Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Locus of control and entrepreneurial intention: a study in a developing economy

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of locus of control (internal and external) on entrepreneurial intention of final year undergraduate students in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts descriptive and cross-sectional survey designs. It also employs quantitative approach to collect the data from 300 final year undergraduate students in selected universities in Ghana. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and hierarchical regression techniques.FindingsThe results reveal that there is a positive relationship between locus of control (both internal and external) and entrepreneurial intention. However, it is found that external locus of control has more influence on entrepreneurial intention compared to internal locus of control. In addition, gender has no controlling effect on the relationship between locus of control and entrepreneurial intention.Practical implicationsThe findings imply that entrepreneurial course contents should include topics on locus of control that will expose the students to the reality of their environments so as to learn how to take control and create opportunities out of their environments. Again, students should be encouraged and educated on how to build up personality traits such as the need for achievement, innovativeness and risk-taking, since these traits have direct impact on their locus of control which in turn impacts on their entrepreneurial intentions.Originality/valueThis study contributes to entrepreneurship literature by investigating determinants of entrepreneurial intention from a different perspective, and reveals that individuals (regardless of their gender) with external locus of control are more likely to become entrepreneurs in a developing economy.
Policing in an era of sousveillance: a randomised controlled trial examining the influence of video footage on perceptions of legitimacy

ABSTRACT Controversial incidents of police-citizen interactions, coupled with advancements in internet media technology has created a new dynamic of how public perceptions of the police might be influenced. This paper reports results of an experiment examining how videos of police-citizen interactions found on social media platforms might influence civilian perceptions of legitimacy and procedural justice. Using 173 randomly assigned participants and a pre/post-test design, we compare perceptual effects of positive, negative, and neutral depictions of police-citizen interactions. Results indicate all media had an effect on perceptions of legitimacy, with negative content yielding the largest effects, significantly diminishing global perceptions of legitimacy, whereas positive content significantly improved perceptions of legitimacy. Our findings suggest that while public videos of police-citizen interactions found online can contribute substantially to increasing distrust in the police, they may also demonstrate how policing agencies might use similar platforms to improve public perceptions of their legitimacy.
Comparative transcriptomes and genome-wide identification reveal salt stress-responsive PP2C in Jute (Corchorus capsularis)

Background: The jute plant is of great significance and economic relevance to humanity, but its production has been hindered due to abiotic influences, especially salt stress. Hitherto, the molecular bases for this vital feature await future exploration. The abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway comprises many regulated genes and plays a role in plant response to stress, however, a balance between the multiple pathways is always needed for any plant developmental process. In this study, we used a transcriptomic approach to unveil the molecular bases behind this trait. Salt tolerant (J194) and sensitive (J7) germplasms were subjected to sodium chloride (NaCl) stress at a different time point, from which leaf and roots samples were taken for transcriptome analyses. Result: The plant hormone signal transduction pathway was the most abundant observed in the study; the Pyrrolysine (PYL) gene (Cc.03G0016680) was up-regulated, which supports the basic model of abscisic acid (ABA). The quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT –PCR) and the correlation analysis validated the Ribonucleic acid sequence (RNA-seq) results. The candidate genes’ relative expression level was higher in J194, especially in protein phosphate 2C (PP2C). Corchorus capsularis PP2C gene family revealed 38 members, phylogenetic analysis categorized PP2C into 15 based upon conserved domains. Eleven conserved motifs were identified, and most of the genes had the same number of conserved motifs. The exon-intron ranges of (3-21) and (2-20), respectively. Moreover, among the plant hormone signal transduction pathway PP2C genes, Cc.03G0016550 and Cc.07G0028160 were up-regulated in J194 root tissues at 6-hour exposure NaCl, as such recommended to be salt-tolerant candidature genes. It was noted that most of the Corchorus capsularis PP2C genes were involved from segmental duplication, and analysis of the key stress marker salt-tolerant PP2C genes validated the salt tolerance individuals. Conclusion: These results provided valuable insight into salt tolerance transcriptome and indicated that PP2C had provided a stepping-stone to the molecular mechanism in Corchorus capsularis. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes, motifs, gene structure, and the chromosomal location of salt tolerance candidate genes might have experienced functional divergence. As such, their further study will enhance salt tolerance in Corchorus capsularis.
SUBDIVISION OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION IN IRRIGATED BEAN CULTURE IN THE MIDDLE-NORTH OF MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL

PARCELAMENTO DA ADUBACAO NITROGENADA NA CULTURA DO FEIJOEIRO IRRIGADO NO MEDIO NORTE DO MATO GROSSO O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a influencia do parcelamento da adubacao nitrogenada em duas epocas no feijoeiro irrigado. O estudo foi desenvolvido em Vera, MT, Brasil, no periodo de agosto a novembro de 2012, sob pivo central em sistema de semeadura direta. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com 10 tratamentos e quatro repeticoes. Os tratamentos consistiram na divisao da aplicacao de nitrogenio em duas epocas (semeadura e cobertura) sendo a dose final de 120 kg ha -1 exceto em um tratamento controle que recebeu apenas 30 kg ha -1 na semeadura. Foram avaliadas as seguintes caracteristicas: massa seca de plantas no florescimento e na colheita, altura de plantas e insercao da primeira vagem, teor de nitrogenio na folha e no grao, analise de clorofila (indice de suficiencia de nitrogenio e SPAD), exportacao de nitrogenio, numeros de graos por vagem e vagens por planta, massa de cem graos e produtividade, realizando-se correlacao de Pearson para todos os fatores. Em relacao aos tratamentos houve diferenca significativa, apenas para a produtividade e exportacao de Nitrogenio, sendo observado os melhores resultados nos tratamentos que receberam adubacao dividida de forma igual na semeadura e em cobertura. Os componentes de producao que apresentaram correlacao com a produtividade foram a massa de cem graos e o numero de vagens por planta. Palavras-chave: Phaseolus vulgaris , cultivo de inverno, sistema de semeadura direta. ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of subdividing nitrogen fertilization on irrigated beans into two moments. The study was developed in Vera, MT, Brazil, from August to November 2012, under central pivot in direct sowing system. The experimental design consisted in randomized blocks with 10 treatments and four replications. Treatments consisted in dividing nitrogen application in two moments (sowing and coverage) with the final dose of 120 kg ha -1 except for the control treatment which received only 30 kg ha -1 at sowing. The following characteristics were evaluated: plant dry weight at flowering and at harvest, plant height and insertion of the first pod, nitrogen content in leaf and in grain, chlorophyll analysis (nitrogen sufficiency index and SPAD), nitrogen export, number of grains per pod and pods per plant, weight of one hundred grains and productivity. Pearson correlation was carried out for all factors. There was a significant difference between treatments only for productivity and nitrogen export, and the best results were observed in treatments that received fertilization equally divided between sowing and coverage. Production components that correlated with productivity were weight of one hundred grains and number of pods per plant. Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris , winter cultivation, direct sowing system. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.14583/2318-7670.v04n05a05
Late carboniferous-middle permian granitoids in south Mongolia: implications for post-subduction processes in southern central asian orogenic belt

ABSTRACT Late Carboniferous to Permian granitoids in South Mongolia records the processes from collision to post-orogenic extension for the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Systematic geochemical (major, trace elements, and Sr-Nd-Hf isotope) and geochronological (zircon U-Pb age) analyses on granitoids provide constraints on the post-subduction processes of the CAOB in South Mongolia. Based on these results, the South Mongolia Granitoids (SMG) can be subdivided into three groups: (1) Late Carboniferous (319–307 Ma) unfractionated I-type granitoids (SMG I) with adakite-like high Sr (310–1260 ppm) and low Y (6–20 ppm) contents, and high Sr/Y (20–150) ratios; (2) Late Carboniferous to Early Permian (316–279 Ma) highly fractionated I-type granitoids (SMG II) that are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare earth elements (LREE) relative to high field strength elements (HFSE) and show strongly negative Ba, Nb, Ta, Sr, P and Ti anomalies and positive K and Th anomalies; (3) Middle Permian (post-279 Ma) A-type granitoids (SMG III) with SiO2 (59–61 wt %), high Al2O3 (18–19 wt %) contents, and high total alkalis concentrations (Na2O+K2O = 9.5–10.1 wt %). The SMG I and II were most probably derived from partial melting of juvenile lower crustal rocks of basaltic composition, likely produced by magmatic underplating. In contrast, SMG III may have been formed by the mixing of mantle- and crustal-derived magmas sources. Additionally, SMG II and III record significant assimilation and fractional crystallization processes. The Late Carboniferous to Permian (319–279 Ma) SMG likely reflect that South Mongolia evolved from initial collision to orogenesis, and finally into an intraplate setting.
Adaptive markers distinguish North and South Pacific Albacore amid low population differentiation

Albacore (Thunnus alalunga) support an economically valuable global fishery, but surprisingly little is known about the population structure of this highly migratory species. Physical tagging data suggest that Albacore from the North and South Pacific Ocean are separate stocks, but results from previous genetic studies did not support this two stock hypothesis. In addition, observed biological differences among juveniles suggest that there may be population substructure in the North Pacific. We used double‐digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing to assess population structure among 308 Albacore caught in 12 sample areas across the Pacific Ocean (10 North, 2 South). Since Albacore are highly migratory and spawning areas are unknown, sample groups were not assumed to be equivalent to populations and the genetic data were analyzed iteratively. We tested for putatively adaptive differences among groups and for genetic variation associated with sex. Results indicated that Albacore in the North and South Pacific can be distinguished using 84 putatively adaptive loci, but not using the remaining 12,788 presumed neutral sites. However, two individuals likely represent F1 hybrids between the North and South Pacific populations, and 43 Albacore potentially exhibit lower degrees of mixed ancestry. In addition, four or five cross‐hemisphere migrants were potentially identified. No genetic evidence was found for population substructure within the North Pacific, and no loci appeared to distinguish males from females. Potential functions for the putatively adaptive loci were identified, but an annotated Albacore genome is required for further exploration. Future research should try to locate spawning areas so that life history, demography, and genetic population structure can be linked and spatiotemporal patterns can be investigated.
A social identity perspective on conformity to cyber aggression among early adolescents on WhatsApp

Cyber aggressive behaviors such as nonconsensual image sharing, nasty comments, and social exclusion frequently take place on WhatsApp. These behaviors often involve group processes, where adolescents conform to peers' behaviors. WhatsApp is pre-eminently suited for group-communication among adolescents, and, thus, may facilitate conformity to such behaviors. However, research on conformity on WhatsApp is scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine if and how the social identity perspective on group behavior may explain cyber aggression on WhatsApp. Specifically, we examined how social identification relates to conformity to cyber aggression on WhatsApp. In a preregistered survey, 647 early adolescents answered questions about social identification with group members and conformity to behavior of a WhatsApp group. Hierarchical multiple regression and moderated mediation analyses point towards an indirect, positive relation between the centrality component of social identification and conformity to cyber aggression, mediated by perceived social pressure to conform. These findings contribute to the literature by extending the social identity perspective to conformity on WhatsApp. Further exploration of this research line within the field of cyber aggression is warranted, because this can help improve applied interventions to reduce conformity to cyber aggression.
Intertwining Christian Mission, Theology, and History: A Case Study of the Basel Mission among the Thiyyas and Badagas of Kerala, 1870–1913

For centuries, various denominations of Christian missionaries have contributed in a larger way towards the spread of Christianity among the people of Indian sub-continent. Each Church had its own principles of preaching the word of God and undertook welfare activities in and around the mission-stations. From establishing schools to providing medical aids, the Christian missionaries were involved in constant perseverance to improve the ‘indigenous’ societies not only in terms of amenities and opportunities, but also in spiritual aspects. Despite conversion being the prime motive, every Mission prepared ground on which their undertakings found meanings and made an impact over people’s lives. These endeavours, combining missiological and theological discourses, brought hope and success to the missionaries, and in our case study, the Basel Mission added to the history of the Christian Mission while operating in the coastal and hilly districts of Kerala during the 19th and the 20th centuries. Predominantly following the trait of Pietism, the Basel Mission emphasised practical matters more than doctrine, which was evident in the Mission activities among the Thiyyas and the Badagas of Malabar and Nilgiris, respectively. Along with addressing issues like the caste system and spreading education in the ‘backward’ regions, the most remarkable contribution of the Basel Mission established the ‘prototype’ of industries which was part of the ‘praxis practice’ model. It aimed at self-sufficiency and provided a livelihood for a number of people who otherwise had no honourable means of subsistence. Moreover, conversion in Kerala was a combination of ‘self-transformation’ and active participation which resulted in ‘enculturation’ and inception of ‘modernity’ in the region. Finally, this article shows that works of the Basel Mission weaved together its theological and missiological ideologies which determined its exclusivity as a Church denomination.
KR20 and KR21 for Some Nondichotomous Data (It’s Not Just Cronbach’s Alpha)

This article presents some equivalent forms of the common Kuder–Richardson Formula 21 and 20 estimators for nondichotomous data belonging to certain other exponential families, such as Poisson count data, exponential data, or geometric counts of trials until failure. Using the generalized framework of Foster (2020), an equation for the reliability for a subset of the natural exponential family have quadratic variance function is derived for known population parameters, and both formulas are shown to be different plug-in estimators of this quantity. The equivalent Kuder–Richardson Formulas 20 and 21 are given for six different natural exponential families, and these match earlier derivations in the case of binomial and Poisson data. Simulations show performance exceeding that of Cronbach’s alpha in terms of root mean square error when the formula matching the correct exponential family is used, and a discussion of Jensen’s inequality suggests explanations for peculiarities of the bias and standard error of the simulations across the different exponential families.
Low-NO atmospheric oxidation pathways in a polluted megacity

Abstract. The impact of emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere on the production of secondary pollutants, such as ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA), is mediated by the concentration of nitric oxide (NO). Polluted urban atmospheres are typically considered to be “high-NO” environments, while remote regions such as rainforests, with minimal anthropogenic influences, are considered to be “low NO”. However, our observations from central Beijing show that this simplistic separation of regimes is flawed. Despite being in one of the largest megacities in the world, we observe formation of gas- and aerosol-phase oxidation products usually associated with low-NO “rainforest-like” atmospheric oxidation pathways during the afternoon, caused by extreme suppression of NO concentrations at this time. Box model calculations suggest that during the morning high-NO chemistry predominates (95 %) but in the afternoon low-NO chemistry plays a greater role (30 %). Current emissions inventories are applied in the GEOS-Chem model which shows that such models, when run at the regional scale, fail to accurately predict such an extreme diurnal cycle in the NO concentration. With increasing global emphasis on reducing air pollution, it is crucial for the modelling tools used to develop urban air quality policy to be able to accurately represent such extreme diurnal variations in NO to accurately predict the formation of pollutants such as SOA and ozone.
Impact of typhoons on particulate and dissolved 137Cs activities in seawater off the Fukushima Prefecture: results from the SOSO 5 Rivers cruise (October 2014)

Abstract. Cruise SoSo 5 Rivers took place during October 2014 off the coast of Fukushima Prefecture shortly after the passage of two typhoons. Detection of dissolved 134Cs and 137Cs in all samples reflected contamination caused by accidental releases of radiocaesium from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear power plant (FNPP1) accident. The dissolved activities were generally higher at coastal sites and decreased with distance from shore, and they were higher in the surface than in the bottom water. The tendency of 137Cs activities to decrease with distance from the coast reflected mixing of coastal water and open-ocean water of which 137Cs activity concentration was ~1.5 Bq m−3. At stations very close to the coast, we observed high particulate 137Cs activity concentration that exceeded dissolved 137Cs activity concentration. 137Cs activities were generally 1–2 orders of magnitudes lower in organic particles than in dissolved form, and the ratios of 137Cs activity concentration in organic particles to 137Cs activity concentration in dissolved form ranged from 0.01 ± 0.00 to 0.12 ± 0.01. The ratio of 137Cs to 134Cs activity concentrations in organic particles did not change with distance from shore or with 137Cs activity concentration and generally remained around 1, even in samples collected far from the coast. This pattern indicated that the organic particles had come from rivers or a source very close to the coast. The 137Cs / 134Cs activity ratio in dissolved form north of FNPP1 region was estimated to be 1.074 ± 0.015, a ratio that is in good agreement with the 137Cs / 134Cs activity ratio in the core of Unit 1 of the FNPP1 while the 137Cs / 134Cs activity ratio at Tomioka port which located south of FNPP1 was 0.998 ± 0.017. Therefore we can conclude the source of radiocaesium in seawater in the coastal region north of FNPP1 was deposited radiocaesium released from the core of Unit 1 of FNPP1, while the source of radiocaesium observed in the coastal region south of FNPP1 was a mixture of deposited radiocaesium released from the core of Unit 2 and the core of Unit 1 of FNPP1. During September–October of each year, the typhoon season in Japan, the 137Cs activity concentration generally increased at Ukedo port, Tomioka port, FNPP1, and Iwasawa beach, and showed a good relationship with the 7-day modified antecedent precipitation index (API) while there is less correlation between the modified API and 137Cs activity concentration near the outlet of canal from unit 5 and 6 of FNPP1 to the sea.
Location and locational capital: an examination of factors influencing choice of higher education applications by working-class students in a sixth-form college

ABSTRACT This paper explores the differential ways that working-class sixth-form students in England utilise cultural and social capital when applying to university. This process is examined in terms of the university and course choices made and associated social advantage and prestige. It employs an interpretive paradigm using qualitative methods and a conceptual framework derived from Bourdieu. Focus groups and semi-structured interviews were employed and a grounded approach to data analysis was utilised. Findings suggest that access to cultural and social capital is limited to familial influence and educational environment had a limited impact on student decisions. When making choices the most notable themes linked to general locality. Locational preference linked to degree of geographical cultural knowledge and led to the development of the notion of locational capital. This corresponded to intentions to avoid certain locations such as “the rural” or “the provincial” and helps to understand choice. These geographical constructions, linked to perceptions concerning Higher Education Institutions, often triggered concerns regarding “fitting-in” and “social class” and for many resulted in limitations on choice. This imposed a limitation on applying to prestigious HEIs.