Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Werner Lake Co-Cu-Au deposit, Ontario: Evidence for pre-metamorphic hydrothermal origin

The Werner Lake Co-Cu-Au deposit in the Late Archean English River metasedimentary subprovince of the Superior Province, Ontario, is hosted by pyroxene-bearing amphibolites, and is characterized by association with metamorphosed alteration assemblages including garnetiferous biotite schists, garnetiferous quartzites, and calc-silicate rocks. Mineralization includes disseminated chalcopyrite and massive chalcopyrite-pyrite rich lenses in the garnetiferous biotite schists and as disseminated to massive cobaltite-rich orebodies. Geochemical data support field relationships that the garnetiferous biotite schists originated from the protoliths of the amphibolites. Mass balance calculations revealed significant gains in Fe, Mn, and K, but losses inCa, Na, and Mg, similar to those found for the formation of chloritic zones from seafloor hydrothermal alteration of basalts. The garnetiferous biotite schists are characterized by depletion in whole rock I´¹⁸O values (+4 to +6.5‰ V-SMOW) relative to the associated amphibolites (+6.8 to 8.3‰) and ultramafic rocks (+5.6 to 6.9‰). This depletion is interpreted as resulting from high-temperature interactions with seawater and thus supports a seafloor hydrothermal origin for the Werner Lake Co-Cu-Au deposit. The δ³⁴S values of sulphides and sulpharsenides in the ores of the Werner Lake deposit are uniformly close to O‰, similar to those sulphides in the alteration assemblages (-0.5 to +2.3‰) and amphibolites (+0.3 to +1.8‰), suggesting a juvenile source for the S. The Werner Lake Co-Cu-Au deposit differs in oreelement chemistry, host lithology, and alteration assemblages from the Cu-Zn and Zn-Pb-Cu VMS deposits and therefore is interpreted to represent a separate type of seafloor hydrothermal deposit. The granulite facies metamorphism (640-750°C and 4.5 to 5.5 kbar) at the Werner Lake deposit was accompanied by penetrative deformation followed by retrogression and late hydrothermal alteration. However, this high-grade metamorphism did not obliterate the possibly syngenetic mineralization and alteration zonation. This preservation of primary features was attributed to an absence of pervasive fluids during and after the granulite facies metamorphism, as indicated by the oxygen isotope heterogeneity of the ores and associated lithologies and by the preservation of distinct oxygen isotope signatures in the garnetiferous biotite schists. Localized solid-state remobilization of cobaltite-rich ores during the granulite facies metamorphism and deformation is indicated by thickening of the orebodies close to the F₂ fold hinges and alignment of cobaltite porphyroblasts parallel to the S₂ foliation. The presence of chalcopyrite-rich veins associated with biotite-rich selvages suggests a local, fluid facilitated remobilization of chalcopyrite during retrogression. Both granulite facies metamorphism and retrogression may have resulted in the preferential removal of Fe-Cu-rich sulphides from the ores owing to their higher ductilities than cobaltite and silicates, thereby increasing the proportion…
L’anneau de cohomologie des variétés de Seifert The cohomology ring structure of Seifert manifolds

The subdivision of the cell decomposition of a Seifert manifold yields a (cid:2) -simplicial decomposition and a quasi-isomorphism. We exhibit (cid:2) -simplicial cocycles that lift the usual cellular generators of the cohomology of the manifold. Applying the Alexander– Whitney formula, this allows one to describe explicitly the cohomology ring structure of this Seifert manifold with coeﬃcients in Z / p Z , p prime. © 2013
THE EXPERIENCE OF TRUST IN EVERYDAY LIFE 1 The experience of trust in everyday life

In this contribution, we review current research on daily-life experiences of trust in diverse and naturally occurring social interactions ranging from close relationships to complete strangers. Experience-sampling methodology allows the joint examination of situational, relational, dispositional, motivational and behavioral variables in their relation to trust. Thereby, these recent studies advance our understanding of how trust is shaped by important features of the social situation such as perceived conflict of interest. They elucidate how trust fluctuates according to stable traits, and how these traits interact with situational variables (e.g., social closeness to the target). Furthermore, trust connects social perceptions of trustees with trustors’ prosocial tendencies.
Predictors of health-endangering behaviour among Roma and non-Roma adolescents in Slovakia by gender

Background Roma people are commonly described as having an unhealthy lifestyle—for example, an unhealthy diet, intensive smoking, frequent alcohol consumption and a lack of physical activity. However, data about such health-endangering behaviours among Roma adolescents are scarce and of poor quality. The aim of our study is to assess the occurrence of health-endangering behaviours among Slovak Roma adolescents in comparison to non-Roma adolescents, and to assess the impact of parental education and social desirability on the differences found. Methods A cross-sectional study among Roma from separated and segregated settlements in the eastern part of Slovakia (n=330; mean age 14.50 years; interview) and non-Roma adolescents (n=722; mean age 14.86 years; questionnaire) was conducted. The effect of ethnicity and parental education on smoking, drunkenness, drug use and physical activity was analysed separately for boys and girls using logistic regression and adjusted for social desirability. Results Among girls, Roma adolescents had lower rates of smoking, drunkenness and drug use than non-Roma (ORs from 0.14 to 0.60 compared to non-Roma), but had higher rates of physical inactivity. Among boys, drug use was less frequent among Roma adolescents (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.46); differences for the other health-endangering behaviours were small and statistically insignificant. The effects of parental education and social desirability were small. Conclusions In contrast to the scarce evidence, Roma had lower rates of substance abuse, especially among girls. Only physical inactivity rates were higher among Roma girls. A challenge in health promotion among Roma is to maintain their relatively low substance use and to promote physical activity.
University of Birmingham The Emergence of Cooperation in Public Goods Games on Randomly Growing Dynamic Networks

According to evolutionary game theory, cooperation in public goods games is eliminated by free-riders, yet in nature, cooperation is ubiquitous. Artiﬁcial models resolve this contradiction via the mechanism of network reciprocity. However, existing research only addresses pre-existing networks and does not speciﬁcally consider their origins. Further, much work has focused on scale-free networks and so pre-supposes attachment mechanisms which may not exist in nature. We present a coevolutionary model of public goods games in networks, growing by random attachment, from small founding populations of simple agents. The model demonstrates the emergence of cooperation in moderately heterogeneous networks, regardless of original founders’ behaviour, and absent higher cognitive abilities such as recognition or memory. It may thus illustrate a more general mechanism for the evolution of cooperation, from early origins, in minimally cognitive organisms. It is the ﬁrst example of a model explaining cooperation in public goods games on growing networks.
Solar and Infrared Radiation Station (SIRS) Handbook

The Solar Infrared Radiation Station (SIRS) provides continuous measurements of broadband shortwave (solar) and longwave (atmospheric or infrared) irradiances for downwelling and upwelling components. The following six irradiance measurements are collected from a network of stations to help determine the total radiative flux exchange within the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) Climate Research Facility: • Direct normal shortwave (solar beam) • Diffuse horizontal shortwave (sky) • Global horizontal shortwave (total hemispheric) • Upwelling shortwave (reflected) • Downwelling longwave (atmospheric infrared) • Upwelling longwave (surface infrared)
MODELING AND NANOTECHNOLOGY

This study involved implementing a fuzzy controller approach to create a ground-based control model for an autonomous robot in a stable environment. In addition, a classical control method was developed and tested within the results. With the fuzzy controller approach, it was studied that the robot moves easily in the test environment and goes to desired targets. An autonomous mobile robot aims to minimize the energy consumption of the robot with a fuzzy controller algorithm. The energy consumption for processing time and data error between the coordinates where the robot should go and the coordinates it goes after the operations are completed are calculated separately. By utilizing a fuzzy controller algorithm, the mobile robot is capable of operating in a flexible manner. It was observed that the fuzzy approach performs 10 times faster and more accurately compared to the traditional method. In terms of being open to development and modular, the flying mobile robot fulfilled the functions envisaged in this work. In the future, the direction of a flying robot can be determined using a digital electronic compass to reach longer distances with external sensors.
The Effect of Catch and Release Angling at High Water Temperatures on Behavior and Survival of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Many wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) populations have declined during the last decades. A multitude of restrictions on riverine fisheries have been initiated to preserve spawning populations, including increased use of catch-and-release (C&R) angling. As a result, more than half of all Atlantic salmon caught in the north Atlantic region during the recent years have been released. Previous studies have shown that the majority of the caught and released Atlantic salmon angled at temperatures below 15 °C survived and participated in spawning, while the mortality seemed to increase at higher water temperatures. However, the survival of caught and released salmon at water temperatures above 15 °C has so far not been well examined under natural conditions. In this study, I investigated behavior and survival following C&R for wild Atlantic salmon (n = 52) angled on regular sport fishing gear in the River Otra in southern Norway at water temperatures ranging between 16.3-19.7 °C (mean 17.3 °C). The fish were tagged externally with radio transmitters without being anaesthetized and immediately released back into the river to simulate a realistic C&R situation. The results showed that a large proportion survived C&R (92%, n = 48) and that all salmon present in the River Otra during the spawning period 3-4 months later were located at known spawning grounds. Downstream movements during the first four days after release were recorded for 74% of the fish, and this was regarded as unusual behavior caused by C&R. Unusual behavior in the form of downstream movements during the first four days after release were recorded for 74% of the fish, and were assumed to have been caused by C&R. The salmon spent on average 24 days before commencing their first upstream movement after release and 41 days before they returned to or were located above their release site. The results suggest that C&R at these water temperatures may be a viable management tool as most fish survived and were present on the spawning grounds. However, it is not known if the physiological strain inflicted by C&R and the altered behavior affected reproductive success for caught and released fish compared to non-angled fish.
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN LEACH'S STORM-PETREL

-A total of 678 specimens of Leach's Storm-Petrels (Oceanodroma leucorhoa) from known nesting localities was examined, and 514 were measured. Rump color, classified on a scale of 1-11 by comparison with a series of reference specimens, varied geographically but was found to be a poor character on which to base taxonomic definitions. Significant differences in five size characters indicated that the presently accepted, but rather confusing, taxonomy should be altered: (1) 0. 1. beali, 0. 1. willetti, and 0. 1. chapmani should be merged into 0. 1. leucorhoa; (2) 0. 1. socorroensis should refer only to the summer breeding population on Guadalupe Island; and (3) the winter breeding Guadalupe population should be recognized as a "new" subspecies, based on physiological, morphological, and vocal characters, with the proposed name 0. 1. cheimomnestes. The clinal and continuous size variation in this species is related to oceanographic climate, length of migration, mobility during the nesting season, and distances between nesting islands. Why oceanitids frequenting nearshore waters during nesting are darker rumped than those offshore remains an unanswered question, as does the more basic question of why rump color varies geographically in this species. Received 15 November 1979, accepted 5 July 1980. DURING field studies of Leach's Storm-Petrels (Oceanodroma leucorhoa) nesting on Southeast Farallon Island, California in 1972 and 1973 (see Ainley et al. 1974, Ainley et al. 1976), several birds were captured that had dark or almost completely dark rumps. The subspecific identity of the Farallon population, which at that time was 0. 1. beali, was thus problematic, because the presence of dark-rumped birds indicated inclusion in 0. 1. willetti (A.O.U. 1957). Not long after the capture of these birds, the A.O. U. (1973) synonymized 0. 1. willetti with 0. 1. beali. This action, following the recommendation of Austin (1952), "solved" the immediate question, but the problem seemed worthy of further pursuit, as Crossin (1974) found it impossible to assign to any of five subspecies most specimens collected away from breeding sites. He thought that most subspecies of 0. leucorhoa should be synonymized, a recommendation already made by Loomis in 1918. Van Rossem (1942), however, questioned the wisdom of synonymizing all subspecies, and, except for the recent decision on 0. 1. willetti, the A.O. U. (1957, 1973) has followed van Rossem's subspecific definitions. The present study tests Loomis' (1918) and Crossin's (1974) hypothesis that Leach's Storm-Petrel in the eastern North Pacific is a dichromatic species in which the proportions of color phases and mensural characters vary geographically in a cline, rather than there being the series of distinct populations currently recognized. I also compared vocalizations among birds from several localities and tried to reveal those factors that might account for geographic variation in this species.
CD39 identiﬁes a speciﬁc CD8+T cell population in EGFR-driven lung adenocarcinoma related metastatic pleural eﬀusion.

Malignant pleural eﬀusions (MPE) are common in lung cancer, which were a complex microenvironment containing a plethora of immune and tumor signals. Gene alterations such as driver gene mutations were considered to aﬀect the components in the TIME of NSCLC. Here, we demonstrated that pleural CD39+CD8+T cells were selectively elevated in ﬁrstly-diagnosed lung adenocarcinoma with wild-type EGFR compared to that in mutant EGFR, while abnormally more represented in MPE with epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) acquired resistance. Analysis showed that pleural CD39+CD8+T cells display exhausted phenotype and potential cytolytic function, together with skewed usages of T cell receptor (TCR)-V β repertoire in comparison with CD39-CD8+T cells, which constituted common feature of lung adenocarcinoma related MPE. Further study revealed TCR-V β diversity tended to be more enhanced in pleural CD39+CD8+T cell from MPE coupled with EGFR-TKI acquired resistance. Taken together, we have identiﬁed a subset of CD8+T cells expressing CD39 in MPE, whom proposed as the potential tumor-reactive CD8+T cells, and further provided a new understanding of dynamic immune composition of EGFR-mutant tumor microenvironment.
Fused deposition modeling with ABS-graphene nanocomposites

For the first time, graphene nanoplatelets (xGnP) were incorporated at 4 wt% in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) filaments obtained by a solvent-free process consisting of melt compounding and extrusion. Nanocomposite filaments were then used to feed a commercial fused deposition modelling (FDM) machine to obtain specimens with various build orientation parameters. The elastic modulus and dynamic storage moduli of 3D printed parts along three different build orientations were increased by the presence of xGnP in the ABS matrix. At the same time, a decrease in both stress and strain at break was observed when xGnP is added to ABS. Moreover, a higher thermal stability was induced on 3D printed parts by xGnP, as indicated by a reduction in both coefficient of linear thermal expansion and creep compliance. The comparison of microstructure and thermo-mechanical properties of 3D printed samples with those of compression moulded plates with the same composition highlighted the importance of the orientation effects induced by the fused deposition modelling process.
Project leadership skills in cooperative projects

Purpose – In search for new ideas outside the firm’s boundaries most companies choose to implement cooperation in the form of discrete projects, increasing the importance of project management. As research in this area so far mainly dealt with formalized instruments of process control, the purpose of this paper is to focus on personal aspects, particularly on the role of project leadership. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 84 biotechnological projects were analyzed. A standardized questionnaire was developed and sent out to research and development managers from the chemical, pharmaceutical and biotechnological industry. The level of analysis for the survey were single cooperative projects and basically regression statistics were employed. Findings – It was found that the requirement for a stronger project leader is highly dependent on the degree of trust among team members and the administrative activity. In contrast, other factors, like the risk associated with a cooperative project, or the extent of upper management support are not significantly related to a stronger leader. Research limitations/implications – As only biotechnological projects were analyzed, other studies investigating the required project leadership style in other industries would be necessary to be able to generalize. Furthermore, there are several factors with a potential influence that could not be examined in this study. Practical implications – The findings would suggest to companies involved in cooperative projects that more emphasis should be put on the human factors of project management and not only on efficient instruments. Originality/value – This paper focuses on the required strength of a project leader and should thus be of interest to managers trying to set up effective cooperative projects.
Exposure to untrustworthy websites in the 2016 US election

1Department of Politics and Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. 2Department of Government, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA. 3Department of Politics, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK. ✉e-mail: nyhan@dartmouth.edu Fake news remains one of the most widely debated aspects of the 2016 US presidential election. Articles from untrustworthy websites that featured factually dubious claims about politics and the campaign were shared by millions of people on Facebook1. Post-election surveys indicated that these claims were often widely believed2,3. Some journalists and researchers have even suggested that fake news may be responsible for Trump’s victory4–7. These developments raise substantial democratic concerns about the quality of the information that voters receive. However, little is known scientifically about the consumption of so-called fake news from these untrustworthy websites or how it relates to political behaviour. Here we provide a comprehensive individual-level analysis of the correlates and consequences of exposure to untrustworthy websites in the real world. Our analysis combines a dataset of pre-election survey data and web-traffic histories from a national sample of Americans with an extensive list of untrustworthy websites. These data enabled us to conduct analyses that are not possible using post-election self-reports of exposure3, aggregate-level data on visits to untrustworthy websites8 or behavioural data that lack information about candidate preference9. We report five principal findings. First, consistent with theories of selective exposure, people differentially consume false information that reinforces their political views. However, fewer than half of all Americans visited these untrustworthy websites, which represented approximately 6% of people’s online news diet during the study period (95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.1–6.7%). Second, consumption of news from these websites was instead heavily concentrated among a small subset of people—62% of the visits that we observed came from the 20% of Americans with the most conservative information diets. Third, we show that Facebook had a central role in spreading content from untrustworthy websites relative to other platforms. Fourth, fact checks of articles published by these outlets almost never reached their target audience. Finally, we examined whether the consumption of factually dubious news affected other forms of political behaviour. We found that the consumption of untrustworthy websites does not crowd out the consumption of other hard news. However, our results about the relationship between the consumption of untrustworthy websites and both voter turnout and vote choice are statistically imprecise; we can rule out only very large effects.
Rapid and Facile One Step Fabrication of Wafer Scale Silicon Hierarchical Structures with High Broadband Anti-Reflection Property

: Nanostructured Silicon surfaces are highly acclaimed for its unique properties like superhydrophobicity and high anti-reflection. Hierarchical nanostructures with a combination of micro-and nano-structures with much larger surface area can be of more appealing to enhance the surface and optical properties. In this context, we propose rapid and facile one-step electroless method of realizing hierarchical structures on Silicon surface covering the entire wafer area in comparison to the existing two-step methods. A complete wafer could be textured within 3 to 5 minutes time span. Moreover, this process is not dependent on the orientation or doping concentration of Silicon. Diffused optical reflectance measurement on the hierarchical structured Silicon (Si) showed a broadband enhanced anti-reflection property (R% ~ 2.4%; 300 nm to 1400 nm) with wide prospects in opto-electronic applications. Utilization of the hierarchical structured Si as a template for soft imprinting transparent polymer layers and its further use as solar encapsulant is also demonstrated.