Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Centrality measures in multilayer networks

Network science is an interdisciplinary academic field that has applications in many disciplines including sociology, biology, economics, operations research, and computer science. ‘Multilayer’ networks allow multiple types of relationships to be represented in modelling. Recently, there have been some efforts to generalise ‘centrality’ measures—indicators that quantify the importance of nodes in a network—in order that they are also applicable in multilayer networks. In this report, we put forward a proposition that enables existing tools for centrality measures defined by random walks in undirected multilayer networks with edge weights to be directly applicable to undirected multilayer networks with both nonnegative edge weights and nonnegative node weights. We then give detailed derivations and proofs for two approaches to calculating random-walk occupation centrality, PageRank centrality, random-walk betweenness centrality and random-walk closeness centrality in multilayer networks with edge weights. One approach exploits the multilayer structure and the other generalises centrality measures directly from monoplex (i.e. single-layer) networks. We compare the two methods by ranking economies in the international trade system and through general numerical simulations. Our simulations imply that node weights are a property that is not only natural but also nontrivial to add to multilayer networks. We also identify several cases where multiple centrality measures are very positively correlated, which is important for reducing computational cost and processing research data that have missing values, or corrupted multilayer structure. Additionally, all simulations suggest that randomwalk closeness centrality and its associated centrality measures do not distinguish node importance as much as the other measures; they are not significantly correlated with the other measures either. The simulations also indicate that random-walk betweenness centrality and random-walk closeness centrality depend more on the multilayer structure than random-walk occupation centrality and PageRank.
Predicate Logic for Software Engineering

The interpretations of logical expressions found in most introductory textbooks are not suitable for use in software engineering applications because they do not deal with partial functions. More advanced papers and texts deal with partial functions in a variety of complex ways. This paper proposes a very simple change to the classic interpretation of predicate expressions, one that defines their value for all values of all variables, yet is almost identical to the standard definitions. It then illustrates the application of this interpretation in software documentation. >
Mapping land cover and estimating forest structure using satellite imagery and coarse resolution lidar in the Virgin Islands

Current information on land cover, forest type and forest structure for the Virgin Islands is critical to land managers and researchers for accurate forest inventory and ecological monitoring. In this study, we use cloud free image mosaics of panchromatic sharpened Landsat ETM+ images and decision tree classification software to map land cover and forest type for the Virgin Islands, illustrating a low cost, repeatable mapping approach. Also, we test if coarse-resolution discrete lidar data that are often collected in conjunction with digital orthophotos are useful for mapping forest structural attributes. This approach addresses the factors that affect vegetation distribution and structure by testing if environmental variables can improve regression models of forest height and biomass derived from lidar data. The overall accuracy of the 29 forest and non-forest classes is 72%, while most the forest types are classified with greater than 70% accuracy. Due to the large point spacing of this lidar dataset, it is most appropriate for height measurements of dominant and co-dominant trees (R 2 = 72%) due to its inability to accurately represent forest understory. Above ground biomass per hectare is estimated by its direct relationship with plot canopy height (R 2 = 0.72%).
Efficient Load Balancing Method for Mobile Applicable iSCSI-based Remote Storage Service

Mobile appliances are getting used in many areas. The explosive growth of the mobile appliance markets and requests of a lot of demands in mobile-related services lead many researches to apply for wired network environment services to mobile appliances. However, there are too many restrictions like connection failures to apply service that requires large scales of multimedia data, or services that require block unit I/O like large scale database to mobile devices. Using fail-over channel for the error recovery without any consideration of load processing status in each connection leads inefficient usage in wireless networks then it makes the quality of whole remote storage service down. In this paper, we propose an efficient load balancing method for iSCSI-based remote storage system to efficiently distribute data to valid connections when the established connection is failed in large scale data transmission of mobile applicant which supports multi-connection
Negation Scope Delimitation in Clinical Text Using Three Approaches: NegEx, PyConTextNLP and SynNeg

Negation detection is a key component in clinical information extraction systems, as health record text contains reasonings in which the physician excludes different diagnoses by negating them. Many systems for negation detection rely on negation cues (e.g. not), but only few studies have investigated if the syntactic structure of the sentences can be used for determining the scope of these cues. We have in this paper compared three different systems for negation detection in Swedish clinical text (NegEx, PyConTextNLP and SynNeg), which have different approaches for determining the scope of negation cues. NegEx uses the distance between the cue and the disease, PyConTextNLP relies on a list of conjunctions limiting the scope of a cue, and in SynNeg the boundaries of the sentence units, provided by a syntactic parser, limit the scope of the cues. The three systems produced similar results, detecting negation with an F-score of around 80%, but using a parser had advantages when handling longer, complex sentences or short sentences with contradictory statements.
Providing Expert Advice by Analogy for On-Line Help

One of the principal problems of online help is the mismatch between the specialized knowledge and technical vocabulary of experts who are providing the help, and the relative naïveté of novices, who usually are often not in a position to understand solutions expressed by the expert in their own terms. Most of the interfaces are plagued by recurrent key problems: 1) elicitation ¿ how to ask questions that enable the helper to make decisions, and at the same time, are understandable to the novice, and 2) explanation ¿ how to explain rationale behind expert decisions in terms that the user can understand. One of the best ways to do this is for the expert to provide analogies in terms of Commonsense knowledge, which provide metaphors that help novices learn problem-solving skills. SuggestDesk is a system that acts as an advisor to an online technical support person. It uses a large Commonsense knowledge base to search for analogies between known technical problem-solution pairs, and situations and events in everyday life that can be used to explain them.
A practical soft type system for Scheme

Soft typing is a generalization of static type checking that accommodates both dynamic typing and static typing in one framework. A soft type checker infers types for identifiers and inserts explicit run-time checks to transform untypable programs into typable form. Soft Scheme is a practical soft type system for R4RS Scheme. The type checker uses a representation for types that is expressive, easy to interpret, and supports efficient type inference. Soft Scheme supports all of R4RS Scheme, including uncurried procedures of fixed and variable arity, assignment, and continuations.
Aggiunte e integrazioni alla “flora vascolare della Lombardia centro-orientale”

EnglishAdditional information regarding the Vascular Flora of Central-Eastern Lombardy is presented. Data includes   REVHUYDWLRQV LQ WKH AHOG  KHUEDULXP UHIHUHQFHV  bibliographical references and 17 references derived from recent revisions of historical herbaria for a total of 1156 new items of information. Two new genera have been registered for the Flora, both exotic: Phyla and Sesamum. New or UHYLYHGWD[DDWDVSHFLAFDQGLQIUDVSHFLAFOHYHODPRXQWWR including Campanula martinii and Sempervivum soculense which are new to science, and one, Hieracium dolichaetum, revived for the area concerned. italianoVengono presentate le aggiunte e le integrazioni alla “Flora vascolare delle Lombardia centro-orientale”. Si tratta di 1156 nuovi dati, di cui 891 osservazioni in campo, GDWLG·HUEDULRVHJQDOD]LRQLELEOLRJUDAFKHUHFHQWLH derivate da revisioni di erbari storici. Sono stati registrati due generi nuovi per la Flora, ambedue esotici: Phyla e Sesamum. I taxaQXRYLRUHGLYLYLDOLYHOORVSHFLAFRHLQIUDVSHFLAFRVRQRQHO complesso 21. Fra questi Campanula martinii e Sempervivum soculense risultano nuovi per la scienza e uno, Hieracium dolichaetum, redivivo per il territorio considerato.
Fixed codebook design for ACELP coder using algebraic trellis vector codes

In this paper, a block-constrained trellis coded vector quantization (BC-TCVQ) algorithm is combined with an algebraic codebook to produce an algebraic trellis vector code (ATVC) to be used in ACELP coding. In ATVC, the set of allowed algebraic codebook pulse position is expanded, and the trellis branches are labeled with these subsets. Viterbi algorithm is used to select the excitation codevector. The ATVC block code is used as the fixed codebook of the AMR-NB 12.2kbps mode, reducing complexity compared to the conventional algebraic codebook.
Source and channel coding for cooperative relaying

We consider the end-to-end distortion achieved by a half-duplex relay system where a continuous amplitude source is transmitted over a quasi-static Rayleigh fading channel. We investigate layered source coding (LS) where different source layers are sent at different times. The relay only forwards the important layers, leading to higher multiplexing gains. Alternatively, different source layers can be superimposed using a broadcast code (BS). The third strategy we consider is uncoded transmission (UT) followed by amplify-and-forward relaying. In all cases we perform a high SNR analysis and find the optimal distortion exponent which is the exponential decay rate of expected distortion with increasing SNR. We show that layered compression and broadcast coding is optimal in distortion exponent sense for large bandwidth expansions.
Phrase-based statistical machine translation

This paper briefly introduces the research status of statistical machine translation,and mainly focused on the log-linear model at the basis of the current dominating research methods.We describes the feature selection,parameter training,decoding algorithm,and makes some primary experiments on the log-linear model,the results show that this kind of model can achieve good performance in translation task.
Par6b Regulates the Dynamics of Apicobasal Polarity during Development of the Stratified Xenopus Epidermis

During early vertebrate development, epithelial cells establish and maintain apicobasal polarity, failure of which can cause developmental defects or cancer metastasis. This process has been mostly studied in simple epithelia that have only one layer of cells, but is poorly understood in stratified epithelia. In this paper we address the role of the polarity protein Partitioning defective-6 homolog beta (Par6b) in the developing stratified epidermis of Xenopus laevis. At the blastula stage, animal blastomeres divide perpendicularly to the apicobasal axis to generate partially polarized superficial cells and non-polarized deep cells. Both cell populations modify their apicobasal polarity during the gastrula stage, before differentiating into the superficial and deep layers of epidermis. Early differentiation of the epidermis is normal in Par6b-depleted embryos; however, epidermal cells dissociate and detach from embryos at the tailbud stage. Par6b-depleted epidermal cells exhibit a significant reduction in basolaterally localized E-cadherin. Examination of the apical marker Crumbs homolog 3 (Crb3) and the basolateral marker Lethal giant larvae 2 (Lgl2) after Par6b depletion reveals that Par6b cell-autonomously regulates the dynamics of apicobasal polarity in both superficial and deep epidermal layers. Par6b is required to maintain the “basolateral” state in both epidermal layers, which explains the reduction of basolateral adhesion complexes and epidermal cells shedding.
Development of the grocery retail market in China: A qualitative study of how foreign and domestic retailers seek to increase market share

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the development of the grocery retail market in China. International retailers have been in China for more than ten years, during which period a series of profound changes has occurred in the Chinese retail sector. International retailers introduced advanced retail techniques and managerial approaches; domestic retailers grew more sophisticated in their supply chain management. Foreign‐based retailers in China can compete in hypermarket and supercentre formats because they offer higher‐quality products and achieve larger economies of scale. Domestic retailers compete by operating smaller formats and maintaining good relationships with governments and local communities. However, formerly state‐owned domestic retailers appear less competitive because they lack funds and adopt poor management styles. This study aims to make recommendations about future developments by domestic and foreign grocery retailers.Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes the.
Natural Product-Like Virtual Libraries: Recursive Atom-Based Enumeration

A new molecular enumerator is described that allows chemically and architecturally diverse sets of natural product-like and drug-like structures to be generated from a core structure as simple as a single carbon atom or as complex as a polycyclic ring system. Integrated with a rudimentary machine-learning algorithm, the enumerator has the ability to assemble biased virtual libraries enriched in compounds predicted to meet target criteria. The ability to dynamically generate relatively small focused libraries in a recursive manner could reduce the computational time and infrastructure necessary to construct and manage extremely large static libraries. Depending on enumeration conditions, natural product-like structures can be produced with a wide range of heterocyclic and alicyclic ring assemblies. Because natural products represent a proven source of validated structures for identifying and designing new drug candidates, mimicking the structural and topological diversity found in nature with a dynamic set of virtual natural product-like compounds may facilitate the creation of new ideas for novel, biologically relevant lead structures in areas of uncharted chemical space.
Squeezing maximizing performance out of 3D cache-stacked multicore architectures

3D integration is one of the most promising options to fulfill the demands of high performance and large cache by integrating multiple processor cores and 3D stacked cache. There are however temperature problems in 3D integration. This paper presents a method for performance maximization of a 3D cache-stacked multicore system keeping the temperature under a given limit while by assigning the clock frequencies and number of cache banks to each core according to the requirement. We have done experiments on multiple benchmark programs and have found a peak 32% and an average 29.8% improvement in performance as compared to the base case which assigns the same frequency and the same number of banks to each core.
Characterizing Video Responses in Social Networks

Video sharing sites, such as YouTube, use video responses to enhance the social interactions among their users. The video response feature allows users to interact and converse through video, by creating a video sequence that begins with an opening video and followed by video responses from other users. Our characterization is over 3.4 million videos and 400,000 video responses collected from YouTube during a 7-day period. We first analyze the characteristics of the video responses, such as popularity, duration, and geography. We then examine the social networks that emerge from the video response interactions.
Determination of crop water stress index (CWSI) of second crop corn in a semiarid climate

This study was carried out to determine the relationship between the canopy-air temperature differential and vapor pressure deficit (VPD), which can be used to quantify the crop water stress index (CWSI) under fully irrigated ( 100 %) and maximum water stress (0 %) conditions of furrow irrigated corn. The effects of five different irrigation levels (100, 70, 50, 30 and 0 % replenishment of soil water depleted from the 0.90 m soil profile depth) on corn yields and the resulting CWSI were investigated. The highest yield and total water use were obtained under fully irrigated corn plots (100 % replenishment of soil water depleted). The trends in CWSI values were consistent with the soil water content induced by deficit irrigation. CWSI increased with increased soil water deficit. An average CWSI of 0.22 before irrigation time provided the highest grain corn yield. The yield was directly correlated with seasonal mean CWSI values and a second order polynomial equation “Y = 59258CWSI -72051CWSI +24060” can be used to predict the grain yield of corn as a second crop under the semiarid climate.
Overexpression of USP39 predicts poor prognosis and promotes tumorigenesis of prostate cancer via promoting EGFR mRNA maturation and transcription elongation

Castration resistance is a serious problem facing clinical treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). The underlying molecular mechanisms of acquired proliferation ability of tumor cells upon androgen deprivation are largely undetermined. In the present study, we identified that ubiquitin specific peptidase 39 (USP39) was significantly upregulated in PCa samples and cell lines. Elevated USP39 expression was positively correlated with Gleason score, predicted a poor outcome, and functioned as an independent risk factor for biochemical recurrence (BCR) especially in patients with a Gleason score ≤7. Our cell-based study showed that the expression level of USP39 was the highest in AR-negative PCa cell lines. Knockdown of USP39 in PCa cells inhibited cancer colony formation and tumor cell growth, and induced G2/M arrest and cell apoptosis. Microarray analysis suggested that knockdown of USP39 caused a reduced expression of EGFR. Silencing of USP39 inhibited the expression of EGFR 3′-end, and presented a remarkable block to the maturation of EGFR mRNA, suggesting that silencing of USP39 decreased the transcriptional elongation and maturation of EGFR mRNA. Oncomine datasets analysis showed that USP39 expression was positively correlated with EGFR level. The above findings suggest that USP39 plays a vital oncogenic role in the tumorigenesis of PCa and may prove to be a potential biomarker for predicting the prognosis of PCa patients.
Integrative Bioinformatics Approaches to Analyze Molecular Events in Pluripotency

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have the capacity to proliferate almost indefinitely. Analysis of gene expression profiles of hESCs could offer an insight into the crucial genes concerned in maintaining pluripotency and the genes that may be involved in cell differentiation. Combining network and high throughput data enables to understand the role of epigenetic mechanisms, signalling pathways and transcription factors responsible in human pluripotency and screening of putative mechanistic relationships, validation of existing knowledge, yielding hypotheses, and suggestions for new experiments. Decoding the hub of factors and their associated interactions is an important beginning to understand the complexities associated with the hESCs and transfer the knowledge for creation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPS). This review is aimed at increasing the elemental information of integrative bioinformatics approaches useful for studying self-renewal and differentiation processes using new holistic data on gene expression and epigenetic marks associated with cell pluripotency. Two basic approaches namely the representation as biological networks and semantic web technology have been described for the management of the ever increasing high throughput data. An integrated approach to disentangle the biological intricacies would be highly beneficial in the field of medical and health sciences
Minimal-contact psychotherapy for sub-threshold depression in primary care

Background Sub-threshold depression is a prognostic variable for major depression. Interventions in sub-threshold depression may prevent the onset of new cases of major depression. Aims To examine the effects of minimal-contact psychotherapy in primary care patients with sub-threshold depression on the onset of major depression, on the reduction in depressive symptoms and on health-related quality of life. Method We conducted a randomised trial in primary care, in which patients screened for sub-threshold depression were randomly assigned to minimal-contact psychotherapy (n=107) or to usual care (n=109). Results One year after baseline, the incidence of major depressive disorder was found to be significantly lower in the psychotherapy group (12%) than in those receiving usual care (18%). Small but significant effects were also found on depressive symptoms and on aspects of health-related quality of life. Conclusions Primary care patients with sub-threshold depression can benefit from minimal-contact psychotherapy.
Animal Models of Acute and Chronic Graft‐Versus‐Host Disease

Graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) represents a special situation in transplantation immunology in which immunocompetent donor cells are engrafted into recipients that are incapable of rejecting them due to tolerance, immaturity, or radiation‐ or chemotherapy‐induced immune deficiency. Donor T cells encountering allogeneic stimulators become activated, secrete cytokines, proliferate, and differentiate into effectors; this in vivo immune response is known as the graft‐versus‐host reaction (GVHR). The systemic effects of this initial donor anti‐host reaction comprise a multiorgan syndrome, graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). Murine GVHD experiments have been utilized to model the clinical disorders of acute and chronic GVHD (AGVHD and CGVHD) that occur after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, and also to study T cell regulation, induction of tolerance, and autoimmune diseases. Presented in this unit are methods for generating and assessing both AGVHD and CGVHD in mice. While the two syndromes differ markedly in immunopathogenesis, both can be induced by the two main methods presented: transfer of allogenic donor lymphocytes and stem cells into irradiated hosts, and transfer of parental strain lymphocytes and stem cells into unirradiated, immune‐competent F1 strain hosts. Several endpoints of AGVHD and CGVHD should be evaluated in experimental mice, with comparisons made to the syngeneic transplant control or the T cell‐depleted allogeneic control. To this end, protocols are provided for the assessment of survival rates, weight loss, chimerism, donor‐host cytotoxicity, and cytokine and proliferative responses to mitogenic or allogeneic stimuli. Histopathology and assays of B cell immune function are also described for evaluation of the pathogenesis of GVHD.