Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resistance of Ampicillin, Ceftazidime, and Cefotaxime in Poultry’s Escherichia coli

Beta-lactam antibiotics are important antibiotics that are widely used in the field of human and animal health. Ampicillin resistance has been widely reported. Another increase in resistance is 3rd generation cephalosporins. The purpose of this study was to compare the ampicillin resistance profiles in 2019 and 2021 in the same E. coli isolates and to determine the resistance profiles of ampicillin, ceftazidime, and cefotaxime in live chicken E. coli. The research stages were the preparation of isolates; culture on differential selective media and checking the uniformity of bacterial cell morphology; biochemical test; bacterial DNA extraction; uspA gene amplification; visualization of amplification results; manufacture of bacterial suspensions; Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion resistance test; measurement of inhibition zones and determination of isolate status; and compared the ampicillin resistance test data. All isolates were confirmed positive for E. coli. The uspA gene (884 bp) was detected in all isolates. Ampicillin resistance in 2019 and 2021 in the same E. coli isolates when compared, there was no difference. Resistance test showed E. coli was resistant to ampicillin (100%), ceftazidime (15.4%), and cefotaxime (64.5%). The conclusion of the study was that there was no difference between the ampicillin resistance in 2019 and 2021 in E. coli isolates. Escherichia coli in this study had the highest resistance profile to ampicillin, followed by cefotaxime, and the lowest was ceftazidime.
Reproducibility of rapid diagnostic tests for Trypanosoma cruzi infection in endemic areas of Colombia Reproducibilidad de pruebas de diagnóstico rápido de la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi en áreas endémicas de Colombia

1 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Atribution–NonComercial 4.0 License RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermedad de Chagas es una enfermedad desatendida de interés en salud pública por su carga social y económica. Identificar personas infectadas y enfermas con el mal de Chagas constituye el primer paso para alcanzar los objetivos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para el 2020. Objetivo: Evaluar la reproducibilidad de una prueba de diagnóstico rápida para la detección de anticuerpos contra T. cruzi; y proponer un algoritmo de diagnóstico para enfermedad de Chagas bajo el concepto de uso de tecnologías en el lugar de atención en áreas de acceso limitados a los servicios de salud. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal para la detección de anticuerpos para T. cruzi a 151 indígenas voluntarios pertenecientes a tres grupos étnicos de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Se implementó pruebas rápidas-PDR SD BIOLINE Chagas Ab en campo versus la confirmación en el laboratorio mediante dos métodos serológicos estandarizados (ELISAs). Resultados: Se encontró el 19,2 % de seroreactividad para T. cruzi entre toda la población estudiada. La tasa más alta de infección humana por T. cruzi se detectó en la comunidad Wiwa. No hubo diferencias significativas entre la prueba de diagnóstico rápida y las técnicas estandarizadas (ELISAS). La sensibilidad, especificidad y concordancia para la PDR fue del 100 % (Kappa: 1,0). Conclusiones: La Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta continúa siendo un área hiperendémica para la enfermedad de Chagas. Dado que es un área de difícil acceso, con baja o nula cobertura en atención primaria en salud, la prueba de diagnóstico rápida evaluada se convierte en una herramienta útil como prueba de elección para programas de tamización y definir planes de acción de tratamiento y control, y representa el primer acercamiento de uso de tecnologías en el sitio de atención para el diagnóstico rápido en países endémicos para la enfermedad.
On the Breeds of Cattle—Historic and Current Classifications

Classification of cattle breeds contributes to our understanding of the history of cattle and is essential for an effective conservation of genetic diversity. Here we review the various classifications over the last two centuries and compare the most recent classifications with genetic data. The classifications devised during the 19th to the late 20th century were in line with the Linnaean taxonomy and emphasized cranial or horn morphology. Subsequent classifications were based on coat color, geographic origin or molecular markers. Several theories were developed that linked breed characteristics either to a supposed ancestral aurochs subspecies or to a presumed ethnic origin. Most of the older classifications have now been discarded, but have introduced several Latin terms that are still in use. The most consistent classification was proposed in 1995 by Felius and emphasizes the geographic origin of breeds. This is largely in agreement with the breed clusters indicated by a biochemical and molecular genetic analysis, which reflect either groups of breeds with a common geographic origin or single breeds that have expanded by export and/or crossbreeding. We propose that this information is also relevant for managing the genetic diversity of cattle.
Albassam, Waleed M. and Ntim, Collins G. The effect of Islamic values on voluntary corporate governance disclosure: The case of Saudi listed firms

Purpose – The study examines the effect of Islamic values on the extent of voluntary corporate governance (CG) disclosure. In addition, we investigate the effect of traditional ownership structure and CG mechanisms on the extent of voluntary CG disclosure. Design/methodology/approach – We distinctively construct Islamic values and voluntary CG disclosure indices using a sample of 75 Saudi listed firms over a seven-year period in conducting multivariate regressions of the effect of Islamic values on the extent of voluntary CG disclosure. Our analyses are robust to controlling for firm-level characteristics, fixed-effects, endogeneities and alternative measures. Findings – We find that corporations that depict greater commitment towards incorporating Islamic values into their operations through high Islamic values disclosure index score engage in higher voluntary CG disclosures than those that are not. Additionally, we find that audit firm size, board size, government ownership, institutional ownership and the presence of a CG committee are positively associated with the level of voluntary CG disclosure, whilst block ownership is negatively associated with the extent of voluntary CG disclosure. Practical implications – Our study has clear practical implications for future research, practice and broader society by demonstrating empirically that corporations that voluntarily incorporate Islamic values into their operations are more likely to be transparent about their CG practices, and thereby providing new crucial insights on the effect of Islamic values on voluntary CG compliance and disclosure. Originality – To the best of our knowledge, this is the first empirical attempt at explicitly examining the effect of Islamic values on the extent of voluntary CG disclosure. We also offer evidence on the effect of traditional CG and ownership structures on the extent of voluntary CG disclosure.
Predictive Learning Analytics and University Teachers: Usage and perceptions three years post implementation

Predictive learning analytics (PLA) dashboards have been used by teachers to identify students at risk of failing their studies and provide proactive support. Yet, very few of them have been deployed at a large scale or had their use studied at a mature level of implementation. In this study, we surveyed 366 distance learning university teachers across four faculties three years after PLA has been made available across university as business as usual. Informed by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), we present a context-specific version of UTAUT that reflects teachers’ perceptions of PLA in distance learning higher education. The adoption and use of PLA was shown to be positively influenced by less experience in teaching, performance expectancy, self-efficacy, positive attitudes, and low anxiety, while negatively influenced by a lack of facilitating conditions and low effort expectancy, indicating that the type of technology and context within which it is used are significant factors determining our understanding of technology usage and adoption. This study provides significant insights as to how to design, apply and implement PLA with teachers in higher education.
Critical path length for the similarity of elastic multiple scattering processes

Multiple scattering processes characterized by or scaled to equal transport mean free path λtr are expected to give similar results (e.g., approximately equal particle distributions in space) at sufficiently large path lengths. By means of the Monte Carlo method, it is shown that the spatial and angular distributions generated by different elastic scattering processes with equal λtr clearly converge to similarity with increasing path length. The critical path length required for evident similarity is of order of magnitude such that the processes are at least plural. For scattering geometries where the effect of single large angle scattering is appreciable, the validity of this plural scattering condition may be restricted to suitably chosen scattering cross sections. Applications to electron penetration through matter are briefly discussed.
Weather And Death On Mount Everest: An Analysis Of The Into Thin Air Storm

Scientific interest in Mount Everest has been largely focused on the physiology of hypoxia caused by the summit's low barometric pressure. Although weather is recognized as a significant risk for climbers on the mountain, it has not been extensively studied. In this paper, we reconstruct the meteorological conditions associated with the deadly outbreak of high-impact weather on Mount Everest that occurred in May 1996 and was the subject of the best-selling book Into Thin Air. The authors show that during this event, two jet streaks—an upper-level shortwave trough and an intrusion of stratospheric air into the upper troposphere—were present in the vicinity of Mount Everest. Meanwhile, in the lower troposphere, there was convergence of water vapor transport from both the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal into the region to the south of Mount Everest. The authors propose that the ageostrophic circulation associated with the upper-level features resulted in a region of large-scale ascent near Mount Everest th.
Photocatalytic thin Films Prepared by Plasma Curing of Non‐Reactive Siloxane Dispersions Containing TiO2 Particles

Photocatalytic TiO2 layers prepared by PVD or CVD processes are already produced industrially. The deposited TiO2 needs a sufficiently high concentration of the photocatalytically active anatase phase which is produced at higher substrate temperature. As a consequence, the PVD/CVD techniques are limited to heat‐resistant substrates. A novel approach for plasma hybrid coating technology is presented here using the advantages of a cold low‐pressure plasma process in combination with non‐reactive siloxane (polydimethylsiloxane – PDMS) dispersions containing sub‐micron TiO2 particles for surface functionalisation. As the result, a mechanically stable composite film containing TiO2 particles with a diameter of up to several times the average coating thickness is generated. The film consists of a top SiO2‐like surface layer and, depending on the initial film thickness, an underlying gradually demethylated and crosslinked siloxane. Although the TiO2 particles are partially covered by a thin matrix layer of several nanometres, the thin coating shows photocatalytic activity as demonstrated by UV‐degradation of methylene blue. The photocatalytic activity depends on the TiO2 particle concentration in the film and can be further enhanced by exposing the TiO2 surface by CF4 plasma etching of the composite film (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
(2060) Chiron: Evidence for Activity near Aphelion

Abstract Photographic photometry of (2060) Chiron was carried out using a set of archival plates taken between 1969 and 1977. The data reveal an extensive interval of brightening, presumably due to an increase in cometary activity, when Chiron was near aphelion. This activity substantially exceeded, in both magnitude and duration, the activity observed as Chiron approached perihelion near the end of the 1980s.
A unified stability analysis for linear regulator and servomechanism problems

This paper is concerned with the analysis of the stability common to linear regulator and servomechanism problems, called comprehensive stability, in a unified framework. The necessary and sufficient condition is derived and the parameterization of a class of controllers satisfying such stability given. This work is believed to lay a foundation for a unified theory of regulator and servomechanism. <<ETX>>
A DYNAMICAL STUDY OF SUSPECTED RUNAWAY STARS AS TRACES OF PAST SUPERNOVA EXPLOSIONS IN THE REGION OF THE SCORPIUS–CENTAURUS OB ASSOCIATION

We address the question of identifying possible past supernovae events taking place in the region of the Scorpius–Centaurus (Sco–Cen) OB association based on stars proposed by Hoogerwerf et al. With this purpose, we obtained a time series of high-resolution spectra of six stars (HIP 42038, HIP 46950, HIP 48943, HIP 69491, HIP 76013, and HIP 82868) which, according to Hoogerwerf et al., may have been runaway stars with origins in the region of the Sco–Cen association. This also includes the nearby young open clusters IC 2391 and IC 2602. If confirmed, such supernovae events could, in principle, have played a role in triggering the formation of some small stellar groups thought to be associated with the Sco–Cen association. Our analysis shows that, except for HIP 48943, the remaining stars are spectroscopic binary systems. For HIP 46950 and HIP 69491, this was already noted by other authors. Our high-resolution spectra allowed us to obtain the radial velocities for all the stars which, combined with their proper motions and parallaxes from Hipparcos, provide a means to investigate, by retracing their orbits, if the Sco–Cen region was, in fact, the origin of these stars. We find that none of these systems originated in the Sco–Cen region. Exploring the possibility that the birthplace of the studied stars occurred in the clusters IC 2391 and IC 2602, we noticed that at the epoch of 2–3 Myr ago these clusters were at a distance comparable with their tidal radii.
Trends in stroke, cardiovascular disease, and medical expenditure under a community-based long-term stroke prevention program

Background: Evidence on the effects of preventive measures for noncommunicable disease is urgently needed for low-income and middle-income countries suffering from stroke epidemics along with population aging. Objectives: We sought to examine the impact of a community-based stroke prevention program on incidences of stroke and ischemic heart disease, mortality from cardiovascular disease, and medical expenditure. Methods: Trends in the incidences of stroke and ischemic heart disease were documented in a Japanese rural community, Kyowa, from 1981 through 2015. Trends in mortality from cardiovascular disease and in medical expenditures were compared between Kyowa and its surrounding municipalities from 1981 through 2004. Results: In Kyowa, the age-and-sex-adjusted incidences of stroke and of ischemic heart disease decreased by half (from 4.1 to 1.9 and from 1.5 to 0.7 per year/1000 persons, respectively) over the past 35 years. A similar decreasing trend was observed for the age-and-sex-adjusted mortality from cardiovascular disease, and this decreasing trend occurred earlier than that in the surrounding municipalities. The medical expenditures for cardiovascular disease became lower in Kyowa than in the surrounding municipalities over time. Conclusion: Our study's findings suggest that a community-based stroke prevention program augmented the decline in the incidences of stroke and ischemic heart disease, mortality from cardiovascular disease, and attenuated the increase in medical expenditures for cardiovascular disease.
Cold Atomic Gas in the Small Magellanic Cloud

In this project, we determine the mixture of thermal phases in the atomic medium of the Small Magellanic Cloud. The larger purpose is to study the difference in properties of the interstellar medium in a dwarf irregular galaxy compared with the Milky Way. The observations used the Australia Telescope Compact Array to measure absorption spectra of the 21 cm line through the SMC, for comparison with 21 cm emission spectra from a combination of data from the Parkes and Compact Array telescopes. Using the two together, we find the abundance of cool-phase gas to be less than 15% of the total H I. Thus, the cool-phase gas is very scarce, only about half as abundant relative to the total H I as in the solar neighborhood, a lower figure than that found in the LMC, M31, M33, or the solar neighborhood of the Milky Way. This is in qualitative agreement with the heating/cooling equilibrium calculations for conditions in a dwarf irregular galaxy. In addition, we find the temperature of the cool-phase clouds to be very low, typically 40 K or less. This is much less than the nominal diffuse cloud temperature in the Milky Way (50-100 K). This suggests that the H I may be more abundant in dense cold clouds in the SMC than in the Milky Way, where clouds of similar density and temperature are largely molecular.
Exploiting an ensemble of regional climate models to provide robust estimates of projected changes in monthly temperature and precipitation probability distribution functions

Abstract Regional climate models (RCMs) are dynamical downscaling tools aimed to improve the modelling of local physical processes. Ensembles of RCMs are widely used to improve the coarse-grain estimates of global climate models (GCMs) since the use of several RCMs helps to palliate uncertainties arising from different dynamical cores and numerical schemes methods. In this paper, we analyse the differences and similarities in the climate change response for an ensemble of heterogeneous RCMs forced by one GCM (HadAM3H), and one emissions scenario (IPCC’s SRES-A2 scenario). As a difference with previous approaches using PRUDENCE database, the statistical description of climate characteristics is made through the spatial and temporal aggregation of the RCMs outputs into probability distribution functions (PDF) of monthly values. This procedure is a complementary approach to conventional seasonal analyses. Our results provide new, stronger evidence on expected marked regional differences in Europe in the A2 scenario in terms of precipitation and temperature changes. While we found an overall increase in the mean temperature and extreme values, we also found mixed regional differences for precipitation.
Optical vibrons in CdSe dots and dispersion relation of the bulk material

We examine the dependence on size distribution of the Raman line shape of optical vibron modes in CdSe dots. A detailed comparison with the theory of electron-hole correlated Raman scattering in spherical quantum dots, which includes LO-confined modes, is carried out. The obtained CdSe vibron frequencies are found to map well on the ab initio calculated LO phonon dispersion relations of wurtzite CdSe along the [001] direction of the Brillouin zone.
A hybrid estimator in nonlinear and generalised linear mixed effects models

A hybrid method that combines Laplace's approximation and Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate integrals in the likelihood function is proposed for estimation of the parameters in nonlinear mixed effects models that assume a normal parametric family for the random effects. Simulations show that these parametric estimates of fixed effects are close to the nonparametric estimates even though the mixing distribution is far from the assumed normal parametric family. An asymptotic theory of this hybrid method for parametric estimation without requiring the true mixing distribution to belong to the assumed parametric family is developed to explain these results. This hybrid method and its asymptotic theory are also extended to generalised linear mixed effects models. Copyright Biometrika Trust 2003, Oxford University Press.
Direct determination by nuclear magnetic resonance of the thixotropic and yielding behavior of suspensions

We carried out coupled, controlled velocity, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-rheometry experiments with colloidal suspensions. For not too high relative velocity of the tools (< 70 rpm), the velocity profiles between coaxial cylinders are composed of two parts: close to the inner cylinder the fluid is sheared at a rate larger than a critical, finite value (in contrast with the behavior of an ideal yield stress fluid) while the fluid is not sheared at all close to the outer cylinder. Even in the steady state the position (critical radius) of the interface between these two regions depends on previous flow history. In particular it decreases with the time of preliminary rest, while the critical shear rate and shear stress along the interface increase because of fluid restructuring in the static region. Using a new MRI procedure the velocity profiles have also been recorded during transient tests. We thus could observe the displacement of the critical radius in time after sudden changes of the imposed rotat.
Mechanism of magnetic flux trapping on superconducting bulk magnetized by pulsed field using a vortex-type coil

Numerical simulations of trapped field Bz and temperature T have been performed for a cryo-cooled superconducting bulk disc after applying a magnetic pulse using a vortex-type coil. Results of the simulation qualitatively reproduced experimental results reported by Ida et al (2004 Physica C 412–414 638). Using the vortex-type coil, the magnetic flux does not intrude into the bulk from the periphery but intrudes from both surfaces of the bulk disc. The temperature rise was less than that obtained when using a conventional solenoid coil. The effect of the trapped field enhancement using a long pulse application is small, which suggests that down-sizing of the condenser bank used for the pulsed field magnetization is possible and that the use of the vortex-type coil is desirable for practical applications.
Optimizing Input Data for Gridding Climate Normals for Canada

AbstractSpatial models of 1971–2000 monthly climate normals for daily maximum and minimum temperature and total precipitation are required for many applications. The World Meteorological Organization’s recommended standard for the calculation of a normal value is a complete 30-yr record with a minimal amount of missing data. Only 650 stations (~16%) in Canada meet this criterion for the period 1971–2000. Thin-plate smoothing-spline analyses, as implemented by the Australian National University Splines (ANUSPLIN) package, are used to assess the utility of differing amounts of station data in estimating nationwide monthly climate normals. The data include 1) only those stations (1169) with 20 or more years of data, 2) all stations (3835) with 5 or more years of data in at least one month, and 3) as in case 2 but with data adjusted through the most statistically significant linear-regression relationship with a nearby long-term station to 20 or more years (3983 stations). Withheld-station tests indicate that.