Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alternative splicing of apoptosis genes promotes human T cell survival

Alternative splicing occurs in the vast majority of human genes, giving rise to distinct mRNA and protein isoforms. We, and others, have previously identified hundreds of genes that change their isoform expression upon T cell activation via alternative splicing; however, how these changes link activation input with functional output remains largely unknown. Here we investigate how costimulation of T cells through the CD28 receptor impacts alternative splicing in T cells activated through the T cell receptor (CD3) and find that while CD28 signaling alone has minimal impact on splicing, it enhances the extent of change for up to 20% of TCR-induced alternative splicing events. Interestingly, a set of CD28-enhanced splicing events occur within genes encoding key components of the apoptotic signaling pathway; namely caspase-9, Bax and Bim. Using both CRISPR-edited cells and antisense oligos to force expression of specific isoforms, we show for all three of these genes that the isoform induced by CD3/CD28 costimulation promotes resistance to apoptosis, and that changes in all three genes together function combinatorially to further promote cell viability. Finally, we show that the JNK signaling pathway, induced downstream of CD3/CD28 costimulation, is required for each of these splicing events, further highlighting their co-regulation. Together these findings demonstrate that alternative splicing is a key mechanism by which costimulation of CD28 promotes viability of activated T cells.
EFSA Panel Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW); Scientific Opinion on the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza and its potential implications for animal health. EFSA-Q-2009-00935

Analysis of the recent pandemic (H1N1) 2009 (pH1N1) virus indicates a probable origin in pigs. However, it was not reported in pigs prior to its detection in humans. Several cases of pH1N1 virus infections in animals have been reported, mainly in pigs but also in other animals including turkeys. Occasionally, pigs have been infected following exposure to pH1N1 infected humans. In pigs, a subclinical course was common and when clinical signs were seen (coughing, fever) they were generally mild. Presently, the clinical impact of pH1N1virus on the EU pig population is considered minimal. In poultry, outbreaks of pH1N1 have been reported only in turkey breeder flocks. So far, there is no evidence that pH1N1 virus is able to spread horizontally among turkeys. Awareness should be raised about the risk of infecting breeder turkeys with pH1N1 virus during artificial insemination. To date, no infection of wild birds with pH1N1 virus has been reported. From an animal health perspective, no specific disease control measures are considered necessary. Vaccines based on the pH1N1 virus appear to induce protection in swine similar to that induced by the existing swine influenza virus (SIV) vaccines. Such vaccines efficiently prevent disease by reducing virus replication in the lungs. However, voluntary vaccination of swine with these vaccines has not halted the circulation of SIV in swine. There is no urgency for vaccination of pigs against pH1N1 virus. Currently, no vaccines against H1 viruses for poultry are available but at present, there is no need to vaccinate poultry against pH1N1 virus. Monitoring of circulating influenza viruses in swine and poultry populations should be instigated to monitor the evolution of the pH1N1 virus including changes in virulence. © European Food Safety Authority, 2010
MEASURES TO POLYNOMIALS

The structure of a (finite, complex-valued, Borel) measure on the unit circle 1w = 1 which is orthogonal to all polynomials in w is well known. It is given by the following theorem,' which is partially due to F. and M. Riesz, and partially due to Fatou. THEOREM 0. If v is a measure on 1w = 1 which is orthogonal to all polynomials, then v is absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure dw on Iw = 1. The
Evolution of Globin Expression in the Genus

Comparison of electrophoretic globin phenotypes of 18 different Xenopus taxa reveals four different basic types of banding patterns. Each type includes species that also are similar in their morphological, cytogenetical, and biochemical characteristics. Three of these patterns reflect distinct evolutionary lines, while the fourth may be interpreted as the intersection of two of these lines. The composition of the basic pattern of the highly polyploid species is consistent with an allopolyploid origin of most of these species. The number of distinct globin polypeptides-four in the only extant diploid species, X. tropicalis, and five or more in most of the tetraploid species, including X. laevis-suggests that primordial globin genes had undergone duplication either before or after the tetraploidization event. Finally, the individual globin phenotypes are excellent molecular markers that are of great help in identifying the various species but not the subspecies.
MODEL-BASED CONTROL OF AN RCCI ENGINE

Reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) is a combustion strategy that offers high fuel conversion efficiency and near zero emissions of NOx and soot which can help in improving fuel economy in mobile and stationary internal combustion engine (ICE) applications and at the same time lower engine-out emissions. One of the main challenges associated with RCCI combustion is the difficulty in simultaneously controlling combustion phasing, engine load, and cyclic variability during transient engine operations. This thesis focuses on developing model based controllers for cycle-to-cycle combustion phasing and load control during transient operations. A control oriented model (COM) is developed by using mean value models to predict start of combustion (SOC) and crank angle of 50% mass fraction burn (CA50). The COM is validated using transient data from an experimental RCCI engine. The validation results show that the COM is able to capture the experimental trends in CA50 and indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP). The COM is then used to develop a linear quadratic integral (LQI) controller and model predictive controllers (MPC). Premixed ratio (PR) and start of injection (SOI) are the control variables used to control CA50, while the total fuel quantity (FQ) is the engine variable used to control load. The selection between PR and SOI is done using a sensitivity based algorithm. Experimental validation results
Influence of Clinical and Sociodemographic Factors on the Management, Costs and Outcomes of Acute Urinary Retention in the Acute Care Setting

Abstract Introduction: We evaluated clinical and sociodemographic factors that influence care pathways following acute urinary retention with attention to subsequent bladder outlet procedures. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study examining patients who presented for emergent care with concomitant diagnoses of urinary retention and benign prostatic hyperplasia in New York and Florida in 2016. Using Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project data, patients were followed throughout a calendar year across subsequent encounters for recurrent urinary retention and bladder outlet procedures. Multivariable logistic and linear regression were utilized to identify factors associated with recurrent urinary retention, subsequent outlet procedures and the cost of retention-related encounters. Results: Among 30,827 patients, 12,286 (39.9%) were ≥80 years of age. Though 5,409 (17.5%) experienced multiple retention-related encounters, only 1,987 (6.4%) received a bladder outlet procedure within the calendar year. Covariates associated with repeat urinary retention included older age (OR 1.31, p <0.001), Black race (OR 1.18, p=0.001), Medicare insurance (OR 1.16, p=0.005) and lower education level (OR 1.13, p=0.03). Age ≥80 years (OR 0.53, p <0.001), Elixhauser Comorbidity Index score ≥3 (OR 0.31, p <0.001), Medicaid status (OR 0.52, p <0.001) and lower education level were associated with lower odds of receiving a bladder outlet procedure. Episode-based costs favored single retention encounters vs repeat encounters ($15,285.96 vs $28,451.21, p <0.001) and undergoing an outlet procedure vs foregoing one ($16,223.38 vs $17,690.54, p=0.002). Conclusions: Sociodemographic factors are associated with recurrent retention episodes and the decision to undergo a bladder outlet procedure following an episode of urinary retention. Despite the cost benefits associated with preventing repeated episodes of urinary retention, merely 6.4% of patients presenting with acute urinary retention underwent a bladder outlet procedure during the study period. Our findings suggest that early intervention among individuals experiencing urinary retention may confer cost and duration of care benefits.
Exploring Technological Artefacts at the 'Trust Frontier' of Blockchain Token Sales

Enabled by blockchain technology, token sales (TSs) have emerged as a new type of crowdfunding. Startups raise money through the sale of crypto tokens, which grant rights on a future application. In contrast to traditional forms of crowdfunding, issuers and buyers transact directly in TSs using block-chain technology. Owing to the absence of trust-creating intermediaries and control instances, a so-called ‘trust frontier’ emerges. Thus, the role and formation of trust in the context of TSs is an interesting field of study. Through an explorative qualitative study, we identify and analyse trust-establishing technological artefacts in TSs. We find that while some factors equally create trust in traditional crowdfunding and in TSs, TSs give rise to new trust-building technological artefacts (e.g., code hosting services, crypto exchanges) or increase the importance of existing artefacts (e.g., social media platforms). Our study contributes to research on blockchain and crowdfunding and provides guidance for issuers, buyers, and regulators in understanding the mechanisms of trust formation in the context of TSs.
Effective Social Network-Based Allocation of COVID-19 Vaccines

We study allocation of COVID-19 vaccines to individuals based on the structural properties of their underlying social contact network. Using a realistic representation of a social contact network for the Commonwealth of Virginia, we study how a limited number of vaccine doses can be strategically distributed to individuals to reduce the overall burden of the pandemic. We show that allocation of vaccines based on individuals' degree (number of social contacts) and total social proximity time is significantly more effective than the usually used age-based allocation strategy in reducing the number of infections, hospitalizations and deaths. The overall strategy is robust even: (i) if the social contacts are not estimated correctly; (ii) if the vaccine efficacy is lower than expected or only a single dose is given; (iii) if there is a delay in vaccine production and deployment; and (iv) whether or not non-pharmaceutical interventions continue as vaccines are deployed. For reasons of implementability, we have used degree, which is a simple structural measure and can be easily estimated using several methods, including the digital technology available today. These results are significant, especially for resource-poor countries, where vaccines are less available, have lower efficacy, and are more slowly distributed.
Using computational fluid dynamics to improve the drag coefficient estimates for tall buildings under wind loading

Wind is the main horizontal force acting on tall buildings. This force is proportional to the drag coefficient. The drag coefficient is an important factor in their structural design. Designers have historically relied upon experimental wind tunnel results to estimate the drag coefficient. However, this process is both expensive and time consuming. In this study, we alternatively computed the drag coefficient (apart from the pressure, force, and bending moment) using computational fluid dynamics for a typical 93‐m‐high residential building. The simulation considers the actual building geometry, as well as the neighborhood roughness effects. We compared these results with the conventional estimates contained in the Brazilian code NBR‐6123/1988 and Eurocode EC1. The results indicated that the pressures obtained herein near the top of the building were lower compared to those obtained using conventional estimation methods given in codes. Comparatively, the obtained bending moment relative to the base of the building was higher, indicating the existence of significant drag forces not considered in codes. In fluid dynamics simulations, the drag coefficient is determined for each terrain condition. Computational fluid dynamics can effectively simulate the drag force and resultant forces in the direction of the flow, as well as the vortices that result during coating detachment and other types of damage.
1 Lifelong quercetin enrichment and cardioprotection in Mdx / Utrn + /-mice 1 2 3 4

Lifelong quercetin enrichment and cardioprotection in Mdx/Utrnmice 1 2 3 4 Christopher Ballmann, Thomas S. Denney, Ronald J. Beyers, Tiffany Quindry, Matthew Romero, 5 Rajesh Amin, Joshua T. Selsby, John C. Quindry 1 6 7 8 9 10 School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 11 2 MRI Research Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 12 3 Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 13 Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 14 15 16 17 18 19 Running Head: Quercetin Mdx/Utrn mice cardiac pathology 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Address for Correspondence: 36 John C. Quindry, PhD, FACSM 37 Cardioprotection Laboratory 38 Health and Human Performance 39 University of Montana 40 Missoula, MT 41 Phone (406) 243-4268 Fax (406) 243-6252 42 Email: john.quindry@mso.umt. edu 43 Articles in PresS. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol (November 11, 2016). doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00552. 2016
b -Adrenergic Activation of p38 MAP Kinase in Adipocytes cAMP INDUCTION OF THE UNCOUPLING PROTEIN 1 (UCP1) GENE REQUIRES p38 MAP KINASE*

Because of increasing evidence that G protein-cou-pled receptors activate multiple signaling pathways, it becomes important to determine the coordination of these pathways and their physiological significance. Here we show that the b 3 -adrenergic receptor ( b 3 AR) stimulates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) via PKA in adipocytes and that cAMP-dependent transcription of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) promoter by b 3 AR requires p38 MAPK. The se- lective b 3 AR agonist CL316,243 (CL) stimulates phospho- rylation of MAP kinase kinase 3/6 and p38 MAPK in a time- and dose-dependent manner in both white and brown adipocytes. Isoproterenol and forskolin mim-icked the effect of CL on p38 MAPK. In all cases activation was blocked by the specific p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190 (SB; 1–10 m M ). The involvement of PKA in b 3 AR- dependent p38 MAPK activation was confirmed by the ability of the PKA inhibitors H89 (20 m M ) and ( R p )-cAMP- S (1 m M ) to block phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Treatment of primary brown adipocytes with CL or forskolin induced the expression of UCP1 mRNA levels (6.8- 6 0.8-fold), and this response was eliminated by PKA inhibitors and SB202190. A similar stimulation of a 3.7-kilobase
Effects of Music Therapy in the Reduction of Pre-Meal Anxiety in Patients Suffering from Anorexia Nervosa

Literature reviews appear to indicate that Music Therapy (MT) may instil a sense of empowerment and generate feelings of renewed self-confidence, distracting subjects who follow this type of intervention from negative thoughts and, generally, helping patients suffering from Anorexia Nervosa (AN) to redevelop or rediscover their identity. The purpose of the study reported in this paper is to investigate whether MT proposed before an evening meal is capable of decreasing pre-meal anxiety in adolescents suffering from AN who follow the Day-hospital Treatment Programme at the San Bortolo Hospital of Vicenza (Italy). A total of 24 patients participated voluntarily in once-weekly sessions of group-based MT conducted by a qualified music therapist over a period of six months. Before evening meals on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday, pre-meal anxiety was measured using a self-report scale, and the MT group session occurred every Wednesday before the evening meal was consumed. MT activities were both active and receptive. It has been found that with respect to Mondays and Tuesdays, pre-meal anxiety was significantly lower on Wednesdays following participation in the MT group. MT is evidently capable of reducing pre-meal anxiety and may be adopted as a supportive element in treatment plans relating to patients with AN in a day-hospital treatment programme.
The contribution of resilience assessment to impact assessment

ABSTRACT Resilience describes the ability of complex systems to withstand disturbance or recover from disturbance while maintaining structure and function. Resilience assessment identifies potential failure pathways due to disturbances, critical variables, and their thresholds in relation to system failure. It provides the basis for identifying management interventions to reduce system vulnerability to disturbance and enhance recovery of system structure and function. Case studies successfully applying resilience assessment are provided. For impact assessment of Ord River Irrigation Scheme, resilience assessment provided the basis for a conservation strategy for flora and fauna threatened by project clearance. Resilience analysis of policies for managing public health risks for water quality identified strengths and weaknesses of these policies for sustainable management of health risks. In assessing environmental programmes for lakes in Greater Wellington, resilience assessment identified critical variables for managing lake values. In multi-objective planning for Te Waihora/Lake Ellesmere, resilience analysis identified rehabilitation priorities without adversely affecting other lake values. A resilience approach to protecting Christchurch from flooding led to a scheme to accommodate flood flows greater than design criteria. KEY POLICY HIGHLIGHTS An approach to resilience assessment is provided comprising adaptive cycles, failure pathways, multiple spatial scales, and management interventions. Examples are discussed of applications of resilience assessment to project assessment, environmental policy, environmental programmes, rehabilitation priorities, and project design. The value added by resilience assessment to impact assessment and environmental management is discussed.
Educational entrepreneurship in Australian community languages schools: An analysis of ethnic principals’ experience and practice

Abstract Educational entrepreneurship refers to the competence of educational entrepreneurs in making changes and taking initiatives in vision-driven innovation and value creation. Research of educational entrepreneurship needs further investigation, especially in the context of complementary education. This paper explores the educational entrepreneurship of three principals working in the context of community language schools (CLSs) in Australia. Using a set of educational entrepreneurship traits as an analytical tool, this study conducts a detailed qualitative analysis of the interviews and reflective journals of three CLS principals to reveal their educational entrepreneurial traits displayed in the process of establishing and running the CLSs. Findings indicate that these principals display multiple educational entrepreneurial traits in combination when dealing with challenges encountered in their individual context. The empirical data enriches the understanding of the distinctive features of educational entrepreneurship, especially the influence of prior experience. The findings reveal some key traits and practices of educational entrepreneurship amongst CLS principals in the Australian context. This study provides context-specific empirical evidence to better understand the nature and features of educational entrepreneurship. The findings highlight the need for more research and explicit training of entrepreneurial skills for school leaders in non-mainstream schools.
Amplification of Plunging Flows in Bedrock Canyons

Bedrock river erosion is driven by channel hydraulics, which are not well understood for complex morphologies. Many bedrock rivers exhibit a constriction‐pool‐widening (CPW) morphology associated with submerged plunging flows. These flows cause velocity profile inversions resulting in high velocities near the bed and low velocities on the water surface. The first observations documenting plunging flows were from relatively low discharge, and it is unclear whether they persist during floods. Here we show that plunging flows persist and get stronger at flood discharge, increasing bedrock erosion potential by particle impacts. Flood‐discharge plunging flows contact the bed and maintain high velocities farther through the CPW structure, and evacuate large volumes of sediment from the pools. These reach‐scale processes are not represented in large‐scale landscape evolution models, yet these erosion mechanisms set the pace of landscape evolution, begging for a re‐evaluation of process representation in landscape evolution models.
Outcome of Direct Pulp Capping in Teeth Diagnosed as Irreversible Pulpitis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background This review and meta-analysis investigates the outcome of direct pulp capping in teeth diagnosed as irreversible pulpitis. Material and Methods This systematic review includes experimental and descriptive clinical studies according to the PRISMA criteria, using PubMed and Scopus as database. We have included studies that performed direct pulp capping on human permanent teeth previously diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis and that carried out a subsequent follow-up. The outcome of interest was the clinical success of direct pulp capping. Results A total of four studies met the inclusion criteria for this review, however only three of these could be included in the meta-analysis. These three studies represent a total sample of 62 teeth with irreversible pulpitis treated with direct pulp capping that showed an overall success rate of 0.953 (CI=0.900-1.005; p<0.001; I²=0). Additionally, the success rates of vital pulp therapies were compared, all of them being greater than 75%; and the success rates of the materials used were analyzed, giving values above 80% in all cases. The risk of bias of the included articles was established using the ROBINS-I tool, showing that two of the articles had a moderate risk of bias and the remaining two had a very high risk of bias. Conclusions Based on the results of this review, direct pulp capping should be clinically included as a successful technique for the treatment of irreversible pulpitis. However, a larger number of studies with more rigorous methodologies are necessary to confirm the efficacy of this technique. Key words:Irreversible pulpitis, direct pulp capping (DPC), vital pulp therapy (VPT), indirect pulp capping (IPC), partial pulpotomy, total pulpotomy.