Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calibration of the Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guidefor Flexible Pavement Design in Arkansas

Because of potential differences between national and local conditions, the Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) should be calibrated to a local level. Arkansas has invested heavily in efforts to implement the MEPDG. This paper summarizes the initial local calibration of flexible pavement models in the MEPDG for Arkansas. Data from the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) database and local pavement management system (PMS) were used. The solver function in Microsoft Excel was used to optimize the coefficients for alligator cracking. Iterative runs of the MEPDG by means of discrete calibration coefficients were conducted to optimize rutting models. In general, the alligator cracking and rutting models are improved by calibration. However, a question remains about the suitability of the calibrated models for routine design. Many default values were used in the MEPDG because of a lack of data. It is recommended that additional sites be established and a more robust data collection procedure be implemented for future calibration efforts. The difference in the definitions of transverse cracking between the MEPDG and the LTPP may be critical to data collection and identification. Thermal cracking should be specifically identified in a transverse cracking survey to calibrate the transverse cracking model in MEPDG. The procedure using LTPP and PMS data for local calibration of the MEPDG in Arkansas is established. Additional development of database software for data manipulation, preprocessing, and quality control—under way in Arkansas—will significantly streamline the calibration process.
Multi-stakeholder platforms for integrated water management

in a number of locations in the United States. They include computer-generated map based scenarios, alternative visual representations of a street scene, and stories outlining the potential impact of different planning proposals on a number of individuals living in an area in the future. The individual chapters are based on presentations to a symposium and are mainly written by planning academics, but also include contributions from consultants in planning and GBN (Global Business Network), one of the best known companies using scenarios in a business context. As a result although there is breadth in terms of examples, approaches and individual contributions, few of the issues raised about planning’s relationship with the future are considered in depth. The intention of the book is to raise questions about the way planning approaches its tasks, to encourage thinking about a multiplicity of plausible futures rather than a single plan based on the unattainable perfect forecast. It acknowledges that scenarios have been used in some situations but that: ‘‘In current practice we pretend we can choose with certainty a future and work towards it (the preferred scenario). In fully adopting scenario planning ideas we acknowledge that the future cannot be selected with certainty. We keep multiple scenarios in the mix so that we can plan and act in the face of multiple futures’’ (p. 10). This may challenge our desire for certainty and control but just as Shell, one of the foremost commercial users found, scenarios can be a means to help plan things that everyone knows are unpredictable. Several of the authors argue that if planning is to deal more effectively with the future there is a need to focus less on the past as that tends to constrain rather than encourage alternative ideas. One example of this is the way that, ‘‘Most time graphs fail in shaping attention about the future in that they stop in the present’’ (p. 66). It may seem logical because there are no future data but the blank space, or alternative forecasts based on different assumptions (scenarios), represent the future and can direct attention to it. For anyonewith a planning backgroundwhowishes to explore some of theways in which scenarios can be applied to land-use planning without needing to consult the original literature,Engaging the future canprovideauseful introduction. It is basedmostlywithinaUS context andmost of the examples dealwith urban expansion into open land, but the questions it raises about planning for the future are of wider relevance and if, as one of the authors contends, the essential task of planning is to build a bridge from present individualism to community future, considering those questions can make a useful contribution.
A New Type of Tri-Input TFET with T-Shaped Channel Structure Exhibiting Three-Input Majority Logic Behavior

In this paper, we propose a new type of tri-input tunneling field-effect transistor (Ti-TFET) that can compactly realize the “Majority-Not” logic function with a single transistor. It features an ingenious T-shaped channel and three independent-biasing gates deposited and patterned on its left, right, and upper sides, which greatly enhance the electrostatic control ability between any two gates of all the three gates on the device channel and thus increase its turn-on current. The total current density and energy band distribution in different biasing conditions are analyzed in detail by TCAD simulations. The turn-on current, leakage current, and ratio of turn-on/off current are optimized by choosing appropriate work function and body thickness. TCAD simulation results verify the expected characteristics of the proposed Ti-TFETs in different working states. Ti-TFETs can flexibly be used to implement a logic circuit with a compact style and thus reduce the number of transistors and stack height of the circuits. It provides a new technique to reduce the chip area and power consumption by saving the number of transistors.
Evaluating the effective components on dimensions of quality in service organizations (A Fuzzy AHP Approach)

The key to success of service organizations can be customer-based services and also the focus on the services quality. Due to the importance of services quality and its prominent effects on customer satisfaction, this question is always raised that how services quality can come to evaluate. The focus on the quality in all organizations that look for supremacy in services is one of the most important concerns of managers. Furthermore for the purpose of creating quality in an organization, it is required that some effective dimensions, which should be considered in presenting services, been paid attention to. By reviewing research literatures, dimensions and components of evaluating of services quality in banking industry are specified. So after defining dimensions they were classified, then these dimensions were presented to the bank staff and customers within questionnaires. The obtained results from this research showed that courtesy and politeness dimension existed among staff and customers had the highest score which indicates the importance of this dimension from the staff and customers’ viewpoint. The lowest score belonged to tangible requirements that both groups of participants had the same opinion.
Analytical study of punchthrough in buried channel P-MOSFETs

The punchthrough phenomenon in buried-channel (BC) P-MOSFETs (p-metal oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors) depletion-mode devices is investigated analytically using the voltage-doping transformation (VDT) technique. The resulting punchthrough current model shows a high degree of accuracy over a wide range of biases and channel lengths while still retaining the simplicity required for CAD (computer-aided-design) models. The mean error over about 300 experimental current-voltage points is as small as 3%. The mechanism of punchthrough in a BC-P-MOSFET is shown to be due to the DIBL (drain-induced barrier lowering) effect, which is further shown to be considerably enhanced by two effects. These effects, a surface inversion layer screening (SILS) and a drain-induced channel enlargement (DICE), are deduced and investigated analytically. The methods leading to a suppression of these effects are shown. Owing to its accuracy and generality, the present punchthrough analysis is expected to find applications in design and process optimization as well as in the simulation of advanced BC-P-MOSFETs. >
Validity of the Janssen Model for Layered Structures in a Silo

Granular materials are found every where despite they are poorly understood at microscopic level. The main hindrance is how to connect the microscopic properties with the macroscopic behavior and propose a rigorous unified theory. One method is to test the existing theoretical models in various configurations. In this connection we have performed experiments in different configurations of granules in a silo to determine the validity of the Janssen model under such arrangements. Two and four layered structures of different bead diameters are prepared. The effective mass at the bottom of the container in such cases have been measured. Moreover, the investigation of layered structures reveals that such configurations also follow well the Janssen model. An interesting percolation phenomenon was observed when smaller beads were stacked on larger ones, despite the model remained valid. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that Janssen law holds for larger bead diameters.
Role of C-Peptide in Relation to Levels of Anti-GAD and Islet Cell Antibodies in Characterizing Types of Diabetes in the Young, in Eastern India

Background: Measuring fasting C-peptide (FCP) and antibodies against Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) and Islet cell antibodies (ICA) are not so commonly explored in children and young adults. Objectives: To assess the levels of FCP, GADA and ICA in subjects below the age of 25 years with DM and compare their levels to differentiate between Autoimmune and Non-Autoimmune Type 1 DM. Methodology: Blood samples of 93 subjects diagnosed with DM, reporting to the tertiary care hospital, were analysed for ICA, GADA and FCP. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were analysed to check the ability of autoimmune markers, BMI and C-peptide to differentiate between Autoimmune (Ai) and Non-Autoimmune (NonAi) diabetes. Results: 30/93 (32.2%) were positive for anti-GAD ab and/or ICA and categorised as Autoimmune (Ai), the most common antibody being, an-ti-GAD ab (80%) in them. The level of FCP among Ai compared to NonAi, was significantly low (p < 0.001). The combined effect of Age
Milk Yield and Composition of Grazing White Fulani Cows Fed Poultry Waste-Cassava Peel Based Diets

The influence of supplementati on of poultry waste-cassava peel based diets on milk yield and composition of White Fulani (Bunaji) cows were evaluated in this study. Four cows in 2nd parity and mid- lactation stage were fed 4 concentrate diets (A, B, C, D) consecutively in a 4x4 latin square arrangement. The diets were formulated from poultry waste, cassava peel, palm kernel cake, molasses, bone meal and common salt. The percent compositions of dried poultry waste (DPW) and cassava peel in the diets were 0, 56.5; 10, 53.5; 20, 43.5 and 30, 33.5 %, respectively. Each animal received each diet for 24 days. Daily feed intake (g/d), average daily gain (g/d), milk yield (g/d) and composition (%), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and fat - corrected milk (FCM) were determined for each cow per dietary regime. Results showed that feed intake and milk yield were not affected (P>0.05) by diets. FCM (kg) however, differed among treatments with diets A (0.21) and B (0.24) having similar (P>0.05) but higher FCM yields than diets C (0.07) or D (0.13). Milk protein (Nx6.38), butterfat (BF), total solids (TS), lactose, solids-not-fat (SNF), ash and energy contents of milk did not vary (P>0.05) significantly. Feed conversion ratio was 0.70 for diet B and this value was superior (P 0.05) negative correlation existed between milk yield and TS (r = - 0.02), milk yield and BF (r = -0.04), and milk yield and milk protein (r = -0.23). Milk yield was generally poor probably due to low level of supplementation.
Acute Effects of Foam Rolling Exercises on Arterial Stiffness, Flexibility and Autonomic Nervous System Function in Young and Middle-aged Women

1 Acute Effects of Foam Rolling Exercises on Arterial Stiffness, Flexibility and Autonomic Nervous System Function in Young and Middle-aged Women Cheonok Lee1 MS, Sewon Lee PhD 1Department of Human Movement Science, Graduate School, Incheon National University, Incheon; 2Division of Sport Science, College of Arts & Physical Education, Incheon National University, Incheon; Sport Science Institute, College of Arts & Physical Education, Incheon National University, Incheon; Health Promotion Center, College of Arts & Physical Education, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
Decomposition of radiating structures using the ideal structure extraction methods (ISEM)

A method for decomposing an asymmetrical structure into two substructures is given. One substructure contains the attributes of symmetry while the remainder or residual substructure contains the attributes of asymmetry. The decomposition is done in such a way that the superposition of the radiated electromagnetic fields of the decomposition substructures gives the radiated fields of the original structure. Although the substructures can, by superposition, be used to compute the total radiated fields of the original structure, the primary purpose of the decomposition technique is to provide insight into methods for reducing the emissions of each substructure and consequently those of the original structure. In many cases the emissions of the asymmetric substructure are the dominant contributors to the total emissions of the original structure. In this case, the decomposition substructures allow direct insight into the reduction of the total emissions that was previously available only for the symmetric substructure. >
Methodological aspects of the SAVE data set

This paper describes the general design of the SAVE survey: the design of the questionnaire, inter-viewer and interviewee motivation, and the sampling designs of the various subsamples collected in 2001 and 2003. It discusses the representativeness of the data, explains the construction of weights, and provides probit regressions to analyse potential selectivity problems. The paper finishes by discussing implications for the use of the SAVE data in various estimation procedures.
The Performance of a Centrifugal Compressor With High Inlet Prewhirl

The performance requirements of centrifugal compressors usually include a broad operating range between surge and choke. This becomes increasingly difficult to achieve as increased pressure ratio is demanded. In order to suppress the tendency to surge and extend the operating range at low flow rates inlet swirl is often considered through the application of inlet guide vanes. To generate high inlet swirl angles efficiently an inlet volute has been applied as the swirl generator, and a variable geometry design developed in order to provide zero swirl. The variable geometry approach can be applied to progressively increase the swirl or to switch rapidly from zero swirl to maximum swirl. The variable geometry volute and the swirl conditions generated are described.The performance of a small centrifugal compressor is presented for a wide range of inlet swirl angles. In addition to the basic performance characteristics of the compressor the onset of flow reversals at impeller inlet are presented, together with the development of pressure pulsations, in the inlet and discharge ducts, through to full surge. The flow rate at which surge occurred was shown, by the shift of the peak pressure condition and by the measurement of the pressure pulsations, to be reduced by over 40%. Copyright © 1997 by ASME
Permeability and Consolidation Characteristics of Compacted Fly Ash

Detailed testing regarding geotechnical utilization was carried out on fly ash from the Dadri thermal power station. The chemical composition and physical properties of the fly ash were determined. The morphology of the fly ash particles was studied by scanning electron microscopy. An X-ray diffraction test was also conducted. The geotechnical testing program included the classification tests, the compaction test, the consolidation test, and the permeability test. The influence of the head loss across the specimen, the effective stress, and the void ratio on the permeability was studied. The paper explains the details and results of the tests, especially those of the consolidation and permeability behaviors. The results showed that the coefficients of permeability and consolidation of the compacted fly ash were comparable to those of nonplastic silts. The variation in head loss across the specimen had only a small influence on the coefficient of permeability. Even at a high effective stress there was no appreciable reduction in the coefficient of permeability. The consolidation and permeability characteristics of the Dadri fly ash have been compared with those of some other Indian fly ashes. The geotechnical utilization of the Dadri fly ash has been explained through illustrative examples.
Correlation of plasma D-dimer levels with breast carcinoma

Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women. There is a correlation between cancer and hyper coagulation. Carcinoma increases the level of cross-linked fibrin degradation product (plasma D-dimer), indicative of systemic activation of fibrinolysis, hemostasis and angiogenesis. This study attempted to correlate raised plasma D-dimer in breast cancer.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the department of general surgery in GCS hospital, Ahmedabad where in patients admitted and treated for breast cancer between July 2020 to June 2021 were selected. Plasma D-dimer levels were correlated with final histopathological examination of breast specimen.Results: Plasma D-dimer levels were increased with advancing stage of disease, lymph node involvement and lymphovascular invasion. There was no significant relationship with increase in tumour size and histopathological grade of tumour.Conclusions: Plasma D-dimer levels are elevated in breast cancer, especially with advanced stage. It is an important marker of clinical stage, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node involvement. However it does not correlate with tumour size and histological grade. So pre- operative plasma D-dimer level is a safe, cost effective and convenient method for prediction of advanced stage in breast cancer.
Decreased Resting-State Functional Complexity in Elderly with Subjective Cognitive Decline

Individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are at high risk of developing preclinical or clinical state of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, which can indirectly reflect neuron activities by measuring the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals, is promising in the early detection of SCD. This study aimed to explore whether the nonlinear complexity of BOLD signals can describe the subtle differences between SCD and normal aging, and uncover the underlying neuropsychological implications of these differences. In particular, we introduce amplitude-aware permutation entropy (AAPE) as the novel measure of brain entropy to characterize the complexity in BOLD signals in each brain region of the Brainnetome atlas. Our results demonstrate that AAPE can reflect the subtle differences between both groups, and the SCD group presented significantly decreased complexities in subregions of the superior temporal gyrus, the inferior parietal lobule, the postcentral gyrus, and the insular gyrus. Moreover, the results further reveal that lower complexity in SCD may correspond to poorer cognitive performance or even subtle cognitive impairment. Our findings demonstrated the effectiveness and sensitiveness of the novel brain entropy measured by AAPE, which may serve as the potential neuroimaging marker for exploring the subtle changes in SCD.
Effect of gate-source access region stress on current collapse in AlGaN/GaN HFETs

Current collapse in (Al,Ga)N/GaN HFETs is generally associated with electrical stresses in the gate-to-drain region. It is demonstrated through pulsed I-V measurements that the source access region can also give rise to severe current collapse in (Al,Ga)N/GaN HFETs. The effect is of significance to the design of (Al,Ga)N/GaN HFET high-efficiency power amplifiers and transmit/receive (T/R) switches because such circuits often result in electrical stresses to the gate-source region.
Human face‐off: a new method for mapping evolutionary rates on three‐dimensional digital models

Modern phylogenetic comparative methods allow us to estimate evolutionary rates of phenotypic change, how these rates differ across clades, and to assess whether the rates remained constant over time. Unfortunately, currently available phylogenetic comparative tools express the rate in terms of a scalar dimension, and do not allow us to determine rate variations among different parts of a single, complex phenotype, or chart realized rate variation directly onto the phenotype. We present a new method which allows the mapping of evolutionary rate variation directly onto three‐dimensional phenotypes, informing on the direction and magnitude of trait change automatically. Implemented using the function rate.map embedded in the R package RRphylo, this method is based on phylogenetic ridge regression rate estimates. Since the latter represent ridge regression slopes, they possess sign and magnitude. In RRphylo, different rates are calculated for different districts of the phenotype, which can then be visualized directly onto the phenotype itself. We present the application of rate.map to the evolution of facial skeleton in Hominoidea, the primate clade inclusive of Homo and the greater apes (including living and fossil taxa). We found that the highly derived, unique shape of the face in modern humans evolved through rapid phenotypic changes affecting the nasal bones, the brow ridge and the maxillary region. The canine fossa, a facial feature unique to Homo sapiens, did not belong to a region of rapid phenotypic change, and could be seen as the by‐product of midface evolution as suggested by previous studies.
Kink modification using body contact bias in InP based InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs

The mechanism of kink in InP based InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs is studied using HEMTs with a body contact (BC) electrode consisting of a buried p layer and a p-type contact. Kink modification was directly observed by varying BC bias, which shows kink is an anomalous suppression of drain current at low drain bias, not a parasitic current at high bias. Based on this result, the origin of kink is discussed.