Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Alexander polynomial for Virtual Twist Knots

We define a family of virtual knots generalizing the classical twist knots. We develop a recursive formula for the Alexander polynomial $\Delta_0$ (as defined by Silver and Williams) of these virtual twist knots. These results are applied to provide evidence for a conjecture that the odd writhe of a virtual knot can be obtained from $\Delta_0$.
Arithmeticity of discrete subgroups containing horospherical lattices

Let $G$ be a semisimple real algebraic Lie group of real rank at least two and $U$ be the unipotent radical of a non-trivial parabolic subgroup. We prove that a discrete Zariski dense subgroup of $G$ that contains an irreducible lattice of $U$ is an arithmetic lattice of $G$. This solves a conjecture of Margulis and extends previous work of Hee Oh.
Starting mechanisms and dynamics of bubble formation induced by a Ho:Yttrium aluminum garnet laser in water

The starting mechanisms and dynamics of laser-induced bubble formation at a submerged fiber tip in distilled water were experimentally investigated using pressure measurements and fast flash videography. A fiber guided Ho:YAG laser operating in the free running (τ=200 μs) and Q-switched (τ=45 ns) mode at a wavelength of λ=2.12 μm was used as a light source. It is shown that the beam profile at the distal fiber tip (multimode fiber d=300 μm) exhibits hot spots that result in an inhomogeneous temperature distribution in the heated water volume. Depending on the laser irradiance, three different bubble formation processes are distinguished: bubble formation by heating, by rarefraction (cavitation), and by a combination of these two processes. For laser irradiances of less than 0.5 MW/ cm2 bubble formation takes place at temperatures near the critical point of water (T=280 °C). A rapid decrease in the threshold temperature for bubble formation was found for laser irradiances between 0.5 and 1 MW/cm 2. At lase.
Encapsulated Phytase Produced by Recombinant Yarrowia lipolytica Exhibits High Efficiency on Broiler Chickens in Low Dosage

Phytases are the largest group of feed enzymes increasing the accessibility of organic phosphorus for the animals. Feed phytases are usually sold as dried powder of secreting producers, mainly micellar fungi. We proposed a new technology for producing phytase from Obesumbacterium proteus (OPP) in yeast Yarrowia lipolytica as cytosolic protein (encapsulated OPP), where the capsule (yeast cell) protects the enzyme from unfavourable factors (acid medium and active proteolysis in stomachs) and releases it along with the substrate in the duodenum only. Here we report results of testing the encapsulated OPP on the model of a broiler chicken in comparison to a conventional phytase from Aspergillus ficuum. The encapsulated OPP at a dosage of 30 FYT/kg provided the maximum body weight of the chicken in the end of experiment equal or somewhat higher than in the control group, where the available phosphorus deficit was complemented with a mineral phosphorus supply. In contrast, the conventional soluble phytase at a dosage of 100 or 1000 FYT/kg was not able to compensate for the phosphorus deficit in the diet, although chemical analysis demonstrated much phosphorus in the diet in a non-accessible form. The encapsulated OPP decreased the residual Pi in the chicken faeces by 2.1 times in comparison to the control when added to the diet, whereas the conventional phytases negligibly affected this parameter regardless of the dosage.
Submicron imaging of buried integrated circuit structures using scanning confocal electron microscopy

Two-dimensional images of model integrated circuit components were collected using the technique of scanning confocal electron microscopy. For structures embedded about 5 μm below the surface of a silicon oxide dielectric, a lateral resolution of 76±9 nm was measured. Elemental mapping via x-ray emission spectrometry is demonstrated. A parallax analysis of images taken for various tilt angles to the electron beam allowed determination of the spacing between two wiring planes. The results show that scanning confocal electron microscopy is capable of probing buried structures at resolutions that will be necessary for the inspection of next-generation integrated circuit technology.
Comparison of acoustic features of word accent in English and Japanese.

In order to determine the universal and language-specific characteristics for wordaccent, its acoustic manifestations were analyzed and compared in the disyllabic words of English (“permit, ” “record, ” “object” etc.) and in the two-mora words of Japanese (“ame”). Analyses on the fundamental frequency contours (F0 contours) of these words were made using the functional model of F0 contour generation proposed by one of the authors. While a marked similarity was observed between F0 contour characteristics of English and Japanese in cases of both first-syllable accented and second-syllable accented, individual differences were much greater in the accent command for English words with an accented first syllable. Segmental and syllabic durations were measured on the speech waveform, and it was found that the accentual changes in duration occur mainly in the second syllable in Japanese, while in English they tend to be complementary in the first and the second syllables. The intensity and formant frequencies of syllabic nuclei were also analyzed. The results of these analyses indicated that duration, intensity and formant frequencies are less stable than F0 contour as correlates for the word accent both in English and in Japanese.
Randomized Gradient-Free Distributed Online Optimization via a Dynamic Regret Analysis

This work considers an online distributed optimization problem, with a group of agents whose local objective functions vary with time. Moreover, the value of the objective function is revealed to the corresponding agent after the decision is executed per time-step. Thus, each agent can only update the decision variable based on the revealed value and information collected from the neighbors, without the knowledge on the explicit expression of the objective function. To solve this problem, an online gradient-free distributed projected gradient descent algorithm is presented, where each agent locally approximates the gradient based on two point values. With some standard assumptions on the communication graph and the objective functions, we provide the bound for the dynamic regret as a function of the minimizer path length, step-size, and smoothing parameter. Under appropriate selections of the step-size and smoothing parameter, we prove that the dynamic regret is sublinear with respect to the time duration $T$ if the minimizer path length also grows sublinearly. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is illustrated through numerical simulations.
Computational dosimetry in MRI in presence of hip, knee or shoulder implants: do we need accurate surgery models?

Objective. To quantify the effects of different levels of realism in the description of the anatomy around hip, knee or shoulder implants when simulating, numerically, radiofrequency and gradient-induced heating in magnetic resonance imaging. This quantification is needed to define how precise the digital human model modified with the implant should be to get realistic dosimetric assessments. Approach. The analysis is based on a large number of numerical simulations where four ‘levels of realism’ have been adopted in modelling human bodies carrying orthopaedic implants. Main results. Results show that the quantification of the heating due to switched gradient fields does not strictly require a detailed local anatomical description when preparing the digital human model carrying an implant. In this case, a simple overlapping of the implant CAD with the body anatomy is sufficient to provide a quite good and conservative estimation of the heating. On the contrary, the evaluation of the electromagnetic field distribution and heating caused by the radiofrequency field requires an accurate description of the tissues around the prosthesis. Significance. The results of this paper provide hints for selecting the ‘level of realism’ in the definition of the anatomical models with embedded passive implants when performing simulations that should reproduce, as closely as possible, the in vivo scenarios of patients carrying orthopaedic implants.
All-optical electrical chirped pulse generation based on nonlinear wavelength-to-time conversion in a chirped fiber Bragg grating

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a novel approach to optically generating chirped microwave pulse with tunable chirp rate based on spectral shaping and nonlinear wavelength-to-time conversion using a tunable nonlinearly chirped fiber Bragg grating (NL-CFBG). In our approach, the optical power spectrum of a ultrashort pulse from a femtosecond pulsed laser (FSPL) is shaped by a two-tap Sagnac loop filter (SLF) that has a sinusoidal spectral response. The spectrum shaped pulse is then reflected by an appropriately designed NL-CFBG to perform the nonlinear wavelength-to-time mapping. The microwave pulse with a tunable chirp rate is then generated at the output of a high-speed photodector (PD). The NL-CFBG used in the system is produced from a regular linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating (LCFBG) using a new technique based on strain-gradient beam tuning. A simple mathematical model to describe the chirped pulse generation is developed. A proof-of-principle experiment based on the proposed method is carried out.
Global existence and exponential decay rates for the Westervelt equation

We consider the Westervelt equation which models propagation of sound in a fluid medium. This is an accepted in nonlinear acoustics model which finds a multitude of applications in medical imaging and therapy. The PDE model consists of the second order in time evolution which is both quasilinear and degenerate. Degeneracy depends on the fluctuations of the acoustic pressure. Our main results are : (1) global well-posedness, (2) exponential decay rates for the energy function corresponding to both weak and strong solutions. The proof is based on (i) application of a suitable fixed point theorem applied to an appropriate formulation of the PDE which exhibits analyticity properties of the underlying linearised semigroup, (ii) exploitation of decay rates associated with the dissipative mechanism along with barrier's method leading to global wellposedness. The obtained result holds for all times, provided that the initial data are taken from a suitably small ball characterized by the parameters of the equation.
Slow blow-up solutions for the H^1(R^3) critical focusing semi-linear wave equation in R^3

We prove the existence of energy solutions of the energy critical focusing wave equation in R^3 which blow up exactly at x=t=0. They decompose into a bulk term plus radiation term. The bulk is a rescaled version of the stationary "soliton" type solution of the NLW. The construction depends crucially on the renormalization procedure of the "soliton" which we introduced in our companion paper on the wave map problem.
Decomposition of lanthanum hafnate at high pressures

establishthat it decomposes into its constituent oxides beyond 18 GPa. These results are supported by our ﬁrst-principles total energy calculations. Raman scattering results also imply that the products of dissociation are inan amorphouslike state beyond 50 GPa but crystallize slowly upon release of pressure.DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.77. 214105 PACS number s : 61.50. Ks, 61.05. cp, 78.30. j, 71.15. Mb
Structural and Biophysical Characterization of Stable Alpha-Synuclein Oligomers

The aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) into neurotoxic oligomers and fibrils is an important pathogenic feature of synucleinopatheis, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). A further characteristic of PD is the oxidative stress that results in the formation of aldehydes by lipid peroxidation. It has been reported that the brains of deceased patients with PD contain high levels of protein oligomers that are cross-linked to these aldehydes. Increasing evidence also suggests that prefibrillar oligomeric species are more toxic than the mature amyloid fibrils. However, due to the heterogenous and metastable nature, characterization of the α-syn oligomeric species has been challenging. Here, we generated and characterized distinct α-syn oligomers in vitro in the presence of DA and lipid peroxidation products 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE). HNE and ONE oligomer were stable towards the treatment with SDS, urea, and temperature. The secondary structure analysis revealed that only HNE and ONE oligomers contain β-sheet content. In the seeding assay, both DA and ONE oligomers significantly accelerated the aggregation. Furthermore, all oligomeric preparations were found to seed the aggregation of α-syn monomers in vitro and found to be cytotoxic when added to SH-SY5Y cells. Finally, both HNE and ONE α-syn oligomers can be used as a calibrator in an α-syn oligomers-specific ELISA.
Anti‐thymocyte globulin‐mediated immunosenescent alterations of T cells in kidney transplant patients

Kidney transplant (KT) is the most effective treatment for end‐stage renal disease. The immunosuppressant anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) has been applied for induction therapy to reduce the risk of acute transplant rejection for patients at high immunological risk. Despite its putative role in replicative stress during immune reconstitution, the effects of ATG on T‐cell immunosenescent changes remain to be understood.
Accretion radiation from nearby isolated black holes

On a etabli de nouvelles contraintes concernant d'eventuels objets massifs obscurs, si ce sont des trous noirs, en considerant que le rayonnement du a l'accretion de matiere interstellaire ne doit pas rendre les plus proches directement observables comme des objets optiques. On a egalement evalue la brillance IR. On montre que les trous noirs du halo doivent avoir une masse inferieure a environ 10 3 M○. et que la matiere sombre dans le disque galactique ne peut pas etre constituee de trous noirs de masse superieure a 10 M○.
A generalized occupation time formula for continuous semimartingales

We show that for a wide class of functions F we have lim \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage{bbm} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} $$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\varepsilon \downarrow 0} \frac{1}{\varepsilon }\int\limits_0^t {\{ F(s,X_s ) - F(s,X_s - \varepsilon )\} d\left\langle {X,X} \right\rangle _s = - } \int\limits_0^t {\int\limits_\mathbb{R} {F(s,x)dL_s^x } }$$ \end{document} where X t is a continuous semimartingale, ( L t x , x ∈ ℝ, t ≧ 0) its local time process and (〈 X, X 〉 t , t ≧ 0) its quadratic variation process.
RECTANGLE CONDITION FOR COMPRESSION BODIES AND 2-FOLD BRANCHED COVERINGS

We give the rectangle condition for strong irreducibility of Heegaard splittings of 3-manifolds with non-empty boundary. We apply this to a generalized Heegaard splitting of 2-fold covering of S3 branched along a link. The condition implies that any thin meridional level surface in the link complement is incompressible. We also show that the additivity of width holds for a composite knot satisfying the condition.
Transversality theorems on generic linearly perturbed mappings.

In his celebrated paper "Generic projections", John Mather has given a striking transversality theorem and its applications on generic projections. On the other hand, in this paper, two transversality theorems on generic linearly perturbed $C^r$ mappings are shown $(r\geq 1)$. Moreover, some applications of the two theorems are also given.
The Distribution of rich clusters of galaxies

A catalogue is prepared of 2712 rich clusters of galaxies found on the National Geographic Society--Palomar Observatory Sky Survey. From the catalogue, 1682 clusters are selected which meet specific criteria for inclusion in a homogeneous statistical sample. An investigation of the sample leads to the following conclusions: (i) The distribution function of clusters according to richness, N(n) increases rapidly as n decreases. (ii) The data allow no significant decision that the spatial density of cluster centers varies with distance. (iii) Galactic obscuration of the order of a few tenths of a magnitude (photored) exists at high northern galactic latitudes around galactic longitude 300°. (iv) There is a highly significant nonrandom distribution of clusters in direction, both when clusters at all distances and when clusters at various distances are considered. An analysis of the distribution yields strong evidence for the existence of second-order clusters, that is clusters of clusters of galaxies. A statistical test shows the observed distribution to be compatible with the assumption of complete second-order clustering of galaxies.
Trapped modes embedded in the continuous spectrum

The existence of trapped modes due to rigid obstacles placed symmetrically in between parallel walls having either Neumann or Dirichlet conditions imposed upon them are well known to occur for frequencies below the continuous spectrum or channel cut-off and for a range of geometric configurations. In this paper, we provide convincing numerical evidence for an additional isolated trapped mode of both Neumann and Dirichlet type embedded in the continuous spectrum (or above the channel cut-off) in the case of a rigid circular cylinder placed on the centre-plane of the channel. Thus,for each type of mode we give results showing that there is just one cylinder size and wave frequency at which the trapped mode occurs.
The Elementary Theory of Restricted Analytic Fields with Exponentiation

numbers with exponentiation is model complete. When we combine this with Hovanskii's finiteness theorem [9], it follows that the real exponential field is o-minimal. In o-minimal expansions of the real field the definable subsets of R' share many of the nice structural properties of semialgebraic sets. For example, definable subsets have only finitely many connected components, definable sets can be stratified and triangulated, and continuous definable maps are piecewise trivial (see [5]). In this paper we will prove a quantifier elimination result for the real field augmented by exponentiation and all restricted analytic functions, and use this result to obtain o-minimality. We were led to this while studying work of Ressayre [13] and several of his ideas emerge here in simplified form. However, our treatment is formally independent of the results of [16], [17], [9], and [13].
Studies of neutron cross-sections important for spallation experiments using the activation method

A series of experiments devoted to studies of neutron cross-sections by activation method was carried out. The cross-sections of various threshold reactions were studied by means of different quasi-monoenergetic neutron sources with energies from 14 MeV up to 100 MeV. Threshold reactions in various materials are among other used to measure fast neutron fields produced during accelerator driven system studies. For this reason our measurements of neutron cross-sections are crucial. At present, neither experimental nor evaluated data above 30 MeV are available for neutron threshold reactions in Au, I and In published in this proceedings. We studied materials in the form of thin foils and compared our data with the calculations preformed using the deterministic code TALYS 1.4.
Interior polynomial for signed bipartite graphs and the HOMFLY polynomial

The interior polynomial is a Tutte-type invariant of bipartite graphs, and a part of the HOMFLY polynomial of a special alternating link coincides with the interior polynomial of the Seifert graph of the link. We extend the interior polynomial to signed bipartite graphs, and we show that, in the planar case, it is equal to the maximal [Formula: see text]-degree part of the HOMFLY polynomial of a naturally associated link. Note that the latter can be any oriented link. This result fits into a program aimed at deriving the HOMFLY polynomial from Floer homology. We also establish some other, more basic properties of the signed interior polynomial. For example, the HOMFLY polynomial of the mirror image of [Formula: see text] is given by [Formula: see text]. This implies a mirroring formula for the signed interior polynomial in the planar case. We prove that the same property holds for any bipartite graph and the same graph with all signs reversed. The proof relies on Ehrhart reciprocity applied to the so-called root polytope. We also establish formulas for the signed interior polynomial inspired by the knot theoretical notions of flyping and mutation. This leads to new identities for the original unsigned interior polynomial.
On The Space-Time Fractional Schrödinger Equation with time independent potentials

This paper is about the fractional Schr\"{o}dinger equation (FSE) expressed in terms of the quantum Riesz-Feller space fractional and the Caputo time fractional derivatives. The main focus is on the case of time independent potential fields as a Dirac-delta potential and a linear potential. For such type of potential fields the separation of variables method allows to split the FSE into space fractional equation and time fractional one. The results obtained in this paper contain as particular cases already known results for FSE in terms of the quantum Riesz space fractional derivative and standard Laplace operator.
Pluripotential energy and large deviation

We generalize our previous results relating pluripotential energy with the electrostatic energy of a measure given by Berman, Boucksom, Guedj and Zeriahi. As a consequence, we obtain a large deviation principle for a canonical sequence of probability measures on a nonpluripolar compact set K in C^n. This is a special case of a result of R. Berman. For n=1, we include a proof that uses only standard techniques of weighted potential theory.
Elliptic solutions of the quintic complex one-dimensional Ginzburg–Landau equation

The Conte–Musette method has been modified for the search of only elliptic solutions to systems of differential equations. A key idea of this a prior restriction is to simplify calculations by means of the use of a few Laurent-series solutions instead of one and the use of the residue theorem. The application of this approach to the quintic complex one-dimensional Ginzburg–Landau equation (CGLE5) allows us to find elliptic solutions in the wave form. Restrictions on coefficients, which are necessary conditions for the existence of elliptic solutions for the CGLE5, have been found as well. We demonstrate that to find elliptic solutions the analysis of a system of differential equations is preferable to the analysis of the equivalent single differential equation.
Carleson measure estimates and the Dirichlet problem for degenerate elliptic equations

We prove that the Dirichlet problem for degenerate elliptic equations $\mathrm{div}(A \nabla u) = 0$ in the upper half-space $(x,t)\in \mathbb{R}^{n+1}_+$ is solvable when $n\geq2$ and the boundary data is in $L^p_\mu(\mathbb{R}^n)$ for some $p<\infty$. The coefficient matrix $A$ is only assumed to be measurable, real-valued and $t$-independent with a degenerate bound and ellipticity controlled by an $A_2$-weight $\mu$. It is not required to be symmetric. The result is achieved by proving a Carleson measure estimate for all bounded solutions in order to deduce that the degenerate elliptic measure is in $A_\infty$ with respect to the $\mu$-weighted Lebesgue measure on $\mathbb{R}^n$. The Carleson measure estimate allows us to avoid applying the method of $\epsilon$-approximability, which simplifies the proof obtained recently in the case of uniformly elliptic coefficients. The results have natural extensions to Lipschitz domains.