Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Singular Vector Structure and Evolution of a Recurving Tropical Cyclone

Abstract In this study, the structure and evolution of total energy singular vectors (SVs) of Typhoon Usagi (2007) are evaluated using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) and its tangent linear and adjoint models with a Lanczos algorithm. Horizontal structures of the initial SVs following the tropical cyclone (TC) evolution suggest that, relatively far from the region of TC recurvature, SVs near the TC center have larger magnitudes than those in the midlatitude trough. The SVs in the midlatitude trough region become dominant as the TC passes by the region of recurvature. Increasing magnitude of the SVs over the midlatitude trough regions is associated with the extratropical transition of the TC. While the SV sensitivities near the TC center are mostly associated with warming in the midtroposphere and inflow toward the TC along the edge of the subtropical high, the SV sensitivities in the midlatitude are located under the upper trough with upshear-tilted structures.
Astonomical and laboratory detection of the SiC radical

Laboratory and space observations of a number of mm-wave rotation lines in the previously unobserved 3Pi electronic ground state of the SiC radical are discussed. Laboratory-derived frequencies, accurate to better than 0.1 ppm, are used to obtain a highly precise determination of the fine structure, rotational, centrifugal distortion, and Lambda-doubling constants of the SiC ground state. It is found that SiC is appreciably extended toward IRC+10216, with a diameter of at least 54 arcsec. 11 refs.
Adipose Tissue-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Contribute to Phenotypic Plasticity of Prostate Cancer Cells

Metastatic prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of male cancer deaths in the western world. Obesity significantly increases the risk of metastatic disease and is associated with a higher mortality rate. Systemic chronic inflammation can result from a variety of conditions, including obesity, where adipose tissue inflammation is a major contributor. Adipose tissue endothelial cells (EC) exposed to inflammation become dysfunctional and produce a secretome, including extracellular vesicles (EV), that can impact function of cells in distant tissues, including malignant cells. The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of EVs produced by obese adipose tissue and the ECs exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines on prostate cancer phenotypic plasticity in vitro. We demonstrate that PC3ML metastatic prostate cancer cells exposed to EVs from adipose tissue ECs and to EVs from human adipose tissue total explants display reduced invasion and increased proliferation. The latter functional changes could be attributed to the EV miRNA cargo. We also show that the functional shift is TWIST1-dependent and is consistent with mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, which is key to establishment of secondary tumor growth. Understanding the complex effects of EVs on prostate cancer cells of different phenotypes is key before their intended use as therapeutics.
Estimating the transmission probability of human immunodeficiency virus in injecting drug users in Thailand

We estimate the transmission probability for the human immunodeficiency virus from seroconversion data of a cohort of injecting drug users (IDUs) in Thailand. The transmission probability model developed accounts for interval censoring and incorporates each IDU's reported frequency of needle sharing and injecting acts. Using maximum likelihood methods, the per needle sharing act transmission probability estimate between infectious and susceptible IDUs is 0.008. The effects of covariates, disease dynamics, mismeasured exposure information and the uncertainty of the disease prevalence on the transmission probability estimate are considered.
Two-dimensional effects on electrostatic instabilities in Hall thrusters. I. Insights from particle-in-cell simulations and two-point power spectral density reconstruction techniques

Using 2D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations coupled to a fluid description of the gas dynamics, we study the electrostatic instabilities developing in the axial–azimuthal plane of a Hall thruster, during several periods of a low-frequency oscillation (the so-called breathing mode at [Formula: see text]). As done in experiments, the 2D PIC-MCC (Monte Carlo collision) code is coupled to an electrical circuit in order to partially damp the (otherwise large) discharge current fluctuations at the breathing mode frequency. The different electrostatic higher frequency modes that develop in the plasma are analyzed using a two-point power spectral density reconstruction method, which allows us to generate the dispersion diagrams (in the frequency-wavenumber space) along the axial and azimuthal directions and at different times during the low-frequency breathing mode oscillations. This technique allows us to distinguish between different well-identified instabilities: the electron cyclotron drift instability and its evolution toward an ion acoustic wave and the ion transit time instability. These instabilities are usually considered unidirectional (either axial or azimuthal); however, it is shown here that they exist in both directions. This two-dimensional character is instrumental in understanding where these instabilities grow and how they propagate in the thruster channel and plume. A theoretical discussion of this aspect is proposed in Paper II. The effects of (i) the azimuthal length of the simulation box and (ii) the electron temperature injection at the cathode are also discussed.
Isorhamnetin Reduces Glucose Level, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin Diabetic Mice Model

Background: Isorhamnetin is a flavonoid that is found in medical plants. Several studies showed that isorhamnetin has anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity effects. This study aims to investigate the anti-diabetic effects of isorhamnetin in a high-fat diet and Streptozotocin-(HFD/STZ)-induced mice model of type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: Mice were fed with HFD followed by two consecutive low doses of STZ (40 mg/kg). HFD/STZ diabetic mice were treated orally with isorhamnetin (10 mg/kg) or (200 mg/kg) metformin for 10 days before sacrificing the mice and collecting plasma and soleus muscle for further analysis. Results: Isorhamnetin reduced the elevated levels of serum glucose compared to the vehicle control group (p < 0.001). Isorhamnetin abrogated the increase in serum insulin in the treated diabetic group compared to the vehicle control mice (p < 0.001). The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was decreased in diabetic mice treated with isorhamnetin compared to the vehicle controls. Fasting glucose level was significantly lower in diabetic mice treated with isorhamnetin during the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) (p < 0.001). The skeletal muscle protein contents of GLUT4 and p-AMPK-α were upregulated following treatment with isorhamnetin (p > 0.01). LDL, triglyceride, and cholesterol were reduced in diabetic mice treated with isorhamnetin compared to vehicle control (p < 0.001). Isorhamnetin reduced MDA, and IL-6 levels (p < 0.001), increased GSH levels (p < 0.001), and reduced GSSG levels (p < 0.05) in diabetic mice compared to vehicle control. Conclusions: Isorhamnetin ameliorates insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Isorhamnetin could represent a promising therapeutic agent to treat T2D.
A Two–Study Conceptual Replication Investigating the Role of Initial Word–Reading Skills with Response to Intervention for High School Students

This investigation examined the impact of preintervention word–reading ability on reading comprehension outcomes for ninth graders with learning disabilities, reading difficulties, and English learners in treatment and comparison conditions. Secondary data analyses were conducted for two separate but related experimental studies of intensive reading interventions. Both studies provided yearlong intensive reading interventions to ninth graders. The study included replication of a post hoc analysis employed in a previous study of ninth graders who also received 1 year of intervention. Results from both studies demonstrated that the effects of treatment were not moderated by decoding level for reading comprehension. Statistically significant effects of verbal ability were found. These findings suggest the effectiveness of intervention and that higher verbal skills improve students’ comprehension, though the effects were more pronounced for Study One than Study Two.
Polymorphous silicon thin films produced in dusty plasmas: application to solar cells

We summarize our current understanding of the optimization of PIN solar cells produced by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition from silane–hydrogen mixtures. To increase the deposition rate, the discharge is operated under plasma conditions close to powder formation, where silicon nanocrystals contribute to the deposition of so-called polymorphous silicon thin films. We show that the increase in deposition rate can be achieved via an accurate control of the plasma parameters. However, this also results in a highly defective interface in the solar cells due to the bombardment of the P-layer by positively charged nanocrystals during the deposition of the I-layer. We show that decreasing the ion energy by increasing the total pressure or by using silane–helium mixtures allows us to increase both the deposition rate and the solar cells efficiency, as required for cost effective thin film photovoltaics.
MEASUREMENT OF MEAN ATOMIC NUMBER OF COMPOUNDS WITH SCATTERED RADIATION

The mean atomic number of compounds was measured using their scattered radiation. This method is based on the intensity ratio of the coherently and the incoherently scattered radiation. A standard curve was constructed with known atomic number versus intensity ratio of the coherently and the incoherently scattered radiation. The obtained results were compared with the calculated values.
Update on the Surgical Treatment of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

Background and Aims: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET) arise from uncontrolled proliferation of neuroendocrine cell and further genetic alterations that may induce hormone secretion such as glucagon/insulin/gastrin/VIP. Their incidence is rapidelly growing, especially because of the frequent incidental diagnosis of small asymptomatic non-functionnal neuroendocrine tumors with the widespread use of cross-sectional imaging. The vast majority of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are sporadic but up to 5%–10% of them arise from genetic syndromes, the main one being Multiple Endocrine Neopalsm type 1 (MEN1). Appropriate management of patients with PNET is a complex challenge for surgeons, and require extensive medical collaboration. This review aims to summarize major and recent updates regarding the medico-surgical management of PNETs. Material and Methods: Review of pertinent English language literature. Results: This article provides a concise summary of the clinical presentation, diagnosis, surgical management, alternative treatments and follow up of PNETs. Conclusion: PNET are a rare, heterogeneous group of neoplasms with a generally favorable prognosis at least compared to pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Surgical resection is the cornerstone of their management, particularly for localized disease, and should always be discussed in multidisciplinary tumor board.
Preferences after pan(dem)ics: Time and risk in the shadow of COVID-19

This paper uses the COVID-19 health crisis to study how individual preferences respond to generalized traumatic events. We review previous literature on natural and man-made disasters. Using incentive-compatible tasks, we simultaneously estimate risk and ambiguity aversion, time discounting, present bias, and prudence parameters before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown in France. We find patience, risk aversion, and ambiguity aversion fell during lockdown, then gradually returned toward their initial levels 4 months later. These results have implications for health and economic policies, and deepen our understanding of the responses – and resilience – of economic preferences to traumatic events.
FRIM: minimum-variance reconstructor with a fractal iterative method

Adaptive optics (AO) systems under study for the future generation of telescopes have to cope with a huge number of degrees of freedom. This number N is typically 2 orders of magnitude larger than for the currently existing AO systems. An iterative method using a fractal preconditioning, has recently been suggested for a minimum-variance reconstruction in O(N) operations. We analyze the efficiency of this algorithm for both the open-loop and the closed-loop configurations. We present the formalism and illustrate the assets of this method with simulations. While the number of iterations for convergence is around 10 in open-loop, the closed-loop configuration induces a reduction of the required number of iterations by a factor of 3 typically. This analysis also enhances the importance of introducing priors to ensure an optimal command. Closed-loop simulations demonstrate the loss of performance when no temporal priors are used. Besides, we discuss the importance of an accurate model for both the system and its uncertainties, so as to ensure a stable behavior in closed-loop.
A review on Cosmos caudatus as A potential medicinal plant based on pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities

ABSTRACT Cosmos caudatus (Asteraceae), is known as Ulam raja in Malaysia or kenikir in Indonesia also sometimes referred to as “King’s salad. ” It is usually consumed as a salad and the leaves have been widely used as a traditional medicine due to their pharmacological activities and beneficial effects on human health. The leaves have been reported to contain several phytoconstituents such as flavonoids and their derivatives, other phenolics, and essential oil, while the roots only contain non-flavonoids. Furthermore, the leaves have been reported to contain a high total phenolic content (TPC) which is attributable for various activities including antidiabetes, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-osteoporosis, anti-hyperlipidemic, anticancer, antihypertensive, anti-hepatoprotective, and to manage fertility problems. However, further research needs to be done in order to determine whether C. caudatus is effective in treating thrombolytic and leishmanial disorder. Clinical study regarding the use of C. caudatus as an antidiabetic agent has been reported as a supplement to improve insulin resistance and sensitivity in type 2 diabetes patients [NCT02322268]. The findings of the toxicity tests revealed that the leaves are nontoxic and that they can be taken without risk. It is still need to conduct an additional in vitro and in vivo investigations to confirm various traditional claims about the therapeutic potential of this plant in the treatment of various ailments. This traditional medicinal plant’s genuine medicinal benefit will be further confirmed by additional clinical trials and toxicity assessments.
Effect of Storage Time and Bacterial Strain on the Quality of Probiotic Goat’s Milk Using Different Types and Doses of Collagens

Recently, increasing attention has been focused on developing new products based on goat’s milk. Consumers positively perceive fermented goat’s milk products as health-promoting due to their nutritional value, digestibility, and potential source of probiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of using different doses of collagen and collagen hydrolysate in the production of probiotic goat’s milk fermented by four monocultures: Lacticaseibacillus casei 431® Lactobacillus acidophilus LA- 5®, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LP26, and Lacticaseibicillus rhamnosus Lr- 32®. A total of 20 experimental groups were prepared, including control groups (without additives), and due to the added probiotic (Lacticaseibacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus), various collagen doses (1.5% and 3.0%) and collagen types (hydrolysate and bovine collagen). Physicochemical, organoleptic, and microbiological characteristics were evaluated after 1 and 21 days of cold storage. The applied additives increased the acidity of the milk even before fermentation. However, milk with bovine collagen and hydrolysate had a higher pH value after fermentation than control milk. The study showed higher than 8 log cfu g−1 viability of probiotic bacteria in goat’s milk products during storage due to the proper pH, high buffering capacity, and rich nutrient content of goat’s milk. The best survival rate was shown for the L. casei strain after 21 days in milk with collagen protein hydrolysate. Moreover, collagen in milk fermented by L. rhamnosus decreased syneresis compared to its control counterpart. The addition of collagen, especially the hydrolysate, increased the gel hardness of the fermented milk. The collagen additives used in the milk, both in the form of hydrolysate and bovine collagen, caused a darkening of the color of the milk and increased the intensity of the milky-creamy and sweet taste.
The Impact of Urban Construction Land Change on Carbon Emissions—A Case Study of Wuhan City

Urban construction land (UCL) change is a significant cause of changes in urban carbon emissions. However, as the extent of this effect is currently unclear, cities cannot easily formulate reasonable carbon reduction policies in terms of land use. Taking the city of Wuhan, China, as an example, this paper combines data on land use and carbon emissions from 1995 to 2019 and uses spatial analysis, curve estimation, and correlation evaluation to explore the direct and indirect effects of the UCL changes on carbon emissions. The results show that: (1) Between 1995 and 2019, the UCL area in Wuhan increased by 193.44%, and carbon emissions increased by 78.63%; moreover, both changes showed a gradually increasing spatial correlation, and the quantitative relationship could be better fitted with a composite function model; (2) The UCL change had mainly an indirect impact on carbon emissions via factors such as population and energy use intensity per unit of carbon emissions; (3) The maximum value of carbon emissions inside a unit area decreased during the study period, with an average annual decrease of about 2.02%. Therefore, the city of Wuhan can promote the achievement of its carbon emissions reduction targets by improving the existing land use policies, for example, by dividing the city into multiple functional zones.
Optical observations of supernova 1993J from La Palma – I. Days 2 to 125

We present astrometric, photometric and spectroscopic observations of supernova 1993J in M81, obtained with the Isaac Newton Group telescopes and the Carlsberg Automatic Meridian Circle. The spectral data set includes the first spectrum ever taken of SN 1993J. The early spectra also yield an estimate of the total visual extinction, A V . This is combined with the photometric data to produce a bolometric light curve. Implications of the latter and of the spectral development are also discussed. The spectral evolution includes an infrared excess, which appeared after day 50 and may be indicative of an IR echo. The unchanging nature of blueshifted oxygen lines in the spectra argues for asymmetry in the distribution of the line-emitting region
A Low-Leakage Zinc Oxide Transistor by Atomic Layer Deposition

In this work, we report an atomic layer deposited (ALD) zinc oxide (ZnO) transistor with low off-state leakage current (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) ~<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${3} \times {10}^{-{18}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> A/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at high temperatures up to 147 °C, measured by devices with interdigitated electrodes with a wide channel width (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{W}_{\text {ch}}{)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10000~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where the low <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is still under the detection limit. The impact of ALD growth temperature and annealing on the electrical performance is systematically studied. It is found that low temperature deposition and post deposition annealing are effective to enhance the performance of the ALD ZnO transistors. <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu _{\text {FE}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> as high as 32.8 cm2/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}\cdot \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, on/off ratio ~<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{{12}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and subthreshold slope (SS) down to 75.3 mV/dec at room temperature are achieved. These results suggest ALD ZnO is a promising channel material for low off-state leakage current device applications.
Efficient computation of gradients and Jacobians by dynamic exploitation of sparsity in automatic differentiation

Automatic differentiation (AD) is a technique that augments computer codes with statements for the computation of derivatives. The computational workhorse of AD-generated codes for first-order derivatives is the linear combination of vectors. For many large-scale problems, the vectors involved in this operation are inherently sparse. If the underlying function is a partially separable one (e.g., if its Hessian is sparse), many of the intermediate gradient vectors computed by AD will also be sparse, even though the final gradient is likely to be dense. For large Jacobians computations, every intermediate derivative vector is usually at least as sparse as the least sparse row of the final Jacobian. In this paper, we show that dynamic exploitation of the sparsity inherent in derivative computation can result in dramatic gains in runtime and memory savings. For a set of gradient problems exhibiting implicit sparsity, we report on the runtime and memory requirements of computing the gradients with the ADIFOR (.
SA-PatchCore: Anomaly Detection in Dataset With Co-Occurrence Relationships Using Self-Attention

Various unsupervised anomaly detection methods using deep learning have recently been proposed, and the accuracy of the anomaly detection technique for local anomalies has been improved. However, no anomaly detection dataset includes co-occurrence-related anomalies, which are combination-related. Thus, the accuracy of anomaly detection for co-occurrence-related anomalies has not progressed. Therefore, we propose SA-PatchCore, which introduces self-attention to the state-of-the-art local anomaly detection model, PatchCore. It detects anomalies in co-occurrence relationships and anomalies in local areas with the benefit of the self-attention module, which can consider contexts between separated words introduced first in the natural language processing field. As no anomaly detection dataset includes anomalies in co-occurrence relation, we prepared a new dataset called the Co-occurrence Anomaly Detection Screw Dataset (CAD-SD). Furthermore, we performed experiments on anomaly detection using the new dataset. SA-PatchCore achieves high anomaly detection performance compared with PatchCore in the CAD-SD. Moreover, our proposed model shows almost the same anomaly detection performance as PatchCore in an MVTec Anomaly Detection dataset, which is composed of anomalies in a local area. As a contribution to the anomaly detection task, we have released the CAD-SD to the public. The code and dataset are publicly available at https://github.com/IshidaKengo/SA-PatchCore