Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Elbow Trauma in the Pediatric Population

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had significant effects on children's daily activities. Changes in the patterns of pediatric trauma injuries were inevitable. Therefore, we aimed to identify the effects of lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic on the etiology and epidemiology of pediatric elbow injuries.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on pediatric patients admitted to the emergency room with elbow trauma during the first 3 months of the pandemic (11th, March, 2020 to 11th, June, 2020) and for the same periods in 2019 and 2018. Age, sex, etiology and type of injury (distal part of humerus, proximal radius and ulna, nursemaid's elbow and soft tissue injuries) were analyzed and compared between the periods.RESULTS: A total of 152 patients, 61 in 2018, 56 in 2019 and 35 in 2020 were included. There were 42.7% and 37.5% decreases in the number of patients during the pandemic compared to 2018 and 2019, respectively. A younger age group was more commonly affected during the pandemic (p=0.01). The most common type of injury was supracondylar humerus fracture followed by soft tissue injury in both periods, before and during the pandemic. During the pandemic, the rates of injuries at home, in the playground and by vehicles (car, bicycle, scooter) increased while outside injury decreased significantly (50.4%, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic caused a decline in the frequency of pediatric elbow injuries but the increase in injuries at home and vehicle accidents have shown the necessity for health-care to be prepared for these specific conditions.
Subsidence and capillary effects in chalks

Based on the concepts of the mechanics of unsaturated soils where capillary phenomena arise between the wetting fluid (water) and the non-wetting one (air), the subsidence of chalks containing oil (non-wetting fluid) during water injection (wetting fluid) is analysed. It is shown that the collapse phenomenon of unsaturated soils under wetting provides a physical explanation and a satisfactory prediction of the order of magnitude of the subsidence of the chalk. The use of a well established constitutive model for unsaturated soils allows a description of the hydro-mechanical history of the chalk, from its deposition to the oil exploitation.
Three-Dimensional Bearing-Only Target Following via Observability-Enhanced Helical Guidance

This paper studies the problem of air-to-air target following of micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) motivated by the application of defense against malicious MAVs. When the bearing of the target MAV has been measured by the onboard visual sensor of the pursuer MAV, the problem becomes three-dimensional (3-D) bearing-only target following, which has been rarely studied in the literature and faces some unique challenges. To solve this problem, we propose the following novel results. First, to estimate the motion of the target MAV from 3-D bearing measurements, we propose a new pseudo-linear Kalman filter, which has a concise expression and superior stability compared to the classic ones such as the extended Kalman filter and modified polar coordinate filter. Second, we propose a novel approach to analyze the observability of state estimation when only bearing information is available. While the existing approaches are applicable to 2-D and single-step time-horizon cases, ours can handle more general 3-D and multiple-step time-horizon cases. Third, based on the theoretical conclusion of our observability analysis, we design a new 3-D helical guidance law that can better exploit the additional degree of freedom in 3D. The guidance law is adapted to the quadcopter's dynamics and a low-level flight controller is designed based on geometric control. Numerical simulation results verify the superior performance of the proposed algorithms compared to the state-of-the-art ones. Flight experiments on real quadrotor platforms further show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithms in practice.
Effect of pH and temperature on antioxidant enzymes activities in Morinda
citrifolia L. (Mengkudu) leaves extract

Morinda citrifolia L. (Mengkudu) leaf is not well-known for its benefits compared to M. citrifolia fruit. It can be considered a good source in healing disease and anti-cancer properties due to the high content of antioxidant enzymes. The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidative activities of M. citrifolia leaves extracted at different pH (pH 3 to pH 9) and temperatures (20°C to 80°C), based on four types of antioxidant enzymes test, namely catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Another analytical test is the protein determination of M. citrifolia leaves using Bovine Serum Albumin as standard. All of the tests were conducted using spectroscopy methods. Catalase (CAT) activity was monitored by reduction of absorbance due to the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase (POD) activity was observed by an increment of absorbance caused by the oxidation of 4-methylcatechol by hydrogen peroxide. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was monitored by an increment of absorbance due to the oxidation of 4-methylcatechol and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was determined using the NBT-based method, which monitors the amount of enzyme causing 50% inhibition of photochemical reduction of NBT. Results indicated that CAT activity and POD activity were significantly highest (p<0.05) at pH6, 0.51 U/mg for CAT, 2.58 U/mg for POD, while SOD activity was significantly higher at pH7, 0.47 U/ mg. However, no significant difference (p>0.05) was observed for PPO activity in pH treatment. For different temperature treatments, CAT activity was significantly highest (p<0.05) at 50°C, 0.36 U/mg, while PPO activity and SOD activity were found to be significantly highest (p<0.05) at 30°C, 0.64 U/mg for PPO and 0.43 U/mg for SOD. However, all-temperature treatments given did not significantly affect POD activity. Morinda citrifolia leaves have a good antioxidant potential and can be practised in the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress.
Testing constrained sequential dominance models of neutrinos

Constrained sequential dominance (CSD) is a natural framework for implementing the see-saw mechanism of neutrino masses which allows the mixing angles and phases to be accurately predicted in terms of relatively few input parameters. We analyze a class of CSD(n) models where, in the flavour basis, two right-handed neutrinos are dominantly responsible for the 'atmospheric' and 'solar' neutrino masses with Yukawa couplings to $({\nu }_{e},{\nu }_{\mu },{\nu }_{\tau })$ proportional to $(0,1,1)$ and $(1,n,n-2),$ respectively, where n is a positive integer. These coupling patterns may arise in indirect family symmetry models based on A 4. With two right-handed neutrinos, using a χ 2 test, we find a good agreement with data for CSD(3) and CSD(4) where the entire Pontecorvo–Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata mixing matrix is controlled by a single phase η, which takes simple values, leading to accurate predictions for mixing angles and the magnitude of the oscillation phase $| {\delta }_{\mathrm{CP}}| . $ We carefully study the perturbing effect of a third 'decoupled' right-handed neutrino, leading to a bound on the lightest physical neutrino mass ${m}_{1}{\rm{\lesssim }}1$ meV for the viable cases, corresponding to a normal neutrino mass hierarchy. We also discuss a direct link between the oscillation phase ${\delta }_{\mathrm{CP}}$ and leptogenesis in CSD(n) due to the same see-saw phase η appearing in both the neutrino mass matrix and leptogenesis.
Bi-Lipschitz geometry of contact orbits in the boundary of the nice dimensions

Mather proved that the smooth stability of smooth maps between manifolds is a generic condition if and only if the pair of dimensions of the manifolds are 'nice dimensions' while topologically stability is a generic condition in any pair of dimensions. And, by a result of du Plessis and Wall $C^1$-stability is also a generic condition precisely in the nice dimensions. We address the question of bi-Lipschitz stability in this article. We prove that the Thom-Mather stratification is bi-Lipschitz contact invariant in the boundary of the nice dimensions. This is done in two steps: first we explicitly write the contact unimodular strata in every pair of dimensions lying in the boundary of the nice dimensions and second we construct bi-Lipschitz vector fields whose flow provide the bi-Lipschitz contact trivialization in each of the cases.
Unitary and Renormalizable Theory of Higher Derivative Gravity

In 3+1 space-time dimensions, fourth order derivative gravity is perturbatively renormalizable. Here it is shown that it describes a unitary theory of gravitons (with/without an additional scalar) in a limited coupling parameter space which includes standard cosmology. The running of gravitational constant which includes contribution of graviton is computed. It is shown that generically Newton's constant vanishes at short distance in this perturbatively renormalizable and unitary theory.
STELLAR POPULATIONS OF ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES IN THE LOCAL UNIVERSE

We study the stellar populations of 1923 elliptical galaxies at z < 0.05 selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey as a function of velocity dispersion, σ, and environment. Our sample constitutes among the largest high-fidelity samples of elliptical galaxies with uniform imaging and optical spectroscopy assembled to date. Confirming previous studies, we find that elliptical galaxies dominate at high luminosities (≳L*), and that the highest-σ ellipticals favor high-density environments. We construct average, high signal-to-noise spectra in bins of σ and environment and find the following: (1) lower-σ galaxies have a bluer optical continuum and stronger (but still weak) emission lines; (2) at fixed σ, field ellipticals have a slightly bluer stellar continuum, especially at wavelengths ≲4000 Å, and have stronger (but still weak) emission lines compared with their group counterparts, although this environmental dependence is strongest for low-σ ellipticals and the highest-σ ellipticals are much less affected. Based on Lick indices measured from both the individual and average spectra, we find that (1) at a given σ, elliptical galaxies in groups have systematically weaker Balmer absorption than their field counterparts, although this environmental dependence is most pronounced at low σ; (2) there is no clear environmental dependence of 〈Fe〉, while the α-element absorption indices such as Mg b are only slightly stronger in galaxies belonging to rich groups. An analysis based on simple stellar populations (SSPs) reveals that more massive elliptical galaxies are older, more metal-rich, and more strongly α-enhanced. We also find that (1) the SSP-equivalent ages of galaxies in rich groups are, on average, ∼1 Gyr older than in the field, although once again this effect is strongest at low σ; (2) galaxies in rich groups have slightly lower [Fe/H] and are marginally more strongly α-enhanced; and (3) there is no significant environmental dependence of total metallicity, [Z/H]. Our results are generally consistent with stronger low-level recent star formation in field ellipticals at low σ, similar to recent results based on ultraviolet and infrared observations. We conclude with a brief discussion of our results in the context of recent theoretical models of elliptical galaxy formation.
The morphological transformation of red sequence galaxies in the distant cluster XMMU J1229+0151

We present the results of a detailed analysis of galaxy properties along the red sequence in XMMU J1229+0151, an X-ray selected cluster at $z=0.98$ drawn from the HAWK-I Cluster Survey (HCS). Taking advantage of the broad photometric coverage and the availability of 77 spectra in the cluster field, we fit synthetic spectral energy distributions, and estimate stellar masses and photometric redshifts, which we use to determine the cluster membership. We investigate morphological and structural properties of red sequence galaxies and find that elliptical galaxies populate the bright end, while S0 galaxies represent the predominant population at intermediate luminosities, with their fraction decreasing at fainter magnitudes. A comparison with the low-redshift sample of the WINGS cluster survey reveals that at $z\sim1$ the bright end of the red sequence of XMMU J1229+0151 is richer in S0 galaxies. The faint end of the red sequence in XMMUJ1229+0151 appears rich in disc-dominated galaxies, which are rarer in the low redshift comparison sample at the same luminosities. Despite these differences between the morphological composition of the red sequence in XMMUJ1229+0151 and in low redshift samples, we find that to within the uncertainties, no such difference exists in the ratio of luminous to faint galaxies along the red sequence.
Turbulent cross-field transport of non-thermal electrons in coronal loops: theory and observations

Context. A fundamental problem in astrophysics is the interaction between magnetic turbulence and charged particles. It is now possible to use Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) observations of hard X-rays (HXR) emitted by electrons to identify the presence of turbulence and to estimate the magnitude of the magnetic field line diffusion coefficient at least in dense coronal flaring loops. Aims. We discuss the various possible regimes of cross-field transport of non-thermal electrons resulting from broadband magnetic turbulence in coronal loops. The importance of the Kubo number K as a governing parameter is emphasized and results applicable in both the large and small Kubo number limits are collected. Methods. Generic models, based on concepts and insights developed in the statistical theory of transport, are applied to the coronal loops and to the interpretation of hard X-ray imaging data in solar flares. The role of trapping effects, which become important in the non-linear regime of transport, is taken into account in the interpretation of the data. Results. For this flaring solar loop, we constrain the ranges of parallel and perpendicular correlation lengths of turbulent magnetic fields and possible Kubo numbers. We show that a substantial amount of magnetic fluctuations with energy ∼1% (or more) of the background field can be inferred from the measurements of the magnetic diffusion coefficient inside thick-target coronal loops.
Clinicopathological Correlation of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: A Retrospective Study

The pathophysiology of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is largely unknown. Although pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is potentially curative, inoperable patients and persistent pulmonary hypertension (PH) following surgery remain a significant problem. In this study, we aim to describe the histopathological characteristics of CTEPH and explore the potential relationship between pulmonary arterial lesions, radiological parameters, and clinical manifestations. Endarterectomized tissues from 81 consecutive patients of CTEPH were carefully collected, sectioned, and examined by experienced pathologists. Pertinent clinical and radiological data were obtained from medical records and operative reports. Neointima, fresh/organized thrombi, recanalized regions, and atherosclerotic lesions were microscopically examined as previously described. Thrombi and atherosclerosis were dominant in UCSD classification level I PEA materials, while recanalized neo-vessels were more frequently observed in UCSD classification level III cases. Degenerative changes of the extracellular matrix were also noticed in the vascular bed. Atherosclerotic lesions were more frequently observed in cases with higher ratio of the pulmonary artery diameter to ascending aorta diameter (PA/AA) reflected by computed tomographic pulmonary arterial scanning. Furthermore, the removal of pulmonary artery complex lesions (with the combination of three to four types of lesions) by PEA was associated with lower postoperative mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and decreased incidences of persistent PH. Our study demonstrates that the histopathological features of CTEPH are strongly linked with clinical manifestations and the postoperative outcome after PEA. These data may provide possible evidence for further studies in searching for appropriate causal factors underlying this disease.
The Independence of Neutral and Ionized Gas Outflows in Low-z Galaxies

Using a large sample of emission line galaxies selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we investigate the kinematics of the neutral gas in the interstellar medium (ISM) based on the Na i λλ5890,5896 (Na D) doublet absorption line. By removing the Na D contribution from stellar atmospheres, we isolate the line profile of the Na D excess, which represents the neutral gas in the ISM. The kinematics traced by the Na D excess show high velocity and velocity dispersion for a fraction of galaxies, indicating the presence of neutral gas outflows. We find that the kinematics measured from the Na D excess are similar between AGNs and star-forming galaxies. Moreover, by comparing the kinematics traced by the Na D excess and those by the [O iii] λ5007 line taken from Woo et al., which traces ionized outflows driven by AGNs, we find no correlation between them. These results demonstrate that the neutral gas in the ISM traced by the Na D excess and the ionized gas traced by [O iii] are kinematically independent, and AGNs have no impact on the neutral gas outflows. In contrast to [O iii], we find that the measured line-of-sight velocity shift and velocity dispersion of the Na D excess increase for more face-on galaxies due to the projection effect, supporting that Na D outflows are radially driven (i.e., perpendicular to the major axis of galaxies), presumably due to star formation.
Generating urban morphologies at large scales

At large scales, typologies of urban form and corresponding generating processes remain an open question with important implications regarding urban planning policies and sustainability. We propose in this paper to generate urban configurations at large scales, typically of districts, with morphogenesis models, and compare these to real configurations according to morphological indicators. Real values are computed on a large sample of districts taken in European urban areas. We calibrate each model and show their complementarity to approach the variety of real urban configurations, paving the way to multi-model approaches of urban morphogenesis.
More on the Tensor Response of the QCD Vacuum to an External Magnetic Field

In this Letter we discuss a few issues concerning the magnetic susceptibility of the quark condensate and the Son-Yamamoto (SY) anomaly matching equation. It is shown that the SY relation in the IR implies a nontrivial interplay between the kinetic and WZW terms in the chiral Lagrangian. It is also demonstrated that in a holographic framework an external magnetic field triggers mixing between scalar and tensor fields. Accounting for this, one may calculate the magnetic susceptibility of the quark condensate to all orders in the magnetic field.
Performance of Sequentially Bilateral Cochlear Implanted Children Who Speak Mandarin

Introduction: Cochlear implantation is an effective treatment for children with deafness. Although the binaural effect of bilateral cochlear implantation on sound localization and speech perception in noisy environments has been demonstrated, the outcome and performance predictors of the second cochlear implant (CI2) remain uncertain for patients receiving sequential implantation. This study evaluated the hearing performance between the first cochlear implant (CI1), CI2, and bilateral cochlear implants (CI1+2) among children with sequential bilateral cochlear implantation. Methods: This single-center retrospective study enrolled 14 children and adolescents aged 8–18 years who underwent sequential bilateral cochlear implantation with a mean interimplant interval of 8.2 years. The Mandarin Lexical Neighborhood Test (M-LNT), the Mandarin Hearing in Noise Test (M-HINT), and the Comprehensive Cochlear Implant Questionnaire (CCIQ) scores of participants were evaluated. Mann-Whitney U tests and Spearman correlation analysis were performed to analyze factors associated with CI2 performance. Results: In the 1-year follow-up period after CI2 implantation, although the M-LNT mean score for CI2 was significantly lower than that for CI1, the M-LNT scores for CI2 and CI1+2 improved significantly over time. In a noisy environment, CI1+2 significantly outperformed CI1 in the M-HINT. The M-LNT score for CI2 was significantly associated with preoperative bimodal fitting, residual hearing of the second implanted ear, and CI2 daily-usage time. Specific to CI2, the CCIQ showed improvement 1 year after CI2 implantation. Conclusion: CI2 improved the hearing performance and quality of life of recipients with longer interimplant intervals, especially in noisy environments, and its efficacy was associated with preoperative bimodal fitting and regular daily use.
Response of Quality Protein Maize (QPM) hybrids for grain yield in diverse environments

Genotype (G) × environment (E) interaction is very important for the evaluation of cultivars in breeding programmes. Present study was conducted to assess the effect of environment and yield stability of 68 quality protein maize (QPM) hybrids at three test environments [Begusarai (E1), Udaipur (E2) and Karim Nagar (E3)] in randomized block design (RBD). Data was analysed using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype main effects and genotype by environment (GGE) biplot methods. The variation in genotypes, environments and genotype × environment interactions (G×E) was highly significant. Maximum variation was explained by G×E interactions (53.84%) and least by differences in environmental conditions (2.36%). Genotype × environment interaction was main source of variation followed by genotypes and environments. Together the two AMMI principal coordinates axes (PCA) explained 100% of phenotypic variation. AMMI Stability value (ASV) was calculated using ASV scores. Among these QPM hybrids, G59 was found to be the most stable with ASV of 0.174. The GGE biplot explained 77.41% of the total variation relative to G and GEI. Superior cross combinations for specific locations were also identified, viz. DQL2053 ×CML161, DQL2028 × CML161, DQL2047 × CML165, DQL2037 × CML161, DQL2042 × CLQRCY40, DQL2032 × CML165, DQL2047 × CML165 and DQL2072 ×CLQRCY40 in E1, DQL2063 × CML161, DQL2057 × CML161, DQL2053 × CML165, DQL2080 × CLQRCY40 and DQL2065 × CLQRCY40 in E2 and DQL2063 × CML161, DQL2039 × CML165, DQL2140 × CML161, DQL2082 × CLQRCY40 and DQL2024 × CML165 in E3.