Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A DETECTION OF UNFAIRNESS ONLINE REVIEWS USING DEEP LEARNING

In Today's internet world, online activities are growing exponentially and generating a tremendous number of online reviews and ratings, which are a valuable source of information for customers primarily associated with the purchase of marketing, selecting a restaurant, finding products, health, and services, etc. Therefore, online reviews are a crucial part of people's everyday decisions on what to buy, where to buy, where to eat, where to stay, which doctors to see, and what to select based on positive, negative, and neutral. Fake reviews not only mislead innocent clients and influence customers' choice, leading to inaccurate descriptions and sales. However, there is still a significant requirement for a survey that can examine and summarize the various methodologies that are now available. This paper summarizes the existing datasets and the techniques they have acquired to represent the task of fake review detection. In addition, it examines the various feature extraction strategies that are currently available. Finally, we discuss the present gaps in this research area and potential coming directions in this field. We analyze and compare two various features extraction strategies and six various machine classification techniques.
MIT Open Access Articles A New Condition for Convergence in Continuous-Time Consensus Seeking Systems

—We consider continuous-time consensus seeking systems whose time-dependent interactions are cut-balanced, in the following sense: if a group of agents inﬂuences the remaining ones, the former group is also inﬂuenced by the remaining ones by at least a proportional amount. Models involving symmetric interconnections and models in which a weighted average of the agent values is conserved are special cases. We present a result guaranteeing the convergence of every cut-balanced system, and giving a sufﬁcient condition on the evolving interaction topology for the limit values of two agents to be the same. This condition is also necessary up to a zero-measure subset of the initial conditions. Using the fact that our convergence requires no additional condition, we show that it also applies to systems where the agent connectivity and interactions are random, or endogenous, that is, determined by the agent values. We also derive corresponding results for discrete-time systems.
Outcome at 14 years of extremely low birthweight infants: a regional study

Objectives —To determine the neurosensory outcome at 14 years of age of a regional cohort of extremely low birth-weight (ELBW) children, to contrast their prognosis with normal birthweight (NBW) controls, and to determine the predictive value of assessments earlier in childhood. Design —Geographically determined
Engineered Mice of Choroid Plexus Carcinoma in Genetically Computer-Assisted, MR Angiographic Study Malignancy-Associated Vessel Tortuosity: A

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The ability to assess tumor malignancy and monitor treatment response noninvasively would be of value to both clinicians and animal investigators. This report describes the MR imaging characteristics of a genetically engineered mouse model of choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) during tumor growth and progression to malignancy. We assess the ability of vessel tortuosity measurements, as calculated from high-resolution MR angiographic (MRA) images, to detect emerging CPC cancers. METHODS: MR images of 9 healthy mice and of 20 CPC mice with precancerous choroid dysplasia or with cancer over a wide range of sizes were analyzed. Two vessel tortuosity measures and a measure of vessel attenuation (vessel count) were calculated from MRA images. Malignancy assessment was based upon a statistical analysis of vessel tortuosity, by using an equation derived from an earlier study of human brain tumor patients. RESULTS: Choroid dysplasia was correctly judged nonmalignant. On the basis of vessel count, neoangiogenesis could not be detected until cancers were full-blown and had reached a volume of approximately 80 mm 3 . Vessel tortuosity measurements, however, correctly identified emerging malignancy in lesions larger than 0.3 mm 3 . CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this report provides the first description of in vivo, MR imaging characteristics of genetically engineered CPC mice during the progression from dysplasia to cancer. Vessel tortuosity measurements offer promise of correctly defining even tiny tumors as malignant.
Development of Elastic Nanovesicles for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Nebivolol Hydrochloride

Ab stract-T he present investigation is to prepare and evaluate transfersomal Nebivolol hydrochloride transdermal patches. Rotary evaporation process was used to prepare the nanocarriers. Soya lecithin when used in conjunction with Labrosol was proven to be an effective edge activator for the manufacture of Nebivolol hydrochloride nanocarriers. Several characteristics of the produced nanocarriers were measured, including size, entrapment efficiency, Zeta potential, and photodynamic interference. A design expert programme called DOE (central composite design) was used to optimise the formulations that were chosen. The improved formulation (40% w/v Labrosol and 68% w/v soya lecithin) exhibited particle sizes of 1434.5nm, Zeta value of -39.8, and a percent Entrapment effectiveness of 96 percent, among other characteristics.
Data-driven subtypes of major depressive disorder

Background: High rates of psychiatric comorbidity are subject of debate: to what extent do they depend on classification choices such as diagnostic thresholds? This paper investigates the influence of different thresholds on rates of comorbidity between major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Methods: Point prevalence of comorbidity between MDD and GAD was measured in 74,092 subjects from the general population (LifeLines) according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) criteria. Comorbidity rates were compared for different thresholds by varying the number of necessary criteria from ≥1 to all 9 symptoms for MDD, and from ≥1 to all 7 symptoms for GAD. Results: According to DSM-thresholds, 0.86% had MDD only, 2.96% GAD only and 1.14% both MDD and GAD (odds ratio (OR) 42.6). Lower thresholds for MDD led to higher rates of comorbidity (1.44% for ≥4 of 9 MDD-symptoms, OR 34.4), whereas lower thresholds for GAD hardly influenced comorbidity (1.16% for ≥3 of 7 GAD-symptoms, OR 38.8). Specific symptom distributions explained this finding: 37.3% of subjects with core criteria of MDD and GAD reported subthreshold MDD symptoms, whereas only 7.6% reported subthreshold GAD symptoms. Conclusions: Lower thresholds for MDD increased comorbidity with GAD, but not vice versa, owing to specific symptom distributions in the population. Generally, comorbidity rates result from both empirical symptom distributions and classification choices and cannot be reduced to either of these exclusively. This insight invites further research into the formation of disease concepts that allow for reliable predictions and targeted therapeutic interventions.
Ganglia and Cerebral White Matter Bilateral Germinoma Involving the Basal

Summary: We describe radiologic findings of germinoma involving bilateral basal ganglia and cerebral white matter. In the early stage, T1-weighted MR images showed hyper-intense areas in the bilateral globi pallidi. Later, T2-weighted images showed hyperintense areas involving bi-lateral white matter. The MR imaging findings reported here could help facilitate the early diagnosis of germ cell tumors in young patients.
Differences in clinical features between vestibular migraine, migraine with vestibular symptoms, and migraine without vestibular symptoms: A cross-sectional study

Background: Vestibular migraine (VM) is associated with a higher central sensitization than migraines without vestibular symptoms. VM and migraines with vestibular symptoms (MwVS) may share a similar disorder spectrum, as no differences in clinical features have been found, apart from disability. Patients with VM experience �uctuating mechanical pain thresholds and vestibular symptoms even without migraine attacks, suggesting persistent central sensitization. We hypothesized that interictal allodynia or hyperalgesia, which are indicative of persistent central sensitization, could be used to differentiate between VM, MwVS, and migraine without vestibular symptoms, that is, migraine only (MO). This study aimed to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of VM, MwVS, and MO during the interictal phase and to determine whether VM exhibits more interictal allodynia/hyperalgesia than MwVS and MO. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled consecutive migraineurs aged 18–65 years who were assigned into the VM, MwVS, and MO groups and administered a structured questionnaire comprising diagnostic questions for migraine, VM, and associated variables. Clinical variables were compared among the three groups. After con�rming data normality, variables were compared using appropriate tests. A multivariate logistic regression identi�ed signi�cant VM-associated variables, applying backward stepwise selection. Results were considered statistically signi�cant when the two-tailed p-values < 0.05. The presence of interictal widespread pressure hyperalgesia (IWPH) was determined using a manual tender point survey as an alternative to the quantitative sensory testing method, which is the gold standard. Results: Overall, 163 patients, of which 31 (19%), 54 (33.1%), and 78 (47.9%) were assigned to the VM, MwVS, and MO groups, respectively, were included in this study. Post-hoc comparison revealed that aura, tender point count, and IWPH were signi�cantly associated with VM compared to MwVS. Multivariate logistic regression con�rmed that aura and IWPH were independent and signi�cant predictors of VM.
Competition of the active roots of Cassia siamea Lam. and Zea mays L.(cv.Katumani Composite B) in an alley cropping trial in semi arid Kenya

A study on root competition in alley cropping was carried out in an agroforestry system, involving Cassia siamea Lam. and maize ( Zea mays L. cv. Katumani composite B). The existence and intensity of root competition in the top soil as manifested by the distribution of the active roots of cassia and maize, in space and time, was assessed. The root length density of maize was far greater than that of cassia in the upper 10 cm, implying that cassia was not competing with maize for water and/or nutrients at that depth. However, at maize crop tasselling and grain filling stages there was a marked overlap of roots of the two plants at lower depths (20—50 cm). This varied with distance from the cassia hedge in a way that there was a tendency for highest overlap near middle maize rows. This partly explained observed yield differences. Therefore cassia may not be a suitable choice for alley cropping with maize under semi\|arid conditions on non\|sloping land, unless most of its active roots can be properly managed to absorb resources below the feeding rhizosphere of the active maize roots.
author-version of: In vivo observation and biophysical interpretation of time-dependent diffusion in human white matter

The presence of micrometer-level restrictions leads to a decrease of diffusion coefficient with diffusion time. Here we investigate this effect in human white matter in vivo . We focus on a broad range of diffusion times, up to 600 ms, covering diffusion length scales up to about 30 microns. We perform stimulated echo diffusion tensor imaging on 5 healthy volunteers and observe a relatively weak time-dependence in diffusion transverse to major fiber tracts. Remarkably, we also find notable time-dependence in the longitudinal direction. Comparing models of diffusion in ordered, confined and disordered media, we argue that the time-dependence in both directions can arise due to structural disorder , such as axonal beads in the longitudinal direction, and the random packing geometry of fibers within a bundle in the transverse direction. These time-dependent effects extend beyond a simple picture of Gaussian compartments, and may lead to novel markers that are specific to neuronal fiber geometry at the micrometer scale.
ResearchOnline@ND ResearchOnline@ND

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic disease with repeated exacerbations resulting in gradual debilitation. The quality of life has been shown to be poor in patients with COPD despite efforts to improve self-management. However, the evidence on the benefit of self-management in COPD is conflicting. Whether this could be due to other unmet needs of patients have not been investigated. Therefore, we aimed to explore unmet needs of patients from both patients and doctors managing COPD. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study with doctors and patients in Malaysia. We used convenience sampling to recruit patients until data saturation. Eighteen patients and eighteen doctors consented and were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and checked by the interviewers. Data were analysed using a thematic approach. Results: The themes were similar for both the patients and doctors. Three main themes emerged: knowledge and awareness of COPD, psychosocial and physical impact of COPD and the utility of self-management. Knowledge about COPD was generally poor. Patients were not familiar with the term chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD. The word ‘ asthma ’ was used synonymously with COPD by both patients and doctors. Most patients experienced difficulties in their psychosocial and physical functions such as breathlessness, fear and helplessness. Most patients were not confident in self-managing their illness and prefer a more passive role with doctors directing their care. Conclusions: In conclusion, our study showed that knowledge of COPD is generally poor. There was mislabelling of COPD as asthma by both patients and physicians. This could have resulted in the lack of understanding of treatment options, outcomes, and prognosis of COPD. The misconception that cough due to COPD was contagious, and breathlessness that resulted from COPD, had important physical and psychosocial impact, and could lead to social isolation. Most patients and physicians did not favour self-management approaches, suggesting innovations based on self-management may be of limited benefit.
A POWER AWARE PROBABILISTIC CLUSTER HEAD SELECTION STRATEGY FOR IOT ENABLED DEVICES ON AGICUTURAL APPLICATIONS FOR TYPESETTING

IoT enabled devices are becoming highly popular in various domains of industrial and domestic usages. The gain in the popularity is primarily due to the higher adoptability to the situations, effective mobility, availability of the applications for managing data collected from the IoT devices. Also, few of the IoT implementations have demonstrated significant improvements for open IoT stack deployment using Wireless Sensor Networks, which is again accelerated the growth of adaptations. Nonetheless, the IoT enabled device implementations comes with fundamental challenges due to group or cluster-based aggregations. The primary challenge is low battery life due to the higher computational loads and due to the proximity-based load distribution during cluster head-oriented computations. This issue is more prominent for the IoT enabled device deployments for agricultural purposes due to the huge size of the deployment site. Number of research attempts aimed to solve this problem in the recent times. Nevertheless, the existing solutions are highly criticized for higher complexity for deployment and adaptations. Hence, this work proposes a novel solution to balanced workload distribution using probabilistic and regression-based analysis, which results into a highly energy efficient and time efficient cluster head node selection strategy. The probabilistic selection strategy is integrated and optimized with the regression driven analysis to ensure highly random selection and at the same time highly effective selection based on various parameters such as mobility, computational capacity, proximity, and memory consistency. As a result, this strategy demonstrates nearly 92% improvements for time efficiency and nearly 94% improvements for energy efficiency compared with the parallel research outcomes.
Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice

The definition and framing of legal competencies affects how lawyers learn and enact their roles and forms a necessary site of engagement in evaluating the relationship between law and justice. Drawing on two community-based studies with members of marginalized communities and lawyers and advocates who work with those communities, we outline the need for a transformation of the idea of legal competencies to emphasize relationality, critical reflection, and deep attention to context. We argue that such a change is a necessary precursor to meaningful engagement with access to justice by the legal profession. La définition et la formulation des compétences juridiques touchent la façon dont les avocats apprennent et jouent leurs rôles et constituent une première étape obligatoire aux fins de l’évaluation de la relation entre le droit et la justice. En nous fondant sur deux études menées auprès de membres de collectivités marginalisées ainsi qu’auprès d’avocats et de représentants qui travaillent avec ces personnes, nous expliquons pourquoi il est nécessaire de transformer l’idée des compétences juridiques afin de mettre l’accent sur la relation, sur la réflexion critique et sur l’attention à porter au contexte. Nous affirmons que ce changement est nécessaire pour que les membres de la profession juridique s’engagent de manière significative à améliorer l’accès à la justice.
Evaluating User Adoption on Salesperson Mobile Apps by Using Ttf and Utaut

The banking industry is one of the industries affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. The reason is that as a provider of financial services, the Bank will be very dependent on customer growth. This growth is achieved by establishing an intensive direct relationship with its customers, which is a challenge during the pandemic. One of the largest national private banks in Indonesia was developed mobile application for supporting their sales' daily work, named OS. With OS application sales can manage their pipeline digitally, get promotion info easily, do opening account independently, and get customer's information on their hand. However, the level of user adoption is still very low, this is a concern of management. This study is intended to see what factors influence the level of user adoption of using OS applications. By using two frameworks, UTAUT and TTF, we want to see the level of user adoption, which is more comprehensive regarding the use of OS applications by sales at Bank XYZ. The results show that there is a correlation between TTF and UTAUT structures. Technology characteristics have a large impact on effort expectations, and task technology suitability has a clear impact on performance expectations. © 2022 Little Lion Scientific.
Large contribution of boreal upland forest soils to a catchment‐scale CH4 balance in a wet year

Upland forest soils affect the atmospheric methane (CH4) balance, not only through the soil sink but also due to episodic high emissions in wet conditions. We measured methane fluxes and found that during a wet fall the forest soil turned from a CH4 sink into a large source for several months, while the CH4 emissions from a nearby wetland did not increase. When upscaled to the whole catchment area the contribution of forests amounted to 60% of the annual CH4 emission from the wetlands, while in a normal year the forest soil consumes 10% of the wetland emission. The period of high upland soil emission was also captured by the nearby atmospheric concentration measurement station. Since the land cover within the catchment is representative of larger regions, our findings imply that upland forests in the boreal zone constitute an important part in the global CH4 cycle not previously accounted for.
Impact of surface turbulent ﬂuxes on the formation of convective rolls in a Mediterranean windstorm

Convective rolls contribute largely to the exchange of momentum, sensible heat and moisture in the boundary layer. They have been shown to reinforce air-sea interaction under strong wind conditions. This raises the question of how surface turbulent ﬂuxes can, in turn, aﬀect the rolls. Representing the air-sea exchanges during extreme wind conditions is a major challenge in weather prediction and can lead to large uncertainties in surface wind speed. The sensitivity of rolls to diﬀerent representations of surface ﬂuxes is investigated using Large Eddy Simulations. The study focuses on the Mediterranean windstorm Adrian, where convective rolls resulting from thermal and dynamical instabilities are responsible for the transport of strong winds to the surface. Considering sea spray in the parameterization of surface ﬂuxes signiﬁcantly inﬂuences roll morphology. Sea spray increases heat ﬂuxes and favors convection. With this more pronounced thermal instability, the rolls are 30 \ % narrower and extend over a greater height, and the downward transport of momentum is intensiﬁed by 40 \ %, resulting in higher wind speeds at the surface. Convective rolls vanish within a few minutes in the absence of momentum ﬂuxes, which maintain the wind shear necessary for their organization. They also quickly weaken without sensible heat ﬂuxes, which feed the thermal instability required for their development, while latent heat ﬂuxes play minor role. These ﬁndings emphasize the necessity of precisely representing the processes occurring at the air-sea interface, as they not only aﬀect the thermodynamic surface conditions but also the vertical transport of momentum within the windstorm.
Idealized numerical simulations of quasi‐stationary convective systems over the Northwestern Mediterranean complex terrain

Northwestern Mediterranean coastal regions are frequently affected by torrential rainfall associated with quasi‐stationary mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). The present work examines how the characteristics of a conditionally unstable flow impinging on the coastal complex terrain of the Northwestern Mediterranean can affect the location and intensity of quasi‐stationary MCSs. The study is based on idealized simulations, but including the major ingredients of Northwestern Mediterranean heavy precipitation events: a moist conditionally unstable marine flow of about 100 km width facing the true terrain, composed of the Massif Central surrounded by the Alps and the Pyrenees.