Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Spoilers on Submarine Pipeline Stability

In previous OTC papers the emphasis of the spoiler effect was on the improved self-burial process itself as a cost-saving alternative to mechanical trenching. This paper presents important new aspects which yield attractive additional cost reduction even if no complete burial is required. These aspects were studied and quantified using advanced numerical models as well as small and large scale laboratory experiments. Important spoiler effects are: 1. Much quicker tunnel formation and pipeline subsidence immediately after pipelaying, 2. significant favourable change in hydrodynamic forces and 3. pipeline stability increases to such an extent that remarkable reductions are allowed on concrete weight coating.
Process monitoring in laser beam cutting on its way to industrial application

In the past a variety of scientific investigations has proven, that during laser beam cutting optical emissions from the process correlate with properties of the cut kerf and thus can be used to characterize the quality of the machined parts. Laser beam cutting has been well established in many fields of industrial use and has reached a high grade of productivity and flexibility. Due to this, modern on-line techniques for process monitoring in laser beam cutting have to be as fast and flexible as today's laser beam cutting machines. The objective of the work being presented is to provide useful support for the machine personnel and to enable automatic quality monitoring even in case of a small number of units to be cut. The paper introduces some general considerations on the demands of process diagnostics in laser beam cutting and presents `hardware'-tools which have been developed during an industry-university-partnership. The equipment can be adapted to all kind of cutting machines and measures the optical emission from the process within the cutting head. The crucial thing of the work is still the adequate application of analyzing and visualization techniques to extract significant information from the measured signals. Here, this is done by relating the information derived on- line from the process to the geometry of the cut contour. It makes visual quality inspection much easier and more effective: sections of the processed parts with minor cut quality are indicated to the personnel as scrap or at least as to be checked visually. A first approach of integrating such a system into a laser beam cutting machine is presented and discussed.
Simultaneous tracking of division and differentiation from individual hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells reveals within-family homogeneity despite population heterogeneity

The advent of high throughput single cell methods such as scRNA-seq has uncovered substantial heterogeneity in the pool of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). A significant issue is how to reconcile those findings with the standard model of hematopoietic development, and a fundamental question is how much instruction is inherited by offspring from their ancestors. To address this, we further developed a high-throughput method that enables simultaneously determination of common ancestor, generation, and differentiation status of a large collection of single cells. Data from it revealed that while there is substantial population-level heterogeneity, cells that derived from a common ancestor were highly concordant in their division progression and share similar differentiation outcomes, revealing significant familial effects on both division and differentiation. Although each family diversifies to some extent, the overall collection of cell types observed in a population is largely composed of homogeneous families from heterogeneous ancestors. Heterogeneity between families could be explained, in part, by differences in ancestral expression of cell-surface markers that are used for phenotypic HSPC identification: CD48, SCA-1, c-kit and Flt3. These data call for a revision of the fundamental model of haematopoiesis from a single tree to an ensemble of trees from distinct ancestors where common ancestor effect must be considered. As HSPCs are cultured in the clinic before bone marrow transplantation, our results suggest that the broad range of engraftment and proliferation capacities of HSPCs could be consequences of the heterogeneity in their engrafted families, and altered culture conditions might reduce heterogeneity between families, possibly improving transplantation outcomes.
Energy Efficiency in Historic Buildings: a Tool for Analysing the Compatibility, Integration and Reversibility of Renewable Energy Technologies

The paper presents a tool for defining the most appropriate energy and environmental retrofit on cultural heritage, to enhance the historical value of a building, to preserve the surrounding landscape, to reduce energy consumption and to improve human comfort, health and safety. It allowed the evaluation of the conservation risks, energy consumption, spatial layout and maintenance procedures and also led to a proposal on the most appropriate energy actions. The tool examines the synergies and difficulties of integrating green practices with historic preservation, and offers recommendations for ways in which sustainable standards could be more accommodating for historic and bounded buildings. The approach was used in the Renaissance building of Sant’Alessandro University located in the centre of Milan (Italy).
Efficient analysis of a cubic junction of rectangular waveguides using the admittance-matrix representation

In the paper an efficient and accurate method, based on the multimode-admittance-matrix representation and the theory of cavities, is proposed for the analysis of a six-port ‘cubic’ junction composed of the orthogonal intersection of three rectangular waveguides. Very simple closed-form analytical expressions are explicitly detailed for all matrix elements of this basic key building block. More general waveguide multiport junctions, composed of a central cubic junction with arbitrarily shaped waveguide access ports, are also studied using a segmentation procedure. To validate the theory, numerical results are first discussed for a standard rectangular waveguide six-port cross junction. Finally, the analysis method proposed is also successfully applied to H- and E-plane T-junctions whose side arms are waveguides with rounded corners.
Development of capacitive RF MEMS switches with TaN and Ta2O5 thin films

We develop shunt capacitive RF MEMS switches in III-V technology making use of materials which can be alternative to the ones commonly used, in order to overcome some technological constraints concerning the RF MEMS reliability. Specifically, we evaluate the potential of tantalum nitride (TaN) and tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) to be used for the switches actuation pads and dielectric layers, respectively. To this scope, a compositional, structural and electrical characterization of TaN and Ta2O5 films as a function of the deposition parameters, such as the substrate temperature and the sputtering mixture composition, is performed. The realized switches show good actuation voltages, in the range 15- 20 V, an insertion loss better than -0.8 dB up to 30 GHz, and an isolation of ~ -40 dB at the resonant frequency. A comparison between the measured S-parameter values and the results of a circuit simulation is also presented and discussed, providing useful information on the operation of the fabricated switches.
Facile and High-Yield Synthesis of Carbon Quantum Dots from Biomass-Derived Carbons at Mild Condition

Hydrothermal synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from biomass is a green and sustainable route for CQDs applications in various fields. However, one of the major problems is the low CQDs yield because the traditional hydrothermal treatment would produce large amounts of hydrochar byproduct. In this work, we present a novel, facile, and effective method for large-scale synthesis of CQDs from biomass-derived carbon including hydrochar and carbonized biomass through mild oxidation (NaOH/H2O2 solution). An ultrahigh CQDs yield of 76.9 wt % can be obtained, which is much higher than those obtained from traditional hydrothermal and strong acid oxidation processes. Furthermore, the CQDs have excellent quantum yield (QY) that is higher than (or comparable to) those from other methods. In addition, the CQDs have uniform size (∼2.4 nm) and their surface states can be regulated to significantly improve the QY by adjusting the concentration of oxidants. The CQDs displayed excellent sensitivity for Pb2+ detection .
Shear Strengthening of RC T-Beams Using Mechanically Anchored Unbonded Dry Carbon Fiber Sheets

This research studies the feasibility and effectiveness of a new method of strengthening existing RC T-beams in shear by using mechanically anchored unbonded dry carbon fiber (CF) sheets. This method eliminates the debonding of epoxy-bonded carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets and utilizes the full capacity of dry CF sheets. In this method, dry CF sheets are wrapped around and bonded to two steel rods. Then the rods are anchored to the corners of the web-flange intersection of the T-beam with mechanical bolts. This makes a U-shaped dry CF jacket around the web which increases the shear strength of the T-beam using the privilege of higher tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of dry CF compared to composite CFRP. A total of three RC T-beams with shear span-to-depth ratio of 2.0 were tested under increasing monotonic load till failure. The pilot tests were done as a proof-of-concept of the effectiveness of the proposed method in increasing the shear capacity of the RC T-beams. The first T-beam, which was tested as the control beam, failed in shear. The second beam was strengthened by using a U-shaped CFRP sheet that was externally bonded to the web of the beam in the shear zones. The third beam was strengthened by using anchored U-shaped dry CF sheet. The test results showed that the beam strengthened by the new mechanically anchored dry CF had about 48% increase in shear capacity as compared to the control beam and 16% increase in shear capacity as compared to the beam strengthened by CFRP epoxy-bonding method.
Outdoor leakage current monitoring of silicone composite insulators in coastal service conditions

The behavior of the polymeric insulators under salt-storm conditions is crucial for their design. In this paper the leakage currents monitored on silicone composite insulators during two severe salt-storms on the Swedish West Coast are analyzed. The results show that reduction of the leakage distance on silicone rubber units causes considerable dry-band arc activity.
Effect of orthogonal inplane structural elements on inelastic torsional response

The elastic torsional stiffness of a structure has important influence on the seismic response of an asymmetric structure, both in the elastic and inelastic range. For elastic structures it is immaterial whether the stiffness is provided solely by structural elements in planes parallel to the direction of earthquake or by a combination of such elements in parallel and orthogonal planes. The issue of how the relative contribution of structural elements in orthogonal planes affects the torsional response of inelastic structures has been the subject of continuing study. Several researchers have noted that structural elements in orthogonal planes reduce the ductility demands in both the flexible and stiff edge elements parallel to the earthquake. Some have noted that the beneficial effect of structural elements in orthogonal planes is more pronounced when such elements remain elastic. These issues are further examined in this paper through analytical studies on the torsional response of single-storey building models. It is shown that, contrary to the findings of some previous studies, the torsional response of inelastic structures is affected primarily by the total torsional stiffness in the elastic range, and not so much by whether such stiffness is contributed solely by structural elements in parallel planes or by such elements in both parallel and orthogonal planes. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WARMF: Model Use, Calibration, and Validation

Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework (WARMF) is a comprehensive watershed model and decision support system designed for stakeholders to formulate alternatives for point and nonpoint source pollution controls, evaluate their technical ability to meet water quality criteria, and make changes to negotiate the preferred plan. WARMF uses physically based model input parameters to describe the watershed. Many of these are known from data or watershed-specific studies, but others are determined through the calibration process. The model calibration is performed by systematically adjusting model input parameters within their normal ranges to match the simulated results to the observed data. The GUI enables users to make changes to model input parameters and/or data and graphically compare the simulated results and observed data. WARMF calculates correlation coefficient, relative error, absolute error, cumulative volume balance, and other measures to evaluate the calibration quantitatively. Relative error and absolute error are the preferred measures of accuracy and precision used in WARMF calibration. Long-term observed data may be split into two periods, one for model calibration and the other for validation. New data may also be collected for model validation. A case study is presented to demonstrate the calibration of flow and electrical conductivity (EC) for the San Joaquin River watershed in California. Soil properties were adjusted so the simulated flow would match the measured flow data during both the winter rainy season and summer irrigation season. Soil chemistry inputs were calibrated to ensure long-term stability of pore water concentrations and so the simulated water quality of the San Joaquin River followed the magnitude and pattern of in-stream monitoring data. The simulation of flow produced a 1% relative error and 13% absolute error over the eight-year calibration period. The EC calibration had relative error of 5% and absolute error of 15%.
THE AFFECTING FACTORS ON ONLINE CLOTHING PURCHASE: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL

The aim of this study is to discuss the factors affecting people’s clothing purchases through online channels. There are various online clothing channels in Indonesia, appearing in form of e-commerce platforms, online stores, even social media has become a place for people to trade goods. For this research, a synthesize of 36 papers was made from past literature reviews. The analysis and discussion result shows the factors affecting people’s online clothing purchase decision are price, promotion, product design/style, product quality, brand image, information availability, seller trustworthiness, product variety, ease of use, and service quality. These factors influence the purchase decision of the customers when they shop for clothing through online channels. The limitation of this research is only covering clothing online purchases. The result and findings from this study will be useful for clothing brand owners or managers, e-commerce platforms in Jakarta, Indonesia. In the future, a quantitative research method can be conducted to further explore this study and improve the findings of this study.
Safety Management: Problems Encountered and Recommended Solutions

The philosophy of safety management is a relatively new method of controlling safety policies, procedures, and practices within a company. This philosophy is currently being implemented by many construction companies to limit their liabilities and costs, thereby making them more competitive in the construction marketplace. While the principles behind safety management are fairly simple in concept, it is during the implementation of such a program that construction companies may encounter their most difficult obstacles. In fact, it is often the workers who present the greatest opposition—the same individuals who benefit the most by improved safety conditions on the site. Safety management is a dynamic process operating in a constant state of change. Therefore, the process must be constantly monitored and adjusted to achieve the desired goals. This paper presents a discussion of the methods of safety management employed on a small-to medium-sized project in the northwestern United States. The discussion wil.
Effect of tapering shape on performance of broadside‐coupled directional couplers

A theoretical model is used to investigate effect of the tapering shape on performance of the broadside‐coupled directional coupler. It is shown that the tapering shape has a significant effect on the overall performance. Concave shapes give a broader bandwidth compared with the convex shapes. The model also shows that a proper choice of the tapering shape can result in a significant improvement in the performance across a wide bandwidth. The theoretical findings of the model are supported by simulations, and measurements. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1285–1288, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24325
A field test of recursive calculation of crop evapotranspiration.

Unlike the Penman and Penman-Monteith methods, recursive calculation of crop evapotranspiration (ET) is a combination method that makes no assumption regarding the temperature and saturation humidity at the evaporating surface. Our objective was to experimentally verify a recursive calculation of crop ET. It was tested on an hourly and daily basis using data from Bushland, Texas, and on a daily basis with data from Tempe, Arizona, both on a well-watered alfalfa crop. In both locations, ET was measured half-hourly with lysimeters accurate to 0.05 mm. In Bushland, hourly amounts of ET were calculated from the hourly weather data using the recursive method with a root mean squared difference (RMSD) of 0.05 mm averaged over four days; and daily ET calculations using daily data for 26 days resulted in an RMSD of 0.75 mm. The sum of 26 daily-calculated values of ET was found to be within 7 mm of the measured amount. In Tempe, daily ET was also calculated with the same recursive formula from daily weather data for a period of 20 days after a flood irrigation that kept the crop well watered. The RMSD of daily ET was 0.8 mm, and the calculated total amount of ET over 20 days was within 2 mm of the measured value. We conclude that an iterative formulation provides good accuracy for calculating ET of well-watered alfalfa and that similar studies with other irrigated crops grown in hot and dry climates are needed.
MISSISSIPPI COTTON YIELD MONITOR: THREE YEARS OF FIELD-TEST RESULTS

The Mississippi cotton yield monitor, which is based on an optical cotton-flow sensor comprised of emitters and detectors in one unit that can be affixed to only one side of a pneumatic duct, has been under development at Mississippi State University since 1999. One prototype of the yield monitor was field tested that year in Mississippi. In 2000, three prototypes were constructed and field tested in Texas, Georgia, and Mississippi on about 530 ha (1300 acre) of cotton. Different varieties with large yield variations were harvested. In the Texas test, average absolute errors for two fields were 5.9% and 5.4%. Results from the Georgia test indicated an average absolute error of 5.7%. System reliability was tested in Mississippi on about 445 of the total 530 ha (1100 out of 1300 acre) of cotton. Based on the 2000 results, a new version of the Mississippi cotton yield monitor was designed to include anti-stray-light and temperature-stabilization features. Five prototypes of the new version were fabricated and field tested in 2001 on three cotton pickers and two cotton strippers at five locations in Georgia, Texas, and Mississippi. A total of 1230 ha (3000 acre) of cotton was harvested with the yield monitors from September to December of 2001. Results indicated that the average absolute errors of the system were 3.7% and 4.9% in two fields where system accuracy was evaluated load by load. Considering all three years’ data, the average measurement error of the Mississippi cotton yield monitor was less than 5%, and the latest prototype is improved over previous versions. Cotton yield maps have been created with data from all the field tests, and the maps realistically exhibit yield variations within fields, based on the expectations of experienced producers and consultants. The tests also indicated that the system was reliable and easy to install, operate, and maintain.
Hydrodynamic Interaction Forces on Ship Hulls Equipped With Propulsors

Typically, study of hydrodynamic interaction between vessels navigating in close proximity to each other is limited to hydrodynamics of bare hulls. Meanwhile, ship propulsors, especially heavily loaded, which may happen in accelerating motion, can alter substantially the flow and distribution of pressure on the hulls which can be viewed as generalization of the thrust deduction phenomenon. The 3D doubled body potential interaction code based on the source panel method developed earlier by the authors has been enhanced to include the effect of a propeller on each of the interacting ships under the assumption that the propeller jets (slipstreams) are not involved into the interaction. Each propeller is simulated by a disk of sinks further approximated with a polygon composed of identical triangular panels with identical constant sink density linked to the thrust of the propulsor according to the actuator disk theory. Comparative computations were carried out for two identical tanker vessels in the close-proximity overtaking manoeuvre at various values of the loading coefficient of each propeller. The loading coefficient is not supposed to be necessarily defined by the steady propulsion point. Numerical results demonstrate that a heavily loaded propeller substantially modifies the pressure distribution on both hulls resulting in alteration of the hydrodynamic interaction loads, especially of the surge force and yaw moment.
Dual basis digit serial GF(2 m ) multiplier

A new digit serial GF(2 m ) multiplier based on the dual basis representation is presented for the first time in this paper. The multiplier is suitable for large word lengths such as those found in cryptosystems. Digit serial computations give a much better trade-off between area and speed in comparison with bit-parallel realization, which is too costly, and bit-serial realization which is too slow. The new multiplier is based on a look-ahead technique which serves to overcome the recursive algorithm used to calculate the extra elements of the operand represented in the dual basis prior to the multiplication process. This recursive algorithm is the main bottleneck for digit-serial multiplication. Unlike existing design, the new multiplier has low latency, and its digit size is not restricted by the type of primitive polynomial being used. A systolic version of the new multiplier, suitable for VLSI implementation, is also presented.
Modelling and simulation of seat-integrated safety belts including studies of pelvis and torso responses in frontal crashes

Abstract The aim of the present study is to investigate how the physical properties influence the interaction of the seat back frame and the safety belt. Seat-integrated 3- and 4-point configurations with both non-rigid and rigid seat back frames were compared with common 3-point configurations with anchor points on the car body. The LS-DYNA FE-analysis software was used in order to perform frontal crash simulations with a belted 50th percentile Hybrid III FE-dummy model as occupant. The belt-webbing distribution between the lap and the torso belts via a slip-ring and in combination with a non-rigid seat back frame increases the ride-down efficiency compared to a system with no belt-webbing distribution. No tendencies of pelvis submarining were observed regardless of belt configuration. The dynamic response of the seat back frame has some influence on the ride-down efficiency.