Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Undiagnosed Depression among Hypertensive Individuals in Gaza: A Cross-sectional Survey from Palestine

Background The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and to determine the associated factors of undiagnosed depression amongst hypertensive patients (HTNP) at primary health care centers (PHCC) in Gaza. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted including 538 HTNP as a recruitment phase of a clustered randomized controlled trial. Data were collected through face-to-face structured interview, and depression status was assessed by Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Data were analyzed by STATA version 14 using standard complex survey analyses, accounted for unresponsiveness and clustering approach. Generalized linear regression analysis was performed to assess associations. Results The prevalence of undiagnosed clinical depression was 11.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.1, 16.3). Moreover, prevalence of 15.4% (95% CI: 10.8, 21.6) was found for mild depression symptoms. We found that non-adherence to antihypertensive medications (AHTNM) (β = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.17, 1.7), having more health-care system support (β = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.6, 3.9) and number of AHTNM (β = 1.5, 95% CI: 0.6, 2.5) remain significantly positively associated with BDI-II score. On the other hand, older age (β = -0.1, 95% CI: -0.2, -0.02), having better social support (β = -6.8, 95% CI: -8.9, -4.7) and having stronger patient-doctor relationship (β = -4.1, 95% CI: -6.9, -1.2) kept significantly negative association. Conclusion The prevalence of undiagnosed depression was about one-quarter of all cases; half of them were moderate to severe. Routine screening of depression status should be a part of the care of HTNP in PHCC.
Effect of Concept Mapping Education on Critical Thinking Skills of Medical Students: A Quasi-experimental Study

Background Fostering critical thinking (CT) is one of the most important missions in medical education. Concept mapping is a method used to plan and create medical care through a diagrammatic representation of patient problems and medical interventions. Concept mapping as a general method can be used to improve CT skills in medical students. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of concept mapping on CT skills of medical students. Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 100 second-year medical students which take an anatomy course. Participants were randomly assigned into a control group (lecture-based) and an intervention group (concept mapping). CT levels of medical students were assessed using the California Critical Thinking Skills Test. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test. Results Before intervention, CT scores of the intervention and control groups were 6.68 ± 2.55 and 6.64 ±2.74, respectively, and after intervention, they were 11.64 ±2.29 and 10.04 ± 3.11, respectively. Comparison of mean score differences for both groups before and after intervention demonstrated that CT scores in the experimental group significantly increased after intervention (P=0.021). Conclusions Medical students who were taught through concept mapping showed an increase in CT scores, compared with those in the control group. Medical students require effective CT skills in order to make sound knowledge-based assessment and treatment choices during patient care. Therefore, instructors and planners of medical education are expected to apply this educational strategy for developing CT skills in medical students.
Salt Used for the National School Nutrition Program (NSNP) in Rural Schools of Limpopo Province, South Africa, has Adequate Levels of Iodine

Background Salt iodisation is considered the most effective long-term public health intervention for achieving optimal iodine nutrition. Effective salt iodisation is a prerequisite for the sustainable elimination of iodine deficiency disorders. The aim of this study was to determine iodine concentration of salt used for the National School Nutrition Program (NSNP). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 359 food handlers from Vhembe and Mopani districts of Limpopo Province, South Africa. The questionnaire was administered to solicit data on demographic information, general questions on salt fortification, and iodine nutrition knowledge. After the interviews, two tablespoons of salt used for the NSNP food preparation was collected from 318 schools in small zip-lock plastic bags. The salt samples were coded and stored at room temperature and protected from light and moisture until the time of analysis. Salt iodine concentrations were determined at the North-West University (NWU) in Potchefstroom by means of the iCheck test method. Results The median iodine concentration of both Mopani (31.65 ppm) and Vhembe (32.56 ppm) districts signified adequate iodine levels. Of 318 salt samples, 113 (71%) samples in Mopani and 104 (65%) in Vhembe had an iodine concentration of 15–64 ppm. A few (6%) food handlers in Mopani and almost half (45.9%) in Vhembe could correctly identify iodated salt as the main source of iodine. Almost half of the food handlers (%) in Mopani and 36.5% in Vhembe did not know which part of body needs iodine for functioning. Conclusion More than 20 years after the implementation of the USI program, the result of the study shows that the international goal of 90% coverage is still far from being realised.
Multicenter phase II study of apatinib single or combination therapy in HER2-negative breast cancer involving chest wall metastasis

Objective Breast cancer (BC) with chest wall metastasis (CWM) usually shows rich neovascularization. This trial explored the clinical effect of apatinib on human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced BC involving CWM. Methods This trial involved four centers in China and was conducted from September 2016 to March 2020. Patients received apatinib 500 mg/d [either alone or with endocrine therapy if hormone receptor-positive (HR+)] until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Progression-free survival (PFS) was the primary endpoint. Results We evaluated 26 patients for efficacy. The median PFS (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS) were 4.9 [range: 2.0−28.5; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 2.1−8.3] months and 18 (range: 3−55; 95% CI: 12.9−23.1) months, respectively. The objective response rate (ORR) was 42.3% (11/26), and the disease-control rate was 76.9% (20/26). In the subgroup analysis, HR+ patients compared with HR-negative patients had significantly improved mPFS of 7.0 (95% CI: 2.2−11.8) monthsvs. 2.3 (95% CI: 1.2−3.4) months, respectively (P=0.001); and mPFS in patients without or with chest wall radiotherapy was 6.4 (95% CI: 1.6−19.5) monthsvs. 3.0 (95% CI: 1.3−4.6) months, respectively (P=0.041). In the multivariate analysis, HR+ status was the only independent predictive factor for favorable PFS (P=0.014). Conclusions Apatinib was highly effective for BC patients with CWM, especially when combined with endocrine therapy. PFS improved significantly in patients with HR+ status who did not receive chest wall radiotherapy. However, adverse events were serious and should be carefully monitored from the beginning of apatinib treatment.
Serum Cytochrome C and plasma lipids levels as surrogate markers of hepatocellular toxicity in Sudanese visceral leishmaniasis

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality that is characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy and hepato-splenomegaly. Hepatic toxicity greatly contributes to VL morbidity. This study aimed to evaluate liver damage in Sudanese patients with VL as evidenced by apoptosis and lipid metabolism derangement. In a prospective analytical, hospital-based and case-controlled study and following informed consent, eighty patients with parasitologically confirmed visceral leishmaniasis and eighty apparently healthy age and sex unmatched volunteers [comparators] were enrolled in the study. Serum cytochrome C was measured by ELISA while serum lipids were measured using BioSystems A15 Chemistry Auto-analyzer. Cytochrome C concentrations in VL patients were significantly higher compared to apparently healthy volunteers with no significant difference between pre and post-treatment samples. Patients with VL showed marked hypocholestereamia, very low serum levels of LDL and HDL with most patients showing markedly increased triglycerides levels. Deranged lipid metabolism in VL patients could be due to hepatotoxicity or sequestration and/or degradation of lipoproteins in enlarged livers and spleens. In conclusion, hypocholestereamia, low levels of LDL/HDL, high triglycerides levels and increased serum cytochrome C are important features of hepatotoxicity in VL. Increased serum cytochrome C level is probably an important surrogate marker of hepatocytes apoptosis. © 2013 Elixir All rights reserved ARTICLE INF O Articl e h istory: Received: 27 August 2013; Received in revised form: 29 September 2013; Accepted: 10 October 2013;
The Relationship of Quality Characteristics of Fried Red Onions with the Chemical Compositions of Red Onion Bulbs of Palu Valley Variety

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of quality characteristics of fried red onion with the chemical compositions of red onion bulbs of Palu Valley variety. The result shows that the red onions of Palu Valley variety which were harvested from different planting locations significantly affect bulbs chemical compositions. Bulbs productivity, carbohydrate, protein, mineral, calcium, the total solute, and the highest dry weight are found in bulbs harvested from Guntarano planting location. The quality characteristics of fried red onions increase along with the increasing level of bulbs chemical components such as total of soluble solids, calcium, protein, minerals, sulfur and carbohydrates, but decrease with the increasing water and fat content.
Influence of Method Supplementation of Yellow Grease

Control of the ruminal digestion rate of carbohydrates is an important step for the optimization of the energy intake. In this sense, it’s desirable a lower digestion rate for starch and greater digestion rate for fiber (Krebiel, 2014). The first limiting step toward degradation of feed particles within the rumen is exposure of the substrate to the enzymatic process. This forms the basis for the various processing techniques applied to grains and forages (Deckart et al. 2013). For example, steam flaking corn disrupts the seed coat and protein matrix surrounding the starch granules, thereby enhancing ruminal (extent and rate of digestion) and total tract starch digestion (Zinn et al. 2002). However, at high levels of Two experiments were conducted in order to evaluate two methods of yellow grease (YG) supplementation (5% on a dry matter basis in replaced to the steam-flaked corn in control diet) on cattle growth performance, dietary energetic and site and extent of nutrients digestion. Supplemental methods were as follows: 1) YG added directly on grain (YG was first mixed with the steam-flaked corn in the proportion 50 kg YG to 750 kg corn, prior to adding other dietary ingredients), or 2) YG added on ration (added to the mixer as the next to the last step, prior to adding molasses). A group without YG supplementation was included as controls. Growth-performance trial lasted 151 days (72 crossbred cattle, 273±0.8 kg LW). Method of YG supplementation did not affect growth-performance, dietary energetics or carcass characteristics. Addition of 5% YG in diets increased (P≤0.04) feed efficiency (4.7%) and dietary net energy (NE, 5.7%). Based on performance data, the estimated NEm value of YG was 4.38 Mcal/kg. In trial 2, six Holstein steers (313±5.5 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a replicated 3 × 3 latin square design experiment to evaluate treatment effects on digestive function and ruminal fermentation. Yellow grease added directly to the grain decreased (2.6%, P<0.05) postruminal digestion of N without effected the site and extent of digestion of organic matter (OM), starch and fiber. Supplemental YG did not affect ruminal proportion of volatile fatty acids nor ruminal pH, but decreased (P≤0.04) ruminal digestion of OM (10.4%) and acid detergent fiber (ADF, 36.7%). Supplemental YG tended (P=0.06) to decreased total tract digestion of OM (1.8%) and ADF (13.9%). It is concluded that there are no positive associative effects of adding YG directly to steam-flaked corn on growth-performance or digestive function.
Enhanced Rhodamine B Dye Adsorption by Groundnut Shell Activated Carbon Coated With Fe 3 O 4 Saifullahi

In this present study, adsorption capacity of groundnut shell activated carbon coated with Fe3O4 as a low cost adsorbent for removal of cationic dye, Rhodamine B (RDB) from aqueous solution was explored. The surface morphology and functional groups present were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The effect of various parameters such as contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage and concentration of adsorbate were studied at ambient temperature. Equilibrium data were analysed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. Kinetic data were studied using Pseudo-first and Pseudo-second order kinetic models and the mechanism of adsorption was described by intraparticle diffusion model. © 2015 Elixir All rights reserved. ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received: 11 July 2015; Received in revised form: 20 August 2015; Accepted: 8 September 2015;
LONG-RANGE DEPENDENCE THROUGH GAMMA-MIXED ORNSTEIN – UHLENBECK PROCESS

Abstract The limit process of aggregational models—(i) sum of random coefficient AR(1) processes with independent Brownian motion (BM) inputs and (ii) sum of AR(1) processes with random coefficients of Gamma distribution and with input of common BM’s,—proves to be Gaussian and stationary and its transfer function is the mixture of transfer functions of Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) processes by Gamma distribution. It is called Gamma-mixed Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process (ΓMOU). For independent Poisson alternating 0–1 reward processes with proper random intensity it is shown that the standardized sum of the processes converges to the standardized ΓMOU process. The ΓMOU process has various interesting properties and it is a new candidate for the successful modelling of several Gaussian stationary data with long-range dependence. Possible applications and problems are also considered
The impact of phase entrainment on auditory detection is highly variable: Revisiting a key finding

Ample evidence shows that the human brain carefully tracks acoustic temporal regularities in the input, perhaps by entraining cortical neural oscillations to the rate of the stimulation. To what extent the entrained oscillatory activity influences processing of upcoming auditory events remains debated. Here, we revisit a critical finding from Hickok et al. (2015) that demonstrated a clear impact of auditory entrainment on subsequent auditory detection. Participants were asked to detect tones embedded in stationary noise, following a noise that was amplitude modulated at 3 Hz. Tonal targets occurred at various phases relative to the preceding noise modulation. The original study (N = 5) showed that the detectability of the tones (presented at near‐threshold intensity) fluctuated cyclically at the same rate as the preceding noise modulation. We conducted an exact replication of the original paradigm (N = 23) and a conceptual replication using a shorter experimental procedure (N = 24). Neither experiment revealed significant entrainment effects at the group level. A restricted analysis on the subset of participants (36%) who did show the entrainment effect revealed no consistent phase alignment between detection facilitation and the preceding rhythmic modulation. Interestingly, both experiments showed group‐wide presence of a non‐cyclic behavioural pattern, wherein participants' detection of the tonal targets was lower at early and late time points of the target period. The two experiments highlight both the sensitivity of the task to elicit oscillatory entrainment and the striking individual variability in performance.
Susceptibility of Well-Differentiated Airway Epithelial Cell Cultures from Domestic and Wild Animals to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally, and the number of worldwide cases continues to rise. The zoonotic origins of SARS-CoV-2 and its intermediate and potential spillback host reservoirs, besides humans, remain largely unknown. Because of ethical and experimental constraints and more important, to reduce and refine animal experimentation, we used our repository of well-differentiated airway epithelial cell (AEC) cultures from various domesticated and wildlife animal species to assess their susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. We observed that SARS-CoV-2 replicated efficiently only in monkey and cat AEC culture models. Whole-genome sequencing of progeny viruses revealed no obvious signs of nucleotide transitions required for SARS-CoV-2 to productively infect monkey and cat AEC cultures. Our findings, together with previous reports of human-to-animal spillover events, warrant close surveillance to determine the potential role of cats, monkeys, and closely related species as spillback reservoirs for SARS-CoV-2.
Evaluation of improved coloured targets to control riverine tsetse in East Africa: A Bayesian approach

Background Riverine tsetse (Glossina spp.) transmit Trypanosoma brucei gambiense which causes Gambian Human African Trypanosomiasis. Tiny Targets were developed for cost-effective riverine tsetse control, and comprise panels of insecticide-treated blue polyester fabric and black net that attract and kill tsetse. Versus typical blue polyesters, two putatively more attractive fabrics have been developed: Vestergaard ZeroFly blue, and violet. Violet was most attractive to savannah tsetse using large targets, but neither fabric has been tested for riverine tsetse using Tiny Targets. Methods We measured numbers of G. f. fuscipes attracted to electrified Tiny Targets in Kenya and Uganda. We compared violets, Vestergaard blues, and a typical blue polyester, using three replicated Latin squares experiments. We then employed Bayesian statistical analyses to generate expected catches for future target deployments incorporating uncertainty in model parameters, and prior knowledge from previous experiments. Results Expected catches for average future replicates of violet and Vestergaard blue targets were highly likely to exceed those for typical blue. Accounting for catch variability between replicates, it remained moderately probable (70–86% and 59–84%, respectively) that a given replicate of these targets would have a higher expected catch than typical blue on the same day at the same site. Meanwhile, expected catches for average violet replicates were, in general, moderately likely to exceed those for Vestergaard blue. However, the difference in medians was small, and accounting for catch variability, the probability that the expected catch for a violet replicate would exceed a Vestergaard blue equivalent was marginal (46–71%). Conclusion Violet and Vestergaard ZeroFly blue are expected to outperform typical blue polyester in the Tiny Target configuration. Violet is unlikely to greatly outperform Vestergaard blue deployed in this way, but because violet is highly attractive to both riverine and savannah tsetse using different target designs, it may provide the more suitable general-purpose fabric.
Warm nights disrupt transcriptome rhythms in field-grown rice panicles

Significance The effects of warmer nighttime temperatures (WNT) on crops are one poorly understood dimension of climate change. WNT result from the asymmetrical increase in nighttime versus daytime temperatures. In rice, WNT reduce grain yield and quality. WNT reduce the amplitude of daily temperature cycles plants use to set their circadian clock. Therefore, we examined how WNT affect the timing of molecular activities. In field-grown plants, WNT alter the daily pattern of the transcriptome. Genes with strong rhythmic expression and those under circadian control are affected most by WNT. Many candidate regulators of the disrupted genes are circadian clock associated, emphasizing the altered timing under WNT. The pathways and mechanisms identified can assist efforts to identify lines tolerant to WNT. In rice, a small increase in nighttime temperature reduces grain yield and quality. How warm nighttime temperatures (WNT) produce these detrimental effects is not well understood, especially in field conditions where the typical day-to-night temperature fluctuation exceeds the mild increase in nighttime temperature. We observed genome-wide disruption of gene expression timing during the reproductive phase in field-grown rice panicles acclimated to 2 to 3 °C WNT. Transcripts previously identified as rhythmically expressed with a 24-h period and circadian-regulated transcripts were more sensitive to WNT than were nonrhythmic transcripts. The system-wide perturbations in transcript levels suggest that WNT disrupt the tight temporal coordination between internal molecular events and the environment, resulting in reduced productivity. We identified transcriptional regulators whose predicted targets are enriched for sensitivity to WNT. The affected transcripts and candidate regulators identified through our network analysis explain molecular mechanisms driving sensitivity to WNT and identify candidates that can be targeted to enhance tolerance to WNT.