Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Henipavirus Immune Evasion and Pathogenesis Mechanisms: Lessons Learnt from Natural Infection and Animal Models

Nipah henipavirus (NiV) and Hendra henipavirus (HeV) are zoonotic emerging paramyxoviruses causing severe disease outbreaks in humans and livestock, mostly in Australia, India, Malaysia, Singapore and Bangladesh. Both are bat-borne viruses and in humans, their mortality rates can reach 60% in the case of HeV and 92% for NiV, thus being two of the deadliest viruses known for humans. Several factors, including a large cellular tropism and a wide zoonotic potential, con-tribute to their high pathogenicity. This review provides an overview of HeV and NiV pathogenicity mechanisms and provides a summary of their interactions with the immune systems of their different host species, including their natural hosts bats, spillover-hosts pigs, horses, and humans, as well as in experimental animal models. A better understanding of the interactions between henipaviruses and their hosts could facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies and vaccine measures against these re-emerging viruses.
Care burden, loneliness, and social isolation in caregivers of people with physical and brain health conditions in English‐speaking regions: Before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Public health restrictions due to the COVID‐19 (SARS CoV‐2) pandemic have disproportionately affected informal caregivers of people living with long term health conditions. We aimed to explore levels of care burden, loneliness, and social isolation among caregivers of people with enduring physical and brain health conditions in English‐speaking regions worldwide, by investigating outcomes before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Photoelectrochemical Performance of Nanotubular Fe2O3–TiO2 Electrodes under Solar Radiation

Fe2O3–TiO2 materials were obtained by the cathodic electrochemical deposition of Fe on anodic TiO2 at different deposition times (5–180 s), followed by annealing at 450 °C. The effect of the hematite content on the photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity of the received materials was studied. The synthesized electrodes were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Mott–Schottky analysis, and PEC measurements. It was shown that the amount of deposited iron (ca. 0.5 at.%–30 at.%) and, consequently, hematite after a final annealing increased with the extension of deposition time and directly affected the semiconducting properties of the hybrid material. It was observed that the flat band potential shifted towards more positive values, facilitating photoelectrochemical water oxidation. In addition, the optical band gap decreased from 3.18 eV to 2.77 eV, which resulted in enhanced PEC visible-light response. Moreover, the Fe2O3–TiO2 electrodes were sensitive to the addition of glucose, which indicates that such materials may be considered as potential PEC sensors for the detection of glucose.
Extracting hierarchical features of cultural variation using network-based clustering

Abstract Abstract High-dimensional datasets on cultural characters contribute to uncovering insights about factors that influence cultural evolution. Because cultural variation in part reflects descent processes with a hierarchical structure – including the descent of populations and vertical transmission of cultural traits – methods designed for hierarchically structured data have potential to find applications in the analysis of cultural variation. We adapt a network-based hierarchical clustering method for use in analysing cultural variation. Given a set of entities, the method constructs a similarity network, hierarchically depicting community structure among them. We illustrate the approach using four datasets: pronunciation variation in the US mid-Atlantic region, folklore variation in worldwide cultures, phonemic variation across worldwide languages and temporal variation in first names in the US. In these examples, the method provides insights into processes that affect cultural variation, uncovering geographic and other influences on observed patterns and cultural characters that make important contributions to them.
Service Science for Socio-Economical and Information Systems Advancement: Holistic Methodologies

Services both as a science and as a practice in todays corporate environments are suffering from many suboptimalities. A compromise of both organizational and technological aspects provides the answer to many pitfalls and shortcomings currently faced. Service Science for Socio-Economical and Information Systems Advancement: Holistic Methodologies sheds light on a variety of issues and shortcomings of service-based economies by analyzing situations and modern practices that improve the way researchers, field practitioners, and ICT professionals account for their core business service-related activities. This defining body of research provides a broad perspective of how to improve service creation, production, and management of assets.
Masculinization of Adult Gambusia holbrooki: A Case of Recapitulation of Protogyny in a Gonochorist?

Simple Summary Although gonochoristic fish express one sex or the other in adulthood, some adults display traits similar to those of their opposite sex, suggesting plasticity similar to hermaphrodites. To fully test this potential in the eastern mosquitofish, a gonochorist, two adult stages of females were fed 17α-Methyltestosterone incorporated feed (0–200 mg/kg diet) for 50 days. The hormone (particularly at 50 mg/kg diet) stimulated the formation of complex male copulatory structures and testicular tissue as well as upregulated expression of Anti-Müllerian Hormone gene and altered the behavior from females to males. Collectively, we infer that Gambusia holbrooki retains potential for sex reversal at adulthood, similar to what occurs naturally in hermaphroditic fish and can provide an ideal system to investigate these mechanisms in a regulated fashion. Abstract 17α-Methyltestosterone (MT) is a synthetic steroid that has been widely used to masculinize many fish species when administered early during larval development, however, reports on its efficacy on adults is limited. To this end, this study investigated the efficacy of MT in the masculinization of the eastern mosquitofish (G. holbrooki) at two adult stages (maiden and repeat gravid females). The treated females were fed control or respective MT incorporated feed (0–200 mg/kg diet) for 50 days. Effects of the hormone on secondary sexual characteristics, internal gonad morphology, expression of the Anti-Müllerian Hormone (amh) gene and sexual behavior of the treated females were investigated. The results showed that MT at the dose of 50 mg/kg feed stimulated secondary sexual character development, upregulated expression of amh, formation of testicular tissue and a shift in the behavior similar to those of normal males, prominently so in treated maiden gravid females. Post-treatment, long-term observations indicated that only two masculinized females reverted back to being females and gave birth to young. Induction of masculinizing effects in most individuals suggests that the sexual phenotype of this species appears to be highly plastic with potential to sex reverse at adulthood. This in combination with its small size and short reproductive cycle could provide an ideal system to explore the mechanisms of sequential hermaphroditism in fish and contribute to genetic control of this pest fish.
A STUDY ON THEORYAND APPLICATION OF DIGITAL NATURAL SAMPLING BASED SPWM

A novel scheme of digital natural sampling based SPWM (sinusoidal PWM) is presented which is achieved by CPLD (complex programming logic device). This scheme is trusty and easily integrated as digital circuit, programmable as microprocessor, and rapid in response and with a precision as natural sampling SPWM. The digitization of sinusoidal modulation signals us(t) however, may cause a pulse width error in the SPWM output. A positive slope of us(t) makes the plus pulse width wider, and a negative one makes the minus pulse width wider. All these errors can be equivalent to adding an odd harmonic to the fundamental. There are some pulse competition in the digital natural sampling based SPWM. The study inchcates that the best error pulse width and the competition pulse width are proportional to the sampling period to us(t) and the modulation degree of SPWM; the number of competition pulse are dependent on the slop of us(t). A method for eliminating the competition pulses is presented. Satisfactory experiment results were obtained in a single-phase 4kVA voltage source inverter operating in 4-multiple SPWM.
Towards a tool mapping Organizational Readiness for Self-Directed Learning

Since there is a growing interest in applying SDL at the workplace, organizations are asking how they could successfully stimulate SDL behavior of their employees. The goal of this study was to design a tool which helps organizations to develop their organizational readiness for Self-Directed Learning (SDL). The tool provides insights in important organizational factors, creates awareness about the current level of performance, and provides handles to get started. In order to answer the overall research question, an educational design based research with a qualitative basis was conducted. During three iterative phases, different experts and professionals from different organizations were involved to contribute in exploration of factors, development and evaluation of the tool. In order to ensure quality in terms of this research process, all steps were evaluated and verified by means of an audit procedure. After repetition of these iterative phases, a final tool was developed which is tested into practice of three different teams. It appeared that respondents consider the developed tool as helpful for its purpose. It does provide a starting point, a baseline on how organizations currently perform and provides insights in possible areas of attention. However, if organizations want to become more ready for SDL, there is more needed than only the execution of this tool.
Synthesis and Characterization of Metallopolymer Networks Featuring Triple Shape-Memory Ability Based on Different Reversible Metal Complexes

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of metallopolymer networks with a triple shape-memory ability. A covalently crosslinked polymer network featuring two different additional ligands in its side chains is synthesized via free radical polymerization (FRP). The subsequent addition of different metal salts leads to the selective formation of complexes with two different association constants (Ka), proven via isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Those two supramolecular crosslinks feature different activation temperatures and can act as two individual switching units enabling the fixation and recovery of two temporary shapes. The presented samples were investigated in a detailed fashion via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and FT-Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, thermo-mechanical analyses (TMA) revealed excellent dual and triple shape-memory abilities of the presented metallopolymer networks.
Construal of Social Relationships in Online Consumer Reviews

ABSTRACT Online consumer reviews are known for influencing consumers toward a purchase decision. Reviews contain a variety of features (e.g., star ratings) that have motivated researchers to investigate features of a review leading consumers to accept and act upon the shared information. What is lacking in research are the social components between a consumer and reviewer that may spark a consumer to perceive a social closeness to a reviewer. The perceived social relationship between the consumer and the reviewer, we believe, influences the acceptance of information in a review. Using Construal Level Theory as a lens to examine the social psychological distance between consumers and reviewers, this study investigates this social relationship to determine how people process information in a review, thus impacting their acceptance of the information to form a purchase decision. Our findings suggest there is a significant role in this social relationship and the acceptance of information.
Perpetuation of Stigmatization of Minority Groups through Convergence of Content on Streaming and Social Media

<p class="Default"><strong><span>Introduction: </span></strong><span>This study aims to show the misrepresentation of minority groups, specifically widowed women (hereinafter referred to as <em>janda</em>) in the era of convergence of media content (television as well as streaming and social media) in Indonesia. Media as the fourth pillar of democracy are supposed to inform and represent everything in a balanced and fair manner, instead of favoring the interests of the majority. The question we attempt to answer is: how the misrepresentation of <em>janda</em> on converged media content (FTVs) in a patriarchal society? <strong></strong></span></p><p class="Default"><strong><span>Methods: </span></strong><span>This study applied feminist perspective in media convergence as well as the narrative analysis of Chatman. <strong></strong></span></p><p class="Default"><strong><span>Findings: </span></strong><span>In general, the results of the study show that the convergence has not been in favor of <em>janda</em>, indicating that internet technology does not only strengthen the gender-biased values of media industry person in massively distributing FTVs (via streaming and social media) that threaten minorities, but also ignores the opposing feedback from netizens. As a result, the minority groups are increasingly muted. Reproduction of labelling of <em>janda</em> is a strategy of media owners to obtain maximum profits. <strong></strong></span></p><strong><span>Originality: </span></strong><span>We noted many studies on <em>janda</em> conducted from various scientific perspectives. However, studies that observe the depiction of <em>janda</em> in the media convergence in the perspective of communication studies are scarce. This study provides a discussion on the representation of <em>janda</em> in the vortex of capitalism in media convergence as the major novelty in this line of study. </span>
“They Have to Combine the Future of the University and Their Own Future”: OpenCourseWare (OCW) Authoring as an Academic Practice in Spain

This study looks at OpenCourseWare (OCW) in Spain, a country where most public universities have tried to promote that particular model of open educational resources (OER) provision among academics. Using three universities with varying levels of OCW activity as a case study, this article examines key drivers behind the implementation of OCW initiatives and unpacks what it means, as an academic practice, to engage in OCW authoring. Following a qualitative case study approach and a multi-methods design, this study offers a basis for theoretical generalisations that can be useful for understanding similar dynamics taking place within different organisational contexts in Spain and beyond. The findings reveal a major disconnect between the drive to implement OCW initiatives in Spain and actual opportunities for academics to engage with them as part of their work. The author concludes that the extrapolation of a highly prescriptive model of OER provision into institutional realities different from the context where it was originally devised—in this case, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States—is rather problematic. The article also provides some recommendations to university leaders and policy makers, encouraging the creation of alternative models that are mindful of the institutional and cultural specificities of their own contexts and also to take into consideration the social and material realities of the communities they aim to provide with lifelong learning opportunities.
Modeling and Optimization of Hard Turning Operation on 41Cr4 Alloy Steel Using Response Surface Methodology

Product quality, productivity and organizational goodwill are often the major concern of every production or manufacturing unit. These criteria, more especially product quality, cannot readily and effectively be met through dependence on the skills of an operator. Hence, the need for optimization in order to identify the best process condition, derived from parametric combinations of process variables, for the manufacturing process. The work presented concerns an aspect of a series of hard turning experiments on 41Cr4 alloy structural steel conducted to model, predict and optimize the machining induced vibration, and the surface roughness as functions of the cutting speed, feed rate, and the tool nose radius. The response surface methodology, based on the central composite design of experiment is employed in the study, and analysis of the generated data performed with the aid of Design expert 9 software. A quadratic regression model was suggested as best fits for both the machining induced vibration and surface roughness data. These were confirmed by analyses of variance, which also revealed the tool nose radius and cutting speed, as well as the feed rate and cutting speed to be important factors that determine changes in the machining induced vibration and surface roughness, respectively. The optimum setting of the tool nose radius at 1.72301 mm, feed rate at 0.15 mm/rev, and the cutting speed at 311.075 rev/min minimized the machining induced vibration to a value of 0.08 mm/min2 and the surface roughness to a value of 4.74 µmm.
Impact on composite structures

The problem of impact damage in laminated composite structures, and the consequent reduction in residual strength, has been a topic of continual research for over two decades. The number of journal papers on the subject now runs into four figures and most have been conscientiously reviewed by Abrate(1991, 1994, 1998). This review is not intended to be in the academic tradition, with emphasis on acknowledging the authorship of all the various research initiatives. Instead we present our opinions so that the reader can appreciate our current understanding of the problem, our capability of predicting by analysis, and the scope of the design tools for avoiding structural damage, or at least designing damage tolerant aerospace structures.
PRAME Expression as Helpful Immunohistochemical Marker in Rhabdoid Melanoma

Background: Rhabdoid melanoma is a rare variant of malignant melanoma with characteristic cytomorphologic features. Due to the potential loss of conventional melanocytic markers, histopathologic diagnosis is often challenging. We hypothesize that immunostaining for PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma (PRAME) might have the potential to uncover the melanocytic origin of these dedifferentiated tumors. Methods: Four cases of rhabdoid primary melanomas were assessed by immunohistochemistry for expression of PRAME and conventional melanocytic markers. Immunohistochemical expression patterns were analyzed in the rhabdoid primaries and, if available, associated metastases. Results: All four cases of rhabdoid primary melanomas showed a strong nuclear positivity for PRAME, while the expression of conventional melanocytic markers S100, MART-1, SOX-10 and HMB-45 was variable between the analyzed cases. Conclusions: In summary, we report four cases of rhabdoid primary melanoma with high to intermediate expression of PRAME despite the partial and variable loss of other melanocytic markers. Hence, PRAME might facilitate the recognition of this highly aggressive entity to avoid misdiagnosis due to histopathologic pitfalls.
A Comparative Study on the Aerobic Biodegradation of the Biopolymer Blends of Poly(butylene succinate), Poly(butylene adipate terephthalate) and Poly(lactic acid)

The aim of the present work is to evaluate the rate and mechanisms of the aerobic biodegradation of biopolymer blends under controlled composting conditions using the CO2 evolution respirometric method. The biopolymer blends of poly (butylene adipate terephthalate) (PBAT) blended with poly (lactic acid) (PLA), and PBAT blended with poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) by melt extrusion, were tested to evaluate the amount of carbon mineralized under home and industrial composting conditions. The changes in the structural, chemical, thermal and morphological characteristics of the biopolymer blends before and after biodegradation were investigated by FT-IR, DSC, TGA, XRD and SEM. Both blends showed higher degradation rates under industrial composting conditions, when compared to home composting conditions. This was confirmed by FT-IR analysis showing an increase in the intensity of hydroxyl and carbonyl absorption bands. SEM revealed that there was microbial colony formation and disintegration on the surfaces of the biopolymer blends. The obtained results suggest that industrial composting conditions are the most suitable for an enhanced biodegradation of the biopolymer blends viz PBAT–PBS and PBAT–PLA.
A Biosocial Case Evaluation of Wood Biomass Availability Using Silvicultural Simulations and Owner Intentions on Family Forests in Virginia and North Carolina

Interest in wood-based bio-energy systems in the United States is increasing and may play a part in future renewable energy initiatives (Dincer 2000). Family forests have potential to play an important role in supplying wood biomass for energy production. However, access depends mostly on the management intentions among family forest owners. Enhanced biomass markets in regions where family forest ownership dominates could increase productivity by reinvigorating the low-value merchandizing required to accomplish silvicultural objectives. Given diverse owner objectives and forest types on family forests, estimates of biomass availability must include both biophysical and social aspects of procurable feedstock. This thesis chronicles a biosocial case study that estimates potential biomass supply from 51 family forests in Virginia and North Carolina. The study occurred within a woodshed centered on the future site of an impending ethanol plant in Mecklenburg County, Virginia. A survey instrument using the theory of planned behavior was used to measure ownership characteristics and intention to harvest. Forest attributes were collected during property visits to estimate potential yields resulting from silvicultural simulations.
Team Teaching In An Integrated Freshman Engineering Curriculum

An integrated freshman engineering curriculum called IMPEC (for Integrated Mathematics, Physics, Engineering, and Chemistry Curriculum) is currently being pilot-tested at North Carolina State University under the sponsorship of the NSF SUCCEED Coalition. In each semester, the students take a calculus course, a science course (chemistry in the first semester, physics in the second), and a one-credit engineering course. The goals of the curriculum are to provide (1) motivation and context for the fundamental material taught in the first-year mathematics and science courses; (2) a realistic and positive orientation to the engineering profession, and (3) training in the problem-solving, study, and communication skills that correlate with success in engineering school and equip individuals to be lifelong learners.