Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and evaluation of a monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA for the detection of antibodies against H7 avian in�uenza virus

Background: H7 subtype avian in�uenza have caused great concern in the global poultry industry and public health. The conventional serological subtype-speci�c diagnostics is implemented by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay despite lengthy operation time. In this study, an e�cient, rapid and high-throughput competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was developed for detection of antibodies against H7 avian in�uenza virus (AIV) based on a novel monoclonal antibody speci�c to the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of H7 AIV. Results: The reaction parameters including antigen coating concentration, monoclonal antibody concentration and serum dilution ratio were optimized for H7 antibody detection. The speci�city of the cELISA was tested using antisera against H1~H9, H11~H14 AIVs and other avian viruses. The selected cut-off values of inhibition rates for chicken, duck and peacock sera were 30.11%, 26.85% and 45.66% by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, respectively. With HI test as the reference method, the minimum detection limits for chicken, duck and peacock positive serum reached 2 0 , 2 1 and 2 -1 HI titer, respectively. Compared to HI test, the diagnostic accuracy reached 100%, 98.6%, and 99.3% for chicken, duck and peacock by testing a total of 400 clinical serum samples, respectively. Conclusions: In summary, the cELISA assay developed in this study provided a reliable, speci�c, sensitive and species-independent serological technique for rapid detection of H7 antibody, which was applicable for large-scale serological surveillance and vaccination e�cacy evaluation programs. A panel of standard monospeci�c antisera produced against other non-H7 AIVs, NDV, IBV, IBDV and ALV-J were used to assess the speci�city of the cELISA assay. In order to test the sensitivity of established cELISA assay to detect H7 antibodies, two-fold serial dilutions of chicken, duck and peacock hyperimmune sera against H7 subtype starting from one-quarter were subjected to the cELISA by comparison to homologous HI assay. The chicken hyperimmune sera used for sensitivity test were selected from both experimental standard sera and �eld sera samples con�rmed by HI assay; the duck and peacock hyperimmune sera were selected from �eld sera samples con�rmed by HI assay.
The role of Y 2 receptors in the regulation of 1 gastric tone in rats 2

We set out to determine the effect of peptide YY 3-36 (PYY 3-36 ) on the gastric 21 muscle tone in conscious rats by measuring intragastric pressure (IGP) during 22 intragastric nutrient drink infusion. 23 After an overnight fast, a chronically implanted gastric fistula was connected to 24 a custom-made nutrient drink infusion system and a catheter to measure IGP. 25 IGP was measured before and during the infusion of a nutrient drink (Nutridrink; 26 0.5 ml.min -1 ) until 10 ml was infused. Rats were treated with PYY 3-36 (0, 33 and 27 100 pmol.kg -1 .min -1 ) in combination with a subcutaneous injection of the Y 2 28 receptor antagonists JNJ31020028 (10 mg.kg -1 ) or BIIE0246 (2 mg.kg -1 ). 29 Experiments were also performed after subdiaphragmatic vagotomy and after 30 pre-treatment with 3 ml nutrient drink (to mimic a fed state). IGP was compared 31 as the average IGP during nutrient infusion, represented as mean±S.E. M. and 32 compared using ANOVA.
Allograft Rejection T Cell-Mediated Intestinal + Regulates CD8 Cutting Edge: Membrane Lymphotoxin

Blocking the CD28/B7 and/or CD154/CD40 costimulatory pathways promotes long-term allograft survival in many transplant models where CD4 (cid:1) T cells are necessary for rejection. When CD8 (cid:1) T cells are sufﬁcient to mediate rejection, these approaches fail, resulting in costimulation blockade-resistant rejection. To address this problem we examined the role of lymphotoxin-re-lated molecules in CD8 (cid:1) T cell-mediated rejection of murine intestinal allografts. Targeting membrane lymphotoxin by means of a fusion protein, mAb, or genetic mutation inhibited rejection of intestinal allografts by CD8 (cid:1) T cells. This effect was associated with decreased monokine induced by IFN- (cid:2) (Mig) and secondary lymphoid chemokine (SLC) gene expression within allografts and spleens respectively. Blocking membrane lymphotoxin did not inhibit rejection mediated by CD4 (cid:1) T cells. Combining disruption of membrane lymphotoxin and treatment with CTLA4-Ig inhibited rejection in wild-type mice. These data demonstrate that membrane lymphotoxin is an important regulatory molecule for CD8 (cid:1) T cells mediating rejection and suggest a strategy to avoid costimulation blockade-resistant rejection. The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 167: 4796–4800.
for --&gt; and --&gt; and measurement of the branching fraction and search for direct in

We present evidence for the b ! d penguin-dominated decays B (cid:1) ! (cid:1) K 0 K (cid:1) and B 0 ! K 0 (cid:1) K 0 in 227 (cid:2) 10 6 (cid:2) (cid:3) 4 S (cid:4) ! B (cid:1) B decays collected with the BABAR detector. We measure the branching fractions B (cid:3) B (cid:1) ! (cid:1) K 0 K (cid:1) (cid:4) (cid:5) (cid:3) 1 : 5 (cid:6) 0 : 5 (cid:6) 0 : 1 (cid:4)(cid:2) 10 (cid:7) 6 (cid:3) < 2 : 4 (cid:2) 10 (cid:7) 6 (cid:4) and B (cid:3) B 0 ! K 0 (cid:1) K 0 (cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:3) 1 : 19 (cid:1) 0 : 40 (cid:7) 0 : 35 (cid:6) 0 : 13 (cid:4)(cid:2) 10 (cid:7) 6 , where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. We also present improved measurements of the charge-averaged branching fraction B (cid:3) B (cid:1) ! K 0 (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:4) (cid:5) (cid:3) 26 : 0 (cid:6) 1 : 3 (cid:6) 1 : 0 (cid:4) (cid:2) 10 (cid:7) 6 and CP -violating charge asymmetry A CP (cid:3) K 0 (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:4) (cid:5) (cid:7) 0 : 09 (cid:6) 0 : 05 (cid:6) 0 : 01 , where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.
CHEMP: a code for calculation of high-altitude EMP. Final report, March-- December 1973

Abstract : CHEMP is a code originally designed to examine the effects of self-consistency on high-altitude fields by using a particle pushing model for the current calculation and the high-frequency approximation for calculating the fields. CHEMP has been extended to study the effects of nonforward Compton scattering, varying gamma energies, and elastic nuclear scattering. (Author)
Assessing the effects of unconventional monetary policy on pension funds risk incentives

US public pension funds deficits remain stubbornly high even though market conditions have improved in the post-crisis period. This article examines the role of lower shortand long-term interest rates imposed by the use of unconventional monetary policy on pension funds risk taking and asset allocation behavior. We quantify the effects of the Zero Lower Bound policy and the launch of unconventional monetary policy measures by using two structural Vector AutoRegression (VAR) models, a Bayesian VAR and a Markov switching-structural VAR. We provide the first comprehensive evidence showing that persistently low interest rates and falling Treasury yields cause a substantial increase in pension funds risk and portfolios beta. Additionally, we document that the severe funding shortfall in many pension schemes is, to a large extent, associated with and prompted by changes in the monetary policy framework. JEL classification: G23; E52; G11.
LIBRARY LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS OF LUNAR PROSPECTOR GAMMA RAY SPECTRA.

Gamma rays are produced in the lu-nar surface by cosmic ray interactions and by the decay of radioisotopes. The gamma ray spectrum measured from orbit contains information on the abundance of major elements, including O, Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mg, and Ca, and radioactive elements, including Th, U, and K. The Lunar Prospector mission acquired gamma ray and neutron spectra at two altitudes (30- and 100-km) over the whole moon. We have binned these spectra on equal area squares to produce data sets from which maps of elemental abundance can be determined. The Lunar Prospector gamma ray spectometer (GRS) consisted of a BGO scintillation detector with a plastic-scintillator anticoincidence shield. The pulse height resolution of the spectrometer was ~13% full-width-at-half-maximum at 662 keV. At this resolution, most spectral features included contributions from mul-tiple elements. Maps of Th have been made using the well-resolved 2.61 MeV gamma ray. [1] Maps of Fe have been made by analyzing net count rates in the region above 7.5 MeV. [2] Contributions from Al to this region were ignored, which may influence the ac-curacy of Fe abundance in regions with low Fe. Maps of Fe and Ti have been made by deconvolution of the spectrum above 5.5 MeV. [3] We have extended the deconvolution method to 700 keV, using a library least squares technique, which enables us to determine the abundance of all major- and radioactive-elements.
University of Birmingham Developing new opportunities, entrepreneurial skills and product/service creativity

The purpose of this research is to investigate how Young Enterprise (YE) student entrepreneurs develop new product/service opportunities, learn decision-making skills and achieve a sense of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. From a national survey of YE participants in the Netherlands, entrepreneurial self-efficacy was found to partially mediate relationships between new opportunity recognition belief and two key product/service creativity characteristics, namely: (a) new product/service novelty and; (b) new product/service meaningfulness. The ability of YE entrepreneurs to rescale their new venture strategies, and/or re-adapt products and services were also important real options (or strategic decision-making) moderators in a new social cognitive learning framework. This article contributes to a fresh understanding of the opportunity recognition belief and entrepreneurial decision skills literatures from a social cognitive theoretical perspective. This research also provides much needed empirical support for European YE policy-makers, demonstrating that team-based mini-enterprise education initiatives really do benefit entrepreneurial learners!
PLOS ONE Polymorphisms of an Innate Immune Gene, Toll-Like Receptor 4, and Aggressive Prostate Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Manuscript Number: PONE-D-14-21052R1 Article Type: Research Article Full Title: Polymorphisms of an Innate Immune Gene, Toll-Like Receptor 4, and Aggressive Prostate Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Short Title: TLR4 polymorphisms and aggressive prostate cancer Corresponding Author: Yen-Ching Chen, ScD Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Taipei, NA TAIWAN
The Magellanic Stream and the History of the Tidal Interaction between the LMC and SMC

Adopting observed proper motions of the MC's and cluster formation histories of the LMC as observational constraints, we found a new binary orbit for the LMC and SMC in which the geometry and kinematics of the Magellanic Stream are well reproduced. In this orbit, the LMC and SMC experienced very close encouters 0.2 and 3 Gyr ago.
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) produced by the ventral notochord and floor plate is essential for the induction of the muscle determination factors, MyoD and Myf5, and the sclerotome determination factor, Pax1, in somites of avian embryos

In vertebrate embryos, paraxial mesoderm gives rise to multiple tissues, including skeletal muscles, cartilage, bones and dermis (Christ and Ordahl, 1995). The specification of these cell types requires multiple regulatory processes that are precisely coordinated with segmentation of the paraxial mesoderm to form somites (Borycki et al., 1997; Borycki and Emerson, 2000). Regulatory genes that control segmentation are expressed periodically in the segmental plate mesoderm and at the boundary between segmental plate mesoderm and newly formed somites (Palmeirim et al., 1997; McGrew and Pourquie, 1998). When somite formation initiates, the most anterior segmental plate mesoderm undergoes a mesenchymalepithelial transition that leads to the formation of epithelial somites. In contrast to the process of segmentation, which is cell-autonomous, somite formation is controlled by unidentified extrinsic signals from the overlying surface ectoderm (Borycki et al., 1997; Sosic et al., 1997; Palmeirim et al., 1998). Following somite formation, cells in the newly formed somite acquire competence to respond to signals from surrounding tissues (Borycki et al., 1997). These signals positively and negatively control the dorso-ventral and mediolateral patterning of gene expression in the somite (Munsterberg and Lassar, 1995; Pourquie et al., 1995; Pownall et al., 1996), leading to the determination of the different somite cell lineages (Lassar and Munsterberg, 1996; Borycki and Emerson, 2000; Dietrich, 1999). Sonic hedgehog (Shh) produced by the ventral notochord and floor plate is essential for the induction of the muscle determination factors, MyoD and Myf5, and the sclerotome determination factor, Pax1, in somites of avian embryos (Johnson et al., 1994; Ebensperger et al., 1995; Munsterberg et al., 1995; Borycki et al., 1998). Additional signaling molecules, however, interact cooperatively with Shh to achieve proper activation and spatial patterning of gene expression and cell determination in somites. Wnt signals from the dorsal neural tube are required to maintain the epithelial architecture of the dermomyotome in the medial somite (Ikeya and Takada, 1998), and neural tube Wnts participate with Shh to control MyoD expression (Munsterberg et al., 1995) and to induce Noggin, which represses BMP4 signaling from the lateral plate to establish the medio-lateral somite axis (Hirsinger et al., 1997; Marcelle et al., 1997; Borycki and Emerson, 2000). Signals from the surface ectoderm are required for the survival and for the maintenance of epithelial organization of 2075 Development 127, 2075-2087 (2000) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 2000 DEV4332
ABC-transporter A1 deficiency induces macrophage foam cell formation and leukocytosis but attenuates atherosclerosis in scavenger receptor class B type I knockout mice

Objective : The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of combined deletion of ABCA1 and SR-BI, important facilitators of reverse cholesterol transport, on atherosclerosis. Methods and Results : ABCA1xSR-BI double knockout (dKO) mice and respective controls were challenged with an atherogenic diet (ATD) for 10 weeks to induce atherosclerosis. Upon challenge with ATD, dKO mice showed substantially lower cholesterol levels, mainly due to the absence of HDL. The levels of non-HDL cholesterol in dKO mice were similar to WT mice, higher than ABCA1 KO mice, but much lower than SR-BI KO mice. However, dKO mice accumulated more extreme foam cells in the peritoneal cavity. Also, combined deletion of ABCA1 and SR-BI led to enhanced Ly6C high monocytosis in the circulation. Strikingly, despite more susceptible to atherosclerosis than WT animals, dKO mice, similar to ABCA1 KO mice, developed smaller lesions than SR-BI KO mice. This was associated with reduced recruitment of monocytes, probably due to lower levels of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 in the arterial wall and the monocyte chemoattractant MCP-1 in plasma. Conclusion: ABCA1 and SR-BI are essential for prevention of macrophage foam cell formation and leukocytosis. ABCA1 deficiency, however, attenuates atherosclerosis in SR-BI KO mice, probably lowering the circulating levels of atherogenic lipoproteins the
Results Fluorescent Staining of Fixed and Permeabilized Mononuclear Cell

The term IL-1 has been used to describe a family of monocyte derived polypeptides that have immunomodulatory and proinflammatory biological properties (1, 2). While most studies have focused on IL-1 activity that is found in monocyte/macrophage culture supernatants, early studies showed that high amounts of activity could also be recovered from cell lysates. These studies suggested that IL-1 may accumulate within mononuclear phagocytes in a precursor form before release into the surrounding medium (3-5). Recently it has been shown that there are at least two distinct human IL-1 molecules termed ILla and IL-13. Separate mRNAs for these IL-1 species each code for a precursor of ~31 kD, which is subsequently processed by still undefined mechanisms to a "mature" molecule of ~17.5 kD (6). The absence of a typical hydrophobic leader sequence in either of the IL-1 molecules identified to date suggests that they may not be typical secretory proteins. A 33-kD precursor for murine IL-1, which is ~62% homologous to human ILla (6), has been documented at the protein level in cell lysates of peritoneal macrophages, as well as in lysates of the murine macrophage line P388D~ (7). Comparable studies have not yet been reported for human monocytes and macrophages. The successful development of highly specific heterologous antisera (8) for the species of human IL-1 having a pI of 6.8 (IL-18) (6, 9) has allowed us to identify its precursor in the cytoplasm of activated human monocytes. In the present report, the intracellular accumulation of IL-1 is documented using indirect immunofluorescence performed on fixed and permeabilized cells, and immunoblot analysis of cell lysates. These studies show that it is possible to identify IL-1producing cells at the light microscopic level and suggest that anti-IL-1 antibodies may be useful for the in situ localization of IL-1 production in inflammed tissue.
Targeting ErbB-2/Her-2+ Breast Cancer with HSP90 Inhibitors

ErbB-2/Her-2 positive breast cancer constitutes 20-30% of invasive breast cancer and is associated with poor prognosis and survival. The inability of anti-Her-2 drugs to improve the overall response rate and reoccurrence in Her-2 positive breast cancer patients presents a major challenge to clinical oncology. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitors have shown great potential in overcoming the side effects and resistance associated with current anti-Her- 2-therapies. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the therapies against Her-2 positive breast cancer and the various HSP90 inhibitors currently under investigation as a potential therapeutic for targeting Her-2-mediated breast cancer. PFS: Progression Free Survival; PR: Partial Response; PI3K- Phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase; PK: Pharmacokinetic; PR: Progesterone Receptor; RR: Response Rate; RTK: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase; SCLC: Small Cell Lung Cancer; T-DM1: Trastuzumab Emtansine; TNBC: Triple Negative Breast Cancer; VEGFR: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor
University of Birmingham Eu 3+ Sequestration by Biogenic Nano-Hydroxyapatite Synthesized at Neutral and Alkaline pH

Biogenic hydroxyapatite (bio-HA) has the potential for radionuclide capture and remediation of metal- contaminated environments. Biosynthesis of bio-HA was achieved via the phosphatase activity of a Serratia sp . supplemented with various concentrations of CaCl 2 and glycerol 2-phosphate (G2P) provided at pH 7.0 or 8.6. Presence of hydroxyapatite (HA) was con ﬁ rmed in the samples by X-ray powder diffraction analysis. When provided with limiting (1 mM) G2P and excess (5 mM) Ca 2 C at pH 8.6, monohydrocalcite was found. This, and bio-HA with less (1 mM) Ca 2 C accumulated Eu(III) to » 31% and 20% of the biomineral mass, respectively, as compared to 50% of the mineral mass accumulated by commercial HA. Optimally, with bio-HA made at initial pH 7.0 from 2 mM Ca 2 C and 5 mM G2P, Eu(III) accumulated to » 74% of the weight of bio-HA, which was equal to the mass of the HA mineral component of the biomaterial. The implications with respect to potential bio-HA-barrier development in situ or as a remediation strategy are discussed.
Health literacy of inland population in the mitigation phase 3.2. of COVID-19's pandemic in Portugal - a descriptive cohort study

Background: COVID-19 is a respiratory disease transmitted through respiratory droplets with a high transmission rate. There's still no effective and approved antiretroviral treatment or vaccine, thus, preventive measures are the main key to contain this pandemic. Portugal is now in phase 3.2 of the mitigation of COVID-19, being imperative to understand the health literacy of our country and how to prevent the lack of information, through community empowerment. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study with a cohort from a primary care facility was conducted. We collected demographic and epidemiological data and carried out a questionnaire by phone call. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests were used to assess associations between the independent variables and the level of health literacy. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Our cohort includes 222 subjects (median age: 62 years old), mostly females (131), undergraduate (193) and with at least one risk factor for COVID-19 (144). Globally, younger individuals, females, graduates and the Non-Risk Group appear to have higher levels of health literacy, with some exceptions to this pattern. Conclusions: We observe a well-informed population. However, being a pandemic situation, we intend to identify and correct outliers/misconceptions. This work allows a perspective of the current state/pattern of health literacy as well as its possible predictors. Furthermore, this study makes aware of how relevant the specific communication approaches are. Further studies to understand the predictors of health literacy are necessary. Key-Words: COVID-19, pandemic, SARS-CoV2, Portugal, Health literacy.
Study on the status of bovine tick infestation, in Guba-koricha District in West Hararghe zone, east - Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2010 to April 2011 to determining the prevalence of tick infestation, to identify the common tick species in cattle andto assess the major risk factors associated with the occurrence of tick species in Gubakorichadistrict WestHararghe zone of Oromia regional state, southeast Ethiopia.Ticks were collected by searching and half body of animals using forceps on different regions of the animals’ body. A total sample of 384 cattle, 234 were found to be infested by one or more tick species an overall prevalence of 60.9%. The most predominant isolated ticks species in this study were R.pullchelus with isolation rate of 49.4% followed A. Varigatum with isolation rate of 30.3%, H. marginatumrufipes, the third predominant with isolation rate 11.8%. However, A. gemma, H. trucatum and R. Evertsi-evertsi was the least isolate which accounts for 3.6%, 2.4% and 2.35% respectively.Age, sex and body conditions scoring were found to be important risk factors associated with tick infestation. The prevalence of tickinfestation between age and sex was statistically significant (X 2 =32.3075, CI=0.1323358-0265075, P=0.000 andX 2 =5.117, CI=0.1953184-0.0061713, P=0.037) respectively. However, breed and body condition were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Hereof, Ticks are obligate, blood feeding ecto-parasites that cause severe damage to the hides and skins of domestic cattle due to this reduce the foreign exchange of the country; and also transmit tick borne diseases. Therefore, effective tick control programs should be formulated and implemented at national or regional level.