Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ESTIMATION OF THE KRONECKER COVARIANCE MODEL BY QUADRATIC FORM

We propose a new estimator, the quadratic form estimator, of the Kronecker product model for covariance matrices. We show that this estimator has good properties in the large dimensional case (i.e., the cross-sectional dimension n is large relative to the sample size T). In particular, the quadratic form estimator is consistent in a relative Frobenius norm sense provided ${\log }^3n/T\to 0$ . We obtain the limiting distributions of the Lagrange multiplier and Wald tests under both the null and local alternatives concerning the mean vector $\mu $ . Testing linear restrictions of $\mu $ is also investigated. Finally, our methodology is shown to perform well in finite sample situations both when the Kronecker product model is true and when it is not true.
Evaluation of an endotracheal intubation model and practical for training veterinary nursing students

ABSTRACT: Endotracheal intubation practice, using a modified model dog was introduced to help student veterinary nurses prepare for anaesthetic procedures during clinical work-placements. The model was reviewed by five clinical experts who rated it as reasonably realistic and suitable for teaching and suggested minor improvements. Training was delivered to a cohort of students and their feedback was positive; they found the model helpful and had enjoyed the practical. A focus group and interviews were undertaken with some students after placements; they considered the practical had helped them prepare for and perform the task but requested additional opportunities to use the model.
Outcomes after primary intensity‐modulated radiation therapy for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma at a New Zealand regional cancer centre: Impact of p16 status

The rising incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) in New Zealand is due to an increase in the numbers of human papilloma virus (HPV)–associated OPSCC. We evaluated the impact of positive p16 immunohistochemistry, as a surrogate for HPV positivity, on OPSCC outcomes after primary intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with or without concurrent chemotherapy.
Investigation on the relationship between mental workload and musculoskeletal disorders among nursing staff

Aims: High prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders owing to the work is one of the popular discomforts between nursing staff. High level of workload is considered as a serious problem and identified as a stressor in the nursing. This study intends to recognize the relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and mental workload in nursing personnel reside at southern part of West Azerbaijan province Iran in 2017. Materials and Methods: In this analytical-descriptive study, 100 nurses working in West Azerbaijan hospitals have been randomly selected. Nordic and National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Task Load Index workload questionnaires have been simultaneously utilized as data collection tools. Data analysis has also carried out using SPSS, variance analysis tests, multiple linear regression, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: Results suggest that the most frequent complaints of musculoskeletal problems are associated to the back area. Investigation on sextet scales of mental workload indicates that each of the six scales of workload was at the high-risk level and the average of total workload was 72.45 ± 19.45 which confirms a high-risk level. Pearson's correlation coefficient also indicates mental workload elements have a significant relationship with musculoskeletal disorders (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest there is a relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and mental workload and the majority of personnel had mental workload with high-risk level. The best way of management planning to mitigate the risk of musculoskeletal disorders arising of mental workload is, therefore, managing-controlling approach such as staff training, job rotation, and time management.
The Effects of Inclusive Leadership on Employee Engagement in a Financial Services Organisation in Dublin

The aim of this study is to uncover the effect inclusive leadership (IL) has on employee engagement (EE), within a financial services public sector organisation in Dublin. The researcher followed a qualitative approach and the primary data was collected via nine semi-structured interviews from within the organisation. The study focused on the best practice IL traits and key drivers of EE to ascertain if leaders were inclusive and the impact it had on EE levels. The results of the study indicated that the majority of leaders were inclusive, which had a positive impact on individuals EE. In particular, the concepts that leaders are fair, treat people as individuals and with respect, afford levels of autonomy and are cognisant of their own personal bias, came out as strong leadership traits. The study also found that some leaders do not embrace some key elements of IL, which encompasses being open to the views of others and being comfortable with airing their weaknesses and limitations. A unique finding which sets this study apart from other research on this topic, is the link the organisation has to being within the public sector. The study found that manager behaviour is not always the sole reason for employees being engaged and public duty is a big driver for some individuals, however leader behaviour should not be underestimated or ignored as it can untimely sway engagement levels. The findings of this study add to existing literature on the impact of IL and EE as it was carried out in a qualitative form, as opposed to quantitative and in an Irish setting, with the findings reinforcing the importance of IL for engagement. Some inherent limitations were noted. Firstly, time constraints restricted the researcher from adopting a mixed methodology approach which would add to the reliability of the findings. Secondly, qualitative research by nature is not generalisable, making this study’s findings relate solely to this organisation and not the wider financial services industry or public sector.
Paleocene–Eocene Palynomorphs from the Chicxulub Impact Crater, Mexico. Part 2: Angiosperm Pollen

ABSTRACT At the end of the Cretaceous Period, an asteroid collided with the Earth and formed the Chicxulub impact structure on the Yucatán Platform. International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 364 drilled into the peak ring of the Chicxulub impact crater. The post-impact section of the core was sampled for terrestrial palynological analysis, yielding a high-resolution record ranging from the early Paleocene to the earliest Eocene (Ypresian), including a black shale deposited during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The IODP 364 core provides the first record of floral recovery following the K–Pg mass extinction from inside the Chicxulub impact crater. The systematic taxonomy of the angiosperm pollen provided here follows a separate publication describing the systematic paleontology of the plant spores and gymnosperm pollen from the IODP 364 core (Smith et al. 2019). The Paleocene section of the core is nearly barren, but with unusually high relative abundances of the angiosperm pollen Chenopodipollis sp. A (comparable to the Amaranthaceae), possibly indicating an estuarine pollen source. Pollen recovery is higher in the PETM section, and variable but generally increasing in the later Ypresian section, with excellent preservation in several samples. Estimated absolute ages of several potentially useful regional biostratigraphic events are provided. One new genus (Scabrastephanoporites) and five new species (Brosipollis reticulatus, Echimonocolpites chicxulubensis, Psilastephanocolporites hammenii, Scabrastephanoporites variabilis, and Striatopollis grahamii) are formally described.
Strategic similarity and firm performance: Multiple replications of Deephouse (1999)

Deephouse raised an important question as to whether firms should be different or should be the same. The strategic balance perspective proposed by him suggests that by balancing the competing pressures of conformity and differentiation, a moderate degree of similarity is what contributes most to firm performance. This perspective has been widely accepted by scholars but follow-up studies are few and have achieved mixed results, leaving the knowledge base in this stream on shaky ground. This study conducted multiple replications of Deephouse’s seminal work across 155 manufacturing industries in China and across two methods to examine its replicability, generalizability, and robustness to methods and to provide additional and cumulative information. The results show that strategic balance perspective was replicable, but with context limitations. Our exploratory analyses indicate several possible boundary conditions and promising topics for furthering the development of strategic balance perspective. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.
EFFECT OF THIAZOLIDINEDIONES ON ADIPOCYTOKINES AND LIPID PROFILE IN INSULIN RESISTANT SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS

Background: Insulin resistance is manifested by decreased effect of fixed quantity of insulin on glucose metabolism leading to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Visceral obesity has been positively correlated with insulin resistance but its mechanism is not fully defined. Insulin resistance may be the consequence of adipocytokines including visfatin and resistin. This study was designed to observe the effects of thiazolidinediones on lipid profile and levels of adipocytokines (visfatin and resistin) in insulin resistant Sprague Dawley rats. Methods: Ninety Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group I served as control. Rats in Group II and III were made insulin resistant diabetics. Group III was treated with rosiglitazone after development of diabetes. Plasma glucose, serum triglycerides (TG), HDL, TG: HDL ratio and serum adipocytokines (visfatin, resistin) levels were analyzed. Results: Body weight and plasma glucose were significantly increased (p<0.05) along with TG: HDL ratio (p<0.05) in group II and group III at the end of 4th week. Serum visfatin and resistin levels also increased significantly (p<0.05) in group II and III at the end of 4th week. Treatment of group III with rosiglitazone led to improvement in insulin resistance with decrease in serum resistin levels (p<0.05) and increase in serum visfatin levels (p<0.05). Rosiglitazone treatment decreased serum TG level and increased serum HDL level. Conclusions: Deranged lipid profile and increased serum resistin levels indicate insulin resistance and impending hyperglycaemia. Thiazolidinediones augment sensitivity of insulin to restore normoglycemia by improving lipid profile, decreasing serum resistin levels and improving serum visfatin levels. Pak J Physiol 2017;13(4):3â€“6
Life Style Associated Risk Factors for Overweight and Obesity in Adolescent Age Group 15 – 18 Years in Karaikal Region

Objectives: To find out the various life style associated risk factors for overweight and obesity among adolescents between 15 – 18 years in karaikal region. Methods: A Cross sectional study was carried out in the age group of 15 – 18 years of adolescents in karaikal region. A predesigned pretested questionnaire was administered to the participants and filled under trained supervisors. Anthropometric measurements including Height, Weight and Body mass index (BMI) were measured and analysis carried out using a SPSS software version 16. Results: Out of 300 participants, 43(14.4%) students were found to have overweight and 17(5.6%) students had obesityobesity. Factors like watching television during snacking, increased frequency of snacks, lack of physical activity, increased screen time were found to have significant association with overweight and obesity. Conclusions: The present study highlights childhood overweight and obesity as an emerging health problem even in a semi urban region and life style factors act as important modifiable risk factors.
Mechanism and spectrum of anti‐glycolipid antibody‐mediated chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

The pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is composed of cellular and humoral immunities. Macrophages might play a crucial role in cellular immunity. In addition, autoantibodies participate in the pathogenesis of CIDP. To date, various autoantibodies have been reported to affect peripheral nerve myelin. Although antibodies to glycolipids are frequently identified in Guillain‐Barré syndrome and closely related to the development of neuropathies, these are detected in only a small percentage of CIDP instances. Among glycolipids, sialosylneolactotetraosylceramide (LM1) is predominantly localized in human peripheral nerve myelin. LM1‐related antibodies (e.g. anti‐LM1, GM1/LM1 and GD1b/LM1 antibodies) are detected in some patients with CIDP and Guillain‐Barré syndrome. CIDP patients with those antibodies frequently present ataxia, but rarely have cranial nerve deficits; these features are associated with the localization of LM1, which is more abundant in the dorsal root than the cranial nerves. In immunoglobulin M paraproteinemic neuropathies, except for the anti‐myelin‐associated glycoprotein neuropathies, antibodies to glycolipids with disialosyl residues, such as GD1b and GQ1b, are also detected on occasion. Notably, this feature is clinically characterized by chronic ataxic neuropathy, ophthalmoplegia, immunoglobulin M paraprotein, cold agglutinins and disialosyl antibodies. Such clinical features are related to the localization of GD1b or GQ1b in human peripheral nerves. Overall, these correlations suggest a direct involvement of the antibodies in the pathogenesis of those aforementioned neuropathies.
Diagnostic Value of Ultrasound and Gastrointestinal Series Findings in Detection of Pediatric Intestinal Malrotation

Background: Clinical diagnosis of malrotation is difficult to achieve, especially in older children and adults as its nonspecific presentations at this stage are usually neglected leading to delayed diagnosis of these cases. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic values of ultrasound and upper gastrointestinal (GI) series in patients with suspected intestinal malrotation. Patients and Methods: This six-year cross-sectional, prospective study was conducted in Dr. Sheikh Children’s Hospital affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran from 2009 to 2015. Totally, 67 children (aged < 15 years) with clinical findings of intestinal malrotation who had evidence of malrotation in ultrasound or upper GI series were enrolled in the study. Results of radiological evaluation were compared to the final diagnosis of patients achieved from surgery. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: Of the 67 enrolled participants with clinical findings or suspected radiological signs of intestinal malrotation, about half (52.2%) were male. Patients were 2 days to 16 years (mean, 2.5 years) old. Associated anomalies were observed in 47.7% of cases. Sensitivity and specificity were 82.5% and 85.7%, respectively for GI series findings and 82.3% and 54.5%, respectively for ultrasound compared with surgical findings as a gold standard. Conclusion: Ultrasound has a similar diagnostic value compared to upper GI series. They are complementary examinations and negative ultrasound or GI series results do not necessarily rule out intestinal malrotation. Mesenteric vessels ultrasound could be used as more specific diagnostic method for the detection of intestinal rotational disorders.
Stress, Depression and Anxiety among Medical Students of Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, KSA

Background: Exposure of Physicians to some stress factors during the occupational environmental work could induce some psychological problems. The first postgraduate years are particularly susceptible to these problems. In Arab countries, epidemiological data about psychological morbidity among medical undergraduate students are scarce. The Objective of the present study was to assess anxiety and depression levels among the third-year imam medical college students. Methods: A cross sectional study was done on the medical students of the 3rd year at Imam University; College of Medicine in Riyadh city on 2013. The sample consisted of 50 male medical students. The Higher Education Stress Inventory (HESI) was used in data collection. Results: Our results showed that 24% of the students were with minimal depression, 18% of students was with mild depression, 8% of student was with moderate depression, 2% of student was with moderately severe depression and none (0%) of student was reported with severe depression. Conclusion: The study indicated that medical students are extra sensitive to deal with the environmental occupational atmosphere which stress factors could prevail, so, depression and anxiety are common among medical students. Large, prospective, multicenter, multi-method studies are needed to identify personal and curricula features that influence stress, depression, anxiety and coping strategies among medical students. The study findings highlighted the need of psychiatric counseling and preventive mental health services to be an integral part of the routine clinical facilities caring for medical students.
Assessment of Food Frequency for Diabetic Patients after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft at Ibn al-Bitar Specialized Center for Cardiac Surgery in Baghdad City

All forms of diabetes increase the risk of long-term complications. These typically develop after many years (10-20), but may be the first symptom in those who have otherwise not received a diagnosis before that time [1]. The major long-term complications relate to damage to blood vessels. Diabetes doubles the risk of cardiovascular disease and about 75% of deaths in diabetics are due to coronary artery disease [2].
Lack of Theory Building and Testing Impedes Progress in The Factor and Network Literature

Abstract The applied social science literature using factor and network models continues to grow rapidly. Most work reads like an exercise in model fitting, and falls short of theory building and testing in three ways. First, statistical and theoretical models are conflated, leading to invalid inferences such as the existence of psychological constructs based on factor models, or recommendations for clinical interventions based on network models. I demonstrate this inferential gap in a simulation: excellent model fit does little to corroborate a theory, regardless of quality or quantity of data. Second, researchers fail to explicate theories about psychological constructs, but use implicit causal beliefs to guide inferences. These latent theories have led to problematic best practices. Third, explicated theories are often weak theories: imprecise descriptions vulnerable to hidden assumptions and unknowns. Such theories do not offer precise predictions, and it is often unclear whether statistical effects actually corroborate weak theories or not. I demonstrate that these three challenges are common and harmful, and impede theory formation, failure, and reform. Matching theoretical and statistical models is necessary to bring data to bear on theories, and a renewed focus on theoretical psychology and formalizing theories offers a way forward.
Chemical Differences Between PM1 and PM2.5 in Highly Polluted Environment and Implications in Air Pollution Studies

Submicron aerosol (PM1) species measured by aerosol mass spectrometers have been widely used to validate chemical transport models; however, the uncertainties due to chemical differences between PM1 and PM2.5 are poorly constrained. Here we characterized such differences in a highly polluted environment in north China in winter. Our results showed that the changes in PM1/PM2.5 ratios as a function of relative humidity (RH) were largely different for primary and secondary species. Secondary organic and inorganic aerosol (SOA and SIA) presented clear decreases in PM1/PM2.5 ratios at RH > 60% during periods with high SIA contributions (>50%), likely driven by the changes in aerosol hygroscopicity and phase states, while the traffic and coal combustion OA had limited dependence on RH. Thermodynamic modeling showed negligible impacts of PM differences on predictions of particle acidity, yet these impacts can cause a difference in aerosol water content by up to 50–70%.
Use of antidepressants during pregnancy among women in Iceland 2003 - 2012: A nationwide population-based study

3 Ágrip . 4 Acknowledgements . 5 Table of contents . 6 List of Tables . 7 List of Abbreviations . 8 Introduction . 9 1 Depression in pregnancy . 9 1.1 Antidepressants and indications . 10 1.1.1 Antidepressant use during pregnancy – use and trends in Western countries . 10 1.1.2 Antidepressant use during pregnancy and potential adverse risks for mother and infant . 12 1.1. 3 Antidepressant use in Iceland . 13 1.2 Pharmacoepidemiology . 14 1.2. 1 Drug utilization studies . 14 1.2. 2 Bias in registrybased drug utilization studies . 14 1.2. 3 Drug classification system ATC/DDD . 15 1.2. 4 Prescription registers . 16 1.2. 5 The Icelandic Medicines Registry . 17 1.2. 6 The Icelandic Birth Registry . 18 2 Specific aims . 19 References . 20 Article . 25 Appendix – Study Approvals . 47
THE ROLE OF RELIGIOUS TOURISM IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SAUDI ARABIA: EVIDENCE FROM QUANTILE NON-CAUSALITY TEST

This paper empirically examines the role of religious tourism in sustainable development to the projection of Saudi Arabia 2030. This study observes the causal relationship between hajj pilgrims and economic growth in the KSA by conducting a quantile Granger non-causality test. We show that the causal relationship between hajj pilgrims and economic growth strengthens when a quantile Granger non-causality test of Chuang et al. (2009) is considered. This finding implies that the hajj pilgrims could provide the incremental predictability for the sustainable development in KSA, and hence, results from linear Granger causality tests cannot be considered robust.
Response to Reviewer #1

Kinetically driven plasma waves are fundamental for a description of the thermodynamical properties of the Earth’s magnetosheath. The most commonly observed ion-scale instabilities are generated by temperature anisotropy of the ions, such as the mirror and proton cyclotron instabilities. We investigate here the spatial resolution dependence of the mirror and proton cyclotron instabilities in a global hybrid-Vlasov simulation using the Vlasiator model, in order to find optimal resolutions and help future global hybrid-Vlasov simulations to save resources when investigating those instabilities in the magnetosheath. We 5 compare the proton velocity distribution functions, power spectra and growth rates of the instabilities in a set of simulations with three different spatial resolutions but otherwise identical set-up. We find that the proton cyclotron instability is absent at the lowest resolution and that only the mirror instability remains, which leads to an increased temperature anisotropy in the simulation. We conclude that the proton cyclotron instability, its saturation and the reduction of the anisotropy to marginal levels are resolved at the highest spatial resolution. A further increase in resolution does not lead to a better description of the 10 instability to an extend that would justify this increase at the cost of numerical resources in future simulations. We also find that spatial resolutions between 1.32 and 2.64 times the inertial length in the solar wind present acceptable limits for the resolution within which the velocity distribution functions resulting from the proton cyclotron instability are still bi-maxwellian and reach marginal stability levels. Our results allow us to determine a range of spatial resolution suitable for the modelling of the proton cyclotron and mirror instabilities and should be taken into consideration regarding the optimal grid spacing for the modelling 15 of these two instabilities, within available computational resources.