Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic factors that lead to overfishing in small-scale coral reef fisheries of Papua New Guinea

The coral reefs of Papua New Guinea are among the most species diverse in the world, support an important artisanal fishery, but lack an effective national conservation programme. Increased commercialization, population growth, promotion of fisheries development projects, and the live reef food fish trade are expected to increase demand for the country's reef fish. This paper examines how socioeconomic factors affect the condition of the artisanal multi-species coral reef fishery in six sites in Papua New Guinea. Catch characteristics such as diversity, trophic level and body size by landing site were examined along a fishing pressure gradient. Both exogenous factors such as markets and endogenous factors such as fishing pressure were related to the condition of fish catch. In general, the trophic level and lengths of fish captured in Papua New Guinea were relatively high, but were reduced on reefs with high fishing effort near fish markets. Fisheries showed signs of depletion above c. 25 fishing trips per km2 per day and the proximity of markets was a better indicator of overfishing than human population size. A cross-scale approach to fisheries management is required in Papua New Guinea to coordinate decentralized local management, limit the intrusion of extractive enterprises, and develop policies that seek to minimize exogenous pressures on marine resources.
Analysis of Site-City Interaction in Rome Due to Recent Urbanization: Geological Modeling and Preliminary Numerical Results

This paper shows the results of a study focusing on the local seismic response of the Fosso di Vallerano valley (Rome, Italy). These results represent the starting point for future evaluations of the changes expected for the same local seismic response in the case of the presence of buildings (i.e. Site-City Interaction). This test site was selected for the following reasons: i) it is characterized by a complex geological setting; ii) it represents a very recent urban area. A detailed structural and stratigraphic setting of the valley was obtained by field investigations and by corelating several tens of borehole log-stratigraphies. All these parameters have been considered in a 1D numerical modeling performed to estimate the resonant frequencies and the related amplification values for the site under free field conditions. This analysis pointed out the relevant role of the layering of the subsoil deposits on the local seismic response.
Two new species and a new record of Indian Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)

Two new species of Encyrtidae are described from the Indian state of Uttarakhand. These are Mayrencyrtus elegans sp. nov. Hayat and Khan, and Parablatticida brevivalvula sp. nov. Hayat and Khan. The nine other encyrtids recorded are listed. The genus Mayrencyrtus Hincks and Copidosoma anceus are the new records from India. The type specimens are deposited at the National Pusa Collection, Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
MEASURING THE STRENGTH OF ILLINOIS’ MUNICIPAL RESERVES: DO COMMUNITIES HAVE THE FLEXIBILITY TO WRESTLE WITH UNFORESEEN EVENTS? SHANNON SOHL, ANDY BLANKE AND NORMAN WALZER CENTER FOR GOVERNMENTAL STUDIES AT NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY

Th is study explores the fi scal condition of Illinois communities by evaluating levels of unrestricted net assets for municipalities with 10,000 to 50,000 residents that issue fi nancial reports using generally-accepted accounting principles. Recognizing that reserves available for discretionary use are critical to dealing with unforeseen events and responding to unmet needs, it uses multivariate analysis to identify relationships between poverty rates, Home Rule status, the structure of government, and other variables on reserve levels. Th e report also outlines important steps communities can take to bring reserves to more fi nancially healthy levels.
he representational–hierarchical view of amnesia: Translation from nimal to human

Animal research has, in our opinion, made an invaluable contribution to our understanding of human amnesia. In this article we summarise our and others’ work in this area, focusing on a new view of amnesia we refer to as the representational–hierarchical view. According to this view—and in contrast to the prevailing paradigm in the field—the brain is best understood as a hierarchically organized continuum of representations, each of which is useful for a variety of cognitive functions. We focus our review on four visual discrimination paradigms that have been successfully translated into the human arena: configural concurrent discriminations, pair-wise “morph” discriminations, oddity discriminations, and configural oddity discriminations. The data from the animal studies are first reviewed, followed by illustrations of how the tasks have been utilized in human research. We then turn to the canonical impairment in
ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF LANTANA CAMARA AGAINST SOME ISOLATED PATHOGENIC BACTERIA Al-Khafaji

In view of the fact that ancient time, plants have been a tremendous source of medicine. Lantana camara has scientifically studied for various therapeutic activities like antioxidant, antipyretic, larvicidal, insecticidal, antimicrobia l, wound healing and anti–hyperglycemic. The inhibitory effects of different extracts of leaves, immature and mature fruits of Lantana camara on the isolated bacterial strains in Mueller Hinton agar, using disc and well diffusion methods were studied. Inhibition zones were measured in mm 24 hours of incubation. All the dependent extracts have been fo und to inhibit the growth of tested bacterial strains. In general, regardless the metho d of study and type of extraction and parts of the plant, E.coli showed the most sensitivity, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus, Bacillus subtilis respectively and lastly Klebsiella. In disc method, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most sensitive, followed by Proteus and finally the least sensitive were each of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella. While in well method, E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the most sensitive, followed by each of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus, and lastly, the least sensitive was Klebsiella. Against mature fruit extract, the most sensitive strain was E. coli, followed by each of Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and lastly the least sensitive was Proteus. Against immature fruit extract, S. aureus was the most sensitive, followed by each of Proteus, Pseudomonas, E. coli, Bacillus subtilis and lastly the least sensitive was Klebsiella. E.coli was the most sensitive followed by each of Pseudomonas and Proteus, and lastly Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella. Against aqueous extract, E. coli was the most sensitive, followed by each of Pseudomonas, Proteus and Staphylococcus and finally the least sensitive was Bacillus, while Klebsiella showed no sensitivity. While against alcohol extract, each of E. coli, Bacillus, Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas showed the same level of sensitivity, followed by Klebsiella and finally the least sensitive was Proteus.
Cotton Balls as an Oviposition Substrate for Laboratory Rearing of Phytophagous Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Abstract Studies were conducted to test the suitability of absorbent cotton as an oviposition substrate for phytophagous stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). In confined boxes, >80% of total egg masses of Euschistus heros (F.), Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas), and Thyanta perditor (F.) were laid on cotton; for Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) and Chinavia impicticornis (Stål), >60%. However, Nezara viridula (L.) and Edessa meditabunda (F.) did not oviposit on cotton balls, but instead on the box walls, on filter paper, or on food. Newly hatched nymphs successfully (>95%) left the eggshells despite the presence of cotton fibers around the egg masses.
Long-term water quality changes in a multiple- stressor system: a diatom-based paleolimnological study of Lake Simcoe (Ontario, Canada)

Diatom-based paleolimnological techniques were used to assess long-term changes in the water quality of Lake Simcoe (Ontario, Canada) using 210Pb-dated sediment cores from four sites across the lake. Modest lake-wide shifts in diatom community composition occurred in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, suggesting that early cultural disturbances (e.g., land clearance and canal construction) had relatively minor effects on Lake Simcoe water quality. However, starting in the 1930s, phosphorus loading to the lake increased, which was closely tracked by increases in diatom taxa indicative of eutrophic conditions. The most pronounced lake-wide shift in diatom assemblages occurred in the mid- to late 20th century, the nature and timing of which strongly suggested a response to regional climate warming. An additional and marked lake-wide shift in diatom assemblages occurred in the mid-1990s, coinciding with the invasion of dreissenid mussels in Lake Simcoe. Our results indicate that Lake Simcoe water quality.
Weed preference and growth of young grass carp in New Zealand.

Abstract In each of eight 5‐day pond experiments carried out at intervals over a year, 0+ to 1 +‐year‐old grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella Val. , were offered a choice of at least 10 species of water weeds from the Rotorua area. Water temperature was measured each day. Food selectivity decreased with increasing temperature and size of fish, but preference for the weeds did not change. At summer temperatures the fish ate much weed and grew at about 4g/fish/day, but in winter little food was taken and growth was slow.
The Youth Pastor: Linking the Past with the Future through Youth Ministry

The relationship between Baptist identity and youth ministry are inseparable. The future identity of the Baptist Union of Southern Africa (hereafter BUSA) is directly dependent on the present well-being of its youth ministry. The current situation of the BUSA youth ministry threatens the future identity of the BUSA, due to an inadequate theological articulation of the youth ministry and youth pastor. This article attempts to address the current situation in the BUSA through both a literature review and an empirical research of churches. The article argues that by developing a theology for both the youth ministry and the youth pastor, the youth ministry can have a significant impact on the future Baptist identity, and simultaneously, also address the current crisis as experienced in the BUSA youth ministry.
ΔBAFF, a Splice Isoform of BAFF, Opposes Full-Length BAFF Activity In Vivo in Transgenic Mouse Models1

ΔBAFF is a novel splicing isoform of the regulator B cell-activating factor (BAFF, BLyS), a TNF family protein with powerful immunoregulatory effects. Overexpression of BAFF leads to excessive B cell accumulation, activation, autoantibodies, and lupus-like disease, whereas an absence of BAFF causes peripheral B cell immunodeficiency. Based on the ability of ΔBAFF to multimerize with full-length BAFF and to limit BAFF proteolytic shedding from the cell surface, we previously proposed a role for ΔBAFF in restraining the effects of BAFF and in regulating B lymphocyte homeostasis. To test these ideas we generated mice transgenic for ΔBAFF under the control of human CD68 regulatory elements, which target expression to myeloid and dendritic cells. We also generated in parallel BAFF transgenic mice using the same expression elements. Analysis of the transgenic mice revealed that ΔBAFF and BAFF had opposing effects on B cell survival and marginal zone B cell numbers. ΔBAFF transgenic mice had reduced B cell numbers and T cell-dependent Ab responses, but normal preimmune serum Ig levels. In contrast, BAFF transgenic mice had extraordinarily elevated Ig levels and increases in subsets of B cells. Unexpectedly, both BAFF and ΔBAFF appeared to modulate the numbers of B-1 phenotype B cells.
Walking and take‐off in Aphis fabae.

ABSTRACT. A walking aphid ready to emigrate is directed by light, gravity and mechanical stimuli to the upper and outer parts of the plant. There, the new conditions enhance the probability of take‐off, as a kinetic response, but the precise moment at which the aphid stops walking and takes flight does not depend on any new external (‘releasing’) stimulus. The probability of take‐off, then, appears to depend partly on substrate stimuli received during walking. Aphids were tested either when suspended by the thorax (and carrying and walking on spheres or paper bands) or when walking on a treadmill with a variable surface structure and aspect relative to gravity. A variety of situations that stimulated faster walking (e.g. a ‘cat‐walk’), also delayed take‐off. Other situations that retarded walking (e.g. being upside‐down), similarly delayed taking off, and tended as well to induce probing of the surface. A common feature of these latter situations appeared to be that they elicited traction movements of the legs on the surface: a flexor reflex opposed to the leg extension that regularly precedes a take‐off.
Root Canal Morphology of Human Permanent Mandibular Anterior Teeth in an Indian Population using CBCT

The tenets of root-canal treatment are the preparation, cleaning, and sealing of the root canals. An understanding of the variations in root-canal anatomy is necessary by those carrying out treatment. Recognition of a variation when it occurs is the first and most frequent step in completing successful treatment for these teeth.This study was done to evaluate differences in the root and canal configurations of mandibular permanent anterior incisors and canines in an Indian population by means of Cone Beam CT (CBCT) images
Life Cycle Assessment of Paperboard Packaging Produced in Thailand

This paper presents the results obtained from the life cycle assessment of a paperboard box produced from virgin pulp and old corrugated box in Thailand. All materials and resources use, energy use, and emissions to environment of each processes in the life cycle were identified and analysed. In impact assessment, contributions to five environmental impact potentials were analysed i.e. global warming, acidification, eutrophication, photochemical ozone formation (smog formation), and solid waste generation. The result showed that the most important process with respect to environmental impacts was landfilling of the corrugated box after use. For energy use, drying processes in paperboard factory were the major contribution. For solid waste generation, board and box production was the major sources. A number of modifications in the product’s life cycle were analysed in order to identify more environmentally friendly solutions. Emissions from landfill could be reduced significantly by increasing recycling and implementing efficient landfill gas collection and treatment system in landfills in Thailand. Reduction of electricity consumption in factories, re-design of the container for lower weight and increased reuse reduced impacts significantly throughout the life cycle.
NEW HOST AND OCEAN RECORDS FOR DRIOCEPHALUS CEREBRINOXIUS (SPHYRIIDAE, SIPHONOSTOMATOIDA) AND A RECONSIDERATION OF PHYLOGENY WITHIN SPHYRIIDAE

Background. Driocephalus cerebrinoxius is an unusual representative of an unusual family of parasitic copepods (Sphyriidae, Siphonostomatoida, Copepoda). This report documents new host and ocean records for D. cerebrinoxius and considers the phylogenetic relationships amongst sphyriid (Sphyriidae) genera. Materials and Methods. Copepods collected from trawl-caught fishes were studied using light microscopy and standard staining, manipulation, and measuring techniques. The phylogenetic analysis (parsimony outgroup analysis) was conducted using adult female morphological characteristics of sphyriid genera. Results. Driocephalus cerebrinoxius is reported for the first time from the Pacific Ocean and from the star-spotted smooth hound, Mustelus manazo (Triakidae, Carcharhiniformes). The cladistic analysis of sphyriid taxa resulted in 12 shortest trees, each with a length of 16 and consistency index of 0.875. Strict and majority rule consensus trees are presented. Conclusions. Due to the paucity of morphological characters available for analysis, a robust phylogenetic hypothesis for taxa comprising Sphyriidae is best sought using molecular tools. Without a robust phylogeny it is premature to undertake associated analyses regarding historical ecology within Sphyriidae.
First report of ' Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' (16SrI group) causing stunt of tomato in Cuba

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important vegetable in Cuba and worldwide. In 2009, a disease suspected to be associated with phytoplasmas was observed in tomato fields in Mayabeque, in the locality of San Jose in the western region of the country. Symptoms most frequently displayed were shortened internodes and stunting, chlorosis and reduced leaf size in approximately 40% of tomato plants but others included abnormal shoot proliferation and reduced fruit size. Leaf samples of plants with symptoms were collected and total DNA was extracted (Doyle & Doyle, 1990) and used as template in a nested PCR assay to amplify the phytoplasma 16S rDNA gene with primer pairs R16F2n/R2 (Gundersen & Lee, 1996) and fU5/rU3 (Lorenz et al., 1995). Products of the expected size (approximately 1240 and 880 bp respectively) were amplified for fifteen out of forty-five (15/45) symptom-bearing plants, but not from the symptomless plants. Restriction profiles after digestion of amplicons with HpaII, HaeIII and Sau3AI endonucleases (data not shown) were all identical to each other and to those of reference phytoplasma strains related to 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' (16SrI group)(Lee et al., 1998). A selected PCR product was cloned into the pGEM-T Easy Vector (Promega) and three clones were further sequenced. Sequence alignment with ClustalW method demonstrated that the clones from Cuban tomato phytoplasma were indistinguishable. One of the sequences was deposited in GenBank (JN383913) and compared by BLASTn with available DNA sequences. According to the results Cuban tomato phytoplasma showed the highest sequence similarity (99%) with Potato phytoplasma Islamabad (FJ178388), a strain related to 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' (Aster yellows group (16SrI)). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Cuban tomato phytoplasma isolate clustered with 16SrI phytoplasmas being also related to the phytoplasma reported by Arocha et al. (2007) in sweet pepper (Capsicum sp.) in Cuba (Fig. 1).
Development of a replicon based DNA vaccine encoding canine distemper H gene

Among the six proteins of canine distemper namely H, N, P, M.L and F, the highest antigenic variation is is found in the H protein, whereas F and P proteins are affected to a much lower extent. In this study, replicase based DNA vaccine was tried and we found there is rise in both the CD4+ and CD8+ cells of the immunized dogs, the increase in CD8+ cells is more than that in CD4+ cells. The relative quantification of the template strands for the cytokines IFNY, IL2 and IL4 increased over healthy group. Overall, pSinCMV.cdvh rplasmid can be used as a potent vaccine against canine distemper in dogs which increases cellular as well as humoral immune response.
Ophiuroid phylogeny and higher taxonomy: morphological, molecular and palaeontological perspectives

Abstract A cladistic analysis of the class Ophiuroidea at subfamily level is presented based on a morphological data base of 43 characters. The tree is rooted using the best known fossil member of the stem-group. This identifies Ophiocanopidae as sister group to other extant ophiuroids, which themselves fall into two major groups, the Ophiurida and the Euryalida. Although our most parsimonious solution is highly resolved, not all parts of the cladogram are well supported. Molecular data from the 5′ end of the large subunit ribosomal RNA molecule are presented for 10 taxa, with representatives from major higher groupings. This provides some support for the morphological tree, but leaves most of the deep branches unresolved. A phylogenetic tree is constructed for ophiuroids by selecting one of the cladograms as our working hypothesis and calibrating this against the stratigraphic record of the group. A revised taxonomy for the group is presented and the new taxon Ophiodermatina is erected.
The Green Algal Ancestry of Land Plants as Revealed by the Chloroplast Genome

The phylum Streptophyta comprises all land plants and six monophyletic groups of charophycean green algae. Which of these charophycean groups is the most closely related to land plants has long been debated. In 2001, a phylogenetic analysis of four genes encoded by three cellular compartments was inferred that robustly supports the placement of the Charales as sister to land plants as well as the notion that charophycean green algae evolved progressively toward an increasing cellular complexity. This view on the origin of land plants is now being challenged by recent analyses of chloroplast genome sequences from six charophyceans. Phylogenies inferred from multiple chloroplast genes and proteins support the hypothesis that the Charales are sister to a clade composed of the Coleochaetales, the Zygnematales, and land plants, thus implying a more complex evolutionary history for charophycean green algae. Analyses of four sets of genomic features (gene content, intron content, gene order, and insertions/deletions in coding regions) provided strong, independent evidence for the early emergence of the Charales and revealed that most of the features typical of land plant chloroplast genomes were inherited from their green algal ancestors. Here we review the information derived from these comparative genome analyses and present some additional, complementary analyses.
Delirium in the ICU - A structured review of promising diagnostic and therapeutic approaches: Next steps in ICU delirium

Background: The purpose of this review is to provide a structured overview of emerging diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for delirium in critically ill patients. Methods: Literature searches were carried out to identify relevant articles for both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches other than those included in the 2018 Pain, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep Disruption in Adult Patients in the ICU guidelines, including prospective and retrospective studies. Results: Regarding diagnostic approaches seven articles were included. The Neelon and Champagne (NEECHAM) Confusion Scale, Stanford Proxy Test for Delirium (S-PTD), and DelAppICU yielded excellent diagnostic performances. We included seven articles studying different therapies. Some therapies showed potential to decrease the burden of delirium, using different pathophysiological pathways than antipsychotics. Conclusion: Alternative screening tools may help in ICU delirium detection, either as replacement or combined with the Confusion Assessment Method for ICU (CAM-ICU) and Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC), and other therapies than antipsychotics may reduce delirium burden, but further studies are required.