Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of steam treatment of grape cluster stems on the methoxypyrazine, phenolic, acid, and mineral content of red wines fermented with stems

Steam treatment of Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot noir, and Muscat Bailey A grape cluster stems eliminated >95% of the extractable methoxypyrazines (MPs) from the stems. Steaming of the Cabernet Sauvignon grape stems increased the levels of extractable flavonoid phenolics, the molecular weight distribution and degree of polymerization of which, as estimated by a gel permeation HPLC analysis, were lower than those of nonsteamed stems in a model must solution. Red wines fermented with steamed stems added showed higher absorbance values at 520 nm than those fermented with nonsteamed stems added and also showed lower MP levels than those fermented with nonsteamed stems. The addition of steamed stems increased the level of flavonoid phenolics detectable in the wines. The levels of phosphoric acid (phosphorus), potassium, and calcium were increased as a result of the addition of stems. Keywords: Red wine; stem; methoxypyrazine; phenolics; HPLC
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Organization of Religious Behaviour in Different Christian Denominations in Poland

Any pandemic disorganizes the life of wider society. One of the manifestations of social activity is religious life. Despite progressing secularization, both religion, churches, and denominational associations have an impact on individual ethical choices and business decisions. This is true especially in Poland, where over 90 percent of the citizens declare affiliation with some religion, mostly Christian. The purpose of the present article is to demonstrate what activities are undertaken by churches in Poland at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, and what differences there are in their organization of religious life. In order to achieve the set goal, qualitative methods were implemented in the research. As part of the qualitative paradigm, in-depth individual interviews were used, involving individuals responsible for organizing religious life at the parish or congregation level. The interviewees were clergymen from the most important denominations, ranging from Catholic and Orthodox to broadly understood Protestant denominations. The paper contains a review of relevant literature. It presents the results and discussion of qualitative research, and it also indicates the research limitations. The study reveals that individual churches have limited (Catholic and Orthodox) or totally suspended (Protestants) their religious life in the actual community-based dimension. The decisions made by the clergymen, regardless of their personal views, resulted from the assumed ecclesiology and tradition. While changing the organization of religious life, the churches maintained contact with the believers in various ways, using modern technologies and access to public media in this regard. Although the churches are not changing their doctrinal positions, they declare different forms of cooperation.
Influence of Process Parameters on Properties of Hemp Woven Reinforcements for Composite Applications: Mechanical Properties, Bias-extension Tests and Fabric Forming

ABSTRACT Natural fibers are used to produce environmental-friendly composites with good specific mechanical and acoustical properties. Production of woven reinforcement from natural fibers is challenging because of the distinct length of the fibers. A lot of parameters at fiber extraction, spinning and weaving stages have an impact on the composite produced. The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of yarn type and weave diagram on the mechanical properties of woven fabrics, in terms of tensile and shear behavior and deformability at forming. It was observed that weft density is one of the most impacting parameters during forming.
Differentiated perceived match load and its variability according to playing position in professional soccer players during an entire season

The aims were to assess differentiated perceived match exertion and its variability according to playing position for professional soccer players. Nineteen Spanish players declared their respiratory and muscular perceived exertions (PEs) after official matches during an entire season. Players were classified according to their playing position. In order to assess differentiated perceived match exertion, soccer players were asked to assess their perceived level of exertion following each official match. Considerable differences (p<.05; ES=.41-2.49) were found between some playing positions but not always in both dimensions of PE (respiratory and muscular). Advanced midfielders (AvMs), wide midfielders (WMs) and wing backs (WnBs) reported the highest match respiratory PE and muscular PE scores. Furthermore, match-to-match differentiated perceived match exertion variability ranged from 12.8 to 27.7% for respiratory perceived exertion and from 11.5 to 25.2% for muscular perceived exertion according to playing position. Match respiratory-muscular PE differences varied among the playing positions, showing higher muscular PE than respiratory PE in central backs (CBs), WMs and central midfielders (CMs) (p<.05; ES=-.35 to .68), but higher respiratory PE than muscular PE in wing backs (p<.05; ES=-.35). Soccer differentiated perceived match exertion is different inter and intra some playing positions, showing large swings for match-to-match variability between playing positions. These facts confirm that the deconstruction of the overall PE provides a more accurate evaluation of the subjective match internal load in some playing positions.
Effect of cow slurry N on herbage productivity, efficiency of N utilization and on white clover content in a natural sward in the Basque Country, Spain

The effect of cow slurry N on productivity and white clover content was compared with that of mineral fertilization in a natural grassland sward. Fertilizer was applied at two different N rates as split applications of ammonium nitrate, or as cow slurry (145 or 290 kg N ha−1 in the first year and 120 or 240 kg N ha−1 In the second year)- In the first year, fertilizer N produced higher dry matter (DM) yields than the slurry treatments. Nitrogen efficiency and clover content reduction were higher for the mineral treatments, the efficiency being lower for the higher rate of N application. In the second year, N supplied by the slurry gave the same productivity, N efficiency and white clover content reduction as that from the mineral N fertilization; higher efficiency in the second year being due to favourable weather conditions and low white clover contents. The high N efficiencies of the slurry compared with the fertilizer N treatments were attributed to the dilution of the slurry and to split applications over the year. Yield differences between treatments were due mainly to the grass component of the sward. Competition between grasses and other species, and white clover for mineral N resulted in a reduction in the white clover content in those treatments in which more N was supplied, whether it came from the mineralization of slurry or from the fertilizer N applied.
Vector model in various dimensions

We study behaviour of the critical $O(N)$ vector model with quartic interaction in $2 \leq d \leq 6$ dimensions to the next-to-leading order in the large-$N$ expansion. We derive and perform consistency checks that provide an evidence for the existence of a non-trivial fixed point and explore the corresponding CFT. In particular, we use conformal techniques to calculate the multi-loop diagrams up to and including 4 loops in general dimension. These results are used to calculate a new CFT data associated with the three-point function of the Hubbard- Stratonovich field. In $6-\epsilon$ dimensions our results match their counterparts obtained within a proposed alternative description of the model in terms of $N+1$ massless scalars with cubic interactions. In $d=3$ we find that the OPE coefficient vanishes up to $\mathcal{O}(1/N^{3/2})$ order.
Alley Farming: A Sustainable Technology for Crops and Livestock Production

ABSTRACT Sustainable increase in agricultural production was achieved in the past through the use of bush-fallow farming system. Extensive land use due to urbanization, increase in population and high farming population has led to reduction in fallow period. As a consequence, rapid deterioration of soil structure and declining productivity constitute major problems of agricultural productivity. Amid the efforts for increase in agricultural productivity, many developing countries are concerned about the environmental effects of agricultural technologies. The focus is on sustainable agricultural technologies that can increase yield as well as regenerate soil fertility without fallow. This was achieved through alley farming developed by researchers in the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Ibadan, Nigeria. This paper examines the impact of alley farming on crops and livestock production. Surveys indicate that farmers are adopting the technology and that the initial adopters continue to use alley farming. Crops yield increased with alley farming and hedgerows reduced erosion and runoff. When prunings from Leucaena leucocephala and Gliricidia sepium planted in alley farms were fed to cattle and ruminant animals, there was increased survival and body weight. Moreover, dairy cow milk production increased significantly. Constraints to alley farming adoption include lack of knowledge about its benefits and lack of money. The paper concludes with suggestions for effective extension of alley farming to enhance adoption.
DNA-DNA REASSOCIATION STUDIES OF STRAINS IN THE GENERA RHODOSPORIDIUM AND RHODOTORULA

The genetic relatedness of 60 strains in the basidiomycetous yeast genera Rhodosporidium and Rhodotorula was studied by the DNA-DNA hybridization using the nitrocellulose filter technique. Degrees of the intraspecific reassociation among the DNAs from the strains of Rhodosporidium infirmominiatum, Rhodosporidium diobovatum, Rhodosporidium sphaerocarpum, and Rhodosporidium dacryoidum ranged from 64 to 99%. The mating-type strains of Rhodosporidium toruloides were divided into four homology clusters. The degrees of DNA-DNA reassociation between the mating-type strains and the self-sporulating strains in Rhodosporidium toruloides were very low. (18%) indicating the absence of relatedness between them. The strains of Rhodotorula glutinis were divided into five homology clusters. Among these strains, some, including the type strain, showed close relatedness to Rhodosporidium diobovatum, some to Rhodosporidium toruloides (self-sporulating), and some to Rhodotorula rubra, and Rhodotorula pilimanae. The strains of Rhodotorula minuta were divided into four homology clusters. A close relationship was found between some strains of Rhodotorula minuta including the type strain and a strain of Rhodotorula pallida. There was a very close relationship between the Rhodotorula sinensis strain and the strains of Rhodosporidium infirmominiatum.
DNA-induced α-Helical Structure in the NH2-terminal Domain of Histone H1*

It is important to establish the structural properties of linker histones to understand the role they play in chromatin higher order structure and gene regulation. Here, we use CD, NMR, and IR spectroscopy to study the conformation of the amino-terminal domain of histone H1°, free in solution and bound to the DNA. The NH2-terminal domain has little structure in aqueous solution, but it acquires a substantial amount of α-helical structure in the presence of trifluoroethanol (TFE). As in other H1 subtypes, the basic residues of the NH2-terminal domain of histone H1° are clustered in its COOH-terminal half. According to the NMR results, the helical region comprises the basic cluster (Lys11–Lys20) and extends until Asp23. The fractional helicity of this region in 90% TFE is about 50%. His24 together with Pro25constitute the joint between the NH2-terminal helix and helix I of the globular domain. Infrared spectroscopy shows that interaction with the DNA induces an amount of α-helical structure equivalent to that observed in TFE. As coulombic interactions are involved in complex formation, it is highly likely in the complexes with DNA that the minimal region with α-helical structure is that containing the basic cluster. In chromatin, the high positive charge density of the inducible NH2-terminal helical element may contribute to the binding stability of the globular domain.
Genetic differentiation and gene flow of Porcellionides pruinosus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) in Tunisia

Iso-enzymatic polymorphism analysis was carried out on Tunisian populations of Porcellionides pruinosus to clarify their confused taxonomic status, previously revealed by reproductive and morphological approaches. Seventeen allozyme loci were studied, using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis, in 230 adult specimens belonging to nine populations of P. pruinosus located in north, central and south Tunisia, to assess the levels of their intra-genetic and inter-genetic diversity, and to analyse their genetic structure. Our results indicate a low genetic variability with a polymorphism ratio ranging from 29.4% in Tabarka to 47.1% in the Garat Nâam and Raccada populations, and the mean number of alleles per locus was estimated at 1.51 ± 0.15. The direct-count of heterozygosity ranged between 8.1% and 15%. Substantial estimates of demic structuring were found at the total population (FST = 0.198), with a generalized and significant heterozygote deficiency detected in every population (with a mean value for all populations of FIS = 0.372). Genetic distances between the studied populations were low, indicating that they belong to the same species. Nevertheless, the genetic analyses showed the divergence of the population of Tabarka from all the other studied populations, with the lowest mean gene flow, 0.58, and the highest mean genetic distance, (0.182) obtained also by the morphological and reproductive approaches.
The superiority of bumblebees to honeybees as pollinators: insect visits to raspberry flowers

Abstract. 1 The behaviour and activity patterns of Apis mellifera and of five species of Bombus were analysed in relation to climatic variables and nectar quality on three varieties of unsprayed cultivated raspberry (Rubus idaeus) in eastern Scotland. 2 Stages of floral morphology and reward were similar for the three varieties: young flowers offered both nectar and pollen, but medium and old flowers offered nectar only, in diminishing quantities. 3 A wide range of insects visited raspberry flowers, but bees were dominant, bumblebees being responsible for about 60% of all visits and honeybees making up most of the remaining percentage. All bees had substantial pollen deposited on their bodies during visits, though few specifically collected it. 4 Bombus spp. were found to favour young (receptive) flowers strongly, especially early in the morning when pollen was most abundant: whilst Apis visited unselectively. Bumblebees also foraged over substantially longer periods of the day, and in poorer weather, some being present at most times of observation; and they foraged more quickly in terms of flower visits per minute. 5 Bombus carried more pollen on their bodies than Apis, and also deposited more pollen on raspberry stigmas, with B.lapidarius and B.terrestris being particularly effective and also being the most abundant species. All bumblebees also foraged over a longer range, moving between canes and rows more frequently than did honeybees. 6 Bumblebees are therefore likely to be substantially more important as pollinators of raspberries than are honeybees, especially as raspberries though moderately self‐fertile may exhibit metaxenia. Reasons why Bombus may be the preferred pollinator in most sites of raspberry cultivation are discussed, together with implications for present and future growers.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Children: Vulnerable or Spared? A Systematic Review

The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected people from all cultures, religions, gender, and age groups around the world. In the last few months, several studies have been conducted on various aspects of COVID-19. Our goal was to see if the pediatric population is vulnerable to this infection. In this review, we conducted extensive research mainly by using the PubMed database. We used Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and associated keywords to engage in an extensive search focussing on COVID-19 in the pediatric population. We discovered that most of the studies were from China, and some of them were in the Chinese language. However, English translations of many of the studies were available. For accessing the relevant statistical data, we relied on the World Health Organization (WHO) resources and the official website of the Ontario Government (ontario.ca). Most of the studies showed that the virus has affected the pediatric population. However, we found some differences among these studies regarding the severity of symptoms in children affected by COVID-19. While a few studies stated that the virus has presented with milder symptoms in the pediatric population, some studies have presented data of children who have suffered life-threatening complications due to COVID-19. Although the data is limited, we have been able to conclude from the studies we reviewed that COVID-19 does indeed affect children the same way as any other age group. Moreover, children can act as carriers of the virus and can endanger the lives of other individuals. Besides, neonates and infants can easily acquire the infection from family members without having any exposure to the outside world. Hence, utmost care should be taken while handling this population. More trials and studies should be conducted to analyze the impact of early diagnosis of infection in children and its management.
A New Traffic Conflict Measure for Electric Bicycles at Intersections

As electric bicycles (e-bikes) are becoming popular in China, concerns have been raised about their safety conditions. A traffic conflict technique is commonly used in traffic safety analysis, and there are many conflict measures designed for cars. However, e-bikes have high flexibility to change speed and trajectories, which is different from cars, so the conflict measures defined for e-bikes need to be independently explored. Based on e-bike driving characteristics, this paper proposes a new measure, the Integrated Conflict Intensity (ICI), for traffic conflicts involving e-bikes at intersections. It measures the degree of dangerousness of a conflict process, with consideration of both conflict risk and conflict severity. Time to collision is used to measure the conflict risk. Relative kinetic energy is used to measure the conflict severity. ICI can be calculated based on video analysis. The method of determining ICI thresholds for three conflict levels (serious, less serious, and slight) and two conflict types (conflicts between two e-bikes, and conflicts between an e-bike and a car) is put forward based on the questionnaires about safety perception of e-bike riders, which is regarded as the criterion of e-bike safety conditions at intersections. The video recording and a questionnaire survey about conflicts involving e-bikes at intersections have been conducted, and the unified thresholds applicable to different intersections have been determined. It is verified that ICI and its thresholds meet the criterion of e-bike safety conditions. This work is expected to be used in the selection of intersections for safety improvement of e-bike traffic.
Relations between carbon and nitrogen during growth of Nannochloropsis oculata (Droop) Hibberd under continuous illumination.

Growth of the marine eustigmatophyte Nannochloropsis oculata (Droop) Hibberd was Followed through two periods of batch growth from stationary phase until cessation of net C-fixation. Growth continued for two generations after exhaustion of the N-source (100μM NH4 + ), with an increase in the cell C/N mass ratio from 6 to 28. N-deprived cells had a larger mean volume (130%) than N-replete cells. Intracellular concentrations of carotenoids and Chla correlated with cell-N until exhaustion of the N-source, when Chla ml-1 of culture declined significantly. The contribution of intracellular amino-N to cell-N was less than 3% throughout exponential and stationary phases. The major intracellular amino acids were glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln) and alanine; concentrations of tyrosine (on a population basis) increased steadily during N-deprivation. The intracellular concentrations of other amino acids showed fluctuations corresponding with changes in growth rate (e.g. arginine) or cell-N (e.g. glycine). The intracellular ratio of Gln/Glu reached a peak of more than 26 within 3 h of inoculation of stationary phase cells into fresh medium, before falling to around 0.6 during exponential growth, and then remained below 0.1 after NH4 - exhaustion. Of the extracellular amino acids, concentrations of alanine and serine remained relatively constant throughout, while those of glycine, glutamate and of total dissolved free amino acids increased during exponential and early post-exponential phases, before levelling off at 1. 4μM amino-N. The behaviour of Nannochloropsis oculata is contrasted with the growth and physiology of Isochrysis galbana.
Incompatible functions: Problems of protection and comfort identified by female police officers required to wear ballistic vests over bras

ABSTRACT Fit-for-purpose operational equipment for women undertaking law enforcement has generated significant discussion and research internationally over several years. This research addresses the need to ensure optimum safety and fit for women who require ballistic vests as part of their policing roles. It examined whether bras can improve the performance of unisex ballistic vests for women of all bust sizes. A survey of 273 female Victoria Police officers was conducted. The results showed that unisex ballistic vests are not suitable for women with larger breasts when combined with commercial sports bras. Conversely, women with smaller breasts experienced limited issues. Although wire-free bras are recommended for use with ballistic vests, officers with larger breasts reported that they preferred to wear underwire bras. Women with larger breasts experienced more problems with unisex ballistic vests than women with small breasts. Sports bras are not designed to be worn under body armour for prolonged periods.
Antibacterial activity of flavanone isolated from Sophora exigua against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its combination with antibiotics

5,7,2′,4′‐Tetrahydroxy‐8‐lavandulyl‐flavanone, isolated from Sophora exigua, completely inhibited the growth of 21 strains of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at concentrations of 3.13–6.25 μg/mL. The anti‐MRSA effect was based on bactericidal action. In combinations of the flavanone with vancomycin, minocycline and rifampicin, the fractional inhibitory concentration indices were 0.90, 0.88 and 0.85, respectively, indicating partial synergistic effects with anti‐MRSA antibiotics. The proposed flavanone would be a potent phytotherapeutic agent against MRSA infections.