Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying Levers for Improvement: Examining Proximal Processes and Contextual Influences on Preschool Language Development

ABSTRACT Research Findings: The present study investigates both the proximal processes and contextual influences on children’s oral language development in preschool. We examine whether teacher language practices vary across activity settings and program type, which teacher language practices predict children’s oral language skills, and potential differences in children’s language learning trajectories. The instructional time in a diverse sample of 15 preschool classrooms was recorded and coded for teacher language practices hypothesized to support children’s language development, including conceptual and interactive talk. Children (n = 99) were assessed at the beginning and end of the school year with a comprehensive measure of oral language development. Results indicated that there was substantial variation across activity settings and program type, with more beneficial language practices used more often in large group settings and in preschools with extensive professional development and coaching support. The specific teacher language practices of vocabulary talk and elicitation practices were positively related to children’s language, controlling for pretest scores, child age, and program type. Practice or Policy: Findings indicate several leverage points for intervention, such as balancing time spent in different activity settings, maximizing the potential of small group time through elicitation strategies, and building in additional supports for interactive language during centers time.
A Novel Motion Blur Resistant vSLAM Framework for Micro/Nano-UAVs

Localization and mapping technologies are of great importance for all varieties of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to perform their operations. In the near future, it is planned to increase the use of micro/nano-size UAVs. Such vehicles are sometimes expendable platforms, and reuse may not be possible. Compact, mounted and low-cost cameras are preferred in these UAVs due to weight, cost and size limitations. Visual simultaneous localization and mapping (vSLAM) methods are used for providing situational awareness of micro/nano-size UAVs. Fast rotational movements that occur during flight with gimbal-free, mounted cameras cause motion blur. Above a certain level of motion blur, tracking losses exist, which causes vSLAM algorithms not to operate effectively. In this study, a novel vSLAM framework is proposed that prevents the occurrence of tracking losses in micro/nano-UAVs due to the motion blur. In the proposed framework, the blur level of the frames obtained from the platform camera is determined and the frames whose focus measure score is below the threshold are restored by specific motion-deblurring methods. The major reasons of tracking losses have been analyzed with experimental studies, and vSLAM algorithms have been made durable by our studied framework. It has been observed that our framework can prevent tracking losses at 5, 10 and 20 fps processing speeds. vSLAM algorithms continue to normal operations at those processing speeds that have not been succeeded before using standard vSLAM algorithms, which can be considered as a superiority of our study.
Negative Effects of Acute Appendicitis in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of 1,274 Cases.

Introduction: Since the COVID-19 pandemic confinement was established in Spain on March 9, 2020, the number of visits to the paediatric Emergency Department (ED) has decreased dramatically, probably due to the fear of parents becoming infected in the hospital environment. The aim of this work is to analyse the medium-term consequences during the first 9 months after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in children with acute appendicitis (AA). Methods: A retrospective study was performed on children operated on for AA in our institution between 2017-2020, who were distributed in two groups according to the date of surgery: COVID-19 group (after March 9, 2020) and control group (before March 9, 2020). Demographic variables, associated symptoms, time from symptoms onset, hospital stay, rate of complicated AA and postoperative complications were analysed.Results: A total of 1274 patients were included (288 COVID group; 986 control group), without demographic differences between them. Time from symptom onset was significantly longer in COVID-19 group patients (34.5 vs. 24.2 hours; p=0.021), although no differences in associated symptoms were observed between both groups. COVID-19 group patients presented a higher rate of complicated AA (20.1% vs. 14%; OR: 1.55; CI95%[1.10-2.18]; p=0.008), a longer hospital stay (3.5 vs. 2.8 days; p=0.042) as well as a higher rate of postoperative complications (21.5% vs. 15.7%; OR: 1.47; CI95%[(1.06-2.04)]; p=0.008). Conclusion: This study shows the negative medium-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with acute appendicitis: delayed ED visits, increased rate of complicated AA, increased hospital stay and increased postoperative complications.
Factors Impacting Resilience of Women Entrepreneurs in India in the Face of COVID-19

Although enough research has been carried out on factors inspiring women to start and operate business, there is a need to assess the role of various factors impacting resilience of Indian women entrepreneurs. Women entrepreneurs all over the world are struggling, adapting diverse strategies and innovating in the face of COVID-19, to fight against the crisis and bouncing back to their normal stage. The present study aims at identifying the direct relationships among selected factors in influencing the resilience of women entrepreneurs. The sample for the study comprised 396 women entrepreneurs from different regions of India. This is a survey-based study; a self-administered questionnaire was used for the collection of data. Analysis of the data collected was done using analysis of moment structures based structural equation modelling. Findings of the analysis state a significant and positive influence of entrepreneurial characteristics, resourcefulness, networking, adaptability and continuity in forming the resilient attitude of women entrepreneurs when faced with a crisis situation. The study can be useful to women entrepreneurs, organizations, government and other institutions extending support to entrepreneurs.
Clustering and Switching in Verbal Fluency Across Varying Degrees of Cognitive Control Demands: Evidence From Healthy Bilinguals and Bilingual Patients With Aphasia

Abstract Different linguistic contexts place varying amounts of cognitive control on lexical retrieval in bilingual speakers, an issue that is complicated in bilingual patients with aphasia (BPWA) due to subsequent language and cognitive deficits. Verbal fluency tasks may offer insight into the interaction between executive and language control in healthy bilinguals and BPWA, by examining conditions with varying cognitive control demands. The present study examined switching and clustering in verbal fluency tasks in BPWA and healthy bilinguals across single- and dual-language conditions. We also examined the influence of language processing and language proficiency on switching and clustering performance across the dual-language conditions. Thirty-five Spanish-English BPWA and twenty-two Spanish-English healthy bilinguals completed a language use questionnaire, tests of language processing, and two verbal fluency tasks. The semantic category generation task included four conditions: two single-language conditions (No-Switch L1 and No-Switch L2) that required word production in each language separately; one dual-language condition that allowed switching between languages as desired (Self-Switch); and one dual-language condition that required switching between languages after each response (Forced-Switch). The letter fluency task required word production in single-language contexts. Overall, healthy bilinguals outperformed BPWA across all measures. Results indicate that switching is more sensitive to increased control demands than clustering, with this effect being more pronounced in BPWA, underscoring the interaction between semantic executive processes and language control in this group. Additionally, for BPWA switching performance relies on a combination of language abilities and language experience metrics.
Metabolomics Reveals Heterogeneity in the Chemical Composition of Green and White Spears of Asparagus (A. officinalis)

Green and white asparagus are quite different crops but can be harvested from the same plant. They have distinct morphological differences due to their mode of cultivation and they are characterised by having contrasting appearance and flavour. Significant chemical differences are therefore expected. Spears from three varieties of both green and white forms, harvested in two consecutive seasons were analysed using headspace GC-MS and LC-MS with an untargeted metabolomic workflow. Mainly C5 and C8 alcohols and aldehydes, and phenolic compounds were more abundant in green spears, whereas benzenoids, monoterpenes, unsaturated aldehydes and steroidal saponins were more abundant in white ones. Previously reported key asparagus volatiles and non-volatiles were detected at similar or not significantly different levels in the two asparagus types. Spatial metabolomics revealed also that many volatiles with known positive aroma attributes were significantly more abundant in the upper parts of the spears and showed a decreasing trend towards the base. These findings provide valuable insights into the metabolome of raw asparagus, the contrasts between green and white spears as well as the different chemical distributions along the stem.
A review: diffuser augmented wind turbine technologies

ABSTRACT Nowadays renewable energy sources play an important role in partially meeting the global energy demand and protecting the environment. Wind energy technology among the renewable sources is developing rapidly around the World as it becomes a challenging renewable energy technology. One of the latest developed technologies that enable small size wind turbines to operate in the most efficient way is the diffuser augmented wind turbine (DAWT) system utilization. In this study, concentrators involving nozzle-diffuser-flange systems were aimed to be reviewed thoroughly by studying the variety of geometries that are mostly available in the literature. Also, the diffuser augmented wind turbine technologies, from the viewpoint of designs, their aerodynamic characteristics, performances, and efficiencies were reviewed extensively. The benefits obtained from cased wind turbines in terms of wind speed and power coefficient enhancements were analyzed considering a variety of different studies found in the literature.
Chemical Composition and Source Apportionment of Total Suspended Particulate in the Central Himalayan Region

The present study analyzes data from total suspended particulate (TSP) samples collected during 3 years (2005–2008) at Nainital, central Himalayas, India and analyzed for carbonaceous aerosols (organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC)) and inorganic species, focusing on the assessment of primary and secondary organic carbon contributions (POC, SOC, respectively) and on source apportionment by positive matrix factorization (PMF). An average TSP concentration of 69.6 ± 51.8 µg m−3 was found, exhibiting a pre-monsoon (March–May) maximum (92.9 ± 48.5 µg m−3) due to dust transport and forest fires and a monsoon (June–August) minimum due to atmospheric washout, while carbonaceous aerosols and inorganic species expressed a similar seasonality. The mean OC/EC ratio (8.0 ± 3.3) and the good correlations between OC, EC, and nss-K+ suggested that biomass burning (BB) was one of the major contributing factors to aerosols in Nainital. Using the EC tracer method, along with several approaches for the determination of the (OC/EC)pri ratio, the estimated SOC component accounted for ~25% (19.3–29.7%). Furthermore, TSP source apportionment via PMF allowed for a better understanding of the aerosol sources in the Central Himalayan region. The key aerosol sources over Nainital were BB (27%), secondary sulfate (20%), secondary nitrate (9%), mineral dust (34%), and long-range transported mixed marine aerosol (10%). The potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) analyses were also used to identify the probable regional source areas of resolved aerosol sources. The main source regions for aerosols in Nainital were the plains in northwest India and Pakistan, polluted cities like Delhi, the Thar Desert, and the Arabian Sea area. The outcomes of the present study are expected to elucidate the atmospheric chemistry, emission source origins, and transport pathways of aerosols over the central Himalayan region.
Expert Opinion on Managing Suicide Risk in Deployed Settings

Abstract This study aimed to: (1) determine the perceived effectiveness of buddy watch, weapon removal, and medical evacuations (MEDEVAC) for managing suicide-related events during deployment, (2) evaluate the involvement of leaders, behavioral health providers (BHPs), and chaplains in implementing these strategies, and (3) develop recommendations based on feedback from key stakeholders. A total of 74 Army support staff (80% male, 61% aged 30–44) who had encountered another service member that died by suicide, attempted suicide, or thought about suicide during deployment participated in an anonymous, online survey. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare responses between leaders, BHPs, and chaplains. Overall, survey participants supported the use of buddy watch (79%) and MEDEVAC (94%) as effective strategies for managing suicide risk during deployment, while support for weapon removal was mixed (leaders: 50%, BHPs: 92%, chaplains: 88%; Fisher exact test = 10.43, p = .01). Leaders and BHPs were endorsed as important personnel involved in making decisions regarding the use of buddy watch (78%, 77%, respectively), weapon removal (84%, 69%, respectively), and MEDEVAC (73%, 84%, respectively). It is recommended that buddy watch, weapon removal, and MEDEVAC be used in a deployed setting when determined by each service member’s unique set of risk factors.
Abstentionist Voting – Between Disengagement and Protestation in Neglected Areas: A Spatial Analysis of The Paris Metropolis

This article analyzes electoral behaviors related to voting abstention in the Metropolis of Paris. We highlight the interest of a contextual approach to examine non-voting behaviors. Using socio-economic and demographic data at the level of municipalities, we construct a spatial model to explain the reasons for abstention. Our results support the idea that abstentionism expresses a disengagement behavior as well as a protestation behavior. People disengage from politics because they believe that politicians (no matter which party is in power) will not be able to change their situation. This hypothesis applies to non-voters peripheral to political life. We also show that these people tend to live in socio-economically marginalized areas. The protest attitude is found especially in “left-behind” areas that have experienced a significant decline in the supply of public services and local shops. Bridging the divide in these neglected areas is essential to avoid further marginalization and growing protest.
Effect of Cobalt Application and Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation on Growth and Some Nutrients Content of Barley and Egyptian Clover Plants Grown in Calcareous Soil

: Two pot experiments were carried out at the green-house of Faculty of agriculture (Saba Bash), Alexandria University to study the effect of cobalt applied with seeds through soaking in relation to mycorrhiza inoculation on growth and quality of barely and clover as forage crops under calcareous soil conditions during 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 growing seasons, respectively. The seeds of barley and clover were soaked in continuously aerated solution of different cobalt concentrations (0.0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 mg/l) using cobalt sulphate salt and inoculated with two mycorrhizal spices ( G. intraradiaces and G. macrocarpium ) separately before sowing.The obtained results showed that soaking seeds of barley and clover (forage crops) in cobalt solutions and mycorrhizal inoculation had significant effects on all growth parameters and the tested nutrients content in the plants of the two crops.The Co significantly increased the contents of N, P, K, and Co in shoot and root of the tested plants. It was found that G. intraradiaces was more effective than G. macrocarpium for the studied traits. Also, the recommended cobalt concentration for barley crops was lower (0.6 mg/l) than that for E.Clover (1.2mg/l). However, Co concentration above 0.6 and 1.2 mg/l for barley and E. Clove, respectively, reduced growth of plants.
CORRELATION BETWEEN CORPUS LUTEUM VOLUME USING 2D ULTRASOUND AND COLOR-DOPPLER STUDY OF CORPUS LUTEUM VASCULATURE WITH MATERNAL SERUM CA-125 LEVEL IN PROGNOSIS OF FIRST TRIMESTER THREATENED ABORTION

Background: Threatened miscarriage is a common complication in the first trimester of pregnancy and is often associated with anxiety regarding pregnancy outcome. Approximately, 20% of pregnant women have symptoms of threatened abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy. A single serum cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) level determination is valuable in women with imminent abortion presenting with abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding or both rather than serial measurements. Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of correlating the corpus luteum volume measured by two-dimensional ultrasound, and color doppler blood flow changes in the corpus luteum together with the results of serum CA-125 at the time of initial presentation with pregnancy outcome in patients with first trimesteric threatened abortion. Patients and methods: This prospective controlled study was held during the period from May 2015 to May 2018 on 100 women on their first trimester of pregnancy, 50 women having normal uncomplicated pregnancy and 50 women with clinical diagnosis of threatened abortion. The latter group was further subdivided into: group of patients who aborted (14 patients), and another group who continued their pregnancy and proceeded into the second trimester (36 patients). Results: It was found that the mean corpus luteum peak systolic velocity (CL PSV) for the threatened abortion (aborted) group was 30.68 ± 18.9 cm/sec, while for the threatened abortion (continued) group was 22.03 ± 12.9 cm/sec, and for the control group was 21.58 ± 13.77 cm/sec. The difference was statistically significant between threatened abortion (aborted) group and each of the threatened abortion group and the control group. The difference was statistically non-significant between the threatened abortion (continued) group, and the control group. The cut-off value of CL PSV at which there was a high probability of termination of pregnancy in threatened abortion cases, reached 17.785 cm/sec with a sensitivity of 63.6% and specificity of 54.4%. Conclusion: Serum CA-125 level determination was valuable in the women with symptoms of threatened abortion with a cut-off limit of 31.85 IU/ml of CA-125 level which carried a sensitivity of 86.4% and specificity of 80.7%. The study suggested that CA- 125 may be a cheap, sensitive and specific method in prediction of the cases of threatened abortion.
SALIM

Klüver-Bucy syndrome (KBS) has been described as a disconnection of the temporal lobes from the remainder of the brain. Its presence in minor head trauma has not been previously reported. We therefore report what we believe to be the first case of KBS due to mild head trauma and unilateral injury to a temporal lobe. From the Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Critical Care, and the Los Angeles County–University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles; and the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles (Dr. Kim). Reprint requests to Juan A. Asensio, MD, LAC+USC Medical Center, Division of Trauma Surgery/Critical Care, 1200 N State St, Room 10-750, Los Angeles, CA 90033. KEY POINTS • Klüver-Bucy syndrome occurs in association with bilateral temporal lobe injury. • Findings include blunted affect, bulimia, hypersexuality, and aggressive behavior. • Self-limiting phenomenon with favorable neurologic out-
Linagliptin Protects against Endotoxin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rats by Decreasing Inflammatory Cytokines and Reactive Oxygen Species

Septic shock can increase pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODs) and even lead to death. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been proven to exert potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the effects of linagliptin on endotoxic shock and acute kidney injury (AKI) in animal and cell models. In the cell model, linagliptin attenuated ROS by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, restoring nuclear-factor-erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) protein, and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β)). In the animal model, 14-week-old conscious Wistar–Kyoto rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8 in each group). Endotoxin shock with MODs was induced by the intravenous injection of Klebsiella pneumoniae lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 20 mg/kg). Linagliptin improved animal survival without affecting hemodynamic profiles. In the histopathology and immunohistochemistry examinations of the rat kidneys, linagliptin (10 mg/kg) suppressed nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), decreased injury scores, and preserved E-cadherin expression from LPS damage. In conclusion, linagliptin ameliorated endotoxin-shock-induced AKI by reducing ROS via AMPK pathway activation and suppressing the release of TNF-α and IL-1β in conscious rats.
Completeness of rapid assessments of medium and large mammal diversity in the northwestern Amazon in Colombia

ABSTRACT Rapid assessments are the most common information source on biodiversity in the northwestern Amazon in Colombia due to limited resources and logistic constraints. These assessments are essential for decision-making on environmental policies in this region, that has been strongly impacted by the transformation of its natural ecosystems. Several local camera-trapping rapid assessments of medium and large-sized mammals (MLM) have been conducted in the Colombian Amazon, but they are difficult to compare. We analyzed information of 16 of these rapid assessments of MLM to provide the first list of MLM in the northwestern Amazon in Colombia. We also evaluated the accuracy of four estimators (ICE, Chao-2, Jackknife-1, and Jackknife-2), and the minimum sampling effort for the estimation of MLM richness in local surveys in the region. We report 26 species of MLM for the Colombian Amazon (between five and 13 species per locality), which is an underestimation of MLM richness in the region. The best estimator of MLM richness was the Jackknife-1, due to its precision and the lower influence of singletons. We recommend a minimum sampling effort of 350 camera trap-days. Although rapid assessments do not allow a robust estimation of MLM richness, they record the most common species (or core species) per locality and their abundance variation. The evaluation of the effect of habitat transformation on MLM and the estimation of population parameters of rare species require more intensive studies.