Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding interactions between two wheelers (TW) and car drivers in a driving simulator

Bicycle and motorcycle (collectively called two-wheelers - TWs) riders comprise about half of the ACT residents hospitalised as a result of land transport injuries. Most of the serious injuries to bicycle riders and, to a lesser extent, motorcycle riders result from collisions with motor vehicles. In the majority of cases, the TWs are not at fault in these crashes. The overall aim of this project was to better understand the road safety risks occurring during interactions between passenger vehicles and TWs from the driverrs viewpoint. The research used a mix of questionnaires and driving simulation to examine the effects of previous experience as a TW rider on driver attitudes, self-reported behaviours and simulated driving behaviour, and the perceptual aspects involved in drivers detecting TWs.
Association of timed up and go test outcomes with future incidence of cardiovascular disease and mortality in adults aged 66 years: a national representative longitudinal study

Background The timed up and go test (TUG) is one of the most widely used tests of mobility. We aimed to examine whether the TUG is associated with cardiovascular (CV) events, CV mortality, and all-cause mortality.Methods Subjects in the senior cohort database of the Korean National Health Insurance Service (2002–2013) who completed the TUG as part of the National Screening Program for Transitional Ages (NSPTA) during 2007–2008 were identified. An abnormal TUG result was defined as a time ≥10 seconds. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the associations between TUG results and CV events, CV mortality, and all-cause mortality.Results The mean follow-up period was 5.7 years. Incidence rates of CV events in the normal and abnormal TUG groups were 7.93 and 8.98 per 1,000 person-years, while CV mortality rates were 0.96 and 1.51 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. In a fully adjusted model, we found that abnormal TUG results were not associated with the incidences of CV events and CV mortality. However, abnormal TUG results (>10 sec) resulted in a 2.9-fold increase in CV mortality in women (adjusted hazard ratio 2.90, 95% confidence interval 1.15 – 7.30). Further, participants lacking certain CV risk factors, such as current cigarette smoking, obesity, or diabetes, had a higher CV mortality rate when TUG results were abnormal.Conclusions Abnormal TUG results in subjects aged 66 years were associated with future CV mortality in women and in subjects without obesity, diabetes, or cigarette smoking.
Direct and inverse design of microstructured optical fibres

Microstructured optical fibres, where an arrangement of air holes running longitudinally along the fibre guides light in either a solid or a hollow core, have created new opportunities in diverse areas of science and technology. Applications range from the generation of supercontinuum light to optical sensing, nonlinear telecom devices and the generation and delivery of extremely high optical powers. Photonic bandgap fibres, allowing light guidance in a hollow core, are also extensively studied. The main issues preventing accurate simulations of the properties of fabricated fibres are identified and addressed. An ideal, accurate representation of a realistic fibre is then proposed and employed to obtain fundamental scaling rules and to study the interactions between air guided and surface guided modes. Anticrossings between these modes in slightly asymmetric structures are identified as the cause for the unusual polarisation effects experimentally observed in these fibres. And finally, guidelines for fabricating fibres with the widest possible operational bandwidth possible are developed and presented.
Twenty Lessons in Environmental Sociology

1. An Introduction to Environmental Sociology, Kenneth Gould and Tammy Lewis PART 1: THEORY 2. The Social Construction of Nature: Of Computers, Butterflies, Dog and Trucks, Stella Capek 3. Theories in Environmental Sociology, Luis Barbosa PART 2: SYSTEMIC CAUSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL DISRUPTION 4. The State and Policy: Imperialism, Exclusion, and Ecological Violence as State Policy, David Pellow 5. Labor Productivity, Allan Schnaiberg 6. Corporate Power: The Role of the Global Media in Shaping What We Know About the Environment, Elizabeth Campbell 7. The Science of Nature and the Nature of Science, Richard York 8. Technological Change and the Environment, Kenneth Gould 9. Population, Demography, and the Environment, Diane Bates PART 3: SOME SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL DISRUPTION 10. Environmental Inequality and Environmental Justice, Michael Mascarenhas 11. Environmental Health, Sabrina McCormick 12. From Farms to Factories: The Environmental Consequences of Swine Industrialization, Bob Edwards and Adam Driscoll 13. Understanding Disaster Vulnerability: Floods and Hurricanes, Nicole Youngman 14. Climate Change: Why the Old Approaches Aren't Working, Timmons Roberts PART 4: SOME SOCIAL RESPONSES TO ENVIRONMENTAL DISRUPTION 15. U.S. Environmental Movements, Robert Brulle 16. Labor and the Environment, Brian Obach 17. Environmental Movements and The Global South, Tammy Lewis 18. Indigenous Cultures: Environmental Knowledge, Practice, and Rights, Bahram Tavakolian 19. Sustainable Development, Kenneth Gould and Tammy Lewis 20. Conclusion: Unanswered Questions and the Future of Environmental Sociology, Kenneth Gould and Tammy Lewis
Challenges Faced by Emergency Physicians in China: An Observation From the Perspective of Burnout

Background: Burnout is considered a global problem, particularly in the emergency health sector; however, no large-sample cross-sectional study has assessed the prevalence of burnout among emergency physicians and its associated factors. Methods: A nationally representative cross-sectional survey of 15,243 emergency physicians was conducted in 31 provinces across China between July and September 2019. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify correlates of burnout. Results: The participants' mean scores were 25.8 (SD = 15.9) on the emotional exhaustion (EE) subscale, 8.1 (SD = 7.9) on the depersonalization (DP) subscale, and 26.80 (SD = 12.5) on the personal accomplishment (PA) subscale, indicating a pattern of moderate EE, moderate DP, and high PA. The results of the large-sample survey found that 14.9% of emergency physicians had a high level of burnout in China, with 46.8% scoring high for EE, 24.1% scoring high for DP, and 60.5% having a high risk of low PA. Having poor self-perceived health status and sleep quality, working in developed regions and governmental hospitals, having an intermediate professional title, experiencing depression, performing shift work and experiencing workplace violence made emergency physicians more likely to experience occupational burnout. Conclusion: Positive measures should be taken to reduce the burnout of emergency physicians and improve their work enthusiasm to maintain the quality of emergency medical services.
MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENTS IN RELATION TO GEOMETRIC AND TRAFFIC FEATURES OF HIGHWAY INTERSECTIONS: VOLUME II-RESEARCH REPORT

This volume is the second of a three-volume final report that describes the relationships between intersection geometry and traffic and the motor-vehicle accident rates for goups of intersections sharing common design features. Detailed multidisciplinary investigations of a sample of accidents were studied. Volume II presents the details for the study area, sampling technique and data-collection methods, analysis methods and data processing, study results, and conclusions and recommendations. Volume I is an Executive Summary for managers, and Volume III contains supporting data in the form of Appendixes. A relatively detailed on-scene inventory of the geometry, design characteristics, and traffic counts at 558 intersections coupled with police reports of the 4372 accidents that occurred there during the past three years were used in the analysis. Forty-one accidents were investigated by a multidisciplinary team to provide causal factor evidence and to evaluate the effects of federal safety standards on intersection accident incidence and severity. The following six intersection design features were demonstrably accident related: (1) sight-distance obstruction, (2) street-name signs, (3) use of left-turn storage lanes, (4) use of raised marker delineation, (5) bus -loading zones and routing and (6) multiphase signilization. Accident countermeasures based on the influence of these six factors are recommended.
Serviceability Design of Granular Pavement Materials

The Road authority specifications for unbound granular materials (UGMs) do not typically include a direct measure of resistance to rutting caused by repeated loading yet. These specifications can preclude the use of locally available aggregates or recycled materials that may provide adequate performance (resistance to rutting). As an alternative or compliment to current UGM assessment methods via specifications, a serviceability design method is proposed that utilises results from tests in the repeated load tri-axial (RLT) apparatus. Permanent strain behaviour at a range of stress conditions of four unbound granular materials (UGM) were assessed in the RLT apparatus. Behaviour was categorised into 3 possible ranges A, B or C, where A is a stable response and C is incremental collapse while B is intermediate. From this data, test stresses near or at the boundary of range A and B were determined to define a serviceability limit line stress boundary in p (mean normal stress)-q (principle stress difference) stress space. The serviceability limit line was applied as a yield criteria in a finite element model of a pavement to predict whether or not stable (Range A) behaviour occurs in the UGM for a range of asphalt cover thicknesses. For the covering abstract see ITRD E118503.
RESULTS OF THE BELGIAN DRINK DRIVING ROADSIDE SURVEY

In September, October, and November 2000, the Belgian Road Safety Institute (IBSR) organised, for the second time, a roadside survey to estimate the proportion of drink drivers in Belgium and their profile. The objective is to repeat this roadside survey every two years, so that it becomes possible to discern a trend and to offer guidance to all players in the field of traffic safety in their decisions regarding the problem of drink driving. In co-operation with police forces, about 10,000 drivers were randomly stopped nation-wide and were asked to take an alcohol breath test. In addition, a short questionnaire was completed. The proportion of drink drivers was calculated and a logit analysis provided insight into the profile of the drink driver. The results indicate that drink driving is without any doubt a problematical issue in Belgium. Therefore we advocate an integrated approach towards the problem of drink driving, with attention for the problem groups as indicated by relative numbers as well as for the problem groups as indicated by absolute numbers. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference, see ITRD Abstract No. E201067.
Information quality and diverse information systems situations

Information quality is a recurring problem that many organisations contend with. Despite investment in both technology, and the renement of information systems, the problem persists. Information systems deployment has; in recent years undergone radical change; the traditional deployment where the architecture, user and access device were known at the time of development, have been replaced by more diverse situations. These diverse situations include web interfaces, traditional client server and a mobile devices revolution. The aim of our research is to improve information quality assessment by catering for diverse information systems situations by the design and construction of a method. Several information quality frameworks have been developed to cater for these new and evolving information systems. The expansion of frameworks across a large number of domains presents problems with respect to: framework choice, appropriateness, validity and users perceptions of information quality. Through the application of gap analysis techniques, experiments and domain expertise the method has the potential to provide additional knowledge for information systems' stakeholders. Our method contributes to information quality as a eld of research by allowing for renement of the application of information quality frameworks for diverse information systems situations and also provides the basis for consolidation of information quality frameworks.
The effect of Price and Brand Image on Purchase Decisions and their Implications on Consumer Satisfactory of Ebara Pump Products in Jabodetabek

This research study highlights the role of purchase decisions in mediating price and brand image towards the customer satisfaction for Ebara pump. The population of this research is Ebara customers. The sample is taken using the purposive sampling method, consisting of 135 respondents. The research used a quantitative analysis approach. The data analysis methods using partial modelling with partial least squares determine how much independent variables affect the dependent variables. Research shows that the model influence on purchasing decisions is moderate and on customer satisfaction is strong, predictive capabilities are excellent, and the model performance between a structural model and a measuring model is fit. The hypothetical tests result in conclusions that there is a variable effect of brand image on purchase decisions, and the price perception affects the purchase decision. The brand image and price perception affect the customer's satisfaction. Indirectly, brand image and price affect customer satisfaction through purchase decisions.
Framework for the integration of the project delivery team

The challenge to the construction industry in the United Kingdom (UK) to improve its performance in the delivery of projects to levels more acceptable to clients continues to receive attention from both industry and academia. This is because recommendations of past industry reports and research have not been able to address the fragmented approach to project delivery, often cited as the primary cause of the industry's poor performance, and the resulting unreliable delivery times and cost overruns. Effective integration of the delivery team could improve team cultures and attitudes, and encourage the collaborative working necessary for improved project delivery performance. This research aims to develop a framework for improving the integration of the project delivery team necessary for a more effective teamwork environment. The thesis begins with a review of the literature on project delivery and the concepts of team, teamwork and integration for performance improvement in multi-disciplinary environments. It explores, through interviews, how leading construction project managers have engendered and managed the integration of teams in large projects. A framework of working practices for improving the integration is developed from three live case studies. The framework is validated through industry-based workshops. Exploratory interviews, conducted in the first phase of the research process provided empirical evidence of how integration could act as a means of improving teamwork. The results highlighted that parties that make up the delivery team operated within organisationally defined boundaries but acknowledged that working together would yield better results. The extent of their integration was influenced by team practices and the procurement approach. The Design and Build system provided the most conducive environment for team integration. Case studies, conducted in the second phase of the research, concluded that integration was more effective within individual organisations and was influenced within the project delivery team by its structure and processes, work environment and culture. These issues had received attention individually, but this research established that they were interrelated. It proposes the comprehensive and structured approach to ensure effective integration. The framework developed within the research provides project leaders with a holistic and structured approach for achieving efficient teamwork through the appropriate integration of the project delivery team throughout the construction period. Such knowledge is necessary for achieving any meaningful improvements in how the project delivery team works together as a single unit.
Development of bundled reinforcing steel

In the construction of reinforced concrete structures, it is sometimes advantageous or even necessary to place reinforcement in bundles. Bundling may be required because of restrictions on member dimensions. Bundling of bars may result in narrower, more graceful members, or allow for easier placement and vibration of concrete. Current codes and design recommendations allow as many as four bars to be placed in a group or bundle. There are provisions for increasing development length based on the size of the bundle, but in general there is little guidance to aid the designer using bar bundles. The objective of this study was to provide an understanding of the bond mechanics of bundles, and to provide test data for improving development and detailing requirements for bundled bars. Tests were conducted on two, three, and four bar bundles in an effort to understand behavior and evaluate existing codes and specifications. Analysis of a spectrum of bundle sizes provided a broad foundation for the investigation of behavior. It also aided in identifying those parameters that have the greatest influence on bond strength. Tests included in the program on individual bars having an area equivalent to the two- and four-bar bundles were to test the concept of an "equivalent bar". The equivalent diameter has been introduced in codes for use in calculations for spacing cover based on bar diameter.
Predicting driver's hypovigilance on monotonous roads: literature review.

Drivers' ability to react to unpredictable events deteriorates when exposed to highly predictable and uneventful driving tasks. Particularly, highway design reduces the driving task mainly to a lane-keeping one. It contributes to hypovigilance and road crashes as drivers are often not aware that their driving behaviour is impaired. Monotony increases fatigue, however, the fatigue community has mainly focused on endogenous factors leading to fatigue such as sleep deprivation. This paper focuses on the exogenous factor monotony which contributes to hypovigilance. Objective measurements of the effects of monotonous driving conditions on the driver and the vehicle's dynamics is systematically reviewed with the aim of justifying the relevance of the need for a mathematical framework that could predict hypovigilance in real-time. Although electroencephalography (EEG) is one of the most reliable measures of vigilance, it is obtrusive. This suggests to predict from observable variables the time when the driver is hypovigilant. Outlined is a vision for future research in the modelling of driver vigilance decrement due to monotonous driving conditions. A mathematical model for predicting drivers’ hypovigilance using information like lane positioning, steering wheel movements and eye blinks is provided. Such a modelling of driver vigilance should enable the future development of an in-vehicle device that detects driver hypovigilance in advance, thus offering the potential to enhance road safety and prevent road crashes.
THEORY AND EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF A SURFACE PANEL METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF CAVITATING PROPELLERS IN STEADY FLOW

In this paper the authors present the analytical formulation and the numerical implementation of a surface panel method for the analysis of the potential flow around a cavitating propeller. The method is the development of two existing programs that solved for the potential flow respectively around a non cavitating propeller and a partially cavitating two dimensional profile. As a first approach to the problem, the analysis was limited to the steady condition and attention was focused on the experimental validation of the method. The comparison between the calculation and the measurement carried out in a cavitation tunnel is promising and suggests the idea of the extension of the method to the most general case of a cavitating propeller working in a ship wake.
A 50 KM/H DEFAULT URBAN SPEED LIMIT FOR AUSTRALIA?

The National Road Transport Commission commissioned MUARC to prepare an evaluation report assessing the national impacts (costs and benefits) of reducing urban speed limits as part of a proposal to allow national reconsideration of a 50 km/h default urban speed limit in the Australian Road Rules. This paper reviews available data from each of the separate Australian trials and proposals to reduce speed limits below the national default of 60 km/h on local urban roads. Based on these data, estimates of the national impacts of lower speed limits on urban local roads have been developed in terms of costs and benefits, road safety and community impacts of lower local speed limits. Estimates of the national impacts of extending lower speed limits to urban collector and arterial roads currently controlled by the default urban speed limit are also presented. The paper identifies and assesses options for the way in which lower speed limits are implemented, based on the range of approaches taken in the separate trials and proposals in individual jurisdictions. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E206143.
SEAKEEPING ASSESSMENT AND CRITERIA OF NAVAL COMBATANT SWATH VEHICLES

As part of its research programme on civil and military SWATH ships, CETENA has developed a simple algorithm for estimating, at an early design stage, the seakeeping performance of alternative SWATH warship designs. The algorithm has time-saving advantages, compared with more accurate methods, which should justify its adoption, and it is particularly suitable for incorporating in a "concept exploration model" . The authors describe the basis and development of the algorithm, discuss its capabilities, and present an example in which the method is used to assess the seakeeping characteristics of a 2500-ton SWATH frigate for comparison with those of a conventional frigate of equivalent size .
IMPROVING TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM RELIABILITY: A FRAMEWORK

This paper describes a theoretical framework for the analysis of the reliability of a transportation system, to minimise the socio-economic impactsof system degradation. The framework is based upon reliability engineering concepts and techniques in widespread use in the design and management of telecommunication and computer networks. It is argued that with the increasing importance of reliability in transport, these concepts and techniques should, after appropriate modification, be applied to the design and management of transportation systems. The paper describes a mathematical model, which allows for varying levels of system degradation and enables assessment of a wide range of management options, both preventive and remedial. The model, which is based on both traffic and market equilibrium principles, has a unique solution. Also described is a reliability model andalgorithm for obtaining an interval estimate of the reliability of a transportation system. The data requirement for application of the model is slightly more than for strategic transportation planning. A sensitivity analysis technique for identifying the critical components in a transportation system, to guide data collection and the design of measures to improve transportation system reliability, is also described. (a) For the covering abstract of this conference see IRRD abstract no. 861222.