Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stocking of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.)

In this thesis, a 23-years stocking program of brown trout (Salmo trutta) smolts, annually released into the rivers Ume- and Vindelalven is evaluated. The statistics of homing adults caught in a fish ladder as well as individually tagged trout caught in the fishery were evaluated. Stocked anadromous trout migrated only short distances since > 95 % of the recaptured tagged fish was caught <200 km from the home river. A 50 % loss of fish was seen when they were released upriver (and above a dam) compared to released more downstreams. Relative size of survival for smolts (recapture rate) was more important than their absolute size. Few trouts migrated to smaller forest rivers in the vicinity of the larger Umealven. Upstream migrating trouts counted in a fish-ladder showed that 42.7 % of all passing fish from 1974 to 1997 were of wild origin and that the annual average was 29 individuals per year. It is concluded that the wild anadromous trout in these rivers are near extinction despite the effort with stocking programs. Growth and survival of stocked 1-year old brown trout were analysed in a field study where the effect of acclimatisation by keeping the fish in enclosures before stocking, increased the number and size of the fish recaptured within the stocked area, two month after the release. The first period after stocking is of vital importance for the juvenile fish stocked into a natural habitat. Growth of stocked 1-year old brown trout released into artificial stream tanks was strongly effected by individual characteristics, density, prior residents and food level. Competitive ability, defined as a behavioural profile is an important growth determinants. The two most dominant behavioural profiles differed in profitability depending on density and size of the fish. Large size combined with aggressive behaviour were beneficial at low competitive levels (densities), while large size and non-aggressive behaviour were beneficial at high densities. Prior residence was beneficial at intermediate and high-competitive levels but had no impact at low densities of fish. The mean growth rate of all fish decreased with increasing density. Both food abundance and behaviour profile of juveniles affected growth. Food abundance had no effect on the number of territorial individuals. Instead, the proportions of the alternative behavioural strategies, i.e. a floating behaviour (individuals that occasionally displayed a territorial behaviour) and a non-territorial (shoaling) behaviour changed with food abundance. In the lowest food regime, more individuals displayed a non-territorial than a floating behaviour.
Analysis of exhaled air of patients with myocardial infarction by laser spectroscopy and data mining

Myocardial infarction (MI) causes partial or complete necrosis of the heart muscle. It means that muscle cells are wiped, and the contractility of the heart decreases. Today, for the MI diagnosis is based on the ECG recording or specific biomarkers identifying in the patient's blood, the most specific of which are: creatine phosphokinase (CPK), CPK-MB, fatty acids binding protein (H-FABP), myoglobin troponin-I, and troponin-T. Additionally to these biomarkers in the MI patients’ blood, there are many other products of metabolism in damaged muscles, which are excreted from the body human body, including through exhaled air. The results of MI patients’ exhaled air analysis using photoacoustic laser spectroscopy and data mining are presented.
Association between trans fats and cardiovascular risks: a systematic review of the literature

Objective: To systematically review the scientific literature relating the effects of trans fatty acids on cardiovascular risk. Methods: A literature search was conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE, LILACS andScienceDirect in September of 2015. The following descriptors were used: Trans Fat AND Trans Fatty Acids AND Cardiovascular Diseases present in the title, keywords or MeSH Terms and abstract. The included studies were conducted in humans, published in Portuguese, English or Spanish. Studies were excluded for being case study reports, case-control or review articles. Results: There was a positive association between the consumption of trans fatty acids and deleterious changes in risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: Given the importance of eating habits on health, it is relevant to note that reducing the trans fat content of foods and of the diet is only one component of a multifaceted strategy to improve nourishment and reduce the risk of chronic diseases related to diet, in particular cardiovascular diseases. Objetivo: Sistematicamente revisar a literatura científica, relacionando os efeitos dos ácidos graxos trans com o risco cardiovascular. Métodos: A busca bibliográfica foi feita nas seguintes bases de dados: MEDLINE,LILACS e ScienceDirect em setembro de 2015. Foram utilizados os seguintes descritores: Trans Fat AND Trans Fatty Acids AND Cardiovascular Diseases, presentes no título, palavras-chave ou MeSH Terms e resumo. Foram incluídos estudos conduzidos em humanos, publicados nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol. Foramexcluídos estudos que reportavam estudo de caso, caso-controle ou artigos de revisão. Resultados: Observouse uma associação positiva entre o consumo de ácidos graxos trans e mudanças desfavoráveis em fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Conclusão: Dada a importância dos hábitos alimentares sobre a saúde, é relevante observar que a redução do teor de gordura trans de alimentos e da dieta é apenas um componente de uma estratégia multifacetada para melhorar a alimentação e reduzir o risco de doenças crônicas relacionadas com a dieta, em particular doenças cardiovasculares.
Some Biomarkers of Kidney Diseases

Sunulan bu Özet: Böbrekler vücudumuz için; özellikle hemostaz ve atardamar basıncının düzenlenmesi, kanın temizlenmesi, su dengesi ve glukoneogenez gibi görevlerden sorumlu olan hayati organlardan birisidir. Böbrek hastalıkları glomerüler filtrasyon oranına göre; akut böbrek hasarları ve kronik böbrek hastalıkları olarak 2 gruba ayrılmaktadır. Glomerüler filtrasyon oranının son evresi (5. evre) zararlı olmasının yanında geri dönüşünü olmayan özellikte olup, böbrek nakli ve diyaliz önemli tedavi yöntemleridir. Günümüze biyobelirteçler hastaların teşhisinde, tedavisinde ve hastalığın seyrini takip etmede kullanılırlar. Bu derlemede kronik böbrek hastalıklarını ile akut böbrek hasarlarını teşhiş etmek için bazı biyobelirteçler araştırma makaleleri ile birlikte sunulmuştur.
Optimising dietary modification for age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

An ageing population has raised the priority of reducing the risk for age-related eye diseases that impair sight and quality of life. Chief among these diseases is age- related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of visual impairment among older adults in the developed world. The dietary xanthophylls lutein and zeaxanthin may be effective at attenuating the risk and/or progression of AMD due to their antioxidant and photo-protective properties in the macula, where they are known as the macular pigment. The macular pigment is entirely of dietary origin therefore it is important that AMD patients adopt appropriate dietary modification. Currently, there is a lack of information regarding the lutein values of specific xanthophyll containing food sources. A lab based investigation was undertaken to determine the lutein concentrations in kale by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); information was established that may improve knowledge on the climate and post-harvest handling, processing and storage effects. Lutein concentrations in minimally processed kale were significantly lower (p<0.001) than that of kale freshly harvested. Domestic cooking and storage also had substantial negative effects on kale lutein levels. A dietary analysis study and a qualitative based study were conducted to determine dietary habits in AMD patients. In align with previous work, AMD patients were found to be under consuming nutrients regarded as important for their condition. Subjects consumed an average of 1.7 mg of L and Z per day, and calorie intakes were significantly below government DRVs (p<0.05). Further investigations suggested that this may be attributed to certain physical and psychosocial barriers. Using the results of the laboratory based study, ready meals were created as a novel intervention to improve diet in this population. This body of research adds insights into dietary interventions within visually impaired groups, studies embedded may enrich dietary advice in the context of AMD.
Le complexe MILI/mHEN1 et études fonctionnelles des protéines DrTDRD1 et DrMOV10L

Les proteines Argonaute sont associees a de petits ARN et participent a la regulation de l'expression des genes. Les proteines Piwi, sous-famille des proteines Argonaute, sont principalement exprimees dans les lignees germinales. Elles recrutent les piRNA (Piwi-interacting RNA) et assurent la stabilite du genome en inhibant les transposons. Une caracteristique des piRNA est la presence de groupes 2'-O-methyl a l'extremite 3'. Les microARN et siRNA (small interfering RNA) de plantes, comme les siRNA de Drosophyle portent aussi cette modification qui est catalysee par l'ARN methyl-tranferase HEN1. Son homologue murin, mHEN1, methyle in vitro de petits ARN, mais son role dans la voie des piRNA n'avait pas encore ete envisage. Mon objectif etait de relier mHEN1 a la voie des piRNA. J'ai demontre que mHEN1 interagit directement avec la partie N-ter de MILI mais pas avec les autres proteines Piwi de souris. La partie N-ter de MILI porte des arginines methylees. J'ai demontre que l'interaction ne dependait pas de la presence de cette modification, ce qui suggere que mHEN1 intervient avant la modification de MILI. Par imagerie cellulaire j'ai montre la compartimentation de HEN1 et des proteines Piwi dans des granules cytoplasmiques differents. Parallelement, afin de caracteriser les elements de la voie piRNA, j'ai developpe un nouveau modele d'etude base sur des embryons de poisson zebre (Danio rerio). Ainsi, j'ai evalue le role de deux proteines interagissant avec les proteines Piwi, TDRD1 (Tudor-domain containing) et l'helicase MOV10l decrits chez la souris mais pas chez le poisson zebre. J'ai montre que l'expression de DrTDRD1, specifique a la lignee germinale, depend de sa partie 3'UTR. La reduction de l'expression de DrMOV10l, obtenue grâce a l'utilisation de morpholinos, entraine la derepression des elements retrotransposables des embryons en developpement. Cette technique de Knock Down sera utilisee pour identifier de nouveaux elements de la biogenese des piRNA.
The relationship between six minutes walking distance and quality of life in pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae patients

ABSTRACT Background: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that affects the lung and has high incidence. It could leave sequelae in the patient that has been declared cured. Tuberculosis sequelae results in changes of lung function that could lead to deteriorating of functional capacity and quality of life. Aim: The study aim to determine the relationship between functional capacity (6MWD) and quality of life (SGRQ) within pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae patients. Method: This study used cross sectional design and performed on pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae patient in pulmonary clinic of Dr. Sardjito General Hospital and BP4 Yogyakarta. Functional capacity was assessed with six minutes walking distance and assessment of quality of life using SGRQ questionnaire. Distribution of data was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk statistical test. Spearman correlation test and regression test was used to analyze the correlation between 6-minute walking distance test and assessment of quality of life using the SGRQ questionnaire. Result: The 6 minutes walking distance was 257.02±64.56 m. There were significant negative correlation between 6 minutes walking distance and SGRQ score activity domain (r=-.333, p<0.05). The others domains in SGRQ, there were no significant negative correlation at domain symptoms (r-.062), impacts (-.114), and total (-.135). Conclusion: There were negative correlation between the 6 minutes walking distance (6MWD) and SGRQ score. There was significant negative correlation between 6 minutes walking distance (6MWD) and activity domain in the SGRQ score. Keywords: tuberculosis sequelae, functional capacity, 6MWD, quality of life, SGRQ.
Cutaneous Sarcoidosis on Black Skin: Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects in Dermatology, Lome (Togo)

*Corresponding author: Dr. Bayaki Saka, Department of dermatology and IST, Sylvanus olympio teaching hospital, University of Lomé, B.P: 30785, Lome, Togo, E-mail: barthelemysaka@yahoo.fr Citation: Saka B, Teclessou J, Akakpo AS, Mouhari-Toure A, Adjoh K, et al. (2017) Cutaneous Sarcoidosis on Black Skin: Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects in Dermatology, Lomé (Togo). Enliven: Clin Dermatol 3(2): 003.
Analysis of Interventions for Improving Cervical-Cancer Screening Uptake among Nigerian Women

Cervical-cancer is preventable through early detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia that heralds the disease via cervical-cancer screening, yet its mortality is still high especially in developing countries. In Nigeria, researchers have attributed the high cervical-cancer mortality to low uptake of cervical-cancer screening predicated on wrong perception and low knowledge of cervical-cancer and cervical-cancer screening; lack of cervical-cancer screening programme; inadequate community support for cervical-cancer screening and gap in screening skills among health-workers where opportunistic cervical-cancer screening exists. This study aims to identify context-specific interventions for improving cervical-cancer screening uptake and reducing cervical-cancer burden in Nigeria. Secondary data was used for the study. Literature were obtained from Global Health, Popline and PubMed databases; WHO and other relevant websites using Eldis search engine; and from libraries in the University of Leeds and WHO in Geneva. Interventions for improving cervical-cancer screening uptake were analyzed using a set of appraisal criteria which include; technical and cost effectiveness, organizational, gender, cultural and political feasibility to determine their applicability and transferability in Nigeria. Broad interventions identified are; intervention aimed at correcting perception, improving knowledge and increasing access to cervical-cancer screening. Reducing the burden and impact of cervical-cancer in Nigeria will depend on implementation of these interventions by stakeholders.
Flow Cytometric Diagnosis of Acute Leukemia and Aberrant Antigen: Sohag University Experience

Background: Multiparameter flow cytometry is the most important method for the lineage assignment and maturational analysis of acute leukemias (AL) cells. The multi parametric immunophenotyping analysis allows the detection of aberrant antigen expression and the analysis of heterogeneity and clonality of malignant cells in AL. The aim of the work is to study the immunophenotypes of blasts from patients with AL and determine the frequency of aberrant markers. Subjects and Methods: Retrospective study to analyze immunophenotypic data of de novo 144 AL patients who were diagnosed in Clinical Pathology Department, Sohag University. Results: We found that 61.8% of AL patients were classified as acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) while 38.9% classified as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The commonest FAB subtype in AML group was AML-M2 (31.8%) followed by M4-M5 27.3%. As regard ALL, there were 85.7% with B-ALL and 14.3% with T-ALL. The aberrancy expressions were found in 66 of AL cases (45.8%), CD7 was the most commonly expressed lymphoid antigen in AML (25%), CD13 was the most commonly expressed myeloid antigen in ALL (39.3%). Conclusion: The multi parametric immunophenotyping analysis of AL is sufficient for diagnosis and classification of leukemia. The frequencies of aberra
Fenner and White's Medical Virology, 5 Ed. 5

Fenner and White's Medical Virology, Fifth Edition provides an integrated view of related sciences, from cell biology, to medical epidemiology and human social behavior. The perspective represented by this book, that of medical virology as an infectious disease science, is meant to provide a starting point, an anchor, for those who must relate the subject to clinical practice, public health practice, scholarly research, and other endeavors. The book presents detailed exposition on the properties of viruses, how viruses replicate, and how viruses cause disease. These chapters are then followed by an overview of the principles of diagnosis, epidemiology, and how virus infections can be controlled. The first section concludes with a discussion on emergence and attempts to predict the next major public health challenges. These form a guide for delving into the specific diseases of interest to the reader as described in Part II. This lucid and concise, yet comprehensive, text is admirably suited to the needs of not only advanced students of science and medicine, but also postgraduate students, teachers, and research workers in all areas of virology. Features updated and expanded coverage of pathogenesis and immunity Contains the latest laboratory diagnostic methods Provides insights into clinical features of human viral disease, vaccines, chemotherapy, epidemiology, and control
Estimation of Plasma Glucose and Creatinine Level in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Wistar Rats treated with Metformin and Thiazolidinediones

Introduction: Diabetes increases the risk of developing neuropathy. In this study, we estimate the effect of Metformin, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone on the body weight, blood glucose and creatinine level of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Method: Alloxan (150 mg/kg) was used to induce hyperglycemia in fasted rats. Hyperglycaemia was treated with metformin, 150 mg/kg/d; pioglitazone, 3 mg/kg/d; and rosiglitazone, 10 mg/kg/d). The anti-diabetic drugs were administered orally for 28 days. The kidneys were removed when the animals were sacrificed plasma and kidney creatinine level was measured. Results: There was the reduction in weight of diabetic rats and those administered with metformin while there was an increase in weight of rats administered with rosiglitazone and pioglitazone. There is also reduction in blood glucose level of all treated rats compared with the diabetes control. The effects of creatinine on muscle metabolism generation and serum are insignificant at P≤0.05. Conclusion: This experiment suggests that short-term diabetes does not have an effect on plasma creatinine level and muscle metabolism of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
Impacts of combined or single supplementation of branched-chain amino acids on delayed onset muscle soreness and muscle damage following resistance exercise

The purpose of this investigation was to determine and compare the effects of leucine (Leu), valine (Val), isoleucine (Ilue), and combined branched chain amino acids (BCAA) supplementation, on markers of muscle damage following resistance exercise. It was hypothesized that supplementation would attenuate the levels of indirect muscle damage markers and muscle soreness following exercise-induced muscle damage, and facilitate the restoration of muscle function. A total of 50 untrained males were randomly divided into five groups; Leu (n = 10), Ilue (n = 10), Val (n = 10), BCAA (n = 10), and placebo (n = 10). The muscle damage protocol specific to non-athletes is used in the current study. A 500 ml of group-specific solution was given to each group in two time points, 30 minutes before and immediately after performing the exercise. Multivariate analysis showed significant time differences for LDH in all groups (p<0.05); there were significant multivariate time differences in all groups regarding creatine kinase (CK) (p=0.000 for all groups). A significant time differences observed in all groups regarding repetition maximum [RM] (p<0.01) and pain (p=0.000 for all groups). The results of this investigation show that compared to combined BCAA, Ilue or Val; Leu provides more protective effect on attenuating the immediate increase in biochemical markers of muscle damage following eccentric-based resistance exercise, while combined BCAA may aid to maintain the range of motion. Additionally the results showed that perceived pain by individuals in the placebo group was significantly higher compared to all other groups. Hence, BCAA intake, especially Leu, in the dosage used in this investigation is ergogenic for untrained males.
Impact of Pharmacist-Led Diabetes Program on Glycated Hemoglobin and Diabetes-Related Hospitalizations in a District-Level Hospital: A Pilot Retrospective Cohort Study

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacist-led diabetes program in improving glycated hemoglobin and diabetes-related hospitalizations of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a district level hospital without structured diabetes care model. Thus far, the impact of pharmacist-led diabetes program in hospital settings without endocrinologist, dietitian, nutritionist, diabetes educator and diabetes link nurse is unknown. This study hypothesized that there would be a difference in the aforementioned outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus managed primarily by pharmacist. Methods: A pilot retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending regular follow-up in the medical outpatient department and diabetes medication therapy adherence clinic. Convenience sampling method was used to recruit study subjects who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, aged ≥18 years old and A1C ≥8%. Results: Twenty-nine study subjects were eligible for both groups respectively. Pharmacist group had study subjects with higher baseline A1C values, more dyslipidemia cases and all prescribed with insulin therapy. A significant mean A1C reductions from the baseline to twelve months after enrollment could be observed in the pharmacist program but not in the usual medical care group. However, there was no significant difference between these two groups in terms of diabetes-related hospitalizations. Conclusion: Pharmacist-led diabetes program has a significant impact on glycated hemoglobin reductions among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus but not diabetes-related hospitalizations.