Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of slag silicate fertilizer on dissolved silicon in soil solution based on the chemical properties of Gleysols

Increasing the silicon (Si) supply in soil solution enhances Si uptake by rice plants (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, we evaluated soil factors associated with the effects of slag silicate fertilizer (SSF) application on Si supply in soil solution. Nine Gleysols with a wide range of chemical properties were incubated with (+Fertilizer) or without (−Fertilizer) SSF for 71 days under submerged conditions, and the amount of dissolved Si, pH, and calcium (Ca) concentration in the soil solutions were determined. The amount of dissolved Si derived from SSF application (Sidff) was estimated using the subtraction method, and a correlation analysis was performed between the Sidff and chemical properties of air-dried soil or the soil solution obtained from the incubation experiment. The percentage of dissolved Sidff from 0.5 N hydrochloric acid (HCl)-soluble Si in the SSF varied from 15 to 67% among different soils, suggesting that the effect of SSF on Si supply in the soil solution varied among Gleysols. Dissolved Sidff was negatively correlated with the mean soil solution pH (P < 0.001) and Ca concentration (P < 0.05) for +Fertilizer samples during the incubation experiment, soil pH after incubation under submerged conditions (P < 0.001), soil Si adsorption capacity (P < 0.001), acid oxalate extractable iron (P < 0.001) and acid oxalate extractable manganese (P < 0.005), and indicators of soil Si availability (P < 0.05). These results suggested that the effects of SSF on Si supply in solution were affected by Si dissolution from the applied SSF and the Si adsorption capacity of the soil.
Growth and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties as influenced by application of plant growth regulators

A field experiment entitled “Growth and yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties as influenced by application of Plant growth regulators” was conducted during the rabi season of 2017-18 at research farm of Wheat & Barley Section, Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment comprised of two varieties (BH 946 & DWRUB 52) in main plot and application of PGRs alone or in combination viz. T1: Folicur (0.1%) at GS50, T2: Folicur (0.1%) at GS80, T3: Cycocel @ 1.25 l ha-1 at GS31, T4: Ethephon @ 0.5 l ha-1 at GS40 and T5: Cycocel @ 1.25 l ha-1 at GS31+ Ethephon @ 0.5 l ha-1 at GS40 in sub plot under Factorial RBD design with three replications. Variety BH-946 exhibited significantly better growth parameters viz., plant height, dry matter accumulation metre-1 row length and leaf area index (LAI) in comparison with DWRUB 52. Whereas, the grain yield and harvest index of 51.3 q ha-1and 39.2%, respectively were recorded maximum in DWRUB 52. Application of Cycocel and Ethephon, alone or in combination significantly reduced plant height and increased dry matter accumulation metre-1 row length, leaf area index (LAI) and total tillers metre-1 row length. The highest grain yield (52.5 q ha-1) and harvest index (37.7 %) were recorded under Cycocel + Ethephon.
The Entropy of Solution of Molecules of Different Size

The entropy of mixing two liquids whose molecules differ in size is expressed in terms which avoid the assumption of a lattice as an artificial frame of reference, and which is not limited to linear polymers. The equation obtained is ΔSR=N1lnV−N1b1−N2b2N1(v1−b1)+N2lnV−N1b1−N2b2N2(v2−b2), where N1 and N2 denote number of moles, V the volume of the solution, v1 and v2 the molal volumes of the pure components and b1 and b2 the sum of the actual geometrical volumes of 6×1023 molecules. With certain simplifying assumptions, equivalent to those used by authors who have analyzed the problem for linear polymers in a lattice frame of reference, the above equation reduces to the form obtained by the latter method. Various methods of obtaining experimental values for b are outlined.
Relaxational contributions to protein compressibility from ultrasonic data

The ultrasonic absorption spectra of proteins in solution generally show relaxational behaviour. There will be a corresponding dispersion of sound velocities accompanying each relaxation. The compressibility of the protein as measured by sound velocity techniques will therefore include a relaxational contribution. We have evaluated this contribution for a number of proteins and found that in some cases the relaxational contribution is a significant fraction of the total compressibility. The relaxational contribution will be large only if the molecule has a large number of degrees of freedom with low force constants. However, such motions are likely to be those involved in the biological functioning of the molecule. Care is needed in interpreting the relaxation spectrum since proton transfer processes give large apparent relaxational compressibilities.
Si dangling-bond-type defects at the interface of (100)Si with ultrathin HfO2

Electron spin resonance analysis of (100)Si/HfO2 interfaces prepared by chemical vapor deposition of the oxide using three chemically different precursors reveals that the trivalent Si defects common for Si/SiO2 interfaces—Pb0 and Pb1 centers—are universally observed upon hydrogen detachment. The density of the Pb0 is higher than in the (100)Si/SiO2 structures and is sensitive to the deposition process. However, the density can be significantly reduced by annealing of the Si/HfO2 structures in O-containing ambient, likely through re-establishing the Si/SiO2 interface. Also, the Pb-type centers can be entirely passivated by hydrogen already at 400 °C. The density of fast interface states closely follows the variations in the Pb0 center density, suggesting it as the dominant contribution to the fast interface states.
Domain antibody downstream process optimization: High‐throughput strategy and analytical methods

Application of scale‐down high‐throughput screening has become integral for process development of antibody therapeutic products. In this work, methods are described for using high‐throughput techniques to develop a multicolumn chromatography purification protocol for a small domain antibody with very limited material (<200 mg). Screenings utilized resin slurry plates to explore and narrow potential operating space, and miniature columns were used to either confirm operating spaces or further explore impurity separations. Lab scale column confirmations were performed when appropriate. Affinity capture chromatography as well as ion exchange and multimodal polishing chromatography steps were explored. Feedstreams were pooled and recycled to preserve material for the different chromatography steps. Precise high‐throughput analytical assays were developed to fully characterize the domain antibody to a similar extent as a typical commercial therapeutic protein program. Optimized two‐column and three‐column processes provided overall chromatography yields of 66 and 58%, respectively, and were able to meet typical early phase requirements for removal of impurities such as aggregates, host cell protein, endotoxin, and other product‐related impurities. This study provides a comprehensive example of how a thorough biologics downstream process can be developed with a minimum of material.
EFFECT OF CHLORELLA VULGARIS ALGAE SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF SUCKLING FRIESIAN CALVES

Twenty newly born male and female Friesian calves with an average live body weight (LBW) of 30.40±0.36 kg were divided into five similar groups (2 male + 2 female in each group) and continued in a feeding trial until weaning to study the effect of supplementing the algae on suckling calves growth performance. Diet of cows and their suckling calves in G1 did not supplemented with algae and served as a control diet. Whereas, cows and their suckling calves were supplemented with algae and their media at levels of 2 ml (G2) and 4 ml (G3) / kg LBW, as low and high levels, respectively. While, cows in G4 and G5 were unsupplemented with algae, but their suckling calves were supplemented with Chlorella vulgaris algae and their media at the same above levels. Results showed that groups supplemented with high level of algae (G3 and G5) were recorded significantly (P<0.05) the highest digestibility of all nutrients and feeding values followed by groups supplemented with low level of algae (G2 and G4), while control group (G1) had the lowest values. The DMI were the same for different groups, while the intake of TDN and DCP were significantly (P<0.05) higher for G3 and G5 compared to those of control one (G1), but the low levels of algae rations (G2 and G4) were insignificant higher than those of control ration as well. Mostly, blood serum measurements (total protein, globulin and albumin) in addition of creatinine and liver enzymes activity (AST and ALT) were markedly improved versus to those of control group (G1). Moreover, the concentrations of immunoglobulin fractions (IgA, IgM and IgG) were increased significantly (P<0.05) with chlorella supplementation and increased with increasing the level of chlorella supplement. Weaning weight and average daily gain of suckling calves increased significantly (P<0.05) with chlorella algae supplementation as well as with increasing supplementation level. Chlorella supplementation improved significantly (P<0.05) feed conversion, being decreased the amounts of DM, TDN and DCP required per one kg live weight gain. Also, chlorella supplementation improved economic efficiency, which decreased feed cost per one kg live weight gain and increased the total and net revenue of live weight gain and economic efficiency.
Microbiota in Gut, Oral Cavity, and Mitral Valves Are Associated With Rheumatic Heart Disease

Rheumatic heart disease refers to the long-term damage of heart valves and results from an autoimmune response to group A Streptococcus infection. This study aimed to analyze the microbiota composition of patients with rheumatic heart disease and explore potential function of microbiota in this disease. First, we revealed significant alterations of microbiota in feces, subgingival plaques, and saliva of the patients compared to control subjects using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Significantly different microbial diversity was observed in all three types of samples between the patients and control subjects. In the gut, the patients possessed higher levels of genera including Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium, and lower levels of genera including Lachnospira, Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium. Coprococcus was identified as a super-generalist in fecal samples of the patients. Significant alterations were also observed in microbiota of subgingival plaques and saliva of the patients compared to control subjects. Second, we analyzed microbiota in mitral valves of the patients and identified microbes that could potentially transmit from the gut or oral cavity to heart valves, including Streptococcus. Third, we further analyzed the data using random forest model and demonstrated that microbiota in the gut, subgingival plaque or saliva could distinguish the patients from control subjects. Finally, we identified gut/oral microbes that significantly correlated with clinical indices of rheumatic heart disease. In conclusion, patients with rheumatic heart disease manifested important alterations in microbiota that might distinguish the patients from control subjects and correlated with severity of this disease.
Evaluation of Current Industry Practices for Maintaining Tomato Dump Tank Water Quality during Packinghouse Operations

Maintenance of adequate sanitizer levels in tomato dump tanks is critical to preventing pathogen survival and transfer, and internalization in the fruit. However, the rapid accumulation of organic matter in dump tanks can cause a significant decline in sanitizer concentration, thus leaving wash solutions vulnerable to becoming a reservoir for pathogens. This study investigated the dynamic changes in wash water quality and sanitizer concentration during routine operations of three medium to large tomato packinghouses in Florida in 2010 and 2011. Overall, water quality declined continuously during packinghouse operations, as exhibited by significant increases in chemical oxygen demand and turbidity. Free chlorine concentration, oxidation reduction potential and pH fluctuated largely as a consequence of periodic addition of sodium hypochlorite and citric acid, and the rapid loss of free chlorine caused by organic matter. Although the packinghouses differed significantly in system configuration, operation and chlorine dosing rates, at least 25 mg/L of free chlorine concentrations were maintained in all of the dump tanks surveyed. Practical Applications Wash water quality and sanitizer strength are important factors influencing food safety of tomatoes washed in packinghouses. Soil, debris and juices from damaged fruits entering dump tanks along with tomatoes can cause water quality and sanitizer strength to decline dramatically, leaving wash solutions vulnerable to the growth of harmful bacteria. Maintenance of adequate sanitizer levels in tomato dump tanks is critical to reducing pathogen survival, transmission and incidence of internalization in the fruit. The researchers surveyed the water quality and sanitizer concentrations during routine operations of three major tomato packinghouses in Florida in 2010 and 2011. The results are useful for the regulatory agency and tomato industry in developing packinghouse handling guidelines to maintain the quality and food safety of tomatoes.
Damage studies of multilayer optics for XUV free electron lasers

We exposed standard Mo/Si multilayer coatings, optimized for 13.5 nm radiation to the intense femtosecond XUV radiation at the FLASH free electron laser facility at intensities below and above the multilayer ablation threshold. The interaction process was studied in-situ with reflectometry and time resolved optical microscopy, and ex-situ with optical microscopy (Nomarski), atomic force microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. From analysis of the size of the observed craters as a function of the pulse energy the threshold for irreversible damage of the multilayer could be determined to be 45 mJ/cm2. The damage occurs on a longer time scale than the XUV pulse and even above the damage threshold XUV reflectance has been observed showing no measurable loss up to a power density of 1013 W/cm2. A first explanation of the physics mechanism leading to damage is given.
Effect of a High-Pressure-Induced Freezing Process on the Stability of Freeze-Dried Nanocapsules

The objective of this study was to develop a freeze-drying process involving high-pressure techniques during freezing in order to optimize the stability of nanocapsules. Nanocapsules prepared by the emulsion-diffusion method were frozen at − 20, − 10, and − 5°C, respectively, and dried under vacuum as a conventional freeze drying (CFd). For the high-pressure freezing process, the nanocapsules suspensions were frozen at − 20, − 10, and − 5°C at 100, 200, and 300 MPa, respectively, and then dried under vacuum conditions (abbreviated as HPFd). The size and morphological analysis of freeze-dried samples were investigated by using Mastersizer®, TEM, and SEM. From these experiments, the mean nanocapsules sizes were entirely aggregated depending on increasing pressure and decreasing freezing temperature in CFd. In HPFd, the nanocapsules frozen at − 10°C were stable depending on the increment of the pressure level. We concluded that the HPFd process was more effective for the stability of nanocapsules compared to the CFd process at freezing temperatures of − 10°C due to high supercooling of the internal phase during the high-pressure freezing process.
Application of the polymerase chain reaction procedure for genetic evaluation in cattle.

The main tool for the improvement of farm animals is genetic selection. The efficiency of selection depends on the accuracy of genetic evaluation. New molecular technologies are now available that can make possible an accurate identification of genotypes and widespread screening of animals in the population for m arker traits related to quantitative characters. Among the new technologies the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure of gene amplification represents a significant advance in the field of molecular biology for the analysis of DNA and RNA (White et a l . . 1989). This tech­ nique will play a prominent role in future application of molecular methods to animal breeding.
Study of transport properties of copper/zinc-oxide-nanorods-based Schottky diode fabricated on textile fabric

In this work, a copper/zinc-oxide (ZnO)-nanorods-based Schottky diode was fabricated on the textile fabric substrate. ZnO nanorods were grown on a silver-coated textile fabric substrate by using the hydrothermal route. Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction techniques were used for the structural study. The electrical characterization of copper/ZnO-nanorods-based Schottky diodes was investigated by using a semiconductor parameter analyzer and an impedance spectrometer. The current density–voltage (J–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements were used to estimate the electrical parameters. The threshold voltage (Vth), ideality factor (η), barrier height (ϕb), reverse saturation current density (Js), carrier concentration (ND) and built-in potential (Vbi) were determined by using experimental data and (simulated) curve fitting. This study describes the possible fabrication of electronic and optoelectronic devices on textile fabric substrate with an acceptable performance.
Differences of Phosphorus in Mehlich 3 Extracts Determined by Colorimetric and Spectroscopic Methods

Abstract Mehlich 3 (M3) is a widely used extractant for evaluating plant available phosphorus (P) in soils and may be quantified using colorimetric or inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopic methods. Analysis by ICP has recently become increasingly popular in soil‐testing labs primarily due to its ability to simultaneously measure multiple elements. Despite the versatility and efficiency of ICP, some laboratories hesitate to use ICP to determine P in M3 extracts because (1) fertilizer recommendations were developed using colorimetric analysis, and (2) differences have been reported between P analyzed colorimetrically and by ICP. This study documented the differences between M3 P measured colorimetrically using a flow injection auto‐analyzer and by ICP (ICP‐P) for approximately 6400 routine soil samples analyzed by the Soil, Water and Forage Analytical Laboratory at Oklahoma State University. Potential factors contributing to the difference in colorimetric P and ICP‐P were also examined using another set of 100 well‐characterized soils. Mean ICP‐P was greater than colorimetric P (p<0.001) for both sets of soils. Highly significant relationships existed between colorimetric P and ICP‐P for the 6400 soils (r2=0.98, p<0.001) and for the 100 soils (r2=0.97, p<0.001). The relative difference between colorimetric P and ICP‐P decreased exponentially with increasing (soil test P measured) colorimetrically. Significant relationships did not exist (p>0.05) between the relative difference in colorimetric and ICP‐P and soil properties, including soil pH, clay content, organic carbon content, or M3 extractable aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), and iron (Fe). Fertilizer recommendations based on colorimetric P predicted by ICP values were highly related (r2=0.81, p<0.001) to fertilizer recommendations based on actual colorimetric P.
High‐Z Nanostructured Ceramics in Radiotherapy: First Evidence of Ta2O5‐Induced Dose Enhancement on Radioresistant Cancer Cells in an MV Photon Field

This article pioneers a study into the use of the tantalum pentoxide nanoceramics as novel candidates for dose enhancement radiotherapy. It is revealed that a significant induced dose enhancement on radioresistant cancer cells expose to tantalum pentoxide nanoparticles and irradiated with 10 MV. In this study, in vitro experiments are performed. The radiobiological endpoint is clonogenic survival. We exposed 9L gliosarcoma cells to the nanoparticles at 50–500 μg mL−1 range and observed concentration‐dependent toxicity. Irradiation of the exposed and unexposed cells with 10 MV X‐ray photons reveals a sensitization enhancement ratio of 1.33. The associated cell survival curves demonstrate a significant change in shape, indicative of increased lethality of the local radiation environment. We postulate that this enhancement is primarily due to secondary electrons produced from photoelectric interaction and pair production, with backscattering on nanoparticle aggregates leading to increased radiobiological effectiveness.
EFFICACY OF BIOFERTILIZERS ON FUSILADE HERBICIDE ACTIVITY, GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF BROAD BEAN (Vicia faba).

Two field experiments were performed at 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 to study the interaction effect between biofertilizers and fusilade herbicide at (1.5 L/fed. as a recommended dose) alone and in combination with additives at (1.0 L/fed.) to enhance narrow weeds control and broad bean productivity. During the two seasons, a positive correlation was found between biofertilizers and broad bean plant height, number of branches, number of nodules, fresh and dry weight, seed germination as well as number and activity of soil microbes. Inoculated broad bean seeds with Rhizobium leguminosarum ordual inoculation with (Rhizobium leguminosarum plus Bacillus megaterium) were encourage the capability of the plants to produce vigorous vegetable growth and increasing yield productivity of broad bean than non bio-fertilized treatment. The inoculation with R. leguminosarum as a single inoculants or dual inoculants with B. megaterium increased microorganism densities and activity which reflected on broad bean growth, yield and tolerability to the stress of fusilade herbicide. During1styear fusilade at micro rate (1.0 L/fed.) with mineral oil achieved the maximum inhibition in Phalaris minor fresh and dry weigh by 62.4 and 61.76 %, respectively comparing with untreated control. While in the 2nd year fusilade at the same micro rate with glue achieved the highest reduction in P. minor fresh and dry weight by 45.6 and 56.3% respectively comparing with the control. The highest reduction in Staria sp. fresh and dry weigh achieved from fusilade at micro rate with mineral oil by 65.31 and 71.18(1styear) and with rape seed oil 54.6 and 56.8% (2ndyear) respectively than its respectable control. There’s no change in seed proteins types and percentage were detected after applying fusilade on broad bean in the presence or absence of biofertilizers. While the dual inoculation proved to be the most effective biofertilizers that increase protein components at the both seasons by (12.8% and 12.04%, respectively). Generally, a positive correlation was found between biofertilizers and fusilade on broad bean yield, so that to maximize broad bean productivity and reducing production costs as well as weed suppression, thus it is recommended for cultivating broad bean with dual inoculation (R. leguminosarum plus B. megaterium) asbiofertilizersand using fusilade at (1.0 L/fed.) with spray tank additives for a narrow weed control which increased productivity of broad bean during the two years ranged from 324.01 to 349.27% (mineral oil) and with 296.06 and 340.32% (glue), respectively, and seed protein than untreated control.
Presowing soaking of wheat seeds in copper and manganese solutions

Abstract Presowing soaking of wheat seeds in CuSO4 and MnSO4 solutions increased the grain yield with increasing concentrations of these solutions. Seed soaking in 0.1% CuSO4 or 0.2% MnSO4 solution for 12 hrs gave the highest grain yield. The Cu and Mn content of the grain increased with increasing concentrations of these solutions. Whereas N and P contents were not significantly affected, but K content increased significantly due to the Cu treatment.