Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Níveis de proteína bruta e suplementação de aminoácidos em rações para leitoas dos 30 aos 60 kg mantidas em ambiente de alta temperatura

Foi realizado um estudo para avaliar niveis de proteina bruta (PB) e suplementacao de aminoacidos em racoes para leitoas mantidas em ambiente de alta temperatura (temperatura do ar de 30oC, umidade relativa de 66,1% e ITGU calculado de 79,7) na fase de crescimento. Foram utilizadas 50 leitoas mesticas (Landrace ´ Large White) com peso inicial medio de 30,2 kg, em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repeticoes de dois animais por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco niveis de PB (19, 18, 17, 16 e 15%) na racao e da suplementacao com lisina, metionina, triptofano, treonina e valina para manutencao da mesma qualidade proteica da racao. As racoes experimentais foram fornecidas a vontade ate o final do experimento, quando os animais atingiram o peso medio de 60,1 kg. Nao se observou efeito do nivel de proteina bruta da racao sobre o desempenho dos animais (consumo de racao, ganho de peso e conversao alimentar). A deposicao de proteina na carcaca tambem nao foi influenciada pela reducao do nivel de PB da racao, pois os animais alimentados com a racao com 18% de PB apresentaram os maiores valores. Os niveis de PB na racao nao influenciaram os pesos absoluto e relativo dos orgaos dos animais. O nivel de PB da racao pode ser reduzido em ate 4% (de 19 para 15% de PB), pois essa reducao nao altera o desempenho de leitoas mantidas em ambiente de alta temperatura na fase dos 30 aos 60 kg, desde que as racoes sejam devidamente suplementadas com todos os aminoacidos essenciais.
The Combined Effect of Exercise and Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Behavioral therapy (BT) and exercise are efficacious treatments for depression and anxiety when employed separately. The combination of BT and exercise (BT+Ex) may augment improvements but the combined effect of these therapies is not fully elucidated. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine if BT+Ex yielded a significant reduction in depression and anxiety symptoms compared to BT alone (BT). Randomized controlled studies published prior to September 2019 were searched among several databases (PUBMED, MEDLINE, PsychArticle, and Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials). Studies that measured depression and anxiety symptoms following BT+Ex vs. BT were extracted and analyzed. The effect of these therapies on depression and anxiety were analyzed. Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of exercise intensity (moderate and high), exercise type (aerobic and combined exercise), and baseline levels of depression. The moderating effects of gender, age, and treatment duration were performed. Data were extracted from 18 studies (1686 participants, mean age = 47 years, 65% female). There was a significant effect of BT+Ex on symptoms of depression. The effect of BT+Ex was significant for moderate intensity exercise and elevated baseline levels of depression. Age moderated the effect for depression. There was a significant effect of BT+Ex on depressive symptoms in humans. Exercise intensity and elevated depressive symptoms may play a role in the effect of exercise.
Non-Cytotoxic Dibenzyl and Difluoroborate Curcuminoid Fluorophores Allow Visualization of Nucleus or Cytoplasm in Bioimaging

Curcumin, the most important secondary metabolite isolated from Curcuma longa, is known for its numerous purported therapeutic properties and as a natural dye. Herein, based on curcumin’s intrinsic fluorescence, a search for improved curcumin-based fluorophores was conducted. Within the set of semi-synthetic curcumin derivatives i.e. mono (1), di (2), tri (3), tetra (4) benzylated and dibenzyl-fluoroborate (5), the fluorescence properties of 2 and 5 in solution outstood with a two-fold quantum yield compared to curcumin. Furthermore, all benzylated derivatives showed a favorable minimal cytotoxic activity upon screening at 25 μM against human cancer and non-tumoral COS-7 cell lines, with a reduction of its cytotoxic effect related to the degree of substitution. Fluorophores 2 and 5 are versatile bioimaging tools, as revealed by Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy (CFM), and showed permeation of living cell membranes of astrocytes and astrocytomas. When 2 is excited with a 405- (blue) or 543-nm (green) laser, it is possible to exclusively and intensively visualize the nucleus. However, the fluorescence emission fades as the laser wavelength moves towards the red region. In comparison, 5 allows selective visualization of cytoplasm when a 560-nm laser is used, showing emission in the NIR region, while it is possible to exclusively observe the nucleus at the blue region with a 405-nm laser.
Health Promoting Bioactive Properties of Novel Hairless Canary Seed Flour after In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion

The bioactive properties and health-promoting effects of two novel yellow (C09052, C05041) and two brown (Calvi, Bastia) hairless canary seed (Phalaris canariensis L.) cultivars were investigated in comparison to two common cereal grains (wheat and oat). The cereal flours were digested using the standardized INFOGEST in vitro human gastrointestinal digestion model. The three-kilo dalton molecular weight cutoff (3 kDa MWCO) permeate of the generated digestates was assessed in vitro for their antioxidant, chelating, antihypertensive and antidiabetic activities. The results showed no significant differences in studied bioactivities between yellow and brown canary seed cultivars, except for antioxidant activity by the DPPH and chelating Fe2+ assays, where brown cultivars had higher activities. Canary seeds had superior or equivalent antioxidant activity than those from oat and wheat. The anti-hypertensive activity (Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition) in yellow canary seed cultivars was significantly higher than that of oat and wheat, particularly for C09052 and Calvi varieties. Peptides exhibiting the highest antihypertensive activity from the permeate of the C09052 canary seed variety were further fractionated and identified by mass spectrometry. Forty-six peptides were identified belonging to 18 proteins from the Pooideae subfamily. Fourteen of the parent proteins were homologous to barley proteins. Peptides were analyzed in silico to determine potential bioactivity based on their amino acid composition. All 46 peptides had potential anti-hypertensive and anti-diabetic activities and 20 had potential antioxidant activity, thereby validating the in vitro assay data. Canary seed peptides also exhibited potential antiamnestic, antithrombotic, immunostimulating, opioid and neuro-activity, demonstrating important potential for health promoting effects, particularly against cardiovascular disease.
Delirium Post-Stroke: Short- and Long-Term Effect on Depression, Anxiety, Apathy and Aggression (Research Study—Part of PROPOLIS Study)

Background: Stroke patients are particularly vulnerable to delirium episodes, but very little is known about its subsequent adverse mental health outcomes. The author’s objective was to explore the association between in-hospital delirium and depression, anxiety, anger and apathy after stroke. Methods: A total of 750 consecutive patients with acute stroke or transient ischemic attack, were screened for delirium during hospitalization. Patients underwent mental health evaluation in hospital, 3 and 12 months post-stroke; depression, apathy, anxiety and anger were the outcomes measured at all evaluation check points. Results: Delirium was an independent risk factor for depression (OR = 2.28, 95%CI 1.15–4.51, p = 0.017) and aggression (OR = 3.39, 95%CI 1.48–7.73, p = 0.004) at the hospital, for anxiety 3 months post-stroke (OR = 2.83, 95%CI 1.25–6.39, p = 0.012), and for apathy at the hospital (OR = 4.82, 95%CI 2.25–10.47, p < 0.001), after 3 (OR = 3.84, 95%CI 1.31–11.21, p = 0.014) and 12 months (OR = 4.95, 95%CI 1.68–14.54, p = 0.004) post stroke. Conclusions: The results of this study confirm, that mental health problems are very frequent complications of stroke. Delirium in the acute phase of stroke influences mental health of patients. This effect is especially significant in the first months post-stroke and vanishes with time, which suggests that in-hospital delirium might not be a damaging occurrence in most measures of mental health problems from a long-term perspective.
What Works in Violence Prevention Among Young People?: A Systematic Review of Reviews

Violence prevention programs aim to raise awareness, change attitudes, normative beliefs, motivation, and behavioral responses. Many programs have been developed and evaluated, and optimistic claims about effectiveness made. Yet comprehensive guidance on program design, implementation, and evaluation is limited. The aim of this study was to provide an up-to-date review of evidence on what works for whom. A systematic search of PsycINFO, MEDLINE, ERIC, and Sociology Collection ProQuest identified 40 reviews and meta-analyses reporting on the effectiveness of violence prevention programs among young people (age 15–30) in educational institutions, published before October 2018. These included reviews of programs designed to reduce (i) bullying, (ii) dating and relationship violence, (iii) sexual assault, and (iv) antisocial behavior. Only evaluations that reported on behavioral outcomes such as perpetration, victimization, and bystander behavior were included. The reviewed evaluations reported on programs that were mainly implemented in high-income countries in Europe and North America. The majority found small effects on violence reduction and victimization and increases in self-reported bystander behavior. Our findings expose critical gaps in evaluation research in this area and provide recommendations on how to optimize the effectiveness of future programs.
Bio‐optical provinces of the Northeast Pacific Ocean: A provisional analysis.

A provisional analysis of satellite ocean color imagery and in situ profiles of spectral irradiance and Chl a fluorescence partitions the Northeast Pacific Ocean into four geographically and bio‐optically distinct provinces: the California Current system, the Alaskan gyre, the east central North Pacific central gyre, and the subarctic front. Within each province in a given 2‐month period (June– July 1985 and October–November 1982), a family of regression equations was found to accurately predict the vertical profiles of irradiance attenuation and normalized Chl a fluorescence from K490—the surface diffuse attenuation coefficient which can be estimated from remotely sensed ocean color. The irradiance attenuation profile (to the depth where irradiance is 0.1% of the surface value) is predicted directly from the reciprocal of K490. Prediction of the Chl a fluorescence profile is based on a log‐linear photoadaptive profile of fluorescence over diffuse optical depth—a conceptual model which robustly fit the entire sample analyzed. Given K490, the profile is determined from four regression models predicting the depth in meters of the fluorescence maximum, the optical depth of the deep background fluorescence minimum, the surface intercept of the profile, and the slope of the profile between the surface and maximum.
Atividade anti-helmíntica dos extratos aquoso e etanólico do fruto da Morinda citrifolia sobre Ascaridia galli

The anthelmintic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Morinda citrifolia fruit (noni) was evaluated in chicken naturally infected by Ascaridia galli. The anthelmintic activity in vitro was determined in adult parasites. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts were used in the following concentrations: 1.69; 3.37; 6.74; 13.48 e 26.96 mg.mL –1 and 4.17; 8.34; 16.68; 33.36 and 66.72 mg.mL –1 , respectively. The anthelmintic activity in vivo was determined by the administration of 10 mL.kg –1 of the aqueous (50.1 mg.mL –1 ) and ethanolic (24.6 mg.mL –1 ) extracts during three consecutive days. Later the chickens were euthanized and necropsy was performed in order to count the remaining helminths. The data were analyzed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test. In the concentrations of 13.48 and 26.96 mg.mL –1 , the aqueous extract demonstrated mortality of 46.67 and 50%, respectively, there was a significative difference from the negative control (P 0.05). It follows that the anthelmintic activity of noni fruit test showed satisfactory results in vitro, there is a need for studies in higher concentrations in the in vivo test.
The bZIP Proteins of Oncogenic Viruses

Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors (TFs) govern diverse cellular processes and cell fate decisions. The hallmark of the leucine zipper domain is the heptad repeat, with leucine residues at every seventh position in the domain. These leucine residues enable homo- and heterodimerization between ZIP domain α-helices, generating coiled-coil structures that stabilize interactions between adjacent DNA-binding domains and target DNA substrates. Several cancer-causing viruses encode viral bZIP TFs, including human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the herpesviruses Marek’s disease virus (MDV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Here, we provide a comprehensive review of these viral bZIP TFs and their impact on viral replication, host cell responses and cell fate.
In vitro inhibitory effect of lysionotin on the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes

Abstract Context Lysionotin, a major extraction of Lysionotus pauciflorus Maxim (Gesneriaceae), has a variety of pharmacological properties commonly used in the treatment of lung disease. A study of lysionotin on the activity of human liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes can provide guidance on the clinical application of lysionotin. Objective This study investigated the interaction between lysionotin and CYPs. Material and method The effects of 100 μM lysionotin on eight human liver CYP isoforms (i.e., 1A2, 3A4, 2A6, 2E1, 2D6, 2C9, 2C19 and 2C8) were investigated in vitro using human liver microsomes (HLMs) with specific inhibitor as positive control and untreated HLMs as control. Meanwhile, the enzyme kinetic parameters were calculated. A time-dependent study was performed with a time interval of 5 min in 30 min. Results Lysionotin was found to inhibit the activity of CYP3A4, 2C19, and 2C8, with IC50 values of 13.85, 24.95, and 30.05 μM, respectively. The inhibition of CYP3A4 was performed in a non-competitive manner with the Ki value of 6.83 μM, while the inhibition of CYP2C19 and 2C8 was performed in a competitive manner with Ki values of 12.41 and 14.51 μM. Moreover, it was found that the inhibition of CYP3A4 was time-dependent with K I/K inact value of 6.618/0.048 min/μM. Discussion and conclusions: The in vitro inhibitory effect of lysionotin on the activity of CYP3A4, 2C19, and 2C8 indicated potential drug interactions between lysionotin and drugs metabolised by CYP3A4, 2C19, and 2C8. Further in vivo experiments are needed to assess the potential interactions.
Proximal Junctional Kyphosis in Degenerative Sagittal Deformity after Under- and Overcorrection of Lumbar Lordosis: Does Overcorrection of Lumbar Lordosis Instigate PJK?

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. OBJECTIVE To analyze proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) occurrence and surgical outcomes according to degree of lumbar lordosis (LL) correction relative to pelvic incidence (PI). In addition, risk factors of PJK including LL and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) correction were investigated. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA PJK is a common complication after adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery, and many factors are known to be associated with PJK. However, the effect of degree of LL correction on PJK occurrence is not fully understood. METHODS 83 degenerative sagittal imbalance patients treated with deformity correction and long instrumented fusion to the sacrum with a minimum follow-up of 2 years were studied. Patients were divided into three groups according to their postoperative LL angle relative to PI using the SRS-Schwab classification: Group A (undercorrection, PI-LL> 10°), Group B (ideal correction, -10°<PI-LL≤10°), and Group C (overcorrection, PI-LL≤-10°). Prevalence, classification, and period of PJK occurrence were compared, and radiographic and clinical outcomes were analyzed. In addition, risk factors for PJK were evaluated. RESULTS Overall PJK prevalence was 36.1% (30/83), and ratio of optimal SVA at postoperative and last follow-up were significantly higher in Group C (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in PJK prevalence among three groups (40% vs. 37.5% vs. 34.1%; p = 0.907). Group C had better clinical outcomes (last follow-up ODI, VAS of LBP) than Group A (10.0 vs. 18.4; p < 0.001 and 1.5 vs. 4.0; p < 0.001). The increases in LL or SVA correction degree were not associated with PJK occurrence (p = 0.304, p = 0.201). CONCLUSION Overcorrection showed good surgical outcomes without increasing PJK prevalence. Degree of LL and SVA correction do not act as risk factors for PJK. Therefore, in ASD patients, LL correction greater than PI may be a good choice that can result in better clinical outcomes without increasing risk of PJK. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
Size, growth, temperature and the natural mortality of marine fish

The natural mortality of exploited fish populations is often assumed to be a species-specific constant independent of body size. This assumption has important implications for size-based fish population models and for predicting the outcome of size-dependent fisheries management measures such as mesh-size regulations. To test the assumption, we critically review the empirical estimates of the natural mortality, M (year-1), of marine and brackish water fish stocks and model them as a function of von Bertalanffy growth parameters, L8 (cm) and K (year-1), temperature (Kelvin) and length, L (cm). Using the Arrhenius equation to describe the relationship between M and temperature, we find M to be significantly related to length, L8 and K, but not to temperature (R2 = 0.62, P <0.0001, n = 168). Temperature and K are significantly correlated and when K is removed from the model the temperature term becomes significant, but the resulting model explains less of the total variance (R2 = 0.42, P <0.0001, n = 168). The relationships between M, L, L8, K and temperature are shown to be in general accordance with previous theoretical and empirical investigations. We conclude that natural mortality is significantly related to length and growth characteristics and recommend to use the empirical formula: ln(M) = 0.55 - 1.61ln(L) + 1.44ln(L8) + ln(K), for estimating the natural mortality of marine and brackish water fish.
The turnover of carbon pools contributing to soil CO2 and soil respiration in a temperate forest exposed to elevated CO2 concentration

Soil carbon is returned to the atmosphere through the process of soil respiration, which represents one of the largest fluxes in the terrestrial C cycle. The effects of climate change on the components of soil respiration can affect the sink or source capacity of ecosystems for atmospheric carbon, but no current techniques can unambiguously separate soil respiration into its components. Long‐term free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments provide a unique opportunity to study soil C dynamics because the CO2 used for fumigation has a distinct isotopic signature and serves as a continuous label at the ecosystem level. We used the 13C tracer at the Duke Forest FACE site to follow the disappearance of C fixed before fumigation began in 1996 (pretreatment C) from soil CO2 and soil‐respired CO2, as an index of belowground C dynamics during the first 8 years of the experiment. The decay of pretreatment C as detected in the isotopic composition of soil‐respired CO2 and soil CO2 at 15, 30, 70, and 200 cm soil depth was best described by a model having one to three exponential pools within the soil system. The majority of soil‐respired CO2 (71%) originated in soil C pools with a turnover time of about 35 days. About 55%, 50%, and 68% of soil CO2 at 15, 30, and 70 cm, respectively, originated in soil pools with turnover times of less than 1 year. The rest of soil CO2 and soil‐respired CO2 originated in soil pools that turn over at decadal time scales. Our results suggest that a large fraction of the C returned to the atmosphere through soil respiration results from dynamic soil C pools that cannot be easily detected in traditionally defined soil organic matter standing stocks. Fast oxidation of labile C substrates may prevent increases in soil C accumulation in forests exposed to elevated [CO2] and may consequently result in shorter ecosystem C residence times.
Role of Mitochondria-Cytoskeleton Interactions in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Structure and Function in Cancer Stem Cells

Despite the promise of cancer medicine, major challenges currently confronting the treatment of cancer patients include chemoresistance and recurrence. The existence of subpopulations of cancer cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), contributes to the failure of cancer therapies and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Of note, one of the recently characterized features of CSCs is augmented mitochondrial function. The cytoskeleton network is essential in regulating mitochondrial morphology and rearrangement, which are inextricably linked to its functions, such as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The interaction between the cytoskeleton and mitochondria can enable CSCs to adapt to challenging conditions, such as a lack of energy sources, and to maintain their stemness. Cytoskeleton-mediated mitochondrial trafficking and relocating to the high energy requirement region are crucial steps in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, the cytoskeleton itself interplays with and blocks the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) to directly regulate bioenergetics. In this review, we describe the regulation of cellular bioenergetics in CSCs, focusing on the cytoskeleton-mediated dynamic control of mitochondrial structure and function.