Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calculation of Adjustment Factors for Standardizing Lactations to Mature Age and 305-Day and Estimation of Heritability and Repeatability of Standardized Milk Yield of Simmental Cattle Reared on Kazova State Farm

Adjustment factors of lactation milk yield to mature age and 305-day were calculated and heritability and repeatability of milk yield were estimated for Simmental cows reared on Kazova State Farm. A total of 1549 lactation records of Simmental cows reared on Kazova State Farm between 1992 and 2002 were used. The factors for standardizing incomplete lactations to 305-day were estimated by taking 7 calving age groups into consideration (2, 3, 4, 5, 6-8, 9 and 10 years of age and older). The factors for standardizing to mature equivalent estimated by polynomial regression are between the 24th and 143rd month and older. The repeatability of milk yield was estimated as 0.44 ± 0.028 using intra- class correlation. Heritability of milk yield was estimated using paternal half-sib correlation. Heritability of milk yield for all lactations was estimated as 0.24 ± 0.08. Heritability for first lactation was estimated as 0.30 ± 0.154.
The Role of Remediation in Mitigating the Negative Consequences of Psychological Contract Breach: A Qualitative Study in the Banking Sector

ABSTRACT This study examined whether remediation (providing another inducement to compensate for an undelivered obligation in the psychological contract) was perceived as a useful way to deal with the consequences of a psychological contract breach in the context of organizational change. Data was collected by means of semi-structured face-to-face focus-group sessions and individual interviews in a restructuring organization in the Dutch banking sector. Fourteen focus groups and eight individual interviews were conducted with 30 non-managerial employees and 48 supervisors/professionals. The results bring the potential of offering compensating inducements to remedy psychological contract breach to the fore and highlight the role of other factors such as communication and the availability of job alternatives. Suggestions are provided for improving employee relations in situations of organizational change by taking the psychological contract into account. MAD statement This article sets out to Make A Difference (MAD) through describing views of employees of different hierarchical levels of a Dutch Bank on how to cope with expected organizational changes and less beneficial employment benefits in the future. The question of ‘how to change the deal while keeping the people’ by remediating breach of the psychological contract is addressed from different perspectives. When organizations are forced to implement changes, taking the mutual obligations in the psychological contract into account can avoid reactive, and unsuccessful management of change. A psychological contract breach can be remediated by providing other inducements for the mutual benefit of organization and employee. Since there are differences between employees in the meaning attached to obligations, an individual approach is necessary.
Regional Cultural Context as a Determinant of Entrepreneurial Behaviour: The Case of Germany

This exploratory article aims to take first steps towards understanding whether a regional cultural background has, among other determinants, an influence on a person’s entrepreneurial behaviour, relying on the example of Germany. A multilevel approach is applied combining the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor individual-level data about entrepreneurship with up-to-date cultural dimensions indicators based on Hofstede’s original approach at the regional (NUTS 1) level. The results indicate that regional cultural context is an important determinant of entrepreneurial behaviour. At that, different cultural dimensions have different impacts, and the impact also differs across different stages of entrepreneurship. A lower level of uncertainty avoidance in a region could have a positive impact on early-stage entrepreneurship, whereas the established business ownership seems to be encouraged by a lower level of power distance.
Iraqi Adult Cephalometric Standards: An Analytical Approach

Objective: To establish a more accurate reliable standard value of the widely used cephalometric parameters for the Iraqi Arab adults and comparing them to the norms of Caucasians counterparts. Materials and Methods: A meta-analysis of the pertinent cephalometric studies of Iraqi adults for period confined between 1988 to 2017 was conducted. 27 of the total of 92 collected studies were met the inclusion criteria. The selected studies have involved the published articles and unpublished master theses, all of them exhibit numerical data for both genders of Iraqi Arab individuals who have class I skeletal pattern with normal occlusion. Selection of 35 parameters took place, included mostly used skeletodental cephalometric measurements to be evaluated and compared. Statistical tests were applied to describe the means and SD, also to find out the statistical ethnic difference between the Iraqis and Caucasians. Results: The standard norms of many cephalometric parameters exhibited a significant gender difference in Iraqi adults’ individuals, with greater linear hard tissues measurements in males, while non-significant gender differences appeared in facial soft tissue profile. On the other hands, most of the elected cephalometric parameters showed statistically significant differences between the Iraqi Arab and Caucasians compares. Generally, the Iraqis had smaller craniofacial dimensions, maxillary and mandibular skeletal retrusion and more convex profile. Conclusions: Apparent sexual dimorphism in addition to significant ethnic difference requires the adoption of gender as well as ethnic specified standard norms during the cephalometric analysis of Iraqi Arab adult patients seeking orthodontic treatment, to reach an accurate diagnosis and treatment objectives.
Foraging habitat selection by Little Terns Sternula albifrons in an estuarine lagoon system of southern Portugal

We assessed the effects of environmental variables on the distribution and feeding behaviour of adult Little Terns Sternula albifrons in Ria Formosa Natural Park, Algarve, southern Portugal, in different foraging habitats (main lagoon, salinas and sea) during the breeding seasons, April-July, of 2003-05. Foraging density was higher in the lagoon than in the sea, and at low tide. The number of foraging individuals at sea was independent of tide. Individual Little Terns foraged further from the nearest breeding colony in April and May (courtship feeding and incubation) than in June and July (chick-rearing). During intermediate tidal phases, individuals foraged further from the nearest colony, and followed main lagoon channels, perhaps because stronger currents increased prey availability. Diving activity and foraging success were higher in 2003 than 2004 or 2005, perhaps because of greater availability of marine prey in 2003. Diving rate was higher in July (when independent juveniles began learning how to forage) but diving success was higher in June (chick-rearing) than in other months. The variables selected by the final logistic models reflected four basic needs for the selection of feeding habitats by Little Terns: (1) association between foraging individuals, (2) areas with abundant feeding resources, (3) entrance channels and main lagoon channels with strong currents, and (4) the proximity to areas with alternative feeding resources, the salinas. Areas subjected to strong human pressure were avoided by foraging Little Terns.
The phosphorus legacy offers opportunities for agro-ecological transition (France 1850–2075)

Management of the non-renewable resource phosphorus (P) is critical to agricultural sustainability. The global P cycle is currently disturbed beyond planetary boundaries, mostly due to large excess P use in the agriculture of industrialized countries, while P is lacking in the Global South. The trajectories of P management and their effects on future sustainable agriculture were investigated for the case of France from 1850 to 2015 based on empirical data and simulations of two coupled biogeochemical models. Here we show that while French cropland soils have accumulated significant amounts of P, mainly sourced from former colonies or protectorates, P reserves in grassland soils have been depleted. Scenario calculations indicate that current P reserves may on average allow for another 60 years of agricultural production without mineral P application. In the light of a possible upcoming P scarcity, this time frame offers an opportunity for a transition towards regionally closed P loops and enhanced sustainability, allowing for fairer international distribution of P resources in the future.
Effect of host plants on the biology of Earias vittella (Fab) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) under laboratory conditions.

Studies were carried out to investigate the effect of host plants and temperature on the biology of Earias vittella (F.) under laboratory conditions. The host plants tested were, okra (Abelmoschus esculantus L), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), China rose (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L). and Abutilon indicum G.Den. The results indicated that incubation period varied from 2.3 to 5 days, on okra and Abutilon; larval period from 9.2 to 15.9 days on okra and china rose; pupal period from 8.6 to 14.4 on china rose and Abutilon, respectively; duration of life cycle ranged between 30.4 to 44.6 days on cotton and Abutilon, respectively (minimum and maximum values). Pre- copulation, pre-oviposition, oviposition and post oviposition periods of E. vittella adults varied when feeding on different host plants as larvae. Temperature variation affected all the above biological parameters e.g. the larval period of E.vittella on okra was recorded as 10.8 days at 34.12 o C, the same was 12.0 and 14.75 days on okra at 32.6 and 30.6 o C, respectively. The average fecundity of E. vittella females was 328.37 eggs and about 50% of eggs were laid on first two days of egg-laying. Fertility of eggs varied significantly (P<0.01) on different host plants and different days of egg- laying.
One-dimensional deep learning inversion of electromagnetic induction data using convolutional neural network

Conventional geophysical inversion techniques suffer from several limitations including computational cost, nonlinearity, non-uniqueness and dimensionality of the inverse problem. Successful inversion of geophysical data has been a major challenge for decades. Here, a novel approach based on deep learning (DL) inversion via convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed to instantaneously estimate subsurface electrical conductivity (σ) layering from electromagnetic induction (EMI) data. In this respect, a fully convolutional network was trained on a large synthetic data set generated based on 1-D EMI forward model. The accuracy of the proposed approach was examined using several synthetic scenarios. Moreover, the trained network was used to find subsurface electromagnetic conductivity images (EMCIs) from EMI data measured along two transects from Chicken Creek catchment (Brandenburg, Germany). Dipole–dipole electrical resistivity tomography data were measured as well to obtain reference subsurface σ distributions down to a 6 m depth. The inversely estimated models were juxtaposed and compared with their counterparts obtained from a spatially constrained deterministic algorithm as a standard code. Theoretical simulations demonstrated a well performance of the algorithm even in the presence of noise in data. Moreover, application of the DL inversion for subsurface imaging from Chicken Creek catchment manifested the accuracy and robustness of the proposed approach for EMI inversion. This approach returns subsurface σ distribution directly from EMI data in a single step without any iterations. The proposed strategy simplifies considerably EMI inversion and allows for rapid and accurate estimation of subsurface EMCI from multiconfiguration EMI data.
Recent Sea Level Change in the Black Sea from Satellite Altimetry and Tide Gauge Observations

Global mean sea level has been rising at an increasing rate, especially since the early 19th century in response to ocean thermal expansion and ice sheet melting. The possible consequences of sea level rise pose a significant threat to coastal cities, inhabitants, infrastructure, wetlands, ecosystems, and beaches. Sea level changes are not geographically uniform. This study focuses on present-day sea level changes in the Black Sea using satellite altimetry and tide gauge data. The multi-mission gridded satellite altimetry data from January 1993 to May 2017 indicated a mean rate of sea level rise of 2.5 ± 0.5 mm/year over the entire Black Sea. However, when considering the dominant cycles of the Black Sea level time series, an apparent (significant) variation was seen until 2014, and the rise in the mean sea level has been estimated at about 3.2 ± 0.6 mm/year. Coastal sea level, which was assessed using the available data from 12 tide gauge stations, has generally risen (except for the Bourgas Station). For instance, from the western coast to the southern coast of the Black Sea, in Constantza, Sevastopol, Tuapse, Batumi, Trabzon, Amasra, Sile, and Igneada, the relative rise was 3.02, 1.56, 2.92, 3.52, 2.33, 3.43, 5.03, and 6.94 mm/year, respectively, for varying periods over 1922–2014. The highest and lowest rises in the mean level of the Black Sea were in Poti (7.01 mm/year) and in Varna (1.53 mm/year), respectively. Measurements from six Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations, which are very close to the tide gauges, also suggest that there were significant vertical land movements at some tide gauge locations. This study confirmed that according to the obtained average annual phase value of sea level observations, seasonal sea level variations in the Black Sea reach their maximum annual amplitude in May–June.
Virtual Illusion: Comparing Student Achievement and Teacher and Classroom Characteristics in Online and Brick-and-Mortar Charter Schools

As researchers continue to examine the growing number of charter schools in the United States, they have focused attention on the significant heterogeneity of charter effects on student achievement. Our article contributes to this agenda by examining the achievement effects of virtual charter schools vis-à-vis brick-and-mortar charters and traditional public schools and whether characteristics of teachers and classrooms explain the observed impacts. We found that students who switched to virtual charter schools experienced large, negative effects on mathematics and English/language arts achievement that persisted over time and that these effects could not be explained by observed teacher or classroom characteristics.
Outcomes of interaction between organizational characteristics and management accounting practice on corporate sustainability: the global management accounting principles (GMAP) approach

ABSTRACT This study examined the outcomes of interaction between organizational characteristics and robustness of management accounting practice on corporate sustainability from the standpoint of the Global Management Accounting Principles (GMAP). The GMAP framework, developed and endorsed by The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) in 2014, reflects the paradigm shift in the roles of management accountants in recent times from traditional management accountants to strategic partners aware of business imperatives. Using a structured-questionnaire, the views of senior accounting/finance officers from 131 firms based in Nigeria were gathered and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools (One-way MANCOVA, OLS regression and moderated regression analysis). It was observed that although management accounting activities were generally performed frequently, certain activities requiring review and modification of already prepared cost and revenue estimates appear to be performed less-frequently. Further, organizational characteristics such as size, organization lifecycle, presence of specialist skills, affiliation to foreign entity and ownership structure significantly affect the robustness of management accounting practice. Whilst detecting that robust management accounting practice elevates corporate sustainability, organizational characteristics such as size, organization lifecycle and presence of specialist skills may determine the extent to which such benefit is realized. Seeing that the presence of specialist skills was the strongest moderator of the relationship between management accounting practice and corporate sustainability, the study advocates for the existence of a standalone management accounting unit/department to improve the realization of the benefits embedded in implementing contemporary management accounting practice.
Efficient Opportunistic Routing Protocol for Sensor Network in Emergency Applications

Routing or forwarding information, such as the location of incidents and victims in a disaster, is significantly important for quick and accurate incident response. However, forwarding such information in disaster areas has been a challenging task for the Wireless Sensor Network as existing networks are affected (destroyed or overused) the disaster. Opportunistic information forwarding can play a vital role in such circumstances. Existing opportunistic routing protocols require huge message transmissions for cluster restoration, which is not energy efficient and results in packet loss. Hence, this paper introduces an energy efficient and reliable opportunistic density cluster-based routing protocol that opportunistically transmits data using a density-clustering protocol for emergency and disaster situations. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol outperforms some existing and well-known routing protocols in terms of network energy consumption, throughput and successful data transmissions.
Martian Ionopause Boundary: Coincidence With Photoelectron Boundary and Response to Internal and External Drivers

The Martian ionopause boundary detected as steep gradients in the local electron density profiles from the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounder on Mars Express is studied individually and statistically and compared to the photoelectron boundary identified by the drop of photoelectron signature due to CO2 and O molecules. In ~90% of the cases where we have electron energy flux data, the ionopause coincides with the photoelectron boundary. The steep density gradients form at the border of the photoelectron region and above. The ionopause is observed in a wide range of latitude, longitude, and altitude. According to remote sounding investigations, the average thickness of the ionopause is ~30 km. The average altitude is between 500 and 700 km on the dayside. The altitude of the ionopause is inversely related to the solar wind dynamic pressure. Strong crustal magnetic fields increase the altitude of the boundary and they have a slight, negative effect on the occurrence only for high values. The ionopause occurs more frequently, and its altitude is higher during southern summer. The average altitude of the ionopause and solar irradiance are correlated with each other. The effect of the extreme ultraviolet flux on the occurrence rate is less noticeable.
Shelter and lighting in the intensive rearing of juvenile crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus, Astacidae) from the onset of exogenous feeding

Recent advances on feeding in intensive rearing of juvenile astacids enable research of other factors influencing growth and survival without the confounding effect of inadequate feeding. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of the number of shelters per crayfish and to test different lighting conditions. Stage 2 juvenile Pacifastacus leniusculus were stocked in fibreglass tanks and fed a dry diet for salmonids combined with restricted amounts of decapsulated Artemia cysts. In experiment 1, four, two or one shelters per crayfish were tested for 80 days. No significant differences were found among groups either in survival (final mean: 86.67%) or in growth [final mean: 11.41 mm mean carapace length (CL), 355.45 mg mean weight]. In experiment 2, three lighting conditions were tested for 120 days: continuous lighting of 925 lx, continuous darkness and natural photoperiod. Survival rates ranged from 76.7% to 88.3%, with no significant differences among groups. The crayfish kept under continuous darkness grew faster (final mean: 12.70 mm CL, 543.08 mg weight) than those reared under the other two light conditions. This study shows that, under improved feeding conditions, a minimum number of shelters can be provided, and faster growth can be obtained in continuous darkness.
TRAUMATIC AND NON-TRAUMATIC MORTALITY IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

Background: The mortality rate in an emergency department is an efficient tool to appraise the quality of healthcare provided by this department. Objective: The main objective of this study was to estimate the mortality rate in the emergency department (ED) at King Faisal Medical Complex in Taif, Saudi Arabia, and to also determine the most common causes of death and the profiles of patients who die in the ED. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in (392,862) consecutive patients who were admitted to the ED during the period between June 1 st , 2016 and February 28 th , 2018 . Data were analyzed using SPSS 2012, version 21. Results: Out of 392,862 admitted patients, 194 (0.049%) died in the emergency room. The majority of these deaths were non-traumatic (88.1%). The most common causes of non-traumatic death were heart disease other than coronary artery disease (50.0%) and sudden death of unknown cause (33.0%). While traumatic deaths (11.9%) were predominantly caused by motor vehicle accidents (10.4%) and gun shoot wounds or falling down (1.5%).