Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estudio de la evolución de un fitopatógeno: Genómica comparada del hongo patógeno de maíz Colletotrichum graminicola

[ES] Uno de los mayores problemas para el desarrollo de estrategias efectivas frente a hongos fitopatogenos es que, al igual que la mayoria de los microorganismos, presentan una gran plasticidad fenotipica y una extraordinaria capacidad de adaptarse a nuevos ambientes y/o de infectar nuevos huespedes. En este contexto, resulta imprescindible determinar que genes (u otras regiones del genoma) muestran evidencias de evolucion adaptativa con el objetivo de identificar secuencias involucradas en virulencia. La evolucion adaptativa puede ser descripta como la retencion de cambios en el genoma que, de alguna manera, confieren ventajas adaptativas los individuos que los poseen. Las evidencias de evolucion adaptativa pueden ser de distintos tipos: seleccion positiva actuando en secuencias homologas, ganancia y perdida de genes y/o reordenaciones estructurales en el genoma. Entre las enfermedades vegetales causadas por los hongos, la antracnosis es una de las mas destructivas, causando perdidas significativas en cultivos en los cinco continentes. Los agentes etiologicos mejor conocidos de la enfermedad son ciertas especies del hongo filamentoso Colletotrichum, que infecta practicamente todas las familias de plantas de interes agronomico u horticola, con la consecuencia de perdidas economicas significativas. Ademas, los hongos del genero Colletotrichum representan importantes modelos experimentales en estudios relacionados con diversos aspectos de la fitopatologia, como ser enzimas degradadoras de carbohidratos, procesos infectivos, resistencia del hospedador y biologia molecular de las interacciones planta-patogeno. Muchas de las especies del genero Colletotrichum presentan una forma de nutricion denominada hemibiotrofia, por lo que exhiben caracteristicas tanto biotroficas como necrotroficas. En la presente Tesis Doctoral se han utilizado numerosas aproximaciones bioinformaticas para atender a diversas hipotesis relativas a la evolucion y biologia molecular de la patogenicidad en hongos filamentosos, haciendo hincapie en el patosistema C. graminicola-maiz. Para esto, nos hemos basado en el analisis de los genomas de ocho cepas de C. graminicola, una de ellas la recientemente secuenciada M1.001 y las restantes siete resecuenciadas por nuestro grupo. En el primer capitulo de la Tesis (Chapter I) se describen los procedimientos llevados a cabo para la secuenciacion, ensamblaje y anotacion de los nuevos genomas, como asi tambien las caracteristicas fenotipicas de dichos aislados. Por otra parte, por medio de analisis de los genomas, se presentan resultados concernientes a cuatro aspectos fundamentales de la genomica comparada de estos organismos: recombinacion, relaciones filogeneticas, variaciones estructurales del genoma y ganancia-perdida de genes. En el segundo capitulo (Chapter II) se analizan los patrones de seleccion natural actuando sobre secuencias codificantes y no codificantes de proteinas a nivel de todo el genoma. En el tercer capitulo (Chapter III) se detallan los resultados de la aplicacion de una metodologia…
A comparison of the relative naturalization ability of two Schinus species in southern California. I. Seed germination.

NILSEN, E. T. , and W. H. MULLER (Dept. Biol. Sci., Univ. of Calif., Santa Barbara, CA 93106). A comparison of the relative naturalization ability of two Schinus species in southern California. I: Seed germination. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 107: 51-56. 1980. -Two South American pepper trees, Schinus molle L. and Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, have been grown in Santa Barbara as ornamentals for at least 100 years. Yet only S. molle L. has become naturalized, even though both taxa are vigorous colonizers. Seed germination characteristics were studied for both species to determine a possible mechanism which inhibits the naturalization of S. terebinthifolius Raddi in southern California. Several germination characteristics were found to differ between these two species, such as relative cold tolerance, acid treatment requirements, and the time between imbibition and germination. The slow germination rate of S. terebinthifolius Raddi may inhibit establishment by not allowing germination and root development during the brief periods of ample soil moisture in southern California. An endogenous germination inhibition system of phenolic acids is suggested for both species. Research is continuing on relative seedling establishment, and the endogenous inhibition system.
Association between Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength with Physical Performance in Elderly in Surabaya

ABSTRACTBackground: Sarcopenia is a decrease in muscle mass and strength that mostly happens in the elderly. Sarcopenia is a problem that is often found in the elderly who are at risk of disability, hospitalization and death. This data on muscle mass and strength with physical performance is expected to support the theory of sarcopenia and as a reference in promoting and preventing sarcopenia in elderly.Aims: To analyze the association between muscle mass and strength (handgrip strength) with physical performance assessed using Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) in an elderly community.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional observational analytic study involving 203 sample of elderly (age >60 years old). The subjects were categorized as the strong and weak muscle mass and muscle strength, also the high, moderate and low physical performance. We used Bioimpedance Analysis (BIA) and hand dynamometer to measure muscle mass and muscle strength (handgrip strength). SPPB was used to assess physical performance.The association between muscle mass and strength with physical performance was displayed in bivariate analysis with chi square.Result: Of all 203 subjects, 57 were males and 146 were females. Chi square test showed association between muscle strength (handgrip strength) with physical performance (SPPB) (p=0.001), with a weak correlation (r=0.26) and no association between muscle mass and physical performance (SPPB) (p=0.517). Conclusion: There is a positive association between muscle strength with physical performance, with a weak correlation and no association between muscle mass and physical performance in the elderly community in Surabaya.
Penerapan Data Mining Untuk Koperasi Se-Jawa Barat Menggunakan Metode Clustering pada Kementerian Koperasi dan UKM

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menegelompokan data koperasi di Jawa Barat.Metode kalster yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah K-Means, dalam klaster K-Means memiliki tingkat akurasi yang baik.Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana penggunaan metode K-means dalam studi kasus koperasi di Jawa Barat. Dari hasil pengelompokan menggunakan metode K-Means berdasarkan nilai Modal Sendiri, Modal Luar dan Volume Usaha, maka dihasilkan 3 klaster dengan nilai klaster tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut menunjukan bahwa metode K-Means dapat digunakan untuk pengendalian atau pemantauan koperasi yang harus dipertahankan usahanya dan koperasi yang harus lebih ditingkatkan usahanya untuk membantu perekonomian nasional.Hasil dari klaster metode K-Means dapat dijadikan masukan bagi Kementrian Koperasi dan UKM sebagai bentuk pemetaan terhadap koperasi di Jawa Barat Kata kunci:Koperasi, Klaster, K-Means
Study of Genetic Divergence in Lowland Rice Genotypes of Bihar

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) may be originated at least 130 million years ago and dispersed all around the world with separation of different continent from the single land mass that existed. It is one of the most important food crops of the world particularly Asian countries where it is the staple food. The estimated world rice production for the year 2019-20 is 496.67 million metric tons (USDA, 2020). It is produced in wide range of locations and under different climatic conditions. As it grows in variable climatic condition and having such an extended geographical distribution through out the world it is the crop with maximum germplasm diversity. As the consequence of great geographical distribution and extending its boundaries to various climatic conditions it faces several form abiotic stresses occurring in those environment and flooding being of those. Therefore, study of the diversity of rice in low lying flooded area is of prime International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 2 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Correlation between Cyclosporine Blood Levels and Area under Blood Concentration Time Curve in Iraqi Bone Marrow Transplant Patients Treated with Neoral® Oral Solution

Cyclosporine is a potent immunosuppressive drug. It has a narrow therapeutic index, and therefore the measurement of cyclosporine’s blood concentration is essential to obtain optimal therapy. Measurement of the area under the blood concentration-time curve (AUC) is reflective of total drug exposure. However, for organ transplant patients, the measurement of AUC involves many problems and difficulties. Thus, it is more clinically acceptable to use a single blood sample as a surrogate index of total drug exposure. Fifty-four adults bone marrow transplant Iraqi patients were given cyclosporine every 12 h as prophylaxis using Neoral® oral solution. Steady-state blood concentrations were monitored for each patient at zero time and then at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and at 12 h post-dosing. Cyclosporine blood levels were determined by using AXSYM automated immuno-analyzer which is a fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA). The present investigation demonstrated the best correlation between C2 and the corresponding AUC0–4h and AUC0–12h compared to other concentrations. After two months of cyclosporine therapy, no unexpected biochemical changes and adverse effects were registered. It is concluded from this study that a single blood sample obtained at 2 h post-dosing (C2) and possibly at 3 h post dosing (C3) are ideal surrogate indexes for reflecting total drug exposure, and therefore may be used in clinical practice for predicting therapeutic and toxic effects of cyclosporine.
Competition for Light Between Tomatoes and Nightshades (Solanum nigrum or S. ptycanthum)

The effect of black and eastern black nightshade on the amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intercepted by a processing tomato canopy was studied along with the correlation between PAR and tomato growth and yield. During 1989 and 1990, black and eastern black nightshade were established at densities of 0 to 4.8 m−2 within rows of transplanted, irrigated processing tomatoes. Increasing the density of either nightshade species decreased the number of tomato fruit; however, eastern black nightshade reduced tomato yield more than black nightshade. Eastern black nightshade was taller than the tomatoes, reducing PAR reaching the top of the tomato canopy. PAR reaching the top of the tomato canopy was positively correlated with yield and negatively correlated with eastern black nightshade density. Eastern black nightshade intraspecific competition decreased both stem and berry weight. Black nightshade was never taller than tomatoes and did not affect PAR reaching the top of the crop canopy. Increasing the density of black nightshade decreased berry dry weight but increased the weight of stems and leaves.
PREDICTION OF LACTATION YIELD FROM LAST-RECORD DAY AND AVERAGE DAILY YIELD IN NILI-RAVI BUFFALOES

ABSTRACT Different adjustment procedures were compared to determine if prediction of lactation milk yield using last record day information could be improved by using information on the average daily milk yield of the recorded lactation. Weekly milk yield records of 993 Nili-Ravi buffaloes for 2704 lactations were used for the study. Comparison of different procedures of lactation milk yield adjustment from partial/incomplete or complete lactations indicated that milk yield predicted from a linear regression equation, or from last test day information, was higher as compared to actual milk yield due to extrapolation to a higher base. Simple linear regression procedure overestimated the yield, especially in the later part of the lactation curve. Most precise adjustments were obtained when last test day and average daily milk yield information were included as predictors. The standard deviation of bias decreased and correlation between actual and predicted lactation milk yield improved with inclusion of average daily milk yield as a predictor along with the last test day milk yield. Last recorded milk yield information along with average daily yield of the recorded lactation period are suggested to be used for standardization of milk yield data in Nili-Ravi buffaloes.
Single-Leg Squat Performance and Reported Pain within Youth Softball Players

The purpose of this study was to assess single-leg squat (SLS) performance on reported pain. Forty-two youth softball athletes (13.0 ± 2.0 years; 162.19 ± 9.75 cm; 60.80 ± 14.28 kg) completed a bilateral SLS and a health history questionnaire in which they indicated if they were currently experiencing any pain/discomfort. Due to the clinical significance of the current study, p < 0.10 was classified as nearing significance. A point-biserial correlation was run between the groups (pain and no pain) and all kinematic variables (maximal knee flexion, knee valgus/varus, vertical sacrum displacement, anterior pelvic tilt, and pelvic lateral tilt) at each event (45° descent, maximal knee flexion, and 45° ascent), across each phase (descent, ascent), and between legs. Increased vertical sacrum displacement was correlated with pain at 45° ascent and at maximal knee flexion in the right SLS. Knee valgus at maximal knee flexion, 45° ascent, and in the decent phase of the left SLS was significant. Anterior pelvic tilt in the decent phase of the left SLS and knee valgus and pelvic lateral tilt in the decent phase of the right SLS were found to be significantly correlated with pain. Poor SLS performance was correlated with reported pain.
Terrane characterization in the Himalaya since Paleoproterozoic

In the Himalaya, distinct terranes are juxtaposed across the Main Central Thrust Zone (MCTZ) where subthrust Inner Lesser Himalaya (iLH) sedimentary belt yielded nearly unimodal U-Pb detrital zircon (DZ) between 2.05 and 1.80 Ga. Within this thrust zone, orthomylonite and other lithologies represent the Proterozoic magmatic arc with zircon having U-Pb ~1.95 to 1.89 Ga crystallization ages; together, these represent the Columbian Supercontinent assembly. In contrast, first appearance of the Neoproterozoic 1.05-0.85 Ga zircon characterizes the overthrust Great Himalayan Sequence (GHS–Vaikrita Group) along the Main Central Thrust (MCT), while early Paleozoic detrital zirconhas first appearance in tectonically overlying Tethyan Himalayan Sequence (THS). The iLH sediments were possibly derived both from a northernly ~1.9 Ga magmatic arc and the ArcheanProterozoic Aravalli-Bundelkhand nuclei of the Indian craton. Source rocks for Neoproterozoic zircon in the GHS—a distinct terrane in the Himalaya—may possibly be the Neoproterozoic magmatic bodies within the GHS and ‘In-board’ Aravalli-Delhi Fold Belt (ADMB)– Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ), though northern ‘Off-board’ sources cannot be ruled out, altogether.
Morphometric diversity and phenotypic relationship among indigenous buffaloes of Banten, Indonesia

Abstract. Murni D, Lestari U, Indriwati SE, Efendi A, Maryani N, Amin M. 2020. Morphometric diversity and phenotypic relationship among indigenous buffaloes of Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 933-940. This study aimed to describe the morphometric diversity and phenotypic relationship among indigenous buffaloes of Banten, Indonesia. In this study, 125 buffaloes from six regions were investigated based on 11 morphometric characters. Morphometric diversity was analyzed using multivariate discriminant analysis. The Euclidean genetic distances were used to estimate the phenotypic relationship among the buffalo populations. The indigenous buffaloes of Banten have high morphometric diversity, with a coefficient from 2.83 to 41.43%. The body length and chest circumference can be used as a morphometric marker to determine potential indigenous buffaloes as their high correlation coefficient value (0.506). The Serang district buffaloes have the highest mean of body length and chest circumference, which shows that this population is potential compared to the populations from other regions. The morphometric of buffalo population from Serang City, Cilegon City, Serang District, and Pandeglang District tend to be homogenous. Meanwhile, Lebak and Tangerang District population tends to heterogeneous. According to Euclidean distance analysis, the proximate phenotypic relationship was between Serang and Pandeglang District's buffalo populations. Our results indicated that morphometric diversity and phenotypic relationships of the populations were related to geographical origins and can be used to determine the potential indigenous of buffaloes.
Abundance and trophodynamics of surface microbial loop populations in the northern Red Sea

The population densities of filter feeding ciliates in the water of the three marine protectorates of Ras Mohammed, Nabq and Abu Galoum in the northern Red Sea, were calculated during the period from November 2006 to November 2007. Also, autotrophic nanoflagellates, heterotrophic nanoflagellates and heterotrophic bacteria were enumerated to gain some indication of the food resources available for ciliates. The abundance of ciliates in the three protectorates were found to follow an annual cycle with the highest ciliate numbers of 25.3 cells ml−1 observed in the spring, and the lowest numbers of 2.1 cells ml−1 in the summer. Abundances were at times 8-fold higher than those found in comparable studies on nutrient-poor pelagic systems and, astonishingly, approached those observed in coastal waters and in more productive open ocean systems. Nanoflagellates that could provide a food supply for the filter feeding ciliates were especially numerous in the spring, while the production of bacteria was presumably a more important component at the base of this food chain in the three protectorates’ water. The filtration activities of heterotrophic flagellates and filter feeding ciliates were compared with the population densities of bacteria, nanoflagellates and ciliates in spring and summer. Moreover, filtration rates from the literature were used to calculate the potential rate of capture of prey of different categories, as well as to calculate the time required for the whole water body to be filtered by heterotrophic nanoflagellates and filter feeding ciliates.
Gesture Authentication for Smartphones: Evaluation of Gesture Password Selection Policies

Touchscreen gestures are attracting research attention as an authentication method. While studies have showcased their usability, it has proven more complex to determine, let alone enhance, their security. Problems stem both from the small scale of current data sets and the fact that gestures are matched imprecisely – by a distance metric. This makes it challenging to assess entropy with traditional algorithms. To address these problems, we captured a large set of gesture passwords (N=2594) from crowd workers, and developed a security assessment framework that can calculate partial guessing entropy estimates, and generate dictionaries that crack 23.13% or more gestures in online attacks (within 20 guesses). To improve the entropy of gesture passwords, we designed novel blacklist and lexical policies to, respectively, restrict and inspire gesture creation. We close by validating both our security assessment framework and policies in a new crowd-sourced study (N=4000). Our blacklists increase entropy and resistance to dictionary based guessing attacks.
Salicylic acid as a mitigator of water stress in black oats seeds

Oats are a very popular grass used in crop rotation to provide organic matter, green mass and assist in the natural aeration of the soil. Agronomic factors such as acidity correction and soil fertility adjustments can be controlled, but when it comes to climatic factors, cultivation depends on favorable climate conditions for good plant development. For instance, low rainfall occurrences result in decreased percentage of germination and plant development. Water stress affects plant development. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid as a water stress mitigator on black oats. The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Products and Microorganisms of the University of Parana. Black oats ( Avena strigosa Schreb) seeds were submitted to different imbibition treatments: without imbibition, soaked in distilled water, and soaked in salicylic acid. Then, they were placed in gerbox boxes previously moistened with 6000 polyethylene glycol solution with different osmotic potentials (0.0; -0.2; -0.4; -0.6 and -0.8 MPa). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replicates. Ten days after the experiment, the following parameters were evaluated: germination percentage, germination velocity index, shoot length and radicle length. Salicylic acid at the concentration used in this study promotes a mitigating effect of water stress caused by PEG6000, increasing the germination percentage of black oat seeds.
Observations on fishery and biology of yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares(Bonnaterre, 1788) from Lakshadweep waters

The yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares is a high value oceanic resource for which targeted fishing was initiated in 2008 in Lakshadweep islands. Pole and line, troll line and drift gillnet are the major gears operated in the islands using traditionally designed mechanised Pablo boats of 25 to 34 feet overall length. Fishing operation is mainly practised during September to May. The estimated landing of total fish from three islands of Lakshadweep (Minicoy, Androth and Agatti) during January–December, 2011 was 1555 t, of which tuna contributed 83%. Maximum yellowfin tuna landing was recorded from Minicoy (84%) followed by Agatti (9 %) and Androth (7%). Smaller sized yellowfin tuna with fork length (FL) measuring 42-46 cm were observed throughout the year. Swarming crab, Charybdis smithii was the dominant food component with index of relative importance (IRI) of 87.5 followed by Auxis thazard (IRI - 5.3) and Cheilopogon sp. (IRI - 0.8). Since the inception of the World Bank aided National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), on ’Developing a value chain for oceanic tunas in Lakshadweep islands’, targeted fishing for yellowfin tuna has resulted in 37% increase in the landing of this species.
Tax Avoidance and Earning Management in Pakistan

Tax avoidance and evasion are major problems in Pakistan. The study attempts to provide information to investors and regulatory authorities of Pakistan about tax avoidance and its consequences. Book Effective Tax Rate (BETR) and Cash Effective Tax Rate (CETR) are used to measure tax avoidance. The unbalanced panel data of 189 non-financial firms are used for empirical analysis. The results of panel regression models show that managers manipulate the profitability signal via tax avoidance. Managers use tax avoidance to beat earnings targets, however, no evidence found to practice tax avoidance to just meet the profitability margin. In line with the behavioral finance view, the quick response of the stock market is positive to tax avoidance because investors focus on profitability without detail screening of cash flows. However, tax avoider firms are likely to have lower future profitability and future stock returns than other benchmark firms.