Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Breakfast Skipping and Dietary Adequacy of Primary School Children in Cairo

To determine the prevalence of breakfast skipping and its contribution to dietary adequacy among school children, 2818 children (50.3% boys, 49.7% girls) 10-11 years-old in 25 primary governmental schools in Cairo were studied. Results indicate that 34.9% of children skipped breakfast. Reasons for skipping breakfast were discussed, the most common were that the children were not habituated to eat breakfast and they were afraid to miss early morning session in the school. Girls were significantly more likely to skip breakfast than boys (54.2% girls, 45.8%boys). The average total energy intake was significantly lower for children who skipped breakfast (mean = 1, 268 kcal) as compared to that for children who consumed breakfast at home (mean = l, 566kcal). More than one third of breakfast skippers consumed < 50% of Recommended calories and iron, and more than three quarters of the same group consumed < 50% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance for vitamin A and calcium. Comparison of the five types of consumed breakfasts revealed that the average breakfast containing beans, bread and beverage (Group 5) had the highest contents of 17 nutrients than did the other four groups. These findings show the importance of having breakfast before leaving home.
U.S. Geological Survey Radiocarbon Dates IX

This list contains the results of measurements made during 1965 and 1966. Samples are counted in the form of acetylene gas, as previously, and ages computed on the basis of the Libby half-life, 5568 ± 30 yr. The error listed is always larger than the one-sigma statistical counting error commonly used, takes into account known uncertainty laboratory factors, but does not include external (field or atmospheric) variations.
A seismic refraction study of the Santa Clara Valley and southern Santa Cruz Mountains, west-central California

abstract Two seismic refraction profiles were recorded in the Santa Clara Valley region of central California to determine the upper crustal seismic velocity structure. A reversed, 8-km-long profile was recorded across the valley near Gilroy and an unreversed 38-km-long profile was recorded in the southern Santa Cruz Mountains. The data indicate that the valley is wedge-shaped in cross section with the basement dipping 10° to the east. The alluvial fill of the valley has a maximum thickness of 1.5 km and has an average compressional-wave velocity of 2.3 km/sec. The top of the basement has a velocity of 4.3 km/sec; the velocity reaches 6.0 km/sec at a depth of 2 km. The Calaveras fault zone, located due east of the valley, was crossed by a short, unreversed profile. It appears to be characterized by a low velocity ( V p = 2.7 km/sec) to a depth of ∼2.5 km. The southern Santa Cruz Mountain profile indicates a 4.6-km/sec near-surface refractor and a layer with a velocity of 6.1 km/sec at 2-km depth. Thus, considered together, the similarity in velocity structure determined from the two profiles indicates that the Franciscan rocks of the Santa Cruz Mountains continue beneath the valley. The presence of high compressional-wave velocities (≧6.0 km/sec) at 2-km depth in this Franciscan terrain can best be explained by an abundance of metabasalts (greenstones) at that depth. These seismic observations indicate that an area of at least 120 km 2 is underlain by this high velocity, basaltic material. Therefore, the upper crustal structure in the study area differs dramatically from the Franciscan terrain of the Diablo Range where greywackies and metagreywackies ( V p ≦ 5.4 km/sec) dominate in the uppermost crust.
Antimicrobial Cu-Doped TiO2 Coatings on the β Ti-30Nb-5Mo Alloy by Micro-Arc Oxidation

Among the different surface modification techniques, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is explored for its ability to enhance the surface properties of Ti alloys by creating a controlled and durable oxide layer. The incorporation of Cu ions during the MAO process introduces additional functionalities to the surface, offering improved corrosion resistance and antimicrobial activity. In this study, the β-metastable Ti-30Nb-5Mo alloy was oxidated through the MAO method to create a Cu-doped TiO2 coating. The quantity of Cu ions in the electrolyte was changed (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 mMol) to develop coatings with different Cu concentrations. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron and atomic force microscopies, contact angle, and Vickers microhardness techniques were applied to characterize the deposited coatings. Cu incorporation increased the antimicrobial activity of the coatings, inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria strains, and Candida albicans fungus by approximately 44%, 37%, 19%, and 41%, respectively. Meanwhile, the presence of Cu did not inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli. The hardness of all the deposited coatings was between 4 and 5 GPa. All the coatings were non-cytotoxic for adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSC), promoting approximately 90% of cell growth and not affecting the AMSC differentiation into the osteogenic lineage.
Intrinsic Universality in Automata Networks III: On Symmetry versus Asynchrony

An automata network is a ﬁnite assembly of interconnected entities endowed with a set of local maps deﬁned over a common ﬁnite alphabet. These relationships are represented through an interaction graph. Together with the local functions, an assignment known as an update scheme directs the evolution of the network by updating speciﬁc subsets of entities at discrete time steps. Despite the scrutiny of interaction graphs and update schemes, their profound impact on automata network dynamics remains largely open. This work investigates the intricate interplay between these aspects, with a focus on how update schemes can counterbalance constraints stemming from symmetric local interactions. This paper is the third of a series about intrinsic universality, a notion that assesses both dynamical and computational complexity, encompassing transient behaviors, attractors, and prediction or reachability problems. We consider four update modes—parallel, block-sequential, local clocks, and general periodic— along with several families of symmetric signed conjunctive boolean networks deﬁned by local constraints on signs. Our main result is to show a diagonal complexity leap in this two-dimensional landscape: the stronger the local constraints the higher the level of asynchrony required to obtain intrinsic universality or increase in complexity. We also show how in some cases asynchronism allows to simulate directed interactions from undirected ones with the same local rules.
An Investigation of Male and Female Teachers’ Oral Feedback in English Classroom: A Focus on Elicitation & Reformulation

The primary goal of this study is to analyze the elicitation and reformulation used by male and female teachers in English classes. In this descriptive qualitative study, the researcher collected data from observation and in-depth interviews in three class meetings for 135 minutes (45 minutes/meeting). Ten teachers, five male, and five female, from one Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri in Medan City, North Sumatra. The data were analyzed using Tsui's Elicitation and Martinot's Reformulation categorization. The findings reveal that male and female teachers similarly use five elicitation types: inform, confirm, agree, repeat, and clarify, where the most dominant type of elicitation is confirmed. In addition, three different types of reformulation were found in the reformulation feedback: the same construction, transformation, and restructured statements. In contrast, transformation was the dominant type used by the teachers. In practicing oral feedback, especially elicitation, male teachers use standard language to elicit the students' utterances, while female teachers ask students to make the teaching and learning process interactive. In reformulation, the study results show that male teachers only provide oral feedback by giving instructions, while female teachers provide oral feedback by giving instructions and reformulating utterances. Furthermore, three main reasons were found for teachers to provide oral feedback, namely: to detect mistakes made by students, to stimulate students to interact with the teacher, and to create reflective and effective feedback practices.
Competitiveness of higher education systems: Exploring the role of migration flow

Intellectual capital is one of the most crucial determinants of long-term economic development. The countries compete for highly skilled labor and talented youth. State regulatory interventions aim to, on the one hand, facilitate the retention of foreign high-productivity intellectual capital in the host country, transforming ‘educational’ and ‘scientific’ migrants into residents, and on the other hand, prevent the outflow of their own qualified workforce. The paper aims to outline the role of the nation’s higher education system in the influx and outflow of labor resources. A two-stage approach is applied: 1) maximum likelihood—to cluster the EU countries and the potential candidates to become members of EU countries based on the integrated competitiveness of their higher education systems, considering quantitative, qualitative, and internationalization aspects; 2) logit and probit models—to estimate the likelihood of net migration flow surpassing baseline cluster levels and the probability of migration intensity changes for each cluster. Empirical findings allow the identification of four country clusters. Forecasts indicate the highest likelihood of increased net migration flow in the second cluster (66.7%) and a significant likelihood in the third cluster (23.4%). However, the likelihood of such an increase is statistically insignificant for countries in the first and fourth clusters. The conclusions emphasize the need for regulatory interventions that enhance higher education quality, ensure equal access for migrants, foster population literacy, and facilitate lifelong learning. Such measures are imperative to safeguard the nation’s intellectual potential and deter labor emigration.
Molecular Survey of the Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in brain tissue of aborted fetuses of Morkaraman sheep in Muş, Türkiye

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are obligate intracellular protozoan parasites that can affect different warm-blooded species worldwide. In this study, it was aimed to detect T. gondii and N. caninum using PCR method in brain tissues of aborted sheep fetuses. Brain specimens were collected from 50 Morkaraman sheep fetuses that had undergone abortion at various stages of pregnancy, within the lambing seasons of 2023 in Muş. Approximately 1 cm³ of brain tissue from the right cerebral hemisphere was excised and subsequently frozen at -20°C for DNA extraction. DNA extraction and PCR amplification were then performed. As a result of this study, 11 (22%) of 50 brain tissues were positive. All brain samples examined in this study were negative for Neospora caninum. Based on the results of this study, it is possible to say that T. gondii is an important abortion agent in sheep in this region. Although N. caninum was not detected in this study, larger scale studies are recommended. Moreover, this study provides important information to breeders and veterinarians in the field in the evaluation and management of abortion.
Tools for Teaching Theoretical Computer Science

Teaching students the concepts and techniques for understanding theoretical computer science is an essential part of any computer science curriculum, yet thus far educators are struggling to help their students master this material. There is still research to be done to identify the causes of these difﬁculties, but results thus far indicate that they stem from a lack of interest and a lack of basic proﬁciency in the practice of theory amongst students. Researchers have applied a wide variety of pedagogical methods to attempt improve student performance, including the Moore Method, problem-based learning, and cognitive apprenticeship, but despite some success, improving pedagogy may not be sufﬁcient. To fully engage students in theoretical computer science, digital tools can be created and used. The theorem prover Coq, originally designed for research, has been repurposed for use in the classroom. Coq shows promise as an educational tool, as students who use it are able to write proofs more easily, but they still struggle when required to write proofs without aid. Several other tools have also been developed, the most noteworthy of which is JFLAP, which helps students visualize the operation of automata. Despite the increased enjoyment that JFLAP fosters, however, it is unclear if it improves student performance. New research suggests that games might be introduced to theoretical computer science classes to help students engage with the material. JFLAP, which already contains elements of gamiﬁcation, has been further gamiﬁed in a project by Fabio Bove. I propose to extend this game with an adaptive hint system to ensure that students receive the assistance they need to learn from it.
A Reception Study of Machine Translated Subtitles for MOOCs

ABSTRACT As access has grown to online courses in the form of MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses), the language barrier has become an important issue for users worldwide. Machine translation (MT) appears to offer an alternative or complementary solution to existing forms of MOOC translation. Very little attention has been paid, however, to the use and utility of MT for MOOC content. The main goal of this research is to test the impact machine-translated subtitles have on Chinese viewers’ reception of MOOC content. We are interested in whether there is any difference between viewers’ reception of raw machine-translated subtitles as opposed to fully post-edited machine-translated (PEMT) subtitles and human-translated (HT) subtitles. Based on an eye-tracking experiment conducted at two Chinese universities and survey methods, we show that participants who were offered full PEMT subtitles scored better overall on our reception metrics than those who were offered raw MT subtitles. HT subtitles, on the other hand, did not necessarily lead to better reception as expected; in contrast, the participants who were offered HT subtitles performed the worst in some of our reception metrics.
Online Demand Fulfillment Problem with Initial Inventory Placement: A Regret Analysis

We investigate a joint inventory placement and online fulfillment problem. At the beginning, the inventory of a single item is distributed to different warehouses. Then, at each period, an order arrives from one of the demand regions, and the decision maker makes an irrevocable decision on whether to accept or reject the order. In our model, we propose the minimum-inventory regret, a notion that includes both the selection of initial inventories and the performance of the selected fulfillment policy. We consider two state-of-the-art ful-fillment policies: probabilistic fulfillment and score-based fulfillment. We prove that probabilistic fulfillment has a minimum inventory regret that scales with the square root of the time horizon. On the other hand, we prove that the score-based fulfillment policy has a minimum inventory regret bound that is independent of the time horizon and polynomial with respect to the number of warehouses and demand regions. Our analysis allows us to conclude that the score-based fulfillment policy is preferred over probabilistic fulfillment for the joint inventory placement and online demand fulfillment problem.
Measuring and Explaining Affective Polarization Within and Against the Mainstream: Evidence from Brazil

This is a preliminary draft. Please, do not circulate. This version presents results from a pre-test of an experimental study. It aims at collecting feedback to improve especially the experimental design, since a new experiment will be conducted online with a larger sample in the second semester of 2019. Abstract Traditional survey questions to assess party identification and negative partisanship have generally relied on binary choices, therefore missing the large variation of sentiments that exist between ‘never voting for a party’ and ‘identifying with a party. ’ Feeling thermometers that measure party affect, that is, asking respondents how much they like a political party (or its supporters), capture these variations. Furthermore, they allow measuring the individual level of affective polarization within two-party contests. In this paper, I use this measurement to study polarization in Brazil, a developing country where partisanship is considerably low. I begin by reviewing the literature, which generally points out at the center-left PT as the only party with a significant number of partisans. Party affect shows strong attachment to the center-right PSDB. Next, I use the recent election of a anti-mainstream president to study two types of affective polarization: within and against the mainstream. Finally, I test how ideological radicalism, political disillusionment, and institutional distrust affect these two types of polarization based on longitudinal survey data (2002-2014) and an experiment fielded in Brazil in the first semester of 2019.
DESIGNING TASKS AND FEEDBACK UTILIZING A COMBINATION OF A DYNAMIC MATHEMATICS SOFTWARE AND A COMPUTER-AIDED ASSESSMENT SYSTEM

This paper reports on the planning of a design-based research (DBR) study, where the main aim is to develop principles in designing technology-enhanced learning environments utilizing a combination of a dynamic mathematics software (DMS) and a computer-aided assessment (CAA) system. The focus is on the design of tasks and automated feedback of high quality so as to enhance first-year engineering students’ engagement in and conceptual understanding of mathematical contents. The paper outlines the rationale for the project and highlights theoretical aspects that will be considered in the study. Moreover, some findings from a pilot study that will inform the first cycle of the DBR study are presented.
Exploring a Novel Machine Learning Approach for Evaluating Parkinson's Disease, Duration, and Vitamin D Level

—Parkinson's disease is an increasingly prevalent, degenerative neurological condition predominantly afflicting individuals aged 50 and older. As global life expectancy continues to rise, the imperative for a deeper comprehension of factors influencing the course and intensity of PD becomes more pronounced. This investigation delves into these facets, scrutinizing various parameters including patient medical history, dietary practices, and vitamin D levels. A dataset comprising 50 PD patients and 50 healthy controls, sourced from Dhaka Medical Institute, serves as the foundation for this study. Machine learning techniques, notably the Modified Random Forest Classifier (MRFC), are harnessed to prognosticate both PD severity and duration. Strikingly, the MRFC-based prediction model for PD severity attains an impressive accuracy of 97.14%, while the predictive model for PD duration demonstrates an accuracy of 95.16%. Noteworthy is the observation that vitamin D levels are notably higher in the healthy cohort compared to PD-afflicted individuals, exerting a substantial positive influence on both the severity and duration predictions, surpassing the influence of other measured parameters. This inquiry underscores the practicality of machine learning in forecasting PD progression and duration and underscores the pivotal role of vitamin D levels as a predictive factor. These discoveries provide invaluable insights into advancing our comprehension and management of PD in an aging population.
Perceived anonymity and cyberbullying

Although cyberbullying is a significant problem nowadays, there are few theoretical explanations for this phenomenon in the literature. Based on Barlett and Gentile’s cyberbullying model (2012), the aim of this paper was to examine the contribution of a variable specific to the virtual world - perceived anonymity - in explaining cyberbullying. It also aimed to examine whether there is a mediating effect of attitudes in the relationship between anonymity and cyberbullying, as well as a moderating effect of frequency of internet use on the relationship between anonymity and cyberbullying, as well as between attitudes towards cyberbullying and cyberbullying itself. A survey was administered online in March and April 2021 and data was collected from a convenient sample of 329 students (110 males), aged 18-30 years (M = 21.53, SD = 2.50). The results of the moderation-mediation analysis, performed in the Process macro for SPSS, showed that there was a significant mediation effect of positive attitudes in the relationship between perceived anonymity and cyberbullying, in the way that greater perceived anonymity predicted positive attitudes toward cyberbullying, which predicted more frequent cyberbullying. There was no significant direct contribution of more pronounced perceived anonymity to more frequent cyberbullying. Finally, the results showed that frequency of internet use did not have a significant moderating effect on the relationship between perceived anonymity and cyberbullying, as well as between attitudes and cyberbullying.
INVARIANT SUBVARIETIES

Let M be an invariant subvariety in the moduli space of translation surfaces. We contribute to the study of the dynamical properties of the horocycle ﬂow on M . In the context of dynamics on the moduli space of translation surfaces, we introduce the notion of a ‘weak classiﬁcation of horocycle invariant measures’ and we study its consequences. Among them, we prove genericity of orbits and related uniform equidistribution results, asymptotic equidistribution of sequences of pushed measures, and counting of saddle connection holonomies. As an example, we show that invariant varieties of rank one, Rel-dimension one and related spaces obtained by adding marked points satisfy the ‘weak classiﬁcation of horocycle invariant measures’. Our results extend prior results obtained by Eskin-Masur-Schmoll, Eskin-Marklof-Morris, and Bainbridge-Smillie-Weiss.