Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A clinico-epidemiological study of dermatoses in pediatric HIV patients in a tertiary care center

Introduction: Cutaneous lesions are very common in pediatric HIV infection, and many of the dermatoses are linked to the underlying levels of CD4 counts. Aims: The primary aim was to study the clinico-epidemiological patterns of dermatoses in pediatric HIV infection, and the secondary aim was to ascertain if any dermatoses is a marker of HIV infection. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive, 1-year study. All data regarding the clinico-epidemiological features of pediatric HIV patients in the study period were analyzed. Results: There were 65 patients in this study, comprising 44 males (67.69%) and 21 females (32.31%). The age group 7–12 constituted the maximum number of cases, 35 (53.84%). Parental to child transmission was the most common mode of transmission seen in 54 patients, (83.07%). Cutaneous manifestations were seen in 43 patients (66.15%). Exaggerated insect bite reaction (IBR) was the most common cutaneous manifestation seen in this study accounting for 19 patients (29.23%), with a mean CD4 count in patients in the age group 1–5 being 425 cells/mm3 and 212 cells/mm3 in the age group 6–12. Conclusions: IBR in pediatric HIV infection indicates very low CD4 counts and in the absence of other caused for immunosuppression can be a marker of HIV infection.
Net legitimacy: internet and social media exposure and attitudes toward the police

Abstract Prior research suggests that exposure to adverse news stories involving the police negatively impacts consumers’ attitudes toward these actors. Yet, most investigations have neglected to examine contemporary media diets, such as online consumption and engagement, and attitudes toward the police. Using a sample of mostly young adults, the current study contributes to the media effects literature by examining the relationships between online (Internet and social media) consumption and engagement and attitudes toward police legitimacy. Results indicate that consuming negative police stories on the Internet is associated with perceiving the police as less legitimate. Furthermore, this relationship varies by political ideology but not race. Findings and direction for future research are discussed.
Geogrid Stabilization of Unbound Aggregates Evaluated Through Bender Element Shear Wave Measurement in Repeated Load Triaxial Testing

This paper describes the use of the bender element (BE) shear wave measurement technology for quantifying the effectiveness of geogrid stabilization of unbound aggregate materials with improved mechanical properties from repeated load triaxial testing. Crushed stone aggregate specimens were prepared with three different gradations, that is, upper bound (UB), mid-range engineered (ENG), and lower bound, according to the dense graded base course gradation specification in Illinois. The specimens were compacted at modified Proctor maximum dry densities and optimum moisture contents. Two geogrids with different triaxial aperture sizes were placed at specimen mid-height, and unstabilized specimens with no geogrid were also prepared for comparison. To measure shear wave velocity, three BE pairs were placed at different heights above geogrid. Repeated load triaxial tests were conducted following the AASHTO T307 standard resilient modulus test procedure, while shear wave velocity was measured from the installed BE pairs. After initial specimen conditioning, and at low, intermediate, and high applied stress states, both the resilient moduli and accumulated permanent strains were determined to relate to the geogrid local stiffening effects in the specimens quantified by the measured shear wave velocities. The resilient modulus and shear wave velocity trends exhibited a directly proportional relationship, whereas permanent strain and shear wave velocity values were inversely related. The enhancement ratios calculated for the geogrid stabilized over the unstabilized specimens showed significant improvements in mechanical behavior for the UB and ENG gradations, and a maximum enhancement was achieved for the engineered gradation specimens stabilized with the smaller aperture geogrid.
Factors Driving Consumer Engagement and Intentions with Gamification of Mobile Apps

The advent of smartphones revolutionized and took the market to a new level. Now a days, majority of internet users spend their maximum time on smartphones, specifically on mobile apps. The emergence of numerous apps in smartphones with games features has brought about a different trend, mobile app gamification. The emerging popularity of smartphone technologies and their mobile apps have led various companies to engage their consumers with mobile apps, specifically through gamification. Therefore, companies gain consumers attention integrate their mobile marketing into their overall marketing strategy. This study explores the domain of consumer engagement and their intentions through the gamification of mobile apps. The research focuses on how mobile app gamification drives consumer engagement and their intentions drawing upon SDT and TAM. Using survey method data collected from 270 respondents, data analysis was done with structure equation modeling (SEM). The findings assert that various features of gamification of mobile apps (perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and enjoyment) have a significant influence on consumer engagement. However, convenience was unexpectedly found not to be significantly associated with consumer engagement. Additionally, consumer engagement was found to be associated to smartphone user's intentions to use gamification of mobile apps. The results of present study have theoretical and practical implications.
Development of Creativity of Students in Higher Educational Institutions: Assessment of Students and Experts

The aim of the article is to identify the conditions of the development of students' creativity in the process of studying in higher education institutions. The article draws on the results of authors' qualitative and quantitative studies. Qualitative research is represented by expert in-depth interviews with specialists in the field of higher education. Quantitative research consists of questionnaire of students of four Moscow higher education institutions. Analysis of recent studies conducted on the topics of youth employment, higher education, the problem of mismatch between the education system and labor market was used. The article shows that in the context of higher education, creativity is considered as an integrative property, the key characteristics of which are the ability to produce original ideas, result-orientation, solution of practical problems, originality and speed of thinking, openness to new experience, and tolerance for uncertainty. The authors have identified the factors, conditions and levels of the process of creativity development of students in higher education institutions and analyzed its content. According to the authors, the defining contribution to the development of students' creativity is the application of a comprehensive, systemic concept at a higher education institution in accordance with three distinguished levels: personal, procedural and environmental.
An Empirical Study of Brand Fan Page Engagement Behaviors

Nowadays, numerous companies present themselves on social networking sites (SNSs) by establishing brand communities to maintain continuous interaction with existing and potential customers to influence their brand choices, promote the products and services, and cultivate brand loyalty. However, the research into online brand communities is mainly centered on that utilizing the platforms of websites instead of using social media platforms. Thus, it calls for more studies to investigate consumer brand fan page engagement behavior to increase their fan base and further induce a fan’s purchase behavior. By adopting the perspectives of co-production and social identity theory, this study endeavors to investigate the impact of customer perceived value derived from engaging in brand fan pages on their identification with and stickiness to an online brand community in the SNS-based context. The target population of this study is consumers who have ever participated in an online brand community. Data was collected through a web-based survey. After deleting 36 incomplete responses, 524 usable responses remained for further analysis, with an effective sample rate of 93.57%. The results revealed that utilitarian value, hedonic value, and monetary value separately exerted a significantly positive effect on community identification. Utilitarian value and hedonic value also had significantly positive effects on community stickiness. Moreover, community identification was positively related to community stickiness. Community identification was found to have significantly positive influences on both word-of-mouth and repurchase intention. Furthermore, community stickiness exerted a significantly positive effect on word-of-mouth and repurchase intention. This study confirms the importance of perceived value on enhancing consumers’ identification with and their stickiness to online brand communities. Therefore, businesses should provide consumers with the value they desired to cultivate customer loyalty to their brand fan pages.
Transfers due to Physical Illnesses among Patients in the Chronic Psychiatric Ward

Objectives: Patients with psychiatric diseases are more likely to have medical co-morbidities and increased mortality than those in the general population. Staff at psychiatric institutions face challenges in the aspect of medical care toward physical illnesses with limited medical resources, especially in the psychiatric chronic ward. In this study, we intended to examine the characteristics and related risk factors of transfers due to physical illnesses among individuals in the chronic psychiatric ward. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review study. We extracted records of transfers due to physical illness among the patients in the chronic psychiatric ward of Taoyuan Psychiatric Center from January 1, 2011 to June 30, 2013. Demographic data were also collected. Results: During the study period, 34.8% of the patients in the chronic psychiatric ward were ever transferred due to physical illnesses. Of 455 episodes of transfers, 22.7% of them visited emergency department at least once and 7.8% of them suffered from at least one general medical hospital admission. The most common diagnosis of transfers and further general medical hospital admission was pneumonia. Elder age (adjusted odds ratio = 1.04, 95% confi dence interval = 1.02 - 1.06, p ＜ 0.001) and schizophrenia diagnosis (AOR = 3.63, 95% CI = 1.51 - 8.68, p ＜ 0.01) were signifi cantly associated with higher emergency department transfers. Further, elder age (AOR = 1.03, 95% CI= 1.01 - 1.06, p ＜ 0.05) and smoking history (AOR = 2.71, 95% CI = 1.23 - 5.97, p ＜ 0.01) were also signifi cantly associated with higher risk of pneumonia. Conclusion: High prevalence of medical transferals due to physical illness was found among the chronic psychiatric ward. Studies further focusing on the physical health among the chronic ward was mandated. Programs for enhancing psychical health, early prevention and detection of physical diseases among individuals in the chronic psychiatric ward are needed.
Sedation for bronchoscopy: current practices in Latin America

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate current practices in sedation for bronchoscopy in Latin America. Methods: This was an anonymous survey of select members of the Latin American Thoracic Association. The questionnaire, made available online from November of 2015 through February of 2016, was designed to collect data on demographic characteristics; type of facility (public or private); type/volume of bronchoscopies; type of sedation; and type of professional administering the sedation. Results: We received 338 completed questionnaires from 19 countries; 250 respondents (74.0%) were male. The mean respondent age was 36.0 ± 10.5 years. Of the 338 respondents, 304 (89.9%) were pulmonologists; 169 (50.0%) worked at public facilities; and 152 (45.0%) worked at teaching facilities. All of the respondents performed diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy, 206 (60.9%) performed therapeutic fiberoptic bronchoscopy, 125 (37.0%) performed rigid bronchoscopy, 37 (10.9%) performed endobronchial ultrasound, and 3 (0.9%) performed laser therapy/thermoplasty/cryotherapy. Sedation for bronchoscopy was employed by 324 respondents (95.6%). Of the 338 respondents, 103 (30.5%) and 96 (28.4%) stated, respectively, that such sedation should “usually” and “never” be administered by a bronchoscopist; 324 (95.9%) supported training bronchoscopists in sedation. Sedation administered by a bronchoscopist was reported by 113 respondents, conscious sedation being employed by 109 (96.2%). The use of benzodiazepines, propofol, and opiates was reported, respectively, by 252 (74.6%), 179 (52.9%), and 132 (39.0%) of the 338 respondents. Deep sedation and general anesthesia were more common at private facilities. Conclusions: The consensus seems to be that a well-trained bronchoscopist can safely administer sedation for bronchoscopy. However, approximately 40% of bronchoscopists do not do so regularly.
Cardiovascular Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa Compared to High-Income Countries: An Epidemiological Perspective

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the second common cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) accounting for about 35% of all deaths, after a composite of communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases. Despite prior perception of low NCDs mortality rates, current evidence suggests that SSA is now at the dawn of the epidemiological transition with contemporary double burden of disease from NCDs and communicable diseases. In SSA, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most frequent causes of NCDs deaths, responsible for approximately 13% of all deaths and 37% of all NCDs deaths. Although ischemic heart disease (IHD) has been identified as the leading cause of CVDs mortality in SSA followed by stroke and hypertensive heart disease from statistical models, real field data suggest IHD rates are still relatively low. The neglected endemic CVDs of SSA such as endomyocardial fibrosis and rheumatic heart disease as well as congenital heart diseases remain unconquered. While the underlying aetiology of heart failure among adults in high-income countries (HIC) is IHD, in SSA the leading causes are hypertensive heart disease, cardiomyopathy, rheumatic heart disease, and congenital heart diseases. Of concern is the tendency of CVDs to occur at younger ages in SSA populations, approximately two decades earlier compared to HIC. Obstacles hampering primary and secondary prevention of CVDs in SSA include insufficient health care systems and infrastructure, scarcity of cardiac professionals, skewed budget allocation and disproportionate prioritization away from NCDs, high cost of cardiac treatments and interventions coupled with rarity of health insurance systems. This review gives an overview of the descriptive epidemiology of CVDs in SSA, while contrasting with the HIC and highlighting impediments to their management and making recommendations. Highlights: – The burden of non-communicable diseases including cardiovascular diseases is rising in SSA. – Levels of hypertension diagnosis, treatment, and control are low at <40%, <35%, and 10–20%, respectively, and more than 40% of patients with diabetes are not aware of their diagnosis in SSA. – SSA has 23% of the world’s prevalent rheumatic heart disease cases. – The leading causes of heart failure in SSA are hypertensive heart disease, cardiomyopathy, and rheumatic heart disease, with ischemic heart disease accounting for <10% of cases compared to >50% in high-income countries.
Relationship between mental health and professional ethics among nursing staff

Background: Mental health disorders are creating many psychosocial problems for nurses. Also, respect of professional ethics is an innate caracther in nursing practice. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between mental health and respect of professional ethics among nursing staff. Method: In this descriptive and correlation study, the samples consisted of 195 nursing staff that were working in 2 governmental hospitals in Ahvaz. These hospitals were selected through simple randomized sampling method. Samples were selected through census sampling. Data were gathered by personal data scale, professional ethics scale and mental health scale) Symptom Check List-SCL90). Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics. Findings: Results showed that respect of professional ethics among nursing staff were 64.1% (relatively good), 21.5% (bad) and 14.4% (good). Dimensions of mental health including anxiety (R=-0.321), depression (R=-0.338) and psomatic complains (R=-0.292) had a significant relationship with professional ethics (P<0.05). Conclusion: Since professional ethics has a significant relationship with mental health, nursing managers should pay attention to professional ethics concept which leads to effected mental health of nursing staff.
The Effects of Mental Illness on Trust Between Military Veterans

Service members have reported the perception that seeking treatment for, and/or having a mental illness will cause a loss of trust between a service member and his/her leaders and peers (Nash, Silva, and Litz, 2009; Hoge et al, 2004). This study aimed to determine if the presence of a mental illness affects the trust between service members and determine whether other variables moderated this relationship. Using social media and Mechanical Turk an internet participant-recruiting site operated by Amazon, data were collected from 220 military Veterans. Participants were assessed using a research developed Demographics Questionnaire, the Combat Exposure Scale, The Unit Cohesion Scale, and the Trust in Teams Scale. Participants were randomized into three groups. Each of the three groups read a different scenario depicting a service member. Results of this study do not support the existence of a measureable loss in trust with disclosure of a mental illness. A significant increase in predictability and global trust scores was observed when participants read the scenario different scenarios. The results, specifically that trust did not change as a function of a unit member displaying symptoms of mental illness and that treatment for a mental illness, improved trust scores on the facets of global trust and predictability, provide the basis for future research into this area
Evaluation of Fungicides and Management Strategies against Cercospora Leaf Spot of Olive Caused by Pseudocercospora cladosporioides

Cercospora leaf spot of olive (CLSO), caused by Pseudocercospora cladosporioides, is one of the most important foliar diseases of olives worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a wide range of fungicides on mycelial growth and conidial germination of P. cladosporioides in vitro, and to evaluate the effect of several fungicides, application timings and management strategies (conservative and risky) to control CLSO under field conditions. Of the studied fungicides, strobilurin compounds and benomyl were the most effective active ingredients, followed by folpet, captan and maneb, in inhibiting mycelial growth and conidial germination. The pyraclostrobin + boscalid treatment was effective under field conditions, even without the application of supplementary copper. Treatments conducted in October or March were more effective than those conducted in May. Management strategies based on the author’s experience reduced copper applications up to 32.0% and 50.0% (conservative and risky strategy, respectively) in comparison to the reduction with the traditional strategy, without increasing CLSO incidence. This work provides useful information about effective formulations against CLSO and a reduction in unnecessary fungicide applications in an effort to implement IPM in olive orchards under Mediterranean conditions.
Situational Affordances for Prosocial Behaviour: On the Interaction between Honesty–Humility and (Perceived) Interdependence

Individual differences in prosocial behaviour are well–documented. Increasingly, there has been a focus on the specific situations in which particular personality traits predict prosocial behaviour. HEXACO Honesty–Humility—the basic trait most consistently linked to prosocial behaviour in prior studies—has been found to predict prosociality most strongly in situations that afford the exploitation of others. Importantly, though, it may be the subjectively perceived situation that affords the behavioural expression of a trait. Following this reasoning, we tested the proposition that Honesty–Humility would predict prosocial behaviour more strongly in situations characterised by, and perceived to contain, two dimensions of interdependence that can afford exploitation: high conflict and high power. However, across a series of incentivised economic games and two large experience sampling studies, we only found inconsistent evidence for the association between Honesty–Humility and prosocial behaviour. Furthermore, the link between Honesty–Humility and prosociality was neither conditional on objective interdependence nor on subjective perceptions of interdependence. Nonetheless, perceptions of conflict and power tracked objective properties of economic games and were related to prosocial behaviour in the lab and field. Future research should take individuals’ subjective understanding of situations into account, which may also help understand the (generalisability of the) effect of Honesty–Humility on prosocial behaviour. © 2019 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology
Evaluating Critical Thinking Skills in Moroccan EFL Textbooks: Gateway to English 2 as a Case

The aim of this study is to evaluate critical thinking skills (CTS) in a Moroccan textbook of English as a foreign language entitled Gateway to English 2 (GTE2 henceforth) according to Bloom’s taxonomy. Alongside with this, a survey is conducted to investigate the perceptions and attitudes of a sample of Moroccan high school teachers towards CTS and their inclusion in the aforementioned textbook. The research design adopted in this study is the mixed methods research approach and three instruments are used to collect data: document analysis, a content analysis card and a questionnaire. The participants’ sample consists of 75 Moroccan high school teachers of English who use GTE2 textbook. The three instruments were intended to gather both quantitative and qualitative data. The findings of the study revealed that the current educational policy aims to foster the CTS of Moroccan students, but the textbooks used, namely GTE2, targets only lower order thinking skills, especially comprehension, and application at the expense of higher order thinking skills which will benefit students both academically and professionally. For this reason, the study suggests activities and materials to enrich the textbook in terms of thinking skills.