Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge exchange sessions on primary health care research findings in public libraries: A qualitative study with citizens in Quebec

Little is known about knowledge transfer with the public. We explored how citizens, physicians, and communication specialists understand knowledge transfer in public spaces such as libraries. The initial study aimed at evaluating the scaling up of a program on disseminating research findings on potentially inappropriate medication. Twenty-two citizen workshops were offered by 16 physicians and facilitated by 6 communication specialists to 322 citizens in libraries during spring 2019. We did secondary analysis using the recorded workshop discussions to explore the type of knowledge participants used. Participants described four kinds of knowledge: biomedical, sociocultural beliefs, value-based reasoning, and institutional knowledge. Biomedical knowledge included scientific evidence, research methods, clinical guidelines, and access to research outcomes. Participants discussed beliefs in scientific progress, innovative clinical practices, and doctors’ behaviours. Participants discussed values related to reliability, transparency, respect for patient autonomy and participation in decision-making. All categories of participants used these four kinds of knowledge. However, their descriptions varied particularly for biomedical knowledge which was described by physician-speakers and communication specialists-facilitators as scientific evidence, epidemiological and clinical practice guidelines, and pathophysiological theories. Communication specialists-facilitators also described scientific journalistic sources and scientific journalistic reports as proxies of scientific evidence. Citizens described biomedical knowledge in terms of knowledge to make informed decisions. These findings offer insights for future scientific knowledge exchange interventions with the public.
Attitudes and perceptions of undergraduate nursing students towards the nursing profession

Background Nursing students either possess positive or negative attitudes and perceptions about the nursing profession. Their attitudes towards the profession depict the quality of care they will offer to patients upon qualification. This study aimed to determine the attitudes and perceptions of undergraduate nursing students towards their profession. Methods This equal-status mixed methods study involved a census sample of 165 nursing students from year one to year four in two public universities in Uganda. Attitude Scale for Nursing Profession was used to collect quantitative data in the period between 20/11/2021 and 22/01/2022. Focus group discussions were held to collect qualitative data about the perceptions. Results Majority of the students (81.8%) had positive attitudes towards the nursing profession. There was a significant difference in attitudes based on year of study and entry scheme (R2 = 0.12, F = 2.21, p = 0.01). Nursing was perceived as a poorly remunerated, unpopular profession with bias towards recruitment of lower cadres. Conclusion The results of this study showed that the attitudes of undergraduate nursing students towards the nursing profession were positive but their perceptions about the nursing profession were negative. An interventional study is recommended to facilitate a more positive change among nursing students.
A retrospective cohort analysis leveraging augmented intelligence to characterize long COVID in the electronic health record: A precision medicine framework

Physical and psychological symptoms lasting months following an acute COVID-19 infection are now recognized as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Accurate tools for identifying such patients could enhance screening capabilities for the recruitment for clinical trials, improve the reliability of disease estimates, and allow for more accurate downstream cohort analysis. In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed the EHR of hospitalized COVID-19 patients across three healthcare systems to develop a pipeline for better identifying patients with persistent PASC symptoms (dyspnea, fatigue, or joint pain) after their SARS-CoV-2 infection. We implemented distributed representation learning powered by the Machine Learning for modeling Health Outcomes (MLHO) to identify novel EHR features that could suggest PASC symptoms outside of typical diagnosis codes. MLHO applies an entropy-based feature selection and boosting algorithms for representation mining. These improved definitions were then used for estimating PASC among hospitalized patients. 30,422 hospitalized patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 across three healthcare systems between March 13, 2020 and February 28, 2021. The mean age of the population was 62.3 years (SD, 21.0 years) and 15,124 (49.7%) were female. We implemented the distributed representation learning technique to augment PASC definitions. These definitions were found to have positive predictive values of 0.73, 0.74, and 0.91 for dyspnea, fatigue, and joint pain, respectively. We estimated that 25 percent (CI 95%: 6–48), 11 percent (CI 95%: 6–15), and 13 percent (CI 95%: 8–17) of hospitalized COVID-19 patients will have dyspnea, fatigue, and joint pain, respectively, 3 months or longer after a COVID-19 diagnosis. We present a validated framework for screening and identifying patients with PASC in the EHR and then use the tool to estimate its prevalence among hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Temporal resolution of birth rate analysis in zooplankton and its implications for identifying strong interactions in ecology

Abstract Expanding on Haeckel's classical definition, ecology can be defined as the study of strong and weak interactions between the organism and the environment, hence the need for identifying strong interactions as major drivers of population and community dynamics. The solution to this problem is facilitated by the fact that the frequency distribution of interaction strengths is highly skewed, resulting in few or, according to Liebig's law of the minimum, just one strong interaction. However, a single strong interaction often remains elusive. One of the reasons may be that, due to the ever‐present dynamics of ecological systems, a single strong interaction is likely to exist only on relatively short time intervals, so methods with sufficient temporal resolution are required. In this paper, we study the temporal resolution of contribution analysis of birth rate in zooplankton, a method to assess the relative strength of bottom‐up (food) versus top‐down (predation) effects. Birth rate is estimated by the Edmondson–Paloheimo model. Our test system is a population of the cladoceran Bosmina longirostris inhabiting a small northern lake with few planktivorous predators, and thus likely controlled by food. We find that the method's temporal resolution in detecting bottom‐up effects corresponds well to the species' generation time, and the latter seems comparable to the lifetime of a single strong interaction. This enables one to capture a single strong interaction “on the fly,” right during its time of existence. We suggest that this feature, the temporal resolution of about the lifetime of a single strong interaction, may be a generally desirable property for any method, not only the one studied here, intended to identify and assess strong interactions. Success in disentangling strong interactions in ecological communities, and thus solving one of the key issues in ecology, may critically depend on the temporal resolution of the methods used.
Parental knowledge and communication with their adolescent on sexual and reproductive health issues in Nepal

Background Parental knowledge about sexual and reproductive health issues and adequate communication with their adolescent on these issues are crucial in promoting adolescent sexual and reproductive health. Although there are evidence on adolescent perceptions of their sexual health issues, research on parental perspectives of adolescent sexual health and parent-adolescent communication about sexual health issues in Nepal remains unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to assess parental knowledge and communication practice about sexual and reproductive health with their adolescent children in Lalitpur Metropolitan City of Nepal. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between January and March 2019 among randomly selected 308 parents of adolescents (aged 10–19 years) residing in Lalitpur Metropolitan City of Nepal. Face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires were conducted to collect the data. The collected data were entered into EpiData software v3.1, and data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows Version 21.0 (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, USA). The statistical significance was considered at a p-value <0.05 and a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Of 308 parents, one-third of parents were found to have correct knowledge about safe abortion, menstrual hygiene and management, modern contraceptives, prevention of sexually transmitted infections, wet dreams among male adolescents, abstaining from sexual intercourse during the fertile period, and the possibility of a male adolescent to impregnate a girl. In addition, only 40.9% of parents were found to have communicated with their adolescent children about sexual and reproductive health issues. Parents who have knowledge about puberty (aOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2–3.9), belong to Bharamin/Chhetri ethnic group (aOR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1–2.2), self-employed (aOR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3–4.0), having two or more adolescent children (aOR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1–3.6), and whose adolescent children were staying in school hostel (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI:1.0–3.0) were more likely to have parental communication about sexual and reproductive health with their adolescent children. Conclusions Most parents do not communicate with their adolescent children on sexual health topics, although they feel sexual health education is essential to adolescents. The majority of parents were found inadequately aware of adolescent sexual health issues. It is crucial to have contextual interventions that would encourage parent-adolescent communication on sexual health matters in an integrated way to promote adolescent sexual and reproductive health.
ISOTROPIC MOTIVES

Abstract In this article we introduce the local versions of the Voevodsky category of motives with $\mathbb{F} _p$ -coefficients over a field k, parametrized by finitely generated extensions of k. We introduce the so-called flexible fields, passage to which is conservative on motives. We demonstrate that, over flexible fields, the constructed local motivic categories are much simpler than the global one and more reminiscent of a topological counterpart. This provides handy ‘local’ invariants from which one can read motivic information. We compute the local motivic cohomology of a point for $p=2$ and study the local Chow motivic category. We introduce local Chow groups and conjecture that over flexible fields these should coincide with Chow groups modulo numerical equivalence with $\mathbb{F} _p$ -coefficients, which implies that local Chow motives coincide with numerical Chow motives. We prove this conjecture in various cases.
Skeletal calcification patterns of batoid, teleost, and mammalian models: Calcified cartilage versus bone matrix

This study compares the skeletal calcification pattern of batoid Raja asterias with the endochondral ossification model of mammalians Homo sapiens and teleost Xiphias gladius. Skeletal mineralization serves to stiffen the mobile elements for locomotion. Histology, histochemistry, heat deproteination, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/EDAX analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) have been applied in the study. H. sapiens and X. gladius bone specimens showed similar profiles, R. asterias calcified cartilage diverges for higher water release and more amorphous bioapatite. In endochondral ossification, fetal calcified cartilage is progressively replaced by bone matrix, while R. asterias calcified cartilage remains un‐remodeled throughout the life span. Ca2+ and PO43− concentration in extracellular matrix is suggested to reach the critical salts precipitation point through H2O recall from extracellular matrix into both chondroblasts or osteoblasts. Cartilage organic phase layout and incomplete mineralization allow interstitial fluids diffusion, chondrocytes survival, and growth in a calcified tissue lacking of a vascular and canalicular system.
Increasing practice and acceptable outcomes of high-MELD living donor liver transplantation in the USA

Recent deceased-donor allocation changes in the United States may have increased high-Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) living donor liver transplantation (LDLT); however, outcomes in these patients remain poorly defined. We aimed to examine the impact of the MELD score on LDLT outcomes. Using UNOS data (January 1, 2010–December 31, 2021), LDLT recipients were identified and stratified into low-MELD (<15), intermediate-MELD (15–24), and high-MELD (≥25) groups. We compared outcomes between MELD-stratified LDLT groups and between MELD-stratified LDLT and donation after brain death liver transplantation recipients. We used Kaplan-Meier analysis to compare graft survival rates and multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling to identify factors associated with graft outcomes. Of 3558 LDLTs, 1605 (45.1%) were low-MELD, 1616 (45.4%) intermediate-MELD, and 337 (9.5%) high-MELD. Over the study period, the annual number of LDLTs increased from 282 to 569, and the proportion of high-MELD LDLTs increased from 3.9% to 7.7%. Graft survival was significantly higher in low-MELD versus high-MELD LDLT recipients (adjusted HR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.03–1.79); however, 5-year survival exceeded 70.0% in both groups. We observed no significant difference in graft survival between high-MELD LDLT and high-MELD donation after brain death liver transplantation recipients (adjusted HR: 1.25, 95% CI:0.99–1.58), with a 5-year survival of 71.5% and 77.3%, respectively. Low LDLT center volume (<3 LDLTs/year) and recipient life support requirement were both associated with inferior graft outcomes among high-MELD LDLT recipients. While higher MELD scores confer graft failure risk in LDLT, high-MELD LDLT outcomes are acceptable with similar outcomes to MELD-stratified donation after brain death liver transplantation recipients. Future practice guidance should consider the expansion of LDLT recommendations to high-MELD recipients in centers with expertise to help reduce donor shortage.
PATHWAYS ASSOCIATED WITH POSITIVE SEPSIS SURVIVAL OUTCOMES IN AFRICAN AMERICAN/BLACK AND NON-HISPANIC WHITE PATIENTS WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION

ABSTRACT Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common cause of sepsis worldwide. Annually, more than 60,000 US deaths can be attributed to sepsis secondary to UTIs, and African American/Black adults have higher incidence and case-fatality rates than non-Hispanic White adults. Molecular-level factors that may help partially explain differences in sepsis survival outcomes between African American/Black and Non-Hispanic White adults are not clear. In this study, patient samples (N = 166) from the Protocolized Care for Early Septic Shock cohort were analyzed using discovery-based plasma proteomics. Patients had sepsis secondary to UTIs and were stratified according to self-identified racial background and sepsis survival outcomes. Proteomics results suggest patient heterogeneity across mechanisms driving survival from sepsis secondary to UTIs. Differentially expressed proteins (n = 122, false discovery rate–adjusted P < 0.05) in Non-Hispanic White sepsis survivors were primarily in immune system pathways, while differentially expressed proteins (n = 47, false discovery rate–adjusted P < 0.05) in African American/Black patients were mostly in metabolic pathways. However, in all patients, regardless of racial background, there were 16 differentially expressed proteins in sepsis survivors involved in translation initiation and shutdown pathways. These pathways are potential targets for prognostic intervention. Overall, this study provides information about molecular factors that may help explain disparities in sepsis survival outcomes among African American/Black and Non-Hispanic White patients with primary UTIs.
Pathogenesis of vasculopathy in systemic sclerosis and its contribution to fibrosis

Purpose of review In patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), vascular manifestations precede skin and organ fibrosis. There is increasing evidence demonstrating a pathogenic link between early vascular injury and subsequent development of tissue fibrosis. Recent findings Our knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying a unique relationship between SSc-related vasculopathy and fibrosis has changed over the last few years. There is increasing evidence showing viral infection as a potential trigger elucidating vascular injury. Due to defective vascular repair machinery, this initial event results in endothelial cell activation and apoptosis as well as the recruitment of inflammatory/immune cells, leading to endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. This sequential process induces destructive vasculopathy in capillaries, fibroproliferative vascular lesions in arteries, and excessive fibrosis in the surrounding tissue. A variety of molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in vascular remodeling linked to subsequent excessive fibrosis have been identified and serve as attractive therapeutic targets for SSc. Summary Endothelial injury may play a central role in connecting three features that characterize SSc pathogenesis: vasculopathy, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis. Our understanding of the processes responsible for myofibroblast differentiation triggered by vascular injury will provide the rationale for novel targeted therapies for SSc.
Pregestational maternal risk factors for preterm and term preeclampsia: A population‐based cohort study

Most studies on factors affecting the risk of preeclampsia have not separated preterm from term preeclampsia, and we still know little about whether the predisposing conditions have a differentiated effect on the risk of preterm and term preeclampsia. Our aim was to assess whether diabetes type 1 and 2, chronic kidney disease, asthma, epilepsy, rheumatoid arthritis and chronic hypertension were differentially associated with preterm and term preeclampsia.
A Transformer-Based Multi-Task Learning Framework for Myoelectric Pattern Recognition Supporting Muscle Force Estimation

Simultaneous implementation of myoelectric pattern recognition and muscle force estimation is highly demanded in building natural gestural interfaces but a challenging task due to the gesture classification accuracy degradation under varying muscle strengths. To address this problem, a novel method using transformer-based multi-task learning (MTL-Transformer) for the prediction of both myoelectric patterns and corresponding muscle strengths was proposed to describe the inherent characteristics of an individual gesture pattern under different force conditions, thereby improving the accuracy of myoelectric pattern recognition. In addition, the transformer model enabled the characterization of long-term temporal correlations to ensure precise and smooth estimation of the muscle force. The performance of the proposed MTL-Transformer framework was evaluated via experiments of classifying eleven hand gestures and estimating the corresponding muscle force simultaneously, using high-density surface electromyogram (HD-sEMG) recordings from forearm flexor muscles of eleven intact-limbed subjects. The MTL-Transformer framework yielded high classification accuracy (98.70±1.21%) and low root mean square deviation (12.59±2.76%), and outperformed other two common temporally modelling methods significantly ( ${p} < 0.05$ ) in terms of both improved gesture recognition accuracies and reduced muscle force estimation errors. The MTL-Transformer framework is demonstrated as an effective solution for simultaneous implementation of myoelectric pattern recognition and muscle force estimation. This study promotes the development of robust and smooth myoelectric control systems, with wide applications in gestural interfaces, prosthetic and orthotic control.
Historical space weather monitoring of prolonged aurora activities in Japan and in China

Great magnetic storms are recorded as aurora sightings in historical documents. The earliest known example of “prolonged” aurora sightings, with aurora persistent for two or more nights within a 7 day interval at low latitudes, in Japan was documented on 21–23 February 1204 in Meigetsuki, when a big sunspot was also recorded in China. We have searched for prolonged events over the 600 year interval since 620 in Japan based on the catalogue of Kanda [ ] and over the 700 year interval since 581 in China based on the catalogues of Tamazawa et al. (2017) and Hayakawa et al. (2015). Before the Meigetsuki event, a significant fraction of the 200 possible aurora sightings in Sòng dynasty (960–1279) of China was detected at least twice within a 7 day interval and sometimes recurred with approximately the solar rotation period of 27 days. The majority of prolonged aurora activity events occurred around the maximum phase of solar cycles rather than around the minimum, as estimated from the 14C analysis of tree rings. They were not reported during the Oort Minimum (1010–1050). We hypothesize that the prolonged aurora sightings are associated with great magnetic storms resulting from multiple coronal mass ejections from the same active region. The historical documents therefore provide useful information to support estimation of great magnetic storm frequency, which are often associated with power outages and other societal concerns.
The argument for utilising magnetic resonance imaging as a tool for monitoring lung structure and function in pediatric patients

ABSTRACT Introduction Although historically challenging to perform in the lung, technological advancements have made Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) increasingly applicable for pediatric pulmonary imaging. Furthermore, a wide array of functional imaging techniques has become available that may be leveraged alongside structural imaging for increasingly sensitive biomarkers, or as outcome measures in the evaluation of novel therapies. Areas covered In this review, recent technical advancements and modern methodologies for structural and functional lung MRI are described. These include ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI, free-breathing contrast agent-free, functional lung MRI, and hyperpolarized gas MRI, amongst other techniques. Specific examples of the application of these methods in children are provided, principally drawn from recent research in asthma, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and cystic fibrosis. Expert opinion Pediatric lung MRI is rapidly growing, and is well poised for clinical utilization, as well as continued research into early disease detection, disease processes, and novel treatments. Structure/function complementarity makes MRI especially attractive as a tool for increased adoption in the evaluation of pediatric lung disease. Looking toward the future, novel technologies, such as low-field MRI and artificial intelligence, mitigate some of the traditional drawbacks of lung MRI and will aid in improving access to MRI in general, potentially spurring increased adoption and demand for pulmonary MRI in children.