Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TANGLE SUM AND CONSTRUCTIBLE SPHERES

In this paper we discuss the relation between the combinatorial properties of cell decompositions of 3-spheres and the bridge index of knots contained in their 1-skeletons. The main result is to solve the conjecture of Ehrenborg and Hachimori which states that for a knot K in the 1-skeleton of a constructible 3-sphere satisfies e(K)≥2b(K), where e(K) is the number of edges K consists of, and b(K) is the bridge index of K. The key tool is a sharp inequality of the bridge index of tangles in relation with "tangle sum" operation, which improves the primitive rough inequality used by Eherenborg and Hachimori. We also present an application of our new tangle sum inequality to improve Armentrout's result on the relation between shellability of cell decompositions of 3-spheres and the bridge index of knots in a general position to their 2-skeletons.
THIRD POSITIVE (C‐TYPE) PHOTOTROPISM IN THE AVENA COLEOPTILE1

SUMMARY The third (C-type)1 response results from a tonic and a tropistic effect of the irradiation. The Bunsen-Roscoe reciprocity law applies to the tonic as well as to the tropistic component. A simple dependence on the duration of the stimulus does not exist, but is simulated by the time interval required for effectuation of the tonic component. It is concluded that the C-type curvature is identical with the first positive curvature, but is evoked by larger doses of unilateral light because of a desensibilisation of the coleoptiles by the tonic effect of the long unilateral irradiation itself. This desensibilisation process takes a minimum period of 4 resp. 15 minutes to be effective with red-preirradiated or dark-cultivated coleoptiles, respectively.
Toward explanation of microstructure in pulsar radio emission

Propagation of relativistically beamed radio photons through the ultrarelativistic highly magnetized plasma of pulsar magnetosphere is considered. The photons are found to be subject to an additional strong focusing inside the beam because of induced Compton scattering off the plasma particles. Incorporating this focusing effect is shown to improve on the angular beaming model of pulsar microstructure. For the typical conditions in the scattering region, the photon beam appears up to a few hundred times squeezed and its size becomes compatible with the observed micropulse widths. The induced Compton scattering can also account for the polarization properties of micropulses. Furthermore, given a favourable observational geometry, the focusing effect can explain the giant micropulses observed in the Vela and some other pulsars.
Optimal Binary Identification Procedures

Binary identification problems model a variety of actual problems, all containing the requirement that one construct a testing procedure for identifying a single unknown object belonging to a known finite set of possibilities. They arise in connection with machine fault-location, medical diagnosis, species identification, and computer programming. Each binary identification problem consists of a finite set of possibilities for the unknown object and a finite set of binary-valued tests which are to be applied to identify the unknown object. Associating a fixed cost with each test and, with each object possibility, a probability that it is the unknown object, one would like to construct an optimal identification procedure which will identify the unknown object with minimal expected testing cost.We first describe the basic model for binary identification problems and present a number of general results, including a dynamic programming algorithm for constructing optimal identification procedures. The main res.
The Structure and Energetics of the Tropical Cyclone I. Storm Structure

Abstract A composite study of 10 years of northwest Pacific rawinsonde data is used to analyze the large-scale structure of tropical cyclones. The temperature, height, moisture, wind and vertical motion fields are analyzed for various storm regions. Mean soundings for all regions from the eye through 12° radius are presented. Rainfall characteristics of the area inside 4° radius are discussed. Hurricane flight data are used to augment the analyses in the inner regions. Many important features are noted. Strong persistent asymmetries in storm structure exist, particularly at large radii. The storm circulation has very broad horizontal extent and appears to conform to a constant scale regardless of inner core intensity. Inflow in the middle troposphere is substantial from 4° outward. A mean subsidence region is observed from about 4–6° radius. Humidities are extremely high in the inner regions, and conditional instability exists everywhere outside the eye. Significant diurnal variations in rainfall and temp.
A detailed investigation of block dynamic sliding by the discontinuous deformation analysis

An extensive examination of the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) in block dynamic sliding modeling is carried out in this paper. Theoretical solutions for a single block sliding on an arbitrarily inclined plane by applying the horizontal/vertical seismic loadings to the sliding block as acceleration time histories or to the base as constraint displacement time histories are derived. As compared with the theoretical solutions, for a single block sliding, the DDA predicts the sliding displacements and block interaction forces accurately under various base incline angles and friction angles under both the harmonic loadings and a real seismic loading. The vertical seismic component may influence the block sliding displacements to different extent, and the DDA can capture these phenomena successfully and give accurate results. For the calculation of the single block relative sliding, both the theoretical and the DDA solutions indicate that applying the seismic accelerations as constraint displacement time histories (derived by integrating the seismic accelerations twice) to the base is equivalent to applying the seismic accelerations as volume forces to the sliding block in the opposite directions. The DDA modeling also demonstrates that this conclusion still stands for the case of multi‐block sliding. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implicit fluid–structure coupling for simulation of cardiovascular problems

A three‐dimensional (3‐D) transient solid–fluid coupling system has been developed in order to study cardiovascular systems and devices. The system utilized two commercial implicit solvers, which exchanged boundary parameters from separate meshes over a common interface. Facility was made for the spatial interpolation of these exchange parameters so that the solid and fluid domain meshes need not have similar density or topology. Stability algorithms were added to the iterative coupling process, as were algorithms to smooth or entirely remesh the fluid domain interior subject to the deformations imposed at the solid–fluid interface. Several application scenarios were undertaken, whereby simulation results could be compared to either analytical or detailed experimental data. It was hoped they would also offer further insight into the operation of a number of clinical devices. The results of these comparisons show that the simulation of complex cardiac systems, with non‐linear solid–fluid interactions, can now be achieved with sufficient accuracy to be of significant benefit to manufacturers. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimated Mature Weights and Growth Curves for Large White Sows

Mature weight for Large White sows was estimated as the asymptote of a negative exponential growth curve. The data consisted of 2620 weight recordings from 147 sows for the period 1995? 1999. Body weight was recorded every 2 weeks from 150 days of age until first service and at parturition and weaning in each parity. A starting point of 150 days was chosen in order to fit the Brody function to the data. Estimates of mature weight in relation to the number of records available (5? 10, 11? 15, 16? 20 and >20) per sow were 285, 258, 260 and 270 kg, respectively. The goodness of fit was calculated as a residual standard deviation (9.7? 15.4). No significant effect on mature weight was found for feeding level during rearing or age at first service. The estimated mature weights increased with the number of records available and was more reasonable if the weights were collected throughout the growth and reproductive period.
Stress-induced effects on depletion-layer capacitance of metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors

Depletion-layer capacitance of n-type metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors is investigated under a uniaxial 〈110〉 stressed condition, by means of a high-frequency sweep measurement at room temperature. Abrupt large shifts of the depletion-layer capacitance by the stress are observed. Gauge factors of the effects are approximately 13–33 at 500 ppm strain, which are almost comparable with the piezoresistance effect, and have an opposite sign in tension and compression. The capacitance shifts could be explained with the intrinsic Fermi level which lifts and drops by a change in the ratio of the density-of-states effective masses of holes to electrons due to the band splitting.
Boundedness, one-point extensions and B-extensions

The general concept of boundedness in a topological space generalizes both metric boundedness and relative compactness. A one-point extension o(ℱX) of the space X is naturally associated to each boundedness ℱX and every Hausdorff one-point extensions of a space X can be obtained in this way. Imitating this construction, it is possible to define a much more general class of Hausdorff extensions of a locally bounded space with respect to a given boundedness, the so-called B-extensions. In this paper we study separation properties and metrizability of this kind of extension.
The Radius of Jupiter and Its Polar Haze

Abstract CCD photometry of Jupiter's satellite Callisto in eclipse has been fitted to model light curves to determine polar radii of 67,168±50 km (north) and 67,106±62 km (south). These values are about 172 and 110 km, respectively, greater than that computed from Jupiter's equatorial dimension and its hydrostatic figure at the 0.5-mbar eclipse altitude. We attribute the excess radius to attenuation of light by the high haze layer of the polar atmosphere and set an upper limit of detectable haze at about 300 km above the 1-bar pressure level. Nonpolar eclipse results give radii that are in good agreement with the accepted size of Jupiter and do not indicate haze above the eclipse altitude.
Image denoising method based on 3D transform and local noise analysis

This paper proposes a novel image denoising method based on filtering in 3D transform domain. At first, we apply block-DCT to the image point-by-point, then, all the transform data block are collected to build a 3D array. All the coefficients from the same band in this 3D array can be an 1D-array. We apply global 1D-DCT to those 1D-arrays, and get local de-noise threshold by local noise analysis and local structure analysis. After threshold process, we can get result by inverse 1D-DCT and inversing block-DCT corresponding to forward transform. The experimental results show that the proposed technique deliver state-of-art denoising performance, both in terms of objective criteria and visual quality.
Localizing Systems, Module Systems, and Semistar Operations☆

Abstract We present the concept of module systems for cancellative monoid. This concept is a common generalization of the notion of an ideal system (as presented by F. Halter-Koch (“Ideal Systems,” Dekker, New York, 1997)) and the notion of a semistar operation (as introduced by A. Okabe and R. Matsuda ( Math. J. Toyama Univ. 17 (1994), 1–21)). It allows a new insight into the connection between semistar operations and localizing systems (as developed in by M. Fontana and J. A. Huckaba ( in “Commutative Rings in a Non-Noetherian Setting” (S. T. Chapman and S. Glanz, Eds.), Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht/Norwell, MA, 2000)), a general theory of flatness (including results of M. Fontana ( in “Advances in Commutative Ring Theory” (D. E. Dobbs et al., Eds.), pp. 271–306, Dekker, New York, 1999) and S. Gabelli ( in “Advances in Commutative Ring Theory” (D. E. Dobbs et al., Eds.), pp. 391–409, Dekker, New York, 1999)) and a new presentation of the theory of generalized integral closures.
Coupled thickness–shear and thickness–twist vibrations of unelectroded AT‐cut quartz plates

The equation of coupled thickness–shear and thickness–twist vibrations for rotated Y‐cut quartz plates is applied in the analysis of unelectroded rectangular and circular AT‐cut quartz plates with free edges. In the case of the rectangular plate, the appropriate edge conditions are found and the solutions are obtained. In the case of the circular plate, the two coefficients appearing in the planar differential operator are written as a sum of an isotropic part plus a deviation. The eigensolutions for the nearby isotropic case are found and the resonant frequencies for the actual anisotropic case are obtained from the equation for the perturbation of the eigenfrequency from the isotropic solution. For the circular plate, the results have been compared with measurements of the fundamental and the third harmonic overtone, and the agreement is quite good.
Shallow water waves on shear flows

An equation for waves on the surface of a flow with shear is deduced and shown to reduce by suitable scaling to the classical equation of Korteweg & de Vries, which describes such motions on a stationary flow. For steady flows the corresponding theory of cnoidal waves is obtained and the results of Benjamin (1962) for a solitary wave recovered.
Formation Process of Stacking Faults with Ringlike Distribution in CZ-Si Wafers

In some large diameter CZ-Si wafers, stacking faults with ringlike distribution are observed after thermal oxidation. Although the stacking faults are formed through wafer thickness from surface into bulk after dry O2 or steam oxidation, no stacking faults are observed after N2 annealing or HCl+dry O2 oxidation. All the stacking faults, even in bulk, are therefore considered to be formed by the condensation of silicon self-interstitials generated at the surface during oxidation. The ringlike distribution is found to originate from grown-in oxygen precipitates observed right in the center of the stacking faults by transmission electron microscope.
THE ECONOMIC UTILITY OF WEATHER FORECASTS

Abstract The economic factors involved in the use of weather forecasts are discussed, and procedures for analyzing the economic utility of both probability and categorical forecasts are derived. Some of the considerations involved in making public forecasting decisions are presented, and expressions are suggested for assessing the economic utility of public forecasts. The relationships between these measures of economic usefulness and certain formulae frequently used to assess forecasting accuracy are also pointed out.
Unequal energy sharing in the angle-resolved double photoionization cross section of helium

The method of energy- and angle-resolved electron-electron coincidences has been applied to measure for the first time the triple differential cross section (TDCS) for double photoionization in helium for unequal energy sharing of the two electrons (E2=9.6E1) and using completely linearly polarized light. Compared to the case of equal energy sharing, the symmetry constraints for the shape of the TDCS are much less rigorous, and this makes it a more sensitive test case for theoretical treatments. Excellent agreement is found with theory.
Development of Near-Field Fluorescence Lifetime Thermometry

Accurate temperature mapping in nanoscale is essential for the thermal system design of devices. However, conventional optical thermometers cannot achieve nanoscale spatial resolution because of the diffraction limit of light. A novel superresolved optical temperature measurement technique using the near-field fluorescence lifetime is presented. The experimental apparatus based on a frequency domain fluorescence lifetime measurement method has been developed. The fluorophore was molecularly adsorbed onto the sample surface as the nanoscale temperature probe, and the temperature dependence of the fluorescence lifetime was observed. The measurement results of the temperature gradient in a micro wire heater indicate the feasibility of the proposed method.
On The Propagation And Modulation Of Electrostatic Solitary Waves Observed Near The Magnetopause On Cluster

We present the results of a study of Electrostatic Solitary Waves (ESWs) in which propagation of a series of noncyclical ESWs is observed from one Cluster spacecraft to another over distances as great as tens of km and time lags as great as a few tens of ms. This propagation study was conducted for locations near the magnetopause on the magnetosheath side. Propagation was found primarily toward the earth with speeds on the order of 1500 to 2400 km/s. The sizes of the ESWs obtained from these velocities were on the order of 1 km along the magnetic field direction and several tens of km perpendicular. These results are consistent with measurements on single spacecraft in which the ESW propagation is observed with time lags of only ∼0.1 ms. Our results thus show the stability of ESWs over time periods much greater than their own characteristic pulse durations of a few 100s of microseconds. We present also the results of a study of ESW modulation at the magnetopause on the earthward side. We found that ESWs w.
On Estimating Finite Population Mean in Simple and Stratified Random Sampling

In this article, we propose an exponential ratio type estimator for estimating the finite population mean in simple and stratified random sampling. The properties of the proposed estimator are obtained and comparison is made with some of the existing estimators. The proposed estimator is found to perform better than the usual mean, ratio, exponential ratio, traditional regression and Pandy (1980) estimators in simple and stratified random sampling. We use six data sets for simple random sampling case and two data sets for stratified random sampling case to compare the performances of all of the estimators considered here.
Acoustic Properties of Sediments

This is a summary of an experimental study to measure the acoustic properties of water‐saturated sediments. The sediments used were laboratory prepared to allow control of physical parameters (such as grain size, volume concentration, compressibility, etc.) and to approximate natural sediments. Acoustic velocity and attenuation in the sediments were measured over the frequency range 4–600 kHz. Acoustic measurements were made at high frequencies by means of two probes inserted in the sediments, and at low frequencies by means of a specially constructed rigid‐wall standing‐wave tube. The data presented show the frequency dependence of attenuation and velocity in the laboratory‐prepared sediments and the change in this frequency dependence with changes in physical parameters of the sediments. Sediments composed of pure kaolinite, or kaolinite and sand up to 15% (by weight), show an f1.37 frequency dependence of attenuation. Sediments with greater than 30% sand (by weight), including pure sand, exhibit an f0.
Ill-posedness versus ill-conditioning–an example from inverse option pricing

The article considers a problem of inverse option pricing aimed at the identification of a not directly observable time-dependent volatility function from maturity-dependent option prices. In this situation, an important aspect is the calibration of the antiderivative of the squared volatility. This inverse problem leads to an operator equation with a forward operator of Nemytskii type generated by a monotone function of two variables. In recent literature, an analysis of this forward operator and several numerical case studies have been conducted which revealed certain instability effects. This article supplements these results by studying the nature of these instabilities. In this context, the focus is on the question whether the problem is well-posed or ill-posed, i.e. whether the inverse operator is continuous or not continuous in suitable Banach spaces. As the mentioned instabilities result in strongly oscillating approximate solutions, we finish by presenting a numerically effective algorithm which uses a priori information about the monotonicity of the searched antiderivative to compute a smooth approximate solution.
Co-Pt micromagnets by electrodeposition

Arrays of cylindrical Co–Pt micromagnets with 2 μm diameter have been successfully fabricated by optical lithography and electrodeposition. The influence of applied current density and the aspect ratio on the magnetic properties of the micromagnets have been investigated. Intrinsic coercivities (MHc) up to 3.7 kOe, retentivities (Br) up to 4.9 kG, and large energy products (BH)max up to 34 kJ/m3 (4.31 MGOe) have been achieved. The cylinder aspect ratio strongly influences the magnetic properties of the magnet array. Specifically, coercivity MHc, squareness (Mr/Ms), and energy product (BH)max, all increase with increasing aspect ratio. Current density only slightly influences the magnetic properties. The large energy product attained and the compatibility with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor fabrication, render these structures interesting candidates for hard magnetic components in microelectromechanical systems.
AN INVESTIGATION ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF BENDING, BUCKLING AND VIBRATION OF NANOBEAMS VIA NONLOCAL BEAM THEORY

In the present study, a nonlocal hyperbolic shear deformation theory is developed for the static flexure, buckling and free vibration analysis of nanobeams using the nonlocal differential constitutive relations of Eringen. The theory, which does not require shear correction factor, accounts for both small scale effects and hyperbolic variation of shear strains and consequently shear stresses through the thickness of the nanobeam. The equations of motion are derived from Hamilton's principle. Analytical solutions for the deflection, buckling load and natural frequency are presented for a simply supported nanobeam, and the obtained results are compared with those predicted by the nonlocal Timoshenko beam theory and Reddy beam theories. Present solutions can be used for the static and dynamic analyses of single-walled carbon nanotubes.
Corrigendum: Energy transfer, entanglement and decoherence in a molecular dimer interacting with a phonon bath (2010 New J. Phys. 12 065045)

In this corrigendum, we present the analytic corrections to the paper Hossein-Nejad and Scholes 2010 New J. Phys. 12 065045. Due to a mathematical error in the computation of the oscillator traces, the conclusions of that paper with regards to dynamics of an interacting dimer are incorrect. In this corrigendum we provide analytic expressions for the quantity of interest in Hossein-Nejad and Scholes (2010): the reduced density matrix of a weakly coupled dimer that interacts with a high frequency oscillator mode. Our result is valid for system–oscillator coupling that is smaller than the oscillator frequency, and can readily be generalized to multiple oscillator modes.