Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sharp Decrease in Summer Monsoon Strength 4000–3500 cal yr B.P. in the Central Higher Himalaya of India Based on Pollen Evidence from Alpine Peat

Abstract Age-constrained pollen data and magnetic susceptibility of an alpine peat profile from the Garhwal Higher Himalaya display a continuous record of climate and monsoon trends for the past 7800 yr. About 7800 cal yr B.P., dominance of evergreen oak (Quercus semecarpifolia), alder (Alnus), and grasses in the pollen record reflect a cold, wet climate with moderate monsoon precipitation. From 7800 to 5000 cal yr B.P., vegetation was progressively dominated by conifers, indicating ameliorated climate with a stronger monsoon. A warm, humid climate, with highest monsoon intensity, from 6000–4500 cal yr B.P. represents the mid-Holocene climatic optimum. Between 4000 and 3500 cal yr B.P., the abundance of conifers sharply decreased, with the greatest increase in evergreen oak. This trend suggests progressive cooling, with a decrease in the monsoon to its minimum about 3500 cal yr B.P. Two relatively minor cold/dry events at ca. 3000 and 2000 cal yr B.P. marked step-wise strengthening of the monsoon until ca. 1000 cal yr B.P. After a cold/dry episode that culminated ca. 800 cal yr B.P., the monsoon again strengthened and continued until today. A sharp decrease in temperature and rainfall at 4000–3500 cal yr B.P. represents the weakest monsoon event of the Holocene record. This cold/dry event correlates with proxy data from other localities of the Indian subcontinent, Arabian Sea, and western Tibet.
Thermal history during Mesozoic extension and Tertiary uplift in the Cameros Basin, northern Spain

Detailed structural cross‐sections, analysis of extensional structures and palaeotemperatures obtained from primary fluid inclusions in quartz and calcite veins from the extensional Cameros Basin (N Spain) allow an interpretation of its thermal evolution and its geometric reconstruction to be constrained. The Cameros Basin underwent an extensional stage during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, with a maximum preserved thickness of Mesozoic deposits of about 9000 m. During the Tertiary, the basin was inverted, allowing a large part of the sedimentary sequence to be exposed. Extensional deformation in individual beds created N120E‐striking tension gashes in the synrift sequence, parallel to the master normal faults limiting the basin and dipping perpendicular to bedding. The extensional strain calculated from tension gashes varies between 4 and 12%. The number and thickness of veins increases the lower their position in the stratigraphic section. Palaeotemperatures were obtained from samples along a stratigraphic section comprising a thickness of 4000 m synrift deposits. Homogenization temperatures range from 107 to 225 °C. Palaeothermometric data and geometric reconstruction give a geothermal gradient of 27–41 °C km−1 during the extensional stage and allow an eroded section of at least 1500 m to be inferred. Low‐grade metamorphic assemblages in lutitic rocks of the deepest part of the basin presently exposed at surface imply P–T conditions of 350–400 °C and less than 2 kbar, which implies a geothermal gradient of about 70 °C km−1. Since the metamorphic thermal peak is dated at 100 Ma, the P–T path indicates a heating event during the late Albian, probably linked to the reaching of thermal equilibrium of the continental crust after extension. The results obtained support the hypothesis of a synclinal basin geometry, with vertical superposition of Lower Cretaceous sedimentary units rather than a model of laterally juxtaposed bodies onlapping the prerift sequence.
How much predictive skill is contained in the thermal structure of an oceanic GCM

Abstract The time history of upper-ocean temperatures in the tropical Pacific has been used as a predictor in a statistical prediction scheme to forecast SST anomalies in this region. The temperature variations were taken from the output of an oceanic general circulation model that was forced by observed winds for the period 1961 to 1985. Since such model data are presently used as initial conditions in prediction experiments with coupled ocean–atmosphere models, it is of particular interest to investigate up to what lead time tropical Pacific SST is predictable without the coupling of an atmosphere model to the ocean model. We compared our results with those obtained by the persistence forecast and with those obtained by using the wind stresses themselves as predictors in a statistical forecast model. It is shown that using the upper ocean temperatures from the ocean model forced by observed winds gives significantly better skills at lead times of 6 to 12 months compared to persistence and to the pure wi.
Sediment Transport Relationships for Sand and Silt Loam Soils

ABSTRACT Sediment transport relationship is one of the most important components in soil erosion prediction models. A laboratory study was conducted using three size classes of uniform sand, a sandy soil, and a silt loam soil to investigate the transport and deposition of laboratory study were used to test various sediment transport relationships. Most of the reliable bed load equations tested, which consider critical shear stress, fit the tested, which consider critical shear stress, fit the uniform sand and sandy soil data reasonably well. This result implies that rolling, sliding, and hopping were the major modes of motion for the sandy soil particles under shallow flow conditions. For the silt loam soil, a power function of dimensionless shear stress with an exponent of about 1.5, gave good prediction of sediment transport capacity. For both the silt loam and sandy soils, the presence of low intensity rainfall, which ranged from 0 to 50 mm/h, on the depositional area, did not significantly change the dimensionless sediment transport relationship. A simplified deposition model, using the dimensionless sediment transport relationship developed in this study, simulated the evolution of bed profile for the sandy soil reasonably well.
Targeted Therapy with Anlotinib for a Patient with an Oncogenic FGFR3 - TACC3 Fusion and Recurrent Glioblastoma

stain (200 × ) shows that tumor cells are dense and unevenly distributed, with obvious nuclear heterogeneity, and that small blood vessels proliferate in the tumor tissue. The immunohistochemical results showed that GFAP and Olig-2 were expressed, IDH-1 was negative, and the Ki67 proliferation index was (cid:1) 3%. The ﬁ nal diagnosis was anaplastic astrocytoma, IDH wild type, World Health Organization grade III.
Women's Empowerment and Choice of Contraceptive Methods

International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 28 methods was associated with women's negative attitudes toward domestic violence (1.2). When individual and community characteristics were controlled for in model 3, women's ability to negotiate sexual activity remained strongly associated with both contraceptive use outcomes: An increase of one point in this empowerment score was correlated with an 18% increase in the likelihood of using a female method instead of no method, and a 13% increase in the likelihood of using a couple method instead of no method. In this model, economic empowerment was only marginally related to use of female methods, and the association between negative attitudes toward domestic violence and use of couple methods also lost significance. Uganda The majority (79%) of Ugandan women were not using any contraceptives at the time of the survey; use of female methods was twice that of couple methods (14% and 7%, respectively—not shown). Regression analysis found that the overall score of women's empowerment had a strong relationship with contraceptive use: An increase of one point in the score was associated with a 21% increase in the relative risk of using female methods as opposed to no method, and a 31% increase in the likelihood of using couple methods instead of no method (Table 5, model 1). Four of the empowerment dimensions were shown to be associated with contraceptive use. Women's economic em-powerment was related to both female and couple method use (relative risk ratios, 1.2 for each—model 2). In addition, women who reported spousal agreement on fertility preferences were more likely to use female or couple methods rather than no method (1.4 and 2.0, respectively), as were those who scored higher on the scale of negative attitudes ated with the use of female (1.1–1.8) and couple methods (1.1–1.3) in model 2. In addition, women's involvement in household economic decisions was related to use of female methods (1.1). When individual-and community-level characteristics were controlled for, however, the associations between use of female methods and economic empowerment and negotiation over sex disappeared, as did those between domestic violence attitudes and use of either type of method (model 3). Only perceived agreement on fertility preferences remained significant for both female and couple method use: Compared with women who said their partner wanted a different number of children (or who did not know their partner's preference), those who reported agreement were 45% more likely to use …
A New Mechanism for Mode Water Formation Involving Cabbeling and Frontogenetic Strain at Thermohaline Fronts. Part II: Numerical Simulations

AbstractSubmesoscale-resolving numerical simulations are used to investigate a mechanism for sustained mode water formation via cabbeling at thermohaline fronts subject to a confluent strain flow. The simulations serve to further elucidate the mechanism and refine the predictions of the analytical model of Thomas and Shakespeare. Unlike other proposed mechanisms involving air–sea fluxes, the cabbeling mechanism, in addition to driving significant mode water formation, uniquely determines the thermohaline properties of the mode water given knowledge of the source water masses on either side of the front. The process of mode water formation in the simulations is as follows: Confluent flow associated with idealized mesoscale eddies forces water horizontally toward the front. The frontogenetic circulation draws this water near adiabatically from the full depth of the thermohaline front up to the surface 25 m, where resolved submesoscale instabilities drive intense mixing across the thermohaline front, creatin.
Detection of the temporal and spatial structure of a volcanic plume by ground-based remote sensing

Available CL31 ceilometer measurements (backscatter profiles at 910 nm) have been applied to detect the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic plume after the eruption on April 14th, 2011. Ceilometer backscatter intensities in Augsburg showed a layer of strongly enhanced backscatter above the planetary boundary layer (PBL) only on April 17th until 13:00. From 02:00 until 13:00, the volcanic plume subsided and was finally mixed into the PBL where its clear signature finally disappeared. From 17:00 until mid-night, a structured layer in the upper part of the PBL became visible and is interpreted as a remnant of the formerly confined plume layer above a stable lower atmosphere. The ceilometer observations further indicate that there was a defined upper boundary of the PBL and the lower atmosphere was well mixed on April 17th from 13:00 until 17:00 up to about 1500 m a.g. l. , i.e. the vertical extension of the PBL was relatively large. Entrainment of volcanic material into the PBL must be assumed in this phase, but a corresponding signal on the near-surface air composition at Augsburg was not detectable due to strong dilution and high background concentrations. On April 19th, the situation became different: Due to convection, the distinct separation of the PBL and the free troposphere above disappeared. During the following night, a stable near-surface layer and a residual second layer were formed. Such meteorological conditions favoured the enrichment of air pollutants near surface level, as seen during the night from April 19th to April 20th.
Assessment of Particulate Concentrations from Domestic Biomass Combustion in Rural Mexico

Recent evidence has suggested that woodsmoke exposure in developed countries is associated with acute and chronic health impacts. Accordingly, it is increasingly important to investigate the much higher woodsmoke exposures associated with the use of wood and other biomass for cooking and heating in developing countries. Particulate concentrations were measured in rural Mexican kitchens using biomass combustion for cooking. To investigate differences in indoor particle concentrations between kitchens using different fuels and stove types, measurements were made in eight kitchens using only biomass, six using only liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), six using a combination of biomass and LPG, and three using biomass in ventilated stoves. Outdoor samples were collected at the same time as the indoor samples. PM10 and PM2.5 measurements were made with inertial impactors, and particle light scattering was measured continuously with an integrating nephelometer. Nephelometer and particulate mass measurements were hig.
Global glaciation in the Neoproterozoic: Reconciling previous modelling results

Recent Neoproterozoic climate modelling experiments using different sea ice components have yielded opposing results. Here we have attempted to reconcile these differences through the implementation of various representations of sea ice in the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model. In particular, using a sea ice model similar to that of the Fast Ocean Atmosphere Model version 1.4, global glaciation is not achievable, whereas it occurs with an energy‐conserving version of a more physically complete thermodynamic model. We argue that using a physically incomplete representation of sea ice may be a major factor in the inability of some previous coupled models to simulate global glaciations.
Northern hemisphere summer ozone variability observed by POAM II

Zonal asymmetry in ozone mixing ratio was observed by POAM II during the 1994–1996 summers between 55°N and 65°N and between 21 km and 28 km in altitude. The zonal variance can be described as persistent large‐scale ozone patterns that move approximately with the zonal mean wind. The histories of air parcels observed by POAM are deduced from 20‐day back trajectories using UKMO winds which have been corrected for stationary anomalies. The ozone mixing ratio is found to correlate with the average latitude of the back trajectory throughout the summer, indicating that the zonal variance is a result of meridional transport. The meridional transport appears to be caused by breaking of westward‐propagating waves that are evanescent in the summer easterly flow.
The Treatment Mechanisms of a Cognitive Behavioral and Mindfulness-Based Group Sleep Improvement Intervention for At-Risk Adolescents.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to test whether a cognitive behavioral and mindfulness-based group sleep intervention would improve sleep and anxiety on school nights in a sample of at-risk adolescents. We also examined whether benefits to sleep and anxiety would be mediated by improvements in sleep hygiene awareness and presleep hyperarousal. Methods: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial conducted with 123 adolescent participants (female = 60%; mean age = 14.48) who had high levels of sleep problems and anxiety symptoms. Participants were randomized into a sleep improvement intervention ( n = 63) or active control “study skills” intervention ( n = 60). Preintervention and postintervention, participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS), Sleep Beliefs Scale (SBS), and Presleep Hyperarousal Scale (PSAS) and wore an actiwatch and completed a sleep diary for five school nights. Results: The sleep intervention condition was associated with significantly greater improvements in actigraphy-measured sleep onset latency (SOL obj ), sleep diary measured sleep efficiency (SE subj ), PSQI, SCAS, SBS, and PSAS, with medium to large effect sizes. Improvements in the PSQI and SCAS were specifically mediated by the measured improvements in the PSAS that resulted from the intervention. Improvements in SOL obj and SE subj were not specifically related to improvements in any of the putative treatment mechanisms. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that presleep arousal but not sleep hygiene awareness is important for adolescents’ perceived sleep quality and could be a target for new treatments of adolescent sleep problems. Despite the fact that cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia is a frontline treatment for insomnia in adults and mindfulness-based sleep interventions are showing promise of efficacy, no previous studies have evaluated mechanisms of change in these treatments using an adolescent sample. Results showed that reductions in presleep arousal represent a potential psychophysiological mechanism for therapeutic improvements in self-reported sleep problems among anxious adolescents. This suggests that the active treatment components of cognitive behavioral and mindfulness-based sleep interventions may be those that target hyperarousal and that these treatments could be directed toward adolescents with vulnerability for hyperarousal. Future studies that examine durability and progression of change over time, specificity of effects of different treatment components, dose-response relationships, and temporal relations between variables are needed.
Litter Fall and Energy Flux in a Mangrove Ecosystem

Abstract Production, elemental composition andin situdecomposition of litter ofRhizophora apiculata,R. mucronata,Sonneratia albaandAvicenna officinaliswere studied in a mangrove ecosystem fringing Madovi–Zuari Estuaries on the Central West Coast of India. Litter yield ranged from 10.2 tonnes ha-1year-1inA. officinalisthrough 11.8 (R. apiculataandR. mucronata) to 17 tonnes ha-1year-1inS. alba. Seasonally maximum litter fall was in pre- and post-monsoon monthe, with the lowest production in the monsoon. Modelling of litter fall as a function of Julian day and six environmental parameters showed that the observed changes can be explained in terms of dry/wet season and wind speed, with a 1000. Total decomposition (98–100% loss in dry weight and C, and >90% loss in N and P) of yellow leaves was within 15 weeks in the twoRhizosporaspp. andS. alba, and within 8 weeks inA. officinalis. In all four species, mass changes during decomposition obeyed first-order kinetics. Comparison of C, N and P fluxes from the decomposing mangrove litter with phytoplankton, bacterial and secondary production in the estuarine waters showed that mangrove production is important mainly for the C budget of the Estuaries and in sustaining the microbial food chain and nutrient regeneration, rather than the particulate food chain directly.
The role of soil in the external corrosion of cast iron water mains in Toronto, Canada

External corrosion is a major factor contributing to the deterioration of cast iron water mains; it weakens the pipe wall, which increases the risk of failure. External corrosion is a function of the interaction between the pipeline and the soil that surrounds it. The aggressiveness of soil towards cast iron is affected by soil properties such as resistivity, pH, and the presence of sulphate reducing bacteria. Water main sections and accompanying soil samples were collected from locations across Toronto within the framework of a comprehensive research project over a 2 year period. After careful examination of the effect of each of the soil properties, it appears that soil resistivity has the largest effect on the observed maximum average pitting rate. Limitations to the practical application of the American Water Works Association soil corrosiveness scoring system are also presented. A preliminary spatial analysis of the data indicates that water mains in the district of Etobicoke have had a higher averag.
Detection and parameterization of variations in solar mid- and near-ultraviolet radiation (200-400 nm)

Nimbus 7 and Solar Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE) spacecraft measurements of solar irradiance both exhibit variability at mid (200–300 nm) and near (300–400 nm) ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths that are attributable to the Sun's 27-day solar rotation, even though instrument sensitivity drifts obscure longer-term, 11-year cycle variations. Competing influences of dark sunspots and bright faculae are the dominant causes of this rotational modulation. Parameterizations of these influences using a newly developed UV sunspot darkening index and the Mg index facular proxy replicate the rotational modulation detected in both the broadband Nimbus 7 filter data (275–360 nm and 300–410 nm) and in SOLSTICE 1-nm spectra from 200 to 400 nm. Assuming that these rotational modulation influences scale linearly over the solar cycle, long–term databases of sunspot and global facular proxies permit estimation of 11-year cycle amplitudes of the mid– and near–UV solar spectrum, unmeasured at wavelengths longward of 300 nm because of insufficient long-term repeatability (relative accuracy) of state-of-the-art solar radiometers at these wavelengths. Reconstructions of UV irradiances throughout the 11-year solar cycle indicate variabilities of 0.173 W/m2 (1.1%) in the integrated radiation from 200 to 300 nm and 0.24 W/m2 (0.25%) in radiation from 300 to 400 nm. These two UV bands thus contribute about 13% and 18%, respectively, to the 1.34 W/m2 (0.1%) total (spectrally integrated) radiative output solar cycle. The parameterizations allow customization of UV irradiance time series for specific wavelength bands required as inputs to general circulation model simulations of solar cycle forcing of global climate change, and have practical implications regarding the long-term repeatability required for future solar monitoring.
Anti-GluA3 antibodies in frontotemporal dementia: effects on glutamate neurotransmission and synaptic failure

A number of evidences has put forward new players in the pathogenesis of Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) claiming for a role of autoimmunity and altered glutamate neurotransmission in triggering disease onset. We reported the presence of autoantibodies recognizing the GluA3 subunit of AMPA receptors in about 25% of FTD cases. Here we evaluated the mechanisms involved in anti-GluA3 autoimmunity in FTD, through molecular/neurochemical analyses conducted on patients’ brain specimens, corroborated by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and analysis of glutamate, D-serine and L-serine levels in the CSF. We observed that GluA3 autoantibodies affect glutamatergic neurotransmission, decreasing glutamate release and altering GluA3-containing AMPA receptor levels. These alterations were accompanied by changes of scaffolding proteins involved in receptor synaptic retention/internalization. The above results were confirmed by TMS, suggesting a significant impairment of indirect measures of glutamate neurotransmission in FTD patients as compared to controls, with further add-on harmful effect in those FTD patients with antiGluA3 antibodies. Finally, FTD patients showed a significant increase of glutamate, D-serine and L-serine levels in the CSF.
Effect of humic acid on the behaviour of solidified dredged material

Unconfined compression and bound-water content tests were conducted to study the effect of humic acid on the mechanical behaviour of solidified dredged material. It is found that the unconfined compressive strength (qu) and the change in bound-water content (Δmbw) exhibit similar relationships with the humic-acid content and curing time. Both parameters decrease with an increase in humic-acid content until reaching a threshold humic-acid content, above which the magnitudes of both parameters reduce to relatively low and steady values. In addition, both qu and Δmbw increase nonlinearly with the curing time. A relationship between qu and Δmbw is presented; Δmbw may reflect the extent of the hydrates developed in the solidified soil which increases nonlinearly with qu.