methods it was possible to locate and isolate, starting with 100 or 200 g of pineal tissue, different indoles, with mass spectra identical to those of synthetic melatonin, 5-HIAA and 5-MIAA. It was also possible to isolate fractions, which showed, in thin-layer chromatographic studies, spots with Rf values identical to those of synthetic 5-HTL and 5-MTL. A ”non-melatonin“ antigonadotropin, in an in vivo bioassay, was also isolated from sheep pineals and partially purified. Antigonadotropic and gonadotropic activities, which differ from the above described indoles, could be located with the same methods. Some of these compounds acted on the hypothalamus, while others acted on the anterior hypophysis in vitro .
Home range and territory of the Sardinian Warbler Sylvia melanocephala in Mediterranean shrubland

Capsule Singing territories were well separated. Aims To examine the spatial distribution of Sardinian Warbler males during the breeding period in Mediterranean shrubland and, specifically, their territories, home ranges and spatial overlaps. Methods We studied a 12-ha plot of Mediterranean shrubland in the 1997 to 1999 breeding seasons. Sardinian Warblers were captured using mist-nets, colour-ringed and their territories mapped. In 1999, seven breeding males were radiotracked in order to map home ranges. Results The Sardinian Warbler had an average of 7.3 breeding pairs/10 ha in the study plot. The mean territory size was 8779 m2 and the mean home range was 22 321 m2. A positive relationship was found between the area of the home range and singing territory. Home ranges of males born in 1998 were about half the size of those of the oldest males. Paired males who moved with a female had smaller home ranges than those that were either unpaired or whose mate was incubating. The degree of home range overlap was high with some overlap between neighbouring territories. The estimate of home range area increased by 10% when the information generated by a mapping method was added and the estimated territory area increased by 31% when data generated by radiotracking were added. Transmitters remained attached to birds for an average of 9.63 ± 3.46 days (mean ± se). Conclusions Singing territories were segregated to a considerable degree. In contrast, the wide overlaps among home ranges was best explained by the presence of food resources that the males exploit at the same time and also by the search for extra-pair copulation in nearby territories. We consider radiotracking in this species to be feasible and valid, with no evidence of negative effects on activity levels, weight or mortality.
Phenolic acid content, antioxidant properties, and antibacterial potential of flowers and fruits from selected Pakistani indigenous medicinal plants

Biological evaluation of Lantana camara and Justicia adhatoda, belonging to the medicinal plant families Verbenaceae and Acanthaceae, respectively, was performed. Both plants contain a very good range of phenolic compounds (20.5 1.9-80.9 4.1 mg GAE/g of dry extract). HPLC analysis of Justicia adhatoda flower and fruit extract showed a broad profile of phenolic acids such as p-hydroxy benzoic acid, syringic acid, gallic acid, and quercetin in substantial amounts. The antioxidant study showed moderate to good ability to inhibit linoleic acid peroxidation and to scavenge DPPH free radicals (67.5 4.7 to 80.4 3.0% and 71.3 3.8 to 85.9 2.0%, respectively). The antibacterial study reflected good antibacterial potential. This study showed that extracts of flowers and fruits of both plants grown in Soon Skaser Valley, Pakistan have a strong potential to scavenge free radicals and may be used to develop functional food and herbal medicines to treat oxidative stress diseases and bacterial infections.
Attachment Style, Marital Satisfaction, and Mutual Support Attachment Style in Qatar

This study assessed, for the first time, the relationship between security attachment and marital satisfaction in an Arab country, Qatar. Accordingly, we used the marital satisfaction assessment, the Experiences in Close Relationships Revised attachment style questionnaire, and the Goldsmith Support Measure. Using a path analysis model, the results showed that secured attachment style positively influenced marital satisfaction but did not positively influence mutual support in a relationship. Unsecure attachment styles negatively influenced the level of mutual support and marital satisfaction. Importantly, the findings revealed a gender effect, with females receiving less mutual support from their male partners, than vice versa. We discuss the importance of these results in the context of Arab culture and gender differences.
Occurrence of heavy metals and antibiotic resistance in bacteria from internal organs of american bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) raised in Malaysia

A total of 40 bacteria have been successfully isolated from internal organs of the American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) raised in Malaysia, namely, eight isolates of Aeromonas spp. , 21 of Edwardsiella spp. , six of Flavobacterium spp. and five of Vibrio spp. In terms of antibiotic susceptibility testing, each isolate was tested against 21 antibiotics, resulting in 482 (57.3%) cases of sensitivity and 61 (7.3%) cases of partial sensitivity. Meanwhile, 297 (35.4%) bacterial isolates were registered as resistant. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of each bacterial species indicated that bacteria from raised bullfrogs have been exposed to tested antibiotics with results ranging from 0.27 to 0.39. Additionally, high percentages of heavy metal resistance among these isolates were observed, with values ranging from 85.0 to 100.0%. The current results provided us information on bacterial levels of locally farmed bullfrogs exposed to copper, cadmium, chromium as well as 21 types of antibiotics.
Effects of Swim Speed and Activity Pattern on Success of Adult Sockeye Salmon Migration through an Area of Difficult Passage

Abstract We used electromyogram telemetry to examine swim speeds and passage success for 12 adult sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka migrating through Hell's Gate, a reach in the Fraser River canyon that is notorious for creating conditions that impede salmon migrations. Fishways exist in one segment; however, the approach immediately downstream of the fishways is also very challenging to migration. Average swim speeds (in body lengths per second; BL/s) were slower (P = 0.017) and residency times shorter (P = 0.058) in the approach for fish that successfully entered the fishways (mean = 1.85 BL/s, SE = 0.71; mean = 34.57 min, SE = 17.39; n = 7) compared with those of fish that were unsuccessful (mean = 4.23 BL/s, SE = 0.85; mean = 1,742 min, SE = 1,367; n = 5). Migrant-specific swim-speed patterns revealed that fish alternated at different time scales between relatively fast and slow speeds. Continuous swimming at greater than maximum sustained speeds (Ucrit) never exceeded 3 min in the case of any of the .
COLLEMBOLAN FAUNA OF RAJSHAHI UNIVERSITY CAMPUS

Collembola are small soil dwelling apterygot (wingless) arthropod which are found all over the world and in a great variety of habitats, from seashore to the highest peaks of the mountains. There are over six thousands described collembolan species in about 500 genera worldwide. In this study 72 and 52 individuals belonging to the genera Rambutsinella and Entomobrya (Collembola: Entomobryidae), respectively were identified. Perhaps this constitutes the first report on collembolan in Bangladesh. Key words: Collembola; taxonomy; Entomobryidae; Rambutsinella; Entomobrya DOI: 10.3329/jles.v5i0. 7347 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 5: 33-35, 2010
Innovative Machine Learning Methods for Demand Management in Smart Grid Market

Smart Grid has been widely acknowledged as an efficient solution to the current energy system. Smart Grid market is a complex and dynamic market with different types of consumers and suppliers under an uncertain environment. An efficient management of Smart Grid market can benefit Smart Grid in multiple aspects, including reducing energy cost, improving energy efficiency and enhancing network reliability. This thesis focuses on improving demand management in Smart Grid market through developing innovative machine learning methods. Specifically, this thesis 1. studies Smart Grid market and proposes an intelligent broker model for Smart Grid market management. In the proposed broker designs, the challenges that a smart broker faces in Smart Grid market are comprehensively considered, and an adaptive and systematic model is constructed to surmount the challenges. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed broker model can not only make much profit but also keep a good supply-demand balance. Through the study of broker models, two empirical laws in Smart Grid market have been discovered i.e. Law 1: profit margin shrinks in a competitive market environment and Law 2: the imbalance rate of supply demand increases when a market environment is more competitive. 2. studies how to accurately predict power demand of Smart Grid considering customer behaviors. A sparse Continuous Conditional Random Fields(sCCRF) model is proposed to explore customer behaviors. A load forecasting method through learning customer behaviors (LF-LCB) is proposed to effectively predict the demand of Smart Grid. Experimental results show the superiority of LFLCB to other methods. Learning customer behaviors to aggregate customers in fact can be a general method to assist decision makings towards various customers in a complex market environment. Evaluation results also indicate that the proposed sCCRF is effective in feature selection and prediction. Thus, sCCRF can also be applied in other related research fields. 3. studies effective renewable energy prediction methods through deep learning. A Deep Regression model for Sequential Data (DeepRSD) is proposed for renewable energy prediction. An alternative dropout is also proposed to effectively improve the generalization of DeepRSD. According to the experimental
Population structure, fecundity and embryo loss of the sea grass shrimp Latreutes pymoeus (Decapoda: Hippolytidae) at Inhaca Island, Mozambique

Latreutes pymoeus is a poorly studied tropical and sub-tropical shrimp species that mainly lives on sea grass beds. Samples were collected from sea grass beds of Inhaca Island, Mozambique, during August 2005 at neap/spring and low/high tides. Specimens were identified, sexed, counted and morphometric measurements were made. Ovigerous females were classified as small (carapace length (CL): 2.7–3.2 mm), medium (CL: 3.3–3.8 mm) and large (CL: 3.9–4.4 mm). Embryo masses were carefully removed from the pleopods with forceps, eggs staged and counted. On average, about 20% more males were found than females (0.64 ±0.25 and 0.56 ±0.28 ind m-2, respectively), but males were significantly smaller (2.25 ±0.32 and 2.60 ±0.47 mm CL for males and females, respectively). At 3.1 mm CL at least 50% of the females found carried embryos in the pleopods. Average (±SD) brood size increased significantly with female length (76 ±18, 133 ±64 and 205 ±61, for small, medium and large ovigerous females). The number of embryos decreased significantly over the incubation period for each size-class of the shrimp. Brood loss from embryonic Stage I to Stage IV for small, medium and large shrimp were 19.8%, 36.5% and 41.8%, respectively. Although an increase in brood loss was observed with increasing shrimp size, senescence did not seem to occur since larger shrimps carried a higher number of embryos and negative allometry was not recorded. Mean embryo volume, in the same development stage, was not significantly different among the small, medium and large shrimp, increasing significantly from 0.014 mm3 to 0.029 mm3 from the first to last embryonic stages.