Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PWE-127 Two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trials of linaclotide in adults with irritable bowel syndrome: effects on quality of life

Introduction Linaclotide, a minimally absorbed guanylate cyclase-C receptor agonist, is an investigational drug for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) that has shown statistically significant improvements in abdominal and bowel symptoms in two Phase 3 clinical trials. IBS-C is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder that affects a significant portion of the population and leads to reduced quality of life (QOL). Methods Data evaluating the efficacy and safety of oral once-daily linaclotide 290 μg (N=748) vs placebo (N=742) in patients with IBS-C were pooled from two Phase 3 clinical trials. Patients meeting modified Rome II criteria for IBS-C were randomised to receive either linaclotide or placebo treatment for 12 weeks. The Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life (IBS-QOL) questionnaire, comprising 34 items, each with a 5-point response scale (1= “not at all” through to 5= “extremely” or “a great deal”), was completed at baseline and also at the end of the treatment period. The IBS-QOL is scored “overall” and by eight subscales (Dysphoria, Interference with Activity, Body Image, Health Worry, Food Avoidance, Social Reaction, Sexual and Relationships). The change from baseline to week 12 scores were analysed using an analysis of covariance model. The IBS-QOL response rates (ie, patients with ≥10-point and ≥14-point increase) for the treatment groups were compared using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel stratified by geographical region. Results The changes from baseline in the IBS-QOL “overall” score and seven of the eight subscale scores (Dysphoria, Body Image, Health Worry, Food Avoidance, Social Reaction, Sexual and Relationships) were statistically significant for linaclotide-treated patients vs placebo-treated patients (p<0.0001 for each comparison). The percentage of responders for the IBS-QOL “overall” score was statistically significantly greater for linaclotide-treated patients vs placebo-treated patients at week 12 (64.3% linaclotide-treated patients vs 52.6% placebo-treated patients for ≥10-point change; 53.8% linaclotide-treated patients vs 39.1% placebo-treated patients for ≥14-point change). The most common adverse event among linaclotide-treated patients was diarrhoea. Conclusion Compared with placebo, once-daily linaclotide treatment for 12 weeks significantly improved “overall” QOL scores and seven out of eight important QOL domains, as measured by the IBS-QOL, in adults with IBS-C. Competing interests R T Carson Employee of: Forest Research Institute, S Tourkodimitris Employee of: Forest Research Institute, B E Lewis Employee of: Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, J M Johnston Employee of: Ironwood Pharmaceuticals.
Cognitive processes involved in similarity judgments of emotions.

This article challenges the prevailing, semantic view of the cognitive processes underlying similarity judgments of emotions, which assumes that these judgments are based on a property comparison process. An alternative view is proposed, according to which judgments of emotion similarity reflect impressions of the degree of co-occurrence of emotions in everyday life. This episodic model of similarity judgments was compared in 2 studies with the main existing elaborations of the semantic view, the dimensional model and the feature model. Results were best in line with the episodic model. Study 1 revealed asymmetries in directional similarity judgments that were systematically related to episodic information (i.e., the frequency of emotions) but unrelated to semantic information (i.e., number of features of the emotion concepts). Study 2 replicated the central findings of Study 1 and showed that they held good at the level of individual participants. Findings add to other recent evidence supporting the episodic model of similarity judgments of emotions.
Evaluation on toxicological security of new polyoxometalates NCW-6

Objective To evaluate the safety of a polyoxometalates NCW-6 and clarify the toxicity and potential hazard of NCW-6.Methods Orally acute toxicity test and teratogenic sensitivity test of NCW-6 were performed according to the pre-clinical toxicological evaluation for new drugs.In acute toxicity test,the healthy Kunming mice were randomly divided into 7 groups(n=10) with half of male and female,the maximum dose was 6 000.00 mg·kg-1 and the minimum dose was 4 000.00 mg·kg-1 with 400.00 mg·kg-1 class interval.The representation of mice was observed 14 d after administered by oral gavage once and the death number was recorded and the LD50 was calculated.In teratogenic sensitivity test,the pregnant rats were ramdomly divided into 5 groups and there were 20 rats in each group at least.The NCW-6 doses were 91.7,366.8 and 1 467.5 mg·kg-1 in three treatment groups.5 mL·kg-1 distilled water was administered in negative control group,continuously by oral gavage 5-16 d after pregnantcy,once a day;130 mg·kg-1 retinoic acid was administered by oral gavage on the 10th day after pregnancy.The pregnant rats were killed by cervical dislocation on the 20th day,the number of corpus luteum,implantation,live fetuses,resorption fetuses and dead fetuses were recorded.The weight,body length,tail length and appearence of fetal rats were observed.The osteological features examination and organ features examination were performed in fetal rats with half of male and female.Results In acute toxicity test,the LD50 of NCW-6 was 5 869.9 mg·kg-1.The results of teratogenic sensitivity test showed that the body weight and weight gain of pregnant rats in three treatment groups had no significant differences compared with negative control group(P 0.05);the average fetal weight,body length,tail length and the average birth weight,litter weight of fetal rats in treatment groups had no significant differences compared with negative control group(P 0.05);and the appearance,visceral deformity rate and bone malformation rate of fetal rats in treatment groups had no significant differences compared with negative control group(P 0.05). Conclusion NCW-6 has no toxicity and no teratogenic effects on rats,which deserves further research.
The correlate study of the gestational age and the fetal cerebellum volume measured by virtual organ computer aided analysis of three-dimensional ultrasound

Objective:To measure fetal cerebellum volume by using virtual organ computer aided analysis(VOCALTM) of three-dimensional ultrasound. Methods:176 healthy pregnant women with gestational age between 19 to 38 weeks were enrolled in this study. Using two-dimensional mode to find the plane of transverse cerebellum diameter,then changed to the three-dimensional mode.The fetal cerebellum was scaned by three-dimentional ultrasound,and the volume would measured by the program of VOCALTM. Results:The fetal cerebellum volume changed with gestational age. The cerebellum volume increased from 1.258 cm3 at 19 weeks to 18.913 cm3 at 38 weeks in average,R2=0.9938. Conclusion:The fetal cerebellum volume could be measured by virtual organ computer aided analysis of three-dimensional ultrasound. The fetal cerebellum volume changed with the gestational age.
Preterm Birth and Associated Factors among Mothers Who Gave Birth in Gondar Town Health Institutions

Background. The birth of a preterm infant has a greater risk of developmental disabilities, health, and growth problems than infants born at full term. The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of preterm birth Northwest Ethiopia, Gondar town health institutions. Methods. Facility based cross section study was undertaken. Systematic sampling was used to select 540 study participants. Both bivariate and multiple logistic regression were fitted. Variables with value < 0.05 and 95% CI in multivariate were considered statistically significant. Result. This study showed that 4.4% from the total 540 mothers gave a preterm birth. The covariates of pregnancy induced hypertension (AOR 5.36 (95% CI 1.8, 15.96)) and being HIV positive (AOR 3.4 (95% CI 1.25, 9.2)) were found to be significantly associated with preterm birth. Conclusion. The main factors for preterm birth were pregnancy induced hypertension and being HIV positive. Therefore, still efforts have to be made to decrease the prevalence of preterm birth and for timely management of pregnancy induced hypertension and identifying pregnant women at the risk of preterm delivery like HIV positive women and proving quality of healthcare may decrease the rate of preterm birth and its consequences.
As práticas de governança corporativa diminuem o gerenciamento de resultados? Evidências a partir da aversão na divulgação de prejuízos e de queda nos lucros

The paper evaluated if the practices professed by the highest level of governance in Sao Paulo Stock Exchange, Brazil, reduces the earnings management. Comparing the histograms of the quarterly earnings of the companies belonging Novo Mercado with the distribution of earnings released by other companies, we conclude that the discretion for avoiding both earnings losses and decreases are more frequent to traditional companies, evidencing that the practices professed by this level of governance diminishes, but don’t avoid this discretion. We also conclude that earnings management are more often employed for avoiding losses than for avoiding earnings decreases.
The influence of cognitive load on self-presentation : Can cognitive busyness help as well as harm social performance?

Extra cognitive loads can hinder challenging self-presentations by usurping needed cognitive resources but also may sometimes improve them by shifting attention away from negative self-preoccupation. In Study 1, extraverts and introverts participated in an interview in which they presented themselves as either extraverted or introverted. Congruent self-presentations, which should be cognitively nondemanding, were unaffected by a cognitive busyness manipulation (rehearsing an 8-digit number). However, incongruent self-presentations were affected by busyness. Busyness decreased the effectiveness of extraverts who tried to appear introverted but increased the effectiveness of introverts who tried to appear extraverted. Study 2 found that introverts, who also tend to be socially anxious, reported less public self-consciousness and fewer negative self-focused thoughts when they were busy than when they were not busy.
Regulatory Capture, Public Interest, and the Public Agenda: Toward a Synthesis: Comments

Michael Levine and Jennifer Forrence show quite well that neither the "capture" nor "public interest" view of regulation is adequate. Their critique of the literature is useful and provides a sound basis for launching their ambitious inquiry. Their call for a synthesis is a welcome one-one in which, I might add, Roger Noll has joined, most recently in the Brookings Papers on Economic Activity (Noll:48-58). As Levine and Forrence seek to account for regulatory outcomes, they challenge us to think about why we have some outcomes and not others. We would all agree, I think, with the authors that we need to better explain when regulators are captured or act in the general interest. If we are to understand regulatory outcomes, we must explore in greater depth some of the subjects that Levine and Forrence raise in the latter part of their paper-namely, agenda-setting, slack, political dominance, and testability of hypotheses. I will consider each in turn. To account for regulatory outcomes, as this article seeks to do, I believe it is important to understand how issues become part of the public agenda. If, as Levine and Forrence argue, whether a regulatory outcome is captured or Burkean depends on whether the issue is on the public agenda, then we must attempt to understand how various actors seek to manipulate the pub-
The Limits of Intimate Citizenship: Reproduction of Difference in Flemish‐Ethiopian ‘Adoption Cultures’

The concept of 'intimate citizenship' stresses the right of people to choose how they organize their personal lives and claim identities. Support and interest groups are seen as playing an important role in the pursuit of recognition for these intimate choices, by elaborating visible and positive cultures that invade broader public spheres. Most studies on intimate citizenship take into consideration the exclusions these groups encounter when negotiating their differences with society at large. However, much less attention is paid to the ways in which these groups internalize the surrounding ideologies, identity categories and hierarchies that pervade society and constrain their recognition as full citizens. In contrast, this paper aims to emphasize the reproduction of otherness within alternative spheres of life, and to reveal the ambiguities and complexities involved in their dialectic relationship with society at large. To address this issue, the paper focuses on the role that 'adoption cultures' of Flemish adoptive parents with children from Ethiopia play in the pursuit of being recognized as 'proper' families and full citizens. The ethnographic research among adoptive parents and adoption professionals shows a defensive discourse and action that aims at empowering against potential problems, as well as a tendency to other the adoptive child by pathologizing its non-normativity. By showing the strong embeddedness of adoptive families' practices of familial and cultural construction in larger cultural frames of selfing and othering, characterized by biologism and nativism, one begins to understand the limits of their capacity to realize full citizenship.
Teen fatherhood: A preliminary study of young Latino men as fathers

This qualitative research, with a quantitative component, examined the contributing factors that lead to engaged versus disengaged parenting among Latino teen fathers. The Latino teen fathers were surveyed. Demographic data was collected and questions were asked calling for a five-point Likert-type scale response. An interview collected data on the perspectives and experiences of the respondents. The study considered the type of relationship the respondents had with their child and family of origin. The selfperception and parenting of the Latino teen fathers were also examined. It was hypothesized that young fathers who engaged in their parenting role feel a positive connection with their own parents/family. As an alternative hypothesis, young fathers who are disengaged from their parenting role have a negative connection with their parents/family. Frequency statistics were employed to analyze the data and for presentation of the findings. These findings supported the hypothesis that Latino teen fathers engaged in their parenting role feel a positive connection with their parents. Also these findings provide a realistic view of Latino teen fathers, which can assist in developing programs to serve them appropriately.
The effects of collective kinesiotherapy on anxiety and depression in COPD patients at stable stage

Objective:To investigate the effects of collective kinesiotherapy on anxiety and depression in COPD patients at stable stage. Method: Fifty-seven patients at stable moderate COPD (FEV1/FVC 70% and 30% FEV1/predictive FEV180%) were randomly divided into control group (CG) and collective kinesiotherapy group (KG). The KG group took 8-week intensive training course. Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the Borg scale were assessed before and after the trial. Result:In KG group SAS scores declined from 33.24±4.74 to 31.55±4.00;SDS scores dropped from 30.07±5.99 to 27.48±6.91(P0.05); Borg scale dropped from 3.45±1.84 to 1.72±0.70(P0.001). Conclusion: Collective kinesiotherapy can relieve the anxiety and depression in COPD patients at stable stage.
Living Arrangements and Living Willingness of the Aged Population

Based on the 2011 China Social Survey data,this paper had analyzed the living arrangements and living willingness of the Chinese aged population.The survey results show that the family size of the elderly population is shrinking and the proportion living alone of the aged family increased both in urban and rural areas.Health conditions have significant impact on the living willingness.When the elders can take care of themselves,there is relatively higher proportion of living alone.When they cannot take care themselves the proportion of the urban aged population expected to live in the aged institution or live with their children.From the analysis of factors affecting the willingness,marital status,level of education,type of residence,the cost of living sources have a significant influence the living arrangements.
Correspondence Among Older Drivers' Perceptions, Abilities, and Behaviors

To examine correspondence among perceptions, abilities, and behaviors, 71 drivers (aged 63–93 years) completed the Driving Comfort Scales and measures of perceived abilities, driving frequency, and avoidance. A subgroup (n = 42) also completed vision, reaction time, mobility, executive skills, and visual attention tasks. Driving patterns were more strongly related to perceived comfort and abilities than to objective performance. Drivers with discrepancies between perceived abilities and actual abilities (indicating lack of awareness) were more confident and less likely to regulate their driving. Clinicians working with older drivers should assess their perceptions, particularly comfort level, in addition to driving-related abilities.
The Phonology of Tone and Intonation: Index

1. Pitch in humans and machines 2. Pitch in language I: stress and intonation 3. Pitch in language II: tone 4. Intonation and language 5. Paralinguistics: three biological codes 6. Downtrends 7. Tonal structures 8. Intonation in optimality theory 9. Northern Biskaian Basque 10. Tokyo Japanese 11. Scandinavian 12. The central Franconian tone 13. French 14. English I: phrasing and accent distribution 15. English II: tonal structure.
Analysis on associated factors,diagnosis and treatment of 1700 cases with chronic pancreatitis

Objective To retrospectively analyze diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis. Methods One thousand and seven hundreds patients with confirmed chronic pancreatitis in 21 hospitals were retrospectively studied,including their associated etiological factors,diagnostic and therapeutic methods.Results Among these patients,601 were alcoholic,576 were biliary diseases origin,which ac- counted for 35.4% and 33.9%,respectively.The most common symptom of chronic pancreatitis was abdominal pain.Some of patients accompanied by steatorrhoea and decreased body weight.Part of pa tients(239 cases)were diagnosed by histopathologic examination.Others were diagnosed by imaging techniques.Alleviation of symptoms was achieved with conservative management.Conclusions Alcohol consumption was the most common predisposing factor for chronic pancreatitis.Imaging techniques play the most important role in diagnosis of the disease,and non-operation managements were the main meth- ods for treatment of chronic pancreatitis.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOMECHANICAL SYMPTOMS OF POST TRAINING ADAPTATION TO PHYSICAL EFFORTS IN MALE FENCERS

Wstęp. Okres tre nin go wy po pra wia fi zycz ną ada pta cję, co prze ja wia się w lep szym po zio mie wy ko na nia te stów wy sił ko wych i/lub zmia nie re ak cji fi zjo lo gicz nych na wy sił ki. Ce lem pra cy by ło spraw dze nie uży tecz no ści pa ra me trów bio me cha nicz nych i fi zjo lo gicz nych, re je stro wa nych w te stach wy sił ko wych, do osza co wa nia po zio mu po tre nin go wej ada pta cji u szer mie rzy. Ma te riał i me to dy. Wy sił ko we ba da nia la bo ra to ryj ne prze pro wa dzo no dwu krot nie u czte rech szer mie rzy, przed i po 3-mie sięcz nym okre sie tre nin gów. Za wod ni cy w obu ter mi nach wy ko na li 10-se kun do wy mak sy mal ny wy si łek pierw sze go dnia, oraz stop nio wa ny test o tej sa mej w obu ter mi nach wzra sta ją cej in ten syw no ści (4 x 3 min), któ ry był wy ko ny wa ne w dniu na stęp nym. Oba te sty wy ko na no na er go me trze ro we ro wym. W te ście 10-se kun do wym re je stro wa no pa ra me try mo cy i pra cy, a przed i po wy sił ku o stop nio wa nej in ten syw no ści po bra no krew ka pi lar ną do ozna cze nia mle cza nu, kor ty zo lu i te sto ste ro nu. Wy ni ki. Pa ra me try mo cy i pra cy w te ście 10 s nie ule gły wi docz nym zmia nom po okre sie tre nin go wym, pod czas gdy czas uzy ska nia mo cy mak sy mal nej był o 19,7% krót szy, czas utrzy ma nia mo cy o 33,6% dłu ższy, a spa dek mo cy (tzw. wskaź nik zmę cze nia) zma lał o 12,3%. Fi zjo lo gicz ne symp to my ada pta cji ujaw ni ły się na stęp ne go dnia w cza sie te stu o wzra sta ją cej in ten syw no ści. Po okre sie tre nin go wym tęt no mak sy mal ne by ło nie co ni ższe (o 2,5%), przed i po wy sił ko we stę że nia kor ty zo lu oraz przed wy sił ko we stę że nie te sto ste ro nu by ły ob ni żo ne. Wnio ski. Wy ni ki su ge ru ją uży tecz ność obu te stów wy sił ko wych do mo ni to ro wa nia po tre nin go wych efek tów tre nin go wych, ale bar dziej wia ry god ne apli ka cje wy ma ga ją ba dań prze pro wa dzo nych na więk szej pró bie.
TCM Comprehensive Nursing Intervention for the Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Objective:To explore the effect of TCM comprehensive nursing intervention on diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN). Method:All 92 patients were randomized into the control group and the treatment group.Both groups received basic treatment of diabetes mellitus,the control group received routine care and the treatment group TCM-featured care(syndrome differentiation and diets,emotional regulation,foot bath with herbs,foot massage and care according to the classifications) on the base of basic therapy of diabetes mellitus and routine care.Four weeks were one course of treatment.Result:Total effective rates of the treatment group and the control group were 93.5%and 71.7%respectively,the difference had statistical meaning(P0.05);the difference had statistical meaning in NCV between both groups(P0.05),the difference had statistical meaning between before and after treating in the treatment group(P0.05). Conclusion:TCM care could improve therapeutic effects of the treatment for DPN.
The Impact of Education on Smoking Refrain Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior on Shiraz High School Students’ Attitudes

Background: Smoking is one of the preventable causes of diseases as well as early deaths all around the world. In addition, conducting educational interventions plays a major role in preventing adolescents from smoking. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on preventing Shirazi students from smoking. Methods: In the present quasi-experimental study, 154 male students of the 2nd grade of high school from Shiraz were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling and randomly assigned to a control and an experimental group. The study data were collected through a questionnaire including the demographic information, questions on knowledge, and questions based on the components of the theory of planned behavior. After the pre-test, the intervention group underwent the educational intervention and after 2 months, both groups took part in the post-test. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software (v.11.5) and analyzed through the non-parametric tests of Mann-Whitney, Fisher, and Chi- square as well as Linear Multiple Logistic Regression. Results: No significant difference was observed between the two groups’ mean scores before the intervention. After the intervention, the intervention group’s scores of knowledge, attitude, intention, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control significantly increased. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior was highly effective in reducing Shirazi high school students’ intention to smoke.