Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The epidemiology of poisoning: An Indian view point

The study was carried out between 1994–2000 with three objectives, viz. a) to ascertain the various aspects of deaths due to poisoning, b) to analyze the probable reasons for the same and c) to find remedial measures to bring down the incidence of deaths by poisoning. Only those cases with a positive history of intake of or contact with some poisonous substance, thereby causing death, were included in the study. Age, Sex, Socio-economic and marital status, the poison alleged to have been consumed and its approximate quantity etc., were ascertained from various sources. The incidence in deaths due to poisoning was found to be persistently increasing. The age-group of 21–25 years, followed by 15–20 years, was the most prone to poisoning deaths. Male: female ratio was 2.5:1. Rural: urban ratio was 1.7:1. Among the male victims, married outnumbered the unmarried in rural community, while in the urban, reverse was observed. Among the females married outnumbered the unmarried in both the rural and urban communities. Aluminium Phosphide was found to be the drug of choice for suicides and suicide was the most common mode of poisoning. Based on the conclusions of the study various suggestions relating to decreasing the tensions of the modern mechanical life style, equal status for women in the society, educating the public in general, the rural population and the girl child, in particular; the use, storage and availability of the various insecticides and rodenticides, etc. have been put forward.
Proteome analysis of laser microdissected glomeruli from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded kidneys of autopsies of diabetic patients : nephronectin is associated with the development of diabetic glomerulosclerosis

Background. To date, little proteomic information has been available from the glomeruli of diabetic patients, pos-sibly due to the clinical limitations of renal biopsy in diabetic patients and insufﬁcient quantities of such specimens for proteome analysis. The purpose of the present study was to identify altered protein expression proﬁles in diabetic glomeruli using formalin-ﬁxed parafﬁn-embedded (FFPE) kidney tissues from diabetic patients. Methods. Glomeruli were laser microdissected from FFPE autopsy kidney tissues from 10 patients with diabetic nephropathy and 10 non-diabetic control patients and underwent proteome analysis using QSTAR Elite liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and iTRAQ technology. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 93 autopsy samples from diabetic patients with and without nephropathy ( n ¼ 45 and n ¼ 48, respectively). Results. Thirty-one renal and urological disease-related proteins displayed a differential abundance in glomerular samples from patients with diabetic nephropathy compared with non-diabetic control patients. Among them, we found that nephronectin, which functions in the assembly of extracellular matrix, showed clearly positive immunoreactivity in diabetic glomeruli. The numerical fraction of nephronectin-positive glomerular cross sections was increased signiﬁcantly in diabetic patients with nephropathy compared to those without nephropathy (32.1 6 31.5 versus 4.14 6 5.65%, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, there was a signiﬁcant positive correlation between this numerical fraction of nephronectin-positive glomerular cross sections and the glomerular sclerosis index ( q ¼ 0.881, P < 0.0001, n ¼ 93). Conclusion. The present study demonstrated, for the ﬁrst time, that nephronectin may be associated with the development of diabetic glomerulosclerosis and that proteome analysis with FFPE kidney tissues from diabetic patients with nephropathy is useful in understanding diabetic nephropathy.
Investigation of NKG2D rs1049174G>C Gene Polymorphism in Women with Breast Cancer

Introduction: NKG2D receptor is one of the activator receptors of immune cells. In humans, NKG2D gene has two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)(rs1049174G>C). According to other studies, GG SNP makes a high affinity receptor for NKG2D ligands whereas, CC polymorphism reduces NKG2D affinity for their ligands. The present study investigates NKG2D SNPs in patients with breast cancer in Yazd for the first time. Methods: In this Case-Control study, 108 patients with breast cancer and 108 healthy women were selected from health Care centers of Yazd. Using specific NKG2D primers the gene proliferated and rs1049174G>C polymorphisms were determined by RFLP procedure. Results: according to our statistic analysis, frequency of CC and GG genotypes in the patients were 44.4% and 13% respectively whereas, in the healthy donors the frequency was 71.3% and 6.5%. The difference between the frequency in healthy and patient groups was significant. On the other hand, the frequency of GC genotype in patients was considerably higher than the healthy women (PV, 0.0001). When the relative risk in the patients was determined, it was revealed that women with CC genotype have more susceptibility for breast cancer in comparison with healthy women (CI=95%, 1.31-2.24, OD=1.7). Conclusion: The present study results showed that women with homozygote CC genotype have more chance of breast cancer in Yazd population.
Evaluation of patch test results in patients with contact dermatitis Temas dermatitli hastalarda yama testi sonuçlarinin değerlendirilmesi

Objectives: Patch test is the most reliable method to diagnose allergic contact dermatitis and to find out the re sponsible contact allergen. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the patch test results of patients with contact dermatitis in our region. Materials and methods: One Hundred fifty patients (84 female and 66 male) with contact dermatitis were patch tested with European standard test series. The testing has been standardized by the international Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG). Results: A majority of the lesions (36%) were localized on the hands. In 31 female (58,4%) and 21 male (4,6%) patients (a total of 72 patients) there were positive allergic reactions to at least one chemical. Nickel sulphate (13,3%), potassium dichromate (11,3%) and cobalt chloride (8,6%) were the most often allergens reacted.
NURSE’S PERSPECTIVE ABOUT DISCRIMINATION IN NURSING CARE OF PATIENTS WITH AIDS

Background and Aim: Discriminatory practices toward patients with AIDS is an important challenge in the context of ethical care and patient's rights. Experience of discrimination has negative impacts on the psychological well being of patient's and all aspects of AIDS prevention, follow-up care and treatment. The aim of this study was to identify nurse’s perspective on discrimination in nursing care of patients with AIDS and its related factors. Materials and Method: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of nurses working in internal and infectious wards. The setting was hospitals affiliated with Tehran and Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences . the sample was recruited by census and 165 nurses were selected. Data was collected using self administered questionnaires. The instruments used included: discrimination against AIDS questionnaire, HIV knowledge questionnaire, AIDS Attitude Scale and Risk Perception scale. Data was analyzed by SPSS-PC using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson coefficient correlation. Results: Response rate was 91.6 % of all study sample, 54.5% agreed with present moderately discriminatory practices toward these patients. Nurse’s perspective on discriminatory practices was significantly associated with their knowledge of AIDS transmission (p=0.005), avoidance attitudes toward people with AIDS (p=0.044), and fear of occupational exposure to AIDS (p=0.003). There was a significant difference between mean score of nurses perspective on discrimination with their sex (p=0.033), ward (0.036), and their educational level (p=0.048). Conclusion: It seems that patients with AIDS in Tehran hospitals are treated with discrimination. Reducing discriminatory practices toward these patients would be possible by increasing nurse’s knowledge about universal precautions, ethical issues and patient’s rights.
COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL E EXIGÊNCIAS LÍQUIDAS EM ENERGIA E PROTEÍNA PARA GANHO DE CORDEIROS DE QUATRO GRUPOS GENÉTICOS 1 Body composition and net protein and energy requirements of four genetic groups of lambs

This study was carried out at the Sheep Sector of the Animal Production Department of the Federal University of Lavras, Minas Gerais. The protein, fat and energy body content was evaluated and the net requirements of protein and energy for weight gain of lambs were determined. Forty-eight uncastrated male lambs, pure Santa Ines (SI) and crossed Texel x Santa Ines (TxSI), Ile de France x Santa Ines (IFxSI) and Bergamacia x Santa Ines (BxSI), maintained in feedlot and slaughtered to the 15, 25, 35 and 45 kg of live weight, were used. Regression analyses of the logarithm of protein, fat and energy body content in function of the empty body weight (EBW) logarithm were fitted. The net requirements of protein and energy for weight gain were obtained by derivation of the prediction equations of body composition. A test of comparison of the coefficients of regression of the obtained logarithmic equations was accomplished, which detected differences among the lambs TxSI and the others. The protein body content decreased but fat and energy body content increased in according to the EBW increase, for all genetic groups. The TxSI lambs presented larger net protein and energy requirements for live weight gain than SI, IFxSI and BxSI lambs.
Soybean oil and linseed grains on performance and carcass characteristics of crossbred bulls finished in feedlot Óleo de soja e grãos de linhaça sobre o desempenho e características de carcaça de bovinos cruzados terminados em confinamento

This experiment was carried out to study soybean oil and linseed as feeding alternatives to improve the animal performance and the carcass characteristics of crossbred bulls finished in feedlot for 105 days. There were used 21 bulls with 18 months old randomized in three treatments (n=7): control (CON) which offered concentrate based on corn; soybean oil + linseed grains (LS1); soybean oil + linseed grains (LS2) that had an experimental time divided in two periods: 60 days with soybean oil and the remaining 45 days with soybean oil + linseed grains. No differences (P>0.05) were observed among treatments on the initial body weight (343 kg), final body weight (501 kg), average daily gain (1.50 kg), hot carcass weight (262 kg), carcass dressing (52.4%), fat thickness (5.40 mm), Longissimus area (88.0 cm 2 ), Longissimus area/100 kg (33.7 cm 2 ) dry matter conversion (8.00 kg DM/1 kg of body weight), dry matter intake (11.8 kg), dry matter intake/live body weight (2.80%), crude protein intake (1.20 kg), gross energy intake (52.9 Mcal/day), acid detergent fiber intake (2.30 kg), acid detergent fiber intake/100 kg of live body weight (0.50%), neutral detergent fiber intake (2.38 kg) and neutral detergent fiber intake/100 kg of live body weight (0.90%). Therefore, soybean oil and linseed can be used to replace corn in beef cattle diets without reducing the animal performance and the carcass characteristics.
Unsafe Abortion: A Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital

The study was conducted by the department of Forensic Medicine in collaboration with the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly, U.P. during one year period. A total of 150 married women presented for seeking abortion related services were included in the study. 34.67% women first contacted qualified doctors and equal number of cases reported directly to Rohilkhand Medical College Hospital whereas 30.66% women first contacted to unqualified persons. Among unqualified, quacks constituted major chunk (23.33%), followed by midwives (4%) and nurses (3.33%). Abortion providers unsuccessfully attempted to terminate the pregnancy in 54.67% women by using various abortifacient. In 75.33% of cases, there was no any history of ultrasonographic exposure. None of the cases reported any incidence of physical domestic violence culminating into abortion. Majority of the women (78%) wanted to disclose to her family members or relatives regarding abortion.
Intrauterine Balloon Tamponade in the Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage: Experience at the Royal Medical Services in Jordan

Objective: To describe the practice and efficacy of intrauterine balloon tamponade catheter in two obstetric units and to highlight uterine tamponade as an integral part of the management options of severe post partum hemorrhage in labour ward. Methods: Fourteen cases of severe post partum hemorrhage had persistent bleeding despite the available conservative measures. At this point, the Bakri balloon (Cook Medical) was inserted into the uterine cavity. The balloon was inflated with 300-500 ml of normal saline and left for a maximum of 24 hours, when it was gradually deflated. The procedure was covered by cefoxitin (Mefoxin) 1g three times daily for 48 hours. Simple descriptive statistics (mean, frequency and percentage) were used to describe the study variables. Results: The mean age was 28 (21-35) years. Six patients were primigravidas (43%). The causes of post partum hemorrhage were as follows: Six cases of uterine atony, six cases of placenta praevia accreta and two cases of fibroids. Eight cases followed cesarean section and six cases followed vaginal delivery. The average blood loss was 1.9 L (1.5-3.5 L). In total, 59 units of whole blood, 45 units of FFP and 22 units of platelets were given. On average each patient received 4.2 units of blood, 3.2 units of Fresh frozen plasma and 1.6 units of platelets. Two cases had evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation and received Factor VII (two doses each). The balloon was inflated to an average of 420 ml of Normal Saline (300-500 ml) according to uterine capacity. In 12 cases (86%), the trial was successful and no further surgery was required. In two cases (14%) the trial failed and both of these women underwent hysterectomy. No cases of endometritis were reported in hospitalized patients or on follow up one week after discharge. Conclusion: Intrauterine balloon tamponade is a valid alternative to less conservative surgical procedures in managing women with post partum hemorrhage. It is easy, safe, and effective and preserves fertility. It should be an integral part of labour ward protocols for management of post partum hemorrhage. Suitable catheters should be available on the labour ward theatres.
The Combined Effectiveness of the Semiconductor Laser with Duraphat in the Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity

ABSTRACT Studies of extracted teeth have shown that teeth exhibiting dentin hypersensitivity have larger numbers of widened dentinal tubules at the dentin surface compared to nonsensitive teeth. Various methods and materials used in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity are thought to achieve therapeutic benefit by tubule occlusion. However, the effectiveness of semiconductor laser therapy in the reduction of dentin hypersensitivity without tubules occlusion has been reported. The purposes of this investigation were (1) to evaluate the combined effectiveness of semiconductor laser with Duraphat, and (2) to compare the prolonged effectiveness of semiconductor laser with Duraphat and semiconductor laser in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. Thirty subjects participated in the randomized, double-blind study, and were followed up for 3 months. Two sites were treated on each patient. One received semiconductor laser treatment and the other received semiconductor laser + Duraphat treatment. Laser trea.
Lessons from Experimental Studies

The aim of this review is to perform a critical analysis of experimental studies on aerosolized antibiotics and draw lessons for clinical use in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Ultrasonic or vibrating plate nebulizers should be preferred to jet nebulizers. During the nebulization period, specific ventilator settings aimed at decreasing flow turbulence should be used, and discoordination with the ventilator should be avoided. The appropriate dose of aerosolized antibiotic can be determined as the intravenous dose plus extrapulmonary deposition. If these conditions are strictly respected, then high lung tissue deposition associated with rapid and efficient bacterial killing can be expected. For aerosolized aminoglycosides and cephalosporins, a decrease in systemic exposure leading to reduced toxicity is not proven by experimental studies. Aerosolized colistin, however, does not easily cross the alveolar–capillary membrane even in the presence of severe lung infection, and high doses can be delivered by nebulization without significant systemic exposure.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH KNOWLEDGE OF AGEING AMONG HEALTHCARE RELATED STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA

ABSTRACT Background: With the global increase in elderly population, the quality of care given to older people must be improved. Also, the knowledge that healthcare practitioners and their students possess regarding the elderly is vital to the services provided. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was employed using the proportional Stratified random sampling method encompassing 504 medical students and 64 nursing students. A validated guided self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data among year one to year five medical students and year one to year three nursing students, consisting of socio-demographic characteristics, Facts on Ageing Quiz 2 (FAQ2), filial responsibility, experience living with elderly, exposure to geriatric module. Result: After data collection, only 519 responded (456 Medicine students and 63 Nursing students) bringing about a response rate of 91.4%. The respondents had good knowledge (74%) on ageing. Knowledge of ageing was found to be significantly associated with age (=8.622, p = 0.003), year of study (X 2 =15.882, p = 0.003), marital status (X 2 =7.532, p = 0.023), cared for ill elderly at home (X 2 =9.193, p = 0.002), taken geriatric module (X 2 =15.025, p = 0.001), home visits (X 2 =19.804, p = 0.001), and nursing home visits (X 2 =15.943, p = 0.001). However, there was no predictor found for knowledge of ageing. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the students had good knowledge of ageing and several factors influenced this good knowledge, nevertheless, further intervention programs should be considered as regards knowledge of ageing and geriatric modules in healthcare related programs in order to improve their future performance in practice. Keywords: Ageing knowledge; geriatric modules; elderly; filial responsibility
Falls in a Psychiatric Unit

Our study in a psychiatric ward of a general hospital aims to identify acutely ill psychiatric patients who are at high risk of falls. Patient falls were identified by data collectors after they were reported by hospital staff into the Fall Reporting Risk Management System (RMS). From 2007 to 2009, there were a total of 26 patients who fell in the psychiatric ward. Falls are likely to occur while the patient is ambulating beside the bed and is unlikely to be elimination-related. Slipping or tripping was the most common fall mechanism. There were no life-threatening injuries sustained and the most common type of injury was pain, swelling, contusions and abrasions. Two main patient profiles were identified to be at risk of falls, the first being elderly patients with mood disorders and co-morbid medical conditions such as diabetes. These patients are usually deemed high risk in the fall assessment. The second group of patients is young females with eating disorders and who are not on psychotropic medications. Both groups are likely to be alert and oriented, with no muscle weakness or a history of previous falls.
Traumatic and overuse injuries among elite adolescent alpine skiers : a two-year retrospective analysis : original research article

Background: Injury registrations of competitive young athletes are crucial for injury prevention. Particularly in alpine skiing, limited published data exist. Research question: Aimed to profile the rate of injuries affecting skiers admitted to a ski boarding school. Of particular interest was the comparison of overuse and traumatic injuries during the winter and summer seasons. Type of study: 2-year retrospective survey. Methods: Multiple interviews were conducted with 104 elite alpine skiers, ages 15-18 years, from a ski boarding school in Austria. The injury risk and characteristics of ski specific injuries were evaluated. Results: Overall, 89 skiers reported a total of 235 injuries (88 among females, 147 among males). Of the 61 male skiers, 40 sustained at least one traumatic injury (injury risk = 0.67) and 34 reported an overuse injury (injury risk = 0.56). Of the 43 females, 29 suffered at least one traumatic injury (injury risk = 0.67), and 26 reported an overuse injury (injury risk= 0.60). The risk of sustaining a traumatic injury was higher during the winter season (RR 1.39, 95% CI 1.02-3.42, P<0.05), and these injuries mainly affected the lower extremities. During the summer season, there was a higher risk for overuse injuries (RR 1.46, 95% CI 0.96-2.20, P<0.05), and most of these injuries were localised to the trunk and back. Conclusion: The occurrence of traumatic injuries during the competitive season is high. Overuse injuries accounted for a relatively high proportion of time-loss injuries during summer training, suggesting that we should focus not only on traumatic injuries but also on overuse problems.
Original Article: Prevalence of Hypertension and Association of Obesity with Hypertension in School Ggoing Children of Surat City, Western India.

Purpose: The association of obesity with hypertension has been recognized for the decades which are the important risk factors for the cardiovascular disease. So the purpose of the present study was to determine association of obesity with hypertension in school going children of Surat. Methodology: School going children aged between 12-18 years, of five schools in Surat were selected for the study. Height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. Blood pressure measurements were taken as per recommendation of American heart society and family history of hypertension has also been assessed. Hypertension was considered if blood pressure is more than 95th percentile according to the update of task force report and Obesity was diagnosed by BMI for age. Results: Of 682 children, 8.94% were obese and 20.09% were hypertensive. Conclusion: Obesity is strongly associated with hypertension in children and both together may risk factors for later coronary disease.
Influenza A/H1N1 2009 in Pregnancy- Experience in Tamilnadu, India

Infection with influenza A/H1N1 2009 has been reported worldwide following initial identification of the virus in April 2009. The groups at highest risk for infection and influenza-related complications include pregnant women and children. We have analyzed H1N1 2009 positives among pregnant women in Tamilnadu during and after the outbreak. After initial reports of infection in pregnant women, we began systematically collecting additional information about pregnant women with H1N1 2009 virus infection as part of enhanced surveillance. A total of 126 antenatal women were screened during this period, of this 27 (21.4%) were positive for H1N1 2009 and 14 (11.1%) were positive for Seasonal flu (12 A/H3 and 2 Flu B). Fifteen of the H1N1 2009 positive women had crossed 29 weeks of gestation. It was the 18–30 age group which was highly affected by both H1N1 2009 and seasonal Flu. Among the non pregnant women population, 206 (2.7%) patients were H1N1 2009 positive and 106 (1.4%) were positive for seasonal Flu. It was observed that pregnant women were at increased risk for acquiring H1N1 2009 infection than the non pregnant population. These data lend support to the present recommendation to promptly treat pregnant women with antiinfluenza drugs and to initiate vaccination.