Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elemental composition of PM10 in indoor environments of a scientific research institution and risk assessment

ABSTRACT Synchronized indoor and outdoor sampling campaigns of PM10 were performed in two research laboratories and a mechanical workshop in Mexico City, during the dry cold season. The goals were to measure indoor and outdoor gravimetric mass and elemental concentrations, recognize the origin of particles, penetration toward the indoor environments, and assess inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption risks to human health. Concentrations of 18 elements were measured with X-ray Fluorescence; selected samples were studied with Scanning Electron Microscopy. Mass concentrations were higher outdoors than indoors and elemental concentrations were similar. Enrichment factors identified several geogenic elements. Cluster Analysis recognized common sources of elements and penetration of outdoor particles to indoor environments. Particles emitted indoors could be identified. Exposure to Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb particles produced low health risks; Cr may only cause an ingestion risk. Only outdoor Mn and Ni Hazard Quotients are higher outdoors than indoors.
The Subtropical Stratocumulus-Topped Planetary Boundary Layer: A Climatology and the Lagrangian Evolution

AbstractPrior work has shown that deeper planetary boundary layers (PBLs) are associated with cloud breakup and reduced droplet concentration in subtropical stratocumulus cloud decks, motivating a need for a thorough understanding of PBL mechanics. Here, 169 000 boundary layer trajectories are calculated in four eastern subtropical ocean basins following reanalysis winds at 925 mb (1 mb = 1 hPa). These trajectories combined with a twice-daily cloud-top-height-inferred PBL depth product allow for a comprehensive Lagrangian analysis of the stratocumulus (Sc)-topped PBL as the cloud deck transitions from Sc to trade cumulus (Cu). Month-to-month variations of this PBL product are strongly positively correlated with an independent PBL product derived from GPS radio occultation.A climatology shows the PBL deepening offshore in every region. The yearly cycle of PBL depth varies in opposition to the yearly cycle of lower-tropospheric stability (LTS), but high-frequency variation between LTS and PBL depth is more .
REPRESENTATION OF STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING IN WRITING: A CRITICAL LITERACY PERSPECTIVE

The goal of this study is to investigate university students’ representation on their critical thinking in academic writing from a critical literacy perspective, in which text is bias and it possesses ideological perspective of writer in expressing social critics, inequality, and power relations. Researchers analyzed 91 argumentative texts writing from Indonesian undergraduate English education students, which were qualitatively assessed using Facione’s HCTSR and LaGuardia’ s CLR rubrics, as well as NVivo 12 Plus software and an integrated theme meaning approach to qualitative content analysis. Researchers discovered that students’ critical thinking skills varied in demonstrating their logical arguments, systematic thinking in reasoning, analysis and evaluation, decision-making, and problem-solving strategies in their academic writing in higher education.
Efficient Computation and Application of Maximum Agreement Forests

ix List of Abbreviations and Symbols Used . x Acknowledgements . xiii Chapter
Effects of Laser Spot Size on the Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of PLD Fabricated Fe-Co Films

Fe-Co films are prepared by using a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method with several diameters of a laser beam. It was found that the usage of an Fe-Co alloy target together with a small spot size, which means that a laser beam was focused on the surface of a target, enables us to reduce the number and/or size of droplets and improve the surface roughness of samples. The transfer of composition from a target to the corresponding film deteriorated as the diameters of a laser beam decreased. Furthermore, an as-deposited Fe-Co film prepared by using the small spot size had a magnetization of approximately 2.4 T at the applied magnetic field of 1400 kA/m.
Design and analysis of InN − In0.25Ga0.75N single quantum well laser for short distance communication wavelength

Abstract. A single quantum well semiconductor laser based on wurtzite-nitride is designed and analyzed for short distance communication wavelength (at around 1300 nm). The laser structure has 12 Å well layer of InN, 15 Å barrier layer of In0.25Ga0. 75N, and 54 Å separate confinement heterostructure layer of GaN. To calculate the electronic characteristics of the structure, a self-consistent method is used where Hamiltonian with effective mass approximation is solved for conduction band while six-bands Hamiltonian matrix with k · p formalism including the polarization effect, valence-band mixing effect, and strain effect is solved for valence band. The interband optical transition elements, optical gain, differential gain, radiative current density, spontaneous emission rate, and threshold characteristics have been calculated. The wave function overlap integral is found to be 45.93% for TE-polarized structure. Also, the spontaneous emission rate is found to be 6.57 × 1027 s − 1 cm − 3 eV − 1 at 1288.21 nm with the carrier density of 5 × 1019 cm − 3. Furthermore, the radiative current density and the radiative recombination rate are found to be 121.92 A cm − 2 and 6.35 × 1027 s − 1 cm − 3, respectively, while the TE-polarized optical gain of the structure is 3872.1 cm − 1 at 1301.7 nm.
Achalasia Subtype Differences Based on Respiratory Symptoms and Radiographic Findings

Three subtypes of achalasia have been defined using esophageal manometry. Several studies have reported that symptoms are experienced differently among men and women, regardless of subtype. All subtypes could have some impact on the appearance of respiratory symptoms and lung complications due to compression of the trachea or aspiration of undigested food. The aim of this research was to analyze the differences in respiratory symptoms and radiographic presentation of lung pathology depending on the diameter and achalasia types. One or more respiratory symptoms were reported in 48% of 114 patients, and all of them had two or more gastrointestinal symptoms. The symptom score (SS) is statistically significant for the prediction of subtype 1 (area under the curve = 0.318; p < 0.001, cut-off score of 6.5 had 95.2% sensitivity) and subtype 2 (area under the curve = 0.626; p = 0.020, cut-off score of 7.5 had 93.1% sensitivity). The most common type was subtype 2 (50.8%), and although only 14 patients had subtype 3, they had the largest esophageal diameter (mean 5.8 cm). The difference in esophageal diameter was significant between subtype 1 and 3 (p = 0.011), subtype 2 and subtype 3 (p = 0.011). Nine patients (6%) had mega-esophagus (four patients in type 1, three in type 2 and two in type 3). More than half of all patients (51.7%) had at least one parenchymal lung change on CT scan. Recurrent micro-aspirations led to changes in the structure of the airways and lung parenchyma such as ground glass (GGO) and nodular changes (12%) and fibrosis (14.5%), and they had higher esophageal diameters (p < 0.001). Patients with chronic lung CT changes had significantly higher esophageal diameter than with acute changes (p < 0.001). Awareness of the association of achalasia and lung disorders is important in early diagnosis and treatment. More than half (57.5%) of patients with achalasia had some clinical and/or structural pulmonary abnormalities. All three subtypes had similar respiratory symptoms, meaning they cannot be used to predict the subtype of achalasia; on the contrary, SS can predict the first two subtypes. A higher diameter of the esophagus is associated with chronic structural lung changes. Although unexpected, the pathological radiological findings and diameter were significantly different in subtype 3 patients, but those parameters cannot lead us to a specified subtype.
Prediction of the monotonic load–displacement curve of slender RC beams with corroded transverse and longitudinal reinforcements

The present paper proposes a mechanical model for the prediction of the response of slender reinforced concrete beams with corroded transverse and longitudinal reinforcements. The proposed model is based on the Modified Compression Field Theory and is able to predict the load–displacement curve of members subjected to monotonic displacement‐controlled tests up to their peak load. The corrosion‐damage effects are considered by means of an effective width of the beam and by means of reduced values of both cross‐sectional area and strain capacity of steel bars. The accuracy of the model is evaluated by comparison with results of tests reported in the literature. Moreover, a simple relation is suggested for the estimate of the shear strength of reinforced concrete beams with low values of the effective geometric percentage of (corroded) stirrups.
Leçons sur les progrès récents de la théorie des séries de Dirichlet. By V Bernstein. Pp. xv. 320. 60 fr. 1933. Collertion Borel. (Gauthier-Villars)

Leqons sur les progrks recents de la theorie des series de Dirichlet. By J' BERXSTEIK. Pp. xv. 320. 60 fr. 1933. Collertion Borel. (GauthierVillars) According to the aut>hor of this book there arc three main branches of the theory of Dirichlet series. The cla,ssical theory. inspired by Riemann's fanlous: memoir on prime numbers and the work of Dirichlet on the primes in an arithmetic progression, aims rnorc or less consciously at discorering theorems in the theory of numbers by ineans of Dirichlet series. The second bmnch, largely a post-war growth, considers Dirichlet series sirnply as a problenl in the theory of fuuctio~ls of a complex variable, ~vithout ulterior motives. The third bmnch, the most recent of all, is H. Ihhr's t,heory of alrnost periodic functions and is inore closely related to the theory of functions of a real variable. I t inight also be useful to distinpuish a fourth branch, in which we are primarily concerned with problems of the convergence and summability of series ; but this subject, familiar to English readers through t'he Cambridge t,ract bjHardy and Riesz. has inan3 points of contact with the second branch. This hook deals entirel-with the second branch of the theory. Suppose eve are ,gi\-en a general Diricblet series
Drivers of food choice, meal pattern, and lifestyle habits among undergraduate students in Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

Background and objective: Food choice is a complex human behavior, which is influenced by many interdependent factors. University students are exposed to unhealthy eating habits and poor dietary intake. This could be attributable to the independent food choices made. This study assessed the drivers of food choice, patterns, and lifestyle habits of undergraduate students at Lead City University Ibadan, Nigeria.Method: The study adopted a cross-sectional design and a multistage random sampling technique to select 200 respondents. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, eating habits, and dietary practices were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire.Results: The mean age of the students was 21 ± 2 years,46% of the students ate thrice per day, 36% skipped breakfast daily and 17% consumed alcohol. The main drivers of food choice among the students were sensory appeal in which taste (79%), pleasant texture (54%), and nice smell (54%) of food were considered very important. Concerning health and natural food content, the respondents considered good feeling (74%), weight control (48%), no additives (46%), low-fat content (42%), and low-calorie content (35%) as very important associated factors. Good value for money (53%), not expensive (42%), and easy availability (49%) were very important economic factors for driving food choices among respondents.Conclusion: Sensory appeal, health and natural food content, and price and purchase convenience were major drivers of food choice among respondents. It is recommended that regular nutrition education programs by the institution with emphasis on healthy dietary practices should be provided for the students.
The Role and Importance of Viticulture-winemaking in Agritourism Activity (On the Example of Guria Region)

The article presents the history, existing condition and development trends of viticulture-winemaking in the Guria region. Winemaking is one of the directions of agritourism, which includes the following services: accommodating and feeding visitors in farmer's house, working in the vineyard, learning winemaking technology and participation in it, wine tasting. The diversity of the tour depends on the enthusiasm and capabilities of the farmer. Presented materials are based on the results of our research conducted in 2021. During the research, 12 winegrowers and one potter were identified in all three municipalities of Guria, who are engaged not only in wine production and pitcher making, but in agritourism activities as well. The aim of the research was to get to know the activities of local farmers, to identify problems and to determine the ways of their regulation. Relevant recommendations have been elaborated, which serve the development of the field, the growth of the farm’s expansion possibilities, the creation of new tourist routes and refinement and perfection of the service quality. As a result of all this, the level of migration will decrease, the local population will be employed, and their social and economic situation will be improved. In the end, all these benefits will have a positive effect on the economic development of the region.
Estimating the Proportion of a Categorical Variable With Probit Regression

This article discusses the estimation of a population proportion, using the auxiliary information available, which is incorporated into the estimation procedure by a probit model fit. Three probit regression estimators are considered, using model-based and model-assisted approaches. The theoretical properties of the proposed estimators are derived and discussed. Monte Carlo experiments were carried out for simulated data and for real data taken from a database of confirmed dengue cases in Mexico. The probit estimates give valuable results in comparison to alternative estimators. Finally, the proposed methodology is applied to data obtained from an immigration survey.
Realistic permeability distributions in faults and sediments: The key to predicting fluid flow in sedimentary basins

The permeability of faults and their sedimentary host rocks is a critical input for models of fluid flow in sedimentary basins. Permeability of sedimentary rocks can vary by orders of magnitude over short distances due to variations in sedimentary facies, as well as being strongly anisotropic. Structural features also affect permeability, with faults acting as fluid conduits or barriers depending on the nature of the sedimentary host rock. Constraining these variations in permeability is challenging where outcrops are lacking and drillhole data are sparse. This study describes a workflow using stratigraphic forward modelling to estimate the permeability distribution (both magnitude and anisotropy) in sedimentary rocks and associated faults, which is then used in fluid flow simulations. Permeability is represented as a tensor in the global coordinate system, enabling the use of an unstructured mesh that is independent of stratigraphic layering. The workflow is demonstrated in a sub‐basin of the Proterozoic McArthur Basin of northern Australia. A range of fault permeability scenarios are explored, where fault permeability is a function of host rock properties. The simulation results demonstrate the importance of capturing the direction of permeability anisotropy in dipping strata, as well as highlighting the effect of different fault permeability scenarios. The workflow is particularly well‐suited to scenarios where there are sufficient boreholes to constrain a stratigraphic forward model, but insufficient to determine the permeability distribution by interpolation. Potential applications include mineral and hydrocarbon exploration, groundwater studies, contaminant dispersal modelling, and CO2 sequestration.
Exploring Neuroprotective Agents for Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy: A Comprehensive Review

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition resulting from an inflammatory overreaction that is induced by an infectious factor, which leads to multi-organ failure. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common complication of sepsis that can lead to acute cognitive and consciousness disorders, and no strict diagnostic criteria have been created for the complication thus far. The etiopathology of SAE is not fully understood, but plausible mechanisms include neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier disruption, altered cerebral microcirculation, alterations in neurotransmission, changes in calcium homeostasis, and oxidative stress. SAE may also lead to long-term consequences such as dementia and post-traumatic stress disorder. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of substances with neuroprotective properties that have the potential to offer neuroprotection in the treatment of SAE. An extensive literature search was conducted, extracting 71 articles that cover a range of substances, including plant-derived drugs, peptides, monoclonal antibodies, and other commonly used drugs. This review may provide valuable insights for clinicians and researchers working in the field of sepsis and SAE and contribute to the development of new treatment options for this challenging condition.
Evaluation of Efficacy of ALK Inhibitors According to Body Mass Index in ALK Rearranged NSCLC Patients—A Retrospective Observational Study

Simple Summary ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer treatment has radically changed in the last few years thanks to the development of ALK inhibitors, which clearly improved survival. To our knowledge, even though many studies correlate body mass index (BMI) with lung cancer immunotherapy, conflicting results have emerged in non-smoker patients treated with other drugs. Indeed, it is unclear whether body size variables and metabolism could affect ALK-inhibitor efficacy. The aim of this retrospective study is to correlate BMI status with survival outcomes in patients treated with commonly used ALK inhibitors in different lines of treatment. We observed that BMI status could impact survival outcomes, particularly in patients treated with Alectinib as the first line. Further prospective studies should examine this interesting phenomenon. Abstract No evidence exists as to whether body mass index (BMI) impairs clinical outcomes from ALK inhibitors (ALKi) in patients with ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Retrospective data of patients affected by metastatic ALK-rearranged NSCLC treated with ALKi were collected. We divided patients into “low- BMI” (≤25 kg/m2) and “high- BMI” (>25 kg/m2) categories and correlated them with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). We included 40 patients treated with ALKi. We observed a 3-year OS of 81.5% in high-BMI vs. 49.6% in low-BMI categories (p = 0.049); the 3-year first-line PFS was superior in high-BMI vs. low-BMI patients (47% vs. 19%, p = 0.019). As expected, patients treated with Alectinib had a 55.6% 3-year PFS vs. 7.1% for others treated with ALKi (p = 0.025). High-BMI was associated with a 100% 3-year PFS rate vs. 25.4% in low-BMI Alectinib patients (p = 0.03). BMI was independently correlated with first-line PFS and OS at multivariate analysis with PS (HR 0.39, CI 95% 0.16–0.96, p = 0.042; HR 0.18, CI 95% 0.05–0.61, p = 0.006). High-BMI was associated with higher efficacy in ALK-rearranged patients. These results are particularly exciting for Alectinib and could be correlated to mechanisms that should be investigated in subsequent prospective studies.
Water entry without surface seal: extended cavity formation

Abstract We report results from an experimental study of cavity formation during the impact of superhydrophobic spheres onto water. Using a simple splash-guard mechanism, we block the spray emerging during initial contact from closing thus eliminating the phenomenon known as ‘surface seal’, which typically occurs at Froude numbers $\mathit{Fr}= V_{0}^{2}/(gR_{0}) = O(100)$ . As such, we are able to observe the evolution of a smooth cavity in a more extended parameter space than has been achieved in previous studies. Furthermore, by systematically varying the tank size and sphere diameter, we examine the influence of increasing wall effects on these guarded impact cavities and note the formation of surface undulations with wavelength $\lambda =O(10)~ \mathrm{cm}$ and acoustic waves $\lambda _{a}=O(D_{0})$ along the cavity interface, which produce multiple pinch-off points. Acoustic waves are initiated by pressure perturbations, which themselves are generated by the primary cavity pinch-off. Using high-speed particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques we study the bulk fluid flow for the most constrained geometry and show the larger undulations ( $\lambda =O (10~ \mathrm{cm}$ )) have a fixed nature with respect to the lab frame. We show that previously deduced scalings for the normalized (primary) pinch-off location (ratio of pinch-off depth to sphere depth at pinch-off time), $H_{p}/H = 1/2$ , and pinch-off time, $\tau \propto (R_{0}/g)^{1/2}$ , do not hold for these extended cavities in the presence of strong wall effects (sphere-to-tank diameter ratio), $\epsilon = D_{0}/D_{tank} \gtrsim 1/16$ . Instead, we find multiple distinct regimes for values of $H_{p}/H$ as the observed undulations are induced above the first pinch-off point as the impact speed increases. We also report observations of ‘kinked’ pinch-off points and the suppression of downward facing jets in the presence of wall effects. Surprisingly, upward facing jets emanating from first cavity pinch-off points evolve into a ‘flat’ structure at high impact speeds, both in the presence and absence of wall effects.
Kinematics of the Horsehead Nebula and IC 434 Ionization Front in CO and C+

Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy [C ii] 157 μm, APEX 860 μm J = 3−2 CO, and archival James Clerk Maxwell Telescope J = 2−1 CO and 13CO observations of the Horsehead Nebula are presented. The photon-dominated region (PDR) between the Orion B molecular cloud and the adjacent IC 434 H ii region is used to study the radial velocity structure of the region and the feedback impacts of UV radiation. Multiple west-facing cloud edges are superimposed along the line of sight with radial velocities that differ by a few kilometers per second. The Horsehead lies in the foreground blueshifted portion of the Orion B molecular cloud and is predominantly illuminated from the rear. The mean H2 density of the Horsehead, , results in a spatially thin PDR where the photoablation flow has compressed the western cloud edge to an H2 density of . The associated [C ii] 157 μm layer has a width L < 0.05 pc. The background parts of the Orion B cloud in the imaged field consist of a clumpy medium surrounded by molecular gas with H2 densities lower by one to two orders of magnitude. Along the straight part of the IC 434 ionization front, the PDR layer probed by [C ii] 157 μm emission is much thicker with L ∼ 0.5 pc. A possible model for the formation and evolution of this edge-on ionization front and PDR is presented. The [C ii] data were independently analyzed and published by Pabst et al.