Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gold vs. PSX sectors during political uncertainties: an event study Gold vs. PSX sectors during political uncertainties: an event study analysis analysis

Ampliﬁed uncertainties in economic, ﬁnancial, and political environments across nations have created a dire need to search for safe investment options that could mitigate the losses faced by investors. Consequently, researchers and investment managers have started investigating alternative investment options like real assets to cope with such risks. Since Pakistan is among the most politically unstable economies, there is a dire need to investigate this conun-drum and provide Pakistani investors with alternatives. Previous researches have widely reported gold to be this alternative as it provides a hedge and safe haven during various economic downturns. Therefore, the current study investigates whether gold could also diversify the risk of political uncertainties faced by diﬀerent sectors of the Pakistan stock exchange (PSX). For this purpose, initially the impact of political uncertainty on PSX sectors and gold is investigated through event study analysis, by using economically political and socio-political events from Jan 2009 to Dec 2019. Then Pearson correlation and volatility modeling using event dummies are employed to unveil the diversiﬁca-tion characteristics of gold. Gold holds diversiﬁcation characteristics in case it exhibits zero, negative or insigniﬁcant correlations with PSX sectors. Findings suggest that gold is not inﬂuenced by political events while most of the PSX sectors are inﬂuenced by socio or economical political events. The results also show that gold acts as a hedge for all sectors i.e. indicating zero correlation, and acts as a safe haven for many sectors i.e., it indicates a negative correlations, and an insigniﬁcant relationship indicating the absence of co-movement. Therefore, the study concludes that Pakistani investors could consider gold as a diversiﬁer for diversifying traditional investment portfolios.
Carbonates, Carbonation and the durability of Reinforced Concrete Marine Structures

Summary Recent observations derived from actual structures show that compared to other concretes, concretes containing high levels of carbonates (such as limestones and dolomites) tend to have longer reinforcement initiation times and also much longer durations before the occurrence of active corrosion causing obvious damage. This is provided that the structures do not suffer from poor workmanship, alkali reactions or other failure mechanisms. These findings are reviewed and a small number of additional examples given. The observations are consistent with careful laboratory experiments available in corrosion science literature. However, they are not consistent with the conventional wisdom that associates reinforcement corrosion initiation with the formation of calcium carbonate within the concrete matrix, such as caused by the influx of carbon dioxide from the environment. To cause initiation other processes, such as alkali leaching, must occur to lower the pH to around 8.5 or lower. Only this level of pH is consistent with electrochemistry fundamentals for initiation of steel corrosion. These observations have implications for achieving durable concrete structures.
CANOPY CHARACTERISTICS, STOMATAL ANATOMY AND TRANSPIRATION RATE IN SOME SHADE PLANTS

Twenty shade trees namely Daniellia oliveri, Azadirachta indica, Albizia lebbeck, Citrus sinensis, Citrus limon, Citrus reticulata, Citrus paradisi, Blighia sapida, Plumeria alba, Thevetia neriifolia, Terminalia catappa, Tectonia grandis, Mangifera indica, Delonix regia, Parkia biglobosa, Anacardium occidentale, Vitellaria paradoxa, Gmelina arborea, Acacia auriculiformis and Bridelia ferruginea were studied to determine their canopy characteristics in relationship to stomatal features possessed and rate at which they transpire. The canopy characteristics vary in all species with T. catappa having widest canopy density (CD) and T. neriifolia with narrowest CD; leaf density (LD) is higher in D. regia and lower in T. grandis. Thirty five stands of each species were studied for canopy characteristics. In each species a total of 700 leaves and 1200 leaf segments were taken and observed anatomically to reveal stomatal features possessed by each of these trees. Some correlations were observed to occur between stomatal features and rate of transpiration; for instance, T. catappa and A. auriculiformis that possessed amphistomatic leaves with heterogeneous stomatal complex types (SCTs) transpired faster more than species such as T. grandis, M. indica, A. occidentale and V. paradoxa with hypostomatic leaves and homogeneous STC. Based on CD, TR and LD, the most preferable shade plants are A. indica, D. oliveri, A. lebbeck, D. regia, A. auriculiformis and T. catappa.
RELATIVE AGE EFFECT AMONG WORLD RUGBY UNDER 20 CHAMPIONSHIP 2019 PLAYERS

This study aimed to investigate the presence of Relative Age Effects (RAE) with based on birth quartiles among the World Rugby Under 20 Championship 2019.Besides that, this study also determined the presence of RAE among present of one successful team and the unsuccessful team. Date of birth, height, weight, playing position from players (n=305) from all the 12 participating teams in the tournament were gathered from official websites. The players’ birth dates were categorized into four quartiles according to each country cut-off date. Countries such as Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Argentina, Fiji, France, and Italy was set at 1st January, while for countries under United Kingdom (England, Wales and Scotland), Ireland and Georgia were set at 1st September. Chi squared goodness fit test was used to compare the distribution of players among the birth quartile and also the playing position and the team’s achievement (successful and unsuccessful). One-way ANOVA test was used to determine whether there were any statistical significant differences between the birth quartile and player’s height and weight. Presence of RAE was found in the overall position of rugby union players, and the teams that qualified for semis (deemed successful). Analysis on the playing positions found only the backline position showed presence of RAE but not among the forwards. Furthermore, there was no significant different between birth quartiles and player’s height and weight. As conclusion, the overrepresentation of relatively older players among World Rugby Under 20 Championship 2019 players were suggested due to the player’s selection process and playing roles according to nature of the sport. Keyword: Relative Age Effect, Rugby Union, Birth Quartile. Malaysian Journal of Sport Science and Recreation Vol.16. No 2, 27 – 37, 2020
On the class groups of certain imaginary cyclic fields of 2-power degree

Let p be an odd prime number and 2e+1 be the highest power of 2 dividing p − 1. For 0 ≤ n ≤ e, let kn be the real cyclic field of conductor p and degree 2n. For a certain imaginary quadratic field L0, we put Ln = L0kn. For 0 ≤ n ≤ e − 1, let Fn be the imaginary quadratic subextension of the imaginary (2, 2)-extension Ln+1/kn with Fn ̸= Ln. We study the Galois module structure of the 2-part of the ideal class group of the imaginary cyclic field Fn. This generalizes a classical result of Rédei and Reichardt for the case n = 0.
Impact of Covid-19 risk perception on compliance with preventive measures among adult Egyptians

Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic has rapid inevitable effects on individuals' health and life, which need to heighten readiness to comply with preventive measures and adjust our health behaviors. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 risk perception on compliance with preventive measures among adult Egyptians. Materials & methods: A cross-sectional study conducted on 582 participants who met the inclusion criteria. An online, self-administered questionnaire sent to participants through different social media platforms;it consisted of three parts concerned with sociodemographic data, risk perception scale, and COVID-19 preventive measures scale. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 34.16 +/- 9.86, and 87.8% of them had high compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures. The results also showed high COVID-19 risk perception among participants with a weighted mean of 4.01 +/- 0.74. The results reported a positive relationship between compliance with preventive measures and COVID-19 risk perception (r = 0.183, P<0.001). Also reported that risk perception is the most important predictor of compliance with preventive measures [OR=3.100, p <0.001, 95% CI (1.715-4.975)], followed by educational level [OR=2.921, p <0.001, 95% CI (1.557-6172)]. Conclusion: Risk perception is the strongest predictor of compliance with protective measures, the findings of this study added to the rising literature suggesting that COVID-19 risk perception is an important factor in predicting compliance with preventive measures.
The Interplay Between “Inter-functional Coordination”, “Competitor Orientation”, “Brand Orientation” and “Customer Orientation”; An Example from the Turkish Retail Industry

This article seeks to investigate the effect of company’s “inter-functional coordination” and “competitor orientation” in “brand orientation” and “customer orientation”. There were seven stationary products ’retailers sampled for the study. The data were collected from salespeople (inside customers) from 68 different shops across Turkey. With a total of valid 210 answers collected from 262 salespeople, Structural Equation Model (SEM) was used to estimate the effects among the studied variables. The results showed that “inter-functional coordination” has a strong impact on “customer orientation”. Also, “inter-functional coordination” has a mild effect on “brand orientation” while “customer orientation” has a similar effect on “brand orientation”. On the other hand, “competitor orientation” has a negative effect on “brand orientation”. The study extends the literature of inter-functional coordination, competitive orientation, brand orientation and customer orientation and offers useful managerial implications in retail industry in Turkey.
EVALUATION OF ANTI-METHICILLIN RESISTANT Staphylococcus aureus PROPERTY OF Clausena excavata LEAVES BY USING ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY AND FLOWCYTOMETRY TECHNIQUES

Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections have widely spread around the world. The number of cases for antibiotic resistance is constantly increasing, and mortality rate caused by infectious diseases are highly increasing in intensive care unit (ICU) (Haddadin et al., 2002; Al-Bahrani et al., 2020). Consequently, there is an urgent need of new antibacterial agents in order to fight these multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strain infections (Al-naddawi et al., 2019). Hence, there is an increased interest to obtain natural and safe antibacterial agents from various natural plants, especially due to lack of adverse side-effects which are often associated with conventional antimicrobial agents, such as hypersensitivity, allergic reaction, and immunosuppression (Li et al., 2017; Albaayit and Maharjan, 2018; Albaayit et al., 2020; Albaayit et al., 2020; Albaayit et al., 2020). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a recently developed scanning probe microscopy, widely used in different fields of physics, chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology for imaging the fine surface structures of various types of specimens at high-resolution (Farhan Li et al., 2016). Similarly, propidium iodide (PI) flowcytometry has been employed to find the percentage of dead cells, and membrane integrity after exposure to compounds (Sánchez et al., 2010). Clausena excavata (Burm. F., Rutaceae) is a wild shrub widely distributed in tropical and subtropical Asian regions, and famous in folk medicine due to its high antioxidant properties (Albaayit et al., 2016, Albaayit et al., 2020). It is commonly used to treat cough, colic, rhinitis, headache, fever, and sores. Its leaves, stems, rhizomes, flowers, and roots constitute many potent compounds which were proven to have various biological properties, including immunomodulatory, antifungal, antimycobacterial, antibacterial, anti-HIV-1, anti-malaria, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and detoxifying agent (Albaayit et al., 2015). Among the many coumarins isolated from C. excavata, nordentatin showed the best antibacterial activity against Bordetella brochiseptica, Bacillus subtilis, Pneumococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Wu et al., 1982). Xanthoxyletin, a coumarin isolated from the leaves extract of C. excavata, was active against Bacillus megaterium, Escherichia coli, Chlorella fusca, and Microbotryum violaceum (Sunthitikawinsakul et al., 2003; Tsassi et al., 2010). Most of the previous studies reported the biological properties of the bark and stem of this plant. Thus, this study was undertaken to evaluate the leaves of C. excavata for its antiMRSA activity using AFM and propidium iodide flowcytometry technique. Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 58(1), 315-320; 2021 ISSN (Print) 0552-9034, ISSN (Online) 2076-0906 DOI: 10.21162/PAKJAS/21.921 http://www.pakjas. com.pk
Internet of Things: A Review on Machine Learning-based Intrusion Detection System

The Internet of Things (IoT) connects billions of interconnected devices that can exchange information with each other with minimal user intervention. The goal of IoT to become accessible to anyone, anytime, and anywhere. IoT has engaged in multiple fields, including education, healthcare, businesses, and smart home. Security and privacy issues have been significant obstacles to the widespread adoption of IoT. IoT devices cannot be entirely secure from threats; detecting attacks in real-time is essential for securing devices. In the real-time communication domain and especially in IoT, security and protection are the major issues. The resource-constrained nature of IoT devices makes traditional security techniques difficult. In this paper, the research work carried out in IoT Intrusion Detection System is presented. The Machine learning methods are explored to provide an effective security solution for IoT Intrusion Detection systems. Then discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the selected methodology. Further, the datasets used in IoT security are also discussed. Finally, the examination of the open issues and directions for future trends are also provided. Keywords—Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Intrusion Detection, Internet of Things, Network Security.
Numerical simulation of cryogenic flow with phase change using sharp interface cut-cell method

of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF CRYOGENIC FLOW WITH PHASE CHANGE USING SHARP INTERFACE CUT-CELL METHOD By Alpana Agarwal May 2010 Chair: J.N. Chung Major: Mechanical Engineering Cryogenic fluids find wide use in many different types of industries as well as space applications, where they may be used as the liquid fuel or the cryogen for other vital support systems. Therefore the transportation, handling and storage of cryogenic flow under microgravity in space missions is an important design concern. During their transportation through the pipes in a spacecraft, because of strong heat flux from wall, a rapid quenching process with voracious boiling of the cryogen takes place. This can subject the piping system to extreme thermal stresses due to sudden contraction. Due to strong vaporization and resulting two-phase flow, the mass flow rate of cryogenic flow will decrease. The insufficient flow rate can cause many problems in the spacecraft. Therefore a thorough physical understanding of the phase change phenomenon in cryogenic flow under microgravity is very important. Investigation of cryogenic chill down under microgravity is not easy because it is not easy to create the microgravity conditions on earth. Most of the experiments on quenching under microgravity have been done on board special aircrafts like NASA’s KC-135. The cost of performing these experiments is very high. Moreover, it is not easy to collect experimental data in flight. In this research work, numerical simulation techniques are used instead of experiments. In numerical simulation, the microgravity is easily modeled and the cost is much less than performing experiments. The sharp interface method (SIM) with cut-cell technique (SIMCC) is adopted to handle the two-phase flow computations. In SIM, the background
The Effect of Labor Flexibility on Gender Wage Gaps

We document the wage gap between women and men in part-time, full-time, and over-time work from 1975-2015. Over this period, the part-time gender wage gap is consistently 10-30 percentage points smaller than the full-time and over-time gap. This new and robust empirical fact supports the Goldin (2014) hypothesis that labor market flexibility due to market contracts reduces observed labor market inequality. Further, we show that imposed labor market flexibility through federal and statemandated family and medical leave laws stopped the rate of gender wage convergence. JEL Classification: D13, D14, J12, J15, J16, J24, K11, K12, and K36.
Print-Based Media in Methodology Course of Classroom Action Research

Research with the Research and Development (R&D) Method was carried out to produce products in the form of printed learning textbooks as a complement to printed materials in the methodology course of Class Action Research (CAR) at the State Islamic University (UIN) Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi. This study was divided into three stages: 1) defining; 2) planning and development; and 3) dissemination. The research data were analyzed using domain analysis techniques with critical and reflective principles. Findings printed media for learning textbooks for the CAR methodology course have been developed based on a process approach. The book consists of eleven chapters, covering: 1) recall of CAR concepts; 2) research techniques and CAR data collection instruments; 3) observation sheet; 4) interview sheet; 5) test sheet; 6) questionnaire sheet; 7) documentation in CAR; 8) analysis techniques in CAR; 9) dissemination of CAR reports; 10) write articles from the results of the CAR; and 11) writing a book based on the results of the CAR. The purpose of learning with print media is to help students learn the CAR methodology easily and make learning interesting and fun and enable them to study independently. The developed learning print media is claimed to be suitable for use through a feasibility test carried out by material and media experts to practice making CAR proposals or reports to publishing articles and books with ISBN from the CAR results.
Assessment of the Outcome after Treatment of the Displaced Midshaft Clavicular Fractures Using two Different Approaches

Aim: The aim of this study to determine the intramedullary Nailing Versus Plate Fixation for the Treatment Displaced Midshaft Clavicular Fracturesn Methods: A prospective randomised trial was conducted in the Department of Orthopedics, MGM Medical College Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India from Feb 2020 to February 2021. Those consenting to participation were randomised to open reduction and plate fixation with a 3.5 mm superior clavicular plate or a 2.0 mm to 3.5 mm titanium elastic nail in the second group. Patients with Age 18 to 58 yrs, Mid-shaft fracture, Displacement by one bone width, Tenting/compromised skin, Initial shortening of more than 15 mm, Angulation exceeding 30 were included in this study. Total of 100 fractures of the clavicle were included in this study and divided into 2 equal groups. Demographic data were recorded at presentation and patients completed a baseline Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score to describe their shoulder function the week before injury. Standard standing radiographs with 15° caudal and 15° cephalad and a ‘panorama’ view of both clavicles were performed. Results: There were no demographic differences between the groups (Table 1) and they had the same baseline mean DASH score of 0.5 (0 to 6.8 for plate versus 0 to 15.9 for ESIN, p = 0.7). The duration of surgery was shorter for ESIN (mean 52.4 minutes, 21 to 119) than for plate fixation (mean 68.7 minutes, 34 to 105; p < 0.001, independent samples t-test). After 12 months, there was no difference in DASH score between the plate fixation and ESIN, with both approaching their DASH baseline values of 0.5. Individual differences between baseline data and the DASH score after one year showed no statistical difference (1.5, -4.3 to 12.2 for plate versus 2.1, -14.3 to 28.4 for ESIN; p = 0.5, independent samples t-test). Compared with baseline values, 1 patient (2%) with plate fixation had a DASH score which worsened by ten points compared with 4 patients (8%) in the ESIN group. Both groups demonstrated similar satisfaction with their shoulder at 12 months as measured by VAS (9, 0 to 10 for plate fixation versus 9, 3 to 10 for ESIN; p = 0.87, independent samples t-test). Conclusion: Fixation with plate or ESIN in completely displaced midshaft fractures of the clavicle produce equally excellent functional results at 12 months. In addition, nailing should not be undertaken with implants less than 2.5 mm in diameter.
PATHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR VARIATION AMONG SOME ISOLATES OF FUSAIUM OXYSPORUM F

Fusarium wilt disease is among the serious diseases that attack different tomato cultivars causing loss of stand yield. Pathological and Molecular variations among certain isolates of Fusarium oxysporum lycopersici, collected from diseased tomato plants grown in different governorates of Egypt, were studied in this investigation. The pathogenicity tests were performed for the isolates F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici which isolated from samples of tomato roots cv. Castle Rock. These isolates were collected from different locations in Egypt (El-Gharbiya, El-Qalubia, Beni-Sueif, El-Nubaria, South Tahrir, Kafr El-Sheikh, El-Salhiya, Giza, Al-Arish, ElIsmailia, Sohag and El-Fayoum). The results showed that all isolates were pathogenic, with different degrees of pathogenicity. The electrophoretic study of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici had high degrees of similarity and no relation between the protein profiles and the geographic source. On the other hand, the fingerprinting technique with DNA through using RAPD-PCR showed that there was no clear relationship between genetic and geographic origin.