Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional Simulations of Jets from Keplerian Disks: Self-regulatory Stability

We present the extension of previous two-dimensional simulations of the time-dependent evolution of nonrelativistic outflows from the surface of Keplerian accretion disks to three dimensions. As in the previous work, we investigate the outflow that arises from a magnetized accretion disk that is initially in hydrostatic balance with its surrounding cold corona. The accretion disk itself is taken to provide a set of fixed boundary conditions for the problem. We find that the mechanism of jet acceleration is identical to what was established from the previous two-dimensional simulations. The three-dimensional results are consistent with the theory of steady, axisymmetric, centrifugally driven disk winds up to the Alfvén surface of the outflow. Beyond the Alfvén surface, however, the jet in three dimensions becomes unstable to nonaxisymmetric, Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities. The most important result of our work is that while the jet is unstable at super-Alfvénic speeds, it survives the onset of unstable modes that appear in this physical regime. We show that jets maintain their long-term stability through a self-limiting process wherein the average Alfvénic Mach number within the jet is maintained to the order of unity. This is accomplished in at least two ways. First, the poloidal magnetic field is concentrated along the central axis of the jet forming a "backbone" in which the Alfvén speed is sufficiently high to reduce the average jet Alfvénic Mach number to unity. Second, the onset of higher order Kelvin-Helmholtz "flute" modes (m ≥ 2) reduces the efficiency with which the jet material is accelerated and transfers kinetic energy of the outflow into the stretched, poloidal field lines of the distorted jet. This too has the effect of increasing the Alfvén speed and thereby reducing the Alfvénic Mach number. The jet is able to survive the onset of the more destructive m = 1 mode in this way. Our simulations also show that jets can acquire corkscrew or wobbling types of geometries in this relatively stable end state depending on the nature of the perturbations on them. Finally, we suggest that jets go into alternating periods of low and high activity since the disappearance of unstable modes in the sub-Alfvénic regime enables another cycle of acceleration to super-Alfvénic speeds.
Evaluation of Layerwise Mixed Theories for Laminated Plates Analysis

The evaluation of mixed layerwise theories to calculate the in-plane and out-of-plane responses of thick plates in two-dimensional modeling of multilayered structures is made. The employed models, which were proposed by the author in earlier works, a priori fulfill the continuity of transverse shear and normal stress components at the interface between two adjacent layers. A Reissner's mixed variational equation is used to derive the governing equations, in terms of introduced stress and displacement variables. The interface continuity conditions are imposed by writing the governing equations at a multilayered level. The related standard displacement formulations are also discussed for comparison purpose. Closed-form solutions are presented for plates made of orthotropic lamina and bent by harmonic distribution of transverse pressure. Symmetrically and unsymmetrically laminated, as well as sandwich, plates have been investigated. A comparison with a three-dimensional-elasticity analysis shows that present mixed layerwise models furnish a better description of the in-plane and out-of-plane response of thick plates with respect to existing layerwise and equivalent single-layer theories. In particular, the proposed models describe, with excellent accuracy, the transverse shear and normal stress fields. Unlike available current models, these fields are herein determined a priori without requiring implementation of any postprocessing procedures. The distribution of the transverse displacement and transverse normal stress in the plate thickness direction are also shown for most of the problems.
COVID-19 and Cancer Patients in the Second Year of the Pandemic: Investigating Treatment Impact, Information Sources, and COVID-19-Related Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices

Background: The novel coronavirus that has triggered the present COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread globally, resulting in widespread morbidity and mortality. Patients with cancer remain one of the most vulnerable subsets of the population to the disease. This study examined the effects of the pandemic on cancer patients’ treatment, psychology, knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Methods: A survey was emailed to 9861 patients at a cancer centre in Toronto, Canada. Descriptive results were summarized. Qualitative feedback was coded and summarized. Regression modelling was used to explore factors associated with patient psychological well-being, knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Results: A total of 1760 surveys were completed, with a response rate of 17.8%. Most participants did not experience any pandemic-related treatment delays, and vaccination rates were high. Participants who identified themselves as non-white (OR 3.30, CI: 1.30–5.30; p ≤ 0.001), and those who referred to journal articles for information (p = 0.002) reported higher psychological impact scores. There were no significant predictors of whether participants would use personal protective equipment when leaving their homes or whether they would go to crowded places. Discussion: This study provides another snapshot of cancer patients perceptions and needs during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Insights in the Management of Long COVID-19: Preliminary Observations

Background. Many patients suffer from various manifestations even after four weeks of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) positivity and they are labelled as "Long COVID". Guidelines on pharmacological management of these patients are lacking till date. Methods. The present study is a retrospective analysis of "Long COVID" patients presenting to one of the units of Viswanathan Chest Hospital of our Institute between June 2020 and December 2020. All the records of these patients were analysed. Inclusion criteria was no pre-existing pulmonary disease and availability of follow-up visits. Systemic steroids had been given to patients with (a) resting hypoxia or (b) exertional desaturation along with radiological abnormalities, categorised as long COVID-interstitial lung disease (LC-ILD). The patients with breathlessness and wheeze or rhonchi on auscultation were categorised as long COVID-obstructive airway disease (LC-OAD). Inhaled corticosteroid and bronchodilators were given to them. Results. Out of the 3363 patients provided consultation in the OPD, 50 patients were categorised as of long-COVID. Only 10 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the present study. Two patients had hypoxia at rest and three patients with significant desaturation on six-minute walk test (6MWT). On chest radiography, six patients had bilateral lower zone reticulations/nonhomogeneous opacities. High resolution computed tomography confirmed ground-glass opacities (GGOs) in five of them. There were seven patients of LCILD, 2 of LC-OAD and 1 of "long COVID cough". LC-ILD patients responded to oral steroid therapy and showed clinical, radiological as well as functional improvement. In these patients both resting hypoxia and exertional desaturation disappeared. Also improvement in 6MWT distance was observed in these patients. Long COVID-OAD patients responded well to inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators with symptomatic and functional improvement. Conclusions. Patients of LC-ILD responded well to systemic steroids and LC- OAD to inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators. Despite the small number of patients, the present study provides a road-map for the management of "long COVID" pulmonary sequalae till large scale studies are being done.
‘Inactive’ motion and pressure fluctuations in turbulent boundary layers

Townsend's (1961) hypothesis that the turbulent motion in the inner region of a boundary layer consists of (i) an ‘active’ part which produces the shear stress τ and whose statistical properties are universal functions of τ and y, and (ii) an ‘inactive’ and effectively irrotational part determined by the turbulence in the outer layer, is supported in the present paper by measurements of frequency spectra in a strongly retarded boundary layer, in which the ‘inactive’ motion is particularly intense. The only noticeable effect of the inactive motion is an increased dissipation of kinetic energy into heat in the viscous sublayer, supplied by turbulent energy diffusion from the outer layer towards the surface. The required diffusion is of the right order of magnitude to explain the non-universal values of the triple products measured near the surface, which can therefore be reconciled with universality of the ‘active’ motion. Dimensional analysis shows that the contribution of the ‘active’ inner layer motion to the one-dimensional wave-number spectrum of the surface pressure fluctuations varies as τ2w/k1 up to a wave-number inversely proportional to the thickness of the viscous sublayer. This result is strongly supported by the recent measurements of Hodgson (1967), made with a much smaller ratio of microphone diameter to boundary-layer thickness than has been achieved previously. The disagreement of the result with most other measurements is attributed to inadequate transducer resolution in the other experiments.
Search for supersymmetry in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV using identified top quarks SEARCH for SUPERSYMMETRY in PROTON-PROTON â¯ A. M. SIRUNYAN et al

A search for supersymmetry is presented based on proton-proton collision events containing identified hadronically decaying top quarks, no leptons, and an imbalance pmiss T in transverse momentum. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. Search regions are defined in terms of the multiplicity of bottom quark jet and top quark candidates, the pmiss T , the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta, and the mT2 mass variable. No statistically significant excess of events is observed relative to the expectation from the standard model. Lower limits on the masses of supersymmetric particles are determined at 95% confidence level in the context of simplified models with top quark production. For a model with direct top squark pair production followed by the decay of each top squark to a top quark and a neutralino, top squark masses up to 1020 GeVand neutralino masses up to 430 GeVare excluded. For a model with pair production of gluinos followed by the decay of each gluino to a top quark-antiquark pair and a neutralino, gluino masses up to 2040 GeV and neutralino masses up to 1150 GeV are excluded. These limits extend previous results.
Integration of Rice Husk Ash as Supplementary Cementitious Material in the Production of Sustainable High-Strength Concrete

The incorporation of waste materials generated in many industries has been actively advocated for in the construction industry, since they have the capacity to lessen the pollution on dumpsites, mitigate environmental resource consumption, and establish a sustainable environment. This research has been conducted to determine the influence of different rice husk ash (RHA) concentrations on the fresh and mechanical properties of high-strength concrete. RHA was employed to partially replace the cement at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight. Fresh properties, such as slump, compacting factor, density, and surface absorption, were determined. In contrast, its mechanical properties, such as compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength, were assessed after 7, 28, and 60 days. In addition, the microstructural evaluation, initial surface absorption test, = environmental impact, and cost–benefit analysis were evaluated. The results show that the incorporation of RHA reduces the workability of fresh mixes, while enhancing their compressive, splitting, and flexural strength up to 7.16%, 7.03%, and 3.82%, respectively. Moreover, incorporating 10% of RHA provides the highest compressive strength, splitting tensile, and flexural strength, with an improved initial surface absorption and microstructural evaluation and greater eco-strength efficiencies. Finally, a relatively lower CO2-eq (equivalent to kg CO2) per MPa for RHA concrete indicates the significant positive impact due to the reduced Global Warming Potential (GWP). Thus, the current findings demonstrated that RHA can be used in the concrete industry as a possible revenue source for developing sustainable concretes with high performance.
Constraining the Outflow Structure of the Binary Neutron Star Merger Event GW170817/GRB170817A with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo Analysis

The multiwavelength nonthermal emission from the binary neutron star merger event GW170817/GRB170817A has raised a heated debate concerning the post-merger outflow structure. Both a relativistic structured jet viewed off-axis and a mildly relativistic quasi-spherical outflow can explain the observational data up to ∼260 days. We utilize a physically motivated analytic two-parameter model called the “boosted fireball,” for the outflow structure after it has expanded far from the merger site. This model consists of a family of outflows with structures varying smoothly between a highly collimated ultra-relativistic jet and an isotropic outflow. We simulate the dynamical evolution of 240 “boosted fireball” outflows using the moving-mesh relativistic hydrodynamics code JET following their evolution through the full afterglow phase. We compute ∼2,000,000 synchrotron spectra from the hydrodynamic simulations. Using scaling relations for the hydrodynamic and radiation equations, we develop a synthetic light-curve generator with efficient sampling speed. This allows the observational data to be fit using Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis in an eight-dimensional parameter space of hydrodynamic, radiation, and observational parameters. Our results favor the relativistic structured jet, with an opening angle θ0 ≈ 5° and Lorentz factor Γ ≈ 175, viewed from off-axis angle degrees. Due to parameter degeneracies, we find broad distributions for the explosion energy E0, the circumburst density n0, and the electron and magnetic energy fractions ϵe and ϵB. High n0 and low ϵB can also produce a good fit, indicating that very low n0 may not be required for GW170817/GRB170817A.
Dual Modification of Porous Ca-P/PLA Composites with APTES and Alendronate Improves Their Mechanical Strength and Cytobiocompatibility towards Human Osteoblasts

Synthetic implants are used to treat large bone defects that are often unable to regenerate, for example those caused by osteoporosis. It is necessary that the materials used to manufacture them are biocompatible and resorbable. Polymer-ceramic composites, such as those based on poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and calcium phosphate ceramics (Ca-P), are often used for these purposes. In this study, we attempted to investigate an innovative strategy for two-step (dual) modification of composites and their components to improve the compatibility of composite components and the adhesion between PLA and Ca-P whiskers, and to increase the mechanical strength of the composite, as well as improve osteological bioactivity and prevent bone resorption in composites intended for bone regeneration. In the first step, Ca-P whiskers were modified with a saturated fatty acid namely, lauric acid (LA), or a silane coupling agent γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). Then, the composite, characterized by the best mechanical properties, was modified in the second stage of the work with an active chemical compound used in medicine as a first-line drug in osteoporosis—sodium alendronate, belonging to the group of bisphosphonates (BP). As a result of the research covered in this work, the composite modified with APTES and alendronate was found to be a promising candidate for future biomedical engineering applications.
A multiwavelength continuum characterization of high-redshift broad absorption line quasars

This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) under projects AYA2011-29517-C03-02 and AYA2014-58861-C3-2-P. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 283393 (RadioNet3).
The Deep X-Ray Radio Blazar Survey. III. Radio Number Counts, Evolutionary Properties, and Luminosity Function of Blazars

Our knowledge of the blazar surface densities and luminosity functions, which are fundamental parameters, relies still on samples at relatively high flux limits. As a result, our understanding of this rare class of active galactic nuclei is mostly based on relatively bright and intrinsically luminous sources. We present the radio number counts, evolutionary properties, and luminosity functions of the faintest blazar sample with basically complete (~95%) identifications. Based on the Deep X-Ray Radio Blazar Survey (DXRBS), it includes 129 flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and 24 BL Lac objects down to a 5 GHz flux and power ~50 mJy and ~1024 W Hz-1, respectively, an order of magnitude improvement as compared to previously published (radio-selected) blazar samples. DXRBS FSRQs are seen to evolve strongly, up to redshift ≈1.5, above which high-power sources show a decline in their comoving space density. DXRBS BL Lac objects, on the other hand, do not evolve. High-energy and low-energy peaked BL Lac objects (HBLs and LBLs, respectively) share the same lack of cosmological evolution, which is at variance with some previous results. The observed luminosity functions are in good agreement with the predictions of unified schemes, with FSRQs getting close to their expected minimum power. Despite the fact that the large majority of our blazars are FSRQs, BL Lac objects are intrinsically ~50 times more numerous. Finally, the relative numbers of HBLs and LBLs in the radio and X-ray bands are different from those predicted by the so-called blazar sequence and support a scenario in which HBLs represent a small minority (≈10%) of all BL Lac objects.
Mining and validating novel SSR markers based on coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) whole genome and their use for phylogenetic analysis

Abstract. Hatta ANNL, Sukma D, Maskromo I, Sudarsono. 2022. Mining and validating novel SSR markers based on coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) whole genome and their use for phylogenetic analysis. Biodiversitas 23: 5122-5131. The coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) genome sequences were available at the chromosome level in 2019, and they can be used to develop the whole genome SSR markers. This study aimed to conduct in silico analysis of the whole coconut genome to mine SSR sequences, design SSR markers distributed across coconut chromosomes, validate the designed primers to generate SSR markers, and use them for the phylogenetic analysis of coconuts. The SSR loci were mined from publicly available coconut genomes. Targeted primers for amplifying 20 dinucleotide SSR loci were selected and used for phylogenetic analysis of coconuts. The SSR mining identified 543,774 dinucleotide repeat motifs across the coconut genome, and most of the dinucleotide SSRs are AG (46.18%) and AT (40.03%) repeats. Primer pairs targeted to amplify 876 SSR loci and distributed in 16 coconut chromosomes were successfully designed and deposited in a public data repository for public access. The 237 SSR primer loci were novel and could generate new SSR markers. Among 20 selected and tested primers, 18 produced SSR markers, and 15 pairs yielded polymorphic markers when used to evaluate 25 coconut accessions. The analysis showed that the designed SSR primers were informative for evaluating coconut genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis.
Odd triplet superconductivity and related phenomena in superconductor-ferromagnet structures

This review considers unusual effects in superconductor-ferromagnet structures, in particular, the triplet component of the condensate generated in those systems. This component is odd in frequency and even in momentum, which makes it insensitive to nonmagnetic impurities. If the exchange field is not homogeneous in the system, the triplet component is not destroyed even by a strong exchange field and can penetrate the ferromagnet over long distances. Some other effects considered here and caused by the proximity effect are enhancement of the Josephson current due to the presence of the ferromagnet, induction of a magnetic moment in superconductors resulting in a screening of the magnetic moment, and formation of periodic magnetic structures due to the influence of the superconductor. Finally, theoretical predictions are compared with existing experiments.
RESOLVING THE GEOMETRY OF THE INNERMOST RELATIVISTIC JETS IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

In the current paradigm, it is believed that the compact VLBI radio core of radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) represents the innermost upstream regions of relativistic outflows. These regions of AGN jets have generally been modeled by a conical outflow with a roughly constant opening angle and flow speed. Nonetheless, some works suggest that a parabolic geometry would be more appropriate to fit the high energy spectral distribution properties and it has been recently found that, at least in some nearby radio galaxies, the geometry of the innermost regions of the jet is parabolic. We compile here multi-frequency core sizes of archival data to investigate the typically unresolved upstream regions of the jet geometry of a sample of 56 radio-loud AGNs. Data combined from the sources considered here are not consistent with the classic picture of a conical jet starting in the vicinity of the super-massive black hole (SMBH), and may exclude a pure parabolic outflow solution, but rather suggest an intermediate solution with quasi-parabolic streams, which are frequently seen in numerical simulations. Inspection of the large opening angles near the SMBH and the range of the Lorentz factors derived from our results support our analyses. Our result suggests that the conical jet paradigm in AGNs needs to be re-examined by millimeter/sub-millimeter VLBI observations.