Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Ontogeny of Attachment in Childhood

during the 1940s and 1950s, a number of emerging studies suggested that very young children, when separated from their mothers for a considerable period of time, proceed through a series of reactions that have become known as protest, despair, and detachment (e.g., Burlingham & Freud, 1944; Robertson, 1953). These or similar reactions were so common, despite variations in the care received by the child, that John Bowlby departed from the contemporary scientific and clinical consensus and decided that the loss of the specific mother figure was the most important factor in these reactions. From here, Bowlby went on to develop his “ethological–control systems” theory of the infant’s tie, or attachment, to his or her mother or primary caregiver (Bowlby, 1958, 1969/1982, 1973, 1980). In a partnership that went on to span nearly 40 years, Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth (1967; Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978), among others, sought to answer questions such as the following:
Government expenditures in the support of technological innovations and impact on stock market and real economy: the empirical evidence from the US and Germany

Research background: The current changes in the global stock markets are related to the next wave of the industrial revolution “Industry 4.0”. It is expected that the Industry 4.0 will lead to an acceleration of the innovation process and growth of volumes of tailor-made products. The stock markets started to react to the upcoming technological changes over the last decade, which are reflected by the changes in the composition of the major stock indices where the technological sector started to grow in importance. But innovations are not only connected with the specialized technological sector, but they are also of direct concern to the whole spectrum of economic entities. Besides the private investments that are usually allocated via the stock market, also the public sector investments play an important role. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between government expenditures on research and development (R&D) and stock markets (and GDP) in the US and in Germany. Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, 15(4), 717–734 718 Methods: We use the tools of descriptive analysis as well as correlation and regression methods of estimation. Findings & Value added: Our research confirms that the collection of data on R&D on annual basis for Germany and the US is insufficient for analytical and systemic management purposes. The real effects of investments in the R&D are time lagged. The regression analysis of annual data confirms only the statistical importance of patent applications as well as interest rate and stock index as independent variables in explanation of variability of real economy growth during the 1985–2017 period. Our model did not prove the significance of government expenditures. We can explain it, among others, by the fact that governments do not pay sufficient attention to the challenges yet, which are associated with the Industry 4.0, especially in the US, where the government expenditures in R&D gradually decrease. The governments in both economies try to increase their support, but fiscal sustainability is a limiting factor.
Possible prospects for using modern magnesium preparations for increasing stress resistance during COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction: The relevance of the issue of increasing stress resistance is due to a significant deterioration in the mental health of the population caused by the special conditions of the disease control and prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently, the decisive role in the severity of clinico-physiological manifestations of maladjustment to stress is assigned to magnesium ions. The aim of the work was to study the magnesium importance in the body coping mechanisms under stress for the pathogenetic substantiation of the magnesium correction in an unfavorable situation of disease control and prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: The theoretical basis of this scientific and analytical review was an analysis of modern Russian and foreign literature data posted on the electronic portals MEDLINE, PubMed-NCBI, Scientific Electronic Library eLIBRARY.RU, Google Academy, and CyberLeninka. Results and discussion: It was shown that the total magnesium level in the body plays the indicator role of the body functional reserves. Acute and chronic stresses significantly increase the magnesium consumption and cause a decrease in its body content. Magnesium deficiency is one of the main pathogenetic mechanisms of reducing stress resistance and adaptive body reserves. Arising during the COVID-19 pandemic, increased nervous and emotional tension, the lack of emotional comfort and balance can lead to the onset or deterioration of magnesium deficiency, which manifests itself in mental burnout and depletion of adaptive capacities. The inability to synthesize magnesium in the body necessitates including foodstuffs high in magnesium in the population diet during this period. The appointment of magnesium preparations is pathogenetically justified with moderate and severe magnesium deficiency. This therapy should take into account the major concomitant diseases, severity of magnesium deficiency, and a patient’s age. Conclusion: magnesium correction, carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic, will contribute to increasing stress resistance, preventing mental diseases and improving the population’s life quality.
Factors influencing malnutrition in Filipino elderly

Introduction: The elderly population is susceptible to malnutrition due to the physiological and functional changes caused by ageing. Hence, to prevent the degenerative nutritional conditions of the elderly and improve their quality of life, this study aimed to determine the influencing factors of malnutrition among Filipino elderly. Methods: Anthropometric component data from the 8th National Nutrition Survey (NNS) were utilised along with the nutritional status of Filipino elderly, based on body mass index as the dependent variable and variables from the clinical and health, dietary, and socioeconomic components of NNS as explanatory factors. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was then performed in fitting models. Results: High magnitude and severity of malnutrition were observed among Filipino elderly – 20.2% were underweight and 24.8% were overweight. Significant influencing factors in estimating an elderly’s odds of being underweight were the elderly’s age group, presence of hypertension, presence of anaemia, and adequacy of vitamin A intake. Whereas, significant influencing factors in estimating an elderly’s odds of being overweight/obese included highest educational attainment, presence of anaemia, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia. Conclusion: Knowing the influencing factors may help the elderly become more aware and conscious of their health, as well as to promote nutrient intakes to prevent malnutrition that can worsen their health conditions. Additionally, concerned institutions in the country could use the findings of this study as one of the bases in strengthening their approach and implementation or even provide relevant and timely policies and programmes that address malnutrition in the elderly of this country.
Perspective-June 2020-Final

At the end of December 2019, the Chinese government sent out a public alert that a “pneumonia of unknown cause” had been identified in the city of Wuhan. Soon after, the causative organism was identified to be a novel coronavirus and named SARS-CoV-2 as the infection, COVID-19 (1). Since then, the infection has rapidly spread throughout China and reached multiple continents over a few weeks and was officially declared a pandemic by the World Health Organisation (2). The outbreak of COVID-19 has imposed a substantial health burden globally creating an international public health emergency.
A theoretical model of knowledge transfer and combination within industrial districts

This paper develops a model of how industrial districts (IDs) operate as self-contained, relatively impermeable cognitive systems, within which knowledge transfer and combination take place. The model, built on a qualitative meta-analysis of the empirical studies conducted in the last 15 years on Italian IDs, provides a knowledge based interpretation of IDs and a rationale to conceive IDs as local innovation systems. The paper analyses the mechanisms that spread knowledge across district firms, the enablers of cross-firm knowledge transfer through the above described mechanisms and the process of producing new knowledge. The paper also interprets some typical IDs’ dynamics and focuses on spin-offs as a particular form of knowledge transfer and production within districts. Moreover, it suggests that knowledge production may take place not only within districts’ boundaries (combination), but also involve external sources (hybridation or contamination). Finally, it tackles the issue of how globalization impact on IDs, concentrating on the role of local public agencies as service providers to district firms.
Melanin Production by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria under the Effect of Aromatic Oil’s Vapour Phase - A New Report

In the present study, we evaluated the effect of aromatic oil’s vapour phase (aroma) on the melanin production in plant pathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv), the causal agent of bacterial blight of tomato. Species of the genus Xanthomonas typically produce yellow xanthomonadin pigment, but here in the presence of aromatic oil’s vapour phase the bacterium produced a melanin-like pigment. Among the 10 commercially available synthetic aromatic oils tested, Xcv produced yellow colonies with dark brown extracellular melanin-like pigment in Nutrient Agar media, in the presence of vapour phase of dhavana (Artemisia pallens), henna (Lawsonia inermis), kasturi (Musk of deer), firdous (Combination of Jasminum officinale, Cinnamomum verum, and Nelumbo nucifera), and rose (Rosa damascena) aromatic oils. Firdous and rose aromatic oil treatments were further used to produce pigment in Nutrient broth, which yielded 4.61 ± 0.07 and 5.13 ± 0.08 mg/ ml pigment, respectively. After extraction and purification of the pigment, its characterization was carried out by employing the analytical techniques like Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer and Fourier Transmission Infra-red (FTIR) Spectrometer, and the pigment was confirmed as melanin. Till date, melanin pigment has been reported in algae, bacteria, fungus, lichen, and mushroom, but it has not been reported in plant pathogenic bacteria particularly Xcv and therefore this is the first report. Also, the report of aromatic oil’s vapour phase mediated melanin production in bacteria is novel and can be further explored to identify high melanin yielding microbe, owing to the increasing demand for melanin in the market and its versatile applications.
Who's Hosting the Block Party? Studying Third-Party Blockage of CSP and SRI

The Web has grown into the most widely used application platform for our daily lives. First-party Web applications thrive due to many different third parties they rely on to provide auxiliary functionality, like maps or ads, to their sites. In this paper, we set out to understand to what extent this outsourcing has adverse effects on two key security mechanisms, namely Content Security Policy (CSP; to mitigate XSS) and Subresource Integrity (SRI; to mitigate third-party compromises) by conducting a longitudinal study over 12 weeks on 10,000 top sites. Under the assumption that a first party wants to deploy CSP and SRI and is able to make their code base compliant with these mechanisms, we assess how many sites could fully deploy the mechanisms without cooperation from their third parties. For those unable to do so without cooperation, we also measure how many third parties would jointly have to make their code compliant to enable first-party usage of CSP and SRI. To more accurately depict trust relations, we rely on holistic views into inclusion chains within all pages of the investigated sites. In addition, based on a combination of heuristics and manual validation, we identify different eTLD+1s belonging to the same business entity, allowing us to more accurately discerning parties from each other. Doing so, we show that the vast majority of sites includes third-party code which necessitates the use of unsafe-inline (75%) or unsafe-eval (61%), or makes deployment of strict-dynamic impossible (76%) without breakage of functionality. For SRI, based on the analysis of a single snapshot (within less than 12 hours), we also show that more than half of all sites cannot fully rely on SRI to protect them from third-party compromise due to randomized third-party content.
A meta-analysis of ECG abnormalities (arrhythmia) in cardiomyopathies

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is an important diagnostic test recommended for individuals with a clinical suspicion of heart disease. The primary diagnostic role is the assessment of the strength and time of electrical activity in the heart. It is also the most common test for the diagnosis of arrhythmias, which are disturbances in the heart rhythm and rate. An ECG test is recommended for patients with cardiomyopathy (CM) and heart failure (HF). The two are distinct but related cardiac disease entities, in which HF is the final sequelae to CM, which is a progressive heart muscle disease. Although arrhythmias are prevalent in both CM and HF, fewer studies have investigated them as the primary objective. In the present pooled analysis of 66 studies (HF=26; CM=40). Atrial fibrillation (AF), ventricular tachycardia (VT) and premature ventricular contractions (PVC) are the most common arrhythmias. The prevalence of AF is higher in HF (32.7%) compared to CM (19.2%) possible due to higher mean age in HF patients (71.8 years) compared to CM (42.7 years) because AF correlates with age. However, the prevalence of VT and PVC is much higher in CM patients (38.0% and 56.6%) compared to HF (3.7% and 13.3%). In both HF and CM, the ECG test is more useful on the differential diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), where it can differentiate ARVC from right ventricular outflow tract induced VT. In addition to diagnostic value, ECG-assessed arrhythmias can guide therapeutic intervention since AF and VT can be life-threatening and may require specific antiarrhythmic therapy.
Macroeconomic News in Asset Pricing and Reality

Revisions in successive Greenbook forecasts of quarterly real GDP growth proxy for news of current and expected future economic growth. In the sample 1975 through 2015, news of future growth is slightly negatively related to contemporaneous changes in Treasury bond yields, while news of current growth is strongly positively related to changes in these yields. Both results are difﬁcult to reconcile with a representative agent’s bondholding ﬁrst-order condition. A continuous-time dynamic model of output attributes almost all of the covariation with yields to martingale innovations in log output and a minimal amount to innovations in the conditional drift of log output.
Effect of fly ash as an admixture in agriculture and the study of heavy metal accumulation in wheat (Triticum aestivum), mung bean (Vigna radiata), and urad beans (Vigna mungo)

A huge amount of fly ash is being generated from coal-based thermal power plants (TPPs). Fly ash is a waste product from TPPs that creates environmental problems due to improper utilization or disposal. Use of coal fly ash in agriculture is a good way to dispose of fly ash, and it will improve the yield of variety of agricultural crops. In the present study a pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of fly ash as an admixture in agriculture and on the growth and accumulation of heavy metals in wheat (Triticum aestivum), mung bean (Vigna radiata), and urad beans (Vigna mungo). In this the fly ash was applied at ratios of 10-60% (w/w). It was found that the application of fly ash enhances the seed germination rate considerably, whereas in the absence of fly ash (control) rate of seed germination was very slow. The use of fly ash as an admixture in agriculture up to 60% for the wheat (Triticum aestivum), 10-20% for mung bean (Vigna radiata), and 20% for urad beans (Vigna mungo) is suitable for maximum growth and yield. Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mg Ni, Pb, and Zn were accumulated in the plants under study, but at very low concentrations and below the permissible limits provided for human consumption.
A Combined Assessment of Capital Structure Determinants in a Developing Economy

The study investigates the determinants of capital structure in a developing economy considering the pecking order and the tradeoff theory. It uses data from two hundred and ten Ecuadorian firms from the top thousand companies of 2013. The independent variables chosen, according to data availability and literature review, are tangibility measured by fixed assets over total assets; profitability measured by return on assets (ROA); and firm size measured by logarithm of sales. However, some of these regressors were dividedto select the best ratio combination and obtain a more robust model. The dependent variable, leverage, is measured using total debt ratio. The cross-sectional ordinary least square (OLS) multivariate regression concludes that there is a statistically positive relationship between firm size and leverage as stated by both theories. However, tangibility and profitability are statistically negative related with debt level. Although in our research profitability fits the pecking order pattern, tangibility does notrespond properly to both theories.These findings are compared and contrasted against other authors’ research following the same trend. We theorize that Ecuadorian firms combine both theories when deciding their capital structure. Moreover, the variable growth is found to be not statistically significant in this market. However, the variable non-debt tax shield was omitted from the model due to the lack of information.
Bank Debt Renegotiation and Bondholders’ Wealth∗

Recent research has documented that many voluntary renegotiations of bank loan agreements occur outside of any sort of default. I utilize bondholder wealth effects to test various theories of why such voluntary renegotiations of bank debt occur. Consistent with the implication of Gârleanu and Zwiebel (2009)’s model, where lenders loosen covenants upon the arrival of favorable information of firms’ credit quality, I find that a firm’s bondholders react positively to renegotiations that result in bank debt covenant relaxation. This result also rejects the alternative hypothesis that relaxing covenants signals weakened bank monitoring due to low bank bargaining power. The last set of tests show that bondholders do not react significantly negatively to the renegotiated increase of bank debt interest rate, failing to support the model of Gorton and Kahn (2000) that increased loan interest rate conveys unfavorable news of the firm that asset substitution cannot be avoided. ∗I am grateful to my dissertation committee members for encouragement and guidance: Adam Kolasinski (Chair), Shane Johnson, and Hwagyun (Hagen) Kim. I thank seminar participants at Texas A&M University, Seton Hall University, City University of Hong Kong, and The Hong Kong Polytechnic University for helpful comments. I also thank the Mays Business School for its financial support. Any existing errors are my sole responsibility. †e-mail: nyang@mays.tamu. edu
The effects of biomass burning aerosols and clouds on the CO2 flux in Amazonia

Aerosol particles associated with biomass burning emissions affect the surface radiative budget and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) over large areas in Amazonia during the dry season. We analysed CO2 fluxes as a function of aerosol loading for two forest sites in Amazonia as part of the LBA experiment. Aerosol optical thickness (AOT) measurements were made with AERONET sun photometers, and CO2 flux measurements were determined by eddy-correlation. The enhancement of the NEE varied with different aerosol loading, as well as cloud cover, solar elevation angles and other parameters. The AOT value with the strongest effect on the NEE in the FLONA-Tapajós site was 1.7, with an enhancement of the NEE of 11% compared with clear-sky conditions. In the RBJ site, the strongest effect was for AOT of 1.6 with an enhancement of 18% in the NEE. For values of AOT lager than 2.7, strong reduction on the NEE was observed due to the reduction in the total solar radiation. The enhancement in the NEE is attributed to the increase of diffuse versus direct solar radiation. Due to the fact that aerosols from biomass burning are present in most tropical areas, its effects on the global carbon budget could also be significant.
Influence of reinforcement grade and matrix composition on corrosion resistance of cast aluminium matrix composites (A3xx.x/SiCp) in a humid environment

A study of the influence of the silicon carbide (SiCp) proportion and the matrix concentration of four aluminium metal matrix composites (A360/SiC/10p, A360/SiC/20p, A380/SiC/10p, A380/SiC/20p) exposed to high relative humid environment was carried out under simulation in a climatic chamber. The matrix of A360/SiC/xxp composites was virtually free of copper while the A380/SiC/xxp matrix contained 3.13‐3.45wt% Cu and 1.39‐1.44wt% Ni. The kinetics of the corrosion process was studied on the basis of gravimetric tests. The nature of corrosion products was analysed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Low Angle X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD) before and after accelerated testing to determine the influence of microstructural changes on corrosion behaviour during exposure to the corrosive environment. The corrosion damage to Al/SiCp composites was low at 80% Relative Humidity (RH) and increased with temperature, SiCp proportion, relative humidity and Cu matrix concentration. The main attack nucleation sites were the interface region between the matrix and the reinforcement particles. The corrosion process was influenced more by the concentration of alloy elements in the matrix than by the proportion of SiCp reinforcement.
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON IMPULSE BUYING FOR ONLINE SHOPPING DURING COVID-19

This study highlights the role of utilitarian shopping, hedonic shopping, and online advertisement on cognitive dissonance Impulse Buying plays a role as a mediator in this research The objective of this research is to investigate how utilitarian shopping value, hedonic shopping value, and online advertising influence the cognitive dissonance of customers 338 response data have been collected from consumers involved in fashion apparel;respondents are majorly from central zone of India Partial least square (PLS) - Structural equation modelling (SEM) is implemented using Smart PLS 3 0 The simulation result shows that utilitarian shopping value, hedonic shopping value, and online ads are found to be important in predicting cognitive dissonance and impulse buying, whereas impulse buying is impeccable in terms of predicting positive relationships with cognitive dissonance Moreover, Impulse buying is playing as positive mediating effect in relation with constructs Hence, this research suggests that a complex representation which may better understanding about consumer shopping behaviour Conclusively, this research’s major contribution towards authors’ knowledge, and help the marketing expert to focus on important parameter of consumer buying behaviour © 2020 All Rights Reserved