Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Foraminiferal paleobathymetry and mid-cycle architecture of mid-Pleistocene depositional sequences, Wanganui Basin, New Zealand

Mid-Pleistocene strata in the Castlecliff section of New Zealand show a cyclic alternation of shoreline to shelf lithofacies. A typical cycle is bounded by erosional disconformities, and shows a threefold subdivision. The lower unit is characterized by a basal cross-bedded shell-rich gravel, which is overlain by shoreline-nearshore siltstones, and/or sandstones. The middle unit is disconformity bounded, and is characterized by condensed shellbed facies deposited in terrigenous, sediment starved, inner-shelf settings. The upper unit comprises relatively thick and monotonous successions of shelf siltstone. Castlecliff cycles are interpreted as depositional sequences, driven by glacio-eustatic sea-level fluctuation. The component facies successions represent transgressive systems tracts (TST), mid-cycle condensed shellbeds (MCS), and highstand systems tracts (HST), respectively. Six Castlecliffian foraminiferal associations have been defined, and their paleodepth significance determined by uniformitarian comparison with modern New Zealand faunas. The shallowest (shoreface-innermost shelf) faunas are confined to TST successions, while the deepest faunas (outer inner-shelf) are confined to HST successions. The stratigraphic position of maximum paleodepth, and therefore the position of the conceptual maximum flooding surface (MFS), varies. Sequences in which the maximum paleodepth occurs within the mid-cycle condensed shellbed closely correspond to ideal sequence models, in which conditions of maximum sediment starvation coincide with maximum paleodepth. Sequences showing maximum paleodepths in HST shelf siltstones indicate that the MFS may not necessarily be coincident with mid-cycle condensed facies or their associated disconformities. Sequences with maximum foraminiferal paleodepths spanning some or all of MCS-JST successions indicate that the MFS may be represented as an interval rather than a specific disconformity or stratal surface. These results suggest that the MFS concept, as a means to separate TST from HST strata, may be of little use in shoreline inner-shelf paleogeographic settings.
Depression, anxiety, and burnout in academia: topic modeling of PubMed abstracts

The problem of mental health in academia is increasingly discussed in literature, and to extract meaningful insights from the growing amount of scientific publications, text mining approaches are used. In this study, BERTopic, an advanced method of topic modeling, was applied to abstracts of 2,846 PubMed articles on depression, anxiety, and burnout in academia published in years 1975–2023. BERTopic is a modular technique comprising a text embedding method, a dimensionality reduction procedure, a clustering algorithm, and a weighing scheme for topic representation. A model was selected based on the proportion of outliers, the topic interpretability considerations, topic coherence and topic diversity metrics, and the inevitable subjectivity of the criteria was discussed. The selected model with 27 topics was explored and visualized. The topics evolved differently with time: research papers on students' pandemic-related anxiety and medical residents' burnout peaked in recent years, while publications on psychometric research or internet-related problems are yet to be presented more amply. The study demonstrates the use of BERTopic for analyzing literature on mental health in academia and sheds light on areas in the field to be addressed by further research.
Screening for Frequency of Occurrence of Mutations of Exon 28 of ABCC8 Gene in Egyptian Patients with Congenital Hyperinsulinism

Background: Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a severe inherited form of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH). It can occur as a result of several gene mutations. The most prevalent are mutations of the ABCC8 gene, which codes for the sulphonylurea receptor 1 subunit (SUR-1) of the potassium-sensitive ATP channels located on the pancreatic B-cells. Aim of the study: to identify mutations of exon 28 of the ABCC8 gene in patients with CHI. Patients and Methods: Thirteen patients diagnosed with CHI, aged from 1 day to 18 years, following up in the Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism Pediatric Unit, Abo ElReesh Children’s Hospital, Cairo University were recruited. Clinical and biochemical data were collected through history taking, physical examination, and revising patients’ medical records. Genetic analysis of exon 28 of the ABCC8 gene was done using DNA sequencing. Results: The results of the DNA sequencing of exon 28 of the ABCC8 gene and its intronic boundaries detected no abnormalities in the study group except for one case which revealed an intronic homozygous variant on intron 28 (rs1954399854) of uncertain significance. Conclusion: Mutations of the ABCC8 gene account for around 40-50% of CHI cases. To our knowledge, there are no sufficient studies in the Egyptian population to detect mutations of the ABCC8 gene, which necessitated conducting this study. Exon 28 of the ABCC8 gene was the only exon tested due to limited resources and self-funding. This did not reveal significant mutations. Further research is warranted to detect other ABCC8 gene mutations in the Egyptian population.
Chapter 3 Dual-chamber-conduit models of non-linear dynamics behaviour at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat

Abstract Modern geophysical data recorded during lava dome building eruptions indicate the presence of multiple connected magma storage regions. Most numerical models for lava dome eruptions assume a single magma chamber fed from below with a constant or prescribed time dependent influx rate and connected to the Earth surface through a conduit. Here we present a development of the model of extrusive eruptions considering a system made of two magma chambers located in elastic rocks and connected by a dyke between each other. We use locations and volumes of the magma chambers inferred for Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat from ground deformation studies and seismic tomography. The model shows cyclic behaviour with a period that depends on the intensity of the influx rate, the volumes and shape of the two chambers and the degree of connectivity of the two reservoirs. For a weak connectivity the overpressure in the lower chamber stays nearly constant during the cycle and the influx of fresh magma into the shallow chamber is also nearly constant. For a strong connectivity between the chambers their overpressure increases or decreases during the cycle in a synchronous way.
Tide-induced Changes in the Phytoplankton Communities of three Amazon Estuaries (Pará - Northern Brazil)

Sodre, D. K. L. , Matos, J. B. , Costa, K. G. da, Pereira, L. C. C. and Costa, R. M. da, 2011. Tide-induced Changes in the Phytoplankton Communities of three Amazon Estuaries (Para – Northern Brazil). Journal of Coastal Research, SI 64 (Proceedings of the 11th International Coastal Symposium), 1574 – 1578. Szczecin, Poland, ISSN 0749-0208 The present study focused on the composition and density of phytoplankton in three Amazon estuaries, and on the effects of hydrological variables on community dynamics. Subsurface water samples were collected at three stations in October (spring tide) and November, 2007 (neap tide). Water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a concentrations were also measured. Samples for qualitative analyses were obtained by horizontal hauls using a 64 µm-mesh plankton net. Additional water samples were collected for quantitative analyses. Plankton density was measured by Utermohl’s method, and the data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and cluster analysis. Mean salinity ranged from 0 to 11.0 psu, water temperature from 27.9 to 28.8 oC, dissolved oxygen from 4.9 to 6.2 mg.L -1 , and pH from 6.7 to 7.7. Seventy-three microphytoplankton taxa were identified, with a predominance of diatoms at all three sites. Phytoflagellates were the most abundant group. Biomass ranged from 5.10 mg.m -3 to 25.74 mg.m -3 . Diversity varied from 0.73 to 2.84 bits.cell -1 , while evenness ranged from 0.20 to 0.61. Cluster analysis revealed the formation of two groups. The results indicate that the proximity to marine waters and consequent fluctuations in salinity levels were the primary determinant of the spatial distribution of phytoplankton at the three sites. Tide levels also had an effect, with the highest densities and biomass being recorded during neap tides, when the water was less turbulent, and the greatest diversity being observed during spring tides, when the inflow of water – and new species – from adjacent areas was most accentuated.
Sexual Harassment and its Impact in Females at Workplace in Dhanusha District, Madhesh Province, Nepal

INTRODUCTION: The violence of sexual harassment at workplace is problematic issue in the community for females. It has a direct bearing on the workplace productivity as well as the development of the society. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effects of sexual harassment on health and daily performances of female employees. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive study was carried out in Dhanusha district of Madhesh province of Nepal from March, 2022 to April 2022. The study was conducted in different organizations (workplace) situated in Dhanusha district which were selected purposely. The sample size was 120 working females. Banks, schools, hospitals, and shopping centres were the selected female working places in this study. Face to face interview was conducted through structured questionnaire for the 120 females who gave the permission for interview. RESULTS: The present study demonstrated that 61.67 % respondents exhibited to possess the knowledge about sexual harassment however, 38.33% of the female respondents demonstrated to be unaware about sexual harassment at their workplace. Among the total numbers of female participating in the research, 29% of the females had experienced the incidence of sexual harassment. Majority of respondents (25.71%) working efficacy had reduced after being suffered from sexual harassment and 5.71% had changed their job. 5.71% females suffered from headache and body ache, 5.71% suffered from high blood pressure, 22.86% suffered from anorexia, 20% suffered from restlessness/insomnia, 17.14% suffered from fatigue, 14.29% suffered from anxiety, 11.43% faced depression and 2.86% had lost their body weight. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual harassment for females at work place affects them physically as well as mentally. Therefore, awareness programme should be conducted time to time and anti-sexual harassment policy should be implemented at workplace.
In-vitro Comparative Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and LC-MS/MS Analysis of Ocimum basilicum and Origanum vulgare extracts in Saudi Arabia

edicinal plants have shown to be a bountiful wellspring of organically dynamic mixtures for the improvement of new lead synthetic substances for drugs. Screening of Ocimum basilicum and Origanum vulgare plant extricates affirms the presence of different phytochemicals like carbs, cardiovascular glycosides, coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoid, steroids and phenols in the chose plants. Different phytochemicals as anthraquinone, alkaloids, saponins, proteins and phytosterols were identified and shifted considering the plant constituents. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the Origanum vulgare L. and Ocimum basilicum plant extracts were evaluated by DPPH and by the agar well-diffusion method, respectively. LC-MS/MS analysis of O. basilicum and O. vulgare e xtracts showed the presence of 14 different compounds. The results confirmed the role of these extracts as promising potent antioxidants and moderate antimicrobial agents. The aim of this investigation was to ascertain the phytochemical screening, the antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and LC-MS/MS analysis of Origanum vulgare and Ocimum basilicum ethanolic extract that obtained from AlBaha in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Experience with Management of Radial Polydactyly: The Multicenter Analysis of 28 Surgical Procedures with Follow-Up

Radial polydactyly or thumb duplication is a relatively common congenital malformation of the hand, whereby the surgical techniques can be broadly divided into simple excisions, reconstructions and a Bilhaut-Cloquet procedure. The aim of this study was to identify the appropriate surgical procedures and to present the clinical outcomes that can be achieved. We performed a multicenter analysis of cases of radial polydactyly surgically treated with reconstruction or a Bilhaut-Cloquet procedure between 2015 and 2022. The clinical outcome was assessed using a modification of the Tada score. A total of 28 cases of 27 patients with radial polydactyly were included in the study. The most common Wassel type was type IV (13 cases), and the most common surgical procedure was reconstruction (24 cases). Our study validates an algorithm from the literature as a helpful tool for decision making in selecting a surgical technique for radial polydactyly, although individual surgical experience should also be considered.
BIOEROSION OF THE PLIO-PLEISTOCENE TRANSGRESSION OF SOUTHERN ITALY

During the Pliocene and Lower Pleistocene, the structural unit of the Murge was largely submerged by a marine transgression. As the sea advanced, the limestone basement surface was invaded by bioeroding organisms whose borings are well preserved through burial by the calcareous sediments of the Calcarenite di Gravina formation. The tilted—block topography of the submerging Murge unit produced different coastal environments ranging from protected gentle slopes to exposed vertical clifflines. Details of the bioerosion were examined at four localities that cover a range of those environments. The 35 ichnotaxa recognized (excluding microborings) are treated taxonomically where necessary, and their relative distributions and occurrences are studied. Three new ichnospecies are erected: Gastrochaenolites cor, Maeandropolydora barocca and M. crassa. Four recurring assemblages are recognized: Caulostrepsis/ Maeandropolydora assemblage, G. cor assemblage, G. torpedo/ Entobian assemblage and a High Diversity Entobian—Dominated assemblage. All four indicate shallow marine environments, their relative distributions being influenced by environmental factors such as the attitude of the substrate surface and the hydrodynamic energy level.
AC-UNet: an improved UNet-based method for stem and leaf segmentation in Betula luminifera

Plant phenotypic traits play an important role in understanding plant growth dynamics and complex genetic traits. In phenotyping, the segmentation of plant organs, such as leaves and stems, helps in automatically monitoring growth and improving screening efficiency for large-scale genetic breeding. In this paper, we propose an AC-UNet stem and leaf segmentation algorithm based on an improved UNet. This algorithm aims to address the issues of feature edge information loss and sample breakage in the segmentation of plant organs, specifically in Betula luminifera. The method replaces the backbone feature extraction network of UNet with VGG16 to reduce the redundancy of network information. It adds a multi-scale mechanism in the splicing part, an optimized hollow space pyramid pooling module, and a cross-attention mechanism in the expanding network part at the output end to obtain deeper feature information. Additionally, Dice_Boundary is introduced as a loss function in the back-end of the algorithm to circumvent the sample distribution imbalance problem. The PSPNet model achieves mIoU of 58.76%, mPA of 73.24%, and Precision of 66.90%, the DeepLabV3 model achieves mIoU of 82.13%, mPA of 91.47%, and Precision of 87.73%, on the data set. The traditional UNet model achieves mIoU of 84.45%, mPA of 91.11%, and Precision of 90.63%, and the Swin-UNet model achieves . The mIoU is 79.02%, mPA is 85.99%, and Precision is 88.73%. The AC-UNet proposed in this article achieved excellent performance on the Swin-UNet dataset, with mIoU, mPA, and Precision of 87.50%, 92.71%, and 93.69% respectively, which are better than the selected PSPNet, DeepLabV3, traditional UNet, and Swin-UNet. Commonly used semantic segmentation algorithms. Experiments show that the algorithm in this paper can not only achieve efficient segmentation of the stem and leaves of Betula luminifera but also outperforms the existing state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of both speed. This can provide more accurate auxiliary support for the subsequent acquisition of plant phenotypic traits.
Subdiurnal Stratocumulus Cloud Fraction Variability and Sensitivity to Precipitation

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of subtropical marine stratocumulus cloud fraction variability using a 30-min and 3° × 3° cloud fraction dataset from 2003 to 2010. Each of the three subtropical marine stratocumulus regions has distinct diurnal characteristics, but the southeast (SE) Pacific and SE Atlantic are more similar to each other than to the northeast (NE) Pacific. The amplitude and season-to-season diurnal cycle variations are larger in the Southern Hemisphere regions than in the NE Pacific. Net overnight changes in cloud fraction on 3° × 3° scales are either positive or neutral >77% of the time in the NE Pacific and >88% of the time in the SE Pacific and SE Atlantic. Cloud fraction often increases to 100% by dawn when cloud fraction at dusk is >30%. In the SE Pacific and SE Atlantic, a typical decrease in cloud area (median ≤ −5.7 × 105 km2) during the day is equivalent to 25% or more of the annual-mean cloud deck area. Time series for 3° × 3° areas where cloud fraction was ≥90% sometime .
Input-Output Analysis: Which Tax Incentive for Natural Resources Downstream Is Suitable for Indonesian Economy?

Indonesian government's policy to promote downstream natural resources leads to tax incentives policy intended to encourage the downstream. This study focuses on corporate income tax incentives in the form of net income reduction (tax allowance according to Article 31A of the Income Tax Law) by 30 percent for 6 years or corporate income tax reduction (tax holiday according to Minister of Finance Regulation Number 130/PMK.010 /2020) by 100 percent or 50 percent. Despite the positive or negative impact of tax incentives enactment argued in the previous studies, this study will calculate the impact on the economy provided by the mentioned tax incentive schemes quantitatively and will analyze which tax incentive scheme gives the greater impact on the economy. The analysis was carried out by using input-output analysis method to calculate the impact from output approach on secondary data in the form of the latest input output table released by Badan Pusat Statistik i.e., 2016 input output table. The result of the study shows that tax incentive in the form of tax holiday with income tax reduction by 100 percent provides greater impact on the economy than the others do. The total impact is getting greater and shows comparable results as the tax incentive rate increases. However, the result of this study implies that the implementation of tax incentives still needs the right tax incentive policy design to gain the expected results.
SAGE II inversion algorithm

This paper provides a detailed description of the current operational SAGE II multichannel data inversion algorithm implemented at NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia. This algorithm is compared to an independently developed inversion algorithm from the Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, University of Lille, Lille, France. Inverted aerosol and ozone profiles from these two algorithms are shown to be similar within their respective uncertainties.
Health Benefits of Oily Fish: Illustrated with Blue Shark (Prionace glauca), Shortfin Mako Shark (Isurus oxyrinchus), and Swordfish (Xiphias gladius)

Oily fish is a rich source of energy, proteins, essential amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and minerals. Among the macronutrients with the highest contribution are lipids, mainly long-chain omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LC-PUFA), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Both EPA and DHA play a beneficial role in promoting health and preventing many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke and acute myocardial infarction. They also contribute to the prevention of neurological, metabolic, and immune-system-related diseases, as well as supporting body-weight control. Oily fish consumption is also important at different stages of human life, from conception to old age. For example, DHA plays an important role in brain and retina development during fetal development and in the first two years of life, as it positively influences neurodevelopment, such as visual acuity, and cognitive functions. In contrast with the possible health benefits of the intake of oily fish, the presence of certain chemical pollutants, for example, heavy metals, can be a risk for the health of consumers, mainly in sensitive population groups such as pregnant women and children under 2 years of age. The presence of these pollutants is influenced to a greater extent by fish species, their role in the trophic chain, and their size. However, various studies state that the benefits outweigh the risk of consuming certain species. This review will be focused on the health benefits of the intake of three oily fish species, namely blue shark (Prionace glauca), shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus), and swordfish (Xiphias gladius).
Insight into Organization of Gliadin and Glutenin Extracted from Gluten Modified by Phenolic Acids

The changes in the secondary structure of individual gluten protein fractions (gliadin and glutenin) caused by the supplementation of model dough with eight phenolic acids were analysed. Gliadins and glutenins were extracted from gluten samples obtained from overmixed dough. The changes in the gliadin secondary structure depended on the amount of phenolic acid added to the dough. Higher acid concentrations (0.1% and 0.2%) led to a significant reduction in the amount of α-helices and to the formation of aggregates, non-ordered secondary structures, and antiparallel β-sheets. After the addition of acids at a lower concentration (0.05%), the disaggregation of pseudo-β-sheet structures and the formation of β-turns, hydrogen-bonded β-turns, and antiparallel β-sheets were detected. In the case of glutenin, most of the phenolic acids induced the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the polypeptide chains, leading to glutenin aggregation. When phenolic acids were added at a concentration of 0.05%, the process of protein folding and regular secondary structure formation was also observed. In this system, antiparallel β-sheets and β-turns were created at the expense of pseudo-β-sheets.
Factors Related to Obstructive Sleep Apnea According to Age: A Descriptive Study

This descriptive study aimed to identify the factors influencing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by age between middle-aged and elderly people. These groups have not been evaluated separately until now. This study is a secondary analysis of data from the Eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2021. Of the 3942 participants with OSA in this study, 2397 were middle-aged and 1545 were elderly, and 2509 had low risk and 1433 had moderate–high risk. Age-specific factors related to their OSA were identified using complex sample logistic regression. Factors associated with OSA in middle-aged individuals included the number of household members, smoking, subjective health, and subjective body image. Smoking and subjective health were significantly related to OSA in elderly people. Not smoking was 0.23 times less likely than smoking to be associated with OSA, and 0.3 times less likely when participants were healthy than when unhealthy. Hence, influencing factors differed depending on the age of individuals with OSA. Therefore, to develop public health measures, it may be more effective to establish intervention strategies to improve symptoms and prevent complications in middle-aged and elderly patients with OSA by distinguishing and applying influential age-specific factors.