Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physiological and biochemical responses of Kinnow mandarin (Citrus nobilis × Citrus deliciosa) to EMS induced mutagenesis

The present study was carried out to enhance the genetic variability in Kinnow mandarin (Citrus nobilis Loureiro Physiological and biochemical responses of Kinnow mandarin (Citrus nobilis × Citrus deliciosa) to EMS induced mutagenesis Citrus deliciosa Tenora) using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) during 2016-17 and 2017-18. Plants created with different doses of EMS concentration, viz. 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.5% were examined for the various physiological and biochemical alterations in putative mutants aged six years and compared with the wild type (WT). A dose-dependent decrease in leaf area was recorded in the mutants with increasing doses of EMS concentration and as compared to WT, maximum reduction of 135.52 and 104.92% was witnessed in the mutants E-19 and E-17 developed from 0.5% EMS, whereas the leaves were more succulent in E-16. Chlorophyll a content was higher than chlorophyll b in the mutated population. As compared to WT, maximum decrease in chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll was noticed in the mutants E-19 generated from 0.5% EMS. Contrary to the physiological alterations, the total phenol, proline and total protein content in the mutants were upregulated by nearly two fold in the mutants developed beyond 0.1% EMS. Significant increase was also noticed in the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, POX and GR activity in the mutants E-16 to E-20 induced from 0.5% EMS. The variation in traits of interest observed in the present study such as better leaf succulency and upregulated antioxidant enzyme activity in the mutant E-16 (0.5% EMS) suggests that the developed mutant could be utilised in Kinnow improvement for abiotic stress tolerance.
Effect of Pre-Emulsion of Pea-Grass Carp Co-Precipitation Dual Protein on the Gel Quality of Fish Sausage

Currently, the processing method of introducing plant protein into meat products has attracted great attention. However, the direct addition of plant protein often leads to a decline in meat product quality. This paper aims to provide an efficient method for incorporating plant protein into fish sausage. Pea protein isolate (PPI), grass carp protein isolate (CPI) and pea-grass carp coprecipitated dual protein (Co) were derived from pea and grass carp by an isoelectric solubilisation/precipitation method. At the same time, the blended dual protein (BL) was obtained by blending PPI with CPI, and the plant and animal protein content of Co and BL was both controlled to be the same. The four proteins were combined with soybean oil and water to form a three-phase pre-emulsification system of protein-oil-water, which was added to grass carp meat as a replacement for animal fat to prepare fish sausage. The gelation properties of the four fish sausages and those without protein were analysed. The results showed that the gel quality of PPI fish sausage is poor, while the overall quality of Co fish sausage as a whole was significantly superior to that of PPI and BL, which was equivalent to CPI fish sausage. The sensory score of the Co fish sausage was slightly lower than that of CPI, but it had significantly higher water-holding capacity and hardness (p < 0.05). The Co fish sausage showed the synergistic effect of heterologous proteins, while BL had some antagonistic effects. This study shows that Co pre-emulsion is an effective strategy to introduce plant protein, so it has a good application prospect in the meat industry.
The Duty‐cycle of Gamma‐ray Blazars: a New Approach, New Results

We study several properties of blazars detected in the gamma‐ray energy range by comparing the EGRET sources with a sample of radio blazars which can be considered possible gamma‐ray candidates. We define three classes: non‐gamma‐ray blazars, blazars with quasi‐steady gamma‐ray emission, and gamma‐ray blazars with substantial activity level. By combining the information of detected and candidate AGNs, we characterise the blazar activity, including the discovery of a region of consistency between the gamma‐ray flaring duty‐cycle and the recurrence time between flares. We also find a possible relation between the activity index of FSRQs and their black hole mass.
Massive black hole binaries in gas-rich galaxy mergers; multiple regimes of orbital decay and interplay with gas inflows

We revisit the phases of the pairing and sinking of black holes (BHs) in galaxy mergers and circumnuclear discs in light of the results of recent simulations with massive BHs embedded in predominantly gaseous backgrounds. After a general overview we highlight for the first time the existence of a clear transition, for unequal mass BHs, between the regime in which the orbital decay is dominated by the conventional dynamical friction wake and one in which global disc torques associated with density waves launched by the secondary BH as well as co-orbital torques arising from gas gravitationally captured by the BH dominate and lead to faster decay. The new regime intervenes at BH binary separations of a few tens of parsecs and below, following a phase of orbital circularization driven dynamical friction. It bears some resemblance with planet migration in protoplanetary discs. While the orbital timescale is reasonably matched by the migration rate for the Type-I regime, the dominant negative torque arises near the co-rotation resonance, which is qualitatively similar to what is found in the so-called Type-III migration, the fastest migration regime identified so far for planets. This fast decay rate brings the BHs to separations of order 10−1 pc, the resolution limit of our simulations, in less than ∼107 yr in a smooth disc, while the decay timescale can increase to >108 yr in clumpy discs due to gravitational scattering with molecular clouds. Eventual gap opening at sub-pc scale separations will slow down the orbital decay subsequently. How fast the binary BH can reach the separation at which gravitational waves take over will be determined by the nature of the interaction with the circumbinary disc and the complex torques exerted the gas flowing through the edge of such disc, the subject of many recent studies. We also present a new intriguing connection between the conditions required for rapid orbital decay of massive BH binaries and those required for prominent gas inflows in gas-rich galaxies undergoing major mergers. We derive a condition for the maximum inflow rate that a circumnuclear disc can host while still maintaining a sufficiently high gas density at large radii to sustain the decay of a BH binary. We find that gas inflows rates exceeding 10 M⊙ yr−1, postulated to form massive BH seeds in some direct collapse models, would stifle the sinking of massive BH binaries in gas-dominated galactic nuclei. Vice-versa, lower inflow rates, below a solar mass per year, as required to feed typical active galactic nuclei (AGNs), are compatible with a fast orbital decay of BH binaries across a wide range of masses.
Family Ownership, Independent Commissioners, Audit Quality, And Tax Avoidance In Indonesia

This study determined the effect of profitability, family ownership, independent commissioners, and audit quality on tax avoidance. This current study analyzed manufacturing companies with family shareholders listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2019. The secondary data used in this study were originated from the companys annual report on its financial statements. The population in this study were all manufacturing companies with family shareholders listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2019. The 35 companies studied were selected using the purposive sampling technique. The analysis technique used was panel data regression using the Eviews 10 program. The results show that profitability has a negative effect on tax avoidance, family ownership has a positive effect on tax avoidance, independent commissioners, and audit quality has no effect on tax avoidance.
Numerical Investigation of the Steady-State Interaction Between Surface Effect Ship Seals, Air Cushion, Free-Surface Waves, and Vessel Motion.

The calm-water resistance for Surface Effect Ships (SESs) is studied with consideration for bow and stern seal interaction effects. Existing methods for SES resistance prediction have been unable to accurately predict bow/stern seal drag, which have been experimentally observed to be dominant in some cases in the low-speed regime. Prediction of the total resistance in the low-speed regime is of particular importance for SESs intended to operate at relatively low speeds (≈ 40 knots) to ensure adequate propulsion power is installed to surpass the secondary drag hump. The primary objective of this work is to study the effects of bow/stern seal interaction on SES total resistance in steady-state operations. A simple, effective, 2-D numerical model is developed based on coupling a linearized potential-flow solver with a single-degree-offreedom seal model and rigid body vessel motion model. Systematic validation studies are shown for the fluid and solid models. The resistance of a model-scale SES is predicted with both rigid and flexible seals to determine the influence of seal flexibility. The predicted seal resistance and vessel motion, as well as surface wave patterns, are compared with published experimental results. The numerical model is found to offer accurate predictions for the low-speed resistance of SES seal drag and vessel motion. When combined with other methods for predicting the other components of resistance, the total resistance is predicted reasonably accurately across a large range of Froude numbers. In addition, the physical mechanism that causes the large drag hump at lower speeds is identified as being related to the interaction of the bow seal wave with the stern seal. This interaction is found to be most important at xx the subhump and to become relatively minor at higher speeds. Thus, a hybrid method is proposed where the numerical model for seal drag is used at low speeds and a more traditional prediction method that ignores seal effects is used at higher speeds, where seal effects are small. Based on the results of this work, it may be possible to improve SES seal designs and overall vessel performance by introducing the possibility for activelycontrolled morphing/contouring seals.
Human Rights During Transition: Accountability Mechanisms in Mexican States 1997–2008

This paper assesses the impact of political and fiscal accountability mechanisms on the severity and scope of human rights violations in Mexico's states during its democratic transition. First, we argue that elites in states with lower levels of electoral accountability are free of constraints that would normally result in their removal from office should they engage in human rights violations. Similarly, we argue that local elites maintain power while evading accountability when supported by transfers from the central government, and are thereby freer to use force. We find statistical support for our claims that lower levels of procedural democracy and higher levels of central transfers are associated with higher levels of human rights and physical integrity rights violations. These results are robust to subsample and numerous economic and other factors. Our findings suggest that particularly during democratic transitions, subnational institutions are salient in explaining the frequency of human rights violations.
A FIRST ESTIMATE OF RADIO HALO STATISTICS FROM LARGE-SCALE COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATION

We present a first estimate based on a cosmological gas dynamics simulation of galaxy cluster radio halo counts to be expected in forthcoming low-frequency radio surveys. Our estimate is based on a FLASH simulation of the ΛCDM model for which we have assigned radio power to clusters via a model that relates radio emissivity to cluster magnetic field strength, intracluster turbulence, and density. We vary several free parameters of this model and find that radio halo number counts vary by up to a factor of two for average magnetic fields ranging from 0.2 to 3.1 μG. However, we predict significantly fewer low-frequency radio halos than expected from previous semi-analytic estimates, although this discrepancy could be explained by frequency-dependent radio halo probabilities as predicted in reacceleration models. We find that upcoming surveys will have difficulty in distinguishing models because of large uncertainties and low number counts. Additionally, according to our modeling we find that expected number counts can be degenerate with both reacceleration and hadronic secondary models of cosmic-ray generation. We find that relations between radio power and mass and X-ray luminosity may be used to distinguish models, and by building mock radio sky maps we demonstrate that surveys such as LOFAR may have sufficient resolution and sensitivity to break this model degeneracy by imaging many individual clusters.
Impact of Low Skeletal Muscle Mass and Obesity on Hearing Loss in Asymptomatic Individuals: A Population-Based Study

The relationship between low muscle mass (LMM) with obesity and hearing loss has been poorly studied. We aimed to investigate the association of LMM and obesity on hearing loss in the general population. A total of 265,792 adults who underwent a hearing test and body composition analyses were included. Pre-sarcopenia was defined as having an appendicular muscle mass index <5.7 kg/m2 for women and <7.0 kg/m2 for men, and obesity as a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, while pre-sarcopenic obesity was defined as the co-presence of LMM and obesity. Participants were divided into four groups according to the presence of pre-sarcopenia and/or obesity. The prevalence of hearing loss was 1.8% in the control, 2.5% in the pre-sarcopenia alone, 3.0% in the obesity alone, and 6.2% in the pre-sarcopenic obesity group (p < 0.001). Hearing Thresholds were the highest in the pre-sarcopenic obesity group compared with the other three groups. In multivariable-adjusted models, the risk of hearing loss was the highest in the pre-sarcopenic obesity group (odds ratio: 1.30 [95% confidence interval: 1.10–1.56]), followed by the obesity alone (1.20 [1.12–1.28]) and pre-sarcopenia alone (1.19 [1.06–1.34]) group compared with the control group (p < 0.001). Pre-sarcopenic obesity was independently associated with a higher prevalence of hearing loss, supporting pre-sarcopenic obesity itself as a risk for the decline in hearing function.
Comparison of statistical parameters for estimating the yield and stability of winter common wheat

Abstract. Data from different multi-environmental trails (MET) were analysed, including different number of varieties, number of locations and different research periods. The first experiment (24 PhD) included 24 wheat varieties that were studied in five locations of the country over a period of four years (2009-2012). The second field experiment (40 ABC) consists of 40 new advanced wheat lines and cultivars, which were studied in three locations over a three-year period (2017-2019). The grain yield datasets from the two experiments were used to make a direct comparison of various statistical parameters to assess the genotype stability against the background of significant growing conditions. The study involves the use of several statistical packages that are specialized for this purpose. Based on the ranking assessment of the values of each statistical parameter, a critical analysis was made of its relationship with the yield, for each dataset separately. For this purpose, the possibilities of correlation, principal component and cluster analyses were used. Parameters for which information differs between datasets or between statistical packages are removed from the analysis list. The final set of 31 parameters was analysed according to the set goal, after a statistically justified possibility to merge the two datasets. Most of the rank parameters do not show correlation with grain yield. The units are the parameters, the correlation of which is either positive (Pi, Ysi, TOP, λ) or, respectively, negative (DJi, NP(1), CVi]). The analysis of the data through different statistical approaches shows that the parameters correspond to the dynamic concept of stability assessment. Only one of the parameters (θi) is related to static stability assessment. In the presence of many more effective than it, it should not be applied because it is an exception from the analysed group. The groups of parameters of the regression coefficient (bi), the deviation from the regression line (s2di), ecovalence (W2i) and the stability variance (σ²i), give objective information about the behaviour of the variety in environmental conditions and it is not influenced by software. Some of the non-parametric [S(i) NP(i)] assessment methods provide diametrically opposed information for stability because of differences arising from either the dataset or the software used. Suitable for stability assessment are non-parametric approaches - [S(1) and S(2)], which is fully confirmed by the three software packages. Each of the used software packages contains a set of parameters, the application of which as a set gives correct information about all aspects of the wheat stability
Modeling the Quality Enablers of Supplier Chain Quality Management

It is essential to effectively integrate supply chain management and quality management, but a quality chain of suppliers and customers is a complex system relationship that remains poorly understood. An improved DEMATEL (Decision making trial and evaluation laboratory) and ISM (Interpretive structural modeling) integration approach was proposed to establish a systematic causal and hierarchical relationship of the quality enablers of supplier chain quality management (SCQM). The MICMAC method (cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification) was also used to classify the quality enablers of SCQM based on driving force and dependence force. The results suggest that organizations that develop SCQM implementation strategies should focus on quality enablers with high driving force, particularly on the quality enablers of strategy and leadership, information system usage and analysis, and cooperation and synergy of suppliers.
Core–mantle interactions for Mercury

Mercury is the target of two space missions: MESSENGER (NASA) which orbit insertion is planned for March 2011, and ESA/JAXA BepiColombo, that should be launched in 2014. Their instruments will observe the surface of the planet with a high accuracy (about 1 arcsec for BepiColombo), what motivates studying its rotation. Mercury is assumed to be composed of a rigid mantle and an at least partially molten core. We here study the influence of the core-mantle interactions on the rotation perturbed by the solar gravitational interaction, by modeling the core as an ellipsoidal cavity filled with inviscid fluid of constant uniform density and vorticity. We use both analytical (Lie transforms) and numerical tools to study this rotation, with different shapes of the core. We express in particular the proper frequencies of the system, because they characterize the response of Mercury to the different solicitations, due to the orbital motion of Mercury around the Sun. We show that, contrary to its size, the shape of the core cannot be determined from observations of either longitudinal or polar motions. However, we highlight the strong influence of a resonance between the proper frequency of the core and the spin of Mercury that raises the velocity field inside the core. We show that the key parameter is the polar flattening of the core. This effect cannot be directly derived from observations of the surface of Mercury, but we cannot exclude the possibility of an indirect detection by measuring the magnetic field.
Aggregation Cross-Entropy for Sequence Recognition

In this paper, we propose a novel method, aggregation cross-entropy (ACE), for sequence recognition from a brand new perspective. The ACE loss function exhibits competitive performance to CTC and the attention mechanism, with much quicker implementation (as it involves only four fundamental formulas), faster inference\back-propagation (approximately O(1) in parallel), less storage requirement (no parameter and negligible runtime memory), and convenient employment (by replacing CTC with ACE). Furthermore, the proposed ACE loss function exhibits two noteworthy properties: (1) it can be directly applied for 2D prediction by flattening the 2D prediction into 1D prediction as the input and (2) it requires only characters and their numbers in the sequence annotation for supervision, which allows it to advance beyond sequence recognition, e.g., counting problem. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/summerlvsong/Aggregation-Cross-Entropy.
The ratio of profile peak separations as a probe of pulsar radio-beam structure

The known population of pulsars contains objects with four and five component profiles, for which the peak-to-peak separations between the inner and outer components can be measured. These Q and M type profiles can be interpreted as a result of sightline cut through a nested cone beam, or through a set of azimuthal fan beams. We show that the ratio R_W of the components' separations provides a useful measure of the beam shape, which is mostly independent of parameters that determine the beam scale and complicate interpretation of simpler profiles. In particular, the method does not depend on the emission altitude and the dipole tilt distribution. The different structures of the radio beam imply manifestly different statistical distributions of R_W, with the conal model being several orders of magnitude less consistent with data than the fan beam model. To bring the conal model into consistency with data, strong effects of observational selection need to be called for, with 80% of Q and M profiles assumed to be undetected because of intrinsic blending effects. It is concluded that the statistical properties of Q and M profiles are more consistent with the fan-shaped beams, than with the traditional nested cone geometry.
Transition-Metal Pentatelluride ZrTe 5 and HfTe 5 : A Paradigm for Large-Gap Quantum Spin Hall Insulators

Quantum spin Hall (QSH) insulators, a new class of quantum matter, can support topologically protected helical edge modes inside a bulk insulating gap, which can lead to dissipationless transport. A major obstacle to reaching a wide application of QSH is the lack of suitable QSH compounds, which should be easily fabricated and have a large bulk gap. Here, we predict that single-layer ZrTe5 and HfTe5 are the most promising candidates for large-gap insulators, with a bulk direct (indirect) band gap as large as 0.4 eV (0.1 eV) and which are robust against external strains. The three-dimensional crystals of these two materials are good layered compounds with very weak interlayer bonding, and they are located near the phase boundary between weak and strong topological insulators, paving a new way for future experimental studies on both the QSH effect and topological phase transitions.