Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Positive coping supports children’s emotional wellness: Behavioral evidence and neuroendocrine mechanisms

A positive coping style is recognized as a stable disposition to foster emotional wellness and resilience, enabling an adaptive process of assessing and dealing with environmental challenges. Such an adaptive process is believed to rely on a nuanced interplay of the hippocampal system and the primary stress hormone cortisol activity. As a hallmark of diurnal cortisol rhythm, cortisol awakening response (CAR) is sensitive to upcoming stress and subserves the preparation of the hippocampal system for rapid behavioral adaption. Yet, little is known about how the hippocampal system and CAR contribute to the merit of positive coping on emotional wellness. By two studies, we investigate the effects of positive coping on children’s emotional wellness and CAR, as well as longitudinal changes in hippocampal-neocortical functional systems involved in emotional processing. Behaviorally, positive coping predicted better emotional regulation ability, but lower anxiety and lower response caution in emotional decision-making. At the endocrine and neurocognitive level, positive coping was associated with greater CAR, which further predicted higher connectivity of the hippocampus with ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) and stimulus-sensitive neocortex one year later. Furthermore, CAR mediated an indirect association between positive coping and longitudinal increases in hippocampal-neocortical connectivity. Positive coping and CAR together could account for the maturity of vlPFC through longitudinal changes in hippocampal-neocortical connectivity. Overall, our findings suggest a cognitive-neuroendocrinal framework in which positive coping shapes hippocampal-neocortical maturation via stress hormone response to support emotional wellness. Significance The role of the hippocampal system in regulating stress response is well recognized, but its contribution to emotional well-being is not yet understood. Here we show that the protective effects of positive coping on emotional well-being are contingent on two factors: the cortisol awakening response (CAR), which is sensitive to upcoming stress, and hippocampal development. We found that positive coping practices promoted emotional wellness, enhanced emotional decision-making and increased CAR in young children. Longitudinal neuroimaging analysis revealed that positive coping-related CAR predicted greater hippocampal connectivity with stimulus-sensitive neocortex one year later. Importantly, CAR acted as a mediator of the promotive influence of positive coping on the longitudinal development of hippocampal-neocortical connectivity, which contributed to the maturity of prefrontal control systems. Our findings emphasize the importance of hippocampal-neocortical development in resilient coping and emotional wellness.
Sibling Similarity Can Reveal Key Insights Into Genetic Architecture

The use of siblings to infer the factors influencing complex traits has been a cornerstone of quantitative genetics. Here we utilise siblings for a novel application: the identification of genetic architecture, specifically that in individuals with extreme trait values (e.g. in the top 1%). Establishing genetic architecture in these individuals is important because they are at greatest risk of disease and are most likely to harbour rare variants of large effect due to natural selection. We develop a theoretical framework that derives expected trait distributions of siblings based on an index sibling’s trait value and trait heritability. This framework is used to develop statistical tests that can infer complex genetic architecture in trait tails, distinguishing between polygenic, de novo and Mendelian tail architecture. We apply our tests to UK Biobank data here, while they can be used to infer genetic architecture in any cohort or health registry that includes siblings, without requiring genetic data. We describe how our approach has the potential to help disentangle the genetic and environmental causes of extreme trait values, to identify individuals likely to carry pathogenic variants for follow-up clinical genetic testing, and to improve the design and power of future sequencing studies to detect rare variants.
Convergence of atmospheric simulations with increasing horizontal resolution and fixed forcing scales

A series of experiments with the NCAR Community Climate Model, Version 2 (CCM2) isexamined in which the grid and scale of the physical parameterizations are held fixed while thehorizontal resolution of the dynamical core is increased. The convergence characteristics ofthese dual-resolution simulations are compared to those of simulations with the standard modelin which the resolutions of both the dynamical core and physical parameterizations are increasedtogether, as traditionally done in atmospheric model convergence studies. With the standardmodel the upward branch of the local Hadley circulation increases in strength with increasinghorizontal resolution and does not converge by T170 truncation. As the dynamical resolutionis increased, but the parameterization resolution held fixed, the dual-resolution model simulationsconverge to a state close to that produced by the standard model at the fixed parameterizationresolution. The mid-latitude transient aspects do not converge with increasing resolutionwhen the scale of the physics is held fixed. The nonlinear interactions in the dynamics createfiner scales, with or without the finer scale forcing. However, the lower resolution T42 scalesappear to converge. These convergence characteristics are shared by both the dual-resolutionmodel and the standard model when horizontal resolution is increased. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1999. 00009.x
Turbulent plane jet with and without confining end walls

THE published data on turbulent plane jets show variations in both the mean and turbulence quantities that in most instances have been attributed to differences in experimental conditions. The major influencing factors are the inlet geometry and aspect ratio of the nozzle, the nature of the exit velocity profile and the associated magnitude of the turbulence intensity, the Reynolds number at the nole exit, and the state of the ambient environment.1'2 However, one fundamental difference among plane jet apparatus that is not well documented concerns the use of confining end walls and/or a wall section at the plane of exit. This paper describes the characteristics of a plane jet issuing from a wall with and without confining end walls. The objectives are to provide a perspective for the comparison of existing data under these conditions and to identify the relative merits of the two configurations for the design of future experiments. Contents The plane jet flow facility consists of a centrifugal blower that supplies air via a 1.0-m diffuser section to a 400 mm x 600 mm x 12.5 mm settling chamber, followed by a corner section containing 90-deg turning vanes, a second shorter settling chamber, and finally a 40:1 two-dimensional contraction (based on a cosine curve) that ends as a 600-mm long x 10-mm wide (D) slot. The design of the nozzle insures that the exit turbulence intensity is low [(u2)l/2/U0 = 0.008] and that the wall boundary layers at the exit will be laminar. The jet issues vertically from a horizontal wall section extending along the length of the slot and 1.1 m to each side and may be confined by removable vertical walls located at each end of the slot and extending 1.1 m to the sides and 1.85 m downstream, and vertical screens of open air ratio 0.8 spanning the ends of the vertical walls. The jet exit velocity U0 was 11.0 m/s for all of the test runs, and the Reynolds number based on U0 and the slot width D was 7230.3 Mean velocities were measured independently with a pitot tube (connected to an electronic micromanometer) and also simultaneously with a pitot tube and a normal hot-wire (HWA) separated by 5 mm in the spanwise (z) direction. In addition to near-field pitot tube measurements that confirmed the symmetry of the exit profile, detailed lateral velocity profiles were obtained in the far-field regions of the free and the confined jets to identify any structural differences and to determine the extent of two-dimension ality. The far-field profiles for the free jet show considerably more twisting and variability along the length of the slot than those of the confined jet. The walls of the confined jet achieved the expected effect of extending the region of two-dimension ality. For the streamwise region between x/D = 50 and 100, the standard deviation of the growth rates of the confined jet, based on
Erratum: “Looking for Gravity-Mode Multiplets with the GOLF Experiment aboard SOHO” (ApJ, 604, 455 [2004])

As a result of an error at the Press, the second panel of Figure 9 was repeated twice in the top row of the printed, black-andwhite version of this figure, and the first panel was omitted. This error appears in the print edition and the PDF and postscript (PS) versions available with the electronic edition of the journal, although the panels of the color figure displayed in the electronic article itself are correct. Please see below for the corrected print version of Figure 9. The Press sincerely regrets the error.
Power Augmentation Effects of a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine With a Tip Vane—Part 1: Turbine Performance and Tip Vane Configuration

This paper describes the experimental results of output power augmentation of a horizontal axis wind turbine with a tip vane. In order to find the relationship between the performance of the turbine and the configuration of the tip vane, various types and sizes were used. It was found that V-type and S-type tip vanes can improve turbine performance. Also, the dimensions of V- and S-type tip vanes were investigated. The maximum improvement achieved was a 25 prevent increase in power in a existing wind turbine without a tip vane.
RMG Sort: Radix-Partitioning-Based Multi-GPU Sorting

: In recent years, graphics processing units (GPUs) emerged as database accelerators due to their massive parallelism and high-bandwidth memory. Sorting is a core database operation with many applications, such as output ordering, index creation, grouping, and sort-merge joins. Many single-GPU sorting algorithms have been shown to outperform highly parallel CPU algorithms. Today’s systems include multiple GPUs with direct high-bandwidth peer-to-peer (P2P) interconnects. However, previous multi-GPU sorting algorithms do not efficiently harness the P2P transfer capability of modern interconnects, such as NVLink and NVSwitch. In this paper, we propose RMG sort, a novel radix partitioning-based multi-GPU sorting algorithm. We present a most-significant-bit partitioning strategy that efficiently utilizes high-speed P2P interconnects while reducing inter-GPU communication. Independent of the number of GPUs, we exchange radix partitions between the GPUs in one all-to-all P2P key swap and achieve nearly-perfect load balancing. We evaluate RMG sort on two modern multi-GPU systems. Our experiments show that RMG sort scales well with the input size and the number of GPUs, outperforming a parallel CPU-based sort by up to 20 × . Compared to two state-of-the-art, merge-based, multi-GPU sorting algorithms, we achieve speedups of up to 1 . 3 × and 1 . 8 × across both systems. Excluding the CPU-GPU data transfer times and on eight GPUs, RMG sort outperforms the two merge-based multi-GPU sorting algorithms up to 2 . 7 × and 9 . 2 × .
A Calculation of the Number of Lattice Points in the Circle and Sphere

(3) V x) = Hx P (k/2 + 1) P2(x) has been investigated by many celebrated mathematicians and Wilton [11 gives an account of the early work. More recently there have been theoretical investigations of Pk(X) for higher dimensions, particularly by Walfisz [2], whose notation is being followed here. We write P2(x) = O(xc) to mean, in the usual sense, that there exists K such that I P2(x) L/xc 0, and a sequence of values of x tending to infinity, for which I P2(x) I/xc > K that is, the negation of P2(x) = o(xc). Gauss observed that P2(x) = 0(X1/2) Hua [3] has shown that P2(X) = 0(x 1340),
Atomically sharp catalyst-free wurtzite GaAs /AlGaAs nanoneedles grown on silicon

We report a catalyst-free, self-assembled growth mode generating single-crystal wurtzite phase ultrasharp GaAs∕AlGaAs nanoneedles on both GaAs and Si substrates via low-temperature metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The needles exhibit record-narrow tip diameters of 2–4nm wide and sharp 6°–9° taper angles. The length is dependent on growth time and up to 3–4μm nanoneedles are attained. The structures do not exhibit twinning defects, contrary to typical GaAs nanowires grown by vapor-liquid-solid catalyzed growth. AlGaAs layered nanoneedle structures are also demonstrated.
Impedance Spectroscopy of Ba5GdTi3V7O30

The polycrystalline sample of Ba5GdTi3V7O30, a member of tungsten bronze structural family, was prepared by a high-temperature solid-state reaction technique. A preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis suggests the formation of single-phase compound with orthorhombic structure. The effect of temperature on impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range (10^2 – 10^6 Hz) at different temperatures. The real and imaginary part of complex impedance traces semicircle(s) in the complex plane. The temperature dependent plots reveal the presence of both bulk and grain boundary effects. The bulk resistance of the material decreases with rise in temperature. This exhibits a typical negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) behavior of the material. The modulus analysis suggests a possible hopping mechanism for electrical transport processes of the material. The nature of variation of dc conductivity suggests Arrhenius type of electrical conductivity.
Vertical Structure in Atmospheric Fog and Haze and Its Effects on Visible and Infrared Extinction

Abstract Vertical structure of the size distribution and number concentration of particulates in atmospheric fog and haze near Grafenwohr, West Germany, were measured with a balloonborne light-scattering aerosol counter for periods spanning parts of eight days in February 1976. For haze (∼5 km visibility) conditions, little vertical variation is seen; but for low visibility (<1 km) fog conditions, significant vertical increases in concentration of droplets with radii larger than 4 μm are seen over the first 150 m altitude. For haze, the particle size distribution is approximated by a log-normal with geometric mean radius rg≈0.2 μm and geometric standard deviation σg≈1.9. For fog, a bimodal distribution is found with a relative maximum for the larger particle mode at radii of 4 to 6 μm and corresponding values rg≈5 μm and σg≈1.6; the smaller particle mode has values of rg≈0.3 μm to rg≈0.6 μm and σg≈1.8 to σg≈2.5. Liquid water content values for haze and fog range from 10−4 to 0.45 g m−3. Extinction calcula.
The flow past a rapidly rotating circular cylinder in a uniform stream

A circular cylinder is rotating in a uniform stream of viscous liquid, the circumferential velocity of the cylinder being much greater than that of the uniform stream. It is shown that the effect of the uniform stream can be regarded as a small perturbation of the rotary flow due to the cylinder, and that a uniformly valid first approximation to the flow field can be obtained in this way. This approximate solution has the interesting property that the circulation about any circular contour concentric with the cylinder is the same. The lift on the cylinder is shown to be that given by the classical formula, and the drag force is zero to the order of the approximation considered.
Land–Atmosphere Interactions during a Northwestern Argentina Low Event

Abstract The impact of changes in soil moisture in subtropical Argentina in rainfall distribution and low-level circulation is studied with a state-of-the-art regional model in a downscaling mode, with different scenarios of soil moisture for a 10-day period. The selected case (starting 29 January 2003) was characterized by a northwestern Argentina low event associated with well-defined low-level northerly flow that extended east of the Andes over subtropical latitudes. Four tests were conducted at 40-km horizontal resolution with 31 sigma levels, decreasing and increasing the soil moisture initial condition by 50% over the entire domain, and imposing a 50% reduction over northwest Argentina and 50% increase over southeast South America. A control run with NCEP/Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) initial conditions was used to assess the impact of the different soil moisture configurations. It was found that land surface interactions are stronger when soil moisture is decreased, with a coherent reducti.
A Search for Nontriggered Gamma-Ray Bursts in the BATSE Continuous Records: First Results

An off-line scan for nontriggered gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in the BATSE daily records at 1024 ms time resolution covering about 7 yr of observations gave 1353 nontriggered and 1581 triggered GRBs. The scan efficiency was measured by adding artificial test bursts to the data. The log N- log P distribution could be extended down to peak fluxes, P ~ 0.1 photons cm-2 s-1. Previous indications of a turnover at small P are not confirmed. The log N- log P distribution cannot be fitted with a standard candle model with a nonevolving GRB source population, assuming that there are no large non-GRB contaminations. It is likely that the intrinsic luminosity function of GRBs is wide.
Experimental characterization of hexatic smectic phases through electro-optic studies and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy

The electro-optic and complex dielectric behaviour of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal 4-(1-methylheptyloxycarbonyl)phenyl 4′-(n-butanoyloxyprop-1-oxy)biphenyl-4-carboxylate, having chiral SmCA* and hexatic smectic phases, have been investigated. Complex dielectric permittivities were measured as a function of frequency, d.c. bias field and temperature. Spontaneous polarization was measured by the current reversal technique; tilt angle was measured under a polarizing microscope using a low frequency electric field. The electro-optic properties and dielectric behaviour of the material are compared with results obtained by DSC and polarizing optical microscopy. Dielectric relaxation processes in SmCA* and hexatic smectic phases were determined. The dielectric strength at the SmCA* to hexatic smectic phase transition is discussed in terms of coupling between the long range bond orientational order and smectic C director. It seems from the results of spontaneous polarization and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy that the material might possess an additional phase between the SmCA* and hexatic smectic I* phases.
Rational design of high-responsivity detectors of terahertz radiation based on distributed self-mixing in silicon field-effect transistors

In search of novel detectors of electromagnetic radiation at terahertz frequencies, field-effect transistors (FETs) have recently gained much attention. The current literature studies them with respect to the excitation of plasma waves in the two-dimensional channel. Circuit aspects have been taken into account only to a limited degree. In this paper, we focus on embedding silicon FETs in a proper circuitry to optimize their responsivity to terahertz radiation. This includes impedance-matched antenna coupling and amplification of the rectified signal. Special attention is given to the investigation of high-frequency short-circuiting of the gate and drain contacts by a capacitive shunt, a common approach of high-frequency electronics to induce resistive mixing in transistors. We theoretically study the effect of shunting in the framework of the Dyakonov–Shur plasma-wave theory, with the following key results. In the quasistatic limit, the capacitive shunt induces the longitudinal high-frequency field neede.
Total energy calculations of the lattice properties of cubic and hexagonal diamond

Using a first-principles method based on density functional theory, we have carried out a study of static properties and vibration frequencies at the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ point of cubic and hexagonal diamonds. The bulk modulus and bond length are found to be slightly larger in hexagonal diamond than in cubic diamond. At the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ point, there are five Raman active modes with three different frequencies but no IR active mode of hexagonal diamond is found. The Raman active modes of hexagonal diamond contain one nondegenerate mode ${A}_{1g}$ and two doubly degenerate modes ${E}_{1g}$ and ${E}_{2g}. $ The calculated frequency of the triply degenerate Raman active mode (1334 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1})$ of cubic diamond agrees very well with the experimental value (1333 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1})$.
Anisotropic acousto-optic diffraction by leaky wave radiation in ZX-LiNbO3

The anisotropic light diffraction by bulk acoustic waves (BAWs) radiated by an interdigital transducer (IDT) operating at the leaky surface acoustic wave resonance in ZX-lithium niobate has been experimentally studied at an optical wavelength of 633nm in the range of acoustic frequencies from 35to190MHz. The possibility of optical probing of the IDT-radiated BAW properties is demonstrated. The experimentally determined values of the BAW propagation angle and velocity are 25° and 4050m∕s, respectively.
Influence of end plates and free ends on the shedding frequency of circular cylinders

The cylinder end boundaries, whether they be end plates or simple free ends, alter the vortex-shedding mechanism near these boundaries. This effect has in the past usually been overlooked. In a region near an end plate or a free end (ranging from 6 to 15 cylinder diameters in length), the shedding frequency f2 is found to be 10–15% less than the regular Strouhal frequency fs. The latter frequency is observed over the remaining cylinder length. The simultaneous occurrence of two frequencies results in a beat frequency, which is best observed at the junction of the two regions characterized by fs and f2 respectively. A third frequency f3 with fs > f3 > f2 is observed over the entire cylinder length when the cylinder is bounded by two end plates less than 20 to 30 cylinder diameters apart. Here the critical Reynolds number for the onset of shedding is shifted to about 60 and the laminar Reynolds-number range is extended from about 150 to about 250.
Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) formulation for hyperelastoplasticity

The arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) description in non‐linear solid mechanics is nowadays standard for hypoelastic–plastic models. An extension to hyperelastic–plastic models is presented here. A fractional‐step method—a common choice in ALE analysis—is employed for time‐marching: every time‐step is split into a Lagrangian phase, which accounts for material effects, and a convection phase, where the relative motion between the material and the finite element mesh is considered. In contrast to previous ALE formulations of hyperelasticity or hyperelastoplasticity, the deformed configuration at the beginning of the time‐step, not the initial undeformed configuration, is chosen as the reference configuration. As a consequence, convecting variables are required in the description of the elastic response. This is not the case in previous formulations, where only the plastic response contains convection terms. In exchange for the extra convective terms, however, the proposed ALE approach has a major advantage: only the quality of the mesh in the spatial domain must be ensured by the ALE remeshing strategy; in previous formulations, it is also necessary to keep the distortion of the mesh in the material domain under control. Thus, the full potential of the ALE description as an adaptive technique can be exploited here. These aspects are illustrated in detail by means of three numerical examples: a necking test, a coining test and a powder compaction test. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.