Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Damage does not cut it-Saturated damage in FEM modelling of metal cutting breaks the simulation but not the chip

Damage models are used in metal cutting simulations to adjust the flow stress and to enable the serrated chip formation and chip breakage. The models describe the rupture strain of the material that is a function of temperature, stress, strain and strain rate. When a damage parameter in the model reaches a critical value, the flow stress of the material decreases to a predetermined fraction. Damage models show good results in predicting the cutting forces, chip thickness and serration frequency, but using them has serious disadvantages. First, damage models describe rupture strain, that is valid in metal cutting for chip breakage, but not for damage softening or chip serration, since those are based on adiabatic shear banding. Second point, shown in this paper, when material has reached the critical damage, the saturated model doesn’t perform as intended. The damage model is saturated in simulations with multiple cutting passes. The initial cut deforms the layer under the tool. The same layer is then cut during the next cutting pass. During this cut, the damage model is already saturated. The damage model issues are relevant to all machining simulations because all machining processes include the multiple cutting passes. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the FAIM 2021.
Financial Literacy

The present paper explores various approaches to the development of cognitive process dimensions in financial literacy. Applying the regression model, the study has examined the strength of the relationship between the actual financial competence of 413 Brazilian’s students aged 18-21, studying economic disciplines, and their school performance. The research has produced the following conclusions: (a) a weak dependence of actual skills on school performance; (b) inherently associated consequence of school performance is not corresponding to the actual financial skills; (c) a low level of financial competence in the dimensions - Remember, Understand and Apply.
Borsuk-Ulam type theorems for manifolds

This paper establishes a Borsuk-Ulam type theorem for PL-manifolds with a finite group action, depending on the free equivariant cobordism class of a manifold. In particular, necessary and sufficient conditions are considered for a manifold with a free involution to be a Borsuk-Ulam type.
Does place connectivity moderate the association between concentrated disadvantage and COVID-19 fatality in the United States?

Concentrated disadvantaged areas have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19 outbreak in the United States (US). Meanwhile, highly connected areas may contribute to higher human movement, leading to higher COVID-19 cases and deaths. This study examined whether place connectivity moderated the association between concentrated disadvantage and COVID-19 fatality. Using COVID-19 fatality over four time periods, we performed mixed-effect negative binomial regressions to examine the association between concentrated disadvantage, Twitter-based place connectivity, and county-level COVID-19 fatality, considering potential state-level variations. Results revealed that concentrated disadvantage was significantly associated with an increased COVID-19 fatality. More importantly, moderation analysis suggested that place connectivity significantly exacerbated the harmful effect of concentrated disadvantage on COVID-19 fatality, and this significant moderation effect increased over time. In response to COVID-19 and other future infectious disease outbreaks, policymakers are encouraged to focus on the disadvantaged areas that are highly connected to provide additional pharmacological and non-pharmacological intervention policies.
Prevalence and determinants of chronic airflow obstruction in Khartoum State, Sudan

Introduction This study estimates the prevalence of chronic pulmonary disease defined by spirometry in urban Khartoum and identifies the impact of risk factors on the prevalence of the disease. Methods Nine hundred and ninety-eight subjects aged 40 years or older from three localities in Khartoum were enrolled in this cross-sectional survey. A field worker collected questionnaire data and performed pre and post-bronchodilator spirometry tests. Survey weighted prevalence estimates of respiratory symptoms and spirometric abnormalities were computed. Bivariate and multivariable regression analyses were used to identify associated variables. Results Full questionnaire and spirometry data were collected from 516 subjects. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-1994 reference range for white Americans, the prevalence of Chronic Airflow Obstruction (CAO) according to the lower limit of normal (LLN) was 10% (standard error [SE] 1.4). The main risk factor for CAO was older age of 60-69 years (odds ratio 3.16, 95% confidence interval 1.20-8.31). Other risk factors such as low level of education, high body mass index and having a history of tuberculosis were also identified. The prevalence of a low forced vital capacity (FVC) using the NHANES reference range was 62.7% (SE 2.2) and 11.3% [SE 1.4] using internally derived local values. Discussion The prevalence of spirometric abnormality; mainly (low FVC) was high suggesting that chronic lung disease is of substantial public health importance in urban Sudan. Consideration from the public health and health system strengthening for the prevention and control of these problems is highly needed.
Comparison of variant callers for wastewater-based epidemiology

Wastewater based epidemiology (WBE) has been extensively used during the COVID19 pandemic to detect and monitor the spread of the SARS CoV 2 virus and its variants. It has also proven to be an excellent tool to complement and support insights gained from reported clinical data. Globally, many groups have developed bioinformatics pipelines to analyse sequencing data from wastewater. Accurate calling of mutations from RNA extracted from wastewater samples is key in supporting clinical data to make informed decisions on the prevalence of variants, as well as in the use of WBE as a molecular surveillance tool. However, wastewater samples can be challenging to extract and sequence, and performance of variant calling algorithms in this context has, so far, not been investigated. Analysis of the data and assignment of circulating variants depends heavily on the accuracy of the variant caller, particularly given the degraded nature of the viral RNA and the heterogeneous nature of metagenomic samples. To address this, we compared the performance of six variant callers (VarScan, iVAR, GATK, FreeBayes, LoFreq and BCFtools), used widely in bioinformatics pipelines, on 19 synthetic samples with a known mix of three different SARS CoV 2 variant genomes (Alpha, Beta and Delta), as well as 13 wastewater samples collected in London between the 15th and 18th December 2021. Using the Quasimodo benchmarking tool to compare the six variant callers, we assessed the fundamental parameters of recall (sensitivity) and precision (specificity) in confirming the presence of a variant within the population. Our results show that BCFtools, FreeBayes and VarScan called the expected mutations with higher precision and recall than iVAR or GATK, although the latter identified more expected defining mutations. LoFreq gave the least reliable results due to the high number of false positive mutations detected, resulting in lower precision. Similar results were obtained for both the synthetic and wastewater samples.
In-depth characterisation of a cohort of individuals with missense and loss-of-function variants disrupting FOXP2

Background Heterozygous disruptions of FOXP2 were the first identified molecular cause for severe speech disorder: childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), and yet few cases have been reported, limiting knowledge of the condition. Methods Here we phenotyped 28 individuals from 17 families with pathogenic FOXP2-only variants (12 loss-of-function, five missense variants; 14 males; aged 2 to 62 years). Health and development (cognitive, motor, social domains) were examined, including speech and language outcomes with the first cross-linguistic analysis of English and German. Results Speech disorders were prevalent (23/25, 92%) and CAS was most common (22/25, 88%), with similar speech presentations across English and German. Speech was still impaired in adulthood, and some speech sounds (eg, ‘th’, ‘r’, ‘ch’, ‘j’) were never acquired. Language impairments (21/25, 84%) ranged from mild to severe. Comorbidities included feeding difficulties in infancy (10/26, 38%), fine (13/26, 50%) and gross (13/26, 50%) motor impairment, anxiety (5/27, 19%), depression (6/27, 22%) and sleep disturbance (10/24, 42%). Physical features were common (22/27, 81%) but with no consistent pattern. Cognition ranged from average to mildly impaired and was incongruent with language ability; for example, seven participants with severe language disorder had average non-verbal cognition. Conclusions Although we identify an increased prevalence of conditions like anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance, we confirm that the consequences of FOXP2 dysfunction remain relatively specific to speech disorder, as compared with other recently identified monogenic conditions associated with CAS. Thus, our findings reinforce that FOXP2 provides a valuable entry point for examining the neurobiological bases of speech disorder.
Global Emergence of Resistance to Fluconazole and Voriconazole in Candida parapsilosis in Tertiary Hospitals in Spain During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: Candida parapsilosis is a frequent cause of candidemia worldwide. Its incidence is associated with the use of medical implants, such as central venous catheters or parenteral nutrition. This species has reduced susceptibility to echinocandins and is susceptible to polyenes and azoles. Multiple outbreaks caused by fluconazole non-susceptible strains have been reported recently. A similar trend has been observed among the C. parapsilosis isolates received in the last two years at the Spanish Mycology Reference Laboratory. Methods: Yeast were identified by molecular biology and antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using EUCAST protocol. ERG11 gene was sequenced to identify resistance mechanisms, and typification was carried out by microsatellite analysis. Results: We examined the susceptibility profile of the C. parapsilosis isolates available at our Reference Laboratory since 2000 (around 1,300 strains). During the last two years, the number of isolates with acquired resistance to fluconazole and voriconazole has increased in at least eight different Spanish hospitals. Typification of the isolates revealed that some prevalent clones had spread through several hospitals of the same geographical region. One of these clones was found in hospitals from the region of Catalonia, another in hospitals from Madrid and Burgos, and two other different genotypes from Santander. Conclusions: Our data suggests that the epidemiological situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic might have induced a selection of fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis isolates that were already present at the hospitals. Further measures must be taken to avoid the establishment of clinical outbreaks that could threaten the life of infected patients.
Clinical symptoms, cognitive performance and cortical activity following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)

Objective: To investigate clinical symptoms, cognitive performance and cortical activity following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Methods: Thirty individuals in the sub-acute phase post mTBI and 28 healthy controls with no history of head injury were compared on clinical, cognitive and cortical activity measures. Measures of cortical activity included; resting state EEG, task related EEG and combined transcranial magnetic stimulation with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG). Primary analyses investigated clinical, cognitive and cortical activity differences between groups. Exploratory analyses investigated the relationships between these measures. Results: At 4 weeks' post injury, mTBI participants exhibited significantly greater post concussive and clinical symptoms compared to controls; as well as reduced cognitive performance on verbal learning and working memory measures. mTBI participants demonstrated alterations in cortical activity while at rest and in response to stimulation with TMS. Conclusions: The mTBI group demonstrated neurophysiological markers of altered excitatory and inhibitory processes which impact neural function. Further research is needed to explore the relationship between these pathophysiologies and clinical/cognitive symptoms in mTBI.
Badly approximable systems of affine forms, fractals, and Schmidt games

Abstract A badly approximable system of affine forms is determined by a matrix and a vector. We show Kleinbock's conjecture for badly approximable systems of affine forms: for any fixed vector, the set of badly approximable systems of affine forms is winning (in the sense of Schmidt games) even when restricted to a fractal (from a certain large class of fractals). In addition, we consider fixing the matrix instead of the vector where an analog statement holds.
Tessellations of random maps of arbitrary genus

We investigate Voronoi-like tessellations of bipartite quadrangulations on surfaces of arbitrary genus, by using a natural generalization of a bijection of Marcus and Schaeffer allowing to encode such structures into labeled maps with a fixed number of faces. We investigate the scaling limits of the latter. Applications include asymptotic enumeration results for quadrangulations, and typical metric properties of randomly sampled quadrangulations. In particular, we show that scaling limits of these random quadrangulations are such that almost every pair of points are linked by a unique geodesic.
Extracellular vesicle measurements with nanoparticle tracking analysis – An accuracy and repeatability comparison between NanoSight NS300 and ZetaView

ABSTRACT The expanding field of extracellular vesicle (EV) research needs reproducible and accurate methods to characterize single EVs. Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) is commonly used to determine EV concentration and diameter. As the EV field is lacking methods to easily confirm and validate NTA data, questioning the reliability of measurements remains highly important. In this regard, a comparison addressing measurement quality between different NTA devices such as Malvern’s NanoSight NS300 or Particle Metrix’ ZetaView has not yet been conducted. To evaluate the accuracy and repeatability of size and concentration determinations of both devices, we employed comparative methods including transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and single particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensing (SP-IRIS) by ExoView. Multiple test measurements with nanospheres, liposomes and ultracentrifuged EVs from human serum and cell culture supernatant were performed. Additionally, serial dilutions and freeze-thaw cycle-dependent EV decrease were measured to determine the robustness of each system. Strikingly, NanoSight NS300 exhibited a 2.0–2.1-fold overestimation of polystyrene and silica nanosphere concentration. By measuring serial dilutions of EV samples, we demonstrated higher accuracy in concentration determination by ZetaView (% BIAS range: 2.7–8.5) in comparison with NanoSight NS300 (% BIAS range: 32.9–36.8). The concentration measurements by ZetaView were also more precise (% CV range: 0.0–4.7) than measurements by NanoSight NS300 (% CV range: 5.4–10.7). On the contrary, quantitative TEM imaging indicated more accurate EV sizing by NanoSight NS300 (% DTEM range: 79.5–134.3) compared to ZetaView (% DTEM range: 111.8–205.7), while being equally repeatable (NanoSight NS300% CV range: 0.8–6.7; ZetaView: 1.4–7.8). However, both devices failed to report a peak EV diameter below 60 nm compared to TEM and SP-IRIS. Taken together, NTA devices differ strongly in their hardware and software affecting measuring results. ZetaView provided a more accurate and repeatable depiction of EV concentration, whereas NanoSight NS300 supplied size measurements of higher resolution.
Linnik's ergodic method and the distribution of integer points on spheres

We discuss Linnik's work on the distribution of integral solutions to $x^2+y^2+z^2 =d$, as $d$ goes to infinity. We give an exposition of Linnik's ergodic method; indeed, by using large-deviation results for random walks on expander graphs, we establish a refinement of his equidistribution theorem. We discuss the connection of these ideas with modern developments (ergodic theory on homogeneous spaces, $L$-functions).
The rank of diluted random graphs.

We investigate the rank of the adjacency matrix of large diluted random graphs: for a sequence of graphs $(G_n)_{n\geq0}$ converging locally to a Galton--Watson tree $T$ (GWT), we provide an explicit formula for the asymptotic multiplicity of the eigenvalue 0 in terms of the degree generating function $\phi_*$ of $T$. In the first part, we show that the adjacency operator associated with $T$ is always self-adjoint; we analyze the associated spectral measure at the root and characterize the distribution of its atomic mass at 0. In the second part, we establish a sufficient condition on $\phi_*$ for the expectation of this atomic mass to be precisely the normalized limit of the dimension of the kernel of the adjacency matrices of $(G_n)_{n\geq 0}$. Our proofs borrow ideas from analysis of algorithms, functional analysis, random matrix theory and statistical physics.
Inadequacies in the conventional treatment of the radiation field of moving sources

There is a fundamental difference between the classical expression for the retarded electromagnetic potential and the corresponding retarded solution of the wave equation that governs the electromagnetic field. While the boundary contribution to the retarded solution for the potential can always be rendered equal to zero by means of a gauge transformation that preserves the Lorenz condition, the boundary contribution to the retarded solution of the wave equation governing the field may be neglected only if it diminishes with distance faster than the contribution of the source density in the far zone. In the case of a source whose distribution pattern both rotates and travels faster than light in vacuo, as realized in recent experiments, the boundary term in the retarded solution governing the field is by a factor of the order of R1/2 larger than the source term of this solution in the limit that the distance R of the boundary from the source tends to infinity. This result is consistent with the prediction.
Holomorphic Extension Theorem for Tempered Ultrahyperfunctions

In this paper we are concerned with the space of tempered ultrahyperfunctions corresponding to a proper open convex cone. A holomorphic extension theorem (the version of the celebrated edge of the wedge theorem) will be given for this setting. As application, a version is also given of the principle of determination of an analytic function by its values on a non-empty open real set. The paper finishes with the generalization of holomorphic extension theorem \`a la Martineau.
ROLE OF PRODUCT INNOVATION AND MARKET ORIENTATION TO PERFORMANCE PURI NIRWANA CONSUMER COOPERATIVE, CIBINONG

This associative research was conducted to determine the effect of market orientation and product innovation on the performance of the Puri Nirwana Consumer Cooperative, Cibinong. The population in this study were 100 active members of the cooperative and used a saturated sample (census) technique. This research uses SPSS 24.00 analysis. Methods of data collection in this study using interviews and questionnaires. The hypothesis was tested by simple regression using path analysis techniques and Sobel test. The results of hypothesis testing indicate that all proposed hypotheses are accepted. market orientation has a positive and significant effect on product innovation orientation, product innovation has a positive and significant effect on performance, market orientation has a positive and significant effect on performance and product innovation is able to mediate the effect of market orientation on the performance of the Puri Nirwana Consumer Cooperative, Cibinong significantly. (Y1), and company performance of the (Y2). strength of the indirect influence of orientation through product on the performance of the Puri Nirwana Cibinong Consumer Cooperative (Y2). This also uses the Sobel test which is used to examine the indirect effect of market orientation variables (X1) through product innovation (Y1) on the performance of the Puri Nirwana Cibinong Consumer Cooperative (Y2).
At the heart of most explanations for the non-convergence in international incomes across countries is the concept of technological change. Improvements in technology, whether through invention of new techniques or through the adoption of better technologies that have been

We revisit the notion of “appropriate technology” considered in Basu and Weil (1998) whereby technologies that are more capital intensive are adopted only after a certain level of capital depth has been achieved. We incorporate the idea by explicitly modelling the choice between two technologies in a heterogeneous agent model with overlapping generations. Both technologies can be improved through ‘learning-by-doing’ and adaptation of the technology to local conditions. One of the technologies is an ‘advanced technology’ in that it has potentially greater returns to capital deepening, and also to learning-by-doing and adaptation. However, a critical level of development has to be reached before the technology becomes appropriate; for lower levels of development the less advanced technology is more productive. Depending on initial conditions, a variety of long run outcomes and transitional dynamics are possible, suggesting that “appropriate technology” provides a potential explanation for the diversity of growth and technology diffusion experiences observed in world economies. (JEL O11, O30, O33)
Finsler geodesics in the presence of a convex function and their applications

In this paper, we obtain a result about the existence of only a finite number of geodesics between two fixed non-conjugate points in a Finsler manifold endowed with a convex function. We apply it to Randers and Zermelo metrics. As a by-product, we also get a result about the finiteness of the number of lightlike and timelike geodesics connecting an event to a line in a standard stationary spacetime.