Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survey on Non-Human Primates and Mosquitoes Does not Provide Evidences of Spillover/Spillback between the Urban and Sylvatic Cycles of Yellow Fever and Zika Viruses Following Severe Outbreaks in Southeast Brazil

In the last decade, Flaviviruses such as yellow fever (YFV) and Zika (ZIKV) have expanded their transmission areas. These viruses originated in Africa, where they exhibit both sylvatic and interhuman transmission cycles. In Brazil, the risk of YFV urbanization has grown, with the sylvatic transmission approaching the most densely populated metropolis, while concern about ZIKV spillback to a sylvatic cycle has risen. To investigate these health threats, we carried out extensive collections and arbovirus screening of 144 free-living, non-human primates (NHPs) and 5219 mosquitoes before, during, and after ZIKV and YFV outbreaks (2015–2018) in southeast Brazil. ZIKV infection was not detected in any NHP collected at any time. In contrast, current and previous YFV infections were detected in NHPs sampled between 2017 and 2018, but not before the onset of the YFV outbreak. Mosquito pools screened by high-throughput PCR were positive for YFV when captured in the wild and during the YFV outbreak, but were negative for 94 other arboviruses, including ZIKV, regardless of the time of collection. In conclusion, there was no evidence of YFV transmission in coastal southeast Brazil before the current outbreak, nor the spread or establishment of an independent sylvatic cycle of ZIKV or urban Aedes aegypti transmission of YFV in the region. In view of the region’s receptivity and vulnerability to arbovirus transmission, surveillance of NHPs and mosquitoes should be strengthened and continuous.
Learning from clinicians’ positive inclination to suicidal patients: A grounded theory model

Abstract Despite experts’ contention that clinicians’ positive inclination is essential to successful treatment of patients at risk for suicide (PRS), research in the area is lacking. This study used grounded theory to develop a model of clinicians’ positive inclination based on interviews with 12 clinicians who “liked” working with PRS. The core process identified, a state of emotional synchrony through deep connection between clinicians and PRS, appeared to provide an intersubjective emotion regulation, associated with distress reduction in patients and deep satisfaction in clinicians. Findings suggest clinicians’ deep sense of satisfaction and PRS’ clinical improvement in treatment could be interdependent.
Effect of Gradient Energy Density on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti6Al4V Fabricated by Selective Electron Beam Additive Manufacture

Selective Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing (SEBAM) is a promising powder bed fusion additive manufacturing technique for titanium alloys that select particular area melting in different energy density for producing complexly shaped biomedical devices. For most commercial Ti6Al4V porous medical devices, the gradient energy density is usually applied to manufacture in one component during the SEBAM process which selects different energy density built on particular zones. This paper presents gradient energy density base characterization study on an SEBAM built rectangular specimen with a size of 3 mm × 20 mm × 60 mm. The specimen was divided into three zones were built in gradient energy density from 16 to 26.5 J/mm3. The microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and mechanical test. The α′ martensitic and lack of fusion were observed in the low energy density (LED) built zone. However, no α′ phase and no irregular pores were observed both in overlap energy density (OED) and high energy density (HED) built zones located at the middle and bottom of the specimen respectively. This implies the top location and lower energy density have positive effects on the cooling rate but negative effects on densification. The subsequence mechanical properties result also supports this point. Moreover, the intermetallic Ti3Al found in the bottom may be due to the heat transfer from the following melting layer. Furthermore, the microstructure evolution in gradient energy built zones is discussed based on the findings of the microstructure and thermal history correlation analysis.
Evaluation of Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Properties of Silver Nanowires and Their Composites with Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Applications

In this work, we prepared silver nanowires (AgNWs) via the polyol method in the presence or absence of single wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and tested their physicochemical, antibacterial and cytotoxic properties. Results showed that the introduction of CNTs lead to the formation of AgNWs at lower temperature, but the final product characteristics of AgNWs and AgNWs-CNT were not significantly different. AgNWs exhibited antibacterial properties against all the studied bacterial species via the formation of oxygen reactive species (ROS) and membrane damage. Furthermore, AgNWs exhibited a dose-dependent and time-dependent toxicity at concentrations ≥ 10 µg/mL. Fibroblasts appeared to be more resistant than human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) and osteoblasts to the toxicity of AgNWs. The cytotoxicity of AgNWs was found to be related to the formation of ROS, but not to membrane damage. Overall, these results suggest that AgNWs are potential antibacterial agents against E. coli, S. aureus, MRSA and S. saprophyticus, but their dosage needs to be adjusted according to the route of administration.
Transport of N and P in U.S. streams and rivers differs with land use and between dissolved and particulate forms

Abstract We used a recently published, open‐access data set of U.S. streamwater nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations to test whether watershed land use differentially influences N and P concentrations, including the relative availability of dissolved and particulate nutrient fractions. We tested the hypothesis that N and P concentrations and molar ratios in streams and rivers of the United States reflect differing nutrient inputs from three dominant land‐use types (agricultural, urban and forested). We also tested for differences between dissolved inorganic nutrients and suspended particulate nutrient fractions to infer sources and potential processing mechanisms across spatial and temporal scales. Observed total N and P concentrations often exceeded reported thresholds for structural changes to benthic algae (58, 57% of reported values, respectively), macroinvertebrates (39% for TN and TP), and fish (41, 37%, respectively). The majority of dissolved N and P concentrations exceeded threshold concentrations known to stimulate benthic algal growth (85, 87%, respectively), and organic matter breakdown rates (94, 58%, respectively). Concentrations of both N and P, and total and dissolved N:P ratios, were higher in streams and rivers with more agricultural and urban than forested land cover. The pattern of elevated nutrient concentrations with agricultural and urban land use was weaker for particulate fractions. The % N contained in particles decreased slightly with higher agriculture and urbanization, whereas % P in particles was unrelated to land use. Particulate N:P was relatively constant (interquartile range = 2–7) and independent of variation in DIN:DIP (interquartile range = 22–152). Dissolved, but not particulate, N:P ratios were temporally variable. Constant particulate N:P across steep DIN:DIP gradients in both space and time suggests that the stoichiometry of particulates across U.S. watersheds is most likely controlled either by external or by physicochemical instream factors, rather than by biological processing within streams. Our findings suggest that most U.S. streams and rivers have concentrations of N and P exceeding those considered protective of ecological integrity, retain dissolved N less efficiently than P, which is retained proportionally more in particles, and thus transport and export high N:P streamwater to downstream ecosystems on a continental scale.
Changes in the Proportion of Inhibitory Interneuron Types from Sensory to Executive Areas of the Primate Neocortex: Implications for the Origins of Working Memory Representations.

Neuronal spiking activity encoding working memory (WM) is robust in primate association cortices but weak or absent in early sensory cortices. This may be linked to changes in the proportion of neuronal types across areas that influence circuits' ability to generate recurrent excitation. We recorded neuronal activity from areas middle temporal (MT), medial superior temporal (MST), and the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) of monkeys performing a WM task and classified neurons as narrow (NS) and broad spiking (BS). The ratio NS/BS decreased from MT > MST > LPFC. We analyzed the Allen Institute database of ex vivo mice/human intracellular recordings to interpret our data. Our analysis suggests that NS neurons correspond to parvalbumin (PV) or somatostatin (SST) interneurons while BS neurons are pyramidal (P) cells or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) interneurons. We labeled neurons in monkey tissue sections of MT/MST and LPFC and found that the proportion of PV in cortical layers 2/3 decreased, while the proportion of CR cells increased from MT/MST to LPFC. Assuming that primate CR/CB/PV cells perform similar computations as mice VIP/SST/PV cells, our results suggest that changes in the proportion of CR and PV neurons in layers 2/3 cells may favor the emergence of activity encoding WM in association areas.
Lymphocyte Proliferation Kinetics in Inhabitant of Takandeang Village, Mamuju: A High Background Radiation Areas in Indonesia

BACKGROUND: Mamuju area in West Sulawesi considered as the high natural background radiation area in Indonesia. Our previous study showed that the mean mitotic index (MI) and nuclear division index (NDI) in lymphocytes of Botteng Village, Mamuju inhabitants was lower compared to control samples. To validate our previous study results, here in this study the evaluation of cell proliferation markers which were MI and NDI in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of Takandeang Village inhabitants was conducted. METHODS: A total 60 people were enrolled in this study, consisted of 35 samples from Takandeang Sub-Village and 25 from normal background radiation area. MI was calculated manually and automatically using Metafer 3.11. 2 imaging system. The NDI defined as proportion of mononucleated, binucleated, trinucleated and tetranucleated cells were conducted using cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that the mean manual MI in Takandeang Sub-Village inhabitants was lower compared to control group (4.96±2.25 vs. 5.93±2.14). In contrast, the mean automatic MI (20.37±10.49 vs. 18.87±7.49) and NDI (1.555±0.174 vs. 1.523±0.112) in Takandeang Sub-Village inhabitants was higher compared to the control group. Statistical analysis revealed that the difference of mean manual MI, automatic MI and NDI in Takandeang Sub-Village inhabitants was not significantly different compared to the control group ( p >0.05). CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that based on this study the chronic low radiation dose exposure in Takandeang Sub-Village, Mamuju has no significant effect on the lymphocytes proliferation. KEYWORDS: lymphocytes, mitotic index, nuclear division index, high background radiation
Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: a safe and effective option

ABSTRACT Introduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of years lost to disability worldwide. Pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy are effective treatments in most depressive episodes; but, about 30% of MDD patients remain symptomatic, and relapse is a common event. Recently, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a valid therapeutic option in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) patients. Areas covered: In this paper, the authors summarize the findings of studies focused on these pathophysiologic phenomena and specifically on the role of DBS as a therapeutic option in TRD patients. The authors simply reviewed RCTs, open-label studies, neurophysiological mechanisms of DBS in MDD, and the possible role of different targets. Finally, we suggest possible future options. Expert opinion: Depression is a systems-level disorder, involving several brain structures. Neuroimaging studies demonstrate multiple interconnected regions that modulate different neural networks. DBS can modulate different targets, and others are under investigation. Among these subcallosal cingulate gyrus (SCG), ventral capsule and ventral striatum (VC/VS) seems to be the most relevant targets. We believe that, in the next future, DBS for TRD might become a first-line of treatment, especially using directional leads, that may help us to improve therapeutic effects.
A Community Transmitted Case of Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome due to SARS CoV2 in the United States

This is the first known community transmission case of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the United States, with significant public health implications. Diagnosis of COVID-19 is currently confirmed with PCR based testing of appropriate respiratory samples. Given the absence of travel or known exposure history, this patient did not meet the criteria for testing according to CDC guidelines at the time of her presentation. Since this case, any patient with severe disease (eg, ARDS or pneumonia) requiring hospitalization without an explanatory diagnosis can be tested even if no clear source of exposure is identified. While influencing national health policies for revising screening criteria, this case also highlighted significant knowledge gaps in diagnosis and treatment and a desperate need for early, widespread, fast and cheap testing for COVID-19.
Two‐Hour CGRP Infusion Causes Gastrointestinal Hyperactivity: Possible Relevance for CGRP Antibody Treatment

The monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor are new antimigraine drugs from which many patients already benefit. Very few side effects have been reported from the antibody trials, including very few gastrointestinal (GI) side effects. The current data derive from a double‐blind cross‐over study of CGRP infusion for 2 hours. We present the GI side effects of the infusion and raise the question if underreporting of GI symptoms in CGRP antibody trials has occurred. We also discuss why constipation may be more likely with CGRP receptor blockade than with CGRP neutralizing antibodies.
Effect of concentric vs. eccentric variant of lower limbs plyometric training on biomechanical and biochemical parameters

Abstract The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two variants of 4 weeks plyometric training involving jumping up (dominance of concentric muscle work, UP) and jumping down (dominance of eccentric muscle work, DOWN) the stairs. Twenty-six young men were divided into two groups: UP (n = 13) and DOWN (n = 13). Control measurements of the muscle torques, vertical jumps, and creatine kinase (CK) activity were performed every week. The training resulted in significant changes (p < 0.001) in the muscle torques of the hip extensors (Δ ≈ 20% in both groups) and plantar flexors (ΔUP = 25%, ΔDOWN = 33%), but in the muscle torques of the knee extensors a significant (p < 0.001) increase occurred only in the group jumping down the stairs (ΔDOWN ≈ 15%). Furthermore, a significant increase (p < 0.001) of the height of the vertical jump was noted in the study only in the group jumping down (ΔDOWN = 8%). Training with the dominance of eccentric work caused greater weekly changes in the activity of creatine kinase in the plasma. The study confirmed that the exercise involving jumping on the stairs is viable in plyometric training, as it is an effective means of training the strength of the muscles of the lower limbs and vertical jump height, with a greater share assigned to jumping down consecutive steps.
Recent Methods for Diagnosis of Dental Caries in Dentistry

Early detection and diagnosis of dental caries reduces irreversible loss of tooth structure, the treatment costs and the time needed for restoration of the teeth. Dental caries often initiates at the fissures in the occlusal surface of the tooth. Conventional examination for caries detection is primarily done using visual inspection, tactile sensation and radiographs. While these methods give satisfactory results in detection of cavitated lesions, they are usually inadequate for the detection of initial lesions. Because of these deficiencies, new detection methods have been developed to aid better diagnosis. General criteria for an ideal caries detection method include following (1,2): • Ideal caries detection method should capture the whole caries progress, from the earliest stage to the cavitation stage Ad­dress­for­Cor­ res­pon­den­ce/Ya­zış­ma­Ad­re­si: Hülya Yılmaz MD, Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Aydın, Turkey Phone : +90 256 213 39 39 E-mail : hulyayilmazdt@gmail.com Received/Geliş­Ta­rihi : 01.11. 2016 Accepted/Ka­bul­Ta­ri­ hi : 02.03. 2017 Anah­tar­Ke­li­me­ler Diş çürüğü, çürük tespiti, erken teşhis
Circulating Small Noncoding RNAs Have Specific Expression Patterns in Plasma and Extracellular Vesicles in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Are Predictive of Patient Outcome

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are hematopoietic stem cell disorders with large heterogeneity at the clinical and molecular levels. As diagnostic procedures shift from bone marrow biopsies towards less invasive techniques, circulating small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) have become of particular interest as potential novel noninvasive biomarkers of the disease. We aimed to characterize the expression profiles of circulating sncRNAs of MDS patients and to search for specific RNAs applicable as potential biomarkers. We performed small RNA-seq in paired samples of total plasma and plasma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtained from 42 patients and 17 healthy controls and analyzed the data with respect to the stage of the disease, patient survival, response to azacitidine, mutational status, and RNA editing. Significantly higher amounts of RNA material and a striking imbalance in RNA content between plasma and EVs (more than 400 significantly deregulated sncRNAs) were found in MDS patients compared to healthy controls. Moreover, the RNA content of EV cargo was more homogeneous than that of total plasma, and different RNAs were deregulated in these two types of material. Differential expression analyses identified that many hematopoiesis-related miRNAs (e.g., miR-34a, miR-125a, and miR-150) were significantly increased in MDS and that miRNAs clustered on 14q32 were specifically increased in early MDS. Only low numbers of circulating sncRNAs were significantly associated with somatic mutations in the SF3B1 or DNMT3A genes. Survival analysis defined a signature of four sncRNAs (miR-1237-3p, U33, hsa_piR_019420, and miR-548av-5p measured in EVs) as the most significantly associated with overall survival (HR = 5.866, p < 0.001). In total plasma, we identified five circulating miRNAs (miR-423-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-151a-3p, miR-125a-5p, and miR-199a-3p) whose combined expression levels could predict the response to azacitidine treatment. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that circulating sncRNAs show specific patterns in MDS and that their expression changes during disease progression, providing a rationale for the potential clinical usefulness of circulating sncRNAs in MDS prognosis. However, monitoring sncRNA levels in total plasma or in the EV fraction does not reflect one another, instead, they seem to represent distinctive snapshots of the disease and the data should be interpreted circumspectly with respect to the type of material analyzed.
Central vs peripheral venoarterial ECMO in postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock

Central or peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (va ECMO) is widely used in postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock (PCS). Available data suggest controversial results for both types. Our aim was to investigate PCS patients treated with either peripheral (pECMO) or central ECMO (cECMO) concerning their outcome.
A study to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of hand hygiene in a health-care setting

CONTEXT: In the wake of a growing burden of health care associated infections (HAIs), health-care workers (HCWs) are advised to revert to simple tools like hand hygiene (HH). AIMS: The aim of this study is to explore the existing knowledge, attitudes and practices with regard to HH, the total HH compliance and the various barriers to HH in our hospital so as to plan the strategies for bridging these gaps, thus improving patient care. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 HCWs of Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, belonging to six different categories, for a period of 2 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Knowledge, attitude and practices were evaluated using a validated WHO HH questionnaire, a self-structured attitude questionnaire and an observation checklist based on the concept of Five Moments of HH by WHO, respectively. Total compliance and the profile of missed opportunities were also assessed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: SPSS was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The knowledge on HH was good (190 out of 300, 63.3%), attitudes were poor with nursing staff having significantly better attitude than doctors (P < 0.05). In the observational study, physicians and nursing staff had better practice. Lack of time was the major barrier pointed out. The overall compliance was 46% among the HCWs of whom only 16% had proper HH practice. Rest of the 30% performed HH, but the technique was wrong. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the need for reinforcing the existing HH training programmes to address the gaps in knowledge, attitude and practice and thereby improving the level of HH compliance and enhancing patient safety.
Artificial Intelligence and Persuasion: A Construal-Level Account

Although more individuals are relying on information provided by nonhuman agents, such as artificial intelligence and robots, little research has examined how persuasion attempts made by nonhuman agents might differ from persuasion attempts made by human agents. Drawing on construal-level theory, we posited that individuals would perceive artificial agents at a low level of construal because of the agents’ lack of autonomous goals and intentions, which directs individuals’ focus toward how these agents implement actions to serve humans rather than why they do so. Across multiple studies (total N = 1,668), we showed that these construal-based differences affect compliance with persuasive messages made by artificial agents. These messages are more appropriate and effective when the message represents low-level as opposed to high-level construal features. These effects were moderated by the extent to which an artificial agent could independently learn from its environment, given that learning defies people’s lay theories about artificial agents.