Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Educational Digital Escape Rooms Footprint on Students' Feelings: A Case Study within Aerospace Engineering

The introduction of game-based learning techniques has significantly swayed learning, motivation, and information processing in both traditional and digital learning environments. This paper studies the footprint that the implementation of ten short-duration digital escape rooms has had on the creation of an environment of positive emotions in the educational field. The digital escape rooms were created by employing the Genial.ly platform and RPG Maker MZ software. A feelings/satisfaction questionnaire has been conducted to study what emotions students have experienced, as well as the students’ opinions about essential elements of digital escape rooms, to study whether positive feelings predominate in the performance of these activities. Results show a high incidence of positive emotions, and a very favorable opinion on the tools employed and the positive feelings on the acquisition of knowledge and skills.
Polarization properties and nonlinear dynamics of quantum dot lasers

Dans cette these nous presentons dans un premier temps nos resultats experimentaux sur les instabilites de polarisation de lasers a boites quantiques (QD) et a cavite verticale (VCSELs). Ces instabilites presentent des caracteristiques differentes de celles observees dans les lasers VCSELs a puits quantiques : une competition se produit entre deux etats polarises elliptiquement et non orthogonaux, qui donne lieu a une dynamique de saut de mode de polarisation dans le temps. Le temps de sejour moyen dans un mode decroit de huit ordres de grandeur en augmentant le courant d’injection (de la seconde a la nanoseconde). A notre connaissance ceci constitue la premiere observation d’une dynamique de polarisation d’un VCSEL avec une echelle de temps aussi diversifiee.Nous presentons ensuite une etude theorique d’un laser QD avec injection optique, en prenant en compte la dynamique des porteurs de charge vers des etats energetiques excites. Nous montrons qu’aux dynamiques d’impulsions excitables observees experimentalement s’ajoutent des dynamiques auto-pulsees complexes resultant d’une phenomene de bifurcation autour d’un point de selle (« bottleneck »). Finalement nous avons etudie le cas d’un laser QD emettant simultanement depuis les etats d’energie fondamental et excite. Alors que la lumiere est injectee dans laser QD esclave a la frequence proche de l’etat d’energie fondamental, nous montrons que l’emission a la frequence de l’etat excite presente une dynamique auto-pulsee avec des impulsions tres courtes (ps) suite a un mecanisme de basculement de gain
Two properties of twisted-light absorption

We discuss two features of twisted-light absorption both by hydrogen-like atoms and by microparticles. First, we extend the treatment of atomic photoexcitation by twisted photons to include atomic recoil, derive generalized quantum selection rules, and consider phenomena of forbidden atomic transitions. In particular, we demonstrate that whatever part of the twisted photon’s total helicity does not go into exciting the atomic state goes into making the atom as a whole revolve about the photon’s symmetry axis. Second, using the same electromagnetic potential for the twisted light beams, we analyze the radiation pressure from these beams on micro-sized particles and verify that while the Poynting vector can in some circumstances point back toward the source, a complete analysis nonetheless gives a repulsive radiation pressure.
On the interaction of a thin, supersonic shell with a molecular cloud

Molecular Clouds (MCs) are stellar nurseries; however, formation of stars within MCs depends on the ambient physical conditions. MCs, over a free-fall time, are exposed to numerous dynamical phenomena, of which, the interaction with a thin, dense shell of gas is one. Below we present results from self-gravitating, 3D smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of the problem; seven realizations of the problem have been performed by varying the pre-collision density within the cloud, the nature of the post-collision shock and the spatial resolution in the computational domain. Irrespective of the type of shock, a complex network of dense filaments, seeded by numerical noise, readily appears in the shocked cloud. Segregation of the dense and rarefied gas phases also manifests itself in a bimodal distribution of gas density. We demonstrate that the power spectrum for rarefied gas is Kolomogorov like, while that for the denser gas is considerably steeper. As a corollary to the main problem, we also look into the possibly degenerative effect of the SPH artificial viscosity on the impact of the incident shell. It is observed that stronger viscosity leads to greater post-shock dissipation that strongly decelerates the incident shock front and promotes formation of contiguous structure, albeit on a much longer time-scale. We conclude that too much viscosity is likely to enhance the proclivity towards gravitational boundedness of structure, leading to unphysical fragmentation, while insufficient resolution appears to suppress fragmentation. Convergence of results is tested at both extremes, first by repeating the test case with more than a million particles and then with only half the number of particles in the original test case.
THE EARLY EVOLUTION OF PRIMORDIAL PAIR-INSTABILITY SUPERNOVAE

The observational signatures of the first cosmic explosions and their chemical imprint on second-generation stars both crucially depend on how heavy elements mix within the star at the earliest stages of the blast. We present numerical simulations of the early evolution of Population III (Pop III) pair-instability supernovae (PISNe) with the new adaptive mesh refinement code CASTRO. In stark contrast to 15–40 M☉ core-collapse primordial supernovae, we find no mixing in most 150–250 M☉ PISNe out to times well after breakout from the surface of the star. This may be the key to determining the mass of the progenitor of a primeval supernova, because vigorous mixing will cause emission lines from heavy metals such as Fe and Ni to appear much sooner in the light curves of core-collapse supernovae than in those of pair-instability explosions. Our models are consistent with observations of SN2007bi, the most likely PISN candidate found to date, which show that heavy elements in the interior of the SN are not mixed at all with helium in the outer envelope. Our results also imply that unlike low-mass Pop III supernovae, whose collective metal yields can be directly compared to the chemical abundances of extremely metal-poor stars, further detailed numerical simulations will be required to determine the nucleosynthetic imprint of very massive Pop III stars on their direct descendants.
An Adaptive Motivation Approach to Understanding the ‘How’ and ‘Why’ of Wellbeing

A new model provides insight into the ‘how’ and ‘why’ of wellbeing to better understand the ‘what’. Informed by evolutionary psychology and neuroscience, it proposes that systems for adaptive motivation underpin experiential and reflective wellbeing. The model proposes that the brain learns to predict situations, and errors arise between the predictions and experience. These prediction errors drive emotional experience, learning, motivation, decision-making, and the formation of wellbeing-relevant memories. The model differentiates four layers of wellbeing: objective, experiential, reflective, and narrative, which relate to the model in different ways. Constituents of wellbeing, human motives, and specific emotions integrate into the model. A simple computational implementation of the model reproduced several established wellbeing phenomena, including: the greater frequency of pleasant to unpleasant emotions, the stronger emotional salience of unpleasant emotions, hedonic adaptation to changes in circumstances, heritable influences on wellbeing, and affective forecasting errors. It highlights the importance of individual differences, and implies that high wellbeing will correlate with the experience of infrequent, routine, and predictable avoidance cues and frequent, varied, and novel approach cues. The model suggests that wellbeing arises directly from a system for adaptive motivation. This system functions like a mental dashboard that calls attention to situational changes and motivates the kinds of behaviours that gave humans a relative advantage in their ancestral environment. The model offers a set of fundamental principles and processes that may underlie diverse conceptualisations of wellbeing.
Sperm‐cell DNA fragmentation prediction using label‐free quantitative phase imaging and deep learning

In intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), a single sperm cell is selected and injected into an egg. The quality of the chosen sperm and specifically its DNA fragmentation have a significant effect on the fertilization success rate. However, there is no method today to measure the DNA fragmentation of live and unstained cells during ICSI. We present a new method to predict the DNA fragmentation of sperm cells using multi‐layer stain‐free imaging data, including quantitative phase imaging, and lightweight deep learning architectures. The DNA fragmentation ground truth is achieved by staining the cells with acridine orange and imaging them via fluorescence microscopy. Our prediction model is based on the MobileNet convolutional neural network architecture combined with confidence measurement determined by distances between vectors in the latent space. Our results show that the mean absolute error for cells with high prediction confidence is 0.05 and the 90th percentile mean absolute error is 0.1, where the range of DNA fragmentation score is [0,1]. In the future, this model may be applied to improve cell selection by embryologists during ICSI.
Turbulent Flow over Small Amplitude Solid Waves

Abstract : Measurements were made of the variation of wall shear stress and of the root mean square level of the fluctuating shear stress along a solid wavy surface with an amplitude of 0.014 in. and a wavelength of 2 in. The phase angle associated with the spatial variation of the wave-induced shear stress passes through a well defined maximum when measured as a function of the dimensionless wave number, alpha = 2 pi nu/lambda u star. Measurements of the wall shear stress and in particular the location of this maximum provide an extremely sensitive test of turbulence models which pay particular attention to the viscous wall region. The use of a quasi-laminar assumption, whereby the wave induced changes of the Reynolds stresses are ignored, gives good agreement with the measurements of the variation of the wall shear stress for large values of alpha. An equilibrium turbulence assumption in which the wave induced Reynolds stresses are assumed to adjust instantaneously to changes in flow conditions along the wave surface is valid for only small values of alpha. In the range of 0.0005 alpha 0.2 it is necessary to use a model for wave induced Reynolds stresses which takes account of the fact that the turbulence does not respond immediately to changes in the flow conditions. The mixing length model of Loyd et al. provides the best fit of the data. A modification of this model which takes into account the effect of streamline curvature on the mixing length provides an improved fit of the available pressure measurements over a wavy surface.
A decrease of the gas exchanges between galaxies and the intergalactic medium, from 12 to 6 billion years ago

Using a representative sample of 65 intermediate-mass galaxies at z∼ 0.6, we have investigated the interplay between the main ingredients of chemical evolution: metal abundance, gas mass, stellar mass and star formation rate (SFR). All quantities have been estimated using deep spectroscopy and photometry from ultraviolet to infrared and assuming an inversion of the Kennicutt–Schmitt law for the gas fraction. Six billion years ago, galaxies had a mean gas fraction of 32 ± 3 per cent, i.e. twice that of their local counterparts. Using higher redshift samples from the literature, we explore the gas phases and estimate the evolution of the mean gas fraction of distant galaxies over the last 11 Gyr. The gas fraction increases linearly at the rate of 4 per cent Gyr−1 from z∼ 0 to ∼2.2. We also demonstrate for a statistically representative sample that <4 per cent of the z∼ 0.6 galaxies are undergoing outflow events, in sharp contrast with z∼ 2.2 galaxies. The observed co-evolution of metals and gas over the past 6 Gyr favours a scenario in which the population of intermediate-mass galaxies evolved as closed systems, converting their own gas reservoirs into stars.
Are Nationalist Countries More Protectionist?

We investigate the implications of consumer nationalism for multilateral trade cooperation. Perhaps surprisingly, we show that countries with relatively more nationalist consumers can sustain relatively more liberal trade policies in a repeated-game setting. Moreover, the most cooperative equilibrium tariﬀ of a suﬃciently impatient (patient) country is decreasing (increasing) in the level of its consumers’ nationalism. Thus, asymmetric consumer nationalism across countries has a less pronounced anti-cooperation eﬀect, if at all, on the incentives of countries with relatively more nationalist consumers, rather than vice versa. We take these predictions to an antidumping–nationalism dataset and ﬁnd empirical evidence in their support.
AGES: THE AGN AND GALAXY EVOLUTION SURVEY

The AGN and Galaxy Evolution Survey (AGES) is a redshift survey covering, in its standard fields, 7.7 deg2 of the Boötes field of the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey. The final sample consists of 23,745 redshifts. There are well-defined galaxy samples in 10 bands (the BW, R, I, J, K, IRAC 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 μm, and MIPS 24 μm bands) to a limiting magnitude of I < 20 mag for spectroscopy. For these galaxies, we obtained 18,163 redshifts from a sample of 35,200 galaxies, where random sparse sampling was used to define statistically complete sub-samples in all 10 photometric bands. The median galaxy redshift is 0.31, and 90% of the redshifts are in the range 0.085 < z < 0.66. Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) were selected as radio, X-ray, IRAC mid-IR, and MIPS 24 μm sources to fainter limiting magnitudes (I < 22.5 mag for point sources). Redshifts were obtained for 4764 quasars and galaxies with AGN signatures, with 2926, 1718, 605, 119, and 13 above redshifts of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. We detail all the AGES selection procedures and present the complete spectroscopic redshift catalogs and spectral energy distribution decompositions. Photometric redshift estimates are provided for all sources in the AGES samples.
Impact of Increasing Lower Body Negative Pressure and Its Abrupt Release on Left Ventricular Hemodynamics in Anesthetized Pigs

Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) has been implemented as a tool to simulate systemic effects of hypovolemia, understand orthostatic challenges and study G load stress in humans. However, the exact hemodynamic mechanisms of graded LBNP followed by its abrupt release have not been characterized in detail, limiting its potential applications in humans. Here, we set out to investigate the immediate hemodynamic alterations occurring during LBNP in healthy Landrace pigs. Invasive cardiac monitoring via extensive pressure volume loop analysis was carried out during application of incremental LBNP up to life threatening levels from −15 to −45 mmHg as well as during its abrupt release. Three different sealing positions were evaluated. Incremental LBNP consistently induced a preload dependent depression of systemic hemodynamics according to the Frank-Starling mechanism. Overall, the pressure–volume loop progressively shifted leftwards and downwards with increasing LBNP intensity. The abrupt release of LBNP reverted the above-described hemodynamic changes to baseline values within only three respiratory cycles. These data provide quantitative translational insights into hemodynamic mechanisms of incremental and very high levels of LBNP, levels of seal and effect of abrupt release for future human applications, such as countermeasure development for long spaceflight.
Effects of High Intensity Interval Training versus Sprint Interval Training on Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Healthy Women

Background: For the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, the practice of physical exercises is an effective strategy in improving or maintaining cardiorespiratory health; however, a lack of time is a barrier to access and interval training appears as possible facilitator. This study aims to compare the effects of two interval training protocols on cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy women. Methods: we conducted a randomized clinical trial with 43 women with a mean age of 29.96 ± 6.25 years, allocated into two groups; high-intensity interval training (HIIT) consisting of four four-minute high-intensity sprints interspersed with three minutes of active recovery and the Sprint interval training (SIT) with four 30-s sprints all-out, interspersed with four minutes of recovery (active or passive). Results: the HIIT group presented better results for the patterns without variation (0V) variables (p = 0.022); Shannon entropy (p = 0.004) Conditional Entropy (p = 0.025). However, there was a significant group effect for some variables, Oxygen Volume (VO2) (p = 0.004), Square root of the mean quadratic differences between the adjacent normal R-R intervals (p = 0.002) and standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals recorded in a time interval (p = 0.003), demonstrating an improvement independent of the protocol. Conclusion: we conclude that eight weeks of interval training were able to produce positive effects on cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy women, with better results for HIIT in this population.
A Novel Technique for Treatment of Metaphyseal Voids in Proximal Humerus Fractures in Elderly Patients

Background and Objectives: The treatment of proximal humerus fractures in elderly patients is challenging, with reported high complication rates mostly related to implant failure involving screw cut-out and penetration. Metaphyseal defects are common in osteoporotic bone and weaken the osteosynthesis construct. A novel technique for augmentation with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement was developed for the treatment of patients in advanced age with complex proximal humerus fractures and metaphyseal voids, whereby the cement was allowed to partially cure for 5–7 min after mixing to achieve medium viscosity, and then it was manually placed into the defect through the traumatic lateral window with a volume of 4–6 mL per patient. The aim of this retrospective clinical study was to assess this technique versus autologous bone graft augmentation and no augmentation. Materials and Methods: The outcomes of 120 patients with plated Neer three- and four-part fractures, assigned to groups of 63 cases with no augmentation, 28 with bone graft augmentation and 29 with cement augmentation, were assessed in this study. DASH, CS, pain scores and range of motion were analyzed at 3, 6 and 12 months. Statistical analysis was performed with factors for treatment and age groups, Neer fracture types and follow-up periods, and with the consideration of age as a covariate. Results: DASH and CS improved following cement augmentation at three and six months compared to bone grafting, being significant when correcting for age as a covariate (p ≤ 0.007). While the age group had a significant effect on both these scores with worsened values at a higher age for non-augmented and grafted patients (p ≤ 0.044), this was not the case for cement augmented patients (p ≥ 0.128). Cement augmentation demonstrated good clinical results at 12 months with a mean DASH of 10.21 and mean CS percentage of 84.83% versus the contralateral side, not being significantly different among the techniques (p ≥ 0.372), despite the cement augmented group representing the older population with more four-part fractures. There were no concerning adverse events specifically related to the novel technique. Conclusions: This study has detailed a novel technique for the treatment of metaphyseal defects with PMMA cement augmentation in elderly patients with complex proximal humerus fractures and follow-up to one year, whereby the cement was allowed to partially cure to achieve medium viscosity, and then it was manually placed into the defect through the traumatic lateral window. The results demonstrate clinically equivalent short-term results to 6 months compared to augmentation with bone graft or no augmentation—despite the patient group being older and with a higher rate of more severe fracture patterns. The technique appears to be safe with no specifically related adverse events and can be added in the surgeon’s armamentarium for the treatment of these difficult to manage fractures.
Compton Gamma Ray Observatory Phase 4 Guest Investigator Program: Solar Flare Hard X-ray Spectroscopy

Isocyanatoethyl methacrylate/acrylate (or other vinyl monomer) copolymers of controlled low molecular weight are produced by copolymerizing the monomers with initiators, usually peroxides, at temperatures above 120 DEG C. The copolymers are particularly useful as curing agents for urethane coating compositions.
Ballistic orbits in Schwarzschild space-time and gravitational waves from EMR binary mergers

We describe a special class of ballistic geodesics in Schwarzschild space-time, extending to the horizon in the infinite past and future of observer time, which are characterized by the property that they are in 1–1 correspondence, and completely degenerate in energy and angular momentum, with stable circular orbits. We derive analytic expressions for the source terms in the Regge–Wheeler and Zerilli–Moncrief equations for a point-particle moving on such a ballistic orbit, and compute the gravitational waves emitted during the infall in an extreme mass ratio black-hole binary coalescence. In this way a geodesic approximation to the plunge phase of compact binaries is obtained.
Assessment of patient safety perception nurses in health system of Bosnia and Herzegovina in COVID period: Descriptive and cross-sectional study

Introduction: Patient safety depends on a number of factors such as teamwork, working climate, employee satisfaction, work environment, stress awareness, management perception, and attitude. Nurses have a key role to play in protecting and supporting patients, and their assessment serves as a reliable predictor of overall hospital safety. A positive attitude toward patient safety is associated with a significant reduction in complications. The aim of the study was to analyze the perception of nurses about all aspects of patient safety in relation to the workplace and length of service. Methods: The research included 647 nurses employed in health care institutions at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of health care. A descriptive and cross-sectional study included nurses from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was conducted in the period from November to December 2021, during the COVID pandemic. A standardized questionnaire on the perception of patient safety was used – Safety Attitudes Questionnaire – SAQ. Results: The analysis of the examined factors in relation to the workplace of the respondents revealed a statistically significant difference in job satisfaction (p < 0.001), as well as in the safety climate at work in relation to the workplace (p = 0.005), working conditions (p < 0.001), and management perception (p < 0.001). Stress levels showed significant differences regarding working position (p = 0.017), but also through the years of service (p = 0.012). Stress was significantly correlated with teamwork (r = 0.124; p = 0.003), showing that better teamwork will help with stress. Conclusion: The synthesis of concepts that includes patient safety and orientation toward patients should be implemented as a strategic quality orientation and set as a priority of every health care system.