Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equation of state of the high-pressure Fe3O4 phase and a new structural transition at 70 GPa

Abstract We have investigated the high-pressure behavior of Fe3O4 by in situ X-ray diffraction measurements from 11 to 103 GPa. Up to 70 GPa, the previous observed high-pressure Fe3O4 phase (h-Fe3O4) is stable, with a CaTi2O4-type structure. The compression curve shows an abnormal volume contraction at about 50 GPa, likely associated with the magnetic moment collapse observed at that pressure. Fitting the compression data up to 45 GPa to the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state yields a bulk modulus, KT0 = 172 GPa, and V0 = 277 Å3, with fixed Kʹ = 4. At a pressure between 64 and 73 GPa, a new structural transition was observed in Fe3O4, which can be attributed to a martensitic transformation as described by Yamanaka et al. (2008) for post-spinel structural transition. The diffraction data can be best fitted with a Pnma space group. No breakdown of Fe3O4 was observed up to at least 103 GPa. The new high-pressure polymorph is about 6% denser than the h-Fe3O4 phase at 75 GPa.
Effect of fuel mixture fraction and velocity perturbations on the flame transfer function of swirl stabilized flames

A novel methodology is developed to decompose the classic Flame Transfer Function (FTF) used in the thermo-acoustic stability analysis of lean premix combustors into contributions of different types. The approach is applied, in the context of Large Eddy Simulation (LES), to partially-premixed and fully-premixed flames, which are stabilized via a central recirculation zone as a result of the vortex breakdown phenomenon. The first type of decomposition is into contributions driven by fuel mixture fraction and dynamic velocity fluctuations. Each of these two contributions is further split into the components of turbulent flame speed and flame surface area. The flame surface area component, driven by the pure dynamic velocity fluctuation, which is shown to be a dominant contribution to the overall FTF, is also additionally decomposed over the coherent flow structures using proper orthogonal decomposition. Using a simplified model for the dynamic response of premixed flames, it is shown that the distribution of the FTF, as obtained from LES, is closely related to the characteristics of the velocity field frequency response to the inlet perturbation. Initially, the proposed method is tested and validated with a well characterized laboratory burner geometry. Subsequently, the method is applied to an industrial gas turbine burner.
Genotypisierung mit nuklearen Mikrosatellitenmarkern - Möglichkeiten der Datenauswertung am Beispiel von Buchenpopulationen (Fagus sylvatica L.) aus einem Herkunftsversuch

Bei sechs ausgewahlten Herkunften (zwei aus Deutschland, je eine aus Osterreich, Tschechien, Rumanien und Spanien) aus dem 1995 angelegten Internationalen Buchenherkunftsversuch (Fagus sylvatica L.) wurden in Erganzung zu umfangreichen phanotypischen Datenerhebungen Stichproben von je 50 bis 55 Individuen mit acht nuklearen Mikrosatelliten-Markern genotypisiert. Die festgestellten teilweise starken Abweichungen der Genotypenstrukturen vom Hardy-Weinberg-Gleichgewicht wurden auf zwei wesentliche Ursachen zuruckgefuhrt: 1. auf eine in allen 6 Herkunftsstichproben vorhandene Struktur aus zwei oder drei Subpopulationen, die ihrerseits im Hardy-Weinberg-Gleichgewicht stehen, und 2. auf das Vorkommen von Nullallelen an mehreren Markerloci in teilweise erheblichen Frequenzen. Daruber hinaus konnten aufgrund weiterer Analysen fur funf der sechs untersuchten Herkunftsstichproben relativ ausgewogenen Saatgutanteile der einzelnen Erntebaume angenommen werden. Fur die Herkunft aus Spanien dagegen wurden wahrscheinlich unausgewogene Anteile verwendet oder deutlich weniger als zehn Baume beerntet, was die enge Verwandtschaft von zwolf der untersuchten 50 Individuen nahelegt, die vermutlich eine Halbgeschwisterfamilie bilden. Beim Vergleich der genetischen Strukturen zwischen den Populationen zeigt sich eine klare Abgrenzung der spanischen Herkunft aus dem iberischen eiszeitlichen Refugium von den anderen funf Populationen, die aus dem sudosteuropaischen Refugium stammen. Eine Clusteranalyse gruppiert Herkunfte von relativ kalten Standorten (Deutschland/Harz, Osterreich, Tschechien) und zwei Herkunfte von relativ warmen Standorten (Deutschland/Brandenburg,Rumanien).
The effect of school closures on standardised student test outcomes

The school closures owing to the 2020 COVID‐19 crisis resulted in a significant disruption of education provision, leading to fears of learning losses and of an increase in educational inequality. This article evaluates the effects of school closures based on standardised tests in the last year of primary school in the Dutch‐speaking Flemish region of Belgium. Using a 6‐year panel, we find that students of the 2020 cohort experienced significant learning losses in three out of five tested subjects, with a decrease in school averages of mathematics scores of 0.17 standard deviations and Dutch scores (reading, writing, language) of 0.19 standard deviations as compared to previous cohorts. This finding holds when accounting for school characteristics, standardised tests in Grade 4 and school fixed effects. Given the large observed effect sizes, the effect of school closures appears to be a combination of lost learning progress and learning loss. Moreover, we observe that inequality both within schools and across schools rises by 7% for mathematics and 8% for Dutch. The learning losses are correlated with observed school characteristics, as schools with a more disadvantaged student population experience larger learning losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of British Educational Research Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Physiological and haematological responses of broiler chickens offered cold water and vitamin C during hot-dry season

The effects of cold water and vitamin C on broilers’ rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR) and haematological parameters were evaluated during dry season. Two hundred and sixteen 4-week-old Anak 2000 broilers fed ad libitum were offered either water at ambient temperature (29.5oC; ORD) or cold water (8.0oC; COLD) to which either 0 (-C) or 500 mg vitamin C per litre water (+C) was added to give four treatment groups (ORD-C, ORD+C, COLD-C and COLD+C) from week 5 to 8 of age. There were 3 replicates with 18 birds per replicate. RT and RR were taken for three days weekly at 16.00 h. Blood was sampled weekly for haematological, plasma biochemical and triiodothyronine analyses. Data on RT, RR, packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cell (WBC), heterophil (HET), lymphocyte (LYM), eosinophil (EOS), monocyte (MON), heterophil:lymphocyte ratio (H:L), plasma K+, Na+, glucose (GLU), protein (PRO) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) were subjected to ANOVA using least squares] method. Water temperature had significant (P<0.01) effect on RT and RR. Cold water lowered RT and RR of the birds compared with water at ambient temperature. Similarly, vitamin C in drinking water caused decrease in RT (P<0.001) and RR (P<0.01) compared to ordinary water. Water temperature had no significant (P>0.05) effect on MCHC, MCH, MCV, LMY, EOS, plasma K+, Na+, GLU, PRO and T3. But cold water significantly lowered MON (P<0.05) and increased PCV (P<0.001), RBC (P<0.001),Hb (P<0.001), WBC (P<0.001), HET (P<0.01) and H: L (P<0.05) when compared with water at ambient temperature. Addition of vitamin C significantly increased LYM (P<0.05) and H:L (P<0.05) but decreased HET (P<0.05) when compared with birds that received no vitamin C. Vitamin C had no significant (P>0.05) effect on PCV, RBC, Hb, WBC, MCHC, MCH, MCV, plasma K+, Na+, GLU, PRO and T3. There were significant (P<0.01) interactions between water temperature and vitamin C on HET, LYM and H: L. Broiler chickens offered ORD+C had significantly lower HET and H: L than those offered ORD-C, COLD-C and COLD+C. However, the LYM was highest in ORD+C birds. High HET and H:L, and low LYM are indicators of heat stress in poultry. In conclusion, cold water and vitamin C were effective in reducing broilers’ RT and RR in the afternoon during hot-dry season. Either of the two may improve the well-being of broilers during dry season.
Effect of Carbonates and Organic Matter in Retention and Release of Nickel by a Central Italy Soil

Abstract To improve the prediction and management of problems associated with toxicity in nickel (Ni)-contaminated soils, a better understanding of their sorptive and desorptive behavior is required. In this research, the sorptive and desorptive behavior of Ni in a clay loam soil (Fluventic Xerochrept), typical of central Italy, was measured using a stirred-flow reactor where the desorption products are continuously removed from solution. In addition, the effects of the presence of carbonates (calcite) and organic matter on Ni adsorption and desorption by the soil were investigated. For this purpose, samples obtained depriving the whole soil (S) of carbonates (S-C) and, successively, organic matter (S-C-OM) or only organic matter (S-OM) were prepared. In the samples containing carbonates, Ni adsorption was characterized by a fast initial reaction in which all the Ni added to the stirred-flow chamber was sorbed; following this, a slower and incomplete sorption occurred. This Ni adsorption process was totally nonreversible. This behavior enables hypothesizing the formation of a complex Ni calcite that can be considered to be mainly responsible for Ni sorption in calcareous soils. When the pH of the whole soil was lowered, depriving the soil of carbonates, its Ni sorptive capacity was significantly reduced and the Ni sorption process became partially reversible. The removal of organic matter decreased both the adsorbed and the desorbed Ni percentage only in the soil samples previously deprived of carbonates.
A review of oxy‐fuel combustion in fluidized bed reactors

Presently, there is no detailed review that summarizes the current knowledge status on oxy‐fuel combustion in fluidized bed combustors. This paper reviewed the existing literature in heat transfer, char combustion and pollutant emissions oxy‐fuel combustion in fluidized beds, as well as modelling of oxy‐fuel in FB boiler and gaps were identified for further research direction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photochemical degradation of pyridaphenthione in various solvents

The photochemical degradation of pyridaphenthione in various solvents and the relevant effect factors were studied under the irradiation of high-pressure mercury lamp.The results showed that the half-life of pyridaphenthione in distilled water was 9.82 hours at the concentration of 5 mg · L-1.The photolytic rates of pyridaphenthione in different organic solvents showed the following sequence:n-hexane ethyl acetate methanol acetonitrile.The photolytic rate of pyridaphenthione in alkaline buffer solution was much faster than in acid or in neutral buffer solution.The photolytic rate became slower with increasing concentration of pyridaphenthione in aqueous solution and methanol in ranges from 2 mg · L-1 to 20 mg · L-1.In aqueous solutions,nitrate showed photosensitizing effect on the photodegradation of pyridaphenthione,but surfactant(SDS) obviously quenched its photodegradation and the quenching effect was proportional to the dosage ratio.We also found that Fe3+ and Fe2+ could have an intense photosensitizing effect on photolysis of pyridaphenthione.As the concentration of ions increased,the photosensitive efficiency increased in the beginning and then decreased.Detecting the photoproducts by HPLC-MS indicated that two main photolytic pathways of pyridaphenthione in aqueous solutions were photo-oxidation and photo-isomerization.
Selective Hydrogenation of Crotonaldehyde over Ir–FeOx/SiO2 Catalysts: Enhancement of Reactivity and Stability by Ir–FeOx Interaction

A series of FeOx-promoted Ir/SiO2 catalysts were prepared and tested for gas phase selective hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde. It was found that a catalyst containing Ir nanoparticles contacting with highly dispersed FeOx clusters (3Ir/0.1Fe/SiO2) showed excellent activity and stability, with a 5-fold enhanced steady state crotyl alcohol yield (59.6%) compared to that of the bare Ir/SiO2 (12.4%), while a catalyst promoted with high content of Fe (3Ir/3.5Fe/SiO2) had high initial activity but deactivated rapidly. A catalyst with similar highly dispersed FeOx clusters but prepared by an inverse impregnation sequence (0.1Fe/3Ir/SiO2) also suffered severe deactivation. Various characterizations revealed that the observed behaviors were closely related to the Ir–FeOx interactions induced by different morphologies of the catalysts. The active sites generated at Ir–FeOx interface were responsible for the better performance. The catalyst deactivation was attributed to the deposit of heavy compound and strong adsor.
Effect of gender difference on pharmacokinetics of rhein healthy volunteers after oral administration of rhubarb extract

AIM:To study gender difference in the pharmacokinetics of rhein in healthy people after oral administration of rhubarb extract.METHODS: The study included 12 male and 12 female healthy volunteers.Each subject receive a single dose oral administration of rhubarb extract(50(mg·kg~(-1))). The plasma rhein concentration was determined by HPLC.The pharmacokinetics of rhein was analyzed by 3P97 program.RESULTS: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of rhein in male and female healthy volunteers were C_(max)(3.24)±(1.06) vs(4.06)±(1.23)(μg·ml~(-1));T_(max)(1.05)±(0.49) vs(0.96)±(0.31) h;t_(1/2α)(0.52)±(0.29) vs(0.47)±(0.16) h;t_(1/2β)(2.44)±(1.85) vs(4.34)±(1.02) h(P(0.05));MRT(4.27)±(1.28) vs(7.91)±(2.03) h(P(0.05));AUC_(0-∞)(1754.82)±(419.23) vs(2197.56)±(278.91)(μg·ml~(-1)·min~(-1))(P(0.05));V_d(12.85)±(4.34) vs(9.13)±(2.98)(ml·min~(-1)·kg~(-1));CL(0.05)±(0.02) vs(0.04)±(0.02)(ml·min~(-1)·kg~(-1)) respectively.CONCLUSION: The pharmacokinetics of rhein is related to gender in healthy volunteers.
Sensitivity of LEACHN Model Predictions to Changes in Nitrogen Transformation Rate Constants and Bulk Density

LEACHN is a deterministic model that could be used as a decision support tool to simulate NO 3 -N (nitrate-N) movement through the soil profile in order to make management decisions (i.e., when and how much effluent to apply on land) at effluent-irrigated land disposal sites. However, using this model as a â€œblack boxâ€ is not satisfactory, and an in-depth understanding of how the model works is essential before the model is used by the operators and managers of land treatment systems. This article provides a brief description of LEACHN, the N (nitrogen) cycle and soil hydrological properties in LEACHN, and an assessment of LEACHN. This article also provides the key findings of a previous study as background knowledge for the current study. The main focus of this article is to investigate the sensitivity of LEACHN predictions to changes in N transformation rate constants, i.e., K min (mineralization), K nit (nitrification), and K den (denitrification), at field scale, and also to explore the effect of changes in soil bulk density on leachate NO 3 -N concentrations and amount of N leached. This study shows that LEACHN was sensitive to K min values, and this parameter had a significant impact on soil humus-N and the amount of NO 3 -N leached. The total amount of NO 3 -N leached was slightly affected by K nit values. However, the K den value had no significant impact on the total amount of NO 3 -N leached. This analysis also highlighted the need for accurate measurements of bulk density as inputs to the LEACHN model. The optimized LEACHN model (using the best N transformation rate constants values) was tested successfully for two field data sets.
Heat transfer in minichannel gaseous cooling

Heat transfer was investigated for high pressure ratio air flow in square minichannels, which were machined on the oxygen free copper block. The size of the channels were 0.3, 0.6, 1.0 and 2.0 mm, and the length were 10, 20, 50 and 100 mm. The pressure ratio was changed widely up to the flow choked at the exit. It was found that the heat transfer coefficient was about 7.3 times greater than fully developed turbulent pipe flow. Experimental result showed that 75 percent of the total heat transfer was achieved in 10 percent inlet portion of the whole channel.
Effects of flotation on the release behavior of sulfur and nitrogen during coal pyrolysis

ABSTRACT Two Chinese coals were selected to investigate the effects of flotation on the release behavior of sulfur and nitrogen during pyrolysis. The results show that the removal rate of minerals and sulfur-containing compounds from raw coal by flotation are closely related to coal properties. The significant alterations of sulfur and nitrogen forms on coal surface are mainly presented in the decrease of sulfidic-S, thiophenic-S, and pyridinic-N, the increase of sulfones-S and quaternary-N after flotation. The release of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing gases during pyrolysis of raw and clean coals has evident differences, which are mainly caused by the change of the relative proportions of different sulfur and nitrogen forms in the process of flotation.
Does Poaching Distort Training

We analyse the efficiency of the labour market outcome in a competitive search equilibrium model with endogenous turnover and endogenous general human capital formation. We show that search frictions do not distort training decisions if firms and their employees are able to coordinate efficiently, for instance, by using long-term contracts. In the absence of efficient coordination devices there is too much turnover and too little investment in general training. Nonetheless, the number of training firms and the amount of training provided are constrained optimal, and training subsidies therefore reduce welfare. Copyright 2004, Wiley-Blackwell.
Entanglement Density Tunes Microscale Nonlinear Response of Entangled Actin

We optically drive a microsphere at constant speed through entangled actin networks of 0.2–1.4 mg/mL at rates faster than the critical rate controlling the onset of nonlinear response. By measuring the resistive force exerted on the microsphere during and following strain, we reveal a critical concentration cc ≃ 0.4 mg/mL for nonlinear features to emerge. For c > cc , entangled actin stiffens at short times with the degree of stiffening S and corresponding time scale tstiff scaling with the entanglement tube density, i.e., S ∼ tstiff ∼ dt–1 ∼ c3/5. The network subsequently yields to a viscous regime with the yield distance dy scaling linearly with yield force fy and inversely with the entanglement length (fy ∼ dy ∼ le–1 ∼ c2/5). Stiffening and yielding dynamics are consistent with recent theoretical predictions for nonlinear cohesive breakdown of entanglements. We further show that above cc force relaxation proceeds via slow filament disengagement from dilated tubes coupled with ∼10× faster lateral hoppin.
Removal of NO and SO_2 from flue gas by wet scrubbing using aqueous NaClO solution

Experiments on DeNOx were conducted in a lab-scale bubbling reactor with NaClO as the oxidant and sorbent.We studied the main factors influencing NO conversion efficiency,and propose a reaction mechanism of simultaneous removal of NO and SO2 by NaClO.The results indicated that initial pH was a significant factor in the denitrification process.The NO conversion efficiency was improved by increasing the NaClO concentration and the inlet NO concentration,while high solution temperature was not beneficial for the removal of NO.At pH 5.5,NaClO was an excellent scrubbing medium for the absorption of NO.The best absorption efficiency among the individual DeNOx experiments was 43.24%. The results of the combined DeSOx/DeNOx experiments showed that SO2 could improve the absorption of NO2,and the best DeNOx and DeSOx efficiencies reached 53.03% and 100%,respectively.Thus,NaClO could be an excellent oxidant and sorbent for simultaneous removal of SO2 and NO.
Religiosity and Geriatric Mental Health: Exploring the Mediating Role of Coping Strategies

The aim of this study was to explore the mediating role of coping strategies in the relationship between bent towards religion and psychiatric indicators of mental health. 390 subjects with the age ranging from 50-90 years participated in the study. Results indicated that bent towards religion significantly predicted mental health. Except proactive coping, the remaining six coping strategies (preventive, reflective, strategic, emotional support seeking, instrumental support seeking and avoidance coping) significantly mediated the relationship between bent towards religion and psychiatric indicators of mental health.
Evaluación por TGA y FTIR de los cambios de composición producidos por la tostión en granos de café TGA and FTIR Evaluation of Composition Changes Produced by Roasting of Coffee Beans

This work presents the results of analysis of organic coffee beans grown in the department of Cauca – Colombia. The beans studied are of the species Coffea arabica grown in mountain soils, at a medium altitud of 1500 meters above sea level. Thermogravimetry (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy were used to characterize the coffee powders obtained by grounding green coffee beans, as well as roasted beans at a temperature ranging from 210 to 230 0 C. The main purpose of this investigation is to determine the transformations produced by roasting and to associate the changes to patterns of identification of functional groups by FTIR spectroscopy. Infrared absorption peaks evidencing the main changes produced by roasting are present at 880 cm -1 , by anomeric bands of carbohydrates, at 1160, 1250, and 1380 cm -1 due to action of the chlorogenic acid, and in the region of 1500 to 1800 cm -1 with a outstanding peak at 1650 cm -1 due to the presence of caffeine. The TGA spectra show that the transformation of the coffee is accelerated starting at 200 0 C, and it exhibits a singular point at 218 0 C, this point is the critical temperature value to obtain excellent quality coffee.
C–H versus O–H Bond Dissociation for Alcohols on a Rh(111) Surface: A Strong Assistance from Hydrogen Bonded Neighbors

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that hydrogen bonded neighbors can assist or hinder alcohol dehydrogenation on a metal catalyst. This critical role on C–H and O–H bond ruptures is addressed through two main cases: (i) the intermolecular hydrogen bond in the coadsorption of ethanol and water, and (ii) the intramolecular hydrogen bonds in glycerol. In the case of ethanol dehydrogenation, we show that the best catalyst is not bare Rh(111) but a surface with preadsorbed water or ethanol, the reactant ethanol being hydrogen bonded to the chemisorbed molecule, in a favorable configuration for O–H dissociation at the Rh surface. In addition, the intrinsic C–H/O–H reactivity is altered by hydrogen bonded neighbors. The O–H bond dissociation barrier is lowered by up to 0.25 eV. Conversely, the C–H bond scission is slightly inhibited (barrier increased by 0.1 eV maximum). As a result, O–H dissociation becomes favored. Glycerol reactivity is modulated by intramolecular H-bonds, with an additional c.