Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Slow breathing has unequal effects on prehypertensives from different ethnic/racial groups

In this study, we investigated whether slow breathing reduces blood pressure (BP) in individuals at risk of developing hypertension and if slow breathing has the same effect on Caucasian, African, Arabian and Indian subjects. Also we assessed ethnic/racial differences in low frequency (LF) power and high frequency (HF) power of heart rate variability (HRV). A total of 40 Caucasian men from Ukraine, 39 West African men mostly from Nigeria, 38 Arabic men from Palestine and Israel and 41 South Asian men from India studying at V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University were recruited in this study. The subjects were further classified into normotensive and prehypertensive groups. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), LF power, HF power of HRV were recorded at spontaneous breathing and at paced breathing of 10 and 6 breaths per minute. It was found that slowing respiratory rate to 6 breaths per minute reduces SBP in prehypertensive Caucasians, Arabs, Indians, but not in Africans. At 6 breaths per minute, natural logarithm of HF (LnHF) power indicating cardiovagal activity was less in normotensive Arabs than in Caucasians, Africans and Indians possibly suggesting an increased risk of developing hypertension; while prehypertensive Africans demonstrated LnHF power higher than Arabs and Indians. When covariates like age and body mass index (BMI) were considered, prehypertensive Africans demonstrated LnHF power higher than in Caucasians also. It is suggested that in prehypertensive Africans the control of autonomic nervous activity is reset to a higher level of parasympathetic outflow.
sisterless A is required for the activation of Sex lethal in the germline

In Drosophila, sex determination in somatic cells has been well-studied and is under the control of the switch gene Sex lethal (Sxl), which is activated in females by the presence of two X chromosomes. Though sex determination is regulated differently in the germline versus the soma, Sxl is also necessary and sufficient for the female identity in germ cells. Loss of Sxl function in the germline results in ovarian germline tumors, a characteristic of male germ cells developing in a female soma. Further, XY (male) germ cells expressing Sxl are able to produce eggs when transplanted into XX (female) somatic gonads, demonstrating that Sxl is also sufficient for female sexual identity in the germline. As in the soma, the presence of two X chromosomes is sufficient to activate Sxl in the germline, but the mechanism for “counting” X chromosomes in the germline is thought to be different from the soma. Here we have explored this mechanism at both cis- and trans-levels. Our data support the model that the Sxl “establishment” promoter (SxlPE) is activated in a female-specific manner in the germline, as in the soma, but that the timing of SxlPE activation, and the DNA elements that regulate SxlPE are different from those in the soma. Nevertheless, we find that the X chromosome-encoded gene sisterless A (sisA), which helps activate Sxl in the soma, is also essential for Sxl activation in the germline. Loss of sisA function leads to loss of Sxl expression in the germline, and to ovarian tumors and germline loss. These defects can be rescued by the expression of Sxl, demonstrating that sisA lies upstream of Sxl in germline sex determination. We conclude that sisA acts as an X chromosome counting element in both the soma and the germline, but that additional factors that ensure robust, female-specific expression of Sxl in the germline remain to be discovered.
Association Between Menstrual Disorders and Obesity-Related Anthropometric Indices in Female High School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The menstrual cycle determines the health of women. Menstrual disorders are a major Geneologic problem among women, especially adolescents, which is a major source of anxiety for them and their families. Factors such as BMI, exercise, and stress can be related to menstrual disorders. As a result, this study was conducted to determine the association between menstrual disorders and anthropometric indices in Female High School Students. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Sabzevar on 200 high school female students in 2017. The participants first completed the personal, midwifery, and family profile questionnaire. Finally, anthropometric indicators were measured. Data analysis was done using SPSS 16 software and Mann-Whitney test. Results: The results of the study showed that oligomenorrhea with weight (p = 0.03), arm circumference (P = 0.03), BMI (P = 0.03), hypermenorrhea with waist circumference (P = 0.01), hypomenorrhea with height (P = 0.04), menorrhagia with waist circumference (P = 0.002), polymenorrhea with weight (P = 0.01), arm circumference (P = 0.04), Body mass index (p = 0.01) and metrorrhagia with weight (P = 0.01), hip circumference (P = 0.007), waist circumference (P = 0.004), and hip circumference (P = 0.01) have a significant association. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that some anthropometric indices associated with menstrual disorders in female high school students. According to the results of this study, it seems that having a suitable lifestyle can prevent these disorders.
Medical Faculty Students' Academic Motivation Types: A Comparison with Respect to Various Variables

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to determine the types of academic motivation of medical faculty students according to the type of university they study at and their gender. The study group of this descriptive paper consists of 165 students who study at a state university and 162 students who study at two private universities. The total number of the study group was 327 medical faculty students. In order to find out the motivation types of the students, the Turkish version of “Academic Motivation Scale” was used. After t-tests analysis, it was found out that, statistically there is no significant difference between the motivation types of the state university students and private university students. On the other hand, when compared the motivation types of the female and male students, the paper concluded that there is a significant difference regarding intrinsic, extrinsic and total motivation types in favour of female students.
NEXUS BETWEEN FOREIGN BANKS AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION: EVIDENCE FROM THE TRANSITION ECONOMIES

T his paper examines empirically the impact of foreign banks on access and use of financial services for a panel of transition economies over the period 2004-2017. Transition economies provide rich evidence for analyzing this relationship given the predominance of foreign banks in their banking systems. The results reveal that foreign bank presence is positively associated with banking sector outreach indicators, such as ATM and branch penetration, after controlling for several macroeconomic, institutional and financial country-specific factors, however foreign bank entry is found to have no impact on the use of financial services, as measured by borrowing per capita. Results from low and high foreign bank threshold subsamples provide further evidence that foreign bank penetration effects on financial inclusion do not vary by thresholds.
The Size of Terror Organizations: Poverty and Economic Inequality as Mobilizing Forces

Abstract This study examines the relationships between poverty, economic inequality and joining to terror organizations. Based on the rational-economic model, differently, from previous studies, we focused on the organizational level. We hypothesized that in a poorer base country of operation and in a base country of operation in which the economic inequality is wider the likelihood of terror organizations to become larger (higher number of core activists) is higher. Using GDP per-capita and GINI index as proxies and several statistical methods we tested these hypotheses analyzing hundreds of terror organizations. The findings are that there are no robust relationships between poverty and economic inequality and the number of people who joined them. However, the likelihood of a larger terror organization – lifetime, defeat as the life-ending cause of the organization and political goal – regime change, found to be significantly related to the size of terror organizations.
Evaluation of the Relationship between Spiritual Health and Mental Health in Patients Undergoing Methadone Maintenance Treatment

61-69 ،3 هرامش ،1 هرود ،1394 زییاپ،ناردنزام یکشزپ مولع هاگشناد ،تشادهب هدکشناد ،هعماج رد تملاس تاقیقحت هلجم  Citation: Naghibi SA, Ashari S, Rostami F, Hosseini SH. Evaluation of the Relationship between Spiritual Health and Mental Health in Patients Undergoing Methadone Maintenance Treatment. Journal of Health Research in Community. Autumn 2015;1(3): 61-69. ABSTRACT Introduction and purpose: Religiosity and spirituality diminish daily stress and tendency towards substance use. Today, more people are becoming inclined towards the opinion that spirituality could effectively treat the symptoms of neuroses and mental disorders. This study aimed to determine the relationship between spiritual health and mental health in patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in private and government sectors in Sari, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 123 men and women undergoing MMT. Data were collected using spiritual and mental health questionnaires. Data analysis was performed in SPSS 18 using two sample t-test and Spearman’s correlation-coefficient. Results: In this study, mean scores of spiritual health and mental health were 43.29 and 41.26, respectively. Our findings were indicative of a significant correlation between spiritual health and mental health in patients undergoing MMT. The most significant correlation was observed between spiritual health and social function, while the least significant correlation was observed between spiritual health and physical problems. Moreover, no significant relationship was found between marital status, number of children, and gender with spiritual health. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, spiritual health could positively affect mental health. Therefore, spirituality could promote the mental health of patients with addiction, improve mental disorders, and diminish the tendency towards substance abuse.
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Bacteremia in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies

Introduction Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative rod that is a major cause of bacteremia in patients with a hematologic malignancy. Neutropenia from induction chemotherapy is the main risk factor for P. aeruginosa bacteremia and sepsis in this population. We analyzed risk factors, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and outcomes due to P. aeruginosa bacteremia in these patients from our institution and compared these with those of similar studies. Methods This is a retrospective chart review analyzing P. aeruginosa bacteremia in patients with hematologic malignancies. Results Between January 2012 and February 2016, a total of 71 patients met the requirements for inclusion in our study. The average age of study participants was 57.9 years. Of the 71 patients included, 43 (60.6%) were neutropenic at the time of positive blood culture, 28 (39.4%) were not neutropenic at the time of positive of blood culture, 23 (32.4%) developed either sepsis or severe sepsis during the course of their hospital stay, 8 (11.3%) developed septic shock, 10 (14.1%) required vasopressor administration, 8 (11.3%) required mechanical ventilation, and 6 (8.5%) required both vasopressor administration and mechanical ventilation. Discussion Our research reaffirms the general severity of P. aeruginosa infections. Ultimately, 9 of 71 patients died as a result of their infection, with a mortality rate of 12.7%. Individuals whose bacteremia progressed to septic shock were much more likely to die. The case fatality rate of septic shock was 62.5%. Our data are congruent with other research that finds advanced age to be a significant risk factor for mortality. Our study also found that individuals who received a bone marrow transplant before developing bacteremia were more likely to survive than individuals who did not receive a bone marrow transplant.
An Efficient Dadda Multiplier using Approximate Adder

In most multimedia applications, human beings can gather useful information from approximate outputs. The approximation concept is dominating in the field of digital signal processing and multimedia applications as it allows the reduction of area and power significantly with some loss of accuracy. Little inaccuracy does not affect the visual quality as it seems unnoticeable in the perception of a human eye. As an advantage, this technique is to reduce the device utilization for such applications, which will eventually lead to a reduction in terms of power as well as transmission speed. Finally, the redundant bit, as well as the storage required to store the data, will be reduced. The approximation of arithmetic circuits is useful for reducing its computational complexity without a significant impact on its coding performance. In the end, the proposed approximate almost full adder based dada multiplier utilizes less power, delay, and device utilization. In this paper, analysis of various multipliers using approximate almost full adder is evaluated.
Soil and pitting corrosion of hot-dip galvanized steel : experimental and mathematical modeling

iii Lay summary . v Preface. vi Table of contents . viii List of tables. xiii List of figures . xv List of abbreviations . xxiii List of chemical formulae . xxiv List of symbols . xxvii Acknowledgments . xxxii Dedication . xxxiii Chapter 1 : Introduction . 1 1.1. Power transmission towers . 1 1.2. Below-grade corrosion of transmission tower . 2 1.3. Soil corrosion of hot-dip galvanized steel . 4 1.4. Scope and organization of this dissertation . 6 Chapter 2 : Literature review . 8 2.1. Galvanizing process . 8 2.2. Corrosion behavior of galvanized steel . 11 2.3. Corrosion of Zn . 14 2.3. 1. Thermodynamic aspects of the corrosion of Zn . 14 2.3. 2. Kinetic aspects of the corrosion of Zn . 16 2.3. 3. Passivity and passivity breakdown of Zn. 17
Health profession education course teaching to undergraduate medical and dental students for making consensus: A mix research method among medical educationist of Peshawar by using Delphi technique

Introduction: The future medical education demands newer strategies to enforce positive teaching change. The Pakistan Medical & Dental Council (PM&DC) has added outcomes such as leadership and management, professionalism, communication skills, and personal professional development. However, the level of difficulty and the importance of the contents need to be identified for the undergraduate medical and dental students. Methodology: This study was conducted at four institutions of Peshawar, Khyber College of Dentistry, Khyber Medical College, Khyber Girls Medical College and Khyber Teaching Hospital, the study was completed from April to December 2018, mix method study design of modified Delphi survey was used through a self-administered questionnaire. The study comprised of two iterative rounds of opinion seeking. The questionnaire included baseline data about the participants including instructions, consent form and name, teaching experience, professional degree, and institute. The first and second round of the questionnaire had 09 statements and 01 Likert scales ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. The data were analyzed by using SPSS version 21. Results: The analysis showed that out of 11 items, 07 items in the key contents of teaching medical education could not achieve consensus, while 04 items achieved consensus. The 40(67%) of respondents agreed to include medical education at the undergraduate level. Majority 32(53%) of the respondents agreed that medical education contents should be taught in the third year of MBBS and second-year BDS 43(72%). Conclusion: Key content areas of medical education to the undergraduate medical and dental students should be Khan M, Jamil B, Imad M, Makhdoom S, Anwar S, Khattak F MedEdPublish https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2020. 000019.1 Page | 2 taught in the form of small group discussions. However, the consensus could not be developed on the assessment procedures for assessing medical education topics to the undergraduate medical and dental students.
Biomarkers for Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has significant clinical activity in diverse cancer classes and can induce durable remissions in even refractory advanced disease. However, only a minority of cancer patients treated with ICB have long-term benefits, and ICB treatment is associated with significant, potentially life-threatening, autoimmune side effects. There is a great need to develop biomarkers of response to guide patient selection to maximize the chance of benefit and prevent unnecessary toxicity, and current biomarkers do not have optimal positive or negative predictive value. A variety of potential biomarkers are currently being developed, including those based on assessment of checkpoint protein expression, evaluation of tumor-intrinsic features including mutation burden and viral infection, evaluation of features of the tumor immune microenvironment including nature of immune cell infiltration, and features of the host such as composition of the gut microbiome. Better understanding of the underlying fundamental mechanisms of immune response and resistance to ICB, along with the use of complementary assays that interrogate distinct features of the tumor, the tumor microenvironment, and host immune system, will allow more precise use of these therapies to optimize patient outcomes.
Leads to improve atrial fibrillation ablation, catheters, imaging and mapping guidance

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of cardiac arrhythmia in Humans. Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) by radiofrequency (RF) ablation is the mainstay treatment for patients with symptomatic and drug refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) as ectopic beats (triggers) from pulmonary veins (PVs) initiate AF, however PVI alone had limited role in treating patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (PsAF), due to additional involvement in left atrium (LA) by electrical and anatomical remodeling, creating more complex substrate (fibrosis) that maintain AF and therefore necessitate non-PV sites ablation to modify the arhythmogenic substrate. Atrial fibrillation recurrence mainly due to pulmonary vein (PV) electrical reconnection is common and remains the current issue that limits long term procedural success and generates extra costs due to repeated hospital admissions and repeated procedures. Point by point ablation using single tip catheter can be challenging, complex and time consuming, enhancing electrical reconnection as stable lesions are difficult to achieve. To overcome these limitations, new type of catheters such as balloon (cryoablation) and multi-electrode circular ablation catheters like PVAC and nMARQ, are now available. However, cryoablation balloon is limited by inability to adapt to anatomic PV variability and to ablate non-PV sites. This means that an additional ablation catheter has to be used for non-PV targets, and it certainly adds to the costs. The PVAC catheter lacks of irrigation increases the risk of thromboembolic complications. On contrary, nMARQ is an irrigated circular ablation catheter which in addition to its role in PVI, allows for non-PV/LA substrate ablation. Cardiac mapping and imaging tools are now commonly used to plan and guide AF ablation, such as invasive (Carto 3) and noninvasive (ECVUE) electroanatomic mapping (EAM), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), respectively. We hypothesized that different strategies and technologies could improve PVI procedure and outcome by producing better lesions and by allowing for direct visualization of lesions. We therefore, assessed the role of circular, irrigated mapping and ablation catheter (nMARQ) in PAF and PsAF with or without noninvasive ECGi guidance, and advanced imaging technologies (MRI) after PVI. For that purpose, PVI data were obtained and processed acutely and at 3 months. Clinical follow up was evaluated at 1 year. The thesis consists of 3 parts: Part 1: How to improve pulmonary vein isolation lesion formation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation? Part 2: Circular catheter and persistant atrial fibrillation ablation. Part 3: The role for magnetic resonance imaging in assessing pulmonary vein reconnection after pulmonary vein isolation?
Unused First-Fill Prescriptions: Cause for Concern?

Vol. 5, No. 4 • The American Journal of Pharmacy Benefi ts e103 ABSTRACT Background: Accumulation of unused medications can have negative consequences, including drug diversion and unintended poisonings, wasted healthcare resources, and environmental harm. One way to minimize this issue is the proactive approach taken by some state and federal agencies and insurance companies to limit the quantity on prescriptions fi lled for the fi rst time. Objectives: To evaluate the categories, quantities, and prescribers of unused fi rst-fi ll prescriptions. Study Design: Retrospective analysis of survey data obtained from individuals who returned unused fi rst-fi ll prescriptions for disposal. Methods: Four sites in Northwest Pennsylvania surveyed individuals that returned 531 unused fi rst-fi ll prescriptions for disposal. Data obtained by participants, with the assistance of pharmacy students and faculty, included the medication name, quantity prescribed, quantity unused, whether the medication was a controlled substance, whether the medication was a branded product, and the reason for early medication discontinuation. Results: The top 3 US Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) categories of unused fi rst-fi ll prescriptions returned were analgesics (34%), of which 84% were opioids; antibacterial agents (13%); and cardiovascular agents (8%). The categories with the highest average percent returned compared with the original quantity prescribed were metabolic bone disease agents (100%), hormonal agents (91%), and central nervous system agents (91%). The average percent returned of the original quantity prescribed was 67% for family physicians and 73% for specialists (P = .047). Conclusion: First-fi ll prescriptions returned by participants, which consisted of several USP categories, imposed wasteful expenditures on patients and third-party payers and raised additional concerns regarding diversion, unintended poisoning, and environmental protection.