Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of waste materials as potential biosorbents for Cu(II) and Zn(II) removal

Mining is probably the most common activity that fundamentally impacts the country. The problems connected with the extraction of sulphide ores arise especially during the final stage of mining, closure and abandonment of the extraction area, when the conditions for the generation of strong acid water are most likely to occur. With respect to the diversity of compounds in acid mine drainage (AMD) and its low pH values it is hard to find an effective and inexpensive “active” treatment process. Recently, numerous approaches have been studied for the development of cheaper and more effective technologies, both to decrease the amount of heavy metals and to improve the quality of the treated effluent. Adsorption has become one of the alternative treatments; in the recent years, the search for low-cost adsorbents that have metal-binding capacities has intensified. Adsorption of heavy metals (Cu and Zn) from single-component aqueous solutions onto non-modified poplar sawdust, hemp shives and peat has been studied using the batch-adsorption techniques. For this purpose, solutions with different concentrations ranging from 10 to 150 mg/L have been used. The study was carried out to examine the adsorption capacity of the low-cost waste materials as potential biosorbents for the removal of heavy metals from acid mine drainage. The adsorption isotherms could be better fitted by the Langmuir model (values of the correlation factor range from 0.974 to 0.997). The values of the separation factor ( R L ) in the present study were found to be within 0.037–0.728, indicating the favorable adsorption process. From the comparison of maximum sorption capacities, it is evident that the best adsorption properties are exhibited by the hemp shives, and copper is overall better adsorbed than zinc ( Q max = 12.84 mg/g and 8.28 mg/g for copper and zinc, respectively). The results indicate that these freely abundant, low-cost waste materials can be treated as economically viable for the removal of metal ions in acidic conditions. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.ct. 67.1. 15003
Reinventarization of living procedures, local knowledge, and wisdom to environment (Study case on Tobelo Tribe-Halmahera)

Indonesia is a comprehensive and vast country with a lot of people inside of it. Diversity, or often referred to as cultural diversity, is a necessity in Indonesia. With a population of more than 250 million people spread throughout the archipelago in Indonesia. They inhabit areas with diverse geographical conditions but with the same climate. Every culture has social resources that support growth, such as traditional knowledge, wisdom, and ethics for the environment. This paper aims to review and evaluated the Tobelo tribe wisdom to the environment to utilize the qualitative method. Tobelo tribe acquire knowledge about the forest patterns in the forest to survive and avoid consumptive activities and modern lifestyles through their nomadic life. Forest are crucial for them cause forest is part of them. Through their knowledge and wisdom is to establish a harmonious human-environment relationship. That is a national asset that crucial for biodiversity and preventing harm to biodiversity and the environment.
The effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on higher plants

Introduction 2 Light sources for the study of UV-B effects 3 The solar spectrum 3 Artificial visible light/UV-B sources 4 Sunlight with supplemental UV-B 5 Full spectrum simulated solar radiation 6 Biologically effective UV-B 7 Detrimental effects of UV-B on plants 8 Photochemical processes relevant to UV-B effects 9 Sensitivity of the photosynthetic apparatus to UV-B 10 Damage to the plasma membrane, proteins, and DNA 13 Changes in plant morphology 14 Photoinduced toxicity of xenobiotics 14 Acclimation of plants to UV-B 15 Measures of protection 15 Alteration of leaf transmittance properties 16 Leaf morphology 16 Changes in leaf shape 16 Epidermal flavonoids 17 DNA repair 19 Free radical and active oxygen detoxification 19 UV-B photomorphogenic photoreceptors 20 Summary 22 Acknowledgments 23 References 23
Depression Symptoms and Sleep Quality During COVID-19 Outbreak in Iran: A National Cross-sectional Study

Background: Coronavirus 2019 is a new infectious disease that has been declared by the World Health Organization as a global pandemic. This pandemic may have psychological effects on populations. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the quality of sleep and depression in the Iranian community during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This nationwide cross-sectional web-based study was conducted from April 19 to May 12, 2020 in Iran. The data collection tools were the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Depression Center for Epidemiologic Studies’ Depression Scale questionnaires. Each province in Iran was assumed as a cluster, and generalized estimating equations models were used to determine the demographic variables that were related to depression symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak. Results: In this study, 73.5% and 41.4% of the participants had poor sleep quality and had depression symptoms, respectively. Perceived income, hours spent outdoors, the number of people with COVID-19 that were acquainted with, and a history of depression significantly were related to sleep quality. Also, gender, age, having a child, education level, economic status, and a history of depression were significantly associated with having depression symptoms. Conclusions: Most participants had poor sleep quality, and less than half had depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. These problems can disturb daily routines, cut social ties, and increase worries and fears of the future. Interventions are necessary to reduce psychological problems in Iran.
Pengaruh Terapi Murottal Al-Qur’an terhadap Penurunan Intensitas Nyeri Persalinan Kala 1 Fase Aktif Dilatasi Maksimal

Introduction: Pharmacological and non-pharmacological techniques are methods used to reduce labor pain. Non-pharmacological techniques in the form of distraction by listening to the murottal Al-Qur'an can be an option. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of murottal Al-Qur'an therapy on reducing the intensity of labor pain during the 1st active phase. Method: The type of research used in this study was Pre Experiment, one group pretest-posttest research design. The population in this study were mothers who gave birth at the first stage of Sriwati PMB with a sample of 15 people. The pain was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Statistical analysis used the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with a confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05). The result of the statistical test, the value of p=0.001, which means that there is a significant difference in labor pain in women who give birth before and after listening to the Murottal Al-Qur'an. It is suggested to do non-pharmacological techniques to listen to Murottal Al-Qur'an as one of the techniques to reduce the first stage labor pain at PMB Sriwati.
Capturing the Added Value of Participatory Evaluation

Narrative case studies have shown that, when people are involved in an evaluation of a program they are part of, it can change how they experience the program. This study used a quasi-experiment to test this proposition empirically in the context a participatory action research curriculum called Youth as Researchers. Half of all Youth as Researcher groups engaged in a participatory evaluation (PE) of their program experience through writing reflective essays, creating their own evaluation questions, and conducting peer interviews. The other half served as control groups and did not engage in the PE activities. Pre-/posttest surveys and focus group data were used to assess differences among the experimental and control groups. Study results show that participants in the experiment had important differences in their experiences in the program as a result of participation in the evaluation. Implications for future practice and research are also explored.
Influence of Ice Encasement and Ethylene Regulation on Cellular-protection Responses in Annual Bluegrass

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua var. reptans), when grown as a putting green species, is sensitive to winter injury such as ice cover. Inhibiting plant ethylene production could be a way to improve annual bluegrass tolerance of ice encasement. The goals of this study were to determine how winter conditions and ethylene regulatory treatments affect the antioxidant system, fatty acid composition, and apoplastic proteins of annual bluegrass plant tissues. Ethylene-promotive (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid or ethephon) and ethylene inhibition treatments [aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG)] were applied to plants in the field during acclimation. Plant plugs were taken and subjected to low temperature (−4 °C) and ice-encasement treatments in growth chamber conditions. Antioxidant activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured along with malondialdehyde content (MDA) and apoplastic protein content in leaf and crown tissue. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acid contents were measured in leaf, crown, and root tissue. Higher unsaturated fatty acids are often associated with greater low-temperature tolerance. Compared with the untreated controls, ethephon-treated annual bluegrass had greater MDA contents, lower POD and SOD activity, and greater saturated and decreased unsaturated fatty acids. Ethylene inhibition treatments caused annual bluegrass to have less saturated fatty acid content and greater unsaturated fatty acid content, a greater content of apoplast proteins, and higher CAT activity when compared with the untreated controls. The activity of APX was greater in AVG-treated annual bluegrass than in controls. Ethylene may reduce physiological health overwinter, and inhibitory treatments may promote winter tolerance by promoting antioxidant activity, apoplast proteins, and the content of unsaturated fatty acids in plant tissues.
Release Analysis of Nano-Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) from Paint: An Accelerated Weathering Experiment

Engineered nanomaterials (ENM’s), particularly TiO2 nanoparticles are being incorporated on paints due to their capabilities to enhance optical properties and to scatter UV radiation, which eventually protects the paint from discoloration. In this study, the release of these nano-TiO2 from paint was investigated. Two (2) types of paint were used, one containing pigment- and nano-TiO2 (P1), while the other only contains pigment-TiO2 (P2). The paints were subjected to accelerated weathering wherein the paints were exposed to cycles of UV irradiation and water condensation. The SEM-EDX results showed the distribution of the pigment- and nano-TiO2 on the surface of P1 and P2, and the changes in the morphologies before and after weathering. The photomicrograph revealed the formation of cracks on the surface of P1 brought about by the photocatalytic degradation due to the presence of nano-TiO2. Leachate samples were also collected weekly in the duration of the weathering test and were analysed using ICP-OES. The presence of Ti, which can be correlated to the release TiO2, on the samples was detected. The release of Ti from P1 and P2 showed a decreasing trend throughout the weathering experiment, having the following initial amounts of release: 1.38 mg/L and 2.10 mg/L for P1 and P2, respectively. Moreover, a graphical release mechanism for the nano-TiO2 release was conceptualized based on the results of the study. In general, potential release of nano-TiO2 from paints could happen since these TiO2 nanoparticles serve as a photocatalyst in the paint degradation when exposed to prolonged weathering conditions.
Fine Needle Biopsy Versus Core Needle Biopsy Combined With/Without Thyroglobulin or BRAF 600E Mutation Assessment for Detecting Cervical Nodal Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Objectives To analyze the diagnostic benefit of fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology (FNAB-C) and core needle biopsy tissue (CNB-T) with the addition of thyroglobulin (Tg) in the washout of the needle or BRAF V600E mutation assessment in assessing cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Materials and Methods A total of 186 lymph nodes were punctured by fine or core needle. The diagnostic performance of FNAB-C and CNB-T with Tg in the washout or BRAF V600E mutation assessment was compared. Results The optimal cutoff value of FNAB-Tg was 1.0 ng/ml, with an AUC of 0.976. The sensitivity and specificity of FNAB-C in predicting cervical LNM were 97.4% and 71.4%, respectively, and the addition of FNAB-Tg could contribute to a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 95%, but the introduction of BRAF V600E mutation assessment was associated with a decreased sensitivity of 96.3% and a decreased specificity of 50.0%. The FNAB-Tg level showed a comparable distribution in malignant lymph nodes with different TgAb statuses, serum TSH levels, and serum Tg levels. The sensitivity and specificity of CNB-T in predicting cervical LNM were 98.9% and 100%, respectively. The addition of CNB-Tg did not alter the diagnostic ability, but the introduction of BRAF V600E mutation assessment obtained the best performance, with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 100%. Conclusion The sensitivity and specificity of FNAB-C could be increased if combined with FNAB-Tg. CNB-T alone could provide satisfactory diagnostic reliability.
Anthropogenic pressures on reef-associated sharks in jurisdictions with and without directed shark fishing

Shark populations have declined across the Caribbean region, with negative associations between shark abundance and human population density, open access to fishing, and proximity to large markets (‘market gravity’). This decline is frequently attributed to fishing mortality, which increases in areas closer to humans and outside marine reserves. Although it is difficult to disentangle the effects of fishing mortality from other anthropogenic pressures on sharks, comparing shark abundance and diversity in jurisdictions with near zero fishing mortality versus prevalent shark fishing can demonstrate the role of overfishing. We used baited remote underwater video systems to compare shark abundance and diversity on coral reefs in 2 Caribbean nations with contrasting levels of shark exploitation: Belize (shark fishing) and The Bahamas (shark sanctuary). The abundance of targeted shark species and diversity were significantly higher in The Bahamas than in Belize. Caribbean reef and nurse shark abundance in Belize were best predicted by fishing-related factors (marine reserves, market gravity, their interaction). In The Bahamas, abiotic factors (depth, sea surface temperature) best predicted nurse shark abundance, while depth, market gravity, and its interaction with marine reserves predicted Caribbean reef shark abundance. These results indicate that fishing mortality reduces shark abundance and diversity in Belize, while lower fishing mortality in The Bahamas has greatly reduced but not eliminated human impacts on sharks. Future work should elucidate the indirect effects of humans to develop holistic shark conservation plans. We suggest minimizing shark fishing through multi national management plans to improve shark abundance and diversity, especially on reefs near densely populated areas.
Enhanced mechanical and antioxidant properties of biodegradable poly (lactic) acid‐poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐4‐hydroxybutyrate) film utilizing α‐tocopherol for peach storage

Poly (lactic) acid‐poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐4‐hydroxybutyrate) (PLA‐PHB) blends were prepared through melting method and incorporated with α‐tocopherol. The structural, thermal, mechanical and antioxidant properties of resulting active films were characterized, and its preservation effect on peaches (Prunus persica L.) was investigated. Results revealed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PLA film was reduced from 53.2°C to 39.7°C after addition of plasticizer but increased again to 43.3°C after supplementation with α‐tocopherol. PLA‐PHB are polyesters with carboxylic groups that interacted with the hydroxide groups of α‐tocopherol. Furthermore water vapour permeability, gas permeability and elongation at break were significantly improved, and 72.1% 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity was observed. PLA‐PHB‐α‐tocopherol group revealed higher combined water and less oxidative spoilage through low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) and effectively extended the shelf life of peach. Thus, the plasticized PLA‐PHB‐α‐tocopherol film can be used as an active biodegradable packaging for fruits and vegetables.
Automated detection of wildlife using drones: Synthesis, opportunities and constraints

Accurate detection of individual animals is integral to the management of vulnerable wildlife species, but often difficult and costly to achieve for species that occur over wide or inaccessible areas or engage in cryptic behaviours. There is a growing acceptance of the use of drones (also known as unmanned aerial vehicles, UAVs and remotely piloted aircraft systems, RPAS) to detect wildlife, largely because of the capacity for drones to rapidly cover large areas compared to ground survey methods. While drones can aid the capture of large amounts of imagery, detection requires either manual evaluation of the imagery or automated detection using machine learning algorithms. While manual evaluation of drone‐acquired imagery is possible and sometimes necessary, the powerful combination of drones with automated detection of wildlife in this imagery is much faster and, in some cases, more accurate than using human observers. Despite the great potential of this emerging approach, most attention to date has been paid to the development of algorithms, and little is known about the constraints around successful detection (P. W. J. Baxter, and G. Hamilton, 2018, Ecosphere, 9, e02194). We reviewed studies that were conducted over the last 5 years in which wildlife species were detected automatically in drone‐acquired imagery to understand how technological constraints, environmental conditions and ecological traits of target species impact detection with automated methods. From this review, we found that automated detection could be achieved for a wider range of species and under a greater variety of environmental conditions than reported in previous reviews of automated and manual detection in drone‐acquired imagery. A high probability of automated detection could be achieved efficiently using fixed‐wing platforms and RGB sensors for species that were large and occurred in open and homogeneous environments with little vegetation or variation in topography while infrared sensors and multirotor platforms were necessary to successfully detect small, elusive species in complex habitats. The insight gained in this review could allow conservation managers to use drones and machine learning algorithms more accurately and efficiently to conduct abundance data on vulnerable populations that is critical to their conservation.
Stock Market Development, Financial Deepening and Economic Growth in Africa

In this study, we employed the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag bounds test, co-integration test and granger causality test to examine the long-run and short run interrelationship among financial deepening, stock market development and economic growth for eight (8) countries in Africa using annual data for the period 1996-2019 to establish the interrelationship between Africa’s developing capital markets and the real side of their economies. While we found the series in five countries (Nigeria, Algeria, Namibia, Kenya and Mauritius) to be co-integrated; three other countries were not. The result from the granger causality test established bi-directional causality between economic growth (lnGDP) and stock market development (STMCAP/GDP) in Algeria, Namibia and Mauritius as the remaining five countries recorded only unidirectional causality from economic growth (lnGDP) to stock market development (STMCAP/GDP). Our panel analysis revealed a positive relationship between stock market development (STMCAP/GDP) and financial deepening (M2/GDP). There is a positive relationship between economic growth (lnGDP) and financial deepening (M2/GDP) for all the countries except for Eswatini and Mauritius. Further analysis of the interrelationship with economic growth (lnGDP) as dependent variable found significant and varying results for the time series across countries. However, the results from the panel regression found no significant effect from both financial deepening (M2/GDP) and stock market development (STMCAP/GDP) in Africa. To this end, we recommend swift and systematic reforms tailored towards improving the efficiency for their capital markets.
Sustainability Assessment of Intensified Forestry—Forest Bioenergy versus Forest Biodiversity Targeting Forest Birds

Intensified forestry can be seen as a solution to climate change mitigation and securing energy supply, increasing the production of forest bioenergy feedstock as a substitution for fossil fuels. However, it may come with detrimental impacts on forest biodiversity, especially related to older forests. The aim of this study was to assess the sustainability of intensified forestry from climate-energy and biodiversity perspectives, targeting forest bird species. For this purpose, we applied the Landscape simulation and Ecological Assessment (LEcA) tool to the study area of Lithuania, having high ambitions for renewables and high forest biodiversity. With LEcA, we simulated forest growth and management for 100 years with two forest management strategies: Business As Usual (BAU) and Intensive forestry (INT), the latter with the purpose to fulfil renewable energy goals. With both strategies, the biomass yields increased well above the yields of the reference year, while the biodiversity indicators related to forest bird habitat to different degrees show the opposite, with lower levels than for the reference year. Furthermore, Strategy INT resulted in small-to-no benefits in the long run concerning potential biomass harvesting, while substantially affecting the biodiversity indicators negatively. The model results have the potential to inform policy and forest management planning concerning several sustainability goals simultaneously.
Chapter 6.1 Marine record of Antarctic volcanism from drill cores

Abstract We review here data and information on Antarctic volcanism resulting from recent tephrostratigraphic investigations on marine cores. Records include deep drill cores recovered during oceanographic expeditions: DSDP, ODP and IODP drill cores recovered during ice-based and land-based international cooperative drilling programmes DVDP 15, MSSTS-1, CIROS-1 and CIROS-2, DVDP 15, CRP-1, CRP-2/2A and CRP-3, ANDRILL-MIS and ANDRILL-SMS, and shallow gravity and piston cores recovered in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic oceans. We report on the identification of visible volcaniclastic horizons and, in particular, of primary tephra within the marine sequences. Where available, the results of analyses carried out on these products are presented. The volcanic material identified differs in its nature, composition and emplacement mechanisms. It was derived from different sources on the Antarctic continent and was emplaced over a wide time span. Marine sediments contain a more complete record of the explosive activity from Antarctic volcanoes and are complementary to those obtained by land-based studies. This record provides important information for volcanological reconstructions including approximate intensities and magnitudes of eruptions, and their duration, age and recurrence, as well as their eruptive dynamics. In addition, characterized tephra layers represent an invaluable chronological tool essential in establishing correlations between different archives and in synchronizing climate records.