Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
JMIR Serious Games

Background: Physical activity games developed for a mobile phone platform are becoming increasingly popular, yet little is known about their content or inclusion of health behavior theory (HBT). Objective: The objective of our study was to quantify elements of HBT in physical activity games developed for mobile phones and to assess the relationship between theoretical constructs and various app features. Methods: We conducted an analysis of exercise and physical activity game apps in the Apple App Store in the fall of 2014. A total of 52 apps were identified and rated for inclusion of health behavior theoretical constructs using an established theory-based rubric. Each app was coded for 100 theoretical items, containing 5 questions for 20 different constructs. Possible total theory scores ranged from 0 to 100. Descriptive statistics and Spearman correlations were used to describe the HBT score and association with selected app features, respectively. Results: The average HBT score in the sample was 14.98 out of 100. One outlier, SuperBetter, scored higher than the other apps with a score of 76. Goal setting, self-monitoring, and self-reward were the most-reported constructs found in the sample. There was no association between either app price and theory score (P=.5074), or number of gamification elements and theory score (P=.5010). However, Superbetter, with the highest HBT score, was also the most expensive app. Conclusions: There are few content analyses of serious games for health, but a comparison between these findings and previous content analyses of non-game health apps indicates that physical activity mobile phone games demonstrate higher levels of behavior theory. The most common theoretical constructs found in this sample are known to be efficacious elements in physical activity interventions. It is unclear, however, whether app designers consciously design physical activity mobile phone games with specific constructs in mind; it may be that games lend themselves well to inclusion of theory and any constructs found in significant levels are coincidental. Health games developed for mobile phones could be potentially used in health interventions, but collaboration between app designers and behavioral specialists is crucial. Additionally, further research is needed to better characterize mobile phone health games and the relative importance of educational elements versus gamification elements in long-term behavior change. (JMIR Serious Games 2015;3(2):e4) doi:10.2196/games.4187
Factors Affecting Potassium Pools Distribution in Calcareous Soils of Southern Iran

Different K pools in 197 surface and subsurface soil samples of southern Iran were determined to accurately assess factors affecting K pools distribution. Mineralogical analysis indicated that smectite, mica, chlorite, and palygorskite were the major minerals in the clay fractions. We obtained significant relationships between exchangeable, non-exchangeable, mineral, and total K with mica content, CEC, calcium carbonate equivalent, and clay content. Although many researchers have stated that mineralogical composition determines K status of soils, our studies indicated that some characteristics such as soil moisture and temperature regimes, soil orders, depth, agricultural activity, leaching, and some soil properties like particle size distribution, soil salinity, calcium carbonate equivalent, and cation exchange capacity could also affect K equilibration in the soils. Generally, Histosols and coarse-textured Entisols had the lowest contents of different K pools, and Alfisols and Vertisols had the highest values. On the other hand, soils with xeric moisture and mesic temperature regimes had the highest contents of different K pools. Further research is required to study the relationship between these findings with plant response and uptake of K.
Journal Pre-proof Systemic cell-adhesion molecules (CAM) in severe mental illness-potential role of intracellular CAM-1 in linking peripheral and neuro-inflammation.

Background: Cell adhesion molecules (CAM) orchestrate leukocyte trafficking and could link peripheral and neuro-inflammation in patients with severe mental illness (SMI), by promoting inflammatory and immune mediated responses and mediating signals across blood-brain-barrier (BBB). We hypothesized that CAMs would be dysregulated in SMI and evaluated if plasma levels of different vascular and neural CAMs. Dysregulated CAMs in plasma were further evaluated in vivo in leukocytes and brain tissue and in vitro in iPSC cells. Methods: We compared plasma soluble (s) levels in circulating leukocytes of different vascular (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, P-SEL) and neural (JAM-A, N-CAD) CAMs in a large SMI sample of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SCZ, n=895) and affective disorders (AFF, n=737) and heathy controls (HC, n=1070) controlling for age, sex, BMI, CRP and freezer storage time. We also evaluated mRNA expression of ICAM1 and related genes encoding ICAM-1 receptors in leukocytes by microarray (n=842) and in available RNAseq from the CommonMind Consortium on post-mortem samples from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (n=474). The regulation of sICAM-1 in iPSC-derived neurons and astrocytes was assessed in SCZ patients and HC (n=8 of each). Results: Our major findings: (1) increased sICAM-1 in SMI patients vs. HC; (2) increased ITGB2 mRNA, encoding the beta chain of the ICAM-1 receptor, in circulating leukocytes from SMI patients and increased prefrontal cortex mRNA expression of ICAM1 in SCZ; and (3) enhanced sICAM-1 release in iPSC-derived neurons from SCZ patients. Conclusion: Our results support a systemic and cerebral dysregulation of sICAM-1 expression in SMI and especially in SCZ patients. and healthy controls (HC, n=1070) and associations with symptom severity. Step 2: among the observed regulated CAMs in step 1, we assessed microarray mRNA expression of the CAM and relevant receptors in leukocytes in a subset including 579 SMI patients and 263 HC. Step 3: we assessed dysregulated CAMs and corresponding receptors by estimating cell type-specific gene expression through computational deconvolution in leukocytes and RNA-seq data of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) post mortem samples from the CommonMind Consortium (CMC, n=474). Step 4: we studied the regulation of dysregulated CAMs and their receptors in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons and astrocytes from SCZ and HC donors (n=8). in We confirm enhanced sICAM-1 in patients with increased mRNA levels of ITGB2 , encoding the beta chain of the ICAM-1 receptor, in circulating leukocytes from SMI patients and elevated DLPFC mRNA expression of ICAM1 in SCZ. Novel findings of our study are the dysregulation of ITGB2 in leukocytes in AFF, increased DLPFC mRNA expression of ITGAL in SCZ and enhanced release of sICAM-1 from neurons in SCZ. In addition, we report increased sJAM-A in SMI, but found no regulation in DLPFC samples.
Passive Heat Therapy in Sedentary Humans Increases Skeletal Muscle Capillarisation and eNOS Content but Not Mitochondrial Density or GLUT4 Sedentary

Passive heat therapy (PHT) has been proposed as an alternative intervention to moderate intensity continous training (MICT) in individuals who are unable or unwilling to exercise. This study aimed to make the first comparison of the effect of PHT and MICT on 1) skeletal muscle capillarisation and endothelial specific eNOS content and 2) mitochondrial density, GLUT4 and IMTG content. Twenty young sedentary males (21±1years, BMI 25±1kg.m -2 ) were allocated to either 6-weeks of PHT (n=10; 40-50min at 40°C in a heat chamber, 3x/wk) or MICT (n=10; time matched cycling at ~65% VO 2peak ). Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle pre- and post-training. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to assess changes in skeletal muscle mitochondrial density (mitochondrial marker COXIV), GLUT4 and IMTG content, capillarisation and endothelial specific eNOS content. VO 2peak and whole body insulin sensitivity were also assessed. PHT and MICT both increased capillary density (PHT 21%; MICT 12%) and capillary–fibre perimeter exchange index (PHT 15%; MICT 12%)( P <0.05), and endothelial specific eNOS content (PHT 8%; MICT 12%, P <0.05). However, unlike MICT (mitochondrial density 40%; GLUT4 14%; IMTG content 70%: P <0.05) PHT did not increase mitochondrial density (11%, P =0.443), GLUT4 (7%, P =0.217) or IMTG content (1%, P =0.957). Both intervention improved aerobic capacity (PHT 5%; MICT 7%) and whole body insulin sensitivity (PHT 15%; MICT 36%, P<0.05). 6 weeks PHT in young sedentary males increases skeletal muscle skeletal muscle mitochondrial density, GLUT4 or IMTG content. The effect of 6 weeks passive heat therapy (PHT) compared to moderate intensity continous training (MICT) was investigated in young sedentary males. PHT induced similar increases in skeletal muscle capillarisation and endothelial specific eNOS content to MICT. Unlike MICT, PHT did not improve skeletal muscle mitochondrial density, GLUT4 or IMTG content. These microvascular adaptations were paralleled by improvements in VO 2peak and insulin sensitivity, suggesting that microvascular adaptations may contribute to functional improvements following PHT. Skeletal muscle specific skeletal muscle insulin
A region-based high spatial resolution remotely sensed imagery classification algorithm based on multiscale fusion and feature weighting

With the availability of high resolution multispectral imagery from sensors, it is possible to identify small-scale features in urban environment. Given attributes of image structure such as color, texture, have the character of highly scale dependency, a hierarchy segment fusion algorithm based on region deviation is proposed to extract more robust features and benefit single semantic level land cover classification. The fusion algorithm proposed is divided into in two successive sub-tasks: mean shift (MS) filtering based pre-segmentation and hierarchical segment optimization. Presegmentation is applied to get boundary- preserved and spectrally homogeneous initial regions, and then, a family of nested image partitions with ascending region areas is constructed by iteratively merging procedure. In every scale, regions of the corresponding critical size are evaluated according to potential region merge risk, which is measured by the region standard deviation change before and after a virtual merge. If a region measurement is larger than a specified change threshold, the region will be preserved to the next level and labeled as a candidate segment for following regionbased classification. Otherwise the segment will be merged to the next scale level. After fusing segments in different scales, a novel weighted minimum distance classifier is employed to get supervised classification result, in which every feature band's deviation is used to calculate its own weight. We show results for classification of a HR image over Washington DC Mall area taken by the HYDICE sensor. Different features combined with designed classifier have proved that fused segments provided a robust feature extraction and improve classification accuracy.
Drift carbonate on the Canadian Shield. II: Carbonate dispersal and ice-flow patterns in northern Manitoba

In northern Manitoba, carbonates were glacially dispersed westwards for distances up to 260 km beyond the limit of carbonate bedrock. The dispersal pattern in the surface till reflects the interaction of Keewatin and Hudson – Labrador ice in the region during the Wisconsin glaciation and suggests the presence of ice streams within the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Pre-Wisconsinan tills show different dispersal and ice-flow patterns. In unfrozen terrain, carbonate till sheets on the Shield buffer the effects of natural lake acidification and acid rain; however, their ability to buffer appears to be severely limited in permafrost terrain.
Rheology and topography control the path of a lava flow: Insight from numerical simulations over a preexisting topography

Determination of flow path is strongly controlled by both the preexisting topography and rheology of the lava flow. Using the Okmok 1997 eruption as an example lava flow, we perform numerical simulations of Bingham fluids flowing over preexisting topography and find that flow rheology determines whether or not new lobe formation (or bifurcation) occurs from the main flow at a topographic divide or remains confined by local topography. Therefore, lobe (or branch) length may increase for higher viscosity flows, when considering the effect of topographic control. Also, even one order of magnitude difference in the rheological properties allows lava flows to move in completely different paths, which may suggest that flow bifurcation due to topographic control provides insight to the local rheological properties of a lava flow. The effect reported here should be taken into account in risk assessments of future volcanic hazards.
Tuberculosis and its incidence, special nature, and relationship with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Tuberculosis (TB) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) carry a significant burden in terms of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This review article focuses on different aspects of Tuberculosis in terms of the relationship with COPD such as in the development of chronic airflow obstruction as a sequel to active TB and reviewing the key role of cigarette smoking in the pathogenesis of both conditions. Patients diagnosed with TB may often have extensive co-morbidity such as COPD and the effect of an underlying diagnosis of COPD on outcomes in TB is also reviewed.
Soil Nutrients and Microbial Biomass Following Weed-Control Treatments in a Christmas Tree Plantation

Control of competing vegetation in Christmas tree plantations is an important part of management, as uncontrolled weed growth can affect the growth and form of lower branches. Herbicide application is the most common weed-control strategy, but some Christmas tree growers prefer organic mulches. Although both herbicides and other weed-control strategies are available, there is little information about their effects on soil nutrients and microbial biomass, which determine long-term site productivity. A field experiment was conducted in a Christmas tree plantation in eastern Kentucky to examine the effects of four weed-management strategies-sulfometuron methyl herbicide (methyl 2[[[[(r,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]benzoate) (Oust) at two application rates, sawdust mulch, and rubber-tire mulch-on soil nutrients and microbial biomass. We tested the cumulative (3 yr) and re-treatment effects of the four treatments. Soil organic matter, moisture content, and total N were significantly higher in the sawdust-treated soils than in all other treatments. Inorganic N and extractable P were higher in the Oust-treated soils. The Oust and rubber-tire mulch treatments generally had negative cumulative and re-treatment effects on soil cations and pH. Significantly higher microbial biomass occurred in the sawdust treatment. This was most likely due to increased soil water content under the sawdust mulch and coincided with higher total N and soil organic matter for the cumulative and re-treatment periods. Sawdust was the best of the four weed-control strategies for long-term Christmas tree production because of the positive effects on soil physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, an important consideration for growers choosing a weed-control strategy for use on land expected to produce Christmas trees for many years.
The superparamagnetism of Yucca Mountain Tuff

Yucca Mountain Tuff contains small titanomagnetite grains with narrow size distributions in the superparamagnetic range [Schlinger et al., 1988]. Magnetic measurements on three samples (comprising hysteresis loops at low and ambient temperatures, acquisition and demagnetization of isothermal remanent magnetization, thermal demagnetization of the saturation remanence and of a low-temperature thermoremanence, and frequency- and temperature-dependent susceptibilities) allow evaluation of the magnetic properties in terms of Neel's [1949] single-domain theory. Precise grain volume distributions have been obtained by applying the blocking volume concept to thermal demagnetization results. In contrast, an attempt to derive mean particle volumes by fitting a Langevin curve to the room temperature magnetization curves fails, probably because the precondition for the Langevin function, KV/kT≪1, is not met. It is only for the sample with the smallest grains and in weak fields (<20 mT) that a Langevin fit provides a reasonable volume estimate. There is good agreement between the experimental results and the calculated frequency and temperature dependence of susceptibility, thus verifying that Neel's theory is sufficient for the magnetic description of single-domain assemblages spanning the superparamagnetic/stable single-domain boundary. However, some deviations between modeled and measured susceptibilities exist, and the physical causes may include size-dependent anisotropy, nonuniform magnetizations, and also an uncertain preexponential time “constant” τ0. While τ0 = 10−11 s gives the best fit for the sample with the largest grains, τ0 = 10−9 s is more reasonable for the others. Thus τ0 may indeed be size- and temperature-dependent as predicted by Brown [1959]. The commonly cited parameter χfd (frequency dependence of susceptibility) reaches 30% at room temperature (RT) for one sample with a blocking temperatures just below RT, while χfd = 0 at RT for a superparamagnetic sample with smaller grains. These results thus exemplify that χfd is not limited to 15%, as a number of studies suggest, and that χfd = 0 must not be taken to imply the absence of superparamagnetic grains.
Mineralogical and chemical characterization of sepiolite occurrences at Karapinar (Konya Basin, Turkey)

The Konya region in central Anatolia is covered by Pliocene-Late Pleistocene sediments and volcanites related to the sediments NNW of Karapınar, Turkey. In the area, the Upper Miocene-Quaternary Üzecek Dağı and Karacadağ volcanites are generally of the same age and formed from magmas of similar composition. The Karapınar formation is brown to whitish-beige, partly fossiliferous and consists of limestone, marl, claystone and, locally, sandy layers. Silica-rich lenses, nodules and layers are observed in the upper strata which locally contain sepiolite-rich layers. The mineralogical composition of sepiolite samples taken from the area was determined by powder X-ray diffractometry, while the abundance of major-element oxides was measured by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The crystallographic and morphological properties of samples were determined by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Samples were taken from three sections and from random locations. Mineral assemblages in the same stratigraphic position are generally similar in the three sections, while the thickness of the individual beds varies between the sections. Dolomite and calcite are the main carbonate minerals in the sections. Sepiolite occurs primarily with dolomite and, locally, dolomite and calcite, and less commonly with just calcite. Generally, quartz, feldspar and mica are found, especially in the upper parts of the sections where tuff is abundant. CaO and MgO dominate the major-element oxides. The CaO content is between 1 and 30% while MgO is 3–21%. Al2O3 and SiO2 are generally higher in the sepiolitic and tuffitic layers. Al2O3 is <3% and SiO2 is between 15–18% in the sepiolitic layers. The average structural formula of sepiolite was calculated as: (Mg7.00Al0.44Fe0.18)(Si11.71Al0.29)O30 (OH)4(OH2)4Ca0.13K0. 09Na0.01. Sepiolite occurs as fibers and dolomite as subhedral or euhedral crystals. It is considered that sepiolite was formed either by conversion of dolomite or by direct precipitation from solution under alkaline and saline conditions in the Karapınar paleolake. The paleolake was saturated with respect to Mg, Ca and Si derived from groundwater that percolated along fracture systems.
Auroral electron energy derived from ratio of spectroscopic emissions 1. Model computations

The relationship between auroral electron fluxes and spectroscopic emission features in aurora is quantitatively explored. The model computations focus on the prominent auroral radiations of atomic oxygen at 6300 A and 5577 A and a vibrational band of ionized molecular nitrogen at 4278 A. The emission rate ratios, 6300/4278, 5577/4278, and 6300/5577, together with the absolute emission rate of the 4278-A radiation, may be used to infer a characteristic energy of the precipitating electron flux. This characteristic energy and the 4278-A intensity then determine the total electron flux and the energy deposition rate. Computational results are presented in easily used curves, and the assumptions made in the model calculations are discussed in the text. At the present time it appears that the ratio 6300/4278 is the most reliable and informative of the set.
An Improved Ehrenfest Approach to Model Correlated Electron-Nuclear Dynamics

Mixed quantum-classical mechanics descriptions are critical to modeling coupled electron-nuclear dynamics, i.e. non-adiabatic molecular dynamics, relevant to photochemical and photophysical processes. We argue that, for polyatomic molecules, such mixed dynamics can not be efficiently described in terms of a matrix gauge potential and develop the concept of a `length gauge' effective Hamiltonian, which helps clarifying certain aspects for the popular non-adiabatic computational approaches. In particular, within such an effective Hamiltonain formalism one readily derives the momentum rescaling boundary condition, used in the surface hopping algorithms. Furthermore, using the new formalism, we introduce a coupled Gaussian wavepacket parameterization of the nuclear wavefunction, which generalizes the Ehrenfest approach to account for electron-nuclei correlations. We test this new approach, Ehrenfest-Plus, on the standard set of model problems that probe electron-nuclear correlation in non-adiabatic transitions. The high accuracy of our approach, combined with mixed-quantum classical efficiency, opens a path for improved simulation of non-adiabatic molecular dynamics in realistic molecular systems.
Stratum corneum lipids, skin barrier function and filaggrin mutations in patients with atopic eczema

To cite this article: Jungersted JM, Scheer H, Mempel M, Baurecht H, Cifuentes L, Høgh JK, Hellgren LI, Jemec GBE, Agner T, Weidinger S. Stratum corneum lipids, skin barrier function and filaggrin mutations in patients with atopic eczema. Allergy 2010; 65: 911–918.