Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organic acid water treatment reduced Salmonella horizontal transmission in broiler chickens.

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether an organic acid water treatment could reduce the spread of Salmonella (SAL) to naive birds when infected birds were part of the population. A total of one thousand eighty (1080), day-old Cobb X Cobb male chicks were allocated 60/pen to each of 18 pens by blocks and divided into three treatment groups: T1, unmedicated control; T2 , 0.04%; and T3, 0.08% of an organic acid blend (OAB; ACTIVATE WD). The OAB was added to water from 0-14 days and 42-49 days. Half of the birds in each pen were orally dosed with Naladixic acid resistant-S. heidelberg on Day 0 (tagged) and housed with the remaining uninfected birds (not tagged). Salmonella status of ceca and crops (Day 49 only) was evaluated by random selection of 5 tagged and 5 untagged birds/pen on days 0, 14 and 49. Dragswabs of pens were also obtained on the same days as was mortality, weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion. On day 49, 22% of T1 untagged birds were SAL+ compared to only 7% of T2 and T3 untagged birds. Similar results were obtained with untagged birds for % SAL+ dragswabs and crops on Day 49. There was no effect of OAB on % SAL+ for tagged birds. Feed conversion was significantly improved by OAB at 42 days of age (1.80 vs 1.77 and 1.77) and at 49 days similar trends were apparent (1.95 vs 1.90 and 1.91) but not different. These results demonstrated that the OAB treatment significantly reduced horizontal spread of SAL to uninfected birds and reduced environmental SAL contamination.
The Study of Propolis, Pollen, and Royal Jelly Enrichment at Honey Product as Natural Antioxidant

The research was carried out in the Milk Pilot Plant Laboratory, Brawijaya University Malang from October to November.The objective of this research was to determine antioxidant activity of honey enrichment by Propolis, Pollen, and Royal jelly. Indicator of antioxidant activity is peroxide number. Lower peroxide number indicated that this product has higher antioxidant activity.The result of this research was the honey enrichment by Propolis 480mg, pollen 320mg and royal jelly 480mg decrease 0.2333 meq peroxide number. Effect of added proportion of 0.5ml; 1ml; 1.5ml honey formulation into 3.5 ml oil oxidation substrate has peroxide number by 0.5167 meq; 0.3667 meq; and 0.2333 meq. It can be concluded that the addition various formulation combine show highly significantly different effect (P<0,01)on peroxide number in oil substrate. Keywords : propolis, royal jelly, pollen, honey, antioxidant
SerpinB1 is essential for regulation of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) generation (118.3)

NETosis, a programmed death pathway induced in mature neutrophils by pathogens and inflammatory mediators, can be either a protective process that prevents spread of microbial infection or a pathological process that causes severe tissue damage and inflammation. Little is known about the mechanisms that regulate such a diverse functional spectrum. Previously we demonstrated serpinB1 null mice are highly susceptible to pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection due to increased pathology mediated neutrophilic death. Using in vitro and in vivo approaches we examine the regulatory role of SerpinB1 in NETosis. We found bone marrow or LPS-derived serpinB1 null neutrophils are remarkably prone to NETosis in both NADPH-dependent and independent manner. A regulatory role for SerpinB1 in NETosis is also supported by the increased number of neutrophils with expanded nuclei, likely representing chromatin decondensation, and by finding that exogenous rSERPINB1 abrogates NET production. Importantly, during P. aeruginosa lung infection 4 times more NETs were harvested from serpinb1-/- mice than WT mice. The total number of in vitro activated serpinB1-/- neutrophils that died was not different from wild-type, indicating that the primary protective role of SerpinB1 is determining whether activated neutrophils die by the highly injurious NETs mechanism or by a less phlogistic mode, generating apoptotic-like cells with shrunken appearance and small nuclei.
The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjiang, China: The Flowering of Early Animal Life

Foreword.Preface. Part I: Geological And Evolutionary Setting of The Biota.1. Geological Time And The Evolution Of Early Life On Earth.2. The Evolutionary Significance Of The Chengjiang Biota.3. The Discovery And Initial Study Of The Chengjiang Lagerstatte.4. The Distribution And Geological Setting Of The Chengjiang Lagerstatte.5. The Taphonomy And Preservation Of The Chengjiang Fossils.6. The Paleoecology Of The Chengjiang Biota.Part II: Chengjiang Fossils.7. Algae.8. Phylum Porifera.9. Phylum Cnidaria.10. Phylum Ctenophora.11. Phylum Nematomorpha.12. Phylum Priapulida.13. Phylum Hyolitha.14. Phylum Lobopodia.15. Anomalocarididae (Phylum Uncertain). 16. Phylum Arthropoda.17. Phylum Brachiopoda.18. Phylum? Vetulicolia.19. Phylum Chordata.20. Enigmatic Animals.21. Species Recorded From The Chengjiang Biota.References. Index
Endophyte-host interactions. II. Defining symbiosis of the endophyte-host interaction

We provide evidence that the symbiosis of fungal endophyte and plant host should only be defined in the broad sense as originally used by De Bary to mean the living together of organisms of different species. Using endophytic fungi that were isolated from healthy plant tissue,- we tested for the potential pathogenicity of the fungal isolates and did physiological experiments to understand the endophyte-host association. Due to the variability of the interaction with respect to the role of the endophyte and with respect to the physiological Status of both partners, only a definition of symbiosis that does not specify the advantages and disadvantages for the individual partners can accurately describe this interaction.
Comparative analysis of the essential oils of three Lamiaceae species obtained by conventional and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation

The purpose of this paper is to compare the essential oils (EOs) of three Lamiaceae species (Satureja montana (winter savory), Ocimum basilicum (basil) and Origanum vulgare (oregano)) isolated by hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MWHD). The total EO yields of all three plants obtained by MWHD were nearly twofold lower than those obtained by HD. However, the microwave treatment was found to be significantly shorter. The chemical profile of the EOs obtained was determined using GC-MS. Carvacrol was the most abundant compound in the winter savory and oregano EOs (92.20 and 93.42 %, respectively), whereas linalool was the predominant compound in the basil EO (67.71 %). The results obtained indicate that certain chemical alterations occur during microwave treatments. The MWHD of winter savory led to a decrease in the carvacrol content (84.11 %), accompanied by a significant increase in the antioxidant activity determined by the DPPH assay, compared to the winter savory EO obtained by HD. Although a decrease in major compound contents of both the basil and oregano EOs obtained by MWHD was observed, no significant difference was found in their antioxidant activity.
Does Combination Immunotherapy with Human Monoclonal Antibodies Against HER2 and CXCR4 Augment Breast Cancer Killing in Vitro and in Vivo

Abstract : The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 (SDF1 ) have been proposed to regulate the directional migration and invasion of breast cancer cells to sites of metastasizes. The CXCR4 molecule could be a potential target to control breast cancer. Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) overexpression contributes to tumor progression and metastasis. A humanized monoclonal antibody Herceptin (Trastuzumab) is currently in clinical use. Thus, both of CXCR4 and HER2 play important roles in breast cancer progress, the linkage between CXCR4 and HER2 has also been reported. HER2 upregulates the expression of CXCR4, which is required for HER2-mediated lung invasion and metastasis. Therefore, we aimed to assess the anti-tumor effects of combinational immunotherapy by targeting both CXCR4 and HER2 in vitro and in a nude mice breast cancer model. The result from this study should provide pre-clinical data that may ultimately aid in testing the hypothesis that additive or synergistic effects of combinational treatment with anti-CXCR4 and anti-HER2 human Mabs may lead to an additive or synergistic effect in human clinical trials of breast cancer. We have produced enough antibodies for the entire study, and established the necessary cell lines for both in vitro and in vivo studies. We have evaluated the effects of CXCR4 Mabs in combination of Herceptin or alone on inhibition of chemotaxis, invasion and proliferation on breast cancer cells. The results and experience we have obtained through these studies will lead us to answer the question we have proposed and guide us to perform the in vivo studies which will be started in the next year.
Atlas and dissection guide for comparative anatomy

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Probing the assembly of the Bacillus subtilis flagellum and its role in signal transduction

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Late Auditory Evoked Potentials in Alcoholics

The N1-P2 wave of the auditory evoked potential was studied in 19 alcoholics, six of whom had withdrawal seizures on previous admissions. The recordings were made at 1 and 5 days after cessation of drinking. Eight nonalcoholic volunteers were used as controls. The latencies of N1 and P2 were slightly prolonged in alcoholics, but during the detoxification period they frequently shortened (p less than 0.05), occasionally attaining the values of the controls. One day after withdrawal, the amplitude of N1-P2 was consistently reduced in the alcoholics compared to the controls (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01), but higher in alcoholics with a seizure history compared to alcoholics without seizures (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.001). Five days after cessation of drinking, the amplitude in the alcoholic groups always increased from the admission values (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01). By that time, the alcoholics with a history of withdrawal seizures had significantly (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01) higher amplitudes than those of the controls or the alcoholics without seizures. Large N1-P2 amplitude during alcohol withdrawal may reflect increased cerebral excitability and contribute to the identification of alcoholics with high risk for withdrawal seizures.
The evaluation of novel bio-ethanol derived co-products as potential feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio and tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

The nutritional value of novel yeast products were evaluated for warmwater fish species. A yeast co-product (yeast protein concentrate unrefined (YPCU)) obtained from a bio-ethanol process using wheat was tested using iso-nitrogenous (38% crude protein) and iso-lipidic (8%) diets for juvenile mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio). The fishmeal (FM) protein component of a basal diet was replaced by (YPCU) at 7.5, 15, 20, and 50% of total dietary protein. After an 8 week feeding trial, all fish fed YPCU yielded better growth performance than the control fed fish, with diets containing 15% and 20% YPCU being optimal. Whole body composition was unaffected by dietary treatment, however, ash levels were elevated in fish fed >15% YPCU. Hepatic alanine amino transferase (ALAT) and aspartate amino transferase (ASAT) were measured as bio-indicators of liver function in carp. Only ASAT activity was significantly lower for carp fed 20% and 50% YPCU. Additionally, histological assessment of liver and intestinal tissues gave no indication of impairment, but high YPCU inclusion (>15%) elevated the number of goblet cells present in the posterior intestine. Molecular microbiological analysis using DGGE revealed no definitive changes in intestinal microbial communities. In a second study, bio-ethanol yeast (refined YPCR and unrefined YPCU) and dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS) a co-product of the bio-fuel process and distillery yeast from potable alcohol (whisky) production (YPCPA) were evaluated as before for carp. FM was replaced with 30% of YPCU, YPCR and YPCPA and 15, or 30 % DDGS with a combination of 10% YPCR. Weight gain, and Apparent Net Protein Utilization
Produção e composição do leite de cabras Moxotó submetidas a dietas com feno de maniçoba ("Manihot glaziovii" Muell Arg.)

This research was conducted with objective to evaluate the utilization of manicoba hay (Manihot glaziovii Muell Arg.) in different levels (30, 40, 50 e 60%) on performance and composition of Moxoto goat milk. It was used eight multiparous does (44 kg BW) averaged 60 days of lactation, allocated in two 4 x 4 Latin squares design, with four treatments, four experimental periods and four animals. Each experimental period lasted 15 days (ten for animal adaptation to the diets and five days for data collection. The animal were milked twice daily at 06h30min and 16h00min, being made the milk control through individual weighing of the milk during five days each experimental period. The values to average milk yield (1,38 kg/day), milk fat corrected milk yield (1,43 kg/day), as well as, the mean daily milk fat contents (4,26%), total protein (3,69%), lactose (4,48%), total solids (13,12%) solids nonfat (8,97%) and acidity (18oD) from milk was not affected by the diets. The net energy balance was positive to all the treatments. Therefore, the Manicoba hay can be used in until 60% of diet, without causing damage to the performance of animals.
Bottom-up and top-down effects on insects herbivores along a natural salinity gradient in a florida salt marsh

I compared the strength of bottomup and top-down effects on insect herbivores along a natural salinity gradient in salt marsh communities in West Central, Florida. I used a 2x2 factorial design with plots divided into four different treatments: 1) fertilizer applied to increase plant quality 2) sticky traps added to remove natural enemies (parasitoids) 3) fertilizer applied and sticky traps added and 4) control plots. These plots were placed on 7 different sites containing the salt marsh plant Borrichia frutescens along a natural stress salinity gradient. In each plot I determined the abundance of the sap sucker Pissonotus quadripustulatus, the gall maker Asphondylia borrichiae, spiders and the number of chewed leaves and bored stems. I also recorded leaf area, plant density, plant height and foliar nitrogen. Plants in fertilized plots exhibited increased height, density and leaf area. In fertilized plots, galls were more abundant than in nonfertilized plots (approximately 63% increase), and the same pattern was observed for Pissonotus (55% increase). For chewed leaves and spiders there
Spermatogenesis, sperm storage and reproductive timing in bats

Reproduction in bats from the temperate zones differs from the general mammalian pattern with regard to long-term sperm storage. In contrast to other mammals, female bats from the temperate zones store viable spermatozoa from autumn copulations through hibernation into spring when fertilization occurs. Males, however, are also capable of storing spermatozoa viably in their cauda epididymides after they have undergone spermatogenesis in the summer months. This could free them from precisely coupling their spermatogenic timing to the female cycle. Furthermore, it enables them to inseminate females throughout winter during periodic arousals and into spring. In this comparative study of four sympatric species at one site in Central Europe, we tested for interspecific differences in the onset and length of the mating period. Species-specific mating periods can be best explained by the availability of receptive females since males match the timing of spermatogenesis closely to the female reproductive cycle. The close sequence of male reproductive readiness and female availability indicates a fertilization advantage of early copulations in hibernating bats, as opposed to last sperm precedence in most mammals. Thus, the observed marked differences in the timing of reproduction between these sympatric species are in contrast to the hypothesis that reproductive timing results solely from climate and food availability.
Occurrence of gastro-intestinal nematodes in cervids [Cervidae] of North-Western Poland

The study described was aimed at evaluating the extent of gastro-intestinal helminth infestation in the roe deer, fallow deer, and red deer in Western Pomerania; infestation prevalence and intensity as well as the species composition of the helminth fauna were determined. Within March 1999 – July 2000, a total of 199 animals (86 roe deer, 68 red deer, and 25 fallow deer) were examined. The animals were obtained from 9 north-western Poland’s forest districts. The following nematode species were found to be present in the alimentary tracts examined: Spiculopteragia boehmi, S. mathevossiani, Spiculopteragia asymmetrica, Ostertagia kolchida, O. leptospicularis, Haemonchus contortus, Chabertia ovina, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Nematodirus sp. , Trichocephalus ovis, Capillaria bovis, Trichostrongylus axei, and Trichostrongylus sp. As shown by biopsies, the infestation prevalence amounted to 73.53; 96.51; and 92.0% in red deer, roe deer, and fallow deer, respectively. The parasites occurred at an intensity of 10 to 660 individuals.
time series analysis of gaza strip shoreline using remote sensing and gis

iii صخله تساردلا . iv TABLE OF CONTENTS . v LIST OF TABLES . ix LIST OF FIGURES . x 1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background . 1 1.2 Significance of Shoreline Studies . 1 1.3 Research Problem . 1 1.4 Research Aim and Objectives . 2 1.5 Methodology . 2 1.6 Research Structure . 3 2 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 4 2.1 Scope . 4 2.2 Introduction . 4 2.3 Sediment Transport . 4 2.3.1 Cross-shore Transport . 4 2.3.2 Alongshore Transport . 5 2.4 Definition of Shoreline . 6 vi 2.5 Factors that Influence Shoreline Position Change . 6 2.6 Change Detection Definitions . 6 2.7 Development of Change Detection over Time . 7 2.8 Time Series Analysis Definition . 7 2.9 Remote Sensing . 8 2.10 Shoreline Data Acquisition Techniques . 8 2.11 Previous Coastal Studies . 9 2.12 Previous Studies about Gaza Strip Coast . 16 2.13 Conclusion . 17 3 CHAPTER 3: THE STUDY AREA . 18 3.1 Scope . 18 3.2 Historical Background . 18 3.3 Location and Geography . 18 3.4 Climate . 20 3.4. 1 Air Temperature . 20 3.4. 2 Rainfall . 20 3.4. 3 Wind Speed . 21 3.4. 4 Air Humidity . 21 3.4. 5 Solar Radiation . 21 3.5 Topography . 21 3.6 Geology . 21 3.7 Gaza Beach Physical conditions . 22
Hantavirus Coevolution with Their Rodent Hosts

Vincent Herbreteau,1,2 Heikki Henttonen,3 Kumiko Yoshimatsu,4 Jean-Paul Gonzalez,2 Yupin Suputtamongkol,5 and Jean-Pierre Hugot6 1Laboratoire Espace, Santé,Territoire; Université Paris XNanterre, 200 avenue de la république, 92000 Nanterre, France 2IRD, UT 178, Bangkok,Thailand 3Finnish Forest Research Institute,Vantaa Research Centre, POB18 FIN-01301 Vantaa, Finland 4Institute for Animal Experimentation, Hokkaido University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan 5Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok,Thailand 6Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Départment Systématique et Évolution, UMR Origine, Structure et Évolution de la Biodiversité, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
Effects of Dietary Stearic Acid and Protein Levels on the Utilization of Stearic Acid by Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii Juveniles

The effects of dietary stearic acid (SA) and crude protein (CP) levels on the utilization of SA as an energy source by freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) were determined by feeding and tracer experiments. Feeding experiments showed that M. rosenbergii juveniles fed diet 2 (2% SA + 35% CP) gave sig nificantly higher (p <0.05) weight gain, feed conversion efficiency (FCE), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) than those fed diet 4 (7% SA+50% CP), which provided the lowest weight gain, FCE, and PER. Diet 2 tended to give higher weight gain than diets 1 (0% SA+35% CP) and 3 (7% SA+35% CP), but no significant difference existed among the 3 dietary groups. The higher weight gain of prawns fed diet 2 (2% SA) compared with diet 1 (0% SA) indicated the positive contribution of SA as an energy source. Significantly higher SA and oleic acid levels were observed in prawns fed diets with 7% SA than those fed with 2% SA, indicating that dietary SA affected body fatty acid profile. Prawns fed diets con taining 35% CP had significantly higher PER than those fed 50% CP diets. Tracer experiments showed that M. rosenbergii juveniles utilized SA as an energy source as evi denced by expired 14CO2 after feeding with [14C]SA. Expired t4CO2 accounted for half of ingested radioactivity 48 h after feeding with labelled diets. The prawns fed diets containing 35% CP expired much more 14CO2 than those fed diet containing 50% CP, but no significant difference was detected (p>0.05).