Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of hydraulic jump on rough bed with adverse slope

Abstract Hydraulic jump is an extremely turbulent flow which implies the development of large-scale turbulence and energy dissipation. In the present study the characteristics of hydraulic jump, including sequent depth, relative length of the jump, and energy loss on rough bed with discontinuous roughness elements of lozenge shape over adverse slope have been investigated. Roughness elements are distributed in a staggered way with the density of 10.67%. Two different heights of roughness elements and two adverse slopes were considered. It was found that by increasing the height of roughness elements and steeping the adverse slope, the sequent depth ratio, and relative length of the jump decreased while the energy loss increased. Also, it should be noted that as the hydraulic jump on the adverse slope is unstable, the roughness elements have the effective role on stabilization of the jump on an adverse slope.
Efficient Estimation in the Fine and Gray Model

Abstract Direct regression for the cumulative incidence function (CIF) has become increasingly popular since the Fine and Gray model was suggested (Fine and Gray) due to its more direct interpretation on the probability risk scale. We here consider estimation within the Fine and Gray model using the theory of semiparametric efficient estimation. We show that the Fine and Gray estimator is semiparametrically efficient in the case without censoring. In the case of right-censored data, however, we show that the Fine and Gray estimator is no longer semiparametrically efficient and derive the semiparametrically efficient estimator. This estimation approach involves complicated integral equations, and we therefore also derive a simpler estimator as an augmented version of the Fine and Gray estimator with respect to the censoring nuisance space. While the augmentation term involves the CIF of the competing risk, it also leads to a robustness property: the proposed estimators remain consistent even if one of the models for the censoring mechanism or the CIF of the competing risk are misspecified. We illustrate this robustness property using simulation studies, comparing the Fine–Gray estimator and its augmented version. When the competing cause has a high cumulative incidence we see a substantial gain in efficiency from adding the augmentation term with a very reasonable computation time. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Determinants of corruption: a panel data analysis of Visegrad countries

Research background: Corruption is a phenomenon that has no borders, thus hindering the proper functioning of the social, economic, and legal systems of a given state. As the rankings assessing the level of corruption in various countries show, transition economies are more vulnerable to corruption than countries that have not undergone changes in the political and economic order. The Visegrad group is an example of such countries. Despite their efforts, these countries? governments have yet to match the evaluation of corruption indices for developed European countries. Purpose of the article: This study analyses the determinants of corruption in Visegrad countries to identify which determinants are the most impactful and thus should be the focus of Visegrad countries? governments when creating anti-corruption policies. Methods: Data for the period 1996? 2019 from the databases of the World Bank, Transparency International, and the European Central Bank were used for panel data analysis. The study uses a comprehensive set of economic, socio-cultural, and political determinants that can influence corruption. The purpose of this large set of variables is to prevent possible distortion owing to omitted variables. Findings & value added: The results of the analysis of panel data show the main determinants of corruption in Visegrad countries are economic, political, and socio-cultural (phase of economic development, openness of the economy, size of the public sector, degree of urbanization, and women's share in the labour force). A significant effect was also demonstrated in the case of regulatory quality and public sector wages. The findings can serve as a valuable resource for policymakers to develop government policies in individual countries and to implement effective anti-corruption tools.
Plastic Pollution

Abstract: Plastic pollution is one of the fastest growing environmental challenges of our time. Since the 1960’s, various concerns were raised regarding plastic waste generation (Plastic pollution) around the globe. Everyday tons of plastic waste is generated in various cities across the world. Since the 1950’s close to half of the plastic is ended up in landfills or dumped in the wild which is one of the most common ways of disposing plastics, and only 9% of plastic has been adequately recycled. It is also estimated that around 4 to12 million metric tons of plastic waste ends up in the oceans. This points out that this is a collective failure of all human kind to find a feasible solution for the plastic disposal.
Performance of Heat Transfer Models of Thermal-Hydraulic System Codes in the Invert Edwards Pipe Experiment

Condensation heat transfer in horizontal pipes plays an important role in the passive safety systems for the new generation of nuclear power plants. The emergency condenser (EC) system of the KERENA reactor consists of a horizontal tube bundle connected to the RPV, and it is actuated by the water level drop in the RPV. The ECs are submerged on the core flooding pool. In this situation, the outer and inner surface temperatures of the pipe can present very high differences (~ 100 K). When steam condensates in a horizontal pipe, condensate accumulates at the bottom forming a flume. The Invert Edwards Pipe Experiment (INVEP) was carried out in the Laboratory of the Hochschule Zittau/Goerlitz (Germany). The aim of the experiment was to analyze the condensation process in a slightly inclined horizontal pipe, which is connected to a high pressure vessel, filled with saturated steam. The pipe was evacuated or filled with air of different pressure at the beginning of the experiment, and it was situated in a cooling water tank. The sudden opening of the valve between the pipe and the pressurizer caused initiated the steam ingress into the pipe. The INVEP setup was simulated with the mean of two best estimate system codes; RELAP5 and TRACE. The same nodalization was employed with both system codes, therefore the simulation results can be compared to each other, as well as to the experiment. The heat transfer process during the condensation was analyzed, and differences between the two system codes were observed. The performance of the RELAP5 heat transfer model was investigated in detail, the non-condensable gas effect was analyzed, and a parametric study has been made to uncover the reasons for the observed deviations. The heat transfer was enhanced in two different ways. Next to the increase of the heat transfer surface, also the heat transfer coefficient of the outer and the inner pipe wall surfaces were increased independently, and the effect was investigated. The weaknesses and difficulties of the best-estimate system codes were pointed out in case of modeling transient condensation in horizontal pipes.
Sources of Nonergodicity for Teleconnections as Cross‐Correlations

Teleconnections are prominent features of internal variability which, along with climatic means, can also undergo forced changes. The assessment of such changes based on single realization observational data calculating moving window temporal correlation coefficients is burdened by biases. Previously, we attributed one source of such a bias, that is, nonergodicity, to the omission of low‐frequency (LF) variability, but find here that it is negligible for typical processes due to their spectral characteristic, given that LF, say, interdecadal, variability is much weaker than the high frequency interannual variability. The unnecessary omission of detrending, as another source, is potentially much more deleterious, as we find that the bias depends quadratically on both the window size and the trends of the means. Given that forced changes in the variances should not introduce much bias, a nonlinear change of the teleconnection strength is implied as the main irreducible source of nonergodicity.
STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS INTEGRATING SOCIAL MEDIA NETWORKS TO THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

This study was carried out to ascertain the attitudes of students towards integrating social media networks (SMNs) to the educational process in accordance with the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). It was conducted in Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan. The descriptive survey approach and quantifying qualitative approach were used. A study model was proposed, and five hypotheses were suggested. For data collection purposes, a study instrument was designed that consisted of a questionnaire and an open question. The questionnaire consisted of 16 paragraphs divided into three domains addressing performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence as drivers of students’ attitudes. The open question addressed the concerns and apprehensions students had about the use of social media in the educational process. Responses from 381 university students from different programs were gathered. Statistical analysis revealed that the students have positive attitudes toward the use of SMN in the educational process. The results further showed that there is a significant relationship between students’ attitudes and performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence. In response to the open question, students reported some concerns and apprehensions about the use of SMN in the educational process.
8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase (OGG1) Deficiency Exacerbates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction

Doxorubicin is an anthracycline widely used for the treatment of various cancers; however, the drug has a common deleterious side effect, namely a dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Doxorubicin treatment increases the generation of reactive oxygen species, which leads to oxidative stress in the cardiac cells and ultimately DNA damage and cell death. The most common DNA lesion produced by oxidative stress is 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoguanine), and the enzyme responsible for its repair is the 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1), a base excision repair enzyme. Here, we show that the OGG1 deficiency has no major effect on cardiac function at baseline or with pressure overload; however, we found an exacerbation of cardiac dysfunction as well as a higher mortality in Ogg1 knockout mice treated with doxorubicin. Our transcriptomic analysis also showed a more extensive dysregulation of genes in the hearts of Ogg1 knockout mice with an enrichment of genes involved in inflammation. These results demonstrate that OGG1 attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and thus plays a role in modulating drug-induced cardiomyopathy.
Increased Intra-Individual Variability as a Marker of Executive Dysfunction in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Recent studies suggest that individual difference in intra-individual variability (IIV) of reaction times is an important indicator of attentional executive control. However, there are few existing studies on the executive control of high trait-anxious individuals assessed by using reaction time variability. This study assessed whether executive functions are impaired among clinical and non-clinical trait-anxious individuals indicated by IIV. The cross-reliability and discriminative power of three IIV parameters (raw intra-individual standard deviation, SD; reaction time coefficient of variation, RTCV; and mean absolute deviation, MAD) were compared. Twenty-five non-clinical individuals with low trait anxiety (LTA), 31 non-clinical individuals with high trait anxiety (HTA), and 19 clinical patients diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) finished self-reported measures, an emotional spatial-cuing task, and a non-emotional arrow flanker task. In the emotional task, GAD patients had significantly slower response speed, lower accuracy, and greater IIV parameters than the LTA and HTA groups. In the non-emotional task, the GAD group exhibited poorer processing efficiency, greater SD and RTCV, and intact performance effectiveness. RTCV is suggested to be a better marker of executive dysfunction than SD and MAD due to its good discriminative power and reliability as well as less affected by reaction times.
Bacteriological assessment of borehole water in some communities in Owerri West, Southeastern Nigeria

The proliferation of boreholes dug by individuals, public and private entities in a bid to overcome the problem of water shortage has caused various communities in Owerri West, southeastern Nigeria to depend on borehole water as readily available water for drinking and domestic purposes. Unfortunately, the water is not treated before it is used for drinking and there is no surveillance of bacteria in the water to ascertain its safety. In consideration of this fact, a study was conducted to assess the bacteriological quality of borehole water in some communities in the area. Borehole water samples were aseptically collected from four communities. The bacteriological assessment was carried out using standard microbiological methods involving determination of total coliform count, total faecal coliform count and total heterotrophic bacterial count. The total coliform counts of the water samples ranged from 1.3x102 to 1.3x104 CFUmL-1 while the total faecal coliform and total heterotrophic bacterial counts ranged from 1.3x102 to 5.8x104 CFUmL-1 and 1.1x102 to 8.7x104 CFUmL-1 respectively. The organisms isolated from the borehole water samples included Shigella sp, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus sp, Klebsiella sp and Escherichia coli. The total bacteria counts exceed the limit set by the World Health Organization for drinking and domestic purposes. Moreover, the pathogenic organisms isolated from the water samples could cause serious health problems in humans. Hence, the borehole water should be treated properly before use and other preventive approaches should be adopted to minimize possible health risks associated with the use of the borehole water.
Ilioinguinal and Iliohypogastric Nerve Block for Acute and Chronic Pain Relief After Caesarean Section: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background There is an increasing cesarean section (CS) rate in Egypt. Multiple methods are used to manage pain after CS. Objectives This study aimed to assess the effect of ultrasound-guided bilateral ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block on pain reduction after CS. Methods We classified 64 cases of elective CS into two equal groups. The block group underwent the nerve block, and the control group did not. Postoperative pain, morphine consumption, time to analgesic request, and complications were compared between the two groups. Results No significant difference was detected between the two groups regarding patient characteristics or operation duration. However, pain scores during rest and movement were significantly lower in the block group than in controls, especially within the first 12 hours following the operation. Morphine consumption was significantly lower in the block group (4.53 ± 1.456) in group B vs. (8.87 ± 2.013) in group C with P-value < 0.001. Time to the first rescue analgesia was significantly longer in the intervention group than in the other group (12.25 vs. 3.81 hours). Pruritis and nausea incidence was significantly higher in controls than in the block group. The incidence of chronic postoperative pain was significantly lower in the block group. Conclusions The ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block is efficient and safe for managing postoperative pain following CS. It is associated with significant improvement of acute and chronic pain after such operations.
COMPARISON OF THE NUMBER OF ERYTHROCYTES IN 3 ML, 2 ML, & 1 ML OF BLOOD SAMPLES WITH K2EDTA ANTICOAGULANTS AFTER A 4-HOUR DELAY IN THE DR. H. ABDUL MOELOEK BANDAR LAMPUNG HOSPITAL

Background: The volume of blood samples, especially the number of erythrocytes in laboratory examinations, has an important role in determining the results of the diagnosis, in this case pre-analytic errors often occur so that a definite diagnosis will be difficult to establish. Therefore, research on the comparison between the results of the examination of the number of erythrocytes in the volume of blood samples of 3 mL, 2 mL, and 1 mL after being delayed for 4 hours with K2EDTA anticoagulant helps to determine a definite diagnosis from laboratory tests, one of which is the count of the number of erythrocytes. Research purpose: it aims to identify the comparison of erythrocytes in the volume of blood sample 3 ml, 2 ml, and 1 ml with k2edta anticoagulant after postponed for four hours. Research methods: the study uses primary data with hematology analyzer in rsud Dr.abdul moeloek bandar lampung. This type of research is a quantitative, using observational analtic design with a cross sectional view and with consecutive method, through hematology analysis using a alayzer mindray bc-3600 hematology. The research has 50 respondents. Results: the results of erythrocytes comparison between blood volume 3 ml, 2 ml and 1 ml (ml) with k2edta anticoagulant after 4 hours have different results but statistically the results have the same with 3 ml, that show the lowest result. Conclusion: there is no significant differences between the examunation of the erythrocytes with the volume of blood sample 3 mL, 2 mL, and 1 mL in the vacutainer k2edta tube after postponed for four hours.
Addressing gendered affordances of the platform economy: the case of UpWork

: This study investigates UpWork affordances and their implications for female freelancers experiencing different forms of cyberviolence. Building up on a theoretical framework to situate the concept of affordances, gendered affordances and cyberviolence within a platform economy context, I use UpWork as a relevant case study to assess how online platforms that intermediate labour transactions present gendered affordances contributing to cyberviolence against women. I analysed the discussions of female users and freelancers in UpWork in line with the digital methods approach, by conducting a qualitative digital ethnographic analysis. These discussions serve as a foundation for a subsequent critical analysis of UpWork terms of service, to gain a wider understanding of how the digital platform controls information flows and models interactions between different categories of users. The findings suggest that UpWork affordances are gendered affordances, as they allow male users different conducts, as opposed to female freelancers, entrepreneurs, or users. I conclude that, while UpWork core features are allegedly neutral, they enable gendered affordances widening the gender gap in digital market transactions by facilitating the occurrence of cyber violence against women.
“I’ll Worry About It Tomorrow” – Fostering Emotion Regulation Skills to Overcome Procrastination

Procrastination remains an omnipresent phenomenon impeding especially students’ academic performance and well-being. Preliminary findings suggest that procrastination emerges due to dysfunctional emotion regulation efforts to regulate aversive emotions. This study’s objective was to clarify whether the enhancement of general adaptive emotion regulation skills reduces subsequent procrastination. For the purpose of this study, data from a two-armed randomized controlled trial (RCT) with (N = 148) university students, comprising an active intervention (IG) and a passive wait-list control (WLC) group, was collected. Participants of the intervention group were provided with an online emotion regulation training over a period of 9 weeks. The results showed that the enhancement of general emotion regulation skills significantly reduced subsequent procrastination behavior within the IG as compared to the untreated WLC. Moreover, subsequent mediation analyses revealed that the reduction of procrastination was significantly mediated by the increase in general ER skills. The present results suggest that trainings which enhance general ER skills are an appropriate measure to reduce procrastination behavior among university students. The practical value of ER training interventions, particularly for student populations, is discussed.
Pronoun resolution and ergativity: Effects of subjecthood and case in Niuean

Abstract:Anaphoric pronouns such as 'it' are referentially underspecified and therefore depend on prior context for interpretation. The factors influencing their interpretation are a long-standing topic of research in syntactic and pragmatic literature. We present a novel study of pronoun resolution in the ergative-absolutive Polynesian language Niuean, investigating whether Niuean exhibits the same subject preference found for nominative-accusative languages (e.g. Chafe 1976) or whether, alternatively, the absolutive argument is preferred as a referent. Niuean also exhibits split ergativity, allowing for isolation of further effects of case (wherein listeners show a preference for antecedents that bear the same case as the pronoun) and transitivity (wherein direct objects are preferred as antecedents as compared with adjuncts). Most importantly, we observe that ergative arguments are consistently preferred as referents over clause-mate absolutive arguments, providing evidence that ergative arguments exhibit behavior parallel to that of 'subjects' in nominativeaccusative languages.
“Failing in spite of wonderfulness”: High-stakes ensemble adjudication in low-income schools

The culture of competition in music education is pervasive, reflecting the overall growth in standardization and accountability measures in education. With this study, I addressed the intersection of two underexamined topics in music education: teachers’ experience with competitive ensemble events and the structural challenges of working in a low-income, student of color (SOC) majority campus. In this basic qualitative study, I examined how instrumental music teachers navigate the high-stakes policy of an adjudicated large-ensemble contest within and beyond their classrooms. Research questions include the following: (a) What do teachers perceive to be the unique challenges they face in preparing for and participating in ensemble adjudication as a result of their context in a low-income, SOC-majority campus? (b) How does preparation and participation ensemble adjudication influence teaching and learning in instrumental music classrooms? (c) What do teachers perceive to be the function and justification for compulsory ensemble adjudication? Findings suggest that teachers working in these contexts experience unique challenges in preparing for and succeeding in adjudication events due to the intersection of campus-based challenges and policy. In addition, music teachers experience similar narrowing of content and heightened stress as their general education counterparts within accountability structures.