Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sliding mode control with sliding perturbation observer for surgical robots

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) robot is made like a long cylinder with small diameter that can fit through a small incision thus decreasing the amount of healthy tissue damaged. Because of the shape of the surgical robot, the cable-driven mechanism is using to the robot. However this is a highly nonlinear system so the performance of the system is not so good. This paper applied a robust motion control algorithm. The algorithm uses partial state feedback for a class of nonlinear systems with modeling uncertainties and external disturbances. The major contribution is the design of a robust observer for the state and the perturbation of the instrument of the surgical robot, which is combined with a variable structure controller (VSC). The combination of controller and observer provides the robust routine called sliding mode control with sliding perturbation observer (SMCSPO). The control performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by the simulation and experiment to apply to a two-degree-of-freedom (DOF) robot arm. The results showed high accuracy and good performance.
Examination of Vascular Capacity of Scaffold Free Human Microtissue During Osteogenesis

: Vascularization is crucial strategy for bone tissue constructs. To mimic natural bone structure, researchers benefit from co-culture strategy by using stem cell and endothelial cells. The correlation of them supports proliferation of both cells. Moreover, the combination of them contributes vascularization marker expression such as Vascular Endothelial (Ve)-cadherin, Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (PECAM) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). Detection of expression rate of markers may be limited in monolayer. Three dimensional scaffold free microtissues (3D SFMs) are used to understand natural expression rate of vascular markers and to form in vivo mimetic environments. To analyze proliferation and vitality of SFMs, diameter measurements and live and dead assay were performed. For vascular analysis, relative Ve-cadherin
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT IN THE MERDEKA CURRICULUM ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION LEARNING AT SDN BUMIAYU MAGELANG

The Merdeka curriculum emphasizes the importance of integration with formative assessment, as a learning cycle. Formative assessment has the potential to support the teaching and learning process in the classroom so that the use of assessment for formative purposes is intended to integrate the learning process of students and improve learning outcomes. This study aims to determine the process and preparation of teachers in optimizing especially formative assessments in the Merdeka curriculum in PAI learning at SDN BumiAyu Magelang. This study uses a qualitative approach. The data collection technique, namely literature study, is adapted to the focus of research such as books, journals, the Merdeka curriculum assessment guide from the Ministry of Education and Culture. Collection of interview data for grade 4 PAI teachers who have implemented the Merdeka curriculum in the 2022/2023 odd semester at Bumiayu Magelang Elementary School. The results and discussion in optimizing the formative assessment of Islamic Religious Education subject teachers at SDN Bumiayu Magelang is that the feedback technique has been felt to be very good and has given good results. The teacher must also have many strategies in providing feedback, so that during the learning process students do not feel bored. This assessment is carried out to achieve the quality of student achievement produced, so the teacher must own and understand the scoring made by him.
Does the Redshift Distribution of <i>Swift</i> Long GRBs Trace the Star-Formation Rate?

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are extremely powerful explosions that have been traditionally classified into two categories: long bursts (LGRBs) with an observed duration T90>2 s, and short bursts (SGRBs) with an observed duration T90<2 s, where T90 is the time interval during which 90% of the fluence is detected. LGRBs are believed to emanate from the core-collapse of massive stars, while SGRBs are believed to result from the merging of two compact objects, like two neutron stars. Because LGRBs are produced by the violent death of massive stars, we expect that their redshift distribution should trace the star-formation rate (SFR). The purpose of our study is to investigate the extent to which the redshift distribution of LGRBs follows and reflects the SFR. We use a sample of 370 LGRBs taken from the Swift catalog, and we investigate different models for the LGRB redshift distribution. We also carry out Monte Carlo simulations to check the consistency of our results. Our results indicate that the SFR can describe the LGRB redshift distribution well for high redshift bursts, but it needs an evolution term to fit the distribution well at low redshift.
Auxin Homeostasis in Arabidopsis Ovules Is Anther-Dependent at Maturation and Changes Dynamically upon Fertilization

The plant hormone auxin is a vital component for plant reproduction as it regulates the development of both male and female reproductive organs, including ovules and gynoecia. Furthermore, auxin plays important roles in the development and growth of seeds and fruits. Auxin responses can be detected in ovules shortly after fertilization, and it has been suggested that this accumulation is a prerequisite for the developmental reprogramming of the ovules to seeds, and of the gynoecium to a fruit. However, the roles of auxin at the final stages of ovule development, and the sources of auxin leading to the observed responses in ovules after fertilization have remained elusive. Here we have characterized the auxin readout in Arabidopsis ovules, at the pre-anthesis, anthesis and in the immediate post-fertilization stages, using the R2D2 auxin sensor. In addition we have mapped the expression of auxin biosynthesis and conjugation genes, as well as that of auxin transporting proteins, during the same developmental stages. These analyses reveal specific spatiotemporal patterns of the different auxin homeostasis regulators. Auxin biosynthesis genes and auxin transport proteins define a pre-patterning of vascular cell identity in the pre-anthesis funiculus. Furthermore, our data suggests that auxin efflux from the ovule is restricted in an anther-dependent manner, presumably to synchronize reproductive organ development and thereby optimizing the chances of successful fertilization. Finally, de novo auxin biosynthesis together with reduced auxin conjugation and transport result in an enhanced auxin readout throughout the sporophytic tissues of the ovules soon after fertilization. Together, our results suggest a sophisticated set of regulatory cascades that allow successful fertilization and the subsequent transition of the female reproductive structures into seeds and fruits.
SCR Performance Evaluations in Relation to Experimental Parameters in a Marine Generator Engine

Many researchers have conducted experiments on the position and nozzle conditions in the exhaust pipe of a stage/swirl mixer, as well as the injection position required to satisfy the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) regulations. In this study, an SCR (Selective catalytic reduction) system was designed through basic and detailed designs. The performance of the components was verified through a single-component performance test for the detailed design components, and the total nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction efficiency was predicted using the proven system. Subsequently, the system was applied to an actual engine, and the performance was verified according to the engine operating conditions using the experimental variables. The NOx reduction rate and NH3 slip characteristics in relation to MCR (Maximum Continuous Rating) conditions using the optimised SCR system indicate that the NOx reduction rate exceeds 80% in all MCR conditions. Finally, the SCR system developed in this study proves that the performance of the SCR system satisfies the IMO regulatory requirements.
Control algorithm for a zone-less induction cooktop

This paper presents the design and implementation of a power supply unit for zone-less induction cook-top. Here a control algorithm is also presented for tracking the user activity which includes misalignment of pan above the coil and removal of pan. The control algorithm is implemented using a DSP processor. The power supply consists of a power stage, control stage, and digital control algorithm. Due to presence of multiple coils to cover the entire cooking surface, the power supplies and its control have to work together to detect user activity as far as pan placement is concerned. The control algorithm takes care that removal of pan from the top of a coil or partial coverage of the pan over a coil are reliably detected and based on that the power output of the power supply can be varied. The designs are validated using a lab prototype and good accuracy is obtained in experimental results.
Polaprezinc (N-(3-aminopropionyl)-L-histidinato zinc) ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice

Objective. Polaprezinc (N-(3-Aminopropionyl)-L-histidinato zinc), an anti-ulcer drug, has been reported to have an anti-inflammatory action in several inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of polaprezinc on dextran sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Material and methods. Mice with colitis induced by DSS were intrarectally treated with polaprezinc (15 mg/kg) or zinc sulfate (7.5 mg/kg) every day after the administration of DSS for 7 days. Disease activity index (DAI) and histological tissue damage were assessed. Levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ in the colon were measured. Expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 25 and HSP70 in the colon was analyzed by Western blot analysis. Results. DAI and histological scores were remarkably reduced in polaprezinc-treated mice with DSS-induced colitis. Polaprezinc suppressed the increase of MPO activity and the production of TNF-α and IFN-γ in the colon tissues of mice with DSS-induced colitis. Expression of HSP25 and HSP70 was remarkably up-regulated in the colon tissues of polaprezinc-treated mice during DSS treatment. Conclusions. Polaprezinc suppresses DSS-induced colitis in mice, partly through inhibition of production of pro-inflammatory cytokine, suppression of neutrophils accumulation and cytoprotection by overexpression of HSPs. Polaprezinc could be useful in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
Scheduling in green vehicular infrastructure with multiple roadside units

Smart scheduling can be used to reduce infrastructure energy costs in vehicular roadside networks [1]. In this paper we consider the scheduling problem when there are multiple roadside units (RSUs) in tandem. In this case it is often desirable to load balance the energy consumption across the roadside units so that energy provisioning costs can be reduced as much as possible. We first derive an integer linear programming bound on the min-max energy usage of the roadside units for a given input sample function. This bound is used for comparisons with two proposed on-line scheduling algorithms. The first is a low complexity First-Come-First-Assigned (FCFA) scheduler that makes greedy RSU selections followed by a minimum energy time slot assignment. The second algorithm, the Greedy Flow Graph Algorithm (GFGA), makes the same RSU selection but reassigns time slots whenever a new vehicle is assigned to the same RSU. This is done using a locally optimum integer linear program that can be efficiently solved using a minimum cost flow graph. Results from a variety of experiments show that the proposed scheduling algorithms perform well when compared to the energy lower bounds. Our results also show that near-optimal results are possible but come with increased computation times compared to our heuristic algorithms.
Microfluidic Vortex Enhancement for on-Chip Sample Preparation

In the past decade a large amount of analysis techniques have been scaled down to the microfluidic level. However, in many cases the necessary sample preparation, such as separation, mixing and concentration, remains to be performed off-chip. This represents a major hurdle for the introduction of miniaturized sample-in/answer-out systems, preventing the exploitation of microfluidic’s potential for small, rapid and accurate diagnostic products. New flow engineering methods are required to address this hitherto insufficiently studied aspect. One microfluidic tool that can be used to miniaturize and integrate sample preparation procedures are microvortices. They have been successfully applied as microcentrifuges, mixers, particle separators, to name but a few. In this work, we utilize a novel corner structure at a sudden channel expansion of a microfluidic chip to enhance the formation of a microvortex. For a maximum area of the microvortex, both chip geometry and corner structure were optimized with a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model. Fluorescent particle trace measurements with the optimized design prove that the corner structure increases the size of the vortex. Furthermore, vortices are induced by the corner structure at low flow rates while no recirculation is observed without a corner structure. Finally, successful separation of plasma from human blood was accomplished, demonstrating a potential application for clinical sample preparation. The extracted plasma was characterized by a flow cytometer and compared to plasma obtained from a standard benchtop centrifuge and from chips without a corner structure.
The insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor causes acquired resistance to erlotinib in lung cancer cells with the wild‐type epidermal growth factor receptor

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy often provides a dramatic response in lung cancer patients with EGFR mutations. In addition, moderate clinical efficacy of the EGFR‐TKI, erlotinib, has been shown in lung cancer patients with the wild‐type EGFR. Numerous molecular mechanisms that cause acquired resistance to EGFR‐TKIs have been identified in lung cancers with the EGFR mutations; however, few have been reported in lung cancers with the wild‐type EGFR. We used H358 lung adenocarcinoma cells lacking EGFR mutations that showed modest sensitivity to erlotinib. The H358 cells acquired resistance to erlotinib via chronic exposure to the drug. The H358 erlotinib‐resistant (ER) cells do not have a secondary EGFR mutation, neither MET gene amplification nor PTEN downregulation; these have been identified in lung cancers with the EGFR mutations. From comprehensive screening of receptor tyrosine kinase phosphorylation, we observed increased phosphorylation of insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) in H358ER cells compared with parental H358 cells. H358ER cells responded to combined therapy with erlotinib and NVP‐AEW541, an IGF1R‐TKI. Our results indicate that IGF1R activation is a molecular mechanism that confers acquired resistance to erlotinib in lung cancers with the wild‐type EGFR.
VLSI Architecture for Matrix Inversion using Modified Gram-Schmidt based QR Decomposition

Matrix inversion and triangularization problems are common to a wide variety of communication systems, signal processing applications and solution of a set of linear equations. Matrix inversion is a computationally intensive process and its hardware implementation based on fixed-point (FP) arithmetic is a challenging problem. This paper proposes a fully parallel VLSI architecture under fixed-precision for the inverse computation of a real square matrix using QR decomposition with modified Gram-Schmidt (MGS) orthogonalization. The MGS algorithm is stable and accurate to the integral multiples of machine precision under fixed-precision for a well-conditioned non-singular matrix. For typical matrices (4 times 4) found in MIMO communication systems, the proposed architecture was able to achieve a clock rate of 277 MHz with a latency of 18 time units and area of 72K gates using 0.18-mum CMOS technology. For a generic square matrix of order n, the latency required is 5n - 2 which is better than all previously known architectures. With the use of LUTs and log-domain computations, the total area has been reduced compared to architectures based on linear-domain computations
Graded Multilabel Classification by Pairwise Comparisons

The task in multilabel classification is to predict for a given set of labels whether each individual label should be attached to an instance or not. Graded multilabel classification generalizes this setting by allowing to specify for each label a degree of membership on an ordinal scale. This setting can be frequently found in practice, for example when movies or books are assessed on a one-to-five star rating in multiple categories. In this paper, we propose to reformulate the problem in terms of preferences between the labels and their scales, which can then be tackled by learning from pair wise comparisons. We present three different approaches which make use of this decomposition and show on three datasets that we are able to outperform baseline approaches. In particular, we show that our solution, which is able to model pair wise preferences across multiple scales, outperforms a straight-forward approach which considers the problem as a set of independent ordinal regression tasks.
An Adaptive Programming Model for Fault-Tolerant Distributed Computing

The capability of dynamically adapting to distinct runtime conditions is an important issue when designing distributed systems where negotiated quality of service (QoS) cannot always be delivered between processes. Providing fault tolerance for such dynamic environments is a challenging task. Considering such a context, this paper proposes an adaptive programming model for fault-tolerant distributed computing, which provides upper-layer applications with process state information according to the current system synchrony (or QoS). The underlying system model is hybrid, composed by a synchronous part (where there are time bounds on processing speed and message delay) and an asynchronous part (where there is no time bound). However, such a composition can vary over time, and, in particular, the system may become totally asynchronous (e.g., when the underlying system QoS degrade) or totally synchronous. Moreover, processes are not required to share the same view of the system synchrony at a given time. To illustrate what can be done in this programming model and how to use it, the consensus problem is taken as a benchmark problem. This paper also presents an implementation of the model that relies on a negotiated quality of service (QoS) for communication channels
The Structural Properties of Isolated Galaxies, Spiral-Spiral Pairs, and Mergers: The Robustness of Galaxy Morphology during Secular Evolution

We present a structural analysis of nearby galaxies in spiral-spiral pairs in optical BVRI bands and compare them with the structures of isolated spiral galaxies and galaxies in ongoing mergers. We use these comparisons to determine how galaxy structure changes during galaxy interactions and mergers. We analyze light concentration (C), asymmetry (A), and clumpiness (S) parameters, and use the projections of CAS parameter space to compare these samples. We find that the CAS parameters of paired galaxies are correlated with the projected separations of the pair. For the widest and closest pairs, the CAS parameters tend to be similar to those of isolated and ongoing major mergers (e.g., ultraluminous infrared galaxies), respectively. Our results imply that galaxy morphology is a robust property that only changes significantly during a strong interaction or major merger. The typical timescale for this change in our paired sample, based on dynamical friction arguments, is short, τ ≈ 0.1–0.5 Gyr. We find average enhancement factors for the spiral-pair asymmetries and clumpiness values of ∼2.2 and 1.5. The S parameter, which is related to star formation (SF) activity, has a moderate level of enhancement, suggesting that this activity in modern spirals depends more on internal processes than on external conditions. We further test the statistical criterion for picking up interacting galaxies in an automated way by using the A-S projection plane. The diversity of our spiral-pair sample in the CAS space suggests that structural/SF/morphological properties of interacting galaxies change abruptly only when the interaction becomes very strong and the criteria given previously by Conselice for finding galaxies involved in major mergers are effective.
Probabilistic wind power forecasting based on the laplace distribution and golden search

The point forecast of wind power and its error distribution are estimated under the assumption that the error distribution follows known distributions in a closed form. The point forecast is estimated via the gradient boosting machine (GBM). The mean of the error distribution is assumed to be zero, and the standard deviation (STD) of the error distribution is found to minimize the sum of the mismatches between the quantiles of the error distribution and the actual target value. The mismatch is measured by the pinball loss function, and the optimal STD is found through the golden section search method. The performance of our proposed algorithm is verified by using the numerical weather prediction (NWP) and wind power data from the 2014 Global Energy Forecasting Competition (GEFCom). Our current benchmark ranking is second according to the published competition result of 14th week.
Knot-based Key Exchange protocol

We propose a new key exchange protocol based on the Generalised Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange. In the latter, instead of using a group-action, we consider a semigroup action. In our proposal, the semigroup is the set of oriented knots in S 3 with the operation of connected sum. As a semigroup action, we choose the action of the semigroup on itself through the connected sum. For the protocol to work, we need to use knot invariants, which allow us to create the shared secret key starting from the same knot represented in two different ways. In particular, we use finite type invariants. The security of the protocol is guaranteed by the hardness of decomposing knots in the semigroup.
Adjuvant Immunotherapy Is Dependent on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase

Rodents immunized with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) are resistant to subsequent attempts to induce autoimmune disease, while animals immunized with incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) remain susceptible. Mycobacterial extracts can stimulate inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) gene transcription. Robust expression of NOS2 has been linked to suppression of T cell proliferation and alterations in immune responses. Our studies investigated the hypothesis that the immunoprotective effect of CFA before immunization requires functional NOS2. NOS2 gene expression is chronically elevated in lymph nodes and spleens of CFA-immunized mice. Maximal expression of NOS2 after CFA immunization requires the presence of functional type I tumor necrosis factor α receptor (TNFR1) and interferon γ. Groups of nontreated and CFA-preimmunized male C57BL/6J or C57BL/6NOS2−/− mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide 35–55 in CFA to induce experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Wild-type C57BL/6J mice were protected from the development of symptoms of EAE, while the NOS2−/− mice failed to be protected. NOS2-dependent effects of CFA included an augmentation of the MOG-specific IgG1 response, a decrease in interleukin 6 production by MOG-reactive lymphocytes, and a marked decrease in mononuclear cell infiltrates in the central nervous system. These studies support the hypothesis that CFA immunization modulates immune responses through a nitric oxide–dependent mechanism.