Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Breed differences in susceptibility of sheep to Haemonchus contortus

Susceptibility of Nali (group 1), 50% Nali x 50% Russian Merino/Corriedale (group 2) and 37.5% Nali x 62.5% Russian Merino/Corriedale (group 3) lambs to experimental Haemonchus contortus infection was investigated. Faecal egg output, worm counts and haematological values indicated that groups 1 and 3 lambs were more susceptible than group 2 lambs. Group 2 lambs had significantly (P<0.05) higher body weights than those of group 3 lambs. Estimations of total serum protein, calcium, phosphorus and iron showed significantly higher decrease in group 3 when compared to groups 1 and 2 lambs. Two lambs of group 3 suffered with severe anaemia and emaciation.
Switching-Based Optimized Sliding-Mode Control for Capacitor Self-Voltage Balancing Operation of Seven-Level PUC Inverter

Seven-level packed U-cell (PUC7) is known as a cost-effective low-component multilevel inverter. However, PUC7 challenge is the capacitor voltage balancing; so, it conventionally needs an additional voltage control integrated into the current control loop. Because of extra variables, the control problem is further complicated for the grid-connected PUC7. This article proposes an optimized sliding-mode control (OSMC) based on the current dynamical model to track the load current reference and to self-balance the capacitor voltage in both grid-connected and stand-alone operations. By optimizing the OSMC control factor using a visual-based optimization method, PUC7 switching operation is controlled to self-balance the capacitor voltage while any extra voltage controller is needed. An adaptive control law has been also proposed for self-tuning of the PUC7 current reference to track the load and dc source variations. Experimental and simulation results of PUC7 prove the excellent performance of the proposed OSMC in achieving capacitor self-voltage balancing operation.
Phylogenetic evidence for an expanded circumscription of Gabura (Arctomiaceae)

Abstract Since the advent of molecular taxonomy, numerous lichen-forming fungi with homoiomerous thalli initially classified in the family Collemataceae Zenker have been transferred to other families, highlighting the extent of morphological convergence within Lecanoromycetes O. E. Erikss. & Winka. While the higher level classification of these fungi might be clarified by such transfers, numerous specific and generic classifications remain to be addressed. We examined the relationships within the broadly circumscribed genus Arctomia Th. Fr. , which has been the recipient of several transfers from Collemataceae. We demonstrated that Arctomia insignis (P. M. Jørg. & Tønsberg) Ertz does not belong to Arctomia s. str. but forms a strong monophyletic group with Gabura fascicularis (L.) P. M. Jørg. We also confirmed that Arctomia borbonica Magain & Sérus. and the closely related Arctomia insignis represent two species. We formally transferred A. insignis and A. borbonica to the genus Gabura Adans. and introduced two new combinations: Gabura insignis and Gabura borbonica. We reported Gabura insignis from Europe (Scotland and Ireland) for the first time. While material from Europe and North America is genetically almost identical, specimens from Madagascar, South Africa and Reunion Island belong to three distinct phylogenetic lineages, all of which are present in the latter area and may represent distinct species. In its current circumscription, the genus Gabura may contain up to six species, whereas Arctomia s. str. includes only two species (A. delicatula Th. Fr. and A. teretiuscula P. M. Jørg.). The Gabura insignis group is shown to have an unexpectedly large, subcosmopolitan distribution. With the extended sampling from Arctomiaceae Th. Fr. , the placement of Steinera sorediata P. James & Henssen in the genus Steinera Zahlbr. is confirmed and the presence of a new Steinera species from Chile is highlighted.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Associated Infective Endocarditis: A Clinical Update

ABSTRACT Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a paradigm shift for the management of severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. Infective endocarditis is a dreaded complication, which may potentially occur with TAVR, in a similar fashion to surgical aortic valve prostheses. TAVR infective endocarditis (TAVR-IE) may often be under recognized; therefore, it may be associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Here, we describe the difficulties faced with the diagnosis of TAVR-IE, and elucidate the microbiological profiles, various diagnostic strategies, and management options. Diagnosis of TAVR-IE is challenging, with potentially a lower yield on echocardiography. There is an expanding body of literature on the roles of advanced cardiac imaging techniques such as multidetector cardiac computed tomography (MDCT), Fluoro Deoxy Glucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) and labeled leukocyte scintigraphy. Management of these patients should occur in a tertiary care hospital, by a dedicated multi-disciplinary heart valve infective endocarditis team, with the availability for advanced cardiac interventional and surgical procedures. Finally, we analyze the gaps in guidelines for management of prosthetic valve endocarditis in TAVR patients.
An Investigation of Student Teachers' Engagement in Autonomous Outside-the-Classroom Learning Activities.

Learners’ engagement in outside-the-classroom learning activities has many advantages and benefits in terms of academic performance. It has also been argued by other researchers that engagement in such activities would also provide independent, self-directed, self-regulated, and autonomous learning. 60 first year student teachers of English studying at one of the largest state universities in Turkey have participated in this study. The study aimed to investigate student teachers’ engagement in autonomous outside-the-classroom learning activities. Results revealed that the student teachers engage in some of outside-theclassroom learning activities, yet they do not engage in some activities that would directly contribute to the process of becoming a self-regulated and autonomous learner. The results were discussed in line with the literature in learner autonomy and teacher education.
Money does not stink: Using unpleasant odors as stimulus material changes risky decision making

Odors are strong elicitors of affect, and they play an important role in guiding human behavior, such as avoiding fire or spoiled food. However, little is known about how risky decision making changes when stimuli are olfactory. We investigated this question in an experimental study of risky decision making with unpleasant odors and monetary losses in a fully incentivized task with real outcomes. Odor and monetary decisions were matched so that monetary losses corresponded to the amount of money participants were willing to pay to avoid smelling an odor. Hierarchical Bayesian analyses using prospect theory show that participants were less sensitive to probabilities when gambling with odors than when gambling with money. These results highlight the importance of taking the sensory modality into account when studying risky decision making.
From Hagfish to Tuna: A Perspective on Cardiac Function in Fish

This perspective takes a comparative view of cardiac physiology in fish to provide insights into cardiac control mechanisms and the degree of cardiac plasticity between species. Between the extremes represented by tuna and hagfish, there is a 15-fold difference in cardiac output that is largely accounted for by species differences in heart rate rather than in stroke volume. The relative importance of heart rate and stroke volume is reversed in many fish in terms of explaining the up to threefold increase in cardiac output observed during swimming A conspicuous and unexplained observation is that all fish studied so far, with the exception of tuna, have heart rates lower than 120 bpm. In many fish, luminal O₂, in venous blood is the sole myocardial O₂, supply, and a venous PO₂ threshold may ultimately limit cardiac performance. More active fish have bigger ventricles that generally beat faster and generate higher blood pressures and flows. The bigger ventricle in active fish, while improving convection to working skeletal muscle, requires the development of a coronary circulation to supplement to varying degrees the luminal myocardial O₂ supply. It is hoped that these generalities will act as a framework for future research.
The effect of fusion-relevant He ion flux on the evolution of He nano-bubbles in W

Based on a He reaction rate model in W, we have analyzed the effect of fusion-relevant He+ flux on the evolution and surface bursting of He nano-bubbles in W. The concentrations of solute He atoms, trapped He atoms, and He nano-bubbles, and the radius of He nano-bubbles have been obtained as a function of depth, He+ dose, and He+ flux. He retentions in W are also calculated as the function of He+ dose and flux. Our modeling shows that the He+ flux varying from 5.0 × 1018 to 5.0 × 1024 m−2·s−1 significantly affects the concentration of solute He atoms diffusing in W and trapped He atoms, the evolution of He nano-bubbles, and He retention in W. Both the concentration and radius of He nano-bubbles in W show the dependence on He+ flux, and their surface bursting leads to an increase ( ΔAb−Burst) in the W surface area, thus the growth of W nano-fuzz. When He+ flux increases 5.0 × 1018 to 5.0 × 1024m−2·s−1, the bursting rate of He nano-bubbles is greatly reduced, accompanied by an increase in ΔAb−Burst. However, ΔAb−Burst is less dependent on the fusion-relevant He+ flux varying from 9.0 × 1020 to 1.6 × 1022m−2·s−1, which is consistent with the measured W nano-fuzz growth by He/D2 plasmas.
Incidencia del sexo, el índice de masa corporal y el número de hermanos en la competencia motriz autopercibida

Introduccion: La infancia se caracteriza por ser un periodo trascendental en el ciclo vital de la persona, es donde se inicia la formacion de la personalidad y la adquisicion de habitos de vida saludables. Objetivo: Analizar la autopercepcion de competencia motriz en relacion al genero, el estado de peso y el numero de hermanos. Metodos: Participaron en el estudio 310 escolares de sexto curso (M ± DE; 10,87 ± 0,54) ubicados en la comunidad Autonoma de Castilla La Mancha. El instrumento utilizado para medir este constructo es la percepcion de la competencia motriz en Educacion Fisica. Resultados: La percepcion de competencia motriz es un factor mas a desarrollar en la adquisicion de estilos de vida saludables, especialmente en las chicas. El contexto educativo en colaboracion con los padres debe favorecer la formacion de una personalidad completa y equilibrada del escolar junto con la adquisicion de habitos de vida saludables. Conclusiones : El analisis estadistico efectuado pone de manifiesto una mayor percepcion de competencia motriz a favor de los varones, los escolares normopeso y los escolares sin hermanos en los factores de experiencia personal y companeros ( p < 0,05). Palabras clave: actividad fisica; competencia percibida; educacion fisica; educacion primaria.
Sensitivity of Fusarium graminearum to Metconazole and Tebuconazole Fungicides Before and After Widespread Use in Wheat in the United States

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused primarily by Fusarium graminearum, is a major disease of wheat in the United States. FHB is managed in part by applications of demethylation inhibitor (DMI) triazole fungicides during anthesis. The objective of this study was to examine the sensitivity of U.S. populations of F. graminearum to the DMI triazole fungicides metconazole and tebuconazole. Isolates of F. graminearum collected from wheat between 1981 and 2014 were tested for fungicide sensitivity using mycelial growth assays to determine the effective concentration at which 50% of fungal growth was inhibited (EC₅₀). A total of 45 isolates were tested for metconazole sensitivity and 47 for sensitivity to tebuconazole. Isolates were analyzed in groups based on collection date. Groupings consisted of isolates collected prior to widespread fungicide use in wheat (designated as year 2000) or after fungicides became available for use in wheat. The mean EC₅₀ for isolates collected prior to 2000 was 0.0240 µg/ml for metconazole and 0.1610 µg/ml for tebuconazole. For both fungicides, isolates collected between 2000 and 2014 had significantly higher (P = 0.05) mean EC₅₀ values (mean EC₅₀ = 0.0405 and 0.3311 µg/ml for metconazole and tebuconazole, respectively) compared with isolates collected prior to 2000. Isolate, year, and state of collection all affected the mean EC₅₀ values of isolates collected between 2000 and 2014. A single isolate collected from Illinois in 2012 exhibited EC₅₀ values of 0.1734 µg/ml for metconazole and 1.7339 µg/ml for tebuconazole, indicating reduced sensitivity compared with the mean EC₅₀ of other isolates collected between 2000 and 2014. This study is the first step toward developing a fungicide sensitivity monitoring program for F. graminearum in the United States.
An investigation into the genetic basis of late-onset psoriasis

Background: Psoriasis is a complex disease with a genetic component contributing to disease pathogenesis. Chronic plaque psoriasis can be dichotomised into two subtypes according to age of onset; type 1 (early-onset; <40 years) and type 2 (late-onset; ? 40 years). Despite clinical and biological differences between the two subtypes, the genetics underpinning late-onset psoriasis remains poorly characterised compared to early-onset psoriasis. Aims: The aim of this project was to identify genetic loci associated with late-onset psoriasis, to assess the overlap of loci with early-onset psoriasis and to elucidate the functional role of the identified variants.Methods: The study had three parts; the first was a candidate-gene association study of the IL1B gene. A total of 16 SNPs from the region were genotyped in 595 late-onset and 1,137 early-onset psoriasis samples and compared to 4,770 controls from the European population. The second was a large-scale study conducted in 543 late-onset psoriasis and 4,373 controls using the Immunochip array. The third was a functional study using bioinformatics data mining, chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assay techniques to analyse the role of a disease-associated variant at the biological level. Results: The candidate-gene study replicated a previously reported association at a promoter polymorphism, rs16944 (P<0.05), within the IL1B gene and discovered a novel association at a second variant, rs11687624 (P<3.12x10-3), in late-onset psoriasis. None of the variants analysed were significantly associated with early-onset psoriasis. Bioinformatic eQTL data suggests the two variants and their proxies are associated with the expression of IL1A, IL1B, IL38 and PAX8. The Immunochip study identified 6 non-HLA loci (P<2.3x10-5) previously associated with early-onset psoriasis to also be associated with late-onset psoriasis (IFIH1, IL12B, IL23A, IL23R, TRAF3IP2 and ZNF313). Conditional analysis of the MHC region also identified two loci (HLA-C and HLA-A). A novel locus, IL1R1, was associated with late-onset psoriasis, but not early-onset psoriasis. Bioinformatic data mining found no role for the IL1R1 variants as eQTLs and prioritised the IL1B variant rs2708914 for functional analysis. The transcription factor STAT3 was found to be enriched at rs2708914 in keratinocyte and CD8+ T-lymphocyte cell lines. Allele-specific binding could not be established.Conclusions: This project is the largest genetic study of late-onset psoriasis to date and provides evidence that it shares susceptibility loci with early-onset psoriasis as well as having specific susceptibility loci. These findings provide further evidence for the dichotomisation of chronic plaque psoriasis, firstly to facilitate better understanding of the pathogenesis of the two subtypes and secondly to enable tailored therapy to be developed. Both have potential benefits for patients in the future. The genetic and functional studies conducted have provided a platform from which further studies can be carried out.
Morphological characteristics of zom sheep.

Bu araştırma, Türkiye’de Diyarbakır ili yakınlarında bulunan Karacadağ’ın yüksek rakımlı yerlerinde yetiştiriciliği yapılan Zom koyunları üzerinde yürütülmüş bir tanımlama çalışmasıdır. Zom koyunlarının farklı yaş ve cinsiyete göre morfolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi için gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmada, 16 baş koç ve 195 baş koyundan ölçüm alındı. Bazı özellikler bakımından koç ve koyunlarda ortalama ve standart hatalar sırasıyla, canlı ağırlık 65.0±2.09 ve 46.0±1.25 kg, cidago yüksekliği 76.2±1.57 ve 67.9±0.94 cm, sağrı yüksekliği 75.5±0.83 ve 67.9±0.50 cm, vücut uzunluğu 66.1±0.91 ve 60.2±0.55 cm, göğüs çevresi 99.8±1.73 ve 94.7±1.04 cm, göğüs derinliği 34.4±0.59 ve 29.9±0.36 cm, göğüs genişliği 21.1±0.49 ve 18.2±0.30 cm olarak tespit edildi. Genel olarak, Zom koyunlarının morfolojik özellikler bakımından Karakaş, İvesi ve Akkaraman koyunlarıyla benzerlik gösterdiği tespit edildi.
Indoor Comfort and Symptomatology in Non-University Educational Buildings: Occupants’ Perception

The indoor environment in non-university classrooms is one of the most analyzed problems in the thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) areas. Traditional schools in southern Europe are usually equipped with heating-only systems and naturally ventilated, but climate change processes are both progressively increasing average temperatures and lengthening the warm periods. In addition, air renewal is relayed in these buildings to uncontrolled infiltration and windows’ operation, but urban environmental pollution is exacerbating allergies and respiratory conditions among the youth population. In this way, this exposure has a significant effect on both the academic performance and the general health of the users. Thus, the analysis of the occupants’ noticed symptoms and their perception of the indoor environment is identified as a potential complementary tool to a more comprehensive indoor comfort assessment. The research presents an analysis based on environmental sensation votes, perception, and indoor-related symptoms described by students during lessons contrasted with physical and measured parameters and operational scenarios. This methodology is applied to 47 case studies in naturally ventilated classrooms in southern Europe. The main conclusions are related to the direct influence of windows’ operation on symptoms like tiredness, as well as the low impact of CO2 concentration variance on symptomatology because they usually exceeded recommended levels. In addition, this work found a relationship between symptoms under study with temperature values and the environmental perception votes, and the special impact of the lack of suitable ventilation and air purifier systems together with the inadequacy of current thermal systems.
Explorando diferentes subproductos considerados como residuos por la industria pesquera en México//Exploring different by-products considered as residues by the fishery industry in México

La produccion y poco aprovechamiento de subproductos de los grandes centros de distribucion en Mexico causa problemas ambientales. Se exploro la composicion fisicoquimica de distintos subproductos evaluando el pH, humedad, lipidos, ceniza, proteinas, nitrogeno no proteico, bases volatiles totales, hidroxiprolina y prolina en tres sitios (zonas) de muestreo durante tres meses diferentes, cada zona o sitio represento muestras diferentes, asi: MM (mezcla de subproductos de diferentes especies), AT (subproductos derivados del enlatado de atun), TL (subproductos derivados del fileteo de tilapia). Se registraron diferencias en la composicion quimica entre los tres meses de muestreo y entre los tres sitios evaluados. Los resultados mostraron que los componentes mas importantes que se pueden recuperar son: proteinas, para el sitio MM, incluyendo el colageno; lipidos y proteinas, para el sitio AT; colageno y lipidos para el sitio TL. Los valores promedio de pH (7.89), humedad (72.75 %) y BVT (188 mg N/100 g) para el sitio MM, demuestran la necesidad de mejorar el manejo de los subproductos en ese sitio. Los subproductos de los tres sitios de muestreo mostraron ser una fuente alternativa de componentes importantes como proteinas que no son colageno, colageno, lipidos y cenizas, dependiendo del sitio. Sin embargo, es importante resaltar la necesidad de mejorar el manejo de los subproductos para lograr un mayor aprovechamiento.ABSTRACTThe production and under-utilization of by-products from the large distribution centers in Mexico, promotes environmental problems. The physicochemical composition of different by-products produced by the large distribution centers throughout different months was explored evaluating pH, moisture, lipids, ash, proteins, non-protein nitrogen, total volatile bases, hydroxyproline and proline, in three places during three months, each place represented different sample, including: MM (by-products from different fish species), AT (by-products of tuna canning, and TL (tilapia by-products). There were differences in chemical composition among the three months and the evaluated places. Results showed that the most important components that could be recovered are proteins for MM, collagen, lipids and proteins for AT and collagen and lipids for TL. Average values of pH (7.89), moisture (72.75 %) and total volatile bases (188 mg N/100 g) demonstrate the need of improving the by-products management in the MM place. By-products from the three evaluated places showed be an alternative source to obtain important components including non-collagen proteins, collagen, lipids, and ash depending on the sampling place. However, it is important to highlight the need of improving the handling of by-products to achieve greater exploitation.
Does Sustainable Corporate Governance Enhance Accounting Practice? Evidence from the Korean Market

As corporate sustainability continues to improve and enhance the principles of good corporate governance, firms are exerting increasing efforts in terms of transparency and public disclosure. Transparency efforts provide information to the general public on the relationship between corporate governance and improved sustainability. The better informed shareholders are about the connection between corporate governance and sustainability, the more apparent the relationship will become over time. Prior studies assume that blockholders engage in active institutional monitoring by intervening directly in firms’ operations. In contrast, we argue that passive institutional monitoring is a more feasible governance mechanism in the Korean market owing to the market’s unique features (i.e., chaebols and pressure sensitivity). In particular, focusing on the blockholdings of the Korean National Pension Service (KNPS), we study the impact of passive monitoring on firms’ earnings quality, represented by earnings persistence, value relevance, and timeliness. The empirical evidence shows that KNPS blockholdings have a positive and significant impact on corporate earnings quality, indicating that passive blockholder monitoring is a more efficient channel for improving earnings quality in South Korea. Our results may be generalized to other emerging markets in which a few entities with concentrated economic power engender pressure-sensitive corporate landscapes for sustainability.