Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MPIWiz: subgroup reproducible replay of mpi applications

Message Passing Interface (MPI) is a widely used standard for managing coarse-grained concurrency on distributed computers. Debugging parallel MPI applications, however, has always been a particularly challenging task due to their high degree of concurrent execution and non-deterministic behavior. Deterministic replay is a potentially powerful technique for addressing these challenges, with existing MPI replay tools adopting either data-replay or order-replay approaches. Unfortunately, each approach has its tradeoffs. Data-replay generates substantial log sizes by recording every communication message. Order-replay generates small logs, but requires all processes to be replayed together. We believe that these drawbacks are the primary reasons that inhibit the wide adoption of deterministic replay as the critical enabler of cyclic debugging of MPI applications. This paper describes subgroup reproducible replay (SRR), a hybrid deterministic replay method that provides the benefits of both data-replay and order-replay while balancing their trade-offs. SRR divides all processes into disjoint groups. It records the contents of messages crossing group boundaries as in data-replay, but records just message orderings for communication within a group as in order-replay. In this way, SRR can exploit the communication locality of traffic patterns in MPI applications. During replay, developers can then replay each group individually. SRR reduces recording overhead by not recording intra-group communication, and reduces replay overhead by limiting the size of each replay group. Exposing these tradeoffs gives the user the necessary control for making deterministic replay practical for MPI applications. We have implemented a prototype, MPIWiz, to demonstrate and evaluate SRR. MPIWiz employs a replay framework that allows transparent binary instrumentation of both library and system calls. As a result, MPIWiz replays MPI applications with no source code modification and relinking, and handles non-determinism in both MPI and OS system calls. Our preliminary results show that MPIWiz can reduce recording overhead by over a factor of four relative to data-replay, yet without requiring the entire application to be replayed as in order-replay. Recording increases execution time by 27% while the application can be replayed in just 53% of its base execution time.
The existence of Rayleigh–Bloch surface waves

Rayleigh–Bloch surface waves arise in many physical contexts including water waves and acoustics. They represent disturbances travelling along an infinite periodic structure. In the absence of any existence results, a number of authors have previously computed such modes for certain specific geometries. Here we prove that such waves can exist in the absence of any incident wave forcing for a wide class of structures.
Intermediary Activities On Decentralized Financial Markets

Financial intermediary institutions often compete and cooperate with each other at the same time. These financial actors provide services to their investors, and enter into transactions with them. Moreover, these players very often trade with each other to mitigate their market risks related to their exposures against their clients. Decentralized inter-dealer markets differ from the Walrasian textbook markets in three characteristics: transactions are bilateral, market players form a network, market players possess diverse bargaining power. We develop and simulate a single-period model to describe the benefits of those dealers on the network, who not only mitigate the risk, but connect other dealers on these markets.
Clinical Sevoflurane Metabolism and Disposition: I. Sevoflurane and Metabolite Pharmacokinetics

Background Sevoflurane has low blood and tissue solubility and is metabolized to free fluoride and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP). Although sevoflurane uptake and distribution and fluoride formation have been described, the pharmacokinetics of HFIP formation and elimination are incompletely understood. This investigation comprehensively characterized the simultaneous disposition of sevoflurane, fluoride, and HFIP. Methods Ten patients within 30% of ideal body weight who provided institutional review board-approved informed consent received sevoflurane (2.7% end-tidal, 1.3 MAC) in oxygen for 3 h after propofol induction, after which anesthesia was maintained with propofol, fentanyl, and nitrous oxide. Sevoflurane and unconjugated and total HFIP concentrations in blood were determined during anesthesia and for 8 h thereafter. Plasma and urine fluoride and total HFIP concentrations were measured during and through 96 h after anesthetic administration. Fluoride and HFIP were quantitated using an ion-selective electrode and by gas chromatography, respectively. Results The total sevoflurane dose, calculated from the pulmonary uptake rate, was 88.8 plus/minus 9.1 mmol. Sevoflurane was rapidly metabolized to the primary metabolites fluoride and HFIP, which were eliminated in urine. HFIP circulated in blood primarily as a glucuronide conjugate, with unconjugated HFIP less or equal to 15% of total HFIP concentrations. In blood, peak unconjugated HFIP concentrations were less than 1% of peak seroflurane concentrations. Apparent renal fluoride and HFIP clearances (mean plus/minus SE) were 51.8 plus/minus 4.5 and 52.6 plus/minus 6.1 ml/min, and apparent elimination half-lives were 21.4 plus/minus 2.8 and 20.1 plus/minus 2.6 h, respectively. Renal HFIP and net fluoride excretion were 4,300 plus/minus 540 and 3,300 plus/minus 540 micro mol. Compared with the estimated sevoflurane uptake, 4.9 plus/minus 0.5% of the dose taken up was eliminated in the urine as HFIP. For fluoride, 3.7 plus/minus 0.4% of the sevoflurane dose taken up was eliminated in the urine, which, because a portion of fluoride is sequestered in bone, corresponded to approximately 5.6% of the sevoflurane dose metabolized to fluoride. Conclusions Sevoflurane was rapidly metabolized to fluoride and HFIP, which was rapidly glucuronidated and eliminated in the urine. The overall extent of sevoflurane metabolism was approximately 5%.
Embedded Data Representations

We introduce embedded data representations, the use of visual and physical representations of data that are deeply integrated with the physical spaces, objects, and entities to which the data refers. Technologies like lightweight wireless displays, mixed reality hardware, and autonomous vehicles are making it increasingly easier to display data in-context. While researchers and artists have already begun to create embedded data representations, the benefits, trade-offs, and even the language necessary to describe and compare these approaches remain unexplored. In this paper, we formalize the notion of physical data referents - the real-world entities and spaces to which data corresponds - and examine the relationship between referents and the visual and physical representations of their data. We differentiate situated representations, which display data in proximity to data referents, and embedded representations, which display data so that it spatially coincides with data referents. Drawing on examples from visualization, ubiquitous computing, and art, we explore the role of spatial indirection, scale, and interaction for embedded representations. We also examine the tradeoffs between non-situated, situated, and embedded data displays, including both visualizations and physicalizations. Based on our observations, we identify a variety of design challenges for embedded data representation, and suggest opportunities for future research and applications.
Stress Field in the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake (M 7.3) Area

We used 1‐D and 3‐D velocity models to determine focal mechanism solutions (FMSs) of 349 crustal earthquakes (M 2.7–7.3) and stress tensors in the source area of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (M 7.3) that occurred on the Futagawa‐Hinagu fault zone in Kyushu, Southwest Japan. There are some differences in the FMSs determined with the 1‐D and 3‐D velocity models. The use of the 3‐D velocity model leads to better results of stress tensors, which are determined by inverting the FMSs. The orientation of the minimum stress (σ3) axis is more accurately determined, which trends NNW‐SSE to N‐S nearly horizontally. In contrast, the axes of the maximum and intermediate stresses (σ1 and σ2) trend WSW‐ENE to E‐W with wide ranges. Significant spatiotemporal variations of the stress field are revealed in the Kumamoto source zone, indicating a small magnitude of deviatoric stress. The friction coefficient of the faults is estimated to be relatively small (~0.4), indicating that the seismogenic faults in central Kyushu are weak. The fault weakening may be caused by fluids beneath the source area and arc magma under the nearby Aso active volcano.
Deadline-constrained transmission scheduling and data evacuation in WirelessHART networks

Real-time data delivery is a critical issue in WirelessHART networks. This paper develops a novel mathematical programming framework for joint routing and link scheduling of deadline-constrained traffic in WirelessHART networks. The general framework explores dynamic network flows in a time-expanded graph model and can provide flexible solutions for a variety of real-time data delivery problems. Data evacuation, an important communication paradigm in WirelessHART networks, is a special case of this general framework. We establish the lower bound on evacuation time for line, multi-line and binary tree networks. Moreover, we design a novel scheduling algorithm for data evacuation in binary tree networks, and prove that this scheduling algorithm always achieves the lower bound on evacuation time. We evaluate our scheduling algorithm through numerical simulations, and the results verify that our algorithm minimizes the evacuation time with the least number of channels.
QoS support in mobile/wireless IP networks using differentiated services and fast handoff method

In the mobile/wireless IP network where frequent mobility is encountered, it is required to accommodate Internet quality of service (QoS) mechanisms such as differentiated services (DiffServ) for mobile hosts. We consider the issue of integration of mobile IP and DiffServ including handoff condition and propose the schemes with a hierarchical agent architecture for supporting QoS in mobile/wireless IP networks. To support DiffServ for mobile hosts, we configure foreign agent to have pre-allocated resources in advance for static service level agreement (SLA) case. In case foreign network has no pre-configured SLA or enough resources for mobile host, we configure new SLA among bandwidth brokers to be set up using dynamic SLA. Also, we propose the signaling and data procedures with DiffServ with respect to fast handoff.
In-Band Wireless Information and Power Transfer With Lens Antenna Array

This letter studies a new wireless information and power transfer coexisting system, where two uncoordinated energy and information sources simultaneously transmit to the same receiver for energy harvesting and information reception, respectively. In such a setup, the information decoder could suffer from severe signal distortion due to the simultaneously received energy signal that is usually orders-of-magnitude stronger than the desired information signal. To tackle this practical issue, we propose a novel lens antenna array-enabled receiver, which exploits the angle-of-arrival-dependent energy focusing capability of lens array for the spatial separation of energy and information signals. In addition, an optimal power splitting-based scheme is proposed by taking into account the signal distortion effect at the receiver, which is applicable for both lens and conventional antenna arrays. Numerical results show that the proposed lens array receiver significantly outperforms that with the conventional uniform planar array in terms of an achievable rate-energy tradeoff.
Tectonic motion in oblique subduction forearcs: insights from the revisited Middle and Upper Pleistocene deposits of Rhodes, Greece

Abstract: The sedimentary model of coastal deposits in eastern Rhodes over the last 2 Ma is refined and improved in accuracy. New field investigations and U/Th dating of Spondylus bivalve shells, combined with micropalaeontological and sedimentological data, allow the recognition of four synthems separated by major erosional surfaces. We present here evidence for two of these erosional surfaces. This new model allows the identification and quantification of the vertical movements recorded by the studied exposures. The history of these vertical motions is characterized by two periods of uplift and two periods of subsidence. Such an evolution is unique at the regional scale in the eastern Hellenic forearc. We interpret these results as reflecting the individualization of Rhodes as a single tectonic block during increasing trench bending. This trench bending is accommodated by an increase in the curvature of the forearc during the last 2 Ma. Supplementary material: U/Th dating on spondylid shells, index calcareous nannofossils and Khallithea and Faliraki Road sections are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare. c.4211357
A novel Variable Neighborhood Particle Swarm Optimization for multi-objective Flexible Job-Shop Scheduling Problems

This paper introduces a hybrid metaheuristic, the variable neighborhood particle swarm optimization (VNPSO), consisting of a combination of the variable neighborhood search (VNS) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The proposed VNPSO method is used for solving the multi-objective flexible job-shop scheduling problems (FJSP). The details of implementation for the multi-objective FJSP and the corresponding computational experiments are reported. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm is an efficient approach for the multi-objective FJSP. especially for large scale problems.
The challenges and potential utility of phenotypic specimen-level phylogeny based on maximum parsimony

ABSTRACT Specimen-level phylogenetic approaches are widely used in molecular biology for taxonomic and systematic purposes. However, they have been largely ignored in analyses based on morphological traits, where phylogeneticists mostly resort to species-level analyses. Recently, a number of specimen-level studies have been published in vertebrate palaeontology. These studies indicate that specimen-level phylogeny may be a very useful tool for systematic reassessments at low taxonomic levels. Herein, we review the challenges when working with individual organisms as operational taxonomic units in a palaeontological context, and propose guidelines of how best to perform a specimen-level phylogenetic analysis using the maximum parsimony criterion. Given that no single methodology appears to be perfectly suited to resolve relationships among individuals, and that different taxa probably require different approaches to assess their systematics, we advocate the use of a number of methodologies. In particular, we recommend the inclusion of as many specimens and characters as feasible, and the analysis of relationships using an extended implied weighting approach with different downweighting functions. Resulting polytomies should be explored using a posteriori pruning of unstable specimens, and conflicting tree topologies between different iterations of the analysis should be evaluated by a combination of support values such as jackknifing and symmetric resampling. Species delimitation should be consistent among the ingroup and based on a reproducible approach. Although time-consuming and methodologically challenging, specimen-level phylogenetic analysis is a highly useful tool to assess intraspecific variability and provide the basis for a more informed and accurate creation of species-level operational taxonomic units in large-scale systematic studies. It also has the potential to inform us about past speciation processes, morphological trait evolution, and their potential intrinsic and extrinsic drivers in pre-eminent detail.
Pivot-based Search for Word Spotting in Archive Documents

Offline handwriting recognition of archive documents is an unsolved problem in image analysis. There are several approaches but the possible distortions of word shapes and the different noises result in relatively low recognition rates. In our paper we deal with a local feature based word spotting approach, which showed reasonable retrieval performance in previous studies with a drawback of slow running time. With the proposed approach we try to achieve similar recognition performance but with affordable running time. In our paper we propose a pivot based search algorithm where pivots are reference objects and are used for feature generation. The retrieval results of the new algorithm are very close to those of the full linear search but at about 2-3.5 times faster running times.
Influence of Maternal Stress on Successful Participation in a Physical Activity Intervention: The IMPACT Project

ABSTRACT Few studies have examined the impact of motherhood on successful participation in physical activity (PA) interventions. The current study focused on mothers in the Increasing Motivation for Physical Activity or IMPACT study, which aimed to promote PA in sedentary, low-income, ethnically diverse women (74% Latina). The aim of this study was to determine whether certain maternal variables (e.g., number of children, number and intensity of maternal stressors) influenced successful participation in an 8-week, class-based, PA intervention. PA consisted of accumulating 30 minutes or more of moderate-intensity activities (e.g., walking) five or more days a week. Sixty-eight mothers (average age = 32 years) were assessed at baseline and 10 weeks. Paired comparison t-tests demonstrated a significant increase in PA-related energy expenditure from baseline to 10 weeks (p < 0.05). Furthermore, this increase in PA was significantly associated with a decrease in the number of maternal stressors reported over this time period (p < 0.01). Simultaneous regression analyses indicated that (1) having a higher number of maternal stressors at baseline was associated with lower class attendance (p ≤ 0.05) and (2) rating these maternal stressors (e.g., unable to control children's behavior) as being more stressful at baseline was associated with lower levels of PA at 10 weeks (p ≤ 0.01), independent of the number of children at home. These results suggest that the number and intensity of perceived maternal stressors may negatively impact attempts to become more physically active. Interventions should address such stressors.
Impact of p53 Status on Radiosensitization of Tumor Cells by MET Inhibition–Associated Checkpoint Abrogation

Signaling via the MET receptor tyrosine kinase has been implicated in crosstalk with cellular responses to DNA damage. Our group previously demonstrated that MET inhibition in tumor cells with deregulated MET activity results in radiosensitization via downregulation of the ATR–CHK1–CDC25 pathway, a major signaling cascade responsible for intra-S and G2–M cell-cycle arrest following DNA damage. Here we aimed at studying the potential therapeutic application of ionizing radiation in combination with a MET inhibitor, EMD-1214063, in p53-deficient cancer cells that harbor impaired G1–S checkpoint regulation upon DNA damage. We hypothesized that upon MET inhibition, p53-deficient cells would bypass both G1–S and G2–M checkpoints, promoting premature mitotic entry with substantial DNA lesions and cell death in a greater extent than p53-proficient cells. Our data suggest that p53-deficient cells are more susceptible to EMD-1214063 and combined treatment with irradiation than wild-type p53 lines as inferred from elevated γH2AX expression and increased cytotoxicity. Furthermore, cell-cycle distribution profiling indicates constantly lower G1 and higher G2–M population as well as higher expression of a mitotic marker p-histone H3 following the dual treatment in p53 knockdown isogenic variant, compared with the parental counterpart. Implications: The concept of MET inhibition-mediated radiosensitization enhanced by p53 deficiency is of high clinical relevance, as p53 is frequently mutated in numerous types of human cancer. The current data point for a therapeutic advantage for an approach combining MET targeting along with DNA-damaging agents for MET-positive/p53-negative tumors. Mol Cancer Res; 13(12); 1544–53. ©2015 AACR.
Systemic Analysis of PPARγ in Mouse Macrophage Populations Reveals Marked Diversity in Expression with Critical Roles in Resolution of Inflammation and Airway Immunity

Although peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) has anti-inflammatory actions in macrophages, which macrophage populations express PPARγ in vivo and how it regulates tissue homeostasis in the steady state and during inflammation remains unclear. We now show that lung and spleen macrophages selectively expressed PPARγ among resting tissue macrophages. In addition, Ly-6Chi monocytes recruited to an inflammatory site induced PPARγ as they differentiated to macrophages. When PPARγ was absent in Ly-6Chi–derived inflammatory macrophages, initiation of the inflammatory response was unaffected, but full resolution of inflammation failed, leading to chronic leukocyte recruitment. Conversely, PPARγ activation favored resolution of inflammation in a macrophage PPARγ-dependent manner. In the steady state, PPARγ deficiency in red pulp macrophages did not induce overt inflammation in the spleen. By contrast, PPARγ deletion in lung macrophages induced mild pulmonary inflammation at the steady state and surprisingly precipitated mortality upon infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. This accelerated mortality was associated with impaired bacterial clearance and inability to sustain macrophages locally. Overall, we uncovered critical roles for macrophage PPARγ in promoting resolution of inflammation and maintaining functionality in lung macrophages where it plays a pivotal role in supporting pulmonary host defense. In addition, this work identifies specific macrophage populations as potential targets for the anti-inflammatory actions of PPARγ agonists.
Categorization in multiple category systems

We explore the situation in which documents have to be categorized into more than one category system, a situation we refer to as multiple-view categorization. More particularly, we address the case where two different categorizers have already been built based on non-necessarily identical training sets, each one labeled using one category system. On the top of these categorizers considered as black-boxes, we propose some algorithms able to exploit a third training set containing a few examples annotated in both category systems. Such a situation arises for example in large companies where incoming mails have to be routed to several departments, each one relying on its own category system. We focus here on exploiting possible dependencies between category systems in order to refine the categorization decisions made by categorizers trained independently on different category systems. After a description of the multiple categorization problem, we present several possible solutions, based either on a categorization or reweighting approach, and compare them on real data. Lastly, we show how the multimedia categorization problem can be cast as a multiple categorization problem and assess our methods in this framework.