Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AVALIAÇÃO DA EFICIÊNCIA DAS VÁRIAS FASES DE UM SISTEMA DE TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTES

The treatment of the wastewater can be processed by either physical-chemical and or biological methods. Biological methods in turn can be divided into aerobic and anaerobic. The utilization anything process usually have for objective to remove the organ matter and, the performance is variable depending on the device utilized. The purpose of the present work is to evaluate the treatment wastewater system with primary, secondary and auxiliary treatments. The primary treatment consists of a dispositive that blockade bulky materials and the sand excluder for removing the inert materials. The secondary, responsible for the organic charge elimination is realized by up flow of an anaerobic sludge mantle filter. The auxiliary treatment is a polishing pond. The evaluation was made through the determination of pH, Consumed Oxygen (CO/COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), COD/BOD relation, alkalinity, volatile fatty acids (VFA), total nitrogen, ammonium, nitrate, total phosphorus, turbidity and settable solids determination. The results showed that the biological process used is appropriate given that the ratio COD / BOD is less than 2.5, the system was capable of removing organic matter in terms of OC and BOD at the rates of 43.1 % and 44.8 % respectively when the concentration of total phosphorus in polishing pond is high, which can cause eutrophication.
Persistence, leachability and lateral movement of triclopyr (Garlon) in selected Canadian forestry soils

Triclopyr [[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)oxy]acetic acid, Garlon 4E] was moderately persistent in sandy and clay soils at a Northern Ontario site. Times to 50% and 90% disappearance were 2 and 4 weeks, respectively, regardless of soil type. Evidence of triclopyr leaching in response to heavy rainfall was observed 7 days after application in both soils, but residues of triclopyr at a depth of 25-30 cm never exceeded 6 micrograms/kg, when present. In a study of lateral movement of triclopyr with runoff water, residues (in the range 0.01-0.96 micrograms/L) were recovered in a collection ditch 12-13 m downslope; however, there was no evidence of mass movement of triclopyr at quantifiable levels (0.54 micrograms/kg) downslope in the soil. Field studies of persistence and mobility confirmed earlier laboratory results and indicate that environmental problems are unlikely to occur as a result of excessive triclopyr persistence and/or mobility in soils typical of Northern Ontario forestry areas.
Etude des émulsions cosmétiques aux extraits naturels par des méthodes rhéologiques (effet de la température)

Les produits cosmetiques anti-âge jouent un role important dans la vie moderne. Habituellement ces produits contiennent des substances anti-oxydantes dont beaucoup sont d’origine naturelle (extraits de plantes). Les cremes de soin pour la peau classiques sont basees sur des emulsions huile/eau. Le but de ce travail est de realiser des compositions cosmetiques a base d’extraits naturels de plantes et d’etudier leur comportement rheologique a differentes temperatures. Les preparations etudiees etaient composees d’acide stearique, de paraffine liquide et d’extraits de plantes dans de l’huile d’olive et du glycerol. Les tests rheologiques et les observations microscopiques ont ete effectues 24 heures apres la preparation des emulsions. Les tests de stabilite physique ont ete effectues de facon suivante : les preparations sont restees 5 jours a une temperature de 40°C, puis 5 jours a une temperature de -28°C. Suite a ce traitement des essais rheologiques et des observations microscopiques ont ete realises pour detecter la variation de la distribution des gouttelettes par taille. Des informations supplementaires ont ete obtenues grâce a l’etude du comportement visqueux des preparations a des temperatures differentes : 22, 30, 40 et 50°C. Nous avons trouve que la temperature influence la region lineaire viscoelastique et que la concentration en acide stearique influence la position de la courbe G`, ce qui peut etre compense par la variation de la temperature du systeme.
Effect of Irradiation on pH, Color, and Sensory Quality of Cooked Pork Sausage with Added Chitosan Oligomer

The combined effect of water-soluble chitosan oligomer and irradiation on changes in quality of pork sausage made with (156 ppm) or without NaNO₂ was determined. The pH of nonirradiated sausage without NaNO₂ decreased significantly during 3 wks of storage, but the pH of irradiated sausage did not. Irradiation at 4.5 k㏉ did not increase the Hunter color a-value but 10 and 20 k㏉ showed significantly higher a-values in the sausage with chitosan oligomer (p＜0.05). The sausage with NaNO₂ had higher sensory scores than that without NaNO₂, and irradiated sausage had lower scores in overall acceptance. Results indicate that further research is needed to achieve consumers sensory standards for irradiating cooked meat products.
Microwave assisted synthesis of Cu2ZnSnS4 colloidal nanoparticle inks

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanoparticle inks were synthesized for the first time by a one‐pot synthesis method using microwave heating. Precursor solutions were mixed and reacted at 190 °C for 30 min. Varying the initial concentration of the metal chlorides in ethylene glycol was necessary to avoid formation of copper rich and zinc poor nanoparticles. Analysis of the reaction supernatant indicates that Cu+ was fully utilized while significant amounts of Zn2+ remained unreacted. The CZTS nanoparticles were determined to be 7.6 ± 2.1 nm in diameter and were found to agglomerate into larger clusters. A solar cell fabricated with the CZTS nanoparticles had a conversion efficiency of 0.25%.
Nematic 2,5-disubstituted thiophenes

A large number of new liquid crystals incorporating the 2,5-disubstituted thiophene ring have been prepared and their mesomorphic behaviour studied in order to systematically investigate the correlation between the molecular structure and mesomorphism of thiophene derivatives with different shapes, polarisability and polarity. As a consequence of these investigations we have prepared a new class of liquid crystals incorporating a 2,5-disubstituted thiophene ring and a conjugated trans-carbon–carbon double bond in the terminal chain. These novel thiophene derivatives are the first liquid crystals incorporating a 2,5-disubstituted thiophene ring to exhibit a nematic phase at room temperature. This enables the flexoelectric coefficients of a bent-shaped molecule to be measured directly and at room temperature for the first time to the authors' knowledge. Many of these new thiophenes exhibit a high birefringence and a high nematic clearing point and are of potential use as components of nematic mixtures in LCDs.
Investigation Of Redox-active Ruthenium(ii) Polypyridyl Complexes As Potential Anti-cancer Drugs

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to my Ph.D. advisor Prof Frederick M. MacDonnell for all his support and guidance throughout the course of my graduate work. Fred has been an inspiring leader and a very supportive and understanding mentor. Always bursting with energy and new ideas, he has taught me to work with ease in a highly dynamic multidisciplinary environment interfacing inorganic chemistry and biological sciences. I feel his guidance, support, understanding, infinite patience and constant encouragement have been instrumental in bringing my graduate research study where it is today. Working with Fred made me more independent and responsible which I believe is the most important aspect in anyone's career. Also, I thank him for his support for the industrial internship at Bristol-copious knowledge and teaching. Special thanks go out to all past and present members of Dr. Nancy Boone and Yvonne Russell as well as the staff in graduate school especially Ginger Dickens for assisting me with everything possible in my graduate studies. I would also like to thank Satu O. Birch from international office for helping a lot in my paper work. Arlington and National Cancer Institute for support (Grant R15-CA113747) is deeply appreciated. Lastly a special note of thanks goes to two of my friends, Preeti Sejwal in Syracuse University for helping me in all aspects in my life and Sabuj Mukherjee who is like a brother to me and whose sympathetic understanding and unwavering cooperation gave me the support I needed the most in Arlington, without both of them besides me completing this dissertation would have been a very difficult endeavor. I would like to make a special mention of my mom-dad and my sisters who have offered me unconditional love throughout these years none of this would have been possible without them. One more thing I would like to add is that to achieve something in life you have to devote yourself entirely into it, for that you need to make a lot of critical decisions and sometimes make sacrifices too, it is you who know if it is worth a sacrifice. The years I spent here will be with me throughout my life and I cherish that.
Thermodynamics of Natural and Synthetic Inhibitor Binding to Human Hsp90

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is one of conserved heat shock proteins that protect, prevent aggregation, stabilize, activate, or otherwise regulate client proteins, is a component of the cellular chaperone machinery [Taipale et al., 2010, Taldone et al., 2009, Wandinger et al., 2008]. There are a number of recent developments in the understanding of the interesting and complex mechanism of Hsp90 action [Neckers et al., 2009a, Neckers et al., 2009b, Mayer et al., 2009, Walerych et al., 2009]. Hsp90 is over-expressed in cancer cells and Hsp90 inhibitors have shown selectivity for cancer cells. Therefore, small-molecule inhibitors are being developed as anticancer therapeutics [van Montfort and Workman, 2009, Sharp et al., 2007, Sgobba and Rastelli, 2009, Fukuyo et al., 2009]. Two groups of Hsp90 inhibitors have been designed based on naturally occuring inhibitors geldanamycin and radicicol. Geldanamycin has been modified to 17-AAG, while various resorcinol-bearing compounds were designed based on radicicol. Here we describe the thermodynamics of their binding to Hsp90 by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and thermal shift assay (TSA). These assays yield not only the potency, i.e. the Gibbs free energy of binding, but also the enthalpy of binding, the entropy of binding, and the heat capacity of binding. This detailed thermodynamic description and the comparison between homologous compound structures, coupled with structural information of the Hsp90inhibitor complex, provides insight into the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of the compounds. The SAR helps in the process of rational drug design [Freire, 2009].
La pared celular. Influencia de su naturaleza en la degradación microbiana ruminal de los forrajes

En el articulo se revisan investigaciones recientes que han permitido cambiar la nocion sobre la estructura rigida y estatica asignada a la pared celular, por la de una extension virtual del citoplasma. Ademas, se discuten aspectos de su naturaleza quimica, referentes a la composicion y organizacion de sus componentes individuales que controlan su estructura y funcion, asi como la influencia de su naturaleza en el proceso de digestion ruminal. Estos estudios son imprescindibles para poder desarrollar procedimientos conceptuales idoneos y propios de nuestra zona tropical. Se demuestra que la estructura de la pared celularvegetal es muy compleja y variable, tanto quimica como histologicamente y es la que condiciona el modo de ataque microbiano a los polisacaridos estructurales, y en ultimo termino, el ritmo y extension de la degradacion microbiana ruminal. Estos estudios conducen a un manejo mas eficiente de los pastos y forrajes que permitiran lograr mayor sostenibilidad en nuestros agroecosistemas.
Desempenho de duas espécies de eucalipto em solo com elevados teores de Mn

Currently, there is considerable interest in developing strategies that are efficient and durable in the remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals. This study aimed to evaluate the development of Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus saligna grown in contaminated substrate with Mn collected in the area near the Port of Itaguai and location of disposal of hazardous waste of Cia Mercantil and Industrial Inga in Itaguai. The substrate was treated with two industrial waste, with a characteristic alkaline (slag of melt shop) and another with high content of iron oxide (lamination of scale). It was found that the untreated substrate, had a high content of Mn in fractions phytoavailable, being these values toxic to the species. The treatments caused a reduction in the concentrations of Mn in solution and exchangeable (fractions phytoavailable) and increase in more stable phases. The lowest dose of slay of melt shop was enough to decrease the concentrations of Mn in solution, and this effect is evidenced by the development of plants and in the higher dose of slay of melt shop the growth of studied species was more. Eucalyptus urophylla showed greater development and greater extraction of this element.
A parameterization of cloud droplet nucleation

Droplet nucleation is a fundamental cloud process. The number of aerosols activated to form cloud droplets influences not only the number of aerosols scavenged by clouds but also the size of the cloud droplets. Cloud droplet size influences the cloud albedo and the conversion of cloud water to precipitation. Global aerosol models are presently being developed with the intention of coupling with global atmospheric circulation models to evaluate the influence of aerosols and aerosol-cloud interactions on climate. If these and other coupled models are to address issues of aerosol-cloud interactions, the droplet nucleation process must be adequately represented. Here we introduce a droplet nucleation parametrization that offers certain advantages over the popular Twomey (1959) parameterization.
Extremely low temperature growth of ZnO by atomic layer deposition

We report on the zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films obtained by the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method using diethyl zinc and water precursors, which allowed us to lower deposition temperature to below 200 °C. The so-obtained “as grown” ZnO layers are polycrystalline and show excitonic photoluminescence (PL) at room temperature, even if the deposition temperature was lowered down to 100 °C. Defect-related PL bands are of low intensity and are absent for layers grown at 140−200 °C. This is evidence that extremely low temperature growth by ALD can result in high quality ZnO thin films with inefficient nonradiative decay channels and with thermodynamically blocked self-compensation processes.
Effects of temperature, storage time and pH on survival of Escherichia coli in source‐separated yellowwater

Laboratory‐scale experiments on the survival of Escherichia coli in raw, undiluted, freshly collected, source‐separated yellowwater were performed. Concentrations of E. coli and its survival at different temperature regimes and storage times were measured in yellowwater originally cross‐contaminated with faeces and yellowwater purposely contaminated (deliberately spiked) with faecal material. The temperature regimes of cold (4°C), mild (10°C) and warm (22°C) were the limited factors, whereas the storage time of the contaminated yellowwater was unlimited and lasted until the E. coli concentrations reached the limit of detection of < 1 Most Probable Number (MPN)/100 mL. Temperature and pH played the main role in the inactivation and longevity of E. coli in source‐separated yellowwater. The mild storage conditions were the most favourable for the persistence of E. coli, which reached 40 days with a concentration of 2.0 E+03 MPN in 100 mL of undiluted yellowwater.
Identification of enantiomorphically related space groups by electron diffraction – a second method

A method is described for enantiomorphic space-group determination which depends upon a simple analysis of a single convergent-beam diffraction pattern. The method, which in principle may be applied to any enantiomorph, is here used to identify the space group of dextrorotatory α-quartz. In this, a four-beam pattern is analysed by visual matching to an analogue computer display.
Introduction of peroxo groups into titania: preparation, characterization and properties of the new peroxo-containing phase

A new phase, where peroxo groups are incorporated into titania particles, along with anatase and hydrated η-TiO2 with peroxo groups on the surface of titania nanoparticles were prepared by introduction of H2O2 into reaction mixtures while synthesizing TiO2 from TiOSO4 or by cold impregnation of pre-synthesized TiO2. The samples were studied by a range of methods (classical and synchrotron-radiation X-ray powder diffraction, small-angle X-ray scattering, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, IR and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflectance and absorption spectroscopy, DSC). The [TiOx(O2)2−x(H2O)m] phase was first structurally characterized and compared to η-TiO2. Most samples of H2O2-sensitized TiO2 discolor methyl orange under visible light irradiation faster than commercial Hombikat UV100 treated with H2O2. The activity of the samples strongly relating to their phase composition was associated with the existence of a large amount of titanium peroxo complexes along with formation of mixed-phase samples.
Photoluminescence and Crystal Structure of Green-Emitting Ca3Sc2Si3O12 : Ce3 + Phosphor for White Light Emitting Diodes

We have developed a new oxide-based phosphor Ca 3 Sc 2 Si 3 O 12 :Ce 3+ , which is applicable as a green-emitting color converter for white light emitting diodes (LEDs). This phosphor absorbs blue light around 450 nm and emits green luminescence, with a peak wavelength around 505 nm. It is a promising candidate for application in LEDs as quenching of the phosphor at 150°C was smaller than that of Y 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce yellow phosphor. A white LED with high color rendering was fabricated by combining this phosphor with a blue GaN LED and a red phosphor. The luminescence of this phosphor is derived from the 5d-4f transition of the Ce ion and the luminescence decay curve fit a single exponential function. This phosphor has a garnet-type host crystal structure. X-ray absorption fine structure analysis showed that Ce ions replaced the Ca position of the host crystal as Ce 3+ .
DECOMPOSITION OF RICE RESIDUE IN TROPICAL SOILS : I. Nitrogen Uptake by Rice Plants from Straw Incorporated, Fertilizer (Ammonium Sulfate) and Soil

Abstract The decomposition processes of intact rice residue (leaf blades) in Maahas soil of the Philippines were investigated by incubation experiments at 30°C. The experiments dealt with nitrogen immobilization by rice residue under lowland and upland conditions. Rice residue which is low in nitrogen. absorbed nitrogen from the soil and from the added fertilizer (ammonium sulfate) during its decomposition under both conditions. Under lowland conditions, the amount of nitrogen immobilized was small during the first week but became large after 2 or 3 weeks. Under upland conditions the immobilized nitrogen reached its maximum during the first week but the amount was not so large as under lowland conditions. The added fertilizer stimulated decrease of weight of the rice residue early in the incubation period but retarded it later under both conditions. The absorption of fertilizer by rice residue ceased at the early stage of the residue decomposition, but the nitrogen content of the residue continued to incr.
Imaging Lithium Atoms at Sub-Angstrom Resolution

John Cowley and his group at ASU were pioneers in the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for high-resolution imaging. Three decades ago they achieved images showing the crystal unit cell content at better than 4A resolution. Over the years, this achievement has inspired improvements in resolution that have enabled researchers to pinpoint the positions of heavy atom columns within the cell. More recently, this ability has been extended to light atoms as resolution has improved. Sub-Angstrom resolution has enabled researchers to image the columns of light atoms (carbon, oxygen and nitrogen) that are present in many complex structures. By using sub-Angstrom focal-series reconstruction of the specimen exit surface wave to image columns of cobalt, oxygen, and lithium atoms in a transition metal oxide structure commonly used as positive electrodes in lithium rechargeable batteries, we show that the range of detectable light atoms extends to lithium. HRTEM at sub-Angstrom resolution will provide the essential role of experimental verification for the emergent nanotech revolution. Our results foreshadow those to be expected from next-generation TEMs with CS-corrected lenses and monochromated electron beams.
Frequency–current relationships of rat hindlimb α‐motoneurones

The purpose of this study was to describe the frequency–current (f–I) relationships of hindlimb α‐motoneurones (MNs) in both anaesthetized and decerebrate rats in situ. Sprague–Dawley rats (250–350 g) were anaesthetized with ketamine and xylazine (KX) or subjected to a precollicular decerebration prior to recording electrophysiological properties from sciatic nerve MNs. Motoneurones from KX‐anaesthetized rats had a significantly (P < 0.01) hyperpolarized resting membrane potential and voltage threshold (Vth), increased rheobase current, and a trend (P= 0.06) for a smaller after‐hyperpolarization (AHP) amplitude compared to MNs from decerebrate rats. In response to 5 s ramp current injections, MNs could be categorized into four f–I relationship types: (1) linear; (2) adapting; (3) linear + sustained; and (4) late acceleration. Types 3 and 4 demonstrated self‐sustained firing owing to activation of persistent inward current (PIC). We estimated the PIC amplitude by subtracting the current at spike derecruitment from the current at spike recruitment. Neither estimated PIC nor f–I slopes differed between fast and slow MNs (slow MNs exhibited AHP half‐decay times > 20 ms) or between MNs from KX‐anaesthetized and decerebrate rats. Motoneurones from KX‐anaesthetized rats had significantly (P < 0.02) hyperpolarized ramp Vth values and smaller and shorter AHP amplitudes and decay times compared to MNs from decerebrate rats. Pentobarbitone decreased the estimated PIC amplitude and almost converted the f–I relationship from type 3 to type 1. In summary, MNs of animals subjected to KX anaesthesia required more current for spike initiation and rhythmic discharge but retained large PICs and self‐sustained firing. The KX‐anaesthestized preparation enables direct recording of PICs in MNs from intact animals.
Introduction to Thermal Analysis: Techniques and applications

1. Introduction. 2. Thermal Events. 3. Thermogravimetry (TG). 4. Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). 5. Thermoptometry. 6. Thermomechanometry. 7. Combination of Thermal Analysis Techniques. 8. Evolved Gas Analysis (EGA). 9. Less-Common Techniques. 10. Reaction Kinetics from Thermal Analysis. 11. Purity Determination Using DSC. 12. Conclusions. Appendices. A: Literature. B: Major Suppliers of Thermal Analysis Equipment. C: Data Processing in Thermal Analysis. D: Introductory Experiments. E: Example Examination Questions. Explanation of the Symbols Used in the Text. Index.