Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reply on RC1

In this study, our main aim is to show that a contrast in glacier dynamics for land and laketerminating glaciers is a regional wide phenomenon in the Himalayas. This would be a valuable contribution to the topic of Himalayan lake-terminating glaciers, and laketerminating glaciers in general, and would be a solid starting point for other studies that investigate the temporal evolution and dynamic drivers of such glaciers, of which the latter is a secondary aim of this study.
Effect of the Meteorological Parameters on the Indoor PM2.5 and PM10 Concentrations in a Hospital

Exposure to the particulate matter is related to a variety of acute and chronic health effects. Also, it is an important factor in the indoor air quality in hospitals. The present study aimed to determine the effect of meteorological parameters on the indoor PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in the operation room, pediatric, and intensive care unit wards in the hospital in Kashan, Iran. The PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were measured at two indoor sites and one outdoor site in each one of the wards from March to May 2015. Also, the wind rose was drawn for determining the Prevailing wind. The mean indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations increased during the study period. The results obtained of wind rose showed that the prevailing wind (4.5% of the entire winds) was the direction of the west-southwest. Also, the highest mean outdoor PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were related to the ambient wind directions of the east-northeast, the west, and the north-northwest in the operation room, pediatric and intensive care unit wards, respectively. According to the findings, there was a positive association between the indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in the wards. Also, the meteorological parameters played an important role in the indoor particle mass concentrations in the study wards in the hospital. The effective meteorological parameters on the particle concentrations were the ambient temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and rainfall in the hospital. It is asking for improving the indoor air quality of managers and officials to protect the patients and staff against transferred diseases by the particles in the wards in the hospital.
Costs and Returns Analysis of Maize Production in Lere Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria

This study was carried out to estimate costs and returns associated with maize production in Lere local government area of Kaduna state. Data were collected from a sample of 100 maize farmers selected through multi-stage sampling procedure using questionnaire and data collected were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and net farm income analysis. The result showed that 82% were in their working age of between 21-50 years, majority of the farmers 53% were married, 91% had formal education, in terms of farming experience, majority (68%) of the respondent had farming experience that is above one year. The result revealed that maize farming is profitable investment in the study area with a total return of N 194,545.00 and net farm income of N 81,275.00 per hectare with a benefit cost ratio of 1.72 and a return on capital invested of 0.42. All the farmers identified maize as an important source of food to households in the study area. However maize farming is facing several constraints such as lack of capital (73%), high cost of farm inputs (69%), lack of credit facilities (67%), inadequate storage facilities (53%), inadequate processing facilities (50%), incidence of pests and diseases infestation (46%), poor road network (40%) and poor extension services (33%). Therefore, it is recommended that credit facilities should be provided so that farmers can have fund to purchase farm inputs such as fertilizer, pesticides and insecticides and be able to employ adequate labour, storage and processing facilities such as silo and shelling machine should be made available to farmers at subsidized and affordable price as a form of government intervention, adequate workshops and seminars especially on training farmers on methods of weed and pests control should be organized by extension agents and farmers should be encouraged to form themselves into cooperative groups so that they can pool their resources together in getting adequate funds to finance maize production activities.
AKRUAL: Jurnal Akuntansi

Corporate disclosure and corporate governance are two inseparable instruments of investor protection. This research sought to find evidence on how corporate governance mechanisms affect the extent of voluntary disclosures. Voluntary disclosures were measured using content analysis on published annual reports. The sample of this research consisted of 81 firm-year observations from 27 firms of consumer goods sector listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2018. Using multiple regression method, the result has shown that board size and board independence increase voluntary disclosures, indicating that the commissioners have effectively represented the interests of shareholders by monitoring and encouraging the management to increase disclosure. This research provided new evidence that family ownership increases voluntary disclosure, suggesting that family firms are more concerned by the costs of nondisclosure. Meanwhile, institutional ownership does not significantly affect voluntary disclosure.
Relationship Between Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitude of Behavioural Intention Towards Halal Jobs among Malaysian Muslim University Students

: In the emergence of the global halal market, developing halal human capital with provisions of knowledge and skills is indispensable for professional efficiency in management and implementation, especially for Malaysia as the world’s leader in the halal industry. Therefore, it is important to determine the awareness among Muslim university students on job opportunities and their intentions to choose career paths in the halal industry. The objectives of this study were to determine the level of Muslim university students’ awareness, knowledge and attitude towards halal jobs as well as to determine the relationship between awareness, knowledge and attitude of behavioural intention towards halal jobs. A structured questionnaire was used as a research instrument to collect responses from 1,454 final year Muslim university students in public and private universities located in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Data were analysed using descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation methods. Results of the study revealed that the Muslim university students have a high level of awareness, an adequate level of knowledge and an adequate level of attitude towards halal jobs. Besides, there was a moderate relationship observed between awareness and attitudes among Muslim university students. The present study concluded that positive awareness, knowledge, and attitude towards halal jobs influenced significantly on the respondents’ behavioural intention towards their halal job preference. This study contributes to the growth and development of halal industries and halal jobs for the Muslims community to explore and reduce unemployment among Muslims with satisfactory human resources management practiced by the employers. Relationship between awareness, knowledge, and attitude of behaviourial intention towards halal jobs among
‘‘Who is driving around me?’’ Situational Awareness in Traffic using Deep Integrated Feature Signatures and Kalman Filtering.

Being aware of other traﬃc is a prerequisite for self-driving cars to operate in the real world. In this paper, we show how the intrinsic feature maps of an object detection CNN can be used to uniquely identify vehicles from dash-cam feed. Additionally, the possibility of tracking vehicles using the ‘YOLO’ network extended with a Kalman ﬁlter is investigated and the resulting challenges are discussed. Feature maps of a pretrained ‘YOLO’ network are used to create 700 deep integrated feature signatures (DIFS) from 20 diﬀerent images of 35 vehicles from a high resolution dataset and 340 signatures from 20 diﬀerent images of 17 vehicles of a lower resolution tracking benchmark dataset. In the ﬁnal layers of the YOLO network, all of these images fall into two classes, being classiﬁed as either a ‘car’ or ‘truck’. 5-Fold nearest neighbor (1-NN) classiﬁcation was used on DIFS created from feature maps in the early layers of the network to correctly identify instances of vehicles at a rate of 96.7% for the high resolution data and with a rate of 86.8% for the lower resolution data. We conclude that the activation patterns of a deep neural detection YOLO network trained to distinguish between diﬀerent classes lend themselves to the creation of deep integrated feature signatures (DIFS), which can be successfully used to identify diﬀerent instances belonging to the same class, especially when feature maps from early layers in the network are used.
Ultrastructure of Human Fertile Hydatid Cysts Using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Introduction: Echinococcosis and hydatidosis caused by the metacestode of Echinococcus granulosus are among the most important zoonotic diseases in the world. This study aims to study the ultrastructure of fertile hydatid cysts that infect humans using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Materials and Methods: Twenty samples of human fertile hydatid cysts were collected from the human liver and lung after performing surgery operations and examined with an SEM. Results: The results of the electron microscopy with different magnifications revealed that the laminated layer (LL) consists of sheets that appeared more compact and aligned. The brood capsules appeared, consisting of a net of finger-shaped structures that emerged from bulges of various sizes and shapes. Conclusion: Under a transmission electron microscope, it was found that the LL had a coherent and flexible structure, settling on a three-dimensional microscopic network of hydrophilic fibers, with high humidity. These fibers were arranged irregularly and had a diameter of about 10 nm; therefore, the fibers adjacent to the germinal layer (GL) were possibly attached to microtriches of tegument, which reached a thickness of 1 mm in the LL.
Comparative study between tension band and compression screw fixation in metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis

AbstrAct Introduction: Tension band wiring (TBW) and compression screw fixation are the most common methods used for proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint arthrodesis. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes between patients treated with those methods. Materials and Methods: A 10-year retrospective comparative study. The study population included skeletally mature patients treated for osteoarthritis or arthritis. Union rates, healing times, complications, and reoperation rates were compared between TBW and compression screw fixation methods. Outcomes were also studied in terms of rheumatic and nonrheumatic patients. results: The study sample consisted of 56 cases and 44 patients (average age, 53 years). Group 1: 35 patients treated with TBW. Group 2: 21 patients treated with compression screw fixation. There were 32 rheumatic cases and 24 nonrheumatic cases. The average follow-up was 24 months. Union rates were 94,2% (Group 1) and 85,7% (Group 2). Complication rates were 11.4% (Group 1) and 23.8% (Group 2). Reoperation rates were 17.1% (Group 1) and 0% (Group 2). conclusions: Both methods have high union rates; however, the nonunion incidence in the compression screw group was almost three times higher than in the TBW group. The reoperation rate was higher in the TBW group, mostly due to hardware removal. Healing time was shorter in non-rheumatic patients regardless of the method.
Preparation of Functional Ice Milk Supplemented With Lupine Flour

T study was proposed to investigate the possibility of utilization of sweet lupine (lupines albus) flour for producing functional ice milk for human consumption. Lupine considers a rich source of protein, minerals, antioxidant, and anti-microbial materials. Sweet lupine flour (SLF) was incorporated with skim milk powder at levels 5%, 15% and 25% respectively to produce healthy ice milk. The effect of replacement on chemical, physical, viscosity, meltdown, rheological, microbial quality and sensory evaluation were evaluated. Protein, fat, ash, TS contents as well as pH values and overrun were increased in all samples which supplemented with SLF compared to control. The acidity was decreased by increasing SLF compared to control. Also, the viscosity of mixes increased by increasing SLF compared to control. As well as melting down value decreased by increasing SLF. Texture profile was affected by replacement with SLF, the hardness increased by increasing the amount of SLF from2049.49 gf in control to 2347.98, 2937.19 and 3100.05 gf for 5, 15 and 25% SLF, respectively. The microbiological aspect was improved specially the sample contained 25% SLF which had the lowest total bacterial count. The sensory properties of ice milk especially sample contained 5% SLF had the highest overall acceptability compared with other samples.
Performance evaluation and monitoring of the tunnel excavation with a Mobile Tunnel Borer

The use of Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM) for tunnel excavation is widespread around the world for its capabilities and great advantages against the traditional tunnel excavation method, but sometimes this technology can be difficult to manage, requiring huge spaces for the assembly on the job site and involving complex installations at the tail of the machine. Aiming at creating a versatile and compact tunnel borer, TunnelPro and Master Drilling designed the MTB (Mobile Tunnel Borer) that is built on crawlers, easy and fast to assembly with no need of special equipment. This prototype MTB is currently excavating a Platinum mine in South Africa, being tested in very hard rocks. The study here presented, carried out by GEEG srl, startup of Sapienza University of Rome, compares the actual values of thrust, torque, penetration and cutter wear recorded during the trial excavation monitoring with those estimated with models commonly used in TBM performance prediction. The aims of this study, still ongoing, are a better comprehension of the MTB operation in terms of efficiency, work of the excavation tools, load distribution, and the evaluation of the adequacy of the most known methods when applied to this prototype machine.
Diversity of freshwater fish in Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM): A comparison of diversity between man-made and natural forest in Selangor, Malaysia

This present study aimed to investigate the diversity of freshwater fish in a planted forest within three tributaries, namely Sungai Kroh, Sungai Chemubong, and Sungai Cahaya, in the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) campus. In this study, freshwater fish were sampled using a backpack electro-fisher and scoop nets along 100m transect lines for each sampling site (at upper, middle, and lower part) of the respective river. All individuals collected were examined and measured to identify at their species level. However, we found no fish presence in Sg. Cahaya across all sub-section of the tributary. Hence, the result of fish was based on two tributaries of Sg. Kroh and Sg. Chemubong. A total of 235 individual freshwater fish recorded in FRIM belong to 10 species comprising six families. The highest recorded family belongs to Cyprinidae (30%), followed by Channidae and Danionidae families with 20% respectively, whereas the other three family only represent 10% respectively. Shannon-Wiener indices showed that the highest diversity was recorded for Sg. Chemubong, H = 1.283, while the lowest was recorded for Sg. Kroh, H = 1.097. The highest Evenness index of fish species was detected for Sg. Chemubong, E = 0.5098 and the lowest for Sg. Kroh, E = 0.2994. We carried out a similarity analysis by comparing freshwater fish from adjacent natural forest reserves, namely Sungai Kanching Forest Reserve. Based on the presence-absence data, the species composition of the freshwater fish between the man-made forest (FRIM campus) and natural forest (Sungai Kanching Forest Reserve) was almost 82% similar based on the Sørensen similarity index. The discussion was made based on the available findings in this study to illustrate the freshwater ecosystem stability in a man-made tropical forest, for instance, in FRIM Campus.
The social cost of carbon dioxide under climate-economy feedbacks and temperature variability

A key statistic describing climate change impacts is the ‘social cost of carbon dioxide’ (SCCO2), the projected cost to society of releasing an additional tonne of CO2. Cost-benefit integrated assessment models that estimate the SCCO2 lack robust representations of climate feedbacks, economy feedbacks, and climate extremes. We compare the PAGE-ICE model with the decade older PAGE09 and find that PAGE-ICE yields SCCO2 values about two times higher, because of its climate and economic updates. Climate feedbacks only account for a relatively minor increase compared to other updates. Extending PAGE-ICE with economy feedbacks demonstrates a manifold increase in the SCCO2 resulting from an empirically derived estimate of partially persistent economic damages. Both the economy feedbacks and other increases since PAGE09 are almost entirely due to higher damages in the Global South. Including an estimate of interannual temperature variability increases the width of the SCCO2 distribution, with particularly strong effects in the tails and a slight increase in the mean SCCO2. Our results highlight the large impacts of climate change if future adaptation does not exceed historical trends. Robust quantification of climate-economy feedbacks and climate extremes are demonstrated to be essential for estimating the SCCO2 and its uncertainty.
Pondok community participation in sustainable solid waste management practices

This study is focusing on Pondok community participation in a sustainable solid waste management programme. Besides that, the factors that influence Pondok community participation, such as knowledge and awareness, were explored. This study adopted a stratified sampling technique with 99 respondents from Pondok Pasir Tumboh, Kota Bharu, Kelantan were participating in this study. The data was processed SPSS software with descriptive and inferential analysis. This study revealed that Pondok community has excellent knowledge and awareness regarding sustainable solid waste management practices. However, the exercise of Pondok community in sustainable solid waste management is still moderate. Besides that, this study also found out that the different groups of age, marital status, and education level significantly influence Pondok community’s participation in sustainable solid waste management practices. The findings of this study are crucial in providing the preliminary data of Pondok community readiness and willingness to practice sustainable solid waste management like recycling and composting.
Application of POMOF composites for CO2 fixation into cyclic carbonates

The problem of global warming is one of the major concerns in the world today as there has been continuous rise in temperature resulting from increase in the emission of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2). Recently, carbon dioxide is considered as an abundant C1 feed-stock for organic transformations, due to its free availability, non-toxicity, and simplicity in handling. The synthesis of metal-organic framework/polyoxometalates supported composites (POM@MOF), were prepared by incorporation of Keggin type-polyoxometalate groups via impregnation method. The as-synthesized composites were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), which confirm the presence of the polyoxometalates group after formation of the composites. The composites were employed as catalyst for the conversion of CO2 and epichlorohydrin into cyclic chloropropylene carbonate. The reaction was carried out under mild condition of atmospheric pressure in a schlenk tube without addition of any co-catalyst or solvent and the yield have shown progressive increase over time as indicated by GC results from 30% at 6 h duration to 87% over a period of 48 h of continuous siring.
A new strategy for curriculum learning using model distillation

In recent years, deep neural networks have been successful in both industry and academia, especially for computer vision tasks. Humans and animals learn much better when gradually presented in a meaningful order showing more concepts and complex samples rather than randomly presenting the information. The use of such training strategies in the context of artificial neural networks is called curriculum learning. In this study, a strategy was developed for curriculum learning. Using the CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 training sets, the last few layers of the pre-trained on ImageNet Xception model were trained to keep the training set knowledge in the model’s weight. Finally, a much smaller model was trained with the sample sorting methods presented using these difficulty levels. The findings obtained in this study show that the accuracy value generated when trained by the method we provided with the accuracy value trained with randomly mixed data was more than 1% for each epoch. Keywords: Curriculum learning, model distillation, deep learning, academia, neural networks.
Sex Differences in Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Risk

Background: Body composition differs between men and women, with women having proportionally more fat mass and men more muscle mass. Although men and women are both susceptible to obesity, health consequences differ between the sexes. The purpose of our study was to assess sex differences in body composition using anatomic and functional imaging techniques, and its relationship to cardiometabolic risk markers in subjects with overweight/obesity. Methods: After written informed consent, we prospectively recruited 208 subjects with overweight/obesity who were otherwise healthy (94 men, 114 women, age 37 ± 10 years, BMI 35 ± 6 kg/m). Subjects underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and computed tomography (CT) for fat and muscle mass, proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS) for intrahepatic (IHL) and intramyocellular lipids (IMCL), an oral glucose tolerance test, serum insulin, lipids, and inflammatory markers. Men and women were compared by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Linear correlation and multivariate analyses between body composition and cardiometabolic risk markers were performed. Results: Women and men were of similar mean age and BMI (p≥ 0.2). Women had higher %fat mass, extremity fat, and lower lean mass compared to men (p≤ 0.0005). However, men had higher visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and IMCL and higher age-and BMI-adjusted IHL (p < 0.05). At similar age and BMI, men had a more detrimental cardiometabolic risk profile compared to women (p < 0.01). However, VAT in women, and IMCL in men, were more strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk markers, while more lower extremity fat was associated with a more favorable cardiometabolic profile in women compared to men (p≤ 0.03). Conclusions: Although the male pattern of fat distribution is associated with a more detrimental cardiometabolic risk profile compared to women of similar age and BMI, VAT is more strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk markers in women, while IMCL are more detrimental in men. Lower extremity fat is relatively protective, in women more than in men. This suggests that detailed anatomic and functional imaging, rather than BMI, provides a more complete understanding of metabolic risk associated with sex differences in fat distribution.