Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) for Phentermine–Topiramate to Prevent Exposure During Pregnancy

BACKGROUND The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved phentermine-topiramate for obesity in 2012 and required a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) to prevent prenatal exposure. No such requirement was introduced for topiramate. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the rate of prenatal exposure, contraceptive use, and pregnancy testing among patients with phentermine-topiramate compared with topiramate or other antiobesity medications (AOMs). DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Nationwide health insurance claims database. PARTICIPANTS Females aged 12 to 55 years with no infertility diagnosis or sterilization procedure. Patients with other indications for topiramate were excluded to identify a cohort that was likely treated for obesity. MEASUREMENTS Patients initiated use of phentermine-topiramate, topiramate, or an AOM (liraglutide, lorcaserin, or bupropion-naltrexone). Pregnancy at treatment initiation, conception during treatment, contraceptive use, and pregnancy testing outcomes were ascertained. Measurable confounders were adjusted for, and extensive sensitivity analyses were done. RESULTS A total of 156 280 treatment episodes were observed. Adjusted prevalence of pregnancy at treatment initiation was 0.9 versus 1.6 per 1000 episodes (prevalence ratio, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.31 to 0.95]) for phentermine-topiramate versus topiramate. The incidence rate of conception during treatment was 9.1 versus 15.0 per 1000 person-years (rate ratio, 0.61 [CI, 0.40 to 0.91]) for phentermine-topiramate versus topiramate. Both outcomes were similarly lower for phentermine-topiramate compared with AOM. Prenatal exposure was marginally lower in topiramate users compared with AOM users. Approximately 20% of patients in all cohorts had at least 50% of treatment days covered by contraceptives. Few patients had pregnancy tests before treatment (≤5%), but this was more common among phentermine-topiramate users. LIMITATIONS Outcome misclassification; unmeasured confounding due to lack of prescriber data to account for possible clustering and spillover effects. CONCLUSION Prenatal exposure seemed to be significantly lower among phentermine-topiramate users under the REMS. Pregnancy testing and contraceptive use appeared to be inadequate for all groups, which deserves attention to prevent the remaining potential exposures. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE None.
MATCHED FIELD INVERSION OF BROADBAND DATA USING THE FREEZE BATH METHOD

This paper presents a statistical freeze bath method for geoacoustic inversion that emphasizes the search for a distribution of models that fit the data well. Contrary to simulated annealing optimization, the freeze bath samples the multidimensional model parameter space at constant freeze probability, corresponding to fixed temperatures for each parameter. The sampling process uses a heat bath algorithm as a Boltzmann sampling tool to carry out a global search over the model parameter space. The conventional heat bath algorithm is modified to sample on a fuzzy grid in order to access the entire range of parameter values. The inversion provides a set of good models that indicates how well the model parameters are constrained by the data, and reveals the degree of correlation between parameters. The efficiency of the search process is improved by reparameterizing the original model parameters to a new set based on the eigenvectors of the model covariance matrix. The inversion performance of the freeze bath.
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS IN ANESTHETIZED CAPTIVE RED PANDAS (AILURUS FULGENS)

Abstract: A recent review of mortality in captive red pandas (Ailurus fulgens) listed cardiac pathology as the most common cause of death in the adult age group. The aim of this study was to describe the standard echocardiographic variables in 13 captive, healthy, adult red pandas that underwent an elective health examination. In addition, differences between the two subspecies of red panda, A. f. styani than in A. f. fulgens, and association of these echocardiographic variables with age, sex, and body condition score, were examined. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with isoflurane inhalant anesthetic. All animals underwent a full physical examination and comprehensive echocardiogram including 2D, M-mode, and Doppler modes of ultrasound examination. Mean and SD of the echocardiographic variables are reported. Systolic performance was considered subnormal due to the effect of the anesthetic agent. The echocardiographic variables were similar for the two subspecies and sexes, with the exception of the left atrial dimension (2D), which measured larger (P= 0.03) in A. f. styani than in A. f. fulgens, and left ventricular internal diameter in diastole, which measured larger (P = 0.04) in males than females. Several echocardiographic measurements were correlated with age (P < 0.05), whereas the only measurement that significantly correlated with body condition score was end diastolic volume (P = 0.01). These results provide ranges that can offer guidance for predicting cardiac disease in red panda.
POSTVACCINAL VIRAL DISEASE PRESENTATION IN TWO LITTERS OF CHEETAHS (ACINONYX JUBATUS)

Abstract: Protective antibody titers against core vaccines have not been standardized for cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) under human care. Vaccine-induced disease has been suspected after administration of modified live virus vaccine (MLVV), but it has not been confirmed as the causative agent. MLVV and killed virus vaccines (KVV) elicit humoral response in cheetahs; however, the use of both vaccines for initial immunization in cheetah cubs <6 months old within the same population has not been reported. The current case series describes viral disease presentation in two cheetah litters after using both vaccines and presents results for serum neutralization titers against feline calicivirus (FCV) and feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) and hemagglutination inhibition titers against feline panleukopenia virus (FPV). For Litter 1, MLVV was administered at 6 and 9 wk old. On week 11, one male developed ocular, oral, and dermal lesions. Viral isolation recovered FCV. Because of suspected vaccine-induced FCV, KVV was administered on weeks 13 and 16. Litter 2 was vaccinated with KVV via the same vaccination schedule. Fifty-three days after the last booster, two cubs presented with ocular, respiratory, and oral clinical signs; both were PCR positive for FHV-1. Serology reported a better anamnestic response and protective titers against FCV and FPV with the protocol used with Litter 1. In Litter 2, FCV and FHV-1 titer measurement failed in three of four cubs, limiting comparison of titers between litters. In spite of limited measurements, absence of a statistical evaluation, and presence of infection, serology showed a better humoral response when MLVV was used.
DEGENERATIVE CARDIAC DISEASE IN TWO SPECIES OF TORTOISE (CHELONOIDIS NIGRA COMPLEX, CENTROCHELYS SULCATA)

Abstract: Cardiac lesions in tortoises are incompletely described in the literature. This retrospective case series includes 11 cases of degenerative cardiac disease in young tortoises from two species in human care: Galápagos tortoise complex (Chelonoidis nigra complex) (n = 9) and sulcata tortoises (Centrochelys sulcata) (n = 2). Eight tortoises were male, two were female, and sex was undetermined for one individual. The age range at the time of death was 10–32 yr with a mean of 19 yr. The most common clinical signs noted prior to death were peripheral edema, lethargy, and inappetence. Common necropsy findings included generalized edema and pericardial effusion. All cases had ventricular myocardial fibrosis and several cases had epicardial adhesions. Additional common findings included hepatic lesions (hepatic lipidosis, hepatic fibrosis, and hepatitis) and pulmonary lesions (pulmonary edema, pulmonary fibrosis, and pneumocytic hypertrophy). A definitive cause for degenerative cardiac disease was not identified in this case series, but the young age distribution of the tortoises suggests that inappropriate environmental parameters, husbandry, and diet should be investigated as possible underlying contributing factors.
The Composite Shape and Structure of Braid Patterns in Kelvin-Helmholtz Billows Observed with a Sodar

The structure and dynamic characteristics of the Kelvin‐Helmholtz billows (KHB), observed with a sodar in the stable atmospheric boundary layer, are studied by means of composite analysis, which consists in the averaging of samples selected according to certain criteria. Using a specific kind of this method allowed the authors to obtain the fine structure of the perturbation velocity fields from the sodar data. The events of most pronounced KHB were visually selected from echograms of continuous sodar measurements in the Moscow region over 2008‐10. The composite patterns of KHB have been constructed for a few cases of clear inclined‐ stripes echogram patterns to derive a typical finescale structure of billows and a spatial distribution of wind speedandshear withinthem.Theinterconnectionbetweenechointensityandwind shearvariations within such patterns is shown. The typical distributions of velocity perturbation within various forms of billows are found.
Occamy: Elastically Sharing a SIMD Co-processor across Multiple CPU Cores

SIMD extensions are widely adopted in multi-core processors to exploit data-level parallelism. However, when co-running workloads on different cores, compute-intensive workloads cannot take advantage of the underutilized SIMD lanes allocated to memoryintensive workloads, reducing the overall performance. This paper proposes Occamy, a SIMD co-processor that can be shared by multiple CPU cores, so that their co-running workloads can spatially share its SIMD lanes. The key idea is to enable elastic spatial sharing by dynamically partitioning all the SIMD lanes across different workloads based on their phase behaviors, so that each workload may execute in variable-length SIMD mode. We also introduce an Occamy compiler to support such variable-length vectorization by analyzing such phase behaviors and generating the vectorized code that works with varying vector lengths. We demonstrate that Occamy can improve SIMD utilization, and consequently, performance over three representative SIMD architectures, with negligible chip area cost.
Factors that Affect the Adoption of Digital Bank in Indonesia

The purpose of this paper is to examine a model that explains the factors that influence Indonesian customers to adopt digital banks. Digital bank is defined as a conventional bank that transforms digitally using IoTs, Big Data, and AI in industrial revolution 4.0 era and focuses on developing its services to help customers carry out their banking activity The model proposed was based on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 (UTAUT2) model. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was conducted to analyze the data collected from the questionnaires that are collected from 100 Indonesia digital banking users, the data collected were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. The result of this paper shows that behavioral intention is significantly influenced by Habit, Trust, Price Value, Performance expectancy, Social Influence. This study provided important contribution to practitioners to know what change that is need, Indonesian Bank to know how to deal with digital bank customers, and digital bank users to know what is digital bank and its function. This study was conducted only in Indonesia which may limit various culture that exist in other country that can lead to different results in future research
Driven to Distraction: Examining the Influence of Distractors on Search Behaviours, Performance and Experience

Advertisements, sponsored links, clickbait, in-house recommendations and similar elements pervasively shroud featured content. Such elements vie for people’s attention, potentially distracting people from their task at hand. The effects of such “distractors” is likely to increase people’s cognitive workload and reduce their performance as they need to work harder to discern the relevant from non-relevant. In this paper, we investigate how people of varying cognitive abilities (measured using Perceptual Speed and Cognitive Failure instruments) are affected by these different types of distractions when completing search tasks. We performed a crowdsourced within-subjects user study, where 102 participants completed four search tasks using our news search engine over four different interface conditions: (i) one with no additional distractors; (ii) one with advertisements; (iii) one with sponsored links; and (iv) one with in-house recommendations. Our results highlight a number of important trends and findings. Participants perceived the interface condition without distractors as significantly better across numerous dimensions. Participants reported higher satisfaction, lower workload, higher topic recall, and found it easier to concentrate. Behaviourally, participants issued queries faster and clicked results earlier when compared to the interfaces with distractors. When using the interfaces with distractors, one in ten participants clicked on a distractor—and despite engaging with a distractor for less than twenty seconds, their task time increased by approximately two minutes. We found that the effects were magnified depending on cognitive abilities—with a greater impact of distractors on participants with lower perceptual speed, and for those with a higher propensity of cognitive failures. Distractors—regardless of their type—have negative consequences on a user’s search experience and performance. As a consequence, interfaces containing visually distracting elements are creating poorer search experiences due to the “distractor tax” being placed on people’s limited attention.
The effect of research video abstract presentation style on viewer comprehension and engagement

This study investigated the effect of video abstract (VA) presentation style (slideshow versus animation) on viewer comprehension and user engagement. Video abstracts, short video presentations of journal articles, were selected and used in a randomized between-subjects experiment (N = 290) with Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) participants. The Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML) informed the selection of VAs. Barrett’s Taxonomy of Cognitive and Affective Dimensions of Reading Comprehension (Barrett’s Taxonomy) was used to develop comprehension measures focused on recall and summarization, and user engagement was measured using a questionnaire. The study found that: 1) comprehension outcomes did not vary between slideshow and animation style VAs, 2) animation VAs were perceived to be more engaging than slideshow VAs, and 3) user engagement was weakly negatively correlated with comprehension scores. In other words, animation VAs attracted viewers with their content, but did not lead to increased comprehension. In fact, viewers in the study who reported higher levels of engagement had slightly lower comprehension outcomes.
Hyperscale Hardware Optimized Neural Architecture Search

Recent advances in machine learning have leveraged dramatic increases in computational power, a trend expected to continue in the future. This paper introduces the first Hyperscale Hardware Optimized Neural Architecture Search (H2O-NAS) to automatically design accurate and performant machine learning models tailored to the underlying hardware architecture. H2O-NAS consists of three key components: a new massively parallel “one-shot” search algorithm with intelligent weight sharing, which can scale to search spaces of O(10280) and handle large volumes of production traffic; hardware-optimized search spaces for diverse ML models on heterogeneous hardware; and a novel two-phase hybrid performance model and a multi-objective reward function optimized for large scale deployments. H2O-NAS has been implemented around state-of-the-art machine learning models (e.g. convolutional models, vision transformers, and deep learning recommendation models) and deployed at zettaflop scale in production. Our results demonstrate significant improvements in performance (22% ∼ 56%) and energy efficiency (17% ∼25%) at same or better quality. Our solution is designed for largescale deployment, streamlining privacy and security processes and reducing manual overhead. This facilitates a smooth and automated transition from research to production.
SearchIdea: An Idea Generation Tool to Support Creativity in Academic Search

Users searching for information in academic contexts often need to compare different perspectives, organize search results, and synthesize topics. To support people’s creative thinking processes while searching for academic information, we developed SearchIdea, a Web-based online tool, that enables users to actively interact with search results beyond evaluation and selection. Through its three primary features–search-results, SearchMapper, and IdeaMapper–SearchIdea allows users to add saved search results to SearchMapper for comparison, prioritization, and rearrangement. Using IdeaMapper, users can elicit keywords from search results, brainstorm, and organize ideas while identifying relationships among ideas. We also developed a baseline tool, IdeaPad, which provides users with a simple pad for writing and editing text. We then conducted an evaluation study with 58 students at a university in the United States. The study subjects were assigned to either SearchIdea or IdeaPad and performed two search tasks: (1) generating as many ideas as possible, and (2) selecting the best idea after generating multiple ideas. The results showed that subjects using SearchIdea entered more unique search terms, generated longer queries, and engaged with search results more actively than those who used IdeaPad. The SearchIdea users reported higher ratings for idea generation in terms of synthesizing and organizing ideas than did the IdeaPad users. The findings of our study provide insights into how an idea generation tool can connect search activities with creative thinking processes in order to generate more and better ideas.
PipeSynth: Automated Synthesis of Microarchitectural Axioms for Memory Consistency

Formal verification can help ensure the correctness of today’s processors. However, such formal verification requires formal specifications of the processors being verified. Today, these specifications are mostly written by hand, which is tedious and error-prone. Furthermore, architects and hardware engineers generally do not have formal methods experience, making it even harder for them to write formal specifications. Existing methods for the automated synthesis of formal microarchitectural specifications utilise RTL implementations of processors for their synthesis, preventing their usage until RTL implementation of the processor has completed. This hampers the effectiveness of formal verification for processors, as catching design bugs pre-RTL can reduce verification overhead and overall development time. In response, we present PipeSynth, an automated formal methodology and tool for the synthesis of µspec microarchitectural ordering axioms from small example programs (litmus tests) and microarchitectural execution traces. PipeSynth helps architects automatically generate formal specifications for their microarchitectures before RTL is even written, enabling greater use of formal verification on today’s microarchitectures. We evaluate PipeSynth’s capability to synthesise single axioms and multiple axioms at the same time across four microarchitectures. Our evaluated microarchitectures include an out-of-order processor and one with a non-traditional coherence protocol. In single-axiom synthesis, PipeSynth is capable of synthesising replacement axioms for 42 out of 46 axioms from our evaluated microarchitectures in under 2 hours per axiom. When doing multi-axiom synthesis, we are able to synthesise an entire microarchitectural specification for the in-order Multi-V-scale processor in under 1 hour, and can synthesise at least 4 nontrivial axioms at the same time for our other microarchitectures.
CaT: A Solver-Aided Compiler for Packet-Processing Pipelines

Compiling high-level programs to high-speed packet-processing pipelines is a challenging combinatorial optimization problem. The compiler must configure the pipeline’s resources to match the semantics of the program’s high-level specification, while packing all of the program’s computation into the pipeline’s limited resources. State of the art approaches tackle individual aspects of this problem. Yet, they miss opportunities to produce globally high-quality outcomes within reasonable compilation times. We develop a framework to decompose the compilation problem for such pipelines into three phases—making extensive use of solver engines (e.g., ILP, SMT, and program synthesis) to simplify the development of these phases. Transformation rewrites programs to use more abundant pipeline resources, avoiding scarce ones. Synthesis breaks complex transactional code into configurations of pipelined compute units. Allocation maps the program’s compute and memory to the pipeline’s hardware resources. We prototype these ideas in a compiler, CaT, which targets (1) the Tofino programmable switch pipeline and (2) Menshen, a cycle-accurate simulator of a Verilog description of the RMT pipeline. CaT can handle programs that existing compilers cannot currently run on pipelines and generates code faster than existing compilers, where the generated code uses fewer pipeline resources.
Impact of Enterprise Risk Management Implementation on Fraud Control in Small and Medium Enterprises

Technology is developing rapidly in this technological era including businesses. Therefore, the whole population must adapt to the technological change. Adapting to new technology will give a lot of competitive advantages aspect in every business including the small and medium enterprise businesses as it will help the businesses to be more sustainable in the long run. As it is known that most of the SMEs have an essential role in the country's economy growth, especially in developing countries. Therefore, an adaptation to technology is crucial for enterprises to implement. Unfortunately, most of the SMEs have not implemented a risk management system yet which it could create a threat to the sustainability of their enterprises. Risk management itself is important to have for enterprises as it can develop a strategy that is needed to compete with competitor, minimize and control risks from internal and external factor such as fraud, and to make the enterprise itself becoming more sustainable in the long run. The purpose of this study aim is to observe the impact on implementing enterprise risk management (ERM) and determine whether the implementation of risk management could control and minimize fraudulent activity within the enterprises and keeps the company sustainable in the long run.