Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rescaling limits of complex rational maps

We discuss rescaling limits for sequences of complex rational maps in one variable which approach infinity in parameter space.It is shown that any given sequence of maps of degree $d \ge 2$ has at most $2d-2$ dynamically distinct rescaling limits which are not postcritically finite. For quadratic rational maps, a complete description of the possible rescaling limits is given. These results are obtained employing tools from non-Archimedean dynamics.
Strong-coupling theory of heavy-fermion criticality

We present a theory of the scaling behavior of the thermodynamic, transport, and dynamical properties of a three-dimensional metal at an antiferromagnetic (AFM) critical point. We show how the critical spin fluctuations at the AFM wave vector $q=Q$ induce energy fluctuations at small $q$, giving rise to a diverging quasiparticle effective mass over the whole Fermi surface. The coupling of the fermionic and bosonic degrees of freedom leads to a self-consistent relation for the effective mass, which has a strong coupling solution in addition to the well-known weak-coupling spin-density-wave solution. We use the recently introduced concept of critical quasiparticles, employing a scale-dependent effective mass ratio ${m}^{*}/m$ and quasiparticle weight factor $Z$. We adopt a scale-dependent vertex correction that boosts the coupling of fermions and spin fluctuations. The ensuing spin fluctuation spectrum obeys $\ensuremath{\omega}/T$ scaling. Our results are in good agreement with experimental data on the heavy-fermion compounds ${\mathrm{YbRh}}_{2}{\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{CeCu}}_{6\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Au}}_{x}$ for 3D and 2D spin fluctuations, respectively.
Massive stars reveal variations of the stellar initial mass function in the Milky Way stellar clusters

We investigate whether the stellar initial mass function (IMF) is universal, or whether it varies significantly among young stellar clusters in the Milky Way. We propose a method to uncover the range of variation of the parameters that describe the shape of the IMF for the population of young Galactic clusters. These parameters are the slopes in the low and high stellar mass regimes, $\gamma$ and $\Gamma$, respectively, and the characteristic mass, $M_{ch}$. The method relies exclusively on the high mass content of the clusters, but is able to yield information on the distributions of parameters that describe the IMF over the entire stellar mass range. This is achieved by comparing the fractions of single and lonely massive O stars in a recent catalog of the Milky Way clusters with a library of simulated clusters built with various distribution functions of the IMF parameters. The synthetic clusters are corrected for the effects of the binary population, stellar evolution, sample incompleteness, and ejected O stars. Our findings indicate that broad distributions of the IMF parameters are required in order to reproduce the fractions of single and lonely O stars in Galactic clusters. They also do not lend support to the existence of a cluster mass-maximum stellar mass relation. We propose a probabilistic formulation of the IMF whereby the parameters of the IMF are described by Gaussian distribution functions centered around $\gamma=0.91$, $\Gamma=1.37$, and $M_{ch}=0.41$ M$_{\odot}$, and with dispersions of $\sigma_{\gamma}=0.25$, $\sigma_{\Gamma}=0.60$, and $\sigma_{M_{ch}}=0.27$ M$_{\odot}$ around these values.
Evaluation of the effects of calabash chalk on the haematological profile of Wistar rats

Calabash chalk is a naturally geophagic mineral composed mainly of fossilized seashells or an artificial preparation of a combination of clay, mud, and sand. It is one of the widely consumed earth materials in the practice of geophagia. The present study is aimed at evaluating the effects of oral administration of calabash chalk on haematological parameters and body weight using Wistar rat models. Ten (10) healthy female mice and twenty (20) adults female Wistar rats weighing 20-30 g and 160 -200 g were used for the determination of the LD50 and the experimental study respectively. Locally sourced calabash chalk was orally administered to the Wistar rats at 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg respectively for twenty-eight (28) days. Haematological parameters were determined using a standard automated procedure. The result of the study shows that there was a significant decrease in red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, total white blood cell count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, mid-range absolute and platelet counts among the experimental groups compared to the control (p<0.05). Also, there was a significant reduction in the percentage of weight changes among the experimental animals compared to the control (p<0.05). The present study has shown that despite the wide safety margin of calabash chalk, it can depress haematopoiesis by reducing the red blood cell, white blood cell and platelet counts.
Numerical simulation of the internal plasma dynamics of post-flare loops

We integrate the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) ideal equations of a slender flux tube to simulate the internal plasma dynamics of coronal post-flare loops. We study the onset and evolution of the internal plasma instability to compare with observations and to gain insight into physical processes and characteristic parameters associated with flaring events. The numerical approach uses a finite-volume Harten-Yee total variation diminishing scheme to integrate the one-dimensional 1 /2 MHD equations specially designed to capture supersonic flow discontinuities. We could reproduce the observational sliding down and upwardly propagating of brightening features along magnetic threads of an event occurred on 2001 October 1. We show that high-speed downflow perturbations, usually interpreted as slow magnetoacoustic waves, could be better interpreted as slow magnetoacoustic shock waves. This result was obtained considering adiabaticity in the energy balance equation. However, a time-dependent forcing from the basis is needed to reproduce the reiteration of the event which resembles observational patterns - commonly known as quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs)- which are related with large-scale characteristic longitudes of coherence. This result reinforces the interpretation that the QPPs are a response to the pulsational flaring activity.
Design of Augmented Reality-Based Thematic Textbooks to Improve the Literacy of Elementary Students

During the pandemic, breakthroughs in learning were required, one of which was the conversion of printed versions of traditional teaching materials into digital teaching materials. While there were many digital textbooks or e-books available on the internet, there was no SD thematic material packaged digitally based on augmented reality and capable of displaying an engaging, augmented reality for students. This augmented reality-based thematic textbook could help elementary students understand basic thematic material, and its products could be installed on all students’ computers and smartphones, making learning more enjoyable. The research method of this study was based on the ADDIE R&D model (analysis, design, develop, implement, and evaluate). Elementary thematic textbooks from various publishers were analyzed, which revealed that no national publisher has produced augmented reality-based elementary thematic textbooks for grade 1. Following that, four chapters of augmented reality-based elementary thematic textbooks were designed, which were validated by learning material and learning media experts with scores of 90 and 92, respectively, indicating that this product is suitable for limited testing in elementary schools in Semarang and its environs. This augmented reality-based elementary thematic textbook is effective because it displays augmented reality, pictures and fun music. Keywords: design, elementary thematic textbooks, augmented reality, ability, student literacy
Galaxy properties in different environments up to z∼ 3 in the GOODS NICMOS Survey

We present a study of the relationship between galaxy colour, stellar mass, and local galaxy density in a deep near-infrared imaging survey up to a redshift of z ∼ 3 using the GOODS NICMOS Survey (GNS). The GNS is a very deep, near-infrared Hubble Space Telescope survey imaging a total of 45 arcmin2 in the GOODS fields, reaching a stellar mass completeness limit of M ∗ = 109. 5 M ⊙ at z = 3. Using this data we measure galaxy local densities based on galaxy counts within a fixed aperture, as well as the distance to the third, fifth and seventh nearest neighbour. We find a strong correlation between colour and stellar mass at all redshifts up to z ∼ 3. We do not find a strong correlation between colour and local density, however, the highest overdensities might be populated by a higher fraction of blue galaxies than average or underdense areas, indicating a possible reversal of the colour-density relation at high redshift. Our data suggests that the possible higher blue fraction at extreme overdensities might be due to a lack of massive red galaxies at the highest local densities.
Illuminating dark matter at the ILC

The WIMP (weakly interacting massive particle) paradigm for dark matter is currently being probed via many different experiments. Direct detection, indirect detection and collider searches are all hoping to catch a glimpse of these elusive particles. Here, we examine the potential of the ILC (International Linear Collider) to shed light on the origin of dark matter. By using an effective field theory approach we are also able to compare the reach of the ILC with that of the other searches. We find that for low mass dark matter (< 10 GeV), the ILC offers a unique opportunity to search for WIMPS beyond any other experiment. In addition, if dark matter happens to only couple to leptons or via a spin dependent interaction, the ILC can give an unrivalled window to these models. We improve on previous ILC studies by constructing a comprehensive list of effective theories that allows us to move beyond the non-relativistic approximation.
Superconducting phase diagram and FFLO signature in λ-(BETS) 2 GaCl 4 from rf penetration depth measurements

We report the phase diagram of $\lambda$-(BETS)$_2$GaCl$_4$ from rf penetration depth measurements with a tunnel diode oscillator in a pulsed magnetic field. We examined four samples with 1100 field sweeps in a range of angles with the magnetic field parallel and perpendicular to the conducting planes. In the parallel direction, $H_{c2}$ appears to include a tricritical point at 1.6 K and 10 T with a phase line that increases to 11 T as the temperature is decreased to} 500 mK. The second phase line forms a clearly defined high field low temperature region satisfying several of the conditions of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state. We show remarkably good fits of $H_{c2}$ to WHH in the reentrant $\alpha>1$, $\lambda_{so}=0$ regime. We also note a sharp angle dependence of the phase diagram about the field parallel orientation that characterizes Pauli paramagnetic limiting and further supports the possibility of FFLO behavior. Unrelated to the FFLO study, at fields and temperatures below $H_{c2}$ and $T_c$, we find rich structure in the penetration depth data that we attribute to impurities at the surface altering the superconducting properties while maintaining the same crystallographic axes as $H_{c2}$.
High-precision analysis of the solar twin HIP 100963

Context. HIP 100963 was one of the first solar twins identified. Although some high-precision analyses are available, a comprehensive high-precision study of chemical elements from different nucleosynthetic sources is still lacking from which to obtain potential new insights on planets, stellar evolution, and Galactic chemical evolution (GCE). Aims. We analyze and investigate the origin of the abundance pattern of HIP 100963 in detail, in particular the pattern of the light element Li, the volatile and refractory elements, and heavy elements from the s - and r -processes. Methods. We used the HIRES spectrograph on the Keck I telescope to acquire high-resolution ( R ≈ 70 000) spectra with a high signal-to-noise ratio ( S / N ≈ 400–650 per pixel) of HIP 100963 and the Sun for a differential abundance analysis. We measured the equivalent widths (EWs) of iron lines to determine the stellar parameters by employing the differential spectroscopic equilibrium. We determined the composition of volatile, refractory, and neutron-capture elements through a differential abundance analysis with respect to the Sun. Results. The stellar parameters we found are T eff = 5818 ± 4 K, log g = 4.49 ± 0.01 dex, v t = 1.03 ± 0.01km s -1 , and [Fe/H] = −0.003 ± 0.004 dex. These low errors allow us to compute a precise mass (1.03 +0.02 -0.01 M ⊙ ) and age (2.0 ± 0.4 Gyr), obtained using Yonsei-Yale isochrones. Using our [Y/Mg] ratio, we have determined an age of 2.1 ± 0.4 Gyr, in agreement with the age computed using isochrones. Our isochronal age also agrees with the age determined from stellar activity (2.4 ± 0.3 Gyr). We study the abundance pattern with condensation temperature ( T cond ) taking corrections by the GCE into account. We show that the enhancements of neutron-capture elements are explained by contributions from both the s - and r -process. The lithium abundance follows the tight Li-age correlation seen in other solar twins. Conclusions. We confirm that HIP 100963 is a solar twin and demonstrate that its abundance pattern is about solar after corrections for GCE. The star also shows enrichment in s - and r -process elements, as well as depletion in lithium that is caused by stellar evolution.
First observation of β-delayed three-proton emission in Fe45

The decay of extremely neutron deficient $^{45}\mathrm{Fe}$ has been studied by means of a new type of a gaseous detector in which a technique of digital imaging was used to record tracks of charged particles. The ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{+}$ decay channels accompanied by proton emission were clearly identified. In addition to \ensuremath{\beta}-delayed one-proton and \ensuremath{\beta}-delayed two-proton decays, \ensuremath{\beta}-delayed three-proton emission was recorded which represents the first direct and unambiguous observation of this decay channel. The branching ratio for the \ensuremath{\beta} decay of $^{45}\mathrm{Fe}$ and the corresponding partial half-life are found to be $0.30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04$ and ${T}_{1/2}(\ensuremath{\beta})=8.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.3$ ms, respectively.
The general topology of dynamical systems

Topology, the foundation of modern analysis, arose historically as a way to organize ideas like compactness and connectedness which had emerged from analysis. Similarly, recent work in dynamical systems theory has both highlighted certain topics in the pre-existing subject of topological dynamics (such as the construction of Lyapunov functions and various notions of stability) and also generated new concepts and results (such as attractors, chain recurrence, and basic sets). This book collects these results, both old and new, and organizes them into a natural foundation for all aspects of dynamical systems theory. No existing book is comparable in content or scope. Requiring background in point-set topology and some degree of ""mathematical sophistication"", Akin's book serves as an excellent textbook for a graduate course in dynamical systems theory. In addition, Akin's reorganization of previously scattered results makes this book of interest to mathematicians and other researchers who use dynamical systems in their work.
State transfer in static and dynamic spin chains with disorder

We examine the speed and fidelity of several protocols for state or single excitation transfer in finite spin chains subject to diagonal and off-diagonal disorder. We find that, for a given chain length and maximal achievable interspin exchange (XY) coupling strength, the optimal static spin-coupling protocol, implementing the fastest state transfer between the two ends of the chain, is more susceptible to off-diagonal (XY coupling) disorder, as compared to a much slower but robust adiabatic transfer protocol with time-dependent coupling strengths.
THE LOCAL RADIO–IR RELATION IN M51

We observed M51 at three frequencies, 1.4 GHz (20 cm), 4.9 GHz (6 cm), and 8.4 GHz (3.6 cm), with the Very Large Array and the Effelsberg 100 m telescope to obtain the highest quality radio continuum images of a nearby spiral galaxy. These radio data were combined with deconvolved Spitzer IRAC 8 μm and MIPS 24 μm images to search for and investigate local changes in the radio–IR correlation. Utilizing wavelet decomposition, we compare the distribution of the radio and IR emission on spatial scales between 200 pc and 30 kpc. We show that the radio–IR correlation is not uniform across the galactic disk. It presents a complex behavior with local extrema corresponding to various galactic structures, such as complexes of H ii regions, spiral arms, and interarm filaments, indicating that the contribution of the thermal and non-thermal radio emission is a strong function of environment. In particular, the relation of the 24 μm and 20 cm emission presents a linear relation within the spiral arms and globally over the galaxy, while it deviates from linearity in the interarm and outer regions as well in the inner region, with two different behaviors: it is sublinear in the interarm and outer region and overlinear in the central 3.5 kpc. Our analysis suggests that the changes in the radio/IR correlation reflect variations of interstellar medium properties between spiral arms and interarm region. The good correlation in the spiral arms implies that 24 μm and 20 cm are tracing recent star formation, while a change in the dust opacity, “Cirrus” contribution to the IR emission and/or the relation between the magnetic field strength and the gas density can explain the different relations found in the interarm, outer, and inner regions.
HETEROGENEOUS DEPENDENCE OF OIL-FOOD PRICE DYNAMICS IN AFRICA'S NET OIL-EXPORTING COUNTRIES

The determinants of food prices have attracted sizeable debates among scholars over the last three decades. However, many of these studies ignore the possibility that the impact of oil prices on food prices could vary across the food price distribution. The paper employs a quantile regression technique to ascertain whether food prices respond to the potential heterogeneous impact of crude oil price changes in the six selected African net oil-exporting countries. The coefficient of negative oil price shocks in the panel OLS model is insignificant and positive at the 5% significance level. In contrast, the coefficient of positive oil price shocks significantly affects food prices for the chosen African countries. The quantile regression analysis's empirical findings highlight the diverse dependence effects of various ranges on food prices. All coefficients are non-significant across all quantiles for negative oil price shocks, a conclusion consistent with panel least squares estimate results. Besides, the findings prove that positive changes in oil prices significantly affect the magnitude of food prices in selected African countries. The article concludes that the influence of crude oil price variations on food prices is diverse and positive across quantiles for a subset of Africa's net oil-exporting countries. The findings of this study could have a crucial policy and economic implications for economic agents and stakeholders in diverse fiscal environments. As a result, economic agents must make timely decisions to respond to the effects of oil price uncertainty on Africa's food market.
OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCES FOR THE EXISTENCE OF 17.4 keV DECAYING DEGENERATE STERILE NEUTRINOS NEAR THE GALACTIC CENTER

We show that the existence of a degenerate halo of sterile neutrinos with rest mass of 17.4 keV near the Galactic center (GC) can account for both the excess 8.7 keV emission observed by the Suzaku mission and the power needed (1040 erg s−1) to maintain the high temperature of the hot gas (8 keV) near the GC. The required decay rate and mixing angle of the sterile neutrinos are Γ ⩾ 10−19 s−1 and sin22θ ∼ 10−3, respectively. These values are consistent with a low reheating temperature, which suppresses the production of sterile neutrinos, resulting in a small sterile neutrino density parameter (Ωs < 10−8). They are also allowed by X-ray background data and the isotope experiment. The large mixing angle leads to the exciting possibility that a sterile–active neutrino oscillation may be visible in near future experiments.
Uncertainty Estimation Using Variational Mixture of Gaussians Capsule Network for Health Image Classification

Capsule Networks have shown great promise in image recognition due to their ability to recognize the pose, texture, and deformation of objects and object parts. However, the majority of the existing capsule networks are deterministic with limited ability to express uncertainty. Many of them tend to be overconfident on out-of-distribution data, making them less trustworthy and hence reducing their suitability for practical adoption in safety-critical areas such as health and self-driving cars. In this work, we propose a capsule network based on a variational mixture of Gaussians to train distributions of network weights as opposed to a single set of weights and enable the model to express its predictive uncertainty on out-of-distribution data. Training distributions of weights have the added advantage of avoiding overfitting on smaller datasets which are common in health and other fields. Although Bayesian neural networks are known to exhibit slow training and convergence, experimental results show that the proposed model can retrieve only relevant features, converge faster, is less computationally complex, can effectively express its predictive uncertainties, and achieve performance values that are comparable to the state-of-the-art models. This is an indication that CapsNets can exhibit the transparency, credibility, reliability, and interpretability required for practical adoption.
Soft edge of hadron scattering and minijet models for the total and inelastic pp cross sections at LHC and beyond

We show that the onset and rise of QCD minijets provide the dynamical mechanism behind the appearance of a soft edge in $pp$ collisions around CERN intersecting storage rings (ISR) energies, and thus such a soft edge is built in our minijet model with soft gluon resummation. Here the model is optimized for the LHC at $\sqrt{s}=7$, 8 TeV and predictions made for higher LHC and cosmic ray energies. Further, we provide a phenomenological picture to discuss the breakup of the total cross section into its elastic, uncorrelated, and correlated inelastic pieces in the framework of a one-channel eikonal function.
The debt-equity choice in crowdfunding: a two-method approach

ABSTRACT Securities-based crowdfunding has evolved into an important source of financing for small and medium-sized enterprises (SME), but little is known about how crowdfunding campaigns fit into the capital structure decisions of SMEs. Combining insights from SME capital structure and crowdfunding literatures results in high ambiguity, as crowdfunding seems to change SME financing dynamics, but in an uncertain direction. We construct variables based on previous work on SME capital structure literature to empirically test which characteristics help explain the choice to seek either equity or debt funding among firms using crowdfunding. We use 713 equity and 403 debt campaign announcements registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission under Regulation Crowdfunding. Our empirical procedure includes both the traditionally used logistic regression method as well as a random forest classifier. We find that less-established firms with smaller funding needs are more likely to issue equity, whereas firms with strong growth momentum and larger funding needs prefer debt.