Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First year university students' understanding of validity in designing a physics experiment

Abstract This paper surveys students' ideas on how to design a valid physics experiment. It documents their decisions in setting up an experiment establishing how the current produced by a solar cell changes with the sun's radiation. The data include responses from 42 students to five written probes, each describing an experimental situation. The students make decisions and justify their choice of a valid independent variable; the optimal values of the dependent variable and the independent variable; a valid interval and range of the independent variable; and valid control variables. Clustering similar ideas underlying responses across the probes led to an eight-level model of progression for the understanding of validity showing some parallels with Bloom's cognitive taxonomy. The different ideas, from most sophisticated to least sophisticated range from a focus on seeing a trend emerging, to a focus on an algorithm. Other ideas appearing between the two extremes are: a focus on the quality of calculations, on the quality of measurements, on the nature of what is to be measured, on features of the variable, on measurement procedures and a focus on the experimental set up. Students mostly justify their choices based on a concern about the quality of the measurements and the nature of what is to be measured. The implications for teaching and further research are discussed.
A Historical Study of Mental Health Practices in Colonial Asante

: This study examines the historical evolution of mental health practices and policies in Asante, Ghana, with a focus on the impact of colonialism on the field of mental health. The study reveals that traditional Asante society had a holistic approach to mental health, which included both scientific and traditional practices. The traditional Asante people believed that the social and physical conditions of an individual have an effect on his mental health and that a well-balanced social environment was crucial for preventing mental illness. The study also examines the mystical connotations and explanations that the traditional Asante society linked to mental illnesses. However, over the colonial era, the definition and explanation for the causation of mental illness changed. There was a gradual change from the supernatural causation of illness to a more scientific explanation of illness within this period. We argue that the colonial government was unprepared for the growing number of mental health cases and care of mental health during this time. This was a result of the difficulties faced by the colonial administration which included inadequate personnel and facilities, and poor cooperation from the indigenous Asante population due to cultural barriers among others. The paper argues further that these challenges experienced by the colonial government are still present today. This study employs a qualitative approach to investigate the diverse mental health policies, actions, and practices from traditional Asante society to the colonial era, as well as the effects of these policies and practices on modern Asante mental health care.
Microvascular Leakage as Therapeutic Target for Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury

Reperfusion injury is a very common complication of various indicated therapies such as the re-opening of vessels in the myocardium or brain as well as reflow in hemodynamic shutdown (cardiac arrest, severe trauma, aortic cross-clamping). The treatment and prevention of reperfusion injury has therefore been a topic of immense interest in terms of mechanistic understanding, the exploration of interventions in animal models and in the clinical setting in major prospective studies. While a wealth of encouraging results has been obtained in the lab, the translation into clinical success has met with mixed outcomes at best. Considering the still very high medical need, progress continues to be urgently needed. Multi-target approaches rationally linking interference with pathophysiological pathways as well as a renewed focus on aspects of microvascular dysfunction, especially on the role of microvascular leakage, are likely to provide new insights.
Biological Hydrogen Methanation with Carbon Dioxide Utilization: Methanation Acting as Mediator in the Hydrogen Economy

Hydrogen is one of the main energy carriers playing a prominent role in the future decarbonization of the economy. However, several aspects regarding the transport and storage of this gas are challenging. The intermediary conversion of hydrogen into high-density energy molecules may be a crucial step until technological conditions are ready to attain a significant reduction in fossil fuel use in transport and the industrial sector. The process of transforming hydrogen into methane by anaerobic digestion is reviewed, showing that this technology is a feasible option for facilitating hydrogen storage and transport. The manuscript focuses on the role of anaerobic digestion as a technology driver capable of fast adaptation to current energy needs. The use of thermophilic systems and reactors capable of increasing the contact between the H2-fuel and liquid phase demonstrated outstanding capabilities, attaining higher conversion rates and increasing methane productivity. Pressure is a relevant factor of the process, allowing for better hydrogen solubility and setting the basis for considering feasible underground hydrogen storage concomitant with biological methanation. This feature may allow the integration of sequestered carbon dioxide as a relevant substrate.
OPTIMAL DESIGN OF THICK LAMINATED COMPOSITE PLATES FOR MAXIMUM THERMAL BUCKLING LOAD

In this article, the design of a thick laminated composite plate subjected to a thermal buckling load under a uniform temperature distribution is presented. In design procedures of compose laminated plates for a maximum thermal buckling load, the finite element method based on shear deformation theory is used for the analysis of laminated plates. The optimal design for the symmetric or antisymmetric laminated plates consist ing of four layers with a maximum thermal buckling load is performed. The fiber orientation and ply thickness coefficient of plates are adopted as design variables. A one-dimensional search method is used to find optimal fiber orientation, and optimal thickness is investigated.
Comparing the Performance of Multivariate Multilevel Modeling to Traditional Analyses With Complete and Incomplete Data

Abstract. A multivariate multilevel model (MVMM) extends standard multilevel modeling by including multiple dependent variables and thus could be used in place of traditional multivariate analyses. For a two-group study with two correlated dependent variables, a simulation study was conducted to compare the performance of MVMM to traditional MANOVA and a series of univariate analyses. The results showed that MVMM provides for virtually always greater power than other analyses, even for conditions that have been previously shown to favor univariate analysis. Further, this power advantage can be substantial even when no missing data are present and is often much greater when data are missing. While the Type I error rate for the overall multivariate null hypothesis can be somewhat elevated with MVMM, especially with small sample size and a large proportion of missing data, the Type I error rate for the test of a specific dependent variable is accurate.
Thermal Performance of Coiled Square Tubes at Large Temperature Differences for Heat Exchanger Application

In many heat exchanger applications, working fluid inside the tubes is subjected to considerable temperature changes. Coiled tubes are used widely in heat exchanger applications due to the enhanced heat transfer rate caused by secondary flows. This study examines the thermal performance of three configurations of coiled tubes of square cross-section, namely, in-plane, helical, and conical coiled tubes, subjected to a large temperature difference between the fluid and the wall and compares it with that of a straight tube of identical cross-section area and length. The concept of figure of merit (FoM) is introduced to compare the heat transfer performance of the various configurations tested. The results indicate that FoM increases as the wall temperature is increased. In addition, the combination of temperature-induced buoyant flow and curvature-induced secondary flow significantly affects the flow behavior and heat transfer performance inside the tubes. The coil pitch in helical and conical tubes has an adverse effect on the heat transfer performance due to shift in vortices generation. The in-plane spiral tube operates at a higher wall temperature and lower Reynolds number, which gives rise to a higher FoM. The highest Nusselt number is obtained for the in-plane spiral tube at higher wall temperature and higher Reynolds number, which shows potential for practical applications.
Repeated Low-Level Blast Exposure Alters Urinary and Serum Metabolites

Repeated exposure to low-level blast overpressures can produce biological changes and clinical sequelae that resemble mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). While recent efforts have revealed several protein biomarkers for axonal injury during repetitive blast exposure, this study aims to explore potential small molecule biomarkers of brain injury during repeated blast exposure. This study evaluated a panel of ten small molecule metabolites involved in neurotransmission, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism in the urine and serum of military personnel (n = 27) conducting breacher training with repeated exposure to low-level blasts. The metabolites were analyzed using HPLC—tandem mass spectrometry, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for statistical analysis to compare the levels of pre-blast and post-blast exposures. Urinary levels of homovanillic acid (p < 0.0001), linoleic acid (p = 0.0030), glutamate (p = 0.0027), and serum N-acetylaspartic acid (p = 0.0006) were found to be significantly altered following repeated blast exposure. Homovanillic acid concentration decreased continuously with subsequent repeat exposure. These results suggest that repeated low-level blast exposures can produce measurable changes in urine and serum metabolites that may aid in identifying individuals at increased risk of sustaining a TBI. Larger clinical studies are needed to extend the generalizability of these findings.
Stabilization of Rice Bran: A Review

One of the major problems in food science is meeting the demand of the world’s growing population, despite environmental limitations such as climate change, water scarcity, land degradation, marine pollution, and desertification. Preventing food from going to waste and utilizing nutritive by-products as food rather than feed are easy and powerful strategies for overcoming this problem. Rice is an important staple food crop for more than half of the world’s population and substantial quantities of rice bran emerge as the main by-product of rice grain milling. Usually, rice bran is used as animal feed or discarded as waste. Although it is highly nutritious and comprises many bioactive compounds with considerable health benefits, the rapid deterioration of bran limits the exploitation of the full potential of rice bran. Hydrolytic rancidity is the main obstacle to using rice bran as food, and the enzyme inactivation process, which is termed stabilization, is the only way to prevent it. This study reviews the methods of stabilizing rice bran and other rice-milling by-products comprising rice bran in the context of the efficiency of the process upon storage. The effect of the process on the components of rice bran is also discussed.
Cross-sectional analysis of relationship between strategic orientation, structural arrangements and size of enterprises in Croatia – a pilot study

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the two basic constructs of organizational design, strategic orienta-tion, and structural arrangements, as well as to re-examine the role of enterprise size in the variations of both con-structs.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out by regu-lar mail in the first half of 2019, using already existing and empirically validated measurement instruments for the constructs of strategic orientation and organizational struc-ture characteristics. Management board representatives or managing directors of the contacted enterprises were asked for their views on the situation in their enterprise in rela-tion to the researched constructs. Descriptive and bivariate statistical analyses were performed.Results: On the sample of 37 enterprises, the strategic orien-tation ‘analyzer enterprise’ was predominant. In addition, organic organizational structure characteristics slightly prevailed over mechanistic characteristics. A regression analysis was carried out, establishing a positive relation-ship between strategic orientation and organizational structure characteristics (R2=0.160; P=0.014), especially with communication as a characteristic of mentioned organiza-tional structure (R2=0.239; P=0.002). T-tests confirmed the significance of the role of enterprise size for organizational structure characteristics (P=0.067). In other words, larger enterprises tend to foster mechanistic organizational struc-ture characteristics. Variations in the types of strategic ori-entation of enterprises were not related to the size of those enterprises (P=0.296). Conclusion: The design and adaptation of organizational and structural arrangements of enterprises are related to their selected strategic orientation. An increase in enter-prise size inevitably leads to more rigid mechanistic struc-tural arrangements, while the status of a small enterprise does not automatically imply the ‘prospector’ strategic ori-entation or the successful development and implementa-tion of innovations.
The Effect Of Abdominal Stretching Exercises On The Intensity Of Menstrual Pain (Dysmenorrhea) In Young Woman In Adolescent Women

Dysmenorrhea is pain that occurs during menstruation and is often experienced by adolescents. Reduced pain can interfere with the daily activities of teenagers. Based on an initial survey conducted by researchers at SMK AL-Washliyah 9 Perbaungan on 6 students, the researchers conducted interviews with students who were experiencing dysmenorrhea, often asking permission to go to the UKS room and even going home because of the pain caused by dysmenorrhea which greatly interfered with the learning process and activities other. To overcome this, one of the non-pharmacological alternatives is Abdominal Stretching exercises that can provide a relaxing effect, so that it can be used to treat pain during menstruation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not there was a decrease in pain intensity in adolescent girls before performing Abdominal Stretching exercises and after Abdominal Stretching exercises. This type of research is pre-experimental in one group (one group pre-test and post-test). The sample of this study was taken by purposive sampling technique, namely sampling based on specified criteria. The sample in this study amounted to 22 people. This research was conducted in June 2022. Data analysis used the Saphiro Wilk test. The research instrument used was a pain observation sheet, namely the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). The results showed that the average pain scale before treatment was 2.59 then reduced to 1.50 after the Abdominal Stretching exercise was performed. The calculated Z value is 4.233 and the p-value is 0.000, thus p-value
Design and Analysis of Long-term Ecological Monitoring Studies: Variance components estimation for continuous and discrete data, with emphasis on cross-classified sampling designs

emphasis on cross-classified sampling designs. In Gitzen R.A. , J.J. Millspaugh, A.B. Cooper, and D.S. Licht, Design and Analysis of Long-term Ecological Monitoring Studies. Cambridge University Press, pp. 200-227. VARIANCE COMPONENTS ESTIMATION FOR CONTINUOUS AND DISCRETE DATA, WITH EMPHASIS ON CROSS-CLASSIFIED SAMPLING DESIGNS Brian R. Gray Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, U.S. Geological Survey, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA
Dislocation array reflection enhances strain hardening of a dual-phase heterostructured high-entropy alloy

Piling-ups of geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) arrays against interfaces are known to produce hetero-deformation induced (HDI) strengthening and strain hardening to enhance the strength and ductility of heterostructured materials. Here we report an interesting dislocation mechanism that can produce strong HDI hardening: consecutive reflections of GND planar piling-up arrays near the opposite phase boundaries in a heterostructured AlCoCrFeNi2 high entropy alloy (HEA). In contrast, dislocation transmission was found at grain boundaries in the fcc phase. The discovery here provides guidance for future materials design, which may improve the combination of strength and ductility of metallic materials. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT IMPACT STATEMENT A hitherto unknown consecutive reflection of GND arrays near phase boundaries of a heterostructured HEA is observed and proposed as a key contributor to HDI hardening.
Signatures of chaotic and stochastic dynamics uncovered with ϵ-recurrence networks

An old and important problem in the field of nonlinear time-series analysis entails the distinction between chaotic and stochastic dynamics. Recently, ϵ-recurrence networks have been proposed as a tool to analyse the structural properties of a time series. In this paper, we propose the applicability of local and global ϵ-recurrence network measures to distinguish between chaotic and stochastic dynamics using paradigmatic model systems such as the Lorenz system, and the chaotic and hyper-chaotic Rössler system. We also demonstrate the effect of increasing levels of noise on these network measures and provide a real-world application of analysing electroencephalographic data comprising epileptic seizures. Our results show that both local and global ϵ-recurrence network measures are sensitive to the presence of unstable periodic orbits and other structural features associated with chaotic dynamics that are otherwise absent in stochastic dynamics. These network measures are still robust at high noise levels and short data lengths. Furthermore, ϵ-recurrence network analysis of the real-world epileptic data revealed the capability of these network measures in capturing dynamical transitions using short window sizes. ϵ-recurrence network analysis is a powerful method in uncovering the signatures of chaotic and stochastic dynamics based on the geometrical properties of time series.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Intra-Host Evolution Among Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients Failing Treatment

Background Understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) intra-host evolution of drug resistance is important for successful drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) treatment and control strategies. This study aimed to characterise the acquisition of genetic mutations and low-frequency variants associated with treatment-emergent Mtb drug resistance in longitudinally profiled clinical isolates from patients who experienced DR-TB treatment failure. Patients and Methods We performed deep Whole Genome Sequencing on 23 clinical isolates obtained longitudinally across nine timepoints from five patients who experienced DR-TB treatment failure enrolled in the CAPRISA 020 InDEX study. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were established on the BACTEC™ MGIT 960™ instrument on 15/23 longitudinal clinical isolates for eight anti-TB drugs (rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, linezolid, clofazimine, bedaquiline). Results In total, 22 resistance associated mutations/variants were detected. We observed four treatment-emergent mutations in two out of the five patients. Emerging resistance to the fluoroquinolones was associated with 16- and 64-fold elevated levofloxacin (2–8 mg/L) and moxifloxacin (1–2 mg/L) MICs, respectively, resulting from the D94G/N and A90V variants in the gyrA gene. We identified two novel mutations associated with elevated bedaquiline MICs (>66-fold): an emerging frameshift variant (D165) on the Rv0678 gene and R409Q variant on the Rv1979c gene present from baseline. Conclusion Genotypic and phenotypic resistance to the fluoroquinolones and bedaquiline was acquired in two out of five patients who experienced DR-TB treatment failure. Deep sequencing of multiple longitudinal clinical isolates for resistance-associated mutations coupled with phenotypic MIC testing confirmed intra-host Mtb evolution.
Effect of Therapeutic Hospital Clown Use on Children's Behavioral Adherence During Burn Dressing Changes

: Background : Burns in children remain an important epidemiological problem. Caring for these particularly vulnerable groups requires a multidisciplinary approach to treating burns and reducing their painful impact on children. Aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of therapeutic hospital clown use on children's behavioral adherence during burn dressing changes. Setting: Assiut General Hospital out-patient burn clinic. Subjects and Method: A quasi-experimental (post-test) research design was used. The study applied one tool which included two parts: Part (I) : Included children’s personal and clinical data. Part (II) : Involved the child's behavioral observational form which involved 8 classifications such as crying, yelling, activity, mood, communication, interaction with the parents, sensitivity to the environment, and attitude to the nurse. Results: It was found that 76% and 88% of both study &control group had extremity burn with second degree in 68% and 76% respectively. The study results revealed good adherence to the change of burn dressing in the study group children than those in the control group with a statistically significant relation regarding all domains of the children’s adherence (P-Value <0.01 ). Conclusion: Applying therapeutic hospital clown to children in the study group had a better adherence to burn dressing change than those in the control group. Recommendation: Therapeutic clowning should be included in the hospitals policies and care plans as a basic intervention care for burned children.