Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Interaction of Lean Body Mass With Fat Body Mass Is Associated With Vertebral Fracture Prevalence in Women With Early Breast Cancer Undergoing Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy

Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) induce depletion of estrogen levels, causing bone loss and increased fracture risk in women with breast cancer. High‐fat body mass (FBM) emerged as an independent factor associated with the prevalence of morphometric vertebral fractures (VFs) in patients undergoing AIs. We explored the role of lean body mass (LBM) and the interaction of LBM with FBM in predicting the occurrence of VFs in postmenopausal women who were either AI‐naïve or AI‐treated. A total of 684 consecutive breast cancer patients were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. Each woman underwent a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan, measuring bone mineral density (BMD), LBM, and FBM; VFs were assessed using a quantitative morphometric analysis of DXA images. After propensity score matching, the study population was restricted to 480 women, 240 AI‐naïve and 240 AI‐treated. We used multivariable logistic regression models to explore the associations between baseline characteristics, VF prevalence and the interaction between LBM, FBM and AI therapy. No interaction between LBM and AI therapy on VF prevalence was shown. Conversely, we reported a significant interaction between LBM, FBM and AI therapy (p = .0311). Among AI‐treated women having LBM below and FBM above or equal the median value, VF prevalence was numerically higher (15/31; 48.4%) than in other subgroups (VF prevalence: 35.7% in high‐LBM and low‐FBM group, 23.2% in high‐LBM and high‐FBM group, and 19.8% in low‐LBM and low‐FBM group). Among AI‐naïve women, the greatest VF proportion was observed in the subgroup with LBM and FBM below median value (25/92; 27.2%). This study suggests a synergism between LBM and FBM in predicting the morphometric VF in women with early breast cancer undergoing AIs. This observation is new and deserves further investigation. The assessment of body composition by DXA might be useful when estimating fracture risk in this population. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Nation’s waste on the scale: The first Bhutan waste inventory report

Knowing the quantity and the composition of waste is essential to designing and delivering sound waste management policies and waste management systems. Bhutan’s 12th Five-Year Development Plan emphasizes effective waste management as one of its key performance indicators and globally, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development emphasizes the importance of waste in two of its seventeen Sustainable Development Goals. In 2019, the Bhutan National Statistics Bureau undertook its first ever survey of solid waste management. The survey covered waste generating sectors including households, commercial units, institutes, health centers, industries, Government offices and vegetable markets. Results show Bhutan generated more than 170 metric tons of waste daily – equivalent to 170,000 kilograms of sugar. More than 50 percent of solid wastes came from households, almost 50 percent was food waste, and around 50 percent was potentially recyclable. The survey posed many challenges for Bhutan, a land-locked least developed country in the Eastern Himalayas in South Asia, yet provided the opportunity to strengthen stakeholder engagement in the Bhutan National Statistical System and delivered statistics which meet a practical use for Bhutan and its people.
Movements and occurrence in two closely related fritillary species

Mobility may affect species' distribution patterns in heterogeneous landscapes, and it might impact fitness by influencing mating success, predation avoidance, and foraging success. Here, we studied causes and consequences of mobility patterns in butterflies: Argynnis adippe, a specialist constrained to warm microhabitats within woodland landscapes, and A. aglaja, a relative generalist that also inhabits grasslands, and tolerates lower temperatures. We explored associations of movement and occurrence patterns, population size and density, niche breadth, wing size, and different types of behaviour prior to capture by conducting a mark‐release‐recapture study on the Swedish island Öland. We marked 1 935 A. aglaja and 123 A. adippe and achieved recapture rates of 9.5% (A. aglaja), and 8.9% (A. adippe). Estimated population densities were 5 066 and 814 individuals per km2, for A. aglaja and A. adippe, respectively. Argynnis aglaja was less likely to perform long‐distance flights according to estimated dispersal kernels, hinting at negative density‐dependent dispersal in these species. Although we detected the longest flight distances ever in these species in MRR studies (11.9 km for A. aglaja and 3.7 km for A. adippe), most butterflies were recaptured within 200 meters (60–80%). Low recapture rates along with low estimated residence times and the potential for long movement might indicate that many individuals left the study area, and that the species form open populations, stretching over large areas. Despite significant differences in wing size and behaviour types, mean observed flight distances were similar in these species.
An Invasive Mussel (Arcuatula senhousia, Benson 1842) Interacts with Resident Biota in Controlling Benthic Ecosystem Functioning

The invasive mussel Arcuatula senhousia has successfully colonized shallow soft sediments worldwide. This filter feeding mussel modifies sedimentary habitats while forming dense populations and efficiently contributes to nutrient cycling. In the present study, the density of A. senhousia was manipulated in intact sediment cores taken within an intertidal Zostera noltei seagrass meadow in Arcachon Bay (French Atlantic coast), where the species currently occurs at levels corresponding to an early invasion stage. It aimed at testing the effects of a future invasion on (1) bioturbation (bioirrigation and sediment mixing) as well as on (2) total benthic solute fluxes across the sediment–water interface. Results showed that increasing densities of A. senhousia clearly enhanced phosphate and ammonium effluxes, but conversely did not significantly affect community bioturbation rates, highlighting the ability of A. senhousia to control nutrient cycling through strong excretion rates with potential important consequences for nutrient cycling and benthic–pelagic coupling at a broader scale. However, it appears that the variability in the different measured solute fluxes were underpinned by different interactions between the manipulated density of A. senhousia and several faunal and/or environmental drivers, therefore underlining the complexity of anticipating the effects of an invasion process on ecosystem functioning within a realistic context.
Assessment of Heavy Metals in Selected Fish Species from Markets in the Black Sea Region of Turkey

: The present study examined the heavy metal contaminants in the muscle tissues of various species of fish including Sarda sarda (bony fish) , Trachurus trachurus ( Atlantic horse mackerel) , Merlangius merlangus (whiting fish ), Mullus barbatus (red mullet), Sardina pilchardis (European pilchard), Thunnus thynnus (Turkish bluefin tuna), Belone belone (Garfish), Engraulis encrasicolus (anchovies), and Scomber scomber (mackerel) purchased from fish markets across Turkey’s Eastern Black Sea region. The contaminants thus found included cobalt (Co): 0.01-0.16, manganese (Mn) 0.11-4.41, chromium (Cr): 0.51-2.30, cadmium (Cd): 0.08-0.10, copper (Cu): 0.26-1.18, lead (Pb): 0.10-0.57, nickel (Ni): 1.07-24.0, and zinc (Zn): 5.46-16.9 ppm. These toxin levels were compared with daily and weekly intake guidelines deemed safe for human consumption, and what was found was that these values were all below outlined levels with the exception of nickel. What can be concluded this that there currently is no hazard to human health with the exception of above normal nickel levels, as found in one species from one station.
First reliable records of the genus Chersine (Testudines: Testudinidae) from the Pliocene of Moldova

ABSTRACT The shell remains of tortoises of the genus Chersine (= Eurotestudo) are described from the early Pliocene of the Musait and Colibasi localities of Moldova. The incomplete shell from the Musait locality is assigned to a new species, Chersine khosatzkyi sp. nov., which can be distinguished from all other species of Chersine by relatively wide posterior lobe of the plastron with nearly parallel lateral borders and presence of additional suprapygal. An isolated pygal from the Colibasi locality is attributed to Chersine sp. Chersine from the Musait and Colibasi localities represent first reliable records of Chersine in Moldova and the easternmost records of Chersine (the second one outside the Mediterranean region). In addition, these finds are among the oldest fossil records of the genus.
Empirical Insights into Supervisory Boards of Listed Companies in China

This paper addresses a gap in the literature by presenting novel empirical insight, accorded by privileged access to prejudications and legal decisions, into corporate governance in China. A main aim of our work was to assess whether calls for reform of the regulatory system are warranted. We present an inductive piece of research into two-tier boards in Chinese listed companies, incorporating a board of directors and a supervisory board, appointed by and reporting to the shareholders’ meeting. Through unique primary-source evidence, and additional evidence from recent legal cases, we illustrate the problems faced by organizations that have had to contend with the inherent difficulties of corporate governance in China. Our findings suggest that the supervisory board, in practice, has limited power, given the conflicting roles of the various members, and that corporate governance might be better maintained by a greater transfer of power to independent directors.
Varieties of (Un)sportsmanlike Conduct in the FPS Esports Genre: A Taxonomic Classification of ‘Esportsmanship’

Abstract Much like traditional sports, esports are susceptible to unsportsmanlike behavior. The first-person shooter (FPS) genre of esports offers proxy views of the world which may promote vicarious gaming with unsportsmanlike conduct impacting spectator experiences. Determining the acceptability of different kinds of player conduct within esports, as well as discerning player actions which violate local norms, may serve to enhance our understanding of sportsmanship in esports. Using a multimethod research design in the context of Counter Strike: Global Offensive (CS:GO) esports, this study aimed to develop a taxonomic classification of (un)sportsmanlike player conduct in the FPS genre, recognizing its various forms. Through analysis of data from structured observations of gameplay, spectator reactions, and semi-structured interviews with players, a generic nodal hierarchical classification with broad application to the FPS genre was refined into a multi-level taxonomy of all forms of sportsmanship in CS:GO. The results highlighted a degree of complexity in the interpretation of sportsmanship in local esport gaming contexts that set it far enough apart from traditional sports to potentially paint a specific picture of ‘esportsmanship. ’ The classification is envisaged to enhance our understanding of the sportsmanship in the FPS genre of esports, and guide the thinking of researchers, designers, and testers. FPS电子竞技类型中的多种(非)体育道德行为: ‘体育精神’分类
Application of the “real options theory” method to the production systems used in dairy cattle farming

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze applications of real options theory for increasing the productivity of Mantiqueira ecotype dairy cows kept in guinea grass pastures with different sources of bulky supplementation (black oats, fodder cane, or sorghum silage), because the traditional methodologies do not consider the uncertainties related to this activity. Real options theory, an investment evaluation method, fills this gap as its most significant feature is its flexibility to act on uncertain events. Based on the results obtained for two economic indicators, the net present value and internal rate of return, and considering the production items identified in the sensitivity analysis, this study evaluated the expansion flexibility of each system using the real options theory methodology in discrete time as proposed by Copeland and Antikarov (2001). The analysis of the expansion options showed that the values of the production systems increased by 6.73%, 1.21%, and 19.49% for the systems supplemented with sorghum silage, black oats, and fodder cane, respectively. The expanded net present values were R$ 141,642.39, R$ 64,211.08, and R$ 58,013.07 for the systems that adopted bulky supplementation with black oats, fodder cane, and sorghum silage, respectively.
Innovative floating bifacial photovoltaic solutions for inland water areas

Photovoltaic (PV) technology has the potential to be integrated on many surfaces in various environments, even on water. Modeling, design, and realization of a floating PV system have more challenges than conventional rooftop or freestanding PV system. In this work, we introduce two innovative concepts for floating bifacial PV systems, describing their modeling, design, and performance monitoring. The developed concepts are retractable and enable maximum energy production through tracking the Sun. Various floating PV systems (monofacial, bifacial with and without reflectors) with different tilts and tracking capabilities are installed on a Dutch pond and are being monitored. Results of the thermal study showed that partially soaking the frame of PV modules into water does not bring a considerable additional yield (+0.17%) and revealed that floating PV modules experience higher temperature special variance compared with land‐based systems. Observations showed that the birds' presence has a severe effect on floating PV performance in the short term. Electrical yield investigation concluded that due to low albedo of inland water areas (~6.5%), bifacial PV systems must have reflectors. One‐year monitoring showed that a bifacial PV system with reflector and horizontal tracking delivers ~17.3% more specific yield (up to 29% in a clear‐sky month) compared with a monofacial PV system installed on land. Ecological monitoring showed no discernable impacts on the water quality in weekly samplings but did show significant impacts on the aquatic plant biomass and periods of low oxygen concentrations.
SPME/GC/MS and sensory flavour profile analysis for estimation of authenticity of thyme honey

Summary Volatiles of six commercially obtained thyme honey samples and a pure thyme honey sample were extracted and analysed by Solid phase micro extraction (SPME)/Gas chromatography (GC)/Mass spectrometry (MS) procedure. Excess amount of volatiles such as thymol (trace) and carvacrole (0.66%) that originate from thyme plants indicated adulteration by thyme essential oil in one of the commercial samples. Sensory flavour profile analysis showed that the flavour of pure thyme honey sample consisted of: sweet, honey, lilac, bitter almond, thyme, violet, waxy, sour, ginger, caramel and rose characters. Adulterated honey was detected to be the sweetest sample involving intense thyme flavour without honey character. 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde which is a volatile not found in other unifloral honeys, seems to be a possible marker, but further studies with certified thyme honey samples are necessary in order to confirm the utility of this compound in estimation of authenticity.
Alleviation of copper rhizotoxicity by calcium and magnesium at defined free metal-ion activities

The common hardness cations, Ca and Mg, are at least partially capable of alleviating the toxicities of metal ions, but quantitative data for their effect on Cu rhizotoxicity are lacking. We used 2-d root elongation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Yecora Rojo) in a simple medium (≥0.2 mM CaCl 2 ) as a sensitive bioassay for examining how Ca, Mg, and pH affect Cu rhizotoxicity. A fourfold increase in solution Ca T from 1 to 4 mM showed a slight alleviation of toxicity, but the effect could be completely ascribed to changes in ionic strength and thus in Cu 2+ activity. Subsequently, a 25-fold range in Ca T (17-fold range in Ca 2+ activity) was found to improve Cu-inhibited root elongation by some 30 to 35%. Increases in solution Mg 2+ activity were equally or slightly more effective than comparable increases in free-ion activity [denoted by parentheses, i.e., (Ca 2+ )] of Ca in alleviating Cu stress, an unexpected result because of reports of selective binding of Ca by apoplastic sites. Neither cation alleviated Cu rhizotoxicity as profoundly as they do with other metals such as Al. Lowering pH from 6.5 to 5.5 alleviated Cu stress slightly; a further decrease to pH 4.5 was more effective. Finally, seedlings were reared en masse in nine treatments selected from the previous root elongation studies, and root tips were analyzed for operationally defined apoplastic and symplastic Cu. Growth inhibition was only weakly correlated with symplastic Cu (or with apoplastic or total Cu), and the results suggested that Ca and Mg (but not H) afford some physiological protection against Cu that is not explained by simple competitive inhibition of Cu accumulation in the apical tissues.
External control mechanisms and red tape: testing the roles of external audit and evaluation on red tape in quasi-governmental organizations

Over the past three decades, red tape has been a significant issue in public administration. Several prior studies have discovered the external origins of red tape, noting the roles of external control on increased red tape. Despite the empirical studies, it remains unclear how the particular tools of external controls, such as external audits and evaluations, are associated with employees’ perception of red tape. To answer this question, we measured different external control mechanisms in quasi-governmental organizations in Korea and investigated their effects on red-tape perception. The results show that external audits increase employees’ red-tape perception, whereas external evaluations decrease their perception. However, the positive function of evaluation disappears under a high level of government control because both external audits and evaluations increase red-tape perception when more government control is perceived. Points for practitioners This study sheds theoretical light on the negative impacts of external control in rule management. The impacts of audit and evaluation on red tape are empirically identified in public organizations. Practitioners need to realize that the use of audit and evaluation may produce unintended effects that increase ineffective rules even though such control mechanisms are designed to check mismanagement in quasi-government organizations.
SMEs’ changing perspective on international trade credit risk management in China: a cultural values evolution approach

ABSTRACT Due to the globalization of business, historically developed business practices based on cultural values can suddenly become dysfunctional. Chinese exporters, particularly in small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), for instance, are adopting new trade credit risk practices in response to unreliable international customers. Through 45 in-depth interviews, we investigated how Chinese SMEs are changing their perspectives on International Trade Credit Risk Management by employing a cultural values evolution approach. We explained why some Chinese exporters, but not others, shift from affect-based to fact-based risk management practices concerning trade credit. As a major outcome of our research, we identified and articulated four alternative stances towards credit risk: conventionalism, polycentrism, pragmatism, and rationalism.
Teacher’s Reinforcements Affecting Students’ Willingness to Communicate (WTC): A Photovoice in EFL Classroom

In a globalization era, everything depends on technology. Technology has been developing in the role of teaching and learning process. This study aimed to find out: (1) the teachers’ perception of ICT use in their teaching and learning process; (2) to evaluate the progress of ICT integration program during the last five years at the school;(3) the problems faced by the teacher and students in using the ICT in the classroom; and (4) effects of using ICT in teaching and learning process. Twelve students and two teachers of English were chosen using purposive sampling as the respondents. Method of the study was descriptive qualitative research. The questionnaire, interview, observation, and documentation were used to collect the data. The results of the study showed that first, the teachers had positive attitude toward the use of ICT; second, the integration of ICT was found from the school’s facilities, the teachers’ participation in attending seminar and trainings, and the use of ICT for assignments in and outside the classrooms; third, the number of computers and a power blackout were the problems faced by both teachers and students; and fourth, from the questionnaires and interview, the teachers and students claimed that the ICT had great influence in teaching and learning process.
Introduced poplar varieties and new hybrids for protective afforestation

The volume of actual protective forest stands in the Central Chernozem Region is presented, and the need for their additional creation is shown. It is noted that in recent years, side by side with the main forest tree species competitive cultivars of euramerican poplars varieties and some new hybrids obtained by domestic breeding have been introduced in the forest shelter belts and protective stands, which in the reclamation fund of the Voronezh region reached a height of 15 m at 20 years, 25 m at 30 years and 30 m at 42 years. After many years of testing in various soil and climatic environments of the region the selection of promising poplars varieties, hybrids and clones for protective afforestation was carried out. The following euramerican cultivars have been recommended: ‘Vernirubens’, ‘Robusta’, ‘Regenerata’, ‘Sacrau-59’ etc. From domestic hybrids ‘Pioneer’ and ‘E.s. -38’ (Elite seedling No. 38) can be recommended, which grow well in the floodplain conditions in dry steppe zone in Volgograd region. At 30 years, they reached a height of 24-25 m; and diameter – 28-31 cm. For comparison, similar growth indices (height about 20 m, diameter – 28-30 cm) oak shelter forest plantations in Kamennaya Steppe reached only by the age of 75 years.
Tetrakis(thiourea)platinum(II) oxocarbodianions salts as molecular building blocks for the synthesis of hydrogen bonded networks in the solid state

Crystallization of tetrakis(thiourea)platinum(II) with squarate, croconate and rhodizonate dianions leads to the formation of different hydrogen bonded networks. The solvent used in the crystallization plays a central role in the nature of the hydrogen bonded network obtained, templating different structures from the same molecular building blocks.