Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermal Shock as an Ice Multiplication Mechanism. Part I. Theory

Abstract Thermoelastic theory is used to calculate thermal stresses in ice crystals of idealized shapes when a small area on one surface is warmed to 0°C, in simulation of riming of the crystal by a cloud droplet. It is shown that a typical riming event involving a 20 μm diameter droplet impinging on a 500 μm plate or column would need to occur at a temperature colder than −35°C before fracture could be expected. For a given ice crystal size, the thermal stresses increase with droplet diameter, and thin plates rimed by large droplets are the most sensitive to thermal shock, but still need to be colder than −10°C before fracture would occur. It is consequently concluded that the thermal shock mechanism is unlikely to be responsible for the proliferation of ice crystals in clouds at temperatures as warm as −4°C.
SOHO Observations of a Coronal Mass Ejection

We describe a coronal mass ejection (CME) observed on 1999 April 23 by the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS), the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT), and the Large-Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraphs (LASCO) aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). In addition to the O VI and C III lines typical of UVCS spectra of CMEs, this 480 km s-1 CME exhibits the forbidden and intercombination lines of O V at λλ1213. 8 and 1218.4. The relative intensities of the O V lines represent an accurate electron density diagnostic not generally available at 3.5 R☉. By combining the density with the column density derived from LASCO, we obtain the emission measure of the ejected gas. With the help of models of the temperature and time-dependent ionization state of the expanding gas, we determine a range of heating rates required to account for the UV emission lines. The total thermal energy deposited as the gas travels to 3.5 R☉ is comparable to the kinetic and gravitational potential energies. We note a core of colder material radiating in C III, surrounded by hotter material radiating in the O V and O VI lines. This concentration of the coolest material into small regions may be a common feature of CMEs. This event thus represents a unique opportunity to describe the morphology of a CME, and to characterize its plasma parameters.
DeepTumor: Framework for Brain MR Image Classification, Segmentation and Tumor Detection

The proper segmentation of the brain tumor from the image is important for both patients and medical personnel due to the sensitivity of the human brain. Operation intervention would require doctors to be extremely cautious and precise to target the brain’s required portion. Furthermore, the segmentation process is also important for multi-class tumor classification. This work primarily concentrated on making a contribution in three main areas of brain MR Image processing for classification and segmentation which are: Brain MR image classification, tumor region segmentation and tumor classification. A framework named DeepTumor is presented for the multistage-multiclass Glioma Tumor classification into four classes; Edema, Necrosis, Enhancing and Non-enhancing. For the brain MR image binary classification (Tumorous and Non-tumorous), two deep Convolutional Neural Network) CNN models were proposed for brain MR image classification; 9-layer model with a total of 217,954 trainable parameters and an improved 10-layer model with a total of 80,243 trainable parameters. In the second stage, an enhanced Fuzzy C-means (FCM) based technique is proposed for the tumor segmentation in brain MR images. In the final stage, an enhanced CNN model 3 with 11 hidden layers and a total of 241,624 trainable parameters was proposed for the classification of the segmented tumor region into four Glioma Tumor classes. The experiments are performed using the BraTS MRI dataset. The experimental results of the proposed CNN models for binary classification and multiclass tumor classification are compared with the existing CNN models such as LeNet, AlexNet and GoogleNet as well as with the latest literature.
Meromorphic Painlevé III transcendents and the Joukowski correspondence

We study a twistor correspondence based on the Joukowski map reduced from one for stationary-axisymmetric self-dual Yang-Mills and adapt it to the Painleve III equation. A natural condition on the geometry (axissimplicity) leads to solutions that are meromorphic at the fixed singularity at the origin. We show that it also implies a quantisation condition for the parameter in the equation. From the point of view of generalized monodromy data, the condition is equivalent to triviality of the Stokes matrices and half-integral exponents of formal monodromy. We obtain canonically defined representations in terms of a Birkhoff factorization whose entries are related to the data at the origin and the Painleve constants.
The Pivotal Role of Stem Cells in Veterinary Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering

Simple Summary The employment of stem cells in the treatment of diverse animals’ illnesses and the engineering of various body tissues continues to evolve quickly. Many animal models have been utilized to assess the safety and efficacy of cell-based therapies. They were exploited mainly at a preclinical scale to measure the potential of the application of such therapies in humans and/or animals. Significant research endeavors are conducted to expand their use to include clinical cases. Herein, the main objective of the present article is to discuss the research efforts conducted to use stem cell therapies in veterinary practice, either on experimental animals or clinical cases based on the currently available knowledge. Abstract The introduction of new regenerative therapeutic modalities in the veterinary practice has recently picked up a lot of interest. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with a high capacity to self-renew and develop into tissue cells with specific roles. Hence, they are an effective therapeutic option to ameliorate the ability of the body to repair and engineer damaged tissues. Currently, based on their facile isolation and culture procedures and the absence of ethical concerns with their use, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most promising stem cell type for therapeutic applications. They are becoming more and more well-known in veterinary medicine because of their exceptional immunomodulatory capabilities. However, their implementation on the clinical scale is still challenging. These limitations to their use in diverse affections in different animals drive the advancement of these therapies. In the present article, we discuss the ability of MSCs as a potent therapeutic modality for the engineering of different animals’ tissues including the heart, skin, digestive system (mouth, teeth, gastrointestinal tract, and liver), musculoskeletal system (tendons, ligaments, joints, muscles, and nerves), kidneys, respiratory system, and eyes based on the existing knowledge. Moreover, we highlighted the promises of the implementation of MSCs in clinical use in veterinary practice.
Quantified versions of Ingham's theorem

We obtain quantified versions of Ingham's classical Tauberian theorem and some of its variants by means of a natural modification of Ingham's own simple proof. As corollaries of the main general results, we obtain quantified decay estimates for C0 ‐semigroups. The results reproduce those known in the literature but are both more general and, in one case, sharper. They also lead to a better understanding of the so‐called ‘fudge factor’ appearing in proofs based on estimating contour integrals.
An adaptive selective frequency damping method

The selective frequency damping (SFD) method is an alternative to classical Newton’s method to obtain unstable steady-state solutions of dynamical systems. However, this method has two main limitations: it does not converge for arbitrary control parameters, and when it does converge, the time necessary to reach a steady-state solution may be very long. In this paper, we present an adaptive algorithm to address these two issues. We show that by evaluating the dominant eigenvalue of a “partially converged” steady flow, we can select a control coefficient and a filter width that ensure an optimum convergence of the SFD method. We apply this adaptive method to several classical test cases of computational fluid dynamics and we show that a steady-state solution can be obtained with a very limited (or without any) a priori knowledge of the flow stability properties.
Systems of Quotients of Lie Triple Systems

In this article, we introduce the notion of system of quotients of Lie triple systems and investigate some properties which can be lifted from a Lie triple system to its systems of quotients. We relate the notion of Lie triple system of Martindale-like quotients with respect to a filter of ideals and the notion of system of quotients, and prove that the system of quotients of a Lie triple system is equivalent to the algebra of quotients of a Lie algebra in some sense, and these allow us to construct the maximal system of quotients for nondegenerate Lie triple systems.
A Pilot Study on the Relationship between Cardiovascular Health, Musculoskeletal Health, Physical Fitness and Occupational Performance in Firefighters

Firefighters’ face life threatening situations and are frequently exposed to numerous physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial hazards. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the feasibility of conducting a large-scale study on cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health, physical fitness and occupational performance of firefighters. We conducted a cross-sectional pilot study by recruiting 36 firefighters. A researcher-generated questionnaire and physical measures were used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health, physical fitness and occupational performance using a physical ability test (PAT). We documented a high equipment and intra-assessor reliability (r > 0.9). The potential logistic and/or administrative obstacles in the context of a larger study were discerned. Data were successfully retrieved using available equipment and survey instruments. Hypertension (30.6%) dyslipidaemia (33.3%), obesity (36.1%) and physical inactivity (66.7%) were the most prevalent cardiovascular disease risk factors. A significant difference between genders in total PAT completion time was also seen (p < 0.001). Cardiorespiratory fitness, lean body mass, grip strength and leg strength were significantly associated with occupational performance (p < 0.001). The pilot study supports the larger study feasibility and verified equipment and assessors’ reliability for research. Cardiovascular health, musculoskeletal health and physical fitness may be related to PAT performance.
K‐theory of regular compactification bundles

Let G be a split connected reductive algebraic group. Let E⟶B$\mathcal {E}\longrightarrow \mathcal {B}$ be a G×G$G\times G$ ‐torsor over a smooth base scheme B$\mathcal {B}$ and X be a regular compactification of G. We describe the Grothendieck ring of the associated fibre bundle E(X):=E×G×GX$\mathcal {E}(X):=\mathcal {E}\times _{G\times G} X$ , as an algebra over the Grothendieck ring of a canonical toric bundle over a flag bundle over B$\mathcal {B}$ . These are relative versions of the corresponding results on the Grothendieck ring of X in the case when B$\mathcal {B}$ is a point, and generalize the classical results on the Grothendieck rings of projective bundles, toric bundles and flag bundles.
Functional Microbial Communities in Hybrid Linear Flow Channel Reactors for Desulfurization of Tannery Effluent

Recent research has demonstrated that hybrid linear flow channel reactors (HLFCRs) can desulfurize tannery effluent via sulfate reduction and concurrent oxidation of sulfide to elemental sulfur. The reactors can be used to pre-treat tannery effluent to improve the efficiency of downstream anaerobic digestion and recover sulfur. This study was conducted to gain insight into the bacterial communities in HLFCRs operated in series and identify structure-function relationships. This was accomplished by interpreting the results obtained from amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and quantification of the dissimilatory sulfite reducing (dsrB) gene. In an effort to provide a suitable inoculum, microbial consortia were harvested from saline estuaries and enriched. However, it was found that bioaugmentation was not necessary because native communities from tannery wastewater were selected over exogenous communities from the enriched consortia. Overall, Dethiosulfovibrio sp. and Petrimonas sp. were strongly selected (maximum relative abundances of 29% and 26%, respectively), while Desulfobacterium autotrophicum (57%), and Desulfobacter halotolerans (27%) dominated the sulfate reducing bacteria. The presence of elemental sulfur reducing genera such as Dethiosulfovibrio and Petrimonas is not desirable in HLFCRs, and strategies to counter their selection need to be considered to ensure efficiency of these systems for pre-treatment of tannery effluent.
Continuity of the solution map of the Euler equations in H\"older spaces and weak norm inflation in Besov spaces

We construct an example showing that the solution map of the Euler equations is not continuous in the H\"older space from $C^{1,\alpha}$ to $L^\infty_tC^{1,\alpha}_x$ for any $0<\alpha<1$. On the other hand we show that it is continuous when restricted to the little H\"older subspace $c^{1,\alpha}$. We apply the latter to prove an ill-posedness result for solutions of the vorticity equations in Besov spaces near the critical space $B^1_{2,1}$. As a consequence we show that a sequence of best constants of the Sobolev embedding theorem near the critical function space is not continuous.
On Coverings of Deligne–Mumford Stacks and Surjectivity of the Brauer Map

The paper proves a result on the existence of finite flat scheme covers of Deligne–Mumford stacks. This result is used to prove that a large class of smooth Deligne–Mumford stacks with affine moduli space are quotient stacks, and in the case of quasi‐projective moduli space, to reduce the question to a classical question on Brauer groups of schemes. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 14A20 (primary), 14F22, 14L30 (secondary).
On S-Finite Measures and Kernels

In this note, we develop some of the basic theory of s-finite (measures and) kernels, a little-studied class of kernels which Staton has recently convincingly argued is precisely the semantic counterpart of (first-order) probabilistic programs. We discuss their Caratheodory extension and extend Staton's analysis of their product measures. We give various characterisations of such kernels and discuss their relationship to the more commonly studied classes of $σ$-finite, subprobability and probability kernels. We use these characterisations to establish suitable Radon-Nikodým, Lebesgue decomoposition and disintegration theorems for s-finite kernels. We discuss s-finite analogues of the classical randomisation lemma for probability kernels. Throughout, we give some examples to explain the connection with (first-order) probabilistic programming. Finally, we briefly explore how some of these results extend to quasi-Borel spaces, hence how they apply to higher-order probabilistic programming.
Use of extrapolation in regularization methods

Extrapolation is a well-known tool for increasing the accuracy of approximation methods. We consider extrapolation of Tikhonov and Lavrentiev methods and iterated variants of these methods for solving linear ill-posed problems in Hilbert space. For extrapolated approximation we take the linear combination of n ≥ 2 approximations of the original method with different parameters and with proper coefficients, guaranteeing for extrapolated method higher qualification than in original method. Extrapolated approximation can be used for approximation to solution of the equation or for construction of a posteriori rules for choice of the regularization parameter in original method. As shown, extrapolating n Tikhonov or Lavrentiev approximations gives the same approximation as one gets in nonstationary implicit iterative method after n iterations with the same parameters. If the solution is smooth and δ is noise level of data, a proper choice of n = n(δ) guarantees for extrapolated Tikhonov approximation accuracy versus accuracy of Tikhonov approximation. Note that in a posteriori parameter choice in Tikhonov method often several approximations with different parameters are computed and then computation of their linear combination is an easy task.
Largest acylindrical actions and Stability in hierarchically hyperbolic groups

We consider two manifestations of non-positive curvature: acylindrical actions (on hyperbolic spaces) and quasigeodesic stability. We study these properties for the class of hierarchically hyperbolic groups, which is a general framework for simultaneously studying many important families of groups, including mapping class groups, right-angled Coxeter groups, most 3 3 –manifold groups, right-angled Artin groups, and many others. A group that admits an acylindrical action on a hyperbolic space may admit many such actions on different hyperbolic spaces. It is natural to try to develop an understanding of all such actions and to search for a “best” one. The set of all cobounded acylindrical actions on hyperbolic spaces admits a natural poset structure, and in this paper we prove that all hierarchically hyperbolic groups admit a unique action which is the largest in this poset. The action we construct is also universal in the sense that every element which acts loxodromically in some acylindrical action on a hyperbolic space does so in this one. Special cases of this result are themselves new and interesting. For instance, this is the first proof that right-angled Coxeter groups admit universal acylindrical actions. The notion of quasigeodesic stability of subgroups provides a natural analogue of quasiconvexity which can be considered outside the context of hyperbolic groups. In this paper, we provide a complete classification of stable subgroups of hierarchically hyperbolic groups, generalizing and extending results that are known in the context of mapping class groups and right-angled Artin groups. Along the way, we provide a characterization of contracting quasigeodesics; interestingly, in this generality the proof is much simpler than in the special cases where it was already known. In the appendix, it is verified that any space satisfying the a priori weaker property of being an “almost hierarchically hyperbolic space” is actually a hierarchically hyperbolic space. The results of the appendix are used to streamline the proofs in the main text.
A simple sharp weighted estimate of the dyadic shifts on metric spaces with geometric doubling

We give a short and simple polynomial estimate of the norm of weighted dyadic shift on metric space with geometric doubling, which is linear in the norm of the weight. Combined with the existence of special probability space of dyadic lattices built in A. Reznikov, A. Volberg, "Random "dyadic" lattice in geometrically doubling metric space and $A_2$ conjecture", arXiv:1103.5246, and with decomposition of Calder\'on-Zygmund operators to dyadic shifts from Hyt\"onen's "The sharp weighted bound for general Calder\'on-Zygmund operators", arXiv:1007.4330 (and later T. Hyt\"onen, C. P\'erez, S. Treil, A. Volberg, "A sharp estimated of weighted dyadic shifts that gives the proof of $A_2$ conjecture", arXiv 1010.0755), we will be able to have a linear (in the norm of weight) estimate of an arbitrary Calder\'on-Zygmund operator on a metric space with geometric doubling. This will be published separately.
Alcohol-specific and socio-cultural determinants of alcohol use among adolescents of color

ABSTRACT Substantial racial/ethnic disparities exist in adolescent alcohol use and related consequences. Although many protective and risk factors influence adolescent alcohol use across racial/ethnic groups, some determinants of alcohol use are more salient among adolescents of color. Understanding the determinants of alcohol use that are most relevant to adolescents of color is critical to informing the content of culturally sensitive prevention programs. This paper focuses on two categories of determinants of alcohol use that are often targeted in culturally sensitive prevention programs: alcohol-specific behavioral determinants and socio-cultural determinants. The paper also reviews the literature on how socio-cultural determinants influence alcohol use through alcohol-specific determinants among adolescents of color, and concludes by discussing implications for future research, prevention, and social work education.
Microwave characterization of breast‐phantom materials

Corn syrup and glycerine are proposed as suitable breast‐phantom materials. These materials when diluted with water in definite proportions can serve as phantoms for normal, benign, and malign breast‐tissue samples. Dielectric permittivity and conductivity studies of these materials are performed using the cavity‐perturbation technique in the frequency range of 2.4–3.2 GHz. The results are compared with the in vitro breast‐tissue data and good agreement is reported. These materials are also useful as coupling media in microwave medical imaging. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 506–508, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20517
Extreme value theory, ergodic theory and the boundary between short memory and long memory for stationary stable processes

We study the partial maxima of stationary α-stable processes. We relate their asymptotic behavior to the ergodic theoretical properties of the flow. We observe a sharp change in the asymptotic behavior of the sequence of partial maxima as flow changes from being dissipative to being conservative, and argue that this may indicate a change from a short memory process to a long memory process.
Functional palladium metal films for plasmonic devices: an experimental proof

Palladium-based, Inverted surface plasmon resonance substrates with functional surfaces are presented and characterized. The advantages of the use of palladium in lieu of other metals (most notably gold) are discussed and assayed experimentally. We demonstrate how the bare metal films can be functionalized by thiol chemistry or by adsorption of functional graphene sheets and how the features of the surfaces affect the performance of the substrate.