Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of surgically facilitated accelerated orthodontics on treatment duration, root resorption and bone density

Introduction: The use of orthodontic treatment in adult patients for the treatment of malocclusion is becoming more common. But the major disadvantages of conventional orthodontic technique are the time consumed for the treatment (18 – 24 months), root resorption and formation of fenestrations and dehiscence. Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics (PAOO) is a surgical technique which results in an increase in alveolar bone width, shorter treatment time, increase post-treatment stability, and decrease in the amount of apical root resorption. Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of Periodontally Accelerated osteogenic Orthodontics (PAOO) with surgical bur and piezicision on: Duration of orthodontic space closure, amount of root resorption, and the bone density. Materials and Methods: Forty subjects who needed orthodontic treatment were randomly selected and divided into two groups. Group I consists of 20 subjects who were selected for Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics (PAOO) with surgical bur Group II: consists of 20 subjects who were selected for Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics (PAOO) with peizocision. Patients were recalled at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months and were evaluated for amount of retraction, bone density, root resorption and detection of fenestration and dehiscence. Cone Beam Computerised Tomography (CBCT) was used to evaluate the bone density, root resorption and for the detection of fenestration and dehiscence. Results: In subjects where corticotomy was carried out with surgical bur the treatment time was less as compared to PAOO with peizocision. Group I had a mean retraction of 5.99 ± 0.5 mm after 3 months (p<0.001). Group II had a mean retraction of 7.07 ± 0.35 mm (p<0.001) after 3 months. CBCT showed a statistically significant increase in bone density in the both PAOO group with surgical bur and peizocision 12 months after the surgery. Root resorption was negligible in Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontic (PAOO) with surgical bur (0.34mm) as compared to PAOO with peizocision (0.51mm). Conclusion: PAOO with surgical bur (Group I) decreases the treatment time as compared to piezocision (Group II). Amount of root resorption in Group I which was around 0.34 mm and that of Group II was around 0.51mm which is very minimal and increase in the bone density was seen in the post-operative CBCT.
Efecto de tiempo relativo en demoras de reforzamiento señaladas y no señaladas

One purpose of this study was to determine if by correlating each component of a multiple schedule with delays-of-reinforcement of either 0, 2, 4, or 8 s, a within-session delay-of-reinforcement gradient could be obtained. Reinforcement was delivered on each component using a tandem schedule composed by a random interval that added to each nominal delay yielded a constant interreinforcement interval (IRI) of either 32 or 128 s. Three pigeons were assigned to each IRI. Response rates in each component of the multiple schedules decreased gradually as the reinforcement delay was lengthened. A second purpose was to determine the point on a continuum defined by the probability of signaling the delay period p(signal) at which frequency-of-reinforcement effects become relative-time effects in a reinforcement-delay procedure. The p(signal) was either 0.00, 0.33, 0,66 or 1.00. When p(signal) was 0.00, global response rates for any given delay were higher with the 32 s than with the 128 s IRI, showing a frequency-of-reinforcement effect. When p(signal) was increased from 0.33 to 1.00 global response rates for any given delay were higher with the 128 s than the 32 s IRI, showing a relative-time effect.
Pattern and Severity of Early Childhood Caries among Preschool Children in Northern Region, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To investigate the pattern and severity of early childhood caries (ECC) by using the decayed and filled surface (dfs) index in preschool children in Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia. Material and Methods: A convenience sample of 270 preschool children below 5 years of age (144 boys, 126 girls) attending outpatient pediatric dental clinics was selected for the study. World Health Organization criteria were used to diagnose caries through assessment of the dfs index. Information regarding oral hygiene practices, socio-economic status, and educational status of the mother was obtained through a structured questionnaire given to mothers. The data were statistically analyzed with the Chi-square test and Student's t-test. Results: 73% of children were not brushing regularly; 74.4% of them were using fluoridated toothpaste. In the maxillary teeth, boys had a higher mean dfs index (10.25), as well as a higher number of decayed surfaces (ds), than girls. In the mandibular teeth, boys and girls had similar mean dfs indices. Significant differences were observed between boys and girls regarding filled buccal surfaces (p=0.001) and occlusal surfaces (p=0.001) in maxillary teeth. The mandibular first molar was the most commonly affected tooth (93.3%); lower anterior teeth were the least affected teeth (2-4%) among the primary dentition. Conclusion: The ECC pattern in the northern region of Saudi Arabia follows the typical pattern of nursing caries.
Urban Geographical Economics and per Capita GDP Growth in Romania

This paper analyses the growth dynamics in the Romanian economic over the period 1995-2008 and the link between them and the economic geography of the country in light of the transition process started in the early nineties. The analysis of the growth dynamics is carried out at different geographical scales and using different time spans. The analysis of the growth dynamics is followed by an econometric exercise which first tries to check for the (non)existence of convergence and then we have studied to which extend the economic geography of the country is a key ingredient in the observed growth dynamics. The results of our analysis point out that regardless of the period of study under consideration a catching-up process across Romanian counties is not taken place. Rather a divergence process is pretty much at work. Our second important conclusion is that the economic geography of the country is shaping the growth dynamics observed over the course of the years in Romania.
Clonal Diversity and Allelic Relationships between Two Closely Related Species of Columnar Cacti from the Sonoran Desert: Stenocereus eruca and Stenocereus gummosus

Stenocereus eruca and Stenocereus gummosus are two closely related columnar cacti of the Sonoran Desert that are thought to be highly clonal. In addition, it has been suggested that S. eruca has recently been derived from an S. gummosus–like ancestor. We used allozymes analysis to test these hypotheses and to describe levels of genotypic diversity in populations of both taxa. Allelic composition in S. eruca was a subset of the composition found in S. gummosus, while polymorphism and expected heterozygosity were greater in S. gummosus, supporting the hypothesis that S. eruca is a recently derived species. The proportion of unique genotypes ( \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $$G/N$$ \end{document} ) and genotype diversity (D) varied from 0.42 to 0.68 and from 0.78 to 0.98, respectively, among populations of S. eruca and from 0.64 to 0.96 and from 0.96 to 1.00, respectively, among populations of S. gummosus. The evidence on clonal diversity indicates that both species combine clonal growth and sexual recruitment as mechanisms of regeneration and that S. eruca seems to rely more on clonal propagation than does S. gummosus. We hypothesize that the procumbent growth habit of S. eruca in the plains of Magdalena may have evolved in response to aeolian dune formation during the Pleistocene.
The Neandertals and Modern Human Origins

In 1856 workmen unearthed a human fossil in the Neandertal in western Germany and started, inadvertently, the longest ongoing controversy in paleoanthropology. Who were the Neandertals? Do they deserve a place in our direct ancestry? What can they tell us about the nature of human evolution during the Pleistocene? More than a century and a quarter later, with abundant remains of the Neandertals and their neighbors, we are beginning to fill in the answers to these questions. In recent decades, there has been increased interest in these Upper Pleistocene humans. This has resulted in new attempts to comprehend their place in hominid phylogeny, the significance of their morphological pattern, and the evolutionary origins of anatomically modern humans. This new focus on the Neandertals has been aided by discoveries of additional fossil specimens of them and of their temporal and geographical neighbors, by an improved chronological framework for the later Pleistocene, by increased knowledge of non-European sequences, and by a continuously improving command of the Upper Pleistocene Paleolithic archeological record. Yet the majority of the new insights concerning these humans has come from asking novel questions and taking different approaches to the prehistoric record. Consequently, the study of the Neandertals has taken on a new life. It is one that has produced as many questions as answers. It is also one that tells us much about the
Landscape and climatic effects on the evolutionary diversification of the Perognathus fasciatus species group

Abstract We evaluated evolutionary relationships of taxa within silky pocket mice of the Perognathus fasciatus species group, composed of 3 species, P. fasciatus, P. flavescens, and P. apache. These species are distributed throughout the Great Plains, Wyoming Basin, Colorado Plateau, and northern Chihuahuan Desert biogeographic regions in North America. We tested a previously postulated hypothesis of Pleistocene species divergence and introgression by analyzing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). Both mtDNA and AFLP data support several genetic lineages in the fasciatus species group that are geographically structured. Molecular clock estimates reject a Pleistocene speciation hypothesis in favor of a deeper, more complex evolutionary history of initial divergence in the Miocene followed by secondary diversification beginning in the middle Pliocene and progressing through the Pleistocene. Results support recognition of an additional species within the group. Temporal and spatial congruence between the mtDNA clades in the fasciatus species group and other codistributed species of Perognathus appear to support a hypothesis of concerted diversification throughout the Chihuahuan Desert, Colorado Plateau, and Great Plains.
FOUNDING FAMILY OWNERSHIP AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM CONSUMER GOODS INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA

This research investigates the significant influence of family ownership on firm performance in order to provide information to decision makers and other interested parties. The analysis includes comparisons between family and non-family firm performance in Indonesia. The samples are taken from 31 consumer goods companies, listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange, ranging from 2005 to 2009. The results show that non-family firms perform better than family firms and no significant influence between family ownership and firms’ profitability. On the other hand, family ownership has negative contribution to firm market valuation. The study suggests that family firms have lower financial performance than that of non-family. Family members within the top position have major control rights and contribute a negative influence to firm performance. The evidence raises concerns about possible profit manipulation and weak governance law in Indonesia, and as a result there is an expropriation of wealth to the majority and family related shareholders.
Au-delà des réclamations - Comprendre et gérer les litiges

Au-delà de la réclamation, l’objectif de cet article est de proposer une analyse des litiges de consommation. Une exploration qualitative des perceptions, des jugements et des comportements des clients permet de mettre au jour le « schéma narratif canonique » qui organise leurs discours. Ceux-ci se présentent comme le récit d’affrontements nés d’un contrat entre l’entreprise et le client, qui met en jeu les compétences que ce dernier doit déployer dans l’action. La sanction éclaire les conséquences que les entreprises peuvent en tirer pour la prévention et la gestion des litiges.
Membangun Koperasi Berbasis Anggota dalam Rangka Pengembangan Ekonomi Rakyat

Penelitian ini tujuannya untuk kesejahteraan anggota koperasi di ukur dari keempat variabel yaitu Sumber daya manusia (SDM), kualitas fungsi manajemen, sumber bantuan dari anggota koperasi, dan agama adalah Pengambilan sampel di dasarkan atas potensi wilayah dan kondisi perekonomian, yaitu; wilayah perkebunan, nelayan, peternakan dan perindustrian rakyat. Perkembangan perkoperasian di wilayah kerja, badan perkoperasian umumnya berada pada posisi menunggu fasilitas bantuan, baik bantuan dana maupun bantuan pendapat, tuntunan ataupun panduan dari pemerintah atau dari instansi swasta lainnya. Sebagian badan koperasi yang terdaftar dilapangan, masih berada pada posisi untuk menantikan penggerak atau kedatangan fasilitas kesempatan atau kesempatan istimewa seperti yang pernah diperolehnya terdahulu.
Phylogenetic of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and a typical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Isolated From Human andCattle in Kerman, Iran

Background: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) have emerged as the important zoonotic food-borne pathogens and confirming the risk to public health. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a major cause of children diarrhoea in developing countries. E. coli strains can be assigned to four main phylogenetic groups, A, B1, B2 and D. Objectives: The aim of the current study was to analyze the distribution of phylogenetic groups and presence of STEC and atypical EPEC pathotypes in E. coli isolated from human diarrhea and fecal samples of healthy cattle in Kerman, Iran by PCR. Materials and Methods: A total of 188 E. coli isolates were isolated from human diarrheic (94 isolates) and fecal healthy cattle (94 isolates) samples. The isolates were identified by standard bacteriological tests. The confirmed isolates were examined to detect the phylogenetic groups and a selection of virulence genes including stx1, stx2 and eae by PCR. Results: Phylotyping of isolates from diarrheic human showed that 38.29% belonged to A, 20.21% to B1, 14.89% to B2 and 26.59% to D phylo groups. The isolates of healthy cattle distributed in A (34.04%), B1 (47.88%), B2 (7.44 %) and D (10.64%) phylo-groups. Prevalence of eae gene in human diarrheic isolates was 5.32% (5 isolates), whereas none of the human diarrheic isolates were positive for stx1 and stx2 genes. Among cattle isolates 7.44% (7 isolates) were positive for stx1 gene and 5.32% (5 isolates) possessed eae gene. Of the all isolates examined, none were positive for the stx2 gene. The eae gene were positive for isolates of human diarrhea distributed in A and B2 phylo-groups and isolates possessed stx1 and eae genes from healthy cattle fell into A (4 isolates), B1 (7) and B2 (one isolate). Conclusions: The isolates of human diarrhea samples and fecal healthy cattle were distributed into different phylogenetic groups, which mostly distributed in A and B1 phylo-groups. In addition, results of this study revealed the lower prevalence of SETC and aEPEC in isolates.
Gall Aphids on Poplar in Alberta: I. Descriptions of Galls and Distributions of Aphids

No research has previously been conducted on gall aphids on poplar in Alberta. Strickland (1953) published records of some of these aphids in his list of Hemiptera of Alberta. Manson (1931) mentioned that noctuids fed in galls of Pemphigus populitransversus Riley. In the United States, several workers have reported on these aphids. Palmcr (1952, pp. 358-372) published a key to and some bioiogical notes on several species of the genus Pemphigus and related genera. Maxson and Knowlton (1929) gave considerable information on the life-history and classification of the tribe Pemphigini. Maxson (1923) and Hottes and Frison (1931) published keys to the same tribe. Essig (1926, pp. 259-261), Gillette (1913). Gillette and Bragg (1915), Jackson (1908), Oestlund and Hottes (1926), Patch (1913), Swaine (1919), and Williams (1910) also reported on some of the gall aphids on poplar.
Studies on the growth of Otolithes ruber (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), Johnius carutta Bloch, 1793 and Pennahia macrophthalmus (Bleeker, 1850) from Paradeep coast, Orissa, India

The growth parameters of three species of sciaenids viz.,, Otolithes ruber, Johnius carutta and Pennahia macrophthalmus from Paradeep coast, Orissa State are reported in the present communication. Employing Bhattacharya-Gulland and Holt plot, the asymptotic length (L∞) and growth co-efficient have been estimated as 511, 305 and 303 mm and 0.67, 0.84 and 0.86 year-1 for O. ruber, J. carutta and P. macrophthalmus respectively. The φ prime ranged from 2.90 – 3.24. The growth parameters estimated in the present investigation were compared with the studies conducted for these three species from different parts of the world.
Effects of Acupuncture on Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objectives Evidence for the effects of acupuncture on delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is inconsistent. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of acupuncture on DOMS. Methods Studies investigating the effect of acupuncture on DOMS in humans that were published before March 2020 were obtained from eight electronic databases. The affected muscles, groups, acupuncture points, treatment sessions, assessments, assessment times, and outcomes of the included articles were reviewed. The data were extracted and analyzed via a meta-analysis. Results A total of 15 articles were included, and relief of DOMS-related pain was the primary outcome. The statistical meta-analysis showed that there were no significant differences between acupuncture and sham/control groups, except for acupuncture for DOMS on day 1 (total SMD = −0.62; 95% CI = −1.12∼0.11, P < 0.05) by comparing with control groups. Conclusion Acupuncture for DOMS exhibited very-small-to-small and small-to-moderate effects on pain relief for the sham and no acupuncture conditions, respectively. Evidence indicating the effects of acupuncture on DOMS was little because the outcome data during the follow-up were insufficient to perform an effective meta-analysis.
The Postural Control Indexes during Unipodal Support in Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis

Proper posture provides the best balance and body stability at minimal muscular effort. It is constantly controlled by the central nervous system, which integrates the stimuli from the proprioceptors (deep feeling sensors), vision receptors, and balance receptors through the subcortical structures. The main purpose of the study was to describe single stance stability and its correlation with the degree of scoliosis and trunk rotation among patients suffering from idiopathic scoliosis and in the control group without scoliosis. The study included 80 patients (69 girls and 11 boys) and 40 healthy children without scoliosis (21 girls and 19 boys). The Cobb angle technique was used to determine the magnitude of the deformity. All subjects were divided into three subgroups according to Bogdanov's classification. Single stance stability with eyes open and eyes closed was assessed with an electronic postural station—Delos Postural Proprioceptive System (DPPS). In case of multiple group comparisons for variables with normal distribution ANOVA with Scheffe, post hoc test was used or Kruskal-Wallis test was used as the nonparametric equivalent. The relationship between the two continuous variables was investigated using either Pearson product-moment correlation or Spearman's rank correlation. In all these calculations, the statistical significance level was set to p < 0.05. The single stance test showed a significant difference between the stability index with eyes open and stability index with eyes closed in study and control groups. The character of these alterations is influenced by the degree of trunk rotation. The degree of scoliosis according to Bogdanov classification does not determine the decrease in stability indexes. In summary, significantly lower values of the stability index during one-leg standing with eyes closed indicated balance impairment, which is mainly connected with inadequate functioning of the proprioceptive system.
Long-Term Vegan Meditation Improved Human Gut Microbiota

Objective Meditation has been widely used for the treatment of a variety of psychological, cardiovascular, and digestive diseases as well as chronic pain. Vegetarian diets can effectively prevent hypertension, metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity, and certain cancers. Meditation and vegetarian diets have been recognized as components of a healthy lifestyle and have therefore attracted more people around the world. Meditation can help regulate overall health through the neural-endocrine-immune network. Changes in dietary habits can affect the composition of the intestinal flora, which in turn affects human physiology, metabolism, nutrition, and immune function through the bacteria-intestine-brain axis. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of long-term meditation and vegan diet on human intestinal flora. Materials and Methods The present study used 16S rDNA sequencing technology to detect the differences in intestinal flora between 12 healthy vegan subjects receiving long-term meditation training and 12 healthy omnivorous subjects who never received any meditation training. Results The results showed that, compared with the subjects in the omnivorous healthy control group who had never received any meditation training, the intestinal flora structure in the people who followed the long-term vegan meditation practices changed significantly. The intersection set between the results of the LEfSe analysis and the Wilcoxon rank sum test includes 14 bacterial genera. These 14 genera are defined as the dominant genera, and the AUC value was 0.92 in the ROC curve, which demonstrates that the 14 genera can be used as a biomarker to distinguish the two groups. Three beneficial bacteria genera (Bifidobacterium, Roseburia, and Subdoligranulum) were significantly enriched in the meditation group with a threshold of 4, according to the LDAs. The functional prediction of differentially enriched intestinal flora showed that the metabolism of tyrosine, propionate, niacin, and nicotinamide in the intestinal micro-organisms in the meditation group was significantly reduced compared with those in the control group, while the biosynthesis of flavones, flavone alcohols, butosin, and neomycin; flavonoid-mediated oocyte maturation; cytoskeleton protein pathways; and antigen processing and presentation were significantly enhanced. Conclusions These results indicate that long-term vegan meditation plays a positive role in improving the body's immunity and adjusting endocrine and metabolic levels, enabling the body to be in a state of good health.