Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) SMS counselling at a child helpline

Providing helpline services to children via texting (i.e. Short Message Service or SMS) is being used increasingly. However, little is known about the quality of SMS counselling and its e ﬀ ect on the service users. Through a quantitative content analysis of 448 SMS sessions at the Danish child helpline, we studied counsellor behaviour and session impact. We found higher levels of children ’ s well-being and empowerment after contacting the service. Multiple regression models showed that a positive impact of counselling was related to higher density of child-centred counsellor behaviour and moderate levels of problem-centred counsellor behaviour. These ﬁ ndings were consistent across most stressors with positive e ﬀ ects in the small-to-medium range. SMS counselling shows potential as a tool for counselling children and youth.
EVALUATION OF DENTAL ANXIETY USING NAYANLATA SAXENA’S MODIFIED FACIAL SCALE – MCDAS f NS IN SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN FROM BHOPAL – A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

: Background: Dental fear and anxiety is common across the lifespan and represents a barrier to proper oral health behaviours and outcomes. Dental anxiety is a common problem that can lead to adverse conditions in dentists and patients. Children's dental anxiety is the cause for the rise in dental health issues, as patients avoid seeking treatment. Improving children's oral health and dental experiences begins with addressing their dental anxiety as children. The aim of our study is to assess dental anxiety using a modified version of MCDASf scale and corroborate it with their oral health status. Methodology: The study included 477 children between the age of 8-11 year from South Bhopal. A self-reported dental anxiety scale for children was developed based on MCDASf consisting of questions and perceptions of children towards dental treatment and their fear along with the cognitive questions. Results: The mean anxiety value of government school children were 30.63±4.16 and private school children were 33.76±3.93. The observed anxiety value of private school children were significantly higher than the government school children. Significant Decrease in dental anxiety was observed with advancing age. Conclusion: Reducing child’s anxiety through remodeling of physical appearances and elicitation of appropriate responses through the desired questionnaire serves as a potential model for behavior management protocols. Our results showed decreasing anxiety with the advancing age.
Child care quality in the Netherlands: From quality assessment to intervention

High-quality caregiver–child interactions constitute the core of high-quality child care for young children. This article describes the background and development of the Caregiver Interaction Profile (CIP) scales to rate six key skills of caregivers for interacting with 0- to 4-year-old children in child-care centers: sensitive responsiveness, respect for autonomy, structuring and limit setting, verbal communication, developmental stimulation and fostering positive peer interactions. Each interactive skill is rated on a 7-point scale, based on observation of video-recorded caregiver-child interactions. Together, the 6 scale scores constitute an Interaction Profile for individual caregivers that may serve as a starting point for education and training to improve the quality of caregiver-child interactions. This article also pre-sents the results of a first study with the CIP scales, in a sample of 145 caregivers from 75 child-care groups in 47 child-care centers in The Netherlands. Results provide promising preliminary evidence supporting the reliability and validity of the CIP scales.
Values in international political speeches: Investigating their production, content, madia coverage, and impact

The presence of values in political speeches and how those values are depicted by journalists in the news are important factors contributing towards the formation of public opinion. A content analysis of online news articles from 10 countries spanning a decade was conducted to investigate these factors and how they differ between developed and developing countries. Combining the Basic Human Values Model with the concept of journalism practices of developed and developing countries
Retrieval-Augmented Multiple Instance Learning

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is a crucial weakly supervised learning method applied across various domains, e.g., medical diagnosis based on whole slide images (WSIs). Recent advancements in MIL algorithms have yielded exceptional performance when the training and test data originate from the same domain, such as WSIs obtained from the same hospital. However, this paper reveals a performance deterioration of MIL models when tested on an out-of-domain test set, exemplified by WSIs sourced from a novel hospital. To address this challenge, this paper introduces the Retrieval-AugMented MIL (RAM-MIL) framework, which integrates Optimal Transport (OT) as the distance metric for nearest neighbor retrieval. The development of RAM-MIL is driven by two key insights. First, a theoretical discovery indicates that reducing the input’s intrinsic dimension can minimize the approximation error in attention-based MIL. Second, previous studies highlight a link between input intrinsic dimension and the feature merging process with the retrieved data. Empirical evaluations conducted on WSI classification demonstrate that the proposed RAM-MIL framework achieves state-of-the-art performance in both in-domain scenarios, where the training and retrieval data are in the same domain, and more crucially, in out-of-domain scenarios, where the (unlabeled) retrieval data originates from a different domain. Furthermore, the use of the transportation matrix derived from OT renders the retrieval results interpretable at the instance level, in contrast to the vanilla l 2 distance, and allows for visualization for human experts.
The association between season and critical food safety violations in San Diego County retail food facilities

OF THE THESIS The Association between Season and Critical Food Safety Violations in San Diego County Retail Food Facilities by Lyubov Rozhavskaya Master of Public Health with a Concentration in Environmental Health San Diego State University, 2016 Public health is expected to be adversely affected by climate change. One aspect is rising temperatures that will directly and indirectly impact the biological mechanisms that propagate the spread of disease. Future summer heat waves are projected to increase in frequency, intensity, and duration, reaching historic temperatures by the end of the century. While previous studies have found links between increased ambient temperatures and increased cases of foodborne illness, the role of critical temperature violations in retail food facilities has not been clearly established. Improper hot and cold holding temperatures of potentially hazardous foods is one of the 5 major predictors of foodborne illness according to the CDC. In this study the association between daily maximum temperatures over the 2 year study period of 2013-2014 and holding temperature violations was examined. Inspection and violation data for the 2-year period was obtained from the County of San Diego’s Department of Environmental Health. When rates of temperature violations were examined, days with maximum temperatures greater or equal to 20°C, 25°C, and 30°C were associated with higher rates of violations (p<0.05). In analysis by season, the combined summer months of June, July, and August had significantly higher rates of temperature violations per inspection in comparison to the remaining months of the year (p<0.001). As San Diego has episodes of extreme hot weather (e.g. Santa Ana winds) in winter months as well, an analysis was conducted to determine if unusually hot days (as compared to the historical average maximum temperature) of the 2 study years were associated with a greater rate of violations, however, no association was found. In a nation where restaurants play a large role in consumer culture, environmental changes impacting food safety maintenance of retail food facilities have the potential to adversely affect the state of public health. This study, while being limited in a the lack of a direct assessment of cold holding temperature violations, suggests that future efforts should be focused on increased surveillance and better monitoring of food-handling practices that prevent the propagation of diseases attributed to retail food facilities affected by the changing state of the environment.
The Influences of Rainfall Intensity and Timing on the Assemblage of Dung Beetles and the Rate of Dung Removal in an Alpine Meadow

Simple Summary Changes in precipitation patterns can significantly alter biological processes and associated ecosystem functions. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of rainfall intensity and timing on the structure of dung beetle assemblage and dung mass loss rate in a Tibetan alpine meadow. The results revealed that exposure to rainfall within a 2 h timeframe, regardless of rainfall intensity, significantly reduced the rate of dung mass loss. However, this decrease was not attributed to the activity of dung beetles. Earlier rainfall tended to decrease species richness of dung beetles, while heavier rainfall significantly decreased beetle abundance. These findings suggest that changes in precipitation patterns can influence both the assemblage of dung beetles and the rate of dung decomposition, but may also decouple their relationship under a certain circumstance. The variability in local biological processes and ecosystem functions deserves greater attention within a global climate change scenario. Abstract Changes in precipitation patterns, including rainfall intensity and rainfall timing, have been extensively demonstrated to impact biological processes and associated ecosystem functions. However, less attention has been paid to the effects of rainfall intensity and rainfall timing on the assembly of detritivore communities and the decomposition rate of detritus such as animal dung. In a grazed alpine meadow on the eastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, we conducted a manipulative experiment involving two levels of rainfall intensity (heavy rainfall, 1000 mL/5 min; light rainfall, 100 mL/5 min) and five levels of rainfall timing (0, 2, 4, 24, and 48 h after yak dung deposition). The aim was to determine the effects of rainfall intensity, timing, and their interaction on the assemblage of dung beetles and dung removal rate during the early stage (i.e., 96 h after yak dung deposition) of dung decomposition. Light rainfall significantly increased species richness in the treatment of 48 h after dung pats were deposited. Heavy rainfall significantly decreased beetle abundance in both the 0 h and 48 h treatments while light rainfall had no effect on beetle abundance. Dung mass loss was significant lower in the 2 h treatment compared to other treatments regardless of rainfall intensity. The structural equation model further revealed that the species richness of dung beetles and dung mass loss were significantly affected by rainfall timing but not by rainfall intensity. However, no significant relationships were observed between any variables examined. These findings suggest that changes in precipitation patterns can influence both the structure of dung beetles and the rate of dung decomposition but may also decouple their relationship under a certain circumstance. Therefore, it is crucial to pay greater attention to fully understand local variability between the biological processes and ecosystem functions within a global climate change scenario.
The Association of Perfluoroalkyl Substance Exposure and a Serum Liver Function Marker in Korean Adults

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), widely used throughout industry and daily life, are currently one of the environmental pollutants garnering the most attention worldwide. Recently, environmental pollutants have had a high profile as one of the main causes of chronic liver disease, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Research on PFAS is actively underway. Although Korea has a remarkably high prevalence of chronic liver disease, and it continues to increase, only a few studies have revealed the relationship between PFAS and liver disease. In addition, regulations on PFAS in Korea are delayed compared to developed countries, such as Europe and the United States, and public interest is insufficient compared to others. Therefore, we would like to investigate the exposure of Koreans to PFAS in the blood and examine the relationship between these substances and markers of liver function (AST, ALT, and GGT). This study was based on the results of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) 2015–2017 (Cycle 3), and a total of 2961 subjects were selected. The concentration of PFAS in the blood of Korean adults was measured to be significantly higher based on the geometric mean compared to the results of recently investigated American adults based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2017–2018). A multivariable linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, alcohol intake, and regular exercise was performed to examine changes in three liver function markers as the serum PFAS concentration increased. We found that some of the five PFAS (PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFNA, and PFDeA) were significantly associated with increased liver enzymes. It is necessary to recognize the threat of PFAS to the human body and to discuss regulations and alternatives in earnest. Continuous follow-up studies are required through a well-designed cohort.
A GENERAL COORDINATE FORMULA FOR DESIGNING PHASED ARRAY ANTENNAS IN CYLINDRICAL SHAPE WITH TRIANGULAR GRID

This paper proposes a mathematical model of coordinate combination in a particular shape of phased array antennas, namely, the cylindrical arrays with triangular grid (CATG), which are used in sonar applications. With the proposed solution, phase distribution in the CATG can be synthesized mathematically to calculate the radiation patterns when the main beam needs to be steered to any desirable direction. The results are calculated in both cases of with and without mutual coupling. The validity of the solution is evaluated by comparing the derived radiation patterns with that resulted by the tool Sensor Array Analyzer of MATLAB. However, the tool does not provide the information of phase distribution of all elements, radiation pattern formula of the CATG and requires users to enter coordinates of all elements in the array. The formulas of phase distribution and radiation patterns in this paper are the basis to design any CATG.
Journal of International Women's Studies Journal of International Women's Studies

The objective of this article is to examine the impact of the OPORTUNIDADES-PROSPERA conditional cash transfer program on women heads of household in Mexico. The target of the empowerment of women household heads in the program is predominantly focused on developing human capital, shown by the increase of children in the school by the women household heads. The database was based on the data gathered through the Survey unique questionnaire of socio-economic information (CUIS) realized by the Social Development Secretariat (SEDESOL), through the PROSPERA National Coordination, which operate the OPORTUNIDADES-PROSPERA Program. The database that was analyzed consisted of 3,762 families that profited between 2004 and 2017 and settled in the 32 states of the Mexican Republic. We drew on Amartya Sen's capabilities theory and Martha Nussbaum's later contribution to this theory, to analyse the data which focused on the capacities necessary for women to achieve the desired well-being and overcome the condition of inherited poverty. A methodology with a quantitative-descriptive approach is used through two comparisons. The first focus is on the beneficiary households of the OPORTUNIDADES-PROSPERA program, and the second focus is on the total income of the beneficiary families of the program. This method allows the researcher to have a subjective view of the studied phenomenon and to understand the social world associated with that program. After conducting this study, we concluded that most of the households that entered the program have changed the composition of the head of household. This is because the new access to income transfer has provided some benefits to these women in terms of empowerment. The results show us that the conditional cash transfer programs in households headed by women are not always enough to overcome initial poverty. Also, governments have not been able to combat poverty that affects households headed by women.
How Anxiety and Enthusiasm Help Explain the Bandwagon Effect

This study investigates the role of emotions in the (bandwagon) effect of opinion polls on vote choice. It combines a media content analysis of poll reporting (N = 2,772) on an individual basis with a two wave panel survey (N = 1,064) during the 2013 German Bundestag election campaign. Results show that anxiety and enthusiasm mediate the effect of poll exposure on vote choice. Furthermore, the effect of polls on vote choice is found to be a consequence of how these polls are presented in the media. Polls are more than neutral interim campaign statistics, as they influence vote choice, and do so partly because of the emotions they evoke.
Learning to Conﬁgure Separators in Branch-and-Cut

Cutting planes are crucial in solving mixed integer linear programs (MILP) as they facilitate bound improvements on the optimal solution. Modern MILP solvers rely on a variety of separators to generate a diverse set of cutting planes by invoking the separators frequently during the solving process. This work identiﬁes that MILP solvers can be drastically accelerated by appropriately selecting separators to activate. As the combinatorial separator selection space imposes challenges for machine learning, we learn to separate by proposing a novel data-driven strategy to restrict the selection space and a learning-guided algorithm on the restricted space. Our method predicts instance-aware separator conﬁgurations which can dynamically adapt during the solve, effectively accelerating the open source MILP solver SCIP by improving the relative solve time up to 72% and 37% on synthetic and real-world MILP benchmarks. Our work complements recent work on learning to select cutting planes and highlights the importance of separator management.
Measuring the Impact of an Open Educational Resource and Library e-Resource Adoption Program Using the COUP Framework

Grant programs that foster the use of open educational resources (OER) significantly reduce undergraduate student spending on textbooks per semester. The Zero-Cost Course Materials (ZCCM) grant program at the University of California, Merced (UC Merced), eliminated text costs and ensured access to course materials by replacing required commercial materials with OER and library licensed e-resources. The present study applies the COUP framework (cost, outcomes, usage, and perceptions) to evaluate the ZCCM program. The ZCCM program resulted in student cost savings and did not negatively impact student outcomes. Students in ZCCM courses demonstrated higher rates of course completion than students enrolled in previous sections. For the outcomes of final course grade, passing with a C− or better, and number of credit hours enrolled in, findings were comparable between the cohorts. Student usage and perception of course materials were gathered using a survey. Though students reported favorable views of zero-cost materials, they reported using them less frequently than commercial texts. This research contributes to a growing body of literature that confirms beneficial cost savings for students using zero-cost materials without jeopardizing students’ success.
Diabetes and its associated factors: A Retrospective cohort analysis of a large database at Indus Hospital Health Network

Objectives: This is a retrospective cohort analysis of diabetes and its associated factors from Electronic Medical Record (EMR) of 2020-2022 of Indus Hospital Health Network (IHHN), Korangi campus Karachi. Methods: Retrospective cohort study was conducted at Indus Hospital & Health Network (IHHN), Korangi Karachi. Out-patient records of adult patients of 2020-2022 were extracted from EMR of IHHN in March 2023. Descriptive statistics were presented as median (IQR) and frequency and percentage. Chi-square test determined association of risk-factors with diabetes and Wilcoxon-sign-rank test compared change in HbA1C from baseline. Results: Data of 460,799 adult patients were extracted and analyzed. Median age of patients was 38.71 (27.87-52) years. Female preponderance was observed in our study. Out of 460,799, HbA1C was seen in 42,638 (9.25%) patients. Among these 29,596 (69.4%) had a HbA1C ≥ 6.5% while 13,042 (30.6%) had a HbA1C in the pre-diabetes range. Significant association was found between age, baseline creatinine, LDL and diabetes with no association depicted between gender, BMI, blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL and diabetes status. Patients in general had higher HbA1C at baseline as compared to last visit (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: High blood pressure, obesity, increased creatinine, micro albuminurea, high LDL and Triglycerides were important risk factors for diabetes. This study reports a snap shot of the status of diabetes and associated risk-factors in the Pakistani population. This was the first time that a large data was extracted and analyzed from a healthcare institution in Pakistan, which would guide physicians and public health practitioners to take evidence-based decisions for prevention and management of diabetes.
Examining the Microfoundations for Digital Business Model Innovation of Developing Markets International New Ventures (INVs)

This paper explores micro-foundations for digital business model innovation. This is pertinent because little is known regarding how decision-makers manage the digitalization processes that require business model innovation. Building on dynamic capability and upper echelon theories, this paper sheds light on the dynamic capability driven antecedents of the digital business model innovation of developing market international new ventures (INVs). Using survey data from 145 Pakistani INV, the study reports that internet capabilities (platform and web capabilities) positively influence digital business model innovation. The direct influences are mediated by strategic agility and moderated by the functional diversity of the top management team (TMT). The influence of strategic agility on the digital business innovation model is also positively moderated by TMT's functional diversity. The findings contribute to the nascent literature on antecedents for the digital business model innovation in an under-explored context of developing market INVs. Practical and policy related implications are also discussed.