Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electron correlation effects in enhanced-ionization of molecules:A time-dependent generalized-active-space configuration-interaction study

We numerically study models of $\mathrm{H}_2$ and $\mathrm{LiH}$ molecules, aligned collinearly with the linear polarization of the external field, to elucidate the possible role of correlation in the enhanced-ionization phenomena. Correlation is considered at different levels of approximation with the time-dependent generalized-active-space configuration-interaction method. The results of our studies show that enhanced ionization occurs in multielectron molecules, that correlation is important and they also demonstrate significant deviations between the results of the single-active-electron approximation and more accurate configuration-interaction methods. With the inclusion of correlation we show strong carrier-envelope-phase effects in the enhanced ionization of the asymmetric heteronuclear $\mathrm{LiH}$-like molecule. The correlated calculation shows an intriguing feature of cross-over in enhanced ionization with two carrier-envelope-phases at critical inter-nuclear separation.
Classification of digital affine noncommutative geometries

It is known that connected translation invariant n-dimensional noncommutative differentials dxi on the algebra k[x1, …, xn] of polynomials in n-variables over a field k are classified by commutative algebras V on the vector space spanned by the coordinates. These data also apply to construct differentials on the Heisenberg algebra “spacetime” with relations [xμ, xν] = λΘμν, where Θ is an antisymmetric matrix, as well as to Lie algebras with pre-Lie algebra structures. We specialise the general theory to the field k=F2 of two elements, in which case translation invariant metrics (i.e., with constant coefficients) are equivalent to making V a Frobenius algebra. We classify all of these and their quantum Levi-Civita bimodule connections for n = 2, 3, with partial results for n = 4. For n = 2, we find 3 inequivalent differential structures admitting 1, 2, and 3 invariant metrics, respectively. For n = 3, we find 6 differential structures admitting 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 invariant metrics, respectively. We give some examples for n = 4 and general n. Surprisingly, not all our geometries for n ≥ 2 have zero quantum Riemann curvature. Quantum gravity is normally seen as a weighted “sum” over all possible metrics but our results are a step towards a deeper approach in which we must also “sum” over differential structures. Over F2 we construct some of our algebras and associated structures by digital gates, opening up the possibility of “digital geometry. ”It is known that connected translation invariant n-dimensional noncommutative differentials dxi on the algebra k[x1, …, xn] of polynomials in n-variables over a field k are classified by commutative algebras V on the vector space spanned by the coordinates. These data also apply to construct differentials on the Heisenberg algebra “spacetime” with relations [xμ, xν] = λΘμν, where Θ is an antisymmetric matrix, as well as to Lie algebras with pre-Lie algebra structures. We specialise the general theory to the field k=F2 of two elements, in which case translation invariant metrics (i.e., with constant coefficients) are equivalent to making V a Frobenius algebra. We classify all of these and their quantum Levi-Civita bimodule connections for n = 2, 3, with partial results for n = 4. For n = 2, we find 3 inequivalent differential structures admitting 1, 2, and 3 invariant metrics, respectively. For n = 3, we find 6 differential structures admitting 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 invariant metrics, respectively. We give some.
Profiles in Teachers' Value-Based Tensions in Senior Secondary Vocational Education and Training

Context: With an increase in cultural diversity in many countries, schools and teacher educators are grappling with the question of what this diversity might bring in vocational education, and how teachers can be prepared to work with this diversity. In order to train and empower teachers who experience tensions because of culturally diverse student populations, it is useful to know whether teachers do have different needs to work with this diversity. This study reports on profiles in teachers' experience of value-based tensions (professional ethics and stance, diversity and communality, respect, personal autonomy, and justice) teaching in culturally diverse classes of Senior Secondary Vocational Education and Training (SSVET). Methods: This study relied on data from a questionnaire completed by 891 teachers from 20 culturally diverse SSVET schools in the Netherlands. A Hierarchical Cluster Analysis was performed to identify subgroups of teachers that have a similar pattern of responses (profiles) with regard to the different value-based tensions they experienced. Subsequently, the association of the distinguished profiles with the competence elements (knowledge, skills and attitudes) was examined with ANOVA. Lastly, the P-value of the Pearson Chi-Square was examined through cross-tabulation analysis to determine whether the associations between the distinguished profiles and personal and contextual characteristics were statistically significant. Findings: Hierarchical cluster analysis identified three profiles suggesting that teachers experienced all tensions more or less to a certain degree: Relaxed, rarely tense, or reasonably tense. "Professional ethics and stance" tension was the most frequently experienced value-based tension in all three profiles. The profiles were related to teachers background characteristics. The teachers with a reasonably tense profile work mainly in the lower levels of the SSVET. These teachers reported to have had more training on the topic of multicultural education. Teachers with relaxed profile reported having fewer skills than teachers with medium and reasonably tense profiles. Conclusion: The current study suggests that the culturally diverse student population creates tensions for teachers in SSVET and - depending on the type of profile - for some teachers more than others. The most frequently experienced tension on professional ethics and stance in all profiles confirms that all teachers experience conflicts with regard to their own norms, values and convictions and those of their students on the one hand, and the standards of the labor market with its own specific requirements for professional ethics and stance as a third party on the other. For teacher educators, the profiles can be useful as a reflection tool during study and professional development, as different groups of teachers have been distinguished and some groups need extra training in all the tensions. In SSVET, teachers with the different profiles could support each other in the process of coping with the value-based tensions.
Entanglement entropy in excited states of the quantum Lifshitz model

We investigate the entanglement properties of an infinite class of excited states in the quantum Lifshitz model (QLM). The presence of a conformal quantum critical point in the QLM makes it unusually tractable for a model above one spatial dimension, enabling the ground state entanglement entropy for an arbitrary domain to be expressed in terms of geometrical and topological quantities. Here we extend this result to excited states and find that the entanglement can be naturally written in terms of quantities which we dub ‘entanglement propagator amplitudes’ (EPAs). EPAs are geometrical probabilities that we explicitly calculate and interpret. A comparison of lattice and continuum results demonstrates that EPAs are universal. This work shows that the QLM is an example of a 2 + 1d field theory where the universal behavior of excited-state entanglement may be computed analytically.
A Linear-Quadratic Optimal Control Problem for Mean-Field Stochastic Differential Equations in Infinite Horizon

A linear-quadratic (LQ, for short) optimal control problem is considered for mean-field stochastic differential equations with constant coefficients in an infinite horizon. The stabilizability of the control system is studied followed by the discussion of the well-posedness of the LQ problem. The optimal control can be expressed as a linear state feedback involving the state and its mean, through the solutions of two algebraic Riccati equations. The solvability of such kind of Riccati equations is investigated by means of semi-definite programming method.
Lefschetz properties for Artinian Gorenstein algebras presented by quadrics

We introduce a family of standard bigraded binomial Artinian Gorenstein algebras, whose combinatoric structure characterizes the ones presented by quadrics. These algebras provide, for all socle degree grater than two and in sufficiently large codimension with respect to the socle degree, counter-examples to Migliore-Nagel conjectures, see \cite{MN1} and \cite{MN2}. One of them predicted that Artinian Gorenstein algebras presented by quadratics should satisfy the weak Lefschetz property. We also prove a generalization of a Hessian criterion for the Lefschetz properties given by Watanabe, see \cite{Wa1} and \cite{MW}, which is our main tool to control the Weak Lefschetz property.
Constructivism and the student-centered entrepreneurship classroom: Learning avenues and challenges for US college students

Constructivism holds that learners construct knowledge when they make sense of the world. It provides the basis for the movement from teacher-centered towards student-centered learning in entrepreneurship, which is accelerating. Yet, research into using constructivism in the entrepreneurship classroom of community colleges in the USA is seriously lacking. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring the learning avenues and challenges that college students face in the student-centered entrepreneurship classroom. Evidence indicates that participants embrace the student-centered classroom by connecting with instructors and peers, engaging in real-life application activities, taking responsibility for learning and adopting a reflective practice. However, data show that students also face challenges. They lack basic knowledge in certain areas, and need more extensive support and learning technology systems. The study proposes a path to position students as co-designers of the classroom while mitigating challenges. Implications for entrepreneurship education and future directions are discussed.
Fluctuation bounds for ergodic averages of amenable groups

We study fluctuations of ergodic averages generated by actions of amenable groups. In the setting of an abstract ergodic theorem for locally compact second countable amenable groups acting on uniformly convex Banach spaces, we deduce a highly uniform bound on the number of fluctuations of the ergodic average for a class of Følner sequences satisfying an analogue of Lindenstrauss's temperedness condition. Equivalently, we deduce a uniform bound on the number of fluctuations over long distances for arbitrary Følner sequences. As a corollary, these results imply associated bounds for a continuous action of an amenable group on a σ ‐finite Lp space with p∈(1,∞) .
LTCM Redux? Hedge Fund Treasury Trading and Funding Fragility*

During the March 2020 U.S. Treasury (UST) market turmoil, the average UST trading hedge fund saw significant losses and reductions in portfolio exposures, but bilateral repo lending relationships proved resilient sources of funding. Analyzing fund-creditor borrowing data reveals that more regulated dealers provided and more important clients received disproportionately more funding. Reduced hedge fund UST liquidity provision was related to fund-specific internal risk limits and expected future redemptions, rather than creditor regulatory constraints. Despite low contemporaneous outflows, hedge funds boosted cash and reduced portfolio size and illiquidity, suggesting precautionary liquidity management motives for reduced arbitrage activity. JEL classification: G11, G23, G24, G01.
Exact Pathwise and Mean--Square Asymptotic Behaviour of Stochastic Affine Volterra and Functional Differential Equations

The almost sure rate of exponential-polynomial growth or decay of affine stochastic Volterra and affine stochastic finite-delay equations is investigated. These results are achieved under suitable smallness conditions on the intensities of the deterministic and stochastic perturbations diffusion, given that the asymptotic behaviour of the underlying deterministic resolvent is determined by the zeros of its characteristic equation. The results rely heavily upon a stochastic variant of the admissibility theory for linear Volterra operators.
Poor Antibody Response to BioNTech/Pfizer Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2–Naive Residents of Nursing Homes

Background. Residents of nursing homes (NHs) are at high risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–related disease and death and may respond poorly to vaccination because of old age and frequent comorbid conditions. Methods. Seventy-eight residents and 106 staff members, naive to infection or previously infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), were recruited in NHs in Belgium before immunization with 2 doses of 30 µg BNT162b2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine at days 0 and 21. Binding antibodies (Abs) to SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD), spike domains S1 and S2, RBD Ab avidity, and neutralizing Abs against SARS-CoV-2 wild type and B.1. 351 were assessed at days 0, 21, 28, and 49. Results. SARS-CoV-2–naive residents had lower Ab responses to BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination than naive staff. These poor responses involved lower levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) G to all spike domains, lower avidity of RBD IgG, and lower levels of Abs neutralizing the vaccine strain. No naive residents had detectable neutralizing Abs to the B.1. 351 variant. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2– infected residents had high responses to mRNA vaccination, with Ab levels comparable to those in infected staff. Cluster analysis revealed that poor vaccine responders included not only naive residents but also naive staff, emphasizing the heterogeneity of responses to mRNA vaccination in the general population. Conclusions. The poor Ab responses to mRNA vaccination observed in infection-naive NH residents and in some naive staff members suggest suboptimal protection against breakthrough infection, with variants of concern. These data support the of a third dose of mRNA vaccine further improve protection of NH residents against COVID-19. The dynamic range for each antigen measurement was defined using serial dilutions of positive serum samples. Only antigen measurements within the dynamic range were considered and multiplied by the dilution factor. Results are reported as binding Ab units per milliliter. Receiver operating characteristic analyses using an independent population for validation generated cutoff concentrations of 15, 20, and 20 binding Ab units/mL for RBD, S1, and S2 Abs, respectively (Supplementary Methods). Assay performance data and comparisons with commer-cially available immunoassays are presented in Supplementary Methods. umap for di-mensionality reduction of the following outcomes at day 49: anti-RBD/S1/S2 IgG, anti-RBD IgG avidity, and WT 50% neutralization titer. To achieve normality, avidity was log 10 -transformed, and neutralization log 2 -transformed. The optimal number of clusters was tested using the k-means method (range, 1-10) and visually identified with an “elbow” in a plot of vari-ance versus number of clusters. Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN; dbscan package) was used to identify clusters within the UMAP reduced dimensions.
Rising hazard of storm surge is consistent with sea level trend and caused by intensification and widening of tropical cyclone in Japan

Variability in storminess, storm surge, and mean sea level (MSL) can substantially alter coastal hazards associated with extreme sea levels (ESL). However, detection and attribution of past changes in tropical cyclone (TC) and related storm surge activity are hampered by inhomogeneous TC records due to changes in observational capabilities. Here we investigate spatiotemporal changes in storm surge levels in Japan from 1980–2019, a period when observational platforms including tide gauges and storm records are highly consistent. The analyses illustrate statistical evidence of increasing surge annual maxima in several places including the bay area of Tokyo since 1980 and this rate of change is comparable to those observed for MSL rise over the same period. These findings contrast the current hypothesis on the flood adaptation plan in which future surge extremes will remain the same. We demonstrate that the change in surge annual maxima reflects the combined effect of a consistent northeastward shifting of TC landfall location, intensifying and widening of TC. The substantial influence of these TC meteorological variables on surge levels coupled with MSL rise over long periods suggests that current coastal planning practices including critical heights for flood defenses, might be inadequate in the future. Studies have shown that the ratio of intense TC is expected to increase in the future from present-day values. Nevertheless, current coastal planning practices assume that the statistics of future surge levels will remain the same as those under the current climate. Here, we illustrate that increases in surge annual maxima and MSL rise both contributed to the overall change in ESL in Japan since 1980. Surge level change translates into a combined effect of shifting TC landfall location, increasing intensity and size of TC. The coupled effect of changing TC meteorological variables and MSL rise revealed that the current hypothesis on the flood adaptation plan would turn out to be invalid and cause coastal adaptation plans to be ineffective.
A remark on the minimal dilation of the semigroup generated by a normal UCP-map

There are known three ways to construct the minimal dilation of the discrete semigroup generated by a normal unital completely positive map on a von Neumann algebra, which are given by Arveson, Bhat-Skeide and Muhly-Solel. In this paper, we clarify the relation of the constructions by Bhat-Skeide and Muhly-Solel.
Graded simple modules and loop modules

Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for a $G$-graded simple module over a unital associative algebra, graded by an abelian group $G$, to be isomorphic to a loop module of a simple module, as well as for two such loop modules to be isomorphic to each other. Under some restrictions, these loop modules are completely reducible (as ungraded modules), and some of their invariants --- inertia group, graded Brauer invariant and Schur index --- which were previously defined for simple modules over graded finite-dimensional semisimple Lie algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, are now considered in a more general and natural setting.
On the density of rational points on rational elliptic surfaces

Let $\mathscr{E}\rightarrow\mathbb{P}^1_\mathbb{Q}$ be a non-trivial rational elliptic surface over $\mathbb{Q}$ with base $\mathbb{P}^1_\mathbb{Q}$ (with a section). We conjecture that any non-trivial elliptic surface has a Zariski-dense set of $\mathbb{Q}$-rational points. In this paper we work on solving the conjecture in case $\mathscr{E}$ is rational by means of geometric and analytic methods. First, we show that for $\mathscr{E}$ rational, the set $\mathscr{E}(\mathbb{Q})$ is Zariski-dense when $\mathscr{E}$ is isotrivial with non-zero $j$-invariant and when $\mathscr{E}$ is non-isotrivial with a fiber of type $II^*$, $III^*$, $IV^*$ or $I^*_m$ ($m\geq0$). We also use the parity conjecture to prove analytically the density on a certain family of isotrivial rational elliptic surfaces with $j=0$, and specify cases for which neither of our methods leads to the proof of our conjecture.
Characterization of myocardial mechanics and its prognostic significance in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing aortic valve replacement

Abstract Aims Aortic stenosis (AS) induces characteristic changes in left ventricular (LV) mechanics that can be reversed after aortic valve replacement (AVR). We aimed to comprehensively characterize LV mechanics before and after AVR in patients with severe AS and identify predictors of short-term functional recovery and long-term survival. Methods and results We prospectively performed comprehensive strain analysis by 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography in 88 patients with severe AS and LV ejection fraction ≥50% (mean age 71 ± 12 years, 42% female) prior to and within 7 days after AVR. Patients were followed for up to 5.2 years until death from any cause or last encounter. Within days after AVR, we observed an absolute increase in global longitudinal strain (GLS) (−16.0 ± 2.0% vs. −18.5 ± 2.1%, P<0.0001) and a decrease in apical rotation (10.5 ± 4.0° vs. 8.3 ± 2.8°, P = 0.0002) and peak systolic twist (18.2 ± 5.0° vs. 15.5 ± 3.8°, P = 0.0008). A baseline GLS is less negative than −16.2% was 90% sensitive and 67% specific in predicting a ≥ 20% relative increase in GLS. During a median follow-up of 3.8 years, a global circumferential systolic strain rate (GCSRs) less negative than −1.9% independently predicted lower survival. Conclusion In patients with severe AS, a reversal in GLS, apical rotation, and peak systolic twist abnormalities towards normal occurs within days of AVR. Baseline GLS is the strongest predictor of GLS recovery but neither was associated with long-term survival. In contrast, abnormal baseline GCSRs are associated with worse outcomes.
Ultrasonically Enhanced ZD2767P–Carboxypeptidase G2 Deactivates Cisplatin-Resistant Human Lung Cancer Cells

The prodrug–enzyme regimen ZD2767P+CPG2 is limited by low efficacy. Here, ultrasound was used to modulate ZD2767P+CPG2 (i.e., ZD2767P+CPG2+US) against cisplatin-resistant human lung cancer cells. A549 and A549/DDP (resistant subline) cells received ZD2767P+CPG2 or ZD2767P+CPG2+US. Either ZD2767P+CPG2 or ZD2767P+CPG2+US led to cell death and apoptosis, and ZD2767P+CPG2+US produced stronger effects; comet assays revealed that these two means directly caused DNA double-strand break. Z-VAD-fmk and/or ferrostatin-1 increased the cell survival percentage, and Z-VAD-fmk decreased the apoptosis percentage. The level of transferrin was increased in treated cells, but those of ferroportin and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) were reduced, with higher intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and of iron. Intracellular pharmacokinetics of ZD2767D (activated drug) indicated that the peak level, area under the drug level vs. time curve, and mean residence time in ZD2767P+CPG2+US were higher than those in ZD2767P+CPG2. Both ZD2767P+CPG2 and ZD2767P+CPG2+US were effective on xenograft tumors in nude mice; inhibitory rates were 39.7% and 63.5% in A549 tumors and 50.0% and 70.1% in A549/DDP tumors, respectively. A higher apoptosis level and a lower GPX4 level were noted in tumors receiving treatments. No severe adverse events were observed. These data demonstrated that ZD2767P+CPG2+US deactivated cancer cells via apoptosis and ferroptosis pathways, being a candidate therapy for cisplatin-resistant lung cancer.