Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Ascophylluml Polysiphonial Mycosphaerella Symbiosis V. Fungal Infection Protects A. nosodum from Desiccation

Laboratory studies were carried out with Ascophyllwn nodosum (L.) Le Jolis in which zygotes were either infected or not with its mycobiont MycosphaereUa ascophylli Cotton. Zygotes were continuously immersed or desiccated for 1, 2, 4 or 8 h per day. The survival, growth and morphology were examined after 12 weeks. Infection with M. ascophylli improved zygote growth at l h desiccation relative to non-infected thalli and non-desiccated thalli. In non-desiccating conditions, zygotes infected with M. ascophylli had lower rhizoid numbers; however, the 1 and 2 h desiccation treatments increased rhizoid production to levels in non-infected thalli. These results suggest that M. ascophylli has a role in protecting A. nodosum zygotes from desiccation, and that desiccation influences rhizoid production.
Seasonal Polymorphism and Developmental Changes in Organs of Flight and Reproduction in Bivoltine Pondskaters (Hem. Gerridae)

The seasonal changes in the frequency of long-winged individuals and individuals with reduced flight organs in bivoltine populations of Gerris lacustris (L.) and odontogaster Zett. were investigated by means of regular sampling of adults and rearings of nymphs. Both species have a high frequency of short-winged individuals in the first generation. During the late summer and autumn there is an increase in lacustris nymphs moulting into short-winged adults, while nearly all odontogaster become long-winged. The females of the early summer generation have reduced ventral pigmentation and attain reproductive maturity just after their final moult. Their offspring—the partial second generation—together with the nonreproducing adults of the late summer generation constitute the overwintering population. During the teneral development of newly moulted, long-winged adults lasting for one or two weeks there is a nearly fourfold increase in the mean fibre diameter of flight muscles, a significant growth of the thoracic phragmata, and a pigmentation of mesonotum associated with the development of flight ability. The flight muscles are histolysed during the period of reproductive activity in spring. These observations promote a new hypothesis regarding the adaptive significance of alary polymorphism in aquatic Hemiptera.
Enjeux fonciers, exploitation des ressources naturelles et Forêts des Communautés Locales en périphérie de Kinshasa, RDC

L'identification des acteurs, des finages, des dynamiques sociales locales et du rapport a la terre et aux ressources naturelles constitue un prealable a toute intervention dans les zones peri-urbaines soumises a forte pression anthropique. En Republique Democratique du Congo, la capitale Kinshasa, megapole en pleine extension, engendre une pression considerable sur les ressources ligneuses dans les finages des villages situes dans sa grande peripherie. Cet article decrit ces rapports des acteurs aux espaces-ressources dans deux zones (Bas-Congo et plateau Bateke) situees en peripherie de cette ville, zones considerees comme des bassins d'approvisionnement en bois-energie. Les deux sites different en termes de pression fonciere (tres elevee dans le Bas-Congo, centree sur les forets galerie sur les plateaux Bateke) mais presentent les memes facies de surexploitation des ressources ligneuses. Dans les deux cas, la gestion locale, aux mains des chefs de village ou des chefs de lignee, a failli. La volonte de reboisement est aussi grande au Bas-Congo qu'elle semble moins developpee sur les plateaux. Dans les deux cas, la pratique du retour rapide sur la formation vegetale (pour l'agriculture ou pour l'exploitation du charbon de bois) hypotheque la possibilite de regeneration de la plupart des essences locales. Les perspectives d'une gestion communautaire des ressources naturelles par la nouvelle loi portant creation des « Forets des Communautes Rurales » sont discutees.
Urinary cortisol levels of gray‐cheeked mangabeys are higher in disturbed compared to undisturbed forest areas in Kibale National Park, Uganda

Habitat disturbance due to anthropogenic activities is a source of acute and chronic energetic stress in wild animals, including primates. Physiological responses to stress can compromise growth and reproduction, increase susceptibility to infection and lead to deleterious effects on health and conservation efforts. However, physiological measures of energetic stress in association with habitat disturbance are uncommon, especially for wild primate species. Here, we report differences in the stress hormone cortisol in two subpopulations of wild gray‐cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena) inhabiting disturbed and undisturbed forest areas of Kibale National Park, Uganda. Cortisol levels were assessed via opportunistically and noninvasively collected urine samples using previously validated methods. We hypothesized that mangabeys in disturbed forest (DF) areas would experience greater stress and therefore exhibit higher average cortisol levels than conspecifics in nearby relatively undisturbed forest areas (UF). As predicted, mangabeys in the disturbed area had significantly higher cortisol levels (unpaired t‐test of log transformed data, t = 4.88, d.f. = 108, P < 0.0001). Mangabeys in undisturbed forest exhibited expected diurnal patterns of cortisol excretion while those in disturbed areas did not, suggesting alteration of the circadian pattern of hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal function (DF, r = 0.12, P = 0.43; UF, r = 0.35, P = 0.005). Reasons for differences are unclear, but could include altered food availability and distribution, human contact or other anthropogenic effects. Noninvasive measurements of urinary hormones are useful for quantifying animal energetic stress in the wild and assessing the effects of conservation efforts to attenuate anthropogenic stress in wild populations.
THE EFFECT OF STARVATION FACTOR ON THE SURVIVAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FLEXIBACTER CHINENSIS

To survive in natural waters, bacteria must respond to a variety of environmental variables such as starvation. Flexibacter chinensis was grown and multiplied in the starvation medium and its viable count, total count and cell size were investigated under different temperatures. Also, the effects of different nutrient sources were investigated. The survival of the organism under starvation conditions was temperature dependent with the longest survival occurring at 4 degrees C and the shortest at above 30 degrees C. Amendments of starvation medium with glucose or urea (as carbon and nitrogen source respectively) delayed the reduction in cell size and increased the survival time of F. chinensis at a number of different temperatures.
The marine copepod, Pseudocalanus elongatus, as a mediator between climate variability and fisheries in the Central Baltic Sea

Pseudocalanus elongatus is a key species in the pelagic zone of the deep basins of the Central Baltic Sea. The copepod serves as a major food organism for larval as well as for adult, pelagic planktivorous fish. Large interannual fluctuations in the standing stock of P. elongatus have been attributed to significant changes in the hydrographic environment over the last two decades. In particular, the decreasing salinity in the Baltic deep basins, a result of a change in atmospheric forcing leading to an increase in rainfall since the 1980s and of a lack of pulses of saline water intrusions from the North Sea, was found to affect reproduction and maturation of the copepod. In parallel, dramatic changes in the weight-at-age of herring, one of the most important commercial fishes of the Baltic Sea, have been observed since the late 1980s. Using time-series on herring stomach contents, as well as length and weight, we provide evidence for a chain of events relating variability in climate, salinity and P. elongatus abundance to changes in diet and condition of herring in the Central Baltic Sea.
Effets de la réutilisation des eaux usées brutes de la ville d’Oujda sur quelques paramètres agronomiques et bactériologiques

Ce travail presente les resultats d’une etude comparative de l’irrigation de trois cultures (laitue, ail et courgette) avec des eaux usees brutes (EUB), l’eau potable enrichie de fertilisants (EPF) et l’eau potable (EP), afin de mettre en evidence, d’une part, l’effet de ces traitements sur les parametres de croissance et, d’autre part, de determiner le degre de contamination de ces eaux et des cultures par les germes indicateurs de pollution. L’irrigation avec les EUB et EPF conduit a une amelioration du rendement de toutes les cultures testees sans pourtant affecter les caracteristiques physico-chimiques du sol. L’evolution de la largeur et de la longueur des feuilles de l’ail(variete de Meknes et variete de Figuig) est similaire lors de l’irrigation avec les EUB et les EPF. L’effet de ces deux traitements sur la longueur de la courgette et sur la variation du poids frais, la surface foliaire et la hauteur de la laitue n’a fait ressortir aucune difference significative. L’analyse bacteriologique a montre que la contamination des cultures par les germes fecaux varie selon la nature du vegetal cultive et le type d’eau utilisee pour l’irrigation. Comparativement a l’ensemble des cultures testees, la laitue presente le degre de contamination le plus eleve. Le nombre des germes fecaux obtenu a partir de l’organe comestible depasse les normes prescrites par la FAO/OMS (5 CF/g du fruit), ce qui pourrait avoir un effet nefaste sur la sante publique.
Isolation of a Rickettsiales-like organism from diseased coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch ) in Chile.

A rickettsiales-like organism was isolated in cell culture from coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) reared in seawater net pens in the vicinity of Puerto Montt, Chile S. A. and experiencing an epizootic with accompanying mortality. The organism, observed in fish and isolated in cell culture, was GRAM-negative, pleomorphic, predominantly coccoid in shape, and approximately 1μm in diameter. It replicated, producing cytopathic effect (CPE) in cell lines from four species of salmonids, but failed to grow in any of eleven standard bacteriological media. The optimal temperature for replication was 15-18°C based on the production of CPE. Streptomycin, gentamicin, and tetracycline were inhibitory for the organism, but it was not sensitive to penicillin. The isolated organism stained with GIEMSA and PINKERTON'S stains and with a modified GIMENEZ stain. It did not react with a monoclonal antibody against the group-specific LPS chlamydial antigen. On the basis of available information, we suggest this organism is a member of the order Rickettsiales and represents the first isolation of a member of this group from an aquatic poikilotherm.
AGE AND GROWTH OF THREE SPECIES OF SEERFISHES SCOMBEROMORUS COMMERSOU, S. GUTTATUS AND S. L1NEOLATUS

Length-frequency an:(lysis indicates that the king seer (Scomberomorus cotnmerson) attains a size of 402 mim, 726 mm, 995 mm and 1186 mm total length at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years of age, respectively, the streaked seer (S. Uneolatus) reaches a size of 350 mm, 713 mm, 835 mm and 965 mm total length et 1, 2, 3 and 4 years, respectively, and the spotted seer (S. guttatus a size of 369 mm, 532 mm: and 640 mm at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. Back-calculated lengths of fish at the time of ring formation on otoliths figree closely with the results of lengthfrequency analysis. The maximum lengths of king seer, streaked seer and spotted seer met with in the catches are 1936 mm (33 kg), 980' mm (4.6 kg) and 705 mm (2.1 kg), respectively. The theoretical maximum lengths (Lac) computed by Bagenal or Rafail method for the von Bertsfeaffy growth equation are found to be 2081 mm (46.7 kg) for the king seer, 1683 mm (15.7 kg) for the male streaked seer, 1447 ram (24.3 kg) for the female streaked seer and 1278 mm (9.6 kg) for the spotted seer. All the three species develop two rings a year in their otoliths at a regular interval of six months. For all the three species, the exponent in the length-weight relationship is found to be close to 3.
Insecticidal Activity and Synergistic Effect of Gundelia tournefortii L. (Asteraceae: Compositae) Extracts and Some Pure Constituents on Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Drosophilidae: Diptera)

Laboratory bioassay experiments were conducted using Gundelia tournefortii L. (Asteraceae: Compositae) plant as a source of active ingredients against the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Drosophilidae: Diptera) as a model insect. Extracts of all plant parts except roots were tested using seven solvents; acetone, benzene, chloroform, ethanol, ether, methanol and water. Seeds and flowers gave the highest percentages of extracted yield than leaves and stems. Chloroform seed-extract showed the highest toxicity to D. melanogaster larvae with the lowest LC50 value (119.95 ppm), followed by the chloroform leaf and the ether leaf and seed-extracts. Mortality percentages to fly larvae due to both carbaryl and imidacloprid insecticides were increased from 10-20% to 40-70% with synergistic factors of 3-4 times after acetone and chloroform seed-extracts had been added. α-Terpinyl acetate and oleic acid of the G. tournefortii were responsible for 80% and 70% of larval mortalities with LC50 of 22.98 and 23.15 ppm, respectively. Therefore, both chemicals can be further investigated as bioactive insecticides and could be incorporated into IPM programs of insect pests.
Comments on the taxonomic treatment of Micractinium reisseri (Chlorellaceae, Trebouxiophyceae), a common endosymbiont in Paramecium

Micractinium reisseri Hoshina, Iwataki et Imamura (Chlorellaceae, Trebouxiophyceae), an alga symbiotic with the ciliate Paramecium bursaria (Ehrenberg) Focker, was recently renamed M. conductrix (K. Brandt) Pröschold et Darienko. The name ‘conductrix’ was originally given to an algal endosymbiont of Hydra, a genus of Hydrozoa. Here, I outline key differences between symbionts of hydra and Paramecium, and therefore, argue against the validity of the taxonomic treatment of M. reisseri by Pröschold and colleagues.
Postcranial osteology and functional morphology of the Litopterna of Salla, Bolivia (Late Oligocene)

ABSTRACT Postcranial remains of litopterns of Salla, Bolivia are described and discussed in terms of their functional morphology. These elements are not associated with dental remains, but can be confidently referred to the family Macraucheniidae or Proterotheriidae. The macraucheniids (cf. Coniopternium spp.) have transversely stable joints indicating their specialization for parasagittal movements at these articulations (e.g., the humeral-antebrachial, cruxastragalar, and astragalonavicular joints). A profound suprapatellar fossa (“patellar pit”) of the femur is interpreted as having provided a place in which the patella could have become lodged, thus locking the knee-joint in the extended position. Facets on the cuboid and astragalus and their articulation in life position indicate that cuboastragular contact was present. This contact was slight, however, and may have occurred only during the loaded part of the locomotor cycle. A partial pes of a proterotheriid represents the first unambiguous evidence.
Susceptibility of the red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae (Acari: Tetranychidae), to acaricides on tea plants in Japan

Abstract The red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner) (Tetranychidae), was recently found on mango and tea plants in the Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan. The susceptibility of adult females and eggs of a population from tea on Okinawa Island to 19 acaricides was examined, using a spray tower. The LC50 values in female adults of O. coffeae indicated high susceptibility to 15 acaricides and resistance only to chlorfenapyr. Of the group of 15 chemicals, bifenazate and fenbutatiaoxide yielded higher LC50 values in O. coffeae than in the susceptible strain of T. kanzawai, suggesting that these chemicals may be less effective in controlling O. coffeae. Eggs were resistant to ten acaricides, especially to bifenthrin and chlorfenapyr, but susceptible to the other nine. Thus, eggs were more resistant to the chemicals than adult females, but nine acaricides are candidates for effective control of O. coffeae.
Abstract B241: Bispecific antibody targeting EGFR and cMet demonstrates superior activity compared to the combination of single pathway inhibitors.

Many tumors respond initially to targeted therapy, only to develop resistance over time thereby allowing the tumors to progress. In patients treated with EGFR small molecule inhibitors, the cMet pathway is often upregulated, either through MET gene amplification or an increase in the ligand HGF, to compensate and provide resistance to the EGFR monotherapy. Because both EGFR and cMet signal through some of the same survival and growth-promoting pathways, dual inhibition of these receptors may improve efficacy and prevent resistance through these mechanisms. We have designed a bispecific EGFR-cMet antibody (EM1-mAb) with multiple mechanisms of action resulting in superior activity compared to a combination of single EGFR and cMet inhibitors. Fab arm exchange was used to produce EM1-mAb, a technique that allows for efficient large-scale preparation of bispecific antibodies. EM1-mAb prevented binding of the ligands EGF and HGF to their respective receptors, EGFR (IC50 = 10 nM) and cMet (IC50 = 30 nM). Ligand-induced phosphorylation of each receptor was inhibited in cell-based assays. Blocking signaling from both EGFR and cMet with a combination of single monospecific antibodies resulted in an enhanced inhibition of pERK, a downstream effector of both receptors. The bispecific EM1-mAb further increased the potency of inhibition of pERK (55-65-fold) compared to the combination of single monospecific antibodies, suggesting an avidity effect on downstream signaling. EM1-mAb was evaluated in SCID-beige mice implanted with tumor cells engineered to express human HGF. Complete regression of 8/8 tumors was observed upon treatment with EM1-mAb dosed twice a week at 20 mg/kg. After the dosing period of four weeks, mice were monitored for an additional 10 weeks and no tumor regrowth was observed. Our data demonstrate that the bispecific antibody EM1-mAb, generated using Fab arm exchange, inhibited EGFR and cMet pathways simultaneously, resulting in superior activity in cellular downstream signaling compared to the combination of single pathway inhibitors. These attributes allow for a more efficient path toward clinical development. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):B241. Citation Format: Sheri Moores, Mark Chiu, Barbara Bushey, Kristen Chevalier, Diana Chin, Susan Chippari, Peter Haytko, Frank McCabe, Joost Neijssen, Paul Parren, Janine Schuurman, Sam Wu, Ricardo Attar, Mark Anderson. Bispecific antibody targeting EGFR and cMet demonstrates superior activity compared to the combination of single pathway inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B241.
Age, growth, reproduction and feed of longnosed skate, Dipturus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Saros Bay, the north Aegean Sea

Summary The age, growth, reproduction, and feeding of longnosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) were studied using 179 specimens from the Saros Bay (North Aegean Sea) between March 2005 and December 2007. Composition was 49.7% females and 50.3% males. Total length of females ranged from 14.9 to 100 cm (disc width, 9.8–65 cm), and of males from 15.2 to 86.5 cm (disc width, 10–57.5 cm). Total length-weight and disc width-weight relationships are described by the equations W = 0.0008*TL3.35 and W = 0.0043*DW3.29, respectively. The age data, derived from vertebrae readings, were used to estimate the growth parameters of the von Bertalanffy equation: L∞ = 256.46 cm, K = 0.04 year−1, t0 = −1.17year. The maximum age was 9 years. Males matured at 64–65 cm (disc width, 43.5 cm) and females at 82–83 cm TL (disc width, 53 cm). The stomach contained mainly Parapenaus longirostris, IRI: 93.47%.
Cutting Edge: Histamine Inhibits IFN-α Release from Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC) are professional APC and a major source of type I IFN following viral infection. We previously showed that histamine alters the cytokine profiles of maturing monocyte-derived DC resulting in a change from Th1 to Th2 in their T cell polarizing function. In this study, we show that human plasmacytoid DC, activated by either CpG oligodeoxynucleotides or viral infection, also respond to histamine through H2 receptors, leading to a marked down-regulation of IFN-α and TNF-α and a moderate switch in their capacity to polarize naive T cells. Our findings provide an explanation for low levels of type I IFN frequently observed in atopic individuals.
Resposta da cultura de soja a aplicação de silício foliar = Response of soybean crop to the silicon fertilization on leaves

Com objetivo de avaliar o efeito da aplicacao de silicio na cultura da soja (Glycine max L. Merril) foi realizado um estudo na Fazenda Canavial - Campus II do Centro Universitario de Patos de Minas (UNIPAM), de dezembro de 2007 a abril de 2008. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos ao acaso constituido por quatro tratamentos (T1, testemunha sem aplicacao; T2, uma aplicacao de silicio foliar; T3, duas aplicacoes de silicio foliar e T4, tres aplicacoes de silicio foliar) com tres repeticoes. A primeira aplicacao de silicio foi realizada no estadio V8 (46 dias apos a semeadura), a segunda em R1 (60 dias apos a semeadura) e a terceira em R5.1 (88 dias apos a semeadura). Foram realizadas analises fenometricas de fitomassa seca de raiz, caule, folhas, orgaos reprodutivos e taxas de crescimento de acordo com a metodologia proposta por Benicasa (2003). A partir da terceira aplicacao que o silicio afetou o acumulo de fitomassa seca das plantas, exceto para fitomassa seca de raiz. As plantas que receberam tres aplicacoes de silicio apresentaram maior espessura de folha, observado pela diminuicao da area foliar especifica (16%, 17,5% e 9,9% em relacao ao T1, T2 e T3, respectivamente). Desta forma pode-se inferir que somente a partir da terceira aplicacao (T4) o silicio acumulou-se em niveis adequados a planta para promover aumento no acumulo de massa seca e assim aumentar a produtividade, sendo esta superior em 20, 18 e 20 sacas por ha-1 em relacao aos tratamentos T1, T2 e T3, respectivamente.
THE ASSESSMENT OF MOCHI QUALITY WAS FORTIFIED SNAKEHEAD FISH (Channa striata) PROTEIN CONCENTRATE

AbstractMochi is a Japanese traditional foods are quite popular in Indonesia. This product is madefrom glutinous rice flour and generally spherical and semi wet. To improve the proteincontent of mochi, the research about snakehead fish (Channa striata) protein concentrate wasdone. The research was conducted on July 2014 on Fisheries Processing Technology andFisheries Chemical Laboratory Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science. This study wasaimed to determine the best fish protein concentrated to mochi quality. The methode used inthis research was experimental methode; mochi was fortified with different fish proteinconcentrate (0%, 3.5%, and 4.5%) by using a Completely Randomined Design. The resultsshowed that the mochi with addition 4.5% of fish protein concentrate was the best treatmentwith organoleptic quality characteristics of taste 8.17; texture 8.27; appearance 8.01; and odor8.13. Proximate analysis for water content 37.62%; ash content 0.98%; and protein content23.61%. Keywords: Quality, Mochi, Fortified, Fish Protein Concentrate, Channa striata