Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Effects of a Different Social Partner (Social Robot vs. Human) on Children's Social Referencing in Interaction

Social robots have emerged as a new digital technology that is increasingly being implemented in the educational landscape. While social robots could be deployed to assist young children with their learning in a variety of different ways, the typical approach in educational practices is to supplement the learning process rather than to replace the human caregiver, e.g., the teacher, parent, educator or therapist. When functioning in the role of an educational assistant, social robots will likely constitute a part of a triadic interaction with the child and the human caregiver. Surprisingly, there is little research that systematically investigates the role of the caregiver by examining the ways in which children involve or check in with them during their interaction with another partner—a phenomenon that is known as social referencing. In the present study, we investigated social referencing in the context of a dyadic child–robot interaction. Over the course of four sessions within our longitudinal language-learning study, we observed how 20 pre-school children aged 4–5 years checked in with their accompanying caregivers who were not actively involved in the language-learning procedure. The children participating in the study were randomly assigned to either an interaction with a social robot or a human partner. Our results revealed that all children across both conditions utilized social referencing behaviors to address their caregiver. However, we found that the children who interacted with the social robot did so significantly more frequently in each of the four sessions than those who interacted with the human partner. Further analyses showed that no significant change in their behavior over the course of the sessions could be observed. Findings are discussed with regard to the caregiver's role during children's interactions with social robots and the implications for future interaction design.
Developmental Profile of Executive Functioning in School-Age Children From Northeast Brazil

The development of executive functions (EF) is recognizably correlated to culture, contextual and social factors. However, studies considering all the basic EF are still scarce in Brazil, most notably in the Northeast region, which is known for its social inequality and economic gap. This study aimed to analyze the developmental trajectories and structure of four EF, namely inhibition, flexibility, working memory and planning. In addition, the potential effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and gender were examined. The sample included 230 Brazilian children between 7-12 years old, homogeneously distributed by age, gender and type of school. The EF were assessed through the Brazilian version of the Child Executive Functions Battery (CEF-B). A global effect of age was found for most of the EF measures evaluated. Gender effect was mostly non-significant, except for 4 of the 12 tasks. There was a significant SES effect on 8 tasks, all in favor of private school children. Exploratory factorial and correlation analysis showed a 4-factor EF structure, corroborating the theoretical distribution considered in the CEF-B. A developmental progression is evident in the results for all of the EF measures evaluated. While gender had little influence on EF, SES seems to significantly impact the development of EF. As normative data are still lacking in Northeast Brazil, this study may help to understand EF development trajectories and provide tools for neuropsychological evaluation.
Decidable Entailments in Separation Logic with Inductive Definitions: Beyond Establishment

9 We deﬁne a class of Separation Logic [10, 16] formulæ, whose entailment problem given formulæ φ,ψ 1 ,. ,ψ n , 10 is every model of φ a model of some ψ i ? is 2-EXPTIME -complete. The formulæ in this class are existentially 11 quantiﬁed separating conjunctions involving predicate atoms, interpreted by the least sets of store-heap structures 12 that satisfy a set of inductive rules, which is also part of the input to the entailment problem. Previous work 13 [8, 12, 15] consider established sets of rules, meaning that every existentially quantiﬁed variable in a rule must 14 eventually be bound to an allocated location, i.e. from the domain of the heap. In particular, this guarantees 15 that each structure has treewidth bounded by the size of the largest rule in the set. In contrast, here we show 16 that establishment, although su ﬃ cient for decidability (alongside two other natural conditions), is not necessary, 17 by providing a condition, called equational restrictedness , which applies syntactically to (dis-)equalities. The 18 entailment problem is more general in this case, because equationally restricted rules deﬁne richer classes of 19 structures, of unbounded treewidth. In this paper we show that (1) every established set of rules can be converted 20 into an equationally restricted one and (2) the entailment problem is 2-EXPTIME -complete in the latter case, 21 thus matching the complexity of entailments for established sets of rules [12, 15]. 22
Efeitos do sistema de preparo e da rotação de culturas na porosidade e densidade do solo

This study, covering 12 cultivations, was carried out at Embrapa Rice & Beans Research Center, Santo Antonio de Goias, Goias, Brazil, in an Oxisol, under center pivot, for six consecutive years. The effects of four soil tillage systems and six crop rotations on bulk density and soil porosity were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, using a splitplot arrangement, with three replications. The tillage treatments were: moldboard plough/harrow disc, moldboard plough, harrow disc, and no-tillage. Tillage treatments constituted the main plots and rotation treatments, the subplots. The crop rotations were: (a) upland rice-common bean, (b) corn-common bean, (c) soybean-wheat, (d) soybean-wheat-soybean-common bean-upland rice-common bean, (e) upland rice associated to calopogonium-common bean, and (f) corn-common bean-corn-common bean-upland rice-common bean. Crop rotations a, b, c, and e were annuals and d and f were of three years'duration. The soil under no-tillage at the surface layer (0-10 cm) showed the highest bulk density value and the lowest total porosity and macroporosity values. Whereas the soil under harrow treatment showed the lowest bulk density and the highest total porosity values. Under moldboard plough, the 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil layers had the lowest bulk density values and the highest total porosity and macroporosity values. On the surface layer, crop rotations composed by soybean and wheat showed the highest bulk density and microporosity values and the lowest macroporosity values while the crop rotation composed by upland rice associated to calopogonium and common bean showed the highest macroporosity value and the lowest microporosity value .
Design of Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography for Amino Acid Separations

A systematic design method was used to develop a pilot-scale simulated moving bed (SMB) process for the fractionation of two amino acids, tryptophan and phenylalanine. In this method, isotherms were estimated using both frontal chromatography and batch equilibrium methods, and mass-transfer parameters were estimated using frontal chromatography data. SMB experiments were then conducted using the zone flow rates and port velocity calculated from a theoretical analysis without considering mass-transfer effects (an equilibrium design). The estimated parameters were validated with computer simulation and SMB data based on the equilibrium design. A design considering mass-transfer effects (a nonequilibrium design) was then obtained from the standing wave analysis and tested experimentally. The effluent histories at the extract, raffinate, and sampling ports agreed with those from computer simulations. A sensitivity analysis shows that accurate isotherms, intraparticle diffusivities, and bed voidage are importa.
Functional and Pasting Characteristics of Fermented Maize and Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Flour Diet

3 Abstract: The proximate composition, pasting characteristics, Water Absorption Capacities (WAC), Oil Absorption Capacities (OAC), bulk densities (packed and loosed), Least Gelation Concentrations (LGC) swelling capacity, solubility, and viscosity of fermented and unfermented maize-tilapia mixes namely -MUF , 1 MUF , MFF and MFF was investigated. WAC, OAC, PBD, LBD and LGC obtained are 271.7%; 176.0%; 2 3 4 0.570gmL ; 0.468g/ml; 10% (w/v) and 253.3-300%; 150.0-246.7%;0 355-0.468gmL ; 0. 513-0.610gmL ; 1 1 1 4.0-8.0% (w/v) respectively. Solubility and swelling power increased with increase in temperature. Viscosity increased with increase in the cold paste concentration and temperature. Peak viscosity of MF was 300RVA and 253.83-270.33 RVA in the formulated maize-tilapia mixes.
Synthesis of Magnetite/Graphene Oxide Composite and Application for Cobalt(II) Removal

A magnetite/graphene oxide (M/GO) composite was synthesized via a chemical reaction with a magnetite particle size of 10–15 nm and was developed for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. The composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The sorption of Co(II) on the M/GO composite was carried out under various conditions, that is, contact time, sorbent content, pH, ionic strength, foreign ions, and temperature. The sorption isotherms of Co(II) on the M/GO composite could be described well by the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH0, ΔS0, and ΔG0) calculated from the temperature-dependent isotherms indicated that the sorption reaction of Co(II) on the M/GO composite was an endothermic and spontaneous process. M/GO can be separated and recovered by magnetic separation. Results show that the magnetic M/GO composite is a promising sorbent material for the preconcentration an.
Zeitschrift fUr Kristallographie, Bd. 127, S. 261-275 (1968)

Amarantite is triclinic, space group P I. The lattice constants are a = 8.976A, b = 11.678 A, c = 6.698 A, IX = 95.65°, fJ = 90.36°, y = 97.20°. The unit cell contains two formula units. The reflection intensities were measured with a singlecrystal diffractometer and accurately corrected for absorption. The determination of the crystal structure was carried out with the aid of three-dimensional Patterson and Fourier syntheses. All atoms occupy the general position 2 i. The parameters were refined by the full-matrix least-squares method yielding an R value for all reflections of 5.20/0. The positions of the hydrogen atoms of the water molecules have been determined by means of a final three-dimensional difference-Fourier synthesis.
Promoting Hydroxyl Radical Production during Ozonation of Municipal Wastewater

Hydroxyl radical (HO•) production during ozonation of municipal wastewater was investigated with and without liquid or solid-phase promoters. For liquid-phase promoters, an “ozone dose threshold” was observed, below which addition of H2O2 yielded no discernible increase in the rate of HO• production. This threshold occurs because ozonation of bulk organics in wastewater promotes HO• due to the presence of ambient promoters. Although solid-phase catalysts are reported to promote oxidation of contaminants, ozonation of effluent over TiO2 or GAC was no more effective on trace organic removal than over inert surfaces.
Surface Properties of Mechanical Pulps Prepared under Various Sulfonation Conditions and Preheating Time

Summary In this study, the mechanical pulps were prepared under different preheating time and sulfonation conditions. The pulping conditions chosen yield a gradient of pulps ranging from thermomechanical pulp (TMP) through chemithermomechnical pulp (CTMP) with a low degree of sulfonation to CTMP with a high degree of sulfonation. The increase of the sodium sulfite charge resulted in a gradient of sulfur content which was shown to be related to the introduction of strong acidic groups as well as to the decrease of the carbohydrate content at the surface revealed by Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA). These results together with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) investigations confirm that the plane of rupture in the fiber has been transferred to a more lignin-rich area of the middle lamella. Despite the lower carbohydrate content at the surface, the water wettability of fibers was increased as revealed by dynamic contact angle. This is explained by the polar contribution of sulfonated lignin to the surface energy of the fibers. Inverse Gas Chromatography (IGC) analysis confirmed the differences in the surface properties of the pulps.
Estimation of Medication Dispensing Errors (MDEs) as Tracked by Passive RFID-Based Solution

Errors from dispensing medicines, as part of medication errors, can have deadly consequences. Notwithstanding the occasional incidental reports, the impact of such errors remains significant given the high amount of medicines distributed daily. Here, the authors case studied the medication dispensing errors and the resulting impact on patient safety vis-à-vis a medico-surgical emergency department of a local university hospital center. The approach comprises two parts: first, an estimation of medication dispensing error rates; and second, a suggested passive radio frequency identification based solution aimed to reduce such incidents. The benefits of the adapted novel solution relative to the commonly used systems will be highlighted. They conclude with an overview of the study results and provides insights on how attending to this key challenge of medication dispensing errors will further enhance future health informatics practices and research.
A Dynamic Programming Approach to Optimal Lane Merging of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles

Lane merging is one of the major sources causing traffic congestion and delay. With the help of vehicle-to-vehicle or vehicle-to-infrastructure communication and autonomous driving technology, there are opportunities to alleviate congestion and delay resulting from lane merging. In this paper, we first summarize modern features and requirements for lane merging, along with the advance of vehicular technology. We then formulate and propose a dynamic programming algorithm to find the optimal solution for a two-lane merging scenario. It schedules the passing order for vehicles while minimizing the time needed for all vehicles to go through the merging point (equivalent to the time that the last vehicle goes through the merging point). We further extend the problem to a consecutive lane-merging scenario. We show the difficulty to apply the original dynamic programming to the consecutive lane-merging scenario and propose an improved version to solve it. Experimental results show that our dynamic programming algorithm can efficiently minimize the time needed for all vehicles to go through the merging point and reduce the average delay of all vehicles, compared with some greedy methods.
Produtividade e acúmulo de potássio na soja em função da antecipação da adubação potássica no sistema plantio direto

An earlier application of potassium fertilizer, in the cultivation of cover crop species preceding the main summer crop in no-tillage system can be an advantageous in commercial farming. The objective of this study was to evaluate grain yield and K accumulation in soybean due to an earlier application of potassium fertilizer to a pear millet cover crop, and compared to K applied at sowing of the subsequent soybean under no-tillage. The experiment was conducted at the Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, state of Sao Paulo, in the 2000/2001, 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 growing seasons, on a Dystroferric Red Latosol (sandy loam Oxisol), cultivated with soybean (summer) in rotation with black oats (winter) under no-till for two years prior to the experiment. Pear millet (Pennisetum glaucum) was sown in September over the residues of black oat (Avena strigosa), and soybean (Glycine max) was planted in the first weeks of December, in the three growing seasons. The treatments consisted of 0, 30, 60, and 90 kg ha-1 K2O doses applied to pear millet, in combination with 0, 30, 60, and 90 kg ha-1 K2O applied to soybean. The experiment was in random blocks, using a 4 x 4 factorial design with four replications. Soybean plants were harvested 25, 50, 75, and 100 days after emergence, and the grains harvested at the end of the experiment in order to determine K accumulation and yield. The early application of 60 to 90 kg ha-1 K2O at pear millet sowing did not affect K accumulation in soybean plants. Soybean yields were higher with applications of 80 to 90 kg ha-1 K2O, which can be totally applied at pear millet sowing. The anticipation of the application of KCl at pear millet sowing reduced K export in soybean grains.
Lidar-based Deep Neural Network for Reference Lane Generation

To provide safe autonomous driving to customers, the automotive industry faces a huge challenge to test and validate the self-driving functions. It is estimated that self-driving cars will cover about 240 million real or virtual kilometers on the journey to being mass production-ready. In other words, each function in the sense-plan-act loop of autonomous driving has to undergo a stringent test and validation process using a large amount of real and simulated data. Thus, the generation of reference data for test and validation purposes at an industrial scale is a crucial topic and requires a high degree of automation. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based approach named RoadNet to generate reference road data for testing and validating the in-vehicle lane detection function. Furthermore, we present our processing pipeline running in a data center which fully automatizes the generation of reference data through RoadNet. We evaluate the accuracy and generalization ability of the proposed method using the automation pipeline. Although improving the quantitative evaluation results is still work in progress, we believe that our solution to productionize a deep neural network is of great importance for the cost-sensitive automotive industry.
Waveguide Components Based on Multiple-Mode Resonators: Advances in Microwave Multiple-Mode Waveguide Components, Including Multiplexers, Three-State Diplexers, Crossovers, and Balanced/Unbalanced Elements

Waveguide components have been widely explored for several decades, due to their inherent merits of low insertion losses, high quality (Q) factors, and a significant power-handling capacity. Historically, cavity-based narrowband filters and multiplexers have been explored and designed for base stations and satellite applications. Compared with using single-mode resonators (SMRs), the implementation of multiple-mode resonators (MMRs) in waveguide structures is a promising solution to dramatically reduce the circuit volume and improve the frequency selectivity. Taking advantage of MMR techniques, various innovative waveguide structures have been proposed for a wide range of application scenarios. This article presents an overview of advances in microwave multiple-mode waveguide components, including narrow-, wide-, and multiband filters; multiplexers; three-state diplexers; crossovers; and balanced/unbalanced elements. Representative examples and their results are comprehensively discussed and summarized.
Designing RBFNs Structure Using Similarity-Based and Kernel-Based Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Algorithms

The RBF networks belong to a set of artificial neural network architectures. RBF networks have been successfully applied for solving various data mining tasks including classification, and regression. Successful implementation of the RBF network depends on numerous factors among which, the crucial is its structure. The decision on the network structure has to be taken at the network initialization stage. It requires calculating or inducing the number of centroids, and their respective locations. The above problem is known to be NP-hard, and hence, not easily solvable. The traditional approach for deciding on the number of hidden units is based on applying the k-means algorithm for calculating cluster centroids. Unfortunately, the procedure guarantees neither a satisfactory accuracy nor the required generalization level of the RBF network under development. To alleviate the problem for cluster determination, i.e. number of centroids, we propose the similarity-based algorithm (SCA) for the RBF networks initialization, as well as an alternative method for initializing RBFNs using the kernel-based fuzzy clustering algorithm (KFCM-K). In both cases, the number of resulting centroids and their initial locations are provided automatically. The next step involves applying the optimization procedure resulting in the selection of the final centroids’ location. The procedure is integrated with the output weights determination. Since the discussed optimization problem is computationally difficult it has been decided to apply the agent-based population learning algorithm (PLA) which belongs to the class of metaheuristics. A comparative study of approaches based on SCA and KFCM-K is included in the paper. Their effectiveness is demonstrated experimentally using artificial and real benchmark datasets. The results of the computational experiment have shown that both proposed approaches for designing RBFNs perform significantly better than other algorithms used for this task.
Mechanism of proton doping in polyaniline

The protonation processes of polyaniline (PANI) were examined by means of both UV-visible and fluorescence spectra and in situ UV-visible and in situ electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra in order to understand he mechanism of proton doping in PANI. Results obtained from UV-visible and fluorescence spectra of PANI films indicate that the protonation processes take place on the imine segment of the polyemerldine chain consistent with MacDiarmid's suggestions. It is noted that the protonation processes consist of chemical and diffusion processes. The doping processes at the initial stage are controlled by a chemical reaction, whereas the doping processes at the middle period are dominated by a diffusion process. In situ ESR spectra of PANI films have demonstrated that a polaron is formed after protonation processes, but a splitting process of bipolaron into polaron at the measured time region was not observed. For partial protonated PANI, moreover, the fact that variation of absorption value of the peak at 630 nm with doping time supported suggestions in which a parameter of the protonation state for the molecular structure of doped PANI should be considered. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Automatic Teeth Recognition in Dental X-Ray Images Using Transfer Learning Based Faster R-CNN

Computer aided diagnosis in dental treatment is highly desirable as it brings efficiency and accuracy in dental treatment. In this paper, an automatic teeth recognition method is proposed involving faster R-CNN method. The proposed method is implemented using a pre-trained ResNet-50 to automatically recognize tooth by its number. This paper follows the universal tooth numbering system to number the teeth. Obtained result is evaluated using mean average precision (mAP). The system achieved 0.942 mAP and thus can be considered as a reliable tool to aid dental care system professionals in automatic recognition of tooth.