Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Left Posterior Parietal Cortex Contributes to the Selection Process for the Initial Swing Leg in Gait Initiation

The present study examined whether the left posterior parietal cortex contributes to the selection process for the initial swing leg in gait initiation. Healthy humans initiated the gait in response to an auditory start cue. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was given over P3, P4, F3 or F4 simultaneously, with the auditory start cue, in the on-TMS condition. A coil was placed over one of the four TMS sites, but TMS was not given in the off-TMS condition. The probability of right leg selection in the on-TMS condition was significantly lower than in the off-TMS condition when the coil was placed over P3, indicating that the left posterior parietal cortex contributes to the selection process of the initial swing leg of gait initiation. The latency of the anticipatory postural adjustment for gait initiation with the left leg was shortened by TMS over F4 or P4, but with the right leg was shortened by TMS over P3 or P4. Thus, the cortical process affecting the time taken to execute the motor process of gait initiation with the right leg may be related to the selection process of the initial swing leg of gait initiation.
A Machine Learning-Based Approach for Predicting Patient Punctuality in Ambulatory Care Centers

Late-arriving patients have become a prominent concern in several ambulatory care clinics across the globe. Accommodating them could lead to detrimental ramifications such as schedule disruption and increased waiting time for forthcoming patients, which, in turn, could lead to patient dissatisfaction, reduced care quality, and physician burnout. However, rescheduling late arrivals could delay access to care. This paper aims to predict the patient-specific risk of late arrival using machine learning (ML) models. Data from two different ambulatory care facilities are extracted, and a comprehensive list of predictor variables is identified or derived from the electronic medical records. A comparative analysis of four ML algorithms (logistic regression, random forests, gradient boosting machine, and artificial neural networks) that differ in their training mechanism is conducted. The results indicate that ML algorithms can accurately predict patient lateness, but a single model cannot perform best with respect to predictive performance, training time, and interpretability. Prior history of late arrivals, age, and afternoon appointments are identified as critical predictors by all the models. The ML-based approach presented in this research can serve as a decision support tool and could be integrated into the appointment system for effectively managing and mitigating tardy arrivals.
The effect of training on the lateral musculature of O‐group roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.), and their fatigue in subsequent exercise tests

First year roach from a Stillwater habitat were maintained in an’artificial stream for periods of up to 40 days and samples of the lateral musculature were subjected to histological examination. It was found that there was a highly significant increase in the percentage of red muscle present in the hindermost regions of the fish confined for 30 days or more in the stream. In subsequent exercise tests, it was shown that the FV50 was higher for fish conditioned for 40 days, but it was considered unlikely that this increase in swimming ability was as a direct result of changes in muscle composition.
Bile duct injuries after cholecystectomy, analysis of constant risk

Backgrounds/Aims The bile duct injuries are the most severe complications that occur after the surgical manipulation of the bile duct. The hepaticojejunostomy remained as the best treatment. Several factors identified that affect the result. This study aimed to analyze and identify risk factors that affected the evolution of these patients. Methods A retrospective, observational study was conducted from February 1998 to June 2017. We included all patients with bile duct injuries who required surgical treatment. Results We found 79 patients. The majority had a Bismuth type III in 35.4% (n=28). The morbidity of the Hepaticojejunostomy was 19% (n=15). In short-term follow-up, the main complications were cholangitis 11.4% (n=9) and bile leak 10% (n=8). In the long-term follow-up, in 2.5% (n=2) stricture was presented. On the comparison between postoperative and preoperative parameters, biliary peritonitis after a cholecystectomy (p=0.02) was an independent predictor of postoperative morbidity (p<0.05). Conclusions In the treatment of bile duct injuries, different factors affect their outcomes. Our results show that infectious complications continue to affect the results of the treatment of bile duct lesions.
Tolerance of Honey Bees to Varroa Mite in the Absence of Deformed Wing Virus

The global spread of the parasitic mite Varroa destructor has emphasized the significance of viruses as pathogens of honey bee (Apis mellifera) populations. In particular, the association of deformed wing virus (DWV) with V. destructor and its devastating effect on honey bee colonies has led to that virus now becoming one of the most well-studied insect viruses. However, there has been no opportunity to examine the effects of Varroa mites without the influence of DWV. In Papua New Guinea (PNG), the sister species, V. jacobsoni, has emerged through a host-shift to reproduce on the local A. mellifera population. After initial colony losses, beekeepers have maintained colonies without chemicals for more than a decade, suggesting that this bee population has an unknown mite tolerance mechanism. Using high throughput sequencing (HTS) and target PCR detection, we investigated whether the viral landscape of the PNG honey bee population is the underlying factor responsible for mite tolerance. We found A. mellifera and A. cerana from PNG and nearby Solomon Islands were predominantly infected by sacbrood virus (SBV), black queen cell virus (BQCV) and Lake Sinai viruses (LSV), with no evidence for any DWV strains. V. jacobsoni was infected by several viral homologs to recently discovered V. destructor viruses, but Varroa jacobsoni rhabdovirus-1 (ARV-1 homolog) was the only virus detected in both mites and honey bees. We conclude from these findings that A. mellifera in PNG may tolerate V. jacobsoni because the damage from parasitism is significantly reduced without DWV. This study also provides further evidence that DWV does not exist as a covert infection in all honey bee populations, and remaining free of this serious viral pathogen can have important implications for bee health outcomes in the face of Varroa.
Real-world use of temsirolimus in Japanese patients with unresectable or metastatic renal cell carcinoma: recent consideration based on the results of a post-marketing, all-case surveillance study

Abstract Objective A prospective, observational, post-marketing surveillance was conducted to assess the safety and effectiveness of temsirolimus in patients with renal cell carcinoma in Japan. Methods Patients prescribed temsirolimus for advanced renal cell carcinoma were registered and received temsirolimus (25 mg weekly, intravenous infusion for 30–60 minutes) in routine clinical settings (observation period: 96 weeks). Results Among 1001 patients included in the safety analysis data set (median age, 65.0 years; men, 74.8%; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 or 1, 69.6%), 778 (77.7%) reported adverse drug reactions. The most common (≥10%) all-grade adverse drug reactions were stomatitis (26.7%), interstitial lung disease (17.3%) and platelet count decreased (11.1%). The incidence rate of grade ≥3 interstitial lung disease was 4.5%. The onset of interstitial lung disease was more frequent after 4–8 weeks of treatment or in patients with lower Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (21.6% for score 0 vs 8.3% for score 4, P < 0.001). Among 654 patients in the effectiveness analysis data set, the response and clinical benefit rates were 6.7% (95% confidence interval 4.9–8.9) and 53.2% (95% confidence interval 49.3–57.1), respectively. The median progression-free survival was 18.3 weeks (95% confidence interval 16.9–21.1). Conclusions The safety and effectiveness profile of temsirolimus observed in this study was similar to that observed in the multinational phase 3 study. The results are generalizable to the real-world scenario at the time of this research, and safety and effectiveness of temsirolimus as a subsequent anticancer therapy for renal cell carcinoma warrants further investigation. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01210482, NCT01420601).
Drought Tolerance of Eragrostis tef and Development of Roots

Drought is a major environmental constraint affecting the growth and production of tef (Eragrostis tef). The selection of tef cultivars has been mainly empirical since little is known about how various cultivars respond to drought stress. Using cultivars that differ in drought tolerance, this study aimed to identify mechanisms of drought tolerance and the extent of variation within cultivars. Five representative cultivars of tef (Kaye Murri, Ada, Balami, Fesho, and Alba) were selected and cultured in 100‐cm polyvinyl chloride tubes for 24 d. They were subsequently subjected to drought stress until the soil water potential reached −2.0 MPa. Photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, leaf water potential, relative water content, osmotic adjustment (OA), total root length, and maximum root length (MRL) were measured during experimental periods. MRLs were 34.6% and 35% longer under drought conditions for Kaye Murri and Ada, respectively, compared with irrigated conditions, while the largest OA value of 1.38 MPa was observed for Fesho. Balami decreased relative growth rate with declining MRL and without OA. This study suggested that the ability to elongate MRL and to undergo OA contributes to better performance in drought tolerance for Kaye Murri, Ada, and Fesho compared with Balami and Alba.
Indonesian children fecal microbiome from birth until weaning was different from microbiomes of their mothers

ABSTRACT Gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota play an important role in human health and wellbeing and the first wave of gut microbes arrives mostly through vertical transmission from mother to child. This study has undertaken to understand the microbiota profile of healthy Southeast Asian mother-infant pairs. Here, we examined the fecal, vaginal and breast milk microbiota of Indonesian mothers and the fecal microbiota of their children from less than 1 month to 48 months old. To determine the immune status of children and the effect of diet at different ages, we examined the level of cytokines, bile acids in the fecal water and weaning food frequency. The fecal microbiota of the children before weaning contained mainly Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium, which presented at low abundance in the samples of mothers. After weaning, the fecal microbiome of children was mainly of the Prevotella type, with decreasing levels of Bifidobacterium, thus becoming more like the fecal microbiome of the mother. The abundance of infant fecal commensals generally correlated inversely with potential pathogens before weaning. The fecal Bifidobacterium in children correlated inversely with the consumption of complex carbohydrates and fruits after weaning. The specific cytokines related to the proliferation and maturation of immunity were found to increase after weaning. A decreasing level of primary bile acids and an increase of secondary bile acids were observed after weaning. This study highlights the change in the GI microbiota of infants to adult-type microbiota after weaning and identifies diet as a major contributing factor.
TrajMesa: A Distributed NoSQL Storage Engine for Big Trajectory Data

Trajectory data is very useful for many urban applications. However, due to its spatio-temporal and high-volume properties, it is challenging to manage trajectory data. Existing trajectory data management frameworks suffer from scalability problem, and only support limited trajectory queries. This paper proposes a holistic distributed NoSQL trajectory storage engine, TrajMesa, based on GeoMesa, an open-source indexing toolkit for spatio-temporal data. TrajMesa adopts a novel storage schema, which reduces the storage size tremendously. We also devise novel indexing key designs, and propose a bunch of pruning strategies. TrajMesa can support plentiful queries efficiently, including ID-Temporal query, spatial range query, similarity query, and k-NN query. Experimental results show the powerful query efficiency and scalability of TrajMesa.
Communal Nesting in Antechinus stuartii (Marsupialia : Dasyuridae)

Unrelated Antechinus stuartii spend a high proportion of their time in mixed-sex communal nests. Communal nesting starts early in the year, after females have weaned their young. It appears to be driven by the need for social interactions and familiarity between all the individuals in an area. The mixed communal nests persist into the mating season, when males and females often visit more than one communal nest each day. During the mating season, males spend no more than 8 hours in a communal nest, and travel extensively between communal nests, perhaps in an effort to improve their reproductive success. Lactating females nest solitarily. To meet the needs of their litter, they increase the number of foraging trips they undertake, but do not reduce the total amount of time spent within the nest at this energetically expensive time of year.
A Systematic Overview of Chemotherapy Effects in B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia

A systematic review of chemotherapy trials in several tumour types was performed by The Swedish Council of Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU). The procedures for the evaluation of the scienti c literature are described separately (Acta Oncol 2001; 40: 155–65). This synthesis of the literature on chemotherapy for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) is based on data from 20 randomised controlled trials and one meta-analysis. Moreover, data from 19 prospective studies, one retrospective study and four other articles were used. Totally 44 scienti c articles are included, involving 11 289 patients. The conclusions reached can be summarized into the following points:
Taxonomic studies on Asplenium sect. Thamnopteris (Aspleniaceae) II: spore morphology

Asplenium sect. Thamnopteris is a morphologically distinct group within Asplenium, however, the species delimitation within the section is difficult. To evaluate the utility of spore morphology in the taxonomy of Asplenium sect. Thamnopteris, we examined 64 samples representing ca 25 species using scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the spores are monolete and ellipsoidal in shape, and range between 35.7–50.1 × 24.1–32.4 µm in size. The perispore is morphologically very diverse but relatively stable within species. Based on the morphology of spores, we discuss the species concept of A. nidus L. and A. phyllitidis D. Don, propose a new combination (A. latibasis) for Neottopteris latibasis Ching, and treat A. phyllitidis subsp. malesicum Holttum, N. latibasis, N. latipes Ching ex S. H. Wu, and N. subantiqua Ching ex S. H. Wu as new synonyms. A key to all known species of sect. Thamnopteris is provided using characters of spore morphology.
Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Dentistry–A Comprehensive Review of Literature

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has become a real challenge for healthcare providers around the world and has significantly affected the dental professionals in practices, universities and research institutions. The aim of this article was to review the available literature on the relevant aspects of dentistry in relation to COVID-19 and to discuss potential impacts of COVID-19 outbreak on clinical dentistry, dental education and research. Although the coronavirus pandemic has caused many difficulties for provision of clinical dentistry, there would be an opportunity for the dental educators to modernize their teaching approaches using novel digital concepts in teaching of clinical skills and by enhancement of online communication and learning platforms. This pandemic has also highlighted some of the major gaps in dental research and the need for new relevant knowledge to manage the current crisis and minimize the impact of such outbreaks on dentistry in the future. In conclusion, COVID-19 has had many immediate complications for dentistry of which some may have further long-term impacts on clinical practice, dental education and dental research.
CUDC‐907, a novel dual PI3K and HDAC inhibitor, in prostate cancer: Antitumour activity and molecular mechanism of action

Targeting the androgen receptor (AR) signalling pathway remains the main therapeutic option for advanced prostate cancer. However, resistance to AR‐targeting inhibitors represents a great challenge, highlighting the need for new therapies. Activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and increased expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) are common aberrations in prostate cancer, suggesting that inhibition of such targets may be a viable therapeutic strategy for this patient population. Previous reports demonstrated that combination of PI3K inhibitors (PI3KIs) with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) resulted in synergistic antitumour activities against preclinical models of prostate cancer. In this study, we demonstrate that the novel dual PI3K and HDAC inhibitor CUDC‐907 has promising antitumour activity against prostate cancer cell lines in vitro and castration‐resistant LuCaP 35CR patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model in vivo. CUDC‐907‐induced apoptosis was partially dependent on Mcl‐1, Bcl‐xL, Bim and c‐Myc. Further, down‐regulation of Wee1, CHK1, RRM1 and RRM2 contributed to CUDC‐907‐induced DNA damage and apoptosis. In the LuCaP 35CR PDX model, treatment with CUDC‐907 resulted in significant inhibition of tumour growth. These findings support the clinical development of CUDC‐907 for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Soluble dietary fibers from black soybean hulls: Physical and enzymatic modification, structure, physical properties, and cholesterol binding capacity.

We used ultrasound-microwave comodification and enzyme modification (cellulase and hemicellulase) methods to extract soluble dietary fibers (SDFs) from black soybean hulls. Moreover, the structure, physical, and chemical properties, as well as the cholesterol-binding capacity of SDFs before and after modification were analyzed. The average molecular weight of SDFs extracted from raw black soybean hulls was 2.815 × 105 Da. By comparison, the average molecular weight of SDFs from ultrasound-microwave comodified hulls and enzyme-modified hulls decreased by 33.21% and 45.29%, respectively. The water-holding capacity (WHC), water-swelling capacity (WSC), and oil-holding capacity (OHC) of the extracted SDFs modified by the ultrasound-microwave method were 3.79 g/g, 1.39 mL/g, and 1.14 g/g, respectively, a 9.54%, 23.01%, and 17.53% increase from the values of raw SDF. The WHC, WSC, and OHC of SDFs modified via the enzyme method were 3.59 g/g, 1.25 mL/g, and 1.03 g/g, respectively, with a 3.76%, 10.62%, and 6.19% increase when compared to raw SDFs. The cholesterol-binding capacity of SDFs modified via the ultrasound-microwave and enzyme methods was 13.82 and 12.34 mg/g, respectively, with an increase of 47.98% and 32.20% when compared to raw SDFs. The changes in structure and physical and chemical properties were shown to be closely related to the significantly improved cholesterol-binding capacity of the SDFs from modified black soybean hulls. This provides a theoretical basis for subsequent research and development of black soybean hulls products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: At present, the black soybean hull, a byproduct of general grains, is usually abandoned, but black soybean hull is rich in dietary fiber. Enzymatic modification and ultrasound-microwave comodification were used to treat black soybean hull to prepare small molecular weight, highly active soluble dietary fiber. This research is of great significance to the deep processing of black soybean hull and improvement of the economic benefits of black soybean byproducts.
Feeding on the wing: hovering in nectar-drinking Old World birds—more common than expected

Abstract A long-standing paradigm in pollination biology is that New World hummingbirds hover and Old World birds perch when visiting flowers to consume nectar. In contrast, it is now known that hummingbirds perch whenever possible and that nectarivorous Old World birds sometimes hover. However, no overview of hovering behaviour and its frequency in nectarivorous Old World birds exists. This review documents observations of hovering behaviour in 81 species in 11 families of Old World birds, mainly in sunbirds (46 species) and other specialist nectarivores, and less frequently in generalist nectarivores. Hovering behaviour occurs more frequently than thought, not only in terms of the range of avian species but also in its occurrence within species. It was found that neither the geographical distribution of bird species nor their traits (size, body mass) are a limiting factor for hovering behaviour, but that plant traits are important. When perches at the plants are inadequate or lacking, hovering is more appropriate or necessary. It is suggested that, as to foraging behaviour, the distinction between specialist and generalist nectarivorous birds is more adequate than that between hovering hummingbirds and perching passerines. In other words, the foraging behaviour of specialist nectarivorous passerines is more similar to that of hummingbirds than to that of generalist passerines.
Depth and Seasonal Distribution of Some Groups of the Vagile Fauna of the Posidonia oceanica Leaf Stratum: Structural and Trophic Analyses

The taxonomical and trophic structures of the vagile fauna communities of the leaf stratum in a Posidonia oceanica meadow at Ischia (Gulf of Naples, Italy) were investigated at five stations along a depth gradient (1 to 25 m). Sampling was performed in July, November, February, and May. The analyzed groups - polychaetes, molluscs, tanaids, isopods, amphipods, and decapods - exhibited similar distributional trends in all seasons, with coenotic discontinuities occurring at well-defined depths. The same zonation pattern was produced by feeding-guild analysis. Eleven trophic groups were identified. The most abundant groups were: Herbivores, which were found mainly at the shallow stations; Herbivores-deposit feeders, which were widely distributed along the transect; Deposit feeders-carnivores, found mainly at the deep stations. This study suggests that in the Posidonia leaf stratum, herbivores and herbivores-deposit feeders, as consumers of epiphytic micro- and macroflora and deposited particulate organic matter, play an important role in the energy transfer from producers to higher trophic levels of the system.