Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fractional dynamics of coronavirus with comorbidity via Caputo-Fabrizio derivative

Coronavirus and its associated comorbidities have been the drivers of many deaths across the globe in recent times. Individuals with underlying medical conditions are at higher risk of becoming critically ill and developing complications if they are infected with the Coronavirus. In this paper, a Caputo-Fabrizio fractionalorder model of coronavirus disease with comorbidity is formulated to access the impact of comorbidity diseases on COVID-19 transmission using both a fractional-order as well as a stochastic approach. Exponential law is utilized to present the existence and uniqueness of solutions using the fixed-point theory. The fractional stochastic approach is adopted to examine the same model to explore the random effect. Numerical simulations are used to support the theoretical results and the simulation results suggest that the increase of comorbidity development and the fractional-order derivative factor simultaneously increases the prevalence of the infection and the spread of the disease. The fractional stochastic numerical results suggest that the prediction of infection rate is more stochastic than deterministic. © 2022 the author(s).
An Analysis of the Links between Smoking and BMI in Adolescents: A Moving Average Approach to Establishing the Statistical Relationship between Quantitative and Dichotomous Variables

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of smoking on BMI in male adolescents and explore the relationship between smoking status and diet. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study into the health and diet of adolescents was carried out based on a representative sample of 375 vocational school male students aged 16–17 in the city of Chelyabinsk (Russian Federation). The students and their parents filled out verified questionnaires on their socioeconomic status, diet, and smoking status. Students’ height and body weight were measured. A comparative analysis of diets was performed between groups of smokers and non-smokers (149 and 226 individuals, respectively), and the relationship between smoking, body mass index, and actual diet was estimated. The methods used included descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, comparison of proportions, and moving average. Results: Non-smoking adolescent boys tended to have excess body mass compared with smokers (19.0% and 12.1%, respectively). Smokers (adolescent boys) consumed less meat, cereals, beans, and cheeses and more sweet beverages, added sugar, coffee, and alcohol. The bulk of the smokers’ diet was composed of carbohydrates (p = 0.026) and, to a lesser extent, proteins (p = 0.006). Conclusions: Significant differences were discovered in the diet between smokers and non-smokers (among adolescent boys), and smoking was associated with several indicators of unhealthy diet patterns. This is an important conclusion for developing a future program that could additionally protect at-risk groups of adolescents.
Vegetation and macrozoobenthos diversity in the Percut Sei Tuan mangrove forest, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Hasibuan IM, Amelia R, Bimantara Y, Susetya IE, Susilowati A, Basyuni M. 2021. Vegetation and macrozoobenthos diversity in the Percut Sei Tuan mangrove forest, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5600-5608. The mangrove forest offers a habitat for a variety of marine species, including macrozoobenthos. Macrozoobenthos live at the bottom of the waters on hard to muddy substrates, where they break down mangrove debris, ensuring microorganisms' ease in decomposing organic matter into inorganic materials that provide nutrients to producers in the water. The study aimed to determine the vegetation and macrozoobenthos diversity in the Percut Sei Tuan mangrove forest, North Sumatra, Indonesia. This research was executed with vegetation analysis, employing a sampling method in the form of plots, as many as three transects and 66 plots. The sampling of macrozoobenthos was conducted on the substrate surface, roots, and mangrove trunk for three stations and nine plots with a size of 1 m x 1 m. We found 10 true mangrove species where Avicennia marina was the most abundant, found at each seedling, sapling, and tree-stage with an important value index (IVI) of 64.62%, 75.73%, and 92.12%, respectively. Overall, the number of individuals in the species found was 1666.67/Ha at the seedling stage, 1090.91/Ha at the sapling stage, and 842.42/Ha at the tree stage. Seven macrozoobenthos species were found and classified into four classes of Gastropoda, Polychaeta, Mollusca, and Arthropoda, with population abundance values being 9.33 ind/m2 at a station I, 7.44 ind/m2 at station II, and 8.78 ind/m2 at station III. The diversity index (H') of the observed location was determined to be 1.63-2.06, which was classified into the medium category, while H' macrozoobenthos ranging from 1.54-1.81 were classified into the low to moderate category. The observed parameters' physical and chemical factors presented that the condition of the waters in the research area is still considered suitable for supporting macrozoobenthos life, with dissolved oxygen being strongly correlated to macrozoobenthos diversity.
How We Manage Myelofibrosis Candidates for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

Moving from indication to transplantation is a critical process in myelofibrosis. Most of guidelines specifically focus on either myelofibrosis disease or transplant procedure, and, currently, no distinct indication for the management of MF candidates to transplant is available. Nevertheless, this period of time is crucial for the transplant outcome because engraftment, non-relapse mortality, and relapse incidence are greatly dependent upon the pre-transplant management. Based on these premises, in this review, we will go through the path of identification of the MF patients suitable for a transplant, by using disease-specific prognostic scores, and the evaluation of eligibility for a transplant, based on performance, comorbidity, and other combined tools. Then, we will focus on the process of donor and conditioning regimens’ choice. The pre-transplant management of splenomegaly and constitutional symptoms, cytopenias, iron overload and transplant timing will be comprehensively discussed. The principal aim of this review is, therefore, to give a practical guidance for managing MF patients who are potential candidates for allo-HCT.
Applicability of RPMI 2650 and Calu-3 Cell Models for Evaluation of Nasal Formulations

The RPMI 2650 and Calu-3 cell lines have been previously evaluated as models of the nasal and airway epithelial barrier, and they have demonstrated the potential to be used in drug permeation studies. However, limited data exist on the utilization of these two cell models for the assessment of nasal formulations. In our study, we tested these cell lines for the evaluation of in vitro permeation of intranasally administered drugs having a local and systemic effect from different solution- and suspension-based formulations to observe how the effects of formulations reflect on the measured in vitro drug permeability. Both models were shown to be sufficiently discriminative and able to reveal the effect of formulation compositions on drug permeability, as they demonstrated differences in the in vitro drug permeation comparable to the in vivo bioavailability. Good correlation with the available bioavailability data was also established for a limited number of drugs formulated as intranasal solutions. The investigated cell lines can be applied to the evaluation of in vitro permeation of intranasally administered drugs with a local and systemic effect from solution- and suspension-based formulations.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Deficiency Malnutrition in the Health District of Guédiawaye, Senegal

Introduction: Deficiency malnutrition poses a real public health problem, especially in developing countries. The objective of this study is to assess: (a) the prevalence of deficiency malnutrition in its various forms in children aged 6 - 59 months living in Guédiawaye and (b) its determinants. Materials and Methods: This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study took place from September 1 to October 30, 2020 throughout the district of Guédiawaye in community. The study population consisted of children aged 6 - 59 months. Sampling with no survey was carried out and the total sample consisted of 603 subjects. Results: Twenty-nine point three percent (29.3%) of the children were acutely malnourished, 20.4% chronically malnourished, and 25.5% were underweight. Early breastfeeding was performed in 62.7% of children and 97.1% had received exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months. The factors associated with acute malnutrition were: the number of children ≥3 (pvalue = 0.001), non-consumption of vegetables (pvalue = 0.020), non-consumption of meat / offal / poultry (pvalue = 0.032), consumption of condiments / spices (pvalue = 0.000), presence of fever during the last weeks preceding the survey (pvalue = 0.010), non-washing of hands when leaving the toilet (pvalue = 0.010) and incomplete immunization status ( Pvalue = 0.00). The factors associated with chronic malnutrition were female sex (pvalue = 0.003), non-consumption of meat / offal / poultry (pvalue = 0.001), presence of diarrhoea during the last two weeks preceding the survey (pvalue = 0.021) and incomplete vaccination status (Pvalue = 0.000). The factors associated with underweight were: uneducated father (pvalue = 0.005), number of children ≥ 1 (pvalue = 0.028), lack of dietary diversification at 6 months (pvalu = 0.042), non-consumption of meat / offal / poultry (pvalue = 0.000), the presence of diarrhoea during the last weeks preceding the survey (pvalue = 0.001), and incomplete vaccination status (Pvalue = 0.000). Conclusion: The prevalence of deficiency malnutrition, whatever its form, remains high among children in Guédiawaye. Promoting good dietary practices, improving hygiene conditions and monitoring nutritional status in immunization units could help fight malnutrition.
Host range studies of Fusarium oxysporum, causal agent of seedling wilt disease of Acacia mangium

Abstract. Soleha S, Muslim A, Suwandi S, Kadir S, Pratama R. 2021. Host range studies of Fusarium oxysporum, causal agent of seedling wilt disease of Acacia mangium. Biodiversitas 23: 25-32. Fusarium oxysporum is a serious pathogen that causes severe wilt disease in commercial nurseries of Acacia mangium in South Sumatra, Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate the host range of F. oxysporum as a nursery wilt pathogen in A. mangium and several forest and industrial plants. Three isolates of F. oxysporum with different translation elongation factor (tef 1-a) sequences were tested for pathogenicity on different fabaceae family plants and the growth of population was also observed. The results showed that all the three isolates were able to infect all the tested plants with different reactions of wilt disease. The Acacia crassicarpa and Falcataria moluccana were highly susceptible; Archidendron pauciflorum, Leucaena leucocephala, and Parkia speciosa were moderately vulnerable and Acacia auriculiformis was moderately resistant. The pathogen population in A. crassicarpa and F. moluccana grew rapidly along with the increase in disease scores, while in L. leucocephala it was moderate, and slow in A. pauciflorum, P. speciosa and A. auriculiformis plants. In conclusion, F. oxysporum pathogen, which was isolated from A. mangium, has a wide range of hosts in the fabaceae family.
Biomass, pigment production, and nutrient uptake of Chlorella sp. under different photoperiods

Abstract. Fakhri M, Riyani E, Ekawati AW, Arifin NB, Yuniarti A, Widyawati Y, Saputra IK, Samuel PD, Arif MZ, Hariati AM. 2021. Biomass, pigment production, and nutrient uptake of Chlorella sp. under different photoperiods. Biodiversitas 22: 5344-5349. Chlorella sp. is well-known as a functional feed in fish culture and has been utilized in the food industry. In phototrophic cultivation, photoperiod plays a fundamental part in the growth and pigment content of microalgae. This work was purposed to evaluate the effect of light:dark cycle on the growth rate, production of biomass and pigment and nutrient utilization of Chlorella sp. Four photoperiods (8:16, 12:12, 18:6, and 24:0 h light:dark regimes) under a constant light intensity of 4500 lux were applied in this study. The results demonstrated that increasing light duration led to increased cell growth, biomass, and pigment production of Chlorella sp. The best cell concentration, specific growth rate, and biomass production were 28.5 x 106 cells mL-1, 1.47 day-1, and 0.815 g L-1 dry weight, respectively, under continuous illumination. The maximum chlorophyll a of 19.205 mg L-1 and carotenoid of 4.656 mg L-1 were obtained at 24:0 h photoperiod. The highest uptake of nitrate (66.331%) and phosphate (76.191%) by Chlorella sp. were achieved under 24 h light regime. Improving the uptake of nutrients resulted in enhanced growth and pigment content of Chlorella sp. We conclude that continuous illumination is the best photoperiod to produce biomass and pigment and improve the nutrient removal of Chlorella sp.
Benzodiazepine as an Antihypertensive Agent on Adult and Elderly: A Review

The relationship between benzodiazepine and hypertension has long been known and well-documented, but, the character of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A and GABA-like peripheral receptors (PBR complexes) in blood pressure regulation is intricate. However, this ‘literature review’-facilitated argumentative paper went through an inclusive view into past studies, meta-analyses and case studies that had underlined the potential antihypertensive roles of benzodiazepines, which exert their antihypertensive mechanisms through GABA-A receptors in the CNS alongside PNS and GABA like receptors (PBR Complexes) in vasoactive smooth muscles and blood vessels via “tempering anion channels (Ca++ channels)” as well as “modulating glucocorticoid synthesis” in many parts including suprarenal gland and brain by directly acting on PBR complexes of inner mitochondrial membrane close to voltage-gated anion channels and cholesterol transports along with “exerting adenosine reuptake inhibitor” activities throughout the CVS including coronary vessels that could potentially prevent morbidity and CVDs in hypertensive elderly. Despite benzodiazepine’s antihypertensive effects on multiple cardiovascular clinical incidences and emergencies including their use as a prophylaxis for hypertensive elderly and adult, very few past studies were found to have addressed benzodiazepine’s antihypertensive action, that remains a critical limitation and challenge to this paper, as its motto is to find out the correlation between benzodiazepine and their CVS effects alongside the risks and benefits of benzodiazepine in hypertensive patients, in particular in elderly. Despite the limitations, this paper had reached a conclusion following an argument on findings of past studies, that, certain benzodiazepines could be useful as an antihypertensive agent with or without conventional anti-HTN. However, in case of elderly, often antidepressants are prescribed in patients with hypertension despite their increasing risks, but use of benzodiazepines in elderly could decrease a number of risks and therefore it could be said that benzodiazepines are comparatively safer to use in elderly as an antihypertensive, while before introducing antidepressants, the patients’ history should provide enough evidences that the risks such as suicidal ideation, mania and exacerbation of underlying psychological disorders might not be outweighing the benefits. Alongside this, it could also be said that the long- and centrally-acting benzodiazepines such as Diazepam and Clonazepam act better to lower mean BP in both adults and elderly, but those exerting both peripheral and central actions to reduce mean BP such as intermediate-acting bromazepam, showed better response in elderly. However, further researches ought to be conducted to reach a comprehensive resolution.
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis following COVID-19 Vaccination: Analysis of 552 Worldwide Cases

To date, billions of vaccine doses have been administered to restrain the current COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. Rare side effects, including intravascular blood clots, were reported in the general population after vaccination. Among these, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) has been considered the most serious one. To shed further light on such an event, we conducted a literature search for case descriptions of CVST in vaccinated people. Findings were analyzed with emphasis on demographic characteristics, type of vaccine, site of thrombosis, clinical and histopathological findings. From 258 potential articles published till September 2021, 41 studies were retrieved for a total of 552 patients. Of these, 492 patients (89.1%) had received AZD1222/Vaxzevria, 45 (8.2%) BNT162b2/CX-024414 Spikevax, 15 (2.7%) JNJ-78436735, and 2 (0.3%) Covishield vaccine. CVST occurred in 382 women and 170 men (mean aged 44 years), and the median timing from the shot was 9 days (range 2–45). Thrombi were predominantly seen in transverse (84%), sigmoid (66%), and/or superior sagittal (56%) sinuses. Brain injury (chiefly intracranial bleeding) occurred in 32% of cases. Of 426 patients with detailed clinical course, 63% were discharged in good clinical conditions, at times with variable neurological sequelae, whereas 37% deceased, largely due to brain injury. This narrative review confirmed CVST as a rare event after (adenoviral vector) COVID-19 vaccination, with a women/men rate ratio of 2.25. Though the pathogenesis of thrombosis is still under discussion, currently available histopathological findings likely indicate an underlying immune vasculitis.
Projected Changes in Socioeconomic Exposure to Heatwaves in South Asia Under Changing Climate

The risk of heatwave events and their persistence has intensified in recent past and is expected to increase faster in future. However, the anticipated changes in socioeconomic exposure to heatwaves are still unexplored. Here, we investigate the projected heat stress and associated socioeconomic exposure across South Asia (SA) and its subregions using the newly released ensemble mean of 23 global climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), population, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) projections. We used two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), namely SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5, and three‐time periods, that is, near‐term, midterm, and long‐term relative to the base period (1985–2005). We found that SA region has the potential for widespread changes to Wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) of 6.5°C, which can exceed the theoretical limits of human tolerance by the mid of 21st century. The SA population's exposure significantly increases during midterm and long‐term periods by ∼ 750×106 $750\times {10}^{6}$ person‐hours under the SSP5‐8.5 scenario. The GDP exposure is the greatest for the same period's up to 200×109 $200\times {10}^{9}$ dollar‐hours under the SSP2‐4.5. Moreover, the foothills Himalayans and northern parts of Pakistan are presently unaffected by WBGT during midterm and long‐term periods under both scenarios. Among subregions (hereafter R1, R2, R3, and R4), the frequency of subdaily WBGT is projected to increase in the region R2 and R4 by ∼70% and ∼90% under the SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5 scenarios relative to the base period. The highest upsurge in exposure is anticipated for R2, including southern Pakistan and southwestern India, followed by R1 and R3. Notably, the climate effect is more dominant than the population, whereas changes in GDP effect contribute to the total change in GDP exposure.
Factors Affecting the Management of Stunting in Banten Province

Indonesia had the 5th highest prevalence of stunting among toddlers in Asia in 2018 with 30.8%. Banten is a province where handling stunting has been made a priority. Apart from leading to stunted growth, stunting is also associated with less than optimal brain development, which causes poor mental and learning abilities, and poor school performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with stunting prevention in Banten province. The questionnaire used in this study was created by the researchers and contained 45 questions. This was a randomized controlled clinical trial. The independent variables were specific interventions (nutrition, environmental sanitation, clean water, family latrines), and the dependent variable was stunting prevention. Respondents in this study included 276 toddlers. Height was obtained by measuring the average height of the children before and after administration of the interventions. Statistical analysis was through the t test. According to the results, there was a significant relationship between sanitation of the home environment and family income with the incidence of stunting in children under five in Banten province. It is therefore recommended that the Government should form a nutrition kitchen in each posyandu. Keywords: management of stunting countermeasures, height, weight, sensitive nutrition, toddler
Visualizations of Fusion of Electro Optical (EO) and Passive Radio-Frequency (PRF) Data

In machine learning, the ability to reliably determine potential pitfalls in the decision making process of an algorithm is essential. In previous research, the fusion of passive radio frequency (P-RF) histograms generated from in-phase quadrature component (I/Q) data and enhanced electro-optical (EO) data are fused together in order to implement classification and tracking of different vehicle targets using the AFRL's ESCAPE dataset. In previous research, the impact of the P-RF data was confirmed to essential for achieving a higher performance when fused with EO data. This research, however, did not provide an intuitive means by which inferences and explanations for a human expert could interpret. In this paper, saliency maps are implemented in order to visualize the impact of P-RF data in the fusion model and thereby confirm the role the different modalities play in the heterogeneous sensor fusion in an intuitive manner. These visualizations provide context for which pixels activate neurons in the final layer of the model. Overlaying the two modality inputs with respect to time, the method presented in this paper is able to provide explainability for the fusion model while also achieving an F1 score of 0.9. The research in this paper uses the distribution and frequency of the appearance of different types of visualizations. Combined this with context from the scenarios with respect to the timeline of events, it becomes possible to draw inferences for how the two modalities are utilized by the fusion model.