Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Socio-demographic Predictors for Misinformation Sharing and Authenticating amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic among Malaysian Young Adults

This study investigates the socio-demographic predictors for misinformation sharing and authenticating behavior among Malaysian young adults, based on data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic through a self-reporting survey. A total of 833 Malaysians aged between 18 and 35 years old were recruited. Results indicate that 64.5% (n = 537) of the respondents authenticated suspicious news, 16% (n = 133) shared misinformation knowingly, while 30% (n = 250) did so unknowingly. Frequency of sharing news (β = 0.229, p < 0.001), frequency of social media use (β = 0.135, p = 0.03), frequency of access to online news portals (β = - 0.141, p = 0.007) and the ability to identify misinformation (β = -0.161, p < 0.001) significantly predicted misinformation sharing. Conversely, only frequency of sharing news (β = -0.425; p < 0.001) and importance of reading real news (β = 0.873; p < 0.001) predicted authentication behavior. Findings suggest that the majority of the misinformation sharing behavior is accidental instead of intentional, and proposes several strategies that can be adopted to mitigate the wide spread of misinformation including seminars and trainings to improve an individual's social media literacy, critical thinking and analytical skill and also one's social responsibility as a good citizen.
Constraining Andean Propagation of Exhumation at the Limit of the Eastern Cordillera, NW Argentina, Using Low‐Temperature Thermochronology in a Structural Context

Within the Central Andes of NW Argentina, the spatiotemporal distribution and style of deformation is strongly influenced by pre‐Cenozoic heterogeneities, mostly related to the Salta rift extension in the Cretaceous. At the enigmatic junction of the thin‐skinned Subandean belt and the thick‐skinned Santa Barbara System, the Tilcara Range and adjacent San Lucas block, located within the Eastern Cordillera, show thermochronological and field evidence of multiple exhumation events. Mesozoic (140‐115 Ma), pre‐Andean exhumation of basement highs is constrained by unconformities between basement and syn‐rift strata, as well as zircon (U‐Th‐Sm)/He cooling ages. Cenozoic Andean exhumation is quantified by apatite (U‐Th‐Sm)/He and fission track cooling ages, which were reset between the Late Cretaceous and Miocene. These data show that the westernmost Tilcara Range began exhuming in the late Oligocene‐early Miocene (26‐16 Ma), after which exhumation propagated to the border of the Eastern Cordillera in the middle Miocene (22‐10 Ma). The onset of rapid exhumation in the San Lucas block, which is located east of the Tilcara Range, occurred in the late Miocene (10‐8 Ma) in its western part, and in the late Miocene‐early Pliocene (6‐4 Ma) in its eastern part. Internal deformation of the San Lucas block, disturbing zircon (U‐Th‐Sm)/He and apatite fission track age patterns, predates propagation of rapid exhumation. The here presented low‐temperature thermochronology data set thus quantifies the multi‐phase exhumation history of the Eastern Cordillera of NW Argentina and constrains the timing of Andean propagation of exhumation within the Eastern Cordillera and the adjacent structural transition zone.
A Comparative Study Between Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology and Core Needle Biopsy in Diagnosing Clinically Palpable Breast Lumps

Background and objective Most breast diseases present as palpable lumps. The accuracy of their diagnosis can be enhanced by a combination of clinical examination, mammography, fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), and core needle biopsy (CNB) preoperatively. The ultimate aim of FNAC or CNB of the breast mass is to confirm the diagnosis of cancer preoperatively, which may help avoid unnecessary surgeries for benign conditions. Histopathology is the gold standard to establish the diagnosis of a breast mass. In this study, we aimed to compare the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC with those of trucut biopsy, and provide a combined assessment of FNAC and CNB against the final histopathological diagnosis of excised breast mass in suspected breast malignancies. Materials and methods This was a prospective, observational, cross-sectional study conducted for a duration of one year involving 42 patients with suspected breast cancer cases who underwent FNAC, CNB, and surgical excision followed by a histopathological examination. Data were collected and analyzed in terms of sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC and CNB in comparison with histopathology. Results The majority of the patients in the study (78.6%) were in the age group of 31-50 years. In our study, FNAC showed a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy of 74.1%, 76.9%, 87.0%, 64.7%, and 75% respectively. CNB had a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy of 85.2%, 92.8%, 95.8%, 76.5%, and 87.8% respectively. The level of agreement between the two modalities (FNAC and CNB) was moderate and statistically significant (k=0.543; p<0.001). In the combined assessment of FNAC and CNB against final histopathological diagnosis for malignancy/borderline diagnosis, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy were 89.3%, 85.7%, 92.6%, 80%, and 88.1% respectively. Conclusion The diagnostic accuracy of the combined assessment of FNAC and CNB against final histopathological diagnosis for malignancy/borderline diagnosis was better than that of FNAC or CNB alone. This finding shows that both the techniques complement each other. FNAC and CNB are used as the first- and second-line methods of pathological diagnosis respectively.
The possible contribution of procrastination and perception of self-efficacy to academic achievement

ABSTRACT While procrastination is a widely recognised phenomenon, current research sometimes contends that it is not by definition negative or that absence of procrastination is necessarily positive. Accordingly, a characterological distinction has been made between passive procrastinators and active procrastinators; the latter resembling non-procrastinators. The basis of this study derives from quantitative research, using three questionnaires in the survey method. A theoretical model whereby students’ perception of self-efficacy impacts procrastination was used to study 145 Master of Education (M.Ed) students in the process of writing their thesis in two Israeli Orthodox educational institutions. The findings revealed that the score for meeting deadlines was higher among non-procrastinators when compared to both types of procrastinators. No differences were found between students who actively procrastinate and those passively procrastinating, either with reference to self-efficacy or by measuring achievement. Procrastination strategies were identified as correlating with perceptions of self-efficacy (both general and academic) and final grades. Additionally, active procrastinators were found to be more academically procrastinators than passive procrastinators, while less studious. The declined hypotheses may be explained by reference to terms popular in Israeli culture, the inference being that active Israeli procrastinators do not plan their procrastination as carefully as do other westerners. Positive correlation was found between the theoretical model and the empirical data obtained from the questionnaires. However, self-efficacy, whose relationship to academic achievement is frequently emphasised, was not found to be a direct influence; rather it represents a factor mediated through procrastination.
Effective phase transformation behavior of NiTi triply periodic minimal surface architectures

The effective behavior of shape memory alloy triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures is investigated using finite element analysis and numerical homogenization. The TPMS unit cells considered are primitive, IW-P, gyroid, and diamond subjected to different loading conditions. Under uniaxial displacement-driven loading, the results show a dramatic increase in effective stress and martensite volume fraction with increased relative density of the TPMS unit cell. Comparison among the four types of TPMS unit cells shows that diamond has superior mechanical performance for the loading cases considered. Based on numerical homogenization results, the onset and subsequent thresholds of phase transformation are determined for all four unit cells considering multiaxial loading. At lower relative density, the loading surfaces corresponding to the onset of phase transformation were reasonably well represented by either von Mises or Hill’s criteria. The observed fit with the von Mises model degenerated with increased effective martensite volume fraction, while a proper fit was maintained with Hill’s criterion. Subsequent loading surfaces, corresponding to monotonically increasing martensite volume fraction, show a nonlinear hardening behavior, which seems to follow a similar trend regardless of geometry. The loading surfaces were found to reach asymptotic states with distinctly different features compared to their initial shapes.
Theta characteristics of an algebraic curve

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Teacher's Job Stress Associated with a Virtual Class Application and Work Duration during Covid-19 Pandemic

Introduction: The increasing number of Covid-19 cases in Indonesia triggers fear and anxiety in the community and causes stress. Teachers who work are at risk of experiencing job stress. The change in the learning system from face-to-face to distance learning requires teachers to adapt to the new technology applied. The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationship between the understanding of the Google Classroom application and duration of work during the Covid-19 pandemic with job stress. Methods: This research is an analytical research with a cross sectional approach. The research was conducted in 8 public high schools in Nganjuk District, and the samples were 115 teachers. Data retrieval was done by using an online questionnaire via Google Form. The variables in this research were the understanding of the Google Classroom (knowledge, perceptions of the usefulness and ease of use), work duration and job stress. Bivariate analysis used Spearmans’ Rho correlation test to determine the relationship between variables. Results: Most respondents had a moderate level of knowledge, and most of them had a fairly good perception of the usefulness and ease of use of the Google Classroom application. The duration of work that most respondents had was 2 hours, and the highest category of job stress was mild stress. Conclusion: The understanding of the Google Classroom application (knowledge of the Google Classroom application, the perception of the usefulness of the Google Classroom application and the perception of the ease of use of the Google Classroom application) and the duration of work had a significant relationship with job stress among public high school teachers in Nganjuk District during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Can liberalised electricity markets deliver on climate change and energy poverty? Evidence from community projects in Great Britain

ABSTRACT This paper reports on tensions between decarbonisation and energy poverty priorities in Great Britain’s liberalised electricity markets. Switching electricity suppliers in this market can result in significant benefits for those on bad deals. Further benefits are determined by the regulator. However, many of the energy poor lack the capabilities to switch and access these benefits. Community organisations play an important role in providing such access through remedial action. Using the capabilities approach, this paper combines quantitative and qualitative organisational data analysis at a community level to reveal an increasing share of the population who could benefit from switching and who agree to switching. At the same time, eligibility for one-off discounts on electricity bills to support the energy poor has increased sharply in recent years. This data points towards climate mitigation policies and market structures which benefit wealthier groups at the expense of more deprived groups who lack capabilities. At the micro scale, data access and intermediation at various levels and scales can help support more targeted interventions that facilitate well-being and enhanced capabilities. At the macro level, liberalised retail electricity markets need to be accommodated by safety nets and supportive institutional arrangements to avoid competitive pressures translating into complexity and opacity for consumers. Failure to equitably address capability conflicts, also framed as energy justice tensions and trade-offs, risks reinforcing and creating new injustices.
From ill-being to well-being: Bipolar or bivariate?

ABSTRACT Despite the inception of positive psychology more than 20 years ago, the fundamental question about whether well-being and ill-being are bipolar (opposites of a single continuum) or bivariate (two independent, orthogonal continua) remains controversial. Leveraging methodological advances, the present study seeks to provide new empirical evidence to the controversy through three operationalizations, including a variable-centered approach (confirmatory factor analysis), a person-centered approach (latent profile analysis), and a two-way visualization clustering both variables and persons. Analyses were performed based on a large, diverse sample of 7,448 participants worldwide. The findings suggest that well-being and ill-being are bipolar, located at opposite ends of a single bipolar continuum. We highlight how bipolarity does not contradict the goal of positive psychology, nor does it disagree with the notion that well-being is not the absence of ill-being. The implications of bipolarity on measuring and cultivating well-being are also discussed.
Parents with intellectual disability reporting on factors affecting their caregiving in the wake of the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study

Abstract Background Parents with intellectual disability are vulnerable to parenting stress and overwhelming life events. The COVID‐19 pandemic constitutes a potentially overwhelming event, but there is little knowledge concerning the effects on parents' caregiving. The present study aimed to fill this gap. Method Semi‐structured interviews with 10 Swedish parents with intellectual disability were analysed using thematic analysis. Results One broad caregiving‐related theme: increased caregiving demands and reduced resources for coping resulting in strained parent–child interactions and relationships. Four subthemes highlighted influential factors: pandemic information, professional support, social relationships and informal support, and children's school activities. Strained parent–child interactions were particularly common in the absence of adapted pandemic information, if professional and informal support were compromised, and if the parents had dealt with school‐related changes. Conclusions Findings support contextual models of caregiving and a stress‐resources perspective, and emphasise the importance of adapted information and support to parents with intellectual disability during crises.
ADAPTIVE OPTICS IMAGING OF QUASI-STELLAR OBJECTS WITH DOUBLE-PEAKED NARROW LINES: ARE THEY DUAL ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI?

Active galaxies hosting two accreting and merging supermassive black holes (SMBHs)—dual active galactic nuclei (AGNs)—are predicted by many current and popular models of black-hole–galaxy co-evolution. We present here the results of a program that has identified a set of probable dual AGN candidates based on near-infrared laser guide star adaptive optics imaging with the Keck II telescope. These candidates are selected from a complete sample of radio-quiet quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), which show double-peaked narrow AGN emission lines. Of the 12 AGNs imaged, we find 6 with double galaxy structure, of which four are in galaxy mergers. We measure the ionization of the two velocity components in the narrow AGN lines to test the hypothesis that both velocity components come from an active nucleus. The combination of a well-defined parent sample and high-quality imaging allows us to place constraints on the fraction of SDSS QSOs that host dual accreting black holes separated on kiloparsec scales: ∼0.3%–0.65%. We derive from this fraction the time spent in a QSO phase during a typical merger and find a value that is much lower than estimates that arise from QSO space densities and galaxy merger statistics. We discuss possible reasons for this difference. Finally, we compare the SMBH mass distributions of single and dual AGNs and find little difference between the two within the limited statistics of our program, hinting that most SMBH growth happens in the later stages of a merger process.
Radial Basis Functions, Multi-Variable Functional Interpolation and Adaptive Networks

Abstract : The relationship between 'learning' in adaptive layered networks and the fitting of data with high dimensional surfaces is discussed. This leads naturally to a picture of 'generalization in terms of interpolation between known data points and suggests a rational approach to the theory of such networks. A class of adaptive networks is identified which makes the interpolation scheme explicit. This class has the property that learning is equivalent to the solution of a set of linear equations. These networks thus represent nonlinear relationships while having a guaranteed learning rule. Great Britain.
Standardization of media for tray nursery technique in rice

OF THE THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Agriculture (AGRONOMY) Faculty of Agriculture Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur Department of Agronomy COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE VELLANIKKARA, THRISSUR – 680656 KERALA, INDIA 2015
On The Critical Reynolds Number For Transition From Laminar To Turbulent Flow

In this visualisation, the transition from laminar to turbulent flow is characterised by the intermittent ejection of wall fluid into the outer stream. The normalised thickness of the viscous flow layer reaches an asymptotic value but the physical thickness drops exponentially after transition. The critical transition pipe Reynolds number can be obtained simply by equating it with the asymptotic value of the normalised thickness of viscous flow layer. Key words: Transition, critical stability Reynolds number, critical transition Reynolds number, non-Newtonian pipe flow
Prostanoid Metabolites as Biomarkers in Human Disease

Prostaglandins (PGD2, PGE2, PGF2α), prostacyclin (PGI2), and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) together form the prostanoid family of lipid mediators. As autacoids, these five primary prostanoids propagate intercellular signals and are involved in many physiological processes. Furthermore, alterations in their biosynthesis accompany a wide range of pathological conditions, which leads to substantially increased local levels during disease. Primary prostanoids are chemically instable and rapidly metabolized. Their metabolites are more stable, integrate the local production on a systemic level, and their analysis in various biological matrices yields valuable information under different pathological settings. Therefore, prostanoid metabolites may be used as diagnostic, predictive, or prognostic biomarkers in human disease. Although their potential as biomarkers is great and extensive research has identified major prostanoid metabolites that serve as target analytes in different biofluids, the number of studies that correlate prostanoid metabolite levels to disease outcome is still limited. We review the metabolism of primary prostanoids in humans, summarize the levels of prostanoid metabolites in healthy subjects, and highlight existing biomarker studies. Since analysis of prostanoid metabolites is challenging because of ongoing metabolism and limited half-lives, an emphasis of this review lies on the reliable measurement and interpretation of obtained levels.
Nephroprotective Effect of Alhagi Maurorum Bread Against CCl4 Induced Nephrotoxicity in Experimental Rats.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential effect of Alhagi maurorum bread on nephrotoxicity caused by CCl4 in rats. In addition, the chemicals composition (moisture, protein, fat. fiber, ash and carbohydrates). Determined also total phenolic, flavonoids and total antioxidant content of Alhagi maurorum. Forty-two rats were divided into six equal groups. Group 1: control group (normal). Group2: treated with CCl4 (1ml/kg body weight (b.w)), twice a week for 4 weeks. Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 were treated with the same dose of CCl4 administered with Alhagi maurorum bread at concentrations 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% of Alhagi maurorum bread respectively. Results appeared that rats treated with CCl4 showed a significant increment in kidney function (urea and creatinine), total lipid, cholesterol, triglycerides and malondialdehyde (MDA), but a significant decline in the mean values of Glutathione peroxidase phytochemicals compounds (phenolic and flavonoids) and antioxidants. This protective activity of Alhagi maurorum bread suggests that regular consumption of it or food containing phenolic, flavonoids and antioxidants may protect against Nephrotoxicity and imbalanced antioxidants. Thus, the possibility that Alhagi maurorum bread reduces the risk Nephrotoxicity. function. The results support the use of Alhagi bread ratio 7.5 % and 10% to treat nephrotoxicity.
A Comparative Study of Intravital CT and Autopsy Findings in Fatal Traumatic Injuries

Objectives: Traumatic injuries are one of the severe health problems of our time. In the 21st Century, approximately 4.5 million people worldwide die each year due to trauma. Computed tomography (CT) is widely used to diagnose injuries and offers information on the specific location and extent of organ and tissue damage. In cases of severe trauma, whole-body CT is increasingly used as a standard diagnostic technique. An autopsy is the final diagnostic examination and is still considered the gold standard in diagnostic methods in medicine. The aim of the study was to assess the reliability and accuracy of CT scan results, as well as limits in detecting trauma for forensic purposes. It aims to compare traumatic findings in the antemortem CT results to those observed at autopsy. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective–prospective study involving 510 deaths due to trauma. We compared selected traumatic changes in the antemortem CT scan results with the autopsy findings. We obtained data with a detailed analysis of autopsy protocols, photographic documentation from the autopsies, and the interpretation of CT scans from medical documentation. In cases of discrepancies in the findings, we borrowed CT scans, which were repeatedly reviewed by clinical radiologists. Results: By comparing the findings of selected injuries detected by antemortem CT and autopsy, we found a correlation of findings in 75.3% and a discrepancy of findings in 24.7% in a set of 510 cases. After repeated targeted assessment of CT images by clinical radiologists in cases of discrepancies in the findings, which were detected by autopsy and undescribed by CT, the discrepancy decreased to 17%. Conclusions: The results of the study are comparable with data from many studies and professional publications. They show that CT compared to autopsy is a good method for diagnosing gunshot wounds to the head and bone fractures, with a limited diagnosis of cranial base fractures, while an autopsy is better for detecting minor injuries to organs and soft tissues.