Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Old and newly synthesized histones are asymmetrically distributed in Drosophila intestinal stem cell divisions

We report that preexisting (old) and newly synthesized (new) histones H3 and H4 are asymmetrically partitioned during the division of Drosophila intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Furthermore, the inheritance patterns of old and new H3 and H4 in postmitotic cell pairs correlate with distinct expression patterns of Delta, an important cell fate gene. To understand the biological significance of this phenomenon, we expressed a mutant H3T3A to compromise asymmetric histone inheritance. Under this condition, we observe an increase in Delta‐symmetric cell pairs and overpopulated ISC‐like, Delta‐positive cells. Single‐cell RNA‐seq assays further indicate that H3T3A expression compromises ISC differentiation. Together, our results indicate that asymmetric histone inheritance potentially contributes to establishing distinct cell identities in a somatic stem cell lineage, consistent with previous findings in Drosophila male germline stem cells.
An Overview of Current Methods for Real-world Applications to Generalize or Transport Clinical Trial Findings to Target Populations of Interest

It has been well established that randomized clinical trials have poor external validity, resulting in findings that may not apply to relevant—or target—populations. When the trial is sampled from the target population, generalizability methods have been proposed to address the applicability of trial findings to target populations. When the trial sample and target populations are distinct, transportability methods may be applied for this purpose. However, generalizability and transportability studies present challenges, particularly around the strength of their conclusions. We review and summarize state-of-the-art methods for translating trial findings to target populations. We additionally provide a novel step-by-step guide to address these challenges, illustrating principles through a published case study. When conducted with rigor, generalizability and transportability studies can play an integral role in regulatory decisions by providing key real-world evidence.
Chlorpyrifos and chlorfenapyr resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) relies on UDP-glucuronosyltransferases

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), has become an important agricultural pest worldwide. S. frugiperda is mainly controlled by the chemical insecticides, whereas the frequent application of insecticides would result in the resistance development. Insect uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), as phase II metabolism enzymes, play vital roles in the breakdown of endobiotic and xenobiotics. In this study, 42 UGT genes were identified by RNA-seq, including 29 UGT genes were elevated compared to the susceptible population, and the transcript levels of 3 UGTs (UGT40F20, UGT40R18, and UGT40D17) were increased by more than 2.0-fold in the field populations. Expression pattern analysis revealed that S. frugiperda UGT40F20, UGT40R18, and UGT40D17 were increased by 6.34-, 4.26-, and 8.28-fold, compared the susceptible populations, respectively. The expression of UGT40D17, UGT40F20, and UGT40R18 was affected after exposure to phenobarbital, chlorpyrifos, chlorfenapyr, sulfinpyrazone, and 5-nitrouracil. The induced expression of UGT genes may have improved UGT enzymatic activity, while the inhibition of UGTs genes expression may decreased UGT enzymatic activity. Sulfinpyrazone, and 5-nitrouracil, significantly increased the toxicity of chlorpyrifos and chlorfenapyr, as well as phenobarbital significantly reduced the toxicity of chlorpyrifos and chlorfenapyr against the susceptible populations and field populations of S. frugiperda. The suppression of UGTs (UGT40D17, UGT40F20, and UGT40R18) significantly increased the insensitivity of the field populations to chlorpyrifos and chlorfenapyr.These findings strongly supported our viewpoint that UGTs may play a critical role in insecticide detoxification.This study provides a scientific basis for the management of S. frugiperda. Graphical Abstract
Opioid‐related policy changes: Experiences and perspectives from people who use opioids to manage non‐cancer chronic pain

Abstract Introduction People who use prescription opioids to manage non‐cancer chronic pain are particularly vulnerable to opioid‐related policy change. This study aims to better understand what prescription opioids provide this population, what concerns they have in the context of new and changing opioid policies, such as the recently implemented prescription drug monitoring program in Victoria, Australia, their experiences of prescription opioid use, chronic pain and what they would like their healthcare to look like. Methods Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 30 people who use opioids to manage chronic non‐cancer pain. Results Prescription opioids played an important role in supporting quality of life and mental health. However, experiences of stigma and lack of empathy from healthcare providers were common. Participants sought accurate information about their medications and expressed a desire for shared decision‐making in healthcare. Discussion and Conclusion Prescription opioids can play an important role in pain management as well as social and psychological functioning for people living with non‐cancer chronic pain. Opioid‐related policy changes to medication availability need to consider the potential impacts that reducing, limiting or discontinuing opioids may have on this population. Including the voices of people who use prescription opioids to manage non‐cancer chronic pain in respectful, compassionate and meaningful ways.
The Retroperitoneal Space

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The retroperitoneal space (RPS) is a difficult compartment to approach and is easily forgotten when establishing a differential diagnosis for common complaints in pediatric practice. Even if life-threatening, disorders involving the RPS might manifest in an indolent manner encompassing a variety of processes, some of which are of inflammatory or degenerative etiologies. This case series and review aims to describe experiences of retroperitoneal diseases (RPDs) in a tertiary pediatric hospital, as well as evaluate the challenges they present, the median time to diagnosis (TTD), and alert to subtle signs that may suggest them.
Debridement, antimicrobials, and implant retention in the treatment of late acute and early acute Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic joint infections

Abstract Background Staphylococcus aureus is the most common microbe in prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). Debridement, antimicrobials, and implant retention (DAIR) are often-recommended treatment modality for acute PJIs, even though it has had relatively poor outcomes in some studies. In this study, we wanted to examine treatment results with a multidisciplinary team in a specialised centre and obtain further information for treatment decisions in acute Staphylococcus aureus PJIs. Methods All consecutive haematogenous late acute and postoperative early acute hip and knee Staphylococcus aureus PJIs treated with DAIR during 2011–2016 were included in this retrospective study. DAIR within three weeks from symptom onset and the exchange of modular parts were required. Results Eighty-five acute Staphylococcus aureus PJIs were treated with DAIR in 83 patients: 28 late acute and 57 early acute PJIs. The late acute PJI patients were older and had malignancies more often than the early acute PJI patients. Bacteraemia was present in 50.6% of Staphylococcus aureus PJI patients, more often in late acute (73.1%) than in early acute (40.4%) patients (p = .006). The implant was retained in 80.0%: 89.3% of the late acute and 75.4% of the early acute PJIs. In 17 joints, DAIR failed and the joint had to be removed. Fourteen of these joints were successfully replaced. One infection-related death occurred. The one-year all-cause mortality rate was 3.6%. Suppressive antimicrobial treatment was given to 22 (26.5%) patients. Conclusions Reasonably good treatment results for acute Staphylococcus aureus PJIs are achievable by DAIR in a specialised centre with a strict treatment protocol and a multidisciplinary team. If the DAIR fails, a two-stage exchange is usually still possible, with good results.
Not business as usual: Engaging the corporate sector in India’s TB elimination efforts

Abstract India has the highest global burden of tuberculosis (TB), accounting for a quarter of the worldwide TB disease incidence. Given the magnitude of India’s epidemic, TB has enormous economic implications. Indeed, the majority of individuals with TB disease are in their prime years of economic productivity. Absenteeism and employee turnover due to TB have economic ramifications for employers. Furthermore, TB can easily spread in the workplace and compound the economic impact. Employers who fund workplace, community, or national TB initiatives stand to gain directly and also enjoy reputational benefits, which are important in the era of socially conscious investing. Corporate social responsibility laws in India and tax incentives can be leveraged to bring the logistical networks, reach, and innovative spirit of the private sector to bear on India’s formidable TB epidemic. In this perspective piece, we explore the economic impacts of TB; opportunities for and benefits from businesses contributing to TB elimination efforts; and strategies to enlist India’s corporate sector in the fight against TB.
The Informational Theory of Investment: A Comparison with Behavioral Theories

This paper develops a new theory of investment based on a newly developed information theory. This new information theory states that information is the reduction of entropy, not only in a mathematical sense, as in Shannon's theory, but also in a physical sense. The rules of information transmission developed in Shannon's theory, as mathematical rules, apply not only to communication systems, but also to all living organisms, including human beings. We also develop a new theory of learning from this information theory. We then demonstrate that the new information theory provides the foundation to understand major market patterns. Compared with behavioral theories, the assumptions of the informational theory of investment are much simpler and the informational theory can provide much more precise understanding about market behaviors. When predictions from this informational theory and behavioral theory differ, empirical results are consistent with the informational theory.
Temperature change effects on marine fish range shifts: A meta‐analysis of ecological and methodological predictors

The current effects of global warming on marine ecosystems are predicted to increase, with species responding by changing their spatial distributions. Marine ectotherms such as fish experience elevated distribution shifts, as temperature plays a key role in physiological functions and delineating population ranges through thermal constraints. Distributional response predictions necessary for population management have been complicated by high heterogeneity in magnitude and direction of movements, which may be explained by both biological as well as methodological study differences. To date, however, there has been no comprehensive synthesis of the interacting ecological factors influencing fish distributions in response to climate change and the confounding methodological factors that can affect their estimation. In this study we analyzed published studies meeting criteria of reporting range shift responses to global warming in 115 taxa spanning all major oceanic regions, totaling 595 three‐dimensional population responses (latitudinal, longitudinal, and depth), with temperature identified as a significant driver. We found that latitudinal shifts were the fastest in non‐exploited, tropical populations, and inversely correlated with depth shifts which, in turn, dominated at the trailing edges of population ranges. While poleward responses increased with rate of temperature change and latitude, niche was a key factor in predicting both depth (18% of variation) and latitudinal responses (13%), with methodological predictors explaining between 10% and 28% of the observed variance in marine fish responses to temperature change. Finally, we found strong geographical publication bias and limited taxonomical scope, highlighting the need for more representative and standardized research in order to address heterogeneity in distribution responses and improve predictions in face of changing climate.
Classical ferroelectriclike behavior of highly ordered Pb ( S c 1 / 2 N b 1 / 2 ) O 3 studied by dielectric and Brillouin scattering spectroscopy

The ferroelectric phase transition behavior in the highly ordered $\mathrm{Pb}(\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{c}}_{1/2}\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{b}}_{1/2}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ has been investigated by the dielectric and Brillouin spectroscopy. The dielectric permittivity ${\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}_{r}$ exhibits a sharp maximum without any frequency dispersion at its Curie temperature ${T}_{c}$. In the temperature range far above ${T}_{c}$, it was noted that the dielectric permittivity exhibits a noticeable deviation from the Curie-Weiss law below the characteristic intermediate temperature ${T}^{*}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}500\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, which is common to most of the Pb-based oxide perovskite relaxors. Upon cooling, the frequency of the longitudinal acoustic phonon mode exhibits a remarkable softening towards ${T}_{c}$. The relaxation time of the order parameter calculated using the Landau-Khalatnikov approach was determined to be more than one order of magnitude lower than that of the disordered $\mathrm{Pb}(\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{c}}_{1/2}\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{b}}_{1/2}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and is very close to that observed in the paraelectric phase of the classical ferroelectric, $\mathrm{BaTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. The observed dielectric and relaxation features are qualitatively discussed in terms of the difference in the strength of the random electric fields.
The knee connectome: A novel tool for studying spatiotemporal change in cartilage thickness

Cartilage thickness change is a well‐documented biomarker of osteoarthritis pathogenesis. However, there is still much to learn about the spatial and temporal patterns of cartilage thickness change in health and disease. In this study, we develop a novel analysis method for elucidating such patterns using a functional connectivity approach. Descriptive statistics are reported for 1186 knees that did not develop osteoarthritis during the 8 years of observation, which we present as a model of cartilage thickness change related to healthy aging. Within the control population, patterns vary greatly between male and female subjects, while body mass index (BMI) has a more moderate impact. Finally, several differences are shown between knees that did and did not develop osteoarthritis. Some but not all significance appears to be accounted for by differences in sex, BMI, and knee alignment. With this work, we present the connectome as a novel tool for studying spatiotemporal dynamics of tissue change.
Pulse-Based Nutrition Education Intervention Among High School Students to Enhance Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices: Pilot for a Formative Survey Study

Background Promoting pulse consumption in schools could improve students’ healthy food choices. Pulses, described as legumes, are rich in protein and micronutrients and are an important food choice for health and well-being. However, most Canadians consume very little pulse-based food. Objective This pilot study sought to investigate outcomes of a teacher-led, school-based food literacy intervention focused on the Pulses Make Perfect Sense (PMPS) program in 2 high schools in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Methods Both high schools were selected using a convenience sampling technique and have similar sociodemographic characteristics. The mean age of students was 16 years. The intervention comprised 7 key themes focused on pulses, which included defining pulses; health and nutritional benefits of pulses; incorporating pulses into meals; the role of pulses in reducing environmental stressors, food insecurity, and malnutrition; product development; taste testing and sensory analysis; and pulses around the world. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitudes, practices, and barriers regarding pulse consumption in students at baseline and study end. Teachers were interviewed at the end of the intervention. Descriptive statistics and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test were used for analysis. Results In total, 41 and 32 students participated in the baseline and study-end assessments, respectively. At baseline, the median knowledge score was 9, attitude score was 6, and barrier score was 0. At study end, the median knowledge score was 10, attitude score was 7, and barrier score was 1. A lower score for barriers indicated fewer barriers to pulse consumption. There was a significant difference between baseline and study-end scores in knowledge (P<.05). Barriers to pulse consumption included parents not cooking or consuming pulses at home, participants not liking the taste of pulses, and participants often preferring other food choices over pulses. The teachers indicated that the pulse food-literacy teaching resources were informative, locally available, and easy to use. Conclusions Despite the improvements in knowledge, attitude, and practice, pulse consumption did not change significantly at the end of the intervention. Future studies with larger samples are needed to determine the impact of PMPS on knowledge, attitude, and practice of high school students.
Weak $F$-contractions and some fixed point results

In this paper we define weak $F$-contractions on a‎ ‎metric space into itself by extending $F$-contractions‎ ‎introduced by D‎. ‎Wardowski (2012) and provide some fixed point‎ ‎results in complete metric spaces and in partially ordered complete ‎generalized metric spaces‎. ‎Some relationships between weak‎ ‎$F$-contractions and $varphi$-contractions are highlighted‎. ‎We also ‎give some applications on fractal theory improving the classical‎ ‎Hutchinson-Barnsley's theory of iterated function systems‎. ‎Some‎ ‎illustrative examples are provided‎.
Upper Limb Spasticity

Objective The aim of the study is to assess the quality, readability, content, accessibility, and structure of online resources for patients with upper limb spasticity. Design This was a cross sectional study examined Internet searches across three search engines related to patient resources for upper limb spasticity. Search phrases for either hand or upper limb spasticity were used. The top 20 Websites from each search were evaluated using the four readability metrics and the DISCERN scale for quality assessment. YouTube videos with exact search phrases were evaluated using DISCERN. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. Results Thirty-six Websites and 33 videos met the inclusion criteria for this study. The average Flesh-Kincaid Grade Level of the Websites was 11.7 ± 3.1, showing low Website readability. According to this index, only two Websites were written at the suggested sixth-grade level (5.4%). With a maximum score of 75, the mean DISCERN score for both Websites and videos scored in the “good” range (53.5 ± 8 and 50.5 ± 6.6), respectively. Conclusions Current online resources for upper limb spasticity are good in quality but are written above the health literacy level of American citizens. Organizations should consider reviewing their present materials and developing high-quality patient education materials that are easier to understand.
Hospital Governance During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multiple-Country Case Study

ABSTRACT In response to the disruptions caused by COVID-19, hospitals around the world proactively or reactively developed and/or re-organized their governance structures to manage the COVID-19 response. Hospitals’ governance played a crucial role in their ability to reorganize and respond to the pressing needs of their staff. We discuss and compare six hospital cases from four countries on different continents: Brazil, Canada, France, and Japan. Our study examined how governance strategies (e.g., special task forces, communications management tools, etc.) were perceived by hospital staff. Key findings from a total of 177 qualitative interviews with diverse hospital stakeholders were analyzed using three categories drawn from the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies framework on health systems resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic: 1) delivering a clear and timely COVID-19 response strategy; 2) coordinating effectively within (horizontally) and across (vertically) levels of decision-making; and 3) communicating clearly and transparently with the hospital’s diverse stakeholders. Our study gleaned rich accounts for these three categories, highlighting significant variations across settings. These variations were primarily determined by the hospitals’ environment prior to the COVID-19 crisis, namely whether there already existed a culture of managerial openness (including spaces for social interactions among hospital staff) and whether preparedness planning and training had been routinely integrated into their activities.
17β-estradiol promotes extracellular vesicle release and selective miRNA loading in ERα-positive breast cancer

Significance The effects of hormones on EV production and loading are still unknown. We describe a mechanism linking estrogen and EVs in BC: 17β-estradiol increases EV production in ER+ BC cells in a dose-dependent manner and enriches specific miRNAs in their cargo, influencing macrophage activation. These effects were also identified in EVs derived from the blood of ER+ BC patients stratified on menopausal status and body mass index. Such findings can be used for biomarker development for BC risk stratification. We propose a unique mechanism in which estrogen promotes the tumor-suppressing miRNA export from ER+ BC cells, with possible implications in the tumor microenvironment. Such findings can be further exploited therapeutically to improve the ER+ BC patient’s survival.
A Winner's Curse for Econometric Models: On the Joint Distribution of In-Sample Fit and Out-of-Sample Fit and its Implications for Model Selection

We consider the case where a parameter, �; is estimated by maximizing a criterion function, Q(X;�). The estimate, ^ = ^(X); is then used to evaluate the criterion function with the same data, X, as well as with an independent data set, Y. The insample …t and out-of-sample …t relative to that of the true, or quasi-true, parameter, � � ; are de…ned by � = Q(X; ^) Q(X;� � ) and ~ = Q(Y; ^) Q(Y;� � ), respectively. We derive the joint limit distribution of (�;~) for a broad class of criterion functions and the
Radiation Dose Estimation from the Analysis of Radionuclides in Marine Fish of the Bay of Bengal

The concentrations of some natural radionuclides and fallout radionuclides in fifteen species of marine fish samples from the Bay of Bengal were determined using a p-type coaxial high purity Ge detector with 23% relative efficiency. In some body parts of the fish samples contamination by 137 Cs radionuclide was observed, 134 Cs was below detection level of 0.07 Bq.kg -1 . The 137 Cs concentrations in fish samples varied from 0.04 ± 0.03 to 1.50 ± 0.33 Bq.kg -1 . The potassium concentration was calculated from the observed 40 K activity concentration: these values ranged from 0.54 to 2.6 g.kg 1 . 226 Ra and 228 Ra concentrations of 0.10 to 1.66 Bq.kg -1 and 0.39 to 1.35 Bq.kg -1 were found, respectively. The annual effective doses due to ingestion of radionuclides from fish have been estimated to be 0.36 μSv for the natural 226 Ra and 228 Ra isotopes and only 3.5 nSv (0.0035 μSv) for the fallout radionuclide 137 Cs. The contribution of 137 Cs amounts to less than 2% of the effective dose caused by the naturally occurring 40 K.