Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ophthalmological disorders after spinal anesthesia

Background & Objective: Spinal anesthesia (SA) administered for non–ophthalmic operative surgeries has been associated with ophthalmological disorders in up to 0.2% cases. However, the incidence of medical lawsuits related to these issues amounts to 2–3%, which suggests a probable higher frequency of such violations. This study was conducted to find the nature of ophthalmological disorders during SA and risk factors for their development during non–ophthalmic surgical interventions. Methodology: A prospective cohort non–intervention study was carried out in 150 adult patients undergone non– ophthalmic surgical interventions under SA for analysis of state of the visual organs during SA. Results: Ophthalmological disorders after SA were recorded in 6.7% of the patients. These disorders were of a transient nature and were no threat to the development of life–threatening dysfunctions or persistent disablement. They were directly related to the level of systemic arterial pressure. A correlation analysis demonstrated the presence of relation between the reduction in ophthalmotonus and perfusion pressure of the eyes and the administration of 0.5% bupivacaine (R = 0.7, p = 0.01). Conclusion: The results of our study prove that the individuals with prior visual organ disorders are expected to have a relatively high incidence of ophthalmological complications after spinal anesthesia, requiring the individualization of anesthesia regimes.
Ranking Aspect-Based Features in Restaurant Reviews

Ranking Aspect-Based Features in Restaurant Reviews Jacob Ling Hang Chan Department of Linguistics, BYU Master of Arts Consumers continuously review products and services on the internet. Others have frequently relied on those reviews in making purchasing decisions. Review texts are usually freeform and associated with a star rating on a 5-point scale. The majority of restaurants receive a 3.5 or 4 star rating on average, so a standalone star rating does not provide adequate information for readers to make a decision. Many researchers have approached the problem with sentiment analysis to classify a sentence or a text as expressing a positive or a negative review. Sentiment analysis, even at the fine-grained level, can only provide classification of positive and negative judgments on any particular aspect under consideration. The novel method proposed in this thesis provides insight into what aspects reviewers deem as relevant when assigning star rating to restaurants. This is accomplished by using an interpretable star rating classification method that predicts star rating based on aspect and polarity score from the review. The model first assigns a polarity score for each aspect in the review text, then predicts a star rating, and outputs a ranked list of aspect importance according to a widely used restaurant reviews dataset. The result from this thesis suggests that the classification model is able to output a reliable ranking from the review texts.
Phishing & Anti-Phishing Techniques: Case Study

Phishing is a con game that scammers use to collect personal information from unsuspecting users. The false e-mails often look surprisingly legitimate and even the Web pages where users are asked to enter their information may look real. Phishing is similar to fishing in a lake, but instead of trying to capture fish, phishers attempt to steal personal information. This paper gives brief information about phishing, its attacks, steps that users can take to safeguard their confidential information. This paper also shows a survey conducted by netcraft on phishing.
Access of Electronic Resources in Engineering College Libraries of Assam: An Empirical Analysis

The main objective of this research is to analyze and evaluate the use of web based-resources by the engineering college libraries of Assam. It covers the different types of academic users including faculty members, students and research scholars. It aims to consider the various factors of e-resources usage such as purposes, impact, importance, problems, acceptance, and satisfaction with e-resources. The survey was conducted with the help of a structured questionnaire followed by interview as and where it was felt necessary. Two formats of questionnaire were prepared; first, a printed format and second, an electronic format using Google Docs spreadsheet. The data so collected were analyzed and interpreted with the help of MS Excel. The study finds many aspects of e-resources use among engineering academics of Assam. It reveals that engineering college library users are using many types of e-resources. Using the e-resources, their academic/professional competency also improved. The teaching methodology also involved the e-resources uses and the students’ ability was also affected in a positive manner by this methodology. Some problems were also explored in using eresources. The majority of users were quite satisfied with using e-resources. The study was an attempt to evaluate the use of e-resources by users of engineering college libraries of Assam. Results from the study are encouraging and it is hoped that the findings will provide meaning and a useful platform for further research as well as usability among engineering academics will also be improved.
Suraksha: A Framework to Analyze the Safety Implications of Perception Design Choices in AVs

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) employ sophisticated computer systems and algorithms to perceive the surroundings, localize, plan, and control the vehicle. With several available design choices for each of the system components, making design decisions without analyzing system-level safety consequences may compromise performance and safety. This paper proposes an automated AV safety evaluation framework called Suraksha to quantify and analyze the sensitivities of different design parameters on AV system safety on a set of driving situations. In this paper, we employ Suraksha to analyze the safety effects of modulating a set of perception parameters (perception being the most resource demanding AV tasks) on an industrial AV system. Results reveal that (a) the perception demands vary with driving scenario difficulty levels; (b) small per-frame inaccuracies and reduced camera processing rate can be traded off for power savings or diversity; (c) tested AV system tolerates up to 10% perception noise and delay even in harder driving scenarios. These results motivate future safety- and performance-aware system optimizations.
High rates of polygyny in tropical Mexico within the native range of Vespula squamosa

Polygyny, or the formation of colonies with multiple cooperating queens, has been observed in a variety of social Hymenoptera and likely exists as a convergent evolutionary strategy. Polygyne cooperation has been observed in several Vespula sp. and is correlated with a perennial social strategy. This perennial-polygyne behavior has been observed most commonly within the tropical and subtropical regions of the invasive Vespula pensylvanica and V. germanica, and rarely within their native temperate ranges. This phenomenon has been relatively undocumented within the tropical portions the V. squamosa native range, despite it being observed in their temperate ranges several times. We observed polygyny in seven out of eight colonies of V. squamosa at a Santiago Apoala site in Oaxaca, Mexico. Our findings suggest that polygyny in these Vespula species is not solely the product of a genetic or population bottleneck resulting from introduction, but rather some undetermined environmental effects. Thesis Mentor:________________________
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN HIGH VOLTAGE INSULATION SYSTEMS FOR TURBINE GENERATORS – FIRST RESULTS

In the electrical power industry one of the first applications of nanotechnology led to a new corona resistance enamel wire for inverter fed motors. In 2006 a research program had been started to improve the electrical properties of high voltage insulation systems for turbine and hydro generators. The erosion and treeing behaviour of hv generator insulation systems loaded with inorganic particles with the scale of some ten to fifty nano-meters had been studied. The outcome of this fundamental research work is a new, more efficient nano particle based ground wall insulation for large generators with a combination of improvements in electrical, mechanical and thermal characteristics. This paper shows that with the application of specially treated spherical SiO2 nano particles as part of a well approved epoxy-mica ground wall insulation, the properties of the insulation systems can be improved significantly. Resistivity to partial discharge erosion and electrical treeing is greatly increased and results in longer lifetime until electrical breakdown. Also, the mechanical and thermal properties, which are important for stator windings of large generators, show increased values due to the influence of nanocomposites. As a first step, basic investigations on epoxy-mica nanocomposites were carried out on plate shaped specimens with standardized electrode configuration for screening tests on material properties. In the second step of development, the new nanocomposite insulation system was tested at small stator winding bars prepared by the same manufacturing process as the original stator winding coils. In the third step, the electrical and thermal tests are transferred to full-size generator stator bars. Compared to the established reference system, the new nano particle based high voltage insulation system shows a tremendous improvement in the electrical lifetime.
Paleoearthquake Magnitude Detection Limit Along the Himalayan Frontal 2 Thrust 3

10 The largest historical earthquakes along the Himalayan Frontal Thrust reach values of Mw equal to MW 8.711 8.9. A considered view of historical and paleoseismological observations reveals no clear and substantive 12 evidence that any has produced surface rupture along the Himalayan Frontal Thrust. The logical implication then 13 is that the paleoearthquake magnitude detection level for earthquakes on the MHT is on the order of Mw >8.7: 14 Large earthquakes with magnitudes less than this value may not be represented in the geologic record preserved 15 in fault scarps along the Himalayan Frontal Thrust. 16
Tracing-Technology Adoption During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Multifaceted Role of Social Norms

Tracing technology has been introduced as part of a broader COVID-19 containment strategy in many countries. However, little is yet known about the drivers and barriers to the adoption of tracing apps. Our theoretical framework integrates concepts from technology acceptance (i.e., perceived usefulness and ease of use), health protection (i.e., perceived threat), and social norms research (i.e., perceived norms). To understand the role of these perceptions in the decision process of people who hesitated to adopt the app (N = 327), we conducted a two-wave panel study after app release in Switzerland. We found that perceived usefulness and ease of use of the app, as well as perceived threat of COVID-19 were positively correlated with adoption intention, whereas perceived threat of data misuse was negatively correlated with it. Social norms played a multifaceted role: They were positively correlated with perceived usefulness of the app and adoption intention. Adoption intention, in turn, predicted app adoption 10 weeks later. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of these findings © 2022 (Sarah Geber and Thomas N. Friemel). Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd). Available at http://ijoc.org
Magnetospheric Ion Bombardment of Europa’s Surface

Jupiter’s moon Europa is exposed to constant bombardment by magnetospheric charged particles, which are expected to be a major source of physical and chemical surface modification. Here we have investigated the flux of magnetospheric ions at Europa’s surface by carrying out single particle tracing within realistic electromagnetic fields from multifluid magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the moon’s interaction with Jupiter’s magnetosphere. We find that magnetic field line draping and pileup leads to shielding and drastically reduced flux at low latitudes across Europa’s trailing (upstream) hemisphere. Furthermore, we find that magnetic induction within Europa’s subsurface ocean leads to additional shielding when the moon is located at high magnetic latitudes in Jupiter’s magnetosphere. Overall, we find that the high-latitude and polar regions on Europa receive the largest flux of magnetospheric ions. Both spacecraft and ground-based observations have previously identified a non–water ice surface species concentrated at Europa’s trailing (upstream) hemisphere, possibly hydrated sulfuric acid formed from radiolysis of water ice with implanted S ions. Our results demonstrate that the S ion flux across Europa’s equatorial trailing (upstream) hemisphere is strongly reduced, possibly indicating that the formation of the observed non–water ice species is controlled primarily by energy input from magnetospheric electrons, rather than the flux of S ions. We find that that O and S ions at >1 MeV energies have nearly uniform access to the surface, while energetic protons in this energy range are constrained to a “bull’s-eye” centered on the trailing (upstream) hemisphere.
The Nearby Dwarf Irregular Galaxy IC 1613 and Its Complex Bubble Region: Chandra and VLA Observations

We observed the nearby irregular galaxy IC 1613 with the Chandra X-ray Observatory, for 49.9 ks using the ACIS S3 chip, and with the VLA at 6 cm for 0.7 hr. The Chandra observation targeted the extensive bubble region in the northeast quadrant. We detect 31 sources within the D 25 diameter above a significance of 3σ corresponding to a point-source luminosity limit L X of ≈2 × 1035 erg s−1 (0.3–8 keV band). The VLA observation covered the entire galaxy with an angular resolution of 5″. We detect 11 sources: five do not fall on the ACIS chips, four fall on the S3 CCD, and two sit on the edge of the S2 CCD. We also describe corresponding Spitzer IRAC and MIPS images. Our detected source list matches the lists of two previous global point-source analyses except at the faint end. With the exception of one bright supernova remnant, the sources appear to be low-luminosity stellar sources (e.g., RS CVn stars) or X-ray binaries, or background objects. We identify one candidate supersoft source. All but one of the sources have at least one optical or infrared counterpart; three sources have radio counterparts. We describe our search for diffuse emission from the bubble region. We assign an upper limit of ≈5 × 1035 erg s−1 on the integrated flux and ≈1.4 × 1030 erg s−1 pc−2 on the surface brightness emission in the 0.5–2 keV band from that region.
A 12.2 GHz Methanol Maser Survey toward the 6.7 GHz Counterparts Associated with/without UC H ii Regions

We report a new survey of the 12.2 GHz Class II methanol masers toward a sample of 367 sources with the 6.7 GHz methanol masers conducted with the Shanghai 65 m Tianma Radio Telescope. This sample has been previously made with observations of the radio continuum emission of UC H ii regions by the VLA. A total of 176 sources were detected with the 12.2 GHz methanol maser, with a detection rate of 48%, including 8 new detections. A lower detection rate (<10%) was determined toward the sources in the Galactic longitude ranges of 60°–180°, revealing that the physical environments from those sources in the Local arm or the tails of Galactic arms do not easily excite the 12.2 GHz masers. In addition, two detections of highly excited-state OH masers at the 13.4 GHz transition were made, one of which is a new detection. Compared to previous surveys, one-third of the detected 12.2 GHz masers show considerable flux variations, implying the possible changes of their physical environments associated with variable radiation fields from their host high-mass young stellar objects. A positive log–log correlation is found between the luminosities of the 6.7 and 12.2 GHz masers in our observed sample, suggesting that both the transition masers have similar excitation conditions. The statistical analysis for the relationships between the methanol maser luminosity and UC H ii region spatial size indicates that the maser luminosities of both the 6.7 and 12.2 GHz transitions have a decreasing trend with the spatial sizes of the associated UC H ii regions, indicating that the Class II methanol masers might fade away with the H ii region evolution.
Two Correlations with Enhancement Near the Proton Gyroradius Scale in Solar Wind Turbulence: Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and Wind Observations

Based on the Parker Solar Probe mission, this paper presents the observations of two correlations in solar wind turbulence near the Sun for the first time, demonstrating the clear existence of the following two correlations. One is positive correlation between the proton temperature and turbulent magnetic energy density. The other is negative correlation between the spectral index and magnetic helicity. It is found that the former correlation has a maximum correlation coefficient (CC) at the wavenumber k ρ p ≃ 0.5 (ρ p being the proton thermal gyroradius), and the latter correlation has a maximum absolute value of CC at k ρ p ≃ 1.8. In addition, investigations based on 11 yr of Wind observations reveal that the dimensionless wavenumbers (k ρ p ) corresponding to the maximum (absolute) values of CC remain nearly the same for different data sets. These results tend to suggest that the two correlations enhanced near the proton gyroradius scale would be a common feature of solar wind turbulence.
Evidence for Gas-phase Metal Deficiency in Massive Protocluster Galaxies at z ∼2.2

We study the mass–metallicity relation for 19 members of a spectroscopically confirmed protocluster in the COSMOS field at z = 2.2 (CC2.2), and compare it with that of 24 similarly selected field galaxies at the same redshift. Both samples are Hα emitting sources, chosen from the HiZELS narrowband survey, with metallicities derived from the N2[NII]λ6584Hα line ratio. For the mass-matched samples of protocluster and field galaxies, we find that protocluster galaxies with 109.9 M ⊙ ≤ M * ≤ 1010.9 M ⊙ are metal deficient by 0.10 ± 0.04 dex (2.5σ significance) compared to their coeval field galaxies. This metal deficiency is absent for low-mass galaxies, M * < 109.9 M ⊙. Moreover, relying on both spectral energy distribution derived and Hα (corrected for dust extinction based on M*) star formation rates (SFRs), we find no strong environmental dependence of the SFR–M * relation; however, we are not able to rule out the existence of small dependence due to inherent uncertainties in both SFR estimators. The existence of 2. 5σ significant metal deficiency for massive protocluster galaxies favors a model in which funneling of the primordial cold gas through filaments dilutes the metal content of protoclusters at high redshifts (z ≳ 2). At these redshifts, gas reservoirs in filaments are dense enough to cool down rapidly and fall into the potential well of the protocluster to lower the gas-phase metallicity of galaxies. Moreover, part of this metal deficiency could be originated from galaxy interactions that are more prevalent in dense environments.
Effect of Previous Alkylating Agent Exposure on Follicle Numbers in Cryopreserved Prepubertal and Young Adult Ovarian Tissue after Long-Term Xenografting

Simple Summary Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is a promising technique for fertility preservation in cancer patients at increased risk for subfertility. The International Guideline Harmonization Group recommends ovarian tissue cryopreservation for children and young adults before therapy with cumulative doses of alkylating agent at or above 6000–8000 mg/m2. A therapy that poses a high risk of subfertility is rarely the first-line therapy and many of the patients have already undergone several regimens of chemotherapy. The aim of our study was to assess the effects of chemotherapy exposures on the quality of cryopreserved ovarian tissue. We confirmed the harmful effects of alkylating agents on xenografted ovarian tissue and suggest that cumulative doses which are not regarded as an indication for fertility preservation in children and young adult may decrease the quality of cryopreserved follicles. Abstract Purpose and methods: To elucidate whether previous cancer treatment affects graft recovery and follicle numbers, morphology, and development in grafts, cryopreserved ovarian biopsies obtained from 18 cancer patients aged 1–24 years with and without exposure to chemotherapy were xenografted as 1 mm3 fragments to immunodeficient mice for 22 weeks with exogenous stimulation. Results: Graft recovery showed no association with chemotherapy exposure, pubertal stage, or leukemia contamination. Total follicle number per recovered graft varied between 0 and 1031 in the chemotherapy-exposed and between 0 and 502 in the non-chemotherapy-exposed group. Atretic follicles formed the largest proportion of the follicle pool in chemotherapy-exposed grafts. Increased atresia correlated with exposure to alkylating agents (mean ± SD 8866.2 ± 9316.3 mg/m2) but not with anthracyclines, pubertal stage, or leukemia contamination. Conclusion: The observation confirms the harmful effects of alkylating agents on ovarian tissue. Therapy at the median cumulative dose of 8866 mg/m2 leads to the decreased quality of cryopreserved ovarian follicles in children and young adults.
Tacit Knowledge and Product Information about the Environmental Impact towards the Purchase Intention of Electric Motorcycles

In recent years, Indonesia has started to adopt electric motorcycles (EMCs), but until 2019 the market share of electric vehicles (EVs) was only around 0.05%. This figure is far from the target set by the Ministry of Industry of a 20% market share in 2025. This quantitative research was conducted to get a novel picture of what potential customers think about EMC products. The proposed model used structural equation modelling with SmartPLS-3 over 300 respondents. The research found that detailed product information positively and significantly influences consumer attitudes toward adopting EMCs. Tacit knowledge also positively and significantly influences consumer attitudes toward the environment. Furthermore, tacit knowledge directly affects the purchase intention of EMCs with a significant and positive value. As the mediating variable, consumer attitudes towards the environment have no mediation effect toward purchase intention. These findings are expected to increase the public’s knowledge and awareness of the environmental impact in determining which EMC products are more environmentally friendly than others. Here, environmentally friendly means the absence of direct emissions on vehicle exhaust and the total direct and indirect emissions.
The Intergenerational Transmission of Employers and the Earnings of Young Workers∗

To what extent do connections in the labor market shape intergenerational mobility? I use employer-employee linked data to study one important type of connection: jobs obtained at a parent’s employer. 29 percent of individuals work for a parent’s employer at least once by age 30. Exploiting transitory and idiosyncratic variation in the availability of jobs at the parent’s employer, I estimate that working for a parent’s employer increases initial earnings by 19 percent. The results are attributable to parents using their connections to provide access to higher-paying firms. Individuals with higher-earning parents are more likely to work for a parent’s employer and experience larger earnings gains when they do. Consequently, the elasticity of initial earnings with respect to parental earnings would be 7.2 percent lower if no one found a job through these connections. The findings raise the possibility that connections to firms through one’s social network could be an important determinant of intergenerational mobility.