Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A computational model of trust and reputation

Despite their many advantages, e-businesses lag behind brick and mortar businesses in several fundamental respects. This paper concerns one of these: relationships based on trust and reputation. Recent studies on simple reputation systems for e-Businesses such as eBay have pointed to the importance of such rating systems for deterring moral hazard and encouraging trusting interactions. However, despite numerous studies on trust and reputation systems, few have taken studies across disciplines to provide an integrated account of these concepts and their relationships. This paper first surveys existing literatures on trust, reputation and a related concept: reciprocity. Based on sociological and biological understandings of these concepts, a computational model is proposed. This model can be implemented in a real system to consistently calculate agents' trust and reputation scores.
Early, abrupt conversion of de novo renal transplant patients from cyclosporine to everolimus: results of a pilot study

Abstract: In a single‐center study, 20 kidney transplant patients without prior rejection were abruptly converted from cyclosporine to everolimus at seven wk post‐transplant. All patients received basiliximab induction with maintenance enteric‐coated mycophenolate sodium and corticosteroids. Biopsy‐proven acute rejection had occurred in three of 20 patients (15.0%) by the end of week seven post‐conversion. All episodes were mild and reversible, with subsequent recovery of renal function. Calculated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) improved significantly (51 ± 11 mL/min at time of conversion, 58 ± 12 mL/min at week seven post‐conversion, 57 ± 17 mL/min at month six post‐conversion; p = 0.001). No patient developed proteinuria in the nephrotic range. Twenty‐two adverse events were reported in 10 patients, three of which had a suspected relationship to everolimus. Mean leukocyte and platelet count decreased significantly, and triglyceride level increased. This study suggests that kidney transplant patients without prior rejection can be converted abruptly from cyclosporine to everolimus at seven wk post‐transplant, resulting in significantly improved renal function with no apparent increase, in risk of rejection and good tolerability.
How I Treat How I treat mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome

Primary cutaneous lymphomas represent rare extranodal lymphomas defined by specific clinicopathologic features. This review focuses on mycosis fungoides (MF) and its leukemic variant, Sézary syndrome (SS). Published treatment guidelines include the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines (www.nccn.org), the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO), and the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), but there is a restricted evidence base as there are few randomized trials. Themanagement approach is truly multidisciplinary. Treatment options are outlined in Tables 1 and 2. The diagnosis of MF/SS is based on an assessment of clinicopathologic criteria which distinguish MF/SS from rarer subtypes. A consensus approach to the pathological diagnosis of early-stage MF has been proposed by the International Society of Cutaneous Lymphoma (ISCL). Repeated skin biopsies are often required but the diagnosis of erythrodermic MF (E-MF) is one of the most challenging in dermatologic practice. An updated staging system proposed by the ISCL/EORTC has been adopted by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (Tables 3 and 4). For patients with clinical stage IA-IB and no palpable lymphadenopathy, extensive staging investigations are not required. Appropriate investigations are listed in Table 5. Core or excisional biopsies of suspicious lymph nodes are required to provide an accurate pathologic assessment; fine needle aspiration assessment is generally inadequate. Bone marrow trephine biopsies are usually not required unless there are unexplained hematologic abnormalities. Almost two-thirds of patients present with stage IA-IIA and, although patients with early stages of MF have an excellent prognosis, ;25% develop progressive disease. In contrast, the prognosis for patients presenting with advancedstage disease is poor (Table6; Figure 1). Avariety of potential prognostic factors have been identified and 2 separate prognostic models for earlyand advanced-stage disease have been proposed based on multivariate analysis identifying independent poor risk factors; a Cutaneous Lymphoma International Consortium (CLIC) has established a prospective study to establish a prognostic index (Cutaneous Lymphoma International Prognostic Index).
The Physics of Core-Collapse Supernovae: Explosion Mechanism and Explosive Nucleosynthesis

Recent developments in multi-dimensional simulations of core-collapse supernovae have considerably improved our understanding of this complex phenomenon. In addition to that, one-dimensional (1D) studies have been employed to study the explosion mechanism and its causal connection to the pre-collapse structure of the star, as well as to explore the vast parameter space of supernovae. Nonetheless, many uncertainties still affect the late stages of the evolution of massive stars, their collapse, and the subsequent shock propagation. In this review, we will briefly summarize the state-of-the-art of both 1D and 3D simulations and how they can be employed to study the evolution of massive stars, supernova explosions, and shock propagation, focusing on the uncertainties that affect each of these phases. Finally, we will illustrate the typical nucleosynthesis products that emerge from the explosion.
Bin Packing Optimization via Deep Reinforcement Learning

The Bin Packing Problem (BPP) has attracted enthusiastic research interest recently, owing to widespread applications in logistics and warehousing environments. It is truly essential to optimize the bin packing to enable more objects to be packed into boxes. Object packing order and placement strategy are the two crucial optimization objectives of the BPP. However, existing optimization methods for BPP, such as the genetic algorithm (GA), emerge as the main issues in highly computational cost and relatively low accuracy, making it difficult to implement in realistic scenarios. To well relieve the research gaps, we present a novel optimization methodology of two-dimensional (2D)-BPP and three-dimensional (3D)-BPP for objects with regular shapes via deep reinforcement learning (DRL), maximizing the space utilization and minimizing the usage number of boxes. First, an end-to-end DRL neural network constructed by a modified Pointer Network consisting of an encoder, a decoder and an attention module is proposed to achieve the optimal object packing order. Second, conforming to the top-down operation mode, the placement strategy based on a height map is used to arrange the ordered objects in the boxes, preventing the objects from colliding with boxes and other objects in boxes. Third, the reward and loss functions are defined as the indicators of the compactness, pyramid, and usage number of boxes to conduct the training of the DRL neural network based on an on-policy actor-critic framework. Finally, a series of experiments are implemented to compare our method with conventional packing methods, from which we conclude that our method outperforms these packing methods in both packing accuracy and efficiency.
Addressing Missing Data in Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures (PROMS): Implications for the Use of PROMS for Comparing Provider Performance

Abstract Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) are now routinely collected in the English National Health Service and used to compare and reward hospital performance within a high‐powered pay‐for‐performance scheme. However, PROMs are prone to missing data. For example, hospitals often fail to administer the pre‐operative questionnaire at hospital admission, or patients may refuse to participate or fail to return their post‐operative questionnaire. A key concern with missing PROMs is that the individuals with complete information tend to be an unrepresentative sample of patients within each provider and inferences based on the complete cases will be misleading. This study proposes a strategy for addressing missing data in the English PROM survey using multiple imputation techniques and investigates its impact on assessing provider performance. We find that inferences about relative provider performance are sensitive to the assumptions made about the reasons for the missing data. © 2015 The Authors. Health Economics Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Discriminative Consensus Mining with A Thousand Groups for More Accurate Co-Salient Object Detection

Co-Salient Object Detection (CoSOD) is a rapidly growing task, extended from Salient Object Detection (SOD) and Common Object Segmentation (Co-Segmentation). It is aimed at detecting the co-occurring salient object in the given image group. Many effective approaches have been proposed on the basis of existing datasets. However, there is still no standard and efficient training set in CoSOD, which makes it chaotic to choose training sets in the recently proposed CoSOD methods. First, the drawbacks of existing training sets in CoSOD are analyzed in a comprehensive way, and potential improvements are provided to solve existing problems to some extent. In particular, in this thesis, a new CoSOD training set is introduced, named Co-Saliency of ImageNet (CoSINe) dataset. The proposed CoSINe is the largest number of groups among all existing CoSOD datasets. The images obtained here span a wide variety in terms of categories, object sizes, etc. In experiments, models trained on CoSINe can achieve significantly better performance with fewer images compared to all existing datasets. Second, to make the most of the proposed CoSINe, a novel CoSOD approach named Hierarchical Instance-aware COnsensus MinEr (HICOME) is proposed, which efficiently mines the consensus feature from different feature levels and discriminates objects of different classes in an object-aware contrastive way. As extensive experiments show, the proposed HICOME achieves SoTA performance on all the existing CoSOD test sets. Several useful training tricks suitable for training CoSOD models are also provided. Third, practical applications are given using the CoSOD technique to show the effectiveness. Finally, the remaining challenges and potential improvements of CoSOD are discussed to inspire related work in the future. The source code, the dataset, and the online demo will be publicly available at github.com/ZhengPeng7/CoSINe.
Genes involved in innate immunity associated with asbestos-related fibrotic changes

Objectives To determine whether genetic polymorphisms in several candidate genes related to innate immunity and protease–antiprotease balance modify individual susceptibility to develop asbestos-related fibrotic pleuropulmonary changes. Methods Sixteen polymorphisms from nine genes (NLRP3, CARD8, TNF, TGFB1, GC, MMP1, MMP9, MMP12 and TIMP2) were genotyped from 951 Finnish asbestos-exposed workers. The genotype/haplotype data were compared to signs of fibrosis and pleural thickenings using linear and logistic regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders. Results A functional polymorphism (Q705K; rs35829419) in the NLRP3 gene was associated with interstitial lung fibrosis (p=0.013), and the TGFB1 rs2241718 SNP with visceral pleural fibrosis (VPF) (p=0.044). In stratified analysis, the carriage of at least one NLRP3 variant allele conferred a 2.5-fold increased risk for pathological interstitial lung fibrosis (OR 2.44, 95% CI 0.97 to 6.14). Conversely, the carriage of at least one TGFB1 rs2241718 variant allele protected against VPF (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.98). The TIMP2 rs2277698 SNP and a haplotype consisting of the TGFB1 rs1800469 and rs1800470 SNPs were associated with the degree of pleural thickening calcification (p=0.037 and p=0.035), and the CARD8 rs2043211 SNP with the greatest thickness of pleural plaques (p=0.015). Conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that the NLRP3 inflammasome is important in the development of fibrotic lung disease by associating the NLRP3 rs35829419 variant allele with increased risk of asbestos-related interstitial lung fibrosis, and the TGFB1 rs2241718 variant allele with decreased risk of asbestos-related VPF. Polymorphisms in CARD8 and TIMP2 are proposed to modify the development and/or calcification of pleural thickenings.
Functional Î±7Î²2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Expressed In Functional Î±7Î²2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Expressed In Hippocampal Interneurons Exhibit High Sensitivity To Hippocampal Interneurons Exhibit High Sensitivity To Pathological Level Of Amyloid Î² Peptides Pathological Level Of 

Background: β -amyloid (A β ) accumulation is described as a hallmark of Alzheimer ’ s disease (AD). A β perturbs a number of synaptic components including nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing α 7 subunits ( α 7-nAChRs), which are abundantly expressed in the hippocampus and found on GABAergic interneurons. We have previously demonstrated the existence of a novel, heteromeric α 7 β 2-nAChR in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons that exhibits high sensitivity to acute A β exposure. To extend our previous work, we evaluated the expression and pharmacology of α 7 β 2-nAChRs in hippocampal interneurons and their sensitivity to A β . Results: GABAergic interneurons in the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus expressed functional α 7 β 2-nAChRs, which were characterized by relatively slow whole-cell current kinetics, pharmacological sensitivity to dihydro-β -erythroidine (DH β E), a nAChR β 2* subunit selective blocker, and α 7 and β 2 subunit interaction using immunoprecipitation assay. In addition, α 7 β 2-nAChRs were sensitive to 1 nM oligomeric A β . Similar effects were observed in identified hippocampal interneurons prepared from GFP-GAD mice. Conclusion: These findings suggest that A β modulation of cholinergic signaling in hippocampal GABAergic interneurons via α 7 β 2-nAChRs could be an early and critical event in A β -induced functional abnormalities of hippocampal function, which may be relevant to learning and memory deficits in AD.
Atrina: Inferring Unit Oracles from GUI Test Cases

Testing JavaScript web applications is challenging due to its complex runtime interaction with the Document Object Model (DOM). Writing unit-level assertions for JavaScript applications is even more tedious as the tester needs to precisely understand the interaction between the DOM and the JavaScript code, which is responsible for updating the DOM. In this work, we propose to leverage existing DOM-dependent assertions in a human-written UI-based test cases as well as useful execution information inferred from the UI-based test suite to automatically generate assertions used for unit-level testing of the JavaScript code of the application. Our approach is implemented in a tool called ATRINA. We evaluate our approach to assess its effectiveness. The results indicate that ATRINA maps DOM-based assertions to the corresponding JavaScript code with high accuracy (99% precision, 92% recall). In terms of fault finding capability, the assertions generated by ATRINA outperform human-written DOM-based assertions by 31% on average. It also surpasses the state-of-the-art mutation-based assertion generation technique by 26% on average in detecting faults.
The Src Homology Domain 3 (SH3) of a Yeast Type I Myosin, Myo5p, Binds to Verprolin and Is Required for Targeting to Sites of Actin Polarization

The budding yeast contains two type I myosins, Myo3p and Myo5p, with redundant functions. Deletion of both myosins results in growth defects, loss of actin polarity and polarized cell surface growth, and accumulation of intracellular membranes. Expression of myc-tagged Myo5p in myo3Δ myo5Δ cells fully restores wild-type characteristics. Myo5p is localized as punctate, cortical structures enriched at sites of polarized cell growth. We find that latrunculin-A–induced depolymerization of F-actin results in loss of Myo5p patches. Moreover, incubation of yeast cells at 37°C results in transient depolarization of both Myo5p patches and the actin cytoskeleton. Mutant Myo5 proteins with deletions in nonmotor domains were expressed in myo3Δ myo5Δ cells and the resulting strains were analyzed for Myo5p function. Deletion of the tail homology 2 (TH2) domain, previously implicated in ATP-insensitive actin binding, has no detectable effect on Myo5p function. In contrast, myo3Δ myo5Δ cells expressing mutant Myo5 proteins with deletions of the src homology domain 3 (SH3) or both TH2 and SH3 domains display defects including Myo5p patch depolarization, actin disorganization, and phenotypes associated with actin dysfunction. These findings support a role for the SH3 domain in Myo5p localization and function in budding yeast. The proline-rich protein verprolin (Vrp1p) binds to the SH3 domain of Myo3p or Myo5p in two-hybrid tests, coimmunoprecipitates with Myo5p, and colocalizes with Myo5p. Immunolocalization of the myc-tagged SH3 domain of Myo5p reveals diffuse cytoplasmic staining. Thus, the SH3 domain of Myo5p contributes to but is not sufficient for localization of Myo5p either to patches or to sites of polarized cell growth. Consistent with this, Myo5p patches assemble but do not localize to sites of polarized cell surface growth in a VRP1 deletion mutant. Our studies support a multistep model for Myo5p targeting in yeast. The first step, assembly of Myo5p patches, is dependent upon F-actin, and the second step, polarization of actin patches, requiresVrp1p and the SH3 domain of Myo5p.
Effect of gamma irradiation on the microbiological quality and shelf life of Engraulis encrasicolus in Ghana

The effect of irradiation on microbial load and shelf-life of anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus) was assessed in this study. Irradiation doses used in the study were 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 kGy. The assessment was carried out at 3 weeks intervals for the period of 9 weeks. Samples were analyzed for microbial load (total viable count, total coliform count and Staphylococcus aureus). Smoked samples were more contaminated as compared to sun-dried samples from both locations. A dose dependent effect was observed in all the samples obtained from both Chorkor and Keta (p<0.05). Samples from Keta were less contaminated for both smoked and sundried samples as compared to the samples from Chorkor whether sun dried or smoked (p<0.05). At 2.5 kGy, microbial load levels (CFU/g) for total viable count, total coliform count and S. aureus were below the standard (CFU/g of microbial load) set by the Ghana Standards Authority for microbial load in fish. This dose is the most appropriate dose for the decontamination and shelf extension of anchovy from Ghana. Key words: Microbial load, processing methods, irradiation dose, shelf-life.
Skeletal muscle fibre growth and growth associated myopathy in the domestic chicken ( Gallus domesticus )

1. Genetic selection of broilers may have pushed muscle fibres to their maximum functional size constraints. Broiler (B), female great-grandparent (GGP) and layer (L) lines were weighed, blood sampled and killed from 5 to 25 weeks of age. 2. At 25 weeks, Pectoralis major (Pm) fibre size reached by the B (65·9 µm) and GGP (59·8 µm) were 1·5 times greater than the L (38·1 µm). In the B and GGP lines, fibre growth of the Pm markedly exceeded that of the Biceps femoris (Bf) muscle. However, in the L line, fibre growth of the Pm and Bf muscle was comparable. Connective tissue content was generally higher in the Bf than in the Pm of all lines. 3. Centralised nuclei were observed predominantly in Pm, and may regulate fibre size. Both large muscle fibres and inadequate capillary supply may induce metabolic stress in B and GGP lines due to the large diffusion distances for oxygen, metabolites and waste products. 4. Enzyme markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransaminase (AST)) and histopathological analysis of Pm and Bf indicated greater myopathy in B and GGP vs L. 5. Regenerative processes were associated with oestrogen secretion. Reduced CK and LDH preceded egg yolk precursor production and increased calcium uptake for eggshell synthesis in all three lines. Oestrogen may stimulate muscle fibre regeneration and recovery as a myo-protective adaptation to potentially detrimental changes in calcium economy during egg production.
Development of robust VAD schemes for Voice Operated Switch application in aircrafts: Comparison of real-time VAD schemes which are based on Linear Energy-based Detector, Fuzzy Logic and Artificial Neural Networks

In a fighter aircraft, for the optimal usage of resources during transmission of signals, a Voice Operated Switch (VOS) is used, as it is considered as a better option compared to push to talk (PTT), because it gives hands free environment for the pilot to carry out other crucial tasks. The heart of VOS is a Voice Activity Detection (VAD) algorithm. This paper explores the evolution of a reliable, robust VAD scheme for VOS application in aircraft by comparing real-time robust VAD schemes, which are based on energy-based detectors, fuzzy logic and ANN. MATLAB, is used as the simulation platform and actual fighter aircraft cockpit noise record is used for evaluation of the algorithms.
Habitat suitability index models: ferruginous hawk

Abstract : Habitat preferences and species characteristics of the ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis) are described in this publication. It is one of a series of Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) models and was developed through an analysis of available scientific data on the species-habitat requirements of the ferruginous hawk. Habitat use information is presented in a review of the literature, followed by the development of a HSI model. The model is presented in three formats: graphic, word and mathematical.
Disk scheduling with quality of service guarantees

The paper introduces YFQ, a new disk scheduling algorithm that allows applications to set aside for exclusive use portions of the disk bandwidth. We implemented YFQ as part of the Eclipse/BSD operating system, which is derived from FreeBSD, a version of 4.4 BSD Unix. YFQ's disk bandwidth reservations can guarantee file accesses with high throughput, low delay, and good fairness. Such quality of service (QoS) guarantees to individual applications unfortunately can also hinder global disk scheduling optimizations. We propose and evaluate several disk scheduling enhancements that promote global optimizations and give to YFQ aggregate disk throughput approaching that of FreeBSD's conventional disk scheduler, which does not provide QoS guarantees. We believe that our enhancements may be helpful also in other disk scheduling algorithms.