Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Réponse à l’inoculation mycorhizienne de quatre variétés de niébé [ Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cultivées au Burkina Faso et au Sénégal

La culture du Niebe [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ] en Afrique de l’Ouest est marquee par l’instabilite de ses rendements et sa faible production liee a la pauvrete des sols, a la faiblesse de la pluviometrie et aux contraintes parasitaires. Dans cette etude, nous nous sommes interesses a la reponse a l’inoculation mycorhizienne de quatre varietes de niebe dans une perspective de selection de souches efficaces de champignons endomycorhiziens pour l’amelioration de sa productivite au champ. Quatre varietes de niebe dont deux du Burkina Faso [Gorom Local (GO) et KVX 396-4-5-2D (KVX)] et deux du Senegal [Melakh (Mel) et Yacine (Yac)] ont ete inoculees en pepiniere avec trois (3) inoculums mixtes du Burkina Faso [Yakouta (Ya), Tale Mossi (Ta) et Soumousso (Sou)] et trois inoculums monospecifiques de la collection du Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie de Dakar (LCM) [Glomus mossea (Gm), Glomus fasciculatum (Gf) et Glomus intraradices (Gi)]. Les effets des differents inoculums sur la croissance des plants ont ete evalues par la mesure de la hauteur des plants, des biomasses aerienne et racinaire et de la frequence et intensite de mycorhization a la floraison et a la fructification. Les resultats obtenus montrent que l’inoculation n’a pas eu d’effets significatifs sur les differents parametres mesures pour les varietes du Senegal malgre des taux de mycorhization de 6% a 92% a la floraison et de 44% a 100% a la fructification. Pour les varietes du Burkina Faso, a la floraison, la croissance en hauteur et la production de biomasse aerienne de la variete KVX ont ete ameliorees par toutes les souches, exceptee Gm. Pour la variete GO, les inoculums mixtes indigenes Ya et Ta ont significativement ameliore la croissance en hauteur des plants. En general, les frequences et les intensites de mycorhization sont elevees pour les souches monospecifiques, mais ceci ne se traduit pas par un effet significatif sur la croissance des plants inocules. L’inoculum mixte indigene Ya apparait plus performant pour la croissance en hauteur et la production de biomasse de la variete la plus sensible a l’inoculation (KVX). Cette etude a montre que l’inoculation endomycorhizienne a un effet benefique sur la croissance du Niebe, particulierement la variete KVX ; et que l’utilisation de souches indigenes conviendrait mieux que les souches monospecifiques. Il s’avere donc interessant de poursuivre la selection de souches performantes pour la productivite du Niebe sur les souches indigenes. Mots cles : champignons mycorhiziens, croissance du Niebe, pepiniere, Afrique de l’Ouest
Morphological and Anatomical Effects of Picloram on Phaseolus vulgaris

From a gross morphological view, picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) acted much like 2,4-D. As soon as 2 hr after treatment with higher concentrations of picloram (7.2 μg/plant), the stems began to swell and bend, and the treated leaves began to shrivel. Apical growth was stopped if concentrations were too high (72.0-7.2 μg picloram per plant). With lower concentrations (less than 0.72 μg picloram per plant), however, apical growth was only retarded and flowering delayed. The light-microscope study of the aerial portions of the plant revealed that the vascular cambium and its initials remained meristematic when affected by picloram. Initial divisions were periclinal, but later divisions were anticlinal and transverse, forming an adventitious root. As the adventitious root developed, the cortical cells were torn around the area of the root, and the epidermis was stretched until fissures developed.
Genotypic Sensitivity to Drought and Yield Potential of Peanut

When water deficit occurred during seed filling phase, genotypic yield potential accounted for approximately 90% of the variation in pod yield sensitivity to water deficits. It is unlikely, therefore, that breeders will be able to combine high yield potential with low sensitivity to drought spanning the seed-filling phase, therefore other improvement strategies are necessary. Pod yield potential accounted for less of the variation in drought sensitivity (15 to 64%) in early and midseason droughts. For these circumstances it may be possible to identify genotypes with both high yield potential and relatively low drought sensitivity
Water use and yield of dryland row crops as affected by tillage

The dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]-fallow rotation is suitable for large areas of the U.S. Great Plains, high temperatures and potential evapotranspiration limit the number of other crops that can he grown. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is drought tolerant, but crops such as corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] are perceived to lack sufficient heat and drought tolerance for semiarid areas. A study was conducted near Garden City, KS, from 1991 through 1995 to compare yield and water uses of conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT) corn, grain sorghum, sunflower, and soybean to determine if crops other than grain sorghum are suitable for dryland production. Conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT) were included in a wheat-row crop-fallow rotation. Corn and soybean were similar in their depletion of soil water, as were sorghum and sunflower. Below a depth of 1,2 m, sorghum and sunflower removed the most water. Sunflower removed the most water from the last 0.3 m of the profile and probably removed deeper water. Sorghum and sunflower removed an average of 19 mm more water from the 1.8-m soil profile than did corn and soybean. No-till increased yields of corn in 3 yr, of sorghum and sunflower in 2 yr, and of soybean in I yr. Corn had the greatest yield response to NT, averaging 31%. Average yields of corn were 25% higher than sorghum yields, whereas average yields of sunflower were 83% higher than soybean yields. Other crops can be successfully grown in the wheat-row crop-fallow rotation, but sorghur should occupy the most acres until the other crops have been tested under different climatic conditions.
Adaptation to water stress of the leaf water relations of four tropical forage species.

Three tropical grasses, green panic (Panicum maximum var, trichoglume), spear grass (Heteropogon contortus) and buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) and the tropical legume siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum), were grown in plots in a semi-arid field environment. The water relations characteristics of leaves from plants subjected to a soil drying cycle were compared with those of unstressed leaves from plants in irrigated plots. Minimum water potentials attained in the stressed leaves were c. -44, - 38, - 33 and - 13 bar for the four species, respectively. The grass leaves adjusted osmotically to water stress, apparently through accumulation of solutes, so that there was a decrease in osmotic potential at full turgor (Ψπ100) of 5.5, 3.9 and 7.1 bar, and in water potential at zero turgor (Ψ0) of 8.6, 6.5 and 8.6 bar for green panic, spear grass and buffel respectively. Water stress appeared to increase slightly the proportion of bound water (B) and the bulk modulus of elasticity (e) of the grass leaves, but it did not alter the relative water content at zero turgor (RWC0) or the ratio of turgid water content to dry weight of the tissue. The Ψπ100 and Ψ0 of stressed siratro leaves decreased by 2.5-4 bar and 3-5 bar respectively when subjected to soil drying cycles. These changes could be explained by the marked decrease in the ratio of turgid water content to dry weight of the leaf tissue rather than by accumulation of solutes. The values of RWC0 and e for siratro leaves were not altered by stress but, in contrast to the grasses, B was apparently decreased although the data exhibited high variability. Adjustments in Ψπ100 and Ψ0 of stressed leaves of buffel grass and siratro were largely lost within 10 days of rewatering.
Assessing Potential Effects of Entrainment and Impingement on Fish Stocks of the New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary and Long Island Sound

Abstract We assessed the potential effects of entrainment and impingement at the Charles Poletti Power Project (hereafter, Poletti) on fish stocks of the New York–New Jersey (NY–NJ) Harbor Estuary and Long Island Sound by (1) estimating, for five fish stocks, the conditional mortality rate (CMR) for entrainment of eggs, larvae, and young-of-the-year (age-0) fish and the CMR for impingement of age-0 fish, and (2) for two of those stocks, using the CMR estimates to calculate the proportional reduction in biomass of spawners from an unfished stock under equilibrium conditions. Estimates of entrainment CMR for eggs and larvae were low and ranged from 0.02% for tautogs Tautoga onitis to 0.11% for Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus, based on the spatial and temporal distribution of those life stages in the NY–NJ Harbor Estuary and Long Island Sound study area and the probabilities of entrainment generated by a particle tracking model, coupled with a three-dimensional estuarine circulation model that simulate.
Deficiências de macronutrientes em sorgo

A procura de informacoes sobre sorgo tem aumentado e parece estar associada ao seu maior potencial produtivo, maior resistencia ao deficit hidrico, o surgimento de novas cultivares e expansao do seu cultivo na regiao do Cerrado. Com base nisso, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho verificar os sintomas tipicos e individualizados de deficiencia nutricional de macronutrientes na cultura do sorgo, mediante a observacao dos efeitos da omissao de nutrientes no desenvolvimento das plantas e avaliar os efeitos dessas omissoes na composicao mineral do sorgo. Foram cultivadas plantas de sorgo em solucao nutritiva completa de Sarruge (1975), submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: omissao de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. Aos dois dias apos o inicio do ensaio, as plantas apresentaram os primeiros indicios de deficiencia, que foram descritos e caracterizados. Quando os sintomas estavam definidos as plantas foram coletadas, lavadas, separadas em folhas, colmo e raizes, colocadas para secar, para posterior determinacao de massa seca, area foliar e teores de macronutrientes. Os sintomas visuais de deficiencia de nutrientes mostraram-se de uma maneira geral facilmente caracterizaveis. A producao de massa seca foi afetada pela omissao de nutrientes e os tratamentos que mais afetaram as diferentes partes das plantas e as areas foliares foram as omissoes de nitrogenio, calcio e magnesio. O acumulo de nutrientes pelas plantas obedeceu a seguinte ordem decrescente: N>K>Ca>Mg>P>S.
Apparent digestibility of crude protein and gross energy in some plant and animal‐based feedstuffs by Clarias isheriensis (Siluriformes: Clariidae) (Sydenham 1980)

Apparent digestibility coefficient (ACD) of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy of white fish meal, blood meal, poultry by-product meal, hydrolysed feather meal, shrimp head meal, meat and bone meal, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, peanut meal, yellow maize, corn starch, cassava meal, sorghum, rice bran and cocoa pod meal were determined for Clarias isheriensis (47.5–51.2 g) fed to satiation with diets containing each test feedstuff in a 30:70 mixture with a reference diet, and chromium oxide as an indicator using the dissection technique. ADCprotein values ranged from 50 to 93 % while ADCenergy ranged from 42 to 98 %. Protein and energy content of animal or plant feed-stuffs were equally digestible to C. isheriensis.
Newly generated thymocytes are not refractory to deletion when the α/β component of the T cell receptor is engaged by the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B

It has been reported that, following the initial expression of the T cell receptor (TcR) α/β, newly generated thymocytes pass through a developmental window characterized by ineffective coupling between the α/β and CD3 components resulting in resistance to deletion (negative selection). However, we now provide evidence that the TcR α/β on developing thymocytes is capable of delivering deletional signals in response to the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) as soon as the receptor is expressed. We also show that if TcR+ thymocytes are allowed to mature in organ cultures of embryonic thymus before SEB is added, they respond by proliferation giving rise to blast cells of CD4−CD8−, CD4+CD8− or CD4−CD8+ phenotypes.
Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Producing Bacterial Strain from Orange Pulp

Cellulose producing bacterial strain was isolated from orange pulp. The isolated strain was identified to be Gluconoacetobacter intermedius NT based on several morphological characteristics, biochemical tests and 16S r-DNA analysis. Bacterial cellulose production by the isolated bacterial strain was maximum in Hestrin and Schramm (HS) and modified HS media (8.5 and 10 g /L, respectively) following cultivation under static conditions for 10 days. Modified HS medium containing 40 ml/L of heat pre-treated molasses as the sole source of carbon facilitated significant production of cellulose (3.5 g/L) by the bacterial isolate. Utilization of molasses as the carbon source for the production of bacterial cellulose would have an advantage over pure sugars from the commercial point of view.
Genetic similarity between the South Atlantic and the western North Pacific Maurolicus (Stomiiformes: Actinopterygii) taxa, M. walvisensis Parin & Kobyliansky and M. japonicus Ishikawa: evidence for synonymy?

An analysis of the 524 nucleotide long segment in the 16SrDNA mitochondrial gene of Maurolicus japonicus revealed that there are two major haplotypes (E and H) and two minor haplotypes (I and J), which comprise 63·6, 27·2, 4·6 and 4·6% of the population, respectively. The nucleotide sequence of the major haplotype E is identical to that of the most common haplotype in Maurolicus walvisensis (63·6% of the population). The other haplotypes of M. japonicus are almost identical to that of the haplotype E with only a single (haplotypes I and J) or three nucleotide differences (haplotype H). Phylogenetic trees of all the 16SrDNA haplotypes found thus far in the Maurolicus taxa show that the relationships among the haplotypes of M. japonicus and M. walvisensis are indistinguishable but that they are clearly distinctive from those of Maurolicus muelleri. Examination of the morphometric characteristics of specimens reveals similarities among the individuals of different haplotypes of M. japonicus and also between M. japonicus and M. walvisensis in almost all characteristics. The results suggest that despite the current ocean-wide allopatric distribution between M. japonicus and M. walvisensis, the two taxa are conspecific as M. japonicus.
Effect on the composition and properties of casein micelles of interaction with ionic materials

Summary The effect on the composition and properties of casein micelles of the binding of ionic materials which accelerate the coagulation of milk on rennet treatment, was investigated. When considered in terms of their relative charge concentration, all the materials tested caused similar effects. The casein, inorganic phosphate and Ca contents of the micelles increased slightly. Micelle hydration decreased as additive binding increased. Casein and Ca dissociation on cooling increased at low concentrations of bound material, then progressively decreased at higher concentrations. The mean size of micelles and their electrophoretic mobility was little affected by bound ionic materials. The aggregation of the casein complexes in colloidal calcium phosphate-free milk was markedly increased by adding ionic materials, the efficiencies of these additives paralleling their efficiencies in accelerating the coagulation of milk by rennet. The results suggested that the ionic materials were bound in the interior of the casein micelles and promoted aggregation after rennet treatment by shielding charged groups, thus increasing the micellar hydrophobicity.
Asymmetrical intraguild predation between natural enemies of the citrus mealybug

The ability of a predator to discriminate against parasitized prey determines the extent of asymmetrical intraguild predation, which is often crucial for the outcome of biological control. Anagyrus nr. pseudococci (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), suffers from intraguild predation by coccinellids occurring in the same habitat. The level of intraguild predation on A. nr. pseudococci by Nephus includens (Kirsch) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) at different immature stages has been investigated with and without simultaneous offer of extraguild prey. Larvae of A. nr. pseudococci appeared to face increased intraguild predation at early developmental stages, whereas mummification provided adequate protection against the predatory coccinellid. Different predation levels on unparasitized vs. parasitized hosts at various developmental stages in choice assays indicated that N. includens preferences might be determined not solely by palatability of the prey but also by its ability to protect itself.
Game farms as sustainable ecotourist attractions

The main goal of this research was to determine aspects that will contribute to the development of sustainable ecotourism on game farms. In order to achieve this, empirical research was done by means of a survey sample consisting of all the active members of the South African Game Farmers Organisation. There are a total of 1244 members, of whom 50 % (n = 622) were randomly sampled for the research. In the main findings of the research, aspects were identified that are developed according to the criterion for sustainable ecotourism. These aspects include natural/conservation/environmental considerations as well as cultural aspects, such as learning local languages. Aspects that are neglected include working closely with the local community to develop new products; developing partnerships and joint ventures in which the community has a significant stake; fostering the development of community-based tourism products by providing marketing and mentoring support; and considering using local entrepreneurs in the development of community initiatives.
Elevated atmospheric CO2 increases fine root production, respiration, rhizosphere respiration and soil CO2 efflux in Scots pine seedlings

In this study, we investigated the impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 (ambient + 350 μmol mol–1) on fine root production and respiration in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings. After six months exposure to elevated CO2, root production measured by root in‐growth bags, showed significant increases in mean total root length and biomass, which were more than 100% greater compared to the ambient treatment. This increased root length may have lead to a more intensive soil exploration. Chemical analysis of the roots showed that the roots in the elevated treatment accumulated more starch and had a lower C/N‐ratio. Specific root respiration rates were significantly higher in the elevated treatment and this was probably attributed to increased nitrogen concentrations in the roots. Rhizospheric respiration and soil CO2 efflux were also enhanced in the elevated treatment. These results clearly indicate that under elevated atmospheric CO2 root production and development in Scots pine seedlings is altered and respiratory carbon losses through the root system are increased.
The effects of woodland fragmentation and human activity on roe deer distribution in agricultural landscapes

Landscape structure and human activity influence the distribution and abundance of species. Landscape modifications have resulted in loss of habitat, increased isolation between remnant patches, and increased disturbance. We compare distributions and group sizes of roe deer across four open agricultural landscapes of differing structure. The roe deer, essentially a woodland species, exhibits behavioural plasticity, recently colonising the agricultural plain. Our results suggest that the switch between forest and field behaviour may involve a threshold of landscape geometry concerning woodland connectivity. Where woodland fragments are numerous and widely dispersed, roe deer retain strong links to woodland structures, probably for cover and social reasons. Where remaining woodland is clumped, with little edge, roe deer adopt an open field habit, remaining at a distance from woodland. Average winter group size increased with distance from woodland, resulting in large herds typical of field roe deer populati.
Spore Production and Latent Period as Mechanisms of Resistance to Cercospora Arachidicola in Four Peanut Genotypes 1,3

Abstract Arachis batizocoi, A. monticola and two genotypes of A. hypogaea (‘Florigiant’ and PI 109839) chosen to represent differing levels of resistance to early leafspot (Cercospora arachidicola) were evaluated for their effects on production of conidia per lesion, conidia per unit area of lesion and latent period necessary for sporulation. The largest lesions and the most conidia per lesion and unit lesion area were produced on cultivar ‘Florigiant’. PI 109839 had smaller lesions than Florigiant. Fewer conidia per lesion and per unit lesion area were produced on PI 109839 than Florigiant C. arachidicola sporulated abundantly on lesions from both Florigiant and PI 109839 15 days after inoculation. Size of lesions and conidia per lesion did not differ between A. monticola and PI 109839 but conidia per unit lesion area were fewer on A. monticola. The smallest lesions and the fewest conidia per lesion and per unit lesion area were produced on A. batizocoi. C. arachidicola did not begin sporulating on A. mo.
Estudo da decomposição térmica da madeira de oito espécies da região do Seridó, Rio Grande do Norte

RESUMO – Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil de decomposicao termica da madeira de oito especies utilizando as tecnicas de termogravimetria (TGA) e calorimetria diferencial exploratoria (DSC), bem como a consistencia desses metodos para decidir quais especies devem ser indicadas para producao de energia e carvao vegetal, comparando-os com os rendimentos gravimetricos da carbonizacao obtidos a partir de carbonizacoes em mufla de laboratorio. Para as analises por TGA e DSC, amostras de serragem foram aquecidas a taxa de 10 °C min -1 , sob atmosfera de nitrogenio, em vazao de 50 ml min -1 ate a temperatura final de 600 °C. Foram
Optimization of Macd and Rsi Indicators: An Empirical Study of Indian Equity Market for Profitable Investment Decisions

Technical analysis has been continuously used by traders and investors to make investment decisions in both developed and developing markets. The main important tools of technical analysis are MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence) and RSI (Relative Strength Index) used to determine the future trend of the stock prices. In developing market like India, use of technical analysis by investors is limited to the use of standard MACD and other indicators developed by respective technicians. The research covers the sample representing the equity stocks which are continually traded on the National Stock Exchange of India. This research is helpful to determine the applicability of MACD and RSI indicators for a Profitable investment decision making on Indian Financial Market. The main objective of the research is to identify the potential contribution of standard MACD and RSI indicators vis-a-vis optimized MACD and RSI indicators. The main hypotheses of the research is that the application of standard MACD and RSI indicators contribute to profitable investments than buy and hold strategy (Efficient Market Hypotheses). The tools of data analysis include Metastock trading simulation software and Excel Mathematical calculations. Research results indicate that the buy and hold strategy results in profitable investments than standard MACD and RSI indicators. According to the obtained results it is concluded that Optimized MACD and RSI indicators are more profitable than buy and hold strategy and Standard MACD and RSI indicators. And hence Optimized MACD and RSI indicators defy Efficient Market Hypotheses.