Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1268-Research Article-4973-1-6-20200623

In this paper a compact and wideband ridged substrate integrated waveguide (RSIW) horn antenna is proposed. Unlike the previous works, the ridge structure in the proposed antenna is tapered only along the width allowing the antenna to be designed on just two-layer dielectric substrate. The tapered ridge is created by simple, different diameter size vias just in one layer. The antenna designed has dimension of 14 × 33 × 3 mm3 (1.4λo × 3.3λo × 0.3λo, where λo is the free space wavelength at 30 GHz) and a has a bandwidth of 41.32% covering 24 36.5 GHz with the reflection coefficient, S11, under -10 dB. The antenna is simulated through two software packages CST and HFSS and results are compared.
Effect of weed management practices on seed yield and nutrient (NPK) uptake in cowpea

A field experiment was carried out during at kharif season of 2012 to access the effect of weed management practices on seed yield and nutrient uptake by crop and weeds in cowpea. Results showed that two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAS gave significantly higher no. of seeds/plant (11.20), test weight (110.50), seed yield (1016 kg/ha) and net return (Rs. 22954 /ha) as compared to other treatments except pendimethalin@750gm/ha with one hand weeding at 40 DAS and imezathapyr (PoE) @75 gm/ha with one hand weeding at 40 DAS. Weed dry weight and weed index were lowest in two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS. Nutrients removed by weeds was highest in weedy check and lowest in two hand weeding treatment plot.
Comparison of enucleation protocols of buffalo oocytes

Buffalo oocytes matured in vitro for 22 h were enucleated by blind-sucking, point-hitting and Spindle-View System, respectively. The enucleation rate of oocytes by the Spindle-View System (95%) was significantly(P0. 01) higher than that achieved by blind-sucking(65.1%) and the pointhitting(81. 8%). However, there was no significant difference in fusion ration, cleavage rate and blasto cyst yield of the reconstructed embryos among the three enucleation methods(P0.05). Results indicated that the point-hitting can be employed for enucleation of oocytes in consideration of the costs of the Spindle-View System.
Effect of temperature on enzymes in the pathway of starch biosynthesis in developing wheat and maize grain

Soluble starch synthase (SSS) is shown to be a major site of control of flux through the pathway of starch synthesis in developing wheat and maize grain. Temperatures above 25oC adversely affect flux, and therefore, limit yield. This process is linked to SSS which is heat sensitive. Two apparently different properties of SSS can be identified which differ in the period required before full activity is restored after heat treatment. First, enzyme rate is adversely affected by elevated temperature, an effect which is reversible on returning to a lower temperature. The effect on enzyme rate was quantified using enzyme Q10 which was found to begin to be sub-optimal above 20oC. Second, with a prolonged period of exposu;e to elevated temperature there is a loss of enzyme activity which is not freely reversible which we have termed thermal inactivation. Although this occurs at temperatures in excess of 20oC in wheat, higher temperatures of more than 30oC are needed in maize SSS. Elevated temperature did not affect the inherent stability or Q10 characteristics of other enzymes in the pathway of starch synthesis except for branching enzyme which we believe has minimal flux-control strength. SSS thermal inactivation may not be a major problem in field conditions for developing maize grain, because temperatures rarely are high enough. However, we suggest that the effect on enzyme Q10 is more physiologically relevant, since maize SSS is operating sub-optimally as temperatures exceed 20oC. Calculations of the reductions in maize US corn-belt yield showed that significant yield improvement might be obtained by a 5oC shift in the temperature optimum. Thus selections for a more temperature tolerant form of maize SSS were conducted using enzyme Q10 as a selection tool. Of several hundred maize specimens screened, two were found to be significantly different. However, attempts to use backcross breeding to transfer this trait from the tropical donor to another line have not yet succeeded. Transgenic approaches to altering relations of starch deposition are now underway.
Bryde’s Whale (Balaenoptera edeni) Vocalizations from Southeast Brazil

The Bryde’s whale (Balaenoptera edeni) is a species commonly documented along the southeast coast of Brazil, but nothing is known about their vocalizations in this area. Underwater recordings were gathered in an opportunistic manner when the species was present along the coast of the Rio de Janeiro State. A total of 143 min of recordings was analyzed, and five different call types were found. The most abundant call type consisted of a series of discrete pulses that was detected during the observation of a mother-calf pair. Other types of calls were recorded from solitary whales, including a flat tone with harmonics, a downswept tone, and two types of calls with multiple components. All recorded calls were short ( 7 s), with frequency ranges below 1 kHz. The call composed of a series of discrete pulses is likely linked to calf-adult interactions given that this call was previously reported in the presence of calves in the Gulf of California. This is the first description of the Bryde’s whale vocal repertoire in the South Atlantic. The vocalizations described herein present generally identifiable characteristics of the species’ calls; however, some variations may be specific to this area.
Behavioral Other-Enhancement: Strategically Obscuring the Link Between Performance and Evaluation

A strategy related to self-handicapping in which individuals supply a comparison other with a performance advantage rather than handicap their own performance was investigated in two experiments. In Experiment 1 greater other-enhancement was found among men than among women. In addition, men engaged in the most other-enhancement when expecting that their performance would be compared with that of a coparticipant. In Experiment 2 the hypothesis that subjects would facilitate their coparticipant's performance primarily under conditions of uncertainty and competition was supported. A defining feature of contemporary Western society is the extraordinary emphasis placed on achievement and success. Striving for success seems to pervade every aspect of human interaction from the classroom, to the playing field, to the corporate boardroom. This emphasis on achievement and success suggests that people might make every effort to ensure possession of the necessary resources to maximize performance. Individuals would be expected to reach for any and every advantage to facilitate performance, including eliminating obstacles or disabilities that might interfere with success. Nevertheless, recent research shows that individuals are sometimes willing to create impediments to performance, making failure more likely. Berglas and Jones (1978) labeled this intriguing finding "self-handicapping. "
Cannabinoids production in Cannabis sativa L.: An in vitro approach

iii I. Abstract Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae) is the oldest known medicinal plant. For millennia, the plant has also been used for fibre and oil production.The most prominent feature of C. sativa is the psychoactive effect ascribed to its secondary metabolites, cannabinoids (mainly to tetrahydrocannabinol, THC). However, many other pharmacological properties of the aforementioned specialized compounds have been described. Currently, the demand for THC for various medical applications is substantial, while cultivation and breeding of Cannabis in most countries is strictly regulated and limited to serving research purposes and meeting therapeutic needs. Therefore, the hereby proposed and discussed production of THC using in vitro cultures could be a viable alternative. In the work presented here, in vitro organogenesis from callus cultures (undifferentiated plant cell masses grown on solid media) was successfully established, ultimately resulting in regeneration of the complete C. sativa plant. Further, production of THC as well as other important cannabinoids was achieved in cell suspension, hairy root and trichome cultures of Cannabis. The optimal combination of phytohormones, as applied to the B5 growth medium, fostering the development of meristemoids from callus cultures was: 1naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and adenine hemisulfate salt (AS) in respective concentrations of 0.5, 5 and 40 mg/l. Concurrently, the most favourable augmentation protocols of the B5 medium for the induction and differentiation of shootlets (small plants with leaves but without roots) were: 0.5 mg/l of gibberelic acid (GA3) or 0.25 mg/l of thidiazouron (TDZ) and 3 mg/l of GA3 (8.5 ± 1.73 and 7.25 ±1.03 shootlets/callus, respectively). The subsequent root formation of shootlets was most prominent after supplementation with 1.5 mg/l of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). In vitro acclimatized plants growing in Erlenmeyer flasks formed tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), retrieved at respective concentrations of about 0.33, 0.45 and 157.1 mg/g fresh weight. In contrast, ex vitro acclimatized plants (grown hydroponically for 8 weeks) synthesized THCA, THC, CBGA, cannabigerol (CBG) and CBDA at corresponding concentrations of 1.54, 28.30, 6.0, 0.125 and 1121.4 mg/g fresh weight. The obtained results confirmed the generation of pharmacologically important cannabinoids; however, the biosynthetic abilities of the investigated cell and hairy root cultures did not provide sufficient levels of the valuable metabolites to warrant scaling-up of the proposed in vitro production platform.
Antimicrobial Activity and Allelopathic Potential of Zygophyllum coccineum L. on Chenopodium album L.

Zygophyllum coccineum L. (Family Zygophyllaceae) was collected from two locations namely Wadi Hagul and Deltaic Mediterranean coast. Methanol, acetone and ethanol extracts prepared from Z. coccineum leaves and they were tested for their antibacterial activity. The bacterial strains tested were Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus
Immediate Impact of the 'Exxon Valdez' Oil Spill on Marine Birds

On 24 March 1989, the oil tanker 'Exxon Valdez' spilled 260,000 barrels of crude oil in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Oil eventually drifted over 30,000 km2 of coastal and offshore waters occupied by approximately one million marine birds. More than 30,000 dead birds of 90 species were retrieved from polluted areas by 1 August 1989. Of those identified, murres (74%), other alcids (7.0%), and sea ducks (5.3%) suffered the highest mor- tality from oil, and most (88%) birds were killed outside of Prince William Sound. A colony of 129,000 murres at the Barren Islands was probably devastated. Another 7,000 birds were retrieved between 1 August and 13 October, but most of those birds appeared to have died from natural causes. This later die-off was composed largely of shearwaters and other pro- cellariids (51%), gulls (22%), and puffins (14%). Based on aerial and ship-based surveys for populations at risk, and extrapolating from the number of dead birds recovered, we estimate that the total kill from oil pollution was from 100,000 to 300,000 birds. Received 8 September 1989, accepted 27 December 1989.
Effects of a depositional flood event on the hyporheos of a New Zealand stream

Abstract: We investigated the effects of a rare depositional ﬂ ood (return period about 5 years) on the hyporheos of a ﬂ ood-prone river in southern New Zealand. The ﬂ ood deposited 15–40 cm of new sediment across most of the 42-m study site. On four occasions after the ﬂ ood (4 d, 17 d, 35 d, 49 d), pump samples (1 L volume) were col-lected for physicochemical and invertebrate analysis from three depths in the sediment (10, 30, 50 cm). The study site was dominated by downwelling water, therefore, temporal variations in interstitial physicochemistry probably reﬂ ected surface water conditions. Composition of the hyporheos immediately after the ﬂ ood differed from that on subsequent occasions. Densities of most invertebrate taxa were similar across sampling occasions. Nevertheless, the depth distributions of leptophlebiid nymphs (Ephemeroptera), Podonominae larvae (Chironomidae) and the water mite Planaturus setipalpis all changed with time, consistent with post-ﬂ ood recolonisation of recently depos-ited sediments from underlying undisturbed sediments. Invertebrate distributions were not signiﬁ cantly related to measured physicochemical parameters, possibly because any such relationships were obscured by recolonisation patterns. Our results indicate that buried sediments may be an important source of colonists of surface sediments for some epigean (surface-dwelling) taxa during recovery from disturbance associated with sediment deposition.
POPULATION BIOLOGY OF HELIGMOSOMOIDES-POLYGYRUS (NEMATODA) IN THE WOOD MOUSE

This paper examines the interaction between the wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus L. , and the intestinal nematode, Heligmosomoides polygyrus Dujardin, using data collected at Tollymore Park Forest, Co. Down, Northern Ireland, between November 1978 and July 1981. A total of 1395 mice were collected, comprising 809 (58%) male and 582 (42%) female wood mice (four individuals were not sexed); 86% of mice were infected by H. polygyrus. Mean worm burden was around 12 worms per mouse. Worm burdens did not differ with sex. Parasites were highly overdispersed within the host population
The Effect of Different Dietary Protein Levels in a Three Stage Diet System on General Performance of Chickens Reared to Roaster Weight

Abstract A total of 2,000 male day-old chicks of two commercial genotypes were randomly assigned to 20 pens (13.54 m2). The genotypes were housed separately in pens of 100 birds. Two replicate pens were each fed one of five different dietary regimens. The experiment was designed to ascertain whether roasting chickens could be reared successfully on a three-stage system and to determine the optimum level of protein to be fed during each stage. Starter diets were fed as crumbles from 1 to 21 days, while grower and finisher diets were fed as pellets from 22 to 49 days and 50 to 70 days, respectively. Diets within a type were isocaloric (kcal/kg, ME): starters (3000); growers (3150); finishers (3300); but differed in protein (%): starters (16, 18, 20, 22, 24); growers (18, 20, 22, 24); finishers (14, 16, 18). Roasters can be reared successfully on a three-stage diet system. Significant differences were observed among the dietary regimens tested for all traits measured except for total leg abnormalities. As the protein content of starters, growers, and finishers decreased, body weights decreased but feed conversion improved, mortality decreased, and monetary returns improved. Interactions between genotype and dietary regimens occurred for a number of traits and are discussed. From the regimens considered, a dietary regimen that included starter, grower, and finisher diets with protein (energy) levels of 16% (3000 kcal/kg), 20% (3150 kcal/kg) and 16% (3 300 kcal/kg), respectively, resulted in optimum biological response and monetary returns.
Perfil plasmático de progesterona e taxa de prenhez de bovinos Nelore sincronizados com novo dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona (Biocowgest

Este estudo avaliou o perfil de liberacao de progesterona (P4) e sua relacao com a taxa de prenhez de femeas bovinas sincronizadas com novo dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona (Biocowgest®). No Experimento I, novilhas ovariectomizadas receberam, por 8 dias, dois dispositivos intravaginais de P4 diferentes, Sincrogest® (n = 2), Biocowgest® (n = 4) e Placebo (n = 2). Nos grupos Sincrogest® e Biocowgest®, as concentracoes plasmaticas de P4 atingiram valores acima de 5ng/mL 6h apos a insercao, e apresentaram padroes de liberacao e manutencao de P4 semelhantes durante o periodo de tratamento ao se comparar como placebo (p 0,05). Conclui-se que o Biocowgest® apresenta perfilplasmatico de P4 e taxa de prenhez a IATF semelhante ao outro dispositivo intravaginal comercial, podendo ser empregado em programas de IATF em bovinos.
Phylogenetic systematics of the land snail Basedowena from the Australian arid zone: taxonomic revision with description of new taxa (Stylommatophora : Camaenidae)

Abstract. The land snail Basedowena Iredale, 1937 currently comprises eight species that inhabit mountain ranges in the central Australian arid zone. By studying the variation in shell and genital anatomy and the differentiation in the mitochondrial markers 16S and COI, we revise the taxonomy of this camaenid and describe new taxa. We demonstrate that the current morphology-based classification has been misled by homoplasy mainly in shell shape. In fact, Basedowena as herein revised contains species with vastly different shells, which have so far been assigned to different genera. By contrast, these species have the same general genital anatomy in common and form a clade in the mitochondrial phylogeny. Based on these findings, we transfer Pleuroxia bethana, P. hinsbyi, P. elfina, P. oligopleura, P. polypleura, P. radiata, Montanomelon angatjana and Minimelon colmani to Basedowena. While Pleuroxia and Montanomelon are maintained as distinct genera, although with fewer species, the monotypic Minimelon becomes a junior synonym of Basedowena. We identify and describe three new Basedowena species (B. bicolor, sp. nov., B. holoserica, sp. nov., B. siparium, sp. nov.). A fourth new species differs substantially from all other arid zone camaenids and is hence placed in a new genus, Xeromelon, gen. nov. The revised delineation of Basedowena renders it now the most widespread camaenid genus in Australia. It is distributed throughout the Australian arid zone from Western Australia, via the Northern Territory and South Australia into New South Wales.
Two distinct inactivation processes related to phosphorylation in cardiac L-type Ca[2+]channel currents

Two distinct inactivation processes related to phosphorylation in cardiac L-type Ca 2 1 channel currents. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 279: C603–C610, 2000. —We investigated the inactivation process of macroscopic cardiac L-type Ca 2 1 channel currents using the whole cell patch-clamp technique with Na 1 as the current carrier. The inactivation process of the inward currents carried by Na 1 through the channel consisted of two components . 0 mV. The time constant of the faster inactivating component (30.6 6 2.2 ms at 0 mV) decreased with depolarization, but the time constant of the slower inactivating component (489 6 21 ms at 0 mV) was not signiﬁcantly inﬂuenced by the membrane potential. The inactivation process in the presence of isoproterenol (100 nM) consisted of a single component (538 6 60 ms at 0 mV). A protein kinase inhibitor, H-89, decreased the currents and attenuated the effects of isoproterenol. In the presence of cAMP (500 m M), the inactivation process consisted of a single slow component. We propose that the faster inactivating component represents a kinetic of the dephosphorylated or partially phosphorylated channel, and phosphorylation converts the kinetics into one with a different voltage dependency. using a personal computer. Inactivation time of nifedipine/Cd 2 1 -sensi-tive ﬁtted with exponential functions using least version 3.08, Synergy Soft-ware). Comparisons made a paired or unpaired Student’s t where appropriate and one-way ANOVA complemented as
The Importance of Urease in Acid Protection for the Gastric-colonising Bacteria Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter felis sp. nov

The urease of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori shares numerous characteristics with the urease of a bacterium isolated from cat gastric mucosa, Helicobacter felis sp. nov. The native enzymes have similar apparent molecular weights and, when subjected to SDS-PAGE, disassociate into active subunits of comparable relative mobilities. In contrast, a bacterium (St1) that colonises rodent ileal mucosa, and is related to Helicobacter spp. , expresses a distinct urease from those of the gastric bacteria. Cell-free preparations of H. felis and of four strains of H. pylori had mean apparent K m values of 0.5 ± 0.2 mM and 0.4 ± 0.1 mM urea, respectively. The K m value estimated for cell-free extracts of St 1 was 1.7 ± 0.3 mM urea. Under physiological conditions ([urea] = 3 mM), this difference was unlikely to be important. Of several ureolytic bacteria tested, only H. pylori and H. felis tolerated acid when a physiological level of urea was present. It was concluded that urease is important for the protection of H. felis and H.pylori from lethal gastric acidity. This acid protection may be dependent upon the intrinsic acid stability of the ureases, both enzymes retaining substantial activity between pH 4 and 6. Inhibition of urease activity in vivo , by treatment of mice with acetohydroxamic acid, significantly reduced gastric colonisation by H. felis , whilst treatment of already colonised animals had no effect. This finding confirms the importance of urease in the initial steps of colonisation, prior to entry of bacteria into the neutral mucous layer. Keywords: Helicobacter ( Campylobacter ) pylori ; Helicobacter spp. ; Urease; Mucosa-associated bacteria; Spiral/ helical bacteria; Gastric microflora.
Heterobasidiomycetes from Korup National Park, Cameroon

27 species of heterobasidiomycetous fungi within the Auriculariales, Ceratobasidiales, Dacrymycetales, Exidiales, Tremellales, and Tulasnellales are recorded from Korup National Park and the Korup Project Area, Cameroon. Of these 27 species, 21 have not previously been reported from Africa. Basidiodendron excentrispora is described as new. The new combinations Basidiodendron farinaceum and B. radians are proposed. The literature on African heterobasidiomycetous species is briefly reviewed.
Geochemical investigations of volcanic ash layers from southern Atlantic Legs 113 and 114

Petrographic and geochemical investigations were carried out on 21 ash layers from four sites of ODP Legs 113 and 114 in the southern Atlantic Ocean. With the help of geochemical data and petrographic characterization three rock series can be distinguished for stratigraphically different ash layers from Site 701 (Leg 114) located east of the South Sandwich Island Arc, whereas the Leg 113 tephras from the southern slope of the South Orkney Microcontinent belong to another magmatic series. Geochemical correlation of the Leg 113 tephras with possible source areas indicates that they were probably erupted from the Antarctic Peninsula. The Miocene ashes from Site 701 are probably derived from the now-extinct Discovery Arc, the precursor of the South Sandwich Islands. The Pliocene ashes from the site show some affinity with the South Shetland Islands, although the available data do not permit a clear correlation. The Quaternary ashes from Site 701 display a chemistry typical of island-arc tholeiites and are therefore most probably derived from eruptions on the South Sandwich Islands. Because of their distant position the southern Andes seem to be rather improbable as a potential source region for the tephra layers investigated.