Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equipping pre-service teachers to improve science education at primary schools:The impact of a science professional development program on pre-service teachers' subject matter knowledge, teaching strategies, self-efficacy, and attitude

International studies as well as Dutch studies have shown that Dutch elementary school teachers face several challenges in teaching science. In addition to their lack of subject matter knowledge, they have low self-efficacy, a negative attitude towards science, and they are unable to utilize effective teaching strategies during science lessons. This study investigated the effects of a science teaching professional development (PD) program on pre-service teachers facing these challenges. It investigated the extent to which the science teaching PD program alleviated these challenges in teaching science. The research followed a pre-test and post-test design with an experimental group (n=23) and comparison group (n=51). The experimental group received the science PD program, while the comparison group followed the regular science program. All respondents were third year pre-service teachers. Results indicated that the science PD program significantly improves pre-service teachers’ subject matter knowledge and self-efficacy. The program had little or no effect on the utilization of teaching strategies and pre-service teachers’ attitude towards science. To improve the science PD program, pre-service teachers answered a questionnaire on how they perceived the four main elements of the program, which were based on a review of the literature on teacher professional development. These elements are: collaborative learning, observing and reflecting, analysing student work, and having a space for teachers’ own professional development focus. Pre-service teachers perceived that focusing on their own professional development had a moderately positive effect on pre-service teacher professional development. The other elements were considered valuable for becoming good at teaching science.
Sports Injuries Mechanisms Prevention And Treatment

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Results of open reduction and internal fixation by plate osteosynthesis in tibial plateau fractures

Background: Open reduction and rigid internal fixation for displaced tibial plateau fracture achieves the goals of restoring the anatomic articular congruity and mechanical alignment, while allowing early knee mobilization. But open reduction and internal fixation, specifically through compromised soft tissues, improperly placed incision and soft tissue handling has historically been associated with major wound complications. Alternate methods of treatment have been described, each with its own merits and demerits. Aims and Objectives: To study the, results, and complications of open reduction and internal fixation by plate osteosynthesis for tibial plateau fractures. Method: 21 patients treated with open reduction and plate osteosynthesis were followed up for a period of 18 months and their functional outcome was assessed according to Modified Delamarter functional scoring system. Results: According to Modified Delamarter functional scoring system we had 67% excellent to satisfactory result and 9% poor results due to non union at the fracture site. Conclusion: Displaced tibial plateau fractures need optimum treatment in order for patients to return to early productive life. Surgical treatment when indicated is advantageous to get stable knee. We found out that surgical treatment with adequate physiotherapy can give good results in tibial plateau fractures.
Frequency of Different Types of Leukemia in Bone Marrow- Study at a Tertiary Care Center, Lucknow

Leukemia is one of the most common types of cancers worldwide. It was first recognized in the year 1845. Leukemia is a heterogeneous group of malignancies, broadly divided into acute and chronic leukemia with further sub-classification into lymphoid and myeloid varieties. In 2000, nearly 2,056,000 children and adults around the world were found suffering from leukemia, and 2,009,000 died from it. World Health Organization (WHO) has classified leukemia and lymphomas into various entities on the basis of their clinic-morphological features, immunophenotyping, cytogenetic and molecular biology. Many factors related to the development of leukemia’s are prior chemotherapy, hereditary syndromes, ionizing radiation, viruses, and smoking. People with leukemia’s are treated with a combination of therapy including chemotherapy (main treatment), antibiotic, blood transfusion, radiation therapy, and bone marrow transplantation. These treatment modalities have prolonged the survival rate of patients with leukemia. Materials and Methods: We carried out a study to see the frequencies of ALL, AML, CLL and CML, diagnosed in our hospital. Study also aimed at calculating frequencies as per World Health Organization (WHO) classified leukemia on the bone marrow studies. We assessed the retrospective data of patients diagnosed as leukemia in the Department of Pathology Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Results: An upward trend in incidence of leukemia with age was seen, although the acute leukemia’s were more common in patients below 20 years of age. The total number of males who participated in this study were 116[40.6%] while females were 170[59.4%]. Maximum patients were in the age group 21-30 years. The prevalence percentage of leukemia seen in our study was more in the age group of 51-60 and 71-80 years. Males were seen to be afflicted more than females in all age groups. No correlation between the gender of the patients and type of leukemia was seen on applying Fischer Exact test. Acute leukemia show a greater prevalence in second decade. Conclusion: The present study revealed that acute leukemia was more prevalent than chronic leukemia in second decade. The most common type of leukemia was CML followed by AML, ALL and CLL. No overall correlation of type of leukemia with gender was seen although more males were afflicted with leukemia’s than females.
First Analysis of HOVON-65/GMMG-HD4 Randomized Phase III Trial Comparing Bortezomib, Adriamycine, Dexamethasone (PAD) Vs VAD as Induction Treatment Prior to High Dose Melphalan (HDM) in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (MM)

The randomized, open-label, phase III trial HOVON-65/GMMG-HD4 was designed to evaluate the efficacy of bortezomib prior to HDM for response and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with newly diagnosed MM. The trial was performed in 75 referral centers in the Netherlands and Belgium (HOVON group) and Germany (GMMG group). Patients with Salmon & Durie (SD) stage II or III, age 18–65 years inclusive, were randomly assigned to 3 cycles of VAD (vincristine 0.4 mg, adriamycine 9 mg/m2 days 1–4, dexamethasone 40 mg days 1–4, 9–12, and 17–20) or PAD (bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 days 1,4,8,11, adriamycine 9 mg/m2 days 1–4, dexamethasone 40 mg days 1–4, 9–12, and 17–20). No thrombosis prophylaxis was given. Stem cells were mobilized using the CAD regimen, including cyclophosphamide 1000 mg/m2 iv day 1, and G-CSF. After induction therapy, all patients were to receive 1 or 2 cycles of high-dose melphalan (HDM) 200 mg/m2 with autologous stem cell rescue followed by maintenance with thalidomide 50 mg daily (VAD arm) or bortezomib, 1.3 mg/m2 once every 2 weeks (PAD arm) for 2 years. Between May 4, 2005 and May 16, 2008, 833 patients were randomized. After the trial was closed, we here report the planned interim analysis data on response after induction and HDM-1 of the initial 150 (75 per arm) randomized patients. The data of the initial 300 registered patients (150 per arm) will be available by November 1, 2008 and presented. The 2 randomization arms were equal for SD stage of disease, ISS stage, and distribution of chromosomal abnormalities. 134 patients (89%) completed PAD/VAD and 130 patients (87%) completed HDM-1, with no difference between the treatment arms. Full dose bortezomib could be administered in 95 % (PAD1), 79 % (PAD2) and 85 % (PAD3) of patients. Successful stem cell apheresis was achieved in all 132 patients who received CAD. Adverse events CTC grade 2–4 during PAD vs VAD included neurologic or polyneuropathy (PNP) 38% vs 21 %, constitutional symptoms 30 % vs 24 %. PNP of CTC grade 1–4 was more frequent in the PAD arm (p=0.01), while DVT/pulmonary embolism was diagnosed in 10 % during VAD and 6 % during PAD. Responses were assessed according to EBMT criteria including VGPR after PAD/VAD, after HDM-1 and best response on protocol treatment. Complete Response (CR), Very Good Partial Response (VGPR) and Partial Response (PR) in both arms were compared by logistic regression (table 1) The (preliminary) overall complete response rate including maintenance was 27 % (PAD arm) and 5% (VAD arm) (p=0.001). Deletion of chromosome 13q did not have a significant impact on response. We conclude that PAD induces significantly more PR+VGPR+CR as compared with VAD, and that this effect is sustained after HDM-1. This trial was supported by the Dutch Cancer Foundation (EudraCT nr 2004-000944-26), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and a grant from Johnson and Johnson
Prevalence of bacterial pathogens in mastitis disease: Review

One of the most common and costly disease in dairy industries i.e. Mastitis generally leads to decline in potassium, lactoferrin and casein content in milk. This disease is reported when leucocytes are released into the mammary gland, usually in response to invasion by microorganisms through teat canal. This disease can be recognized or examined ­­­­through phenotypically (external) symptoms (i.e. Swelling, heat, redness, hardness or pain of the udder) and also showed higher somatic cell count in milk samples and lowers its milk quality. There are many bacteria that are responsible for causing mastitis disease . In this review article, we focused on various bacteria that are presently or reported in mastitis disease
Professionalism identity and related factors of dental hygienists

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the professionalism identity and related factors in dental hygienists. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 347 dental hyfienists from March 5 to May 31, 2015. Except incomplete 39 answers, data were analyzed by frequency analysis, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 22.0. The questionnaire comprised 25 items including professionalism scale by Hall, Snizek, and Anderson by Likert 5 point scale. Results: Professionalism scale revealed self-regulation(3.65±0.58), service conviction(3.64±0.62), skills and training(3.21±0.70), sense of professional vocation(3.20±0.65), and thought about professional group(3.08±0.78). The professionalism identity by general characteristics showed significant differences and there were positive correlations in main factors. The identity level was influenced by internal factors rather than economic compensation. Conclusions: There were positive correlation in main factors. The identity level was influenced by internal factors.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is associated with higher risk of lower respiratory tract infection including pulmonary tuberculosis with features which differ from that observed in the general non-diabetic population. Objective: To assess the effect of diabetes mellitus on the clinical, bacteriological and radiological presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis in diabetic population. Methods: This is a cross sectional study that enrolled 25 patients with diabetes mellitus and pulmonary tuberculosis. The patients included in this study had been randomly selected from those attending Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad-Iraq during the period between the 1 of June, 2003 to the 31 of May, 2004. All of the patients had been subjected to thorough physical examination and laboratory investigations. Results: This study revealed male to female ratio of 5:1. Sixteen percent of the sample (4 patients) was of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 56% of those with diabetes and pulmonary tuberculosis (14 patients) were diabetic for 0-10 years. 19 patients (76% of the sample) had sputum smear positive, the remaining 6 patients (24% of the sample) were smear negative/culture positive. Multiple lobe involvement was obvious in 64% of (16 patients). Lower lung field involvement had been detected in 32% of the sample (8 patients). Cavitary lesions had been diagnosed in 15 patients (60% of the sample). Conclusions: This study revealed that diabetes modifies the clinical and radiological picture of pulmonary tuberculosis. Diabetic patients are at higher risk of recurrence and extensive pulmonary involvement. Tuberculosis is associated with poor glycemic control. Diabetes changes the male: female ratio toward the side of male predominance. Lower lung field involvement is more common in diabetics who had pulmonary tuberculosis.
Diagnostic Accuracy of sIgE, Total IgE and Eosinophils Percentage among Patients with Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis, and Atopic Dermatitis in Saudi Arabia. -

Background: Assessment of sIge level, total IgE level and eosinophils percentage are the common markers used for diagnosis of atopic and allergic patients. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of allergy markers included sIgE, total IgE testing and eosinophils percentage in the diagnosis of allergic diseases, in reference to final clinical diagnosis. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 130 patients were randomly selected from the electronic records of patients suspected for allergy based on a history of significant respiratory or skin reaction and live in Jeddah city. Total IgE level was assessed using Unicap 100, while the assessment of specific IgE was conducted by the ImmunoCAP technology. The pooled analysis was done to calculate clinical sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for the studied allergy markers. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of sIgE assay were found to be 87% and 100% in comparison to 79% and 93% of total IgE assay and 70% and 100% in eosinophils percentage respectively. In addition, positive and negative predictive values of sIgE were found 100% and 69.8% in comparison to 97.5% and 57.1% of total IgE respectively. While positive and negative predictive values of eosinophils percentage were found 100% and 50% respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion, the clinical sensitivity was very good in sIgE, good in total IgE but fair in eosinophils percentage, while the clinical specificity was excellent in all of these allergy markers. Positive predictive value was excellent in all allergy markers, but negative predictive value ranged from fair value in sIgE to poor value in eosinophils percentage.
Cost-effectiveness of universally funding smoking cessation pharmacotherapy

Abstract RATIONALE: Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in Canada and worldwide. Funding smoking cessation pharmacotherapy increases the likelihood of smoking cessation pharmacotherapy use, making a quit attempt, and the probability of abstinence from smoking. OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to model the cost-effectiveness of a health policy of funding smoking cessation pharmacotherapy for all Canadian smokers at no cost to the patient. METHODS: Using data from a Cochrane Review meta-analysis, a decision model incorporating utilization of smoking cessation products, quit rates, six-month continuous abstinence rates, relapse rate, and direct costs of smoking cessation pharmacotherapy and physician visits associated with full funding of smoking cessation pharmacotherapy for one quit attempt compared to no funding was constructed, and a sensitivity analysis was conducted incorporating variation in all inputs used. Our primary outcome was the incremental cost per life-year gained from universally funding smoking cessation pharmacotherapy compared to no funding for the average Canadian smoker. RESULTS: The average incremental cost per life-year gained of funding smoking cessation pharmacotherapy compared to no funding in the overall population was CaD$1030 (range CaD$250–10,040) per life-year gained. In our cost-effectiveness analysis, the probability that universally funding smoking cessation pharmacotherapy is cost-effective is >95% at a willingness-to-pay threshold as low as CaD$10,000 per life year gained. CONCLUSION: Universally funding smoking cessation pharmacotherapy appears cost-effective when compared to currently funded interventions in our healthcare system. Policy makers and government decision makers should fully fund smoking cessation pharmacotherapy for all Canadian smokers.
Clinicians’ perceptions of delivering new models of high intensity aphasia treatment

ABSTRACT Background: While evidence suggests that intensive aphasia therapy is associated with positive patient outcomes, speech language pathologists continue to report delivering therapy at low intensity schedules. Investigation of the barriers and enablers of delivering intensive therapy in hospital settings is needed to help address this evidence–practice gap. Aims: To explore clinicians’ perceptions of delivering high intensity aphasia treatment through three different service models and their recommendations for future directions in implementing high intensity aphasia clinics in a public health setting. Methods & Procedures: A sequential mixed methods design was employed. Thirteen speech language pathologists who provided intensive aphasia therapy to 31 patients across three facilities as part of a larger study consented to participate. Participants contributed to a log of barriers and facilitators while delivering treatment and completed a questionnaire in the last week of treatment. Findings were used to inform the question guide for a focus group interview conducted with nine of the clinicians post-treatment. Outcomes & Results: Most clinicians found the increased intensity of treatment more difficult to deliver than standard treatment, and reported barriers included patient fatigue, patient personal factors, locating resources, scheduling and coordination issues, and clinician workload and potential burn-out. Emotional challenges were less expected and were potentially intensified by the frequency of contact with patients. Despite this, clinicians remained dedicated, and were motivated by patient progress, peer support and the opportunity to prove the worth of speech language pathology. They were positive about the perceived benefits of patient confidence, clinician development, teamwork, and the relationships that formed between patients, carers and clinicians. Conclusions: Clinicians agreed that delivering the treatment brought great rewards and benefits, but also challenges. Communicating the benefits and finding ways to address the barriers identified by the participants of this study may be instrumental in assisting future implementation of high intensity models of aphasia treatment in existing services.
Health Seeking Behaviour Towards Sexually Transmitted Infections among Students of a Nigerian Tertiary Institution

Sexually Transmitted Infections have a very serious impact on sexual and reproductive health worldwide and they rank among the top five disease categories for which young adults seek healthcare. Therefore this study assessed the health seeking behavior of undergraduate students of Tai Solarin University of Education (TASUED) towards STIs. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey that applied both qualitative (focus group discussion) and quantitative methods (questionnaire) of data collection. Four hundred and thirty-one respondents participated in the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21 to generate descriptive (frequency tables and charts) and inferential statistics (correlation). Results showed that majority (74.2%) of the respondents have heard of STIs; HIV (80%) was the most commonly known, and Trichomoniasis (128; 29.7%) as least. The major source of information was television (350;81.2%); most preferred treatment source was private hospitals (205; 47.6%). Self -preference, inconvenience as a result of symptoms and knowledge of a place to get treatment were the best motivators of seeking treatment. Perceived risk of ill-health was high at 19.25 on a 28 point scale. There was a positive significant relationship between treatment options and perceived risk of ill-health (r =.318, p < .01). Respondents had a fair health seeking behavior towards STIs, but misconceptions still exist. More synchronized actions need to be made by schools, the government, NGOs, the media and other stakeholders to enhance young people’s health seeking behavior towards STIs.
Healthy through Habit: Interventions for Initiating & Maintaining Health Behavior Change

Interventions to change health behaviors have had limited success to date at establishing enduring healthy lifestyle habits. Despite successfully increasing people's knowledge and favorable intentions to adopt healthy behaviors, interventions typically induce only short-term behavior changes. Thus, most weight loss is temporary, and stepped-up exercise regimens soon fade. Few health behavior change interventions have been successful in the longer term. In this article, we unpack the behavioral science of health-habit interventions. We outline habit-forming approaches to promote the repetition of healthy behaviors, along with habit-breaking approaches to disrupt unhealthy patterns. We show that this two-pronged approach—breaking existing unhealthy habits while simultaneously promoting and establishing healthful ones—is best for long-term beneficial results. Through specific examples, we identify multiple intervention components for health policymakers to use as a framework to bring about lasting behavioral public health benefits.
Biochemical and functional modifications in biathlon athletes at medium altitude training / Modificările biochimice și funcționale ale atleților biatloniști după antrenament la altitudine medie

Abstract Objective: The aim of our research was to identify physiological and biochemical changes induced by training at medium altitude. Methods: Ten biathlon athletes underwent 28-day training camp at medium altitude in order to improve their aerobic effort, following the living high-base train high-interval train low (Hi-Hi-Lo) protocol. There were investigated three categories of functional and biochemical parameters, targeting the hematological changes (RBC, HCT, HGB), the oxidative (lipoperoxid, free malondialdehyde and total malondialdehyde) and antioxidative balance (the hydrogen donor capacity, ceruloplasmin and uric acid) and the capacity of effort (the maximum aerobic power, the cardiovascular economy in effort, the maximum O2 consumption). Results: All the biochemical and functional evaluated parameters showed significant increases between the pre-training testing and post-training testing (5.13 ± 0.11 vs. 6.50 ± 0.09, p < 0.0001 for RBC; 44.80 ± 1.22 vs. 51.31 ± 2.31, p < 0.0001 for HCT; 15.06 ± 0.33 vs. 17.14 ± 0.25, p < 0.0001 for HGB; 1.32 ± 0.04 vs.1.62 ± 0.01, p < 0.0001 for LPx; 1.61 ± 0.01 vs. 1.73 ± 0.01, p < 0.0001 for free MDA; 2.98 ± 0.08 vs. 3.37 ± 0.03, p < 0.0001 for total MDA; 45.92 ± 0.13 vs. 57.98 ± 0.12, p < 0.0001 for HD; 25.95 ± 0.13 vs. 31.04 ± 0.06, p < 0.0001 for Crp; 3.47 ± 0.03 vs.7.69 ± 0.02, p < 0.0001 for UA; 63.91 ± 1.00 vs. 81.53 ± 1.97, p < 0.0001 for MAP; 33.13 ± 0.57 vs. 57.41 ± 0.63, p < 0.0001 for CVEE; 4190 ± 50.45 vs. 5945 ± 46.48, p < 0.0001 for VO2max). Conclusions: Aerobic effort capacity of biathlon athletes has increased in the post-training period, using Hi-Hi-Lo protocol.