Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analytical Modelling of the Closed-loop Operation and Quench Behavior for Superconducting Electrodynamic Suspension Train

Superconducting electrodynamic suspension (EDS) as one of the most promising ultrahigh-speed transportations has been widely followed with great interest in the past decades, and service safety under high-speed operation is always the focus of academic attention. Thereinto, an evaluation method of quench behavior can effectively reduce and even avoid the risky accident in advance for the EDS train, possessing in a more realistic sense. In this paper, we established an analytical model for the superconducting EDS with cross-connection, fully considering the arbitrary attitudes of bogie and closed-loop operation of onboard superconducting magnets (SCMs), on the basis of spatial coordinate transformation and dynamic circuit theory. Meanwhile, the data of finite element model and experiment, regarded as references, validate the availability of the proposed analytical model. Afterwards, we systematically analyzed and revealed the end effect caused by the SCMs and characteristics of 3-D electromagnetic interactions from the perspective of normal operation and quench conditions, respectively. The results show that, the quench behaviors of SCMs have a significant influence on the operating characteristics of train and is dependent upon the installation position of the disabled SCMs, providing an invaluable tool for the studies of the train dynamics under quench condition.
Atomic force microscopy on the effect of bacteriocins on target cells: A new method for visualising its mode of action

The aim of this study was to visualise the effect of various bacteriocins on target cells using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and to evaluate this method as a standard in the determination of the mode of action of bacteriocins. The interaction between various bacteriocins and target cells was studied using different methods, such as Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), cell lysis, and extracellular leakage of β-galactosidase. Vesiculation was clearly visible on cells of Lactobacillus sakei DSM 20017 after treatment with bacteriocin ST62BZ, bacteriocin ST63BZ, bacteriocin ST611BZ and bacteriocin ST612BZ produced by E. faecium and Lactococcus lactis, respectively. Changes in morphology, such as collapse and the formation of pores of Enterococcus faecium HKLHS, were observed after treatment with bacteriocin ST69BZ produced by L. plantarum. An inhibitory effect as observed by reduced growth of sensitive strains in presence of bacteriocins or as result of detection of extracellular levels of β-galactosidase was recorded when L. sakei DSM 20017 and E. faecium HKLHS were treated with bacteriocins ST62BZ, ST63BZ, ST611BZ,
Finding Potential Adverse Events in the Unstructured Text of Electronic Health Care Records: Development of the Shakespeare Method

Background Big data tools provide opportunities to monitor adverse events (patient harm associated with medical care) (AEs) in the unstructured text of electronic health care records (EHRs). Writers may explicitly state an apparent association between treatment and adverse outcome (“attributed”) or state the simple treatment and outcome without an association (“unattributed”). Many methods for finding AEs in text rely on predefining possible AEs before searching for prespecified words and phrases or manual labeling (standardization) by investigators. We developed a method to identify possible AEs, even if unknown or unattributed, without any prespecifications or standardization of notes. Our method was inspired by word-frequency analysis methods used to uncover the true authorship of disputed works credited to William Shakespeare. We chose two use cases, “transfusion” and “time-based. ” Transfusion was chosen because new transfusion AE types were becoming recognized during the study data period; therefore, we anticipated an opportunity to find unattributed potential AEs (PAEs) in the notes. With the time-based case, we wanted to simulate near real-time surveillance. We chose time periods in the hope of detecting PAEs due to contaminated heparin from mid-2007 to mid-2008 that were announced in early 2008. We hypothesized that the prevalence of contaminated heparin may have been widespread enough to manifest in EHRs through symptoms related to heparin AEs, independent of clinicians’ documentation of attributed AEs. Objective We aimed to develop a new method to identify attributed and unattributed PAEs using the unstructured text of EHRs. Methods We used EHRs for adult critical care admissions at a major teaching hospital (2001-2012). For each case, we formed a group of interest and a comparison group. We concatenated the text notes for each admission into one document sorted by date, and deleted replicate sentences and lists. We identified statistically significant words in the group of interest versus the comparison group. Documents in the group of interest were filtered to those words, followed by topic modeling on the filtered documents to produce topics. For each topic, the three documents with the maximum topic scores were manually reviewed to identify PAEs. Results Topics centered around medical conditions that were unique to or more common in the group of interest, including PAEs. In each use case, most PAEs were unattributed in the notes. Among the transfusion PAEs was unattributed evidence of transfusion-associated cardiac overload and transfusion-related acute lung injury. Some of the PAEs from mid-2007 to mid-2008 were increased unattributed events consistent with AEs related to heparin contamination. Conclusions The Shakespeare method could be a useful supplement to AE reporting and surveillance of structured EHR data. Future improvements should include automation of the manual review process.
HEAVY-DUTY ASPHALT PAVEMENTS IN PENNSYLVANIA: EVALUATION FOR RUTTING

Thirty-four heavy-duty asphalt pavements encompassing poor to excellent rutting performance were evaluated. The objective was to identify the pavement properties (materials, mixture design, construction, and postconstruction) that typify good- and bad-performing pavements. Eleven pavement cores were obtained from each pavement to determine in-place voids in the total mix, mix composition, coarse aggregate fractured face count, fine aggregate particle shape and texture, and recovered asphalt cement properties. The mix from the pavement cores was heated and recompacted using three compactors: gyratory testing machine, rotating base/slanted foot mechanical Marshall compactor, and static base conventional mechanical Marshall compactor. All project data such as job-mix formula, construction data, and traffic data were obtained. Rut depths were measured on each project using a profilograph device. Some 60 independent variables covering the mix design, construction, and postconstruction for each pavement were selected to determine their effect on the rut depth (dependent variable). The extensive data were analyzed using correlation analysis, linear regression analysis methods, and stepwise multiple variable analysis methods. A rutting model was also developed. Recommendations were made to the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation to improve and optimize the resistance of asphalt paving mixtures to rutting for heavy-duty pavements. The main recommendations are (a) use at least 75% crushed sand in the fine aggregate, (b) use 75 blows per side compactive effort using a rotating base/slanted foot Marshall compactor, (c) design mix with at least 4.0% air voids, and (d) improve production quality control to ensure that the mixes "as placed" are reasonably close to the mixes "as designed".
Forests in Revolutionary France: Conservation, Community, and Conflict, 1669-1848

Introduction 1. The lay of the land 2. 'Agromania' and silvicultural science 3. 'A necessity as vital as bread' 4. 'Seduced by the word 'liberty" 5. 'Nothing is more respected than the right of property' 6. 'Not even a branch of wood has been granted to us' 7. Epilogue: 'homo is but arbor inversa'.
Subtractive Plasma-Assisted-Etch Process for Developing High Performance Nanocrystalline Zinc-Oxide Thin-Film-Transistors

Abstract : Thin-Film-Transistors (TFTs) employing undoped zinc-oxide (ZnO) thin-films are currently being investigated by the Air Force for microwave switching applications. Since the on-resistance (R(on)) of the device scales with channel length (LC), ZnO TFT optimization should be focused on reducing LC, therefore minimizing the associated insertion losses. In this research, deep sub-micron scaling of ZnO TFTs was undertaken using a subtractive reactive-ion-etch (RIE) process. Under optimum processing conditions, ZnO TFTs with LC as small as 155 nm were successfully demonstrated. The active ZnO channels of the TFTs were patterned by selective SF6-RIE of a tungsten ohmic film through electron-beam defined openings in a polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) based resist. Through electrical testing, the width normalized R(on) of ZnO TFTs with 155 nm channels was extracted as 3.6 omega dot mm and the devices were found to operate at drain current densities and transconductance values of 830 mA/mm and 121 mS/mm, respectively. Additionally, a total width-normalized source and drain parasitic resistance of 2.1 omega dot mm was observed using a gated transfer length method (TLM), indicating the tungsten-ZnO interface is low resistance. This demonstration of high performance and low R(on) suggests the potential for ZnO TFTs in switching and microwave power applications.
Using Assessment on the front-line in the battle against plagiarism

The Business School Faculty Teaching and Learning Committee has acknowledged that addressing any one of these issues alone will not solve the problem and an integrated approach is required. This idea of a holistic approach is recognised by Joyce (2004) who recommends a three pronged attack combining education, detection and institutional responses. The Teaching and Learning Committee at UHBS considers an additional element addressing teaching and learning strategies is essential, thus an holistic approach comprises:
Dynamic establishment of the gut bacterial ecology of cows from birth to adulthood

Background: The gut microbiota plays multiple critical roles in maintaining the health of the host, especially in ruminants; however, our understanding of the process of gut microbiota establishment from birth to adulthood remains limited. Here, we investigated the bacterial ecology in the gastrointestinal segments (rumen, abomasum, duodenum and rectum) of Holstein cows from 1 week to 5 years of age by 16S rRNA gene sequencing to illustrate the dynamic establishment of gastrointestinal microbiota of cows. Results: We revealed a major change in the composition, diversity, and abundance of bacteria with age increase. Remarkably, the gut bacterial community was found to be age-discriminatory, and microbiota gradually matured in each segment of the gut which followed a natural logarithmic function by applying a maturity index algorithm, that meant gut microbiota was established quickly in young animals, then slowed with age. Using the Bayesian algorithm of Source-Tracker, we demonstrated that the proportion of bacterial transfer from the foregut to the hindgut was also higher in young animals, and then decreased sharply with age. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated gastrointestinal microbiota was established quickly during young period of cows and highlighted the “window period” of 18 weeks after birth for cows to establish their gut bacterial community. This insight into gut microbiota might have important ecological applications in protecting gut health or manipulating the gut microbiota of cows.
A comparison of transporters’ paddle use when unloading pigs at slaughter

Today, pigs are moved on farm, between farms, between countries and to abattoirs. This movement of live pigs requires handling practices that are designed for the purpose. The objective of this study was to research the use of paddle in moving pigs, to investigate if there were different methods of paddle practice, explore the time efficiency of different kinds of paddle use and if there were any time variations in methods that varied in intensity of touch. This study was done on two Swedish abattoirs for a total of five weeks. A total of 22 transporters working at two different abattoirs where studied during unloading of pigs at the abattoirs. It was registered how the staff used the paddle, the size of each compartment in the truck and the time it took to move pigs out of each compartment. The total number of touches to the pigs, other use of paddle and the force with which these touches were directed was noted. There were differences among staff on time to move pigs and the methods used for moving. Staff differed in frequency of touches to animals, the proportion of paddle use that ended in physical contact with the pigs and the force of touches to pigs. There was a trend towards touches of less force to be more time efficient. The number of touches did increase with time of moving but the frequency did not generally increase with time, suggesting that an increased frequency of touch will not increase efficiency of moving pigs. Transporters were scored for paddle touch intensity and the time to move pigs was compared. There was a tendency towards less intense methods to be more time efficient than more intense methods of moving pigs.
Cost Effective Interference Management in Ultra-dense Hotspot Mobile Broadband Systems

As the regulation in wireless communications is moving toward a more flexible and efficient way of managing radio spectrum, it is envisaged that multiple small-sized cellular networks owned by different operators will operate in close vicinity on shared spectrum. This brings a new interference environment where a cell is interfered by not only base stations in own network but also those in other networks. These networks may compete for their own utilities in a selfish manner or cooperate in order to minimize the mutual interference. Since a cooperation between the networks requires a business-wise agreement or extra infrastructure cost, the operators have to identify how much they will benefit from the cooperation. In this paper, we compare the effects of competition and cooperation between the cellular networks. The competition and cooperation are modeled as a transmit power control in downlink. It is observed that the cooperation in an average sense gives better network utility. However, as the network size increases, the cooperation gain diminishes significantly. Furthermore, the marginal separation of network deployments, e.g., indoor deployments in adjacent buildings, can notably shrink the cooperation incentive.
Summit : english for today's world

Top Notch, a dynamic 6-level course for international communication, sets a new standard, using the natural language that people really speak. With a rock-solid learner-centered approach, Top Notch provides students an opportunity to confirm their own progress at the end of every easy-to-teach two-page lesson. Features of Top Notch Fundamentals * Essential model conversations that make key social language unforgettable and easy to personalize * Intensive vocabulary development with active recycling * Complete grammar support-extended by a bound-in Vocabulary Booster *"Top Notch Interactions"-unique step-by-step discussion builders that guarantee success for all learners * Thorough attention to pronunciation * A wide array of learning strategies and activities that promote critical thinking * Authentic and refreshing content that connects students to the real world
La Lucha: framing the struggle for survival, double consciousness and the economy of identity for undocumented Latina/os

ABSTRACT Undocumented Latina/os often describe their lives as ‘la lucha’, the struggle. To make ends meet ‘hay que batallar’, one must battle, work hard to ‘salir adelante’, get ahead. La lucha is interpretable as a frame that demarcates how undocumented Latina/os employ the performance of economic tasks to establish both individual and collective identity in the United States. Although claiming positive elements of racialised stereotypes as coping mechanisms and racialised illegality have been separately theorised, they have not been brought together in a theory of self. I use W.E. B. Du Bois’s concept of ‘double-consciousness’, the sensation of “looking at one’s self through the eyes of others” that articulates Black Americans’ experience of racism to illuminate how the lucha frame resolves a conflict resonant in undocumented Latina/o identity. In the words of undocumented Latina/os from interviews in a Texas city, I illustrate how double consciousness reveals the simultaneity of uplift and collective struggle. It illuminates through la lucha the linkage of the context of the ‘struggle’ to internalization of the hard worker archetype, engaging these contradictory perspectives in a single identity. The existential elements of la lucha highlight need for policy addressing the liminality of undocumented life and instability of precarious work.
THE FOURTH POWER LAW AND THIN SURFACED FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS

To improve the efficiency of the road transport industry in New Zealand, a range of mass limit increases for heavy vehicles have been proposed. Some of the options for mass increases include increasing the axle load limit which would lead to increased road wear. A series of accelerated dynamic loading test have been conducted to investigate the propsed changes. As New Zealand has a mass-distance road user charging regime where the users pay for the road wear they generate, this in itself is not a problem provided that the charges accurately reflect the wear. At present the road user charges are based on the fourth power law, which was developed from the AASHO road test in the United States in the 1950s.
Assessment of MEMS energy harvester for medical applications

This paper assesses the feasibility of the energy harvesting principle for the development of an autonomous power supply unit for a new generation of biomedical devices, e.g. artificial cochlear implants. Requirements for the harvester are set based on a research of power demands of state-of-the-art medical devices. Feasible methods of the energy conversion are then reviewed, and a simulation model of the generic energy harvester is developed. Acceleration in the head area of the user is measured and used as an input excitation for the model. Possible course of the follow-up research is outlined based on simulation and measurement results.
Advance Laparoscopy in Minimal Resource Settings: Experience from a Public Sector Hospital in a Lower Middle Income Country.

Background: To share our experience of performing advanced laparoscopic procedures with minimal resources in a public sector hospital.Methods: A retrospective study of laparoscopic cases performed from December 1st 2016 till Dec 31st 2020 was done. All the cases were done by single surgical unit but with different surgical teams both as elective as well as emergency procedure. Type of procedure, conversion to open, and immediate post operative complications and outcomes were recorded. Complications were recorded on the basis of the Clavian Dindo Classification. Results: In 49 months a total of 1550 procedures were performed. 1133 basic and 417 advanced laparoscopic procedures were performed. Only advanced laparoscopic procedures are discussed further. Median patient aged was 33 years (Range 10 to 70 years). Male to female ratio was 1:1.2 (191:226). There was a conversion rate of 8.6% with 36 operations converted to open due to either technical issues or any complication. Median hospital stay was 2 to 12 days. Median operative time was 90minutes. Complications were seen in 48 patients. Grade 1/2 complications in 38 patients. Grade 3 complications were seen in 9 patients. Grade 4 in 1 patient. No Grade 5 (Mortality) complications were seen. Conclusions: Advanced laparoscopic surgery can be safely undertaken in public sector hospitals in low resource countries with limited resources.
ESTIMATION OF QUEUE LENGTHS AND THEIR PERCENTILES AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS

Queue lengths are important parameters in traffic engineering for determining the capacity and quality of traffic control equipment. At signalized intersections, queue lengths at the end of red time (red-end) are of greatest importance for dimensioning the lengths of lane. While the average queue length reflects the capacity of traffic signals, the so-called 95th and 99th percentile of queue lengths at red-ends are used for determining the length of turning lanes, such that the risk of a blockage in the through lanes could be minimized. Furthermore, lengths of back-of-queue (queue length at queue-end) must be considered for determining the lengths of turning lanes at signalized intersections. The queue length and their distribution can be numerically calculated from Markov chains. The percentiles of queue lengths can be estimated from the distribution. Based on the results of Markov chains, regression are undertaken from obtaining explicit formulas under stationary traffic conditions. For non-stationary traffic conditions, the formulas can be derived using the so-called transition techniques.
Applying Classic Code Switching to Bilingual Utterances of Bilingual Libyan Children in Oklahoma, USA

Many studies have investigated the source of mixed utterances. Bilingual speakers switch languages for reasons such as lack of morphology required to complete the utterance monolingually, to accommodate to the topic, or to meet individual preferences, context, and other interlocutors’ language(s). The focus in this paper is on classic code switching which requires full mastery of at least one of the languages involved in bilingual utterances. Data are collected from utterances of 16 Libyan children who live in USA, and who have learned English upon their arrival to USA at ages from two to five. It is argued that code switching can occur even when the speakers are not sufficiently fluent in either language. The children were interviewed by the researcher and the interviews were tape-recorded. The results show that although the children do not have full competence in the two languages (Arabic and English), they still produce bilingual utterances, and that although some of these utterances include Arabic as ML (Matrix Language), English seems to be the dominant language as it is the ML in the majority of bilingual utterances. It is concluded that switched utterances do not require full competence in either language in order to be produced.
Quality Assessment and Accessibility Applications of Crowdsourced Geospatial Data: A Report on the Development and Extension of the George Mason University Geocrowdsourcing Testbed

Abstract : This report documents research efforts in quality assessment, recruitment, training, and application extensions of the George Mason University (GMU) Geocrowdsourcing Testbed. The testbed is designed to capture, evaluate, and utilize crowdsourced geospatial data associated with transient obstacles and navigation hazards in the region surrounding the GMU campus in Fairfax, Virginia. We present our quality assessment research based on best practices, and discuss its deployment within our system. We present our training and recruitment program and discuss its future directions and future efforts to recruit and train participants, and finally, extensions of our testbed in accessible routing and visualization.