Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Delivering Therapy to the Olfactory Cleft: A Comparison of the Various Methods of Administering Topical Nasal Medications

Background and objective Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory condition affecting the nasal mucosa, and it causes olfactory dysfunction (OD) in up to 78.2% of patients. Corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment to shrink nasal polyposis, reduce inflammation, and improve olfactory function. While many delivery methods for topical nasal corticosteroids exist, there is scarce data on the efficacy of the various medication delivery methods to the olfactory cleft (OC). In light of this, this study aimed to compare the following delivery methods to the OC: conventional nasal spray (NS), nasal drops in the Kaiteki position (KP), and exhalation delivery system (EDS). Methods We evaluated 16 sinonasal cavities from eight cadaver specimens in this study. Each sinonasal cavity was administered fluorescein dye solution via NS, KP, and EDS. Following administration, nasal endoscopy was employed to capture staining patterns in the OC. OC staining was rated with scores ranging from 0 (no staining) to 3 (heavy staining) after each administration of dye solution. Mean OC staining ratings were calculated and compared using the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results The mean OC staining score for the different delivery methods was as follows - NS: 1.095 ± 1.008, EDS: 0.670 ± 0.674, and KP: 2.038 ± 1.097. Nasal drops in the KP had a significantly higher staining score compared to NS (p=0.041) and EDS (p=0.003). However, there was no significant difference in staining scores between NS and EDS. Conclusions Nasal drops in the KP are more effective at reaching the OC than NS or EDS and should be considered as a first-line modality for administering topical medications when treating OD.
Vertical Barriers in Soil for Pollution Containment

Vertical barriers have evolved over the past fifteen years into a technique that is widely applied to restrict the underground movement of liquid wastes and polluted groundwater. Most applications are slurry cut-off walls, although there are several other techniques such as composite slurry walls and soil-mixing walls which show promise. Vertical barriers are used in applications both for new sites and for remediation of polluted sites. In both cases, the vertical barriers may be only one part of the remedial process and may be combined with other containment systems such as liners, or with remedial techniques such as leachate collection and treatment to provide a complete system. A case study is presented that describes a project where bentonite was determined to be unsuitable as an additive. Attapulgite was substituted for the bentonite and the project successfully constructed.
Evaluation of traffic noise pollution in a central area of Tehran through noise mapping in GIS

Although development in transportation system in economic-social fields is considered very useful for societies but nowadays noise pollution is known as one of the main environmental problems while it is the most important sources of pollution in crowded urban districts. Exposing with high noise level in capital cities may be resulted in disorder in daily activities in work place, school, and home because of reducing hearing, social behavior disorders, disorder in sleep, and cardiovascular diseases during a long time. The purpose of the study is going to analyze spatial characteristics of traffic noise in the urban district through measuring sound at 41 stations with residential, medical, educational, commercial-residential, and commercial uses in area 3 of district 6 of Tehran. Parameters including SPL, Lmin, Lmax, Leqav were measured during three intervals ranged from 7-9 am (peak traffic hours), 11-13 (non-peak traffic hours) and 57 pm (peak traffic hours) in fall,2010. Desired locations were distinguished on the map via GPS and were visualized and evaluated by using GIS. Noise in the mentioned district was analyzed based on three noise pollution zones: class 1 consisting of healthcare, educational and residential centers, class 2 consisting of commercial-residential centers, and Class 3 consisting of commercial centers. To demonstrate the effect of noise mapping on investigating the environmental noise, noise maps were produced according to the obtained data. The maximum and minimum average of noise level in this analysis were respectivelymeasured77.7 dB(A) from 7 a.m. to 9 a.m. at Qaem Maqam and Motahari intersection with commercial use and 57.8 dB(A) 5 p.m. to 7 p.m. in Seda&Sima school with educational use which are respectively 17.7 dB(A) and 2.8 dB(A) more than the standard level based on the quantities published by Iran’s Department of Environment. (DOE)In regard to the high level of equivalent noise in all research conducted in the area under investigation, implementing strategies to control the noise in this area is necessary
Material Transport In The Inner Shelf Of The Northern Gulf Of Mexico

Abstract : Material transport is investigated in the northern Gulf of Mexico with field observations obtained within the inner shelf, offshore of a beach where oil washed ashore following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. In the fall, winter, and spring, extratropical cold air outbreaks frequently pass from the north, northwest across the nearly latitudinal coastline and experiment site, bringing winds that are stronger in the cross-shore than alongshore. Cross-shore winds drive depth-averaged along-shelf currents through an ageostrophic balance with the cross-shelf pressure gradient force and Coriolis force. Eulerian Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler and Lagrangian GPS-drifter-measured surface ( 1 m) currents differ from depth-averaged subsurface currents, and are 47 times larger than theoretical estimates of wind and wave-driven surface flow. Differences in surface flow are attributed to the presence of a buoyant river plume. Plume boundary fronts are sources of horizontal velocity and density gradients where drifters converge, slow, and are redirected. When the plume extended along the coast, 100% of drifters deployed offshore of the plume were barred from the beach. Plume kinematics and thickness, expected to be important for sustainment of the barrier, are examined with a one-year record of velocity observations in 10 m water depth.
Effect of Sowing Time on Growth and Yield of Sweet Corn Cultivars

Maize is the third most important cereal after rice and wheat in the world agriculture to provide food, feed and source for numerous industrial products. Maize is cultivated in tropical, sub-tropical and temperate countries of the world. India is the seventh largest producer of maize with 14.06 million tonnes of production from 7.18 million hectares, with a productivity of 1959 kg ha -1 (Anonymous, 2011). In Andhra Pradesh, during the year 2011, it is grown over an area of 7.44 lakh ha with a production of 39.53 lakh tonnes and productivity of 5317 kg ha -1 (Annual Report 2011, ANGRAU, Hyderabad). Among the various specialty corns, sweet corn is a mutant type, with one or more recessive alleles in homozygous condition, which enables the endosperm to accumulate twice the sugar content as that of the seed corn (Creech, 1965). In order to best utilize the moisture, nutrients and solar radiation and for obtaining high seed yield of good quality, optimum time of sowing should be identified. Since the area under post-rainy season maize crop is increasing in recent years, it is essential to find out an optimum sowing with suitable cultivar for sweet corn crop during rabi season. Experimental evidence regarding the response of sweet corn cultivars to varied times of sowing on sandy loam soils in Southern Agro-climatic Zone of Andhra Pradesh is lacking. Keeping the facts in view, a field experiment entitled “Performance of sweet corn cultivars under varied times of sowing” was conducted during rabi, 2011-12. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 4 (2017) pp. 777-782 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Exploring Residents’ Healthcare Utilization under the Family Physician Contract Service System in China: Implications for Primary Healthcare

Chinese government promoted a family physician contract service system in order to establish a tiered healthcare system in June 2016, but there was little evidence to assess the policy performance. This study aimed to examine the association of family physician contract services with the healthcare utilization of community residents in urban China. A cross-sectional face-to-face survey was conducted from July to September, 2019, in four advanced and exemplary cities for family physician contract services in China. A multistage cluster random sampling method was adopted to recruit residents aged 18 and above, and a total of 1508 participants were included in this study. The count model and logit regression were adopted to examine the associations between family physician contract service and healthcare utilization, and the potential bias was addressed using the propensity score matching (PSM) method. There was an increase in number of monthly primary care visits and annual referrals for contracted residents compared to noncontracted residents. Participants who had contracted with a family physician were more likely to choose a primary healthcare facility after illness than those who had not. However, no significant change was found in the number of annual hospital admissions between contracted and noncontracted residents. Family physician contract services may effectively strengthen the use of primary care facilities by community residents and promote the formation of a tiered healthcare system in China.
A Note on the Cointegration of Consumption, Income, and Wealth

Lettau and Ludvigson (2001) argue that a log-linearized approximation to an aggregate budget constraint predicts that log consumption, assets, and labor income will be cointegrated. They conclude that this cointegrating relationship is present in U.S. data, and that the estimated cointegrating residual forecasts future asset growth. This note examines whether the cointegrating relationship suggested by Lettau and Ludvigson's theoretical framework actually exists. We demonstrate that we cannot reject the hypothesis that cointegration is absent from the data once we employ measures of consumption, assets, and labor income that are jointly consistent with an underlying budget constraint. By contrast, Lettau and Ludvigson use a set of variables that do not belong together in an aggregate budget constraint, thereby testing a cointegrating relationship that is not implied by their theory.
Impacts of uncertainty in land surface information on simulated surface temperature and precipitation over China

This study mainly focuses on the effects of uncertainty in land surface information on mesoscale numerical simulation. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was used to simulate meteorological fields over China at a spatial resolution of 10 km during 2006. Near‐surface temperature and precipitation values obtained from WRF were evaluated using site observations. The effects of accurate and updated land surface information, including Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data, Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) land use data, vegetation fraction derived from MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD) data (LAST simulation), on WRF's performance were investigated by comparison with a simulation using the default land surface information (BASE simulation). WRF reproduced the temporal and spatial variations of near‐surface temperature and precipitation over China accurately, although its performance varied significantly by season and region. WRF underestimated near‐surface temperatures in most areas of the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, the Tibetan Plateau, the Northeast Plain, and the southeastern coastal regions, but temperatures were overestimated in most areas of the North China Plain, the Loess Plateau, Sichuan Basin, and western Xinjiang. WRF overestimated (underestimated) precipitation in most humid (arid) areas. A positive (negative) bias in simulated precipitation is found in summer (winter). With updated land surface information, WRF's performance in terms of both daily average values and extremes improved, and the root mean squared error values for daily mean temperature and daily accumulated precipitation decreased by 7 and 2.3%. These improvements are significant for temperature, but not significant for precipitation. The uncertainty in land surface information has a greater influence on temperature than on precipitation. These findings are very important for weather forecasting and studies involving climatological analyses covering East Asia.
Antiviral Potential of Azathioprine and Its Derivative 6- Mercaptopurine: A Narrative Literature Review

The use of azathioprine (AZA) in human medicine dates back to research conducted in 1975 that led to the development of several drugs, including 6-mercaptopurine. In 1958, it was shown that 6-mercaptopurine decreased the production of antibodies against earlier administered antigens, raising the hypothesis of an immunomodulatory effect. AZA is a prodrug that belongs to the thiopurine group of drugs that behave as purine analogs. After absorption, it is converted into 6-mercaptopurine. Subsequently, it can be degraded through various enzymatic pathways into inactive compounds and biologically active compounds related to the mechanism of action, which has been the subject of study to evaluate a possible antiviral effect. This study aims to examine the metabolism, mechanism of action, and antiviral potential of AZA and its derivatives, exploring AZA impact on antiviral targets and adverse effects through a narrative literature review. Ultimately, the review will provide insights into the antiviral mechanism, present evidence of its in vitro effectiveness against various DNA and RNA viruses, and suggest in vivo studies to further demonstrate its antiviral effects.
Potential Factors Influencing Complete Functional Recovery in Traumatized Unowned Cats with Orthopedic Lesions—A Cohort Study

Simple Summary Unowned free-roaming cats are companion cats who are lost or abandoned and who are living individually or in a feline group. The status of unowned cats influences the incidence of pathology compared to owned cats. Trauma is one of the most frequent causes of hospitalization in this population. Little is known regarding the outcome of traumatic orthopedic injuries in these patients. The present study aimed to identify the factors that could influence the ability to move well and maintain normal behaviors (complete functional recovery, CFR) in traumatized unowned cats with orthopedic lesions. All cats referred by the veterinary public service to a veterinary teaching hospital, over a three-year period, were enrolled. Various clinical variables were retrospectively evaluated. Forty-eight unowned cats were included in the study, of which thirty-four had CFR. Higher body weight and a longer time from trauma to therapeutic intervention were associated with CFR. These results showed that lighter cats who survived to presentation experienced more severe consequences following blunt trauma and emergency procedures were associated with a poorer prognosis. Five of the fourteen patients who did not reach CFR died due to feline panleukopenia. Overall, unowned cats with traumatic orthopedic injuries showed a good prognosis. Abstract The management of unowned cats is an emerging problem, with public institutions and citizens’ concerns regarding their care and arrangement. Little is known regarding the outcome of traumatic orthopedic injuries in these patients. Indeed, complete functional recovery (CFR) should be the goal of treatment for return to their original location or adoption. The aim was to identify clinical factors influencing CFR in traumatized unowned cats with orthopedic lesions. This category of cats referred by the veterinary public service over three years was enrolled. Various clinical variables were retrospectively collected from the medical records and evaluated by nominal logistic analysis. Forty-eight unowned cats were enrolled, with a median estimated age of 24 (1–180) months and a body weight of 3 (0.7–5) kg. Thirty-four (71%) patients reached CFR. Estimated age, body weight, time from trauma to therapeutic intervention, spine involvement, presence of comorbidities, hospitalization time, and the radiographic score results were significantly associated with CFR. A longer time to therapeutic intervention seemed to be associated with a better outcome. Probably, cats severely traumatized did not live long enough to be evaluated and treated. Lighter cats experienced more severe consequences following blunt trauma. Younger and lighter cats bore a higher risk of panleukopenia-related death.
Tracking Fish and Human Response to Earthquakes on the Northwest Coast of Washington State, USA: A Preliminary Study at Tse-whit-zen

ABSTRACT Evidence of large earthquakes occurring along the Pacific Northwest Coast is reflected in coastal stratigraphy from Oregon to British Columbia, where there also exists an extensive archaeological record of Native American occupation. Tse-whit-zen, a large Native American village dating between ∼2800 yrs BP and the historic era, located on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State, was excavated with exceptionally fine stratigraphic control allowing for precise comparison of these natural and cultural records. Here we report on the ∼10,000 fish remains from one 2 × 2 m excavation block; this assemblage spans the timing of one seismic event, allowing study of changes in relative taxonomic abundance through time that may coincide with earthquakes or other environmental changes. Results indicate a wide variety of fish taxa were used throughout the dated occupation. Comparisons of fish use before and after one earthquake event shows a decline in salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.) and an increase in herring (Clupea pallasii), shifts consistent with earthquake-related habitat loss. This serves as a pilot study for a large-scale collaborative project that is drawing on the range in animal types (invertebrates, mammals, birds, and fishes) to assess human response to gradual and abrupt environmental change at Tse-whit-zen.
Division sociale de l'espace et globalisation. Le cas de la métropole parisienne

Résumé Les tendances actuelles de transformation de la division sociale de l’espace dans la métropole francilienne peuvent-elles être analysées comme des conséquences du processus de globalisation et du passage de Paris au statut de ville globale? Si le «tertiaire global» des multinationales, des marchés financiers et de leurs activités associées apparaît effectivement comme la composante dont la croissance oriente actuellement le processus de restructuration économique de l’Île-de-France, il ne représente qu’une part minoritaire de l’économie de la région, et d’autres composantes restent importantes, certaines pouvant même s’inscrire dans d’autres logiques de globalisation. Les transformations de la structure sociale d’ensemble de la région métropolitaine, loin de se conformer au modèle de la dualisation sociale proposé par S. Sassen, révèlent plutôt un glissement général favorable aux catégories supérieures et, dans une moindre mesure, moyennes. La chute des effectifs ouvriers n’est que partiellement compensée par la croissance d’un nouveau prolétariat tertiaire. Quant à la dualisation spatiale, elle se manifeste effectivement dans les espaces de la région qui étaient déjà les plus polarisés socialement espace les plus bourgeois et les plus ouvriers —, mais elle ne caractérise pas l’évolution de la majorité des communes de la région, où l’on observe toujours différents types de mélanges sociaux, malgré la hiérarchisation sociale indéniable.
Therapeutic Immunomodulation in Gastric Cancer

Simple Summary Immune checkpoint inhibition is a targeted therapeutic approach in some advanced or metastatic gastric cancer (GC) patients. This review provides elaborated information on various immune therapeutic inhibitors in gastric cancer undergoing clinical trials. Abstract Gastric carcinoma, being one of the most prevalent types of solid tumors, has emerged as the third leading cause of death worldwide. The symptoms of gastric cancer (GC) are typically complex, which makes early detection challenging. Immune checkpoint inhibition has become the new standard targeted therapy for advanced or metastatic GC. It is currently being explored in various combinations, both with and without chemotherapy, across multiple therapies in clinical trials. Immunotherapy can stimulate immune responses in GC patients, leading to the destruction of cancer cells. Compared with traditional therapies, immunotherapy has shown strong effectiveness with tolerable toxicity levels. Hence, this innovative approach to the treatment of advanced GC has gained popularity. In this review, we have outlined the recent advancements in immunotherapy for advanced GC, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, vascular endothelial growth factor-A inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. Our current emphasis is on examining the immunotherapies presently employed in clinical settings, addressing the existing challenges associated with these therapeutic approaches, and exploring promising strategies to overcome their limitations.
Neutrino emission from the direction of the blazar TXS 0506+056 prior to the IceCube-170922A alert

A high-energy neutrino event detected by IceCube on 22 September 2017 was coincident in direction and time with a gamma-ray flare from the blazar TXS 0506+056. Prompted by this association, we investigated 9.5 years of IceCube neutrino observations to search for excess emission at the position of the blazar. We found an excess of high-energy neutrino events, with respect to atmospheric backgrounds, at that position between September 2014 and March 2015. Allowing for time-variable flux, this constitutes 3. 5σ evidence for neutrino emission from the direction of TXS 0506+056, independent of and prior to the 2017 flaring episode. This suggests that blazars are identifiable sources of the high-energy astrophysical neutrino flux.
The collaborative relationship between teachers and occupational therapists in junior primary mainstream schools

A qualitative research study was conducted to explore collaboration between teachers and occupational therapists in junior primary mainstream schools. A purposive sample of teachers and occupational therapists was selected in the eThekwini district, Kwa-zulu Natal. Two focus groups interviews were conducted — one with teachers and one with occupational therapists. In addition, two in-depth individual interviews with a representative from each profession were conducted. These interviews were audio taped and transcribed and thematic analysis was adopted to identify themes and sub themes. The primary themes were (1) Benefits of collaboration, (2) Methods of collaboration (3) Attitudes (4) Obstacles in the collaborative relationship, and (5) Methods of overcoming obstacles. Factors such as limited knowledge about the role of occupational therapy, attitudes of teachers towards occupational therapists and time were identified as barriers to a collaborative relationship between occupational therapists and teachers. KEY WORDS collaboration, relationship, learner, mainstream, teacher, occupational therapy