Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Management issues for women with epilepsy—Focus on pregnancy (an evidence‐based review): III. Vitamin K, folic acid, blood levels, and breast‐feeding

A committee assembled by the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) reassessed the evidence related to the care of women with epilepsy (WWE) during pregnancy, including preconceptional folic acid and prenatal vitamin K use and the clinical implications of placental and breast‐milk transfer of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The committee evaluated the available evidence based on a structured literature review and classification of relevant articles. Preconceptional folic acid supplementation is possibly effective in preventing major congenital malformations in the newborns of WWE taking AEDs. There is inadequate evidence to determine if the newborns of WWE taking AEDs have a substantially increased risk of hemorrhagic complications. Primidone and levetiracetam probably transfer into breast milk in clinically important amounts. Valproate, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine probably are not transferred into breast milk in clinically important amounts. Pregnancy probably causes an increase in the clearance and a decrease in the concentrations of lamotrigine, phenytoin, and, to a lesser extent carbamazepine, and possibly decreases the level of levetiracetam and the active oxcarbazepine metabolite, the monohydroxy derivative (MHD). Supplementing WWE with at least 0.4 mg of folic acid before pregnancy may be considered. Monitoring of lamotrigine, carbamazepine, and phenytoin levels during pregnancy should be considered, and monitoring of levetiracetam and oxcarbazepine (as MHD) levels may be considered. A paucity of evidence limited the strength of many recommendations.
The G·U wobble base pair

The G·U wobble base pair is a fundamental unit of RNA secondary structure that is present in nearly every class of RNA from organisms of all three phylogenetic domains. It has comparable thermodynamic stability to Watson–Crick base pairs and is nearly isomorphic to them. Therefore, it often substitutes for G·C or A·U base pairs. The G·U wobble base pair also has unique chemical, structural, dynamic and ligand‐binding properties, which can only be partially mimicked by Watson–Crick base pairs or other mispairs. These features mark sites containing G·U pairs for recognition by proteins and other RNAs and allow the wobble pair to play essential functional roles in a remarkably wide range of biological processes.
CALLING BEHAVIOR AND DIRECTIONAL HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN TWO TOADS (BUFO MICROSCAPHUS X B. WOODHOUSII) IN ARIZONA

Abstract Male calling effort and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation were examined in a breeding chorus of toads from a hybrid zone between Bufo microscaphus and B. woodhousii in central Arizona. The chorus comprised 50 B. microscaphus and 17 hybrids, identified on the basis of morphology and advertisement calls; no pure B. woodhousii were observed. Males produced advertisement calls throughout the early evening, even when relatively large numbers of males (>50) were present at the chorus; active searching and satellite tactics were not observed. Calling efforts (call duration X call rate) of hybrids (23.9%, n= 8) and B. microscaphus (24.9%, n= 19) were similar and comparable to call efforts of B. woodhousii (21.9%, n= 10) from a different site. Moreover, repeatabilities of calling effort were significant (r= 0.45) for hybrid males, but not for B. microscaphus and B. woodhousii. Thus, calling behavior of hybrid males was neither significantly reduced nor more variable than that of their parental species. The distribution of mtDNA haplotypes revealed directional introgression is occurring between male B. microscaphus and female B. woodhousii: All 17 hybrids possessed B. woodhousii mtDNA. The proximate mechanism driving hybridization appears to involve common male (B. microscaphus) and rare female (B. woodhousii) matings as B. woodhousii expands its range.
An analytical study of contributory factors of postpartum depression among women in Punjab, Pakistan -

Objective: To investigate the contributory factors of postpartum depression among women in Punjab. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in rural areas of Faisalabad District. Four hundred postpartum mothers’ age 15-44 years having babies under one year were selected through multistage sampling technique and data were collected through well designed interview schedule. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to check the level of postpartum depression. Data were analyzed through univariate and bivariate analyses by using SPSS. Results: Out of 400 women, 163(41%) had postpartum depression. Obstetric factors, including the number of abortions, pregnancy complications (anemia, stomachaches, vomiting, high/low blood pressure, viginal bleeding) and delivery complications (premature birth, difficult labor, postpartum hemorrhage) increased the risk of developing postpartum depression. Violence (verbal/physical), stressful life events and low level of social support were also identified as the strong predictors in increasing the prevalence of postpartum depression. Conclusion: Most of the mothers had major symptoms of depression in their postpartum period. It is recommended that there is a massive need for counseling and proper medication whenever a mother feel fatigue, sadness, anxiety or stress in the antenatal and postpartum period.
Electrophysiology

Numerous electrophysiologic tests are available for use in the clinic. When properly recorded and analyzed, these tests provide important diagnostic and prognostic information about the site and nature of the disease process. If the results from these tests are combined with psychophysical findings (color vision, acuity, visual fields), their usefulness in defining disease can be further extended.
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells and regulatory T cells: novel sources and targets of interleukin-4 in immunity to Heligmosomoides polygyrus

Intestinal helminth infections cause a significant global burden due to gaps in our translation of anti-helminth immunity. Immune responses to helminth infections are characterised by a balance between regulatory and effector cells, limiting immune-driven pathology in the host whilst enabling long-term survival of the parasite. Functional immunity to helminths is dependent on the activation of a type-2 immune cascade comprised of immune and non-immune cells that coordinate to promote the mechanistic expulsion of the parasite. The natural murine helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus establishes chronic intestinal infections that can be expelled following secondary infection in drug-cured mice, and provides a good experimental model to test mechanisms of functional immunity. Immunity to H. polygyrus is dependent on the differentiation of IL-4 producing CD4+ T helper 2 cells, however the exact mechanisms required for Th2 differentiation in vivo remain unclear. In this study we have identified two novel mechanisms required for Th2 differentiation in vivo. Firstly, we identified that group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are an important source of IL-4 for the differentiation of Th2 cells in vitro and in vivo during a chronic infection with H. polygyrus. Secondly, we have found that Foxp3+ Treg cells convert to Th2 cells and contribute significantly to memory Th2 responses following a challenge infection with Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Using a fate-reporter mouse, we have deleted IL-4Rα on Foxp3-expressing cells to test whether IL-4 receptor signalling is required for the development of ex-Foxp3 Th2 cells and whether they contribute to functional immune responses. In summary, we have characterised ILC2s and Treg cells as novel sources and targets of IL-4 required for the differentiation of Th2 cells and propose a model whereby ILC2-derived IL-4 provides a source of IL-4 for the reprogramming of Treg cells in the tissue, ultimately supporting the expulsion of H. polygyrus.
FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION AND ECONOMICS

The purpose of the presented research is to advance the superstar literature on the aspect of superstar’s characteristics and value. Typically, superstar research is faced with one problem: They apply the same criteria to determine who their superstars are as to describe them later because they lack “an objective measure of star quality” (Krueger, 2005, p.18). To avoid this complication, the author chose to study Major League Soccer’s (MLS) designated players as this setting present a unique, as discrete, assignment of star status. MLS has formally introduced stars in 2007 under the designated player (DP) rule which delivers over 100 star-observations in the last ten years to investigate MLS strategy of star employment. The insights from this data set demonstrate which characteristics are relevant, whether MLS stars can be categorized as Rosen or Adler stars, and what the MLS pays for and in this sense values most. A cluster analysis discovers a sub group of ten stars that stand out from the others, in this sense superstars. A two-stage regression model confirms the value stemming from popularity, leadership qualities, previous playing level, age and national team experience but refutes other typical performance indicators like games played and goals scored or position. Overall, evidence for Rosen and Adler’s theory is found, and an over the time change from hiring old and popular stars to younger but still leadership-prone stars.
Conditional Variance and Interest Rates in Nigeria: Evidence from the Egarch-in-Mean Framework

This study captured the components of Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (EGARCH-in-mean) framework; conditional variance (volatility), asymmetric effect and volatility persistence and interest rate in Nigeria. This is because ofthe usefulness of interest rates in measuring the financial conditions, also are major instrument of monetary policy and volatility being one of the most important concepts in finance. The study used real interest rate obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria and National Bureau of Statistic from 1970 to 2018 inclusive. The accommodating EGARCH-in-mean framework was employed in the estimation of the model. The following were found; conditional volatility is negatively and significantly related to interest rate. Also that interest rate volatility in Nigeria is not persistent. Again, there is existence of leverage effect, implying existence of asymmetric effect in the Nigerian financial market due to interest rate volatility. Consequently, the researchers suggest as follows; due to the presence of asymmetry effect, the Bankers’ Committee tightens their seat belt to forestall subsequent volatility in interest rate in Nigeria by consistently and regularly reviewing interest rate to accommodate the dynamism of the economy. Again adequate palliative measures be made available to enable investors continue with their economic activity in any business cycle in Nigeria.
Seatbelt Sign Associated with Traumatic Abdominal Wall Hernia: A Case Report

A 34 year old male restrained driver was involved in a single vehicle road traffic accident at unknown speed. He was brought into the emergency department by ambulance in full spinal precautions. He was previously well with no past medical history. On arrival the patient had normal vital signs with GCS 15/15. He was assessed in keeping with full ATLS protocols. Abdominal assessment revealed bruising across the lower abdomen consistent with ‘seat-belt sign’ with tenderness and guarding in right lower quadrant. Clinically the patient appeared otherwise uninjured. The bedside Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST) scan was negative for free fluid. Contrast enhanced Computed Tomography (CT) of the abdomen demonstrated a wide-necked (2.5 cm) abdominal wall hernia at the right iliac crest containing fat with associated stranding and a trace of fluid in the right anterior abdominal wall muscles and subcutaneous tissues extending to the right inguinal region. The patient suffered no concomitant injuries. The patient was treated non-operatively and admitted for observation (Figure 1 and 2).
Effect of Malocclusion on Quality of Life among Persons Aged 7 - 25 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The theory of Oral Health Related Quality Of Life (OHRQOL) has manifold qualities. It endeavors to address social and/or emotional concerns as well as any symptoms or functional problems related to the teeth and jaws from the patients view point. The difficulty of utilizing any one standard evaluation tool to determine how the patient feels about problems with malocclusions or arising from them, led to the development of this construct/theory. Aim: To evaluate the impact of malocclusion on the socio-functional and psychological wellbeing of persons 7 - 25 years old. Method: 100 patients within the ages of 7 - 25 years who visited the Orthodontics Unit of the Oral Health Directorate of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi, were conveniently sampled and surveyed. Participants were given questionnaires to assess the effects of malocclusion on their Oral Health Related Quality of Life and also to determine if their educational status had any influence on the impact of malocclusion on their oral health related quality of life. Results: The modal age of the participants was 10 - 15 years with 40% as it frequency followed by 7 - 9 years while the age with least frequency was 16 - 25 years which stood at 22.0%. 28 respondents reported negative effects on their functional domain. 71 of the participants reported negative effects on psychological well-being and 49 of them reported negative effects on social well-being. Conclusion: Malocclusion has an overall negative impact on Oral Health Related Quality of Life and its related purviews. It was observed to be highest for the psychological discomfort domain and the lowest in the functional well-being domain.
Characters, distribution, and food plants of leafhopper species in Thamnotettix group

Abstract does not appear. First page follows. Introduction Some years ago three species (Severin, 1929), (1934)4 and a biological race (Severin, 1940) of one of these leafhopper species were reported to transmit the California aster-yellows virus. Recently, (DeLong and Severin (1945), (1946), (1947a), (1947b) recorded thirteen additional leafhopper vectors of the virus. The present paper deals with the characters, distribution, and food plants of eight more leafhopper vectors, two of which have been previously mentioned in the literature (Severin, 1934). In a companion paper (Severin (1948)) discusses the transmission of the virus by these eight leafhopper species. The genus Thamnotettix was erected by (Zetterstedt (1840)) to include European species, and Cicada prasina Fallen was designated as the type. The early American workers placed a large number of American species in this genus as they were described. In recent years several new genera have been described to include certain groups of closely related American species formerly in the genus Thamnotettix. The species treated in the present paper have been placed in three genera described by (Ball (1936)). These are Idiodonus, Colladonus, and Friscananus. There is little doubt that these species in the three genera are closely related; they may belong to a single genus. The color patterns will usually distinguish them, but the genital structures are similar in both the males and the females of the species concerned. The females usually bear a median sunken spatulate process on the last ventral segment which varies in width, length, and the degree of production beyond the posterior margin in different species. The males may be distinguished by the shape of the style and the length and position of the spine on each side of the caudal margin of the pygofer. Idiodonus Heidemanni (Ball) Idiodonus heidemanni (Ball) is blunt-headed and has a general color of grayish green, sprinkled with minute red spots. It is 4 mm long. The vertex (fig. 1, A) is broad, bluntly produced, and about twice as wide at the base between the eyes as the median length.
Dietary L-Threonine Responses in Laying Hens

Abstract Genetic improvements in laying hens have increased egg productivity without increasing feed intake. Greater hen productivity may warrant increased amino acid needs. However, amino acid needs of commercial layers, beyond methionine and lysine, are poorly understood. This study was conducted to evaluate threonine responses on egg production traits in ISA-Babcock hens after peak production. Treatments consisted of five levels of digestible threonine (0.43, 0.47, 0.49, 0.52, and 0.57% of diet) administered at 62-72 or 70-80 wk of age. The lowest level of digestible threonine (0.43% of diet) represents 100% of the 1994 NRC recommendations and a threonine:lysine ratio of 0.62. Egg production, egg weight, feed intake, and feed conversion were measured during both time periods. Egg production (P
The effect of heat treatment, pasteurization and different storage temperatures on insulin concentrations in camel milk

The effect of heat treatment, pasteurization and different storage temperatures on the insulin concentration of 19 dromedary milk samples was tested. Insulin concentrations between the milk samples obtained from individual camels varied widely, and the overall mean insulin value of fresh camel milk taken 3 times within one month was 41.9 ′ 7.38 μU/ml (mean ′ SEM). There was a significant difference in insulin concentration between the 3 milk samples collected on three different occasions within a one month period. Pasteurization, freeze drying or storage of camel milk at 4°C for 4 days as well as freezing at -20 °C resulted in a statistically significant reduction in insulin concentrations; however, this was minimal. Contrary to other researchers, our study demonstrated that the mean insulin concentration in camel milk does not significantly exceed the values found in bovine milk. However, the fact that camel milk, in comparison to bovine milk, does not coagulate in acid environment most probably is the main factor for its therapeutic effect on insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients.
Characterization of cactus pear germplasm in South Africa

Cactus pear (O. ficus-indica) is increasingly being utilised in South Africa for fodder and fruit production. However, breeding efforts to increase productivity and fruit quality are hampered by the difficulty of varietal identification. AFLP markers were used to estimate the genetic diversity within the South African cactus pear germplasm. Estimates of genetic diversity are useful in plant breeding for organising germplasm, identification of varieties, and assisting in the selection of parents for crossings. Nine primer combinations used during AFLP analysis generated 346 fragments (per sample), of which 168 were polymorphic. A large number of the markers produced had a polymorphic information content (PIC) value between 0.3-0.5, indicative of good discriminatory value. The majority of the accessions grouped into four clusters using both the Jaccard and Simple Matching similarity coefficients. Cultivated varieties were evenly dispersed within the different clusters, with the greatest percentage clustered in group III. Varieties that originated from Botswana (R1251, R1259, and R1260) clustered together, whilst those from Israel (Sharsheret, Ofer, and Messina) were dispersed amongst groups II and III. Genotype specific fragments (GSF) were generated with the use of six primer combinations (E-AGG + M-CAT, E-ACT + MCAG, E-ACT + M-CAT, E-ACA + M-CAT, E-ACA + M-CTT, and E-ACA + M-CAG). Genotype specific fragments allowed the unique identification of nine varieties, three of which are commercially cultivated (Meyers, Roedtan, and Santa Rosa).
A P ] 2 0 A ug 2 02 0 Hypocoercivity with Schur complements

We present an approach to directly obtaining estimates on the resolvent of hypocoercive operators, using Schur complements, rather than obtaining bounds on the resolvent from an exponential decay of the evolution semigroup. We present applications to Langevin-like dynamics and Fokker–Planck equations, as well as the linear Boltzmann equation (which is also the generator of randomized Hybrid Monte Carlo in molecular dynamics). We make precise in particular the dependence of the resolvent bounds on the parameters of the dynamics, as well as their dependence on the dimension. We also highlight relationships with other hypocoercive approaches.
How greenhouse cucumber cultivars affect population growth and two-sex life table parameters of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

ABSTRACT The effect of 12 greenhouse cucumber cultivars (Royal, Amitral, Ariya, Sultan, Vida, Bahman, Storm, Nasim, Negin, PS-29, Tornado and Caspian) on life history and demographic parameters of the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM) (Tetranychus urticae Koch) was determined under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 1ºC, 60 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:8) hours using age-stage, two-sex life table procedure. The longest development time was 8.28 ± 0.09 days on Caspian and the shortest period was obtained on Vida and PS-29 (5.45 ± 0.12 and 5.54 ± 0.07 days, respectively). The TSSM fecundity varied from 64.83 ± 5.33 to 98.38 ± 5.65 eggs per female, which was minimum on Negin and maximum on Amitral. The shortest female longevity was observed on Negin (16.08 ± 1.15 days) and the longest on Amitral (26.82 ± 1.36 days). The net reproductive rate (R0) varied from 42.30 ± 4.90 on Negin to 75.72 ± 6.64 eggs per individual on Amitral. The lowest value of the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) was on Caspian (0.249 ± 0.006 and 1.282 ± 0.008 day−1, respectively) and the highest was on Vida (0.331 ± 0.010 and 1.389 ± 0.014 day−1, respectively). The mean generation time (T) on different cultivars varied from 11.68 ± 0.170 to 16.71 ± 0.266 days. The comparison of demographic parameters of TSSM on 12 greenhouse cucumber cultivars suggested that Vida was the most susceptible and Caspian was the most resistant cultivar to TSSM among the cucumber cultivars tested. Our results could provide implications towards integrated management of TSSM considering its performance on different crop cultivars in terms of population growth potentials.
Tools for BIM-GIS Integration (IFC Georeferencing and Conversions): Results from the GeoBIM Benchmark 2019

The integration of 3D city models with Building Information Models (BIM), coined as GeoBIM, facilitates improved data support to several applications, e.g., 3D map updates, building permits issuing, detailed city analysis, infrastructure design, context-based building design, to name a few. To solve the integration, several issues need to be tackled and solved, i.e., harmonization of features, interoperability, format conversions, integration of procedures. The GeoBIM benchmark 2019, funded by ISPRS and EuroSDR, evaluated the state of implementation of tools addressing some of those issues. In particular, in the part of the benchmark described in this paper, the application of georeferencing to Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) models and making consistent conversions between 3D city models and BIM are investigated, considering the OGC CityGML and buildingSMART IFC as reference standards. In the benchmark, sample datasets in the two reference standards were provided. External volunteers were asked to describe and test georeferencing procedures for IFC models and conversion tools between CityGML and IFC. From the analysis of the delivered answers and processed datasets, it was possible to notice that while there are tools and procedures available to support georeferencing and data conversion, comprehensive definition of the requirements, clear rules to perform such two tasks, as well as solid technological solutions implementing them, are still lacking in functionalities. Those specific issues can be a sensible starting point for planning the next GeoBIM integration agendas.