Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinação dos metabolismos lático e alático da capacidade anaeróbia por meio do consumo de oxigênio

It has been suggested that the participation of alactic anaerobic metabolism (AAM) in physical activity can be estimated by calculating the fast component of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOCFAST). Considering that maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) represents the total amount of energy transferred by anaerobic metabolisms, this study aimed to analyze whether subtracting EPOCFAST from MAOD (MAODLA-1) provides a satisfactory estimate of lactic anaerobic metabolism (LAM). For this purpose, MAODLA-1 was compared with the method by which the energy derived from blood lactate accumulation (MAODLA-2) is expressed as oxygen equivalent. Nine active adult men were submitted to four experimental sessions: 1) a maximal incremental exercise test until exhaustion on a cycle ergometer to measure the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and the external power corresponding to VO2max (WVO2max); 2) and 3) six constant-workload tests (3 per session) at intensities below WVO2max; 4) one constant-workload test at an intensity corresponding to 110% of WVO2max. The main finding was that both methods (MAODLA-1 e MAODLA-2) that were used to estimate the contribution of LAM in MAOD resulted in similar statistical values (p > 0.05). In addition, percentage values of MAODLA-1 (representing MAL) and EPOCFAST (representing AAM) were approximately 78 and 22%, respectively. Thus, the procedure proposed in this paper may be of interest to future studies on the
Soil temperature and its association with maize yield variations in the Highlands of Kenya

summary In the Highlands of Kenya every 1-week delay in planting maize after the onset of the rains reduces the grain yield by approximately 0·6 t/ha. No satisfactory explanation has been found for this phenomenon. A physiological growth study was made on four dates of planting per year over 4 years. Early growth rates and maximum crop growth rates showed a progressive decline with delay in planting which resulted in smaller plants at 5 weeks post-emergence and at 50 % tassel emergence in maize planted later. There was a strong relationship between the size of plant at tasselling and the final grain yield and a highly significant relationship (r = 0·94) between the size of plant at 5 weeks post emergence and the final grain yield. Other environmental studies showed that soil temperature at 7·5 cm, coupled with a soil moisture stress factor, largely controlled the dry-matter production rate during early growth, and consideration of the mean value of these two variables over the first 5 weeks of growth accounted for 70% of the variation of dry matter at 5 weeks post-emergence. It was further shown that 82% of the variation in final grain yield caused by date of planting could be accounted for by consideration of the mean value of these two variables during the first 5 weeks of growth.
Nodulation of Mimosa spp. by the β-proteobacterium Ralstonia taiwanensis

Several β-proteobacteria have been isolated from legume root nodules and some of these are thought to be capable of nodulating and fixing N2. However, in no case has there been detailed studies confirming that they are the active symbionts. Here, Ralstonia taiwanensis LMG19424, which was originally isolated from Mimosa pudica nodules, was transformed to carry the green fluorescent protein (gfp) reporter gene before being used to inoculate axenically-grown seedlings of M. pudica and M. diplotricha. Plants were harvested at various intervals for 56 days after inoculation, then examined for evidence of infection and nodule formation. Nodulation of both Mimosa spp. was abundant, and acetylene reduction assays confirmed that nodules had nitrogenase activity. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed that fresh M. pudica nodules with nitrogenase activity had infected cells containing bacteroids expressing gfp. In parallel, fixed and embedded nodules from both Mimosa spp. were sectioned for light and elec.
Effects of Excessive Nutrient Supply and Short Day Treatment on Autumn Frost Hardiness and Time of Bud Break in Picea abies Seedlings

Contradictory results have been reported on the impact of needle nutrient concentration on frost hardiness in conifers. The aim of the present study was to test whether excessive nitrogen (N) supply would make seedlings of Picea abies (L.) Karst. more susceptible to autumn frost damage or lead to earlier bud break in the subsequent spring. Seedlings were grown in a greenhouse for one season and given a nutrient supply resulting in needle N concentrations ranging from 2.2 to 3.3%. Half of the seedlings with the lowest N fertilization were exposed to short day treatment for 3 weeks from mid August. No evidence was found in this experiment that excessive N concentrations in needles lead to increased autumn frost damage. Short day treatment resulted in less frost damage in autumn. No significant difference in time of bud break due to fertilization or day length was detected. This may have been due to a more uniform bud break caused by the storage and growth conditions.
The effect of vertebrate predation on lotic macroinvertebrate communities in Québec, Canada

To test the role of vertebrate predation on benthic community structure, experiments were performed in two third-order streams in northern Quebec, Canada. Predators were either enclosed in or excluded from replicate benthic cages (20 × 30 × 10 cm). Ruisseau du Cran Carre (RCC) has a normal complement of fish, while Low Hope Creek (LHC) is fishless. In June 1983, two species of fish were manipulated (one fish per cage, five replicate cages per treatment) in RCC, while the salamander Eurycea bislineata was manipulated in LHC. In August 1983, brook trout fry were manipulated in both streams. It was anticipated that the fauna in LHC, having had no previous contact with fish, would be more susceptible to fish predation than the fauna of RCC. Gut analysis revealed that fish did feed in the cages. However, neither fish predation nor salamander predation had significant effects on prey communities in either stream in June. Community parameters (species richness and diversity, and total numbers of individuals) wer.
Relationship between Measures of Exposure to PCBs/Dioxins and Behavioral Effects in Recent Developmental Studies

This paper does not reflect official EPA policy. Epidemiological studies on the neurodevelopmental effects of exposure to PCBs initiated in the last decade have had the opportunity to take advantage of modern methodologies for the analysis of congeners of PCBs, dioxins, and related orga-nochlorine compounds. Each of these studies is a longitudinal prospective study, in which women were recruited during pregnancy and the children are being followed for at least several years after birth. The study from which the largest body of data has been published to date is being performed in the Netherlands, in which exposure to PCBs and related compounds is through the general food supply. Mother-infant pairs were recruited in two cities. Half of the infants were bottle-fed and half breast-fed in each city. Four PCB congeners (118, 138, 153, 180) were assessed in maternal and cord plasma, breast milk, and plasma of the child at 3.5 years. TEQ in breast milk was calculated based on PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs. Various measures of in utero exposure were associated with suboptimal neurological status during infancy, whereas maternal plasma PCB concentration was associated with cognitive deficits (Kaufman scores) at 3.5 years of age. The child's concurrent plasma PCB levels and maternal PCB plasma levels independently predicted performance on various aspects of a vigilance task, and maternal and cord plasma levels predicted impairment of complex play behavior. Poor scores on behavioral ratings were associated with concurrent blood PCB concentrations in the child. A study in Oswego in Lake Ontario fish eaters includes mothers who never ate Great Lakes fish and mothers who consumed greater than 40 PCB-equivalent pounds of Lake Ontario fish over their lifetime. Sixty-eight PCB congeners were measured in cord blood. Suboptimal neurological status during infancy was associated with maternal fish consumption and highly chlorinated cord PCB levels, whereas deficits in short-term memory at 6 months and 1 year of age were associated with total chlorinated cord PCB levels. In a study in Germany of 171 mother-infant pairs, PCB congeners 138, 153, and 180 were measured in cord plasma and milk 2 weeks after birth; both measures are considered markers of in utero exposure. Suboptimal neurological status during infancy, decrements in Bayley scores at 30 months and Kaufman scores at 42 months were associated with PCBs in milk but not cord plasma. These studies, combined with data from previous studies, reveal a consistent relationship between PCB exposure and suboptimal neurological status during infancy, and cognitive deficits associated with in utero exposure. Data from the Dutch study revealed effects on other behavioral domains associated with concurrent (postnatal) exposure. Although it is not possible to identify specific congeners or groups of congeners that may be responsible for the neurotoxic effects observed in these studies, the TEQ approach was not particularly predictive for neurotoxic outcomes.
Responses of potato genotypes to drought. II. Leaf area index, growth and yield

Summary Canopy expansion, growth and yield were examined in 19 genotypes of potato (Solanurn tuberosum L.) grown either with irrigation or droughted from the time of plant emergence. In the irrigated treatment, genotypes differed both in the maximum leaf area index (Lai) achieved and in the duration the canopy was maintained. Drought reduced both the rate of canopy expansion and the maximum Lai achieved. In the droughted treatment, biomass production was correlated with leaf area duration. The relation between the effect of drought on the growth of individual leaves and biomass or yield is examined. It is concluded that selection for early leaf appearance combined with the ability to sustain leaf growth with increasing soil moisture deficit (SMD) would improve productivity in the presence of drought.
Metals-contaminated benthic invertebrates in the Clark Fork River Montana: effects on age-0 brown trout and rainbow trout

Benthic organisms in the upper Clark Fork River have recently been implicated as a dietary source of metals that may be a chronic problem for young-of-the-year rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In this present study, early life stage brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout were exposed for 88 d to simulated Clark Fork River water and a diet of benthic invertebrates collected from the river. These exposures resulted in reduced growth and elevated levels of metals in the whole body of both species. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, and Pb increased in whole brown trout; in rainbow trout, As and Cd increased in whole fish, and As also increased in liver. Brown trout on the metals-contaminated diets exhibited constipation, gut impaction, increased cell membrane damage (lipid peroxidation), decreased digestive enzyme production (zymogen), and a sloughing of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells. Rainbow trout fed the contaminated diets exhibited constipation and reduced feeding activity. We believe that the .
Sorovares de leptospiras predominantes em exames sorológicos de bubalinos, ovinos, caprinos, eqüinos, suínos e cães de diversos estados brasileiros

From 1984 to 1997 15.558 sorologic tests to leptospirosis were performed (MAT with 24 leptospires serovars) in 284 sheeps, 879 boffaloes, 983 dogs, 1.941 goats, 2.903 horses and 8.568 swines. The distribuition of animals examined by species and state were: sheeps - SP (100%); buffaloes - SP (100%); dogs - SP (80.7%), RS (0.10%), SC (0.10%) and PI (19.0%); goats - SP (33.1%), PB (63.7%) and CE (3.2%); horses - SP (79.3%), RS (9.98%), SC (0.62%), PR (2.5%), RJ (0.17%), MG (1.96%), MT (3.99%), PB (1.3%) and PI (0.03%); swines - SP (61.91%), RS (0.3%), SC (5.95%), PR (3.67%), RJ (0.88%), MG (24.38%), GO (1.12%), SE (0.2%), PE (0.90%), CE (0.34%) and MA (0.1%). From the sheeps tested, 54.5% were examined between 1996 and 97. 33.3% between 1989 and 1990 and 12.2% in the other years; buffaloes - 21.7% from 1984 to 95 and 78.83% between 1996 and 97; dogs - 16.91% from 1984 to 92 and 83.09% from 1993 to 97; goats - 6.97% from 1984 to 91 and 93.09% from 1992 to 97, althought 49% were concerning to 1992; horses - 18.1% from 84 to 90 and 81.9% from 1991 to 97; swines - 61.16% concerning 1990, 91, 95 and 96. The proportion of reactors to at least one leptospira serovar presented the following average and most frequent serovars: sheeps - 0.70% and icterohaemorrhagiae like most frequent serovar; buffaloes - 43.7% and serovars hardjo and pomona; dogs - 17.7% and serovar icterohaemorrhagiae in SP and pyrogenes in PI; goats - 4.17% and icterohaemorrhagiae and grippotyphosa in CE, icterohaemorrhagiae in PB and pyrogenes in SP; horses - 29% and serovar icterohaemorrhagiae in PR, SC, SP, RJ e MG, grippotyphosa in MT, pyrogenes in PB and patoc in RS; swines -24.46% and serovar grippotyphosa and icterohaemorrhagiae in MG, pomona in RS, pomona and icterohaemorrhagiae in PE and RJ, autumnalis in CE and icterohaemorrhagiae in GO, PR, SC e SP.
Outbreak of bacterial canker on Hort16A (Actinidia chinensis Planchon) caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in Korea

Abstract Bacterial canker was first observed on the kiwifruit cv. ‘Hort16A (Actinidia chinensis)’ in Jeju Province, Korea, in spring 2006. Die back or blight on young canes, often with red-rusty exudation on canes or trunks, and dark brown irregular spots surrounded with yellowish halos on leaves are the typical symptoms. These symptoms closely resemble those caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae on the kiwifruit cv. ‘Hayward (Actinidia deliciosa)’. A sudden outbreak and rapid spread of the bacterial canker resulted in the death of severely infected vines and eradication of completely devastated orchards of the kiwifruit cv. ‘Hort16A’. Contaminated pruning shears and climatic conditions appear to have been responsible for the sudden outbreak and rapid spread of the epidemics on the kiwifruit cv. ‘Hort16A’ vines. The causal bacterium was isolated from diseased vines of the kiwifruit cv. ‘Hort16A’ and identified as P. syringae pv. actinidiae, which is the same bacterial pathogen responsible for cankers on the kiwifruit cv. ‘Hayward’ by morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical, molecular and pathogenicity analyses.
Scorpion stings in pregnancy: an analysis of outcomes in 66 envenomed pregnant patients in Iran

Abstract Background: Scorpionism is one of the most important health problems in tropical regions, which unfortunately results in thousands of deaths annually. Pregnant women are potential victims in areas with high scorpion-sting prevalence. Limited medical data are available on the effects of scorpion envenomation in pregnant women. This study aimed to examine the effect of scorpion envenomation on pregnancy outcomes in 66 cases. Methods: The present descriptive/analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 66 scorpion-envenomed pregnant women referred to the clinical toxicology unit of Ahvaz Razi Hospital in Iran during 2015-2017. The variables assessed in all cases, via questionnaire and hospital medical records, were: age, patient residency, gestational week, status of the fetus, laboratory anomalies, clinical severity of envenomation, sting site and scorpion species. Pregnancy outcome (miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm birth, normal delivery) and status of the newborns were also evaluated. Data were analyzed using SPSS ® software (version 24.0). Results: The following pregnancy outcomes were recorded from envenomed pregnant women: miscarriage = 1.5% (n = 1), stillbirth = 4.5% (n = 3), preterm birth = 10.6% (n = 7), normal birth = 83% (n = 55). Among participants whose pregnancy led to birth, 11(17.7%) cases had prenatal-neonatal complications. Neonatal complications, including Apgar score less than 8 points at 5 min, were found in 7 (11.3%) preterm birth cases and in 4 (6.4%) normal birth cases, along with birth weight below 2500 g in normal births. A significant relationship was found between adverse pregnancy outcomes and bite location, as well as scorpion species, but no relationship was found with other variables. Conclusion: Envenomation significantly contributes to preterm birth. Moreover, the location of bites and the type of scorpion species have a decisive role in the pregnancy outcome of scorpion-envenomed pregnant women.
Seedling Recruitment and Sapling Retention Following Thinning, Chipping, and Prescribed Fire in Mixed Sierra Nevada Conifer

Thinning implemented with a cut-to-length harvesting system coupled with on-site slash mastication and redistribution and followed by prescribed underburning were evaluated for their impacts on seedling and sapling demography in an uneven-aged, eastern Sierran mixed conifer stand. Species composition consisted of California white fir (Abies concolor var. lowiana [Gord.] Lemm.), Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.), sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.), incense-cedar (Libocedrus decurrens Torr.), and red fir (Abies magnifica A. Murr.), but the former was preponderant in both the overstory and regeneration. The mechanized treatments facilitated the establishment of white and red fir and incense-cedar seedlings more so than those of Jeffrey and sugar pine, but sapling losses incurred from their implementation were severe and largely of white fir. Prescription fire promoted the establishment of Jeffrey pine seedlings, and to a lesser degree those of white fir, over incense-cedar and red fir, while it diminished sapling abundance in the absence of the mechanized treatments and essentially eliminated this size class when preceded by them, with sapling losses again largely white fir. Continuous establishment of natural regeneration and its survival are essential in perpetuating an uneven-aged forest structure, and these results provide land managers insight into the impacts of treatments designed for sensitive sites on seedlings and saplings in eastern Sierra Nevada mixed conifer and similar forest types.
Integrating oral PrEP delivery among African women in a large HIV endpoint‐driven clinical trial

Global guidelines emphasize the ethical obligation of investigators to help participants in HIV‐endpoint trials reduce HIV risk by offering an optimal HIV prevention package. Oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has increasingly become part of state‐of‐the‐art HIV prevention. Here we describe the process of integrating oral PrEP delivery into the HIV prevention package of the Evidence for Contraceptive Options and HIV Outcomes (ECHO) Trial.
Ecological patterns of distribution on gradients of elevation and species diversity of snakes in southern Taiwan

The study was conducted in southern Taiwan, along a road traversing the study area from 287 to 1680 m a.s. l. from May to October 2003 to investigate the distribution patterns and species diversity of the snakes. A total of 69 individual snakes belonging to 16 species were recorded. The Shannon's index and evenness index of the full study area were 2.4337 and 0.8777, respectively. Moreover, evenness index was 401 to 700 m > 1001 to 1300 m > 701 to 1000 m > 1301 to 1600 m altitudinal zone. The Shannon's index, DMG, and the reciprocal form of the Berger-Parker index (1/d) were 1001 to 1300 m > 401 to 700 m > 701 to 1000 m > 1301 to 1600 m altitudinal zone. Thirty-seven snakes were found in natural forest, 12 in plantation forest, 8 in secondary forest, and 12 in agricultural lands. I concluded that the highest species richness and diversity are found in mid-altitudinal mountains in southern Taiwan.
On the reproduction of the Mediterranean keystone limpet Patella rustica: histological overview

The reproductive cycle of the high shore limpet Patella rustica is described based on histological analysis as the primary method of staging gonad development. Sex-ratios, shell length at sexual maturity, gonad developmental stages, mean gonad index and oocyte size were investigated. Males and females were found to differ in size distribution, with females becoming more prevalent from ~28 mm onwards. The estimated shell length at which 50% of males were sexually mature was 13.1 mm. Patella rustica has only one reproductive cycle per year with a spawning peak between November and December for both sexes, and gonad redevelopment from January. First data on the size–frequency analysis of oocytes for this species are also presented, concurring with the qualitative analysis of the gonad developmental stages. This study presents updated information on the reproductive cycle of this keystone species and provides the first account of the reproductive biology of P. rustica in the Adriatic Sea.
Effects of constant vs variable dietary protein content on milk production and N utilization in dairy cows

Abstract Forty-two lactating Holstein cows were divided into two groups, control (C) and test (T), and used in a cross-over design. In each group cows were also divided in three subgroups on the basis of milk yield: low (L), medium (M) and high (H). C cows were fed a diet with 15.4% CP on DM. T cows were fed three diets with the CP content (% DM) adjusted to milk yield (13.6, 15.2 and 17.2 for diets TL, TM and TH). At the highest level of production TH diet improved milk yield (kg/d) (38.9 C vs 41.0 TH) and FCM (kg/d) (39.6 C vs 40.6 TH) (P<0.05). No differences were detected for TL and TM diets compared to C. For L and H subgroups milk urea (mg/dl) was increased by the higher CP diets (28 C vs 24 TL; 30 C vs 36 TH; P<0.05). N efficiency (milk N, %N intake) was higher with lower CP diets (22 C vs 25 TL; 32 C vs 29 TH) and for increased milk yield. An adequate CP content of the diet enhances milk production in high yielding dairy cows, but an excessive amount of dietary N increases milk urea and N excretion.
A Review of the Yield Losses in Graminaceous Crops Caused by Chilo spp.

A review of the losses caused by various species of Chilo, methodologies adopted for the assessment of losses and information generated on the models for the effect of Chilo species on the yield of graminaceous crops is given. RésuméUne revue sur les pertes occasionnees par les diverses especes du genre Chilo, sur les methodologies pour evaluer les pertes ainsi que sur les informations issues des modeles relatifs a l’effet de Chilo spp. sur le rendement des plantes cerealieres est presentee ici.
Niger's Threatened Park W

The author spent three years (1969–1972) in Niger's National Park W (sq called because of its shape), working for the Government as a wildlife biologist. This article contains notes on the three animals that have become extinct in Niger in the last few decades and also on those that are rapidly disappearing today.