Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantile Importance Sampling

In Bayesian inference, the approximation of integrals of the form $\psi = \mathbb{E}_{F}{l(X)} = \int_{\chi} l(\mathbf{x}) d F(\mathbf{x})$ is a fundamental challenge. Such integrals are crucial for evidence estimation, which is important for various purposes, including model selection and numerical analysis. The existing strategies for evidence estimation are classified into four categories: deterministic approximation, density estimation, importance sampling, and vertical representation (Llorente et al., 2020). In this paper, we show that the Riemann sum estimator due to Yakowitz (1978) can be used in the context of nested sampling (Skilling, 2006) to achieve a $O(n^{-4})$ rate of convergence, faster than the usual Ergodic Central Limit Theorem. We provide a brief overview of the literature on the Riemann sum estimators and the nested sampling algorithm and its connections to vertical likelihood Monte Carlo. We provide theoretical and numerical arguments to show how merging these two ideas may result in improved and more robust estimators for evidence estimation, especially in higher dimensional spaces. We also briefly discuss the idea of simulating the Lorenz curve that avoids the problem of intractable $\Lambda$ functions, essential for the vertical representation and nested sampling.
Efficient tensor-network simulation for the few-atom multimode Dicke model via coupling-matrix transformation

We present a novel generalization of the chain mapping technique that applies to multi-atom, multimode systems by making use of coupling matrix transformations. This is extremely useful for tensor network simulations of multimode Dicke model and multi-spin-boson model because their coupling structures are altered from the star form to the chain form with near-neighbor interactions. Our approach produces an equivalent Hamiltonian with the latter coupling form, which we call the band Hamiltonian, and we demonstrate its equivalence to the multimode Dicke Hamiltonian. In the single atom case, our approach reduces to the chain mapping technique. When considering several tens of field modes, we have found that tensor network simulation of two atoms in the ultrastrong coupling regime is possible with our approach. We demonstrate this by considering a pair of entangled atoms confined in a cavity, interacting with thirty electromagnetic modes.
Zigzag edge ferromagnetism of triangular-graphene-quantum-dot-like system

Here, the magnetic susceptibility of a triangular-graphene-quantum-dot-like system was examined by using the determinant quantum Monte Carlo method. We focused on three zigzag edge quantum dots or rings, namely, the triangular graphene quantum ring, bilayer triangular graphene quantum dot, and bilayer triangular graphene quantum ring. The triangular-graphene-quantum-dot-like system exhibited robust edge ferromagnetic behavior, which was independent of size, monolayer or bilayer, or dot or ring shape, according to the numerical results. At half filling, the edge magnetic susceptibility is increased by on-site interactions, especially in the low-temperature region. Spintronics systems may benefit from use of this system due to its robust edge ferromagnetic behavior.
Measuring Self-Supervised Representation Quality for Downstream Classification Using Discriminative Features

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has shown impressive results in downstream classification tasks. However, there is limited work in understanding their failure modes and interpreting their learned representations. In this paper, we study the representation space of state-of-the-art self-supervised models including SimCLR, SwaV, MoCo, BYOL, DINO, SimSiam, VICReg and Barlow Twins. Without the use of class label information, we discover discriminative features that correspond to unique physical attributes in images, present mostly in correctly-classified representations. Using these features, we can compress the representation space by up to$40% without significantly affecting linear classification performance. We then propose Self-Supervised Representation Quality Score (or Q-Score), an unsupervised score that can reliably predict if a given sample is likely to be mis-classified during linear evaluation, achieving AUPRC of 91.45 on ImageNet-100 and 78.78 on ImageNet-1K. Q-Score can also be used as a regularization term on pre-trained encoders to remedy low-quality representations. Fine-tuning with Q-Score regularization can boost the linear probing accuracy of SSL models by up to 5.8% on ImageNet-100 and 3.7% on ImageNet-1K compared to their baselines. Finally, using gradient heatmaps and Salient ImageNet masks, we define a metric to quantify the interpretability of each representation. We show that discriminative features are strongly correlated to core attributes and, enhancing these features through Q-score regularization makes SSL representations more interpretable.
Capacity Bounds for Vertically-Drifted First Arrival Position Channels under a Covariance Constraint

In this paper, we delve into the capacity problem of additive vertically-drifted first arrival position noise channel, which models a communication system where the position of molecules is harnessed to convey information. Drawing inspiration from the principles governing vector Gaussian interference channels, we examine this capacity problem within the context of a covariance constraint on input distributions. We offer analytical upper and lower bounds on this capacity for a three-dimensional spatial setting. This is achieved through a meticulous analysis of the characteristic function coupled with an investigation into the stability properties. The results of this study contribute to the ongoing effort to understand the fundamental limits of molecular communication systems.
HIPLEX-1: Statistical Evaluation

Abstract Results of statistical analyses for HIPLEX-1, a randomized cloud seeding experiment, are presented. The analyses are based principally on multi-response permutation procedures (MRPP) as specified before the HIPLEX-1 experiment was initiated. Even though the sample sizes are very small, due in part to the premature termination of this experiment, the three primary response variables measured in the first five minutes following treatment indicate pronounced differences in the development of ice crystals between nonseeded and seeded events. However, the response variables measured more than five minutes after treatment generally do not indicate obvious differences in the subsequent development of precipitation between nonseeded and seeded events. This lack of difference is a possible consequence of 1) lack of a seeding effect, 2) inadequacies in the physical hypothesis, or 3) the small sample sizes. Consequently, only the initial steps in the HIPLEX-1 physical hypothesis could be confirmed in this e.
Terminal Decline in Physical Function in Older Adults

Abstract Background It is currently unclear whether (and when) physical function exhibits a terminal decline phase, that is, a substantial acceleration of decline in the very last years before death. Methods 702 deceased adults aged 70 years and older from the Yale PEP Study provided 4 133 measurements of physical function (Short Physical Performance Battery, SPPB) up to 20 years before death. In addition, continuous gait and chair rise subtest scores (in seconds) were assessed. Generalized mixed regression models with random change points were used to estimate the onset and the steepness of terminal decline in physical function. Results Decline accelerated in the last years of life in all 3 measures of physical function. The onset of terminal decline occurred 1 year before death for the SPPB, and at 2.5 and 2.6 years before death for chair rise and gait speed test scores, respectively. Terminal declines in physical function were 6–8 times steeper than pre-terminal declines. Relative to those whose condition leading to death was frailty, participants who died from dementia and cancer had an up to 6 months earlier and 3 months later onset of terminal decline in SPPB, respectively. Conclusions Terminal decline in physical function among older adults is comparable to the more established terminal decline phenomenon in cognition. Our results provide additional evidence of late-life rapid decline in physical function due to impending death.
Integrated genetic and metabolic characterization of Latin American cassava (Manihot esculenta) germplasm

Abstract Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important staple crop for food security in Africa and South America. The present study describes an integrated genomic and metabolomic approach to the characterization of Latin American cassava germplasm. Classification based on genotyping correlated with the leaf metabolome and indicated a key finding of adaption to specific eco-geographical environments. In contrast, the root metabolome did not relate to genotypic clustering, suggesting the different spatial regulation of this tissue's metabolome. The data were used to generate pan-metabolomes for specific tissues, and the inclusion of phenotypic data enabled the identification of metabolic sectors underlying traits of interest. For example, tolerance to whiteflies (Aleurotrachelus socialis) was not linked directly to cyanide content but to cell wall–related phenylpropanoid or apocarotenoid content. Collectively, these data advance the community resources and provide valuable insight into new candidate parental breeding materials with traits of interest directly related to combating food security.
The role of ultrasound in determining the presence and severity of carpal tunnel syndrome in diabetic patients

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is seen in 5% of the population and 14%–30% in diabetics. Although electrophysiological tests are used as the gold standard method in the diagnosis, alternative methods are being studying. We aimed to investigate whether the measurement of median nerve cross-sectional area (CSA) by ultrasound is associated with the presence and severity of CTS. This prospective, cross-sectional observational study includes 128 randomly selected T2DM patients. Electrodiagnostic study was performed for all patients to diagnose CTS. Median nerve CSA were measured with ultrasound examination. The severity of the CTS was determined by Padua method. Among 128 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, 54 (28%) had CTS and 53 (41%) had diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy. The mean duration of DM was 11.55 years. Median nerve CSAs of the patients were significantly higher in patients with CTS (CTS (−): 10.47 ± 2.67 vs CTS: (+) 12.37 ± 3.17; p < 0.001). Median nerve CSA cutoff value of >10 mm2 predicts the diagnosis of CTS. However, minimal, mild, and moderate CTS groups had similar CSA according to Padua classification (p > 0.05 for all). CSA measurement with ultrasonography can be used as an effective method in diagnosing severe CTS disease. However, median nerve CSA values should not be used to reveal the severity of CTS, in order not to miss the demonstration of minimal, mild, and moderate groups, as well as being an indicator of only the severe CTS group.
Histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of testicular morphology and spermatogenesis in Gymnotus carapo (Teleostei: Gymnotidae)

This work aims to study the testicular morphology and spermatogenesis of Gymnotus carapo to provide information on their reproductive biology which is useful in managing this species as a fishing resource. The testicles were isolated and fixed in 10% formalin; subsequently, they were processed for scanning electron microscopy with conventional histological technique. To analyze the cell proliferation of germline cells and Sertoli cells, immunodetection of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein was performed. In G. carapo spermatogenesis, the spermatogenic line is organized into cysts. Spermatogonia A is characterized by more bigger and solitary cells. Spermatogonia B are smaller cells; their nucleus has a larger area concerning the cytoplasm and is grouped in tubules. Spermatocytes (I–II) are smaller than spermatogonia in the prophase of meiotic division. Spermatids are cells with dense, rounded nucleus. The sperm were found in the lumen of the tubule. By immunostaining PCNA, it was possible to observe the proliferative activity of germ line cells and Sertoli cells during the cyst reorganization phase. These results are the basis for future studies focusing on the analysis compared to females of the reproductive cycle of G. carapo.
Sulfonated polyHIPE/nanoclay composites with hierarchically porous structure for efficient removal of endocrine‐disrupting hormone from aqueous solution

The objective of this study is the synthesis of macroporous polystyrene‐based polyHIPE/nanoclay (p[HIPE]/NClay) monoliths and post‐functionalization of the monoliths through sulfonation to improve the structural and textural properties as well as adsorption performances toward bisphenol A (BPA) as an endocrine‐disrupting chemical. The adsorption tests were conducted with raw p(HIPE), nanoclay, p(HIPE)/NClay, and sulfonated samples in order to obtain insights in the adsorption mechanism. The synergy between clay embedding and sulfonation resulted in higher BPA removal performance of p(HIPE)/NClay@S sample (96% removal) when compared with the raw polyHIPE (52% removal). The adsorption efficiency was mainly attributed to the functionality, followed by porosity and hydrophilicity of the as‐synthesized materials. Considering the roles of hydrophobic, hydrogen‐bonding, and π–π stacking interactions, the adsorption mechanism was discussed by using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Moreover, the experimental parameters including solution pH, co‐existing anions, ionic strength, and temperature were investigated in detail. The adsorption data were fitted to isotherm and kinetic models. The composite adsorbents also displayed excellent regeneration and stability until the fifth cycle. This research provides fresh insights into the effective adsorptive removal of endocrine‐disrupting hormones by sulfonated porous nanoclay‐polymer monoliths.
Role of clinical biomarkers in predicting the effectiveness of omalizumab

Objective: To explore whether baseline clinical biomarkers and characteristics can be used to predict the responsiveness of omalizumab. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of patients with severe asthma who received omalizumab treatment and collected their baseline data and relevant laboratory examination results along with case records of omalizumab treatment responsiveness after 16 weeks. We compared the differences in variables between the group of patients that responded to omalizumab therapy and the non-responder group, and then performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Finally, we analyzed the difference in response rate for subgroups by selecting cut-off values for the variables using Fisher’s exact probability method. Results: This retrospective, single-center observational study enrolled 32 patients with severe asthma who were prescribed daily high-dose inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2 receptor agonists on long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists with or without OCS. Data on age, sex, BMI, bronchial thermoplasty, FeNO, serum total IgE, FEV1, blood eosinophils, induced sputum eosinophils, blood basophils, and complications were not significantly different between the responder and non-responder groups. In the univariate and multivariate logistic regression, all the variants were not significant, and we were unable to build a regression model. We used normal high values and the mean or median of variables as cut-off values to create patient subgroups for the variables and found no significant difference in the omalizumab response rate between the subgroups. Conclusion: The responsiveness of omalizumab is not associated with pretreatment clinical biomarkers, and these biomarkers should not be used to predict the responsiveness of omalizumab.
Leaving the hospital on time: hospital bed utilization and reasons for discharge delay in the Netherlands

Abstract Inappropriate bed occupancy due to delayed hospital discharge affects both physical and psychological well-being in patients and can disrupt patient flow. The Dutch healthcare system is facing ongoing pressure, especially during the current coronavirus disease pandemic, intensifying the need for optimal use of hospital beds. The aim of this study was to quantify inappropriate patient stays and describe the underlying reasons for the delays in discharge. The Day of Care Survey (DoCS) is a validated tool used to gain information about appropriate and inappropriate bed occupancy in hospitals. Between February 2019 and January 2021, the DoCS was performed five times in three different hospitals within the region of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. All inpatients were screened, using standardized criteria, for their need for in-hospital care at the time of survey and reasons for discharge delay. A total of 782 inpatients were surveyed. Of these patients, 94 (12%) were planned for definite discharge that day. Of all other patients, 145 (21%, ranging from 14% to 35%) were without the need for acute in-hospital care. In 74% (107/145) of patients, the reason for discharge delay was due to issues outside the hospital; most frequently due to a shortage of available places in care homes (26%, 37/145). The most frequent reason for discharge delay inside the hospital was patients awaiting a decision or review by the treating physician (14%, 20/145). Patients who did not meet the criteria for hospital stay were, in general, older [median 75, interquartile range (IQR) 65–84 years, and 67, IQR 55–75 years, respectively, P < . 001] and had spent more days in hospital (7, IQR 5–14 days, and 3, IQR 1–8 days respectively, P < .001). Approximately one in five admitted patients occupying hospital beds did not meet the criteria for acute in-hospital stay or care at the time of the survey. Most delays were related to issues outside the immediate control of the hospital. Improvement programmes working with stakeholders focusing on the transfer from hospital to outside areas of care need to be further developed and may offer potential for the greatest gain. The DoCS can be a tool to periodically monitor changes and improvements in patient flow.
Inverse problem in elasticity and in electromagnetics.

Small inclusions of congestion are sources of disruption to ambient electromagnetic fields (those that exist in their absence, by example). It is easily conceivable that the extent of these disturbances can provide information enabling the identification of inclusions, which by iden- cation means at least one location, but where we could also quantifocation serve their electrical parameters, even in the best assumptions, congestion and characterization of their shapes. Recently, mathematical theory was developed to identify small inclusions from border measures, see [7] and references therein. This thesis focuses on the identi? Cation of homogeneous inclusions (from a priori unknown number) of a given medium from measurements of amplitudes di? raction at the appropriate illumination of the medium. First, we pro- Nisson new asymptotic formulas, as sturdy as specific fields electromagnetic phenomenon resulting from diffraction. Then, we ex- ploitons for the construction of identification algorithms noniterative relevant. The problem is treated in three parts, each dedicated to a specific geometry? that: 1) The burial environment of the collection is homogeneous, free space. 2) The medium consists of two half-spaces separated by a plane interface, collection studied lying in the lower half-space and sources and sensors located in the upper half-space. 3) The medium is a waveguide, and the collection is in the heart of this guide wave
Identification and characterization of single nucleotide polymorphisms in DMRT3 gene in Indian horse (Equus caballus) and donkey (Equus asinus) populations.

Equines' ability in racing and riding as well as gaitedness have influenced the human civilization. Aim of this study was to identify and characterize the novel polymorphisms or SNPs in DMRT3 gene in Indian horse and donkey breeds. In this study, the DMRT3 gene was sequenced and characterized in 72 Indian horses' and 33 Indian donkeys' samples. One SNP (A > C) at 878 was found in studied horses while identical SNPs (A > C) at two different nucleotide positions i.e., 878 and 942 in DMRT3 gene (chromosome 23) were observed in studied Indian donkey breeds. Horses and donkeys both have a non-synonymous mutation (A > C) at nucleotide 878 (codon 61) that converts a Stop codon (TAG > TCG) to coding codon Serine, whereas donkeys have a synonymous mutation at nucleotide 942 (codon 82) that converts Serine (TCA > TCC) into Serine. A phylogenetic tree indicated that the DMRT3 gene was equally distributed among the equine breeds. Most of the donkey breeds have been shown high levels of genetic diversity while horse breeds and Halari donkey showed the least genetic diversity. Mutation in DMRT3 has a major impact on gaitedness in horses and is presented at a high frequency in gaited breeds and in horses breed for harness racing.
Combinatorial rigidity of complexes of curves and multicurves

On suppose que S=Sg,n est un surface connexe orientable de type topologique fini, de genre g≥3 et n≥0 epointements. Dans les chapitres 1 et 2 on decrit l'ensemble principal d'une surface et prouve que en utilisant expansions rigides iteres, on peut creer suites croissantes d'ensembles finis qui sa reunion est le complexe des courbes de la surface C(S). Dans le 3eme chapitre on introduit l'ensemble rigide X(S) de Aramayona et Leininger et l'utilise pour montrer que la suite des chapitres precedents est eventuellement une suite d'ensembles rigides. On utilise cela pour prouver que si Si=Sgi,ni pour i=1,2 sont surfaces telles que k(S1)≥k(S2) et g1≥3, toute application qui preserve les aretes de C(S1) dans C(S2) est induite par un homeomorphisme. Ceci est utilise pour montrer un resultat similaire pour les homomorphismes de sous-groupes de Mod*(S1) dans Mod*(S2). Dans le 4eme chapitre on utilise les resultats precedents pour prouver que l'unique facon d'obtenir une application qui preserve les aretes et qui est alternante du graphe de Hatcher-Thurston de S1, HT(S1), dans soi de S2, HT(S2) est en utilisant un homeomorphisme de S1 et puis piquer la surface n fois pour obtenir S2. Ceci implique que toute application qui preserve les aretes et qui est alternante de HT(S) dans soi meme et aussi tous les automorphismes de HT(S), sont induits par homeomorphismes. Dans le 5eme chapitre on montre que toute application super-injective du graphe des courbes qui ne separe pas et courbes exterieures de S1, NO(S1), dans soi de S2, NO(S2), est induite par un homeomorphisme. Finalement, dans les conclusions on discute la signifiance des resultats et les facons possibles d'etendre leur.