Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMPARISONS OF NCAP CRASH TEST RESULTS WITH DRIVER INJURY RATES IN HIGHWAY CRASHES: FINAL REPORT

The distributions of injuries occurring to drivers of recent model year cars involved in highway crashes are compared with the injury rates predicted by NHTSA's New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) crash test results. Fatality rates, fatal and serious injury rates, and moderate through fatal injury rates are compared with five different crashworthiness indices derived from the crash test results. Comparisons are also made under varying crash conditions ranging from drivers wearing and not wearing safety belts in all types of crashes, to belted drivers only involved in moderate to high speed frontal impact crashes. In general, injury rates predicted by NCAP crash test results are found to bear little resemblance to those observed in real world highway crashes. Language: en
Building Design Capabilities: A Focus on Knowledge Systematisation within Firms

Scholarly efforts within the evolutionary theories of the firm are increasingly attempting to bridge the micro and macro perspectives of capabilities research to learn more about the growth of the firm. This paper tackles this challenge by proposing a focus on the mechanisms of knowledge systematisation within firms, that is, those mechanisms of knowledge abstraction and transmission through different levels of aggregation. Traditional approaches have focused on the how routines and capabilities can trigger further learning. In this paper it is argued that a focus on learning events as a way to capture emerging knowledge can provide a better understanding of firms' learning dynamics. By analysing in-depth interview data regarding design-intensive home furnishing sectors in Italy, we focus on identifying those events that trigger relevant learning experiences. By 'relevant' we refer here to those events that express a coherent sequence of activities enabling the articulation of new product development-related knowledge. The findings yield an understanding of how a knowledge-intensive activity like design that cuts across a firm's organisational structure fosters the emergence of capabilities, which originate from one-off solutions for a particular problem and can be further replicated to solve other types of problems.
Are registered nurses ready to take care at the end-of-life: crossectional survey

Background: End-of-life care is provided in a variety of healthcare settings, not just palliative care hospitals. This is one reason it is very important to assess all the obstacles to end-of-life care and to provide safe and quality services to patients. The main purpose of this study was to examine attitudes faced by registered nurses in providing end-of-life care and to explore obstacles and supportive behaviors for nurses. Methods: A descriptive, correlational design was applied in this study. Cross‐sectional survey of 1320 registered nurses within 7 hospitals in Lithuania. Results: Registered nurses working in the three different profiles emphasized safe and effective care andthe importance of meeting the patient's spiritual needs at the end of life. The main obstacles assigned by nurses caring for patients at the end of life were angry family membersthe inadequate understanding of nursing care by the patient's relatives; family members' inadequate knowledge about the situation and lack of time to talk to patients about their wishes, lack of nursing knowledge to deal with the bereaved patient's family, lack of evaluation of nurses' opinions, and the evasion by physicians to talk about the diagnosis and their over-optimistic view of the situation. Conclusions: Spiritual needs were identified by nurses as the primary needs of patients at the end of life. Family-related obstacles remain one of the main obstacles to end-of-life care. Also, the behavior of physicians and their relationship with nurses remains one of the most sensitive issues in end-of-life care.
Challenges of Strategic Issue Management Practices by Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Mombasa County, Kenya

Ansoff and McDonnell (1990) define Strategic Issues as forthcoming developments, either inside or outside of the organization that are likely to have an important impact on the ability of the enterprise to meet its objectives. Despite of their fundamental socio-economic role in Kenya, most savings and credit cooperative societies (Saccos), also hereby referred to as cooperatives, are faced with a number of challenges, such as: traditional products, leadership and governance issues, capital base requirement, taxation, Information and Communications Technology, regulation and supervision, developing competitive business models, demand for loans, non-remittance of fees by members, forgery, HIV/AIDS and outreach issues. Thus the central challenge for Saccos is to find constructive ways to build and retain competitive advantages in the market place. In a bid to enhance cooperatives’ performance, this study was destined to identify some challenges facing strategic issue management practices by cooperatives in Mombasa County. The findings revealed that cooperatives experience a myriad of challenges hence need to practice Strategic Issue Management.
Activity Pattern of Brocket Deer (Genus Mazama) in the Atlantic Forest: Does Sampling Design Affect the Patterns?

This study aimed to describe the activity pattern of Mazama spp. in an Atlantic Forest remnant in southeastern Brazil, and to test whether the sampling design can affect the recorded patterns. Data from 4 sampling periods were analyzed (June 2005 to February 2010), using different sampling designs, and these included camera trapping installed along internal unpaved roads or in the forest interior. The records of Mazama spp. were collected throughout the day, with no periods of inactivity, similarly to the results from other regions in South America, but differently from a previous study developed in the same sampled area. There was variation in the distribution of records throughout the day when the sampling periods/designs were compared, but the activity patterns were not statistically different when compared the 2 types of habitat sampled (internal roads and forest interior). Sampling design affect the activity pattern recorded for Mazama spp. , which may be related to behavioral differences in response to spatial variations in habitat on a local/regional scale. We recommended the combined use of different sampling designs to better describe the activity pattern of species in camera trap studies, reinforcing that the risk of sample bias should be weighed during the study design.
Intergenerational Educational Mobility and Life Course Economic Trajectories in a Social Democratic Welfare State

We test a prediction of cumulative advantage theory about enduring life cycle effects of educational mobility on earnings. We identify four mobility groups, by cross classifying parental education (degree/no degree) by that of their offspring (degree/no degree), and study the long-term economic consequences of intergenerational educational mobility. Data for this study come from Swedish population registers, covering birth cohorts between 1953 and 1955. We analyze earnings trajectories of Swedish men and women, in each educational mobility category, over most of their working age life course. We find that that the earnings trajectories cluster in two groups that reflect the educational destination. These results suggest that mobility trajectories in the Swedish labor market does not follow any strong pattern of cumulative advantage, but instead are explained by attainment of human capital. By contrast, complementary analyses of mid-life wealth, not necessarily derived in the labor market, suggest more support for cumulative advantage since those with high-educated parents have much higher levels of wealth. We argue that these contrasting results, between earnings and wealth, serve to highlight the effectiveness of the Swedish welfare regime, particularly in regulating and suppressing inequality in the labor market.
Impact of Truck-Auto Separation on Crash Severity

Truck traffic has significant impact on traffic operations and safety. Especially, safety concerns due to truck traffic continue to draw increasing attention of transportation engineers and policy makers who are proposing a number of practical strategies such as lane restrictions and exclusive facilities. The key aspect of all these strategies lies in separating trucks from cars to create more homogeneous traffic conditions. Earlier research demonstrated merits of these strategies whereas very limited findings on their safety impacts have been reported so far. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of truck-auto separation on highway crash severity. Specifically, the safety impact of separation through dual-dual roadways, a system that simultaneously provide separated car-only lanes and mixed traffic flow lanes, is of great interest since this kind of system was barely studied in the past. In order to achieve this goal, a detailed crash data set from a major highway section with dual-dual roadways for several years was examined. Comparative analyses were conducted and a statistical model have been developed. The results of this study show that the deployment of the dual-dual roadways with car-only lanes has statistically significant impact on crash severity. The model results show higher risk of having injury crashes in dual- dual lanes (both inner and outer lanes) compared with regular mix traffic lanes. This finding suggests that other than considering crash frequency as a measure of safety, crash severity should also be considered to fully assess the performance of the truck-auto separation strategies similar to the one studied in this paper. However, other than the impact of the truck-auto separation, these findings can be (partially) changed due to other factors that are not accounted for by the model, such as the actual operational speed when crash occurred, trucks being loaded or empty, etc. In short, due to the unavailability of detailed data, current results need to be considered with great care and should be considered preliminary at best. More research with better and more detailed data is needed to be able to make any final conclusion and recommendation.
Gypsum plasterboard walls: inspection, pathological characterization and statistical survey using an expert system

This paper presents an expert system to support the inspection and diagnosis of partition walls or wall coverings mounted using the Drywall (DW) construction method. This system includes a classification of anomalies in DW and their probable causes. This inspection system was used in a field work that included the observation of 121 DWs. This paper includes a statistical analysis of the anomalies observed during these inspections and their probable causes. The correlation between anomalies and causes in the sample is also thoroughly analyzed. Anomalies are also evaluated for area affected, size, repair urgency and aesthetic value of the affected area. The conclusions of the statistical analysis allowed the creation of an inventory of preventive measures to be implemented in the design, execution and use phases in order to lessen the magnitude or eradicate the occurrence of anomalies in DW. These measures could directly help improve the quality of construction.
Fighting computer crime

From the Publisher: A top computer crime expert explains why current computer security methods fall dangerously short of the mark and what we can do to fix them. Based on his 30 years as a cybercrime fighter, during which he interviewed more than 200 perpetrators and their victims, Donn B. Parker provides valuable technical insight about the means cybercriminals employ, as well as penetrating psychological insights into their criminal behavior and motivations.
The Pattern of Common Cholesterol Fractions in Stroke Patients

Aims/Purpose: The aim of this study was therefore to document the frequency and pattern of serum cholesterol in stroke patients admitted in a tertiary hospital in Enugu. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out at Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Enugu. Serum cholesterol levels were classified based on the current international cut off points for people with cardiovascular disease. Statistical analysis of data was carried out using SPSS version 22. Results: Data from a total of 180 subjects were collected and analyzed. The mean (sd) of serum cholesterol fractions and their distributions are: Low density lipoprotein 2.4± 1.18 mmol/l, High density lipoprotein, 1.17± 0.62 mmol/l, Total Cholesterol, 4.43± 1.34 mmol/l, and triglycerides 1.21±0.77 mmol/L. HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in patients 50 years and older. P=0.02. A total of 12 (6.7%) of the patients had high levels of LDL, 92(51.1%) had poor levels of HDL. Between stroke types, 10(7.2%) of patients with ischemic stroke had high serum LDL compared to 2(4.8%) with hemorrhagic stroke p= 0.32. Among those with hemorrhagic stroke, 22(52.4%) had poor levels of HDL compared to 70(50.7%) of those with ischemic stroke p= 0.17. Total cholesterol and triglycerides were also found in a higher proportion of those with ischemic stroke than hemorrhagic although these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: There mean level of serum LDL, HDL and TC are higher in stroke patients than recommended values. Current recommended universal use of statins after stroke should be encouraged in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
A statistical estimation of Navy enlistment supply models using zip code level data

Abstract : The Department of Defense has relied greatly upon active duty members assigned to recruiter positions to achieve enlistment goals. The Commander, Navy Recruiting Command (CNRC) is tasked with ensuring that Navy recruitment goals are attained in order to maintain the supply of personnel to support prescribed force size. This thesis will examine the Navy Recruiting Stations and their respective production of new contracts using zip code level data from the Standardized Territory Analysis Management (STEAM) database. The effect of individual level station attributes will be predicted using regression with new contract production as a function of recruiting station population statistics drawn from the STEAM database. A secondary purpose of this thesis is to determine if the interaction of the target recruiting population, the number of recruiters assigned to a market, and the presence of other armed forces recruiting stations in the same location have an effect on recruiting production. Both models showed that recruiter presence was the most important factor in attaining new contracts. Also, Navy contracts were positively related to other armed services recruiting production. This suggests complementarity. The county unemployment rate was positively related to Navy recruiting production, as were all race/ethnicity coefficients.
Business models: Tooling and a research agenda

During the Bled conferences, Business Models have attracted a lot of attention. The discussion has moved from understanding the core concepts towards designing and implementing business models. Business models have become a common topic, with concepts and approaches becoming main stream, and connected to more generic research approaches and design perspectives, and business model tooling is becoming more important. In this paper, we provide examples of tooling with regard to Business Model road-mapping, Business Model stress-testing, Business models and Agile software development, and Business models and financial tooling. We also illustrate future research by combining Business Model analysis with Enterprise Architecture. The aim of this paper is to show how business model research is
Revised estimates of the U.S. drowsy driver crash problem size based on general estimates system case reviews

A revised estimate of the incidence of crashes involving driver drowsiness/fatigue is provided based on analysis of General Estimates System (GES) data and a review of 562 GES cases from 1993. Cases selected for review had coded characteristics suggesting a "Drift-Out-of-Lane" scenario but were not cited as drowsiness-related in GES. The case review identified some "definite," "probable," and "possible," drowsy driver crashes not captured by the normal GES data coding process. It indicated that drowsiness/fatigue is a discernible causal factor in 1.2 to 1.6% of Police Accident Reports, as compared to the baseline GES estimate of 0.9%.
Tank Crew Stability and Tank Gunnery Performance

Abstract : Although fairly comprehensive data on the degree of crew turbulence was provided by Larson et al., the data was collected several years ago and may not represent today's armor forces. And the effects of crew turbulence were not fully explored. Concern over the magnitude and effects of crew turbulence on tank gunnery training were expressed to ARI by numerous individuals in 1977, and research involving experimental manipulation of several degrees of turbulence was planned. In the interim this correlational research was designed and conducted in conjunction with tank crew assignment research ongoing with five armor battalions in USAREUR.
Progress in the development of a versatile pilot model for the evaluation of rotorcraft performance, control strategy and pilot workload

Abstract The evaluation of rotorcraft performance and handling qualities in piloted flight using a desk-top simulation is a desirable facility. The development of the SYCOS pilot model has brought this capability closer by simulating piloted flight along prescribed trajectories such as the Mission Task Elements of ADS-33. This development has overcome some of the limitations of the precise control of inverse simulation, by adopting a structure which includes a corrective component that adjusts the control strategy to counteract departures from the desired flight path. The development and implementation of SYCOS for a range of rotorcraft types and applications is shown to be well defined and straightforward. The capability and reliability of SYCOS is demonstrated through a number of recent applications in performance, control strategy and pilot workload studies. Some of the applications benefit from enhancements to the basic structure and these are described in context. The accumulation of experience with the SYCOS pilot indicates that it is a significant advance as a predictor of human control activity during helicopter manoeuvring flight.
Effects of computer self-efficacy and spatial visualization ability on student perceptions of 2D/3D CAD virtual prototype simulations for apparel design

The ability to visualize three-dimensional (3D) forms from two-dimensional (2D) shapes is critical to apparel designers. While most designers still use traditional techniques to analyze a 3D sample, advances in CAD for apparel design include use of 3D virtual prototypes assembled from 2D pattern data. Textiles and clothing research has examined both 2D CAD and student spatial visualization ability, but no studies compare spatial visualization ability with 3D virtual prototype use in the classroom. Other fields of research have found that a person’s computer selfefficacy (CSE) can influence acceptance of a new technology and that spatial visualization ability can determine effectiveness of 3D simulations. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of CSE and spatial visualization ability on student perceptions of 3D virtual prototyping software. An online test instrument measured: CSE, general spatial ability and apparel spatial visualization ability with tutorial was developed to introduce participants to 3D virtual prototyping software. Some volunteers also participated in a hands-on session for actual use of the software. Technology acceptance was measured after the tutorial and again after the hands-on session. Individuals with high CSE found the software easier to use than individuals with low CSE. Individuals with high apparel spatial visualization ability found the software easier to use than those with lower apparel spatial visualization ability. Other findings and discussion provide information that could help both educators and industry plan for the effective use of 3D virtual prototypes.
Statistical analysis of gender pay gap in modern-day Russia

Purpose of the study. The study of gender disparity remains relevant for all countries, including the Russian Federation. The study of disparity in quantitative terms: the income distribution, in which the main source – wages, is of particular importance. In the analysis of the gender pay gap, the main factors are such characteristics as the level of education, work status, district, age and the period of the employee’s service. The purpose of this article is a statistical assessment of gender differentiation of wages in Russia based on empirical data and aggregated data from the Federal State Statistics Service. Particular attention is paid to the econometric approach to gender differences in wages. Materials and methods. As the main sources of information were data from the Federal State Statistics Service. In addition as the empirical base of the study, the data from the 27th wave of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) – Higher School of Economics were used. The study is based on a modified Mincer`s type equation. Models of the logarithm of wages for all employees, as well as separately for men and women, were developed. To clarify the range of factors, affecting wage differences, models were developed with either the age of the employees or the period of their service. In addition, the factor “socio-professional group” was included, due to the presence of marked gender differentiation among occupational groups. On the base of the constructed models, the gender difference in wages was decomposed. Results. The results allowed quantifying the impact of gender on wages, as well as assessing the impact of various factors separately for male and female. It was found a stronger influence of education on the women wages, which indicates, on the one hand, the intellectual advantages of women, and on the other hand, indicates the difficulty of obtaining decent earnings for women with low education. The factor of residence is more affected for men. Decomposition of gender difference in wages allowed us to establish the continued existence of gender inequality in the Russian Federation, ceteris paribus. Conclusion. The study of gender wage differentiation remains an important element in the analysis of both wage differentiation in general and gender disparity. The results of the analysis confirmed the persistence of gender differentiation wages in Russia at present. In the future, it is necessary to expand the analysis of gender differentiation of wages with the following characteristics: additional education, health, marital status, differences in the education of husband and wife, and the presence of preschool children.