Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Stratification of Cultural Consumption Across Three Domains : Music , Theatre , Dance and Cinema , and the Visual Arts ∗

In chapter 1 of this volume, we have outlined three widely discussed arguments concerning the social stratification of cultural consumption: that is, what we have labelled as the ‘homology’, the ‘individualisation’ and the ‘omnivore–univore’ arguments. In our own previous work (Chan and Goldthorpe, 2005, 2007b,c) we have examined the validity of these arguments in the light of analyses of cultural consumption in England in three different domains: that is, in music, in theatre, dance and cinema, and in the visual arts. Through this work we have sought to make some advance on previous research in two main ways. First, we have recognised that insofar as the focus of interest is on cultural consumption, then this must be studied as directly as possible, and that
Total Mercury and Methylmercury Contents of Insects from Boreal Lakes: Ecological, Spatial and Temporal Patterns

Mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in insects from 19 lakes in Quebec (Canada) and Sweden ranged from 550 ng Hgg-1 dry weight (dw). The mean proportion of MeHg to total Hg concentrations depended on the feeding behaviour of the animals, increasing from 35-50% in detritivoresgrazers (dipterans, ephemeropterans, trichopterans) to 70-95% in predators (heteropterans, coleopterans, odonates). These differences were attributed to the biomagnification of MeHg in the food web since the MeHgJtotal Hg ratio in the organisms was not related to their body size. A large part of the overall variability of total Hg (r2=0.57, p=0.0001) and MeHg (r2=0.79, p=0.0001) concentrations in insects was explained by taxonomic differences, probably related to feeding behaviour, and the differences between lakes. MeHg concentrations in chironomids and in odonates were significantly correlated with sediment MeHg contents (r=0.78, p=0.005; r=0.62, p=0.001, respectively). However, our results suggest that animal feeding behaviour and the quality of ingested food are more important in determining MeHg accumulation in insects than either MeHg contents of sediment or atmospheric Hg deposition rates. Our data indicate that the bioavailability of Hg to the lower trophic levels of the food web is determined by abiotic factors and controls contamination of predators at the top of the food chain. Total Hg concentrations in insects increased from spring to fall, from 60-80 ng Hgg-1 dw to 125-175 ng Hgg-1 dw in the detritivore-grazer taxa, and from 88-120 ng Hggl dw to 180-200 ng Hgg-1 dw in the predator taxa. MeHgItotal Hg ratios showed little variability from spring to fall and the increase of Hg and MeHg concentrations in insects seemed to be related to enhanced methylation resulting from the rise of water temperature and to the variations in the nature of the food ingested.
Yosemite Hydroclimate Network: Distributed stream and atmospheric data for the Tuolumne River watershed and surroundings

Regions of complex topography and remote wilderness terrain have spatially varying patterns of temperature and streamflow, but due to inherent difficulties of access, are often very poorly sampled. Here we present a data set of distributed stream stage, streamflow, stream temperature, barometric pressure, and air temperature from the Tuolumne River Watershed in Yosemite National Park, Sierra Nevada, California, USA, for water years 2002–2015, as well as a quality‐controlled hourly meteorological forcing time series for use in hydrologic modeling. We also provide snow data and daily inflow to the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir for 1970–2015. This paper describes data collected using low‐visibility and low‐impact installations for wilderness locations and can be used alone or as a critical supplement to ancillary data sets collected by cooperating agencies, referenced herein. This data set provides a unique opportunity to understand spatial patterns and scaling of hydroclimatic processes in complex terrain and can be used to evaluate downscaling techniques or distributed modeling. The paper also provides an example methodology and lessons learned in conducting hydroclimatic monitoring in remote wilderness.
Prospective Association of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome With Coronary Artery Calcification and Carotid-Intima-Media Thickness: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Women’s Study

Objective— To study the independent associations of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and its 2 components, hyperandrogenism and anovulation, with coronary artery calcification (CAC) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT). Approach and Results— At the year 20 of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a population-based multicenter cohort of young adults, women (mean age, 45 years) with information on menses and hirsutism in their twenties were assessed for CAC (n=982) and IMT (n=988). We defined PCOS as women who had both irregular menses and hyperandrogenism (n=55); isolated oligomenorrhea (n=103) as women who only had irregular menses; and isolated hyperandrogenism (n=156) as women who had either hirsutism or increased testosterone levels. Logistic regressions and general linear models were used to estimate the associations between components of PCOS and subclinical CVD. The prevalence of CAC was 10.3% overall. Women with PCOS had a multivariable adjusted odds ratio of 2.70 (95% confidence interval, 1.31–5.60) for CAC. Women with either isolated oligomenorrhea or isolated hyperandrogenism had no increased risk of CAC when compared with unexposed women. Women with PCOS had significantly increased bulb and internal carotid-IMT measurements; however, no significant differences were noted in bulb or internal carotid artery IMT among women with either isolated oligomenorrhea or isolated hyperandrogenism when compared with unexposed women. There were no differences in common carotid-IMT among the 4 study groups. Conclusions— In this study, women with PCOS, manifested as both anovulation and hyperandrogenism, but not women with one of these manifestations alone, were at increased risk for the development of subclinical CVD.
Planning attitudes, lay philosophies, and water allocation: A preliminary analysis and research agenda

Despite the important societal consequences of water policy, community attitudes toward planning, ethics, and equity for allocation of water have received little research attention. This preliminary research was conducted to assess the range and structure of planning attitudes and equity and ethical considerations which might be relevant to the general public's evaluation of water allocation systems. The relationship of these to priorities for water allocation were also examined. The results showed a complex structure for planning attitudes. There were also generalized but clearly defined community approaches to water allocation. A number of significant relationships between planning attitudes and philosophies of allocation were shown. Planning attitudes also related to priorities for water allocation. In practical terms the research provides some preliminary, ethically based evaluative criteria which could be applied to allocation decision-making systems. Theoretical research possibilities are also outlined.
PERSONALITY PROCESSES AND DIFFERENCES Traits, Consistency, and Self-Schemata: What Do Our Methods Measure?

Psychologists have responded to the inadequacies that Mischel (1968) noted in the trait approach to personality by exploring two other facets of personality, cross-situational consistency and self-schemata. These newer approaches have yet to be clearly distinguished conceptually or empirically from the traditional model that they were designed to supplement or replace. Our research tries to do this. In it, two samples of respondents (N = 362) rated the extent to which, of 10 traits applied to them (overall level), rated their consistency on these traits (crosssituational consistency), and rated the importance of these traits to their view of themselves (self-schema). Correlational analyses show that the measures of consistency and self-schema lack discriminant validity from the measures of overall level. Specifically, their correlations with level were as high as their internal consistencies. We argue that the measurement models for cross-situational consistency and for self-schemata do not adequately reflect their theoretical counterparts. This failure undercuts the interpretations of recent research by Markus (1977), Markus, Crane, Bernstein, and Siladi (1982), and S. Bern (1981). To a great extent the results of psychologists' attempt to understand personality has been a list of personality traits and research on their causes, correlates, and consequences. But Mischel (1968) and others (Peterson, 1968; Vernon, 1964) severely questioned the value of this enterprise. One of the responses to Mischel's criticism of the trait approach to personality has been the introduction of two alternative ways of thinking about personality—the cross-situational consistency approach and the self-schema approach. Our intention in this article is to examine the conceptual distinctions among the facets of personality posited by these three approaches and the methods for measuring them. We
Recent Land Use and Livelihood Transitions in Northern Laos

Abstract Landscapes in the mountainous north of Lao People's Democratic Republic (hereafter Lao PDR or Laos) are undergoing rapid transformation as road access is being improved and the area is integrated into the regional economies of Southeast Asia, particularly China. Rural livelihoods in the upland areas, long based on subsistence agricultural production, are changing as more households engage in the market economy. This study assesses land use changes from 1993 to 2000, as well as agricultural production in 4 northern provinces of Laos: Luang Prabang, Oudomxay, Bokeo, and Luang Namtha. The spatial data available for this region are limited, but several trends are apparent from 1993: the area of traditional upland agriculture and swidden farming (ie shifting agriculture) has decreased, while permanent intensive agriculture has increased. There is some evidence that forest cover has increased since 1997, probably as a result of the succession of abandoned swidden areas to secondary forest, but the quality and extent of this forest cover remains unclear. Agricultural sector analysis in the 4 northern provinces supported the land use data, showing a rise in commercial agricultural production of cash crops (including sugar cane, paddy rice, and maize) at the expense of subsistence agricultural production. All these changes reflect the government's policy of reducing shifting cultivation practices in the upland areas and promoting cash crop production. The new exposure to external market forces has begun to bring about changes in Laotian rural communities, with the development of village collectives to manage resources and negotiate with outside traders. However, it is also envisaged that this commercialization will increase the demand for privatization of agricultural land; this will require a renegotiation of current government land allocation policies.
Anatomía de los órganos vegetativos en Solanum juvenale y su comparacion con S. elaeagnifolium (Solanaceae)

SE ANALIZAN LAS CARACTERISTICAS ANATOMICAS DE RAIZ, TALLO Y HOJA EN SOLANUM JUVENALE THELL. SUBG. LEPTOSTEMONUM (DUN.) BITTER, SECT. LATHYROCARPUM (G. DON) WALP. (SOLANECEAE), CON ESPECIAL REFERENCIA A LAS ESTRUCTURAS QUE INTERVIENEN EN LA PROGRAMACION VEGETATIVA. LOS RESULTADOS SE COMPARAN CON LOS DATOS OBTENIDOS EN S. ELAEAGNIFOLIUM CAV. AMBAS ESPECIES ESTAN ESTRECHAMENTE RELACIONADAS, AUNQUE PARTICULARIDADES ANATOMICAS DE LA RAIZ, TALLO Y HOJAS, PERMITEN DIFERENCIARLAS.
Climate and geology overwrite land use effects on soil organic nitrogen cycling on a continental scale

Abstract. Soil fertility and plant productivity are globally constrained by N availability. Proteins are the largest N reservoir in soils and the cleavage of proteins into small peptides and amino acids has been shown to be the rate limiting step in the terrestrial N cycle. However, we are still lacking a profound understanding of the environmental controls of this process. Here we show that integrated effects of climate and soil geochemistry drive protein cleavage across large scales. We measured gross protein depolymerization rates in mineral and organic soils sampled across a 4000-km-long European transect covering a wide range of climates, geologies and land uses. Based on structural equation models we identified that soil organic N cycling was strongly controlled by substrate availability e.g. by soil protein content. Soil geochemistry was a secondary predictor by controlling protein stabilization mechanisms and protein availability. Precipitation was identified as the main climatic control on protein depolymerization by affecting soil weathering and soil organic matter accumulation. In contrast, land use was a poor predictor of protein depolymerization. Our results highlight the need to consider geology and precipitation effects on soil geochemistry when estimating and predicting soil N cycling at large scales.
EVALUATION OF SOME MANGO CULTIVARS UNDER NORTH INDIAN CONDITIONS

Five mango cultivars viz. Dashehari, Langra, Mallika, Amrapali and Alphanso were introduced at PAU, Regional Fruit Research Station, Abohar during the year 1982-83. These cultivars are being evaluated for their vegetative as well as fruiting behaviour. The plants of cultivar Langra have been observed to be vigorous while, Mallika, Dashehari and Amrapali closely followed each other whereas, the trees of Alphanso showed less vegetative growth. Maximum fruit yield (73.00 kg/tree) was recorded in the plants of Mallika which was closely followed by Dashehari while it was the minimum in Amrapali. Highest total soluble solids (20.04%) were recorded in the fruits of Dashehari which was closely followed by Langra, Amrapali and Mallika. The cultivars Dashehari and Langra matures during second week of July while, Mallika and Amrapali matures during the third week of July. The incidence of mango hopper was the highest in Mallika while, it was the lowest in Dashehari. The highest incidence of mango malformation was recorded in Mallika and lowest in Langra. Powdery mildew incidence was the highest in Amrapali followed by Alphanso, Dashehari and Langra whereas, its incidence was the least in Mallika. On the basis of fruit yield and quality attributes, the cultivation of Dashehari, Langra, Mallika and Amrapali is recommended for commercial cultivation in the south-western districts of Punjab.
Estimating shallow groundwater recharge in the headwaters of the Liverpool Plains using SWAT

A physically based catchment model (SWAT) was used for recharge estimation in the headwaters of the Liverpool Plains in NSW, Australia. The study used water balance modelling at the catchment scale to derive parameters for long‐term recharge estimation. The derived parameters were further assessed at a subcatchment scale. Modelling results suggest that recharge occurs only in wet years, and is dominated by a few significant years or periods. The results were matched by independently observed bore data across the study area in the past 30 years. The study suggests that variations in recharge can be primarily explained by the climatic factor rather than land‐use changes. The study estimated less recharge than previous studies where point scale modelling results have been scaled up to the catchment scale. It suggests that a catchment‐based approach is needed for recharge estimation at the catchment scale. The study indicates that the current model may overestimate runoff on cracking vertosols under dry conditions where improvement is likely needed. The need for long‐term runoff and bore monitoring data to confidently establish the relationships among water balance/recharge estimation and groundwater level variation is discussed. SWAT provides an alternative to point scale modelling for evaluating recharge and its response to changes in land use and land management. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SPACE-TIME MODEL FOR DAILY RAINFALL USING ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION PATTERNS

A multidimensional stochastic model is developed for the space-time distribution of daily precipitation. The rainfall is linked to the atmospheric circulation patterns using conditional distributions and conditional spatial covariance functions. The model is a transformed conditional multivariate autoregressive AR(I) model, with parameters depending on the atmospheric circulation pattern. The model reproduces both the local rainfall occurrence probabilities and the distribution of the rainfall amounts at given locations, and the spatial dependence described with the help of cross-covariances of the transformed series. Parameter estimation methods based on the moments of the observed data are developed. A simulation procedure for the model is also presented. Its link to atmospheric circulation patterns makes it suitable for local precipitation simulation under stationary and nonstationary arrivals of atmospheric circulation patterns such as climate change. The model is applied using the classification scheme of the German Weather Service which is available for the time period 1881–1990. Precipitation data measured at 44 different stations for the time period 1977–1990 in the catchment of the river Ruhr (Germany) are used to demonstrate the model.
FREQUENCIES OF BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS AND CORRESPONDING ALLELES IN THE POPULATION OF MIRPUR, AZAD JAMMU KASHMIR, PAKISTAN

A sample of 3927 subjects was collected from the Mirpur, Azad Jammu Kashmir, Pakistan. A frequency distribution of 26.38%, 32.50%, 9.47% and 31.65% was observed for blood groups A, B, AB and O, respectively, while 91.04% of the subjects being Rh positive. The allelic frequencies were calculated to be 0.2, 0.238 and 0.562 for A, B and O alleles, respectively, and 0.299 for d allele. The data did not show significant differences between males and females during the study period with respect to allelic frequencies of blood groups and was found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The trend of blood groups and allelic frequencies has been compared with other regions of Pakistan. Key worlds: Mirpur, Azad Jammu Kashmir, Pakistan, blood groups, allelic frequencies.
Cold curation of pristine astromaterials: Insights from the Tagish Lake meteorite

The curation and handling of volatile‐bearing astromaterials is of prime importance in current and future plans for sample return missions to targets containing organic compounds, ices, or other volatile components. We report on the specific curation constraints required for the preservation of the Tagish Lake meteorite, a C2 ungrouped chondrite that contains significant concentrations of organic matter, including compounds of prebiotic interest or volatile in character, and which was recovered from a frozen lake surface a few days after its fall. Here, we review the circumstances of the meteorite's handling, its complement of intrinsic and contaminant organic compounds, and an unusual reaction between some of the specimens and the Al foil in which they were enclosed. From our results, we derive the requirements for curation of the meteorite, and describe a specialized facility that enables its curation and handling. The Subzero Facility for Curation of Astromaterials consists of a purified Ar glove box enclosed within a freezer chamber, and enables investigations relevant to curation of samples at or below −10 °C. We provide several recommendations based on insights obtained from the commissioning and initial use of the facility that are relevant to collection of freshly fallen meteorites, curation of volatile‐bearing meteorites and other astromaterials, and planning and implementation of curation plans for future sample return missions to volatile‐bearing targets.
Improved Seasonal Probability Forecasts

Abstract A simple statistical model of seasonal variability is used to explore the properties of probability forecasts and their accuracy measures. Two methods of estimating probabilistic information from an ensemble of deterministic forecasts are discussed. The estimators considered are the straightforward nonparametric estimator defined as the relative number of the ensemble members in an event category, and a parametric Gaussian estimator derived from a fitted Gaussian distribution. The parametric Gaussian estimator is superior to the standard nonparametric estimator on seasonal timescales. A statistical skill improvement technique is proposed and applied to a collection of 24-member ensemble seasonal hindcasts of northern winter 700-hPa temperature (T700) and 500-hPa height (Z500). The improvement technique is moderately successful for T700 but fails to improve Brier skill scores of the already relatively reliable raw Z500 probability forecasts.
Physiological Constraints on the Global Distribution of Trichodesmium – Effect of Temperature on Diazotrophy

The cyanobacterium Trichodesmium is an important link in the global nitrogen cycle due to its significant input of atmospheric nitrogen to the ocean. Attempts to incorporate Trichodesmium in ocean biogeochemical circulation models have, so far, relied on the observed correlation between temperature and Trichodesmium abundance. This correlation may result in part from a direct effect of temperature on Trichodesmium growth rates through the control of cellular biochemical processes, or indirectly through temperature influence on mixed layer depth, light and nutrient regimes. Here we present results indicating that the observed correlation of Trichodesmium with temperature in the field reflects primarily the direct physiological effects of temperature on diazotrophic growth of Trichodesmium. Tri-chodesmium IMS-101 (an isolate of T. erythraeum) could ac-climate and grow at temperatures ranging from 20 to 34 • C. Maximum growth rates (µ max =0.25 day −1) and maximum nitrogen fixation rates (0.13 mmol N mol POC −1 h −1) were measured within 24 to 30 • C. Combining this empirical relationship with global warming scenarios derived from state-of-the-art climate models sets a physiological constraint on the future distribution of Trichodesmium that could significantly affect the future nitrogen input into oligotrophic waters by this diazotroph.
Large nonsaturating magnetoresistance and pressure-induced phase transition in the layered semimetal HfTe 2

Unusual physical properties like large magnetoresistance (MR) and superconductivity occurring in semimetals with Dirac or Weyl points are often linked to their topologically nontrivial band structures. However, there is an increasing number of reports on semimetals that show large MR in the absence of Dirac or Weyl points. Herein we report an experimental and theoretical study on the layered transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) $\mathrm{HfT}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}$ that shows a large MR of $1350%$ at $T=2$ K and ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}H=9\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}$ in the absence of Dirac or Weyl points. Moreover, the structure and electrical resistivity under pressure reveal a unique structural transition. These results clearly distinguish $\mathrm{HfT}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}$ from TMDCs like $\mathrm{MoT}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}$ or $\mathrm{WT}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}$ which both exhibit larger MR and are viewed as Weyl semimetals. $\mathrm{HfT}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}$ is an appealing platform for future investigations on the interplay of particular band-structure features and their connection to emerging physical properties.