Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Awareness and Coverage of the National Health Insurance Scheme among Formal Sector Workers in Ilorin, Nigeria

A prepayment scheme for health through the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) was commenced in Nigeria about ten years ago. Nigeria operates a federal system of government. Sub- national levels possess a high degree of autonomy in a number of sectors including health. It is important to assess the level of coverage of the scheme among the formal sector workers in Nigeria as a proxy to gauge the extent of coverage of the scheme and derive suitable lessons that could be used in its expansion. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive survey carried out among formal sector workers in Ilorin Kwara State, Nigeria. A stratified sampling technique was used to select study participants. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents. Data was analysed with the SPSS. Ethical approval to conduct the study was obtained from the Bowen University Teaching Hospital Research Ethics Committee. A total of 370 people participated in the study. Majority, (78.9%) of the respondents were aware of the NHIS, however only 13.5 % paid for health care services through the NHIS. Logistic regression analysis shows that respondents with post-secondary education (OR = 9.032, CI = 2.562 – 31.847, p = 0.001) and in federal civil service (OR = 2.679, CI = 1.036 – 6.929, p = 0.042) were over nine and three times more likely to be aware of the scheme than others. Coverage of the scheme among the respondents was unimpressive. A lot still need to be done to fast-track the expansion of the scheme among this sector of the population.
Population structure and phenotypic variation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from 2 dry bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) in the United 3 States 4

The ascomycete pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a necrotrophic pathogen on over 400 known host plants, and is the causal agent of white mold on dry bean. Currently, there are no known cultivars of dry bean with complete resistance to white mold. For more than 20 years, bean breeders have been using white mold screening nurseries with natural populations of S. sclerotiorum to screen new cultivars for resistance. It is thus important to know if the genetic diversity in populations of S. sclerotiorum within these nurseries a) reﬂect the genetic diversity of the populations in the surrounding region and b) are stable over time. Furthermore, previous studies have investigated the correlation between mycelial compatibility groups (MCG) and multilocus haplotypes (MLH), but none have formally tested these patterns. We genotyped 366 isolates of S. sclerotiorum from producer ﬁelds and white mold screening nurseries surveyed over 10 years in 2003–2012 representing 11 states in the United States of America, Australia, France, and Mexico at 11 microsatellite loci resulting in 165 MLHs. Populations were loosely structured over space and time based on analysis of molecular variance and discriminant analysis of principal components, but not by cultivar, aggressiveness, or ﬁeld source. Of all the regions tested, only Mexico (n=18) shared no MLHs with any other region. Using a bipartite network-based approach, we found no evidence that the MCGs accurately represent MLHs. Our study suggests that breeders should continue to test dry bean lines in several white mold screening nurseries across the US to account for both the phenotypic and genotypic variation that exists across regions.
The applicability of Napping in the analysis of fermented foods and beverages – A review

Napping is one of the rapid sensory profiling methods, which was established recently to meet the needs of sensory and consumer researchers. This approach provides a holistic evaluation of the tested sample through their positioning in a 2-dimensional space. The protocol of the analysis is somewhat different from the traditionally applied descriptive methods, like Quantitative Descriptive Analysis. In our review, we focus on the applicability of Napping in the field of fermented goods. The accompanying procedures are also investigated (typically Flash Profiling, CATA, and further methods), in order to understand how the combined datasets facilitate the understanding of the sensory characteristics of the products.
Infection with Type A and B Strains of Enhances Host Susceptibility to Pulmonary Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Activity

A striking feature of pulmonary infection with the Gram-negative intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis , a category A biological threat agent, is an intense accumulation of inﬂammatory cells, particularly neutrophils and macrophages, at sites of bacterial replication. Given the essential role played by host matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in modulating leukocyte recruitment and the potentially indiscriminate destructive capacity of these cells, we investigated whether MMP-9, an important member of this protease family released by neutrophils and activated macrophages, plays a role in the pathogenesis of respiratory tularemia. We found that F. tularensis induced expression of MMP-9 in FVB/NJ mice and that the action of this protease is associated with higher bacterial burdens in pulmonary and extrapulmonary tissues, development of more extensive histopathology predominated by neutrophils, and increased morbidity and mortality compared with mice lacking MMP-9 (MMP-9 (cid:1) / (cid:1) ). Moreover, MMP-9 (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice were able to resolve infection with either the virulence-attenuated type B (live vaccine strain) or the highly virulent type A (SchuS4) strain of F. tularensis . Disease resolution was accompanied by diminished leukocyte recruitment and reductions in both bacterial burden and proinﬂammatory cytokine production. Notably, neutrophilic inﬁltrates were signiﬁcantly reduced in MMP-9 (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice, owing perhaps to limited release of Pro-Gly-Pro, a potent neutrophil chemotactic tripeptide released from extracellular matrix through the action of MMP-9. Collectively, these results suggest that MMP-9 activity plays a central role in modulating the clinical course and severity of respiratory tularemia and identiﬁes MMPs as novel targets for therapeutic intervention as a means of modulating neutrophil recruitment. The Journal of Immunology, 2007, 178: 1013–1020. of pro- anti- inﬂammatory cytokines Cytometric Bead ﬂex sets (BD Pharm-ingen) of IL12-p70, FACSArray cytometer Immunocytometry FACSArray
Geomagnetic secular variation generated by a tangentially geostrophic ﬂow under the frozen-ﬂux assumption—I. Necessary conditions

Existing geomagnetic main ﬁeld models do not take adequate account of constraints implied by the magnetohydrodynamics of the core surface. Yet the ﬂow is likely to be tangentially geostrophic in a region that is located around the magnetic equator. This is called the geostrophic region. This region could be quite large if the Lorentz force does not exceed its presently accepted upper bounds. We ﬁrst show that if the frozen-ﬂux assumption also applies within this region, the secular variation must satisfy a continuous set of curvilinear integral constraints. We then prove that three sets of surface integral constraints, some of them having been derived by others, can be formally derived from these curvilinear constraints. We discuss the connections between these new constraints and the ones previously derived by other authors. The question whether the curvilinear integral constraints are in fact sufﬁcient (i.e. whether any secular variation satisfying these conditions within a given region can be thought of as being generated by a tangentially geostrophic ﬂow under the frozen-ﬂux assumption within this region) is to be addressed in the second paper of the series.
Measurement of D 0 - D 0 mixing using the ratio of lifetimes for the decays D 0 ! K , K K , and (cid:1)

We present a measurement of D 0 - D 0 mixing parameters using the ratios of lifetimes extracted from a sample of D 0 mesons produced through the process D (cid:2)þ ! D 0 (cid:1) þ , which decay to K (cid:1) (cid:1) þ , K (cid:1) K þ , or (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) þ . The lifetimes of the CP -even, Cabibbo-suppressed modes K (cid:1) K þ and (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) þ are compared with that of the CP -mixed, Cabibbo-favored mode K (cid:1) (cid:1) þ to obtain a measurement of y CP , which in the limit of CP conservation corresponds to the mixing parameter y . The analysis is based on a data sample of 384 fb (cid:1) 1 collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e þ e (cid:1) collider. We obtain y CP ¼ ½ 1 : 24 (cid:3) 0 : 39 ð stat Þ (cid:3) 0 : 13 ð syst Þ(cid:4) % , which is evidence for D 0 - D 0 mixing at the 3 (cid:2) level, and (cid:1) Y ¼ ½(cid:1) 0 : 26 (cid:3) 0 : 36 ð stat Þ (cid:3) 0 : 08 ð syst Þ(cid:4) % , where (cid:1) Y constrains possible CP violation. Combining this result with a previous BABAR measurement of y CP obtained from a separate sample of D 0 ! K (cid:1) K þ events, we obtain y CP ¼ ½ 1 : 03 (cid:3) 0 : 33 ð stat Þ (cid:3) 0 : 19 ð syst Þ(cid:4) % . DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.78. 011105
College of Economics and Business Effects of Debt financing on manufacturing firms‟ financial performance: Evidence from Textile factories in Addis Ababa and Oromia Special Zone

This study examined the impact debt financing on manufacturing firms’ financial performance evidenced from textile companies in Addis Ababa and Oromia Special Zone. The study employed explanatory research design with quantitative approach. To achieve the study objective secondary data were collected from the sample of 15 textile companies in Addis Ababa and Oromia Special Zone over the period of 2012-2016 using purposive sampling technique. The relationship between leverage which is measured by short term debt to total assets ratio (STDTA), long term debt to total assets ratio (LTDTA) and total debt to total assets ratio (TDTA) and financial performance measured by return on asset (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) were treated with descriptive statistics, correlation matrix and diagnostic tests. To analyze the causeeffect relationship between the explanatory variables and the dependent variables, fixed effect regression model was employed. Based on the fixed effect regression model output this study concluded that STDTA is negatively related with ROA and vice versa with ROE. LTDTA has positive relationship with financial performance measured by ROA & ROE. TDTA has negative impact on ROA but positively related with ROE. On the other hand, the control variables such as age (AG), asset turnover (ATO) and tangibility of assets (TOA) have significant and positive relationship with financial performance indicators, ROA & ROE whereas a control variable, i.e. firm size (FS) has significant and negative impact on financial performance measured by ROA & ROE.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Determination of spin and parity of the Higgs boson in the channel with the ATLAS detector

Studies of the spin and parity quantum numbers of the Higgs boson in the W W ∗ → e νμν ﬁnal state are pre-sented,basedonproton–protoncollisiondatacollectedbythe ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb − 1 at a centre-of-mass energy of √ s = 8 TeV. The Standard Model spin-parity J CP = 0 ++ hypothesis is compared with alternative hypotheses for bothspinandCP. Thecasewheretheobserved resonance is a mixture of the Standard-Model-like Higgs boson and CP-even ( J CP = 0 ++ ) or CP-odd ( J CP = 0 +− ) Higgs boson in scenarios beyond the Standard Model is also studied. The data are found to be consistent with the Standard Model prediction and limits are placed on alternative spin and CP hypotheses, including CP mixing in different scenarios.
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION RATES AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION ON GROWTH AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MOGHAT (Glossostemon bruguieri, Desf ) GROWN IN SANDY SOIL

This work was carried out during the two successive seasons of 2015/16 and 2016/17 at the Expt. Farm of South Tahrir, Hort. Res. Station. The experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of three irrigation rates (1200, 1500 and 1800 m 3 water/ fadand four potassium fertilization levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg K 2 SO 4 / fad) and their interactions on moghat growth and productivity as well as evaluate to what extent these treatments affect soil properties. same treatment resulted in increases in number of capsule/ plant, number of seeds/ capsule and seed weight/plant. Interaction treatment of 1200 m 3 irrigation water/ fad combined with 100 Kg K 2 SO 4 /fad resulted in the highest mucilage % in roots comparing to the all other interaction treatments. Conclusively, the obtained data showed that addition any of the previous treatments led to an improvement in some of the physical and chemical properties of soil, due to increasing organic content. While, bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, EC and pH values were decreased.
HSOA Journal of Alternative, Complementary & Integrative Medicine Review 1,3-Dimethylamylamine (DMAA): A Brief History and Review of Anecdotal and Laboratory Findings

DMAA (1,3-dimethylamylamine) was once a popular ingredient for inclusion within dietary supplements, in particular those marketed to the bodybuilding community as “pre-workouts. ” Also known as methylhexanamine, and geranium extract, DMAA was not in supplements prior to the Dietary Supplement and Health Educa- tion Act of 1994 (DSHEA); hence, DMAA would be classified as a New Dietary Ingredient (NDI) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In 2012, the FDA issued warning letters to manufacturers and distributors calling for cessation of DMAA sales and use within di- etary supplement formulations, partly because required safety data supporting DMAA’s use was lacking. Thus, supplements containing DMAA were considered “adulterated”. Adverse event reports following DMAA ingestion prompted the FDA’s actions. Though the use of DMAA has since decreased considerably, sales of dietary supplements containing DMAA or close derivatives continue. Currently, no scientific evidence exists to support DMAA’s use as an ergogenic aid, notwithstanding widespread anecdotal reports of improved exercise performance and focus following DMAA ingestion. While reports have documented an association between DMAA ingestion and adverse events, it remains unclear as to the causal role of DMAA, in particular considering the fact that specific to the reported events, DMAA was often used in combination with other dietary ingredients, prescription medications or recreational drugs. This review discuss-es the history of DMAA, anecdotal and laboratory findings pertaining to its use, and its use today within the dietary supplement market.
Adoption of Contactless Payments during Covid-19 Pandemic – an Integration of Protection Motivation Theory (pmt) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (utaut)

[ ]the constructs adopted from PMT namely, perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, selfefficacy and response efficacy which found to be apt to study the intention of contactless payment services in the current pandemic scenario [ ]self-efficacy and response efficacy the coping mechanism enables the users to avoid physical contact when they use contactless payment mechanism during the pandemic period Research on the adoption of contactless payments during the COVID context is scarce [ ]the present study performed with the objective to examine the factors affecting the adoption of contactless payment services during the COVID-19 pandemic era According to UTAUT, an individual's intention to accept/use a technology is influenced by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions, in turn, behavioural intention affects actual behaviour
Venomous snakebites in Diwaniah: A Clinicoepidemiological descriptive study

Background: venomous snakebite is an important health hazard in this area associated with high mortality.Objectives: exploration of snake envenomation cases in children and adolescents up to the age of 16 years in this city with a focus on clinical and demographic characters and causes of death. Patients and methods: this observational and retrospective study involves 49 cases of venomous snakebites admitted to the teaching hospitals in this city between 2005-2009. Results: the median age of patients was 8 years, 84% of the bites happened during the hot season( May â€“ August), most cases were from rural areas ( 90%) particularly from Albdeer, Shannafiah and Alhaffar. The death rate among the studied patients was 28.6% which was very high in comparison with rates reported elsewhere. Conclusion: There is a need for exploration of the types of venomous snakes in this area and a demand for the availability of species specific antivenom.
Routing of terrestrial organic matter from the Congo River to the ultimate sink in the abyss: a mass balance approach

We address the role of the Congo River sediment dispersal in exporting and trapping organic carbon into deep offshore sediments. Of particular interest is the Congo submarine canyon, which constitutes a permanent link between the terrestrial sediment sources and the marine sink. The Congo River delivers an annual sediment load of ~40 Tg (including 2 Tg of C) that feed a mud-rich turbidite system. Previous estimates of carbon storage capacity in the Congo turbidite system suggest that the terminal lobe complex accounts for ~12% of the surface area of the active turbidite system and accumulates ~18% of the annual input of terrestrial particulate organic carbon exiting the Congo River. In this paper, we extend the approach to the whole active turbidite depositional system by calculating an average burial of terrestrial organic matter in the different environments: canyon, channel, and levees. We estimate that between 33 and 69% of terrestrial carbon exported by the Congo River is ultimately trapped in the different parts of turbidite system and we evaluate their relative efficiency using a source to sink approach. Our carbon budget approach, which consider annual river discharge versus offshore centennial accumulation rates, indicates that about half of the total particulate organic matter delivered yearly by the Congo River watershed escapes the study area or is not correctly estimated by our deep offshore dataset and calculations. For the location of burial sites, forward stratigraphic modelling may help in evaluating the effect of sea-level changes in the dispersion of terrestrial particulate organic matter in the Congo turbidite system. The Congo River system is an analogue to glacial lowstand periods when other large and small rivers were closely connected to their canyons and riverine export to deep offshore was more efficient. It is expected that burial of POC in the turbidite system was much larger during glacial period.
Recombinant Noroviruses Circulating in Spain from 2016 to 2020 and Proposal of Two Novel Genotypes within Genogroup I

Human noroviruses are the most common cause of viral diarrhea. There are no approved vaccines to prevent their infections yet, which would be very useful to protect infants, small children, and the elderly in residential institutions. ABSTRACT Noroviruses are the leading cause of sporadic cases and outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis. For more than 20 years, most norovirus infections have been caused by the pandemic genotype GII.4, yet recent studies have reported the emergence of recombinant strains in many countries. In the present study, 4,950 stool samples collected between January 2016 and April 2020 in Valencia, Spain, from patients with acute gastroenteritis were analyzed to investigate the etiological agent. Norovirus was the most frequently detected enteric virus, with a positivity rate of 9.5% (471/4,950). Among 224 norovirus strains characterized, 175 belonged to genogroup II (GII) and 49 belonged to GI. Using dual genotyping based on sequencing of the open reading frame 1 (ORF1)/ORF2 junction region, we detected 25 different capsid-polymerase-type associations. The most common GII capsid genotype was GII.4 Sydney 2012, followed by GII.2, GII.3, GII.6, and GII.17. A high prevalence of recombinant strains (90.4%) was observed among GII infections between 2018 and 2020. GII.4 Sydney[P16] was the predominant genotype from 2019 to 2020. In addition, GII.P16 polymerase was found harbored within six different capsid genes. GI.4 and GI.3 were the predominant genotypes in genogroup I, in which recombinant strains were also found, such as GI.3[P10], GI.3[P13], and GI.5[P4]. Interestingly, applying the criterion of 2 times the standard deviation, we found that 12 sequences initially classified as GI.3 may represent two new tentative genotypes in genogroup I, designated GI.10 and GI.11. This study shows the extensive diversity of recombinant noroviruses circulating in Spain and highlights the role of recombination events in the spread of noroviruses. IMPORTANCE Human noroviruses are the most common cause of viral diarrhea. There are no approved vaccines to prevent their infections yet, which would be very useful to protect infants, small children, and the elderly in residential institutions. These viruses are extremely contagious and can be transmitted by contaminated food and water as well as directly from person to person. Molecular surveillance and epidemiology of norovirus infections allow the identification of the most common viral strains in different geographical areas over time. Noroviruses show wide genetic variability due to a high rate of mutations but also due to genomic recombinations, as we demonstrate in this study. We have detected 25 different viral capsid-polymerase gene associations among 224 norovirus strains characterized in Spain between January 2016 and April 2020, including two tentative new capsid genotypes in genogroup I.
Design of energy efficient and thermally comfortable air-conditioned university classrooms in the tropics

ABSTRACT This study aims to design energy efficient and thermally comfortable air-conditioning system in university classrooms. The research has been conducted in two steps. The first step was a survey of students’ thermal comfort under air-conditioning classrooms, which collecting 175 questionnaires from 92 students. The second step was the calculation of cooling energy consumption using the EnergyPlus software. With the air temperature ranged from 23.0 to 27.0°C about 53% of respondents felt uncomfortable (cold or cool). The neutral temperature of students was found to be 27.0°C, which is higher than the classrooms’ temperature. The energy simulation results show that the most significant factors affecting energy use is the temperature setting. Therefore, there is a possibility to reduce the cooling energy while improving the thermal comfort of students. To this end, it is recommended to raise the air temperature setting from 25.0°C to a minimum of 26.0°C.
Official new terms in the age of social media: the story of hashtag on French Twitter

Abstract As other chapters in this special issue demonstrate, social media proposes widely available data for sociolinguistic analysis. Twitter is an ideal resource to implement variationist approaches regarding regional differences, features specific to gender, and metrics of social media influence. At the same time, official intervention on language use, while somewhat studied in other corpora, is less explored on Twitter. French shows a long tradition of purist and prescriptive ideologies, embodied by the Académie française in France and the Office québécois de la langue française in Québec. The injection of recommended terminology aimed to eradicate foreign influence often has questionable success rate, especially in such an informal setting as Twitter. This article thus investigates lexical variation, in particular, the implantation of official new French translations mot-dièse and mot-clic between 2010 and 2016 that are meant to replace the English word hashtag. Results corroborate previous findings on the lacklustre implantation of the prescribed terms, while also revealing that users in Québec are more inclined to adapt them. Furthermore, diffusion online reflects face-to-face patterns that is cascading spread from large urban areas to smaller cities.