Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mode of Delivery Decisions Among HIV-infected Mothers at an Urban Maternity Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya

Purpose: The objectives of this study are to describe mode of delivery decision making among HIV positive women, understand patient knowledge and attitudes regarding elective cesarean section (ECS) for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT), and in turn quantify the use of ECS for PMTCT at an urban Kenyan maternity hospital. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study involving the survey of postpartum HIV-infected women delivering at Pumwani Maternity Hospital (PMH) in Nairobi, Kenya. Each participant was interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. Results: 250 women participated in this study over the course of three months. The rate of delivery by ECS for PMTCT was 4.0% (10/250), though 13.6% (34/250) planned this mode of delivery. Planning ECS was positively correlated with higher education levels (OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.09-1.94, p=0.028) and markers of higher socio-economic status including having a private toilet (OR: 2.89; 95% CI: 1.43-3.84, p=0.002) and living in a home with greater than one room (OR: 2.89; 95% CI: 1.07-7.80, p=0.033). The strongest correlates of ECS planning included having a surgical history (OR=5.86, 95% CI: 2.9211.77, p<0.001), attending clinic at PMH (OR=7.85, 95% CI: 4.63-13.30, p<0.001), and knowledge of ECS (OR=24.50, 95% CI: 8.10-93.35, p<0.001). Patient education regarding ECS for PMTCT was limited, and 64% (160/250) of participants had never heard of this PMTCT intervention. Most often cited concerns regarding cesarean section included increased recovery time (66.3%), minor complications (55.4%), and risk of death (48.7%). Post-counseling, 48.0% (120/250) of participants would choose elective cesarean section if offered, while 67.6% (169/250) would opt for this mode of delivery if the cost of ECS was the same as vaginal delivery. Correlates of ECS acceptability included high socioeconomic status (e.g. secondary education OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.252.15, p<0.001; ability to pay for delivery OR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.12-1.76, p=0.003), surgical history (OR=2.79, 95% CI: 1.21-6.43, p=0.011), and attendance at PMH antenatal clinic (OR=3.03, 95% CI: 1.54-5.98 p=0.001). Conclusions: Patient knowledge and uptake of ECS for PMTCT is limited at PMH. Although women are aware of the dangers of ECS, post-counseling acceptability of ECS, especially if the burden of cost is removed, is high.
COMPARISON OF SALIVARY AND SERUM CORTISOL CONCENTRATION IN RESPONSE TO ACTH CHALLENGE IN SHEEP

Cortisol concentration in blood serum is routinely used as a physiological marker of stress in animals. However, blood sampling is an invasive procedure and may itself be a stressor. The objective of this study was to determine if salivary cortisol concentration reflects serum cortisol concentration in ewes. In each of 2 studies, 6 Suffolk ewes were administered ACTH (100 IU, i.v.), while 6 others received saline. Serum and saliva samples were taken, and cortisol concentration was measured in each (RIA). Collection interval was 15 min for study 1 and 3 min for study 2. Cortisol concentration was similar (P > 0.05) between control and ACTH-treated ewes for serum area under the curve, time to peak serum cortisol, and time to peak saliva cortisol, and between saliva and serum for time to peak and return to baseline in both studies. Both saliva and serum cortisol concentration rose in response to both ACTH and saline injection, and rate of cortisol release was similar in both responses. Salivary area under the curve was greater (P = 0.016) for ewes receiving ACTH than control ewes in study 1, but this trend only approached significance (P = 0.067) in study 2. Return of serum cortisol to baseline was longer (P < 0.05) for ACTH-treated ewes in both studies, as was return of saliva cortisol to baseline (P < 0.05) for ACTH-treated ewes. Serum to saliva cortisol correlation analysis revealed close correlation between the 2 fluids in both studies (r = 0.88 and 0.73 for studies 1 and 2, respectively; P < 0.0001), and regression analysis indicated salivary to serum cortisol coefficients of b = 0.86 and 0.47 for studies 1 and 2, respectively (P < 0.001). These data indicate that salivary cortisol concentration is closely linked to concentrations in blood, and is suitable as a noninvasive substitute to serum collection for the measurement of cortisol in animals.
Tuberculous Otitis Media: A Series of 22 Patients

A series of 22 cases of tuberculous otitis media is reviewed to assess the diagnostic features of the disease. Significant clinical features are the presence of abundant pale granulations, an unexpectedly severe hearing loss, facial paralysis, the presence of normal mastoid cellular development and a past or family history of tuberculosis of any site. The otoscopic appearances of the tympanic membrane, and the symptom of painless otorrhea are not considered suspicious features. Histological examination of operative material was the diagnostic procedure in 20/22 cases, thus underlining the difficulty of diagnosis in a non‐tuberculous general population. Treatment with antituberculous chemotherapy and surgery gives good results and recent indications are that tympanoplastic surgery may be useful.
Knowledge and awareness regarding hepatitis B among preclinical medical and dental students of Chitwan Medical College Nepal: a questionnaire-based study -

Background: The knowledge of students regarding hepatitis B virus (HBV) before attending clinical years, when their daily activities will be closely related to patients’ body fluids, plays vital role in minimizing the risk of acquiring HBV infection. Objective: We aimed to assess the knowledge regarding HBV infection, its mode of transmission, and prevention among preclinical medical and dental students. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured self-administered questionnaire among the students of Chitwan Medical College, Nepal. A descriptive statistics along with Z ratio was used to analyze the obtained data. Results: Among 313 completely filled questionnaires, respondents gave 87% correct answers regarding the knowledge of HBV infection and 89.6% on its preventive aspect. However, only 73.5% participants were vaccinated for HBV. The blood and blood products (50%) followed by sexual contact (31%) were common mode of transmission reported. Compared to first year, significantly better knowledge was found among second year medical students regarding the infectious/transmissible nature of hepatitis B disease (p = 0.004), its causative agent (p = 0.004), and mandatory screening for HBV of blood donor before transfusion (p = 0.02). Conclusion: The students had good knowledge regarding HBV infection and its preventive aspect. All students should be mandatorily vaccinated before attending the clinical years.
Admission troponin-I predicts subsequent cardiac complications and mortality in acute stroke patients

Purpose The importance of troponin elevation at stroke presentation remains uncertain. We aimed to assess whether baseline ultrasensitive Troponin I (hs-TnI) predicts cardiac complications and outcome in acute stroke patients. Method Stroke patients admitted within 6 h were consecutively enrolled from May 2013 to March 2014. Blood samples were taken at admission to determine hs-TnI by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. hs-TnI > 34.2 pg/ml (male) and >15.6 pg/ml (female) were considered elevated. Complications during in-hospital stay and outcome at 90 days were prospectively recorded. Independent predictors of cardiac complications (heart failure and acute coronary syndrome) and mortality were determined by logistic regression. The additional predictive value of hs-TnI was evaluated by integrated discrimination improvement index. A subanalysis was performed after excluding patients with previous cardiac diseases. Findings From 174 patients, 39(22%) had elevated hs-TnI, having these patients higher incidence of cardiac complications (57% versus 19%, p = 0.004). hs-TnI was an independent predictor of cardiac complications (OR = 16.1 (1.7–150.3)) together with diastolic blood pressure (OR = 0.92 (0.86–0.99)). Addition of hs-TnI to clinical variables significantly improved discrimination (IDI = 15.2% (7.8–22.7)). Subanalysis in patients without previous cardiac diseases showed similar results. Elevated hs-TnI was independently associated with 90 days mortality (OR = 3.6 (1.3–9.4)), but addition of hs-TnI to clinical data did not result in an increased discrimination. Discussion The present study confers hs-TnI a 2b level of evidence as a diagnostic tool to predict cardiac complications in stroke. Absence of serial hs-TnI measurements and limited sample size are the main weaknesses of the study. Conclusion Patients with elevated baseline hs-TnI showed a higher frequency of cardiac complications and a higher mortality. Measurement of hs-TnI in acute stroke might be useful to identify patients at a high risk of cardiac complications and death.
Cyclin-D1 protooncogen expression in prostate cancer

Cyclin D1, a cell cycle regulator essential for G1 phase progression, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of certain cancers. High levels of these proteins have been reported in certain human malignancies and have been implicated in aberrant cell division and dysregulated tumor growth. In this study, 30 prostate cancer and 25 benign prostate tissues were studied for cyclin D1 expression using an immunohistochemical technique. All of the primary prostate cancer samples revealed regions of moderate to strongly positive nuclear staining for cyclin D1, however there was no nuclear staining in the benign prostate tissue except weak staining in the stroma. There was a positive correlation between Gleason grade and staining intensity for cyclin D1. The increased expression of cyclin D1 in prostate cancer samples suggests that further studies on the expression of this gene and related genes may be of interest in understanding the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. The positive correlation between Gleason grade and protein expression may be used as a prognostic marker in prostate cancer. Further studies are needed to confirm this suggestion. [Turk J Cancer 2000;30(1):15-23]
Oncologic outcomes of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal after chemoradiation therapy

Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyze the oncological outcomes of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anal canal after chemoradiation therapy (CRT) in a single institution. Methods: Fifty-one patients with anal SCC who had been treated with CRT between January 2000 and December 2010 were analyze data single center in Korea. Results: Forty-eight patients exhibited clinical complete response. After a median follow-up of 42.1 months, 13 patients (25.5%) showed recurrence. The disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 63.4% at 5 and 10 years. The overall survival (OS) rates were 83.6% (5 years) and 75.2% (10 years). Stage I: DFS, 100%; OS, 100%; stage II: DFS, 85.7%; OS, 100%; stage IIIA: DFS, 68.6%; OS, 87.5%; stage IIIB: DFS, 34.7%; OS, 48.4%; and stage IV: DFS and OS, 0%. The local recurrence patterns were as follows: pelvic node (n=4, 7.8%), inguinal node (n=1, 2.0%), and inguinal and pelvic node (n=1, 2.0%). The systemic recurrence patterns were as follows: lung (n=2, 3.9%), para-aortic node (n=1, 2.0%), and extrapelvic site (n=2, 3.9%). N-stage represented a single independent prognostic factor for recurrence (P Conclusion: CRT for SCC of the anal canal is effective for oncological outcomes and sphincter preservation. The initial nodal status may affect the oncological outcome.
Cursive Caption Text Detection in Videos

Textual content appearing in videos represents an interesting index for semantic retrieval of videos (from archives), generation of alerts (live streams) as well as high level applications like opinion mining and content summarization. One of the key components of such systems is the detection of textual content in video frames and the same makes the subject of our present study. This paper presents a robust technique for detection of textual content appearing in video frames. More specifically we target text in cursive script taking Urdu text as a case study. Detection of textual regions in video frames is carried out by fine-tuning object detectors based on deep convolutional neural networks for the specific case of text detection. Since it is common to have videos with caption text in multiple-scripts, cursive text is distinguished from Latin text using a script-identification module. Finally, detection and script identification are combined in a single end-to-end trainable system. Experiments on a comprehensive dataset of around 11,000 video frames report an F-measure of 0.91.
Laser therapy modulates systemic inflammatory processes and muscle atrophy in an experimental model of sepsis in rats

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the modulation of the systemic inflammatory processes and skeletal muscle morphology in an experimental sepsis model (cecal ligation and puncture, CLP). Study design: Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (CG); sepsis group (SG) where rats were submitted to CLP but without LLLT treatment, and the sepsis laser-treated group (SLG). Laser irradiation (GaAlAs laser, continuous wave, 808 nm, 30 mW, 48 s, 30 J/cm2, 0.028 cm2, 1.07 mW/cm2) was performed immediately after surgery and every 24 h at 4 points (on the middle of tibialis anterior and diaphragm, bilaterally), through the punctual contact technique. All sepsis animals were sacrificed at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h post-surgery. The immunohistochemistry analysis was used to verify the expression of proteins related to the regulation of muscle wasting (MuRF-1 and atrogin). In order to investigate the action of LLLT on inflammatory mediators in the rat sepsis model, two inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-10, were evaluated. Results: The results showed that the laser-treated animals presented a lower IL-6 activity and decreased atrogin and MuRF-1 immunoexpression. However, no difference was observed in muscle cross-sectional area between the experimental groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that LLLT was able to decrease the systemic inflammation and muscle atrophy markers, preventing muscle protein degradation.
Developmental screening and communication delays in infants : a South African primary health care perspective

The study examined developmental screening and communication delays in infants from underserved PHC contexts in South Africa. More specifically the Road to Health Booklet (RTHB) checklist was compared to a standardized international tool i.e. the PEDS tools, consisting of the PEDS and PEDS: DM. The relationship between psychosocial risks and communication delays was determined. The study also reported on the prevalence and nature of communication delays in these infants. Finally the study evaluated the accuracy of the PEDS tools to detect communication delays, against an internationally accepted diagnostic assessment tool, the Rossetti Infant Toddler Language Scale (RITLS). A comparative cross-sectional within-subject design was employed. Parent interviews to obtain background information, the PEDS tools, the RTHB developmental checklist and Rossetti Infant Toddler Language Scales (RITLS) were used to collect data from caregivers of 201 infants, aged six to 12 months, selected through convenience sampling, at PHC facilities in the Tshwane district, South Africa. Sensitivity of the RTHB developmental checklist was determined to be low (25%), but specificity values were high (86%-91%). The RTHB developmental checklist failed to identify more than half the infants at risk of delays or disorders. Hence, based on the results of this study, the nationally implemented developmental checklist was found to be ineffective in identifying at-risk infants. It is strongly recommended that the tool be adapted and validated or replaced in order to improve identification of at-risk infants. Associations between communication delays and risks were determined using Chisquare and Fisher’s exact non-parametric test statistics and a log linear model was built to model the simultaneous effect of significant risks on the probability of having communication delays. Communication delays were present in 13% of infants. Association between three risk factors (i.e. housing status, age of mother and number of siblings) and language delays was established. Infants with two or more siblings, born from mothers aged 1829 years who own their house have for example a 39% chance of presenting with communication delays. The impact of combined risk factors on language development
Risk of self-inflicted violence: a presage of tragedy, an opportunity for prevention

No Brasil, foram registrados mais de 30 obitos autoprovocados por dia em 2012 sendo a estimativa para as Tentativas de Suicidio cerca de 10 a 20 vezes maior o que exige estrategias intersetoriais para prevenir novos casos e acompanhar os grupos de risco. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a associacao de fatores considerados de risco com a tentativa de suicidio em pessoas atendidas em um hospital de referencia da regiao norte do Ceara a partir do metodo caso-controle de base populacional. Foram incluidos 153 casos e 153 controles admitidos entre agosto de 2013 e agosto de 2015 pareados por sexo, idade e procedencia. A coleta de dados foi realizada por um formulario proprio e as informacoes processadas pelo SPSS. Na amostra de casos prevaleceram os adultos jovens sem diferenca significativa por sexo. Destacou-se como metodo a Intoxicacao Exogena e as motivacoes por conflitos amorosos e familiares. O lazer demonstrou-se protetor. Os fatores de risco foram ‘Tentativa de suicidio anterior’, ‘ser portador de algum transtorno mental’, ‘historico familiar de comportamento autolesivo’ e ‘uso abusivo de drogas’. Muitos dos controles referiram ideacao suicida em algum momento da vida. Recomenda-se o rastreamento a partir dos preditores mais impactantes e a sensibilizacao para notificacao.
La perception de la féminité et sa relation au maquillage

Ce travail de these questionne la perception de la feminite et sa relation au maquillage. Cette recherche est initiee par l’etude de l’impact du maquillage sur la modification d’une caracteristique du dimorphisme sexuel : le contraste facial (CF) (Russell, 2003, 2009). Nous avons demontre que malgre la pertinence du CF, celui-ci est insuffisant pour rendre compte du lien maquillage/feminite. Ces resultats nous interpellent quant a la seule presence du maquillage pour evaluer la feminite sans se referer aux caracteristiques biologiques. Le maquillage, par sa representation sociale, est fortement lie a celle de la feminite. Le soin du corps qu’il represente en fait un element central pour la feminite des femmes. Huguet et al. (2006) demontre l’existence d’un stereotype « ce dont on a pris soin est bien » pouvant etre active par la presence de maquillage. Nous avons demontre l’existence d’une norme sociale astreignant les femmes a se maquiller pour etre feminine, ou le maquillage est une condition necessaire pour obtenir non seulement des jugements de feminite eleves mais egalement un ensemble de caracteristiques positives. La perception de la feminite integre dans son processus de realisation a la fois des indices perceptifs mais fait egalement appel aux connaissances disponibles en memoire, les stereotypes, les representations et les normes sociales rendues accessibles par le maquillage. Nous pouvons alors conclure que le maquillage n’est pas, par nature, feminin et positif mais qu’il est utilise comme un element de reference dans une conception multidimensionnelle de la feminite.
English VP anaphors : do it, do this, do that

Cette these propose une etude de l’alternance entre do it, this and do that dans leur emploi comme anaphores verbales (Verb Phrase anaphors, VPAs), ou ils renvoient a une action saillante soit evoquee precedemment dans le discours, (la plus souvent via un SV) soit, par exophore, a une action saillante dans la situation discursive mais non evoquee explicitement dans le discours precedent. Do it/this/that ont ete peu etudies dans la litterature par ailleurs consequente sur l’anaphore and et en particulier l’ellipse du VP (VP ellipsis, VPE, par ex. Kim knows the answer and Pat does too). En effet, on a longtemps considere que ces trois constructions sont interchangeables entre elles ainsi qu’avec do so et l’ellipse, de sorte qu’un examen detaille de leur proprietes discursives n’a pas ete juge utile. Les exemples ci-dessous montrent que cette supposition est incorrecte: en (1), un exemple atteste tire du BNC, do this/that/so pourraient etre employes au lieu de do it, mais en (3), do that est nettement prefere. S’agissant de l’ellipse, elle est peu naturelle en (1) et prefere un contexte comme celui en (2). 1. They’ve been rescuing companies for so long they do it automatically now, I expect. (AB9, ok: they do this/that/so automatically…)2. They’ve been rescuing companies for so long that whenever they do, it’s always a success.3. He closes his eyes when he speaks and I don’t trust anyone who does that. (AHF ; …anyone who #does this/#it/#so)A partir d’un echantillon d’exemples annotes du British National corpus (BNC, Davies 2004-), notre etude examinera les facteurs qui entrent en jeu dans l’alternance entre do it/this/that. Le choix entre les VPAs est determine entre autres par le registre, la presence d’un circonstant apres l’anaphore, la mention ou non de l’antecedent avant la phrase antecedent, et dans une moindre mesure, la saillance de l’antecedent et la familiarite supposee qu’en a le destinataire. Do it renvoie en general a des actions tres saillantes qui sont ensuite decrites plus en detail par le biais d’un circonstant. Do this, au contraire, denote plutot des actions qui n’ont pas ete evoquees avant la phrase antecedent, et son emploi avec un circonstant est moins frequent que pour do it. Do that est employe le plus souvent sans circonstant, et son usage presente parfois de grandes similarites avec l’ellipse.
The COPII subunit MoSec24B is involved in development, pathogenicity and autophagy in the rice blast fungus

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) acts as the starting point of the secretory pathway, where approximately one-third of the proteins are correctly folded and modified, loaded into vesicles, and transported to the Golgi for further processing and modification. In this process, COPII vesicles are responsible for transporting cargo proteins from the ER to the Golgi. Here, we identified the inner shell subunit of COPII vesicles (MoSec24B) and explored the importance of MoSec24B in the rice blast fungus. The targeted disruption of MoSec24B led to decreased growth, reduced conidiation, restricted glycogen and lipids utilization, sensitivity to the cell wall and hypertonic stress, the failure of septin-mediated repolarization of appressorium, impaired appressorium turgor pressure, and decreased ability to infect, which resulted in reduced pathogenicity to the host plant. Furthermore, MoSec24B functions in the three mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways by acting with MoMst50. Deletion of MoSec24B caused reduced lipidation of MoAtg8, accelerated degradation of exogenously introduced GFP-MoAtg8, and increased lipidation of MoAtg8 upon treatment with a late inhibitor of autophagy (BafA1), suggesting that MoSec24B regulates the fusion of late autophagosomes with vacuoles. Together, these results suggest that MoSec24B exerts a significant role in fungal development, the pathogenesis of filamentous fungi and autophagy.
The Power Clean and Power Snatch From the Knee

ABSTRACTTHE POWER CLEAN AND POWER SNATCH FROM THE KNEE CAN BE USED IN THE TEACHING PROGRESSION OF THE CLEAN AND SNATCH EXERCISES BECAUSE THEY EMPHASIZE POSITIONAL STRENGTH DURING THE TRANSITION PHASE, USE THE DOUBLE KNEE BEND TECHNIQUE, AND TRAIN THE TRIPLE EXTENSION OF THE HIP, KNEE, AND ANKLE JOIN