Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Joint Decision Making of Replenishment, Pricing, and Fresh Keeping Input in Fruit and Vegetable Cold Chain: Based on Markov Process

Markov dynamic programming was used to analyze the effect of quality loss on the profit of the cold chain when the retailer’s demand was affected by random factors and the product can be put into appearance fresh-keeping, taking the retailer in the fruit and vegetable cold chain as the research object and aiming at maximizing the retailer’s profit in the unlimited sales period. It was found that the model can control the system profit fluctuation within the expected range by adjusting the relevant strategies when the initial inventory was fluctuated by random demand factors. The optimal strategies of replenishment, pricing, and preservation investment are closely related to the initial inventory. Sensitivity analysis shows that the optimal strategy and profit fluctuation range are closely related to the quality characteristics of quality loss and quantity loss. When the quality loss increases, retailers should reduce the amount of a single replenishment, invest in appearance preservation ahead of time, and raise prices. When the quantity loss increases, the retailer should reduce the quantity of a single replenishment.
Differences in Kernel Shape, Size, and Density between Healthy Kernels and Mold Discolored Kernels and their Relationship to Reduction in Aflatoxin Levels in a Sample of Shelled Corn

Abstract. Unacceptably high levels of aflatoxin in shelled corn drastically reduce its market value and result in substantial economic losses. This study looked at the reduction in aflatoxin levels that could be achieved by removal of kernels discolored by mold and presumed to contain aflatoxin. The study related kernel physical characteristics to the reduction achieved using screening and density separation techniques which are currently in use in the grain industry. Physical properties of corn kernels discolored by mold and healthy corn kernels were determined in a sample taken from a 737 kg corn lot known to have relatively high levels of aflatoxin. Properties measured included kernel diameters, sphericity, and kernel density. Differences between discolored and healthy kernels in major diameter, minor diameter, sphericity, and density were statistically significant. Tests were also conducted at a commercial inbred seed corn processing facility using a screen cleaner and a gravity table. Removal of fine material (approximately 10% by weight) reduced aflatoxin levels by 84%. In two successive passes through a screen cleaner, removal of smaller kernels and kernel pieces with a round-hole sieve further reduced aflatoxin levels by 1.8% and 9.4%, respectively. After the smaller kernels and kernel pieces were added back to the lot, two successive passes through a gravity table reduced aflatoxin levels by 12.6% and 16.4%, respectively. Kernel density distributions of a sample taken before gravity table density sorting, and of samples of the higher and lower density fractions after sorting, were also determined. The effect of screening with a slotted sieve was studied by screening a 3 kg sample from the corn lot using a table top Clipper cleaner. This 3 kg sample had been previously screened to remove fines. The results indicate that, at least for some corn lots, aflatoxin levels can be reduced using a screen cleaner and a gravity table. The authors also concluded that insight into the effectiveness of aflatoxin reduction in corn by size and density sorting could be gained by conducting a size and density analysis on a representative sample of kernels taken from the corn being sorted.
High-Frequency Ultrasound Imaging of the Auditory System

xiv List of Abbreviations and Symbols Used . xv Acknowledgements . xxi Chapter
rapid communication Anchoring protein is required for cAMP-dependent stimulation of L-type Ca 2 1 channels in rabbit portal vein

Anchoring protein is required for cAMP-dependent stimulation of L-type Ca 2 1 channels in rabbit portal vein. Am. J. Physiol. 277 ( Cell Physiol. 46): C840–C844, 1999. — Stimulation of cardiac L-type Ca 2 1 channels by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) requires anchoring of PKAto a speciﬁc subcellular environment by A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAP). This study evaluated the possible requirement of AKAP in PKA-dependent regulation of L-type Ca 2 1 channels in vascular smooth muscle cells using the conventional whole cell patch-clamp technique. Peak Ba 2 1 current in freshly isolated rabbit portal vein myocytes was signiﬁcantly increased by superfusion with either 0.5 µM isoproterenol (131 6 3% of the control value, n 5 11) or 10 µM 8-bromoad-enosine 3 8 ,5 8 -cyclic monophosphate (8-BrcAMP; 114 6 1%, n 5 8). The PKA-induced stimulatory effects of both isoproterenol and 8-BrcAMP were completely abolished by a speciﬁc PKA inhibitor KT-5720 (0.2 µM) or by dialyzing cells with Ht 31 (100 µM), a peptide that inhibits the binding of PKA to AKAP. In contrast, Ht 31 did not block the excitatory effect of the catalytic subunit of PKA when dialyzed into the cells. These data suggest that stimulation of Ca 2 1 channels in vascular myocytes by endogenous PKA requires localization of PKA through binding to AKAP.
COMMON FIXED POINTS FOR SINGLE-VALUED AND MULTI-VALUED MAPPINGS IN COMPLETE R -TREES

The aim of this paper is to prove some strong convergence theorems for the modiﬁed Ishikawa iteration process involving a pair of a generalized asymptotically nonexpansive single-valued mapping and a quasi-nonexpansive multi-valued mapping in the framework of R -trees under the gate condition.
Intergenic Transcription in the Human (cid:2) -Globin Gene Cluster

Our previous studies on nascent transcription across the human (cid:1) -globin gene cluster revealed the presence of intergenic transcripts in addition to the expected genic transcripts. We now show that transcription into the (cid:1) -globin locus control region (LCR) begins within an ERV9 endogenous retroviral long terminal repeat upstream of DNase I hypersensitive site 5. However, in a transgenic mouse, which has the human (cid:1) -globin LCR but lacks the ERV9 LTR, transcription begins upstream of the transgenic locus. We postulate that in this transgenic mouse nearby endogenous mouse promoters are activated by the LCR. Intergenic transcription is also detected across the whole transgenic globin gene locus independently of the stage of erythroid develop- ment. Intergenic transcription in the (cid:1) -globin cluster is erythroid speciﬁc; however, it can be induced in nonerythroid cells by several means: by transinduction with a plasmid transcribing part of the cluster, by exogenous addition of transcription factors, and by treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A. The human (cid:2) -globin cluster, which extends over 70 kb of chromosome 11, contains the ﬁve (cid:2) -globin genes ( (cid:3) , G (cid:4) , A (cid:4) , (cid:5) , and
Metabolism of Tetrahydrohomofolate (NSC 89473) in Mice1

SUMMARY The study has shown that tetrahydrohomofolate (H4HF)- 3H appears to be metabolized in mice. A large amount of the drug-derived radioactivity (60%) could not be accounted for in feces and urine during an 8-day period. This suggested that some of the metabolites and/or decomposition prod ucts might have been reutilized and/or retained by the body. A significant amount (24 to 95% of the radioactivity was present as Bratton-Marshall reagent-negative material in all the organs, particularly in the brain and spleen. Since some cofactor forms of H4HF are negative to Bratton-Marshall reagent, the formation of Bratton-Marshall reagent-nega tive material from H4HF may be indicative of activation of H4HF, possibly by the tetrahydrofolate-activating enzymes. H4HF-treated which
De ﬁ ning social value in the UK construction industry

This paper evaluates the rationale behind the UK Public Services (Social Value) Act to postulate a de ﬁ nition of ‘ social value ’ and its application to construction and enable authorities to implement it. A comprehensive literature review has been undertaken and publications on existing methods of measurement have been reviewed and discussed to provide a comprehensive summary. The literature review revealed that communities could bene ﬁ t from a series of direct and indirect impacts on individual people as well as the social ef ﬁ cacy of the whole community as a result of implementing the Act. The intention of the Act is to provide additional social bene ﬁ ts that provide added value, not in the monetary sense of the word but as a broader impact to the local area. However, these types of contract conditions bene ﬁ t local contractors, which con ﬂ icts with the EU ’ s single market legislation. comprehensive literature review was conducted. A thorough review of existing methods of measuring social value was conducted, again, in the context of the construction industry.
Tangential Cauchy-Riemann equations on quadratic CR manifolds

— We study the tangential Cauchy-Riemann equations @bu = ω for (0; q)-forms on quadratic CR manifolds. We discuss solvability for data ω in the Schwartz class and describe the range of the tangential Cauchy-Riemann operator in terms of the signatures of the scalar components of the Levi form.
A STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS AND FINANCIAL LOSE OF CATTLE, SHEEP AND GOATS FASCIOLOSIS SLAUGHTERED AT ELFORA

The study was designed with the aims of determining the prevalence and risk factors of Fasciolosis in cattle, sheep and goats slaughtered from December 2014 to March 2015 at ELFORA Ethiopian Livestock and Meat Export industrialized abattoir in Debrezeit town, Ethiopia. 838 animals comprising of cattle (343), sheep (283) and goats (212) were subjected to routine post mortem examination for Fasciolosis. The overall prevalence of Fasciolosis in the study was 21.8%. The prevalence of Fasciolosis in young cattle, sheep and goats were 22.6%, 13% and 6.8% respectively and in adult cattle, sheep and goats were 38.3%, 26.9% and 12.8% respectively. Significantly higher (p<0.05) prevalence of Fasciolosis was seen in adult cattle, sheep and goats when compared to young ones. The prevalence of Fasciolosis was variable in different body condition scores and significantly higher (p<0.05) prevalence of Fasciolosis was observed in poor body condition cattle, sheep and goats. The high level of Fasciolosis in Ruminants in the present study represents high rate of infestation and immense economic losses to the country, Ethiopia. In this study, the total economic losses due to condemnation of infested livers and weight from the study species were estimated to be 17,239,862ETB/861,993.1USD. In line with this finding, it is recommended that farmers who rear cattle, sheep and goats should improve provision of feeds to their animals; be able to regularly treat their animals with the appropriate anthelementics and awareness should be created on the prevention and control methods of Fasciolosis.
PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITIC INFECTIONS AMONG UNDER FIVE CHILDREN IN ABAKALIKI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EBONYI STATE.

The range of infections caused by intestinal parasites constitutes a major health problem among children in developing countries such as Nigeria. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among under five children in Abakaliki Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. Stool samples were collected from 553 children comprising of 282 males and 271 females attending some selected health centres in the local government area and analyzed using standard parasitological techniques. Out of the 553 children sampled, 76 were infected with intestinal parasites giving the overall prevalence of 13.7%. Among this number, 37 were males while 39 were females. Prevalence of intestinal parasites was higher in females (n=39/271; 14.4%) than in males (n=37/282; 13.5%). This difference in the rate of infection with respect to sex was not significant, statistically (ᵡ 2 = 0.1882; p = 0.664). The range of parasites seen included tapeworm (5.3%), Ascaris lumbricoides (7.9%) , Strongyloides stercoralis (7.9%) , hookworm (19.7%), Giardia lamblia (19.7%) and Entamoeba histolytica (39.5%) in their other of occurrence. Based on the health centres, highest prevalence was recorded in Enyida Health Centre I (18.6%) followed by Akpe-Amachi Health Centre (17.3%) and Okpitumo Health Centre (14.5%), while Maternal and Child Health recorded least (7.2%). There was no significance difference in prevalence of intestinal parasites with respect to health centres ((ᵡ 2 = 8.0797; p = 0.88701) as well as distribution of the individual parasites across the different health centres (F-ratio = 0.25327; P = 0.90492). Intestinal parasites were prevalent among under five children in Abakaliki Local Government Area and this depicts the possible state of under five children in other rural communities in Ebonyi State, given that such level of prevalence was observed in the capital city of Ebonyi State.
Earning Quality and Growth of Listed Firms in Nigeria

This paper investigated the effect of Earnings Quality (EQ) on the growth of manufacturing firms in Nigeria during the period 1996-2006 using an ex-post facto research design. We determined the earnings quality and growth of 26 listed firms in Nigeria. Our findings revealed that the quality of earnings had significant effect on Turnover Growth (TUG). However, earnings quality proxies had mixed effects because Earnings Predictability (EPRE) had a significant negative effect. The Value Relevance (VALR) and Accounting Conservatism (CONS) had a significant positive effect, while Accrual Quality (AQUA) had an insignificant negative effect on Turnover growth of firms. The study concludes that Earnings quality is useful in determining the growth of firms.
Effects of Tubtim Chum Phae Rice Bran Hydrolysates on Blood Pressure and Oxidative Stress in L-NAME-induced Hypertensive Rats ผลของไฮโดรไลเสทร ำข้ำวทับทิมชุมแพต่อควำมดันเลือดและภำวะเครียด

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Tubtim Chum Phae rice bran hydrolysates (TCRH) against hypertension, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in nitric oxide (NO)-deficient hypertensive rats. Hypertension was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by administrating N ω -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of NO synthase at dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. /day in drinking water for 3 weeks. Animals were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control+deionized water (DI), normal control+TCRH 500 mg/kg , L-NAME+DI, L-NAME+TCRH 250 mg/kg, and L-NAME+TCRH 500 mg/kg, respectively. Results showed that TCRH in a dose-dependent manner significantly reduced blood pressure, decreased vascular resistance, alleviated oxidative stress, and improved vasorelaxation to acetylcholine in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats ( P <0.05). These data suggest the TCRH might be used for the prevention and /or treatment of hypertension. In the present study, we found the disruption of NO generation initiated by L-NAME. Rats L-NAME showed a significant increase in blood pressure and oxidative stress, and impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation.
Low gap amorphous GaN1−xAsx alloys grown on glass substrate

Amorphous GaN1−xAsx layers with As content in the range of x=0.1 to 0.6 were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Pyrex glass substrate. These alloys exhibit a wide range of band gap values from 2.2 to 1.3 eV. We found that the density of the amorphous films is ∼0.8–0.85 of their corresponding crystalline value. These amorphous films have smooth morphology, homogeneous composition, and sharp well defined optical absorption edges. The measured band gap values for the crystalline and amorphous GaN1−xAsx alloys are in excellent agreement with the predictions of the band anticrossing model. The high absorption coefficient of ∼105 cm−1 for the amorphous GaN1−xAsx films suggests that relatively thin films (on the order of 1 μm) are necessary for photovoltaic application.
DDDT_A_244059 2079..2090

Xiaolei Xu* Xudan Liu* Yingchun Yang Jianyi He 1 Mengqi Jiang Yue Huang Xiaotong Liu Li Liu Hailun Gu 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
Short-term Changes in Quality of Life among Women Who had Hysterectomy for Benign Indications at Young Age: A preliminary study

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the quality of life scores between younger (≤ 45 years old) and older women (≥ 46 years old) who underwent hysterectomy for benign indications. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed at a tertiary hospital over a 12-week period. Younger and older women who underwent elective hysterectomy for benign indications were selected as study and control groups, respectively. Quality of life was measured using the Malay version of the World Health Organisation Quality of Life Assessment-BREF questionnaire. The difference in quality of life scores from pre-surgery to 12 weeks post-hysterectomy between the two age groups were measured using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). results: A total of 18 women were enrolled in the study group and 45 in the control group. Except for the environment domain among control group, all other domains showed an improvement in quality of life scores. However, the group–time interaction of the repeated-measures ANOVA showed no difference in quality of life score changes of all domains between younger and older women following hysterectomy. Conclusion: In this preliminary study, younger women demonstrated comparable quality of life scores at 12 weeks after hysterectomy in comparison with older women. The results of this study may assist the gynaecologist and patient during pre-surgery counselling
Unresolved direction of host transfer of Plasmodium vivax v. P. simium and P. malariae Infection, Genetics and Evolution

The evolutionary history of two human malaria parasites, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium malariae , remains unresolved. The near genetic identity between human P. vivax and P. malariae , and primate P. simium and P. brasilianum , respectively, suggests that recent host transfers occurred, but questions remain, such as whether the transfer was from humans to New World monkeys or vice versa, and when the transfers occurred. Here, we investigate the phylogenies, haplotype networks, positive selection and genetic diversity among these parasite species by means of four genes. Human P. vivax and primate P. simium recently derivedonefrom the other; atleasttwohosttransfershave occurred. Human P.malariae and primate P. brasilianum also have recently derived one from the other by lateral host transfer. The direction of the host transfer cannot be decided in either one of the two pairs of species, owing to the scarcity of available strains from the primate parasites.
Omega-3 fatty acids increase the unfolded protein response and improve amyloid- b phagocytosis by macrophages of patients with mild cognitive impairment

: Macrophages (M f s) of patients with Alzheimer ’ s disease and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are defective in amyloid- b 1-42 (A b ) phagocytosis and have low resistanceto apoptosis by A b . Omega-3 fatty acids ( v -3s) in vitro and in vivo and the v -3 mediator, resolvin D1, in vitro increase A b phagocytosis by M f s of patients with MCI. We have investigated the unfolded protein response (UPR) to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by M f s in a longitudinal study of fish-derived, v -3 – supplemented patients with MCI. Patients in the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) e3/e3 subgroup over time exhibited an increase of protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) expression, A b phagocytosis, intermediate M1-M2 M f type, and a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) rate of change of +1.8 points per year, whereas patients in the ApoEe3/e4 subgroup showed individually divergent results with an MMSE rate of change of 2 3.2 points per year. In vitro treatment of M f s by fish-derived v -3 emulsion increased A b phagocytosis, PERK expression, and UPR RNA signature, and decreased ER stress signature. Augmented genes in the UPR signature included chaperones, lectins, foldases, and N-linked glycosylation enzymes. In summary,
The (cid:2) B Regulon Inﬂuences Internalization of Staphylococcus aureus by Osteoblasts

Individual strains of Staphylococcus aureus have different capacities to become internalized by osteoblasts. Here we report that the levels of (cid:1) B expressed by S . aureus correlate with the capacity of this bacterium to be internalized by osteoblasts. However, (cid:1) B is not essential for internalization and does not necessarily account for the differences in the capacities of strains to be internalized. Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen that causes a range of infections, including those of bone. S . aureus bone infections can be extremely difﬁcult to treat, requiring prolonged antibiotic treatment and surgical intervention We, and others, have shown previously that S . aureus is internalized by the bone-forming cells, osteoblasts (10, 14, 15, 19). The capacity of S . aureus to be internalized by osteoblasts the recurrent nature of, and the difﬁculty in treating, this organ-ism.We .
Minireview: Insulin-Like Growth Factors in the Peripheral Nervous System

IGF-I and -II are potent neuronal mitogens and survival fac- tors. The actions of IGF-I and -II are mediated via the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR) and IGF binding proteins regulate the bioavailability of the IGFs. Cell viability correlates with IGF-IR expression and intact IGF-I/IGF-IR signaling path- ways, including activation of MAPK/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase. The expression of IGF-I and -II, IGF-IR, and IGF bind- ing proteins are developmentally regulated in the central and peripheral nervous system. IGF-I therapy demonstrates mixed therapeutic results in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury, neuropathy, and motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this review we discuss the role of IGFs during peripheral nervous system development and the IGF signaling system as the potential therapeutic target for the treatment of nerve injury and motor neuron diseases. ( Endocrinology 149: 5963–5971, 2008)
Early childhood education in Tanzania: Views and beliefs of stakeholders on its status and development

Globally, there is consensus among education stakeholders that early childhood education sets a foundation for children’s development, learning, and future life achievements. While global perceptions of early childhood care and education (ECCE) have been broadly explored in other parts of the world, little is known about ECCE in Tanzania even though it is ideally a compulsory part of formal basic education for every child before joining grade one. This study investigated the status of early childhood education (ECE) in Tanzania by critically analyzing the views and beliefs of stakeholders on its status and development. The study recruited two policy makers, 14 ECE college principals, 34 preprimary college tutors, and three ECE academics using a homogeneous sampling technique. Employing a phenomenological research design, the study used questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions (FGD) and documentary analyses in collecting the required data. Findings revealed that while in the policy and curriculum documents ECE holds equal status with other levels of education, it holds extremely low status among education stakeholders, resulting in ill-prepared preservice ECE teachers and limited parent-school engagement. To improve the quality of ECE in Tanzania, stakeholders suggested improvements in the quality and quantity of preservice teachers, including detachment of preprimary classes from primary schools and establishment of an integrated ECCE policy, guidelines, and practices to be completed by an ECCE joint taskforce. Further, in-service training for ECE college tutors and principals is critically important, as is concentration of limited resources in few selected teachers ’ col leges.