Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ender and Peer Effects in Social Networks

We investigate whether peer effects at work differ by gender and whether the gender difference in peer effects –if anydepends on work organization, precisely the structure of social networks. We develop a social network model with gender heterogeneity that we test by means of a realeffort laboratory experiment. We compare sequential networks in which information on peers flows exclusively downward (from peers to the worker) and simultaneous networks where it disseminates bi-directionally along an undirected line (from peers to the worker and from the worker to peers). We identify strong gender differences in peer effects, as males’ effort increases with peers’ performance in both types of network, whereas females behave conditionally. While they are influenced by peers in sequential networks, females disregard their peers’ performance when information flows in both directions. We reject that the difference between networks is driven by having one’s performance observed by others or by the presence of peers in the same session in simultaneous networks. We interpret the gender difference in terms of perception of a higher competitiveness of the environment in simultaneous than in sequential networks because of the bi-directional flow of information.
Is the heart of Fennoscandian rodent cycle still beating? A 14-year study of small mammals and Tengmalm's owls in northern Norway

Analyses of spatial and temporal patterns of the small mammal cycle in Fennoscandia have led to two main conclusions: a south-north geographical gradient in the strength of density dependence and period length, and a change in temporal dynamics with less clear periodicity and lower amplitude of fluctuations in recent years. Fourteen years (1985-1998) of small mammals trapping and Tengmalm's owls monitoring data provided clear evidence for 3-yr cycles of two vole species in inner Troms, north Norway, at the same latitude and only 80 km from Kilpisjarvi, north Finland, where 4-5-yr cycles have been the norm until the end of 1980s. The response of Tengmalm's owls to variation in small rodents abundance was not delayed, as was observed in central Finland. Common shrews appeared to have more stable dynamics. The features of the cycle, and a reassessment of the previously described patterns, show that the dynamics may be different over short distances. Furthermore, snow cover and habitat fragmentation should explicitly be taken into account in any understanding of the Fennoscandian gradient, and surrogate variables such as latitude should be avoided. We stress the need for a more extensive coverage of spatial and temporal patterns in cyclicity with respect to assumed ecological causes.
Effect of sinking spring phytoplankton blooms on lipid content and composition in suprabenthic and benthic invertebrates in a cold ocean coastal environment

Lipids were measured in 19 suprabenthic and benthic invertebrate taxa from 5 phyla to determine their responses to a sinking spring diatom bloom. In Conception Bay, as in many areas of coastal Newfoundland, Canada, benthic organisms experience sub-zero temperatures year round. Among specimens collected at depths between 210 and 220 m, the small mysid Erythrops erythrophtalma had, on average, the highest lipid concentration (6% of wet weight), while a holothurian (Order Apodida) had the lowest (0.3%). In E. erythrophtalma, 73% of the lipids were found in the neutral fraction, while in the sea cucumber 68% were polar lipids. The euphausiid Thysanoessa raschii had the highest proportion of essential ω3 fatty acids (41% total fatty acids) while the holothurian had the lowest (21%). Pseudocalanus spp. showed the highest mean value for the C16 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio indicative of lipids from nutrient-replete diatoms. The amphipods Acanthostepheia malmgreni and Anonyx spp. responded immediately to each spring bloom with increased total and neutral lipid contents. The mysid Pseudomma truncatum also showed a transient increase in total lipid content, but this occurred much later in the summer. However, P. truncatum, together with the decapod Pandalus borealis, the mysid Mysis mixta, and the polar bivalve Yoldia hyperborea, did respond immediately based on increased proportions of ω3 fatty acids, while the asteroid Ctenodiscus crispatus showed increased ω3 fatty acid proportions in its gonads much later. The chaetognath Parasagitta elegans differed from most other species in that it maintained very similar total lipid and C16 PUFA proportions throughout the sampling period, suggesting little direct response to the bloom. Thus, we found a variable response to the bloom with respect to phenology, even within orders, which depended upon feeding behaviour and gonadogenesis.
Improving the Critical Thinking Skills of Secondary School Students Using Problem-Based Learning.

: Problem-based learning (PBL) is a pedagogy where students gain knowledge about a subject through solving an ill-structured problem. Critical thinking skills (CTS) are the capacity to think about what to do or what to consider by an individual. This study sought to decide if using Problem-based Learning (PBL) improves the critical thinking skills (CTS) of the students in a secondary school in the subject of economics. This research used an experimental design. Twenty-seven (27) students were purposively selected from a secondary school in Zambales, Philippines for the school year 2017-2018. Results proved that there was a significant difference in the test scores before and after the intervention. We found PBL to be effective in improving the critical thinking skills of the students based on the result of the mean analysis, standard deviation, and t-test. The researchers recommend that problem-based learning may improve the level of critical thinking skills of the students and improve the teaching-learning process.
Do Contextual Factors Matter in the Adoption Of Proactive Environmental Management Practices in Hotels? The Manager’s Perspective

The aim of this study is to investigate the proactive environmental management practices by graded hotels in Sri Lanka and how these practices vary according to hotel ownership, size and star category. The study used stratified random sampling and the sample consisted of 314 managers from graded hotels in Sri Lanka. Using a selfadministrated questionnaire, the data of this study was collected from hotel managers and owners from different categories of hotels. The results of t-test and analysis of variance suggest that proactive environmental management practices of hotels vary by hotel category, size and ownership. More precisely, chainowned, highergraded (5-4 star) and mediumsized hotels were at the forefront of the adoption of proactive environmental management practices.
Patterns of Clonal Diversity in Geographically Marginal Populations of Antennaria rosea (Asteraceae: Inuleae) from Subarctic Alaska and Yukon Territory

Antennaria rosea (Asteraceae: Inuleae) is a herbaceous perennial that reproduces by gametophytic apomixis and is widespread in the cordillera of western North America, ranging from New Mexico to Alaska. In the overall pattern of population structure in A. rosea, the majority of the populations are polyclonal, although the average number of clones per population is relatively small (X̄ = 3.1). In general, clones are restricted to one or two populations (X̄ = 1.1) and, therefore, very few widespread clones exist. The subarctic populations are characterized by relatively low amounts of clonal diversity when compared with those from southern latitudes (X̄ = 2.0/population). Clonal diversity is negatively correlated with latitude, longitude, and elevation of the sites. It seems unlikely that A. rosea survived the last glacial episode in the northern glacial refugium, Beringia, and a more likely scenario for the phytogeographic pattern of clonal diversity is one that envisions A. rosea surviving the Wisconsinan south of the glacial margin or perhaps arising in the same region at the end of the Wisconsinan. New clones probably arise via crossing of facultatively apomictic clones of A. rosea to their sexual progenitors. As most of the eight sexual progenitor taxa are absent from the north, new clones cannot easily arise there. The lack of clonal diversity in the subarctic and arctic could be the result of a combination of recent migration and lack of sexual progenitors in the region.
Assessing Efficiency of ITIL Framework to Align Business And IT

: Ensuring that IT and business have a more mature alignment relationship is recognized as being critical to an organization’s success. To achieve alignment leveraging, Information Technology Infra-structure Library (ITIL) is considered fundamental as a comprehensive approach to planning and managing IT actions within the organization, based on its business requirements. This survey reports on a study to assess the effect of successful ITIL Framework on the Business-IT alignment in an Iranian organization (municipality IT organization Of Tehran, Iran), using the Luftman’s maturity model as the assessment tool.
PROOF COVER SHEET

Purpose: This systematic literature review aimed at examining the validity and applicability in everyday clinical rehabilitation practise of methods for the assessment of back muscle fatiguability in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP). Methods: Extensive research was performed in MEDLINE, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases from their inception to September 2014. Potentially relevant articles were also manually looked for in the reference lists of the identified publications. Studies examining lumbar muscle fatigue in people with CNSLBP were selected. Two reviewers independently selected the articles, carried out the study quality assessment and extracted the results. A modified Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) scale was used to evaluate the scientific rigour of the selected works. Results: Twenty-four studies fulfilled the selection criteria and were included in the systematic review. We found conflicting data regarding the validity of methods used to examine back muscle fatigue. The Biering-Sorensen test, performed in conjunction with surface electromyography spectral analysis, turned out to be the most widely used and comparatively, the most optimal modality currently available to assess objective back muscle fatigue in daily clinical practise, even though critical limitations are discussed. Conclusions: Future research should address the identification of an advanced method for lower back fatigue assessment in patients with CNSLBP which, eventually, might provide physical therapists with an objective and reliable test usable in everyday clinical practise. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Despite its limitations, the Biering-Sorensen test is currently the most used, convenient and easily available fatiguing test for lumbar muscles. To increase validity and reliability of the Biering-Sorensen test, concomitant activation of synergistic muscles should be taken into account. Pooled mean frequency and half-width of the spectrum are currently the most valid electromyographic parameters to assess fatigue in chronic non-specific low back pain. Body mass index, grading of pain and level of disability of the study population should be reported to enhance research quality. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 11 May 2014 Revised 11 September 2015 Accepted 10 October 2015 Published online 2 2 2
Adaptation of Drosophila to temperature: Heat‐shock proteins and survival in Drosophila melanogaster

Two stocks of Drosophila melanogaster, one sensitive (6.5% survival) and one resistant (76.24%) to heat shock (40"C/25 min) were derived through indirect selection [I]. Genetic analysis of heat-sensitive and heat-resistant lines we had selected revealed that the survival rate is chiefly determined by cytoplasmic inheritance but also depends to some extent on the nucleus [I]. The ability of the fly to survive thermal stress was found to have an excellent correlation with the kinetics of protein synthesis in ovaries or glands subjected to heat treatment. The incorporation rate of 35S-methionine into proteins was found to be higher for strains exhibiting higher survival (RI, RIS~) than for strains with a lesser ability (Sl, S1 RI) to survive heat shock. Moreover, the intensity of labeling of the proteins synthesized and especially of the hsps (heat-shock proteins) after the heat shock is higher in the RI and RISl stocks than in the SI and SIRl stocks. This convergence between survival and the cellular level of hsps (both manipulated by selection) bears on the physiological significance of these proteins which seems to participate in the control of the survival as an additive component.
Behavioral and Sexual Practices of HIV Infected Southwestern Nigerians: Implications for HIV Prevention and Control in the Country

Background: The development of setting specific HIV prevention requires up to date information on the bavioural and sexual practices of the individuals infected with HIV in that setting. This study was conducted to determine the sexual behavior and practices of PLWHAswith the aim of generating essential information that is required to develop setting specific HIV prevention tools. Methods: A cross sectional study of HIV infected adults receiving care, treatment and support services at a large HIV treatment center in, Lagos seen over a 6 month period. Analysis was with SPSS version 20.0 Results: Majority of respondents were females (56.5%), in the age group 25 35 years (50.3%) and desires to have children in future (81.9%). Heterosexual intercourse (68.5%) and blood transfusion (10.1%) were the commonest modes of HIV transmission, however anal sex (4.4%) and IVDU (1.4%) were other modes. While majority reported having at least one child (60.7%), 39.3% reported having no child. Over two thirds of the respondents (67.1%) were on highly active antiretroviral therapy, with only 31.2% achieving selfreport adherence of at least 95%. The HIV serodiscordant rate was 25%. Approximately seventy percent (69.9%) of the respondents reported having had sex in the last 3 months. Condom use rate increased from 29.3% to 35.8% post HIV diagnosis, while multiple sexual partnerships decreased from 51.9% to 35.3%. The differences were however not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: In the study, the low condom use rate and high multiple sexual partnership found seem to be driven by the respondents overwhelming desire for childbearing. HIV prevention efforts should target prevention tools such as Treatment as prevention (TasP) and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) that prevent HIV infection but not pregnancy. Citation: Ezechi Oliver Chukwujekwu, David Nkiru David, Idigbe Ifeoma Eugenia, Ohihoin Aigbe Greg (2017). Behavioral and Sexual Practices of HIV Infected Southwestern Nigerians: Implications for HIV Prevention and Control in the Country
Fidrmuc, Jarko und Süß, Philipp Johann: The Outbreak of the Russian Banking Crisis

Russian banks have been strongly influenced by the worldwide financial crisis which started in the second half of 2008. This was caused by a combination of domestic, regional and international factors. We estimate an early warning model for the Russian crisis. We identified 47 Russian banks which failed after September 2008. Using the Bankscope data set, we show that balance sheet indicators were informative about possible failures of these banks as early as 2006. The early predictive indicators include especially equity, net interest revenues, return on average equity, net loans, and loan loss reserves.
In�uence o� �ur�ace �reat�ents on the �ioactivit� o� �i

Several techniques have been described to modify the surface of titanium to make it more bioactive. Heat treatment (HT) and sodium hydroxide treatment (NaOH) have been used and can change the crystallinity and surface chemistry of titanium implants. However, no studies have systemically focused on comparing these different methods and their effect on the bioactivity of Ti. erefore, in this study, Ti substrates were systematically treated using HT, NaOH, and a combination of HT and NaOH. e Ti plates were heat treated at various temperatures, and the plates were sub�ected toHT followed by soaking inNaOHor �rst soaked in NaOH and then heat treated. e morphology, crystallinity, hardness, water contact angle, and surface energy of the samples were analyzed as well as the bioactivity aer immersion in PBS. Morphology and crystallinity changed with increasing temperature. e difference wasmost pronounced for the 800C treated samples. ewater contact angle decreased, and the surface energy increased with increasing temperature andwas highest for 800C. e rutile surface showed faster hydroxyapatite formation.NaOH treatment of the HT Ti samples increased the surface energy and improved its bioactivity further. Also, HT of NaOH samples improved the bioactivity compared to only HT.
Augmentation of wound healing by ascorbic acid treatment in mice exposed to γ‐radiation

Purpose: Because of the crucial practical importance of acute radiation exposure associated with combined injuries, the study was undertaken to investigate the effect of various doses of ascorbic acid on the survival and healing of wounds in mice exposed to whole‐body γ‐radiation. Materials and methods: Animals were given double‐distilled water or different doses of ascorbic acid by intraperitoneal injection before exposure to 0 or 10 Gy whole‐body γ‐radiation to evaluate the effect of ascorbic acid on radiation‐induced mortality. The animals were monitored daily for the symptoms of radiation sickness and mortality. In a separate experiment, animals were administered with either double‐distilled water or different doses of ascorbic acid before exposure to 0 or 6 Gy whole‐body γ‐radiation to investigate the effect of ascorbic acid on the irradiated wound. A full‐thickness skin wound was created on the dorsum of the irradiated mice and the progression of wound contraction was monitored by capturing video images of the wound at various post‐irradiation periods. Result: Treatment of mice with various doses of ascorbic acid elevated survival of mice and a highest number of survivors (67 and 33% for 10 and 30 days post‐irradiation) was observed for 250 mg kg−1 (p<0.002 and<0.02 for 10‐ and 30‐day survival, respectively). Ascorbic acid treatment caused a dose‐dependent elevation in the wound contraction and highest contraction was observed for 250 mg kg−1. The wound contraction was significantly greater at 3 (p<0.005), 6 (<0.05) and 9 (<0.05) days post‐irradiation with 250 mg kg−1 ascorbic acid. The complete healing of the wound was effected by day 22.8 post‐irradiation in the ascorbic acid‐treated irradiation group. Conclusion: Administration of ascorbic acid protected mice against radiation‐induced sickness, mortality and improved healing of wounds after exposure to whole‐body γ‐radiation. Additional studies will be directed toward analysing the role of successive administration of ascorbic acid to protect non‐target tissues during radiotherapy and in initiating and supporting the cascade of tissue repair processes in radiotherapy delayed wounds.
NCCN CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES IN ONCOLOGY

This selection from the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Colon Cancer focuses on systemic therapy options for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), because important updates have recently been made to this section. These updates include recommendations for first-line use of checkpoint inhibitors for mCRC, that is deficient mismatch repair/ microsatellite instability-high, recommendations related to the use of biosimilars, and expanded recommendations for biomarker testing. The systemic therapy recommendations now include targeted therapy options for patients with mCRC that is HER2-amplified, or BRAF V600E mutation–positive. Treatment and management of nonmetastatic or resectable/ablatable metastatic disease are discussed in the complete version of the NCCN Guidelines for Colon Cancer available at NCCN.org. Additional topics covered in the complete version include risk assessment, staging, pathology, posttreatment surveillance, and survivorship. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2021;19(3):329–359 doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2021. 0012 NCCN CATEGORIES OF EVIDENCE AND CONSENSUS Category 1: Based upon high-level evidence, there is uniform NCCN consensus that the intervention is appropriate. Category2A:Basedupon lower-level evidence, there is uniform NCCN consensus that the intervention is appropriate. Category 2B: Based upon lower-level evidence, there is NCCN consensus that the intervention is appropriate. Category 3: Based upon any level of evidence, there is major NCCN disagreement that the intervention is appropriate. All recommendations are category 2A unless otherwise noted. Clinical trials: NCCN believes that the best management of any patient with cancer is in a clinical trial. Participation in clinical trials is especially encouraged.
Lipoid proteinosis (Urbach-Wiethe disease): A rare entity and review of the literature

Lipoid proteinozis (LP) nadir görülen bir hastalıktır. Cilt, oral mukoza, farenks, larenks ve tüm iç organları etkileyebilir. Bu çalışmada ağız içerisinde dudak hareketini kısıtlayan beyaz renkli şişlik ve ses kısıklığı yakınması ile başvuran 32 yaşında bir kadın hasta sunuldu. Fizik muayenede özellikle el, dirsek ve dudaklar çevresinde papül benzeri döküntü ve göz muayenesinde iki taraf lı blefaroz gözlendi. Videolarengostroboskopide, vokal kordlarda kalınlaşma ve tüm supraglottik bölgeyi ve oral mukozayı tutan sarı papül oluşumları dikkat çekti. Larenks ve sublingual bölgelerden alınan punch biyopsi örneklerinde, epitel ve subepitelyal yerleşimli hiperkeratoz paternli çok katmanlı amorf hiyalin materyal birikimi gözlendi. Histokimyasal incelemede, bazal membranda periyodik asit-Schiff ile pozitif ve Kongo kırmızısı ile negatif boyanma elde edildi. Tipik vokal kord tutulumu ve histopatolojik, genetik ve klinik bulgulara göre LP tanısı kondu.