Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estudo do Efeito Neuroprotetor do Eugenol em Modelo Experimental da Doença de Huntington

The aging of the population is one of the greatest triumphs of humanity and also one of the major challenges. However, the increase in life expectancy of the population has led to an increase in the incidence of diseases characteristics, and this has provided an increasing interest in studies aiming new strategies for prevention and cure of such pathologies. Several lines of evidence have shown that mitochondrial alterations and high oxidative stress levels are strongly associated to the development of many typical diseases of aging and Huntington's disease (HD). Several animal models have been used to study the neuropathological and biochemical characteristics of these diseases and to determine new therapeutic approaches. 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is a neurotoxin that inhibits the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase, which is present in the Krebs cycle and in complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Its inhibition leads to an energy deficit, alteration in calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress and cell death, mimicking many of motor, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms of Huntington's disease. Currently, there is no treatment that can prevent, slow or reverse the progression of HD, and natural compounds with antioxidant activity have shown neuroprotective effect. The eugenol, among its various activities, displays antioxidant and before it can have a neuroprotective effect against DH. So the objective of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective activity of eugenol on behavioral and biochemical parameters induced by intraperitoneal administration of 3-NP. Behavioral assessments were conducted by using open field, rotarod and elevated plus maze models. It was also evaluated in vitro antioxidant activity of eugenol by the method of free radical DPPH ̇ capture; antioxidant activity in vivo by the determination of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and its acute toxicity. Intraperitoneal administration of 3-NP (20 mg/kg for 7 days) caused significant body weight loss, motor impairment and loss of memory retention when compared to control animals. Biochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in lipid peroxidation in brain regions analyzed (substantia nigra, striatum and cortex). Daily treatment with eugenol orally for 7 days in the 3-NP was administered, significantly improved the body weight, motor and cognitive performance when compared to group 3-NP. Furthermore, the treatment with eugenol attenuated lipid peroxidation. It was observed that eugenol exhibits good in vitro antioxidant activity (IC50 = 33.12 μg/ml) in comparison with the ascorbic acid standard (IC50 = 3.676 μg/mL). The minimum lethal dose of eugenol was higher than 2g/kg. These results suggest that the eugenol has neuroprotective effect against the degeneration induced by the neurotoxin 3-NP, probably because it is a phenolic compound having antioxidant activity and, thus, a possible therapeutic agent for HD.
Risk factors associated with the mortality rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients

Abstract In Malaysia, oral cancer is very common and the reported 5-year survival of such patients is nearly 50% after treatment with surgery and radiotherapy, much lower than most of the developed countries. This study aimed to investigate the socio-demographic and clinicopathological parameters that influence the mortality rate of the patients suffering from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the Kelantanse population. In this retrospective study, data regarding socio-demographic, clinicopathological factors, and treatment outcome associated with OSCC were gathered from the archives of the medical records office of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. For statistical analysis, simple and multiple logistic regression were performed. The significance level was set to P < . 25. A total of 211 OSCC cases were registered in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2018. Majority of them were male (57.82%), non-smoker (54.97%), non-alcohol consumer (91.94%), and non-betel quid chewer (93.83%) Malay (60.66%) patients. The tongue was the most commonly involved part of the oral cavity (41.52%). Histologically, the majority of the cases had moderately-differentiated OSCC (52.82%). Most of the patients were diagnosed at stage IV at the time of diagnosis (61.61%). When this study was performed, the survival status of the majority of the patients was alive (68.24%). Within the analyzed socio-demographic and clinicopathological parameters, gender, alcohol consumption, T-classification, histological grading, and treatment status have been demonstrated as an independent risk factors for mortality rate in multivariate analysis. Hence, these parameters need to be taken into account for the individualized therapy management of OSCC patients.
Optimal cutoff values for visceral fat volume to predict metabolic syndrome in a Korean population

Abstract Previous studies have reported the association between visceral fat and metabolic syndrome (MS); however, just few studies have been conducted to evaluate the relationship between actual visceral fat volume (VFV) and MS. This study aimed to obtain 3 dimensional VFV and subcutaneous fat volume (SFV) using abdominal computed tomography (CT) and determine MS-predictive cutoff values. A total of 250 individuals, aged 27 to 80 years, who underwent health screening with abdominal CT between November 2019 and May 2020 were included. The subcutaneous (SFA) and visceral (VFA) fat areas were quantified using axial images obtained at the level of the lowest to the highest part of the umbilicus. The SFV and VFV were quantified from the highest level of the liver dome to the pelvic floor on axial CT images. The Aquarius iNtuition software program (TeraRecon, Foster City, CA) was used to calculate the SFA, VFA, SFV, and VFV. Subcutaneous fat mass and visceral fat mass (VFM) were measured using an adipose tissue density of 0.9 g/mL. We used the modified criteria of MS proposed by the Third National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults and waist circumference of ≥90 cm in men and ≥85 cm in women to define MS. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to compare the fat areas, volumes, and mass according to the presence of MS and sex. Additionally, a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the cutoff values for VFV, SFV, VFM, subcutaneous fat mass, VFA, and SFA associated with MS. Of the assessed variables, VFV and VFM had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value for predicting MS in both men and women: 0.811 (95% confidence interval, 0.743–0.868) for men and 0.826 (95% confidence interval, 0.727–0.900) for women. The MS-predictive cutoff values were 4852 cm3 and 4366.8 g for men and 3101 cm3 and 2790.9 g for women, respectively. Further, large, population-based studies are needed to validate these cutoff values.
Attraction Response of Tuta absoluta Females to Solanaceous Host in Y-Tube Olfactometer

Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (plant synomones) play a very crucial role in the communication of plantinsect relationships. The main objectives of the present study are to compare the attraction of solanaceous plant species, different tomato plant ages and infestation levels to tomato leaf miner (TLM) Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera; Gelechiidae) females. Results indicated that TLM females prefer tomato plants to other tested solanaceous species with attractiveness ratio of 83.3% compared to 76.6, 70 and 13.3% for potato, eggplant and pepper plants, respectively. Results also showed that the higher percentages of attraction were associated with the elder (45 days) tomato plants with an average of 76.67%. The attraction response of TLM females to tomato plants inside olfactometer was higher for newly infested tomato plants (NITP) than the older previously infested plants or host-plant-complex. The attractiveness to newly TLM-infested plants was recorded at 43.33%. The importance of these findings in T. absoluta management programs is discussed.
Physical Modelling of Earthquake-induced Liquefaction on Uniform Soil Deposit and Earth Structures Settlement

Earthquake-induced liquefaction has been a complex and challenging topic in the field of geotechnical engineering due to its ability to cause catastrophic damage to the surrounding area. The manifestation of earthquake-induced liquefaction as observed from the effect of its past occurrence is damages on the ground and structures such as buildings, earth structures, and important lifelines structures. Liquefaction is caused by the loss of strength and stiffness of the cohesionless saturated soils due to the rapid dynamic loads from the earthquake. However, its complexity and uncertainty make the problems as one of the challenging problems in geotechnical engineering. One of the method to analyse the phenomena is through Physical modelling. Model subjected to the geotechnical centrifuge is required to analyse and observed the earthquake-induced liquefaction phenomena and this study aimed to understand the liquefaction phenomena, mechanism, and consequences through physical modelling by centrifuge and laboratory tests. This involved the physical modelling of the embankment which lies on a liquefiable foundation ground and subjection to earthquake motion of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake retrieved from K-Net Mito stations. Moreover, geotechnical centrifuge test with 50 g of centrifugal acceleration was conducted to create the conditions of the actual field and the behaviour of the model related to acceleration, pore pressure, and displacement was observed using sensors. The liquefaction manifestation was observed in the model with the occurrence of lateral spreading, remnants of the sand boils, and deformation of the embankment. Furthermore, excess pore water pressure was rapidly developed and the pore pressure ratio (ru) higher than 1 was found to have indicated the occurrence of liquefaction while the embankment settle was estimated at 0.43 m.
THE IMPACT OF CLIMATIC FACTORS ON RICE PRODUCTION IN INDONESIA

Rice production is greatly affected by climatic factors which keep changing along with time. Therefore, the effects of climate change on rice production in Indonesia need to be studied. The objectives of this study are to determine: (1) the difference of interregional climate in each region and (2) the impact of climatic factors on rice production in Indonesia. Just and Pope Production function was used as the analytical frameworks, and Cobb-Douglas function form was used to analyze the data. The analysis was conducted with regards to rice production in ten provinces in Indonesia from 1985 to 2017. The result shows that there were some differences in climatic condition in each region in Indonesia. The regression analysis shows that maximum temperature and minimum temperature have positive impacts on rice production, on the other hand, El Nino and La Nina affect the production negatively. The results of this study can be considered by the policy makers in making decisions related to adaptation and mitigation on climate change encounter.
Production, growth and nutritional quality of chickpea depending on nitrogen and phosphorus

Chickpea is rich in protein and carbohydrates, of importance in human food. Currently, its performance is limited due to a lack of recommendations on fertilization, mainly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). In this sense, these nutrients can contribute to increase yield, accelerate growth, biomass accumulation and nutritional quality. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of N and P on the days to occurrence of phenological phases, grain yield, crop growth, biomass accumulation and nutritional quality of chickpea. Under seasonal rain conditions in Huitzuco, Guerrero, Mexico, chickpea was planted on June 1, 2017, with three levels of N (0, 75 and 150 kg N ha) and P (0, 75 and 150 kg N ha); respectively. During the study, the maximum and minimum temperatures ranged from 31 to 35 °C and 16 to 18 °C respectively, with rainfall of 806 mm. The occurrence of phenological stages was similar between treatments, thus, emergence occurred 10 days after sowing (dds), flowering at 55 dds and at 120 dds physiological maturity. With 150 kg of N and P ha (N150-P150), the highest grain yield was presented (580 g m), the highest accumulation of total biomass (490 g m), and the grain was the organ of the plant to which the amount of accumulated biomass was modified with an increase of 3% in relation to treatments without N. The average growth rate of the crop was higher with applications of N, while with P the trend was similar. On the other hand, the nutrient that most influenced to intercept radiation was N. With N and P, the concentration of proteins and soluble carbohydrates increased mainly.
Study on the Relationship between Quantum Entanglement and Spacetime

Quantum entanglement and spacetime are strongly associated fields in modern physics. This paper investigated the connection between quantum entanglement and spacetime, particularly focusing on how they mutually form one another. The quantum mechanics and relativity theory cannot peacefully coexist in some cases, so it is difficult to combine them together. This article analyzes studies which suggest quantum entanglement can fabricate the continuous spacetime, and studies that imply spacetime geometry can explain quantum entanglement. These findings may bring us a better vision of the relation between quantum mechanics and relativity, as well as pave a path to the unification of quantum mechanics and relativity.
Period Bouncer Cataclysmic Variable EZ Lyn in Quiescence

We report the study of the accretion disk structure of the period bouncer cataclysmic variable EZ Lyn (SDSS J080434.20+510349.2) in quiescence based on our new time-resolved photometric and spectroscopic observations and data extracted from archives. The object magnitude now is V = 17.95(5), close to its brightest before the first superoutburst in 2006. We confirmed the presence of the small eclipse in the optical light curve. The spectra obtained in quiescence at different epochs look similar. However, the contribution of the disk and intensities of emission lines are strongly varied. We singled out pure accretion disk spectra and found that the Balmer decrement Hα:Hβ:Hγ:Hδ = 1.61:1.0:0.76:0.59 is comparable with one at bright accretion disks in longer period cataclysmic variables. The decrement suggests that emission lines are excited collisionally in an optical thin part of the disk with average density and temperature of logN 0 = 12.5(2) and T = (10–15) × 103 K. Based on the photometric data and our modeling techniques, we redetermined the mass of M WD = 0.85(1) M ⊙ and the current effective temperature T WD,eff = 11,250(50) K of the white dwarf. The secondary has mass of M 2 = 0.042(14) M ⊙. The system inclination is 79.0°(2). The mass accretion rate is about Ṁ≈(0.3–3.0)×10−12M⊙ yr−1. The disk luminosity, together with results from light-curve modeling, suggests a low effective temperature ∼2500 K of the continuum emitting region, where also the spiral arm pattern is hosted.
Regional modelling of Saharan dust and biomass-burning smoke

The direct radiative forcing and dynamic atmospheric response due to Saharan dust and biomass-burning aerosol particles are presented for a case study during the SAMUM-2 field campaign in January and February 2008. The regional model system COSMO-MUSCAT is used. It allows online interaction of the computed dust and smoke load with the solar and terrestrial radiation and with the model dynamics. Model results of upward solar irradiances are evaluated against airborne radiation measurements in the Cape Verde region. The comparison shows a good agreement for the case of dust and smoke mixture. Dust and smoke particles influence the atmospheric dynamics by changing the radiative heating rates. The related pressure perturbations modify local and synoptic scale air-flow patterns. In the radiative feedback simulations, the Hadley circulation is enhanced and convergence zones occur along the Guinea coast. Thus, the smoke particles spread more than 5◦ further north and the equatorward transport is reduced. Within the convergence zones, Saharan dust and biomass-burning material are more effectively advected towards the Cape Verdes. Given the model uncertainties, the agreement between the modelled and observed aerosol distribution is locally improved when aerosol–radiation interaction is considered.
Orographic resolution driving the improvements associated with horizontal resolution increase in the Northern Hemisphere winter mid-latitudes

Abstract. In recent years much attention has been devoted to the investigation of the impact of increasing the horizontal resolution of global climate models. In the present work, a set of atmosphere-only idealized sensitivity simulations with EC-Earth3 have been designed to disentangle the relative roles of increasing the resolution of the resolved orography and of the atmospheric grid. Focusing on the winter Northern Hemisphere, it is shown that if the grid is refined while keeping the resolved orography unchanged, model biases are reduced only in some specific occasions. Conversely, increasing the resolved (or mean) orography is found to clearly reduce several important systematic model errors, including synoptic transient eddies, the North Atlantic jet stream variability and atmospheric blocking frequency and duration. From an analysis of the radiation budget it is concluded that the large changes in radiative fluxes caused by the resolution increase – something commonly observed in climate models – have a relevant impact on the atmospheric circulation, partially offsetting the benefits obtained from the increase in orographic resolution. These findings point to the necessity of always tuning climate models to fully exploit the benefits of high horizontal resolution.
IMPACT OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON PROFITABILITY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TELECOM SECTOR IN INDIA

Abstract: The objective of this study is to ascertain the impact of capital structure on firm’s profitability. This study is focused on Telecom Sector and nine companies are taken as sample for the period of five years. For the study purpose, the data has been collected from the secondary sources i.e. from the annual reports of the selected sample companies. Regression and correlation is used to analyse the data. The variables used for the study are Debt to Capital Ratio as the independent variable and Gross Profit Ratio, Operating Profit Ratio, Net Profit Ratio, Return on Assets, Return on Capital Employed and Return on Equity as the dependent variables. Results of the analysis show that there is a negative association between capital structure and profitability except the association between capital structure and gross profit ratio.
Exclusive dimuon production in ultraperipheral 
Pb+Pb
 collisions at 
sNN=5.02TeV
 with ATLAS

Exclusive dimuon production in ultraperipheral collisions (UPC), resulting from photon– photon interactions in the strong electromagnetic fields of colliding high-energy lead nuclei, PbPb(γγ) → μ+μ−(Pb(★)Pb(★) ), is studied using Lint = 0.48 nb−1 of √ sNN = 5.02 TeV lead– lead collision data at the LHC with the ATLAS detector. Dimuon pairs are measured in the fiducial region pT,μ > 4 GeV, |ημ | < 2.4, invariant mass mμμ > 10 GeV, and pT,μμ < 2 GeV. The primary background from single-dissociative processes is extracted from the data using a template fitting technique. Differential cross sections are presented as a function of mμμ, absolute pair rapidity (|yμμ |), scattering angle in the dimuon rest frame (| cos θμμ |) and the colliding photon energies. The total cross section of the UPC γγ → μ+μ− process in the fiducial volume is measured to be σ fid = 34.1±0.3(stat.)±0.7(syst.) μb. Generally good agreement is found with calculations from STARlight, which incorporate the leading-order Breit–Wheeler process with no final-state effects, albeit differences between the measurements and theoretical expectations are observed. In particular, the measured cross sections at larger |yμμ | are found to be about 10-20% larger in data than in the calculations, suggesting the presence of larger fluxes of photons in the initial state. Modification of the dimuon cross sections in the presence of forward and/or backward neutron production is also studied and is found to be associated with a harder incoming photon spectrum, consistent with expectations.
Prediction of Soil Properties at Farm Scale Using a Model-Based Soil Sampling Scheme and Random Forest

Abstract Digital soil mapping techniques can reduce the costs associated with improving soil information at the farm scale. Many techniques exist for generating a digital soil mapping. In this study, we tested the use of a random forest (RF) and two model-based soil-sampling scheme, conditioned with Latin hypercube (cLHS) and fuzzy c-means sampling (FCMS) to predict soil properties for a 68-ha agricultural field. The predictor set included the use of inexpensive auxiliary information such as digital elevation models, yield maps, surface reflectance, and apparent soil electrical conductivity measurements. Our results support the underlying assumption that both cLHS and FCMS capture adequately the full predictor distribution in the Pampas conditions. Despite the complex local variation of soils and the instability of normalized difference vegetation index and yield maps, the RF models predicted soil properties at farm scale. The RF model with cLHS and FCMS explained about 65% (R2 = 0.648) and 57% (R2 = 0.571) of the variability of soil organic matter and about 71% (R2 = 0.714) and 68% (R2 = 0.686) of the variability of clay, respectively. Our results provide a significant improvement of information related to soil organic matter and clay content with respect to the soil survey available. Extrapolation and applicability of this study to other areas remain to be tested.
Comparative yield of cassava under mineral fertilization and green manure

The use of legumes as green manures in agri-food crops is a cultural practice that reduces the excessive use of fertilizers, improves fertility and reduces soil erosion. The crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea L.) is a legume that is used as green manure due to its rapid growth and nitrogen contribution to the soil. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the legume Crotalaria juncea L. as green manure on cassava yield and soil fertility at different plantation densities. The experiment was carried out from September 2018 to April 2019 in the Experimental Field of the Postgraduate College-Tabasco Campus. A completely randomized experimental design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement was applied, the statistical analyzes were performed in the Statistic program, 2003. The yield of cassava tuberous roots did not show significant differences due to the effect of green manure and the density of plantation, on average the yields in dry and fresh weight were 4.44 and 13.26 t ha, respectively. Cassava with a density of 10 375 plants ha presented the highest leaf yields (1.23 t ha). Regarding the fertility of the soil, there was no significant difference between the treatments, the OM of the soil was not affected by the presence of C. juncea and the contents of N, P and K in the soil were 0.27%, 8.25 mg kg and 0.32 cmol kg respectively, which presented tendencies to increase due to the effect of green manure (C. juncea).