Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hidradenitis suppurativa: an update on epidemiology, phenotypes, diagnosis, pathogenesis, comorbidities and quality of life

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that severely impairs patients' quality of life. It is characterized by recurrent painful nodules, abscesses and draining sinus tracts in primarily intertriginous areas. We aimed to review the most up‐to‐date information regarding the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic studies, pathogenesis, comorbidities and quality of life of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa. We performed a systematic search of Medline, Embase database (from inception to September 2019) and review of bibliographies without restrictions on year or language. HS has an estimated global prevalence of 0.00033–4.1% (but most likely 0.7–1.2% in the European‐US population). Patients still experience a significant diagnostic delay, up to several years. In the absence of pathognomonic tests, the diagnosis of HS is made from clinical observation and the disease narrative. Phenotypic variation renders diagnosis and severity assessment difficult. Ultrasound imaging is an emerging assessment tool for deep‐seated lesions. The Hurley Staging System is still widely used in severity rating. Follicular hyperkeratosis and dilatation, follicular rupture and chronic inflammation with architectural tissue changes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of HS. HS has been associated with metabolic syndrome and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus type II, polycystic ovarian syndrome, depression, suicide and substance use disorders. It has been linked to other immune‐mediated diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and spondyloarthropathy. Pain, pruritus, malodour, low self‐esteem, sleep and sexual dysfunctions, and poor mental health are chronic symptoms or consequences of uncontrolled disease. HS is an under‐diagnosed and under‐treated disease with a profound negative impact on patients' quality of life. In the light of its associated comorbidities, an interdisciplinary management approach may be needed to ensure the best outcomes.
Osteoclastogenesis Modulatory Steroids from the South China Sea Gorgonian Coral Iciligorgia sp.

A new 9,11‐secosteroid, (22R)‐22‐acetoxy‐3β,6α,11‐trihydroxy‐9,11‐seco‐5α‐cholest‐7‐en‐9‐one, along with twelve known analogues were isolated from the South China Sea gorgonian coral Iciligorgia sp. Their structures were determined by the spectroscopic analysis and comparison with reported data. In an in vitro test of osteoclastic differentiation, three compounds exhibited significant down‐regulating effect whereas two compounds showed significant up‐regulating effect at 0.5 and 1.0 μm. This is the first report of the chemical investigation of the gorgonian Iciligorgia sp. The acetoxy substitution at C‐22 seems to play an important role in the regulating activity.
The etiology of maternal postpartum depressive symptoms: Childhood emotional maltreatment, couple relationship satisfaction, and genes.

There is a call for integrative studies examining the roles of biological and psychosocial factors and their interrelations in shaping maternal postpartum psychopathology. Using longitudinal data from 198 primiparous mothers, we tested a biopsychosocial model for the etiology of maternal postpartum depressive symptoms that integrated childhood emotional maltreatment, couple relationship satisfaction, and oxytocin and dopamine D4 receptor genes (i.e., OXTR rs53576 and DRD4). Results indicate (a) two indirect effects from childhood emotional maltreatment and DRD4 to depressive symptoms at 1 year postpartum through couple relationship satisfaction at 6 months postpartum; (b) an interactive effect between DRD4 and couple relationship satisfaction at 6 months postpartum in predicting depressive symptoms at 1 year postpartum, which is in concert with the differential susceptibility hypotheses; and (c) no mediating effects or moderating effects (after adjusting for multiple testing with Bonferroni correction) involving OXTR rs53576. Notably, all associations were identified after controlling for several key covariates (e.g., maternal prenatal depressive symptoms). Last, robustness of the currently identified interactive effect involving DRD4 was demonstrated by an extensive set of additional analyses considering the effects of rGE, G × Covariates, and/or E × Covariates. Taken altogether, this study represents one of the initial efforts for a more sophisticated portrayal of how nature and nurture forces may work in conjunction with each other to shape new mothers' psychopathology. Yet given the current modest sample size and candidate gene approach, our findings are preliminary, should be cautiously interpreted, and need to be replicated with more rigorous designs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Une sous-famille caractéristique des forêts humides primaires malgaches : les Rossodinae (Trichoptera, Philopotamidae)

ABSTRACT Rossodinae, a subfamily characteristic of the pristine Malagasy rainforests (Trichoptera, Philopotamidae). The Rossodinae Özdikmen & Darilmaz, 2008, one of the three sub-families of Philopotamidae Stephens, 1829 are only known by two type specimens from the Tsaratanana Mountain, from which this subfamily has been described. An inventory of the Malagasy aquatic fauna has resulted in the discovery of a more abundant material that includes 15 species, all new and described here: Rossodes mantadia n. sp. , R. pilakai n. sp. , R. hertui n. sp. , R. goodmani n. sp. , R. manantenina n. sp. , R. fabienneae n. sp. , R. andohahela n. sp. , R. ambreensis n. sp. , R. namorona n. sp. , R. marojejyiensis, R. langrandi n. sp. , R. humberti n. sp. , R. rakotonirinai n. sp. , R. ambatomisana n. sp. and R. ankaratra n. sp. The morphological study confirmed the monophyly and the antiquity of the lineage. One of the plesiomorphic characters, the furca 4 of the male hindwings, has not been observed among the new species and exist only in the species originating from the Tsaratanana. The deformation of the inferior appendages, a remarkable apomorphy, is present in the whole lineage. Characters of male genitalia distinguish the different species, particularly the tenth tergite, the superior appendages and the internal sclerites of the phallic apparatus. The genus occurs from North to South of the island, from sea level up to 1800 m. It is strictly confined to small creeks in humid pristine forests. Its distribution is limited to the eastern slope and some of the last forests in the Central Highlands. This group illustrates the decisive effect of the vegetation on the physical and chemical conditions of running waters and, as a consequence, on aquatic wildlife. The specific distributions are small, generally limited to a single watershed.
LncRNA NEAT1 modulates sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma through regulating the miR-149-5p/AKT1 axis

Background/Aims: The purpose of this study is to explore the expression characteristics of lncRNA NEAT1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the molecular mechanism of its regulation on sorafenib resistance. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed from June 2013 to June 2019. The level of NEAT1 was determined using RT-PCR in HCC and matched adjacent tissues from 79 HCC patients in Linyi central hospital. The patients were divided into two groups to compare their prognosis based on the median NEAT1 expressions as a cutoff value. HCC cell line HepG2 negative control (HepG2-NC), sorafenib-resistant HepG2 cells (HepG2-SR) were transfected with or without NEAT1 siRNA, followed by subsequent molecular analysis, to determine the function of NEAT1 on sorafenib resistance in HCC cells. The cell transcripts were determined by RNA-sequencing analysis. The binding site of the NEAT1 and microRNA-149-5p (miR-149-5p) was verified by luciferase assay. Results: We found that NEAT1 was significantly increased in HCC tissues. Furthermore, NEAT1 expressions were significantly associated with HCC prognosis and chemoresistance patterns against sorafenib. Subsequently, the sorafenib-resistant HCC cell lines, together with the controls, were used to determine the regulatory effect of NEAT1 on HCC cells' progression and sorafenib resistance. NEAT1 targets the miR-149-5p, and therefore, decrease the activity of sorafenib against HCC cells. NEAT1 functions were demonstrated to be triggered by the regulation of miR-149-5p/AKT1 axis. Conclusions: NEAT1/miR-149-5p/AKT1 pathway-based therapy might be a potential clinical application for HCC patients.
Animal models of mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 pathology

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infections has led to a substantial unmet need for treatments, many of which will require testing in appropriate animal models of this disease. Vaccine trials are already underway, but there remains an urgent need to find other therapeutic approaches to either target SARS‐CoV‐2 or the complications arising from viral infection, particularly the dysregulated immune response and systemic complications which have been associated with progression to severe COVID‐19. At the time of writing, in vivo studies of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection have been described using macaques, cats, ferrets, hamsters, and transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). These infection models have already been useful for studies of transmission and immunity, but to date only partly model the mechanisms involved in human severe COVID‐19. There is therefore an urgent need for development of animal models for improved evaluation of efficacy of drugs identified as having potential in the treatment of severe COVID‐19. These models need to reproduce the key mechanisms of COVID‐19 severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and the immunopathology and systemic sequelae associated with this disease. Here, we review the current models of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19‐related disease mechanisms and suggest ways in which animal models can be adapted to increase their usefulness in research into COVID‐19 pathogenesis and for assessing potential treatments.
Suicidal thinking and behaviours in First Episode Psychosis: Findings from a 3‐year longitudinal study

Suicide risk is greater at the beginning of the course of psychosis. Purpose of this research was: (a) to investigate prevalence and incidence rates of suicide attempts, suicidal thinking and completed suicide in First Episode Psychosis (FEP) help‐seekers as compared with non‐FEP help‐seeking peers, and (b) to examine any correlation of suicidal ideation with other baseline psychopathological predictors.
Association of hypertension with the severity and fatality of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A meta-analysis

Abstract Hypertension is a common comorbidity in COVID-19 patients. However, the association of hypertension with the severity and fatality of COVID-19 remain unclear. In the present meta-analysis, relevant studies reported the impacts of hypertension on SARS-CoV-2 infection were identified by searching PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, Embase and CNKI up to 20 March 2020. As the results shown, 12 publications with 2389 COVID-19 patients (674 severe cases) were included for the analysis of disease severity. The severity rate of COVID-19 in hypertensive patients was much higher than in non-hypertensive cases (37.58% vs 19.73%, pooled OR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.80–2.86). Moreover, the pooled ORs of COVID-19 severity for hypertension vs. non-hypertension was 2.21 (95% CI: 1.58–3.10) and 2.32 (95% CI: 1.70–3.17) in age <50 years and ⩾50 years patients, respectively. Additionally, six studies with 151 deaths of 2116 COVID-19 cases were included for the analysis of disease fatality. The results showed that hypertensive patients carried a nearly 3.48-fold higher risk of dying from COVID-19 (95% CI: 1.72–7.08). Meanwhile, the pooled ORs of COVID-19 fatality for hypertension vs. non-hypertension was 6.43 (95% CI: 3.40–12.17) and 2.66 (95% CI: 1.27–5.57) in age <50 years and ⩾50 years patients, respectively. Neither considerable heterogeneity nor publication bias was observed in the present analysis. Therefore, our present results provided further evidence that hypertension could significantly increase the risks of severity and fatality of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Glucosidase Activity in Acanthamoeba (Mayorella) palestinensis. The Effect of Glucose and Natural Glucosides on α- and β-Glucosidases

SYNOPSIS. Acanthamoeba (Mayorella) palestinensis produces high basal levels of α- and β-glucosidases, the latter being much more active than the former. Glucose, an essential growth substance, has a dual effect on the glucosidase activity. Growth concentrations (1%) of glucose inhibit, while low levels elevate the activity of both enzymes. Natural α-glucosides support growth in the same manner as glucose and raise the activity of both enzymes to the same extent. β-glucosides, on the other hand, are weak growth substrates, but stronger inducers, especially for β-glucosidase activity. The role of the glucosidases in the over-all metabolism of the ameba is discussed.
Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration and Victimization Among Young Adult Sexual Minorities.

CONTEXT Intimate partner violence (IPV) among sexual minority young adults has been understudied, and victimization and perpetration estimates are needed. METHODS Data on 13,653 women and men aged 24-32 who participated in Wave 4 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health were used to examine associations between sexual orientation and IPV perpetration and victimization in respondents' current or most recent relationship. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify associations between respondent characteristics and three IPV categories (physical violence, threatened violence and forced sex). RESULTS Some 94% of males and 80% of females identified as 100% heterosexual; 4% of males and 16% of females as mostly heterosexual; 1% of males and 2% of females as bisexual; and 2% of males and females as either mostly homosexual or 100% homosexual. Compared with their heterosexual counterparts, mostly heterosexual women were more likely to report having perpetrated or been a victim of physical IPV (odds ratios, 1.9 and 1.6, respectively), having threatened violence (2.0) and having been a victim of threatened violence and forced sex (1.6 for each); mostly heterosexual males were more likely to have been a perpetrator or victim of physical IPV (3.1 and 1.8, respectively) and a perpetrator of forced sex and threatened violence (2.0 and 1.8, respectively). Bisexual males had elevated odds of physical violence victimization (3.3) and forced sex victimization (4.9) and perpetration (5.0). CONCLUSIONS Some sexual minority groups are disproportionately affected by IPV, indicating a need for increased prevention efforts and for studies exploring the mechanisms underlying these differences.
Morphogenesis of the Shoulder Architecture. Part V. Monotremata

Department of Anatomy, Johns Hopkins University IN THE present series of papers concerning the shoulder architecture in vertebrates the Monotremata naturally follow the Reptilia. The former cannot be regarded as in any way representing the "prototherian" conditions in this feature of their anatomy, however, as one of their group names would imply. Rather must their shoulder be considered as a development of the reptilian type, highly specialized, and culminating, as well as terminating, in this group. For more than 5o years the work of Westling on the anatomy of Echidna, and for 40, that of McKay on Ornithorhynchus, have been standard, and have been quoted far and wide. Both are excellent papers, indicating unusual care in dissecting, and the latter is further useful in that the author quotes extensively from previous reports on the subject. Westling's figures are excellent, but insufficiently diversified, while those of McKay are rather poor. If one desires purely topographical detail these papers are entirely adequate, but they are too old to reflect modern concepts of morphology, and present-day reports upon the anatomy of this group are highly desirable. The shoulder region of a specimen of Ornithorhynchus was dissected, through the generosity of the U. S. National Museum, and the undertaking involved not a little difficulty. The muscles were particularly robust and closely crowded, the connective tissue about the nerves aggravatingly tough, and the smaller arteries o difficult to distinguish from nerves, that I suspect that the last feature accounts for some of the questionable innervations reported in the literature. 14ence, in the present study the innervations often were verified microscopically.
Reproduction, seasonal activity and growth of the coral snake, Micrurus corallinus (Elapidae), in the southeastern Atlantic forest in Brazil

Dissection of 360 specimens of the coral snake Micrurus corallinus, combined with data on captive individuals and field observations, provided information on the reproductive ecology of this elapid snake. Clutch size ranged from 2 to 12 eggs, and was correlated with maternal body size. Reproduction seems to be highly seasonal, with mating and vitellogenesis occurring at the onset of the rainy season, oviposition in mid rainy season, and hatching at the end of the rainy season and early dry season. Incubation in the laboratory ranged from 78 to 93 days. Neonates measured 177-197 mm snout-vent length and weighed 2.02-2.76 g. Growth of juveniles is quick, with both males and females attaining sexual maturity at an age of about 18 months. Seasonal patterns of surface activity seem to be related to age and sex.
Changes in the Physiology and Feed Quality of Prairie Grass during Regrowth

Species-specific grazing management is required to maximize the potential of perennial grass species, and it follows that the optimal performance of prairie gross (Bromus willdenowii Kunth.) as a dairy pasture species is reliant on a customized optimal grazing interval. The aim of the present study was to investigate morphological and physiological changes in prairie grass during regrowth to establish a basis for optimum defoliation management of prairie grass pastures. Greenhouse treatments consisted of one preliminary harvest followed by six sequential harvests at each leaf regrowth stage front one to six fully expanded leaves per tiller. Leaf tissue, stubble tissue below 50 mm and roots were collected at each harvest event. Root and stubble samples were analyzed for water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC). Leaf samples were analyzed for P, K, Na, Mg, Ca, and N concentrations and metabolizable energy (ME) was predicted by near-infrared spectrometry (NIRS). This study confirmed that the tiller base in prairie grass is the primary storage organ for WSC and that leaf growth has the highest priority for available energy following defoliation, followed by root growth and tiller initiation. A defoliation interval based on the 4-leaf stage of regrowth enabled adequate time for prairie grass to replenish WSC reserves, resume root growth and initiate new tillers, before the onset of significant leaf senescence and consequent reduction in feed quality. At the 4-leaf stage, feed quality was relatively high (ME > 11.80 MJ kg -1 DM), with concentrations of P, K and Na adequate to meet the needs of a high-producing dairy cow. Concentrations of Ca and Mg were insufficient to meet these requirements throughout the regrowth cycle. © American Society of Agronomy.
Spatial and Temporal Use of Habitat by the Red-necked Pademelon, Thylogale thetis (Marsupialia : Macropodidae)

Use of habitat by 10 red-necked pademelons was studied by radio-tracking in an area of rain forest that adjoined pasture. They consistently moved at nightfall to pasture, where they grazed until their return to the rain forest shortly before daybreak. The time of movement between habitats was highly predictable and varied seasonally with changes in daylength. Nocturnal and diurnal range areas are described within the total area occupied by each individual. They rarely moved from the forest edge more than 70 m onto pasture or 500 m into rain forest. Animals were not nocturnal and travelled widely through the rain forest by day, seeking food and sites for basking. The nocturnal and diurnal partitioning of habitat is seen as a strategy for exploiting the rich food resource of pasture while maximizing the probability of avoiding predators.
Socioeconomic Disparities in the Community Food Environment of a Medium-Sized City of Brazil

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this ecological study was to characterize the community food environment according to the socioeconomic condition of census tracts (CTs) in the urban area of a medium-sized city of southeastern Brazil in 2016. Method: Food establishments were identified on the streets covered by raters and information about type was collected through objective assessment. Geocoding was carried out from address observed by raters. Food establishments were categorized into establishments with predominant sale of natural or minimally processed foods, mixed establishments, and establishments with predominant sale of ultra-processed foods. The distribution of the number of establishments, by category, was evaluated according to tertiles of per capita income of the CT. The kernel estimation was used to analyze the density of establishments by category. The spatial pattern of the categories of establishments was investigated using the univariate Ripley’s K-function. Results: A total of 656 establishments were evaluated. In all, 11.1% had predominant sale of natural or minimally processed foods, 44.5% were mixed, and 44.4% had predominant sale of ultra-processed foods. The average of establishments with predominant sale of natural or minimally processed foods, of ultra-processed foods, and all categories increased according to the income of the CT. There was a clustering of all categories of establishments in high-income CTs downtown. However, peripheral and low-income CTs were composed of a higher number of mixed establishments or those with predominant sale of ultra-processed foods than establishments with predominant sale of natural or minimally processed foods. Conclusions: On average, the number of all categories of establishments increased according to the per capita income of the CT and were clustered in central and higher-income regions of the city. These findings may have practical implications for the development of public policies to increase the availability of healthy foods and to reduce the sale of unhealthy foods.
Naturally occurring progesterone in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.): A major steroid precursor of environmental androgens

Progesterone, androstenedione, and androstadienedione were previously identified in the water and sediment of the Fenholloway River (Taylor County, FL, USA), a river that contains populations of masculinized female mosquitofish downstream of a paper mill, at levels higher than those in the nearby Spring Creek. Plant sterols, such as β‐sitosterol in mill effluent derived from pine tree pulp, were suggested to be metabolized by bacteria to progesterone and androgens to account for the masculinization phenomenon. The current study made use of standard solid‐phase methanol extraction procedures, high‐performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and a cell‐based, androgen‐receptor transcription assay to determine naturally occurring progesterone levels in mature pine trees. Progesterone concentrations in the loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were 49.34 ± 4.1 nmol/g dry mature wood (15.5 ± 1.29 μg/g), 12.26 ± 1.78 nmol/g pine needles (3.85 ± 0.56 μg/g), and 3.81 ± 0.36 nmol/g pine bark (1.19 ± 0.11 μg/g). The results suggest that naturally occurring progesterone from pine wood pulp contributes to increased progesterone levels downstream of paper mill effluent discharges and may serve as the natural steroid precursor for environmental androgen production that causes masculinization of female mosquitofish.