Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Advances in Improving Bone Health Based on Specific Gut Microbiota

The gut microbiota has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Recent studies suggest that the gut microbiota is also closely associated with bone metabolism. However, given the high diversity of the gut microbiota, the effects of different taxa and compositions on bone are poorly understood. Previous studies demonstrated that the mechanisms underlying the effects of the gut microbiota on bone mainly include its modulation of nutrient absorption, intestinal permeability, metabolites (such as short-chain amino acids), immune responses, and hormones or neurotransmitters (such as 5-hydroxytryptamine). Several studies found that external interventions, such as dietary changes, improved bone health and altered the composition of the gut microbiota. This review summarises the beneficial gut bacteria and explores how dietary, natural, and physical factors alter the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota to improve bone health, thereby providing potential new insight into the prevention of osteoporosis.
Taurine and Astrocytes: A Homeostatic and Neuroprotective Relationship

Taurine is considered the most abundant free amino acid in the brain. Even though there are endogenous mechanisms for taurine production in neural cells, an exogenous supply of taurine is required to meet physiological needs. Taurine is required for optimal postnatal brain development; however, its brain concentration decreases with age. Synthesis of taurine in the central nervous system (CNS) occurs predominantly in astrocytes. A metabolic coupling between astrocytes and neurons has been reported, in which astrocytes provide neurons with hypotaurine as a substrate for taurine production. Taurine has antioxidative, osmoregulatory, and anti-inflammatory functions, among other cytoprotective properties. Astrocytes release taurine as a gliotransmitter, promoting both extracellular and intracellular effects in neurons. The extracellular effects include binding to neuronal GABAA and glycine receptors, with subsequent cellular hyperpolarization, and attenuation of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-mediated glutamate excitotoxicity. Taurine intracellular effects are directed toward calcium homeostatic pathway, reducing calcium overload and thus preventing excitotoxicity, mitochondrial stress, and apoptosis. However, several physiological aspects of taurine remain unclear, such as the existence or not of a specific taurine receptor. Therefore, further research is needed not only in astrocytes and neurons, but also in other glial cells in order to fully comprehend taurine metabolism and function in the brain. Nonetheless, astrocyte’s role in taurine-induced neuroprotective functions should be considered as a promising therapeutic target of several neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases in the near future. This review provides an overview of the significant relationship between taurine and astrocytes, as well as its homeostatic and neuroprotective role in the nervous system.
Colostrum Management: Keys to Optimizing Output and Uptake of Immunoglobulin G

Colostrum is essential for the health and wellbeing of dairy cattle. This review provides insight into different means of augmenting or enhancing colostrum quality including colostrum feeding, dry cow management, prepartum cow diets, freezing, pasteurization, colostrum additives, and colostrum replacers. Other components in colostrum such as maternal cells and their importance are discussed. New research is needed regarding the components in colostrum (bioactive peptides and growth factors) and their effects on the neonate. Colostrum replacers and a prediction equation to estimate colostrum quality are reviewed.
Resting Heart Rate Variability, Perceived Emotion Regulation, and Low-Risk Drug Use in College-Aged Adults: Gender as a Moderator

Identification of individual differences in drug use is warranted, as a history of use is associated with future drug problems. Such drug use is thought to disrupt inhibitory and motivation networks involved in emotion regulation (ER). Higher resting heart rate variability (HRV), a biomarker of effective inhibitory abilities, is associated with less substance (e.g., alcohol, opioid) use. Higher HRV is associated with lower perceived ER difficulties, and this link is stronger in women relative to men. Evidence suggests women might engage in drug use primarily to reduce stress, and men primarily to induce feelings of elation. Research has yet to examine associations among individuals’ difficulties in ER, resting HRV, and a recent history of drug use; the current study explored this, in addition to how these associations might differ as a function of gender. Young and healthy college students (N = 190; 88 women) completed a 5-min baseline to assess resting HRV, followed by the 36-item difficulties in ER Scale and 10-item Drug Abuse Screening Test. Higher difficulties in ER, but not resting HRV, were associated with a greater history of “low-risk” drug use in the full sample and moderation tests confirm this link was stronger in women. Moderated-mediation results confirmed an indirect association between resting HRV and drug use, mediated by self-reported difficulties among women only. A significant association between resting HRV and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) emerged only among women without a history of drug use. These results indicate that difficulties in ER are both associated with a low-risk history of drug use and underlie an indirect link between resting HRV and drug use history in women only. Among these women with a history of drug use relative to women without, there was no link between resting HRV and self-reported difficulties in ER, suggesting a disrupted inhibitory-motivational pathway. Additional work is needed to understand the psychophysiological correlates of a history of low-risk drug use in young men. These data are in line with research suggesting gender differences in the motivation to engage in recreational drug use and ER interventions might be important in women who engage in low-risk recreational drug use.
Table 1. Interval in Days of Occurrence of Symptoms (Jaundice) between First and Subsequent Cases of Hepatitis E Virus Infection

in families with 3 cases. Overall, these subsequent cases occurred a mean of 5.5– 8 weeks after the first (index) case in households; this, too, is most consistent with person-to-person transmission. Although we cannot exclude the possibility that a proportion of case patients may have acquired infection from an unidentified common source, we think the weight of evidence clearly supports that substantial HEV transmission occurred person-to-person in this large epidemic.
Auxin-Responsive Genes AIR12 Code for a New Family of Plasma Membrane b-Type Cytochromes Speciﬁc to Flowering Plants

We report here on the identiﬁcation of the major plasma membrane (PM) ascorbate-reducible b-type cytochrome of bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) and soybean ( Glycine max ) hypocotyls as orthologs of Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) AIR12 (for auxin induced in root cultures). Soybean AIR12, which is glycosylated and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored to the external side of the PM in vivo, was expressed in Pichia pastoris in a recombinant form, lacking the glycosylphosphatidylinositol modiﬁcation signal and puriﬁed from the culture medium. Recombinant AIR12 is a soluble protein predicted to fold into a b -sandwich domain and belonging to the DOMON (for dopamine b -monooxygenase N terminus) domain superfamily. It is shown to be a b-type cytochrome with a symmetrical a -band at 561 nm, fully reduced by ascorbate, and fully oxidized by monodehydroascorbate radical. AIR12 is a high-potential cytochrome b showing a wide bimodal dependence from the redox potential between +80 mV and +300 mV. Optical absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis indicate that AIR12 binds a single, highly axial low-spin heme, likely coordinated by methionine-91 and histidine-76, which are strongly conserved in AIR12 sequences. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that the auxin-responsive genes AIR12 represent a new family of PM b-type cytochromes speciﬁc to ﬂowering plants. Circumstantial evidence suggests that AIR12 may interact with other redox partners within the PM to constitute a redox link between cytoplasm and apoplast.
to reduce intake and sensitivity

23 In our food-rich environment we must constantly resist appealing food in order to maintain a 24 healthy lifestyle. Previous studies have found that food-specific inhibition training can 25 produce changes in eating behaviour, such as a reduction in snack consumption. However, the 26 mechanisms that drive the effect of inhibition training on eating behaviour remain unknown. 27 Identifying the mechanism underlying food-specific inhibition training could lead to more 28 targeted training interventions increasing the potential efficacy of such interventions. In the 29 current study, we investigated directly whether training-induced effects on inhibitory control 30 might underlie the predicted change in eating behaviour. Healthy individuals who scored high 31 on uncontrolled eating were randomly assigned to receive six online training sessions over six 32 consecutive days of either food-specific response inhibition training (active group; n = 21) or 33 response inhibition training without food stimuli (control group; n = 20). We measured pre- 34 and post-training inhibitory control in the context of food and food cue sensitivity, as well as 35 food consumption in a bogus taste test. As expected, food-specific inhibition training 36 decreased snack consumption in the bogus taste test relative to control training. However, the 37 active training did not improve inhibitory control towards food, nor did it reduce food cue 38 sensitivity above and beyond the control training. Future studies are needed to investigate the 39 potential underlying mechanism of food-specific inhibition training, as it remains unclear 40 what drives the reliable effect on eating behaviour. 41
Dynorphin A 1–13 Stimulates Ovine Fetal Pituitary-Adrenal Function through a Novel Nonopioid Mechanism 1

We previously reported that U50488H, a (cid:107) -selective opioid agonist, stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) in the ovine fetus via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin and corticotropin releasing factor. In this study we examined the effects of the endogenous (cid:107) -preferring opioid peptide, dynorphin A 1–13 , on fetal ACTH release using the unanesthetized, chronically catheterized fetal lamb model. Fetal plasma samples were collected at timed intervals after fetal administration of dynorphin A 1–13 (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.) and subse- quently analyzed by radioimmunoassay for immunoreactive-ACTH and immunoreactive-cortisol. Dynorphin A 1–13 produced a highly significant and rapid increase in immunoreactive-ACTH (P (cid:53) . 002) and immunoreactive-cortisol (P (cid:53) . 002) with peak levels of 383.3 (cid:54) 43.8 pg/ml and 32.8 (cid:54) 9.0 ng/ml, respectively, at 15 min after administration. A similar increase in plasma immunoreactive-ACTH was seen after the same dose of dynorphin A 1–17 (P (cid:53) . 02) but not dynorphin A 2–17 . This ACTH re- sponse to dynorphin A 1–13 was shown to be insensitive to the opioid antagonist, naloxone (12 mg/hr), as well as antagonists of corticotropin releasing factor and arginine vasopressin. These data suggest that dynorphin A 1–13 in the ovine fetus may be acting through a mechanism distinct from the (cid:107) -opioid system and that the dynorphins may serve as secretagogues of ACTH directly at the anterior pituitary through nonopioid receptors. analyze the influence of antagonists on the dynorphin A 1–13 response. To compare plasma levels of ir-ACTH after dynorphin A 1–13 with different antagonists 15 min after drug administration, a single-factor ANOVA (factor (cid:53) drug) followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test was used.
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This paper provides new evidence on the appropriateness of the Fama-French (2015) five-factor model to evaluate international equity funds’ performance. After extending this model to a conditional framework by allowing for time-varying risk and performance, the results show that funds underperformed during the 2000-2017 period. Funds investing globally and in Europe tend to invest in aggressive firms, but only the latter are exposed to firms with weak profitability. We thus conclude that although both investment and profitability factors are significant in explaining fund returns, the investment factor plays a more relevant role irrespective of the funds’ geographical area of investment.
A Comparative Study of Pretrained Convolutional Neural Network Model to Identify Plant Diseases on Android Mobile Device

Optimization of mobile devices to be used as early identification tools of plant diseases using an application based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), with a high degree of accuracy and low power consumption is the focus of this study. The study was conducted using a dataset consisting of 38 different classes of PlantVillage dataset, which were then expanded using 2 classes of coffee plants and 4 classes of rice plants. The models that are going to be tested and compared consists of MobileNet V2, NasNet Mobile, DenseNet 121 layer, and InceptionV3. In the experiments, it was found that there was a decrease in accuracy when the application was run on a mobile device when compared to when it was run on a PC. Experiments also show that InceptionV3 is the most stable model and reaches the highest level of accuracy, which is 98.45% on mobile devices. However, InceptionV3 consumes a lot of resources when used on mobile devices. Meanwhile, MobileNet V2, NasNet Mobile, dan DenseNet 121, do not consume a lot of resources when tested on mobile devices. In terms of accuracy, NasNet Mobile reached 97.31%, then MobileNet V2 reached 96.55%, and DenseNet 121 reached 96.21%. Based on the research criteria, it can be concluded that the CNN model that is most suitable to be used on mobile devices is NasNet Mobile. Because it has a high degree of accuracy with low resource consumption.
Pressure-induced photoluminescence in Mn2+-doped BaF2 and SrF2 fluorites

This work reports an effective way for inducing room temperature photoluminescence (PL) in Mn 2 + -doped BaF 2 and SrF 2 using high-pressure techniques. The aim is to understand the surprising PL behavior exhibited by Mn 2 + at the cubal site of the fluorite structure. While Mn 2 + -doped CaF 2 shows a green PL with quantum yield close to 1 at room temperature, Mn 2 + -doped MF 2 (M=Ba,Sr) is not PL either at room temperature (SrF 2 ) or at any temperature (BaF 2 ) at ambient pressure. We associate the loss of Mn 2 + PL on passing from CaF 2 to SrF 2 or BaF 2 with nonradiative multiphonon relaxation whose thermal activation energy decreases along the series CaF 2 → SrF 2 → BaF 2 . A salient feature of this work deals with the increase of activation energy induced by pressure. It leads to a quantum yield enhancement, which favors PL recovery. Furthermore, the activation energy mainly depends on the crystal volume per molecule irrespective of the crystal structure or the local symmetry around the impurity. In this way, the relevance of the fluorite-to-cotunnite phase transition is analyzed in connection with the PL properties of the investigated compounds. The PL spectrum and the corresponding lifetime are reported for both structural phases as a function of pressure.
Surgical treatment of patients with Chiari I malformation in different age categories

Background: Our intention was to compare surgical treatment of patients with Chiari I malformation in our hospital to treatment in other hospitals in the world and determine the outcome and usability of different surgical techniques. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 10 patients who were operated for CM-I at the University Clinical Centre Maribor, Division of Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, between January 2010 and May 2016. The patients’ information was gathered and a descriptive statistic was made. We reviewed English-language reports on the surgical treatment of CM-I in PubMed and Ovid, and compared our results with other series reported in literature. Results: Between January 2010 and May 2016 we operated on 10 patients, of whom 8 were wom en and 2 were men, aged between 11 and 57 years. The duration of symptoms before the oper ation was between 1 month and 29 years. Eight patients experienced headaches, 4 neck pain, 2 vertigo, and one had a feeling of pins and needles in his arms. The duration of the neurological signs before surgery was between 1 and 29 years. Two patients had spastic tetraparesis, two showed sensory deficits and one had tremor of the hands. Five patients had syringomyelia and 2 had scoliosis. All 10 patients underwent surgery. There were no deaths in this group of patients. Two patients had fluid collection in the subcutaneous tissue, one patient also had fever and hae-matoma, and two patients had discharge from the wound. Patients were followed for 6 months to 6 years and all showed improvement of clinical symptoms. Conclusion: We have come to the conclusion that our results are comparable with the results of similar studies reported in literature. However, in this respect, it should be pointed out that the number of patients included in our study was relatively small. Obviously, there is no specific en tity as to when to decide for a specific type of surgery. Also, outcomes of the same type of surgery vary greatly. Surgical treatment must be individualised for each patient.
Qualidade da assistência ao trabalho de parto pelo Sistema Único de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), 1999-2001

OBJETIVO: A qualidade da assistencia ao trabalho de parto tem sido reconhecida na prevencao de complicacoes obstetricas que podem levar a morbi-mortalidade materna, perinatal e neonatal. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a qualidade da assistencia ao trabalho de parto segundo o risco gestacional e tipo de prestador. METODOS: Estudo transversal de observacao da assistencia ao trabalho de parto de 574 mulheres, selecionadas por amostra estratificada em 20 maternidades do Sistema Unico de Saude do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), entre 1999 e 2001. A qualidade da assistencia foi analisada segundo o risco gestacional e o tipo de prestador. Utilizaram-se procedimentos estatisticos de analise de variância e de diferenca de proporcoes. RESULTADOS: Do total da amostra, 29,6% das gestantes foram classificadas como de risco. Apesar da hipertensao ser a causa mais importante de morte materna no Brasil, a pressao arterial nao foi aferida em 71,6% das gestantes durante a observacao no pre-parto. Em media foram feitas cinco afericoes por parturiente, sendo o menor numero nos hospitais conveniados privados (media de 2,9). Quanto a humanizacao da assistencia, observou-se que apenas 21,4% das parturientes tiveram a presenca de acompanhante no pre-parto, 75,7% foram submetidas a hidratacao venosa e 24,3% a amniotomia. O unico tipo de cuidado que variou segundo o risco obstetrico foi a frequencia da afericao da pressao arterial, em que as gestantes de risco foram monitoradas o dobro de vezes em relacao as demais (media de 0,36 x 0,18 afericoes/h respectivamente, p=0,006). CONCLUSOES: De modo geral, as gestantes de baixo risco sao submetidas a intervencoes desnecessarias e as de alto risco nao recebem cuidado adequado. Como consequencia, os resultados perinatais sao desfavoraveis e as taxas de cesariana e de mortalidade materna sao incompativeis com os investimentos e a tecnologia disponivel.
Smart Driving Behavior Analysis Based on Online Outlier Detection: Insights from a Controlled Case Study

— This paper presents an approach for online outlier detection over multiple data streams based on Complex Event Processing (CEP) to enable driving behavior classification. Driving is a daily task that allows people to move around faster and more comfortably. However, more than half of fatal crashes are related to recklessness behaviors. Reckless maneuvers can be detected with good accuracy by analyzing data relating to the driver-vehicle interaction, abrupt turnings, acceleration and deceleration, for instance. In this paper, we investigate if off-the-shelf smartphones can be used to an online detection of driving behavior. To do so, we have adapted the Z-Score algorithm, a classical outlier detection algorithm, to perform online outlier detection as a data stream processing model, which receives the smartphone and in-vehicle sensors data as input. The evaluation of the approach was carried out in a case study to assess the algorithm. Our results indicate that the algorithm’s performance is fairly good in a real world case study since the algorithm’s accuracy was 84% and the average processing time was 100 milliseconds.
Radiofrequency Ablation with Continued EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy Prolongs Disease Control in EGFR-Mutant Advanced Lung Cancers with Acquired Resistance to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Two Case Reports

Objective: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of malignant tumor-related death glob-ally. There is mounting evidence that a large proportion of patients harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and treated with EGFR TKI experience oligoprogressive disease. The optimal treatment strategy for these patients is undetermined. Thus, in this article, we report two cases of EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients with locally resistant lesions achieving disease control via combination therapy. Patients and Methods: We present two cases of lung adenocarcinoma patients that developed oligoprogressive disease during TKI treatment. For further treatment, the patient then received radiofrequency ablation. Results: Through follow-up observation, we found that the addition of radiofrequency ablation might provide the clinical bene ﬁ t of these two NSCLC patients. Conclusion: Our two cases provide a promising treatment for oligoprogressive disease during the ﬁ rst-line EGFR-TKI therapy.
Housing Design for All

Inclusion is important factor for life satisfaction and wellbeing at any age. Housing design and neighbourhood planning can enhance possibilities for social and physical activities of older persons who live in their own homes. Access to local services and walking friendly environment may promote integration and independent coping. This paper is introducing an ongoing doctoral thesis in the field of architecture focusing on the urban living environment from the viewpoint of older residents. The target of the study has been to gain further knowledge on age-friendly built environment applying Universal Design principles. The case study method was implemented in three scales, neighbourhood, immediate surroundings of apartment buildings, and shared spaces in housing. The case studies were carried out in Finland, in Helsinki area. Workshops and observational walking tours with residents as well as interviews and questionnaires targeted to persons aged 65 years old and over were used to assess the living environment and access to local services. Senior residents self-reported experiences revealed the challenges in the built environment. Access to local services, green areas and other spaces in shared use in the neighbourhood were reported to enhance general wellbeing and encourage cross-generational encounters. Intersectional collaboration for planning service infrastructure, transportation network, access to social activities is necessary when designing living environments that support independent and self-contained life at old age. Moreover, collaboration with relevant local stakeholders promote inclusion and age-friendly environment.