Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Absence of the Rashba effect in undoped asymmetric quantum wells

To an electron moving in free space an electric field appears as a magnetic field which interacts with and can reorient the electron’s spin. In semiconductor quantum wells this spin-orbit interaction seems to offer the possibility of gate-voltage control in spintronic devices but, as the electrons are subject to both ion-core and macroscopic structural potentials, this over-simple picture has lead to intense debate. For example, an externally applied field acting on the envelope of the electron wavefunction determined by the macroscopic potential, underestimates the experimentally observed spin-orbit field by many orders of magnitude while Ehrenfest’s theorem suggests that it should actually be zero. Here we challenge, both experimentally and theoretically, the widely held belief that any inversion asymmetry of the macroscopic potential, not only electric field, will produce a significant spin-orbit field for electrons. This conclusion has far-reaching consequences for the design of spintronic devices while illuminating important fundamental physics.
The Antiplatelet Effect of 4-Methylcatechol in a Real Population Sample and Determination of the Mechanism of Action

A polyphenol-rich diet has beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. However, dietary polyphenols generally have low bioavailability and reach low plasma concentrations. Small phenolic metabolites of these compounds formed by human microbiota are much more easily absorbable and could be responsible for this effect. One of these metabolites, 4-methylcatechol (4-MC), was suggested to be a potent anti-platelet compound. The effect of 4-MC was tested ex vivo in a group of 53 generally healthy donors using impedance blood aggregometry. The mechanism of action of this compound was also investigated by employing various aggregation inducers/inhibitors and a combination of aggregometry and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. 4-MC was confirmed to be more potent than acetylsalicylic acid on both arachidonic acid and collagen-triggered platelet aggregation. Its clinically relevant effect was found even at a concentration of 10 μM. Mechanistic studies showed that 4-MC is able to block platelet aggregation caused by the stimulation of different pathways (receptors for the von Willebrand factor and platelet-activating factor, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, protein kinase C, intracellular calcium elevation). The major mechanism was defined as interference with cyclooxygenase-thromboxane synthase coupling. This study confirmed the strong antiplatelet potential of 4-MC in a group of healthy donors and defined its mechanism of action.
DUAL SPACE AND HYPERDIMENSION OF COMPACT HYPERGROUPS

Abstract We characterize dual spaces and compute hyperdimensions of irreducible representations for two classes of compact hypergroups namely conjugacy classes of compact groups and compact hypergroups constructed by joining compact and finite hypergroups. Also, studying the representation theory of finite hypergroups, we highlight some interesting differences and similarities between the representation theories of finite hypergroups and finite groups. Finally, we compute the Heisenberg inequality for compact hypergroups.
Analysis of boundary-domain integral equations based on a new parametrix for the mixed diffusion BVP with variable coefficient in an interior Lipschitz domain

A mixed boundary value problem for the partial differential equation of diffusion in an inhomogeneous medium in a Lipschitz domain is reduced to a system of direct segregated parametrix-based Boundary-Domain Integral Equations (BDIEs). We use a parametrix different from the one employed in the papers by Mikhailov (2002, 2006) and Chkadua, Mikhailov, Natroshvili (2009). We prove the equivalence between the original BVP and the corresponding BDIE system. The invertibility and Fredholm properties of the boundary-domain integral operators are also analysed.
Quasisymmetric rigidity in one-dimensional dynamics

In the late 1980's Sullivan initiated a programme to prove quasisymmetric rigidity in one-dimensional dynamics: interval or circle maps that are topologically conjugate are quasisymmetrically conjugate (provided some obvious necessary assumptions are satisfied). The aim of this paper is to conclude this programme in a natural class of $C^3$ mappings. Examples of such rigidity were established previously, but not, for example, for real polynomials with non-real critical points. Our results are also new for analytic mappings. The main new ingredients of the proof in the real analytic case are (i) the existence of infinitely many (complex) domains associated to its complex analytic extension so that these domains and their ranges are compatible, (ii) a methodology for showing that combinatorially equivalent complex box mappings are qc conjugate, (iii) a methodology for constructing qc conjugacies in the presence of parabolic periodic points. For a $C^3$ mapping, the dilatation of a high iterate of any complex extension of the real map will in general be unbounded. To deal with this, we introduce dynamically defined $qc\backslash bg$ $partitions$, where the appropriate mapping has bounded quasiconformal dilatation, except on sets with "bounded geometry". To obtain such a partition we prove that we have very good geometric control for infinitely many dynamically defined domains. Some of these results are new even for real polynomials, and in fact an important sequence of domains turn out to be quasidiscs. This technology also gives a new method for dealing with the infinitely renormalizable case. We will briefly also discuss why quasisymmetric rigidity is such a useful property in one-dimensional dynamics.
High moments of the Estermann function

For $a/q\in\mathbb{Q}$ the Estermann function is defined as $D(s,a/q):=\sum_{n\geq1}d(n)n^{-s}\operatorname{e}(n\frac aq)$ if $\Re(s)>1$ and by meromorphic continuation otherwise. For $q$ prime, we compute the moments of $D(s,a/q)$ at the central point $s=1/2$, when averaging over $1\leq a<q$. As a consequence we deduce the asymptotic for the iterated moment of Dirichlet $L$-functions $\sum_{\chi_1,\dots,\chi_k\mod q}|L(\frac12,\chi_1)|^2\cdots |L(\frac12,\chi_k)|^2|L(\frac12,\chi_1\cdots \chi_k)|^2$, obtaining a power saving error term. Also, we compute the moments of certain functions defined in terms of continued fractions. For example, writing $f_{\pm}(a/q):=\sum_{j=0}^r (\pm1)^jb_j$ where $[0;b_0,\dots,b_r]$ is the continued fraction expansion of $a/q$ we prove that for $k\geq2$ and $q$ primes one has $\sum_{a=1}^{q-1}f_{\pm}(a/q)^k\sim2 \frac{\zeta(k)^2}{\zeta(2k)} q^k$ as $q\to\infty$.
Lactate Activates AMPK Remodeling of the Cellular Metabolic Profile and Promotes the Proliferation and Differentiation of C2C12 Myoblasts

Lactate is a general compound fuel serving as the fulcrum of metabolism, which is produced from glycolysis and shuttles between different cells, tissues and organs. Lactate is usually accumulated abundantly in muscles during exercise. It remains unclear whether lactate plays an important role in the metabolism of muscle cells. In this research, we assessed the effects of lactate on myoblasts and clarified the underlying metabolic mechanisms through NMR-based metabonomic profiling. Lactate treatment promoted the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts, as indicated by significantly enhanced expression levels of the proteins related to cellular proliferation and differentiation, including p-AKT, p-ERK, MyoD and myogenin. Moreover, lactate treatment profoundly regulated metabolisms in myoblasts by promoting the intake and intracellular utilization of lactate, activating the TCA cycle, and thereby increasing energy production. For the first time, we found that lactate treatment evidently promotes AMPK signaling as reflected by the elevated expression levels of p-AMPK and p-ACC. Our results showed that lactate as a metabolic regulator activates AMPK, remodeling the cellular metabolic profile, and thereby promoting the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. This study elucidates molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of lactate on skeletal muscle in vitro and may be of benefit to the exploration of lactate acting as a metabolic regulator.
Circulating Adipokines and Hepatokines Serve as Diagnostic Markers during Obesity Therapy

Allocation of morbidly obese patients to either conservative therapy options—such as lifestyle intervention and/or low-calorie diet (LCD)—or to bariatric surgery—preferably sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB)—represents a crucial decision in order to obtain sustainable metabolic improvement and weight loss. The present study encompasses 160 severely obese patients, 81 of whom participated in an LCD program, whereas 79 underwent RYGB surgery. The post-interventional dynamics of physiologically relevant adipokines and hepatokines (ANGPTL4, CCL5, GDF15, GPNMB, IGFBP6), as well as their correlation with fat mass reduction and improvement of liver fibrosis, were analyzed. Systemic GDF15 was characterized as an excellent predictive marker for hepatic fibrosis as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Of note, baseline GDF15 serum concentrations were positively correlated with NFS and HbA1c levels after correction for BMI, suggesting GDF15 as a BMI-independent marker of hepatic fibrosis and T2D in obese individuals. Specific GDF15 cut-off values for both diseases were calculated. Overall, the present data demonstrate that circulating levels of specific adipokines and hepatokines are regulated with therapy-induced fat loss and metabolic improvement and might, therefore, serve as biomarkers for the success of obesity therapy strategies.
Generalized Kähler Metrics from Hamiltonian Deformations

This chapter provides a new characterization of generalized Kähler structures in terms of the corresponding complex Dirac structures. It then gives an alternative proof of Hitchin’s partial unobstructedness for holomorphic Poisson structures. Its main application is to show that there is a corresponding unobstructedness result for arbitrary generalized Kähler structures. That is, it shows that any generalized Kähler structure may be deformed in such a way that one of its underlying holomorphic Poisson structures remains fixed, while the other deforms via Hitchin’s deformation. Finally, it indicates a close relationship between this deformation and the notion of a Hamiltonian family of Poisson structures.
Topological T-duality for torus bundles with monodromy

We give a simplified definition of topological T-duality that applies to arbitrary torus bundles. The new definition does not involve Chern classes or spectral sequences, only gerbes and morphisms between them. All the familiar topological conditions for T-duals are shown to follow. We determine necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of a T-dual in the case of affine torus bundles. This is general enough to include all principal torus bundles as well as torus bundles with arbitrary monodromy representations. We show that isomorphisms in twisted cohomology, twisted K-theory and of Courant algebroids persist in this general setting. We also give an example where twisted K-theory groups can be computed by iterating T-duality.
Effects of Smoking on the Gut Microbiota in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Smoking affects eating habits; however, few studies on smoking and the gut microbiota have reported the effects of diet in detail. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the association between smoking and the gut microbiota, considering the impact of smoking on dietary intake. Dietary habits and the composition of the gut microbiota were assessed in 195 men with type 2 diabetes (164 non-current smokers and 31 current smokers) using a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of fecal samples. The data were compared according to the current smoking status of the participants. Current smokers had high alcohol and sugar/sweetener intake and low fruit intake. The proportion of the Coprococcus genus was higher among current smokers. Multiple regression analysis adjusted for current smoking, age, exercise habits, alcohol intake, sugar and sweetener intake, and fruit intake showed that smoking was associated with the proportion of the Coprococcus genus. Current smoking was associated with both dietary intake and composition of the gut microbiota. Although dietary intake should be considered when investigating the association between smoking and the gut microbiota, the results suggest that the direct effect of smoking is more significant.
Observability Inequalities and Measurable Sets

This paper presents two observability inequalities for the heat equation over $\Omega\times(0,T)$. In the first one, the observation is from a subset of positive measure in $\Omega\times(0,T)$, while in the second, the observation is from a subset of positive surface measure in $\partial\Omega \times(0,T)$. It also proves the Lebeau-Robbiano spectral inequality when $\Omega$ is a bounded Lipschitz and locally star-shaped domain. Some applications for the above-mentioned observability inequalities are provided.
Catalysis in the trace class and weak trace class ideals

Given operators $A,B$ in some ideal $\mathcal{I}$ in the algebra $\mathcal{L}(H)$ of all bounded operators on a separable Hilbert space $H$, can we give conditions guaranteeing the existence of a trace-class operator $C$ such that $B \otimes C$ is submajorized (in the sense of Hardy--Littlewood) by $A \otimes C$ ? In the case when $\mathcal{I} = \mathcal{L}_1$, a necessary and almost sufficient condition is that the inequalities ${\rm Tr} (B^p) \leq {\rm Tr} (A^p)$ hold for every $p \in [1,\infty]$. We show that the analogous statement fails for $\mathcal{I} = \mathcal{L}_{1,\infty}$ by connecting it with the study of Dixmier traces.
Global Existence of Weak Solutions to the Barotropic Compressible Navier-Stokes Flows with Degenerate Viscosities

This paper concerns the existence of global weak solutions to the barotropic compressible Navier-Stokes equations with degenerate viscosity coefficients. We construct suitable approximate system which has smooth solutions satisfying the energy inequality, the BD entropy one, and the Mellet-Vasseur type estimate. Then, after adapting the compactness results due to Mellet-Vasseur [Comm. Partial Differential Equations 32 (2007)], we obtain the global existence of weak solutions to the barotropic compressible Navier-Stokes equations with degenerate viscosity coefficients in two or three dimensional periodic domains or whole space for large initial data. This, in particular, solved an open problem in [P. L. Lions. Mathematical topics in fluid mechanics. Vol. 2. Compressible models. Oxford University Press, 1998].
A detailed review of contrast-enhanced fluorescence magnetic resonance imaging techniques for earlier prediction and easy detection of COVID-19

ABSTRACT Omicron, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) variation, just seems to contain hundreds of modifications, with no transition sequences found in their ribonucleic acid (RNA). Omicron has a mutation termed E484A, as well as polymorphisms in the sites where it can attack two kinds of antibodies at one time. Since the nucleotide was highly altered, the well-known gold standard PCR test failed to identify these variants in post-covid patients. Computer tomography (CT) and Lung-X-Ray tests are a little more effective than the real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT – PCR) test in the diagnosis of coronavirus transmission (usually after 2 weeks). So, it is a need of the hour to define a test that could identify the symptoms, and extend the impact of COVID-19 in the pre-and post-COVID-19 cases. The in vivo MRI and the advanced fluorescent magnetic resonance imaging (F-MRI) diagnostic test for the lungs were recently revamped to identify the essential symbols of viral pneumonia, and pathological alterations in lung nodules, and made it easy to identify the seriousness of respiratory problems. The present work aims to review F-MRI techniques for earlier prediction and easy detection of COVID-19.
When Memory and Metamemory Align: How Processes at Encoding Influence Delayed Judgment-of-Learning Accuracy

Judgments of learning are most accurate when made at a delay from the initial encoding of the assessed material. A wealth of evidence suggests that this is because a delay encourages participants to base their predictions on cues retrieved from long-term memory, which are generally the most diagnostic of later memory performance. We investigated the hypothesis that different types of study techniques affect delayed JOL accuracy by influencing the accessibility of cues stored in long-term memory. In two experiments, we measured the delayed-JOL accuracy of participants who encoded semantically unrelated and weakly related word pairs through one of three study techniques: reading the pairs twice (study practice), generating keywords (elaborative encoding), or taking a cued-recall test with feedback (retrieval practice). We also measured the accessibility, utilization, and diagnostic quality of two long-term memory cues at the time of the delayed JOL: (a) retrieval of the target, and (b) noncriterial cues (retrieval of contextual details pertaining to the encoding of the target). We found that the accessibility of targets was positively associated with delayed-JOL accuracy. Further, we provide evidence that when study techniques enhance the accessibility of targets, they likewise enhance delayed-JOL accuracy.
SMALL x PHYSICS AND RHIC DATA

This is a review of applications of the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) to the phenomenology of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The initial stages of the collision can be understood in terms of the nonperturbatively strong nonlinear glasma color fields. We discuss how the CGC framework can and has been used to compute properties of the initial conditions of AA collisions. In particular this has led to recent progress in understanding multiparticle correlations, which can provide a directly observable signal of the properties of the initial stage of the collision process.
Joints properties in rotary friction welding of AA5083-H112 aluminium alloy

Abstract Rotary friction welded joints of AA5083-H112 aluminium alloy rods with diameter of 15 mm and length of 50 mm were produced at various rotational speeds. The current research is aimed to understand the static and fatigue properties of welding joints. Several experiments were carried out including macrostructure and microstructure observations, hardness measurements, tensile testing, residual stress measurements by neutron diffraction, rotary bending fatigue tests and fractography. The results showed that the static fracture occurred at the base metal away from the weld metal region for all weld joints under study with the average ultimate tensile strength of 272.7 MPa. In this condition, the joint efficiency was higher than 100%. It was found that the high strength of the weld joints was associated with fine-grained microstructure. On the other hand, fatigue property of the weld was influenced by both welding microstructure and residual stress. This argument was supported by the facts that the initial crack occurred at HAZ at which the residual stress was tensile and then followed by fatigue crack growth from HAZ towards TMAZ.
High‐energy and smoothness asymptotic expansion of the scattering amplitude for the Dirac equation and application

We obtain an explicit formula for the diagonal singularities of the scattering amplitude for the Dirac equation with short‐range electromagnetic potentials. Using this expansion we uniquely reconstruct an electric potential and magnetic field from the high‐energy limit of the scattering amplitude. Moreover, supposing that the electric potential and magnetic field are asymptotic sums of homogeneous terms we give the unique reconstruction procedure for these asymptotics from the scattering amplitude, known for some energy E. Furthermore, we prove that the set of the averaged scattering solutions to the Dirac equation is dense in the set of all solutions to the Dirac equation that are in L2(Ω), where Ω is any connected bounded open set in R3 with smooth boundary, and we show that if we know an electric potential and a magnetic field for R3\Ω , then the scattering amplitude, given for some energy E, uniquely determines these electric potential and magnetic field everywhere in R3 . Combining this uniqueness result with the reconstruction procedure for the asymptotics of the electric potential and the magnetic field we show that the scattering amplitude, known for some E, uniquely determines a electric potential and a magnetic field, that are asymptotic sums of homogeneous terms, which converges to the electric potential and the magnetic field respectively. Moreover, we discuss the symmetries of the kernel of the scattering matrix, which follow from the parity, charge‐conjugation and time‐reversal transformations for the Dirac operator. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local approximation operators on box meshes

This paper analyzes the approximation properties of spaces of piece-wise tensor product polynomials over box meshes with a focus on application to IsoGeometric Analysis (IGA). The errors are measured in Lebesgue norms. Estimates of different types are considered: local and global, with full or reduced Sobolev seminorms. Attention is also paid to the dependence on the degree and exponential convergence is proved for the approximation of analytic functions.
A Laplace's method for series and the semiclassical analysis of epidemiological models

We develop a Laplace's method to compute the asymptotic expansions of sums of sharply peaked sequences. These series arise as discretizations (Riemann sums) of sharply-peaked integrals, whose asymptotic behavior can be computed by the standard Laplace's method. We apply the Laplace's method for series to the WKB (i.e. semiclassical) analysis of stochastic models of population biology, with special focus on the SIS model. In particular we show that two different and widely-used approaches to the semiclassical limit, i.e. either considering a semiclassical probability distribution or a semiclassical generating function, are equivalent.
Using Moralization as a Persuasion Strategy in Public Health Messages: A Cross-Sectional, Experimental Study on Vaping

Using moralization in anti-vaping public health messages as a persuasion strategy was recently recommended to address the current vaping epidemic. However, previous findings indicated this could lead to moralized attitudes in the general population, which can be very difficult to change and could severely affect social cohesion and distort risk perception. Since the safety and efficiency of using electronic cigarettes as smoking cessation devices are still being investigated, we conducted a cross-sectional, experimental study on a convenience sample of 612 Romanian never vapers, never smokers to assess how exposure to moralizing public health messages about vaping might influence their trust in future scientific results about this topic. Participants were randomized into six groups according to the type of message (“moral,” “immoral,” “neutral”) and the type of effects of vaping on smokers’ health, documented in a future fictitious study (“health benefits,” “health risks”). Results showed that the type of message moderated trust in future scientific results after controlling for participants’ general trust in science. When vaping was framed as immoral, trust in future scientific results showing health benefits was decreased, and vice versa. Implications are discussed for using moralization strategically in public health messaging to curtail or promote certain health behaviors.