Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efeito de diferentes substratos sobre o desenvolvimento de mudas de Acacia sp.

Sewage sludge has been studied as source of organic matter on seedling production. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the development of Acacia mangium and Acacia auriculiformis seedlings in the following substrates: a) oxic horizon + sand (1:1, v:v) + 160, 640 e 160 g m-3 of N, P2O5 and K2O respectively (HB); b) oxic horizon + sand + cattle manure (1:1:1, v:v) (HBE); c) oxic horizon + sand + sewage sludge (1:1:1, v:v) (HBL) and; d) 100% sewage sludge (LE). The substrates were limed with 1 kg m-3CaCO3 p.a. Seeds, inoculated and non-inoculated with Rhizobium, were used, and 90 days after planting, measures of collar diameter, plant height, and root and shoot dry matter (with determination of N, P, K, Ca and Mg) were taken. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, in a factorial 2 x 4 arrangement (with or without inoculation x 4 substrates). Better performance in seedling growth was obtained in the LE substrate with inoculated seeds. Comparatively, the HBE substrate was superior to the HBL substrate. There were no significant differences for most evaluated parameters in the HBE, HBL and HB substrates due to inoculation, probably because the existence of native bacteria in these substrates. The seedlings developing in the LE substrate accumulated more N and Ca, mainly when inoculated. There was a tendency of larger P, K and Mg accumulation in shoots of seedlings developing in the HBE substrate.
Halobacterium salinarum nom. corrig., a Name To Replace Halobacterium salinarium (Elazari-Volcani) and To Include Halobacterium halobium and Halobacterium cutirubrum

The specific epithet of Halobacterium salinarium is a grammatically incorrect form for the genitive of salinae (salt works). Therefore, we propose that the name of the type species of the genus Halobacterium should be changed to Halobacterium salinarum nom. corrig. This species includes strains often designated Halobacterium halobium or Halobacterium cutirubrum.
The Feasibility of Using Nutritional Modifications to Replace Drugs in Poultry Feeds

Abstract The restrictions in the use of in-feed antibiotics and proteins of animal origin in many European countries have increased the incidence of enteric disorders in poultry. Management and dietary changes have been suggested to reduce the negative effects of enteritis on broiler performance and carcass quality. Practices used in this respect are enhancement of the development of the gastrointestinal tract, improvement of nutrient digestibility, and modification of the conditions of the intestinal contents to promote a balanced growth of native flora. The most promising areas of research are the use of enzymes and the inclusion of whole grains in the diet. Areas of interest, but needing large amounts of basic information, include studies on the interrelationship between diet composition and the microbiota within the gastrointestinal tract. Also, the influence of processing of diets and ingredients and of the inclusion of natural additives on digestive physiology and microflora growth deserves attention. In conclusion, dietary manipulation of the diet together with management changes will reduce to manageable levels the problems associated with the ban of use of growth promoters in broiler feeds.
Low Temperature Copper-Copper Bonding of Non-Planarized Copper Pillar With Passivation

Low-thermal-budget (180 °C for 15 sec) Cu pillar to Cu pillar bonding with Pd passivation under the atmosphere is developed without any planarization pretreatment before the bonding process. The bonded structure is investigated with material analysis, electrical measurement and reliability test. The results show that although the Cu pillar has a high roughness surface due to the electroplating process with a high deposition rate, Cu atoms can still diffuse and connect through the passivation layer and perform the low-thermal-budget Cu pillar direct bonding. Low specific contact resistance and stable resistance of daisy chain shown in the reliability test reveal the excellent bonding quality and integrity. This Cu-Cu bonding method is therefore favorable for chip stacking technology development in 3D packaging domain.
Investigation of Light-Stimulated α-IGZO Based Photoelectric Transistors for Neuromorphic Applications

In this article, the steady and transient characteristics of the light-stimulated synaptic transistor based on amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide thin film are investigated. An optoelectronic trap charge model with steady and transient methods is employed to simulate the properties of such a neuromorphic device. The device simulation results agree well with the experimental data detected from the fabricated transistors. These numerical simulations can efficiently mimic the synaptic behaviors, such as excitatory postsynaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation, and even high-pass filtering characteristic as well. Furthermore, these results provide a prospective physical understanding of the photosensitive synaptic device for neuromorphic systems and brain-like chips.
Contrasting evolutionary hypotheses between two mediterranean‐climate floristic hotspots: the Cape of southern Africa and the Mediterranean Basin

The Cape of southern Africa and the Mediterranean Basin, two of the world's five mediterranean‐climate biodiversity hotspots, are exceptionally species‐rich and constitute a well‐described example of ecological convergence. However, the area‐adjusted plant species diversity of the Cape is on average more than double that of the Mediterranean Basin. Here, we investigate the causes of this diversity asymmetry by drawing on phylogenetic information from a variety of plant groups and focusing on three competing hypotheses: diversity disparities arising from differential clade ages, diversification rates or diversity limits.
Structural and histochemical features of Stylosanthes scabra (Leguminosae; Papilionoideae) seed coat as related to water entry

The structural and histochemical features of the seed coat of Stylosanthes scabra Vog. were investigated by bright-field and fluorescence light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The palisade cells consisted of two parts, different in structure and in histochemical characteristics: an upper furrowed part and an irregularly ending cylindrical part. The former showed a light line just below the outer ends that owing to the presence of callose, could act as a water barrier. In the hilar region a raised circular outgrowth all around the hilar fissure consisted of two parts: the rim aril, a rampart-like border of vertically oriented cells, and the remaining part with a roughly triangular-shaped cross section called funicular remnants. The rim aril showed affinity with alcian blue and did not fluoresce with either auramine O or aniline blue. It did not hinder water entry. The funicular remnants, except the parts towards the hilar fissure, reacted positively with ferric chloride and vanillin and fluor.
Effect of Traditional Processing on the Nutritional Value of Some Legumes Seeds Produced in Sudan for Poultry Feeding

Three local legumes seeds produced in Sudan were subjected in their two preliminary forms (whole and decorticated seeds) to different traditional processing and then analyzed for their composition of nutrients, minerals and amino acids. All seeds were found as good source of protein and digestible carbohydrate which support their supplementation approach in poultry diets. They show as well substantial quantities of minerals with an abundance of potassium and phosphorus. Amino acid analysis revealed high lysine, leucine, phenylalanine and arginine while sulfur-containing amino acids methionine and cystine were found deficient. Decortications and its further following processing were of worse effect mainly upon mineral contents, in addition to their impact on somewhat wastefulness of nutrient components owing to th e inefficiency of dehulling, besides its cost effects. Roasting in spite of its negligible effects was inferior to both of germination and boiling of pre-soaked whole seeds with regard to amino acids. Boiling of presoake d whole seeds was found appropriate to all studied legumes while the 72 hour germination of presoake d seeds was superior to boiling for L. purpureus seeds.
Evaluation of a Microbial Phytase, Produced by Solid State Fermentation, in Broiler Diets II. Influence on Phytate Hydrolysis, Apparent Metabolizable Energy, and Nutrient Utilization

SUMMARY The influence of a microbial phytase, produced by solid-state fermentation, on phytate phosphorus (PP) hydrolysis, AMEn, and nutrient utilization of male and female broilers fed a wheat-soy-canola diet was examined. Ileal phytate hydrolysis data provided direct evidence to the efficacy of phytase in hydrolyzing the phytic acid. Addition of 500 phytase units (PU)/kg to the wheat-soy-canola diet containing 0.28% PP increased the PP hydrolysis from 28.0 to 59.3% and from 27.2 to 51.9% in male and female broilers, respectively. Increased PP release resulted in correspondingimprovementsinapparentilealdigestibilityandretentionofphosphorusandlowered excreta phosphorus contents. Excreta phosphorus contents in birds fed the low phosphorus plus 500PU/kgwere35%lowerthanthoseinbirdsfedtheadequatephosphorusdiet,duringbothstarter and finisher phases. Phytase supplementation caused improvements in apparent ileal nitrogen digestibility, nitrogen retention, and AMEn. The overall responses observed with phytase supplementation may be partly reflective of the side enzyme activities present in this product and suggest that enzyme products with multiple enzymes may provide a competitive strategy to improve the nutrient utilization of wheat-based poultry diets.
Weed Control and Organic Mulches Affect Physiology and Growth of Landscape Shrubs

Additional index words. soil moisture, net photosynthesis, allelopathy, soil pH, foliar nitrogen Abstract. Landscape mulches are widely promoted to improve soil moisture retention, suppressweeds,andimprovethegrowthoflandscape plants.Theobjectiveofthisproject was to determine the effect of common landscape mulches (pine bark, hardwood fines, cypress mulch, color-enhanced ground pallets) on soil moisture, soil pH, weed control, and physiology and growth of landscape shrubs. Two additional treatments were not mulched: no mulch + no weed control and no mulch + weed control. Growth was measured on eight taxa (Euonymus alatus 'Compactus', Spiraea ·bumalda 'Goldflame', Weigela florida 'Java red', Taxus ·media 'Runyan', Thuja occidentalis 'Golden Globe', Hydrangea paniculata 'Tardiva', Viburnum dentatum 'Synnestvedt', Viburnum trilobum 'Compactum'). Leaf gas exchange (net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance (gs)) were measured on Hydrangea paniculata, V. dentatum, and V. trilobum only. All mulches increased soil moisture compared with no mulch +weed control. There was no difference in soil pH or foliar nitrogen among treatments. All mulches, except cypress mulch, increased plant growth of most shrub taxa compared with no mulch without weed control. Mulches increased gS relative to no mulch without weed control. Photosynthetic rates of plants mulched with cypress mulch were less than the other mulches and not different from no mulch. Overall, the result suggests that, except for cypress mulch, the organic mulches tested are equally effective in improving growth of landscape plants. Reduced photosynthetic efficiency and growth of shrubs with cypress mulch suggest potential allelopathic effects.
Lingering genetic evidence of North American mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) introduced to New Zealand.

Introduced species are becoming part of the landscape around the world. Unfortunately, in many cases, the exact source population for these introduced species is not known, which can hamper their proper management. Genetic investigations can shed light on the introduction process and we used the New Zealand mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) population as a case study to demonstrate the insights that genetics can provide. The mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) was introduced to New Zealand from the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (USA) for recreational hunting in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. We used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing to detect any enduring genetic evidence of the two small US-sourced introductions, both of which came from the same game farm. If the US-sourced introductions were pivotal in establishing mallards in New Zealand, as has been suggested, we expected that the North-American-specific haplotypes (type-B) would be common in New Zealand's present-day mallards. From a nationally distributed sample of 122 mallards, we identified 11 mallard mtDNA haplotypes, comprising 10 type-A haplotypes but only one North-American-specific haplotype, which was shared by six ducks. Mallards displayed low nucleotide and haplotype diversity. We also detected weak genetic structure between North and South Island populations (FST = 0.0961). We conclude that the concerted breeding and release of mallards between 1940 and 1960 that followed the US-sourced introductions was fuelled largely by descendants of previous UK-sourced introductions. Furthermore, we speculate that some of the US-sourced mallards may have been descended from game-farm mallards imported from Europe and therefore may not have been representative of wild US ducks.
An Attribute-Based Framework for Secure Communications in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper, we introduce an attribute-based framework to achieve secure communications in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), which enjoys several advantageous features. The proposed framework employs attribute-based signature (ABS) to achieve message authentication and integrity and protect vehicle privacy, which greatly mitigates the overhead caused by pseudonym/private key change or update in the existing solutions for VANETs based on symmetric key, asymmetric key, and identity-based cryptography and group signature. In addition, we extend a standard ABS scheme with traceability and revocation mechanisms and seamlessly integrate them into the proposed framework to support vehicle traceability and revocation by a trusted authority, and thus, the resulting scheme for vehicular communications does not suffer from the anonymity misuse issue, which has been a challenge for anonymous credential-based vehicular protocols. Finally, we implement the proposed ABS scheme using a rapid prototyping tool called Charm to evaluate its performance.
INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS ON REPRODUCTION OF THE EUROPEAN FLAT OYSTER (OSTREA EDULIS L.) IN A COASTAL LAGOON (MAR MENOR, SOUTHEASTERN SPAIN)

The influence of environmental parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, suspended matter, chlorophyll a) on the condition indices and gametogenic cycle of the European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis L.) was analyzed in the Mar Menor (Murcia, Spain) between January 1990 and December 1992. The highest condition index values were recorded during the prespawning season at temperatures between 11-12°C. Condition index values gradually decreased from 14°C, coinciding with the appearance of the first larvae in the plankton. Condition index values were lowest in summer. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the condition indices were correlated mainly with temperature and to a lesser extent, with dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a and suspended matter. Absolute chlorophyll concentrations were low and presented a negative correlation with the condition index values, though this correlation was less pronounced than that of temperature. Gametogenesis was continuous all year round, but spawning took place only at temperatures of 14°C or higher, and larvae were present in the plankton to 28°C. The low absolute values of chlorophyll a and suspended matter found in the oligotrophic Mar Menor did not seem to affect the gametogenesis, spawning or the larval development of the oysters, which feed on picoplankton, principally composed of dinoflagellates and bacteria.
Compulsory Voting

and -pressing. When polling districts were small and sparsely settled, every individual voter was certain to be known to some one among the gathering which from time immemorial surrounded the polling-place. As population increased, and the basis of suffrage was widened, the danger of &dquo; repeating &dquo; made registry laws necessary, although even to-day they are by no means universal, and may generally be disregarded if the voter is prepared to &dquo;swear in his vote&dquo; on election day. On the other hand, the freedom of the individual from intimi-
Comparison of the free radical scavenger activities of quercetin and rutin An experimental and theoretical study

Natural radical scavengers have recently received considerable interest owing to the role of free radicals in causing oxidative stress in living organisms. Flavonoids constitute one of the most important families of molecules with antioxidant activities, a characteristic associated with the presence in their structure of hydroxyl groups bound to aromatic rings. Quercetin is a potent antioxidant whose high reactivity could be associated with the presence of the OH group in the C ring. To address the role of this group in quercetin's free radical scavenging capacity, we have carried out experimental determinations and theoretical calculations regarding the reactivity of quercetin and rutin. The reactivity of both compounds towards free radicals was assessed employing the radical anion 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) and peroxyl radicals. These measurements indicate that quercetin is more reactive and has more reactive centers than rutin, suggesting that the extra OH group located in the C .
Predictors of clutch predation of a globally significant avifauna in New Zealand's braided river ecosystems

Predation by introduced mammals is decimating New Zealand's indigenous fauna. Understanding factors that influence this process allows resources for predator control to be applied with maximum effect. This study examines how predation of a secondary prey species (a relatively common but declining native plover, the banded dotterel Charadrius bicinctus) varied with reductions in abundance of a major prey source (rabbits), kill‐trapping of predators, nest density and habitat complexity. Banded dotterels mostly nest in open braided riverbeds alongside a number of endemic threatened species. We measured the fate of 753 dotterel clutches exposed to predation by cats, ferrets and hedgehogs. We found key times and places of high predation risk. Immediately after widespread reduction in rabbit populations by rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD), clutch predation rates were almost as high (mean, 50%) as those recorded during past rabbit poisoning programmes (mean, 57%). Both rates were significantly higher than the mean predation rate of 22% without rabbit control, suggesting a shift in predator diet immediately after rabbit population declines. Unlike after rabbit poisoning, clutch predation rate remained high in the years after RHD. Other patterns observed included higher clutch predation rate where nest density was lower, suggesting that predation can potentially cause local extinction. Clutch predation was also higher along riverbed margins where vegetation was dense. There was equivocal evidence for an effect of predator kill‐trapping on clutch predation rate. Management strategies that could potentially reduce clutch predation risks include focusing predator mitigation measures during periods of rabbit decline, maintaining them for more than one breeding season if the rabbit declines are widespread (e.g. RHD epidemics), and applying greater effort at sites with relatively low nest density and along riverbed margins where predator use is more frequent.
Use of VR Headsets in Education: A Systematic Review Study

Son yillarda sanal gerceklik teknolojilerinin kullaniminin onemli derecede arttigi gorulmektedir. Ozellikle sanal gerceklik gozluklerinin, sanal gerceklik ve arttirilmis gerceklik uygulamalari icin onemli cihazlar haline geldigi soylenebilir. Bu gelismelerin bir sonucu olarak arastirmacilar, sanal gerceklik gozluklerini cok farkli alanlarda arastirmaya baslamislardir. Bu baglamda bu arastirmanin amaci, Scopus veritabaninda yer alan, 2014 ile 2019 yillari arasinda yayinlanan ve sanal gerceklik gozluklerinin egitimde kullanimi ile ilgili olan makalelerin icerik analizini gerceklestirmektir. Toplam 49 makaleye ulasilmis ve bu makaleler; konu alanlari, arastirma yontemleri, en cok atif alan makaleler, veri toplama araclari, katilimcilar ve degiskenler bakimindan incelenmistir. Bu konu ile ilgili alanyazinda daha once yapilan bir sistematik derleme calismasi olmadigi icin, bu calismanin onemli oldugu dusunulmektedir. Sonuc olarak egitimde sanal gerceklik gozluklerinin kullanimi ile ilgili calismalarin yillara gore bir artis gosterdigi gorulmektedir. Ayrica, arastirma yontemi olarak nicel yontemlerin, katilimci olarak lisans ogrencilerinin ve veri toplama araci olarak ise ontest-sontest olme aracinin makalelerde en cok tercih edildigi ortaya cikmistir. Bununla birlikte kullanilabilirlik ve deneyim, en cok arastirilan bagimli degiskenler olmuslardir.
Is a Flipped Classroom in a High School Geometry Class Effective

This action research study investigated the effects of the flipped classroom on a high school geometry class in a rural setting. Thirty-nine high school students ranging from ninth to the eleventh grade participated in the study. These students were already divided into three separate classes. Two of the geometry classes became the experimental group and received a new flipped model of teaching. The control group was one geometry class and was given the same lecture style of teaching that the teacher had used for the past three years. Students were given a preand post-test to determine if after receiving the flipped style of teaching they retained more material than the traditional lecture style. The results of the study showed that there was no significant difference in test scores.
Exploring Urban Spatial Features of COVID-19 Transmission in Wuhan Based on Social Media Data

During the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, there was a short run of medical resources, and Sina Weibo, a social media platform in China, built a channel for novel coronavirus pneumonia patients to seek help. Based on the geo-tagging Sina Weibo data from February 3rd to 12th, 2020, this paper analyzes the spatiotemporal distribution of COVID-19 cases in the main urban area of Wuhan and explores the urban spatial features of COVID-19 transmission in Wuhan. The results show that the elderly population accounts for more than half of the total number of Weibo help seekers, and a close correlation between them has also been found in terms of spatial distribution features, which confirms that the elderly population is the group of high-risk and high-prevalence in the COVID-19 outbreak, needing more attention of public health and epidemic prevention policies. On the other hand, the early transmission of COVID-19 in Wuhan could be divide into three phrases: Scattered infection, community spread, and full-scale outbreak. This paper can help to understand the spatial transmission of COVID-19 in Wuhan, so as to propose an effective public health preventive strategy for urban space optimization.