Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serum TNF- Related Weak Inducer of Apoptosis (TWEAK), TNF- Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) Levels in Patients with Bipolar Depression, Major Depression and a Healthy Control Group.

BACKGROUND A low-grade inflammation is presumed to be related to the etiopathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily members have roles in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders because of the relationship with inflammation and neurogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) levels in patients with bipolar depression (BD), MDD and a healthy control (HC) group to determine any differences between MDD and BD in terms of inflammation biomarkers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS After a 12-hour overnight fast, 5 milliliter (mL) samples of fasting blood were obtained from the participants. The TWEAK and TRAIL plasma levels were calculated using ELISA kits. RESULTS The TWEAK levels were found to be higher in the BD group than in the HC group (p=0.03). No statistically significant differences were determined between the BD vs MDD and MDD vs HC groups (p=0.17, p=0.37, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups (BD vs HC; BD vs MDD; MDD vs HC) in terms of TRAIL levels (p=0.21). CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to have explored TWEAK levels in patients with BD. The higher TWEAK levels in BD than in the control group is compatible with the inflammation hypothesis of BD. Limitations of the study were the differences in medications of the patient groups and that it was a cross-sectional study. There is a need for further longitudinal studies with larger sample size and medication-free patients.
Absence Unexcused: A Systematic Review on Truancy

ABSTRACT Mirroring trends in the legal system, discipline within education has adopted zero-tolerance policies in an attempt to curb undesired behaviors in school. K–12 schools have expanded the use of exclusionary discipline policies for lesser offenses, giving way to the phenomenon known as the school-to-prison-pipeline (STPP), which disproportionately affects black and Latinx students. While much is known about the link between exclusionary discipline policies and subsequent involvement in the juvenile legal system, less attention has been given to other education policies and practices that may be criminalized in a similar manner. In this systematic review, we argue that truancy policies and practices contribute to the STPP for black and Latinx students. We synthesize the research on school truancy to better understand the characteristics of students who experience truancy; predictors of truancy; the relationship between truancy, truancy policies, and various student outcomes; and the impact of truancy interventions and school disciplinary responses. Implications for improving research on truancy and disrupting the relationship between truancy and the STPP for black and Latinx youth are discussed.
Cognitive and Neuroimaging Profiles of Older Adults With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Presenting to a Memory Clinic

Objective: Some features of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may resemble those of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults, contributing to diagnostic uncertainty in individuals seeking assessment in memory clinics. We systematically compared cognition and brain structure in ADHD and MCI to clarify the extent of overlap and identify potential features unique to each. Method: Older adults from a Cognitive Neurology clinic (40 ADHD, 29 MCI, 37 controls) underwent neuropsychological assessment. A subsample (n = 80) underwent structural neuroimaging. Results: Memory was impaired in both patient groups, but reflected a storage deficit in MCI (supported by relatively smaller hippocampi) and an encoding deficit in ADHD (supported by frontal lobe thinning). Both groups displayed normal executive functioning. Semantic retrieval was uniquely impaired in MCI. Conclusion: Although ADHD has been proposed as a dementia risk factor or prodrome, we propose it is rather a pathophysiologically-unique phenotypic mimic acting via overlap in memory and executive performance.
Activities and characteristics of instructional school leadership from the perspective of elementary school principals

This paper shows results of an empirical study on characteristics of instructional school leadership conducted on the sample of 30 Croatian elementary school principals. Two research questions were asked: 1. How elementary school principals describe and comment instructional school leadership activities that they conduct in their schools, observing them from their own role’s perspective and instructional goals that they want to achieve and 2. How elementary school principals describe and experience circumstances that have an impact on initiation and implementation of previously described instructional school leadership activities. In regards to set questions, elementary qualitative interpretative research approach was used. Data was gathered using written interview, whereas the results of thematic content analysis revealed two key thematic categories: the list of most conducted instructional school leadership activities and key interactions of principals during the implementation of instructional school leadership. Variabilities in the implementation of instructional school leadership in several aspects were observed, out of which key instructional school leadership’s contents and outcomes focused on the strengthening of students’ and teachers’ capacities are singled out as well as roles and principals’ relationship in interaction with various subjects.
A cellular automata and particle-tracking simulation of abrasive jet micromachining that accounts for particle spatial hindering and second strikes

A cellular automaton simulation for the prediction of the size and shape of masked features resulting from the abrasive jet micro-machining (AJM) of brittle targets was presented. The trajectories of individual erosive particles were tracked in the simulation, allowing for multiple particle to surface and particle to mask collisions. The target substrate and mask were both modelled as cellular automatons, and the substrate eroded due to individual particle impacts. The simulation allowed the prediction of complex phenomena such as mask under-etch, mask ricochet, spatial hindering and second-strike effects, which cannot be readily modelled using analytical techniques. The predictions of the simulation were compared with measurements of unmasked micro-holes and micro-channels in borosilicate glass, with the abrasive nozzle both perpendicular and oblique to the target surface, with very good agreement. The simulation was able to predict the surface evolution, including its curvature, more accurately than previous models. The results highlight the importance of modelling the effect of particle size distribution and second strikes in the prediction of the size and shape of features fabricated using AJM.
The Problem of Zombie Cops in Voodoo Criminology: Arresting the Police Patrol 100 Yard Myth

The widely held criminological 'knowledge' that foot patrol beat policing is ineffective at either arresting offenders or reducing crime is substantially supported by research conducted by Clarke and Hough (1984), which makes the claim that: '. a patrolling policeman in London could expect to pass within 100 yards of a burglary in progress, roughly once every eight years but not necessarily catch the burglar or even realise that the crime was taking place. ' This claim has been repeated, apparently unquestioningly, as though it is based upon veracious empirical research evidence from policing research in the field, in at least 45 publications, which include scholarly books, peer reviewed journal articles, research reports and police magazines. Clarke's and Hough's claim remains influential to the extent that it is effectively treated as 'criminological commonsense'. In fact, the claim is based upon a pencil and paper mathematical exercise involving three questionable premises. Two of these are disclosed and they are accompanied by a third, which we believe a reader might reasonably infer to be implicit. In this paper, we question all three assumptions and therefore question the veracity of its widespread use in supporting the accepted criminological wisdom about the predestined ineffectiveness of routine police foot patrol.
EVALUATION OF RENAL CHANGES IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE IN A REFERRAL GOVERNMENT INSTITUTE OF SOUTHERN ODISHA

Objective: The objective of the study was to study various renal manifestations in sickle cell disease (SCD) and to establish a cause and effect relationship with the evaluation of risk factors. Methods: This prospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 82 SCD patients belonging to the age group of 15–50 years of both the genders over a period of 2 years from January 2019 to December 2020 in MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India. Eighty-two patients, 32 (39.02%) having sickle cell anemia (SCA) and 50 (60.98%) having sickle cell trait (SCT), admitted to medicine and nephrology wards of the hospital were included in this study. SCD patients with other hemolytic anemia and with renal congenital/structural abnormality and patients with systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension, and systemic lupus erythematosus were excluded from the study. Various laboratory investigations such as complete blood count, hemoglobin (Hb), serum sodium, serum potassium, serum urea, serum creatinine, fasting blood sugar, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, liver function test, urine routine, and microscopic test were carried out. Diagnosis of SCD patients was based on sickling test and high-performance liquid chromatography testing. Radiologic imaging (Sonography for renal changes) was done at radiodiagnosis department of the hospital. Results: Glomerular and tubular dysfunction was more in SCA (Hb SS) patients than SCT (Hb AS) patients and the abnormality was more in patients in crisis. Albuminuria in 78.12%, hematuria in 46.87%, cast and crystal in 28.12%, epithelial cell in 31.25%, and hyposthenuria in 56.25% were found in SCA patients. In SCT patients, albuminuria in 38%, hematuria in 16%, cast and crystal in 22%, epithelial cell in 12%, and hyposthenuria in 24% were found. All the above findings were more in percentages in crisis patients of both the groups. In SCA, 37.5% and in SCT, 2% were found to have chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: Renal involvement in the form of glomerular and tubular dysfunction occur in SCD and more in crisis patients, leading to renal complications, and end-stage renal disease.
Optimizing Tip Diameter in Phacoemulsification of Varying Lens Sizes: An in vitro Study

Purpose We assessed the effect of two lens cube sizes, three tip sizes, and two ultrasound (US) approaches on phacoemulsification efficiency and chatter. Methods After porcine lens nuclei were soaked in formalin, we divided them into cubes measuring 2.0 mm or 3.0 mm. We collected efficiency and chatter data for 30-degree bent 19 G, 20 G, and 21 G tips with a continuous torsional US system; and for straight 19 G, 20 G, and 21 G tips with a micropulse longitudinal US system. Results The average time needed for removal was always higher for the 3.0 mm lens cube than for the 2.0 mm lens cube. Statistically significant differences were observed between the 19 G and 21 G tips with micropulse longitudinal US using a 2.0 mm cube and a 3.0 mm cube, and with continuous transversal US using a 2.0 mm lens cube and a 3.0 mm cube. We did not observe significant differences between 19 G and 20 G tips with either cube size in either US system. However, we noted identical trends for both cube sizes with both US approaches; 19 G tips performed better than 20 G and 21 G tips. Conclusion Regardless of the lens size, 19 G needles were the most efficient, and had both the fewest outliers and the smallest standard deviations.
Fibre optic wavelength channel selector with high resolution

The coupling of optical power between a fibre, side polished close to the core, and a planar multimode waveguide overlay is highly wavelength selective. Vacuum deposited films and polished lithium niobate have been used in the role of the overlay and a wavelength resolution of 3nm (with subnanometre feasibility) has been demonstrated with losses of less than 0.2dB. Electro-optic tunability in the region of a few nanometres was also observed for the lithium niobate devices.
Academic Emotions

The University is an institution that disciplines the academic self. As such it produces both a particular emotional culture and, at times, the emotional suffering of those who find such disciplinary practices discomforting. Drawing on a rich array of writing about the modern academy by contemporary academics, this Element explores the emotional dynamics of the academy as a disciplining institution, the production of the academic self, and the role of emotion in negotiating power in the ivory tower. Using methodologies from the History of Emotion, it seeks to further our understanding of the relationship between the institution, emotion and the self.
A 77-GHz antenna and fully integrated radar transceiver in package

A 77-GHz–directional folded dipole antenna integrated in an embedded wafer level ball grid array package is presented. For the characterization of the antenna, a frequency multiplier is embedded, which scales the 4.25-GHz input signal up to 76.5 GHz and allows the use of a commercial signal source. The antenna structure is manufactured at the metallic layer, in the fan-out area of the package, and is directly connected to the monolithically integrated transceiver. The gain of the antenna is about 7 dBi, measured over a large bandwidth of about 8 GHz. The combination of the frequency multiplier with a 77-GHz transceiver and the on-package antenna is a promising approach for a system-in-package to future radar modules for automotive radar applications. Such a module avoids 77-GHz transitions to the printed circuit board and hence simplifies the design and manufacturing of the radar sensor significantly.
An Enhanced Water Solubility and Stability of Anthocyanins in Mulberry Processed with Hot Melt Extrusion

Mulberry fruits are rich sources of anthocyanins that exhibit beneficial biological activity. These anthocyanins become instable in an aqueous media, leading to their low bioavailability. In this study, a colloidal dispersion was produced by processing mulberry samples with hot-melt extrusion. In this process, hydrophilic polymer matrices were used to disperse the compound in an aqueous media. Mulberry samples were processed with hot-melt extrusion and in the presence of an ionization agent and sodium alginate to form mulberry-extrudate solid formulations. The particle size of mulberry-extrudate solid formulations decreased, while the total phenol content, the total anthocyanin content, and solubility increased. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed that mulberry-extrudate solid formulations now contained new functional groups, such as –COOH group. We investigated whether mulberry-extrudate solid formulations had a positive impact on the stability of anthocyanins. The non-extrudate mulberry sample and mulberry-extrudate solid formulations were incubated with a simulated gastric fluid system and an intestinal fluid system. The number of released anthocyanins was determined with HPLC. We found that anthocyanins were released rapidly from non-extrudate mulberry extract. Mulberry-extrudate solid formulations contained a large number of available anthocyanins even after being incubated for 180 min in the intestinal fluid system. Thus, hot-melt extrusion enhanced water solubility and stability of anthocyanins with the prolonged release.
Thermal Conductivity of Some Major Building Materials in Saudi Arabia

The objective of this work was to measure the thermal conductivity of the more common building materials used in Saudi Arabia and compare the results with the data reported in handbooks These materials included seven types of clay bricks, one type of sandlime bricks, five types of concrete blocks and one type of pre fabricated wall The study shows that, although the thermal conductivities of these materials lie within the range of the values reported in handbooks, they are on the higher side of the range.
The mechanisms for passive suppression of fluctuating surface pressure in a supersonic cavity flow

of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy THE MECHANISMS FOR PASSIVE SUPPRESSION OF FLUCTUATING SURFACE PRESSURE IN A SUPERSONIC CAVITY FLOW By Jonathan G. Dudley December 2010 Chair: Lawrence Ukeiley Major: Mechanical Engineering The study of the passive suppression of supersonic cavity flow using a rod immersed in the upstream boundary layer is a unique and challenging fluid mechanics problem. The flowfield includes a compressible shear layer interacting with a complex pattern of compression and expansion waves. The turbulent fluctuations inside the shear layer may be amplified through a feedback-receptivity cycle resulting in increased pressure loading on the surfaces of the cavity. Studying the mechanisms dictating the suppression of these amplified turbulent fluctuations when control is present makes for an enlightening and challenging problem. A combined experimental and time accurate numerical study using detached-eddy simulation was conducted to study the suppression of pressure fluctuations due to supersonic cavity flow at M∞ = 1.4 over an open rectangular cavity with a length-to-depth ratio of six. In this study, the focus is confined to suppression due to a rod spoiler. The experimental measurements included temporally resolved fluctuating surface pressure measurements coupled with spatially resolved particle image velocimetry. Analysis of the fluctuating pressures on the cavity surfaces included investigations of the root-mean-square fluctuating pressure, spectral analysis, correlation and coherence analysis and joint time-frequency spectrograms. The shear layer flowfield and turbulence was studied using ensemble averaged turbulent statistics including two-point spatial turbulent velocity correlations and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition. Results indicate that the most effective suppression of the fluctuating pressures was achieved when a rod 14 sized roughly 40% of the boundary layer was placed such that the top of the rod was near the top edge of the boundary layer. It was shown that the rod leads to a thicker shear layer that initially spreads more rapidly. The turbulent structures in the wake of the rod interact with the cavity shear layer with a time periodic excitation which lifts the shear layer near the cavity leading edge. The structures are smaller and less organized which is believed to lead to a shear layer that is less receptive to the disturbances propagating upstream inside the cavity. The controlled cavity exhibits an altered aft wall impingement point which is due to the lifting and altered flapping nature of the shear layer. The upstream propagating disturbance emanating from the aft wall is thus weakened due in part to the lower speed flow impinging on the aft wall. These coupled events lead to drastically reduced tonal components (which are lowered to near broadband levels) and notable lowering of the broadband levels of the fluctuating pressure measured on the cavity surfaces.
Coronavirus-induced self-focused adaptation efforts in tourism: asymmetric modelling approach

ABSTRACT This empirical study aims to explore whether tourists have a positive adaptive behaviour response under the impact of COVID-19 from Chinese tourist perspective and if so, which factors in times of crisis can drive or hinder changes in tourists’ adaptive behaviour response. A conceptual model with survey data obtained from 1091 Chinese respondents after COVID-19 outbreak was established mainly based on protection motivation theory (PMT) and examined using structural equation modelling (SEM) technique and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to gain a comprehensive understanding of complex relationships between indicators and outcome variables. SEM results confirmed Chinese present positive adaptive travel behaviour, which is significantly affected by perceived severity of COVID-19, coping appraisal at a social level, perceived support from other people, perceived effectiveness of social media information, and travel intention in times of COVID-19. fsQCA analysis was used to reinforce and supplement SEM results by simulating three and one causal configurational models depicting the conditions of high and low levels of adaptive travel behaviour, which provides effective ways for improving the capacity of destinations to adapt to a dynamic environment and achieve tourism recovery.
Testing the volatility jumps based on the high frequency data

This article tests volatility jumps based on the high frequency data. Under the null hypothesis that the volatility process is a continuous semimartingale, our test statistic converges to a normal distribution, and under the alternative hypothesis where the volatility has jumps, the statistic diverges to infinity. Compared to the test statistic of Bibinger et al. (Bibinger et al. (2017). Annals of Statistics 45, 1542–1578), our proposed statistic diverges to infinity at a faster rate, and has a better power. Simulation studies confirm the theoretical results, and an empirical analysis shows that some real financial data possess volatility jumps.
Historical evolution of air transport productivity and efficiency

*† ‡ The paper describes the evolution of transport airplanes since the 20s un til present times. Main features of near 200 airplanes, both propeller driven and jet engined, serve for the purpose. The selected data include cruise speed, design range, maximum power or thrust (depending on the propulsion type) at take -off, gross wing a rea, design payload, empty weight and maximum take -off weight. Derivative characteristics such as wing loading or power over weight ratio are also considered as relevant quantitative information for the history of transport aircraft. For its great importan ce in air transport, productivity (payload times range) and productivity efficiency are dealt with in some extent. The analysis shows the influence of technological advances in aerodynamics, propulsion, materials and structures, and avionics and systems. A nd it is also of great help to understand the changes in various market segments, as well as on manufacturers’ policies and strategies.