Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Dynamic Bubble Nucleation on Bitumen Flotation

Abstract Bubble nucleation in water under dynamic conditions was investigated using an autoclave at an air saturation pressure of 7 atm with different operating conditions. Agitation during air saturation of water was found to be crucial in enhancing tiny bubble formation. Without agitation, virtually no bubbles nucleated on hydrophobic surfaces. More bubbles were found to nucleate on hydrophobic surfaces at a higher agitation rate due to the formation of more cavities by more intense hydrodynamic conditions. The effect of saturation temperature (20–90°C) on bubble nucleation under dynamic conditions was only marginal, which differed from static bubble nucleation where the nucleation event reduced with increasing temperature. Flotation recovery of bitumen from oil sands extraction demonstrated a significant role of tiny bubbles nucleated in water: more than a 50–170% increase in bitumen recovery from different oil sands was obtained by using air supersaturated water rather than regular water. Résumé On a étudié la nucléation de bulle dans l'eau, sous des conditions dynamiques, en utilisant un autoclave à une pression de saturation de l'air de 7 atm, à différentes conditions d'opération. On a trouvé que l'agitation lors de la saturation en air de l'eau était cruciale pour améliorer la formation de bulles minuscules. Sans agitation, virtuellement aucune bulle n'était nucléée sur les surfaces hydrophobes. On a trouvé qu'un plus grand nombre de bulles étaient nucléées sur les surfaces hydrophobes à une vitesse d'agitation plus élevée à cause de la formation d'un plus grand nombre de cavités sous l'effet des conditions hydrodynamiques plus intenses. L'effet de la température de saturation (20–90°C) sur la nucléation de bulle sous des conditions dynamiques était marginal, ce qui différait de la nucléation statique de bulle où l'événement de nucléation était réduit avec l'augmentation de la température. La récupération par flottation du bitume par extraction des sables bitumineux a démontré un rôle significatif des bulles nucléées dans l'eau: on a obtenu une augmentation de plus de 50–170% de la récupération du bitume à partir de différents sables bitumineux en utilisant de l'eau sursaturée à l'air plutôt que de l'eau régulière.
Antisense Transcripts and Antisense Protein: A New Perspective on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

It was first predicted in 1988 that there may be an Open Reading Frame (ORF) on the negative strand of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) genome that could encode a protein named AntiSense Protein (ASP). In spite of some controversy, reports began to emerge some years later describing the detection of HIV-1 antisense transcripts, the presence of ASP in transfected and infected cells, and the existence of an immune response targeting ASP. Recently, it was established that the asp gene is exclusively conserved within the pandemic group M of HIV-1. In this review, we summarize the latest findings on HIV-1 antisense transcripts and ASP, and we discuss their potential functions in HIV-1 infection together with the role played by antisense transcripts and ASPs in some other viruses. Finally, we suggest pathways raised by the study of antisense transcripts and ASPs that may warrant exploration in the future.
Long-Lasting Insecticide-Incorporated Netting and Interception Traps at Pilot-Scale Warehouses and Commercial Facilities Prevents Infestation by Stored Product Beetles

At any point along the post-harvest supply chain, commodities are vulnerable to insect infestation. This is due to a variety of factors, but includes landscape-scale movement of stored product insects to and from food facilities and natural refugia. Long-lasting insecticide-incorporated netting (LLIN) is an innovative tactic that may be used to intercept immigrating insects. LLIN can be used to cover gaps in architecture (e.g., vents, windows, eaves, or over pallets of goods) at food facilities. Another novel approach would be to use LLIN as a kill mechanism in attract-and-kill inspired interception traps on the perimeter of facilities. Furthermore, employing these two LLIN-based approaches together would create multiple protective barriers to reduce infestation in commodities. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to (1) examine the ability of interception traps to capture stored product insects at commercial wheat and rice food facilities, (2) assess whether LLIN deployment method affected efficacy in preventing infestation by stored product insects in pilot-scale warehouses, and (3) determine the success of using LLIN alone, interception traps alone, or both together to prevent infestations. Over 2 years, interception traps deployed for 48-h periods on the perimeter of commercial food facilities captured over 3,000 insects, representing 14 stored product insect taxa. Warehouses deploying LLIN exhibited an 89–93% and 98–100% reduction in insects reaching and progeny production in commodities, even after the release of 3,600 insects of three species over 12 weeks. The combined use of LLIN and interception traps did not improve control above LLIN alone, but this may be because insects could fly unencumbered, highlighting the importance of covering gaps with LLIN on food facilities.
Efficacy of an Internet-Based Intervention for Subclinical Depression (MoodBox) in China: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Subclinical depression is a prevalent mental health problem and increases the incidence of the onset of major mood disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD). Psychological interventions have been proved to be effective for reducing depressive symptoms for people with subclinical depression and can prevent the onset of MDD. However, people have limited access to face-to-face psychotherapy. Internet-based psychological intervention is an alternative treatment option. The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of MoodBox, an online psychological intervention program, for subclinical depression. Methods: This study is a multicenter, randomized, controlled, non-blinded superiority study with three parallel groups. A total of 435 first-year university students with subclinical depression will be recruited. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to the MoodBox group, the online psychoeducation group, and the naturalistic observation group at a ratio of 1:1:1. The intervention period is 8 weeks, and participants will be continuously followed up for 1 year. The primary outcome of the study is the efficacy of the intervention, defined as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Discussion: This is the first study to innovatively develop and test an intervention to improve psychological well-being and decrease the incidence of MDD in a subclinical depression population in China. Once proven effective and acceptable, MoodBox could be potentially integrated into the routine clinical service to facilitate the management for people with subclinical depression. Clinical Trial Registration: The trial is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on 21 July 2020 (No. ChiCTR2000034826).
The Moderating Role of Education on the Relationship Between Perceived Stereotype Threat and False Memory in Aging

Studies regularly show that an age-based stereotype threat impairs older adults’ performance on memory tasks. Results regarding stereotype threat effects on false memories are less clear. Some studies suggest that education may moderate the relationship between an age-related stereotype threat and episodic memory performance in older adults. The present study aimed at examining the moderating role of education on the relationship between perceived stereotype threat (PST) and false memories in older adults. With this aim, 82 adults between 60 and 70 years of age performed a Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) task followed by a free recall test and completed questionnaires assessing both their perception of an age-based stereotype threat and their education level. Regression analyses showed no effect of PST on the production of critical lures. However, as was expected, our results showed that in higher educated older adults, as the perception of stereotype increases, the production of critical lures increases. These results confirm the moderating role of education and highlight its key role in the relationship between the age-based stereotype threat and older adults’ susceptibility to false memories.
Anxiety and Depression Comorbidities in Moroccan Patients With Breast Cancer

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide with more than 1. 7 million new cases annually. Major advances have been made in the therapeutic management of this condition in many countries. However, neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with breast cancer constitute a significant concern due to their negative impact on patient's life and on the success of therapy itself. Methodology: In this study we aimed to evaluate psychological disorders in a population of 212 Moroccan women treated for breast cancer within the Mohammed VI Center for the Treatment of Cancers of Casablanca. A questionnaire was designed to this end on the basis of different validated scales, including the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Body Image Scale (BIS). Results: Data analysis has shown that 69.3% of participants had significant sleep disorders; 87% suffer from an anxiety-depressive syndrome (ADS), and 83.0% had significant body image dissatisfaction. A positive correlation was shown between ADS and both patients' national health insurance coverage and patients or husbands' education. Analysis further revealed that anxiety and depression were negatively correlated with different types of treatment. Similarly, both BIS and PSQI scores were positively associated with anxiety and depression disorders. Conclusion: The present investigation highlights the need to generalize and strengthen the psychological approach of patients treated for breast cancer in Morocco. We anticipate that such a strategy will alleviate suffering and promote therapy success in these patients and will diminish or prevent conjugal and familial impacts of the illness.
Now You See One Letter, Now You See Meaningless Symbols: Perceptual and Semantic Hypnotic Suggestions Reduce Stroop Errors Through Different Neurocognitive Mechanisms

Compelling literature has suggested the possibility of adopting hypnotic suggestions to override the Stroop interference effect. However, most of these studies mainly reported behavioral data and were conducted on highly hypnotizable individuals. Thus, the question of the neural locus of the effects and their generalizability remains open. In the present study, we used the Stroop task in a within-subject design to test the neurocognitive effects of two hypnotic suggestions: the perceptual request to focus only on the central letter of the words and the semantic request to observe meaningless symbols. Behavioral results indicated that the two types of suggestions did not alter response time (RT), but both favored more accurate performance compared to the control condition. Both types of suggestions increased sensory awareness and reduced discriminative visual attention, but the perceptual request selectively engaged more executive control of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and the semantic request selectively suppressed the temporal cortex activity devoted to graphemic analysis of the words. The present findings demonstrated that the perceptual and the semantic hypnotic suggestions reduced Stroop errors through common and specific top-down modulations of different neurocognitive processes but left the semantic activation unaltered. Finally, as we also recruited participants with a medium level of hypnotizability, the present data might be considered potentially representative of the majority of the population.
Lending Diversification and Interconnectedness of the Syndicated Loan Market

We investigate the effects of syndicated loan network centrality on bank performance. Syndicated loan network centrality measures the similarity and influence of the other banks within a given banks network. The network centrality constructed by syndicated loans can allow banks to gather and transfer valuable information and can thus facilitate profit-making acquisition in loan investment decisions. We use a planar maximally filtered graph to construct an interbank network using syndicated loan portfolios at the industry level. We show that the syndicated loan portfolios of high-centrality banks exhibit a higher level of portfolio diversification than those of low-centrality banks. We also document that our composite centrality measure of the bank network showed statistical significance in terms of bank performance even after controlling for the financial variables of market size, loan allocation, total asset, and loan diversification. Our findings suggest that the performance of a bank in a syndicated loan hierarchy is related to its position in this hierarchy.
Comparison of Volatiles in Cooked Rice with Various Amylose Contents

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was employed to analyze the volatiles in thirty-five samples of cooked rice (Oryza sativa L.) including the low-amylose rice cv. ‘Oborozuki’, normal-amylose rice, and glutinous rice. A distinct flavor is exhibited in cooked glutinous rice (containing no amylose) because of the high amount of unsaturated aldehydes; therefore, low-amylose rice might also have a glutinous-like flavor due to the decrease in amylose. Thus, volatile profiles were analyzed to determine the relationships with amylose content. The profiles of 42 volatiles in three types of cooked rice were compared. There were significant differences between glutinous and nonglutinous rice samples. Several volatiles detected at significant levels in the glutinous samples were characterized as glutinous-rich volatiles. These volatiles were predicted to be negatively correlated with amylose content. However, of the 22 glutinous-rich volatiles, only indole had significant negative relationship with amylose content. These results suggest that glutinous-rich volatiles are not affected by decreases in amylose content.
‘The ethics approval took 20 months on a trial which was meant to help terminally ill cancer patients. In the end we had to send the funding back’: a survey of views on human research ethics reviews

Background We conducted a survey to identify what types of health/medical research could be exempt from research ethics reviews in Australia. Methods We surveyed Australian health/medical researchers and Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) members. The survey asked whether respondents had previously changed or abandoned a project anticipating difficulties obtaining ethics approval, and presented eight research scenarios, asking whether these scenarios should or should not be exempt from ethics review, and to provide (optional) comments. Qualitative data were analysed thematically; quantitative data in R. Results We received 514 responses. Forty-three per cent of respondents to whom the question applied, reported changing projects in anticipation of obstacles from the ethics review process; 25% reported abandoning projects for this reason. Research scenarios asking professional staff to provide views in their area of expertise were most commonly exempted from ethics review (to prioritise systematic review topics 84%, on software strengths/weaknesses 85%); scenarios involving surplus samples (82%) and N-of-1 (single case) studies (76%) were most commonly required to undergo ethics review. HREC members were 26% more likely than researchers to require ethics review. Need for independent oversight, and low risk, were most frequently cited in support of decisions to require or exempt from ethics review, respectively. Conclusions Considerable differences exist between researchers and HREC members, about when to exempt from review the research that ultimately serves the interests of patients and the public. It is widely accepted that evaluative research should be used to reduce clinical uncertainties—the same principle should apply to ethics reviews.
Gut microbiota composition reflects disease severity and dysfunctional immune responses in patients with COVID-19

Objective Although COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory illness, there is mounting evidence suggesting that the GI tract is involved in this disease. We investigated whether the gut microbiome is linked to disease severity in patients with COVID-19, and whether perturbations in microbiome composition, if any, resolve with clearance of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Methods In this two-hospital cohort study, we obtained blood, stool and patient records from 100 patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Serial stool samples were collected from 27 of the 100 patients up to 30 days after clearance of SARS-CoV-2. Gut microbiome compositions were characterised by shotgun sequencing total DNA extracted from stools. Concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and blood markers were measured from plasma. Results Gut microbiome composition was significantly altered in patients with COVID-19 compared with non-COVID-19 individuals irrespective of whether patients had received medication (p<0.01). Several gut commensals with known immunomodulatory potential such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium rectale and bifidobacteria were underrepresented in patients and remained low in samples collected up to 30 days after disease resolution. Moreover, this perturbed composition exhibited stratification with disease severity concordant with elevated concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and blood markers such as C reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Conclusion Associations between gut microbiota composition, levels of cytokines and inflammatory markers in patients with COVID-19 suggest that the gut microbiome is involved in the magnitude of COVID-19 severity possibly via modulating host immune responses. Furthermore, the gut microbiota dysbiosis after disease resolution could contribute to persistent symptoms, highlighting a need to understand how gut microorganisms are involved in inflammation and COVID-19.
A Temperature- and Molar Mass-Dependent Change in the Crystallization Mechanism of Poly(1-butene): Transition from Chain-Folded to Chain-Extended Crystallization?

The crystallization behavior of poly(1-butene) (P1b) was investigated by polarized light microscopy (PLM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), dilatometry, and also by time- and temperature-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering experiments (SAXS). Observations in the PLM indicate a temperature-dependent change in the mechanism of crystallization. When crossing a certain critical crystallization temperature, the morphology changes from spherulites to quadratic, platelike single crystals. Investigations of samples with different molar mass show that the transition temperature is molar mass-dependent; on decreasing the molar mass the transition shifts to lower temperatures. As proved by WAXS, both the spherulites and the single crystals are of the metastable form II. The morphological change is also observed in AFM images obtained after a rapid cooling of the samples to room temperature; the difference in the morphological appearance is preserved through the transformation from.
World Database of Happiness, Correlational Findings, Introductory Text

STUDIES INCLUDED _________________________________________________________________________ 2/1 Concept of happiness 2/1.1 Definition of happiness 2/1.2 Components of happiness 2/1.3 Difference with related concepts 2/1.4 Variable aspects of happiness 2/1.5 Focus on present happiness 2/1.6 Why this specific concept 2/2 Acceptable measures of happiness 2/2.1 Validity of self-reported happiness 2/2.2 Acceptable measures 2/2.3 Rejected measures 2/3 Search for investigations on happiness 2/4 Summary _________________________________________________________________________ This text is also part of the introductions to the Bibliography and to the Collection of Happiness Measures.
Social Support and Gender Differences as Correlates of Self-Esteem: Implications for Improving Health among Patients Living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria

This study examined social support and gender differences as correlates of self-esteem: Implications for improving health among patients living with HIV/AIDS in Ondo State, Nigeria. Using accidental sampling technique, one hundred and ninety-eight patients were tested. The dimensions of social support were measured using scale of Perceived Social Support Assessment and self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. In order to determine the extent and direction of associations among the study variables, Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) analysis was conducted. Multiple Regression analysis was then used to test hypothesis 1, 2, and 3. The study revealed that social support had a significant positive relationship with self-esteem The result indicated that gender significantly predicted influence on self-esteem [β = . 23; t = . 27; p > 0.05]. The result also revealed that social support significantly predicted self-esteem [β = . 31; t = . 27; p > 0.05]. On the contribution of all the independent variables (gender differences and social support) to the prediction of self-esteem, the outcome of the summary in Table 4.2 signify that all the independent variables when pulled together yield a multiple R of . 21 and R2 of . 045 [ F (2, 198) = 18.19, p < 0.01]. Based on the result of the study, it was recommended that government organizations, non-governmental organization, religious organization and communities should all take part in giving the PLWH a holistic support and encouragement needed pending the time they spend in recovery until they begin full adult functional life.
Educational Mismatch and Earnings Inequality

We build a model to understand educational mismatch and earnings inequality among highly educated workers. Educational mismatch has a negative wage effect and a positive correlation with wage inequality, for occupations and college majors. To disentangle different reasons or channels that contribute to wage inequality, we identity the three underlying reasons behind the mismatch—preference, promotion, and search friction—and quantify their impacts. Quantitatively, the preference channel negatively contributes to an inequality increase from 1990 to 2000, and the match premium contributes to a 23.4% increase in inequality. The contributions of search friction and promotion are 5.2% and 2%, respectively. We conclude that educational mismatch affects earnings inequality significantly and that the impact varies based on the underlying reasons. The study has important policy implications in that it shows that wage inequality can be reduced by policies for improving the education match rate and educational signaling and lowering market friction.
The Phase Transition Pressures of Zincsulfoselenide Single Crystals

The static phase transition points of ZnSe and ZnSexS1-x(0.40 ≤ x ≤ 1) single crystals in the high pressure region are determined based on the transformation pressures of Bi I-II, Bi III-V, and ZnS using the cubic anvil method where the pressure-induced variation of resistance is measured. The transition pressures of the samples vary almost linearly with the composition of ZnS in ZnSexS1-x.