Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematical mindsets: the abstraction in mathematical problem solving

This research aims to analyze the students’ mathematical mindsets theoretically and empirically in context. The research analyzes the students’ answer on mathematical problem solving. Forty-seven 8th grade students of a junior high school participated in this research. The researchers collected data in mixed methods research design with explanatory sequential design. The result shows that the essential cores of mathematical mindsets model are: abstraction, conceptual and procedural knowledge, that operate simultaneously in constructing the mathematical mindsets.
The Non-Linear Electrodynamic Coupling Between the Solar Wind, Magnetosphere and Ionosphere

The polar electric potential imposed on the ionosphere by coupling between the earth’s magnetosphere and the solar wind has been shown to have a non-linear response to the interplanetary electric field (IEF). This dissertation presents an empirical study of this polar cap potential saturation phenomenon. First, the saturation of the reverse convection potential under northward is demonstrated using bin-averaged SuperDARN data. Then, the saturation reverse convection potential is shown to saturate at a higher value at higher solar wind plasma beta. The reverse convection flow velocity is then compared with cross-polar cap flows under southward IMF under summer, winter and equinox conditions. It is demonstrated that the reverse convection flow exhibits the opposite seasonal behavior to cross polar cap flow under southward IMF. Then, an interhemispheric case study is performed to provide an explanation for the seasonal behavior of the reverse convection potential. It is found using DMSP particle precipitation data that the reverse convection cells in the winter circulate at least partially on closed field lines. Finally, SuperDARN and DMSP data are merged to provide polar cap potential measurements for a statistical study of polar cap potential saturation under southward IMF. It is found that the extent of polar cap potential saturation increases with increasing Alfvènic Mach number, and has no significant relation to Alfvèn wing transmission coefficient or solar wind dynamic pressure.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BRAKING IMPULSE DURING INITIAL ACCELERATION, TRANSITION AND MAXIMAL VELOCITY IN SPRINTING

The aim of this study was to quantify the magnitude of braking impulse induced on the centre of mass by the accelerations at the foot-floor joint during steps three, nine and 19 of maximal sprinting. An induced acceleration analysis was performed to quantify the induced centre of mass accelerations. The accelerations at the foot-floor joint following touchdown generated -0.02 ± 0.01 m.s (143 ± 72%), -0.04 ± 0.01 m.s (80 ± 47%) and 0.07 ± 0.01 m.s (50 ± 13%) of the total relative braking impulse during steps three, nine and 19. A large portion of these foot-floor accelerations resulted from the deceleration of the foot at touchdown. The results suggest that minimising horizontal foot velocities prior to touchdown will result in reduced braking forces. Further research is required to empirically investigate this mechanism in an applied setting.
Effects of Intergeneric Grafting of Schisandraceae on Root Morphology, Anatomy and Physiology of Rootstocks

Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A. C. Smith and Schisandra sphenantha rehd. et wils. are different genus plants of Schisandraceae, distributed in the north and south of China, respectively. These species are non-wood forest trees with important medicinal value. Grafting is one of the technical means by which plants migrate to other regions to adapt to different habitats. However, the current research on the grafting of Schisandraceae only focuses on the effect of the rootstock on the scion, and lacks investigations on the effect of the scion on the rootstock, leading to the mechanism of the rootstock–scion interaction being still unclear. In this study, Kadsura coccinea (K) and Schisandra sphenanthera (S) were used as scion and rootstock for reciprocal grafting, and four grafted combinations, K/S (scion/rootstock), S/S, S/K, and K/K, were obtained, with S/S and K/K being the controls. Comparative analyses of the morphological, anatomical, and physiological characteristics of rootstocks were conducted at 10 d, 30 d, 50 d, and 70 d after grafting. The results showed that compared with the control, the total root length, root volume, root tips, and root biomass of K/S and S/K decreased. However, the root average diameter and root surface area of K/S increased, while those of S/K decreased. All the differences between the above indices and the control were about 10%, and almost all of them changed most significantly at 70 d after grafting. Anatomically, the root cross section, stele diameter, and xylem area of K/S increased, while those of S/K decreased. In addition, the cortex thicknesses of K/S and S/K increased. These anatomical changes were mainly reflected in the second-order and third-order roots. Meanwhile, the changes in root endogenous hormone (IAA, ZR, GA3, ABA) contents in K/S and S/K in relation to days after grafting could explain the differences in root morphology. Moreover, both K/S and S/K had lower root activity and soluble sugar content than the control, and S/K had lower soluble protein and higher malondialdehyde content. This study indicated that the intergeneric grafting of Schisandraceae inhibited the growth of rootstocks, and the degree of inhibition was potentially related to the relative strength of the rootstock and scion, which provides a theoretical basis for further research on the rootstock–scion interaction mechanism.
Monetary Policy and Trade: An Engine for Economic Growth

Amidst on the debate of the trade openness (TO) importance in influencing an economic growth (EG) and the central bank policy rate (CBPR), it is necessary to analyze the long-term relationship by using ARDL. This paper aims to analyze the CBPR and TO influence on EG in ASEAN -3. This study examines the EG model which focuses on the effect of CBPR and the ratio of exports in which plus imports divided by GDP as a measure of TO in ASEAN-3. The Data was collected from IFS for Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand for the period 2007q1-2022q2. The ARDL test method is used to determine the long-term relationship among the EG, TO and CBPR variables with different degrees of the integration. The FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR testing is for check robustness. The study show that CBPR has a positive effect on the EG in ASEAN-3, although it is only in Indonesia, and in Philippines which is statistically significant. The TO positive effect on the EG in Indonesia and in Thailand, but it is not significant and it has a TO statistically significant negative effect on EG in Philippines. The importance of this research given the recent interest in globalization activities, so the role of TO has become very important. A better TO understanding whether import dominance or vice versa helps in understanding the impact of globalization on the country economy. This finding emphasizes on the export importance over the imports in the economy. However, there is not an academic research looks at the long-term relationship between monetary policy and trade openness on the economic growth with the various econometric models.
Constraints on coordination: Intrinsic dynamics, behavioral information and asymmetry in bimanual rhythmic coordination

Rhythmic interlimb coordination arises from the interaction of intrinsic dynamics and behavioral information, i.e., intention, memory and/or external information specifying the required coordination pattern. This study investigates the influence of the content of memorized behavioral information on coordination in musically experienced and inexperienced subjects. These groups are hypothesized to have different intrinsic dynamics for this task. Stability was assessed in a switching task (variability and switching time). The in-phase, anti-phase and 90°-phase difference were specified in a neutral and an ecologically relevant manner. Musicians showed more stable coordination than non-musicians did. No interaction effect was found with memorized behavioral information. Behavioral information showed an interaction effect with phase pattern on coordination variability, with the strongest effect for the 90°phase pattern. Switching time was affected largely in line with the findings for coordination variability. Subjects showed an intra-individual preference for one type of gallop and one type of switch strategy, suggesting different hand roles for the two hands. Musical experience and behavioral information
Moodle and Telegram to develop students’ language performance and knowledge co-construction in technology-enhanced CLIL

This study compared Moodle and Telegram as mobile-instant messaging (MIM) to understand how the platforms performed in technology-enhanced content and language integrated learning (TECLIL) settings. It involved 68 English for Academic Purpose (EAP) students enrolled in two groups, i.e., Moodle group and Telegram group. Using the mixed-method design, the study garnered quantitative data through pre- and post-tests of language performance coupled with post-tests of spoken presentation, content knowledge, and collective knowledge co-construction. Qualitative data concerning the interaction patterns in online discussion forums were amassed by retrieving students’ postings on both platforms. This study garnered additional quantitative data as covariates, which involved a survey of technology acceptance and a survey of teacher evaluation. Upon analysis, paired sample t-test was operative to identify noteworthy differences between groups with respect to technology acceptance, evaluation of teacher performance, language performance, and content knowledge. For the qualitative inquiry, thread analysis on the interaction patterns in both groups was conducted to scrutinize their depth of knowledge co-construction. Although the interaction trends in both platforms mark the dominance of knowledge sharing, the findings lend credence to the stronger potential of Moodle to empower students’ in-depth knowledge co-construction while exercising their subject-specific language performance. For deep engagement in knowledge co-construction and authentic language use, teachers need to provide appropriate scaffolding through modeling effective collaboration, making explicit the characteristics of quality discussion, and establishing a mutual understanding of what students need to achieve in the online discussion forum.
Mediation Effect of Computer Self-Efficacy Between Learning Motivation and Learning Achievement

Factors that influence learning achievement include learning motivation and self-efficacy. This study aims to explain the effect of learning motivation, and self-efficacy on student achievement. The population used in this study were students of the Faculty of Economics, University of 17 August 1945, Surabaya. The sampling technique is random sampling. The data collection used is documentation and questionnaires. The design of this research is an explanation of the variables of learning motivation (X1), self-efficacy (X2), and learning achievement (Y). The data analysis technique used is Linear Regression Analysis. The results showed that learning motivation and self-efficacy partially affected the learning achievement of undergraduate students. The limitations of this study are limited to students of the Management S1 program, so it cannot be generalized to other populations. Further researchers are expected to add other variables that affect learning achievement and can add data collection techniques with observation and interviews so that research results are more accurate. Keywords: Learning Motivation, Computer Self-Efficacy, Learning Achievement.
Government participation and populist discourse transformation of radical left Syriza and radical right Anel

This study examines how the government participation within an EU country can affect the discourse of the left-wing and right-wing populist parties. We analyzed this question by tracing two Greek populist parties' discourse, the left-wing Syriza and the right-wing Independent Greeks (Anel), during the 2012-2019 period. We have split the examined period into two subperiods (2012 to July 2015, and August 2015 to 2019). The turning point was the Syriza-Anel government’s signature of the third EU bailout program in August 2015. The first hypothesis was that the government accession within the EU context would slightly decrease the populist logic of the two parties. The next two hypotheses referred that the EU leverage emerged by the signing of the bailout agreement will decrease the populist rhetoric of the two parties towards the external elites (mainly the EU). However, the right-wing populists (Anel)- even after this decrease- will target the external elites to a larger extent than the left-wing populists. To examine the hypotheses in-depth, we applied a combination of quantitative content analysis with qualitative discourse analysis. The findings have corroborated our three initial hypotheses. Simultaneously, the qualitative discourse analysis offered us some additional findings concerning the two parties' use of topos of “History” to increase their populist appeal within the electorate.
Effects of Short-Term Sodium Nitrate versus Sodium Chloride Supplementation on Energy and Lipid Metabolism during High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise in Athletes

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of chronic nitrate supplementation on the metabolites of energy metabolism during high-intensity, high-volume intermittent training (HIHVT). In this placebo-controlled double-blind study, 17 participants exercised 3 times a week on a cycle ergometer. Sodium nitrate or sodium chloride as the placebo was supplemented daily at 8.5 mg/kg body weight for 10 days. The training exercise consisted of a warm-up, a 45-min interval period, and a post-exercise period. Oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, and various parameters were measured in the venous blood and plasma. During training, the oxygen uptake and respiratory exchange ratio did not differ between the nitrate and the placebo group. Venous plasma concentrations of nitrate and nitrite were significantly increased in the nitrate group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.007, respectively). Triglyceride concentrations were significantly lower in the nitrate group than in the placebo group (p = 0.010). The concentration of free fatty acids in the plasma did not change upon nitrate supplementation and no significant differences were observed in the contribution of fat to energy metabolism during exercise. An increase in plasma ammonia concentration was observed in the nitrate group during and after exercise (p = 0.048). Metabolites of energy-rich phosphates did not differ between the nitrate and chloride groups, suggesting no improvement in efficiency through the supplemented nitrate. It was concluded that nitrate supplementation did not reduce oxygen uptake and adenosine triphosphate resynthesis by hydrolysis or through creatine kinase activity during high-intensity, high-volume intermittent exercise. Although, lipid metabolism as well as amino acid metabolism might be affected by nitrate supplementation during HIHVT.
Daily Activity Restriction Quantification in Older Population via Using Activity Frequency: Dual Roles in Preventing Falls

Daily activity restriction is an expected physical behavior aiming to prevent falls in the older population. However, it plays dual roles in preventing falls, both positive and harmful. Therefore, the degree of daily activity restriction is proposed as a critical factor influencing the weight ratio of the positive and negative roles and finally determining the efficacy of fall prevention. Thus, quantification of daily activity restriction is essential to learn its efficacy. We proposed using activity frequency to quantify activity restriction and have testified its good sensitivity to discriminate the degree of activity restriction in older populations. We further attempted to link the degree of activity restriction with the degree of fear of falling to estimate the dual roles of activity restriction in preventing falls. Based on it, a new Composite Activity-specific Risk of Falls Scale tool has been developed. It is promising to use for guiding the modification of physical behavior to prevent falls in older populations. However, further studies are required to establish the evidence for its application.
The Impact of Female Directors on the Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility and Capital Structure: Evidence From Egypt

This paper examines how corporate social responsibility affects capital structure. The sample consists of 58 non-financial companies listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange, with 464 firm-year observations made between 2014 -2021 using the generalized method of moments and ordinary least squares. Data was gathered from reports and financial statements from an Egyptian information dissemination firm. This paper demonstrates that firms with female directors explain the negative impact of the association between corporate social responsibility and capital structure. Female directors and CSR disclosure improve manager oversight and reduce information asymmetry and agency conflicts. Results support agency and gender theories that expect different behavior from women in leadership posts.
DYNAMIC INSTABILITY OF BEAMS UNDER TIP FOLLOWER FORCES USING GEOMETRICALLY EXACT, FULLY INTRINSIC EQUATIONS

IN THIS STUDY, THE DYNAMIC INSTABILITY OF BEAMS UNDER TIP FOLLOWER FORCES ARE CONSIDERED. THE BEAM IS MODELED BY USING THE GEOMETRI-CALLY EXACT, FULLY INTRINSIC BEAM EQUATIONS WHICH IS SUBJECTED TO AN INCLINED TIP FOLLOWER FORCE. GENERALIZED DIFFERENTIAL QUADRATURE METHOD IS EMPLOYED TO SOLVE THE GOVERNING EQUATIONS. THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PARAMETERS SUCH AS FOLLOWER FORCE INCLINATION AND MAGNI-TUDE, ROTATING SPEED, THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE BEAM CENTER OF GRAVITY AND ELASTIC CENTER, AND CROSS-SECTIONAL PROPERTIES ON THE INSTABILITY BOUNDARY OF BEAMS ARE EXAMINED. NUMERICAL RESULTS REVEAL THAT THE CRITICAL LOAD OF THE SYSTEM CAN BE INFLUENCED OR IN SOME CASES BE REVERSED BY THE COMBINATION OF THESE PARAMETERS INSTEAD OF CONSIDERING THESE PARAMETERS SEPARATELY. MOREOVER, IT IS SHOWN THAT NOTWITHSTANDING THE SIMPLICITY OF THE EQUATIONS AND THE METHOD OF SOLUTION, THE RESULTS ARE VERY ACCURATE AND THEREFORE THE FULLY INTRINSIC EQUATIONS AND THE METHOD OF SOLUTION IS VERY USEFUL FOR THE DYNAMIC SOLUTION OF ROTATING AND NON-ROTATING BEAMS.
CFD Analysis Methods for Systems Driven by Natural Convection

CFD ANALYSIS METHODS FOR SYSTEMS DRIVEN BY NATURAL CONVECTION AARON PROPST 2017 Natural convection driven flows are present in many engineering applications such as HVAC, electronics cooling, and cryogenic systems. Predicting the flow behavior of such systems requires experimentation or numerical simulation through Computational Fluid Dynamics due to the complex interactions of natural convection. Recent advances in computing resources have made CFD increasingly popular for engineering analysis of fluid dynamics and heat transfer. CFD simulation has several advantages over experimentation including: 1) cost, 2) ease of changing design parameters, and 3) time required to obtain results. These advantages lead to an increased likelihood of discovering an optimal design. However, systems with complex geometry require large computational mesh sizes requiring large amounts of computing power, which makes model development difficult. The goal of this research is to create a modeling framework for simulating natural convection using CFD that maximizes computational efficiency without sacrificing the quality of the solution. This framework includes the selection of buoyancy models, turbulence models, mesh type, level of mesh refinement. This study specifically employs CFD to predict the flow mechanics, thermal profiles, and impurity levels of liquid argon within a large neutrino detector that is influenced greatly by natural convection. A uniform distribution of impurities is desired to ensure accurate electron lifetime readings
Natural convection combined with thermal radiation in a square cavity filled with a viscoelastic fluid

The purpose of this paper is to study natural convective heat transfer and viscoelastic fluid flow in a differentially heated square cavity under the effect of thermal radiation. ,The cavity filled with a viscoelastic fluid is heated uniformly from the left wall and cooled from the right side while insulated from horizontal walls. Governing partial differential equations formulated in non-dimensional stream function, vorticity and temperature with corresponding boundary conditions have been solved by finite difference method of second order accuracy. The effects of Rayleigh number (Ra = 1e+3−1e+5), radiation parameter (Rd = 0 − 10), Prandtl number (Pr = 1 − 30) and elastic number (E = 0.0001 − 0.001) on flow patterns, temperature fields, average Nusselt number at hot vertical wall and rate of fluid flow have been studied. ,It has been found that a growth of elastic number leads to the heat transfer reduction and convective flow attenuation. The heat conduction is a dominating heat transfer mechanism for high values of radiation parameter. ,The originality of this work is to analyze heat transfer and fluid flow of a viscoelastic fluid inside a differentially heated cavity. The results would benefit scientists and engineers to become familiar with the flow and heat behavior of non-Newtonian fluids, and the way to predict the properties of this flow for possibility of using viscoelastic fluids in compact heat exchangers, electronic cooling systems, polymer engineering, etc.
Is near-surface ice the driver of dust activity on 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko?

Context. Mainly for historical reasons, nearly all of the current thermophysical models of dust activity rely on the poorly justified assumption of cohesionless dust lifted by a gas drag force against the weak nucleus gravity. The interpretation of Rosetta data and our understanding of comet activity is particularly sensitive to this assumption. Aims. We investigate the role that cohesion forces among the dust grains play in the evolution of temperature and pressure at the ice-dust interface and the resulting dust activity (lifting). Methods. We used a 1D thermophysical numerical model that provides a realistic description of cohesion forces among dust aggregates. Several conditions of solar illumination on the nucleus are investigated for the H 2 O, CO, and CO 2 ices below the dust layer. We examine a wide range of dust grain sizes. Results. The simulations confirm an increase in temperature and pressure at the ice boundary between the two model layers with respect to exposed pure ice. Furthermore, we show that a non-monotonic behavior of temperature and pressure versus layer thickness is expected at the ice-dust interface for fine aggregates (of sizes ≤30 μ m), but not for the larger grains. The ratio of vapor pressure to the physically determined tensile strength for various agglomerate sizes and layer thicknesses provides further evidence that the gas drag is not sufficient to remove dust grains of sizes Conclusions. In the framework of the presented model, which can be considered common in terms of assumptions and physical parameters in the cometary community, the dust removal by a gas drag force is not a plausible physical mechanism. The sublimation of not only water ice, but also of super-volatile ice (i.e., CO) is unable to remove dust grains for illumination conditions corresponding to 1.3 AU. A way out of this impasse requires revision of the most common model assumption employed by the cometary community.