Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disclosing the role of solidification dynamics on the structural features, magnetic properties and dynamic magnetic behavior of a NiMnSn Heusler alloy

We report here a systematic investigation of the structural features, magnetic properties and dynamic magnetic behavior of Ni50Mn37Sn13 Heusler alloy solidified by using ceramic and metallic molds, which allow us to modify the solidification dynamics of the system without atmosphere control. Our findings reveal interesting modifications, not just in the structural properties of the material, but also in the quasi-static and dynamic magnetic properties of the samples. This analysis amplifies the spectrum of Ni50Mn37Sn13 Heusler alloys obtained using the induction furnace technique without a controlled atmosphere, placing such samples as interesting sensor elements in magnetic devices.
Hurricane Sea Surface Inflow Angle and an Observation-Based Parametric Model

AbstractThis study presents an analysis of near-surface (10 m) inflow angles using wind vector data from over 1600 quality-controlled global positioning system dropwindsondes deployed by aircraft on 187 flights into 18 hurricanes. The mean inflow angle in hurricanes is found to be −22.6° ± 2.2° (95% confidence). Composite analysis results indicate little dependence of storm-relative axisymmetric inflow angle on local surface wind speed, and a weak but statistically significant dependence on the radial distance from the storm center. A small, but statistically significant dependence of the axisymmetric inflow angle on storm intensity is also found, especially well outside the eyewall. By compositing observations according to radial and azimuthal location relative to storm motion direction, significant inflow angle asymmetries are found to depend on storm motion speed, although a large amount of unexplained variability remains. Generally, the largest storm-relative inflow angles (<−50°) are found in the fas.
Intrinsic defects in cubic silicon carbide

Irradiation of fast particles like 1 MeV electrons and 2 MeV protons was made for single crystalline cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) grown epitaxially on Si by chemical vapor deposition in order to introduce point defects in the material. Intrinsic point defects in 3C-SiC have been characterized by electron spin resonance (ESR), positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS), Hall and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. The structure and annealing behavior of intrinsic defects, e.g. monovacancies at silicon and carbon sublattice sites, are described based on the results obtained by ESR and PAS. The contributions of such point defects to electrical and optical properties of 3C-SiC are discussed using the Hall and PL results, with a brief review of published work.
Star formation from hierarchical cloud fragmentation - A statistical theory of the log-normal Initial Mass Function

On explique la dispersion et la forme de la Fonction Masse Initiale observee dans les etoiles d'un champ a la naissance en termes d'un modele theorique dans lequel la formation stellaire est due a un processus de fragmentation hierarchique d'un nuage interstellaire. Ce modele est une version de Monte Carlo du schema de fragmentation hierarchique de Bodenheimer
Students’ Emotions During Distance Education: The Role of Personality Factors and Sense of Coherence

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Swedish universities had to shift from face-to-face teaching to internet-based distant learning (DL). DL differs from classroom teaching and may have a negative impact on students’ emotions while studying. Students’ experiences related to DL may reflect their personality, resilience, that is, Sense of Coherence (SOC), and preference for the education method. In this study, students’ emotions related to DL and the relationship between personality factors, SOC and positive and negative emotions related to DL were studied. One hundred ninety-seven university students filled in an online survey about positive and negative emotions related to DL, personality factors (Big-5), SOC, frequency of applying COVID-19 distancing measures, and frequency and freedom to choose DL. The survey was completed in March-April 2021 (Sample 1), when all lectures were delivered from a distance and in November 2021 (Sample 2), when lectures were on the campus. There were no differences between the frequency of negative and positive emotions. Agreeableness (Sample 1) and Neuroticism (Sample 2) correlated positively with negative emotions. SOC correlated negatively with negative emotions in Sample 2. In regression analyses of the combined data, Agreeableness was positively and Openness to Experience was negatively related to negative emotions. Agreeableness was negatively and Openness to Experience positively related to positive emotions related to forced DL. DL—even forced one—has both positive and negative effects on students’ emotions. These effects depend on students’ personality characteristics to some degree. SOC might reduce the negative effects of forced distance learning.
A mesoscale model intercomparison: A case of explosive development of a tropical cyclone (COMPARE III)

The performance of current mesoscale numerical models is evaluated in a case of model intercomparison project (COMPARE III). Explosive development of Typhoon Flo (9019) occurred in the case in September 1990 during the cooperative three field experiments, ESCAP/WMO-led SPECTRUM, US-led TCM-90, and former USSR-led TYPHOON-90 in the western North Pacific. Sensitivity to initial fields as well as impact of enhanced horizontal resolution are examined in the model intercomparison. Both track and intensity predictions are very sensitive to the choice of initial fields prepared with different data assimilation systems and the use of a particular synthetic tropical cyclone vortex. Horizontal resolution enhanced from 50km through 20km down to a 10km grid has a large impact on intensity prediction. This is presumably due to a better presentation of inner structure with higher resolution. There is little impact on track prediction in this target period when the typhoon was in its before-recurvature stage. While most models show large biases in underestimating central pressure deepening, some of the participating models with a particular initial field succeed in reproducing qualitatively the time evolution of central pressure, including slow deepening in the first half and rapid deepening in the second half of the simulation period of 72 hours. However, differences leading to different intensity predictions among models have yet to be identified. Intercomparison of the simulation results shows that wind field has a close relationship with precipitation distribution. This suggests that better prediction of precipitation distribution is crucial for better prediction of wind field, and vice versa. Through the COMPARE III experiments, it has become clear that precise simulation of tropical cyclone structure, especially in the inner-core region, is very important for accurate intensity prediction. Consideration, therefore, should be given to this point, when improvements in resolution, initialization, and physics of numerical models for tropical cyclone intensity prediction are reviewed.
Whether and how manufacturers encroach the market

Abstract Consider a manufacturer who has produced and sold a single product through a retail channel and now considers whether to open a direct channel to sell a product directly to customers. Upon deciding to encroach the market, the manufacturer needs to determine whether to offer the same product as available in the retail market (i.e. homogenized encroachment) or to offer a variant that has a better quality (i.e. differentiated encroachment). The interactions between the manufacturer and the retailer are modeled as the Stackelberg game models in which the manufacturer and the retailer act as the leader and follower, respectively. We show that when the product in the direct channel is slightly superior to that in the retail channel, differentiated encroachment can lead to greater manufacturer profit than either no encroachment or homogenized encroachment. On the contrary, when the product in the direct channel is sufficiently superior to that in the retail channel, the manufacturer is best to adopt either homogenized or differentiated encroachment strategy. Moreover, differentiated encroachment is not the retailer’s best choice in most cases. Finally, we find that from the view of social welfare, either differentiated or homogenized encroachment dominates no encroachment.
Decline Is Not Inevitable: Changes in Science Identity during the Progression through a U.S. Middle School among Boys and Girls

In the United States, science capital is important for navigating many aspects of life. Yet during middle school, science interest declines more for girls than boys. It is unclear, however, whether science identity also declines during the middle school years and if there are differences by gender. The authors advance prior research by modeling changes in science identity and associations with changes in identity-relevant characteristics using growth curve analyses on four waves of data from 760 middle school youth. For girls and boys, science identity changes over time; about 40 percent of the variance is within-person change, with the remainder explained by aggregate between-person differences. The associations of all identity-relevant characteristics with science identity are not significantly different for girls and boys, yet declines in average values of identity-relevant characteristics are larger for girls than boys.
Interpretation of the coefficient of determination of an ANOVA model as a measure of polarization

In this paper, it is demonstrated that coefficient of determination of an ANOVA linear model provides a measure of polarization. Taking as the starting point the link between polarization and dispersion, we reformulate the measure of polarization of Zhang and Kanbur using the decomposition of the variance instead of the decomposition of the Theil index. We show that the proposed measure is equivalent to the coefficient of determination of an ANOVA linear model that explains, for example, the income of the households as a function of any population characteristic such as education, gender, occupation, etc. This result provides an alternative way to analyse polarization by sub-populations characteristics and at the same time allows us to compare sub-populations via the estimated coefficients of the ANOVA model.
Co-creating the future of heritage in-the-making: empirical evidence from community deliberation at Naxos Island, Greece

ABSTRACT Although participatory heritage has become a ‘buzzword’ of cultural policy, it remains a challenging field for related practice. Set at Naxos Island, Greece, the research presented in this article forms part of a bigger project exploring the values and meaning-making processes in rural landscape, currently at risk of neglect and over-tourism. Here, we test the usability of the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) as a tool for allowing citizens to deliberate and devise community desirable actions for the protection and invigoration of rural monuments. As we discuss, apart from enriching our participatory ‘toolbox’, NGT can offer some insight into bottom-up processes of valuing the past and producing its historicity. Furthermore, our workshop participants initiate a dialogue, wherein they advocate for ‘hands-on’ solutions, which although fit largely with standard heritage management practice, are rearranged in alternative hierarchies; an atypical organisation of actions that reflects community aspirations to preserve a yet unsettled type of heritage that is currently ‘in-the-making’. This supports our main theoretical argument that participatory approaches shall not be treated instrumentally but positioned as part of a wider prefigurative politics project to resist dominant conservative and positivist processes of heritagisation.
4. Bayesian Propensity Score Estimators: Incorporating Uncertainties in Propensity Scores into Causal Inference

Despite their popularity, conventional propensity score estimators (PSEs) do not take into account uncertainties in propensity scores. This paper develops Bayesian propensity score estimators (BPSEs) to model the joint likelihood of both propensity score and outcome in one step, which naturally incorporates such uncertainties into causal inference. Simulations show that PSEs using estimated propensity scores tend to overestimate variations in the estimates of treatment effects—that is, too often they provide larger than necessary standard errors and lead to overly conservative inference—whereas BPSEs provide correct standard errors for the estimates of treatment effects and valid inference. Compared with other variance adjustment methods, BPSEs are guaranteed to provide positive standard errors, more reliable in small samples, can be readily employed to draw inference on individual treatment effects, etc. To illustrate the proposed methods, BPSEs are applied to evaluating a job training program. Accompanying software is available on the author's website.
Feedforward noise canceller for PR1ML

We present the performance of a feedforward noise canceller (FNC) for the PR1 [(1+D)] channel combined with an 8/10 DC free code. It appears the PR1 channel can be superior to PR4 [(1-D)(1+D)] and EPR4 [(1-D)(1+D)/sup 2/] for high density magnetic recording due to a characteristic of high frequency suppression. Simulation results show that PR1 with FNC is better than EPR4 for K/spl ges/2.5 [K=PW/sub 50//T]. We adapted PR1 with FNC into an actual DDS3 (Digital Data Storage 3) system and we got an improved result. Applying FNC to DDS3 system can improve the error rate by around 10/sup 2/.
Does COVID-19 Pandemic Affect Bank Credit Risk?: A Panel Data Analysis

This study aims to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on banking credit risk in Indonesia, namely conventional banks and Islamic banks which are proxied through NPL and NPF variables. This study used a sample of 12 conventional commercial banks and 12 Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia. The data used is quarterly data, namely from the 1st quarter of 2017 to the 4th quarter of 2020. Furthermore, in this paper, dummy variables are used to describe the period before and after the COVID-19 pandemic that caused various declines in the economy. The method in this study uses a panel data analysis approach. The results show that COVID-19 significantly affects credit risk in the overall model and conventional bank models. Meanwhile, no correlation was found between the COVID-19 pandemic and the Islamic bank model. Furthermore, the variables found to have a significant relationship with credit risk are bank capital, total loans, and bank profitability.
The Effort to Rationalize Antibiotic Use in Indonesian Hospitals: Practice and Its Implication

An effective strategy for combatting AMR in Indonesia is to make the use of antibiotics in hospitals more rational with the help of an Antimicrobial Resistance Control Program (AMR-CP). This study aims to analyze the implementation of the AMR-CP in hospitals by conducting in-depth interviews with health professionals from ten hospitals and health officers of ten provincial health offices in ten different provinces and observation towards its documents. The sample location was selected by purposive sampling. Informants at the hospitals were hospital directors, chairmen of the AMR-CP team, chairmen of the medical committee, persons in charge of the microbiology laboratory, clinicians, nurses, clinical pharmacists, and those program managers at the provincial health offices who are responsible for administering antibiotics. Information is first collected and then a thematic analysis is applied along with triangulation to confirm the validity of information from multiple sources, including document observation results. The analysis is adapted to the framework of the system (i.e., input, process, and output). Results show that hospitals in Indonesia already have the resources to implement AMR-CP, including AMR-CP team and microbiology laboratories. Six hospitals examined also have clinicians trained in microbiology. Though hospital leadership and its commitment to implementing AMR-CP are favorable, there is room for improvement. AMR-CP teams organize routine activities for socialization and training, develop standard operating procedures (SOPs) for antibiotic use, antibiotic patterns surveillance, and bacterial mapping. Some obstacles to implementing AMR-CP policies are posed by the human resources, facilities, budget, antibiotics and reagent shortages, and clinician compliance with SOPs. The study concludes that there was an improvement in antibiotic sensitivity patterns, rational use of antibiotics, use of microbiological laboratories, and cost-efficiency. It recommends the government and healthcare providers continue to improve AMR-CP in hospitals and promote AMR-CP policy by making the regional health office of the hospital a representative of the regional government.
Linear-response theory within the density-functional formalism: Application to atomic polarizabilities

The linear response of an arbitrary electronic system is considered within the framework of the density-functional theory. An integral equation determining the density induced by an external perturbation is derived. The independent-particle response function for an inhomogeneous system appearing in this equation is obtained in a form convenient for numerical calculations. The equation is applied to the calculation of dipole polarizabilities of spherically symmetric atoms and ions. Results for the rare-gas atoms obtained by means of the local-density approximation are in good agreement with experimental values, except for the case of He. Polarizabilities are also evaluated for the alkali-metal ions, the alkaline-earth and other closed-shell metallic atoms.
Binary hypothesis for the subdwarf B stars

While observational evidence exists for the composite nature of some of the subdwarf B stars, the conservation of total mass and angular momentum produces a companion whose visual magnitude is similar to that of the subdwarf in the cases we consider. Since the conservation assumptions appear to make this outcome unavoidable, we discuss briefly the possible consequences of relaxing them. (AIP)
International clearing system as alternative monetary order

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct the debate on the international clearing mechanism from the pioneering proposals of the nineteenth century to the years of high theory, at the beginning of the 1940s, when several plans were defined to establish international clearing mechanisms, and the well-known John Maynard Keynes’s International Clearing Union Plan was joined by other projects proposed by Paul Einzig and two German-born economists, Ernst Friedrich Schumacher and Hubert Ladenburg. As is well known, the Keynes plan was conceived as a response to the Nazi plan to establish a multilateral clearing system for regulating trade relations in the economic space of the countries occupied by the Third Reich. However, Keynes did not elaborate a plan radically opposed to the Nazi proposal, but shared its essential core. While being opposite sides of the conflict, both Nazi Germany and the British government proposed the same monetary order, based on multilateral clearing system, for the post-war world. The project of a new international monetary order based on the multilateral clearing system was not unanimously shared among the Allies: the United States moved on different lines confirming the centrality of gold in the post-war world order. Economic interests imposed the restoration of gold-exchange standard, based on the dollar supremacy and the Bretton Woods agreement, confirming the political success of Harry Dexter White’s proposal, was a turning point in a spontaneous path towards a new international order based on clearing agreements. Keynes proposed an economically realistic solution, based on the experience of clearing agreements resulting from the collapse of the gold exchange standard, but his plan was politically unrealistic in the face of the interests of the United States superpower. Keynes did not accept a compromise, but was simply defeated.
Effect of pressure on the iron arsenide superconductor LixFeAs (x=0.8,1.0,1.1)

Resistance measurements of a "111" type superconductor LixFeAs (x=0.8,1.0,1.1) were performed at high pressure. The superconductivity transition temperature (T-c) is found to decrease almost linearly with increasing pressure and the pressure derivative, dT(c)/dP, becomes smaller with increasing Li content. Electron spin resonance experiment at ambient pressure on a stoichometric sample shows gradual decrease in the spin moment and the loss of coherence of spin coupling as the temperature is lowered. A very weak Fe local moment is observed when the temperature is lowered to T-c. In situ synchrotron radiation powder x-ray diffraction at high pressure shows changes in the resistivity are not related to a structural transition.
Computational Aerodynamic Study of Automotive Cooling Fan in Blocked Conditions

Abstract In this paper, a CFD study of two types of axial-flow automotive cooling fans was conducted to investigate the effects of upstream and downstream blockage on aerodynamic performance of each fan. The realizable k-ε turbulence model was applied and simulations were performed to represent an automotive engine bay and quantify performance changes as a function of blockage distance. Modeling was performed for two fan designs: one optimized for a low flow rate, high-pressure operation; and a second optimized for high flow rate, low-pressure operation. The results show that the pressure loss caused by engine blockage increases at higher vehicle speed, and decreasing blockage distance. A new relation between blockage to fan proximity and fan performance was established. It is determined that the pressure change follows a quadratic type dependence, but the coefficients may vary, depending on fan type. The fan efficiency can be improved by taking advantage of larger blockage distances at higher speeds of the vehicle. The blockage condition causes an increase in the reverse flow near the fan interface, and a dramatic increase in radial flow.
The Quasar-Quasar Correlation Function in the Palomar Transit Grism Survey

The quasar-quasar correlation function is measured in four strips of the Palomar Transit Grism Survey, covering an effective area of 50 square degrees at high Galactic latitude. The quasar sample contains 232 objects with well-defined line flux and equivalent width selection criteria. It spans the redshift range 0.7 < z < 4.7 and the magnitude range 16 < r4 < 22. Two estimators are used to measure the covariance function of quasars, ξqq = DD/RR - 1 and ξqq = (DD - 2DR + RR)/RR. Comparison samples are constructed by scrambling of redshifts and angular coordinates, and by randomly placing quasars within the survey volume using the smoothed redshift distribution of the observed sample. These methods give consistent results, indicating that survey geometry and selection effects are taken into account properly. Significant clustering is detected at comoving scales r < 20 h-1 Mpc. Despite the fact that only six pairs of quasars contribute to the clustering signal, the null hypothesis that they are drawn from an unclustered population is rejected at 99% confidence for pairs with separations r < 10 h-1 Mpc, and at 95% confidence for pairs with separations r < 20 h-1 Mpc. The clustering amplitude ratio of the high- and low-redshift subsamples in the Ω = 1 model is ξqq(z > 2)/ξqq(z < 2)=1.8+ 2.5−1.2, significantly higher than the prediction of the linear theory.