Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dealing with Roles

Anyone who runs a company deals with other companies. Such companies may act as suppliers of goods or services, they may be customers of your products, they may act as agents for selling goods to your customers, they may be regulatory agencies who you have to deal with to stay on the right side of the law. People may do many things within a company. You have engineers, salesmen, directors, accountants, any of which may need different features in the computer systems within your organization. Dealing with these situations is one of the most common situations in modeling. You have a group of objects which exhibit bunches of common behavior. They don’t all have the same behavior, but they may have some common behavior. At first glance it sounds like a classic case for inheritance, but there are complications. An object might exhibit more than one bunch of behaviors, or may take on new bunches during its lifetime. You may have an agent who is also a customer, you have an accountant who becomes an engineer. This paper is an analysis patterns paper, hence I’m looking at the alternatives from a conceptual point of view, rather than an implementation point of view. I’m asking how we represent our view of the world in our software, and I’m not looking at important implemenation issues such as performance, distribution, concurrency etc. I’ve provided some code samples, but they are there to illustrate the conceptual ideas rather than as statements of what the implementation should look like. The biggest consequence to this is that I’m concentrating much more on interface than on implementation. You will notice that in particular when you compare the use of State Object and Role Object. The implementation is essentially the same, the difference is all about interface. I’ve divided up how to deal with roles into five broad categories. If most of the objects have the same behavior with few variations, then you can use just one type to handle all of them ( Single Role Type). Conversely if they are very different and have no common behavior then just treat them all as seperate types ( Separate Role Type). These are the simple cases, and often they are the right decision.
Central city railway capacity – making better use of existing infrastructure

Australia’s east coast capital cities have emerging issues with the capacity of the central city component of their urban railway networks. In each case major investment has been proposed but deferred as a result of other funding priorities. In Sydney’s case there are no current commitments, even though existing capacity is considered insufficient for growth. This is a particularly important issue, with work now starting on the North West Rail Link and partial funding available for the Epping-Parramatta line. However, there may be much less costly options than the rail tunnel options that were proposed in the 2005 and 2010 Sydney plans. These other options draw on simple operational principles and legacy infrastructure. The original plans for the City Railway envisaged a much more intensively used network than is presently the case, and drew on contemporary international examples. This paper shows that existing infrastructure in the vicinity of the Harbour Bridge can offer significantly greater capacity than is currently used, and suggests how this may be utilised to take the growth in the medium term. It draws on the early documentation, operational analysis and international examples for this purpose.
Experimental Study and Calculation of Fire Resistance of Concrete-Filled Hollow Steel Columns

Hollow structural steel (HSS) columns filled with concrete offer a number of benefits and are often used in tall buildings and other industrial structures. A mathematical model was developed and used to investigate the influence of important parameters that determine the fire resistance of concrete-filled hollow steel columns. The behavior of concrete-filled HSS columns with or without fire protection subjected to axial or eccentric loads was experimentally investigated and the results presented in this paper. The parametric and experimental studies provide information for the development of formulas for the calculation of the fire resistance and fire protection thickness of the composite columns. The main objectives of this work were threefold: First, to report a series of fire tests on composite columns; second, to analyze the influence of several parameters, such as the sectional dimension, load eccentricity ratio, and fire protection thickness on the fire resistance of the composite columns. It was fo.
Scaling Social Ventures: An Exploratory Study of Social Incubators and Accelerators

This article addresses the specific role of programs that attempt to help social ventures scale. We utilize combined experience in the Momentum Project from ESADE Business School and the Global Social Benefit Incubator at Santa Clara University, as well as an exploratory study of 40 social incubator and accelerator programs around the world, to frame the issues. We make a comparison among different programs and classify them as social incubators and social accelerators according to targeted social ventures and portfolio of resources offered. We note opportunities for research on social entrepreneurship and discuss relevant issues for both academics and practitioners such as the structure of these programs, the variance of approaches, and the resources needed by social ventures in their scaling processes. Acknowledgements. We wish to acknowledge the support of a Willem and Maria Roelandts grant through the Center for Science, Technology, and Society at Santa Clara University. We also would like to express our appreciation to Lucas Flagg, who provided invaluable research support, to Thane Kreiner and an anonymous reviewer for their useful comments and suggestions, and to Marc Ventresca for his continued mentorship. Finally,
SATISFACTION OF SUSPECTED COVID-19 PATIENTS REGARDING MEAL SERVICES AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF NORTH INDIA

Introduction: Meal services plays a significant role in speedy recovery and increases patient satisfaction. Objective: Present study was done to assess the satisfaction of suspected COVID-19 patients regarding meal services at a tertiary care hospital of north India. Methodology: This cross-sectional study in retrospective design was done to understand the factors affecting the satisfaction of suspected COVID-19 patients with respect to meal services. The data was collected for patients admitted from January 2020-June 2020 with the help of a questionnaire with graded responses i.e Yes, No or Maybe/Not applicable, gathered from participants after discharge from hospital through ‘google forms’. Results: Out of 160 participants, 159 filled up the questionnaire through ‘google form’. Majority of the participants were <30 Years old 46.5%, had university or higher education 52.8%. The study showed 96.9% patients were satisfied and 3.1% were not satisfied with the quality of the meal services provided during the hospital stay. There was no significant association observed between taste of meals and consumption of whole meal with the quality of the meal served (p = 0.875, p = 0.855 respectively). Although significant association was observed between temperature of meal, time of meal distribution, quantity of water bottles provided, and quality of meal served (p = 0.000, p = <0.001, p = 0.000). Conclusion: Present study connotes that such types of assessments can help identify the gaps which can be worked on for achieving maximal satisfaction of patients with respect to quality of meal services in the hospital. Key words: COVID-19 patients; Meal services; Patient Satisfaction; Tertiary care hospital
Tailoring the spectral properties of layered chiral mid-infrared metamaterials

The characteristics of four layer chiral metamaterials, optically active in the important mid-infrared region, have been investigated using simulations and experiments. Results show that the spectral response of the materials can be tailored, whilst preserving the magnitude of the circular dichroism, relative to standard double layer metamaterials. An analysis of the coupling in these four layer structures shows that they offer greater design freedom than might be expected from a simple consideration of double layer structures. Artificial chiral materials, such as metamaterials, have been the subject of growing interest as they can be engineered to have large optical activities across the electromagnetic spectrum [1] – [12]. Circularly dichroic metamaterials, where there is a difference in the extinction coefficient between the two circular polarizations (CP), are also capable of producing strongly localized CP light fields [5], [7], [13]. This effective spatial concentration of light would be particularly important if achieved in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) region of the spectrum, as it could improve the sensitivity and resolution of vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy, an essential tool for characterizing chiral molecules via their vibrational modes [14] – [16]. One important class of chiral metamaterial that can be designed to have optical activity from the near-to the far-infrared are those based on double-layered metallic resonators, where the resonators in one layer are twisted relative to those in the second [17] – [19]. In this work, we explore the properties of four-layer chiral metamaterials, consisting of U-shaped metallic resonators [20] – [22], which have only been previously studied theoretically [23]. We demonstrate materials exhibiting circular dichroism (CD) in the mid-IR, and show that the extra degrees of freedom offered in their design is attractive for the engineering of optically
Exploring the Effects of a Road Safety Advertising Campaign on the Perceptions and Intentions of the Target and Nontarget Audiences to Drink and Drive

This commentary explores the efficacy of a road safety advertising campaign in changing drivers' perceptions and intentions to drink and drive. Using data collected via a survey on a sample of students at Lincoln University in New Zealand in October 1999, this study found that the campaign appeared to be successful in increasing the perceived apprehension and crash risks associated with drunk driving and decreasing the intentions of the drivers to drink and drive. However, contrary to expectation, the campaign did not elicit a stronger change in the target audience relative to the nontarget audience. There was partial evidence to support the publicity campaign, but some refinements could be made to increase its efficacy among the target audience. In particular, the level of fear arousal should be moderated and the audience should be provided with effective and viable coping strategies to address the threat associated with drunk driving.
Organic Control Strategies for Use in IPM of Invertebrate Pests in Apple and Pear Orchards

Simple Summary Reductions in the numbers of chemical plant protection products that are approved and a move towards organic production has changed the way growers produce fruit in Europe. This is likely the result of public pressure and the need for less reliance on broad-spectrum interventions. This review summarises organic approaches that could be adopted as part of integrated pest management strategies in apple and pear orchards. It focuses on control methods to target key and emerging European insect pests through biological, cultural, and physical control strategies. Abstract Growers of organic tree fruit face challenges in controlling some pests more easily suppressed by broad-spectrum insecticides in conventionally managed orchards. In recent decades, there has been a move towards organically growing varieties normally reliant on synthetic chemical pesticides (e.g., Gala), often to meet retailer/consumer demands. This inevitably makes crop protection in organic orchards more challenging, as modern varieties can be less tolerant to pests. In addition, there have been substantial reductions in plant protection product (PPP) approvals, resulting in fewer chemical options available for integrated pest management (IPM)-maintained orchards. Conversely, the organic management of fruit tree pests involves many practices that could be successfully implemented in conventionally grown crops, but which are currently not. These practices could also be more widely used in IPM-maintained orchards, alleviating the reliance on broad-spectrum PPP. In this review, we evaluate organic practices, with a focus on those that could be incorporated into conventional apple and pear production. The topics cover cultural control, biological control, physical and pest modifications. While the pests discussed mainly affect European species, many of the methods could be used to target other global pests for more environmentally sustainable practices.
Inoperability Input-Output Model for Interdependent Infrastructure Sectors. II: Case Studies

The paper discusses case studies of the inoperability input-output model (IIM) for modeling impacts of willful attacks on interdependent sectors. The IIM is a model for assessing sector vulnerabilities using the inoperability and economic loss impact metrics. The case studies focus on high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) attack scenarios. HEMP is an intense electromagnetic blast induced from high-elevation nuclear explosions, potentially causing damage to electronic and electrical systems. Parametric and uncertainty analyses are conducted for assessing (1) intensity of initial disruptions, (2) sector recovery characteristics, (3) economic loss reduction policies for critical sectors, and (4) regional scope of an attack. Sectors susceptible to a HEMP attack have been identified, including electric power, electronic equipment, and workforce. Trade-off analyses are performed to analyze the efficacy of resource allocation strategies associated with recovery. Recommendations from this paper include developing cost-benefit-risk balanced solutions for managing and expediting recovery time from potential terrorist attacks.
Recent progress of battery grade metal sulfides for hybrid energy storage devices

The modern technology‐based hybrid energy storage devices (HESDs) in recent times, due to excelling collective features of secondary batteries (SBs) and supercapacitors, have attained the remarkable attention of scientific community throughout the globe. The metal sulfides and their composites among all electrode materials owing to their viable electrochemical characteristics have been recognized as important contender for hybrid devices. In this regard, our work reports the recently utilized single, binary, and ternary composites of metal sulfides as battery grade electrode material for HESDs. Along with synthesis routes including hydrothermal, electrodeposition, solvothermal, microwave, and sonochemical process. Apart from this, different electrochemical characterizations such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD) have been conferred in this review. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of sulfide‐based HESDs has compared and summarized. The high energy outcomes, current challenges, and future prospects of metal sulfides as electrode material have also been discussed.
ANALYSING THE DRIVERS AFFECTING THE INTENTION TO USE ONLINE ZAKAT PAYMENT AMONG MUSLIM IN SHAH ALAM, SELANGOR

In today’s business world, the traditional ways of doing business are rapidly being replaced with online transactions. More and more companies realise that they need to digitalize their operation processes to keep abreast with the local and foreign competitors. This practice is no exception to zakat institutions in Malaysia when they must seize this technology evolution to ease the zakat payers in fulfilling the obligation as Muslim via online payment system. This study aims to identify the determinants affecting the intention to use online zakat payment among Muslim in Shah Alam, Selangor. A structured questionnaire is distributed to 300 Muslim respondents Muslim using a convenience sampling technique. The results of the estimated multiple regression show that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and security and privacy critical drivers of intention to use online zakat payment while no significant relationship was found between trust and amount of information to use online zakat payment. Thus, the empirical findings of this study provide a point of reference to zakat institutions to leverage the usefulness and ease of use of the online collection zakat system to increase zakat collections. Additionally, the institution must also beef up its security and privacy of users to alleviate the acceptance of online system usage.
Discourse fluency modulates spoken word recognition in monolingual and L2 speakers

Abstract We investigated whether fluent language production is associated with greater skill in resolving lexical competition during spoken word recognition and ignoring irrelevant information in non-linguistic tasks. Native English monolinguals and native English L2 learners, who varied on measures of discourse/verbal fluency and cognitive control, identified spoken English words from dense (e.g., BAG) and sparse (e.g., BALL) phonological neighborhoods in moderate noise. Participants were slower in recognizing spoken words from denser neighborhoods. The inhibitory effect of phonological neighborhood density was smaller for English monolinguals and L2 learners with higher speech production fluency, but was unrelated to cognitive control as indexed by performance on the Simon task. Converging evidence from within-language effects in monolinguals and cross-language effects in L2 learners suggests that fluent language production involves a competitive selection process that may not engage all domain-general control mechanisms. Results suggest that language experience may capture individual variation in lexical competition resolution.
FEASIBILITY STUDY ON EFFECT OF STRUCTURAL FLEXIBILITY OF ASYMMETRIC PRE-SWIRL STATOR ON PROPULSION PERFORMANCE FOR KRISO CONTAINER SHIP (KCS)

The use of energy-saving devices is the most effective method for decreasing CO2 emissions, which is an increasingly concerning environmental issue. The asymmetric pre-swirl stator has been developed as an energy-saving device and has been successfully applied to various types of vessels. In the present study, a flexible material was applied to an asymmetric pre-swirl stator to determine the variation in the flow around stator and its efficiency. A fluid–structure interaction (FSI) analysis system was developed using the Star-CCM+ (fluid) and the Abaqus (structure). The proposed analysis system was validated by comparing the experimental results using a flexible plate in a flowing fluid. The flexible stator was applied to a 3,600 TEU KRISO Container Ship to determine the improvement in its performance compared to the previous optimum value achieved with a rigid stator. Although this application was conducted on a model scale and the deformation was small, the results of the flexible stator indicated the possibility of not only increasing the efficiency but also decreasing the vortex risk around stator blade.
Health-Related Quality of Life and Outcome after Total Knee Replacement: Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey in Jordan

Total knee replacement (TKR) is a common procedure that is considered cost-effective with excellent long-term survivorship. This cross-sectional study, which includes 118 selected patients in Jordan from January 2020 to January 2021, aims to assess health-related quality of life (HQOL), functional status, and associated factors before and after 3 to 12 months of TKR. Furthermore, several demographical factors were included in this study to evaluate the potential association with the procedure's outcome. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scale (WOMAC) and Short Form-36 (SF-36) scale were used in this study. It was found that the main change occurred 6–12 months after the procedure. Gender and age were found to be the primary predictor of quality of life among TKR patients. Patients before the TKR procedure experienced severe pain, joint stiffness, physical impairment, and psychological demand issues. After the TKR procedure, all symptoms were improved significantly. The TKR procedure can improve the quality of life for patients, which can be detected for several months after the procedure. Function and pain are the most critical indicators of improvement in quality of life. Assessing the quality of life is a key indicator for identifying patients without improvement, as well as improving the health care process and comparing other alternative interventions.
Commuter impacts and behavior changes during a temporary freeway closure: the ‘Fix I-5’ project in Sacramento, California

One mile of Interstate 5 (I-5) in downtown Sacramento, California was closed intermittently for reconstruction (‘the Fix project’) over nine weeks in 2008. We analyze the impacts of the Fix on commuters’ travel behavior, as measured through two contemporaneous Internet-based surveys. The impacts of the Fix on traffic conditions do not appear to have been excessive: majorities in all relevant subsamples did not find conditions worse than usual, and sizable minorities actually found them to be better. Among the active changes to commute trips, the easiest options – avoiding rush hour and changing route – were the most common (adopted by 48% and 44%, respectively). Among the changes that reduced vehicle-miles traveled, increasing transit use and increasing telecommuting (TC) were the most common (each adopted by 5–6% of the relevant subsample). Binary logit models of these two choices suggest that persuading current adopters to increase their frequency of use is easier than convincing nonadopters to start TC or switch to transit. Women and those in larger households were found to be more likely to increase TC and transit use. Employer support of commute alternatives significantly influenced the adoption of both strategies.
Visualization of Research Trending Topic Prediction: Intelligent Method for Data Analysis

This paper presents the results of a method for the visualization of the long-term prediction of research trending topics. Meaningful topics were identified among the words included in the titles of scientific articles. The title is the most important element of a scientific article and the main indication of the article’s subject and topic. We treated the titles’ words, which occur several times in articles cited in the analyzed collection, as the research trending topics. The longevity of the citation trend growth was the target for the machine learning algorithms. The CatBoost machine learning method, which is one of the best implementations of decision trees, was used. We conducted experiments on a scientific dataset that included 5 million publications from the top conferences in artificial intelligence and data mining areas to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The accuracy rate of three-year forecasts for a number of experiments from 1997 to 2014 was about 60%. To visualize the forecast, the t-SNE and Word2Vec methods were used. Clusters of trending keywords on the semantic map helped to accurately identify promising directions. Two examples of forecast visualizations for the topic “Intelligent methods for data and image analysis” are presented. The presented visualizations serve as the analytical method for predicting topic trends and promising directions.