Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Memahami desain metode penelitian kualitatif

Tujuan artikel ini untuk memahami desain metode penelitian kualitatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka (library research), pengumpulan data dengan cara mencari sumber dan merkontruksi dari berbagai sumber seperti buku, jurnal, dan riset-riset yang sudah ada. Hasilnya bahwa penelitian kualitatif dilakukan dengan desain penelitian yang temuan-temuannya tidak didapatkan melalui prosedur statistik atau dalam bentuk hitungan, melainkan bertujuan mengungkapkan fenomena secara holistik-kontekstual dengan pengumpulan data dari latar/setting alamiah dan memanfaatkanpeneliti sebagai instrument kunci. Penelitian kualiatif memiliki sifat deskriptif dan cenderung menggunakan analisis pendekatan induktif, sehingga proses dan makna berdasarkan perspektif subyek lebih ditonjolkan dalam penelitian kualitatif ini. Desain penelitian kualitatif ini dapat dijadikan sebagai metode dalam penelitian, karena desainnya dijabarkan secara komprehensif yang mudah untuk dipahami oleh kalangan peneliti dan akademisi. The purpose of this article is to understand the design of qualitative research methods. The method used is library research, data collection by searching for sources, and reconstruction from various sources such as books, journals, and existing researches. The result is that qualitative research is conducted with a research design where the findings are not obtained through statistical procedures or in the form of calculations, but rather aim to reveal phenomena in a holistic-contextual manner by collecting data from natural settings and utilizing the researcher as a key instrument. Qualitative research has a descriptive nature and tends to use an inductive approach analysis so that the process and meaning based on the subject's perspective are emphasized more in this qualitative research. This qualitative research design can be used as a method in research because the design is described in a comprehensive manner that is easy to understand by researchers and academics.
Letter Regarding: Cost of Headless vs Headed Screw Fixation for Calcaneal Osteotomy and Subtalar Arthrodesis

To the Editor: I congratulate the team of Dr Boren and colleagues on publication of their study “Cost of Headless vs Headed Screw Fixation for Calcaneal Osteotomy and Subtalar Arthrodesis,” published in Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics, volume 6(1). Their work presents an interesting analysis of costs associated with hardware removal in calcaneal osteotomy and subtalar arthrodesis cases. The clinical literature is lacking on cost analyses, which assess extended patient care, including revisions and removals, and this work adds muchneeded data in that area. That said, review of the article suggests that it is missing some key information for completeness, and through this Letter to the Editor I would like to request that missing data which would improve the study’s usefulness to the field. The article states that “we compared the rate of nonunion following fixation” and that “secondary outcomes included the rate of nonunion. ” However, the actual rates of nonunion for both screw groups were only explicitly listed for the calcaneal osteotomy patient groups. Although the article states that “There was no difference in the rate of nonunion after subtalar arthrodesis between the 2 groups,” this is a relative or comparative assessment only. The absolute subtalar union rates for both groups should be listed, as that would be far more useful to the field, as it would allow others to “compare and/or contrast their data with data reported in the literature. ” As the rate of nonunion for both procedures is an explicitly listed secondary outcome of the study, it should be explicitly listed in nonrelative values for both screw groups. The article also states that “the secondary outcome measure was the union rate of subtalar arthrodesis as determined by computed tomography (CT) or radiographic review. Successful arthrodesis was defined as >50% fusion mass of the posterior calcaneal facet as determined on 3-mm-cut CT. Radiographic arthrodesis was defined as complete bridging callus or trabeculation across the subtalar joint. ” It would be beneficial for the authors to include how many patients per group were assessed by CT vs radiographs, as well as the union rates as assessed by each imaging modality, as the literature documents somewhat large differences between radiograph-assessed fusion and the more vigorous and accurate 3-dimensional CT-assessed fusion. For example, in one recent study, an internal comparison showed that radiograph-based fusion rates were more than 30% higher than CT-assessed fusion rates. Addition of both the explicit subtalar union rates and the fusion assessment breakdown should not pose a significant burden to the authors, as the data needed should already be available as listed in the current article. The addition of this information should strengthen the article and make it more relevant for assessment both on its own and in comparison to other previously published clinical data.
PENGARUH MANAJEMEN LABA DAN FINANCIAL DISTRESS TERHADAP AGRESIVITAS PAJAK PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DI INDONESIA

Various methods are used to maintain profits, including minimizing the tax burden. For companies, tax is an expense that has a significant effect on reduced profits. So, taking concrete steps to reduce tax payments is a must. In fact, this study tries to analyze the factors that are usually carried out by companies in minimizing tax payments. For this reason, quantitative methods are used with multiple linear regression analysis. The companies used as research samples are manufactures listed on the Indonesian stock exchange, with a total of 56 data. The results confirm that the action to reduce tax payments made by the company is generally classified as planned. However, the actions taken were taking into account the applicable tax regulations, namely by taking advantage of an unstable financial situation and controlling operating profit. In other words, it is possible to reduce tax costs in the manufacturing sector, because there are many gaps in business operations.
Application of Matrix Approach for Evaluation and Assessment the Potential of Recreational Ecosystem Service in Model Regions in Slovakia

Recreation and tourism are important for economic growth and human wellbeing. They are directly related to the cultural services provided by ecosystems. Recreational services, as part of tourism, have the greatest potential for development within the sector of services in the Slovak economy, and they are able to generate a significant number of new jobs especially in small rural regions. There is a gap in the literature providing assessments of geographically small regions in relation to their potential to provide different types of ecosystem services. The aim of the article was to evaluate and assess the recreational potential of ecosystem services in two small pilot regions of the Slovak Republic, Brezno district and Krupina district. Modified matrix of indices was used. Results showed that Brezno district has a higher area of ecosystems with a higher potential for recreation, therefore the conditions for recreation and tourism are much better in comparison to Krupina district. However, the use of recreation potential in Brezno district is negatively affected by the availability of sites and transport options, which is reflected in a lower ratio of visitors to the capacity of recreation potential. This finding opens up discussion about opportunities to create new jobs within sustainable tourism in Brezno district. This study provides an alternative view to the assessment and evaluation of the recreational potential of ecosystem services in small regions. Moreover, the methodology developed in this paper is replicable and could be applied by planners using geographical information systems.
Crash- and Simulation-Based Safety Performance Evaluation of Freeway Rest Area

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the safety effects caused by altering the lengths of deceleration and acceleration lanes at rest areas on expressways in Korea. Although general conclusions can be found through crash-based safety analysis, to examine more specific optimal conditions considering various traffic conditions, this study proposes a novel framework to explore and evaluate crash-based and simulation-based safety performances. For this purpose, the safety performance function (SPF) and crash modification factor (CMF) were developed to reflect real-world safety impacts. To consider nonlinear trends of the parameters, nonlinearizing link functions were introduced into the analysis. Two types of simulation analyses were conducted to (1) find the combination of surrogate safety measures (SSMs) that best fit with the crash-based safety performance results and (2) determine the optimal lengths of deceleration lane and acceleration lanes for different traffic conditions. The results showed that the best length of deceleration lane of a rest area is between 240 and 260 m, depending on the traffic conditions. The results also indicated that the optimal length of acceleration lane of a rest area is between 385 and 400 m, depending on the traffic parameters. The findings of this study could be used to determine the safety solutions with a micro-traffic simulator.
Excess Body Weight and Abdominal Hernia

Background: Obese patients have an increased incidence of ventral hernias; in over 50% of these cases, patients are symptomatic. At the same time, morbid obesity is a disease of epidemic proportions. The combination of symptomatic hernia and obesity is a challenge for the treating surgeon, because the risk of perioperative complications and recurrence increases with increasing BMI. Summary: This review outlines this problem and discusses interdisciplinary approaches to the management of affected patients. In emergency cases, the hernia is treated according to the surgeon’s expertise. In elective cases, an individual decision must be made whether bariatric surgery is indicated before hernia repair or whether both should be performed simultaneously. After bariatric surgery a weight reduction of 25–30% of total body weight in the first year can be achieved and it is often advantageous to perform a bariatric operation prior to hernia repair. Technically, the risk of complications is lower with minimally invasive procedures than with open ones, but laparoscopy is challenging in obese patients, and meshes can only be implanted in intraperitoneal position. This mesh position has to be questioned because of adhesions, recurrence rate, and risk of contamination during re-interventions in patients who are often still relatively young. Key Messages: Obese patients with hernia need to be approached in an interdisciplinary manner, in some patients a weight loss procedure may be advantageous before hernia repair. Recent data show the benefits of robotic hernia surgery in obese patients, as not only haptic advantages result, but especially the mesh can be implanted in a variety of extraperitoneal positions in the abdominal wall with low morbidity.
A Systematic Study on the Degradation Products Generated from Artificially Aged Microplastics

Most of the analytical studies focused on microplastics (MPs) are based on the detection and identification of the polymers constituting the particles. On the other hand, plastic debris in the environment undergoes chemical and physical degradation processes leading not only to mechanical but also to molecular fragmentation quickly resulting in the formation of leachable, soluble and/or volatile degradation products that are released in the environment. We performed the analysis of reference MPs–polymer micropowders obtained by grinding a set of five polymer types down to final size in the 857–509 μm range, namely high- and low-density polyethylene, polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The reference MPs were artificially aged in a solar-box to investigate their degradation processes by characterizing the aged (photo-oxidized) MPs and their low molecular weight and/or highly oxidized fraction. For this purpose, the artificially aged MPs were subjected to extraction in polar organic solvents, targeting selective recovery of the low molecular weight fractions generated during the artificial aging. Analysis of the extractable fractions and of the residues was carried out by a multi-technique approach combining evolved gas analysis–mass spectrometry (EGA–MS), pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py–GC–MS), and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The results provided information on the degradation products formed during accelerated aging. Up to 18 wt% of extractable, low molecular weight fraction was recovered from the photo-aged MPs, depending on the polymer type. The photo-degradation products of polyolefins (PE and PP) included a wide range of long chain alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and hydroxy acids, as detected in the soluble fractions of aged samples. SEC analyses also showed a marked decrease in the average molecular weight of PP polymer chains, whereas cross-linking was observed in the case of PS. The most abundant low molecular weight photo-degradation products of PS were benzoic acid and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, while PET had the highest stability towards aging, as indicated by the modest generation of low molecular weight species.
DAMPAK MATERIALISME, PENGENDALIAN DIRI DAN MOTIVASI PADA PERILAKU PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN KELUARGA

This study aimed to analyze the impact of Materialism, Self-Control and Motivation on the Behavior of Family Financial Management in East Penfui Village, Center Kupang District, Kupang Regency. This type of research used survey method, with a qualitative description approach. Data collection techniques used in the form of observation, questionnaires and interviews. The population in this study was the residents of Dusun 1 East Penfui Village with the total of 318 families (KK). The sample of research using purposive sampling and Slovin formula. The sample of research taken as many as 76 respondents. The results of this study indicated that Materialism, Self-Control and Motivation behave well to the Financial Management of families in the Dusun 1 East Penfui Village. Keywords : Materialism, Self-Control, Motivation, Financial Management Behavior
The Cuyano proto-ocean between the Chilenia and Cuyania terranes: rifting and plume interaction during the Neoproterozoic – early Palaeozoic evolution of the SW Gondwana margin

Abstract The Precordillera mafic–ultramafic belt (PMUB), located in central-western Argentina, comprises mafic and ultramafic bodies interlayered and/or in tectonic contact with marine siliciclastic units. Whole-rock, mineral geochemistry and Nd–Sr isotope analyses performed in magmatic rocks suggest a relatively different spatial and temporal evolution along the belt. The southern PMUB (south of 32° S) evolved as an intra-continental rifted margin with an enriched mid-ocean-ridge basalt (E-MORB) tholeiitic to alkaline magmatism, to a proto-ocean basin (the Cuyano proto-ocean) with tholeiitic normal-MORB geochemical signature. Based on neodymium model ages (TDM), the magmatic activity started during the late Neoproterozoic Era and continued into the early Palaeozoic Era. Instead, the northern PMUB (28–32° S) evolved as an intra-continental rifted margin with dominant tholeiitic E-MORB to continental flood basalt (CFB) magmatism during the early Palaeozoic Era. ϵNd values (+3.4 to +8.4), rare earth element trends and high-field-strength element systematics, together with an estimated potential mantle temperature of c. 50–100°C above ambient mantle, suggest the PMUB magmatism derived from an enriched mantle source related to the effect of a rising plume linked to the Iapetus Ocean opening. In particular, TDM estimations of 600–550 Ma agree with reported magmatism in central to southern Appalachians. The magmatism in the PMUB, and those registered in the Neoproterozoic Catoctin Formation and in the Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen in the conjugated Laurentian margin, seem to be contemporaneous, sharing a similar plume-enriched mantle source. In this context, the E-MORB signature identified along the PMUB can be described as a plume-distal ridge tectonic setting over an extended margin.
Enzyme augmentation of a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor : effects on solids hydrolysis and membrane fouling

v LIST OF TABLES . ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . x LIST OF FIGURES . xi LIST OF PUBLICATIONS . xv CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1. Introduction . 1 1.2. Scope and objectives . 5 1.3. Organization of thesis . 5 1.4. References . 6 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 8 2.1. AnMBRs for municipal wastewater treatment . 8 2.2. Enhancing hydrolysis of organic solids in municipal wastewater . 11 2.3. Fouling mitigation in AnMBRs . 14 2.4. References . 20 CHAPTER 3: OPTIMIZATION OF ANAEROBIC HYDROLYSIS IN MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT WITH EMPHASIS ON ENZYME AUGMENTATION . 25 3.
Conservation status of the Italian flora under the 92/43/EEC ‘Habitats’ Directive

Abstract The results of the 4th National Report for the Italian flora under the 92/43/EEC ‘Habitats’ Directive are presented. The outcomes showed a general negative conservation status for plant species, with the worst situation being in the Mediterranean bioregion. At the National level, significant monitoring and conservation activities are required.
Mechanism(s) of Glyphosate Resistance in a Selected Plantago lanceolata (L.) R Biotype

In 2003, a glyphosate-resistant plantago (Plantago lanceolata L.) population located in the Robertson district of South Africa was subjected to different glyphosate dosages and the highest dosage (7200 g a.e. ha−1) gave no acceptable levels of control. Here we reconfirm resistance and investigate the mechanism of glyphosate resistance. Dose-response curves indicated that the glyphosate dosage rate causing 50% survival (LD50) for the resistant (R) biotype is 43 times greater than for the susceptible (S) biotype, i.e., 43-fold resistant to glyphosate. Investigation into the molecular mechanism of plantago showed shikimate accumulation of the R biotype was lower than that of the S biotype. The reported 31P and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra show rapid glyphosate translocation into the young untreated leaves of the S biotype. No glyphosate translocation was observed in the R biotype. A point mutation in the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene, resulting in an amino acid substitution was also observed, indicating two unique glyphosate resistance mechanisms within the R biotype. The rapid evolution of glyphosate-resistant weeds threatens the usage of the world’s most important herbicide (glyphosate), which is essential in world food production and further limits grower options for weed control. New weed management strategies will be necessary to combat plantago R biotypes.
The Response of Cockerel Semen Kinematic Parameters LIN, STR, WOB, ALH and BCF to Induced Oxidative Stress

Computer-assisted sperm class analyser (CASA) analysis of avian semen following cryopreservation indicates that their semen motility and viability parameters become compromised, due in part to oxidative stress. To mimic these observations we have treated cockerel semen with an oxidative stress inducing agent, namely hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and monitored the motility, kinematic and viability parameters over time. Briefly, five healthy and fertile South African Venda cockerels were selected and their semen was collected using the abdominal massage technique. The semen was then treated with H2O2 at 0 &microM, 5 &microM, 50 &microM and 200 &microM concentrations for 0, 3, 16 and 24 hrs. The semen motility, kinematic and viability parameters were then determined using the CASA system while the viability was determined using the SYBR-14/PI staining. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was determined to test the relationships between the levels of induced oxidative stress, period of exposure to oxidative stress inducing agent and the motility plus kinematic parameters. Our data revealed that in raw cockerel semen, there was high and positive correlations between total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM), rapid (RAP), curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL) and average path velocity (VAP) while the kinematic parameters LIN, STR, WOB, ALH and BCF had low or negative correlations with them. Furthermore, TM, PM, RAP, VCL and VSL remained highly and positively correlated with the induced oxidative stress and also, linearity (LIN), straightness (STR), wobble (WOB), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) and beat cross frequency (BCF) remained negatively correlated with the induced oxidative stress, after 3 hrs. After 24 hrs, TM, PM, RAP, VCL, VSL, VAP and ALH, became negatively correlated with the induced oxidative stress while LIN, STR, WOB and BCF became positively correlated with the induced oxidative stress. Conversely, when the H2O2 concentration used was correlated with motility and kinematic parameters over time, TM, PM, RAP, VCL, VSL, VAP became negatively correlated with oxidative stress while LIN, STR, WOB, ALH and BCF show negative or low correlations with the induced oxidative stress. This data indicates that LIN, STR, WOB, BCF and to some extend ALH, reveal the least correlations with the induced oxidative stress under persistent oxidative stress conditions in cockerel semen. In conclusion, cockerel semen, like buck semen, does not easily succumb to oxidative stress since the raw semen correlations of CASA analysed parameters are comparable to these observed after 3 hrs of H2O2 treatment. In addition, the oxidative stress levels tolerated by cockerel semen should not 5 &microM H2O2 oxidative stress levels. Lastly, lack of correlation between LIN, STR, WOB, BCF and ALH and induced oxidative stress can be used in cockerel semen to show intolerable cryopreservation conditions.
From Substance to Image: The Role of Media in Megaprojects Execution Arena

Abstract The goal of this study is to understand the role of media in megaprojects, specifically, how the media impacted the Rio 2016 Olympic Games. The data was collected from four of the leading newspapers in the USA, England, and Brazil. Interviews were conducted with project team members. Twelve issues that impacted the Games were identified and analyzed according to megaproject sublime dimensions and megaproject symbolic dimensions. We concluded that the media portrayed the management of Rio 2016 in a negative light. The twelve issues were grouped into three dimensions: unpredictable risks, scope-related problems, and corruption issues. The study contributes to our understanding of megaevents and megaprojects from a different perspective.
Kinetics of Esterification of Acetic Acid with Methanol in the Presence of Ion Exchange Resin Catalysts

Esterification kinetics of acetic acid with methanol was studied with solid acid catalyst in an isothermal batch reactor at 333–353 K. Different types of ion exchange catalyst (Indion 130, Indion 190, and Amberlyst 15 wet) were used for the esterification of acetic acid. It was found that Indion 130 was an effective catalyst for acetic acid esterification. The effects of stirrer speed, reaction temperature, initial reactant concentration, and catalyst loading on reaction rate were investigated and optimized. Temperature dependence of the reaction rates and activation energies was determined by an Arrhenius plot. A complete kinetic equation for describing the reaction catalyzed by Indion 130 was developed. This equation can be used in the simulation and design of the catalytic distillation column for the synthesis of methyl acetate.