Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pb Ages of Detrital Zircons In Relation To Geodynamic Evolution: Paleozoic of the Northern Gemericum (Western Carpathians, Slovakia)

Abstract New U-Pb sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) detrital-zircon ages from early Paleozoic to Permian siliciclastic metasediments are used to constrain provenance and paleogeographic affinity of the Northern Gemericum Unit (NGU) in the Western Carpathians (Central Europe). The samples span the time period from ∼ 480 Ma to ∼ 260 Ma and permit the recognition of provenance changes that reflect the realm's geodynamic evolution. The detrital-zircon age spectrum of one early Paleozoic sample resembles the Neoproterozoic and Archean ages of the Cadomian belt (550–650 Ma) and the West African craton provenances (1.8–2.7 Ga). The origin of the early Paleozoic NGU (Rakovec) basin is inferred to be the rifting as followed by back-arc spreading which occurred at the Cambrian–Ordovician boundary (ca. 480 Ma), as continental pieces started to split off from the Gondwanan margin. The deformation and closure of the early Paleozoic basin is coincident with the 355 Ma peak of the post-Tournaisian detrital-zircon age assemblage. The detrital-zircon age spectra of two post-Mississippian and two post-Artinskian samples indicate high exhumation and erosion rates in the Variscan collision belt. Pennsylvanian–Permian sedimentary troughs, formed between 318 and 275 Ma, record contemporaneous unroofing of the Variscan collision belt and magmatic activity during post-orogenic transtensional tectonics. Zircon age spectra reflect these three Paleozoic (480–419 Ma, 340–380 Ma, 320–275 Ma) tectono-thermal events and permit the recognition of provenances, both of which supporting the interpreted changes in geotectonic regime from Ordovician rifting to Variscan compression and the subsequent extension. The zircon age data constrain the provenance linkage of the low-grade NGU basement to the Cadomian fragments within the West-European Variscides.
Diurnal variations of mesospheric ozone obtained by ground‐based microwave radiometry

From December 1986 until April 1987 ground-based microwave observations of the diurnal variation of mesospheric ozone were made over Bern, Switzerland. These data were of sufficient quality to define the characteristic diurnal behavior of the ozone mixing ratio during winter and equinoctial conditions. The observed diurnal variation of ozone peaks at ∼74 km, where its amplitude is about a factor of 6. At 65 km the observed diurnal variation is a factor of 3, whereas at 55 km it is only a factor of 1.4. One-dimensional model calculations accurately reproduce the relative diurnal variation of ozone at equinox, suggesting that the model value of the ozone photolysis rate coefficient is accurate to better than 10%. For winter conditions, however, the model underpredicts the observed relative diurnal variation by a factor of 2; a major part of this discrepancy is due to an observed postmidnight increase in ozone. Various suggested changes in model parameters to better reproduce the ozone abundance vertical profile result in only small differences in the relative diurnal variation, indicating that these observations do not provide a sensitive test of the mesopheric chemistry controlling the abundance of odd oxygen.
Exceptionally preserved ostracodes from a Middle Miocene palaeolake, California, USA

Abstract: Exceptionally well-preserved specimens of a new cypridid ostracode (Crustacea), Raepula ira sp. nov., are described from palaeolake sediments of the Middle Miocene Barstow Formation of the Mud Hills, southern California. This is only the second occurrence of exceptionally preserved ostracodes from the Miocene. Based on ages obtained from associated volcanic tuffs the palaeolake sediments were deposited between 16.3 and 15.8 Ma. The ostracodes form one element of a diverse lake community dominated by fairy shrimps, copepods, diatoms, larvae of diving beetles, flies and mosquitoes, and body fossils and ephippia of branchiopods and anomopods. The ostracodes are preserved three dimensionally with their soft anatomy replicated in microcrystalline silica. Submicron-scale details such as sensory setae are preserved, surpassing the resolution of most other ostracode-bearing lagerstätten and allowing their biology to be compared with extant taxa. Supplementary material: Red–blue anaglyphs of the exceptionally preserved ostracodes are available at http://www.geolsoc. org.uk/SUP18407.
Risk factors for hospital mortality in valve replacement with mechanical prosthesis.

OBJECTIVE Identification of risk factors for cardiac surgery can improve surgical results. Our aim is to identify factors related to increased hospital mortality for patients who underwent mechanical cardiac prosthesis implant. METHODS Prospective study with retrospective data acquirement study including 335 consecutive patients who underwent at least one implant of St. Jude Medical mechanical prosthesis between December 1994 and September 2005 at the Cardiology Institute of RS. Valve implants were 158 (47.1%) in aortic position, 146 (43.6%) in mitral and 31 (9.3%) in aortic and mitral. The following characteristics were analyzed in relation to hospital death: gender, age, body mass index, NYHA functional class, ejection fraction, type of valve lesion, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, serum creatinine, preoperative arrhythmias, prior heart surgery, CABG surgery, concomitant tricuspid valve surgery and operative priority (elective, urgent or emergent). Logistical regression was used to analyze data and odds-ratio was calculated for individual factors. RESULTS During the follow-up there were 13 (3.88%) deaths. In-hospital mortality risk was associated with serum creatinine (P<0.05), ejection fraction < 30% (P<0.001), mitral valve lesion (P<0.05), concomitant CABG surgery (P<0.01), prior cardiac surgery (P<0.01) and reoperation (P<0.01). Increased odd-ratio were related to previous cardiac surgery (5.36; IC95% 0.94-30.56), combined revascularization (5.28; IC95% 1.51-18.36), valvar reoperation (4.69; IC95% 0.93-23.57) and concomitant tricuspid annuloplasty (3.72; IC95% 0.75-18.30). CONCLUSION The mortality rate is within the parameters found in the literature, identifying recognized factors which neutralization by changes in surgical indication and medical management may enable risk reduction.
Large-scale laboratory tests on artificial ground freezing under seepage-flow conditions

A high seepage-flow velocity represents a potential problem for artificial ground freezing (AGF), as it may hinder the growth of an ice body and the development of a closed ice wall. To avoid such difficulties, careful thermal hydraulic analysis is necessary. This presupposes, of course, that the reliability of the underlying computational models has been verified by means of comparisons with the results of appropriate field tests or physical models. As there are scarcely any results of such tests available in the literature, a new large-scale physical model for AGF under conditions of high seepage-flow velocities has been developed. The present paper documents in detail the experimental set-up, the thermodynamic properties of the soil material, the boundary conditions, and the results of six experiments. These data are valuable as a reliable basis for the evaluation of numerical or analytical prediction models. Additionally, the paper discusses existing closed-form solutions for AGF with and without seep.
A post-collision slab-breakoff model for the orgin of the Middle Eocene magmatic rocks of the Armutlu–Almacık belt, NW Turkey and its regional implications

Abstract Middle Eocene magmatic rocks (MEMR) (49.3±2 to 38.1±1.9 Ma) formed an east–west trending belt after continental collision and rest unconformably on pre-Middle Eocene units as a common cover. The origin and tectonic setting of MEMR are controversial as both arc and post-collisional settings are proposed. We present new geological and petrological data from the western part of the belt, between the Armutlu Peninsula and the Almacık Mountains. The MEMR are represented by basic to intermediate volcanic rocks, dykes and coeval granites. The lavas exhibit a continuous trend from basalt to dacite. The MEMR as a whole display low- to medium-K subalkaline (to rarely mildly alkaline) affinities and a calc-alkaline trend. On N-type Mid Ocean Ridge Basalt-normalized spidergrams these rocks display relative enrichment in large ion lithophile elements, slight enrichment in light rare earth elements, but depletion in Ta and Nb. Geochemical data and Sr, Nd, Pb and δ18O isotope compositions, coupled with ϵNd(T) values, reveal that the MEMR magma was of hybrid type, with both depleted sub-continental lithospheric mantle and crustal components. We conclude that the MEMR was produced in a post-collisional setting, and we favour a slab-breakoff mechanism to explain this as it is consistent with the known Middle Eocene tectonic evolution of northwestern Turkey.
The deformation of the ground around surface faults

A rectangular dislocation surface (i.e., a surface across which there is a discontinuity in the displacement vector) is used as a model of a vertical transcurrent fault. The results of Steketee (1958a) are employed to derive, in analytical form, the displacement field throughout a semi-infinite elastic medium due to such a dislocation. In particular, the displacements of the surface of the medium are calculated in some detail, and contour maps of the various components are given for two representative cases. The solution to the limiting case of a fault of infinite length is also included. Methods are then discussed for the determination of the depth of a surface fault from measurements of the deformation of the ground produced by it, and these are applied to the faults associated with the Tango and North Idu earthquakes, and to the San Andreas fault. In each of these cases, the general features of the crustal deformations agree well with the predictions of the theory, and it is concluded that dislocation theory provides a good description of the effects of fracture in the earth's crust.
Lateral density anomalies in the upper mantle

The observed power spectrum of the earth's gravity field is interpreted as resulting from randomly distributed density anomalies of relatively small spatial coherence occurring throughout at least the first 800–1000 km of the mantle. The magnitude of these density anomalies is of the order of 1.7×105/(dL dr)½ g cm−3, where dL (in centimeters)is their horizontal spatial coherence and dr the vertical coherence. Most of the power in harmonics of degree ≥6 reflects heterogeneities in the first 300–400 km of the mantle. The lower-degree harmonics reflect conditions down to about 800–1000 km. Anomalies in density of the above magnitude occurring at greater depths will only contribute slightly to the nonhydrostatic potential of degrees 2 and 3. This anomalous density estimate therefore presents an upper limit to permissible values that can occur in the lower mantle. When Birch's law is used this indicates that lateral anomalies in the velocity of P waves are of the order of 0.2% (rms value) or less, in general smaller than the seismic results for the lower mantle. The gravity signal of these lower mantle anomalies is masked by that of upper mantle anomalies, a fact which explains the absence of correlation found between gravity and deep mantle seismic anomalies. The seismic anomalies reported for the upper mantle often exceed the rms value of 0.1–0.3 % estimated from the gravity field. This indicates that internal compensation occurs whereby mass excesses are underlain or overlain by mass deficits. Other estimates deduced from the gravity field are upper limits to the lateral temperature variations of 100°C (rms value) and upper limits to permissible topography on the core-mantle boundary of the order of 200 m or less. Geopotential harmonics of degree ≥6 correlate significantly with the surface topography although linear regression analysis shows that only about 10% of the total power of the observed geopotential is responsible for this correlation. This is of the same magnitude as the power in the potential spectrum computed from the topography and its isostatic compensation and suggests that this correlation is a consequence of near-surface effects rather than deeper mantle effects.
Bed thickness characteristics of inner‐shelf storm deposits associated with a transgressive to regressive Holocene wave‐dominated shelf, Sendai coastal plain, Japan

Holocene inner‐shelf storm deposits preserved beneath the Sendai coastal plain facing the Pacific coast of north‐eastern Japan were formed during a transgressive–regressive cycle. The evolution of the Holocene wave‐dominated depositional system along the Sendai coast is reconstructed using 76 AMS (accelerator mass spectrometers) 14C ages and the origin of bed thickness variations in the inner‐shelf storm deposits is explored. The Holocene succession is <30 m thick and overlies latest Pleistocene to early Holocene non‐marine deposits above a transgressive ravinement surface. It comprises transgressive ravinement and inner‐shelf deposits, and regressive inner shelf, shoreface, and coastal plain deposits. The inner‐shelf deposits comprise alternating sand and mud layers interpreted as stacked storm beds. The average preservation interval of a single storm bed is shortest during the transgression (5·7–20·6 years), and then increases to a maximum during the early regression (83·3–250·0 years), decreasing to 7·7–31·3 years with shoreline progradation. Average accumulation rates decreased during the transgression and then increased during the regression, but the sand/mud ratio varies little, reflecting inefficient sediment segregation downdip on the inner shelf. The vertical pattern of sand‐layer thicknesses also shows no relationship to position within the cycle, although small‐scale intervals of upward thickening and thinning probably relate to lateral switching of river mouths and/or random storm processes. The average thickness of storm beds is the highest in the interval deposited during the period from maximum flooding to early regression. This is probably because of the low preservation potential of thin beds associated with frequent, low‐magnitude storms during this period of low accumulation rates and extensive reworking. This preservation bias and the nature of the Sendai inner shelf resulted in an absence of characteristic bed thickness trends in the preserved storm deposits.
Wavelet based fractal analysis of El Niño/La Niña episodes

The fractal dimension H, which is frequency-dependent within Quasi-Biennial (QB) period, was explored to measure the noise characteristics of Nino 3.4 Sea Surface Temperature (SST), where “noise” specifies the cycles within QB such as the Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation (TBO). The results show that the oscillation pattern of H corresponds mostly to development of El Nino, particularly during two strong Tropical Pacific Decadal Oscillation (TDO) periods of 1894 to 1923 and 1978 to 2000. This represents a stochastic resonance mechanism when a positive-phase noise overlaps a stronger positive-phase of TDO. In this case, SST would exceed a critical value to trigger an El Nino. The mechanism provides a favorable condition by which the onset of El Nino becomes more sensitive to noise. Self-organized criticality (SOC) explains that a small disturbance on an uncertain system will result in an avalanche, including scale-invariance (scaling) and criticality (threshold) features. The results show that strong and medium El Nino events regularly show scaling within QB period especially after the 1970s. Therefore, scaling is a critical state for onset of a strong El Nino and noise modulation by SOC within QB period plays a significant role in the El Nino developments.
Wind tunnel test of the influence of moisture on the erodibility of loessial sandy loam soils by wind

Loessial sandy loam soils are the major soil categories in the northern Loess Plateau, China. Owing to a dry, windy climate and sparse surface cover, wind erosion is a serious problem and dust (sand) storms occur frequently. Soil moisture is one of the most important factors influencing resistance to wind erosion. The influence of moisture content on the erodibility of sandy loam soils was investigated through wind tunnel simulations. Results showed that the threshold velocity for soil particle movement by wind increases with increasing soil moisture by a power function. The intrinsic factor in the increase in soil resistance due to moisture content is the cohesive force of soil water. Cohesive forces of the film and capillary water are different; the influence of soil moisture on threshold velocity was shown to follow a step-like pattern. The wind erosion modulus of sandy loam was directly proportional to the cube of the wind velocity or the square of the effective wind velocity (V−Vt). There existed a negative exponential relationship between the wind erosion rate and soil moisture content. Initially, as soil moisture increased the decrease in the wind erosion rate was rather rapid. When the moisture content reached more than 4%, the rate of decrease in erosion slowed and became almost constant with successive increments of moisture. This suggests that different soil moisture contents can prevent wind erosion at different levels. Four percent soil moisture could only reduce the erodibility of the sandy loam soil by a small degree.
Analysis of uncertainties in the hydrological response of a model‐based climate change impact assessment in a subcatchment of the Spree River, Germany

Climate change impact assessments form the basis for the development of suitable climate change adaptation strategies. For this purpose, ensembles consisting of stepwise coupled models are generally used [emission scenario → global circulation model → downscaling approach (DA) → bias correction → impact model (hydrological model)], in which every item is affected by considerable uncertainty. The aim of the current study is (1) to analyse the uncertainty related to the choice of the DA as well as the hydrological model and its parameterization and (2) to evaluate the vulnerability of the studied catchment, a subcatchment of the highly anthropogenically impacted Spree River catchment, to hydrological change. Four different DAs are used to drive four different model configurations of two conceptually different hydrological models (Water Balance Simulation Model developed at ETH Zürich and HBV‐light). In total, 452 simulations are carried out. The results show that all simulations compute an increase in air temperature and potential evapotranspiration. For precipitation, runoff and actual evapotranspiration, opposing trends are computed depending on the DA used to drive the hydrological models. Overall, the largest source of uncertainty can be attributed to the choice of the DA, especially regarding whether it is statistical or dynamical. The choice of the hydrological model and its parameterization is of less importance when long‐term mean annual changes are compared. The large bandwidth at the end of the modelling chain may exacerbate the formulation of suitable climate change adaption strategies on the regional scale. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anatomy of a Pennine peat slide, Northern England

This paper describes and analyses the structure and deposits of a large UK peat slide, located at Hart Hope in the North Pennines, northern England. This particular failure is unusual in that it occurred in the winter (February, 1995) and shows excellent preservation of the sedimentary structures and morphology, both at the failure scar and downstream. The slide was triggered by heavy rain and rapid snowmelt along the line of an active peatland stream flush. Detailed mapping of the slide area and downstream deposits demonstrate that the slide was initiated as a blocky mass that degenerated into a debris flow. The slide pattern was complex, with areas of extending and compressive movement. A wave‐like motion may have been set up in the failure. Within the slide site there was relatively little variability in block size (b axis); however, downstream the block sizes decrease rapidly. Stability analysis suggests the area at the head of the scar is most susceptible to failure. A ‘secondary’ slide area is thought to have only been initiated once the main failure had occurred. Estimates of the velocity of the flowing peat mass as it entered the main stream channel indicate a flow velocity of approximately 10 m s−1, which rapidly decreases downstream. A sediment budget for the peat slide estimates the failed peat mass to be 30 800 t. However, sediment delivery to the stream channel was relatively low. About 37% of the failed mass entered the stream channel and, despite moving initially as debris flow, the amount of deposition along the stream course and on the downstream fan is small (only about 1%). The efficiency of fluvial systems in transporting the eroded peat is therefore high. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new mechanism for OH vibrational relaxation leading to enhanced CO2 emissions in the nocturnal mesosphere

On the basis of experimental and theoretical studies, this paper proposes a new mechanism that contributes to nocturnal 4.3 µm CO2 emissions. It suggests that collisions of ground state O atoms with highly vibrationally excited OH(v), produced by the reaction of H with O3, remove a substantial fraction of the OH(v) vibrational energy by a fast, spin‐allowed, multiquantum vibration‐to‐electronic energy transfer (ET) process that generates O(1D): OH(v ≥ 5) + O(3P) → OH(0 ≤ v′ ≤ v − 5) + O(1D). The electronically excited O(1D) atom is subsequently deactivated by collisions with N2 in a fast spin‐forbidden ET process that leaves the N2 molecule with an average of 2.2 vibrational quanta. Finally, the vibrational excitation of N2 is transferred by a fast, near‐resonant vibration‐to‐vibration ET process to the asymmetric stretch (v3) mode of CO2, which promptly radiates near 4.3 µm.
Prenatal Yoga and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized-Control Trial

Studies have demonstrated that new and expectant mothers experience increased levels of stress and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Though prenatal yoga is an effective mode of improving mental health during pregnancy, no research has evaluated its effect on mental health during times of extreme stress, such as a global pandemic. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of a single session and a 10-week prenatal yoga intervention on the mental health of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Women (n = 19; 28.52 ± 3.74 years; 20.94 ± 4.69 weeks gestation; BMI 29.33 ± 9.08) were randomized into a yoga or a non-yoga control group. There were no differences in demographic factors or depression/anxiety scores between groups at baseline. Baseline levels of anxiety and depression were high, with an average depression score of 8.10 ± 4.85 (scores > 8 represent possible depression) and an average anxiety score of 39.26 ± 12.99 (scores ≥ 39 represent a clinically significant anxiety). After just one session of yoga, women reported feeling less depressed (p = 0.028), tense (p < 0.001), and fatigued (p = 0.004). After 10 weeks, the yoga group had lower anxiety (p = 0.002), depression (p = 0.032), and total mood disturbance (p = 0.002) scores when compared to the control group. Yoga appears to benefit the mental health of expectant mothers, even in times of extreme stress. The findings of this study provide clinicians with valuable information regarding alternative exercise options for mental health during pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic.