Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surface Free Energy, Interaction, and Adsorption of Calcium and Phosphate to Enamel Treated with Trimetaphosphate and Glycerophosphate

This study aimed to evaluate the surface (γ<sub>s</sub>) and interaction (ΔG<sub>iwi</sub>) free energy and calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) and phosphate (PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>) adsorption to dental enamel treated with sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) or calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP) that had or had not been exposed to CaPO<sub>4</sub>-containing solutions. Bovine enamel blocks (n = 192; 24 blocks/group) were treated (2 mL/block; 2 min) with TMP (0%, 1%, 3%, and 9%) and CaGP (0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1%) or exposed to a CaPO<sub>4</sub>-containing solution. The adsorption of these compounds by enamel was assessed before and after treatment. γ<sub>s</sub> and ΔG<sub>iwi</sub> and their apolar (γ<sub>s</sub><sup>LW</sup> and ΔG<sub>iwi</sub><sup>LW</sup>) and polar (γ<sub>s</sub><sup>AB</sup> and ΔG<sub>iwi</sub><sup>AB</sup>) components and acid-base interactions (γ<sub>s</sub><sup>+</sup>/γ<sub>s</sub><sup>−</sup>) were determined by the contact angles. The data were subjected to ANOVA, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.05). The adsorption of TMP was dose dependent (p < 0.001), and it reduced γ<sub>s</sub> and γ<sub>s</sub><sup>AB</sup> and increased ΔG<sub>iwi</sub><sup>AB</sup> (ΔG<sub>iwi</sub> > 0) and γ<sub>s</sub><sup>−</sup> when compared with the group without TMP (p < 0.001). The immersion in CaPO<sub>4</sub>-containing solution increased γ<sub>s</sub> and γ<sub>s</sub><sup>AB</sup> and reduced ΔG<sub>iwi</sub><sup>AB</sup> (ΔG<sub>iwi</sub> > 0) and γ<sub>s</sub><sup>−</sup> (p < 0.001). There was a correlation between the adsorption of TMP and Ca<sup>2+</sup> (r = 0.916; p < 0.001) and PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> (r = 0.899; p < 0.001). The adsorption of CaGP on the enamel was dose dependent (p < 0.001), reducing γ<sub>s</sub>, ΔG<sub>iwi</sub><sup>AB</sup> (ΔG<sub>iwi</sub> < 0), γ<sub>s</sub><sup>LW</sup>, and γ<sub>s</sub><sup>−</sup> when compared to the group without CaGP (p < 0.001). When exposed to the CaPO<sub>4</sub>-containing solution, there was an increase in ΔG<sub>iwi</sub><sup>AB</sup> (ΔG<sub>iwi</sub> > 0), γ<sub>s</sub><sup>LW</sup>, and γ<sub>s</sub><sup>−</sup> and a decrease in γ<sub>s</sub><sup>AB</sup> (p < 0.001) without adsorption of Ca<sup>2+</sup> by enamel. It may be concluded that TMP and CaGP were adsorbed onto the enamel, producing hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, respectively. TMP produces electron donor sites that induce Ca<sup>2+</sup> adsorption, while CaGP releases Ca<sup>2+</sup> into the medium.
Atypical imaging presentation of herpes simplex virus encephalitis in paediatric immunocompromised oncology patients

We aim to assess the imaging manifestations of brain involvement in paediatric immunocompromised patients with haematological malignancies on chemotherapy presenting with encephalitis and positive HSV CSF PCR. We also aim to determine whether our findings are similar or different to those described in literature for paediatric patients in general.
First description of the nest and juveniles of the Coppery Metaltail (Metallura theresiae), with comments on hummingbird nestling obesity

ABSTRACT I provide the first description of the nest and juveniles of the Coppery Metaltail (Metallura theresiae), a hummingbird endemic to Peru. The locality of Unchog, in the elfin forest of the Carpish mountains in Huánuco, is where I found this species nesting. My descriptions are based on 4 nests found on different occasions (April 2013, January 2014, and Jul–Aug 2014). Coppery Metaltail used mainly moss, lichen, lycopodium, and twigs as materials to build their nests. I found 3 nest locations: a tree branch, creek banks, and an abandoned hut. The mean internal diameter of nests was 34.45 mm long by 42.52 mm wide (n = 4). I only measured the depth of 3 of them (mean = 33.83 mm). Metaltail eggs were white and had a mean of 12.93 by 8.3 mm (n = 2). Fledglings (n = 2) were observed in July and one of them reached up to 144% the mass of an adult. I comment on other cases of nestling obesity for different species of hummingbirds. The Coppery Metaltail selects different substrates for nesting and might reproduce throughout the year.
Addressing ethical confusion in deceased donation and transplantation research: the need for dedicated guidance

Innovative research in deceased donation and transplantation often presents ethical challenges for researchers and those responsible for ethical governance of research. These challenges have been recognized as potential barriers to the conduct of research. We review the literature to identify and describe ethical considerations that may cause confusion or uncertainty in the context of research involving potential deceased donors or deceased donor transplantation. We normatively examine these considerations and discuss their implications for the ethical conduct of research. In addition to the complexities of research involving critically ill, dying or recently deceased individuals, uncertainty may arise regarding the ethical status of various individuals who may be involved in research aimed at improving availability and outcomes of organ transplantation. Consequently, routine ethical guidelines for clinical research may fail to provide clear guidance with regards to the design, conduct and governance of some deceased donation or transplantation studies. Ethical uncertainty may result in delays or barriers to research, or neglect of important ethical considerations. Specific ethical guidance is needed to support research in deceased donation and transplantation as the ethical considerations that arise in the design and conduct of such research may not be addressed in the existing guidelines for human research.
Assessing personal protective equipment needs for healthcare workers

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is critical for healthcare workers (HCWs) since it acts as a barrier to infection transmission; however, current PPE is not ideally suited to their needs due to limitations in protection and comfort. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify major issues of current PPE for body protection and assess its needs within health care.
ON COMPLEX ECONOMIC SCENARIO GENERATORS: IS LESS MORE?

Abstract This article proposes a complex economic scenario generator that nests versions of well-known actuarial frameworks. The generator estimation relies on the Bayesian paradigm and accounts for both model and parameter uncertainty via Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. So, to the question is less more? , we answer maybe, but it depends on your criteria. From an in-sample fit perspective, on the one hand, a complex economic scenario generator seems better. From the conservatism, forecasting and coverage perspectives, on the other hand, the situation is less clear: having more complex models for the short rate, term structure and stock index returns is clearly beneficial. However, that is not the case for inflation and the dividend yield.
Fertility Projections in a European Context: A Survey of Current Practices among Statistical Agencies

Abstract Projection studies have often focused on mortality and, more recently, migration. Fertility is less studied, although even small changes can have significant repercussions for the size and age structure of future populations. Across Europe, there is no consensus on how fertility is best projected. In this article, we identify different approaches used to project fertility among statistical agencies in Europe and provide an assessment of the different approaches according to the producers themselves. Data were collected using a mixed-method approach. First, European statistical agencies answered a questionnaire regarding fertility projection practices. Second, an in-depth review of select countries was performed. Most agencies combine formal models with expert opinion. While many attempt to maximise the use of relevant inputs, there is more variation in the detail of outputs, with some agencies unable to account for changing age patterns. In a context of limited resources, most are satisfied with their approaches, though some are assessing alternative methodologies to improve accuracy and increase transparency. This study highlights the diversity of approaches used in fertility projections across Europe. Such knowledge may be useful to statistical agencies as they consider, test and implement different approaches, perhaps in collaboration with other agencies and the wider scientific community.
Favorable Prognostic Impact of Cathepsin H (CTSH) High Expression in Thyroid Carcinoma

Background Presently, no study reported the function of cathepsin H (CTSH) in thyroid carcinoma (THCA). The aim of present study was to initially explore the factors affecting CTSH expression, and association between CTSH expression and survival rate in THCA. Methods We explored mRNA expression of CTSH in normal and BRCA tissues, and evaluated prognostic impact of CTSH expression on the overall survival of THCA patients. Then, related factors influencing CTSH mRNA expression in THCA were analyzed. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to reveal the potential function of CTSH involved in THCA. We also constructed PPI network among co-expressed genes of CTSH to determine hub genes, followed by association analysis on hub genes with CTSH. Results (1) CTSH mRNA was highly expressed in THCA compared with normal group (P<0.001). High expression of CTSH was conducive to the overall survival of THCA patients (P=0.0027). CTSH was then determined as an independent prognostic factor in THCA (P=0.024). (2) The mRNA expression of CTSH was statistically related to patient’s histological type, N stage, T stage, tumor stage and sample type (all P<0.001). CTSH copy number variation and methylation also influenced its mRNA expression (all P<0.001). (3) Pathway analysis indicated that CTSH mainly participated in cancer-related pathways, such as hedgehog signaling pathway, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction and JAK-STAT signaling pathway (all P<0.05). (4) The top 10 co-expressed genes in whole PPI network showed significant correlation with CTSH expression (all P<0.001). Conclusion CTSH higher expression was observed in THCA, which caused a good prognosis of patients. CTSH expression might be regulated by multiple factors including clinical characteristic, methylation, copy number and other genes. This study demonstrated the clinical significance of CTSH in THCA, as well as revealed the potential pathway associated with CTSH involved in thyroid cancer.
Funerary Practices as a Testimony of Ideology in Western Linearbandkeramik Culture

Abstract The Linearbandkeramik (LBK) is behind the spread of the Neolithic way of life in a large part of Western Europe. This period is often regarded as the beginning of social inequalities whose ideological frameworks deserve to be highlighted. According to social anthropologists, funerary practices are relevant for this debate as they reflect the symbolic thought in relation to death. In addition, as they are perpetuated by the living, funerary practices are pertinent in addressing the ideological values, symbolic systems, and thoughts that support social organisation. Whilst examining how grave goods are allocated amongst the LBK population, we have identified a small group of dominant men characterised by a specific burial kit (adzes, arrows, lighter set, and red deer antlers), a richer protein intake in diet, and their local origin. Comparing them to other social categories characterised by minor marking of identity in grave goods, poorer protein intake in diet, and of diverse origin, we aim to explore the ideological frameworks and values sustaining the social LBK system. LBK dominant ideology appears to revolve around hunting and exploits in warfare, manhood, and virility, in short around violent behaviours perhaps linked to a territorial competition.
Contesting Cultural Imperialism: Hybridisation and Re-enactment of Indigenous Cultural Values in Nigerian Hip-Hop Music

Abstract Hybridisation, that is, the blending of different cultural elements to create a new cultural form and identity, has become a significant linguistic feature of hip-hop music in Nigeria. Existing studies have focused largely on the negative roles of hip-hop music describing it as a tool for cultural imperialism and fostering deviant behaviour among youths. However, sparse scholarly attention has been paid to the cultural significance of hybridisation in Nigerian hip-hop music for promoting indigenous cultural values, especially among the youths in such a culturally complex country. This article reports on a study that was designed to examine hybridisation in Nigerian hip-hop music with a specific focus on the Yoruba language which is prominently used in the genre. This was done to establish how the linguistic process has challenged the notion of cultural hegemony in a way capable of changing youths’ perception of their indigenous cultural values. Using a mixed-methods approach, the researchers administered 255 copies of a 17-item questionnaire to students at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. They also conducted five in-depth interviews with purposively selected hip-hop artistes and music producers in Ibadan, while they analysed the contents of 40 randomly selected Nigerian hip-hop music videos produced between 2010 and 2015. The findings of the study revealed a high level of hybridisation manifested as the blending of Yoruba cultural content into Nigerian hip-hop music. The study also established that hybridised hip-hop music, as a form of communication, exerts a positive influence on youths’ perception of indigenous culture and values.
The Comparison of Emergency Medical Service Responses to and Outcomes of Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in an Area of Korea

Background Since the declaration of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, COVID-19 has affected the responses of emergency medical service (EMS) systems to cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on EMS responses to and outcomes of adult OHCA in an area of South Korea. Methods This was a retrospective observational study of adult OHCA patients attended by EMS providers comparing the EMS responses to and outcomes of adult OHCA during the COVID-19 pandemic to those during the pre-COVID-19 period. Propensity score matching was used to compare the survival rates, and logistic regression analysis was used to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the survival of OHCA patients. Results A total of 891 patients in the pre-COVID-19 group and 1,063 patients in the COVID-19 group were included in the final analysis. During the COVID-19 period, the EMS call time was shifted to a later time period (16:00–24:00, P < 0.001), and the presence of an initial shockable rhythm was increased (pre-COVID-19 vs. COVID-19, 7.97% vs. 11.95%, P = 0.004). The number of tracheal intubations decreased (5.27% vs. 1.22%, P < 0.001), and the use of mechanical chest compression devices (30.53% vs. 44.59%, P < 0.001) and EMS response time (median [quartile 1-quartile 3], 7 [5–10] vs. 8 [6–11], P < 0.001) increased. After propensity score matching, the survival at admission rate (22.52% vs. 18.24%, P = 0.025), survival to discharge rate (7.77% vs. 5.52%, P = 0.056), and favorable neurological outcome (5.97% vs. 3.49%, P < 0.001) decreased. In the propensity score matching analysis of the impact of COVID-19, odds ratios of 0.768 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.592–0.995) for survival at admission and 0.693 (95% CI, 0.446–1.077) for survival to discharge were found. Conclusion During the COVID-19 period, there were significant changes in the EMS responses to OHCA. These changes are considered to be partly due to social distancing measures. As a result, the proportion of patients with an initial shockable rhythm in the COVID-19 period was greater than that in the pre-COVID-19 period, but the final survival rate and favorable neurological outcome were lower.
Tumor-Infiltrating PD-1hiCD8+-T-Cell Signature as an Effective Biomarker for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy Response Across Multiple Cancers

Background Stratification of patients who could benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is of much importance. PD-1hiCD8+ T cells represent a newly identified and effective biomarker for ICI therapy response biomarker in lung cancer. Accurately quantifying these T cells using commonly available RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data may extend their applications to more cancer types. Method We built a transcriptome signature of PD-1hiCD8+ T cells from bulk RNA-seq and single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. The signature was validated by flow cytometry and in independent datasets. The clinical applications of the signature were explored in non-small-cell lung cancer, melanoma, gastric cancer, urothelial cancer, and a mouse model of breast cancer samples treated with ICI, and systematically evaluated across 21 cancer types in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Its associations with other biomarkers were also determined. Results Signature scores could be used to identify the PD-1hiCD8+ T subset and were correlated with the fraction of PD-1hiCD8+ T cells in tumor tissue (Pearson correlation, R=0.76, p=0.0004). Furthermore, in the scRNA-seq dataset, we confirmed the capability of PD-1hiCD8+ T cells to secrete CXCL13, as well as their interactions with other immune cells. In 581 clinical samples and 204 mouse models treated with ICIs, high signature scores were associated with increased survival, and the signature achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic curve scores of 0.755 (ranging from 0.61 to 0.91) in predicting therapy response. In TCGA pan-cancer datasets, our signature scores were consistently correlated with therapy response (R=0.78, p<0.0001) and partially explained the diverse response rates among different cancer types. Finally, our signature generally outperformed other mRNA-based predictors and showed improved predictive performance when used in combination with tumor mutational burden (TMB). The signature score is available in the R package “PD1highCD8Tscore” (https://github.com/Liulab/PD1highCD8Tscore). Conclusion Through estimating the fraction of the PD-1hiCD8+ T cell, our signature could predict response to ICI therapy across multiple cancers and could serve as a complementary biomarker to TMB.
Association between systemic immune inflammation index and newly diagnosed adult celiac disease

Abstract Objectives The systemic immune inflammation index (SII) is a novel biomarker based on platelet, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts. SII serum levels have diagnostic, prognostic degrees and correlations with various immune, inflammatory diseases. Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated chronic enteropathy with inflammatory situations. Here we aimed to evaluate clinical significance of SII and to compare SII with other inflammatory markers in CD. Methods 161 pathologically confirmed CD and 75 dyspeptic patients were enrolled. Hemogram, biochemical markers, SII, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), mean platelet volume-to-platelet ratio (MPR) and monocyte-to-high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) were evaluated. Results There was a statistically significant difference between groups for SII (p<0.001). SII was statistically correlated with and superior to inflammatory markers in relation with CD. There were also statistically significant differences between groups for hsCRP, PLR, NLR, MPR, haemoglobin, platelet count, platelet volume distribution width, plateletcrit, ferritin, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol (p=0.034; 0.015; 0.032; <0.001; <0.001; <0.001; 0.030; 0.001; <0.001; <0.001; 0.048, respectively). Correlations between SII and NLR, PLR, MHR, hsCRP were statistically significant (p≤0.001; <0.001; 0.033; 0.030, respectively). ROC analysis was used to determine the optimal cut-off value for CD by SII. A baseline SII level >560.0 was associated with CD with 64% specificity, 78% sensitivity (p<0.001). Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study analyzed the diagnostic value of SII in CD. SII may serve as a beneficial marker for the diagnosis of inflammatory state superior to that of hsCRP, PLR, NLR, MHR, MPR and WBC.
Designing Videos With and for Adults With ADHD for an Online Intervention: Participatory Design Study and Thematic Analysis of Evaluation

Background Adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) represent a heterogeneous group with both strengths and difficulties associated with the diagnosis. An online intervention attuned to their needs may improve their everyday functioning. When designing online interventions, it is important to adapt the therapeutic content to the values and needs of the target group. Objective This paper describes and evaluates a participatory process used to produce content for an online intervention for adults with ADHD by producing video vignettes clarifying core training principles grounded in the participants' everyday experiences. Methods We report on the qualitative data from 2 research phases: the design and evaluation of video vignettes for an online intervention. In the first phase, 12 adults with ADHD, 2 clinicians, and 2 research assistants participated in the production of video vignettes for the online intervention. In the second phase, participants (n=109) gave feedback on the videos as part of a clinical trial of the intervention. A subgroup (n=7) was interviewed in-depth regarding their experiences with the videos. The qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results In the first phase, the participants with ADHD contributed with experiences from challenging everyday situations. In the process, we navigated between therapeutic principles and the participants' experiential perspectives to create content relevant and consistent with the target group's values and experiences. In the second phase, we identified 3 themes related to the participants' experiences and interpretation of the video vignettes: (1) recognition of ADHD-related challenges, (2) connection with the characters and the situations, and (3) video protagonists as companions and role models for change. Conclusions A participatory design process for designing online mental health interventions can be used to probe and balance between the therapeutic principles defined by clinicians and the participants’ experiences with mental health issues in the production of therapeutic content. In our study, the inclusion of video vignettes in an online intervention enabled a contextualized and relevant presentation of everyday experiences and psychosocial factors in the life of an adult with ADHD. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04511169; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04511169
On the breeding biology of the Blue-throated Hillstar (Oreotrochilus cyanolaemus), a recently discovered species from southern Ecuador

ABSTRACT We describe basic information about the nesting ecology of the recently discovered Blue-throated Hummingbird (Oreotrochilus cyanolaemus) based on a single nest found in Cerro de Arcos in the high Andes of southwestern Ecuador. The nest was located inside a small cave, attached to a rock wall, and was constructed with moss, rootlets, twigs, dry leaves, and black and white feathers, as well as soft down Puya sp. (Bromeliaceae) fibers. The nest contained 2 white, oval eggs. The fledglings left the nest to explore areas outside the cave 44 d after hatching; both fledglings already had the characteristic blue throat of male individuals. The Blue-throated Hillstar is a threatened species and its nesting area is currently affected by unmanaged tourism.