Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cenozoic drainage history of southern British Columbia

Anomalous geomorphology, valley-fill geology and cross-cutting relationships throughout the southern lnterior Plateau of British Columbia indicate the area retains relict or exhumed landforms of Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic age. Preglacial valleys and other landforms are identified on high-resolution shaded relief maps, and their ages are bracketed by geological and structural relationships. Drainage anomalies, such as valley-floor divides, underfit streams and graded valley segments, indicate former base levels in the landscape. Reconstructions of past landscapes and waterways are presented for six time intervals spanning the last 100 million years. Regional base level was relatively stable at 1000-1300 m elevation during the Mesozoic. From Late Cretaceous to the middle Eocene, base level fell 500-700 m, resulting in incision of valleys. Some valleys filled with sediments to an elevation of about 900 m from middle Eocene to Miocene time. Following the Miocene, base level dropped significantly, eroding canyons and exhuming older, partially buried valleys. Changes in base level over the last 100 Ma are greatest in the southern Interior Plateau and are least in the Quesnel-Horsefly area. Regional drainage was broadly northward throughout the Cenozoic. An anabranching river system flowed northwestward across Cariboo Plateau to Fraser River valley from Quesnel and Shuswap Highlands during Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic time. Other valleys dating back to middle Eocene time and possibly earlier are those of North Thompson River south of Clearwater, Thompson River from Kamloops to Spences Bridge, Nicola Lake, Hat Creek, Bridge River, Seton River, and Okanagan Valley north of Penticton. Miocene rivers in the Coast Mountains flowed northeastward across Thompson Plateau and northward along Clearwater and Quesnel river valleys. Modern southward drainage along Okanagan, Kettle, Thompson and Fraser rivers was established after Miocene time.
Mindfulness and mystical experiences in Sufis and non-Sufis

ABSTRACT The aim of the current study was to explore mindfulness and mystical experiences in Sufis and non-Sufis. Purposive sampling was used to collect the sample of 30 Sufis and 30 non-Sufis from members of Muslim Institute Lahore and two government universities of Lahore, respectively. The instruments used were a mystical orientation scale and a Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. The results revealed that Sufis have higher mystical/ spiritual experiences than non-Sufis. Sufis also scored high on observing, describing and non-reactivity facets of mindfulness compared to non-Sufi while non-Sufi scored greater on acting with awareness and non-judging facets compared to Sufis. Overall mindfulness was greater in men than women. A significant moderating role of gender in the non-react facet of mindfulness and mystical experiences was also found. The study finds its implication in cultivating mindfulness among non-Sufis, so that through mystical experiences their faith could be strengthened and their well-being could be improved.
To explore the relationship between online social capital and future expectation among university students in Hong Kong

ABSTRACT This study investigates the relationship between online social capital and future expectations among university students. A total of 293 participants were involved in this cross-sectional research. The Future Expectation Scale for Adolescents (FESA) was employed to assess students’ future expectations, while the Internet Social Capital Scale (ISCS) was utilized to examine their online social capital. The results reveal a significant positive association between online social capital and future expectations (p < .001). Specifically, online bonding was found to predict all aspects of future expectations, whereas online bridging predicted most aspects, with the exception of church and community perspectives. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of online social capital in fostering young adults’ future expectations, which, in turn, the exchange of online social capital is further facilitated, benefiting university students in terms of career opportunities, global collaboration, knowledge acquisition, cultural understanding, and personal growth.
Simulating decadal variability in the North Atlantic Ocean

Observations and climate models suggest significant decadal variability within the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (NA SPG), though observations are sparse and models disagree on the details of this variability. Therefore, it is important to understand 1) the mechanisms of simulated decadal variability, 2) which parts of simulated variability are more faithful representations of reality, and 3) the implications for climate predictions. Here, we investigate the decadal variability in the NA SPG in the state-of-the-art, high resolution (0.25◦ ocean resolution), climate model ‘HadGEM3’. We find a decadal mode with a period of 17 years that explains 30% of the annual variance in related indices. The mode arises due to the advection of heat content anomalies, and shows asymmetries in the timescale of phase reversal between positive and negative phases. A negative feedback from temperature-driven density anomalies in the Labrador Sea (LS) allows for the phase reversal. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), which exhibits the same periodicity, amplifies the mode. The atmosphere-ocean coupling is stronger during positive rather than negative NAO states, explaining the asymmetry. Within the NA SPG, there is potential predictability arising partly from this mode for up to 5 years. There are important similarities between observed and simulated variability, such as the apparent role for the propagation of heat content anomalies. However, observations suggest interannual LS density anomalies are salinity-driven. Salinity control of density would change the temperature feedback to the south, possibly limiting real-world predictive skill in the southern NA SPG with this model. Finally, to understand the diversity of behaviours, we analyse 42 present-generation climate models. Temperature and salinity biases are found to systematically influence the driver of density variability in the LS. Resolution is a good predictor of the biases. The dependence of variability on the background state has important implications for decadal predictions.
Use of terrestrial photogrammetry based on structure‐from‐motion for mass balance estimation of a small glacier in the Italian alps

Different high‐resolution techniques can be employed to obtain information about the three‐dimensional (3D) surface of glaciers. This is typically carried out using efficient, but also expensive and logistically demanding, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technologies, such as airborne scanners and terrestrial laser scanners. Recent technological improvements in the field of image analysis and computer vision have prompted the development of a low‐cost photogrammetric approach, which is referred to as ‘structure‐from‐motion’ (SfM). Combined with dense image‐matching algorithms, this method has become competitive for the production of high‐quality 3D models. However, several issues typical of this approach should be considered for application in glacial environments. In particular, the surface morphology, the different substrata, the occurrence of sharp contrast from solar shadows and the variable distance from the camera positions can negatively affect the image texture, and reduce the possibility of obtaining a reliable point cloud from the images. The objective of this study is to test the structure‐from‐motion multi view stereo (SfM‐MVS) approach in a small debris‐covered glacier located in the eastern Italian Alps, using a consumer‐grade reflex camera and the computer vision‐based software PhotoScan. The quality of the 3D models produced by the SfM‐MVS process was assessed via the comparison with digital terrain models obtained from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) surveys that were performed at the same epochs. The effect of different terrain gradients and different substrata (debris, snow and firn) was also evaluated in terms of the accuracy of the reconstruction by SfM‐MVS versus TLS. Our results show that the quality of this new photogrammetric approach is similar to the quality of TLS and that point cloud densities are comparable or even higher compared with TLS. However, special care should be taken while planning the SfM survey geometry, to optimize the 3D model quality and spatial coverage. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chapter 2 Classification of basins, with special reference to Proterozoic examples

Abstract Basin classification rests on a plate tectonic foundation, highlighting lithospheric substrate, proximity to plate margin and relative motion of the nearest plate boundary. Major mechanisms for regional subsidence and uplift are subdivided into isostatic, flexural and dynamic groups. Basin-forming mechanisms and basin types do not exhibit simple cause-and-effect relationships, but rather reflect a matrix-type relationship. Different basin types have different spans of existence, with generally shorter life spans related to more tectonically active settings. Many ‘polyhistory’ basins, composed of two or more megasequences, reflect a long evolution dominated by different basin-forming and basin-modifying mechanisms. The supercontinent cycle is marked by distinct sets of basin types, developed during successive phases of the cycle. Major classification schemes are reviewed briefly, before surveying the range of basin types represented in the Proterozoic of several key cratonic areas. Basins examined encompass almost the entire Neoarchaean–Neoproterozoic period. All of these basins have a relatively long history of preservation, which can be tied to the essentially continental character of their basement rocks and concomitant enhanced ‘survivability’. Their preservation thus underlines the longevity and inherent stability of the continental lithosphere. The distinction between basin occurrence over geological time and preferential preservation is important when viewing the geological record.
On the Cross Section of Lower Limb Long Bones in Minatogawa Man from Okinawa

The geometric properties of the mid-length cross section of the lower limb bones in Minatogawa man were measured by means of the X-ray non-destructive method to determine their mechanical robustness. The Minatogawa bones were not significantly different from those of recent Japanese, but were not as robust as those of Jomon man of the Middle to Latest period nor as of many fossil man. In Minatogawa man, the No.III female bones had relatively large amount of bone substance and in their shape distance by Penrose were rather similar to some ancient bones.
Geology of the Thingvallavatn area

Thingvallavatn occupies a NE-SW elongated graben within the western branch of the axial rift zone in SW-Iceland. The topography of the graben floor slopes off from the Langjokull ice cap and Skjaldbreidur lava shnumield of over 1000 m altitude in the NE to below sea level in the southwestern part of the lake. The bedrock of the catchment consists of 1) Postglacial lavas that are most extensive in the central part of the graben. 2) Upper Pleistocene pillow lava and hyaloclastite of subglacial origin and subaerial inter- or supraglacial lava
Edinburgh Research Explorer Inflammatory bowel disease associates with proinflammatory potential of the immunoglobulin g glycome

Background: Glycobiology is an underexplored research area in in ﬂ ammatory bowel disease (IBD), and glycans are relevant to many etiological mechanisms described in IBD. Alterations in N -glycans attached to the immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc fragment can affect molecular structure and immunological function. Recent genome-wide association studies reveal pleiotropy between IBD and IgG glycosylation. This study aims to explore IgG glycan changes in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn ’ s disease (CD). Methods: IgG glycome composition in patients with UC (n ¼ 507), CD (n ¼ 287), and controls (n ¼ 320) was analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography. Results: Statistically signi ﬁ cant differences in IgG glycome composition between patients with UC or CD, compared with controls, were observed. Both UC and CD were associated with signi ﬁ cantly decreased IgG galactosylation (digalactosylation, UC: odds ratio [OR] ¼ 0.71; 95% con ﬁ dence interval [CI], 0.5 – 0.9; P ¼ 0.01; CD: OR ¼ 0.41; CI, 0.3 – 0.6; P ¼ 1.4 · 10 2 9 ) and signi ﬁ cant decrease in the proportion of sialylated structures in CD (OR ¼ 0.46, CI, 0.3 – 0.6, P ¼ 8.4 · 10 2 8 ). Logistic regression models incorporating measured IgG glycan traits were able to distinguish UC and CD from controls (UC: P ¼ 2.13 · 10 2 6 and CD: P ¼ 2.20 · 10 2 16 ), with receiver – operator characteristic curves demonstrating better performance of the CD model (area under curve [AUC] ¼ 0.77) over the UC model (AUC ¼ 0.72) ( P ¼ 0.026). The ratio of the presence to absence of bisecting GlcNAc in monogalactosylated structures was increased in patients with UC undergoing colectomy compared with no colectomy (FDR-adjusted, P ¼ 0.05). Conclusions: The observed differences indicate signi ﬁ cantly increased in ﬂ ammatory potential of IgG in IBD. Changes in IgG glycosylation may contribute to IBD pathogenesis and could alter monoclonal antibody therapeutic ef ﬁ cacy. IgG glycan pro ﬁ les have translational potential as IBD biomarkers. ﬂ amm Dis 2015;21:1237 10 mi-nutes, 2 hours incubation 65 a volume of 75 m L) were to 80% ACN (vol/vol) by adding 300 m L of ACN T. NJ). and HILIC-SPE. of 200 m L of 0.1 g/mL of microcrystal-line cellulose (Merck) in lter
Chemokines, molecular drivers of thromboinflammation and immunothrombosis

Blood clotting is a finely regulated process that is essential for hemostasis. However, when dysregulated or spontaneous, it promotes thrombotic disorders. The fact that these are triggered, accompanied and amplified by inflammation is reflected in the term thromboinflammation that includes chemokines. The role of chemokines in thrombosis is therefore illuminated from a cellular perspective, where endothelial cells, platelets, red blood cells, and leukocytes may be both the source and target of chemokines. Chemokine-dependent prothrombotic processes may thereby occur independently of chemokine receptors or be mediated by chemokine receptors, although the binding and activation of classical G protein-coupled receptors and their signaling pathways differ from those of atypical chemokine receptors, which do not function via cell activation and recruitment. Regardless of binding to their receptors, chemokines can induce thrombosis by forming platelet-activating immune complexes with heparin or other polyanions that are pathognomonic for HIT and VITT. In addition, chemokines can bind to NETs and alter their structure. They also change the electrical charge of the cell surface of platelets and interact with coagulation factors, thereby modulating the balance of fibrinolysis and coagulation. Moreover, CXCL12 activates CXCR4 on platelets independently of classical migratory chemokine activity and causes aggregation and thrombosis via the PI3Kβ and Btk signaling pathways. In contrast, typical chemokine-chemokine receptor interactions are involved in the processes that contribute to the adhesiveness of the endothelium in the initial phase of venous thrombosis, where neutrophils and monocytes subsequently accumulate in massive numbers. Later, the reorganization and resolution of a thrombus require coordinated cell migration and invasion of the thrombus, and, as such, indeed, chemokines recruit leukocytes to existing thrombi. Therefore, chemokines contribute in many independent ways to thrombosis.
Growth and development of heads and flowering stalk extension in field-grown Chinese cabbage in the UK

SummaryExperiments over four years measured the extension of the growing point and head growth of the Chinese cabbage cvs Jade Pagoda and Kasumi. In the first three years, three transplantings of plants raised at different temperatures provided data from weekly crop samples to develop simple models of increased growing point height and head weight. Effects on the former established during raising were largely maintained after transplanting. It is suggested that head development and growing point extension differ in their dependency on meteorological variables. Increased field temperature achieves a marketable head weight before the growing point becomes unacceptably high, but this is less likely with increased solar radiation. The models effectively describe independent data from the fourth year.
A baseline assessment of developmental delays among children under 5 years in a high-HIV- prevalence setting in the Cape Metropole

Background. More than 200 million children globally are at risk of not achieving the full developmental potential owing to multiple factors. HIV exposure is of particular concern as evidence suggests that children born to mothers who are HIV-positive are likely to experience developmental delays. Furthermore, the psychosocial and economic impacts of HIV, such as parental illness, poor mental health, poverty and malnutrition, also affect children’s development. Objective. To assess and address the developmental challenges faced by children aged 2 - 5 years living in high-HIV prevalence settings through a toy-based rehabilitation intervention and to analyse the prevalence and nature of developmental delays observed in these children using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ-3). Methods. In response, the Bright Start programme was developed and implemented to target children living in high HIV-prevalence settings. In 2019, a pilot project was implemented with 90 caregiver-child dyads in Cape Town, South Africa. A baseline survey was conducted to assess developmental progression for all the children (N=141) in the care of the 90 caregivers using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ-3) for children aged 24, 36, 48 and 60 months. Results. Findings showed that 64% of children had delays in at least one domain and 37% had multiple delays. More than half of the children had developmental delays in fine motor skills (51%), while gross-motor and problem-solving delays were reported for 30% and 26% of children, respectively. Communication and personal-social domain delays were observed in 17% and 14% of children, respectively. Conclusion. The prevalence of developmental delays among children in the programme was alarmingly high. These findings indicate that developmental delay is a serious concern for children living in high-HIV-prevalence settings. Early identification and timeous referrals of children with developmental delays are critical and may enable children to reach their full developmental potential.
PRECIPITATION EFFECTS ON SOIL CARBON CYCLING IN THE SONORAN DESERT

Biological activity in desert soils is driven by water availability. The nature of individual precipitation events is critical to understanding soil moisture availability. Rain falls as discrete events (pulses) that vary in size and sequencing, resulting in soil “wet-dry cycles”. Soil organisms are responsive to wet-dry cycles with rapid changes in activity. How soil activity is driven by changes in water content associated with individual pulses is poorly understood. The effects of precipitation on soil processes likely depend on ecosystem structure, which influences the soil environment. The goal of this dissertation was to determine how soil carbon cycling responds to precipitation in the context of ecosystem structure (plant composition, geomorphology) and climate. I used differences in stable carbon isotopic composition of soil organisms and plants to understand how positioning in the soil profile influences biological responses to different sized pulses. I evaluated how soil texture and grass species composition affect soil process response to rainfall in different seasons. I manipulated rainfall sequence to understand the interaction between closely spaced rainfall events of different sizes on soil processes. I evaluated the role of plant functional types in influencing soil microclimate and litter deposition and the response of soil processes to seasonal rainfall. Chamber measurements of soil and plant CO2 flux were used to understand their response to rainfall. I found that surface organisms are more responsive to small rainfall events due to the relationship between pulse size and infiltration. While soil texture and season of rainfall are important, the best predictor of the response of soil respiration to rainfall was initial activity levels. Grass species was not important. Grass roots and soil
Imaging of the hand and wrist in RA

Interrelationships and comparisons of imaging with clinical disease activity In the past decade, elucidation of pathophysiological pathways relevant in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has continued, leading to continuing advances in drug treatment. At the same time, several clinical trials have shown the efficacy of early and aggressive treatment of patients with active disease. Early intervention strategies may reduce functional deterioration and improve long term outcome. Therefore, treatment strategies need to be determined before irreversible damage and functional deterioration occur. Imaging techniques are useful not only for studying the natural history of the disease but also for assessing the response to disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, and—potentially—for selecting those patients who will benefit most from early aggressive treatment. Conventional or digitised radiography of the hand and wrist is the traditional method used to diagnose, determine the stage, and monitor patients with RA, and to assess treatment efficacy in individual patients. Radiography, using several scoring systems, is also pivotal for the evaluation of disease progression and treatment efficacy in RA clinical trials,1–3 with excellent intra- and interobserver agreement.1,4 However, radiography is insensitive in detecting early erosions, and above all, in assessing synovitis. Recently, more powerful and complex imaging modalities have emerged as alternatives or additions to radiography. These include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)5–11 and ultrasound (US). 5,12–18 Several studies have shown the relative usefulness of MRI over radiography in evaluating early RA of the hand …
The coenzyme A precursor pantethine restrains sarcoma growth through promotion of type 1 immunity

The tumor microenvironment is a dynamic network of stromal, cancer and immune cells that interact and compete for resources. Mitochondria play an essential role in the control of metabolic plasticity and contribute to tumor progression and immune cell functionality. We previously identi�ed the Vanin1 pathway as a tumor suppressor of sarcoma development via vitamin B5 and coenzyme A regeneration. Using an aggressive sarcoma cell line that lacks Vnn1 expression, we showed that administration of pantethine, a vitamin B5 precursor, impairs tumor growth in immunocompetent mice. Pantethine boosts anti-tumor type 1 immunity including polarization of myeloid and dendritic cells towards enhanced IFN γ - driven antigen presentation pathways and improved development of hypermetabolic effector CD8 + T cells endowed with potential anti-tumor activity. At later stages of treatment, the effect of pantethine is limited by the development of immune cell exhaustion. Nevertheless, its activity is comparable to that of anti-PD1 treatment in sensitive tumors. In humans, VNN1 expression correlates with improved survival and immune cell in�ltration in soft tissue sarcomas but not osteosarcomas. Pantethine could be a potential therapeutic immunoadjuvant for the development of anti-tumor immunity.