Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interfacial and emulsifying properties of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal gum and their fractions

Acacia gums (AG, E414 EC) are widely used for its stabilizing, emulsifying and film-forming properties. The aim of this project is to characterize the interfacial and emulsifying properties of Acacia gums. The main results from liquid-liquid interfacial properties study confirmed that A. senegal showed a faster decrease of interfacial tension and a more rapid interfacial film formation. These were in agreement to its greater content of high molar mass-protein AGPs content, the more accessibility of proteinaceous moieties, and the higher molecular flexibility compared to A. seyal. In the same vein, these biochemical and structural advantages of A. senegal were found to be involved in the emulsifying properties of gums. The results from an innovative approach aiming to control high molar mass protein-rich AGPs content in bulk and the total concentration of gum by mixing two well characterised fractions isolated from A. senegal confirmed the functional synergism between the amount of high molar mass protein-rich AGPs and the total gum concentration. Moreover, in the presence of high molar mass protein-rich AGPs in high amount, the emulsion became stable to flocculation/coalescence due to the great protein content allowing electrostatic repulsion between droplets and the high bulk apparent viscosity. These were in agreement when the emulsifying properties of A. senegal and A. seyal were compared. Indeed, A. senegal containing a greater amount of high molar mass protein rich AGPs and uronic acids and its dispersion having a higher apparent viscosity than A. seyal allowing the former to form emulsion with a more stability. Besides, when Acacia gums were used in the form of dried film, the great content of high molar mass protein-rich AGPs and the good accessibility of proteinaceous moieties of A. senegal allowed the smooth homogeneous surface with a hydrophobic characteristic properties of A. senegal dried films. In contrast, A. seyal films was irregular and composed of a repetitive organization as numerous large particle uniformly distributed on surface in the relation to the low degree of branching, high arabinose content favoring intra and inter molecular hydrogen bonding and high hydration ability causing aggregation of polysaccharide chains of A. seyal. According to the results, this thesis brings new knowledge of the relationship between biochemical composition, structural and physicochemical properties, for the first time, across both aspects of gum, i.e. in the form of liquid dispersion and dried films.Keywords: Acacia gums, interfacial and emulsifying properties, arabinogalactan proteins, aroma compounds
INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF JATROPHA ROOT ROT CAUSED BY RHIZOCTONIA BATATICOLA

yang disebabkan oleh Rhizoctonia bataticola. Reput akar jatropha yang diakibatkan oleh Rhizoctonia bataticola merupakan penyakit penting yang dilaporkan baru-baru ini di Har yana, India. Kajian pengurusan dimulakan untuk mengurangkan penyakit ini dengan menggunakan fungisid, ekstrak tumbuhan serta agen kawalan biologi. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa Bavistin and Vitavax sangat berkesan dalam menghalang pertumbuhan R. bataticola dan mengurangkan kejadian reput akar jatropha. Fungisid ini mengakibatkan 100% perencatan pertumbuhan miselium pada kepekatan 50 ppm. Bavistin yang digunakan untuk merawat biji benih serta membasahkan tanah mengakibatkan kematian pracambah (16.7%) dan kematian pascacambah (10.1%) yang paling rendah. Dalam eksperimen in vitro, ekstrak neem pada kepekatan 20% menyebabkan perencatan sebanyak 55.6%. Trichoderma harzianum menunjukkan perencatan pertumbuhan miselium yang paling tinggi terhadap R. bataticola iaitu sebanyak 58.9 %. Secara tunggal, Bavistin pada kepekatan 2 g kg -1 biji benih didapati paling berkesan dengan pengurangan kejadian reput akar sebanyak 36.3%. Kaedah bersepadu menunjukkan pengurangan penyakit yang lebih tinggi berbanding kaedah tunggal. Rawatan Bavistin (2 g kg -1 biji benih) + ekstrak neem (20%) paling berkesan dengan pengurangan sebanyak 67.3% diikuti dengan T. harzianum (15 g kg -1 biji benih) + Bavistin (54.2%) serta ekstrak neem + T. harzianum (44.0%).
Lime-Trees and Basswoods: Index of taxa

Lime trees (Tilia spp.) are widely distributed and locally important members of northern temperate broad-leaved forests. In marked contrast to the largely uniform morphology of the genus its taxonomic treatment has become increasingly confused and controversial, with over one hundred species and numerous subspecies described. Using extensive data from field studies of natural populations around the world, this book clarifies the situation, proposing a revised taxonomy of 23 species and 14 subspecies. Detailed descriptions are provided for all recognised taxa and are accompanied by illustrations. Data from herbaria and cultivated trees are used to extend the analyses where appropriate and type specimens are included to stabilise nomenclature. Lime tree ecology is also considered, with an exploration of experimental and analytical data on regeneration, growth and reproduction in relation to climate and soils. Additional material includes a glossary of botanical terms and appendices of herbarium codes and relevant physical concepts.
Occurrence and seasonal dynamics of the whirling disease parasite, Myxobolus cerebralis, in Montana spring creeks

Spring creeks provide a unique ecosystem for wild trout populations, characterized by high nutrient levels, chemical stability, steady flow regimes, and near optimum temperatures for spawning and rearing. However, several of these factors may accentuate whirling disease in spring creeks by providing favorable Tubifex tubifex habitat, the alternate host for the whirling disease parasite, and promoting the release of the infectious triactinomyxin (TAM) stage over prolonged periods. This study evaluated the prevalence and severity of whirling disease in nine different spring creeks and adjoining rivers or reservoirs in southwestern Montana. I investigated the influence of temperature, T. tubifex abundance, water quality, and habitat characteristics on infection severity. Infection severity was measured with sentinel fish exposures in the spring and fall at all sites to evaluate the extent of infection. Seasonal dynamics of infection severity was assessed through monthly sampling in three spring creeks over a 20-month period. I found that infection severity was common (7 of 9 sites) but that severity among infected sites varied widely. Only five of nine sites had high infection levels (> 50% of sentinel fish exhibiting moderate to severe lesion scores > grade 3) where population declines would be expected. The seasonal cycle of infection in spring creeks was much different than observed in non-spring fed streams as peak infection occurred during winter months, declined in late spring, and remained at low levels until fall when infection began to rise again. No significant relationships were found between infection severity and habitat features, T. tubifex abundance, and water quality, with the exception of infection severity and phosphorus in sites with moderate to high infection levels. Peak infections in spring creeks occurred at temperatures ranging from 6 to 12 0C. Redd counts and estimated emergence periods, correlated with sentinel fish exposure results indicated that fry emerging and rearing during late spring and summer are likely to avoid high infection, even in highly infected spring creeks. In contrast, given the high infection in spring creeks in late fall and winter, fry of fall spawning trout may be much more susceptible to infection in these systems.
Src kinase inhibitors for the treatment of sarcomas: Cellular and molecular mechanisms of action

Sarcomas are rare mesenchymally-derived tumors with limited treatment options. Tyrosine kinases may serve as potential targets for sarcoma therapy because many are mutated or overexpressed in sarcomas and cell lines. One potential molecular target for sarcoma treatment is the Src tyrosine kinase. Three independently synthesized Src kinase inhibitors were evaluated in human sarcoma cell lines. Of the three, dasatinib, provided promising results as a potential sarcoma therapy. Until this study, dasatinib activity had not been characterized in sarcoma cells. Based on our previous findings of Src activation in human sarcomas, we evaluated the effects of dasatinib in twelve sarcoma cell lines. Dasatinib inhibited Src activity and downstream signaling at nanomolar concentrations. Inhibition of Src signaling was accompanied by blockade of cell migration and invasion. Moreover, apoptosis was induced in a subset of bone sarcomas at nanomolar concentrations of dasatinib. Inhibition of Src protein expression by siRNA also induced apoptosis, indicating that these bone sarcoma cell lines are dependent on Src activity for survival. These results demonstrate that dasatinib inhibits migration and invasion of diverse sarcoma cell types, and selectively blocks the survival of bone sarcoma cells.
Epidemiology of citrus black spot disease in South Africa and its impact on phytosanitary trade restrictions

Citrus black spot (CBS), caused by Guignardia citricarpa Kiely, occurs in various citrus producing regions of the world. Due to the potential phytosanitary risk associated with the export of fruit from CBS positive production areas to CBS-free countries, restrictive trade barriers have been introduced. This study aimed to further elucidate some epidemiological aspects of CBS that can be used to address critical questions identified in the pest risk assessment submitted by South Africa to the World Trade Organisation to address phytosanitary trade restrictions. Results indicated that Eureka lemon leaf litter exposed to viable pycnidiospores under controlled conditions or in the field in different production regions of South Africa, were not infected and colonised by G. citricarpa. Symptomatic CBS fruit or peel lying on the ground underneath citrus trees therefore can not lead to infection and colonisation of freshly detached leaves or leaf litter, or represent a source of inoculum in citrus orchards. Symptomatic fruit therefore pose no danger for the establishment of the pathogen in CBSfree orchards and are not considered to be a pathway for the pathogen. The period of leaf susceptibility to G. citricarpa was indicated to be maximum eight and ten months from development, for Valencia orange and Eureka lemon, respectively, in a greenhouse study. The susceptibility period of citrus leaves to infection by the black spot pathogen could be longer than previously perceived. Ascospores were captured, using the newly developed Kotze Inoculum Monitor (KIM), from natural Valencia orange and Eureka lemon leaf litter during October to March with peak ascospore availability between December to February. The KIM is the first sampler designed to capture fungal spores directly from plant material in the laboratory without environmental influences and was effectively used to confirm that ascospores production
THE STUDY OF THE FLAVONOIDS AND ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF THE LEAVES AND LIQUID EX-TRACT OF CRATAEGUS SUBMOLLIS

Nowadays flowers and fruits of various types of hawthorn are widely used as cardiotonic drugs in Russian Federation. In our opinion a promising species for harvesting raw materials is Quebec hawthorn (Crataegus submollis Sarg., Rosaceae). Quebec hawthorn is successfully cultivated on the territory of the Russian Federation and is characterized by rapid growth and high yield in comparison with wild species. An additional point is that one of the possible types of raw materials are hawthorn leaves widely used abroad. Quebec hawthorn leaves contain flavonoids, among which there is a hyperoside. The maximum of the absorption curve of the extract solution of Quebec hawthorn leaves with an aluminum chloride solution of 412 nm. We have developed a quantification method for determination the total flavonoids in the Quebec hawthorn leaves calculated as hyperoside. It was established that the optimum extraction solvent for this raw material is 70% ethanol. The level of content and dynamics of accumulation of the total flavonoids in the Quebec hawthorn leaves during the growing season of 2017 was studied. The maximum content of total flavonoids in the Quebec hawthorn leaves (3.12 ± 0.05% calculated on hyperoside) is observed in May, during plant flowering. The liquid extract based on Quebec hawthorn leaves possesses moderate antidepressant activity. For this reason, leaves of Quebec hawthorn leaves are promising medicinal plant raw materials.
Integral canonical models for G-bundles on Shimura varieties of abelian type

This thesis builds on Kisin’s theories of S-modules and integral models for Shimura varieties of abelian type to further our understanding of the arithmetic of Shimura varieties in several directions. First, we show that Shimura varieties ShK(G,X) of abelian type with level K hyperspecial at primes away from N and reflex field E admit canonical smooth integral models over OE[1/N ]. Next, under the condition that Z(G)◦ is split by a CM field, we prove that the standard principal G-bundles PK(G,X) also admit canonical integral models over OE[1/N ], which are characterised uniquely using the theory of S-modules, and these in turn give rise to integral models for automorphic vector bundles. Finally, working over p-adic completions of Kisin’s models, and dropping the restriction on Z(G)◦ by working more purely with p-adic Hodge theory, we construct similarly canonical families of filtered F -crystals with G-structure. We then use these to deduce that the Galois representations arising in the p-adic cohomology of Shimura varieties with nontrivial coefficient sheaves are crystalline when the level is hyperspecial at p in the case of proper Shimura varieties of abelian type.
Seasonal and Hydrographic Variations of Ichthyoplankton Density and Composition in the Kuroshio Edge Exchange Area off Northeastern Taiwan

hydrographic ecotopes indicate that the ichthyoplankton density was highest in the East China Sea Shelf (ECS), moderate in the Kuroshio Current (KUR), and lowest in the mixing zone (MIX). In total, 59 789 individuals of ichthyoplankton assigned to at least 124 families and 547 species were collected. The major ichthyoplankton species, comprising about 60% of the total catch, were distinctive in different seasons and waters. Decapterus spp. (14.01%) and Auxis spp. (6.23%) were abundant in spring; Auxis spp. (6.91%) and Benthosema pterotum (5.80%) in summer; B. pterotum (55.23%), gobiids (4.14%), and Synagrops sp. (3.17%) in autumn; and B. pterotum (15.35%) and Gonostoma gracile (7.48%) in winter. The abundant ichthyoplankton species in the 3 hydrographic ecotopes were B. pterotum (22.98%) and Auxis spp. (5.11%) in ECS; Decapterus spp. (28.60%) and Auxis spp. (7.10%) in MIX; and B. pterotum (5.61%) and Vinciguerria nimbaria (4.43%) in KUR. The dendrogram based on major ichthyoplankton species exhibits 7 species-associated groups.
Guide to the Identification and Geographic Distribution of Lutzomyia Sand Flies in Mexico, the West Indies, Central and South America (Diptera:Psychodidae)

Abstract : Nearly 400 species and subspecies of phlebotomine sand flies in the medically important genus Lutzomyia are identified by taxanomic keys to the adults and by associated illustrations. References to existing and new information on their geographic distribution (with maps), biology, and disease relationships are included. The following 9 new species in the genus are described: caminoi Young and Duncan, christenseni Young and Duncan, clitella Young & Perez, falcata Young, Morales, and Ferro, gibba Young & Arias, nemorosa Young & Perez reinerti Young and Duncan, sinuosa Young & Duncan, and torvid Young, Morales & Ferro. The previously unknown females of moucheti, omagua and pelloni are described. New junior synonyms include spinosa Floch & Abonnenc (=damascenoi Mangabeira) and tikalensis Leon (=permira Fairchild & Hertig). The status of nuneztovari anglesi Le Pont & Desjeux as a subspecie of n. nuneztovari is rejected. The subgenus Xiphomyia of Artemiev 1991 is a junior homonym of Xiphomyia of Alexander 1916. The subspecies name, cruzi of Gonzalez & Garcia- Avila 1981, is a junior homonym of cruzi of Mangabeira 1938. Lutzomyia paulwilliamsi Martins, Falcao & Silva is a junior synonym of Lutzomyia monticola (Costa Lima). Sand flies, Diptera, Psychodidae, LutzoMyia.
FLORISTIC COMPOSITION OF DIFFERENT SOIL TYPES IN A SEMIARID REGION OF BRAZIL

Studies have shown that the Caatinga has two vegetation types related to different soils originated from crystalline and sedimentary. However, it is unclear whether the flora as a whole varies in relation to this difference or if it only varies for certain plant habits. This article provides a comparative analysis of the different habits of flowering plant species that occur on different soil types in a semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. Sixty plots (10 x 10m) were established to collect woody species and 300 plots (1 x 1m) were established to collect herbaceous species. The plots were in soils of crystalline and sedimentary origin, and drainage and relief were taken into consideration. One hundred and fifty species distributed in 40 families were recorded. Species richness was greatest in Leguminosae (37 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (16 spp.) and Convolvulaceae (13 spp.). There were 101 woody species and 49 herbaceous species, suggesting that the woody habit responds better to local morpho-pedological differences.
The quick reading method: its efficiency and accuracy in assessing reading performance in the periphery

their peripheral vision for reading. Accurate assessment of reading performance can help prescribe suitable adaptive devices to the patients. In this study, we develop an adaptive method, quick reading (qRD), to measure reading speed in the periphery. While the conventional method is adequate, qRD utilizes a Bayesian adaptive framework to select optimal stimuli, thus allowing for an efficient assessment of reading speed in the periphery. The quick reading method: its efficiency and accuracy in assessing reading performance in the periphery <# 3278 > Shepard, Timothy1, Hou, Fang2, Bex, Peter3, Lesmes, Luis4, Lu, Zhong-Lin5, Yu, Deyue1 1 College of Optometry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. 2 Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, CN. 3 Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA. 4 Adaptive Sensory Technology, San Diego, CA, USA. 5 Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Ecology of testate amoebae (Protozoa : Rhizopoda) in Sphagnum peatlands in the Jura mountains, Switzerland and France

Testate amoebae (Protozoa) living in Sphagnum peatlands are important environmental and paleoecological indicators. The distribution of these animals is closely related to soil moisture variables. This study examines the ecology of sphagnicolous testate amoebae near the southern limit of bogs in Europe. A total of 64 samples were collected for analysis of testate amoebae from six peatlands in the Jura region of Switzerland and France. Eleven site-specific ecological variables, six of which were soil-moisture related variables, were measured at each site. The data were subjected to weighted averaging, jack-knifing, cluster analysis, canonical correspondence analysis, and the indicator value method to model relationships between testate amoebae distributions and environmental variables. Testate amoebae abundance showed a direct relationship with pear pH and depth to water table. Strong relationships were with sites that had a water table less than 41 cm deep. In drier sites with water table depth greater than 41 cm, other factors such as soil porosity and water holding capacity were more important compared to the wetter sites. Though there was a strong relationship between restate amoebae faunas and soil moisture content and porosity, these two variables could not be confidently predicted. Testate amoebae in peatlands in this region appear to be sensitive to peat pH and water tables. Further work is needed to explore relationships between restate amoebae, soil moisture, and porosity.
The Effects of Human Resources Management (HRM) Practices on Employee Performance with the Mediating Role of Employee Engagement

This research is carried out to examine the effect of human resources management (HRM) practice on employee performance and mediating role of employee engagement. Survey data has been collected among the front line to top level public sector in developer property industry. This study has used a sample of 318 employees using a stratified sampling technique. To analyse the data, this study has employed Smart PLS 3.0 version software. The result reveals that HRM practices namely, training and development, compensation, job security and promotion are significant and positively related to employee performance. The result also shows that, employee engagement can mediate the relationship between HRM practices and employee performance. This study uses social exchange theory as a guideline to examine and understand the relationship between HRM practice, and employee performance towards employee engagement. In addition, this study also makes important contributions for the practitioners who are in the field of public sectors particularly for managers who actually want to invest their resources for the well-being of their employees in preparing towards Industry 4.0. Future research could replicate and extend this study by adding other variables and samples from different industries to offer a better understanding of employee engagement at workplace.
Fluoride levels in indigenous animals and plants collected from uncontaminated ecosystems

A total of 747 analyses were performed on 62 animal and plant species to determine fluoride parameters of uncontaminated ecosystems. Geographic fluoride variation was found to exist among deer mice populations living in natural environments, but the magnitude of this diversity is of minor importance in the evaluation of effects of industrial fluoride pollution. Specimens from small mammals collected in the vicinity of human habitational structures and animals maintained on standard commercial laboratory rations were demonstrated to have higher fluoride levels than individuals trapped in natural ecosystems and, therefore, do not represent baseline data. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that while the fluoride content of coniferous trees was statistically lower than the levels assayed in grasses, these forage values, 4-5 ppm, increased 20 to 50 fold in herbivores, as measured by femur fluoride concentration, and predators accumulated more fluoride than prey species. The observed complexity of fluoride distribution within ecosystemal components allowed only preliminary concepts of a natural fluoride cycling model to be discussed. 7 references, 6 tables.