Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF DIETARY CULTURE MATERIAL CONTAINING AFLATOXIN AND T-2 TOXIN ON CERTAIN SERUM BIOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS IN TURKEY POULTS (Meliagridesgallopavo) - BELTSVILLE SMALL WHITE VARIETY

Experimental mycotoxicoses were induced singly and in combination in 48 turkey poults (Beltsville small white) for a period of 0 to 13 weeks by feeding diets containing 100 ppb AF and 1 ppm T-2 toxin. Sera samples were collected from each group at the end of 49 th and 91 st day of trial to study the effect of certain serum biochemical parameters. The toxin fed birds revealed significant (P<0.05) reduction for serum total protein, albumin and globulin, serum glucose while no significant (P<0.05) differences were observed in the A/G ratio between the control and mycotoxin treated groups. The serum AST, ALT, ALP and serum lipase levels revealed significant (P<0.05) increase in the toxin treated groups when compared to the control. There was a significant (P<0.05) increase in the uric acid level, decrease in the serum creatinine and no significant differences in BUN between the control and mycotoxin treated groups. The calcium and phosphorus levels revealed significant (P<0.05) decrease between the control and mycotoxin treated groups while, calcium/phosphorus ratio showed no significant difference between the control and toxin treated groups.
Control of glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) with premix of iodosulfuron/thiencarbazone applied alone or in tank mixtures in no-till corn (Zea mays L.)

Abstract: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of a new premix of iodosulfuron (6%)/thiencarbazone (45%) applied alone or tank-mixed with 2,4-D, dicamba, glyphosate, or metribuzin in the fall and (or) early spring followed by preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) herbicide applications for control of glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed and their effect on corn yield. Field experiments were conducted in no-till corn fields infested with glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed (20–30 plants m-2) near Clay Center and McCool Junction, NE, in 2013 and 2014, respectively. A premix of iodosulfuron/thiencarbazone applied alone or in split applications in the fall and early spring controlled glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed <60% and resulted in a density of 14 giant ragweed plants m-2, which was comparable to the untreated control at 28 d after early spring treatment (DAEST). Metribuzin or 2,4-D applied alone resulted in <75% giant ragweed control at 28 DAEST; however, 2,4-D or dicamba tank-mixed with iodosulfuron/thiencarbazone provided ≥92% control. Treatments including 2,4-D or dicamba led to 85%–98% reduction in giant ragweed biomass at 28 DAEST. A follow-up application of a premix of isoxaflutole/thiencarbazone tank-mixed with atrazine applied PRE was not effective, although a POST application of tembotrione + atrazine resulted in >91% control at 28 d after postemergence treatment. The premix applied alone did not provide effective control of giant ragweed in corn primarily because lack of residual activity.
Combining Ability Studies in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

1Dept. of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry Bharsar, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand (246 123), India 2ICAR-IARI Regional Station, Katrain, Kullu Valley, Himachal Pradesh (175 129), India 3Dept. of Basic Sciences and Humanities, College of Horticulture, V.C. S.G. Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, Bharsar, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand (246 123), India
Multi-Omic and multi-scale data integration for the characterization of malaria infection in non-human primates

Plasmodium parasites were identified as the cause of malaria more than 200 years ago. However, malaria remains a public health burden responsible for approximately 400,000 (236,000 ∼ 635,000) death in 2015. Severe malaria is responsible for the majority of malaria mortality, yet the understanding of mechanisms of host responses underlying severe malaria pathology remains incomplete. The objective of this project is to identify and characterize host transcriptomic, cellular and cytokine responses that are associated with malaria severity. To quantify the removal of healthy red blood cells (hRBCs) by the host, we created a novel mathematical model that could capture the various outcomes of malaria infection. This model was fitted to the Malaria Host-Pathogen Interaction Center (MaHPIC) time series data set of five Macaca mulatta infected with Plasmodium cynomolgi. Using the fitted model, our group discovered association of the loss of healthy red blood cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines and CD-8 T cell population. Furthermore, our group also created novel statistical tools for the identification of differential networks. Through the application of both traditional bioinformatics analysis tools and differential network analysis, our group characterized severe malaria infection with differential transcriptional up-regulation of genes linked with response to the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Through a combined approach of mathematical modeling, differential network analysis and traditional bioinformatics analysis, we were able to identify host transcriptomic, cellular and cytokine responses that are associated with both malaria severity and host removal of healthy red blood cells. This project provides novel insight into the molecular and cellular basis for the development of severe malaria. Index words: Malaria, Plasmodium cynomolgi, Bioinformatics, Partial Differential Equation Model, Differential Network Analysis Multi-omic and Multi-scale Data Integration for the Characterization of Malaria Infection in Non-Human Primates
An integrative analytical study of the functional and antioxidant properties of selected varieties of pink guava Psidium guajava L.

(Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a tropical fruit widely consumed around the world. The study was carried out on four selected guava varieties grown in Martinique. Two fruit harvests were gathered at two-year intervals, at the green/yellow color change maturity stage. First, we established the homogeneity of all fruit batches by bootstrapping, ANOVA, box plot and multiple comparison statistical analysis on physical parameters. Red Supreme Ruby clearly differs from the other three varieties, whereas the results for Centeno Prolific are between Beausejour and Enana Cuba. We determined on puree obtained from a homogeneous batch of each variety the physicochemical and functional properties as well as the antioxidant properties. Our results show that the combination of lycopene and vitamin C, and their synergistic mechanisms in the fruit extracts may be responsible for the high antioxidant activity of guava puree, and we demonstrate a statistically significant positive correlation between EC50 and lycopene.
Self-Incompatibility:A Pollination Control Mechanism in Plants

Mode of pollination is very important in plant breeding because it determines the genetic constitution, nature of gene action, ease in pollination control and stability of varieties after release. There are several mechanisms that promote cross pollination, among these self-incompatibility (SI) is of special significance as it is used in hybrid seed production. SI is defined as the prevention of fusion of fertile (functional) male and female gametes of the same plant (Gowers, 1989). SI is a system where self-recognition and rejection is the rule that prevents inbreeding depression. Bateman (1952) classified self-incompatibility based on the interaction between pollen grains and pistil as complementary and oppositional system. Lewis (1954) has classified SI into homomorphic and heteromorphic systems. Homomorphic SI is again subdivided into gametophytic (determined by the genotype of gametes) and sporophytic (determined by the genotype of the plant) systems. Molecular studies after 1980’s revealed that at least two genes within S-locus control the SI, among these one unit function as male and the other as female determinant. In Brassicaceae family, the determinant gene encodes a pollen ligand and its stigmatic receptor kinase and their interaction induces incompatible signaling within the stigma papilla cells. In the Solanaceae, Rosaceae, and Scrophulariaceae, the female determinant is ribonuclease and F-box protein, suggesting the involvement of RNA degradation and protein degradation within the system. In the Papaveraceae, the female determinant induces Ca 2+ dependent signaling network that ultimately results in the death of incompatible pollen (Takayama and Isogai, 2005). Genes controlling the SI is multiallelic in nature and number of alleles varies depending upon the crop. Number of alleles reported are five in Theobroma cacao (Knight and Rogers, 1953), 30 in Brassica campestris (Singh, 2012), 32 alleles in Raphanussativus (Karron et al ., 1989). SI is commercially exploited for the production hybrid seeds. Pusa Hybrid-2, Snow Queen and Snow King hybrids of cauliflower, BRH-5, H-44 of cabbage and CCRP8 to CCRP15 (Minimol et al ., 2015a) of cocoa are some of the examples. Kucera et al . (2006) has compared the quality between SI and male sterility hybrids in cauliflower and it was found that SI hybrids are superior in their performance. Minimol et al . (2015b) emphasized the importance of polyclonal garden in cocoa for production of F 1 hybrid seeds by utilizing the self-incompatibility. Rego and Rego (2013) evaluated the efficiency of three methods of overcoming self-incompatibility in passion fruit and found fruit set of 16.67 and 10 per cent in bud and double pollination, respectively. The main limitations in exploiting SI is the maintenance of inbreds, however, it can be overcome by some temporary methods such as bud pollination, salt sprays and irradiation methods.
Effects of Microclimatic Thresholds on the Activity-Abundance and Distribution Patterns of Alpine Carabidae Species

The goal of our study was to close gaps in knowledge regarding Carabidae distribution and activity in response to microclimate. We aimed to characterise the spatiotemporal distribution of Carabidae species along multiple gradients, and explain the activity-abundance of assemblages and their indicator species using microclimatic measurements to identify key determinants of Carabidae activity-abundance and distribution. We sampled 32 alpine sites using pitfall traps and data loggers, and identified species assemblages linked to distinct habitat types that follow the snow-cover patterns and dynamics. Moreover, we linked the activity-abundance and distribution of assemblages and characteristic species to different temperature thresholds using mixed models and spatial cross-validation to assess variable importance. Our results demonstrate that alpine Carabidae species show markedly different responses to thermal thresholds, which reflect the patterns of snow cover. The importance of snow cover for species distributions should thus be considered a hypothesis for future studies.
Germination improves sensory, phenolic, protein content and anti-inflammatory properties of red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) sprouts milk

Winarsi, H. , Septiana, A.T. and Wulandari, S.P. Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, 53123, Central Java, Indonesia Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, 53123, Central Java, Indonesia Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, 53123, Central Java, Indonesia
Impact of foliar nickel application on urease activity, antioxidant metabolism and control of powdery mildew (Microsphaera diffusa) in soybean plants

J. P. Q. Barcelos, H. P. G. Reis, C. V. Godoy, P. L. Grat~ ao, E. Furlani Junior, F. F. Putti, M. Campos and A. R. Reis* S~ ao Paulo State University – UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP, 15385-000; Embrapa Soybean, Rodovia Carlos Jo~ ao Strass – Distrito de Warta, Londrina, 86001-970, PR; S~ ao Paulo State University – UNESP, Jaboticabal, 79560-000, SP; and S~ ao Paulo State University – UNESP, Tup~ a, 17602-496, SP, Brazil
Sex differences in exploratory behaviour of the common toad, Bufo bufo

The origin of sex differences in spatial behaviour is widely discussed in the laboratory studies in higher vertebrates, but almost nobody has investigated the problem in the first tetrapods, in amphibians. We tested exploratory behaviour, the crucial element of spatial behaviour, in 12 males and 7 females of the common toad, Bufo bufo, in a rectangular maze with four rooms and visual objects inside. One of the four rooms contained the useful resources (water, food, shelter). In the first 4 hr-trial toads explored the maze with the resources. In the second 4 hr-trial, 15 min later, the same environment contained no resources, and we evaluated the changes in the extent of movements and spatial preferences as the result of exploratory learning. In the first trial females moved widely among the rooms, while males more often visited the room with the resources. However, both sexes spent most of the time in the room with the resources. When the resources disappeared, males increased locomotory activity and the frequency of visits to the rooms. The activity of females remained almost unchanged. Toads were not motivated to search resources directly, as the latency to enter the resource room remained the same in both trials. Instead of this, toads monitored the potential location of the useful resources during the test, but the exploratory strategies of sexes were different. Males travelled mainly in the resource room. Females spent more time and more often visited two rooms: the resource and the opposite one. Thus, males demonstrated more intensive and more goal-oriented exploratory behaviour than females. It is the first evidence of sex differences in exploratory behaviour of amphibians obtained under controlled laboratory conditions.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the cryptic species in peanut worm Sipunculus nudus (Sipuncula, Sipunculidae) from Beibu Bay

Abstract The peanut worm Sipunculus nudus is an economic important species in the fishery and aquaculture in Indo-West Pacific. However, it is a species complex consisting of cryptic species, which can be difficult to identify based on morphology. Here, we report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of S. nudus from Beibu Bay. The mitogenome has 15,375 base pairs and made up of total of 38 genes (13 protein-coding, 23 transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs), and a putative control region. There were 5948 mutations sites between Chinese and French populations. This study adds a distinct mitogenome of S. nudus, and will provide useful genetic information for future genetic variation identification and genetic diversity evaluation of this economic valuable marine benthic invertebrate.
Direct and indirect effects of morphophysiological traits on kernel protein content of confectionary sunflower

The most important criterion for introducing new confectionary sunflower hybrids into production is high protein yield. In the breeding process it is important to identify traits which could be used as selection criteria for increased kernel protein content. Increase of kernel protein content results in increased protein yield. This research was conducted during three vegetation seasons on 22 NS high-protein two-line confectionary sunflower hybrids produced within the breeding program at IFVCNS, Novi Sad, Serbia. Strong and very strong correlations were found among the largest number of examined traits. Based on the analysis of simple correlation coefficients, strong negative correlation was determined between kernel protein content and kernel ratio (-0.516 * ). A weak negative interdependence was determined between head diameter, seed protein content, and kernel protein content. Positive but weak correlation was determined between kernel protein content and thickness of seed, length of seed, width of seed, and 1000 seed weight. Path coefficient analysis for kernel protein content at phenotypic level showed that the thickness of seed had a strong positive direct effect on kernel protein content (DE=382 * ). Kernel ratio and width of seed had a very strong direct negative effect on kernel protein content (DE=-0.990 ** ; DE=0.600 ** ). A weak direct positive effect of head diameter, seed protein content and length of seed was established, whereas 1000 seed weight had a weak direct negative effect on kernel protein content. Path coefficient analysis indicates showed that the thickness of seed has high great influence on kernel protein content, and an important selection criterion for breeding for high protein yield.
S5A:5 Galectin-9 is produced by dendritic cells and serum levels outperform cxcl10 as a biomarker to detect the ifn signature in sle and aps

Objective The most prominent alteration in the immune system of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is the increased expression of type I interferon (IFN) inducible genes, known as the IFN signature. This signature is related to disease activity, vascular disease and predicts future flares and the response to anifrolumab. There is an urgent need for easily measurable biomarkers to detect an IFN signature. Galectin-9 may steer T-cell responses and is a potential biomarker for autoimmune diseases. In the present study we investigated the performance of galectin-9 as a biomarker to detect the IFN signature in SLE and APS and its production by dendritic cell (DC) subsets. Methods Serum levels of galectin-9 and CXCL10 were measured by Luminex in an identification cohort (n=43) and replication cohort (n=148) of patients with SLE, SLE +APS and primary APS (PAPS) and healthy controls (HC). Isolated monocytes were used to quantify IFN scores by measuring the expression of 4 type I IFN inducible genes. The performance of potential biomarkers for the IFN signature were assessed by Receiver Operating Characteristics curves. RNA sequencing on plasmacytoid and myeloid DC isolated from patients with SLE, SLE +APS and PAPS (n=54) were analysed to identify potential sources of galectin-9 in SLE and APS. Results In both identification and replication cohort, serum levels of galectin-9 and CXCL10 were elevated in SLE, SLE +APS and PAPS patients as compared with HC (all p<0.05) and both galectin-9 and CXCL10 correlated with the IFN signature (r=0.66, p<0.001 and r=0.46, p<0.001 respectively). ROC-curve analysis revealed a better performance of galectin-9 (AUC 0.86) than CXCL10 (AUC 0.78) or traditional serological biomarkers for SLE (AUC <0.75) to detect an IFN signature. The expression of galectin-9 was increased in both pDC and mDC in SLE and APS, in particular in IFN-high patients. In vitro, IFNα upregulated galectin-9 expression in pDC and mDC. Conclusion Galectin-9 is produced by dendritic cells in SLE and APS upon activation by IFNα and serves as an easily measurable biomarker that outclasses CXCL10 or traditional measures of disease activity to detect an IFN signature in patients with SLE and APS.Abstract S5A:5 Figure 1
Effect of forest management on temperate ant communities

Human management of ecosystems can have direct or indirect effects on species communities. How species communities are affected by management is a key question in ecology and nature conservation. As keystone taxon, changes in ant communities can have sustained consequences for entire ecosystems. In forests, management has been shown to have an overall negative effect on ant communities in tropical and a positive effect in boreal forests. However, in temperate forests, it is unclear what components of forest management affect ant communities and how. This study explores the direct and indirect effects of forest management on the taxonomic and functional diversity of ant communities in 150 temperate forest stands in three regions in Germany. Using a multi‐model inference approach and structural equation models, we analyzed the effects of 18 variables, including variables of forest management, forest structure, arthropod diversity, and biomass, as well as abiotic factors, on ant species richness, abundance, and functional trait diversity (Rao's Q) based on morphological (FDM) and life‐history traits (FDLH). In total, we found 28 ant species occurring on 120 plots. Main direct effects of forest management on ant abundance and species richness were caused by tree species selection, measured as dominant tree species. The main positive indirect effect was mediated by a reduced canopy cover with an increasing proportion of oak and pine, resulting in a higher temperature amplitude. Due to the low number of species in two regions, we analyzed functional diversity for the most ant species diverse region only. FDLH was affected positively by tree harvesting and negatively by structural complexity. FDM showed no response to forest management, potentially due to the low morphological diversity of temperate forest ants. Our results show that forest management practices in temperate forests strongly impact ant community structure. This can be beneficial for ants if management reduces the canopy cover, either by tree harvesting or by changing the tree species composition toward shade‐intolerant tree species. To promote ant diversity as key taxon for maintaining ecosystem processes in forest ecosystems, we suggest to integrate forest stands with more open and warmer conditions in future management strategies.