Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COLD FEULGEN HYDROLYSIS: ITS EFFECT ON DISPLACEMENT OF TRITIATED THYMIDINE

The effect of cold 5N HCl (25°C±3) and hot (60°C) 1N HCl Feulgen hydrolysis procedures were compared for retention of tritiated thymidine as well as dye binding. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated human lymphocytes were cultured using conventional procedures, pulse labeled with one microcurie 3HTdR per ml cell suspension, stained with Schiff using conventional (1N HCl-60°C) and cold (5N HCl-25°C) procedures. The developed autoradiographs were then analyzed as to mean grain count over-all labeling index and qualitative colorometric properties. The results indicate that the plateaus for maximal retention of 3HTdR as well as binding of Schiff reagent in phytohemagglutin (PHA) stimulated lymphocytes is best achieved using cold hydrolysis times as recommended in this study.
THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL LEVERAGE ON FIRM VALUE AND MARKET RISK (RESEARCH ON CONSUMER GOODS INDUSTRIES LISTED IN INDONESIAN STOCK EXCHANGE IN THE YEAR OF 2010-2012)

Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh leverage keuangan terhadap nilai perusahaan dan risiko pasar, tempat penelitian di industri barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2010-2012. peneliti menggunakan analisis jalur. Data dikumpulkan dari 13 perusahaan dengan laporan tahunan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel Gelar Financial Leverage (DFL) memiliki efek positif yang signifikan pada variabel Earning Per Share (EPS). Variabel Gelar Financial Leverage (DFL) memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan positif terhadap variabel Return On Equity (ROE). Variabel Debt Ratio (DR) memiliki negatif dan efek non-signifikan pada variabel Earning Per Share (EPS). Variabel Debt Ratio (DR) memiliki negatif dan efek non-signifikan terhadap variabel Return On Equity (ROE). Variabel Gelar Financial Leverage (DFL) memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan positif terhadap variabel risiko pasar (β). Variabel Debt Ratio (DR) memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan positif terhadap variabel risiko pasar (β). Variabel risiko pasar (β) memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan positif terhadap variabel Earning Per Share (EPS). Variabel risiko pasar (β) memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan positif terhadap variabel Return On Equity (ROE). Kata kunci: Financial Leverage, Nilai Perusahaan, Risiko Pasar ABSTRACT This study examines the effect of financial leverage on firm value and market risk, the place of research in consumer goods industries listed in Indonesian stock exchange in the year of 2010-2012. The researcher uses path analysis. Data were collected from 13 companies by annual report. The research suggests that the variable of Degree of Financial Leverage (DFL) has a positive significant effect on the variable of Earning Per Share (EPS). The variable of Degree of Financial Leverage (DFL) has a positive significant effect on the variable of Return On Equity (ROE). The variable of Debt Ratio (DR) has a negative and a non-significant effect on the variable of Earning Per Share (EPS). The variable of Debt Ratio (DR) has a negative and a non-significant effect on the variable of Return On Equity (ROE). The variable of Degree of Financial Leverage (DFL) has a positive significant effect on the variable of market risk (β). The variable of Debt Ratio (DR) has a positive significant effect on the variable of market risk (β). The variable of market risk (β) has a positive significant effect on the variable of Earning Per Share (EPS). The variable of market risk (β) has a positive significant effect on the variable of Return On Equity (ROE). Keywords: Financial Leverage, Firm Value, Market Risk
Applications of Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) in botanical research

Abstract Conventional Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is limited by artefacts from sample preparation, while Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) permits observations of hydrated, non-conductive samples without any preparation. In this short review, the two systems are described and some examples given. In addition, a study of trace element localization by X-ray ESEM microanalysis in Azolla caroliniana cultured in the presence of trace elements is presented. The highest concentration occurred in roots and stem. Leaves showed lower accumulation, with concentrations decreasing from the base to the apex of the shoot, and sharp differences between ventral and dorsal lobes of single leaves, the former accumulating more than the latter. The epidermal cells in the ventral lobes of basal leaves were largely lost in treated plants. The differential localisation of trace elements in the plant protected the dorsal lobes, which are the main photosynthetic part of the plant, the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterial colonies and the apical meristems from potentially adverse effects of trace elements.
Reproductive biology of captive Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) in Saudi Arabia

Reproductive data on captive Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) were collected from June 1986 through April 1992 at the National Wildlife Research Center (Taif, Saudi Arabia). Oryx females are polyestrous. The estrous cycle averaged 22 days and mean gestation length was 260 ± 5.5 days (S.D). Sex ratio at birth was unbiased and mean weight was 6.5 ± 0.7 kg (S.D.), with no difference between sexes. Under captive breeding conditions, births occurred throughout the year. Females gave birth to a single calf at any time during the day and produced 1.03 young per year. Abortion rate was 3.6%. Mortality rate of young was 6.1% before weaning at 3 months of age. The interbirth interval averaged 295 ± 42 days (S.D.), with 53% lasting between 270 and 279 days. Females reached sexual maturity at the age of 13 months. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Genetics and resistance / Génétique et résistance Inheritance of resistance to loose smut [Ustilago tritici ] in three durum wheat lines

This study was conducted to determine the mode of inheritance of resistance to loose smut [Ustilago tritici] in the resistant durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) lines Orgaz, Tripolitico, and VIR53877 to identify a simply inherited resistance factor effective against multiple races of the pathogen. The resistant durum wheat lines were crossed with a susceptible durum wheat cultivar, ‘Sceptre’, to produce F1, F2, and F3 generations. Plants of each generation were inoculated with races T26, T32, and T33 of U. tritici. The F1 plants from crosses Orgaz/Sceptre, Tripolitico/Sceptre, and VIR53877/Sceptre exhibited no smut, indicating dominant-gene expression. Segregation of resistance among the F2 and F3 progenies of the cross Orgaz/Sceptre fitted a one-gene ratio when tested with race T26 and a two-gene ratio to each of races T32 and T33. The genes controlling resistance to the races appeared to be independently inherited. In the cross Tripolitico/Sceptre, one gene controlled resistance to race T26, and two genes controlled resistance to each of races T32 and T33. These genes were not independently inherited. One gene conferring resistance to race T26, and two genes conferring resistance to each of T32 and T33, were also observed in the cross VIR53877/Sceptre. There appeared to be a common gene for resistance to both T32 and T33. Tripolitico appears to hold the greatest promise of providing broad resistance to U. tritici with simple inheritance.
On richness and evenness within and between communities

Abstract Although there is extraordinary interest in the quantitative measurement of species diversity, published statements on the behavior of the components of species diversity are contradictory and lead to opposite conclusions. In this paper, we demonstrate that the confusion is due to two key oversights: (1) whether or not biological sampling is carried out within or between communities; and (2) determination of the statistical distribution underlying a biological community, which is crucial for the evaluation of all of the components of diversity measurement. The problem of sampling “within” a population or community is basically distinct from the equivalent integration of structure and diversity measurement “between” differing multispecies populations. “Within-community sampling” is defined as a set of biological samples from a statistical population that has a particular statistical distribution or a constant value for the associated parameter(s). As the number of individuals increases along with the number of species, for a log series distribution, the diversity measures of Shannon's H, log series or Fisher's α, and Simpson's Index 1/λ remain constant while the evenness measures of Buzas-Gibson's E and Pielou's J decrease. For a log-normal distribution, J will remain constant while E decreases and α, 1/λ, and H increase. No single measure of evenness remains constant over all statistical distributions, so if constancy as a type of independence is required, the appropriate distribution must first be determined. Each species ensemble is mathematically fixed by the applicable statistical distribution. In contrast, “between-community sampling” is defined as a set of biological samples from different statistical distributions and/or the same distribution with differing parametric values. If sampling is between communities and S increases while the number of individuals remains constant, then all the other measures considered here increase. The exception is the broken stick, for which E remains constant while H, J, α, and 1/λ increase. Herein we propose and justify the use of the log-series distribution (with regression on the information decomposition equation) as a null model for determination of community structure and demonstrate that the community structure of a Miocene bed at Calvert Cliffs, Maryland, is a log series by use of this new unified methodology.
Bacterial cellulose as carrier for immobilization of laccase: Optimization and characterization

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has attracted attention as a new functional material due to its excellent mechanical strength, tridimensional nanostructure, high purity, and increased water absorption, compared to plant cellulose. In this work, commercial laccase was immobilized on BC and the influence of enzyme concentration, contact time, and pH was optimized toward the recovery activity of immobilized laccase. This optimization was carried out using a 33 experimental design and response surface methodology. Enzyme concentration played a critical role in laccase immobilization. Under optimized conditions (0.15 μL L−1 of enzyme concentration, 4.8 h of contact time, pH 5.4), the predicted and experimental response were equal to 47.88 and 49.30%, respectively. The thermal stability of the immobilized laccase was found to increase notably at 60 and 70°C presenting stabilization factor equal to 1.79 and 2.11, respectively. The immobilized laccase showed high operational stability, since it retained 86% of its initial activity after seven consecutive biocatalytic cycles of reaction with 2,2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid). Kinetic studies showed that the values of Michaelis–Menten constant and maximum reaction rate decreased upon immobilization (9.9‐ and 1.6‐fold, respectively). Globally, the use of immobilized laccase on BC offers an interesting tool for industrial biocatalytic applications.
Changes in Organic Carbon Pool in Agricultural Soils and its Different Development in Individual Agro-Climatic Regions of Slovakia

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is one of the basic parameters of soil productivity and quality. Generally soil has potential to sequestrate or release organic carbon depending on land use/management and climatic conditions. The main aim of this article is to show changes in SOC in agricultural land of Slovakia over almost the last 40 years on the basis of modelling data of SOC stock by the RothC model and unequal development of SOC stock on agro-climatic regions of Slovakia. The results received show that average SOC stock [t/ha] in Slovakia is higher on grasslands in comparison to arable land. However, total SOC pool (t) in top of 0.2 m of soil on the modelling area of agricultural Slovak land shows that a considerable part of SOC stock is located in arable land and is approximately four times greater than on grasslands because the arable land represents about 80% of the modelling area. In the first modelling period (1970-1994), the SOC stock gradually increased, but in the second modelling period (1995-2007) no significant changes in SOC stock on the arable land were observed. In the southwest part of Slovakia, increasing of SOC stock during all modelling periods was observed; however, in the northeast part a slight increase of SOC stock only in the first modelling period (1970-1994) was found and in the second modelling period (1995-2007) decrease of SOC accumulation was observed. The results of this statistical analysis show significant relationship between carbon input/SOC stock as independent variables and agro-climatic regions as dependent variable.
FIELD TESTS ON CONTROL OF THE IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE) AND THE CABBAGE LOOPER (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) BY MIXTURES OF MICROBIAL AND CHEMICAL INSECTICIDES

Abstract The efficacy of mixtures of permethrin and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Berliner (B.t.), Autographa californica (Speyer) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ACNPV), or Pieris (= Artogeia) rapae (L.) granulosis virus (PRGV) against the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), and the imported cabbageworm, P. rapae, was assessed by field plot tests. Protection of the crop and yield by plots treated with several of the reduced-dosage mixtures were similar to protection and yield by plots treated with permethrin at the full rate, demonstrating a feasible procedure for reducing the amount of chemical insecticide applied without sacrificing protection of the crop. Furthermore, efficacy of the biological component of the mixtures, B.t. or viruses, was frequently enhanced by low concentrations of the chemical component on the mixture. Résumé L’efficacité de mélanges de perméthrine et de Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Berliner (B.t.), du virus de la polyhédrose nucléaire Autographa californica (Speyer) (ACNPV), ou du virus de la granulose Pieris (= Artogeia) rapae (L.) (PRGV) contre la fausse-arpenteuse du chou, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), et la piéride du chou, P. rapae, a été évaluée par des essais parcellaires en plein champ. La protection de la culture et les rendements des parcelles traitées de plusieurs mélanges à dose réduite ont été semblables à ceux des parcelles traitées à la perméthrine à pleine dose, ce qui démontre la possibilité de réduire la quantité d’insecticide chimique appliqué sans sacrifier la production de la culture. En outre, l’efficacité de la composante biologique du mélange, soit B.t. ou les virus, est fréquemment relevée par de faibles concentrations de la composante chimique du mélange.
The poinsettia strain of the cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), biological and demographic parameters on poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) in relation to temperature

Biological characteristics of the poinsettia strain of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius were investigated on poinsettia by laboratory experiments at five temperatures (range: 16°C–28°C). In addition, the effect of rearing B. tabaci on the two plant species, Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) (Solanaceae) and Euphorbia pulcherrima (Euphorbiaceae) (poinsettia) was investigated. The temperature-dependencies were established for the developmental time for eggs and egg-to-adult phase, juvenile mortality, adult female life-span, pre-oviposition period, age-specific fecundity, and sex-ratio. The lower temperature thresholds for egg-development, development from egg to adult and for ovipositional adults were estimated as well as the lower temperature threshold for oviposition. The thresholds were 12°C, 14°C, 8°C and 14°C, respectively. Egg-development required 126 day-degrees and the entire development into adults 327 day-degrees. Mortality was highest at 16°C, being 19.3% in the egg-stage and 95% from egg to adult. The pre-oviposition period and the adult life-span were 40 and 360 day-degrees. The age-specific fecundity of B. tabaci was described by a temperature-dependent model. The maximum daily fecundity rate was attained after 60 and 125 day-degrees for B. tabaci reared on tobacco and poinsettia, respectively. The fecundity was highest for B. tabaci reared on poinsettia. The sex-ratio was in favour of females at and above 19°C and increased with temperature. Estimates of the net reproductive rate, the intrinsic rate of increase, the finite rate of increase, the mean generation time and the doubling time were obtained. A positive linear relationship was found between rm and temperature, the values ranging from 0.0012 at 16°C to 0.1263 at 28°C.
Protective Effect of an Ectomycorrhizal Fungus against the Root Pathogen Myceliumradicisatrovirens

The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillusgranulatus prevented the phytopathogenic fungus Myceliumradicisatrovirens from adversely affecting the growth of aseptically grown seedlings of Piceamariana. Disease symptoms caused by M. radicisatrovirens are summarized for aseptically grown pine and spruce seedlings.
Genetic Diversity Among Indian Coffee Cultivars Determined via Molecular Markers

Information on genetic diversity of different commercial coffee cultivars grown in India during the last 90 years is scarce. In the present study, the genetic diversity of selected coffee cultivars, along with some advanced breeding lines, was evaluated using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR), and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) or the genetic diversity of ISSR primers (0.365) was higher than that for both RAPD (0.222) and SRAP primers (0.346). The average resolving power (Rp) of SRAP primers (13.29) was slightly lower than that of RAPD (13.60) but higher than that of ISSR primers (11.23). The genetic similarity among various cultivars using Jaccard's similarity coefficients ranged from 0.74 to 0.99 using RAPD, 0.48 to 0.94 using SRAP marker, and 0.57 to 0.95 using ISSR systems. Based on the marker analysis, all 24 coffee cultivars were clustered into two major groups, of which one is represented by cultivars belonging to C. arabica and the other group represented by C. canephora. Of the three marker systems used, the SRAP marker system was more informative and amplified several cultivar-specific fragments. The use of molecular markers can speed up genetic improvement of coffee cultivars.
The non-indigenous mussel Musculista senhousia in an Adriatic lagoon: effects on benthic community over a ten year period

The Asian date mussel, Musculista senhousia (Mytilidae), is a good example of a species that has dispersed outwards from its native area through human-mediated transport, establishing sustainable populations in distant parts of the world. The date mussel, which is endemic in the Western Pacific region, appeared and became very abundant in the Sacca di Goro, a brackish lagoon in the Po River Delta (northern Adriatic Sea, Italy) in the early 1990s. Effects of M. senhousia on macrobenthic biodiversity were assessed over a ten year time period. At the study site, the increase in abundance and spread of M. senhousia resulted in an alteration of the pre-established macrobenthic community. Changes in benthic dynamics seemed apparent, through the inhibition of epifaunal, suspension-feeding taxa (Ficopomatus enigmaticus, Mytilaster minimus), and the enhancement of detritivores (Neanthes succinea, Streblospio shrubsolii, Microdeutopus gryllotalpa). It is hypothesized that the Asian date mussel was initially successful because it exploited a naturally disturbed, sparsely occupied environment, rather than interjecting itself among and displacing existing species. Musculista senhousia acted, at least initially, as a colonizer rather than an invader.
Scanning electron micrographs and notes on broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), (Acari: Heterostigmata: Tarsonemidae)

Abstract Broad mite eggs, larvae, and adults were prepared for scanning electron micrographs by critical point drying or by a cold stage technique. The micrographs revealed that tubercles on the egg are hollow and have perforated walls. There was no sign of a second prelarval cuticle inside the egg “shell”. Micrographs showed that pharate females are held by the male using the terminal pad which appears to function like a suction pad.
Phylogeny and Character Evolution in Nierembergia (Solanaceae): Molecular, Morphological, and Cytogenetic Evidence

Abstract Nierembergia (Solanaceae) contains 21 species found primarily in South America, with one species occurring disjunctly in Mexico. Among other features, a pollination system not found elsewhere in the Solanaceae typifies this genus. In most species, nectaries are absent, but oil-producing elaiophores are present on the corolla limb and these attract oil-collecting bees. Molecular phylogenetic hypotheses based on nuclear ITS and chloroplast rpl16 intron data support the monophyly of Nierembergia, which is sister to a clade composed of Bouchetia plus Hunzikeria. The data reconstruct two clades within the genus: one composed primarily of herbaceous species with broad stigmas and the second containing woody species with crescent-shaped stigmas. Morphological homoplasy is frequent among the species of the herbaceous clade, while the woody clade is morphologically cohesive. Chromosome counts are confirmed and karyotype features are given for 13 Nierembergia species (including six varieties) and for Bouchetia anomala, Leptoglossis linifolia, and Petunia axillaris. The two clades are also supported by karyotypic features: one has asymmetrical karyotypes, small chromosomes, and two chromosome pairs with nucleolar organizing regions (NOR) and the other has symmetrical karyotypes, large chromosomes, and only one NOR.