Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potato variety screening for its late blight of potato (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) resistance and yield performance in Northern Shewa, Central Highlands of Ethiopia

Abstract In North Shewa potato production is limited due to lack of awareness of potato production and lack of improved potato varieties, low yield of potato and potato devastating by late blight. The field experiments were conducted to evaluate the resistance levels of potato varieties against late blight and to evaluate the yield performance of potato varieties. A total of 12 varieties were arranged in randomly complete block design (RCBD) in three replications on a plot of 3 m X 3 m (9 m2) at three research locations during 2018 and 2019 main cropping seasons. Disease severities, disease progress curves, disease progress rate, tuber yield were significantly (P < 0.01) affected by potato varieties, locations and cropping seasons. On average of both cropping seasons, the varieties Menagesha, Ararsa, Chala, and Wechecha were susceptible while Gera, Gudenie, Belete, Chekole and Netib5 were moderately resistant to late blight of potato at each research site although there are some variations. Therefore, farmers at Debre Berhan are recommended to use Gudenie, Belete, Gera and Netib5 varieties while at Tengego, Gudenie, Belete, Chekole and Jalenie are recommendable. At Megezez the varieties of Gera, Netib5, Belete and Chekole are recommended.
HIGH Q MICROWAVE ACOUSTIC RESONATORS AND FILTERS

This paper presents recent experimental results and modeling obtained on high Q microwave acoustic resonators and filters for use in oscillators and other frequency control applications. Overmoded resonators have exhibited an FQ greater than 1 x 1014 Hz ( e.g. Q=68000 at 1.6 GHz) with a strong inductive response suitable for one-port and two-port oscillator feedback circuits. Ladder filters fabricated with overmoded resonators have loaded Q’s greater than 40000 with 76 KHz bandwidth at 1.6 GHz. Aluminum nitride films were use for transduction on Z-cut sapphire substrates.
Consumer Perceptions of Food Packaging: Contributing to or Counteracting Environmentally Sustainable Development?

Packaging has a fundamental role in ensuring safe delivery of goods throughout supply chains to the end consumer in good condition. It also has great potential to contribute to sustainable development. This paper explores and provides insights on Swedish consumer perceptions and knowledge of environmental aspects of food packaging and elaborates on how these can contribute to or counteract environmentally sustainable development. A study based on a consumer survey carried out in Sweden is presented. A review of recent packaging research emphasizes the protective function of packaging as its most important contribution to the environmental dimension of sustainable development. Contrary to this, consumers almost exclusively refer to the packaging material when it comes to their perceptions of the environmental impact of packaging. Paper‐based packaging is strongly understood by the surveyed consumers to be environmentally advantageous, whereas plastic and metal are not. This study further indicates that a majority of the Swedish consumers surveyed are aware of their shortcomings in judging the environmental status of food packaging, indicating a need for guidance; otherwise, consumer choices can unintendedly counteract environmentally sustainable intentions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Empirical Analysis of Effects of Wait Time and Rain Intensity on Driver Left-Turn Gap Acceptance Behavior

An empirical study was conducted to quantify the impact of several variables on driver left-turn gap acceptance behavior. These variables included gap duration, the driver's wait time in search of an appropriate acceptable gap, the time traveled by a driver to clear a conflict point, and the rain intensity. Gap acceptance data for a permissive left-turn maneuver at a signalized intersection were collected over a 2-month period. Logistic regression models calibrated to the data reveal that the acceptable gap duration decreases as a function of the driver's wait time and increases as the rain intensity increases. The study then demonstrates how the critical gap is influenced by a number of parameters, including the wait time and rain intensity, and also demonstrates how rain intensity affects the permissive left-turn saturation flow rate. It is anticipated that these findings can be used to develop weather-specific traffic signal timings that account for changes in traffic stream saturation flow rates due to changes in critical gap values as a function of weather conditions.
Marshallian and Walrasian Theory, Complementary or Alternative Approaches ? The Views in Presence

The aim of this paper is to examine economists’ views about the relationship between Marshallian and Walrasian theory. Are the complementary, as is usually believed, or do they constitute alternative research programmes ? My paper compares two viewpoints on this matter, the conciliatory and the antagonistic views. After describing these, I present my own standpoint : I do believe that there is a Marshall-Walras divide but I have serious objections to the way n which the argument for this divide is usually made. In particular, I object to the tendency to treat the Marshallian approach as good and the Walrasian one as bad. In the last part of the paper, I dispute the view held by several authors that an embryonic general equilibrium model is to be found in Marshall’s Principles
Biological responses to P‐limitation in indigenous bacteria isolated from drinking water

Biofilm formation in direct biofiltration causes operational issues such as accelerated head loss accumulation rate resulting in short filter runtime. Applying coagulant in low P level source water may impose bacteria to the P‐limited condition. It is hypothesized that the nutrient limitation, specifically P, as an essential macronutrient for bacteria causes stress and triggers excess extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Two of the most biofilm‐producing bacteria were isolated from a full‐scale biofilter, provided the opportunity to study the indigenous biofilter bacteria. The isolated bacteria were identified using full‐length 16S rRNA and characterized. The biological behavior of the species was studied under different P‐limited conditions in a nutrient‐limited medium simulating freshwater nutrient availability. Carbohydrate and Protein‐EPS were increased when decreasing the available P in the medium, suggesting that lack of P can trigger higher EPS.
ANALISIS PELATIHAN ASESMEN KOMPETENSI MINIMUM

The Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM) is a measure of literacy and numeracy achievement, which is used to map the quality of education in Indonesia with international standards. How important AKM training is because it increases teacher competence to develop learning frameworks that lead to students' reasoning in literacy and numeracy and character surveys. The purpose of this analysis is to ensure that the AKM training for teachers greatly impacts the development of a learning framework and motivates teachers to participate in the training enthusiastically and implement it consistently for students. This analysis uses a literature review method taken from various sources of reading and analysis that has been done. The findings in this study are that teachers still use a standard learning framework by providing an assessment that is limited to testing memory. The results of this study are recommendations for teachers to be enthusiastic about developing competencies and become study materials for further research. Keywords: assessment, competency, literacy, numeracy Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum (AKM) menjadi pengukur capaian literasi dan numerasi, yang digunakan untuk memetakan mutu pendidikan di Indonesia dengan standar internasional. Betapa pentingnya pelatihan AKM karena meningkatkan kompetensi guru untuk mengembangkan kerangka pembelajaran yang mengarah kepada penalaran peserta didik dalam literasi dan numerasi, serta survey karakter. Tujuan analisis ini adalah meyakinkan bahwa pelatihan AKM bagi guru sangat berdampak pada pengembangan kerangka pembelajaran dan memotivasi guru untuk mengikuti pelatihan dengan antusias serta mengimplementasikannya kepada peserta didik secara konsisten. Analisis ini menggunakan metode kajian literatur yang diambil dari berbagai sumber bacaan dan analisis yang sudah pernah dilakukan. Temuan dalam kajian ini adalah guru masih menggunakan kerangka pembelajaran yang standar dengan pemberian asesmen yang sebatas menguji ingatan. Hasil kajian ini menjadi rekomendasi bagi para guru untuk bersemangat dalam mengembangkan kompetensi dan menjadi bahan kajian untuk dapat diteliti lebih lanjut. Katakunci : asesmen, kompetensi, literasi, numerasi
Dynamic NBTI of PMOS transistors and its impact on device lifetime

We report a new NBTI phenomenon for p-MOSFETs with ultra thin gate oxides. We demonstrate that in a CMOS inverter circuit, the interface traps generated under NBTI stressing in a p-MOSFET (corresponding to the "high" output state of the inverter) are subsequently passivated when the gate to drain voltage switches to positive (corresponding to the "low" output state of the inverter). As a result, it was found that this "Dynamic" NBTI (DNBTI) operating in a CMOS inverter circuit prolongs significantly the device lifetime while the conventional "static" NBTI (SNBTI) underestimates the device lifetime. Furthermore, the DNBTI effect is dependent on temperature and gate oxide thickness, but independent of operation frequency. A physical model is proposed for DNBTI that involves the interaction between hydrogen and silicon dangling bonds. This finding has significant impact on the determination of maximum operation voltage as well as lifetime projection for future scaling of CMOS devices.
The origins and functional effects of postzygotic mutations throughout the human lifespan

Postzygotic mutations (PZMs) begin to accrue in the human genome immediately after fertilization, but how and when PZMs affect development and lifetime health remains unclear. To study the origins and functional consequences of PZMs, we generated a multi-tissue atlas of PZMs from 948 donors using the final major release of the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. Nearly half the variation in mutation burden among tissue samples can be explained by measured technical and biological effects, while 9% can be attributed to donor-specific effects. Through phylogenetic reconstruction of PZMs, we find that their type and predicted functional impact varies during prenatal development, across tissues, and the germ cell lifecycle. Remarkably, a class of prenatal mutations was predicted to be more deleterious than any other category of genetic variation investigated and under positive selection as strong as somatic mutations in cancers. In total, the data indicate that PZMs can contribute to phenotypic variation throughout the human lifespan, and, to better understand the relationship between genotype and phenotype, we must broaden the long-held assumption of one genome per individual to multiple, dynamic genomes per individual. One-Sentence Summary The predicted rates, functional effects and selection pressure of postzygotic mutations vary through the human lifecycle.
Robust controller design for a parallel resonant converter using /spl mu/-synthesis

DC-to-DC resonant power converters have been the subject of much attention recently. These power converters have the potential to provide high-performance conversion without some of the problems associated with classical pulse-width modulation (PWM)-based converters, thus allowing for smaller, lighter power supplies. However, in order to achieve this, a suitable control circuit, capable of maintaining the desired output voltage under different operating conditions, is required. In the past, small-signal models obtained around the nominal operating points were used to design controllers that attempted to keep the output voltage constant in the presence of input perturbations. However, these controllers did not take into account either load or components variations, and thus could lead to instability in the face of component or load changes. Moreover, the prediction of the frequency range for stability was done a posteriori, either experimentally or by a trial-and-error approach. In this paper, the authors use /spl mu/-synthesis to design a robust controller for a conventional parallel resonant power converter. In addition to guaranteeing stability for a wide range of load conditions, the proposed controller rejects disturbances at the power converter input while keeping the control input and the settling time within values compatible with a practical implementation. These results are validated by means of detailed nonlinear circuit simulations obtained using PSpice.
Effect of Median Treatment on Urban Arterial Safety: An Accident Prediction Model

The development of a model for predicting the safety of an urban arterial street with a specified median treatment is described. The median treatments considered are raised-curb median, two-way left-turn lane (TWLTL), and undivided cross section. The model calibration was based on maximum-likelihood techniques, an assumed negative binomial distribution of the residuals, and a nonlinear relationship between accident frequency and daily traffic demand and segment length. Several conclusions were formulated on the basis of the model developed. One conclusion is that average daily traffic demand, driveway density, unsignalized public street approach density, median type, and adjacent land use are significantly correlated with accident frequency. In general, accidents are more frequent on street segments with higher traffic demands, driveway densities, or public street densities. Accidents are also more frequent when the land use is business or office as opposed to residential or industrial. The undivided cross section was shown to have a significantly higher accident frequency than the TWLTL or raisedcurb median treatment when parallel parking is allowed on the undivided street. When there is no parking allowed on either type of street, the difference between the undivided, TWLTL, and raised-curb median treatments is less distinct; however, the raised-curb median treatment tends to yield the lowest accident frequency in most situations.
Vacuum: Efficient and Assured Deletion Scheme for User Sensitive Data on Mobile Devices

Embedded devices (e.g., mobile phones, smart watches, etc.) store a large amount of sensitive information. However, Android-based devices may leak a lot of user information if unsafe data deletion. Therefo re, research on secure data deletion for embedded devices has become a practical and urgent issue. In this article, we study the logic structure, operation characteristics, and data management mechanisms of flash memory. Then, we propose a novel method Vacuum that uses a user-space file system and can provide fine-grained file deletion guarantees. Our approach encrypts files on an insecure medium with a unique key that can later be discarded to cryptographically render the data irrecoverable. Additionally, we use TrustZone as a secure key vault, and a garbage collection mechanism is introduced to purge the memory. Finally, we carried out experiments on the Android system, and the results showed that the solution is efficient and can meet the needs of real applications.
Empirical Analysis of Quality Improvement in Manufacturing

Despite a strong research output in quality in recent years, the literature is still scant in empirical studies of commonly held quality theories. Empirically investigates the operational and strategic impact of improved process quality and describes the construction of a model of process quality and its correlates in manufacturing. Using empirical data, the study performs a micro assessment of the impact of quality on operations performance. Implications for the business unit as a whole are also considered. Since the research domain of the study is manufacturing industry, the conformance dimension of quality has been adopted as a more precise and measurable definition than those followed in other research. Structural equation modelling (SEM) is used for analysing the magnitude and direction of hypothesized relationships, a rigorous and reliable way of testing multivariate data and path models. Research findings generally support the consensus view that there is a favourable impact of enhanced quality in .
Optimal Power Splitting of Wireless Information and Power Transmission using a Novel Dual-Channel Rectenna

Traditionally, the signal power is divided equally between dual functions in Wireless Information and Power Transmission (WIPT), which, intuitively, is not an optimal solution since the power sensitivities for communication and charging node pose different constraints for signals. To address this challenge, a two-channel rectenna with an asymmetrical coupler feeding network (ACFN) has been proposed for WIPT under the power and time sharing (PS and TS) schemes. The proposed two-port rectenna consists of a receiving antenna integrated with ACFN where one output port is connected to a rectifying circuit while the other is used for information recovery. Different from the conventional PS scheme with equal division, the proposed rectenna can adjust ratios of power at two outputs. That is, routing high power to the RF-DC port, and transferring low power but of sufficient signal-noise-ratio (SNR) to the port being used for signal demodulation/decoding. As a result, the simulated/ measured maximum RF-DC conversion efficiency of the rectenna can reach up to 73.9%/70.4% for Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulated signals and 63.9%/60.7% for continuous wave (CW) signals. In addition, good isolation between the two output ports ensures low interference against information decoding.
Churning and profitability in the U.S. corporate sector

This paper establishes that entry and exit regulate the top half of the proﬁtability distribution in the post-1970 U.S. economy. We, ﬁrst, document stability in the distribution of total proﬁts earned on tangible, intangible, and ﬁnancial capital. Whereas a narrower measure of returns on tangible capital, instead, suggests rising dispersion, it fails to capture post-1970 growth in intangible and ﬁnancial assets. Second, we use quantile decompositions to show that churning – speciﬁcally, exit for cause – regulates median and top-end proﬁtability. Thus, the process by which competition drives out unproﬁtable ﬁrms acts to stabilize proﬁt rates in the U.S. economy.
Relations between infrastructure innovations and tourism spending in developed countries: A macroeconomic perspective

Tourism spending as well as innovations are characterized by great economic value, which emphasizes the need for their research from a macroeconomic perspective. The objective of the research was to assess the significance of the relations between infrastructure innovations and tourism spending in a sample of developed countries. The analytical processes included macroeconomic indicators expressing tourism spending and innovations. The research sample con- sisted of 36 countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2010–2019). The analytical processes were primarily performed using robust panel regression and cluster analysis. One of the most important findings is that innovations in information and communication technologies (ICTs) were dominant in terms of the effects on tourism visitors’ spending. The results showed that innovations in other areas of infrastructure (general infrastructure, ecological sustainability) should not be neglected either. The significant effects of selected in- novation indicators showed positive trajectories. As a result, with the strengthening of innovation activities, an increase in tourism spending is expected, which may lead to economic development. It can be assumed that innovation efforts in countries such as Mexico, the Slovak Republic and Turkey could have great potential for improvement. Based on the results, innovations should be considered a part of tourism development strategies, while ICTs play an important role in this issue. It is desirable to support effective tools to increase the number of innovations in tourism. These innovation efforts at the national level may translate into higher tourism spending, which appears to be economically beneficial.
Saturated Threshold Event-Triggered Control for Multiagent Systems Under Sensor Attacks and Its Application to UAVs

This paper investigates the secure consensus tracking problem for continuous-time nonlinear multiagent systems with sensor attacks. By designing a secure data selector, the unattacked output data is extracted from a group of output measurements under sparse sensor attacks. Then, by virtue of the obtained data and neural networks, a state observer is constructed to estimate the unavailable system states, where the convex combination theory is introduced to reduce the difficulty of solving observation gains. To utilize the limited communication resources reasonably, a novel saturated threshold event-triggered control strategy is proposed to reduce control updates, and then each update is encoded into a binary signal (0 or 1) to further reduce the occupation of communication bandwidth. The designed control scheme ensures that all closed-loop signals are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded, and its effectiveness is verified via a simulation of attitude control of unmanned aerial vehicles.
A Uniform Model for Stray Current of Long-Line DC Metro Systems

With the rapid development of the metro, a series of problems caused by the stray current is becoming increasingly serious. Evaluation of stray current is the primary but difficult step for dealing with the problems. In fact, since metros are usually constructed by cut-an-cover tunnel, shield tunnel, and viaduct, the metro structure is one of the most important factors of stray current. It is significant to evaluate stray current in the long line with the variable metro structures. Based on this, a uniform model is built in this article. The return current system is equivalent to multiple differential units considering the variability of the metro structure, and differential units at each location can be set according to the actual metro structure. Furthermore, uniform equations for solving stray currents are deuced based on the electrical relationships of differential units. For variable metro structures, uniform boundary conditions are discussed to solve the equations. The model is verified by comparing the test data and simulation data of Shenzhen Metro. Finally, stray current along the long line is evaluated in this article. It is shown that the stray current is smaller along the long line, which is formed by the viaduct.