Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Magnetorheological Damper with Bifold Valves for Shock and Vibration Mitigation

This study presents the design and fabrication of a flow-mode bifold magnetorheological (MR) damper for shock and vibration mitigation for high piston velocity (15 mph or 6.75 m/s) as well as an evaluation of its performance at low speed. Based on a Bingham-plastic (BP) model, as well as a BP model coupled with a low speed hysteresis model, two theoretical MR damper models for flow-mode MR dampers are constructed. Using the design strategy associated with the Bingham-model based damper model, two MR damper designs for achieving the performance requirement with a limited space are considered: first, the conventional MR damper that has an MR valve inside the piston head and second, the bifold MR damper that has MR valves at each end of the damper. After numerically comparing the damping performances of the two MR damper designs, the bifold MR damper has been chosen because its dynamic range is better at high speed. The bifold MR damper was tested at a relatively low piston velocity using an MTS testing machine under sinusoidal loading. Experimental data compare well with the results predicted by the theoretical models.
Utilization of Electronic Waste for Energy-saving Lamp Circuits

Indonesia is one of the largest electronic consumer countries in the world. The negative impact unless the increase in the use of electrical energy, there is also an increase in electronic waste or e-waste. If electronic waste (e-waste) is not managed properly, it will cause its own problems, especially environmental health problems. One alternative to overcome these problems is the use of e-waste as a raw material for a series of Waste-Based Energy Saving Lamps, abbreviated as SLHE BBL. This study aims to develop SLHE BBL prototypes base on electric and electronics waste, and test the performance of SLHE BBL prototypes. The SLHE BBL method developed by research and development adapted from Borg & Gall with the following stages: First, needs analysis and product planning; Second: Initial product development, validation and initial product revision. Third: Product development, testing, product revision. Fourth: Finalization dan Dissemination. The research instrument consisted of an observation sheet, luxmeter, voltmeter, ammeter, multimeter, watt meter. The collected data was then analyzed quantitatively and descriptively. The results of the research are as follows: 1) waste that can be recycled into raw materials for SLHE BBL include: resistors, capacitors, LED lights on computer mice or electronic component indicators, used goods casings, adapters, diodes, cables, TV’s control remote; 2) Electrical and mechanical design of SLHE BBL can be assembled into prototype of SLHE BBL; 3) The performance of the SLHE BBL prototype is that the lamp can be adjusted in colour and light intensity; the measured electrical parameters are within the range in accordance with the provisions of electrical standards such as Perasyaratan Umum Instalasi Lstrik (PUIL), International Electrical Commisionin (IEC), or National Electrical Code (NEC)
Low speed car following behaviour from floating vehicle data

In this paper, an analysis of driver behaviour is reported focusing on car following separation at low speed traffic conditions. The data used for this analysis was collected using an instrumented vehicle in three European cities: Oslo (Norway), Paris (France) and Southampton (UK). The data collection covered a wide range of traffic conditions on urban motorways, urban arterial roads and urban streets. Time gaps and distance gaps in low speed traffic conditions were investigated and were compared with those in high speed traffic conditions. This research is part of the work of STARDUST, an EU project aimed at assessing the extent to which Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Automated Vehicle Guidance (AVG) systems can contribute to sustainable urban development. The results obtained will be fed into simulation models in the next stage of the project, to assess the impacts of selected ADAS systems in the urban applications.
Updated PGA, PGV, and Spectral Acceleration Attenuation Relations for Iran

We have developed updated attenuation relations for peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), and acceleration response spectra with 5% damping on the basis of the data (78 earthquakes and 351 records) pertaining to strong ground motion in Iran. Moment magnitude, distance, fault mechanism, site class, and zone were the model parameters considered. A term for the saturation of the acceleration amplitude was also used in the model in order to improve the estimations in near-source regions. A nonlinear regression analysis was performed to obtain the coefficients. A comparison between the data set used in the current study for Iran and two next generation attenuation (NGA) models showed good correlation between our model and the Campbell-Bozorgnia NGA model. The model described is applicable for moment magnitudes from 5.0 to 7.3, distances from 15 to 135 km, and site classes with an average shear-wave velocity at a subsurface depth of 30 m (AVS30) of more than 175 m/s.
Dispersion and noise of 1.3 mu m multimode lasers in microwave digital systems

The intensity noise and the performance in a 1.7 Gb/s digital system of 1.3 mu m InGaAsP multilongitudinal mode lasers is discussed. The total intensity noise, mode partitioning, and the impact of dispersion on optical noise are measured. It is found that under CW conditions the total simulated emission from unpackaged lasers is inherently quiet, with an integrated optical signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 26.8+or-1.5 dB over a bandwidth of 1.5 GHz and 5 mW/facet. The optical SNR decreased as a function of increasing reflection. Intense mode partitioning decreased the SNR of the main mode by approximately 20 dB and reduced the effective coherence length to approximately 2 cm in glass fiber. At 1.7 Gb/s, the power penalities associated with laser bias and fiber dispersion are reported. The best receiver sensitivity is obtained when the laser is biased 1.3 mA below threshold. In general, it is found that as the bit rate increases, the optimum transmitter design becomes progressively more restrictive. >
Energy Conservation Measures of a Primary Data Center on an Academic Campus

Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) of the primary data center at the University of Maryland are developed. Measurement and simulation are performed to validate the developed ECMs. Three ECMs — 1) Increase in the return temperature at Computer Room Air Conditionings (CRACs) 2) Cold aisle containment 3) Elimination of unnecessary CRACs — are suggested to reduce energy consumption by optimizing the thermo-fluid flow in the data center. Power savings of 12.7 kW – 17.4 kW and 14.1 kW are obtained by increasing the return air temperatures at the CRACs and performing the cold aisle containment, respectively. In addition, a power saving of 11.2 kW is obtained by turning off CRACs 3 and 8 which have an adverse effect on the data center cooling.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
What’s Behind the Elephant’s Trunk? Identifying Young Stellar Objects on the Outskirts of IC 1396

Empirically, the estimated lifetime of a typical protoplanetary disk is <5–10 Myr. However, the disk lifetimes required to produce a variety of observed exoplanetary systems may exceed this timescale. Some hypothesize that this inconsistency is due to estimating disk fractions at the cores of clusters, where radiation fields external to a star–disk system can photoevaporate the disk. To test this, we have observed a field on the western outskirts of the IC 1396 star-forming region with XMM-Newton to identify new Class III YSO cluster members. Our X-ray sample is complete for YSOs down to 1.8 M ⊙. We use a subset of these X-ray sources that have near- and mid-infrared counterparts to determine the disk fraction for this field. We find that the fraction of X-ray-detected cluster members that host disks in the field we observe is 17−7+10% (1σ), comparable with the 29−3+4% found in an adjacent field centered on the cometary globule IC 1396A. We reevaluate YSO identifications in the IC 1396A field using Gaia parallaxes compared to previous color-cut-only identifications, finding that incorporating independent distance measurements provides key additional constraints. Given the existence of at least one massive star producing an external radiation field in the cluster core, the lack of a statistically significant difference in disk fraction in each observed field suggests that disk lifetimes remain consistent as a function of distance from the cluster core.
Characteristics of Tip Clearance Flow Instability in a Transonic Compressor

In the present study, unsteady flow phenomena due to tip clearance flow instability in a modern transonic axial compressor rotor are studied in detail. First, unsteady flow characteristics due the oscillating tip clearance vortex measured with the particle image velocimetry (PIV) and casing-mounted unsteady pressure transducers are analyzed and compared to numerical results with a large eddy simulation (LES). Then, measured characteristic frequencies of the unsteady flow near stall operation are investigated. The overall purpose of the study is to advance the current understanding of the unsteady flow field near the blade tip in an axial transonic compressor rotor near the stall operating condition. Flow interaction between the tip leakage vortex and the passage shock is inherently unsteady in a transonic compressor. The currently applied PIV measurements indicate that the flow near the tip region is unsteady even at the design condition. This self-induced unsteadiness increases significantly as the compressor operates toward the stall condition. PIV data show that the tip clearance vortex oscillates substantially near stall. The calculated unsteady characteristics from LES agree well with the PIV measurements. Calculated unsteady flow fields show that the formation of the tip clearance vortex is intermittent and the concept of vortex breakdown from steady flow analysis does not seem to apply in the current flow field. Fluid with low momentum near the pressure side of the blade close to the leading edge periodically spills over into the adjacent blade passage. The spectral analysis of measured end wall and blade surface pressure shows that there are two dominant frequencies near stall. One frequency is about 40-60% of the rotor rotation and the other dominant frequency is about 40-60% of the blade passing frequency (BPF). The first frequency represents the movement of a large blockage over several consecutive blade passages against the rotor rotation. The second frequency represents traditional tip flow instability, which has been widely observed in subsonic compressors. The LES simulations show that the second frequency is due to movement of the instability vortex.
Fully integrated magnetically actuated micromachined relays

A fully integrated magnetically actuated micromachined relay has been successfully fabricated and tested. This particular device uses a single-layer coil to actuate a movable upper magnetically responsive platform. The minimum current for actuation was 180 mA, resulting in an actuation power of 33 mW. Devices have been tested which can make and break 1.2 A of current through the relay contacts when the relay is electromagnetically switched. Operational lifetimes in excess of 850000 operations have been observed. Contact resistances as low as 22.4 m/spl Omega/ have been observed under electromagnetic actuation. Magnetic and structural finite-element (FE) simulations have been performed using ANSYS to calculate both the actuation and contact forces.
Seismic Behavior Prediction of Flanged Unreinforced Masonry (FURM) Walls

In most available studies, unreinforced masonry (URM) walls are idealized as rectangular sections, while in reality walls have effective sectional shapes such as C, I, T, and L. In this article, the results of experimental and analytical assessment of flange effects on the behavior of I- and C-shaped URM walls are reported. Four clay brick walls at half scale were tested. Two specimens were designed with I- and C-shaped sections, and for comparison, two additional specimens were designed without flanges. The tests showed that under constant axial load the strength of the I-shaped wall increases, but that of the C-shaped wall decreases, because of out-of-plane distortion effects. Despite the loss of strength, both flanged walls indicated almost similar initial stiffness, deformation capacity, and mode of failure in comparison with walls without flanges. A mixed-mode analytical model is proposed to predict the lateral force displacement curve of flanged URM (FURM) walls. The proposed analytical model is based on section analysis of the walls and shows good agreement with previous experimental results.
Contacts conduction and switching in DC levels

Electrical contact conduction and switching capacity are described by contact resistance and subsequent erosion due to arcing. Measurement of these parameters is therefore useful for testing contact materials under various conditions and applications. In various areas, nominal contact resistance, minimum erosion and material transfer are required with low cost materials working in a wide range of currents from 1 mA - 50 A and forces (1 to 200 N). In this paper we review our studies made during the last 10 years. We relate contact resistance versus force both in their initial state and during aging under fretting, climatic constraint and switching current conditions. The main results are that the contact resistance can be predicted by the experimental and theoretical law R/sub c/ = k/sub c/F/sub c//sup -n/ where the constants k/sub c/ and n are related to material resistivity and contact shape characteristics. Furthermore, contact resistance enhancement during fretting and climatic tests are reported. Concerning arcing on break, it is found that anodic arcs occur at current levels below the common minimum arc current At higher currents and voltages (>2 A and >14 V) cathodic long arc durations appear and their durations seem to be linear with current. Material performance studies show that the AgSnO/sub 2/ family is adequate for short arcs and AgZnO is more appropriate for long arcs.
Moisture safety in ventilated cathedral roofs

Cathedral roofs are commonly used when constructing small houses in Sweden. In contrast to roof constructions with a cold attic, where frequent moisture damage has been noted, the cathedral roof is difficult to access for inspection. Furthermore, Swedish building regulations sets high demands regarding moisture safety, although there are no clear guidelines for their compliance. Hence, designing a cathedral roof must be done with great care. Previous studies investigating moisture safety in cathedral roofs, applies a constant air exchange in the ventilated air cavity. In this study a cathedral roof, ventilated from eave to eave, was analysed by examining the relevance of considering the variation in cavity air flow when conducting coupled heat and moisture calculations. The varied cavity air flow was calculated in an air flow model, considering wind and thermal buoyancy as driving forces. The accuracy of moisture safety assessments using the MRD model via hygrothermal calculations in WUFI Pro were also studied. Comparing moisture calculations with measurements showed high similarity when using a model with constant cavity air flow, and even higher resemblance when using a model with varied air flow. When actual conditions are sought, the study indicated that pinpointing important parameters, such as initial moisture content and moisture related material properties, would further increase precision in moisture calculations.
ERDBNet: Enhanced Residual Dense Block Net --A New Net to Rich ESRGAN Image Details

Super resolution is applied in many digital image fields. In many cases, only a set of low-resolution images can be obtained, but the image needs a higher resolution, and then SR needs to be applied. SR technology has undergone years of development. Among them, SRGAN is the key work to introduce GAN into the SR field, which can truly restore a large number of details on the basis of low-pixel pictures. ESRGAN is a further improvement on SRGAN. By removing the BN layer in SRGAN, the effect of artifacts in SRGAN is eliminated. However, there is still a problem that the restoration of information on small and medium scales is not accurate enough. The proposed ERDBNet improve the model on the basis of ESRGAN, and use the ERDB block to replace the original RRDB block. The new structure uses a three-layer dense block to replace the original dense block, and a residual structure of the starting point is added to each dense block. The pre-trained network can reach a PSNR of 30.425 after 200k iterations, and the minimum floating PSNR is only 30.213. Compared with the original structure, it is more stable and performs better in the detail recovery of many low-pixel images.
Literature review of fungi in buildings and their ability to methylate chlorophenols into malodorous chloroanisoles

A source of indoor malodor in older buildings are chloroanisoles, a methylation from chlorophenols. Chlorophenols were commonly used in wood preservatives 50 years ago which were used to treat construction details exposed to high moisture loads. The methylation process requires a methylator in the form of fungi or bacteria in conjunction with adequate growth conditions for said fungi. The food industry has a history of issues with chloroanisoles contaminating different food items. There have been studies made on fungi species found in the packaging materials or surfaces in proximity and their ability to methylate various chlorophenols. Different species of fungi are present in many places, not only packaging materials but also various building materials. A literature review has been made in this study to compare fungi species able to methylate chlorophenols and their potential occurrence in wooden construction details in buildings. Two species were found to be considered strong methylators and also commonly found in wooden constructions, Aspergillus versicolor and Paecilomyces variotii. The properties of these fungi will be used for future studies of the conditions achievable in wooden constructions where the historic wood preservatives were likely used.
Deposition of aerially applied spray to a stream within a vegetative barrier

Drift of aerially applied forest herbicides can result in chemical deposition to streams. Riparian vegetation is expected to attenuate drift, but there is little corresponding data. A field study was conducted in the Coast Range west of Corvallis, Oregon, to evaluate the effectiveness of forested riparian buffers. The buffers studied are typical of those used for small and medium fish-bearing streams in western Oregon as mandated by the Oregon Forest Practices Act. A helicopter sprayed two tracers over four transects. Twenty trials were conducted, resulting in over 1400 tracer samples. Results confirm that these vegetative barriers are effective at reducing deposition into streams. Reduction of deposition on artificial foliage samplers placed immediately above the stream surface ranged from 37% to 99% and averaged 92%. Reductions were less clear in stable atmospheric conditions due to low wind speed and highly variable wind directions. Low wind speed conditions are not generally high-drift scenarios, but there is evidence that drift of suspended droplets beyond the barrier, comprising a small fraction of the total mass, increases in stable conditions.
Research and Simulation of Handover Algorithm in Mobile Communication System

In order to improve the handover rate and quickly handover the target cell, the handover control algorithm of the mobile communication system is explored, and the handover algorithm that combines signal strength and signal quality is researched. At the same time, it is experimentally demonstrated, and the handover user and the new user will be connected. The influence of the entry control threshold setting on the system was compared.
The Research of GIS Discharge Influence Based on Particle Properties in Installation Environment

In order to explore the influence of atmospheric free particles that exit during GIS installation on the stable operation of GIS, the size, shape and inner properties of the particles contained in the air are analyzed. And based on 500kV GIS equipment, the GIS gas chamber model and the model of free particles were established. By using the finite element simulation software, the surface electric field distribution when the free particles remain on the insulator surface is solved. The results show that the electric field distribution of particles which exist along the surface of insulator is directly related to the relative permittivity of the material of the particles themselves, and the intensity of the electric field along the surface increases with the increase of the relative permittivity. with the fact that the relative permittivity of air particles is almost below 20, as a result, the existence of 10µm grade non-metallic free particles will not cause flashover discharge. But, when a small number of Fe3O4 particles which size over 1mm or when them accumulate regularly, it will lead to flashover discharge. Therefore, the suspended atmospheric particles in the installation environment have little impact on the stable operation of GIS. When considering the installation environmental conditions, the installation can be carried out on a clear, windless day which can save costs.
EFFECTS OF FLOW AND GEOMETRY PARAMETERS ON SHOCK-WAVE BOUNDARY-LAYER INTERACTION PHENOMENA

The effects of flow and geometry parameters on shock-wave boundary-layer interaction phenomena over two-dimensional configurations were deeply studied, in wind-tunnel as well as in freeflight conditions, by means of both numerical and experimental investigation techniques. The influence of flap deflection, leading edge shape, Reynolds number and equilibrium real gas assumption was analyzed in function of the wall to total temperature ratio Tw/To- Interesting scaling laws were verified or established for separation characteristics, dynamic and thermal loads, and aerodynamic performance, that could be useful to the designer of hypersonic vehicles.
A data-based machine learning approach for RPC time resolution study based on ToF reconstruction

A data-based machine learning approach is proposed to study the properties of time resolution of RPC detectors by measuring the time of flight of cosmic muons. This method utilises a multi-layer perceptron and a type of recurrent neural network called long short-term memory. The neural network is trained with the waveforms of RPC signals digitized by an oscilloscope at a sampling frequency of 10 GHz and a 2 GHz bandwidth. A data augmentation approach is implemented for labelling. Compared to the results from conventional waveform analysis, this approach achieves a better time resolution of 1-mm gap RPCs. Based on the data, the approach has a generalisation capacity for performance studies of other timing detectors.
Water vapour permeability of wood – remarks on cup method procedure and measured data of spruce wood

Although the water vapour permeability of wood has been determined many times, there can be found a wide spread of values even related to only one wood specie and its single anatomical direction. This spread can possibly be attributed to the measurement method itself, since the cup method often shows high inter-laboratory error. However, even if the measurement and evaluation processes are well performed and under control, there were found several factors that can still highly affect the resulting value – up to ca. 70 %. These factors are neither mentioned in standards, nor were found in other sources. This paper theoretically describes those factors and their possible impact to the final value of water vapour permeability. Paper also presents one particular measurement scheme and obtained data from four cup tests performed on spruce wood in transverse direction.