Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Well-being Supportive Home Environment of Elderly People with Visual Impairments and Health-related Quality of Life

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to describe the well-being supportive home environment of elderly people (n = 37) with visual impairment (VI) and its relationship with health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Data were collected during home visits six (6) months after the commencement of individual low vision rehabilitation (LVR) process. A structured well-being supportive environment instrument and a general HRQoL instrument were administered. Background variables had no detectable effect on the HRQoL. The HRQoL correlated significantly with the symbolic environment, living-related fears and feelings of general restrictiveness. The participants generally saw their home environment to be comfortable and supportive of well-being, but many felt that their life was too much restricted to home environment.
Current clinical practice in 24-hour postural management and the impact on carers and service users with severe neurodisability

Introduction The clinical benefits of 24-hour postural management are widely recognised by occupational therapists, but little is known about its impact on service users and carers or whether clinical practice is consistent across regions. The aim of this research was to investigate the use of 24-hour postural management by occupational therapists and to explore its impact on service users with neurodisability and their carers. Methods Quantitative and qualitative methods were employed in two phases: (a) online survey with 96 occupational therapists across one UK region, with data analysed by descriptive statistics and correlations; (b) focus groups with service users and/or carers (n = 9), with data analysed by thematic analysis. Results Findings showed moderate positive correlation between frequency of use and (a) all key intervention skills and (b) knowledge of night-time positioning (p < 0.001). Moderate positive correlations were found between level of training and (a) assessment skills and (b) knowledge of night-time positioning (p < 0.001). The overarching theme from focus groups was ‘reliance on individualised equipment’, with overwhelming frustration from lack of support, loss of identity, equipment cost, insufficient focus on preventative strategies and accessibility issues. Conclusion A clinical practice guideline, including training, is crucial to direct practice. Providers must engage with service users and carers to address their frustrations.
Graded and bidirectional control of real-time reach kinematics by the cerebellum

The rules governing the relationship between cerebellar output and movement production remain unknown despite the well-recognized importance of the cerebellum in motor learning and precision. In this study, we investigated how cerebellar output sculpts reach behavior in mice by manipulating neural activity in the anterior interposed nucleus (IntA) in closed-loop with ongoing behavior. Optogenetic modulation of cerebellar output revealed monotonically graded and bidirectional control of real-time reach velocity by IntA. Furthermore, kinematic effects were relatively context invariant, suggesting that cerebellar output summates with ongoing motor commands generated elsewhere throughout the reaching movement. These results characterize the relationship between cerebellar output modulation and reach behavior as a bidirectional and scalable kinematic command signal. Our findings illustrate how learned, predictive coding in the cerebellar cortex could be actuated through the cerebellar nuclei to contribute in real time to purposive motor control.
Emotional Reactions to Cybersecurity Breach Situations: Scenario-Based Survey Study

Background With the ever-expanding interconnectedness of the internet and especially with the recent development of the Internet of Things, people are increasingly at risk for cybersecurity breaches that can have far-reaching consequences for their personal and professional lives, with psychological and mental health ramifications. Objective We aimed to identify the dimensional structure of emotion processes triggered by one of the most emblematic scenarios of cybersecurity breach, the hacking of one’s smart security camera, and explore which personality characteristics systematically relate to these emotion dimensions. Methods A total of 902 participants from the United Kingdom and the Netherlands reported their emotion processes triggered by a cybersecurity breach scenario. Moreover, they reported on their Big Five personality traits, as well as on key indicators for resilient, overcontrolling (internalizing problems), and undercontrolling (aggression) personality types. Results Principal component analyses revealed a clear 3-dimensional structure of emotion processes: emotional intensity, proactive versus fight/flight reactions, and affective versus cognitive/motivational reactions. Regression analyses revealed that more internalizing problems (β=.33, P<.001), resilience (β=.22, P<.001), and agreeableness (β=.12, P<.001) and less emotional stability (β=–.25, P<.001) have significant predictive value for higher emotional intensity. More internalizing problems (β=.26, P<.001), aggression (β=.25, P<.001), and extraversion (β=.07, P=.01) and less resilience (β=–.19, P<.001), agreeableness (β=–.34, P<.001), consciousness (β=–.19, P<.001), and openness (β=–.22, P<.001) have significant predictive value for comparatively more fight/flight than proactive reactions. Less internalizing problems (β=–.32, P<.001) and more emotional stability (β=.14, P<.001) and aggression (β=.13, P<.001) have significant predictive value for a comparatively higher salience for cognitive/motivational than affective reactions. Conclusions To adequately describe the emotion processes triggered by a cybersecurity breach, two more dimensions are needed over and above the general negative affectivity dimension. This multidimensional structure is further supported by the differential relationships of the emotion dimensions with personality characteristics. The discovered emotion structure could be used for consistent predictions about who is at risk to develop long-term mental well-being issues due to a cybersecurity breach experience.
Changes in temperature extremes and their relationship with ENSO in Malaysia from 1985 to 2018

Understanding the changes in temperature extremes is important for managing and coping with the risks associated with regional climate change. However, the climatological characteristics of temperature extremes and their variabilities is still not adequately studies in Malaysia. This study evaluates the spatial and temporal variations of temperature extremes over Malaysia for the period 1985–2018. This study includes four phases: (a) collection, quality control and homogeneity analysis of temperature data; (b) general (TXmean, TNmean, TMmean and DTR), warm (TXx, TNx, TX90p and TN90p) and cool (TXn, TNn, TX10p and TN10p) temperature extreme indices calculations; (c) trend analysis of temperature extremes using the Mann‐Kendall and Sens's slope test; and (d) analyses of correlations between temperature extremes and El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The results indicate a warming of surface temperature across Malaysia, particularly in Peninsular Malaysia. In general, TXmean, TNmean and TMmean increased significantly at 5% significance level by 0.12°C/decade, 0.27°C/decade and 0.17°C/decade, respectively. A significant decreasing trend in DTR by 0.12°C/decade is seen, which is related to the higher increasing rate of TNmean. All of the warm extreme indices, TXx, TNx, TX90p and TN90p presents significant increasing trends by 0.19°C/decade, 0.28°C/decade, 2.86%/decade and 3.08%/decade, respectively. For the cool extreme indices, TX10p and TN10p decreased significantly by 0.95%/decade and 3.18%/decade, respectively, though the trend in TXn by 0.11°C/decade is not statistically significant. The only cool index presenting a significant increasing trend is TNn by 0.44°C/decade, indicating a reduction of cool nights. Besides that, major cities in the northern and western parts of Peninsular Malaysia generally exhibit a higher warming trend compared to rural and highland area. These are possibly related to the intensified urban heat island effect under the rapid urbanization. This study also found that the ENSO affected warm extreme indices much stronger than cool extreme indices in Malaysia.
Blended Learning Model During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Analysis of Student’s' Mathematical Disposition

Received : 08-07-2020 Revised 1 : 15-07-2020 Revised 2 : 12-09-2020 Accepted : 14-09-2020 Online : 03-10-2020 The purpose of this study is to describe the mathematical disposition of students who use blended learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The research subjects were four students from the sixth semester of mathematics education study program. The research instrument was a student mathematical disposition questionnaire. The results of the study concluded that the average level of mathematical disposition of students was classified as moderate. If seen from the indicators, only the monitor and evaluate indicators are classified as high category. Indicators of persistence and perseverance, especially when lecturers present interesting contextual problems. Many indicators of curiosity arise when lecturers invite students to be active in learning, for example students are invited to study in groups. Many self-confidence indicators appear when lecturers ask students questions. While many flexible indicators appear when lecturers give open ended questions. Keyword:
Structure-based Development of Vitamin B5 Analogs and Evaluation of their Antimicrobial Efficiency against S. aureus and E. coli

The objective of this study is to evaluate pseudo-substrates of pantothenate kinase (PanK) for the therapeutic treatment of multidrug resistant bacterial infections of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Pantothenate (Pan) analogs, including Npentylpantothenamide (N5-Pan) and N-heptylpantothenamide (N7-Pan), hamper bacterial growth by utilizing the PanK enzymes, which normally catalyze the rate determining step of the Coenzyme A biosynthetic pathway. Here we report the structures of SaPanK, Human PanK3 and EcPanK complexed with N7-Pan or N5-Pan, all of which have provided the opportunity to investigate the structural differences of bacterial and human Pan binding sites. The MTT assay showed these analogs to exhibit no apparent cytotoxicity against Human A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells, human HepG2 hepatoma cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The presented structural differences have the potential for aiding the development of species-specific antimicrobial compounds with minimal effects on human cells.
Observations of planetary heating since the 1980s from multiple independent datasets

Time series of global mean surface temperature are widely used to measure the rate of climate change that results from Earth’s energy imbalance. However, studies based on climate model simulations suggest that on annual-to-decadal timescales global ocean heat content is a more reliable indicator. Here we examine the observational evidence for this, drawing together multiple datasets that span the past ∼30 years. This observational analysis strongly supports the model-based finding that global ocean heat content and sea level are more reliable than surface temperature for monitoring Earth’s energy accumulation on these timescales. Global ocean temperature anomalies in the 0–100 m and 100–250 m layers are negatively correlated (r = −0.36), primarily explained by the influence of the Tropical Pacific, and a clearer heating signal is revealed by integrating over deeper ocean layers. The striking agreement between multiple independent datasets represents unequivocal evidence of ongoing planetary heating.
Entomopathogenic Filamentous Fungi as Biocatalysts in Glycosylation of Methylflavonoids

Flavonoids are known for their numerous biological activities; however, their pharmacological application is limited by poor bioavailability. Glycosides are usually more stable and more soluble in water and in this form, flavonoids are present in nature. Likewise, the presence of the methyl group in the flavonoid skeleton results in facilitated absorption and greater bioavailability. Entomopathogenic filamentous fungi are effective in the biotransformation of flavonoids; they are known especially for efficient glycosylation. In the current study we used strains of Beauveria bassiana KCH J1.5 and Isaria fumosorosea KCH J2 to biotransform flavonoids with a single methyl group. 2′-Hydroxy-5′-methylchalcone was biotransformed by both strains into 2′-hydroxy-5′-methylchalcone 3-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. In the culture of B. bassiana KCH J1.5 four products were obtained from 6-methylflavanone: 4′-hydroxy-6-methylflavanone 3′-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside; 4′-hydroxyflavanone 6-methylene-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside; 6-hydroxymethylflavanone 3′-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside and 4′-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethylflavanone 3′-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. Biotransformation with I. fumosorosea KCH J2 as a biocatalyst resulted in the formation of 6-methylflavanone 4′-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside and 2-phenyl-6-methylchromane 4-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. All of these flavonoids can be used in biological activity tests and can be useful in studies concerning structure—bioactivity relationships.
Effects of water temperature over benthic diatom communities: insights from thermal springs

ABSTRACT Background Thermal springs provide extreme ecological conditions for aquatic communities owing to their high water temperature and particular water chemistry. The thermal springs and their connected watercourses provide a thermal laboratory by offering a wide range of temperatures within short spatial distances. To date, the information on how the biodiversity of these springs is related to water temperature or chemistry is limited. Aims We studied the effects of water temperature on diatom community diversity and structure with the objective to supply a baseline for the conservation of thermal springs. Methods We sampled 31 sites of 16 thermal springs across a temperature gradient between 18.5 and 63.0°C in the north-western Iberian Peninsula and related diatom richness and structure to water temperature. Results A total of 124 diatom species were identified in springs with water temperature between 18.5 and 42.4°C. Community diversity decreased with increasing temperature and the highest species richness was found at temperatures ≤ 25°C. Three diatom assemblages were defined, discriminated by temperature ranges (≤25°C, 25–35°C and ≥35°C). Conclusions Water temperature was found to be an important driver of diatom community composition in the thermal systems studied. Temperature affects diatom distribution decreasing diversity with the increase in global water temperature.
Avian acrosomal proteinases and seminal plasma proteinase inhibitors

3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete.
Prime Geodesic Theorems for Compact Locally Symmetric Spaces of Real Rank One

Our basic objects will be compact, even-dimensional, locally symmetric Riemannian manifolds with strictly negative sectional curvature. The goal of the present paper is to investigate the prime geodesic theorems that are associated with this class of spaces. First, following classical Randol’s appraoch in the compact Riemann surface case, we improve the error term in the corresponding result. Second, we reduce the exponent in the newly acquired remainder by using the Gallagher–Koyama techniques. In particular, we improve DeGeorge’s bound Oxη, 2ρ − ρn ≤ η < 2ρ up to Ox2ρ−ρnlogx−1, and reduce the exponent 2ρ − ρn replacing it by 2ρ − ρ4n+14n2+1 outside a set of finite logarithmic measure. As usual, n denotes the dimension of the underlying locally symmetric space, and ρ is the half-sum of the positive roots. The obtained prime geodesic theorem coincides with the best known results proved for compact Riemann surfaces, hyperbolic three-manifolds, and real hyperbolic manifolds with cusps.
An Exploration and an Application of the Recruitment Criteria on Qualified Personnel by the Analytic Hierarchy Process Method at Logistics Enterprises in Vietnam

This study aims to explore criteria for recruiting qualified personnel in logistics companies in Vietnam and apply these criteria into practical recruitment case by using a multiple decision-making method suggested by the authors. To explore recruitment criteria, the survey sample includes 224 logistics companies operating in one of the largest cities in Vietnam – Ho Chi Minh City. Cronbach’s Alpha testing methods and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to test and build measurement scales are utilized. In addition, multiple linear regression method was used to find out the influence on recruitment selection decision. The research results show that there are four criteria affecting the decision to recruit qualified personnel including skills, knowledge, health, and personality traits. These criteria are then applied into personnel selection by using analytic hierarchy process method to select the best candidate. The paper offers practical help to industrial practitioners on their recruitment activities.
Effects of Supplementary Lighting on Growth and Primary Nitrogen Metabolism of Greenhouse Lamb's Lettuce and Spinach.

Two cultivars of lamb's lettuce (Valerianella sp L. cvs. Valgros et Vit) and one cultivar of spinach (Spinacea oleracea L. cv. Martine RZ Fl) were subjected to supplemental lighting treatments provided by high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS, PL 90, P.L. Lighting Systems). The PAR level was 50 μmol– m–2· s–1. Seedlings were subjected to three photoperiods (natural, 12, and 16 h). The experiment was conducted from Jan. until Apr. 1994. The fresh weight of plants grown under supplemental light was higher than plants grown under natural light. Nitrate concentration was lower in the leaves of plants grown under supplemental light while nitrate reductase activity (NRA) was increased. The cultivar Valgros was more productive than Vit, but accumulated more nitrates. At harvest, the fresh weight of Valgros plants grown under 12- and 16-h photoperiods were 30% and 50% higher, respectively, than those grown under natural photoperiod. The fresh weight of Vit grown under 16 h of supplemental light was 30% higher than under natural photoperiod. The lowest nitrate concentrations in plants were obtained under a 16-h photoperiod and the highest NRA were obtained with the same treatment. Compared to that obtained under natural photoperiod, the fresh weight of spinach shoots was 40% higher when seedlings were lighted for 12 h and almost 100% under 16 h. The lowest nitrate accumulation in spinach was found for plants grown under 16 h supplemental lighting.
Application of deep learning to brain connectivity classification in large MRI datasets

Title: Application of Deep Learning to Brain Connectivity Classification in Large MRI Datasets The use of machine learning for whole-brain classification of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data is of clear interest, both for understanding phenotypic differences in brain structure and function and for diagnostic applications. Developments of deep learning models in the past decade have revolutionized photographic image and speech recognition, bringing promise to do the same to other fields of science. However, there are many practical and theoretical challenges in the translation of such methods to the unique context of MRIs of the brain. This thesis presents a theoretical underpinning for whole-brain classification of extremely large datasets of multi-site MRIs, including machine learning model architecture, dataset curation methods, machine learning visualization methods, encoding of MRI data, and feature extraction. To replicate large sample sizes typically applied to deep learning models, a dataset of over 50,000 functional and structural MRIs was amassed from nine different databases, and the undertaken analyses were conducted on three covariates commonly found across these collections: sex, resting state/task, and autism spectrum disorder. I find that deep learning is not only a method that has promise for clinical application in the future, but also a powerful statistical tool for analyzing complex, nonlinear relationships in brain data where conventional statistics may fail. However, results are also dependent on factors such as dataset imbalances, confounding factors such as motion and head size, selected methods of encoding MRI data, variability of machine learning models and selected methods of visualizing the machine learning results. In this thesis, I present the following methodological innovations: (1) a method of balancing datasets as a means of regressing out measurable confounding factors; (2) a means of removing spatial biases from deep learning visualization methods; (3) methods of encoding functional and structural datasets as connectivity matrices; (4) the use of ensemble models and convolutional neural network architectures to improve classification accuracy and consistency; (5) adaptation of deep learning visualization methods to study brain connections utilized in the classification process. Additionally, I discuss interpretations, limitations, and future directions of this research. Matthew Leming, June 2020
The Impact of Lecture and Interactive Methods on Student's English Competency

The current research deals with the perceptions of non-native students at a university college in Oman on the use of the lecture and interactive methods in teaching English. The aim is to find out the method which may assist satisfactorily in improving students’ Eng-lish language competency in terms of skills, developing their cognitive abilities and enhancing their personal growth. This study employs the quantitative approach through conducting and analyzing students’ questionnaires related to the lecture and interactive methods of teaching. The findings of this research indicate that the interactive methods are highly viewed by students while the lecture is lower. However, weak students incline to the lecture method in contrast to average, good and very good students. The implications of the use of both methods could be extended to the social side of education. Students exchange ideas, suggestions and feelings which contribute to strengthening their relationships as colleagues. They would practice expressing their thoughts freely and respecting the viewpoints of oth-ers no matter whether they agree or disagree with them. Consequently, this would have positive impacts on their lifestyle when dealing with their surrounding society and in workplaces in later stages.