Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The consideration of individual contextual factors in neonatal pain assessment : validation and revision of the Bernese Pain Scale for Neonates

Neonates are dependent on a caregiver to discover that they are in pain and to manage it. Numerous pain assessment scales have been developed, but pain assessment is challenging because neonates of different gestational ages (GAs) have widely varied pain responses. Individual contextual factors such as GA or health status may account for this variability in pain response. The aim of the present dissertation was the validation and revision of the Bernese Pain Scale for Neonates (BPSN) by testing its psychometric properties and analyzing the influence of individual contextual factors on the variability in pain response. The BPSN is a pain assessment tool that is widely used in Swiss neonatal intensive care units. In this prospective multisite validation study, 154 neonates between 24 2/7 and 41 4/7 weeks of gestation were videotaped during 1-5 routine capillary heel sticks in their first 14 days of life. For each heel stick, three video sequences were produced: baseline, heel stick, and recovery. Comprehensive psychometric testing was conducted to examine the BPSN’s underlying factor structure, interrater reliability, concurrent and construct validity, sensitivity and specificity. Single and multiple linear mixed effects analyses were used to examine the influence of individual contextual factors on variability in pain response. The results of the psychometric testing indicated a significant reduction of the scale from nine to four items: crying, facial expression, posture and heart rate. This modified BPSN showed promising reliability and validity, especially when the cut-off that discriminates between no or low pain and moderate to severe pain is adjusted to increase with increasing GA. Apart from the GA, baseline behavioral state and ventilation status were the individual contextual factors which the revised BPSN should account for. The BPSN-Revised is a promising tool for acute procedural pain assessment in full-term and preterm neonates with different GAs. Future studies should test its validity, feasibility and clinical utility.
Prevalence and social determinants of overweight and obesity in adolescents in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review

Obesity in adolescents has a serious impact later in life in the form of disturbances in health and wellbeing. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity (Ow/Ob) in Saudi adolescents and to construct an ecological model of social determinants (SDs) of Ow/Ob and evaluate current evidence of their effect on Saudi adolescents. A systematic review of literature reported up until 31 December 2018 on Ow/Ob and factors that can influence them in Saudi adolescents was conducted. Fifty‐one studies with n = 97 666 adolescents (55.6% males) were reviewed. The prevalence of Ow/Ob started off high and continued to increase over time. Most of the 49 reviewed SDs reports, from 19 studies, showed positive association between SDs constructed ecological model and Ow/Ob in Saudi adolescents. The prevalence of Ow/Ob among adolescents is a major public health problem in Saudi Arabia, is growing at an alarming rate and SDs play a significant role in this problem, and should be considered in all strategies targeting it. The constructed ecological model for SDs of Ow/Ob in adolescents can serve as a useful exploratory tool that helps investigating the multi‐faceted aetiology of adolescent Ow/Ob and facilitates the development of effective intervention and prevention programmes.
Influence of recycled concrete aggregate treatment methods on performance of sustainable warm mix asphalt

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the usability of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) in warm mix asphalt (WMA) as the implementation of sustainable construction technology. Five replacement rates (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) were tested for the coarse fraction of virgin aggregate (VA) with 3 types of RCA: untreated RCA, HL-treated RCA, and HCL-treated RCA. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed to investigate the surface morphology for both treated and untreated RCA. The optimum asphalt cement content for every substitution rate was determined using Marshall mix design method. Thereafter, asphalt concrete specimens were prepared using the optimum asphalt cement content, followed by the evaluation of their performance properties, including the moisture damage, resilient modulus, and permanent deformation characteristics. These properties were assessed using indirect tensile strength and uniaxial repeated loading tests, respectively. It was found that, for mixes with RCA content of 100%, the untreated RCA mixes possess higher OAC than that of treated RCA mixes by 0.26%. The moisture susceptibility was improved in case of HL and HCL treated RCA by 9.09% and 10.34% as compared to untreated RCA. However, the resilient modulus and resistance to permanent deformation for the mixes with 100% RCA were lower than those prepared with VA; the decrement in Mr values are 39.17%, 28.56% and 23.09% for the untreated RCA, HL-treated RCA and HCL-treated RCA, respectively. Finally, the cost, material, and energy-saving implications of RCA were discussed.
Frequent Acquirers and Management Compensation

We find significant positive contemporaneous, short-run, and long-run effects of an increase in the acquisition rate on management compensation. The long-run effect of an additional deal completed each year by an average acquirer increases management’s total, equity, and cash compensation by 21 percent, 7 percent, and 22 percent, respectively. Frequent acquirers, on average, pay their management 46 percent higher in total compensation, 55 percent higher in equity-based compensation, and 6 percent higher in cash-based (short-term) compensation, relative to non-frequent acquirers. Frequent acquirers pay higher equity-based compensation than cash-based compensation compared to non-frequent acquirers. Further, the impact of the acquisition rate on management compensation is higher for value-enhancing acquirers relative to value-destroying acquirers. We find a positive bi-directional influence between acquisition frequency and management compensation. Operationally more efficient acquirers are less likely to have a higher acquisition rate. Further, frequent acquisitions do not improve an acquirer’s operational efficiency, possibly due to constant post-acquisition integration challenges. We find a positive bi-directional causality between the total q (firm value) and the acquisition frequency, which may explain a positive association between overvalued stocks and acquisition frequency. A higher market value is likely to associate with higher acquisition frequency that is further likely to be associated with higher management compensation, Further, acquisition rate has a positive impact on the market share. Acquirers with a lower market share are more likely to become frequent acquirers. A causal order appears to exist from a lower market share to a higher acquisition frequency to a higher market value of the firm to higher management compensation. The increase in shareholder value associated with a higher acquisition frequency is not likely due to a gain in the operational efficiency, but morel likely due to an increase in the growth opportunities and market share of the acquirer. We find another causal order from a lower operational efficiency to a higher acquisition rate to a higher market share to higher management compensation. The causal orders may also explain why some studies may find a negative relation between management compensation and firm performance.
Risk of cardiovascular diseases and gastrointestinal tract disorders in relation to the impact of shift work among male workers of textile mills in Pali district of Rajasthan, India

he present study was conducted in textile mill of Pali city with the objective to study the risk of cardiac and gastric problems in relation to shift work among male workers. The results showed significant difference between Body Mass Index (I‡2=14.2, p=0.0008) and waist hip ratio (I‡2=5.2, p=0.0226) of shift and non shift workers. Results on food intake showed comparatively more deficient daily intake of nutrients like fiber (7.21 g), I² carotene (1842.89 I¼g), and folic acid (99.03 I¼g) in shift workers with respect to recommended dietary allowances and an overconsumption of fats (37.72 g). Alcoholism (I‡2=17.3, p=0.0001) and smoking habit (I‡2=14, p=0.0029) was found to be significantly higher among shift workers. Comparatively higher segment of shift workers suffered from hypertension (56.0%), disturbed appetite (87.50%), stomach upsets (90.0%), nausea (88.50%), heartburn (85.0%) and breathlessness (34.0%). Shift workers also had higher mean levels of lipid profile fractions and relatively more subjects fell into the category of high risk (20.50%) of CVD. Longer duration of involvement in shift work also influenced the occurrence of gastric and cardiac problems like disturbed appetite (I‡2=9.96, p=0.0411), stomach upsets (I‡2=9.73, p=0.0452), stomach ache (I‡2=10.1, p=0.0389), constipation (I‡2=9.88, p=0.0424), dizziness (47.37%), breathlessness (50.0%) and swollen feet (44.74%). The study concludes that shift work affects food intake, BMI, WHR, BP, alcohol intake, smoking habits and lipid profile of the subjects, thus increasing the risk of health problems like cardiovascular and gastric diseases.
Increasing Patient Participation: The Effects of Training Physical and Occupational Therapists to Involve Geriatric Patients in the Concerns‐Clarification and Goal‐Setting Processes

Background and Purpose. When asked, most physical and occupational therapists will say that they involve their patients in the goal setting and treatment planning processes. This study investigates the effectiveness of a training program for physical and occupational therapists—the Ozer Payton Nelson (OPN) Method of patient‐centered communication. Specifically, the study focuses on whether the training program improves the therapists' ability to seek patient participation in the concerns‐clarification and goal‐setting processes. Subjects. Twenty‐three physical and occupational therapist employees of a rehabilitation services provider completed training in the OPN Method. Methods. The OPN Method consisted of five 90‐minute experiential training sessions conducted by the researcher. The Adapted Participation Methods Assessment Instrument (APMAI), a 23‐criterion‐based assessment tool, which measures the ability of therapists to seek patient participation, was used for assessing the effectiveness of instruction. Results. Ten criteria items of the APMAI demonstrated statistically significant differences (P < .05) in frequencies from pretest to posttest scoring. Discussion. Therapists attributed their skill acquisition to several factors, including round‐table discussion, time between training sessions to allow for practice of the OPN Method, and the use of the program planning sheets. Attitudes, beliefs, and skill‐set deficiencies were identified that may cause therapists to avoid patient involvement. Conclusion. The study suggests that the Ozer Payton Nelson Method can have a positive effect on 10 of the 23 criteria items that therapists need in order to effectively involve patients at a higher level of participation. Empowering patients to take a more active role may lead to improved outcomes and satisfaction.
Protective effect of pumpkin seed extract against testicular toxicity induced by tramadol in adolescent and adult male albino rats: a light and electron microscopic study

Background Tramadol overdose is one of the most common causes of drug poisoning in Egypt, especially in young men with a history of substance abuse and mental disorders. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tramadol on the testis and the possible protective role of pumpkin seed extract (PSE) in adolescent and adult albino rats. Materials and methods Twenty-four healthy growing male Wistar rats aged 3 weeks (adolescent) and another 24 adult rats aged 6 weeks were included in this study. Each group was divided into four equal groups and treated for 3 weeks; these four subgroups were the control group, the PSE alone-treated group (at 40 mg/kg body weight), the tramadol-treated group (at 20 mg/kg body weight/day for the first week and at 40 and 80 mg/kg for the second and third weeks, respectively) and the combination group treated with PSE (at 40 mg/kg body weight) and tramadol (at 20 mg/kg body weight/day in the first week and 40 and 80 mg/kg in the second and third weeks, respectively). At the end of the experiment, testicular tissue samples were collected and processed for histological and ultrastructural examination. Results and conclusion The histopathological examination of the tramadol-treated groups (adults and adolescents) indicated severe structural changes in germ cells in the form of degenerated apoptic cells, exfoliation of germ cells in the lumen of seminiferous tubules, hemorrhage, vacuolization, disorganization, and marked loss of cells. But PSE succeeded in protecting the testicular tissue and diminished the atrophic changes. It could be concluded that PSE has a prophylactic effect against tramadol-induced testicular damage and this action was more pronounced in adults than in adolescents.
World Englishes: An Introduction

: After a brief overview of the main developments in the field of World Englishes (WEs) research, particularly with respect to different typologies and models of WEs, as well as advances in methodology, this introductory chapter provides short chapter summaries. The ﬁeld generally labeled World Englishes (WEs) is rich and diverse, as research into structural, typological, and sociological aspects of varieties of English around the world has come a long way over the last forty years. The ﬁeld has moved from the description of individual varieties, general modeling, and an overlap with traditional disciplines such as historical linguistics to highly dynamic topics requiring interdisciplinary approaches: transnationalism, language acquisition, identity formation, indexicality, and the role of new media and cyberspace. The complexity of the WEs paradigm (if indeed it is one single paradigm, a question that will be addressed repeatedly throughout the volume) derives from the fact that there are countless forms of English across the globe. These are difﬁcult to classify: from informal and localized types to formal and supra-regional varieties, from internationally recognized to newly emerging local standards, from language-shift varieties to contact-derived pidgins and creoles, from second-language to learner varieties, and so on. English is now so spoken it truly represents “the language on which the sun never sets. ” While this has given rise to processes of linguistic diversiﬁcation that are unparalleled on a global scale, there are also consequences for language hegemony, the overall balance of world languages and local (applied) issues that affect the daily lives of hundreds of millions of speakers: English is the language of a global economy, substantial parts of public discourse, and, for many of its speakers, it provides access to education, wealth, and so on.
Perceived Organizational Support Predicts Emotional Labor Among Nurses

Background: Nursing is among the various occupations that require management of emotions according to the job demands. Emotional labor and lack of reward are the main sources of mental health outcomes among the nurses. It is very important that more researches, which contemplate the emotional labor importance and unfavorable mental health effects, be carried out. Aim: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of perceived organizational Support on emotional labor among nurses. Method: The present study was a correlational study, consist of 200 nurses both Male nurses (N=100) and Females nurses (N=100), from different hospitals and clinics. Age ranged from 20 to 51 years (M= 30.50; S.D= 4.40). Data of the study was collected through convenient sampling technique. Participants were assessed by Shorten Version of Survey of Perceived Organizational Support (Eisenberger et al, 1986) in order to measure perceived organizational support and Dutch Questionnaire on Emotional Labor (D-QEL) (Näring, Briët, & Brouwers, 2007) in order to assess emotional labor. Results: The results revealed that perceived organizational support significantly predicts emotional labor. By improving the perception of organizational support among nurses, the experience of emotional labor can be reduced. Conclusion: The purpose of the present study was to develop a health-care model of emotional labor which could help the organizations to understand the role of perceived organizational support on the reactions to the strain of the emotional labor. The present study revealed that perceived organizational support is a significant predictor of emotional labor. Informal types of organizational support (e.g., a perception that the organization is concerned with one's personal life) are important for expatriate success, and should be incorporated into expatriate programs.
A study on bacteriological profile, drug sensitivity and resistance pattern of isolated organism in neonatal septicaemia in neonatal intensive care unit

In comprised if birth in rural india clinical sepsis rates are ranging from 49 to 170/1000 Live Bistes. 2,3 36% death in newborn period is due to neonatal septicaemia and is the one of the major cause of neonatal mortality. There is a difference in the causative organises ABSTRACT Background: Neonatal Sepsis is one of the major cause of mortality and morbidity in Neonates. Bacterial pathogens and drug resistance varies from different hospitals areas, regions and countries. Advances in early diagnosis and treatment have led to better prognosis of newborns in NICU. This study will provide the bacterial pathogen causing neonatal sepsis along with their antibiogram. The pattern of susceptibility to antibiotics in NICU at GMERS Medical College centre, was very helpful to start the empirical therapy. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in GMERS Medical College, Gandhinagar from February 2015 to January 2016. Period in 228 neonates. Out of which 131 cases were positive for blood culture. The positive blood culture was detected by Bactec blood culture system. Results: In present study 131 out of 228 cases were culture positive (57.48%). In gram negative organism Klebsiella pneumoniae was the commonest followed by E. coli (3.05%) and Pseudomonas (2.3%) CONS was the most common isolates in from the group. Klebsiella pneumoniae was sensitive to levofloxacin (9816), imipenem (88.15%) and piperacillin+tazobactam (88.15%). This organism was having less sensitivity to routine 1 st line antibiotics like ampicillin (9.2%), gentamycin (27.4%), amikeine (35.5%) amoxy+clavulinic (21%) acid, cefotaxime (25%), gram positive CONS having sensitivity to vanceomycin (8.8%), amkacine, ampicillin, levofloxacin, cefotaxime were having limited effect on CONS organism. Conclusions: There is an increasing trend of antibiotic resistance to the commonly used first line drugs. The pattern of sensitivity is changing hence continuous survelliance for antibiotic susceptibility is needed to ensure correct empirical therapy before blood culture reports are available.
The Effects of Small Dogs on Vital Signs in Elderly Women: A Pilot Study

Purpose: The emotional benefits of animals to humans are something that nearly every pet owner will attest to. But do the benefits extend beyond the emotional level to the extent that they affect physiological measures such as blood pressure or heart rate? The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of nonbonded (unknown to subject) dogs on vital signs [blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and oxygen saturation (SpO2)] in elderly women. This study was a pre‐post test design. Methods: Fifteen females (83 + 3.5 years) who reportedly enjoyed dogs volunteered to participate in the study. The women were randomly broken into 3 groups of 5. Each participant had a resting BP, HR, and SpO2 recorded. Two dogs were then brought into the testing room where the subjects held and passed around the dogs. After 10 minutes, a second reading was taken. The dogs were then removed from the room and the subjects sat quietly for another 5 minutes. After this time, their BP, HR, and SpO2 were taken for a final time. Results: The blood pressure of 13 out of 14 subjects decreased after interacting with the dogs (1 subject's blood pressure was not able to be recorded). A statistically significant decrease in systolic blood pressure was observed, while a trend toward significance was found for diastolic blood pressure. Heart rate also showed a trend toward significant decrease following the interaction. No significant change in oxygen saturation was noted. Conclusion: This study suggests that dogs may have a beneficial effect on the BP and HR in elderly women.
Coronary Artery Anomalies: Benign Entities or Pathologic Findings?

Many cases of sudden, natural death have obvious gross or histologic pathology to which the death can be attributed fairly easily. Sometimes, though, one encounters a death in which an abnormal finding is identified, but there is some hesitancy in attributing the death to it as one may be unfamiliar with the significance of the finding or has encountered it many times before in cases where death was clearly due to something else. Coronary artery anomalies firmly fit into this category for many pathologists. Anomalous origin of the coronary arteries is an uncommon anomaly occurring in a fraction of a percent of individuals, so one may only encounter one or two deaths with this lesion in his/her career. Without past experiences to rely upon, one may be unsure about the severity of the lesion and inadvertently dismiss a significant anomaly or attribute death to a benign variant. Myocardial bridging is on the other end of the spectrum. This entity is seen so commonly that many consider it to be a normal variant and entirely benign and incidental. While this may be true in the majority of individuals, myocardial bridging may cause cardiac dysfunction in a small subset of people. This manuscript will review the anatomy and potential pathophysiology of these anomalies with the goal of aiding the pathologist in certifying deaths in which they are encountered.