Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phonophobia and migraine features in patients with definite meniere’s disease: Pentad or triad/tetrad?

Abstract Background: Epidemiological studies have shown different association between migraine and Meniere’s disease (MD). Few studies investigated the frequency of phonophobia in MD. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the frequency of phonophobia and other features of migraine in definite MD. Material and Methods: Patients with definite MD and a group of healthy (non-MD, non-vertiginous) control subjects participated. Demographic data and other clinical features of the two diseases recorded. Data analyzed in SPSS software version 20, by qi square and independent T test and logistic regression model. Results: 69 MD patients (average age: 48.87 ± 12.15 years) and 60 control subjects (average age: 47.58 ± 12.05 years) enrolled. The frequency of migraine headache in MD cases was 16% (45% with aura) compared with 5% in control group (three cases; 2 without and 1 with aura) (p < .001). Family history of migraine was the only determinant of the presence of migraine in MD (p = .001, OR = 15.625, 95%CI: 2.94–88.33). The frequency of phonophobia in MD was very high (88.4%: 54.5% in migraine subgroup and 89.6% in non-migraine cases) and without significant relation to existence of migraine, in contrast to photophobia and osmophobia (p = .064). Conclusions: The frequency of migraine in MD is higher than normal subjects. Phonophobia may be an independent symptom in MD.
Mediating Effect of Attributional Biases in the Impulsivity–Aggression Relationship Among Adolescents: Therapeutic Implications

Aggression is a multidimensional phenomenon, and for its better understanding, specificity involved in its dynamics must be explored. This article explores the role of attributional bias as a mediator between impulsivity and aggressive tendencies among adolescents. The mediating effect of hostile attributional bias (HAB) on the impulsivity–aggression relationship has not been studied extensively so far, especially in the Indian context. For testing the hypotheses, 320 participants within the age range 12 to 15 years (M age = 13.57 years) were selected and administered relevant standardized questionnaires. Baron and Kenny’s criterion was used for mediation analysis, demonstrating that HAB partially mediates the association between impulsivity and aggression. Findings imply that reducing HAB through some reattribution intervention may be an effective strategy to reduce impulsivity-induced aggression. Specific guidelines to implement such interventions are suggested in the discussion.
Ensaio de longa durao com calcrio e cloreto de potssio na cultura do algodoeiro

Decorridos cinco anos de um ensaio de calagem e adubacao potassica do algodoeiro, em latossolo roxo distrofico do municipio de Guaira (SP), reaplicou-se o calcario nas mesmas doses da primeira fase (0, 2, 4 e 6 t/ha). Utilizou-se o calcario dolomitico com 25,3% de CaO, 19,9% de MgO e 68% de PRNT. O potassio foi aplicado em subparcelas nas doses anuais de 0, 50, 100 e 150 kg/ha de K2O, na forma de cloreto de potassio. Fez-se, anualmente, a adubacao com N, P2O5 e B nas doses respectivas de 60, 100 e 1,5 kg/ha. O efeito da calagem no aumento dos valores de pH e da saturacao por bases da camada aravel do solo foi imediato, havendo, no entanto, um decrescimo nos valores desses indices apos o segundo ano e um retorno aos niveis da fase anterior. Concomitantemente, a lixiviacao de Ca e de Mg foi acentuada a partir do segundo ano apos a reaplicacao do calcario. O efeito do potassio na producao de algodao foi mais evidente com a calagem. Sintomas de sua deficiencia foram observados nas plantas das parcelas com calcario e sem adubacao potassica. Na ausencia de calagem, a dose maxima de potassio provocou injuria nas plantas. O indice de 90% da produtividade maxima esperada foi alcancado em presenca da adubacao potassica e quando a saturacao por bases aumentou ate 60% na camada aravel e 40% nas profundidades de 20-40 cm e 40-60 cm.
Overweight and Obesity as Independent Factors for Increased Risk of Hepatocellular Cancer-Related Mortality: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract Obesity is related to the amplified risk of developing hepatocellular cancer, but its outcome on hepatocellular cancer-related mortality remains uncertain. Hence, the present study aimed to perform a meta-analysis study to evaluate the relationship between weight and hepatocellular cancer-related deaths. Through a systematic literature search up to December 2019, 7 observational studies with 2,349,834 subjects, 4834 hepatocellular cancer-related deaths were identified reporting relationships between body mass index (BMI), and hepatocellular cancer-related mortality. Odd ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated comparing obese, BML > 30kg/m2, and overweight, BMI, 25–29.9 kg/m2 to subjects with normal BMI using the dichotomous method with a random-effect model. In obese subjects, males (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.25–2.70) and females (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.11–1.44), had higher hepatocellular cancer-related mortality compared to normal BMI subjects. However, overweight males (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.98–1.28) and overweight females (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.95–1.18), did not have such risk with moderate heterogeneity. The extent of increased mortality was higher in obese males compared to obese females. The impact of obesity on hepatocellular cancer-related mortality was observed in all populations with less extant in the black population. Based on this meta-analysis, obesity may have an independent relationship with up to the 1.84-fold risk of hepatocellular cancer-related mortality. This relationship was more pronounced in males than in females. Key teaching points Being overweight is related to the amplified risk of developing hepatocellular cancer. Obesity's affect on hepatocellular cancer-related mortality remains uncertain. Based on this meta-analysis, obesity may have an independent relationship with up to the 1.84-fold risk of hepatocellular cancer-related mortality. This relationship was more pronounced in males than in females.
Three-year outcome of rapid HIV testing at public health centers in Seoul, Republic of Korea: a short report

ABSTRACT Before 2014, the only test used for anonymous voluntary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening at public health centers (PHCs) in the Republic of Korea was an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which takes around 3 days to obtain results. In 2014, to encourage voluntary anonymous HIV screening tests, the Seoul Metropolitan Government adopted a rapid HIV screening test at PHCs. The rapid HIV screening test was introduced at four PHCs in 2014 and all 25 PHCs after 2015. We compared the numbers of HIV screening tests and confirmed positive individuals before and after introduction of the rapid HIV screening test. In 2012–2013, before the introduction of rapid HIV screening test, an average of 330 HIV screening tests were performed monthly (355 in 2012 and 305 in 2013) and 69 individuals were confirmed to have HIV in 2012 and 93 in 2013. After the introduction of the rapid HIV screening test, anonymous voluntary HIV screening increased to a monthly average of 447 tests in 2014, 2099 in 2015, and 2409 in 2016. These identified 38 new cases in 2014, 116 in 2015, and 143 in 2016. Adoption of the rapid HIV screening test has increased the number of HIV screening tests and confirmed cases.
Evaluation of audiovestibular system in psoriasis patients without joint involvement

Inner ear involvement may occur in systemic autoimmune diseases. Although there are studies evaluating hearing in psoriasis patients, its effect on the balance system is not clear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the audiovestibular system in psoriasis patients without joint involvement. In this prospective study, the audiovestibular system of 32 psoriasis patients without joint involvement and 35 healthy volunteers were evaluated. The severity of the disease was determined by the psoriasis area severity index (PASI). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of hearing test results, while the abnormal caloric test response was significantly higher in the psoriatic patients. PASI scores of psoriasis patients with abnormal caloric test results were higher than those with normal caloric test response. In psoriasis patients without joint involvement, the hearing was not affected, but the vestibular system was. The severity of the disease was associated with vestibular involvement. Particularly in patients with severe psoriasis, it must be considered that the vestibular system might be affected, and vestibular evaluations should be performed.
Effects of nimodipine combined with betahistine on CRP and other inflammatory cytokines and vascular endothelial function in patients with hypertensive cerebral vasospasm.

OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effect of nimodipine combined with betahistine on the levels of CRP and other inflammatory cytokines, as well as vascular endothelial function in patients with hypertensive cerebral vasospasm. METHODS A total of 80 patients with hypertensive cerebral vasospasm from March 2016 to September 2018 were enrolled and randomly equally divided into two groups. At 1 week before enrollment, the application of all antihypertensive drugs was stopped. Then amlodipine tablets were used in control group, based on which nimodipine tablets were applied in observation group. All the patients included were followed up for 1 month. The changes in the cerebral vasospasm index in the course of treatment as well as inflammatory cytokines and indicators related to vascular endothelial function at 1 month after treatment were measured and compared between the two groups. The correlations of the cerebral vasospasm index with the changes in inflammatory cytokines and vascular endothelial function-related factors in the body were analyzed. Finally, the effective rates of blood pressure regulation and cerebral vasospasm treatment were compared, while the adverse reactions and the overall clinical treatment effect of the two groups were evaluated. RESULTS The cerebral vasospasm indexes in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group at 3 d, 1 week and 1 month after treatment (p < 0.05). At 1 month after treatment, the levels of inflammatory cytokines such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in observation group were significantly reduced compared to those in control group (p < 0.05). As for vascular endothelial function-related indicators, the endothelin-1 (ET-1) level in observation group was markedly lower than that in control group, whereas the level of nitric oxide (NO) was statistically higher than that in control group (p < 0.05). The cerebral vasospasm index was statistically positively correlated with changes in hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and ET-1 (p < 0.05), but negatively correlated with changes in NO (p < 0.05). Besides, the effective rates of blood pressure regulation and cerebral vasospasm treatment in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group (p < 0.05). The overall treatment effective rate in observation group was markedly higher than that in control group (p < 0.05), and there were no significant differences of adverse reactions between the two groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION For the treatment of hypertensive cerebral vasospasm, combined application of betahistine on the basis of nimodipine can effectively reduce the body's aseptic inflammatory responses, improve vascular endothelial function and increase the cerebral circulation blood flow, which offers a favorable strategy for clinical therapy.
Dietary and Pharmacological Interventions that Inhibit Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Activity Alter the Brain Expression Levels of Neurogenic and Glial Markers in An Age- and Treatment-Dependent Manner.

Intermittent fasting (IF) and its mimetic, rapamycin extend lifespan and healthspan through mechanisms that are not fully understood. We investigated different short-term durations of IF and rapamycin on cellular and molecular changes in the brains of young (6-10 months) and old (26-31 months) zebrafish. Interestingly, our results showed that IF significantly lowered glucose levels while increasing DCAMKL1 in both young and old animals. This proliferative effect of IF was supported by the upregulation of foxm1 transcript in old animals. Rapamycin did not change glucose levels in young and old animals but had differential effects depending on age. In young zebrafish, PCNA and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio was decreased, whereas GFAP and gephyrin were decreased in old animals. The changes in proliferative markers and a marker of autophagic flux suggest an age-dependent interplay between autophagy and cell proliferation. Additionally, changes in glia and inhibitory tone suggest a suppressive effect on neuroinflammation but may push the brain towards a more excitable state. mTOR activity in the brain following the IF and rapamycin treatment was differentially regulated by age. Interestingly, rapamycin inhibited mTOR more potently in young animals than IF. PCA supported our conclusion that the regulatory effects of IF and rapamycin were age-specific, since we observed different patterns in the expression levels and clustering of young and old animals. Taken together, our results suggest that even a short-term duration of IF and rapamycin have significant effects in the brain at young and old ages, and that these are age- and treatment-dependent.
The combination of an artificial intelligence approach and laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy for microbial identification.

Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive, label-free, highly-specific approach which provides the chemical information of materials. Thus, it is suitable to be used as an effective analytical tool to characterize biological samples. Here we introduce a novel method which uses artificial intelligence to analyze biological Raman spectra and identify the microbes at a single-cell level. The combination of a framework of convolutional neural network (ConvNet) and Raman spectroscopy allows the extraction of the Raman spectral features of a single microbial cell and then categorizes cells according to their spectral features. As the proof of concept, we measured Raman spectra of 14 microbial species at a single-cell level and constructed an optimal ConvNet model using the Raman data. The average accuracy of classification by ConvNet is 95.64±5.46%. Meanwhile, we introduced an occlusion-based Raman spectra feature extraction (ORSFE) to visualize the weights of Raman features for distinguishing different species.
Redescription of six species of the genus Typhlodromus Scheuten (Acari: Phytoseiidae: Typhlodrominae) recorded from some regions of Western and North–Western Iran

Collects of Phytoseiidae species of the genus Typhlodromus Scheuten have been carried out in some regions of Western and North–Western Iran from 2008–2011. This paper presents the redescription of six species belonging to two subgenera Typhlodromus ( Anthoseius ) De Leon and Typhlodromus ( Typhlodromus ) Scheuten (each with three species, respectively): T. ( A. ) bagdasarjani Wainstein & Arutunjan, T. ( A. ) kerkirae Swirski & Ragusa, T. ( A. ) khosrovensis Arutunjan, T. ( T. ) phialatus Athias–Henriot, T. ( T. ) leptodactylus Wainstein and T. ( T. ) tubifer Wainstein. It is the first record of T. ( T. ) phialatus Athias–Henriot for the Iranian phytoseiid fauna. This paper also provides an identification key of the species of the genus Typhlodromus in Iran.
Premortem Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Diagnoses in Professional Football

American‐style football (ASF) has gained attention because of possible links between repetitive head injury and neurodegenerative diseases. Although postmortem pathologic changes consistent with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) have been reported in ASF players, there are currently no established premortem diagnostic criteria for CTE. Nevertheless, presented with symptoms of cognitive impairment, clinicians treating former players may be inclined to suggest CTE without a thorough exploration of comorbid factors that demonstrate similar clinical phenotypes to putative CTE.
A review of fetal and neonatal consequences of maternal systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) primarily affects women of childbearing age and is commonly seen in pregnancy. The physiologic and immunologic changes of pregnancy may alter the course of SLE and impact maternal, fetal, and neonatal health. Multidisciplinary counseling before and during pregnancy from rheumatology, maternal fetal medicine, obstetrics, and pediatric cardiology is critical. Transplacental passage of autoantibodies, present in about 40% of women with SLE, can result in neonatal lupus (NL). NL can consist of usually permanent cardiac manifestations, including conduction system and myocardial disease, as well as transient cutaneous, hematologic, and hepatic manifestations. Additionally, women with SLE are more likely to develop adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and preterm birth, perhaps due to an underlying effect on placentation. This review describes the impact of SLE on maternal and fetal health by trimester, beginning with prepregnancy optimization of maternal health. This is followed by a discussion of NL and the current understanding of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of anti‐Ro/La mediated cardiac disease, as well as screening, treatment, and methods for prevention. Finally discussed is the known increase in preeclampsia and fetal growth issues in women with SLE that can lead to iatrogenic preterm delivery.
Remote sensing tracks daily radial wood growth of evergreen needleleaf trees

Relationships between gross primary productivity (GPP) and the remotely sensed photochemical reflectance index (PRI) suggest that time series of foliar PRI may provide insight into climate change effects on carbon cycling. However, because a large fraction of carbon assimilated via GPP is quickly returned to the atmosphere via respiration, we ask a critical question—can PRI time series provide information about longer term gains in aboveground carbon stocks? Here we study the suitability of PRI time series to understand intra‐annual stem‐growth dynamics at one of the world's largest terrestrial carbon pools—the boreal forest. We hypothesized that PRI time series can be used to determine the onset (hypothesis 1) and cessation (hypothesis 2) of radial growth and enable tracking of intra‐annual tree growth dynamics (hypothesis 3). Tree‐level measurements were collected in 2018 and 2019 to link highly temporally resolved PRI observations unambiguously with information on daily radial tree growth collected via point dendrometers. We show that the seasonal onset of photosynthetic activity as determined by PRI time series was significantly earlier (p < .05) than the onset of radial tree growth determined from the point dendrometer time series which does not support our first hypothesis. In contrast, seasonal decline of photosynthetic activity and cessation of radial tree growth was not significantly different (p > .05) when derived from PRI and dendrometer time series, respectively, supporting our second hypothesis. Mixed‐effects modeling results supported our third hypothesis by showing that the PRI was a statistically significant (p < .0001) predictor of intra‐annual radial tree growth dynamics, and tracked these daily radial tree‐growth dynamics in remarkable detail with conditional and marginal coefficients of determination of 0.48 and 0.96 (for 2018) and 0.43 and 0.98 (for 2019), respectively. Our findings suggest that PRI could provide novel insights into nuances of carbon cycling dynamics by alleviating important uncertainties associated with intra‐annual vegetation response to climate change.
Disposal Practices of Unused Medications Among Patients in Public Health Centers of Dessie Town, Northeast Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Survey

Background Disposal of pharmaceutical waste among patients is a global challenge, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. Improper medication disposal can lead to health problems and environmental contamination. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess disposal practices of unused medications among patients in public health centers of Dessie town, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 263 patients in four public health centers of Dessie town, Ethiopia from March to June 2019. Face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires were used to collect data from each study subject. Results The majority of the respondents, 224 (85.17%), had unused medications at their home during the study period. The most commonly reported disposal method in the present study was flushing down into a toilet, 66 (25.09%). None of the respondents practiced returning unused medications to the pharmacy. Moreover, 85 (32.31%) of the respondents reported never disposing of their medications and believed that it is acceptable to store medications at home for future use. Conclusion In the present study, there was a high practice of keeping medications at home and most of the disposal practices were not recommended methods. In addition, most of the respondents did not receive advice from pharmacists and other health-care professionals on how to dispose of unused medications. Hence, there is a need for proper education and guidance of patients about disposal practices of unused medications.
Radiology of Australian Mammals

Interest in the conservation and welfare of Australian native wildlife continues to grow. Veterinarians are frequently presented with injured, diseased or orphaned animals and there is increasing veterinary involvement in conservation programs. In Australia and overseas, Australian mammals are used in research, kept as pets and are popular display and education animals in zoos and fauna parks. The recognition, diagnosis and treatment of injury and disease in wildlife species present unique challenges for the veterinarian. Radiology is a fundamental diagnostic tool that can be used to further define the nature and extent of injury or disease, guide therapeutic decisions and determine prognosis. An essential aspect of radiology is the recognition and description of abnormal findings. In order to recognise abnormalities, knowledge of normal radioanatomy is necessary. Radiology of Australian Mammals provides a detailed reference on the normal radioanatomy of Australian mammals. A chapter on radiographic technique covers digital radiography of small species, and restraint and positioning to obtain diagnostic images. This is followed by chapters covering the normal radioanatomy of the short-beaked echidna, platypus, macropods, koala, wombats, dasyurids, possums and gliders, bandicoots and the bilby, and bats. Each chapter includes a detailed description of anatomy relevant to radiography and multiple images of normal radiographs with outlines and annotations identifying relevant structures. A chapter on dental radiology discusses and demonstrates normal dental radioanatomy. The final chapter includes selected radiographic pathology case studies providing an appreciation of radiographic findings seen in some common diseases of Australian mammals. A checklist of the mammals of Australia and its territories and a glossary of abbreviations and terms used for annotation of images complete the volume.