Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dissociable neural circuits underlie the resolution of three discrete sources of competition during task-switching

Humans perform sub-optimally when juggling more than one task, but are nonetheless required to multitask during many daily activities. Rapidly and effectively switching attentional focus between tasks is fundamental to navigating complex environments. Task-switching paradigms in conjunction with neuroimaging have identified brain networks underpinning flexible reallocation of cognitive resources and a core network of neural regions is repeatedly implicated (i.e., posterior parietal, inferior frontal, anterior cingulate, and middle frontal cortex). Performance costs such as reduced accuracy and slowed responses accompany the first execution of a task following a task-switch. These costs stem from three main sources of competition: 1) the need to reconfigure task-rules, 2) the immediate history of motor responding, and 3) whether inputs to be acted upon provide congruent or incongruent information regarding the appropriate motor response, relative to the recently “switched-away-from” task. Here, we asked whether both common (domain-general) and non-overlapping (dissociable) neural circuits were involved in resolving these three distinct sources of competition under high-demand task-switching conditions. Dissociable neural circuits were active in resolving each of the three sources of competition. No domain-general regions were implicated in all three. Rather, two regions were common across rule-switching and stimulus incongruence, and five regions to incongruence and response-switching. Each source of conflict elicited activation from many regions including the posterior cingulate, thalamus, and cerebellum, regions not commonly implicated in the task-switching literature. These results suggest that dissociable neural networks are principally responsible for resolving different sources of competition, but with partial interaction of some overlapping domain-general circuitry.
Vibration Analysis and Empirical Law Definition for Different Equipment in a Civil Construction

The potential affection of any construction, and especially historical sites, is of great concern for their long-term maintenance and stability. This study has determined the vibration behavior in poor-quality rock mass conditions generated by some of the most typical equipment used in construction: excavator, ripper, ripper vibrator, hydraulic hammer, bulldozer and vibrating roller. Several empirical expressions are proposed to know the maximum velocity at different distances for each type of equipment, taking into account the intensity of the vibration generated and its pattern. A general equation has also been defined to determine the vibration propagation along the distance at a construction site, based on the impact generated by all the possible vibration elements, exogenous and endogenous, including machinery working individually or in any possible combination and number. On the other hand, the maximum allowable velocity in the case study is also discussed and compared to international standards, stating some recommendations. It would be very important to have a clear legislation in this regard due to the high density of sensitive constructions in Spain and the economic implications of applying too high or too low standard values.
Road salts effects on soil chemical and microbial properties at grassland and forest site in protected natural areas

Road salting is used as a dominant way to keep road safety in winter, even in the protected natural areas. In our study, possible effects of winter road salting on soil microorganisms in close road vicinity were investigated. Soil chemical and microbial properties were monitored at a forest site in the Krkonose Mountains national park and at a grassland site in the Kokorinsko protected landscape area (both located in the Czech Republic) in two sampling campaigns (autumn and spring). Effects of road salting on soil chemical properties (Na+ and Cl- levels, pH, base saturation etc.) were clearly apparent at both sites. The most affected plots were 1 and 5 m from the road (increased pH, base saturation, and Na+ accumulation). At these plots, changes of microbial parameters were observed in both autumn and spring sampling, which suggested influence of salts. Increased value of metabolic quotient (qCO(2)) indicated stress and potential ammonification was inhibited even 5 m from the road at the forest site. Hence, possible influence on soil biological quality should be considered when assessing the ecological risks of this kind of road treatment, especially in natural protected areas.
Isolation and Evaluation of Bacteria Exhibiting Multiple Plant Growth Traits in the Rhizosphere of Yellow Bell Pepper (Capsicum chinense)

Aim: The study identified and evaluated bacteria exhibiting multiple plant growth traits in the Rhizosphere of Yellow Bell Pepper (Capsicum chinense). Study Design: Seeds of Capsicum chinense were planted in a soil and allowed to grow. After five eeks of planting, soil samples from the rhizosphere were collected and the bacterial community present in the rhizosphere soil of Capsicum chinense was studied. The isolated organisms were assessed for their ability to produce plant growth promoting traits. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at an agricultural research farmland in the Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria. Methodology: Seeds of Capiscum chinense were planted in the soil samples in a greenhouse. Rhizosphere soil was collected for analysis to identify the bacterial composition of the rhizosphere soil. Results: In this study the presence of Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium sp, Enterococcus feacalis and Bacillus polymyxa were evident in the rhizosphere samples collected. All isolates showed multiple plant growth promoting traits except Staphylococcus aureushich was positive for hydrogen cyanide production only. Conclusion: The results from this study showed that the bacterial community present in the soil can be used to effect significant vegetative crop yield and agricultural production. The isolated rhizobacteria can be formulated as bio-fertilizers or bioinnoculants, etc.
Achieving Environmentally Responsible Behavior for Tourists and Residents: A Norm Activation Theory Perspective

Applying Norm Activation Theory to tourism, this study develops a conceptual model for both tourists and residents starting from their awareness of the negative environmental consequences of tourism, addressing ascription of responsibility, environmental sensitivity, place attachment, and environmentally responsible behavior. This research shows that ascription of responsibility mediates the relationship between awareness of negative consequences and that environmentally responsible behavior and environmental sensitivity and place attachment moderate the mediation. Consequently, developing awareness of the consequences of tourism is important to developing strong responsibility ascription and environmentally responsible behavior. The model is split to compare residents and tourists, and systematic differences in the path estimates emerge for the two groups. Furthermore, different types of tourists are compared, revealing that awareness of the negative environmental consequences of tourism and ascription of responsibility are unvaried for new and experienced tourists, but that tourists’ visit length significantly affects both awareness and place attachment.
Drug Sensitivity of T. b. Brucei Stabilates from Livestock in Lamu County, Kenya

Four trypanosome stabilates previously identified by PCR as T. b. brucei were isolated from livestock in Lamu and tested for drug sensitivity. The stabilates were grown in mice and characterized as either sensitive or resistant using a single dose of; Isometamidium (1.0mgkg-1), Diminazene (20mgkg-1) or Homidium (1.0mgkg-1). Effective and curative doses were noted and evaluated through t-test and bio-assay descriptive graphical analyses. Clinical changes and mortality, Packed Cell Volume (PCV), parasitaemia and weight changes were monitored for 60 days post infection. KETRI 4028 responded to Isometamidium and Diminazene. KETRI 4032, KETRI 3985 and KETRI 3984 were resistant. Results indicated presence of T. b. brucei sub populations circulating in Lamu with multiple resistance to drugs used and 25% of sub-population of T. b. brucei that may be sensitive to Isometamidium and Diminazene. Homidium should be discouraged while use of Diminazene and Isometamidium should be used with caution.
Effect of Tranquil and Active Video Representations of an Unfamiliar Dog on Subjective Mental States

The aim of this pilot study was to examine the effects of different videos of an unfamiliar dog (tranquil and active) on subjective mental state measures. All participants watched two videos of an unfamiliar dog (tranquil and active). Subjective measures of stress, anxiety, alertness, attention, likeability, and cuteness were assessed. The results showed that the tranquil dog video significantly decreased anxiety only. Additionally, the active dog video significantly decreased stress and anxiety. Across the videos, the results showed the active dog video significantly improved subjective alertness and attention when compared with the tranquil dog video. Lastly, the active dog video was rated more likeable and cuter relative to the tranquil dog video. The practical implications of these findings could include how to improve various subjective mental states for humans in public settings (e.g., hospital) where nonhuman animals are not always allowed.
Emerging Biophilic Urbanism: The Value of the Human–Nature Relationship in the Urban Space

The research presented in this article adopts an urban sociology perspective to explore the relationship between spaces designed with biophilic principles and people’s pro-environmental values and behaviors. The research hypothesized that biophilic design and planning promote connectedness with nature and are positively related to pro-environmental and more sustainable values and behaviors. The contemporary city asserts the need for new paradigms and conceptual frameworks for reconfiguring the relationship between the urban environment and the natural environment. In order to understand whether biophilic design, planning, and policies can meet the global challenges regarding the future existence on earth of humans, focus groups were conducted to investigate how people’s relationship with the built-up space and the natural landscape is perceived, and to what extent the inclusion of nature and its patterns at various levels of urban planning meets people’s expectations. The results suggest that biophilic design and planning can be considered a useful paradigm to deal with the challenges that are posed by the city of the future, also in terms of sustainability, by reinterpreting and enhancing the human–nature relation in the urban context.
Effects of Artemia nauplii enrichment with a bacterial species (Weissiella koreensis) on growth performance and survival rate of stellate sturgeon larvae (Acipenser stellatus)

Artemia franciscana nauplii was enriched with a bacterial species Weissiella koreensis (lactic acid gram-positive) isolated from the alimentary tract of Stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus), at 3 levels. Treatments included T1: 6.9×10 4 colony-forming units (CFU) mL -1 , T2: 6.9×10 5 CFU mL -1 , T3: 6.9×10 6 CFU mL -1 and their effects were compared with the control diet (no probiotic were added). Each diet was fed to triplicate tanks. In total 3600 larvae were distributed in 12 fiberglass tanks (300 larvae per each tank contain 100 L of water). The larvae were fed, 60% of the body weight per day, with enriched Artemia nauplii, immediately after absorption of yolk sac, 6 times a day for 14 days. The results showed that, enrichment of Artemia nauplii with Weissiella koreensis in the T1, T2 and T3 could significantly enhance feed conversion ratio (FCR), in comparison with control (P<0.05). Survival in T3 and T1 was significantly more than control (P<0.05). Also biomass increase, in T3 was significantly more than control (P<0.05). It can be stated that, the T3, in term of effect on growth performance was in a more favorable condition than others treatments and control.
Bolstering human capital management and engagement in the health sectors

Abstract The health sector is one of the cornerstones and most viable tool for sustainable development. The quest for improved performance has developed momentum over the past years, and this has increased the demand for excellent service. Still, surprisingly the process and array of complexities in employees’ selection, education, as well as their career development in the health sector is worrisome with heightened attrition rate. Hence, this paper examines how holistic human capital management is nurtured, implemented and practiced in Nigeria’s health sector. The human capital and social exchange theories were also used to explain the issues. The study adopts a cross-sectional approach and descriptive research design to establish trends related to the objectives of this study. A quantitative approach was employed using a modified survey questionnaire in purposively sampling 408 selected health workers in the south-west, Nigeria. The use of measurement model and structural equation modelling (SEM_PLS) was adopted to establish the convergent reliability, model-fit and degree of association. The results established that human capital management dimensions (training and development, mentoring, employee relations, coaching, job design and career development) are significant predictors of employee engagement. Surprisingly, career development and mentoring had the least values. The study concluded by providing a quite detailed analysis of the assumptions underpinning holistic human capital management in Nigeria’s health sector and also putting forth viable and pragmatic recommendations.
The Influence of School Entry Skills in Literacy and Numeracy on the Science Achievement of Fourth Grade Students and Schools in Asian Regions

This study examined the associations between school entry skills and science achievement at both the student and school levels among fourth-grade students in South Korea, Singapore, Japan, Chinese Taipei, and Hong Kong. Data of the five Asian regions in the 2015 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) were analysed. Variables included Interest, Self-concept, School entry skills - reported by parents, Cognitive activities, Parent attitudes toward mathematics and science, Home educational resources, and Gender, all at the student level, and Emphasis on academic success, Discipline problems, and School entry skills – reported by principals at the school level. Results of the multilevel path analysis indicated that School entry skills positively and directly influenced science achievement, and simultaneously mediated the influence from cognitive activities to science achievement at the student level. These findings were consistent among the five Asian regions. At the school level, it was found that compared to School entry skills, School emphasis on academic success was the stronger predictor of science achievement among students for most Asian regions. Implications for improving primary school students’ science learning are discussed.
PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID 19 DI KELOMPOK BERMAIN (KB) MAWAR DESA SUMBERKOLAK SITUBONDO TAHUN 2020

Pandemi covid 19 telah memberikan dampak yang luar biasa didunia pendidikan. Dengan adanya pandemi ini menjadikan masyarakat takut untuk melakukan kontak sosial secara langsung dengan orang lain sehingga pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan untuk lock down bahkan banyak sekolah yang diliburkan. PAUD mawar Sumberkolak sebagai salah satu lembaga pendidikan yang terdampak covid tetap berusaha melaksanakan pembelajaran ditengah pandemi covid 19 dengan menggunakan sistem daring atau online dengan menggunakan aplikasi WA. Banyak sekali permasalahan yang muncul dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran online ini, baik itu permasalahan yang muncul dari guru, siswa dan wali siswa. Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif untuk menganalisis data penelitian terkait pembelajaran online yang dilaksanakan di PAUD Mawar Sumberkolak, Situbondo. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah PAUD Mawar Sumberkolak tetap berusaha melaksanakan pembelajaran walaupun masih berjalan dengan maksimal karena masih banyak problematika yang muncul dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran tersebut. Salah satu solusi yang dapat ditawarkan adalah perlu adanya sosialisasi dan pembimbingan terhadap wali siswa dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran online.
Towards a healthy school climate: The mediating effect of transformational leadership on cultural intelligence and organisational health

In the ever-changing 21st-century landscape characterised by emerging global and technical trends, the search for relevant leaders in school systems relies on the premises of building a conducive, adaptive and inclusive learning environment. Thus, this article aims to examine the mediating effect of transformational leadership attributes of school leaders on their cultural intelligence and the organisational health of secondary schools in Kuala Lumpur. Using a quantitative design, a survey questionnaire was administered to 476 school leaders in Kuala Lumpur. The results from the survey were analysed using PLS-SEM technique with SmartPLS software, which established the direct effects of cultural intelligence on transformational leadership and organisational health. In addition, transformational leadership was determined to have a direct effect on organisational health. The evaluation of the structural model revealed that transformational leadership has a mediating effect on cultural intelligence of school leaders and organisational health of secondary schools. Aside from advancing the theoretical understanding of school leadership, the results of this article present reflection points for current and aspiring school leaders, opportunities for inclusion of cultural understanding in school leadership programs, and provisions in policies in organisational development in multicultural schools.
Modeling a helical fluid inerter system with time‐invariant mem‐models

In this paper, experimental data from tests of a helical fluid inerter are used to model the observed hysteretic behavior. The novel idea is to test the feasibility of employing mem‐models, which are time‐invariant herein, to capture the observed phenomena by using physically meaningful state variables. First, we use a Masing model concept, identified with a multilayer feedforward neural network to capture the physical characteristics of the hysteresis functions. Following this, a more refined problem formulation based on the concept of a multi‐element model including a mem‐inerter is developed. This is compared with previous definitions in the literature and shown to be a more general model. Throughout this paper, numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the type of dynamic responses anticipated using the proposed time‐invariant mem‐models. Corresponding experimental measurements are processed to demonstrate and justify the new mem‐modeling concepts. Focusing on identifying the unknown function forms in the proposed problem formulations, the results show that it is possible to formulate a unified model constructed using both the damper and inerter from the mem‐model family. This model captures many of the more subtle features of the underlying physics, not captured by other forms of existing model.
Genetic Studies in F3 Progenies of Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.)

Bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. ] is one of the most popular vegetables of the family cucurbitaceae, with a chromosome number 2n=22. It is a highly cross pollinated crop due to its monoecious and andromonecious nature (Swiander and Maccollum, 1994). Bottle gourd was originated in Africa (Singh, 1990) and from there by floating on the seas, it travelled to India, where it has evolved into numerous local varieties, and has spread to China, Indonesia and far to New Zealand.
Predictors of Adults’ Metacognitive Monitoring Ability: The Roles of Task and Item Characteristics

Abstract Learners’ monitoring judgments during reading are based on a variety of cues, and the roles of task features in promoting and constraining judgment accuracy are beginning to be understood. This work examined task and item characteristics influencing adults’ monitoring of performance during reading and study tasks. In Study 1a, adults (N = 242) read an expository text, provided text ratings, completed comprehension items, and provided confidence judgments during testing. Readers’ text complexity ratings predicted their item-level confidence, while their ratings of interest and cohesion predicted their bias scores. In Study 1b, the roles of linguistic features in predicting item-level monitoring estimates were examined using the comprehension items (item n = 23) from Study 1a. Selected item features, including length, ease, density, concreteness, and meaningfulness, were examined. Item ease significantly predicted item-level bias, while ease, density, concreteness, and meaningfulness predicted item-level confidence. Study 2 (N = 68) applied similar procedures to examine the effect of item feedback on the contributions of item features to learners’ monitoring. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two item feedback conditions. Item density emerged as a significant predictor of item-level confidence, but only for those who first received item-by-item correctness feedback followed by massed feedback. Implications for future research are discussed.
Harvest method does not affect survival and condition during gonad enhancement of an overabundant sea urchin

Interest in sea urchin roe enhancement aquaculture is growing due to an increased global demand for high-quality roe that is suitable for export to international markets. Yet, finetuning of efficient collection methods and improved growing techniques are still key bottlenecks to industry success. Urchins suitable for roe enhancement are generally collected from rocky barrens where they occur in high densities. Few studies have investigated the efficiency of methods used to collect urchins from barrens or the associated shortand long-term handling effects due to collection methods. Here, we tested 2 methods to collect the purple sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma, a species that is highly abundant in barrens in temperate waters and which is a viable candidate for roe enhancement aquaculture. We assessed shortand long-term survival, external urchin condition and final gonad indices after 12 wk of roe enhancement. Divers using a 3-pronged hook and catch bag collected urchins 1.9 times faster (392 urchins h−1) than careful hand collection (207 urchins h−1). Collection method did not significantly influence mortality rate, external health or gonad indices after 12 wk of roe enhancement. Our results show that H. erythrogramma in barrens is robust to rapid mechanical collection by divers, which increases its suitability as a candidate capture-based aquaculture species.