Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON COMMERCIAL VACCINES AGAINST E.COLI IN BROILER CHICKENS

E. coli infections in avian species have become an economic threat to the poultry industry worldwide. The objective of this study is to determine whether the immunization using commercially available living Escherichia coli vaccines as Nisseiken Avian Colibacillosis Vaccine (Nisseiken Co., Ltd., Ome, Tokyo, Japan) and O78 aroA deleted vaccine (Poulvac ® E.coli, Zoetis) are protective against APEC challenges or not. Ninety eight chicks (Arbor, Acres) of both sexes were divided into seven groups (14 birds/each); two groups were vaccinated at day 1 of age by spray route using Nisseiken Avian colibacillosis Vaccine, then one of them challenged intratracheally with homologous E.coli O78 and the other with heterologus O1 at day 14, the other two groups were vaccinated at day 1 of age by eye drop route using Poulvac ® E.coli, Zoetis vaccine then one of them challenged intratracheally with homologus E.coli O78 and the other with heterologus O1 at day 14. The other two groups were positive control (challenged, unvaccinated); one challenged with O78 and the other with O1 at day 14 using intratracheal route. The last group served as environmental control (non vaccinated, non challenged). At day 28, birds were necropised and examined to evaluate the efficacy of both of the two different vaccines. The best obtained results were recorded to the vaccinated challenged groups with the homologous and heterologous strains and vaccinated by spraying and eye drop methods which showed a decrease in organ lesion scores in comparison to the other groups (non-vaccinated, challenged broilers). These results suggest that the two different vaccines used in our study are efficient in reducing lesion scores against homologous and heterologous challenge using spray and eye drop methods that could lead to minimizing the time for treatment and cases of condemnation in processing plants.
A Modern Gauss–Markov Theorem

This paper presents finite‐sample efficiency bounds for the core econometric problem of estimation of linear regression coefficients. We show that the classical Gauss–Markov theorem can be restated omitting the unnatural restriction to linear estimators, without adding any extra conditions. Our results are lower bounds on the variances of unbiased estimators. These lower bounds correspond to the variances of the the least squares estimator and the generalized least squares estimator, depending on the assumption on the error covariances. These results show that we can drop the label “linear estimator” from the pedagogy of the Gauss–Markov theorem. Instead of referring to these estimators as BLUE, they can legitimately be called BUE (best unbiased estimators).
Prevalence of Nomophobia among Undergraduate Students from Sagaing University of Education

This study aimed to investigate prevalence of nomophobia among undergraduates from Sagaing University of Education. Moreover, this study also investigated the differences in nomophobia of undergraduate students by gender and some smartphone usage behaviours, duration of daily smartphone checking time, type of most frequently used application in smartphone and duration of daily social media usage. The quantitative research design and stratified random sampling method were used. The sample comprised 1,000 undergraduate students (504 males and 496 females) from all undergraduate classes in Sagaing University of Education. Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) developed by Yildirim and Correia (2015) was used to assess nomophobia of students. The result revealed that most of the students in Sagaing University of Education showed moderate (56.5%) and severe (35.2%) level of nomophobia. Moreover, they suffered the highest level of anxiety for not being able to communicate with important others when they can’t reach mobile phones. There were significant differences in nomophobia by duration of daily smartphone checking time, type of the most frequently used application in smartphone, and duration of daily social media usage, but no significant differences by gender. The result of this study may help undergraduate students to realize and understand their level of anxiety when they are unable to use their mobile phones, and be aware of the factors causing nomophobia. For this reason, researchers should urgently explore factors which can control the prevalence of nomophobia for better mental health of university students.
DETERMINANTS OF TOURISM DEMAND IN SARAWAK: AN AUGMENTED GRAVITY MODEL

Tourism is an important industry in Sarawak. It plays a vital role to further boost the Sarawak income and increasing its efforts to shift its economic activities from a resource-based to a service-based economy. In order to ensure its sustainable growth, this paper investigated the determinants affecting tourism demand in Sarawak from a macroeconomic perspective using annual data from 2010 through 2016. An augmented gravity model is adopted and analyzed using the static panel approach. The empirical findings reveal that the income level in origin country is negatively affecting tourism demand in Sarawak which is contributed to current literature gap. Additionally, the income level in Sarawak is positively influencing tourism demand in Sarawak, suggesting further tourism development is essential to attract more tourists to visit Sarawak. Meanwhile, higher transportation cost and tourism price will discourage tourists visit to Sarawak. Thus, the feasible strategic plans and action plans should be addressed by the Sarawak government for tourism development in long term.
Dynamic Correlation Analysis of Business Cycles of the Emerging Asian Giants: The Awakening

We compare the business cycles of China and India with those of selected OECD countries between 1992 and 2006. We find large differences for various frequencies of cyclical developments, which is consistent with the decoupling hypothesis of business cycles of these countries from development in the major OECD countries. More specifically, at business cycle frequencies correlations are typically negative. We find only a weak link between trade and dynamic correlations of economic comovements in emerging Asian countries and OECD. Finally, trade with these large Asian emerging markets lowers the degree of business cycle synchronization within the OECD area.
Expression of TNF - Α and IL - 1β Messenger RNA in Stem Cells of Normotrophic and Hypertrophic Scars

Introduction: Post-burn hypertrophic scar tissue (Hsc) is characterized by increased collagen synthesis, cellular growth (hyperplasia) and cell turnover (shedding). Its clinical characteristics (erythema, pain, dysesthesia, pruritus, elevation) exhibit aspects of chronic local inflammation, but the mechanism of its etiopathogenesis has not been clearly elucidated. In chronic skin inflammation, pro inflammatory and profibrogenic cytokines play an important role in producing skin dysfunction. In this study, we examined changes in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1 β mRNA expression and its presence in post-burn hypertrophic scars in stem cells. Results obtained in normotrophic scar tissue (Nsc) were compared to results obtained in normal skin (Ns). Materials and Methods: Skin biopsies were obtained from 15 patients with (Hsc) who presented burns on over 10% of their skin surface, more than a year post-injury. Nsc was obtained from 17 patients who experienced scarring in optimal conditions. Ns were obtained from 11 patients who underwent cosmetic or reconstructive surgery. We performed histopathology analysis with routine processing. TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA expression levels on all three types of biopsy were obtained via semi-quantitative RT-PCR, RT-qPCR, western blot and by in situ hybridization. Results: When analyzing mRNA expression levels by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and qPCR we observed higher TNF-α and IL-1β levels in post-burn hypertrophic scar tissue relative to normal skin and normotrophic scar tissue. In contrast, in situ hybridization revealed significant differences in IL-1β hybridization intensity localized in Hsc epidermis relative to Nsc and Ns epidermis. For TNF-α, expression intensity in epidermis and dermis did not differ between Ns, Nsc and Hsc. We Research Article
Prevalence and Determinants of Arterial Hypertension among Patients with Ocular Diseases in South East Nigeria

Background: Most recent studies in Nigeria have documented high prevalence of ocular diseases among adults. Several mechanisms may link hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity with ocular diseases. There are however no studies on the prevalence of arterial hypertension among the adults with ocular diseases. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and determinants of arterial hypertension among adult patients with ocular diseases and to justify the significance of routine blood pressure screening among adult patients in eye clinics. Fortune J Health Sci 2021; 4 (4): 479-490 DOI: 10.26502/fjhs.037 Fortune Journal of Health Sciences Vol. 4 No. 4 Dec 2021. 480 Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in eye clinics and community eye care out-reaches that offer primary, secondary and tertiary eye care services in Anambra State Nigeria. The primary outcome measure was the number of subjects with arterial hypertension. The pretested interviewer-administered self-administered semi-structured questionnaires were distributed amongst consenting adult patients. Data obtained were analyzed using the STATA version 16.0. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23. Statistical significance was set at p˂0.05. Results: Complete information was available for 455 (99.8%) of the subjects. The female: male ratio was 2:1 and the majority (35.41%) was between the ages of 63 and 77 years. The prevalence of arterial hypertension was 41.32% (188/455; 95% confidence interval (CI): 35.62– 47.67%). Arterial hypertension (p=0.004) and high cholesterol levels (p=0.001) were significantly higher in the urban subjects than in the rural subjects. Obesity (p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (p<0.001) and hypercholesterolemia (p=0.003) were significantly higher in the subjects with arterial hypertension than without arterial hypertension. Conclusion: The prevalence of arterial hypertension was high in Nigeria among adult patients with ocular diseases. Its prevalence and dyslipidemia were significantly higher in the urban subjects than in the rural subjects. Obesity, diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia were significantly higher in arterial hypertensives. There is a need for routine screening of arterial hypertension among subjects with ocular disorders as well as regular eye check-ups for early detection of vision threatening complications of hypertension to save vision in the population.
Effects of freezing as a post-harvest storage technique on quality of Friesian crossbred cattle milk

Twenty-five raw milk samples from Friesian crossbred dairy cows were analyzed for milk fat, protein and lactose using an ultrasonic milk analyzer. The samples were then subjected to two different freezing protocols; single freezing and multiple freezing, after which parameters were reanalyzed after freezing and thawing at different freezing times (24, 48, and 72 h). Paired t-test was used to compare the effect of freezing type while the differences in milk constituents with freezing time were analyzed using ANOVA. Linear regression analysis was also performed to study correlations between freezing duration and any change in cattle milk's macronutrient content. The results indicated that milk fat, protein and lactose content decreased significantly with freezing time. However, the decrease was more in multiple frozen samples than single frozen samples. The most decreased macronutrients were lactose (14.1%) in single freezing and fat (25.5%) in multiple freezing. Analysis of the interaction between freezing type and freezing time showed that freezing time significantly affected all the parameters while freezing type (p=0.03) and its interaction with freezing time (p=0.02) affected only the fat content. In conclusion, it should be noted that cattle milk samples frozen at -20°C leads to a significant decrease in fat, protein, and lactose content. The loss of constituents was much more pronounced when samples were frozen, thawed, and refrozen (multiple freezing) than when samples were thawed only once (single freezing). Key words: Single freezing, multiple freezing, macronutrients, dairy cattle.
PII: S0032-3861(98)00867-2

An experimental study of the strain rate and temperature dependencies of the stress–strain behavior of PET under large strain deformation was conducted over a range in strain rates ( 20.005 to 22.0 s) and temperatures (90 8C–1058C) in both uniaxial and plane strain compression. The increase in crystallinity content with varying strain rate and temperature and for the two different states of strain that developed as a result of these deformation conditions was investigated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The nature and evolution of the crystallographic texture was studied using Wide Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD) measurements. The stress–strain behavior is found to exhibit four characteristic features: (1) a relatively high initial stiffness, (2) followed by a rollover in the stress–strain curve to flow behavior, (3) followed by an increase in stress with continuing strain, (4) followed by a dramatic increase in stress with strain at very large strains. These four features strongly depend on strain rate, temperature and state of strain. DSC and WAXD measurements on deformed specimens indicated an increase in crystallinity with increasing strain rate and decreasing deformation temperature under both uniaxial and plane strain conditions. The WAXD measurements also revealed that the preferential crystallographic texture that develops is consistent with the molecular orientation which develops with the different states of strain. q 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All
A Survey on the General Awareness of Inter-Relationship between Periodontal Disease and Systemic Health among Jammu Population

Background: Recent findings have strongly suggested that oral health may be indicative of systemic health. The gap between allopathic medicine and dental medicine is quickly closing, due to significant findings supporting the association between periodontal disease and systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to assess the awareness among the general public about the inter-relationship between periodontal diseases and systemic health. Materials and methods: A questionnaire with questions including general awareness about periodontal diseases and their effects on systemic health were given to patients and were asked to select their preferred option of yes, no, and don't know. Results: The results obtained showed increased awareness among 35-50 years age group, females and postgraduates according to their category of age group, gender and education respectively. Conclusion: There is surely a strong influence of oral health on systemic well-being of a person. Hence, researchers must continue not only to uncover more information about the correlations between periodontal and systemic diseases but also to focus on positive associations that may result from treating periodontal disease as a means of ameliorating systemic diseases.
USE OF STUDENT-TEAMS-ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION (STAD) MODEL IN THE ENHANCEMENT OF THE PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN ARALING PANLIPUNAN

The students in Araling Panlipunan have experienced low performance rates as reflected in their NAT results in the past four years from 50.24% during the school year 2011-2012 to 41.70%, when compared to the results last year. To investigate the problem, the researcher incorporated a nontraditional method of teaching called Student-Teams-Achievement Division to obtain empirical evidence about its effects in the performance of the students. The researcher used quasi-experimental design with the pretest and posttest as the data gathering tools. Respondents were seventy Grade 8 students from Sections 8-18 and 8-19. Partial enumeration method was used in the selection of the respondents. To achieve reliable results, simple mean and independent t-test were used. Data analysis revealed that experimental group outscored significantly the control group showing the obvious supremacy of STAD model over traditional method of teaching. Results indicated that STAD was more effective instructional paradigm in teaching Araling Panlipunan as compared to the conventional method. Hence, the researcher recommended that the strategy shall be adopted by the school administration in the preparation of school curriculum development plan in Araling Panlipunan 8 to enhance collaborative teaching-learning process.
Environmental, social and governance disclosure associated with the firm value. Evidence from energy industry

Research Question - Is there an association between ESG factors disclosure and the firm’s value for the companies acting in energy sector? Motivation - Identifying whether a connection exists between the ESG factors disclosure and firm’s value is a current and much debated matter, with a focus on the presentation of non-financial information. The necessity of demonstrating the existence of an association is based on the inclusion of non-financial information in the company’s corporate reporting combined with financial information. Non-financial information presents the long-term prospects of a company and is focused on the value creation process, as opposed to financial information which is limited to historical data and short-term goals such as profit maximisation. In order to describe the value creation process, the company is analysed from different stakeholders’ points of view (customers, suppliers, employees, local community, government, environments activists, etc.) and the interdependencies created between the company and these stakeholders. Therefore, by choosing to present a more holistic view of a company, the management of the company may attract new capital from investors by showing that there is a positive association between ESG factors and firms’ value (Sadiq et al., 2020; Wong et al., 2020). Idea - This paper assesses the possibility of an association between ESG factors and firm’s value by developing two linear regression models. Data - The data used for the research was collected from Thomson Reuters platform based on Top 100 Global Energy Leaders established by the analysists from Thomson Reuters. Tools - The SPSS statistic program was used to apply the two research models on the data collected. Findings - The main findings of the research is that there is an association between ESG factors disclosure and firm’s value, and based on the type of the connection (positive or negative), companies may include aspects regarding non-financial information, namely ESG factors, which could attract new capital. Contribution - This paper contributes to the previous research conducted on the disclosure of ESG factors and its influence on firm’s value by showing that there is an association between ESG factors disclosure and the value of the company. The evidence obtained based on the two research models applied to the dataset may persuade the management of the companies to include non-financial information in their corporate reporting.
Professional Skills and Competencies of the Future Police Officers

The article examines the level of professional skills and competencies of the future police officers during training according to experimental methodology. The methodology implies using specially developed situational tasks aimed at the formation of professional skills and competencies of future patrol police officers. The police officers of the National Academy of Internal Affairs (Kyiv, Ukraine) who attended the course of the initial professional training participated in the study. An experimental (EG) and control (CG) groups were formed. The research determined the EG officers to have a significantly better level of professional skills in comparison to the CG officers. A high level of professional skills will contribute to the improvement of the efficiency of the activity of future patrol police officers.
GREGOR BOEHL, FELIX STROBEL US Business Cycle Dynamics at the Zero Lower Bound Institute for Monetary and Financial Stability

Using a nonlinear Bayesian likelihood approach that fully accounts for the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates, we analyze US post-crisis business cycle dynamics and provide reference parameter estimates. Contradicting the gist of the literature, we find that neither the inclusion of financial frictions nor that of household heterogeneity improve the empirical fit of the standard model, or its ability to provide a joint explanation for the post-2007 dynamics. Associated financial shocks mis-predict an increase in consumption. The common practice of omitting the ZLB period in the estimation severely distorts the analysis of the more recent economic dynamics.
Response of anthurium (Anthurium andreanum L.) to gibberellic acid and bio-fertilizer on growth and yield performance under soilless culture

A field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Department of Horticulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during the period of 2017-18 to evaluate the growth and flowering attributes of Anthurium under influence of GA3 and bio-fertilizer (Azospirillum). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The treatments were T1 (19 all, It is a recommended fertilizer and it contains balanced nutrients NPK in a ratio of 19:19:19), T2 (19 all + Azospirillum), T3 (19 all + Azospirillum + 100 ppm GA3), T4 (19 all + Azospirillum + 150 ppm GA3), T5 (19 all + Azospirillum + 200 ppm GA3), T6 (19 all + Azospirillum + 250 ppm GA3),T7 (19 all + 100 ppm GA3),T8 (19 all + 150 ppm GA3),T9 (19 all + 200 ppm GA3),T10 (19 all + 250 ppm GA3). Data analysis over the period of experiment revealed that the highest plant height (42.78 cm), highest number of leaves (9), highest leaf length (32.26 cm), highest leaf breadth (20.23 cm), highest leaf area (309.37 cm), highest plant spread (29.23 cm) were found in treatment T3 which is followed by T7. Among flower parameters highest number of flower per plant (14.33) was recorded in the treatment T3. This trend was reflected in spathe length (18.98cm), spathe breadth (13.43cm) and flower stalk length (42.27cm) for T3. The highest self-life of spathe (52.20 days) and highest vase life of spathe (32.20 days) were recorded in treatment T3. The study led to the conclusion that maximum growth parameters and flowering attributes of Anthurium could be achieved by application of treatment T3.