Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust Multicast Beamforming for Spectrum Sharing-Based Cognitive Radios

We consider a robust downlink beamforming optimization problem for secondary multicast transmission in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) spectrum sharing cognitive radio (CR) network. The minimization of transmit power is formulated subject to both quality-of-service (QoS) constraints on the secondary receivers and interference temperature constraints on the primary users, under the assumption of imperfect channel state information (CSI). The problem is a nonconvex quadratically constrained quadratic program (QCQP), and in general it is hard to achieve the global optimality. As a compromise, we present two randomized approximation algorithms for the problem via convex optimization techniques. Apart from the general setting of the robust beamforming problem, we identify one interesting special case, the robust problem of which can be solved efficiently. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance gains of the proposed algorithms over an existing robust design.
Fairing of non-manifolds for visualization

The concept of fairing applied to irregular triangular meshes has become more and more important. Previous contributions constructed better fairing operators, and applied them both to multiresolution editing tools and to multiresolution representations of meshes. The authors generalize these powerful techniques to handle non-manifold models. Our framework computes a multilevel fairing of models by fairing both the two-manifold surfaces that define the model, the so-called two-features, and all the boundary and intersection curves of the model, the so-called one-features. In addition we introduce two extensions that can be used in our framework as well as in manifold fairing concepts: an exact local volume preservation strategy and a method for feature preservation. Our framework works with any of the manifold fairing operators for meshes.
Recent Achievements in Off-line Handwriting Recognition Systems

This paper reviews the current state of the art in handwriting recognition research. The paper deals with issues such as hand-printed character and cursive handwritten word recognition. It describes recent achievements, difficulties, successes and challenges in all aspects of handwriting recognition. It also presents a new approach which dramatically improves current handwriting recognition systems. Some experimental results are included.
Mapping near-real-time power outages from social media

ABSTRACT Social media, including Twitter, has become an important source for disaster response. Yet most studies focus on a very limited amount of geotagged data (approximately 1% of all tweets) while discarding a rich body of data that contains location expressions in text. Location information is crucial to understanding the impact of disasters, including where damage has occurred and where the people who need help are situated. In this paper, we propose a novel two-stage machine learning- and deep learning-based framework for power outage detection from Twitter. First, we apply a probabilistic classification model using bag-of-ngrams features to find true power outage tweets. Second, we implement a new deep learning method–bidirectional long short-term memory networks–to extract outage locations from text. Results show a promising classification accuracy (86%) in identifying true power outage tweets, and approximately 20 times more usable tweets can be located compared with simply relying on geotagged tweets. The method of identifying location names used in this paper does not require language- or domain-specific external resources such as gazetteers or handcrafted features, so it can be extended to other situational awareness analyzes and new applications.
The effectiveness study of various music information retrieval approaches

In this paper, we describe the Ultima project which aims to construct a platform for evaluating various approaches of music information retrieval. Two kinds of approaches are adopted in this project. These approaches differ in various aspects, such as representations of music objects, index structures, and approximate query processing strategies. For a fair comparison, we propose a measurement of the retrieval effectiveness by recall-precision curves with a scaling factor adjustment. Finally, the performance study of the retrieval effectiveness based on various factors of these approaches is presented.
Cluster Renewal : complex Processes in Two Agricultural Engineering Clusters of North-Western Germany

The question on how regional clusters renew themselves and start a new cycle of prosperity is of vital interest for the affected companies, politicians and regions. Recently, the idea of renewing clusters has been conceptualised within the literature on cluster life cycles (CLC). CLC approaches generally assume that cluster renewal is widely driven cluster-internally through agent capability building processes and the systemic utilisation of novelty. Critique from other authors highlights the neglected role of the external environment in the CLC literature and suggests an interactive relationship of the cluster with it. This article sheds light on renewal processes in two agricultural engineering clusters in north-western Germany. It is shown that in the case of a farm trailer cluster renewal can be widely explained cluster-internally, while in the case of a stable technology cluster that diversified into the field of biogas technology, internal factors played a less significant role and much of the development was driven externally by political decisions on the national level. A possible explanation lies in the differences in the stage of the novel technologies’ development. Thus, the assumptions from the CLC literature do only draw a limited picture of cluster development and renewal and more punctuated and enhanced CLC concept should better incorporate the role of the cluster’s external environment.
Old gene duplication facilitates origin and diversification of an innovative communication system—twice

The genetic basis of parallel innovation remains poorly understood due to the rarity of independent origins of the same complex trait among model organisms. We focus on two groups of teleost fishes that independently gained myogenic electric organs underlying electrical communication. Earlier work suggested that a voltage-gated sodium channel gene (Scn4aa), which arose by whole-genome duplication, was neofunctionalized for expression in electric organ and subsequently experienced strong positive selection. However, it was not possible to determine if these changes were temporally linked to the independent origins of myogenic electric organs in both lineages. Here, we test predictions of such a relationship. We show that Scn4aa co-option and rapid sequence evolution were tightly coupled to the two origins of electric organ, providing strong evidence that Scn4aa contributed to parallel innovations underlying the evolutionary diversification of each electric fish group. Independent evolution of electric organs and Scn4aa co-option occurred more than 100 million years following the origin of Scn4aa by duplication. During subsequent diversification of the electrical communication channels, amino acid substitutions in both groups occurred in the same regions of the sodium channel that likely contribute to electric signal variation. Thus, the phenotypic similarities between independent electric fish groups are also associated with striking parallelism at genetic and molecular levels. Our results show that gene duplication can contribute to remarkably similar innovations in repeatable ways even after long waiting periods between gene duplication and the origins of novelty.
Quantifying the lag time to detect barriers in landscape genetics

Understanding how spatial genetic patterns respond to landscape change is crucial for advancing the emerging field of landscape genetics. We quantified the number of generations for new landscape barrier signatures to become detectable and for old signatures to disappear after barrier removal. We used spatially explicit, individual‐based simulations to examine the ability of an individual‐based statistic [Mantel’s r using the proportion of shared alleles’ statistic (Dps)] and population‐based statistic (FST) to detect barriers. We simulated a range of movement strategies including nearest neighbour dispersal, long‐distance dispersal and panmixia. The lag time for the signal of a new barrier to become established is short using Mantel’s r (1–15 generations). FST required approximately 200 generations to reach 50% of its equilibrium maximum, although G’ST performed much like Mantel’s r. In strong contrast, FST and Mantel’s r perform similarly following the removal of a barrier formerly dividing a population. Also, given neighbour mating and very short‐distance dispersal strategies, historical discontinuities from more than 100 generations ago might still be detectable with either method. This suggests that historical events and landscapes could have long‐term effects that confound inferences about the impacts of current landscape features on gene flow for species with very little long‐distance dispersal. Nonetheless, populations of organisms with relatively large dispersal distances will lose the signal of a former barrier within less than 15 generations, suggesting that individual‐based landscape genetic approaches can improve our ability to measure effects of existing landscape features on genetic structure and connectivity.
Developmental Human-Robot Imitation Learning of Drawing with a Neuro Dynamical System

This paper mainly deals with robot developmental learning on drawing and discusses the influences of physical embodiment to the task. Humans are said to develop their drawing skills through five phases: 1) Scribbling, 2) Fortuitous Realism, 3) Failed Realism, 4) Intellectual Realism, 5) Visual Realism. We implement phases 1) and 3) into the humanoid robot NAO, holding a pen, using a neuro dynamical model, namely Multiple Timescales Recurrent Neural Network (MTRNN). For phase 1), we used random arm motion of the robot as body babbling to associate motor dynamics with pen position dynamics. For phase 3), we developed incremental imitation learning to imitate and develop the robot's drawing skill using basic shapes: circle, triangle, and rectangle. We confirmed two notable features from the experiment. First, the drawing was better performed for shapes requiring arm motions used in babbling. Second, performance of clockwise drawing of circle was good from beginning, which is a similar phenomenon that can be observed in human development. The results imply the capability of the model to create a developmental robot relating to human development.
Towards an alternative GPS sensor in dense urban environment from visual memory

In this paper we present a method for computing the localization of a mobile robot with reference to a learning video sequence. The robot is first guided on a path by a human, while the camera records a monocular learning sequence. Then the computer builds a map of the environment. This is done by first extracting key frames from the learning sequence. Then the epipolar geometry and camera motion are computed between key frames. Additionally, a hierachical bundle adjustment is used to refine the reconstruction. The map stored for the localization include the position odf the camera associated with each key frame as well as a set of interest points detected in the images and reconstructed in 3D. Using this map it is possible to compute the localization of the robot in real time during the automatic driving phase.
Topological Analysis of High–resolution Cmb Maps A

We report the development of numerical tools for the topological analysis of sub–degree resolution , all–sky maps. Software to be released in the HEALFAST (V0.9) package defines neighbour relationships for the HEALPIX tessellation of the sphere. We apply this routine to a fast extrema search which scales strictly linearly in the number of pixels, Np. We also present a highly efficient algorithm for simulating the gradient vector and curvature tensor fields " on–the–fly " with the temperature map, needing only of order Np log 2 Np more operations .
Matching Using Sufficient Dimension Reduction for Causal Inference

ABSTRACT To estimate causal treatment effects, we propose a new matching approach based on the reduced covariates obtained from sufficient dimension reduction. Compared with the original covariates and the propensity score, which are commonly used for matching in the literature, the reduced covariates are nonparametrically estimable and are effective in imputing the missing potential outcomes, under a mild assumption on the low-dimensional structure of the data. Under the ignorability assumption, the consistency of the proposed approach requires a weaker common support condition. In addition, researchers are allowed to employ different reduced covariates to find matched subjects for different treatment groups. We develop relevant asymptotic results and conduct simulation studies as well as real data analysis to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed approach.
Action research on own practice

Scand J Prim Health Care 2003;21:77-82. ISSN 0281-3432. Objective r - r Using experiences from a study on clinical communication, the objective was to clarify the methodological challenges that general practitioners are faced with when researching their own practice. Design r - r A case study of the methodological challenges of an action research project in which the researcher is both participating observer and observing participator. The material comprised notes and transcripts from audiotapes, and was investigated with a view to highlighting experiences that might facilitate the research process. Setting r - r The practice of the author. Subjects r - r 36 consultations with 16 patients during which the illness diary method was applied. Results r - r The challenges of the project are presented as turning-point stories, i.e. stories demonstrating relations, perspective shifts and metapositions. Perspective shifts were established by introspection through dialogues with oneself, and by relation to helpers through dialogues with patients and supervisors. Reflexivity was promoted by combining pictures from different perspectives. Conclusion r - r It is possible and sensible to study oneself in interaction. The information gained from carefully designed research in one's own practice could be an underestimated source of valuable knowledge about the personal and existential aspects of clinical medicine.
GoDaCen : Optimizing Gossip for Use in Datacenters

Gossip, protocols have emerged to serve as building blocks to applications with high reliability requirements. However, a generic gossip solution may not be sufficient to ensure competitive performance in specific topologies such as in datacenter networks. This work addresses the problem of optimizing gossip-based protocols for use in datacenters. It starts by making a survey of different techniques that have been proposed to exploit the topology of the underlying network when optimizing the operation of gossip protocols. Then the topology of datacenter networks is studied and abstracted. Based on this analysis, the report discusses why existing gossip optimization techniques may provide unsatisfactory results when running on datacenter networks and identifies some directions of research to improve the state-of-art in this respect.
Ligand‐dependent nucleo‐cytoplasmic shuttling of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors, 
PPARα
 and 
PPARγ

Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptors (PPARs) play important roles in diverse biological processes including metabolisms of sugars and lipids and differentiation of cells such as adipocytes. PPARs are transcription factors belonging to the ligand‐dependent hormone receptor group. To function as transcription factors, PPARs translocate into nucleus where they associate with transcription apparatus. However, mechanisms underlying nuclear transport of PPARs remain enigmatic. We show here that PPARα and PPARγ dynamically shuttle between nucleus and cytoplasm, although they constitutively and predominantly appear in nucleus. With a series of truncation mutants, we identify that PPAR nuclear transport is mediated by at least two nuclear localization signals (NLSs) in DNA‐binding domain (DBD)–hinge and activation function 1 (AF1) regions and their respective receptors including importinα/β, importin 7, and an unidentified receptor. PPARs also harbor two nuclear export signals in DBD and ligand‐binding domain regions that are recognized by distinct export receptors, calreticulin and CRM1. Moreover, we show that nuclear–cytoplasmic shuttling of PPARs is regulated by respective PPAR ligands and Ca2+ concentration. Taken together, we suggest that the multiple pathways for the nuclear–cytoplasmic transport of PPARs regulate the biological functions of PPARs in response to external signals.
Rotational Spectra of the Isotopic Species of Chloroform: Experimental and Ab Initio Structures.

The millimeter-wave spectra of three different samples of chloroform (CHCl3, CDCl3, and 13CHCl3) have been measured between 145 and 470 GHz which corresponds to J values between 22 and 70. We report accurate rotational and centrifugal distortion constants for the ground vibrational states of 11 isotopic species. The experimental ro, rs, rIepsilon, rrhom, and rz structures have been determined using the determined rotational constants. The structure has also been calculated ab initio at the SCF, MP2, RQCISD, and B3LYP levels using triple zeta polarized basis sets. The experimental results are found in excellent agreement with the ab initio predictions. An approximate equilibrium structure has been obtained by combining the experimental results and the ab initio calculations: re(C-H) = 1.080 (2) Å, re(C-Cl) = 1.760 (2) Å, and anglee(HCCl) = 108.23 (2) degrees. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.
The Connected Scatterplot for Presenting Paired Time Series

The connected scatterplot visualizes two related time series in a scatterplot and connects the points with a line in temporal sequence. News media are increasingly using this technique to present data under the intuition that it is understandable and engaging. To explore these intuitions, we (1) describe how paired time series relationships appear in a connected scatterplot, (2) qualitatively evaluate how well people understand trends depicted in this format, (3) quantitatively measure the types and frequency of misinter pretations, and (4) empirically evaluate whether viewers will preferentially view graphs in this format over the more traditional format. The results suggest that low-complexity connected scatterplots can be understood with little explanation, and that viewers are biased towards inspecting connected scatterplots over the more traditional format. We also describe misinterpretations of connected scatterplots and propose further research into mitigating these mistakes for viewers unfamiliar with the technique.
Antiviral CD4+ memory T cells are IL-15 dependent

Survival and intermittent proliferation of memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells appear to be controlled by different homeostatic mechanisms. In particular, contact with interleukin (IL)-15 has a decisive influence on memory CD8+ cells, but not memory CD4+ cells. Past studies of memory CD4+ cells have relied heavily on the use of naturally occurring memory phenotype (MP) cells as a surrogate for antigen (Ag)-specific memory cells. However, we show here that MP CD4+ cells contain a prominent subset of rapidly proliferating major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II–dependent cells. In contrast, Ag-specific memory CD4 cells have a slow turnover rate and are MHC II independent. In irradiated hosts, these latter cells ignore IL-15 and expand in response to the elevated levels of IL-7 in the lymphopenic hosts. In contrast, in normal nonlymphopenic hosts where IL-7 levels are low, memory CD4 cells are heavily dependent on IL-15. Significantly, memory CD4+ responsiveness to endogenous IL-15 reflects marked competition from other cells, especially CD8+ and natural killer cells, and increases considerably after removal of these cells. Therefore, under normal physiological conditions, homeostasis of CD8+ and CD4+ memory cells is quite similar and involves IL-15 and IL-7.
The Effects of Difumarate Salt S-15176 after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Objective In the present study we analyzed neuroprotective and antiapoptotic effect of the difumarate salt S-15176, as an anti-ischemic, an antioxidant and a stabilizer of mitochondrial membrane in secondary damage following spinal cord injury (SCI) in a rat model. Methods Three groups were performed with 30 Wistar rats; control (1), trauma (2), and a trauma+S-15176 (10 mg/kg i.p., dimethyl sulfoxide) treatment (3). SCI was performed at the thoracic level using the weight-drop technique. Spinal cord tissues were collected following intracardiac perfusion in 3rd and 7th days of posttrauma. Hematoxylin and eosin staining for histopatology, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay for apoptotic cells and immunohistochemistry for proapoptotic cytochrome-c, Bax and caspase 9 were performed to all groups. Functional recovery test were applied to each group in 3rd and 7th days following SCI. Results In trauma group, edematous regions, diffuse hemorrhage, necrosis, leukocyte infiltration and severe degeneration in motor neurons were observed prominently in gray matter. The number of apoptotic cells was significantly higher (p<0.05) than control group. In the S-15176-treated groups, apoptotic cell number in 3rd and 7th days (p<0.001), also cytochrome-c (p<0.001), Bax (p<0.001) and caspase 9 immunoreactive cells (p<0.001) were significantly decreased in number compared to trauma groups. Hemorrhage and edema in the focal areas were also noticed in gray matter of treatment groups. Results of the locomotor test were significantly increased in treatment group (p<0.05) when compared to trauma groups. Conclusion We suggest that difumarate salt S-15176 prevents mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis and protects spinal cord from secondary injury and helps to preserve motor function following SCI in rats.
On the efficiency of particle acceleration by rotating magnetospheres in AGN

To investigate the efficiency of centrifugal acceleration of particles as a possible mechanism for the generation of ultra-high $\gamma$-ray nonthermal emission from TeV blazars, we study the centrifugal acceleration of electrons by rotating magnetic field lines, for an extended range of inclination angles and determine the maximum Lorentz factors $\gamma_{max}$ attainable by the electrons via this process. {Two principal limiting mechanisms for the particle acceleration, inverse Compton scattering and breakdown of the bead-on-the-wire approximation, are examined. Particles may be centrifugally accelerated up to $\gamma_{max} \simeq 10^8$ and the main limiting mechanism for the $\gamma_{max}$ is the inverse Compton scattering. The energy of centrifugally accelerated particles can be amply sufficient for the generation (via inverse Compton scattering) of the ultra-high energy (up to $20TeV$) gamma emission in TeV blazars.