Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CO2 laser microprocessing for laser damage growth mitigation of fused silica optics

Abstract. We report on the development of a mitigation process to prevent the growth of UV nanosecond laser-initiated damage sites under successive irradiations of fused silica components. The developed process is based on fast microablation of silica as it has been proposed by Bass et al. [Bass et al., Proc. SPIE 7842, 784220 (2010)]. This is accomplished by the displacement of the CO2 laser spot with a fast galvanometer beam scanner to form a crater with a typical conical shape to mitigate large (millimetric) and deep (few hundred microns) damage sites. We present the developed experimental system and process for this application. Particularly, we detail and evaluate a method based on quantitative phase imaging to obtain fast and accurate three-dimensional topographies of the craters. The morphologies obtained through different processes are then studied. Mitigation of submillimetric nanosecond damage sites is demonstrated through different examples. Experimental and numerical studies of the downstream intensifications, resulting in cone formation on the surface, are presented to evaluate and minimize the downstream intensifications. Eventually, the laser damage test resistance of the mitigated sites is evaluated at 355, 2.5 ns, and we discuss on the efficiency of the process for our application.
Stabilization and synchronization of 5-D memristor oscillator using sliding mode control

ABSTRACT This article presents a control design method for asymptotic stabilization, synchronization, and antisynchronization of a five dimensional chaotic memristor oscillator system. Two cases are considered: (i) with known parameters, (ii) and with unknown parameters. When a system’s parameters are known, then controllers are designed using sliding mode approach and when system’s parameters are unknown then controllers are devised using adaptive integral sliding mode control method. Hurwitz surfaces are constructed in both approaches. To employ the integral sliding mode, firstly, the system is transformed into a special structure containing a nominal part and some unknown terms computed adaptively. Then, the system is stabilized using integral sliding mode control. The stabilizing controller, consisting of the nominal control plus some compensator control, is then designed. The compensator controller and the adapted laws are derived in such a way that the time derivative of a Lyapunov function becomes strictly negative. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is tested through computer simulation.
La vulnerabilidad de los adolescentes frente a la desinformación: su medición y su relación con el pensamiento crítico y la desconexión moral

Young adolescents are more vulnerable to disinformation owing to the time that they spend online and their content consumption habits. The consequences of this phenome­non can be serious, both for the individual and at a social and political level. To alleviate this situation, different agencies recommend healthy practices regarding consumption and exchange of information; from checklists to self-learning exercises for the development of critical thinking. This research proposes a tool for the identification of behaviours among adolescents when giving credibility to infor­mation or content and the motives that lead them to share it, contributing at times to the spread of misleading information. After an ex­haustive process of design, piloting, and psy­chometric validation using an English-speak­ing sample (N = 417), a reliable instrument was obtained. We also measured its correlation with critical thinking and moral disengage­ment. The results lead us to conclude that this is a new tool with which to observe the information consumption behaviours of young people and thus measure their vulnerability to disinformation. Similarly, we have confirmed how greater critical thinking is positively re­lated to more responsible consumption when giving credibility to content or news, and how moral disengagement is linked to the fact of sharing such items with greater ease.
The exploration of customer satisfaction model for municipal solid waste collection performance – a case study in Saravane city, Saravane province, Laos

This study was conducted to assess the customers’ satisfaction level with solid waste collection service in Salavane city, Salavane province, Laos. The interviewed data from 132 households have been tested and analyzed for the correlations between influencing factors and customers’ satisfaction. Through testing Cronbach's alpha coefficient and KMO and Bartlett test, as well as exploratory factor analysis, from 36 observed variables, the authors reduced to 18 significant observed variables. Multivariate regression analysis was applied to build a model to assess the level of satisfaction with solid waste collection services. The results show that “Responsiveness of workers”, “Responsiveness of facility”, and “Reliability” have a great influence on customer's satisfaction.
The association of complementary feeding with stunting in cildren aged 6 – 24 months in the working area of Talang health center, Solok regency, West Sumatra

The problem of stunting in Solok regency exceeds the standard set by WHO, the prevalence is 40.1%, and be the highest one in West Sumatra. Children who gain stunting in the first 1000 days of life or during the age of two are more vulnerable to stunting after the child is two years old, therefore early screening and nutritional improvement are needed before the child is two years old. This research aims to determine the relationship between history of complementary feeding encompass (age,texture, frequency, and portion of complementery feeding). The design of this research was a case control conducted at the Talang Health Center, Solok Regency, West Sumatra. The research sample consisted of 80 mothers and children aged 6-24 months, divided into 40 sample groups of stunting and 40 sample groups normal children. Sample taken by total sampling method for the case group and for the control matching with posyandu areas were the same as the cases and taken by simple random sampling. Data was collected by questionnaire. Analysis test used by chi-square. The results of bivariate analysis related to stunting p-values obtained age of complementary feeding ( p = 0.003), the texture of complementary feeding ( p = 0.042), the frequency of complementary feeding ( p = 0.001), the portion of complementary feeding ( p = 0.002). This study concludes that there is an association of complementary feeding with stunting children aged 6 – 24 months in the work area of Talang health center, Solok regency.
Numerical study of the influence of interfacial roughness on the exchange bias properties of ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic bilayers

Exchange bias and coercivity are both studied numerically in antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic (AFM/FM) bilayers in the presence of a rough interface. The roughness is modeled by an AFM atomic mesa of variable width, in a periodic bidimensional system. Unlike the flat interface case, roughness can favor the presence of magnetic interfacial frustration or the formation of sharp magnetic domain walls pinned within the first AFM planes, inside the AFM mesa, in a Peierls potential well. We demonstrate by using athermal steepest-descent calculations that irreversible processes can occur during the hysteresis loops, when the AFM mesa width is less than half of the system period. In this case, the depinning of the domain wall from the Peierls potential well during the descending branch is not followed by its rewinding in a certain range of the AFM anisotropy. This leads to a large increase of both exchange bias and coercivity at low temperature and to an athermal training effect. When the thermal activation is taken into account by using Monte Carlo simulations, we show that a random walk of the domain wall occurs within the AFM layer. These processes induce changes in the AFM spin configuration when the system is cycled several times and produce a thermally activated training effect. Our simulations, interpreted in the context of periodic Peierls potential, provide an explanation for two important features of the exchange bias phenomenon, i.e., the thermal variation of its characteristic fields and the different contributions giving rise to the training effect (AFM bulk vs interface). More generally, the presence of interfacial atomic roughness reduces both exchange bias and coercivity with respect to the perfect interface case.
Differences in learner academic achievement in biology among students taught using computer assisted teaching strategy and those taught using traditional instructional strategies in secondary schools in Baringo county, Kenya

Achievement in Biology in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education is low despite its significance in the society; this is demonstrated by the low performance scores of the learners in biology. The purpose of the study was to see if there were any differences in learner academic attainment in Biology amongst students instructed using a computer-assisted instructional method and those instructed using outdated methods in secondary schools in Baringo County, Kenya. The study used a Solomon Four – Quasi experimental design. In Baringo County, eight extra-county secondary schools were chosen using purposive sampling. The stratified random sampling approach was employed in the sampling school for the study. A total of 324 biology students were chosen from a stratified sample of extra-county secondary schools. Form three biology students were randomly selected and allocated to the experimental and control groups in selected schools with more than one stream. The investigational category were instructed by aid of a computer-assisted instructional means, whereas the regulator category received outdated instruction approach. As a research tool, the Biology Achievement Test was used. The research device was put through its paces to see how reliable it was. The dependability of the instrument was determined using the split half approach and the correlation coefficient was calculated using the Spearman Brown prophecy formula. The reliability coefficient of the research instrument was 0. 704. Frequencies and percentages were used to evaluate descriptive data, whereas Analysis of Variance and the t-test were used to assess inferential data. Computer aided teaching (CAT) was found to boost learner academic progress in biology when compared to outdated instructional methods. The outcomes of the study will benefit curriculum makers at the Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development in creating a framework and guidelines for integrating, planning, and the enactment of CAT in school s’ curriculum, which will help to increase learner academic attainment besides motivation.
The effects of additive outliers on tests for unit roots and cointegration

textabstractThe properties of the univariate Dickey-Fuller test and the Johansen test for the cointegrating rank when there exist additive outlying observations in the time series are examined. The analysis provides analytical as well as numerical evidence that additive outliers may produce spurious stationarity. Hence, the Dickey-Fuller test will reject a unit root too frequently, and the Johansen test will indicate too many cointegrating vectors. The results easily generalize to models with temporary change outliers. Through an empirical example, the analysis demonstrates how additive and temporary change outliers can be detected in practice, and it shows how dummy variables can be used to remove the influence of such extreme observations. A proper statistical procedure to detect outliers is necessary. Many statistical software packages for analyzing autoregressive integrating moving average models have built-in routines to detect outliers.
Bearing performance degradation assessment based on time-frequency code features and SOM network

Bearing performance degradation assessment and prognostics are extremely important in supporting maintenance decision and guaranteeing the system’s reliability. To achieve this goal, this paper proposes a novel feature extraction method for the degradation assessment and prognostics of bearings. Features of time-frequency codes (TFCs) are extracted from the time-frequency distribution using a hybrid procedure based on short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) theory. An alternative way to design the health indicator is investigated by quantifying the similarity between feature vectors using a self-organizing map (SOM) network. On the basis of this idea, a new health indicator called time-frequency code quantification error (TFCQE) is proposed to assess the performance degradation of the bearing. This indicator is constructed based on the bearing real-time behavior and the SOM model that is previously trained with only the TFC vectors under the normal condition. Vibration signals collected from the bearing run-to-failure tests are used to validate the developed method. The comparison results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed TFCQE indicator over many other traditional features in terms of feature quality metrics, incipient degradation identification and achieving accurate prediction. Highlights • Time-frequency codes are extracted to reflect the signals’ characteristics. • SOM network served as a tool to quantify the similarity between feature vectors. • A new health indicator is proposed to demonstrate the whole stage of degradation development. • The method is useful for extracting the degradation features and detecting the incipient degradation. • The superiority of the proposed method is verified using experimental data.
Impression Management of the Muslim Preacher in Indonesia

When delivering a presentation, a person will manage the impression that others have of him. In Indonesia, Islamic preachers also tend to their beliefs. Some preachers are well-liked by the congregation because of their ability to manage their image, whereas others are disliked or despised. Syafwan Diran is one notable Preacher in Padang, and his sermons are well-received by his congregation; thus, he is frequently invited to preach at events. This research explores the impression management performed by Syafwan Diran. It is qualitative research, with data gathered through observation and in-depth interviews with the informants. The results showed that Syafwan Diran managed his impression by presenting techniques created harmoniously when appearing in front of his congregation. He also has a reasonable manner and a commitment to preaching. Therefore, his preaching is well received and eagerly anticipated by his community.
Financial Knowledge, Internal Control Locus, and Personal Money-Related Behavior: A Survey on Undergraduate Accounting Students

This research intends to examine the impact of financial knowledge and internal control locus on student behavior to manage money and the effect of internal control locus on this knowledge. The students becoming the population are from the active undergraduate accounting department in Maranatha Christian University, distributed into six batches: 2015 to 2020; the number is 413. Considering this feature, we use the stratified random sampling method, setting the batches as the strata. After surveying the 200 students as the samples, the number of responded students is 193; hence, the participation level is 96.50%. Based on this situation, we use the structural equation model based on covariance after the validity and reliability tests are met. To sum up, this research unveils that money-related understanding does not affect student behavior. On the other hand, the internal control locus positively affects personal money-related behavior and financial knowledge.
Numerical and Analytical Studies of the Electromagnetic Bias in Satellite Altimetry

The electromagnetic (EM) bias is an important error term in sea surface height estimation from satellite radar altimetry. Although numerous theoretical studies of the EM bias have been performed in the past, most are based on low-order hydrodynamic and electromagnetic models that impact the results obtained. This dissertation attempts to improve understanding of the underlying physical mechanism of the EM bias through both numerical and analytical approaches, so that EM bias correction algorithms for satellite missions can be improved. The first part of the dissertation employs a Monte Carlo procedure with numerical nonlinear hydrodynamic simulations coupled with numerical physical optics methods for electromagnetic scattering from the sea surface to produce a deterministic set of sea surface profiles and the corresponding altimeter pulse returns. This numerical approach allows studies of the impact of various physical effects on the EM bias including long wave and short wave effects. Results have shown that short sea waves can play an important role for the EM bias; these effects are not fully captured by previous low-order EM bias theories. The second part of the dissertation involves the development of an improved analytical model of the EM bias in order to capture and explain effects obtained previously in the numerical Monte Carlo study. The analytical model utilizes the same formulation as used in the computation of pulse returns in the previous Monte Carlo simulation and has a final form that involves an integral containing the correlation and ii reduced bicorrelation functions of the sea surface. The surface reduced bicorrelation functions due to the effects of nonlinear long waves and modulated short waves are derived from the weakly nonlinear theory of Longuet-Higgins and the hydrodynamic modulation transfer function respectively. It can be shown that, in the geometricaloptics limit, the developed analytical model yields previous models of altimeter pulse return and EM bias when appropriate. Comparisons of the results obtained analytically to the empirical EM bias model for Jason-2 satellite mission show reasonable agreement. Effects of sea swell and shallow water depth are also considered.
The Attitude of Medical Students Toward Voluntary Body Donation: A Single Institute Survey and Narrative Review of Global Trends

Introduction: Voluntary body donation (VBD) programs form the backbone of cadaveric teaching and learning in medical schools. It benefits the medical fraternity the most. Yet, there is a dearth of VBD practice among medical students. We aimed to understand the knowledge and attitude of first-year medical students in a tertiary institute with a systematic review of willingness toward VBD among undergraduate students worldwide. Methods: The first-year medical undergraduates were given a 12-item questionnaire to assess their knowledge and attitude toward VBD. Statistical tests were applied to analyze the difference between the variables. We systematically searched Google Scholar, PubMed, and SCOPUS databases until October 15, 2022. Data concerning knowledge, awareness, and attitude toward VBD among undergraduates of medical backgrounds were extracted and analyzed qualitatively. Results: A total of 82.5% of students returned the completed responses. A significant association was seen between their attitudes toward whole body donation by strangers (p=0.043) and family members (p=0.035). The religion of the participants significantly affected their opinions on VBD and their willingness to pledge themselves (p=0.034). For the review, 20 studies were selected to be analyzed qualitatively. These studies included 4232 undergraduate students globally who were assessed for knowledge, awareness, and attitude toward VBD. Around 50% of the studies were published in India. The first study included was published in 2008. Seven studies were exclusively conducted on medical undergraduates, while the rest consisted of a mixed cohort. The attitude and knowledge of medical undergraduates on VBD were assessed via questionnaires containing both open-ended and closed-ended questions. Conclusion: Based on observations from our survey and review, we concluded that while undergraduate students have a highly positive attitude toward VBD, their rate of pledging is low. The most prominent barrier to this attitude is their experience with cadavers in the dissection hall. Hence, we recommend a revisit of cadaver handling practices and the establishment of appropriate protocols for safe and deferential cadaver handling.
Three-Dimensional Image Transmission of Integral Imaging through Wireless MIMO Channel

For the reconstruction of high-resolution 3D digital content in integral imaging, an efficient wireless 3D image transmission system is required to convey a large number of elemental images without a communication bottleneck. To support a high transmission rate, we herein propose a novel wireless three-dimensional (3D) image transmission and reception strategy based on the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique. By exploiting the spatial multiplexing capability, multiple elemental images are transmitted simultaneously through the wireless MIMO channel, and recovered with a linear receiver such as matched filter, zero forcing, or minimum mean squared error combiners. Using the recovered elemental images, a 3D image can be reconstructed using volumetric computational reconstruction (VCR) with non-uniform shifting pixels. Although the received elemental images are corrupted by the wireless channel and inter-stream interference, the averaging effect of the VCR can improve the visual quality of the reconstructed 3D images. The numerical results validate that the proposed system can achieve excellent 3D reconstruction performance in terms of the visual quality and peak sidelobe ratio though a large number of elemental images are transmitted simultaneously over the wireless MIMO channel.
DETECTION OF WATER-BODY BOUNDARIES FROM SENTINEL-2 IMAGERY FOR FLOODPLAIN LAKES

The impact of climate and human interaction has resulted in environmental degradation. Consistent observations of lakes in Indonesia are quite limited, especially for flood-exposure lake types. Satellite imagery data improves the ability to monitor water bodies of different scales and the efficiency of generating lake boundary information. This research aims to detect the boundaries of flood-exposure type lake water bodies from the detection model and calculate its accuracy in Semayang Melintang Lake using Sentinel-2 imagery data. The characteristics of water, soil, and vegetation objects were investigated based on the spectral values of the composite image bands from the Optimum Index Factor (OIF) calculation, to support the lake water body boundary detection model. The Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) method is used for water and non-water classification, by applying the machine learning algorithms random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and decision tree (DT). Model validation was conducted by comparing spectral graphs and lake water body boundary model results. The accuracy test used the confusion matrix method and resulted in the highest accuracy value in the SVM algorithm with an Overall Accuracy of 95% and a kappa coefficient of 0.9. Based on the detection model, the area of Lake Semayang Melintang in 2021 is 23392.30 ha. This model can be used to estimate changes in the area of the flood-exposure lake consistently. Information on the boundaries of lake water bodies is needed to control the decline in the capacity and inundation area of flood-exposure lakes for management and monitoring plans.