Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential predictors of surgical evacuation following early medical abortion: a prospective study

Background: Medical management is the safer, effective and more convenient method for the management of missed abortion. Owing to the risk and complications, medical management is offered to all the women presenting with missed abortions. Yet after all possible efforts a large number of patients land up into surgical evacuation. This study is conducted for the in-depth analysis of the patient's presenting complaints and their risk factors to establish the correlation of these factors with failed medical abortion. This would help in the establishment of easily identifiable subgroups for whom medical management would be a success. Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted at St. Stephen’s hospital Delhi during September 2019-June 2020. 55 women with missed abortion attending the gynaecological clinic and emergency, were recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. After taking informed and written consent, all cases were administered misoprostol by vaginal route for medical management. Patients were followed up for 24 hours and looked for the outcome.Results: We found that multiparity, advanced gestational age and previous caesarean deliveries were the predictors of uterine evacuation following failed medical management. Higher chances of complete abortion were seen among multiparous and among the patients who had bleeding at the time of presentation. Failure of medical management was seen in around 70% cases with more than 9 weeks gestational age. Lesser side effects are observed with 400 mcg misoprostol dosing.Conclusions: Nulliparous patients and the patients presenting with bleeding at the time of presentation had more complete abortion. Multiparity and previous caesarean delivery is associated with failed medical management. After studying the potential risk factors, every patient can be counselled about the chances of completion of medical management.
Kuwaiti Students’ Achievements in Mathematics: Findings From the TIMSS Assessments: Reality and Reasons

Kuwait, has participated in international TIMSS test for many years, however, there has been little systematic effort to compile and assess changes between genders. This study attempts to look at the results of Kuwaiti students on the TIMSS mathematics assessments in general and according to gender in particular and the views of supervisors on the relatively low performance of Kuwaiti students. The study employed a mixed method approach in which data analysis of test results, IEA-issued documents, and statistics and official reports were used. Two focus group interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of nine educational supervisors from mathematics and science. The results show that the performance of Kuwaiti students in both the fourth and eighth grades was extremely low on the TIMSS mathematics assessments in general and in content areas in particular, since the first participation in 1995, even though the performance of eighth graders showed a slight improvement in 2015 in all areas. The TIMSS results also show that the higher the level of thinking that was assessed, the lower the performance of Kuwaiti students was. The data indicate that throughout all years, Kuwaiti girls outperformed boys, considering the slight improvement especially in 2015, yet both performances lagged behind international norms. Focus group transcript analysis reveals that supervisors perceived that students’ low performance on the TIMSS assessment test is related to a number of reasons as lack of interest in TIMSS test, unfamiliarity with TIMSS questions, and students’ weakness in the Arabic language. The paper concludes the need to systematically evaluate the TIMSS results, and develop interventions and a competent national curriculum in Kuwait.
Relations of epistemic beliefs with motivation, achievement, and aspirations in science: Generalizability across 72 societies.

The proliferation of information and divergent viewpoints in the 21st century requires an educated citizenry with the ability to critically evaluate information and make informed decisions. To meet this demand, adaptive epistemic understandings and beliefs about the nature of knowledge are needed, such as believing that scientific knowledge is evolving (development of knowledge) and needs to be justified through experimentation (justification of knowledge). Our study is the first to use nationally representative samples from 72 societies (PISA2015 database; N= 514,119 students) to examine how scientific epistemic beliefs about development and justification of knowledge in science are associated with students’ science motivation, achievement, and career aspirations in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, as well as the cross-national generalizability of these relations. Results showed that (a) students who had more adaptive beliefs about knowledge being changeable and stemming from experimentation were likely to have high science self-efficacy, utility value, and particularly high intrinsic value; (b) epistemic beliefs were more strongly linked to science achievement than were motivational constructs; (c) the positive relation between epistemic beliefs and STEM-related career aspirations was largely explained by motivation and achievement; (d) the pattern of results generalized well across societies. Our findings suggest that epistemic beliefs are substantially positively associated with adolescents’ science learning, implying that developing effective interventions that focus on development and justification of knowledge would be fruitful for promoting science educational outcomes.
Hipotermia terapeutyczna jako oziębienie i utrzymanie docelowej temperatury ciała w leczeniu pacjentów po nagłym zatrzymaniu krążenia (NZK) – przegląd narracyjny

Therapeutic hypothermia is one of the few interventions that improve survival after sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) with good neurological outcome. Nowadays, mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) is a well-documented method in emergency medicine. Current guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation recommend this method in patients after the return of spontaneous circulation. Low temperature causes some adaptive responses, e.g. a protective effect in the central nervous system (CNS) and improved neurological status. As a therapeutic method, it is usually applied in the form of mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH), currently referred to as targeted temperature management (TTM, 32–36C). The aim of the present narrative review was to present the current data and trends regarding the use of TTM in Poland compared to other selected countries. The literature analysis has revealed a relatively positive trend in terms of the method popularity and implementation. However, recent reports clearly demonstrate that it is applied highly too cautiously and insuffi ciently in Poland compared to other European countries. This is of particular concern as the instances where hypothermia has been used in therapy show that it is truly effective in patients after SCA.
Effect of a diet containing a mixture of soybean isoflavones and soyasaponins on contact hypersensitivity and gut microbiota in mice

Dietary soybean isoflavones (SIs) and soyasaponins (SSs) individually exert inhibitory effects on contact hypersensitivity (CHS), which is an animal model of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD); however, the beneficial effects of diets containing a mixture of SIs and SSs on CHS remain unclear. Here, we investigated the CHS-suppressive effects of diets containing a mixture of SIs and SSs at physiologically relevant doses, and the role of the gut microbiota. The diets attenuated ear swelling and reduced the number of Gr-1-positive cells infiltrating the auricle tissues. Ear swelling was inhibited in the SI-and SS-treated mice compared to the SI-treated mice. Compared to the CHS controls, the levels of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) were lower in the auricle tissues of SI- and SS-treated mice, whereas TREM-1 production was not suppressed in SI- or SS-treated mice. In addi-tion, vancomycin treatment had little effect on the CHS-inhibitory activity of SI and SS diets, whereas ciprofloxacin and metronidazole treatments blocked the effects of SI and SS diets. These antibiotics exhibited differing effects on the microbiota composition deduced from the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Therefore, con-suming a mixture of SIs and SSs has ACD-preventive effects and is affected by the gut microbiota.
Spectral motherhood and maternal grieving: language and sudden unexplained death in infancy in Australian juvenile fiction

ABSTRACT Written by adults for children, children’s literature plays a significant role in shaping readers’ identities and worldviews, including those relating to gender and death. In two Australian children’s novels, The Shape (2000) by Diane Bates and The Naming of Tishkin Silk (2003) by Glenda Millard, the generic depiction of motherhood meets new representational agendas relating to sudden unexplained death in infancy and grieving at a politically charged price. Primarily drawing on an Irigarayian theory relating to motherhood, and patriarchal language and discourse, this paper argues that the depressed mothers in these two novels function as spectral figures, whose absent presence and present absence haunt both the child protagonists and the texts. Moreover, the fictional mothers’ healing is dependent on their relationship to their surviving children, which ensures that ideologies of motherhood are contained within patriarchal discourses in these texts for children.
Teaching practices for developing oral language skills in Catalan schools

Abstract This paper describes teachers’ practices and their perceptions regarding the teaching and learning of oral language in Catalan schools. We used the Assessment Scale for Oral Language Teaching in School Settings (EVALOE) instrument, created and validated with the aim of assessing teachers’ practices for promoting the development of language skills (speaking and listening) in their classrooms, as well as their own perceptions of their classroom practices through an interview. Research participants are 111 teachers and their student’s groups from 36 schools around Catalonia. The study shows that the teachers themselves direct the communication in the classroom, that they often fail to clearly state the content of the oral language being studied, and that they do not systematically assess the learning outcomes of this content. In addition, they use few of the teaching strategies that have proved most useful in language learning. This paper stresses that these practices need to be revised so that teachers and students be aware of language teaching and to create environments that promote the development of students’ language skills.
Dietary shifts in a group of early Eocene euarchontans (Microsyopidae) in association with climatic change

Microsyopidae is a family of plesiadapiforms known from over 1500 stratigraphically controlled specimens from the southern Bighorn Basin of Wyoming spanning the first three million years of the early Eocene. The early Eocene is characterized by rapid fluctuations in climate during the period represented by this collection of microsyopids, making this an ideal sample to examine how climate may have influenced early stem primate biology, particularly diet. An evolving lineage of microsyopids is known from before, during, and after Biohorizon A, a faunal turnover event associated with a period of localized cooling. Dental topographic analysis (DTA) metrics quantify functional aspects of molars including curvature, complexity and relief, and covary with diet in extant taxa. Here, we use DTA to examine microsyopid dietary change over time, particularly in association with this cooling event. Our results suggest that microsyopids had molars that are functionally like extant insectivorous/omnivorous euarchontans. The earliest occurring species, Arctodontomys wilsoni, is characterized by molars that became more like modern insectivores over time. During Biohorizon A, A. wilsoni is replaced by A. nuptus, which has molars that are more like those of extant omnivores with a mixed diet including fruit. After Biohorizon A, A. nuptus appears more insectivorous, as is the later occurring Microsyops angustidens, which evolves from A. nuptus. Overall, we provide potential evidence for a causal scenario in which local climate change coincided with a dietary transition among microsyopids. Our results have implications for understanding how diet was a prime mover for the evolution of Primates.
Challenging the Norm: Is Routine Use of Cranial CT in Evaluation of Craniosynostosis Necessary?

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Background: Cranial CT is routinely taught to be the gold standard for diagnosis of craniosynostosis and used by craniofacial teams for suspected nonsyndromic single suture craniosynostosis. Given the risks associated with infant CTs, do these scans provide significantly enhanced diagnostic accuracy compared to the physical exam when performed by an experienced clinical provider? Method: A retrospective chart review was performed for children who underwent corrective surgery for nonsyndromic, single-suture craniosynostosis over an 11 year period by a single craniofacial team. Ages at presentation and surgery, preoperative clinical diagnosis and imaging, co-existing radiographic findings, and correlation with the intraoperative diagnosis were analyzed. Results: A total of 138 patients were included in this study. The mean age was 4.2 months at initial craniofacial evaluation, and 8.0 months at time of surgery. Twenty-seven patients received imaging prior to our clinic. Of those, 21 had plain radiography and 6 had CT scans. Of the remaining 111 patients referred without imaging, craniosynostosis was clinically diagnosed in 102 (92%), whereas 9 (8%) had an unclear clinical diagnosis. Of these 9, 1 (1%) was diagnosed clinically at follow-up exam, and the remaining 8 (7%) were diagnosed using radiography (3 CT scans, 5 plain radiographs). In all patients, the preoperative diagnosis was confirmed during intraoperative assessment. Conclusions: Cranial CT was not needed by experienced craniofacial providers in 93% of nonsyndromic, single-suture craniosynostosis. Imaging obtained before craniofacial clinic referral may have been unnecessary. These findings question the classic teaching that preoperative cranial CT is the gold standard for diagnosis in infants with nonsyndromic, single-suture craniosynostosis.
Agricultural Practices Modulate the Beneficial Activity of Bacterial-Feeding Nematodes for Plant Growth and Nutrition: Evidence from an Original Intact Soil Core Technique

Free-living nematodes have beneficial effects on plant growth and nutrition. Exploring how agricultural practices modulate these beneficial effects is still challenging. A study was conducted in Ferralsols from Madagascar from one unmanaged grassland and 16 upland rainfed rice fields, representative of different agricultural practices: rotation, agroforestry and monoculture. Intact soil cores in plastic cylinders were sampled in the field to assess the effects of agricultural practices on changes in plant growth and nutrition induced by the presence of bacterial-feeding nematodes. The soil cores were fumigated to kill the nematodes and moistened with a filtered fresh soil suspension containing only microbial cells. A rice seed was introduced in the core, which was then incubated under natural climatic conditions for 40 days with or without inoculation of the bacterial-feeding nematode Acrobeloides sp. The inoculation of the nematodes induced lower, similar or higher plant biomass and nutrient content in comparison to the control according to the agricultural practices. Positive effects of Acrobeloides sp. on plant functions were frequent in soil cores sampled from fields with high plant diversity, especially from agroforestry systems. The intact soil core technique appears to be a robust means of mimicking field conditions and constitutes a promising tool to assess effects on soil processes of the ecological intensification of agricultural practices.
Changes in lumbopelvic motion and trunk muscle activity during 2000 m rowing ergometer trial

1 The changes in lumbopelvic motion and trunk muscle activity occurring during 2000 2 m rowing in elite collegiate rowers (five men and three women with rowing careers of 3 5.6±2.1 years) were investigated. The pelvic inclination and the lumbar angle were 4 calculated. Surface electrodes were attached to the rectus abdominis, external oblique, 5 internal oblique, multifidus, erector spinae, latissimus dorsi, rectus femoris, and biceps 6 femoris. Three consecutive strokes at the 20% and 80% time-points of a 2000 m race 7 simulation were analyzed. The root-mean-square was calculated during the early drive 8 phase, late drive phase, and recovery phase. Root-mean-square amplitude was 9 normalized by maximum voluntary contraction. Between two time-points, paired t-tests 10 for each angle and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for each muscle were performed. 11 Biceps femoris activity during the late drive phase and rectus abdominis activity during 12 the recovery phase decreased significantly in prolonged rowing. Posterior inclination of 13 the pelvis at the catch and middle positions, lumbar flexion at the catch position, and 14 activity of the erector spinae and multifidus during the early drive phase increased 15 significantly in prolonged rowing. The inability to maintain the set position during the 16 recovery phase owing to decreased rectus abdominis activity may lead to excessive 17 posterior pelvic tilt in the catch position. Since an increase in the posterior inclination 18 of the pelvis and lumbar flexion occurred in apparent opposition to erector spinae and 19 multifidus function, repetitive rowing may have decreased the control of the 20 intersegmental motion of the lumbar spine.
Caregiver Perspectives on Schooling From Home During the Spring 2020 COVID-19 Closures

Abstract The abrupt onset of the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated an unprecedented shift to remote schooling for students across the United States and required many caregivers to take a primary or secondary role as schoolteacher. The goal of this study was to better understand caregivers’ experiences of schooling from home during the spring 2020 COVID-19 closures. Roughly 1,000 caregivers, the majority of whom were White, highly educated mothers, responded to the survey, documenting their children’s daily remote learning experiences and providing insight into the frequency and perceived quality of specialized services and individualized support plans. Results highlight the wide variability in students’ daily educational experiences. Estimates of assigned work ranged from less than 30 minutes to more than three hours per day across grade levels, and approximately 1 in 4 caregivers reported that their child received no synchronous instruction. Furthermore, reports provide insight into the specific stresses experienced by caregivers in navigating schooling from home, most notably related to time and communication. Impact Statement Results of the first national survey of caregivers regarding their experiences of schooling from home during the spring 2020 COVID-19 closures highlight how different remote schooling looked—both from typical in-person learning and across the country. Caregivers described limited synchronous instruction, inconsistent home–school communication, and lack of adequate supports for students requiring specialized services. Limited time and content knowledge were reported as common barriers to caregiver assistance with schooling.
Share Pledging and Corporate Default Risk: Evidence from the Chinese Stock Market

In this paper, we assess the economic impact of share pledging by focusing on corporate debt default risk, the most disruptive events in the life of a corporation. Using Instrumental Variables and a regulatory change that increasing the possibility of share pledging as a quasi-exogenous shock, we establish that increased share pledging decreases corporate default risk. The baseline results are robust by eliminating the effect of financial crises, adding other control variables, constructing new PSM samples and use other proxies for default risk. Further tests show that the relation is attenuated in higher ownership concentration and lower ex-ante institutional ownership firms. Our results indicate that share pledging can be beneficial to shareholders and important stakeholders like creditors by reducing the likelihood of corporate default. Our paper throws additional light on the economic impact of share pledging. Although several studies argue that share pledging incentivizes corporate insiders to use corporate resources for private benefits and destroy firm value on the Taiwanese stock market, our findings indicate that share pledging facilitates external monitoring and enables creditors to protect themselves. Our overall findings are consistent with prior literature which shows that share pledging improves market value of Chinese A-share listed firms. We believe that as strong government intervention during market downturns may limit A-share listed firms’ exposure to downside risk associated, share pledging can play a more positive role in our setting.
SCA-CDNet: a robust siamese correlation-and-attention-based change detection network for bitemporal VHR images

ABSTRACT Change detection is a key step in various geographic information applications such as land cover change monitoring, agricultural assessment, natural disaster evaluation, and illegal building investigation. In practice, discovering, or outlining these changes is labour intensive and time-consuming. To address this problem, a novel end-to-end Siamese correlation-and-attention-based change detection network (SCA-CDNet) is proposed for bitemporal very-high-resolution images in this paper. In this method, five strategies are adopted to improve the final change detection results. First, data augmentation is used to reduce the overfitting effectively and improve the generalization ability of the training model. Second, in encoding, classic networks (e.g. ResNet) are introduced to extract the multiscale features of the image and make full use of the existing pretraining weights of the network to reduce the difficulty of subsequent model training. Third, a new correlation module is designed to stack the above bitemporal features correspondingly and extract change features with smaller dimensions. Fourth, an attention model is introduced between the correlation module and the decoder module to make the network pay more attention to areas or channels with a greater effect on change analysis. Fifth, a new weighted cross-entropy loss function is designed, which enables training to focus on error detection and improve the final accuracy of the training model. Finally, extensive experimental results on three public data sets including the evaluation of data augmentation, ablation study, and comparison with the state of the art demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed method, achieving an intersection of union (IoU) of 84.15%, 83.50%, and 77.29% on the three data sets, respectively.