Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stream biomonitoring at an agricultural test site using benthic algae

The percent cover and composition of benthic macroalgal growths and the structure of epilithic diatom communities were analyzed in 1995 at four sites in a stream flowing through a cultivated field near Kintore, Ontario, Canada. The dominant epilithic diatom taxa did not differ greatly among sites. However, a correspondence analysis of the diatoms sampled monthly between July and September separated an upstream site from those receiving agricultural runoff. Sites downstream of agricultural inputs showed an increase in the cover of Cladophora glomerata (L.) Kutz and other green algae, and in general a reduction in the cover of diatoms and crusts dominated by Oscillatoriaceae (aff. Oscillatoria sp.) and the red alga Audouinella violacea (Kutz.) Hamel. In particular, there was a positive correlation between the cover of Cladophora and nitrate concentration.Key words: biomonitoring, diatoms, periphyton, agriculture, correspondence analysis (CA).
UNIVERSIDAD Y EDUCACIÓN INCLUSIVA: RECOMENDACIONES DESDE LA VOZ DE ESTUDIANTES ESPAÑOLES CON DISCAPACIDAD

In this article, Spanish students with disabilities propose recommendations for the university to move towards inclusive education. The research methodology used was the biographical narrative. The instruments of data collection were four: self-reports, biographical interviews, photographs, and lifelines. Students indicate the need for accessibility of university environments, planned transition processes, job counseling services, positive attitude from faculty members, development of inclusive practices, use of technologies, and the need for faculty training on inclusion and disability. The conclusions of this article discuss the main results with previous work and propose proposals for higher education to be inclusive.
Kaolin particle films suppress many apple pests, disrupt natural enemies and promote woolly apple aphid

Multiple applications of hydrophobic kaolin particle film in apple orchards suppressed numbers of blossom weevil (Anthonomus pomorum), brown leaf weevil (Phyllobius oblongus), attelabid weevil (Caenorhinus pauxillus), leafhoppers (Empoasca vitis and Zygina flammigera) and green apple aphid (Aphis pomi) colonies. The kaolin treatments reduced the apple sawfly (Hoplocampa testudinea) fruit infestation on cultivar J. Grieve, and the fruit damage caused by oyster scale (Quadraspidiotus ostreaeformis), mussel scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi), early caterpillars, leaf rolling moths (Tortricidae), fruitlet‐mining tortrix moth (Pammene rhediella) and codling moth (Cydia pomonella). There was no effect on the number of colonies of rosy leaf curling aphid (Dysaphis devecta), nor on the fruit damage caused by common earwig (Forficula auricularia) and apple sawfly on cv. G. Delicious. The level of infestation of rosy apple aphid (Dysaphis plantaginea), leaf miner moths (Phyllonorycter blancardella, Lyonetia clerkella), and agromyzid flies (Phytomyza heringiana) increased in the kaolin‐treated plots. Kaolin treatments promoted woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum) infestation, which became severe, while it reduced the abundance of polyphagous predators like F. auricularia, predaceous Heteroptera and Coleoptera, the red velvet mite (Allothrombium fuliginosum), spiders (Araneae) and the abundance of common black ant (Lasius niger). The treatments also reduced parasitism of the apple sawfly by the ichneumonid Lathrolestes ensator. Many weeks after ending the kaolin treatments, the number of predaceous Coleoptera and especially the number of spiders remained low in the kaolin‐treated plots.
Habitat Characteristics of the Endangered Hoolock Gibbons of Bangladesh: The Role of Plant Species Richness

Hoolock gibbons (Hoolock hoolock) are endangered small apes occurring in Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, and south China. All known populations have undergone declines primarily due to habitat destruction or alteration. We examined the influence of area of natural forests, area of plantations, area of agricultural land and edible plant species richness on the hoolock gibbon numbers from 22 sites in Bangladesh using multiple regression analysis. Area of natural forests and plantations were not linked to hoolock gibbon numbers, whereas area of agricultural land and edible plant species richness were both significantly linked. Higher edible plant species richness was directly related to hoolock gibbon numbers, while the area of agricultural land was inversely related. This is the first quantitative study illustrating the importance of these two variables with hoolock gibbon numbers. We also analyzed the existing habitat characteristics in two of the largest hoolock gibbon populations in Bangladesh: Lawachara (42 individuals) and Kaptai (84 individuals). Trees in Lawachara were generally smaller compared to those in Kaptai. Artocarpus, Tectona, and Dipterocarpus were the three most important genera in both sites, although Artocarpus was more important in Lawachara. Each site also had an abundant variety of tree species utilized by hoolock gibbons for food. We discuss the current context of primate conservation in Bangladesh and suggest that the current conservation priority for gibbons in the country should be protection and improvement of habitat.
Fatty Acid Profile and Oil Yield in Six Different Varieties of Fresh and Dry Samples of Coconuts (Cocos nucifera)

The physical and chemical properties of the oil extracted from six (6) varieties of coconut fruits were determined. The oils were brownish, some yellowish when melted, and at times white when solidified. The oils had specific gravity ranging between 0.90 and 0.92. The yield of the oil (% contents) from the ether extract was also analyzed using soxhlet extraction technique. The results showed the oil contents of 88.54% in dry samples and 69.14% in fresh samples. Result of the findings showed a higher percentage of saturated fatty acid content across the entire samples (88.5±0.85% 97.0±0.37%) in the dry samples, than the unsaturated fatty acid constituents (8.4±0.45% 9.5±0.30%). The moisture content was higher in the fresh samples than the dry samples. These findings therefore suggest a high percentage oil yield in the dry samples. It is therefore advisable that the nuts be harvested dry if the oil is intended for commercial use.
INTERACTION OF MAGNETIC AND CELESTIAL CUES IN THE MIGRATORY ORIENTATION OFPASSERINES

Cage experiments with various species of migrating passerines indicate two distinct phases in migratory orientation in which magnetic and celestial cues interact in different ways. The first phase during the premigratory period involves the conversion of genetically coded information into an actual compass course. Celestial rotation and the geomagnetic field serve as external references. Celestial rotation alone, mediated by rotating stars at night or by the changing pattern of polarized light during the day, provides a reference direction away from its center, corresponding to geographic South. Population-specific deviations from this reference direction appear to be coded only with respect to the magnetic field. Both cue systems interact to produce the population-specific migratory course. In the role of providing the reference direction, celestial rotation dominates over the magnetic field during this first premigratory phase. Magnetic South, however, can also serve as reference direction when celestial cues are not available. The second phase involves orientation during migration, once the course is set and the birds have left their breeding area. Migrants en route have several options to locate this course, namely a star compass, sunset cues and the magnetic field, and they seem to make use of them all. During this phase, however, the magnetic compass dominates over celestial cues, as indicated by cue-conflict experiments. In case of conflict, the directional significance of stellar cues and sunset cues is adjusted to be in agreement with the ambient magnetic field. Migratory orientation is thus based on an integrated system of celestial and magnetic cues that reverse their dominant role between the premigratory phase and actual migration. The reasons may lie in the changes in the sky and in the magnetic field migrants experience when travelling from higher to lower latitudes towards their winter quarters.
Lymphotoxin-β receptor signaling complex: Role of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 recruitment in cell death and activation of nuclear factor κB

The binding of heterotrimeric lymphotoxin, LTα1β2, to the LTβ receptor (LTβR), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, induces nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation and cell death in HT29 adenocarcinoma cells. We now show that treatment with LTα1β2 or agonistic LTβR antibodies causes rapid recruitment of TNFR-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) to the LTβR cytoplasmic domain. Further, stable overexpression of a TRAF3 mutant that lacks the RING and zinc finger domains inhibits LTβR-mediated cell death. The inhibition is specific for LTβR cell death signaling, since NF-κB activation by LTα1β2 and Fas-mediated apoptosis are not inhibited in the same cells. The mutant and endogenous TRAF3s are both recruited at equimolar amounts to the LTβR, suggesting that the mutant disrupts the function of the signaling complex. These results implicate TRAF3 as a critical component of the LTβR death signaling complex and indicate that at least two independent signaling pathways are initiated by LTβR ligation.
Energetics and Energy Loss in 2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells

2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites (RPPs) are emerging as potential challengers to their 3D counterpart due to superior stability and competitive efficiency. However, the fundamental questions on energetics of the 2D RPPs are not well understood. Here, the energetics at (PEA)2(MA)n−1PbnI3n+1/[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) interfaces with varying n values of 1, 3, 5, 40, and ∞ are systematically investigated. It is found that n–n junctions form at the 2D RPP interfaces (n = 3, 5, and 40), instead of p–n junctions in the pure 2D and 3D scenarios (n = 1 and ∞). The potential gradient across phenethylammonium iodide ligands that significantly decreases surface work function, promotes separation of the photogenerated charge carriers with electron transferring from perovskite crystal to ligand at the interface, reducing charge recombination, which contributes to the smallest energy loss and the highest open‐circuit voltage (Voc) in the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on the 2D RPP (n = 5)/PCBM. The mechanism is further verified by inserting a thin 2D RPP capping layer between pure 3D perovskite and PCBM in PSCs, causing the Voc to evidently increase by 94 mV. Capacitance–voltage measurements with Mott–Schottky analysis demonstrate that such Voc improvement is attributed to the enhanced potential at the interface.
Development of generator set operation monitoring system for performance analysis and periodic maintenance based on IoT technology

Generator sets or Genset, widely used as primary or backup source electric power generators. When the generator set is used as the main power to support field operations, it must be ensured that the generator set is in good condition. If the generator set in trouble when it is already in the field, it certainly will hamper the work significantly. This research developed an online monitoring system of generators operation based on the ThingSpeak, an IoT technology platform. The system can record the historical data of generators operation parameters, starting from the measurement of fuel level, engine temperature, until total energy (kWh) generated. The measurement data are used to offline analysis the performance condition of the generator or to determine the length of time to the next periodic maintenance. The development results showed the system has worked well following the design. The measurement data has been sent to the ThingSpeak IoT platform as a data logger. The data stored in ThingSpeak are the time stamp when the data received. It can be used to determine the duration of operation, fuel consumption, average operating temperature, and total energy (kWh) produced. The test results show the difference in the quality of the radiator water gives a difference in temperature gradient up to 0,8°C/kW. While fuel consumption in no-load conditions, the difference in fuel consumption is up to 0,2ml/sec.
Population and Habitat Characteristics of Margined Sculpin, Cottus marginatus, in the Walla Walla Watershed (Oregon, Washington, U.S.A.)

Abstract We utilized summer salmonid electrofishing surveys and mitochondrial DNA analysis to study the margined sculpin (Cottus marginatus), a stream fish endemic to eastern Washington and Oregon. Our examination of margined sculpin in the Walla Walla River sub-basin yielded the first estimates of density, physical habitat characteristics and genetic diversify. Surveys of salmonids at 33 fish-bearing sites in the Walla Walla and Touchet rivers yielded 0.23 margined sculpin min-1, possibly representing 18.9% of all fishes. The final model from a stepwise multiple regression of potential independent physical habitat variables included only boulder density and stream temperature, which were both significantly correlated with increasing catch per unit effort (r2 = 0.41 and 0.20, respectively). A fish community examination via non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed consistent positive associations among catch per unit effort of margined sculpin, speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus) and steelhead trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss). Mitochondrial DNA sequences from 20 specimens showed low genetic diversity (&pgr; < 0.01, h = 0.84) and no significant population structure (&PHgr;ST = 0.08) at cytochrome b, but significant diversity among 26 specimens for the non-coding control region (&pgr; = 0.02, h = 0.99, &PHgr;ST = 0.15). Our results indicate that a single genetic lineage of margined sculpin within the Walla Walla River sub-basin was able to colonize a wide variety of microhabitats, yet inter- and possibly intraspecific interactions have allowed the accumulation of substantial genetic endemism.
Home Field Advantage? EU-ACP Economic Partnership Agreement Meeting Locations and Textual Tone

The European Union’s Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) with countries in the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) group are touted as a new age of equitable partnership between European countries and former colonies. However, many critics argue that the EPAs simply substitute a different form of political and economic domination. In this paper, we consider if the siting of meetings has a substantive impact on the language of media describing the EPAs and/or communiques and statements that arise from those discussions. Using data culled from the Global Database of Events, Language and Tone (GDELT) via Google’s BigQuery, we use a difference-in-difference like approach to evaluate if the tone and polarity of media reports about the EPAs during periods of ‘home’ meetings in the ACP countries differs from media reports during ‘away’ meetings in the EU. We supplement these findings with analysis of joint statements released from a subset of EPA meetings. In general, we find that ACP countries’ tone and interests are better represented in media reports during ‘home’ meetings, but this may not translate to any meaningful difference in actual meeting outcomes. As such, meeting siting may be only a limited tool for reducing political domination.
Artificial Autotetraploidy Induction Possibility of Two Iranian Endemic Mint ( Mentha mozaffarianii ) Ecotypes

The present study was conducted to polyploidy possibility induction of two Iranian endemic mint ( Mentha mozaffarianii ) ecotypes. For this purpose, three experiments were done. The first experiment was factorial, based on completely randomized design with three factors and three replications that rhizomes were used for treatment. The first factor including different colchicine concentrations (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2% that 0 as control). The second factor including two Mentha ecotypes (Ecotype A: Kamarej region and Ecotype B: Pirmohlat region) and the third factors consist of two soaking time (6 h and 12 h). In second experiment, apical meristem was treated. The factorial experiment based on randomized completely design with two factors and five replications. The factors including different colchicine concentrations (0, 0.035, 0.07, 0.15, 0.3 and 0.7%) and two ecotypes. In the third experiment, colchicine as combined with irrigation was applied. For this purpose, a factorial experiment in randomized complete design with two factors (colchicine concentrations: 0, 0.025, 0.012, 0.006% and two mint ecotypes) and three replications was conducted. At the end of all experiments, survival rate and tetraploidy percentage (by morphological change, stomata traits, flow cytometry and chromosome counts) were measured. The results showed that different treatment had significant effects on survival percent on all experiments and increasing of colchicine concentration caused decreasing plants survival. On the other hand, tetraploidy changes only in the first experiments were observed. Only in 0.025% colchicine treatment with 6 h soaking time on ecotype A, 12.66% tetraploidy was identified. Totally, it is seems that Mentha mozaffarianii hardly response to colchicine for tetraploidy induction.
Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.
Investigating the Perception of Senior Secondary School Students on the Role of Classroom Engagement in Mathematics Problem Solving

Introduction Mathematics is a fundamental tool used in human thoughts and logic. It is also an integral part of man’s attempts to understand and manipulate the world around him and its galaxies (National Curriculum Framework, NCF from now, 2005). Every society believes that mathematics is the backbone of science and technology. This is because of its indispensability to many fields of life (Kusure & Basira, 2012). It is also believed that mathematics contributes a lot to the important roles of man’s daily life in developing strategies to control his environment, therefore, it cannot be excluded from daily activities (Colgan, 2014; Mpofu & Mpofu, 2019; Tun, 2015). Studies conducted by Mpofu and Mpofu suggest that mathematics has provided the human race with an effective way of building mental discipline and use of logical reasonings and mental rigor to find solution to its problems (Mpofu & Mpofu, 2019). In addition to the view of Mpofu and Mpofu (2019) and the NCF (2005), mathematics knowledge plays an important and crucial role in helping man understand the content of other school subjects such as the sciences, the arts and the social sciences.
The Impact of Eight Hybrid Tomato Rootstocks on ‘BHN 589’ Scion Yield, Fruit Quality, and Plant Growth Traits in a Midwest High Tunnel Production System

Prior work in a Midwestern United States high tunnel indicated that hybrid and heirloom tomato scions grafted to hybrid rootstock ‘RST-04-106-T’ had a minimal yield increase in the absence of soilborne disease pressure, which underscored the need for continued regional trials of alternative, commercially available tomato rootstocks. Objectives of the present study were to assess yield, fruit quality [pH, soluble solids content (SSC), total titratable acids (TTA), and firmness], and plant growth traits (plant height, stem diameter, and biomass) of grafted tomato with eight different hybrid rootstocks. ‘BHN 589’, a determinate hybrid tomato, was grafted to ‘Arnold’, ‘Beaufort’, ‘DRO141TX’, ‘Estamino’, ‘Maxifort’, ‘RST-04-106-T’, and two trial rootstocks, ‘946 TRS’ and ‘980 TRS’. Research was conducted April to September in 2017 and 2018 in a 9.1-m wide × 29.2-m long × 3.7-m tall single-poly high tunnel located at the Iowa State University Horticulture Research Station, Ames, IA. There were five plants per treatment in a randomized complete block design with five replications. Weekly harvests took place 13 times each season. ‘BHN 589’ grafted to ‘Arnold’, ‘Beaufort’, ‘DRO141TX’, ‘Estamino’, or ‘Maxifort’ had 30% to 119% more marketable fruit and had a higher marketable fruit weight by 1.3 to 4.1 kg per plant compared with nongrafted plants. Fruit quality differences were minimal in 2017 and null in 2018, as indicated by fruit pH, SSC, TTA, and the SSC:TTA ratio. The same five high-yielding rootstock treatments were the tallest, ranging from 184 to 214 cm in height. In 2017, shoot biomass of ‘BHN 589’ grafted to ‘Arnold’, ‘Beaufort’, ‘DRO141TX’, ‘Estamino’, and ‘Maxifort’ was 59 to 100 g more than that of nongrafted plants; in 2018, ‘BHN 589’ grafted to ‘Maxifort’ and ‘DRO141TX’ had the largest shoot biomass at 386 and 315 g, respectively. Overall, the results of this study indicate that ‘Arnold’, ‘DRO141TX’, and ‘Estamino’ may be comparable in performance to the widely used rootstocks ‘Beaufort’ and ‘Maxifort’ when grown under conditions lacking biotic or abiotic stress. Our results provide promising new options for Midwestern U.S. growers of high tunnel tomato who are seeking high-performing rootstocks.
Flowering requirements in Bromus inermis, a short‐long‐day plant

Smooth bromegrass plants (Bromus inermis Leyss.) have a dual photoperiodic requirement for flowering. At temperatures ranging from 6 to 24°C, short days (SD) are necessary for primary induction while a transition to long days (LD) is required for initiation of flower primordia, culm elongation and flower development (secondary induction). Critical photoperiods for primary induction (50% flowering) were 13.5 h (15°C) and 12 h (24°C) in the American cv. Manchar and 14.5 and 13 h, respectively, in the Norwegian cv. Lofar. For the secondary induction the respective critical photoperiods were 14 and 15 h in ‘Manchar’ and 16 and 17.5 h in ‘Loar’, which also appeared to be better adapted to low temperatures. Low temperature vernalization in LD for up to 16 weeks at 3°C was unable to cause primary induction and temperatures below 12°C also strongly reduced the SD effect. At optimum temperature (15-2TC) 4 to 6 weeks of 8-10 h SD treatments were needed for optimal primary induction effect. A minimum of 8 LD cycles of 24 h were required for complete secondary induction in ‘Manchar’, while more than 16 cycles were needed in ‘Lofar’. Seedlings grown in SD developed a rosette type of growth with shoots growing in a decumbent position, while those in LD grew upright and formed elongated vegetative culms. Rate of leaf initiation was enhanced by about 60% by LD while tillering was promoted by SD.