Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Noise in multiterminal diffusive conductors : universality, nonlocality, and exchange effects

We study noise and transport in multiterminal diffusive conductors. Using a Boltzmann-Langevin equation approach we reduce the calculation of shot-noise correlators to the solution of diffusion equations. Within this approach we prove the universality of shot noise in multiterminal diffusive conductors of arbitrary shape and dimension for purely elastic scattering as well as for hot electrons. We show that shot noise in multiterminal conductors is a nonlocal quantity and that exchange effects can occur in the absence of quantum phase coherence even at zero electron temperature; It is also shown that the exchange effect measured in one contact is always negative - in agreement with the Pauli principle. We discuss a new phenomenon in which current noise is induced by thermal transport. We propose a possible experiment to measure locally the effective noise temperature. Concrete numbers for shot noise are given that can be tested experimentally.
Seeing Sound

Audio annotation is key to developing machine-listening systems; yet, effective ways to accurately and rapidly obtain crowdsourced audio annotations is understudied. In this work, we seek to quantify the reliability/redundancy trade-off in crowdsourced soundscape annotation, investigate how visualizations affect accuracy and efficiency, and characterize how performance varies as a function of audio characteristics. Using a controlled experiment, we varied sound visualizations and the complexity of soundscapes presented to human annotators. Results show that more complex audio scenes result in lower annotator agreement, and spectrogram visualizations are superior in producing higher quality annotations at lower cost of time and human labor. We also found recall is more affected than precision by soundscape complexity, and mistakes can be often attributed to certain sound event characteristics. These findings have implications not only for how we should design annotation tasks and interfaces for audio data, but also how we train and evaluate machine-listening systems.
Master Computer Science Scanning Latin poetry with machine learning

This research addresses the scansion of Latin poetry using machine learning models, in particular neural networks. Having created training sets using the rule-based approaches by the Pedecerto and Anceps projects, we investigate the best way to scan dactylic verse. Subsequently, we investigate the generalisability of a model trained on dactylic meter to other scansion systems, like the iambic trimeter. We find that an LSTM with one-hot encoding outperforms CRF when scanning dactylic meter, with weighted F1-scores of 0.99 for the long, short and elision labels for the former and F1-scores of 0.90 for the latter. Additionally, the models have no problems scanning Latin from different authors, time periods and genres within the same metrical system. The model does require at least 3,000 lines of poetry as training material for a weighted F1-score of 0.98. Generalising the LSTM model trained on dactylic verse to iambic trimeter seems unfeasible, with F1-scores of ∼ 0.75 for the long label, ∼ 0.50 for short and ∼ 0.85 for elision. Using word embeddings trained on syllable level as input to the LSTM does not improve scores. Training both LSTM models on noisy trimeter data (with anceps labels instead of dedicated long/short labels) results in increased F1-scores for the one-hot model, but decreased performance for the embeddings LSTM. This seems to suggest that an LSTM model performs best when trained and tested on a specific metrical system, but that using word embed-dings on syllable level does not help with determining syllable length information. When testing on additional meters like the anapest, we find that the CRF model generalises best to other meters with F1-scores of around 0.80. This in contrast to the LSTM models which reach F1-scores of ∼ 0.75 for the long and ∼ 0.50 for the short syllables.
VIBRATION ANALYSES OF RADIAL TURBINE WHEELS CONSIDERING STRUCTURAL AND AERODYNAMIC MISTUNING

Radial turbine wheels of exhaust gas turbochargers are permanently exposed to centrifugal, thermal, and aerodynamic loading. However, since these wheels are commonly designed as integral structures featuring relatively little mechanical damping, they are prone to the impact of unavoidable structural random mistuning, which may evoke severe magnifications of the forced response. Nonetheless, the safe operation of turbochargers has to be ensured at any time so that the contribution of aerodynamic damping is of particular importance. Moreover, the application of intentional mistuning is known to be a suitable measure to limit or even reduce the forced response by means of increasing the resulting aerodynamic damping. In this paper, two turbine wheels of the same type are considered, one manufactured with and another one without intentional mistuning. Experimental determinations of the mistuning patterns actually reveal deviations from the design intentions, which are considered in updated numerical models. Forced response simulations demonstrate that the targeted response reduction affected by intentional mistuning is achieved anyhow. Furthermore, the general robustness of the solution is proved with respect to the maximum forced response by means of comprehensive probabilistic numerical analyses addressing the impact of additional random structural mistuning, the magnitude of intentional mistuning, and aerodynamic mistuning.
Molecular Clouds in the Extreme Outer Galaxy between l = 34.°75 to 45.°25

We present the results of an unbiased CO survey in the Galactic range of 34. °75 ≤ l ≤ 45. °25 and −5. °25 ≤ b ≤ 5. °25, and the velocity range beyond the Outer arm. A total of 168 molecular clouds (MCs) are identified within the Extreme Outer Galaxy (EOG) region, and 31 of these MCs are associated with 13CO emission. However, none of them show significant C18O emission under the current detection limit. The typical size and mass of these MCs are 5 pc and 3 × 103 M⊙, implying a lack of large and massive MCs in the EOG region. Similar to MCs in the outer Galaxy, the velocity dispersions of EOG clouds are also correlated with their sizes; however, they are well displaced below the scaling relationship defined by the inner Galaxy MCs. These MCs with a median Galactocentric radius of 12.6 kpc show very different distributions from those of the MCs in the Outer arm published in our previous paper, while roughly following the Outer Scutum–Centaurus arm defined by Dame & Thaddeus. This result may provide robust evidence for the existence of the Outer Scutum–Centaurus arm. The lower limit of the total mass of this segment is about 2.7 × 105 M⊙, which is about one magnitude lower than that of the Outer arm. The mean thickness of the gaseous disk is about 1. °45 or 450 pc, and the scale height is about 1. °27, or 400 pc above the b = 0° plane. The warp traced by CO emission is very obvious in the EOG region and its amplitude is consistent with the predictions by other warp models using different tracers, such as dust, H i, and stellar components of our Galaxy.
Assessing the Impact of the Covid 19 Pandemic on the Banking System Performance

The outbreak of the Coronavirus, which has caused a global crisis, has affected all aspects of human life. This pandemic has also seriously challenged the business environment, monetary and financial markets, and the performance of banks in countries. Accordingly, this paper aims to answer the question: “What is the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic crisis on the performance of the Canadian banking industry? Thus, the main purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the performance of the Canadian banking industry. For this purpose, the related literature was systematically reviewed to extract performance indicators. Then, a quantitative approach and a multiple case study strategy were used to examine the hypotheses and answer the questions. So, three Canadian banks including RBC bank, TD bank, and BMO were selected as cases. Document- and records-based method used to collect public data from official, and well-known economic and financial sources. For data analysis, structural equation analysis and correlation test were considered using Amos 28 and APSS 27. Based on the results, although the Covid-19 pandemic has shocked the Canadian banking industry, like many businesses, but because of its high capabilities, they have been able to manage the crisis well and come out of it successfully. The results show that the average profitability and efficiency of Canadian banks decreased slightly during the pandemic period, but it was not significant. In addition, during this period, business risk has increased slightly, but this situation has gradually returned to normal. Plus, some indicators such as the average of ROE, ROI, EPS, etc. after passing the initial shock, they have found a better position than the pre-crisis. Considering the newness of the pandemic and the lack of similar knowledge and experience that has surprised people, the results of this research contribute to the theoretical development of the literature, and its results can be used in the financial, banking, and commercial fields. Since the basis of the investigations was limited to the data of only three banks, therefore, it should be a little cautious in generalizing the results.
Outflow Kinematics Manifested by the Hα Line: Gas Outflows in Type 2 AGNs. IV.

Energetic ionized gas outflows driven by active galactic nuclei (AGNs) have been studied as a key phenomenon related to AGN feedback. To probe the kinematics of the gas in the narrow-line region, [O iii] λ5007 has been utilized in a number of studies showing nonvirial kinematic properties due to AGN outflows. In this paper, we statistically investigate whether the Hα emission line is influenced by AGN-driven outflows by measuring the kinematic properties based on the Hα line profile and comparing them with those of [O iii]. Using the spatially integrated spectra of ∼37,000 Type 2 AGNs at z < 0.3 selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR7, we find a nonlinear correlation between Hα velocity dispersion and stellar velocity dispersion that reveals the presence of the nongravitational component, especially for AGNs with a wing component in Hα. The large Hα velocity dispersion and velocity shift of luminous AGNs are clear evidence of AGN outflow impacts on hydrogen gas, while relatively smaller kinematic properties compared to those of [O iii] imply that the observed outflow effect on the Hα line is weaker than the case of [O iii].
OGLE Collection of Galactic Cepheids

We present here a new major part of the OGLE Collection of Variable Stars - OGLE Collection of Galactic Cepheids. The new dataset was extracted from the Galaxy Variability Survey images - a dedicated large-scale survey of the Galactic disk and outer bulge conducted by the OGLE project since 2013. The OGLE collection contains 2718 Cepheids of all types - classical, type II and anomalous. It more than doubles the number of known Galactic classical Cepheids. Due to the long-term monitoring and large number of epochs the selected sample is very pure, generally free from contaminating stars of other types often mimicking Cepheids. Its completeness is high at 90% level for classical Cepheids - tested using recent samples of Galactic Cepheids: ASAS-SN, ATLAS, Gaia DR2 and Wise catalog of variable stars. Our comparisons indicate that the completeness of the two latter datasets, Gaia DR2 and Wise catalog, is very low, at < 10% level in the magnitude range of the OGLE GVS survey (10.8 < I < 19.5 mag). Both these samples are severely contaminated by non-Cepheids (the purity is 67% and 56%, respectively). We also present several interesting objects found in the new OGLE Collection - multi-mode pulsators, a first Galactic candidate for eclipsing system containing Cepheid, a binary Cepheid candidate.
Alcohol Withdrawal Is an Oxidative Stress Challenge for the Brain: Does It Pave the Way toward Severe Alcohol-Related Cognitive Impairment?

Alcohol use is a leading cause of mortality, brain morbidity, neurological complications and minor to major neurocognitive disorders. Alcohol-related neurocognitive disorders are consecutive to the direct effect of chronic and excessive alcohol use, but not only. Indeed, patients with severe alcohol use disorders (AUD) associated with pharmacological dependence suffer from repetitive events of alcohol withdrawal (AW). If those AW are not managed by adequate medical and pharmacological treatment, they may evolve into severe AW, or be complicated by epileptic seizure or delirium tremens (DT). In addition, we suggest that AW favors the occurrence of Wernicke’s encephalopathy (WE) in patients with known or unknown thiamine depletion. We reviewed the literature on oxidative stress as a core mechanism in brain suffering linked with those conditions: AW, epileptic seizure, DT and WE. Thus, we propose perspectives to further develop research projects aiming at better identifying oxidative stress brain damage related to AW, assessing the effect of repetitive episodes of AW, and their long-term cognitive consequences. This research field should develop neuroprotective strategies during AW itself or during the periwithdrawal period. This could contribute to the prevention of severe alcohol-related brain damage and cognitive impairments.
Investigating Domain-agnostic Performance in Activity Recognition using Accelerometer Data

Human activity recognition (HAR) models suffer significant performance degradation when faced with data heterogeneity (device, users, environments) at test time. Current approaches to this problem using domain adaptation or transfer learning attempt to improve performance in one specific target domain, often using data from said domain. Requiring access to data from the target domain is limiting and cannot be generally assumed. In addition, there is often no single target domain, but rather multiple ones arising from different sources of data heterogeneity. One way to achieve good performance in this setting would be to gather data from all potential domains the model may encounter at deployment - this is generally infeasible. This work presents the case for training models which are domain-agnostic, i.e., that generalise to unseen test domains. This requires a new way to evaluate models; we discuss a regime called leave-datasets-out, and present a starting benchmark for HAR using binary classification. Two state-of-the-art deep models in the literature are tested; they significantly under-perform in unseen domains when compared to their performance on seen domains. It is shown that under this new evaluation regime, a simple model with an appropriate inductive bias performs at least as well as two current deep models on the benchmark, with a p-value of 5.75x10− 4 and 0.13 when testing for a difference in mean accuracy, whilst being at least 10 times faster to train. Additionally, we provide evidence that domain diversity under certain conditions improves performance on both seen and unseen domains. We hope this work provides useful insights to further develop HAR models suitable for real world deployment.
The role of organisational exercise climate for physical activity promotion of employees with metabolic syndrome: Testing a psychosocial mediator model

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a widespread disease mainly caused by physical inactivity and associated with a significant risk of cardiometabolic disease. From a company perspective, the increasing prevalence is also of socio-economic importance, which is why approaches to effectively promote physical activity are of great interest. The current study aimed to examine a moderated mediation model in which organisational exercise climate facets (values and expectations, practises, communication) predict total physical activity via habit strength for physical activity as a mediating mechanism, and the strength of these associations is moderated by the level of self-control. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 165 employees with metabolic syndrome was recruited through a paper-pencil survey at the main Volkswagen plant (Wolfsburg, Germany). Multiple regression analyses, simple mediation analyses, and moderated mediation analyses were used to test our hypotheses. Results: Analyses indicated two ways in which organisational exercise climate (OEC) relates to employees' physical activity. First, simple mediation analyses showed that communication (OEC) is indirectly positive related to total physical activity through habit strength as a mediating mechanism. Second, moderated mediation analyses showed that organisational practises (OEC) are directly associated with higher levels of physical activity given employees have a high self-control capacity. Discussion: These results highlight the advantages of creating a favourable organisational exercise climate for improving physical activity. Organisational efforts to promote active lifestyles may particularly benefit from increased communication about physical activity and how to stay healthy by exercising, as well as organisational incentives for exercise (e.g., reduced membership in the gym, exercise breaks, running groups in the organisation). Take-home message: To support changes in employees’ lifestyles, creating a steadily supportive work environment via organisational exercise climate might be a useful approach. The role of organisational exercise climate for physical activity promotion of employees with metabolic syndrome: Testing a psychosocial mediator model. Sci.
Measurement of the Zero Crossing in a Feshbach Resonance of Fermionic 6Li

We measure a zero crossing in the scattering length of a mixture of the two lowest hyperfine states of 6 Li. To locate the zero crossing, we monitor the decrease in temperature and atom number arising from evaporation in a CO 2 laser trap as a function of magnetic field B. The temperature decrease and atom loss are minimized for B=52.8′0.4 mT, consistent with no evaporation. We also present preliminary calculations using potentials that have been constrained by the measured zero crossing and locate a broad Feshbach resonance at 86 mT, in agreement with previous theoretical predictions. In addition, our theoretical model predicts a second and much narrower Feshbach resonance near 55 mT.
Logistic Regression Models for Ordinal Response Variables

List of Tables and Figures Series Editor's Introduction Acknowledgments 1. Introduction Purpose of This Book Software and Syntax Organization of the Chapters 2. Context: Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Overview of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Practical Relevance of Ordinal Outcomes Variables in the Models 3. Background: Logistic Regression Overview of Logistic Regression Assessing Model Fit Interpreting the Model Measures of Association EXAMPLE 3.1: Logistic Regression Comparing Results Across Statistical Programs 4. The Cumulative (Proportional) Odds Model for Ordinal Outcomes Overview of the Cumulative Odds Model EXAMPLE 4.1: Cumulative Odds Model With a Single Explanatory Variable EXAMPLE 4.2: Full-Model Analysis of Cumulative Odds Assumption of Proportional Odds and Linearity in the Logit Alternatives to the Cumulative Odds Model EXAMPLE 4.3: Partial Proportional Odds 5. The Continuation Ratio Model Overview of the Continuation Ratio Model Link Functions Probabilities of Interest Directionality of Responses and Formation of the Continuation Ratios EXAMPLE 5.1: Continuation Ratio Model With Logit Link and Restructuring the Data EXAMPLE 5.2: Continuation Ratio Model With Complementary Log-Log Link Choice of Link and Equivalence of Two Clog-Log Models Choice of Approach for Continuation Ratio Models EXAMPLE 5.3: Full-Model Continuation Ratio Analyses for the ECLS-K Data 6. The Adjacent Categories Model Overview of the Adjacent Categories Model EXAMPLE 6.1: Gender-Only Model EXAMPLE 6.2: Adjacent Categories Model With Two Explanatory Variables EXAMPLE 6.3: Full Adjacent Categories Model Analysis 7. Conclusion Considerations for Further Study Notes Appendix A: Chapter 3 Appendix B: Chapter 4 Appendix C: Chapter 5 Appendix D: Chapter 6 References Index About the Author
Investigating the Impact of the Economic Crisis on Access to Health Services in Greece

The aim of this study was to investigate accessibility problems to healthcare services, especially for vulnerable groups, amid the economic crisis. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted between September 2015 and September 2016 with a convenient sample of the adult Greek population (N=1,919). Data was collected via a structured questionnaire with closed-ended questions, filled in through telephone interviews. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) and the two-sided p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant Results: Nearly one in five of the participants stated that they encountered problems in accessing and using health services, mainly in relation to accessing outpatient departments (43.4%), and emergency departments of public hospitals (17.2%). Almost half of the respondents (47.7%) reported that they did not use health services even though they needed them. The most important reason (apart from personal perceptions about the severity of the health problem) was due to cost (17.4%). Almost one out of ten (9.6%) reported having visited an Emergency Department for conditions that were not potentially life- threatening because they did not know where else to go (55.4%). Multivaried logistic regression analysis revealed that participants residing in the rest of Greece reported more frequently unmet health needs than those residing in Athens/Thessaloniki and participants with chronic health problems reported more frequently unmet health needs compared to participants without a chronic health problem (OR=1.28, 95% CI= 1.06-1.54, p = 0.009). Conclusions: Apart from the financial crisis, inherent structural problems of the health system, have negatively affected the access of Greek citizens to healthcare services indicating the necessity to transform the Greek health system into an accessible, effective and sustainable system based on citizens’ health care needs and evidence-based decisions.
Use of Superconducting Bearings to Measure the Polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

Measurements of the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation are expected to significantly increase our understanding of the early universe. We present a design for a CMB polarimeter in which a cryogenically cooled half wave plate rotates by means of a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) bearing. The design is optimized for implementation in MAXIPOL, a balloon-borne CMB polarimeter. A prototype bearing, consisting of commercially available ring-shaped permanent magnet and an array of YBCO bulk HTS material, has been constructed. We report on measurements of the coefficient of friction as a function of temperature between 15 and 80 K, of rotation frequency between 0.3 and 3.5 Hz, of levitation distance between 6 and 10 mm, and of ambient pressure between 1 and 10{sup -7} torr. The low rotational drag of the HTS bearing allows rotations for long periods of time with minimal input power and negligible wear and tear thus making this technology suitable for a future satellite mission.