Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutrient cycling of different plant residues and fertilizer doses in broccoli cultivation

The decomposition and release of nutrients from plant residues that precede the cultivation of vegetables can positively affect the morphological parameters and crop productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of plant residue decomposition and the cycling of macro and micronutrients of four cover crops preceding the broccoli production (single head Avenger hybrid). A 4x3 factorial scheme was implemented including four cover crops: signal grass (SG), pearl millet (PM), sunn hemp (SH), mixture PM+SH; and three doses of mineral fertilizer: 0, 50 (200 kg ha-1 of P2O5, 50 kg ha-1 of K2O, 75 kg ha -1 of N) and 100% of the recommended fertilizer dose (400 kg ha-1 of P2O5, 100 kg ha -1 of K2O and 150 kg ha-1 of N). Fresh (FB) and dry biomass (DB), residue decomposition, nutrient cycling of cover crops, the number of leaves, head height (HH), stem diameter (SD), head diameter (HD), head fresh-biomass (FB), head dry biomass (DB) and broccoli yield were evaluated. The FB production from PM (25.9 t ha-1), SG (23.3 t ha-1) and mixture PM+SH (23.9 t ha-1) were similar, while the largest production of DB occurred in the SG (11.9 t ha-1). The lowest rate of decomposition and the greatest half-life time of residues occurred where PM was present. The accumulation and nutrient cycling follow the sequence K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S and Mn>Zn>B>Cu for all cover crop treatments evaluated. The highest SD (51.95; 51.44 and 50.67 mm), HD (187.97; 187.41 and 183.48 mm), FB (1.01; 1.00 and 0.97 kg), DB (0.08; 0.07 and 0.07 kg) and broccoli yield (25.3; 24.9 and 24.7 t ha-1) was observed in the 100% dose of mineral fertilizer and on the residues of SH or PM+SH mixture, respectively.
Regulatory Effects of Thymoquinone on Dopamine Level in Neuronal Cells Exposed to Amphetamine: An In Vitro Study

Introduction: Amphetamine (AT) is used to treat some medical conditions and also known to be abused recreationally. It is a potent central nervous system stimulant that is capable of producing damaging effects to the central dopaminergic pathway. Most of AT users are treated clinically for symptomatic treatment which is associated with neurological side effects. To date, there is growing interest in naturally occurring compounds which have lesser side effects to treat health problems. One of the potential compounds is thymoquinone (TQ), an active compound of Nigella sativa which is known for its cellular protective effects. Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the IC50 values of AT and TQ on differentiated SH-SY5Y neuronal cells and to evaluate the changes of dopamine (DA) level in the cells exposed to AT after co-administering with TQ. Methodology: Differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were grown in cell culture flask containing DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum and 1% (v/v) penicillin/streptomycin. The IC50 value of TQ and AT in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells was determined by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The DA level was determined by using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. Result and Discussion: The IC50 values of AT and TQ were 1596 µM and 926 µM respectively. Co-administration of 40 µM of AT and 30 µM of TQ demonstrated a significant increase in DA level at 48 hours of exposure when compared to the administration of AT group (P≤0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggested that TQ has a role in maintaining the DA activity after a long-term AT exposure.
Assessment of Salivary Bacterial Level and Dental Caries Experience in a Group of Egyptian Children with Black Stained Teeth: (A Cross Sectional Study)

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the salivary bacterial level and dental caries experience in children with black stained teeth. Methods: The sample comprised 73 children aged 4-6 years with black stains where the caries experience was evaluated using dmft index. Also, the salivary sample was taken into a sterile container and taken to the laboratory within 1 hour for processing. In the laboratory saliva dilution was done and sample was placed into a plate which contains Brain heart infusion agar. From the plate, identification of the morphology of Actinomyces was done. The colony of Actinomyces on the plate was counted with colony counter using colony forming unit. With the same salivary sample the pH was measured using the pH meter. Results: Among the children with BS, the mean dmft was (2.3), most children had very low dmft score (42.5%). So this showed lower caries experience in children with black stains. Regarding the Actinomyces count the results showed higher number of Actinomyces in children with BS. However it was statistically insignificant. pH of the studied children was mainly in the alkaline range with a mean (9.07) with prevalence (75.2%). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that in this small sample of Egyptian children with black stainsthey were found to have lower caries experience. The salivary bacterial count of Actinomyces was high in the same group of children and that the higher the Actinomyces number the less the dmft score. The children with BS also showed pH mainly in the alkaline range.
PREVALENCE AND VIRULENCE PROFILE OF AVIAN PATHOGENIC E.COLI ISOLATED FROM CLINICALLY DISEASED BROILER CHICKENS

Escherichia coli plays a part in maintaining intestinal physiology. Although, there are pathogenic strains that cause different syndromes of diarrheal disease. E. coli strains are the cause of a number of diseases in broiler chickens, leading to death, decrease in production or condemning of carcasses. This study aimed to determine phenotypes and virulence associated genes of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) recovered from diseased and freshly dead chickens including, shiga toxin 1, shiga toxin 2 and intimin using genotypic methods. A total of 200 chicken visceral organs (liver, lungs, spleen and heart) collected from diseased and freshly dead birds (four organs per each bird) were subjected for conventional culturing, serotyping and molecular characterization of virulence genes. 32 (16%) of isolates were biochemically identified as E.coli and confirmed by PCR using phoA gene. O78, . O8, O145 and O1 are the most prevalent serotypes from APEC isolates. stx1 and stx2 were determined by multiplex PCR , while eae gene was detected by uniplex PCR . stx2 gene was detected in 50% ( 16/32), while, 81.26% (26/32) of APEC isolates harbored eae. stx1 was not detected in all the tested isolates. The obtained results demonstrated the importance of studies in E. coli of avian origin in regions associated with intensive poultry industry, aiming to evaluating the predominant strains and also acquiring preventive measures to minimize losses due to APEC.
Gelatin hydrolysate powder from the scales of spotted golden goatfish: Effect of drying conditions and juice fortification

ABSTRACT Effects of different spray drying temperatures (inlet temperatures of 160, 180, and 200°C) on characteristics, bioactivity, and sensory properties of gelatin hydrolysate from spotted golden goatfish scales using maltodextrin as a carrier agent were investigated. The yield of gelatin hydrolysate powder was higher, when inlet temperature increased (p < 0.05). The resulting powders had more pronounced browning intensity with increasing inlet temperatures (p < 0.05). With lower inlet temperatures, the powder showed shriveled surface, whereas higher inlet temperature resulted in the spherical powder with some shrinkage as analyzed by scanning electron microscope. 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, and ferric reducing antioxidant power of gelatin hydrolysate decreased as inlet temperatures increased (p < 0.05). Fortification of gelatin hydrolysate powder (1–5%, w/v) into apple juice could increase ABTS, DPPH radical scavenging activities, and ferric reducing antioxidant power in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05).
The composition of lizardite 1T and, the formation of magnetite in serpentinites

Miissbauer data were obtained from 23 samples 120 Iizardite (1Q samples, two chrysotile samples, and one antigorite samplel taken from five geologically well-characterized serpentinites. These serpentinites represent both hydration and serpentine recrystallization in lizardite-chrysotile serpentinites. Mdssbauer parameters obtained from the samples used in this study were integrated with electron microprobe and HrO extraction yields to generate a comprehensive set of compositional data for lizardite, which was compared with modal magnetite values in the same samples. Lizardite contains up to 700/o of its Fe as Fe3* in both tetrahedral and octahedral coordination. fhs [elfs:+ content shows a positive correlation with t4lFe3+ and a negative correlation with r6lFe2+. Substitutions oftrivalent cations in both sheets are correlated and do not require cation vacancies (including H+) to maintain charge balance. The [alFe/l6lFe and Si/Mg ratios of lizardite, chrysotile, and antigorite are different, with ths t+lfs/telps ratio decreasing, and the Si/Mg ratio increasing from lizardite to chrysotile to antigorite. The Fe,o, content and the t6rFe/(t6lFe + Mg) and Fe,3;f/Fe'", ratios of lizardite in the Jeffrey and Woodsreef serpentinites are inversely correlated with modal magnetite, indicating that f, was internally controlled in these serpentinites. In contrast, the Fe,o, and the [6rFe/(t6rFe + Mg) and Fe. "{/Fe,", ratios of lizardite in the Cassiar serpentinite exhibit either direct or inverse correlations with modal magnetite, indicating internal or external control of /o, with /", externally controlled early in recrystallization and internally controlled later in recrystallization. The availability of Si affects internal vs. external control of /o, because Si exchanges with t4lFe3+ either to form or to consume magnetite during serpentine recrystallization.
UWS Academic Portal Does kindness always pay? The influence of recipient affection and generosity on young children's allocation decisions in a resource distribution task Blakey,

The aim of the current study was to determine whether the level of generosity shown by 3to 8-year-old children (N = 136; M age = 69 months) in a resource distribution task would vary according to whether the recipient had previously displayed kind (affection and generosity) and/or non-kind (non-affection and non-generosity) behavior towards a third party. We first asked whether donor children would show higher levels of generosity towards an affectionate than a non-affectionate recipient (condition 1), and a generous than a non-generous recipient (condition 2), before pitting the two forms of recipient kindness directly against each other (condition 3). Last, we asked whether donations to generous recipients would decrease if the recipient simultaneously displayed non-kind behavior through a lack of affection (condition 4). Here we show that children allocated a greater share of the available resource to generous and affectionate recipients than non-generous and non-affectionate recipients respectively. However, when asked to divide resources between a generous and an affectionate recipient, or two recipients who had each displayed a combination of kind and non-kind behavior, children allocated each recipient an equal share of the resource. These findings suggest that children donate selectively based on previous information regarding recipient generosity and affection, however when both forms of kindness are pitted directly against each other, children strive for equality, suggesting that kindness engenders donor generosity irrespective of the form of kindness previously displayed.
Comparative Evaluation of Two Different Castable Bar Attachments in Implant Retained Mandibular Overdenture Cases

Objective: This research was carried to evaluate which solitary attachment; OT Cap Ball attachment or OT Cap Equator Profile attachment mounted on a bar splinting two implants retaining mandibular overdenture is more favorable regarding crestal bone height and bone density changes surrounding the implants using cone beam computed tomography. Materials and Methods: Following two stage surgical protocol twelve completely edentulous patients received two implants placed bilaterally in the canine region (24 implants) to retain mandibular overdenture. Four months following the surgery patients were randomly divided into two equal groups; Group-I received two OT Cap Ball attachments mounted on a bar splinting the implants, while Group-II received two OT Cap Equator Profile attachments mounted on a bar splinting the implants upon which mandibular overdentures were retained in both groups. Once patients were comfortable to the prosthesis, they were placed on zero, six and twelve months follow-up periods using cone beam computed tomography. Measurements were taken on crestal bone height and bone density changes surrounding the implants then the results were statistically analyzed. Results: There was decrease in mean value of crestal bone height and increase in mean value of bone density surrounding the implants throughout the study period in both studied groups however, there was statistically none significant difference between the two studied groups whether in the decrease of crestal bone height or in the increase of bone density. Conclusion: There is no difference between using castable bar supporting either Ball attachment or Equator profile attachment retaining mandibular overdenture regarding the crestal bone height and bone density changes surrounding the implants.
Changes of ground vegetation after shelter wood cuttings in pine forests, the hemiboreal zone, Lithuania

Sustainable forestry plays an important role in applying forest management measures. In many forests, management is oriented towards closer natural forest processes. Silvicultural systems that retain some part of the trees in the stand, such as shelter wood cuttings have been introduced. The aim of the study was to evaluate the early changes of ground vegetation after shelter wood cuttings in sites of different soil fertility gradient in pine dominated stands on sandy soils in the European hemiboreal zone. The Scots pine stands in which first step of shelter wood cuttings was applied were investigated. The stands were selected in fresh (normal humidity) sites according to soil fertility gradient: very poor, poor and medium fertility soils. All mosses, lichens, herbaceous vegetation and dwarf shrubs were recorded, and projection cover was estimated in June - August. Ellenberg’s indicator figures were used to evaluate site conditions. In shelter wood cuttings (5-6-year-old) the number of species was higher in medium fertile sites than in very poor sites. After shelter wood cuttings the abundance of herbaceous species increased in all sites, while the abundance of mosses and lichens decreased. Within the first year after shelter wood cuttings, the abundance of Ericaceae species decreased, and abundance of Rosaceae and Poaceae species increased. Average Ellenberg’s indicator values showed that site conditions changed after shelter wood cuttings. The changes were more intensive in medium fertile sites than in poor sites. After shelter wood cuttings the richness and abundance of ground vegetation changed. The intensity of change differed in sites of certain soil fertility and was caused by alteration of site conditions, which were more homogenous in sites of the certain fertility in uncut stands than in cuttings. Key words: herbs, mosses, non-clear cuttings, vegetation
Recent advances in CO2 uptake and fixation mechanism of cyanobacteria and microalgae

ABSTRACT Aquatic photosynthetic microorganisms, cyanobacteria and microalgae, account for almost half of the world's photosynthesis. They absorb carbon di oxide (CO2) as the major substrate to support photosynthesis, the beginning of energy flow into living organisms and one of the primary processes comprising the global carbon cycle. Among all photosynthetic mechanisms, inorganic carbon transport into ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) is one of the major limiting steps in photosynthetic carbon fixation which involves active transport of HCO3−, CO2 and/or H+, or an energized biochemical mechanism. In fact, a unique system “carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM)” manages the inorganic carbon assimilation, accumulation of CO2 around RuBisCO, and utilization in algal cells. However, the information on mechanism of CO2 uptake and fixation inside the algal cells is limited. In order to make strategies for enhancement of CO2 fixation, understanding of CCM is crucial. Thus, this review provides an overview of advances in CCM research, the comparative state of the art and reports on the CO2 uptake model in cyanobacteria and microalgae. The review also discusses the challenges and future perspectives associated with algal CCM research.
Preparation and Evaluation of Healthy Crackers by Using Flour Mixes of Different Types of Cereal

This study aims to produce healthy crackers by using mixes of wheat flour 72% extraction (W.F)with flour of grains (whole meal) such as maize flour (M.F), naked barley flour (B.F), quinoa flour (Q.F) and proso millet flour (P.F). Results showed that Q.F was highest in protein, fat and ash. While P.F records a high percentage of crude fiber. Barley Flour showed the highest content in phosphorous. P.F showed the highest content in sodium and zinc. Beta-carotene was highest in M.F, while thiamine was highest content in P.M. Barley Flour is highest in niacin and quinoa flour recorded highest content in vitamin E, also it recorded the highest percentage of total essential amino acids, followed by M.F. The results showed that B.F was highest in antioxidants, while total phenols were highest in Q.F and M.F was higher in total flavonoids content. Crackers made from the first mixture were the highest content of crude protein, fat, ash, carbohydrates and mineral (calcium, iron, potassium and magnesium), while the crackers of the second mixture were the highest content of vitamin B1and B3. The content of beta-carotene was the highest in the third mixture, while crackers of the fourth mixture were higher in riboflavin and ascorbic acid content compared to control crackers. All types of crackers were the highest in contribute of most of Recommended Dietary Allowances for a studied previous nutrient for children compared with control crackers. So it could be recommended to use investigated grains in bakery products to obtain healthy bakery products.
PERITONSILLAR CELLULITIS AND QUINSY, CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND MANAGEMENT

Objective: The study was done to find the various clinical presentations and compare the out come / prognosis of peritonsillar cellulites and guising. Study Design: A Descriptive study. Place & Duration of Study: Department of ENT and Head & Neck surgery Jinnah Medical & Dental College and Fatima Hospital, Baqai Medical University Karachi, from May 2001 to June 2006. Patients & Methods: This is a retrospective study of the treatment and their out come of 102 patients, 73 (71.6%) had peritonsillar abscess or quinsy while 29 (28.4%) had peritonsillar cellulitis who were treated indoor over a period of five years. Results: The main modality of treatment was incision & drainage of pus in 73 (71.6%) patients and needle aspiration in 29 (28.4 %) cases which resulted with 3 positive 26 negative and 5 false negative aspirates. Antibiotics given in combinations with an average stay of 5 to 8 days in the ward. Within 2 to 5 months 12 (11.7 %) cases had recurrence, while none had bilateral quinsy. Tonsillectomy was done in 35 (34.3 %) patients after 6 weeks. Conclusions: In peritonsillar infections needle aspiration is useful to differentiate between the two entities. Cellulitis usually resolves by intravenous antibiotics, when an abscess is suspected incision and drainage remains the gold standard treatment which is followed by antibiotics and tonsillectomy in selected cases.
EVALUATION OF VEGETATIVE GROWTH, TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS OF LABISIA LONGISTYLA

Labisia longistyla is an undershrub herb that grows in highland forests of Peninsular Malaysia. Belonging to Myrsinaceae, L. longistyla has the potential to be used as a medicinal plant like many other plants in this family. However, there is a lack of research on the biological properties and the medicinal potential of L. longistyla. Hence, this study aims to gain a better understanding of L. longistyla. This study evaluated the morphological characteristics, propagation techniques, total phenolic content, antioxidant activities and the soil properties of the habitat of L. longistyla. Inflorescences panicles were observed to differentiate the species within the same genus as the morphological and growth characteristics may look similar to one another. Soil macronutrient analysis were conducted to identify the total nitrogen, available phosphorus and total potassium as well as the cation exchange capacity (CEC) at the study site. The results indicated that the habitat of this species had high organic matter content as the CEC level was more than 40 cmol/kg. Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using UV-VIS Spectroscopy and the antioxidant activities was measured using the DPPH method. The results showed that L. longistyla possessed high TPC value in the ranges of 7,000 – 16,000 mg GAE/g and this was reflected in the antioxidant activity, which was in the ranges of 69% to 78%. This study found that L. longistyla could be used as a natural antioxidant for medicinal purposes and further study is needed to explore other potential value of the species.
Graph Neural Network Acceleration via Matrix Dimension Reduction

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become the de facto method for machine learning on graph data (e.g., social networks, protein structures, code ASTs), but they require signiﬁcant time and resource to train. One alternative method is Graph Neural Tangent Kernel (GNTK), a kernel method that corresponds to inﬁnitely wide multi-layer GNNs. GNTK’s parameters can be solved directly in a single step, avoiding time-consuming gradient descent. Today, GNTK is the state-of-the-art method to achieve high training speed without compromising accuracy. Unfortunately, solving for the kernel and searching for parameters can still take hours to days on real-world graphs. The current computation of GNTK has running time O ( N 4 ) , where N is the number of nodes in the graph. This prevents GNTK from scaling to datasets that contain large graphs. Theoretically, we present two techniques to speed up GNTK training while preserving the generalization error: (1) We use a novel matrix decoupling method to reduce matrix dimensions during the kernel solving. This allows us to reduce the dominated computation bottleneck term from O ( N 4 ) to O ( N 3 ) . (2) We apply sketching to further reduce the bottleneck term to o ( N ω ) , where ω ≈ 2 . 373 is the exponent of current matrix multiplication. Experimentally, we demonstrate that our approaches speed up kernel learning by up to 19 × on real-world benchmark datasets.