Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the embedding complexity of Liouville manifolds

We define a family of symplectic invariants which obstruct exact symplectic embeddings between Liouville manifolds, using the general formalism of linearized contact homology and its L-infinity structure. As our primary application, we investigate embeddings between normal crossing divisor complements in complex projective space, giving a complete characterization in many cases. Our main embedding results are deduced explicitly from pseudoholomorphic curves, without appealing to Hamiltonian or virtual perturbations.
Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Solution Using Zeolite Synthesized from Fly Ash by Alkaline Fusion Followed by Hydrothermal Treatment

The removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by the adsorption process using zeolite synthesized from fly ash was investigated in this study. The XRD patterns revealed that the major crystalline phase of the synthesized zeolite was gismondine. The phosphate immobilization capacity (PIC) increased significantly from 52.7 mg/g of fly ash to 102.9 mg/g of synthesized zeolite after conversion. The batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of pH, initial phosphate concentration, and adsorbent amount. The maximum adsorption capacity was obtained at the pH value of 7.0. The adsorption process followed Ho' pseudo-second-order model, and both liquid film and intra-particle diffusion were the rate-controlling step for the process. The adsorption equilibrium data had been analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Radlich-Peterson, Koble-Corrigan, Tempkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Generalized models. The results showed that the Langmuir model gave the best fit. The process was also found to be endothermic. The maximum phosphate adsorption capacity obtained was 132.02 mg/g (30°C), 156.36 mg/g (40°C) and 184.17 mg/g (50°C), respectively, suggesting that the synthesized zeolite is a promising material and can be used to remove phosphate from wastewater.
Nutritional Status and Energy Intake of Adolescents in Umuahia Urban, Nigeria

The purpose of this study was to provide information on anthropometry, body composition and energy intake of adolescents South Eastern Nigeria. The participants were 190 apparently healthy adolescent boys and girls aged 15-18 years with equal sex distribution. Participants were subjected to anthropometric measurements viz: height, weight, arm circumference and skinfold thickness. Energy intake was determined from individual weighed inventory for three consecutive days including a week-end day; part of the food sample was subjected to chemical analysis. According to the results, all measurements except BMI and arm circumference had significant differences (p<0.05). Approximately 50% girls and well over 70% boys failed to meet the recommended weight and height standards. Over 20% of the adolescents were thin (BMI<18.5kg/m ). The prevalence of overweight indicated that about 4% of boys and 2% of girls were at risk 2 of becoming overweight. Similarly the prevalence of stunting was found to be 67.3% and 57.8% for boys and girls, respectively. In addition, body fat percent was significantly higher in girls (p<0.05). The mean intakes for fat, carbohydrate and energy was significantly higher in males compared to females (p<0.05). This research provides information concerning anthropometry, body composition and energy intake of adolescents, South East Nigeria. The result shows that there was under nutrition among the adolescents though the extent was higher among adolescent boys than girls, body composition of the adolescents was equally low. Also protein intake was grossly inadequate in both sexes. Therefore there is a need for improvement in the nutritional status among these adolescents.
Identifying Application Phases in Mobile Encrypted Network Traffic

Abstract—Mobile devices have overtaken personal computers for everyday tasks. These devices produce massive amounts of data which contains valuable information. Two fields in which monitoring of such mobile data is used are application identification and user action identification. They focus on the identification of a single user action or identify individual applications out of a known set. Monitoring this traffic can be useful for, among other things, fingerprinting traffic, intrusion detection and user-profiling. One limitation of previous works is that they are applicable for only a single user action or application. In this paper we generalise the concept of user actions by introducing mobile application phases. Application phases describe the state an application is in after a set of user actions have been performed. In contrast to user actions, these phases are application agnostic. This means that a method capable of classifying application phases is scalable and not limited to known applications. We formally define seven different application phases and show how to detect these in Android logs. We also present four different algorithms to detect these application phases in encrypted network traffic. We look at network traffic because it makes the method more scalable than a host-based solution and has a less privacy invasive nature. These algorithms use network data from a timeseries perspective instead of a flow perspective in order to take advantage of periods where network data is scarce. To assess the quality of these algorithms we generated two novel datasets consisting of encrypted network data of 361 Android applications. We were able to detect the installation of applications with 100% accuracy and distinguish foreground from background traffic with 93% accuracy.
Use of 1-acetoxypinoresinol to authenticate Picual olive oils

Picual olive oils may represent 25% of the world olive oil production. This monovarietal oil is highly valued from a nutritional viewpoint because of its high content of monounsaturated acid and polyphenols. This study reports a method to authenticate virgin olive oils of the Picual variety. The method was based on the very low content of the lignan 1-acetoxypinoresinol in these oils. The compound, as well as the other phenolic substances, was extracted from oil by using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), the extract was washed with hexane and nitrogen was bubbled into the solution. The identification and quantification of the lignan used HPLC to separate, followed by UV, electrochemical, fluorescence and mass spectrometry detection or gas chromatography (GC) coupled to a mass spectrometry detector. UV detection offered low sensitivity and peaks coeluting with 1-acetoxypinoresinol were also observed. Mass spectrometry detection clearly discriminated between olive oils of Picual variety and other Spanish varieties. However, lignans show a very high response to fluorescence excitation, this detector is cheaper than mass spectrometry detectors and therefore it was considered as more appropriate for industrial uses. Thus, the latter method allowed discrimination between thirty-eight Picual olive oils and eight oils of the Hojiblanca, Cornicabra, Empeltre and Arbequina varieties. The paper also demonstrated the possibility of analysing all the phenolic compounds in virgin olive oil by fluorescence. Using this technique an easy methodology to authenticate Picual olive oils was developed.
A decision support model for fertiliser recommendations for grazed pasture

Decision support software for the evaluation of phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) fertiliser strategies can assist farm consultants and their clients to determine pastoral agriculture fertiliser policies. The underlying dynamic model is based on the P and S cycles in the soil-plant-animal system, including fertiliser inputs and soil- and animalmediated losses. Initial soil fertility is estimated from the Olsen P and phosphate-extractable organic S soil tests, and recent fertiliser history. In the S sub-model organic S and elemental S pools are considered. Animal production responses to fertiliser are estimated from relationships between soil P and S status, fertiliser inputs, pasture relative yield and stocking rate. Maintenance and economically optimum fertiliser strategies can be automatically calculated or the user can enter their own scenarios. Alternative fertiliser policies can be evaluated in terms of nutrient budgets, soil P and S status, pasture and animal production, and economics. Keywords: decision support, economics, fertiliser, model, phosphorus, sulphur
Powder Rietveld refinement of armstrongite, CaZr[Si6O15]·3H2O

Crystal data and results of structure refinement using powder X-ray diffraction and Rietveld analysis for armstrongite, CaZr[Si6O15]·3H2O, are reported. Experimental data were collected using MoKα1 radiation over the range 2° - 51.98° 2θ. Armstrongite is monoclinic (space group C2, Z = 4), with a = 14.018(1) Å, b = 14.133(1) Å, c = 7.840(1) Å, β = 109.40(1)°. The crystal structure, reported by Kashaev and Sapozhnikov (1978) has been refined by Rietveld analysis, resulting in Rwp = 2.75. The structure is based on a heterogeneous octahedra-tetrahedra framework (ZrSi6O15) built by corrugated silicate sheets connected by ZrO6 octahedra. The seven-fold Ca polyhedron contains 2 H2O molecules. Two new sites for H2O molecules on the 2-fold axis in the voids of the zeolite like framework allowed to achieve the complete correspondence between chemical and structural data.
The emission spectrum and the radiative lifetime of Eu3+ in luminescent lanthanide complexes

Although luminescent complexes of lanthanide ions and organic ligands have been studied intensively, relatively little attention has been paid to the natural (or ‘radiative’) lifetime of the lanthanide centered luminescent state in these systems. Here, the applicability of the well-known Judd–Ofelt theory to the emissive properties of Eu3+ complexes is investigated. Moreover, it is demonstrated experimentally that the radiative lifetime of the 5D0 excited state of Eu3+ can be calculated directly from its corrected emission spectrum, without using Judd–Ofelt theory. We also discuss briefly the possibility of finding the natural lifetimes of lanthanide ions other than Eu3+.
Surface conductivity on hydrogen terminated diamond

Hydrogen terminated diamond exhibits surface conductivity of a p-type character. However, hydrogen termination itself is not sufficient to promote this effect and it has been shown by various authors that an aqueous layer containing adsorbates of a particular electronegativity is required to promote electron out diffusion from the surface, thus creating a population of holes in the vicinity of the surface. This paper describes detailed electrical measurements on this surface conductive layer in various environments. The stability of this transport mechanism with particular attention to device applications is discussed.
Maria Coal Pyrolysis Studied by Fourier Transform Infrared and Mössbauer Spectroscopy

Abstract Maria coal sample from Teruel, Spain, and its derivatives, the carbonized material of Maria at 600°C in an argon atmosphere, and the Maria coal ash produced at 850°C in air, have been mainly characterized by Fourier transform infrared and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The ultimate chemical and sulfur analysis, as well as the calorific values, are given. From the analysis of both chemical and Fourier transform infrared, the coal sample was identified as sub-bituminous coal with a high content of mineral matter, mainly kaolinite, which is altered during pyrolysis due to the loss of hydroxyl groups. On the other hand, the room temperature Mössbauer spectrum of the starting coal sample showed the presence of Fe2+ in pyrite and Fe3+ in jarosite. Further, the Mössbauer spectra of Maria samples (char and ash) showed, respectively, the presence of pyrrhotite (Fe0.881S) and hematite (Fe2O3). However, the chemical changes in jarosite after pyrolysis was not relevant. The structure of pyrrhotite as obtained from its average magnetic field is discussed.
Electrochemical Characterization of Flupenthixol and Rapid Determination of the Drug in Human Serum and Pharmaceuticals by Voltammetry

Abstract Flupenthixol hydrochloride (FLP) has an antipsychotic activity against depression and is irreversible oxidizable at the glassy carbon electrode in various buffer systems and at different pH values. The mechanism of the oxidation process was discussed. According to the linear relation between the peak current and FLP concentration, differential pulse and square wave voltammetric methods for its determination in pharmaceutical dosage forms and spiked human serum samples were developed. For analytical purposes, a very well resolved diffusion controlled voltammetric peak was obtained in Britton‐Robinson buffer at pH 7.02 (20% methanol) at 0.75 and 0.79 V for differential pulse and square wave voltammetric techniques, respectively. The linear response was obtained in the ranges of 8 × 10−7 to 1 × 10−4 M with a detection limit of 1.17 × 10−7 M for differential pulse and 1 × 10−6 to 1 × 10−4 M with a detection limit of 2.86 × 10−7 M for square wave voltammetric techniques. The repeatability and reproducibility of the methods for both media (supporting electrolyte and serum sample) were determined. Precision and accuracy of the developed method were used for the recovery studies. The standard addition method was used for the recovery studies. No electroactive interferences were found in biological fluids from the endogenous substances and additives present in tablets. The authors thank Lundbeck Pharm. Ind. for providing pure flupenthixol and commercial tablets for developing proposed method. This research was realized by using BAS 100W equipments, which were supplied from the grant from Ankara University Scientific Research Project Foundation (Grant No. 20030803037 and Grant No. 20030803043), Turkey.
Incorporation of Rare-Earth Complex Eu(TTA)4C5H5NC16H33 into Surface-Modified Si−MCM-41 and Its Photophysical Properties

The incorporation of the rare-earth complex [C5H5NC16H33][Eu(TTA)4] into surface-modified mesoporous molecular sieve Si−MCM-41 via reactions of the surface Si−OH with different silylation agents such as (C2H5O)3Si(CH2)2NH(CH2)2NH2 (NSED), (C2H5O)3Si(CH2)3NH2 (APTES), and (C2H5O)3Si(CH2)3CN (TSBT) and their photophysical properties were studied. The results show that the surface silylation of Si−MCM-41 provides a unique chemical environment for the incorporated [C5H5NC16H33][Eu(TTA)4] complex. Hydrogen-bonding interactions of the rare-earth complex with its surrounding silylating agents alter the photophysical properties of the rare-earth complex. The emission intensity and color purity of the excited rare-earth complex in these surface-silylated Si−MCM-41 materials increase in the order of Si−MCM-41 < TBST−Si−MCM-41 < APTES−Si−MCM-41 < NSED−Si−MCM-41. Because of the strongest hydrogen bonding in NSED−Si−MCM-41, the rare-earth complex only emits light with a single wavelength, corresponding to 5D0−7F2. Thi.
Corresponding states law and molecular dynamics simulations of the Lennard-Jones fluid

Phase diagram of a Lennard-Jones fluid at liquid-gas equilibrium is studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The problem of potential cut-off influence on the properties of the model system is investigated. For several values of the cut-off radius, the physical properties of coexisting phases and critical parameters are calculated. It is shown that the results obtained for various cut-offs scaled by the critical temperature and density coincide, which means that fluids described by different modifications of the Lennard-Jones potential are thermodynamically similar, i.e., obey a corresponding states law.
Efficient and Facile Synthesis of 2,4-Diamino-6-arylpyrimidine-5-carbonitrile Under Solvent-Free Conditions

An efficient and convenient method for the preparation of 2,4-diamino-6-arylpyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives by the one-pot reaction of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and guanidine carbonate, in the presence of sodium hydroxide under solvent-free conditions, was reported. This method has the advantages of excellent yields, mild reaction conditions, easy work up, and environmental friendliness over the existing procedures.
Use of nitrogen-15 microplots for field studies of maize nitrogen-use efficiency

Abstract Choice of minimum size of nitrogen (15N) microplots is essential in studies of maize (Zea mays L.) N uptake, translocation, assimilation, and accumulation patterns using the 15N isotopic technique. The objectives of this field experiment were to determine if: i) plants adjacent to restricted 15N microplots (0.76 m × 0.23 m × 0.25 m deep, centred on a plant) were 15N‐enriched, ii) growth of plants in microplots was hampered, and iii) the estimated fertilizer N recovery (FNR) was lower than that previously reported. There was no detectable enrichment by applied 15N in maize plants adjacent to the microplots. Root and aboveground biomass and N content of plants in the microplots were similar to plants in the main plot at harvest (P>0.1). The FNR in the aboveground plants was 29% for 200 kg N ha‐1 and 38% for 100 kg N ha‐1 treatment with 18 and 26% in the corresponding grains. These values were similar to those reported in the literature where larger non‐restricted or restricted microplots were used.
Development of Regression Equation and Correlation Between BMD and Body Composition in Middle School Girls

The purpose of this study is to measure bone mineral density and bone mineral content in middle school female adolescents to examine their relationship with physical composition and suggest estimation in order to get a more rational understanding of properties of adolescents' growth and development and provide basic scientific data necessary for exercise prescription. The study subjects were 194 students aged 13 to 15 of S middle school located in Seoul. Their body composition was estimated with InBody 4.0 and their BMD and BMC were measured with Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry(PRODIGY, GE Medical System Lunar). The results were as follows. 1) From the results of correlation analysis among the body constitution, BMD and BMC were positively correlated with all items, of which skeletal muscle mass showed the highest correlation. 2) From the results, the formulas of total BMD and BMC were estimated as follows. Total BMD ={0.364×Skeletal muscle mass(kg)} +{0.242 × Age(yr)} + {0.291 × Body mass index(kg/m)}(R= .452) Total BMC = {0.734 × Skeletal muscle mass(kg)} + {0.149 × Age(yr)} + {0.154 × Percent body fat(%)}(R2= .707)
Simple, Robust Method for Quantifying Silicon in Plant Tissue

Low silicon (Si) content in rice, sugarcane and other Si-accumulating crops can adversely affect crop performance because it creates reduced tolerance to both abiotic and biotic stresses. Assessing the Si status of a crop typically depends upon accurately measuring Si accumulation in plant tissue. Methods involving wet digestion of plant tissue followed by colorimetric determination of Si have proven attractive because they are both rapid and do not require costly, specialized instrumentation. Some popular wet-digestion methods are reported to provide highly variable and inconsistent results. A systematic study to identify and address the sources of variability associated with wet digestion for Si analysis found that modifications that reduce excessive foaming during wet digestion of plant tissue in strong alkali and peroxide significantly reduce variability. Unstable and variable color development associated with the molybdenum blue reaction is a concern in the colorimetric determination of Si in digests. Experiments showed that the inclusion of ammonium fluoride to facilitate the release of polysilicic acid prior to colorimetric determination results in reproducible readings that stabilize within 60 min and remain stable for at least 5 h. With this modification, the accuracy and precision of values obtained colorimetrically are comparable or superior to those obtained by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis. A two-phase wet-digestion procedure is described for Si tissue analysis that is robust, accurate, and precise and requires equipment commonly found in most agricultural laboratories.
Impact of PSE and DFD meat on poultry processing - a review.

In the meat processing the quality of final products greatly depends on the quality of used meat. Poultry processors are laced with problem of defective meat, i.e. PSE (pale, soft, exudative) and DFD (dark, firm, dry). The reasons contributing to PSE of poultry meat are still not fully recognised. The PSE located in breast muscles can ariginate from genetics reasons, result from preslaughter stress, post-mortem slow or inadequate chilling and accelerated rigor mortis processes. The redaction of preslaughter stress, very rapid chilling and sorting if PSE meat from normal may have some use in improving quality of products and substantial elimination of economic losses.
Ferromagnetic manganites: spin-polarized conduction versus competing interactions

Manganese oxides (R, A)MnO3 (R = La, Y, Bi or rare earth metal, A = non-trivalent doping element) have been one focus of research for two outstanding properties: (i) conduction electrons (if any) are highly spin-polarized and (ii) competing interactions of several electronic and lattice degrees of freedom lead to extremely rich phase diagrams and complex physics. A better understanding of the latter might result in future technologies using manganites in spin-electronic devices. This review attempts to systematically outline in a phenomenological approach some fundamentals and key experiments on ferromagnetic manganites, partially with respect to thin film structures. Macroscopic magnetic properties (of ferromagnets and glassy manganites) and intrinsic electron transport are described. Preparation and basic properties of thin films, followed by experiments on spin-polarized tunnelling are reviewed. Finally, multiferroic heteroepitaxial film systems of manganites and ferroelectric titanates are addressed, which are promising candidates for significant magnetoelectric phenomena at ambient temperatures.
Metal micronutrients in xylem sap of iron-deficient barley as affected by plant-borne, microbial, and synthetic metal chelators

Abstract A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of phytosiderophore (PS), deferriferrioxamine B (Desferal), and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the concentrations of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in the xylem sap of Fe-deficient barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Minorimugi) plants grown in 1/2-strength modified Hoagland-Arnon nutrientsolution. Iron-deficient plants (14 d after transfer) were treated with 25, µM metal chelators for 3 h after which the xylem sap was collected for 3 h. Treated plants were compared with Fe-sufficient and untreated Fe-deficient plants. The concentration and translocation of PS, Mn, and Zn increased, while those of Fe decreased in xylem sap of the Fe-deficient plants compared to the Fe-sufficient plants. The concentrations of PS, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in the xylem sap of the Fe-deficient plants increased by the application of PS to the nutrient solution. This fact suggested that PS solubilized the metal micronutrients in the root tissues and/or root apoplast and contributed to the loading of the nutrients to the xylem tubes, thereby leading to a higher nutrient absorption from the rhizosphere of Fe-deficient plants. On the other hand, Fe-deficient plants treated with EDTA showed a decrease in the PS, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations in the xylem sap. Application of Desferal to the nutrient solution slightly increased only the Fe concentration in the xylem sap of the Fe-deficient plants. Organic acids in the xylem sap of the Fe-deficient plants were in the order of succinate > malate > citrate based on the concentrations, and did not appear to be related to the translocation of metal micronutrients.