Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Transcriptomic Analysis of Sensitive and Tolerant Citrus Rootstocks under Natural Iron Deficiency Conditions

ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. Carrizo citrange, chlorosis, Citrus sinensis, microarray, Swingle citrumelo ABSTRACT. Iron chlorosis is one of the most serious abiotic stresses affecting citrus (Citrus sp.) culture in the Mediterranean Basin. A trial was performed with potted tolerant and sensitive rootstocks that were grown in volcanic and calcareous soils. Microarray analysis allowed for the identification of differentially expressed genes putatively involved in iron (Fe) deficiency. Most of the differentially expressed genes isolated from the root tips were of unknown function; the remaining genes were related to the oxidative stress response (e.g., glutathione peroxidase), hormone metabolismandsignaling(e.g.,smallauxinupRNAfamilyproteingenes),biologicalregulation,proteinturnover,and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (e.g., aconitase). Additionally, the majority of the Fe stress-related genes expressed in the sensitive Swingle citrumelo (Citrus paradisi · Poncirus trifoliata) and tolerant Carrizo citrange (Citrus sinensis · P. trifoliata) rootstocks identified using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were related to regulation, the oxidative stress response, and hormone metabolism and signaling, thereby confirming the array data. Furthermore, validation of the differentially expressed genes in seven tolerant and sensitive rootstocks grown in a field trial under chlorotic conditions was performed. In general, the gene expression profiles reflect the different responses of rootstocks, possibly as a result of the various genetic mechanisms involved in the response to Fe deficiency. Moreover, the expression of aconitase was analyzed in the roots and juice to evaluate the implication of the differentaconitaseisoforms(Aco),whicharederivedfromspecificcellularcompartments,inthedifferenttissues.The involvement of the mitochondrial isoform (Aco2) was directly correlated with the acidity of the juice, whereas the cytosolic one (Aco3), which corresponds to the aconitase isolated during the microarray analysis, was found specifically in the roots.
Population estimates, densities and biomass of large herbivores in Simanjiro Plains, Northern Tanzania

Summary A total of twenty-four aerial censuses were carried out in the Simanjiro Plains, northern Tanzania, from 1970 to 1972 in order to estimate the populations, densities and biomass of eleven common large herbivores. Results show that amongst wild herbivores zebra and wildebeest have the highest populations which reach a peak during the wet season between March and May. They were estimated to be about 6000 and 5000, respectively. The corresponding densities were 10.96/km2 and 7.44/km2, respectively. There were practically none of these species in the area during the dry season. Figures for the other species are given. Cattle have the highest population which reaches a peak during the dry season. It was estimated to be about 26,000 with a corresponding density of 44.83/km2. The average total biomass density for all herbivores was 8500 kg/km2. RESUMEE Un total de 24 recencements atriens furent menes dans les Plaines du Simanjiro, en Tanzanie du Nord entre 1970 et 1972, en vue d'estimer les densites et biomasses des populations de 11 grands herbivores communs. Les resultats montrent que, parmi les herbivores, le zebre et le gnou ont les populations les plus elvees, qui atteignent un maximum durant la saison des pluies entre mars et mai. On a estime ces populations a 6000 et 5000 respectivement. Les densites correspondantes sont de 10,96/km2 et de 7,44/km2 respectivement. 11 n' y a pratiquement aucune de ces especes dans la region durant la saison seche. Les resultats concernant les autres especes sont donnes. C'est le betail qui a la plus haute densite de population, atteignant un maximum pendant la saison seche. II a ete estimea environ 26.000, correspondant a une densite de 44,83/km2. La biomasse moyenne totale pour tous les herbivores est de 8500 kg/km2.
What are the nanobacteria?

Chronic periodontal diseases, which mainly include gingivitis and periodontitis, have been described as the inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth. The main cause of periodontal diseases is the accumulation of the microbial dental plaque. If dental plaque is not eliminated by mechanical or chemical plaque control methods, mineralized dental plaque (calculus) occurs. The mineralization process and mechanisms of the dental calculus formation are similar to that of other pathologic calcifications. The presence of a certain type of microorganism is discovered in various pathological calcifications, such as kidney stones and arterial plaques. This microorganism is the nanobacterium. Thus, it may be considered as a potential risk factor for the chronic periodontal diseases. Nanobacterium is one of the most controversial issues in today's biological studies. Nanobacteria, as the smallest known self-replicating bacteria, are classified as Gram-negative organisms. Although their growth is slow, they grow best under aerobic conditions. Their doubling time is about three days with the metabolic rate, which is 10,000 times slower than that in Escherichia coli. Nanobacteria are also resistant to heat and various conditions that would normally kill other bacteria. Present data suggest that nanobacteria are only killed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and tetracycline. The aim of this paper was to perform a narrative review of publications on nanobacteria since 1998 and highlight their hypothesized relationship with the periodontal disease.
Standardization of Mini Cutting Clonal Propagation Technique in Eucalyptus Camaldulensis and E. Terticornis Spp.

Eucalyptus vegetative mass production has been advanced through the adoption of many improved methods. The suitability of vegetative mass propagation using minicuttings derived from the minihedges grown in the sand beds was evaluated. The study reveals the superiority of this technique over the regular stem cuttings from the open clonal multiplication area. The minicuttings of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (ITC 413, TNPL 103) and Eucalyptus tereticornis (ITC 3, TNPL 106) clones recorded more than 80% survival in the mist chamber, whereas the stem cuttings from the open CMA of the same clones recorded only 50% survival.The use of growth substances were completely eliminated in the minicuttings.Among the treatment periods T 2 (21 days in the mist chamber) proved to be highly effective for the Eucalyptus mass production through the mini cutting method. Except shoot length the other parameters like survival percentage in the mist chamber, 50% shade house, root length and number of lateral roots was more in T 2 compare to other treatments.The juvenility and nutrient status of the mother plants influences the survival ability of the minicuttings in the mist chamber. The present study reveals the suitability of minicutting clonal production method for E. camaldulensis and E. tereticornis clones in the Indian condition.
Prediction of pH in Model Systems Pressurized with Carbon Dioxide

Mathematical models were developed to predict the pH of model liquid food systems (pure water, ascorbic acid‐water, citric acid‐water, and ascorbic acid‐citric acid‐water) pressurized with carbon dioxide, as functions of pressure (0–34.50 MPa), temperature (32,37, and 42° C), and component concentrations [(0–1.107) X10−3 M for ascorbic acid, (0 to 6.080) × 10−4 M for citric acid]. For all simulation systems, predicted pH values closely followed experimentally measured pH values. In the pure water‐CO2 systems, pH was a strong function of pressure but a weak function of temperature. In ascorbic acid‐water‐CO2, citric acid‐water‐CO2, and ascorbic acid‐citric acid‐water‐CO2 systems, pH was relatively insensitive to CO2 pressure and was a strong function of acid concentrations. This method could be a first step toward predicting the pH of orange juice and other liquid food systems under pressurized CO2.
Hypocholesterolemic Effects of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei TMC 0409 Strain Observed in Rats Fed Cholesterol Contained Diets

In order to evaluate the hypocholesterolemic effect of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei TMC 0409 strain (TMC 0409), an isolate from 'Dadih', an Indonesian traditional fermented dairy food, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed cholesterol containing diets supplemented with fermented milk cultured with TMC 0409, skim milk and TMC 0409 lyophilized cells. No significant inhibitory effect was observed in the rats fed fermented milk and skim milk after 14 days feeding. But the increase of serum cholesterol was suppressed (36%) in the rats fed TMC 0409 lyophilized cells. Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid in serum, neutral steroid and bile acids in feces, cholesterol and triglyceride in liver were analyzed in the rats fed TMC 0409 cells after 14 days feeding. Total cholesterol and phospholipid were significantly decreased compared to those of control group (P<0.01), however HDL-cholesterol was significantly increased (P<0.05). Serum triglyceride was also decreased but the difference was not significant. From these results, the inhibition of increase of serum cholesterol in rats fed TMC 0409 cells was considered to have resulted from the reduction of LDL+VLDL-cholesterol. Meanwhile, the accumulation of triglyceride in the liver was inhibited significantly compared with the control group (P<0.05), and the excretion of bile acid in the feces was also enhanced significantly (P<0.01). These results imply that strain TMC 0409 can alter the serum cholesterol concentration, especially LDL+VLDL-cholesterol by enhancing the excretion of bile acids in the feces.
Patterns of multiple paternity within and between annual reproduction cycles of the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) under natural conditions

We have investigated patterns of paternity in a population of the fire salamander Salamandra salamandra in Germany under fully natural conditions. Pregnant females were caught after hibernation in their natural habitat and their offspring were genotyped with different sets of microsatellite loci to assess paternity. Each female was marked with a transponder and released at the same place where it had been caught. We were able to recapture several marked females in the following years and to analyse the offspring arrays of six females for different reproductive years between 2000 and 2001 for possible long-term sperm storage and repeated sperm usage. The reconstruction of paternal genotypes for 21 female offspring arrays with the GERUD 1.0 program showed that multiple paternity is frequent under natural conditions with more than half of the females showing two or three fathers for their offspring cohorts. Despite the fact that S. salamandra is capable of long-term sperm storage under captive conditions, under natural conditions we did not find evidence for long-term sperm storage and repeated sperm usage for the six analysed female offspring arrays from consecutive years. This might be an indication for possible cryptic female choice owing to differences of sperm quality between stored and freshly uptaken sperm or degradation of sperm after fertilization. Furthermore, we found that males in nature do not contribute equally to a female's clutch when it is sired from multiple fathers. Currently, it is not clear whether such a paternity pattern reflects a simple 'topping off' mechanism of sperm in the spermathecae of the female as described for the newt species Taricha granulosa or whether this is the result of intensive sperm competition.
Detection of grapes in natural environment using support vector machine classifier

V clanku jsou představeny ctyři detektory hroznoveho vina v realných fotkach. Tyto detektory jsou založeny na Suppor Vector Machine (SVM) klasifikatoru. Detektory využivaji různých deskriptorů (intenzita pixelů v cernobilem obraze a Histogram Orientovaných Gradientů (HOG)) a různých jadrových funkci (linearni a Gaussova). Detektory založene na HOG deskriptoru vykazuji při křižove validaci velmi vysokou přesnost a to 98,23% pro linearni jadrovou funkci a 98,96% pro Gausovu. Ostatni metriky rovněž vykazuji při křižove validaci vysoke hodnoty. Detektory byly ohodnoceny i s využitim specializovaných testovacich sad a aplikovany na výřezy realne fotografie. I v těchto připadech s velmi dobrými výsledky. Představene řeseni nevyžaduje uměle osvětleni.
Nutrient limitation in species‐rich lowland fens

Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were supplied to some Belgian fens of varying nutrient status and productivity. Plant growth in the lowest productive fen with a species-rich Caricion davallianae vegetation was strongly P-limited. N was ineffective when applied alone, but increased the effect of P-addition when applied together. Summer biomass and plant nutrient concentrations were monitored for four years, and showed partial recovery of nutrient limitation. In a more productive fen dominated by Carex lasiocarpa and in a fen meadow, nutrient limitation was less strong. N limited growth in the productive fen, and N and K were co-limiting in the fen meadow. The P-concentration in the productive fen vegetation showed a marked increase after P-fertilization, but it did not result in higher standing crop. The significance of P-limitation for the conservation of species rich low productive fens is discussed. P-limitation may be an essential feature in the conservation of low productive rich fens: because it is less mobile in the landscape than N and/or because it is an intrinsic property of this vegetation type. Plant nutrient concentrations and N:P-ratios may be used as an indication for the presence and type of nutrient limitation in the vegetation. We found N:P-ratios of 23 to 31 for a P-limited site and 8 to 15 in N-limited sites. This was in agreement with critical values from the literature: N:P > ca. 20 for P-limitation and N:P < 14 for N-limitation. Thus, this technique appears valid in the vegetation types that were studied here.
Nomenclature for “Micrococcus radiodurans” and Other Radiation-Resistant Cocci: Deinococcaceae fam. nov. and Deinococcus gen. nov., Including Five Species

The data assembled by Brooks et al. (Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 30:627–646, 1980) suggest that the radiation-resistant, red, gram-positive, tetrad-forming cocci exemplified by “Micrococcus radiodurans” (not on Approved Lists of Bacterial Names [Skerman et al., Int. J. System. Bacteriol. 30:225–420, 1980]) are a distinct natural group separate from Micrococcus. The nomenclature proposed here for these organisms utilizes specific epithets used in the original names of these organisms, which names were made illegitimate by omission from the Approved Lists. One species is added to those named before 1 January 1980. The proposals are as follows: Deinococcaceae fam. nov. Deinococcus gen. nov. (type genus) D. radiodurans nom. nov. (type species) D. radiophilus nom. nov. D. proteolyticus nom. nov. D. radiopugnans sp. nov. Species incertae sedis D. erythromyxa nom. nov. Descriptions of the taxa are provided.
A molecular study of hybridization and homoploid hybrid speciation in Argyranthemum (Asteraceae) on Tenerife, the Canary Islands.

Examples of recurrent homoploid hybrid speciation are few. One often-cited example is Argyranthemum sundingii. This example includes two described species, A. lemsii and A. sundingii, resulting from reciprocal hybridization between A. broussonetii and A. frutescens on Tenerife. The four species and artificial F1 and F2 hybrids have previously been investigated morphologically and cytologically. Here, we examine population differentiation based on amplified fragment length polymorphism to get a better understanding of the genetic relationships among the species and the extent of hybridization. We aim to investigate if there is molecular support for treating the hybrid species as one taxon. Seven parental and four hybrid species populations (149 individuals) were analysed and we scored 85 polymorphic markers. A few (2–5) were private to each species but variably present and mostly rare. Our principal coordinate, STRUCTURE and BAPS analyses and AMOVA resulted in a clear separation of the parental species. The hybrid species were genetically less divergent but not identical. Our data indicate that hybridization and introgression are common in all these species on Tenerife and support the hypothesis that homoploid hybrid speciation has occurred repeatedly. Intrinsic post-zygotic barriers are notoriously weak in Argyranthemum and reproductive isolation and speciation result primarily from strong ecological selection. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159, 19–31.
Leaf area and average leaf angle from transmission of direct sunlight

Previously, leaf area indices and mean leaf angles were obtained from measurements of the mean transmissions of the direct beam at a range of sun angles by using a mathematical inversion. Results of equivalent accuracy can be obtained more simply with graphical methods described here. The procedure was tested with five hypothetical distributions of leaf angle and was applied to field measurements of transmission of a sorghum crop.
Le risque histamine dans les produits de la pêche

L'histamine est la premiere cause de toxi-infections alimentaires liees a la consommation de poisson en France. Elle est thermostable et se forme aux temperatures positives, chez un grand nombre d'especes de poissons pelagiques (comme le thon, l'espadon, le maquereau, la sardine, le hareng, ou l'anchois) par decarboxylation de l'histidine libre sous l'action d'une enzyme d'origine bacterienne: l'histidine decarboxylase (HDC). L'application des regles d'hygiene permet de limiter les contaminations bacteriennes apres la capture et reduit ainsi les risques de contamination par des bacteries produisant l'histidine decarboxylase. La mise en oeuvre du froid est tout aussi essentielle et permet de limiter la production d'histamine voire de l'arreter si le poisson est congele.
Morphological and physiological modifications of Cistus salvifolius L. winter leaves in response to the rise in winter temperatures

The global climate is predicted to change in the next century; for the Mediterranean Basin, an increase in air temperature more than 4°C and a higher frequency of extreme climatic events such as drought and heat waves are expected. In this work, the response of Cistus salvifolius L. to the rise in winter temperature has been studied. Plants acclimated to winter conditions [outdoor (OUT)] were moved into a greenhouse [indoor (IND)] at higher temperature and eco-physiological behaviour was analysed on leaves after 15 days from plant transferring (IND15d) and on leaves developed IND. IND leaves were characterized by reduced thickness, higher specific leaf area, higher CO2 mesophyll conductance and photosynthetic rate, and lower respiratory rate than leaves grown OUT upon current winter conditions. In IND15d leaves, no improvement of photochemical activity was found. When IND leaves were subjected to a rapid increase in air temperature, the CO2 fixation was not limited indicating a high thermotolerance of photosynthetic machinery. The results for IND leaves indicate the occurrence of a strategy that merging changes in leaf structure as well as in photosynthetic regulation allow C. salvifolius to maintain an elevated carbon gain in response to temperature increase.
Screening and Performance of Lactobacillus plantarum E11 with Bacteriocin-Like Substance Secretion as Fermentation Starter of Sichuan Pickle

Bacteriocinogenic Lactobacillus plantarum E11 was selected and applied for the controlled fermentation of Sichuan pickle. By agar well diffusion assay, Lb. plantarum E11 with bacteriocin-like substances (BLISs) production against Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus was selected from eight Sichuan pickle samples. Lb. plantarum E11 could grow in Chinese leaf mustard juice media and produce BLISs with favorable antibacterial characteristics. Novel starter consisting of Lb. plantarum E11 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides CICC (China Center of Industrial Culture Collection) 21859 were applied for controlled fermentation of Chinese leaf mustard, as well as commercial starter and spontaneous fermentation. The microbial dynamics in novel starter fermentation was similar as commercial starter fermentation and Lb. plantarum E11 comprised 35.3–63.8% of the total flora. The inhibition activity of novel starter fermentation against pathogens was achieved on the fifth day, which was faster and higher than commercial and spontaneous fermentation. Practical Applications The natural fermentation and nonsterile process make Sichuan pickle sensitive to foodborne pathogens. The innate immunity of Sichuan pickle conferred by natural lactic acid bacteria fermentation is not strong enough to suppress the foodborne pathogens especially at the early phase of fermentation. It is necessary to develop bacteriocinogenic starter culture with wide and stable antibacterial spectrum for Sichuan pickle fermentation. This study provided a novel starter including bacteriocinogenic Lb. plantarum E11, which could dominate the Sichuan pickle fermentation as traditional commercial starter and furthermore afford the Sichuan pickle self-protection against foodborne pathogens at the early phase of fermentation.
Tibouchina sellowiana (Cham.) Cogn.: ENRAIZAMENTO, ANATOMIA E ANÁLISES BIOQUÍMICAS NAS QUATRO ESTAÇÕES DO ANO

The present work tried to verify the effects of application of different concentration of indolebutyric acid (IBA) in talc in solution, in the rooting of cutting of Tibouchina sellowiana (Cham.) Cogn. collected in the four seasons, as well as its anatomical and biochemical variation. The semiharwood cuttings were treated with 0, 1500 and 3000 mg L -1 indolebutyric acid (IBA), in powder and alchoolic solutions. After 65 days in a greenhouse, rooting percentage, length and number of roots, cutting with callus percentage and survival, were evaluated. The use of the IBA was efficient in the induction radicial, being indifferent the form in which it was applied. The most promising stations in the formation of the system radicial were the spring (78,75%) with 3000 mg L -1 or mg kg -1 IBA and the summer (63,12 %) with 1500 mg L -1 or mg kg -1 IBA. (82,50%) with 3000 mg kg -1 IBA. Considering the cutting in the base of the stakes, in the moment of the cutting, no possible anatomical barrier or structural difference were detected so that it should promoted variations in the answers of the rooting uring the four seasons. Biochemical analyses done from the cuttings collected in the four seasons revealed that the largest concentrations of total sugars were obtained in the winter (83,21 mg g -1 ) and in the autumn (72,79 mg g -1 ). The same stations also presented the largest protein concentrations (4,69 and 3,95 mg g -1 respectively).