Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Separate Regions on the Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus p22 Protein Mediate Cell-to-Cell Movement versus Elicitation of Effective Resistance Responses

The objective of the present study on tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) was to determine the relationship between TBSV p22 protein domains that control its viral cell-to-cell movement function versus those that regulate the p22-mediated elicitation of necrotic local lesions on selected resistant plants. For this purpose, eight site-specific p22 mutants were generated that targeted clustered or individual charged amino acids that were presumed likely to be exposed on the protein surface and therefore candidates for interaction with viral RNA or host factors. Three cell-to-cell movement impaired mutants were identified, but expression of two such mutant p22 genes from a potato virus X gene vector showed that their encoded proteins retained the ability to elicit the formation of necrotic local lesions on Nicotiana edwardsonii. Conversely, inoculation of this normally resistant plant with two movement-positive p22 mutants resulted in chlorotic rather than necrotic lesions on inoculated leaves and infectious vir.
Molecular phylogenetic analysis of a soil microbial community in a soybean field

Summary We report here the phylogenetic characterization of small subunit rRNA gene sequences obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of mixed population DNA extracted directly from soil in a soybean field without culturing the organisms. The phylogenetic analysis of 17 soil clones by the neighbour-joining method shows that the soil sample contained broadly diverse prokaryotes; a clone related to archaea, a clone to gram-positive bacteria with high G+C contents, two clones to green sulphur bacteria, four clones to proteobacteria, and nine clones were not in clusters of any previously reported bacterial groups, which suggests they belong to members of novel groups in Bacteria. In addition, the archaeal sequence, FIE16, is phylogenetically similar to ANTARCTIC 12, a clone obtained from surface waters of Antarctica by PCR. Their occurrence in both the ocean and soil suggests a global distribution of this archaeal group. In conclusion, rRNA gene sequences recovered from soil biomass document the occurrence of many more bacterial lingeages than have been recognized previously through cultivation-based techniques.
Arbuscular mycorrhiza enhances auxin levels and alters auxin biosynthesis in Tropaeolum majus during early stages of colonization

Plant hormones, including auxins, might be signals during the establishment of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. Here, we report on the concentrations of three auxins native to nasturtium ( Tropaeolum majus L.) during early AM development. lndole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and phenylacetic acid (PAA) were previously identified as endogenous compounds in this species by full-scan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. All auxi n ic ic compounds were influenced by AM colonization but showed completely different patterns. At very early stage, free IAA and IBA were Icwer in infected than in control roots, whereas PAA concentration was higher in infected roots than in controls. At later stages, PAA was reduced in colonized roots, whereas, especially, IBA was increased in colonized roots compared with controls. Measurement of total auxins confirmed a complex regulation pattern for the three compounds. In hyphae of Glomus intraradices, none of the auxins was detectable. Biosynthesis of the three auxins was measured using heavy labeled isotopes as precursors in control and AM-inoculated roots. While not much difference was found in the IAA labeling pattern between controls and AM-inoculated roots at both time points, IBA synthesis was slightly higher in AM-inoculated roots. Double labeling experiments showed that two distinct pathways, a tryptophan-dependent and a tryptophan-independent biosynthetic pathway contribute to the synthesis of IAA in T. majus roots. Because T. majus is difficult to genetically manipulate, we have used tobacco plants transformed with the auxin-inducible promoter GH3 fused to the B-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene to investigate whether AM structures would co-localize to cells harboring the auxin-inducible promoter. Although the GUS activity increased significantly in AM-inoculated roots, there was no obvious correlation between GH3::GUS expression and fungal structures.
Transanal total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: state of the art

Total mesorectal excision remains the gold standard for surgical treatment for rectal cancer to achieve excellent oncological outcomes. The transanal approach to the mesorectum was introduced to complement conventional surgery so that technical difficulties related to the distal rectal dissection could be overcome. Since its introduction, interest in transanal mesorectal excision has been growing and it appears that the benefits are maximal in patients with mid-low rectal cancer where anatomical and pathological factors present the greatest challenges. Current evidence demonstrates this approach is safe and feasible, with an acceptable morbidity profile, but with specific complications related to the technique. Oncological and functional data seem comparable to the conventional approaches, but most of the results come from small studies with short-term endpoints. Robotics, when available, might potentially overcome the difficulty of distal rectal dissection with a shorter learning curve compared to the transanal approach, but with higher costs. The aim of this review is to critically evaluate the available literature concerning transanal total mesorectal excision so that we can better define its role in the management of rectal cancer.
Organizational features as situational strength: Engaging the low- conscientious employee

One of the most robust findings in work psychology is the role that conscientiousness plays in performance; more recently, research indicates that conscientious employees are also the most engaged in their work. The present study examines whether the organization has any role in this relation, and if it is possible for individuals who are low in conscientiousness to also feel high levels of engagement. One hundred forty-one full-time Romanian workers and their peers, representing a variety of industries, were surveyed, revealing that features of the organization can actually attenuate the relation between conscientiousness and engagement. Specifically, when employees perceive that the organization is relatively formalized (i.e., where following rules is important), and in organizations where there is a perception that effort is rewarded, conscientiousness is not as strongly associated with engagement. These organizational features represent situational strength, and when situations are strong, scripts and rules tend to predict behavior, rather than personality. As such, it may be possible for low-conscientiousness individuals to actually become more engaged through organizational change. For those who are low in conscientiousness, for example, a formal work environment likely provides structure and decreases ambiguity, which aids in lower conscientious employees becoming more engaged. Similarly, when it is perceived that the organization rewards effort, those who are low in conscientiousness receive this reinforcement, and likely benefit the most, as their levels of engagement tend to approach those who are higher in conscientiousness.
A Hierarchical Graph Network for 3D Object Detection on Point Clouds

3D object detection on point clouds finds many applications. However, most known point cloud object detection methods did not adequately accommodate the characteristics (e.g., sparsity) of point clouds, and thus some key semantic information (e.g., shape information) is not well captured. In this paper, we propose a new graph convolution (GConv) based hierarchical graph network (HGNet) for 3D object detection, which processes raw point clouds directly to predict 3D bounding boxes. HGNet effectively captures the relationship of the points and utilizes the multi-level semantics for object detection. Specially, we propose a novel shape-attentive GConv (SA-GConv) to capture the local shape features, by modelling the relative geometric positions of points to describe object shapes. An SA-GConv based U-shape network captures the multi-level features, which are mapped into an identical feature space by an improved voting module and then further utilized to generate proposals. Next, a new GConv based Proposal Reasoning Module reasons on the proposals considering the global scene semantics, and the bounding boxes are then predicted. Consequently, our new framework outperforms state-of-the-art methods on two large-scale point cloud datasets, by ~4% mean average precision (mAP) on SUN RGB-D and by ~3% mAP on ScanNet-V2.
The level of udder emptying and milk flow stability in Tsigai, Improved Valachian, and Lacaune ewes during machine milking

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the stability of milk flow curves and the volume of residual milk in relation to milk flow curves in breeds Tsigai, Improved Valachian, and Lacaune (n = 16 heads per breed) milked twice daily. Milk flow type stability was evaluated at morning milking (stabile milkings) during three successive days in the middle of two months (June, July). After the following fourth morning milking (OT milkings) in both months, oxytocin was injected intravenously at a dose of 2 UI. Afterwards the ewes were milked again in order to remove residual milk. The milk flow curves were classi- fied into four types: 1 peak (1P), 2 peaks (2P), plateau I (maximal milk flow over 0.4 l/min) (PLI), plateau II (maximal milk flow less than 0.4 l/min) (PLII). If all milk flow curves of one animal were of the same type within one month and within both months, respectively, the animal was characterized as the ewe with the stabile type of milk flow. Frequency of occurrence of single milk flow types (1P : 2P : PLI : PLII) during stabile milkings was 42 : 49 : 9 : 0% in June and 51 : 37.5 : 11.5 : 0% in July. 33 ewes (i.e. 69%) had the stabile type of milk flow within both months. But, more than 51% of them had 1P type of milk flow. Milk production varied according to milk flow curve during OT milkings (0.427 ± 0.015, 0.498 ± 0.024, and 0.655 ± 0.035 l for 1P, 2P, and PLI, respectively). The highest percentage of residual milk from total milk yield (RM/TMY) was observed in ewes with 1P (20.29 ± 0.85%), followed by ewes with PLI (12.31 ± 1.99%) and 2P (9.72 ± 1.36%) (P < 0.0001). Lacaune ewes had the lowest amount of residual milk (0.054 ± 0.006 l) and RM/TMY (9.86 ± 1.16%) compared to breeds Tsigai (0.088 ± 0.008 l; 16.47 ± 1.44%) and Improved Valachian (0.069 ± 0.010 l; 15.99 ± 1.78%) indicating their better udder emptying.
Habitat relationships of the mahogany glider, Petaurus gracilis, and the sugar glider, Petaurus breviceps

Trapping data of the mahogany glider, Petaurus gracilis, and the sugar glider, Petaurus breviceps, in sympatry, in north Queensland, were analysed with vegetation variables to determine the habitat relationships of these two species. The study area contained a trapping grid (80 traps) within an area of continuous forest and trapping transects within an adjacent area of fragmented forest (44 traps). The mahogany glider was trapped more often at 43 of the 124 locations (38 in the continuous and 5 in the fragmented forest), with the sugar glider dominant at 46 locations (18 in the continuous forest and 28 in the fragmented forest). The remaining 27 trap locations where gliders were caught did not favour either species. Eight trap locations within riparian rainforest had no captures of either species. The presence of mahogany gliders was significantly correlated with the presence of Corymbia clarksoniana, Eucalyptus platyphylla, the absence of Corymbia intermedia and Acacia mangium, and a small mid and upper canopy cover. In contrast, the presence of sugar gliders was most correlated with a large number of stems. When the presence of the mahogany glider was compared with that of the sugar glider with respect to various habitat variables for the entire study area, the mahogany glider was most associated with the presence of C. clarksoniana, Eucalyptus pellita, Lophostemon suaveolens, Melaleuca dealbata and a reduced lower and upper canopy. In contrast, the sugar glider was most associated with C. intermedia, A. mangium, a large number of potential food species, rainforest species and a dense mid and upper canopy cover.
Supplementary Material for Deep Stereo Geometry Network (DSGN)

Correlation between stereo (depth) and 3D object detection accuracy. Following KITTI stereo metric, we consider a pixel as being correctly estimated if its depth error is less than an outlier thresh. The percentage of non-outlier pixels inside the object box is deemed as depth estimation precision. With several outlier threshes (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 meters), scatter plots of stereo and detection precision are drawn. We observed that when outlier thresh is 0.3 meter, the strongest linear correlation is yielded.
A Study of the relationship between Chronic Pain and Quality of Life for Elderly in Long-term Care Service

In this study, the effect of chronic pain on the lives of elderly people in long-term care service was analyzed based on the mediated effect of depression. The research data was sampled from elderly people in long-term care services, 204 people participated. From mediated regression analysis, depression was the most relevant factor on the quality of life, followed by chronic pain. With chronic pain and depression as independent variables and quality of life as a dependent variable, depression was proved to have had a fully mediated effect on quality of life. The result of this study suggested that convergence of various support systems should be implemented for the elderly in long-term care services.
Concurrent or Sequential Chemoradiotherapy after 3-4 Cycles Induction Chemotherapy for LS-SCLC with Bulky Tumor

The current study was to compare the efficacy and safety between concurrent and sequential chemoradiotherapy after 3-4 cycles of induction chemotherapy for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) with bulky tumor. From July 2012 to September 2015, a total of 68 patients with stage IIIA and IIIB SCLC who had completed 3-4 cycles of etoposide plus cisplatin/carboplatin and achieved clinical complete response (cCR) or clinical partial response (cPR) were randomized into the two groups equally. The concurrent group received radiotherapy combined with oral etoposide and cisplatin and the sequential group received sequential chemoradiotherapy. Thoracic radiotherapy was performed using intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with 95% PTV 60Gy/30 times. After completing chemoradiotherapy, patients received prophylactic cranial irradiation. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), and secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and toxicity. The median follow-up time was 63.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 50.8-75.8). Better PFS and OS were observed in concurrent group (median PFS, 26.0 months [95% CI, 9.0-43.0] versus 13.1 months [95%CI, 9.7-16.6], p=0.023; median OS, 35.0 months [95% CI, 25.4-44.6] versus 22.0 months [95% CI, 17.0-27.1], p=0.015). There was no significant difference in the incidence of radiation esophagitis and radiation pneumonitis between the two groups (p=0.795, p=0.525). This study demonstrated that after the completion of 3-4 cycles of chemotherapy with a remission, concurrent chemoradiotherapy with oral etoposide and cisplatin improved survival compared with sequential chemoradiotherapy in LS-SCLC with bulky tumor. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01745445.
Facial emotion processing and its relation to autism and ADHD symptomatology in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome emotion processing and its relation to autism and ADHD symptomatology in

Children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) display symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or attention-deficit-hyperactive disorder (ADHD). We examined whether problems in visual social information processing are related to these symptoms in 22q11DS. Face-, facial emotion recognition and processing of abstract visuospatial information was evaluated in 45 children with 22q11DS. Relations with ASD and ADHD symptom severity were explored. Slower, less accurate social information processing and less accurate abstract visuospatial information processing were found in children with 22q11DS. Less accurate processing of facial emotions and visuospatial information were related to more severe symptomatology. Impairments social information may be part of a specific endophenotype of 22q11DS. Findings suggest these impairments to be possible underlying mechanisms of ASD/ADHD symptomatology.
Correlation of Growth of the Root and Shoot Systems of White Clover after a Period of Water Shortage and/or Defoliation

Relationships were established between growth in root and shoot systems of white clover under conditions of stress such as soil water deficit and defoliation that typically occur in the field. Vegetative clones of white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Haifa) were grown in pots in a greenhouse for 6 weeks. The growth and development of the shoot and root systems were followed by destructive harvests at the outset and after 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks. Treatments comprised: A) plants well watered with nutrient solution; B) restricted watering; C) well watered but defoliated after harvest three and allowed to regrow and D) restricted watering and defoliated. At the outset, all plants were of similar size (< 1 .O g DM), but by the end of the experiment, plant size ranged from 23.0 g DM in treatment A to 3.1 g DM in D. For plants in the ideal treatment (A), there were strong linear correlations between the measured root and shoot parameters that were evident at all harvests. For plants growing in the stress treatments (B-D), these correlations were initially disrupted but were almost fully restored by the end of the experiment. In white clover, the growth and morphological development of roots and shoots are highly correlated. If this balance is disturbed, white clover responds to rapidly re-establish the original coordination. If these same relationships exist in field soils, then higher shoot yields will only be possible if the growth of more roots is encouraged.
ACHIEVEMENT EMOTIONS AND PERFORMANCE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Emotions are a permanent accompaniment of learning, experienced before, during and after attending class, studying, or taking tests. The present study examined the relationships between learning-related emotions and school performance among university students. To collect data, the tools were AEQ (the scale concerning the learning-related emotions), a scale for learning challenges (extracted from MSQL), and a socio demographic questionnaire. The hierarchical regression indicated that school performance was explained by gender, residence, year of study, specialization, and four emotions: enjoyment, anxiety, boredom, hopelessness. The results can be used by teachers to manage and control their classroom behavior.
Postal Delivery of Illegal Consignments into Scotland: Dataset Description

This report describes a novel dataset of illegal consignments from overseas identified in postal processing centres between April 2011 and January 2016 and intended for delivery to Scotland. The data were provided to researchers at the Scottish Centre for Administrative Data Research by the National Crime Agency. This dataset provides valuable information on drugs entering Scotland via international postal services, a popular delivery method for drugs purchased in online cryptomarkets. The report provides an overview of how the dataset was constructed, its contents, and the technical and governance arrangements involved in accessing this dataset. It also provides descriptive statistics for the variables included in the dataset, comparing this data source with other data on patterns of cryptomarket usage and focusing particularly on the type, size and distribution of different commodities. From this comparison we conclude that the Illegal Consignment dataset has similar characteristics to other datasets on cryptomarket use over the same time span.
Transfer conductance in second growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.)Franco) canopies

The internal conductance from intercellular spaces to the sites of carboxylation ( g i ) has only been measured in a few tree species and not in conifers, despite the fact it may impose a large limitation on photosynthesis. The present study provides the first estimates of g i for a coniferous species, and examines variation in g i with height and its relationships to anatomical, biochemical and physiological traits. Measurements were made on upper and lower canopy current-year needles of 50-year-old Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Needle thickness and specific leaf area decreased by 30% from the top to bottom of the canopy. These anatomical/morphological changes were accompanied by modest variation in allocation of N to chlorophyll and the chlorophyll a / b ratio. Allocation of N to Rubisco did not vary with height, but the ratio of Rubisco to chlorophyll did owing to the aforementioned changes in allocation to chlorophyll. The value of g i was estimated in one tree from concurrent measurements of carbon isotope discrimination and net photosynthesis. To examine the variation in g i among trees a second independent method based on day respiration and the difference between the chloroplastic and intercellular photocompensation points (photocompensation point method) was used. Estimates of g i obtained by the two methods agreed well with values varying between 0.14 and 0.20 mol m - 2 s - - 1 . It is estimated that g i limits photosynthesis by approximately 20% as compared to an approximately 30% stomatal limitation (under well-watered conditions). The value of g i scaled approximately with maximum rates of photosynthesis, which were significantly greater in upper canopy needles. Nevertheless, g i did not vary significantly with canopy height, owing to greater variability in g i than photosynthesis.
The history of, and prospects for, the biological control of Chromolaena odorata (Compositae) by Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata Rego Barros and allies (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

Chromolaena odorata is a tropical American species of the Compositae that has become a serious problem in plantations in the tropics of Asia and Africa. The history of attempts to control it using the arctiid moth Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata Rego Barros (misidentified in previous literature as Ammalo insulata (Wlk.)) is summarised. The taxonomy and distributions of the five species in Pareuchaetes are presented, together with keys based on genitalic characters, three new synonyms and one new combination. Information on the biogeography and ecology of the Pareuchaetes species is used to assess their potential as biological control agents.