Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Some properties of the main protein of honeybee (Apis mellifera) royal jelly

Royal jelly (RJ) was separated by ultracentrifugation (245000 〈 g for 5 h at 6 °C) into three physically distinct fractions with different distribution of its components (proteins, sugars and fatty acids): yellowish fluid supernatant (61% w/w of RJ), yellowish-brown gelatinous sediment (32% w/w) and white nearly solid sediment (7%, w/w). Ultracentrifugation of the solvated gelatinous fraction was a suitable method for preparation of MRJP1, the most abundant protein of RJ in the form of gel. MRJP1 was present in RJ in different forms: a monomer (55 kDa), oligomeric subunit (ca. 420 kDa), and water-insoluble aggregates in sediment after its interaction with fatty acids. The oligomeric MRJP1 was well soluble in water and at concentrations of 30 to 50% (w/w) formed a stiff gel. It is suggested that MRJP1 is albumin-like protein. An interesting feature of the oligomeric form of MRJP1 is its ability for self-assembly in water solutions.
Evaluation of commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculants

Faye, A. , Dalpé, Y. , Ndung'u-Magiroi, K. , Jefwa, J., Ndoye, I. , Diouf, M. and Lesueur, D. 2013. Evaluation of commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculants. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1201-1208. In order to improve the use of commercial inoculants, 12 arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculants were evaluated in a two-step experiment under greenhouse conditions using maize. First, commercial mycorrhizal inoculants were propagated in a trap pot culture experiment under sterilized sand to evaluate their potential for maize (Zea may L.) root colonization as compared with an indigenous soil inoculum and to survey the AMF species present in the products. Three inoculants significantly increased root colonization levels compared with a soil inoculum. Instead of 12 declared AMF species, 13 fungal strains were extracted from the pot culture survey, including five undeclared species, while four declared species did not produce spores. In a second experiment, commercial products were inoculated into soil to assess their impact on maize growth and yield. Six weeks after planting, seven inoculants increased root colonization levels compared with control soil, while only three inoculants increased slightly the shoot biomass of maize plants. These experiments highlight the need to pre-evaluate commercial mycorrhizal inoculants on a selected crop and regional soil before launching large-scale field use.
EFEITO DA CONCENTRAÇÃO DE GORDURA NAS PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS, QUÍMICAS E SENSORIAIS DO QUEIJO PETIT SUISSE ELABORADO COM RETENÇÃO DE SORO

Faced with the need to increase the yield of the petit suisse and the need to reduce the fat content of the product, the objective was to evaluate the effect of the concentration of fat in the physical, chemical and sensory characteristics in petit suisse strawberry-flavored cheese prepared with retention of whey. Five formulations were prepared petit suisse cheese with different concentrations of fat. The data analyzed were: composition, texture characteristics, viscosity, water activity and sensory attributes in relation to appearance, taste, texture and overall impression The fat concentration was directly related to the decrease of water activity and increased caloric value of elasticity, chewiness, gumminess, hardness and viscosity. Evaluating the acceptance based on attributes of appearance, taste, texture and overall impression, the ideal fat content of Petit suisse cheese was 4.73%, at that percentage, the level of calories was 166 kcal/100g. Comparing with different brands is possible to reduce fat petit suisse cheese prepared with retention of whey (100% yield).
Bioeconomic performance of young bulls fed levels of concentrate and babassu mesocarp bran

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho bioeconomico de tourinhos alimentados com niveis de concentrado e farelo do mesocarpo de babacu (FMB). Foram utilizados 28 tourinhos Nelore com 21 meses de idade e 356,7 ± 19,2 kg de peso corporal inicial, distribuidos ao acaso em dietas que associaram dois niveis de concentrado (65 e 71%) e dois niveis de FMB no concentrado (zero e 35%). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com os tratamentos em arranjo fatorial 2x2, utilizando-se sete repeticoes. A digestibilidade aparente da materia seca decresceu 15,8% pela inclusao do FMB e 4,6% pelo aumento do nivel de concentrado da dieta. O consumo de materia seca (CMS, kg/dia) e fibra em detergente neutro (CFDN, kg/dia) aumentaram, respectivamente, 8,7 e 24,8% pela inclusao do FMB. O aumento do nivel de concentrado nao alterou o CMS, mas determinou reducao do CFDN em 4,5%. A inclusao de 35% de FMB no concentrado determinou reducao do custo com alimentacao e custo total, entretanto nao alterou a margem de lucro. A elevacao do nivel de concentrado da dieta determinou elevacao do custo com alimentacao e do custo total, mas nao alterou a margem de lucro. Pela analise de sensibilidade verificou-se que quando a relacao de troca entre o preco do grao de milho e do FMB e baixa (1,3:1 e 1,7:1) e, consequentemente, o preco do milho e baixo, a inclusao de 35% de FMB no concentrado nao altera o custo total, independente do nivel de concentrado. A inclusao de 35% de FMB na fracao concentrada da dieta e alternativa alimentar viavel, pois nao altera o desempenho de tourinhos confinados. Entretanto, sua utilizacao e mais impactante economicamente quando se utilizam dietas com elevada proporcao de concentrado e a relacao de troca entre o preco desse subproduto e o grao de milho e alta.
AMPELISCA AMPHIPOD TUBE MATS MAY ENHANCE ABUNDANCE OF NORTHERN QUAHOGS MERCENARIA MERCENARIA IN MUDDY SEDIMENTS

Abstract Field surveys in southeastern Raritan Bay and laboratory studies from 1999 to 2005 were conducted to compare the characteristics of mud and sand habitats in relation to the abundance of the northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria). In 2000, the population density of quahogs was about 15 times higher in the mud habitat than in the sand habitat. In addition, the mud habitat also had a dense population of the amphipod Ampelisca abdita (about 24,000 m−2) associated with it. This species produces mats of tubes over the bottom. The sediment surface of the mud was comprised mostly of fecal pellets, the majority of which was produced by A. abdita. In contrast, the sand habitat did not have A. abdita tubes or much erect surface structure; its sediments were comprised of medium grain sand (φ = 1.17–1.4). In southeastern Raritan Bay, the principal quahog predators are the longwrist hermit crab (Pagurus longicarpus), Atlantic oyster drill (Urosalpinx cinerea), and xanthid mud crabs. Collectively, they were >7 times more abundant in the sand habitat than in the mud habitat. We suggest that quahogs are abundant in the mud habitat because the presence of the tube mats probably reduces water siltation, encourages settlement of larval quahogs and deters predation on the quahogs.
An Introduction to Plant Structure and Development: Plant Anatomy for the Twenty-First Century

We present guide qualified An Introduction To Plant Structure And Development Plant Anatomy For The Twenty First Century developed by mushidesign.com Study with complimentary reading online or free downloading. You are readily available for free downloading and also cost-free reading of An Introduction To Plant Structure And Development Plant Anatomy For The Twenty First Century developed by mushidesign.com Study right here. It is provided with numerous downloading and install media as a kindle, pdf, zip, ppt, rar, word, and also txt.
Poultry production in hot climates.

Present status and future of the poultry industry in hot regions, N.J. Daghir breeding for disease resistance to heat stress, R.S. Gowe and R.W. Fairfull behavioural, physiological, neuroendocrine and molecular responses to heat stress, R.J. Etches et al housing for improved performance in hot climates, R.A. Ernst nutrient requirements of poultry at high temperatures, N.J. Daghir feedstuffs used in hot regions, N.J. Daghir mycotoxins in poultry feeds, N.J. Daghir broiler feeding and management in hot climates, N.J. Daghir replacement pullet and layer feeding and management in hot climates, N.J. Daghir breeder and hatchery management in hot climates, N.J. Daghir and R. Jones.
Drought-driven lake level decline: effects on coarse woody habitat and fishes

Research testing for the effects of climate change on lentic fishes has focused on changing thermal and dissolved oxygen regimes, but has often overlooked potential influences of altered lake levels on littoral habitat availability and species interactions. Natural littoral structures such as coarse woody habitat (CWH) can be critical to fishes for prey production, refuge, and spawning. Drought-driven lake level declines may strand these structures above the waterline and thereby remove them from littoral zones. A prolonged drought in northern Wisconsin, USA, allowed us to test for effects of lake level decline on CWH and the response of a fish community. During our study (2001-2009), the lake level of Little Rock Lake South declined over 1.1 m and >75% of the previously submerged CWH was lost from the littoral zone. The loss of CWH coincided with the forage fish species (yellow perch, Perca flavescens) falling below detection and reduced growth of the top piscivore (largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides). Our study highlights the importance of lake level fluctuations as a mechanism by which climate change may affect aquatic ecosystems and species interactions.
Coeficiente de repetibilidade da produção de frutos do coqueiro comum

The coefficient of repeatability of coconut palm production was estimated in a population of 148 coconut plants in Sergipe State. The computed value for the coefficient of repeatability was r = 0.4545. This low value shows that a more rigorous method of selection must be adopted to improve the character of nut production. It also represented the maximum heritability value to that character, under the field conditions.
Phylogeography of an alpine aquatic herb Ranunculus bungei (Ranunculaceae) on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Many phylogeographic studies of terrestrial plant species on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) have been carried out to elucidate the range shifts in response to climatic oscillations in the Quaternary. However, patterns of range shifts for aquatic plants following the climate change on the QTP are poorly understood. Here, we studied the historical range shifts of the aquatic herb Ranunculus bungei Steud. on the QTP using four chloroplast (cpDNA) non‐coding spacers. We revealed low within‐population genetic diversity (HS = 0.052) and high interpopulation genetic differentiation (GST = 0.914; NST = 0.954). But the high population differentiation was not coupled with a distinct phylogeographic structure (NST > GST, P > 0.05). Phylogenetic analyses revealed two main cpDNA haplotype lineages and the split between these two lineages can be dated back to the late Tertiary (3.84–11.90 Ma). Two independent range expansions within the two intraspecific lineages at approximately 0.15–0.46 and 0.17–0.50 Ma were revealed. Our results suggested that R. bungei survived the Last Glacial Maximum and/or previous glacial periods on the QTP. Colonization or recolonization during the repeated range expansions may have replaced the early haplotypes and the pre‐existing genetic structure and could explain the non‐significant phylogeographical structure.
Occurrence and genetic diversity of Raspberry leaf blotch virus (RLBV) infecting cultivated and wild Rubus species in Finland

Raspberry leaf blotch virus (RLBV) is a recently described (−)ssRNA virus (genus Emaravirus) associated with the long-known, severe raspberry leaf blotch disorder (RLBD). The virus is presumably transmitted by the raspberry leaf and bud mite (Phyllocoptes gracilis; Eriophyidae). Cultivated and wild raspberries (Rubus idaeus) displaying RLBD or yellowing symptoms were sampled in 14 districts in Finland and tested for RNA3 and RNA5 of RLBV by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and dot blot hybridization. A total of 59 samples were tested for RLBV, including 36 plants of cultivated raspberry, 20 wild raspberry plants, one ornamental purple flowering raspberry plant (Rubus odoratus), and two samples of P. gracilis (20 mites pooled per sample) collected from RLBD-affected Glen Ample. Fifty-three (93%) of the 57 plants tested were RLBV-positive, including seven raspberry cultivars (Balder, Glen Ample, Jenkka, Malling Minerva, Maurin Makea, Muskoka, Ottawa) and purple flowering raspberry, which is a new host for RLBV. RLBV was also detected by RT-PCR in mites (P. gracilis) collected from buds of RLBV-positive raspberry plants. The partial nucleotide (nt) sequence of the RLBV NP gene (nt 835–1284 of RNA3) was determined for 21 isolates obtained from 10 districts in Finland. Identical isolates were detected in distant districts, and distinctly different isolates were found in the same raspberry cultivation. Furthermore, eight different NP sequence variants were detected in the nine plants of a single raspberry cultivar (Glen Ample) tested from two districts. The nt and deduced amino acid sequences of the 21 isolates were 92.0–100% and 89.3–100% identical, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two main clusters. One cluster included three isolates, of which two isolates were from one farm in Finland and one isolate was previously characterised in Scotland. The other cluster contained the remaining 19 isolates characterised in this study. The results indicate that RLBV is widely distributed in cultivated and wild raspberries in Finland and shows considerable genetic variability.
Absorption efficiencies and basal turnover of C, N and fatty acids in a marine Calanoid copepod

Summary 1. Marine copepods of the genus Calanus can reproduce prior to the spring bloom in the absence of sufficient food. Their starvation physiology, and hence the factors limiting their pre-bloom population growth (egg production), remain poorly understood. 2. Stoichiometric theory can provide insights into the factors controlling an organism’s growth and the fate of elements in an ecosystem. It is underpinned by substrate utilization efficiencies that relate to key physiological processes such as absorption efficiencies (AEs) and biomass turnover. These parameters are seldom investigated, particularly in the case of essential ‘micronutrients’ such as the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). 3. Calanus spp. were fed briefly and subsequently starved for 5 days to determine basal turnover rates of biomass carbon, nitrogen and essential PUFAs. The effect of short-term fasting on nitrogen isotope signatures was also examined. The elemental, fatty acid and isotopic composition of their faecal pellets were compared to that of their food, providing insights into AEs and digestive isotopic discrimination. 4. Gut AEs typically followed the sequence: PUFA > nitrogen > carbon, although low AE for DHA was a notable exception. Starvation-induced losses of carbon, nitrogen, EPA and DHA demonstrate that homeostatic organisms must ingest all of these substrates in substantial quantity to achieve positive net growth. 5. Egested material was significantly depleted in 13C and 15N relative to the ingested food. We attribute this to isotopic discrimination at the macromolecular level, indicating that food quality contributes to the isotopic signature of a consumer organism. Values of δ15N in the copepods’ tissues did not increase during starvation, despite significant losses of bulk nitrogen. This supports the suggestion that dissimilatory protein pathways in marine crustaceans are non-discriminating. 6. The significant basal turnover rates and variable AEs for essential PUFAs and nitrogen presented herein demonstrate that organisms cannot be assumed to utilize all nutritious substrates with the same, high efficiency, even when scarce in the diet. Our data highlight the need for a more detailed understanding of organismal physiology before isotopic and stoichiometric models can be meaningfully constructed and parameterized.
Antibacterial Potential Screening of Halimeda sp on Some Types of Pathogenic Bacteria

The study was conducted as a test to determine the effectiveness of Halimeda sp seaweed extract on the growth of some types of pathogenic bacteria. Seaweeds extracted consist of four (4) types which include: Halimeda macrophysa, Halimeda gracillis, Halimeda Opuntia and Halimeda renschi . While the types of pathogenic bacteria used were ( Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis ). This study uses methanol in the ratio of 1: 1 (v/v) and were observed for 48 hours. The test results showed that the extract of Halimeda sp is effective as antibacterial pathogen. Phytochemical test showed the presence of steroid and saponin compounds.
Uncertainty of upland soil carbon sink estimate for Finland

Changes in the soil carbon stock of Finnish upland soils were quantified using forest inventory data, forest statistics, biomass models, litter turnover rates, and the Yasso07 soil model. Uncertainty in the estimated stock changes was assessed by combining model and sampling errors associated with the various data sources into variance–covariance matrices that allowed computationally efficient error propagation in the context of Yasso07 simulations. In sensitivity analysis, we found that the uncertainty increased drastically as a result of adding random year-to-year variation to the litter input. Such variation is smoothed out when using periodic inventory data with constant biomass models and turnover rates. Model errors (biomass, litter, understorey vegetation) and the systematic error of total drain had a marginal effect on the uncertainty regarding soil carbon stock change. Most of the uncertainty appears to be related to uncaptured annual variation in litter amounts. This is due to fact that variatio.
Effect of cypermethrin on clinico-haematological parameters in rabbits.

The aim of this study was to know the clinical and haematological changes in female rabbits following the treatment with cypermethrin (CY). In this study, 24 female rabbits were divided randomly into four equal groups A, B, C and D. Groups A, B and C were injected intraperitoneally CY @ 25, 50 and 75 mg/Kg b. wt. , respectively, while the group D served as control and received normal saline. Rabbits in each group received four treatments at an interval of five days. Blood samples with EDTA were collected after two days of each treatment for haematological studies. All the animals were monitored twice daily for clinical signs. Signs like increased urination, licking of legs, jerky movements, ataxia, incoordination, staggering gait and dizziness persisted for 30 to 90 minutes after each dose. Data analysis revealed that CY affected the haematological parameters in dose dependent manner. There was significant (P<0.05) decrease in RBC counts, Hb concentration and PCV in treated animals indicating that rabbits were suffering from anaemia. There was significant (P<0.05) increase in TLC, lymphocytes and MCV in all treated groups. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that CY is not safe for animals in high doses.
Xanthone production in calli and suspended cells of Hypericum perforatum

Summary Calli and suspended cells of Hypericum perforatum accumulated xanthones with the 1,3,6,7 and 1,3,5,6-oxygenation pattern. Xanthone accumulation was highly influenced by hormone supplementation. Calli grown with 4.5 µmol/L 2,4-D + 2.3 µmol/L KIN had the highest specific xanthone production observed (0.73 % DW). The use of BA instead of KIN reduced xanthone accumulation, resulting in the lowest production achieved (0.24 % DW). This effect was attenuated when both hormones were present. Calli displayed a positive linear relationship between NAA concentration, in the range of 4.5–22.5 µmol/L, and total xanthone accumulation and the xanthone 1,3,6,7/1,3,5,6 ratio. However, the production of 1,3,5,6 xanthones was similar in all NAA concentrations studied.
ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDIES ON USEFUL TREES AND SHRUBS OF HARAMOSH AND BUGROTE VALLEYS, IN GILGIT NORTHERN AREAS OF PAKISTAN

This paper deals with the ethnobotany of Haramosh and Bugrote valleys in Gilgit of the Northern Areas of Pakistan where 48 species of trees and shrubs are used in every day life such as for medicine, shelter, agricultural tools and fuel. These species dealt with in the paper have seventy such uses. The population of the region primarily depends upon plant resources for their domestic needs. However, some plants are cultivated for these purposes.
Incubation behaviour of the African jacana

In African jacanas all parental care is by males. The male's daytime attendance of the nest (= incubation constancy) averages 53% and is characterized by frequent, short ‘on’ and ‘off shifts in which he leaves the nest, on average, 35 times per day. Ambient temperatures affect both the incubation constancy and the duration of ‘on’ and ‘off’ shifts: on the coldest (x = 22,9°C) of 4 days of variable weather in which egg and ambient temperatures were monitored together with the male's incubation behaviour, the incubation constancy was 70,9%, the eggs were unattended 28,1%, the ‘on’ shifts were long (x = 22,5 min) and the ‘off’ shifts short (x = 8,4 min). In contrast, on the hottest day (x = 31,3°C) the eggs were unattended 56,5% of the day; they were incubated 6,9% and shaded 36,6%. Both ‘on’ (x = 4,7 min) and ‘off’ (x - 6,3 min) shifts were short. At night, when the eggs were constantly incubated, their temperature remained constant at 34,1 °C (SD = 0,4; n = 69) whereas in daytime their temperature ra.
Farmer Preferences for Coffee Certification: A Conjoint Analysis of the Indonesian Smallholders

Most coffee certification schemes are developed by Northern-based businesses and NGOs to regulate the production of coffee in the South. It is questionable whether these Northern-driven standards correspond to the preferences of coffee farmers in the South. Understanding farmer preferences and taking them into account when developing or improving certification schemes is believed to lead to more internalized, and therefore more effective standards. However, there is a lack of information on farmer’s preferences, both in the academic literature as well as with the certification programs themselves. Based on conjoint analysis and interviews, this paper investigates the preferences of coffee smallholder farmers in Indonesia. The smallholders surveyed include farmers registered with global certification schemes (i.e. Rainforest Alliance, Utz certified, and 4C), a local certification scheme (Inofice) and uncertified farmers. Results indicate that farmers in the different groups do not differ much in terms of their preferences. Moreover, although farmers value environmental conservation, their preferences regarding certification are mainly economically driven. This leads us to conclude that sustainability certification of coffee is only weakly institutionalized in the farmer’s context.