Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The study of psychometric test for detection and assessment in subclinical hepatic encephalopathy

Background : During past two decades, psychometric tests have been used extensively for detection of SHE. However, the results have been variables with different tests. In real practice we require the tests, which can be administered quickly by treating physician with simplicity and with simple instrument or only with a simple form. Objective: (1) To apply a battery of psychometric tests in cases of cirrhosis of liver. (2) To correlate findings of psychometric tests with Child`s index of severity for cirrhosis of liver. Methodology: 25 patients of cirrhosis of liver diagnosed by ultrasonography, biochemical and clinical evidence, admitted in the Medicine ward, will constitute the study group. These patients will undergo a battery of psychometric tests and EEG along with other routine hematological and radiological test. 25 control group with confounding factors as age, sex, education and socioeconomic status. Results: We observed that on WAPIS test cirrhotic performed significantly worse than controls. Mean IQ – SD non-Alcoholic cirrhotic on WAPIS was [67.78 – 11.29] and Mean IQ – SD of alcoholic cirrhotics was (66.45 – 9.71). On analysis of data the difference was not significant (p>0.005). Taken together the performance test was abnormal in 14 (56%) cases. Conclusion: We concluded that for quick assessment of mental status and screening for detecting SHE in cases of cirrhosis of liver with portal hypertension, TMT test is useful and for complete assessment of cerebral function derangement WAPIS is most sensitive and complete test.
AGB stars in Gaia DR2

Abstract Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2; April 25, 2018) provides astrometric and photometric data for more than a billion stars - among them many AGB stars. As part of DR2 the light curves of several hundreds of thousand variable stars, including many long-period variable (LPV) candidates, are made available. The publication of the light curves and LPV-specific attributes in addition to the standard DR2 products offers a unique opportunity to study AGB stars. In this contribution, we present the first results for AGB stars based on the analysis of the Gaia data performed after their release. As an immediate result of the Gaia DR2 LPV database we introduce a new photometric index capable of efficiently distinguishing AGB stars of different masses and chemical properties.
Cordeauxia edulis and Rhododendron tomentosum extracts disturb orientation and feeding behavior of Hylobius abietis and Phyllodecta laticollis

The use of plant‐based compounds to control insect pests is an alternative to the use of synthetic pesticides. We evaluated the repellent and antifeedant effects of Cordeauxia edulis Hemsley (Fabaceae) and Rhododendron tomentosum Harmaja (Ericaceae) extracts against Hylobius abietis L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Phyllodecta laticollis Suffrian (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Repellent properties were evaluated by monitoring responses of adult insects toward the odor from extracts or extraction solvents (controls) in a Y‐tube olfactometer, and choice or no‐choice feeding tests were conducted by applying extracts or extraction solvents on stems of Scots pine [Pinus sylvestris L. (Pinaceae)] and European aspen [Populus tremula L. (Salicaceae)], host plants of H. abietis and P. laticollis, respectively. Extracts of R. tomentosum repelled adults of both insect species effectively. However, extracts of C. edulis did not repel H. abietis although its ethyl acetate extract showed repellence against the adults of P. laticollis. Feeding by H. abietis was significantly reduced by a methanol extract of C. edulis, and methanol and hexane extracts of R. tomentosum. Feeding by the adults and larvae of P. laticollis was significantly reduced by extracts from both plant species. Concomitant with less feeding, larval growth was retarded by ethyl acetate extracts of both plant species. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analyses of the volatile components of the extracts showed that extracts from both plant species were mixtures of various terpene and non‐terpene compounds, which showed quantitative and/or qualitative variations between plant species and extraction solvents. This experiment showed that extracts from both plant species effectively manipulated the orientation and/or feeding behavior of the two beetle species. Hence, they may be considered as potential alternatives to synthetic chemical pesticides.
Fast efflux of Ca2+ mediated by the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2(+)-ATPase.

Abstract The Ca2(+)-ATPase found in the light fraction of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles can be phosphorylated by Pi, forming an acylphosphate residue at the catalytic site of the enzyme. This reaction was inhibited by the phenothiazines trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine, imipramine, and fluphenazine and by the beta-adrenergic blocking agents propranolol and alprenolol. The inhibition was reversed by raising either the Pi or the Mg2+ concentration in the medium and was not affected by the presence of K+. Phosphorylation of the Ca2(+)-ATPase by Pi was also inhibited by ruthenium red and spermidine. These compounds compete with Mg2+, but, unlike the phenothiazines, they did not compete with Pi at the catalytic site, and the inhibition was abolished when K+ was included in the assay medium. The efflux of Ca2+ from loaded vesicles was greatly increased by the phenothiazines and by propranolol and alprenolol. In the presence of 200 microM trifluoperazine, the rate of Ca2+ efflux was higher than 3 mumol of Ca2+/mg of protein/10 s. The activation of efflux by these drugs was antagonized by Pi, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, ADP, dimethyl sulfoxide, ruthenium red, and spermidine. The increase of Ca2+ efflux caused by trifluoperazine was not correlated with binding of the drug to the membrane lipids. It is concluded that the Ca2+ pump can be uncoupled by different drugs, thereby greatly increasing the efflux of Ca2+ through the ATPase. Displacement of these drugs by the natural ligands of the ATPase blocks the efflux through the uncoupled pathway and limits it to a much smaller rate. Thus, the Ca2(+)-ATPase can operate either as a pump (coupled) or as a Ca2+ channel (uncoupled).
Passive Restoration of Atlantic Forest Following Pinus taeda Harvesting in Southern Brazil

The understory of exotic tree plantations can have non‐negligible native species richness. Ecological restoration of these sites may include the harvest of trees, depending on the tradeoff between timber income and harvest impacts on biodiversity. This study aimed to investigate how a site can recover from harvest disturbance, by comparing the regeneration of woody species in the understory of two types of 37‐year‐old Pinus taeda plantation (P1 and P2, high and low relative density of pine seedlings in the understory, respectively), with stands that were similar to P2 but subjected to harvest and then abandoned for 15 years (R sites). Secondary forests (SF) were used as references. We sampled three different sites for each stand condition; soil chemical properties, estimations of litter mass, and canopy cover were measured. P1 had low species diversity, and P2 and R had 50 and 46% of SF richness, respectively. The R site contained few pine saplings and was floristically similar to P2; this indicated that 15 years was sufficient for the recovery of plant diversity to near pre‐harvesting levels. Soil fertility was highest in SF and lowest in P1. Thus old plantations of P. taeda with low relative density of pine juveniles can be cost‐effective starting points for restoration. Despite the destructive effects of pine harvest, recovery of native species can occur rapidly. In situations in which clearcutting of pine stands is not planned or possible, modest thinning of P. taeda adults and/or intensive thinning of juveniles could expedite restoration.
Evolutionary & ecological genetics of African wild dogs

Loss of adaptive variation arising from population declines and fragmentation is a primary concern in conservation. However, many conservation programmes assess only neutral genetic variation. Whilst assessments of neutral variation are informative about demographic history, inbreeding and genetic structure, they do not provide information on adaptive variation. The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a group of genes that has been extensively studied and are known to be important in effective immune responses. Given the threat posed by infectious diseases to wildlife, the MHC is increasingly being assessed in endangered species. African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus, hereafter wild dog) are an endangered canid that has suffered extensive declines in the wild and now persist as small and fragmented populations totalling less than 8,000 individuals. The purpose of this study was to assess how neutral and MHC marker data genetic data can be used to assist conservation of this species. As such, I assessed sequence diversity across ~300bp of mitochondrial DNA, patterns of polymorphism and heterozygosity at 10 neutral microsatellite loci, compared to sequence variation and haplotype diversity at the MHC. Wild dogs were found to be genetically depauperate at the MHC compared to other canids. Patterns of variation indicate a historical loss of variation, followed by more recent diversification. However, it was also shown that evolutionary history contributes to differences in diversity between species. The spatial and temporal structure of MHC diversity was found to be largely correlated with neutral markers, which may suggest that selection is unable to counter strong genetic drift in such small populations. Overall, genetic diversity of both neutral and MHC markers appeared to be largely determined by demographic stability and size of populations. Habitat fragmentation and loss were associated with genetic isolation of wild dog populations, which showed strong structuring. However, the barriers to, or corridors for, dispersal of wild dogs were not always clear. The European captive breeding population was found to have comparable diversity metrics to wild populations, and was found to contain a large proportion of the MHC variation from the Southern African populations from which they were originally sourced. Careful genetic management is now required to correct the severe over- and underrepresentation of some founder lineages in this captive population to reduce inbreeding and loss of genetic variation.
THE COMBINED EFFECT OF EDIBLE PACKAGING AND SPICES EXTRACT ON STABILITY OF FROZEN BUFFALO MEAT PRODUCT

The chemical composition, expressible water (EW), water holding capacity (WHC), pH value, total acidity, free fatty acids (FFA), thiobarbituricacid values (TBA), and microbiological examination were determined in order to evaluate the combined effect of edible packaging and two spices extract on the stability buffalo meat product stored for 10 months under frozen condition. The data showed that the treatment by spices extract as antioxidant and chitosan (as primary edible packaging) has no noticeable effect on the chemical composition of the product. The results indicated that all the samples have lost moisture during storage, and the loss was higher in the chitosan untreated samples. The data also showed that the EW values increased, whereas, WHC values decreased with time during storage for all samples. The increment of EW and the decrease of WHC were higher in the chitosan untreated samples. The data indicated a reduction in the pH values and an increase in the total acidity values especially for the first four to six months of storage, and these changes were associated with an increase in the FFA values as a result of storage. The increment in the FFA values was the highest for the control samples compared with the spices extract treated samples, and for the chitosan untreated samples compared with the treated ones. This indicated the effect of spices extract and chitosan as edible packaging to retard the formation of FFA. The data indicated that TBA values for the control samples were higher than those treated by spices extract, and for the chitosan untreated samples compared with the chitosan treated ones. The storage time had a negative effect on the total bacterial counts and the coliform group for all samples. The rate of reduction was much higher in the chitosan treated samples and the spices extract treated samples as well. The results indicated that the use of chitosan as edible film had delayed the proliferation of total plate count and coliform group.
Row spacing effect on soil and leaf water status of summer soybean.

The effects of row spacing (RS) on soil water content (SWC), leaf relative water content (RWC), leaf water potential (Ψ), and osmotic potential (π) were investigated in summer soybean crops in Northern China during the 2007 and 2008 growing seasons. The experiment consisted of five planting patterns resulting in the same plant population density (3.09 × 10 plant·ha), with RS of 18, 27, 36, 45, and 54 cm. A significant negative correlation was observed between RS and SWC, RWC, Ψ, π, Y in both years (P < 0.05). SWC, RWC, Ψ, and π correlated positively with Y in soybean. The daily rainfall caused fluctuations in SWC. In 2007 and 2008, the mean values of RWCs, Ψ, and π for RS 18 and 27 were significantly higher than that of RS 54 (P < 0.05). At the grain-filling stage, the hourly Ψ of the different RS treatments produced a V-shaped curve trend in one day, and the minimum of the curve appeared in midday. These results indicated that this was a beneficial response for yield under the high SWC, RWC, Ψ, and π conditions. Therefore, narrow RS improved soil and leaf water status and could increase yield of crops.
Uso y manejo de leña combustible en viviendas de seis localidades de Yucatán, México

The consumption patterns of domestic firewood was analyzed in 1153 homes of six localities of Yucatan, Mexico, through questionnaires structured applied key informants and field samplings in the extraction sites. In the studied area a high heterogeneity was found, depending on the floristic composition of the site, as well as the relative distance from the place to the metropolis; both factors modify the consumption habits. The average consumption of firewood in the six studied places is of 2,06 kg/day/person, coming from the neighbor vegetation, as well as from the cultivation field and the particular orchards. The recollection is made at a mean distance of 3,8 km from the towns. The basic transportation is by tricycles, the direct load in the collector’s back and by truck. The firewood is collected basically as fallen or standing dry material, due to its low relative weight, transporting easiness and rapid ignition. The extracted firewood is used basically for the domestic consumption in the cooking of foods and water boiling. The interviewed users have preference for 41 woody species as fuel, but the main ones are: Acacia gaumeri, Havardia albicans, Lysiloma latisiliquum, Gymnopodium floribundum, Bursera simaruba, Caesalpinia gaumeri, Conocarpus erectus and Piscidia piscipula , due to their higher abundance, flammability, duration in the fire and low smoke emissions.
Hill country sheep production

Abstract Factors associated with mortality in 7,727 lambs born to 7,091 twoto five-year-old ewes over the 9 years 1959–67 were studied. The lambs were from two Romney flocks and first-, second-, third-, and fourthcross Border Leicester × Romney flocks. Lamb survival rate (lambs weaned as a percentage of all lambs born) increased with increasing age of dam for both single- and multipleborn lambs. Variation in survival rate between flocks and between female and male lambs was large. In 60% of the dead lambs, 44.6% of single-born lambs died of dystokia and 15.1 % from physiological starvation. Of the multiple-born lambs autopsied, 16% died from dystokia and 41.7% from starvation. Infections accounted for 11.6% and pre-natal deaths for 10.3% of the remaining deaths. Most of the deaths occurred within 3 days of birth, and relatively more single- than multiple-born lambs died at birth Analysis of variance of birth weight showed that first-cross lambs were the heaviest and that birth weights decreased with inter.
Blandowski's mammals: clues to a lost world.

Wilhelm Blandowski was the first zoologist employed by the Victorian Government, being appointed Officer of the Museum of Natural History by Governor La Trobe on 1 April 1854. Although he remained in this position for less than four years he left an important legacy by beginning the documentation of Victoria’s mammalian fauna before the full impact of European pastoralism and feral animals had become apparent. In particular, the 1856-57 zoological survey expedition to the lower Murray-Darling region provided a unique insight into the mammalian community that existed there before European occupation triggered a sudden decline in mammal species diversity, as happened progressively across the southern two thirds of Australia over the subsequent 90 years. Of the 34 mammal taxa recorded by the Blandowski Expedition, ten are extinct, nine no longer occur in the region, four are still present but with greatly reduced and fragmented distributions, seven have broad distributions in the region little changed since Blandowski’s time, although severely fragmented, and the remaining four have probably expanded their distributions. The contributions of Blandowski and his assistant Gerard Krefft to our understanding of the nature and causes of these mammal declines are examined and discussed. Unfortunately, the surviving contemporary documentation of the Expedition and the associated specimens is inadequate to shed much light on the factors that triggered the initial mammal declines, but the results do not support recent suggestions that predation by the introduced house cat Felis catus was pivotal.
UPAYA PENANGANAN NYERI HAID (DYSMENORRHEA) DENGAN KOMPRES HANGAT REBUSAN JAHE

ABSTRACT Menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) is painful during menstrual periods or during menstruation to make the woman is not working and must sleep. Pain along with nausea, headache, feeling fainted, irritability. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of warm compresses of ginger stew to decrease menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea). This research uses Quasy Experiment design pretest-posttest design using Purposive Sampling technique. The subjects in this study were female students in Sulaiman-Bilqis Darul 'Ulum dormitory as many as 38 respondents who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data retrieval was obtained using observation. Data were analyzed using Paired Sample T-Test and Independent Sample T-Test with significance level ≤0.05. The results showed the pain intensity before treatment in both groups was comparable p> 0.05. The intensity of menstrual pain decreased significantly after the treatment of 6.42-3.21 in the warm ginger stew compress group, and from 6.84 to 5.63 in the warm compress group (p <0.05). Intensity of menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) after treatment there was no significant difference between warm ginger stir compress group and warm compress (3.21 ± 2.070 vs. 5.63 ± 2.314). Group of warm ginger stew compresses decreased the level of pain higher than the control group with warm compress only. From result of paired t-test in treatment group obtained result of P-value = 0,000. Warm compresses of ginger stew and warm compresses decrease menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea), so it can be used as an alternative or nonfakmakologi way in reducing the intensity of menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea). Keywords : painful menstruation (dysmenorrhea), warm compresses, red ginger .
Partial replacement of fish meal with dried microalga (Chlorella spp. and Scenedesmus spp.) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets.

This study was designed to investigate the effect of partial replacement of fish meal with dried microalgae (Chlorella spp and Scenedesmus spp) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets on fish growth performance, feed efficiency and body composition. Nine isonitrogenous (32% cp), isocaloric (440 kcal/100 g) diets were formulated to contain Chlorella and Scenedesmus as fish meal replacers at zero (control), 10, 25, 50 and 75% substitution. The diets were fed to triplicate groups of 25 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings (6.5 ± 0.05 g average body weight) in 75 l glass aquaria) for 90 days. Results indicated that, growth performance, feed conversion ratio and protein productive value were significantly (P<0.05) higher in fish feed diets containing 50% of both Chlorella spp and Scenedesmus spp, whereas fish feed diets containing 75% algae had significance lower performance (P<0.05). Carcass analysis showed significantly (P<0.05) higher dry matter and crude protein content, but lower lipid content, in fish received algae at 50% level, compared to other treatments. The present results suggest that dried Chlorella spp and Scenedesmus can replace fish meal up to 50% substitution level in Nile tilapia diets.
Age and breeding stage‐related variation in the survival and harvest of temperate‐breeding Canada Geese in Ontario

The abundance of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) nesting in temperate regions of North America has increased dramatically during the past half century. Numbers have reached nuisance levels in many areas and supplementary hunting seasons, which are timed to occur before and after traditional waterfowl hunting periods, are widely employed to limit population growth. We evaluated how changes in hunting regulations have affected population growth, the seasonal age distribution of harvest, and survival rates of temperate-breeding Canada geese banded in Ontario. We found that although the number of geese harvested in the province has increased, population growth has not abated. Annual survival rates ð�Þof locally nesting adults (i.e., after-hatch-year geese captured in brood flocks) have declined in association with harvest liberalization (pre-liberalization: � S ¼0.78 � 0.06 SE; post-liberalization: � ¼0.74 � 0.04 SE) and we estimated negative process correlation between hunter recovery rates and survival rates within this group (r ¼� 0.24), which is indicative of an additive effect of harvest mortality on total mortality. However, peak harvest has advanced into early September, which is a time when large numbers of molt migrant individuals are present in northern portions of the population's range. Molt migrant flocks are comprised primarily of subadults and adult geese that failed to hatch eggs (i.e., non-reproductive individuals), many of which are unaffiliated with the local breeding population. We found that hunter recovery rates of non-reproductive geese were greater and survival rates were less than those of locally nesting adults; however, process correlation between recovery and survival rates was weakly positive (r ¼0.09), which indicates that harvest mortality is at least partially compensatory within non-reproductive cohorts. We conclude that current harvest levels are insufficient to halt population growth and that the influence of hunting, relative to its potential, is diminished by a disproportionate take of individuals of low reproductive value during the early hunting season. 2013 The Wildlife Society.