Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Change of chirality at magic angles of twisted bilayer graphene

We derive a simple formula for the real-space chirality of twisted bilayer graphene that can be related to the cross product of its sheet currents. This quantity shows well-defined plateaus for the first remote band as a function of the gate voltage which are approximately quantized for commensurate twist angles. The zeroth plateau corresponds to the first magic angle where a sign change occurs due to an emergent ${C}_{6}$ symmetry. Our observation offers a new definition of the magic angle based on a macroscopic observable which is accessible in typical transport experiments.
Cost-Sensitive Boosting Pruning Trees for Depression Detection on Twitter

Depression is one of the most common mental health disorders, and a large number of depressed people commit suicide each year. Potential depression sufferers usually do not consult psychological doctors because they feel ashamed or are unaware of any depression, which may result in severe delay of diagnosis and treatment. In the meantime, evidence shows that social media data provides valuable clues about physical and mental health conditions. In this paper, we argue that it is feasible to identify depression at an early stage by mining online social behaviours. Our approach, which is innovative to the practice of depression detection, does not rely on the extraction of numerous or complicated features to achieve accurate depression detection. Instead, we propose a novel classifier, namely, Cost-sensitive Boosting Pruning Trees (CBPT), which demonstrates a strong classification ability on two publicly accessible Twitter depression detection datasets. To comprehensively evaluate the classification capability of CBPT, we use additional three datasets from the UCI machine learning repository and CBPT obtains appealing classification results against several state of the arts boosting algorithms. Finally, we comprehensively explore the influence factors for the model prediction, and the results manifest that our proposed framework is promising for identifying Twitter users with depression.
Comparison of Symbiodinium dinoflagellate flora in sea slug populations of the Pteraeolidia ianthina complex

: Symbiotic dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium (zooxanthellae) harbored by a nudibranch mollusk, Pteraeolidia ianthina complex, were investigated from host individuals collected at 10 locations in the tropic to temperate waters of the northwestern Pacific. The P. ianthina complex is widely distributed throughout the Indo-Pacific Ocean and, in the northwestern Pacific, contains 2 genetically highly diverged cryptic species with variable genetic structuring. Information on such genetic composition and structuring of the host is useful for assessing whether the relationship between the host and symbiont flora is determined by the genotype of host organisms or by environmental factors. The diversity of the harbored Symbiodinium was analyzed using the sequence differences of internal transcribed spacer region 2 in the nuclear ribosomal gene, chloroplast ribosomal gene large subunit 23S Domain V, and mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Symbionts of clades A, C, and D were detected in this nudibranch host. Among them, 6 types were identified (1 clade A, 3 clade C, and 2 clade D types); 2 of them are suggested to be novel. The occurrence of each Symbiodinium type differed among the geographical locations, and hence the co-occurrence pattern (i.e. composition) of the symbionts also varied geographically. The geographical pattern of symbiont composition was correlated with the genetic structuring of the host as well as climatic environmental factors. Therefore, these results suggest that both environmental conditions and the host mollusk’s genetics affect the symbiont composition.
Maintenance of Leaf Temperature and the Optimisation of Carbon Gain in Relation to Water Loss in a Tropical Mangrove Forest

Properties and display of foliage were studied in relation to gas exchange characteristics of tropical mangrove species. Rates of assimilation of CO2 were maximal at leaf temperatures of approximately 30°C. The species operated with higher water use efficiencies than do most C3 species, and water-use characteristics became increasingly conservative with increase in the salinity tolerance of the species. Changes in three properties of leaves, i.e. inclination, area, and succulence, contributed to maintenance of leaf temperatures near air temperatures with minimal evaporative cooling. Interspecific differences in water-use characteristics, and their relationship to the maintenance of favourable leaf temperatures, could affect the competitive abilities of mangroves and the structure of mangrove forests.
Effect of Menopause on Cognition in Post-menopausal Women

Introduction: Menopause is the end of women's reproductive capacity, but it signals more than end of fertility. Health issues such as low bone mineral density, sexual problems, mood disorders and disturbed sleep increase around menopause, although the extent to which these problems are associated with diminished ovarian reserve is not well understood. Associations between hormone changes, menopausal symptoms and other health issues associated with menopause have been aided by staging the menopausal transition. Thus this study is an initiation to check cognitive function changes in later period of life after menopause. Methods: Based on Inclusion and Exclusion criteria 100 subjects above the age of 50 years was selected by purposive sampling and informed consent was taken. Groups were divided into four categories Group A, B, C and D and assessed on the basis of ACE-R questionnaire. The data was then be collected, compiled and analyzed. Measuring Scale: ACE-R Questionnaire Results: Data was meaningfully assorted through calculation of mean & standard deviation. The p value for age and menopause was 0.879 which was >0.001. There was negative correlation between age and menopause. Result was non-significant for attention and concentration within the groups of menopausal stages with p value 0.120 which is >0.001. The p value for menopause and memory was <0.001 which signified that the relation between menopause and memory was significant. The p value for the language and menopausal stages was <0.001, which stated the result was significant between language and advancing menopausal stages. Menopause and visuospatial ability showed significant correlation with the p value <0.001, signified that the visuospatial abilities decline in a women with advanced menopausal stage. Conclusion: In this study we found that there was significant decline in the various parameters of cognition including memory, verbal fluency, language, visuospatial abilities whereas age and attention concentration has negative correlation.
Classification of sea ice types in Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar images

Abstract. A new Sentinel-1 image-based sea ice classification algorithm using a machine-learning-based model trained in a semi-automated manner is proposed to support daily ice charting. Previous studies mostly rely on manual work in selecting training and validation data. We show that the readily available ice charts from the operational ice services can reduce the amount of manual work in preparation of large amounts of training/testing data. Furthermore, they can feed highly reliable data to the trainer by indirectly exploiting the best ability of the sea ice experts working at the operational ice services. The proposed scheme has two phases: training and operational. Both phases start from the removal of thermal, scalloping, and textural noise from Sentinel-1 data and calculation of grey level co-occurrence matrix and Haralick texture features in a sliding window. In the training phase, the weekly ice charts are reprojected into the SAR image geometry. A random forest classifier is trained with the texture features on input and labels from the rasterized ice charts on output. Then, the trained classifier is directly applied to the texture features from Sentinel-1 images operationally. Test results from the two datasets spanning winter (January–March) and summer (June–August) seasons acquired over the Fram Strait and the Barents Sea showed that the classifier is capable of retrieving three generalized cover types (open water, mixed first-year ice, old ice) with overall accuracies of 87 % and 67 % in winter and summer seasons, respectively. For the summer season, the classifier failed in distinguishing mixed first-year ice from old ice with accuracy of only 12 %; however, it performed rather like an ice–water discriminator with high accuracy of 98 % as the misclassification between the mixed first-year ice and old ice was between them. The accuracy for five cover types (open water, new ice, young ice, first-year ice, old ice) in the winter season was 60 %. The errors are attributed both to incorrect manual classification on the ice charts and to the semi-automated algorithm. Finally, we demonstrate the potential for near-real-time service of the ice map using daily mosaicked Sentinel-1 images.
Effect of Temperature on the Development and the Mortality of the Southern Green Stink Bug, Nezara viridula and the Oriental Green Stink Bug, N. antennata

1) ミナミアオカメムシとアオクサカメムシの発育,死亡率および幼虫の体色と温度との関係を20. 0, 22.5, 25.0, 27.5, 30.0°Cの5段階の恒温の下で調べた。 2) 両種ともまた卵期,幼虫期とも,比較発育速度と温度との間にはほぼ直線関係が認められた(第1, 2図)。 3) 温度-発育速度回帰直線式より求められた理論発育零点および有効積算温度は次表に示すとおりである。 4) 本実験の温度範囲内では,卵から羽化までの発育に好適な温度範囲は,ミナミアオカメムシでは20∼30°C,アオクサカメムシでは22.5∼27.5°C,発育最適温度は前者では30°C,後者では27.5°C附近にあると推測される。 5) ミナミアオカメムシ,アオクサカメムシ両種の4, 5令幼虫の体色には,飼育温度がかなり大きな影響を与えており,飼育温度が低くなるに従って黒色型の出現率は高くなった。
Permanent Earthquake-Induced Actions in Buried Pipelines: Numerical Modeling and Experimental Verification

Buried pipelines are often constructed in seismic and other geohazards areas, where severe ground deformations may induce severe strains in the pipeline. Calculation of those strains is essential for assessing pipeline integrity and, therefore, the development of efficient models accounting for soil-pipe interaction is required. The present paper is aiming at developing efficient tools for calculating ground-induced deformation on buried pipelines, often triggered by earthquake action, in the form of fault rupture, liquefaction-induced lateral spreading, soil subsidence, or landslide. Soil-pipe interaction is investigated using advanced numerical tools, which employ solid elements for the soil, shell elements for the pipe and account for soil-pipe interaction, supported by large-scale experiments. Soil-pipe interaction in axial and transverse directions is evaluated first, using results from special-purpose experiments and finite element simulations. The comparison between experimental and numerical results offers valuable information on key material parameters, necessary for accurate simulation of soil-pipe interaction. Furthermore reference is made to relevant provisions of design recommendations. Using the finite element models, calibrated from these experiments, pipeline performance at seismic-fault crossings is analyzed, emphasizing on soil-pipe interaction effects in the axial direction. The second part refers to full-scale experiments, performed on a unique testing device. These experiments are modeled with the finite element tools, to verify their efficiency in simulating soil-pipe response under landslide or strike-slip fault movement. The large-scale experimental results compare very well with the numerical predictions, verifying the capability of the finite element models for accurate prediction of pipeline response under permanent earthquake-induced ground deformations.
Epidemiological Approach to Malaria: Plasmodium Vivax Is Common in Lal Qilla (Sub Division), Pakistan

Aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of malaria among the local population visited to local health care center Lal Qilla (Sub division) District Dir (Lower) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. A descriptive study was arranged. Patients with malaria were evaluated. The analysis of data was done, sex wise, age wise, month wise and species wise. Out of the total 2386 suspected patients of malaria the 694 (29%) were positive. The male are more susceptible to get disease as compare to female 382 (55%) and 312 (45%) respectively. The high burden of cases 580 (83%) of malaria occurred in age group 15-64 years while the lowest cases 53 (8%) were recorded in age group >65. However, the seasonal analysis shows that the high number of cases was occurred in November 139 (68%) while the lowest cases were reported in March 3 (3%). Out of the total positive cases the 673 (97%) were found Plasmodium vivax while the 21 (3%) were Plasmodium falciparum. From the present study it was concluded that Plasmodium vivax is still prevalent in Lal Qilla (Sub Division).
TITLE: Population Dynamics and Sustainable Conservation of Protected Areas in Tanzania: The Case of Swagaswaga Game Reserve in Kondoa District

This paper discusses the impact of population pressure on the protected areas in Tanzania. Generally, rapid population growth increases pressures on most protected areas. Evidence from the Swagaswaga Game Reserve illustrates serious land use conflicts due to encroachment and establishment of various human activities. Such conflicts justify need for involving the local communities in the management of protected areas. The paper concludes that unless population dynamics and the needs of local communities are considered strict conservation measures may not ensure sustainability. Local communities need to be regarded as partners in the planning, management and sharing of benefits accruing from the respective protected areas. This will ensure responsibility and a sense of ownership among the local communities. NAME AND ADDRESS OF MAIN AUTHOR: Ndalahwa F. Madulu Institute of Resource Assessment University of Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 35097 Dar es Salaam, TANZANIA. E-mail: Madulu@hotmail.com
Carbon Offshoring: Evidence from French Manufacturing Companies

Concerns about carbon offshoring, namely the relocation of dirty tasks abroad, undermine the efficiency of domestic carbon mitigation policies and might prevent governments from adopting more ambitious climate policies. This paper is the first to analyse the extent and determinants of carbon offshoring at the firm level. We combine information on carbon emissions, imports, imported emissions and environmental policy stringency based on a unique dataset of 5,000 French manufacturing firms observed from 1997 to 2014. We estimate the impact of imported emissions on firm’s domestic emissions and emission intensity using a shift-share instrumental variable strategy. We do not find compelling evidence of an impact of carbon offshoring on total emissions, but show that emission efficiency improves in companies offshoring emissions abroad, suggesting that offshored emissions are compensated by an increase in production scale. The effect is economically meaningful with a 10% increase in carbon offshoring causing a 4% decline in emission intensity. However, this effect is twice as small as that of domestic energy prices and, importantly, does not appear to be driven by a pollution haven motive.
Climate-driven benthic invertebrate activity and biogeochemical functioning across the Barents Sea polar front

Arctic marine ecosystems are undergoing rapid correction in response to multiple expressions of climate change, but the consequences of altered biodiversity for the sequestration, transformation and storage of nutrients are poorly constrained. Here, we determine the bioturbation activity of sediment-dwelling invertebrate communities over two consecutive summers that contrasted in sea-ice extent along a transect intersecting the polar front. We find a clear separation in community composition at the polar front that marks a transition in the type and amount of bioturbation activity, and associated nutrient concentrations, sufficient to distinguish a southern high from a northern low. While patterns in community structure reflect proximity to arctic versus boreal conditions, our observations strongly suggest that faunal activity is moderated by seasonal variations in sea ice extent that influence food supply to the benthos. Our observations help visualize how a climate-driven reorganization of the Barents Sea benthic ecosystem may be expressed, and emphasize the rapidity with which an entire region could experience a functional transformation. As strong benthic-pelagic coupling is typical across most parts of the Arctic shelf, the response of these ecosystems to a changing climate will have important ramifications for ecosystem functioning and the trophic structure of the entire food web. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The changing Arctic Ocean: consequences for biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functioning'.
The Whys and Wherefores of Transitivity in Plants

Transitivity in plants is a mechanism that produces secondary small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) from a transcript targeted by primary small RNAs (sRNAs). It expands the silencing signal to additional sequences of the transcript. The process requires RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDRs), which convert single-stranded RNA targets into a double-stranded (ds) RNA, the precursor of siRNAs and is critical for effective and amplified responses to virus infection. It is also important for the production of endogenous secondary siRNAs, such as phased siRNAs (phasiRNAs), which regulate several genes involved in development and adaptation. Transitivity on endogenous transcripts is very specific, utilizing special primary sRNAs, such as miRNAs with unique features, and particular ARGONAUTEs. In contrast, transitivity on transgene and virus (exogenous) transcripts is more generic. This dichotomy of responses implies the existence of a mechanism that differentiates self from non-self targets. In this work, we examine the possible mechanistic process behind the dichotomy and the intriguing counter-intuitive directionality of transitive sequence-spread in plants.
Branded Content: A Bridge Building Gen Z’s Consumer–Brand Relationship

The emergence of ad blocking phenomenon is a contemporary threat of today. It has serious damaging consequences for the brands and advertisers. Advertisers are constantly looking for communication formats that are engaging to the consumers, specially to Gen Z consumers as they are a major cohort in the internet. Branded content videos are perceived an apt form of communication to reach this generation. This article observes the effect of branded content videos (BCVs) on Gen Z’s attitude towards the brand (AB), further leading to purchase intention (PI) and resilience towards the negative information (RNI) for the advertised product. The moderating role of celebrity endorsement (CE) between the BCV and brand attitude is also observed. Descriptive research design was employed to conduct the study. A structured questionnaire was created and administered on social media platform, Facebook, from where 470 responses were received. Cronbach’s alpha, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modelling and hierarchical regression analysis were executed to conduct the data analysis. The results establish that informative BCVs have a more significant effect on brand attitude which further results into purchase intensions and RNI about the marketed product among consumers. It was also observed that CEs do not moderate the relationship between BCVs and brand attitude.
Development of a bio-optical model for the Barents Sea to quantitatively link glider and satellite observations

A bio-optical model for the Barents Sea is determined from a set of in situ observations of inherent optical properties (IOPs) and associated biogeochemical analyses. The bio-optical model provides a pathway to convert commonly measured parameters from glider-borne sensors (CTD, optical triplet sensor—chlorophyll and CDOM fluorescence, backscattering coefficients) to bulk spectral IOPs (absorption, attenuation and backscattering). IOPs derived from glider observations are subsequently used to estimate remote sensing reflectance spectra that compare well with coincident satellite observations, providing independent validation of the general applicability of the bio-optical model. Various challenges in the generation of a robust bio-optical model involving dealing with partial and limited quantity datasets and the interpretation of data from the optical triplet sensor are discussed. Establishing this quantitative link between glider-borne and satellite-borne data sources is an important step in integrating these data streams and has wide applicability for current and future integrated autonomous observation systems. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The changing Arctic Ocean: consequences for biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functioning’.
Explicit Sense of Agency in an Automatic Control Situation: Effects of Goal-Directed Action and the Gradual Emergence of Outcome

Sense of agency (SoA), or the subjective feeling that “I am the agent controlling the object,” is essential for learning and enjoying object manipulation. Recently developed automatic control systems, such as the cruise control systems in autonomous vehicles, require less manual control from the manipulators. It has to date been impossible to completely relieve operators of the need for manual control in many automatic control systems developed for tool-using situations. Therefore, it is important to examine how to maintain SoA (illusorily) during an automatic control situation. We investigated the effects of two typical characteristics of everyday tool-use situations on SoA when braking a moving object with a keypress. These characteristics included the presence of a goal (e.g., in driving situations, the driver steps on the brake pedal to stop the car at an expected position) and the gradual emergence of the outcome (e.g., the driver steps on the brake pedal and the car usually slows down first and then stops). We conducted an experiment in which participants stopped a moving object and then rated their SoA for stopping the object. Participants were explicitly informed that the object would sometimes stop independently of their keypress. Results showed that both characteristics decreased SoA in the manual control situation but increased SoA in the automatic control situation. Thus, these characteristics could be useful for maintaining a sense of agency in automatic control situations.
High Mineralization Capacity of IDG-SW3 Cells in 3D Collagen Hydrogel for Bone Healing in Estrogen-Deficient Mice

Tissue engineering with 3D scaffold is a simple and effective method for bone healing after large-scale bone loss. So far, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are mostly used in the treatment of bone healing in animal models due to their self-renewal capability and osteogenic potential. Due to the fact that the main functional cells in promoting osteoid mineralization and bone remodeling were osteocytes, we chose an osteoblast-to-osteocyte transition cell line, IDG-SW3, which are not proliferative under physiological conditions, and compared the healing capability of these cells to that of BMSCs in bone defect. In vitro, IDG-SW3 cells revealed a stronger mineralization capacity when grown in 3D collagen gel, compared to that of BMSCs. Although both BMSC and IDG-SW3 can generate stable calcium-phosphate crystal similar to hydroxyapatite (HA), the content was much more enriched in IDG-SW3-mixed collagen gel. Moreover, the osteoclasts co-cultured with IDG-SW3-mixed collagen gel were easier to be activated, indicating that the IDG-SW3 grafting could promote the bone remodeling more efficiently in vivo. Last, in order to reduce the self-healing capability, we assessed the healing capability between the IDG-SW3 cells and BMSCs in osteoporotic mice. We found that the collagen hydrogel mixed with IDG-SW3 cells has a better healing pattern than what was seen in hydrogel mixed with BMSCs. Therefore, these results demonstrated that by promoting osteoblast-to-osteocyte transition, the therapeutic effect of BMSCs in bone defect repair could be improved.