Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ON THE LIFE HISTORY AND VALIDITY OF THE SPECIES IN PSOROPTES, A GENUS OF MANGE MITES

The stages in the life cycle of P. cuniculi and other species or varieties in the genus are described. Host specificity currently attributed to the different types in Psoroptes is disproved, but differences exist in individual susceptibility. The six auricular types of psoroptic mites are reduced to two, and the five kinds of body mites to four. A dendrogram is included which shows the relations between the genera and species in Psoroptidae.
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SKIMMED MILK AND WHEY, ADDED AS NATURAL PROBIOTICS IN BROILER DIETS

Present study investigated the effect of adding either commercial or natural probiotics to broilers diets on growth performance, nutrients digestibility and economical efficiency. Avi-Bac (a probiotic product of concentrated lactic acid bacteria and enzymes) was used as a commercial probiotic, while fresh skimmed milk and whey were used as a natural probiotics. Nine hundred one-day-old unsexed Hubbard broiler chicks were randomly distributed into 6 experimental groups, of 150 broilers, with 3 replicates for each treatment group. All diets were formulated to contain the tested levels of both commercial and natural probiotics and were fed in a mash form. The experimental diets were fed in 2 phases: grower (1-4 wk) and finisher (5-6 wk). Avi-Bac was used at level of 0.1%, while skimmed milk or whey were added at levels of 0.5 or 1.0% of the diet. Water and feed were offered ad-libitum throughout the experimental period, which lasted 6-weeks. Broilers receiving the diets supplemented with commercial and natural probiotics showed significantly (P 0.05) in crude fiber digestibility. Also, the data showed that adding both natural or commercial probiotics to broiler diets improved the average values of calculated economical efficiency. The obtained results indicated that natural or commercial probiotic can be used as a growth promoter in broiler diets and it can improve performance, nutrient digestibility and economic efficiency of broilers.
Ezrin-dependent regulation of the actin cytoskeleton by β-dystroglycan

Dystroglycan is part of an adhesion receptor complex linking the extracellular matrix to the actin cytoskeleton. Previous studies have implicated dystroglycan in basement membrane formation and as a crucial link between dystrophin and laminin in muscle. We report here a further novel function for dystroglycan which appears to be in addition to its role as an adhesion molecule. β-dystroglycan has been localized to microvilli structures in a number of cell types where it associates with the cytoskeletal adaptor ezrin, through which it is able to modulate the actin cytoskeleton and induce peripheral filopodia and microvilli. Ezrin is able to interact with dystroglycan through a cluster of basic residues in the juxtamembrane region of dystroglycan, and mutation of these residues both prevents ezrin binding and the induction of actin-rich surface protrusions. These studies reveal novel functions and additional signalling roles for dystroglycan, raising the possibility of new avenues for therapeutic intervention in diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Performance of gerbera varieties in different growing media under coastal humid conditions of Goa.

The performance of gerbera varieties was evaluated in different growing media in naturally ventilated polyhouse under coastal humid conditions of Goa. Four varieties viz., Dalma, Dana Ellen, Rosalin and Savannah were grown on five growing media comprising soil with sand, FYM, vermicompost, rice husk and coco peat (3:1). Planting was done on 10m L × 0.75m W × 0.6m H beds in three rows at a distance of 30cm between plants and rows. Fertigation was applied through drip system with one nozzle near each plant. Plant, flower and morphological characters were evaluated. Savannah recorded the highest values for leaf length, leaf breadth, flower stalk length and number of petals per flower whereas Rosalin recorded highest fresh and dry weight of leaves and flower stalk circumference. The flower diameter was maximum in Dalma followed by Dana Ellen, Rosalin and Savannah. Among the five growing media evaluated, growth and flower quality were better in soil with vermicompost followed by soil with FYM. Dalma was the prolific bearer with 70.24 flowers/plant/year followed by Savannah and Rosalin. Growing media had no significant effect on yield of flowers per plant probably due to uniform fertigation given to all media.
Thyroid hormones, blood plasma metabolites and haematological parameters in relationship to milk yield in dairy cows

To study their relationship to milk yield, the concentrations, in jugular venous blood, of thyroxine iodine (T 4 I), thyroxine (T 4 ), 3,5,3'-tri-iodothyronine (T 3 ), glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, urea, haemoglobin and packed cell volume (PCV) have been measured in 36 cows (Simmental, Swiss Brown, Holstein and Simmental x Holstein) of different ages during a full lactation, pregnancy, dry period, parturition and 150 days of the ensuing lactation. Thyroid hormones and triglycerides were negatively, and total protein, globulin, cholesterol and phospholipids were positively, correlated with uncorrected or corrected milk yield during several periods of lactation, whereas glucose, NEFA, albumin, urea, haemoglobin and packed cell volume were not correlated with milk yield. The 10 animals with the highest milk yield (18-9 to 23-5 kg/day) exhibited significantly lower values of T 4 I, T 4 , T 3 and glucose, significantly higher levels of total protein and globulin and tended to have higher levels of NEFA than the 10 cows with the lowest milk yield (10-9 to 14-3 kg/day) throughout or during certain periods of lactation, whereas concentrations of triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, albumin, haemoglobin and PCV did not differ. Changes in T 4 I, T 4 , T 3 , glucose and total jprotein during lactation were also influenced by age, presumably associated with an increase in milk production with age. T 3 was consistently lowest and cholesterol and phospholipids, during later stages of lactation, were highest in Holsteins, which had the highest milk yields of all breeds. Changes of blood parameters were mainly caused by shifts in energy and protein metabolism in association with level of milk production.
Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) Signaling by Targeting the 55-Kilodalton TNF-α Receptor

ABSTRACT Infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) results in complex interactions between viral and cellular factors which perturb many cellular functions. HCMV is known to target the cell cycle, cellular transcription, and immunoregulation, and it is believed that this optimizes the cellular environment for viral DNA replication during productive infection or during carriage in the latently infected host. Here, we show that HCMV infection also prevents external signaling to the cell by disrupting the function of TNFRI, the 55-kDa receptor for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), one of the receptors for a potent cytokine involved in eliciting a wide spectrum of cellular responses, including antiviral responses. HCMV infection of fully permissive differentiated monocytic cell lines and U373 cells resulted in a reduction in cell surface expression of TNFRI. The reduction appeared to be due to relocalization of TNFRI from the cell surface and was reflected in the elimination of TNF-α-induced Jun kinase activity. Analysis of specific phases of infection suggested that viral early gene products were responsible for this relocalization. However, a mutant HCMV in which all viral gene products known to be involved in down-regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I were deleted still resulted in relocalization of TNFRI. Consequently, TNFRI relocalization by HCMV appears to be mediated by a novel viral early function not involved in down-regulation of cell surface MHC class I expression. We suggest that upon infection, HCMV isolates the cell from host-mediated signals, forcing the cell to respond only to virus-specific signals which optimize the cell for virus production and effect proviral responses from bystander cells.
Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Competition with Spring Wheat: Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilization on competition between wild oat (Avena fatua L. # AVEFA) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum ‘Anza’). Nitrogen fertilizer treatments were applied over several wild oat-wheat density combinations. Wheat grain yield in wild oat-infested plots generally declined with fertilization while the density of wild oat panicles increased. Apparently, in competition with wheat, wild oat was better able to utilize the added nitrogen and thus gained a competitive advantage over the wheat. The increased competitiveness of wild oat resulted in reduced crop yields. Under the conditions of these experiments, nitrogen fertilization resulted in positive wheat yield response only when the wild oat plant density was below 1.6 percent of the total plant density.
Seasonal prevalence of platyhelminthosis of sheep in Ganderbal area of Kashmir valley

Six hundred faecal samples of sheep from Ganderbal, Lar and Kangan tehsils of Ganderbal district were examined to determine the prevalence of platyhelminthic infection. Overall prevalence of platyhelminths was 28.50% with trematodes and cestodes in 18.66 and 11.83% animals, respectively. Moniezia spp. was the most prevalent platyhelminth (11.83%) followed by Dicrocoelium spp. (9.33%), paramphistomes (6.50%) and Fasciola spp. (4.66%). Seasonal variation revealed non significantly (P>0.05) higher infection during winter (36.00%) followed by spring (29.33%), summer (24.66%) and autumn (24.00%). Adult sheep had higher infection rate (29.58%) than lambs and hoggets (26.80%) where as infection rate was non significantly higher in female sheep (30.00%) compared to males (26.08%). Mixed infections were found in 2.83% of the animals with overall mixed infection being highest in summer (3.33%) while a uniform infection rate of 2.66% was found in autumn, winter and spring seasons.
ON THE POSITION OF COLIAS HAGENII, Edw

In Papilio, 3, 159, 1883, I described Colias Hagenii as a new species. I related that Mr. T.L. Mead had brought this butterfly from Colorado, in 1871, and that we both were then satisfied that it was not Philodice; that in the summer of 1883; Mr. H. W. Nash, at Pueblo, Col., had sent me some chrysalids of this form, and I noticed that the dorsum was marked by two longitudinal lines, which seemed to indicate sub-dorsal lines in the larva, and which are not present in the larva of Philodice; that I wrote Mr. Nash to observe as to that, and he soon replied that the larvae he then had on hand did show sub-dorsal lines such as are characteristic of many larvae of Eurytheme; that I had been unable to get live eggs from Pueblo subsequently that year, owing to the heat which destroyed them en route, but that Mr. Nash had made observations on the ground, and sent on larvae in alochol which showed broad sub-dorsal bands, that, he said, in life had red running through them.
Effects of growth hormone-releasing factors and cottonseed meal on hormones and metabolites in plasma from lambs fed lucerne chaff ad libitum

This study was part of an experiment on the effects of cottonseed meal (CSM) and growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) on growth in lambs fed lucerne chaff. Forty-eight crossbred lambs were fed lucerne chaff ad libitum, alone or with a cottonseed meal supplement (CSM; 300 g/day). Eight lambs from each group were injected twice daily with recombinant or synthetic GRF (rGRF and sGRF respectively; 30 8g per kg body weight/day) or excipient only for 28 or 30 days. Jugular blood samples were obtained on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. On day 29, blood samples were taken from selected lambs (n = 2/group) at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160 and 240 min after injection. Supplementation of lucerne chaff with CSM generally increased glucose and urea concentrations in plasma, reflecting improved energy and protein status. However, concentrations of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin were unaffected by CSM, as were plasma proteins, triacylglycerols and non-esterified fatty acids. Injection of rGRF and sGRF stimulated secretion of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin. Peak GH concentrations (20 min) following injection of GRF appeared to be higher in lambs fed CSM than in those receiving lucerne chaff alone. In contrast, maximal concentrations of IGF-1 were seen after 14 days of treatment. These changes were accompanied by increased plasma glucose, with no changes in triacylglycerols, non-esterified fatty acids and protein. Plasma urea was reduced by GRF, indicating that amino acids were diverted away from catabolism towards protein synthesis. These two sources of GRF were very similar in their endocrine and metabolic effects. This confirms similar observations regarding their effects on growth performance and carcass composition.
Spatio-temporal variability in ammonia oxidation and ammonia-oxidising bacteria and archaea in coastal sediments of the western English Channel

The abundance of ammonia-oxidising bacterial (AOB) and ammonia-oxidising archaeal (AOA) (amoA) genes and ammonia oxidation rates were compared bimonthly from July 2008 to May 2011 in 4 contrasting coastal sediments in the western English Channel. Despite a higher abundance of AOA amoA genes within all sediments and at all time-points, rates of ammo- nia oxidation correlated with AOB and not AOA amoA gene abundance. Sediment type was a major factor in determining both AOB amoA gene abundance and AOB community structure, pos- sibly due to deeper oxygen penetration into the sandier sediments, increasing the area available for ammonia oxidation. Decreases in AOB amoA gene abundance were evident during summer and autumn, with maximum abundance and ammonia oxidation rates occurring in winter and early spring. PCR-DGGE of AOB amoA genes indicated that no seasonal changes to community composition occurred; however, a gradual movement in community composition occurred at 3 of the sites studied. The lack of correlation between AOA amoA gene abundance and ammonium oxidation rates, or any other environmental variable measured, may be related to the higher spa- tial variation amongst measurements, obscuring temporal trends, or the bimonthly sampling, which may have been too infrequent to capture temporal variability in the deposition of fresh organic matter. Alternatively, AOA may respond to changing substrate concentrations by an increase or decrease in transcript rather than gene abundance.
ELECTROANTENNOGRAM RESPONSES OF APANTELES ANGALETI MUESEBECK, A PARASITOID OF Pectinophora gossypiella TO SYNOMONAL COMPOUNDS OF COTTON

Odour responses of males and females of the larval parasitoid Apanteles angaleti were studied by using an Electroantennogram (EAG) to the various synomonal extracts from the leaves, undamaged and damaged buds, and undamaged and damaged bolls of cotton variety LD 327. The hydrocarbon profile of the various extracts analysed by GC indicated the presence of hydrocarbons ranging from C 10 -C30. Among the different hydrocarbons detected in the various plant parts noncosans, heptacosane, hexacosane and pentacosane were found to be present in higher concentration compared to others, Maximum amplitude of EAG response for both male and female A. angaleti was recorded for the extract obtained from the Pectinophora gossypiella damaged bolls (147.133 % in female and 124.133% in male), followed by extracts from leaves (134% in female and 93.33% in male), undamaged buds (113% in female and 113.1% in male), damaged buds (113% in female and 93.67% in male) and undamaged bolls (98% in female and 92% in male) respectively. The differential response of this parasitoid to the different plant parts/stages of plant may be due to presence of these saturated hydrocarbons
Abstract 3035: Functional roles of HS6ST3 in human breast cancer in vitro

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Introduction: Heparan sulfate is a sulfated polysaccharide that is found on the cell surface and extracellular matrix of all human cells. It interacts with a variety of proteins and is thus involved in numerous biological processes such as growth and development. Heparan sulfate's function critically depends on the number and the position of sulfate groups, which modulate the binding sites for proteins such as growth factors, cytokines, receptors, enzymes, and inhibitors. However, little is known about their roles both in vitro and in vivo. Alterations in heparan sulfation may be associated with pathologic conditions such as cancer. Heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferases (HS6STs) catalyze the transfer of sulfate groups to the carbon 6 position in heparan sulfate. Three isoforms of these enzymes have been discovered in humans. Recently, several studies have proposed that dysregulation of 6-O-sulfation patterns may be involved in carcinogenesis. This study aimed to analyze the functional role of HS6ST3 in T47D breast cancer cell line. Procedures: HS6ST3 was silenced using siRNA by more than 85%. Functional studies such as proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, adhesion and migration assays were then performed. Results: The study demonstrated that silencing HS6ST3 in T47D breast cancer cell line enhanced apoptosis and cellular adhesion; and diminished proliferation with cell cycle arrest at G0/G1. Taken together the results demonstrated that silencing HS6ST3 decreased the tumoral progression in breast cancer. Conclusions: This could be happen through alteration of heparan sulfate interactions with ligands such as growth factors. HS6ST3 could be used not only as a valuable biomarker for diagnostic and prognostic purposes but in cancer gene therapy in near future. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3035. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3035
Tachykinin receptors in chronic inflammatory lower airway diseases

Preclinical models have highlighted the blockade of tachykinin NK1, NK2 and NK3 receptors as ideal targets for inflammatory lower airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In fact, NK1 antagonists reduce pulmonary neurogenic and non-neurogenic inflammation in several allergic and non-allergic models. Likewise, NK2 receptor antagonists have the potential to reduce airway motor responses by a local action on smooth muscle tone, by preventing airway hyperreactivity, and airway reflexes. NK3 antagonists join some properties of NK1 and NK2 receptor blockers as they are able to reduce both inflammatory and motor components in models of airway dysfunctions. Despite this evidence, early phase clinical testing of selective or mixed tachykinin antagonists have been largely disappointing. In fact, at doses selected for antagonising neurokinin A-induced bronchoconstriction, these compounds were inactive on bronchoconstriction induced by other kinds of challenge and did not reduce asthmatic symptoms or airway hyperreactivity following a brief course of treatment. The hope that these compounds could serve as disease controllers following a long-term treatment still remains, but the difficulties in the clinical testing of this hypothesis have discouraged most of the companies that have stopped development of tachykinin antagonists for these indications.
Lipid profile of prickly pear pulp fractions

Pulp fractions, seeds and strained pulp, of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) were compared in the terms of fatty acids, lipid classes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins and β-carotene. Neutral lipids accounted for 87.0% in seed oil, while polar lipids accounted for 52.9% in pulp oil. In both oils linoleic acid was the main fatty acid followed by palmitic acid. γ- and α-Linolenic acids, occurred in higher amounts in pulp oil, while α-linolenic acids was only detected at low levels in the seed oil. The sterol marker, β-sitosterol, was 72.0% and 49.0% of the total sterol content in seed oil and pulp oil, respectively. Vitamin E level was high in the pulp oil (0.52%) but only 0.04% in the seed oil. γ- and δ-Tocopherols were the predominant components in seed and pulp oils, respectively β-Carotene was also measured in high level in pulp oil, but was low in the seed oil. Oils under investigation resemble each other in the level of vitamin K 1.
Photochemically produced bioavailable nitrogen from biologically recalcitrant dissolved organic matter stimulates production of a nitrogen‐limited microbial food web in the Baltic Sea

Experiments were designed to assess whether the photochemical production of bioavailable nitrogen (N) from biologically recalcitrant dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) stimulates growth of N‐limited plankton. Filtered Baltic Sea water was exposed to solar radiation for 12‐19 days. Along with dark controls, samples were inoculated with an indigenous nanoplankton (<10 µm) community and incubated under photosynthetically active radiation and N‐limiting conditions (molar dissolved inorganic nitrogen to PO43‐ ratio of 0.2). The concentration of particulate nitrogen, chlorophyll a (Chl a), and the biomass of phytoplankton and protozoa increased more in the solar radiation‐exposed waters than in dark controls, showing that the photochemical transformation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) supported both heterotrophic and autotrophic plankton. In order to calculate the apparent quantum yield (AQY) for the photochemical reactions, the experimentally determined photoproduced bioavailable N (the formed particulate N and mineralized DON) and the phytoplankton biomass stimulated by DOM photochemistry were related to the number of photons absorbed by chromophoric DOM. Model calculations based on AQY indicated that DOM photochemistry produces 22‐ 26 µmol bioavailable N m‐2 d‐1 and stimulates phytoplankton biomass by 12‐14 µg Chl a m‐2 d‐1 during summer in the northern Baltic Sea. Photoproduced bioavailable N potentially supports 1.2% and 3.6% of the new primary production and its N‐demand, respectively, in this study region during summer. In N‐limited surface waters, the photoproduction of bioavailable N from biologically recalcitrant, but photoreactive DOM can provide a new source of N and sustain the background productivity of a nanoplankton community, including phytoplankton.
Influence of Different Fruit Additives on Some Properties of Stirred Yoghurt During Storage

In this study, stirred type yoghurt with cornelian, rosehip, morello cherry (marmalades), grape (molasses), date (pulp) added and control (without additive) set type yoghurt were produced and stored up to 10 days at 4±1C. Physico-chemical, microbiological properties and sensory quality of yoghurt samples were determined at 1. 6. and 10 days at storage. During storage period according to analysis results, the total solids between 14.58-20.51%, fat 2.95-3.10%, protein 3.61-4.34%, ash content 0.82-1.08%, titratable acidity (TA) 1.27-1.62, and pH 3.93-4.29 were found. Syneresis and TA increased over the storage period. The results showed that total mesophilic bacteria count were significantly different among yoghurt samples (P<0.05). Moreover Mold and yeast count showed significant increase during storage period. Sensory evaluation results showed that there was no any statistical differences among the yoghurt samples.