Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Terpenoids, Ganolucidic Acid D, Ganoderic Acid L, Lucidone C and Lucidenic Acid G, from the Fungus Ganoderma lucidum

The fruiting body of the fungus Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) has attracted much attention as a folk medicine, and some of its components have been elucidated. We have also reported several bitter terpenoids and related compounds from the fungus.1~9) The naming of lucidenic acids is a little confused, so we now designate our lucidenic acids D and E2) as Dx and El5 and Kikuchi's7) as D2 and E2, respectively. Recently, we have isolated four new terpenoids, ganolucidic acid D (1), methyl
TRANSFORMATION OF VIRUS RESISTANT GENOTYPE OF GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L. WITH PESTICIDAL GENE

Genetically transformed plants of virus-resistant genotype of Gossypium hirsutum L. CIM-443 were generated by using Agrobacterium and particle bombardment method. An insecticidal cry1Ab gene derived from Bacillus thuringiensis was introduced in the plants. Inoculated tissues were selected on MS medium containing kanamycin. The resultant plants showed protection against Lepidopteran insect Helicoverpa armigera. Molecular analysis showed the presence of cry1Ab gene in the genome of transformed plant. Immunological analysis of the transgenic plants indicated expression of Cry1Ab protein upto 100-120ng per mg of fresh leaf weight.
Choosing a Financial Advisor: When and How to Delegate?

Using a theoretical life cycle model, we evaluate how much workers benefit from having the option to hire a financial advisor when it is costly for employees to rebalance their own financial portfolios. Results indicate that having access to a financial advisor at the start of one’s career can be quite beneficial. If delegation to an advisor is available only a decade after entering the labor market, the benefit of delegation is cut by half, and it falls further if delegation is available only later in life (at age 60). We also examine whether simpler target date funds (TDF) and fixed-weight portfolios benefit consumers, compared to the outcomes with customized financial advice. We show that the simpler portfolio products would need to be provided at zero cost, in order to benefit consumers as much as having access to a financial advisor.
The recruitment of parasitoid species to two invading herbivores

1. Two small species of leaf-mining moth, Phyllonorycter leucographella and P. plantani, colonized the British Isles during the 1980s. The parasitoid assemblage on the invading species is described and compared with assemblages on native Phyllonorcyter species. 2. Sixteen species of parasitoid were recorded from each invading host. Against initial predictions, the size of the assemblages were indistinguishable from those on native species. 3. The equitability of the distribution of individuals among paragitoid species was relatively low for assemblages on the two introduced hosts in comparison with native hosts. 4. It was predicted that the parasitoids attacking novel hosts should have a wider host range than those attacking native hosts. This was not found to be the case. 5. Cluster analysis revealed the assemblages on introduced species to be relatively dissimilar to those on native hosts. There was no particular similarity with native hosts on related host plants. 6. The most important parasitoid on P. platani was a specialist that invaded the British Isles at the same time as its host. The most important species on P. leucographella attacked hosts that had ecological features in common with the invader
Maintenance ManageMent systeMs in agricultural coMpanies in the czech republic systeMy zarządzania utrzyManieM ruchu

The purpose of this paper is to describe different maintenance management systems being used by Czech companies with a view to the agro-industrial complex in recent years. The paper focuses on maintenance management systems supported by information system (IS) and their implementation in companies. The use of IS helps to create a variety of scenarios with an emphasis on the need for analytical instruments processing data integration in order to improve the efficiency of the maintenance system and identify its weaknesses. While the maintenance management information system (MMIS) is widespread within the agro-industrial scope in the manufacturing industry, in primary agricultural production and agricultural machinery servicing, it has yet to be utilized. The paper also describes some possible applications of MMIS in the sphere of the agro-industrial complex, the differences between their applications and the potential use of MMIS in the case of fully or partially outsourced agricultural equipment maintenance.
Photosynthetic Parameters Were Modified in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Flag Leaves by Two Phenylurea Cytokinins

The effects of two cytokinin‐like substances, 3‐CP‐2PU and 3‐CP‐4MPU (100 μmol L−1), on such photosynthetic parameters as stomatal conductance (Gs), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), enzyme activities of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), and chlorophyll and protein contents in wheat flag leaves were investigated. The studied parameters were measured on the seventh and fourteenth days after the chemical treatment, as both time periods involve the early grain‐filling stage. The 3‐CP‐2PU‐treated leaves showed an increase in Pn and CA and PEPC activities on the seventh day. In contrast, the treatment with 3‐CP‐4MPU decreased Gs and Pn but induced both enzyme activities in a higher degree. On the fourteenth day, both compounds opened the stomata approximately equally (∼50%), but their stimulating effect on Pn was different. Flag leaf chlorophyll and soluble protein also increased, especially in the 3‐CP‐4MPU‐treated leaves. Higher Pn of the treated flag leaves at the early filling stage was positively associated with grain yield, a higher number of grains per plant, and 1000‐grain weights. This study demonstrates for the first time the ability of two phenylurea compounds to increase the photosynthetic capacity of wheat flag leaves.
Müller-Weiss Disease: A Topical Review

Müller-Weiss disease (MWD) is a painful foot condition characterized by deformity, sclerosis, and fragmentation of the navicular. The diseased navicular is characteristically comma shaped with varying degrees of arthritis present at the talonavicular and naviculocuneiform joints. Other names for MWD include Brailsford disease, adult tarsal scaphoiditis, spontaneous adult navicular osteonecrosis, and listhesis navicularis. There is substantial controversy regarding the etiology, pathophysiology, and natural history of MWD, as well as optimal methods of treatment. This article reviews the historical and current literature regarding MWD, including the latest surgical interventions that have been reported.
Variation in noxiousness of different wheat species for celiac patients

Abstract Peptic-tryptic (PT) digested prolamins from spelt wheat Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta and landraces ERSA 6 and ERSA 8 of farro wheat T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum were found to agglutinate K562(S) cells, and exert strong toxic effects on Caco-2/TC7 cells. Cytotoxicity of spelt prolamins against Caco-2/TC7 cells was greatly reduced by 10-mer peptide QQPQDAVQPF. By contrast, the PT digests from monoccum wheat (Triticum monococcum) and farro landraces Prometeo, L5563, L5540 and L5558 did not exhibit any negative effects on K562(S) and Caco-2/TC7 cells. Toxic genotypes ERSA 6 and ERSA 8 were found to share the same gliadin pattern, which was absent in inactive landraces. Monococcum, farro and spelt wheats differed from each other in their responses to antibodies specific for 13-mer cytotoxic sequence FPGQQQPFPPQQP and 10-mer peptide QQPQDAVQPF. This latter sequence was found to occur in high amounts in common wheat line FG, Phaseoulus vulgaris, Ph. coccineus and Lens culinaria.
Information Attribute Reduction Based on the Rough Set Theory

 Abstract — The genetic algorithm is used to optimize the algorithm of attribute reduction in data preprocessing, and the rough approximation precision in the rough set theory is utilized to determine the importance of information attribute. From which the decision table is constituted by selecting the attributes which have higher degree of attribute importance, and the attribute core of decision information is obtained by using the identification matrix. The initial population is constructed on the standard of the attribute core , the search area of genetic algorithm is reduced. Finally, the correction operator based on the rough approximation precision is introduced, and the algorithm is made to conduct in the correct solution space, thus the speed of attribute reduction is improved, furthermore, the optimal results of attribute reduction are obtained.
A STUDY OF TWENTY-FOUR STRAINS OF ACTINOMYCES AND THEIR RELATION TO TYPES OF COMMON SCAB OF POTATO

SUMMARY The difficulty of reconciling various cultures of the scab organism with any one defined type of A. scabies (Thaxter) Gussow is discussed. Inclusion of all such cultures into one A. scabies group has no justification. A technique has been evolved whereby the cultural characters of Actinomyces may be maintained in sub-culture. Twenty-four Actinomyces strains were isolated from potato scabs and other sources, and the cultural and morphological characters of these have been worked out and described. Three pairs of duplicate strains appeared, but with these exceptions, the differences between the strains were of specific rank. One of the species appears to be identical with Thaxter's original scab organism and is thus referred to A. scabies (Thaxter) Gussow; the remainder are new and have accordingly been named. Eleven of the species were found to produce scab on potatoes. The various type a of common scab have been defined, and it has been shown that type of scab is dependent on the infecting Actinomyces species. The variety of potato may modify but cannot materially change this type. A. scabies (Thaxter) Gussow (emend. M. and B.) produced a deeply furrowed scab apparently identical with the “Deep Scab” described by Thaxter. This species was also found to attack the roots and stolons of potato plants. The occurrence of scab in virgin soils and the predominance of certain scab types in certain soils and in different years are discussed.
CLEP_A_243414 405..414

YuanYing Ma 1 LiSan Zhang 2 Xian Wang 3 Liqian Qiu 1 Therese Hesketh 4,5 Xinyu Wang 6 1Department of Women’s Healthcare, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Big Data Analysis, Hangzhou Maicim Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China; 4Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China; 5Institute for Global Health, University College London; London, UK; 6Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, People’s Republic of China Background and Aim: Maternal near-miss (MNM) surveillance has been developed to identify severe complications in pregnancy since 2011 in China. However, very little is known about MNM in China. This study aims to explore the prevalence of MNM, the risk factors, and perinatal outcomes using the WHO near-miss approach in a developed Chinese province. Materials and Methods: We used data from China’s National Maternity Near Miss Obstetrics Surveillance System for the period 2012 to 2017, which included 18 hospitals in Zhejiang Province. Chi-squared tests were used to compare the socio-demographic factors, obstetric complications and perinatal outcomes between women with and without MNM. Logistic regression was used to examine the independent risk factors for MNM. Results: A total of 612,264 pregnant women were recruited. There were 3208 MNM cases and 34 maternal deaths. The MNM incidence ratio was low at 5.9 per 1,000 live births, with an MNM mortality ratio of 98:1 and mortality index of 1.1%. Among 3208 women with MNM, postpartum hemorrhage was the commonest cause at 76.3% followed by severe anemia at 23.7% and placenta previa at 23.0%. Embolism was identified as having the highest risk for MNM (AOR 46.0; 95% CI 19.1–110.7), followed by postpartum hemorrhage (AOR 41.0; 95% CI 35.7–47.0), and severe anemia (AOR 36.6; 95% CI 16.0–84.1). MNM cases were significantly associated with severe perinatal outcome, including premature birth, low birth weight, multiple fetuses, stillbirth rates and neonatal mortality. Conclusion: Overall near-miss indicators suggested a relatively high quality of maternal health care in a developed province of China. The identified risk factors may be helpful in developing targeted interventions for improving maternal safety.
Detection of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) from Satsuma Owari mandarins (Citris unshiu) by direct tissue blot immunoassay (DTBIA), DAS‐ELISA, and biological indexing

Abstract Three different citrus‐producing regions of Turkey—Edremit Gulf, Coastal Aegean, and eastern Black Sea—were surveyed in 2005 and 2006. A total of 119 samples were collected from Satsuma Owari mandarin (Citrus unshiu) trees grafted on Citrus tristeza virus (CTV)‐resistant Poncirus trifoliata rootstocks in commercial groves and home gardens. All samples were tested for the presence of CTV by direct tissue blot immunoassay (DTBIA) and double antibody sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (DAS‐ELISA) using young shoots. The samples that tested positive were indexed for biological properties. The results obtained from DTBIA tests showed that 20 of 119 (16.8%) tested trees were infected with CTV and 99 trees were virus free. All samples that tested positive in DTBIA were also positive in DAS‐ELISA. After biological indexing, none of these 20 isolates showed any symptoms on sour orange, grapefruit, and sweet orange plants, but all isolates induced vein‐clearing symptoms on Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifoli) in 9 months. Some isolates also caused leaf‐cupping and chlorosis in Mexican lime. However, 15 months after initial grafting, all isolates induced mild to moderate stem‐pitting on Mexican lime. In addition, young tissues, petioles, and leaf samples were collected periodically at monthly intervals for 1 year (2006) from a 25‐year‐old Satsuma Owari mandarin grafted on P. trifoliata in the Edremit Gulf. CTV was readily detected in tissue blots of young shoots and petioles from CTV‐infected plants during the autumn, winter, and spring seasons. Similarly, the highest ELISA values were obtained in April; the lowest values were noted in September. This study showed that DTBIA is a rapid, sensitive, and reliable procedure for detecting CTV under field conditions.
Evidence from Malaysia

This paper examines the bank lending channel of monetary transmission in Malaysia, a country with a dual banking system including both Islamic and conventional banks, over the period 1994:01-2015:06. A two-regime threshold vector autoregression (TVAR) model is estimated to take into account possible nonlinearities in the relationship between bank lending and monetary policy under different economic conditions. The results indicate that Islamic credit is less responsive than conventional credit to interest rate shocks in both the high and low growth regimes. By contrast, the relative importance of Islamic credit shocks in driving output growth is much greater in the low growth regime, their effects being positive. These findings can be interpreted in terms of the distinctive features of Islamic banks.
Comparison of alfalfa and mixed alfalfa-sainfoin pastures for grazing cattle: Effects on incidence of bloat, ruminal fermentation, and feed intake

Grazing experiments were conducted over two years to evaluate the effects of incorporating sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) into alfalfa (Medicago sativa) pasture on bloat, ruminal fermentation, and feed intake. Pastures of alfalfa (Alf) and alfalfa-sainfoin (AS) were established by cross-seeding (in 1998) or parallel-seeding in (1999) sainfoin into strip-seeded alfalfa. The pastures were used in grazing studies in 1999 and 2000. For periods of 4 or 5 d, 12 ruminally cannulated Jersey steers were turned out into pastures from 0830 to 1430 daily (without access to water) then were moved to a fenced area (with free access to water but no feed) until the next morning. Feed intake during grazing was estimated using alkane markers, development of bloat was assessed, and ruminal fluid (RF) fermentation properties were determined. Incidence of bloat on first-growth pastures grazed at early bloom in 1999 was unaffected by sainfoin (at 8.3%, DM basis) but was reduced by 80% (P < 0.001) in AS pasture compared with .
Geothermochronology Based on Noble Gases: II. Stability of the (U–Th)/He Isotope System in Zircon1

The kinetics of He migration from zircon of variable degree of metamictization was investigated. The migration parameters of He were experimentally determined, the influence of radiation damage and the degree of metamictization on the stability of the (U–Th)/He isotope system was evaluated, the mechanisms of noble gas escape from zircon were investigated, new data on the kinetics of He migration were obtained and compared with previous results for the kinetics of Xe migration from zircon of the same geologic objects. It was shown that He occurs in two energy positions in the zircon lattice: the main position (more than 80% He) with an activation energy of ~39 kcal/mol and k0 = 10 11 yr–1 and the second position with an activation energy for migration of 5⎯10 kcal/mol and k0 ~ 10 6 yr–1. It was concluded that He migration from the main energy position is better described by a single jump mechanism. The migration of He from the second energy position is consistent with the diffusion mechanism. It was shown that deviations from the linear dependence in the lnln(He0/Het)–1/T coordinates are probably related to the destruction of volume defects containing He atoms at high temperatures (more than 1000°C on the experimental time scale) resulting in a change from the single jump to diffusion mechanism and the presence of atoms migrating via the diffusion mechanism. It was shown that the peak width in the spectrum of radiogenic He release and the appearance of a second peak also depend on the fraction of atoms migrating in accordance with the diffusion mechanism. It was found that the low activation energy for He release from the second energy position indicates the existence of continuous He loss from the zircon lattice. DOI: 10.1134/S0869591110060019
Toxicity of cadmium to Parachanna obscura : As evidenced by alterations in hematology, histology, and behavior

Fish of species Parachanna obscura are exposed to four concentrations of cadmium (Cd) (0.02, 0.06, 0.18, or 0.54 mg L−1). Acute toxicity test results after 96 h showed marked hematological, histological, and behavioral changes. Quantitative blood analysis revealed that white blood cell (WBC), packed cell volume (PCV), and platelets counts were linearly correlated with increasing Cd concentrations; however, blood haemoglobin (Hb) showed an inverse relationship, with higher Hb levels at lower Cd concentrations. Histological changes of the liver showed hepatic separation, bloody appearance, and deposition of a brownish-yellow substance, which increased with rising concentrations of metal. Behavioral changes observed included reduced activity, avoidance response, and deposition of a slimy-whitish film on the body of the fish, which increased with concentration and exposure time.
MATING BETWEEN DIAPAUSING AND NONDIAPAUSING STRAINS OF THE CITRUS RED MITE, PANONYCHUS CITRI (MCGREGOR)

The reproductive compatibility between diapausing (DP) and nondiapausing (C) strains of the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (M.), was determined by crossing experiments. Mating between the two strains was unrestricted, but copulation between C females and DP males was often broken off prematurely, whereas copulation in the reciprocal cross was of normal duration. Diapausing males showed a strong preference for guarding quiescent female deutonymphs of their strain prior to copulation, whereas C males did not. However, males of either strain showed no preference between adult females, resulting in only a partial, one-sided premating isolation between strains. No adult females were produced in the progeny from either interstrain cross, showing reproductive incompatibility is complete. Hatchability of the eggs from the cross between DP females and C males was significantly lower than that from the cross between C females and DP males, or from the intrastrain crosses, suggesting that even though some of the eggs in the former cross were fertilized, they died during embryonic stages. This possibility was supported by the observation that, for DP females mated with a C male, the second intrastrain mating was almost totally ineffective. Also, for C females mated with a DP male, a second intrastrain mating was often ineffective, but to a lesser extent than for DP females. When the two strains coexisted, effective mating was severely curtailed for both strains. The results explained the low proportion of females from overwintered DP eggs in a pear orchard in which the two strains coexisted the previous autumn.
Effect of Gender on Students’ Scientific Reasoning Ability : A Case Study in Thailand

As scientific literacy is currently considered the central goal for development of the 21st century citizens, scientific reasoning ability is determined as an important factor for fostering student performance in science learning. Many science education researchers have reported that gender influenced students’ understanding and their attitudes toward science. However, there are not much investigation in the area of the interactions between gender and scientific reasoning ability. In order to gain more understanding on issue, this study aims to examine the effect of gender on students’ scientific reasoning ability in a context of Thailand. A total of 400 Grade 11 students from four co-educational schools in Northeastern region of Thailand participated in the study. The widely used and pre-validated Lawson Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning (LCTSR) Lawson (2000) was administered to investigate students’ scientific reasoning ability in six constructs namely (i) Conservation of Mass and Volume (CMV), (ii) Proportional Thinking (PPT), (iii) Control of Variables (CV), (iv) Probabilistic Thinking (PBT), (v) Correlational Thinking (CT), and (vi) Hypothetical-deductive Reasoning (HDR). The results indicated that the gender does not significantly impact on students’ scientific reasoning ability for each construct. In addition, the lowest mean score for the students’ scientific reasoning ability were HDR, CV, PPT, respectively, for both genders. The finding of this indicated that there is critical area for improvement of students’ scientific reasoning ability. This also implied that instructional pedagogy in science classroom should be more emphasized on the way of teaching that (i) how to reason casually based on hypothesis generation (ii) how to design well fair science experiment, and (iii) how to determine correlation and conversation between target variables, in order to enhance the development of students’ scientific reasoning ability. Selection and peer review under the responsibility of Prof. Dr. Servet Bayram