Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial transcriptomics reveals a conserved segment polarity program that governs muscle patterning in Nematostella vectensis

During early animal evolution, the emergence of axially-polarized segments was central to the diversification of complex bilaterian body plans. Nevertheless, precisely how and when segment polarity pathways arose remains obscure. Here we demonstrate the molecular basis for segment polarization in developing larvae of the pre-bilaterian sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Utilizing spatial transcriptomics, we first constructed a 3-D gene expression atlas of developing larval segments. Capitalizing on accurate in silico predictions, we identified Lbx and Uncx, conserved homeodomain-containing genes that occupy opposing subsegmental domains under the control of both BMP signaling and the Hox-Gbx cascade. Functionally, Lbx mutagenesis eliminated all molecular evidence of segment polarization at larval stage and caused an aberrant mirror-symmetric pattern of retractor muscles in primary polyps. These results demonstrate the molecular basis for segment polarity in a pre-bilaterian animal, suggesting that polarized metameric structures were present in the Cnidaria-Bilateria common ancestor over 600 million years ago. Highlights Nematostella endomesodermal tissue forms metameric segments and displays a transcriptomic profile similar to that observed in bilaterian mesoderm Construction of a comprehensive 3-D gene expression atlas enables systematic dissection of segmental identity in endomesoderm Lbx and Uncx, two conserved homeobox-containing genes, establish segment polarity in Nematostella The Cnidarian-Bilaterian common ancestor likely possessed the genetic toolkit to generate polarized metameric structures
Minimum entropy data partitioning

Problems in data analysis often require the unsupervised partitioning of a data set into clusters. Many methods exist for such partitioning but most have the weakness of being model-based (most assuming hyper-ellipsoidal clusters) or computationally infeasible in anything more than a 3D data space. We re-consider the notion of cluster analysis in information-theoretic terms and show that minimisation of partition entropy can be used to estimate the number and structure of probable data generators. The resultant analyser may be regarded as a radial-basis function classifier.
Growth, disorder, and physical properties of ZnSnN2

We examine ZnSnN2, a member of the class of materials contemporarily termed “earth-abundant element semiconductors,” with an emphasis on evaluating its suitability for photovoltaic applications. It is predicted to crystallize in an orthorhombic lattice with an energy gap of 2 eV. Instead, using molecular beam epitaxy to deposit high-purity, single crystal as well as highly textured polycrystalline thin films, only a monoclinic structure is observed experimentally. Far from being detrimental, we demonstrate that the cation sublattice disorder which inhibits the orthorhombic lattice has a profound effect on the energy gap, obviating the need for alloying to match the solar spectrum.
A review of steel slag as a substitute for natural aggregate applied to cement concrete

Steel slag is the main by-product of steelmaking, and its stacking and burying cause serious pollution to soil and water. Meanwhile, the exploitation of gravel is restricted with the implementation of ecological environment protection, resulting in the lack of nature aggregate. Based on the good engineering properties of steel slag aggregate, many researches attempted to substitute natural aggregate with steel slag applied to concrete. Therefore, this article summarizes the composition and properties of steel slag and discusses the effect of steel slag on properties and microstructure of cement concrete. Extensive literatures verify the feasibility of steel slag substituting part of natural aggregate in concrete. Steel slag affects the workability and volume stability of concrete but improves compressive strength, frost resistance and wear resistance, whereas it is controversial in flexural strength and permeability. Finally, the future research trends of concrete with steel slag aggregate are put forward.
On numerical stability analysis of double-diffusive convection in confined enclosures

The onset of thermosolutal convection and finite-amplitude flows, due to vertical gradients of heat and solute, in a horizontal rectangular enclosure are investigated analytically and numerically. Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions for temperature and solute concentration are applied to the two horizontal walls of the enclosure, while the two vertical ones are assumed impermeable and insulated. The cases of stress-free and non-slip horizontal boundaries are considered. The governing equations are solved numerically using a finite element method. To study the linear stability of the quiescent state and of the fully developed flows, a reliable numerical technique is implemented on the basis of Galerkin and finite element methods. The thresholds for finite-amplitude, oscillatory and monotonic convection instabilities are determined explicitly in terms of the governing parameters. In the diffusive mode (solute is stabilizing) it is demonstrated that overstability and subcritical convection may set in at a Rayleigh number well below the threshold of monotonic instability, when the thermal to solutal diffusivity ratio is greater than unity. In an infinite layer with rigid boundaries, the wavelength at the onset of overstability was found to be a function of the governing parameters. Analytical solutions, for finite-amplitude convection, are derived on the basis of a weak nonlinear perturbation theory for general cases and on the basis of the parallel flow approximation for a shallow enclosure subject to Neumann boundary conditions. The stability of the parallel flow solution is studied and the threshold for Hopf bifurcation is determined. For a relatively large aspect ratio enclosure, the numerical solution indicates horizontally travelling waves developing near the threshold of the oscillatory convection. Multiple confined steady and unsteady states are found to coexist. Finally, note that all the numerical solutions presented in this paper were found to be stable.
Sierra Barrier Jets, Atmospheric Rivers, and Precipitation Characteristics in Northern California: A Composite Perspective Based on a Network of Wind Profilers

AbstractFive 915-MHz wind profilers and GPS receivers across California's northern Central Valley (CV) and adjacent Sierra foothills and coastal zone, in tandem with a 6-km-resolution gridded reanalysis dataset generated from the Weather Research and Forecasting Model, document key spatiotemporal characteristics of Sierra barrier jets (SBJs), landfalling atmospheric rivers (ARs), and their interactions. Composite kinematic and thermodynamic analyses are based on the 13 strongest SBJ cases observed by the Sloughhouse profiler between 2009 and 2011. The analyses show shallow, cool, south-southeasterly (i.e., Sierra parallel) flow and associated water vapor transport strengthening with time early in the 24-h compositing period, culminating in an SBJ core at <1 km above ground over the eastern CV. The SBJ core increases in altitude up the Sierra's windward slope and poleward toward the north end of the CV, but it does not reach the westernmost CV. Above the developing SBJ, strengthening southwesterly flow des.
Diffraction of a Shock Wave by a Cylinder

The propagation of plane shock waves around cylinders of various radii was recorded with shadowgrams using a Cranz‐Schardin multiple spark camera and with single Mach‐Zehnder interferograms. The range of the incident shock Mach numbers extends from 1.04 to 2.2. Regular reflection and transition to Mach reflection are seen as the incident shock proceeds. From shadowgrams made at about 1 μsec intervals during this process the critical angle of transition was measured. The limiting angle of two shock theory fails to agree with the measured value. A theory of Whitham which requires the critical angle as well as the incident shock Mach number as initial values was applied to predict the triple point locus and the contour of the Mach stems. Numerical calculations using both the theoretical and the measured value of the critical angle for a fixed shock Mach number produced triple point loci lying close together. The predicted contour of the Mach stem and the density jump across it agree with the observations to .
Representation of Soil-Foundation Systems and Its Application to Shaking Table Tests by Constructing a Mechanical Interface

Experimental studies on the dynamic response of structures comprising soil-foundation systems require an appropriately constructed soil-foundation model below the superstructures in order to properly estimate structural responses. In most studies, applying a small scaling is necessary for constructing the entire structural system, since there is limited space on shaking tables. This constraint has been a hindrance in experimental studies. Thus this study proposes a mechanical interface (MI) that represents the impedance characteristics of a 3 × 5 pile group embedded in a layered soil medium. The MI is constructed on the basis of lumped parameter models with gyro-mass elements. This element is mechanically realized in the MI using a rotational mass in combination with coupling gears. The results show that the MI properly simulates the impedance functions with frequency-dependent oscillations, and shaking table tests using the MI for an inelastic structure are demonstrated.
Theory of friction: the contribution from a fluctuating electromagnetic field

We calculate the friction force between two semi-infinite solids in relative parallel motion (with velocity V), and separated by a vacuum gap of width d. The friction force results from coupling via a fluctuating electromagnetic field, and can be considered as the dissipative part of the van der Waals interaction. We consider the dependence of the friction force on the temperature T, and present a detailed discussion of the limiting cases of small and large V and d.
LEMBAR KEGIATAN SISWA MODEL LEARNING CYCLE 7E MATERI PEMANASAN GLOBAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA

Pemanasan global merupakan suatu permasalahan yang kompleks. Dalam materi pemanasaan global, siswa diharapkan dapat menganalisis gejala pemanasan global, efek rumah kaca, dan perubahan iklim serta dampaknya bagi kehidupan dan lingkungan. Selain itu, siswa juga dituntut untuk mampu memunculkan ide pemecahan masalah gejala pemanasan global dan dampaknya bagi kehidupan dan lingkungan. Untuk mengatasi dampak pemanasan global, diperlukan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa dengan menggunakan LKS yang sesuai. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengembangkan LKS pemanasan global yang dapat menumbuhkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Metode yang digunakan R&D dengan tahapan pengembangan mengikuti model 4-D oleh Thiagarajan dan Sammel (1974). Model ini terdiri dari 4 tahap pengembangan, yaitu Define (pendefinisian), Design (
Analysis of the dimensional dependence of semiconductor optical amplifier recovery speeds

We investigate the dependence of the speed of recovery of optically excited semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) on the active region dimensions. We use a picosecond pump-probe arrangement to experimentally measure and compare the gain and phase dynamics of four SOAs with varying active region dimensions. A sophisticated time domain SOA model incorporating amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) agrees well with the measurements and shows that, in the absence of a continuous wave (CW) beam, the ASE plays a similar role to such a holding beam. The experimental results are shown to be consistent with a recovery rate which is inversely proportional to the optical area. A significant speed increase is predicted for an appropriate choice of active region dimensions.
Are we teaching what they need? Going beyond employability in Translation Studies

As lecturers and researchers in translation and interpreting, we are aware of the need to design curricula so that students are well equipped, and able to respond to the requirements of modern society. In the world today, there is an evident gap between what is actually taught in higher education and what should be taught to meet student needs. Even though various studies have already focused on the impact of constructs, such as selfregulation, empathy, or creativity, on performance quality, there is still a long way to go. In order to bridge this gap and highlight the role of the university as a transformational agent, our study uses LifeComp, the European framework for the personal, social, and learning to learn key competence. The objective of this research was firstly to discover the transversal competences that are most highly valued by employers in the language industry sector; and secondly, to identify the competences that need more attention in curricula. For this purpose, a questionnaire-based study was designed and administered to translation companies based in Spain. The results obtained indicate that these competences are necessary to foster employability as well as real wealth creation in a lifelong learning context. This study is part of a broader project within the LifeComp framework, in which a competence-based psycho-educational intervention was designed and is now integrated in the translation and interpreting degree programme at the University of Granada (Spain). 322 Are we teaching what they need? [. ] Hikma 21 (2) (2022), 321 345
Longitudinal trends in lipid profiles during pregnancy: Association with gestational diabetes mellitus and longitudinal trends in insulin indices

Objective To investigate the correlation of trends in lipid profiles from first to second trimester with trends in insulin indices and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods Secondary analysis of an ongoing prospective cohort study was conducted on 1234 pregnant women in a single center. Lipid profiles, glucose metabolism and insulin indices were collected in the first and second trimesters. Trends in lipid profiles were divided into four subgroups: low-to-low, high-to-high, high-to-low and low-to-high group. Insulin indices including homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index were calculated to evaluate insulin resistance (IR). Trends in insulin indices were described as: no IR, persistent IR, first-trimester IR alone and second-trimester IR alone. Pearson correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed to assess the associations of lipid profiles subgroups with insulin indices and GDM. Results First- and second-trimester total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were strongly correlated to first- and second-trimester insulin indices. Only TG had a sustained correlation with glucose metabolism indices. High-to-high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) was an independent risk factor for GDM. High-to-high TG and high-to-low TG groups were independent risk factors for persistent IR. High-to-high TG and low-to-high TG groups were independent risk factors for second-trimester IR alone. Conclusion TG has a sustained correlation with insulin indices and glucose metabolism indices. Persistently high TG is an independent risk factor for persistent IR and second-trimester IR alone. Regardless of whether pregnant women have first-trimester IR, lower TG levels help reduce the risk for persistent IR or subsequent development of IR. These results highlight the benefit of lowering TG levels in early and middle pregnancy to prevent the development of IR.
Presenting symptoms as prognostic measures of mental health recovery among service members with concussion

Background Comorbid mental illness may negatively impact recovery from concussion. This study evaluated whether the level of symptom clusters at clinic intake contribute to poor mental health recovery in concussed patients during treatment, which may in turn serve as a target intervention. Objective The objective of this study is to examine the association between the level of initial symptoms and mental health symptoms among service members with concussion. Methods Data were obtained from 483 active duty service members treated in interdisciplinary treatment programs for traumatic brain injury, all of which were concussions. Pre-treatment symptom clusters included self-reported hyperarousal, dissociation/depression, cognitive dysfunction/headache and neurological symptoms. The outcomes, clinically-relevant decreases in depressive symptoms (assessed by the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-8) and PTSD symptoms (assessed by the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, PCL-5), were defined as a decrease in PHQ-8 > 5 and PCL-5 > 7, respectively. Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to evaluate the relationship between the level of each symptom cluster and clinically-relevant decrease in outcomes. Results Participants with higher (vs. lower) levels of pre-treatment hyperarousal and dissociation/depression symptom cluster were less likely to improve in depressive and PTSD symptoms during treatment. The level of cognitive/headache and neurological symptom clusters were not significantly associated with any symptom changes. Conclusion These findings support the need for individualized treatment for symptoms identified and treated after determining concussion history, with particular attention to high levels of hyperarousal and dissociation/depression prior to treatment.
Characterizing stomatal attributes and photosynthetic induction in relation to biochemical changes in Coriandrum sativum L. by foliar-applied zinc oxide nanoparticles under drought conditions

Abiotic stress, particularly drought, will remain an alarming challenge for sustainable agriculture. New approaches have been opted, such as nanoparticles (NPs), to reduce the negative impact of drought stress and lessen the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides that are an inevitable problem these days. The application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) has been recognized as an effective strategy to enhance plant growth and crop production during abiotic stress. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of ZnO NPs in drought stress management of drought-susceptible Coriandrum sativum L. (C. sativum) in two consecutive seasons. Drought regimes (moderate drought regime—MDR and intensive drought regime—IDR) were developed based on replenishment method with respect to 50% field capacity of fully irrigated (control) plants. The results showed that foliar application of 100 ppm ZnO NPs improved the net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (C), and transpiration rate (E) and boosted up the photosynthetic capacity associated with photosynthetic active radiation in MDR. Similarly, 48% to 30% improvement of chlorophyll b content was observed in MDR and onefold to 41% in IDR during both seasons in ZnO NP-supplemented plants. The amount of abscisic acid in leaves showed a decreasing trend in MDR and IDR in the first season (40% and 30%) and the second season (49% and 33%) compared with untreated ZnO NP plants. The ZnO NP-treated plants showed an increment in total soluble sugars, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content in both drought regimes, whereas the abaxial surface showed high stomatal density and stomatal index than the adaxial surface in foliar-supplied NP plants. Furthermore, ZnO NPs improve the magnitude of stomata ultrastructures like stomatal length, stomatal width, and pore length for better adaptation against drought. Principal component analysis revealed the efficacy of ZnO NPs in inducing drought tolerance in moderate and intensive stress regimes. These results suggest that 100 ppm ZnO NPs can be used to ameliorate drought tolerance in C. sativum plants.
Perfluorocarbon emulsion enhances MR-ARFI displacement and temperature in vitro: Evaluating the response with MRI, NMR, and hydrophone

Sonosensitive perfluorocarbon F8TAC18-PFOB emulsion is under development to enhance heating, increase thermal contrast, and reduce treatment times during focused ultrasound tumor ablation of highly perfused tissue. The emulsion previously showed enhanced heating during ex vivo and in vitro studies. Experiments were designed to observe the response in additional scenarios by varying focused ultrasound conditions, emulsion concentrations, and surfactants. Most notably, changes in acoustic absorption were assessed with MR-ARFI. Phantoms were developed to have thermal, elastic, and relaxometry properties similar to those of ex vivo pig tissue. The phantoms were embedded with varying amounts of F8TAC18-PFOB emulsion or lecithin-PFOB emulsion, between about 0.0-0.3% v:w, in 0.05% v:w increments. MR-ARFI measurements were performed using a FLASH-ARFI-MRT sequence to obtain simultaneous displacement and temperature measurements. A Fabry-Perot hydrophone was utilized to observe the acoustic emissions. Susceptibility-weighted imaging and relaxometry mapping were performed to observe concentration-dependent effects. 19F diffusion-ordered spectroscopy NMR was used to measure the diffusion coefficient of perfluorocarbon droplets in a water emulsion. Increased displacement and temperature were observed with higher emulsion concentration. In semi-rigid MR-ARFI phantoms, a linear response was observed with low-duty cycle MR-ARFI sonications and a mono-exponential saturating response was observed with sustained sonications. The emulsifiers did not have a significant effect on acoustic absorption in semi-rigid gels. Stable cavitation might also contribute to enhanced heating.
Recombinant yeast for production of the pain receptor modulator nonivamide from vanillin

We report on the development of a method based on recombinant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce nonivamide, a capsaicinoid and potent agonist of the pain receptor TRPV1. Nonivamide was produced in a two-step batch process where yeast was i) grown aerobically on glucose and ii) used to produce nonivamide from vanillin and non-anoic acid by bioconversion. The yeast was engineered to express multiple copies of an amine transaminase from Chromobacterium violaceum (CvTA), along with an NADH-dependent alanine dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis (BsAlaDH) to enable efficient reductive amination of vanillin. Oxygen-limited conditions and the use of ethanol as a co-substrate to regenerate NADH were identified to favour amination over the formation of the by-products vanillic alcohol and vanillic acid. The native alcohol dehydrogenase ADH6 was deleted to further reduce the formation of vanillic alcohol. A two-enzyme system consisting of an N-acyltransferase from Capsicum annuum (CaAT), and a CoA ligase from Sphingomonas sp. Ibu-2 (IpfF) was co-expressed to produce the amide. This study provides proof of concept for yeast-based production of non-ivamide by combined transamination and amidation of vanillin.