Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Warming increases soil respiration in a carbon-rich soil without changing microbial respiratory potential

Abstract. Increases in global temperatures due to climate change threaten to tip the balance between carbon (C) fluxes, liberating large amounts of C from soils. Evidence of warming-induced increases in CO2 efflux from soils has led to suggestions that this response of soil respiration (RS) will trigger a positive land C–climate feedback cycle, ultimately warming the Earth further. Currently, there is little consensus about the mechanisms driving the warming-induced RS response, and there are relatively few studies from ecosystems with large soil C stores. Here, we investigate the impacts of experimental warming on RS in the C-rich soils of a Tasmanian grassy sedgeland and whether alterations of plant community composition or differences in microbial respiratory potential could contribute to any effects. In situ, warming increased RS on average by 28 %, and this effect was consistent over time and across plant community composition treatments. In contrast, warming had no impact on microbial respiration in incubation experiments. Plant community composition manipulations did not influence RS or the RS response to warming. Processes driving the RS response in this experiment were, therefore, not due to plant community effects and are more likely due to increases in below-ground autotrophic respiration and the supply of labile substrate through rhizodeposition and root exudates. CO2 efflux from this high-C soil increased by more than a quarter in response to warming, suggesting inputs need to increase by at least this amount if soil C stocks are to be maintained. These results indicate the need for comprehensive investigations of both C inputs and losses from C-rich soils if efforts to model net ecosystem C exchange of these crucial, C-dense systems are to be successful.
Effects of Exenatide and Humalog Mix25 on Fat Distribution, Insulin Sensitivity, and β-Cell Function in Normal BMI Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Visceral Adiposity

In China, most normal BMI (body mass index of ≥18.5 to <25 kg/m2) adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) exhibit visceral adiposity. This study compared the effects of exenatide and humalog Mix25 on normal BMI patients with T2DM and visceral adiposity. A total of 95 patients were randomized to receive either exenatide or humalog Mix25 treatment for 24 weeks. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were quantified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and liver fat content (LFC) by liver proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS). Each patient's weight, waist circumference, BMI, blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, pancreatic β-cell function, and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) levels were measured. Data from 81 patients who completed the study (40 and 41 in the exenatide and humalog Mix25 groups, respectively) were analysed. The change in 2 h plasma blood glucose was greater in the exenatide group (P = 0.039). HOMA-IR and MBCI improved significantly after exenatide therapy (P < 0.01, P = 0.045). VAT and LFC decreased in both groups (P < 0.01 for all) but to a greater extent in the exenatide group, while SAT only decreased with exenatide therapy (P < 0.01). FGF-21 levels declined more in the exenatide group (P < 0.01), but were positively correlated with VAT in the entire cohort before (r = 0.244, P = 0.043) and after (r = 0.290, P = 0.016) the intervention. The effects of exenatide on glycaemic metabolism, insulin resistance, pancreatic β-cell function, and fat deposition support its administration to normal BMI patients with T2DM and visceral adiposity.
Decomposing the Danger of Drinking Drivers: 1983-2012

This paper estimates the relative risk of drunk-drivers causing a fatal accident using imputed values for BAC from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System for three time periods. In addition, we develop an econometric approach that allows the decomposition of fatal accident risk into two components: the relative probability of a drunk-driver causing a serious accident and the probability of dying in a serious accident. Our results suggest that the relative risk of drunk drivers causing a fatal accident increased by approximately one-third from 1983-1993 to 2004-2013. Further, the increase in relative risk was caused almost entirely by an increase in the relative risk of drunk drivers causing a serious accident. In contrast, the relative risk of a drunk driver dying in a serious accident was nearly unchanged. We also find that there has been a decrease in the incidence of drunk driving, as well as the external cost associated with drunkdriving.
Assessment of friction resistance of four orthodontic arch wires using three ligation methods in dry and wet conditions

Aim: Comparison of static and dynamic friction resistance of stainless steel (SS), nickel titanium (NiTi), titanium molybdenum alloy (TMA) and copper nickel titanium (CuNiTi) archwires using three different methods of ligation; St St ligature, Slide low friction elastics and conventional elastics in both dry and wet conditions. Materials and Methods: 144 new orthodontic arch wires were divided according to the alloy type into four groups with 36 archwires for each; group 1: stainless steel (SS), group 2: nickel titanium (NiTi), group 3: titanium molybdenum alloy (TMA) and group 4: copper nickel titanium (CuNiTi). Each group was divided according to the method of ligation into three subgroups with 12 archwires for each; subgroup A: ligated with SS ligature, subgroup B: ligated with Slide low friction elastics and subgroup C: ligated with conventional elastics. Static and kinetic friction resistance was measured using Lloyd Instruments in both dry and wet conditions by adding artificial saliva. Student t-test, ANOVA and LSD’s test were used for statistical analysis. Significance level was set at P≤ 0.05. Results: Student t-test showed static and kinetic friction for wet conditions were highly significant lower than dry conditions for the same arch wire/ligature cominations (P<= 0.001). Static and kinetic friction * Lecturer of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Egypt. † Assistant Professor, Dental Biomaterial Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Egypt. Egyptian Orthodontic Journal 86 Volume 50 – December 2016 resistance of SS archwires had significantly the least amount of friction followed by TMA then NiTi (Nitinol) and lastly CuNiTi. SS ligature exhibited significantly the least amount of friction followed by Slide low friction elastics while conventional elastics exhibited the greatest amount of friction (P<0.001). Conclusions: Wet conditions are essential for reducing friction in stainless steel bracket/archwire/ligature combinations. Stainless Steel archwire ligated to the SS bracket with SS ligatures exhibited the least amount of static and dynamic friction resistance followed by TMA and then NiTi and CuNiTi in an ascending order. SS ligature showed the least amount of friction followed by Slide elastomers and conventional elastic reported the highest friction resistance.
How Unsafe Contexts and Overlapping Risks Influence Journalism Practice Evidence from a survey of Mexican journalists

Journalists in many countries work in contexts of continuous risk, but few empirical studies identify how these conditions influence practice or measure the relative influence of different kinds of risk. This study asks a national sample of Mexican journalists to report use of several measures to ameliorate risk as violence and anti-press threat intensified over the last decade. It then identifies conditions that increased the likelihood of engaging in these practices. Findings reveal diverse tactics to remain safe and how those seeking to disseminate news through less-risky channels are less common than individual or outlet-based censorship. The study shows that physical insecurity overlaps with economic pressures to shut down important public-interest functions and that support for change agent roles, youth, ethnic minority status and working in smaller cities are important predictors of precautionary practices. The chapter ends with policy recommendations for international organizations, the Mexican government and press rights activists.
Investigating the relationship between stock market returns and macroeconomic variables: evidence from developed and emerging markets

This study examines the links between the macroeconomic variables (real economic activity, inflation, interest rate, money supply and exchange rate) and stock prices for developed and emerging markets during the period of January 2002 to December 2008. The study uses various testing methods including Granger causality test and Pedroni panel cointegration tests. These tests were applied by using panel data from 16 developed markets and 16 emerging markets. The empirical results show a significant causal relationship between macroeconomic variables, with the exception of interest rate and money supply, and stock prices for developed and emerging markets. It also finds a significant causal relationship between stock prices and macroeconomic variables for developed and emerging markets with the exception of exchange rate and money supply for developed markets. The findings also show a positive long-run relationship between real economic activity level and stock prices for developed markets. Furthermore, the results find that the relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock return in emerging markets is significantly more established than in developed markets.
Artificial Intelligence in Human Resources Information Systems: Investigating its Trust and Adoption Determinants

With the rapidly emerging trend of employing Artificial Intelligence technologies within modern economics. This study is an attempt to fill the research gap associated with the factors that have influence with the adoption of artificial intelligence in human resources information systems on HR-leaders intention to use it. It empirically investigates the influences that trust, technological readiness, facilitating condition and performance expectancy on HR-professional’s behavioral intention to use AI in HRM. Besides, examine the moderating effect of age and experience on the proposed associations. Data were collected from by online questionnaire from 185 HR managers. A structural framework was introduced to test the relationship between study latent variables. Result exhibited that trust and performance expectancy has a significant influence on HR-professionals behavioral intention to use AI-HRIS. Trust and technological readiness showed a significant influence on HR-professionals performance expectancy of using AI-HRIS. While facilitating condition, organizational size and technological readiness did not show a significant influence on HR-professionals behavioral intention toward using AI-HRIS. Lastly, Age and Experience did not have a moderating effect on trust and performance expectancy association with the behavioral intention toward using AI-HRIS. The findings of this study contribute to the theory development of information technology diffusion in HRM.
Friction Velocity and Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Stability

Particle size distribution of dust at emission (dust PSD) is an essential quantity to be estimated in dust studies. It 10 has been recognized in earlier research that dust PSD is dependent on soil properties (e.g. whether soil is sand or clay) and 11 friction velocity, u*, a surrogate for surface shear stress and descriptor for saltation bombardment intensity. This recognition 12 has been challenged in some recent papers, causing a debate on whether dust PSD is “invariant” and the search for 13 justification. In this paper, we analyze dust PSD measured in the Japan-Australian Dust Experiment and show that dust PSD 14 is dependent on u* and on atmospheric boundary-layer stability. By simple theoretical and numerical analysis, we explain the 15 three reasons for the latter dependency. First, under similar mean wind conditions, the mean of u* is larger for unstable than 16 for stable conditions. Second, u* is stochastic and its probability distribution profoundly influences the magnitude of the 17 mean saltation flux due to the non-linear relationship between saltation flux and u*. Third, in unstable conditions, turbulence 18 is usually stronger, which leads to higher saltation-bombardment intensity. This study confirms that dust PSD depends on u*, 19 and more precisely, on the probability distribution of u*, which itself is stability dependent. We restate that for a given soil, 20 finer dust is released in case of stronger saltation. 21
Erosion rates of alpine bedrock summit surfaces deduced from in situ “ Be and 26 A 1

We have measured the concentration of in situ produced cosmogenic “Be and 26Al from bare bedrock surfaces on summit flats in four western U.S. mountain ranges. The maximum mean bare-bedrock erosion rate from these alpine environments is 7.6 + 3.9 m My‘. Individual measurements vary between 2 and 19 m My‘. These erosion rates are similar to previous cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) erosion rates measured in other environments, except for those from extremely arid regions. This indicates that bare bedrock is not weathered into transportable material more rapidly in alpine environments than in other environments, even though frost weathering should be intense in these areas. Our (RN-deduced point measurements of bedrock erosion are slower than typical basin-averaged denudation rates ( u 50 m My ’ ). If our measured CRN erosion rates are accurate indicators of the rate at which summit flats are lowered by erosion, then relief in the mountain ranges examined here is probably increasing. We develop a model of outcrop erosion to investigate the magnitude of errors associated with applying the steady-state erosion model to episodically eroding outcrops. Our simulations show that interpreting measurements with the steady-state erosion model can yield erosion rates which are either greater or less than the actual long-term mean erosion rate. While errors resulting from episodic erosion are potentially greater than both measurement and production rate errors for single samples, the mean value of many steady-state erosion rate measurements provides a much better estimate of the long-term erosion rate.
Regulationof copper homeostasis byCuf 1 associateswith its subcellular localization in thepathogenic yeastCryptococcus neoformansH 99

Regulationof copper homeostasis byCuf1associateswith its subcellular localization in thepathogenic yeastCryptococcus neoformansH99 Nan Jiang, Xiaoguang Liu, Jiao Yang, Zhongming Li, Jiao Pan & Xudong Zhu National Key Program of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; and Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Lab, College of Bioengineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
Reproductive genetics Intermediate sized CGG repeats are not a common cause of idiopathic premature ovarian failure

background: It is recognized that FMR1 premutation expansions are associated with premature ovarian failure (POF), but the role of smaller repeats at the boundary of premutation and normal is less clear. methods: We have therefore investigated the incidence of these intermediate sized FMR1 CGG repeats (35–58 repeats) in a series of 366 women ascertained because of menopause before the age of 40. results: We found no significant difference in the incidence of intermediates in cases compared with controls. Thus, we were unable to replicate previous studies showing a positive association, despite a significantly larger sample size. conclusions: We therefore conclude that intermediate sized FMR1 CGG repeat alleles should not be considered a high-risk factor for POF based on current evidence.
Scale-Chiral Effective Field Theory for Nuclear Interactions in the Veneziano Limit

Following Golterman and Shamir, we develop scale-chiral perturbation theory in the large $N_c$ and large $N_f$ Veneziano limit that incorporates both light-quark baryons and hidden local symmetric bosons and derive a leading-order scale symmetry Lagrangian applicable in nuclear physics. Some applications in the medium-free space and baryonic matter are discussed.
Title Microbial regulation of nitrogen dynamics along the hillslopeof a natural forest

Right © 2015 Isobe, Ohte, Oda, Murabayashi, Wei, Senoo, Tokuchi and Tateno. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
RELATIONSHIP OF RESIDUAL FEED INTAKE WITH BLOOD METABOLITES AND HORMONES IN SAHIWAL FEMALE CALVES

The study was conducted to find out relationship of residual feed intake (feed efficiency parameter) with various blood metabolites in growing Sahiwal female calves. Healthy Sahiwal female calves (n=18) were selected and fed total mixed rations consisting of wheat straw, berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) and concentrate mixture (mesh, BIS type-I) according to their body requirements. Net feed intake and body weights were recorded at regular intervals. Residual feed intake (RFI) values were calculated for individual calves and they were designated low RFI group with negative (n= 9; RFI= -0.14 kg/d) and high RFI group with positive (n=9; RFI= +0.14 kg/d) RFI values. Low RFI consumed less (P<0.05) dietary DM compared to high RFI group (2.56 vs. 3.02 kg/100 kg B. wt.), while gaining similar body weights (0.48 and 0.47 kg/d) indicating higher efficiency of feed utilization in the former group. Low RFI group showed better feed conversion ratio (20.29% lower), compared to high RFI group (5.52 and 6.64 kg DM consumed/kg gain). The values of blood glucose (56.71 and 59.14 mg/dl), total plasma protein (7.32 and 7.54 g/dl) and growth hormone (4.37 and 4.29 ng/ml) were similar in both the groups. Low RFI group possessed higher (P<0.05) values for creatinine (1.52 vs. 1.26 mg/dl) and IGF-1 (140.40 vs. 122.49 ng/ml). On the contrary, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (118.74 vs. 97.51 IU/L) and BUN (22.03 vs. 18.14 mg/dl) were higher in high RFI group compared to low RFI group.
Performance of lettuce in sole cropping and intercropping with green manures

The performance of lettuce in sole and intercropped with green manures was assessed under different establishment times. The lettuce fresh and dry weight, number of leaves per plant, diameter and length of head, and fresh and dry weight of green manure were evaluated. The intercropping design was additive and both cash and cover crops were planted in rows. The experimental design was of randomized complete blocks in split plot scheme, with six replicates. The plots represented the green manure sowing days (0, 20, 40 and 60 before transplanting of lettuce), and the sub-plots were assigned by cropping systems (lettuce in sole crop and intercropped with black oat, cowpea or white lupin). Simultaneous planting in the intercropping did not affect the lettuce performance. However, when the green manures were sown before lettuce, they influenced it in a negative way. Among the green manures, cowpea increased biomass and had a higher negative effect on lettuce performance compared to white lupin, which appeared to produce less competition. The sole crop and the intercropping with simultaneous planting of the green manures resulted in a better lettuce performance.
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Synergizes Sorafenib Anticancer Efficacy with Minimizing Its Cytotoxicity

Cancer, as a group, represents the most important cause of death worldwide. Unfortunately, the available therapeutic approaches of cancer including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy are unsatisfactory and represent a great challenge as many patients have cancer recurrence and severe side effects. Methotrexate (MTX) is a well-established (antineoplastic or cytotoxic) chemotherapy and immunosuppressant drug used to treat different types of cancer, but its usage requires high doses causing severe side effects. Therefore, we need a novel drug with high antitumor efficacy in addition to safety. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the antitumor efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NPs) and sorafenib alone or in combination on solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) in mice. Sixty adult female Swiss-albino mice were divided equally into 6 groups as follows: control, SEC, MTX, ZnO-NPs, sorafenib, and ZnO-NPs+sorafenib; all treatments continued for 4 weeks. ZnO-NPs were characterized by TEM, zeta potential, and SEM mapping. Data showed that ZnO-NPs synergized with sorafenib as a combination therapy to execute more effective and safer anticancer activity compared to monotherapy as showed by a significant reduction (P < 0.001) in tumor weight, tumor cell viability, and cancer tissue glutathione amount as well as by significant increase (P < 0.001) in tumor growth inhibition rate, DNA fragmentation, reactive oxygen species generation, the release of cytochrome c, and expression of the apoptotic gene caspase-3 in the tumor tissues with minimal changes in the liver, renal, and hematological parameters. Therefore, we suggest that ZnO-NPs might be a safe candidate in combination with sorafenib as a more potent anticancer. The safety of this combined treatment may allow its use in clinical trials.
On the Real-Rootedness of the Local h-Polynomials of Edgewise Subdivisions

Athanasiadis conjectured that, for every positive integer $r$, the local $h$-polynomial of the $r$th edgewise subdivision of any simplex has only real zeros. In this paper, based on the theory of interlacing polynomials, we prove that a family of polynomials related to the desired local $h$-polynomial is interlacing and hence confirm Athanasiadis' conjecture.
REFLECTIONS ON THE PHYLOGENETIC POSITION OF SPIRULA (CEPHALOPODA): PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE FROM THE 18S RIBOSOMAL RNA GENE

In the scope of a study focusing on the phylogenetic position of Spirulida within the Coleoida DNA sequences of five cephalopod species (Loligo vulgaris, Sepia officinalis, Sepietta sp, Illex coindetii, Eledone cirrhosa) from the Mediterranean (Banyuls, France) as well as Histioteuthis sp. , Heteroteuthis sp. and Spirula spirula from the West Atlantic Ocean (Fuerteventura, Canary Islands) were obtained and analyzed using different methods (NJ, MP and ML). Each method had a remarkable influence on tree topology. Only the MP tree supports the hypothesis of Engeser and Bandel (1988), suggesting that Spirula appears as the most ancient species of recent Decabrachia. This phylogeny is well supported by high bootstrap values (100%) and a high decay index (33).