Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Detection of Airway Invasion from Videofluoroscopy via Deep Learning Technology

In dysphagia, food materials frequently invade the laryngeal airway, potentially resulting in serious consequences, such as asphyxia or pneumonia. The VFSS (videofluoroscopic swallowing study) procedure can be used to visualize the occurrence of airway invasion, but its reliability is limited by human errors and fatigue. Deep learning technology may improve the efficiency and reliability of VFSS analysis by reducing the human effort required. A deep learning model has been developed that can detect airway invasion from VFSS images in a fully automated manner. The model consists of three phases: (1) image normalization, (2) dynamic ROI (region of interest) determination, and (3) airway invasion detection. Noise induced by movement and learning from unintended areas is minimized by defining a “dynamic” ROI with respect to the center of the cervical spinal column as segmented using U-Net. An Xception module, trained on a dataset consisting of 267,748 image frames obtained from 319 VFSS video files, is used for the detection of airway invasion. The present model shows an overall accuracy of 97.2% in classifying image frames and 93.2% in classifying video files. It is anticipated that the present model will enable more accurate analysis of VFSS data.
A new species of Tanyuromys Pine, Timm, and Weksler, 2012 (Cricetidae: Oryzomyini), with Comments on relationships within the Oryzomyini

We name and describe a new species of long-tailed sigmodontine rodent of the genus Tanyuromys, based on 3 specimens collected from 3 different localities in northern Ecuador, during the period 1953–2008. All 3 localities are at middle elevations on the Pacific Andean slopes and specimens were taken both in intact and disturbed forest areas. Tanyuromys previously has been treated as including a single species—T. aphrastus (Harris, 1932); however, using morphological and molecular characters (mitochondrial cytochrome b [Cytb], 1,143 bp), we herein recognize 2 species: T. aphrastus proper, which, so far as known, occurs only in Costa Rica and Panama, and a new species known only from Ecuador. The Ecuadoran species, like T. aphrastus, is characterized by a long tail (ca. 1.5 × length of head plus body); large, complexly constructed, pentalophodont molars; braincase with beaded supraorbital margins continuous with raised temporal ridges; short, anteriorly constricted incisive foramina; short, narrow palatines; and small auditory bullae. Although similar morphologically, which explains why the 2 species have hitherto been regarded as 1, the few specimens available of each differ in that the new species has, among other traits, a narrower interorbital breadth, narrower zygomatic plate, invariably (thus far) distinct supraorbital bead continuing posteriorly over parietal to lambdoidal crests as a prominent raised ridge, relatively large lateral wing of the parietal, skull with more angular rather than more rounded contours. Molecular and morphological characters confirm that specimens of T. aphrastus from Costa Rica and Panama are quite similar; they differ in Cytb sequences by 1.2%. The new species from Ecuador, in contrast, differs from the Central American T. aphrastus in Cytb sequences by 10.2%. The 2 species form a well-supported clade; we infer the genus' phylogenetic associations within the Oryzomyini, based on the complete Cytb sequence.
Dispersal is associated with morphological innovation, but not increased diversification, in Cyphostemma (Vitaceae)

Multiple processes − including dispersal, morphological innovation, and habitat change − are frequently cited as catalysts for increased diversification. We investigate these processes and the causal linkages among them in the genus Cyphostemma (Vitaceae), a clade comprising ∼200 species that is unique in the Vitaceae for its diversity of growth habits. We reconstruct time‐calibrated evolutionary relationships among 64 species in the genus using five nuclear and chloroplast markers and infer the group's morphological and biogeographic history. We test for changes in speciation rate and evaluate the temporal association and sequencing of events with respect to dispersal, habitat change, and morphological evolution using a Monte Carlo simulation approach. In Cyphostemma, neither dispersal nor morphological evolution is associated with shifts in speciation rate, but dispersal is associated with evolutionary shifts in growth form. Evolution of stem succulence, in particular, is associated with adaptation to local, pre‐existing conditions following long‐distance dispersal, not habitat change in situ. We suggest that the pattern of association between dispersal, morphological innovation, and diversification may depend on the particular characters under study. Lineages with evolutionarily labile characters, such as stem succulence, do not necessarily conform to the notion of niche conservatism and instead demonstrate remarkable morphological adaptation to local climate and edaphic conditions following dispersal.
By Lack of Reciprocity: Positioning Historically Black Colleges and Universities in the Organizational Field of Higher Education

ABSTRACT This study examines social closure processes in the organizational field of higher education and their implications with respect to Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). Using institutional comparison-group data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), we analyze how organizational identity claims and non-reciprocation reveal salient between-group boundaries among different types of four-year colleges and universities. Compared to other organizational traits that could potentially give rise to social boundaries in this organizational field, findings indicate that the social divide between HWIs and HBCUs is particularly sharp. Importantly, our analyses show that this divide is the result of HWIs excluding HBCUs through non-reciprocity, and not the result of HBCUs self-segregating. The results thus suggest that social closure is one mechanism through which HWIs protect their racially privileged status. Overall, the pattern of non-reciprocity documented in this study suggests that HWIs continue to interpret HBCUs as lesser institutions of higher education, despite their significant historical and contemporary role in American higher education.
Health-Related Quality of Life in the Spironolactone to Reduce ICD Therapy (SPIRIT) Trial

To describe health related quality of life (HRQOL) and symptoms in the SPIRIT trial and determine effects of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shocks on HRQOL over 24 months. Ninety participants aged 66 ± 10 years, 96% men, 75% with NYHA class II, with an ICD were randomized to spironolactone 25 mg (N = 44) or placebo (N = 46). HRQOL was measured every 6 months for 24 months using: Patient Concerns Assessment (PCA), Short Form Health Survey-Veterans Version (SF-36V), and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ). Linear mixed modeling compared changes in HRQOL over-time and ANCOVA compared HRQOL between those getting an ICD shock or not. Over 24-months, there were no differences in HRQOL between the spironolactone versus placebo groups. Those with at least one ICD shock reported significantly lower HRQOL and more symptoms at 6- and 24-months. Patients receiving one or more ICD shocks reported significant reductions in HRQOL and higher symptoms.
Comparison of Four Systems for Propagation of Coleus by Stem Cuttings

Overhead mist (OM) facilitates the propagation of stem cuttings by preventing transpirational water loss. However, drawbacks to OM include the application of large volumes of water, potentially unsanitary conditions, irregular misting coverage, and leaching of foliar nutrients. We explored three alternatives to OM that might avoid these problems by applying moisture below, rather than overhead. These included 1) a submist (SM) aeroponic system configured to provide intermittent mist only to the rooting zone, 2) a subirrigation (SI) system that provided water via capillary action through perlite from a reservoir maintained below the base of each cutting, and 3) a subfog (SF) aeroponic system that was configured to provide constant fog only to the rooting zone. To initiate each system, we wetted perlite or filled reservoirs using either water or quarter-strength Hoagland solution. Stem cuttings of ‘Wizard Mix’ coleus (Plectranthus scutellarioides) were propagated in the systems for 21 days. Cuttings in the SM system produced more than three times as many roots as cuttings in the OM system, with roots more than six times the length. Root dry weights averaged 28 mg for cuttings in the SM system, compared with only 3.5 mg among cuttings receiving OM. The SF and SI systems produced results broadly comparable to the OM. Fertilizer did not consistently improve rooting measures across the systems. Although we observed few fine roots on cuttings rooted using SM, they transplanted well into a soilless substrate and quickly produced new root growth. The SM systemused less than 1/5 the water used by the SI system, and less than 1/50 the water used by the SF system. In comparison, a single OM nozzle operating for 10 seconds released about onethird of the total water lost through transpiration from each SM system over the entire experiment. Our results show that SM systems merit further evaluation for propagation of plants by stem cuttings.
The contribution of HLA class I-mediated CD8+ T cell responses to HIV-1 immune control and evolution

CD8 + T cells are a critical component of the adaptive immune response to HIV infection. The CD8 + response is orchestrated by presentation of HIV peptides in association with HLA Class I molecules on the surface of infected cells. Disease outcome varies according to HLA phenotype, with some alleles being characteristically associated with sustained viraemic control, and others with more rapid progression to AIDS. In order to evade the CD8 + T cell response, HIV selects escape mutations that reduce or abrogate HLA Class I presentation or disrupt recognition by T cell receptors. These mutations often occur in predictable combinations, termed HLA 'footprints', in response to selection pressure imposed by specific alleles. In the setting of a recent failed T cell vaccine trial, these studies aim to improve characterisation of favourable CD8 + T cell responses and to investigate the impact of HLA footprints on future viral evolution. The analyses highlight the potential benefit of selection of mutations that impose a viral fitness cost. By partially crippling the virus, these polymorphisms can contribute to viraemic control. The evolutionary effects of an HLA footprint are shown to be significant both in mediating convergent evolution, and in driving patterns of viral evolution across global populations. Studies of HLA-B*35 in HIV demonstrate that Class I alleles can have differential impacts according to the subtype of infecting virus. In this instance, there is evidence of disease control mediated by CD8 + T cell responses to HIV Gag. Finally, this work explores in vitro viral suppression assays as a tool for quantifying the CD8 + T cell response in individual subjects, presenting optimisation of techniques for assessing bulk and individual HLA-Class I restricted responses to HIV. Overall, these data contribute to the development of an HIV vaccine by enhancing our understanding of a successful CD8 + T cell response, suggesting the need to consider immunogens that match the strain of infecting virus, and investigating in vitro methods for assessing vaccine outcomes.
Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on the Long-range Transport of Particulate PAHs in East Asia

Particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were continuously observed at Kanazawa University Wajima Air Monitoring Station (KUWAMS), a background site located in western Japan and downwind of mainland China that is constantly under the influence of polluted air masses originating from China The observations showed that the concentration of particulate PAHs at KUWAMS sharply dropped to the lowest level (62 pg m–3) of the cold season in the last 5 years after the implementation of COVID-19 control measures in China Despite the occasional dilution with clean air, the decrease in PAHs at KUWAMS reflected the reduction in emission intensity in China Moreover, the PAH concentrations at KUWAMS in February, March, and April of 2020 compared with the same period in the previous year decreased by 52 6%, 36 6%, and 36 7%, respectively These changes were consistent with the decline in SO2 and NO2 in northern China, which intensified during the control of COVID-19 and was slightly moderated after the resumption of work In addition, there was little change in the composition of PAHs at KUWAMS before and during the COVID-19 outbreak and compared with previous years, which suggests a stable source composition These findings emphasize the importance of decreased emission intensity in China for reducing long-range transport of PAHs and pollution levels in downwind areas © The Author(s)
Influence of host rock composition on permeability reduction in shallow fault zones – implications for fault seal analysis (Vienna Basin, Austria)

In order to calibrate equations for fault seal capacities to a specific basin, faults were analysed using core material from several Neogene hydrocarbon fields in the Vienna Basin, Austria. All studied specimens are siliciclastic rocks that were sampled from a depth interval of <2000 m, and share a similar depth at time of faulting, diagenetic conditions and maximum burial depth. Laboratory results showed a permeability reduction in all fault rocks compared to the host rocks. Both the highest and the lowest fault seal capacities were observed in the same fault rock type with a low phyllosilicate and clay content, and classifying as cataclastic deformation bands. Investigating the strong permeability variations within these fault rocks, microscopic analyses revealed that the fault seal potential is strongly linked to the detrital dolomite content in the host rock. Grain-size reduction processes occur preferably in the dolomite grains, accompanied by cementation. Our study suggests that – in addition to using standard fault seal analysis algorithms – accounting for host rock composition and grain-size reduction therein might help to further constrain fault seal behaviour in shallow depths. Fault seal mechanisms need to be understood on field, formation and micro scales before drawing conclusions for a full basin calibration. Thematic collection: This article is part of the Fault and top seals collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection. org/cc/fault-and-top-seals-2019
Management Path of Concrete Beam Bridge in China from the Perspective of Sustainable Development

More and more bridges have entered the maintenance stage, which has potential collapse hazards and threatens life and property safety. More attention has been paid to the improvement of maintenance management levels during the operation period in terms of extending the service life of the bridge, but less attention has been paid to it from the perspective of the whole life cycle. One hundred and ninety examples of concrete beam bridges in China were collected, based on which the collapse characteristics and collapse causes of concrete beam bridges were analyzed. The causes of bridge collapse come from all stages of bridge life cycle, including environmental factors and human factors. Moreover, the effects of the previous phase carry over to the next. Superficially, poor maintenance management during an operation led to bridge collapse. However, the root cause may have occurred at an earlier stage. On this basis, a fuzzy interpretation structure model (FISM) for concrete beam bridge deterioration is conducted. The model can decompose the complex and messy relationship among the factors of bridge collapse into a clear, multi–level and hierarchical structure. Compared with qualitative analysis, an ISM chart can directly reflect the relationship between collapse factors, which is convenient for further analysis. Poor maintenance management during operation is the direct cause, while improper planning, imperfect standards and weak supervision in the early stage are the fundamental causes. Finally, in order to improve the sustainability of concrete beam bridges scientifically, management suggestions are put forward for the participants involved in each stage of the bridge’s life cycle.
Meat properties and fatty acid profile of swine fed cashew bagasse bran in qualitative food restriction program

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of qualitative dietary restriction diet on carcass characteristics, meat quality, fatty acid profile, and performance of finishing pigs fed diets containing cashew bagasse bran. Forty pigs (20 females and 20 males) with initial weight of 60.00±5.24 kg of body weight (BW) were used. The diets were formulated with corn, soybean meal, cashew bagasse bran, vegetable oil, and mineral and vitamin mixture for finishing pigs. The experimental design was in [. ]
Organic compost as a conditioner of soils cultivated with yellow passion fruit

This research aimed to evaluate the effect of doses of organic compost on the yield and economic profitability of organic yellow passion fruit grown in sandy-loam and clay-loam soils. Two experiments were installed in the field, in different soil types and municipalities in the state of Acre. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with five treatments, four replications, and four plants per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of adding the compost as a replacement for 1/3 of the volume of cylindrical planting holes with 40 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm, 160 cm, and 200 cm, corresponding to the addition of 6.3; 25.1; 56.5; 100.4, and 156.9 liters per planting hole, respectively. The mean fruit mass and the yield of the yellow passion fruit were higher in sandy-loam soil. The total revenue was R$ 4,311.6 ha-1 in the clayey soil and R$ 5,841.9 ha-1 in the sandy soil. The total cost was higher in the clayey soil than in sandy soil. Both soils responded in quadratic function with an increase in the cost as the volume of organic compost was increased, ranging from R$ 12,736.00 ha-1 with 6.3 liters of compost per hole up to R$ 26,249.63 ha-1 with 156.9 liters of compost per hole. Net income was negative for all compost volumes in both types of soil, responding linearly, with a reduction in revenue of R$ 80.82 ha-1 with the addition of each liter of compost in the pit due to the low yield caused by period long drought.
Parents’ Part C Experiences in Rural Areas: Alignment With Recommended Practices

The Division for Early Childhood (DEC) clearly outlined recommended practices for the provision of Part C services. However, there may be challenges in rural areas associated with services aligning with these recommended practices. Therefore, this study focuses on how families experience Part C services and the extent to which services align with specific areas the DEC recommended practices in the large, rural state of Montana. We interviewed parents (N = 30) about their children’s Part C services. Deductive qualitative content analysis was used. Parents’ reports suggest that while some aspects of their Part C services align with specific recommended practices, others do not. There were some meaningful differences regarding alignment with these recommended practices depending on type of provider being described. The environments in which services take place are discussed, as these may influence aspects of collaboration and building family capacity.
The value of supply chain integration in the Latin American agri-food industry: trust, commitment and performance outcomes

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the antecedents and performance outcomes of supply chain integration in the agri-food industry in Latin America, a context that the literature on supply chain management has not extensively addressed. The quinoa supply chain, an industry that has encountered a boost in market demand in the past year, is selected as the unit of analysis. Supply chain integration dynamics are analyzed to provide recommendations about integration strategies and benefits in the agricultural sector.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual model was designed in this study, which includes the drivers (i.e. trust and commitment) and outcomes (i.e. operational and economic performance) of supply chain integration. The relationships were verified through a unique survey, the data of which were collected from 79 respondents operating at different levels of the Peruvian quinoa supply chain (i.e. suppliers, producers and customers). The proposed hypotheses were tested through the partial least squares (PLS) regression.FindingsThe results underscore the relevance of trust and commitment as enablers of supply chain integration initiatives in the agri-food industry. These factors are particularly essential for involving the farmers who are the most upstream actors in the supply chain and characterized by unstructured organizations. A high level of integration in these types of supply chain enhances the capacity to improve operational performance, which in turns positively affects the main economic indicators.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the discussion of supply chain integration in the agri-food industry, which remains unexplored thus far. It relies on a multitier collection of responses, which is extended to all the levels of the quinoa supply chain, thereby providing the study with a unique depth of analysis. Furthermore, this work contributes to the ongoing discourse on the performance impact of supply chain integration, which several SCM scholars have recently questioned.
Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Biological Aspects as A New Alien Invasive Pest in Egypt

The present study may be the first attempt in Egypt which devoted to studying the biological aspects of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). The study was conducted under laboratory conditions (26 ±1°C and 65 % R.H.) at the Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, South Vally University, Qena Governorate, Egypt. The results included both hatchability (%) and incubation period (days) for egg stage; larval duration (days), pupation %, larval mortality %, malformed larvae %, and normal larvae % for the larval stage. While, the pupal duration, normal pupae %, malformed pupae %, pupal weight (gm), malformed pupae %, pupal mortality %, and emergence % for the pupal stage. Adult malformation %, sex ratio %, adult longevity (days), male longevity, female longevity, pre- oviposition period, oviposition period, post -oviposition period, fecundity (No. eggs/ ♂) and fertility % for the adult stage. The study of the biological aspects of the fall armyworm as a new invasive pest came to Egypt from the of South Africa countries is very important in order to determine the stages of life history to contribute to the planning IPM strategies for this dangerous pest in the absence of any local information about it