Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of External Loads and Muscle Forces on the Knee Joint Ligaments during Walking: A Musculoskeletal Model Study

A musculoskeletal model was developed to analyze the tensions of the knee joint ligaments during walking and to understand how they change with changes in the muscle forces. The model included the femur, tibia, patella and all components of cruciate and collateral ligaments, quadriceps, hamstrings and gastrocnemius muscles. Inputs to the model were the muscle forces, estimated by a static optimization approach, the external loads (ground reaction forces and moments) and the knee flexion/extension movement corresponding to natural walking. The remaining rotational and translational movements were obtained as a result of the dynamic equilibrium of forces. The validation of the model was done by comparing our results with literature data. Several simulations were carried out by sequentially removing the forces of the different muscle groups. Deactivation of the quadriceps produced a decrease of tension in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and an increase in the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). By removing the hamstrings, the tension of ACL increased at the late swing phase, while the PCL force dropped to zero. Specific effects were observed also at the medial and lateral collateral ligaments. The removal of gastrocnemius muscles produced an increase of tension only on PCL and lateral collateral ligaments. These results demonstrate how musculoskeletal models can contribute to knowledge about complex biomechanical systems as the knee joint.
Flipped Classroom Learning Based on Android Smart Apps Creator (SAC) in Elementary Schools

The thematic interactive learning model of flipped classroom based on smart apps creator is useful for improving the quality of learning. The use of the flipped classroom model based on Andoid Smart Apps Creator (SAC) in learning can increase student motivation creativity, activity, and learning outcomes. Problem formulation How the design and the implement of SAC-based flipped classroom learning model in elementary schools. Is the research objective is to analyze the design and implementation of Android-based flipped classroom learning in elementary schools. This research uses literature study method, field survey, and descriptive analysis. The results of the literature study and field survey state that teachers in Kudus have used the flipped classroom model but have not used the smart apps creator. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a flipped classroom model using Android based using SAC software to improve the quality of learning in elementary schools.
Providing Domain Specific Model via Universal No Data Exchange Domain Adaptation

High quality Data and its derivative machine learning (ML) models are gradually becoming commercial commodity and provided to work effectively in an increasing number of areas. These ML model providers possess a set of trained models along with immense amount of source data stored on their servers. In order to obtain specific models, providers will require consumers to upload their domain-specialized data and conduct domain adaptation at the server side. However, considering the protection of the private information reflected by consumers’ training data, as well as maintaining the commercial competitiveness of ML service, it is best that there is no data exchange between servers and consumers. Besides, consumers’ data is always lack of supervision, i.e., classification labels, thus we are searching for how to conduct unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) with no data exchange among domains in this work. We are the first to propose a novel memory cache based adversarial training (AT) strategy for UDA at the target side without the source data (the existence of source data is an essential requirement for regular AT). And our method includes a multiple pseudo labelling operation which is more accurate and robust than single pseudo labelling. The AT and multiple labelling work collaboratively to extract shared features among domains and adapt the learning model more specific to target domain. We carry out extensive evaluation experiments with a number of data sets and baselines, and according to the results, our proposed method can perform very well and exceed the state-of-art performance on all tasks. In the end, we also discuss how to extend our method to partial and open-set domain adaptation.
Costly Arbitrage and Skewness Pricing: Evidence from First-day Price Limit Reform in China

We examine the impact of a reform of China's stock market that limits first-day price movements on skewness pricing. We document that the reform causes a significant increase in the impact of IPOs' expected skewness on both their initial returns and trading interference effect, especially for IPO firms that are sensitive to the limitations imposed by price limits. There is also some evidence that the skewness pricing effect persists much longer along the idiosyncratic dimension than along the market-wide dimension. The results are consistent with the notion that price limits favor delayed arbitrage, thereby positively affecting skewness pricing.
Assessment of mating competitiveness of sterile Ceratitis capitata in laboratory and field cage tests in northern Iran

In recent years, damage by Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on commercial fruit crops has reached a critical point in Iran. The sterile insect technique is considered the most effective strategy for the area‐wide suppression or eradication of tephritid fruit flies, particularly the medfly. In this study, an area of citrus trees, including 39 field cages in Sari‐Mazandaran province, was used for an experiment to test various irradiation doses and overflowing ratios on male competitiveness‐induced sterility. Treatments 1 and 2 consisted of non‐irradiated females (NF), non‐irradiated males (NM), and irradiated males (IM) which emerged from pupae irradiated with 80 or 100 Gy. The IM:NM:NF ratios per field cage were varied as follows: 0:1:1, 1:0:1, 1:1:1, 3:1:1, 5:1:1, 10:1:1, and 15:1:1. We found that the mating rate of NF copulating with IM was significantly lower than that of NF mated with NM. The numbers of eggs and the percentages of egg hatching were significantly lower in IM × NF than in NM × NF crosses, and no eggs hatched in the 80–130 Gy dose range. The results of Fried's CV (male mating competitiveness value based on egg hatch) ranged from 0.41 to 0.78 at a dose of 80 Gy and from 0.35 to 0.63 at 100 Gy for various mating rates. It can be concluded that IM was fully competitive with NM at the dose range of 80–100 Gy of gamma radiation.
Bioprospecting of Beneficial Bacteria Traits Associated With Tomato Root in Greenhouse Environment Reveals That Sampling Sites Impact More Than the Root Compartment

Tomato is subject to several diseases that affect both field- and greenhouse-grown crops. To select cost-effective potential biocontrol agents, we used laboratory throughput screening to identify bacterial strains with versatile characteristics suitable for multipurpose uses. The natural diversity of tomato root–associated bacterial communities was bioprospected under a real-world environment represented by an intensive tomato cultivation area characterized by extraseasonal productions in the greenhouse. Approximately 400 tomato root–associated bacterial isolates, in majority Gram-negative bacteria, were isolated from three compartments: the soil close to the root surface (rhizosphere, R), the root surface (rhizoplane, RP), and the root interior (endorhizosphere, E). A total of 33% of the isolates produced siderophores and were able to solubilize phosphates and grow on NA with 8% NaCl. A total of 30% of the root-associated bacteria showed antagonistic activity against all the tomato pathogens tested, i.e., Clavibacter michiganesis pv. michiganensis, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Pseudomonas corrugata and Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. We found that the sampling site rather than the root compartment of isolation influenced bacterial composition in terms of analyzed phenotype. This was demonstrated through a diversity analysis including general characteristics and PGPR traits, as well as biocontrol activity in vitro. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) sequencing of 77 culturable endophytic bacteria that shared multiple beneficial activity revealed a predominance of bacteria in Bacillales, Enterobacteriales, and Pseudomonadales. Their in vitro antagonistic activity showed that Bacillus species were significantly more active than the isolates in the other taxonomic group. In planta activity against phytopathogenic bacteria of a subset of Bacillus and Pseudomonas isolates was also assessed.
Direct Z-scheme GdFeO3/g-C3N4 heterostructures with outstanding photocatalytic activity

The direct Z-scheme GdFeO3/g-C3N4 photocatalysts used without any mediators were obtained using an ultrasonic synthesis approach. The composites’ structures, elemental composition and morphologies, as well as optical, electrochemical and catalytic properties, were thoroughly analyzed. GdFeO3/g-C3N4-3:7 composite exhibited an excellent enhanced light-harvesting ability and low recombination rate, which manifested into an outstanding visible-light driven activity, 7.7 and 2.3 times more than of stand-alone g-C3N4 and GdFeO3, respectively. A mechanism responsible for the photocatalytic property enhancement was proposed. The stability and reusability of the GdFeO3/g-C3N4 composites make them excellent materials for practical applications related to the removal of organic pollutants from the wastewater.
Combining Adapted Physical Education with Individualized Education Programs: Building Korean Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Efficacy for Inclusive Physical Education

This study investigated the effect of combining adapted physical education courses with individualized education program training on pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy towards inclusive physical education. Multilevel modeling of a survey completed by two hundred and twenty-seven students enrolled in physical education teacher education programs in Korea was analyzed using a quadratic growth curve model. The results revealed that a combined course did indeed have a significant effect on the pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy towards inclusive physical education compared with groups provided with either just an adapted physical education course or no course. The students receiving the combined course also exhibited a sustainable positive growth rate and an accelerated rate of improvement in their level of self-efficacy towards inclusive physical education. These findings clearly demonstrate that combining adapted physical education courses with individualized education program training can deliver a sustainable educational impact on Korean pre-service physical education teachers’ self-efficacy towards inclusive physical education.
Predicting Capacity Fade in Silicon Anode-Based Li-Ion Batteries

While silicon anodes hold promise for use in lithium-ion batteries owing to their very high theoretical storage capacity and relatively low discharge potential, they possess a major problem related to their large volume expansion that occurs with battery aging. The resulting stress and strain can lead to mechanical separation of the anode from the current collector and an unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), resulting in capacity fade. Since capacity loss is in part dependent on the cell materials, two different electrodes, Lithium Nickel Oxide or LiNi0.8Co0. 15Al0.05O2 (NCA) and LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC 111), were used in combination with silicon to study capacity fade effects using simulations in COMSOL version 5.5. The results of these studies provide insight into the effects of anode particle size and electrolyte volume fraction on the behavior of silicon anode-based batteries with different positive electrodes. It was observed that the performance of a porous matrix of solid active particles of silicon anode could be improved when the active particles were 150 nm or smaller. The range of optimized values of volume fraction of the electrolyte in the silicon anode were determined to be between 0.55 and 0.40. The silicon anode behaved differently in terms of cell time with NCA and NMC. However, NMC111 gave a high relative capacity in comparison to NCA and proved to be a better working electrode for the proposed silicon anode structure.
Removal of basic violet 16 dye from aqueous solutions by using chitosan extracted from shrimp shells

Background & Objective: Textile effluents contain significant amounts of toxic and organic pollutants. Due to health risks such as carcinogenic and mutagenic effects, discharge of this kind wastewater to water resources can lead to health impacts. The aim of this study was to survey the efficiency of Chitosan derivative in removal of basic dyes violet16 from aqueous solutions. Materials & Methods: In this study the influence of different parameters including contact time, initial dye concentration, adsorbent concentration, and PH, was studied. Residual of dye concentration was measured using a spectrophotometer set in 545 nm wavelength. Adsorption data was described by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and kinetic reactions. Results: The results showed that increasing contact time and adsorbent dose enhances dye removal rates for this adsorbent. By decreasing initial concentration of dye, removal rates increased. In optimal conditions, Chitosan derivatives were able to remove dye 68 percent respectively. For this adsorbents optimum pH was obtained 10. According to the results, adsorption process for both adsorbents was determined by Freundlich isotherm by R 2 >0.98. Dye absorption kinetic of both adsorbents followed pseudo second degree by R 2 >0.98.
Analysis of the effectiveness of students’ worksheets assisted by Google Form in junior high school in Langsa Kota as an alternative of independent learning during Covid-19 pandemic

The aims of this study are to analyze the effectiveness of students’ worksheets assisted with Google Form during the Covid-19 pandemic, to find out whether this worksheets would improve students’ interest and independence of learning, and to reveal the percentage of teachers’ interest to use this worksheets. The sample of the research was the whole junior high school mathematics teacher in Langsa Kota and the object of the research is the effectiveness of the worksheets which use Google Form. The data were collected by the instrument of questionnaire and observation. The students’ independence of learning were categorized into medium with the responses of 93% and teacher interest to use the worksheets is categorized high (more than 50% per category). It can be concluded that the use of the Google Form worksheets could improve students’ learning independence, stimulates students’ learning interest, and increase teacher interest to be able to use the worksheets with Google Form in their classroom.
Multimode silicon photonic devices

Multimode silicon photonics have drawn tremendous attention because the introduction of higher-order modes greatly enhances the capacity of mode-division-multiplexing (MDM) data transmission systems as well as improves the flexibility of on-chip photonic device designs. As the cornerstone of multimode silicon photonics, plentiful multimodemanipulation photonic devices have been developed successfully. On the other hand, more and more emerging applications have been stimulated by higher-order modes introduced in multimode silicon photonics. This paper gives a review for our recent processes in the development of multimode silicon photonic devices. Keywords: mode, multiplexer, conversion, bend, filter, silicon, waveguide.
Character, creative thinking and learning achievement in higher education: How they are correlated

The current study was designed as a correlation study to reveal the correlation between (a) character and creative thinking skills; (b) character and learning achievement; (c) creative thinking skills and learning achievement; and (d) character, creative thinking skills, and learning achievement. The study population consisted of the fourth-semester students from classes of 2018-2019 at the Department of Biology, Universitas Negeri Makassar. A cluster random sampling technique was used to select two classes consisting of 60 students in total. Data on the students’ character were collected through observation, and data on the students’ creative thinking skills were gathered using essay tests integrated into achievement tests on Animal Physiology. The character instrument contained five sub-indicators of character that are spiritual, honest, disciplined, responsible, and hardworking. The creative thinking instrument that was integrated into the achievement test contained 12 essay questions. The results of the data analysis showed that there was a correlation between (a) character and creative thinking skills; (b) character and learning achievement; (c) creative thinking skills and learning achievement; and (d) character, creative thinking skills, and learning achievement. This finding suggests that character and creative thinking skills need to be appropriately handled in learning so that increased learning achievement can be accompanied by good character and creative thinking skills.
Climate‐induced yellow‐cedar decline on the island archipelago of Haida Gwaii

The global rise in temperature and associated changes in climate have led to decline of forests around the globe, across multiple species and ecosystems. Yellow-cedar ( Callitropsis nootkatensis ) decline is one of the most severe in North America. We found abundant evidence of tree decline and mortality on Haida Gwaii across multiple watersheds and over a range of elevations. This decline on Haida Gwaii parallels the broader yellow-cedar decline in terms of spatial distribution, symptoms, magnitude, and timing. However, Haida Gwaii has a more temperate climate and ephemeral snowpack than declining yellow-cedar forests in Alaska where the link to climate was ﬁ rst uncovered. Given these important differences, we investigated several possible drivers both at the local and at the regional scale, using population demography, dendrochronology, and daily weather data. We explored stand dynamics as a driver and tested the known link to climate. Our results are inconsistent with stand dynamics as a driver of elevated decline and mortality. Neither increased competition nor aging of a cohort explains the decline. Alterna-tively, the magnitude and timing of the decline are consistent with well-documented long-term directional trends in regional climate. Onset of basal area increment decline and mortality have been accumulating over time, with increased rates since the 1980s. Our sites were located at the edge of the expected range of mortality, and we found only four thaw – freeze events over the past ~ 80 yrs. However, superposed epoch analysis using daily weather data revealed that mortality and onset of decline events were associated with warmer winter conditions, consistent with the drivers from Alaska. Rather than isolated extreme thaw – freeze events, warmer winter temperatures on Haida Gwaii may mean less cold hardening throughout the winter, which exposes yellow-cedar ’ s ﬁ ne roots to varying degrees of freezing damage over multiple winter thaw – freeze cycles, causing physiological stress, tree decline, and eventual death.
Finite-Horizon Kinetic Energy Optimization of a Redundant Space Manipulator

The minimization of energy consumption is of the utmost importance in space robotics. For redundant manipulators tracking a desired end-effector trajectory, most of the proposed solutions are based on locally optimal inverse kinematics methods. On the one hand, these methods are suitable for real-time implementation; nevertheless, on the other hand, they often provide solutions quite far from the globally optimal one and, moreover, are prone to singularities. In this paper, a novel inverse kinematics method for redundant manipulators is presented, which overcomes the above mentioned issues and is suitable for real-time implementation. The proposed method is based on the optimization of the kinetic energy integral on a limited subset of future end-effector path points, making the manipulator joints to move in the direction of minimum kinetic energy. The proposed method is tested by simulation of a three degrees of freedom (DOF) planar manipulator in a number of test cases, and its performance is compared to the classical pseudoinverse solution and to a global optimal method. The proposed method outperforms the pseudoinverse-based one and proves to be able to avoid singularities. Furthermore, it provides a solution very close to the global optimal one with a much lower computational time, which is compatible for real-time implementation.
Combustion Enhancement of Pulverized Coal with Targeted Oxygen-Enrichment in an Ironmaking Blast Furnace

In this study, a targeted oxygen-enrichment technology was proposed to enhance coal combustion in an ironmaking blast furnace. The coal flow and combustion characteristics under targeted oxygen-enrichment were investigated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The results showed that oxygen utilization and coal burnout were significantly increased under targeted oxygen-enrichment. The coal burnout at 24% O2 concentration was 86.29%, which was the maximum and indicated an increase of 13.13%. However, the cooling effect of room-temperature oxygen had some adverse effects on coal combustion. Given this, the effect of coal particle temperature on coal combustion was investigated based on targeted oxygen-enrichment. The coal combustion process was further enhanced. The coal burnout at a 600 K particle temperature and 25% oxygen concentration was 91.12% and had an increase of 17.96%, which was the maximum.
Changes in North Atlantic Atmospheric Circulation in a Warmer Climate Favor Winter Flooding and Summer Drought over Europe

Changes in atmospheric circulation under increasing greenhouse gas concentrations are important because of their implications for weather extremes and associated societal risks. However, uncertainties in models and future projections are still large and drivers behind circulation changes are not well understood. Particularly for Europe, a potential weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is considered important as it affects SST patterns and ocean–atmosphere heat fluxes and, subsequently, European climate. Here we detect and characterize changes in atmospheric circulation patterns over the North Atlantic under increasing CO2 concentrations in simulations of a very high-resolution, fully coupled climate model (CM2.6) with a realistic representation of the AMOC. We use an objective clustering technique (self-organizing maps) and validate the model’s clusters against reanalysis data. We compare the frequency of those patterns in a CO2 doubling experiment, characterized by an AMOC decline, with those in a preindustrial run, and find statistically significant changes. The most robust findings are 1) a ~30% increase in zonal flow regimes in February, relevant for flood risk in northwestern Europe, and 2) a ~60% increase in anticyclonic (high pressure) circulation directly west of the United Kingdom in August, relevant for western and central European drought. A robust decrease in the frequency of Scandinavian blocking is also seen across most months and seasons. Despite the uncertainties regarding atmospheric circulation response to climate change, our findings contribute to the increasing evidence for the emergence of robust high-impact changes over Europe.