Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A meta-analysis of immune cell fractions at high resolution reveals novel associations with common phenotypes and health outcomes

Background: Changes in cell-type composition of complex tissues are associated with a wide range of diseases, environmental risk factors and may be causally implicated in disease development and progression. However, these shifts in cell-type fractions are often of a low magnitude, or involve similar cell-subtypes, making their reliable identification challenging. DNA methylation profiling in a tissue like blood is a promising approach to discover shifts in cell-type abundance, yet studies have only been performed at a relatively low cellular resolution and in isolation, limiting their power to detect these shifts in tissue composition. Methods: Here we derive a DNA methylation reference matrix for 12 immune cell-types in human blood and extensively validate it with flow-cytometric count data and in whole-genome bisulfite sequencing data of sorted cells. Using this reference matrix and Stouffer’s method, we perform a meta-analysis encompassing 25,629 blood samples from 22 different cohorts, to comprehensively map associations between the 12 immune-cell fractions and common phenotypes, including health outcomes. Results: Our meta-analysis reveals many associations with age, sex, smoking and obesity, many of which we validate with single-cell RNA-sequencing. We discover that T-regulatory and naïve T-cell subsets are higher in women compared to men, whilst the reverse is true for monocyte, natural killer, basophil and eosinophil fractions. In a large subset encompassing 5000 individuals we find associations with stress, exercise, sleep and health outcomes, revealing that naïve T-cell and B-cell fractions are associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality independently of age, sex, race, smoking, obesity and alcohol consumption. We find that decreased natural killer cell counts are associated with smoking, obesity and stress levels, whilst an increased count correlates with exercise, sleep and a reduced risk of all-cause mortality. Conclusions: This work derives and extensively validates a high resolution DNAm reference matrix for blood, and uses it to generate a comprehensive map of associations between immune cell fractions and common phenotypes, including health outcomes. Availability: The 12 immune cell-type DNAm reference matrices for Illumina 850k and 450k beadarrays alongside tools for cell-type fraction estimation are freely available from our EpiDISH Bioconductor R-package http://www.bioconductor. org/packages/devel/bioc/html/EpiDISH.html
A New Micro Model of Exchange Rate Dynamics July 29 , 2005

We show how aggregation of information in general equilibrium can resolve the exchange rate determination puzzle. Unlike macro DGE models, which enrich tastes or technology, we enrich the information structure. Unlike micro-based models, our model connects dispersed information to the macroeconomic variables that anchor traditional analysis. Results relevant to the determination puzzle include: (1) persistent gaps between exchange rates and fundamentals, (2) excess volatility relative to fundamentals, (3) exchange rate movements without macro news, (4) little or no exchange rate movement when macro news occurs, and (5) a structuraleconomic resolution of the "order flow puzzle"–that macro variables cannot account for monthly exchange rate changes, whereas transaction flows can. Calibration results match the empirical findings of Meese and Rogoff (1983).
Financial Aid Packages and College Enrollment Decisions: An Econometric Case Study

We study the effects of a change in financial aid policy introduced by an anonymous university in 1998. Prior to that time, the university's financial aid packages for low-income students consisted of grants, loans, and campus jobs. After the change, the entire loan portion of the package for low-income students was replaced with grants. We find the program increased the likelihood of matriculation by low-income students by approximately 3 percentage points, although the effect is not statistically significant. The effect among low-income minority students was between 8 and 10 percentage points and statistically significant at the 10 level.
from King’s

This paper advocates explicitness about the type of entity to be considered as content-bearing in connectionist systems; it makes a positive proposal about how vehicles of content should be individuated; and it deploys that proposal to argue in favour of representation in connectionist systems. The proposal is that the vehicles of content in some connectionist systems are clusters in the state space of a hidden layer. Attributing content to such vehicles is required to vindicate the standard explanation for some classificatory networks’ ability to generalise to novel samples their correct classification of the samples on which they were trained
Fixed points in multiple equilibria probability-migration models

We analyze a probability-migration model in which the probability of migration depends on human capital (education essentially). In this model, the human capital can converge to two possible values (fixed points), a low or high value. The aim of this paper is to analyze how belief mechanisms can lead to the selection of a particular fixed point. In particular, we prove that for any belief mechanism, there exists a critical value H such that the result can always be expressed by an assertion of the form: if initially, the human capital is smaller than the critical value H, then the human capital will converge to the low fixed point, while if the initial human capital is larger than H, then the human capital will converge to the high fixed point value. The fixed points do not depend on the belief mechanism, while the critical value strongly depends on it.
Page Length and Methodological Characteristics of Recently Published Doctoral Dissertations in Education

Recommended Citation Randolph, Justus; DeWeese, Sean; Manuel, Austin Kureethara; Baugher, Greg; Tessmer, Kimberly; Westbrook, Amy; Shoats, Stacey; Balloun, Joseph; and Crawford, Linda (2014) "Page Length and Methodological Characteristics of Recently Published Doctoral Dissertations in Education," Georgia Educational Researcher: Vol. 11: Iss. 2, Article 2. DOI: 10.20429/ger.2014. 110202 Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern. edu/gerjournal/vol11/iss2/2
Magnetohydrodynamic flow in closed channels

The flow of an electrically charged fluid through a channel with asymmetric wall distortions and a cross-channel pressure interaction in the presence of a constant, transverse magnetic field is considered. It is shown that the basic nature of the hydrodynamic interaction is retained on a shorter stream-wise length scale, with gradually increasing magnetic field strength. An algebraic relation between the magnetic field strength and the Reynolds number is obtained. A new flow structure is obtained as the magnetic field strength becomes sufficiently large, where the streamwise length of the cross-channel pressure interaction is proportional to the channel width. Linear and non-linear solutions along with linear free interactions are used to examine the structural properties.
Analysis of the Super‐Resolution Effect on Microwave Tomography

This study investigates the spatial resolution (SR) and super‐resolution effect in microwave tomography in terms of single‐frequency measured data. The applied method is based on our recently proposed concept of average SR (ASR). We apply truncated singular value decomposition to calculate a regularized forward‐modeling matrix and to limit the truncation index by the acceptable level of the imaging noise. A simple relation of the ASR with the truncation index calculates the ASR in the imaging zone. The described method to calculate SR is quite common, and it considers not only the geometrical parameters of the microwave tomography system and object under test but also the noise in the measured data. This method is applicable to the linear and nonlinear considerations of the inverse scattering problem with respect to two‐ or three‐dimensional solutions. In particular, our investigation confirms the conclusion of some other authors that applying nonlinear inverse scattering methods can achieve the super‐resolution imaging even when based on far‐field measured signals only.
DYNAMICS OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR BIOREACTORS

Bioreactors are vessels in which a biological reaction takes place. They are ideal apparatuses to model many natural phenomena in ecosystems. Bioreactors are used extensively in the biological treatment of wastes and the manufacture of useful bioproducts. If designed and operated correctly, a bioreactor can be a relatively cost-effective method for hazardous substance removal and bioproduct manufacture. Mathematical models are valuable tools to study bioreactors [3], since they are mathematically tractable and the relevant experiments can be carried out. Therefore, bioreactor modelling has great potential for use in many fields, such as to assist in the design of equipment, to predict long-term behaviour, to interpret data and to control and optimise the bioreactor. The objectives of this thesis are to develop mathematical models for bioreactors by capturing essential information on bioreactors and then to analyse the developed models to predict the performance of bioreactors, which may provide a useful aid for improving the performance of bioreactors. The goal of biological wastewater treatment is to use microorganisms to remove organic materials and pollutants in wastewater, since microorganisms consume organic materials/pollutants to grow. Biological wastewater treatment in flow bioreactors has been intensively studied. However, the majority of previous work has invariably assumed that all the parameters in wastewater treatment models such as the recycle rate and the death rate of microorganisms are constants, whereas the fact is that there might be different ways in which uncertainties can influence wastewater treatment processes in practice. The parameters in the model may fluctuate due to environmental variations such as air pressure and temperature fluctuations, and this fact can be described by stochastic models. Motivated by this, in the first part of the thesis, stochastic
PENGARUH PENDEKATAN CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) BERBASIS EKSPERIMEN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF DAN SIKAP ILMIAH

Abstrak Penelitin ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendekatan CTL berbasis eksperimen terhadap hasil belajar kognitif dan sikap ilmiah. Desain dari penelitian ini adalah control group pre-test post-test desain . Sampel diambil secara pusposive sampling dan didapatkan kelas VIII D sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII C sebagai kelas kontrol. Data penelitian ini adalah data nilai posttest dan data observasi sikap ilmiah peserta didik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata nilai posttest kelas eksperimen adalah 76,84 dan kelas kontrol 65,97. Hasil analisis korelasi biserial 0,71 dan koefisien determinasi 50,2%. Berdasarkan observasi, hasil analisis korelasi spearman adalah 0,50 untuk sikap ingin tahu, 0,48 untuk berpikir kritis, 0,56 terbuka, dan 0,58 kerja sama. Hasil koefisien determinasi adalah 25% untuk rasa ingin tahu, berpikir kritis 23,04%, terbuka 31,36%, dan kerja sama 34,81%. Abstract T hi s experiment aims to determine the effect of CTL-based experimental approach to the cognitive learning and scientific attitude. The design of this study was the control group pre-test post-test design. Samples taken pusposive sampling and got VIII D as experimental class and class VIII C as the control class. This research data is the value of data and observation data posttest learners' scientific attitude. The results showed that the average value was 76.84 posttest experimental class and control class 65.97. Results of correlation analysis biserial 0.71 and coefficient of determination of 50.2%. Based on observations, the results of Spearman correlation analysis was 0.50 for curiosity, 0.48 to think critically, open 0.56, and 0.58 cooperation. The coefficient of determination was 25% f or curiosity, critical thinking 23.04%, 31.36% open, and cooperation 34.81%.
Greenwich Academic Literature Archive (GALA)

In this paper, mathematical analysis supported by computer simulation is used to study cellular system information capacity change due to propagation loss and system parameters (such as path loss exponent, shadowing and antenna height) at microwave carrier frequencies greater than 2 GHz and smaller cell size radius. An improved co-channel interference model, which includes the second tier co-channel interfering cells is used for the analysis. The system performance is measured in terms of the uplink information capacity of a time-division multiple access (TDMA) based cellular wireless system. The analysis and simulation results show that the second tier cochannel interfering cells become active at higher microwave carrier frequencies and smaller cell size radius. The results show that for both distance-dependent: path loss, shadowing and effective road height the uplink information capacity of the cellular wireless system decreases as carrier frequency fc increases and cell size radius R decreases. For example at a carrier frequency fc = 15.75 GHz, basic path loss exponent α = 2 and cell size radius R = 100, 500 and 1000m the decrease in information capacity was 20, 5.29 and 2.68%.
Dynamic response of an infinite medium with a spherical cavity on temperature-dependent properties subjected to a thermal shock under fractional-order theory of thermoelasticity

ABSTRACT In this work, we consider the problem for an infinite medium with a spherical cavity on temperature-dependent properties subjected to a stress shock and thermal shock under the fractional-order theory of generalized thermoelasticity. The modulus of elasticity and the coeﬃcient of thermal conductivity are taken as linear function of temperature. The governing equations for the problem are formulated and then solved by Laplace transform together with its numerical inversion. The nondimensional temperature, displacement, radial stress, and hoop stress are obtained and illustrated graphically. In the calculation, the emphasis is focused on investigating the effect of temperature-dependent properties on the variations of the considered variables. The graphical results indicate that the temperature-dependent modulus of elasticity plays a significant role on all the physical quantities.
Les impacts de la RSE sur les systèmes de contrôle

This paper is concerned with consequences of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on management control design. These consequences are analysed through the model of levers of control developed by Robert Simon. CSR has increased the level of information overload due to the proliferation of data. The paper analyses the consequences on management control systems (MCS) of this information overload. It makes four proposals related to 1/the inadequacy of CSR management control system as an interactive system, 2/ the substitutability of the diagnostic control to interactive control to face the information overload, 3/ the specialisation of measures on each organisational level to implement interactivity and 4/ the focus for interactive discussion on information commonly used by different organisational levels.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Linguistic skills of adult native speakers , as a function of age and level of education

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The Long-Term Effects of Africa ’ s Slave Trades

Can part of Africa’s current underdevelopment be explained by its slave trades? To explore this question empirically, I combined data from ship records with data from various historical documents reporting slave ethnicities, and construct estimates of the number of slaves exported from each country during Africa’s slave trades between 1400 and 1900. I find a strong robust negative correlation between the number of slaves exported from a country and its current economic performance. To better understand if the relationship is causal, I examine the historical evidence on selection into the slave trades, I use instrumental variables, and I control for observable country characteristics. The results suggest that the relationship between slave exports and current economic performance is causal. I then test for potential channels of causality. Consistent with the historic evidence, the data indicate that the effects of the slave trades are through ethnic fractionalization, weakened states, and a decline in the quality of domestic institutions. JEL classification: F14; N17; N47; P16.
Can Regular Tetrahedra be Glued Together Face to Face to form a Ring?

Suppose someone gave you a large collection of identical regular tetrahedra. Would it be possible to glue them together face to face in such a way that you formed a nontrivial ring, or doughnut, in the sense that, during the glueing process, you could glue a tetrahedron both to your last tetrahedron and your first? Tetrahedra would be allowed to cut into each other if necessary.
Aging differentially affects male and female neural stem cell neurogenic properties

Correspondence: Laurent Lecanu MUhC-ri, 6100 royalmount Avenue, Montreal h4P 2r2, Quebec, Canada Tel +1 514 245 8180 Fax +1 514 283 6282 email laurent.lecanu@mcgill.ca Purpose: Neural stem cell transplantation as a brain repair strategy is a very promising technology. However, despite many attempts, the clinical success remains very deceiving. Despite clear evidence that sexual dimorphism rules many aspects of human biology, the occurrence of a sex difference in neural stem cell biology is largely understudied. Herein, we propose to determine whether gender is a dimension that drives the fate of neural stem cells through aging. Should it occur, we believe that neural stem cell sexual dimorphism and its variation during aging should be taken into account to refine clinical approaches of brain repair strategies. Methods: Neural stem cells were isolated from the subventricular zone of threeand 20-monthold male and female Long-Evans rats. Expression of the estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ, progesterone receptor, androgen receptor, and glucocorticoid receptor was analyzed and quantified by Western blotting on undifferentiated neural stem cells. A second set of neural stem cells was treated with retinoic acid to trigger differentiation, and the expression of neuronal, astroglial, and oligodendroglial markers was determined using Western blotting. Conclusion: We provided in vitro evidence that the fate of neural stem cells is affected by sex and aging. Indeed, young male neural stem cells mainly expressed markers of neuronal and oligodendroglial fate, whereas young female neural stem cells underwent differentiation towards an astroglial phenotype. Aging resulted in a lessened capacity to express neuron and astrocyte markers. Undifferentiated neural stem cells displayed sexual dimorphism in the expression of steroid receptors, in particular ERα and ERβ, and the expression level of several steroid receptors increased during aging. Such sexual dimorphism might explain, at least in part, the sex difference in neural fate we observed in young and old neural stem cells. These results suggest that sex and aging are two factors to be taken into consideration for future neural stem cell transplantation protocols in brain repair strategies.
Numerical Modeling of Rough Contact between Two Cylinders with Axes Parallel

The present paper represents a study of the effect of surface roughness in elastic-plastic micro contact between two cylinders in contact along their external generatrix by finite element analysis. This is the first study in the micro-scale geometry to analyze this particular contact used in industrial problem of fluid heat tracing. Two types of frictionless contact are investigated numerically. One examines the contact between two random rough cylindrical surfaces with Gaussian statistics for different topographies. The other proposed the contact between sum cylindrical surface which include the roughness and the elasticity of the both rough surfaces into contact, with perfectly smooth rigid cylindrical surface. The construction of sum surface is used in order to simplify the problem of rough contact. A full description of the method and the technical of construction of sum surface is presented. As a result, it was fund a good agreement between the two models. A multiple contact configuration was analysed in the form of cylindrical surface. Numerical results obtained under elastic conditions were also validated by comparison with theoretical solution of Hertz. A sensitivity analysis is presented in order to estimate the random draw of parameters on the results. We present then results showing the effects of roughness on contact parameters. Overall, it is found that the contact parameters are quite sensitive to the roughness parameters in elastic and plastic deformation. Results show that the surface topography has a large influence on the real area of contact. As a result of that, the real contact area ratio increases with the increasing of the displacement until it reaches a maximum limit value on elastic-plastic deformation. This value, less than unity, decreases with increasing roughness. © 2017 Published by Faculty of Engineering Corresponding author: Malak Ben Attia Aidoudi University of Tunis El Manar, National Engineering School of Tunis, Applied Mechanics and Engineering Laboratory, BP 37, El Belvedere, 1002, Tunis. E-mail: Malak.BenAttiaAidoudi@enit.rnu. tn
Inactivation of B. subtilis spores by low pressure plasma—influence of optical filters and photon/particle fluxes on the inactivation efficiency

Inactivation experiments were performed with Bacillus subtilis spores in a low pressure double inductively coupled plasma (DICP) system. Argon, nitrogen and oxygen at 5 Pa were used as feed gas to change the emission spectrum in the range of 100 nm to 400 nm, as well as between radical and metastable densities. Optical filters were applied, to block particles and selected wavelengths from the spores. By determining absolute photon fluxes, the sporicidal efficiency of various wavelength ranges was evaluated. The results showed good agreement with other plasma experiments, as well as with monochromatic light inactivation experiments from a synchrotron. The findings indicated that the inactivation rate constants of broadband plasma emission and monochromatic light were identical, and that no synergistic effect exists. Furthermore, the influence of radicals, ions and metastables on the inactivation efficiency was of minor importance in the set-up used, and radiation was the main reason for spore inactivation.