Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of reviews of school-level effects on sexual health, violence and substance use

For three decades there have been reports that the quality of secondary schools affects student health. The literature is diverse and reviews have addressed different aspects of how the school environment may affect health. This paper is the first to synthesise this evidence using a review of reviews focusing on substance-use, violence and sexual-health. Twelve databases were searched. Eleven included reviews were quality-assessed and synthesised narratively. There is strong evidence that schools’ success in engaging students is associated with reduced substance use. There is little evidence that tobacco-control policies and school sexual-health clinics on their own are associated with better outcomes.
A Kinetic Study on Deoxidation of Steer

Single and cooperative deoxidations with Mn, Si, and Al are /Jractised in iron baths melted by high-frequency Jurnace and T ammann Jurnace. Kinetics oj deoxidation-jnocess are analysed to evaluate the sel){lration-rate oj primary inclusions. The results oj experiments are summarized as Jollows : ladles, would be Inoll/oled by stirring the steel bath.
G (cid:1)(cid:2) Dimers Released in Response to Thyrotropin Activate Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and Regulate Gene Expression in Thyroid Cells

Signaling by TSH through its receptor leads to the dissociation of trimeric G proteins into G (cid:3) and G (cid:1)(cid:2) . G (cid:3) s activates adenylyl cyclase, which increases cAMP levels that induce several effects in the thyroid cell, including transcription of the so-dium-iodide symporter (NIS) gene through a mechanism involving Pax8 binding to the NIS promoter. Much less is known about the function of G (cid:1)(cid:2) in thyroid differentiation, and therefore we studied their role in TSH signaling. G (cid:1)(cid:2) overexpression inhibits NIS promoter activation and reduces NIS protein accumulation in response to TSH and forskolin. Conversely, inhibition of G (cid:1)(cid:2) -dependent pathways increases NIS promoter activity elicited by TSH but does not modify forskolin-induced activation. G (cid:1)(cid:2) dimers are being released from the Gs subfamily of proteins, because cholera toxin mimics the effects elicited by TSH, whereas pertussis toxin has no effect on NIS promoter activity. We also found that TSH stimulates Akt phosphorylation in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-de-pendent and cAMP-independent manner. This is mediated by G (cid:1)(cid:2) , because its overexpression or specific sequestration, respectively, increased or reduced phosphorylated Akt levels upon TSH stimulation. G (cid:1)(cid:2) (equal of cells the is representative of three independent experiments. Statistical significance was evaluated by a two-tailed test. Differences vector-transfected cells transfected and were not significant transfected g 5 g pcDNA3.1, 3 or g or FLAG-G HA-G transfection, cells were maintained for 48 in starvation and then left or TSH 24 Cells were then harvested for luciferase and Renilla activity assays. Relative luciferase activity is the value of light units normalized to Renilla activity derived from transfected pRL-TK to correct for transfection activity is expressed as the fold over basal starved cells experiment, representative of three independent experiments. Statistical significance evaluated a two-tailed Differences cells transfected were not significant
Agrowastes as substrates for hydrolytic enzymes and biomass production of native isolates of Trichoderma spp.

: Trichoderma spp. is one of the best known and well described biocontrol fungi for its antagonistic properties against phytopathogens. For selection of suitable, cheaper and easily available substrate for the mass multiplication of Trichoderma spp. , locally available substrates viz. sugarcane baggase, wheat bran, rice bran and sorghum were evaluated for C:N ratio, mass multiplication potential under solid fermentation and their abilty to induce the production of hydrolytic enzymes viz. Cellulase, Chitinase, βββββ -1, 3-glucanase under liquid fermentation. Among the substrates evaluated, highest C: N ratio was recorded in sugarcane baggase (233.49: 1) and lowest in sorghum grain (11.56: 1). Maximum biomass production of Trichoderma spp. was observed in wheat bran (1.76g/100 ml of broth) followed by rice bran (1.67g/100 ml of broth) and sorghum grains (1.62g/100ml of broth). However, lowest biomass yield was observed in the sugarcane baggase (1.01g/100ml of broth). Specific activities of the enzymes under study were reported to be maximum on 6 th day of incubation. Cellulase activity was highest in the isolate AG52 (3.957 U/mg protein) followed by FL60 (3.151 U/mg protein). Highest chitinase activity was observed in AG52 (3.458 U/mg protein) followed by VE56 (2.728 U/mg protein). However, glucanase activity was highest in VE56 (2.995 U/mg protein) followed by AG52 (2.642 U/mg protein) and FL60 (2.538 U/mg protein).
Developmental Biochemistry of Cotton Seed Embryogenesis and Germination ARGININE TO ASPARAGINE IN GERMINATION

Tbe enzymic basis for the flow of . ltrgeu from arginie to e during the first 3 days of gIlnaon has bed In extracts from cotton (Goss_ypm hnm) cotyledons. Eviene that a syn- thetase reguates n accuma t (for tsrt to the axis) Is Further, eviene that the bWuk of the passed from one generatio to the next In dicots through a cycle Invdvi the f In seq ee r arg storae protein - arginine -* asparaIe s discussed.
Community and International Nutrition Alcoholic Beverage Consumption and Lung Cancer Risk among Residents of Los Angeles County

Although studies generally support a positive association between alcohol consumption and lungcancer risk, the relationship between specific alcoholic beverages and lung-cancer risk has been inconsistent. We examined recent and past alcoholic beverage intake among 261 incident cases and 615 population controls enrolled in a lung-cancer case-control study of African Americans and Caucasians in Los Angeles County between 1991 and 1994. An in-person interview elicited information about past alcohol intake from ages 30 to 40 y, smoking, other lung-cancer risk factors, as well as recent intake of alcohol, and recent dietary intake. An association was observed between recent hard-liquor consumption and lung-cancer risk. The odds ratio (OR) for 1 or more drinks (1.5 oz or 0.051 mL) per day of hard liquor compared with infrequent liquor drinking (0–3 drinks per month), adjusted for smoking, the matching factors, saturated fat and other alcoholic beverages was 1.87 [95% confidence interval (CI) Å 1.02–3.42]. No appreciable association was observed for total alcohol, whereas small inverse associations were observed for beer and wine, although confidence intervals were wide. An elevated lung-cancer risk was also observed for past liquor consumption (between ages 30 and 40 y). The adjusted OR for 1 or more drinks per day of liquor compared with infrequent drinkers was 1.83 (95% CI Å 1.06–3.15). Confounding of the association between alcohol and lung cancer by smoking was apparent. Although we devoted considerable efforts to adjusting for smoking in our analyses, residual confounding is still possible because smoking and alcohol are closely associated. In addition, case-control studies including this study should be viewed with caution because of possible selection bias. An increased risk of lung cancer might occur with moderate drinking of hard liquor but confirmation is required in larger studies. J. Nutr. 128: 694–700, 1998.
Human Herpesvirus 6 DNA in Plasma after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Incidence and Clinical Signiﬁcance

Background. Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is increasingly recognized as an opportunistic and potentially life-threatening pathogen in recipients of allogeneic stem cell transplants (SCTs). Methods. To clarify the incidence and clinical relevance of active HHV-6 infection, serial titers of plasma HHV-6 DNA were determined for 50 allogeneic SCT recipients, using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. HHV-6 DNA was detected in from 24 patients (48%). HHV-6 DNA was most frequently apparent ∼ 14–27 days after transplantation. An increased risk of a positive result for HHV-6 DNA was associated with transplantation from an allelic-mismatch donor ( ) and administration of steroids ( ). Steroid P p . 02 P p . 04 use was associated with high HHV-6 DNA loads ( ). High HHV-6 DNA loads were correlated with delayed P p . 02 platelet engraftment ( ). Among patients who had positive results for HHV-6 DNA, the HHV-6 DNA load P p . 04 was higher in plasma from those who developed limbic encephalitis ( ) ( ). Conclusions. Active HHV-6 infection is not rare in SCT recipients. SCT from allelic-mismatch donors is associated with increased risk of active HHV-6
Stress among Out-of-School Activity Participants in South India

Regardless of the beneficial effects gained by students who participate in ‘Out-of-school’ activities, it is necessary to find out if it causes any detrimental effect on them due to over scheduling. The activity patterns of 1820 young south-Indian adolescents between the age group of 12 to 14 years were studied to investigate the relationship between participation in out-of-school activities and stress. The tool ‘Activity stress indicator’ was modified exclusively based on the “The over- scheduled child” tool developed by Rosenfeld and Wise. The study was conducted in Chennai during the period of January 2011 to April 2011. The collected data was analyzed using appropriate statistical tests with SPSS version 16.Results indicated that majority of the female adolescents have higher activity related stress than the male adolescents (p=0.018). Further, children who participated in competitions out-of-school had greater stress compared to the non-participants (p=0.017). The key finding of the study illustrates that activity stress was significantly higher among over-scheduled participants than those who had moderate to minimal activity levels (p=0.021). Thus, appropriate interventions must be planned in order to reduce the stress levels caused by over scheduling of out-of-school activities among young adolescents.
Rac1 Complex to Membranes - RhoGDI (RhoGDIs) Regulate the Targeting of the Domain of Rho GDP-Dissociation Inhibitors Negative Charges in the Flexible N-Terminal

In its resting state, Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI) a forms a soluble cytoplasmic heterodimer with the GDP-bound form of Rac. Upon stimulation, the dissociation of RhoGDI a from the RhoGDI a –Rac complex is a mandatory step for Rac activation; however, this mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we examined how the cytoplasm/membrane cycles of the RhoGDI–Rac complex are regulated, as well as where RhoGDI dissociates from the RhoGDI–Rac complex, during Fc g R-mediated phagocytosis. The negatively charged and ﬂexible N terminus (25 residues) of RhoGDI a , particularly its second negative amino acid cluster possessing ﬁve negatively charged amino acids, was a pivotal regulator in the cytoplasm/membrane cycles of the RhoGDI–Rac complex. We also found that RhoGDI a translocated to the phagosomes as a RhoGDI a –Rac1 complex, and this translocation was mediated by an interaction between the polybasic motif in the C terminus of Rac1 and anionic phospholipids produced on phagosomes, such as phosphatidic acid, that is, by a phagosome-targeting mechanism of Rac1. Thus, we demonstrated that the targeting/accumulation of the RhoGDI a –Rac1 complex to phagosomes is regulated by a balance between three factors: 1) the negatively charged and ﬂexible N-terminal of RhoGDI a , 2) the binding afﬁnity of RhoGDI a for Rac1, and 3) anionic phospholipids produced on phagosomes. Moreover, we demonstrated that the mechanism of targeting/accumulation of the RhoGDI
Eﬀect of Six Months of Aerobic Exercise on Plasma Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha as Breast Cancer Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Increased physical activity is associated with a reduction in the risk of breast cancer; however, the exact mechanism of the reduction is not yet completely known. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the eﬀect of six months of aerobic exercise on the plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α ) levels as breast cancer risk factors in postmenopausal women. PatientsandMethods: Thisstudywasarandomizedcontrolledtrial. Werandomlyassigned41postmenopausal,sedentarywomen aged 50 to 74 to either an exercise or a control group. The intervention involved facility-based aerobic exercise (three days/week, at 70 - 80% of the maximum heart rate, for six months). Results: Twenty-seven women completed the study. The plasma IL-6 level decreased by 21.3% in the exercisers and by 6.9% in the controls, and the intervention eﬀect was signiﬁcant (P = 0.001). The plasma TNF- α level decreased by 17.1% and 10.8% in the exercisers and controls, respectively, although the eﬀect of exercise was not statistically signiﬁcant (P = 0.28). Overall, long-term aerobic exercise may result in a decreased IL-6 concentration. Conclusions: Wesuggestthatregularaerobicexercisecanfavorablyaltertheinﬂammatoryproﬁle,whichisaknownriskfactorin breast cancer development, in postmenopausal women.
University of Birmingham A Systematic Review of WNT Signaling in Endothelial Cell Oligodendrocyte Interactions Signaling Oligodendrocyte Interactions: Potential

: Key pathological features of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) include impairment of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and the progression of white matter lesions (WMLs) amongst other structural lesions, leading to the clinical manifestations of cSVD. The function of endothelial cells (ECs) is of major importance to maintain a proper BBB. ECs interact with several cell types to provide structural and functional support to the brain. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) myelinate axons in the central nervous system and are crucial in sustaining the integrity of white matter. The interplay between ECs and OLs and their precursor cells (OPCs) has received limited attention yet seems of relevance for the study of BBB dysfunction and white matter injury in cSVD. Emerging evidence shows a crosstalk between ECs and OPCs / OLs, mediated by signaling through the Wingless and Int-1 (WNT) / β -catenin pathway. As the latter is involved in EC function (e.g., angiogenesis) and oligodendrogenesis, we reviewed the role of WNT / β -catenin signaling for both cell types and performed a systematic search to identify studies describing a WNT-mediated interplay between ECs and OPCs / OLs. Dysregulation of this interaction may limit remyelination of WMLs and render the BBB leaky, thereby initiating a vicious neuroinﬂammatory cycle. A better understanding of the role of this signaling pathway in EC–OL crosstalk is essential in understanding cSVD development. precursor cells; the physical support o ﬀ ered by cerebral vessels. WNT / β -catenin signaling in ECs promotes angiogenesis to supply oxygen and necessary nutrients for recovery. Once OPCs have reached their destination, feedback mechanisms are activated via Wif1, leading to the downregulation of WNT / β -catenin signaling and detachment from cerebral vessels. Subsequently, angiogenesis stops and OPCs di erentiate into mature OLs, capable of initiating remyelination. activation of / due to local hypoxia results in an exaggerated upregulation of WNT7a which is aggravated by EC dysfunction. This leads to dysfunctional OPC migration and clustering. Local angiogenesis induced by WNT / β -catenin signaling results in a leaky and inﬂamed BBB partly due to the expression of negative feedback proteins that alter the expression of the tight junction protein claudin5. In addition, decreased detachment and di ﬀ erentiation of OPCs in turn leads to attenuated remyelination and white matter repair.
Floristic composition and above-ground net primary production in natural grasslands on basaltic deep soils Composición florística y productividad primaria neta aérea de campos naturales

Citation Basile P, Formoso D, Blumetto O. Floristic composition and above-ground net primary production in natural grasslands on basaltic deep soils. Agrociencia Uruguay [Internet]. 2021 [cited dd mmm yyyy];25(2):e417. Available from: http://agrocienciauruguay. uy/ojs/index.php/agrociencia/art icle/view/417. Floristic composition and aboveground net primary production in natural grasslands on basaltic deep soils
Local Correction Procedures for Stoma Prolapse

Aim: To assess the outcomes following several kinds of local repairs for stoma prolapse to determine the optimal local prolapse repair procedure. Methods: Thirty-seven patients (24 men, median age: 63 years, range: 33 years to 88 years) undergoing 45local repairs were prospectively registered, and their medical records were retrospectively reviewed in characteristics of patients and stoma, operative outcomes, and recurrence. Results: Stapler repair with anastomosis was performed in 26 repairs, button-pexy fixation in 12 repairs, fascia fixation in 4 repairs, stapler closure in 2 repairs, and modified Gant-Miwa procedure in one repair. The selection criteria for the procedure were different in each repair. The operative time and bleeding volume were acceptable in all procedures without mortality. Postoperative morbidities were few and not serious. Recurrence of stoma prolapse after stapler repair with anastomosis, button-pexy fixation, fascia fixation, and stapler closure occurred in 3.8%, 41.7%, 50% and 0% of repairs, respectively, during a median follow-up period of 13months (range: 1 month to 120 months). Stoma closure after repair and emergent surgery for stoma prolapse were performed in 5 (13.5%) and 3 (8.1%) of 37 patients, respectively. Conclusion: The selection of repair method might depend on the patients’ general conditions, expected survival period, and possibility of stoma reversal. Button-pexy fixation maybe used for transient stoma. Otherwise, stapler repair with anastomosis or closure can be an option for prolapse repair according to the condition of stoma.
ANALYSIS OF SURFACE POTENTIAL MODEL DEVELOPED FOR BALLISTIC PLANAR CNTFET OPERATED WITH CNT DIAMETER VARIATION

Carbon nanotube based devices are foreseen as the vital candidates for fabricating high-performance logic blocks that can be operated in the sub 22nm regime. Unlike their silicon-based counterparts, these CNTFET devices can be operated without getting affected by short channel issues of downscaled technology. In this work, an analytic model based on surface potential of the ballistic planar CNTFET device is developed and a simulation study is carried out to examine the current-voltage characteristics of the device. The developed MATLAB model also investigates the stability of the device performance under the variation of CNT diameter and oxide thickness used for the device. The model generates optimal I-V characteristics of the device that possess a negligible off-state current even under an increase in temperature. The obtained current values are compared with the simulation results of the nanoHUB Fettoy simulator for the validation of the developed model. The characteristics demonstrate the compatibility of the device to design high-performance circuits.
Using Degradation Models to Assess Pipeline Life Using Degradation Models to Assess Pipeline Life

Longitudinal inspections of thickness at particular locations along a pipeline provide useful information to assess the remaining life of the pipeline. In applications with diﬀerent mechanisms of corrosion processes, we have observed various types of general degradation paths. We present two applications of ﬁtting a degradation model to describe the corrosion initiation and growth behavior in a pipeline. We use a Bayesian approach for parameter estimation for the degradation model. The failure-time and remaining lifetime distributions are derived from the degradation model, and we compute Bayesian estimates and credible intervals of the failure-time and remaining lifetime distributions for both individual segments and for the entire pipeline circuit.
Parasite Clearance in BALB/c Mice That Interfere with Immune Response and Regulatory T Cells + Expansion of Foxp3 Infection Induces Strongyloides ratti

To escape expulsion by their host’s immune system, pathogenic nematodes exploit regulatory pathways that are intrinsic parts of the mammalian immune system, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs). Using depletion of Treg mice, we showed that Foxp3 + Treg numbers increased rapidly during infection with the nematode Strongyloides ratti. Transient depletion of Tregs during the ﬁrst days of infection led to dramatically reduced worm burden and larval output, without aggravation of immune pathology. The transient absence of Tregs during primary infection did not interfere with the generation of protective memory. Depletion of Tregs at later time points of infection (i.e., day 4) did not improve resistance, suggesting that Tregs exert their counterregulatory function during the priming of S. ratti- speciﬁc immune responses. Improved resistance upon early Treg depletion was accompanied by accelerated and prolonged mast cell activation and increased production of types 1 and 2 cytokines. In contrast, the blockade of the regulatory receptor CTLA-4 speciﬁcally increased nematode-speciﬁc type 2 cytokine production. Despite this improved immune response, resistance to the infection was only marginally improved. Taken together, we provide evidence that Treg expansion during S. ratti infection suppresses the protective immune response to this pathogenic nematode and, thus, represents a mechanism of immune evasion. The Journal of Immunology , 2011, 186: 000–000.
Altruism costs(cid:2)the cheap signal from amygdala

When people state their willingness to pay for something, the amount usually differs from the behavior in a real purchase situation. The discrepancy between a hypothetical answer and the real act is called hypothetical bias. We investigated neural processes of hypothetical bias regarding monetary donations to public goods using fMRI with the hypothesis that amygdala codes for real costs. Real decisions activated amygdala more than hypothetical decisions. This was observed for both accepted and rejected proposals. The more the subjects accepted real donation proposals the greater was the activity in rostral anterior cingulate cortex(cid:2)a region known to control amygdala but also neural processing of the cost-benefit difference. The presen- tation of a charitable donation goal evoked an insula activity that predicted the later decision to donate. In conclusion, we have identified the neural mechanisms underlying real donation behavior, compatible with theories on hypothetical bias. Our findings imply that the emotional system has an important role in real decision making as it signals what kind of immediate cost and reward an outcome is associated with.
Deep Inverse Reinforcement Learning for Behaviour Prediction in Autonomous Driving

Accurate behaviour anticipation is essential for autonomous vehicles when navigating in close proximity to other vehicles, pedestrians and cyclists. Thanks to the recent advances in deep learning and inverse reinforcement learning we observe a tremendous opportunity to address this need, which was once believed impossible given the complex nature of human decision making. In this article, we will summarise the importance of accurate behaviour modelling in autonomous driving and analyse the key approaches and the major progress that researchers have made, focusing on the potential of Deep Inverse Reinforcement Learning (D-IRL) to overcome the limitations of previous techniques. We provide quantitative and qualitative evaluations substantiating these observations. While the ﬁeld of D-IRL has seen recent successes, it’s application to model behaviour in autonomous driving is largely unexplored. As such we conclude this article by summarising the exciting pathways for future breakthroughs