Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relation between fractional anisotropy in the cerebral peduncles and changes in motor evoked potential after acute n~ddle cerebral artery territory infarction

Objective To investigate the changing characteristics of the fractional anisotropy （FA） in cerebal peduncles and its relation with motor evoked potential （MEP） after acute cerebral infarction and to clear the clinical sigaificance of the low limit value of the FA in cerebral peduncles. Methods The low limit value of the FA in normal cerebral peduncles was determined based on mean - 1.64 standard deviation. The patients with acute cerebral infarction （n = 58） were divided into MEP positive group and MEP negative group according to the absence and presence of MEP, in which the patients in the MEP positive group were rexiivided into the FA in cerebral peduncles 〈 the low limit value and≥ the low limit value groups according to the FA in cerebral peduncles on the affected sides. Results The low limit value of the FA in normalcerebral peduncles was 0. 36. There was sigtificant difference in the FA in cerebral peduncles on the affected sides between the MEP negtive and MEP positive groups. The MEP negative group was the lowest （P =0. 000）. The FA in cerebral peduncles on the affected sides in the positive group was significantly lower than that on the unaffected sides （P =0. 000）, and the latency on the affected sides was longer than that on the normal sides （P = 0. 000）. The FA in cerebral peduncles on the affected sides was negatively correlated with the MEP latency （r = -0. 332, P =0. 042）. The MEP latency in the FA 〈 the low limit value group was significantly longer than that in the FA ≥ low limit value group （P = 0. 002）. There were no significant differences in the FA in cerebral peduncles on the normal sides and the MEP latency among all groups. The detection rate of the FA in cerebral peduncle 〈 0. 36 on the affected sides was the highest （50%）. Conclusions In the evaluation of the prognosis of the patients,,the changes of the FA in cerebral peduncles on the affected sides in patients with acute cerebral infarction had correlation, consistency, and complementarity with MEP. The detection rate of the low limit value of the FA in normal cerebral peduncles was the highest in the MEP negative patients. When the FA in cerebral peduncles was 〈 0.36 on the affected sides, particularly when MET was negative, it might predict that the prognosis was poor. Key words: Stroke; Brain infarction; Evoked potentials, motor; Magnetic resonanceim~aging; Anisotropy; Wallerian degeneration; Pyramidal tracts; Reference values
Clinical analysis of survival and death cases in 289 patients with novel influenza A( H1N1 )

Objective To explore the risk factors of death in patients with novel influenza A(H1N1). Methods The clinical data of 289 patients with novel influenza A(H1N1) (29 cases of death)were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical characteristics between death group and survival group were compared. The risk factors of death in patients were identified by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results Compared with survival group, the body mass index was higher ( P ＜0.05), the proportion of pregnant women or underlying disease was higher (all P ＜0.01 ), T cell subsets were lower ( P ＜0.01 ), the initial treatment time of oseltamivir was longer ( P ＜0.01), APACHE Ⅱ score and /SOFA score were higher (all P ＜0. 01 ), the proportion of secondary bacterial infection or fungal infection patients was higher (all P ＜ 0.01) in death group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index ( OR =5.05,95% CI: 1. 368-30.8, P =0. 035), secondary fungal infection (OR =9.34,95%CI :1.564-48.9, P =0.027), APACHE Ⅱ score＞20 (OR =1.245,95%CI:1. 078-1. 754, P =0. 029), and / SOFA score ( OR = 1. 346,95% CI :1. 052-1. 965, P =0.011) were independent risk factors of death in patients with novel influenza A(H1N1 ). Conclusions The risk factors of death above should be taken more attention and appropriate control measures should be made to reduce mortality. Key words: Novel influenza A(H1N1); Risk factor of death; Secondary infection
Antimicrobial peptide Brevinin-2R induces the secretion of a pro-inﬂammatory cytokine in HepG2 cells

Introduction: Antimicrobial peptides as the body's defense strategy play an important role in resistance against infection of microorganism. These peptides are able to modulate the immune and inflammatory processes through the production of defensive molecules. Therefore, the modulatory effects of Brevinin-2R, an antimicrobial peptide extracted from the skin of the frog (Rana ridibunda), was evaluated in this study. Materials and methods: MTT assay was conducted for evaluating the cytotoxic effect of Brevinin-2R on human liver carcinoma cells (HepG2). Then, real-time PCR was used to assess the inﬂammatory properties of this peptide. Results: It was appeared that the Brevinin-2R has a low toxicity against HepG2 cancer cells and can reduce cell growth to 24%. Results of molecular analysis showed that Brevinin-2R increases the expression of IL-1b and IL-6 genes in cancer cells in a dose dependent manner. Conclusion: The results show that Brevinin-2R has a regulatory role in inflammation through targeting the genes involved in the process.
Investigating Protein Modifications Using Vibrational Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Spectroscopy.

Protein based biopharmaceuticals are becoming increasingly popular therapeutic agents. Recent changes to the legislation governing stem cell technologies will allow many further developments in this field. Characterisation of these therapeutic proteins poses numerous analytical challenges. In this work we address several of the key characterisation problems; detecting glycosylation, monitoring conformational changes, and identifying contamination, using vibrational spectroscopy. Raman and infrared spectroscopies are ideal techniques for the in situ monitoring of bioprocesses as they are non-destructive, inexpensive, rapid and quantitative. We unequivocally demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy is capable of detecting glycosylation in three independent systems; ribonuclease (a model system), transferrin (a recombinant biopharmaceutical product), and GFP (a synthetically glycosylated system). Raman data, coupled with multivariate analysis, have allowed the discrimination of a glycoprotein and the equivalent protein, deglycosylated forms of the glycoprotein, and also different glycoforms of a glycoprotein. Further to this, through the use of PLSR, we have achieved quantification of glycosylation in a mixture of protein and glycoprotein. We have shown that the vibrational modes which are discriminatory in the monitoring of glycosylation are relatively consistent over the three systems investigated and that these bands always include vibrations assigned to structural changes in the protein, and sugar vibrations that are arising from the glycan component. The sensitivity of Raman bands arising from vibrations of the protein backbone to changes in conformation is evident throughout the work presented in this thesis. We used these vibrations, specifically in the amide I region, to monitor chemically induced protein unfolding. By comparing these results to fluorescence spectroscopy and other regions of the Raman spectrum we have shown that this new method provides improved sensitivity to small structural changes. Finally, FT-IR spectroscopy, in tandem with supervised machine learning methods, has been applied to the detection of protein based contaminants in biopharmaceutical products. We present a high throughput vibrational spectroscopic method which, when combined with appropriate chemometric modelling, is able to reliably classify pure proteins and proteins ? spiked? with a protein contaminant, in some cases at contaminant concentrations as low as 0.25%.
Dry-transfer of chemical vapour deposited nanocarbon thin films

III. Symbols & Abbreviations IV-V. Publications VI. Conference Presentations VII-VIII. List of Figures & Tables XI-XIII. CHAPTER I: Introduction 1 1.0 Motivation . 2 1.1 Objectives . 6 1.2 Thesis Structure . 7 References CHAPTER II: The Nanocarbons & Chemical Vapour Deposition 11 2.0 Introduction . 12 2.1 Carbon & it’s Nano Derivatives . 12 2.2 The History of the Nanocarbons . 14 2.3 Properties of Graphene & Carbon Nanotubes . 20 2.4 Synthesis Techniques: Top-Down Vs. Bottom-Up . 28 2.4.1 Bottom-Up Synthesis . 30 2.4. 2 CVD Catalysis of Nanofibres, Nanotubes & Graphene . 35 2.5 Summary . 38 References CHAPTER III: CVD of CNFs, CNTs & Graphene 49 3.0 Introduction . 50 3.1 The Activation Energy of CVD Catalysis . 50 3.2 The Rate-Limiting Step? 50 3.3 Nanofibres & Nanotubes: PE-CVD Vs. T-CVD . 54 3.4 Support Implications on the Diffusion Regime in T-CVD & PE-CVD . 59 3.5 Al Vs Al2Ox Support Layers & T-CVD . 60 3.6 Cu-Catalysed Graphene & the Nanotube Analogue . 61 3.7 Summary . 63 References CHAPTER IV: Dry-Transferred MWCNTs & Hot-Press Laminated Graphene 67 4.0 Introduction . 68 4.1 Dry-transferred MWCNT Thin Films . 68
Reliability and validity of adolescent sedentary behavior scale ( Chinese version) in junior middle school students

Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of adolescent sedentary behavior scales ( Chinese version) in junior middle school students. Methods A total of 782 junior students were tested through multistage sampling method. The reliability was assessed, using Cronbach's αcoefficient and split-half reliability,while its validity was tested through ICC, correlation analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Results The internal consistency reliability for total scale score ( Cronbach's α = 0.822 ) ,change strategies score ( Cronbach's α =0.882 ), decisional balance/pros score( Cronbach's α = 0.478 ), decisional balance/cons score ( Cronbach's α =0.631 ) ,and self-efficacy score (Cronbach's α = 0.645 ) ;the split-half reliability for total scale score was 0.857,four domains split-half reliability ranged between 0.488 ～ 0.896; the correlations between items and the domains ranged 0.226 ～ 0.768, except the correlations coefficients between decisional balance (cons score) and change strategies score, decisional balance ( cons score) and decisional ( pros score) were - 0.052,0.090 ( P ＜ 0.05 ),respectively. Low to moderate correlations between domains ranged from -0.210 to 0.394 ( P ＜ 0.01 ), while moderate to high correlations between domain and total scale. Correlation coefficients ranged between 0.365 to 0.554( P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion The reliability and validity of adolescent sedentary behavior scales ( Chinese version) were good, and adapt to measure junior middle school students' sedentary behavior. Key words: Junior middle school students; Sedentary behavior; Reliability; Validity
A Molecular Model For Transcriptional Regulation of BRCA-1 Expression

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Mutations in the tumor suppressor gene BRCA-1 confer a high risk of breast tumor development. However, in sporadic breast cancers, which represent 90-95% of breast cancer cases, BRCA-1 expression is downregulated in the absence of mutations in the BRCA-1 gene. This suggests that epigenetic effectors may contribute to disruption of BRCA-1 expression and the onset of mammary tumors. Prototypical environmental contaminants found in industrial pollution, tobacco smoke, and cooked foods include benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and 2,3,7,8tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), which have been shown to alter mammary gland development, act as endocrine disruptors and tumor promoters. Population studies detected accumulation of TCDD in women’s adipose tissue and breast milk. Moreover, sporadic breast tissue exhibited statistically significant higher levels of PAH-DNA adducts. Based on this information, we examined the effect of B[a]P on the tumor suppressor BRCA-1and observed that exposure to B[a]P led to repression of BRCA-1 transcription through a p53-dependent mechanism. We have also demonstrated that 17βestradiol (E2) stimulated the recruitment of ERα and AP-1 family members to a region of the BRCA-1 promoter flanking an AP-1-like site. However, accumulation of p53 prevented E2-mediated BRCA-1 transcription and recruitment of ERα, potentially providing one mechanism of B[a]P-mediated repression. In addition, the effects of B[a]P and TCDD are mediated through binding of the liganded aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) to dioxin or xenobiotic-responsive
Glasses and the Glass Transition

With a preface by David Pye and a foreword by Edgar Zanotto - Introduction - Basic Properties and the Nature of Glasses: An Overview - Generic Theory of Vitrification of Glass-Forming Melts - Generic Approach to the Viscosity of Glass-Forming Melts - Thermodynamics of Amorphous Solids, Glasses, and Disordered Crystals - Principles and Methods of Collection and Analysis of Glass Property Data - Methods of Prediction of Glass Properties from Chemical Compositions - Glasses as Accumulators of Free Energy and other Unusual Applications of Glasses - Glasses and the Third Law of Thermodynamics - Etymology of the Word 'Glass'
Association of HLA class I genotypes with age at death of COVID-19 patients

HLA class I molecules play a crucial role in the development of a specific immune response to viral infections by presenting viral peptides to cell surface where they will be further recognized by T cells. In the present manuscript we explored whether HLA class I genotype can be associated with critical course of COVID-19 by searching possible connections between genotypes of deceased patients and their age at death. HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C genotypes of n = 111 deceased patients with COVID-19 (Moscow, Russia) and n = 428 volunteers were identified with targeted next-generation sequencing. Deceased patients were splitted into two groups according to age at death: n = 26 adult patients with age at death below 60 completed years (inclusively) and n = 85 elderly patients over 60. With the use of HLA class I genotypes we developed a risk score which is associated with the ability to present SARS-CoV-2 peptides by an individual's HLA class I molecule set. The resulting risk score was significantly higher in the group of deceased adults compared to elderly adults (p = 0.00348, AUC ROC = 0.68). In particular, presence of HLA-A*01:01 allele was associated with high risk, while HLA-A*02:01 and HLA-A*03:01 mainly contributed to the low risk group. The analysis of homozygous patients highlighted the results even stronger: homozygosity by HLA-A*01:01 mainly accompanied early deaths, while only one HLA-A*02:01 homozygote died before 60. The obtained results suggest the important role of HLA class I peptide presentation in the development of a specific immune response to COVID-19. While prediction of age at death by HLA class I genotype had a reliable performance, involvement of HLA class II genotype can make it even higher in the future studies.
Many Labs 5: Registered Replication of LoBue and DeLoache (2008)

Across three studies, LoBue and DeLoache (2008) provided evidence suggesting that both young children and adults exhibit enhanced visual detection of evolutionarily relevant threat stimuli (as compared with nonthreatening stimuli). A replication of their Experiment 3, conducted by Cramblet Alvarez and Pipitone (2015) as part of the Reproducibility Project: Psychology (RP:P), demonstrated trends similar to those of the original study, but the effect sizes were smaller and not statistically significant. There were, however, some methodological differences (e.g., screen size) and sampling differences (the age of recruited children) between the original study and the RP:P replication study. Additionally, LoBue and DeLoache expressed concern over the choice of stimuli used in the RP:P replication. We sought to explore the possible moderating effects of these factors by conducting two new replications—one using the protocol from the RP:P and the other using a revised protocol. We collected data at four sites, three in Serbia and one in the United States (total N = 553). Overall, participants were not significantly faster at detecting threatening stimuli. Thus, results were not supportive of the hypothesis that visual detection of evolutionarily relevant threat stimuli is enhanced in young children. The effect from the RP:P protocol (d = −0.10, 95% confidence interval = [−1.02, 0.82]) was similar to the effect from the revised protocol (d = −0.09, 95% confidence interval = [−0.33, 0.15]), and the results from both the RP:P and the revised protocols were more similar to those found by Cramblet Alvarez and Pipitone than to those found by LoBue and DeLoache.
Poplar oxidoreductases involved in the oxidative stress response : a crystallographic snapshot towards the understanding of the catalytic mechanism

Three oxidoreductases (glutathione peroxidase, GPX; thioredoxin, Trx and glutaredoxin, Grx) from Populus trichocarpa × deltoides (poplar tree) were characterized using X-ray crystallography approach. GPXs are a group of enzymes that regulate the levels of oxygen species in cells, and protect them against oxidative damage. In this study, I have determined the crystal structures of the reduced and oxidized form of poplar GPX5 (PtGPX5). Comparison of both redox structures indicates that a drastic conformational change is necessary to bring the two distant cysteine residues together to form an intramolecular disulfide bond. Trxs regulate various protein partners through the thiol-disulfide(s) reduction. The aim of this study is thus to precisely describe the catalytic mechanism of a new isoform of Trx, PtTrxh4, since it has been demonstrated recently to be reduced by Grx. PtTrxh4 contains three cysteines; one localized in an N-terminal extension (Cys4) and two in the usual Trx active site (WC1GPC2). Two crystal structures of PtTrxh4 solved in this study, wild-type and C61S mutant, allow us to propose a four-step disulfide cascade catalytic mechanism in accordance with enzymatic studies. Grxs are highly conserved redox-proteins that utilize electrons from GSH particularly to catalyze thiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Here, I present the structure of glutathionylated PtGrxS12, the first structure of plant Grx of subclass 1 with an atypical 28WCSYS32 active site. Protein structures solved here shed lights to our understanding of the redox mechanism in plant and to the enzyme-substrate interactions.
Many Labs 5: Registered Replication of Shnabel and Nadler (2008), Study 4

Shnabel and Nadler (2008) assessed a needs-based model of reconciliation suggesting that in conflicts, victims and perpetrators have different psychological needs that when satisfied increase the chances of reconciliation. For instance, Shnabel and Nadler found that after a conflict, perpetrators indicated that they had a need for social acceptance and were more likely to reconcile after their sense of social acceptance was restored, whereas victims indicated that they had a need for power and were more likely to reconcile after their sense of power was restored. Gilbert (2016), as a part of the Reproducibility Project: Psychology (RP:P), attempted to replicate these findings using different study materials but did not find support for the original effect. In an attempt to reconcile these discrepant findings, we conducted two new sets of replications—one using the RP:P protocol and another using modified materials meant to be more relatable to undergraduate participants. Teams from eight universities contributed to data collection (N = 2,738). We did find moderation by protocol; the focal interaction from the revised protocol, but not from the RP:P protocol, replicated the interaction in the original study. We discuss differences in, and possible explanations for, the patterns of results across protocols.
Nmr Spectroscopy in Psychiatric Brain Disorders

In vivo 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMRS) of the limbic temporal lobe in schizophrenia. The study of glutamate and schizophrenia via in vivo proton MR spectroscopy. 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of metabolic alterations in schizophrenia and neurodevelopment. 31Phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the human brain in schizophrenia. 31Phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) in schizophrenia. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies in psychoses: psychopharmacological studies. Applications of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo to investigate sodium lactate infusion. Measurement of brain lithium levels by in vivo lithium (7LI) magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) of choline in brain and red blood cells: effects of lithium therapy by Edward F. Domino, MD. 19Flourine magnetic resonance spectroscopy (19F MRS): a new tool for psychopharmacology. Free fatty acid (FFA) release in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Index.
Nanostructure of dip-coated yttria-doped zirconia sol-gel coatings studied by grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering

In this work, X-ray techniques have been used to study coatings of zirconia and yttria doped zirconia. The experimental techniques used were laboratory-based X-ray diffraction (XRD) and synchrotron radiation based small-angle X-ray scattering techniques in both transmission mode; small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and reflection mode; grazing-incidence small-angle x-ray scattering (GISAXS). By using XRD and (GI)SAXS measurements, information has been gained about the crystal structure of the coatings, and about the sizeand surface structure of the scattering particles, respectively. Two types of in situ experiments were performed; in situ dipping-and-heating cycles, and in situ incremental heating. SAXS was used for the measurements on the former, whilst both SAXS and GISAXS was used for the latter. The coatings have been studied at various stages during calcination, and a novel methodology used for tracing the morphology quantitatively in systems subject to change, is presented here. This type of measurement and methodology is important, for example, in understanding mechanisms of corrosion and catalysis or ageing of materials. I found that the coatings transform from polymeric gels to particulate films featuring agglomeration and Ostwald ripening, as the sample is heated. The yttria concentration was found to influence the sizeand the surface structure of the scattering particles; the more yttria, the smaller particles. When the samples were heated, I found that the particles within the coatings with higher yttria concentration gets a rougher surface structure at lower temperature than the particles in the lower yttria concentration coatings.