Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intention to Use Islamic Banking Products and Services: Evidence from Malaysia

This study examined the non-economic factors that affect Malaysian’s desire to employ Islamic banking (IB) products and services to preserve financial stability. The study expanded the Theory of Planned Behavior by adding components: awareness and religiosity. The non-probability voluntary sample method was used to gather information from 303 Malaysians who met the requirements of being over 18 years old, not holding any IB products and services, or holding IB products and services but have been inactive in the past one year. A self-administered online questionnaire was disseminated to the respondents across the country using the social media platforms. The data was analyzed using the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) method. It is discovered that Malaysians’ intentions to use IB products and services are significantly affected by attitudes, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, awareness, and religiosity. To innovate and offer cutting-edge Shariah-compliant products and services in the individual and business sectors, Islamic banks must use successful techniques. According to the study, religiosity significantly affects people’s behavior, especially when it comes to their intent to utilize IB products and services.
Recent Advances in Mountain Permafrost Research

Knowledge of the thermal state of mountain permafrost has greatly increased since 2007 with the establishment of numerous new monitoring stations around the world. Data collected at these sites have pointed to longer‐term changes in ground temperatures, which seem to have increased during the last two to three decades in cold permafrost, while in ground close to 0°C the near‐surface ice content has restricted warming and similar trends are not apparent. Modelling of mountain permafrost has developed greatly, driven by general circulation models or gridded temperature maps, through both predictive methods and spatial equilibrium and transient approaches. The spatial resolution of climate parameters, which is normally much coarser than the spatial heterogeneity of alpine environments, presents a major problem for modelling studies. This is a fundamental challenge for future research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deactivation of ice nuclei due to atmospherically relevant surface coatings

The ice nucleation characteristics of Arizona test dust (ATD) and illite clay, surrogates for atmospheric ice nuclei, have been determined at the Aerosol Interactions and Dynamics in the Atmosphere (AIDA) chamber located at the Research Center Karlsruhe in Germany. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate coatings on the ability of these mineral dust surrogates to nucleate ice in an environment where particles realistically compete for water vapor. Coated ATD particles required higher saturations at all temperatures considered, from −20 to −45 °C, than did identical uncoated particles. Freezing of coated particles often required saturations approaching those for the homogeneous freezing of aqueous solutions of the coating material alone. Less pronounced effects were found for illite, although the presence of a coating consistently increased the saturation or decreased the temperature required for ice formation. Analysis of ice residue at the single particle level suggests that the first coated particles to freeze had thinner or incomplete coatings when compared to particles that froze later in the expansion. This observation highlights a need to verify coating properties since an assumption of homogeneity of a group of coated aerosols may be incorrect. The increase in saturation ratio for freezing suggests that gas-phase uptake of sulfates, a large fraction of which are due to anthropogenic emissions, will reduce the ice and mixed-phase cloud formation potential of atmospheric ice nuclei.
Phase relations and P-T conditions for eclogite-facies rocks at Glenelg, north-west Scotland

Eclogite exposed in the Glenelg region of north-west Scotland is of interest because of its antiquity, it is the oldest crustal eclogite known, and also because it is associated with apparently cofacial metagranitoids, marbles, pelites and meta-ironstones. This paper briefly describes the eclogite-facies assemblages and their geological setting, and attempts to establish peak metamorphic P-T conditions. Cal-Dol and Grt-Cpx thermometry, and Grt-Omp-Qtz and Grt-Pl-Ky-Qtz barometry suggest equilibration at 16.5 ± 1 kbar and 730 ± 25°C. Also, the Ca correction in the Grt-Cpx thermometer is found to be inappropriate where XCa,Grt < 0.29. The geology of north-west Scotland is dominated by the Moine thrust, a northnorthwest-southsoutheast-trending, east-dipping reverse fault which separates cratonized Archaean and early Proterozoic gneisses (the Lewisian gneisses) in the west from their reworked counterparts in the east. The eclogite at Glenelg is contained within the reworked gneisses (Fig. 1), and was probably formed before 1082 Ma (eclogite Sm-Nd internal isochron) as the margin of the Laurentian craton became tectonically depressed during a Grenville collision event (Sanders et al. 1984). Post-eclogite uplift and erosion was probably rapid since the eclogite-bearing gneisses are overlain unconformably by a low-grade psammitic cover sequence, the Moines, which was probably deposited before about 1000 Ma (cf. Brewer et al. 1979). Cover and basement were subsequently deformed and metamorphosed together on more than one occasion, culminating in the formation of the Moine thrust (Craig 1983, chapters 2 & 3). As a result of this reworking, the eclogite and cofacial gneisses in the basement were
Chapter 8 Regional comparisons, petrochemistry and petrogenesis

In a short review of the structure and volcanism of the southern part of the Gregory Rift, Dawson (1992) drew attention to differences in the contemporaneous volcanism in southern Kenya and northern Tanzania, the differences taking place abruptly at a latitude of c. 3°S. In Chapter 3 (Dawson 2008), differences were noted in the relationship of the volcanism to their setting relative to the buried cratonic margin and to the thermal structure of the crust and the upper mantle in the two areas. The composition of the mantle and its effect on the nature of the volcanicity are discussed in greater detail here. Table 8.1 summarizes the volcanic stratigraphy of southern Kenya and northern Tanzania, mainly from c. 8 Ma, i.e. the age of the oldest known activity in northern Tanzania at Essimingor. The period 8– c. 1.3 Ma (the time of the Older Extrusives) is dominated by central-type volcanoes characterized by effusion of basanites, basalts and minor trachytes, the last being reasonably interpreted as fractionates of the more voluminous basic rocks. There were some peralkaline volcanoes such as Essimingor, Sadiman and Mosonik, which, particularly in the case of Essimingor, the oldest of the northern Tanzania volcanoes, are similar to the peralkaline volcanoes (Mt Elgon, Napak, Yelele) that erupted prior to the onset of basaltic activity in Kenya (Baker et al. 1972). View this table: Table 8.1. Volcanic stratigraphy of S. Kenya and N. Tanzania In southern Kenya during this period, volcanic rocks were erupted from both major central volcanoes or from fissures and very minor volcanoes, the latter including the rift basalts and the Magadi flood trachytes. The Lengitoto trachytes (6.9–5.0 Ma) and the Kirikiti basalts (3.1–2.5 Ma) are exposed along the western flanks of the rift (Crossley 1979), whereas the faults along the eastern flank expose the Singaraini, Ol Keja Nero and …
Optical Properties of Snow

Measurements of the dependence of snow albedo on wavelength, zenith angle, grain size, impurity content, and cloud cover can be interpreted in terms of single-scattering and multiple-scattering radiative transfer theory. Ice is very weakly absorptive in the visible (minimum absorption at λ = 0.46 µm) but has strong absorption bands in the near infrared (near IR). Snow albedo is therefore much lower in the near IR. The near-IR solar irradiance thus plays an important role in snowmelt and in the energy balance at a snow surface. The near-IR albedo is very sensitive to snow grain size and moderately sensitive to solar zenith angle. The visible albedo (for pure snow) is not sensitive to these parameters but is instead affected by snowpack thickness and parts-per-million amounts (or less) of impurities. Grain size normally increases as the snow ages, causing a reduction in albedo. If the grain size increases as a function of depth, the albedo may suffer more reduction in the visible or in the near IR, depending on the rate of grain size increase. The presence of liquid water has little effect per se on snow optical properties in the solar spectrum, in contrast to its enormous effect on microwave emissivity. Snow albedo is increased at all wavelengths as the solar zenith angle increases but is most sensitive around λ =1 µm. Many apparently conflicting measurements of the zenith angle dependence of albedo are difficult to interpret because of modeling error, instrument error, and inadequate documentation of grain size, surface roughness, and incident radiation spectrum. Cloud cover affects snow albedo both by converting direct radiation into diffuse radiation and also by altering the spectral distribution of the radiation. Cloud cover normally causes an increase in spectrally integrated snow albedo. Some measurements of spectral flux extinction in snow are difficult to reconcile with the spectral albedo measurements. The bidirectional reflectance distribution function which apportions the reflected solar radiation among the various reflection angles must be known in order to interpret individual satellite measurements. It has been measured at the snow surface and at the top of the atmosphere, but its dependence on wavelength, snow grain size, and surface roughness is still unknown. Thermal infrared emissivity of snow is close to 100% but is a few percent lower at large viewing angles than for overhead viewing. It is very insensitive to grain size, impurities, snow depth, liquid water content, or density. Solar reflectance and microwave emissivity are both sensitive to various of these snowpack parameters. However, none of these parameters can be uniquely determined by satellite measurements at a single wavelength; a multichannel method is thus necessary if they are to be determined by remote sensing.
Assessment of Serum Levels of Advanced Oxidation Protein Products in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with and without Retinopathy Taking Different Antidiabetic Treatments

The goal of this study was to investigate the protein peroxidation role by measuring serum levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in type 2 diabetic patients with or without retinopathy and comparing them to controls to see if circulating AOPP levels can be used as a detection biomarker for DR. And see which of the two widely used antidiabetic treatment groups had the most impact on this oxidative stress marker. The groups were divided into two subgroups: 1) 70 type 2 diabetic patients (36 male, 34 female), 35 with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and 35 with no evidence of DR, and 2) non-diabetic controls (11 male, 9 female) were chosen from Ibn AL-Haitham Hospital for Ophthalmology and a Specialized Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes. AOPP levels were significantly higher in diabetic patients with (12.5±5.6 ng/ml) or without DR (5.1±4 ng/ml) when compared to those of controls (1.45 0.8 ng/ml) (p<0.05). AOPP levels were higher in the late stage of DR compared to the early stage(14 3.15 ng/ml ) and ( 10 2.13 ng/ml) respectively so. Furthermore, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitors) cause a better reduction in AOPP levels compared to Sulfonylureas (SUs) in the NDR group. Increased protein oxidation may involve in the pathogenesis and severity of DR and the serum AOPP levels have the prospect to become a marker for the diagnosis of DR. DPP-4 inhibitors were better in slowing the progression of the disease compared to SUs.
Fabrication, Characterization, and In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assessment of Tri-Layered Multifunctional Scaffold for Effective Chronic Wound Healing

Chronic wounds have been a global health risk that demands intensive exploration. A tri-layered biomaterial scaffold has been developed for skin wounds. The top layer of the scaffold is superhydrophobic, and the bottom layer is hydrophilic, both of which were electrospun using recycled expanded polystyrene (EPS) and monofilament fishing line (MFL), respectively. The intermediate layer of the scaffold comprised hydrogel by cross-linking chitosan (CS) with polyethylene glycol. The surface morphology, surface chemistry, thermal degradation, and wettability characteristics of each layer of the scaffold were examined. Also, the antibacterial activity and in vitro cytotoxicity study on the combined tri-layered scaffold were assessed against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Data revealed exceptional water repellency of the heat-treated electrospun top superhydrophobic layer (TSL) with a high-water contact angle (WCA) of 172.44°. A TSL with 15 wt% of micro-/nano-inclusions had the best thermal stability above 400 °C. The bottom hydrophilic layer (BHL) displayed a WCA of 9.91°. Therapeutically, the synergistic effect of the combined tri-layered scaffold significantly inhibited bacteria growth by 70.5% for E. coli and 68.6% for S. aureus. Furthermore, cell viability is enhanced when PEG is included as part of the intermediate CS hydrogel layer (ICHL) composition.
Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Stunting among Under-Five Children in Papua New Guinea

Preventing stunting is particularly important for healthy development across the life course. In Papua New Guinea (PNG), the prevalence of stunting in children under five years old has consistently not improved. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to employ multiple machine learning algorithms to identify the most effective model and key predictors for stunting prediction in children in PNG. The study used data from the 2016–2018 Papua New Guinea Demographic Health Survey, including from 3380 children with complete height-for-age data. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and random-forest-recursive feature elimination were used for feature selection. Logistic regression, a conditional decision tree, a support vector machine with a radial basis function kernel, and an extreme gradient boosting machine (XGBoost) were employed to construct the prediction model. The performance of the final model was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and area under the curve (AUC). The results of the study showed that LASSO-XGBoost has the best performance for predicting stunting in PNG (AUC: 0.765; 95% CI: 0.714–0.819) with accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores of 0.728, 0.715, 0.628, and 0.669, respectively. Combined with the SHAP value method, the optimal prediction model identified living in the Highlands Region, the age of the child, being in the richest family, and having a larger or smaller birth size as the top five important characteristics for predicting stunting. Based on the model, the findings support the necessity of preventing stunting early in life. Emphasizing the nutritional status of vulnerable maternal and child populations in PNG is recommended to promote maternal and child health and overall well-being.
Proverb Comprehension in Primary Progressive Aphasia

Aim: Proverb comprehension was tested in 22 patients with primary progressive aphasia utilizing idiom explanation task. The aim of this study was to determine proverb comprehension in PPA patients using the Proverb Scale. Material and Methods: To assess the participants, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale, the Pyramid and Palm Trees test and the Proverb Scale were used. Results: As a result of statistical analysis, there was a significantly difference between svPPA and lvPPA regarding idiom comprehension scores, the Pyramid and Palm Trees Test Scores and MoCA scores. Conclusion: It is an important study to understand how the abstraction in PPA works regarding the language. In PPA subtypes, semantic memory, proverb and MoCA scores were significantly different between logopenic and semantic variants. Although MoCA and proverb comprehension were correlated in svPPA, no correlation was found in lvPPA. With similar studies in the field, it would be possible to better explain the effects of PPA, a disorder characterized by language disorders.
Stability of delta distributary networks and their bifurcations

Delta distributary networks are created by bifurcating channels that commonly split their discharges unequally. The origin and stability of these asymmetrical fine‐grained cohesive bifurcations are investigated here using Delft3D, a morphodynamic flow and sediment transport model. Results are compared to bifurcations on the Mossy delta, Saskatchewan, Canada, that have remained stable for decades. Over a range of channel aspect ratios, friction factors, and Shields numbers, we find three equilibrium functions relating the discharge ratio of the bifurcate arms at equilibrium to the Shields number. One function defines symmetrical configurations (equal partitioning of discharge), while the other two define asymmetrical configurations (unequal partitioning of discharge). Discharge asymmetries and morphologies of Mossy delta bifurcations are consistent with these predictions. Among the equilibrium bifurcations, only the asymmetrical type is stable to perturbations, such as a partial closing of one throat. This possibly explains why asymmetrical bifurcations are more common in nature.
Potential causes for the non‐Newtonian rheology of crystal‐bearing magmas

Experimental studies indicate that crystal‐bearing magma exhibits non‐Newtonian behavior at high strain rates and solid fractions. We use a zero‐dimensional (0‐D) inversion model to reevaluate rheological parameters and shear heating effects from laboratory data on crystal‐bearing magma. The results indicate non‐Newtonian behavior with power law coefficients of up to n = 13.5. It has been speculated that finite strain effects, shear heating, power law melt rheology, or plasticity are responsible for this non‐Newtonian behavior. We use 2‐D direct numerical crystal‐scale simulations to study the relative importance of these mechanisms. These simulations demonstrate that shear heating has little effect on aggregate (bulk) rheologies. Finite strain effects result in both strain weakening and hardening, but the resulting power law coefficient is modest (maximum n = 1.3). For simulations with spherical crystals the strain weakening and hardening behavior is related to rearrangement of crystals rather than strain rate related weakening. Finite strain effects were insignificant in a numerical simulation with naturally shaped crystals. Strain partitioning into the melt phase may induce microscopic stresses that are adequate to provoke a nonlinear viscous response in the melt. Large differential stresses and low effective stresses revealed by the simulations are sufficient to cause crystals to fail plastically. Numerical experiments that account for plastic failure show large power law coefficients (n ≈ 50 in some simulations). We conclude that this effect is the dominant cause of the strong nonlinear viscous response of crystal‐bearing magmas observed in laboratory experiments.
Fumarole migration and fluid geochemistry at Poás Volcano (Costa Rica) from 1998 to 2001

Abstract We report the results of a geochemical survey of fumaroles, thermal springs, and gas discharges from areas in and around the active crater lake of Poás volcano (Costa Rica) from February 1998 to February 2001. The springs are highly acidic-sulphate waters with temperatures approaching boiling point, whereas gas chemistry is characterized by typical magmatic species, such as SO2, HF, HCl, H2, and CO. From February 1998 new fumarolic fields formed inside the southern part of the crater. They moved anticlockwise from the S to the NE inner walls of the crater, while those located in the southern part of the crater and close to the pyroclastic cone south of the crater lake diminished or disappeared altogether, during 1999 and 2000. This shift was also characterized by chemical variation of the magmatic gas species. In spite of the chemical changes of fumaroles, the composition of the lake changed little during this time. This fact, together with the chemical profile with depth of the lake, suggests that the lake is a very efficient condenser of magmatic fluids. An apparent chemical stratification of the lake suggests that dilution with meteoric water is not complete, due to the presence of liquid sulphur at the lake bottom and/or due to the continuous influx of new magmatic components.
A linear model for the coupled surface‐subsurface flow in a meandering stream

The interest about the exchange of water between streams and aquifers has been increasing among the hydrologic community because of the implications of the exchange of heat, solutes, and colloids for the water quality of aquatic environments. Unfortunately, our understanding of the relevance of the exchange processes is limited by the great number of coupled hydrological and geomorphological factors that interact to generate the complex spatial patterns of exchange. In this context, the present work presents a mathematical model for the surface‐subsurface exchange through the streambed of a meandering stream. The model is based on the linearization of the equations that govern the hydrodynamics and the morphodynamics of the system, and it provides a first‐order analytical solution of the coupled flow field of both the surface and the subsurface flows. The results show that stream curvature determines a characteristic spatial pattern of hyporheic exchange, with water upwelling and downwelling concentrated near the stream banks. The exchange can drive surface water deep into the sediments, thus keeping deep alluvium regions connected with the stream. The relationships between hyporheic exchange flux and the geometrical and hydrodynamical properties of the stream‐aquifer system are also investigated.
Ridge‐crossing mantle plumes and gaps in tracks

Hot spot tracks approach, cross, and leave ridge axes. The complications of this process make it difficult to determine the track followed by a plume and the evolution of its vigor. When a plume is sufficiently near the ridge axis, buoyant plume material flows along the base of the lithosphere toward the axis, forming an on‐axis hot spot. The track of the on‐axis hot spot is a symmetric V on both plates and an unreliable indication of the path followed by the plume. Aseismic ridges form more or less along flowlines from a plume to a ridge axis when channels form at the base of the lithosphere. A dynamic effect is that off‐axis hot spots appear to shut off at the time that an on‐axis hot spot becomes active along an axis‐approaching track. This produces a gap in the obvious track and a jump of the hot spot to the ridge axis. The gap results from the effects of ponded plume material on intraplate (membrane) stress. Membrane tension lets dikes ascend efficiently to produce obvious tracks of edifices. An off‐axis hot spot shuts down when the plume is sufficiently near the ridge axis that plume material flows there, putting the nearby lithosphere above the plume into compression, preventing dikes. In addition, the off‐axis thickness of plume material, which produces membrane tension, decreases as the slope of the base of the lithosphere increases beneath young lithosphere. Slow spreading rates favor gaps produced in this way. Gaps are observed near both fast and slow ridges.