Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diel and temporal habitat use of four juvenile fishes in a complex glacial lake

Abstract Weber NJ, Brown ML. 2012. Diel and temporal habitat use of four juvenile fishes in a complex glacial lake. Lake Reserv Manage. 28:120-129. Juvenile fishes may use multiple habitats during early life stages, and habitat use may change based on diel period, temporally, or ontogenetically, with patterns of habitat use being species specific. To better understand habitat use of juvenile fishes, we evaluated relative abundance of juvenile black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) among nearshore open water, emergent vegetation, submergent vegetation, flooded timber, and open water offshore habitats in a glacial lake. In August, catch rates of common carp were highest in emergent vegetation, yellow perch and black crappie catch rates were highest in submergent vegetation, and bluegill catch rates were highest in nearshore open water, submergent vegetation, and flooded timber. In September, submergent vegetation was no longer available due to senescence, and catch rates of all species did not differ among habitats, except for common carp where catch rates were highest in emergent vegetation and flooded timber. Within a species, fishes were generally of similar size among habitats. Abundance of invertebrate prey was highly variable and was generally similar among habitats. Our results provide information about the habitat use of juvenile fishes that can be useful to the management of these species and aquatic habitat conservation.
Self-supervised Pitch Detection by Inverse Audio Synthesis

Audio scene understanding, parsing sound into a hierarchy of meaningful parts, is an open problem in representation learning. Sound is a particularly challenging domain due to its high dimensionality, sequential dependencies and hierarchical structure. Differentiable Digital Signal Processing (DDSP) greatly simpliﬁes the forward problem of generating audio by introducing differentiable synthesizer and effects modules that combine strong signal priors with end-to-end learning. Here, we focus on the inverse problem, inferring synthesis parameters to approximate an audio scene. We demonstrate that DDSP modules can enable a new approach to self-supervision, generating synthetic audio with differentiable syn-thesizers and training feature extractor networks to infer the synthesis parameters. By building a hierarchy from sinusoidal to harmonic representations, we show that it possible to use such an inverse modeling approach to disentangle pitch from timbre, an important task in audio scene understanding.
GanHand: Predicting Human Grasp Affordances in Multi-Object Scenes

The rise of deep learning has brought remarkable progress in estimating hand geometry from images where the hands are part of the scene. This paper focuses on a new problem not explored so far, consisting in predicting how a human would grasp one or several objects, given a single RGB image of these objects. This is a problem with enormous potential in e.g. augmented reality, robotics or prosthetic design. In order to predict feasible grasps, we need to understand the semantic content of the image, its geometric structure and all potential interactions with a hand physical model. To this end, we introduce a generative model that jointly reasons in all these levels and 1) regresses the 3D shape and pose of the objects in the scene; 2) estimates the grasp types; and 3) refines the 51-DoF of a 3D hand model that minimize a graspability loss. To train this model we build the YCB-Affordance dataset, that contains more than 133k images of 21 objects in the YCB-Video dataset. We have annotated these images with more than 28M plausible 3D human grasps according to a 33-class taxonomy. A thorough evaluation in synthetic and real images shows that our model can robustly predict realistic grasps, even in cluttered scenes with multiple objects in close contact.
Effects of bio-organics and chemical fertilizers on nutrient availability and biological properties of pomegranate orchard soil

The study was carried out during 2009 to 2010 on 8 years old pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) trees cv. ‘Kandhari Kabuli’ to investigate the conjoint efficiency of bio-organics used along with chemical fertilizers on nutrient availability and physico-chemical and biological properties of soil. Conjoint application of bio-fertilizers 80 g/tree, vermicompost 20 kg/tree, FYM 20 kg/tree, green manure (GM) sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) and recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (NPK), resulted in significantly maximum porosity (60.27%), water holding capacity (WHC) (60.31%), bulk density (0.97%), particle density (2.25%), organic carbon (1.90%), soil pH (6.89), soil N (405.56%), P (22.02%), K (419.00%), Iron (Fe) (66.92 ppm), Maganese (Mn) (61.95 ppm), Zinc (Zn) (2.33 ppm) and Cupper (Cu) (3.25 ppm). The microbial biomass pool in terms of Pseudomonassp, soil fungi, Azotobacter chroococcum, Actinomycetes and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased by 385.57, 60.26, 134.19, 168.02 and 39.87%, respectively over the control. Key words: Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), biofertilisers, farm yard manure (FYM), vermicompost, green manuring.
Phonetic evidence for phonotactic change in Nafsan (South Efate)

Nafsan, an Oceanic language of central Vanuatu, is notable for the complex phonotactic structures it exhibits compared to languages spoken further to the north, and compared to the general preference for CV syllables among Oceanic languages. Various types of heterorganic consonant clusters are found in syllable onsets, and are thought to have arisen from the loss of selected medial vowels. Medial vowel deletion is suggested to be a process of change which has been underway for some time in the language, but the details of how this process operates have not been fully clear. Unresolved questions relating to the status of length in the vowel system and the location of lexical prominence have posed a challenge to arriving at a detailed description of vowel deletion and its consequences. Drawing together recent phonetic analyses and previous work, this paper provides an overview of phonotactic structures in contemporary Nafsan and outlines the main factors which lead to the deletion of medial vowels and result in the complex syllable onsets observed today.
Extending Your Research Team: Learning Benefits when a Laboratory Partners with a Classroom

Classroom research experiences can provide outstanding learning opportunities for undergraduate students while also benefiting faculty research programs. However, such courses often require more faculty work than traditional lecture-based courses do, potentially discouraging instructors. Here, we propose one solution. We describe a research-based course designed and implemented by multiple members of a research team. The students in this course measured insects for an evolutionary genetics experiment while participating in classroom-based discussions, readings, and presentations focused on the nature of science. The benefits of the course were threefold. First, the students reported strong positive gains in understanding the nature of science and their attitudes toward science. Second, this course produced publishable data, which benefited faculty research. Third, members of the research team received valuable training in teaching, teamwork, and data management. If incorporated more widely in undergraduate curricula, courses such as this one could improve both research programs and undergraduate education.
Protein quality and energy density of green peas as influenced by seed size and time of harvest

Green peas (Pisum sativum L) were harvested at three different time points—3 days apart—and subsequently sorted into four fractions according to seed size (diameter > 10.2 mm; 10.2–8.75 mm; 8.75–8.2 mm and 8.2–6.0 mm). Three varieties from two years were investigated. The study comprised a total of 31 green pea samples. The average protein content of the samples was 276 g kg−1 DM with relatively low variation (SE = 5.7). Protein content was highest in the smallest seeds. The average energy content was 18.6 MJ kg−1DM. Dietary fibre content was 226 g kg−1 DM, the major part (77%) as insoluble fibre. Seeds of early harvest and seeds with the smallest diameter had the lowest fibre (IDF and TDF) content and at the same time the highest energy digestibility. The average energy digestibility was 83.2%. Protein digestibility was relatively high (average 92.1%), while biological value (BV) and net protein utilisation (NPU) were moderate to low (60.6% and 55.8% respectively) due to low contents of the essential amino acids (g per 16 g N), especially tryptophan, methionine + cystine and lysine. Contents of lysine, tryptophan and methionine + cystine were more than 20% higher in the smallest seeds compared to the larger seeds. Similar differences were observed in seeds of late harvest as compared with seeds of early harvest. Correlation coefficients revealed a strong positive correlation between lysine, tryptophan and methionine + cystine content and the biological value of green pea protein. The three varieties investigated showed no differences in the chemical parameters although small differences in BV and NPU were observed.
SpSequenceNet: Semantic Segmentation Network on 4D Point Clouds

Point clouds are useful in many applications like autonomous driving and robotics as they provide natural 3D information of the surrounding environments. While there are extensive research on 3D point clouds, scene understanding on 4D point clouds, a series of consecutive 3D point clouds frames, is an emerging topic and yet under-investigated. With 4D point clouds (3D point cloud videos), robotic systems could enhance their robustness by leveraging the temporal information from previous frames. However, the existing semantic segmentation methods on 4D point clouds suffer from low precision due to the spatial and temporal information loss in their network structures. In this paper, we propose SpSequenceNet to address this problem. The network is designed based on 3D sparse convolution. And we introduce two novel modules, a cross-frame global attention module and a cross-frame local interpolation module, to capture spatial and temporal information in 4D point clouds. We conduct extensive experiments on SemanticKITTI, and achieve the state-of-the-art result of 43.1% on mIoU, which is 1.5% higher than the previous best approach.
Natural tolerance of cyanobacteria to the herbicide glyphosate

summary Synechocystis PCC 6803 and Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 showed a high degree of tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate, applied as the free acid, the monoisopropylamine salt or the commercial formulation (Roundup > R). Differential toxicity between herbicide formulations was observed (Roundup > isopropylamine salt > free acid) and correlated with their rates of uptake. There was no evidence of glyphosate degradation. Shikimate accumulation, together with partial alleviation of inhibition by aromatic amino acids, suggests that the target site for glyphosate is in the pathway of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis.
Factors affecting gestation length in goats and the effect of gestation period on kid survival

Data on 1468 pregnancies and 2356 newborn goat kids of six genetic groups under intensive management were utilized to determine some genetic and non-genetic factors affecting gestation length, and to assess the relationship between gestation length and survival of kids to 25 days of age. The study revealed significant (P < 0·01) effect of breed of dam, litter weight, breeding season and parity on gestation length. Number of kids born and sex of kids were not a significant source of variation affecting this trait. Granadina goats had the shortest gestation (149·0±0·31 days), whereas Toggenburg (151·7±0·28 days) and Alpine (151·4±0·46 days) had the longest. Litter weight and gestation period were related curvilinearly in summer and linearly in autumn. Gestation of goats bred in summer was 1 day longer (P < 0·01) than those mated in the autumn. There was a progressive reduction of gestation length as parity increased (151·3±0·24, 150·6±0·17 and 149·9±0·39 days for 1, 2·6 and > 7 kiddings, respectively). The mean survival rate of kids gestated < 148 days and 148–;152 days were 78±2 and 87±1, respectively, and these were significantly lower (P < 0·05) than the survival rate of kids gestated 152–156 days and > 156 days (94±1 and 95±2). In conclusion, prolonged gestation (152–160 days) in goats was beneficial because it resulted in heavier litters at birth and higher viability of neonatal kids.
Vrije Universiteit Brussel The Relationship Between Youngsters’ Gender Role Attitudes and Individual, Home, and School Characteristics: A Review Halimi,

Because of the importance of gender role attitudes (GRA) for both academic and social outcomes, it is crucial to understand how GRA is constructed and changes over time. A systematic literature review was conducted to look into the relationship between youngsters’ GRA and individual, home, and school characteristics. Thirty-five international studies were identified through searches in different databases. The review reveals that the studies mostly apply a deterministic view to studying the construction of GRA, focusing predominantly on parent–child transmission. Effects of the school environment and individuals’ own life experiences are under-studied. Also, data are mostly cross-sectional and leave little room for investigating evolutions of GRA over time. Suggestions for future research are formulated focusing on (a) a life-course approach that considers GRA as situated, experience-related, and therefore changing over time and (b) an intersectionality-informed approach investigating GRA at the intersects of multiple diversity dimensions.
Nutritional Status of some Children and Adolescents with Down syndrome in Jeddah

Background: Physical growth is one of the most important aspects of child and adolescent growth. Measurements of weight and height as well as nutritional intake for each population, including Down syndrome are needed to assess their nutritional status and growth. Objective: this study was conducted to assess nutritional status of some children and adolescents with Down syndrome in Jeddah based on nutrient intake and anthropometrical characteristics. And to establish baseline data of their nutritional status in order to make their needs addressed by the society to enhance their quality of life, increase their life expectancy, realize their life aspirations and make them valued and productive members of a welcoming community. Study design: Case/control study, included 30 Down syndrome cases 6-18 years. The sample was divided into two age groups, 6-<12 years and 12–18 years old. And 30 cross matched healthy control individuals. Anthropometric measures of body weight, height and calculated BMI for each Participant. And 24 hours recall method was conducted to evaluate daily dietary intake. Computer software package was used for diet analysis and compared to RDA. Statistical analysis was done by using computer software SPSS version 13. Results: Short stature was reported significantly for the majority (87%) of Down syndrome individuals compared to normal controls. While 53% of them were either overweight or obese compared to 43% of controls with no significant difference. There was significant higher consumption of macronutrients especially from carbohydrates and fats by Down syndrome cases compared to normal controls. Conclusions: Malnutrition as revealed by anthropometric variables and micronutrient deficiency is highly prevalent among children and adolescents with Down syndrome compared to normal controls. Nutrition educational programs to the children and adolescents with Down syndrome, parents and caregivers is recommended and considering physical activity adapted to the individuals age and ability. [Asmaa M. AbdAllah, Sarah Raffa, Thuraya Alaidaroos, Rawan Obaid and Juhaina Abuznada. Nutritional Status of some Children and Adolescents with Down syndrome in Jeddah. Life Sci J 2013;10(3):1310-1318] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 197
Effects of Stargrass Hay Supplementation on Growth and Survival of Juvenile Redclaw Crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus

Abstract Hay is used as supplementary forage for crayfish aquaculture in many farms around the world. However, our understanding of the relative contribution of hay to crayfish dietary requirements is limited. In the present work, 36 juvenile redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus were stocked into each of 28 tanks that received water continuously from a pond. Four replicate tanks were assigned to each of seven dietary treatments: commercial formulated feed (FF) only, at a ration calculated to produce optimal growth; 100% of the calculated FF ration plus the hay of stargrass Cynodon nlemfuensis added at 150 kg·ha−1·week−1; 75% of the FF ration plus hay; 50% of the FF ration plus hay; 25% of the FF ration plus hay; hay only; and no feed (control). At the end of 8 weeks, the crayfish were harvested, counted, and weighed. There were no significant differences in survival among treatments (α = 0.05), and crayfish growth did not differ among tanks that were offered FF. Redclaw crayfish in the hay-only treatme.
Household's Accessibility to Credit

This paper based on an in-depth analysis of NSSO (59 th round, All India Debt and Investment Survey) unit record data, focusses on the nature and extent of indebtedness across households of different characteristics in selected developed and less developed states of India. The paper makes separate analysis for rural and urban households to show that poorer households of urban areas face more constraints while availing loans as compared to their rural counterparts in each state. We also find that due to relatively smaller number of informal lenders in the less developed regions, market power of the informal lenders are more and consequently the households of these poorer regions are faced with higher interest rate compared to households of developed regions.
Erythropoietin receptor in B cells plays a role in bone remodeling in mice

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a key regulator of erythropoiesis. However, EPO receptors (EPO-Rs) are also expressed on non-erythroid cell types, including myeloid and bone cells. Immune cells also participate in bone homeostasis. B cells produce receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), two pivotal regulators of bone metabolism. Here we explored the ability of B cells to transdifferentiate into functional osteoclasts and examined the role of EPO in this process in a murine model. Methods: We have combined specifically-designed experimental mouse models and in vitro based osteoclastogenesis assays, as well as PCR analysis of gene expression. Results: (i) EPO treatment in vivo increased RANKL expression in bone marrow (BM) B cells, suggesting a paracrine effect on osteoclastogenesis; (ii) B cell-derived osteoclastogenesis occured in vivo and in vitro, as demonstrated by B cell lineage tracing in murine models; (iii) B-cell-derived osteoclastogenesis in vitro was restricted to Pro-B cells expressing CD115/CSF1-R and is enhanced by EPO; (iv) EPO treatment increased the number of B-cell-derived preosteoclasts (β3+CD115+), suggesting a physiological rationale for B cell derived osteoclastogenesis; (v) finally, mice with conditional EPO-R knockdown in the B cell lineage (cKD) displayed a higher cortical and trabecular bone mass. Moreover, cKD displayed attenuated EPO-driven trabecular bone loss, an effect that was observed despite the fact that cKD mice attained higher hemoglobin levels following EPO treatment. Conclusions: Our work highlights B cells as an important extra-erythropoietic target of EPO-EPO-R signaling and suggests their involvement in the regulation of bone homeostasis and possibly in EPO-stimulated erythropoietic response. Importantly, we present here for the first time, histological evidence for B cell-derived osteoclastogenesis in vivo.
Modeling the Distributed MU-MIMO OAI 5G testbed and group-based OTA calibration performance evaluation

In this paper we describe the simulation modeling of the OpenAirInterface (OAI) C-RAN testbed deployed at Eurecom and present the performance evaluation of a fast calibration (FC) scheme based on antenna grouping. We generate an indoor LOS radio wave propagation model using ray tracing technique and perform distributed channel reciprocity calibration which is required to exploit uplink (UL) channel estimates to infer the precoder performed on the downlink (DL) channel. We consider a channel based on the geometry of the area where the RRUs are distributed and compare the different choices to form the RRU groups. We validate that the simulation results match the experimental results from our previous work [1].
Characterization of commercial humic acid samples and their impact on growth of fungi and plants

Naturally occurring humates like leonardite and brown coal or lignite are marketed under different brand names e.g. Pak Humates, Humate Fertilizer, Pak Humax, Humkara and Humide etc. However, their efficacy is needed to be confirmed before their use. Different studies were conducted for the comparison of four commercial humates for their physico-chemical, optical properties, plant growth promoting ability in terms of seed germination and seedling vigour in wheat (cv Sehr), mung bean (Mung-54), maize (C-12) and sesbania and their effect on growth of some fungi. Moisture content of four humates varied from 0.52 to 71.11%, while solubility in water varied from 30.2 to 98.2% and density differed from 1.67 to 4.17. A 2% solution of humates had pH and EC varying from 5.39 to 10.11 and 3.140 to 1.143 mS cm -1 , respectively. Carbon and nitrogen concentrations varied from 22.95 to 36.56% and 0.658 to 1.183, respectively with a C/N ratio of 30.91 to 44.16. Humates dissolved in 0.1N NaOH were partitioned into humic acid and fulvic acid fractions. Of the total C in humates, 40.3 to 77.5% was ranged in humic acid and 22.5 to 59.7% in fulvic acid fraction. The HA was also studied for optical properties at 400, 500, 600, and 700 nm besides that at 465 and 665 to calculate E4/E6 (extinction coefficient); the later varied between 3.64 and 5.48. Optical density of the humic acid decreased at increasing wavelength and was correlated significantly with the carbon contents of humic compounds. Three fungi, Trichoderma harzianum, T. hamatum and Alternaria alternata showed maximum growth at 0.025% HA in the growth medium on the basis of colony diameter. Humates inhibited seed germination in wheat, maize and mung bean except for sesbania. Root length and shoot dry matter increased in wheat and maize but no effect was found in mung bean and sesbania. The studies revealed that humates available in the market vary widely and therefore some sort of quality monitoring is required for the benefit of end users.