Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Levels and Partitioning of Genetic Diversity in Populations of Eurya japonica and Eurya emarginata (Theaceae) in Korea and Japan

To evaluate the levels of allozyme diversity within and genetic differentiation among populations of Eurya japonica and Eurya emarginata in Korea and Japan, we analyzed allozymes from 1431 samples. Both at population and species levels, E. japonica (mean expected heterozygosity, \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $$H_{\mathrm{e}\,}=0.263$$ \end{document} and 0.294) and E. emarginata (0.232 and 0.270) maintain high levels of genetic diversity. Although Korean populations of the two species are located at the edges of their distributions, significant differences in genetic diversity were not found between populations in Japan and Korea. The mean proportion of genetic diversity, or GST, found among 20 populations (0.072) of E. japonica was very similar to that found among five Korean (0.069) and 15 Japanese populations (0.062). The results indicate that there is low allozyme differentiation between populations in Japan and Korea, even though the land connection between the southern Korean peninsula and southern Japanese archipelagos has not existed since the middle Pleistocene. However, the mean GST among seven populations (0.186) of E. emarginata was higher than that found among two Korean (0.109) and five Japanese populations (0.124). The high levels of allozyme differentiation among populations of E. emarginata may in part be attributed to small isolated populations and specialized habitats in Korea and Japan. For conservation purposes, we suggest that at least four populations of E. emarginata should be sampled or conserved to capture or maintain 99% of the genetic diversity in this region.
Are Micro and Macro Labor Supply Elasticities Consistent? A Review of Evidence on the Intensive and Extensive Margins

We evaluate whether state-of-the-art macro models featuring indivisible labor are consistent with modern quasi-experimental micro evidence by synthesizing evidence on both the intensive and extensive margins. We find that micro estimates are consistent with macro estimates of the steady-state (Hicksian) elasticities relevant for cross-country comparisons on both the extensive and intensive margins. However, micro estimates of intertemporal substitution (Frisch) elasticities are an order of magnitude smaller than the values needed to explain business cycle fluctuations in aggregate hours by preferences. The key puzzle to be resolved is why micro and macro estimates of the Frisch extensive margin elasticity are so different.
Daedalus: a low-flying spacecraft for in situ exploration of the lower thermosphere–ionosphere

Abstract. The Daedalus mission has been proposed to the European Space Agency (ESA) in response to the call for ideas for the Earth Observation program's 10th Earth Explorer. It was selected in 2018 as one of three candidates for a phase-0 feasibility study. The goal of the mission is to quantify the key electrodynamic processes that determine the structure and composition of the upper atmosphere, the gateway between the Earth's atmosphere and space. An innovative preliminary mission design allows Daedalus to access electrodynamics processes down to altitudes of 150 km and below. Daedalus will perform in situ measurements of plasma density and temperature, ion drift, neutral density and wind, ion and neutral composition, electric and magnetic fields, and precipitating particles. These measurements will unambiguously quantify the amount of energy deposited in the upper atmosphere during active and quiet geomagnetic times via Joule heating and energetic particle precipitation, estimates of which currently vary by orders of magnitude between models and observation methods. An innovation of the Daedalus preliminary mission concept is that it includes the release of subsatellites at low altitudes: combined with the main spacecraft, these subsatellites will provide multipoint measurements throughout the lower thermosphere–ionosphere (LTI) region, down to altitudes below 120 km, in the heart of the most under-explored region in the Earth's atmosphere. This paper describes Daedalus as originally proposed to the ESA.
SAGA: A Fast Incremental Gradient Method With Support for Non-Strongly Convex Composite Objectives

In this work we introduce a new optimisation method called SAGA in the spirit of SAG, SDCA, MISO and SVRG, a set of recently proposed incremental gradient algorithms with fast linear convergence rates. SAGA improves on the theory behind SAG and SVRG, with better theoretical convergence rates, and has support for composite objectives where a proximal operator is used on the regulariser. Unlike SDCA, SAGA supports non-strongly convex problems directly, and is adaptive to any inherent strong convexity of the problem. We give experimental results showing the effectiveness of our method.
Differences of tear film osmolarity between two time-points of the day in healthy subjects

Purpose: Tear film hyperosmolarity is considered one the core mechanism of the dry eye along with the tear film stability. Many tear physiological variables oscillate during the day. This study was designed to assess the differences in tear film osmolarity between morning and afternoon in a group of healthy subjects. Materials and methods: A total of 25 healthy subjects who fulfilled the study’s inclusion criteria were enrolled for the study. Tear osmolarity was measured using the TearLab™ system in two separated sessions, at 9.30 am and 6.30 pm. A paired t-test and a Bland–Altman test were used to assess the differences between sessions. Results: Tear osmolarity (mean ± SD) was 309.96 ± 9.00 and 296.48 ± 12.98 mOsm/l at 9.30 am and 6.30 pm, respectively, being significantly lower at 6.30 pm than at 9.30 am (mean difference ± SD = 13.48 ± 8.69 mOsm/l; paired t-test; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tear film osmolarity does appear to have some influence by the time of day in healthy patients.
Effects of size, culling and social history on growth of cultured elvers, Anguilla anguilla (L.)

The growth of newly-caught elvers was measured after they were separated into four size categories and induced to feed. All sizes grew equally well, indicating that size differences at capture reflected migration history rather than the presence of genetically poor or good growers. Socially experienced groups of elvers of equivalent size grew, on average, less well due to the presence of socially suppressed fish and fish that did not respond so well to handling or a new social environment. Replicate groups of rapidly-growing elvers were culled at either 2- or 4-weekly intervals. The large animals removed were replaced by animals of modal size and the growth of selected residual size groups was compared to unculled control groups. Culling tended to increase the instantaneous growth coefficient of remaining small elvers but the added elvers of modal size may have exerted a disproportionate influence on mean growth rates. The effect of large elvers on the growth of small elvers (and vice versa) was monitored using fish labelled subcutaneously with acrylic paint. Separate populations of elvers of each size group were used as controls. After 82 days in mixed populations, about 36% of the original large fish had been’ overtaken’ by small category fish. The results suggested that, following disturbance, the expression of growth in elvers was not necessarily related to size or previous hierarchical position but may be governed by behavioural or physiological responses to handling and changed social environments.
Immune Responses to Birch during the First Seven Pollen Seasons of Life

Background: Exposure to allergens early in life may have an impact on the incidence of allergy many years later, but the kinetics of the immune responses have still not been studied prospectively. Therefore, we wanted to study the development of immune responses of the Th1 and Th2 type to birch over the first pollen seasons. Material and Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 21 prospectively followed children during the second to the seventh pollen season of life. IgG subclass antibodies to rBet v 1 were analyzed by ELISA, IgE antibodies to birch with Magic LiteTM and birch-induced mononuclear cell proliferation by 3H-thymidine incorporation. Results: Proliferative responses and IgG1 antibodies were commonly seen both in children with and without allergic symptoms and sensitization to birch. Most nonsensitized children had a transient IgG4 antibody response, which was downregulated after the third pollen season, while the titers of this Th2-associated subclass increased with age in sensitized children with clinical symptoms to birch. Conclusions: Immune responses to birch can be demonstrated in children regardless of atopic status. A transient early Th2-like response is downregulated after the third pollen season in nonatopic but not atopic children.
THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF TRAKYA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE

Aims: It has been long suspected that the cannabinoid system participates in the antinociceptive effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. We studied the possible effects of cannabinoid receptor antagonism on diclofenac-induced antinociception in the writhing test in mice. Methods: In our study, male BALB/c mice, weighing 20-30 g, were used. Writhing responses were produced by intraperitoneal injection of 0.6% acetic acid. Different doses of diclofenac (3, 10, 30 mg/kg, i.p.) were tested, then the influence of AM-251 (1 mg/kg, i.p.), a cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist and AM-630 (3 mg/kg, i.p.), a cannabinoid CB2 receptor antagonist on the antinociceptive effects of diclofenac was studied. Results: Diclofenac administration elicited a significant, dose-dependent antinociceptive response; however, neither the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist AM-251 nor the cannabinoid CB2 receptor antagonist AM-630 had any influence on the antinociceptive effect of diclofenac. Conclusion: Iinhibition of cannabinoid receptors does not contribute to the antinociceptive action of systemic diclofenac. Further studies are needed to explain the antinociceptive mechanism of diclofenac.
EFFECT OF STORAGE TIME ON WEED SEEDLING EMERGENCE AND NUTRIENT RELEASE IN CATTLE MANURE

An experiment to determine weed spectrum, weed seedling numbers, temperature and nutrient changes in manure heaped for one to five months was undertaken over two seasons. Weed seedling numbers in manure heaped for one to five months decreased significa ntly by 65–70%. The weed spectrum comprised 17 broadleaf weed species of which Amaranthus hybridus, Leucas martinicensis and Nicandra physalodes were most prevalent. There were six grasses with Eleusine indica and Cynodon dactylon being dominant. Temperature increased from 20 °C in the unheaped manure to averages of 34 and 42 °C in manure heaped for three and five months respectively in the two seasons. In both season s nitrogen and potassium became more available as the period of manure heaping increased while phosphorus decreased. It was concluded that heaping manure for three months significantly reduces weed seed viability and enhances the availability of some nutr ients.
Risk based capital for health insurers in Colombia

Defining the optimal capital requirements for health insurers is a matter of interest for policy-makers. Capital requirements in the health sector are related to the minimum number of enrollees per health insurer, conditional on their health characteristics and their geographical location. In this paper we develop a methodology for estimating the expected loss per health insurer in the statutory health care system of Colombia after considering their specific risk profile and the capitation formula with which they are paid. We assume the expected loss follows a normal distribution within risk pools consisting of a unique combination of long-term disease, age, gender, and location, and then define the minimum capital requirement of each insurer as the 1st quantile of its loss distribution. Our results show that under normal expenditures with ex-ante morbidity risk adjustment using long-term disease groups, the majority of health insurers should reduce capital when paid with the current government capitation formula, which reimburses only on demographic variables. But for the riskier insurers, capital requirements are significantly higher under the current capitation payment formula, compared to the capital if payments were conditional on longterm diseases.
Studies in the Liagoraceae (Nemaliales, Rhodophyta) I. The genus Trichogloea

The calcified, though strongly mucosoid gametophytes of Trichogloea (Nemaliales, Liagoraceae) usually appear seasonally for a short period in tropical and subtropical regions. Vegetative and reproductive characteristics of the presently recognized species, Trichogloea requienii (Mont.) Kützing (the generitype), Trichogloea lubrica J. Agardh, and Trichogloea herveyi W. R. Taylor, are described and compared. In addition, the identities of two previously synonymized species, Trichogloea jadinii Børgesen and Trichogloea javensis B0rgesen are clarified. Species of the genus display considerable variation in habit and branching patterns, necessitating an assessment of reproductive structures for accurate identification. Reliable features of Trichogloea include the structure of the medulla and the cortical (assimilatory) filaments, location and structure of carpogonial branches and spermatangia, and the nature of sterile filaments in the vicinity of the cystocarp. Secondary features include both external and internal branching pattern, and the proportion of calcium carbonate to lubricous material, the latter having to be assessed from fresh collections. The present study provides a comparative morphological account of the species of Trichogloea. As a result, T. requienii, T. lubrica, T. herveyi are confirmed as independent species; T. jadinii is removed from synonymy with T. lubrica and placed in that of T. requienii, and T. javensis is confirmed as a synonym of Izziella orientalis (J. Agardh) Huisman et Schils.
Preliminary report on attracting fish by oyster-shell plantings in Chincoteague Bay, Maryland

Oyster-shell plantings were made on formerly productive bottom to determine the practicability of securing an oyster set in this area and to test the hypothesis that the availability of game fish could be improved by artificially modifying the habitat in Chincoteague Bay, Maryland. Fish populations were trapped over planted and unplanted control areas with the same effort from August to November in 1958 and 1959. Fourteen species of saltwater fish were recorded in the planted and control areas, of which the black sea bass,Centropristes striatus, was the dominant species.
Hyaluronic Acid Potentiates the Renoprotective Effects of Wharton Jelly –Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells In a rat Model of Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

The present study investigated the effects of combination of hyaluronic acid (HA) and Wharton Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) on renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. 120 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 5 equal groups; a) sham operated, b) I/R (45 min left renal ischemia), c) HA group (0.04-0.08 ml of HA, 2-3 injections on lateral aspect of left kidney just after renal ischemia, d) WJ-MSCs-treated group (as control with 1 ×10 MSCs suspended in 0.15 ml complete medium on lateral aspect of left kidney after ischemia time) and e) WJ-MSCs + HA group (as control with HA and WHMSCs). WJ-MSCs group showed significant decrease in serum creatinine, urinary proteins and kidney morphology with significant increase in creatinine clearance (p< 0.05). Moreover, HA +WJ-MSCs group showed more significant decrease in serum creatinine, urinary proteins and kidney morphology with more significant increase in creatinine clearance than WJ-MSCs group (p<0.05). We concluded that HA potentiates the renoprotective effect of WJ-MSCs against renal I/R injury probably by increasing its homing in injured tissues.
Employer Policies and the Immigrant-Native Earnings Gap

We use longitudinal data from the income tax system to study the impacts of firms' employment and wage-setting policies on the level and change in immigrant-native wage differences in Canada. We focus on immigrants who arrived in the early 2000s, distinguishing between those with and without a college degree from two broad groups of countries – the U.S., the U.K. and Northern Europe, and the rest of the world. Consistent with a growing literature based on the two-way fixed effects model of Abowd, Kramarz, and Margolis (1999), we find that firm-specific wage premiums explain a significant share of earnings inequality in Canada and contribute to the average earnings gap between immigrants and natives. In the decade after receiving permanent status, earnings of immigrants rise relative to those of natives. Compositional effects due to selective outmigration and changing participation play no role in this gain. About one-sixth is attributable to movements up the job ladder to employers that offer higher pay premiums for all groups, with particularly large gains for immigrants from the "rest of the world" countries.
Odonata (Insecta) from Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Central Brazil: Information on species distribution and new records

Odonates are found in all freshwater environments, and are specially species rich in tropical freshwater ecosystems. Currently about 800 odonate species are known to Brazil, but only 29% of the Brazil territory have been surveyed for this group. Here we provide a species list with information on distribution and new records for Odonata in nine streams in Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Central Brazil. We used the scan procedure with a fixed area for three days in each stream between 10:00 and 14:00h. We collected 1038 dragonfly specimens belonging to 67 species, which represents 8% of the known Brazil odonate fauna. Additionally, five new records for the study area are presented.
THE EFFECT OF STRESS-SENSIBILITIES PIETRAIN BOARS ON CARCASS VALUES OF FINAL HYBRID PIGS

The aim of our study was to quantify the influence of the fathers‘ genotype in RYR1 gene on the carcass of pigs. A total of 597 market pigs originating from crossbreeds (Czech Large White x Czech Landrace) x Pietrain, fattened under common conditions of large-capacity pig farm were slaughtered, weighted, measured and evaluated by FOM appliance. The slaughtered pigs were classified into groups of homozygous dominant genotype, heterozygous genotype and homozygous recessive genotype according to the father’s genotype. The heaviest carcass and the highest muscling reached the pigs with nn genotype which had the thinnest layer of meat at the same time. The highest fat thickness and carcass length reached pigs with heterozygous genotype and the lowest value of pH1. The differences between these qualitative characteristics were statistically significant among the groups. The obtained results suggest the possibility of using a suitable genotype of RYR1 gene to produce high quality commercial pigs.
Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy displays signatures of structural odering in peptide aggregates

In the presence of lipid bilayers, the hexapeptide AcWL5 forms membrane-bound aggregates dominated by b-secondary structure and is thus a usefulmodel for the onset of peptide aggregation inmembraneenvironments. Two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectra in the amide I region for aggregates of AcWL5 peptides with single isotopic labels provide new insight into the residue-level structural ordering of the aggregated peptides. Separation of spectral information along two axes provides clear indications of the band frequencies and relative intensities, which together are an indication of extended amide coupling networks across structural regions of a particular size. The lowered anharmonicities, relative to free peptide, and the narrow, homogeneous lineshapes of the 2D IR peaks indicate the delocalization of vibrational modes through an ordered structure whose flexibility varies with relative peptide concentration. Crosspeaks between delocalized transitions can be used to estimate the strength of the coupling interactions between neighboring residues. The sensitivity of 2D IR spectra to residue-level structural ordering shows that 2D IR spectroscopy is a powerful technique for probing structures formed during the onset of peptide aggregation.
Changes in Blood Chemistry and Critical Swimming Speed of Largemouth Bass, Micropterus salmoides, with Physical Conditioning

Abstract Physical conditioning at swimming speeds of 2 and 3 body lengths per second for periods up to 30 days increased critical swimming speed by as much as 15% over that found for unconditioned fish. Haemoglobin increased significantly with conditioning, suggesting an enhancement of aerobic capacity. Conditioning did not, in general, increase the production of lactate dehydrogenase in blood serum. Following periods of swimming at critical speeds, blood volume decreased in unconditioned bass but with conditioning remained relatively stable.
THE ROLE OF ROOTS IN THE NUTRITION OF AQUATIC VASCULAR PLANTS

A B S T R A C T Rooted stems of three aquatic species were cultured in a two-compartment apparatus which allowed the upper and lower portions of the stem to be kept in different nutrient solutions. p32 was supplied to either the upper or lower compartment. At the end of a 10-day growth period, the specific activity of phosphate was determined in axillary shoots which developed during the course of the experiment from buds in the upper compartment. The results indicated that most of the phosphate in these shoots was not absorbed from the ambient medium but was derived from the rooted stem base in the lower compartment (over 90 % in Myriophyllum brasiliense, 59 % in M. spicatum, and 74 % in Elodea densa). These results give a very different but probably more accurate picture of phosphate absorption in rooted aquatic vascular plants than short-term experiments, in which phosphate is readily taken up from the ambient medium by leaves of M. spicatum and E. densa. In M. brasiliense the amount of phosphate translocated is related to the mass of roots present. Evidence is presented that normal growth of axillary shoots occurs even when all mineral ions have to be obtained by translocation from the lower compartment.
A New Thaumastosaurus (Anura: Familia Incertae Sedis) from the Late Eocene of England, with Remarks on the Taxonomic and Zoogeographic Relationships of the Genus

Abstract Anuran maxillary, squamosal, and ilial elements from the Late Eocene of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight in southern coastal England represent a new species, Thaumastosaurus wardi, of this previously monotypic genus. Teeth, represented for the first time in the fossil record of this genus, are of the pedicellate type but appear to have specialized swollen tooth crowns. Based on the unique pit and ridge sculpturing of the cranial bones, the pedicellate teeth, and ilial characters of Thaumastosaurus, the genus resembles the leptodactylid genus Caudiverbera (Telmatobiinae) of the modern fauna of Chile and the Miocene of Argentina. It is suggested, however, that Thaumastosaurus should be considered of uncertain familial relationships (familia incertae sedis) until adequate material becomes available.