Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computational analysis of microstructure-coercivity relation in multi-main-phase Nd–Ce–Fe–B magnets

Multi-main-phase (MMP) (Nd, Ce)2Fe14B magnets containing both Nd-rich shell covering Ce-rich core and Ce-rich shell covering Nd-rich core within the 2:14:1 grains have shown much superior coercivity to the single-main-phase ones with homogeneous Nd/Ce distributions. To understand how these core–shell grains and the microstructure of grain boundaries (GBs) influence the coercivity of MMP Nd–Ce–Fe–B magnets, micromagnetic simulation was carried out through constructing a 3D finite element model. The influences of physical dimension and magnetism of the GBs, Nd or Ce-rich shell thickness, and Ce substitution level on coercivity were all analyzed. It was found that thick and nonmagnetic GB layers play an essential role in enhancing the coercivity as the intergrain exchange coupling can be weakened. Thicker Nd-rich or Ce-rich 2:14:1 grain shells are not necessary for enhancing the coercivity. In addition, with the increase of Ce content, the coercivity does not deteriorate linearly but exhibits an abnormal enhancement around 20 vol.% substitution. The good agreement with the experiments makes these findings as important insights of understanding the coercivity mechanism of MMP RE–Fe–B magnets.
PERTURBATION DE LA DYNAMIQUE DE L'HETEROCHROMATINE PAR DES LIGANDS SYNTHETIQUES DU PETIT SILLON DE L'ADN

Les sequences satellites III (SATIII) presentes dans les regions pericentriques du chromosome X sont les seules sequences satellites alphoides chez la drosophile, similaires a celles retrouvees autour du centromere chez les mammiferes. Leurs caracteristiques structurales liees a leur composition nucleotidique A•T riche en font des cibles pour differentes classes de molecules artificielles. Nous proposons d'utiliser le modele des SATIII de la drosophile pour ameliorer notre comprehension du code des histones, de la fonction des regions pericentriques ainsi que pour l'evaluation du potentiel pharmacologique des diamidines. Nos travaux a l'aide de ligands du petit sillon nous ont permis de mettre en evidence un role de la topoisomerase II, une cible therapeutique majeure, dans l'assemblage de l'heterochromatine et dans le mode d'action antiproliferatif des diamidines.
Panel on Musculoskeletal Imaging:

Procedure Appropriateness Category Relative Radiation Level Radiography ankle Usually Appropriate ☢ Bone scan ankle Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢ US ankle Usually Not Appropriate O CT ankle without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢ CT ankle with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢ CT ankle without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢ MRI ankle without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O MRI ankle without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O
US–COOL Retaliation: The WTO's Article 22.6 Arbitration

Abstract This paper examines the World Trade Organization's Article 22.6 arbitration report on the dispute over the United States’ country of origin labeling (US–COOL) regulation for meat products. At prior phases of the legal process, a WTO Panel and the Appellate Body had sided with Canada and Mexico by finding that the US regulation had negatively affected their exports of livestock – cattle and hogs – to the US market. The arbitrators authorized Canada and Mexico to retaliate by over $1 billion against US exports – the second largest authorized retaliation on record and only the twelfth WTO dispute to reach the stage of an arbitration report. Our legal–economic analysis focuses on several issues in the arbitration report. First, the complainants requested that, to compute the permissible retaliation limit, the arbitrators consider a new formula that would include the effects of domestic price suppression. We present a simple, economics-based model to explain the arbitrators’ rejection of this proposal. Second, we provide market context for the $1 billion finding. The arbitrators relied on the trade effects’ formula, which sets the retaliation limit as equivalent to the perceived loss of export revenue from the WTO violation. We argue that this amount was implausibly large, given the conditions in the US market for cattle and hogs during this period. We then describe the challenges facing arbitrators as they construct such estimates, including those likely to have arisen in this dispute.
Assessment of quality of life in veterinary practice: developing tools for companion animal carers and veterinarians

Quality-of-life assessments aim to provide an all-encompassing evaluation of animal welfare. In comparison to more limited, disease-focused welfare assessments, they have the potential to better identify welfare deficiencies, allowing veterinarians to target improvement strategies for greater benefit. Individuals or populations of companion animals may be assessed and carers and/or veterinarians may contribute to the assessment. Quality-of-life assessments are widely used within the human health care setting, and although the number of veterinary assessment tools is substantially fewer, these tools cover a range of methodologies. Further research to validate existing tools and develop new ones is recommended. Guidance for implementing and evaluating the usefulness of quality-of-life assessment tools within companion animal veterinary clinics is presented.
Publisher: Asian Economic and Social Society Earnings Management, Board Independence And Audit Fees Considering The Firm's Profitability Level

This study investigates the relation between earnings management, board independence and audit fees considering the firm's profitability level. Two main hypotheses have been designed by theoretical framework, and have been tested on 57 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2003 to 2009. The statistical analysis had been done by multi-variable regression analysis and one-way ANOVA analysis, too. The findings show that there is a meaningful and positive relation between earnings management and audit fees. Also, there is a meaningful and negative relation between board independence and audit fees. The results suggest that the higher the level of profitability, the higher the audit fees.
Publisher: Asian Economic and Social Society Gender Participation in Economic Activities and Decision Making in Keffi Area of Nigeria

The study assessed gender participation and decision making role in economic activities using data collected from 120 respondents. The results revealed that female participation was frequent in crop post-harvest activities and poultry management while male participation was frequent in crop pre-harvest operations only. Female respondents participated occasionally in home gardening, goat rearing, hair dressing and food processing. Educational level, years of experience, personal income and credit obtained significantly influenced the level of gender participation in economic activities. The Males always made decisions on selection of crop variety, spending money, saving money, buying of necessities, and children‟s education, while females always made decision on types of food for home consumption only. Age and income of respondents were the significant factors that influenced the level of gender involvement in decision making. Provision of credit facilities, sensitization on the importance of women involvement in decision making and mobilization of farmers to form co-operative societies are necessary impetus for improving women participation in economic activities and decision making.
X-RAY IMAGING TECHNIQUES TO QUANTIFY SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS IN THE NEAR FIELD

Liquid sprays play a key role in many engineering processes, including, but not limited to, food processing, coating and painting, 3D printing, fire suppression, agricultural production, and combustion systems. Spray characteristics can easily be assessed in the midand far-field regions, well after liquid sheet breakup and droplet formation, using various optical and/or laser diagnostic techniques. The conditions in the near-field region influence midand far-field characteristics; however, near-field measurements are extremely challenging because the spray in this region is typically optically dense where optical and laser diagnostics are generally ineffective. This paper provides an overview of the various X-ray imaging techniques that can be used to characterize the near-field region of a spray. X-rays produced with tube sources as well as synchrotron sources will be discussed. Using tube-source X-rays, 2D radiographic videos are possible showing qualitative spray information. The 2D radiographs can also provide quantitative measurements of the optical depth (OD) in the near-field region. Tube sources can also provide X-ray computed tomography imaging that can produce time-average 3D density (mass distribution) maps of the spray. X-rays from synchrotron radiation provide a high-flux X-ray beam that can be used to provide high spatial and temporal resolution of the spray equivalent path length (EPL) as well as other characteristics, but it is more challenging to implement than using a common tube source. Various examples of these X-ray imaging techniques will be discussed.
Design and Implementation of Efficient and Secure Lightweight Cryptosystems

In recent years there has been a wide-spread deployment of battery-powered and passive devices such as RFID tags, systems with very strong limitations on area, cost and power budgets. Deploying cryptographic solutions for these systems is both important, because it could unlock several security-critical applications, and challenging, due to the stringent budgets: the overheads of even the smallest block ciphers are often one or more orders of magnitude too high. Because of this reason there is a growing interest in lightweight cryptography, a discipline that tries to develop cryptographic solutions for systems with very tight cost, area and power constraints. The importance of lightweight cryptography is forecasted to continue growing in the future, with lightweight systems becoming more ubiquitous and more common in sensitive applications.In this work we analyse and solve several problems related to light weight cryptography. We first study efficient implementations of feedback shift registers (FSR)-based cryptosystems, such as stream ciphers and hash functions, that are especically designed for highly-constrained environments. The core of our solution is to apply a Fibonacci-to-Galois transformation that changes the structure of an FSR to minimise its critical path. Along with this transformation we apply several hardware optimization techniques, such as pipelining and double-frequency clock generators, that are necessary to obtain through-put benefits. Our results show impressive throughput improvements (100% for some cryptographic systems) without any area and power penalties. In a second part, we show how to protect FSR-based stream ciphers from power analysis attacks, a type of attack that exploits the information content in the power trace of a system. It is well known that, due to their very simple hardware structure, FSR-based stream ciphers are very vulnerable to this type of attacks. We introduce two different countermeasures against power analysis attacks: one at the architectural level (masking the switching activity of the FSRs) and the other one at the physical level ( flattening the power curve to one among two power levels). Both solutions exploit the properties of FSR-based stream ciphers with the specic goal to minimise their area and power overheads. We demonstrate them on the FSR-based stream cipher Grain by performing Differential Power Analysis (DPA) and Mutual Information Analysis (MIA) attacks at SPICE level. However, the techniques we introduce are general and can potentially be applied to any FSR-based stream ciphers. In a third part, we focus on Ring Oscillator Physical Unclonable Functions (RO-PUFs), a type of digital fingerprint used for chip identication that is well-suited for lightweight cryptography. We suggest solutions to two well-known problems related to this type of PUF: how to generate a secure and large challenge-response database and how to increase PUF reliability in presence of temperature variations. We validate our solutions at SPICE level by modelling the random variations introduced during manufacturing.
Learning Incoherent Dictionaries for Sparse Approximation Using Iterative Projections and Rotations

This article deals with learning dictionaries for sparse approximation whose atoms are both adapted to a training set of signals and mutually incoherent. To meet this objective, we employ a dictionary learning scheme consisting of sparse approximation followed by dictionary update and we add to the latter a decorrelation step in order to reach a target mutual coherence level. This step is accomplished by an iterative projection method complemented by a rotation of the dictionary. Experiments on musical audio data and a comparison with the method of optimal coherence-constrained directions (MOCOD) and the incoherent K-SVD (INK-SVD) illustrate that the proposed algorithm can learn dictionaries that exhibit a low mutual coherence while providing a sparse approximation with better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than the benchmark techniques.
Sequence analysis GARD : a genetic algorithm for recombination detection

Motivation: Phylogenetic and evolutionary inference can be severely misled if recombination is not accounted for, hence screening for it should be an essential component of nearly every comparative study. The evolution of recombinant sequences can not be properly explained by a single phylogenetic tree, but several phylogenies may be used to correctly model the evolution of non-recombinant fragments. Results:We developed a likelihood-based model selection procedure that uses a genetic algorithm to search multiple sequence alignments for evidence of recombination breakpoints and identify putative recombinant sequences. GARD is an extensible and intuitive method that can be run efficiently in parallel. Extensive simulation studies show that the method nearly always outperforms other available tools, both in terms of power and accuracy and that the use of GARD to screen sequences for recombination ensures good statistical properties for methods aimed at detecting positive selection. Availability: Freely available http://www.datamonkey. org/GARD/ Contact: spond@ucsd.edu
Liquidity Risk and Contagion

This paper explores liquidity risk in a system of interconnected financial institutions when these institutions are subject to regulatory solvency constraints and mark their assets to market. When the market's demand for illiquid assets is less than perfectly elastic, sales by distressed institutions depress the market prices of such assets. Marking to market of the asset book can induce a further round of endogenously generated sales of assets, depressing prices further and inducing further sales. Contagious failures can result from small shocks. We investigate the theoretical basis for contagious failures and quantify them through simulation exercises. Liquidity requirements on institutions can be as effective as capital requirements in forestalling contagious failures.
Predictability of Tropical Cyclone Intensity

of a dissertation at the University of Miami. Dissertation supervised by Professor Shuyi S. Chen. No. of pages in text. (171) The main goal of this work is to quantify the predictability of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity. Motivated by the lack of improvement in TC intensity prediction, a systematic study on the intrinsic predictability of TC intensity is conducted using a set of five highresolution, cloud-resolving realistic model ensembles. The ensembles are generated with a stochastic kinetic-energy backscatter (SKEBS) method. Error growth is addressed by imposing stochastic perturbations with various spatial scales on the TC and its environment. The SKEBS ensembles feature convective-scale, mesoscale and synopticscale perturbations to better understand the growth of scale-dependent errors and their impact on TC uncertainty and predictability. TC intensity predictability is determined by computing the error magnitude associated with each component of the Fourierdecomposed TC wind fields at forecast times up to 7 days. It is found that forecast errors grow rapidly and saturate within 6-12 h on small scales (~ 30 km) in all five ensembles, independent of perturbation scale. Errors grow relatively slower on scales corresponding to rainbands (200-500 km), limiting the predictability of these features to 1-5 days. The predictability limit of rainbands strongly depends on perturbation scale, indicating that error downscaling is more detrimental than the upscale spread of small-scale errors. In long-lived TCs, the storm-scale circulation (i.e., the mean TC vortex and wavenumber-1 asymmetry) is resistant to upscale error propagation and remains predictable for at least 7 days. Uncertainty of the storm-scale circulation is only significant when the mean vortex is perturbed dircectly, demonstrating that TC intensity uncertainty and predictability is mainly affected by large-scale errors. This suggests that the predictability of the stormscale circulation is predominately controlled by the large-scale environment. A novel TC wind speed climatology based on 15 years of aircraft observations is created to investigate the predictability of various TC wind speed metrics using an information theory approach. Consistent with the results from the error growth approach, we show that the storm-scale wind field is predictable for more than 7 days. However, the wind speed at the radius of maximum wind loses its predictability during a period of rapid intensification (RI), which agrees with the extreme uncertainty of the peak wind during RI in the SKEBS ensembles. The predictability of the wind speed at the radius of maximum winds “recovers” during the maximum intensity phase, demonstrating that TC intensity predictability is intimately related to the phase of TC evolution and distinct
Moving together, drifting apart : betterment planning and villagisation in a South African homeland

Focusing on two villages in the Keiskammahoek district of the Ciskei, this book analyzes and compares the very different ways in which they have experienced and endured the same government-initiated resettlement programme. It provides a socio-economic analysis of the consequences of the resettlement that took place when rural people in the "homeland" areas were moved into concentrated villages as part of the South African goverment's Betterment Planning policy. Betterment Planning was officially intended to bring about agricultural development by creating what the planners saw as a more efficient land use policy, but, almost everywhere, it has had negative economic, ecological and social effects. The policy involved villagers having to move from their former scattered, kinship-based residential clusters to larger, centralized settlements in order to promote soil conservation and agricultural development. It was the most widespread form of resettlement in South Africa and involved over three million people. Some commmentators have seen its underlying motives as concerned with the more effective control of the black rural population of South Africa and as facilitating resettlement of black people out of "white" areas. The social and agricultural services which were to have accompanied this relocation have, in most cases, not materialized as planned and it is generally accepted that, with few exceptions, Betterment Planning has been a failure. This work compares its findings to international resettlement and places them in the context of villagization elsewhere in Africa.
2 . PRELIMINARIES 2 . 1 MapReduce and Hadoop MapReduce

We propose new adaptive runtime techniques for MapReduce that improve performance and simplify job tuning. We implement these techniques by breaking a key assumption of MapReduce that mappers run in isolation. Instead, our mappers communicate through a distributed meta-data store and are aware of the global state of the job. However, we still preserve the fault-tolerance, scalability, and programming API of MapReduce. We utilize these “situationaware mappers” to develop a set of techniques that make MapReduce more dynamic: (a) Adaptive Mappers dynamically take multiple data partitions (splits) to amortize mapper start-up costs; (b) Adaptive Combiners improve local aggregation by maintaining a cache of partial aggregates for the frequent keys; (c) Adaptive Sampling and Partitioning sample the mapper outputs and use the obtained statistics to produce balanced partitions for the reducers. Our experimental evaluation shows that adaptive techniques provide up to 3× performance improvement, in some cases, and dramatically improve performance stability across the board.
Corresponding

Managing HRM related tensions is a matter of practical and theoretical significance. Despite increasing interest among HRM scholars in understanding the nature of tensions in managing the employment relationship, attempts to explore these tensions that go beyond the mapping of dualities or naming of the negative aspects of tensions are somewhat rare. Furthermore, discussions on managing HRM tensions tend to be of limited value for practitioners due to their overly abstract nature contributing to what several commentators lament is a growing theory-practice gap in HRM research. This Special Issue aims to advance the discussion on tensions in HRM by drawing on a recent paradox perspective from organization theory. Along with the contributors to the Special Issue, we explore how a paradox perspective can support HRM researchers in a more systematic analysis of types of HRM paradoxes and tensions and in deepening awareness of practical strategies for coping actively and constructively with tensions. In this introduction to the Special Issue, we first provide a synthesis of the features of a paradox perspective and contrast it with previous research on tensions in organization theory and HRM. Next, we illustrate how a paradox perspective can be applied to analyzing HRM tensions presenting key examples of such analysis. We then introduce the contributions to this Special Issue all of which draw, albeit in different ways, on a paradox perspective on HRM. Finally, we explore opportunities for future research. In particular, we focus on the need to move from a duality perspective to a paradox perspective on HRM, on opportunities to explore the links between HRM, paradox and organizational sustainability and on the skills and capabilities needed for coping with HRM paradoxes both at individual and organizational/HRM levels.