Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human glial progenitor cells effectively remyelinate the demyelinated adult brain

Human glial progenitor cells (hGPCs) can completely myelinate the brains of congenitally hypomyelinated shiverer mice, rescuing the phenotype and extending or normalizing the lifespan of these mice. We asked if implanted hGPCs might be similarly able to broadly disperse and remyelinate the diffusely and/or multicentrically-demyelinated adult CNS. In particular, we asked if fetal hGPCs could effectively remyelinate both congenitally hypomyelinated adult axons, and axons acutely demyelinated in adulthood, using adult shiverer mice and cuprizone-demyelinated mice, respectively. We found that hGPCs broadly infiltrate the adult CNS after callosal injection, and robustly myelinate congenitally-unmyelinated axons in adult shiverer. Moreover, implanted hGPCs similarly remyelinated denuded axons after cuprizone demyelination, whether they were delivered prior to or after initial cuprizone demyelination. Extraction and FACS of hGPCs from cuprizone-demyelinated brains in which they had been resident, followed by RNA-seq of the isolated human hGPCs, revealed their activation of transcriptional programs indicating their initiation of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. These data indicate the ability of transplanted hGPCs to disperse throughout the adult CNS, to myelinate dysmyelinated regions encountered during their parenchymal colonization, and to also be recruited as myelinating oligodendrocytes at later points in life, upon demyelination-associated demand.
Meat quality characteristics of the Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius) at different ages and post-mortem ageing periods

Objective Meat quality characteristics and sensory attributes were evaluated in three age groups (12, 18, and 24 mo) of one-humped camels of the Saudi Arabian Najdi breed. Methods Thirty-six male camels (12 for each age group) were used. The Longissimus dorsi muscle from each carcass was divided into three parts and subjected to three ageing periods (1, 5, or 10 d) and evaluated for shear force, myofibril fragmentation index (MFI), expressed juice, cooking loss, and sensory attributes. Results Age had a significant effect on shear force, MFI, expressed juice quantity, and organoleptic properties. Camels slaughtered at 12 mo exhibited lower shear force and MFI, and higher expressed juice quantity, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptability than those slaughtered at 24 mo. Ageing had a significant influence on shear force, MFI, expressed juice quantity, but not on cooking loss. Camel meat aged for 10 d exhibited significantly lower shear force values and expressed juice quantity, and significantly higher MFI compared to that aged for 1 d. However, ageing did not significantly affect sensory attributes, except for tenderness, in camels slaughtered at 18 mo. Conclusion Both instrumental and sensory evaluations showed that young camel meat has desirable quality characteristics, with superior tenderness and juiciness.
A Study on High Sensitivity Crp as a Short Term Prognostic Factor in Acute Ischemic Stroke

INTRODUCTION: Stroke by definition is a syndrome of rapidly devel oping clinical signs of focal disturbance of cerebral function with symptoms last ing 24 hours or longer or leading to death with no apparent cause other than vascular origin. Recent research has shown that an inflammatory reaction is triggered within the hour in the brain tissue injur ed by an ischemic stroke and continues in the days following the appearance of symptoms and that this reaction contributes to neuronal damage. Increased CRP levels are accepted as a sensitive but non-spec ific marker of the acute inflammatory conditions. Aim of the study : To study the hs CRP level in acute ischemic strok e and its association with short term prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Totally 52 patients admitted within 48 hours of o nset of first ischemic stroke were included in the study. The det ailed history regarding the risk factors like diabe tes, coronary artery disease, hypertension, hyperlipidae mia, smoking, and alcohol use were elicited from th e patient. Standard approved protocol was used for al l patients to measure the hs-CRP level. Analysis wa s done by Nephelometric method utilizing latex partic les coated with CRP monoclonal antibodies. CONCLUSION : The hs -CRP level is increased in all patients af ter acute ischemic stroke.The hs- CRP level strongly correlates with short term outcome i n patients after first ever ischemic stroke.
Facebook and Relationship Management among Students of Anambra State University, Uli, Nigeria

The study investigates facebook and relationship ma nagement among undergraduate students of Anambra State University, Uli, Nigeria. It adopt ed survey research method and used 300 students as the sample size. Anchored on the intera ctional view and technological determinism theories of the media, the study adopte d purposive sampling technique and used questionnaire as instrument for data collection. Fi ndings show that Anambra State University students are exposed to facebook. The findings furt her show that the students make friends on facebook and that they rediscover old friends throu gh facebook. The paper therefore concludes that facebook is an important medium that can be used for relationship management among students of tertiary institutions. Based on the findings and conclusion, the paper, among others, recommends that government should make computer literacy mandatory for all students of tertiary institutions in Nigeri a and that seminars and workshops should be organised for students, in order to enlighten them more on how to make positive use of the facebook to improve their studies and careers.
The provision of health education regarding HIV/AIDS prevention among boys who undergo male circumcision at hospitals in the Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Male circumcision has been practised traditionally as one of the initiation rites that prepare boys for manhood. The Primary focus for this initiation rite was sexuality education. However, concern exists regarding the safety and hygiene of traditional male circumcision. This concern has resulted in boys seeking medical assistance in large numbers at hospitals for medical male circumcision. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended male circumcision as an HIV/AIDS prevention strategy. This study aimed to determine the extent of health education pertaining to HIV/AIDS prevention provided to boys undergoing male circumcision in a hospital setting. A descriptive quantitative survey was used. The study applied convenience sampling for selecting 50 males, aged between 12 and 21 years from the Vhavenda ethnic group, who were undergoing male circumcision in hospitals A, B, and C in the Vhembe district. Data were collected through a self-designed standardised questionnaire administered through face-to-face interviews. The results of the study showed that the participants had a basic knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention and that provision of health education in hospitals was limited, as healthcare practitioners concentrated on the procedure namely male circumcision only. Re-orientation and sensitisation of healthcare providers on the importance of health education for providing more in-depth knowledge about HIV/AIDS and the role of male circumcision in HIV/AIDS prevention were also recommended.
Disability and Work

This paper focuses on the relation between the onset of disability and employment outcomes. We develop an event history model that includes unscheduled hospitalizations as a measure for unanticipated health shocks and estimate the model on data from the British National Child Development Study (NCDS). We show that such health shocks increase the likelihood of an onset of a disability by around 138%. However, health shocks are relatively rare events and therefore the larger part of observed disability rates result from gradual deteriorations in health. We find no direct effect of health shocks on employment outcomes. Using the health shock as an instrumental variable shows that the onset of a disability at age 25 causally reduces the employment rate at age 40 with around 21 percentage points. Our results show that early childhood conditions are important in explaining adult health and socioeconomic outcomes. Those who have experienced bad conditions during early childhood have higher rates of health deterioration during adulthood, are more likely to become non-employed and suffer from longer spells of non-employment during the course of life.
Dominant Vibrio cholerae phage exhibits lysis inhibition sensitive to disruption by a defensive phage satellite

Bacteriophages and their bacterial hosts are locked in a dynamic evolutionary arms race. Phage satellites, selfish genomic islands which exploit both host bacterium and target phage, further complicate the evolutionary fray. One such tripartite system involves the etiological agent of the diarrheal disease cholera – Vibrio cholerae, the predominant phage isolated from cholera patients – ICP1, and a phage satellite – PLE. When ICP1 infects V. cholerae harboring the integrated PLE genome, PLE accelerates host lysis, spreading the PLE while completely blocking phage production protecting V. cholerae at the population level. Here we identify a single PLE gene, lidI, sufficient to mediate accelerated lysis during ICP1 infection and demonstrate that LidI functions through disrupting lysis inhibition – an understudied outcome of phage infection when phages vastly outnumber their hosts. This work identifies ICP1-encoded holin and antiholin genes teaA and arrA respectively, that mediate this first example of lysis inhibition outside the T-even coliphages. Through lysis inhibition disruption, LidI is sufficient to limit the number of progeny phage produced from an infection. Consequently, this disruption bottlenecks ICP1 evolution as probed by recombination and CRISPR-Cas targeting assays. These studies link novel characterization of the classic phenomenon of lysis inhibition with a conserved protein in a dominant phage satellite, highlighting the importance of lysis timing during infection and parasitization, as well as providing insight into the populations, relationships, and evolution of bacteria, phages, and phage satellites in nature. Importance With increasing awareness of microbiota impacting human health comes intensified examination of, not only bacteria and the bacteriophages that prey upon them, but also the mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that mediate interactions between them. Research is unveiling evolutionary strategies dependent on sensing the milieu: quorum sensing impacts phage infection, phage teamwork overcomes bacterial defenses, and abortive infections sacrifice single cells protecting populations. Yet, the first discovered environmental sensing by phages, known as lysis inhibition (LIN), has only been studied in the limited context of T-even coliphages. Here we characterize LIN in the etiological agent of the diarrheal disease cholera, Vibrio cholerae, infected by a phage ubiquitous in clinical samples. Further, we show that a specific MGE, the phage satellite PLE, collapses LIN with a conserved protein during its anti-phage program. The insights gleaned from this work add to our expanding understanding of microbial fitness in natural contexts beyond the canonical bacterial genome and into the realm of antagonistic evolution driven by phages and satellites.
The phase separation-dependent FUS interactome reveals nuclear and cytoplasmic function of liquid–liquid phase separation

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of proteins and RNAs has emerged as the driving force underlying the formation of membrane-less organelles. Such biomolecular condensates have various biological functions and have been linked to disease. One of the best studied proteins undergoing LLPS is Fused in Sarcoma (FUS), a predominantly nuclear RNA-binding protein. Mutations in FUS have been causally linked to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), an adult-onset motor neuron disease, and LLPS followed by aggregation of cytoplasmic FUS has been proposed to be a crucial disease mechanism. In spite of this, it is currently unclear how LLPS impacts the behaviour of FUS in cells, e.g. its interactome. In order to study the consequences of LLPS on FUS and its interaction partners, we developed a method that allows for the purification of phase separated FUS-containing droplets from cell lysates. We observe substantial alterations in the interactome of FUS, depending on its biophysical state. While non-phase separated FUS interacts mainly with its well-known interaction partners involved in pre-mRNA processing, phase-separated FUS predominantly binds to proteins involved in chromatin remodelling and DNA damage repair. Interestingly, factors with function in mitochondria are strongly enriched with phase-separated FUS, providing a potential explanation for early changes in mitochondrial gene expression observed in mouse models of ALS-FUS. In summary, we present a methodology that allows to investigate the interactome of phase-separating proteins and provide evidence that LLPS strongly shapes the FUS interactome with important implications for function and disease.
Effects of different hormone applications on phenological and pomological properties in some Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) species

The purpose of this study conducted in a raspberry garden in Karaagac central village of Usak province in 2017 and 2018 was to analyze the effects of phenological and pomological properties of different hormone applications on Heritage and Tulameen raspberry species in the ecology of Usak province . Our experiment was established as 3 replications with 10 plants in each replication. Hormones were applied as Giberallic acid (GA), Melatonin (Mel) and GA+Mel with 2 different doses (5 ppm and 10 ppm) and 2.5 ppm melatonin and 2.5 ppm GA mixture for GA+Mel 5 ppm and 5 ppm melatonin and 5 ppm GA mixture for GA+Mel 10 ppm twice before blooming and fruit set. When we analyze both species, we can see that blooming happens between 17 th May and 18 th June and the harvest is between 21 st June and 12 th September. In pomological measures, it was found that in both species fruit length was between 8.89 and 13.13 mm, fruit width was 9.76 and 13.68 mm and fruit weight was between 0.64 and 1.29 g. While pH is between 3.62 and 4.80 and SSC is between 9.27% and 13.82%, TEA is between 21.62% and 30.56%. While Total Phenolic content (ppm/GAE) is between 3.91 and 5.33, Total Flavonoid content (ppm/QE) is between 0.75 and 1.42 and Antioxidant activity (IC50) is between 43.66 and 175.66, vitamin C (ppm) is between 1009 and 2308.50 values. According to the results we obtained in our study, Mel 10 ppm application in Tulameen cultivar in terms of pomological measurements and Heritage varieties in terms of chemical results and hormone applications in 5 ppm dose can be suggested in general terms.
Microtubule tyrosination/detyrosination specifies a mitotic error code

Incorrect kinetochore-microtubule attachments during mitosis can lead to chromosomal instability, a hallmark of human cancers. Mitotic error correction relies on the kinesin-13 MCAK, a microtubule depolymerase whose activity in vitro is suppressed by α-tubulin detyrosination - a post-translational modification enriched on long-lived microtubules. However, whether and how MCAK activity required for mitotic error correction is regulated by microtubule tyrosination/detyrosination remains unknown. Here we found that microtubule detyrosination accumulates on correct, more stable, kinetochore-microtubule attachments, whereas constitutively high microtubule detyrosination near kinetochores compromised efficient error correction. Rescue experiments suggest that mitotic errors due to excessive microtubule detyrosination result from suppression of MCAK activity, without globally affecting kinetochore microtubule half-life. Importantly, MCAK centromeric activity was required and sufficient to rescue mitotic errors due to excessive microtubule detyrosination. Thus, microtubules are not just passive elements during mitotic error correction, and their tyrosination/detyrosination works as a ‘mitotic error code’ that allows centromeric MCAK to discriminate correct and incorrect kinetochore-microtubule attachments, thereby promoting mitotic fidelity.
Bovine Mastitis: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Bacterial Isolation in Small-Holder Dairy Farms in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was conducted on lactating dairy cows to determine the prevalence, risk factors and bacterial causative agents in smallholder dairy farms from October, 2008 to March, 2009. The result of this study revealed that the overall prevalence of mastitis was found to be 52.27% (15.41% clinical and 36.86% sub-clinical cases). Among the total (1324) quarters examined, 61 (4.61%) had blind teats. The prevalence of mastitis showed statistically significant difference between, number of parity, stage of lactation, body condition of animals, farm hygiene and udder washing (P 0.05). From CMT positive (146) samples sent to a laboratory for microbiological examination, 71 bacterial isolates were identified. The majority of isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) (21.13%) followed by Streptococcus agalactiae (S.agalactiae) (18.31%) and Coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) (11.27%) and the lowest isolation rate was for Micrococcus species (2.82%). The Other species which isolated include Actinomyces pyogenes(A.pyogenes), Klebsiella species and Streptococcus uberis(S.uberis) (4.23% each), Streptococcus dysgalaciae(S. dysgalaciae) (5.63%), Corynebacterium bovis(C.bovis) and Escherichia coli(E.coli) (7.04% each), Streptococcus pyogens(S.pyogens) (8.45%) and Bacillus species (5.63%). This study demonstrated that both clinical and sub clinical mastitis is common in smallholder dairying in Addis Ababa city and that some of the risk and protective factors for mastitis can be addressed by practical management of dairy cows.
Effect of Biofield Treatment on Growth and Physiology of Hydroponically-Grown Lettuce and Bok Choy Plants

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of biofield treatments on the growth and physiology of lettuce and bok choy plants. Energy art pieces and water treated by energy art were used as biofield treatments. Overall, both the lettuce and bok choy plants exposed to a combination of energy art and energy art-treated water were significantly larger in terms of leaf and root growth than those in the other treatments. Clear improvements in the vegetative growth of these plants were found, as seen in the significantly higher number of leaves, leaf dry mass, and leaf area. Furthermore, the highest chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were detected in lettuces and bok choy cultivated in the energy art and energy art-treated water treatments, respectively, which were significantly higher than those grown in the control. Moreover, the photosynthetic efficiency of the lettuce and bok choy plants exposed to the energy treatments were improved significantly. The results of this study demonstrated significant effects of biofield in the form of energy art and energy art-treated water on hydroponically-grown lettuce and bok choy plants. Biofield treatments such as energy art can be used as an alternative approach to improve plant growth and yield.
Dietary intake, physical activity, and eating behaviour in obese patients with high cardiovascular risk : Assessments and implications for treatment

Background: We assessed physical activity (PA) pattern and examined the association between cardiovascular risk factors and PA in treatment seeking obese subjects. Methods: Sixty-eight women and 62 men aged 24-64 years who were obese and had a high metabolic risk profile were referred for treatment. They recorded PA continuously with a position and movement recorder (ActiReg®) for a mean of 4 days. Time spent on PA categorized as physical activity ratios (PAR) were calculated. Blood tests were obtained for fasting lipids. Results: The subjects spent a mean±s.d. of 1065±107 min lying, standing and sitting (PAR 1.0-1.5), 348±100 min strolling and walking (PAR 1.6-6.0), and 26±17 min brisk walking and jogging (PAR >6.0) daily. The time spent on brisk walking and jogging was inversely associated with total cholesterol (Radj=0.056 [95%CI 0.013, 0.186], P=0.0161) and triglycerides (Radj=0.080 [95%CI 0.027, 0.208], P=0.0039) after adjustment for age and sex. Conclusion: Obese subjects with metabolic risk factors engaged in activities corresponding to brisk walking and jogging for a mean of 26 min per day, before weight loss was attempted. This level of PA was inversely associated with lipid concentrations. Thus higher levels of activity than 30 min daily may be needed to facilitate weight loss.
Growth and yield response of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) to waterlogging at different vegetative stages

ABSTRACT This study identified timing (1st, 3rd, or 5th leaf stage) and duration (1, 3, 6, or 10 days) of waterlogging treatment during the vegetative stage that had the most severe effect on yield and elucidated yield determining process. Yield was reduced the most by the waterlogging treatments at the 3rd leaf stage. Among stages, yield was significantly depressed, when the treatment duration was longer than 6 days. Seed weight of the 1st branches declined more under waterlogging treatments than did that of main stem and 2nd branches, accounting for approximately 55% of total seed weight in all treatments. On the other hand, the decline in node and branch numbers was more pronounced for 2nd branches than 1st branches at the ripening stage. The development of the 2nd branches during ripening did not contribute much to increase sink capacity. Development of the main stem and the 1st branches was almost complete until the full flowering stage and shoot dry weight did not increase from the full flowering stage to the ripening stage. Shoot dry weight at the full flowering stage was determined by both leaf number and net assimilation rate (NAR). Flower cluster number at that stage was significantly correlated with total seed weight. These results showed that the critical timing was at the 3rd leaf stage and the critical duration was longer than 6 days and indicated that maintenance of leaf number and NAR and development of flowers on the 1st branches until the full flowering stage would ensure the yield. Abbreviations: NAR - net assimilation rate, SLA - specific leaf area, gs - stomatal conductance. Graphical Abstract