Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Performance Analysis on Maximal Common Subgraph Algorithms

Graphs can be used as a tool to determine similarity between structured objects. The maximal common subgraph of two graphs G and H is the largest graph in terms of edges that is isomorphic to a subgraph of G and H. Finding the maximal common subgraph is an NP-complete problem. It is useful in many areas like (bio)chemistry, le versioning and articial intelligence. There are many papers that evaluate algorithms for nding maximal common induced subgraphs, but little research has been done on the maximal common subgraph that is not an induced subgraph. We have implemented and benchmarked two maximal common (not induced) subgraph algorithms: a backtrack search algorithm (McGregor), and an algorithm that transforms the maximal common subgraph problem to the largest clique problem (Koch). We created generators for randomly connected and mesh structured graphs, these generators have been used to create a database of graph pairs to benchmark the two algorithms. The results of our benchmark have shown that in most cases Koch is more ecient, because after creating the edge product graph needed for the clique detection. The actual clique detection is a relatively simple search.
Inaccuracies of Nitric Oxide Delivery Systems during Adult Mechanical Ventilation

Background Various systems to administer inhaled nitric oxide (NO) have been used in patients and experimental animals. We used a lung model to evaluate five NO delivery systems during mechanical ventilation with various ventilatory patterns. Methods An adult mechanical ventilator was attached to a test lung configured to separate inspired and expired gases. Four injection systems were evaluated with NO injected either into the inspiratory circuit 90 cm proximal to the Y piece or directly at the Y piece and delivered either continuously or only during the inspiratory phase. Alternatively, NO was mixed with air using a blender and delivered to the high‐pressure air inlet of the ventilator. Nitric oxide concentration was measured from the inspiratory limb of the ventilator circuit and the tracheal level using rapid‐ and slow‐response chemiluminescence analyzers. The ventilator was set for constant‐flow volume control ventilation, pressure control ventilation, pressure support ventilation, or synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation. Tidal volumes of 0.5 l and 1 l were evaluated with inspiratory times of 1 s and 2 s. Results The system that premixed NO proximal to the ventilator was the only one that maintained constant NO delivery regardless of ventilatory pattern. The other systems delivered variable NO concentration during pressure control ventilation and spontaneous breathing modes. Systems that injected a continuous flow of NO delivered peak NO concentrations greater than the calculated dose. These variations were not apparent when a slow‐response chemiluminescence analyzer was used. Conclusions NO delivery systems that inject NO at a constant rate, either continuously or during inspiration only, into the inspiratory limb of the ventilator circuit produce highly variable and unpredictable NO delivery when inspiratory flow is not constant. Such systems may deliver a very high NO concentration to the lungs, which is not accurately reflected by measurements performed with slow‐response analyzers.
An evaluation of scalable application-level multicast built using peer-to-peer overlays

Structured peer-to-peer overlay networks such as CAN, Chord, Pastry, and Tapestry can be used to implement Internet-scale application-level multicast. There are two general approaches to accomplishing this: tree building and flooding. This paper evaluates these two approaches using two different types of structured overlay: 1) overlays which use a form of generalized hypercube routing, e.g., Chord, Pastry and Tapestry, and 2) overlays which use a numerical distance metric to route through a Cartesian hyperspace, e.g., CAN. Pastry and CAN are chosen as the representatives of each type of overlay. To the best of our knowledge, this paper reports the first head-to-head comparison of CAN-style versus Pastry-style overlay networks, using multicast communication workloads running on an identical simulation infrastructure. The two approaches to multicast are independent of overlay network choice, and we provide a comparison of flooding versus tree-based multicast on both overlays. Results show that the tree-based approach consistently outperforms the flooding approach. Finally, for tree-based multicast, we show that Pastry provides better performance than CAN.
Fatty Acid Profiles of Various Muscles and Adipose Tissues from Fattening Horses in Comparison with Beef Cattle and Pigs

The present studies were designed to provide new information on fatty acid profiles of various muscles and adipose tissues of fattening horses in comparison with beef cattle and pigs. In the first study, the lipids were extracted respectively from subcutaneous, intermuscular adipose tissues, longissimus dorsi and biceps femoris muscles of fattening Breton horses (n = 8) with an average body weight of 1,124 kg. In the second study, the lipids were extracted from subcutaneous, intermuscular adipose tissues and longissimus dorsi muscle of fattening horses (n = 13), Japanese Black beef cattle (n = 5), Holstein steers (n = 5) and fattening pigs (n = 5). The fatty acids in the lipid samples were determined by gas chromatography after methylation by a combined base/acid methylation method. It was found that the lipids from horse subcutaneous and intermuscular adipose tissues contained more (p<0.05) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) which were mainly composed of linoleic acid (C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3) than those in the muscles. The weight percent of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA cis 9, trans 11) in lipids from biceps femoris muscle was 0.22%, which was higher (p<0.05) than that from the other depots. The horse lipids were higher (p<0.05) in PUFA but lower (p<0.05) in SFA and MUFA in comparison with those of the cattle and pigs. The percentage of C18:2 or C18:3 fatty acid in the horse lipids were respectively 2-8 fold or 5-18 fold higher (p<0.05) than those of the cattle and pigs. The percentages of CLA (cis 9, trans 11) in the horse lipids (0.14- 0.16%) were very close to those of the pigs (0.18-0.19%) but much lower (p<0.05) than those of the Japanese Black beef cattle (0.55- 0.94%) and Holstein steers (0.46-0.71%). The results indicated that the fatty acid profiles of lipids from different muscle and adipose tissues of fattening horses differed significantly. In comparison with that of the beef cattle and pigs, the horse lipids contained more C18:2 and C18:3 but less CLA. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2005. Vol 18, No. 11 : 1655-1661)
Association of Mild Anemia with Cognitive, Functional, Mood and Quality of Life Outcomes in the Elderly: The “Health and Anemia” Study

Background In the elderly persons, hemoglobin concentrations slightly below the lower limit of normal are common, but scant evidence is available on their relationship with significant health indicators. The objective of the present study was to cross-sectionally investigate the association of mild grade anemia with cognitive, functional, mood, and quality of life (QoL) variables in community-dwelling elderly persons. Methods Among the 4,068 eligible individuals aged 65–84 years, all persons with mild anemia (n = 170) and a randomly selected sample of non-anemic controls (n = 547) were included in the study. Anemia was defined according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and mild grade anemia was defined as a hemoglobin concentration between 10.0 and 11.9 g/dL in women and between 10.0 and 12.9 g/dL in men. Cognition and functional status were assessed using measures of selective attention, episodic memory, cognitive flexibility and instrumental and basic activities of daily living. Mood and QoL were evaluated by means of the Geriatric Depression Scale-10, the Short-Form health survey (SF-12), and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Anemia. Results In univariate analyses, mild anemic elderly persons had significantly worse results on almost all cognitive, functional, mood, and QoL measures. In multivariable logistic regressions, after adjustment for a large number of demographic and clinical confounders, mild anemia remained significantly associated with measures of selective attention and disease-specific QoL (all fully adjusted p<.046). When the lower limit of normal hemoglobin concentration according to WHO criteria was raised to define anemia (+0.2 g/dL), differences between mild anemic and non anemic elderly persons tended to increase on almost every variable. Conclusions Cross-sectionally, mild grade anemia was independently associated with worse selective attention performance and disease-specific QoL ratings.
Wettability, Electrical and Mechanical Properties of 99.3Sn-0.7Cu/Si3N4 Novel Lead-Free Nanocomposite Solder

A nanocomposite solder alloy with 99.3Sn-0.7Cu base alloy was successfully fabricated using the powder metallurgy route which consists of blending, compaction and sintering. Varying amount of nano size silicon nitride particulates were introduced as reinforcements to obtain a novel lead-free nanocomposite solder alloy. Following fabrication, the sintered nanocomposite solder were cut into thin solder disc and were analyzed in terms of their wettability, electrical and mechanical properties. Wettability, electrical and mechanical properties of the nanocomposite solder were compared to 99.3Sn-0.7Cu and 96.3Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu lead-free solder which were fabricated with the same method using powder metallurgy route. Wettability property of the nanocomposite solder was found to be in the accepted range with wettability angle below 45° similar to 99.3Sn-0.7Cu and 96.3Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu lead-free solder. Besides wettability, the results of electrical and mechanical properties analysis showed that additions of nano size Si3N4 had enhanced the strength and electrical conductivity of nanocomposite solder comparing to 99.3Sn-0.7Cu and 96.3Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu lead-free solder.
Magnetorheological Fluid for Levitation Migration Technology

The dispersed particles of magnetorheological fluid form stable chain-like clusters under the magnetic field, and show an effect of controllable flowability and shape. Based on this characteristic, using migration magnetic acted on the magnetorheological fluid, the object directional migration can be realized, and then the magnetorheological fluid forms levitation at the same time, which has like fluctuation behavior. The principle of magnetorheological fluid levitation migration, the levitation magnetic circuit design, the magnetic field strength and the magnetic force were separately discussed in this paper. In this study, the finite element method was used to numerically simulate the influence wedge-like of magnetic force applied on the magnetic particles in magnetorheological fluid. The relationships were given between flux and air gap width, magnetic field intensity and air gap width, flux and air gap angle, magnetic field intensity and air gap angle. The magnetic force applied on the magnetic particles in magnetorheological fluid has been calculated with virtual work method and Maxwell stress tensor method. The magnetorheological fluid levitation height was determined by using the MSL micrometer and aerosol migration feasibility was confirmed experimentally.
Does the UKCAT predict performance on exit from medical school? A national cohort study

Objectives Most UK medical programmes use aptitude tests during student selection, but large-scale studies of predictive validity are rare. This study assesses the UK Clinical Aptitude Test (UKCAT: http://www.ukcat.ac.uk), and 4 of its subscales, along with individual and contextual socioeconomic background factors, as predictors of performance during, and on exit from, medical school. Methods This was an observational study of 6294 medical students from 30 UK medical programmes who took the UKCAT from 2006 to 2008, for whom selection data from the UK Foundation Programme (UKFPO), the next stage of UK medical education training, were available in 2013. We included candidate demographics, UKCAT (cognitive domains; total scores), UKFPO Educational Performance Measure (EPM) and national exit situational judgement test (SJT). Multilevel modelling was used to assess relationships between variables, adjusting for confounders. Results The UKCAT—as a total score and in terms of the subtest scores—has significant predictive validity for performance on the UKFPO EPM and SJT. UKFPO performance was also affected positively by female gender, maturity, white ethnicity and coming from a higher social class area at the time of application to medical school An inverse pattern was seen for a contextual measure of school, with those attending fee-paying schools performing significantly more weakly on the EPM decile, the EPM total and the total UKFPO score, but not the SJT, than those attending other types of school. Conclusions This large-scale study, the first to link 2 national databases—UKCAT and UKFPO, has shown that UKCAT is a predictor of medical school outcome. The data provide modest supportive evidence for the UKCAT's role in student selection. The conflicting relationships of socioeconomic contextual measures (area and school) with outcome adds to wider debates about the limitations of these measures, and indicates the need for further research.
Sunk Costs of R&D, Trade and Productivity: The Moulds Industry Case

International trade can create conditions for technological innovation and productivity growth. The mechanism linking trade and innovation is simple. By increasing access to foreign markets, trade allows the best firms to exploit the economies of scale in R&D. The potential to steal market share increases as product differentiation decreases. To measure the empirical importance of this mechanism, I set up and estimate a dynamic equilibrium model with endogenous size and productivity decisions. I then illustrate how the European economic integration induced innovation in the Portuguese Moulds industry and how a potential withdrawal from the EU would negatively affect innovation.
Humanlike, task-specific reaching and grasping with redundant arms and low-complexity hands

In this paper, we propose a methodology for closed-loop, humanlike, task-specific reaching and grasping with redundant robot arms and low-complexity robot hands. Human demonstrations are utilized in a learn by demonstration fashion, in order to map human to humanlike robot motion. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) is used to transform the humanlike robot motion in a low-dimensional manifold, where appropriate Navigation Function (NF) models are trained. A series of grasp quality measures, as well as task compatibility indexes are employed to guarantee robustness of the computed grasps and task specificity of goal robot configurations. The final scheme provides anthropomorphic robot motion, task-specific robot arm configurations and hand grasping postures, optimized fingertips placement on the object surface (that results to robust grasps) and guaranteed convergence to the desired goals. The position and geometry of the objects are considered a-priori known. The efficiency of the proposed methods is assessed with simulations and experiments that involve different robot arm hand systems. The proposed scheme can be useful for various Human Robot Interaction (HRI) applications.
Visual servo control of an underwater vehicle using a Laser Vision System

This paper describes a position-based visual servo control scheme designed for an underwater vehicle. The methodology proposes a path planning technique, which guarantees that a flat target is kept in the camera optical field, while the vehicle avoids collision with the surface the target lays on. The vehicle pose (position and orientation) with respect to the target is obtained using a laser vision system (LVS). The LVS projects two laser dots in the image plane while it tracks the target using computer vision algorithms. The position of each laser dot in the image plane is directly related to the distance between the vehicle and the surface the target is located. The path planning strategy is based on the artificial potential field method (APF). The attractive part of the APF is responsible for minimizing the error between the current vehicle position and the desired. The repulsive part of the APF restricts the target inside the camera optical field while keeps away the laser dots from image regions related to small distances between the vehicle and the surface the target is located. The steering control of the vehicle is achieved by feeding the computed points of the path planning into a Cartesian kinematic controller, which was slightly modified for the needs of the methodology. The overall efficiency of the system, was proved through an extensive experimental procedure, using a small remotely operated vehicle (ROV) in a test tank.
A Bayesian spatio-temporal method for disease outbreak detection

A system that monitors a region for a disease outbreak is called a disease outbreak surveillance system. A spatial surveillance system searches for patterns of disease outbreak in spatial subregions of the monitored region. A temporal surveillance system looks for emerging patterns of outbreak disease by analyzing how patterns have changed during recent periods of time. If a non-spatial, non-temporal system could be converted to a spatio-temporal one, the performance of the system might be improved in terms of early detection, accuracy, and reliability. A Bayesian network framework is proposed for a class of space-time surveillance systems called BNST. The framework is applied to a non-spatial, non-temporal disease outbreak detection system called PC in order to create the spatio-temporal system called PCTS. Differences in the detection performance of PC and PCTS are examined. The results show that the spatio-temporal Bayesian approach performs well, relative to the non-spatial, non-temporal approach.
Influence of Social Communication Skills on Collaborative Learning with a Pedagogical Agent: Investigation Based on the Autism-spectrum Quotient

Studies in collaborative learning show that learners with fewer social interaction skills have difficulty during collaborative activities with others. The present study investigates how such a learner's skills influence the performance of an online concept-learning tutoring task with a Pedagogical Conversational Agent (PCA). During the task, the learners were guided by a PCA that helped them formulate their explanations of a key concept taught in a large-scale class. The study assesses the degree of learner's social skills based on the autism spectrum quotient (AQ) and investigates how this level skills influences learning with the PCA. Results show that learners with higher social skills performed better on explanation activities with the PCA. This shows that social cognitive skills influence learning performance during communication-based learning support systems. The results of this study suggest that there is a need to design efficient online tutoring systems that consider a learner's social skills.
Lifting the Veil on Organizational Structure: A Social Network Analysis of Professional E-Mail Use

This study is about the structure embedded in e-mail relationships. Based on data describing organizational e-mail exchanges, this research deals with organizational structure, personal power, and the centrality of people in a network. Social network analysis is used to study the centralization dimension of the structure embedded in the data. The data concerns 385 employees of 36 firms within a group. Our empirical study first explores several possible assessments of power and centrality concepts; then, it tests a causal relationship between personal and organizational attributes of power and centrality indexes. Results show the relationships between personal characteristics, aspects of organizational power, and e-mail network centrality. A discussion of the way managers may use electronic communication data to better interpret the nature and the dynamic of the organizational structure concludes the article.
Monoenergetic proton backlighter for measuring E and B fields and for radiographing implosions and high-energy density plasmas (invited)

A novel monoenergetic proton backlighter source and matched imaging detector have been utilized on the OMEGA laser system to study electric (E) and magnetic (B) fields generated by laser-plasma interactions and will be utilized in the future to radiograph implosions and high-energy density (HED) plasmas. The backlighter consists of an imploding glass microballoon with DHe3 fuel, producing 14.7MeV DHe3 protons and 3MeV DD protons that are then passed through a mesh that divides the protons into beamlets. For quantitative study of E+B field structure, monoenergetic protons have several unique advantages compared to the broad energy spectrum used in previous experiments. Recent experiments have been performed with a single laser beam (intensity of ∼1014W∕cm2) interacting with a CH foil, and B fields of ∼0.5MG and E fields of ∼1.5×108V∕m have been measured using proton deflectometry. LASNEX simulations are being used to interpret these experiments. Additional information will also be presented on the applicat.
Gas-Discharge Plasma-Assisted Functionalization of Titanium Implant Surfaces

A crucial factor for in-growth of metallic implants in the bone stock is the rapid cellular acceptance whilst prevention of bacterial adhesion on the surface. Such contradictorily adhesion events could be triggered by surface properties. There already exists fundamental knowledge about the influence of physicochemical surface properties like roughness, titanium dioxide modifications, cleanness, and (mainly ceramic) coatings on cell and microbial behavior in vitro and in vivo. The titanium surface can be equipped with antimicrobial properties by plasma-based copper implantation, which allows the release and generation of small concentrations of copper ions during contact with water-based biological liquids. Additionally, the titanium surface was equipped with amino groups by the deposition of an ultrathin plasma polymer. This coating on the one hand does not significantly reduce the generation of copper ions, and on the other hand improves the adhesion and spreading of osteoblast cells. The process development was accompanied by physicochemical surface analyses like XPS, FTIR, contact angle, SEM, and AFM. Very thin modified layers were created, which are resistant to hydrolysis and delamination. These titanium surface functionalizations were found to have either an antimicrobial activity or cell-adhesive properties. Intramuscular implantation of titanium samples coated with the cell-adhesive plasma polymer in rats revealed a reduced inflammation reaction compared to uncoated titanium.
Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation Open Access Estimating the Cost of Cervical Cancer Screening in Five Developing Countries

Background: Cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) can provide useful information to policymakers concerned with the broad allocation of resources as well as to local decision makers choosing between different options for reducing the burden from a single disease. For the latter, it is important to use country-specific data when possible and to represent cost differences between countries that might make one strategy more or less attractive than another strategy locally. As part of a CEA of cervical cancer screening in five developing countries, we supplemented limited primary cost data by developing other estimation techniques for direct medical and non-medical costs associated with alternative screening approaches using one of three initial screening tests: simple visual screening, HPV DNA testing, and cervical cytology. Here, we report estimation methods and results for three cost areas in which data were lacking.