Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
To Evaluate the Effectiveness of Implementing Triage System in The Emergency Department at A Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Prolonged waiting time to attend the patients who comes to emergency department is one of the most important concerns for the patient family members when they come to the hospital. By introduction of an effective triage system we can reduce the waiting time for the serious patients who require urgent care and it translates into improvement of mortality. In this study we study the effectiveness of implementing triage system in the emergency department at a busy tertiary care hospital tosolve the problem of prolonged waiting time which will help in achieving timely delivery of services in ED and this might have significant implications for the public health. Methods: This study was conducted over a period of two months in a tertiary care centre. It was an observational study. Data was recorded by the nursing staff posted in ED. We have assessed the satisfaction level of the patients and their attendants, compared the waiting time to attend them and mortality before and after the introduction of triage system. Results: During the study period 50 patients were randomly included in the study. Out of 50 patients, 14 were triaged into red, 20 into yellow and 16 patients into green zone. Of these 50 patients, 12 patients were discharged from the emergency itself and 38 patients were admitted. In these 50 patients 44 of them are satisfied in the care provided to them and have reduced waiting time of 8 min as compared to 15 min before introduction of triage system. The mortality rate is 25% as compared to 30% before the introduction of triage in the hospital. Conclusion: This study showed that importance of introduction of triage system in the emergency department at a hospital as it will improve patient and their attendant’s satisfaction, reduce waiting time, and decrease mortality.
Linking Agility to Environmental Sustainability of Emerging Market MNEs: The Mediating Role of Individual Creativity and Flexible Work Arrangements

Prior research has produced ample evidence showing that agility affects performance outcomes; however, we know little about the link between agility and collaborative processes toward environmental sustainability. This study examines the relationship between operational agility and environmental collaboration, mediated by individual creativity and flexible work arrangements. Using multilevel analysis of data obtained from 249 managers of 66 multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Turkey, we find that operational agility through individual creativity and flexible work arrangements leads to greater environmental collaboration. We contribute to the streams of literature on agility, international management, and environmental sustainability by elucidating that operational agility of emerging market MNEs tends to reduce environmental impacts and that individual creativity and flexible work arrangements facilitate environmental collaboration to attain environmental success.
Assessing the Knowledge of Students about Dental Bleaching in Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran

Statement of the Problem: An attractive smile and white teeth give self-confidence and provide impression of health, which help individuals for social and interpersonal success. Increasing demand for tooth bleaching and lack of relevant information on the other hand, necessitate a new investigation to assess the knowledge of the students about dental bleaching in Kerman. Purpose: This study was designed to assess the overall knowledge of the students of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman regarding dental bleaching and their tendency to perform it. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study enrolled 384 students who were selected by simple random sampling. A valid and reliable self-administered researcher-made questionnaire was employed to collect data about demographic information, health behavior, tooth bleaching, and the tendency to perform . This tool contained 8 questions with the focus on the knowledge of dental bleaching. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 21 and regression analysis at a significant level of 0.05. Results: Overall, 59.55% of participants were male and 40.45% were female students. Most likely, the source for gaining information was internet. In this regard, 29 individuals were dissatisfied with tooth color, 27 ones with the appearance of teeth, 13.5% have done tooth bleaching, and 69% had tendency to do that. The preferred knowledge was about the difference between scaling and root planning (SRP) and bleaching. There was no significant difference between age, gender, and marital status variables with the knowledge of dental bleaching. Tooth color satisfaction increased the tendency to do bleaching about 1.87 times. Conclusion: The study highlights that 69 % of the students had a tendency to do the bleaching, their knowledge was moderate, and there was no statistical relationship between knowledge, gender, and marital variables. Color variable had an overall positive effect on the tendency to do the bleaching.
Effects of chlorpyriphos on the alpha-amylase activity in the in vivo and in vitro conditions: Case study: Sitophilus oryzea

Purpose: Insect-insecticide interaction, as a dynamic system, increases our knowledge to improve chemical application. Although modes of action in the most insecticides is obvious (direct action) but the other targets which may be affected after treatment are not determined (indirect action). In this study digestive enzymes were considered as potential targets for insecticides. Research method: Some of (three sample) adults that were exposed to the different insecticide concentrations were selected for in vivo analysis. In this part, internal organs (midgut) were homogenates and enzyme activity was determined. On the other hand, in the in vitro assays, nontoxic adults were selected and after dissection of the guts, incubated to the different insecticide manually. Fifty microliters enzyme solution with 450 μl toxic solutions incubated 30 min in the room temperature before enzyme assay. Findings: Twenty hours after exposure to the insecticides, gut of adults were dissected and used for in vivo experiment. Our data showed that there was a significant difference in the enzyme activity among different concentrations of chlorpyriphos. The highest and lowest level of enzyme inhibitory was occurred in the 2000 and 0 ppm (control). There was no significant difference between control (0 ppm) and 300 ppm. Data in the in vitro experiment showed that enzyme activity was reduced in the toxic concentrations. Trend of enzyme inhibiting that occurred with chlorpyriphos was regular as the highest and lowest inhibiting were observed in the maximum (99.2 %) and minimum concentrations (7.4 %), respectively. Limitations: There is a problem in which how to correlate in vivo and in vitro results to practical toxicology. Originality/Value: Using of new insecticides with new and widespread mode of action can be recommended against postharvest pest in the practical entomology.
Evaluación de Resultados e Impacto de la Política de Educación Secundaria en República Dominicana

El estudio examina si la educacion secundaria en la Republica Dominicana esta alcanzando los propositos asociados con su funcion formativa. Esta funcion quedaria evidenciada si los egresados han desarrollado las denominadas competencias fundamentales que les ayuden a desarrollar sus potencialidades y capacidades para resolver problemas e insertarse en el mundo laboral y/o seguir estudios superiores. La educacion secundaria en el pais se oferta en tres modalidades: General, Tecnico Profesional y Artes. En los ultimos cuatro anos, un total de 386,228 jovenes han logrado su titulacion como bachiller ? Cuales son sus efectos e impacto que esta generando la politica de educacion secundaria, en particular, en esa poblacion, y desde una mirada mas general, en el desarrollo del pais? Esta es la pregunta que procuro responder la investigacion. Se realizo una comparacion entre los egresados de la modalidad general y los titulados de la de Tecnico Profesional en relacion con su situacion ocupacional, trayectoria educativa, calidad del empleo de aquellos que se declaran laboralmente activos, los ingresos y otras variables de interes general. Se trata de una evaluacion de resultados (efectos de corto plazo) y de impacto (efectos mas alla de los inmediatos y previstos), de la politica publica de educacion secundaria, con el proposito disponer de un marco de referencia para la toma decisiones informadas y mejorar la gerencia publica.
Interpretable Multi-Modal Hate Speech Detection

With growing role of social media in shaping public opinions and beliefs across the world, there has been an increased attention to identify and counter the problem of hate speech on social media. Hate speech on online spaces has serious manifestations, including social polarization and hate crimes. While prior works have proposed automated techniques to detect hate speech online, these techniques primarily fail to look beyond the textual content. Moreover, few attempts have been made to focus on the aspects of interpretability of such models given the social and legal implications of incorrect predictions. In this work, we propose a deep neural multi-modal model that can: (a) detect hate speech by effectively capturing the semantics of the text along with socio-cultural context in which a particular hate expression is made, and (b) provide interpretable insights into decisions of our model. By performing a thorough evaluation of different modeling techniques, we demonstrate that our model is able to outperform the existing state-of-the-art hate speech classification approaches. Finally, we show the importance of social and cultural context features towards unearthing clusters associated with different categories of hate.
Intrapopulation variation in shell morphological traits and banding polymorphism of the land snail Cepaea vindobonensis (Gastropoda; Pulmonata; Helicidae)

The main goal of this paper was to analyze intrapopulation variation of both morphological traits and shell banding polymorphism using the example of a continuous population (a metapopulation) of the land snail Cepaea vindobonensis (Férussac, 1821). A total of 14 samples of the land snail C. vindobonensis from a population located in the “Dubki” Park (Ukraine, Mykolayiv) were collected in May-July 2007. The land snail collection sites are divided into three areas by buildings and asphalt roads, indicated by the Latin letters A, B and C. The major diameter of shell (MJD), the minor diameter of shell (MID) and the shell height (SH) were measured with a digital calliper to the nearest 0.05 mm. Two shell shape indices (SF1 and SF2) were also computed. A high level of the intrapopulation variation of the land snail C. vindobonensis was found in our study. Significant differences between sample means were found for all shell traits and indices used (except for SF1), however, maximum difference was noted for SH and SF2 (in both cases: P < 0.001). About 80% of the total variation of the variance-covariance matrix was explained by the 1 and 2 Principal Components (PC1 and PC2). The PC1 was characterized by high positive factor loadings of MJD, MID and SH and thus can be interpreted as “shell size dimension” and the PC2 had a high correlation with SF2 and thus it can be interpreted as “shell globularity”. The PC1 and PC2 determined a high level of spatial differentiation of intrapopulation morphological variation of the land snail C. vindobonensis. Samples with small (area A) and large (areas B and C) shells were separated from each other according to the PC1. Areas B and C were characterized by individuals with flatness and globularity shells, respectively. The areas A, B and C differed significantly in the total number of morphs, average number of morphs and frequency of rare morphs (Kruskal-Wallis H-test; in all cases P < 0.010). At the same time, the highest value of phenetic diversity was noted for samples collected within A and C areas. In general all phenetic diversity estimators showed a positive correlation with sample size (Spearman's correlation coefficient; in all cases P < 0.05). It was found that the type of biotope did not likely affect the frequency of individual morphs with respect to the shell banding polymorphism pattern. With regard to the most common morphs two patterns of the spatial arrangement of the intrapopulation variation were found – clinal pattern was for the frequency of pallescens morph and chaotic pattern was for frequency of “12345” morph.
Reflection calculus and conservativity spectra

Strictly positive logics recently attracted attention both in the description logic and in the provability logic communities for their combination of efficiency and sufficient expressivity. The language of Reflection Calculus RC consists of implications between formulas built up from propositional variables and constant `true' using only conjunction and diamond modalities which are interpreted in Peano arithmetic as restricted uniform reflection principles. We extend the language of RC by another series of modalities representing the operators associating with a given arithmetical theory T its fragment axiomatized by all theorems of T of arithmetical complexity $\Pi^0_n$, for all n>0. We note that such operators, in a precise sense, cannot be represented in the full language of modal logic. We formulate a formal system RC$^\nabla$ extending RC that is sound and, as we conjecture, complete under this interpretation. We show that in this system one is able to express iterations of reflection principles up to any ordinal $<\epsilon_0$. On the other hand, we provide normal forms for its variable-free fragment. Thereby, the variable-free fragment is shown to be decidable and complete w.r. t. its natural arithmetical semantics. Whereas the normal forms for the variable-free formulas of RC correspond in a unique way to ordinals below $\epsilon_0$, the normal forms of RC$^\nabla$ are more general. It turns out that they are related in a canonical way to the collections of proof-theoretic ordinals of (bounded) arithmetical theories for each complexity level $\Pi^0_{n+1}$. Finally, we present an algebraic universal model for the variable-free fragment of RC$^\nabla$ based on Ignatiev's Kripke frame. Our main theorem states the isomorphism of several natural representations of this algebra.
Does Revising the National Codes of Corporate Governance Matter? An Empirical Study on Worldwide Evidences

Majority of the national codes of corporate governance have been undergone several revisions. Literature lacks of empirical evidences to show the effectiveness of progressive code revisions, while the majority only focuses on the effect of a specific code revision. This study fills the research gap using worldwide evidences from 35 countries, covering 2007-2014. This study shows that higher cumulative number of code revisions significantly improves the relationship between corporate governance score and firm value. However, increasing number of new practices released from each revision gives a significant negative effect to the relationship, especially on increasing board function new practices. Additional analysis reveals that capital market pressures matter to the effectiveness of code revisions, and the market specifically puts pressure to the compliance with the new practices on board structure, compensation and shareholder right protection, rather than board function. Lastly, this study reveals the effectiveness of code revisions between developed and developing countries.
Growth Analysis of Late Transplant Aman Rice (cv. BR23) Raised from Tiller Seedlings

The study was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to investigate the effect of row arrangement, age of tiller seedlings and number of tiller seedlings hill on some growth parameters of transplant aman rice. The experiment comprised three row arrangements viz. -1 single, double and triple row; two age of tiller seedling viz. 25 and 35 days and three levels of number of tiller seedlings hill viz. 2, 4 and 6 tiller seedlings hill . The effect of row arrangement, age of tiller seedlings and -1 -1 number of tiller seedlings hill were significant on crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), net -1 assimilation rate (NAR), specific leaf weight (SLW), leaf area ration (LAR) and leaf area index (LAI). During the period 25-40 DAT the highest CGR, NAR and LAR were found in single row arrangement compared to double and triple row arrangement. However, at 40-55 DAT the highest CGR and 55-70 DAT the highest RGR was found in triple row arrangement followed by double row arrangement and the lowest one was recorded in single row arrangement. The highest NAR was found in triple row arrangement within the period 40-55 DAT. However, at 55-70 DAT the highest NAR was found in triple row arrangement compared to single and double row arrangement. Comparatively high CGR was found at 35 day old tiller seedlings during the period at 25-40 and 55-70 DAT, while CGR was higher during the period 40-55 DAT due to transplanting of 25 day old tiller seedlings. The highest RGR was found within the period 40-55 DAT when 4 tiller seedlings hill were -1 transplanted. However RGR during the period 40-55 with 6 tiller seedlings hill was similar to that of 2 tiller -1 seedling hill . The highest LAR was found in 35-day old tiller seedlings at 40-55 and 55-70 DAT. The lowest -1 one was observed in 25-day old tiller seedlings within the period 40-55 and 55-70 DAT. The highest SLW was found in single row arrangement which was as good as triple row arrangement while the lowest SLW was found in double row arrangement. The highest SLA was found in double row arrangement at 55 and 70 DAT, which was similar to that of single row arrangement and the minimum SLA was found in triple row arrangement at 55 and 70 DAT. The highest LAR was found in 35 day old tiller seedlings 40-55 and 55-70 DAT. The highest LAI was observed in triple row arrangement at 25, 40, 55 and 70 DAT. Maximum LAI was observed in triple row arrangement by transplanting 35-day old tiller seedlings at 40 and 55 DAT. From this study it can be concluded that row arrangement, age of tiller seedlings and number of tiller seedlings hill remarkably affected growth -1 parameters of transplant aman rice cv. BR23.
Blood as a Circulatory Fluid & the Dynamics of Blood & Lymph Flow

The circulatory system supplies O 2 and substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract to the tissues, returns CO 2 to the lungs and other products of metabolism to the kidneys, functions in the regulation of body temperature, and distributes hormones and other agents that regulate cell function. The blood, the carrier of these substances, is pumped through a closed system of blood vessels by the heart. From the left ventricle, blood is pumped through the arteries and arterioles to the capillaries, where it equilibrates with the interstitial fluid. The capillaries drain through venules into the veins and back to the right atrium. Some tissue fluids enter another system of closed vessels, the lymphatics, which drain lymph via the thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct into the venous system. The circulation is controlled by multiple regulatory systems that function in general to maintain adequate capillary blood flow when possible in all organs, but particularly in the heart and brain. Blood flows through the circulation primarily because of the forward motion imparted to it by the pumping of the heart, although in the case of the systemic circulation, diastolic recoil of the walls of the arteries, compression of the veins by skeletal muscles during exercise, and the negative pressure in the thorax during inspiration also move the blood forward. The resistance to flow depends to a minor degree on the viscosity of the blood but mostly on the diameter of the vessels, principally the arterioles. The blood flow to each tissue is regulated by local chemical and general neural and humoral mechanisms that dilate or constrict the vessels of the tissue. All the blood flows through the lungs, but the systemic circulation is made up of numerous different circuits in parallel (Figure 32–1). The arrangement permits wide variations in regional blood flow without changing total systemic flow.
Determination of Evaporation Coefficients of Ambient and Laboratory-Generated Semivolatile Organic Aerosols from Phase Equilibration Kinetics in a Thermodenuder

Accurately predicting formation and partitioning of ambient organic aerosols remains a challenge despite decades of sustained effort in this domain. A major source of uncertainty is the poorly characterized volatility of these aerosols. This uncertainty stems in large part from difficulty separating the overlapping effects of aerosol thermodynamic properties and evaporation coefficients in thermodenuder volatility studies. For lack of other information, it is commonly assumed that the evaporation coefficient is unity when interpreting thermodenuder data, leading to potentially large biases in inferred volatility of the sampled aerosol. In this paper, we present a novel thermodenuder-based approach for determining evaporation coefficients of pure compound and complex aerosols without knowledge of their thermodynamic properties. The method involves tracing the normalized dynamic response of an aerosol system to a step change in temperature as it flows through a heated tube. The approach is validated using pure compounds and a mixture of laboratory-generated dicarboxylic acids, and is applied to concentrated ambient aerosols sampled in Beirut, Lebanon. Three valid data sets were obtained from more than 200 h of ambient air sampling during the month of August 2010, yielding values of 0.34, 0.46, and 0.28 for an assumed binary gas diffusion coefficient of 7.8 × 10−6 m2/s at 60°C. Copyright 2012 American Association for Aerosol Research
Culture and Leadership of State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) in Eastern Visayas, Philippines

Leaders define the blueprint of any organization and their actions in most cases are governed or influenced by the organizational culture. Using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ5x) and the Organizational Culture Questionnaire, the relationship between characteristics of leaders and employees, the leadership styles and organizational culture of SUCs in Eastern Visayas, Philippines were determined. The study revealed that majority of the three groups of respondents practiced transformational leadership especially along Inspirational Motivation and Intellectual Stimulation. Along organizational culture, majority of the three groups of respondents highly observed a We-Centric Culture especially along Culture of Sharing, Reinvention and Appreciation. Correlation results revealed that respondents’ demographic and professional characteristics posted significant and highly significant relationships with the leadership factors. The Eta correlation between the respondents’ affiliation in an organization and the Culture of Inclusion is observed to be weak, but significant. The correlations between the respondents’ leadership styles and perceived organizational culture posted highly significant correlations with all the dimensions of organizational culture except for the Laissez-faire leadership factor and Culture of Reinvention which posted a significant correlation. The pairwise comparison using Tukey’s Honestly significant Difference Test showed significant mean difference between and among SUCs along organizational culture.