Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Postoperative COVID-19 Infection after Two Negative Preoperative Tests in a Patient Undergoing Coronary Artery, Mitral Valve, and Left Atrial Cryoablation Surgery

The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially impacted cardiac surgery in Veterans Affairs Medical Centers including mandated use of Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) testing prior to cardiac surgery to identify COVID-19 in asymptomatic patients. We describe an elderly man who underwent coronary artery, mitral valve, and left atrial cryoablation surgery after two negative preoperative COVID-19 tests within a week before surgery, but subsequently developed symptoms concerning for active COVID-19 infection with suggestive imaging findings confirmed with RT-PCR testing during the immediate postoperative period. This case illustrates the potential fallibility of preoperative RT-PCR testing for COVID-19, the need for maintaining a high index of suspicion for the infection in postoperative patients, and the importance of personal protective equipment regardless of a patient’s assumed COVID-19 status.
Intertemporal Altruism

Most prosocial decisions involve intertemporal trade-offs. Yet, the timing of prosocial utility flows is ambiguous and bypassed by most models of other-regarding preferences. We study the behavioral implications of the time structure of prosocial utility, leveraging a conceptual distinction between consequence-dated and choice-dated utility flows. We conduct a high-stakes donation experiment that comprehensively characterizes discounting behavior in self–other tradeoffs and allows us to identify different prosocial motives from their distinct time profiles. Our data can only be explained by a combination of choice- and consequence-dated prosocial utility. Both motives are pervasive and negatively correlated at the individual level. (JEL D15, D64, D91, I12, L31)
Chapter 5 : Evolving Concepts of “Hierarchy” in Systems Neuroscience

A BSTRACT : The notion of “hierarchy” is one of the most commonly posited organizational principles in systems neuroscience. To this date, however, it has received little philosophical analysis. This is unfortunate, because the general concept of hierarchy ranges over two approaches with distinct empirical commitments, and whose conceptual relations remain unclear. We call the first approach the “ representational hierarchy” view, which posits that an anatomical hierarchy of feed-forward, feed-back, and lateral connections underlies a signal processing hierarchy of input-output relations. Because the representational hierarchy view holds that unimodal sensory representations are subsequently elaborated into more categorical and rule-based ones, it is committed to an increasing degree of abstraction along the hierarchy. The second view, which we call “topological hierarchy , ” is not committed to different representational functions or degrees of abstraction at different levels. Topological approaches instead posit that the hierarchical level of a part of the brain depends on how central it is to the pattern of connections in the system. Based on the current evidence, we argue that three conceptual relations between the two approaches are possible: topological hierarchies could substantiate the traditional representational hierarchy, conflict with it, or contribute to a plurality of approaches needed to understand the organization of the brain. By articulating each of these possibilities, our analysis attempts to open a conceptual space in which further neuroscientific and philosophical reasoning about neural hierarchy can proceed.
Evidence from day-by-day sales and bid-by-bid auction logs in the housing market

We exploit unique Norwegian day-by-day transaction and bid-by-bid auction data in order to examine how market participants reacted to the spreading news of Covid-19 in early March 2020, the lock-down on March 12, and the re-opening on April 20. We nd that behavior changed voluntarily before the lock-down, and we nd e ects on the housing market from both the lock-down and the re-opening. In particular, there exists a discontinuity on the date of the lock-down in transaction volumes, sell-prediction spreads, aggressive bidding behavior, and seller con dence. However, when we compare observed price developments with our estimated counter-factual price developments, we nd that roughly half of the total fall in prices had occurred when the lock-down was implemented. The re-opening completely reverses the lock-down e ect on prices. We also show that voluntary behavioural changes, as well as lock-down and re-opening effects, are visible in various measures of social mobility, and that changes in daily news sentiment correlate with the abnormal price movements during this period.
SERVANT LEADERSHIP AND ETHICAL CLIMATE AS ANTECEDENTS OF TURNOVER INTENTIONS IN THE RESTAURANT INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN

Employees' turnover intention is one of the main problems which exist in the restaurant industry. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of servant leadership and ethical climate on turnover intention; in addition, ethical climate was investigated as a mediator between servant leadership and turnover intention specifically in the restaurant industry of Pakistan. Data from 216 frontline employees and waiters was utilized for data analysis. Afterwards, direct and indirect effects were examined. Findings showed a (i) negative relationship between servant leadership and turnover intention, (ii) positive relationship between servant leadership and ethical climate, (iii) negative relationship between ethical climate and turnover intention, and that (iv) ethical climate mediates between servant leadership and turnover intention. Hence, providing several practical and theoretical implications.
A short review of CD73 Role in Cancer

The purinergic signaling pathway has been introduced as the main way in the progression of cancer and is regulated by producing a series of nucleotides. CD73 is a surface protein encoded by the NT5E gene and plays a crucial role in cell signaling. CD73 has both enzymatic and non-enzymatic functions, independent of its enzymatic activity in cells; it has been detected to be over-expressed and plays an important role in many types of cancer. However, the non-enzymatic function of CD73 has not been well studied yet. Findings from recent research show that CD73 activities are exploited as ectoenzyme to produce extracellular adenosine; in other words, there is a tumor-induced immunosuppressive mechanism for CD73. It can increase tumor proliferation and development by restricting antitumor T immunity through adenosine receptor signaling. Several factors and mechanisms have been used to control CD73 expression. Studies in various models have shown that CD73 plays a key role in the growth of tumors; it has also become an attractive therapeutic goal for scientists in many studies related to cancer. They include identifying different cancer subsets, the anticipation of drug response in patients, precipitation of purine escape pathway activity etc. Collective studies have proved that CD73 is a substantial molecule that formulates proliferation, colonialism and invasion in vitro, angiogenesis and immune escape in vivo in cancer and tumor cells. The data has shown that the potential of CD73 distinguished it as a recognizable biological marker in the next generation of treatment and research studies on cancer.
PRESERVATION OF ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE SYSTEM BY MORIN IN BICALUTAMIDE-INDUCED RAT TESTICULAR TOXICITY

* Olayinka, E.T. , Ore, A. , Olotu, O.O. , Ogbuji, V.U. , Adeyemo, O.A. , Ola, O.S. Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria. Authors' email addresses: OET-et.olayinka@acu.edu. ng, Tel: +2340868525507; OA-a.ore@acu.edu. ng; OOOolaoluolot@yahoo.co.uk; OVU-ogbujiuvera@gmail.com; AOA-dewumyt@gmail.com; OOS-os.ola@acu.edu. ng. Corresponding author's email: et.olayinka@acu.edu. ng
Electrophysiological signatures of second language multimodal comprehension

Language is multimodal: non-linguistic cues, such as prosody, gestures and mouth movements, are always present in face-toface communication and interact to support processing. In this paper, we ask whether and how multimodal cues affect L2 processing by recording EEG for highly proficient bilinguals when watching naturalistic materials. For each word, we quantified surprisal and the informativeness of prosody, gestures, and mouth movements. We found that each cue modulates the N400: prosodic accentuation, meaningful gestures, and informative mouth movements all reduce N400. Further, effects of meaningful gestures but not mouth informativeness are enhanced by prosodic accentuation, whereas effects of mouth are enhanced by meaningful gestures but reduced by beat gestures. Compared with L1, L2 participants benefit less from cues and their interactions, except for meaningful gestures and mouth movements. Thus, in realworld language comprehension, L2 comprehenders use multimodal cues just as L1 speakers albeit to a lesser extent.
Named Entity Recognition using Machine Learning techniques

Knowledge extraction through keywords and relation creation between contents with common keywords is an important asset in any content management system. Nevertheless, it is impossible to perform manually this kind of information extraction due to the growing amount of textual content of varying quality made available by multiple creators and distributors of information. This paper presents and evaluates a prototype developed for the recognition of named entities using orthographic and morphologic word attributes as input and Support Vector Machines as the machine learning technique for identifying those entities in new documents. Since documents are written in the Portuguese language and there was no part-of-speech tagger freely available, a model for this language was also developed using SVMTool, a simple and eﬀective generator of sequential taggers based on Support Vector Machines. This implied adapting the Bosque 8.0 corpus by adding a POS tag to every word, since originally several words were joined into one token with a unique tag and others were split giving rise to more than one tag.
P RIORITY C UT : O CCLUSION - AWARE R EGULARIZATION FOR I MAGE A NIMATION

Image animation generates a video of a source image following the motion of a driving video. Self-supervised image animation approaches do not require explicit pose references as inputs, thus offering large flexibility in learning. State-of-the-art self-supervised image animation approaches mostly warp the source image according to the motion of the driving video, and recover the warping artifacts by inpainting. When the source and the driving images have large pose differences, heavy inpainting is necessary. Without guidance, heavily inpainted regions usually suffer from loss of details. While previous data augmentation techniques such as CutMix are effective in regularizing non-warp-based image generation, directly applying them to image animation ignores the difficulty of inpainting on the warped image. We propose PriorityCut, a novel augmentation approach that uses the top-k percent occluded pixels of the foreground to regularize image animation. By taking into account the difficulty of inpainting, PriorityCut preserves better identity than vanilla CutMix and outperforms state-of-the-art image animation models in terms of the pixel-wise difference, low-level similarity, keypoint distance, and feature embedding distance. Source Image Driving Image Generated Image Occlusion Mask PriorityCut Mask CutMix Image Figure 1: Warp-based image animation warps the source image based on the motion of the driving image and recovers the warping artifacts by inpainting. PriorityCut utilizes the occlusion information in image animation indicating the locations of warping artifacts to regularize discriminator predictions on inpainting. The augmented image has smooth transitions without loss or mixture of context.
EVALUATION OF DATA AUGMENTATION FOR GAN WITH LIMITED HISTOLOGICAL DATASETS

In digital histopathology, automatic biomarkers quantiﬁcation at the whole slide level enables the precise characterization of a pathology progression or drug eﬃciency. Su-pervised Machine Learning (SML) algorithms allow the automation of such tasks but rely on large annotated learning datasets. Unfortunately, such datasets are not easily available, mainly due to the tedious task of manual segmentation. A strategy to overcome this problem is to artiﬁcially extend these sets using Data Augmentation. Although approaches relying on traditional Data Augmentation are the most developed and used, Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) recently gained interest despite their intrinsic complexity and need of large learning databases. Indeed, GANs requirements in terms of learning data quantity and quality are often underestimated especially in cases where manually annotated data are scarce. In this exploratory work, we aimed at measuring GAN eﬃciency when fed with synthetic data generated with a set of traditional Data Augmentation methods. Generated models relevancy and accuracy were assessed by evaluating the quality of resulting segmentation with U-Net.
Numerical and Economic Evaluation of Some Papaya Genotypes Trees Grown In Qalyubia Region

The study was undertaken to assess the genetic diversity on the basis of morphological and physiological characterization among 8 papaya genotypes in Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt during three successively seasons (2017, 2018 and 2019). Morphological, physiological and agronomical traits were studied across 8 papaya genotypes to characterize the genetic assessment which includes the following aspects: breeding method, sex form, special characteristics and fruit shape and size, plant height (cm), stem girth (cm), average No. leaves/plant, leaf length and diameter (cm), days from planting to first flowering, days from planting to first fruiting, days from planting to first harvest, number of fruits /tree, fruit weight (kg), yield (kg/tree), physical properties i.e. fruit length and diameter (cm) and fruit dimensions (fruit length/fruit diameter), fresh and dry weights (g) of papaya seed, chemical characteristics (SSC, vitamin C, papain enzyme, total, reducing and non-reducing sugars (%), study showed significant variation among all the genotypes in morphological and physiological traits. The obtained results showed that the availability of the selected papaya genotypes (G4 and G8) made it possible to study the influence of genotypes characteristics on the morphological, fruiting, yield, characteristics of fruits physical and chemical. Genetic diversity studies of available papaya genotypes are necessary to facilitate unambiguous identification of the various germplasms and their protection, and in turn can be provide to farmers and breeders to further improve auspicious papaya that could have a positive effect on the local economy.
Supplementary Material of the Paper: Reciprocal Adversarial Learning via Characteristic Functions

We report the effects of α on training the overall RCF-GAN in Fig. 1. From this figure, we can find that the proposed RCF-GAN is robust to the choice of α, as when α ranges from 0.1 to 0.9, the RCF-GAN still achieved relatively superior generations. More importantly, we have not witnessed any mode collapse generations in all experiments. Although α = 0.5 was a default and mainly used in our experiments, varying α could even achieve better performances. For example, for the dataset without complex and diversified scenarios (e.g., CelebA), imposing amplitude by α = 0.75 increased the FID (KID) from 15.86 (0.011) to 13.84 (0.009). As the amplitude relates to the diversity measurement in the CF loss, the increment may come from enhancing the richness of generated faces. On the other hand, for some complicated scenarios (e.g., CIFAR-10), keeping the mean of data generation (that is, focusing on the phase) could be more beneficial (e.g., α = 0.1).
MOLECULAR STUDY OF BLAOXA1, BLACTX-M AND THEIR RELATED WITH 16SRRNA METHYLTRANSFERASE GENES IN MULTIDRUG RESISTANT KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIA ISOLATED FROM DIFFERENT CLINICAL SAMPLES IN KIRKUK CITY

Background:Extended Spectrum beta-lactamase producing Klebsiella.pneumoniae which also carry 16S rRNA methyltransferase have been reported to be an important cause of many infections in hospitals.K.pneumoniae have developed resistance by intrinsic & acquired mechanisms to many antimicrobial agents imposes a serious therapeutic problem. Materials and Methods: A total of 51 Klebsiella.pneumoniae isolates were isolated from 120 different clinical samples in some public & private hospitals in Kirkuk city during the period from October 2020 to January 2021. Bacterial identification was done using conventional ,cultural & biochemical methods ,API 20E&and VITEk 2 cards for identification (GN), while the antibiotic susceptibility tests was done using disk diffusion test(DDT) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing was performed using VITEK 2 automated system (bioMérieux, France). The highly resistance isolates were subjected to conventional PCR technique to detect the presence of blaOXA1,blaCTX-M and related 16S rRNA methyltransferase. Results: The results of antibiotic sentivity by (DDT) revealed that highest resistance was against oxacillin(100%),ampicillin and tetracycline (94%),while the rest of antibiotics had resistance percentage of (60.7%) for cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, (54.95%) for cefepime, (62.7%) for ceftazidime and (47%) for cefoxitin and ciprofloxacin.Amikacin and imipenem by (43%),gentamicin and piperacillin by (49%) and (68.8%) respectively. The MIC of different antibiotics was performed on highest resistance isolates using VITEK2 AST-GN327 showed the isolates were resistant to the antibiotics used except few isolates exhibit sentivity to carbapenems,amikacin,cefoxitin and ciprofloxacin. PCR assay revealed that all resistant K.pneumoniae isolates were harbored blaOXA1 and blaCTX-M were detected in 18(78.2%) of isolates.Regarding to 16S rRNA methyltransferase genes, armA gene was detected only in 4(17.3%) isolates but all resistance isolates were harbored rmtC gene.Conclusion: The prevalence of multi-drug resistant K.pneumoniae isolates was increased in Kirkuk province. Molecular characterization of ESBLs and 16S rRNA methyltransferase genes provide information about the prevalence of these genes in K.pneumoniae in Kirkuk city. The blaOXA1 was the predominant among the ESBLs genes while the rmtC genes were predominant among 16S rRNA methyltransferase genes in K.pneumoniae in this study.
9 Crime reduction, diffusion and displacement: evaluating the effectiveness of CCTV

This chapter will be of interest to those wrestling with the problems of technique and methodology connected with measuring the effects of CCTV systems. This is an important task given the claims made about CCTV systems (see Ward, 1996). It is also important given the 'stunning' proliferation of such systems (Graham, Brooks & Heery, 1996). The evaluation of the crime reduction impact of CCTV systems has been the subject of little systematic, independent research. The only comparable existing studies are Bulos and Sarno (1995), Brown (1995), Short and Ditton (1996) and Squires and Measor (1996). Specifically this chapter aims to describe the process of evaluation and highlight some of the main findings that emerge from the Redton scheme. The paper consists of three parts. First, the nature of the Redton town centre CCTV system is set out. This is followed by an examination of the general evaluation strategy before moving on to a discussion of the results obtained and their limitations.
Molecular simulation on the interaction of Ethinylestradiol (EE2) with polymer membranes in wastewater purification

Abstract Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to study the adsorption of solute organic molecules (Ethinylestradiol (EE2) and testosterone) with different polymer membranes such as polyether sulfone (PES), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The equilibrium MD simulations results for the membrane solution interface system show that the interaction of EE2 with PES is specific and strong, whereas the interaction is weak and non-specific for PVDF. The binding free energies, the non-bonded short range interaction energies and mobility are also consistent with the interaction behaviour found in experiments. The adsorption of testosterone onto PES and PVDF is considered as control system. The result shows that binding free energies of PES and PVDF interacting with organic solute are consistent with experimental result in the order as; PES-EE2 > PES-Testosterone > PVDF-EE2 > PVDF-Testosterone. The formation hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions are observed between the EE2 and PES. In addition, adsorption of EE2 onto polyamide 6-12 (PA612) and polystyrene (PS) membranes are predicted. This simulation study provides molecular insights on the experimental observations and helps as a computational methodology to screen the membrane materials for EE2 removal from wastewater.
Ancestors, inter-generational transmission of attitudes, and corporate performance: Evidence from the Italian Mass Migration

We study the effect of the attitudes of a CEO’s ancestors on firm performance. To do so, we collect detailed information on emigrants from Italian municipalities during the Age of Mass Migration (1892-1924) from Ellis Island ships lists and use emigration experience as a proxy for ancestors’ risk propensity. We adopt an epidemiological approach complemented with an instrumental variables strategy and find that Italian firms managed by a CEO that belongs to a family with past emigration experience tend to perform better and to be more productive. In line with an inter-generational transmission of attitudes hypothesis, we show a positive relationship between the emigration experience of a CEO’s ancestors and alternative measures of corporate risk-taking. The attitudes of a CEO’s ancestors have as well consequences on firm solvency and on the cost of capital.