Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapid Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rifampin Resistance by Use of On-Demand , Near-Patient Technology † ‡

Published Ahead of Print 28 October 2009. 10.1128/JCM.01463-09. 2010, 48(1):229. DOI: J. Clin. Microbiol. Alland Peter Dailey, Mark D. Perkins, David H. Persing and David Mugerwa, Bill McMillan, Emily Winn-Deen, Lee Christel, Michael Levi, Michele Burday, Irene Ayakaka, Roy D. Jones-López, Robert Blakemore, N. T. Ngoc Lan, Edward C. Owens, Richard Rodgers, Padmapriya Banada, Hassan Safi, Boehme, Ellen Wallace, Ken Ho, JoAnn Kop, Michelle R. Danica Helb, Martin Jones, Elizabeth Story, Catharina Technology Use of On-Demand, Near-Patient and Rifampin Resistance by tuberculosis Mycobacterium Rapid Detection of
Influence of sowing time and weed control methods on weed flora and productivity of direct seeded upland rice

The field experiments were conducted during kharif seasons of 2008 and 2009 at the Agronomy Research Area, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi on sandy loam soil to study the effect of sowing time and weed control methods on weed flora and productivity of direct seeded upland rice. Results showed that broad leaf weeds constituted 56%, grasses 40% and sedges 4% of the total weed population at 30 days after sowing. Post monsoon sown direct seeded rice produced significantly higher grain (1967 kg/ha) and straw (2967 kg/ha) yield with net return of Rs 9465/ha and benefit: cost ratio of 1.92 than pre monsoon sown crop owing to higher total and effective tillers, grains/ panicle and 1000- grain weight along with lower weed density, weed dry matter and higher weed control efficiency. Grain yield of rice was statistically at par among pretilachlor + safener 0.5 kg/ha and butachlor 1.5 kg/ha + one hand weeding at 25 days after sowing (DAS) but significantly higher than other weed control methods except weed free. Application of pretilachlor + safener 0.5 kg/ha was remunerative in direct seeded rice as it had higher net return (Rs 9459/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.98).
Fault plane solutions using relative amplitudes of P and surface reflections: further studies

Summary. The method of computing fault plane solutions for small shallow earthquakes using relative amplitudes of P and pP, as described in an earlier paper, is extended to include sP. It is shown theoretically that even a single relative amplitude observation can impose a severe constraint on the orientation of an assumed double couple source, and earthquakes studied in the earlier paper are reprocessed with the inclusion of sP information. The method is also extended to deep earthquakes using long period seismograms, and to undersea earthquakes by allowing for the effect of a sea layer on the surface-reflected phases. Also described are options to search only a restricted range of source orientations, and to identify those orientations which are incompatible with one or more relative amplitudes. These options are applied to several earthquakes, to demonstrate the scope of the relative amplitude method. Results are illustrated using the seismic modelling method of Hudson (1969a, b) and Douglas, Hudson & Blamey (1972).
Frontiers in Dentistry

Article type: Original Article Objectives: Considering the side effects of chlorhexidine (CHX), which is currently the gold-standard antimicrobial mouthwash, this study aimed to compare the effects of Green Kemphor and CHX mouthwashes on tooth staining and gingivitis. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled crossover clinical trial evaluated 38 patients requiring CHX mouthwash following oral surgery and periodontal therapy. The patients were randomly assigned to CHX and Kemphor groups (n=19). In CHX group, patients used CHX mouthwash in the first 2 weeks, and after a 4-day washout period, they used Kemphor mouthwash for 2 weeks. This order was reverse in the Kemphor group. Gingivitis was evaluated using the Silness and Loe gingival index (GI), and tooth staining was evaluated by the Lobene index at 0 (baseline), 2 and 4 weeks. Data were analyzed by paired t-test. Results: CHX mouthwash significantly decreased the GI and increased tooth staining (gingival stains, body stains, and stain extent) at 2 weeks (P<0.05). Kemphor mouthwash significantly decreased the GI and increased tooth staining after 2 weeks (P<0.05). The GI in Kemphor group was significantly lower than that in CHX group at 4 weeks (P<0.05). Also, the tooth staining parameters in the Kemphor group were significantly lower than the corresponding values in the CHX group at 2 and 4 weeks (P<0.05). Conclusion: Kemphor had higher efficacy for reduction of GI and caused less tooth staining than CHX; thus, it may be recommended for use as an alternative to CHX.
Frontiers in Dentistry

Article type: Original Article Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess how different soft drinks affect the deterioration of conventional and memory orthodontic elastomeric chains. Materials and Methods: We used 500 five-loop segments of elastomeric chains, which were divided into two equal groups of conventional and memory chains. The samples were kept in artificial saliva during the study period. Each group was further divided into 5 subgroups consisting of artificial saliva (controls), CocaCola®, non-alcoholic beer (ISTAK®), and carbonated and non-carbonated yoghurt-based drinks (Alis®). Treatment with the soft drinks consisted of immersion in the test liquids twice a day for 3 minutes each time. Force measurements were taken on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Data were analyzed using Oneand three-way ANOVA tests, and independent t-test, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The mean initial force for the conventional and memory elastomeric chains was 3.34±0.112N and 2.49±0.209N, respectively. Conventional chains showed significantly greater degradation than memory chains (P<0.01). Soft drinks had a significant impact on force degradation for both types of chains at all time points (P<0.01). Coca-Cola® had the highest level of force degradation, while non-carbonated yoghurt-based drinks had the lowest (P<0.01). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that orthodontic patients choose non-carbonated yoghurt-based drinks during their treatment. Memory elastomeric chains may be more suitable for patients who consume large amounts of carbonated soft drinks, due to their lower amount of force degradation compared to conventional chains.
Quantifying and simulating stormwater runoff in watersheds

We developed the Stormwater Runoff Modeling System (SWARM) based on curve number and unit hydrograph methods of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. SWARM models single events, targets watersheds fitting easily within hydrologic units with 12‐digit codes, and has been calibrated for low‐gradient topography of the Southeast coastal plain. We established protocols; made changes related to peak rate factors, travel time formulas, curve numbers, and the initial abstraction ratio; and then tested the output with multi‐site validation using U.S. Geological Survey measurements of discharge and rainfall. Validation results from both undeveloped and developed watersheds support the robustness of our system in quantifying and simulating runoff: rainfall to runoff differences between measured and simulated volumes ranged from 3 to 11%; r2 for hydrograph curves ranged from 0.82 to 0.98. SWARM can be a useful tool for scientific research and for coastal resource management and decision making in the Southeast coastal plain specifically and also may be applied to other areas by recalibrating parameters and modifying calculation templates. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frontiers in Dentistry

Article type: Case Report Maxillary protraction with a face mask is an effective treatment for class III children with maxillary hypoplasia. However, in late adolescence, orthopedic approaches are not very effective for treatment of maxillary deficiency. The aim of this study was to report a minimally invasive technique to orthopedically treat a 16-year-old female adolescent with mild to moderate maxillary deficiency, before the cessation of growth. A circumvestibular corticotomy technique was performed followed by a regimen of rapid maxillary expansion and application of heavy extra-oral forces. After termination of the orthopedic and orthodontic phases, the patient was monitored for ten years. The dental and skeletal results immediately after treatment were compared with the results ten years after termination of treatment. A noticeable anterior displacement of “A” point was observed after the orthopedic phase and this remained unchanged for ten years.
Frontiers in Dentistry

Article type: Original Article Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the bond strength of heat-cure denture base resin to newly designed Iranian artificial acrylic teeth. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro experimental study, shear bond strengths of Ivoclar acrylic, Apple composite, and B-Star nanocomposite teeth to heat-cure acrylic denture base resin were compared. A total of 18 samples were selected from each group of teeth. The samples were attached to heat-cure resin according to ISO 10477 standard. For the assessment of bond strength, the samples were placed in a universal testing machine and were subjected to shear forces at a speed of 1 mm/minute to record the fracture load. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, mean, and standard deviation, were calculated using SPSS 20 software. Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare the shear bond strength of the groups with and without monomers and the studied artificial teeth. Results: The mean shear bond strengths of Ivoclar acrylic teeth were 392.22±23.76 MPa and 337.11±32.18 MPa with and without adding monomers to the tooth surface, respectively. The mean shear bond strengths were 250.44±29.84 MPa and 238.33±27.28 MPa (without monomers) and 438.33±24.16 MPa and 311.56±32.78 MPa (with monomers) for Apple composite and B-Star nanocomposite artificial teeth, respectively. Conclusion: The greatest shear bond strength was attributed to Ivoclar acrylic teeth followed by Apple composite and B-Star nanocomposite artificial teeth. Addition of monomers to the tooth surface significantly strengthened the shear bonding of acrylic base resin to the teeth.
Frontiers in Dentistry

Article type: Original Article Objectives: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) include a series of signs and symptoms in the temporomandibular joints (TMJ) and muscles of mastication, which are associated with or caused by parafunctional habits. Many of these patients also suffer from lumbar pains. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of treating parafunctional habits in alleviating symptoms of TMD and lower back pain. Materials and Methods: This phase II clinical trial was conducted on 136 patients suffering from TMDs and lumbar pain, who consented to participate in this study. They were provided with instructions on how to discontinue their parafunctional habits including clenching and bruxism. The Helkimo and Rolland Morris questionnaires were used to assess TMD and lower back pain, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed using paired Student's t-test, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, and Spearman correlation tests, with the significance level set at P<0.05. Results: The mean severity score of TMD significantly decreased after the intervention. Following treatment of TMD, the mean severity score of lumbar pain decreased from 8 to 2 (P=0.0001). Conclusion: Based on our findings, it appears that the elimination of parafunctional habits improves TMD and lumbar pain.
Frontiers in Dentistry

Article type: Original Article Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and xylitol chewing gums, and probiotic yogurt, as chemical plaque control strategies, on periodontal parameters. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial evaluated 120 eligible dental students that were randomly divided into four groups (n=30) for use of (I) CPP-ACP chewing gum, (II) xylitol chewing gum, (III) probiotic yogurt, and (IV) chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash. The oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S), Silness and Loe gingival index (GI), and Silness and Loe modified plaque index (PI) were measured before and on days 15 and 30 after using the products. Paired t-test or its nonparametric equivalent was used to analyze the parameters after the intervention compared with baseline. The study groups were compared using one-way ANOVA or its non-parametric equivalent. Results: The OHI-S did not change over time, and most participants had a good OHIS. The CHX group had the most favorable, and the probiotic yogurt group had the least favorable GI. Pairwise comparisons of the groups did not reveal a significant difference in GI between the CPP-ACP gum and CHX groups (P>0.05). CHX caused the greatest improvement in PI, with significant differences with other groups. Conclusion: CHX was the most effective for improvement of periodontal parameters followed by CPP-ACP, which showed better results compared with other groups.
A case study of the Thunderstorm Research International Project storm of July 11, 1978 2. Interrelations among the observable parameters controlling electrification

In Part 1 of this paper, the data obtained at the time of the Thunderstorm Research International Project storm at the Kennedy Space Center on July 11, 1978, are discussed and analyzed in a model-independent manner. Here the parameters of the electrical system that would be consistent with these observations are discussed. Three-dimensional electrodynamic modeling of the thundercloud electrification allowed estimates to be made of the current moments and electrical power generated continuously throughout the evolution of the two cells of the storm that were studied. The evolution and configuration of the currents were consistent with the separation of an originally neutral ensemble of particles by gravity in the region of 7 km in the region close to the maximum of the updraft velocity. After about 370 s the effect of wind shears would have caused the particles to separate in the convective system of the cells. Rain did not appear to be the dominant charge carrier. The current moments generated were compared with the current moments transferred by intercloud and cloud-to-ground lightning. It is shown that for the southern cell, which produced a charge moment of about 8.4 (MC m), lightning utilized about 84% of the charge moment separated,more » while for the northern cell, which produced about 1.1 (MC m), this figure was approximately 60%. It was shown that the times of initiation and maximum electrical power generated correspond best with the normalized mass above 7.5 km. It was deduced that the median diameter heavier particles had a fall velocity of about 3 m/s. The generator currents, flash rates, cloud conductivities, and mean charge per flash were used to estimate the volume associated with the lower region of current divergence. « less
Methane Gas Ebullition Dynamics From Different Subtropical Wetland Vegetation Communities in Big Cypress National Preserve, Florida Are Revealed Using a Multi‐Method, Multi‐Scale Approach

Methane (CH4) emissions from peat soils are highly variable in space and time and are influenced by changes in biogeochemical controls and other environmental factors. Areas or times with disproportionally high CH4 emissions in wetlands may develop where conditions are especially conducive for microbial processes like methanogenesis. Currently, eddy covariance methods are employed to quantify CH4 exchanges over several extensive subtropical forested wetland communities in the Big Cypress National Preserve, Florida. In this work, we investigate the importance of multi‐scale measurements to characterize CH4 ebullition dynamics from subtropical wetlands. Our approach uses a combination of gas traps, time‐lapse photography, and capacitance probes to characterize ebullition dynamics from two different wetland vegetation communities for comparison to eddy covariance CH4 measurements at the site. Ground‐penetrating radar surveys and soil sampling are used to assess differences in subsurface properties between sites that influence ebullition. Our results show that the mean measurement bias between fluxes measured in this study and the eddy covariance measurements over the same period was 10–14 times larger during the wet season when ebullition rates were greatest, than the dry season, when ebullition rates were smallest. This suggests that eddy covariance measurements may underestimate the CH4 contribution of ebullition across heterogeneous wetland vegetation communities and that the comparability of CH4 fluxes from methods varying in spatio‐temporal scale changes in response to subtropical Florida seasonality. Our work suggests that these methods can be used to complement eddy covariance measurements and improve the characterization of ebullition dynamics in subtropical wetlands.
Modelling stream and soil water nitrate dynamics during experimentally increased nitrogen deposition in a coniferous forest catchment at Gårdsjön, Sweden

Increased atmospheric deposition of inorganic nitrogen (N) may lead to increased leaching of nitrate (NO 3 − ) to surface waters. The mechanisms responsible for, and controls on, this leaching are matters of debate. An experimental N addition has been conducted at Gardsjon, Sweden to determine the magnitude and identify the mechanisms of N leaching from forested catchments within the EU funded project NITREX. The ability of INCA-N, a simple process-based model of catchment N dynamics, to simulate catchment-scale inorganic N dynamics in soil and stream water during the course of the experimental addition is evaluated. Simulations were performed for 1990–2002. Experimental N addition began in 1991. INCA-N was able to successfully reproduce stream and soil water dynamics before and during the experiment. While INCA-N did not correctly simulate the lag between the start of N addition and NO 3 − breakthrough, the model was able to simulate the state change resulting from increased N deposition. Sensitivity analysis showed that model behaviour was controlled primarily by parameters related to hydrology and vegetation dynamics and secondarily by in-soil processes.
Nematode species distribution patterns at the Hakon Mosby Mud Volcano (Norwegian Sea)

The Hakon Mosby Mud Volcano (HMMV) is a methane seep that is densely populated by the bacteria Beggiatoa spp. as well as by tubeworms of the Family Siboglinidae. Analyses of samples from seven stations located in five different habitats (bare sediments, bacterial mats, siboglinid fields, sediments with small patches of siboglinids and areas of 'normal' sea floor) revealed differences in the density and species-level diversity of nematode communities. Total densities increased from stations inside the mud volcano and on its rim towards the 'normal' areas outside the volcano. Nematode species diversity was similar in samples from the siboglinid fields and the bare HMMV sediments. However, the sediment with patches of siboglinids collected outside the volcano was characterised by a diverse nematode community comprising 47 species, whereas the control sediments without siboglinids yielded only 27 species. The nema- tode assemblage at the bacterial mat site included only two identified species, Halomonhystera disjuncta and Sabatieria ornata, with H. disjuncta being strongly dominant. Terschellingia distlamphida, S. ornata and Aponema ninae dominated nematode communities at the siboglinid fields and in bare HMMV sediments. Species dominating at stations inside the caldera were found in comparable low densities in the sediment with siboglinid patches collected out- side the volcano, but were missing in the background samples, where species of Endeolophos, Acantholaimus and Desmoscolex were dominant. Species diversity generally decreased with sediment depth. A subsurface-dwelling nematode com- munity was observed in the siboglinid fields and the bare sediments. Back- ground sediments showed a sharp decline with 18-20 species at 0-2 cm versus three species at 3-5 cm sediment depth. The trophic composition of the nema- tode fauna at the HMMV showed a prevalence of deposit feeders at almost all stations, whereas background sediments exhibited a uniform distribution of non-selective and selective deposit feeders and epistrate feeders. The high per- centage of deposit feeders inside the mud volcano could be related to the grain-size distribution and the significantly higher bacterial biomass compared to the control sediments.
Was Rattus exulans in New Zealand 2000 years ago? AMS Radiocarbon ages from Shag River Mouth

Les resultats des datations radiocarbone par spectrometrie de masse menees sur le collagene d'ossements de Rattus exulans provenant de sites naturels ont ete interpretees comme le temoignage d'une presence humaine en Nouvelle-Zelande il y a plus de 2000 ans. Certaines des determinations menees a Shag River Mouth ont produit des resultats similaires, cependant tres differents de la chronologie radiocarbone du site, precedemment etablie sur plusieurs echantillons de divers materiels archeologiques. Ceci mene a s'interroger sur les effets de reservoir et les capacites des differents processus de pretraitement destines a extraire les contaminants des echantillons de types divers. Les resultats ne corroborent pas l'argument selon lequel Rattus exulans aurait atteint la Nouvelle-Zelande avant l'existence connue d'une population humaine vers 1100 apr. J.-C.
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion syndrome has been the subject of intensive study and experimentation in recent decades since it is responsible for the outcome of several clinical entities, such as major hepatic resections and liver transplantation. In addition to the organ’s post reperfusion injury, this syndrome appears to play a central role in the dysfunction of distant tissues and systems. Thus, continuous research should be directed toward finding effective therapeutic options to improve the outcome and reduce the postoperative morbidity and mortality rates. Treprostinil is a synthetic analog of prostaglandin I2, and its experimental administration has shown encouraging results. It has already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States for pulmonary arterial hypertension and has been used in liver transplantation, where preliminary encouraging results showed its safety and feasibility by using continuous intravenous administration at a dose of 5 ng/kg/min. Treprostinil improves renal and hepatic function, diminishes hepatic oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, reduces hepatictoll-like receptor 9 and inflammation, inhibits hepatic apoptosis and restores hepatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and ATP synthases, which is necessary for functional maintenance of mitochondria. Treprostinil exhibits vasodilatory properties and antiplatelet activity and regulates proinflammatory cytokines; therefore, it can potentially minimize ischemia-reperfusion