Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural, optical, and electronic properties of boron nitride incorporated mobius carbon nanoribbon: a DFT calculation

The interesting characteristics of Mobius structure inspired this research to study the effect of Boron-Nitride incorporation on Mobius Carbon (M-CX; X = 48, 44, 24, 12, 4, and 0) nanoribbon. The structural stability, vibrational, electronic, and optical properties of M-CX nanoribbons have been studied via density functional theory. The negative formation energy and real vibrational frequency verified the structural stability and natural existence of the M-CX. All the structures showed a high absorption coefficient over 104 cm−1 and a semiconductor-to-insulator transition with decreasing Carbon concentration in the M-CX structure. The M-C48 structure has the maximum reactivity whereas the M-C0 structure is chemically more stable. The observed optical and electronic studies suggest the structures are potential materials for optoelectronic research.
A note on liquid vortex sloshing and Kelvin's equilibria

Observations of liquid vortex sloshing and Kelvin's equilibrium states were made inside a cylindrical container using a spinning disk near its base. Both steady and periodic free-surface sloshing phenomena were found to take place. During periodic sloshing, the air core sustained shape transformations, assuming an elliptical cross-section at the end, and then collapsed forming a pair of vortices. Kelvin's equilibrium states emerged at lower liquid levels. These were stable within an interval of rotational speeds. The bandwidth of stationary states decreased as the wavenumber (N) increased. For N greater than six, the states appeared critically stable. Between equilibria, unstable transitional regions were found to exist. As the liquid level was decreased, the core shape spectrum shifted towards smaller frequencies.
Nonlinear two‐fluid hydromagnetic waves in the solar wind: Rotational discontinuity, soliton, and finite‐extent Alfvén wave train solutions

Nonlinear one-dimensional constant-profile hydromagnetic wave solutions are obtained in finite-temperature two-fluid collisionless plasmas under adiabatic equation of state. The nonlinear wave solutions can be classified according to the wavelength. The long-wavelength solutions are circularly polarized incompressible oblique Alfven wave trains with wavelength greater than hundreds of ion inertial length. The oblique wave train solutions can explain the high degree of alignment between the local average magnetic field and the wave normal direction observed in the solar wind. The short-wavelength solutions include rarefaction fast solitons, compression slow solitons, Alfven solitons and rotational discontinuities, with wavelength of several tens of ion inertial length, provided that the upstream flow speed is less than the fast-mode speed. The Alfven solitons and rotational discontinuities are super-Alfvenic compression waves if the upstream Alfven-mode speed is greater than the sound speed; otherwise, they are sub-Alfvenic rarefaction waves. The density and magnetic field variations of these short-wavelength waves are shown to obey the following two rules: (1) all compression waves are left-hand polarized and all rarefaction waves are right-hand polarized, due to the ion inertial effect, (2) the density variation and the magnetic field magnitude variation are in phase if the flow is supersonic, but out of phase if the flow is subsonic, which is a consequence of conservation of the momentum flux. The two-fluid rotational discontinuity solution obtained in this study is highly circularly polarized, with a variable angular rotation rate. The total angle of rotation is limited to less than or equal to 180°, which is consistent with the rotational discontinuity observed in the solar wind. The upstream flow speed of the two-fluid rotational discontinuity must deviate slightly from the Alfven-mode speed; the downstream flow speed is equal to the local sound speed. The formation of the two-fluid rotational discontinuity depends critically on the dispersion effect which converts the Alfven mode to the ion acoustic mode.
Ultrasonography Causes Agitation and Pain Leading to Hemodynamic Disturbance in Neonates: A Prospective Observational Study

Background: Ultrasonography is widely used in neonatological practice and studies investigating the hemodynamic effects of various treatment protocols or clinical situations. On the other hand, pain causes changes in the cardiovascular system; so, in the case of ultrasonography leading to pain in neonates, it may cause hemodynamic alterations. In this prospective study, we evaluate whether ultrasonographic application causes pain and changes in the hemodynamic system. Methods: Newborns undergoing ultrasonographic examination were enrolled in the study. Vital signs, cerebral and mesenteric tissue oxygenation (StO2) levels, and middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler measurements were recorded, and NPASS scores were calculated before and after ultrasonography. Results: We enrolled 39 patients in the study. After ultrasonography, Neonatal Pain, Agitation, and Sedation Scale (NPASS) scores were significantly higher (p < 0.01), and all vital signs (heart rate, respiratory rate, SpO2, diastolic and systolic blood pressure; p = 0.03; p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p = 0.02, p = 0.03, respectively) were altered. Cerebral (p = 0.008) and mesenteric (p = 0.039) StO2 levels were significantly lower in the whole study group, MCA end-diastolic velocity decreased (p = 0.02), and the resistive index (p = 0.03) increased in patients whose NPASS score was >7 after ultrasonography. Conclusions: This study is the first to show that ultrasonography may cause pain in newborn patients, and alters vital signs and hemodynamic parameters. Therefore, precautions should be taken to protect newborn babies from pain during ultrasound applications, as they are already exposed to many noxious stimuli. Furthermore, pain scores should be considered in studies using ultrasonography and evaluating hemodynamic parameters to increase the reliability of the studies.
Integrating field data with high spatial resolution multispectral satellite imagery for calibration and validation of coral reef benthic community maps

Our ability to map coral reef environments using remote sensing has increased through improved access to: satellite images and field survey data at suitable spatial scales, and software enabling the integration of data sources. These data sets can be used to provide validated maps to support science and management decisions. The objective of this paper was to compare two methods for calibrating and validating maps of coral reef benthic communities derived from satellite images captured over a variety of Coral Reefs The two methods for collecting georeferenced benthic field data were: 1), georeferenced photo transects and 2), spot checks. Quickbird imagery was acquired for three Fijian coral reef environments in: Suva, Navakavu and Solo. These environments had variable water clarity and spatial complexity of benthic cover composition. The two field data sets at each reef were each split, and half were used for training data sets for supervised classifications, and the other half for accuracy assessment. This resulted in two maps of benthic communities with associated mapping accuracies, production times and costs for each study-site. Analyses of the spatial patterns in benthic community maps and their Overall and Tau accuracies revealed that for spatially complex habitats, the maps produced from photo transect data were twice as accurate as spot check based maps. In the context of the reefs examined, our results showed that the photo- transect method was a robust procedure which could be used in a range of coral reef environments to map the benthic communities accurately. In contrast, the spot check method is a fast and low cost approach, suitable for mapping benthic communities which have lower spatial complexity. Our findings will enable scientists, technicians and managers to select appropriate methods for collecting field data to integrate with high spatial resolution multi-spectral imagery to create validated coral reef benthic community maps.
Simulation of skin effects and hysteresis phenomena in the time domain

This paper deals with the simulation of skin effects in conducting materials in the time domain. The partial differential equations are discretized by a finite-difference method on a predefined grid resulting into an ordinary differential equation in time. Both equidistant and nonequidistant grids are compared and the accuracy of the models is analyzed. These considerations yield a simple a priori guess of the lower and upper bounds of the range of validity. Furthermore, the mathematical models are realized by macromodels that are compatible with SPICE2. The skin effect model can also be linked to models with a nonlinear or hysteretic B-H relation.
Fundamental viscous solutions or 'transient oseenlets’ associated with a body manoeuvring in a viscous fluid

A viscous boundary element method involving a convolution-integral formulation is developed to determine directly the fluid actions and velocity flow field associated with a body manoeuvring in a viscous fluid. The proposed general approach is analogous to a potential flow singularity distribution panel method with the singularity replaced by a fundamental viscous solution. From the developed nonlinear mathematical model based on an integral identity relation, it is seen that the Oseen equation, its variant or modified form is central to the theoretical development of the fundamental viscous solution. Analytical expressions are presented for the fundamental solutions (or transient oseenlets) appropriate to two-dimensional and three-dimensional steady, and unsteady (transient) manoeuvring problems involving prescribed translational, rotational and their combined motions. The examples considered, and hence the fundamental viscous solutions, relate to model towing tank experiments (i.e. steady state, rotating arm, planar motion mechanism oscillatory tests, etc.) used extensively to derive fluid action data on manoeuvring ships and submersibles. Examples of combined translational and rotational motions are investigated and these relate to an elementary idealization of a propeller rotating in an axial flow and an idealization of a body moving ahead with parasitic oscillatory roll motion. The predicted fluid flow patterns associated with the various fundamental solutions are presented and these clearly illustrate the generation, shedding and decay of vortices in the wakes.
Developmental Ultrasound Characteristics in Guinea Pigs: Similarities with Human Pregnancy

Simple Summary Despite the relevance of biometrical and blood flow assessments for studying fetoplacental physiology during pregnancy, there is no detailed description of any animal model, which is needed to extrapolate results to human pregnancy. Here, we examined biometry and intrauterine blood flow in pregnant guinea pigs from the second trimester until term. We show that fetal and placental biometry, as well as changes in the main vascular beds across pregnancy, compared qualitatively to data from humans. These findings emphasize that the guinea pig is a reliable model to study fetal development and placental function with translational significance for human pregnancy. Abstract Background: Biometrical and blood flow examinations are fundamental for assessing fetoplacental development during pregnancy. Guinea pigs have been proposed as a good model to study fetal development and related gestational complications; however, longitudinal growth and blood flow changes in utero have not been properly described. This study aimed to describe fetal and placental growth and blood flow of the main intrauterine vascular beds across normal guinea pig pregnancy and to discuss the relevance of this data for human pregnancy. Methods: Pregnant guinea pigs were studied from day 25 of pregnancy until term (day ~70) by ultrasound and Doppler assessment. The results were compared to human data from the literature. Results: Measurements of biparietal diameter (BPD), cranial circumference (CC), abdominal circumference, and placental biometry, as well as pulsatility index determination of umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery (MCA), and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR), were feasible to determine across pregnancy, and they could be adjusted to linear or nonlinear functions. In addition, several of these parameters showed a high correlation coefficient and could be used to assess gestational age in guinea pigs. We further compared these data to ultrasound variables from human pregnancy with high similarities. Conclusions: BPD and CC are the most reliable measurements to assess fetal growth in guinea pigs. Furthermore, this is the first report in which the MCA pulsatility index and CPR are described across guinea pig gestation. The guinea pig is a valuable model to assess fetal growth and blood flow distribution, variables that are comparable with human pregnancy.
Short-Range Numerical Weather Prediction Using Time-Lagged Ensembles

Abstract A time-lagged ensemble forecast system is developed using a set of hourly initialized Rapid Update Cycle model deterministic forecasts. Both the ensemble-mean and probabilistic forecasts from this time-lagged ensemble system present a promising improvement in the very short-range weather forecasting of 1–3 h, which may be useful for aviation weather prediction and nowcasting applications. Two approaches have been studied to combine deterministic forecasts with different initialization cycles as the ensemble members. The first method uses a set of equally weighted time-lagged forecasts and produces a forecast by taking the ensemble mean. The second method adopts a multilinear regression approach to select a set of weights for different time-lagged forecasts. It is shown that although both methods improve short-range forecasts, the unequally weighted method provides the best results for all forecast variables at all levels. The time-lagged ensembles also provide a sample of statistics, which can be.
A Comparative Study on Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Secretome Delivery Using Microneedling and Fractional CO2 Laser for Facial Skin Rejuvenation

Background The efficacy of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) secretome for skin aging has been established, yet no studies hitherto directly investigated the best administration method for such purpose. Purpose We aimed to compare microneedling (MN) versus fractional CO2 laser (FL) as methods of delivery for ADMSCs secretome in the treatment of aging skin. Patients and Methods A single-blind, randomized split-face clinical trial was conducted on 30 Indonesian women (aged 35–59 years old) with signs of facial cutaneous senescence. Their initial aging status was assessed by dermoscopy photoaging scale (DPAS) and Janus-III measurement system. In the second and fourth weeks, all participants were treated with both MN and FL, followed by the application of a four-fold concentrated ADMSC secretome. The assignment of which side of the face received MN or FL was done by computer-based randomization. Skin parameters were reevaluated on the fourth and sixth weeks, along with patient satisfaction, level of comfort, preference for administration techniques, and also adverse events experienced during the study. Appropriate statistical analyses were subsequently performed at a significance level of 0.05. Results Significant improvements in total DPAS and wrinkles were found in the MN and FL groups at the end of the trial. In contrast, no statistical differences in all parameters were observed between groups in the fourth and sixth weeks. FL scored higher than MN for satisfaction and preference, but lower in terms of comfort. Pain, burning sensation, and itch were the side effects experienced by subjects upon treatment. Two patients had prolonged reddish skin succeeding FL treatment, which relieved with moisturizer application. Conclusion Both MN and FL yielded comparable results for improving several skin aging features. However, subjective preference for ADMSCs secretome administration method may differ when considering satisfaction, comfort, and possible adverse events.
On Ohmic heating in the Earth's core I: Nutation constraints

SUMMARY We present calculations to place formal lower bounds on the energy dissipated by the magnetic field in the core. These bounds are discovered by solving for 3-D magnetic fields in the Earth’s core that are optimally configured for minimizing the dissipation. Such bounds are relevant for addressing the balance of heat flow through the core–mantle boundary into the mantle, and thus for constraining Earth’s history scenarios. The bounds we derive are based on a number of different constraints. We use observed values of the magnetic field at the core–mantle boundary for epoch 2001, and also the root-mean-square values of the radial magnetic field on the inner core boundary and the core mantle boundary inferred from interpretations of the Earth’s nutations. A formal lower bound for the dissipation based on all the constraints is almost 10 GW. This lower bound is achieved for a 3-D magnetic field configuration that has very unlikely features. We present two further geophysically reasonable (but no longer rigorous) calculations that raise the dissipation towards 100 GW, not dissimilar to other recent estimates of dissipation.
Quantifying the Chirality of Vibrational Modes in Helical Molecular Chains

The lack of quantitative methods for studying chirality has stunted our theoretical understanding of chirality-induced physical phenomena. The chiral phonon has been proposed to be involved in various physical phenomena, but it is not yet well defined mathematically. Here we examine two approaches for assigning and quantifying the chirality of molecular normal modes in double-helical molecular wires with various levels of twist. First, associating with each normal mode a structure obtained by imposing the corresponding motion on a common atomic origin, we apply the Continuous Chirality Measure (CCM) to quantitatively assess the relationship between the chirality-weighted normal mode spectrum and the chirality of the underlying molecular structure. We find that increasing the amount of twist in the double helix shifts the mean normal mode CCM to drastically higher values, implying that the chirality of molecular normal modes is strongly correlated with that of the underlying molecular structure. Second, we assign to each normal mode a pseudoscaler defined as the product of atomic linear and angular momentum summed over all atoms, and we analyze the handedness of the normal mode spectrum with respect to this quantity. We find that twisting the double-chain structure introduces asymmetry between right and left-handed normal modes so that in twisted structures different frequency bands are characterized by distinct handedness. This may give rise to global phenomena such as thermal chirality.
Marginal order statistics in color image filtering

Color images are two-dimensional, three-channel stochastic signals. Their statistical characterization is quite different from that of black and white images (single-channel, two-dimensional signals). This paper investigates the extension of the concept of ordering and order statistics filtering to multichannel and color images. Marginal order statistics is the most straightforward extension to multichannel filtering. Marginal median filtering is the same as median filtering each channel independently. However, its statistical analysis is not a simple extension of the analysis of the single-channel case. The statistical analysis of marginal order filtering for color images is provided.
A GENERALIZATION OF THE CLASSICAL DISCRETE DISTRIBUTIONS

ABSTRACT Some results related to the family of Inflated-parameter generalized power series distributions (IGPSD) are presented. The probability mass functions, useful properties, and recursion formulas are given. A characterization of the Inflated-parameter geometric distribution in terms of the ρ-type lack of memory property is given. The distributions are discussed as counting distributions in risk theory.
HETEROSKEDASTIC TIME SERIES WITH A UNIT ROOT

In this paper we provide a unified theory, and associated invariance principle, for the large-sample distributions of the Dickey–Fuller class of statistics when applied to unit root processes driven by innovations displaying nonstationary stochastic volatility of a very general form. These distributions are shown to depend on both the spot volatility and the integrated variation associated with the innovation process. We propose a partial solution (requiring any leverage effects to be asymptotically negligible) to the identified inference problem using a wild bootstrap–based approach. Results are initially presented in the context of martingale differences and are later generalized to allow for weak dependence. Monte Carlo evidence is also provided that suggests that our proposed bootstrap tests perform very well in finite samples in the presence of a range of innovation processes displaying nonstationary volatility and/or weak dependence.
The safety and efficacy of remimazolam tosylate for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing elective surgery: Study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, single-blind, positive-controlled clinical trial

Introduction: Remimazolam is an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine sedative agent commonly used in general anesthesia, procedural sedation, and intensive care unit (ICU) sedation. This study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of remimazolam versus propofol for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in preschool-age children undergoing elective surgery. Methods and analysis: In this multicenter, randomized, single-blind, positive-controlled non-inferior clinical trial, one hundred ninety-two children aged 3–6 years will be randomly allocated as a 3:1 ratio into two groups: Group R with an intravenous dose of remimazolam 0.3 mg/kg for the induction of anesthesia followed by a constant infusion rate of remimazolam 1–3 mg/kg/h to maintain anesthesia, and Group P with an intravenous dose of propofol 2.5 mg/kg for the induction of anesthesia followed by a constant infusion rate of propofol 4–12 mg/kg/h to maintain anesthesia. The primary outcome will be the rate of the successful induction and maintenance of anesthesia. The secondary outcomes will include the time to LoC, the Bispectral Index (BIS) value, awakening time, extubation time, post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) discharge time, usage of additional sedative drugs during the induction period, usage of remedial drugs in PACU, emergence delirium, pain in PACU, behavior scores at day 3 after surgery, parental and anesthesiologists’ satisfaction, and adverse events. Ethics and dissemination: This study has been approved by the ethics review boards at all participating hospitals. The Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Reference No. LCKY 2020-380, November 13, 2020) is the central ethics committee.