Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting tropical cyclone intensity using satellite-measured equivalent blackbody temperatures of cloud tops

Abstract A relationship between maximum winds and satellite-measured equivalent blackbody temperatures near tropical cyclones is investigated with data from both the Atlantic and western North Pacific areas. This investigation revealed not only a significant correlation between satellite-derived equivalent blackbody temperatures and maximum winds but also a strong lag relationship between these temperatures and maximum winds. From this latter relationship a regression technique was developed to forecast 24 h changes of the maximum winds for weak (maximum winds ≤ 65 kt) and strong (maximum winds > 65 kt) tropical cyclones by utilizing the equivalent blackbody temperatures around the storm alone, and together with changes in maximum winds during the preceding 24 h and the current maximum winds. Testing of these equations with independent data showed that the mean errors of forecasts made by the equations are lower than the errors in forecasts made by persistence techniques.
Testing linear inequality constraints in the standard linear model

In this paper we are concerned with the problem of testing whether the â-parameters of the standard linear model satisfy the linear equality constraints R = r when they are known to satisfy the corresponding linear inequality constraints Râ ⩾ r. In particular we will show that the exact finite sample null distributions of the Likelihood Ratio, Wald and Kuhn-Tucker statistics are known when R is of full row rank but not known when R has less than full row rank. The less than full row rank problem has not been discussed previously but it is of considerable potential importance. This paper contains several simple numerical examples which illustrate the computational details of the tests
New calibrators for the Cepheid period-luminosity relation

IUE spectra of six Cepheids have been used to determine their absolute magnitudes from the spectral types of their binary companions. The stars observed are U Aql, V659 Cen, Y Lac, S Nor, V350 Sgr, and V636 Sco. The absolute magnitude for V659 Cen is more uncertain than for the others because its reddening is poorly determined and the spectral type is hotter than those of the others. In addition, a reddening law with extra absorption in the 2200 A region is necessary, although this has a negligible effect on the absolute magnitude
APPARENT SLIP FLOWS IN HYDROPHILIC AND HYDROPHOBIC MICROCHANNELS

The slip effects of water flow in hydrophilic and hydrophobic microchannels of 1 and 2 μm depth are examined experimentally. High-precision microchannels were treated chemically to enhance their hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. The flow rates of pure water at various applied pressure differences for each surface condition were measured using a high-precision flow metering system and compared to a theoretical model that allows for a slip velocity at the solid surface. The slip length was found to vary approximately linearly with the shear rate with values of approximately 30 nm for the flow of water over hydrophobic surfaces at a shear rate of 105 s−1. The existence of slip over the hydrophilic surface remains uncertain, due to the sensitivity of the current analysis to nanometer uncertainties in the channel height.
A possible long-lived asteroid population at the equilateral Lagrangian points of Saturn

The Lagrangian equilateral points of a planetary orbit are points of equilibrium that trail at 60°, ahead (L4) or behind (L5), the trajectory of a planet. Jupiter is the only major planet in our Solar system harbouring a known population of asteroids at those locations. Here we report the existence of orbits close to the Lagrangian points of Saturn, stable at time-scales comparable to the age of the Solar system. By scaling with respect to the Trojan population we have estimated the number of objects that would populate the regions, which gives a significant figure. Moreover, mutual physical collisions over the age of the Solar system would be very rare, so the evaporation rate of this swarm arising from mutual interactions would be very low. A population of asteroids not self-collisionally evolved after their formation stage would be the first to be observed in our planetary system. Our present estimations are based on the assumption that the capture efficiency at Saturn’s equilateral points is comparable with the one corresponding to Jupiter, thus our figures may be taken as upper limits. In any case, observational constraints on their number would provide funda­ mental clues to our understanding of the history of the outer Solar system. If they existed, the surface properties and size distribution of those objects would represent unusually valuable fossil records of our early planetary system.
Finitude des couples d'invariants modulaires singuliers sur une courbe algébrique plane non modulaire

Abstract Let S be an irreducible algebraic curve in the affine complex plane. Assume that S is neither a horizontal Une, nor a vertical line, nor a modular curve Y0(N) (for any integer N ≧ 1). Then there are only finitely many points P of S such that both coordinates of P are singular moduli (i.e. invariants of elliptic curves with complex multiplication).
Schrödinger problems for surfaces of revolution—the finite cylinder as a test example

A set of ordinary differential equations is derived employing the method of differentiable forms so as to describe the quantum mechanics of a particle constrained to move on a general two-dimensional surface of revolution. Eigenvalues and eigenstates are calculated quasianalytically in the case of a finite cylinder (finite along the axis) and compared with the eigenvalues and eigenstates of a full three-dimensional Schrodinger problem corresponding to a hollow cylinder in the limit where the inner and outer radii approach each other. Good agreement between the two models is obtained for a relative difference less than 20% in inner and outer radii.
Bäcklund transformations as exact integrable time discretizations for the trigonometric Gaudin model

We construct a two-parameter family of Bäcklund transformations for the trigonometric classical Gaudin magnet. The approach follows closely the one introduced by Sklyanin and Kuznetsov (1998 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 31 2241–51) in a number of seminal papers and takes advantage of the intimate relation between the trigonometric and the rational case. As in the paper by Hone, Kuznetsov and one of the authors (OR) (2001 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 34 2477–90) the Bäcklund transformations are presented as explicit symplectic maps, starting from their Lax representation. The (expected) connection with the xxz Heisenberg chain is established and the rational (xxx) case is recovered in a suitable limit. It is shown how to obtain a ‘physical’ transformation mapping real variables into real variables. The interpolating Hamiltonian flow is derived and some numerical iterations of the map are presented.
On the Stability of Students’Rules of Operation for Solving Arithmetic Problems

The purpose o f this study was to examine the consistency with which students applied procedural rules for solving signed-number operations across identical items presented in different orders. A test with 64 open-ended items was administered to 161 eighth graders. The test consisted o f two 32-item subtests containing identical items. The items in each subtest were in random order. Students’responses to each subtest were compared with respect to the identified underlying rules o f operation used to solve each problem set. The results indicated that inconsistent rule application was common among students who had not mastered signed-number arithmetic operations. In contrast, mastery level students, those who use the right rules, show a stable pattern o f rule application in signed-number arithmetic. These results are discussed in light of the hypothesis testing approach to the learning process.
Electro-optical light scattering shutter using electrospun cellulose-based nano- and microfibers

Electrospun cellulose-based nano and microfibers and a nematic liquid crystal are used to assemble an electro-optical (EO) light-scattering device that shows enhanced characteristics when compared to similar devices. Based on the controlled scattering of light in the composite system, the device can achieve light transmission coefficients tunable from 1% up to around 89%. Simulation of the EO behavior indicates that the roughness of the polymer-liquid crystal interface is crucial for the optical performance of the device.
Left-Right Gauge Symmetry and an Isoconjugate Model of CP Violation

Left-right symmetry in the starting gauge interactions provides the basis for an "isoconjugate" model of CP violation with the consequence that η+−=η00. The magnitude of CP violation is naturally suppressed at least to the extent that V+A interactions are suppressed in nature compared to the V−A interactions. This allows the possibility that intrinsic CP-violating phase (arising through spontaneous symmetry breaking, for example) may have a maximal character, which may reveal itself at intermediate high energies to possibly disappear at still higher energies. CP violation in leptonic, semileptonic, and ΔY=0 parity-violating nonleptonic interactions (which could contribute to the electric dipole moment of the neutron) arise on the one hand in fourth order of the weak gauge interactions and on the other via Yukawa interactions between fermions and leftover Higgs mesons as well as via WL−WR mixing. The magnitude of the latter contributions may be limited to be less than or of order GF×10−4 in order that the experimentally observed relation η+−=η00 may hold at least to a few percent. Thus the electric dipole moment of the neutron dn is expected to be less than or of order 10−24e cm. CP violation in all |ΔS|=1 nonleptonic decays (Y→N+π, etc.) should, in general, have the same order of magnitude as |η+−|.
ON THE INTEGRABILITY OF HAMILTONIAN SYSTEMS WITH TORAL POSITION SPACE

This paper considers the problem on the complete integrability of a Hamiltonian system with a toral position space, with Euclidean kinetic energy and a small analytic potential. Necessary integrability conditions are found in the case when the potential is a trigonometric polynomial. These conditions are also necessary conditions of existence of additional first integrals, polynomial in the momenta (with no assumption on the smallness of the potential). The proofs are based on a detailed analysis of the classical scheme of perturbation theory. The general results are applied to the study of the complete integrability of the well-known problem on the motion of n points along a line with periodic interaction potential. In particular, the nonintegrability of the "open" chain of interactions of particles is proved for n > 2; the "periodic" chain is nonintegrable with the additional condition that the potential be a nonconstant trigonometric polynomial. Conditions for complete integrability of the generalized nonperiodic Toda chain are discussed.Bibliography: 17 titles.
Kalman filter‐based adaptive control for networked systems with unknown parameters and randomly missing outputs

This paper investigates the problem of adaptive control for networked control systems with unknown model parameters and randomly missing outputs. In particular, for a system with the autoregressive model with exogenous input placed in a network environment, the randomly missing output feature is modeled as a Bernoulli process. Then, an output estimator is designed to online estimate the missing output measurements, and further a Kalman filter‐based method is proposed for parameter estimation. Based on the estimated output and the available output, and the estimated model parameters, an adaptive control is designed to make the output track the desired signal. Convergence properties of the proposed algorithms are analyzed in detail. Simulation examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptotics for orthogonal polynomials with regularly varying recurrence coefficients

Introduction By W.A. A. Sakam, A. Ditzian and S.D. Riemenschneider . 1 Dedication . 7 (0, 3) interpolation on the zeros of πn(x) By M.R. Akhlaghi, A.M. Chak and A. Sharma . 9 On Ikebe’s Condition By Dan Amir . 23 Divided difference operators and classical orthogonal polynomials By Richard Askey . 33 Asymptotics for orthogonal polynomials with regularly varying recurrence coefficients By Walter Van Assche and Jeffrey S. Geronimo . 39 Continuous approximation methods for the regularization and smoothing of integral transforms By R.P. Bennell and J.C. Mason . 51 An example of a Chebyshev set By H. Berens and H.J. Schmid . 67 Converse results in the theory of equiconvergence of interpolating rational functions By M.A. Bokhari . 73 T -invariant algebras on Riemann surfaces II By Andrè Boivin . 83 Approximating π with Ramanujan’s solvable modular equations By J.M. Borwein and P.B. Borwein . 93 Sudden symmetry in simultaneous approximation By M.G. De Bruin . 103
Depth-averaged model for undular hydraulic jump

ABSTRACT An undular hydraulic jump corresponds to the weak transition from super- to subcritical-flow in the form of steady free surface undulations. Previous models on undular hydraulic jumps employed the potential flow theory, i.e., the solitary and cnoidal wave theories. Experimental observations indicate the inadequacy of this theory, which motivated the development of more advanced approximations. Basic flow features including friction effects on the velocity profile, modelling of the bed-shear stress, and Reynolds stresses are considered. However, none of the models currently available include all these aspects. In this study, a general depth-averaged model is developed based on the k-ϵ turbulence closure. The general depth-averaged equations are applied to the undular jump problem, introducing a suitable time-averaged velocity distribution based on a composite power-law model, in which both streamline curvature and vorticity are accounted for. The bed-shear stress closure is included by a boundary layer method. Predictions of the depth-averaged Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model are shown to be close to the 2D RANS solution and to experimental observations.
Statistical performance of the first order phase difference digital instantaneous frequency estimator

The authors derive exact analytical expressions for the PDF of instantaneous frequency estimate and the mean squared error (MSE) of a first order phase difference estimator in Gaussian white noise. The MSE is also derived in terms of linearised circular mean squared error, and is then compared to the Cramer-Rao bounds
Thermal conductivity of silicene nanosheets and the effect of isotopic doping

This paper investigates the thermal conductivity of silicene nanosheets (SiNSs) via molecular dynamic simulation. It shows that the thermal conductivity of pristine SiNSs is about 25–30 W mK−1 and exhibits anisotropic behaviour. Moreover, it is found that isotopic doping is efficient in reducing the thermal conductivity of SiNSs. When SiNSs are randomly doped with 30Si at the doping percentage of 50%, a maximum reduction of about 20% is obtained. This reduction can be increased when the dopants are arranged into a superlattice pattern. The thermal conductivity of these superlattice-structured SiNSs changes non-monotonically as the thickness of their lattice layers decreases. Detailed analysis of the phonon spectra demonstrates that the competing mechanism between the interface scattering and confinement effects of the phonon modes is responsible for this non-monotonical behaviour.
Limit Theory for Moderate Deviations from a Unit Root

An asymptotic theory is given for autoregressive time series with weakly dependent innovations and a root of the form rhon = 1 + c/nalpha, involving moderate deviations from unity when alpha in (0,1) and c in R are constant parameters. The limit theory combines a functional law to a diffusion on D[0,infinity) and a central limit theorem. For c > 0, the limit theory of the first-order serial correlation coefficient is Cauchy and is invariant to both the distribution and the dependence structure of the innovations. To our knowledge, this is the first invariance principle of its kind for explosive processes. The rate of convergence is found to be nalpharhonn, which bridges asymptotic rate results for conventional local to unity cases (n) and explosive autoregressions ((1 + c)n). For c
Laser-induced short- and long-range orderings of Co nanoparticles on SiO2

Laser irradiation of ultrathin Co films leads to pattern formation by dewetting with short-range order (SRO) as well as long-range order (LRO). When a 1.5nm thick Co film is irradiated by a single laser beam, a monomodal size distribution of particles with average diameter of 31±10nm and nearest-neighbor spacing of 75nm is observed. Moreover, melting by two-beam interference irradiation produces LRO as well as SRO giving a quasi-two-dimensional arrangement of nanoparticles. The SRO is attributed to spinodal dewetting while the LRO is conjectured to be induced by in-plane interfacial tension gradients. Laser-induced dewetting of metals could be a simple technique to fabricate ordered metal nanoarrays.
An analogue of the shannon capacity of a graph

The Shannon capacity of a graph G is the value $\alpha _s ( G ) = \sup_n \sqrt[n]{\alpha ( G^n )}$, where $\alpha ( G^n )$ is the independence number of the strong product of n copies of G. We introduce an analogue of the Shannon capacity, namely $\kappa_s ( G ) = \inf_n \sqrt[n]{\kappa ( G^n )}$, where $\kappa ( G^n )$ is the independent domination number of the strong product of n copies of G. The Shannon capacity measures how rich a language can be, where the language is to be transmitted through a noisy channel. The parameter $\kappa _s $, on the other hand, measures how sparse such a language can be, if it is maximal with respect to inclusion.
A CSP and tabulation-based adaptive chemistry model

We demonstrate the feasibility of a new strategy for the construction of an adaptive chemistry model that is based on an explicit integrator stabilized by an approximation of the Computational Singular Perturbation (CSP)-slow-manifold projector. We examine the effectiveness and accuracy of this technique first using a model problem with variable stiffness. We assess the effect of using an approximation of the CSP-slow-manifold by either reusing the CSP vectors calculated in previous steps or from a pre-built tabulation. We find that while accuracy is preserved, the associated CPU cost was reduced substantially by this method. We used two ignition simulations – hydrogen–air and heptane–air mixtures – to demonstrate the feasibility of using the new method to handle realistic kinetic mechanisms. We test the effect of utilizing an approximation of the CSP-slow-manifold and find that its use preserves the order of the explicit integrator, produces no degradation in accuracy, and results in a scheme that is competitive with traditional implicit integration. Further analysis on the performance data demonstrates that the tabulation of the CSP-slow-manifold provides an increasing level of efficiency as the size of the mechanism increases. From the software engineering perspective, all the machinery developed is Common Component Architecture compliant, giving the software a distinct advantage in the ease of maintainability and flexibility in its utilization. Extension of this algorithm is underway to implement an automated tabulation of the CSP-slow-manifold for a detailed chemical kinetic system either off-line, or on-line with a reactive flow simulation code.
Thermoelastic Stress in the Semi-Infinite Solid

The solution of the elasticity equations for the center of dilatation in the semi‐infinite solid is introduced into Goodier's theory of thermoelastic stress. It is shown that the problem of potential to be solved is identical with that for the solid of indefinite extent. The results are applied to the case of an expanding (or contracting) spherical inclusion embedded in an elastic body near its surface.
Relaxed stability condition for T-S fuzzy discrete system

It is well known that the stability condition, based on Lyapunov stability criterion, for a T-S fuzzy discrete system is to find a common P to satisfy all Lyapunov's inequalities of rules of the system. If the number of rules r of a fuzzy system is large, the problem for finding the common P to satisfy r inequalities is not easy, even using linear matrix inequality (LMI). In practical, when inputs are singletons, the fuzzy system can be represented by a set of local state space models, and the number of fired rules in a local region is always less than (at most equal to) r. Thus, using only one fixed common matrix P for satisfying all rules is not necessary. However some boundary problem will exist between local stability and global stability. This paper tries to relax the stability condition for T-S fuzzy discrete system and to conquer the boundary problem also.
Pulse electrical discharges in water and their applications

Partial electrical discharges in a water solution as a function of conductivity have been studied experimentally. Using needle-plate electrodes it has been demonstrated that the discharge evolves in two phases. During the first streamer-like phase, the discharge propagated with a velocity of 106 cm/s, while during the second arc-like phase the length of the discharge remained almost constant although the current still increased. Higher solution conductivity resulted in the generation of shorter channels, in larger discharge current, and in a higher plasma electron density. Degradation of phenol by the discharge has also been demonstrated. A special metallic electrode covered by a thin layer of porous ceramic has been developed and used for generation of a multichannel discharge. At comparable solution conductivity the ceramic-coated electrode produced plasma with very similar parameters as the needle-plate electrode configuration. Generation of strong focused shock waves by the multichannel discharge in a.
:Blueprints for Reform: Science, Mathematics, and Technology Education

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Transient shear flow of nematic liquid crystals: Manifestations of director tumbling

Calculations of a variety of transient flow phenomena based on the Leslie–Ericksen model for nematic liquid crystals are presented. Emphasis is placed on the behavior of nematics subject to director tumbling. A wide range of complicated transient phenomena such as oscillatory responses are predicted when the Ericksen number is sufficiently high to cause significant rotation of the director at steady state. Particular attention is given to relaxation processes such as constrained elastic recoil and stress relaxation that arise from the interaction of the relaxing director profile with the viscous response of the nematic. These relaxation processes are dramatically different in tumbling and flow aligning systems, due to the saturation of the director profile at high Ericksen number for the flow aligning case. A qualitative physical model of a textured polymer liquid crystal is presented in which the dynamics on a local scale governed by the distance between defects are assumed to be similar to the macroscop.