Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vacuum ultraviolet photoabsorption spectroscopy of space-related ices: 1 keV electron irradiation of nitrogen- and oxygen-rich ices

Context. Molecular oxygen, nitrogen, and ozone have been detected on some satellites of Saturn and Jupiter, as well as on comets. They are also expected to be present in ice-grain mantles within star-forming regions. The continuous energetic processing of icy objects in the Solar System induces physical and chemical changes within the ice. Laboratory experiments that simulate energetic processing (ions, photons, and electrons) of ices are therefore essential for interpreting and directing future astronomical observations. Aims. We provide vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoabsorption spectroscopic data of energetically processed nitrogen- and oxygen-rich ices that will help to identify absorption bands and/or spectral slopes observed on icy objects in the Solar System and on ice-grain mantles of the interstellar medium. Methods. We present VUV photoabsorption spectra of frozen O2 and N2, a 1:1 mixture of both, and a new systematic set of pure and mixed nitrogen oxide ices. Spectra were obtained at 22 K before and after 1 keV electron bombardment of the ice sample. Ices were then annealed to higher temperatures to study their thermal evolution. In addition, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used as a secondary probe of molecular synthesis to better identify the physical and chemical processes at play. Results. Our VUV data show that ozone and the azide radical (N3) are observed in our experiments after electron irradiation of pure O2 and N2 ices, respectively. Energetic processing of an O2:N2 = 1:1 ice mixture leads to the formation of ozone along with a series of nitrogen oxides. The electron irradiation of solid nitrogen oxides, pure and in mixtures, induces the formation of new species such as O2, N2, and other nitrogen oxides not present in the initial ice. Results are discussed here in light of their relevance to various astrophysical environments. Finally, we show that VUV spectra of solid NO2 and water can reproduce the observational VUV profile of the cold surface of Enceladus, Dione, and Rhea, strongly suggesting the presence of nitrogen oxides on the surface of the icy Saturn moons.
Outer dense fibre proteins from human sperm tail : Molecular cloning and expression analyses of two cDNA transcripts encoding proteins of ∼70 kDa

The outer dense fibres (ODF) are a main cytoskeletal structure of the sperm tail. Despite their importance in the morphology and function of the sperm tail, their constituents are poorly described. Here we investigate the protein composition of human outer dense fibres. Our results suggest that human ODF consist of about 10 major and of at least 15 minor proteins, where all major proteins are ODF1, ODF2 or ODF2-related proteins. From a human testis cDNA library, we isolated two slightly different cDNAs encoding ODF2 proteins of ~70 kDa. Human ODF2 cDNAs and their encoded proteins are very similar to those isolated from rat and mouse pointing to a high evolutionary pressure residing on these proteins. Transcription of ODF2 is restricted to testis tissue and more specifically to round spermatids as was demonstrated by a non-radioactive in-situ hybridization. ODF2 proteins were detected in the sperm tail. Their distribution along the length of the sperm tail shows that the ODF normally extend to about half the principal piece of the sperm tail. The former result opens the possibility for a screening regarding the distribution of sperm tail proteins related to motility disorders.
Constraining hidden photons via atomic force microscope measurements and the Plimpton-Lawton experiment

Modifications to electrodynamics from physics beyond the Standard Model can be tested to a high accuracy. Here we use two setups to place bounds on hidden photons, an Abelian boson kinetically mixed with the photon. The first setup involves atomic force microscope measurements, originally designed to study the Casimir effect at sub-$\mu$m distances. The second setup consists of two concentric metal shells with the outer one exposed to a high voltage. By measuring the potential difference between the shells it is possible to test Coulomb's law. The limits obtained here cover regions already excluded, in particular by astrophysical observations, but provide a more direct, laboratory-based confirmation of these bounds.
Do common cuckoos (Cuculus canorus) possess an optimal laying behaviour to match their own egg phenotype to that of their Oriental reed warbler (Acrocephalus orientalis) hosts

Received 20 June 2015; revised 6 August 2015; accepted for publication 7 August 2015Optimality theory suggests that parasitic cuckoos should evolve an optimal laying behaviour aiming to positivelyselect host nests in which the eggs match the phenotype of their own eggs, thus minimizing the rejection riskfrom hosts and, in turn, maximizing the cuckoos’ ﬁtness. We tested this hypothesis by investigating cuckoo-eggmatching between parasitized and nonparasitized nests in a common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) host, the Orientalreed warbler (Acrocephalus orientalis), by use of Vorobyev–Osorio and Nature-Pattern-Match models to quantifythe matching of egg colour and pattern from avian vision, respectively. The results of our study indicated thatcuckoo-egg matching in parasitized nests was no better than that in nonparasitized nests, and thus we found nosupport for the optimal laying hypothesis in cuckoos. The mixed conclusions from all previous studies, includingthe present study, may be explained by (1) the parallel coevolution in different cuckoo–host systems; (2) theinappropriate methodology; and (3) the deﬁciency of the assumption itself. We suggest that a better methodologyshould be developed to solve the puzzle of whether cuckoos choose to lay eggs matching those of the host. © 2015The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 00, 000–000.
On superintegrability of 3D axially-symmetric non-subgroup-type systems with magnetic fields

We extend the investigation of three-dimensional Hamiltonian systems of non-subgroup type admitting non-zero magnetic fields and an axial symmetry, namely the circular parabolic case, the oblate spheroidal case and the prolate spheroidal case. More precisely, we focus on linear and some special cases of quadratic superintegrability. In the linear case, no new superintegrable system arises. In the quadratic case, we found one new minimally superintegrable system that lies at the intersection of the circular parabolic and cylindrical cases and another one at the intersection of the cylindrical, spherical, oblate spheroidal and prolate spheroidal cases. By imposing additional conditions on these systems, we found for each quadratically minimally superintegrable system a new infinite family of higher-order maximally superintegrable systems. These two systems are linked respectively with the caged and harmonic oscillators without magnetic fields through a time-dependent canonical transformation.
Physics-Informed Tensor-Train ConvLSTM for Volumetric Velocity Forecasting of the Loop Current

According to the National Academies, a week long forecast of velocity, vertical structure, and duration of the Loop Current (LC) and its eddies at a given location is a critical step toward understanding their effects on the gulf ecosystems as well as toward anticipating and mitigating the outcomes of anthropogenic and natural disasters in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). However, creating such a forecast has remained a challenging problem since LC behavior is dominated by dynamic processes across multiple time and spatial scales not resolved at once by conventional numerical models. In this paper, building on the foundation of spatiotemporal predictive learning in video prediction, we develop a physics informed deep learning based prediction model called—Physics-informed Tensor-train ConvLSTM (PITT-ConvLSTM)—for forecasting 3D geo-spatiotemporal sequences. Specifically, we propose (1) a novel 4D higher-order recurrent neural network with empirical orthogonal function analysis to capture the hidden uncorrelated patterns of each hierarchy, (2) a convolutional tensor-train decomposition to capture higher-order space-time correlations, and (3) a mechanism that incorporates prior physics from domain experts by informing the learning in latent space. The advantage of our proposed approach is clear: constrained by the law of physics, the prediction model simultaneously learns good representations for frame dependencies (both short-term and long-term high-level dependency) and inter-hierarchical relations within each time frame. Experiments on geo-spatiotemporal data collected from the GoM demonstrate that the PITT-ConvLSTM model can successfully forecast the volumetric velocity of the LC and its eddies for a period greater than 1 week.
Global estimates for the Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov equations

Abstract We prove that certain Sobolev-type norms, slightly stronger than those given by energy conservation, stay bounded uniformly in time and N. This allows one to extend the local existence results of the second and third author globally in time. The proof is based on interaction Morawetz-type estimates and Strichartz estimates (including some new end-point results) for the equation in mixed coordinates such as The main new technical ingredient is a dispersive estimate in mixed coordinates, which may be of interest in its own right.
A family of probability distributions consistent with the DOZZ formula: towards a conjecture for the law of 2D GMC

A three parameter family of probability distributions is constructed such that its Mellin transform is defined over the same domain as the 2D GMC on the Riemann sphere with three insertion points $(\alpha_1,\alpha_2,\alpha_3)$ and satisfies the DOZZ formula in the sense of Kupiainen et al. (Ann. Math. 191 (2020) 81 -- 166). The probability distributions in the family are defined as products of independent Fyodorov-Bouchaud and powers of Barnes beta distributions of types $(2, 1)$ and $(2, 2). $ The constructed family provides a metric-independent conjecture for the law of the GMC.
Fast optimization via inertial dynamics with closed-loop damping

In a Hilbert space H, in order to develop fast optimization methods, we analyze the asymptotic behavior, as time t tends to infinity, of inertial continuous dynamics where the damping acts as a closed-loop control. The function f : H → R to be minimized (not necessarily convex) enters the dynamic through it gradient, which is assumed to be Lipschitz continuous on the bounded subsets of H. This gives autonomous dynamical systems with nonlinear damping and nonlinear driving force. We first consider the case where the damping term ∂φ(ẋ(t)) acts as a closed-loop control of the velocity. The damping potential φ : H → R + is a convex continuous function which achieves its minimum at the origin. We show the existence and uniqueness of a global solution to the associated Cauchy problem. Then, we analyze the asymptotic convergence properties of the trajectories generated by this system. To do this, we use techniques from optimization, control theory, and PDE's: Lyapunov analysis based on the decreasing property of an energy-like function, quasi-gradient and Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz theory, monotone operator theory for wave-like equations. Convergence rates are obtained based on the geometric properties of the data f and φ. We put forward minimal hypotheses on the damping term guaranteeing the convergence of trajectories, thus showing the dividing line between strong and weak damping. When f is strongly convex, we give general conditions on the damping potential φ which provide exponential convergence rates. Then, we extend the results to the case where an additional Hessian-driven damping enters the dynamic, which reduces the oscillations. Finally, we consider an inertial system with a closed-loop damping involving jointly the velocityẋ(t) and the gradient ∇f (x(t)). This study naturally leads to similar results for the proximal-gradient algorithms which can be derived by temporal discretization, some of them are studied in the article. In addition to its original results, this work surveys the numerous works devoted in recent years to the interaction between continuous damped inertial dynamics and numerical algorithms for optimization, with the emphasis on autonomous systems, closed-loop adaptive procedures, and convergence rates.
The relative roles of environment and history as controls of tree species composition and richness in Europe

Aim This study investigates the determinants of European‐scale patterns in tree species composition and richness, addressing the following questions: (1) What is the relative importance of environment and history? History refers to lasting effects of past large‐scale events and time‐dependent cumulative effects of ongoing processes, notably dispersal limited range dynamics. (2) Among the environmental determinants, what is the relative importance of climate, soils, and forest cover? (3) Do the answers to questions 1 and 2 differ between conifers and Fagales, the two major monophyletic groups of European trees?
MusPy: A Toolkit for Symbolic Music Generation

In this paper, we present MusPy, an open source Python library for symbolic music generation. MusPy provides easy-to-use tools for essential components in a music generation system, including dataset management, data I/O, data preprocessing and model evaluation. In order to showcase its potential, we present statistical analysis of the eleven datasets currently supported by MusPy. Moreover, we conduct a cross-dataset generalizability experiment by training an autoregressive model on each dataset and measuring held-out likelihood on the others---a process which is made easier by MusPy's dataset management system. The results provide a map of domain overlap between various commonly used datasets and show that some datasets contain more representative cross-genre samples than others. Along with the dataset analysis, these results might serve as a guide for choosing datasets in future research. Source code and documentation are available at this https URL .
COVID-19 in CXR: From Detection and Severity Scoring to Patient Disease Monitoring

This work estimates the severity of pneumonia in COVID-19 patients and reports the findings of a longitudinal study of disease progression. It presents a deep learning model for simultaneous detection and localization of pneumonia in chest Xray (CXR) images, which is shown to generalize to COVID-19 pneumonia. The localization maps are utilized to calculate a “Pneumonia Ratio” which indicates disease severity. The assessment of disease severity serves to build a temporal disease extent profile for hospitalized patients. To validate the model's applicability to the patient monitoring task, we developed a validation strategy which involves a synthesis of Digital Reconstructed Radiographs (DRRs - synthetic Xray) from serial CT scans; we then compared the disease progression profiles that were generated from the DRRs to those that were generated from CT volumes.
Merger Rate Density of Population III Binary Black Holes Below, Above, and in the Pair-instability Mass Gap

We present the merger rate density of Population III binary black holes (BHs) by means of a widely used binary population synthesis code BSE with extensions to very massive and extreme metal-poor stars. We consider not only low-mass BHs (lBHs: 5–50M ⊙) but also high-mass BHs (hBHs: 130–200M ⊙), where lBHs and hBHs are below and above the pair-instability mass gap (50–130M ⊙), respectively. Population III BH–BHs can be categorized into three subpopulations: BH–BHs without hBHs (hBH0s: m tot ≲ 100M ⊙), with one hBH (hBH1s: m tot ∼ 130–260M ⊙), and with two hBHs (hBH2s: m tot ∼ 270–400M ⊙), where m tot is the total mass of a BH–BH. Their merger rate densities at the current universe are ∼0.1 yr−1 Gpc−3 for hBH0s, and ∼0.01 yr−1 Gpc−3 for the sum of hBH1s and hBH2s, provided that the mass density of Population III stars is ∼1013 M ⊙ Gpc−3. These rates are modestly insensitive to initial conditions and single star models. The hBH1 and hBH2 mergers can dominate BH–BHs with hBHs discovered in the near future. They have low effective spins ≲0.2 in the current universe. The number ratio of hBH2s to hBH1s is high, ≳0.1. We also find that BHs in the mass gap (up to ∼85M ⊙) merge. These merger rates can be reduced to nearly zero if Population III binaries are always wide (≳100R ⊙), and if Population III stars always enter into chemically homogeneous evolution. The presence of close Population III binaries (∼10R ⊙) is crucial for avoiding the worst scenario.
FaceOff: Detecting Face Touching with a Wrist-Worn Accelerometer

According to the CDC, one key step of preventing oneself from contracting coronavirus (COVID-19) is to avoid touching eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands. However, touching one's face is a frequent and spontaneous behavior---one study observed subjects touching their faces on average 23 times per hour. Creative solutions have emerged amongst some recent commercial and hobbyists' projects, yet most either are closed-source or lack validation in performance. We develop FaceOff---a sensing technique using a commodity wrist-worn accelerometer to detect face-touching behavior based on the specific motion pattern of raising one's hand towards the face. We report a survey (N=20) that elicits different ways people touch their faces, an algorithm that temporally ensembles data-driven models to recognize when a face touching behavior occurs and results from a preliminary user testing (N=3 for a total of about 90 minutes).
Soroepidemiologia de Toxoplasma gondii em gatos domiciliados atendidos em clínicas particulares de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

The sera of 245 cats from Porto Alegre, southern Brazil, were tested by indirect hemagglutination (IHA) and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) in order to determine the frequency of Toxoplasma antibodies. Information such as breed, sex, age and access or not to the street and dietary habits were assessed using an epidemiological questionnaire and also statistical analysis for correlation with the serological results obtained. The test results showed rates of 26,9 and 37,9% for IHA and IIF, respectively, suggesting that these cats have acted as a source of environmental contamination at some time during the course of their lifetime, possibly shedding oocysts, especially those with free access to the street.
Elasticity Meets Continuous-Time: Map-Centric Dense 3D LiDAR SLAM

Map-centric SLAM utilizes elasticity as a means of loop closure. This approach reduces the cost of loop closure while still providing large-scale fusion-based dense maps, when compared to trajectory-centric SLAM approaches. In this article, we present a novel framework, named ElasticLiDAR++, for multimodal map-centric SLAM. Having the advantages of a map-centric approach, our method exhibits new features to overcome the shortcomings of existing systems associated with multimodal (LiDAR-inertial-visual) sensor fusion and LiDAR motion distortion. This is accomplished through the use of a local continuous-time trajectory representation. Also, our surface resolution preserving matching algorithm and normal-inverse-Wishart-based surfel fusion model enables nonredundant yet dense mapping. Furthermore, we present a robust metric loop closure model to make the approach stable regardless of where the loop closure occurs. Finally, we demonstrate our approach through both simulation and real data experiments using multiple sensor payload configurations and environments to illustrate its utility and robustness.
Modular Answer Set Programming as a Formal Specification Language

Abstract In this paper, we study the problem of formal verification for Answer Set Programming (ASP), namely, obtaining a formal proof showing that the answer sets of a given (non-ground) logic program P correctly correspond to the solutions to the problem encoded by P, regardless of the problem instance. To this aim, we use a formal specification language based on ASP modules, so that each module can be proved to capture some informal aspect of the problem in an isolated way. This specification language relies on a novel definition of (possibly nested, first order) program modules that may incorporate local hidden atoms at different levels. Then, verifying the logic program P amounts to prove some kind of equivalence between P and its modular specification.
Rejection of artificial cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) eggs in relation to variation in egg appearance among reed warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus)

Passerines that are exposed to brood parasitism can evolve reduced intraclutch variation in egg appearance to facilitate recognition and rejection of the parasitic egg. This has been shown to be true for European passerine species that are assumed to have participated in an evolutionary arms race with the cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). However, few investigations have been carried out with the aim of finding out whether there is a relationship between these two traits within a species. In this study, we compare the level of intraclutch variation in egg appearance and the rejection of an unlike parasitic egg within a population of reed warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) in the south-eastern part of the Czech Republic. We parasitized reed warbler nests with an artificial non–mimetic cuckoo egg, and then monitored the reaction of the hosts. In 27 out of 48 nests (56.3%) the parasitic egg was rejected. The rejecter pairs had a statistically significantly lower intraclutch variation in egg appearance than the acceptor pairs. We discuss possible explanations for the observed relationship between rejection of unlike eggs and intraclutch variation in egg appearance within this population of reed warblers. The results are consistent with the evolutionary arms race hypothesis, but the intermediate rejection rate found in this population could also be maintained by an equilibrium between acceptors and rejecters due to rejection costs.
Orcein, C- and NOR-banding on mitotic chromosomes of some wild diploid coffee species (Coffea L.)

The mitotic chromosomes of four diploid and auto-incompatible coffee species – Coffea congensis, C. eugenioides, C. liberica and C. stenophylla have been comparatively analyzed by acetic orcein, C-banding and nucleolar organizer region (NOR)-banding techniques in order to complete the chromosome characterization in the Coffea genus, by determining morphometric parameters and heterochromatin localization, and to establish karyotype traits, including the degree of symmetry/asymmetry of the karyotypes of the four studied species. The subject is of practical interest because botanical classification of coffee species is still controversial and the reported results can contribute to a better comprehension of interspecific relationships as well as of the evolutionary trends in Coffea. Some species differed from others based on some karyomorphometric parameters. The karyotype formula obtained was the same for all coffee species analyzed, 3m + 6sm + 2sms. All species displayed a moderate karyotype asymmetry and according to the Stebbins system, C. congensis and C. liberica were classified as 2A while C. eugenioides and C. stenophylla, classified as 2B, were more asymmetrical than the two former ones. Among the four indices used to assess karyotype asymmetry, Stebbins and Paszko AI indices were the best suited to individualize the species. C-bands occurred preferentially at pericentromeric/centromeric position. Two pairs of chromosomes with secondary constriction and satellite segments were observed in the species following acetic orcein staining. C. congensis, C. eugenioides and C. liberica displayed one pair of chromosomes with the NOR-band after silver staining procedure, while C. stenophylla showed two pairs. Data on morphometric chromosome and NOR-banding results were suitable for the characterization of the species.