Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluate the effect of SSNM on yield and yield attributing parameters of rice in vertisol

A field experiment was carried out during the kharif season (June–October) of 2016 at the Research Farm of the Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur (C.G.), India to study the “Evaluate the effect of SSNM on yield and yield attributing parameters of rice in vertisol”. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized block design with three replications and eight treatments namely i.e. RDF(100:60:40:5 NPK and Zn kg ha-1), SSNM based on nutrient expert (120:60:60:5, NPK &Zn kg ha-1), SSNM based on leaf color chart (60:60:60:5, NPK& Zn kg ha-1, rest 50% N based on LCC), SSNM-N, SSNM-P, SSNM-K, Control (N0, P0, K0) and Farmer Fertilizer Practices (N80, P40, K0). The results obtained in this study showed that the T2-SSNM based on nutrient expert performed significantly better than the other treatments for yield attributing characters viz. number of tillers 400, number of panicle 350, panicle length 24.30 cm, filled grain per panicle 145, test weight of 1000 seeds of rice 28.8gm, grain yield 50.2q ha-1 and straw yield 82.8q ha-1 and lowest was found under control treatments at harvest stage of rice. SSNM Treatment based on nutrient expert (NE) recommendations proved superiority over applied different treatments on yield involved balance removal as required by rice as well sustaining soil available nutrient status.
Coupling Mechanisms and Multi-Scaling in Granular-Fluid Flows

The aim of this colloquium is to gather the European scientific community to exchange on recent developments regarding the coupling mechanisms in granular fluid-flows at different scales, from that of the single grains to that of the mesoscopic deformation of an assembly of grains. A specific attention is to be paid on the two types of granular transport mostly encountered in geophysical and industrial applications, namely granular-fluid flows induced by gravity and/or shearing fluid on top of grains. Contributions should help at improving our knowledge on (i) the coupling mechanisms between grains and the surrounding fluid, and/or (ii) the multiscale modelling of granular-fluid flows for geophysical and industrial purposes. Web Site
Developing Students’ Vocabulary Knowledge in Content Subjects: A Computational Linguistic Approach

— Undergraduate students are exposed to discipline-specific lexis and concepts, particularly when studying in a second language. Current research suggests that most students find it difficult to fully comprehend academic reading material because they lack the requisite vocabulary, i.e., 5,000 to 8,000 word families for achieving 95% to 98% comprehension, respectively. It has also been suggested that teaching vocabulary explicitly is not an efficient use of classroom time. Thus, in order to enhance vocabulary acquisition and, ultimately, improve the reading comprehension skills of second language learners, this pilot study evaluated the use of a modified version of the Vocabulary Self-Selection Strategy (VSS+) as a self-directed learning tool. The study was conducted in an Arab higher education institution where undergraduate students studied Information Technology (IT) in English. It was anticipated that this unique intervention would improve vocabulary acquisition with minimal use of classroom teaching time. Results indicated that students were actively engaged with the wiki as a learning tool and there was a noticeable improvement in their vocabulary knowledge. Overall, the study has implications for teachers, as well as learners
Investigation of a plane mixing layer-wake interaction by means of two PIV planes and of POD

The strong interaction between turbulent structures arising from a plane mixing layer impinging a circular cylinder is studied using P.I. V. and analysed by means of the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (P.O.D. [Lumley(1967b)]). Experiments are performed in the wake of a circular cylinder placed across an air/air 2D plane turbulent mixing layer (velocity ratio r=0.65). The cylinder axis is normal to the splitting plate (Fig. 1-a). The Reynolds number, based on the averaged velocity of the mixing layer is =7920 ( =14.85, =8 mm). The cylinder is placed so that , the local vorticity thickness of the mixing layer, is equal to the diameter of the cylinder [Heitz(1999)]. To study this complex 3D configuration, a POD approach is proposed. The three spatial directions being strongly inhomogeneous and no experimental way being presently available to get a fully 3D, three components instantaneous description of the flow, a snapshot POD approach [Sirovish(1989)] is not possible and a ‘classical’ POD [Lumley(1967b)] has to be used. Experiments are carried out to supply the correlation tensor, necessary for applying this last POD approach. A two 2D-plane PIV is set-up. The two PIV planes are arranged perpendicularly to the splitting plate and are parallel (Fig. 1-b). Measurements are performed for a set of spanwise separations between the PIV-planes (over a mesh of 21 planes locations). The measurements are performed over a volume = ! " # $ &% . Due to the inhomogeneity in this direction, all the combinations of the two planes over this mesh, are to be considered, leading to a set of 231 configurations. By this procedure, the full correlation tensor ' (*),+. -/+ 021 where + = ),34-/5&-76 1 , is supplied for the longitudinal and vertical velocity components ),89-;: =1,2 1 only. The POD eigenfunctions <>= ? @ A ),+B1 and <C= ? @ D ),+B1 are then obtained by solving the following integral eigenvalue problem: E F (7GIH J K L' ( ),+. -/+ 0 17<C= ? @ ( ),+ 0 1NMO+ 0QPSR = ? @ <C= ? @ ' ),+B1 (1) The contribution of the third velocity component <L= ? @ T ),+B1 is obtained a posteriori by considering the continuity equation. In this paper, after a quick review of the industrial and fundamental aspects of this flow configuration, the experimental procedure is described. In a preliminary validation analysis, the one point statistics obtained from PIV measurements are compared to that obtained, in a comparable flow configuration, [Heitz(1999)] by means of hot-wire anemometry. Then the practical aspects of POD calculation, related to the resolution of a very large size eigenvalue problem are addressed. Finally the flow organisation issued from the POD approach is obtained (Fig. 1-c). The resulting structures show that some kind of a dislocation process is involved that is comparable to the one described for example in [Williamson(1989)].
Deforestation caused by wildfire and bark beetle attacks in southwestern ponderosa pine (Pinus pon- derosa

Deforestation caused by wildfire and bark beetle attacks in southwestern ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson.) forests has increased over the past century due to climate warming. Continued warming is expected to increase deforestation. Ponderosa pine regeneration after deforestation often is inadequate in the region. Opportunities exist for active management to mitigate deforestation. First, planting can promote reforestation, but survival of planted seedlings is generally poor and highly variable among sites. The region needs more research about improving early seedling performance. Secondly, improving aridity adaptation of planted seedlings by seed source selection may improve outplanting performance. New common garden studies of seedling aridity adaptation of Arizona and New Mexico provenances suggest genetic variation in aridity adaptation among populations. Early results show genetic variation in survival under extreme drought conditions. Greenhouse experiments are investigating genetic variation in mechanisms of aridity tolerance. Promotion of forest recovery using these emerging approaches will be critical for sustaining forests in the increasingly arid Southwestern United States. This paper was presented at the Joint Annual Meeting of the Western Forest and Conservation Nursery Association and the Intermountain Container Seedling Growers Association (Coeur d’Alene, ID, October 25–26, 2018).
Optimality-based non-Redfield plankton–ecosystem model (OPEM v1.1) in UVic-ESCM 2.9 – Part 1: Implementation and model behaviour

Uncertainties in projections of marine biogeochemistry from Earth system models (ESMs) are associated to a large degree with the imperfect representation of the marine plankton ecosystem, in particular the physiology of primary and secondary producers. Here, we describe the implementation of an optimality-based plankton– ecosystem model (OPEM) version 1.1 with variable carbon : nitrogen : phosphorus (C : N : P) stoichiometry in the University of Victoria ESM (UVic; Eby et al., 2009; Weaver et al., 2001) and the behaviour of two calibrated reference configurations, which differ in the assumed temperature dependence of diazotrophs. Predicted tracer distributions of oxygen and dissolved inorganic nutrients are similar to those of an earlier fixedstoichiometry formulation in UVic (Nickelsen et al., 2015). Compared to the classic fixed-stoichiometry UVic model, OPEM is closer to recent satellite-based estimates of net community production (NCP), despite overestimating net primary production (NPP), can better reproduce deep-ocean gradients in the NO−3 : PO 3− 4 ratio and partially explains observed patterns of particulate C : N : P in the surface ocean. Allowing diazotrophs to grow (but not necessarily fix N2) at similar temperatures as other phytoplankton results in a better representation of surface Chl and NPP in the Arctic and Antarctic oceans. Deficiencies of our calibrated OPEM configurations may serve as a magnifying glass for shortcomings in global biogeochemical models and hence guide future model development. The overestimation of NPP at low latitudes indicates the need for improved representations of temperature effects on biotic processes, as well as phytoplankton community composition, which may be represented by locally varying parameters based on suitable trade-offs. The similarity in the overestimation of NPP and surface autotrophic particulate organic carbon (POC) could indicate deficiencies in the representation of top-down control or nutrient supply to the surface ocean. Discrepancies between observed and predicted vertical gradients in particulate C : N : P ratios suggest the need to include preferential P remineralisation, which could also benefit the representation of N2 fixation. While OPEM yields a much improved distribution of surface N* (NO−3 −16 ·PO 3− 4 +2.9 mmolm −3), it still fails to reproduce observed N* in the Arctic, possibly related to a misrepresentation of the phytoplankton community there and the lack of benthic denitrification in the model. Coexisting ordinary and diazotrophic phytoplankton can exert strong control on N* in our simulations, which questions the interpretation of N* as reflecting the balance of N2 fixation and denitrification.
Evaluation of compact cultures under high density planting system with different nutrient levels in rainfed vertisols

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2016-17 in rainfed vertisols of Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam to study the performance of cotton compact varieties under high density planting system with different spacings and nutrient management for higher production and to reduce the cost of cultivation under changing climatic conditions. The experiment was laid out in split-split design with three replications. Two compact varieties ARBC 1301 and DSC 1302 were taken as main treatments with three spacings (75cmX10cm, 90cmX10cm and 90 cm X 60 cm (recommended) and three nutrient levels (90-45-45 NPK kg ha-1, 120-60-60 NPK kg ha-1, 150-75-75 NPK kg ha-1) as sub treatments. The results of the study revealed that among the two varieties tested, highest seed cotton yield was recorded in ARBC 1301 (3324 kg ha-1). Regarding spacing, the seed cotton yield was significantly superior with the closer spacings 90cm x 10 cm (3266 kg ha-1) and 75cm x 10cm (3292 kg ha-1). Lowest seed cotton yield was recorded at recommended spacing of 90cmx60cm (2245 kg ha-1). Application of nutrients over and above 90-45-45 NPK kg ha-1 did not influence the seed cotton yield.
GROWTH RESPONSE OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) TO METAL TOXICITY

This study evaluated the phytotoxic effects of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) as Pb(NO3)2 and Zn(NO3)2 on maize (Zea mays L) considering the plants’ growth indices, biomass as well as soil parameters and soil microorganisms after treatment. The results showed that plant growth significantly reduced with increasing concentrations (100,150 and 200 mgkg-1) of Pb and Zn contamination. The results indicated significant inhibitory effect on the growth parameters (stem height, root length, leaf area, fresh and dry weight) measured, compared to control experiment. This study therefore revealed that the heavy metals have harmful effects on maize’s growth. Consequently, the consumption of such contaminated cereal by man and animals can lead to their death after the metals have biomagnified in their systems. Lead and Zn application in general, affected the vegetative growth; both fresh and dry weights were reduced with increasing concentrations of the metals. These results show that these metals are toxic to human and animal health. As a result, farmers should be encouraged to use water from good source for irrigation and also cultivate on metal-free soils if possible to save lives.
Studies of growth, yield attributes and yield of rabi maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2019-20 at College of Agriculture, Teerthanker Mahaveer University (Moradabad) Uttar Pradesh. The experiment comprised of 18 maize genotypes and layout in randomized block design with three replications. Data were recorded on plant height, leaf area, dry matter accumulation, yield attributes and yield per plant. The results showed significant variations in maize genotypes in all the growth and growth indices. Genotype sweet corn-1 (172 cm) produced significantly tallest plant and more number of leaves. Maximum leaf area was found in sweet corn-1 (2790.63 cm2) and lowest in CIMMYT-80 (2050.64 cm2). The highest dry matter accumulation was recorded at harvest stage and was found highest in Sweet corn-1 (299.9 g/plant) which was significantly at par with DMR-782 (298.4 g/plant), sweet corn-7 (286.7 g/plant), G 9108 (285.4 g/plant) and pop corn-1 (281.58 g/plant) and it was lowest in CIMMYT-80 (250.75 g/plant). Maximum number (2.5 cob/plant), more number of grains per cob (208.90 grains/cob) were noted by maize genotype Sweet corn-1 Sweet corn-1 while genotype CIMMYT-80 recorded less number of cob/plant and number of grains per cob. The maximum yield was obtained in sweet corn-1 (52.70 g/plant) followed by DMR-782 (51.90 g/plant) and lowest yield was recorded in CIMMYT-80 (47.40 g/plant). Sweet corn-1 were boldest among genotypes tested while minimum seed weight was recorded in CIMMYT-782. The harvest index of maize genotypes varied from 19.96% in sweet corn-1 to 17.35% in CIMMYT-80.
The Role of Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron Transport in Radiation Dosimetry

A brief overview is given of the role in radiation dosimetry of electron transport simulations using the Monte Carlo technique. Two areas are discussed in some detail. The first is the calculation of stopping-power ratios for use in ion chamber dosimetry. The uncertainty in stopping-power ratios is discussed with attention being drawn to the fact that the relative uncertainty in restricted collision stopping powers is greater than that in unrestricted stopping powers if the major source of uncertainty is the density effect correction. Using ICRU Report 37 stopping powers and electron spectra calculated in a small cylinder of graphite, the value of the Spencer-Attix graphite to air stopping-power ratio in a “Co beam is found to be 1.0021 for an assumed graphite density of 1.70 g/cm3 and 0.23% less for an assumed density of 2.26 g/cm’. The second area discussed is the feasibility of using Monte Carlo techniques to calculate dose patterns in a patient undergoing electron beam radiotherapy.
Role of urinary tract infections as triggers for frequent relapse in children with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome

Frequent relapse occurs in about 60% of children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) despite the tangible initial response. Several factors have been documented as triggers for frequent relapses (FR). However, the role of urinary tract infection (UTI) was not well-illustrated. Our aim was to evaluate the role of UTI as a trigger for FR among Iraqi children SSNS. This cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 68 children with the first episode of SSNS who were followed up for 6 months after taking their treatment for the first episode. The patients were divided into two groups: frequent and infrequent relapse. Midstream urine samples were collected from each child and routine bacteriological culture and detection were achieved. Data regarding age at onset, sex, steroid therapy at the onset, the time between the onset and first relapse were collected from patients’ records. The proportion of frequent relapses was 41.18%. UTI affected 22 (32.35%) patients with E. coli was the most common isolated bacteria accounting for 63.64% followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (18.18%), Proteus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.64% for each). In univariate analysis, each of age at onset, inadequate therapy for the first episode, and UTI were significantly associated with frequent relapse. However, in multivariate analysis, only adequate treated for first episode (OR= 0.26, 95%CI= 0.08-0.86, p= 0.028) and UTI (OR= 4.8, 95%CI= 1.22-18.87, p= 0.025) were significantly associated. In conclusion, UTI is an important cause of FR in children with SSNS. Therefore, affected children should be routinely investigated for such infection.
Transitioning to a new Customer Relationship Management System: Challenges and Recommendations

Abstrakt (Svenska) - Vikten av att ha effektiv hantering av kundrelationer (CRM) inom foretag vager mycket, for att pa ett lyckat satt oka forstaelsen och samarbeten med kunder. Foretag andrar eller uppdaterar sina CRM system for att kunna oka arbetseffektiviteten. Kunder och marknad utvecklas standigt, och for att kunna folja upp med storre datamangder och okad konkurrens bor foretag anvanda sig utav effektiva satt att arbeta pa, nar det galler hjalp med att gora data mer tillgangligt. Om foretag inte framgangsrikt integrerar sina CRM system kan de halka efter och forsamras. Ett byte gallande CRM ar oftast bestamt av ledning och ifragasatt av de faktiska anvandarna. Mottagarna av forandringen upplever ofta osakerhet och tvivel. I denna avhandling beskriver vi hur var forskning kring CRM processer, CRM system och intressenterna i fallforetaget, leder till att hitta utmaningar och behov. Vart framsta bidrag ar var analys av rekommendationer baserade pa vara resultat, som kan anvandas som underlag for att skapa en kravspecifikation av fallforetaget. Med de empiriska uppgifter som samlas in i var avhandling stravar vi efter att hjalpa fallforetaget och andra organisationer i deras process att implementera ett nytt CRM system.
The turbulent/non-turbulent interface in the near-field region of a round jet

We experimentally investigate the turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI) in the near-field of a round jet at Re = 24 000. Simultaneous stitched-particle image velocimetry (PIV) and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) are implemented to perform a multi-scale analysis on the TNTI. We use isocontours of a passive dye in water (Sc ≫ 1) to identify the TNTI, and we show that there is a jump in spanwise vorticity across it. A spatial-filtering method is implemented to characterise the scale-similarity of the TNTI geometry. This is achieved by filtering the TNTI with box-averaging filters that span over two decades in length and then measuring the mean TNTI length across short streamwise spans. The TNTI length exhibits a power-law scaling as a function of filter size across a decade of scale, which is indicative of a fractal geometry. However, the fractal dimension, Df, of the TNTI evolves as a function of streamwise distance. The fractal dimension reaches a plateau beyond x/D ≈ 4, which is the end of the potential core. More importantly, in this region we show that Df = 0.32 – 0.33, which agrees with reported values of Df measured in fully-developed turbulent flows, such as the far-field of jets and turbulent boundary layers. The onset of this fractal behaviour also coincides with evidence of flow homogeneity based on the radial auto-correlation functions of axial and radial velocity fluctuations. We suggest that the flow about the TNTI beyond the potential core exhibits a hierarchy of scales that is comparable to fully-developed turbulence. This is because the TNTI is contorted by a hierarchy of turbulent eddies (i.e. turbulent cascade), and the fractal dimension of the interface scaling is a “footprint”
The Relationship between Organizational Culture and Knowledge Management ( A Case Study at the University of Kurdistan )

Today knowledge is considered as a valuable key in competition. Not only it is known as the foundation for stable development, but also it is the source of keeping competitive nature of an organization which is an advantage for the organization. The two fold role of culture, both as the main obstacle & also as the empowering factor in knowledge management activities, makes the importance of this factor double in efficient managing of knowledge management processes. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational culture and knowledge management in Kurdistan's university. A descriptive correlative methodology was used. Statistical population in this study was all Faculty Members230 and 136Sample is based on a Cochran formula selection. Data collection tool was a 3-part questionnaire. The first part was related to general demographic items. The second organizational culture was Denison's standard questionnaire third part was about relevant items of knowledge management lassen's. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient and regression test were used. The SPSS Software version 18 was used along with regression test for further data analysis. results indicated that there is a meaningful relationship (about 99%) between different kinds of organizational culture & six dimensions of knowledge management.
Status of pink bollworm susceptibility to Bt in Arizona

Statewide monitoring of pink bollworm susceptibility to Bt toxin was conducted in Arizona in 1997 and 1998. In bioassays in which Bt toxin was incorporated into insect diet, a concentration of 10 )g/ml Cry1Ac caused >80% mortality of all field populations. LC50s of Arizona populations ranged from 0.35 to 1.7 )g Cry1Ac/ml of insect diet. A laboratory strain of pink bollworm had an LC50 of 0.53 )g/ml. A selection experiment was conducted in which survivors of bioassays of 3.2 and 10 )g/ml of Cry1Ac from all Arizona populations tested in 1997 were pooled and reared for one generation on diet containing 10 )g Cry1Ac/ml. Selection produced a strain of pink bollworm that was 100to 460-fold less susceptible to Cry1Ac, than were the field populations from which it was derived. Preliminary results from greenhouse evaluations concerning survival of this resistant strain on Bt cotton showed that larvae were able to complete development in bolls of Bt cotton, pupate, and successfully reproduce. We conclude from these preliminary results that the type of resistance we have isolated in the laboratory is likely to negatively impact field performance of Bt cotton in Arizona in the future. However, we found no evidence that field performance of Bt cotton has yet been compromised. In large field trials, in-field refuges of non-Bt cotton were contrasted with the standard, external refuges. During both 1997 and 1998, in-field refuge plots yielded comparable to, or better than, plots of 100% Bt cotton, yet they produced substantial numbers of pink bollworm late in the season on non-Bt plants.