Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural phase transition associated with van Hove singularity in 5d transition metal compound IrTe2

We have investigated the electronic states of IrTe2 by using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to elucidate the origin of the structural phase transition. Both the Ir 4f and Te 4d core level spectra exhibit dramatic splitting below the phase transition temperature Ts, suggesting that there exist two inequivalent Ir and Te sites with distinctly different electronic states in the distorted phase. The band related to the saddle points at the Fermi level (EF) is strongly reconstructed, which removes the van Hove singularity from EF below Ts. The wavevector connecting the adjacent saddle points is consistent with the in-plane superstructure modulation wavevector. These results indicate that the phase transition in IrTe2 is intimately associated with the saddle points. As the van Hove singularity mainly originates from the Te px+py orbitals, the Te 5p electronic states play a dominant role in the structural phase transition.
Signatures of infall motions in the images of the molecular emission of G31.41+0.31 hot molecular core

Although gravitational collapse is supposed to play an essential role in the star formation process, infall motions have been always elusive to detect. So far, only a few observational signatures have been commonly used to claim for the presence of infall. Often these features consist in either "blue-asymmetries" or absorption at red-shifted velocities (e.g., inverse P-Cygni profiles). Both signatures are based only on the shape of the line profile and they do not guarantee by themselves the presence of dominant infall motions. More robust "mapping signatures" can be obtained from images that angularly resolve the infalling gas. Here we present VLA observations of the ammonia inversion transitions (2,2), (3,3), (4,4), (5,5), and (6,6) towards the hot molecular core (HMC) near G31.41+0.31 that show the signatures of protostellar infall theoretically predicted by Anglada et al. (1991). The intensity of the ammonia emission is compact and sharply increases towards the centre in the blue-shifted velocity channel maps, while it shows a more flattened distribution in the red-shifted velocity channels. Additionally, the emission becomes more compact with increasing (relative) velocity for both red and blue-shifted channels. We introduce a new infall signature, the "central blue spot", easily identifiable in the first-order moment maps. We show that rotation produces an additional, independent signature, making the distribution of the emission in the channel maps asymmetric with respect to the central position, but without masking the infall signatures. All these mapping signatures, which are identified here for the first time, are present in the observed ammonia transitions of G31 HMC.
First observation of the radiative decay $\Lambda_{b}^{0} \to \Lambda \gamma$

The radiative decay $\Lambda_{b}^{0} \to \Lambda \gamma$ is observed for the first time using a data sample of proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $1.7\,fb^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of $13\,TeV$. Its branching fraction is measured exploiting the $B^{0} \to K^{*0} \gamma$ decay as a normalization mode and is found to be $\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{b}^{0} \to \Lambda \gamma)= (7.1 \pm 1.5 \pm 0.6 \pm 0.7) \times 10^{-6}$, where the quoted uncertainties are statistical, systematic and systematic from external inputs, respectively. This is the first observation of a radiative decay of a beauty baryon.
Saddle-point entropy states of equilibrated self-gravitating systems

In this Letter, we investigate the stability of the statistical equilibrium of spherically symmetric collisionless self-gravitating systems. By calculating the second variation of the entropy, we find that perturbations of the relevant physical quantities should be classified as long-and short-range perturbations, which correspond to the long-and short-range relaxation mechanisms, respectively. We show that the statistical equilibrium states of self-gravitating systems are neither maximum nor minimum, but complex saddle-point entropy states, and hence differ greatly from the case of ideal gas. Violent relaxation should be divided into two phases. The first phase is the entropy-production phase, while the second phase is the entropy-decreasing phase. We speculate that the second-phase violent relaxation may just be the long-wave Landau damping, which would work together with short-range relaxations to keep the system equilibrated around the saddle-point entropy states.
Distortion of the ultrahigh energy cosmic ray flux from rare transient sources in inhomogeneous extragalactic magnetic fields

Detecting and characterizing the anisotropy pattern of the arrival directions of the highest energy cosmic rays are crucial steps towards the identification of their sources. We discuss a possible distortion of the cosmic ray flux induced by the anisotropic and inhomogeneous distribution of extragalactic magnetic fields in cases where sources of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays are rare transient phenomena, such as gamma-ray bursts and/or newly born magnetars. This distortion does not involve an angular deflection but the modulation of the flux related to the probability of seeing the source on an experiment lifetime. To quantify this distortion, we construct sky maps of the arrival directions of these highest energy cosmic rays for various magnetic field configurations and appeal to statistical tests proposed in the literature. We conclude that this distortion cannot affect present experiments but should be considered when performing anisotropy studies with future large-scale experiments that record as many as hundreds of events above 6 x 10 19 eV.
A General Precipitation-limited LX–T–R Relation among Early-type Galaxies

The relation between X-ray luminosity (LX) and ambient gas temperature (T) among massive galactic systems is an important cornerstone of both observational cosmology and galaxy-evolution modeling. In the most massive galaxy clusters, the relation is determined primarily by cosmological structure formation. In less massive systems, it primarily reflects the feedback response to radiative cooling of circumgalactic gas. Here we present a simple but powerful model for the LX–T relation as a function of physical aperture R within which those measurements are made. The model is based on the precipitation framework for AGN feedback and assumes that the circumgalactic medium is precipitation-regulated at small radii and limited by cosmological structure formation at large radii. We compare this model with many different data sets and show that it successfully reproduces the slope and upper envelope of the LX–T–R relation over the temperature range from ∼0.2 keV through . Our findings strongly suggest that the feedback mechanisms responsible for regulating star formation in individual massive galaxies have much in common with the precipitation-triggered feedback that appears to regulate galaxy-cluster cores.
The Atypical Antipsychotic Lurasidone Affects Brain but Not Liver Cytochrome P450 2D (CYP2D) Activity. A Comparison with Other Novel Neuroleptics and Significance for Drug Treatment of Schizophrenia

The aim of this work was to study the effect of prolonged lurasidone administration on the cytochrome 2D (CYP2D) expression and activity in the rat liver and selected brain structures involved in the therapeutic or side effects of this neuroleptic. Male Wistar rats received lurasidone (1 mg/kg ip.) for two weeks. The activity of CYP2D was measured in brain and liver microsomes as the rate of bufuralol 1′-hydroxylation. The CYP2D protein level was determined in microsomes by Western blot analysis. The CYP2D gene expression was estimated in liver tissue by a qRT-PCR method. Lurasidone decreased the activity and protein level of CYP2D in the frontal cortex but increased them in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, brain stem, substantia nigra, and the remainder of the brain. The neuroleptic did not affect CYP2D in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and cerebellum. In the liver, lurasidone did not affect the CYP2D activity and protein level, though it enhanced the mRNA of CYP2D1 without affecting that of CYP2D2, CYP2D3, CYP2D4, and CYP2D5. In conclusion, lurasidone regulates brain (but not liver) CYP2D activity/protein level in a region-dependent manner, which is similar to that of other atypical neuroleptics (iloperidone and asenapine) as concerns the frontal cortex (down-regulation) and nigrostriatal pathway (up-regulation) and may be of pharmacological significance. However, further molecular studies with selective receptor agonists are necessary to find out which individual monoaminergic receptors/signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of the rat CYP2D4 and human CYP2D6 enzyme in particular brain structures.
A Unified Proof of Conjectures on Cycle Lengths in Graphs

In this paper, we prove a tight minimum degree condition in general graphs for the existence of paths between two given endpoints, whose lengths form a long arithmetic progression with common difference one or two. This allows us to obtain a number of exact and optimal results on cycle lengths in graphs of given minimum degree, connectivity or chromatic number. More precisely, we prove the following statements by a unified approach. (1) Every graph $G$ with minimum degree at least $k+1$ contains cycles of all even lengths modulo $k$; in addition, if $G$ is 2-connected and non-bipartite, then it contains cycles of all lengths modulo $k$. (2) For all $k\geq 3$, every $k$-connected graph contains a cycle of length zero modulo $k$. (3) Every 3-connected non-bipartite graph with minimum degree at least $k+1$ contains $k$ cycles of consecutive lengths. (4) Every graph with chromatic number at least $k+2$ contains $k$ cycles of consecutive lengths. The first statement is a conjecture of Thomassen, the second is a conjecture of Dean, the third is a tight answer to a question of Bondy and Vince, and the fourth is a conjecture of Sudakov and Verstraete. All of the above results are best possible.
Efficacy of Tylvalosin Aganist Mycoplasma Gallisepticum in Broilers and its Effect on Performance, Hematological and Biochemical Parameters

: Tylvalosin tartrate is a macrolide antibiotic that has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive, some Gram-negative organisms and mycoplasma. It acts by inhibiting protein synthesis in the bacterial cell. Mycoplasma gallisepticum causes chronic respiratory disease (CRD) of domestic poultry, especially in the presence of management stresses and/or other respiratory pathogens. Disease is characterised by coryza, conjunctivitis, sneezing, and by sinusitis, particularly in turkeys and game birds. It can result in loss of production and downgrading of meat-type birds, and loss of egg production. In the current study, effect of tylvalosin on performance parameters (body weight gain, feed consumption as well as feed conversion ratio), hematological and biochemical profile were studied. A total of 24 fourteen-day old broiler chicks were divided into 3 equal groups. G1; control (-ve) group, G2; control (+ve) group that experimentally infected by mycoplasma gallisepticum at 30th day of age by intraocular/intranasal and intra tracheal rout, G3; experimentally infected by mycoplasma gallisepticum at 30th day of age by intraocular/intranasal and intra tracheal rout then received 25 mg/kg of tylvalosin per os for five consecutive days beginning from the 7th day of infection. In conclusion, treatment with tylvalosin at dose 25 mg/kg for consecutive 5 days was significantly improved growth performance
The Antibacterial Activity of Infusion of Averrhoa bilimbi L Fruits and Cananga odorata Flowers against Frequently Pathogenic Bacteria

Infectious diseases due to opportunistic bacteria and pathogens are still a health problem. Transmission can be prevented by using an alcohol-based antiseptic liquid or naturally. Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruit plants and Cananga odorata flowers contain bioactive compounds that can inhibit bacterial growth. This study aimed to analyze the infusion activity of Averrhoa bilimbi fruit and Cananga odorata flower in single and combined dosage forms against several frequently pathogenic bacteria in vitro. This posttest-only experimental study with a control group design used the paper disc diffusion method. Observation parameters were the diameter of the inhibition zone on the test bacteria after infusion treatment of 50%, 75%, and 100% A.bilimbi fruit and 100% C.odora flowers, as well as 70% alcohol. The results showed that the diameter of the inhibition zone in the combination treatment of A.bilimbi and C.odorata infusion was significantly different from that of the single preparation (p<0.05). The combination of 100% A.bilimbi and 100% C.odorata (ratio 1:1) produced the greatest effect and was equivalent to 70% alcohol. The average inhibition of the combination infusion of Staphylococcus aureus (17.36mm) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (17.57mm) was greater than that of Escherichia coli (14.48 mm) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (14.12mm). In conclusion, the infusion of Averrhoa bilimbi fruit and the Cananga odorata flower had antibacterial activity, and the combined preparation produced a better inhibitory effect than the single preparation. Keywords: antibacterial activity, Averrhoa bilimbi L. , Cananga odorata, infusion, single preparation, combination preparation
A review on collagen as a food supplement

One of the most abundant proteins formed in the human body is collagen. It is responsible for the strength of body tissues in all cellular systems by establishing support networks. Collagen fibers are generally opaque and white, due to this reason they are easily recognized in the tissues. Collagen fibers, which are viscoelastic, have low extensibility and high tensile strength. The isoelectric point is around pH 5.8. Collagen is widely used as it helps blood coagulate, remodeling tissue. Although there are no known side effects, there is some concern about its role in inflammation, group-to-group variability, and possible disease transfection, given that animal-derived (natural) collagen is used in many clinical applications. Not every protein is of equal value, so not every collagen is of equal value. Thanks to its low molecular weight, hydrolyzed collagen is quickly digested by our body and enters our blood circulation. According to study, the most suitable type of collagen is the one in powder or liquid form for collagen peptides that can be easily absorbed and used by our body. It is necessary to rely on the most appropriate analysis technique to evaluate the quality feature. Techniques such as SEC, MS, HPLC and NMR are used to characterize complex peptide mixtures. Classical fibril-forming collagen includes collagen types I, II, III, V, and XI. These collagenes are characterized by their ability to aggregate into highly oriented supramolecular aggregates, forming fibrillar arrays with diameters between 25 and 400 nm. Being a natural protein and its technical characteristics, it is expected that development and consumption of collagen hydrolyzate will increase in the coming years. In this review, physical and chemical properties of collagen, types, pharmacology properties, quantity determination methods are briefly described.
Investigating AGN black hole masses and the MBH–σe relation for low surface brightness galaxies

We present an analysis of the optical nuclear spectra from the active galactic nuclei (AGN) in a sample of low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies. Using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), we derived the virial black hole (BH) masses of 24 galaxies from their broad H alpha parameters. We find that our estimates of nuclear BH masses lie in the range 10(5)-10(7) M-circle dot, with a median mass of 5.62 x 10(6) M-circle dot. The bulge stellar velocity dispersion sigma(e) was determined from the underlying stellar spectra. We compared our results with the existing BH mass-velocity dispersion (M-BH-sigma(e)) correlations and found that the majority of our sample lie in the low BH mass regime and below the M-BH-sigma(e) correlation. We analysed the effects of any systematic bias in the M-BH estimates, the effects of galaxy orientation in the measurement of sigma(e) and the increase of sigma(e) due to the presence of bars and found that these effects are insufficient to explain the observed offset in M-BH-sigma(e) correlation. Thus, the LSB galaxies tend to have low-mass BHs which probably are not in co-evolution with the host galaxy bulges. A detailed study of the nature of the bulges and the role of dark matter in the growth of the BHs is needed to further understand the BH-bulge co-evolution in these poorly evolved and dark matter dominated systems.
Low RCS Dual-Polarized Crossed Dipole Antenna Co-Designed With Absorptive Frequency- Selective Reflection Structure

This article proposes a novel strategy for realizing a reduction in radar cross-section (RCS) of dual-polarized crossed dipole antenna. At first, a compact and polarization-insensitive absorptive frequency-selective reflection (AFSR) structure is proposed by incorporating a bandstop ring resonator within the circular-cross based broadband absorber. The bandstop ring resonator is designed on the backside of the resistive layer due to which a reflection window is realized at a frequency of 8.2 GHz between the two broadband absorptions (4.2–7.0 GHz and 9.2–11.5 GHz). A dual-polarized crossed dipole antenna is designed with operating frequency lying within the reflecting notch of the AFSR structure. A 6 × 6 AFSR structure array is truncated at the center where from which the crossed dipole is connected through a feed substrate. The AFSR structure enacts as a modified ground plane to the crossed dipole antenna. The proposed AFSR integrated antenna achieves an average mono-static RCS reduction of 12.51 dB and 12.62 dB for the TE and TM incident waves, respectively. Further, the AFSR based antenna is also measured for the bi-static RCS, wherefrom the average total RCS reduction of 80% for TE and TM incidence is attained in the frequency band of 4.2 to 11.5 GHz.
The first stars of the Rho Ophiuchi Dark Cloud. XMM-Newton view of Rho Oph and its neighbors

Star formation in molecular clouds can be triggered by the dynamical action of winds from massive stars. Furthermore, X-ray and UV fluxes from massive stars can influence the life time of surrounding circumstellar disks. We present the results of a 53 ks XMM-Newton observation centered on the Rho Ophiuchi A+B binary system. Rho Ophiiuchi lies in the center of a ring of dust, likely formed by the action of its winds. This region is different from the dense core of the cloud (L1688 Core F) where star formation is at work. X-rays are detected from Rho Ophiuchi as well as a group of surrounding X-ray sources. We detected 89 X-ray sources, 47 of them have at least one counterpart in 2MASS + All-WISE catalogs. Based on IR and X-ray properties, we can distinguish between young stellar objects (YSOs) belonging to the cloud and background objects. Among the cloud members, we detect 3 debris disk objects and 22 disk-less / Class III young stars. We show that these stars have ages in $5-10$ Myr, and are significantly older than the YSOs in L1688. We speculate that they are the result of an early burst of star formation in the cloud. An X-ray energy of $\ge5\times10^{44}$ ergs has been injected into the surrounding medium during the past $5$ Myr, we discuss the effects of such energy budget in relation to the cloud properties and dynamics.
Circumbinary planets - II. When transits come and go

Circumbinary planets are generally more likely to transit than equivalent single-star planets, but practically the geometry and orbital dynamics of circumbinary planets make the chance of observing a transit inherently time-dependent. In this follow-up paper to Martin & Triaud (2015), the time-dependence is probed deeper by analytically calculating when and for how long the binary and planet orbits overlap, allowing for transits to occur. The derived equations are applied to the known transiting circumbinary planets found by Kepler to predict when future transits will occur, and whether they will be observable by upcoming space telescopes TESS, CHEOPS and PLATO. The majority of these planets spend less than 50% of their time in a transiting configuration, some less than 20%. From this it is calculated that the known Kepler eclipsing binaries likely host an additional ~ 17 - 30 circumbinary planets that are similar to the ten published discoveries, and they will ultimately transit some day, potentially during the TESS and PLATO surveys.
Late-time behaviour of the Einstein–Boltzmann system with a positive cosmological constant

In this paper we study the Einstein–Boltzmann system for Israel particles with a positive cosmological constant. We consider spatially homogeneous solutions of all Bianchi types except type IX and obtain future global existence and the asymptotic behaviour of solutions to the Einstein–Boltzmann system. The result shows that the solutions converge to the de Sitter solution at late times.
Development of mobile based technology transfer application system to empower the small ruminant farmers

Mobile app is one of the means to strengthen the bridge between research system and farming system. Hence, the present study has focused to identify and prioritize the information needs of small ruminant farmers to develop mobile based application software. Data were collected from 40 researchers of Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, 60 extension personnel of the State Animal Husbandry Department and 100 small ruminant farmers of Tirunelveli district by questionnaire method. The responses for each item were measured on a five point continuum, i.e. most needed, more needed, needed, less needed and least needed. The mean was calculated and the item above the mean, i.e 24 items were considered as the identified needs that include topics on breed and breeding (three), feeding (five), management (five), disease control (six) and marketing (five). Based on the identified and prioritized needs, the contents were framed in Tamil and English languages which includes, video clipping and photos collection. Accordingly, a mobile based application software was developed in android platform in order to impart the scientific knowledge of small ruminant farming system in local language to the end users. Perception on the usefulness of developed android based mobile app was captured among 60 randomly selected small ruminant farmers and 60 extension personnel who had android mobile phone that constituted a sample size of 120. The overall perception of the extension personnel (4.1) and farmers (4.0) on the mobile app ranged from most satisfactory to satisfactory.