Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Woodbury Formation (Campanian) in New Jersey yields largest known Cretaceous otolith assemblage of teleostean fishes in North America

ABSTRACT. Teleostean otoliths have been recovered from the upper portion of the Woodbury Formation (early-middle Campanian) at the Stone Bridge locality in southern New Jersey, and their occurrence is highly significant for several reasons. First, otoliths are virtually unknown in the New Jersey Cretaceous since most of the formations have been extensively leached, which destroys the aragonitic otoliths. Second, the number of otoliths obtained from the Woodbury Formation is unprecedented with 3,555 specimens recovered, which represents the largest Cretaceous otolith assemblage ever described from North America. Finally, the otoliths are fairly well preserved allowing taxonomic assignment. These factors coupled with the early-middle Campanian age (approximately 83.6 ± 0.2 Ma to 77.9 ± 0.2 Ma) result in one of the oldest, most prolific fish assemblages represented by otoliths, not just in North America, but in the world. Otoliths may indicate the presence of at least 29 teleostean taxa representing 14 families including megalopids, albulids (including pterothrissids), gonostomatids, aulopids, paraulopids, trachichthyids, berycoids, pempherids, and several percomorphs. Sedimentological and paleontological data, including the otoliths, suggest a shallow, marine paleoenvironment (less than 100 m) influenced by major rivers and deltas. The evolutionary implications of the Woodbury otolith assemblage are quite important. Otoliths of percomorphs are present and provide evidence, not yet indicated by skeletal remains, that extend into the Campanian the known time ranges of several taxa. The Woodbury perciform otoliths corroborate several recent major molecular dating studies of teleosts (DNA sequencing of mitochondrial and nuclear genes with fossil age constraints). This study also represents the first systematic study of Cretaceous otoliths from New Jersey and contributes substantially to a better understanding of the Late Cretaceous teleosts in New Jersey.
Soil Organic Carbon Accumulation in Abandoned Croplands on the Loess Plateau

The Grain to Green Program in China which began in 1999 led to the conversion of 0.64 million ha of cropland to grassland on steep sloping landscapes. However, the pattern of natural vegetation succession following cropland has not been well represented in previous regional syntheses of land use change effects on soil organic carbon (SOC). A chronosequence study focusing on the vegetation succession and soil carbon stocks was conducted in the center of the Loess Plateau. The chronosequence included fields of 0, 2, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15 and 25 years of self‐restoration after cropland abandonment, as well as a natural grassland reference. Plant coverage, species richness and plant biomass increased significantly with time of cropland abandonment. Over time, the species composition more nearly resembled a natural grasslands community. Cropland abandonment replenished SOC stocks by 3.6 kg C m−2 during the 25‐year self‐restoration, but the SOC accumulation was restricted to the upper soil profiles (0–60 cm). SOC accumulation rate was 88 g C m−2 y−1 in 0–30 cm and 55 g C m−2 y−1 in 30–60 cm soil depth, respectively. These carbon stocks were still significantly lower than those found in the natural grassland soil. Our results suggest that the recovery of plant communities and SOC stocks appears to be slow in this semiarid environment without revegetation effort along with appropriate field management, although the post‐agricultural soils have a high potential for carbon sequestration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water yield and sediment export in small, partially glaciated Alpine watersheds in a warming climate

Climate change is expected to modify the hydrological and geomorphological dynamics of mountain watersheds significantly, so impacting on downstream water yield and sediment supply. However, such watersheds are often poorly instrumented, making it difficult to link recent and rapid climate change to landscape response. Here we combine unique records of river flow and sediment export, with historical archival imagery to test the hypothesis that climate warming has substantially increased both water yield and sediment export from small Alpine watersheds (<3 km2) characterized by small (<0.5 km2 surface) glaciers. To examine ice and landform response to climate change, we apply archival digital photogrammetry to historical aerial imagery available from 1967 to present. We use the resulting data on ice loss, in combination with reliable records of stream flow from hydroelectric power intakes and climate data to approximate a water budget and to determine the evolution of different contributions to river flow. We use the stream flow records to estimate volumetric sediment transport capacity and compare this with the volumes of sand and gravel exported from the watersheds, quantified from records of intake flushing. The data show clearly that climate forcing since the early 1980s has been accompanied by a net increase in both water yield and sediment transport capacity, and we attribute these as signals of reduced snow accumulation and glacier recession. However, sediment export has not responded in the same way and we attribute this to limits on sediment delivery to streams because of poor rockwall‐hillslope‐channel connectivity. However, we do find that extreme climate conditions can be seen in sediment export data suggesting that these, rather than mean climate warming, may dominate watershed response.
Dystrophic epidermolysis with dilation of esophageal stricture: A case report

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is a rare disease and the associated esophageal stricture is frequently complicated by the lack of clinical experience. The present study reported a very rare case of DEB in a 37-year-old male, who was admitted to Shenzhen Hospital (Shenzhen, China) due to an esophageal stricture. The patient received esophageal dilation under digital subtraction angiography. In this patient, dilation therapy was effective and safe. The patient underwent skin biopsies, and histological examination of the resected tissue specimens confirmed DEB diagnosis. The patient was followed up in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, for 2 years without any recurrence of esophageal stricture. This is the first case report of dilation therapy in a very rare case of DEB with a satisfactory outcome, but the long-term efficacy needs further observation. In addition, the latest relevant literature was reviewed and it was found that this treatment is uncommonly reported, as is the condition.
Geology and tectono‐metamorphic evolution of the Himalayan metamorphic core: insights from the Mugu Karnali transect, Western Nepal (Central Himalaya)

New structural and tectono‐metamorphic data are presented from a geological transect along the Mugu Karnali valley, in Western Nepal (Central Himalaya), where an almost continuous cross‐section from the Lesser Himalaya Sequence to the Everest Series through the medium‐high‐grade Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS) is exposed. Detailed meso‐ and micro‐structural analyses were carried out along the transect. Pressure (P)–temperature (T) conditions and P–T–deformation paths for samples from different structural units were derived by calculating pseudosections in the MnNKCFMASHT system. Systematic increase of P–T conditions, from ~0.75 GPa to 560 °C up to ≥1.0 GPa–750 °C, has been detected starting from the garnet zone up to the K‐feldspar + aluminosilicate zone. Our investigation reveals how these units are characterized by different P–T evolutions and well‐developed tectonic boundaries. Integrating our meso‐ and micro‐structural data with those of metamorphism and geochronology, a diachronism in deformation and metamorphism can be highlighted along the transect, where different crustal slices were underthrust, metamorphosed and exhumed at different times. The GHS is not a single tectonic unit, but it is composed of (at least) three different crustal slices, in agreement with a model of in‐sequence shearing by accretion of material from the Indian plate, where coeval activity of basal thrusting at the bottom with normal shearing at the top of the GHS is not strictly required for its exhumation.
Evaluation of scrotal pathology: an observational study

Background: Scrotal issues often prompt patients to seek evaluation through physical examinations and scrotal ultrasonography. Accurate diagnosis requires a comprehensive exploration of potential conditions, with both grayscale ultrasonography (USG) and duplex Color Doppler ultrasonography employed for assessment. Methods: This prospective observational study, conducted at Dhaka Medical College Hospital in Bangladesh from July 2004 to June 2005, aimed to compare the effectiveness of grayscale ultrasonography and duplex color Doppler ultrasonography in evaluating scrotal pathology. Fifty-two patients with intra-scrotal disease were included using purposive sampling. Grayscale USG and duplex color Doppler ultrasonography were performed, and demographic and clinical data were processed using MS Excel and SPSS version 23.0. Results: Grayscale ultrasonography identified hydrocele, varicocele, and epididymitis in 21%, 15%, and 13.5% of cases, respectively. Color Doppler imaging revealed various pathologies, with varicocele and hydrocele most common (21.20%). Diagnostic accuracy varied between the two techniques, with Color Doppler excelling in specific conditions such as testicular torsion (100% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity). Overall, Color Doppler demonstrated superior accuracy (96.10%) compared to grayscale (80%). Conclusions: While both grayscale ultrasonography and duplex Color Doppler ultrasonography are valuable tools for evaluating scrotal pathology, the latter demonstrates superiority in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Color Doppler's effectiveness in diagnosing specific conditions suggests its preference for comprehensive scrotal assessments.
Effectiveness of State Developed and Implemented Forestry Best Management Practices in the United States

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv TABLE OF CONTENTS . v LIST OF FIGURES . vii LIST OF TABLES . viii 1.0 Introduction . 1 1.1 Objectives. 3 References . 5 2.0 EFFECTIVENESS OF FORESTRY BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN THE UNITED STATES: LITERATURE REVIEW . 7 2.1 Abstract . 7 2.2 Introduction . 8 2.3 Forestry BMP Effectiveness Study Literature Review Methodology . 11 2.4 Southern States. 11 2.4. 1 Academia . 12 2.4. 2 State . 20 2.4. 3 Federal . 21 2.4. 4 Industry . 22 2.5 Northern States . 31 2.5. 1 Academia . 32 2.5. 2 State . 34 2.5. 3 Federal . 35 2.5. 4 Non-Profit . 37 2.6 Western States . 45 2.6. 1 Academia . 46 2.6. 2 Federal . 48 2.6. 3 State . 52 2.6. 4 Industry . 54 2.6. 5 Private . 55 2.6. 6 Non-Profit . 55 2.7 Conclusion . 66 2.7. 1 Overall BMP effectiveness study conclusions. 66 2.7. 2 Specific BMP guideline conclusions . 67 2.8 Acknowledgements . 67 Literature Cited . 68 3.0 NATIONAL STATUS OF STATE DEVELOPED AND IMPLEMENTED FORESTRY BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN THE UNITED STATES . 77 3.1 Abstract . 77 3.2 Introduction . 77 3.3 Methods . 81 3.3.1 BMP survey . 81 3.3.2 Statistical analysis . 82 3.4 Results . 82 3.4. 1 BMP manual and guidelines . 82
A Double-Head Global Reasoning Network for Object Detection of Remote Sensing Images

Object detection of remote sensing images is a fundamental and important task for a wide range of applications, such as agriculture, military, and geological exploration. However, it is still a challenging task due to complex background, heavy occlusion, and object ambiguities. Complex remote sensing scenes contain rich visual and spatial relationships between proposals, while most existing methods ignore these relationships. In this article, we introduce a novel double-head global reasoning network (DGRN), which endows an object detection model with the ability to adapt global reasoning by propagating visual and spatial embeddings between positive proposals (foreground) and negative proposals (background). Instead of propagating the features of positive proposals, we evolve high-level embeddings globally to explore potential information in all proposals. Specifically, our method first classifies and locates positive proposals and negative proposals simultaneously, and then adaptively learns two sparse region-to-region undirected graphs for classification and location, respectively. Finally, the graph reasoning module (GRM) conducts the propagation of proposals’ embedding to improve the performance of object classification and localization. Without any prior knowledge, our DGRN method explores reasoning graphs between proposals for object classification and location, respectively, and then uses graph convolutional neural network (GCN) to propagate information and achieve relational reasoning. Our method is light-weighted and flexible enough to enhance many object detection models, making object detection models the capability of relational reasoning. The experimental results on DOTA and DIOR showed that the proposed method had better detection performance than object detection networks without considering relationships.
ChatGPT-4 for Hospitality: Implications

The aim of this study is to examine the several applications of ChatGPT-4 for the hospitality industry and to provide an agenda of research for investigating the potential implications of this model in the domain of hospitality. Questions, based on studies in the literature, were asked to ChatGPT-4 to see the opportunities it can offer to the hotel industry. This study, which discusses chatbots and artificial intelligence, suggests several potential applications of ChatGPT for the hospitality sector. The study’s suggestions are derived from previous research conducted on ChatGPT and a review of existing literature related to the topic. It is quite likely that ChatGPT-4 will have a significant influence on the hospitality industry. This chatbot will probably contribute to concierge services, booking hotels for tourists, giving feedback, room services, translation, training employees, operational efficiency, marketing hotels, and travel guidance.
Elastography evaluation of normal thyroid gland and its comparison with diffuse non nodular enlarged thyroid gland using strain ultrasound elastography

Background: The thyroid gland is located in the anterior part of neck, spanning between C5 and T1 vertebra and is located anterior to the thyroid and cricoids cartilage of larynx and first three tracheal rings. Ultrasonography has been widely used for diagnosis of thyroid disease it is highly regarded for its ease of use, real-time capability, portability and low cost.Methods: The current observational study was conducted in Department of Radiology, Dr. BRAM Hospital, Pt. JNM Medical College, Raipur, India. Consecutive sampling method was used for the study. All the cases coming to radiology department during the study period were taken as study subjects.Results: Of the normal subjects, author found 107 normal thyroid subjects and 53 patients were categorized into cases with diffuse non-nodular thyroid swelling groups. Of the diffuse thyroid swelling group about 85% of the study population is between 20-50 years of age group, 13.2% were <20 years of age and one patient is >50 years of age. Females to male ratio for diffuse thyroid disease is 3.4:1.Conclusions: Ultrasound elastography (USE) is a newly developed non-invasive method to evaluate and compare the elasticity of the thyroid gland and other organs like liver, prostate, parotid, breast pathologies. Its use is based on the principle that pathological changes in a tissue also changes its elasticity.
INDICATORS OF FRAUD IN FINANCIAL REPORTING IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

Companies can use various manipulative techniques when preparing general-purpose financial statements in order to present better financial position and better performance. Fraudulent financial statements can lead their users to wrong decisions and, consequently, cause big losses and distort confidence in the financial reporting system. Therefore, it is important to timely discover and prevent financial reporting frauds. Timely detection of fraud is one of the key tasks of forensic accountants, who should pay attention to fraud indicators, i.e. warning signs of fraud. Warning signs are not evidence of fraud but point to the need for a more detailed investigation. The aim of the research in this paper is to examine whether there are warning signs and to understand the degree of fraud risk in financial reporting by analyzing financial statements of companies in the Republic of Serbia. The research is conducted on a sample of 42 companies. By applying the Beneish model, we find that the general fraud risk is not insignificant. Borrowing activities of companies are identified as a significant source of this risk, while forensic accountants should pay special attention to income recognition and accrual items, i.e., items related to recognition of income and expenses before or after cash inflows or outflows, including depreciation. Higher risk of fraud is identified in manufacturing companies and financial institutions than in trade and service companies. The research results indicate the need to strengthen the mechanisms of financial reporting control in the Republic of Serbia.
The Lotus angustissumus Group (Fabaceae): Can Phylogenetic Patterns Be Accommodated by a Taxonomic Concept?

The Lotus angustissimus group represents an example of obvious contradictions between the molecular and morphological data. This group includes from six to eight mostly annual species of Lotus section Lotus, with the center of species diversity in the Mediterranean. We performed a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Lotus with an expanded representation of all known species of the L. angustissimus group using both nuclear (nrITS) and a set of plastid DNA markers and compared the results with traditional taxonomy of this group. Our results demonstrated a non-monophyletic nature of the study group. In addition, the nrITS and plastid dataset tree topologies were incongruent with each other in both Bayesian and ML analyses. We revealed very complex phylogenetic relationships among the species of the group. Important results obtained in this study are: (1) genetic and geographical differentiation in the latitudinal direction (between L. angustissimus and L. praetermissus) and in the longitudinal direction among closely related accessions identified as L. castellanus, L. lourdes-santiagoi and L. palustris; (2) close genetic links between the Anatolian endemic L. macrotrichus and L. praetermissus from Eastern Europe and Central Asia; and (3) the hybrid nature of L. subbiflorus with L. parviflorus as its presumed male parent species. These results are discussed in the context of morphology, biogeography and taxonomy.
Influence of Stress Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse on Depression, Anxiety, and Insomnia—A Comparative Observational Study

Background: Among pelvic floor disorders (PFDs), overactive bladder is a well-recognized condition affecting mental health. The aim of this study was to assess whether there is a correlation between stress urinary incontinence (SUI), pelvic organ prolapse (POP), and mental health in comparison to control subjects and whether objective or subjective aspects of diseases are responsible for the aforementioned symptoms. Methods: 192 patients with SUI, 271 with symptomatic prolapse (>2 in the POPQ scale), and 199 controls without pelvic floor disorders were included in this study. Patients completed questionnaires assessing levels of depression, anxiety, and insomnia. The 1-h pad test and IIQ-7 questionnaires were collected in SUI. The pelvic organ prolapse quantification scale and the POPDI6, UDI6, and CRADI-8 questionnaires were used in POP patients. Results: Higher scores in psychiatric scales were observed in SUI (p < 0.05) and POP (p < 0.05) compared to control. There were no correlations between the objective severity of PFDs and psychological symptoms, while subjective complaints correlated with psychological health. In conclusion, we showed that subjective perceptions of SUI and POP are factors that augment psychiatric symptoms, while objective severity is not correlated with mental status. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that patients with PFDs necessitate multidisciplinary attention, including psychiatric care.
KONSEP HUKUM MODERN: SUATU PERSPEKTIF KEINDONESIAAN, INTEGRASI SISTEM HUKUM AGAMA DAN SISTEM HUKUM NASIONAL

Indonesia is known as a country with a mixed legal system. The current legal system is dominated by three major legal systems, namely Western legal system, customary legal system and Islamic legal system. The mixing of legal systems has been an emerging problem, because basically each legal system has a different character. The most basic problem is unbalancing in the formation of legal system in consequence of the dominance of Western legal system from customary and religious legal system. This paper try to analyze the concept of integration of religious legal system in the national legal system to make its position can be balanced. Based on the analysis, the concept of Three Pillars of Modern Legal Systems is suitable for the modern Indonesian legal system in order to integrate the diversity of cultures, customs and religions.
DIRECT OBSERVATION OF SAFETY BELT USE IN MICHIGAN: FALL 1997

The present survey reports the results of a direct observation survey of safety belt use conducted in the fall of 1997. In this study, 10,307 occupants traveling in four vehicle types (passenger cars, sport-utility vehicles, vans, and pickup trucks) were surveyed between August 28 and September 18, 1997. Belt use was estimated separately for each vehicle type. Within each vehicle type, belt use by age, gender, road type, day of week, and time of day was calculated. Overall belt use for passenger cars was 70.1%, 69.5% for sport-utility vehicles, 68.7% for vans, and 56.6% for pickup trucks. The safety belt use rate for passenger cars did not change from last year. While still the lowest rate by any vehicle type, the use rate for pickup trucks increased nearly 10 percentage points from last year's survey. For all vehicle types, belt use was higher for females than males, and for children three years of age or younger. In general, belt use was high during the morning commute, and belt use did not vary systematically by time of day, day of week, or weather conditions. The results suggest that maintenance of effective public information and education programs, increased enforcement of secondary belt use laws, implementation of standard enforcement of mandatory safety belt use, and targeting programs at low use populations, could be effective in increasing compliance with the safety belt use law.