Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Size-Dependent Mechanisms Influencing First-Year Growth and Winter Survival of Stocked Striped Bass in a Virginia Mainstream Reservoir

Abstract To explain the limited stocking success of fingerling striped bass Morone saxatilis in Smith Mountain Lake, Virginia, we examined the relationship between size-selective winter survival and length-dependent patterns in growth, food habits, prey fish availability, and lipid energy reserves during the first year of life in two successive years from 1994 to 1996. Length distributions of striped bass were unimodal at the time of stocking, and growth remained positive for all fish during both growing seasons. By the fall of both years, a bimodal length distribution had developed within the age-0 cohort, which then consisted of small-mode ( 180 mm) fish. The differential growth was attributed to size-dependent differences in prey consumption and diet quality. Small-mode striped bass maintained a mixed diet of invertebrates and small cyprinids, whereas fish in the larger mode were strictly piscivorous, consuming only age-0 alewives Alosa pseudoharengus. The disparity in food hab.
Effect of Durian Fruit on Blood Pressure

Durian or Durio zibethinus is a tropical fruit originating from Southeast Asia. Durian is often known as "King of Fruits". In Asian countries, durian is widely used as traditional medicine such as antipyretic drugs, anti-malaria, treating skin diseases, jaundice, anti-inflammation, boosting the immune system, wound healing and so forth. In fact, several studies have proven the health benefits of durian fruit such as antimicrobial, ant diabetic, ant cholesterol, antioxidant, antiproliferative, antibacterial, antifungal, and others. The objective of this paper is to describe the effect of durian on cardiovascularespecially blood pressurewhich is still controversial. This paper use literature study involving 18 libraries both national and international journals or books. In conclusion, there are still many people who believe that consumption of durian causes hypertension or high blood pressure, whereas based on research, consumption of durian in a small amount does not affect blood pressure, only for patients with hypertension must be careful in consuming durian in large amounts. Keywords: durian, blood pressure, systolic, diastolic, heart rate
Production of Synbiotic Ice Cream

The aim of this study was to evaluate the survivability of three probiotic strains Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobaterium bifidum in ice cream using microencapsulation by calcium alginate and whey protein concentrate. Also, the effect of different prebiotics (inulin, lactulose and Fructo- oligosaccharides) was studied. Six types of synbiotic ice cream containing free and microencapsulated L. plantarum, L. casei and B. bifidum, were manufactured using 2% Fructo-oligosaccharides. The survival of all tested strains increased with different sugars even in the presence of FOS. Also, the viability of microencapsulated strains increased more than 1 log cycle compared with free cells. The survival of L. plantarum, L. casei and B. bifidum were monitored during the storage period of 90 days. The viable cell count of L. plantarum, L. casei and B. bifidum in the Free State in ice cream was 8.344, 8.413 and 8.230 log cfu/ g at day one and the numbers were decreased to 7.841, 6.110 and 6.436 log cfu/ g after 90 days of storage respectively. Survival of the three encapsulated probiotic strains showed that the bacterial counts increased about two log cycle during the same period of storage. The viability of probiotic cells in paramount importance because to have their beneficial effect on the health, they must stay alive until they reach their site of action and be resistant to gastrointestinal environment. Further the addition of microencapsulated probiotic strains in ice cream had no significant effect on the physiological properties of ice cream and in the sensory properties.
INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION LEVELS AND MICRONUTRIENTS (FE AND ZN) ON YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF RAJMASH (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1995–96 and 1996–97 at Varanasi with two irrigation levels as main plots and five micronutrient treatments as subplots on sandy loam soils. The crop which received folir irrigations at 25, 50,75 and 100 DAS (Days after sowing) coinciding the critical stages and FeSO4 @ 5kg ha−1 or ZnSO4 @ 5 kg ha−1 together showed i1n improvement in yield attributes and yield of rajmash. An additional yield of 614 and 582kgha−1was obtained over control with four irrigations and FeSO4/ZnSO4 @5 kg ha−1
Effect of Enriched Artemia franciscana on Production, Survival, Growth and Biochemical Composition of the Freshwater Fish Catla catla (Hamilton, 1922)

The study documents the nutritional efficiency of i nstar-II nauplii of the invader brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana enriched with Spirulina, Soyabe an and Yeast fed freshwater fish Catla catla fry, for achieving good survival, growth and amino acid profiles, at a concentration of 0.5g/L for a period of 45 days. Unenriched Artemia nauplii were used as control diet. The fry fed with Spirulina enriched Artemia nauplii showed significantly (P<0. 05) higher survival and growth when compared to that of other feeds and the control. The biomass increase, total weight gain and specific growth rate were found higher in the fry fed with Spirulin a enriched Artemia nauplii when compared with control. The levels of biochemical constituents, su ch as total protein, amino acids, carbohydrate and lipid contents were found to significantly higher ( P<0.05) in fry fed on Spirulina enriched Artemia followed by soyabean and yeast enriched Artemia fed fry. Significantly (P<0.05) higher ash and lower moisture contents were also observed in fry f ed with Spirulina enriched Artemia. Therefore, it is evident that 0.5g/L concentration of Spirulina c an be considered as suitable concentration for attaining good survival and growth of freshwater fi sh C. catla fry.
Cost-effectiveness of allopurinol versus febuxostat in the treatment of gout patients: A systematic review

Background: In recent years, increased longevity, poor dietary habits, and the rising prevalence of metabolic syndrome and hypertension have increased the prevalence of gout. Gout significantly increases direct and indirect costs and reduces the quality of life. Allopurinol and febuxostat are the most commonly used drugs for reducing uric acid levels and controlling this disease with different cost-effectiveness. The present systematic review compares the cost-effectiveness of these drugs. Methods: This was a systematic review of economic evaluations. Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and the Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) Registry were searched up to April 30, 2018, based on the specific search strategy of each database. Keywords used in the search include gout, cost-effectiveness, allopurinol, and febuxostat in MeSH and free-text forms. Screening of identified studies, data extraction, and quality assessment were done independently by 2 reviewers. The quality of studies was assessed based on Drummond Checklist. Finally, a qualitative analysis was done to analyze the results. Results: A total of 94 studies were identified through database search and the review of references. After screening the titles, abstracts, and full-texts, 6 economic evaluations were included in the review. The majority of the studies had been conducted in the US using the Markov model, within a 5-year horizon, and from the payer’s perspective, with the quality of life as a measure of effectiveness. In most studies, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of febuxostat per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) were below the threshold (10 000$/QALY and 30 000€/QALY). Conclusion: Febuxostat has been shown to be more cost-effective than allopurinol in all treatment sequences in studies that have used uric acid levels as the measure of effectiveness. Furthermore, in studies with the quality of life as the measure of effectiveness, febuxostat has been shown to be very cost-effective as the second-line treatment.
Geographic and environmental drivers of fecundity in the European lobster (Homarus gammarus)

Fecundity in the European lobster (Homarus gammarus) has been shown to exhibit extensive spatial variation across northern Europe. Previously, this has been attributed to a lack of methodological standardization among samples. Instead, we show significant correlations between fecundity and both geographical and environmental drivers. We use linear mixed-effect models to assess the contribution of latitude, longitude, and measures of sea surface temperatures on the size– fecundity relationships of 1058 ovigerous females from 11 locations in the UK, Ireland, and Norway. We include new data for 52 lobsters from Falmouth, UK, the southwest limit of existing samples. Fecundity at mean female size correlated positively with eastings and greater annual ranges in sea surface temperature, but not with mean temperature or latitude. This contradicts the established latitudinal and mean temperature dependence reported for the closely related H. americanus. We postulate that proximity to stable Atlantic currents is the most likely driver of the relationship between fecundity and longitude. Mechanisms are discussed by which egg production or retention may be influenced by temperature range rather than by mean temperature. With further validation, we propose that temperature-correlated fecundity predictions will provide a valuable tool in ensuring that management thresholds are appropriate for the reproductive characteristics of lobster populations.
Estimating the age and affinities of Homo naledi

HOW TO CITE: Thackeray JF. Estimating the age and affinities of Homo naledi. S Afr J Sci. 2015;111(11/12), Art. #a0124, 2 pages. http:// dx.doi. org/10.17159/sajs.2015/ a0124 Recent discoveries of more than 1500 hominin fossils from the site of Rising Star in the South African Cradle of Humankind, attributed to a new species (Homo naledi),1 have attracted global interest. As yet no secure date for this extraordinary material has been obtained, and the relationship of this species to other Plio-Pleistocene taxa has been greatly debated in the media. Here I report results of morphometric analyses that may facilitate an assessment of the age and affinities of crania attributed to H. naledi.
Decrease of the herbicide fenoxaprop phytotoxicity in drought conditions: the role of the antioxidant enzymatic system

This study investigated the effects of the herbicide from the graminicide group fenoxaprop, on oat plants under a normal and reduced water supply. The study was done in vegetative experimental conditions. It was established, that plants treated with fenoxaprop after 2 days following a reduction of the water content in soil with 60% to 40% of full field moisture capacity, significantly reduced phytotoxic action. At the decreased level of water supply in the oat plants, activity of antioxidant enzymes - superoxide dis- mutase, and catalase increased. The fenoxaprop action did not lead to a substantial increase in superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide content, which had been observed under the action of the herbicide when normal levels of water were supplied to the plants. It was concluded, that the phytotoxic action of the herbicides from the graminicide group mediated the formation of reactive oxygen species and reduction of phytotoxicity on the background effect on plants of various stressors. This reaction was due to the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, associated with nonspecific reaction of plants to these stressors.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Stuktur Aljabar dengan Penemuan Terbimbing untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Abstraksi dan Menulis Bukti Matematika

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bahan ajar dengan penemuan terbimbing yang sarat dengan konstruksi pemahaman aljabar abstrak dengan pertanyaan-pertanyaan penggiring dan strategi bantuan sebelum diberikannya definsi atau dibuktikannya teorema. Pada tahap analisis peneliti mengidentifikasi dan merumuskan masalah. Pada tahap desain, peneliti membuat rancangan bahan ajar struktur aljabar dengan penemuan terbimbing dengan memperhatikan kemampuan abstraksi dan menulis pembuktian mahasiswa berdasarkan hasil analisis di fase sebelumnya. Pada tahap pengembangan, peneliti merealisasikan desain yang telah dibuat pada fase pengembangan kemudian divalidasi. Selanjutnya tahap implementasi dilakukan secara terbatas pada mahasiswa yang mengambil mata kuliah struktur aljabar. Bahan ajar yang telah divalidasi, direvisi, dan dinyatakan layak untuk diimplementasikan kemudian digunakan sebagai sumber perkuliahan dalam tahap implementasi. Pada fase ini, peneliti mengobservasi penggunaan bahan ajar dan mahasiswa melaksanakan evaluasi sesuai dengan masalah-masalah yang telah ditentukan dalam bahan ajar. Peneliti mengambil data tentang respon dosen dan mahasiswa tentang bahan ajar dan kemampuan abstraksi serta menulis bukti mahasiswa. Terakhir, pada tahap evaluasi, peneliti menganalisis hasil observasi di tahap sebelumnya. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi analisis kepraktisan bahan ajar serta keefektifan bahan ajar terhadap kemampuan berpikir abstrak dan menulis bukti mahasiswa. Kemudian peneliti melakukan peninjauan kembali untuk perbaikan berdasarkan hasil analisis. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian penggembangan ini adalah bahan ajar yang dikembangkan valid, praktis, dan efektif dalam hal meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir abstak dan menulis bukti mahasiswa.
Water stressed nodal roots of wheat : Effects on leaf growth

This experiment as undertaken to determine the efects of soil drying around the nodal and/or seminal root systems on the shoot growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two split-root experiments were conducted, the first on newly emerged nodal roots of 18-day-old wheat plants, the second on 25-day-old plants. In both experiments, nodal and seminal roots were isolated from one another and water was withheld from either the nodal root chamber, the seminal root chamber, or both, over 6 days. In the first experiment, leaf growth was unaffected by withholding water from very short nodal roots, even though leaf relative water content of the droughted plants decreased. By comparison, both leaf elongation rate and relative water content decreased by withholding water from the seminal roots. On plants that were 1 week older, leaf growth rate and leaf relative water content decreased when nodal roots were drought-stressed. Leaf growth rate of seminal root droughted plants was more impaired than their nodal root counterparts, even though leaf relative water contents of the two treatments were the same. In both experiments, drought stress applied to the nodal root system enhanced nodal root growth more than seminal roots. These results suggest that seminal and nodal roots perceive and respond to drought stress differently with respect to the nature of the message conveyed to the shoots.
Using Molecular Techniques for Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolated from Water Sources in Egypt

Failure to understand the importance of water quality exposes animals and human to the risk of diseases. Microbial contamination reminds a critical risk factor in drinking water in many parts of the world. Fifty water samples were investigated to detect the occurrence of coliforms. All E. coli isolates were serotyped and screened for virulence genes (hly, fliCh7, stx1, stx2 and eae genes). The results showed that 90 % of th e collected water samples were positive for coliforms. The highest coliforms detection rate was recorded among water samples collected from canals followed by drinking underground water, River Nile, agricultural drain, untreated sewage water, treated sewage water and well samples respectively. The predominant E. coli serotype isolated from the examined water samples was O128:K67 followed by O157: K, O111:K58 and O55:K59 - respectively. E. coli strains isolated from water sources were characterized by PCR and showed that 8 isolates carried stx1 gene (verocytotoxin 1) and 4 possessed stx2 gene (verocytotoxin 2). Intimin (eae), chromosomal flagellin type H7 of E. coli (fliCh7) and enterohemolysin (hly), virulence genes were detected in 21.4, 21.4 and 28.6 % of the isolates respectively. It could be concluded that water may be an important reservoir for E. coli infection and the risks of contracting enterotoxigenic (ETEC) and or enterohemorrh agic E. coli (EHEC) infections from contaminated water have been clearly established.
Effect of Restricted and Ad. libitum Feeding during Late Pregnancy on the Performance of Crossbred Cows and Their Calves

The present research was undertaken to monitor the effects of restricted and ad. libitum feeding during last trimester of pregnancy on the performance of crossbred dairy cows and their calves. For this purpose two groups of crossbred cows having eight animals in each group were put into two plane of nutrition during their last three months of pregnancy. Dietary energy level in one group was calculated as per Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, (MAFF, UK) and the cows on other group received ad. libitum feeding (concentrate level similar to MAFF, recommendation+ad. libitum roughage). After calving, the cows of both groups were given same diet (ad. libitum) to study the effect of feeding during pregnancy on subsequent lactation performance of the cows. It was observed that during pre-calving period cows on ad. libitum feeding gained significantly (p<0.05) more body weight than that of cows on restricted feeding (38.50′6.04 vs 21.37′8.04 kg/cow). There was no significant differences between the birth weight of calves of restricted (21.31′2.18 kg) and ad. libitum (20.31′3.27 kg) groups. Dietary energy intake of ad. libitum group (50.22′4.24 MJ ME/d/cow) was significantly higher (p<0.01) than that of restricted group (39.76′1.03 MJ ME/d/cow). During lactation period cows that were on restricted feeding produced little more milk (3.06 lit/cow/day), than that of the cows on ad. libitum feeding (2.84 lit/cow/day). Although growth rate of the calves of restricted group upto one month (0.23′0.09 kg/calf/d) was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of ad. libitum group (0.17′0.08 kg/calf/d) but after four months the growth rate of the calves of two groups become nearly similar (0.35′0.02 vs 0.37′0.03 kg/calf/d) and difference between them was non-significant. During lactation period cows of restricted group gained little weight but cows of ad. libitum group lost significantly (p<0.05) more weight. Per day metabolizable energy intake in both group during lactation period was nearly similar (67.54 vs 69.58 MJ ME). It is concluded that ad. libitum feeding during last trimester of pregnancy is neither economic for getting maximum milk yield nor for calf growth rate and MAFF, recommended level of dietary energy during that period could be applied on our pregnant crossbred dairy cows.
TERATOGENIC EFFECTS OF A NEW QUINAZOLINONE DERIVATIVE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF BALB/C MICE FETUSES ON DAYS 9 10 AND 11 OF GESTATION

For the first time, a spectrum of morphological abnormalities have been produced in developing mouse embryos (N=50), by injecting (IP) 75 and 100 mg/kg of maternal body weight of a new quinazolinone derivative, 4(3H)quinazolinone-2-propyl-2-phenylethyl(QPPE), on days 9, 10 and 11 of gestation. Measurements of the length of the crown-rump (CR), weight of body of the embryos and placenta on day 17 showed significant growth retardation (P<0.05) with day 9 being the critical day. The severity of the changes was dependent on the concentrations of quinazolinone, as higher doses created more abnormal embryos (syndactily, scaphocephaly, exocephaly, microcephaly, acrocephaly, abnormal polarity in lower and upper limbs, deviation of body axis, growth retardation) and placentas. Apparently QPPE acts on organogenesis on a specific phase of the developmental stage by expressing genes regulating mitosis and cell proliferation.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum) and its residual effect on fodder pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum)

A field experiment was conducted during winter 2004–05 and 2005–06 at Jobner, Jaipur on loamy sand soil to evaluate the effect of integrated nutrient management on productivity and nutrient uptake of fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum L.) and its residual effect on fodder pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. Emend. Stutz. ). The experiment consisted of eighteen combinations of integrated nutrient management practices for application of recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) to fenugreek, i.e. 40 kg/ha, through different sources, viz. control, organic [farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost (VC) and poultry manure (PM), inorganic] alone or in combinations with or without microbial (Rhizobium) inoculation. Results revealed that integration of 50% RDN through poultry manure (PM)+50% RDN through inorganic sources to fenugreek recorded higher growth attributes, viz. plant stand/m row length, plant height, branches/plant, dry matter accumulation/m row length, nodules/plant and weight of nodules/plant, yield attributes, viz. pods/plant, seeds/pod and test weight, seed yield (1.76 t/ha), biological yield (5.97 t/ha), system productivity (2.95 t/ha) and fodder yield of pearlmillet at all the cuttings. This treatment was also superior in terms of N, P, protein and phenol content (%) in seed as well as in haulm, total N and P uptake and available N and P after the harvest of the crop in both the years over all other combination of integrated nutrient management. However, maximum net returns (60,443) and net returns/rupee invested for the system were fetched with integrated application of 50% RDN through VC + 50% RDN through inorganic sources.
Environmental and biotic controls on bryophyte productivity along forest to peatland ecotones

Bryophyte growth and production can be critical measurements in quantifying carbon input into peatlands. For any species, total biomass produced in a given year is determined by three main factors: abundance of the species, bulk density, and annual (length) increment. We examined the relationship of these parameters to environmental factors (water table depth, tree canopy cover) and biotic interactions (presence of other species) in seven common peatland bryophytes. Correlations suggest that bulk density changed in response to environmental variation in Sphagnum angustifolium (C. Jens. ex Russ.) C. Jens. in Tolf, Sphagnum fuscum (Schimp.) Klinggr. , and Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwaegr. , and it re- mained constant in Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt. , Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. in B.S.G. , Tomenthypnum nitens (Hedw.) Loeske, and Hamatocaulis vernicosus (Mitt.) Hedenas. Length increment was dependent on water table depth in S. angustifolium, P. schreberi, and Hamatocaulis vernicosus, and changed with canopy cover in H. splendens at one of two sites examined. Overall, our results suggest that (i) in some species, changes in bulk density are likely to be an important component of changes in productivity in response to environmental variation; (ii) local vigour tends to increase with abundance, but may not do so in all cases; and (iii) phenomena such as biotic interactions and environmental ex- tremes may lead to non-linearity of productivity responses to environmental change.