Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early-Life Gut Microbiota Governs Susceptibility to Colitis via Microbial-Derived Ether Lipids

Localized intestine inflammation could induce short-term increases in colonic oxygenation and leads to increases in the aerobic bacteria population and reduction in the anaerobic bacteria population by changing the intestinal environment. However, the mechanisms involved and the associated functions of intestinal anaerobes in gut health still remain unclear. Here, we found that early-life depletion of gut microbiota exacerbated later colitis, while mid-life microbiota depletion showed partially reduced colitis. Notably, we observed that early-life gut microbiota depletion confers susceptibility to ferroptosis in colitis. In contrast, restitution of early-life microbiota conferred protection against colitis and inhibited ferroptosis triggered by gut microbiota dysbiosis. Similarly, colonization with anaerobic microbiota from young mice suppressed colitis. These results may attribute to high abundance of plasmalogen-positive (plasmalogen synthase [PlsA/R]-positive) anaerobes and plasmalogens (one of the common ether lipids) in young mice but reduced abundance in the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Early-life anaerobic bacteria elimination also resulted in the aggravation of colitis, while this aggravation phenotype was reverted by plasmalogen administration. Interestingly, plasmalogens inhibited ferroptosis triggered by microbiota dysbiosis. We further find that the alkenyl-ether group of plasmalogens was critical to colitis prevention and ferroptosis inhibition. These data point to one of the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota controls susceptibility to colitis and ferroptosis early in life via microbial-derived ether lipids.
The Interaction between Flavonoids and Intestinal Microbes: A Review

In recent years, research on the interaction between flavonoids and intestinal microbes have prompted a rash of food science, nutriology and biomedicine, complying with future research trends. The gut microbiota plays an essential role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and human health, but once the intestinal flora dysregulation occurs, it may contribute to various diseases. Flavonoids have shown a variety of physiological activities, and are metabolized or biotransformed by gut microbiota, thereby producing new metabolites that promote human health by modulating the composition and structure of intestinal flora. Herein, this review demonstrates the key notion of flavonoids as well as intestinal microbiota and dysbiosis, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding about how flavonoids regulate the diseases by gut microbiota. Emphasis is placed on the microbiota-flavonoid bidirectional interaction that affects the metabolic fate of flavonoids and their metabolites, thereby influencing their metabolic mechanism, biotransformation, bioavailability and bioactivity. Potentially by focusing on the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota as well as their metabolites such as bile acids, we discuss the influence mechanism of flavonoids on intestinal microbiota by protecting the intestinal barrier function and immune system. Additionally, the microbiota-flavonoid bidirectional interaction plays a crucial role in regulating various diseases. We explain the underlying regulation mechanism of several typical diseases including gastrointestinal diseases, obesity, diabetes and cancer, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and guideline for the promotion of gastrointestinal health as well as the treatment of diseases.
Fabrication of high-k/metal-gate MoS2 field-effect transistor by device isolation process utilizing Ar-plasma etching

We investigated a device isolation process for MoS2-based devices and fabricated high-k/metal-gate MoS2 MOSFETs. An Ar-ion etching process was utilized for the device isolation process. It circumvents damage in the device channel, as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. A top-gate MoS2 MOSFET was fabricated with a HfO2 thin film 16 nm thick as the gate insulator. Utilizing capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements, the capacitance equivalent thickness (CET) was estimated to be 5.36 nm, which indicates that a gate stack with the sufficiently thin insulator was successfully realized. The device exhibited a mobility of 25.3 cm2/(V·s), a subthreshold swing (SS) of 86.0 mV/decade, and an ON/OFF ratio of 107. This satisfactory device performance demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed device isolation process.
Dynamical processes related to cyclone development near Greenland

An unusual cyclone that moved over Greenland and caused blizzard conditions over eastern Greenland and northern Iceland on 20-21 September 2003 is investigated. Numerical simulations are conducted to assess the role of Greenland's orography for the development, as well as to evaluate the significance of other factors such as latent heating and sea surface temperature (SST). The simulations reveal that the cyclone evolution was crucially dependent on an interaction between the background flow and the orography of Greenland. When the orography is removed, a deep, well organized baroclinic low develops rapidly and moves eastward at 75°N. Conversely, in the control run, which is similar to the analyses, the evolution of the (primary) baroclinic low is greatly suppressed by the orographic retardation of the warm air ahead of and the cold air behind the low. Instead, a secondary low developing off Greenland's east coast at 68°N intensifies due to a coupling between an approaching upper level PV-anomaly and a lower level PV-anomaly generated from lee effects. This secondary low, absent in the run without orography, then moves eastward and causes the extreme weather conditions that were observed. Inversion of selected potential vorticity anomalies lends support to the above explanation. Further sensitivity experiments show that latent heating contributes about half of the deepening of the low, while SST amounts contribute much less.
A 2-Gb/s UWB Transceiver for Short-Range Reconfigurable FDD Wireless Networks

This article presents a ultra-wideband (UWB)-based wireless transceiver (TRX) in a reconfigurable frequency-division duplexing (FDD) wireless network for short-range multicast applications. The TRX operates at the 7–10-GHz band, adopts a digital-process-friendly architecture, and delivers up to 2-Gb/s data rate in 500-MHz channel bandwidth. The measured power consumption is 19.8 mW at the 8-GHz channel, resulting in a best-in-class energy efficiency of 9.9 pJ/b for sub-10-GHz wireless TRXs. The TRX outputs −5.5-dBm power and achieves −67.5-dBm sensitivity at 1 Gb/s. Having a coherent TRX architecture, it can tolerate self-interference during FDD operation with 1-dB receiver de-sensitization and close-in −26-dBm Wi-Fi blockers with 3-dB de-sensitization.
Viscosity of Dispersed and Aggregated Suspensions of Spheres

Viscosities of suspensions of dispersed spheres and permanent aggregates ranging from doublets and triplets to clusters composed of a very large average number of spheres are reported. In all cases, glass spheres of a very narrow distribution of particle diameter were used and the suspending fluid was a chlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor). Results were obtained using a Couette type viscometer as a function of volume fraction of the dispersed phase. In addition, measurements on the aggregated systems were made as a function of the number of spheres per aggregate with the average aggregate size controlled over a relatively narrow range. Aggregates were obtained by a sintering and sieving technique. For the larger aggregates the shape was generally elliptical. This is the first time rheological data has been reported for suspensions with a dispersed phase composed entirely of permanent aggregates of controlled size, size distribution, and shape. The results for the dispersed and aggregated systems, with concentra.
Investigation of particle transport in JT-60 using a perturbation method

Particle transport in JT-60 was investigated with a simple perturbation method. From an analysis of the sawtooth induced density perturbations, it was found that the particle diffusivity has an inverse dependence on the electron density and that the measured diffusion coefficients correspond to the values obtained from the analysis of pellet induced perturbations. Also, from an analysis of the density and the heat pulse propagations, the ratio of the electron thermal diffusivity and the particle diffusivity, χe/D, was estimated to be about four. These experimental results were compared with the drift wave transport models.
The solution of time‐dependent population models

We analyze the dynamics of age‐structured population renewal when vital rates make a transition in a finite time interval from arbitrary initial values to any specified final values. The general solution to the renewal equation in such cases is obtained. This solution describes the birth sequence explicitly, and also leads to a general formula for population momentum. We show that the duration of the transition determines the complexity of the solution for the birth sequence. For transitions that are completed in a time smaller than the maximum age of reproduction, we show that the classical Lotka solution found in every textbook also applies, with a small modification, to the time‐dependent case. Our results substantially extend previous work that has often focused on instantaneous transitions or on slow and infinitely persistent change in vital rates.
Nonclassical fields with singularities on a moving surface

Fields with singularities on a moving surface S with boundary ∂S can be represented as distributions which have their support concentrated on S and ∂S. This paper considers such fields of the form F={ f }+λδS, where { f } is the distribution determined by a field f and λδS is a Dirac delta distribution with density λ concentrated on the tube S swept out by the moving surface. A straightforward calculation of the distributional gradient, curl, divergence, and time derivative of such fields yields fields of the following general form: G={ g } +αδS +βδ∂S +γ∇n(⋅)δS. The density α is shown to contain all the information which is customarily presented in the jump conditions for fields with singularities at a moving interface. Examples from electromagnetic field theory are presented to show the significance of the other terms { g }, βδ∂S, and γ∇n(⋅)δS.
Stochastic Approximations via Large Deviations: Asymptotic Properties

Asymptotic properties of Robbins–Munro and Kiefer–Wolfowitz type stochastic approximation algorithms are obtained via the theory of large deviations. The conditions are weak and can even yield w.p.l. convergence results. The probability of escape of the iterates from a neighborhood of a stable point of the algorithm is estimated and shown to be considerably smaller than suggested by the classical “asymptotic normality of local normalized errors” method of getting the asymptotic properties. The escape probabilities are a natural quantity of interest. In many applications, they are more useful than the “local normalized mean square errors. ” Other large deviations estimates are also obtained. Typically, if ${{a_n = 1} / {n^\rho }}$, $\rho \leqq 1$, then the probability of escape from a neighborhood of a stable point in some (normalized) time interval $[n,m]:\sum_n^m {a_i \sim T} $ is $\exp - n^\rho V_\rho $, where $V_\rho $ does not depend on $\rho $ for $\rho < 1$ and is the solution to an optimal control p.
Time scale of intrinsic resistive fluctuations in thin superconducting wires

A thermal-activation theory of intrinsic fluctuations in thin superconducting wires has been proposed by Langer and Ambegaokar (LA). Their fluctuation rate equals an exponential activation factor ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}F}{{k}_{B}T}}$ times a prefactor $\ensuremath{\Omega}$ which fixes the fluctuation time scale. Using a model based upon a time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation, we obtain a new estimate of $\ensuremath{\Omega}$ which is different in functional form from the LA estimate, and smaller than that estimate by more than 10 orders of magnitude for the conditions in recent experiments. To within corrections which are roughly of order unity, our expression is $\ensuremath{\Omega}=(\frac{L}{\ensuremath{\xi}})\frac{{(\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}F}{{k}_{B}T})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{\ensuremath{\tau}}$, where ($\frac{L}{\ensuremath{\xi}}$) is the length of the sample in units of the Ginzburg-Landau coherence length $\ensuremath{\xi}$, ${(\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}F}{{k}_{B}T})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ is a correction for overlap of fluctuations at different places along the wire, and $\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\approx}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ sec is the relaxation time in the Ginzburg-Landau equation. Although our specific expressions have been derived from a time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory, we expect from general physical arguments that they are relatively insensitive to the starting model.
Comparison of numerical methods for solving Liapunov matrix equations

Abstract A numerical comparison is made of most published methods for solving the linear matrix equations which arise when a quadratic form Liapunov function is applied to a constant linear system (continuous or discrete, real or complex). Generally, for the real equations direct methods are satisfactory for systems of order ten or less, whereas for larger order systems iterative methods (based upon expressing the solution in terms of an infinite series) are to be preferred. For the complex equations the most convenient numerical method uses an explicit representation for the solution in terms of the eigenvalues and vectors of the system matrix. If the system matrix is in companion form then algorithms taking account of this structure offer minor improvements.
A theoretical study of mutual neutralization in Li? + H? collisions

First principles calculations of mutual neutralization in and collisions have been performed for low energies (0.68-50.0 eV). A diabatic representation is used for eight electronic states determined directly within an ab initio calculation. For the comparison with the recent merged-beam experiment the finite acceptance angle of the detector has been taken into account. An improved ionic diabatic curve, corrected for deficiencies in the ab initio electron affinity of H, has also been used. The large cross section at low energy for this mutual neutralization is due predominantly to the almost optimal efficiency for the non-adiabatic transition to the neutral Li(3s)H(1s) state. The calculated cross section exceeds experiment by no more than about 20%, indicating that the neutral-ionic diabatic crossings and couplings are accurately evaluated by the ab initio approach.
Spin-liquid phase in spin-1/2 square J1-J2 Heisenberg model: A tensor product state approach

The ground state phase of spin-1/2 J_1-J_2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on square lattice in the maximally frustrated regime (J_2 ~ 0.5J_1) has been debated for decades. Here we study this model by using a recently proposed novel numerical method - the cluster update algorithm for tensor product states (TPSs). The ground state energies at finite sizes and in the thermodynamic limit (with finite size scaling) are in good agreement with the state of art exact diagonalization study, and the energy differences between these two studies are of the order of 10^{-3}J_1 per site. At the largest bond dimension available D (D=9), we find a paramagnetic ground state without any valence bond solid order in the thermodynamic limit in the range of 0.5 < J_2/J_1 < 0.6, which implies the emergence of a spin-liquid phase. Furthermore, we investigate the topologically ordered nature of such a spin-liquid phase by measuring a nonzero topological entanglement entropy.
Optimizing Antiviral Dosing for HSV and CMV Treatment in Immunocompromised Patients

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are DNA viruses that are common among humans. Severely immunocompromised patients are at increased risk of developing HSV or CMV disease due to a weakened immune system. Antiviral therapy can be challenging because these drugs have a narrow therapeutic window and show significant pharmacokinetic variability. Above that, immunocompromised patients have various comorbidities like impaired renal function and are exposed to polypharmacy. This scoping review discusses the current pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) knowledge of antiviral drugs for HSV and CMV treatment in immunocompromised patients. HSV and CMV treatment guidelines are discussed, and multiple treatment interventions are proposed: early detection of drug resistance; optimization of dose to target concentration by therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of nucleoside analogs; the introduction of new antiviral drugs; alternation between compounds with different toxicity profiles; and combinations of synergistic antiviral drugs. This research will also serve as guidance for future research, which should focus on prospective evaluation of the benefit of each of these interventions in randomized controlled trials.
Detection of Copper by the ChemCam Instrument Along Curiosity's Traverse in Gale Crater, Mars: Elevated Abundances in Glen Torridon

Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy, as utilized by the ChemCam instrument onboard the Curiosity rover, detected enhanced abundances of the element copper. Since landing in Gale crater (6 August 2012), 10 enhancements in copper abundance were observed during 3007 Martian days (sols) of rover operations and 24 km of driving (as of 20 January 2021). The most prominent ones were found in the Kimberley area on the crater floor (Aeolis Palus) and in Glen Torridon (GT) on the lower flanks of Aeolis Mons (Mt. Sharp). Enhancements in copper record the former existence of modestly acidic and oxidizing fluids, which were more oxidizing in Kimberley than in GT. Of the two main types of bedrock in the lowest part of GT, Mg‐rich “coherent” and K‐rich “rubbly” (named based on their outcrop expression), copper was detected only in coherent, not in rubbly bedrock. The difference between these two types of bedrock may be due to difference in provenance. Alternatively, based on a recently developed lacustrine‐groundwater mixing model, we suggest that rubbly bedrock was altered by modestly acidic, shallow‐subsurface lake water that leached out both copper and manganese, while coherent bedrock was affected by dominantly alkaline fluids which would be consistent with its mineralogical composition (including siderite) as returned by the CheMin instrument onboard the rover. Higher up in GT, ChemCam data indicated significant gradients in the copper concentration in coherent bedrock on a local scale of only a few meters, which suggests a different alteration style and possibly different types of diagenetic fluids.
The interaction of long and short internal gravity waves: theory and experiment

An analysis is presented which describes the slow-time evolution of an internal gravity wave in an arbitrarily specified stratification. The weakly nonlinear description of a single-wave mode, governed by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, breaks down when certain resonant conditions are satisfied. One such condition occurs when the group velocity of the wavetrain is equal to the phase velocity of a higher-mode long wave of the system. The resonant interaction occurs on a faster time scale and is described by a coupled pair of nonlinear partial differential equations governing the evolution of both the short-wave and the long-wave modes. This long-wave/short-wave interaction is pursued further in an experimental investigation by measuring the modal interchange of energy between two internal waves of disparate length and time scales. The resulting data are compared with numerical solutions of the long-wave/short-wave resonant interaction equations. In general, the agreement between the theory and the experiment is reasonably good in the range of operating conditions for which the theory is valid.
Adapting the Community Readiness Model and Validating a Community Readiness Tool for Childhood Obesity Prevention Programs in Iran

Objectives It is critical to assess community readiness (CR) when implementing childhood obesity prevention programs to ensure their eventual success and sustainability. Multiple tools have been developed based on various conceptions of readiness. One of the most widely used and flexible tools is based on the community readiness model (CRM). This study aimed to adapt the CRM and assess the validity of a community readiness tool (CRT) for childhood obesity prevention programs in Iran. Methods A Delphi study that included 26 individuals with expertise in 8 different subject areas was conducted to adapt the CRM into a theoretical framework for developing a CRT. After linguistic validation was conducted for a 35-question CR interview guide, the modified interview guide was evaluated for its content and face validity. The quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed using Stata version 13 and MAXQDA 2010, respectively. Results The Delphi panelists confirmed the necessity/appropriateness and adequacy of all 6 CRM dimensions. The Persian version of the interview guide was then modified based on the qualitative results of the Delphi study, and 2 more questions were added to the community climate dimension of the original CRT. All questions in the modified version had acceptable content and face validity. The final CR interview guide included 37 questions across 6 CRM dimensions. Conclusions By adapting the CRM and confirming linguistic, content, and face validity, the present study devised a CRT for childhood obesity prevention programs that can be used in relevant studies in Iran.
Drop dynamics in an oscillating extensional flow at finite Reynolds numbers

A viscous drop deforming in a planar oscillating extensional flow is numerically simulated using a front-tracking finite-difference method. The effects of periodic forcing and interfacial tension are studied at low but finite inertia. The oscillation leads to decreased deformation and bounded drop shapes for conditions for which steady extension results in drop breakup. The drop displays a resonance phenomenon where the deformation reaches a maximum when the forcing frequency matches the natural frequency of the drop. The large deformation at resonance indicates a possible mechanism for size selective breakup by flows with appropriate fluctuation frequency. The detail structure of the flow at different time instants within a period for various values of interfacial tension and frequency is investigated. The drop dynamics shows a complex phase relation with the forcing flow. Competition between the inertia-induced dynamic pressure and the viscous stresses leads to both positive and negative values of the p.
MARKETING CURRICULUM DESIGN AND CAREER OUTCOMES

ABSTRACT Undergraduate marketing degrees have been shown to have the same impact on post-graduation income for marketing jobs as non-marketing undergraduate degrees for similar marketing jobs. Moreover, having a marketing degree has been shown to not impact long-term career satisfaction. However, previous research has not accounted for the possible differential impact of curriculum design on post-graduation income and long-term career satisfaction. In other words, not all marketing programs are the same. In this paper, we describe an innovative yearlong marketing honors program that uses six best practices drawn from the marketing education literature in its design and implementation. We then compare the starting salaries after college and current career satisfaction of graduates from the marketing honors program with those of graduates from a non-honors marketing program in the same university. We demonstrate the differential impact of course-level, programmatic, and extra-curricular design choices on career outcomes. Implications are then discussed that impact marketing curriculum design.