Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unjustifiably Irresponsible: The Effects of Social Roles on Attributions of Intent

How do people’s social roles change others’ perceptions of their intentions to cause harm? Three preregistered vignette-based experiments (N = 788) manipulated the social role of someone causing harm and measured how intentional people thought the harm was. Results indicate that people judge harmful consequences as intentional when they think the actor unjustifiably caused harm. Social roles were shown to alter intention judgments by making people responsible for preventing harm (thereby rendering the harm as an intentional neglect of one’s responsibilities) or for causing the harm (thereby excusing it as an unintentional byproduct of the role). Additionally, Experiment 3 conceptually replicated and moderated the side-effect effect —revealing that people think harmful side effects are intentional when the harm is unjustified but not when a role’s responsibility justifies it. We discuss the importance of social information—including roles—in how people judge others’ intentions.
A soil moisture monitoring network to assess controls on runoff generation during atmospheric river events

Soil moisture is a key modifier of runoff generation from rainfall excess, including during extreme precipitation events associated with Atmospheric Rivers (ARs). This paper presents a new, publicly available dataset from a soil moisture monitoring network in Northern California's Russian River Basin, designed to assess soil moisture controls on runoff generation under AR conditions. The observations consist of 2‐min volumetric soil moisture at 19 sites and 6 depths (5, 10, 15, 20, 50, and 100 cm), starting in summer 2017. The goals of this monitoring network are to aid the development of research applications and situational awareness tools for Forecast‐Informed Reservoir Operations at Lake Mendocino. We present short analyses of these data to demonstrate their capability to characterize soil moisture responses to precipitation across sites and depths, including time series analysis, correlation analysis, and identification of soil saturation thresholds that induce runoff. Our results show strong inter‐site Pearson's correlations (>0.8) at the seasonal timescale. Correlations are strong (>0.8) during events with high antecedent soil moisture and during drydown periods, and weak (<0.5) otherwise. High event runoff ratios are observed when antecedent soil moisture thresholds are exceeded, and when antecedent runoff is high. Although local heterogeneity in soil moisture can limit the utility of point source data in some hydrologic model applications, our analyses indicate three ways in which soil moisture data are valuable for model design: (1) sensors installed at 6 depths per location enable us to identify the soil depth below which evapotranspiration and saturation dynamics change, and therefore choose model soil layer depths, (2) time series analysis indicates the role of soil moisture processes in controlling runoff ratio during precipitation, which hydrologic models should replicate, and (3) spatial correlation analysis of the soil moisture fluctuations helps identify when and where distributed hydrologic modelling may be beneficial.
Formation of silicon nanoislands on crystalline silicon substrates by thermal annealing of silicon rich oxide deposited by low pressure chemical vapour deposition

We report the preparation and characterization of Si nanoislands grown on a c-Si substrate by thermal annealing of silicon-rich oxide (SRO) films deposited using a conventional low pressure chemical vapour deposition (LPCVD) technique. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that a high density of Si nanoislands was formed on the surface of the c-Si substrate during thermal annealing. The nanoislands are nanocrystallites with the same crystal orientation as the substrate. The strain at the c-Si/SRO interface is probably the main reason for the nucleation of the self-assembled Si nanoislands that epitaxially grow on the c-Si substrate. The proposed method is very simple and compatible with Si integrated circuit technology.
Investigating the effectiveness of a digital game-based task on the acquisition of word knowledge

Abstract This study investigates the probable effect of a digital game-based vocabulary learning (DGBVL) task on the acquisition of some components of a word knowledge framework. In so doing, 124 Persian speakers (56 males and 68 females) were randomly assigned to either a control or an experimental group. The experimental group participants completed a DGBVL task for acquiring ten low-frequent inanimate object names, or lexical nouns, by playing a commercial adventure game. The control group participants practiced the same words in a fill-in-the-blank vocabulary acquisition exercise. In brief, first, all participants sat for a word-checklist and a proficiency test; next, they completed their tasks, and three weeks later, all participants sat for eight achievement tests. In the achievement test booklet, participants’ knowledge of receptive, productive, recognition, and recall dimensions and scopes of meaning, orthography, and association were evaluated. The results revealed 1) the efficiency of the DGBVL task in enhancing the acquisition of these components, 2) the precedence of productive knowledge acquisition by the experimental group participants, 3) strong associations among the components acquired through DGBVL task assistance, and 4) gains in the components that were not associated with others due to the efficiency of DGBVL.
Interaction of different types of cells on physicochemically treated poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) surfaces

To improve the cell compatibility of poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA; 75/25 molar ratio of lactide to glycolide) surfaces, we experimented with physicochemical treatments. Chemical treatments employed 70% chloric acid, 50% sulfuric acid, and 0.5N sodium hydroxide solutions, and physical methods included corona and plasma treatments. The water contact angle of surface-treated PLGA decreased from 73 to 50–60°; that is, the hydrophilicity increased because of the introduction of oxygen-containing functional groups onto the PLGA backbone according to electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. The physicochemically modified PLGA surfaces were used to investigate the interaction of four different types of cells—hepatoma (Hep G2), osteoblast (MG 63), bovine aortic endothelial (CPAE), and fibroblast (NIH/3T3) cells—in terms of the surface hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of PLGA. The cells that adhered and grew on the physicochemically modified PLGA surfaces were counted and observed with scanning electron microscopy. The adhesion and growth of Hep G2, MG 63, CPAE, and NIH/3T3 cells on physicochemically treated PLGA surfaces, especially on chloric acid-treated PLGA surfaces, were more active than on the control. This result seems closely related to the serum protein adsorption on the surface; the serum proteins were also adsorbed more on the hydrophilic surface. Surface hydrophilicity apparently plays an important role in cell adhesion, spreading, and growth on PLGA surfaces. The surface modification technique used in this study may be applicable to tissue engineering for the improvement of tissue compatibility of film- and scaffold-type substrates. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1253–1262, 2002
Pengaruh Kualitas Website dan Kemudahan Penggunaan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Online

Penelitian ini bertujuaan untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan Pengaruh kualitas website dan kemudahan penggunaan terhadap keputusan pembelian ( Studi kasus online shop eigerindostore.com). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada konsumen PT Eigerindo Multi Produk Industri (EMPI) yang pernah membeli produk di eigerindostore.com. dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 responden, teknik sampling menggunakan rumus Roscoe. Tipe penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksplanatif dan menggunakan metode Analisis linier Regresi berganda dengan menggunakan Software SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa : (1) Variable kualitas website mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. (2) Variable kemudahaan penggunaan mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. (3) kualitas website dan kemudahan penggunaan secara Bersama-sama Memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian.
Estimating Cycling Aerodynamic Performance Using Anthropometric Measures

Aerodynamic drag force and projected frontal area (A) are commonly used indicators of aerodynamic cycling efficiency. This study investigated the accuracy of estimating these quantities using easy-to-acquire anthropometric and pose measures. In the first part, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) drag force calculations and A (m2) values from photogrammetry methods were compared using predicted 3D cycling models for 10 male amateur cyclists. The shape of the 3D models was predicted using anthropometric measures. Subsequently, the models were reposed from a standing to a cycling pose using joint angle data from an optical motion capture (mocap) system. In the second part, a linear regression analysis was performed to predict A using 26 anthropometric measures combined with joint angle data from two sources (optical and inertial mocap, separately). Drag calculations were strongly correlated with benchmark projected frontal area (coefficient of determination R2 = 0.72). A can accurately be predicted using anthropometric data and joint angles from optical mocap (root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.037 m2) or inertial mocap (RMSE = 0.032 m2). This study showed that aerodynamic efficiency can be predicted using anthropometric and joint angle data from commercially available, inexpensive posture tracking methods. The practical relevance for cyclists is to quantify and train posture during cycling for improving aerodynamic efficiency and hence performance.
Weight regain after bariatric surgery

Obesity and weight related metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, disability, non alcoholic fatty liver disease, gastroesophageal reflux, obstructive sleep apnea, some cancers) are major health problems with global concerns. Currently, non surgical methods can not provide consistent success by virtue of the fact that inadequate weight loss or maintanence. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment modality for morbidly obesity and related medical co-morbidities. Therefore, the number of patients undergone bariatric surgery has rapidly increased, in the last two decades in particular. However ,weight regain is a phenomenon which the majority of bariatric surgery patients will encounter in the long term. Although there are abundant patients suffering from weight regain, it is one of the related topics of bariatric surgery with a relatively limited number of publications reflecting the vagueness of the entity. The factors influencing long term weight loss management after a bariatric surgical procedure can be assorted into three categories: environmental, patient related and procedure related. Environmental factors can be elucidated as threats similar to the ones that the patients’ had before surgery. While patient related factors may arise from metabolic disarrangements, dietary contravention, physical inactivity or mental disorders, procedure related issues may directly originate from complications of surgically altered anatomy or patients’ lack of compliance. The current review aims to clarify the definition, underlying aetiologies and management of weight regain after bariatric surgery.
Effects of porosity on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured components: a critical review

In the present review, the effect of porosity on the mechanical properties of the fabricated parts, which are additively manufactured by powder bed fusion and filament extrusion-based technologies, are discussed in detail. Usually, additive manufacturing (AM) processes based on these techniques produce the components with a significant amount of pores. The porosity in these parts typically takes two forms: pores with irregular shapes (called keyholes) and uniform (spherical) pores. These pores are present at different locations, such as surface, sub-surface, interior bulk material, between the deposited layers and at filler/matrix interface, which critically affect the corrosion resistance, fatigue strength, stiffness, mechanical strength, and fracture toughness properties, respectively. Therefore, it is essential to study and understand the influence of pores on the mechanical properties of AM fabricated parts. The technologies of AM can be employed in the manufacturing of components with the desired porous structure through the topology optimization process of scaffolds and lattices to improve their toughness under a specific load. The undesirable effect of pores can be eliminated by using defects-free raw materials, optimizing the processing parameters, and implementing suitable post-processing treatment. The current review grants a more comprehensive understanding of the effect of porous defects on mechanical performance and provides a mechanistic basis for reliable applications of additively manufactured components.
Supply chain sustainability: learning from the COVID-19 pandemic

Purpose: This paper, a pathway, aims to provide research guidance for investigating sustainability in supply chains in a post-COVID-19 environment Design/methodology/approach: Published literature, personal research experience, insights from virtual open forums and practitioner interviews inform this study Findings: COVID-19 pandemic events and responses are unprecedented to modern operations and supply chains Scholars and practitioners seek to make sense of how this event will make us revisit basic scholarly notions and ontology Sustainability implications exist Short-term environmental sustainability gains occur, while long-term effects are still uncertain and require research Sustainability and resilience are complements and jointly require investigation Research limitations/implications: The COVID-19 crisis is emerging and evolving It is not clear whether short-term changes and responses will result in a new “normal ” Adjustment to current theories or new theoretical developments may be necessary This pathway article only starts the conservation – many additional sustainability issues do arise and cannot be covered in one essay Practical implications: Organizations have faced a major shock during this crisis Environmental sustainability practices can help organizations manage in this and future competitive contexts Social implications: Broad economic, operational, social and ecological-environmental sustainability implications are included – although the focus is on environmental sustainability Emergent organizational, consumer, policy and supply chain behaviors are identified Originality/value: The authors take an operations and supply chain environmental sustainability perspective to COVID-19 pandemic implications;with sustainable representing the triple bottom-line dimensions of environmental, social and economic sustainability;with a special focus on environmental sustainability Substantial open questions for investigation are identified This paper sets the stage for research requiring rethinking of some previous tenets and ontologies © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited
Body Composition Matters When Designing and Prescribing HIIT Protocols to Individuals for Health Promotion

Many experimental studies use the quantification of aerobic and anaerobic ability as performance indicators and as injury rehabilitative measures. The measurement of aerobic performance can be quantified by the volume of oxygen consumed while exercising sub-maximally or at maximum capacity or intensity. Recently, high intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as a sustainable and effective method for improving cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). HIIT has been proven to produce equal or greater improvements in cardio respiratory fitness (CRF) when compared to moderate intensity continuous exercise. HIIT has been described as an intermittent exercise period of short intense training bouts interspersed by different recovery periods. Whether using continuous aerobic or intermittent anaerobic training protocols to develop increased exercise capacity, the quantification of the active muscle mass contributing to the measurement outcome is important. Here we suggest that outcome measures should be based on lean tissue mass and not total body composition when examining individual responses to aerobic and anaerobic training protocols.
THE ROLE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND FDI IN TESTING THE EXISTING OF ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE IN VIETNAM

This study tests the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) while examining the role of renewable energy sources and FDI to potentially effect the amount of CO2 emissions in Vietnam. Using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, the relationship between CO2 emissions and GDP, FDI and sources of energy consumption has been investigated during 1980-2018 in Vietnam. The results of study reveal that there is non-existence EKC for Vietnam in long run and a sign of inverted Ushape in short run in this period. The analysis also shows that the coefficient of energy consumption from hydro-power renewable sources which correlates to CO2 emissions is negative and significant while FDI leads to increasing carbon dioxide emissions in the long run. That implies Vietnam could have been benefited from a drop in CO2 emissions at some point in the early stage of the period, however, the country has been facing environmental pollution increase as GDP and FDI growth.
Hidden Diversity in the Mountain Chorus Frog (Pseudacris brachyphona) and the Diagnosis of a New Species of Chorus Frog in the Southeastern United States

A major driver generating amphibian diversity in the Appalachian Mountains is the complex paleogeography of the zone. Although the Appalachian Mountains have been widely studied, much of its amphibian phylogeography remains poorly known. The Mountain Chorus Frog (Pseudacris brachyphona) is one example of an understudied organism due to its elusiveness, patchy distribution, and short breeding seasons. Phylogenetic studies have suggested the existence of divergent lineages within P. brachyphona; however, insufficient sampling and the lack of diagnostic morphological traits have prevented further assessment of their taxonomic status. Using a genome-wide nuclear data set obtained via anchored hybrid enrichment, acoustic data, and ecological modeling, we tested for the existence of cryptic species within P. brachyphona. Our species tree estimation supports previous mitochondrial-based phylogenetic hypotheses that separate P. brachyphona into the Northern and Southern clades. Population genetic clustering also shows a sharp genetic break, which is concordant with these clades. Admixture was observed between the Northern clade and another chorus frog species (P. feriarum). Analysis of advertisement calls shows a divergent, faster pulse rate, and higher dominant frequency call for the Southern clade in comparison to the Northern clade and other trilling chorus frogs. Furthermore, species distribution models showed that habitat suitability for the Southern clade included pine-dominated and drier areas compared to the Northern clade. In light of the genetic, acoustic, and ecological divergence between the clades, we propose to elevate the taxonomic status of the Southern clade and name this new species the Collinses' Mountain Chorus Frog (P. collinsorum, new species). The new species ranges across northern Alabama, and extends into Georgia, eastern Mississippi, and southern Tennessee. Pseudacris collinsorum, new species, is geographically separated from its sister species, P. brachyphona, by the Tennessee River and surrounding Blue Ridge Escarpment. This study highlights the need for genus-wide, population-level genetic assessments and integrative data sets to uncover diversity within anurans.
Vertical Variability of the Raindrop Size Distribution in Typhoons Observed at the Shenzhen 356-m Meteorological Tower

Raindrop size distribution (DSD) characteristics at various altitudes in two landfalling typhoons in 2017 (Hato and Pakhar) were investigated by using laser-optical disdrometers mounted at four altitudes (10, 40, 160, and 320 m) of the Shenzhen 356-m meteorological tower. Significant differences of the DSD and derived parameters, mass-weighted mean diameter (Dm), normalized intercept parameter (NW), and standard deviation of the mass distribution σm, were observed at different altitudes for the two typhoons, while the rainwater content between the four altitudes had no statistically significant differences. The low-altitude DSDs had more midsize drops (1 < D < 3 mm), fewer large drops (D > 3 mm), and narrower distribution widths than the high-altitude ones, while the concentration of small drops varied nonlinearly with height. The value of NW decreased with height, while Dm and σm increased with height. The gamma distribution parameters N0, μ, and Λ are found to increase with decreasing height. Both the derived μ–Λ and Z–R relations were significantly varied in different altitudes.
Study on Foundation Pit Construction Cost Prediction Based on the Stacked Denoising Autoencoder

To accurately predict the construction costs of foundation pit projects, a model based on the stacked denoising autoencoder (SDAE) is constructed in this work. The influencing factors of foundation pit project construction costs are identified from the four attributes of construction cost management, namely, engineering, the environment, the market, and management. Combined with Chinese national standards and the practice of foundation pit project management, a method of the quantization of the influencing factors is presented. 60 deep foundation pit projects in China are selected to obtain 13 main characteristic factors affecting these project construction cost by using the rough set. Then, considering the advantages of the SDAE in dealing with complex nonlinear problems, a prediction model of foundation pit project construction costs is created. Finally, this paper employs these 60 projects for a case analysis. The case study demonstrates that, compared with the actual construction costs, the calculation error of the proposed method is less than 3%, and the average error is only 1.54%. In addition, three error analysis tools commonly used in machine learning (the determination coefficient, root mean square error, and mean absolute error) emphasize that the calculation accuracy of the proposed method is notably higher than those of other methods (Chinese national code, the multivariate return method, the BP algorithm, the BP model optimized by the genetic algorithm, the support vector machine, and the RBF model). The relevant research results of this paper provide a useful reference for the prediction of the construction costs of foundation pit projects.
Ab initio Simulations of Fe and TiC clusters

Iron clusters of bcc, fcc and icosahedral structure, up to the largest Fe59 (bcc), Fe55 and Fe62 (atom- and interstitial-centered fcc), Fe55 (icosahedral), and titanium carbide (Ti4 C4, Ti14 C13) were relaxed, within the given morphology type, on the basis of first-principles calculation in the density functional theory, using norm-conserving pseudopotentials and a basis set of strictly localized numerical functions. For TiC, moreover, the vibrational spectrum has been studied in a molecular dynamics approach. The results show inward relaxation at the cluster surface, accompanied by the enhancement of local magnetic moments in several surface layers up to ∼3 μB (in Fe), or by hardening of the Γ-TO phonon mode (in TiC).