Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt) (Hemiptera: Aphididae): A review

The mustard crop is more vulnerable to a wide variety of insect pests from sowing till harvest than other oil seed crops. The invasion by insect pests are one of the important factors responsible for low yield such as; mustard aphid, L. erysimi (Kalt), cabbage aphid, B. brassica (L), mustard sawfly, A. proxima (Klug), cabbage butterfly, P. brassicae (Linn), painted bug, B.picta (K), mustard leaf eater, S. litura(F), leaf miner, Ch. Horticola (Goureau) thrips, T. tabaci and whitefly, B. tabaci (Gennedius). Among them, L. erysimi Kalt enbach, (Aphididae: Homoptera) is the most devastating pest in India and is distributed in many other countries also found most preferred crop to sucking complex and six varieties of mustard. Aphids are small, soft-bodied, pearl-shaped insects that have a pair of cornicles (honey tubes) projecting out from the fifth or sixth abdominal segment. There are four nymphal stages (instars). The winged, female, adult aphids have a dusky green abdomen with dark lateral stripes separating the body segments and dusky wing veins. Male aphids are olive-green to brown in color. The aphid attacks generally during December and continues till March. The most favorable temperature is 200C or below. Cloudy and cold weather help in accelerating the growth of insects. About 45 generations are completed in a year.
Applications Of Silver Nanoparticles In Dentistry

Nanotechnology is a booming ield of research and innovation that aims at building materials on the scale of atoms and molecules. Essentially Nanotechnology is characterized as the plan, characterisation, creation and utilization of structures, gadgets and frameworks by controlled control of size and shape at the nanometer scale. It is a booming ield of this 21st century. Silver Nanoparticles are known for their various physical, chemical and quantum properties that make them unique. They have got excellent antimicrobial properties that extend their applications nearly in every sphere of life. Apart from the antimicrobial property, they show excellence in their Antiin lammatory and Anti-oxidation properties. Silver nanoparticles also have many optical, mechanical, biological and chemical properties that attribute to their enhanced performances in the evaluation and clinical assessments of mechanical devices and other biomaterials. Uses of SilverNanoparticles in the ield of dentistry is remarkable. Silver nanoparticles can be used in association with dental acrylic resins, intracanal medication and in implant coatings. The current study aims at discussing the applications of silver nanoparticles in various aspects of dentistry.
Growth, yield, economics, and nitrogen use efficiency of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) as influenced by different nitrogen management practices through neem (Azadirachta indica) coated urea

Although neem coated urea (NCU) has been found to increase nitrogen use efficiency in transplanted rice, there is a lack of information regarding its dose and split schedule. Keeping this in view, a field experiment was conducted at G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. Results showed that the maximum increment in growth, yield, and economics of rice was achieved with the application of 125% RDN through NCU with 50:25:25 split schedule at basal, AT and PI stages over application of 100% RDN through prilled urea with the same split schedule (existing practice). Further, application of 100% RDN through NCU with 50:25:25 or 33.3:33.3:33.3 split schedule at basal, AT and PI stages was found to enhance AE and PFP of applied nitrogen fertilizer over existing practice with improved growth, yield, and economics of rice.
Trends in suicide rates during the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions in a major German city

Abstract Aims It remains unclear whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having an impact on suicide rates (SR). Economic insecurity and mental disorders are risk factors for suicide, which may increase during the pandemic. Methods Data on suicide events in a major city in Germany, and the corresponding life years (LY) were provided by the local authorities. For the year 2020, periods without restrictions on freedom of movement and social contact were compared with periods of moderate and severe COVID-19 restrictions. To avoid distortions due to seasonal fluctuations and linear time trends, suicide risk during the COVID-19 pandemic was compared with data from 2010 to 2019 using an interrupted time series analysis. Results A total of 643 suicides were registered and 6 032 690 LY were spent between 2010 and 2020. Of these, 53 suicides and 450 429 LY accounted for the year 2020. In 2020, SR (suicides per 100 000 LY) were lower in periods with severe COVID-19 restrictions (SR = 7.2, χ2 = 4.033, p = 0.045) compared with periods without restrictions (SR = 16.8). A comparison with previous years showed that this difference was caused by unusually high SR before the imposition of restrictions, while SR during the pandemic were within the trend corridor of previous years (expected suicides = 32.3, observed suicides = 35; IRR = 1.084, p = 0.682). Conclusions SR during COVID-19 pandemic are in line with the trend in previous years. Careful monitoring of SR in the further course of the COVID-19 crisis is urgently needed. The findings have regional reference and should not be over-generalised.
Influence of Application Rate and Timing on Efficacy of DPX-PE350 Applied Postemergence

Broadleaf weed control with DPX-PE350 at 56, 84, 110, 140, and 170 g ae ha−1 applied postemergence was evaluated. DPX-PE350 was less effective and higher rates were required when applied to three- to six-leaf weeds compared to one- to two-leaf weeds. Listed in order of increasing susceptibility are sicklepod, tall morningglory, pitted morningglory = palmleaf morningglory, and entireleaf morningglory = hemp sesbania = velvetleaf.
Training impact upon teachers field trips projects: a preliminary evaluation

School visits to museums and science centres are considered a powerful learning resource when carefully planned and integrated into classroom activities. Well-designed visits imply a set of activities linked with the students’ curriculum and occurring during the visit as well as before and after. Preand post-visit occurrences are typically developed in the classroom. However, the literature has shown most teachers do not prepare for field trips, do not define the visit purpose and do not relate the school curriculum with museum's exhibits. In this work, we examined ten field trip projects developed by inservice teachers' participating in a training course where science education practical activities in formal, non-formal and informal contexts were explored. In particular, guidelines for selecting, planning, conducting, and evaluating field trips were provided. This qualitative descriptive-oriented study aimed to evaluate: (i) field trip projects developed by in-service teachers' before and after the training course, (ii) teacher’s didactic proposals to be developed with students before and after the training course. Results indicate that the teacher-training course contributed positively to the professional development of the in-service teachers with regard to their preparation of field trips to museums and science centres. Furthermore, teachers recognised the importance of planning preand post-visit activities to optimize students' learning. This study contributes to improve future teacher training courses related to effective planning of field trips to museums and science centres.
Replacement Charolais cows grazing a Leucaena leucocephala-Cynodon nlemfuensis association: economic and financial indicators

An economic and financial assessment was carried out of the rearing of replacement Charolais cows grazing star grass and Leucaena in association and without association. The study was developed in the Cattle Breeding and Rearing Enterprise “Manuel Fajardo”, Granma province. One hundred twenty animals were used distributed in two treatments: a) association and b) star grass monoculture in two successive cycles with a stocking rate of 1 animal.ha-1 and 50 g of minerals.animal-1.d-1. Records of the costs.treatment-1 were completed with fixed, variable, indirect and investment costs. The following indicators were estimated: total cost, production value, profit or economic loss, cost. animal-1, cost. kg-1 of live weight, cost.peso produced ($-1), cost.ha-1, benefit.cost-1 ratio, gross margin.animal-1, gross income and profitability. The American dollar was used as monetary pattern. The satisfactory economic indicators were registered for both cycles in the association. The second cycle showed the best result with a benefit.cost ratio-1 of 1.15. The monoculture showed economic losses. All financial indicators were positive in the association, though its benefits were corroborated on incorporating the females to reproduction at 19 months of age. Results from this experiment evidenced the economic advantages of silvograzing for rearing replacement cows of the Charolais genotype as a sustainable alternative for tropical cattle production. Key words: cows, cattle rearing, silvograzing, economy
The Politics of Trade Adjustment Versus Trade Protection

The United States’ Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) program seeks to help workers transition away from jobs lost to import competition. By contrast, trade remedies like antidumping seek to directly reduce the effect of competition at the border. Though they have very different economic effects, we show that trade adjustment and protectionism act as substitutes. Using the first geo-coded measure of US trade protectionist demands, we show that controlling for trade shocks, counties with a history of successful TAA petitions see fewer calls for trade protection. This effect holds when we confine our analysis to the steel industry, a heavy user of antidumping duties. And though they are both means of addressing import exposure, the two policy options have distinct political effects: in particular, successful TAA petitions carry a significant electoral benefit for Democratic candidates. Greater recognition of the substitutability of trade compensation and protectionism would improve governments’ response to import exposure.
Plant invasion, insect herbivory and competition: insights into the ecological interactions between invasive goldenrod ( Solidago canadensis ) and native tansy ( Tanacetum vulgare )

It was investigated how adaptation and insect herbivory affect competitive interactions between native and invasive plants. Solidago canadensis and Tanacetum vulgare were used as model system as they show a reciprocal invasion. The general view that invasive species are competitively superior could not be confirmed. Instead, coexistence of two competing species was observed when intraspecific competition over rules interspecific competition or when natives evolve tolerance to the invasive plant.
Localization of Acidovorax citrulli in watermelon seed and its influence on survival and seedling transmission of bacterial fruit blotch of cucurbits

Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) is caused by Acidovorax citrulli, a Gram-negative seedborne bacterium that can cause up to 100% fruit yield losses. The goal of this research was to determine the effect of A. citrulli invasion pathways on bacterial localization in watermelon seeds and to investigate the effect of bacterial localization on pathogen survival, seed health testing and exudates produced by seeds during germination. Pistilinoculation of A. citrulli resulted in seeds in which the bacterium was localized in the embryo, whereas while pericarp inoculation resulted in bacterial localization under the testa but outside the perisperm-endosperm (PE) layer. In addition, significantly higher percentages of seeds became infested when A. citrulli was inoculated via the pistil than via the pericarp by 7 days post inoculation (DPI). We observed that bacterial location in seed is critical for A. citrulli survival. Acidovorax citrulli survived stress (surface and sub-surface seed treatments) better in pistil-inoculated seeds than in pericarp-inoculated seeds. We also observed that the localization of A. citrulli in seed affects seed health testing. The recovery of A. citrulli by seed washing was more effective for pericarpinoculated lots than for pistil-inoculated lots. Additionally, it was observed that A. citrulli infestation affected the release of xylose in germinating watermelon seeds. Finally, we examined the effect of A. citrulli seed inoculum load on frequency of BFB seedling transmission and spatio-temporal spread among watermelon seedlings in the greenhouse. The proportion of seedlots that yielded BFB-infected seedlings was considerably higher for lots with one seed inoculated with ≥1 × 10 5 colony forming units (CFU) (>95%) than for lots with one seed harboring ≤1 × 10 3 CFU (<16.7%). The temporal and spatial spread of BFB in 128-cell seedling trays increased linearly with A. citrulli seed inoculum load.
Significantly different immunological score in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma and a proposal for a new immune staging system

ABSTRACT TNM stage is not enough to accurately predict the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to establish the immunological score (IS) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), separately, and propose a new staging system in NSCLC. We used the multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry (mIHC) technology to detect 17 immune biomarkers of 304 patients with NSCLC. The LASSO-COX regression model was used to establish the ISNSCLC in the training cohorts. The ISNSCLC was then validated in the validation cohort. The constructed ISLUAD contained three immune features: CD4+CD73+ core of tumor (CT), PD-L1+ CT, and IDO+ invasive margin (IM). ISLUSC also contained two immune features: CD8+CD39−CD73− CT, CD8+Tim-3+ IM. In the training cohort, significant prognostic differences were found upon comparing low-ISNSCLC patients with high-ISNSCLC patients. For LUAD, the 5-y disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 54.7% vs. 8.1% and the 5-y overall survival (OS) rates were 82.4% vs. 36% (all P< .0001). For LUSC, the 5-y DFS rates were 74.0% vs. 14.7% and the 5-y OS rates were 78.2% vs. 17.6% (all P< .0001). Multivariate analyses indicated that ISNSCLC was an independent indicator for prognosis. Finally, we combined ISNSCLC with clinicopathological factors to establish a TN-I staging system and two nomogram models for clinical use. The TN-I stage had better prediction accuracy than TNM stage. The newly established ISLUAD and ISLUSC were completely different, and both were excellent indicators for the prognostic prediction. The TN-I stage could effectively improve prognostic accuracy and facilitate clinical application. Abbreviations NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; IS, immunological score; mIHC, multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry; LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma; LUSC, lung squamous cell carcinoma; CT, core of tumor; IM, invasive margin; DFS, disease-free survival; OS, overall survival; SITC, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer; FFPE, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded; MWT, microwave treatment; DCA, decision curve analysis; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; AUC, area under the curve; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor.
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles promote osteoinduction of mesenchymal stromal cells

Aims Platelet concentrates, like platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet lysate (PL), are widely used in regenerative medicine, especially in bone regeneration. However, the lack of standard procedures and controls leads to high variability in the obtained results, limiting their regular clinical use. Here, we propose the use of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) as an off-the-shelf alternative for PRP and PL for bone regeneration. In this article, we evaluate the effect of PL-derived EVs on the biocompatibility and differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Methods EVs were obtained first by ultracentrifugation (UC) and then by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) from non-activated PL. EVs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and the expression of CD9 and CD63 markers by western blot. The effect of the obtained EVs on osteoinduction was evaluated in vitro on human umbilical cord MSCs by messenger RNA (mRNA) expression analysis of bone markers, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and calcium (Ca2+) content. Results Osteogenic differentiation of MSCs was confirmed when treated with UC-isolated EVs. In order to disprove that the effect was due to co-isolated proteins, EVs were isolated by SEC. Purer EVs were obtained and proved to maintain the differentiation effect on MSCs and showed a dose-dependent response. Conclusion PL-derived EVs present an osteogenic capability comparable to PL treatments, emerging as an alternative able to overcome PL and PRP limitations. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(10):667–674.
Functional Traits and Reproductive AllocationStrategy of Conyza canadensis as they Vary byInvasion Degree Along a Latitude Gradient

This study aims to determine the functional traits and reproductive allocation (RA) strategy of the invasive plant Conyza canadensis across different invasion degrees along a latitude gradient in China. Invasion degree did not affect the functional traits and RA strategy of C. canadensis significantly. The high proportion of reproductive biomass (allocating approximately 20% of total biomass into reproductive behaviors) of C. canadensis across different invasion degrees can achieve a fitness advantage in broadening its habitat niches and can eventually attain a successful invasion. The higher proportion of reproductive biomass of C. canadensis in warm temperate and subtropical monsoon climatic zones may play an important role in its successful invasion in the two climatic zones in China. One possible reason for this is that eastern China and northern China, in which C. canadensis vigorously occurs, have the same or similar climate as their natural habitat in the original distribution region. The proportion of reproductive biomass of C. canadensis positively correlated with its total biomass, aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, and vegetative biomass, as well as with its height and leaf size. Meanwhile, temperature rather than annual sunshine hours or annual precipitation was determined to be the most important environmental factor that triggers pronounced effects on the RA strategy of C. canadensis.
Alterations of the Human Gut Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease

Gut microbiota make up the largest microecosystem in the human body and are closely related to chronic metabolic diseases. Herein, 520 fecal samples are collected from different regions of China, the gut microbiome in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized, and CKD classifiers based on microbial markers are constructed. Compared with healthy controls (HC, n = 210), gut microbial diversity is significantly decreased in CKD (n = 110), and the microbial community is remarkably distinguished from HC. Genera Klebsiella and Enterobacteriaceae are enriched, while Blautia and Roseburia are reduced in CKD. Fifty predicted microbial functions including tryptophan and phenylalanine metabolisms increase, while 36 functions including arginine and proline metabolisms decrease in CKD. Notably, five optimal microbial markers are identified using the random forest model. The area under the curve (AUC) reaches 0.9887 in the discovery cohort and 0.9512 in the validation cohort (49 CKD vs 63 HC). Importantly, the AUC reaches 0.8986 in the extra diagnosis cohort from Hangzhou. Moreover, Thalassospira and Akkermansia are increased with CKD progression. Thirteen operational taxonomy units are correlated with six clinical indicators of CKD. In conclusion, this study comprehensively characterizes gut microbiome in non‐dialysis CKD and demonstrates the potential of microbial markers as non‐invasive diagnostic tools for CKD in different regions of China.
Multi-Lineage BCR-ABL Expression in Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Is Associated With Improved Prognosis but No Specific Molecular Features

Background Recently, various blood cell lineages expressing the BCR-ABL fusion gene in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have been reported. However, the biological and clinical significance of these BCR-ABL lineages has not been established; therefore, we aimed to clarify the impacts of these different BCR-ABL-expressing lineages. Patients Multi-lineage BCR-ABL expression (multi-Ph) was defined as BCR-ABL expression outside of the B-lineage compartment, as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in peripheral blood neutrophils and bone marrow clots, and flow cytometry-sorted polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We analyzed IKZF1 deletion patterns by PCR, examined gene expression profiles using RNA sequencing, and compared treatment outcomes across different BCR-ABL-expressing lineages. Results Among the 21 multi-Ph patients in our 59-patient cohort (36%), BCR-ABL expression was detected at the multipotential progenitor level. However, no IKZF1 deletion patterns or gene expression profiles were identified that were specific for multi-Ph. However, multi-Ph patients were found to have better survival rates than patients with uni-lineage BCR-ABL expression [event-free survival (EFS): 74 vs. 33%, P = 0.01; overall survival (OS): 79 vs. 44% at 4 years, P = 0.01]. In multivariate analyses, multi-Ph was identified as a good prognostic factor for both EFS and OS. Conclusion We confirmed that more than one-third of Ph+ALL patients could be classified as mutli-Ph. Although no specific molecular characteristics were identified for multi-Ph, this phenotype was associated with better treatment outcomes.
What Industry Wants from Requirements Engineers in China?: An Exploratory and Comparative Study on RE Job Ads

[Background] Publications on the professional occupation of Requirements Engineering (RE) reported on market demands for both RE and non-RE qualifications and indicated the state-of-the-practice of RE roles in industry. However, prior research was not from the perspective of the RE area in the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK). Nor, they shed light on the industry needs of RE professionals in China. [Aims] This paper focused on RE-specific tasks and skills sought after in China, from the perspective of RE activities elaborated in SWEBOK. [Method] Using an empirical qualitative research method, we selected and analyzed 535 job ads from China's two largest job portals. Job titles and descriptions of these ads were analyzed to uncover RErelevant responsibilities in the categories of RE activities in SWEBOK as well as RE skills. [Results] We identified the qualifications, experience and skills demanded by Chinese employers. Specifically, we reported 23 RE tasks demanded in the 535 job ads, from the perspective of SWEBOK RE activities. [Conclusion] Our findings reveal that in China's job market, 'requirements engineer' is explicitly used as a title of job ads. Plus, around 78% of the selected job positions want the employees to perform tasks in requirements elicitation. Editing requirements specification is the most in-demand task in RE activities. In addition, employers placed more emphasis on both RE-specific and broad industry experience.