Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Spatial Capture–Recapture to Elucidate Population Processes and Space-Use in Herpetological Studies

Abstract The cryptic behavior and ecology of herpetofauna make estimating the impacts of environmental change on demography difficult; yet, the ability to measure demographic relationships is essential for elucidating mechanisms leading to the population declines reported for herpetofauna worldwide. Recently developed spatial capture–recapture (SCR) methods are well suited to standard herpetofauna monitoring approaches. Individually identifying animals and their locations allows accurate estimates of population densities and survival. Spatial capture–recapture methods also allow estimation of parameters describing space-use and movement, which generally are expensive or difficult to obtain using other methods. In this paper, we discuss the basic components of SCR models, the available software for conducting analyses, and the experimental designs based on common herpetological survey methods. We then apply SCR models to Red-backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus), to determine differences in density, survival, dispersal, and space-use between adult male and female salamanders. By highlighting the capabilities of SCR, and its advantages compared to traditional methods, we hope to give herpetologists the resource they need to apply SCR in their own systems.
Levantamento de morcegos (Chiroptera, Mammalia) do Parque Municipal do Cinturão verde de Cianorte, Paraná, Brasil

The present study aimed to perform a survey of bat species occurring in Cinturao Verde Cianorte Park, in the Brazilian state of Parana. A forest fragment with an area of 312 ha, which represents the last remnant of a Submountane Seasonal Semi- Deciduous Forest, influenced by Cerrado, biome was sampled during eight months. 438 bats of 12 species (23% of Parana’s total bat diversity), 10 genera and three families were captured. The small number of species found may be explained by the status of this area, which is very degraded contributing to disappearance of more sensitive bat species. Furthermore, due to the spatial arrangement of the park as a narrow horseshoe divided into smaller fragments, the edge effect is very strong and reduces the forest area. We suggest that conservation strategies should be implemented, in order to protect species still living there.
Yeast flora of raw milk in El-Minia city, Egypt

A El-Minia, en Haute-Egypte, 126 souches de levures ont ete isolees de lait frais, vendu par les commercants de la ville. Sur la base des caracteristiques morphologiques et physiologiques, 24 especes, reparties dans 13 genres, ont ete repertoriees. Les plus repandues sont: Debaryomyces hansenii et Clavispora lusitaniae, suivies de Trichosporon beigelii et Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. On denombre egalement Kluyveromyces marxianus qui fermente le lactose. Il convient d'indiquer que la presence d'especes nuisibles comme Trichosporon beigelii et Rhodotorula mucilaginosa represente un probleme pour l'hygiene publique et necessite la purification du lait avant sa consommation
La lignée Dipetalonema. Nouvel essai de classification

En confrontant l’evolution morphologique avec le spectre d’hotes et la repartition geographique, nous sommes amenes a supposer que les Dipetalonema sensu largo correspondent a une lignee gondwanienne, qui aurait evolue apres la separation des trois grands continents austraux.Nous proposons les coupures systematiques suivantes :—Sprattia n. gen., espece type S. venacavincola, parasites de Marsupiaux australiens, qui seraient apparentes au groupe Litomosa ; —Breinlia Yorke et Maplestone, 1926, et Breinlia (Johnstonema) (Yeh, 1957), parasites de Marsupiaux australiens ;—Skrjabinofilaria Travassos, 1925, parasites de Marsupiaux americains ;—Macdonaldius Khanna, 1933, parasites de Reptiles americains ;—Dipetalonema (Orihelia) n. sub. gen., espece type D. (O.) anticlava, parasites de Dasypodides ;—Dipetalonema (Acanthocheilonema) (Cobbold, 1870), parasites d’Insectivores, de Carnivores, de Pinnipedes, plus rarement de Rongeurs ;—Dipetalonema (Molinema) (Freitas et Lent, 1939), parasites de Rongeurs caviomorphes et de castors ;—Dipetalonema (Loxodontofilaria) (Berghe et Gillain, 1939), parasites d’Ungules ethiopiens ;—Dipetalonema (Chenofilaria) (Kou, 1958), parasites de Pholidotes asiatiques et de Marsupiaux australiens ;—Dipetalonema (Dipetalonema) (Diesing, 1861), parasites de Primates americains ;—Monanema Anteson, 1968, parasites de Rongeurs non caviomorphes ;—Ackertia (Vaz, 1934), parasites de Rongeurs caviomorphes ;—Tetrapetalonema (Sandnema) n. sub. gen., espece type T. (S.) digitata, parasites d’Insectivores et de Primates asiatiques ;—Tetrapetalonema (Tetrapetalonema) (Faust, 1935), parasites de Tupaidae, de Platyrhiniens et, plus rarement, de Rongeurs et Carnivores americains ;—Tetrapetalonema (Esslingeria) n. sub. gen., espece type T. (E.) perstans, parasites d’Anthropoides africains et de l’Homme ;—Filarissima (Chabaud, 1974), parasites de Caviomorphes.
Cytological studies on cancer. V. Heteroplastic transplantations of the Yoshida sarcoma, with special regard to the behaviour of tumor cells.

Experiments of heteroplastic transplantations in tumors have long attracted attention in the field of cancer pathology and a considerable number of reports have been produced along this line in both mammals and birds (Seiffert, 1925, Woglom, 1929, Ligneris, 1932, Andrewes, 1932, Oshima, 1938, Okamura & Namiki, 1938, Nagayo, 1941, Yoshida, Wakahara & Osada, 1948, Shimanouchi & Suwa, 1948, Makino, 1949 and Tatstumi, Nagatomo & Shibano, 1949). It has been shown that the Yoshida sarcoma here concerned is an ascites tumor specific to white rats (Rattus norvegicus), characterized by tumor cells which show a remarkable host-specificity in their malignant development. Studies of the heteroplastic transplantations of the Yoshida sarcoma have been undertaken by Yoshida et al. (1948), and Shimanouchi & Suwa (1948) into mice, Makino, Y. (1949) into guinea-pigs, Tatsumi et al. (1949) into rabbits and mice. These studies have been worked out with animals taxonomically related to white rats, mainly with the purpose to ascertain heterologous transplantability of tumors. In the present study, the author aimed to observe the behavior of tumor cells of the Yoshida sarcoma in heteroplastic transplantations concerning the following animals; Rattus rattus, Mus Musculus, Apodemus geisha, Clethrionomys bedfordiae, Cavia cabaya, Eutamias asiaticus lineatus, Lupus cuniculus domesticus, Felis domestica and Gallus gallus domesticus. It is the author's pleasant duty to express his gratitude to Professor Sajiro Makino, under whose suggestion and guidance the work has been carried out, for his keen interest and for his improvement of this manuscript.
The Effect of pH on the Action of Respiratory Inhibitors in Avena fatua Seeds

Etude des effets du pH sur l'action de l'azide de sodium et de l'acide salicylhydroxamique, respectivement inhibiteurs de la cytochrome oxydase et de l'oxydase alternative, vis-a-vis de la respiration de graines dormantes d'avoine sauvage
Deep-water observation of scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini in the western Indian Ocean off Tanzania

A scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini was observed opportunistically from a remotely operated vehicle 1 m off the seabed at 1042 m depth, during hydrocarbon exploration activities in the Ruvuma Basin off Tanzania. The observation, which occurred during night hours, is the deepest accurately recorded for this species and the first deep-water record for the Indian Ocean. The record adds support for the occurrence in deep water during night hours being a widespread and possibly common behaviour in this species, and further expands a small but growing literature that meso- and bathypelagic environments may be of greater importance to elasmobranchs previously considered to be primarily epipelagic.
Genotyping of the polymorphism within exon 3 of prolactin gene in various dairy breeds by PCR RFLP (Brief report)

Abstract. In mammals, especially dairy cattle the prolactin has important functions like the development of mammary gland affecting milk yield and composition. It has been mapped to chromosome 23 in Bovine (HALLERMAN et al., 1988). A silent A→G transition mutation at the codon for amino acid 103 in exon 3 of bovine prolactin (bPRL) gene gives rise to a polymorphic Rsa I site, has become a popular genetic marker used for genetic characterization of cattle populations by means of PCR-RFLP (MITRA et al., 1995; CHRENEK et al., 1998; DYBUS, 2005). The present study reports on the genotype frequencies observed in various Bos taurus and Bos indicus dairy cattle breeds.
(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)

Cognitive Vitality Reports® are reports written by neuroscientists at the Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation (ADDF). These scientific reports include analysis of drugs, drugs-indevelopment, drug targets, supplements, nutraceuticals, food/drink, non-pharmacologic interventions, and risk factors. Neuroscientists evaluate the potential benefit (or harm) for brain health, as well as for age-related health concerns that can affect brain health (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes/metabolic syndrome). In addition, these reports include evaluation of safety data, from clinical trials if available, and from preclinical models.
Groundcover Management and Nutrient Source Effects on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Sequestration in an Organically Managed Apple Orchard in the Ozark Highlands

Orchards established on weathered, acidic mineral soils in the Ozark Highlands must be managed to meet tree nutritional requirements. However, a common characteristic of Ozark Highland soils is a relatively low soil organic matter (SOM) concentration, a condition that can have detrimental effects on orchard productivity. Organic orchard management poses speciﬁc challenges to managing competitive under-tree vegetation and supplying appropriate supplemental nutrition to maintain tree growth and cropping. In Mar. 2006, an experimental apple orchard was established to evaluate the effects of under tree, in-row groundcover management system (i.e., shredded paper, wood chips, municipal green compost, and mow-blow), and nutrient source (i.e., non-fertilized control, composted poultry litter, and pelletized organic commercial fertilizer) on SOM, carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) concentration, and soil C and N sequestration over time in an organically managed orchard in the Ozark Highlands region of northwest Arkansas. Soil organic matter, total C, and total N concentrations (soil weight basis) and contents (area basis) in the top 7.5 cm increased in all groundcover management systems from 2006 to 2011. The greatest differences were observed with municipal green compost treatments. Signiﬁcant interactions between
Geographic variation in the vocalizations of Australian palm cockatoos (Probosciger aterrimus)*

Abstract Vocal dialects have been well studied in songbirds, but there have been fewer examples from parrots. The Australian population of palm cockatoos (Probosciger aterrimus aterrimus) from Cape York Peninsula in far north Queensland has an unusually large vocal repertoire for a parrot. Most calls are made during their unique display ritual, which also includes a variety of postures, gestures and the use of a manufactured sound tool. Here, we quantify the geographic structural variation of contact calls within and between six major populations of palm cockatoos in Australia, as well as the extent to which frequently given call types are shared. We found that palm cockatoos from the east coast (Iron Range National Park) possess unique contact calls and have fewer call types in common with other locations. This may have resulted from their long-term isolation in rainforest habitat refugia. Such variety in vocal traits presents a rare opportunity to investigate the evolutionary forces creating behavioural diversity in wild parrots. This is also a step towards assessing links between behavioural variation and population connectivity, which is important information for determining the conservation status of palm cockatoos.
Expression of Human Complement Receptor 2 (CR2, CD21) in Cr2−/− Mice Restores Humoral Immune Function1

Complement receptor type 2 (CR2, CD21) is expressed by both human and murine B cells and has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in the humoral immune response. We have reconstituted Cr2−/− mice with an 80-kb human genomic fragment (designated P1-5) containing the full-length human CR2 (hCR2) gene. Transfection of P1-5 into the mouse A20 B cell line confirmed that it would direct expression of the hCR2 protein in mouse B cells. Immunoprecipitation analysis in these cells revealed that hCR2 coassociates with mouse CD19. After creation of transgenic mice using P1-5, we found significant expression of hCR2 on peripheral blood and splenic B cells by flow cytometric analysis. RT-PCR analysis of tissues and purified cell populations from transgene-positive mice revealed that hCR2 expression was restricted to B cells and the spleen in a pattern that matches mouse CR2. To rigorously assess the functional capabilities of hCR2, the transgene was bred onto Cr2−/− mice, which have a notable defect in response to SRBC Ag. We found that Cr2−/− mice expressing hCR2 had a substantial restoration of the humoral immune response to SRBC as compared with nontransgenic Cr2−/− littermate controls. Overall, this study suggests that hCR2 is able to substitute for mouse CR2 in the murine immune system. Therefore, hCR2-transgenic mice offer a valuable model system to further examine immunologic roles as well as structure-function relationships important for hCR2 function in primary cells in vivo.
Athletic anurans: the impact of morphology, ecology and evolution on climbing ability in invasive cane toads

Although primarily terrestrial, cane toads (Rhinella marina) sometimes climb near-vertical surfaces (tree-trunks, cliffs, fences) during foraging or dispersal activities. We scored climbing ability (in laboratory trials) of 288 cane toads from four regions in Australia, plus two sites on the island of Hawai'i. We found strong divergence in climbing ability associated not only with sex and relative limb length, but also population of origin. Within each population, longer-limbed individuals (and hence, males rather than females) were better climbers, although the geographical divergence in climbing ability remained significant even when sex and limb length were included in multivariate regression models. The geographical difference in climbing ability (but not morphology) disappeared when the progeny were raised in captivity under identical conditions, without climbing opportunities. Although influenced by morphology, climbing ability in wild-caught cane toads appears to be driven primarily by local environmental conditions that facilitate and/or reward arboreal activity.
Feeding habits of fourteen european freshwater fish species

Cet article represente une synthese bibliographique du regime alimentaire de 14 especes de poissons d'eau douce europeens: Anguilla anguilla L. , Salmo trutta L. , Rutilus rutilus L. , Leuciscus leuciscus L. , Leuciscus cephalus L. , Phoxinus phoxinus L. , Gobio gobio L. , Abramis brama L. , Cyprinus carpio L. , Tinca tinca L. , Barbatula barbatula L. , Gasterosteus aculeatus L. , Perca fluviatilis L. , et Cottus gobio L. Les donnees analysees ont ete extraites de 98 etudes realisees dans 16 pays. La Grande Bretagne, avec 40 etudes, reste le pays le plus documente en matiere de regime et de comportement alimentaire des poissons d'eau douce. Afin de repertorier le maximum d'information sur chacune des especes, toutes les methodes d'analyse des contenus stomacaux ont ete prises en compte. Les resultats sont presentes sous forme de tableaux synthetiques et un resume est effectue pour chacune des especes analysees. Les quatorze especes ont ete classees ulterieurement en guildes trophiques
Post-settlement ontogeny in three mediterranean reef fish species of the genus Diplodus

Ontogenetic changes in morphology and habitat use were studied for three species of the genus Diplodus (Pisces: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean Sea. From the settlement of larvae into the benthic environment to the recruitment of juveniles into adult habitats, two ecomorphological stages were determined. The first stage (transition juvenile) corresponds to fish from about 6.6 mm (settlement) to 22.5 mm SL (21.0-23.5 mm depending on species). During this period, fish acquire early morphological adaptations to the benthic habitat, become pigmented and are restricted to specific settlement habitats in the nursery zone. The second stage (post-transition juvenile) corresponds to fish from about 22.5 mm to an average 43.7 mm SL (39.5-48.5 mm depending on species ). During this period, fish complete their morphological adaptation to benthic life and colonize the whole nursery zone. Fish longer than about 43.7 mm become immature adults as they possess all the characteristics of adults except sexual maturity, and start leaving the nursery zone to colonize adult habitats. This phase corresponds to the recruitment of juvenile fishes. Finally, we developed a complete life-history model for Diplodus, analysed the extent to which our model can be extended to other demersal species and recommend the limits in size of each life stage be precisely defined for every study of post-settlement processes.
Correlation Between Amounts of 2-Heptanone and Iso-Amyl Acetate in Honeybees and their Aggressive Behaviour

SummaryIn honeybee workers derived from Italian and African stock, high concentrations of 2-heptanone in the mandibular glands were found to be positively correlated with several manifestations of aggressive behaviour at the hive entrance. Amounts of iso-amyl acetate from the sting apparatus were also assayed, but correlations with behavioural characters were not significant.
First survey of the Passalidae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) species from Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu (REGUA), Cachoeiras de Macacu, RJ, Brazil

We present the details of a survey with species of passalid conducted in the Reserva Ecologica de Guapiacu (Cachoeiras de Macacu, Rio de Janeiro State) together with illustrations for each species and an identification key. The study includes material collected between May 2010 and October 2013. We identified 11 species in three genera and two tribes (Passalini and Proculini). Passalini comprised two genera, Passalus with six species, and Spasalus with one species, representing 71.42% of all the species encountered. Proculini was represented by only one genus Veturius , with four species, representing 28.57% of the species surveyed. Nine species were recorded for the first time from Cachoeiras de Macacu municipality.
A Neurophysiological Examination Of Stress Control And Arousal In Martial Artists

ii DEDICATION iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v LIST OF FIGURES ix INTRODUCTION 1 Martial arts, Aggression, and Stress 1 Measuring Stress, Aggression, and Physical Fitness 3 The Physiological Basis of the Stress Response 5 Hypotheses 11 METHODS 13 Materials 13 Participants 14 Pre-test Preparation 15 The First Stressor Test 16 The Second Stressor Test 17 Exposure to the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) 18 Statistical Analysis 18 TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT.)
Genetic control of development in the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus by microRNAs

The parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus has a major impact on the welfare and economic sustainability of small ruminant farming throughout the world. Increasing drug resistance requires the development of novel therapeutic agents. To further this process, we examined the fundamental biology of development in H. contortus, specifically, the potential role of microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are short, non-coding RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression. In the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, miRNAs regulate a variety of genes including those involved in development. This thesis describes the expression patterns, potential targets and possible functions of miRNAs in H. contortus throughout development.
Anthropogenic litter is abundant, diverse, and mobile in urban rivers: Insights from cross‐ecosystem analyses using ecosystem and community ecology tools

Anthropogenic litter (AL; trash) in the environment is increasing and persistent. Rivers are considered a major source of AL to oceans, but AL ecology within rivers is rarely examined. Also, the rapidly developing field of AL research will benefit from fundamental approaches in community and ecosystem ecology. We adapted methods for communities of organisms and movement of organic matter to measure density, mass, assemblages, sources, and flux of AL in riparian and benthic zones at 15 sites in five rivers. We compared riverine AL density, mass, and assemblages to marine habitats worldwide. Benthic zones had greater AL mass and a different assemblage than riparian zones. Reach‐scale metrics of human activity (e.g., parking spaces) explained more variation in AL assemblages than total urban land use. AL export was driven by material type and hydrology, and turnover time was ≤ 1 yr. Riparian AL density was similar to beaches, but benthic AL density was higher than marine benthic habitats. Finally, AL assemblages in river benthic and riparian zones were similar to assemblages at beaches rather than marine benthic habitats. AL is abundant and mobile in rivers, which show dynamic periods of AL retention and export. Rivers are likely sites of AL breakdown and burial, with significant biotic interactions which have not yet been studied. Comprehensive assessments of AL across ecosystems require continued adaptation of fundamental ecosystem and community ecology tools. Results will integrate riverine AL dynamics with the growing field of marine AL ecology, and inform management of global AL accumulations.
Genetic typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains by spoligotyping and genome fingerprinting techniques

: A total of 122 M. tuberculosis clinical drug-resistant strains isolated in Central Russia were studied by spoligotyping and genome fingerprinting techniques. According to spoligotyping results 77% of M. tuberculosis strains were distributed to 13 oligotypes, while 23% of these strains were found to form unique patterns. Most of them belonged to the families Beijing and Haarlem (43.4% and 13.9% respectively). The patterns of the strains of oligotype 12 (7F-7F-7E-0E-78-3E) were identical to those of the strains isolated in Brazil, France and the Netherlands. The strains of the spoligotype 22 (7F-1E-7F-7F-07-3E) had the patterns identical to those of the strains of group S13, also isolated in Brazil. According to genome fingerprinting 31.4% of the strains were found to belong to clusters with the similarity coefficient equal to 1. The strains belonging to genotypes W and A1 were found to prevail in the analyzed group.