Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managing uncertainty in systems with a Valuation Approach for Strategic Changeability

Complex engineering systems are frequently exposed to large amounts of uncertainty, as many exogenous, uncontrollable conditions change over time and can affect the performance and value delivery of a system. Engineering practice has begun to address that need, with recent methods frequently targeting such techniques as uncertainty quantification or robust engineering as key goals. While passive robustness is beneficial for these long-lived systems, designing for passive robustness frequently results in sub-optimal point designs, as optimization is forgone in favor of safety. Changeability offers an alternative means for supporting value throughout a system’s lifecycle by allowing the system to change in response to, or in anticipation of, the resolution of uncertainty, potentially enabling the system to perform ator near-optimally in a wide range of contexts. The state of the practice for valuing changeability in engineering systems relies mostly on options theory, which is associated with a number of assumptions that are frequently inappropriate when applied to change options embedded in systems. This has played a part in limiting the inclusion of changeability in fielded systems, as the standard techniques for calculating the benefits of change are often inapplicable and thus are less trusted than valuations of passive robustness. Without the ability to properly and believably value changeability, system designers will continue to look elsewhere for protection against uncertainty. A more generally applicable method for valuing changeability would greatly enhance the understanding and appeal of changeability early in the design process, and allow for the justification of its associated costs. This research has resulted in a new five-step approach, called the Valuation Approach for Strategic Changeability (VASC). VASC was designed to capture the multi-dimensional value of changeability while limiting the number of necessary assumptions by building off of previous research on Epoch-Era Analysis. A suite of new metrics (including Effective Fuzzy Pareto Trace, Fuzzy Pareto Number, and Fuzzy Pareto Shift), capturing different types of valuable changeability information, are included in the approach, which is capable of delivering insight both with and without the computational burden of simulation. The application of VASC to three space system case studies demonstrates the large range of insight about the usage and value of changeability able to be extracted with the approach. Discussion about the strengths and weaknesses of VASC is included, particularly in comparison with Real Options Analysis, and a number of promising avenues for future improvements and extensions to VASC are identified. Thesis Supervisor: Donna H. Rhodes Title: Principal Research Scientist and Senior Lecturer, Engineering Systems Co-Advisor and Thesis Reader: Adam M. Ross Title: Research Scientist, Engineering Systems
Effect of Mentha Piperita L. Powder on the Overall Acceptability, Coliforms, and Molds and Yeasts Counts of Borujerd Domestic Cheese

Abstract. In this study, the antimicrobial effects of plant powder Mentha Piperita L. in at the levels of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 % on preventing the growth of mold, yeast and coliforms, as well as the, overall acceptability, pH and acidity of Borujerd domestic cheese samples during the cold storage were studied. The findings showed that with increasing the percentage of Mentha Piperita L. powder in cheese samples, the number of coliforms and mold and yeast, titratable acidity and overall acceptability significantly decreased (p <0.05); and pH significantly increased (p <0.05). Finally, the sample containing 0.2% Mentha Piperita L. had more utility in sensory properties than the others containing it.
Magneto-rheological fluid dampers modeling: numerical and experimental

In this paper a finite element analysis of magnetorheological fluid (MR) damper is presented. Electromegnetical and fluid flow analyses have been performed separately. Finite element results are then compared with experimental results obtained from an MR damper, UTMR83, fabricated damper in University of Tehran. Results matched well and showed that MR damper model developed here is accurate and can be use for design and control purposes.
Low cross talk planar multichannel add-drop multiplexer based on sampled Bragg gratings

Summary form only given. UV-written sampled gratings have recently been demonstrated in optical waveguides. The reflection spectrum of a sampled grating consists of a series of peaks, with a spacing inversely proportional to the sampling period. Within a limited frequency range the dispersion may be ignored and the frequency spacing can therefore be assumed constant. This makes sampled gratings useful for wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) applications. We demonstrate the application of a sampled grating for a multi wavelength optical add/drop multiplexer, which drops wavelengths spaced by 400 GHz around a center wavelength of 1557 nm.
Finite element model of a tennis ball impact with a racket

Previous authors have produced analytical models which accurately simulate tennis impacts. However, currently there are few published studies on the simulation of tennis impacts using finite-element (FE) technique. The purpose of this study was to produce accurate FE models of tennis impacts, which will serve as design tools as well as aid in furthering the understanding of how the ball, string-bed and racket behave during play. An FE model of a pressurised tennis ball was produced in Ansys/LS-DYNA 10.0 and validated against experimental data. The ball model was updated to simulate the extreme playing temperatures of 10 and 400C and validated against experimental data, obtained inside a climate chamber. Following validation of the ball model, an FE model of a head-clamped racket was produced and validated against experimental data. The validation included a range of inbound velocities, angles and spin rates, for impacts at a number of nominal locations on the string-bed. Finally, an FE model of a freely suspended racket was constructed and validated against experimental data. Impacts were simulated at a number of nominal impact locations on the string-bed, with a range of ball inbound velocities, angles and spin rates. The impacts were recorded using two Phantom 4.2 high-speed cameras and analysed in 3D. The FE models were all in good agreement with the experimental data, for the individual stages of the validation. A parametric modelling program was produced to be used in conjunction with the model. This program enables the user to adjust a variety of parameters, such as the inbound velocity of the ball, impact location and mass of the racket, and run simulations without any specialist knowledge of the FE model. This program was used to analyse the model against ball to racket impact data obtained during player testing. There was relatively good agreement between the model and player testing data. Finally, the model was used to determine the influence of racket structural stiffness, mass and the position of the balance point, when performing a typical topspin forehand. It was found that using a head-heavy racket, with high structural stiffness and mass, will increase the rebound velocity and topspin of the ball, for a shot of this type at the centre of the string-bed. Keywords: tennis ball, tennis racket, high speed cinematograph, finite-element modelling.
Tower Design Load Verification on a 1-kW Wind Turbine: Preprint

Wind turbine testing at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) has been done to characterize both tower top loads and thrust loads for small wind turbines, which is part of an ongoing effort to model and predict small wind turbine behavior and the resulting stresses imposed on the supporting tower. To these ends, a 1-kW furling wind turbine mounted on a 10-meter tower was instrumented and monitored via a data acquisition system for nearly a year. This test was conducted to verify the design loads as predicted by the simple design equations provided in the draft revision of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Small Wind Turbine Safety Standard 61400-02 CDV (hereafter called ''the draft Standard''). Data were captured for several operating conditions covered by the draft Standard. This paper addresses the collected data and what conclusions can be made from it.
Holding the line : compulsory arbitration and national employer co-ordination in Australia

List of tables and figures List of abbreviations Acknowledgements Introduction 1. Industrial legislation and the rise of permanent employer associations 1890-1906 2. The Higgins era 1907-1920 3. Rival shops 1921-1929 4. Depression and recovery 1930-1939 5. War and government executive action 1940-1949 6. Consolidation 1950-1959 7. The National Employer's Associations 1960-1972 8. Confederation 1973-1988 9. Models of national employer coordination Appendices Bibliography Records of organisations Index.
Movement on Stairs During Building Evacuations

The time that it takes an occupant population to reach safety when descending a stairwell during building evacuations is typically estimated by measureable engineering variables such as stair geometry, speed, density, and pre-observation delay. In turn, engineering models of building evacuation use these variables to predict the performance of egress systems for building design, emergency planning, or event reconstruction. As part of a program to better understand occupant movement and behavior during building emergencies, the Engineering Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology has collected stair movement data during fire drill evacuations of office and residential buildings. These data collections are intended to provide a better understanding of this principal building egress feature and develop a technical foundation for future codes and standards requirements. Fire drill evacuation data has been collected in 14 buildings (11 office buildings and 3 residential buildings) ranging from six to 62 stories in height that included a range of stair widths and occupant densities. A total of more than 22,000 individual measurements are included in the data set. This paper provides details of the data collected and an analysis of the data. The intention is to better understand movement during stairwell evacuations and provide data to test the predictive capability of building egress models. While mean and standard deviation of the distribution of movement speeds in the current study of 0.44 m/s ± 0.19 m/s are observed to be quite similar to the range of values in previous studies, mean local movement speeds as occupants traverse down the stairs are seen to vary widely within a given stairwell, ranging from 0.10 m/s ± 0.008 m/s to 1.7 m/s ± 0.13 m/s. These data provide confirmation of the adequacy of existing literature values typically used for occupant movement speeds and provide updated data for use in egress modeling or other engineering calculations.
Doing Business around Transit Corridors

Major transit projects can have profound effects on nearby businesses. Although much research has investigated physical neighborhood changes and neighborhood demographic changes driven by transit projects, little is known about the perceived effects of transit projects in business communities. In a direct response to this knowledge gap, a random-sampled survey of 160 businesses was conducted along four existing and planned transit corridors in the Twin Cities region in Minnesota. With the survey responses, ordered logistic regression models of business perceptions of transit corridor projects were estimated. It was found that responding businesses generally expect positive effects from transit corridors in the future, but the likelihood of positive perceptions differs significantly according to business location, size, and sector, as well as employees’ and customers’ demographics and customers’ travel behavior. These findings provide insights into the types of businesses to target for special outreach efforts as well as strategies for mitigating negative effects and maximizing positive effects perceived by station area businesses.
PERBEDAAN TINGKAT STRES ANTARA KARYAWAN PRODUKSI DAN KARYAWAN NON PRODUKSI PT. BARA JAYA ENERGY SITE BANTUAS

ABSTRAC This study aims to determine whether there are differences in stress levels between production employees and non-production employees. this Stress question is stress that occurs in a place of work is commonly called job stress. Stress can show up on all aspects of human life, including the stress found on occupations commonly called job stress. Each individual has a level stress and have a different way of dealing with stress between each other. This study was conducted at a coal mining company. The subjects were employees of PT. Bara Jaya Energy which amounted to 158 people consisting of 79 production employees and 79 non-production employees. This study consisted a single variable, which is job stress. this data collection using method scale, with job stress scale measuring instrument consisting of a 32 point statement. Data analysis techniques using t-test, with help of statistical program SPSS version 13. The results were obtained value of t = -2795 and p = 0.006 (p <0.05), and mean values for production employees was 67.15, while the non-production employees at 63.03. This indicated that there are differences in the level of stress among employees of production and non-production employees with value
Debt Overhang and Output Stimulation in Nigeria

This study examines the association between debt overhang and output stimulation in Nigeria for a period of 37 years extending from 1981 to 2017, utilizing time series data sourced from the statistical bulletin of Central Bank of Nigeria. Public domestic bank debit outstanding, public domestic non-bank debt outstanding, public foreign multilateral debt outstanding, and public foreign informal debt outstanding was employed as indices of debt overhang, with real gross domestic product utilized as proxy of output stimulation. The study employed ex-post facto research design. The augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test carried out revealed that all the variables are integrated of order one. The Johansen cointegration test carried out divulged the presence of long run relationship among employed variables. From the result of the study public domestic bank debt outstanding, public domestic non-bank debt outstanding, and public foreign multilateral debt outstanding have positive and significant impact on real gross domestic product, while public foreign informal debt outstanding exerts a positive and insignificant impact on real gross domestic product. The study recommended that the Federal government should sustain current level of debt or decrease the level of debt and also ensure that fund sourced from external and domestic sources are channelled to the designated projects.
Large-Eddy Simulation of Flow Separation and Control on a Wall-Mounted Hump

Active flow control techniques such as synthetic jets have been successful in increasing the performance of naturally separating flows on post-stall airfoils, bluff body shedding, and internal flows such as wide-angle diffusers. However, in order to implement robust control techniques there is a need for accurate computational tools capable of predicting unsteady separation and control at high Reynolds numbers. This thesis developed a compressible large-eddy simulation (LES) and validated it by simulating the turbulent flow over a wall-mounted hump. The flow is characterized by an unsteady, turbulent recirculation region along the trailing edge of the geometry, and is simulated at a Reynolds number of 500,000. Active flow control is applied just before the natural separation point via steady suction and zero-net mass flux oscillatory forcing. The addition of control is shown to be effective in decreasing the size of the separation bubble and pressure drag. LES baseline and controlled results are validated against previously performed experiments by Seifert and Pack and those performed for the NASA Langley Workshop on Turbulent Flow Separation and Control. Three test cases are explored to determine the effect of explicit filtering and the Smagorinsky subgrid scale model on the average flow and turbulent statistics. The flow physics and the control effectiveness are investigated at two Mach numbers, M=0.25 and M=0.6. Compressibility is shown to increase the separation bubble length in the baseline case, but does not significantly change the effectiveness of the control. In terms of decreasing drag on the wall-mounted hump model, steady suction is more effective than oscillatory control, but both control techniques are effective in reducing the separation bubble length. Two-dimensional direct numerical simulations (DNS) of the wall-mounted hump flow are also presented, and the results show different baseline flow features than the 3D LES. However the controlled 2D flow gives an indication of the most receptive actuation frequencies around twice that of the natural shedding frequency. Two regimes of reduced actuation frequency are also explored with the 3D LES. It is found that the low frequency actuation is successful in reducing the separation bubble length, but high frequency actuation produces an average flow comparable to the baseline case, and does not result in drag or separation bubble length reduction.
The Relationship between Positive Emotion and Resilience Among Undergraduate Students

Although the numbers of youths entering universities in Malaysia are increasing rapidly, several studies have shown that some students are suffering from poor mental health which could lead them to have experience positive emotions and more negative emotions. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between positive emotion and resilience among UPSI undergraduate students and to examine the difference between male students and female students in positive emotion and resilience. Cross-sectional survey design was applied to gather the data of 140 participants using both paper and pencil method and online survey method. A set of questionnaire comprising demographic information, Dispositional Positive Emotions Scales (DPES) to measure positive emotions and Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) to measure resilience was given. Using Pearson’s product-moment correlation analysis, it was found that there was a significant relationship between positive emotion and resilience, r= 0.4. Thus, null hypothesis is rejected. The correlation coefficient obtained showed that there is positive correlation between positive emotion and resilience among UPSI students in which students with more positive emotion are more likely to have higher level of resilience. Based on the t-test analysis, the difference was not significant between male students and female students for both positive emotions and resilience. In conclusion, more positive psychology programs can be conducted to educate the students about good mental health and well-being which will eventually increase their psychological resilience in facing challenges in their university lives.
Using Oil Price Shocks to Teach the AS-AD Model in a Blended Learning Strategy

This paper reports a pedagogical strategy employed to teach the AS-AD model. Dolan & Stevens (2006) stress the importance of teaching macroeconomics with relevance , and in this vein the issue of the macroeconomic effect of substantial increases in oil prices was used as a focus for teaching the AS-AD model in the first semester of 2006. This strategy also had a substantial blended learning dimension which Fox & MacKeogh (2003) argue can generate deeper student learning than traditional, pure, face to face strategies and which Hughes (2007) suggests can enhance the confidence with which students approach learning tasks, improving what they take away from these experiences. The paper describes the behaviour of oil prices in the years leading up to 2006 and the factors affecting this price. It outlines the structure of the AS-AD model presented to students and how oil prices can be incorporated into this model. It then discusses details of the overall strategy used for teaching the model and finally presents some evidence that students reported better and more relevant learning experiences than did students in the three prior semesters which had not used this strategy. Keywords : Aggregate demand, aggregate supply, macroeconomics, oil prices, blended learning. JEL Classifications : A22, E1.
Energy System Assessment in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Metastasis breast cancer commonly report physical and psychosocial side effects, which requires a supervised exercise prescription with an individualized assessment. This cross-sectional study examined the feasibility of energy system-based assessment, also generating descriptive values for assessment performance in this population.Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 70 women diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer. After baseline assessment, participants attempted up to three energy system assessments: submaximal aerobic (multi-stage treadmill); anaerobic alactic (30-second sit-to-stand [30-STS]); and anaerobic lactic (adapted burpees). Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. Secondary outcomes included body composition, CRF and upper- and lower-limb functionality. Results: 64 and 70 of the participants performed the submaximal aerobic test and the 30-STS, respectively, and 5 completed the adapted burpees task. Heart rate and RPE specific to each task were correlated, reflecting increased intensity. Women reported low-moderate levels of CRF [3(2.1)] and moderate-high functionality levels [upper-limb: 65.8% (23.3); lower-limb: 63.7% (34.7)]. Conclusions: Using a combination of heart rate and RPE, as well as baseline assessment of each energy system, clinicians may improve ability to prescribe personalized exercise and give patients greater ability to self-monitor intensity and progress.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT03879096
Error and Uncertainty Analysis of the Residual Stresses Computed by Using the Hole Drilling Method

Abstract: The hole‐drilling method is one of the most used techniques for the experimental analysis of the residual stresses in mechanical components. For both through‐thickness uniform and non‐uniform residual stress distributions, its application is standardised by the ASTM E837‐08. In accordance with the ASTM limitations, the analysis of uniform residual stresses, to which the present work deals with, leads in general to results with a maximum bias of about 10%. Unfortunately, in general the user does not have appropriate procedures to estimate the actual stress error; consequently, if one or more of the experimental influence parameters fall out of the corresponding standard limitations, the computed residual stresses have to be considered as qualitative results. In order to overcome such drawbacks as well as to permit in general the estimation of the stress uncertainty, in the present work the procedures for the correction of the effects of the main error sources and for the stress uncertainty estimation, are proposed. The practical application of such procedures is carried out by using a simple calculation code properly implemented in Matlab environment. Also, the use of this tool allows the user to highlight the relative error and the stress uncertainty contribution of each influence parameter.