Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Combined Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Motor Training on Corticospinal Excitability in Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Combined non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) and rehabilitation interventions have the potential to improve function in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP), however their effects on developing brain function are not well understood. In a proof-of-principle study, we used single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to measure changes in corticospinal excitability and relationships to motor performance following a randomized controlled trial consisting of 10 days of combined constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) and cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied to the contralesional motor cortex. Twenty children and young adults (mean age = 12 years, 9 months, range = 7 years, 7 months, 21 years, 7 months) with UCP participated. TMS testing was performed before, after, and 6 months after the intervention to measure motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude and cortical silent period (CSP) duration. The association between neurophysiologic and motor outcomes and differences in excitability between hemispheres were examined. Contralesional MEP amplitude decreased as hypothesized in five of five participants receiving active tDCS immediately after and 6 months after the intervention, however no statistically significant differences between intervention groups were noted for MEP amplitude [mean difference = −323.9 μV, 95% CI = (−989, 341), p = 0.34] or CSP duration [mean difference = 3.9 ms, 95% CI = (−7.7, 15.5), p = 0.51]. Changes in corticospinal excitability were not statistically associated with improvements in hand function after the intervention. Across all participants, MEP amplitudes measured in the more-affected hand from both contralesional (mean difference = −474.5 μV) and ipsilesional hemispheres (−624.5 μV) were smaller compared to the less-affected hand. Assessing neurophysiologic changes after tDCS in children with UCP provides an understanding of long-term effects on brain excitability to help determine its potential as a therapeutic intervention. Additional investigation into the neurophysiologic effects of tDCS in larger samples of children with UCP are needed to confirm these findings.
Effect of organic manures and number of cuttings on growth, yield and quality of Indian spinach.

vegetable grown and consumed in India. It is native of Indo-Chinese region. It was known in China as early as 647AD (Nath, 1976). In India this leafy vegetable commonly known as palak and it is popular due to its high nutritive value belongs to genus Beta , species vulgaris and family chenopodiaceae with Chromosome number 2n=18 (Purohit, 1968). Indian spinach leaves are valued for their medicinal properties and are used in inflammation, paralysis, headache and remedy for diseases of spleen and liver, It also act as mild lacerative besides other medicinal value, it supply most of the nutrients in which other foods are deficient. Indian spinach is used as fresh vegetable for cooking and also in salad form. Indian spinach is cultivated for its fresh and green leaves Members of the Research Forum
Hyperglycemia and Diabetes in Patients With Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorders Response to Cohen

Among the first million patients who received metformin in the U.S., 47 patients developed metforminassociated lactic acidosis (MALA), with 43 having predisposing factors for lactic acidosis (including moderate to severe renal failure and congestive heart failure) (1). Although there was initial concern, studies have suggested that MALA is secondary to underlying conditions and represents a coincidental finding (2,3). While the current consensus is that the risk of lactic acidosis is negligible when metformin is used as labeled (4), we present a patient who developed MALA in the absence of currently recognized contraindications to metformin. A 55-year-old man with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and mild renal insufficiency (measured creatinine clearance 91 ml/min) presented with sudden onset of fatigue, vomiting, and altered mental status after performing strenuous yard work without sufficient hydration. His medications included nifedipine, captopril, hydrochlorothiazide, glyburide, and metformin. The patient rapidly developed respiratory distress and hypotension necessitating intubation and vasoactive agents. Laboratory studies revealed a serum creatinine level of 9.4 mg/dl, pH 6.98, CO2 6 mmol/l, and lactic acid 27 mmol/l. Evaluation using a computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance angiography of the abdomen/pelvis, various cultures and cardiac echocardiogram could not reveal an etiology for lactic acidosis. Serum metformin level (ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT) was 8 mg/l (therapeutic range 1–2). Continuous venovenous hemofiltration was initiated immediately. Conservative management was followed by rapid amelioration of his general status. He was extubated within 24 h, continuous venovenous hemofiltration was stopped after 36 h, and he was discharged 6 days after presentation without deficits. This case is unique in that MALA developed in the absence of currently recognized risk factors or predisposing conditions. Although this patient had mild impairment of kidney function, contraindication criteria for the use of metformin were not met (5). The patient was taking 2 g metformin per day, which is within the recommended therapeutic range. In our opinion, a threshold serum creatinine level above normal range should not be considered safe for metformin use because renal function can rapidly deteriorate in patients with even mild underlying kidney disease, resulting in accumulation of metformin and development of MALA. We suggest that consideration be given to avoiding metformin in patients with any degree of renal dysfunction.
field of astrogeology . 2 The Early Days

We examine the historical development of astrophysical science in Antarctica from the early 20th century until today. We find three temporally overlapping eras, each having a rather distinct beginning. These are the astrogeological era of meteorite discovery, the high energy era of particle detectors, and the photon astronomy era of microwave, sub–mm and infrared telescopes, sidelined by a few niche experiments at optical wavelengths. The favourable atmospheric and geophysical conditions are briefly examined, followed by an account of the major experiments and a summary of their results.
Does the Tail Wag the Dog? The Effect of Credit Default Swaps on Credit Risk∗

We use credit default swaps (CDS) trading data to demonstrate that the credit risk of reference firms, reflected in rating downgrades and bankruptcies, increases significantly upon the inception of CDS trading, a finding that is robust after controlling for the endogeneity of CDS trading. Additionally, distressed firms are more likely to file for bankruptcy if they are linked to CDS trading. Furthermore, firms with more “no restructuring” contracts than other types of CDS contracts (i.e., contracts that include restructuring) are more adversely affected by CDS trading, and the number of creditors increases after CDS trading begins, exacerbating creditor coordination failure in the resolution of financial distress.
PENGARUH CARA PEMBERIAN KONSENTRAT-HIJAUAN TERHADAP RESPON FISIOLOGIS DAN PERFORMA SAPI PERANAKAN SIMMENTAL The Effect of Providing Forage-Concentrate on Physiological Response and Performance of Simmental Cross Beef Cattle

The objective of this research was to study the effect of providingforage and concentrate on physiological response and performance of Simental Cross Beef Cattle. This research was conducted by using Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three treatments and four blocks. Beef cattle that used are bull of Simental Cross Beef Cattle with the body weight between 280—359 kg. The treatment of providingforage and two hours late concentrate (P1), providing concentrate and two hours late forage (P2), providing forage together concentrate (P3). The data in this research is tested by analyzed of variance and continued with Least Significance Difference (LSD). The result of this research showed that providing forage and concentrate was significant (P<0,05) on the respiration rate,heart rate, body temperature, dry matter intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio. The providing forage together concentrate (P3) was the best treatment.
Social Inequalities Along the Childhood Cancer Continuum: An Overview of Evidence and a Conceptual Framework to Identify Underlying Mechanisms and Pathways

Inequalities in health according to social conditions are regarded as unnecessary and unjust. There is a large body of evidence on inequalities in adult cancer, observable throughout the societies on a national level as well as on a global scale. Socioeconomic influences on health matter at all ages including childhood, for which childhood cancer is the leading cause of disease related death in high-income countries (HICs). Substantial differences in the reported incidence of childhood cancers have been observed globally by socioeconomic development of a population. This is reflected in the higher incidence rates reported for HICs, particularly for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and for cancer in infants (below 1 year), compared to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Considerable inequalities between populations and degree of socioeconomic development are also noted for survival from childhood cancer, with substantially lower survival rates seen in most LMICs compared to HICs. With respect to inequalities by socioeconomic position (SEP) within countries, findings of an association between SEP and childhood cancer risk are diverse and limited to studies from HICs. On the contrary, observations on social inequalities in survival within countries are accumulating and indicate that survival inequalities do not only concern resource-poor countries but also high-income populations including European countries. In turn, a childhood cancer diagnosis in itself may have implications on the parents' socioeconomic situation as well as on the later socioeconomic life after having survived the disease. The underlying mechanisms and causal pathways of these empirically demonstrated social inequalities are poorly understood, although it is of significant public health relevance for any actions or strategies to reduce childhood cancer-related inequity. We propose a conceptual framework on potential underlying mechanism and pathways specifically addressing social inequalities in childhood cancer and after childhood cancer to (i) illustrate potential pathways by which social determinants may create health inequities at different points of the childhood cancer continuum; (ii) illustrate potential pathways by which a childhood cancer diagnosis may impact the socioeconomic situation of the concerned family or the later life of a childhood survivor; and (iii) point out how major determinants may relate to each other.
Uncovering Genomic Regions Associated With 36 Agro-Morphological Traits in Indian Spring Wheat Using GWAS

Wheat genetic improvement by integration of advanced genomic technologies is one way of improving productivity. To facilitate the breeding of economically important traits in wheat, SNP loci and underlying candidate genes associated with the 36 agro-morphological traits were studied in a diverse panel of 404 genotypes. By using Breeders’ 35K Axiom array in a comprehensive genome-wide association study covering 4364.79 cM of the wheat genome and applying a compressed mixed linear model, a total of 146 SNPs (-log10 P ≥ 4) were found associated with 23 traits out of 36 traits studied explaining 3.7–47.0% of phenotypic variance. To reveal this a subset of 260 genotypes was characterized phenotypically for six quantitative traits [days to heading (DTH), days to maturity (DTM), plant height (PH), spike length (SL), awn length (Awn_L), and leaf length (Leaf_L)] under five environments. Gene annotations mined ∼38 putative candidate genes which were confirmed using tissue and stage specific gene expression data from RNA Seq. We observed strong co-localized loci for four traits (glume pubescence, SL, PH, and awn color) on chromosome 1B (24.64 cM) annotated five putative candidate genes. This study led to the discovery of hitherto unreported loci for some less explored traits (such as leaf sheath wax, awn attitude, and glume pubescence) besides the refined chromosomal regions of known loci associated with the traits. This study provides valuable information of the genetic loci and their potential genes underlying the traits such as awn characters which are being considered as important contributors toward yield enhancement.
The Relationship Between Cognitive Functions and Sport-Specific Motor Skills in Elite Youth Soccer Players

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between basic cognitive functions and sport-specific motor skills in elite youth soccer players. A total of 15 elite youth soccer players aged 11–13 years performed a computer-based test battery measuring the attention window (AW), perceptual load (PL), working memory capacity (WMC), and multiple object tracking (MOT). Another set of tests was used to asses speed abilities and football-specific technical skills (sprint, change of direction, dribbling, ball control, shooting, and juggling). Spearman’s correlation tests showed that the diagonal AW was positively associated with dribbling skills (rs = 0.656) which indicates that a broader AW could be beneficial for highly demanding motor skills like dribbling. WMC was positively related to dribbling (rs = 0.562), ball control (rs = 0.669), and ball juggling (rs = 0.727). Additionally, the cumulated score of all cognitive tests was positively related to the cumulated motor test score (rs = 0.614) which supports the interplay of physical and psychological skills. Our findings highlight the need for more, and especially longitudinal, studies to enhance the knowledge of cognition-motor skill relationships for talent identification, talent development, and performance in soccer.
Order Flow Volatility and Equity Costs of Capital

We uncover a new determinant of equity costs of capital. Specifically, we show that levels of and shocks to order flow volatility are positively and significantly correlated with existing illiquidity proxies, and strongly predict stock returns in the cross section. The impact of such shocks on stock prices is reflected within one month in large, visible stocks, but takes over six months to be fully reflected in small, “neglected” stocks. We interpret order flow volatility as proxying for costs of information asymmetry, as order flow volatility varies positively with parameters that also influence adverse selection costs of trading.
Concerning reconnection‐induction balance at the magnetopause of Mercury

Mercury's weak internal dipole field is subject to an intense solar wind; and thus, only a small magnetospheric cavity is created. The location of the outer boundary, the magnetopause, is mainly controlled by a pressure balance between the solar wind pressure outside and magnetic pressure inside, but during times of intense dayside reconnection the standoff distance may be reduced due to erosion. For the Hermean magnetosphere, different erosion mechanisms such as direct flux transport, neutral current sheet enhancement, field‐aligned currents, and interplanetary magnetic field penetration are compared. As any of these erosion mechanisms change the external field experienced by the planet, currents are induced within the electrically conductive planetary interior. Secondary magnetic fields from these induced currents counteract their source by temporarily increasing the planetary magnetic moment. The amplitude of this compensation depends on the interior electrical conductivity structure. Using a magnetospheric model, that is based on in situ MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging data, as well as a simple conductivity model for the planetary interior, we give an estimate of the induced magnetic field range possible for various internal conductivity structures and external forcings. Considering the planetary response to the magnetospheric field changes opens a possibility to probe the planetary interior—a method especially suited for the upcoming BepiColombo mission to Mercury.
In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Robenidine, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid and Polymyxin B Nonapeptide Against Important Human and Veterinary Pathogens

The emergence and global spread of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens demand alternative strategies to treat life-threatening infections. Combination drugs and repurposing of old compounds with known safety profiles that are not currently used in human medicine can address the problem of multidrug-resistant infections and promote antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary medicine. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of robenidine alone or in combination with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or polymyxin B nonapeptide (PMBN) against Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, including those associated with canine otitis externa and human skin and soft tissue infection, was evaluated in vitro using microdilution susceptibility testing and the checkerboard method. Fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) and dose reduction indices (DRI) of the combinations against tested isolates were determined. Robenidine alone was bactericidal against Acinetobacter baumannii [minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) mode = 8 μg/ml] and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (MIC mode = 2 μg/ml). Against Acinetobacter spp. , an additivity/indifference of the combination of robenidine/EDTA (0.53 > FICIs > 1.06) and a synergistic effect of the combination of robenidine/PMBN (0.5 < FICI) were obtained. DRIs of robenidine were significantly increased in the presence of both EDTA and PMBN from 2- to 2048-fold. Robenidine exhibited antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of either EDTA or PMBN. Robenidine also demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens and all Gram-negative pathogens isolated from cases of canine otitis externa in the presence of EDTA. Robenidine did not demonstrate antibiofilm activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. EDTA facilitated biofilm biomass degradation for both Gram-positives and Gram-negatives. The addition of robenidine to EDTA was not associated with any change in the effect on biofilm biomass degradation. The combination of robenidine with EDTA or PMBN has potential for further exploration and pharmaceutical development, such as incorporation into topical and otic formulations for animal and human use.
Analisis Pengaruh Kepemilikan Manajerial, Firm Size, dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Tindakan Tax Avoidance

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh kepemilikan manajerial, ukuran perusahaan dan profitabilitas terhadap penghindaran pajak. Variabel independen yang digunakan adalah kepemilikan manajerial, ukuran perusahaan, dan profitabilitas. Variabel dependen yang digunakan adalah penghindaran pajak. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah perusahaan property dan real estate yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) pada periode 2018-2020. Metode penentuan sampel yang digunakan adalah metode purposive sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 19 perusahaan selama periode pengamatan 3 tahun berturut-turut sehingga total sampel 57. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan manajerial dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penghindaran pajak. Sementara itu, profitabilitas tidak berpengaruh terhadap penghindaran pajak.
Theoretical Formulation of Piping Mechanism in Cohesive Soils

Synopsis A theory is presented for piping mechanism in cohesive soils which is also applicable to cohesionless soils. Taken into consideration are the various forces acting on a soil element, namely the drag force due to water flow, the submerged weight and the soil tensile strength. The theory explains the high resistance of cohesive soils to piping. It was found that the safety factor against piping in a cohesive soil is inversely proportional to the size of the aggregate that may be washed out. An assessment of the size of aggregate is made possible by the theory developed. Experimental results are presented and correlated with the theory. Cet article presente une theorie sur le mecanisme de canalisation pour les sols coherents. Il est tenu compte des forces diverses agissant sur un element de sol, a savoir la force de resistance due a l'ecoulement de l'eau, le poids submerge et la resistance a la traction du sol. La theorie explique la grande resistance des sols coherents au transport par canalisation.
Teaching Creative Thinking Skills

With an increasing degree of complexity in the retail business, future business success for retail professionals will likely require creative problem-solving abilities. Therefore, there is a need for retail merchandising programs to emphasize creative problem solving because creativity can be learned. In this study, we share how an undergraduate-level creative problem-solving class is designed and implemented to enhance retail merchandising students’ creative problem-solving skills. A longitudinal analysis of creativity scores of 45 undergraduate students in a retail merchandising program was conducted to test both short-term and long-term effects of creative problem-solving training on students’ creativity scores. The results provide support for creativity training.
CONJUNCTIVE SURFACE-WATER / GROUNDWATER MODEL IN THE SOUTHERN RINCON VALLEY USING MODFLOW-2005 WITH THE FARM PROCESS

1 Assistant Research Professor, Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, 1133 E James E. Rogers Way, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, Phone: 520-621-1083; Fax: 520-621-1422 2 Associate Professor and Associate Department Head, Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, Box 30001, MSC 3CE, Las Cruces, NM 88003-0001 3 Professor and Department Head, Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, 1133 E James E. Rogers Way, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721.