Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depressed skull fracture: Prognosis of patients after conservative or surgical management

Introduction: The fracture of skull is considered as severe injury and have grave prognosis. It is mainly because of complications of the acute head injury affect the brain directly or indirectly. Compound depressed fractures are surgical emergencies and unless treated promptly and properly complications like meningitis, cerebral abscess and osteomyelitis of skull may occur. Objectives: to determine the causes of depressed fracture skull and its complications and also to find out various presentation and severity of depressed skull fracture and effective modality of management. Materials and Methods: A prospective study undertaken at department of surgery in coordination with emergency department. Detailed inquiry was done about history of demographic data, presenting symptoms and other diseases done. General, central nervous system examination, other systems examination and local examination were done thoroughly and documented. Patients were treated according conservatively and operatively as per decision taken by surgeon. Results: Out of total 100 patients, assault (43%) was most common, followed by vehicular accident (41%), fall of patients (15%) and fall of object on the patients (1%). Patients with severe head injury (GCS<8) were 16 with 7 death after management. Among 94 cases of compound fractures, 34 cases frontal region, 6 had temporal, 9 had fronto-parietal, 25 had parietal, 15 had temporo-parietal and 6 had occipital fracture. Dura tear was seen in 21% of the cases. Among total 100 patients 44 treated operatively and 56 treated conservatively. Conclusion: Conservative management is better in patients with CT scan suggestive of depressed skull fracture nor more than 10 mm and not intracranial hematoma. Patients with depressed skull fracture with more than 10 mm with severe head injury and associate hematoma are better managed operatively.
GC-MS analysis and antimicrobial activity of alkaloid extract from Genista vuralii

In the present study, the alkaloid composition of the aerial parts of Genista vuralii A. Duran & H. Dural (Fabaceae) was investigated by capillary GC-MS. Ten quinolizidine alkaloids were identified by capillary GC-MS, namely, N-methylcytisine, cytisine, tetrahydrorhombifoline, 17-oxosparteine, 5,6-dehydrolupanine, lupanine, 17-oxolupanine, anagyrine, baptifoline, and 13α-tigloyloxylupanine. Among them, anagyrine (93.04%) was the most abundant alkaloid. Furthermore, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the alkaloid extract of G. vuralii were tested against standard strains of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) as well as fungi (Candida albicans, Candida krusei). The alkaloid extract of G. vuralii presented good activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis, and C. krusei, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 62.5 μg/mL. The remaining MIC values were found to range between 125 and 500 μg/mL. To the best of our knowledge, the current work is the first to report the alkaloid profile and antimicrobial activity of G. vuralii L. growing in Turkey.
English Foreign Language Students’ Strategies in Overcoming Speaking Problems

This study aimed at knowing students’ dominant problems in speaking and students’ strategies in overcoming their speaking problems. In this study the researcher used qualitative research. The subject of this study was the students’ of the second semester of physics education study program at Hamzanwadi University which consisted of 12 students’. Observation, interview and questionnaire were used for collecting data. The result of this study showed that students’ got the problems in speaking, the students’ dominant problems those were anxiety of speaking, unavailability environment and lack of vocabularies. In solving the students’ problem in speaking, the students’ used some strategies those were role-play, telling-story and games.
Studies on Genetic Characteristic of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The considerable amount of genetic variability was exhibited among the accessions of local collection obtained from natural habitat of Eastern U. P. (India) under the UPCAR project. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for total number of grains per panicle, filled grains per panicle, number of effective tillers, leaf width and grain yield per plant. Positive and significant association was recorded by days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, leaf length, leaf width, filled grains per panicle and total number of grains per panicle among themselves and also with grain yield per plant at genotypic and phenotypic levels. Days to maturity, plant height, number of filled grains per panicle and test weight exhibited positive direct effect both at genotypic and phenotypic levels.
Drying Characteristics of Dracocephalum moldavica Leaves: Drying Kinetics and Physicochemical Properties

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the method and temperature of the sublimation, vacuum and convective drying process on the kinetics of dehydration of the Moldovan dragonhead leaves, as well as on the physical and chemical properties, such as color coordinates, total content of phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, total monomeric anthocyanins content, total flavonoids content and content of essential oils. It was shown that the kinetics of the sublimation and vacuum drying process are best described by the logarithmic and Page models. Sublimation and vacuum drying were characterized by comparable process times. An increase in drying temperature caused a decrease in the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of the dried material and a significant change in the composition of essential oils. The lowest brightness of the dried material and the lowest color saturation was found after sublimation drying at 20 °C. The highest dried material quality was found in case of convective and sublimation drying at 20 °C.
Comparing Teaching and Social Presence in Traditional and Online Community College Learning Environments

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine if a difference existed in students’ perceptions of teaching presence and social presence between the online and traditional face-to-face learning environments as defined by the Community of Inquiry (CoI) survey. A quantitative causal-comparative study design was used to survey students at a Midwest community college in the United States who had completed College 101 online or face-to-face. A total of 183 students completed the survey. The findings support prior research that an equally strong teaching presence and social presence can be achieved in the online learning environment. Practical implications and recommendations for future research are addressed.
The predictable chaos of slow earthquakes

Slow earthquakes result from deterministic chaos and show predictability horizon time of the order of days to weeks. Slow earthquakes, like regular earthquakes, result from unstable frictional slip. They produce little slip and can therefore repeat frequently. We assess their predictability using the slip history of the Cascadia subduction between 2007 and 2017, during which slow earthquakes have repeatedly ruptured multiple segments. We characterize the system dynamics using embedding theory and extreme value theory. The analysis reveals a low-dimensional (<5) nonlinear chaotic system rather than a stochastic system. We calculate properties of the underlying attractor like its correlation and instantaneous dimension, instantaneous persistence, and metric entropy. We infer that the system has a predictability horizon of the order of days weeks. For the better resolved segments, the onset of large slip events can be correctly forecasted by high values of the instantaneous dimension. Longer-term deterministic prediction seems intrinsically impossible. Regular earthquakes might similarly be predictable but with a limited predictable horizon of the order of their durations.
A broad-selective enzyme immunoassay for non-invasive stress assessment in African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) held in captivity

We applied a direct competitive immunoassay for measuring corticosterone and glucocorticoid metabolites in faeces (FGMs) as a non-invasive tool for monitoring the stress response of African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) held in captivity in a zoological facility. The developed assay, validated in-house, proved to be rapid (the test could be completed in 90 minutes), sensitive (LOD for corticosterone 0.2 μg l−1, dynamic range 0.75–75 μg l−1) and broad-selective, as it cross-reacted with the major corticosteroids, thus allowing the detection of excreted FGMs resulting from a biological stressor. Matrix interference, due to components of faecal samples, was overcome by diluting sample extracts (1 + 4 or 1 + 9, depending on the sample). The assay enabled us to investigate the response to stress in five animals – three adult males and two adult females – over a period of 30 hours, and to identify the peak of FGM production as being 7–10 hours after the stressful event.
Enhancing Performance of Gabriel Graph-Based Classifiers by a Hardware Co-Processor for Embedded System Applications

It is well known that there is an increasing interest in edge computing to reduce the distance between cloud and end devices, especially for machine learning (ML) methods. However, when related to latency-sensitive applications, little work can be found in ML literature on suitable embedded systems implementations. This article presents new ways to implement the decision rule of a large margin classifier based on Gabriel graphs as well as an efficient implementation of this on an embedded system. The proposed approach uses the nearest neighbor method as the decision rule, and the implementation starts from an RTL pipeline architecture developed for binary large margin classifiers and proposes the integration in a hardware/software co-design. Results showed that the proposed approach was statistically similar to the classifier and had a speedup factor of up to eight times compared to the classifier executed in software, with performance suitable for ML latency-sensitive applications.
Good radicals? Trajectories of pro-Kurdish political and militant mobilisation to the wars in Syria, Turkey and Iraq

ABSTRACT This article explores the interrelation of volunteering, violence and ideology by studying the pro-Kurdish political and militant mobilisation to the wars in Syria, Turkey and Iraq. Focusing especially on the trajectories, motives and reflections of foreign volunteers in different Kurdish militant groups, I argue that ideology is neither a precondition nor a necessary reason for mobilisation to an armed group. In many cases, it is the other way around, as mobilisation to violence is often the source of ideological conviction.
How do different laboratory environments influence students’ attitudes toward science courses and laboratories?

Abstract The science learning environment is an important factor in students’ attitudes toward their science experiences in school, as well as toward science courses. This study compares how learning in different laboratory environments (hands-on or virtual) influences these attitudes for middle school (7th grade) students. Participants were 143 seventh-grade students from a public school. They were enrolled in four different seventh-grade science classes, all taught by a single teacher. Pretest and post-test responses were compared to investigate participants’ attitudes toward different forms of laboratories and toward science courses. Data were gathered by giving students an attitude questionnaire (pretest and post-test) and by conducting interviews (post-test). Findings revealed that laboratory experiences have a strong impact on middle school students’ attitudes toward science; after working with the laboratory environment (either hands-on, virtual, or in a combination) students had a more positive attitude toward science. Data based on the questionnaire revealed no differences in attitudinal improvement between hands-on, virtual, or combinations of these labs, although descriptive data suggested that virtual labs are more effective for attitude change than hands-on labs. This may be linked to students’ overall, but slight, preference for virtual laboratories over hands-on laboratories, as became apparent from the interviews.
Soundscape of a Narwhal Summering Ground in a Glacier Fjord (Inglefield Bredning, Greenland)

Narwhal acoustic phonation is embedded in the icy cacophony of one of the noisiest soundscapes in the ocean. The high susceptibility of the narwhal to climate change highlights the need for further efforts to document baseline descriptions of the sounds it produces, especially given the potential anthropogenic impacts on their habitats. However, observations are rare, and narwhal acoustic behavior and habitats are poorly understood (attributed to both the skittish nature of hard-to-approach narwhals and the difficult access to remote and often dangerous glacier fjords). Here, we provide acoustic measurements in a narwhal summering ground in glacial fjords in Northwest Greenland that were mainly collected during Inuit hunting expeditions. This unique observational strategy near a key narwhal hot spot allowed the acquisition of supervised near-source recordings of narwhal vocalizations, which confirms the animal's presence within several hundred meters of an actively calving Bowdoin Glacier. We accurately describe the acoustic signals and noise related to the cetacean, environmental, and anthropogenic sources, show previously unreported signals and their properties, report elevated background noise levels near the calving front, and discuss the general soundscape features of a glacier fjord. The baseline information presented here should encourage long-term follow-up acoustic monitoring in the area and provides an important reference for comparisons with future conditions and other regions. We also anticipate that our work will be a starting point both for the development of criteria to distinguish pulsed calls from terminal buzzes and for a thorough discussion of the dual use of passive acoustic monitoring in traditional hunting practices.
Competing Females and Caring Males. Polyandry and Sex-Role Reversal in African Black Coucals, Centropus grillii

Most species of birds show bi-parental or female-only care. However, a minority of species is polyandrous and expresses male-only care. So far, such reversals in sex roles have been demonstrated only in precocial bird species, but there was suggestive evidence that such a mating system may occur in one altricial bird species, the black coucal, Centropus grillii. In a field study in Tanzania we investigated whether black coucals are sex-role reversed and polyandrous. We found that males were mated to one female, rarely vocalized and provided all parental care from incubation of eggs to feeding of young. In contrast, female black coucals were about 69% heavier and 39% larger than males and polyandrous. They spent a large proportion of time calling from conspicuous perches, defended breeding territories, did not help in provisioning young and had a higher potential reproductive rate than males. We conclude that the black coucal currently represents the only altricial bird species with sole male parental care and a classical polyandrous mating system. High nest predation pressure and small territory sizes due to high food abundance may have been important factors in the evolution of sex-role reversal and polyandry in this species.
Life History Consequences of Variation in Age of Primiparity in Bighorn Ewes

We investigated the life history consequences of age at primiparity in two marked populations of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), studied for 19 and 12 yr. Some ewes first lambed at 2 yr of age, others at 3 or 4 yr. Lambs of 2-yr-old ewes were smaller and less viable than lambs of older ewes. Lactation at 2 yr did not affect survival to 3 yr, but in one population it was associated with reduced survival from 3 to 4 yr. Two yr olds that weaned lambs gained less mass during summer than other 2 yr olds. Overwinter mass loss from 2 to 3 yr was correlated with autumn body mass, and was lower for parous than for nonporous ewes. Reproductive success at 3 yr was independent of reproductive status at 2 yr. At 4 yr, ewes that lactated as 2 yr olds were smaller than ewes that had not lactated as 2 yr olds. In one population, negative effects of early maturation upon mass gain and subsequent reproductive success became evident at high density, and very few 2 yr olds lambed when population density was high. The lifetime reproductive success of early- maturing ewes was not lower than that of late-maturing ewes. To account for individual variation in initial reproductive potential, we controlled body mass as a yearling, a variable that affected reproductive success. Mass as a yearling, however, did not interact with age of primiparity to affect survival, growth, or reproductive success. Uncertainties about re- source availability and possible effects of genotype and body fat may explain why many ewes postponed their first reproduction despite apparently low life history costs of early maturation.
Perceptions of the Effect of an EAP Course on English Self-efficacy and English Proficiency: Voices of International Students in China

The English language has become an essential means for communication and studies for international students globally. With the increasing number of international students trooping to China to study diverse courses which are taught in the English medium, there is a need to address challenges faced by international students from non-native English speaking countries. The study adopted an embedded mixed-method approach where face-to-face interviews and focus group discussions were conducted on freshmen international students taking English for Academic Purposes (EAP) in a specific faculty of a university in China. The interviews were supplemented by the Questionnaire of English Self-Efficacy (QESE) to measure their perceived English self-efficacy after the course. An online questionnaire on English Course Evaluation (ECE) was used to measure the students’ assessment of the course. The findings of the study offer insights into the effect of the intervention, challenges faced by students during the course, and suggestions on things to consider during the implementation of English courses for non-native English students in the future.
Validation of age and growth in a long-lived temperate reef fish using otolith structure, oxytetracycline and bomb radiocarbon methods

Generating age estimates for long-lived fish requires particular attention to validation because they are usually difficult to age owing to narrow increment structure. A robust validation of the accuracy and precision of banded morwong, Cheilodactylus spectabilis, sampled from Tasmanian waters, was undertaken. Age at the first enumerated increment was established from analysis of juvenile cohorts, and the timing and periodicity of increment formation was established using a quantitative model from oxytetracycline (OTC) mark-recaptures at liberty for periods of up to 8 years. The accuracy of age estimates was examined independently by comparing radiocarbon values in the otolith region corresponding to the first year of growth against the south-western Pacific calibration curve. C. spectabilis is very long-lived, with males and females living to over 90 years of age. Growth modelling revealed a fast initial growth phase, terminating in an abrupt plateau near the asymptotic length. This species displays substantial sexual dimorphism in growth, with males growing to larger sizes than females.
Influence of Structural Damping Uncertainty on Damping Reduction Factor

ABSTRACT In practice, elastic response spectra are generally obtained by utilizing the 5% value for the damping ratio. The Damping Reduction Factor (DRF) allows to account for higher damping values. As proved by many literature studies, the DRF mainly depends on the structural damping ratio, until now essentially treated in a deterministic way. In this framework, the main aim of the present study is to explore a new definition of DRF including the effects of probabilistic uncertainties. Uncertainty is incorporated in both the random process, adopted to model the dynamic input, and the damping coefficient, introduced in the analysis as an uncertain variable.
Chemical analysis of Louisiana pollen and colony conditions during a year.

SUMMARY Nineteen amino acids were present in pollen collected by honey bees, Apis mellifera L. , in Louisiana throughout a year. Proline, lysine, glycine, and phenylalanine showed considerable variation throughout the year. The correlations for square centimeters of brood, volume of pollen collected, square centimeters of stored pollen, and amino acids present in the pollen were relatively high.
Study on knowledge, attitude and practice about breast feeding and complementary feeding among the mothers attending health camp

Background: Malnutrition among under 5 children is a major public health concern in India, sub-optimal feeding and inadequate knowledge of mothers on optimal child feeding practice not only increases the risk of infections and malnutrition but also considered as an important determinant of under-5 children mortality. Objective: Assess knowledge, attitude and practice on breastfeeding, and complementary feeding among mothers with the children under-2 years of age attending the health camp.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all the mothers with the children under 2 years of age attending the health camp at Shri B. M. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Vijayapura. A verbal consent was taken and pre structured questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitude and practice on breastfeeding and complementary feeding in the mother attending the health camp.Results: In the present study, only 42.1% of the mothers had practiced early initiation breastfeeding and only 38.3% of mothers had practice exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months. 36% of the mothers had given prelactial feeds, 62.8% of mothers had fed their children with colostrum and timely initiation of complementary feeding was practiced only among 18.2% of mothers.Conclusions: This study shows inadequate knowledge among mothers regarding infant and young child feeding methods and faulty child feeding practices were followed by mothers.