Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fetal macrosomia and its associated factors among pregnant women delivered at national referral hospital in Uganda, a case-control study.

Background: The delivery of macrosomic newborns (newborns>4000gm) is associated with many complications, yet the number macrosomic newborns is increasing steadily worldwide. Studies suggest the risk factors for fetal macrosomia include weight at first antenatal visit, previous delivery of a large newborn, newly diagnosed diabetes in pregnancy, increasing number of deliveries, a male fetus, and many others. The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors for fetal macrosomia among women who delivered at a National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda in order to address a gap in knowledge in this area. Methods: An unmatched case-control study was conducted among 177 cases and 354 controls at Kawempe National Referral Hospital. Data was collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was done using STATA version 16.0. Results: Risk factors for fetal macrosomia included maternal age >=40 years (aOR = 7.4, [95%CI 1.37 - 39.44], p value = 0.020), maternal weight >=80kg (aOR = 4.0, [95%CI 2.15 - 7.40], p value <0.001), maternal height >=160cm (aOR = 1.6, [95%CI 1.02 - 2.51], p value = 0.040), being married (aOR = 2.55, [95%CI 1.08 - 6.06], P value = 0.038), gestation age >=40 weeks (aOR = 1.8,[ 95%CI 1.16 - 2.82], p value = 0.009), previous macrosomia (aOR = 2.2, [95%CI 1.26 - 3.81], p value = 0.006) and male babies (aOR = 1.78, [95%CI 1.14 - 2.77], p value = 0.011) Conclusions: Maternal demographic factors at the time of birth such as weight, height as well as advanced age significantly contribute to giving birth to large newborns. Other factors such as post-datism, previous delivery of a large newborn, male fetus and being in a marital relationship, were also noted. A well-designed protocol to identify women with risk factors for fetal macrosomia may help to provided targeted interventions in this group.
Contemporary Management of Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain (

a Department of Urology, Campus Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; b Clinic for Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany; c Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; d Department of Urology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada E U R O P E A N U R O L O G Y 6 9 ( 2 0 1 6 ) 2 8 6 – 2 9 7
Head and Neck Cancer Online Support Groups: Disparities in Participation and Impact on Patients

Abstract Objective To characterize the users of the head and neck cancer (HNC) online support group (OSG) and describe the perceived benefits of membership. Study Design Cross‐sectional. Setting Online. Methods An administered survey with questions asking about demographics, cancer history, treatment choices, and feelings about OSGs was posted on the 5 largest HNC OSGs on Facebook. Results A total of 97 participants completed the survey. Mean age was 57.8 years old (standard deviation = 10.7 years). Most participants were female (50.5%) and Caucasian (92.8%). This cohort was well educated with 65.5% holding at least a college degree. Annual income was high with 41.8% reporting annual income of $100,000 or greater. The most common treatment modality was radiation (88.7%). The most common surgery was neck dissection (46.4%). Most participants preferred OSGs (70.8%) over other support group types. OSGs were heavily utilized with our cohort reporting using the OSG at least several times a week (80.0%). The top reasons for joining the OSG were sharing one's experience of HNC (76.3%) and gaining support from others with HNC (85.6%). OSGs were ranked as the #3 source of medical information for HNC behind otolaryngologists and oncologists. Membership in a HNC OSG had a minimal impact on decision‐making. Conclusion HNC OSGs appear to provide a beneficial community for HNC patients. Otolaryngologists should consider incorporating HNC OSG as a possible supplemental resource for their HNC patients.
Effect of spatial variation of strength and modulus on the lateral compression response of cement-admixed clay slab

In deep excavation construction, improved soil layers consisting of overlapping cement-admixed columns formed by deep mixing method or jet grouting are often used to stabilise an excavation in soft soils. The purpose of such soil layers is to resist lateral compression generated by movement of the retaining wall. Cement-admixed soils are well known to have high heterogeneity in strength. In this paper, the heterogeneity in strength and Young's modulus are studied using random finite-element analyses, considering three sources of variation: namely, a deterministic radial trend in strength and Young's modulus; a stochastic fluctuation component due to non-uniform mixing; and positioning errors arising from off-verticality of the mixing shafts. The results show that positioning errors have the largest effect on the strength of the slab as a whole, whereas the radial trend has the smallest effect, when normalised by the volume-average strength. Based on the results obtained, methods are proposed which allow e.
The ability of drinking water treatment sludge to degrade methylene blue in water through combined adsorption/photo Fenton-like process

Abstract In the present study, drinking water treatment sludge (DWTS) was reused as a catalyst in advanced oxidation processes for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. After determining their chemical and mineralogical compositions by X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), BET surface area, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), and FT-IR spectra. DWTS has been used as a heterogeneous photo Fenton-Like catalyst for the oxidation of MB under different parameters, including pH (3-6), H2O2 concentration (9.79-29.37 mM), and dose (1-2.5 g/L). The results showed that within 180 min and under UV light irradiation, more than 86% of MB having a concentration of 50 mg/L were removed using a catalyst loading of 1.5 g/L, a H2O2 dosage of 23.17 mM and a solution pH of 5. The DWTS has a satisfactory stability as the catalyst is stable and have very less iron leaching property.
Nutraceutical formulation for immune system modulation: Active constituents, in vitro antibacterial and immunomodulatory activity, and metabolomics analysis

There is a large demand for nutraceuticals in the market and studies related to their action are needed. In this paper, the antimicrobial activity and the immunomodulatory effect of a nutraceutical formulation containing 14.39% of ascorbic acid, 7.17% of coenzyme Q10, 1.33% of Echinacea polyphenols, 0.99% of pine flavan‐3‐ols, 0.69% of resveratrol and 0.023% of Echinacea alkylamides were studied using in vitro assays and cell‐based metabolomics. Chromatographic analysis allowed us to study the nutraceutical composition. The antibacterial activity was evaluated on S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, H. influenzae, S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis. The immunomodulatory activity was assessed on human macrophages and dendritic cells. The production of IL‐1β, IL‐12p70, IL‐10 and IL‐8 was evaluated on culture medium by ELISA and the activation/maturation of dendritic cells with cytofluorimetric analysis. Treated and untreated macrophages and dendritic cell lysates were analysed by liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and results were compared using multivariate data analysis to identify biological markers related to the treatment with the food supplement. The food supplement decreased K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and M. catharralis growth, reduced the inflammatory response in macrophages exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and modulated the activation and maturation of the dendritic cells. Oxidized phospholipids were identified as the main biological markers of treated cell lysates, compared with controls.
Dual modality feeders: a group of human milk feeders with unique practices and needs

Abstract Objective: Dual modality feeding (DMF) – feeding human milk interchangeably from the breast and from a bottle – comes with unique practical, emotional and relational challenges, as well as support needs. Yet, there is little research that explores the experiences of individuals who use DMF in the Canadian context. The aim of this study is to explore the practices, challenges, reasons and enablers of DMF. Design: Repeat, semi-structured one-on-one interviews were conducted at 8 weeks and 22 weeks postpartum. Interview transcripts were thematically analysed using a critical feminist lens. Setting: Nova Scotia, Canada. Participants: Ten DMF mothers. Results: DMF practices were influenced by a mix of social and material circumstances, including breast-feeding challenges, the involvement of support persons, finances and access to lactation support. Individuals who predominantly fed at the breast expressed milk strategically to mitigate transitory breast-feeding challenges, for convenience under specific circumstances, and to share feeding responsibilities with other caregivers for personal and practical reasons. Individuals who mainly bottle-fed did so due to long-term breast-feeding challenges or a need to return to employment. Enablers of successful DMF were consistent between the two groups and included practical, personal and relational aspects. Conclusions: DMF is a unique practice compared to feeding human milk solely from the breast or bottle. Despite the potential growing prevalence of DMF, it is currently understudied and inadequately addressed in existing support programmes in Nova Scotia. Tailored programming and public messaging are needed to support DMF families.
Nickel-copper sulfides from the 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii; contrasting compositions and phase relations in eruption pumice and Kilauea Iki lava lake

Iron-nickel-copper sulfides in picritic eruption pumice from the 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, and associated Kilauea Iki lava lake have been studied in detail. The sulfides occur as micrometer-sized subspherical blebs in glass inclusions within olivine phenocrysts and in glass within quenched groundmass. The proportion of blebs present within the volume of a thin section and within individual olivine grains is widely variable. Sulfide minerals present in the eruption pumice include monosulfide solid solution (mss), isocubanite, pentlandite, bornite, and an unidentified metal-excess iron-rich sulfide. Bulk sulfides in the eruption pumice are enriched in Ni relative to Cu. These minerals are also present in Kilauea Iki lava lake, along with chalcopyrite, but the bulk sulfides are markedly enriched in Cu relative to Ni. In the eruption pumice, the high-temperature history of the sulfide liquid precursor to the blebs involved crystallization entirely to mss and subsequent exsolution of isocubanite on cooling or crystallization of mss and formation of residual Cu-rich sulfide liquid. In Kilauea Iki lava lake, the high-temperature history of the sulfide liquid precursor to the olivine-hosted blebs involved crystallization and subsequent unmixing of isocubanite, whereas that of the sulfide liquid precursor to groundmass glass-hosted blebs involved exsolution of bornite solid solution from cubic chalcopyrite + isocubanite and chalcopyrite + isocubanite from bornite solid solution. The presence of pentlandite + chalcopyrite and pentlandite + bornite solid solution suggests that the blebs have equilibrated internally below approximately 600 degrees C. The Ni-rich bulk sulfide composition in the pumice reflects the higher temperature and rate of quenching. The Cu-rich bulk sulfide composition in Kilauea Iki reflects a lower temperature of quenching and more extensive annealing and crystallization history of the lava. The wide variability in bulk sulfide composition in the samples and lack of equilibration with coexisting olivine are inconsistent with an origin solely by early magmatic, sulfide liquid immiscibility. Instead, bulk sulfide compositions reflect late magmatic processes. Blebs in the eruption pumice and Kilauea Iki lava largely represent cooling- and quench-induced segregation of sulfides with metals scavenged from the silicate liquid.
Alternative metrics for characterizing longer-term clinical outcomes in difficult-to-treat depression: II. Sensitivity to treatment effects

Objective: Characteristics of difficult-to-treat depression (DTD), including infrequent symptom remission and poor durability of benefit, compel reconsideration of the outcome metrics historically used to gauge the effectiveness of antidepressant interventions. Methods: Self-report and clinician assessments of depression symptom severity were obtained regularly over a 2-year period in a difficult-to-treat depression registry sample receiving treatment as usual (TAU), with or without vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). Alternative outcome metrics for characterizing symptom change were compared in effect size and discriminating power in distinguishing the vagus nerve stimulation + treatment as usual and treatment as usual treatment groups. We expected metrics based on remission status to produce weaker between-group separation than those based on the classifications of partial response or response and metrics that integrate information over time to produce greater separation than those based on single endpoint assessment. Results: Metrics based on remission status had smaller effect size and poorer discrimination in separating the treatment groups than metrics based on partial response or response classifications. Metrics that integrated information over the 2-year observation period had stronger performance characteristics than those based on symptom scores at single endpoint assessment. For both the clinician-rated and self-report depression ratings, the metrics with the strongest performance characteristics were the median percentage change in symptom scores over the observation period and the proportion of the observation period in partial response or better. Conclusion: In difficult-to-treat depression, integrative symptom severity-based and time-based measures are sensitive and informative outcomes for assessing between-group treatment effects, while metrics based on remission status are not.
GPs’ perceptions of pharmacists working in general practices: A mixed methods survey study

Abstract Background Pharmacists are increasingly incorporated into general practice teams globally and have been shown to positively impact patient outcomes. However, little research to date has focused on determining general practitioners’ (GPs’) perceptions of practice-based pharmacist roles in countries yet to establish such roles. Objectives To explore GPs’ perceptions towards integrating pharmacists into practices and determine if any significant associations were present between GPs’ perceptions and their demographic characteristics. Methods In June 2022, a survey was disseminated to GPs in Ireland via post (n = 500 in Munster region), Twitter, WhatsApp, and an online GP support and education network. Quantitative data were captured through multiple option and Likert-scale questions and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data were captured via free-text boxes, with the open comments analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results A total of 152 valid responses were received (24.6% response to postal survey). Overall, GPs welcomed the role of practice-based pharmacists and perceived that they would increase patient safety. Most agreed with practice pharmacists providing medicine information (98%) vs. 23% agreeing with practice pharmacists prescribing independently. Most agreed they would partake in a practice pharmacist pilot (78.6%). The free-text comments described current pressures in general practice, existing relationships with pharmacists, funding and governance strategies, potential roles for pharmacists in general practice, and anticipated outcomes of such roles. Conclusion This study provides a deeper understanding of GPs’ perceptions of integrating pharmacists into practices and the demographic characteristics associated with different perceptions, which may help better inform future initiatives to integrate pharmacists into practices.
Bullous pemphigoid induced by IgG targeting type XVII collagen non‐NC16A/NC15A extracellular domains is driven by Fc gamma receptor‐ and complement‐mediated effector mechanisms and is ameliorated by neonatal Fc receptor blockade

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease characterized by autoantibodies targeting type XVII collagen (Col17) with the noncollagenous 16A (NC16A) ectodomain representing the immunodominant site. The role of additional extracellular targets of Col17 outside NC16A has not been unequivocally demonstrated. In this study, we showed that Col17 ectodomain‐reactive patient sera depleted in NC16A IgG induced dermal–epidermal separation in a cryosection model indicating the pathogenic potential of anti‐Col17 non‐NC16A extracellular IgG. Moreover, injection of IgG targeting the murine Col17 NC14–1 domains (downstream of NC15A, the murine homologue of human NC16A) into C57BL/6J mice resulted in erythematous skin lesions and erosions. Clinical findings were accompanied by IgG/C3 deposits along the basement membrane and subepidermal blistering with inflammatory infiltrates. Disease development was significantly reduced in either Fc‐gamma receptor (FcγR)‐ or complement‐5a receptor‐1 (C5aR1)‐deficient mice. Inhibition of the neonatal FcR (FcRn), an atypical FcγR regulating IgG homeostasis, with the murine Fc fragment IgG2c‐ABDEG, a derivative of efgartigimod, reduced anti‐NC14–1 IgG levels, resulting in ameliorated skin inflammation compared with isotype‐treated controls. These data demonstrate that the pathogenic effects of IgG targeting the Col17 domain outside human NC16A/murine NC15A are partly attributable to antibody‐mediated FcγR‐ and C5aR1 effector mechanisms while pharmacological inhibition of the FcRn represents a promising treatment for BP. The mouse model of BP will be instrumental in further investigating the role of Col17 non‐NC16A/NC15A extracellular epitopes and validating new therapies for this disease. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Heat and Mass Budgets of the Warm Upper Layer of the Tropical Atlantic Ocean in 1979-99

Abstract The mass and heat budgets of the warm upper-ocean layer are investigated in the equatorial Atlantic using in situ observations during the period 1979–99, which encompassed a series of warm events in the equatorial Atlantic. The warm water layer is defined as the layer having an in situ temperature higher than 20°C, which is within the core of the equatorial thermocline. The geostrophic transport is calculated by combining gridded temperatures with historical salinity data. The Ekman transport is estimated from observed wind data or model- based wind products. The change in warm water volume is then compared with the horizontal mass convergence, and the residuals are determined. The heat budget of the upper layer is investigated in the same way. Three regions are considered: the equatorial band between 8°N and 8°S to study the meridional redistribution of the warm water and two boxes (western and eastern boxes) to investigate the zonal redistribution of the warm water. Mass and heat budget variabi.
Core formation in the shergottite parent body and comparison with the Earth

The mantle of the shergottite parent body (SPB) is depleted relative to the bulk SPB in siderophile and chalcophile elements; these elements are inferred to reside in the SPB's core. Our chemical model of these depletions rests on a physically plausible process of segregation of partially molten metal from partially molten silicates as the SPB grows and is heated above silicate and metallic solidi during accretion. Metallic and silicate phases equilibrate at low pressures as new material is accreted to the SPB surface. Later movement of the metallic phases to the planet's center is so rapid that high-pressure equilibration is insignificant. Partitioning of siderophile and chalcophile elements among solid and liquid metal and silicate determines their abundances in the SPB mantle. Using partition coefficients and the SPB mantle composition determined in earlier studies, we model the abundances of Ag, Au, Co, Ga, Mo, Ni, P, Re, S, and W with free parameters being oxygen fugacity, proportion of solid metal formed, proportion of metallic liquid formed, and proportion of silicate that is molten. Abundances of all elements except Au, Mo, and Re may be reproduced adequately with oxygen fugacity near one log-unit below the iron-wustite buffer, proportion of molten silicate near 0.3, and a core composed of subequal parts of solid and liquid metal constituting approximately 30% of the mass of the SPB. The abundances of Au and Re may be reproduced using different (but still permissible) partition coefficients by invoking a small “chondritic veneer” mixed into the mantle after core formation or by assuming that small fractions of solid and liquid metal are trapped in the mantle during core formation. Molybdenum cannot be modeled adequately; problems may include inaccurate partition coefficients, inaccurate estimation of the abundance of Mo in the SPB mantle and the possibility that the mantle source of the SNC meteorites is not representative of the whole SPB mantle. In contrast to the SPB, there is at present no hypothesis capable of quantitatively reproducing elemental abundances in the earth's mantle. The contrast suggests that these two terrestrial planets may have accreted or differentiated differently, but the cause of such differences is unclear.
Seismic interferometry of teleseicmic S‐wave coda for retrieval of body waves: an application to the Philippine Sea slab underneath the Japanese Islands

SUMMARY The reconstruction of surface waves from the cross-correlation of random wavefields has recently been extensively inspected by theoretical and experimental approaches. However, the reconstruction of body waves has not been extensively studied. In this study, we present a method for extracting body waves, that is, direct P and S waves, and reflected waves from the Philippine Sea slab. We use the cross-correlation of the wavefield generated by the teleseismic S waves observed by Hi-net tiltmeters with a passband of 0.07–0.5 Hz. To enhance the contribution of the S coda, we reduced the source-time function and the deterministic phases sS, ScS and SS, and the surface wave in S coda. The records of the processed S coda observed at every station-pair are cross-correlated for each teleseismic event. The cross-correlation functions (CCFs) of different earthquakes are stacked to retrieve wavefields propagating between the station-pairs. As a result, direct P, S and the reflected waves could be extracted when the stacked CCFs are aligned as a function of distance of separation between two stations. The gradients of the traveltime curves for the direct P and S waves are approximately 5–7 and 3k m s −1 , respectively. These velocities correspond to the seismic velocities of the crust or the P-wave velocity of the uppermost mantle. In order to enhance the reflected waves, we searched for the reflection points by assuming that the later phases in the CCFs are SS reflections and map the amplitudes onto the depth sections. As a result, the negative phases dipping to the north can be traced right below the region of hypocentre distribution. These negative phases probably correspond to the oceanic Moho within the Philippine Sea slab. We also show that the oceanic Moho can also be traced by assuming PP reflections. These results indicate that the CCFs plausibly contain information regarding both P and S waves propagating between the two receivers, and are capable of detecting reflected phases in addition to the direct waves.