Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison between ARIMA and Fuzzy Time Series Methods in Predicting Daily COVID-19 Outbreak in Malaysia

COVID-19 is a viral infection caused by a recently identified coronavirus that has impacted the lives of millions of people worldwide. In Malaysia, the number of COVID-19 cases has been increasing since 2021. This study aims to find the best model for forecasting the number of new confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Malaysia by comparing Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Fuzzy Time Series models. ARIMA is commonly used for time-series analysis, forecasting, and control, while Fuzzy Time Series provides an alternative approach for predicting COVID-19 outbreaks. The error measures used to compare the models include Mean Square Error, Root Mean Square Error, and Mean Absolute Percentage Error. The study's results demonstrate that the Fuzzy Time Series model has the smallest error measure values compared to ARIMA, indicating that it is more accurate.
Schoolwork in meaningful student learning

Homework is part of a practice established in education with multiple purposes and benefits. Non-compliance with school tasks is identified as a problem of the study. The objective of the study is to analyze homework in the meaningful learning of students, its development covers the importance of homework, the role of parents in the control of homework and strategies to strengthen the meaningful learning of students. Starting from school tasks, which according to Varela is useful and helps significantly to achieve learning achievements in students, David Ausubel presents an approach that aims at teaching-learning with significant actions, where the student attributes a value to what learn. The methodology has a mixed approach, bibliographic-documentary, and field type, it was carried out in the Juan Montalvo Educational Unit No. 41, inductive, deductive, analytical and synthetic methods were used, the technique applied was the survey of parents and the interview with teachers.
A rare delayed onset of esophageal varices and portal vein thrombosis in a ten-year-old patient following umbilical vein catheterization

Introduction and significance: Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is not commonly observed in patients, particularly those who have gone through neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stays and had umbilical catheters. Although PVT can potentially cause hypertension and gastrointestinal bleeding it is highly unusual for this condition to manifest during childhood. Case presentation: The authors present a case of a 10-year-old child who developed portal hypertension, esophageal varices, and multiple thrombophilia associated mutations. This child was born prematurely. Had to stay in the NICU, where an umbilical venous catheter was used which likely triggered the development of PVT. At the age of 7 he started experiencing distension, anemia and low platelet count, which eventually led to splenectomy. On at the age of 10 he began experiencing episodes of bleeding. Was diagnosed with esophageal varices and portal gastropathy. Through procedures, like Histoacryl glue injection and band ligation bleeding was successfully controlled. Genetic analysis revealed mutations associated with thrombophilia. Clinical discussion: This case highlights how rare it is for older children to develop PVT and emphasizes the possibility of delayed onset symptoms following catheterization. The placement of catheters in NICUs can disrupt blood flow and increase the likelihood of clot formation. The presence of hypertension resulting from PVT can lead to complications such as varices. Effective control, over bleeding was achieved through interventions. Importantly, the presence of ACE I/D, FXIII Val34Leu, and Factor V Leiden mutations introduces an aspect to this scenario. It is worth noting that these mutations are not commonly linked to thrombophilia or clotting disorders. Conclusion: This case highlights pediatric PVT, emphasizing the need for a collaborative approach among gastroenterologists, hematologists, and geneticists. Further research is required to understand PVT mechanisms and long-term implications, aiding in diagnosis and management, especially when it appears in late childhood. Evaluation is crucial in deciphering thrombophilia-related complications in the context of hypertension.
Human emotional evaluation of ancestral and modern threats: fear, disgust, and anger

Introduction Animal and human ancestors developed complex physiological and behavioral response systems to cope with two types of threats: immediate physical harm from predators or conspecifics, triggering fear, and the risk of infections from parasites and pathogens leading to the evolution of the behavioral immune system with disgust as the key emotion. Integration of the evolutionary concepts of the fear module and behavioral immune systems has been infrequent, despite the significant survival advantages of disgust in various contexts. Studies comparing attention to ancestral and modern threats accompanied by fear have yielded ambiguous results and what qualifies as salient modern disgusting stimuli remains unclear. We do not know whether disgust or the behavioral immune system, as inherent aspects of human psychology, have adapted to safeguard us from pandemic risks or poisoning by modern toxic substances. Methods To test these effects, we have developed a survey comprised of 60 short vignettes describing threats evoking fear and disgust belonging to one of the three main categories of threats: (1) ancestral (phylogenetic), (2) modern (ontogenetic), and (3) pandemics of airborne disease. Each vignette was evaluated on a 7-point Likert scale based on fear, disgust, and anger. In total, 660 respondents completed the survey. The data were analysed using a factor analysis and general linear model with the respondent as a random factor. Results The results show that the strongest fear is triggered by modern threats (electricity, car accidents), while the highest disgust is evoked by ancient threats (body waste products, worms, etc.). Interestingly, disgust does not respond to modern threat stimuli such as toxic substances or radioactivity as these evoke mainly fear and anger. Finally, a distinct response pattern was found for pandemic threats, in which both fear (e.g., of disease and death) and disgust (e.g., of used face masks) are employed. Discussion Our study offers valuable insights into the emotional responses to ancestral and modern threats and their adaptation to pandemic challenges. Ancestral threats are not always more powerful stimuli than adequate threats of the modern type, but they function specifically. Thus, snakes and heights as fear-inducing ancestral threats form separate factors in a multivariate analysis, whereas all ancestral disgust stimuli group together. The threat of a pandemic forms a specific category and people process it emotionally and cognitively. These insights contribute to our understanding of human psychology and behavior in an ever-changing world.
Investigating the Potential of Land Use Modifications to Mitigate the Respiratory Health Impacts of NO2: A Case Study in the Portland-Vancouver Metropolitan Area

i Dedication.iv Acknowledgements . v List of Tables . x List of Figures . xii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Urban air pollution . 1 Spatial and temporal variability of air pollutants . 4 Health and environmental impacts of urban air pollutants . 5 Current challenges in mitigating urban air pollution . 7 Assessing the health impact of urban air pollution . 8 Mitigating intra-urban air pollution . 9 The role of trees in the urban environment . 10 Scope of dissertation research . 13 Chapter 2: Measuring and Modeling NO2 in the Portland-Vancouver area . 17 Abstract . 17 Introduction . 18 Methods and materials . 22 Developing annual NO2 LUR and LURF models for Portland-Vancouver using national datasets.27 Assessing the performance of the LURF model . 32 Comparing the LURF annual NO2 predictions with LUR . 34 Developing the summer NO2 LUR and LURF models for the Portland Metro area . 35 Results and Discussion . 36 Developing annual NO2 LUR and LURF models for Portland-Vancouver using national datasets.36 Assessing the NO2 random forest model . 42 Comparing the annual NO2 predictions from LUR and LURF . 45 Summer NO2 LUR and LURF models for the Portland Metro area . 47 Conclusion . 50
Diagnostic Accuracy of MRI in Detecting the Perineural Spread of Head and Neck Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The purpose of this study was to review the diagnostic accuracy of MRI in detecting perineural spreading (PNS) of head and neck tumors using histopathological or surgical evidence from the afflicted nerve as the reference standard. Previous studies in the English language published in the last 30 years were searched from PubMed and Embase databases. We included studies that used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (with and without contrast enhancement) to detect PNS, as well as the histological or surgical confirmation of PNS, and that reported the exact numbers of patients required for assessing diagnostic accuracy. The outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Heterogeneity was assessed with the Higgins inconsistency test (I2). P-values smaller than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. A total of 11 retrospective studies were found, reporting 319 nerve samples from 245 patients. Meta-analytic estimates and their 95% confidence intervals were as follows: sensitivity 0.85 (0.70–0.95), specificity 0.85 (0.80–0.89), PPV 0.86 (0.70–0.94), and NPV 0.85 (0.71–0.93). We found statistically significant heterogeneity for sensitivity (I2 = 72%, p = 0.003) and PPV (I2 = 70%, p = 0.038), but not for NPV (I2 = 65%, p = 0.119) or specificity (I2 = 12%, p = 0.842). The most frequent MRI features of PNS were nerve enlargement and enhancement. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma were the most common tumor types, and the facial and trigeminal nerves were the most commonly affected nerves in PNS. Only a few studies provided examples of false MRI diagnoses. MRI demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy in depicting PNS of cranial nerves, yet this statement was based on scarce and heterogeneous evidence.
Reconstruction of an Eyelid Defect Associated with Congenital Coloboma in a 7-Month-Old Male Infant Using an Acellular Dermal Allograft

Patient: Male, 7-month-old Final Diagnosis: Coloboma • congenital • eyelid Symptoms: Defect • lagophthalmos Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Ophthalmology Objective: Congenital defects/diseases Background: Congenital eyelid coloboma in children often faces complications such as keratitis, symblepharon, and amblyopia. Repairing defects involving at least 50% of the eyelid margin can be challenging. Acellular dermal allograft (ADA) has achieved excellent results as a substitute in adult eye plastic surgery, with minimal morbidity. This report describes a case of reconstruction of an eyelid defect in a 7-month-old male infant using an ADA. Case Report: A 7-month-old male infant was referred due to congenital eyelid coloboma in the left eye, which affected nearly one-half of the upper and lower eyelids medially, with more than 9 mm of lagophthalmos and lacrimal duct malformation inducing dacryocystitis. Under general anesthesia, A U-shaped silicone drainage tube was inserted in the nasolacrimal duct to ensure an unobstructed lacrimal duct. The symblepharon release, pseudopterygium excision, and medial canthus reconstruction were performed sequentially. Then, the upper eyelid defect was repaired through the advancement of the lateral segment of the eyelid, following lateral cantholysis. A trimmed ADA was placed as a substitute for the tarsal plate in the lower eyelid defect area and sutured with the free edge of the retractor. Finally, the lower and lateral skin orbicular muscle flap was advanced to cover the acellular dermis composite graft. The postoperative eyelid morphology was satisfactory. At 6 months after surgery, lower eyelid retraction gradually appeared. Conclusions: ADA is presented as an effective solution for reconstructing significant eyelid defects of infants. However, the potential of postoperative eyelid retraction still deserves future research and refinement in surgical techniques.
Diabetes Mellitus Mortality Trends in Brazil From 2000 to 2021: An In-Depth Joinpoint Analysis

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a public health concern in Brazil, with deleterious effects on quality of life and increasing mortality rates. The prevalence of diabetes in Brazil is on the rise, and it is imperative to understand its effects on mortality rates in the last two decades in order to effectively mitigate the detrimental impact of diabetes on public health. This study aims to analyze mortality trends related to diabetes in Brazil from 2000 to 2021, encompassing both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, across sex and various age cohorts. Using joinpoint regression analysis, temporal trends in Brazil were assessed, while also incorporating findings from previous studies and considering potential influencing factors, such as government initiatives and cuts in healthcare investment. The study revealed a general upward trend in mortality rates associated with DM1 and DM2 over the study period, in both males and females, with men showing a higher AAPC (average annual percent change), which translated into significantly increased mortality difference at the end of the study. Additionally, it revealed elevated mortality values for extreme age groups in the age cohorts studied, with the exception of middle-aged cohort groups in DM2, which showed an expected higher APC (annual percent change), considering the age of highest incidence of DM2 in those age groups. This comprehensive analysis provides critical insights into the escalating impact of diabetes on mortality rates in Brazil and highlights the urgent need for healthcare strategies. It is expected that the increased prevalence of diabetes in the Brazilian population adds an additional economic burden to healthcare expenditure by the Brazilian government, further worsening the health disparities among different social groups. Unless several political decisions to reduce healthcare expenditure are reversed, greater difficulties in accessing treatments will be detrimental for vulnerable social groups in Brazil. By understanding the nuanced patterns of diabetes-related mortality, healthcare providers and policymakers can allocate resources effectively and implement tailored interventions to better address diabetes in Brazil.
Effects of Low-Level Blast on Neurovascular Health and Cerebral Blood Flow: Current Findings and Future Opportunities in Neuroimaging

Low-level blast (LLB) exposure can lead to alterations in neurological health, cerebral vasculature, and cerebral blood flow (CBF). The development of cognitive issues and behavioral abnormalities after LLB, or subconcussive blast exposure, is insidious due to the lack of acute symptoms. One major hallmark of LLB exposure is the initiation of neurovascular damage followed by the development of neurovascular dysfunction. Preclinical studies of LLB exposure demonstrate impairment to cerebral vasculature and the blood–brain barrier (BBB) at both early and long-term stages following LLB. Neuroimaging techniques, such as arterial spin labeling (ASL) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have been utilized in clinical investigations to understand brain perfusion and CBF changes in response to cumulative LLB exposure. In this review, we summarize neuroimaging techniques that can further our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of blast-related neurotrauma, specifically after LLB. Neuroimaging related to cerebrovascular function can contribute to improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for LLB. As these same imaging modalities can capture the effects of LLB exposure in animal models, neuroimaging can serve as a gap-bridging diagnostic tool that permits a more extensive exploration of potential relationships between blast-induced changes in CBF and neurovascular health. Future research directions are suggested, including investigating chronic LLB effects on cerebral perfusion, exploring mechanisms of dysautoregulation after LLB, and measuring cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in preclinical LLB models.
Description of Assessment: Assessment for Learning and Assessment as Learning on Teacher Learning Assessment

Assessment becomes a self-developing learning instruction and requires a broader focus on feedback interventions, especially learners' responses to feedback and the learning environment in which feedback works. Study of the ability of teachers to reflect on the application of assessment in the learning process in the classroom. The purpose of this study is to analyze Assessment for Learning (AfL) and Assessment as Learning (AaL) in the learning process in the classroom. The research method used is a qualitative research method using an in-depth, focused interview. Data collection techniques in the form of reflective are analyzed using reduction analysis, presentation, and drawing conclusions from the data. The results of the interviews show that assessment is often used as a measure of learning success alone, without regard to the application of constructive feedback to help students improve their achievement competencies in mathematics learning. Assessment is still focused on giving grades or rankings that can result in competition between students, so they have not focused on improving the learning process. It gives stakeholders a clear and unified picture of how educational assessments relate to learning and can help educators assist and design assessment practices. The construct of Assessment for Learning (AfL) and Assessment as Learning (AaL) must be looked at consistently with each other to build an assessment culture that maximizes student learning.
Attributes of The Supervisory Board In Enhancing Innovation Performance

Supervisory board’s attribute as determinants of innovation performance has been investigated by previous research using a one-tier board system, such as in the US and UK. There is limited evidence in such a study in continental European corporate governance systems, such as Indonesia. A study using data from Indonesia with a unique two-tier board system may enrich the corporate governance literature. This study explores the supervisory board’s attributes in enhancing a company's innovation performance by using gender, tenure, and foreigners. The agency theory is applied to this study. The purposive sampling method was used to obtain data from 222 companies listed on IDX from 2014-2018. Using multivariate analysis, the result showed that gender and foreign supervisory board have no significant impact in enhancing better Company's innovation, with the ability to create better performance. However, the supervisory board's tenure has a significant positive relationship with innovation performance. Hence, the company size negatively influences innovation performance. This study has practical and theoretical implications, and they discuss in detail in the paper.
Study on the Quality of Water and Soil from Fish Pond in Around Bhimavaram West Godavari District, A.P., INDIA

The physico and chemical characteristics of water and soil in Aquaculture pond are investigated in Khariff (June and july) season before seedling with a view to optimize the fish productivity and to incorporate the scientific way of fish rearing in Palakoderu village, West Godavari District in Andhra Pradesh. The soil and water examples are collected in Khariff season before and after seedling. The samples are collected from six places and the soils and water are separately mixed to get a composite sample and it is collected in polyethylene bags and shifted to the laboratory. The analysis is carried out. The soil samples are analyzed in with respect to color, plasticity, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, sodium, organic carbon, heavy metals and electrical conductivity. Similarly water samples are analyzed with respect to color, turbidity, total solids, salinity, nitrates, calcium, Ammoniac. Nitrogen, phosphorous, chlorides, sulplhates, free CO 2 and heavy metals.
The relationship between parental awareness and self-efficacy with defecation control skills in Iranian toddlers

Background and aims: Toddlerhood is an important period of a child’s development to master the functioning of the bowel and bladder sphincters. In this regard, the present study aimed to determine the relationship between parental awareness, self-efficacy, and defecation control skills in Iranian toddlers. Methods: The present study was descriptive cross-sectional research. The questionnaires on Demographic information of children and parents, parental awareness and self-efficacy, and defecation control skills were completed by 72 mothers of children aged 18-24 months old in the city of Ramsar. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18, descriptive tests of mean and standard deviation, analytical tests of analysis of variance, independent t-test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: The results showed that the awareness and self-efficacy level was at a medium level of 17.70±2.9230. 54±7.15, and their children’s defecation control skill was at a high level8.88±2.91 respectively. Also, there was a positive significant relationship between parental awareness (r=0.19, P=0.02) and self-efficacy (r=0.20, P=0.01) with defecation control skills. There was a significant relationship between the mother’s occupation (P=0.04), the father’s age (P=0.04), and parental self-efficacy (P=0.04). In addition, a significant relationship was found between the child’s age (P=0.03) and the mother’s age (P=0.01) with the child’s defecation control skill. Conclusion: Promoting awareness and self-efficacy in training defecation control skills is a necessity for parents, and the policymakers should include the integrated care of children in the educational programs of the Ministry of Health so that it is included in the agenda of routine care of health centers in the country.
Worm Infections (Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis) in Elementary School Students

Environmental sanitation factors and human behavior factors are factors that greatly influence the occurrence of worm disease. The high incidence of worms is caused by environmental factors or demographic conditions in an area and is also influenced by community behavior. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of worms in elementary school students in Manggala District, Makassar City. This type of research is observational analytic with a cross-sectional study design. The population in this study were elementary school children in grades IV, V, and VI who attended SD Komplek Inpres, SD Perumnas Antang II, Manggala District, Makassar City, with a total sample of 61 samples. Sampling used the Systematic Random Sampling technique. This research found that 29.5% of elementary school students were positively infected, where Ascaris lumbricoides and Tricuris trichiura were the main infections. The results of the analysis showed that hand washing behavior (p=0.003), nail cleanliness (p=0.031), and clean water facilities (p=0.001) were significantly related to the incidence of worm infections in elementary school students, and the variable clean water facilities were the variable that most dominant in the incidence of worms in elementary school students.