Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Barriers in Utilization of Reproductive and Child Health Services in Slums of Delhi, India: an Observational Study

Original Research Article Background: The utilization of Reproductive and Child health (RCH) services is often influenced by the sociocultural, financial, access, political barriers acting at the community, family and individual level. Aim and objective: To examine the barriers in utilization of RCH services in slums. Material & Methods: The study was carried out in three slums of Delhi with a well representative sample of 421 women, who delivered the child within 6 months. Quantitative and qualitative study design was followed to collect the data. Results: The supply side barriers such as physical access and facilities were faced by the service providers. The demand side barriers such as socio-cultural, financial and access barriers were faced by the service receivers in order to avail the services. Conclusions and Recommendation: In order to overcome the barriers faced by the women of slums, it is important to improve the access to services so that they get them easily. Some of the imperative actions such as strengthening community mobilization through inter-personal communication, dialogue with the key influencers in the community as well as continuous engagement with and sensitization of the service providers.
Student Perception of Teacher Clarity in Mathematics.

Those who question the value of student evaluations of instruction suggest that the student lacks the perspective to assess instructional effectiveness. However, studies by Frey (1973) and Marsh, Fleiner, and Thomas (1975) revealed that, when different instructors of the same course gave a common final examination, the sections who gave high (low) ratings to their instructors most frequently made high (low) examination scores. These studies suggest that student evaluations of instruction are fairly reliable indicators of effective instruction as measured by student achievement. Teacher clarity is an important aspect of effective instruction (Rosenshine, 1971). Research has shown that students are generally consistent in evaluating teacher clarity (Bush, Kennedy, & Cruickshank, 1977; Kennedy, Cruickshank, Bush, & Myers, 1978; Belgard, Rosenshine, & Gage, Note 1; Fortune, Gage, & Shutes, Note 2). However, these studies do not present evidence of student ratings being validated against operationally defined degrees of teacher clarity (as documented by the presence or absence of low inference indicators). A number of low inference indicators of teacher clarity have been identified. Among these indicators are vagueness terms, mazes, and additional unexplained content. Hiller, Fisher, and Kaess (1969) identified more than 200 vagueness terms-words or phases indicating approximation, unclarity, or lack of assurance. They reported a negative correlation between student achievement in social studies and the frequency of teacher vagueness terms. In a correlational study of student achievement in mathematics, Smith (1977) supported these findings. Smith and Edmonds (1978) and Land and Smith (1979) reported experimental studies indicating that a high frequency of teacher vagueness terms negatively affects student achievement in mathematics.
BROWNIAN MOTION OF LIPID DOMAINS IN ELECTROSTATIC TRAPS IN MONOLAYERS

Fluorescence microscopy can be used to visualize lipid monolayers at the air-water interface. These monolayers frequently show coexisting lipid phases, with a rich variety of domain shapes. The sizes, and shape transitions of isotropic domains can be accounted for phenomenologically in terms of a competition between an interphase line tension, λ, and μ 2 , the square of the difference in the dipole densities in neighboring domains
IMPLEMENTATION OF A WHISTLEBLOWING SYSTEM ON FRAUD DETECTION AT PT JR (CASE STUDY ONE OF STATE OWNED ENTERPRISES IN INDONESIA)

Reporting system or whistleblowing system is a means for whistleblower to report fraud or violations committed by internal organizations. This system aims to uncover fraud that can harm the organization and prevent even more fraud. This research is a case study at PT JR with the aim of this research is to find out the implementation of the whistleblowing system on fraud deetection at PT JR. The method used in this study is a combination method or mix methods. Data collection techniques using triangulation methods, namely quantitative data collection through questionnaires while qualitative through interviews and documents. Analyze data with a descriptive approach to get a real picture of the whistleblowing system at PT JR. The study population is an internal auditor at PT JR with the results of the study showing that the Whistleblowing System has a positive and significant effect on Fraud Detection.
Attention based models for ECG abnormalities detection

Automatic interpreting ECG can assist physicians in the diagnosis of the massive amount of ECG recordings, and can also apply in the cardiac monitoring systems. We present this work in the context of CinC/Physionet 2020 challenge, which is to identify 24 classes of ecg phenomenons. Theproblems are grouped into 3 tiers which are measurements, morphological and arrhythmia ones. QRS delineation is done to handle the measurements.While deep learning models with attention mechanisms are applied to other 2 tiers. The models are pretrained on a large local database and then transferred to adapt the challenge metrics. The official score on hidden data set is 0.645
DETERMINANT ANALYSIS IN PROPERTY STOCKS INDEX AT INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE

This research aims to determine those influence of inflation, interest rates, exchange rates, world oil prices and world gold prices against the property sector stock index which registered In Indonesia Stock Exchange. These population of research were all activities from monthly movement of property sector stock index, inflation, exchange rates, BI interest rates, world oil prices and world gold prices. The sample chosen method by purposive sampling where the researcher gathered its data based on proficiency strategies or personal considerations, selecting data based on these following criteria: 1) Availability of macro economic data that affects shares from property sector during January 2016 to December 2019; and 2) Availability of property stock index data from January 2016 till December 2019. The model used in this research was the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). With The results showed that: 1) ISP responsiveness to inflation movements where stumbled or shocks that occur on inflation had positive influence towards ISP movements; 2) Responsiveness of ISP to instability or shocks that occur in exchange rates will negatively affect ISP movements; 3) Those responsiveness of ISP to the BI rate movement was responded positively; 4) Based on these results from research conducted, the ISP responded negatively on stumbled or shocks towards oil price movements; and 5) ISP responsiveness to movements or shocks to gold price had been responded positively by the ISP.
Topography as a factor driving small-scale variation in tree fine root traits and root functional diversity in a species-rich tropical montane forest.

(1) We investigated the variation in tree fine root traits and their functional diversity along a local topographic gradient in a Neotropical montane forest to test if fine root trait variation along the gradient is consistent with the predictions of the root economics spectrum on a shift from acquisitive to conservative traits with decreasing resource supply. (2) We measured five fine root functional traits in 179 randomly selected tree individuals of 100 species and analyzed the variation of single traits (using Bayesian phylogenetic multi-level models) and of functional trait diversity with small scale topography. (3) Fine roots exhibited more conservative traits (thicker diameters, lower specific root length and nitrogen concentration) at upper slope compared to lower slope positions, but the largest proportion of variation (40-80%) was explained by species identity and phylogeny. Fine root functional diversity decreased towards the upper slopes. (4) Our results suggest that local topography and the related soil fertility and moisture gradients cause considerable small-scale variation in fine root traits and functional diversity along tropical mountain slopes, with conservative root traits and greater trait convergence being associated with less favorable soil conditions due to environmental filtering. We provide evidence of a high degree of phylogenetic conservation in fine root traits.
Higher‐Impact Physical Activity Is Associated With Maintenance of Bone Mineral Density But Not Reduced Incident Falls or Fractures in Older Men: The Concord Health and Aging in Men Project

High‐impact physical activities with bone strains of high magnitude and frequency may benefit bone health. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations between changes in loading intensities and application rates, estimated from self‐reported physical activity, with bone mineral density (BMD) changes over 5 years and also with incident falls over 2 years and long‐term incident fractures in community‐dwelling older men. A total of 1599 men (mean age 76.8 ± 5.4 years) from the Concord Health and Aging in Men Project (CHAMP) were assessed at baseline (2005–2007) and at 2‐ and 5‐year follow‐up. At each time point, hip and lumbar spine BMD were measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and physical activity energy expenditure over the past week was self‐reported via the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) questionnaire. Sum effective load ratings (ELRs) and peak force were estimated from the PASE questionnaire, reflecting the total and highest loading intensity and application rate of physical activities, respectively. Participants were contacted every 4 months over 2 years to self‐report falls and over 6.0 ± 2.2 years for fractures. Hip fractures were ascertained by data linkage for 8.9 ± 3.6 years. Compared with sum ELR and PASE scores, peak force demonstrated the greatest standardized effect size for BMD maintenance at the spine (β = 9.77 mg/cm2), total hip (β = 14.14 mg/cm2), and femoral neck (β = 13.72 mg/cm2) after adjustment for covariates, including PASE components (all p < .01). Only PASE scores were significantly associated with reduced falls risk (standardized incident rate ratio = 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.81–1.00, p = .04). All physical activity measures were significantly associated with reduced incident fractures in univariate analyses, but none remained significant after multivariable adjustments. Older men who engaged in physical activity of high and rapid impact maintained higher BMD, while higher energy expenditure was associated with reduced falls risk. Coupling traditional physical activity data with bone loading estimates may improve understanding of the relationships between physical activity and bone health. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Dyslexia in the 21st century.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Within the past decade tremendous advances have occurred in our understanding of dyslexia. RECENT FINDINGS Reliable data now validate the definition of dyslexia as an unexpected difficulty in reading in an individual who has the ability to be a much better reader. That dyslexia is unexpected is now codified in US federal law (PL 115-391). Replicated studies using functional brain imaging have documented a neural signature for dyslexia. Epidemiologic, longitudinal data now demonstrate that dyslexia is highly prevalent, affecting 20% of the population, affecting boys and girls equally. These data further demonstrate that the achievement gap between dyslexic and typical readers is now evident as early as first grade and persists. Evidence-based, efficient, inexpensive screening tools now offer the possibility of universal screening to identify children at risk for dyslexia as early as first grade. Specialized schools which focus on dyslexic students provide welcoming communities, ensuring that dyslexic children will not only survive but thrive. SUMMARY Taken together, these findings indicate that we must act and act now to ensure that this 21st century knowledge of dyslexia is disseminated to educators, policy makers, and most of all to parents of dyslexic children.
Thromboembolic and Hemorrhagic Outcomes in the Direct Oral Anticoagulant Trials Across the Spectrum of Kidney Function

Chronic kidney disease is a common comorbidity among patients taking direct‐acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Herein, we evaluate the influence of kidney function on stroke or systemic embolism (SEE), hemorrhage, and composite end points (stroke/SEE/hemorrhage/death and stroke/SEE/death) among patients on DOACs and warfarin. Baseline kidney function was categorized as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥ 60 (reference), 45–59, and < 45mL/min/1.73 m2 for participants in the Randomized Evaluation of Long‐Term Anticoagulant Therapy (RE‐LY) (n = 18,049), Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events (ARISTOTLE) (n = 18,187), and The Effective Anticoagulation with Factor Xa Next Generation in AF (ENGAGE AF) (n = 20,798) trials. Incidence of events was compared across GFR categories. Hazard ratios for events were estimated using Cox regression using intention‐to‐treat analysis adjusting for known predictors. A large proportion of participants had GFR < 60 (25–29% had 45 ≤ GFR < 60 and 9.5–12.6% with GFR < 45). Compared with patients with GFR ≥ 60, warfarin users across the trials with GFR ≥ 45–59 and GFR < 45 had a higher incidence of hemorrhage (P values < 0.0001) and warfarin users in the ARISTOTLE and ENGAGE trials had higher incidence of stroke/SEE (P values ≤ 0.05). Compared with patients with GFR ≥ 60, dabigatran users with GFR ≥ 45–59 and GFR < 45 had a higher incidence of stroke/SEE (P ≤ 0.02), hemorrhage (P < 0.001), and both composite end points (P < 0.0001). Compared with patients with GFR ≥ 60, apixaban and edoxaban users with GFR ≥ 45–59 and GFR < 45 had a higher incidence of hemorrhage (P values ≤ 0.05) and composite end points (P values ≤ 0.05). After adjustment, compared with patients with GFR ≥ 60, warfarin users with GFR < 60 in the ARISTOTLE and RE‐LY trials had a higher risk of hemorrhage (P < 0.05), as did dabigatran (P < 0.001) and edoxaban (P ≤ 0.005) users, while apixaban users did not exhibit an increased risk (P = 0.08 GFR ≥ 45–59; P = 0.71 GFR < 45). Kidney function significantly influences the safety and efficacy of oral anticoagulants.
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Reduce Glucose Uptake by Binding to an Exofacial Site on hGLUT‐1: Influence on 18F‐FDG PET Uptake

Positron emission tomography (PET) using 2‐deoxy‐2‐[18F]fluoro‐d‐glucose ([18F]FDG), a marker of energy metabolism and cell proliferation, is routinely used in the clinic to assess patient response to chemotherapy and to monitor tumor growth. Treatment with some tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) causes changes in blood glucose levels in both nondiabetic and diabetic patients. We evaluated the interaction of several classes of TKIs with human glucose transporter‐1 (hGLUT‐1) in FaDu and GIST‐1 cells by measuring [3H]2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose ([3H]2‐DG) and [3H]FDG uptake. Uptake of both was inhibited to varying extents by the TKIs, and representative TKIs from each class showed competitive inhibition of [3H]2‐DG uptake. In GIST‐1 cells, [3H]FDG uptake inhibition by temsirolimus and nilotinib was irreversible, whereas inhibition by imatinib, gefitinib, and pazopanib was reversible. Molecular modeling studies showed that TKIs form multiple hydrogen bonds with polar residues of the sugar binding site (i.e., Q161, Q282, Q283, N288, N317, and W388), and van der Waals interactions with the H‐pocket site. Our results showed interaction of TKIs with amino acid residues at the glucose binding site to inhibit glucose uptake by hGLUT‐1. We hypothesize that inhibition of hGLUT‐1 by TKIs could alter glucose levels in patients treated with TKIs, leading to hypoglycemia and fatigue, although further studies are required to evaluate roles of other SLC2 and SLC5 members. In addition, TKIs could affect tumor [18F]FDG uptake, increasingly used as a marker of tumor response. The hGLUT‐1 inhibition by TKIs may have implications for routine [18F]FDG‐PET monitoring of tumor response in patients.
Coronavirus disease 2019 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a major comorbidity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but less is known about COVID-19 and type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Thus, our goal was to review the literature on COVID and T1DM. RECENT FINDINGS We identified 21 reports focusing on COVID-19 infections among patients with preexisting T1DM (n = 7), incident T1DM presentations during the COVID-19 quarantine (n = 6), and outpatient management of T1DM during the COVID-19 quarantine (n = 8). These studies showed that patients with preexisting T1DM and COVID-19 infection often present with hyperglycemia and/or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Although the risk of in-hospital mortality may be increased, hospitalization rates among patients with T1DM mirror that of the general population. The numbers of patients presenting with incident T1DM during COVID-19 quarantine have remained stable, but cases with severe DKA may have increased. COVID-19 quarantine has also impacted outpatient T1DM management and studies examining changes in glycemic control have shown mixed results. SUMMARY COVID-19 has important implications for patients with type 1 diabetes, but additional studies with larger numbers of patients and longer term follow-up are needed to confirm the early findings highlighted in this review.
Best practice for treating dyslipidaemia in patients with diabetes based on current international guidelines.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dyslipidaemia is a major modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in type 2 diabetes. We provide an in-context overview of recent trials of lipid-lowering pharmacotherapies and of recommendations from international guidelines for managing dyslipidaemia in patients with diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical trials have demonstrated that patients with diabetes derive greater benefits from ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 inhibitors owing to the higher absolute ASCVD risk compared with patients without diabetes. Pure eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester therapy should be considered in high risk patients with diabetes and hypertriglyceridaemia who have well controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on statin therapy. International guidelines from USA, Canada and Europe have been updated to support a more intensive approach to treating dyslipidaemia in diabetes. SUMMARY Dyslipidaemia should be identified and treated intensively as part of overall diabetes management to reduce ASCVD risk. Although lifestyle modifications and statin therapy remain the cornerstone of management, add-on therapies should be strongly considered depending on the absolute risk of ASCVD and the degree of dyslipidaemia.
Mendelian randomization as a tool for causal inference in human nutrition and metabolism.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current review describes the fundamentals of the Mendelian randomization framework and its current application for causal inference in human nutrition and metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS In the Mendelian randomization framework, genetic variants that are strongly associated with the potential risk factor are used as instrumental variables to determine whether the risk factor is a cause of the disease. Mendelian randomization studies are less susceptible to confounding and reverse causality compared with traditional observational studies. The Mendelian randomization study design has been increasingly used in recent years to appraise the causal associations of various nutritional factors, such as milk and alcohol intake, circulating levels of micronutrients and metabolites, and obesity with risk of different health outcomes. Mendelian randomization studies have confirmed some but challenged other nutrition-disease associations recognized by traditional observational studies. Yet, the causal role of many nutritional factors and intermediate metabolic changes for health and disease remains unresolved. SUMMARY Mendelian randomization can be used as a tool to improve causal inference in observational studies assessing the role of nutritional factors and metabolites in health and disease. There is a need for more large-scale genome-wide association studies to identify more genetic variants for nutritional factors that can be utilized for Mendelian randomization analyses.
Emerging cellular and pharmacologic therapies for acute respiratory distress syndrome.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology and biology of ARDS has identified a number of promising cellular and pharmacological therapies. These emerging therapeutics can modulate the immune response, reduce epithelial injury, target endothelial and vascular dysfunction, have anticoagulant effects, and enhance ARDS resolution. RECENT FINDINGS Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy shows promise in earlier phase clinical testing, whereas a number of issues regarding clinical translation, such as donor and effect variability, are currently being optimized to enable larger scale clinical trials. Furthermore, a number of promising mesenchymal stromal cell therapy clinical studies for COVID-19-induced ARDS are underway. Recent studies provide support for several emerging ARDS pharmacotherapies, including steroids, statins, vitamins, anticoagulants, interferons, and carbon monoxide. The history of unsuccessful clinical trials of potential therapies highlights the challenges to successful translation for this heterogeneous clinical syndrome. Given this, attention has focused on the potential to identify biologically homogenous subtypes within ARDS, to enable us to target more specific therapies, i.e. 'precision medicines'. SUMMARY Mesenchymal stromal cells, steroids, statins, vitamins, anticoagulants, interferons and carbon monoxide have therapeutic promise for ARDS. Identifying ARDS sub-populations most likely to benefit from targeted therapies may facilitate future advances.
Iron dependent ureides and allantionase synthesis in pigeon pea

Abstract The effect of iron (Fe) on ureide metabolism was examined in 45‐day‐old pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) (ureide plant) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) (amide plant). Plants were either inoculated with Rhizobium or fertilized with ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). The ureides, allantoin and allantoate, and allanotinase activity were increased in pigeon pea with Fe supplementation. Specific effect of Fe on ureide metabolism of pigeon pea was indicated by the lack of same effect in alfalfa under similar conditions. Nitrogenase activity was elevated with increasing concentrations of Fe in pigeon pea (ureide) as well as alfalfa (amide) symbiosis. Nitrogen (N2) fixation, ureides, and allantoinase activity were reduced at 10 ppm and above concentration of Fe.
Curvature and Orientation Statistics of Turbulent Premixed Flame Fronts

Abstract The curvature of turbulent premixed flame fronts is an important spatial property that needs to be quantified over a range of turbulence conditions. In this study, measurements of flamelet curvature along with orientation statistics for u'/ SL = 1.42-5.71 are obtained from OH planar laser-induced fluorescence images of the flame boundary by applying a curve-tracing difference formula with interval length of the order of the inner cutoff scale. Use of this particular interval length is essential for accurate tracing of the flame boundary with implicit filtering of extraneous noise that can introduce significant errors in the curvature measurements. The distributions of flamelet curvature are found to be symmetric with respect to the zero mean, while the variance increases with increasing u'/SL. These distributions can be approximated by Gaussian distribution functions. The positive and negative mean curvatures show a nearly square-root dependence on u'/SL whereas the mean flamelet radius of curvat.