Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contamination of shellfish by stool-shed viruses : methods of detection

Molluscan shellfish, being filter feeders, are readily contaminated with the stool-shed viruses present in human sewage. Consumption of such virus-contaminated shellfish has caused outbreak of hepatitis A and viral gastroenteritis in the United States and in other countries. As coastal communities continue to develop and expand, shellfish habitats are increasingly at risk for such exposure. Effective methods are needed to examine shellfish for virus contamination. This review describes methods that are currently available and reports on recent method developments
The relationship between knowledge, self-efficacy and nursing spiritual care behaviors in school-age children in pediatric room

Introduction: Spiritual care for children is important in the care provided by nurses so that children do not feel guilty when being treated in the hospital. It is important for nurses to understand that the process of providing nursing care is bio-psycho-social and spiritual based. This study aimed to find out the relationship between knowledge, self-efficacy, and nurse behavior in the provision of spiritual care for school-age children in hospitals. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional approach with a purposive sampling technique followed by 102 nurses who cared for school-age children in a pediatric nursing room. Knowledge was measured using the Spiritual Care-Giving Scale, Self-Efficacy was measured by Burkhart Spiritual Care Inventory (BCI), and Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutic Scale (NSCTS) to measure behavior. The data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and Spearman correlation test. Results: There was no significant correlation between knowledge and behavior (p = 0.181; r = 0.133); however, there was a significant correlation of nurse behavior with self-efficacy (p = 0.027; r = 0.219), age (p = 0.015; r = 0.240), length of work (p = 0.021; r = 0.228), and spiritual care training (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Knowledge does not have a significant relationship with behavior. However self-efficacy, age, length of work, and spiritual care training significantly affects the nurse's behavior in providing spiritual care to school-age children in the hospital.
Assessment of Coracoclavicular Ligament Healing on MRI After Arthroscopic TightRope Fixation for Acute Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation

Background: Arthroscopic-assisted fixation of acute high-grade acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation has gained popularity in the last decade. Coracoclavicular (CC) fixation using the TightRope device is a less invasive technique. Purpose: To investigate CC ligament healing and functional outcomes after arthroscopic fixation using the TightRope device for acute AC joint disruption. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The study retrospectively analyzed the data of patients admitted for arthroscopic surgical treatment of acute AC joint injury using a single TightRope device. The data collection commenced in October 2021. The Constant-Murley (CM) score and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder score were used for functional evaluation. The CC distance (CCD) was measured on plain radiographs, whereas healing of the CC ligament was evaluated on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Statistical analyses were conducted with the Mann-Whitney U test, independent t test, or paired t test, as appropriate. Results: The analysis included 33 patients with a mean age of 37.7 years (range, 24-49 years) and a minimum follow-up of 24 months. Significant preoperative to postoperative increases were noted in both the CM and UCLA scores (from 34.1 ± 7.6 to 93.3 ± 3.6 and from 8.7 ± 2.1 to 32.9 ± 1.7, respectively; P < .0001 for both). The CCD decreased from 21.8 ± 3.02 mm preoperatively to 10.6 ± 1.2 mm postoperatively (P < .0001). All patients displayed CC ligament healing on MRI. Two patients with superficial infection and 1 case of partial reduction loss were confirmed at the end of this study. Conclusion: The arthroscopic TightRope technique was found to be a reliable and less invasive method of fixation for acute AC joint disruptions. The CC ligament healed adequately based on MRI evaluation, and the patients regained their preinjury activities, with favorable functional outcomes and minor comorbidities.
On the stratospheric fallout of strontium‐90: The spring peak of 1959

A pronounced peak in the rates of stratorpheric fall-out of Sr/sup 89/ and Sr/sup 90/ was observed at Fayetteville. Arkansas, during the spring months of 1959. A large increase of the stratospheric Sr/sup 90/ inventory due to the fall 1958 test series was indicated. The changing ratios of isotopes in fall-out indicate that it is unlikely that the spring peaks are attributable solely to high-yield Soviet autumn tests. (auth)
Origin of lead from green glass of Apollo 15426: A search for primitive lunar lead

A major obstacle in lunar U-Pb chronology is the elusiveness of the primary Pb isotopic composition and U/Pb ratio and therefore the Pb evolution for the early history of the moon. In an attempt to seek the primitive lunar Pb isotopic composition, green glass from lunar clod 15426,49 was studied for U-Th-Pb systematics because it is extremely Mg-rich and known to be the most primitive among sampled lunar volcanic rocks. Green glass and yellow impact glass were handpicked, washed with water, then washed in an acid mixture (0.3 N HBr + 0.2 N HF), and the washes and residues were analyzed. In contrast to the Pb from Apollo 17 orange glass, Pb from the surface of the green glass spherules is totally different from that of the spherule interior, but is similar to lunar surface lead. Data for the interior Pb yield a 207Pb/206Pb age of 3.41 Ga. Because of the low Pb concentration and high U/Pb ratio observed for the interior, the initial Pb was poorly defined. Nevertheless, the data indicate that lunar Pb evolved in an environment with 238U/204Pb = 19–55, which is considerably lower than those for mare basalts (around 300) but higher than values for the earth (6–8).
Wave structure and polarization electric field development in the bottomside F layer leading to postsunset equatorial spread F

In this paper we present the results of a study on the characteristics of large‐scale wave structure in the equatorial ionospheric F region that serve as precursor to postsunset development of the spread F/plasma bubble irregularities. The study is based on analysis of Digisonde data from three equatorial sites in Brazil (Fortaleza, Sao Luis, and Cachimbo) for a period of about 2 months at a medium solar activity phase. Small‐amplitude oscillations in the F layer heights, extracted at a number of plasma frequencies, present characteristics as them being generated from upward propagating gravity waves. They represent wave structures in polarization electric field having zonal scale of a few hundred kilometers. Their amplitudes in the afternoon hours undergo amplification toward evening, leading to postsunset development of equatorial spread F/plasma bubble irregularities, on a statistical basis. On the days of their larger amplitudes they appear to occur in phase coherence on all days, and correspondingly, the evening prereversal vertical drift velocities are larger than on days of the smaller amplitudes of the wave structure that appear at random phase on the different days. The sustenance of these precursor wave structures is supported by the relatively large ratio (approaching unity) of the F region‐to‐total field line‐integrated Pedersen conductivities as calculated using the Sheffield University Plasmasphere‐Ionosphere Model simulation of the low‐latitude ionosphere. The significant amplification in the wave structure toward sunset and the “phase coherent” nature of their occurrences on different days are explained tentatively on the basis of the spatial resonance mechanism.
Soil hydro-physical changes in natural grassland of southern Brazil subjected to burning management

Burning of vegetation can promote changes in soil physical properties and also create hydrophobic substances, which accumulate and result in the formation of water-repellent layers. A study was conducted between 2005 and 2011 on an Albaqualf, with natural grassland composed mainly of Andropogon lateralis, in southern Brazil, to investigate the induction of hydrophobicity by burning and changes in the soil hydro-physical characteristics. The treatments consisted of no burning, and burned 60, 36, 12, 6, 4, and 2 months before sampling. Burning management did not change the saturated hydraulic conductivity, whereas air permeability was significantly reduced in the surface layer, nearly reaching the original values 4 months after burning. Saturated hydraulic conductivity and air permeability correlated with total porosity and macroporosity. The surface layer was the most sensitive to fire effects, with an increased degree of hydrophobicity for up to 2 months after vegetation burning. Hydrophobicity and contact angle correlated positively with soil organic matter content.
Consumption of plus-size clothing: a systematic review

Purpose: The consumption of plus-size clothing is part of a growing market, but it is always surrounded by cloudy issues, such as the lack of a precise direction when it comes to producing and selling these garments and the prejudice surrounding the various areas of the fat body. Employing a systematic review, this paper aims to understand the consumption of plus-size clothing through an in-depth analysis of studies published in various areas on the subject. Design/Methodology/Approach: A systematic review was conducted in the WEB OF SCIENCE and SCOPUS databases, and 35 pertinent articles published up to the year 2020 were identified, read and analyzed in detail in this paper. Findings: The articles originated three thematic categories: Plus-size Consumption, which deals with consumer experience with the industry; Plus-size in the Media, which addresses aspects of advertising and plus-size models; Plus-size Identity, which covers identity formation and social influences. Research Limitations/Implications: Fourteen theoretical gaps were pointed out to be worked on by future studies, comprising online retailing, identity, demographic, contextual, methodological, cultural, and social issues. Originality/value: The present study represents pioneering work in the field of research on plus-size clothing, and, to the best of our knowledge, it is the first of its kind to conduct a comprehensive and systematic analysis of studies published in various areas related to this topic. While the plus-size apparel and retail market remain shrouded in nebulous issues, this research stands out as a valuable contribution by providing profound insights into consumption in this segment. Moreover, by identifying theoretical gaps and offering suggestions for future research, the study promotes advancements in knowledge and understanding of this emerging area. Its academic significance and potential impact on the industry make it crucial to developing more informed and inclusive strategies for the plus-size fashion sector.
Arnica montana L.: Doesn’t Origin Matter?

Arnica montana L. (Asteraceae) has a long and successful tradition in Europe as herbal medicine. Arnica flowers (i.e., the flowerheads of Arnica montana) are monographed in the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.), and a European Union herbal monograph exists, in which its use as traditional herbal medicine is recommended. According to this monograph, Arnica flowers (Arnicae flos Ph. Eur.) and preparations thereof may be used topically to treat blunt injuries and traumas, inflammations and rheumatic muscle and joint complaints. The main bioactive constituents are sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) of the helenanolide type. Among these, a variety of esters of helenalin and 11α,13-dihydrohelenalin with low-molecular-weight carboxylic acids, namely, acetic, isobutyric, methacrylic, methylbutyric as well as tiglic acid, represent the main constituents, in addition to small amounts of the unesterified parent STLs. A plethora of reports exist on the pharmacological activities of these STLs, and it appears unquestioned that they represent the main active principles responsible for the herbal drug’s efficacy. It has been known for a long time, however, that considerable differences in the STL pattern occur between A. montana flowers from plants growing in middle or Eastern Europe with some originating from the Iberic peninsula. In the former, Helenalin esters usually predominate, whereas the latter contains almost exclusively 11α,13-Dihydrohelenalin derivatives. Differences in pharmacological potency, on the other hand, have been reported for the two subtypes of Arnica-STLs in various instances. At the same time, it has been previously proposed that one should distinguish between two subspecies of A. montana, subsp. montana occurring mainly in Central and Eastern Europe and subsp. atlantica in the southwestern range of the species distribution, i.e., on the Iberian Peninsula. The question hence arises whether or not the geographic origin of Arnica montana flowers is of any relevance for the medicinal use of the herbal drug and the pharmaceutical quality, efficacy and safety of its products and whether the chemical/pharmacological differences should not be recognized in pharmacopoeia monographs. The present review attempts to answer these questions based on a summary of the current state of botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological evidence.
Spontaneous cervical artery dissection: is it really a connective tissue disease? A comprehensive review

Background Spontaneous cervical artery dissection (sCeAD) is an important cause of stroke in young adults. The underlying pathophysiology remains unclear, without validated biomarkers to identify subjects at risk. Previous studies suggested the role of abnormalities in the connective component of the arterial wall. Purpose To assess dermal ultrastructural aberrations of connective tissue by skin biopsy and genetic variations in sCeAD patients. Method We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases until August 2023 with PRISMA guidelines. Original articles assessing skin biopsy in sCeAD patients were included. Two reviewers independently conducted the screening. Findings We included 16 studies compromising 459 patients. Thirteen studies assessed ultrastructural changes and found aberrations of collagen and elastic fibers, described as irregular contours and calibers of collagen fibrils, composite flower-like fibrils, fragmented moth-eaten elastin, and microcalcifications, cumulatively in 50.5% of patients. Seven studies showed no causative mutations in collagen type I, III, V, or elastin genes. One study showed linkage between connective tissue alterations and mutation on chromosomes 15q2 and 10q26 using genome-wide linkage analysis, while another study found significant copy number variant enrichments in genes involved in extracellular matrix (COL5A2/COL3A1/SNTA1) and collagen fibril organizations (COL5A2/COL3A1). Finally, differential expression of extracellular proteins was linked to connective tissue disorder in patients with recurrent sCeAD using a quantitative proteomics approach. Conclusion Current literature supports the hypothesis that an underlying, subclinical connective tissue disorder, likely genetically determined, may predispose to arterial wall weakness and sCeAD. Further studies with larger sample sizes and robust methodology are needed to better define the role of connective tissue in sCeAD pathogenesis.
The perception of foreign tourists on the image of Serbia

During the 90's, Serbia went through a difficult political and economic changes, which caused a radical decrease in the number of tourists, especially foreigners, as well as a negative perception of Serbia on the global tourist market. After 2000, with political and economic stabilization, Serbia enhanced opportunities for targeting tourists from European tourism market. Despite of its efforts, Serbia has been unable to consistently achieve its goals, which is reflected in the low income from tourism and a small share on the international tourism market. One of the consequences of this scenario might be attributed to Serbia's unfavorable image in the mind of world travelers. This study was conducted with the purpose of analyzing the relationship between destination image of Serbia, overall satisfaction of foreign visitors and their destination loyalty. The survey examines the image held by tourists who visited Serbia during 2007. The data is analyzed qualitatively. The research is applied to event, urban and cruising tourism, as the most attractive forms of tourist movements for foreign visitors.
Major Nb/Ta Fractionation Recorded in Garnet Amphibolite Facies Metagabbro

Mobilities and fractionations of high-field-strength elements, especially Nb and Ta within a subducting slab, are important for deciphering the formation of the continental crust (CC). Here we report geochemical results on an epidote garnet amphibolite facies metagabbro body in the Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt, central China. Our samples were hydrated during prograde metamorphism of the Triassic plate subduction. Major minerals such as amphibole, garnet, rutile, and ilmenite and garnet amphibolite bulk rocks show varied and overall lower Nb/Ta and/or Zr/Hf ratios than the continental crust. Magma differentiation might have contributed to variations of Zr/Hf but not those of Nb/Ta, suggesting major Nb/Ta fractionations during plate subduction. LA-ICPMS in situ trace element analyses of amphibole and especially rutile grains exhibit obvious chemical zonations. Typically, the rutile cores are usually small with higher Nb and Ta concentrations and lower Nb/Ta ratios compared to the thick rims. Chemical and fabric characteristics of the zonations may be explained by diverse external fluid activities: the gabbro first absorbed low Nb/Ta fluids that were released during blueschist to amphibolite transformation in deeper portions of the subducting slab, followed by acquiring external fluids with elevated Nb/Ta released during amphibolite to eclogite transformation. Our results imply that fluids with low Nb/Ta released during blueschist to amphibolite transformation can be transferred to cold regions within a subducted plate and also to the mantle wedge through fluid-rock reaction. Such regions are more easily melted during further subduction, especially in the early history of the earth, providing a plausible explanation for the low Nb/Ta in the CC.
Coronavirus Pandemic The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the trend of ventilator associated pneumonia incidence in a non-COVID-19 dedicated hospital

Introduction: Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common hospital-acquired infections for intensive care units in China. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, “Lockdown Wuhan” and other infection control strategies had been implemented in China. The impact of the policies on VAP prevention was estimated in a non-COVID-19 dedicated hospital. Methodology: We analyzed the VAP trends of 6 intensive care units in a non-COVID-19 dedicated hospital from 2018 to 2020 by Joinpoint regression analysis. The information related to infected VAP patients, VAP surveillance were retrieved from an active surveillance system. Results: There was an obvious decrease in the overall admissions and inpatients of ICUs since January 2020. The overall incidence of VAP was 6.1 episodes per 1000 IMV days. The 30-day case fatality was 16.8%. Generally, the utility rate of IMV ranged from 18.2% to 38.9% respectively, raising with the monthly percent change (MPC): 1.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8%, 2.2%] from January 2018 to February 2020 by Joinpoint regression analysis. A continuous decline with the MPC: -1.9% (95% CI: -3.2%, -0.5%) of VAP incidence was demonstrated. However, this trend varied among the different ICUs. We found no significant difference neither in 30-day case fatality nor pathogens of VAP patients. Conclusions: By Joinpoint regression analysis, we can see February 2020 was an important time point. The surveillance indicators were changed, which influenced the VAP incidence.
Shear strength and dilative characteristics of an unsaturated compacted completely decomposed granite soil

Shear strength and dilative characteristics of a re-compacted completely decomposed granite (CDG) soil are studied by performing a series of single-stage consolidated drained direct shear tests under different matric suctions and net normal stresses. The axis-translation technique is applied to control the pore-water and pore-air pressures. A soil-water retention curve (SWRC) is obtained for the CDG soil from the equilibrium water content corresponding to each applied matric suction value for zero net normal stress using a modified direct shear apparatus. Shear strength increases with matric suction and net normal stress, and the failure envelope is observed to be linear. The apparent angle of internal friction and cohesion intercept increase with matric suction. A greater dilation angle is found at higher suctions with lower net normal stresses, while lower or zero dilation angles are observed under higher net normal stresses with lower suctions, also at a saturated condition. Experimental shear strength.
Land-Use and Upland Water Resources in Britain - a Strategic Look

ABSTRACT: Recent results from the Institute of Hydrology's hydrometeorological and hydrological studies on water use by forest and grassland confirm earlier predictions of a reduction in water yields following afforestation. This reduction is due primarily to the increased interception losses from forests. This paper shows how the water yield from uplands is related to the relative proportions of land under forest and hill farming, and estimates how water yields will change if a greater proportion of hill land is afforested.