Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
in Rotator Cuff Tears

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the role of ultrasound in rotator cuff tears and to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive & negative predictive values of ultrasonographic findings in Supraspinatus tears with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Study Design: Validation study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Radiology Department CMH Lahore, from April 2004 to October 2004. Patients and Methods: This study included 40 patients above 35 years of age who presented with shoulder pain and were referred for Ultrasound shoulder in Radiology Department. They were followed for their Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) performed in Children Hospital, Defence National Hospital Lahore & Military Hospital Rawalpindi. Results: Out of 40 patients 17 patients were diagnosed as having rotator cuff tears on ultrasound while 23 patients were normal. When MRI was conducted in these patients, it showed 19 rotator cuff tears while 21 patients were normal. Out of 17 patients with cuff tears on Ultrasound, 10 showed full thickness tears while 7 had partial thickness tears. Out of 19 patients with cuff tears on MRI, 11 had full thickness tears and 8 had partial thickness tears. Conclusion: Ultrasound should be the primary diagnostic method for shoulder pain and detection of rotator cuff tears because it is economical, noninvasive, quick and easy to perform. The MRI technique should be used secondarily because it provides more information about extent of tendons and has lower risk of artifacts.
Responses In Vitro and In Vivo TCR Signaling and Altered Proliferative Injections of Peptide Antigen Show Impaired Tolerant CD8 T Cells Induced by Multiple

The mechanisms responsible for peripheral CD8 T cell tolerance to foreign Ags remain poorly understood. In this study we have characterized the state of CD8 T cell tolerance induced in F5 TCR transgenic mice by multiple peptide injections in vivo. The tolerant state of CD8 T cells is characterized by impaired proliferative responses, increased sensitivity to cell death, and failure to acquire cytotoxic effector function after in vitro antigenic challenge. In vivo monitoring of CD8 T cell proliferation using 5-carboxyﬂuorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester showed that a large subset of the tolerant T cell population failed to divide in response to peptide. TCR down-regulation could not account for this loss of responsiveness to Ag since recombination-activating gene-1 (RAG-1) 2 / 2 F5 CD8 T cell responses were similar to those of RAG-1 2 / 2 F5 3 RAG-1 2 / 2 F 1 T lymphocytes, which express lower levels of the transgenic TCR. Analysis of early signal transduction in tolerant CD8 T cells revealed high basal levels of cytoplasmic calcium as well as impaired calcium mobilization and tyrosine phosphorylation after cross-linking of CD3 e and CD8 a . Together these data indicate that repeated exposure to soluble antigenic peptide in vivo can induce a state of functional tolerance characterized by defective TCR signaling, impaired proliferation, and increased sensitivity to cell death. The Journal of Immunology, 1998, 161: 5260–5267. cell
Structure of dark matter in galaxies

In all things of nature there is something of the marvellous. Aristotle The origin, nature and distribution of dark matter in the universe form some of the biggest questions in modern astrophysics. Dark matter is distributed on a wide range of scales in the universe. This thesis concentrates on galactic scales, attempting to lower the veil and probe the structure of dark matter in galaxies. The mass distribution of the lensing galaxy 2237+0305 is studied and a combination of photometric, lensing and kinematic data used to constrain the contribution of the luminous and dark mass components to the system. The galaxy is best-fitted with a softened isothermal-like halo (inner logarithmic slope ∼0, outer slope ∼–2.5), and a sub-maximal disk. The kinematic model requires further improvement for this result to be rigorous, however the density profiles produced in N -body simulations are not preferred over a halo with a constant density core (rc ∼ 1 kpc). The results suggest that the combination of lensing, kinematic and photometric data provides the strongest constraints on the distribution of dark matter in galaxies. Subhalos of dark matter, orbiting within the potential of our Galaxy, will interact gravitationally with the stars in the disk if they pass within their region of influence. Subhalos can be detected by signatures in the phasespace distribution of the stellar disk. Such signatures and their magnitudes are calculated for subhalos with mass and distribution expected from N body simulations. The capabilities of the ESA satellite GAIA are used as
Fine-Tuning Sign Language Translation Systems Through Deep Reinforcement Learning

Sign language is an important communication tool for a vast majority of deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) people. Data collected by the World Health organization states that there are 466 million people currently with hearing loss and that number could rise to 630 million by 2030 and over 930 million by 2050 [1]. Currently there are millions of sign language speakers around the world who utilize this skill on a daily basis. Bridging the gap between those who communicate solely with a spoken language and the DHH community is an ever-growing and omnipresent need. Unfortunately, in the field of natural language processing, sign language recognition and translation lags far behind its spoken language counterparts. The following research will seek to successfully leverage the field of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to make a significant improvement in the task of Sign Language Translation (SLT) with German Sign Language videos to German text sentences. To do this three major experiments are conducted. The first experiment examines the effects of Self-critical Sequence Training (SCST) when fine-tuning a simple Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based sequence-to-sequence model. The second experiment takes the same SCST algorithm and applies it to a more powerful transformer based model. And the final experiment utilizes the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm alongside a novel fine-tuning process on the same transformer model. By using this approach of estimating the reward signal and normalization while optimizing for the model’s test-time greedy inference procedure we aim to establish a new or comparable SOTA result on the RWTH-PHOENIXWeather-2014 T German sign language dataset.
Development of Assessment Instruments Skills of Cultural Lesson Arts and Workshops in Primary School Based on Mobile

_________________ Abstract ___________________________________________________________________ The current instruments can not be used to assess the students' skills on the subjects of culture arts and the workshops in particular the material of collage in Primary School objectively. This research aims to develop instruments assessment skills on the subjects of culture arts and the workshops in Primary School based mobile valid, reliable, and effective. This researches method using R & D model of ADDIE with stages Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate. The sample of this study was 75 students. The results show the validity of the contents of 10 criteria measured values> 0.3, which means the instrument valid instrument developed skills. Results of Kaiser Meyer Olkin (KMO ) 0.852 and Bartlett's with 0.000 significances, anti image correlation shows that the correlation value between the criteria measured to get correlation value > 0.5 therefore all the criteria measured can be in factor analysis by including all items. Exploratory factor analysis showed 3 factors formed from 10 criteria measured. The loading factor values for each criterion measured at each factor is> 0.3. Based on Alpha Cronbach's reliability test obtained value of 0.847, the instrument is declared reliable. The conclusions show the instrument of skill assessment on the subjects of culture arts and workshops in particular collage material in mobile based Primary School, reliable and effective use. The benefits derived from the research of the assessment instrument developed can be used as teacher guidance in the Primary School in conducting assessment of skills on the learning of cultural arts and
Histological Comparison of Human Thymus Gland

Objective: To compare the thickness of the capsule and interlobular connective tissue, and number and diameter of Hassal's corpuscles in human thymus between two groups of young and old patients. Study Design: Comparative study. Material and Methods: Forty specimens of human thymus were separated into two groups: Group A included 20 specimens from patients between 1-25 years while Group B had same number of specimens of more than 40 years of age. These specimens were fixed in 10% formalin solution and then processed for paraffin embedding. Five micron thick sections were made. Haematoxylin and eosin stain, and PAS stain were used. The thickness of thymic capsule and interlobular connective tissue, number and diameter of Hassal's corpuscles in both groups were noted. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the thickness of capsule and interlobular connective tissue, number and size of Hassal's corpuscles in specimens of different age groups. Conclusion: In old age, there is definite increase in the thicknesses of capsule and interlobular connective tissue with Hassal's corpuscles decreasing in number but increasing in diameter.
Targeting of Heterocellular Coupling in Fibrotic Neonatal Rat Myocardial Cell Cultures by Lentiviral Connexin43 Knockdown in Myoﬁbroblasts is Anti-Arrhythmic.

Aims: Cardiac ﬁbrosis is associated with an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias. However, the underlying proarrhythmic substrate remains poorly understood and the efﬁcacy and curative potential of antiarrhythmic therapies are limited. This study aims to test the hypothesis that myoﬁbroblasts (MFB) alter cardiomyocyte (CMC) excitability by electrotonic coupling via gap junctions leading to arrhythmias and that therefore connexin43 (Cx43) knockdown in MFBs, through lentiviral vector transduction would lower the incidence of such arrhythmias. Methods and Results: Co-cultures of CMCs and MFBs in a 1:1 ratio as a model of cardiac ﬁbrosis, and puriﬁed cultures of CMCs were studied for arrhythmogeneity at day 9 of culture by optical mapping using a voltage-sensitive dye. Cultures were also studied for electrophysiological properties, gap junctional coupling and protein expression. Heterocellular coupling in MFB-CMC co-cultures was reduced by transducing MFBs with a lentiviral vector encoding shRNA targeting Cx43 prior to co-culturing. In control groups, MFBs were transduced with a lentiviral vector encoding a shRNA targeting pLuc. Conduction velocity (CV) was signiﬁcantly lower in co-cultures compared to puriﬁed CMC cultures (10.9 ± 2.4 cm/s vs. 21.6 ± 3.6 cm/s p<0.0001). Of the former cultures (n=30 total) 30.0 % showed spontaneous reentrant tachyarrhythmias compared to 3.2 % in the latter cultures (n=63 in total). CMC membrane potential was signiﬁcantly more depolarized in ﬁbrotic cultures, and was associated with lower rate of rise of depolarization (by 42.3 % , p<0.0001), compared to CMC cultures. Silencing of Cx43 expression in MFBs, And if a co-culture with Cx43-silenced MFBs a reentrant tachycardia, reentrant cycle length shorter pLuc-silenced MFBs Together, these results demonstrate that reduction of heterocellular coupling in ﬁbrotic myocardial cell cultures through Cx43 silencing in MFBs resulted in considerable anti-arrhythmic effects.
DMSO_A_230083 2687..2699

Maryam Zare 1 Ali Tarighat-Esfanjani Maryam Rafraf Abdolreza Shaghaghi Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi Mahmood Shamshiri 5 1Department of Nutrition, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran; 2Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 3Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 4Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 5School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Aim: This study planned to determine:( 1) the behavioral intention or profile of patientswith type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on the stages of the changemodel, and( 2) to explore the perceived facilitators and barriers of self-management (SM) in a sample of Iranian patients with T2DM. Methods: This was a mixed method study, accomplished in two phases. In the quantitative phase, 246 subjects with T2DM participated. They were classified according to items such as regular use of blood-glucose-lowering drugs, having a healthy diet and performing physical activity to pre-action and action groups. Socio-demographic and anthropometric information were collected, and a phenomenological qualitative study was conducted, and data collection continued until saturation achieved by 10 subjects in pre-action and 12 subjects in action groups. Four focus group discussions in the field of SMwere accomplished. Analysis of quantitative and qualitative data was conducted by the SPSS and MAXQDA software, respectively. Results: The mean age and duration of illness among the subjects were 53.9±7.1 and 6.9 ±4.9 years, respectively. The barriers of SM in action and pre-action stages were as follows: lower socio-economic status, poor performance of treatment team, physical-intellectual factors and lack of planning to change. The facilitators stated in the pre-action and action stage in the field of SM were satisfaction from treatment, planning, belief in diabetes, treatment team’s support, nutritional knowledge, and religious beliefs. Conclusion: This study indicated facilitator and barrier factors in SM based on TTM in action and pre-action groups. Healthcare professionals should consider these findings to improve the patients’ outcomes.
MORTALITY PATTERN IN MEDICAL WARDS IN CHUKWUEMEKA ODUMEGWU OJUKWU UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL,

Background and Objectives: Mortality pattern may reflect disease burden and influence medical policy formulation and implementation. This study sought to evaluate mortality and the influence of morbidity in patients in the medical wards in Nigeria. Methodology : In this retrospective study on mortality in the medical wards, patients’ case files, admissions and discharge registers were pulled. Information on age, gender, diagnosis, race, clinical state, duration on admission, serum creatinine, serum urea, PCV, serum albumin, were obtained, and the data analyzed. Results : The admissions were 1583 and patients deaths 325(20.5%) comprised of 167 (54.2%) males and 158 (45.8%) females. Only 153 deaths had complete data with mean age of 54.58 ± 17.40 years; mean duration on admission 9.94 ± 13.20 days and 59.5% of deaths occurred in the first 7 days; 90 (58.8%) were 31-60years. Anemia was present in 64.8% of male deaths and 54.8% of female deaths. Mortality rate (MR) in males was 53.4% and 75.8% in females among those with azotemia. MR was 18.5% in those with hypoalbuminemia and 32.7% with unconsciousness. Patients’ diagnoses were: sepsis (44.4%), diabetes mellitus (23.5%), HIV (27.5%), hypertension (20.3%) and stroke (15.7%). In those with diabetes mellitus, MRs was high (58.3%) in the first 7 days, p<0.003. However, MRs in different durations of admissions did not vary significantly in those with Sepsis (p=0.062), HIV (p=0.374), HTN (p=0.880), stroke (p=0.141). There was some overlap in foci of infection. MRs varied in patients with Sepsis from different foci of infection and in different durations of admission. In diabetic ulcer patients, there was a significant difference in MRs influenced by duration of admission, with high MR of 56.3% in the first 7 days, p=0.024. MRs in other foci of infections did not vary significantly with varying durations of admission (Chest p=0.110, GIT p=0.223, Mouth p=0.409). In females with anemia, MR was high (47.8%) in the first 7 days, p=0.027. In male patients with anemia, MRs across different durations of admission did not differ significantly, p=0.568. In patients with azotemia, hypoalbuminemia, unconsciousness, there was no difference in MRs across different durations of admission. Conclusion : Mortality rate (20.5%) was high in this study with most (59.5%) occurring in the first week of admission, influenced by age, sepsis, azotemia, anemia, unconsciousness, and hypoalbuminemia. Common causes of death were sepsis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and
Convergence and contrast in the community structure of Bacteria, Fungi and Archaea along a tropical elevation-climate Along

: Changes in species richness along climatological gradients have been instrumental in developing theories about the general drivers of biodiversity. Previous studies on microbial communities along climate gradients on mountainsides have revealed positive, negative and neutral richness trends. We examined changes in richness and composition of Fungi, Bacteria and Archaea in soil along a 50-1000 m elevation, 280-3280 mm/yr precipitation gradient in Hawai ’ i. Soil properties and their drivers are exceptionally well understood along this gradient. All three microbial groups responded strongly to the gradient, with community ordinations being similar along axes of environmental conditions (pH, rainfall) and resource availability (nitrogen, phosphorus). However, the form of the richness-climate relationship varied between Fungi (positive-linear), Bacteria (unimodal), and Archaea (negative-linear). These differences were related to resource-ecology and limiting conditions for each group, with fungal richness increasing most strongly with soil carbon, ammonia-oxidizing Archaea increasing with nitrogen mineralization rate, and Bacteria increasing with both carbon and pH. Reponses to the gradient became increasingly variable at finer taxonomic scales and within any taxonomic group individual OTUs occurred in narrow climate-elevation ranges. These results show that microbial responses to climate gradients are heterogeneous due to complexity of underlying environmental changes and the diverse ecologies of microbial taxa. net-N , ex-Ca,
Nitric oxide mediates coral bleaching through an apoptotic-like cell death pathway: evidence from a model sea anemone-dinoﬂagellate symbiosis

Coral bleaching (involving the loss of symbiotic algae from the cnidarian host) is a major threat to coral reefs and appears to be mediated at the cellular level by nitric oxide (NO). In this study, we examined the speciﬁc role of NO in bleaching using the sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella , a model system for the study of corals. Exposure of A. pulchella to high-temperature shock (26–33°C over < 1 h) or an NO donor ( S -nitrosoglutathione) resulted in signiﬁcant increases in host caspase-like enzyme activity. These responses were reﬂected in the intensities of bleaching, which were signiﬁcantly higher in heat- or NO-treated specimens than in controls maintained in seawater at 26°C. Notably, the inhibition of caspase-like activity prevented bleaching even in the presence of an NO donor or at elevated temperature. The additional use of an NO scavenger controlled for effects mediated by agents other than NO. We also exposed A. pulchella to a more ecologically relevant treatment (an increase from 26 to 33°C over 6–7 d). Again, host NO synthesis correlated with the activation of caspase-like enzyme activity. Therefore, we conclude that NO’s involvement in cnidarian bleaching arises through the regulation of host apoptotic pathways. —Hawkins, T. D. , Bradley, B. J., Davy, S. K. Nitric oxide mediates coral bleaching through an apoptotic-like cell death pathway: evidence from a model sea anemone-dinoﬂagellate symbiosis. using PASW Statistics 18.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Where appropriate, data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA) and transformed where necessary. The Greenhouse-Geisser correction was used whenever Mauchly’s test returned a signiﬁcant result. RMANOVA outputs are for time (cid:7) treatment interactions, and post hoc reports represent pair-wise comparisons with Bonferroni adjustment. Other analyses were carried out using univariate and multivariate ANOVA. Where data did not meet assumptions of normality, Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric tests were conducted. Values are re- ported as means (cid:6) se .
Consultation skills of final year medical students in Sweden: video-recorded real-patient consultations in primary health care assessed by Calgary-Cambridge Global Consultation Rating Scale, a pilot study

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Introduction: Doctor-patient consultation is an essential element of high quality health care. Education and training of medical students in consultation skills is important. The aim of this study was to investigate the medical students’ consultation skills before graduation by assessment of the students’ video recordings of consultations with real patients at primary health care centres. Methods: All students had to make a video recording of a meeting with a real patient for formative examination. 26 students participated in the study and delivered a video recording and a self-assessment. Four general practitioners assessed the video recordings by Calgary-Cambridge Global Consultation Rating Scale (CC-GCRS). Statistical testing included comparisons between groups of students and assessors using non-parametric methods. Results: The average CC-GCRS-rating was higher for female students. The students’ strengths were related to relation and problem exploration. Their limitations were related to patient’s perspective, providing structure and providing information. The students assessed their consultation skills higher than the assessors did, while the relative levels were similar. The distribution of rating scores across the assessors was small. Conclusion:Consultation skills were acceptable for most medical students, although there was room for improvement regarding patient centeredness skills. CC-GCRS was feasible and might be a valuable instrument to assess consultation skills for medical students at the end of their medical education.
PREDICTING MALL EQUITY: A MODERATED MEDIATED MODEL OF MALL IMAGE AND SERVICE QUALITY FROM A VALUE THEORY PERSPECTIVE

This paper empirically tests a moderated mediated model of the effect of hedonic shopping value on the relationship between mall image dimensions and mall equity. The data was collected through a questionnaire from a sample of malls’ shoppers in Amman, Jordan. Structural equation model was used to estimate the path relationship in our model. The findings suggest that utilitarian value, awareness, and mall environment all directly affect perceived quality which in turn leads to higher perceptions of mall equity. The findings also support the moderating role of hedonic value on these relationships.
Edinburgh Research Explorer 'Striking out'

Since 1997, the English government has committed itself to the twin (and inter-linked) policy aims of reducing health inequalities and tackling social exclusion. Welfare to work interventions have formed a key part of the policy response to both of these problems. So far, this approach has been largely supply-side focussed and ‘gender-blind’, treating both men and women who are not in employment as discrete entities who, with the right combination of training and support, can be engaged within the formal economy. Drawing on data from qualitative case studies of two such interventions in the North-East of England (one of which offered unemployed parents childcare training and the other which provided vocational and advisory support to young parents), this paper contributes to a growing literature exploring the gender dimensions of social policy interventions. The findings emphasise the centrality of gender to participants and demonstrates the necessity of gender sensitivity in projects designed to tackle worklessness.