Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
General health status and its related socio-demographic factors: a population based cross-sectional study

Background: There is still little information on health status in small communities and also according to the different cultural characteristics of people in different societies, the present study aimed to determine the rate of general health and its related socio-demographic factors in general population. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gonabad city, the North-East of Iran, in 2013. We used the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) to examine general health status with the cutoff point of 23. The association between general health and socio-demographic factors were reported in crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 800 subjects were interviewed (Response rate=98%). The mean age was 35.5 (SD ± 10.6) years, 49.6% were female, 41.8% were aged 30 years or younger, and 65.9% did not have academic education. According to the GHQ-28, 24.7% of the participants were categorized as not healthy people. General health status was associated with age, sex, education level, family size, residency duration in neighborhood, and SES status. Conclusion: General health status varied according to both the individual and socio-economic factors. Socio-economic status seems to play an important role in enhancing individual’s health and then lead to improve the health of community. These findings also suggest that mental health programs should be targeted in women and elderly population by the newly established family physician plan.
Exploration of Origin and Dosage Conversion of Huang Lian Jie Du Tang

As a classic prescription of eliminating heat and purging fire, Huang Lian Jie Du Tang (HLJDT) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine clinic. Though investigations and applications of HLJDT were reported broadly, the origins medicine formula, crude drug species and dosage conversion of this prescription are still not clear. In this paper, the origins of prescription, crude drug species and dosage conversion of HLJDT were examined by consulting relevant literatures. The results provided a scientific basis for rational use of HLJDT.
Bargaining, Reputation, and Equilibrium Selection in Repeated Games (joint with Dilip Abreu)

By arriving at self-enforcing agreements, agents in an ongoing strategic situation create surplus that bene.ts them both. Little is known about how that surplus will be divided. This paper concerns the role of reputation formation in such environments. It studies a model in which players entertain the slight possibility that their opponents may be one of a variety of behavioral types. When players can move frequently, a continuity requirement together with a weakening of subgame consistency yield a unique solution to the surplus division problem. The solution coincides with the “Nash bargaining with threats” outcome of the stage game. ¤We wish to thank Yuliy Sannikov and Timothy Van Zandt for helpful comments on an earlier draft. We are grateful to the National Science Foundation (grant #003693). This paper grew out of ideas developed when the authors were visiting the Russell Sage Foundation. yPrinceton University zYale University
Central sensitization patients present different characteristics compared with other musculoskeletal patients: A case–control study

Abstract The aims of this study were to identify the prevalence of a clinical dominance of musculoskeletal pain type and to compare pain characteristics among patients with musculoskeletal disorders. A case-sectional study was conducted at a physiotherapy outpatient service in 149 consecutive patients with complaints of musculoskeletal pain. Participants completed a sociodemographic and pain characteristics questionnaire. The dominance of nociceptive (NO), peripheral neuropathic (PN) and central sensitization (CS) mechanisms of musculoskeletal pain was based on clinical classification. The most prevalent clinical predominance was NO pain (53.57%), followed by PN (25.00%) and CS (21.43%). Age, gender and sedentary behaviour did not show differences between pain groups. Patients with CS predominance had a higher number of separated areas (CS 8.1 vs NO 3.0 vs PN 4.9; p < 0.001) and widespread pain (CS 0.52 cm2 vs NO 0.14 cm2 vs PN 0.28 cm2; p = 0.001). Patients with CS predominance had an average pain intensity of 7.90, and the majority of patients were classified as having severe pain. In conclusion, patients with a predominance of CS pain showed higher pain intensity, pain duration and number of pain areas and more widespread pain than those with PN and NO. Chronicity of pain is not sufficient to distinguish CS predominance.
A reexamination of the roles of typicality and category dominance in verifying category membership

Four partiaI replications of Chumbley's (1986) speeded category verification experiments were performed in order to test the generality of his finding that category dominance, but not typicality, uniquely accounted for highly significant amounts of category verification reaction time (RT) for both exemplar-category (E-C) and category-exemplar (C-E) orders.
Developmental differences in study behavior

This study is a developmental examination of strategy instruction and the context that promotes when and how strategy instruction is maximized. The 4 experimental manipulations included comparisons between 2 strategy conditions, familiar and unfamiliar text, dyad versus individual study, and 4 age groups (M = 10.5, 14.7, 19.9, and 21.9 years). The 486 students from Grades 5-6, and 9-10 and 1st- and 4th-year university were assigned randomly to 1 strategy condition (self-study or elaborative interrogation) and 1 study context (dyad or individual). Participants studied and recalled 60 facts about familiar and unfamiliar animals. Explicit instruction in elaborative interrogation promoted memory performance, especially in the younger population. Studying in dyads enhanced memory and quality of study across age. To enhance text learning performance, students should be given explicit strategy instruction and should study interactively with their peers.
Stakeholders' Arguments for and against Moving Swedish Substance abuse Treatment to the Health Care System: How a Fat Reform Proposal became a Thin Government Bill

Background Far-reaching changes in the Swedish substance abuse treatment system (SAT) were proposed by a state-commissioned inquiry in 2011. The proposal implied a break with the social tradition of SAT. It was suggested that the treatment responsibility should be transferred from the municipal social services to the regional-level health care system; and that compulsory treatment in its present form (assessed by/paid for by social services, run by the state) should be abolished and become incorporated into coercive psychiatric care provided by health care. A lively debate arose, and the vast majority of stakeholders sought to articulate their arguments. Aim The study analysed the development of Swedish SAT by examining the policy process from reform proposal to government bill in 2013. Method Content analysis was used to analyse written comments on the proposal submitted to the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs by close to 200 stakeholders. The goal was to empirically chart and examine the arguments for and against as well as advocates and opponents of the reform. With the government bill at hand, we retrospectively sorted out the winning arguments in the now highly contested SAT field and which actors were able to influence the process. Conclusions The article discloses that the mixed response and rather critical voices in most groups, including social/medical professions and government bureaucracy, helped block the responsibility shifts, and that reformations of subsystems like SAT are difficult to carry out as freestanding projects within larger systems of social and health care.
'Adding Legs to a Snake": A Reanalysis of Motivation and the Pursuit of Happiness From a Zen Buddhist Perspective

Current theories of motivation provide insightful discussions of why people behave as they do. In addition, the research studies surrounding these theories provide insights that can help people move toward the goals of greater competence, autonomy, and relatedness. However, these theories cannot lead to realization of what is widely considered the most fundamental goal of humanity: underlying contentment. In this article, a Zen Buddhist perspective is presented that illuminates some problematic aspects of current theories of motivation. The article also presents the way in which Zen Buddhism avoids these problems and points toward contentment (whether linked to Buddhist doctrine or not). The article closes with educational implications of a Zen Buddhist perspective.
Conversational conventions, order of information acquisition, and the effect of base rates and individuating information on social judgments.

Numerous studies have shown that people underuse base-rate information in making social judgments and rely instead almost exclusively on individuating information. Seven studies reported here demonstrate that this occurred partly because most past studies gave subjects hase-rate information before giving them individuating information. A recency effect in the use of base-rate and individuating information is demonstrated using a set of reasoning problems of varying character. The recency effect is shown to be the result of subjects' inferences (based on conversational conventions) that the experimenter believes that subjects should rely most on the piece of information presented last. Additional evidence discredits the hypothesis that the recency effect is due to heightened availability of more recently acquired information in memory. One of the most engaging topics of research in social cognition has been the impact of base-rate information on social judgments. Numerous empirical studies have compared the impact of base-rate information with the impact of individuating information about a person on assessments of the person's category membership or likely future behavior. Although early research suggested that individuating information overwhelms base-rate information (e.g., Kahneman & Tversky, 1973; Nisbett & Borgida, 1975), later studies revealed that base-rate information can have substantial impact when the base rate is derived from a representative sample (Wells & Harvey, 1977), when the individuating information lacks credibility (Schwarz, Strack, Hilton, & Naderer, in press), when the base rate has strong causal implications (Ajzen, 1977), when people bring a scientific orientation to a problem (Zukier & Pepitone, 1984), or when inferential rules suggesting the use of base rates have been activated (Ginossar & Trope, 1987). Our focus in this article is on another factor that may regulate the impact of base-rate information: the order in which the base rate and individuating information is acquired by a judge. A majority of the studies that have documented underuse of base rates in social prediction tasks presented subjects with the baseSome of the research reported here constituted a portion of a master's thesis submitted by Fan Li to Ohio State University. Some of the studies reported here were presented at the 1988 annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago. This research was supported, in part, by NSERC Grant 87-1715 to Darrin R. Lehman. We wish to express our thanks to Ray Corteen, Eric Eich, Geoff Fong, Michael Geis, Rich Jagacinski, Tom Ostrom, and especially Denis Hilton for helpful comments. We also thank Jim Ashenhurst, who collaborated with us in conducting Study 2, and Tanya Gabille, who collaborated with us in conducting Study 6. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Jon
C-Reactive Protein Polymorphism and Serum Levels as an Independent Risk Factor in Sickle Cell Disease

This study explored the relationship of a dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the intron of the CRP gene and serum CRP levels as independent risk factors for end-organ dysfunction (mild vs. severe) in adults with sickle cell disease. The pathogenesis of secondary complications of sickle cell disease is complex and poorly understood. Predicting the severity of these complications could assist in therapeutic decisionmaking. The study measured serum CRP levels and the number of CA intron repeats located on the CRP gene in 29 adults (31.74 ± 11.54 years) with sickle cell disease The hemoglobin genotypes were distributed as Hgb SS 48.6% (17 of n = 29), Hgb SC 20.0% (7 of n = 29), Sβ° 10.3% (3 of n = 29), and Sβ 6.9% (2 of n = 29). The sample was categorized as mild (n = 9) no end-organ dysfunction vs. severe (n = 21) documented end-organ dysfunction. The severe group was sub-categorized by specific organ dysfunctions, 9 with pulmonary hypertension, 6 with renal dysfunction and 6 with cerebral vascular accident. Examination of serum CRP levels found no significant association with severe end-stage organ dysfunction. There was no significant association between serum CRP level and the polymorphism. However, a significant negative correlation (rho = -0.401, p = 0.031) was found between glomerular filtration rates and CA repeats (≥17). Previous studies have found an association of genetic variations in the CRP gene polymorphism to serum CRP levels. While this pilot study found no evidence of this association, the findings provide some rationale for further investigation of the repeat polymorphism in the CRP gene and its association with renal end-organ dysfunction.
SH2-B expression in colon cancer and its clinical significance

【Objective】To investigate the expression profile of SH2-B in colon carcinogenesis and analyze the relationship of SH2-B expression and colon cancer clinical stages or metastasis. 【Methods】Using immunohistochemistry assay,SH2-B expression was detected in 69 cases of colon cancer,including 11 cases of stage Ⅰ,22 of stage Ⅱ,19 of stage Ⅲ and 17 of stage Ⅳ,27 of colonic adenomas,29 of colonic polyps and 38 of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.The relationship of SH2-B expression and colon cancer clinic was analyzed. 【Results】SH2-B expressed in cytoplast and cytoplasm of colonic polyps,colonic adenoma and colon cancer tissues,mainly located in cytoplasm.The positive rate was 31% in colon polyps(9/29),52% in colonic adenoma(14/27),and 93% in colon cancer tissue(27/29). Positive cell rate in colon cancer tissues(0.64 ±0.26) was significantly higher than that in colon polyps(0.12±0.21) and colon adenoma tissues(0.26±0.27)(P 0.001),colonic adenomas was significantly higher than colon polyps(P 0.05). The positive rates of stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ were 18.2 %(2/11),45.4 %(10/22),57.9%(11/19) and 82.3%(14/17),respectively.SH2-B gradually increased along with stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ. SH2-B expression was associated with clinic stages.The positive rates of metastasis and no metastasis were respectively 23.5%(8/34) and 45.7%(16/35),the positive rate was higher in metastasis than no metastasis(P 0.05). 【Conclusion】SH2-B expression gradually increased in colon carcinogenesis.This implies that SH2-B over-expression is an early event.It is also associated with colon cancer clinical stages,and might involve in colon cancer metastasis.
Criterion-Related Validity of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory in a Prison Sample

The Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; S. O. Lilienfeld & B. P. Andrews, 1996), a self-report measure of psychopathic personality features, and R. D. Hare's (1991) Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) were administered to adult youthful offender prison inmates (N = 50). As hypothesized, PPI scores were significantly correlated with scores on the PCL-R, providing evidence of concurrent validity for the PPI. Moreover, unlike existing self-report psychopathy measures, the PPI showed a moderate and positive correlation with PCL-R Factor 1 (i.e., the core personality traits of psychopathy). Discriminant function analysis using the optimal PPI total score value to predict PCL-R classifications of psychopath (n = 10) and nonpsychopath (n = 40) resulted in accurate classification of 86% of the cases (sensitivity =.50, specificity =.95). Results are discussed in terms of the relative merits of these 2 measures of psychopathy and the validation of the PPI for clinical use.
What determines initial feeling of knowing? Familiarity with question terms, not with the answer

How do people know whether they have an answer to a question before they actually find it in their memory? We conducted 2 experiments exploring this question, in which Ss were trained on relatively novel 2-digit×2-digit arithmetic problems (e.g., 23×27). Before answering each problem, Ss made a quick feeling of knowing judgment as to whether they could directly retrieve the answer from memory or had to compute it
Pygmalion goes to work : the effects of supervisor expectations in a retail setting

Etude de l'ampleur de l'effet pygmalion en organisation sur une periode de 3 mois. Les sujets sont de nouveaux associes location-vente et leur superieur vente de premier echelon. Prise en compte du facteur sexe dans cet effet, comparaison au meme effet dans les domaines traditionnels: scolaire et militaire
An exploration of the measurement of resilience in palliative care workers

Resilience is a concept associated with the idea that some people seem to readily bounce back from adverse experiences. In order to identify the best methods to develop and sustain resilience in palliative care workers there is a need for greater understanding of how to measure the resilience construct. Despite an abundance of resilience models and theories, there is very little consensus on how resilience should be operationalised and measured. Furthermore, there are no empirical studies that explore the measurement of resilience as it pertains to the unique demands of the palliative care setting. Therefore this thesis presents four studies designed to explore the measurement of resilience in palliative care workers. All studies took place within the context of the UK palliative care sector using adult samples working in hospices, acute wards, and community settings. The first study was a systematic and methodological review of resilience measurement scales to understand how resilience is currently being conceptualised in the peer reviewed literature. The second study explored how resilience is currently operationalised through a joint factor analysis of resilience scales identified in Study One using a sample of human service (n=361) and palliative care (n=245) workers. The third study explored behaviours associated with resilience from the perspective of palliative care workers using template analysis (n=36). Results indicated that in addition to intrapersonal and interpersonal resources, palliative care workers identified procedural knowledge as a key resilience resource. Therefore, the fourth and final study presents the development and validation of a situational judgment test designed to measure a procedural knowledge resource associated with resilience in palliative care workers using a sample of subject matter experts (n=21), hospice workers (n=36), and workers from across the palliative care domain (244). Overall, findings suggest that due to the over-reliance on self-report resilience questionnaires there is a tendency to measure resilience as a trait rather than a person-situation interaction. In response to this, a new measurement approach was explored using a situational judgment test method. In the final chapter the overall findings are discussed in relation to both their theoretical and practical implications; and finally some directions for future research are suggested.
Evasão dos pacientes nos acompanhamentos nos serviços de saúde auditiva: identificação sobre o motivo e resultados pós-adaptação de aparelho de amplificação sonora individual

OBJETIVO: identificar o motivo da ausencia no acompanhamento audiologico dos usuarios de aparelhos de amplificacao sonora individual do Sistema Unico de Saude e analisar o resultado da adaptacao do dispositivo nesta populacao. METODO: entrevista com 27 pacientes faltosos, realizando questoes abertas sobre o motivo da ausencia no atendimento e aplicacao do Questionario Internacional de Aparelho de Amplificacao Sonora Individual, para avaliacao dos resultados pos-adaptacao. A comparacao dos resultados pos-adaptacao dos pacientes faltosos foi realizada a partir da selecao aleatoria de 30 questionarios, de pacientes que compareceram no acompanhamento audiologico da Instituicao, cadastrados em um banco de dados. Para analise dos resultados foi aplicada estatistica descritiva e inferencial. RESULTADOS: a maioria dos faltosos (25,92%) refere nao ter lembrado da data do retorno. Os resultados comparativos do questionario entre os grupos de faltosos e nao faltosos evidenciam diferencas estatisticamente significantes em quase todos os dominios do questionario de auto-avaliacao, exceto nos itens beneficio, restricao da participacao e qualidade de vida. CONCLUSAO: dentre os motivos do nao comparecimento ao servico, destacam-se: esquecimento do atendimento, problemas de saude e motivos de trabalho. Foi observado que os pacientes que nao compareceram ao acompanhamento audiologico apresentam resultados pos-adaptacao de aparelho de amplificacao sonora individual aquem aos resultados dos pacientes que compareceram ao acompanhamento, de forma estatisticamente significante.
A combined immersed boundary/phase-field method for simulating two-phase pipe flows

The investigation of the flow in a pipe is a major issue for the pipeline capacity but also plays an important role for the control and prevention of phenomena that could damage the pipe, such as corrosion, erosion, and the potential formation of wax or their deposits. Therefore, the characterization of the flow patterns is also a major issue for the prediction of the distribution over the cross-section of the pipe, in order to understand any problems that may interrupt or shut down the operation of the production line. The main purpose of the present effort is to develop an appropriate numerical method for simulating two-phase pipe flows. Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods are employed as Navier-Stokes solver, while a Phase-Field method is used to simulate the interfacial region between the two fluids. A Ghost-Cell Immersed Boundary Method (GCIBM) was developed and implemented for the reconstruction of smooth rigid boundaries (pipe wall) based on the work of Tseng and Ferziger (2003). The method was also modified in order to incorporate appropriate boundary conditions for coupling the Phase-Field and Navier-Stokes solvers for two-phase pipe flows. Tseng and Ferziger (2003) used the GCIBM for turbulent single-phase flows; the present modified version comprises a continuation of the method for handling two-phase pipe flows. The computational model is capable of handling large density and viscosity ratios with good accuracy. The developed GCIBM algorithm was validated against analytical solutions for singleand two-phase pipe flow, presenting very good agreement. The computational model was compared to available experimental data from the literature for single rising bubbles and bubble coalescence in vertical pipe also with good agreement. The numerical method was used to investigate the lateral wall effects of a 3-D single bubble in a viscous liquid for