Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Niche-Partitioning of ProchlorococcusPopulations in a Stratified Water Column in the Eastern North Atlantic Ocean

ABSTRACT The in situ community structure of Prochlorococcuspopulations in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean was examined by analysis of Prochlorococcus 16S rDNA sequences with three independent approaches: cloning and sequencing, hybridization to specific oligonucleotide probes, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The hybridization of high-light (HL) and low-light (LL) Prochlorococcus genotype-specific probes to two depth profiles of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA sequences revealed that in these two stratified water columns, an obvious niche-partitioning ofProchlorococcus genotypes occurred. In each water column a shift from the HL to the LL genotype was observed, a transition correlating with the depth of the surface mixed layer (SML). Only the HL genotype was found in the SML in each water column, whereas the LL genotype was distributed below the SML. The range of in situ irradiance to which each genotype was subjected within these distinct niches was consistent with growth irradiance studies of cultured HL- and LL-adapted Prochlorococcus strains. DGGE analysis and the sequencing of Prochlorococcus 16S rDNA clones were in full agreement with the genotype-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization data. These observations of a partitioning ofProchlorococcus genotypes in a stratified water column provide a genetic basis for the dim and brightProchlorococcus populations observed in flow cytometric signatures in several oceanic provinces.
Influence of Intercropping with Spring Cereals on the Occurrence of Pea Aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, 1776 ) and their Natural Enemies in Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Seidenglanz M. , Huňady I. , Poslusna J., Loes A. -K . (2011): Influence of intercropping with spring cereals on the occurrence of pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, 1776 ) and their natural enemies in field pea (Pisum sativum L.). Plant Protect. Sci., 47: 25–36. Occurrences of pea aphids and their natural enemies (syrphids, mummies caused by entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria sp. and by the parasitic wasp Aphidius ervi ) were compared in monocultures and mixtures of field peas and spring cereals in three seasons (2008–2010). At the beginning of colonisation, the occurrence of aphids was not substantially influenced by intercropping with cereals. However, the numbers of pea aphids located on inflorescences started to decline earlier in mixtures compared with monoculture. More syrphids (eggs + larvae) were found in mixtures than in monoculture, and more syrphid eggs were found in young aphid colonies (10 to 20 individuals) in mixtures. Intercropping did not influence the occurrence of fungal mummies ( sp.), but mixtures tended to have more aphid colonies infested by A. ervi in 2008 and 2009.
Practical Thinking on the New Tax Service in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

At present, it is in the information age. With the continuous growth of science and Internet technology, many government departments have begun to use the technology to carry out online tax administration. Some taxation agencies have used artificial intelligence technology to provide vast enterprises and individuals with tax services. Promoted by artificial intelligence technology, not only greatly improves the efficiency of tax administration, but also reduces the workload of tax personnel. Based on this, this article takes the background of artificial intelligence taxation service as the starting point, analyzes the widespread application of artificial intelligence technology in government taxation services, and hopes to help promote the reform of taxation service system and quality in China.
Cliff Swallow Breeding Range Expansion Along the Great Pee Dee River Corridor in the Carolinas

Abstract Petrochelidon pyrrhonota (Cliff Swallow) initially expanded its breeding range to the Great Pee Dee River corridor of the Carolinas in the early 1980s. In 2012, I documented approximately 1700 active nests of the Cliff Swallow at 20 colony sites in the Lower Piedmont of North Carolina and Coastal Plain of South Carolina along this river corridor. Cliff Swallows nested primarily at bridges and other water-based sites but also bred at several land-based sites, including the first colony documented at a highway overpass in the Carolinas. Compared to colony sizes in the early 1980s and mid-1990s at 3 major sites in North Carolina, numbers in 2012 were approximately 1500% and 400% higher, respectively. Before this study, Cliff Swallows nesting along the Great Pee Dee River was documented only as far as Cheraw, at the Fall Line. This study demonstrates that breeding now occurs 145 km farther south along this corridor at 6 sites, including 2 sites in the tidewater region of South Carolina. Several bridges along this corridor with favorable structural characteristics for breeding are still unoccupied. The breeding range expansion front of interior populations along and near the Great Pee Dee River has moved slowly (≈3.25 km/yr), in an apparently stepwise manner. However, the gap between expanding interior and coastal populations is confounding the pattern of range expansion in the Lower Coastal Plain of South Carolina.
Atmosphere Dependence of DC Surface Flashover Voltage of Insulators

According to the existing vacuum surface flashover theory, the flashover breakdown discharge is a plasma discharge channel formed in the thin layer of desorbed gas. Therefore, the degassing of the dielectric material in a closed environment is a key factor affecting the flashover performance. The continuous degassing of the solid material will accumulate in a closed environment, causing a low-pressure discharge phenomenon under an applied electric field. In this paper, DC surface flashover experiments of composite sample containing micro and nano-semiconductor additives are studied in different pressures to reveal the surface flashover mechanism. When the electrode spacing is 1mm and the air pressure is in the range of 10−4~10−1 Pa, the flashover voltage remains basically constant. The DC flashover voltage is rapidly reduced from 10−1 Pa and reaches a minimum around 15Pa. The flashover voltage of the micro-composite sample is approximately similar to the pure sample. The DC discharged voltage of the nano-modified sample slightly increased compared with the pure sample, and the amplitude of the flashover voltage did not change significantly in the range of 5 to 500 Pa. The experiments suggest that the reasons for the results may be as follows: Firstly, the outgassing of the solid surface has less effect on the degree of vacuum at low pressure. Secondly, when the air pressure is used as an independent variable, the influence of other factors is negligible.
Ethanol Eluted Extract of Rhus verniciflua Stokes Showed both Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects on Mouse Thymocytes Depending on the Dose and Time of the Treatment

For a long time Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) has traditionally been used as a herbal plant. It is known to contain various biological activities. Previously, a crude ethanol extract from RVS was reported to have antioxidant effects, and antiproliferative activities, on human cancer cell lines. In this report, we prepared a highly purified ethanol extract from RVS, which did not contain the urushiol derivatives, named REEE-1 (hus thanol luted xtract-1), to investigate the mechanisms of the scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals using mouse thymocytes. The results from the deoxyribose, DNA nicking, and glucose/glucose oxidase enzyme assays showed that REEE-1 contained a strong scavenging activity of oxygen free radicals, especially of hydroxyl radicals. However, interestingly, REEE-1 also showed cytotoxicity against the thymocytes, although the effect was variable, depending on the concentrations and times of treatment. The REEE-1-mediated cytotoxicity against thymocytes, which has been used as one of the well-characterized models for apoptosis studies, was verified to be apoptotic. This was proven by the following: the appearance of DNA laddering, increases in DNA fragmentation, low fluorescence intensity in the nuclei after propidium iodide staining, and positive Annexin V staining of the cells. These results suggested that REEE-1 had both antioxidative activity and cytotoxicity against the thymocytes, although the effect of the cytotoxicity was variable, depending on the dose and time of the treatment.
Schizophrenia

Theoretical conceptualizations of schizophrenia have undergone significant change in the past century. Through the application of behavioral science methodology, psychologists have played a major role in the pivotal scientific advances that have led us to contemporary models. The field has moved from simplistic conceptualizations of mind—brain distinctions to models that encompass complex gene—environment interactions and neural pathways that mediate the relation between psychosocial events and brain dysfunction.
Application of non-PEC walled mode-matching techniques to a prototype SAFARI M-band multimode receiver.

An extension of the traditional mode-matching methods to consider non-PEC boundary walls is presented. These non-PEC boundary walls consider mechanisms for loss which are generally not included in the analysis of guide structures. In particular, these losses manifest themselves more significantly in multi-moded structures, as field distributions for increasing azimuthal order modes are localised to a greater extent at the boundary walls. This lossy mode-matching method is applied to a prototype M-band horn for the proposed SAFARI system. Here we attempt reconcile the measurement data with simulation results by considering the surface impedance of the guide walls due to the finite conductivity and surface roughness from the manufacturing process.
Comparison of fungal endophyte communities in the invasive panicoid grass Hyparrhenia hirta and the native grass Bothriochloa macra

Communities of fungal endophytes from roots, stems and leaves of the introduced grass Hyparrhenia hirta (Coolatai grass) and the native species Bothriochloa macra (redgrass) were compared at two sites to identify characteristics that may be associated with invasiveness of H. hirta. The most frequently isolated fungi from both hosts were species of Nigrospora, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Phoma, Epicoccum, Fusarium and Periconia. Most of these occurred at a similar frequency in the two hosts, although Nigrospora sphaerica was much more frequently isolated from H. hirta at both sites. There was little support for the hypothesis that the introduced species (H. hirta) would have a less diverse endophyte community than the native species. There was a greater degree of dominance by the most frequent species in communities from H. hirta than from B. macra, leading to lower diversity indices, but no significant difference in species richness. Cluster analysis of the endophyte communities suggested that host had a greater influence than site on community structure, and that this was expressed mostly in the relative frequency of fungi isolated from stems and leaves, with very similar fungal communities present in the roots of both species at both sites. Analysis of co-occurrence showed no evidence that competition among fungi affected community structure within individual plants. The dominance of N. sphaerica in H. hirta was therefore due to fungus-plant interactions rather than fungus-fungus interactions. Interactions with N. sphaerica could potentially affect the population ecology of H. hirta.
Screening of Some Indian Plant Species

Seventy four Indian plant species have been screened for the presence of steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids apd saponins. This paper reports on this phytochemical survey of these plants. In view of the importance of various phytoconstituents as having therapeutic or insecticidal value and as starting materials for the synthesis of many agents of wide interest including steroidal hormones, various groups of research workers have carried out systematic phytochemical screening programs particularly of Indian medicinal plants. Their results have helped a lot for the isolation and discovery of various natural products of importance, some of which are still in use. Among the various phytochemical reports that have appeared in the literature so far, mention may be made of the work done by Badhwar et al.', Barua et al.2-4, Chakraborty et al.5 and Bhatnagar et a1.6. The Regional Research Laboratory, Jammu-Kashmir also conducted a survey on the phytochemistry of the temperate flora of Jammu region'. Recently Matis and Das et al.9-'0 have published the screening results of more than 300 plants of Indian origin. The present autors carried out phytochemical screening of 74 plant species of Indian origin for their active phytoconstituents such as sterols, terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins, following the methods of earlier workers. This report may help in the future in the isolation of new valuable plant constituents of pharmacological interest and encourage detailed chemical investigations of many plants with a view to finding compounds of wide interest. Among the 74 plants that have been screened, all of them responded to the tests for sterols and terpenes, 3 1 for alkaloids, 40 for flavonoids and 40 for saponins. About 5 g of the dried crushed plant material was extracted with 50 ml
Relationships between Controlling Interpersonal Coaching Style, Basic Psychological Need Thwarting, and Burnout, in Adolescent Soccer Players

The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationships between a controlling interpersonal style, psychological need thwarting and burnout in adolescent soccer players and to test a structural equation model to analyze whether (a) a controlling interpersonal style is a predictor of psychological need thwarting and whether (b) psychological need thwarting is a predictor of burnout. A total of 103 male soccer players between the ages of 12 and 17 participated in the research (M = 14.91; SD = 5.56). The Controlling Coach Behaviors Scale, the Psychological Need Thwarting Scale, and the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire were used to evaluate the variables under study. The analyses revealed significant relationships between a controlling interpersonal style, psychological need thwarting and burnout. Furthermore, the proposed structural equations model, using the partial least squares (PLS) method, showed that a controlling style is a positive predictor of basic psychological need thwarting and that the latter is a predictor of burnout, as well as revealing an indirect relationship between a controlling style and burnout. This indirect effect of the controlling style variable on burnout can be enhanced (or attenuated) by the basic psychological need thwarting variable, which acts as a modulator.
A Modified Self-thinning Equation to Describe Size/Density Relationships for Defoliated Swards

Abstract Use of the self-thinning rule to describe size/density compensation (SDC) in defoliated swards is examined. It is shown that defoliation related variation in leaf area and associated morphogenetic changes in plant structure necessitate slope corrections, designated C a and C r , respectively. The theory predicts that reduced leaf area in more heavily defoliated swards will result in SDC at slopes more negative than -3/2 (variable leaf area SDC), and that there will be a transition to -3/2 (constant leaf area) SDC at higher herbage mass. Empirical data from previous experiments with Lolium perenne L. and Medicago sativa L. are examined, and appear to confirm the theoretical predictions, including the slope change at the point of transition from variable to constant leaf area SDC. This transition point, designated d i , is subject to interspecific variation and is related to the mature shoot size of a particular species. Some applications of this theory are discussed, and in particular a sward productivity index is proposed.
Use of water by six grass species. 1. Dry-matter yields and response to irrigation

SUMMARY The yield and quality of herbage produced by six grasses (perennial ryegrass, cocksfoot, timothy, rough-stalked meadow grass, tall fescue and Italian ryegrass) were examined both without irrigation and under two irrigation regimes. Water was applied according to the potential soil water deficit (potential SWD): the soil was either partially returned to field capacity (FC) after each cut or fully returned to FC whenever the potential SWD reached 25 mm. The swards were cut either at 3 (C3) or 6 (C6) week intervals over a 2 year period. Partial irrigation increased yields by 12–14% in the first year and by 36–58% in the second. Full irrigation produced little more growth than partial irrigation in the first year (maximum SWD, 188 mm) but increased yield by 78–93% in the second, very dry, year (maximum SWD, 311 mm). Under treatment C3 response per unit of water applied was similar with both partial and full irrigation, but under C6 the response was greater with partial (2·86 kg D.M./m3) than with full irrigation (1·79 kg D.M./m3). There were marked differences between the species in their ability to grow under drought conditions in the second year of the experiment. Without irrigation, roughstalked meadow grass and Italian ryegrass did not survive the drought. The performance of tall fescue was markedly superior to both perennial ryegrass and cocksfoot in these conditions. Of the surviving grasses timothy made least growth.
MicroRNAs Related to Cognitive Impairment After Hearing Loss

Objectives Our research group has previously demonstrated that hearing loss might be a risk factor for synaptic loss within the hippocampus and impairment of cognition using an animal model of Alzheimer disease. In this study, after inducing hearing loss in a rat model of Alzheimer disease, the associations of various microRNAs (miRNAs) with cognitive impairment were investigated. Methods Rats were divided randomly into two experimental groups: the control group, which underwent sham surgery and subthreshold amyloid-β infusion and the deaf group, which underwent bilateral cochlear ablation and subthreshold amyloid-β infusion. All rats completed several cognitive function assessments 11 weeks after surgery, including the object-in-place task (OPT), the novel object recognition task (NOR), the object location task (OLT), and the Y-maze test. After the rats completed these tests, hippocampus tissue samples were assessed using miRNA microarrays. Candidate miRNAs were selected based on the results and then validated with quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses. Results The deaf group showed considerably lower scores on the OPT, OLT, and Y-maze test than the control group. The microarray analysis revealed that miR-29b-3p, -30e-5p, -153-3p, -376a-3p, -598-3p, -652-5p, and -873-3p were candidate miRNAs, and qRT-PCR showed significantly higher levels of miR-376a-3p and miR-598-3p in the deaf group. Conclusion These results indicate that miR-376a-3p and miR-598-3p were related to cognitive impairment after hearing loss.
Calmangafodipir Reduces Sensory Alterations and Prevents Intraepidermal Nerve Fibers Loss in a Mouse Model of Oxaliplatin Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity

Oxaliplatin (OHP) is an antineoplastic compound able to induce peripheral neurotoxicity. Oxidative stress has been suggested to be a key factor in the development of OHP-related peripheral neurotoxicity. Mangafodipir, a contrast agent possessing mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD)-mimetic activity, has been tested as a cytoprotector in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN). Calmangafodipir (PledOx®) has even better therapeutic activity. We investigated a BALB/c mouse model of OHP-related CIPN and the effects of the pre-treatment of calmangafodipir (2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg intravenously) on sensory perception, and we performed a pathological study on skin biopsies to assess intraepidermal nerve fiber (IENF) density. At the end of the treatments, OHP alone or in pre-treatment with calmangafodipir 2.5 and 10 mg/kg, induced mechanical allodynia and cold thermal hyperalgesia, but calmangafodipir 5 mg/kg prevented these effects. Accordingly, OHP alone or in pre-treatment with calmangafodipir 2.5 and 10 mg/kg, induced a significant reduction in IENF density, but calmangafodipir 5 mg/kg prevented this reduction. These results confirm a protective effect of calmangafodipir against OHP-induced small fiber neuropathy. Interestingly, these results are in agreement with previous observations suggesting a U-shaped effect of calmangafodipir, with the 10 mg/kg dose less effective than the lower doses.
REM sleep is associated with white matter integrity in cognitively healthy, older adults

There is increasing awareness that self-reported sleep abnormalities are negatively associated with brain structure and function in older adults. Less is known, however, about how objectively measured sleep associates with brain structure. We objectively measured at-home sleep to investigate how sleep architecture and sleep quality related to white matter microstructure in older adults. 43 cognitively normal, older adults underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and a sleep assessment within a six-month period. Participants completed the PSQI, a subjective measure of sleep quality, and used an at-home sleep recorder (Zeo, Inc.) to measure total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), and percent time in light sleep (LS), deep sleep (DS), and REM sleep (RS). Multiple regressions predicted fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of the corpus callosum as a function of total PSQI score, TST, SE, and percent of time spent in each sleep stage, controlling for age and sex. Greater percent time spent in RS was significantly associated with higher FA (β = 0.41, p = 0.007) and lower MD (β = -0.30, p = 0.03). Total PSQI score, TST, SE, and time spent in LS or DS were not significantly associated with FA or MD (p>0.13). Percent time spent in REM sleep, but not quantity of light and deep sleep or subjective/objective measures of sleep quality, positively predicted white matter microstructure integrity. Our results highlight an important link between REM sleep and brain health that has the potential to improve sleep interventions in the elderly.