Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Benefits of Convection-Permitting Models by Neighborhood Verification: Examples from MAP D-PHASE

Abstract High-resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) models produce more detailed precipitation structures but the real benefit is probably the more realistic statistics gained with the higher resolution and not the information on the specific grid point. By evaluating three model pairs, each consisting of a high-resolution NWP system resolving convection explicitly and its low-resolution-driving model with parameterized convection, on different spatial scales and for different thresholds, this paper addresses the question of whether high-resolution models really perform better than their driving lower-resolution counterparts. The model pairs are evaluated by means of two fuzzy verification methods—upscaling (UP) and fractions skill score (FSS)—for the 6 months of the D-PHASE Operations Period and in a highly complex terrain. Observations are provided by the Swiss radar composite and the evaluation is restricted to the area covered by the Swiss radar stations. The high-resolution models outperform .
Aqueous extract from urucum (Bixa orellana L.): antimicrobial, antioxidant, and healing activity

Abstract Background: Annatto was obtained from seed B orellana (urucum) and is commonly used in food and cosmetic industries. The objective of this study was to identify the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract from urucum seeds and its skin healing potential in exposed cutaneous lesions in rats treated with the gel containing the extract. Methods: Three types of extracts from seeds were made using chloroform, sodium hydroxide, water, and estimated bixin and norbixin. In the presence of antioxidants, antibacterial was observed and then evaluated the skin healing in rats using aqueous extract. Results: Annatto dyes have been evaluated in all three extracts. When the seeds were extracted with chloroform, bixin was detected. If extraction was performed by sodium hydroxide or water, norbixin was detected. For healing use, 10% of aqueous extract was mixed in a gel base. The finding obtained from the antioxidant assay revealed that the activities of the water extract could be used as a source of polyphenolic compounds. In chloroform extract, the antioxidant was not effective because it has weak radical scavengers. With respect to antimicrobial activity, it has been observed that aqueous extract has more effect. For skin healing assay, a total of 3 study groups were tested: negative control group (gel base), positive control group (fibrinase), and test group (gel with urucum aqueous extract). After 7 days of treatment, animals treated with fibrinase had an improvement of 4.7% in total wound area when compared with the negative control while those treated with urucum aqueous extract presented an improvement of 51.55% in comparison. After 14 days, the total wound area of animals within the test group had a decrease of 94.97% when compared with the negative control (gel base) results while the control group presented an improvement of 56.58% in total wound area. These results indicate that wounds treated with urucum aqueous extract were 38.39% more efficient than fibrinase, a cream used for skin healing. Conclusions: It is possible to conclude that gel with aqueous extract is effective in skin healing in rats, being used as a phytotherapic, besides possessing antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.
On the robust fault detection via a sliding mode disturbance observer

This paper deals with robust fault detection for non-linear systems. This problem is usually solved by designing an observable subsystem which is only affected by the fault and not by the control and disturbance inputs. However, such a subsystem may not exist so that the so-called fundamental problem of residual generation (FPRG) is not solvable. The aim of the present paper is to design a fault detection filter when the conditions for the existence of a solution to the non-linear FPRG are not satisfied. Our approach is made in a geometric context. Under some decoupling assumptions, the design of sliding mode observers allows us to reconstruct the disturbance inputs and then to generate an effective residual. An illustrative example is given throughout the paper.
Alternative Procedures to Discriminate Non Nested Multivariate Linear Regression Models

ABSTRACT This article builds classical and Bayesian testing procedures for choosing between non nested multivariate regression models. Although there are several classical tests for discriminating univariate regressions, only the Cox test is able to consistently handle the multivariate case. We then derive the limiting distribution of the Cox statistic in such a context, correcting an earlier derivation in the literature. Further, we show how to build alternative Bayes factors for the testing of nonnested multivariate linear regression models. In particular, we compute expressions for the posterior Bayes factor, the fractional Bayes factor, and the intrinsic Bayes factor.
Analytical and Algebraic Aspects of the Operational Calculus

Schwartz distributions and Mikusinski operators on $R^n $ are brought together in a conglomerate of mappings which also include many well-known linear transformations. Included are the dilatations, exponential shifts, algebraic derivatives, partial differential operators (with constant or variable coefficients) and pseudo-differential operators. The theory of representation of distributions by operators is presented and then used to explain the operational procedures for solving partial differential equations in the Mikusinski field in terms of the analytical procedures for solving the same partial differential equations in the space of distributions. The paper is mainly expository with, however, many proofs given and covers mostly previously published results. No applications are considered.
Chaos in Kaluza-Klein models

Kaluza-Klein cosmological models are investigated in the vicinity of a spacelike singularity. A new parametrisation of the Kasner exponents is given for any spacetime dimension, which reduces the mixmaster dynamics to a combination of a translation and an isometry or a dilating inversion. Using this parametrisation, chaos is proven to hold for spacetime dimensions n or=11, the chaotic behaviour is shown to become unstable and to be replaced by monotonic Kasner asymptotics. These results explicitly establish conjectures formulated in previous work.
Potential Technologies Review: A hybrid information retrieval framework to accelerate demand‐pull innovation in biomedical engineering

Launching biomedical innovations based on clinical demands instead of translating basic research findings to practice reduces the risk that the results will not fit the clinical routine. To realize this type of innovation, a meta‐analysis of the body of research is necessary to reveal demand‐matching concepts. However, both the data deluge and the narrow time constraints for innovation make it impossible to perform such reviews manually. Thus, this paper proposes a specifically adapted “Potential Technologies Review” approach focusing on automated text mining and information retrieval techniques. The novel framework combines features from both systematic and scoping reviews. It aims at high coverage and reproducibility while mapping technologies—even with a fuzzy initial scope. To achieve these goals for search and triage, a set of closely interrelated methods has been developed: (a) automated query optimization, (b) screening prioritization, and (c) recall estimation. To determine appropriate parameters, a variety of published literature corpora were used and compared with an evaluation on a real‐world dataset. Our results show that it is feasible to automate the identification of relevant works using this newly introduced framework. It achieved a workload reduction of up to 91% “Work‐saved‐over Sampling (WSS)” with a 76% overall recall compared with manually screening search results. Reducing the workload is a prerequisite for a rapid Potential Technologies Review when conducting demand‐pull innovations. Moreover, it facilitates the updating and closer monitoring of latest findings. Studying the robustness of the framework and expanding it to patent documents are future tasks.
Direct numerical simulation of turbulence in injection-driven plane channel flows

Compressible turbulent flow in a periodic plane channel with mass injecting walls is studied as a simplified model for core flow in a solid-propellant rocket motor with homogeneous propellant and other injection-driven internal flows. In this model problem, the streamwise direction was asymptotically homogenized by assuming that at large distances from the closed end, both the mean and rms of turbulent fluctuations evolve slowly in the streamwise direction when compared to the turbulent fluctuations themselves. The Navier–Stokes equations were then modified to account for this slow growth. A direct numerical simulation of the homogenized compressible injection-driven turbulent flow was then conducted for conditions occurring at a streamwise location situated 40 channel half-widths from the closed off end and at an injection Reynolds number of approximately 190. The turbulence in this model flow was found to be only weakly compressible, although significant compressibility existed in the mean flow. As in n.
Sedimentological and fluid-dynamic implications of the turbulent bursting phenomenon in geophysical flows

The bursting process in turbulent boundary layers provides new insight on turbulence phenomena, mechanics of sedimentation, and genesis of bedforms in natural geophysical flows. Recent visualization experiments suggest that the turbulent boundary layer can be divided into an inner zone, whose essential characteristics scale with inner (wall) variables, and an outer zone, whose properties scale with the fluid-dynamic variables of the entire flow. The inner zone is distinguished by (i) a viscous sublayer displaying spanwise alternations of high-and low-speed streaks and (ii) episodic disruption by lift-ups of low-speed streaks. Oscillatory growth and breakup stages of the Stanford model of bursting characterize the turbulent structure of the outer zone. The burst cycle exists in turbulent boundary layers of all natural flows except perhaps (i) open-channel flows in the upper part of the upper flow regime and (ii) wind-generated surface waves. Fluid motions described as kolks and boils in incompressible open-channel flows correspond to the oscillatory growth stage and the late oscillatory growth and breakup stages, respectively, of the Stanford model of bursting. Supporting evidence includes (i) close similarity of gross fluid motions, (ii) equivalent scaling of boils and bursts, and (iii) intensification of boils and bursts in adverse pressure gradients and over rough beds. McQuivey's (1973) turbulence measurements show that the Eulerian integral time scale TE scales with the same outer variables as boil periodicity and burst periodicity. It is hypothesized that TE equals the mean duration of bursts at a point in the flow. Bedforms governed by the turbulent structure of the inner zone (microforms) cannot form if the sublayer is disrupted by bed roughness. The conditions for the existence of two common microforms and their spacings scale with the inner variables. Grain roughness increases the vertical intensity of the turbulence (by enhancing lift-ups) within the inner zone, thereby explaining textural differences between the coarse ripple and fine ripple bed stages of Moss (1972). Mesoforms respond to the fluid-dynamical regime in the outer zone and scale with the outer variables. The mean spacing of dunelike large-scale ripples in equilibrium open-channel flows is proportional to the boundary-layer thickness and equals the length scale formed by the product of the free-stream velocity and the boil period. Strong upward flow in a burst provides the vertical anisotropy in the turbulence which is needed to suspend sediment. Bursting promotes the entrain-ment of more and coarser sediment than tractive forces alone can accomplish.
Comparison of heat-transfer reduction in drag-reduced turbulent channel flows with different fluid and thermal boundary conditions

Direct numerical simulations of drag-reduced viscoelastic turbulent channel flow with heat transfer were carried out for four kinds of rheologically different fluids, that is, with different values of Weissenberg number and viscosity ratio. Two different thermal boundary conditions were considered. We present the budget of temperature variance and the relationship between the Heat-Transfer Reduction (HTR) and the Drag Reduction (DR) for each rheologically-different fluid. A case with a low viscosity ratio was found to give rise to high DR, with relatively low HTR compared with that obtained with a high Weissenberg number, suggesting dissimilarity between the heat and momentum transports.
The C-12/C-13 isotope ratio of the interstellar medium in the neighborhood of the sun

Data from observations of Xi Per, P Cyg, 20 Tau, and 23 Tau, obtained at 4232 and 3957 A using a coude spectrograph and a 1872-element reticon on the 3-m Shane telescope at Lick Observatory during 1984-1985, are combined with data on Zeta Oph (Hawkins et al., 1985) and used to estimate the C isotope ratio of the ISM near the sun. The results are presented in extensive tables and graphs and characterized in detail. The (C-12)H(+)/(C-13)H(+) abundance ratios toward the five stars are found to agree to within 12 percent and shown to be representative of the C-12/C-13 ratios in the gas, strongly indicating that the local ISM is homogeneous. The difference between the ISM ratio (43 + or - 4) and the solar-system value (89) is attributed to the chemical evolution of the ISM in the 4.9 Gyr since the formation of the sun. 78 references.
Estimating and predicting the numbers of free HIV and T cells by nonlinear Kalman filter method

In this paper we have developed a state space model for the HIV pathogenesis at the cellular level involving free HIV and different types of T cells. In this state space model, the stochastic system model is the stochastic model of the HIV pathogenesis developed by Tan and Wu (1996) whereas the observation model is a statistic model based on the log of observed total numbers of CD4/sup +/ T-cell counts at different times. This is a continuous time-discrete time nonlinear Kalman filter model. For this model we have developed procedures for estimating and predicting the numbers of different types of T cells and free HIV through extended Kalman filter method. As an illustration, we have applied the method of this paper to a hemophilia patient from NCI/NIH with observed CD4/sup +/ T-cell counts at 16 occasions.
TRANSIENT FLOW PAST A CIRCULAR CYLINDER: A BENCHMARK SOLUTION

The simulation of the von Karman vortex street behind a circular cylinder has long been used as a benchmark problem to test the performance of numerical algorithms for solving the Navier-Stokes equations. It is particularly suited for comparing different numerical outflow boundary conditions since the computational domain must necessarily be terminated in the vortex street itself. This paper presents detailed numerical results of the flow past a cylinder at a Reynolds number of 100 on a very fine mesh which has been purposely designed to extend past the typically used dimensions. Hopefully, these results can form a basis of a benchmark solution for the comparison of the effects of different outflow boundary conditions.
Feedback Nash equilibria in uncertain infinite time horizon differential games

In this paper we define feedback Nash equilibria in linear quadratic differential games on an infinite time horizon in both a deterministic and stochastic environment. The relationship between existence of such equilibria and solutions of sets of algebraic Riccati equations is investigated. We assume that the players have memoryless perfect state information and that they restrict themselves to stationary linear stabilizing feedback strategies. We consider linear systems in as well a certain as an uncertain environment. In the latter case we treat uncertainty both in a stochastic and a deterministic way. In the stochastic setting we consider average, discounted and exponential performance criteria, respectively. In the deterministic setting, we consider an H∞ type performance criterium. A relationship between the stochastic exponential and the deterministic H∞ case is established.
Energy confinement and thermal transport characteristics of net current free plasmas in the Large Helical Device

The energy confinement and thermal transport characteristics of net current free plasmas in regimes with much smaller gyroradii and collisionality than previously studied have been investigated in the Large Helical Device (LHD). The inward shifted configuration, which is superior from the point of view of neoclassical transport theory, has revealed a systematic confinement improvement over the standard configuration. Energy confinement times are improved over the International Stellarator Scaling 95 by a factor of 1.6 ± 0.2 for an inward shifted configuration. This enhancement is primarily due to the broad temperature profile with a high edge value. A simple dimensional analysis involving LHD and other medium sized heliotrons yields a strongly gyro-Bohm dependence (T E Ω ρ *-3.8 ) of energy confinement times. It should be noted that this result is attributed to a comprehensive treatment of LHD for systematic confinement enhancement and that the medium sized heliotrons have narrow temperature profiles. The core stored energy still indicates a dependence of T E Ω ρ *-2.6 when data only from LIED are processed. The local heat transport analysis of discharges dimensionally similar except for ρ * suggests that the heat conduction coefficient lies between Bohm and gyro-Bohm in the core and changes towards strong gyro-Bohm in the peripheral region. Since the inward shifted configuration has a geometrical feature suppressing neoclassical transport, confinement improvement can be maintained in the collisionless regime where ripple transport is important. The stiffness of the pressure profile coincides with enhanced transport in the peaked density profile obtained by pellet injection.
Birationally rigid Fano double hypersurfaces

A general Fano double hypersurface of index? 1 is a? double cover branched over a? smooth divisor , here is proved to be birationally superrigid; in particular, such a? hypersurface admits no non-trivial structures of a? fibration into uniruled varieties, and it is non-rational. Its groups of birational and biregular automorphisms coincide.
An improved bulge model for M31

New mass models are derived with emphasis on determining the bulge mass/light ratio. Inside 6 kpc, the gas rotation curve is complex and probably does not measure the true circular velocity. Therefore, the bulge M/L ratio is constrained primarily by the bulge stellar velocity dispersion. The bulge kinematics inside 1 arcmin are consistent with the bulge being an oblate isotropic rotator. Overall, the best-fitting model has an apparent bulge M/L = 5 and disk M/L = 10. The rotation curve predicted by this model rises smoothly from the center to 1 kpc, and then is nearly flat out to 30 kpc. The predicted inner rotation curve forms an upper envelope to the observed complex gas kinematics. 27 refs.
A psycholinguistic perspective on Finnish and Japanese prosody: Perception, production and child acquisition of consonantal quantity distinctions

List of figures. List of tables. Acknowledgements. 1. Introduction. 2. Background. 3. Preliminary survey: Frequencies of long vowels and geminate consonants in Finnish and Japanese. 4. Discrimination boundary between the single and geminate consonants. 5. Discrimination boundary between the single and geminate consonants: A cross-linguistic study. 6. Acquisition of the nasal quantity contrasts. 7. Discussion: Overall cross-linguistic comparison. 8. Summary and conclusion. References. Appendix I: Waveforms and spectrograms for the words hana and hanna. Appendix II: Sample pictures and questions. Appendix III: Data from experiments 1 and 2. Appendix IV: Data from experiments 3 and 4. Appendix V: Data from experiments 5 and 6. Appendix VI: Data from experiments 7 and 8.
Resonance peak shift and dual peak separation of long-period fiber gratings for sensing applications

The systematic analysis of the relationship among the transmission characteristics of long-period fiber gratings, the initial coupling strength, and the fluence of the postexposure UV beam are discussed. The UV postexposure allows for adjustment of the peak depth depending on the initial coupling strength while red-shifting the resonance wavelength. Dual peak separation can occur for high-order cladding modes, and its application to sensing of the bending curvature, transverse load, and external refractive index are described.
Magnetization and magnetocaloric effect in magnetic shape memory alloys Ni-Mn-Ga

Magnetization of Ni/sub 52/Mn/sub 24.4/Ga/sub 23.6/ and Ni/sub 52/Mn/sub 24.2/Ga/sub 23.8/ magnetic shape memory alloys was measured as a function of magnetic field up to 50 kOe at temperatures in the range 160-390 K. Anomalies of magnetic properties were observed not only at the temperature of martensitic transition T/sub M/, but also at a second transition temperature T/sub I/<T/sub M/. We assume that T/sub I/ is associated with an intermartensitic transformation.
Model for rotor tip vortex-airframe interaction. II: Comparison with experiment

The interaction between a vortex and a solid boundary involves the development of a variety of length and time scales, some of which are due to very strong viscous effects. Prediction of these phenomena from first principles would remove a major obstacle in the computation of flows around rotorcraft. Quantitative comparisons are made with experimental results for a rotor tip vortex approaching a cylindrical airframe with a hemispherical leading edge.
Dubins inspired 2D smooth paths with bounded curvature and curvature derivative.

Abstract This paper addresses the issue of planning smooth ( C ∞ ) 2D paths with bounded curvature and curvature derivative connecting two assigned poses (positions and orientations). The solution builds on an approximation of Dubins shortest paths and it can be used also to link an ordered sequence of via-points. The effectiveness of the proposed planning method is validated by simulations.