Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictors of wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic: Key roles for gratitude and tragic optimism in a UK-based cohort.

Here we examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on wellbeing among UK-based respondents (N = 133). We explore the extent to which variables across wellbeing domains (physical activity, gratitude, tragic optimism, social support, and nature connection) contribute to wellbeing according to our previously proposed GENIAL model. Wellbeing was significantly reduced compared to both retrospective pre-lockdown measures (d=0.55) and a Scottish sample from 2018 (d=0.39). The regression model, containing wellbeing-related variables along with age, sex, and subjective socioeconomic status, accounted for up to 50% of the variance in wellbeing. While all predictor variables were significantly associated with wellbeing in zero-order correlations, only gratitude and tragic optimism contributed significantly to the regression model. These findings provide the first evidence for the contribution of these positive psychological factors to wellbeing during the COVID-19 lockdown. Implications for wellbeing at a time of great suffering and existential positive psychology (PP2.0) are discussed.
Thermal infrared imaging reveals that 6-12 month-old babies show different autonomic response to interaction with robot and avatar

From birth, infants are immersed in a social environment, often surrounded by artificial intelligent agents (AIAs). However, there is a significant paucity of work on infants’ psychophysiological responses, and their related interest, when interacting with AIAs. Here, the psychophysiological responses of infants during interactions with an embodied robot and a virtual human (avatar) presented on a screen are investigated. Understanding infants’ psychophysiological/emotional responses to AIAs provides important new knowledge regarding how AIAs impact infants’ during the first year of life, which is a period of critical importance for human learning, especially emotional, social, and language learning and higher cognitive growth.
The Effect of Field Managers' Authentic Leadership on Foreign Workers' Trust, Work Engagement, and Turnover Intention -Focusing on Filipino Workers in South Korea-

With increasing international labour in Korea, the perspective of foreign workers' maintenance and changes of origin while living and working overseas provides a new angle for leadership research. For the purpose to investigate the effect of leadership on the group of foreign workers, this study targeted Filipino workers in U and G city and explored whether authentic leadership predicts foreign workers' work engagement and retainment through the potential intervening effect of interpersonal trust. The empirical study utilized SPSS, and results proved that authentic leadership has no significant relationship to foreign Filipino workers' work engagement directly, but authentic leadership showed a negative effect on Filipino workers' turnover intention. The full mediation effect of interpersonal trust proves the value and importance of establishing trust relationships in retaining foreign workers.
CO2 Reforming of Methane in a Probe Reactor with a Thin Catalyst Layer

Probe (annular) and channel reactors with thin catalyst layers are considered to be much more effective than conventional reactors and can offer several advantages such as excellent heat transfer characteristics and negligible intracatalyst diffusion resistance. A probe reactor and a channel reactor were designed, fabricated and coated with thin layers of Ni/Al2O3 catalysts and tested for dry reforming of methane. The catalysts were initially prepared by the Sol-Gel method and calcined at different conditions. Several catalyst coats with different catalyst loading were tested at different operating conditions. High conversions were achieved on thin layer of Ni/Al2O3 catalysts and high coking resistance was obtained by addition of Cr, Ba and La2O3. The experimental results also showed that as CO2/CH4 ratio increased the coking rate decreased. Low pressure drop and low temperature gradient along the length of the reactor were attained. The catalyst effectiveness factor was about 1 and the values of activation energy indicated the reactions did not have any diffusion limitations.
Stochastic resonance in climatic change

An amplification of random perturbations by the interaction of non-linearities internal to the climatic system with external, orbital forcing is found. This stochastic resonance is investigated in a highly simplified, zero-dimensional climate model. It is conceivable that this new type of resonance might play a role in explaining the 10 5 year peak in the power spectra of paleoclimatic records. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1982. tb01787.x
Extreme Events and Overreaction to News

The presence of both systematic under-and-overreaction to news in financial markets is a major puzzle. We propose a systematic predictor of under-and-overreaction to news: the extremeness of the associated distribution of fundamentals. Using a comprehensive database of corporate news events, we identify substantial heterogeneity in both reactions to news and extremeness of fundamentals across types of corporate events. We document overreaction to more extreme event-types, such as leadership changes, M&amp;A, and customer announcements, and underreaction to less extreme event-types such as earnings announcements. We show this is consistent with diagnostic expectations, a model of belief formation based on the representativeness heuristic. The model further predicts greater trading volume holding fixed fundamentals and more sensitive belief changes to more extreme corporate events, which we confirm in the data. We calibrate our model and show that it quantitatively matches the key features in our data.
Does Sunk Cost Affect Prices? Evidence from the U.S. Airline Industry

In contrast to the extensive literature on behavior bias by individuals, studies on behavior bias by firms have been relatively scarce. We explore the possibility of the latter in the context of U.S. airlines, where fuel hedging leads to lump sum gain or loss which is sunk to airlines' pricing decisions. Our results show that the (sunk) hedging gain or loss affects airlines' ticket prices. In particular, a 10% reduction in the reported fuel cost (due to hedging gain) leads to a 2.2% reduction in ticket prices. Moving onto non-price decisions, we find that hedging gain leads airlines to use larger aircrafts and reduce airtime of their flights, but has no impacts on the number of routes and flights which airlines operate. Our results provide empirical evidence that fixed/sunk costs can affect firms' price and non-price decisions, establish a link between financial market and product market competition, and have important welfare/policy and managerial implications.
Achieving fast high-fidelity optimal control of many-body dynamics

We demonstrate the efficiency of a recent exact-gradient optimal control methodology by applying it to a challenging many-body problem described by matrix product states. In contrast to previous, gradient-free, optimization on the same problem yielding maximally 0.7 fidelity, we observe fidelities in the range 0.99-0.9999 and beyond with associated minimal duration estimates displaying a characteristic, exponential fidelity-duration trade-off across several orders of magnitude. Additionally, whereas previously attained control shapes were smooth and monotonic, we identify a hierarchy of sequentially optimal solutions with an increased information-theoretic control complexity. These facilitate nonadiabatic quantum interference pathways using sequential tunneling and phase-imprinting dynamics necessary for high fidelity. The documented performance of the new analytically exact gradients both in theory and numerical practice across the extremes of Hilbert space size asserts wide application opportunities as quantum technology transitions from proof of principle to practical applications. Finally, given that open-loop control may deteriorate in experiment, we discuss its merits and unified complementarity to closed-loop control — in particular, high-fidelity physical insights extracted with the former can be used to formulate practical, low-dimensional search spaces for the latter.
Tight asymptotics of clique‐chromatic numbers of dense random graphs

The clique‐chromatic number of a graph is the minimum number of colors required to assign to its vertex set so that no inclusion maximal clique is monochromatic. McDiarmid, Mitsche, and Prałat proved that the clique‐chromatic number of the binomial random graph G n , 1 2 $G\left(n,\frac{1}{2}\right)$ is at most 1 2 + o ( 1 ) log 2 n $\left(\frac{1}{2}+o(1)\right){\mathrm{log}}_{2}n$ with high probability (whp). Alon and Krivelevich showed that it is greater than 1 2000 log 2 n $\frac{1}{2000}{\mathrm{log}}_{2}\unicode{x0200A}n$ whp and suggested that the right constant in front of the logarithm is 1 2 $\frac{1}{2}$ . We prove their conjecture and, beyond that, obtain a tight concentration result: whp χ c G n , 1 2 = 1 2 log 2 n − Θ ( ln ln n ) ${\chi }_{c}\left(G\left(n,\frac{1}{2}\right)\right)=\frac{1}{2}{\mathrm{log}}_{2}\unicode{x0200A}n-{\rm{\Theta }}(\mathrm{ln}\unicode{x0200A}\mathrm{ln}\unicode{x0200A}n)$ .
An Optimal Algorithm for Triangle Counting

We present a new algorithm for approximating the number of triangles in a graph $G$ whose edges arrive as an arbitrary order stream. If $m$ is the number of edges in $G$, $T$ the number of triangles, $\Delta_E$ the maximum number of triangles which share a single edge, and $\Delta_V$ the maximum number of triangles which share a single vertex, then our algorithm requires space: \[ \widetilde{O}\left(\frac{m}{T}\cdot \left(\Delta_E + \sqrt{\Delta_V}\right)\right) \] Taken with the $\Omega\left(\frac{m \Delta_E}{T}\right)$ lower bound of Braverman, Ostrovsky, and Vilenchik (ICALP 2013), and the $\Omega\left( \frac{m \sqrt{\Delta_V}}{T}\right)$ lower bound of Kallaugher and Price (SODA 2017), our algorithm is optimal up to log factors, resolving the complexity of a classic problem in graph streaming.
[Contribution of urinary pneumococcal antigen detection combined with the research of legionella antigen for diagnosis of pneumonia in hospitalized patients].

AIM OF THE STUDY Bacteriological confirmation of pneumonia (PNM) in hospitalized patients is often erratic or belated. Because of importance of prognosis, early adaptation of treatment requires an empirical antimicrobial therapy (generally aminopenicillin and macrolide combination). The starting therapeutic strategy should profit by a fast and reliable test asserting a pneumococcal etiology. The Binax Now S. pneumoniae (BNP) test allows an urinary pneumococcal antigen (UPA) detection using an immunochromatographic membrane assay within 15 minutes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We first evaluated the BNP test for 28 patients with pneumococcal PNM proved by culture, and 118 negative control patients without PNM. The BNP test was then evaluated by testing urine from 158 hospitalized patients with a clinical picture of PNM (community-acquired: 90, nosocomial: 68) for whom a research of urinary Legionella antigen (Binax Now) was prescribed and was positive for only two cases. 57 patients (36.1%) were hospitalized in ICU. RESULTS The sensitivity was 71.4% (85.7% for the 21 bacteriemic PNM), and the specificity was 98.3%; that is consistent with previous published data. Among the 158 patients with PNM, UPA was detected in 17 cases (10.8%): 15 within the community-acquired PNM (16.7%) and 2 (2.9%) within the nosocomial cases. The pneumococcal etiology was confirmed by bacteriological samples in 7/17 patients (6 by blood cultures). The 10 others showed clinical and radiological features in agreement with a pneumococcal PNM. Among the 141 patients with negative AUP, S. pneumoniae was isolated from 6 of them (2 in blood cultures). CONCLUSION The Binax Now S. pneumoniae test allowed a fast and reliable etiological diagnosis in 10.8% of hospitalized PNM (16.7% of the community-acquired cases) having a research of urinary Legionella antigen (conceiving with severity factors). So it could conduce to an improved adjustment of the starting antimicrobial therapy of hospitalized adult patients with PNM.
Cooperate to validate. OBSERVAL-NET experts' reports on Validation of Non-formal and Informal Learning (VNIL) 2013

The present publication is one of the outcomes of the OBSERVAL-NET project (follow-up of the OBSERVAL project). The main aim of OBSERVAL-NET was to set up a stakeholder-centric network of organisations supporting the validation of non-formal and informal learning in Europe based on the formation of national working groups in the 8 participating countries of the project. Each national working group worked towards bringing together key stakeholders in VNIL and political decision-makers at national level in order to coordinate policy implementation in the field. These national networks were supplemented by a cross-national level of networking, which focused on the following three thematic areas outlined in this publication: The bottom-up process: completely fixed yet. This is even more noticeable in the field of recognition and validation of non-formal and informal learning. Over many years, different terms have been used such as “Recognition of prior learning” (RPL), “Accreditation of prior learning” (APL) and “Validation of prior learning” (VPL). Sometimes, one might also see “Recognition of prior learning outcomes” (RPLO). Recognition, Accreditation and Validation cover distinct stages in the field. For example, recognition does not mean certification, while validation usually does. “Prior learning” has now been replaced by “Informal / non-formal learning” and the term used within the OBSERVAL-NET project is “Validation”. Thus, the term used for this report is “Validation of Non-formal and Informal Learning”, hereafter VNIL. (Author)
Higher education medium of instruction and career prospects: an exploration of current and graduated Chinese students’ perceptions

ABSTRACT This article reports a mixed-methods study that explored university students’ perceptions of whether and how English Medium Instruction (EMI) improves career prospects. Questionnaire (n = 100) and interview data (n = 20) were collected from current and graduated (alumni) students from an EMI Finance programme at a Chinese university in Beijing. Participants reflected on their EMI experience and/or career experience to determine whether or not their employability had increased. Findings showed that both cohorts of students were positive that EMI will/had increased their career prospects. They believed that EMI could/had expanded their career choices as well as provided more job opportunities by improving their English proficiency. Overall students agreed that using EMI meant less content was taught, however, denied that this would negatively affect their career prospects. Practical implications for pedagogy are discussed.
Graduate employment in higher education: applying bibliometrics to world-system theory

ABSTRACT As massification of higher education developed, employment challenges in changing labour markets aroused the attention of scholars globally. An interdisciplinary approach called world-system theory is applied by scholars from the social sciences, history, anthropology and cultural studies. This study applied the theory in a bibliometric analysis of graduate employment research using R and CiteSpace. It identified the main characteristics (e.g. authors and countries) of relevant research, investigated the social and economic context of certain milestone publications and visualised research hot spots. World-system theory, as a macrosociological approach to describing the world economy and social system, is innovatively applied in illustrating the findings of the current work. Results indicate that core countries not only are economically influential but also dominating the academic research. Scholars in semi-peripheral and peripheral countries are encouraged to establish transnational networks and foster academic collaborations.
Convergence of Ricci flow solutions to Taub-NUT

Abstract We study the Ricci flow starting at an SU(2) cohomogeneity-1 metric g 0 on with monotone warping coefficients and whose restriction to any hypersphere is a Berger metric. If g 0 has bounded Hopf-fiber, curvature controlled by the size of the orbits and opens faster than a paraboloid in the directions orthogonal to the Hopf-fiber, then the flow converges to the Taub-NUT metric in the Cheeger-Gromov sense in infinite time. We also classify the long-time behaviour when g 0 is asymptotically flat. In order to identify infinite-time singularity models we obtain a uniqueness result for
Parental Divorce: Impact on Socio-Psychological Behavior and Academic Performance of Students in Teacher’s Perception

ABSTRACT Divorce situates severe consequences on the family environment, annually significant numbers of children face such life transitions. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of parental divorce with social, psychological behaviors and academic performance of separated family children in the perception of elementary teachers. This study surveyed socio-psychological behavior and academic performance indicators. Sixty teachers participated in the study; they were currently teaching such children. The statistical measures of study constitute a significant negative impact on children’s social and academic performance. This study concluded the distressing effect of divorce on elementary students.
The psychological impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers in Pakistan

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged healthcare facilities and healthcare professionals' stamina and wellbeing. This study examines the psychological impact of COVID-19 on healthcare professionals. Methods This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in July 2020 after institutional review board approval at a tertiary care institution in Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 175 healthcare workers participated following an online Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) questionnaire invitation and 41 were excluded following pre-existing mental health conditions. Data was analysed using MS Excel and SPSS Amos 23. Chi-squared test and regression were applied for comparison and impact of confounding variables respectively (p<0.05 was considered significant). Results Out of 134, 66 (49%) were doctors, 24 (18%) were nurses and 44 (33%) were non-medical professionals. Ninety-five (70%) with age 21–30 years. Male to female ratio was 2:1. Overall mean depression score accounted for 6.89 ± 6.64; anxiety score was 7.28 ± 6.74 and stress score was 8.83 ± 6.93. Mild depression, anxiety and stress was noted in 21 (15.6%), eight (6%) and 27 (20.1%) healthcare workers, respectively. A statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was observed among healthcare workers for depression, anxiety and stress. Conclusion This study demonstrated considerable impact of COVID-19 on mental health of healthcare workers. A well-structured targeted mental health support programme is needed urgently to support and reduce the long-term impact on healthcare workers' mental health and wellbeing.
Neural representations of space in the hippocampus of a food-caching bird

Conserved spatial memory mechanisms Food-caching birds are memory specialists that can remember thousands of hidden food items. Using electrophysiological recordings from freely behaving birds, Payne et al. analyzed neuronal activity in the likely hippocampus homolog of two bird species, the tufted titmouse and the zebra finch. They chose these two species to compare, respectively, birds that do and do not display food-caching behavior. Place cells and typical hippocampal firing patterns that resembled rodent neuronal activity could be detected in the extreme memory specialists. Compared with titmice, however, spatial activity was noticeably weaker and less abundant in zebra finches. These findings provide evidence that the neural processes underlying spatial memory are remarkably conserved across widely divergent hippocampal circuits separated by millions of years of evolution. Science, abg2009, this issue p. 343 The avian hippocampus shows mammalian-like activity patterns, with enhancement of spatial coding in tufted titmice versus zebra finches. Spatial memory in vertebrates requires brain regions homologous to the mammalian hippocampus. Between vertebrate clades, however, these regions are anatomically distinct and appear to produce different spatial patterns of neural activity. We asked whether hippocampal activity is fundamentally different even between distant vertebrates that share a strong dependence on spatial memory. We studied tufted titmice, food-caching birds capable of remembering many concealed food locations. We found mammalian-like neural activity in the titmouse hippocampus, including sharp-wave ripples and anatomically organized place cells. In a non–food-caching bird species, spatial firing was less informative and was exhibited by fewer neurons. These findings suggest that hippocampal circuit mechanisms are similar between birds and mammals, but that the resulting patterns of activity may vary quantitatively with species-specific ethological needs.
The RPD Statistic: A Tutorial Note

T he concept of the RPD was introduced in 1986 as an attempt to introduce a simple method for the quick appraisal of the statistics of a near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy calibration. Since its first introduction in a refereed journal in 1993 the RPD is gradually becoming more widely used, and to a certain extent is becoming increasingly misinterpreted. The purpose of this note is to establish the dimensions and significance of the RPD. It is a non-dimensional statistic for the quick evaluation of a NIR spectroscopy calibration model. The Ratio of (standard error of) Prediction to (standard) Deviation or RPD, is a simple character that enables the evaluation of a standard error of prediction (SEP) in terms of the standard deviation (SD) of the reference data. It is calculated by dividing the SD of the reference values used in the validation, or prediction sample set (SDy), by the SEP (Equation 1):
Design and Analysis of Configurable Ring Oscillators for True Random Number Generation Based on Coherent Sampling

True Random Number Generators (TRNGs) are indispensable in modern cryptosystems. Unfortunately, to guarantee high entropy of the generated numbers, many TRNG designs require a complex implementation procedure, often involving manual placement and routing. In this work, we introduce, analyse, and compare three dynamic calibration mechanisms for the COherent Sampling ring Oscillator based TRNG: GateVar, WireVar, and LUTVar, enabling easy integration of the entropy source into complex systems. The TRNG setup procedure automatically selects a configuration that guarantees the security requirements. In the experiments, we show that two out of the three proposed mechanisms are capable of assuring correct TRNG operation even when an automatic placement is carried out and when the design is ported to another Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) family. We generated random bits on both a Xilinx Spartan 7 and a Microsemi SmartFusion2 implementation that, without post processing, passed the AIS-31 statistical tests at a throughput of 4.65 Mbit/s and 1.47 Mbit/s, respectively.