Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Multilingual Paradigm for Automatic Verb Classi cationPaola MerloLinguisticsUniv

We demonstrate the beneets of a multilingual approach to automatic lexical semantic verb classiication based on statistical analysis of corpora in multiple languages. Our research incorporates two interrelated threads. In one, we exploit the similarities in the crosslinguis-tic classiication of verbs, to extend work on English verb classiication to a new language (Italian), and to new classes within that language, achieving an accuracy of 86.4% (baseline 33.9%). Our second strand of research exploits the differences across languages in the syntactic expression of semantic properties, to show that complementary information about English verbs can be extracted from their translations in a second language (Chinese). The use of multilingual features improves classiication performance of the English verbs, achieving an accuracy of 83.5% (baseline 33.3%).
The benefit and cost of winner-picking : Redistribution vs . Incentives ∗

This paper identifies a new innate agency cost of winner-picking in multi-divisional firms and uses explicit incentive contracts to analyze the interaction between corporate headquarter’s investment and incentive policies. Winner-picking, i.e. redistributing scarce resources from less to more profitable divisions, worsens the skill vs. luck problem of incentive contracting in more profitable divisions by ”importing” the skill vs. luck problem from less profitable divisions. The analysis links corporate strategy, managerial compensation and the value of diversification to the characteristics of multi-divisional firms.
Factors influencing mortality estimates in post-release survival studies

Campana et al. (2009; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 387:241-253) explored the survival of blue sharks Prionace glauca captured and released from the North Atlantic commercial longline fishery. We think that their comments and comparisons do not accurately reflect a previous survival study of blue sharks in Hawaii (Moyes et al. 2006; Trans Am Fish Soc 135:1389-1397). The differences in mor- tality between the studies, ~5% in the Hawaii-based fishery and ~35% in the North Atlantic fishery, were suggested to be due to failure of Moyes et al. (2006) to accurately reflect commercial fishing conditions. Careful examination of the data, however, suggests that the mortality depends on fishery- specific features — hook type, soak time and handling of the bycatch during release — rather than the respective tagging protocols. Survival studies based on pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) are cost-prohibitive; alternative (e.g. biochemical) approaches to estimate stress and morbidity are needed to supplant PSAT studies and to increase sample sizes. Standardization of fishing methods and sampling protocol is needed for future survival studies, to reduce experimental bias and improve the cost:benefit relationship.
Fires due to selfignition in (MSWS) municipal solid waste storages

Growing energy demands and global emphasis on employing sustainable energy resources to meet energy requirements result in increased importance of MSW (municipal solid waste) as a valuable carbondioxide neutral fuel. There is a need to study the factors that may lead to selfignition of MSW, if stored for sufficiently longer period of time. A better understanding of these factors may help in establishing the practicle guidelines for efficient handling of MSW and to reduce the environmental and social costs caused by selfigniting fires. Its importance is evident from the fact that millions of euros are lost every year in Sweden because of spontaneous fires. These fires cause loss of valuable material and injuries to people, and they are also associated with intense environmental pollution, in particular in the form of smoke and water pollution. This study is based on a questionnaire survey among the members of the Swedish waste management association (Avfall Sverige), whose members service 95% of the Swedish population. The response to the survey was 60%. A total of 96 major surface fires have been reported in the past 10 years at storage sites. 74% of these 96 fire incidents were due to self-ignition, 11% were due to known causes other than self-ignition and 15% were due to unknown reasons. In reference to the type of storage, 50% of these 96 fire incidents took place at sites that store both household and industrial waste, 20% at sites that store only industrial waste, and 30% at sites that store household, industrial, and agricultural waste. Regarding the most frequent cause of fire at any storage site, 33% of respondents relate the fire incidents with extreme hot weather conditions, 8% of respondents report that fire incidents at their storage site are mostly an aftereffect of rainfall, 13% relate the fire incidents in and 46% of respondents the fire incidents the whole last 10 years, the average annual amount of emissions of dioxins is (upper/lower bound) TCDD 0.03/0.12 g, PAH 0.98/3.7 tons, PCB 1.66/6.31 g, Hg 16.51/62.59 g, and VOC 18/68 tons from MSW storage fires in Sweden.
Breast carcinomas: variations in sonoelastographic appearance

Background: This study assessed factors influencing the sonoelastographic presentation of breast carcinoma. Methods: A prospective collaborative study was conducted by the Santa Casa de São Paulo and CTC-Center, on 540 breast lesions in women referred for percutaneous breast biopsy. Eighty-four carcinomas showing lesions on ultrasonography were included. These lesions were classified into four sonoelastographic scores, where scores of 1, 2, and 3 were considered false-negative, and a score of 4 was considered true-positive. Scores were compared against histopathologic results, which were divided into two groups, ie, soft lesions (group 1) and hard lesions (group 2). False-negative and true-positive results were also assessed for variation according to patient age and mean lesion diameter. Results: Of the 84 lesions studied, nine yielded false-negative results on sonoelastography and 75 yielded true-positive results. In terms of histopathologic classification, eight were assigned to group 1 and 76 to group 2. The chi-squared test showed a correlation between sonoelastographic scores and histopathologic lesion type. No statistically significant differences were observed according to patient age or largest lesion diameter. Conclusion: Our results revealed an association between sonoelastographic presentation of breast lesions and histology. False-negative results on sonoelastography were influenced by histologic type of lesion and not by lesion size or patient age.
Nutrition, health and old age: the case of urban South African elderly

The southern African region (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Mozambique and Zimbabwe) has the continent's highest percentage of older inhabitants; 6.2% of the population in 1997 was estimated to be 60 years or older. Within southern Africa, South Africa has the highest proportion of older population. The 1996 census data estimate that 2.8 million South Africans are aged 60 years and older, which constitutes 7% of the total population. This percentage is projected to increase to almost 11% of the population over the next 20 years. (Mostert W, Hofmeyr B, Oosthuizen K Demographic projections for South Africa. Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council, 1997unpublished data.) It is the absolute number of elderly people that determines the need for health and welfare services. In this regard, the number is projected to more than double, to 6.3 million. (Mostert W, Hofmeyr B, Oosthuizen K. Demographic projections for South Africa. Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council, 1997unpublished data.) In terms of life expectancy at birth, differences are seen between the racial groups in South Africa. Life expectancy for white South Africans is currently about 8 10 years higher than for the black and coloured populations, and about 5 years higher than for the Asian group. (Mostert W, Hofmeyr B, Oosthuizen K. Demographic projections for South Africa. Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council, 1997unpublished data.) In all groups, older women outnumber men. The total population growth rate in South Africa is falling as a result of declining fertility rates. However, as more people reach old age, the growth rate of the 60+ age group has come to exceed that of the total population, and the gap will widen considerably in the future.
Bamboo for Gardens

Bamboos evoke an exotic atmosphere wherever they are used - unfortunately, they are too often kept out of our gardens for fear of their invasive qualities or lack of hardiness. In truth, these elegant grasses, encompassing both woody and herbaceous forms, can achieve dramatic yet restrained effects in a range of climates. Their uses include both the ornamental, offering striking foliage and culms, and the practical, such as for screening or erosion control, not to mention the culinary treat of bamboo shoots and the structural qualities of the culm wood. Tropical and subtropical bamboos present many possibilities for landscapes in warmer climates, while the hardier species can be grown as far north as Minnesota in the United States and in the cooler climes of England and continental Europe. Bamboo culture has a long and distinguished legacy in East Asia, but much remains to be explored by Western gardeners and landscapers. Bamboo expert Ted Jordan Meredith provides a thorough and multifaceted treatment of these ancient grasses, covering origins and history, structure and form, cultivation and propagation, landscaping, and taxonomy and identification. He offers insight into selecting the right plant for the right situation, and presents useful advice on the best methods for containing or eradicating potentially invasive forms. The bulk of the book is an encyclopedia of bamboo genera, species, and cultivars. More than 300 bamboos from 40 different genera are described in detail, including information on size, lighting and temperature requirements, native range, physical characteristics, and landscape and other uses. Meredith's excellent color photos and clear line drawings effectively illustrate both the details and broader effects of these exquisite plants.
Achilles tendinopathy

Achilles tendinopathy is a common clinical condition. The aetiology of Achilles tendinopathy remains unclear, but is probably multifactorial resulting from a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Excessive loading of the tendon during vigorous training activities is regarded as the main pathological stimulus. The Achilles tendon may respond to repetitive overload beyond physiological threshold by either inflammation of its sheath, degeneration of its body, or a combination of both. Conservative management, including relative rest, anti-inflammatory drugs, physiotherapy and orthoses may be beneficial. Surgery is generally recommended after exhausting conservative management, usually after at least three to six months. Long-standing Achilles tendinopathy is associated with poor postoperative results, with a greater rate of reoperation before reaching an acceptable outcome.
Pediatric palliative care for youth with HIV/AIDS: systematic review of the literature

: Improvement in treatment has led to decreased death in youth with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in developed countries. Despite this, youth with HIV are still at risk for increased mortality and morbidity compared with their uninfected counterparts. In developing countries, high numbers of youth die from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related illnesses due to lack of access to consistent antiretroviral treatment. As a result, pediatric palliative care is a relevant topic for those providing care to youth with HIV. A systematic review was conducted to gather information regarding the status of the literature related to pediatric palliative care and medical decision-making for youth with HIV. The relevant literature published between January 2002 and June 2012 was identified through searches conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and PSYCInfo databases and a series of key words. Articles were reviewed by thematic analysis using the pillars of palliative care set out by the National Consensus Project. Twenty-one articles were retained after review and are summarized by theme. In general, few empirically based studies evaluating palliative care and medical decision-making in youth with HIV were identified. Articles identified focused primarily on physical aspects of care, with less attention paid to psychological, social, ethical, and cultural aspects of care. We recommend that future research focuses on broadening the evaluation of pediatric palliative care among youth with HIV by directly evaluating the psychological, social, ethical, and cultural aspects of care and investigating the needs of all involved stakeholders.
Learning Lightweight Object Detectors via Multi-Teacher Progressive Distillation

Resource-constrained perception systems such as edge computing and vision-for-robotics require vision models to be both accurate and lightweight in computation and memory usage. While knowledge distillation is a proven strategy to enhance the performance of lightweight classification models, its application to structured outputs like object detection and instance segmentation remains a complicated task, due to the variability in outputs and complex internal network modules involved in the distillation process. In this paper, we propose a simple yet surprisingly effective sequential approach to knowledge distillation that progressively transfers the knowledge of a set of teacher detectors to a given lightweight student. To distill knowledge from a highly accurate but complex teacher model, we construct a sequence of teachers to help the student gradually adapt. Our progressive strategy can be easily combined with existing detection distillation mechanisms to consistently maximize student performance in various settings. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to successfully distill knowledge from Transformer-based teacher detectors to convolution-based students, and unprecedentedly boost the performance of ResNet-50 based RetinaNet from 36.5% to 42.0% AP and Mask R-CNN from 38.2% to 42.5% AP on the MS COCO benchmark.
Ribavirin Plus Therapy in Covid-19-A Single-Center Experience

: COVID-19 infection has a similar clinical spectrum of disease presentation such as SARS and MERS in the past. These led to the assumption of the possibility to treat COVID-19 infection with antivirals which had been used to treat SARS and MERS. A retrospective analysis was done in symptomatic adult patients of COVID-19 infection to explore whether ribavirin antiviral combinations reduce the need for both Noninvasive and Invasive Ventilation (NIV/IV) in the treatment of COVID-19 infections. Cohort A consisted of 40 patients who received the standard therapy and Cohort B of 61 patients who received the ribavirin plus therapy (Ribavirin with Hydroxychloroquine or Lopinavir/Ritonavir). Cohort A required NIV and IV each in 12.5% of patients while Cohort B required the same in 18.03 and 16.39% of patients respectively (p = 0.456). There was a similar trend of reduction of organ dysfunctions with time in cohort A compared to B. The study concluded there was no statistically significant reduction in the need for ventilation (non-invasive/invasive) and the development of multi-organ dysfunction in COVID-19 patients treated with ribavirin plus therapy, rather clinically standard therapy was better in all aspects.
Migraine and stroke.

Migraine is a primary disorder of the brain with peripheral consequences. The prevalence of migraine is as high as 18% in the general populations. The association between migraine and stroke has been well documented in many case-control and cohort studies. This association has been stronger in patients with migraine with aura compared to migraine without aura and dependent on sex, age, frequency of attacks, and oral contraceptive treatment. The mechanisms linking migraine to stroke are complex and not entirely elucidated. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this association. In this review we discuss these hypotheses, the epidemiological data, and the role of patent foramen ovale in migraine and stroke. In addition, we discuss the possible role of genetics in the link between migraine
A new decade for social

This study addresses the ramifications of 5G technology for enterprises in developing countries and how it affects the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT ecosystem is expected to see considerable improvements in connectivity, speed, and capacity with the introduction of 5G networks. The potential advantages and difficulties of integrating 5G technology into the IoT landscape are discussed in this study, along with how it might change several industries in developing nations. This research also highlights how 5G technology might boost IoT capabilities through higher device densities, lower latency, and faster data transmission rates. Additionally, it looks into the particular ramifications for enterprises in underdeveloped countries, taking into account the difficulties with infrastructure, affordability, and the digital divide that these countries confront. It also discusses the potential hazards and obstacles to the deployment of 5G, such as the requirement for suitable legal frameworks, security precautions, and talent development. The results of this study help to improve awareness of the potential effects of 5G technology on the IoT landscape in developing countries and offer guidance for stakeholders, enterprises, and policymakers in properly using its advantages.
Deja Vu: Contextual Sparsity for Efficient LLMs at Inference Time

Large language models (LLMs) with hundreds of billions of parameters have sparked a new wave of exciting AI applications. However, they are computationally expensive at inference time. Sparsity is a natural approach to reduce this cost, but existing methods either require costly retraining, have to forgo LLM's in-context learning ability, or do not yield wall-clock time speedup on modern hardware. We hypothesize that contextual sparsity, which are small, input-dependent sets of attention heads and MLP parameters that yield approximately the same output as the dense model for a given input, can address these issues. We show that contextual sparsity exists, that it can be accurately predicted, and that we can exploit it to speed up LLM inference in wall-clock time without compromising LLM's quality or in-context learning ability. Based on these insights, we propose DejaVu, a system that uses a low-cost algorithm to predict contextual sparsity on the fly given inputs to each layer, along with an asynchronous and hardware-aware implementation that speeds up LLM inference. We validate that DejaVu can reduce the inference latency of OPT-175B by over 2X compared to the state-of-the-art FasterTransformer, and over 6X compared to the widely used Hugging Face implementation, without compromising model quality. The code is available at https://github.com/FMInference/DejaVu.
Determination of rapid Deccan eruptions across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary using paleomagnetic secular variation: 2. Constraints from analysis of eight new sections and synthesis for a 3500-m-thick composite section

[1] The present paper completes a restudy of the main lava pile in the Deccan flood basalt province (trap) of India. Chenet et al. (2008) reported results from the upper third, and this paper reports the lower two thirds of the 3500-m-thick composite section. The methods employed are the same, i.e., combined use of petrology, volcanology, chemostratigraphy, morphology, K-Ar absolute dating, study of sedimentary alteration horizons, and as the main correlation tool, analysis of detailed paleomagnetic remanence directions. The thickness and volume of the flood basalt province studied in this way are therefore tripled. A total of 169 sites from eight new sections are reported in this paper. Together with the results of Chenet et al. (2008), these data represent in total 70% of the 3500-m combined section of the main Deccan traps province. This lava pile was erupted in some 30 major eruptive periods or single eruptive events (SEE), each with volumes ranging from 1000 to 20,000 km3 and 41 individual lava units with a typical volume of 1300 km3. Paleomagnetic analysis shows that some SEEs with thicknesses attaining 200 m were emplaced over distances in excess of 100 km (both likely underestimates, due to outcrop conditions) and up to 800 km. The total time of emission of all combined SEEs could have been (much) less than 10 ka, with most of the time recorded in a very small number of intervening alteration levels marking periods of volcanic quiescence (so-called “big red boles”). The number of boles, thickness of the pulses, and morphology of the traps suggest that eruptive fluxes and volumes were larger in the older formations and slowed down with more and longer quiescence periods in the end. On the basis of geochronologic results published by Chenet et al. (2007) and paleontological results from Keller et al. (2008), we propose that volcanism occurred in three rather short, discrete phases or megapulses, an early one at ∼67.5 ± 1 Ma near the C30r/C30n transition and the two largest around 65 ± 1 Ma, one entirely within C29r just before the K-T boundary, the other shortly afterward spanning the C29r/C29n reversal. We next estimate sulfur dioxide (likely a major agent of environmental stress) amounts and fluxes released by SEEs: they would have ranged from 5 to 100 Gt and 0.1 to 1 Gt/a, respectively, over durations possibly as short as 100 years for each SEE. The chemical input of the Chicxulub impact would have been on the same order as that of a very large single pulse. The impact, therefore, appears as important but incremental, neither the sole nor main cause of the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinctions.
Towards Never-ending Learning of User Interfaces

Machine learning models have been trained to predict semantic information about user interfaces (UIs) to make apps more accessible, easier to test, and to automate. Currently, most models rely on datasets of static screenshots that are labeled by human crowd-workers, a process that is costly and surprisingly error-prone for certain tasks. For example, workers labeling whether a UI element is “tappable” from a screenshot must guess using visual signifiers, and do not have the benefit of tapping on the UI element in the running app and observing the effects. In this paper, we present the Never-ending UI Learner, an app crawler that automatically installs real apps from a mobile app store and crawls them to infer semantic properties of UIs by interacting with UI elements, discovering new and challenging training examples to learn from, and continually updating machine learning models designed to predict these semantics. The Never-ending UI Learner so far has crawled for more than 5,000 device-hours, performing over half a million actions on 6,000 apps to train a highly accurate tappability model.