Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphology of Star-forming Clumps in Ram-pressure Stripped Galaxies as Seen by HST

We characterize the morphological properties of a statistically relevant sample of Hα and UV young star-forming clumps and optical complexes, observed with the Hubble Space Telescope in six galaxies of the GASP sample undergoing ram pressure stripping. The catalogs comprise 2406 (323 in the tails) Hα clumps, 3750 (899) UV clumps, and 424 tail optical complexes. About 15%–20% of the clumps and 50% of the complexes are resolved in size. We find that more than half of the complexes contain no Hα clumps, while most of them contain at least one UV clump. The clump number and size increase with the complex size, while the median complex filling factor is larger for UV clumps (0.27) than that for Hα clumps (0.10) and does not correlate with almost any morphological property. This suggests that the clumps' number and size grow with the complex keeping the filling factor constant. When studying the position of the clumps inside their complexes, Hα clumps, and UV clumps to a lesser extent, show a displacement from the complex center of 0.1–1 kpc, and in ∼60% of the cases, they are displaced away from the galactic disk. This is in accordance with the fireball configuration, already observed in the tails of stripped galaxies. Finally, the filling factor and the clump radius increase with the distance from the galactic disk, suggesting that the reciprocal displacement of the different stellar generations increases as a consequence of the velocity gradient caused by ram pressure.
SNOiC: Soft Labeling and Noisy Mixup based Open Intent Classification Model

This paper presents a Soft Labeling and Noisy Mixup-based open intent classification model (SNOiC). Most of the previous works have used threshold-based methods to identify open intents, which are prone to overfitting and may produce biased predictions. Additionally, the need for more available data for an open intent class presents another limitation for these existing models. SNOiC combines Soft Labeling and Noisy Mixup strategies to reduce the biasing and generate pseudo-data for open intent class. The experimental results on four benchmark datasets show that the SNOiC model achieves a minimum and maximum performance of 68.72\% and 94.71\%, respectively, in identifying open intents. Moreover, compared to state-of-the-art models, the SNOiC model improves the performance of identifying open intents by 0.93\% (minimum) and 12.76\% (maximum). The model's efficacy is further established by analyzing various parameters used in the proposed model. An ablation study is also conducted, which involves creating three model variants to validate the effectiveness of the SNOiC model.
RobustEdge: Low Power Adversarial Detection for Cloud-Edge Systems

In practical cloud-edge scenarios, where a resource constrained edge performs data acquisition and a cloud system (having sufficient resources) performs inference tasks with a deep neural network (DNN), adversarial robustness is critical for reliability and ubiquitous deployment. Adversarial detection is a prime adversarial defense technique used in prior literature. However, in prior detection works, the detector is attached to the classifier model and both detector and classifier work in tandem to perform adversarial detection that requires a high computational overhead which is not available at the lowpower edge. Therefore, prior works can only perform adversarial detection at the cloud and not at the edge. This means that in case of adversarial attacks, the unfavourable adversarial samples must be communicated to the cloud which leads to energy wastage at the edge device. Therefore, a low-power edge-friendly adversarial detection method is required to improve the energy efficiency of the edge and robustness of the cloud-based classifier. To this end, RobustEdge proposes Quantization-enabled Energy Separation (QES) training with “early detection and exit” to perform edge-based low cost adversarial detection. The QEStrained detector implemented at the edge blocks adversarial data transmission to the classifier model, thereby improving adversarial robustness and energy-efficiency of the Cloud-Edge system. Through extensive experiments on CIFAR10, CIFAR100 and TinyImagenet, we find that 16-bit and 12-bit quantized detectors achieve a high AUC score $>$ 0.9 while improving the energy-efficiency of the cloud-edge system by $>166\times$ compared to prior cloud-based adversarial detection approaches.
An Explicit Local Space-Time Adaptive Framework for Monodomain Models

We present a new explicit local space-time adaptive framework to decrease the time required for monodomain simulations for cardiac electrophysiology. Based on the localized structure of the steep activation wavefront in solutions to monodomain problems, the proposed framework adopts small time steps and a tree-based adaptive mesh refinement scheme only in the regions necessary to resolve these localized structures. The time step and mesh adaptation selection process is fully controlled by a combination of local error indicators. The main contributions of this work consist in the introduction of a primal symmetric interior penalty formulation of the monodomain model and an efficient algorithmic strategy to manage local time stepping for its temporal discretization. In a first serial implementation of this framework, we report decreases in wall-clock time between 2 and 20 times with respect to an optimized implementation of a commonly used numerical scheme, showing that this framework is a promising candidate to accelerate monodomain simulations of cardiac electrophysiology.
Solving Semi-Discrete Optimal Transport Problems: star shapedeness and Newton's method

In this work, we propose a novel implementation of Newton's method for solving semi-discrete optimal transport (OT) problems for cost functions which are a positive combination of $p$-norms, $1<p<\infty$. It is well understood that the solution of a semi-discrete OT problem is equivalent to finding a partition of a bounded region in Laguerre cells, and we prove that the Laguerre cells are star-shaped with respect to the target points. By exploiting the geometry of the Laguerre cells, we obtain an efficient and reliable implementation of Newton's method to find the sought network structure. We provide implementation details and extensive results in support of our technique in 2-d problems, as well as comparison with other approaches used in the literature.
The recognition of reactivation during continental deformation

Reactivation involves the accommodation of geologically separable displacement events (intervals >1 Ma) along pre-existing structures. The definition of a significant period of quiescence is central to this phenomenological definition and the duration of the interval chosen represents the resolution limit of reactivation criteria found in most ancient settings. In neotectonic environments, reactivation can be further defined as the accommodation of displacements along structures that formed prior to the onset of the current tectonic regime. This mechanistic definition cannot always be applied to ancient settings due to the uncertainties in constraining relative plate motion vectors. Four sets of criteria may be used to recognize reactivation in the geological record: stratigraphic, structural, geochronological and neotectonic. Some structural criteria may not be reliable if used in isolation to identify reactivated structures. Much of the previously published evidence cited to invoke structural inheritance is equivocal as it uses similarities in trend, dip or three-dimensional shape of structures. Numerous fault and shear zone processes can cause significant weakening both synchronously with deformation and in the long-term and may be invoked to explain reactivation. The collage of fault-bounded blocks forming most continents therefore carries a long-term architecture of inheritance which can explain much of the observed complexity of continental deformation zones.
Regional simulation of the low‐level monsoon winds over the Gulf of California and southwestern United States

Using a fine-scale (10–20 km) nested regional modeling system, synoptic variations in climatological summertime low-level wind fields over the Gulf of California and the southwestern United States are described. Under appropriate synoptic conditions, strong surge events can develop. These are characterized by low-level southerly flow over the entire Gulf of California with southerly winds extending into Arizona, California, and southern Nevada. Vertically, these southerly winds are present through the bottom 1–2 km of the atmosphere. Southerly flow is persistent throughout the day with some local diurnal cycling over the foothills of the Sierra Madre Occidental and northwestern Mexico. Under nonsurge conditions the simulated low-level winds have a significantly different geographic structure. Nighttime southerly flow is limited to the northeastern Gulf and small portions of southwestern Arizona. Flow over the central and southern Gulf is northerly with weak, variable winds over the foothills of the Sierra Madre Occidental. During the day, southerly winds are present over the central and northern Gulf of California, extending into southwestern Arizona; however, this southerly wind pattern does not support continuous flow from the mouth of the Gulf into northwestern Mexico. Instead, there is a westerly component associated with predominantly upslope flow over the foothills of the Sierra Madre Occidental and the Sonora Desert.
How Setting Goals Enhances Learners' Self-Efficacy Beliefs in Listening comprehension/Como El Diseno De Metas Promueve Las Creencias De Auto-Eficacia En la Comprension Auditiva

Este articulo expone un estudio que explora la relacion entre el diseno de metas (especificas, medibles, alcanzables, relevantes, con limite de tiempo: SMART goals) y las creencias de autoeficacia en comprension oral de estudiantes de ingles como lengua extranjera en Colombia. Los participantes fueron estudiantes de grado septimo y noveno de dos colegios en Bogota. Los resultados revelaron que la autoeficacia esta altamente relacionada con el diseno de metas, ya que los estudiantes fueron capaces de establecer metas SMART para mejorar su comprension auditiva. Tambien reportaron una mejora en sus creencias de autoeficacia al realizar actividades de escucha relacionadas con canciones y se sintieron tambien mas motivados. Ademas, este estudio muestra que la instruccion sobre diseno de metas pude ser incorporado exitosamente en clases de ingles como lengua extranjera.
"A Tale of Two Movements": Identifying and Comparing Perspectives in #BlackLivesMatter and #BlueLivesMatter Movements-related Tweets using Weakly Supervised Graph-based Structured Prediction

Social media has become a major driver of social change, by facilitating the formation of online social movements. Automatically understanding the perspectives driving the movement and the voices opposing it, is a challenging task as annotated data is difficult to obtain. We propose a weakly supervised graph-based approach that explicitly models perspectives in #BackLivesMatter-related tweets. Our proposed approach utilizes a social-linguistic representation of the data. We convert the text to a graph by breaking it into structured elements and connect it with the social network of authors, then structured prediction is done over the elements for identifying perspectives. Our approach uses a small seed set of labeled examples. We experiment with large language models for generating artificial training examples, compare them to manual annotation, and find that it achieves comparable performance. We perform quantitative and qualitative analyses using a human-annotated test set. Our model outperforms multitask baselines by a large margin, successfully characterizing the perspectives supporting and opposing #BLM.
Iodized Salt May Not Be Sufficient to Guarantee an Adequate Iodine Intake in Pregnant Women

Adequate iodine intake is of crucial importance in pregnancy to meet the thyroid hormone needs of both mother and fetus. In the present study, undertaken as a part of the surveillance actions following the introduction in Italy of a national salt iodination program in 2005, the iodine intake was investigated in 123 pregnant women and 49 control women living in the same area of central Italy. All the participants were screened for urinary iodine concentration (UIC), serum level of thyrotropin, free-thyroxine, free-triiodothyronine, and thyroid volume. Moreover, they were provided with a questionnaire on the use of iodine-containing salt or supplements. Control women had a median UIC of 102 µg/L, consistent with an iodine sufficiency, while in pregnant women the median UIC value was 108 µg/L, lower than the endorsed UIC of 150 µg/L. In addition, pregnant women showed a significantly increased median thyroid volume compared to controls. Interestingly, the median UIC did not differ between pregnant women not using iodine-containing salt or supplements and those regularly consuming iodized salt alone, while pregnant women with a daily intake of iodine-containing supplements had an adequate median UIC (168 µg/L). In conclusion, the data reported here showed that pregnant women and their fetuses are still exposed to the detrimental effects of iodine deficiency and that the consumption of iodine-containing supplements should be recommended in pregnancy.
Integration of Weather System Variability to Multidecadal Regional Climate Change: The West African Sudan–Sahel Zone, 1951–98

Abstract Since the late 1960s, the West African Sudan–Sahel zone (10°–18°N) has experienced persistent and often severe drought, which is among the most undisputed and largest regional climate changes in the last half-century. Previous documentation of the drought generally has used monthly, seasonal, and annual rainfall totals and departures, in a standard “climate” approach that overlooks the underlying weather system variability. Most Sudan–Sahel rainfall occurs during June–September and is delivered by westward-propagating, linear-type, mesoscale convective systems [disturbance lines (DLs)] that typically have much longer north–south (102–103 km) than east–west (10–102 km) dimensions. Here, a large set of daily rainfall data is analyzed to relate DL and regional climate variability on intraseasonal-to-multidecadal time scales for 1951–98. Rain gauge–based indices of DL frequency, size, and intensity are evaluated on a daily basis for four 440-km square “catchments” that extend across most of the West .
Temporal Variation and Respons of Mangrove Soil on Solar Illumination Changes

Research on soil temperature in mangrove forest is a part of the mangrove ecosystem microclimate research. Studies on microclimate variables interaction, including soil temperature is important and interesting because it is associated with ecosystem and environmental changes, and the biota living in it. This study developed a mathematical modeling of soil temperatures and solar illumination in mangrove forest and the surrounding environment. Mathematical modeling function was constructed using data measured on three transects which different in ecosystem condition. The results showed that the mathematical modeling parameters produced the parameters of solar illumination and soil temperatures that were difference for the three transects. Time lag of soil temperature on solar illumination was also diference in the three transects due to the difference of penetration of sun radiation and soil inundation by sea water. These parameters also showed the differences between the soil temperature in mangrove with the soil temperature in terrestrial forest as studied by the former researcher. Our research demonstrated the charachteristic of soil temperature in mangrove, that was not merely controlled by sun radiation, but also it was contribute by the sea water and other factors. [ How to Cite : Medellu C, Soemarno, Marsoedi and S Berhimpon. 2012. Temporal Variation and Respons of Mangrove Soil on Solar Illumination Changes. J Trop Soils 17 (2) : 67-74. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2012. 17.2. 165] [ Permalink/DOI: www.dx. doi.org/10.540/jts.2012. 17.2. 165 ]
Dissecting Overheads of Service Mesh Sidecars

Service meshes play a central role in the modern application ecosystem by providing an easy and flexible way to connect microservices of a distributed application. However, because of how they interpose on application traffic, they can substantially increase application latency and its resource consumption. We develop a tool called MeshInsight to help developers quantify the overhead of service meshes in deployment scenarios of interest and make informed trade-offs about their functionality vs. overhead. Using MeshInsight, we confirm that service meshes can have high overhead---up to 269% higher latency and up to 163% more virtual CPU cores for our benchmark applications---but the severity is intimately tied to how they are configured and the application workload. IPC (inter-process communication) and socket writes dominate when the service mesh operates as a TCP proxy, but protocol parsing dominates when it operates as an HTTP proxy. MeshInsight also enables us to study the end-to-end impact of optimizations to service meshes. We show that not all seemingly-promising optimizations lead to a notable overhead reduction in realistic settings.
in patients

: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a common procedure used to treat obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this retrospective cohort study, conducted at the Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology from January 2019 to December 2021, was to compare non-invasive follow-up testing in patients who underwent PCI with drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. The study included 210 patients who underwent PCI with DES implantation at AFIC during the specified period. Researchers extracted patient data, including demographic information, clinical characteristics, PCI procedural details, and baseline comorbidities, from electronic medical records. They also recorded additional data on the type of DES used, lesion characteristics, and stent dimensions. Of the 210 patients included in the study, the mean age was 62 years, with a range of 45 to 78 years. The data comprised 65% males and 35% females. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (80%), diabetes mellitus (60%), and dyslipidemia (45%). 30% of patients had a family history of coronary artery disease. During the follow-up period, restenosis was detected in 18% of patients, while stent thrombosis occurred in 7% of cases. The incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was 25%, with myocardial infarction accounting for 12%, target lesion revascularization for 10%, and cardiac mortality for 3% of MACE cases. Based on the results, the study highlights the importance of non-invasive follow-up testing in patients who have undergone PCI with DES implantation. These modalities provide diagnostic accuracy, prognostic value, and cost-effectiveness, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of their role in post-PCI care.
On the Measurement of Far Field Intensities Generated by Cables Shielded With Composites Showing Electromagnetic Losses

Electromagnetic compatibility is a significant problem for electronic system developers, especially cabling, which is often the weakest link of the assembly, therefore a bigger emphasis is put on its securing. Recently, a significant progress has been achieved in synthetic electromagnetically lossy materials. Therefore, new cable designs using these cable sheath materials can be soon expected both in applied research and in development. At the same time, reliable measurements of such shielding effectiveness are needed, especially in terms of the far field. While most publications about synthetic electromagnetic lossy materials deal with their measurement via coaxial transmission lines (the ASTM method), far-field measurements have not been sufficiently discussed. In this paper, several phenomena related to this topic are discussed, further, an experiment testing two different cable specimens is realized and the results are compared. The paper discusses fundamental issues of far EM field generated by power supply cables fed by radio frequency interferences.
An effective three-step algorithm for multi-site generation of stochastic weekly hydrological time series

Abstract A new method is presented to generate stationary multi-site hydrological time series. The proposed method can handle flexible time-step length, and it can be applied to both continuous and intermittent input series. The algorithm is a departure from standard decomposition models and the Box-Jenkins approach. It relies instead on the recent advances in statistical science that deal with generation of correlated random variables with arbitrary statistical distribution functions. The proposed method has been tested on 11 historic weekly input series, of which the first seven contain flow data and the last four have precipitation data. The article contains an extensive review of the results. Editor D. Koutsoyiannis Citation Ilich, N. , 2014. An effective three-step algorithm for multi-site generation of stochastic weekly hydrological time series. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59 (1), 85–98.
Scrubbing process and chemical equilibria controlling the composition of light hydrocarbons in natural gas discharges: An example from the geothermal fields of El Salvador

The compositional features of fluids from both fumarolic discharges and productive geothermal wells of Ahuachapan‐Chipilapa, Berlin‐Chinameca, and San Vicente geothermal systems (El Salvador) are described and discussed in order to investigate the complex geochemical interactions involving geothermal fluids within the shallowest part of the hydrothermal circulation pathways. Our results highlight that secondary processes are able to strongly affect and modify the chemical characteristics of geothermal gases once they discharge to the surface as natural manifestations, mainly in relation to the chemical‐physical properties of each gas species. The effects of both gas dissolution in shallow aquifers and gas‐water‐rock chemical interactions on gas discharge composition make it difficult to get a correct evaluation of the thermodynamic conditions that characterize the geothermal reservoirs by applying the common geoindicators based on the chemical equilibria of the H2O‐CO2‐H2‐CH4‐CO system. Differently, the composition of the C1‐C2‐C3 alkanes and the C3 and C4 alkane‐alkene pair, established within the geothermal reservoirs under the control of chemical reactions, remains stable in samples collected from discharging gas vents. These results suggest that the relative abundances of hydrocarbons characterized by similar structure and molecular size seem to be mainly regulated by the diffusion velocity of gases through the liquid‐dominated system. Therefore the chemical features of the light organic gas fraction of naturally discharging fluids can be successfully utilized for the evaluation of geothermal reservoir temperatures and redox conditions, providing useful indications in terms of geothermal exploration and exploitation. On this basis, the distribution, speciation, and relative abundances of light hydrocarbons can also be considered highly promising in geochemical monitoring of active volcanic systems.