Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
and Interventions

Procrastination is a prevalent topic among researchers and students. It has been investigated from different theoretical perspectives, and various impacts on academic performance have been proposed. This review analyzed recent research collected from Google Scholars and journals and summarizes the impact of procrastination on academic achievement and its necessary interventions. Two different categories of procrastination are identiﬁed: active and negative procras-tination and their impacts on academic performance. For intervention, examples of three types of interventions are discussed: therapeutic treatment, therapeutic prevention, and teacher intervention. As a result, academic procrastination is generally negatively correlated to academic outcomes. This review supports the needs for additional research on procrastination treatments and the establishment of an adequate understanding of the classroom interventions required to reduce procrastinatory behaviours.
Self- Supervised Learning Based Covid-19 Detection from Chest Radiography Images Using Deep CNN

Corona Disease (COVID19) is an infectious disease that is rapidly producing respiratory contaminations and demanding medical attention on a global scale. It has had a profound effect on people lives, society, and the global economy. Due of the severe limitations of RT-PCR (switch record polymerase chain reaction)-based methods for COVID19 diagnosis, various healthcare-based imaging approaches have lately been used. In this paper, we generated a freely available dataset with a extensive number of CT scans which were positive for COVID-19. Next utilizing a least amount of training X-ray images, we build sample-efficientdeep learning approaches that really. Extensive testing demonstrated that the suggested Self-Trans method achieves aa lot of cutting-edge benchmarks. Our proposed approach detects COVID-19 instances with a reliability rate of 98.7% and COVID-19 infection could be identified with high precision by CT imaging.
The geomorphometry of endorheic drainage basins: implications for interpreting and modelling their evolution

Endorheic basins are catchments with no hydrological connection with marine environments. They cover 20% of the Earth's surface, and are mostly located in arid regions. Their drainage networks converge to lakes, salt flats or alluvial plains, whose dynamics are strongly driven by precipitation, evapotranspiration and groundwater discharge, among other factors. Integrated surface drainage and the creation of whole drainage systems typical of open basins are commonly restricted in these regions. Interestingly, the fluvial basin morphology of endorheic basins has not been extensively studied, and a variety of quantitative morphological descriptors used in open basins have not been utilized in the geomorphic analysis of endorheic basins. The objective of this study is to better understand the basin morphology of endorheic river basins by using well‐known geomorphological properties and their variations across scales. For three basins in northern Chile we computed the following descriptors and the corresponding relevant scales: the cumulative distribution of contributing area, the horizontal shape of the basins (i.e. Hack's law, normalized Euclidean length, and sinuosity of the streams), slope–area relationship, Horton's ratios and drainage density. We detected several properties typically found in open basins, but certain features which seem to be unique to closed basins were also identified. In particular, we found that horizontal and vertical geomorphic features seem to be linked, which suggests that an independent treatment of these features may not be appropriate for closed basins. Similar results were found regardless of the basin area, which illustrates the relevant effects of features that are specific to these particular regions. It is expected that our findings will improve both the geomorphic assessment of these basins and hydrological modelling of surface water and groundwater. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Breeding birds and old field succession on fallow Long Island farmland. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 168, article 1

5 Introduction . 5 Acknowledgments . 6 Description of Study Areas. 7 Kalbfleisch Field Research Station . 7 Designated Study Areas: Land-Use History, Management, and Succession . 13 Methods . 31 Vegetation Surveys . 31 Breeding Bird Censuses . 33 Nests and Light Readings . 33 Response of Breeding Birds to Old Field Succession . 34 Conclusions . 54 Literature Cited . 57 Appendix of Botanical Names . 58
Vegetation in a Post-Ecological Threshold State May Not Recover after Short-Term Livestock Exclusion in Mongolian Rangelands

In the present study, we tested the potential irreversibility of vegetation dynamics in Mongolian rangelands using well-studied plant communities that exist along grazing gradients, in which ecological thresholds (defined as the points or zones at which disturbance should be limited to prevent drastic changes in ecological conditions) exist in terms of the compositional changes along these gradients. To accomplish this, we removed livestock grazing impacts by establishing exclosures along a grazing gradient at two study sites located in Mandalgobi and Bulgan, Mongolia. Each exclosure was established in the summer of 2004 at a location with either a post-ecological threshold state or a pre-ecological threshold state. We examined general patterns of temporal change in vegetation for the permanent plots inside and outside each exclosure at each site between 2005 and 2010. The trajectories of floristic composition in the permanent plots outside and inside each exclosure were similar from 2005 to 2010, indicating that the trajectories were mainly associated with annual rainfall and annual phenological changes in the plant communities. Post-threshold states at both sites did not reach their respective target community for restoration, indicating the lack of restorability despite livestock exclusion. Moreover, ordination separated the trajectories of floristic composition for the permanent plots inside exclosure in the post-threshold state from those in the pre-threshold state. Thus, our results suggest that vegetation in a post-threshold state may not recover after short-term livestock exclusion in Mongolian rangelands.
Soil compaction from low ground-pressure, torsion-suspension logging vehicles on three forest soils

Monitoring soil density on three sites during repeated trips with a high-speed skidder showed that: During the first 20 trips, soil density primarily increased between depths of 2 to 4 inches; Density increased most during the first few trips; Density continued to increase slowly in amount and depth with the number of trips, especially as the litter layer was removed; The litter and slash layers tended to remain in place for the first 20 trips; As slope increased, fewer trips disturbed more surface soil; In western Oregon on two sites with slopes under 30 percent, skidding disturbed 12 to 15 percent of the surface area; In western Oregon, skidding heavily disturbed 2 to 3 percent of the surface on two sites; and In eastern Oregon, 20 trips by the machine exposed mineral soil on about 20 percent of the surface area of a skid trail.
Evaluation of a first-order water transfer term for variably saturated dual-porosity flow models

Variably saturated water flow in a dual-porosity medium may be described using two separate flow equations which are coupled by means of a sink source term Γw, to account for the transfer of water between the macropore (or fracture) and soil (or rock) matrix pore systems. In this study we propose a first-order rate expression for Γw, which assumes that water transfer is proportional to the difference in pressure head between the two pore systems. A general expression for the transfer coefficient αw was derived using Laplace transforms of the linearized horizontal flow equation. The value of αw could be related to the size and shape of the matrix blocks (or soil aggregates) and to the hydraulic conductivity Ka of the matrix at the fracture/matrix interface. The transfer term Γw, was evaluated by comparing simulation results with those obtained with equivalent one- and two-dimensional single-porosity flow models. Accurate results were obtained when Ka was evaluated using a simple arithmetic average of the interface conductivities associated with the fracture and matrix pressure heads. Results improved when an empirical scaling coefficient γw was included in αw. A single value of 0.4 for γw was found to be applicable, irrespective of the hydraulic properties or the initial pressure head of the simulated system.
Efficient Training Methods for Achieving Adversarial Robustness Against Sparse Attacks

The vulnerability of Deep Neural Networks to adversarial attacks poses a serious threat in critical applications such as autonomous navigation systems and surveillance systems. While most of the existing research is focused on defending attacks within the ℓ ∞ and ℓ 2 threat models, real-world attacks are often sparse, as they need to be physically realizable. In this work, we aim to improve the efficiency of defenses against sparse adversaries such as patch-attacks and ℓ 0 norm bound attacks. We achieve this by enforcing the network to learn consistent feature representations be-tween a clean image and a corresponding randomly augmented image that is specific to the considered threat model. The proposed method achieves robustness at a significant speed-up when compared to existing methods. We achieve a further boost in robustness by using single-step gradients for attack generation and location optimization.
On the Impact of DC Magnetization on Core Losses: A Model Based on Extensive Experimental Results from the MagNet Database

In this work, an analysis of DC magnetization core loss modelling based on experimental core loss data is presented. First, an analysis of the available core loss data from the MagNet database is presented, where the dependencies of the losses in regards of frequency, flux density, and DC magnetization are demonstrated. Then, an equation resembling the displacement factor is introduced to model the effect of the DC magnetization in the losses. Using the experimental data available from the MagNet core loss database, the necessary coefficients to define the losses are extracted, and fitted to polynomial planes as functions of frequency and flux density. Lastly, the model is validated presenting a detailed analysis of the model accuracy at different conditions.
Novel observations on biomineralization processes in foraminifera and implications for Mg/Ca ratio in the shells

Stable isotopes and trace elements in foraminifera shells are important for determining the paleochemistry of the ocean, and Mg/Ca ratios and δ 1 8 O values in foraminifera have recently been used to determine simultaneously the temperature and salinity of past oceans. However, large variations between species and significant Mg intra-shell heterogeneity indicate a major role for biological factors in determining the Mg/Ca ratio in foraminifera. Our novel in vivo observations on the biomineralization process of perforate foraminifera show that their calcareous wall Is composed of two different calcite types: a thin, high-Mg primary layer, and low-Mg layers that cover the primary layer on both sides. The data may suggest that two biomineralization pathways are employed in the formation of the different calcite types. A new conceptual framework is provided to explain part of the Mg heterogeneity in foraminiferal shells and the variable sensitivity of the Mg/Ca ratio to temperature in different species.
The Newly Designed Lightning Location System Named LENTRA and The Observation of Lighting Strokes Hitting Tokyo Skytree

Lightning Location System (LLS) are widely used in Japan. Such conventional LLS are insufficient for the suitable maintenance of the damages caused by lightning strokes. To solve this problem, a newly designed LLS named LENTRA(Lightning parameters Estimation Network for Total Risk Assessment) is under development by CRIEPI. LENTRA is mainly designed for the uses of efficient maintenance of ground wires of transmission lines. The system can detect lightning stokes having large charge amounts and can locate the striking points in tens of meters accuracy. LENTRA can also observe current peak amplitudes and their steepness. From August 2021, the lightning observation has been started with 10 LENTRA sites installed around Tokyo Skytree. Since lightning current data hitting the tower are also under observation by using the Rogowski coils, the comparison of values estimated by LENTRA with the values observed by the Rogowski coils is possible. Details of LENTRA and the case studies of observed data are reported in this paper.
A Comparison of Machine Learning Models for Predicting CRISPR/Cas On-target Efficacy

CRISPR/Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and CRISPR-associated protein) is a powerful technology that can precisely modify DNA, enabling the treatment of several genetic disorders. The CRISPR/Cas system is comprised of a nuclease, which induces the modification, and a sgRNA (single guide RNA), which targets the nuclease to a precise location in the DNA. Designing sgRNAs is time-consuming and resource-intensive, thus computational tools are used to screen sgRNAs for their on-target efficacy. However, to date, models for predicting on-target efficacy have been restricted in complexity due to data limitations. Recently, a large on-target dataset has been published, relieving some of the restraints towards creating larger computational models. Herein, we present a comparison of several types of deep learning models, including CNNs (Convolutional Neural Networks) and RNNs (Recurrent Neural Networks), using the new dataset to predict the on-target efficacy of sgRNAs. After determining which general model performs best on this dataset, we assessed the impact of adding an important biological feature, the GC content, and compared the models to a state-of-the-art competitor, DeepHF [1].
Physiology of Crop Production

* Preface and Acknowledgments * Chapter 1. Plant Canopy Architecture * Introduction * Plant Height * Tillering * Leaf Characteristics * Breeding and Management Strategies for Ideal Plant Architecture * Conclusion * Chapter 2. Root Architecture * Introduction * Root Morphology * Shoot-Root Ratios * Root Growth Parameters and Methods of Measurement * Root Distribution in Soil * Root Development Relative to Plant Growth Stage * Root Characteristics Related to Drought Resistance * Soil Environment * Management Strategies for Maximizing Root Systems * Conclusion * Chapter 3. Physiology of Growth and Yield Components * Introduction * Theory of Growth and Yield Components Analysis * Yield Components Analysis * Dry Matter Production and Grain Yield * Duration of Reproductive Growth Period * Duration of Grain-Filling Period * Management Strategies for Ideal Yield Components * Conclusion * Chapter 4. Photosynthesis and Crop Yield * Introduction * Crop Photosynthesis * Canopy Photosynthesis * C3 and C4 Photosynthesis * Radiation Use Efficiency * Leaf Area Index * Partitioning of Assimilates * Respiration During Photosynthesis * Management Strategies for Maximizing Photosynthesis * Conclusion * Chapter 5. Source-Sink Relationships and Crop Yield * Introduction * Source-Sink Transitions * Physiological Aspects of Source-Sink Relationships in Annual Crop Plants * An Example of Yield Manipulation Using Source-Sink Concepts Relative to Nitrogen and Crop Development * Relationship Between Sink and Respiration * Formation of Yield Sinks * Modification in Source-Sink Relationships with Cultivar Improvement * Management Strategies for Maximizing Source-Sink Relationships * Conclusion * Chapter 6. Carbon Dioxide and Crop Yield * Introduction * Total Carbon in Soils of the World * Carbon Dioxide and Plant Growth * Carbon Dioxide and Photosynthesis * Carbon Dioxide and Water Use Efficiency * Carbon Dioxide and Radiation Use Efficiency * Management Strategies in Sequestration of CO2 * Conclusion * Chapter 7. Physiology of Drought in Crop Plants * Introduction * Water Use Efficiency * Crop Yield Relative to Water Stress * Drought and Nutrient Acquisition * Drought Resistance Mechanisms * Management Strategies for Reducing Drought * Conclusion * Chapter 8. Physiology of Mineral Nutrition * Introduction * Root Morphology * Active and Passive Ion Transport * Ion Uptake Mechanisms * Ion Absorption Measurement * Ion Translocation from Roots to Shoots * Physiological Functions of Nutrients * Beneficial and Toxic Elements * Conclusion * Appendix. Plant Species * References * Index
GEOLOGIA E GEOQUÍMICA DA MINERALIZAÇÃO DE Cu-Au PRIMÁRIA DA MINA DE Au DO IGARAPÉ BAHIA, SERRA DOS CARAJÁS

No extremo sul do corpo mineralizado da Mina de Au do Igarape Bahia, a mineralizacao sulfetada primaria, disseminada e venular, composta por calcopirita e pinta, apresenta o Au associado a calcopirita. As rochas hospedeiras da mineralizacao compreendem um pacote de meta arenitos e meta ritmitos, metabasaltos toleiticos e uma intrusao gabrica granofirica. Esta ultima, colocada entre as rochas metassedimentares e os metabasaltos, e balizada por brechas hidraulicas. A mineralizacao distribui-se tanto nas rochas sedimentares quanto igneas, embora o sulfeto venular, mais importante, ocorra principalmente em zonas de uma brecha hidraulica. A mineralizacao esta associada a uma intensa alteracao hidrotermal. As assembleias minerais, predominantes em todos os tipos de rochas da area, consistem de clorita (Fe-clinocloro), quartzo, albita e carbonato (siderita e calcita). As rochas encaixantes da mineralizacao estao enriquecidas em ETRL, U, Rb, F, Cl, Cu, Au, Ag, Mo, e mostram boa correlacao entre Mo-Pb-Ag (Mo-Pb = 0,913, Ag-Mo = 0,794 e Ag-Pb = 0,782). Calculos de balanco de massa efetuados a partir da alteracao de uma assembleia anfibolitica Para uma cloritica, no gabro granofirico, indicam que a alteracao hidrotermal ocorreu com um aumento de volume de 2%, quando houve ganhos significativos de SiO2 (+2,88 a +7,65%), MgO (+0,87 a +1,16%), U (+7,91 a +9,13%) e perdas de CaO (-6,39 a -6,60%), Al2O3 (-1,88 a -3,52%), K2O (-0,8%) e Na2O (-0,54 a -0,93%). O sistema hidrotermal responsavel pela mineralizacao continha fluidos altamente salinos (ate 40% eq. peso NaCl) e acidos, provavelmente de contribuicao crustal, e provenientes de fonte granitica, a semelhanca dos depositos de Cu (Au-Mo) do Salobo e Cu-(Zn) do Pojuca. O sistema metamorfico e hidrotermal evoluiu ao longo de um amplo intervalo de temperaturas (500 - 100°C) e a cloritizacao generalizada ocorreu a 270°C, de acordo com o geotermometro da clorita e com a variacao das temperaturas de homogeneizacao das inclusoes multifasicas em quartzo.
A systematic review of risky-choice framing effects

Classic decision theory requires that rational agents show description invariance: which description is chosen should not matter for judgments, preferences, or choices given the descriptions are co-extensive. Framing research has amply demonstrated a failure of description invariance by showing that the choice of the description has a systematic effect on judgments, preferences, and choices. Specifically, framing research has shown that linguistically different descriptions of seemingly equivalent options frequently lead to preference reversals. I summarize the research on framing in situations entailing risk. This includes the characterization of different research designs used, the size and robustness of the framing effects reported for those designs, and the theoretical accounts put forward to explain framing effects. The theoretical accounts are evaluated with respect to their merits, empirically and theoretically. I end by providing the implications of framing research. My central point is that the existence of framing effects points to the adaptiveness of the processes underlying human judgment and choice rather than simply showing human irrationality.
Neutron Induced Single Event Testing of Commercial Ferroelectric Memory Device (FRAM)

Results of neutron induced single event upset testing of the Infineon (Cypress) FM25CL64B-GA 64Kbit (8Kx8) Serial FRAM are described for 14-MeV and moderated 14-MeV environments. Five samples were irradiated with a 14-MeV neutron source. The units were tested after being irradiated statically as well as under bias using multiple combinations of continual read and write/read loops and using a variety of bit patterns. Results for single event functional interrupt (SEFI) and single event upset (SEU) errors are presented along with cross section data and soft error rates.
The Calabrian Orocline: buckling of a previously more linear orogen

Abstract Recent structural studies of the Apennines and the Calabrian orocline and a compilation of structural, stratigraphic, GPS and palaeomagnetic data from the central and western Mediterranean region show that beginning in the Late Miocene a N–S trending ribbon continent that had been previously deformed, and which we now recognize as the Apennine–Sicilian thrust belt, buckled eastward in response to northward movement of Africa relative to stable Europe. A simple geometric model is consistent with available data and shows how eastward buckling of an originally north–south continental beam explains: (1) opening of the Tyrrhenian Sea basin from 7–2 Ma, at which point sea-floor spreading ceases and the basin begins to shrink by southward subduction beneath Sicily; (2) the coeval development of an east-verging fold-and-thrust belt along the length of the Apennine–Sicilian belt in response to overthrusting of the autochthon to the east, followed by extension beginning at 1 Ma as the Apennine portion of the beam begins to retreat to the SW; and (3) subduction of continental and oceanic lithosphere east of the buckling beam into a trench that migrates eastward through time due to ‘push back’ by the buckling upper plate.
Power Loop Inductance Optimization Strategy for Eliminating Turn-off Switching Surge for GaN-HEMT Switching Device

The gallium nitride high electron mobility transistors (GaN-HEMTs) are increasingly applied for high-power switching converters. However, their fast switching in high-power applications tends to generate enormous switching surges at the turn-off, which may destroy the switching device. This problem can be mitigated by optimizing the wire structure to minimize the power loop inductance, although satisfactory reduction of this inductance is difficult in many practical designs. This paper address this issue by optimizing the power loop inductance rather than seeking the entire elimination of this inductance. This paper analytically elucidates the existence of the optimal power loop inductance that ideally generates no turn-off surge with fast-switching GaN-HEMTs. An experiment supported the analytical result, suggesting the optimal design of power loop inductance is promising for the power module design of GaN-HEMTs.
Observations of the structure of turbulent mixing across the Kuroshio

The mean structure of turbulence intensity across the Kuroshio in spring is presented by compositing microstructure profiles on a stream coordinate. The composite mean of turbulent energy dissipation rate ε¯ was high near fronts on both cyclonic and anticyclonic sides. On the cyclonic side, ε¯ > 10−8 W kg−1 (vertical diffusivity of > 3 × 10−5 m2 s−1) was observed in the region of strong vertical shear of geostrophic velocity. Depth‐averaged ε¯ within the depth range 50–150 m (150–250 m) was significantly higher at 0 to 50 km (−25 to 50 km) compared with >50 km from the axis. Although lower than on the cyclonic side, ε¯ at depths of 50–150 m on the anticyclonic side near the front was again enhanced. On this side, the total vertical shear of horizontal velocity was strong, whereas the geostrophic shear was weak.