Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Canid elicitation of blood-squirting in a horned lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum)

In staged, predator-prey encounters between Texas horned lizards, Phrynosoma cornutum, and a canid, Canis familiaris, 47 of 55 lizards (85%) squirted blood from orbital sinuses. The probability of blood-squirting was not significantly affected by either (1) lizard body temperature (low, 85% vs high, 100%) or (2) time of day (diurnal, 70% vs nocturnal, 70%). A canid was more likely to elicit blood-squirting (100%) than a canid-mimicking human (20%). When the canid was restrained from direct contact, blood-squirting did not occur, but when lizards were simultaneously subjected to human tactile stimulation, 20% squirted blood. Lizards responded similarly to canid saliva and distilled water, implying that saliva does not provide cues used in the discrimination of canids. Overall, tactile cues appear to play a significant role in the elicitation of blood-squirting. Because roadrunners and grasshopper mice are known to not elicit blood-squirting in predator-prey encounters, these data support the canid antipredator defense hypothesis as an explanation of this unique behavior. Blood-squirting appears to be a context-dependent reptilian antipredator display in which elicitation of the squirting response is determined by predator type.
Microvolt T‐wave alternans testing should be used to guide arrhythmic therapy in heart failure patients: reply

Even if Drs Hohnloser and Cohen were correct that microvolt T-wave alternans (MTWA) testing predicts outcome, its overall utility would still be very limited as half of consecutive, ‘real-world’, heart failure (HF) patients are ineligible for, or cannot undertake, the test. Although Drs Hohnloser and Cohen cite two studies reporting lower rates of indeterminate results, these were not, as stated, conducted in ‘similar’ patients or, indeed, those typical of patients with HF more generally. In the MASTER study, all patients had ischaemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and their mean age was 65 years. In the ALPHA study, patients had exclusively non-ischaemic LVSD and their mean age was only 59 years. While we are aware of the recommendation to retest patients with an indeterminate result immediately, we would point out that this clearly raises questions regarding the reproducibility of the test (which has not been well demonstrated) and is an approach that has not been robustly validated. Moreover, as 75% of our indeterminate tests were due to an inability to reach target heart rate (because of limited exercise capacity or chronotropic incompetence secondary to beta-blockade), it is likely that repeat testing would have been futile and inappropriate. We did not employ pharmacological or pacing protocols in the 12% of patients who were ineligible for MTWA testing because of inability to exercise or due to continuous ventricular pacing as these protocols are not practical for widespread use, are likely to give quantitatively different MTWA results from those obtained using exercise to elevate heart rate, and are difficult to justify, ethically. Their use would have subjected patients to possible harm in order to conduct an investigation of unproven value. The fact that indeterminate results are associated with a higher risk than positive results strongly questions the scientific validity of the link between MTWA and arrhythmia. Indeed, the value of MTWA testing has yet to be shown in any prospective randomized trial.
Capital Flight and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A New Evidence from ARDL Approach

The issue of capital flight has been a recurrent topic of discussion among researchers especially in Africa. The cause, magnitude and consequences of this undesirable outflow of domestic capital have been a persistent concern among scholars. Nigeria among other African countries has been a victim of massive capital outflow to other developed nations. Thus, this study investigated the impact of capital flight on economic growth in Nigeria. In carrying out the analysis, data from CBN statistical bulletin was used for the period 1981 to 2017. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test approach was adopted for the study. The study showed that capital flight significantly decreases economic growth in both short run and long run. Other variables found to have significant effect on economic growth include money supply, credit to private sector and domestic investment. The study therefore recommended proactive policy measures that will curtail capital flight and make the economy competitive and attractive for domestic investment that enhances economic growth. Expansionary monetary policy should also be adopted to improve money supply whenever the policy environment is ripe for such.
EVALUATION OF MARKETING SYSTEM FOR POLE-AND-LINE

This research was conducted at the Larantuka, Flores, Indonesia in 2015. The location chosen as being representative fishing bases for pole-and-line tuna fisheries in Eastern Indonesia. Data collected related to their tuna pole-and-line, marketing system and data from companies. The market supply lines and selling data for the study were gathered from landing site managers; government fisheries offices; tuna processing companies at the three sites; a desk study; and a field survey. Information on the supply and marketing system was obtained by questionnaires to local tuna processing company staff, fishery office staff, landing site staff, fishers’ group leaders, captains, community leaders, scientists, and policy makers from local and national levels and their responses to the interviewer generated mainly qualitative data. The result showed that majority of the respondents from both the policy makers and public-sector workers (62.5%; n= 20) stated that they were aware of the overall tuna supply chain. The traceability process in the supply of tuna pole-andline products consists of several processes declared that they were aware of the tuna traceability process. In Larantuka, tuna supply lines from both the processing and frozen companies showed that the traceability system was applied in their marketing strategy for both export and national markets. The pole-and-line fishers have a limited choice between sending their fish directly to the local market or selling it to the tuna processing companies. The marketing system for small-scale pole-and-line tuna fisheries in Larantuka, Indonesia controlled by middlemen and processors, who provide financial and other operational help to fishers to enable them to continue fishing, in return for which fishers are required to deliver their fish at prices set by the middlemen and/or processors. GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 2, February 2019 ISSN 2320-9186 99 GSJ© 2019 www.globalscientificjournal. com
Effect of Some Environmental Variables on the Community Structure of Zooplankton in Tungan Kawo (Wushishi Dam), Niger State, North Central, Nigeria

Water samples and zooplankton were collected monthly for five months in three sites in Wushishi Dam, Niger State. The study was undertaken to look at effect of some environmental variables on zooplankton community in the dam. Dissolved oxygen (DO) was highest in site 1 with mean value of 2.60±0.248 mg/l. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in DO, BOD and pH recorded among the months and sites. Temperature and transparency showed significant difference (p<0.05). Four orders of zooplankton were recorded namely; Cladocera, Copepoda, Calanoida and Rotifera, consisting of 2467 individuals. The CCA showed poor relationship between some zooplankton species distribution and some measured environmental variables (DO, conductivity, temperature and pH). Some of the organisms like Eucyclops elegance, Leptodiaptomus minutus and Megacyclops viridis in June (site 2 and 3) were associated with pH while Cyclops scutiser was weakly associated with conductivity. Megacylops viridis was closely associated with BOD and more of M. viridis were sampled in site 2 and 3 which have a high BOD value. Abundance of Cyclops scutiser which has been attested to be of medical importance showed the significance of the dam. Detailed research is recommended to further prove this study, especially the use of zooplankton as bioindicators. Key Words: Water quality parameters, Megacylops viridis , Bioindicator, Cyclops Scutiser , Medical importance, Wushishi Dam, Niger State
The Effect of Instrumental Social Support and Self-Efficiency on Performance of Employees with Disabilities

This study aims to determine the effect of instrumental social support and self-efficacy on the performance of employees with disabilities. Respondents in this study were employees with disabilities who worked in Batam. The data used in this study are primary data in the form of data obtained through questionnaires and analyzed using Multiple Linear Regression. The results showed that instrumental social support partially had a positive effect on the performance of employees with disabilities and self-efficacy partially also positively affected the performance of employees with disabilities. The results of testing carried out on the data obtained indicate that instrumental social support provided to employees with disabilities can affect the performance of employees, besides that, the self-efficacy of employees with disabilities can also affect its performance.
Spatial patterns, trends, and the potential long-term impacts of tree harvesting on lake calcium levels in the Muskoka River Watershed, Ontario, Canada

The issue of calcium (Ca) decline in surface waters of eastern Canada is an emerging concern that may be made worse by timber harvesting. In the Muskoka River Watershed (MRW) in Ontario, the mean lake Ca concentration in 104 lakes decreased by 30% since the 1980s, with the rate of decrease slowing over time consistent with changes in lake sulfate (SO4) as the region recovers from acid deposition. Recent data suggested that smaller lakes, at higher elevation, in smaller catchments with higher runoff that are minimally impacted by the influence of roads and agriculture are associated with lower Ca concentrations and thus are the lakes most at risk of amplified Ca depletion. Using proposed annual allowable harvest cuts from 10-year forest management plans, 38% of 364 lakes assessed in the MRW will fall below a reported critical 1 mg·L–1 Ca threshold compared with just 8% in the absence of future harvesting. It is concluded that Ca decline poses a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems and should be taken into .
Profiling Entity Matching Benchmark Tasks

Entity matching is a central task in data integration which has been researched for decades. Over this time, a wide range of benchmark tasks for evaluating entity matching methods has been developed. This resource paper systematically complements, profiles, and compares 21 entity matching benchmark tasks. In order to better understand the specific challenges associated with different tasks, we define a set of profiling dimensions which capture central aspects of the matching tasks. Using these dimensions, we create groups of benchmark tasks having similar characteristics. Afterwards, we assess the difficulty of the tasks in each group by computing baseline evaluation results using standard feature engineering together with two common classification methods. In order to enable the exact reproducibility of evaluation results, matching tasks need to contain exactly defined sets of matching and non-matching record pairs, as well as a fixed development and test split. As this is not the case for some widely-used benchmark tasks, we complement these tasks with fixed sets of non-matching pairs, as well as fixed splits, and provide the resulting development and test sets for public download. By profiling and complementing the benchmark tasks, we support researchers to select challenging as well as diverse tasks and to compare matching systems on clearly defined grounds.
Visual Localization of Mobile Robot

This work aims to examine the current state of the art in visual localization and find a suitable solution for an indoor mobile robotic platform equipped with a single upward-looking RGB camera and fisheye lens. The system should be able to perform longterm global localization in changing indoor industrial or office environment. A dataset of localized omnidirectional images was captured and used for evaluation of the performance of selected methods. VLAD and NetVLAD descriptors were tested in combination with tiled panorama representation. A simple localization method based on taking the position of the most similar database image is proposed as the solution.
The Impact of International Migration on the Labour Market Behaviour of Women left-behind: Evidence from Senegal

This paper examines the impact of male international migration on the labour market behaviour of women left-behind. The economic and social effects of migration on origin households and communities, in particular through the remittance channel, are high on the policy-agenda and have been extensively researched over the past decades. However, the role of migration for the economic behaviour of left-behind is less well documented, and evidence taking into account the gender-specific responses of non-migrant household members is scarce, in particular in the context of international migration from Africa.
Planetary-scale perturbations on ionosphere F-region at equatorial and tropical latitude

Spectral analysis technique has been used to investigate planetary wave (PWs) perturbation on equatorial ionospheric F-region. We use ground-based critical frequency of the F2-region (foF2) and peak height (hmF2) data, obtained from Ibadan, from January to December 1958 (IGY-period), a year of solar maximum, with Rz=185. Wave amplitude variation is estimated between ~ 2.86-6.70 MHz and ~23-30 km in foF2 and hmF2 data respectively. Approximately 2-day and 10-day periodicities are found in hmF2 and foF2 spectra respectively. Our results are valuable for applications in radio propagation and telecommunications, as they are responsible for part of the radiowave propagation condition predictions.
Cerebral palsy following term newborn encephalopathy: a population‐based study

Cerebral palsy (CP) can occur in term infants with or without preceding newborn encephalopathy. We compared the type and severity of CP and associated disability in these two groups. Participants from a population‐based case‐control study of term newborn encephalopathy were followed up for 6 years and linked to the Western Australian Cerebral Palsy Register. The remaining term infants with CP for the same period were also identified from the Cerebral Palsy Register. 13% of neonatal survivors of term newborn encephalopathy had CP, a rate of 116 per 1000 term live births. Overall, 24% of term infants with CP followed newborn encephalopathy. CP following newborn encephalopathy was more likely to: affect males (72% vs 56%); be severe (47% vs 25%); and be of spastic quadriplegia or dyskinetic types. Cognitive impairment was more common (75% vs 43%) and severe (41% vs 16%), as was epilepsy (53% vs 29%) in survivors of encephalopathy. These children were also more likely to: be non‐verbal (47% vs 22%); have a severe composite disability score (47% vs 26%); and die between time of diagnosis of CP and age 6 years (5‐year cumulative mortality 19% vs 5%). Children born at term who develop CP following newborn encephalopathy have a poorer prognosis than those with CP who were not encephalopathic in the first week of life.
Adversarial Robustness via Runtime Masking and Cleansing: Supplementary Materials

Training. We use Adam as the optimizer. We set the learning rate to 1e 3 for all models paired up with different train-time defense mentioned in Section 4 of the main paper. For the adversarial training, we set the batch size to 128, and the maximum allowable perturbations, denoted by ✏, to 0.3. When the attack model is PGD in adversarial training, we run PGD for 10 iterations with step size 0.01 to generate an adversarial example. For regularization-based defenses, we set the weights of the regularization terms to 0.1 and 0.05 for Jacobian and Cross-Lipschitz regularizations, respectively. Adaptation. We follow the settings used by the training procedure of the corresponding model, except setting the learning rate to 2e 4.
The natural establishment of Ammophila arenaria from seed

Seedlings of Ammophila arenaria (L). Link. usually die within a few weeks after germination. The main causes of death are desiccation, excessive burial and small scale sand erosion. In some young slacks in Newborough Warren, Wales, where water is retained by an impermeable layer of boulder clay, the soil remains damp for rather long periods and these risks of death are reduced. Extensive populations of seedlings have been observed to establish and spread clonally in such areas. Genetic diversity in stands of A. arenaria is therefore likely to be greater than had been imagined.
Findings from a multidisciplinary clinical case series of females with Rett syndrome

Systematic data from a multidisciplinary clinical assessment of a large series of females with Rett syndrome (RS; n=87) is presented. Participants’ ages ranged from 2 years 1 month to 44 years 10 months. Areas assessed included oromotor skills, feeding problems, growth, breathing abnormalities, mobility, postural abnormalities and joint deformities, epilepsy, hand use and stereotypies, self‐care, and cognitive and communication skills. Many previously reported trends in the presentation of RS over time were confirmed, notably the increasingly poor growth and near pervasiveness of fixed joint deformities and scoliosis in adulthood. In contrast, there was a slight trend towards improved autonomic function in adulthood, whereas feeding difficulties increased into middle childhood and then reached a plateau. Improvements in mobility into adolescence were followed by a decline in those skills in adulthood. Levels of dependency were high, confirming findings from previous studies. Despite the presence of repetitive hand movements, a range of hand‐use skills was seen in individuals of all ages. Cognitive and communication skills were limited, but there was little evidence of deterioration of these abilities with age. These findings confirm that RS is not a degenerative condition and indicate that intervention and support to maintain and increase motor skills, daily living skills, and cognitive and communicative functioning are appropriate targets for individuals with RS.
Muscle responses to seated perturbations for typically developing infants and those at risk for motor delays

This study examined spatial and temporal organization of muscle activity in response to seated forward platform perturbations in typically developing (TD) infants and in infants at risk for ongoing neuromotor delays. Twelve high‐risk (HR) infants (six males, six females) and 12 TD infants (nine males, three females) aged 8 to 10 months (corrected for prematurity), who were all independent sitters, participated in this study. Surface electromyograms recorded muscle responses to forward perturbation in the neck, trunk, and leg (6cm amplitude, 12cm/s). Center of pressure measures were also recorded. The TD infants demonstrated significantly more phasic responses than the HR infants, who had more trials with tonic activity and more trials with no burst of muscle activity (Mann‐Whitney U test, two‐tailed, p=0.006). The TD infants demonstrated caudalcephalo, directionally appropriate recruitment patterns more often than the HR infants. There were some similarities between the two groups, with no significant difference between any of the center of pressure measures or onset latencies. Results suggest that postural development in HR infants with motor delays is complex. Some elements of seated postural control appear to be developmentally appropriate, e.g. presence of phasic activity in directionally appropriate muscles sequenced in a caudalcephalo pattern. However, frequency of these age appropriate responses was significantly lower in HR infants, who demonstrated many normal, albeit immature, responses, such as cephalocaudally sequenced muscle activity.
Prevalence of Malocclusion among 12 Years Old School Children in Kashmir, India

DOI: 10.21276/sjds.2018. 5.1. 6 Abstract: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 12 years old school children to assess the prevalence of malocclusion in Kashmir, India.16 schools (8 Government and 8 private) were randomly selected for the survey in two districts of Kashmir namely Srinagar and Ganderbal; all the schools having a minimum roll of 100 students aged 12 years old, were included for the study.An estimated sample of 1600 was examined for the presence/absence of malocclusion and also the type of malocclusion was assessed using WHO criteria of oral health assessment. The other associated occlusal traits such as overjet, overbite, rotations were also recorded. The total 1600 subjects comprised 52% (832) boys and 48%(768) girls. Of the total 1600 subjects, 1253(78.31%) were having one or the other form of malocclusion while only 347(21.68%) had normal occlusion. The prevalence of angle’s class I malocclusion was found to be 65.87%(1054), 21.93% (351) had class II malocclusion; 12.18% (195) had class III malocclusion. It was concluded that majority (78.31%) of the 12years old children exhibited one or the other form of malocclusion. The prevalence of angle’s class I malocclusion was found to be 65.87 %( 1054), 21.93% (351) had class II malocclusion; 12.18% (195) had class III malocclusion. Class II Div 1 malocclusion was more prevalent than Class II Div 2.
Identification of preferences, demand and equilibrium with finite data

We give conditions under which an individual's preferences can be identified with finite data. First, we derive conditions that guarantee that a finite number of observations of an individual's binary choices identify preferences over an arbitrarily large subset of the choice space and allow one to predict how the individual shall decide when faced with choices not previously encountered. Second, we extend the argument to observations of individual demand. Finally, we show that nitely many observations of Walrasian equilibrium prices and pro les of individual endowments suffice to identify individual preferences and, as a consequence, equilibrium comparative statics.
Relationship of Dietary Fat Sources with Semen Characteristics, Blood Plasma Metabolites and Scrotal Circumference in Mature Rams

The hypothesis of this experiment was that the various sources of dietary fat with different dietary ratios of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to saturated fatty acids (SFAs) would alter the reproduction parameters of mature rams. Twelve mature rams were randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were: 1) ration with 4% soybean oil (SOY-OIL), 2) ration with 8% full fat soybean (FULL-FAT), 3) ration with 4% calcium salts of soybean oil (Ca-SALT) and 4) ration with 4% tallow (TALL). All diets were kept isoenergetic and isonitrogenous and formulated to be similar in Ca and P contents, while meeting or exceeding the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System software requirements for the rams used in this study. Diets were supplied to the rams during four months (from August to late December). Semen characteristics, scrotal circumference, and concentrations of cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride and testosterone of plasma were measured at the end of the experimental period. Based on the results of this study, diets supplemented with Ca-SALT and TALL improved the health of plasma membrane, viability and sperm concentration (P 0.05). Blood concentrations of cholesterol, LDL and HDL of rams supplemented with Ca-SALT were significantly higher than the other treatments. Concentrations of triglyceride, testosterone and scrotal circumference were not affected by the experimental treatments (P>0.05). As an overall conclusion, the results of this study have indicated the benefits for adding Ca-SALT to the diets of adult rams on their reproductive performance.