Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the microfiber release under controlled washings from the knitted fabrics produced by recycled and virgin polyester yarns

Abstract The ubiquity of plastics in the environment poses a significant risk for both human health and natural ecosystems. Especially the fiber type plastics have a quite high share among these plastics. The textile industry is one of the most important sources of fibers. Recycling is one of the solutions offered to reduce the environmental impact of textile materials. In this study, the release of fibers from the knitted fabrics produced from recycled (R-PET) and virgin polyester (PES) yarns was investigated. Knitted fabrics were washed three times under the same washing conditions according to the TS EN ISO 105-C06 standard by James H. Heal Gyrowash washing machine. It was determined that R-PET knitted fabrics released almost 2.3 times more fibers (4489.93 fiber L−1 ; 368094.07 fiber kg−1 ) than the virgin PES fabrics (2034.26 fiber L−1 ; 167436.58 fiber kg−1 ). The amount of the released fibers showed a significant reduction with an increase in the number of washing cycles for both R-PET and virgin PES samples. This study showed that the knitted fabrics produced from R-PET released more fiber having the shorter length as compared to virgin PES.
The possible protective role of pumpkin seed oil in ameliorating tongue mucosal damage induced by orlistat in adult male albino rats: A light and scanning electron microscopic study

Background: orlistat is an effective anti-obesity drug by reducing fat absorption. The oral cavity and its associated structures are target organs for many abnormalities that develop from orlistat. Pumpkin seed oil (PSO) is a valuable nutritional and health protective agent with prominent pharmacological properties.Aim: Evaluation of the possible protective role of pumpkin seed oil in ameliorating tongue mucosal damage induced by orlistat in adult male albino rats.Materials and Methods: Fifty adult male albino rats were used as a control group, an orlistat group and an orlistat-pumpkin group. Both orlistat (32mg/kg) and PSO (1.5ml/kg) were given orally once daily for four weeks. Specimens of the tongue were processed for light and scanning electron microscopic studies. Immunohistochemical study was performed using anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibodies. Results: Specimens of the orlistat group showed an obvious distortion in the filiform and the fungiform papillae and in the covering epithelium of the tongue mucosa. There was a focal loss of the papillae and the epithelial ridges. The epithelial cells showed vacuolated cytoplasm and nuclear alteration. The lamina propria contained congested blood vessels and severe inflammatory cellular infiltration. There was a statistically significant decrease in the epithelial thickness, papillae height, papillae width and in the PCNA-immunoreaction of the epithelium. Scanning electron microscopy showed disfigurement and a focal atrophy of the filiform and the fungiform papillae. In contrast, minimal changes appeared in orlistat-pumpkin group that received PSO before orlistat. Conclusion: Orlistat induced significant structural alterations in the tongue mucosa of albino rats. PSO attenuated these effects and preserved the structure of the tongue mucosa.
Is Pyemotes zhonghuajia (Acari: Pyemotidae) a suitable biological control agent against the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)?

Abstract The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the most damaging noctuid pests of maize and is reported in China at the beginning of 2019. It poses a serious threat to the food security of China. In order to find an attractive alternative to reduce the application of chemical insecticides, we screened different initial mite densities of Pyemotes zhonghuajia on the mortality rate of different stages of FAW and also recorded the number of P. zhonghuajia on FAW at the different times (24, 48, and 72 h). The results showed that initial mite densities had a significant effect on the mortality rates of all stages of FAW and the number of P. zhonghuajia found on the surface of FAW. One P. zhonghuajia female was able to significantly induce the mortality of FAW in the 1st to 3rd instar larvae, and the mite density of 40 could achieve 100% FAW mortality when added 1st to 5th instar larvae and prepupae. There was an increasing number of P. zhonghuajia on FAW from the 2nd to 4th instar larvae stages at all three days. These results provide the basic information for considering P. zhonghuajia as a suitable bio-control agent against FAW in China.
Dynamically Reconfigurable UWB Antenna Using an FET Switch Powered by Wireless RF Harvested Energy

In this article, a dynamically reconfigurable dual-layer ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna integrated with an energy harvesting (EH) system for powering a GaAs FET switch is presented. The UWB antenna dynamically creates a notch band in the presence of an interfering signal at 5.6 GHz and it goes back to normal UWB operation when the interferer is removed. For the switching operation, the FET switch is powered using only harvested energy carried by the interfering signals. The UWB antenna on the front layer is a microstrip-fed monopole with an embedded elliptical slot. A quarter wavelength linear stub acts as a resonator inside the slot, which is connected and disconnected using the low-power FET switch. The UWB antenna shares the RF ground with a very compact EH system that consists of a planar inverted-F antenna, a very compact voltage-doubler rectifier, and a passive direct-current (dc)-to-dc boost converter. The boost converter elevates the rectified voltage to above the 3.3 V threshold, which is the minimum voltage needed for the actuation of the FET switch. The dynamic notch-band reconfiguration of the UWB antenna without the need for an external dc power source is made possible when the collected power at the input of the rectifier is higher than −12 dBm.
Extreme Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Responses to the 5 April 2010 Supersubstorm

The extreme substorm event on 5 April 2010 (THEMIS AL = −2,700 nT, called supersubstorm) was investigated to examine its driving processes, the aurora current system responsible for the supersubstorm, and the magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere (M‐I‐T) responses. An interplanetary shock created shock aurora, but the shock was not a direct driver of the supersubstorm onset. Instead, the shock with a large southward IMF strengthened the growth phase with substantially larger ionosphere currents, more rapid equatorward motion of the auroral oval, larger ionosphere conductance, and more elevated magnetotail pressure than those for the growth phase of classical substorms. The auroral brightening at the supersubstorm onset was small, but the expansion phase had multistep enhancements of unusually large auroral brightenings and electrojets. The largest activity was an extremely large poleward boundary intensification (PBI) and subsequent auroral streamer, which started ~20 min after the substorm auroral onset during a steady southward IMF Bz and elevated dynamic pressure. Those were associated with a substorm current wedge (SCW), plasma sheet flow, relativistic particle injection and precipitation down to the D‐region, total electron content (TEC), conductance, and neutral wind in the thermosphere, all of which were unusually large compared to classical substorms. The SCW did not extend over the entire nightside auroral activity but was localized azimuthally to a few 100 km in the ionosphere around the PBI and streamer. These results reveal the importance of localized magnetotail reconnection for releasing large energy accumulation that can affect geosynchronous satellites and produce the extreme M‐I‐T responses.
The distribution of the cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) in Montana

The distribution of cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) and the factors affecting it were investigated during the summers of 1957 and 1958. Distribution records were obtained from the following sources: 100 streams surveyed, east of the Continental Divide; 219 records from fisheries biologists and 769 from creel census returns (Montana Fish and Game Department); 35 records from the Montana State College collection. Fifty-five (75 percent) of the streams surveyed had only cutthroat trout above barriers. The important barriers were natural falls, high gradient areas, and beaver dams. "Wherever rainbow and/or-eastern brook trout were present in association with cutthroat trout they were predominant. Cutthroat trout are presently restricted to the headwaters of streams which originally were entirely inhabited by them. Taxonomic determinations, were based upon the examination of 345 cutthroat trout (126 from streams that had never been stocked with rainbow trout), 54 rainbow; trout and 88 rainbow X cutthroat trout. Satisfactory separation for fish over 4.0 inches , in total length was achieved. Individual distribution records of cutthroat trout from 699 streams and 244 lakes were listed. They were predominant (only game fish present or ranked first in relation to other game fish) in 253 (38 percent) streams and l42 (58 percent) lakes. HHE DISTRIBUTION OF THE CUTTHROAT TROUT (SAEiMO CLARKI) IN MONTANA
Responses of conifer species of the Great Lakes region of North America to inoculation with the pitch canker pathogen Fusarium circinatum

La sensibilite a Fusarium circinatum (syns. Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini et F. moniliforme var. subglutinans), agent causal du chancre resineux, a ete etudiee chez cinq especes de coniferes poussant dans la region des Grands Lacs d'Amerique du Nord. Des semis de 3 ans (3-0) de Pin rouge (Pinus resinosa), Pin gris (P. banksiana), Pin blanc (P. strobus), Pin sylvestre (P. sylvestres) et Pin noir (P. nigra) ont ete plantes en pots de 4 1 dans la serre de l'Universite Auburn en Novembre 1998. En avril et juin 1999, les semis ont ete inocules par depot d'une goutte d'une suspension de conidies de F. circinatum au niveau de la blessure formee apres extraction d'un faisceau d'aiguilles a environ 5 cm du bourgeon terminal. La production de resine, la longueur du chancre et la mortalite ont ete notes 12 semaines plus tard. Les Pins gris, sylvestre et blanc ont ete les plus sensibles, les Pin noir et Pin rouge les plus resistants. F. circinatum a ete reisole dans 37-96% des cas a partir des semis inocules. La sensibilite des Pins gris, sylvestre et blanc indique un risque potentiel pour ces essences localement importantes si F. circinatum etait introduit dans la region.
Hémoparasites des oiseaux sauvages à Madagascar

RESUME : Cette etude evalue la prevalence et la densite des hemoparasites chez 387 oiseaux appartenant a 43 especes,et collectes sur 6 sites repartis dans differents milieux bio-climatiques de Madagascar. 139 (35,9%) se sont reveles porteurs d’au moins un hemoparasite avec par ordre de frequence Plasmodium et/ou Haemoproteus (19,9% des 387 oiseaux), microfilaires (13,7%), Leucocytozoon (11,1%) et Trypanosoma (1,0%). Pour analyser ces observations, nous avons envisage l’interaction de differentes variables environnementales (altitude, saison, site de capture) et propres a l’oiseau (âge, poids, sexe). Il est clair que certains parasites infectent preferentiellement certaines especes ou familles. Les plus gros oiseaux de sexe mâle presentent des prevalences et des densites d’hemoparasites significativement plus elevees, pour toutes especes d’oiseaux confondues. L’ensemble de ces observations permet de mieux comprendre l’interaction oiseau/parasite et souleve nombre de questions sur la pathogenicite de ces parasites et sur leur transmission vectorielle. Mots-cles : Hemoparasite - Oiseau - Plasmodium - Haemoproteus - Leucocytozoon - Trypanosoma - Microfilaire - Transmission vectorielle - Madagascar.
Thermodynamic simulation of the seasonal cycle of temperature, pressure and ice caps on Mars

We present a thermodynamic model to simulate the Mars atmospheric temperature and pressure, the regolith temperature and the polar CO 2 ice caps vertical thickness and horizontal extent. This is done using the temperatures of the atmosphere and regolith for each Martian day of the year, determined from the thermodynamic equation. Assuming a CO 2 atmosphere, we calculate its emission spectrum using the spectral calculator E-Trans with the HITRAN database (E-Trans/HITRAN), resulting in the band of 15 microns and the rest transparent, through which the radiation emitted by the regolith and ice caps (considered as black bodies) goes toward space; we also include the atmospheric dust solar radiation extinction and its longwave emission. The equation calculates the energy balance between the absorbed solar radiation and the outgoing longwave radiation, incorporating also the latent heat released by CO 2 condensation, the sensible heat flux from the surface to the atmosphere, the latent heat flux due to the CO 2 ice sublimation and the heat exchange between the surface regolith layer and its lower layers, and the atmospheric planetary scale horizontal turbulent heat transport with an exchange coefficient, which is an order of magnitude smaller than that employed in the terrestrial troposphere. Considering a long-time average, the regolith vertical temperature profile is explicitly found using the thermal inertia including conductivity; its temperature regulation is achieved through the thermal conduction from the surface during the warm season this stored energy goes back to the surface during the cold season. Our model simulates the seasonal variation of the polar ice caps and consequently of the surface atmospheric pressure, through the CO 2 mass balance between them. Finally it is explicitly shown that the amplitude of the global seasonal pressure cycle is modulated by a local thermal-orographic effect, which increases (decreases) this amplitude in the low (high) regions, and agrees with the observations of the Viking Landers 1 and 2, and the Mars Climate Data Base; our prediction for Hellas Planitia, gives an amplification factor of up to 2.15, coinciding with other authors.
Simplifying the savanna: the trajectory of fire‐sensitive vegetation mosaics in northern Australia

Aim Fire is a key agent in savanna systems, yet the capacity to predict fine‐grained population phenomena under variable fire regime conditions at landscape scales is a daunting challenge. Given mounting evidence for significant impacts of fire on vulnerable biodiversity elements in north Australian savannas over recent decades, we assess: (1) the trajectory of fire‐sensitive vegetation elements within a particularly biodiverse savanna mosaic based on long‐term monitoring and spatial modelling; (2) the broader implications for northern Australia; and (3) the applicability of the methodological approach to other fire‐prone settings.
Comparative neocortical neuromorphology in felids: African lion, African leopard, and cheetah

The present study examines cortical neuronal morphology in the African lion (Panthera leo leo), African leopard (Panthera pardus pardus), and cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus). Tissue samples were removed from prefrontal, primary motor, and primary visual cortices and investigated with a Golgi stain and computer‐assisted morphometry to provide somatodendritic measures of 652 neurons. Although neurons in the African lion were insufficiently impregnated for accurate quantitative dendritic measurements, descriptions of neuronal morphologies were still possible. Qualitatively, the range of spiny and aspiny neurons across the three species was similar to those observed in other felids, with typical pyramidal neurons being the most prominent neuronal type. Quantitatively, somatodendritic measures of typical pyramidal neurons in the cheetah were generally larger than in the African leopard, despite similar brain sizes. A MARsplines analysis of dendritic measures correctly differentiated 87.4% of complete typical pyramidal neurons between the African leopard and cheetah. In addition, unbiased stereology was used to compare the soma size of typical pyramidal neurons (n = 2,238) across all three cortical regions and gigantopyramidal neurons (n = 1,189) in primary motor and primary visual cortices. Both morphological and stereological analyses indicated that primary motor gigantopyramidal neurons were exceptionally large across all three felids compared to other carnivores, possibly due to specializations related to the felid musculoskeletal systems. The large size of these neurons in the cheetah which, unlike lions and leopards, does not belong to the Panthera genus, suggests that exceptionally enlarged primary motor gigantopyramidal neurons evolved independently in these felid species.
Morphological Variation of Two Howler Monkey Species and their Genetically- Confirmed Hybrids.

xiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER TWO: History of the study of primate hybridization 5 Introduction 5 Hybridization studies based on captive populations 7 Studies of wild primate hybrids detected through morphological features 11 Genetic studies for detecting hybridization in wild primates 17 Inferences of ancient hybridization and reticulation using genetic data 23 Conclusion 29 CHAPTER THREE: Impact of intra-sexual selection on sexual dimorphism and testes size in the Mexican howler monkeys Alouatta palliata and A. pigra . 3
Dyadic support exchange and work engagement: An episodic test and expansion of self‐determination theory

textabstractAccording to the self-determination theory (SDT), individuals flourish when they satisfy their psychological needs. We expand this proposition by testing whether employees satisfy their own needs and improve their own work engagement by providing support to their co-workers. Moreover, we argue that it matters when and to whom the support is provided. We contend that the indirect effect of autonomously motivated support provision on the provider’s work engagement through the provider’s need satisfaction is stronger (1) during episodes that the receiver’s emotional demands are high (vs. low), (2) when the receiver’s learning goal orientation is high (vs. low), or (3) when the receiver’s prove performance goal orientation is low (vs. high). We collected data among 97 dyads of police officers (N = 194 participants) during two time blocks on one working day (N = 227–491 episodes). Multi-level analyses confirmed that support provision related positively to the provider’s episodic work engagement through episodic need satisfaction. As hypothesized, this indirect relationship was stronger during emotionally demanding episodes, or when the receiver was characterized by a low prove performance goal orientation. Learning goal orientation did not moderate the support provision–work engagement relationship. These findings expand SDT by indicating that individuals satisfy their own daily needs by providing support, and by showing that it matters when and to whom support is provided. Practitioner points: Providing help benefits both the beneficiary and the helper Managers should encourage the daily exchange of social resources between employees The exchange of social support between co-workers is crucial when employees face demanding clients.
Secure and Lightweight Authentication With Key Agreement for Smart Wearable Systems

Nowadays, an increasing number of wearable devices (WDs) have been widely deployed in smart wearable systems to collect health status measures and body information of users. Due to the openness of wireless transmission and the low capabilities of WDs in terms of energy and computation, it is of a great challenge to ensure the security of the users’ physiological information. In this article, we propose a secure and lightweight authentication and key agreement scheme (SLAKA) by using the fuzzy extractor, the cryptographic hash function, and the bitwise exclusive-or operation. In SLAKA, mutual authentication between a WD and the mobile terminal (MT) can be achieved, after that, a session key can be negotiated at both ends for future secure communications. Detailed security analysis shows that SLAKA has the resilience against various well-known attacks, such as replay attacks, stolen/lost MT/WD attacks, man-in-the-middle attacks, MT/WD impersonation attacks, password change attacks, anonymity and untraceability attacks, and privileged-insider attacks. Through performance comparison and extensive simulation, SLAKA is demonstrated to be more efficient than the existing schemes, while providing more extractive features and security guarantees.
Reconstructing Population Histories in Relation to Ecology

The Neolithic transition has led to marked increases in census population sizes across the world, as recorded by a rich archaeological record. However, previous attempts to detect such changes using genetic markers, especially mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), have mostly been unsuccessful. I use complete mtDNA genomes from over 1,700 individuals, from the 1000 Genomes Project Phase 3, to explore changes in populations sizes in five populations for each of 4 major geographic regions, using a sophisticated coalescent-based Bayesian method (Extended Bayesian Skyline Plots) and mutation rates calibrated with ancient DNA. Despite the power and sophistication of this analysis, I fail to find size changes that correspond to the Neolithic transitions of the studies populations. However, I do detect a number of size changes, which tend to be replicated in most populations within each region. These changes are mostly much older than the Neolithic transition and could reflect either population expansion or changes in population structure. Given the amount of migration and population mixing that occurred after these ancient signals were generated, I caution that modern populations will often carry ghost signals of demographic events that occurred far away from their current location.
Living the dream? University students in mobile times

ABSTRACT Geographic mobility shapes the present experience and imagined futures of many young university students. Strong associations between higher education and youth mobility relate both to young people’s relocation to gain qualifications and to ideas about being young. This paper draws on data from a recent study to reflect on how mobility features within the experience and imagined futures of 30 university students in Australia, the UK and France. Looking at influences ranging from the role of families to wider economic and geopolitical developments, this deep-dive investigation suggests that this mobility can be located within three spatio-temporal scales introduced by the authors: microfutures, which encompass those aspects of young people’s imagined futures that arise from their immediate life-worlds; mesofutures, which pertain to events and forces that are within the visible horizons of their lives but beyond their influence; and macrofutures, or the kinds of geopolitical constellations that are global in nature but loom over individual lives. It suggests that university students are using higher education to craft their own mobile microfutures but that they also have fears and concerns about possible meso- and macrofutures beyond their control.