Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of 21st century sea level to ocean‐induced thinning of Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica

Pine Island Glacier (PIG), Antarctica, is rapidly losing mass, supporting arguments that it may play a major role in 21st century sea‐level rise. Yet this glacier's quantitative contribution to sea level based on theoretical and computational models is poorly known. We have developed a basin‐scale glaciological model to examine the sensitivity of PIG to a range of environmental forcings. While oceanic melt likely played the leading role in recent thinning and retreat, we find that the particular grounding‐line geometry with an extended ice plain in the 1990s made it susceptible to such forcing. Our model further indicates that while the rate of grounding‐line retreat should diminish soon, the glacier's mass loss may continue at rates similar to, or moderately elevated from, the present. While substantial, our model‐derived maximum rate of 2.7 cm/century is considerably smaller than previous heuristically‐derived bounds on the sea‐level contribution.
WNT10B Enhances Proliferation through (cid:2) -Catenin and RAC1 GTPase in Human Corneal Endothelial Cells *

Background: Adult human corneal endothelial cells are G 1 -arrested, often necessitating transplantation in patients with endothelial dysfunction. Results: WNT10B enhances proliferation in human corneal endothelial cells. Conclusion: Modulation of the WNT10B pathway could be used to treat vision loss because of corneal endothelial dysfunction. Significance: Modulation of the WNT10B pathway may provide a means of addressing the impending increase in donor cornea demand. (cid:6) B and AP-1 binding site were as follows: NF- (cid:6) B site 1 ( N1 NF- (cid:6) B site2( N2 (cid:6) Bsite3( N3 A1 site 2 ( A2 ), IL-1 (cid:2) , but not vehicle control treatment, in bind- ing of NF- (cid:6) B and AP-1 to the WNT10B promoter in human CECs. NF- B binding could be antagonized by pretreatment with sulfasalazine but not SB203580, and AP-1 binding could be antagonized with pretreatment with SB203580 but not sulfasalazine. Anti-histone H3 antibody was used as a pos- itivecontrol( (cid:4) ),andnormalrabbitIgGwasusedasanegativecontrol( WNT10B is not expressed in control ( ) or injured ( ) ex vivo human corneal endothelium. treatment induced WNT10B expression in control ex vivo corneal endothelium, WNT10B expression the control (cid:2) -treated
Identifying Rare and Subtle Behaviours : A Weakly Supervised Joint Topic Model

One of the most interesting and desired capabilities for automated video behaviour analysis is the identification of rarely occurring and subtle behaviours. This is of practical value because dangerous or illegal activities often have few or possibly only one prior example to learn from, and are often subtle. Rare and subtle behaviour learning is challenging for two reasons: (1) contemporary modeling approaches require more data and supervision than may be available and (2) the most interesting and potentially critical rare behaviours are often visually subtle – occurring among more obvious typical behaviours or being defined by only small spatio-temporal deviations from typical behaviours. In this paper we introduce a novel weakly-supervised joint topic model which addresses these issues. Specifically we introduce a multi-class topic model with partially shared latent structure and associated learning and inference algorithms. These contributions will permit modeling of behaviours from as few as one example, even without localisation by the user and when occurring in clutter; and subsequent classification and localisation such behaviours online and in real time. We extensively validate our approach on two standard public-space datasets where it clearly outperforms a batch of contemporary alternatives.
Reconciling living religious heritage with value-based management: the case of Mount Athos, Greece

The concept of community participation in values-based Cultural Heritage Management (CHM) has taken on a currency that increasingly raises the expectation for reconciling the gap between the values of heritage professionals and the local communities and empowering the latter in decision-making processes. The World Heritage Site of Mount Athos in Greece offers an excellent opportunity for a case study-based research that critically reflects on the complex processes that create tensions among stakeholders and allows for a discussion of the application and improvement of existing CHM decision-making models – particularly for places of living heritage value. Drawing on a variety of methodologies and sources this thesis explores the issues raised by the concept of heritage and the practice of CHM at a living religious heritage place of recognised international significance. More specifically local problems and solutions that are widely relevant to the international heritage discourse are investigated in three key areas of CHM: the legislative and administrative frameworks; the tension created by the conservation process with regard tangible and intangible perceptions of heritage; the display and accessibility of collections in the light of the perceived threats of overt museumification and touristification. Particular emphasis is placed on the subsequent decision-making conflicts between various stakeholders. Consequently the strengths and weaknesses of an international model for values-based CHM (Australia ICOMOS Burra Charter) and of an Australian model for engaging local communities (the ‘Ask First: A guide to respecting Indigenous heritage places and values’) are critically examined along with certain project management principles (namely the “Gateway Review Process”). The resulting analysis leads to a suggested planning process model for Athonite CHM which has wider implications for the management of living religious heritage and merits careful consideration for the achievement of wider stakeholder participation and active local community involvement in decision-making.
DISCUSION* (Deruelle y Brousse, 1984, Rev. Geol. Chile, No. 22, p. 345). "NUEE ARDENTE" DEPOSITS AT TATA SABAYA VOLCANO: A RE-INTERPRETATION

RESUMEN:En base a evidencias morfologicas, se interpretan los depositos de "nube ardiente" del volcan Tata Sabaya (oeste de Bolivia), como depositos de una gran avalancha volcanica de detritos, similar a la ocurrida en el volcan Saint Helens (noroeste de EE.UU.), en Mayo de 1980. Los bloques con diaclasamiento prismatico y los depositos de pomez descritos por Deruelle y Brousse (1984), son evidencias de actividad magmatica, pero las relaciones estratigraficas entre estos depositos y aquellos de la avalancha de detritos no son claras.
Computing in the Presence of Uncertainty: Disturbing the Peace

Are there computations whose characteristics are akin to certain unique phenomena that are witnessed in di erent domains of science? We are particularly interested in systems whose parameters are altered unpredictably whenever one of these parameters is measured or modied. For example, is there a computational environment in which the uncertainty principle of digital signal processing and Le Châtelier's principle of chemical systems in equilibrium are manifested simultaneously? A positive answer might uncover computations that are inherently parallel in the strong sense, meaning that they are eÆciently executed in parallel, but impossible to carry out sequentially.
Biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon in the Yukon River and its tributaries: Seasonality and importance of inorganic nitrogen

Northern high‐latitude rivers transport large amounts of terrestrially derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) from boreal and arctic ecosystems to coastal areas and oceans. Current knowledge of the biodegradability of DOM in these rivers is limited, particularly for large rivers discharging to the Arctic Ocean. We conducted a seasonally comprehensive study of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) dynamics in the Yukon River and two of its tributaries in Alaska, USA. Distinct seasonal patterns of BDOC, consistent across a wide range of watershed size, indicate BDOC is transported year‐round. Relative biodegradability (%BDOC) was greatest during winter, and decreased into spring and summer. Due to large seasonal differences in DOC concentration, the greatest concentrations of BDOC (mg C L−1) occurred during spring freshet, followed by winter and summer. While chemical composition of DOM was an important driver of BDOC, the overriding control of BDOC was mineral nutrient availability due to wide shifts in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stoichiometry across seasons. We calculated seasonal and annual loads of BDOC exported by the Yukon River by applying measured BDOC concentrations to daily water discharge values, and also by applying an empirical correlation between %BDOC and the ratio of DOC to dissolved inorganic N (DIN) to total DOC loads. The Yukon River exports ∼0.2 Tg C yr−1 as BDOC that is decomposable within 28 days. This corresponds to 12–18% of the total annual DOC export. Furthermore, we calculate that the six largest arctic rivers, including the Yukon River, collectively export ∼2.3 Tg C yr−1 as BDOC to the Arctic Ocean.
Variáveis da família e seu impacto sobre o desenvolvimento infantil

Models such as Bioecology and the System Theory guide the investigation of family and explain how some variables influence the dynamic of this system, including its relation with children development. This study discusses the impact of family variables on child development, specifically, risk and protection factors, covering development performance at school, as well. Finally, four studies are introduced, with emphasis to the following aspects: sibling interaction, social support, age, availability of resources, parent-children interaction, educational and social-economic level, learning and behavior problems, early intervention
Environmental determinants of lightning- v. human-induced forest fire ignitions differ in a temperate mountain region of Switzerland

Understanding the environmental and human determinants of forest fire ignitions is crucial for landscape management. In this study, we consider lightning- and human-induced fires separately and evaluate the relative importance of weather, forest composition and human activities on the occurrence of forest fire ignitions in the most fire-prone region of Switzerland, the Canton Ticino. Independent variables included 14 drought and fire weather indices, forest composition and human influences. Logistic regression models were used to relate these independent variables to records of forest fires over a 37-year period (1969-2005). We found large differences in the importance of environmental and human controls on forest fire ignitions between lightning- and human-induced events: lightning-induced fires occurred in a small range of weather conditions well captured by the Duff Moisture Code from the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System and the LandClim Drought Index, and with negligible influence of distance to human infrastructure, whereas human-induced fires occurred in a wider range of weather conditions well captured by the Angstroem and the Fosberg Fire Weather Index, mainly in deciduous forests, and strongly depending on proximity to human infrastructure. We conclude that the suitability of fire indices can vary dramatically between ignition sources, suggesting that some of these indices are useful within certain regions and fire types only. The ignition source is an important factor that needs to be taken into account by fire managers and when developing models of forest fire occurrence.
Tobacco and tuberculosis: a qualitative systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES To assess the strength of evidence in published articles for an association between smoking and passive exposure to tobacco smoke and various manifestations and outcomes of tuberculosis (TB). Clinicians and public health workers working to fight TB may not see a role for themselves in tobacco control because the association between tobacco and TB has not been widely accepted. A qualitative review and meta-analysis was therefore undertaken. METHODS Reference lists, PubMed, the database of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease and Google Scholar were searched for a final inclusion of 42 articles in English containing 53 outcomes for data extraction. A quality score was attributed to each study to classify the strength of evidence according to each TB outcome. A meta-analysis was then performed on results from included studies. RESULTS Despite the limitations in the data available, the evidence was rated as strong for an association between smoking and TB disease, moderate for the association between second-hand smoke exposure and TB disease and between smoking and retreatment TB disease, and limited for the association between smoking and tuberculous infection and between smoking and TB mortality. There was insufficient evidence to support an association of smoking and delay, default, slower smear conversion, greater severity of disease or drug-resistant TB or of second-hand tobacco smoke exposure and infection. CONCLUSIONS The association between smoking and TB disease appears to be causal. Smoking can have an important impact on many aspects of TB. Clinicians can confidently advise patients that quitting smoking and avoiding exposure to others' tobacco smoke are important measures in TB control.
Procedures for Aggregating the Results of Energy Conservation Research

Various procedures for aggregating the results of research on energy consumption are analyzed and some important criticisms are addressed. The methods include the 'Voting" method, combined significance tests, measures of overall effect size, and cluster analysis. Methods for testing the influence of relevant mediating variables are also described. Effect size measures are recommended, but the energy evaluator is cautioned to select the procedure that is appropriate to the body of research under investigation. The number of evaluation studies in the energy field has increased rapidly in the past decade, and there is a burgeoning literature in this area [1-3]. Even by conservative estimates, the amount of research and evaluation of energy conservation efforts is substantial. The purpose of this paper is to describe a set of procedures called, variously, "meta-evaluation," "meta-analysis," "outcome synthesis," or "research integration" that can be used to combine the results of multiple energy studies. Meta-analysis (the term we will use most frequently-but not exclusively-to refer to those procedures) has evolved over the last two decades in response to the growing number of research and evaluation studies that address particular topics. While each study contributes some bit of information to an overall understanding of the phenomena under investigation, the accurate appraisal of the current level of understanding cannot be achieved without integrating the findings across all of the studies. This is the purpose for which meta-analysis procedures were developed. Even a cursory reading of the literature in the area of energy planning and conservation suggests a number of topics that have received substantial research attention and would be appropriate subjects for
An Open and Shut Case: Epistemic Closure in the Manifest Image

The epistemic closure principle says that knowledge is closed under known entailment. The closure principle is deeply implicated in numerous core debates in contemporary epistemo logy. Closure’s opponents claim that there are good theoretical reasons to abandon it. Closure’s proponents claim that it is a defining feature of ordinary thought and talk and, thus, abandoning it is radically revisionary. But evidence for these claims about ordinary practice has thus far been anecdotal. In this paper, I report five studies on the status of epistemic closure in ordinary practice. Despite decades of widespread assumptions to the contrary in philosophy, ordinary practice is ambivalent about closure. Ordinary practice does not endorse an unqualified version of the epistemic closure principle, although it might endorse a source-relative version of the principle. In particular, whereas inferential knowledge is not viewed as closed under known entailment, perceptual knowledge might be.
Liver Endothelium Microenvironment Promotes HER3-mediated Cell Growth in Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

∼90% metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC) occurs in the liver, and the 5-year survival rate for patients with mPDAC is only at 3%. We previously reported that liver endothelial cells (ECs) secreted soluble factors to promote colorectal cancer cell survival in a paracrine fashion. However, the effects of liver ECs on mPDAC have not been elucidated. In this study, we used primary ECs from non-neoplastic liver tissues. We treated PDAC cells with conditioned medium (CM) from liver ECs, with CM from PDAC as controls, and determined that liver EC-secreted factors increased PDAC cell growth. Using an unbiased receptor tyrosine kinase array, we identified human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3, also known as ErbB3) as a key mediator in EC-induced growth in PDAC cells that have HER3 expression (HER3 +ve). We found that EC-secreted neuregulins activated the HER3-AKT signaling axis, and that depleting neuregulins from EC CM or blocking HER3 with an antibody, seribantumab, attenuated EC-induced proliferation in HER3 +ve PDAC cells, but not in cells without HER3 expression. Furthermore, we determined that EC CM increased PDAC xenograft growth in vivo, and that seribantumab blocked EC-induced growth in xenografts with HER3 expression. These findings elucidated a paracrine role of liver ECs in promoting PDAC cell growth, and identified the HER3-AKT axis as a key mediator in EC-induced functions in PDAC cells with HER3 expression. Implications over 70% mPDAC express HER3. This study suggests the potential of using HER3-targeted therapies for treating patients with HER3 +ve mPDAC.
Identification of groundwater flow paths in complex aquifer systems

A methodology was developed and applied to the Tindouf (southwestern Algeria) and the Annaba–Bouteldja aquifers (northeastern Algeria) in order to understand better the hydrogeology of the complex aquifers despite the scarcity of the available data. Graphical representation of deuterium versus oxygen‐18 and principal components analysis (PCA) are statistical techniques used to combine various disciplinary data in order to identify chemical and isotopic groups, which are in turn used to define groundwater flow paths. The results of this study agree with the generally accepted hydrogeological conceptual model of the aquifers. In addition, we obtained new results using the PCA method: (1) a description of the complex flow system by grouping various qualitative and quantitative parameters; (2) the definition and characterization of the main groundwater flow paths from their sources to the discharge zones. These flow paths are defined by their water categories, which are represented by salinity and origin of groundwater. This approach is useful for analysing aquifers despite the lack of important database and may also be helpful for studying other complex groundwater basins. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive and Neurobiological Mechanisms of the Law of General Intelligence

Why do scores on most cognitive ability tests correlate positively? The fact that people who score highly on one test tend to score highly on others—that some people are more intelligent than others—is now so intuitively obvious that most psychologists, at least since it was first discovered by Spearman (1904), take it for granted. They are not interested in talking about, much less thinking about, let alone investigating, individual differences in cognitive ability. And there is nothing wrong with this; research topics and approaches fade in and out of popularity. Even the harshest critics of IQ profess no surprise at the positive correlations among tests; Stephen J. Gould (1981, p. 315) wrote, “The fact of pervasive intercorrelation between mental tests must be among the most unsurprising major discoveries in the history of science. ” But if we could step out of our normal modes of thinking, if we could free our minds of the “debauchery of learning” that William James famously noted (1890, as quoted by Cosmides & Tooby, 1994), we might wonder why there should be any correlation among cognitive tests, let alone the strong, consistent, positive correlations found in hundreds of studies over the past century (Carroll, 1993).
A disparity refinement framework for learning-based stereo matching methods in cross-domain setting for laparoscopic images

Stereo matching methods that enable depth estimation are crucial for visualization enhancement applications in Computer-Assisted Surgery (CAS). Learning-based stereo matching methods are promising to predict accurate results for applications involving video images. However, they require a large amount of training data, and their performance may be degraded due to domain shifts. Maintaining robustness and improving performance of learning-based methods are still open problems. To overcome the limitations of learning-based methods, we propose a disparity refinement framework consisting of a local disparity refinement method and a global disparity refinement method to improve the results of learning-based stereo matching methods in a cross-domain setting. Those learning-based stereo matching methods are pre-trained on a large public dataset of natural images and are tested on a dataset of laparoscopic images. Results from the SERV-CT dataset showed that our proposed framework can effectively refine disparity maps on an unseen dataset even when they are corrupted by noise, and without compromising correct prediction, provided the network can generalize well on unseen datasets. As such, our proposed disparity refinement framework has the potential to work with learning-based methods to achieve robust and accurate disparity prediction. Yet, as a large laparoscopic dataset for training learning-based methods does not exist and the generalization ability of networks remains to be improved, it will be beneficial to incorporate the proposed disparity refinement framework into existing networks for more accurate and robust depth estimation.
Prevalence of hypothyroidism in infertile women and evaluation of response of treatment for hypothyroidism on infertility

Aims and Objectives: The aim was to study the prevalence of hypothyroidism in infertile women and evaluation of response of treatment for hypothyroidism on infertility. Materials and Methods: A total of 95 infertile women were investigated for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Infertile women with clinical/subclinical hypothyroidism were given thyroxine ranges from 25 to 150 μg. Results: Of 95 infertile women, 53.7% were hypothyroid (TSH > 4.6 μIU/ml). After the treatment with thyroxine, 33.3% of subclinical hypothyroid women conceived within 6 weeks to 2-year period. The mean time to conception was 14.56 ± 4.83 months. Conclusion: Thyroid profile should be done in infertility work up. Women with normal TSH levels who are positive for thyroid antibodies should also be treated with levothyroxine.