Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scoring Antarctic surface mass balance in climate models to refine future projections

Abstract. An increase in Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) surface mass balance (SMB) has the potential to mitigate future sea level rise that is driven by enhanced solid ice discharge from the ice sheet. For climate models, AIS SMB provides a difficult challenge, as it is highly susceptible to spatial, seasonal, and interannual variability. Here we use a reconstructed data set of AIS snow accumulation as “true” observational data, to evaluate the ability of the CMIP5 and CMIP6 suites of models in capturing the mean, trends, temporal variability, and spatial variability in SMB over the historical period (1850–2000). This gives insight into which models are most reliable for predicting SMB into the future. We found that the best scoring models included the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) GISS model and the Max Planck Institute (MPI) for Meteorology's model for CMIP5, as well as one of the Community Earth System Model v2 (CESM2) models and one MPI model for CMIP6. Using a scoring system based on SMB mean value, trend, and temporal variability across the AIS, as well as spatial SMB variability, we selected a subset of the top 10th percentile of models to refine 21st century (2000–2100) AIS-integrated SMB projections to 2274 ± 282 Gt yr−1, 2358 ± 286 Gt yr−1, and 2495 ± 291 Gt yr−1 for Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5, respectively. We also reduced the spread in AIS-integrated mean SMB by 79 %, 79 %, and 74 % in RCPs 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5, respectively. Notably, we find that there is no improvement from CMIP5 to CMIP6 in overall score. In fact, CMIP6 performed slightly worse on average compared to CMIP5 at capturing the aforementioned SMB criteria. Our results also indicate that model performance scoring is affected by internal climate variability (particularly the spatial variability), which is illustrated by the fact that the range in overall score between ensemble members within the CESM1 Large Ensemble is comparable to the range in overall score between CESM1 model simulations within the CMIP5 model suite. We also find that a higher horizontal resolution does not yield to a conclusive improvement in score.
Developing instruments of teacher’s perception of critical thinking in elementary school

This study aims to develop the teacher's perceptions of critical thinking in science learning in elementary schools. The samples in this study were 50 elementary school teachers in Central Java. Selection of samples employed convenience sampling. The instruments in this study used a modified Likert Scale. The validity tests used in this research were content validity and construct validity. Content validity was measured using CVR (Content Validity Ratio) and construct validity was measured using EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis). By using SPSS, reliability estimation was obtained with the Cronbach Alpha formula 0.83 and it can be stated that the instruments for evaluating teacher perceptions of critical thinking in science learning are reliable.
Characterization of CHIME0s Complex Gain Using New Transits of CygA and CasA

This work aims to improve the calibration of the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME), a new radiotelescope built in Penticton (BC) and inaugurated in 2017. CHIME’s main goal is to observe baryon acoustic oscillations in order to probe the evolution of the universe at redshifts between 0.8 and 2.5, in the period where the standard model of cosmology predicts that dark energy started to dominate over matter and radiation. Accurate expansion measurements during this period would provide tighter constraints on the Hubble parameter and the dark energy equation of state. This would lead to invalidation or further verification of our current cosmological theories, therefore improving our understanding of the nature of dark energy. It has been observed that the the steel structures of the telescope, as well as the cables and antennae have temperature-dependent behaviour, which affects the quality of the data. Previous attempts of characterizing this dependency weren’t successful; therefore, this works aims to explore an innovative method based on new direct sky observations and allowing to determine the influence of external temperature on CHIME’s complex gain. Thermal susceptibilities are obtained from analyzing observations of bright radiosources, mainly CygA and CasA, and calculating linear fits of the gain fractional variation as a function of external temperature. A correction for the nonlinear behaviour of antennae, based on laboratory experiments, is included in later stages of the analysis, as well as a detailed investigation and treatment of outliers. This project is a step towards the making of a full thermal model that could be included in CHIME’s calibration algorithm in order to significantly improve the quality of cosmological data.
Susceptibility to Ankle Sprain Injury between Dominant and Non-Dominant Leg During Jump Landings

OF THESIS Susceptibility to Ankle Sprain Injury between Dominant and Non-Dominant Leg During Jump Landings Ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries within athletics in the United States with approximately one-million student athletes experiencing ankle sprains each year. Studies argue excessive or rapid ankle inversion occurring from jump landings may cause ankle sprains. Also, the effect of limb dominance on risk of ankle sprain is not well documented. The aim of this study was to determine if there is an affect of leg dominance on landing mechanism of the ankle joint that predisposes either ankle joint to greater risk of ankle sprain. Twelve recreationally active subjects were recruited and completed four maximal vertical jumps. Ground reaction force, marker position data and maximal vertical jump height were collected using two Bertec Force plates, a 10-camera motion capture system, and a Vertec Vertical Jump Trainer, respectively. Cortex and Visual3D software programs were used to process the motion capture data and to calculate peak vertical ground reaction forces(vGRF), loading rate, and ankle joint moments. There were no statistically significant differences in ankle joint moment or loading rate between limbs, but peak vGRF were significantly higher (p<.05) in the non-dominant ankle. The results suggest the nondominant ankle displays higher injury potential, as the non-dominant leg accumulates a larger peak landing force.
Is Honey, as Adjunctive Therapy, Effective in Alleviating Nasal Allergy Symptoms?

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether honey used as adjunctive therapy is effective in alleviating nasal allergy symptoms. STUDY DESIGN: This is a systematic review of three randomized controlled trials published between 2010-2013, all in the English language. DATA SOURCES: Three randomized controlled trials, which studied the effects of honey used as adjunctive therapy for the relief of nasal allergy symptoms, these were obtained using PubMed. OUTCOMES MEASURED: The outcome of each study was a patient reported decrease in the number of days and the severity of nasal allergy symptoms including: sneezing, itching, nasal blockage, and rhinorrhea. These outcomes were measured via daily diary entries, questionnaires regarding symptom severity and need for medication, Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) questionnaire, and a 7-point visual analog symptom severity scale. RESULTS: All three RCTs determined that nasal allergy symptoms were decreased a statistically significant amount, as defined by a p-value <0.05, with the addition of honey in subject’s daily medication regimen. This was compared to control, which consisted of patients taking only their normal daily medication and no honey products or a visually and taste matched placebo. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this systematic review have demonstrated that honey is effective in alleviating nasal allergy symptoms in numerous mediums including nasal spray as well as oral intake when produced in the geographic area in which the patient population resides. Whilst positive and promising results were obtained from these studies, additional research with larger patient populations, standardized honey product, and increased time frame of study is required to ascertain how beneficial honey truly is and if these benefits last.
Is corporate diversification a viable strategy in falling or rising economies? The case of Chinese and Russian firms

We analyze the effects of product diversification in emerging economies depending on the national economy dynamics. In contrast to prior research, we concentrate on the risk effect of diversification measuring performance by residual income spread. For a sample of 145 Chinese and Russian firms for the period of 2010-2014, we identify that the effect of corporate diversification on firm performance is the reverse of the dynamics of the institutional environment: if the national economy is falling product diversification creates value while the potential of diversification strategy is limited is the national economy is growing.
High-Fat Diet Aggravates the Intestinal Barrier Injury via TLR4-RIP3 Pathway in a Rat Model of Severe Acute Pancreatitis

Objective For patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), a high body mass index (BMI) increases the possibility of infection derived from the intestine. In this study, we evaluate whether TAK242 can alleviate severe acute pancreatitis-associated injury of intestinal barrier in high-fat diet-fed rats. Methods A SAP model was established by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the biliary-pancreatic duct. Thirty Sprague-Dawley (SD) adult rats were randomly divided into five groups: standard rat chow (SRC) normal (SN), SRC SAP (SAP), high-fat diet normal (HN), HFD SAP (HSAP), and TLR4 inhibitor pretreatment HFD SAP (HAPT) groups. Intraperitoneal injection of 3 mg/kg TAK242 was administered 30 minutes before SAP model establishment in the HAPT group. Rats were sacrificed 12 hours after SAP modeling, followed by blood and pancreatic and distal ileum tissue collection for further analyses. Changes in the pathology responses of the rats in each group were assessed. Result Analyses of serum amylase, lipase, cholesterol, triglyceride, IL-1β, IL-6, DAO, and serum endotoxin as well as tight junction protein expression including zonula occluden-1 and occludin indicated that high-fat diet aggravated SAP-induced intestinal barrier injury via increasing inflammatory response. In addition, the level of necroptosis was significantly higher in the SAP group compared with the SN group while the HSAP group exhibited more necroptosis compared with the SAP group, indicating the important role of necroptosis in pancreatitis-associated gut injury and illustrating that high-fat diet aggravated necroptosis of the ileum. Pretreatment with TLR4 inhibitor significantly alleviated inflammatory response and reduced necroptosis and level of oxidative stress while improving intestinal barrier function. Conclusion High-fat diet aggravated SAP-induced intestinal barrier injury via inflammatory reactions, necroptosis, and oxidative stress. Inhibition of TLR4 by TAK242 reduced inflammation, alleviated necroptosis, and lowered the level of oxidative stress and then protected the intestinal barrier dysfunction from SAP in high-fat diet-fed rats.
Invisible brokers: “citizen science” on Twitter

Who speaks for “citizen science” on Twitter? Which territory of citizen science have they made visible so far? This paper offers the first description of the community of users who dedicate their online social media identity to citizen science. It shows that Twitter users who identify with the term “citizen science” are mostly U.S. science professionals in environmental sciences, and rarely projects' participants. In contrast to the original concept of “citizen science”, defined as a direct relationship between scientists and lay participants, this paper makes visible a third category of individual actors, mostly women, who connect these lay participants and scientists: the “citizen science broker”.
Happy Living in Darkness! Indoor Lighting in Relation to Activities of Daily Living, Visual and General Health in 75-Year-Olds Living at Home

ABSTRACT Lighting has been identified as a significant environmental attribute for promoting vision and general health among older people, enabling successful aging at home, but it has received little attention in the literature. Indoor lighting levels, self-reported vision and general health, and activities of daily life were measured in 114 healthy 75-year-old Norwegians. Despite very low levels of indoor lighting, the subjects were happy and healthy. There is a large discrepancy between self-assessed health and recommended lighting levels, and low awareness of the effect of lighting on age-related vision loss or daily living in the future. Knowledge of how to utilize indoor lighting to ensure healthy and safe aging in the home is needed.
Evaluation of cardiovascular autonomic control in chronic pain patients using isometric handgrip and deep breath maneuvers

Background: Chronic pain of musculoskeletal origin can cause severe and prolonged pain which, in turn, can alter the autonomic outflow and thereby cardiovascular system. Various studies have been done on this issue but the same study has not been conducted yet in the population of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Aims and Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effects of chronic pain on cardiovascular autonomic control using isometric handgrip test (IHGT) and deep breath test (DBT). Materials and Methods: The patients (50 males of the mean age of 38 ± 2.2 years and 28 females of the mean age of 40.5 ± 2.0 years) having the pain of musculoskeletal origin with chronicity of >6 months duration and severity of >3 on visual analog scale were included in the study. The age-sex matched controls (58 males of the mean age of 35 ± 2.2 years and 28 females of the mean age of 39.6 ± 1.2 years) were also selected. The DBT and IHGT were performed, blood pressure (BP) and electrocardiography were recorded, and the heart rate (HR) was calculated. Results: During DBT, there is a significant difference in the HR changes in the male cases versus male controls (P < 0.05), but expiration: inspiration (E: I) ratio did not show any significant changes among various groups. In IHGT, BP changes in female cases versus female controls and male cases versus female cases were found significantly different (P < 0.05) and HR changes were also significantly different in all the three groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The results indicate the parasympatholytic responses in the male and female cases which are further supported by the HR changes in the IHGT. The BP responses indicate the normal sympathetic response in the female cases and subnormal response in the male cases.
An educator's guide to questionnaire development

Sound education policy and practice may require decisions based on new information collected on attitudes, perceptions, or facts in a school or community. This guide offers a five-step process to design effective questionnaires that follow researchbased guidelines and can be used to survey students, teachers, or parents. It also lists resources on sample selection, questionnaire administration, and data collection, analysis, and presentation.
PerDomain adaptation via subspace learning and kernel methods / Luis

Domain shift is a phenomenon observed when two related domains – a source (training set) and a target domain (test set) – have a mismatch between their marginal probability distributions. This phenomenon is prevalent in machine learning, particularly in real-world applications. In computer vision, for instance, domain shift occurs essentially because visual data are often captured by different devices and under varied imaging conditions, such as scene, pose, and illumination. Under domain shift, however, conventional classifiers often fail to achieve desirable performances at test time. This is because they assume a stationary environment, that is, source and target domain are supposedly drawn from the same probability distribution. How to overcome the limitation imposed by this assumption is the question that guides this study. Here, I present algorithmic mechanisms to approach the domain-shift problem, thereby leading to an improvement on classification performances. The algorithms were proposed under the domain adaptation semi-supervised paradigm, in which a fully labeled source data and a partially labeled target data are available to guide the domain adaptation. The domain-shift problem is addressed by these algorithms in two different fashion: i) by learning a new invariant feature representation across domains; and ii) by combining a new feature representation with a based-domain-adaptation model. In this context, I found that semi-supervised subspace feature learning constrained by semantic links across domains – namely inter-domain pairwise constraints – is an effective mechanism to reduce the domain shift. Additionally, I found that combining the learning of invariant features in a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space with a max-margin domain-adaptation model yields a semi-supervised method that reduces the domain shift more than these solutions separately.
Jukuri, open repository of the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)

Reindeer herding is of great importance for the indigenous people of the Fennoscandia peninsula and northern Russia. There are also free-ranging feral populations of reindeer in Finland, Iceland, Norway and Russian Federation. The genus Pestivirus contains several viral species that infect ungulates and often show capacity to transmit between different host species. Sera from 520 Eurasian tundra reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) from Finland, Sweden, Norway, Iceland and Russian Federation were analysed and the prevalence of pestivirus-specific antibodies was determined. Seropositivity proportion was 48.5% for Sweden and 41.2% for Norway, but only 1.6% for Iceland and 2.5% for Finland. All Russian reindeer investigated were seronegative. Pan-pestivirus RT-PCR of seronegative animals (n = 156) from seropositive herds confirmed their negative status. These results indicate unexpectedly non-uniform circulation of an as yet uncharacterised pestivirus in Eurasian reindeer populations. The high seroprevalence in some regions warrants further studies of pestivirus infection dynamics, effects on reindeer health and population dynamics. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 22 May 2019 Accepted 9 September 2019
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING WITH DIFFUSE WEIGHTED IMAGING AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY WITH INTRAVENOUS CONTRAST IN STAGING OF DISSEMINATED OVARIAN, STOMACH, COLORECTAL CANCER

The aim of the research. Development and implementation of new methods for pre-operative staging of advanced ovarian, gastric and colorectal cancer to improve patient selection for cytoreductive surgery and increase its radicality. Materials and methods. Data from 120 patients with advanced ovarian cancer, 28 with advanced gastric cancer and 119 with advanced colorectal cancer were analyzed. Preoperative detection of the incidence of peritoneal carcinoma and the possibility of surgery in radical or cytoreductive volume performed by CT with intravenous contrast (72 patients with ovarian cancer, 17 patients with gastric cancer, and 69 patients with colorectal cancer), and MR T1 and T2, contrast-enhanced T1, and diffuse-weighted sequences (48 patients with ovarian cancer, 11 patients with gastric cancer, and 50 patients with colorectal cancer). Subsequently, preoperative and intraoperative assessment of the prevalence of the tumour process with peritoneal carcinoma index (PCI) by Sugarbaker was performed. Results. A statistically significant increase in the informativeness of the preoperative assessment of the incidence of tumour process in peritoneum and the presence of distant metastases using DWI / MRI compared with CT with intravenous contrast was determined. Patients from all groups were categorized according to the completeness index of cytoreduction achieved by preoperative staging and patient selection using DWI / MRI and CT. The use of DWI / MRI allowed to significantly reduce the number of suboptimal and non-optimal cytoreductive interventions. Conclusions. DWI / MRI has made it possible to significantly improve the preoperative incidence of advanced ovarian, gastric, and colorectal cancer compared to CT, predict the radicality of future surgery, and detect inoperable cases.
Comparative assessment of Eli-Twist and Siro yarn made from polyester and its blend with cotton

An attempt has been made to compare the properties of Eli-Twist yarn with Siro yarn. Three yarns with three selectivecompositions using cotton and polyester are produced on both Eli-Twist and Siro spinning systems. Yarns of three counts(39.4, 29.5 and 23.6 tex) from each composition have been produced maintaining 4.2 TM for all. Unevenness, hairiness, tensilestrength, breaking extension, diameter, abrasion resistance and coefficient of friction of yarns are measured and then compared.Eli-Twist yarns are found more uniform with less protruding fibres on the surface. It also produces stronger and more extensibleyarn. Higher abrasion resistance and low coefficient of friction may widen the application field of Eli-Twist yarn.
Answer to review for MS acp-2018-1091

Sulfates present in urban aerosols collected worldwide usually exhibit significant non-zero ΔS signatures (from 0.6 to 0.5‰) whose origin still remains unclear. To better address this issue, we recorded the seasonal variations of the multiple sulfur isotope compositions of PM10 aerosols collected over the year 2013 at five stations within the Montreal Island (Canada), each characterized by distinct types and levels of pollution. The δS-values (n=155) vary from 2.0 to 11.3‰ (± 0.2‰, 2σ), the ΔS-values from -0.080 to 0.341‰ (± 0.01‰, 2σ) and the ΔS-values from -1.082 to 1.751‰ (± 0.2‰, 2σ). Our study 15 evidences a seasonality for both the δS and ΔS, which can be observed either when considering all monitoring stations or, to a lesser degree, when considering them individually. Among them, the monitoring station located at the most western end of the island, upstream of local emissions, yields the lowest mean δS coupled to the highest mean ΔS-values. The ΔSvalues are higher during both summer and winter, and are < 0.1‰ during both spring and autumn. As these higher ΔS-values are measured in “upstream” aerosols, we conclude that the mechanism responsible for these highly positive S-MIF also occurs 20 outside and not within the city, at odds with common assumptions. While the origin of such variability in the ΔS-values of urban aerosols (i.e. -0.6 to 0.5‰) is still subject to debate, we suggest that oxidation by Criegee radicals and/or photoooxidation of atmospheric SO2 in presence of mineral dust may play a role in generating such large ranges of S-MIF.
Credit Cards, Credit Utilization, and Consumptin

Credit bureau data show remarkably stable consumer utilization of unsecured debt over the business cycle, life cycle, and individually quarter-to-quarter, despite massive variation in available credit. To explain these new findings, we propose a life-cycle consumption model with heterogeneous preferences, endogenous payment choice, and the option to revolve debt for consumption smoothing. Using diary data to identify payment use, the estimated model matches consumption and credit use at every frequency and suggests that around half the population has an endogenously high marginal propensity to consume. The results suggest understanding credit availability and heterogeneous use may lead to richer counter-cyclical policies.