Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Value of Pollination Services in Farmlands Adjacent to Mau, Cherangany and Mt. Elgon Forests

Pollination plays a vital role in crop yield and quality and by extension food security. Approximately 75% of global food crops depend on pollination services. Forests are the primary habitats of natural pollinators and communities farming near them benefit from this valuable supporting service. This study estimated the economic value of crop pollination dependency on natural forests within Mau, Cherangany and Mount Elgon Water Towers using the Pollination Value Array Tool developed by Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). To determine the value of crop pollination on farmlands adjacent to the forests, a buffer zone of 5 km between the forest and the farms was developed using GIS. Using the developed maps, a list of pollination dependent crops grown within these zones was identified from the FAO tool. Crop production data were obtained from Ministry of Agriculture in all the Counties neighboring the three ecosystems. The crop data gathered include the quantity of crop harvested per season and the producer price in Ksh per metric ton. This data was entered into the Pollination value array tool which computes; the Total Economic Value of crop (TVC) and the Economic Value of Insect Pollinators (EVIP) using the Pollination Dependency Ratios (PDR) of the crops. The contributions of natural /insect pollinators to crop production in the Mau, Cherangany and Mt. Elgon were estimated at Ksh 314 million (12.7%), 67 million (9.7%) and 549 million (17.4%) respectively. The total economic value attributed to insect pollination in the three ecosystems amounted to Ksh 931million in 2015. Keywords: Pollination Services, Crop Production, Pollination Dependence Ratio, Economic Value, Food security DOI : 10.7176/JNSR/9-10-08 Publication date :May 31 st 2019
Economic Impact of Imatinib Mesylate Withdraw: An Option for Third World Countries?

Introduction: The advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors has changed the natural history of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), promoting molecular remission in a high number of patients. In 40-60% of the patients that reach deep molecular responses (RM4.5 or more) and are using imatinib mesylate for 24 months or longer, a molecular response can be maintained after the cessation of the drug. Besides improving life quality in those patients, to withdraw the medication could have a great economic impact in the health system, what is extremely important in third world countries. Objective: To estimate the economic impact of stopping imatinib mesylate in CML chronic phase patients, receiving treatment for at least 36 months and presenting deep molecular response, determinate by BCR-ABL transcripts with quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR), in the last 24 months. Patients and methods: A single center observational retrospective study, including all patients diagnosed with chronic phase CML, confirmed by cytogenetic or molecular exams receiving treatment at a tertiary hospital in Brazil. All patients received imatinib mesylate either in first or second line therapy. Patients presenting deep molecular response for at least 24 months, under imatinib mesylate for 36 months or more were considered eligible for discontinuation the drug. The annual coast with the treatment was estimated considering the coasts of the medication and the QRT-PCR molecular exams in the Brazilian public health system. Results: In this study, 169 patients date were analyzed, the median follow up time is 5 years (range 1-13 years), 26 (15%) of those patients are eligible for stopping imatinib mesylate according to the criteria previously mentioned. Considering the requirement of QRT-PCR exams every month in the first year of discotinuating the drug, these patients would coast proximally 1.550,00 dollars/ patients year for the public health system. This coast could be reduced to 800,00 and 520 dollars/patients year, after the second and third year of the medication withdraw, when monitoring molecular response can be done every 2 and 3 months respectively. The patients receiving imatinib mesylate, and having QTR-PCR exams every six months, in the other hand, would coast the Brazilian public health system over 31.000, 00dollars /patients year. Stopping imatinib mesylate could reduce CML chronic phase treatment coasts in up to 95%. Discussion: Discontinuating imatinib mesylate is something that must be done only in clinical trial. The economic impact projection shown in this study observed the eligibility criteria described in the literature. If stopping imatinib mesylate proves to be a safe option, studies promoting it should be done in Brazil and other third world countries, as a manner of saving resources in the health system. Furthermore, the impact in life quality free of adverse effects and the possibility of gestation in young woman is not to be ignored. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Analysis of endosulphan degradation by soil bacterium isolates EDR 1

Copyright: © Author, This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial No Derives License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is noncommercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. Enzymatic bioremediation of insecticides is receiving considerable attention, particularly since the extensive characterization of enzymes capable of detoxifying a range of organophosphate compounds. The basis of investigations for enzyme capable of detoxifying other classes of insecticides requires a source of enzyme for catalytic detoxification. This study describes the enrichment of a culture of soil bacteria capable of degrading endosulfan. The enrichment was achieved and maintained by providing endosulfan as the only carbon source. Endosulfan is poor biological energy source, as it contains only six potential reducing electrons and previous attempts to enrich for endosulfan degrading microorganism using the insecticide as sulfur source have been not very successful. However, endosulfan has relatively reactive cyclic sulfite diester group70. In this study, microorganisms were selected for their ability to release the carbon group from endosulfan and to use this as source of carbon for the growth. This selection procedure enriches for a culture capable of either the direct hydrolysis of endosulfan or the oxidation of the insecticide followed by its hydrolysis. In particular, enzymatic insecticide bioremediation is the focus of extensive study after the isolation of enzymes capable of detoxifying a range of organophosphate compounds from several bacterial species. An essential step in the investigation of an enzymatic method for endosulfan degradation is the definitive identification of a biological source of endosulfan degrading activity.
EFFECTS OF TAX EVASION ON GOVERNMENT REVENUE GENERATION IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA Folayan D.O and Adeniyi A.G Department of Accountancy, Osun State College of Technology, Esa-oke, Nigeria

This study was designed to identify the effects of tax evasion on government revenue generation in Oyo State. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of one hundred and sixty five (165) respondents who were randomly selected across the state while secondary data were gathered from National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Office of Budget and Economic Planning, and Internal Revenue Office using data from 20112016. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics tools with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science SPSS, window 23. The findings showed that, the amount of Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) between 2011 and 2016 did not meet the estimates revenue as it was expected. The results also revealed that, the tax evasion has adverse effect on government revenue generation in Oyo state which typically results in revenue loss. The implications of these results may cause inevitable distraction to the potential performance of government in the public sector; therefore, threatening its competence to finance public expenditure and undermining legitimacy of government due to non compliance to pay tax become significant to substantial budget deficit. We therefore, recommended that, the government should embark on massive public enlightenment campaign and adequate utilization of tax revenues on public goods to discourage tax evasion and reduction in tax rate.
Long-Term Follow-Up of a Large Series of Patients Following ONSTEP InguinalHernia Repair

Purpose: Long-term (3-5 years) results following inguinal hernia repair in a large series of patients using a novel technique-the ONSTEP approach-are presented. In particular, the recurrence rate, long-term complications and patient satisfaction with the procedure are discussed. Methods: Adult patients underwent ONSTEP inguinal hernia repair using a PolySoft™ hernia patch. All procedures were performed by one of two surgeons. Patients were followed up for 3-5 years for recurrences and complications, including chronic and residual pain. Patients were also asked to rate their satisfaction with the procedure. Results: Data were available from 398 hernia repair procedures in 314 patients at the 3-5-year follow-up. The overall recurrence rate was 2.0% (8/398). Additionally, there were 14 cases (3.5%; 14/398) of residual pain and 5 cases (1.3%; 5/398) of wound infection. No patients experienced chronic pain and there were no cases of mesh infection. Patient satisfaction with the ONSTEP procedure was high, with 94.9% of patients rating it as excellent, very good or good. Conclusions: ONSTEP inguinal hernia repair produced consistent results in the long term, and was associated with a low recurrence rate, only minor complications and no chronic pain. The procedure offers an alternative approach to both Lichtenstein and laparoscopic repair.
Exploring the Relations between Executive Functions and Personality

Recent academic attention in the neuropsychological groundwork of main personality factors, along with the recognition of both personality and executive functioning (EF) as major predictors of memory related problems, suggest the requirement of examining personality-EF connections. The main intend of this study was to probe into the associations between personality traits and executive functioning (i.e. Motivational Drive, Strategic Planning, Organization, Impulse Control, and Empathy). To fulfill the purpose of the study a sample consisting of approximately 50 graduate students were taken from Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak by using incidental sampling technique. The age range of the sample varied from 20 to 30 years. The participants were administered Executive Function Index (EFI) and NEO-FFI. The data was analyzed by using appropriate statistical analysis in order to delineate the relation between the variables under study. There are found positive significant associations on extraversion, openness and conscientiousness with executive functions. Neuroticism is found to be negatively correlated with executive functions. A notable contribution of Conscientiousness to executive functions among students is observed.
Gracilaria sp. Waste, Lactobacillus sp. and Chlorella sp. Integration on Intensive Aquaculture with Aquaponic System

The aim of the research is to explore the utilization of Gracilaria sp. waste, Lactobacillus sp. and Chlorella sp. in intensive aquaculture with aquaponic system. Interestingly, fermented Gracilaria sp. waste liquid as much as 0.5% gives the best watercress (Ipomoea aquatica) growth (leaf length, leaf width, stem length, root length, and number of leaves) and nile fish (Oreochromis niloticus) growth (specific growth rate and absolute growth in the body length). Keywords: Gracilaria sp. waste, Lactobacillus sp. , Chlorella sp. , aquaponic
Factors Associated With The Utilization Of Skilled Delivery Services In The Ga East Municipality Of Ghana Part 2: Barriers To Skilled Delivery

There is the need to assess the constraints to skilled delivery as a guide to improve maternal health and thereby achieve the Millennium Development Goal (MDG 5). It is known that even with the best possible antenatal care, any delivery can become complicated. Therefore skilled assistance is essential (GSS 2009) and needs to be given the relevant attention, especially in developing countries. In the more developed countries, skilled attendance is about 99.5% whereas that of Africa is 46.5% (WHO, 2008) and Ghana was 59% in 2008 (GSS 2012) below the WHO target of 85% in 2010 (WHO, 2005). The Ga East Municipality of Ghana has a skilled delivery trend of 29.8% in 2008, 31.6% in 2009 and 37.5% in 2010 respectively (Ga East District Annual Report, 2010). The question is: what are the barriers to the utilization of skilled delivery services in the area? Barriers associated with this trend is unknown and needs to be investigated. The main objective of this study is to determine the constraints associated with utilization of skilled delivery services in the Ga East Municipality. A cross sectional descriptive study design was used. Quantitative research methods were employed using structured pretested questionnaire. A study population of women (1549 years) who have delivered within one year prior to the study in the Ga East Municipal area was used. Stratified sampling and simple random sampling were employed using a sample size of (394) participants. The data entry and analysis was done using the Statistical Package For Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Association between variables was determined using the Chi Squared Test. The findings showed that a majority of respondents 371 (94.1 %) attended ANC. About 79 % had skilled assistance at delivery with the remaining 21% delivering at home. Maternal education, occupation and household income as well as religion showed statistical association with the utilization of skilled delivery. The barriers to utilization of skilled delivery identified in the study include: transportation difficulties 43%, high cost of care 27.7%, others include: the influence of family decisions, poor attitude of health workers and poor quality care as some of the challenges. The rest were traditional / cultural or religious reasons. These challenges need to be addressed to improve skilled delivery services in the district.
Dpph Assay of Selected Ornamentals of Apocyanaceae

Medicinal plants are considered as an important source of potentially useful structures for the development of new chemotherapeutic agents. The first step towards this goal is the biological and phytochemical screening of plant extracts from traditional preparations used in popular medicine. Plants are beneficial and endless sources for healing various infections because of their ability to synthesize secondary metabolites like alkaloids, quinines, flavones, tannins, phenols etc. Various ornamental plants belonging to family Apocyanaceae are known for their pharmacological, ethno botanical and ecological benefits. The experiment performed on the leaves of these ornamental plants beginning with the quest to find the secondary phytoconstituents later, antioxidant properties of theses methanolic extracts were studied. Except for saponins all the other phytochemicals were found to be present in all the white colored flower bearing ornamentals as compared to the leaves of the plants bearing colored flowers. The methanolic extracts of leaves of varieties of Vinca, Thevetia and Nerium showed significant variations in their results for antioxidant potentials that probably would be due to presence or absence of saponins.
Clinical and Epidemiological Evaluation and Assessment of Various Modes of Therapeutic Management of Locally Advanced Carcinoma of Breast in a Tertiary Care Hospital: An Observational Study

Background: Worldwide breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women and represents the second leading cause of cancer death among women (after lung cancer). Higher incidence in developing countries is due to lack of active screening, and early detection programs, low awareness of breast cancer, poor access to health care due to poverty, and cultural issues are other contributory factors for late presentation. The locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) is characterized by varying clinical presentations of tumors belonging to Stages IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, and inflammatory breast cancer and the aim of this study is to evaluate the epidemiologic characteristics such as age distribution, clinical presentation, stage at presentation, and various modalities of treatment. Methodology: The present study is a descriptive hospital-based study conducted in the department of general surgery in a tertiary care hospital during the period of November 2013–October 2015. All patients presenting to the hospital with Stage IIIA, IIIB, IIIIC, and inflammatory carcinoma were included in the study. The multimodality treatment approach of LABC commenced in the majority of cases with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), followed by local therapy in the form of modified radical mastectomy (MRM) (Auchincloss modification). The patients were then subjected to consolidating radiotherapy to locoregional area. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics were done. Data were expressed as absolute numbers and percentage. Results: Observations were made regarding demographics, quadrants involved, menstrual status, tumor size, and fixity to chest wall, lymph node status, stage of the disease, inoperability, chemotherapy regimen, receptor status, and complications of surgery. Conclusion: Patients administered NACT showed a good response with 13.2% and 65.8% of the patients showing clinically complete and partial response, respectively. 92% of inoperable tumors became operable confirming that NACT is an effective method of downstaging the tumor.
The Role Of Corporate Governance On Earnings Quality From Positive Accounting Theory Framework

This study aims to examine the effect of bonuses, debt financing, tax avoidance and corporate governance on earnings quality as well as the role of corporate governance on the effect of bonuses, debt financing, tax avoidance on earnings quality. This research is quantitative research with multiple linear regression models. The sample used in this research is all nonfinancial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The type of data used in this study is secondary data in the form of financial statements and annual reports from 2012 to 2016. The sample selection using a purposive sampling method with the number of samples amounted to 344 observations. This study uses data with the same number of five years, so that this study employs panel data. This study suggests bonuses are negatively associated with earnings quality. This manager's opportunistic behavior is in line with the hypothesis plan bonus. Debt financing is positively associated with earnings quality. Tax avoidance is negatively associated with earnings quality. Corporate governance is not associated with earnings quality. Corporate governance is expected to be the company's control mechanism to reduce earnings management behavior, which can reduce earnings quality. Corporate governance does not weaken the influence of bonuses on earnings quality. The previous discussion has confirmed that corporate governance does not affect the quality of earnings, and after research, corporate governance is also unable to limit the opportunistic behavior of managers driven by bonus motivation. Corporate governance does not weaken the influence of debt financing on earnings quality. Corporate governance does not weaken the effect of tax avoidance on the quality of earnings. In line with the previous discussion, this result may suggest in Indonesia; corporate governance has not been considered as a need and
Zuckerman’s Alternative Five Factor Model and Risk Taking Behavior

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between risk taking behavior/perception and five factors of personality (AFFM). To realize the main objective of the study DomainSpecific Risk-Taking Scale and Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire were administered on a group of 57 subjects ranging in age from 18 to 24 years. Obtained data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Pearsons correlations. Correlational analysis revealed Activity and Sociability to be positively correlated with all the five domains of risk taking behavior/perception i.e. Ethical, Financial, Health/Safety, Recreational and Social. Neuroticism-Anxiety has correlated negatively with Financial, Health/Safety, and Recreational domains of risk taking. Aggression-Hostility has correlated negatively with Health/Safety. Impulsive-Sensation Seeking has corresponded positively with domains of risk taking viz Financial, Health/Safety and Social.
Clinical implementation of musculoskeletal ultrasound among rheumatologists in Morocco

Objective: To document the current state of musculoskeletal US (MSUS) implementation and training among rheumatologists in Morocco. Methods: A French-language questionnaire divided into 16 items and 5 domains (socio-demographic characteristics, training in MSUS, proposals for better use, MSUS in clinical practice, equipment and the main obstacles that prevent the implementation of MSUS in Morocco) was sent by e-mail to Moroccan rheumatologists. Results: A total of 76 of the 300 questionnaires (25%) were returned. Most of respondents were young (55%) and were female (74%). MSUS was practiced daily by 50 (66%) respondents. They have formal university training in 96.8%. Fifty seven (75%) respondents have access to MSUS. They use MSUS in the following indications: shoulder pain (97%), Rheumatoid arthritis (97%), ankle pain (50%) and for echo-guided interventions in 60%. The cost of equipment and training was the main obstacle to the implementation of MSUS (75%), followed by operator depending examination (44 %). Conclusion: Our results suggest that most of Moroccan rheumatologists practice MSUS after college education. The main obstacle for the diffusion of MSUS in Morocco was the cost of materiel and training. Advances in knowledge: In Morocco, there has not been any study about musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) practice among rheumatologists. This study allows to document the current state of MSUS implementation and training among rheumatologists in Morocco. Correspondence to: Lamyae Bouhouche, Mohammed Vth University, Ibn Sina universitary hospitals, El Ayachi hospital, Department of Rheumatology RabatSalé, MOROCCO, E-mail: lamyaebouhouche@hotmail.com
EFFECT OF GAMMA RAYS AND NITROSO METHYL UREA ON SEED GERMINATION, SEEDLING HEIGHT AND SURVIVABILITY OF CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.) VAR. RSG-963

Separate and simultaneous effect of gamma rays and NMU on seed germination, seedling height and survivability of Chickpea plants has been under taken in the present study. The current variety of chickpea was subjected to different doses of gamma rays (5 KR, 10 KR and 15KR) and 0.02% NMU. The effect of mutagens was observed in the percentage of seed germination, seedling height at 15 th day and survivability at 25 th day of sowing. From the results, it was observed that, the percentage of seed germination and seedling height was reduced at 15 th day and survivability was also significantly decreased with the increasing doses of gamma rays as well as combined doses of gamma rays and NMU. But doses of 15 KR gamma rays and 15 KR gamma rays + NMU were more effective.