Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A MICROPROPAGATION PROTOCOL FOR A CRITICALLY ENDANGERED MANGROVE EXCOECARIA AGALLOCHA L

Excoecaria agallocha L. is a critically endangered mangrove tree from the Pichavaram mangrove reserve forest, the Tamil Nadu Coastal area. It is distributed on the seashore and the edge-mangrove. In order to reduce the decrease in number of these Mediterranean mixed stand, unsupervised forest management practices have drastically been reduced. In addition, the deforestation of the mangrove area, along with a low seed germination rate further endanger this species. In this study we developed a protocol for the micropropagation of adult Excoecaria agallocha. Microcuttings were obtained from lateral and apical twigs of mature plants and used as explants. Microcuttings with axillary buds were grown on different media, plant growth regulators and phenolic exudation substances. The axillary shoots produced on uncontaminated explants were excised, segmented and recultured in the same medium, to increase the stock of shoot cultures. The Modified Murashige and Skoog (MMS) medium, augmented with different concentrations of N – benzyl adenine (BAP) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), either alone, or in combinations, as a potential medium for shoot multiplication by nodal segments, was tested. In the following experiment, equal molar concentrations of four cytokonins [BAP, Kinetin and 2isopenthenyladenine (2iP)] in combination with equal molar concentrations of three auxins [ NAA, Indole acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3butyric ]were used to test the rate of axillary shoot proliferation, induced on MMS agar medium supplemented with 3.9 μM BAP and 1.34 μM NAA after 6 weeks in culture. Different auxins (NAA, IBA and IAA) were to determine the optimum conditions for in vitro rooting of microshoots. The best results were accomplished with NAA 5.41 μM (89% rooting) and with IBA at 2.85 or 5. 71μM (86% and 86.5%) rooting, respectively).
EDITORIAL: UNIVERSITY OF THE THIRD AGE: A UNIQUE MODEL FOR SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF “ACTIVE AGEING”

Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: This study focused on the world population ageing, challenges that communities are facing and also the importance of the University of the Third Age (U3A) as a valuable intervention in empowering the aged people to adapt an active lifestyle. Copyright © 2014, Health Promotion Research Center; Published by DOCS. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The Effectiveness of a New Graduate Nurse Precepted Orientation Program on Retention

The Effectiveness of a New Graduate Nurse Precepted Orientation Program on Retention Rose M. Morton MSN, RN, NE-BC Background: A shortfall of 340,000 registered nurses (RNs) is projected by the year 2020. New graduate nurses often experience anxiety, apprehension and stress with their first job after graduation. Approximately 30% of new graduate nurses leave their first jobs within the first year of practice, and 57% within the second year. Many facilities are relying on new graduate nurses to fill vacancies. Recently a focus has been placed on orientation programs to prevent newly hired nurses from resigning. Orientation plays a critical role in job satisfaction and retention of the new graduate nurse. Objective: The aim of this capstone project is to evaluate the effectiveness of a precepted orientation program on new graduate nurse retention, intent to stay, and satisfaction with the orientation program during the first six months of employment in a southern West Virginia (WV) hospital. Method: Using Transition Shock Theory as the conceptual framework, new graduate nurse satisfaction with the precepted orientation program and intent to stay in their new job were evaluated. New graduate nurse turnover rates were also measured after three months and six months in the precepted orientation program. Sample: All new graduate nurses with less than one year of nursing experience hired at a small Community hospital in southern WV between May 2012 and Aug. 2013 (n = 20). Results and Conclusion: New graduate nurse turnover decreased with none of the NGNs leaving compared to ten percent previous to the precepted orientation program. NGNs were satisfied with data suggesting intent to stay on the Anticipated Turnover Scale (ATS).
Cerebral Palsy Update - Focusing on the Treatments and Interventions

Cerebral palsy (CP), known as “Little’s disease” is the most common neurologic disorder in pediatric patients. The core problem of CP is the abnormal movement and posture which manifests very early in the development. The cornerstone to treat the children with CP is the conventional rehabilitation program based on neurodevelopmental approach that has been done for decades. Recently, various translational research has emerged, and focused on the changing therapeutic paradigm using high technologic equipment such as computer- or robotic-approach, botulinum toxin, or stem cell use with potential therapeutic effect. Many other trials using newly developed devices, or combination of old and new therapies are ongoing to demonstrate the evidence, however obstacles still remain. Regarding rehabilitative therapy, the use of exercise-based treatment such as early intervention, gross motor task training, hippotherapy, reactive balance training, treadmill training with/without body weight support, and trunk-targeted training are promising. Virtual reality, robot-assisted and computer-enhanced therapies are very potent therapeutic tools for CP under way of mass commercialization. Regarding medical therapy, botulinum toxin injection showed the most concrete benefit for CP children. Stem cell therapy is just beginning, performing experimental studies in vivo. The author reviewed the current research, expanding therapeutic options to improve the posture and movement control in children with CP.
OTT_A_195615 4109..4118

*These authors contributed equally to this work Aim: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major malignancy in China, which is the critical risk of people health. Many natural herbs extracts have been found to exhibit good therapeutic effect on CRC. Our previous study found that grape seed procyanidins B2 (PB2) would induce CRC cell death. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its anti-tumor effect on CRC remains unclear. Thereby, this study aimed to investigate the anti-tumor mechanism of PB2 on CRC. Methods: CCK-8, western blotting, flow cytometry, qRT-PCR and animal study were used in the current study. Results: The in vitro and in vivo data demonstrated that PB2 could promote the apoptosis of CRC cells in a dose-dependent manner, which was significantly reversed by caspase 3 inhibitor. Meanwhile, PB2 dose-dependently induced autophagy in CRC cells, which was markedly attenuated by autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. In addition, PB2 dose-dependently inhibited the expressions of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR in the cells. Conclusion: PB2 dose-dependently induced apoptosis and autophagy in CRC cells via downregulation of PI3K/Akt pathway. This study provided the experimental basis for further development of PB2 as a new effective anticancer drug for the patients with CRC.
Follow-up of patients affected by manganese-induced Parkinsonism after treatment with CaNa 2 EDTA §

In the period of 1998–2004, seven workers affected by manganese-induced Parkinsonism were diagnosed, studied and treated with CaNa2EDTA at our Occupational Health Ward. Biological markers, as well as magnetic resonance imaging and clinical examinations, were used to assess the disease trend. Those workers still employed were immediately removed from exposure. Our results seem to confirm that very good clinical, biological and neuroradiological results can be obtained by timely removal from exposure and chelating treatment, and that amelioration can persist in time. Manganism is, however, a severe condition that can also progress independent of further exposure. Therefore, chelating treatment can be a great aid in overt manganism, but particular attention must be paid to primary prevention, as this disease should now be totally preventable and definitely merits eradication. # 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
An OLG model of growth with longevity: when grandparents take care of grandchildren

By assuming that grandparents take care of grandchildren, in this paper we aim at studying the effects of longevity on economic growth in the basic OLG model with endogenous fertility. We show that a rise in longevity can actually reduce long-run growth. Moreover, we also find that an increasing longevity (i) increases the supply of labour by the young parents, and (ii) causes fertility either to increase of decrease depending on the size of the grandparental child rearing time.
Prevalence of treated chronic diseases in general practice in England and Wales; trends over time and variations by the ONS area classification

Data from general practice are an important source of information on morbidity, prescribing and health service utilisation. The General Practice Research Database (GPRD) is a comprehensive source of data on the diagnosis and treatment of illness in general practice, including patient morbidity, prescriptions and referrals. The size, the wide geographical coverage and the longitudinal nature of the database make it invaluable for a wide range of purposes. Socio-economic data on patients are not available in GPRD. However the ONS area classification, which encapsulates socio-economic, demographic and geographic characteristics of areas, enables us to analyse data according to the type of area in which practices are located, thereby providing a means of looking at variations in morbidity and treatment.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE RESIDUAL STRAINS OF YAG PHASE IN DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED EUTECTIC AL2O3/YAG CERAMIC COMPOSITE

Because of the attractiveness in superior oxidation resistance, high stability of the microstructure and excellent high temperature mechanical properties in oxidative environment, directionally solidified eutectic (DSE) oxide/oxide ceramic composite have been considered as one of the most potential structural materials for advanced energy generation systems and space propulsion systems. However, due to the mismatch in coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), the residual strains are always generated from the fabrication process and thermal cycling in use, which would have an influence on properties of DSE ceramic composites. Therefore, the investigation of magnitude, state and distribution of residual strains in oxide ceramic composites is a crucial work. In this study, the residual strains of YAG phase in directionally solidified eutectic Al2O3/Y3Al5O12 (YAG) ceramic composite were estimated by X-ray diffraction technique and finite element method (FEM). In the X-ray strain measurement, the YAG skeleton specimen derived from the composite by removing the Al2O3 phase was used as un-strained reference specimen. The X-ray strain measurements with CuKα irradiation were performed on the two faces: parallel and perpendicular to the solidification direction. The principal residual strains measured from the family of 888 diffraction in YAG phase indicated that YAG phase in composite is in compression. The measured residual strains are varied from -2.19±0.32 (×10) to 4.22±0.08 (×10) on faces parallel and perpendicular to the solidification direction respectively. The experimental results were accounted for by the FEM simulation.
NPPR: Genetic Contributions of Inflammation to Depression

This paper describes the effects of immune genes genetic variants and mRNA expression on depression‘s risk, severity, and response to antidepressant treatment, through a systematic review on all papers published between 2000 and 2016. Our results, based largely on case-control studies, suggest that common genetic variants and gene expression pathways are involved in both immune activation and depression. The most replicated and relevant genetic variants include polymorphisms in the genes for interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), C-reactive protein (CRP) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Moreover, increased blood cytokines mRNA expression (especially of IL-1b) identify patients that are less likely to respond to conventional antidepressants. However, even for the most replicated findings there are inconsistent results, not only between studies, but also between the immune effects of the genetic variants and the resulting effects on depression. We find evidence that these discrepant findings may be explained, at least in part, by the heterogeneity of the depression immunophenotype, by environmental influences and gene X environment interactions, and by the complex interfacing of genetic variants with gene expression. Indeed, some of the most robust findings have been obtained in patients developing depression in the context of treatment with interferon-alpha, a widely used model to mimic depression in the context of inflammation. Further ̳omics‘ approaches, through GWAs and transcriptomics, will finally shed light on the interaction between immune genes, their expression, and the influence of the environment, on the pathogenesis of depression.
The need for and barriers to professional help - a qualitative study of the bereaved in Sami areas

In order to secure appropriate follow-up for the bereaved after traumatic death among indigenous groups in Norway, this study aims to acquire specific and local knowledge concerning their need for help and to examine whether they do in fact seek out and receive help from the healthcare system when needed. This paper is based on the analysis of 30 in-depth interviews with Sami bereaved who had lost a close family member to suicide, murder, accident or sudden infant death, and it rests on a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. The findings indicate that most of the bereaved from Sami areas were strongly affected by the traumatic death of a person close to them, but that they were met with barriers preventing the psychosocial follow-up that they needed. These barriers are discussed in relation to: a) the failure of traditional Sami norms and support systems, b) shortcomings in majority (Norwegian) support systems, and c) knowledge and integration of new standards. Finally, the requirements for an optimal support service are outlined according to the needs of indigenous bereaved. The knowledge gained through the present study may be comparable and transferrable to other indigenous and minority groups. Copyrights belong to the Author(s). Suicidology Online (SOL) is a peer-reviewed open-access journal publishing under the Creative Commons License 3.0. Language: en
Intra-household allocations of micro health insurance: No adverse selection after all?

This paper analyzes analyzes adverse selection in micro health insurance. Health insurance is typically family-based to limit adverse selection within households. I investigate whether such selection occurs empirically, using the case of an individual-based micro health insurance program in rural Nigeria. The empirical analysis applies two-sample two-stage least squares and uses household fixed effects to control for confounding heterogeneity at the household level. In the first stage, estimated in an uninsured control sample, both selfreported and objectively measured baseline health are significant risk factors for follow-up health expenditures. Nevertheless, in the second stage, predicted expenditures do not affect intra-household insurance allocations in a treatment sample. I conclude that adverse selection within households is limited, and that individual-based enrollment potentially solves limited insurance take-up among the poor. JEL: D13; I13; and O12.
Soil Properties under Different Land Use Systems in Parts of Chambal Region of Rajasthan

A study examined the dynamics of soil physical and chemical properties under different land use systems in parts of Chambal region of Rajasthan. Soils were sampled at surface (0-15cm) layer under (i) irrigated sorghum/soybean-wheat rotation for over 20 years, (ii) ten-years-old Leucaena leucocephala plantation, (iii) grasslands for >15 years with dominant spp of Hetropogan contortus and Dichanthium annulatum, (iv) over 20-years-old undisturbed forest of Prosospis juliflora and shrubs and (v) twelveyears-old Acacia senegal plantation. Correlation matrix of 14 soil attributes representing soil physical and chemical properties resulted in a significant correlation (P<0.05) in 30 out of the 91 soil attribute pairs. Clear relationships among textural component, mean weight diameter (MWD), and soil organic carbon (SOC) were recorded, indicating role of SOC in aggregate formation under different land use systems. Further, among land use systems, grass land showed larger MWD followed by Leucaena leucocephala and mixed forest lands. The SOC, available nitrogen (Av-N), available phosphorous (AvP), available potassium (Av-P) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were higher in natural vegetation compared to other land cover. Therefore, trees along with grasses should be encouraged in ravenous land of Chambal region to maintain soil nutrient status for ecological sustainability in line with the changing landscape in the area.
PATOGENIA DE LA MIOCARDITIS CHAGASICA CRONICA HUMANA

Pathogenesis of human chronic chagasic myocarditis. Studies carried out during the last decades provided evidence in support of an autoimmune pathogenesis for chronic chagasic myocarditis. This opinion was based on 1) the demonstration of molecular mimicry between parasite and host antigens, 2) the appearance of autoantibodies recognizing heart epitopes during the chronic phase of infection, 3) the induction of myocarditis and electrocardiographic alterations in animals immunized with whole parasites, parasite fragments or with biochemically-defined antigens, 4) the isolation from the heart of inflammatory infiltrates of B cells elaborating antibodies against myocardial antigens and 5) or of T cell clones reacting with heart epitopes and 6) induction of heart and nervous tissue alterations by transfer of lymphocytes from infected animals into naive syngeneic hosts. However, the characteristics of the inflammatory infiltrate in human myocarditis, displaying a wide variety of cells, many of them not involved in autoreactivity, such as the presence of giant cell granulomas and abundant eosinophils, as well as its focality and asynchrony, and the frequent association with pericarditis, casts doubts about the possibility of autoimmunity being responsible for the perpetuation of the myocarditis. This is supported by the recent observation that treatment of asymptomatic patients with trypanocidal drugs prevents the development of cardiopathy and that parasite components, either antigens or genomic fragments, are present at the site of the inflammatory lesions. On the basis of this new evidence, other alternative pathogenetic mechanisms should be sought to explain the appearance of a polymorphic long-lasting myocarditis that needs the presence of tiny fragments of parasites to develop. In addition to the well known immunological pathogenesis, the link between such a small amount of parasite components, below the level of microscopic detection, and the induction of such an extensive inflammatory infiltrate, represents interesting avenues for research in the near future.
Multiple testing in genome -wide studies

MOONSU KANG: Multiple Testing in Genome-Wide Studies. (Under the direction of Dr.Pranab K.Sen.) DNA microarray technologies allow us to monitor expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously. A basic task in analyzing microarray data is the identification of differentially expressed genes under different experimental conditions. The null hypothsis is no association between the expression levels and explanatory variables or covariates. Family-wise error rate (FWER), although very conservative, controls type I error. False Discovery Rate (FDR) is a less stringent approach which aims to control the expected proportion of Type I errors among the rejected hypotheses. Since there are thousands of genes tested simultaneously, FDR may be enhanced. High correlation between tested genes, attributed to co-regulations and dependency in the measurement errors, further complicates the problem. Most of the current FDR procedures assume independence or rather restrictive dependence structures, resulting in being less reliable. In this work, we address these very large multiplicity problems by adopting a two-stage FDR controlling procedure under suitable dependence structures and based on Poisson distributional approximation, which eliminates the need to assume restricted dependence structures. We compare the performance of the proposed FDR procedure with that of other FDR controlling procedures, with illustration of the leukemia microarray study of Golub et al. (1999) and simulated data. In these studies, the proposed FDR procedure has greater power without much elevation of FDR. Current FDR procedures have not been used extensively in genomic sequences involving count or discrete, or purely qualitative responses, confronted with high-dimensional
Disorders of cognitive and emotional development in children of mothers with substance abuse and psychiatric disorders

Aims The aim of this study was to investigate whether the mother's substance abuse, psychiatric problems and socioeconomic situation are related to 1) disorders of psychological development, 2) behavioural and emotional disorders, and 3) mood disorders and neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders in children aged 0–12 years. Data & Methods The research is based on data on all children born in Finland in 1997 who have not died before their first birthday (n=58 761). These children were followed until their 12th birthday. Information from national registers covering health and social care, education, relationship status, age and receipt of income support were analysed using cross-tabulation with χ2-tests and logistic regression analysis. Results Based on the register data of children, 1.4% (n = 798) had a mother with substance abuse problems only, 3.2% (n = 1854) had a mother with psychiatric disorders only, and 1.1% (n = 652) had a mother with both substance abuse and psychiatric disorders. Among children with mothers with substance abuse, psychiatric disorders or both, the risks of all categories of psychiatric diseases studied were significantly higher than in the comparison group. It was a bigger risk for the child to have a mother with both substance abuse and psychiatric disorders than either of these alone. Conclusion The mother's substance abuse and her other psychiatric disorders are significant risk factors for her children's psychiatric development, even when the socioeconomic factors are taken into account. Children of mothers with both substance abuse and psychiatric disorders are at a particularly high risk.
76-dB DR, 48 fJ/Step Second-Order VCO-Based Current-to-Digital Converter

A continuous-time (CT) second-order <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta \Sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> current-to-digital converter (CDC) is presented in this paper. The proposed CDC uses two current-controlled ring oscillators as phase-domain integrators to achieve second-order quantization noise shaping. The proposed CDC uses a current-reuse architecture in which the feedback digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is used to bias the first integrator which results in significant power and noise reduction compared to previous prototype. Excess loop delay in the proposed CDC is countered through judicious selection of loop parameters and no auxiliary DAC is used for loop delay compensation. A prototype CDC is implemented in 65nm CMOS and achieves 76dB dynamic range at a bandwidth of 0.2MHz from 1V supply with a walden FoM of 48fJ/step which is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$9\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> improvement on the state-of-the-art.