Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surgical outcomes of laparoscopic trachelectomy following supracervical hysterectomy: a multicenter study

Objective To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and surgical outcomes of laparoscopic trachelectomy after supracervical hysterectomy. Methods This multicenter study was conducted at Tanta University, Benha University, and Aminah Laparoscopy Center (Benha, Egypt) from June 1, 2018 to October 31, 2021. Forty patients were recruited for this study and counseled on laparoscopic trachelectomy to treat their symptoms after supracervical hysterectomy. Furthermore, cervical biopsy was performed to detect and exclude any malignancy. Histopathological examination of cervical specimens was performed after surgery. Operative details and outcomes were recorded. Results The median age of the patients was 42 years (range, 38–47). The median body mass index was 25 years (range, 22–28). The median interval between hysterectomy and the clinical presentation was 4.40 years (range, 3.58–5.25). Most patients presented with abnormal vaginal discharge (40%) and bleeding (25%). Moreover, a cervical biopsy result revealed stump carcinoma in three cases (7.5%) that were excluded. The median operative time was 210 minutes (range, 170–220). The median blood loss was 270 mL (range, 220–320). Additionally, histopathological examinations revealed that chronic non-specific cervicitis was present in 54.05% of trachelectomy specimens. There were no significant differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients regarding operative outcomes, except adhesions, which were more significantly increased in symptomatic patients (P=0.015). Minimal complications, both operative and postoperative, were related to the procedure. Conclusion Although the operative time was long and adhesions were common during laparoscopic trachelectomy, the procedure was feasible and safe, with minimal complications.
Treatment History and Interest in Injectable Opioid Agonist Treatment With Hydromorphone Among People Who Inject Drugs

Objectives Injectable opioid agonist treatment (iOAT) is a novel approach to treating opioid use disorder (OUD) that is typically reserved for treatment-experienced persons who inject drugs (PWID) with long-standing OUD. This study examined PWID's past OUD treatment histories and their attitudes toward iOAT with hydromorphone. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited syringe services program participants with OUD in New York City. Participants self-reported past OUD care episodes (detoxification; outpatient, inpatient, or medication treatment; or mutual aid groups) and current interest in iOAT with hydromorphone (assessed on a 4-point scale with 3 or 4 considered “interested”). Participants with 2 or more treatment episodes in the past 5 years were considered treatment-experienced. We examined whether the number of past care episodes was associated with interest in iOAT. Results Of 108 PWID, most participants were male (68.5%) and Hispanic (68.5%) with a mean age of 43 years (±10.8). Nearly all (98.1%) had severe OUD and had received past OUD care (96.3%), with the mean number of care episodes being 17.4 (SD, ±15.9). Most participants (59.8%) were treatment-experienced. Interest in iOAT with hydromorphone was high (64.8%), but there was no significant association between total past care episodes and expressing interest in iOAT (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.99–1.05). Conclusion Participants were highly treatment-experienced, and iOAT interest was high regardless of prior OUD treatment. New OUD treatment options, such as iOAT with hydromorphone, would be welcomed by PWID whose OUD has not remitted with conventional treatment as well as other PWID.
Self-management programme of activity coping and education—SPACE for COPD(C)—in primary care: a pragmatic randomised trial

Introduction We have previously developed a supported self-management programme (SMP): Self-management Programme of Activity, Coping and Education for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which was successfully delivered on an individual basis. Payers expressed an interest in delivering the intervention in groups. Aim To explore the feasibility, acceptability and clinical effectiveness of the intervention delivered and supported by healthcare professionals (HCPs) in groups within primary care. Methods A prospective, single-blinded randomised controlled trial was conducted, with follow-up at 6 and 9 months. Participants were randomly assigned to control (usual care) or intervention (a six-session, group-based SMP delivered over 5 months). The primary outcome was change in COPD Assessment Test (CAT) at 6 months. Semistructured focus groups were conducted with intervention participants to understand feasibility and acceptability. A focus group was conducted with HCPs who delivered the intervention to gain insight into any potential facilitators/barriers to implementing the intervention in practice. All qualitative data were analysed thematically. Results 193 participants were recruited, (median Medical Research Council (MRC) grade 2). There was no significant difference between the intervention and control group for the primary outcome (CAT). However, an improvement in self-reported patient activation (at 6 and 9 months), knowledge (at 6 months), mastery (at 6 and 9 months) and fatigue (at 6 months), in the intervention group compared with usual care was demonstrated. Qualitative results indicated that the intervention was acceptable to patients who took part in the intervention and HCPs valued the intervention, suggesting it might be best delivered early in the disease process. Conclusions A supported self-management intervention is feasible and acceptable when delivered as a group-based intervention, by HCPs in the community.
Prevalence of Positive Rapid Antigen Tests After 7-Day Isolation Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection in College Athletes During Omicron Variant Predominance

Key Points Question Is the 5-day isolation period after SARS-CoV-2 infection that has been recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sufficient for infected individuals to receive negative test results? Findings In this case series, 268 collegiate student athletes who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 underwent rapid antigen testing starting 7 days after the initial positive test. At 7 days, the results of testing were still positive in 27% of the individuals tested, with a higher percent positive in symptomatic individuals and those infected with the Omicron BA.2 variant. Meaning The findings of this study suggest that use of rapid antigen testing to aid in the decision to end isolation may be needed to prevent individuals with infection from leaving isolation prematurely.
Dynamic changes of emitting electron distribution in the jet of 3C 279: signatures of acceleration and cooling

We study the dynamic changes of electron energy distribution (EED) through systematically analysing the quasi-simultaneous spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the flat spectrum radio quasar 3C 279 in different states. With Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique we model fourteen SEDs of 3C 279 using a leptonic model with a three-parameter log-parabola electron energy distribution (EED). The 14 SEDs can be satisfactorily fitted with the one-zone leptonic model. The observed $\gamma$ rays in 13 states are attributed to Compton scattering of external infrared photons from a surrounding dusty torus. The curved $\gamma$-ray spectrum observed during 2-8 April 2014 is well explained by the external Compton of dust radiation. It is found that there is a clear positive correlation between the curvature parameter $b$ of the EED and the electron peak energy $\gamma'_{\rm pk}$. No clear correlation between $b$ and the synchrotron peak frequency $\nu_{\rm s}$ is found, due to the varied product of Doppler factor and fluid magnetic field from state to state. We interpret the correlation of $b-\gamma'_{\rm pk}$ in a stochastic acceleration scenario. This positive correlation is in agreement with the prediction in the stage when the balance between acceleration and radiative cooling of the electrons is nearly established in the case of the turbulence spectral index $q=2$.
Retinal Neurodegeneration Measured With Optical Coherence Tomography and Neuroimaging in Alzheimer Disease: A Systematic Review

Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has enabled several retinal alterations to be detected in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), alterations that could be potential biomarkers. However, the relationship between the retina and other biomarkers of AD has been underresearched. We gathered and analyzed the literature about the relationship between retinal and cerebral alterations detected via neuroimaging in patients with AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and preclinical AD. Methods: This systematic review followed the PRISMA Statement guidelines through the 27 items on its checklist. We searched in PubMed, BVS, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, using the keywords: Alzheimer's disease, optical coherence tomography, white matter, cortex, atrophy, cortical thickness, neuroimaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. We included articles that studied the retina in relation to neuroimaging in patients with AD, MCI, and preclinical AD. We excluded studies without OCT, without neuroimaging, clinical cases, opinion articles, systematic reviews, and animal studies. Results: Of a total of 35 articles found, 23 were finally included. Although mixed results were found, most of these corroborate the relationship between retinal and brain disorders. Conclusions: More rigorous research is needed in the field, including homogenized, longitudinal, and prolonged follow-up studies, as well as studies that include all stages of AD. This will enable better understanding of the retina and its implications in AD, leading to the discovery of retinal biomarkers that reflect brain alterations in AD patients in an accessible and noninvasive manner.
Adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy among White British and ethnic minority breast cancer survivors in the United Kingdom

Abstract Objective Around half of women do not take adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) as prescribed. Research suggests that adherence rates vary across ethnic groups. This study compared AET adherences rates in White British women and women from minority ethnic groups in the United Kingdom. Methods This is an observational study with 2001 breast cancer survivors recruited from outpatient clinics. Eligible women were diagnosed with primary breast cancer and prescribed AET within the last 3 years. Adherence was measured using the Medication Adherence Rating Scale. Eligible women were asked to complete a questionnaire pack that collected sociodemographic data such as age, relationship status and ethnicity. Independent samples t tests and χ 2 tests were used to compare White British women and women from minority ethnic groups on self‐reported adherence to AET. Results Of White British women, 27.8% were classed as non‐adherent, compared to 44.4% of women from minority ethnic groups. A logistic regression controlling for relevant demographics indicated that women from minority ethnic groups had a significantly higher risk of non‐adherence than women who were White British (odds ratio = 1.50, p = 0.03) Conclusion Rates of non‐adherence to AET are higher in women from minority ethnic groups, which may contribute towards racial disparities in breast cancer outcomes. Research with larger and more diverse samples is needed to explore this further and to investigate the psychosocial factors driving differences in adherence.
Glassy dynamics of electrons near the metal-insulator transition

This review first describes the evidence that strongly suggests the existence of the metal-insulator transition (MIT) in a two-dimensional electron system in Si regardless of the amount of disorder. Extensive studies of the charge dynamics demonstrate that this transition is closely related to the glassy freezing of electrons as temperature T->0. Similarities to the behavior of three-dimensional materials raise the intriguing possibility that such correlated dynamics might be a universal feature of the MIT regardless of the dimensionality.
A study of neutrino oscillations in MINOS

MINOS is a long-baseline neutrino oscillations experiment located at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), USA. It makes use of the NuMI neutrino beamline and two functionally identical detectors located at distances of {approx}1km and {approx}735km from the neutrino production target respectively. The Near Detector measures the composition and energy spectrum of the neutrino beam with high precision while the Far Detector looks for evidence of neutrino oscillations. This thesis presents work conducted in two distinct areas of the MINOS experiment: analysis of neutral current and charged current interactions. While charged current events are only sensitive to muon neutrino disappearance, neutral current events can be used to distinguish oscillations into sterile neutrinos from those involving only active neutrino species. A complete, preliminary neutral current study is performed on simulated data. This is followed by a more detailed investigation of neutral current neutrino interactions in the MINOS Near Detector. A procedure identifying neutral current interactions and rejecting backgrounds due to reconstruction failures is developed. Two distinct event classification methods are investigated. The selected neutral current events in the Near Detector are used to extract corrections to the neutral current cross-section in the MINOS Monte Carlo simulation as a function of energy. Themore » resulting correction factors are consistent with unity. The main MINOS charged current neutrino disappearance analysis is described. We present the Monte Carlo tuning procedure, event selection, extrapolation from Near to Far Detector and fit for neutrino oscillations. Systematic errors on this measurement are evaluated and discussed in detail. The data are consistent with neutrino oscillations with the following parameters: 2.74 {sup +0.44}{sub -0.26} x 10{sup -3} eV{sup 2} and sin{sup 2}(2{theta}{sub 23}) > 0.87 at 68% confidence level. « less
Radiation-hydrodynamical modelling of underluminous Type II plateau supernovae

With the aim of improving our knowledge about the nature of the progenitors of low-luminosity Type II plateau supernovae (LL SNe IIP), we made radiation-hydrodynamical models of the well-sampled LL SNe IIP 2003Z, 2008bk and 2009md. For these three SNe we infer explosion energies of $0.16$-$0.18$ foe, radii at explosion of $1.8$-$3.5 \times 10^{13}$ cm, and ejected masses of $10$-$11.3$\Msun. The estimated progenitor mass on the main sequence is in the range $\sim 13.2$-$15.1$\Msun\, for SN 2003Z and $\sim 11.4$-$12.9$\Msun\, for SNe 2008bk and 2009md, in agreement with estimates from observations of the progenitors. These results together with those for other LL SNe IIP modelled in the same way, enable us also to conduct a comparative study on this SN sub-group. The results suggest that: a) the progenitors of faint SNe IIP are slightly less massive and have less energetic explosions than those of intermediate-luminosity SNe IIP, b) both faint and intermediate-luminosity SNe IIP originate from low-energy explosions of red (or yellow) supergiant stars of low-to-intermediate mass, c) some faint objects may also be explained as electron-capture SNe from massive super-asymptotic giant branch stars, and d) LL SNe IIP form the underluminous tail of the SNe IIP family, where the main parameter "guiding" the distribution seems to be the ratio of the total explosion energy to the ejected mass. Further hydrodynamical studies should be performed and compared to a more extended sample of LL SNe IIP before drawing any conclusion on the relevance of fall-back to this class of events.
Spectropolarimetry of the Superwind Filaments of the Starburst Galaxy M 82: Kinematics of Dust Outflow

Spectropolarimetry results for the starburst galaxy M 82 are presented. The optical emission lines of the filaments in the energetic outflow (“superwind”) from the nuclear starburst region of M 82 are substantially polarized. The H˛ polarization degrees and angles measured by our study are consistent with previous narrowband imaging polarimetry data. The polarized emission lines are redshifted with respect to the emission lines in the total light and systemic motion of the galaxy. The emission line intensity ratios [N II]=H˛ and [S II]=H˛ in the polarized light are similar to those of the nuclear star-forming region. In addition, the electron density Ne derived from the [S II]� 6731=� 6717 line ratio of the polarized light is � 600–1000 cm � 3 at a distance of more than 1 kpc from the nucleus, whereas the Ne derived from the total light are less than 300 cm � 3 . These facts strongly suggest that the emission from the nuclear starburst of M 82 is scattered by dust grains entrained and transported outward by the superwind. A simple hollow biconical outflow model shows that the velocity of the outflowing dust grains,vd, ranges from 100 to 200 km s � 1 near the nucleus, decreases monotonically with the distance from the nucleus, and reaches � 10 km s � 1 at around 1 kpc. The motion of the dust is substantially slower than that of both ionized gas (vH˛ � 600 km s � 1 )a nd molecular gas (vCO � 200 km s � 1 ) at the same distance from the nucleus of M 82. This indicates that dust grains in the superwind are kinematically decoupled from both gas components at large radii. Since the dust velocityvd is much less than the escape velocity of M 82 (vesc � 170 km s � 1 at 1.5 kpc from the nucleus), most of the dust
Taking a stab at modelling canine tooth biomechanics in mammalian carnivores with beam theory and finite-element analysis

Canine teeth are vital to carnivore feeding ecology, facilitating behaviours related to prey capture and consumption. Forms vary with specific feeding ecologies; however, the biomechanics that drive these relationships have not been comprehensively investigated. Using a combination of beam theory analysis (BTA) and finite-element analysis (FEA) we assessed how aspects of canine shape impact tooth stress, relating this to feeding ecology. The degree of tooth lateral compression influenced tolerance of multidirectional loads, whereby canines with more circular cross-sections experienced similar maximum stresses under pulling and shaking loads, while more ellipsoid canines experienced higher stresses under shaking loads. Robusticity impacted a tooth's ability to tolerate stress and appears to be related to prey materials. Robust canines experience lower stresses and are found in carnivores regularly encountering hard foods. Slender canines experience higher stresses and are associated with carnivores biting into muscle and flesh. Curvature did not correlate with tooth stress; however, it did impact bending during biting. Our simulations help identify scenarios where canine forms are likely to break and pinpoint areas where this breakage may occur. These patterns demonstrate how canine shape relates to tolerating the stresses experienced when killing and feeding, revealing some of the form–function relationships that underpin mammalian carnivore ecologies.
Optical properties of monoclinic HfO2 studied by first-principles local density approximation +U approach

The band structures and optical properties of monoclinic HfO2 are investigated by the local density approximation (LDA)+U approach. With the on-site Coulomb interaction being introduced to 5d orbitals of Hf atom and 2p orbitals of O atom, the experimental band gap is reproduced. The imaginary part of the complex dielectric function shows a small shoulder at the edge of the band gap, coinciding with the experiments. This intrinsic property of crystallized monoclinic HfO2, which is absent in both the tetragonal phase and cubic phase, can be understood as a consequence of the reconstruction of the electronic states near the band edge following the adjustment of the crystal structure. The existence of a similar shoulder-like-structure in the monoclinic phase of ZrO2 is predicted.
Ranking with multiple types of pairwise comparisons

The task of ranking individuals or teams, based on a set of comparisons between pairs, arises in various contexts, including sporting competitions and the analysis of dominance hierarchies among animals and humans. Given data on which competitors beat which others, the challenge is to rank the competitors from best to worst. Here we study the problem of computing rankings when there are multiple, potentially conflicting types of comparison, such as multiple types of dominance behaviours among animals. We assume that we do not know a priori what information each behaviour conveys about the ranking, or even whether they convey any information at all. Nonetheless, we show that it is possible to compute a ranking in this situation and present a fast method for doing so, based on a combination of an expectation–maximization algorithm and a modified Bradley–Terry model. We give a selection of example applications to both animal and human competition.
New Bryophytes for Tunisia (North Africa). Part 2: other Families

ABSTRACT As a result of our recent fieldwork, 16 bryophytes including three liverworts (Clevea hyalina (Sommerf.) Lindb. , Lophocolea fragrans (Moris & De Not.) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees, Riella mediterranea Segarra, Puche, Sabovlj. , M.Infante & Heras) and 13 mosses (Bryum gemmilucens R.Wilczek & Demaret, B. gemmiparum De Not., Fissidens crassipes Wilson ex Bruch & Schimp. subsp. warnstorfii (M.Fleisch.) Brugg. -Nann. , F. fontanus (Bach. Pyl.) Steud. , F. ovatifolius R.Ruthe, Grimmia dissimulata E.Maier, Homalothecium meridionale (M.Fleisch. & Warnst.) Hedenäs, Hygroamblystegium varium (Hedw.) Mönk. var. varium, Isothecium myosuroides Brid. , Orthotrichum comosum F.Lara, R.Medina & Garilleti, Philonotis marchica (Hedw.) Brid. , Seligeria acutifolia Lindb. , Schistidium helveticum (Schkuhr) Deguchi) have been newly recorded in Tunisia. The localities of these taxa are briefly described, and their distinguishing criteria are specified with comments on taxonomy and variability. This work raises the number of known taxa in Tunisia from 334 to 350. RÉSUMÉ Nouvelles bryophytes pour la Tunisie (Afrique du Nord). Partie 2: autres familles. Sur la base de nos récents travaux de terrain, 16 bryophytes dont trois hépatiques (Clevea hyalina (Sommerf.) Lindb. , Lophocolea fragrans (Moris & De Not.) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees, Riella mediterranea Segarra, Puche, Sabovlj. , M.Infante & Heras) et 13 mousses (Bryum gemmilucens R.Wilczek & Demaret, B. gemmiparum De Not., Fissidens crassipes Wilson ex Bruch & Schimp. subsp. warnstorfii (M.Fleisch.) Brugg. -Nann. , F. fontanus (Bach. Pyl.) Steud. , F. ovatifolius R.Ruthe, Grimmia dissimulata E.Maier, Homalothecium meridionale (M.Fleisch. & Warnst.) Hedenäs, Hygroamblystegium varium (Hedw.) Mönk. var. varium, Isothecium myosuroides Brid. , Orthotrichum comosum F.Lara, R.Medina & Garilleti, Philonotis marchica (Hedw.) Brid. , Seligeria acutifolia Lindb. , Schistidium helveticum (Schkuhr) Deguchi) ont été nouvellement enregistrées en Tunisie. Les localités de ces taxons sont brièvement décrites, et leurs critères de distinction précisés, avec des commentaires sur la taxonomie et la variabilité. Ce travail porte le nombre de taxons connus en Tunisie de 334 à 350.