Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Ecological Detective

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Knee Muscle Reciprocal Co-Activation in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome During Isokinetic Exercise: A Voluntary Response Index Analysis

Introduction: The origin of the Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is not still completely clear and may have a biomechanical or biochemical cause. Motor control dysfunction may have a role in this condition. Voluntary Response Index (VRI) is able to show changes in the central nervous system motor output that occur with intervention, recovery, or progression of the disorder. Therefore, the outcomes may contribute to offer another tool for PFPS motor control evaluation. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to assess the changes in the quadriceps and hamstring reciprocal coactivation patterns that may be observed in individuals with PFPS using the VRI. Methods and Materials: A total of 24 female participants, 12 with sound knees and 12 with PFPS participated in the present study. The study was accomplished in the Biomechanics Laboratory at Rehabilitation School of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2015. The participants sat on a Biodex dynamometer. They were asked to perform 10 continuous knee extension and flexion motions with maximal strength at 45˚/s and 300˚/s, distinctly. Simultaneously, electromyographic activities of the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), and biceps femoris (BF) were recorded and VRI was calculated. A two-way analysis of variance was run to assess the effect of group and velocity on the VRI (similarity index and magnitude). Results: There was no velocity or group main effect observed for the VRI ( P >0.05). In addition, no significant velocity × group interaction was found for the VRI ( P >0.05). Conclusion: PFPS may not be linked to altered quadriceps and hamstring reciprocal co-activation patterns during isokinetic exercise. In addition, angular velocity may not be an important parameter in voluntary motor control assessment during isokinetic exercise. Keywords: Reciprocal co-activation; Voluntary response index; Patellofemoral pain syndrome; Isokinetic
Real-time optimistic concurrency control protocol with dynamic adjustment of serialization order

Proposes a new real-time optimistic protocol. By using a dynamic adjustment of the serialization order by backward-adjusting the non-serious conflicting transactions before the committing transactions, many unnecessary restarts can be eliminated. In the protocol, no conflict or serialization constraints have to be recorded during the read phase of a transaction. Different priority conflict resolution methods can be easily incorporated in the protocol. In addition, with the use of Thomas's write rule, the number of transaction restarts can further be much reduced.
Self-reported disability in rural Malawi: prevalence, incidence, and relationship to chronic disease [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]

Background: Disability is a complex concept involving physical impairment, activity limitation, and participation restriction. The Washington Group developed a set of questions on six functional domains (seeing, hearing, walking, remembering, self-care, and communicating) to allow collection of comparable data on disability. We aimed to improve understanding of prevalence and correlates of disability in the low-income setting of Malawi. Methods: This study is nested in the Karonga Health and Demographic Surveillance Site in Malawi; the Washington Group questions were added to the annual survey in 2014. We used cross-sectional data from the 2014 survey to estimate the current prevalence of disability, simulate disability prevalence over the previous 12 years, and examine associations of disability with certain chronic diseases. We then reviewed the created and sustainable development goals are met. Abstract/conclusion: “Further research into the needs of this population is crucial”: I suggest replacing “needs” with “situation”.
Strawberry growth and yield related to plant density using matted row husbandry

SummaryStrawberry plants cv. Cambridge Favourite were planted at 200, 300 and 450 mm intra- row spacings to establish matted rows 245 mm wide. Yield was directly related to the number of parent plants and crowns at fruiting and positively correlated with planting density. Highest yields were obtained at an intra-row spacing of 200 mm between parent plants. Spacing had no significant effect upon individual plant development in the maiden year; growth at parent plant spacings closer than 450 mm within the row had no effect on fruit quality or losses caused by Botrytis cinerea (grey mould).
An inventory of mammals, birds and reptiles along a section of the river and banks of upper Ganges, India

A study was conducted to assess faunal diversity along a 165-km stretch of the upper Ganges River between Bijnor and Narora cities, Uttar Pradesh, from January to June 2007. Both river and bank species diversity of reptiles, birds and mammals using a combination of boat surveys, linear walks and random searches were inventoried. Presence of 18 species of mammals, 55 species of birds and 13 species of reptiles were recorded from the river stretch including 16 species of global conservation significance. Maximum encounter rate was observed for little cormorant (3.160 plus or minus 0.290), macaque (2.385 plus or minus 0.442) and brown roofed turtle (1.009 plus or minus 0.107). Our study is an attempt towards generating baseline information on the faunal diversity of the upper Ganges and we recommend exhaustive surveys and regular monitoring of this river stretch through indicator species approach.
Costayaco Field, Further Exploration and Production activities in the Putumayo Basin, Colombia

The Costayaco Field is located in the northwest portion of the Putumayo Basin, Colombia. S.A. It consists of a major thrust fault/dip closed accumulation. Costayaco Field was discovered in 2007 by Gran Tierra Energy Colombia and is currently under development. Original oil in place (OOIP) is calculated around 140 MMstb. To date, 15 wells have been drilled and 19 MMstb of oil have been produced with ESP´s and jet pump systems. All of the Cretaceous siliciclastic reservoirs contain oil; the main objectives, Caballos Fm. and Villeta T Sand, have 30° API gravity oil with a rather low GOR. The field doesn't have a primary gas cap and the oil column for the T sand and Caballos Fm. is around 215 ft each. Further development of the field in 2012 includes continuing with the current water injection in 4 wells, drilling 2 peripheral injector wells, and 2 infill producer wells. The delineation plan for the Costayaco Field is based on the interpretation and analysis of 3D seismic data (Chaza 2007, 70 Km2), core data and core description, lab measurements, and petrophysical analysis of the openhole logs. All of the above was integrated into a robust 3D static reservoir characterization model. Based upon our extensive knowledge of the basin along with the expert contribution of our team, we have reached the production plateau of 17,000 BOPD.
The structural stability of protein antigens adsorbed by aluminium hydroxide in comparison to the antigens in solutions

It is believed that antigens should be adsorbed onto adjuvants in vaccines. The adsorption-modified structure of antigens is important to understand the mechanism of adjuvants and vaccine immunogenicity. The structural stability of antigens is of major importance. The changes in structure can be induced by degradation and/or increase of storage temperature. In this study the structural stability of two model antigens, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and β-lactoglobulin (BLG) were compared when they were adsorbed onto aluminium hydroxide and when they were in solutions using Fourier transform infrared - attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy. The structural stability of these two proteins was studied at different temperature and during storages. The present results showed that the structure of antigens can be stabilized by adsorption onto aluminium hydroxide. Non-adsorbed protein antigens present in vaccines may facilitate the degradation of the vaccine.
Research on propagation methods of Persian lily bulbs [Fritillaria persica Linn.] with various vegetative techniques.

Research was carried out to determine the propagation (of Persian Lilly [Fritillaria persica Linn.] bulbs) with various vegetative techniques at Ataturk Central Horticultural Research Institute in Yalova-Turkey. The experiment consisted of 24 combinations with two different locations (laboratory and store house), two different period (July and September), 5 different vegetative production techniques and control groups. The experiment was designed as a randomized block design with 3 replicates and 20 bulbs were used in each plot. With the analysis of results, it was found that the number of bulblets were significantly high in a horizontal cutting of bulbs in July which were kept in the store house. This result indicated that the horizontally cutting the bulbs is the most suitable vegetative technique to get maximum bulbs of Persian Lily.
Mobile UNITY: A Language and Logic for Concurrent Mobile Systems

Traditionally, a distributed system has been viewed as a collection of fixed computational elements connected by a static network. Prompted by recent advances in wireless communications technology, the emerging field of mobile computing is challenging these assumptions by providing mobile hosts with connectivity that may change over time, raising the possibility that hosts may be called upon to operate while only weakly connected to or while completely disconnected from other hosts. We define a concurrent mobile system as one where independently executing components may migrate through some space during the course of the computation, and where the pattern of connectivity among the components changes as they move in and out of proximity. Note that this definition is general enough to encompass a system of mobile hosts moving in physical space as well as a system of migrating software agents implemented on a set of possibly non-mobile hosts. In this paper, we present Mobile UNITY, which is a notation for expressing such systems and a logic for reasoning about their temporal properties. Based on the UNITY language of Chandy and Misra, our goal is to find a minimalist model of mobile computation that will allow us to express mobile components in a modular fashion and to reason formally about the possible behaviors of a system composed from mobile components. We also show how the model can contribute to our understanding of mobility by exploring new abstractions for loosely coupled communication and coordination among components.
Submarine Hydrothermal Vents of the Aeolian Islands: Relationship Between Microbial Communities and Thermal Fluids

The relationship between fluid geochemistry and microbial communities was investigated for shallow (< 25 m) submarine hydrothermal vents in the Aeolian Islands (Southern Italy). Thermal waters, gases, and deposits of white filamentous material were collected from 11 sites. The geochemical analyses showed a magmatic component was present in all sampled fluids. The total microbial abundances, evaluated as direct counts of picoplanktonic cells (ranging from 0.2 to 2 mu m in diameter), were between 1.55 107 and 4.18 108 cells per liter. Picophytoplankton (total autofluorescent cells) ranged from 9.6 105 to 7.88 106 cells per liter. Yellow-orange autofluorescent prokaryotes belonging to the cyanobacteria were more abundant than red autofluorescent eukaryotic cells. Chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur-oxidizing, rod-shaped Bacteria were isolated from venting water samples and identified as Thiobacillus -like. Microscopic examination of the white mat deposits showed the presence of filamentous microorganisms.
Consistent Dendrochronological Response of the Dioecious Salix arctica to Variation in Local Snow Precipitation across Gender and Vegetation Types

Abstract Dendroclimatological reconstructions may be influenced by intraspecific variation in radial growth caused by plant gender and ecotypic differentiation. We examined the growth response of the High Arctic Salix arctica to interannual variation in snow precipitation in Zackenberg, NE Greenland. Tree ring examinations revealed a consistent response of annual radial growth in this dwarf shrub to variation in the amount of snow precipitation across gender and across three distinct vegetation types. Annual growth, however, differed between vegetation types. These results are discussed with respect to an improved understanding of the factors limiting the growth of S. arctica, which can be used for future reconstructions of climatic conditions, especially in remote High Arctic regions.
Consumption, Dividends, and the Cross-section of Equity Returns Consumption, Dividends, and the Cross-section of Equity Returns

A common implication of general equilibrium models is that consumption betas determine the cross-section of risk premia. In addition, consumption beta's mirror differences in the exposure of the asset's dividends to aggregate consumption. These arguments suggest that differences in the exposure of dividends to consumption movements may contain information regarding the cross-sectional differences in risk premia. In this paper, we show that the long-run covariance between dividends and consumption account for a large proportion of the cross-sectional differences is risk premia on assets. We measure the long run covariance (i.e., cash flow beta) between consumption and dividends in two alternative ways. First, the regression coefficient from regressing dividend growth rates on a trailing moving average of consumption growth rates, and second, by the stochastic cointegration parameter between dividends and consumption. Cross-sectional differences in these measures of cash flow beta's account for more than 50% of the cross-sectional variation in risk premia across 30 portfolios—which include 10 momentum, 10 size, and 10 book-to-market sorted portfolios. Our empirical work shows that compensation for consumption risk is positive and highly significant. Our cash flow beta's, relative to benchmark models, are far more capable of justifying the differences in risk premia in the cross-section of assets. Monte Carlo evidence presented in the paper further corroborates our GMM based empirical evidence. In all, our work suggests the covariation of cash flows to low frequency movements in consumption contain important information regarding the risk premia on assets.
Consumption, Dividends, and the Cross Section of Equity Returns I. Asset Returns and Cash Flow Betas Ii. Data A. Cash Flows and Factors Summary Statistics: Portfolio Returns

We show that aggregate consumption risks embodied in cash f lows can account for the puzzling differences in risk premia across book-to-market, momentum, and size-sorted portfolios. The dynamics of aggregate consumption and cash f low growth rates, modeled as a vector autoregression, are used to measure the consumption beta of discounted cash f lows. Differences in these cash f low betas account for more than 60% of the cross-sectional variation in risk premia. The market price for risk in cash f lows is highly significant. We argue that cash f low risk is important for interpreting differences in risk compensation across assets. THE IDEA THAT DIFFERENCES IN EXPOSURE to systematic risk should justify differences in risk premia across assets is central to asset pricing. The static CAPM (capital asset-pricing model) (see Sharpe (1964) and Lintner (1965)) implies that assets' exposures to aggregate wealth should determine cross-sectional differences in risk premia. The work of Lucas (1978) and Breeden (1979) argues that the risk premium on an asset is determined by its ability to insure against consumption f luctuations. Hence, the exposure of asset returns to movements in aggregate consumption (i.e., the consumption betas) should determine cross-sectional differences in risk premia. Evidence presented in Hansen and Singleton (1982) for the consumption-based models, and in Fama and French (1992) for the CAPM, shows that these models have considerable difficulty in justifying the differences in observable rates of return across assets. Consequently , identifying economic sources of risks that justify differences in the measured risk premia continues to be an important economic issue. Asset prices ref lect the discounted value of cash f lows; return news, consequently , ref lects revisions in expectations about the entire path of future 1639 1640 The Journal of Finance cash f lows and discount rates. Changes in expectations of cash f lows is an important ingredient determining asset return news. Systematic risks in cash flows therefore should have some bearing on the risk compensation of assets. In particular, assets whose cash f lows have higher aggregate consumption risks (i.e., larger cash f low beta) should also carry a higher risk premium. This intuition is also captured in the consumption-based models presented in Abel (1999) and Bansal and Yaron (2004), who show that differences in risk compensation on assets mirror differences in the exposure of assets' cash f lows to consumption. Motivated by these common implications, we explore whether …
Consumption, Dividends, and the Cross-section of Equity Returns Consumption, Dividends, and the Cross-section of Equity Returns

In this paper we show that economic risks embodied in cash flows account for a large portion of the cross-sectional differences in risk premia across assets. Specifically, we model the joint dynamics of observed aggregate consumption and asset cash flow growth rates as a vector-autoregression (VAR). From the VAR, we measure the cash flow beta, that is the consumption beta of news pertaining to the constant discounted sum of expected cash flow growth rates. Cross-sectional differences in cash flow betas account for more than 60% of the cross-sectional variation in risk premia across 30 portfolios, which include 10 size, 10 book-to-market and 10-momentum sorted portfolios. Our empirical work shows that compensation for this consumption risk in cash flows is positive and highly significant. Our cash flow betas perform better than alternative benchmark models for explaining cross-sectional differences in mean returns across assets. We provide an economic interpretation for our empirical findings.
Probabilistic Constraint Logic Programming. Formal Foundations of Quantitative and Statistical Inference in Constraint-Based Natural Language Processing

In this thesis, we present two approaches to a rigorous mathematical and algorithmic foundation of quantitative and statistical inference in constraint-based natural language processing. The first approach, called quantitative constraint logic programming, is conceptualized in a clear logical framework, and presents a sound and complete system of quantitative inference for definite clauses annotated with subjective weights. This approach combines a rigorous formal semantics for quantitative inference based on subjective weights with efficient weight-based pruning for constraint-based systems. The second approach, called probabilistic constraint logic programming, introduces a log-linear probability distribution on the proof trees of a constraint logic program and an algorithm for statistical inference of the parameters and properties of such probability models from incomplete, i.e., unparsed data. The possibility of defining arbitrary properties of proof trees as properties of the log-linear probability model and efficiently estimating appropriate parameter values for them permits the probabilistic modeling of arbitrary context-dependencies in constraint logic programs. The usefulness of these ideas is evaluated empirically in a small-scale experiment on finding the correct parses of a constraint-based grammar. In addition, we address the problem of computational intractability of the calculation of expectations in the inference task and present various techniques to approximately solve this task. Moreover, we present an approximate heuristic technique for searching for the most probable analysis in probabilistic constraint logic programs.
Symbolic Data Analysis: Definition and Examples

With the advent of computers, large, very large datasets have become routine. What is not so routine is how to analyse these data and/or how to glean useful information from within their massive conﬁnes. One approach is to summarize large data sets in such a way that the resulting summary dataset is of a manageable size. One consequence of this is that the data may no longer be formatted as single values such as is the case for classical data, but may be represented by lists, intervals, distributions and the like. These summarized data are examples of symbolic data. This paper looks at the concept of symbolic data in general, and then attempts to review the methods currently available to analyse such data. It quickly becomes clear that the range of methodologies available draws analogies with developments prior to 1900 which formed a foundation for the inferential statistics of the 1900’s, methods that are largely limited to small (by comparison) data sets and limited to classical data formats. The scarcity of available methodologies for symbolic data also becomes clear and so draws attention to an enormous need for the development of a vast catalogue (so to speak) of new symbolic methodologies along with rigorous mathematical foundational work for these methods.
Detection of (cid:12) -D-glucan for the diagnosis of invasive fungal infection in children with hematological malignancy

Objectives: The ß-D-glucan assay (BDG) has been added to the EORTC/MSG criteria for the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections (IFI), but data from Pediatrics;Hematologicalmalignancy without including the BDG results. Performances were assessed after a ROC analysis for opti-mization and multivariate analysis to detect the causes of false positivity. Results: 8 proven and 4 probable IFIs, and 7 possible IFIs were diagnosed in 9 and 7 patients, respectively. Sensitivity and speciﬁcity increased from 75% and 56% to 100% and 91.1%, respec-tively when considering the whole population and patients not having received any antifungals prior to the test. Multivariate analysis revealed that being younger than 7, severe colitis/muco-sitis, recent administration of polyvalent immunoglobulins and digestive colonization with Enterococcus sp were independent risk factors for false positivity. Conclusions: BDG is a valuable test to detect IFI in pediatric patients not previously treated with antifungals and to detect the occurrence of chronic infection.