Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increased Ability To Fuel HIV-1 Infection Phenotype on Dendritic Cells with an Retinoic Acidic Imprints a Mucosal-like

The tissue microenvironment shapes the characteristics and functions of dendritic cells (DCs), which are important players in HIV infection and dissemination. Notably, DCs in the gut have the daunting task of orchestrating the balance between immune response and tolerance. They produce retinoic acid (RA), which imprints a gut-homing phenotype and inﬂuences surrounding DCs. To investigate how the gut microenvironment impacts the ability of DCs to drive HIV infection, we conditioned human immature monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) with RA (RA-DCs), before pulsing them with HIV and mixing them with autologous T cells. RA-DCs showed a semimature, mucosal-like phenotype and released higher amounts of TGF- b 1 and CCL2. Using ﬂow cytometry, Western blot, and microscopy, we determined that moDCs express the cell adhesion molecule mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) and that RA increases its expression. MAdCAM-1 was also detected on a small population of DCs in rhesus macaque ( Macaca mulata ) mesenteric lymph node. RA-DCs formed more DC–T cell conjugates and promoted signiﬁcantly higher HIV replication in DC–T cell mixtures compared with moDCs. This correlated with the increase in MAdCAM-1 expression. Blocking MAdCAM-1 partially inhibited the enhanced HIV replication. In summary, RA inﬂuences DC phenotype, increasing their ability to exacerbate HIV infection. We describe a previously unknown mechanism that may contribute to rapid HIV spread in the gut, a major site of HIV replication after mucosal exposure. The Journal of Immunology , 2015, 194:
Radiative transfer in the exosphere of Saturn's moon Titan

This work focuses on the distribution of atomic hydrogen in the exosphere of Saturn’s moon Titan. This work is based on measurements performed by the “Hydrogen Deuterium Absorption Cell” (HDAC) aboard the Cassini spacecraft, that should directly determine the D/H ratio from the UV emission of atomic hydrogen and deuterium at 121.567 and 121.533 nm, respectively. HDAC measurements were performed on December 26, 2005 during the ninth Titan flyby of the Cassini orbiter. Unfortunately the amount of deuterium in the absorption cell could not be determined. Thus, the purpose, HDAC was designed for could not be achieved. For this reason, HDAC has performed measurements only once. However, the amount of atomic hydrogen in the absorption cell is well known, hence the data using only the hydrogen cell can be used in order to investigate Titan’s exosphere. This work aims at simulating the HDAC measurements performed in order to investigate Titan’s exosphere, e.g. to determine the distribution of atomic hydrogen. A model of Titan’s exosphere including atomic hydrogen and methane has been developed and the transfer of solar radiation is calculated in order to simulate the HDAC measurements. The radiative transfer is solved using the Monte Carlo method. For the exospheric model, two different atomic hydrogen density distributions were applied, which determine the distribution in the exosphere by different approaches. Density profiles calculated by both models mainly differ in the lower exosphere. It was found that the HDAC measurements can be fitted using density profiles calculated by both exospheric density distribution models for the radiative transfer calculations. Detailed investigations however showed that the signal measured by HDAC originates at much higher altitudes of about 2000 km above the exobase. Nevertheless the best fitting atomic hydrogen exobase densities of both models differ by a factor of 4. A strong noise pattern was found in the measurements avoiding a more accurate determination of the atomic hydrogen distribution in Titan’s exosphere. However, the inferred exobase densities are in the range of literature values. As a result of this work, HDAC will be used again during two future flybys in 2010, providing more accurate measurements for the determination of densities and temperatures in Titan’s exosphere.
Microsoft Word-Manuscript-NS5B_rev31oct.docx

Capsule Background: HCV replication requires the interaction of the viral polymerase NS5B with both viral and host proteins. Results: We performed the molecular characterization of the interactions between HCV NS5B, NS5A and host CypA. Conclusions: HCV NS5B and host CypA share a binding site on HCV NS5A Significance: The NS5A-D2 site which interacts with both the HCV polymerase NS5B and the host CypA might regulate the HCV replication.
University of Birmingham Nitric oxide regulates cardiac intracellular Na and Ca² by modulating Na/K ATPase via PKC and phospholemman-dependent mechanism

In the heart, Na/K-ATPase regulates intracellular Na + and Ca 2+ (via NCX), thereby preventing Na + and Ca 2+ overload and arrhythmias. Here, we test the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) regulates cardiac intracellular Na + and Ca 2+ and investigate mechanisms and physiological consequences involved. Effects of both exogenous NO (via NO-donors) and endogenously synthesized NO (via ﬁ eld-stimulation of ventricular myocytes) were assessed in this study. Field stimulation of rat ventricular myocytes signi ﬁ cantly increased endogenous NO (18 ± 2 μ M), PKC ε activation (82 ± 12%), phospholemman phosphorylation (at Ser-63 and Ser-68) and Na/K-ATPase activity (measured by DAF-FM dye, western-blotting and biochemical assay, respectively; p b 0.05, n = 6) and all were abolished by Ca 2+ -chelation (EGTA 10 mM) or NOS inhibition L -NAME (1 mM). Exogenously added NO (spermine-NONO-ate) stimulated Na/K-ATPase (EC50 = 3.8 μ M; n = 6/grp), via decreasein K m ,inPLM WT butnotPLM KO orPLM 3SA myocytes(wherephospholemmancannotbephosphorylated) as measured by whole-cell perforated-patch clamp. Field-stimulation with L -NAME or PKC-inhibitor (2 μ M Bis) resulted in elevated intracellular Na + (22 ± 1.5 and 24 ± 2 respectively, vs. 14 ±0.6 mM in controls) in SBFI-AM-loaded rat myocytes. Arrhythmia incidence was signi ﬁ cantly increased in rat hearts paced in the presence of L -NAME (and this was reversed by L -arginine), as well as in PLM 3SA mouse hearts but not PLM WT and PLM KO . We provide physiological and biochemical evidence for a novel regulatory pathway whereby NO activates Na/K-ATPase via phospholemman phosphorylation and thereby limits Na + and Ca 2+ overload and arrhythmias. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “ Na + Regulation in Cardiac Myocytes ” . © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Dynamics of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Optical Kerr nonlinearities

This thesis presents theoretical derivations and experimental demonstrations of Kerr optical nonlinearities and their dynamics. The Kerr nonlinearity studied is based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), and is known for having an unusually large cross-phase modulation (XPM) [1]. Also, quantum nondemolition (QND) measurements of photon number using the EIT Kerr nonlinearity are discussed. We first discuss the EIT line shapes in hot atomic vapors both with and without buffer gasses, and for the specific case of EIT line shapes on the D1 line of rubidium. Using a Bloch-vector formalism to describe EIT, we derive new expressions describing the dynamical evolution of the EIT Kerr nonlinearity and the rise-time of the EIT Kerr effect. The theory of the EIT Kerr dynamics is confirmed by experiments using hot rubidium vapor in a buffer gas. These experimental observations confirm that the rise-time of the EIT Kerr effect is linearly proportional to the optical thickness of the EIT medium and inversely proportional to the width of the EIT transparency resonance.
Magnetism and superconductivity driven by identical 4f states in a heavy-fermion metal.

, The apparently inimical relationship between magnetism and superconductivity has come under increasing scrutiny in a wide range of material classes, where the free energy landscape con-spires to bring them in close proximity to each other. Particularly enigmatic is the case when these phases microscopically interpene-trate, though the manner in which this can be accomplished remains to be fully comprehended. Here, we present combined measurements of elastic neutron scattering, magnetotransport, and heat capacity on a prototypical heavy fermion system, in which antiferromagnetism and superconductivity are observed. Monitor-ing the response of these states to the presence of the other, as well as to external thermal and magnetic perturbations, points to the possibility that they emerge from different parts of the Fermi surface. Therefore, a single 4 f state could be both localized and itinerant, thus accounting for the coexistence of magnetism and superconductivity.
Title: Effects of vegetation restoration on soil carbon dynamics in Karst and non-karst regions: A 1 synthesis of multi-source data

20 Backgrounds A large-scale ecological restoration project has been initiated since 1990s in southwest China, which is one of the largest areas of rocky desertification globally. However, t he 22 different influences and potential mechanisms of vegetation restoration on soil carbon(C) 23 sequestration in karst and non-karst regions are still unclear. 24 Methods Based on field investigation and multi-source data synthesis, the mechanisms of soil 25 C sequestration were investigated to determine the most important variables affecting the rate of 26 soil C change ( Rs ) in southwest China. 27 Results Our results show significant differences in soil C sequestration between karst and non- 28 karst regions with faster and longer C sequestration in karst regions, where Rs was approximately 29 31 % higher than in non-karst soils. And temperatures could be the primary factor inhibiting soil C 30 sequestration without precipitation. The total effect of nitrogen (N) on Rs was positive in both karst 31 and non-karst regions. 32 Conclusions Phosphorus was the dominant factor limiting the use of N in karst regions and 33 then resulting in limitation of C sequestration. The results indicated that soil C storage could be led 34 to intensify uneven increases due to combination of karst environment and climate change in 35 southwest China in future.
The topographic representation of periodicity pitch in the auditory cortex

An adaptation of auditory systems important for the processing of speech is that for periodic envelopes. Periodicity is a property not only of signals from vocal chords, but from many physical sound sources. Evidence is accumulating in support of a theory of temporal periodicity analysis as a supplement and refinement of the cochlear frequency analysis. Temporal representations of periodic signals are processed by neurons in the auditory midbrain acting as coincidence detectors and transferring temporal information into rate-place code. The resulting map for periodicity is arranged orthogonal to the tonotopic map. However, so far little evidence exists for a topographic representation of periodicity information in the mammalian cortex. The present paper compares the results of a neurophysiological study in the Mongolian gerbil and a magnetoencephalographic study of the human auditory cortex which together demonstrate that there might be indeed also periodotopic organizations in the cortex.
Estimation of the 3D correlation structure of an 1 alluvial aquifer from surface-based multi- 2 frequency GPR reflection data 3

14 Knowledge about the stochastic nature of heterogeneity in subsurface hydraulic 15 properties is critical for aquifer characterization and the corresponding prediction of 16 groundwater flow and contaminant transport. Whereas the vertical correlation structure 17 of the heterogeneity is often well constrained by borehole information, the lateral 18 correlation structure is generally unknown because the spacing between boreholes is 19 too large to allow for its meaningful inference. There is, however, evidence to suggest 20 that information on the lateral correlation structure may be extracted from the 21 correlation statistics of the subsurface reflectivity structure imaged by surface-based 22 ground-penetrating radar (GPR) measurements. To date, case studies involving this 23 approach have been limited to 2D profiles acquired at a single antenna center frequency 24 in areas with limited complementary information. As a result, the practical reliability 25 of this methodology has been difficult to assess. Here, we extend previous work to 3D 26 and consider reflection GPR data acquired using two antenna center frequencies at the 27 extensively explored and well constrained Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site 28 (BHRS). We find that the results obtained using the two GPR frequencies are consistent 29 with each other, as well as with information from a number of other studies at the BHRS. 30 In addition, contrary to previous 2D work, our results indicate that the surface-based 31 reflection GPR data are not only sensitive to the aspect ratio of the underlying 32 heterogeneity, but also, albeit to a lesser extent, to the so-called Hurst number, which is 33 a key parameter characterizing the local variability of the fine-scale structure.
STUDIES ON ENTEROHAEMORRHAGIC ESCHERICHIA COLI (EHCE) STRAINS NON O157:H7 IN CHICKEN WITH REGARD TO ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE GENE ON PLASMID

Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are the most important recently emerged group of food-borne pathogens. Among fifty EHEC strains, thirty strains were found as non O157 EHEC (60%) by serotyping. Also the highest incidence of O26 and O111 were 16% and 14%, respectively, meanwhile the lowest was of O128 (2%). Antibiotic resistance profiles for these strains showed 100% resistance to: sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprime, chlormphencal, colistin, gentamycin and tetracycline. However, they showed 85% resistance to streptomycin and doxycycline, 80% resistance to cefotraxone while their resistance for amoxicillin clavulanic acid was 75%. PCR examination for twenty strains of EHEC non O157 revealed stx 1 gene in 45%, stx 2 in 65% while hly in 80% of the examined strains. Antimicrobial resistance genes for these strains confirmed that sul I, aad A and bla TEM resistance genes were detected in percentages of 85%, 75% and 60%, respectively. Recommendation for minimizing an excessive use of antibiotics in the veterinary field and periodically use of different antibiotics could overcome the problem of increased bacterial resistance.
Accuracy Of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology In Diagnosis Of Thyroid Swelling

s : Fine needle aspiration cytology is a well established, safe and out patient procedure used in diagnosis of thyroid swelling. Aims: The aim of this study is to determine the accuracy of FNAC in detection of thyroid lesions at our institute. Material and methods: 100 cases of thyroid swelling were diagnosed and treated at M.P.Shah medical college, Jamnagar from Jan1997 to May 1998. FNAC results were compared with final histopathological diagnosis. FNA results were classified as inadequate material, non-neoplastic, neoplastic and malignant lesions. Results: FNA analysis showed 74.19%(69 cases) non-neoplastic lesion, 19.35%(18cases) neoplastic lesion and 6.45%(6cases) malignant lesion. Histopathological analysis showed 70.18%(40) non-neoplastic lesion and 29.83%(17) neoplastic lesion – 15.79%(9) adenomas and 14.04%(8) carcinomas. Conclusions: The accuracy rate of FNAC in diagnosis for non-neoplastic, neoplastic and malignant lesions were 90.91%,100% and 100% espectively. So, overall accuracy of FNA in present study was 92.98%. [ Patel A et al NJIRM 2012; 3(5) : 124-129]
The Development of Environmental Pollution Module by Implementing Laskar Kalpataru Program to Improve Environmental Care Attitude of The Students

___________________________________________________________________ The developed module is a module that implements the Laskar Kalpataru program aimed at knowing the eligibility of the module as an effort to improve environmental care attitudes, knowing the increasing of students’ independence in learning, and knowing the effectiveness of the developed module in improving student learning outcomes. By using research and development (R&D) method, the results of this study indicate that the module are appropriate to be used in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the National Education Standards Agency (BSNP). It is in accordance with the phase I assessment of getting "yes" answer on all aspects in the questions. In the second phase of assessment, an average percentage of content eligibility is 92.97%, the language eligibility is 90.83% and the presentation component is 90.3%. The application of module is effective to improve student learning outcomes and improve the environmental care attitude.
Transactivation of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor (cid:2) by the GTPase-Deﬁcient Activated Mutant of G (cid:2) 12

The GTPase-deﬁcient, activated mutant of G (cid:1) 12 (G (cid:1) 12 Q229L, or G (cid:1) 12 QL) induces neoplastic growth and oncogenic transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. Using microarray analysis, we have previously identiﬁed a role for platelet-derived growth factor receptor (cid:1) (PDGFR (cid:1) ) in G (cid:1) 12 -mediated cell growth (R. N. Kumar et al., Cell Biochem. Biophys. 41:63–73, 2004). In the present study, we report that G (cid:1) 12 QL stimulates the functional expres- sion of PDGFR (cid:1) and demonstrate that the expression of PDGFR (cid:1) by G (cid:1) 12 QL is dependent on the small GTPase Rho. Our results indicate that it is cell type independent as the transient expression of G (cid:1) 12 QL or the activation of G (cid:1) 12- coupled receptors stimulates the expression of PDGFR (cid:1) in NIH 3T3 as well as in human astrocytoma 1321N1 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate the presence of an autocrine loop involving PDGF-A and PDGFR (cid:1) in G (cid:1) 12 QL-transformed cells. Analysis of the functional consequences of the G (cid:1) 12 -PDGFR (cid:1) signaling axis indicates that G (cid:1) 12 stimulates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling pathway through PDGFR. In addi- tion, we show that G (cid:1) 12 QL stimulates the phosphorylation of forkhead transcription factor FKHRL1 via AKT in a PDGFR (cid:1) - and PI3K-dependent manner. Since AKT promotes cell growth by blocking the transcription of antiproliferative genes through the inhibitory phosphorylation of forkhead transcription factors, our results de- scribe for the ﬁrst time a PDGFR (cid:1) -dependent signaling pathway involving PI3K-AKT-FKHRL1, regulated by G (cid:1) 12 QL in promoting cell growth. Consistent with this view, we demonstrate that the expression of a dominant negative mutant of PDGFR (cid:1) attenuated G (cid:1) 12 -mediated neoplastic transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. -stimulated PDGFR (cid:2) engages the downstream PI3K-AKT signaling pathway to inhibit FKHRL1-mediated transcription of apoptotic and antiproliferative genes to promote neoplas- tic cell growth.
Influence of Pyrolysis Gas on Volatile Yield and CO2 Reaction Kinetics of the Char Samples Generated in a High-Pressure, High-Temperature Flow Reactor

The influence of pyrolysis atmosphere on volatile yield, structural characteristics, and CO2 reaction kinetics have been examined on chars generated from Pittsburgh No. 8 coal at 6.2 bar pressure and 1100 °C in a high-pressure, high-temperature flow reactor (HPHTFR) in Ar, N2, 50 (vol. %) CO2 and N2 (i.e., CO2/ N2) atmospheres. The chars were characterized for volatile yield, thermal swelling ratio, surface area, pore size distribution, crystallite structure, defects to graphitic intensity ratio, and char-CO2 reactivity. Coal pyrolyzed in CO2/N2 showed higher volatile yield (27%) compared to coal pyrolyzed in argon (~16%) and nitrogen (~19%). Except for volatile yield, there was no significant difference in structural properties for chars generated in different pyrolysis atmospheres. The difference in volatile yield was found to be due to presence of unconverted tetrahydrofuran (THF) soluble tar/soot. The results also showed that the intrinsic reactivity was highest for char generated in N2 atmosphere and lowest for char generated in CO2/N2 atmosphere. The kinetic parameters (activation energy and pre-exponential factor) for the char-CO2 reaction were ascertained using nth order model. The activation energies did not differ significantly among the chars generated in different pyrolysis atmospheres. The order of reaction was found to follow: CO2/N2 char > N2 char ≈ Ar char.
Effect of polylactic acid-silver nanoparticle nanocomposite on the kinetics of Escherichia coli growth

: Nowadays the application of biodegradable materials in food packaging has gained increasing attention due to their high potentials. These materials exhibit lower resistance against gases and water permeation and are mechanically weaker. One of the approaches to resolve these problems in their composition with other useful substances. In this study, polylactic acid/silver nanocomposites (0.5 and 2 wt.% nanosilver) were prepared by the solvent casting method. The antimicrobial effect of these films on the growth parameters of Escherichia coli (a Gram-negative bacterium) was investigated by a Solvent casting test using Gompertz and Logistic models which indicated a 4.3% increase in the lag phase duration and a 30.9% decline in the E. coli growth rate as well as 32.6% reduction in the final population of this bacterium. It was also observed that an increment in the silver nanoparticle percentage can enhance the antimicrobial activity of this nanocomposite. A new peak was observed in the FTIR spectrum of the silver nanoparticle-containing nanocomposite at 3620 cm -1 for all nanoparticle contents (0.5 and 2 wt.%) which can be assigned to the chemical interactions between silver nanoparticles and polylactic acid. XRD patterns also indicated the peaks related to Ag(111), Ag(200), Ag (220), and Ag (311) representing the presence of crystalline silver nanoparticles.
A Kelch domain-containing F-box coding gene negatively regulates flavonoid accumulation in 14

31 The flavonoids are phenylpropanoid-derived metabolites that are ubiquitous in plants, playing 32 many roles in growth and development. Recently, we observed that fruit rinds of yellow casaba 33 melons ( Cucumis melo Inodorous Group) accumulate naringenin chalcone, a yellow flavonoid 34 pigment. RNA-Seq analysis of bulksbulked segregants, representing the tails of a population 35 segregating for naringenin chalcone accumulation, followed by fine mapping and genetic 36 transformation, we identified a Kelch domain-containing F-box protein coding gene ( CmKFB ) 37 that, when expressed, negatively regulates naringenin chalcone accumulation. Further 38 metabolite analysis indicated that downstream flavonoids are accumulated together with 39 naringenin chalcone, while CmKFB expression diverts the biochemical flux towards coumarins 40 and general phenylpropanoids. These results demonstrate that CmKFB functions as a 41 post-transcriptional regulator which diverts flavonoid metabolic flux. 42 biosynthesis via controlling the turnover of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase.