Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
System Presentation -- CARIBOO: An induction based proof tool for termination with strategies

We describe Cariboo, the implementation of an inductive process recently proposed to prove termination of rewriting under strategies on ground term algebras. The method is based on an abstraction mechanism, introducing variables that represent ground terms in normal form, and on narrowing, schematizing reductions on ground terms. It applies in particular to non-terminating systems which are terminating with innermost or local strategies. The narrowing process, well known to easily diverge, is controlled by using appropriate abstraction constraints. The abstraction mechanism lies on satisfiability of ordering constraints. Thanks to the power of induction, these ordering constraints are often simple and automatically solved by our system. Otherwise, they can be treated by the user or any external automatic solver. On many examples, Cariboo even enables to succeed without considering any constraint at all ; the process is then completely automatic. Cariboo offers a graphical view of the proof process. It is implemented in ELAN, a rule based programming environment, and so can be used for proving termination of ELAN programs.
Sedimentary provenance and palaeoenvironment of the Baixo Araguaia Supergroup: constraints on the palaeogeographical evolution of the Araguaia Belt and assembly of West Gondwana

Abstract Provenance studies on metasedimentary rocks of the Baixo Araguaia Supergroup of the Brasiliano Araguaia Belt, central Brazil, yield 207Pb/206Pb zircon evaporation ages for detrital zircons from quartzites concentrated around 1000–1200 Ma and 2800–2900 Ma; Sm–Nd TDM model ages of schists and phyllites scatter around 1600–1700 Ma. Facies analysis of low-grade metasedimentary rocks from drill cores suggests a sedimentary environment of basin floor and lower- to upper-slope turbidites. Nearby sources are indicated by the textural and mineralogical immaturity; together with structural geological data indicating tectonic transport of the supracrustal pile towards the NW, this suggests probable provenance from the southeastern portion of the Araguaia Belt and not from the Amazonian Craton as usually believed. The Goiás Massif, Goiás Magmatic Arc, São Francisco Craton and Paranapanema block are considered to be the best candidates. They may have formed a larger continental mass during West Gondwana amalgamation, prior to their collision with the Amazonian Craton to form the Araguaia Belt. Final timing of this collision is constrained by c. 550 Ma syntectonic granites. Similar ages for high-grade gneisses in the Rokelide Belt suggest coeval collision and coetaneous metamorphism of the Araguaia and Rokelide belts, but more geological and geophysical data are required for a decisive correlation between these belts.
Liquefaction Potential Assessment of Pleistocene Beach Sands near Charleston, South Carolina

Abstract:Liquefaction potential of four Pleistocene beach sand deposits in the Greater Charleston area, South Carolina, is assessed. The assessment is based on a review of 51 sites of conspicuous craterlets and horizontal ground displacement that occurred in beach sand deposits during the 1886 Charleston earthquake and an analysis of 82 seismic cone penetration tests with pore-pressure measurements. Of the 51 ground failure sites, 23 are associated with the Ten Mile Hill beds; 13 with the Wando Formation; 13 with the Silver Bluff terrace and younger deposits that lie adjacent to the harbor, rivers, and creeks; and two with the Ladson Formation. Liquefaction potential is analyzed using the seismic cone data with and without correction for age-related processes (diagenesis) and then expressed in terms of the liquefaction potential index (LPI). Probability curves are developed from the LPI calculations for different earthquake ground-shaking parameters. The probability curves for the Wando Formation overpred.
Forced secondary circulations in hurricanes

In this study, application of Eliassen's (1951) forced secondary circulation model to the hurricane vortex is reexamined. It is shown by scale analysis that the symmetric tangential flow is in hydrostatic and gradient balance if the asymmetric part of the tangential flow and the radial and vertical symmetric motions are appreciably smaller than the symmetric tangential flow. When surface friction and cumulus transports of heat and momentum are included, the forced symmetric radial and vertical motions may be diagnosed. The approximations on which this system of balanced equations is based are valid everywhere in the hurricane vortex except in the upper tropospheric outflow layer. In the absence of Fickian diffusion of momentum and heat, both deep inflow in the outer vortex and subsidence within the eye are forced by radial gradients of convective heating. If corresponding gradients of cooling arise in the upper troposphere by mechanisms such as detrainment from overshooting cumuli, descent may be induced in the lower stratosphere above and around the eye. Convective momentum transports act to weaken the thermally induced secondary flow somewhat. If the vertical resolution of the finite difference mesh is too coarse to resolve the detrainment layer properly, the model may diagnose an unrealistic secondary flow with ascent throughout the eye. In the absence of all cumulus processes, the frictionally converged air no longer rises to the tropopause but rather flows outward in a shallow layer in the lower troposphere.
Masked Autoencoders with Multi-Window Attention Are Better Audio Learners

Several recent works have adapted Masked Autoencoders (MAEs) for learning general-purpose audio representations. However, they do not address two key aspects of modelling multi-domain audio data: (i) real-world audio tasks consist of a combination of local+global contexts, and (ii) real-world audio signals are complex compositions of several acoustic elements with different time-frequency characteristics. To address these concerns, this work proposes a Multi-Window Masked Autoencoder (MW-MAE) fitted with a novel Multi-Window Multi-Head Attention module that can capture information at multiple local and global contexts in every decoder transformer block through attention heads of several distinct local and global windows. Empirical results on ten downstream audio tasks show that MW-MAEs consistently outperform standard MAEs in overall performance and learn better general-purpose audio representations, as well as demonstrate considerably better scaling characteristics. Exploratory analyses of the learned representations reveals that MW-MAE encoders learn attention heads with more distinct entropies compared to those learned by MAEs, while attention heads across the different transformer blocks in MW-MAE decoders learn correlated feature representations, enabling each block to independently capture local and global information, leading to a decoupled feature hierarchy. Code for feature extraction and downstream experiments along with pre-trained weights can be found at https://github.com/10997NeurIPS23/10997_mwmae .
CAN ’ T ’ GET NO SATISFACTION : BOTH ROMANTIC PARTNERS TELL US WHY

ANDREA L LAZAR: Can't Get No Satisfaction: Both Romantic Partners Tell Us Why (Under the direction of Kathleen Mullan Harris) Romantic relationship satisfaction (RRS) has ramifications for personal, family, and societal well-being. However, RRS research has often failed to account for characteristics of both partners. The couples' sub-sample in Wave III of The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health addresses this by including the romantic heterosexual partners of 1,500 emerging adult respondents. My analysis of relationship characteristics, demographic factors, stressors, and attitudes in this sub-sample reveals that, regardless of gender, own characteristics impacted RRS more than partner's characteristics. However, for men, partner characteristics were more important for RSS than for women. Furthermore, being in an interracial relationship was associated with lower RRS for women with no effect for men. Yet, a mismatch in college attendance between partners was associated with lower RRS for men but not for women. Beyond purposes of well-being, understanding the nuanced relationship dynamics of young adults can further inform policymakers interested in promoting healthy relationships. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author gratefully acknowledges research support from the Carolina Population Center through an NICHD pre-doctoral fellowship. The author extends her gratitude to her committee members: Kathleen Mullan Harris, Guang Guo, and Lisa Pearce for all of their feedback and assistance in completing this project. Special thanks are given to Jim Hull and Brandon Wagner for their support and help throughout the development of this paper. This research uses data from Add Health, a program project designed by J.
Fluid‐magma decoupling in a hot‐spot volcano

Melt and fluid inclusions in olivines from the last 1998 eruption of Piton de la Fournaise (PdF), have recorded a range of volatile partial pressures (350–420 MPa), the highest, so far for this volcano, are found in Fo‐rich olivines from a vent remote from the main eruptive activity. Such pressures indicate that fractionation of olivine (and other crystals) occur below the crust‐mantle boundary in a CO2‐rich volatile saturated environment. Together with previously published data, the model that emerges for PdF is one where olivines which have crystallized from multiple past magma injection events [see Albarède et al., 1997], may be picked up by newly intruding magma, anywhere from upper‐mantle depths to the surface. This model is likely to apply to other shield volcanoes. Magma production and transport to the surface is accompanied by continuous open‐system degassing through the permeable volcanic pile. The calculated H2O content of primary basalts (MgO ≈ 12–14 wt.%) from PdF may reach 0.7–1 wt. % implying a rather H2O‐rich hot spot mantle source.
Convolutional aggregation of local evidence for large pose face alignment

Methods for unconstrained face alignment must satisfy two requirements: they must not rely on accurate initialisation/face detection and they should perform equally well for the whole spectrum of facial poses. To the best of our knowledge, there are no methods meeting these requirements to satisfactory extent, and in this paper, we propose Convolutional Aggregation of Local Evidence (CALE), a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture particularly designed for addressing both of them. In particular, to remove the requirement for accurate face detection, our system firstly performs facial part detection, providing confidence scores for the location of each of the facial landmarks (local evidence). Next, these score maps along with early CNN features are aggregated by our system through joint regression in order to refine the landmarks’ location. Besides playing the role of a graphical model, CNN regression is a key feature of our system, guiding the network to rely on context for predicting the location of occluded landmarks, typically encountered in very large poses. The whole system is trained end-to-end with intermediate supervision. When applied to AFLW-PIFA, the most challenging human face alignment test set to date, our method provides more than 50% gain in localisation accuracy when compared to other recently published methods for large pose face alignment. Going beyond human faces, we also demonstrate that CALE is effective in dealing with very large changes in shape and appearance, typically encountered in animal faces.
Aggregate Comparative Statics

In aggregative games, each player's payoff depends on her own actions and an aggregate of the actions of all the players (for example, sum, product or some moment of the distribution of actions). Many common games in industrial organization, political economy, public economics, and macroeconomics can be cast as aggregative games. In most of these situations, the behavior of the aggregate is of interest both directly and also indirectly because the comparative statics of the actions of each player can be obtained as a function of the aggregate. In this paper, we provide a general and tractable framework for comparative static results in aggregative games. We focus on two classes of aggregative games: (1) aggregative of games with strategic substitutes and (2) "nice" aggregative games, where payoff functions are continuous and concave in own strategies. We provide simple sufficient conditions under which "positive shocks" to individual players increase their own actions and have monotone effects on the aggregate. We show how this framework can be applied to a variety of examples and how this enables more general and stronger comparative static results than typically obtained in the literature.
On the equivalence of the static and dynamic asset allocation problems

A classic dynamic asset allocation problem optimizes the expected final-time utility of wealth, for an individual who can invest in a risky stock and a risk-free bond, trading continuously in time. Recently, several authors considered the corresponding static asset allocation problem in which the individual cannot trade but can invest in options as well as the underlying. The optimal static strategy can never do better than the optimal dynamic one. Surprisingly, however, for some market models the two approaches are equivalent. When this happens the static strategy is clearly preferable, since it avoids any impact of market frictions. This paper examines the question: when, exactly, are the static and dynamic approaches equivalent? We give an easily tested necessary and sufficient condition, and many non-trivial examples. Our analysis assumes that the stock follows a scalar diffusion process, and uses the completeness of the resulting market model. A simple special case is when the drift and volatility depend only on time; then the two approaches are equivalent precisely if (μ (t)− r)/σ2(t) is constant. This is not the Sharpe ratio or the market price of risk, but rather a nondimensional ratio of excess return to squared volatility that arises naturally in portfolio optimization problems.
A Mixed Methods Approach to Technology Acceptance Research

The aim of this paper is to discuss the significance and potentials of a mixed methods approach in technology acceptance research. After critically reviewing the dominance of the quantitative survey method in TAM-based research, this paper reports a mixed methods study of user acceptance of emergency alert technology in order to illustrate the benefits of combining qualitative and quantitative techniques in a single study. The main conclusion is that a mixed methods approach provides opportunities to move beyond the vague conceptualizations of “usefulness” and “ease of use” and to advance our understanding of user acceptance of technology in context.
Total solar irradiance measurements with PREMOS/PICARD

PREMOS on the French satellite PICARD is the first spaceborne absolute radiometer measuring Total Solar Irradiance that has been irradiance-calibrated in vacuum with SI-traceability. The measurements of PREMOS at first light on July 27, 2010, yield a TSI value of 1360.9±0.4 W/m2 (k=1). This value agrees with the absolute TSI value measured by TIM/SORCE for this date within their combined uncertainties, and it differs by more than ten sigma from the absolute value of other space experiments, e.g. VIRGO/SOHO. The PREMOS measurements thus establish SI-traceability to a solar constant value of 1361 W/m2.
Comment on “El Niño suppresses Antarctic warming” by N. Bertler et al.

[1] The new science presented by Bertler et al. [2004] is an important addition to the building literature on Antarctic climate trends, particularly as related to ENSO events. However, we would like to address statements made by Bertler et al. that misrepresent the results of Doran et al. [2002a] in our study on climate cooling and its effects on the McMurdo Dry Valley (MDV) ecosystem. [2] In their introduction Bertler et al. [2004] state:
Sensitivity of mass transfer‐based evaporation equations to errors in daily and monthly input data

The influence of data errors on the performance of mass transfer-based evaporation equations was investigated for both monthly and daily data from a climatological station in the State of Vaud in Switzerland. Evaporation estimates were found to be particularly sensitive to vapour pressure gradient, less sensitive to wind speed and most insensitive to temperature. A quantitative analysis showed that: (1) systematic errors in vapour pressure data influenced evaporation estimates inversely to more or less the same magnitude for both monthly and daily cases; (2) systematic errors in wind speed and temperature data influenced evaporation estimates inversely to the magnitude of about a half and a quarter of the magnitude of the influence of vapour pressure errors, respectively; and (3) evaporation estimates were much more sensitive to random errors in the case of monthly data than daily data. #1997 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Viscous coupling at the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary

Tectonic plate motions reflect dynamical contributions from subduction processes (i.e., classical “slab‐pull” forces) and lateral pressure gradients within the asthenosphere (“asthenosphere‐drive” forces), which are distinct from gravity forces exerted by elevated mid‐ocean ridges (i.e., classical “ridge‐push” forces). Here we use scaling analysis to show that the extent to which asthenosphere‐drive contributes to plate motions depends on the lateral dimension of plates and on the relative viscosities and thicknesses of the lithosphere and asthenosphere. Whereas slab‐pull forces always govern the motions of plates with a lateral extent greater than the mantle depth, asthenosphere‐drive forces can be relatively more important for smaller (shorter wavelength) plates, large relative asthenosphere viscosities or large asthenosphere thicknesses. Published plate velocities, tomographic images and age‐binned mean shear wave velocity anomaly data allow us to estimate the relative contributions of slab‐pull and asthenosphere‐drive forces for the motions of the Atlantic and Pacific plates. Whereas the Pacific plate is driven largely by slab pull, the Atlantic plate is predicted to be strongly driven by basal forces related to viscous coupling to strong asthenospheric flow, consistent with recent observations related to the stress state of North America. In addition, compared to the East Pacific Rise (EPR), the relatively large lateral pressure gradient near the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge (MAR) is expected to produce significantly steeper dynamic topography. Thus, the relative importance of this plate‐driving force may partly explain why the flanking topography at the EPR is smoother than at the MAR. Our analysis also indicates that this plate‐driving force was more significant, and heat loss less efficient, in Earth's hotter past compared with its cooler present state. This type of trend is consistent with thermal history modeling results which require less efficient heat transfer in Earth's past.
Understanding Finite-State Representations of Recurrent Policy Networks

We introduce an approach for understanding finite-state machine (FSM) representations of recurrent policy networks. Recent work focused on minimizing FSMs to gain high-level insight, however, minimization can obscure a deeper understanding by merging states that are semantically distinct. Conversely, our approach starts with an unminimized machine and applies more-interpretable reductions that preserve the key decision points of the policy. We also contribute a saliency tool to attain a deeper understanding of the role of observations in the decisions. Our case studies on policies from 7 Atari games and 3 control benchmarks demonstrate that the approach can reveal insights that have not been noticed in prior work.
Are Two Heads Better than One? Exploring Two-Party Conversations for Car Navigation Voice Guidance

Voice guidance for car navigation typically considers drivers as docile actors. Recent works highlight limitations to this assumption which make drivers rely less on given directions. To explore how drivers can make better navigation decisions, we conducted a pilot Wizard-of-Oz study that gives turn suggestions in conversations between two voice agents. We asked 30 participants to drive in a simulation environment using voice guidance that gives three types of suggestions: familiar, optimal, and new routes. We examined their route choices, perceived workload and utterances while driving. We found that while most drivers followed directions appropriate for the given scenarios, they were more likely to make inappropriate choices after hearing alternatives in conversations. On the other hand, two-party conversations allowed drivers to better reflect on their choices after trips. We conclude by discussing preliminary design implications for car navigation voice guidance specifically and recommender systems in general.
Chamberlin-Courant Rule with Approval Ballots: Approximating the MaxCover Problem with Bounded Frequencies in FPT Time

We consider the problem of winner determination under Chamberlin--Courant's multiwinner voting rule with approval utilities. This problem is equivalent to the well-known NP-complete MaxCover problem and, so, the best polynomial-time approximation algorithm for it has approximation ratio 1 - 1/e. We show exponential-time/FPT approximation algorithms that, on one hand, achieve arbitrarily good approximation ratios and, on the other hand, have running times much better than known exact algorithms. We focus on the cases where the voters have to approve of at most/at least a given number of candidates.
Biot‐Gardner theory of extensional waves in porous rods

Many measurements have been made on fluid‐saturated porous rods executing extensional, flexural, and torsional motion. Measurements for extensional and flexural motion yield a loss parameter for Young's modulus waves QY, and the measurement for torsional motion yields QS for shear waves. QP has then been calculated for compressional waves in bulk rock, on the assumption that the fluid‐saturated rock is an isotropic solid. I point out the fallacy of computing Qp from these measurements and also urge workers to recognize the losses due to simple fluid viscosity in interpreting their data on extensional waves in rods. By application of published theory, I show that peaks in attenuation of extensional waves are to be expected at frequencies of several hertz to several kilohertz, depending upon rod radius. Computed curves are compared with published measurements on Navajo sandstone saturated with water, ethanol, and n‐decane. In each case, computed peak frequency agrees with published measurements. Shift of th.