Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrating exploration and prediction in computational psychotherapy science: proof of concept

Introduction Psychotherapy research has long preferred explanatory over predictive models. As a result, psychotherapy research is currently limited in the variability that can be accounted for in the process and outcome of treatment. The present study is a proof-of-concept approach to psychotherapy science that uses a datadriven approach to achieve robust predictions of the process and outcome of treatment. Methods A trial including 65 therapeutic dyads was designed to enable an adequate level of variability in therapist characteristics, overcoming the common problem of restricted range. A mixed-model, data-driven approach with cross-validation machine learning algorithms was used to predict treatment outcome and alliance (within- and between-clients; client- and therapist-rated alliance). Results and discussion Based on baseline predictors only, the models explained 52.8% of the variance for out-of-sample prediction in treatment outcome, and 24.1–52.8% in therapeutic alliance. The identified predictors were consistent with previous findings and point to directions for future investigation. Although limited by its sample size, this study serves as proof of the great potential of the presented approach to produce robust predictions regarding the process and outcome of treatment, offering a potential solution to problems such as p-hacking and lack of replicability. Findings should be replicated using larger samples and distinct populations and settings.
SMALL HADROSAUR MANUS AND PES TRACKS FROM THE LOWER CANTWELL FORMATION (UPPER CRETACEOUS) DENALI NATIONAL PARK, ALASKA: IMPLICATIONS FOR LOCOMOTION IN JUVENILE HADROSAURS

Abstract: We report on a paired set of manus and pes tracks from the lower part of the Upper Cretaceous Cantwell Formation in Denali National Park, Alaska, USA. The tridactyl track is bi-lobed in the ‘heel' and the morphology allows attribution to a hadrosaurid. While adult hadrosaurs typically reached body lengths of 1200 cm, the length of this Alaskan pes impression is approximately 11 cm, which provides a hip height estimate of approximately 44–45 cm for this trackmaker. The manus impression is approximately 3.6 cm wide and 2.75 cm long. While hypothesized through studies of skeletal anatomy, given the small body size of the hadrosaur that made these tracks, this paired set of impressions indicates that at least some juvenile hadrosaurs were facultative quadrupeds rather than obligatory bipeds.
Difforecast: Image Generation Based Highway Traffic Forecasting with Diffusion Model

Monitoring and forecasting of road traffic conditions is a common practice for real traffic information system, and is of vital importance to traffic management and control. While dynamic traffic patterns can be intuitively represented by space-time diagrams, this study proposes a new concept of space-time image (ST-image) to incorporate physical meanings of traffic state variables. We therefore transform the forecasting problem for time-series traffic states into a conditional image generation problem. We explore the inherent properties of the ST images from the perspectives of physical meaning and traffic dynamics. An innovative deep learning based architecture is designed to process the ST-image, and a diffusion model is trained to obtain traffic forecasts by generating the future ST-images based on the historical patterns.
A Mixed-Methods Exploration Of Opportunities For Barriers And Bias During Off Site Animal Adoption Events

Introduction: Adopters and animal shelter leaders are calling for higher equity in services provided by animal shelters to their communities. Specifically, restrictive pet adoption processes have been proposed as a threat to equitable service. The study had three specific goals: (1) to describe the basic characteristics of off-site adoption events, (2) to describe the adoption processes in use by shelters and to determine if there is any potential for unconscious bias in these processes, and (3) to determine if adoption practices differ depending on the characteristics of the animal shelter. Methods: A total of 484 participants reported on how they conduct adoption events and their adopter selection procedures. Characteristics of organisations and their adoption event procedures were described and compared across organisation size using Chi-squared tests. Qualitative responses to open-ended questions asking about screening procedures were analysed through inductive thematic analysis. Results: Commonly, adoption events were held weekly (n = 158, 33.1%) in locally owned stores (n = 259, 54.4%), with volunteers engaging directly with potential adopters (n = 423, 88.5%). Just under half responded that adopters could take pets straight home from the event (n = 229, 47.8%) and that the adoption process does not require a home visit (n = 276, 57.7%). Qualitative analysis revealed three major groups of themes: ‘methods of selection’, ‘information gathered by the animal shelter’, ‘information provided by the animal shelter’. The sub-theme of ‘Vibes’ (coded for 39.4% participants, n = 175) encompassed decision-making based on intuition or feeling when meeting or observing potential adopters face-to-face. Generally, larger organisations held adoption events more frequently, were more likely to let adopters take animals straight home, and did not require a home visit. However, both types of organisations showed a potential for implicit bias when selecting adopters. Conclusion: Our results suggest that procedures of adoption events in animal shelters vary across organisation, with some practices differing based on organisation size. Given that our results suggest possibility for implicit bias when screening adopters during adoption events, we conclude that there is a need for increased awareness, research, and training to address the issue of implicit bias in animal sheltering organisations.
A Stand‐Alone Si‐Based Porous Photoelectrochemical Cell

Wireless photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices promise easy device fabrication as well as reduced losses. Here, the design and fabrication of a stand‐alone ion exchange material‐embedded, Si membrane‐based, photoelectrochemical cell architecture with micron‐sized pores is shown, to overcome the i) pH gradient formation due to long‐distance ion transport, ii) product crossover, and iii) parasitic light absorption by application of a patterned catalyst. The membrane‐embedded PEC cell with micropores utilizes a triple Si junction cell as the light absorber, and Pt and IrOx as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reactions and oxygen evolution reactions, respectively. The solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency of 7% at steady‐state operation, as compared to an unpatterned ηPV of 10.8%, is mainly attributed to absorption losses by the incorporation of the micropores and catalyst microdots. The introduction of the Nafion ion exchange material ensures an intrinsically safe PEC cell, by reducing the total gas crossover to <0.1%, while without a cation exchange membrane, a crossover of >6% is observed. Only in a pure electrolyte of 1 m H2SO4, a pH gradient‐free system is observed thus completely avoiding the build‐up of a counteracting potential.
Predicted Land Use Change in the Soyang River Basin

In the case of Soyang River basin, water quality has deteriorated due to land use change within the watershed. This study aims to extract variables which influence land use change, and predict future land use changes in the Soyang River basin using 1995 and 2000 land use maps. The prediction map is validated with the map of actual land use for 2006 to test the applicability of the land use prediction model, using relative operating characteristic (ROC) and variations of the Kappa index of agreements (Kno, Klocation, Kstandard) for major land use classes (urban, forest, agriculture). The forest class has a high accuracy for both distribution ratio and spatial agreement, while urban and agriculture classes have a high accuracy for their distribution ratio and a low accuracy for spatial agreement. These results demonstrate that the model can predict overall distribution ratio without predicting exactly where land use changes occur, because urban and agricultural changes are more closely related to socio-economic factors than environmental factors used in this research.
Evolution-Bootstrapped Simulation: Artificial or Human Intelligence: Which Came First?

Humans have created artificial intelligence (AI), not the other way around. This statement is deceptively obvious. In this note, we decided to challenge this statement as a small, lighthearted Gedankenexperiment. We ask a simple question: in a world driven by evolution by natural selection, would neural networks or humans be likely to evolve first? We compare the Solomonoff--Kolmogorov--Chaitin complexity of the two and find neural networks (even LLMs) to be significantly simpler than humans. Further, we claim that it is unnecessary for any complex human-made equipment to exist for there to be neural networks. Neural networks may have evolved as naturally occurring objects before humans did as a form of chemical reaction-based or enzyme-based computation. Now that we know that neural networks can pass the Turing test and suspect that they may be capable of superintelligence, we ask whether the natural evolution of neural networks could lead from pure evolution by natural selection to what we call evolution-bootstrapped simulation. The evolution of neural networks does not involve irreducible complexity; would easily allow irreducible complexity to exist in the evolution-bootstrapped simulation; is a falsifiable scientific hypothesis; and is independent of / orthogonal to the issue of intelligent design.
Repurposing radiosensitising medicines for radiotherapy: an overview

Repurposing established non-cancer drugs for the treatment of cancer offers potential benefits such as speed of clinical translation and financial efficiencies. In this study, we assess the landscape of repurposing drugs for combined use with radiotherapy (RT) based on their capacity to increase tumour radiosensitivity. Using a literature-based approach, we identified 42 radiosensitising drugs with varied non-cancer indications and mechanisms of action, that have entered or completed clinical trials in combination with RT or with chemoradiotherapy. Two compounds, nicotinamide and nimorazole, have entered routine but limited clinical use in combination with radiotherapy. We provide an overview on these successfully repurposed drugs, and highlight some examples of unsuccessful repurposing efforts and drug candidates with an uncertain prospect of success. Upon reviewing the trials, we identified some common themes behind the unsuccessful efforts, including poor trial reporting, absence of biomarkers and patient selection, sub-optimal pharmacological properties, inappropriate trial design, lack or inadequate consideration of pre-clinical and clinical data, and limited funding support. We point out future directions to mitigate these issues and increase the likelihood of success in repurposing drug treatments for radiotherapy.
India‐Asia convergence: Insights from burial and exhumation of the Xigaze fore‐arc basin, south Tibet

The composite fore‐arc/syncollisional Xigaze basin in south Tibet preserves a key record of India‐Asia collision. New apatite fission track and zircon (U‐Th)/He data from an N‐S transect across the preserved fore‐arc basin sequence near Xigaze show a consistent northward Late Cretaceous to middle Miocene younging trend, while coexisting apatite (U‐Th‐Sm)/He ages are all Miocene. Corresponding detrital zircon U‐Pb data are also reported for constraining the Cretaceous depositional ages of the Xigaze basin sequence in the region. Thermal history modeling indicates that the basin experienced northward propagating episodic exhumation, along with a northward migration of the depocenter and a pre‐existing Cenozoic syncollisional basin sequence which had been removed. In the southern part, fore‐arc exhumation commenced in the Late Cretaceous (~89 ± 2 Ma). Following transition to a syncollisional basin in the Paleocene, sedimentation in the central and northern Xigaze basin continued until the latest Eocene (~34 ± 4 Ma). Ongoing folding and thrusting (e.g., Great Counter Thrusts) caused by progressive plate convergence during late Oligocene‐early Miocene time resulted in regional uplift and considerable basin denudation, which fed two fluvial basins along its northern and southern flanks and exposed the basement ophiolite. Subsequent incision of the Yarlung River resulted in Miocene cooling in the region. Different episodes in the exhumation history of the Xigaze basin, caused by thrusting of an accretionary wedge and ophiolitic basement, can be linked to changes in India‐Asia convergence rates and the changing subduction pattern of the Indian and Neo‐Tethyan slabs.
Effect of Formaldehyde Inhalation on Leukocyte Counts and Malondialdehyde Levels in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Formaldehyde is a chemical compound that is often found in everyday life, such as in the chemical industry to research laboratories. Formaldehyde has toxic properties that can harm humans in long term exposure. The genotoxic and cytotoxic properties of formaldehyde can cause oxidative stress. This study assesses the number of leukocytes and levels of malondialdehyde in Wistar rats induced by 40 ppm formaldehyde. This study used 12 Wistar rats taken at random and put into 2 groups, namely the control and treatment groups. The treatment group was given formaldehyde inhalation at a concentration of 40 ppm for 16 weeks. At the 16th week, rat blood was taken retroorbital to calculate the number of leukocytes and levels of malondialdehyde. The calculation results were then tested statistically using IBM SPSS Statistics 25 software. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the number of leukocytes in the control group and the treatment group. This study also showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between malondialdehyde levels in the control group and the treatment group. In conclusion, there was no effect of formaldehyde induction with a concentration of 40 ppm on the number of leukocytes and there was an effect of formaldehyde induction with a concentration of 40 ppm on malondialdehyde levels in Wistar rats.
Groundwater quality of the coastal aquifers in the eastern part of Thermaikos Gulf (from Aggelochori to Kallikrateia)

The study area is located in the coastal area of the eastern Thermaikos Gulf, covering an area of 252 km. The area is characterised by intense agricultural activity, and during the past few years it has undergone considerable residential development. From a geological point of view, the area consists of Quaternary alluvial coastal deposits, river terraces and Neogene deposits (marly limestones and sandstone-marl series). The bedrock formations are Jurassic limestone and Mesozoic granite. The main aquifer system is developed within the sand, gravel, and sandstone layers of the Quaternary deposits as well as within the sandstone-marl series. This paper investigates the relationship between the groundwater quality and groundwater level. Groundwater sampling and water level measurements took place in April and September 2010. The results of chemical analyses indicate degradation of the groundwater quality. The sources of the groundwater pollution are seawater intrusion due to the overexploitation of the coastal aquifers, fertilizers from the agricultural activities and the disposal of untreated wastewater in torrents.
5-Day-Wave Interactions with Tropical Precipitation in CMIP5 Models

AbstractThe 5-day Rossby–Haurwitz wave is unlike other large-scale wave modes that interact with tropical rainfall in that associated rainfall presents as a modulation of localized areas of rainfall instead of propagating with the wave. This form of wave-modulated convective organization in climate models has received little attention. This study investigates the simulation of interactions between the 5-day wave and tropical convection in 30 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and compares these with the interaction diagnosed from ERA-Interim and TRMM precipitation data. Models simulate the dry dynamics of the 5-day wave well, with realistic coherences between upper- and lower-tropospheric winds, as well as magnitudes and geographic distribution of wave wind anomalies being close to observations. The models consistently display significant coherences between 5-day-wave zonal winds and precipitation but perform less well at simulating the spatial distribution and magnit.
Seaweed-Based Dripping Stimulates Root Growth of Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus undatus[Haw.] Britton & Rose) Stem Cuttings

Developing a solid root system is essential in dragon fruit propagation not only for securing the succulent stem but also for facilitating the absorption of water and essential minerals from the soil. However, dragon fruit stem cuttings normally develop good root system for about 4-6 months after planting. There are commercially available growth hormones which hasten rooting, but these are relatively expensive. Hence, alternative hormones from natural materials that possess the ability to stimulate rooting are extensively explored. The efficacy of seaweed-based drippings (SD) as potential rooting bio-stimulant for dragon fruit cuttings were evaluated under nursery condition. Branch cuttings (30 cm long) were soaked at 6, 12 and 18 h at the rate of 50 mL, 100 mL and 150 mL SD per liter of water (H2O), with H2O, and ANAA (5 mL/L of H2O) served as positive and negative control treatments, respectively. There were 18 cuttings in each experimental units, replicated thrice and arranged in a 3 × 5 Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Results showed that 12 h soaking initiated more and longer roots and shoots. In addition, it appeared that the application of a solution containing SD at 100 mL/L of H20 resulted in the development of numerous and longer roots and shoots, a larger number of lateral roots, and a greater root-shoot ratio than other treatments. Furthermore, application of SD at 100 mL/L of H20 through dipping for 12 h developed more lateral roots compared to other treatment combinations. In conclusion, it can be inferred that the presence of phytohormones, such as auxins, in seaweed concentrates has the potential to effectively stimulate root formation in pitaya.
False belief understanding in deaf children: what are the difficulties?

Children with cochlear implants (CIs) demonstrate proficiency in verbal-story elicited-response (VS-ER) false-belief tasks, such as the Sally & Ann task, at a similar age as typically developing hearing children. However, they face challenges in non-verbal spontaneous-response (NV-SR) false-belief tasks, measured via looking times, which hearing infants typically pass by around 2 years of age, or earlier. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether these difficulties remain in a non-verbal-story elicited-response (NVS-ER) false-belief task, in which children are offered the opportunity to provide an elicited response to a non-verbal-story task. A total of thirty 4- to 8-year-old children with CI-s and hearing children completed three different kinds of false-belief tasks. The results showed that children with CI-s performed above chance level on the verbal task (i.e., VS-ER task), but not on the two non-verbal tasks, (i.e., NVS-ER and NV-SR tasks). The control group of typically developing hearing children performed above chance on all three kinds of tasks (one-tailed significance level). Our findings highlight the importance of external narrative support for children with CIs in tasks that involve mental perspective-taking, and specifically predicting actions based on false beliefs.
Local atmospheric forcing driving an unexpected California Current System response during the 2015–2016 El Niño

The 2015–2016 El Niño contributed to large anomalies across the California Current System (CalCS), but these anomalies ceased unexpectedly in late 2015. Here we use a suite of three hindcast simulations with the Regional Oceanic Modeling System to assess the responsible mechanisms for this development. We find that the early buildup was primarily driven by the early onset of this event in the tropical Pacific, driving anomalies in the CalCS through the propagation of coastally trapped waves. In contrast, the abrupt end in the central CalCS was caused by the unusual onset of upwelling favorable winds in the fall of 2015, which offset the continuing remote forcing through the coastal waveguide. Nevertheless, low‐nutrient anomalies persisted, causing anomalously low phytoplankton abundance in the upwelling season of 2016. This is a recurring pattern for all El Niño events over the last 37 years, suggesting predictive skill on seasonal timescales.
Exploring Farmers’ Perception and Constraints on the Adoption of Small-Scale Irrigation in Hulet Eju Enesie District, North-Western Ethiopia

Irrigation farming is one approach to reduce climate-related risks, and make production possible throughout the year. Nevertheless, farmers were limited to using small-scale irrigation (SSI) in the study area. This study mainly analyzed the perception of farmers’ and their constraints to use irrigation. The study used a multistage sampling technique to collect the primary data from 102 nonuser and 82 irrigation user respondents. Likert rating scale, relative importance index (RII), and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The result of the RII indicates that, irrigation ensures high-net income (0.87), high-market demand for products (0.84), and insurance against drought (0.82) were highly perceived as advantageous attributes of the irrigation. Whereas, production cost (0.85), skill requirements (0.74), and declining soil fertility (0.65) were strongly perceived as relative disadvantage attributes of irrigation. Plant disease, input shortages, ineffective water distribution, and poor transportation are identified as major constraints for farmers to practice irrigation. Overall, farmers commonly noted the importance of irrigation. However, irrigation users highly perceived the positive attributes; whereas nonusers extremely perceived the negative attributes of irrigation. This implies the existence of perception differences between the two groups of farmers. Therefore, concerned stakeholders should strive to close the perception gap toward irrigation through interventions.
Occurrence and pathology of various parasitic conditions in cattle in Bikaner (Bos indicus)

The present study was conducted to evaluate the parasitic conditions of the cardiovascular system in cattle. A total number of 436 specimens of the cardiovascular system of cattle irrespective of age, sex, and breed were examined and out of these 122 samples, suspected abnormalities were further processed for histopathological examination. Parasitic condition like Sarcocystosis condition was recorded in 28 (23%) cases. Macroscopically, myocardium showed hemorrhages and necrotic area. Microscopically, the sarcocysts were seen with degenerative changes and myocarditis. It is concluded that the sarcocyst (23%) infection is the primary cardiovascular affection in cattle. The second parasitic condition Onchocerciasis was observed in 1 (0.82%) case. Grossly, parasitic granulomas, surrounded by hard connective tissue, were seen, extending outward the aorta serosa Microscopically, numerous sections of the onchocerca parasite were found in the tunica intima of aorta.