Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The cognitive, emotional, and behavioral sequelae of trauma exposure: An integrative approach to examining trauma's effect.

OBJECTIVE In this study, we tested direct pathways from trauma exposure to trauma symptomatology and risky and self-destructive behavior and indirect pathways through two cognitive and affective mechanisms: (a) world assumptions and (b) emotion dysregulation. METHOD A sample of 270 undergraduate students with an average age of 20.02 years participated in the study (204 women, 65 men, and one participant choosing not to disclose). Participants completed self-report measures assessing trauma exposure, trauma symptoms, emotion dysregulation, world assumptions, and lifetime and past-month engagement in any of 38 risky and self-destructive behaviors. RESULTS The direct path from trauma exposure to trauma symptoms was significant, and so was the indirect effect of self-worth assumptions on this association. The indirect pathway between trauma symptoms and risky and self-destructive behavior in the past month was significant through difficulties with impulse control when distressed. Trauma symptoms had an indirect effect on the association between trauma exposure and lifetime and past-month engagement in risky and self-destructive behavior, while the direct pathway from trauma exposure to lifetime engagement remained significant. CONCLUSION We offer theoretically and empirically supported integrative pathways that explicate some aspects of trauma exposure's negative sequelae with potential areas for intervention. Clinical Impact Statement: Trauma exposure is widespread and is associated with negative views about oneself and the world and with difficulties in managing one's emotions, which in part is associated with individuals' risk for developing psychopathology and engaging in risky and self-destructive behaviors. The findings inform optimal time for intervention and prevention efforts targeting trauma exposure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
IL-35 promotes CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs and inhibits atherosclerosis via maintaining CCR5-amplified Treg-suppressive mechanisms

Tregs play vital roles in suppressing atherogenesis. Pathological conditions reshape Tregs and increase Treg-weakening plasticity. It remains unclear how Tregs preserve their function and how Tregs switch into alternative phenotypes in the environment of atherosclerosis. In this study, we observed a great induction of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs in the spleen and aorta of ApoE–/– mice, accompanied by a significant increase of plasma IL-35 levels. To determine if IL-35 devotes its role in the rise of Tregs, we generated IL-35 subunit P35–deficient (IL-35P35–deficient) mice on an ApoE–/– background and found Treg reduction in the spleen and aorta compared with ApoE–/– controls. In addition, our RNA sequencing data show the elevation of a set of chemokine receptor transcripts in the ApoE–/– Tregs, and we have validated higher CCR5 expression in ApoE–/– Tregs in the presence of IL-35 than in the absence of IL-35. Furthermore, we observed that CCR5+ Tregs in ApoE–/– have lower Treg-weakening AKT-mTOR signaling, higher expression of inhibitory checkpoint receptors TIGIT and PD-1, and higher expression of IL-10 compared with WT CCR5+ Tregs. In conclusion, IL-35 counteracts hyperlipidemia in maintaining Treg-suppressive function by increasing 3 CCR5-amplified mechanisms, including Treg migration, inhibition of Treg weakening AKT-mTOR signaling, and promotion of TIGIT and PD-1 signaling.
Genetic evidence for the involvement of Dicer-like 2 and 4 as well as Argonaute 2 in the Nicotiana benthamiana response against Pelargonium line pattern virus

In plants, RNA silencing functions as a potent antiviral mechanism. Virus-derived double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) trigger this mechanism, being cleaved by Dicer-like (DCL) enzymes into virus small RNAs (vsRNAs). These vsRNAs guide sequence-specific RNA degradation upon their incorporation into an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) that contains a slicer of the Argonaute (AGO) family. Host RNA dependent-RNA polymerases, particularly RDR6, strengthen antiviral silencing by generating more dsRNA templates from RISC-cleavage products that, in turn, are converted into secondary vsRNAs by DCLs. Previous work showed that Pelargonium line pattern virus (PLPV) is a very efficient inducer and target of RNA silencing as PLPV-infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants accumulate extraordinarily high amounts of vsRNAs that, strikingly, are independent of RDR6 activity. Several scenarios may explain these observations including a major contribution of dicing versus slicing for defence against PLPV, as the dicing step would not be affected by the RNA silencing suppressor encoded by the virus, a protein that acts via vsRNA sequestration. Taking advantage of the availability of lines of N. benthamiana with DCL or AGO2 functions impaired, here we have tried to get further insights into the components of the silencing machinery that are involved in anti-PLPV-silencing. Results have shown that DCL4 and, to lesser extent, DCL2 contribute to restrict viral infection. Interestingly, AGO2 apparently makes even a higher contribution in the defence against PLPV, extending the number of viruses that are affected by this particular slicer. The data support that both dicing and slicing activities participate in the host race against PLPV.
Anatomy of lacrimal sac fossa affecting success rate in endoscopic and external dacryocystorhinostomy surgery in Mongolians

To study the affect of anatomical variance of lacrimal sac fossa on dacryocystorhinostomies (DCR) performed by the traditional external (EX-DCR) approach or an endoscopic (EN-DCR) endonasal approach. A total of 292 consecutive cases with primary nasolacrimal obstruction underwent DCR surgery. Orbital computed tomography scan was used to measure lacrimal sac fossa and other related structures and Lac-Q questionnaire was used to compare surgery result. Maxillary portion of lacrimal sac fossa is thicker in failed surgery group than successful surgery group (P<0.05). Lateral nasal structures (uncinate process, operculum of the middle turbinate, agger nasi) are dominantly adjusting to lacrimal sac fossa in failed surgery group (P<0.05). Patients who underwent EX-DCR has a 6.0-point and EN-DCR group 11.0-point improvement (P<0.016) in Lac-Q questionnaire. Patients who have a thick frontal process of the maxilla and uncinate process, operculum of the middle turbinate, ethmoid cells adjusting to lacrimal fossa are prone to have recurrence of nasolacrimal duct obstruction after DCR surgery. The EN-DCR and the EX-DCR approach have an equivalent surgical success rate but improvement in quality of life by using the Lac-Q questionnaire is greater in the endoscopic group when compared with the external.
Switching between reference adalimumab and biosimilars in chronic immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases: A systematic literature review

Adalimumab is a biological therapy used to treat different chronic inflammatory diseases. At present, there is an increasing number of adalimumab biosimilars. To assume the acceptability of interchangeability between reference adalimumab and biosimilars, there should be evidence about efficacy and safety of this switching. Regulation of this practice falls under the authority of individual European Union Member States. The aim of this study is to
The Imperative Need for Criminological Research on the European Roma: A Narrative Review

Except for the knowledge that the Roma people endure harsh conditions and are victims of discrimination, scarce criminological research has given detailed attention to further victimisation or offending among the Romanies. Identifying articles in the browsers Web of Science, Google Scholar and Google, we reviewed European publications (1997–2020) in English, French, Romanian or Spanish that addressed the Roma’s victimisation or offending. The 44 studies that matched our criteria suggested that (1) Roma people are victims of hate crimes with devastating consequences; (2) Roma children and women are victims of domestic violence to a greater degree than other groups, although the Roma tend to oppose violence against women; (3) forced early marriages exist among some Romanies and may cause serious problems in adulthood; (4) youth delinquency among the Roma does not differ from that of the non-Roma, although Roma adolescents face more deprivation; (5) Roma men and women are overrepresented in prison and face many difficulties in re-entering society once they are released and (6) there are organised criminal activities in some Roma groups that are supported by their community. Further rigorous post-positivist research, particularly quantitative, is needed to generalise the findings and replicate former studies. Areas of special interest are the causes of anti-Roma discrimination other than ethnicity, the victimisation of children, the Roma’s lack of institutional trust and the relation between victimisation and offending. Conducting comparisons with the general population is essential, and we propose that victims’ surveys and self-reported delinquency studies include questions on ethnicity.
The dynamics of coping, positive emotions, and well-being: Evidence from Latin American immigrant farmworkers and college students during a time of political strife.

In the present article, we use daily diary methodology to investigate how coping influences well-being via the engagement of positive emotions in immigrant farmworkers and university students from diverse ethnic backgrounds. In Study 1, in a sample of Latinx immigrant farmworkers (N = 76), we found that the daily use of adaptive coping strategies predicted greater daily well-being, and that this relationship was accounted for by greater daily experiences of positive emotions. In Study 2, in a sample of college students from Latinx, Asian, and European American backgrounds (N = 336), we replicated the mediating effect of positive emotionality on the effect of adaptive coping on daily well-being and extended these findings to an examination of longitudinal well-being. This work provides evidence of one mechanism by which coping affects well-being and is one of the first studies of these dynamics in Latinx samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Responses to reduced nicotine cigarette marketing features: a systematic review

Objective To systematically review the literature regarding responses to commercial and public health marketing features for reduced nicotine cigarettes (RNCs) to anticipate potential industry and regulatory actions should an RNC product standard be issued. Data sources We searched PubMed for English-language articles using several keywords for reduced nicotine products, cigarettes and marketing features published through 2020. Study selection Of 4092 records, 26 studies were retained for review that met criteria focusing on responses to RNC marketing features. Data extraction Search terms created by the research team were used for review and included independent extraction and coding by two reviewers. Coding was categorised using study design terminology, commercial and public health features in tobacco regulatory science, and their association with individual responses outlined by several message processing outcomes. Data synthesis Most studies focused on current cigarette smokers and were cross-sectional. Reactions to RNCs and attitudes and beliefs were the most common outcomes measured. For commercial features, articles generally studied RNC advertisements, products and/or descriptors. For public health features, articles studied counter-messaging (eg, warning labels) or general descriptors about nicotine or a reduced nicotine product standard. Commercial features were generally associated with favourable responses. Public health features offset favourable responses across most outcomes, though their efficacy was mixed. Contrasts in results by smoking status are discussed. Conclusions Commercial marketing of RNCs is appealing and may need stronger regulations or communication campaigns to accurately convey risks. Opportunities exist for future research within tobacco regulatory science.
Adaptation during spinal cord injury rehabilitation: The role of appraisal and coping.

OBJECTIVE To test the spinal cord injury adjustment model (SCIAM) by examining whether primary appraisals (threat or loss) and coping strategies (approach-oriented and denial) sequentially mediate the impact of functional independence, psychological resources, and social support on depressive and anxiety symptoms among individuals with spinal cord injury during inpatient rehabilitation. METHOD Path analyses of longitudinal data from a Swiss inception cohort study (N = 207). Models were implemented separately for depressive and anxiety symptoms. RESULTS The initial models based on the SCIAM yielded poor fit and were respecified. Different from the SCIAM's assumptions, psychological resources and threat appraisal showed direct effects on depressive symptoms (β = -.28, SE = .07, p < .001 and β = .33, SE = .07, p < .001, respectively), while social support and threat appraisal showed direct effects on anxiety symptoms (β = -.23, SE = .06, p < .001 and β = .42, SE = .06, p < .001, respectively). Primary appraisals and coping strategies partially mediated the effects of psychological resources on depressive symptoms and fully mediated their effect on anxiety symptoms. However, this did not only happen via the SCIAM's sequential double mediation, since indirect effects were also observed via threat appraisal only. The final models explained 40 and 30% of the variance of depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The findings only partially supported the SCIAM's sequential double mediation mechanism. Psychological resources, social support, and primary appraisals can have direct effects on psychological adaptation outcomes and may be suitable intervention targets during inpatient rehabilitation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
ZnS@BSA Nanoclusters Potentiate Efficacy of Cancer Immunotherapy

Although immunotherapy such as immune checkpoint inhibitors has shown promising efficacy in cancer treatment, the responsiveness among patients is relatively limited. Activation of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate‐adenosine monophosphate synthase/interferon gene stimulator (cGAS/STING) signaling pathway to upregulate innate immunity has become an emerging strategy for enhancing tumor immunotherapy. Herein, ZnS@BSA (bovine serum albumin) nanoclusters synthesized via a self‐assembly approach are reported, where the released zinc ions under acidic tumor microenvironment significantly enhance cGAS/STING signals. Meanwhile, intracellular zinc ions can produce reactive oxygen species, which is further facilitated by the generated H2S gas from ZnS@BSA via specifically inhibiting catalase in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. It is found that the nanoclusters activate the cGAS/STING signals in mice, which promotes the infiltration of CD8+ T cells at the tumor site and cross‐presentation of dendritic cells, leading to an improved immunotherapy efficacy against hepatocellular carcinoma.
The biomechanical efficacy of a hydrogel‐based dressing in preventing facial medical device‐related pressure ulcers

Continuous positive airway pressure masks for breathing assistance are used widely during the coronavirus pandemic. Nonetheless, these masks endanger the viability of facial tissues even after a few hours because of the sustained tissue deformations and extreme microclimate conditions. The risk of developing such device‐related pressure ulcers/injuries can be reduced through suitable cushioning materials at the mask‐skin interface, to alleviate localised contact forces. Here, we determined the facial tissue loading state under an oral‐nasal mask while using hydrogel‐based dressing cuts (Paul Hartmann AG, Heidenheim, Germany) for prophylaxis, which is a new concept in prevention of device‐related injuries. For this purpose, we measured the compressive mask‐skin contact forces at the nasal bridge, cheeks, and chin with vs without these dressing cuts and fed these data to a finite element, adult head model. Model variants were developed to compare strain energy densities and effective stresses in skin and through the facial tissue depth, with vs without the dressing cuts. We found that the dry (new) dressing cuts reduced tissue exposures to loads (above the median loading level) by at least 30% at the nasal bridge and by up to 99% at the cheeks, across the tissue depth. These dressing cuts were further able to maintain at least 65% and 89% of their protective capacity under moisture at the nasal bridge and cheeks, respectively. The hydrogel‐based dressings demonstrated protective efficacy at all the tested facial sites but performed the best at the nasal bridge and cheeks, which are at the greatest injury risk.
Feasibility, tolerability, and potential advantages of a dyadic financial incentive treatment for smoking cessation among dual-smoker couples: A pilot study.

As of 2019, 34.1 million adults in the United States smoke cigarettes. People who smoke and who are partnered with other smokers (i.e., dual-smoker couples [DSCs]) represent an estimated two-thirds of U.S. smokers. DSCs face unique obstacles to quitting, are less likely to try to quit, and are more likely to relapse during a quit attempt. Although joint quit attempts hold promise for DSCs' abstinence, few DSCs report trying to quit together. Financial incentive treatments [FITs]-where individuals receive monetary incentives for quitting and maintaining abstinence-increase motivation to quit, and so may help DSCs engage in joint quit attempts. We tested the feasibility and tolerability of adapting a financial incentive treatment to a dyadic context (N = 14 DSCs), in which both individuals of a smoking couple are offered incentives for attendance in a smoking cessation program ($100 USD) and abstinence at follow-up ($100 USD). Ten DSCs (71.4%) completed the follow-up session. Seven participants had biochemically verified abstinence at the follow-up session; of these, six of the seven (86%) were members of DSCs in which both partners were abstinent. Among participants who completed the follow-up session, cravings to smoke and tobacco withdrawal symptom severity were reduced over the study period. Participants rated the study as highly tolerable and listed many benefits and few costs from participation. The present study demonstrates the feasibility, tolerability, and potential advantages of implementing a dyadic financial incentive treatment for smoking cessation for DSCs in the U.S. over the course of 2 months. Public Health Significance: This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility, tolerability, and potential advantages of implementing a dyadic financial incentive treatment for smoking cessation for people who smoke who are coupled with other smokers (dual-smoker couples). The majority of participants (86%) who were abstinent at 2-month follow-up were in a relationship with another smoker who was abstinent at follow-up, suggesting advantages of a dyadic financial incentive treatment to promote joint quit attempts among dual-smoker couples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Hemodynamic Analysis of Cerebral AVMs with 3D Phase-Contrast MR Imaging

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The hemodynamics associated with cerebral AVMs have a significant impact on their clinical presentation. This study aimed to evaluate the hemodynamic features of AVMs using 3D phase-contrast MR imaging with dual velocity-encodings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two patients with supratentorial AVMs who had not received any previous treatment and had undergone 3D phase-contrast MR imaging were included in this study. The nidus diameter and volume were measured for classification of AVMs (small, medium, or large). Flow parameters measured included apparent AVM inflow, AVM inflow index, apparent AVM outflow, AVM outflow index, and the apparent AVM inflow-to-outflow ratio. Correlation coefficients between the nidus volume and each flow were calculated. The flow parameters between small and other AVMs as well as between nonhemorrhagic and hemorrhagic AVMs were compared. RESULTS: Patients were divided into hemorrhagic (n = 8) and nonhemorrhagic (n = 24) groups. The correlation coefficient between the nidus volume and the apparent AVM inflow and outflow was . 83. The apparent AVM inflow and outflow in small AVMs were significantly smaller than in medium AVMs (P < .001 for both groups). The apparent AVM inflow-to-outflow ratio was significantly larger in the hemorrhagic AVMs than in the nonhemorrhagic AVMs (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: The apparent AVM inflow-to-outflow ratio was the only significant parameter that differed between nonhemorrhagic and hemorrhagic AVMs, suggesting that a poor drainage system may increase AVM pressure, potentially causing cerebral hemorrhage.
The roles of suspensions for minor infractions and school climate in predicting academic performance among adolescents.

African American adolescents are grossly overrepresented in rates of school suspensions for minor disciplinary infractions; however, the consequences associated with this disciplinary practice are unknown. African American adolescents who were suspended for minor infractions may perceive school rules and adults as unfair and illegitimate, and these poor perceptions toward school may compromise their social and interpersonal resources necessary for academic success. The present study investigates: (a) whether suspensions for minor infractions predict lower school grades longitudinally, and (b) whether poor school climate perceptions mediate the longitudinal link between suspensions for minor infractions and school grades. Based on 3 years of school records and social survey data from 2,381 adolescents (35% African American, 65% White), results illustrated that more African American adolescents were suspended for minor infractions than their White peers who committed similar infractions. In addition, African American adolescents suspended for minor infractions also had lower grades 1 and 2 years later. The longitudinal relation between suspensions for minor infractions and subsequent grades was partially mediated by African American adolescents' school climate perceptions. Implications are discussed in relation to racial biases and developmentally appropriate, equitable disciplinary practices. Public Significance Statement: The present study shows that more African American youth are suspended for minor infractions than White youth. In addition, these suspensions predicted poor school grades and school climate perceptions for African American youth. These findings raise concerns about school adults' discretion in using punitive school discipline policies and practices, as they may be contributing to academic disparities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).