Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity of Amine-multiwalled Carbon Nanotube for Biodiesel Production

An amine-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was prepared for use as a basic heterogeneous catalyst for the conversion of Cocos nucifera (coconut) oil and Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf) oil to biodiesel. The 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-APTMS) was chosen to form an amine-reactive surface to bind with hydroxyl (−OH) and carboxyl (−COOH) groups of oxidized MWCNT. Silanization took place using a green surface modification method in which supercritical carbon dioxide fluid was utilized under the following conditions: 55 °C, 9 MPa, and 1 h. The synthesized catalyst was characterized using Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive x-ray (FESEM-EDX), Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer–Emmett-Teller (BET). Transesterification of coconut oil using 10 wt% NH2-MWCNT catalyst (3 wt% APTMS), 12:1 molar ratio of methanol and oil at 63 °C for 1 h resulted in a >95% conversion. On the other hand, the same catalyst was used in the transesterification of kenaf oil, and formation of ammonium carboxylated salt was observed. The effects of temperature, pressure, and silane concentration on surface modification of MWCNT were evaluated in terms of the catalyst’s basic site density and fatty acid methyl ester conversion. The results indicate that reaction temperature and silane concentration had the most significant effects. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Peripheral Purinergic Modulation in Pediatric Orofacial Inflammatory Pain Affects Brainstem Nitroxidergic System: A Translational Research

Physiology of orofacial pain pathways embraces primary afferent neurons, pathologic changes in the trigeminal ganglion, brainstem nociceptive neurons, and higher brain function regulating orofacial nociception. The goal of this study was to investigate the nitroxidergic system alteration at brainstem level (spinal trigeminal nucleus), and the role of peripheral P2 purinergic receptors in an experimental mouse model of pediatric inflammatory orofacial pain, to increase knowledge and supply information concerning orofacial pain in children and adolescents, like pediatric dentists and pathologists, as well as oro-maxillo-facial surgeons, may be asked to participate in the treatment of these patients. The experimental animals were treated subcutaneously in the perioral region with pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulphonic acid (PPADS), a P2 receptor antagonist, 30 minutes before formalin injection. The pain-related behavior and the nitroxidergic system alterations in the spinal trigeminal nucleus using immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis have been evaluated. The local administration of PPADS decreased the face-rubbing activity and the expression of both neuronal and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase isoforms in the spinal trigeminal nucleus. These results underline a relationship between orofacial inflammatory pain and nitroxidergic system in the spinal trigeminal nucleus and suggest a role of peripheral P2 receptors in trigeminal pain transmission influencing NO production at central level. In this way, orofacial pain physiology should be elucidated and applied to clinical practice in the future.
Access to Healthy Wheat and Maize Processed Foods in Mexico City: Comparisons across Socioeconomic Areas and Store Types

The contributions of processed foods to the overweight and obesity problem in Latin America are well known. Engagement with the private and public sectors on possible solutions requires deeper insights into where and how these products are sold and the related implications for diet quality. This article characterizes the diversity of wheat and maize processed foods (WMPFs) available to consumers in Mexico City. Data were gathered across nine product categories at different points of sale (supermarkets, small grocery stores, convenience stores) in high and low socioeconomic (SE) areas. We assessed WMPFs based on Nutri-Score profile, price, and health and nutrition claims. Roughly 17.4% of the WMPFs were considered healthy, of which 62.2% were pastas and breads. Availability of healthy WMPFs was scarce in most stores, particularly in convenience stores Compared to supermarkets in the low SE area, those in the high SE area exhibited greater variety in access to healthy WMPFs across all product categories. In the low SE area, healthy WMPFs were priced 16–69% lower than unhealthy WMPFs across product categories. The extensive variety of unhealthy WMPFs, the limited stock of healthy WMPFs in most retail outlets, and the confusing health and nutrition claims on packaging make it difficult for urban consumers to find and choose healthy WMPFs.
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF THE USE OF GRAMMARLY IN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS WRITING

The purpose of the study was to investigate the students’ perception of using Grammarly in their undergraduate thesis writing. It also explores the Grammarly application's strengths and weaknesses. A random sampling technique was used to collect the sample. The mixed-method sequential explanatory design was used in this study. The participants of the study were 35 students enrolled in the English Education program at IAIN Palangka Raya of 2017. The SPSS 25 program was used to examine the data. The data in this study was gathered through the use of a questionnaire and an interview. The study's results showed that 80.1% of the participants highly agreed. This study found that students gave positive responses to the use of Grammarly to assist them to analyze their thesis writing. The findings showed that the Grammarly application has several strengths such as clear and easy-to-understand feedback, time savings for students when checking grammar, and a useful feature. Meanwhile, Grammarly's weaknesses are that it can’t detect tenses that the students used in a time, students can’t download the feedback in form of a file and they must pay to access all of Grammarly's premium features. Keywords: EFL Students Perception, Grammarly, Undergraduate Thesis Writing
Sexually transmitted infections incidence in young Thai men who have sex with men and transgender women using HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis

Background Sexually transmitted infections are a major public health issue worldwide. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among youth may be associated with increased incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Objectives To measure the prevalence and incidence of STIs among young men who have sex with men (YMSM) and young transgender women (YTGW) using PrEP. Methods A prospective cohort of 15- to 19-year-old YMSM and YTGW with HIV risk defined as inconsistent condom use and/or multiple sex partners were enrolled. Participants were provided daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine. STI screening was done at baseline and month 6 for syphilis, urine, and anal swab nucleic acid amplification testing for C. trachomatis (CT) and N. gonorrheaoe (NG). Results From March 2018 to June 2019, 200 adolescents (147 MSM and 53 TGW) with a median (IQR) age of 18 years (17–19) were enrolled. STI prevalence was 22.5% (95% CI 16.7–28.3). STI incidence was 25.2 per 100 person–years (95% CI 14.7, 40.3). Factors associated with STI incidence were self-reported >2 sex partners in the past month (unadjusted rate ratio [uRR] 4.6, 95% CI 1.0, 20.6), and moderate PrEP adherence (uRR 7.3, 95% CI 1.6, 32.6). Conclusions STI incidence in YMSM and YTGW PrEP users was high at approximately one in five. Regular screening and treatment of STIs should be implemented in youth HIV prevention packages.
Critiquing cultural appropriation, building community: desi online activism on Tumblr shame blogs and #reclaimthebindi

ABSTRACT Indo Chic describes a western fashion trend that extracts elements of South Asian fashion and accessories, including the bindi, tikka and henna, and styles them alongside Western fashion items. Indo Chic became popular again in 2013, and those who wore the style faced accusations of ‘cultural appropriation’ by communities of South Asian diasporic (desi) people. This article interrogates the contemporary iteration of Indo Chic, examining how the trend is represented, consumed, and subsequently critiqued in online spaces by desis. Through a critical discourse analysis of two online spheres of culture, Tumblr ‘shame blogs’ (youarenotdesi.tumblr.com and basicswearingbindis.tumblr.com) and the multiplatform hashtag #reclaimthebindi, this article argues that Indo Chic is an incendiary phenomenon that motivated global networks of desi people to engage in online activism and in doing so, build community and seek social change.
The Performance of Triple Sampling X Control Chart with Measurement Errors

ABSTRACT The presence of measurement errors can seriously alter the statistical performance of Phase II control charts. Up today, no research on designing the triple sampling control charts taking into account the gauge measurement errors is reported in the existing literature. In this paper, we study the adverse effect of measurement errors on detecting performance of triple sampling (TS)- control chart based on an additive covariate model. Three multiple measurement based triple sampling (MMBTS) schemes are developed to reduce the undesired impact of gauge inability on detecting performance of TS- chart. Through simulation studies in terms of average run length (ARL) and standard deviation of run length (SDRL), it is indicated that the run length characteristics of the TS- is significantly affected by the measurement errors. The results also confirm that all proposed remedial approaches can effectively reduce the undesired impact of imprecise measurements on performance of TS- chart. A sensitivity analysis is also carried out to evaluate how the covariate model parameters affect the detection performance of the TS- chart. Finally, using a real industrial data obtained from the spring production system, we demonstrate the performance of TS- chart when the measurement errors exist.
Flow Instability Inception Model of Compressors based on Eigenvalue Theory

An eigenvalue theory on flow stability in turbomachinery is proposed with the emphasis on flow instability onset. Based on this theory, a stall inception model including the effects of complex solid geometry is developed for multi-stage fan/compressors system. The capacity of the present model to predict the stall inception point is assessed against experimental data of both low speed and transonic single rotor. Comparisons with a simplified two-dimensional model are performed to identify the nonnegligible effects of spanwise distribution of flow field in a general configuration on the unstable mode of the concerned fan/compressors. It is verified that this model is capable of predicting stall onset point of both subsonic and transonic flow with a relative error of less than 1.8%, and it is sustainable in terms of computation cost for industrial application.
Student Loan Debt, Family Support, and Reciprocity in the Transition to Adulthood

This study explores student loans, family support, and reciprocity during the transition out of college into adulthood. We examine experiences of family financial assistance and co-living among college students and graduates with loans, and whether support and reciprocity systematically differed by loan presence. We conducted four waves of qualitative interviews with college graduates with loans at two public universities, in their senior year and annually for three years after graduation (N=24 participants, 72 interviews), and collected two rounds of survey data with undergraduates (N=3251) and graduates 15 months after graduation (N=176) from the same universities. Financial support from and living with family was common. Those with loans gave more money to family, even when they did not live with them. Interviews revealed that reciprocity, or expectations to help family in return for help received, could be burdensome. Findings indicate that receiving help may prolong—but also facilitate—the transition to adulthood.
Synergistic Inactivation of Bacteria Using a Combination of Erythorbyl Laurate and UV Type-A Light Treatment

This study evaluated the synergistic antimicrobial activity of erythorbyl laurate (EL) and UV type-A (UVA). To investigate the mode of synergism, changes in gene expression and bacterial inactivation activity were examined. Individual treatments with EL (10 mM) or UVA caused a 1.9- or 0.5-log CFU/ml reduction respectively, whereas EL/UVA co-treatment resulted in a 5.5-log CFU/ml reduction in Escherichia coli viable cell numbers. Similarly, treatment with either EL (2 mM) or UVA for 30 min resulted in a 2.8- or 0.1-log CFU/ml reduction in Listeria innocua, respectively, whereas combined treatment with both EL and UVA resulted in a 5.4-log CFU/ml reduction. Measurements of gene expression levels showed that EL and UVA treatment synergistically altered the gene expression of genes related to bacterial membrane synthesis/stress response. However, addition of 10–50-fold excess concentration of exogenous antioxidant compared to EL reduced the synergistic effect of EL and UVA by approximately 1 log. In summary, the results illustrate that synergistic combination of EL and UVA enhanced membrane damage independent of the oxidative stress damage induced by UVA and thus illustrate a novel photo-activated synergistic antimicrobial approach for the inactivation of both the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Overall, this study illustrates mechanistic evaluation of a novel photochemical approach for food and environmental applications.
Influence of Active Modified Atmosphere Packaging Pre-treatment on Shelf Life and Quality Attributes of Cold Stored Apricot Fruit

ABSTRACT After harvest, higher respiration rate in apricots limit their postharvest with extensive losses in fruit quality. Therefore, effect of different pre-storage treatment of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) were studied on the shelf life and quality of apricot cv. ‘Shahroudi’ fruit. Experimental treatments were control (air), and active MAP includes: MAP1 (10% O2/20% CO2), MAP2 (20% O2/10% CO2), MAP3 (5% O2/80% CO2), MAP4 (80% O2/5% CO2) and MAP5 (40% O2/20% CO2), all treatments were balanced by N2. After 6 days of pre-storage treatments, fruits were unpacked, repacked and then were stored at 2°C and 85% relative humidity for 28 days. Results indicated that MAP5 and MAP3 treatments significantly reduced weight loss and total soluble solids, and maintained fruit hardness in comparison with other treatments. High CO2 treatment improved postharvest traits of apricot. Interestingly, high CO2 in combination with high O2 (active MAP5) improved the sensory evaluation as scored the best treatment by panelists, and also maintained better chemical properties such as total phenolic compounds, total carotenoids, and vitamin C. In addition, shelf life of fruit in active MAP5 (29.6 days) significantly extended followed by active MAP3 (27.6 days), compared to control (14.6 days) without signs of decay until the end of the storage period. Overall, it can be concluded that the pre-storage treatment of fresh apricot fruit in an atmosphere with high O2 (40%) and CO2 (20%) concentrations had a positive effect on the post-harvest quality attributes and shelf life of apricot cultivar ‘Shahroudi,’ and can be suggested as an effective and practical method to prolong its postharvest life.
Modeling Driver Responses to Automation Failures With Active Inference

Automated vehicle (AV) technologies promise to improve traffic safety and reduce driver workload in the near future. However, most current implementations have limited capabilities and require transition of control between the vehicle and the human driver during automation failures. For this reason, models of driver behavior have been widely studied to assist the design and development of AV technologies. Recent works have shown that driver behavior models grounded in human cognitive information processing achieve better generalization than prior methods. In this work, we applied active inference, a framework of human perception, cognition, and behavior based on the predictive processing theory, to model driver emergency braking responses to automation failures. We estimated the model parameters from experimental data and examined the model parameters using a factor analysis. We verified the model’s braking response prediction capability in counterfactual scenarios. Our results show that the model effectively captured braking reaction times and provided insight on the correspondence between the variations in driver parameters and behavior.
Quality of Service in Virtual Cut-through Networks

This thesis explores the possibility of achieving class level and flow level Quality of Service guarantees in a Virtual Cut-Through network with a class based Quality of Service mechanism in conjunction with admission control. There is an increasing number of System Area Network technologies based on the Virtual Cut-Through principle. Many of these support Quality of Service mechanisms, but little work has been done on performing admission control in Virtual Cut-Through networks. Three different admission control algorithms for use in Virtual Cut-Through networks are proposed in this thesis. All three algorithms operate in accordance with the DiffServ philosophy, but the basis for their admission control decisions differ. The first relies on apriori knowledge of the capacity of each link, and has information about the load on each link in the network. Its decision is based on whether the links can support more traffic. The second method performs measurements at the egress of the network to ascertain whether the network can tolerate an increase in traffic with a given latency requirement. The third and final method for admission control measures the jitter of special probe packets as the basis for its decision. An evaluation of the proposed algorithms is presented through extensive simulation results. The Quality of Service properties that are studied are the ability to give bandwidth guarantees to each individual flow, and to the service class as a whole, and the latency and jitter characteristics that the traffic displays with the different admission control algorithms. Through these simulations the apparent limits of the admission control algorithms are discovered, and the range of QoS guarantees that may be achieved in Virtual Cut-Through networks becomes clear. The simulations show that throughput guarantees on the class level and the flow level are achievable, but that latency and jitter in VCT networks are hard to control. Finally, packet dropping is investigated as a method for reducing packet jitter. The results show that this method is able to reduce the jitter perceived by the network traffic, but it does not outperform some of the admission control
Analysis of Innovative Two-Span Suspension Bridges

Recently, two-span, or the so-called single pylon suspension bridges, due to their constructing structure, have been widely applied. A reduction in deformation seems to be the main problem of the behaviour and design of such bridges. The deformation of suspension bridges is mainly determined by cable kinematic displacements caused by temporary loadings rather than by elastic deformations. Not all known methods for the stabilization of the initial form of suspension bridges are suitable for single pylon bridges. The employment of the so-called rigid cables that increase the general stiffness of the suspension bridge appears to be one of the innovative methods for stabilizing the initial form of single pylon suspension bridges. Rigid cables are designed from standard steel profiles and, compared to the com- mon ones made of spiral and parallel wires, are more resistant to corrosion. Moreover, the construction joints, in terms of fabrication and installation, have a simpler form. However, calculation methods for such single pylon suspension bridges with rigid cables are not sufficiently prepared. Only single publications on the analysis of the behaviour of one or three-span suspension bridges with rigid cables have been available so far. The paper presents analytical expressions to calculate the displacements and internal forces of suspension bridges with rigid cables thus assessing the sequence of cable installation. Also, the paper describes the sequence of iterative calculation.
Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Kudzu Roots and Soy Molasses against Pediatric Tumors and Phytochemical Analysis of Isoflavones Using HPLC-DAD-ESI-HRMS

Pediatric solid tumors (PSTs) are life-threatening and can lead to high morbidity and mortality rates in children. Developing novel remedies to treat these tumors, such as glioblastoma multiforme and sarcomas, such as osteosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma, is challenging, despite immense attempts with chemotherapeutic or radiotherapeutic interventions. Soy (Glycine max) and kudzu roots (KR) (Pueraria spp.) are well-known phytoestrogenic botanical sources that contain high amounts of naturally occurring isoflavones. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of the extracts of KR and soy molasses (SM) against PSTs. The green extraction of isoflavones from KR and SM was performed using natural deep eutectic solvents. The extracts were subsequently analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detector (DAD) coupled with high-resolution (HR) mass spectrometry (MS), which identified 10 isoflavones in KR extracts and 3 isoflavones in the SM extracts. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of KR and SM extracts were assessed against glioblastoma multiforme (A-172), osteosarcoma (HOS), and rhabdomyosarcoma (Rd) cancer cell lines. The KR and SM extracts showed satisfactory cytotoxic effects (IC50) against the cancer cell lines tested, particularly against Rd cancer cell lines, in a dose-dependent manner. Antioxidant activity was found to be significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher in KR than in SM, which was consistent with the results of the cytotoxic activity observed with KR and SM extracts against glioblastoma and osteosarcoma cells. The total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities of the extracts were remarkably attributed to the isoflavone content in the KR and SM extracts. This study provides experimental evidence that HPLC-ESI-HRMS is a suitable analytical approach to identify isoflavones that exhibit potent antioxidant and anticancer potential against tumor cells, and that KR and SM, containing many isoflavones, can be a potential alternative for health care in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
The impact of COVID-19 on rural treatment-seeking families with children with overweight or obesity

ABSTRACT To examine the early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural parental stress and family behaviors, parents who participated in a 2nd-4th grade pediatric obesity intervention completed a survey in May 2020. Parents (N = 77) experienced 7.8 ± 2.7 events on the COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Scales (CEFIS) with an average impact of 2.5 ± 0.5, with many parents reporting moderate stress (73%). Parental stress was predictive of personal well-being getting “worse” while loss of income events were predictive of family routines getting “better. ” Professionals working with rural families may want to assess for these factors when promoting positive changes in family health behaviors.