Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nanohybrid materials using gold nanoparticles and RAFT-synthesized polymers for biomedical applications

Abstract Currently researchers are intensely exploring the potential of polymer coated inorganic nanoparticles as materials of immense importance in context to theranostic applications, that implies a combination of diagnostic and therapeutic applications into a single tool. This enables early detection of a disease with the help of biomarkers, and treatment via improved biodistribution and targeted drug delivery in a kinetically controlled manner. Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) have often been the material of choice due to some specific advantages associated with them, e.g. ease of synthesis and surface functionalization, low toxicity and tunable optical properties. Surface grafting of the nanoparticles with polymers have been practiced widely in order to prevent their aggregation, forming stable core-shell nanostructures. Additionally, biofunctionalities like enzymes, peptides, nucleic acids, antibodies, etc have often been introduced for specific recognition of the diseased cells, followed by targeted release of the encapsulated drug. RAFT polymerization being one of the most versatile of controlled polymerization techniques, has been extensively used for surface grafting on the AuNPs to form polymer-AuNP nanohybrids systems. This review aims at highlighting some of the most interesting research works reported on RAFT synthesized polymer-grafted AuNP over the last decade and their potential usefulness in context to different biomedical applications. Graphical Abstract
Implementation Of The Second Re-Vote In Labuhan Batu In 2020

In light of the Re-Voting (PSU) process during the 2020 concurrent elections, this research sought to critically evaluate the performance of the KPPS Labuhanbatu Regency. Utilizing a qualitative case study methodology, a comprehensive dataset was compiled from in-depth interviews and meticulous document analysis, offering a holistic understanding of the intricacies and experiences associated with the event. The evaluation criteria were anchored on five pivotal indicators delineated by Kasmir, encompassing Quality, Quantity, Time, Cooperation Between Employees, and Supervision. Preliminary findings paint a picture of commendable dedication by the KPPS; however, their performance fell short of optimal standards. Beyond a mere assessment, this study carves out a roadmap, shedding light on the nuances of election management in Labuhanbatu Regency and pinpointing critical areas that demand attention and refinement to fortify future electoral endeavors.
Validation of Biologically Inspired Tactics to Increase Multi-Agent System Resilience

There is an urgent need to increase multi-agent systems’ resilience. Efforts, however, are hampered by three gaps: current approaches are case study specific, may depend on infrastructure investment, and are often unshared. In response to these needs, we propose 14 biologically inspired Tactics for individual agent design and communication protocols. The Tactics are generalizable and do not depend upon infrastructure investments. The Tactics are applied to a hybrid system dynamic and agent-based model of an electric motor manufacturing supply chain case study. The approach for applying each of the Tactics is clearly described to support future application. Tactic use successfully increased resilience by an average of 6.6%. By reporting a context-neutral solution approach to increase resilience, focusing on agent intervention, and clearly reporting the implementation to a supply chain case study, this article takes an important step toward our goal of using biologically inspired design to increase multi-agent system resilience.
Virologic Response to Dolutegravir Plus Lamivudine in People With Suppressed Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Historical M184V/I: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract Background To investigate the impact of the M184V/I mutation on virologic response to dolutegravir plus lamivudine (DTG + 3TC) in suppressed-switch populations, a meta-analysis was performed using virologic outcomes from people with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (PWH) with and without M184V/I before DTG + 3TC switch in real-world studies identified via systematic literature review. Sensitivity analyses were performed using data from PWH with M184V/I in interventional studies identified via targeted literature review. Methods Single-arm meta-analyses using common- and random-effects models were used to estimate proportions of PWH with virologic failure (VF) among real-world populations with and without M184V/I and interventional study participants with M184V/I at 24, 48, and 96 weeks. Results Literature reviews identified 5 real-world studies from 3907 publications and 51 abstracts meeting inclusion criteria and 5 interventional studies from 1789 publications and 3 abstracts. All time points had low VF incidence in PWH with M184V/I (real-world: 1.43%–3.81%; interventional: 0.00%) and without (real-world: 0.73%–2.37%). Meta-analysis–estimated proportions (95% confidence interval) with VF were low at weeks 24, 48, and 96, respectively, for PWH with M184V/I (real-world: 0.01 [.00–.04], 0.03 [.01–.06], and 0.04 [.01–.07]; interventional: 0.00 [.00–.02], 0.00 [.00–.01], and 0.00 [.00–.03]) and without (real-world: 0.00 [.00–.02], 0.02 [.01–.04], and 0.02 [.00–.05]). One real-world study (n = 712) reported treatment-emergent M184V at VF in 1 of 652 (0.15%) PWH without prior M184V/I. Conclusions Results suggest that prior M184V/I has minimal impact on virologic suppression after switching to DTG + 3TC and provide reassurance when considering switching regimens in virologically suppressed PWH with incomplete treatment history or limited treatment options.
Forest recovery trends derived from Landsat time series for North American boreal forests

ABSTRACT A critical component of landscape dynamics is the recovery of vegetation following disturbance. The objective of this research was to characterize the forest recovery trends associated with a range of spectral indicators and report their observed performance and identified limitations. Forest disturbances were mapped for a random sample of three major bioclimate zones of North American boreal forests. The mean number of years for forest to recover, defined as time required to for a pixel to attain 80% of the mean spectral value of the 2 years prior to disturbance, was estimated for each disturbed pixel. The majority of disturbed pixels recovered within the first 5 years regardless of the index ranging from approximately 78% with normalized burn ratio (NBR) to 95% with tasselled cap greenness (TCG) and after 10 years more than 93% of disturbed pixels had recovered. Recovery rates suggest that normalized differenced vegetation index (NDVI) and TCG saturate earlier than indices that emphasize longer wavelengths. Thus, indices such as NBR and the mid-infrared spectral band offer increased capacity to characterize different levels of forest recovery. The mean length of time for spectral indices to recover to 80% of the pre-disturbance value for pixels disturbed 10 or more years ago was highest for NBR, 5.6 years, and lowest for TCG, 1.7 years. The mid-infrared spectral band had the greatest difference in recovered pixels among bioclimate zones 1 year after disturbance, ranging from approximately 42% of disturbed pixels for the cold and mesic bioclimate zone to 60% for the extremely cold and mesic bioclimate zone. The cold and mesic bioclimate zone had the longest mean years to recover ranging from 1.9 years for TCG to 4.2 years for NBR, while the cool temperate and dry bioclimate zone had the shortest mean years to recover ranging from 1.6 years for TCG to 2.9 years for NBR suggesting differences in pre-disturbance conditions or successional processes. The results highlight the need for caution when selecting and interpreting a spectral index for recovery characterization, as spectral indices, based upon the constituent wavelengths, are sensitive to different vegetation conditions and will provide a variable representation of structural conditions of forests.
Strategies and measures to develop Tibet pasture husbandry

AbstrcatTibet pasture husbandry plays an important role in not only the first industry of Tibet but also the local economy.Through the general understanding of the current situation of Tibet pasture husbandry,and based on thorough investigation and reference analysis,the author thinks the following factors,such as backward tradition ideas,single and isolated management model,and the improper utilization of the husbandry resources,are the primary reasons for the Tibet highland pasture degeneration and backward development of the local pasture husbandry.According to these ideas,this paper provides detailed measures to utilize and develop pasture properly,improve husbandry,enchance the production of livestock products and promote the industrialization of Tibet husbandry.
The Potential Gastro-Protective Effect of Qaysum (Achillea fragrantissima) Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Wistar Albino Rats

Gastric ulcer (GU) is among the peak prevalent syndromes. This study investigates the defensive properties of Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch.Bip. extract (AFE) against ethanol-induced stomach lesions. Twenty-eight rats were allocated into negative control, positive control, AFE + ethanol, and omeprazole ethanol. In serum and gastric homogenates, oxidative stress displays (e.g., malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD), and catalase enzyme (CAT)) and inflammatory parameters (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)) were estimated. GU markers (gastric lesions, ulcer index (UI), pH) were evaluated, and gastric histopathological examinations were performed. The positive control cluster exhibited severe gastric mucosal injuries, reduced stomach mucus secretion, and pH of gastric content. Furthermore, AFE-pretreated rats displayed meaningfully increased periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) countenance in their stomach epithelial layers. Pretreatment with AFE reduced stomach lesions, UI, MDA, and TNF-α levels, while mucus, pH, CAT, GSH, and SOD levels increased. Stomach examination showed significant improvement in gastric mucosa reduced edema and leukocyte infiltration of the submucosal level in pretreatment with the AFE and omeprazole groups versus the ethanol group. Additionally, AFE extracts increase the intensity of the stomach epithelium's PAS. The acute toxicity experiment with an advanced dosage of 5 g/kg AFE did not exhibit any signs of toxicity in the rats. In conclusion, the AFE reduced the effect of ethanol on the gastric mucosa, which may be due to its antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties.
STOKASTİK ÇOK KRİTERLİ KARAR VERMEDE İKİ YENİ YÖNTEM: SMAA- GRİ İLİŞKİSEL ANALİZ ve SMAA-DEMATEL-GRİ İLİŞKİSEL ANALİZ

Karar vermede bazi durumlarda karar vericiler tercihlerini kesin degerlerle belirtemez veya belirtmek istemezler. Bu gibi stokastik verilerle karar verebilmek icin Stokastik cok kriterli kabul edilebilirlik analizi (SMAA) etkili bir sekilde uygulanan bir karar destek aracidir. Gri iliskisel analiz (GIA) ise ancak deterministik veri ile calisan cok amacli karar verme problemlerinin cozumunde alternatif ve populer bir yontemdir. Bu calismada SMAA-2 ile GIA ve SMAA-2 ile DEMATEL-GIA metotlarini birlestiren iki yeni metot SMAA-GIA ve SMAA-DEMATEL-GIA onerilmistir. Bu makalenin amaci GIA’ nin belirsiz ve kesin olmayan verilerle basa cikabilmesini saglamak, baska bir deyisle stokastik GIA’ yi olusturmaktir. Ayrica kriterlerin birbirleriyle iliskisini belirlemeye yarayan DEMATEL ile de kriterlerin birbirlerine olan etkisini stokastik verilerle karar verme surecine katabilmektir. Literaturdeki ilac fayda risk analizi problemine ve Turk havacilik sirketleri hakkinda bir vaka calismasina hem SMAA-GIA hem de SMAA-DEMATEL-GIA yontemleri uygulanmistir. Calismamiz gostermistir ki guvenilir ve tutarli sonuclar veren SMAA-GIA ve SMAA-DEMATEL-GIA yontemleri, GIA ve DEMATEL yontemlerini stokastik veri ve rasgele agirliklari ile calismasini ve SMAA’ nin da kriterlerin bagimsiz olmadigi durumlarda uygulanabilmesini mumkun kilmistir.
Demography, Education, and the Future of Total Factor Productivity Growth

In this paper we present new data on total factor productivity for eight world regions over the period 1970 to 2001. The regions are North America, Western Europe, Japan/Oceania, the China Region, South Asia, Other Pacific Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Sub-Saharan Africa. We propose and estimate a new model of the determinants of total factor productivity based on the framework of conditional convergence. The model allows us to distinguish between factors that influence the level of the conditional productivity frontier and the speed of catching up to that frontier. We show that productivity stagnation in Latin America and the Caribbean and in Sub-Saharan Africa are not because they are trapped far below their potential, but rather that they are fully utilizing the low potential that they have. We found that education and age structure have independent and joint effects on productivity. The rate of capital formation, the quality of institutions, openness, and corruption also affect total factor productivity. The effects of specific variables on total productivity differ by context. They can be different depending on whether a country is catching up to its conditional productivity frontier or not. This provides the possibility of resolving some of the puzzles with respect to the effects of age structure and education that appear in the literature. The paper is based on the new IIASA/VID database on education.
Dedifferentiated Endometrial Carcinoma: A Rare Aggressive Neoplasm-Clinical, Morphological and Immunohistochemical Features

Simple Summary In a neoplasm, dedifferentiation is characterised by the presence of a high-grade neoplasm which can occur de novo, be juxtaposed to, or arise as a recurrence of a previously well-differentiated tumour. Usually, this occurrence results in mesenchymal neoplasms. In epithelial malignant neoplasms, dedifferentiation has been observed in salivary gland carcinomas including adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, myoepithelial carcinoma, and acinic cell carcinoma. In addition, dedifferentiated carcinomas have been reported in the pancreas and in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. In the female genital tract, dedifferentiated carcinoma have been described in the endometrium and ovary. Histologically, this entity is characterised by both low-grade endometrioid carcinoma and a solid undifferentiated component. It is especially important to recognise this subtype of the malignancy due to its fulminant clinical outcomes and a poorer prognosis than high-grade endometrioid carcinoma. From a review of the literature, we have extracted clinical, morphological, and immunohistochemical data useful for an accurate diagnosis and prognosis of this rare endometrial malignancy. Abstract Dedifferentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma is characterised by the coexistence of an undifferentiated carcinoma and a low-grade endometrioid adenocarcinoma. The low-grade component in this subtype of endometrial carcinoma is Grade 1 or 2 according to the Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) grading system. The coexistence of low-grade endometrial carcinoma and solid undifferentiated carcinoma can cause diagnostic problems on histological examination. In fact, this combination can often be mistaken for a more common Grade 2 or Grade 3 endometrial carcinoma. Therefore, this subtype of uterine carcinoma can often go under-recognised. An accurate diagnosis of dedifferentiated endometrial carcinoma is mandatory because of its poorer prognosis compared to Grade 3 endometrial carcinoma, with a solid undifferentiated component that can amount to as much as 20% of the entire tumour. The aim of this review is to provide clinical, immunohistochemical, and molecular data to aid with making an accurate histological diagnosis and to establish whether there are any findings which could have an impact on the prognosis or therapeutic implications of this rare and aggressive uterine neoplasm.
Underestimated Subsequent Sensorineural Hearing Loss after Septicemia

Background and Objectives: Hearing loss after septicemia has been found in mice; the long-term risk increased 50-fold in young adults in a previous study. Hearing loss after septicemia has not received much attention. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between septicemia and subsequent hearing loss. Materials and Methods: Inpatient data were obtained from the Taiwan Insurance Database. We defined patients with sensorineural hearing loss and excluded patients under 18 years of age. Patients without hearing loss were selected as controls at a frequency of 1:5. The date of admission was defined as the date of diagnosis. Comorbidities in the 3 years preceding the date of diagnosis were retrieved retrospectively. Associations with hearing loss were established by multiple logistic regression and forward stepwise selection. Results: The odds ratio (OR) for the association between sepsis and hearing loss was 3.052 (95% CI: 1.583–5.884). Autoimmune disease (OR: 5.828 (95% CI: 1.906–17.816)), brain injury (OR: 2.264 (95% CI: 1.212–4.229)) and ischemic stroke (OR: 1.47 (95% CI: 1.087–1.988)) were associated with hearing loss. Conclusions: Our study shows that hearing loss occurred after septicemia. Apoptosis caused by sepsis and ischemia can lead to hair cell damage, leading to hearing loss. Clinicians should be aware of possible subsequent complications of septicemia and provide appropriate treatment and prevention strategies for complications.
Volcanic fronts form as a consequence of serpentinite dehydration in the forearc mantle wedge

The release of fluids from subducting slabs is considered to result in partial melting of the mantle wedge and arc magmatism. By contrast, we propose that the breakdown of serpentinites, which acted as a sink for water and fluid-soluble elements released from underlying slab in the mantle wedge, most likely leads to arc magmatism at volcanic fronts. Serpentinites exhumed from mantle wedges in Himalayas, Cuba, and the Alps are enriched in elements that are fluid soluble at low temperatures, such as As, Sb, and Sr. The downward movement of the serpentinite layer by mantle flow transports these elements to deeper, hotter levels in the mantle. Eventual dehydration of serpentinite discharges water and fluidsoluble elements, leading to partial melting of the overlying mantle wedge, thus accounting for the observed enrichment of these elements in magmas at the volcanic front.
Macroecology Differentiation Between Bacteria and Fungi in Topsoil Across the United States

Bacteria and fungi possess distinct physiological traits. Their macroecology is vital for ecosystem functioning such as carbon cycling. However, bacterial and fungal biogeography and underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we investigated bacterial versus fungal macroecology by integrating a microbial‐explicit model—CLM‐Microbe—with measured fungal (FBC) and bacterial biomass carbon (BBC) from 34 NEON sites. The distribution of FBC, BBC, and FBC: BBC (F:B) ratio was well simulated across sites, with variations in 99% (P < 0.001), 97% (P < 0.001), and 99% (P < 0.001) being explained by the CLM‐Microbe model, respectively. We found stronger biogeographic patterns of FBC relative to BBC across the United States. Fungal and bacterial turnover rates showed similar trends along latitude. However, latitudinal trends of their component fluxes (carbon assimilation, respiration, and necromass production) were distinct between bacteria and fungi, with those latitudinal trends following inverse unimodal patterns for fungi and showing exponential declining responses for bacteria. Carbon assimilation was dominated by vegetation productivity, and respiration was dominated by mean annual temperature for bacteria and fungi. The dominant factor for their necromass production differs, with edaphic factors controlling fungal and mean annual temperature controlling bacterial processes. The understanding of fungal and bacterial macroecology is an important step toward linking microbial metabolism and soil biogeochemical processes. Distinct fungal and bacterial macroecology contributes to the microbial ecology, particularly on microbial community structure and its association with ecosystem carbon cycling across space.
International Saudi Female Students in Australia and Social Networking Sites: What are the motivations and barriers to communication?

There has been much research into college students’ use of web 2.0 technologies, such as Social Networking Sites (SNS) in general and Facebook (FB) in particular. However, few have focused on international Saudi female students (ISFS), whose number is on the rise. Therefore, the current pilot study aims to explore the use of SNS by ISFS in Australia, with a particular focus on FB. Data was collected through five semi-structured in-depth interviews with Saudi female students in Melbourne to explore their motivations for using FB. The results indicated that ISFS were attracted to SNS because of personal (e.g.: peer pressure) and technical (e.g.: convenience) attractors. Currently ISFS use Facebook mainly to keep in touch with their friends and family, to gain knowledge of the various social and political events happening around them; and to have fun through posting photos and making comments. Interestingly, the study found that ISFS showed a positive attitude and willingness to use Facebook in an educational context. Finally, the only factors that might decrease but not stop ISFS’ use of SNS in Saudi were technical, and not cultural, for this sample of respondents.
Pond-breeding amphibian assemblages of the pumice plain at Mount St. Helens : thirty-three years post-eruption

Amphibian responses to intense volcanic disturbance have not been widely studied. Yet given the global distribution of volcanoes, their frequency of eruptions, and associated areal extent of disturbance, it is important to understand how amphibians are affected by volcanism. The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington State (USA) provides an outstanding opportunity to assess amphibian response to a range of volcanic disturbance types. Reported here is a case study conducted on the Pumice Plain, an area intensely disturbed by a number of volcanic forces that destroyed all pre-eruption life and set the stage for evaluating amphibian community assembly in the context of primary succession. Amphibians were monitored at 25 study sites that included four habitats (pond, lake, wallow, and seep) during summer 2013. Two survey methods were employed (aquatic funnel trap and visual encounter) at each survey site to obtain information on species presence and reproduction. Biophysical habitat characteristics were measured including study site area, elevation, water depth, sediment type, percent cover of vegetation, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, and temperature. Results showed that five amphibian species were present on the Pumice Plain: Rana cascadae, Rana aurora, Pseudacris regilla, Anaxyrus boreas, and Ambystoma gracile. R. cascadae was encountered at 76% of the survey sites, while P. regilla was encountered at 72% of the sites surveyed. A. boreas and A. gracile were found only in the pond and lake habitats, occupying 20% of all sites surveyed. R. aurora is the least frequently encountered species on the Pumice Plain, and present at only 12% of all survey sites. A. boreas and P. regilla are the most abundant species on the Pumice Plain, with the majority of the captures being at the pond habitat. In regards to richness, the ponds contain the most species, with all five species present. Thirty-three years post-eruption, the Pumice Plain supports a diverse assemblage of pondbreeding amphibians. These pond-breeders demonstrated resiliency to intense volcanic disturbance. R. cascadae and P. regilla appear to be the most resilient of the species studied based on their broad distribution across the study sites.