Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developing and Reassessment of Consumer Based Brand Equity Model in Sport (case study of soccer clubs in Iranian premier league)

The main purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable model for evaluation of brand equity in sport teams in Iran. In this research, considering the importance and vital role of brand equity in sport teams and infancy of brand equity topic, Ross (2008) model of spectator based brand equity in sport was reassessed and after evaluating it, new Spectator Based Brand Equity in Sport model was proposed of sport teams Iran.
Morphological variation in Plantago lanceolata L.: effects of light quality and growth regulators on sun and shade populations

The effects of different ratios of red io far-red light (R/FR- ratio) and of exogenously applied growth regulators on the morphology of plants from sun and shade populations were studied. Large differences in growth form were found between populations adapted to either sun or shaded habitats. Low R/FR- ratios, simulating vegetation shade, induced a growth form similar to that of plants from the shade population. High R/FR- ratios, simulating sunlight, had the opposite effect. Most morphological differences between shade and sun populations and effects of low R/FR-ratios on growth form could be mimicked by exogenously applied gibberellin (GA(3)). In contrast, application of a gibberellin inhibitor (CCC) induced a growth form similar to that of the sun population and of plants grown under a high R/FR-ratio. Interactions between genetic background, the R/FR-ratio, and hormone treatment, were small and the factors exerted their action independently. The results are discussed in relation to the influence of developmental constraints on the evolvability of optimal phenotypes and the plastic responses therein. [KEYWORDS: morphological variation; phenotypic plasticity; red to far-red ratio; gibberellins; Plantago lanceolata 3 contrasting habitats; phenotypic plasticity; gibberellic-acid; genetic differentiation; phytochrome; germination;environment; expression; evolution]
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAINS IN THE PANDEMIC

We study the role of global supply chains in the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on GDP growth using a multi-sector quantitative framework implemented on 64 countries. We discipline the labor supply shock across sectors and countries using the fraction of work in the sector that can be done from home, interacted with the stringency with which countries imposed lockdown measures. One quarter of the total model-implied real GDP decline is due to transmission through global supply chains. However, “renationalization” of global supply chains does not in general make countries more resilient to pandemic-induced contractions in labor supply. This is because eliminating reliance on foreign inputs increases reliance on the domestic inputs, which are also disrupted due to nationwide lockdowns. In fact, trade can insulate a country imposing a stringent lockdown from the pandemic-shock, as its foreign inputs are less disrupted than its domestic ones. Finally, unilateral lifting of the lockdowns in the largest economies can contribute as much as 2.5%to GDP growth in some of their smaller trade partners. Barthélémy Bonadio University of Michigan bbonadio@umich.edu Zhen Huo Department of Economics Yale University New Haven, CT 06520 zhen.huo@yale.edu Andrei A. Levchenko Department of Economics University of Michigan 611 Tappan Street Ann Arbor, MI 48109 and CEPR and also NBER alev@umich.edu Nitya Pandalai-Nayar Department of Economics University of Texas at Austin 3.142 BRB, 2225 Speedway Austin, TX 78713 and NBER npnayar@utexas.edu
Effects of Homework Supported Distance Education on Academic Satisfaction, Academic Achievement, and Attitude towards Distance Education

The purpose of this study is to reveal the effects of homework supported distance education on students’ academic achievement, academic satisfaction, and attitudes towards distance education. This study was performed with a quantitative paradigm. In this context, repeated measures design was used. The purposeful sampling method was used to determine the participants. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures was used to compare academic achievement tests and scale scores. As a result of the study, the distance education process applied significantly increased students’ academic achievement but supporting the distance education process with homework increased academic achievement more. The distance education process did not change the students’ attitudes towards distance education and their academic satisfaction, but homework-supported distance education process changed positively. This finding revealed that distance education alone is not enough and it should be supported with different techniques and methods to increase its effectiveness.
Evaluation of two rapid methods for enumeration of yeast and mould in food

Several rapid methods have been developed for the enumeration of yeast and mould in foods. Among these rapid methods, the NEO-GRID hydrophobic grid membrane filter (HGMF) requires a considerably short incubation period and the TEMPO YM offers automation. TEMPO YM and NEO-GRID HGMF were compared with the current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) method, the reference method, for the enumeration of yeast and mould in foods. This study of method comparison was conducted using 261 naturally contaminated food samples including dried fruits, marmalade, flour, pastry, sausage, nuts, sauce and spices. The results of the statistical analysis of different food categories demonstrated that differences between the rapid methods and the FDA method were not significant (P≯0.05). Both TEMPO YM and NEO-GRID HGMF are rapid and efficient alternative methods for the enumeration of yeast and mould in foods.
Improved Silence-Unvoiced-Voiced (SUV) Segmentation for Dysarthric Speech Signals using Linear Prediction Error Variance

A novel algorithm for the segmentation of dysarthric speech into silence, unvoiced and voiced (SUV) segments is presented. The proposed algorithm is based on the combination of short-time energy (STE), zero-crossing rate (ZCR) and linear prediction error variance (LPEV) or the segmentation problem. Extending the previous work in this field, the proposed method will address the difficulties in distinguishing between voiced and unvoiced segments in dysarthric speech. More precisely, the error variance of the linear prediction coefficients will be used to design a three-fold decision matrix that can accommodate the high variability in loudness experienced in dysarthric speech. In addition, a moving average threshold approach will be proposed in order to provide an “as-fit” segmentation technique that is fully automated and that will be able to handle highly severe dysarthric speech with varying loudness and ZCRs. The ability of the proposed fully-automated algorithm will be validated using real speech samples from healthy speakers, and speakers with ataxic dysarthria. The results of the proposed approach are compared with known methods using STE and ZCR. It is observed that the proposed classification method does not only show an improvement in segmentation performance but also provides consistent results in low signal energy situations.
Position Control of a 3D Printed Soft Finger with Integrated Soft Pneumatic Sensing Chambers

Soft robots require robust soft and flexible sensors that can undergo large deformations repeatedly. This work reports on soft robotic fingers with embedded soft pneumatic sensing chambers that are directly 3D printed without requiring postprocessing. A low-cost and open-source fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer that employs an off-the-shelf soft thermoplastic poly(urethane) (TPU) was used to fabricate the monolithic fingers and sensing chambers. These pneumatic sensing chambers have multiple advantages including very fast response to any change in their internal volume, linearity, negligible hysteresis, repeatability, reliability, stability over time, long lifetime and very low power consumption. The performance of these chambers is accurately predicted, and their topologies are optimized using finite element modeling (FEM). Also, the flexion of the soft robotic finger is predicted using a geometric model for use in real-time position control. The position control of the soft robotic finger is achieved using feedback signals from the soft pneumatic sensing chambers embedded in the finger.
A heat-induced change in the ultrastructure of milk and its effect on gel formation in yoghurt

Summary Micelles of milk heated at 95 °C for 10 min or autoclaved at 121·7 °C for 15 min were observed by electron microscopy to bear filamentous appendages, whereas micelles from raw milk had relatively smooth contours with no appendages. Experiments suggested that the appendages were composed of denatured β-lactoglobulin and showed that their development was sensitive to sulphydryl blocking agents. Firmness and syneresis of yoghurt were associated with the extent to which micelles coalesced during fermentation; the appendages of micelles in heated milk appeared to inhibit coalescence giving rise to a firmer curd with a lower tendency to syneresis.
Otolith increment widths and somatic growth rate: the presence of a time‐lag

Populations of the estuarine glass fish, Ambassis vachelli Richardson, were used to study the relationship between somatic growth and widths of daily increments in the sagittal otoliths. Variations in the somatic growth of A. vachelli were induced by a series of experimental feeding regimes which included feeding to satiation with two food sources and a starvation treatment. After 33 days of exposure to the experimental feeding regimes significant differences in the mean wet weight of individuals amongst the feeding treatments were recorded. Fishes subject to a starvation treatment showed a significant reduction in wet weight compared to the pretreatment population and the two experimental feeding regimes. No changes in lengths of fishes were recorded. Validation techniques revealed that daily increments were laid down in the sagittal and asteriscal otoliths. Estimates of ring widths from samples of sagittal otoliths revealed significant treatment effects. The increments of fishes from the starvation treatment showed a significant decline in mean increment width relative to the feeding treatments. This difference was detected only after a 15 day period of experimental feeding. It is suggested that the gradual decline in increment width reflects the exhaustion of readily mobilized energy reserves.
New Challenges of Design for Reliability in Advanced Technology Node (Invited)

With the dimension of transistor scaling down to 5nm, design for reliability attracts more and more attentions in digital and analog circuit. Self-heating effects must be taken into account due to the introduction of FinFET structure, which will be more serious with thinner and higher Fin shape optimization and future GAA nanowire. Self-heating related qualification is also critical, since it may impact the HCI, EM and TDDB. Moreover, BTI and HCI degradation show new feature as stochastic nano-reliability in small area transistors, since single trap induced degradation becomes more obvious. Aging induced variation has also been shaving away the design margins, especially in SRAM, this effect will be discussed in detail in this paper from transistor to product.
A review of the genus Zavrelia (Diptera: Chironomidae)

In this paper we review the taxonomy of the genus Zavrelia Kieffer, Thienemann & Bause and present emended generic diagnoses of all major life stages. Illustrated keys to larvae, pupae, adult males and females are presented as well as descriptions of four species new to science. Zavrelia species are only recorded from the northern hemisphere and comprise in total ten small to minute species. The following life stages and species are described: Larva, pupa, adult male and adult female of Zavrelia aristata sp. n. , Zavrelia hudsoni sp. n. , Zavrelia pentatoma Kieffer & Bause and Zavrelia sinica sp. n. ; pupa and adult male of Zavrelia casasi sp. n. ; and adult males of Zavrelia clinovolsella Guo & Wang and Zavrelia tusimatijea (Sasa & Suzuki). Zavrelia atrofasciata Kieffer and Stempellina paludosa Goetghebuer are proposed as new junior synonyms of Zavrelia pentatoma and lectotypes of Zavrelia nigritula, Zavrelia pentatoma and Stempellina paludosa are designated.
Crossbreeding components for some Semen parameters of bucks obtained from crossing Saudi Aradi goats with Damascus.

A crossbreeding program between Aradi Saudi breed (A) with Syrian Damascus breed (D) was practiced for three years to produce 1⁄2D1⁄2A genotype. A total number of 191 ejaculates collected from 42 bucks fathered by 12 sires and mothered by 42 dams were used to evaluate semen characteristics of bucks. An animal model was used to estimate heritabilities and permanent environmental effects and variance components obtained by this animal model were used to solve the corresponding mixed model equations, obtaining solutions for the genetic group means and their standard errors. A generalized least square procedure was used to estimate direct additive genetic effects and direct heterosis. Heritabilities obtained for semen characteristics were mostly moderate or low and ranged from 0.04 to 0.16. Direct additive effects were in favor of Aradi bucks by 11.4% for ejaculate volume, 4.2% for live sperms and 5.7% for total sperm output relative to Damascus bucks, while a reverse trend in favor of Damascus bucks was recorded for sperms concentration (-3.6%), total motility of sperms (15.0%), and dead sperms (24.5%). Positive and significant estimates of direct heterosis for volume of ejaculate (16.3%), total sperms output (12.5%), sperms concentration (5.4 %) along with a negative estimate recorded for abnormal sperms percentage (3.3%) were favorable for crossbred bucks; i.e. crossing Saudi Aradi does with Damascus bucks was associated with an increase in ejaculate volume (0.245 ml, P<0.01) and sperm concentration (0.15 x 10 9 per ml, P<0.05) along with a reduction in percentage of abnormal sperms (-0.45 %, P<0.05).
Diversity and Genetic Relationships among Seven West African Goat Breeds

This study was carried out to determine the genetic relationships among seven west African goat breeds: Casamance Goat (Kolda, Senegal), Labe Goat (Fouta Djallon, Guinea), three Sahel Goat (Djoloff, Senegal; Maradi, Niger; Gorgol, Mauritania) red Sokoto Goat (Maradi, Niger) and Guera goat (Atar, Mauritania). The polymorphism of six microsatellites and the α s1 -casein locus was analysed. The six microsatellite loci were polymorphic with a mean number of alleles ranging from 2.71 to 4.0. At the α s1 -casein locus, A and B were the most frequent alleles, which are known to be associated with a high level of protein synthesis. A neighbour-joining tree and a Principal Component Analysis were performed and the reliability of both methods was tested. Our study shows that the genetic relationships among the breeds analysed correspond to their geographical distribution and in addition, that the Labe Goat is strongly separated from the other breeds. Among the seven markers used, four have an effect on the distribution of breeds while three seem to be non-informative.
The replacement of fish oil with refined coconut oil in the diet of large rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Abstract Three hundred rainbow trout (242.9 ± 6.9 g) were randomly assigned to 12 fibreglass tanks (25 fish/tank). The fish were fed, for 231 days (feeding level: 0.74 % average bw), four experimental diets, containing increasing levels of coconut oil: diet A 0 %, diet B 6 %; diet C 12 % and diet D 13 %, as replacements of herring oil and cod liver oil. Weight gains of fish were > 3 g d-1 and FCR lower than 1.5, for all treatments. No significant difference was observed in the main carcass traits and whole body composition, but whole fish energy content significantly increased in fish fed diet D (10.68 KJ g-1). Different dietary fatty acid profiles had significant effects on the rainbow trout muscle contents of C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, total n-3, and the main ratios: SFA/USFA; DHA/EPA; DHA/AA, n-3/n-6, but not on total fatty acids content of the muscle.
Recent developments in the use of fungi as biopesticides against locusts and grasshoppers in Australia

Abstract Since October 2000, the commercial product Green Guard®, based on the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum produced by SGB Pty. Ltd. Wodonga, Victoria, has been used by the Australian Plague Locust Commission for operational control of the Australian plague locust, Chortoicetes terminifera. The production, formulation, storage, efficacy and non-target effects are reviewed. Between October 2000 and January 2001 over 23,000 ha were treated at doses of 12 - 25 g/ha in 500 ml of oil. Under most temperate or hot conditions, control of over 90% of Australian plague locusts was obtained by day 14 post spraying, but under less favorable conditions control could take up to 21 d. The factors which make Green Guard® attractive for locust control in Australia include low cost, the absence of environmental effects, especially on aquatic organisms, and its suitability for use in organic beef production areas and where the use of chemical pesticides is undesirable. Large-scale field trials against migratory locusts, Locusta migratoria, have shown that doses of 50–75 g/ha are effective. Spur-throated locusts, Austracris guttulosa, are very susceptible in the laboratory, but field trials have proved difficult to assess because of the high mobility of the adults and the absence of hopper bands at the nymphal stage. Results with the wingless grasshopper, Phaulacridium vittatum, have been variable, with the control being difficult to achieve during cool weather. Laboratory studies on Beauveria bassiana have shown that isolates of this fungus, derived from field-infected grasshoppers, are very virulent and will kill better under cool conditions.
Child-Computer Interaction: Identifying Children’s Interaction Ability And Pattern Formation In Writing Mathematical Numbers

:— Nowadays children already exposed to the new technology and experience excellent learning adventures. Many studies have found that these new and emerging technologies could help children build their discipline and self-motivation. However, the number of studies that address interaction ability and pattern formation in writing mathematical number among kindergarten children are still limited. Designing children computer applications adapted to the capabilities of children is an important part of the today software development methodology. Thus, in this study, an investigation of children aged 5 to 6 years old writing ability in mathematical numbers with and without a computer software was investigated. Total 40 children from a kindergarten in Skudai, Johor were involved in the study. In the first study, the results show that the highest frequency of mirror-writings and formation writings of each error were number letter ―7‖ (more than 53%) and the number letter ―8‖ (more than 32%). Moreover, in the second study, the result show that the highest frequency of drop error and drawing error for each error was number letter ―5‖ (more than 40%) and number letter ―7‖ (more than 30%). However, the frequency of each error is differing due to the high different variability of each number letter. This study reports on the identified children’s interaction ability in writing mathematical numbers. The implications of these findings might encourage and establishing children requirements in designing children writing mathematical educational tool and application more effectively.
A multilevel analysis of school enrollment and education attainment in Brazil: demographic dividend versus municipal school fa

This paper combines two traditions in the field of education in order to analyze the determinants of school attendance and education attainment in Brazil. The first tradition is associated with the demographic dividend and the other one with the importance of municipal level school factors. The innovation of this paper is to match microdata from the Demographic Census with municipal level aggregate data from the same census, and also with municipal level school data from the 2000 School Census. This matching allows the estimation of a hierarchical model for the determination of school enrollment and grade progression in Brazil. One of our conclusions is that the demographic dividend had a stronger impact on school enrollment and a smaller effect on grade progression. On the other hand, the impact of school variables at the municipality level is stronger for grade progression than for school enrollment. This impact is stronger in the case of grade progression in fifth as compared to first grade. Finally, the impact of family level socioeconomic variables is strong in all models. ∗ The author would like to thank CAPES (Brazilian National Cooordinator of Graduate Programs) for its financial support to this research, and the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation for the support to the Graduate Program of Demography at CEDEPLAR (Center for Development and Regional Planning. ∗∗ Graduate Student of Demography at CEDEPLARFederal University of Minas Gerais – Brazil.
Effects of cumulative defoliations on growth, reproduction, and insect resistance in mountain birch

Mountain birch is a subarctic tree that faces a high risk of severe attack from herbivores. During outbreaks of its major pests, geometrid moths, a typical sequence of defoliation lasts 2-3 successive years. We simulated a defoliator outbreak by different combinations of 25% and 75% defoliations over three successive years. We studied patterns of resource allocation during and after the simulated outbreaks by quantifying the effect of different degrees of cumulative defoliation on mountain birch resistance, growth, and reproduction. Bioassays showed that the delayed inducible resistance largely waned within 2 yr, whereas the effects of defoliation on tree growth and reproduction persisted longer. Cu- mulative defoliations intensified birch resistance only slightly, and the efficacy of resistance remained in the range induced by a single defoliation event in other studies. This suggests that, even after cumulative defoliations, the "killing power" of induced resistance in moun- tain birch accounts for only a fraction of that required to end a geometrid outbreak. A low level of defoliation (25%) did not generally affect the trees, but high (75%) defoliation decreased their growth and reproduction and also decreased their palatability to insects. Sequential annual defoliations reduced the mass of female catkins, whereas seed- specific mass and seed viability were most affected by previous-year defoliation. The num- ber of catkins per tree was most affected by defoliation 2 yr earlier. Thus, previous-year defoliation affected catkin and seed properties due to the exhaustion of nutrients required for their development, but earlier defoliation limited the catkin number by affecting bud type determination. Similarly, long shoot number was affected by defoliation 2 yr earlier, but cumulative defoliations also reduced the length of long shoots. Trees maintained leaf biomass at the expense of growth and reproduction; leaf dry mass, leaf area, and specific leaf mass were only slightly and nonsignificantly reduced by previous-year defoliation. For mountain birch, maintenance of normal leaf biomass may be a tolerance strategy for coping with herbivory that is at least as important to a long-lived plant as is induced resistance.
Pollinator genetics and pollination: do honey bee colonies selected for pollen‐hoarding field better pollinators of cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon?

1. Genetic polymorphisms of flowering plants can influence pollinator foraging but it is not known whether heritable foraging polymorphisms of pollinators influence their pollination efficacies. Honey bees Apis mellifera L. visit cranberry flowers for nectar but rarely for pollen when alternative preferred flowers grow nearby.