Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Error Probability of Asynchronous Spread Spectrum Multiple Access Communication Systems

Several approaches for the evaluation of upper and lower bounds on error probability of asynchronous spread spectrum multiple access communication systems are presented. These bounds are obtained by utilizing an isomorphism theorem in the theory of moment spaces. From this theorem, we generate closed, compact, and convex bodies, where one of the coordinates represents error probability, while the other coordinate represents a generalized moment of the multiple access interference random variable. Derivations for the second moment, fourth moment, single exponential moment, and multiple exponential moment are given in terms of the partial cross correlations of the codes used in the system. Error bounds based on the use of these moments are obtained. By using a sufficient number of terms in the multiple exponential moment, upper and lower error bounds can be made arbitrarily tight. In that case, the error probability equals the multiple exponential moment of the multiple access interference random variable. An example using partial cross correlations based on codes generated from Gold's method is presented.
Performance of a Three-Dimensional Morphing Wing and Comparison with a Conventional Wing

In this paper, a morphing-wing concept based on compliant ribs is considered as a replacement for conventional ailerons and its performance is investigated. The roll performance of the three-dimensional morphing-wing solution for different design speeds and under structural and strength constraints is analyzed. The design approach uses optimization techniques and considers the three-dimensional aerostructural behavior. The results show the possibility of producing sufficient roll control authority with a morphing solution, thus replacing conventional ailerons up to a design speed of 250 km/h. In a further step, the weight of the system as a function of the produced rolling moment is compared with the one of a conventional system. The obtained relations offer an estimation of the weight penalties associated with morphing. This estimation can be useful in the preliminary design of morphing aircraft.
Extension of Berenger's PML absorbing boundary conditions to arbitrary anisotropic magnetic media

To simply and effectively absorb waves propagating in arbitrary anisotropic magnetic media, a material independent perfectly matched layer (MIPML) absorber is proposed. Within this MIPML absorber, conductivities /spl sigma//sup E/ and /spl sigma//sup B/ (instead of /spl sigma//sup E/ and /spl sigma//sup H/) are used. This results in that electric field E and magnetic flux density B are directly absorbed by the proposed absorber, whereas magnetic field H is simultaneously absorbed through the relation of B and H. It is shown that, with the help of this MIPML absorber, Berenger's PML can be simply and successfully extended to arbitrary anisotropic magnetic media.
Latinx Individuals Who Smoke Daily with and without a Probable Anxiety Disorder: Differences in Smoking Behavior and Beliefs about Abstinence

There is a well-established relation between anxiety psychopathology and smoking in the general population. However, little work focuses on Latinx/Hispanic (hereafter Latinx) persons who smoke from this comorbidity perspective. The present investigation aimed to explore differences among English-speaking Latinx adults who live in the United States (US) and smoke cigarettes with and without a probable anxiety disorder in terms of cigarette dependence, perceived barriers for quitting, severity of problems when quitting, and smoking abstinence expectancies. The sample included 338 adult Latinx daily cigarette smokers (Mage = 35.53 years; SD = 8.65; age range 18–61; 37.3% female) who identified as Latinx and were recruited nationally throughout the US. Results indicated that among Latinx persons who smoke, those with a probable anxiety disorder (compared to those without) were more likely to demonstrate higher levels of cigarette dependence, severity of problems when trying to quit, perceived barriers for quitting, and negative abstinence expectancies after adjusting for key variables linked to smoking and anxiety (e.g., hazardous drinking, education). The current findings are the first to document probable anxiety disorder status as a clinically relevant factor for a wide range of smoking variables and beliefs about abstinence among Latinx persons who smoke.
Stressed, Lonely, and Overcommitted: Predictors of Lawyer Suicide Risk

Suicide is a significant public health concern, and lawyers have been shown to have an elevated risk for contemplating it. In this study, we sought to identify predictors of suicidal ideation in a sample consisting of 1962 randomly selected lawyers. Using logistic regression analysis, we found that high levels of work overcommitment, high levels of perceived stress, loneliness as measured by the UCLA loneliness scale, and being male were all significantly associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation. These results suggest that interventions aimed at reducing work overcommitment, stress, and loneliness, and addressing gender-specific risk factors, may be effective in reducing the risk of suicidal ideation among lawyers. Further research is needed to expand upon these findings and to develop and test interventions specifically tailored to the needs of this population.
Lentilactobacillus kefiri SGL 13 and Andrographis paniculata alleviate dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis in mice

Introduction Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory conditions that typically involve diarrhea, abdominal pain, fatigue, and weight loss, with a dramatic impact on patients’ quality of life. Standard medications are often associated with adverse side effects. Thus, alternative treatments such as probiotics are of great interest. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of oral administration of Lentilactobacillus kefiri (basonym: Lactobacillus kefiri) SGL 13 and Andrographis paniculata, namely, Paniculin 13™, on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)- treated C57BL/6J mice. Methods Colitis was induced by administering 1.5% DSS in drinking water for 9 days. Forty male mice were divided into four groups, receiving PBS (control), 1.5% DSS, Paniculin 13™ and 1.5% DSS + Paniculin 13™. Results The results showed that body weight loss and Disease Activity Index (DAI) score were improved by Paniculin 13™. Moreover, Paniculin 13™ ameliorated DSS-induced dysbiosis, by modulating the gut microbiota composition. The gene expression of MPO, TNFα and iNOS in colon tissue was reduced and these data matched with the histological results, supporting the efficacy of Paniculin 13™ in reducing the inflammatory response. No adverse effects were associated to Paniculin 13™ administration. Discussion In conclusion, Paniculin 13™ could be an effective add-on approach to conventional therapies for IBD.
Static and dynamic calibration of thin-film thermocouples by means of a laser modulation technique

This article presents static and dynamic calibration methods of thin-film thermocouples (TFTCs) by means of a laser modulation technique. The static calibration is based on a combined analysis of theoretical and experimental results; knowing the experimental parameters (incident laser power, beam waist radius), the temperature of the exposed junction is theoretically calculated using a thermal model and the sensor electromotive force (emf) response is recorded. The ratio between the sensor emf and the corresponding temperature gives the TFTC sensitivity. The periodic method is used to determine both the frequency response and the 95% response time of the TFTC. Special test patterns with integrated Au/Pd thin-film thermocouples are developed and tested by these methods. Results of Au/Pd TFTC sensitivity are compared to the literature values and a good agreement is obtained.
Near-Infrared Transitions from the Singlet Excited States to the Ground Triplet State of the S2 Molecule

Intensity of transitions from the b1∑g+ and a1Δg states to the ground state X3∑g− in the near IR emission spectrum of the S2 molecule has been calculated by the multireference configuration interaction method taking into account spin-orbit coupling (SOC). The intensity of the b1∑g+ − X3∑g,Ms=±1− transition is largely determined by the spin interaction with the electromagnetic wave, which comes from the zero-field splitting of the ground X multiplet and the SOC-induced mixing between b and X3∑g,0− states. The Einstein coefficients for the experimentally detected 0−0, 0−1, 1−1 bands of the b1∑g+−X3∑g,Ms=±1− emission system are calculated in good agreement with observations. The Einstein coefficient of the a1∆g−X3∑g,Ms=±1− magnetic dipole transition is very low, being equal to 0.0014 s−1. Nonetheless, the weakest of all experimentally observed bands (the 0−0 band of the a-XMs=±1 transition) qualitatively corresponds to this calculation. Most importantly, we provide many other IR bands for magnetic dipole b1∑g+ − X3∑g,Ms=±1− and a1∆g−X3∑g,Ms=±1− transitions, which could be experimentally observable in the S2 transparency windows from a theoretical point of view. We hope that these results will contribute to the further experimental exploration of the magnetic infrared bands in the S2 dimer.
Some problems in the collective theory of risk

Abstract In most works treating the ruin problem of an insurance company, the probability of ruin some time in the future is chiefly considered. The time variable is thus eliminated, which in most respects simplifies the problem theoretically. But as well from theoretical as from practical points of view it is also of interest to know the probability of ruin before a certain point of time. This subject has been more closely dealt with by Tryggwe Saxen [1] 1 for insurance with only negative sums at risk. In this paper we shall treat the same problem for positive risk sums, especially when the risk sum distribution can be represented by an exponential function.
Secondary Schottky–Klein prime functions associated with multiply connected planar domains

In recent years, a general mathematical framework for solving applied problems in multiply connected domains has been developed based on use of the Schottky–Klein (S–K) prime function of an underlying compact Riemann surface known as the Schottky double of the domain. In this paper, we describe additional function-theoretic objects that are naturally associated with planar multiply connected domains and which we refer to as secondary S–K prime functions. The basic idea develops, and extends, an observation of Burnside dating back to 1892. Applications of the new functions to represent conformal slit maps of mixed type that have been a topic of recent interest in the literature are given. Other possible applications are also surveyed.
Effects of post‐annealing on (110) Cu2O epitaxial films and origin of low mobility in Cu2O thin‐film transistor

We grew epitaxial (110) Cu2O films on (110) MgO substrates toward high‐mobility p‐channel oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs). The (110) Cu2O films exhibited high Hall mobilities ∼90 cm2(Vs)−1 comparable to those of high‐quality single‐crystals, which were obtained in a narrow growth condition for 650 nm‐thick films. TFTs using the epitaxial (110) Cu2O channels exhibited p‐channel operation, but the field‐effect mobilities and the on‐to‐off drain current ratio were far from satisfaction (∼0.04 cm2(Vs)−1 and ∼2, respectively). In order to investigate the origin of the poor mobility, the films were subjected to post‐deposition annealing under various oxygen partial pressures (PO2−A = 0.65–10−3 Pa). Optical measurements revealed that subgap states exist in all the films and their amounts were increased by post‐deposition annealing irrespective of PO2−A. The subgap density of states estimated by the optical analyses are consistent roughly with that estimated from the TFT mobility.
The Dilemma of HSV-1 Oncolytic Virus Delivery: The Method Choice and Hurdles

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as effective gene therapy and immunotherapy drugs. As an important gene delivery platform, the integration of exogenous genes into OVs has become a novel path for the advancement of OV therapy, while the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the most commonly used. However, the current mode of administration of HSV-1 oncolytic virus is mainly based on the tumor in situ injection, which limits the application of such OV drugs to a certain extent. Intravenous administration offers a solution to the systemic distribution of OV drugs but is ambiguous in terms of efficacy and safety. The main reason is the synergistic role of innate and adaptive immunity of the immune system in the response against the HSV-1 oncolytic virus, which is rapidly cleared by the body’s immune system before it reaches the tumor, a process that is accompanied by side effects. This article reviews different administration methods of HSV-1 oncolytic virus in the process of tumor treatment, especially the research progress in intravenous administration. It also discusses immune constraints and solutions of intravenous administration with the intent to provide new insights into HSV-1 delivery for OV therapy.
Kinetics of Precipitation Processes at Non-Zero Input Fluxes of Segregating Particles

We consider the process of formation and growth of clusters of a new phase in segregation processes in solid or liquid solutions in an open system when segregating particles are added continuously to it with a given rate of input fluxes, Φ. As shown here, the value of the input flux significantly affects the number of supercritical clusters formed, their growth kinetics, and, in particular, the coarsening behavior in the late stages of the process. The detailed specification of the respective dependencies is the aim of the present analysis, which combines numerical computations with an analytical treatment of the obtained results. In particular, a treatment of the coarsening kinetics is developed, allowing a description of the development of the number of clusters and their average sizes in the late stages of the segregation processes in open systems, which goes beyond the scope of the classical Lifshitz, Slezov and Wagner theory. As is also shown, in its basic ingredients, this approach supplies us with a general tool for the theoretical description of Ostwald ripening in open systems, or systems where the boundary conditions, like temperature or pressure, vary with time. Having this method at one’s disposal supplies us with the possibility that conditions can be theoretically tested, leading to cluster size distributions that are most appropriate for desired applications.
Peroneal intraneural ganglion cyst with a nearly invisible joint connection (even to advocates of the articular theory): illustrative case

BACKGROUND The articular (synovial) theory describes the formation of intraneural ganglion cysts through defects in the capsule of synovial joints. While the articular theory is gaining significant traction in the literature, it is not universally accepted. Therefore, the authors present a case of a plainly visible peroneal intraneural cyst, although the subtle joint connection was not identified specifically at the time of surgery, with subsequent rapid extraneural cyst recurrence. The joint connection was not immediately evident on review of the magnetic resonance imaging, even to the authors who have a large experience with this clinical entity. The authors report this case to demonstrate that all intraneural ganglion cysts have joint connections, although they may be difficult to identify. OBSERVATIONS An occult joint connection in the intraneural ganglion poses a unique diagnostic and management dilemma. High-resolution imaging is a valuable tool used to identify the articular branch joint connection as part of the surgical planning. LESSONS Based on the articular theory, all intraneural ganglion cysts will have a joint connection through an articular branch, although this may be small or nearly invisible. Failure to appreciate this connection can lead to cyst recurrence. A high index of suspicion of the articular branch is needed for surgical planning.
A Three-Dimensional Engineered Cardiac In Vitro Model: Controlled Alignment of Cardiomyocytes in 3D Microphysiological Systems

Cardiomyocyte alignment in myocardium tissue plays a significant role in the physiological, electrical, and mechanical functions of the myocardium. It remains, however, difficult to align cardiac cells in a 3D in vitro heart model. This paper proposes a simple method to align cells using microfabricated Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) grooves with large dimensions (of up to 350 µm in width), similar to the dimensions of trabeculae carneae, the smallest functional unit of the myocardium. Two cell groups were used in this work; first, H9c2 cells in combination with Nor10 cells for proof of concept, and second, neonatal cardiac cells to investigate the functionality of the 3D model. This model compared the patterned and nonpatterned 3D constructs, as well as the 2D cell cultures, with and without patterns. In addition to alignment, we assessed the functionality of our proposed 3D model by comparing beating rates between aligned and non-aligned structures. In order to assess the practicality of the model, the 3D aligned structures should be demonstrated to be detachable and alignable. This evaluation is crucial to the use of this 3D functional model in future studies related to drug screening, building blocks for tissue engineering, and as a heart-on-chip by integrating microfluidics.
Paternal and maternal predictors of affective and cognitive involvement of three-year-old Chilean children in Chile (Predictores del involucramiento afectivo y cognitivo de padres y madres con sus hijas/os de tres años en Chile)

ABSTRACT Maternal and paternal involvement are an important predictor of child development. In the current study, we describe the cognitive and affective involvement of parents with their three-year-old children in a sample of 115 Chilean parents of medium/low socioeconomic status. Additionally, we analysed differences in the level of involvement of mothers and fathers and examined the relationship between depressive symptoms, parental stress, number of children, level of parental education, gender of the child and parental involvement. We performed a descriptive, correlational and regression analysis. The results revealed that mothers and fathers report higher levels of affective than cognitive involvement. When comparing mothers and fathers, mothers reported higher levels of cognitive and affective involvement. Paternal stress and depressive symptoms were negatively associated with cognitive and affective involvement with their children. In mothers, more children and stress were associated with lower levels of cognitive involvement with their children.
Two-dimensional mathematical modelling of local-scour holes

A morphological model for the development of local-scour holes behind structures is developed, based on the 2-D Navier Stokes and convection-diffusion equations. The bed-load (transport) and the concentration at a reference level close to the bed are prescribed using a stochastical approach for the instantaneous bed shear-stress. The standard deviation of the latter is closely related to the turbulence energy in the mixing layer and to the bed turbulence. The computed developments of local-scour holes in scale models and in prototype are compared to measured developments. Reasonable results regarding flow velocities, sediment concentrations and bed configurations as function of time are obtained, promising reliable predictions for local-scour holes in practice.
Robust fault detection filter design for a class of neutral‐type neural networks with time‐varying discrete and unbounded distributed delays

This paper is concerned with the problem of robust fault detection filter design for a class of neutral‐type neural networks with time‐varying discrete and unbounded distributed delays. A Luenberger‐type observer is designed for monitoring fault. By introducing an appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and by using Jensen's inequality techniques to deal with its derivative, a new sufficient condition for the existence of robust fault detection filter is proposed in the form of LMIs with nonlinear constraints. To solve the nonlinear problem, a cone complementarity linearization algorithm is proposed. In addition, several numerical examples are provided to illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Texture analysis in cone-beam computed tomographic images of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the trabecular bone through texture analysis and compare the texture analysis characteristics of different areas in patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Materials and Methods Cone-beam computed tomographic images of 16 patients diagnosed with MRONJ were used. In sagittal images, 3 regions were chosen: active osteonecrosis (AO); intermediate tissue (IT), which presented a zone of apparently healthy tissue adjacent to the AO area; and healthy bone tissue (HT) (control area). Texture analysis was performed evaluating 7 parameters: secondary angular momentum, contrast, correlation, sum of squares, inverse moment of difference, sum of entropies, and entropy. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with a significance level of 5%. Results Comparing the areas of AO, IT, and HT, significant differences (P<0.05) were observed. The IT and AO area images showed higher values for parameters such as contrast, entropy, and secondary angular momentum than the HT area, indicating greater disorder in these tissues. Conclusion Through texture analysis, changes in the bone pattern could be observed in areas of osteonecrosis. The texture analysis demonstrated that areas visually identified and classified as IT still had necrotic tissue, thereby increasing the accuracy of delimiting the real extension of MRONJ.
Teacher Feedback Practice: Perceptions of Middle and High School Students in Mainland China

Teacher feedback occurs in almost every lesson and is increasingly seen as a key factor in student performance. How do students, as the recipients of feedback, perceive teacher feedback? This study aimed to investigate middle and high school students perception of teacher feedback practices in mathematics. Survey data were collected from 1,087 students (647 middle school students and 440 high school students) in three schools in mainland China. The results indicated that middle school students viewed feedback perceptions more positively than high school students, with boys reporting higher levels of feedback perceptions than girls. Further, implications for future research are discussed.