Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
I. Regular and chaotic motions in a wave tank, II, interactions between a free surface and a shed vortex sheet

Wave and vortex motions generated simultaneously by different excitation mechanisms interact with each other resulting in distinct and intricate features of nonlinear dynamics. In this thesis, we examine two important examples of these interactions: an asymptotic study of resonant interactions between directly and parametrically forced waves thus expounding a route to deterministic chaos; and a numerical study of the interactions between a free surface and a vortex sheet shed in the wake of a body thus quantifying the critical role of the Froude number. I. Regular and chaotic motions in a wave tank We consider the resonant excitation of surface waves inside a rectangular wave tank of arbitrary water depth with a flap-type wavemaker on one side. Depending on the length and width of the tank relative to the sinusoidal forcing frequency of the wave paddle, three classes of resonant mechanisms can be identified. The first two are the well-known synchronous, resonantly forced longitudinal standing waves, and the subharmonic, parametrically excited transverse (cross) waves. The third class is new and involves the simultaneous resonance of the longitudinal and cross waves and their internal interactions. In this case, temporal chaotic motions are found for a broad range of parameter values and initial conditions. These are studied by local bifurcation and stability analyses, direct numerical simulations, estimations of the Lyapunov exponents and power spectra, and examination of Poincare surfaces. To obtain a global criterion for widespread chaos, the method of resonance overlap is adopted and found to be remarkably effective. II. Interactions between a free surface and a shed vortex sheet The nonlinear interactions between a free surface and a shed vortex shear layer in the inviscid wake of a surface-piercing plate is studied numerically using a mixedEulerian-Lagrangian method. For a plate with submergence d at rest abruptly attaining a constant horizontal velocity U, the problem is governed by a single parameter, the Froude number F, = U//Vgd. Depending on F. , three classes of interaction dynamics (subcritical, transcritical and supercritical) are identified. For subcritical F (<0.7), the free surfaces plunge on both forward and lee sides of the plate before significant interactions with the vortex sheet occur. For transcritical and supercritical F. , interactions between the free surface and the starting vortex result in a stretching of the vortex sheet which eventually rolls up into doublebranched spirals as a result of Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities. In the transcritical range (F ~ 0.7 1.0), the effect of the free surface on the double-branched spirals remains, weak, while for supercritical F (>1.0), strong interactions lead to entrainment of the double-branched spiral into the free surface resulting in large surface features. Thesis Supervisor: Dick K.P. Yue Title: Associate Professor of Ocean Engineering
Design Method for Improving Motor Efficiency of Switched Reluctance Motor

The motor efficiencies of switched reluctance motors (SRMs) are inferior to those of permanent magnet synchronous motors. This paper describes a design procedure for an SRM to obtain a higher motor efficiency. The first step in the design procedure makes clear the principle for improving the motor efficiency. The cross‐sectional and axial shapes of the rotor and stator cores are designed by magnetic field analysis with the two‐dimensional (2D) and 3D finite element method. A high‐efficiency SRM with 12 stator poles and eight rotor poles is designed. The designed SRM was produced experimentally, and was tested to verify its performance. The motor efficiency was improved in comparison to the standard SRM with six stator poles and four rotor poles.
A Limit to Outsourcing Complexity: Coordination vs. Cooperation in the Airbus A350 Program

Designing complex product systems across firms poses significant organizational challenges. While much research has focused on how interdependencies between system components can hamper the integration of collective efforts, the fact that complex systems consist of multiple hierarchic levels has received less attention. A basic decision that firms face, however, is how much complexity to outsource. The hierarchic nature of complex systems can guide this decision – which system levels to design in-house, and which to contract out? In this paper, we use an in-depth study of the aircraft manufacturer Airbus’ A350 program to understand the organizational consequences of this decision. We find that allocating higher-level design tasks to suppliers entails a tradeoff: on the one hand, it shifts the locus of dealing with complexity and reduces the outsourcing firm’s “coordination load” – its share in ensuring the alignment of actions; on the other hand, it can deteriorate cooperation within the supplier network and thus increase the firm’s “cooperation load” – its burden of aligning interests. Outsourcing higher-level design tasks, we argue, can backfire by creating conditions that are toxic to dealing effectively with complexity: (a) the supply network becomes more stratified, requiring competitors to cooperate while changing bargaining positions in adverse ways; (b) suppliers have to absorb the uncertainty of unstable design requirements, which reinforces the negative implications of (a). If organizing effectively implies reconciling specialization with coordination and cooperation, this tradeoff may impose a limit to the interfirm collaboration in complex systems design.
Design and wind tunnel experimental validation of a controlled new rotary actuation system for a morphing wing application

The paper presents the design and the experimental validation of a position controller for a morphing wing application. The actuation mechanism uses two DC motors to rotate two eccentric shafts which morph a flexible skin along two parallel actuation lines. In this way, the developed controller aim is to control the shape of a wing airfoil under different flow conditions. In order to control the actuators positions, a proportional–derivative control algorithm is used. The morphing wing system description, its actuation system structure, the control design, and its validation are highlighted in this paper. The results, obtained both by numerical simulation and experimental validation, are obtained following the control design and its validation. An analysis of the wind flow characteristics is included as a supplementary validation; the pressure coefficients obtained through numerical simulation for several desired airfoil shapes are compared with those obtained through measurements for the experimentally obtained airfoil shapes under different flow conditions.
The prevalence, characteristics, and psychiatric correlates of traumatic brain injury in incarcerated individuals: an examination in two independent samples

ABSTRACT Primary Objective Identify the prevalence, characteristics, and psychological correlates of traumatic brain injury (TBI) among incarcerated individuals. Research Design Three aims: (1) Determine the prevalence and characteristics of TBI in 1469 adults incarcerated in Wisconsin state prisons (1064 men, 405 women); (2) Characterize the relationship between mild TBI and mental illness in a sub-sample of men and women; (3) Reproduce the findings from Aim 1 and Aim 2 in an independent sample of 1015 adults incarcerated in New Mexico state prisons (600 men, 415 women). Methods and Procedures Standardized TBI assessment with structured clinical interviews and self-report questionnaires. Main Outcomes and Results Rates of TBI were approximately five times greater than the general population, with a substantially higher rate of TBI caused by assault. In the Wisconsin sample, mild TBI was associated with greater levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among women (but not among men). In the New Mexico sample, TBI of any severity was associated with greater levels of major depressive disorder (MDD) among women (but not among men). Conclusions This study thus provides novel data on TBI and its correlates among individuals incarcerated in state prisons, and highlights a specific treatment need within the prison population.
Modeling the role of phase boundaries on the pullout response of shape memory wire reinforced composites

Abstract Shape memory alloy (SMA) wire-reinforced composites are being widely adopted in several applications. The interactions of the SMA wires with the matrix are quite complex due to heterogeneous strain distributions arising from phase transformations in SMA wires. There have been few studies of the role of the phase boundaries and their effect on debonding of the SMA wire. In this work, a discrete particle approach is used to model the effect of microstructure on the debonding of SMA composites. The force versus displacement response is studied under pullout loading conditions and the microstructure is found to have a strong effect.
Comparison of chemical profiles, antioxidation, inhibition of skin extracellular matrix degradation, and anti-tyrosinase activity between mycelium and fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris and Isaria tenuipes

Abstract Context Cordyceps militaris and Isaria tenuipes (Cordycipitaceae) are high-value fungi that are used for health-promoting food supplements. Since laboratory cultivation has begun for these fungi, increased output has been achieved. Objective This study compared the chemical profiles, antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and skin extracellular matrix degradation inhibition between mycelium and fruiting body of C. militaris and I. tenuipes. Materials and methods The antioxidative potential of 10% v/v aqueous infused extract from each fungus was separately investigated using 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant ability, and ferric thiocyanate methods. The inhibition against MMP-1, elastase, and hyaluronidase were determined to reveal their anti-wrinkle potential. Anti-tyrosinase activities were determined. Results C. militaris and I. tenuipes extracts were found to contain a wide range of bioactive compounds, including phenolics, flavonoids, and adenosine. A correlation was discovered between the chemical compositions and their biological activities. The extract from I. tenuipes fruiting body (IF) was highlighted as an extraordinary elastase inhibitor (IC50 = 0.006 ± 0.004 mg/mL), hyaluronidase inhibitor (IC50: 30.3 ± 3.2 mg/mL), and antioxidant via radical scavenging (ABTS IC50: 0.22 ± 0.02 mg/mL; DPPH IC50: 0.05 ± 0.02 mg/mL), thereby reducing ability (EC1: 95.3 ± 4.8 mM FeSO4/g extract) and lipid peroxidation prevention (IC50: 0.40 ± 0.11 mg/mL). IF had a three-times higher EC1 value than ascorbic acid and significantly higher elastase inhibition than epigallocatechin gallate. Discussion and conclusions IF is proposed as a powerful natural extract with antioxidant and anti-wrinkle properties; therefore, it is suggested for further use in pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, and nutraceutical industries.
A FACULTY MODEL FOR POLICY PLANNING

This policy-oriented faculty planning model can be used lo evaluate tbe effects of present and proposed policies on the long-term future of academic institutions and to seleci Ihose policies that will shape tbe composition of tbe faculty lo meet lhe institution's objectives. Tbe approach is tbat of a fixed-time-interval simulation wilh a one-year time . step which traces individuals forward in lime according to a set of policy inputs. Implementation has been successful at institutions ranging from small schools to large state universities. Tbree explorations are presented to illustrate tbe use of tbe model. First, benign, conservative, and draconian scenarios are examined and it is determined that tbe conserva- tive policy maintains steady state. Second, sensitivity to variation of policy inputs is considered, witb lhe following results; (1) Stringent promotion and tenure policies for senior appointees have marginal effects, but tenure rate for assistant professors is signific- ant. (2) Early retirement provides sbort-term but nol iong-lerm advantages. (3) Resignation rates lor senior faculty have more impact than many of the controllable policies. Tbe tbird exploralion demonstrates tbat once a scbool falls bebind the "availability pool" for a specific group, such as women, it requires a long-term effon, including biring at considerably above quota, to catcb up.
On the reliability of the design approach for FRC structures according to fib Model Code 2010: the case of elevated slabs

This paper focuses on the reliability of the design approach proposed in the fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010 for estimating the ultimate capacity of fibre‐reinforced concrete (FRC) elevated slabs on the basis of different tests for material characterization. The fracture properties of the material are determined through three‐point bending tests on notched beams and through double edge wedge splitting (DEWS) tests carried out on cylinders cored in the full‐size test structure. As a case study, an FRC elevated flat slab 0.2 m thick is considered which consists of nine bays (panels) measuring 6 × 6 m (overall size 18.3 × 18.3 m) and is supported by 16 circular concrete columns. The ultimate bearing capacity of the slab determined experimentally is compared with the design value predicted by means of a procedure based on limit analysis following fib Model Code 2010. The results show that the method proposed in fib Model Code 2010 using the characteristic values and the classification is reliable. Even if the tests are affected by a significant standard deviation and the two experimental campaigns with three‐point bending tests give a significant difference between class ”5c“ and class ”3e“, the structural test results in a loadbearing capacity that is always larger than the predicted one, which considers a safety coefficient for the material γF = 1.5.
Correlates of mental health literacy among first-generation Korean American immigrant women

ABSTRACT Korean American immigrants historically have and continue to underutilize mental health services and treatment. A lower level of mental health literacy has been found to account for low rates of mental health services. This study examined mental health literacy and its correlates in a sample of first-generation Korean American immigrant women (N = 243) from a large metro area in the Southeast U.S. Those with higher English proficiency, social support, and lower depression levels were more likely to have higher mental health literacy levels. Strategies to increase mental health literacy among Korean American immigrant women are discussed.
Planning of urban forest in Riga and major European cities

With the increase in the number of the global population, that is likely to grow also in the nearest decades, the expansion of cities continues at the expense of forests and farmlands, and in these new areas, a more significant role is granted to the interaction between cities and countryside, revealing diverse interests of stakeholders. It is necessary to preserve, and it is even desirable, to expand the green spaces of the urbanized territories. Vienna, Stockholm, Copenhagen and Riga were selected for the study. The authors looked at the experience of the urban and green area planning through the literature review of city planning documents. Analyses of results show that planning takes place at the city, suburban or regional level and in the case of Riga, its development is similar to the development of other large European cities. The share of the urban forests in the territory of Riga city and its suburbs is comparatively large. In the European cities, which are rich in forests, the territories of the urban forests are often owned by local municipalities, and the development axes are created along highways, separating the diverse green territories. The authors offer a schematic model of the urban forest and urban area development for Riga city, which will ensure the preservation of forest areas and the non-confluence of urban areas.
Estrogen‐Responsive Gene MAST4 Regulates Myeloma Bone Disease

Our previous data showed that young female multiple myeloma (MM) patients had a low frequency of osteolytic lesions. Based on this clinical observation, we found that estrogen cell signaling played a regulatory role in MM bone disease (MMBD), and the estrogen‐responsive gene microtubule‐associated serine/threonine kinase family member 4 (MAST4) was a critical factor. The presence of estrogen in cell cultures promoted MAST4 expression in MM cells, while knocking down estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) inhibited MAST4 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay suggested a binding site of ESR1 on the MAST4 promoter. Bisphosphonates, such as zoledronic acid (ZOL), which was widely used in MMBD control, could stimulate MAST4 expression in MM cells by promoting ESR1 expression. MAST4 interacted with phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), therefore regulating the PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR pathway and the expression of downstream cytokines, such as CCL2/3/4. MAST4 knockdown (MAST4‐KD) or ESR1 knockdown (ESR1‐KD) MM cells had repressed PTEN activity, elevated PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR activity, and increased CCL2/3/4 expressions. Coculture of MAST4‐KD or ESR1‐KD MM cells with pre‐osteoclasts (pre‐OCs) stimulated OC formation in vitro, whereas neutralizing antibodies of CCL2/3/4 attenuated such stimulation. In mouse models, mice inoculated with MAST4‐KD or ESR1‐KD MM cells had severer MMBD than control knockdown (CTR‐KD). The correlations between MAST4 and ESR1 expressions in MMBD, as well as related cell signaling pathways, were confirmed in analyses using gene expression profiles (GEPs) of patients' MM cells. The negative correlation of MAST4 expression and occurrence of MMBD was further validated by patients' immunohistochemical tissue array. Overall, our data suggested that estrogen cell signaling negatively regulated MMBD through MAST4. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
3D Finite Element Analysis of Laboratory Punch Tests on Ice Rubble

A series of punch tests on ice rubble conducted at the Hamburgische Schiffbau-Versuchsanstalt (HSVA) in Hamburg was analyzed. The tests were simulated using the PLAXIS finite element code. Both simple elastic-perfectly plastic Mohr-Coulomb and advanced hardening model with cap were used to simulate the ice rubble behavior. The ice ridges were geometrically modeled as closely as possible to how they were really produced in the ice tank, i.e. as a part of the body consisting of the level ice/consolidated layer/ice rubble floating in the water. The material properties were chosen such that the simulated load displacement curves fitted the experimental ones sufficiently close. Particular attention was focused on modeling the consistent behavior of both the pushing platen and the surrounding ice sheet. The simulations showed that the bending effect and consequently the tensile strength of the ice rubble play an important role in this kind of punch tests or, more generally, in this kind of loading. Finally, the parametric study was carried out in order to investigate the influence of different ice rubble material parameters on its behavior in the punch test.
Discrete element modelling and experimental validation of a granular solid subject to different loading conditions

Many of the materials handled by industry each year are of a granular or particulate nature. These include pharmaceutical powders, chemical pellets, agricultural grains, coals and other minerals, sands and gravels. In recent years, the Discrete Element Method (DEM) has been used extensively to investigate the behaviour of granular solids subjected to a variety of loading conditions. However, the majority of the numerical computations were often not validated or compared with experimental results and there is a question as to whether DEM is capable of producing quantitative predictions rather than only qualitative representation of a particulate assembly. It is thus useful to verify DEM calculations and to investigate the relative importance of the DEM input parameters for producing satisfactory predictions. The aim of this study was to simulate spherical (glass beads) and non-spherical (corn grains) particles under a variety of loading scenarios and to validate against physical experiments. Secondary objective was to explore the influence of the particle scale (micro) parameters on the bulk scale (macro) responses. The study commenced with the development of physical calibration experiments for the DEM validation. These were filling of a model silo, confined compression in a cylinder, rod penetration into a granular bulk and silo discharging through an outlet. These actions on a granular system can be expected to occur in a wide range of industrial processes and are relevant for the industrial sponsor Deere & Co. Key observations were made in each of the tests and compared with the corresponding DEM simulations. To achieve a high level quantitative validation, the grains properties required for DEM simulations were not simply assumed but measured directly. The
Simulation of vertical ship responses in high seas

Simulation of Vertical Ship Responses in High Seas. (December 2008) Suresh Rajendran, B.Tech, Cochin University of Science and Technology, India Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Cheung Hun Kim This research was done to study the effect of sea severity on the vertical ship responses like heave and pitch. Model testing of a 175m moored container ship with zero heading speed was done for different sea states varying from very rough to very high seas. Transfer functions were extracted using Volterra model which constitutes both linear and quadratic part. The experimental linear transfer functions were calculated using Volterra linear model and were compared with linear transfer function from the hydrodynamic theory. Experimental second order transfer functions were also extracted using Volterra quadratic model and their behavior was studied for different sea states. After the extraction of linear and second order transfer functions total responses were reconstructed and compared with the measured responses. This also helped to investigate the contribution of second order part to the total vertical ship responses. In the last stage of the research a new semiempirical method was developed called as ‘UNIOM’ for the prediction of the responses. Laboratory input waves and theoretical LTFs were used for the simulation of ship response and these were compared with measured responses.
Sodium butyrate supplementation and the effect on glucose levels and lipid metabolism of dairy cows

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium butyrate supplementation on plasma glucose levels and lipid metabolism of the cow in the mid-lactation. For this, ten dairy cows (four Holstein and six Jersey, multiparous, 150 days in milk (DIM) were used and randomly divided into two groups: Control Group (CG, n = 5), which received the standard diet; Treatment Group (TG, n = 5), which received the standard diet plus 1.0 g/kg of body weight per day of butyrate over a 8 days period. Individual blood samples were collected once daily throughout the experimental period for analysis of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglycerides, cholesterol and glucose. It can be observed that in TG the BHB blood levels were higher (0.64 ± 0.03 mmol/l and 0.91 ± 0.03 mmol/l, for CG and TG, respectively, P=0.001) and the glucose levels were lower than the CG (55.5 ± 0.84 mg/dL and 51.1 ± 0.75 mg/dL, for TG and CG, respectively, P<0.0001). The results show that supplementing cows with sodium butyrate may regulate the rate of lipolysis and the concentrations of NEFA improving the health status of the animal.