Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clay minerals in the agricultural surface soils in the Central United States

Abstract A survey of the clay fraction at the surface of 86 loam and silt loam agricultural soils from the Central United States was undertaken to observe the possible influences of climate and parent material (dominantly phyllosilicates in this study) on the clay mineralogy of the upper portions of the soils, for the most part in Mollisol-Alfisol order soils. Decomposed X-ray diffraction spectra show that the most abundant clay minerals are two disordered illite-smectite (I-S) minerals, one with ~50% smectite layers and another, less abundant, disordered I-S phase with 20% smectite. These minerals usually co-exist in the same samples. The charge site in both of these I-S minerals is both beidellitic and montmorillonitic in the expanding layers. A relatively large proportion of these smectite layers (up to 20%) are of high charge. There seems to be a convergence in mineralogy towards mixed-layer phases formed under a range of mid-Continent climates from a range of phyllosilicate parent materials.
Accumulative Characteristics of Some Plant Species to Magnesium around a Magnesite Mine Area in Northeast China

The deposition of Mg-rich dust from magnesite calcination can lead to serious soil contamination. As an efficient remediation method, phytoremediation is often used to remove contaminants from the environment. However, no information is available on phytoremediation of Mg-contaminated soils. In this study, we determined the Mg concentrations in above- and belowground parts of six dominant plant species and soils (0–20 cm layer) beneath these plants in a magnesite mining region in Northeast China. Mg was enriched in leaves of all six species. Translocation factors (TF) of all six species were far greater than 1. Enrichment factors (EF) of Kochia scoparia, Cassia nomame, and Hordeum jubatum were 1.1, 1.1, and 1.0, respectively, while those of the other three species were not greater than 0.5. The results suggest that Kochia scoparia, Cassia nomame, and Hordeum jubatum are the potential Mg-accumulators, and could be used for remediation of Mg-contaminated soils.
The distribution and abundance of seabirds off southwestern Greenland in autumn and winter 1988–1989

Ship-based surveys of seabirds were carried out off southwestern Greenland in the autumn of 1988 and winter of 1989. The results provide the first quantitative information on seabird distribution and numbers for single seasons and estimates for one particular area in winter. Some oceanographic habitat characteristics important for seabird distribution are described. In winter, high numbers of king eiders Somaleriaspectabilis, Brunnich's guillemots Urialomvia, glaucous gulls Larushyperboreus, Iceland gulls Larusglaucoides, great black-backed gulls Larusmarinus and black guillemots Cepphusgrylle were found in offshore habitats with heavy ice cover. An estimated 280,000 king eiders, 170,000 Brunnich's guillemots, 2,500 glaucous gulls, 7,000 Iceland gulls, 9,500 great black-backed gulls and 25,000 black guillemots were found in winter in an area west of Nuuk.
A Methodology for Identification of Ayurvedic Plant Based on Machine Learning Algorithms

: Modern advances in automated plant species recognition systems have made it easier for laypeople to identify a wide range of plant species. Comparatively di ffi cult is the automatic computer analysis of plant species compared to human interpretation. Many studies have been undertaken to improve plant identification in this region. Plant species cannot be properly classified using these approaches. The problem stems from the ine ffi cient classification algorithm. Particularly in regards to the identification of the numerous species of medicinal plants, accuracy will be the most crucial consideration. The research has led to the conclusion that deep learning is the best approach to improving the precision of computer vision-based classification and recognition systems. To achieve its objectives, this system employs convolutional neural networks. With this e ff ort, we were able to create a neural network with a 96.6% success rate
Performance evaluation of DTM area-based matching reconstruction of Moon and Mars

High resolution DTMs, suitable for geomorphological studies of planets and asteroids, are today among the main scientific goals of space missions. In the framework of the BepiColombo mission, we are experimenting the use of different matching algorithms as well as the use of different geometric transformation models between stereo pairs, assessing their performances in terms of accuracy and computational efforts. Results obtained with our matching software are compared with those of established software. The comparison of the performance of image matching being the main objective of this work, all other steps of the DTM generation procedure have been made independent of the matching software by using a common framework. Tests with different transformation models have been performed using computer generated images as well as real HiRISE and LROC NAC images. The matching accuracy for real images has been checked in terms of reconstruction error against DTMs of Mars and the Moon published online and produced by the University of Arizona.
Effect of Two Different Invasive Tooth Surface Preparation Techniques on Penetration, Marginal Adaptation, and Retention of Pit and Fissure Sealant (An In Vitro Study)

Objectives : the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Two Different Invasive Tooth Surface Preparation Techniques on Penetration, Marginal Adaptation, and Retention of Pit and Fissure Sealant. Subjects and methods : A total of 60 permanent mandibular molars were divided into five equal main groups according to the pits and fissure preparation protocol as follow: Group A: Acid-etching, Group B: Air abrasion, Group C: Ultrasonic preparation, Group D: Air abrasion followed by acid-etching preparation, and Group E: Ultrasonic followed by acid-etching preparation. Measurements of sealant marginal adaptation shear bond strength, and resin penetration. Results : air abrasion or ultrasonic followed by acid etching, and acid etching alone exhibited less microleakage. Acid-etching alone. Ultrasonic alone resulted in a significant increase in the resin retention when compared with air abrasion alone. However, the use of ultrasonic in combination with acid etch resulted in an insignificant increase in the resin retention when compared with air abrasion in combination with acid etch. Conclusion: acid etching remains the most effective and simplest technique in sealants’ success. The use of air abrasion followed by acid etching can be recommended to maintain an adequate seal.
A comparative study of intramuscular fat content and sensory attributes of meat of broiler and Kuttanad ducks

Meat samples from six regions viz., neck, wing, breast, back, thigh and drumstick were collected from a total of 72 ducks comprising of six males and females of each of Vigova broilers, Kuttanad ducklings and spent Kuttanad ducks. The samples were assessed by a trained panel of seven assessors for flavour, juiciness, ease of fragmentation, mouth coating, overall tenderness and overall acceptability on eight-point Hedonic scale. Intramuscular fat of meat from the six regions was also estimated using Soxhlet apparatus. The highest mean intramuscular fat was obtained in the neck muscle by the spent Kuttanad ducks females (p<0.01) and the lowest mean intramuscular fat content was obtained for Kuttanad ducklings females in the breast region (p<0.01). The mean flavour scores did not differ significantly between groups except in the thigh region. There was no significant difference observed in the juiciness and mouth coating score between groups and genders. The highest mean ease of fragmentation score was attained in the back region for broiler duck males. The overall tenderness score showed significant difference (p<0.05) in breast muscle and back muscles. The overall tenderness score was significantly higher in broiler ducks in the back region. Overall acceptability score was significantly highest in back muscle followed by breast muscle in broiler ducks compared to spent Kuttanad ducks and was comparable to Kuttanad ducklings.
A Study of suicidal ideation in different subgroups within a sexual minority by assessing variables that may reflect subjective experience of distress among minorities

: INTRODUCTION: A discord between natal role and gender identity, poor self and societal acceptance of one’s sexual orientation/gender identity, physical, verbal and sexual abuse and discrimination, from family, friends, and peers during and after coming out, fear of law-enforcement, loneliness, and lack of coping mechanisms and healthy role models can lead to poor physical and mental health outcomes among the LGBTQ youth in India. For sexual minority people, sexual orientation-related discrimination and prejudice might be associated with feelings of thwarted belongingness. Given that perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and Psych-ache. have been associated with SI in other populations, included sexual minority. Methodology: - Advertisement in form of Flash banners will be generated on websites, forums and social media related to sexual minority. Within the advertisement, volunteers who were at least 18 years of age (no other inclusion criteria) were invited to complete a survey that took approximately 20 min to finish. The Flash Banner containing the performa for Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, Suicidal ideation, The Psych-ache Scale. Result & Conclusion: Interpersonal construct perceived burdensomeness, which accounts for some increased prevalence of suicidal ideation for adult gay men, lesbian women, and bisexual men and women. Clinicians can utilize this information by using cognitive and behavioural interventions to decrease perceived burdensomeness and, thus, decrease suicide risk for sexual minority adult clients.
Analysis of the Impact of Data Augmentation on the Performance of Deep Learning Models in Multispectral Food Authenticity Identification

Food authenticity is a significant concern in the meat industry, demanding effective detection methods. This study explores the use of multispectral imaging (MSI) and deep learning for meat adulteration detection. We evaluate different deep learning models using transfer learning and preprocessing techniques in a multi-level adulteration classification task. In addition, we propose a novel approach called one-band mixed augmentation for band selection in MSI data, which outperforms traditional reflectance-based feature selection and enhances model robustness. Furthermore, employing the ninecrop approach for dataset augmentation improved the accuracy from 0.63 to 0.74 for DenseNet201 model without transfer learning. This research contributes to advancing food safety assessment practices and provides insights into the application of deep learning for preventing food adulteration. The proposed one-band mixed augmentation approach offers a novel strategy for handling band selection challenges in MSI data analysis.
The effects of intertidal exposure on disease, mortality, and growth of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica

Title of thesis: THE EFFECTS OF INTERTIDAL EXPOSURE ON DISEASE, MORTALITY, AND GROWTH OF THE EASTERN OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA Jennafer Christine Malek, Master of Science, 2010 Thesis directed by: Adjunct Professor Denise Breitburg Department of Biology Disease, mortality, and growth of benthic organisms can be influenced by and determine spatial distributions. The eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, an economically and ecologically important species in Chesapeake Bay, is found in both the intertidal and subtidal in Virginia, but only in the subtidal in Maryland. I used field experiments and sampling to determine whether disease (Dermo) mortality, and growth of oysters vary among tidal heights during summer in the Maryland and Virginia regions of Chesapeake Bay. Results indicated that Dermo prevalence and mortality decreased and growth increased with decreasing durations of intertidal air-exposure. Dermo prevalence was higher in habitats with long durations of air-exposure than in subtidal habitats but progression of the disease did not differ consistently among tidal heights. Patterns in summer mortality, growth, and disease in combination with recruitment, winter mortality, and predation likely contribute to the variation in tidal distributions of oysters within Chesapeake Bay. THE EFFECTS OF INTERTIDAL EXPOSURE ON DISEASE, MORTALITY, AND GROWTH OF THE EASTERN OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA VRGINICA
Effect of Educational Guidelines on Pregnant Women's Knowledge, Practice, and Anxiety Regarding Dengue Fever

Background : Dengue fever is one of the leading causes of hospitalization . Educating the patient is the responsibility of the nurse, which is one of the most important aspects of patient post-cardiac surgery . Aim: To determine the effect of educational guidelines on pregnant women's knowledge, practice, and anxiety regarding dengue fever . Subjects and method: Design: A quasi-experimental research design was used to achieve this study. Setting: The study was applied in antenatal outpatient clinics at Sohag University Hospital. Subjects : A purposive sample of 100 pregnant women involved in the study from the previously selected settings. Four tools were used: Tool (I) a structured interview questionnaire, Tool (II) pregnant women's knowledge regarding dengue fever, Tool (III) pregnant women's practice regarding dengue fever, (pre/post), and Tool (IV) a State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scale. Results : A statistically significant difference was detected between pregnant women's level of knowledge and practice regarding dengue fever after educational guidelines intervention. Also, the study demonstrated that there was a highly statistically significant difference in anxiety scores at (P= <0.001) among the studied pregnant women after educational guidelines intervention . Conclusion: Educational guidelines intervention has a positive effect on enhancing pregnant women's knowledge and practice and decreasing their anxiety level regarding dengue fever . Recommendations: Educational instruction intervention regarding dengue fever is recommended in various maternity healthcare settings. Educational booklets should be provided about dengue fever for pregnant women and taught using the booklet and illustrated pamphlets for each one to improve their information and reduce their anxiety levels in addition to replication of the current study with a larger sample of patients undergoing cardiac surgery in different settings is required for generalizingthe results.
Supporting teachers to actively respond to bullying and to build positive relationships with their students: effects of the T-SUPPORT training

Despite the central role that teachers can have in preventing and reducing bullying, they often feel insecure about how to deal with bullying. This study evaluated a short teacher training – called the Teachers SUPporting POsitive RelaTionships (T-SUPPORT) training – that aims to reduce bullying by supporting teachers in building positive teacher-student relationships and in actively dealing with bullying. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether the T-SUPPORT training resulted in higher quality teacher-student relationships, and more active and less passive responses to bullying incidents, and whether these improvements in turn resulted in lower levels of bullying victimization. In a Randomized Controlled Trial 10 Belgian primary schools were randomly assigned to an intervention or control condition. The Grades 4–6 teachers of the five schools in the intervention condition received the three-session school-based training; control teachers received no intervention. Grade 4–6 students (N = 964; 55 classrooms) in these schools completed questionnaires at pre- and post-test. In contrast to the hypotheses, results of the two-level linear mixed model analyses revealed no significant effect of the training on teacher-student relationship quality, teachers’ responses to bullying and bullying victimization. Yet, higher quality teacher-student relationships and more active teacher responses to bullying were significantly associated with less bullying victimization, whereas more passive responses were linked with more victimization. The latter findings are in line with theorizing and research on the role that teachers can play in reducing bullying.
Template Generation and Fiducial Point Annotation for a Seismocardiographic Signal Acquired Near the Mitral Valve

In previous studies, seismocardiography (SCG) signals have been acquired from multiple locations on the chest wall. However, SCG near the mitral valve (MV) has not been investigated, and its utility in heart disease diagnosis has not been evaluated. This study assessed SCG applied to the clinical auscultation site of the mitral heart sound and generated SCG templates with annotated fiducial points. The clinical measurements of SCG and echocardiography were used for analysis. The flowchart elucidated analysis approaches based on training set and testing set division, signal processing paths for fiducial point identification, and template generation and validation. A morphological analysis leveraged the dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm to align SCG signals with different heart rates (HRs). Myocardial contractility indexes were derived by calculating cardiac timing intervals obtained from SCG fiducial points. The resultant cardiac indexes obeyed the negative proportional relationship of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) with a coefficient of determination of $\ge 0.75$ , and the tests of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve prediction demonstrated a minimum area under the ROC curve score of 91.2% in identifying patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. In this study, MV SCG was proven to be applicable for heart disease diagnosis for the first time. The cardiac index thresholds obtained in the experiments could be evaluated as surrogates of LVEF criteria for the assessment of myocardial contractility. This technique is expected to be used to reduce the readmission rate of patients with HF or those with ventricular dyssynchrony-related diseases.
The Effect of Sand Particle Size on the Burrowing Ability of the Beach Mysid Gastrosaccus psammodytes Tattersall

Abstract Laboratory studies on the burrowing rates of the mysid shrimp, Gastrosaccus psammodytes , in a series of well-sorted sediments, determined whether (1) burial times were dependent on grain size and (2) if natural population distribution may be influenced by grain size on beaches. Burial times were tested in nine well-sorted sediments with grain size ranging from 90 to 2000μm. Large individuals (i.e. gravid females) were used. G. psammodytes burrowed fastest in 125–1000μm sand with mean burial times less than 1·6s. Burial time increased to approximately 2s in 90–125μm sand. G. psammodytes could not burrow in grain sizes coarser than 1000μm. G. psammodytes has been reported to occur on beaches with grain sizes ranging from 90 to 500μm but are uncommon on beaches with coarser sand. It appears that population distribution may be influenced by grain size that is probably not related to the animals’ burial time ability, but rather their inability to burrow completely into coarse sand. Indirectly, grain size may also influence the morphodynamic state of a beach and therefore food availability since coarse-grained beaches tend to be reflective with little surf production.
ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES AND HUMAN IMPACT ON LANDSCAPE DEVELOPMENT IN THE UPPER RHINE REGION

interpretation of geoarchives. The investigations show a much higher level and an earlier begin of human interferences than previously assumed. Preferred settlement and farming areas since the onset of sedentarization and farming during Neolithic Times were the warmer and loess covered areas of the lowlands and foothills. However, also the higher zones of the mid mountain regions were used during climatically favourable periods (i.e. late Neolithic, Bronze Age, Roman Times). Thus a distinct contrast of the intensity of human impact between the lowlands and the highlands does not exist. It can rather be described as an interaction between different natural regions. Noticeable is the connection between changes in the ratio of woodland and open land and the geomorphodynamic processes. Nine main erosion/sedimentation phases can be distin guished due to different levels of land use intensity. Zusammenfassung: Die naturbedingten und anthropogenen Einfliisse auf die Landschaftsgenese des Oberrheingebiets und der angrenzenden Gebirge (Schwarzwald und Vogesen) werden mit Hilfe interdisziplinarer Arbeitsweisen untersucht. Dazu gehoren die 14C-gestiitzte Pollenanalyse sowie die Auswertung von archaologischen Funden und Geoarchiven an Auf schlussen und in Bohrprofilen. Die Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass der Einfluss des wirtschaftenden Menschen auf die Landschaft starker war und auch friiher einsetzte als bislang angenommen wurde. Bevorzugte Gebiete der fruhen Besied lung und landwirtschaftlichen Nutzung waren seit dem NeoHthikum die warmeren und von fruchtbaren Boden bedeckten Lossgebiete des Tieflandes und der Vorberge. Dennoch zeichnet sich bereits seit dieser Zeit auch die erste Nutzung der hoheren Berglagen im Schwarzwald und in den Vogesen ab. Entsprechend verringerte sich seit dem NeoHthikum und der Bronzezeit der deutliche Gegensatz zwischen dem siedlungsfeindlichen Gebirge und dem Tiefland, vor allem aber in der Kelten- und Romerzeit, womit auch die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den verschiedenen naturraumlichen Einheiten zunah men. Auffallend ist die Verbindung zwischen der Veranderung des Wald-Offenland-Verhaltnisses und der geomorphologi schen Prozesse. Entsprechend der intensiven Nutzung des Raumes konnen neun Sedimentationsphasen (Kolluvien und Au enlehme) unterschieden werden. Dabei ist neben der verstarkten Abtragung und Sedimentation (z. B. in der Romerzeit und im Hochmittelalter) die Abnahme bzw. das Ausbleiben von Auensedimenten in den klimatisch ungiinstigen Zeitabschnitten des Holozans auffallend (z. B. am Ubergang Bronze-/Eisenzeit oder wahrend der Volkerwanderungszeit).
Explicitly Semantic Guidance for Face Sketch Attribute Recognition With Imbalanced Data

Current facial attribute recognition (FAR) methods focus exclusively on photographs, and fail when applied to face sketches. Besides, face sketch attribute recognition (FSAR) encounters the following difficulties: the scarcity of labelled instances, the heavily imbalanced data distribution, and the inter-attribute correlations. To combat this challenge, in this letter, we propose a novel FSAR method based on the correlations between facial attributes and semantic regions. Our full model includes a shared feature extraction network, followed by several attribute-specific prediction branches. In each branch, we use the corresponding semantic mask, to select features from the associated region, for attribute prediction. Such explicitly semantic guidance (ESG) reduces the learning space, and thus alleviates the problems of limited data and imbalanced distribution. Besides, ESG decouples inter-attribute correlations, and makes the recognition process credible. Finally, we adopt the balanced cross-entropy loss during training, which further alleviates the problem of imbalanced data distribution. Experiments on the benchmark FS2K dataset demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms advanced visual recognition networks. Our codes have been released at: https://github.com/AiArt-HDU/ESGAR.