Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING EVALUATION OF ANTEROLATERAL LIGAMENT INJURIES AND ASSOCIATED LESIONS IN ACUTE ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT TEARS

– Objective: The first aim of our study was to investigate the appearance of the injured Anterolateral Ligament (ALL) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed in acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and provide data about the inter-and intra-rater agreement in assessing the ALL status. The second aim was to describe the incidence of associated injuries in acute ACL-injured knees and provide data regarding the inter-and intra-rater agreement in identifying these. Patients and Methods: Patients with ACL lesions who underwent MRI within 10 days from the injury were included. Images were evaluated by an orthopedic surgeon and a musculoskeletal (MSK) radiologist. Inter-and intra-observer reliabilities were determined for MRI parameters of the anterolateral ligament (ALL) and associ-ated injuries by using the kappa ( κ ) test. Results: A total of 100 patients were evaluated. ALL abnormalities were observed in 93% of the cases. Inter-observer reliability was substantial to almost perfect concerning ALL signal, femoral and tibial bone bruises, femoral notch sign and meniscal tears ( κ = 0.6-1); moderate agreement was observed for lateral meniscus tears ( κ = 0.56) and Segond fractures ( κ = 0.45). Intra-observer reliability of the orthopedic surgeon was substantial to almost perfect for all the criteria evaluated ( κ = 0.6-1). Intra-observer reliability of the MSK radiologist was substantial to almost perfect for ALL injuries and bone bruises ( κ = 0.6-1); there was a moderate agreement for meniscal tears and Segond fractures ( κ = 0.41-0.6), except for Lateral Meniscus Posterior Horn Root Tears ( κ = 0.21). Conclusions: MRI can represent an instrument of high reliability and reproducibility in the diagnosis of ALL tears and associated lesions in patients with acute ACL ruptures
FUNDAÇÃO GETULIO VARGAS ESCOLA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECONOMIA

This thesis is comprised of three essays with a common goal: expand the theories about what drives the shape of an industry and its consequences. All three are theoretical and applied, in the sense of being detailed studies about the inner workings of industries and their impact on the shape of the latter. In the first chapter I model how the interplay among institutional quality, trust and contract incompleteness affects firms’ decisions about their international mode of organization. Second second chapter also concerns industries’ ownership choices, but in a complete different perspective, focusing in information transmission between the different parts that constitute a supply chain. Finally, third chapter uses industrial organization modeling to show how the internal structure of an industry influence the risk of payroll-backed loans.
FUNDAÇÃO GETULIO VARGAS ESCOLA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECONOMIA

We develop a model of comparative advantage with monopolistic competition, that incorporates heterogeneous firms and endogenous mark-ups. We analyse how these features vary across countries with different factor endowments, and across markets of different size. In this model we can obtain trade gains via two channels. First, when we open the economy, most productive firms start to export their product, then, they demand more producing factors and wages rises, thus, those firms that are less productive will be forced to stop to produce. Second channel is via endogenous mark-ups, when we open the economy, the competition gets “tougher”, then, markups falls, thus, those firms that are less productive will stop to produce. We also show that comparative advantage works as a “third channel” of trade gains, because, all trade gains results are magnified in comparative advantage industry of both countries. We also make a numerical exercise to see how endogenous variables of the model vary when trade costs fall.
Variations of Extreme Drought/Flood Events over Eastern China during the Past 2000 Years

Based on the annual drought/flood grades derived from the historical archives since the Han Dynasty as well as the reconstructed wet/dry index series over eastern China,extreme drought/flood events in the three regions of North China plain (34N°-40°N),Jianghuai (31°N-34°N),and Jiangnan (25°N-31°N) during the past 2000 years were identified. The results indicated that high frequent and extreme drought/flood events occurred during 100-150,550-650,1050-1100,and 1850-1900 in North China plain,250-450 and 1600-1850 in Jianghuai,350-400,1100-1200,and 1900-1950 in Jiangnan. Meanwhile,over the whole eastern China,high frequent extreme events occurred during 100-150,250-350,750-850,950-1000,1050-1150,1400-1450,1550-1650,and 1800-1950. The frequency and intensity of extreme drought/flood events in the second half of the 20th century were close to the mean level of the past 2000 years. In addition,the comparison between the drought/flood events and temperature series over eastern China suggested that global warming over recent decades did not bring more frequent extreme events.
Mapping Landslide Susceptibility with Uncertainty for Land Use Planning

This contribution deals with the construction of landslide susceptibility maps using the distribution of the occurrences of trigger zones of rotational-translational landslides and of their spatial relationships with other map data layers that, hopefully, express their typical settings. Such calculated settings, when statistically significant and stable, are used to estimate the likelihood of future occurrences. In our case this was done by means of the empirical likelihood ratio function, ELR. The ratio, under particular assumptions, becomes a measure of the difference between the setting in the presence of the landslide trigger zones and the setting in their absence. The ELR as a spatial prediction model has been proposed and discussed by Chung (2006). It is applied here to the Tirano North study area, whose location in the Lombardy Region of Northern Italy is shown in Figure 1. The area covers 12 municipalities and contains 42 active rotational-translational landslide trigger zones that, in a digital raster map data layer of 1034 pixels by 1290 lines of 20 m resolution, occupy 783 pixels as shown in Figure 1: 449 of the 17 landslides in the W region and 334 of the 25 landslides in the E region,. The spatial distribution of the 42 trigger zones is considered as a direct supporting pattern, DSP, of a mathematical proposition that “a pixel in the study area is affected by a rotational-translational landslide”, the distribution of the spatially corresponding mapping units in map data layers such as elevation, aspect, slope, curvature and internal relief (continuous value maps) and lithology, land use and permeability (categorical value maps) are considered as indirect supporting patterns, ISP, to add to the proposition the condition “given the presence of the spatial evidence of those mapping units ” in the form of a conditional probability, for instance. Previous studies of the same database by Fabbri et al. (2012) have shown that the group of the 42 trigger zones includes a sub-group of 20 with very similar settings and another with 22 landslides with very different settings. The assumption was made that their distribution randomly covers the study area as well as its subdivision into a W region and an E region, as shown in Figure 1. The spatial relationships DSP-ISP were then established separately in the two regions to be extended from one region to the other. This enabled to verify by crossvalidation the relative quality of the hazard map generated with the distribution of the occurrences in one region, apply its statistics to generate a hazard map in the other region, and validate it with the occurrences in it. The computed values of ELR range from 0 to  and were sequenced in descending order to obtain in the hazard map equal area classes, in which to analyze the distribution of occurrences considered to occur in the future.
GEOPHYSICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF THE XADE MAFIC COMPLEX, BOTSWANA

The Xade Mafic Complex, situated in central Botswana, was identified during the first regional aeromagnetic survey of the country in 1975–77. It is covered by sedimentary rocks of the Kalahari Group and Karoo Supergroup, including Karoo lavas, with a combined thickness varying from 220 m to 1000 m, extending to greater depths in the north beneath the Meso-proterozoic Passarge Basin. What has generally been viewed as the Xade Complex is evidenced by a high amplitude kidney-shaped zoned magnetic anomaly with two semi-linear anomalies extending to the northwest and northeast in a Y-shaped form. The complex is also marked by a coincident Bouguer gravity anomaly. Historical work has been limited, with only three diamond drill holes having been drilled, separately intersecting gabbroic rocks, weathered basalt grading into dolerite, and amygdaloidal lavas followed by Waterberg Group shales. An U-Pb zircon age of 1109.0 ± 1.3 Ma, which is coeval with the Umkondo Igneous episode, has been published for the gabbroic unit. This study has shown, for the first time, that the Xade Complex comprises two lobes of potentially different magmatic character, i.e. a Southern Lobe, which is the historically identified kidney-shaped zoned magnetic anomaly, as well as a hitherto unrecognized large Northern Lobe. The latter is mostly deeply buried in the north and northwest beneath the Passarge Basin, as evidenced by deep magnetic and gravity sources, but its southern and eastern margins partially suboutcrop beneath Karoo sediments, forming the Y-shaped anomalies north of the Southern Lobe. Forward modelling, of both magnetic and gravity data, indicates that the Southern Lobe is a lopolith with a depth extent of approximately 4 km, whereas the southeastern margin of the Northern Lobe has westerly dips consistent with deepening to the northwest. In addition to the historic boreholes, a recent borehole drilled into the Southern Lobe shows that it comprises a mafic volcanic sequence with subordinate gabbro. A further two boreholes drilled into the Northern Lobe margins indicate that it comprises a texturally heterogeneous and magmatically differentiated sequence of gabbroic rocks, with minor dioritic and monzonitic rocks. The present interpretation has also identified a dyke system associated with the Northern Lobe, which may represent either feeder or exit magmatic conduits. The interpretation further shows that the complex is located in a craton margin setting. The combined extent of both lobes is approximately one-third the size of the Bushveld Complex, making the Xade Mafic Complex the largest Meso-Proterozoic magmatic system in southern Africa. The craton margin setting, size, Meso-Proterozoic age and variability of plutonic and volcanic rocks hallmark the Xade Mafic Complex as being a very large dynamic magmatic system, with potential for Ni-Cu-PGE mineralization.
Measurement: Reliability, construct validation, and scale construction

Adequate measurement of psychological phenomena is a fundamental aspect of theory construction and validation. Forming composites scales from individual items has a long and honored tradition, although for predictive purposes, the power of using individual items should be considered. To construct a scale or set of scales to measure one or more constructs seems straight-forward: write items to measure what you are interested in and then administer these items to samples of the population of interest. Unfortunately, reality is not quite so simple. Although it is seductively easy to write items and form them into scales, we want to be able to evaluate how well we are measuring our constructs. These are questions of the reliability and validity of the scales 1 . Throughout this chapter, we will refer to examples taken from open source data sets most of which are available in the psychTools package (Revelle, 2022b) in the R statistical system (R Core Team, 2022). The analyses are done using the psych package 2 . (Revelle, 2022a) in R .
Do Glaciers Excavate

ALL geologists agree that ice plays It p:lrt in sculpturing the features of the earth, but they diffel' as to the extent and importance of its work. For instance, some believe that the "northern heights of London " once formed the southern limit of an ice-sheet, which began its journey in the mountain districts of Scotland and of Scandinavia; some, that glaciers excavated, not only the tarns in corries, but even the great sub-Alpine lakes, while others restrict the area occupied by continuous ice and minimise its erosive powers. For full thirty years, since the publication of the late Sir A. Rameay's memorable paper,· the origin of lake-basins has been a standing dish in geological controversy. He attributed them to the erosive action of ice, and his hypothesis, at first, woa many adherents. Then it seemed to be losing favour, till at the end of last year its defence was undertaken by Dr. A. R. vVallace.t Against a champion so formidable I should Le afraid to enter the lists did I not remember that his laurels were won on fields where heat is the rule, and cold the exception. Of this I think some sigm appear in his ingenious apology for the efficacy of glaciers. That reads like the plea of a skilful advocate, who has mastered his brief and read up his subject, and yet fails to feel the force of either a difficulty or a general argument quite so readily and so keenly as a man whose knowledge has been gained by personal experience. Be this as it may, we are indebted to Dr. Wallace for def.mding with remarkable force and acumen the claim of glaciers to be the excavators of the great sub-Alpine lakes. Nevertheless, his argnment occasionally appears to me inconclusivf;I, and so, as my name
Prices, Plant Size, and Product Quality

Drawing on uncommonly rich and representative data from the Colombian manufacturing census, this paper documents new empirical relationships between input prices, output prices, and plant size and proposes a model of endogenous input and output quality choices by heterogeneous firms to explain the observed patterns. The key empirical facts are that, on average within narrowly defined sectors, (1) larger plants charge more for their outputs and (2) larger plants pay more for their material inputs. The latter fact generalizes the well-known positive correlation between plant size and wages. Similar correlations hold between prices and export status. We show that the empirical patterns are consistent with a parsimonious extension of the Melitz (2003 , "The Impact of Trade on Intra-Industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity," Econometrica, 71, 1695--1725) framework to include endogenous choice of input and output quality. Using a measure of the scope for quality differentiation from Sutton (1998 , Technology and Market Structure: Theory and History. Cambridge: MIT Press), we show that differences across sectors in the relationships between prices and plant size are consistent with our model. Available evidence suggests that differences in observable measures of market power do not provide a complete explanation for the empirical patterns. We interpret the results as supportive of the hypothesis that quality differences of both inputs and outputs play an important role in generating the price--plant size correlations. Copyright 2012, Oxford University Press.
A Metrical Analysis of Jomon Crania from the Tohoku District

The metrical data of 29 adult male crania of the Middle to Final Jomon periods from various sites in the Tohoku district were compiled and averaged. The names of the sites, numbers of crania and authors responsible for the measurements are given in Table 1. The locations of the sites are illustrated in Fig. 2.
Mining aspectual views using formal concept analysis

We report upon an initial experiment using the technique of formal concept analysis for mining aspectual views from the source code. An aspectual view is a set of source code entities, such as class hierarchies, classes and methods that are structurally related in some way, and often crosscut a particular application. Initially, we follow a lightweight approach, where we only consider the names of classes and methods. This simplistic technique already results in the discovery of interesting and meaningful aspectual views, leaving us confident that more complex approaches will perform even better, and merit to be studied in the future.
Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Pangasius fish and fish processing handlers in the Mekong Delta, Viet Nam

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Pangasius fish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and the hands of fish processors in fish processing plants. The results showed that 16 of 90 Pangasius fish (18%) and 6 of 54 fish processing handlers’ samples (11%) harbored coagulase-positive for S. aureus. A high antibiotic resistance (68%) was observed for ampicillin, while 100% susceptibility for oxacillin, cefazolin, cefmetazole, flomoxef, imipenem, arbekacin, fosfomycin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim were recorded for both fish and hand samples. Remarkably, only one isolates from the fish was classified as methicillin-resistant S. aureus, whereas no isolates from the handlers were found. Among the total S. aureus isolates, the multidrug resistance rate was nearly 41%, posing a hazard to public health concerns. The obtained results may provide valuable information about the actual state of S. aureus contamination for efficient control in fish processing plants.
Subjective Well-Being: Three Decades of Progress

W. Wilson's (1967) review of the area of subjective well-being (SWB) advanced several conclusions regarding those who report high levels of "happiness". A number of his conclusions have been overturned: youth and modest aspirations no longer are seen as prerequisites of SWB. E. Diener's (1984) review placed greater emphasis on theories that stressed psychological factors. In the current article, the authors review current evidence for Wilson's conclusions and discuss modern theories of SWB that stress dispositional influences, adaptation, goals, and coping strategies. The next steps in the evolution of the field are to comprehend the interaction of psychological factors with life circumstances in producing SWB, to understand the causal pathways leading to happiness, understand the processes underlying adaptation to events, and develop theories that explain why certain variables differentially influence the different components of SWV (life satisfaction, pleasant affect, and unpleasant affect).
The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey III. A very massive star in apparent isolation from the massive cluster R136

VFTS 682 is located in an active star-forming region, at a projected distance of 29 pc from the young massive cluster R136 in the Tarantula Nebula of the Large Magellanic Cloud. It was previously reported as a candidate young stellar object, and more recently spectroscopically revealed as a hydrogen-rich Wolf-Rayet (WN5h) star. Our aim is to obtain the stellar properties, such as its intrinsic luminosity, and to investigate the origin of VFTS 682. To this purpose, we model optical spectra from the VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey with the non-LTE stellar atmosphere code cmfgen, as well as the spectral energy distribution from complementary optical and infrared photometry. We find the extinction properties to be highly peculiar (RV ∼ 4.7), and obtain a surprisingly high luminosity log(L/L� ) = 6.5 ± 0.2, corresponding to a present-day mass of ∼150 M� . The high effective temperature of 52.2 ± 2.5 kK might be explained by chemically homogeneous evolution – suggested to be the key process in the path towards long gamma-ray bursts. Lightcurves of the object show variability at the 10% level on a timescale of years. Such changes are unprecedented for classical WolfRayet stars, and are more reminiscent of Luminous Blue Variables. Finally, we discuss two possibilities for the origin of VFTS 682: (i) the star either formed in situ, which would have profound implications for the formation mechanism of massive stars, or (ii) VFTS 682 is a slow runaway star that originated from the dense cluster R136, which would make it the most massive runaway known to date.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Postoperative Port Site Infections Among Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Either via Umbilical or Epigastric Port

Background and Objectives: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is a keyhole surgical procedure considered a gold standard treatment for benign gallbladder (GB) diseases. GB retrieval is done per the surgeon’s choice through an umbilical or epigastric port. However, postoperative port site infection (PSI) and pain were major complications of this technique. The study aimed to compare the postoperative PSI between epigastric and umbilical ports among patients undergoing LC. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted among 50 patients who underwent LC for benign GB disease at the Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, for 6 months. Participants were randomized into epigastric port (n=25) and umbilical port (n=25). Postoperatively, PSI on a postoperative day (POD) of 10 and 30, retrieval difficulty score, Postoperative pain (POP) using a visual analog scale (VAS), and port site scar appearance after 6 months were assessed. Results: This study divided 50 LC patients into epigastric and umbilical ports (n=25). Among them, 31 were females (62%), 19 males (38%), and mean ages of 43.5 ± 10.7 and 40.7 ± 12.6 years were observed for the epigastric and umbilical ports; group age was similar (p=0.37). The gender distribution was similar between groups (p=0.9 for males, p=0.7 for females). The epigastric port displayed a mean body mass index (BMI) of 22.3 ± 1.01, while the umbilical port had a significantly higher mean BMI of 23.7 ± 1.10 (p=0.04). Patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis as the primary reason for surgery were common in both groups (p=0.2 for GB stones, p=0.4 for GB polyps). The mean hospital stays and surgical duration were similar (p=0.7 and 0.99). Epigastric ports had 8% postoperative PSI on POD 10 (vs. 12%, p=0.07) and 0% on POD 30 (vs. 4%, p=1.0), compared to umbilical ports. Umbilical port patients were more satisfied with scar appearance (92% vs. 76%, p=0.11) and less dissatisfied (8% vs. 24%, p=0.02) 6 months post-surgery. Compared to the umbilical port, patients with epigastric ports had significantly higher VAS pain scores at multiple postoperative time points (p-values <0.001 to 0.03). It was also harder to retrieve epigastric port GB (p=0.01). Conclusion: The current study highlights the importance of port site selection among patients who underwent LC, as it can notably impact postoperative outcomes. While the umbilical port may be associated with lower PSI rates and better cosmetic outcomes, GB retrieval through the epigastric port may result in lower postoperative port site pain. Surgeons should carefully consider these factors when choosing the port site for LC procedures. Further research, including larger multicenter trials, is needed to validate and expand upon these results, ultimately enhancing patient care in GB surgery.