Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of Pretreatment Neutrophil-to-Eosinophil Ratio with Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Nivolumab

Background There is a need to develop biomarkers for a more efficient use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Recently, it has been reported that peripheral blood components, including eosinophils, may be effective ICI biomarkers. This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic value of eosinophils for measuring the effects of nivolumab on recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). Materials and Methods The study included 47 patients with R/M HNSCC treated with nivolumab. Eosinophil-related biomarkers, such as absolute eosinophil count (AEC), relative eosinophil count (REC), and neutrophil-to-eosinophil ratio (NER), were measured from the peripheral blood of the patients before nivolumab treatment. For each biomarker, the patients were divided into a high- and a low-value group according to their cutoff values, and these groups were compared. Results Regarding AEC and REC, no significant improvement in the objective response rate (ORR) was observed between patients with AEC >0.9 × 103/μL and those with AEC <0.9 × 103/μL (p = 0.147) and between patients with REC >2.2% and those with REC <2.2% (p = 0.110). However, patients with NER <32 had improved ORR compared with those with NER >32 (P = 0.0361). Additionally, although patients with AEC >0.9 × 103/μL, REC >2.2%, and NER <32 had longer overall survival (OS) than those with AEC <0.9 × 103/μL, REC <2.2%, and NER >32, only patients with NER <32 showed prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) compared with those with NER >32 according to the Log rank test (p = 0.046, 0.027, and 0.035, respectively). Furthermore, the multivariate analysis revealed that baseline NER >32 (p = 0.027) was an independent prognostic factor for worse OS. Conclusion A pretreatment feature of low NER (NER <32) may predict better clinical outcomes in patients with R/M HNSCC treated with nivolumab.
Existence of L\'evy's area and pathwise integration

Rough path analysis can be developed using the concept of controlled paths, and with respect to a topology in which L\'evy's area plays a role. For vectors of irregular paths we investigate the relationship between the property of being controlled and the existence of associated L\'evy areas. For two paths, one of which is controlled by the other, a pathwise construction of the L\'evy area and therefore of mutual stochastic integrals is possible. If the existence of quadratic variation along a sequence of partitions is guaranteed, this leads us to a study of the pathwise change of variable (It\^o) formula in the spirit of F\"ollmer, from the perspective of controlled paths.
Using Daily Stretching to Counteract Performance Decreases as a Result of Reduced Physical Activity—A Controlled Trial

There are many reasons for reduced physical activity leading to reduced maximal strength and sport-specific performance, such as jumping performance. These include pandemic lockdowns, serious injury, or prolonged sitting in daily work life. Consequently, such circumstances can contribute to increased morbidity and reduced physical performance. Therefore, a demand for space-saving and home-based training routines to counteract decreases in physical performance is suggested in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of using daily static stretching using a stretching board to counteract inactivity-related decreases in performance. Thirty-five (35) participants were either allocated to an intervention group (IG), performing a daily ten-minute stretch training combined with reduced physical activity or a reduced physical activity-only group (rPA). The effects on maximal voluntary contraction, range of motion using the knee-to-wall test, countermovement jump height (CMJheight), squat jump height (SJheight), drop jump height (DJheight), contact time (DJct) and the reactive strength index (DJRSI) were evaluated using a pre-test-post-test design. The rPA group reported reduced physical activity because of lockdown. Results showed significant decreases in flexibility and jump performance (d = −0.11–−0.36, p = 0.004–0.046) within the six weeks intervention period with the rPA group. In contrast, the IG showed significant increases in MVC90 (d = 0.3, p < 0.001) and ROM (d = 0.44, p < 0.001) with significant improvements in SJheight (d = 0.14, p = 0.002), while no change was measured for CMJheight and DJ performance. Hence, 10 min of daily stretching seems to be sufficient to counteract inactivity-related performance decreases in young and healthy participants.
DYNAMICS OF MAGNETIC DOMAIN WALLS

Equations of motion for a flexed domain wall are derived. Velocity dependence of wall thickness is neglected. The orientation angle of the wall‐moment is canonically conjugate to the wall position. Walker's uniform‐motion solution is stable. At higher fields, the wall oscillates. A general method of evaluating the non‐linear mobility in the limit of small damping and small field is given.
Variance Reduction in Gibbs Sampler Using Quasi Random Numbers

Abstract A sequence of s-dimensional quasi random numbers fills the unit cube evenly at a much faster rate than a sequence of pseudo uniform deviates does. It has been successfully used in many Monte Carlo problems to speed up the convergence. Direct use of a sequence of quasi random numbers, however, does not work in Gibbs samplers because the successive draws are now dependent. We develop a quasi random Gibbs algorithm in which a randomly permuted quasi random sequence is used in place of a sequence of pseudo deviates. One layer of unnecessary variation in the Gibbs sample is eliminated. A simulation study with three examples shows that the proposed quasi random algorithm provides much tighter estimates of the quantiles of the stationary distribution and is about 4–25 times as efficient as the pseudo algorithm. No rigorous theoretical justification for the quasi random algorithm, however, is available at this point.
Frobenius Splitting of Thick Flag Manifolds of Kac–Moody Algebras

We explain that the Plücker relations provide the defining equations of the thick flag manifold associated to a Kac–Moody algebra. This naturally transplants the result of Kumar–Mathieu–Schwede about the Frobenius splitting of thin flag varieties to the thick case. As a consequence, we provide a description of the space of global sections of a line bundle of a thick Schubert variety as conjectured in Kashiwara–Shimozono [13]. This also yields the existence of a compatible basis of thick Demazure modules and the projective normality of the thick Schubert varieties.
A study of the 2.5-25μm spectrum of H2O ice

We present new absorbance spectra of the 3-, 6- and 12-μm features of amorphous and crystalline H2O ice obtained between 10 and 140 K. Three sets of measurements have been made. In series I, the ice film was initially deposited on to a CsI substrate at 10 K and successive spectra were then obtained at intermediate temperatures as the ice was warmed up to 140 K. The second set, series II, comprises spectra for ice films deposited and measured at temperatures between 10 and 140 K. In the third set of measurements, series III, spectra were obtained for an ice film deposited at 140 K and then at intermediate temperatures as the film was cooled down to 10 K. The series I and II results show that the ice undergoes an amorphous-to-crystalline phase transition in the 110–120 K range. The 3- and 12-μm bands have similar trends in full width at half-maximum (FWHM) and opposite peak wavelength shifts. The temperature behaviour of the 6-μm band is different, as no clear phase transition temperature can be discerned from its FWHM and peak wavelength position data. In the series III spectra the peak wavelength positions and FWHM of the three bands remain relatively constant, thus demonstrating the stability of the crystalline phase against thermal cycling. A comparison between the laboratory results and astronomical spectra suggests that the identification of the librational band of H2O ice in OH 231.8 + 4.2 may be incorrect.
Weighted Composition Operators Acting on Harmonic Hardy Spaces

Suppose $n\geq 3$ and let $B$ be the open unit ball in $\mathbb{R}^n$. Let $\varphi: B\to B$ be a $C^2$ map whose Jacobian does not change sign, and let $\psi$ be a $C^2$ function on $B$. We characterize bounded weighted composition operators $W_{\varphi,\psi}$ acting on harmonic Hardy spaces $h^p(B)$. In addition, we compute the operator norm of $W_{\varphi,\psi}$ on $h^p(B)$ when $\varphi$ is a M\"obius transformation of $B$.
Vector frequency-comb Fourier-transform spectroscopy for characterizing metamaterials

We determine infrared transmission amplitude and phase spectra of metamaterial samples at well-defined incidence and polarization with a vector (‘asymmetric’) frequency-comb Fourier-transform spectrometer (c-FTS) that uses no moving elements. The metamaterials are free-standing metallic hole arrays; we study their resonances in the 7–13 μm and 100–1000 μm wavelength regions due both to interaction with bulk waves (Wood anomaly) and with leaky surface plasmon polaritons (near-unity transmittance, coupling features and dispersion). Such complex-valued transmission and reflection spectra could be used to compute a metamaterial's complex dielectric function directly, as well as its magnetic and magneto-optical permeability functions.
D2D-MAP: A Drone to Drone Authentication Protocol Using Physical Unclonable Functions

With the continuous miniaturization of electronic devices and the recent advancements in wireless communication technologies, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), in general, and Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (SUAVs, a.k.a., drones), in particular, are becoming progressively used by the civilian sector within the context of a variety of applications, bringing great convenience to the public. However, due to their resource-constrained nature, risky environmental application, and wireless way of communication, drones are not immune from cyberthreats. As a consequence, the security of drones (SUAVs) has recently gained significant attention by the research community. In particular, when it comes to inter-drone communication. Although traditional cryptographic techniques may provide a certain level of security, they actually constitute a heavy burden on SUAVs due to their resource-constrained nature. In the light of enforcing the security of inter-drone communications, this paper proposes a lightweight drone-to-drone authentication protocol, called D2D-MAP, that uses PUF (Physical Unclonable Function) technology. We design the protocol and evaluate its resilience against various attacks. We use resource-constrained hardware to implement the authentication protocol and perform an evaluation of its performance. We show that the protocol's security and the obtained performance are prominent compared to state-of-the-art authentication protocols, and that they conform to SUAVs security and performance requirements.
Galois automorphisms on Harish-Chandra series and Navarro’s self-normalizing Sylow $2$-subgroup conjecture

G. Navarro has conjectured a necessary and sufficient condition for a finite group $G$ to have a self-normalizing Sylow 2-subgroup, which is given in terms of the ordinary irreducible characters of $G$. In a previous article, the author has reduced the proof of this conjecture to showing that certain related statements hold for simple groups. In this article, we describe the action of Galois automorphisms on the Howlett-Lehrer parametrization of Harish-Chandra induced characters. We use this to complete the proof of the conjecture by showing that the remaining simple groups satisfy the required conditions.
The Lefschetz question for ideals generated by powers of linear forms in few variables

The Lefschetz question asks if multiplication by a power of a general linear form, $L$, on a graded algebra has maximal rank (in every degree). We consider a quotient by an ideal that is generated by powers of linear forms. Then the Lefschetz question is, for example, related to the problem whether a set of fat points imposes the expected number of conditions on a linear system of hypersurfaces of fixed degree. Our starting point is a result that relates Lefschetz properties in different rings. It suggests to use induction on the number of variables, $n$. If $n = 3$, then it is known that multiplication by $L$ always has maximal rank. We show that the same is true for multiplication by $L^2$ if all linear forms are general. Furthermore, we give a complete description of when multiplication by $L^3$ has maximal rank (and its failure when it does not). As a consequence, for such ideals that contain a quadratic or cubic generator, we establish results on the so-called Strong Lefschetz Property for ideals in $n=3$ variables, and the Weak Lefschetz Property for ideals in $n=4$ variables.
The semi-infinite intersection cohomology sheaf-II: the Ran space version

This paper is a sequel to [Ga1]. We study the semi-infinite category on the Ran version of the affine Grassmannian, and study a particular object in it that we call the semi-infinite intersection cohomology sheaf. Unlike the situation of [Ga1], this version of the semi-infinite intersection IC sheaf is defined as the middle of extension of the constant (more precisely, dualizing) sheaf on the basic stratum, in a certain t-structure. We give several explicit description and characterizations of our semi-infinite intersection IC sheaf: we describe its ! - and *- stalks; we present it explicitly as a colimit; we relate it to the IC sheaf of Drinfeld's relative compactification; we describe it via the Drinfeld-Plucker formalism.
An analytic BPHZ theorem for regularity structures

We prove a general theorem on the stochastic convergence of appropriately renormalized models arising from nonlinear stochastic PDEs. The theory of regularity structures gives a fairly automated framework for studying these problems but previous works had to expend significant effort to obtain these stochastic estimates in an ad-hoc manner. In contrast, the main result of this article operates as a black box which automatically produces these estimates for nearly all of the equations that fit within the scope of the theory of regularity structures. Our approach leverages multi-scale analysis strongly reminiscent to that used in constructive field theory, but with several significant twists. These come in particular from the presence of "positive renormalizations" caused by the recentering procedure proper to the theory of regularity structure, from the difference in the action of the group of possible renormalization operations, as well as from the fact that we allow for non-Gaussian driving fields. One rather surprising fact is that although the "canonical lift" is of course typically not continuous on any Holder-type space containing the noise (which is why renormalization is required in the first place), we show that the "BPHZ lift" where the renormalization constants are computed using the formula given in arXiv:1610.08468, is continuous in law when restricted to a class of stationary random fields with sufficiently many moments.
A Review: The Safety Risk Perception of the Workplace

Security is still an important issue in the workplace, and many scholars' security models contain variables such as security risk and security risk perception. Different levels of awareness and perception of security risks will lead to different safety behaviors of employees. This paper combs the research of global scholars on employees' safety risk perception over the past half century, mainly summarizes the concept, antecedent variables and outcome variables of safety risk perception. Based on JD-R (work resource demand) theory and risk aversion theory, it straightens out the logical relationship between safety risk perception and safety behavior, and builds a basic platform for future research.
Model of the high‐latitude ionospheric convection pattern during southward interplanetary magnetic field using DE 2 data

Data from the polar-orbiting satellite DE 2 are used to calculate one-dimensional electrostatic potential distributions across the polar cap region. Using passes that lie within {plus minus} 3 hours MLT of the dawn-dusk line, various parameters of the polar potential distribution (location and magnitude of the maxima and minima, location of the zero potential point, etc.) are analyzed in relation to each other and to the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The resulting dependences are used to derive a two-dimensional model of the distribution of the electrostatic potential in the high-latitude ionosphere during times of southward IMF. This model can be generated using as inputs either the ionospheric potential parameters or, based on the relationships analyzed here, the IMF conditions. The capabilities of the resulting mathematical model are illustrated, and the importance of retaining a flexibility in the model to accommodate individual observations is emphasized.
Shrinking Scale Equidistribution for Monochromatic Random Waves on Compact Manifolds

We prove equidistribution at shrinking scales for the monochromatic ensemble on a compact Riemannian manifold of any dimension. This ensemble on an arbitrary manifold takes a slowly growing spectral window in order to synthesize a random function. With high probability, equidistribution takes place close to the optimal wave scale and simultaneously over the whole manifold. The proof uses Weyl’s law to approximate the two-point correlation function of the ensemble, and a Chernoff bound to deduce concentration.
A structure theorem for sets of small popular doubling

In this paper we prove that every set $A\subset\mathbb{Z}$ satisfying the inequality $\sum_{x}\min(1_A*1_A(x),t)\le(2+\delta)t|A|$ for $t$ and $\delta$ in suitable ranges, then $A$ must be very close to an arithmetic progression. We use this result to improve the estimates of Green and Morris for the probability that a random subset $A\subset\mathbb{N}$ satisfies $|\mathbb{N}\setminus(A+A)|\ge k$; specifically we show that $\mathbb{P}(|\mathbb{N}\setminus(A+A)|\ge k)=\Theta(2^{-k/2})$.
Sea surface reverberation: A review

Measurements of reverberation from the sea surface and the accompanying development of theories to explain the experimental results are reviewed from a historical perspective. Because of the relative ease of measurement, significant amounts of sea surface reverberation data have been amassed that yield a clear picture of the dependence of measured reverberation levels on acoustic frequency, grazing angle, and wind speed. The evolution of theoretical treatments of rough surface scattering and scattering from the layer of wind‐generated microbubbles that exist below the surface is also reviewed, as are the empirical models that describe ocean surface roughness and subsurface bubble distributions. For acoustic frequencies of 3–60 kHz, the data are consistent with the view that the reverberation is due to rough surface scattering at moderate to high grazing angles, and at low grazing angles to scattering from resonant subsurface microbubbles. At frequencies below 1 kHz, measured reverberation levels at low gr.
Uniqueness in phaseless inverse scattering problems with known superposition of incident point sources

This paper is concerned with the uniqueness in inverse acoustic scattering problems with the modulus of the far-field patterns co-produced by the obstacle (resp. medium) and the point sources. Based on the superposition of point sources as the incident waves, we overcome the difficulty of translation invariance induced by a single incident plane wave, and rigorously prove that the location and shape of the obstacle as well as its boundary condition or the refractive index can be uniquely determined by the modulus of far-field patterns. This work is different from our previous work on phaseless inverse scattering problems (Zhang and Guo 2018 Inverse Problems 34 085002), in which the reference ball technique and the superposition of incident waves were used, and the phaseless far-field data generated only by the the scatterer were considered. In this paper, the phaseless far-field data co-produced by the scatterer and the point sources are used, thus the configuration is practically more feasible. Moreover, since the reference ball is not needed, the justification of uniqueness is much more clear and concise.
Partial Groupoid Actions: Globalization, Morita Theory, and Galois Theory

In this article, we introduce the notion of a partial action of a groupoid on a ring as well as we give a criteria for the existence of a globalization of it. We construct a Morita context associated to a globalizable partial groupoid action, and we introduce the notion of a partial Galois extension, which is related to the strictness of this context.
Local Smoothing Estimates for Schrödinger Equations on Hyperbolic Space

We establish global-in-time frequency localized local smoothing estimates for Schrödinger equations on hyperbolic space H d \mathbb {H}^d , d ≥ 2 d \geq 2 . In the presence of symmetric first and zeroth order potentials, which are possibly time-dependent, possibly large, and have sufficiently fast polynomial decay, these estimates are proved up to a localized lower order error. Then in the time-independent case, we show that a spectral condition (namely, absence of threshold resonances) implies the full local smoothing estimates (without any error), after projecting to the continuous spectrum. In the process, as a means to localize in frequency, we develop a general Littlewood–Paley machinery on H d \mathbb {H}^d based on the heat flow. Our results and techniques are motivated by applications to the problem of stability of solitary waves to nonlinear Schrödinger-type equations on H d \mathbb {H}^{d} . Specifically, some of the estimates established in this paper play a crucial role in the authors’ proof of the nonlinear asymptotic stability of harmonic maps under the Schrödinger maps evolution on the hyperbolic plane; see Lawrie, Lührmann, Oh, and Shahshahani, 2023. As a testament of the robustness of approach, which is based on the positive commutator method and a heat flow based Littlewood-Paley theory, we also show that the main results are stable under small time-dependent perturbations, including polynomially decaying second order ones, and small lower order nonsymmetric perturbations.
The Effect of Social Media Marketing on Customer Relationship Management at Disney in USA

The main goal of this project is to critically assess how social media marketing has affected Disney's US customer relationship management. It critically assesses the benefits, constraints, and challenges of social media marketing. It analyses how customer relationship management is impacted by social media marketing. It presented suggestions that could help Disney use social media marketing effectively to strengthen its consumer ties. Research involving 100 Disney customers in the USA helped collect the primary data. According to the results of the survey, social media marketing can have a beneficial impact on customer relationship management if Disney uses it wisely to cultivate long-lasting relationships with customers, inform them about products and services, and comprehend how to best serve them.
Homotopy groups of the complements to singular hypersurfaces,II

The homotopy group π n − k ( C n +1 − V ) where V is a hypersurface with a singular locus of dimension k and good behavior at inﬁnity is described using generic pencils. This is analogous to the van Kampen procedure for ﬁnding a fundamental group of a plane curve. In addition we use a certain representation generalizing the Burau representation of the braid group. A divisibility theorem is proven that shows the dependence of this homotopy group on the local type of singularities and behavior at inﬁnity. Examples are given showing that this group depends on certain global data in addition to local data on singularities.