Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Greywater reuse for different purposes in Sweden

Preface This study presents the results of a collaborative work between the Urban Water Engineering research group at Luleå University of Technology (LTU) and the consultancy firm AFRY, a work that was conducted within the Greywater Management for Water Re-Use (WAVE 2 ) project. The study was undertaken by Frida Isaksson (AFRY) with supervision and audit by Inga Herrmann and Elisabeth Kvarnström (LTU). The WAVE 2 project was funded by Formas, within the National Research Programme on Oceans and Waters and was a collaboration between Luleå University of Technology and Region Gotland. The vision of the project was to implement an integrated greywater circulation system in the new district of Visborg in Gotland, to reduce the pressure on potable water sources. Hence, the aim of this study was to provide knowledge necessary to understand how greywater can be recycled and re-used in society. Accordingly, this study covers a literature review which provides a state-of-the-art of published scientific literature concerning the characteristics and treatment of greywater, as well as an overview of the legal framework that would govern the reuse of greywater for different end-usages.
Modelling procurement eﬀects on cooperation

Cooperative arrangements, such as partnering, have received increased interest in recent years. Several studies show however that cooperative relationships are not easily achieved in construction. Implementation of cooperative relationships requires changes in several elements of the traditional procurement procedures. The purpose of this paper is therefore to propose and test a sequential model regarding clients’ cooperative procurement procedures. We especially ask: what elements in clients’ procurement procedures facilitate the establishment of cooperation and trust in their relationships with contractors? The model was tested through structural equation modelling. The empirical data required for the test were collected through a survey responded to by 87 Swedish professional construction clients. The empirical results show that cooperative procurement procedures are triggered by clients’ wish to involve contractors early in specification, which has a simultaneous effect on procedures regarding bid invitation and compensation. Furthermore, these simultaneous effects breed a certain kind of partner selection based on task-related attributes, which also has a direct positive effect on trust and above all on cooperation in client–contractor relationships. Besides these implications from the model, the improvement of measurements for future modelling is discussed.
INSIDER THREATS: PROFILING POTENTIAL MALICIOUS ATTACKS, SEVERITY AND IMPACT

The insider threat that organizations and cooperation face today is a real and serious issue that has become increasingly difficult to address as time has passed. More complex approaches must be researched and developed for reliable recognition, detection, and response to insider threats. One way to achieve this is by identifying and classifying diverse viewpoints of insider threats. Various studies focused on comprehending and mitigating insider threats by developing different taxonomies and terminologies relating to insiders, insider threats, and insider attacks. However, few are concerned about the severity and impact of insider threats to an organization. Therefore, this paper proposes a taxonomy for profiling potential malicious attacks, highlighting severity to determine the impact of insider threats and the prioritization of vulnerability remediation activities
Investigating the impact of cold agglutinins on red blood cell parameters in a trauma patient: A case Report

Cold agglutinins are autoantibodies that can cause agglutination or clumping of red blood cells (RBCs) at temperatures below normal body temperature. This case report discusses a 37-year-old male patient who suﬀered from multiple injuries due to a motorcycle accident. The patient’s laboratory tests revealed a high level of cold agglutinins, which resulted in abnormal RBC parameters. The study aims to investigate the impact of cold agglutinins on RBC parameters in a trauma patient. The ﬁndings of this case report highlight the importance of recognizing cold agglutinins in trauma patients to avoid misinterpretation of laboratory results.
Heterobasidion spp. colonization and T. borchii mycorrhization rate assessment

The effects of plant symbionts on host defence responses against pathogens have been extensively documented, but little is known on impact of pathogens on the symbiosis and if such impact may differ for non-native and native pathogens. Here, this issue was addressed by working on the model system comprising Pinus pinea , its ectomycorrhizal symbiont Tuber borchii, the non-native and native pathogens Heterobasidion irregulare and H. annosum , respectively.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Not all cows are epidemiologically equal

Many economically important cattle diseases spread between herds through livestock movements. Traditionally, most transmission models have assumed that all purchased cattle carry the same risk of generating outbreaks in the destination herd. Using data on bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in Scotland as a case example, this study provides empirical and theoretical evidence that the risk of disease transmission varies substantially based on the animal and herd demographic characteristics at the time of purchase. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that purchasing pregnant heifers and open cows sold with a calf at foot were associated with an increased risk of beef herds being seropositive for BVDV. Based on the results from a dynamic within-herd simulation model, these findings may be partly explained by the age-related probability of animals being persistently infected with BVDV as well as the herd demographic structure at the time of animal introductions. There was also evidence that an epidemiologically important network statistic, “ betweenness centrality ” (a measure frequently associated with the potential for herds to acquire and transmit disease), was significantly higher for herds that supplied these particular types of replacement beef cattle. The trends for dairy herds were not as clear, although there was some evidence that open heifers and open lactating cows were associated with an increased risk of BVDV. Overall, these findings have important implications for developing simulation models that more accurately reflect the industry-level transmission dynamics of infectious cattle diseases.
magnetron sputtering deposition and columnar growth of nc-TiC/a-C

TiC/ a -C:H coatings were deposited using closed-ﬁeld unbalanced reactive magnetron sputtering deposition from Ti targets. Different acetylene gas ﬂow and substrate bias values were employed to vary the coatings’ compositions and microstructures. The application of an external negative substrate bias increased the deposition rate of the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process from the reactive atmosphere. The sputtering of carbonaceous species from the poisoned targets surface was a minor source of C ﬂux to the substrates. The application of an external substrate bias during deposition yielded ﬁlms with a featureless cross-sectional structure, but the dominant parameter controlling the columnar growth was the chemical composition of the ﬁlms. An explanation of this effect was formulated based on the microstructures observed and the deposition technique employed. © 2006 American Vacuum Society. (cid:3) DOI: 10.1116/1.2188411 (cid:4)
The eﬀects of background noise on a biophysical model of olfactory bulb mitral cells

The spiking activity of mitral cells (MC) in the olfactory bulb is a key attribute in olfactory sensory information processing to downstream cortical areas. A more detailed understanding of the modulation of MC spike statistics could shed light on mechanistic studies of olfactory bulb circuits, and olfactory coding. We study the spike response of a recently developed single-compartment biophysical MC model containing 7 known ionic currents and calcium dynamics subject to constant current input with background white noise. We observe rich spiking dynamics even with constant current input, including multi-modal peaks in the interspike interval distribution (ISI) . Although weak to moderate background noise for a ﬁxed current input does not change the ﬁring rate much, the spike dynamics can change dramatically, exhibiting non-monotonic spike variability not commonly observed in standard neuron models. We explain these dynamics with a phenomenological model of the ISI probability density function. Our study clariﬁes some of the complexities of MC spiking dynamics.
Dynamic morphology of gas hydrate on a methane bubble in water: Observations and new insights for hydrate film models

Predicting the fate of subsea hydrocarbon gases escaping into seawater is complicated by potential formation of hydrate on rising bubbles that can enhance their survival in the water column, allowing gas to reach shallower depths and the atmosphere. The precise nature and influence of hydrate coatings on bubble hydrodynamics and dissolution is largely unknown. Here we present high‐definition, experimental observations of complex surficial mechanisms governing methane bubble hydrate formation and dissociation during transit of a simulated oceanic water column that reveal a temporal progression of deep‐sea controlling mechanisms. Synergistic feedbacks between bubble hydrodynamics, hydrate morphology, and coverage characteristics were discovered. Morphological changes on the bubble surface appear analogous to macroscale, sea ice processes, presenting new mechanistic insights. An inverse linear relationship between hydrate coverage and bubble dissolution rate is indicated. Understanding and incorporating these phenomena into bubble and bubble plume models will be necessary to accurately predict global greenhouse gas budgets for warming ocean scenarios and hydrocarbon transport from anthropogenic or natural deep‐sea eruptions.
Informal Logic Amenable Argumentation Approach Accommodating Emotional Arguments Approche d’argumentation amenable Accepter les arguments émotionnels

This paper summarizes various interpretations of emotional arguments, with a focus on the emotional mode of argument introduced in the multi-modal argumentation model (Gilbert, 1994). From there the author shifts from a descriptive account of emotional arguments to a discussion about a normative framework. Pointing out problems with evaluative models of the emotional mode, a paradigmatic shift captured by the Amenable Argumentation Approach is explained as a Abstract: This paper summarizes various interpretations of emotional arguments, with a focus on the emotional mode of argument introduced in the multi-modal argumentation model (Gilbert, 1994). From there the author shifts from a descriptive account of emotional arguments to a discussion about a normative framework. Pointing out problems with evaluative models of the emotional mode, a paradigmatic shift captured by the Amenable Argumentation Approach is explained as a way forward for the advancement of the emotional mode and multi-modal argumentation. interprétations des arguments émotionnels, en mettant l'accent sur le mode d'argument émotionnel introduit dans le modèle d'argumentation multimodal (Gilbert, 1994). De là, l'auteur passe d'un récit descriptif d'arguments émotionnels à une discussion sur un cadre norma-tif. Soulignant les problèmes des modèles évaluatifs du mode émotionnel, l'auteur décrit un changement de paradigme capturé par l'approche d'argumentation comme une voie à suivre pour l'avancement du mode émotionnel et de l'argumentation multimodale.
Bentonite pore distribution based on SAXS, chloride exclusion and NMR studies

Abstract Water-saturated bentonite is planned to be used in many countries as an important barrier component in high-level nuclear waste (HLW) repositories. Knowledge about the microstructure of the bentonite and the distribution of water between interlayer (IL) and non-interlayer (non-IL) pores is important for modelling of long-term processes. In this work the microstructure of water-saturated samples prepared from MX-80 bentonite was studied with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and small-angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy (SAXS) coupled with chloride exclusion modelling. The sample dry densities ranged between 0.7 and 1.6 g/cm3. The NMR technique was used to get information about the relative amounts of different water types. Water in smaller volume domains has a shorter relaxation time than that in larger domains due to the average closer proximity of the water to the paramagnetic Fe at the layer surfaces. The results were obtained using 1H NMR T1ρ relaxation time measurements with the short inter-pulse CPMG method. The interpretation of the NMR results was made by fitting a sum of discrete exponentials to the observed decay curves. The SAXS measurement on bentonite samples was used to get information about the size distribution of the IL distance of montmorillonite. The chloride porosity measurements and Donnan exclusion calculations were used together with the SAXS results to evaluate the bentonite microstructure. In the model, the montmorillonite layers were organized in stacks having IL water between the layers and non-IL water between the stacks. In the modelling, the number of layers in the stacks was used as fitting parameters which determined the IL and non-IL surface areas. The fitting parameters were adjusted so that the modelled chloride concentration was equal to the measured one. The NMR studies and SAXS studies coupled with the Cl porosity measurements provided very similar pictures of how the porewater is divided in two phases in bentonite.
Workers, capitalists, and the government: fiscal policy and income (re)distribution

Highlights • Propose a tractable capitalist-worker New Keynesian model to study the interaction of household heterogeneity and fiscal policy. • Modeling limited asset market participation through portfolio adjustment costs generates a realistic pattern of intertemporal marginal propensities to consume. • The capitalist-worker structures ensures that the transmission of demand shocks under sticky prices does not rely on income effects on labor supply induced by countercyclical markups. • Relative to the predictions of the traditional two-agent model, fiscal multipliers are smaller; and the sensitivity of the output path to public deficits is dampened. • Overall, the model matches the implications of richer Heterogeneous-Agent New Keynesian (HANK) models in key respects, while remaining analytically tractable.
Uncertainty and sensitivity in a bank stability model: implications for estimating phosphorus loading

Eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems is one of the most pressing water quality concerns in the United States and around the world. Bank erosion has been largely overlooked as a source of nutrient loading, despite field studies demonstrating that this source can account for the majority of the total phosphorus load in a watershed. Substantial effort has been made to develop mechanistic models to predict bank erosion and instability in stream systems; however, these models do not account for inherent natural variability in input values. To quantify the impacts of this omission, uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were performed on the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM), a mechanistic model developed by the US Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service (USDA‐ARS) that simulates both mass wasting and fluvial erosion of streambanks. Generally, bank height, soil cohesion, and plant species were found to be most influential in determining stability of clay (cohesive) banks. In addition to these three inputs, groundwater elevation, stream stage, and bank angle were also identified as important in sand (non‐cohesive) banks. Slope and bank height are the dominant variables in fluvial erosion modeling, while erodibility and critical shear stress had low sensitivity indices; however, these indices do not reflect the importance of critical shear stress in determining the timing of erosion events. These results identify important variables that should be the focus of data collection efforts while also indicating which less influential variables may be set to assumed values. In addition, a probabilistic Monte‐Carlo modeling approach was applied to data from a watershed‐scale sediment and phosphorus loading study on the Missisquoi River, Vermont to quantify uncertainty associated with these published results. While our estimates aligned well with previous deterministic modeling results, the uncertainty associated with these predictions suggests that they should be considered order of magnitude estimates only. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between the development of the financial sector and economic growth - a regional approach

The intense debate on the impact of the growing financial sector on the economy has been ongoing for two decades. The debaters concentrate on showing these dependencies in relation to the economies of individual countries as a whole while completely ignoring the regional perspective. Meanwhile, the results of analyses at the regional level may completely differ from the results at the country level. A niche area was identified in work on the relations between the development of the financial sector and economic growth: the lack of a regional approach. In the manuscript, regional research results using the example of Polish regions, and further possibilities of using research from a regional perspective are presented. The results obtained at the regional level lead to different conclusions than those at the national level. National surveys indicate that Poland is a country in which the level of development of the financial sector is optimal. Regional research provides knowledge of Poland’s regions, where further development of the financial sector remains beneficial. The presented methodology can also be applied to the analysis of regions of other countries, and the present research constitutes the verification of research tools for international analyses.
: The

1 Objectives: The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between forms of pas-2 sion (harmonious and obsessive) and athlete burnout, and whether these relationships are me-3 diated by self-determined motivation. The proposed model posited that because harmonious 4 passion originates from an authentic self, it will be positively associated with self-determined 5 regulation. Conversely, because obsessive passion originates from ego-invested structures 6 within the self, it will be negatively associated with self-determined regulation. In turn, con-7 sistent with research examining the relationship between motivation regulation and athlete 8 burnout, self-determined regulation was expected to be negatively associated with athlete 9 burnout. 10 Design: Cross-sectional survey . 11 Method: This model was tested in 149 ( M age = 16.2, s = 2.0, range = 12-21) male junior ath-12 letes who attended soccer academies in the UK. Participants completed the Passion Scale 13 (Vallerand et al, 2003), the Sport Motivation Scale (Pelletier et al, 1995), and the Athlete 14 Burnout Questionnaire (Raedeke & Smith, 2001). 15 Results: Harmonious passion was negatively related to a latent athlete burnout variable, 16 whereas obsessive passion was unrelated to a latent athlete burnout variable. Path analysis 17 indicated that the relationship between harmonious passion and burnout was fully mediated 18 by self-determined regulation. 19 Conclusions: The results suggest that harmonious passion may offer some protection from 20 burnout for athletes due to higher levels of self-determined motivation. 21
Factors affecting retail b2b relationship quality in Egypt

Purpose - logistics service quality is becoming a vital tool for delivering superior logistics service performance and creating customer satisfaction. This paper examined the influence of logistics service quality dimensions (LSQ) on supplier's retailer satisfaction. While highlighting the importance of relationship quality with retailers satisfaction on improving the performance on suppliers – retailers relationship. Design/methodology - literature review was highlighted from many different approaches and perspectives for logistics service quality, customer satisfaction and Relationship quality, these approaches were used to derive the hypotheses that was used in the research , A quantitative analysis that had been done through using self administrative questionnaire collected 143 retailers – distributed in Alexandria - discovered the differences and particularities linked to the importance and perceived characteristics of logistical services . Findings - The results identified two dimensions of logistics service quality (Personnel Contact quality and timeliness) have a great effect on retailers' satisfaction, it was clear that a higher level of retailer satisfaction leads to high relationship quality. The validity and reliability tests were tested. Research limitations/implications - In this study the sample was only collected from Alexandria city which limit the generalisability of the research results Originality/value – This paper presented a framework of logistics service quality dimensions on supplier's retailer satisfaction while highlighting the importance of relationship quality with retailers satisfaction on improving the performance on suppliers – retailers relationship in the supply chain from business to business perspective.
Characterization of Mug33 Reveals Complementary Roles for Actin Cable-dependent Transport and Exocyst Regulators in Fission Yeast Exocytosis

Characterization of Mug33 reveals complementary roles for actin cable-dependent transport and exocyst regulators in fission yeast exocytosis' General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact openaccess@ed.ac. uk providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Introduction The interplay between actin filaments and subcellular vesicles is a key feature of membrane trafficking in yeast. Work in budding yeast from the 1970s onwards has identified many of the key molecules and mechanisms governing efficient endocytosis and exocytosis (Novick et al., 1980; Riezman, 1985), including several proteins regulating actin dynamics (Galletta and Cooper, 2009). During endocytosis, actin patches at the cell membrane are recruited to drive vesicle internalization (Gourlay et al. Once internalized, vesicles are transported on actin cables to an endosomal compartment (Huckaba et al., 2004). During exocytosis, actin cables are used for type V myosin-dependent transport of exocytic vesicles from the post-Golgi compartment to the plasma membrane (Govindan et al. The exocyst, a multiprotein complex essential for polarized secretion in cell types from yeast to mammals, functions to tether exocytic vesicles at the plasma membrane before SNARE-mediated