Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formidable male facial structures influence postconflict reconciliation judgments.

Individuals utilize male facial structures to make inferences regarding men ’ s formidability, with a high facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) being associated with greater perceived male formidability. Although such men would additionally be perceived as interpersonally threatening and prompt general aversion, ingratiation following con ﬂ ict could prove advantageous to prevent future con ﬂ ict. Defeated men typically ingratiate themselves heavily with other men following physical con ﬂ ict through postcon ﬂ ict reconciliation, which could serve to strengthen coalitional bonds. We conducted two studies to identify how men expect postcon ﬂ ict reconciliation to occur based on the presence of facial structures connoting formidability. Men indicated their expectations of displaying and receiving respect toward high- and low-fWHR men following hypothetical wins and losses in physical ﬁ ghts with them; Study 1 ( N = 238) only considered White opponents, and Study 2 ( N = 303) compared Black and White opponents. Participants expected to display similar levels of respect toward high- and low-fWHR opponents but expected to receive less respect from high-fWHR targets (Studies 1 and 2), particularly if they were Black (Study 2). The ﬁ ndings provide initial evidence for how facial structures connoting formidability shape post-con ﬂ ict reconciliation judgments. Public Significance Statement Humans utilize others ’ facial features to infer their formidability, particularly men ’ s, which could lead individuals to form relationships with men they deem threatening following con ﬂ ict. In two studies, we asked men to indicate their perceptions of how reconciliation would likely occur following a ﬁ ght with men whose facial structures are associated with greater (or less) formidability. Participants expected formidable men to be less ingratiating after a ﬁ ght compared with those who appeared less formidable.
Analysis of challenges for blockchain adoption within the Indian public sector: an interpretive structural modelling approach

PurposeBlockchain is one of the most significant emerging technologies that is set to transform many aspects of industry and society. However, it has several major technical, social, legal, environmental and ethical complexities that offer significant challenges for mainstream use within the public sector. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has compelled many public sector employees to work remotely, highlighting a number of challenges to blockchain adoption within the Indian context signifying the pertinence of this research topic in the post-pandemic era. This study offers insight to researchers and policymakers alike on how such challenges are interdependent within this important subject.Design/methodology/approachWe explored 16 unique sets of challenges selected from the literature and gathered data from nine experts from government settings, healthcare and education sectors and academia who have significant knowledge and experience of blockchain implementation and use in their respective organisations. The implementation of Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) and Matriced' Impacts Croise's Multiplication Appliquée a UN Classement (MICMAC) provided a precise set of driving, linkage and dependent challenges that were used to formulate the framework.FindingsThe developed ISM framework is split into six different levels. The results suggest that the bottom level consists of challenges such as “Lack of standards (C9)” and “Lack of validation (C10)” form the foundation of the hierarchical structure of blockchain adoption. However, the topmost level consists of a highly dependent challenge termed “adoption of blockchain in the public sector (C16)”. The research filters the selected set of five challenges to develop a parsimonious model and formulated six propositions to examine the impact of “lack of standard (C9)”, “lack of validation (C10)” on “security issues (C3)” and “privacy concerns (C2)”, which eventually determine individuals' “reluctance to use blockchain technology (C12)”. Originality/valueThis research fills a key gap in exiting research by exploring the key challenges in blockchain adoption within the public sector by developing a valuable framework to model this important topic. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to address these challenges and develop a parsimonious model for challenges of blockchain adoption in the public sector settings.
PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION BEHAVIOR IN SD CHILDREN THROUGH 7 POE ATIKAN CHARACTER EDUCATION: QUALITATIVE STUDY

This research was conducted in general with the aim of analyzing the 7 poe atikan of character education in elementary schools (SD) in an effort to prevent corrupt behavior in elementary school children. The specific purpose of this study was to find out all students who know about corruption in elementary school age children and to know the impact of character education on corrupt behavior among elementary school students. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method with instruments used in the form of questionnaires and interviews. The subjects in this study were 30 students of grade V SDN 8 Ciseureuh Kahuripan Pajajaran. The results of this study indicate that grade V students have seen several activities in daily life including positive and negative attitudes related to corrupt behavior and character education which have a positive impact on students 'understanding related to students' understanding of corrupt behavior and methods. avoid the behavior. The conclusion from this research is that 7 points of character education can have a positive impact in preventing corrupt behavior among elementary school students.
A Noise-Suppression ZNN Model With New Variable Parameter for Dynamic Sylvester Equation

In this article, a noise-suppression variable-parameter zeroing neural network (NSVPZNN) is proposed to handle the dynamic Sylvester equation. Differing from the previous zeroing neural networks (ZNNs), a new nonlinear activation function and an especially constructed time-variant parameter are developed to construct the novel NSVPZNN model. Therefore, the NSVPZNN model can achieve faster predefined-time convergence without noise disturbance and have stronger robust performance under multiple noises. Furthermore, the convergence upper bound of the NSVPZNN model is theoretically calculated, and a detailed proof of guaranteeing noise-tolerance performance is given. Numerical simulations verify that the NSVPZNN has better performance than the ZNN, the finite-time convergence ZNN model, the predefined-time convergence ZNN model, and the other variable-parameter ZNN when handling the dynamic Sylvester equation. Finally, the design method of the NSVPZNN is applied to the wheeled manipulator for tracking the butterfly trajectory, which further illustrates the model's reliability.
The role of insect pollinators in avocado production: A global review

Insect pollination increases the yield and quality of many crops and therefore, understanding the role of insect pollinators in crop production is necessary to sustainably increase yields. Avocado Persea americana benefits from insect pollination, however, a better understanding of the role of pollinators and their contribution to the production of this globally important crop is needed. In this study, we carried out a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis of studies investigating the pollination ecology of avocado to answer the following questions: (a) Are there any research gaps in terms of geographic location or scientific focus? (b) What is the effect of insect pollinators on avocado pollination and production? (c) Which pollinators are the most abundant and effective and how does this vary across location? (d) How can insect pollination be improved for higher yields? (e) What are the current evidence gaps and what should be the focus of future research? Research from many regions of the globe has been published, however, results showed that there is limited information from key avocado producing countries such as Mexico and the Dominican Republic. In most studies, insects were shown to contribute greatly to pollination, fruit set and yield. Honeybees Apis mellifera were important pollinators in many regions due to their efficiency and high abundance, however, many wild pollinators also visited avocado flowers and were the most frequent visitors in over 50% of studies. This study also highlighted the effectiveness of stingless bees (Meliponini) and blow flies (Calliphoridae) as avocado pollinators although, for the majority of flower visitors, there is a lack of data on pollinator efficiency. For optimal yields, growers should ensure a sufficient abundance of pollinators in their orchards either through increasing honeybee hive density or, for a more sustainable approach, by managing wild pollinators through practices that protect or promote natural habitat.
Rational design of bimetallic photocatalysts based on plasmonically-derived hot carriers

Hot carriers generated by plasmonic excitations have recently opened up new avenues in photocatalysis. The transfer of these energetic carriers to adjacent molecules can promote chemical transformations that are important for hydrogen generation by water splitting, CO2 reduction and degradation of organic pollutants. Here, we have developed and optimised a plasmonic hot-carrier catalytic system based on silica nanoparticles decorated with plasmonic gold nanoparticles as a source of hot carriers, equipped with platinum nanoclusters as co-catalyst for the enhancement of hot-carrier extraction. The latter plays a triple role by providing: a surface favourable for molecular adsorption; hot-electron generation near the nanoclusters due to field enhancement effects and electron momentum relaxation facilitating the electron transfer across the metal surface, exactly where molecules are adsorbed. The combination of plasmonic and catalytic metals in nano-heterostructured devices provides a new platform for photocatalytic processes and is of significant interest for future solar-based clean technologies.
2.0 μm Ultra Broadband Emission from Tm3+/Ho3+ Co-Doped Gallium Tellurite Glasses for Broadband Light Sources and Tunable Fiber Lasers

A flat 2.0 μm ultra broadband emission with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 329 nm is achieved in 1 mol. % Tm2O3 and 0.05 mol. % Ho2O3 co-doped gallium tellurite glasses upon the excitation of an 808 nm laser diode. The influence of Tm3+ and Ho3+ contents on 2.0 μm spectroscopic properties of gallium tellurite glasses is minutely investigated by absorption spectra, emission spectra, and lifetime measurement. In addition, emission cross section and gain coefficient of Ho3+ ions at 2.0 μm are calculated, and the maximum values reach 8.2 × 10−21 cm2 and 1.54 cm−1, respectively. Moreover, forward and backward energy transfer probability between Tm3+ and Ho3+ ions are qualitatively evaluated by the extended spectral overlap method. Large ratio of the forward energy transfer from Tm3+ to Ho3+ to the backward one (19.7) and high forward energy transfer coefficient (6.22 × 1039 cm6/s) are responsible for effective 2.0 μm emission from Ho3+ ions. These results manifest that Tm3+/Ho3+ co-doped gallium tellurite glass is suitable for potential applications of broadband light sources and tunable fiber lasers operating in eye-safe 2.0 µm spectral region.
Production of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) increases with increased plant densities and nitrogen fertilizer levels

Abstract The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different intra-row spacings and nitrogen levels on forage, dry matter, seed yield and some other yield components of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Five intra-row spacings (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 cm) and five N fertilization rates (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha−1) were tested under irrigated conditions in Bursa, Turkey in 2002 and 2003 growing seasons. Yields decreased with increasing intra-row spacing, and increased up to 100 kg N ha−1. Five- or 10 cm intra-row spacings and 100 kg N ha−1 fertilization gave more than 80 tonnes (t) ha−1 forage or 30 t ha−1 dry matter yield based on pooled data of both years. The two-year average seed yield ranged from 3.15 to 4.53 t ha−1, with the highest yield being obtained from the combination of 10–20 cm intra-row spacing and 150 kg N ha−1. Five- or 10-cm intra-row spacings, and 100 or 150 kg ha−1 N fertilization regimes are suggested to maximize forage, dry matter and seed yield in sweet sorghum under similar soil and climatic conditions.
Evaluation of the relationship between KIM-1 and suPAR level in COVID-19 patients and a different perspective on suPAR

Objective: COVID-19 is one of the most important health problems concerning the last century and our knowledge of the disease is still limited. In our study, we aimed to compare serum-soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) level with clinical course in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Our study included 102 patients over the age of 18 who were diagnosed with Covid-19 between September 2020 and December 2020 by taking nasopharyngeal swap and using real time PCR method and 30 volunteer medical personnel over the age of 18 who were PCR negative after the nasopharyngeal swap. KİM-1 and suPAR were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: NLR, LDH, prothrombin time, CRP, PaO2/FiO2, D-Dimer, ferritin and fibrinogen levels, which have been mentioned in previous studies to be of prognostic importance for COVID-19, were observed to be higher in the severely ill group (p=0,001, 0,001, 0,05, 0,001, 0,001, 0,005, 0,001, 0,001 respectively). suPAR and KIM-1 levels were statistically significantly higher in patient groups compared to the control group (p=0.001 for all). While suPAR level was statistically significantly lower in severe patients compared to moderate patients (p=0.034), KIM-1 level was observed to be higher in severe patients (p=0.001). Conclusion: The increased level of KIM-1 in severe patients, which is thought to play an important role in the endocytosis of SARS-CoV-2 to the cell, may have an important place for the therapeutic target in the future. SuPAR can be considered to play an important role especially in the defense mechanism and fibrinolysis and its decreased level in severe patients may be associated with poor prognosis in the early period. However, extensive studies are needed to reach a definitive opinion about suPAR.
Towards a Mechanistic Understanding of Precipitation Over the Far Eastern Tropical Pacific and Western Colombia, One of the Rainiest Spots on Earth

According to Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite precipitation composites, a broad maritime area over the far eastern tropical Pacific and western Colombia houses one of the rainiest spots on Earth. This study aims to present a suite of mechanistic drivers that help create such a world‐record‐breaking rainy spot. Previous research has shown that this oceanic and nearly continental precipitation maximum has a strong early morning precipitation peak and a high density of mesoscale convective systems. We examined new and unique observational evidence highlighting the role of both dynamical and thermodynamical drivers in the activation and duration of organized convection. Results showed the existence of a rather large combination of mechanisms, including: (1) dynamics of the Choco (ChocoJet) and Caribbean Low‐Level Jets along their confluence zone, including the Panama semi‐permanent low; (2) ChocoJet deceleration offshore is favored by land breeze, enhancing the nighttime and early morning low‐level convergence; (3) a wind sheared environment that conforms to the long‐lived squall line theory; (4) action of mid‐level gravity waves, which further support the strong diurnal variability; and (5) mesoscale convective vortices related to subsidence in the stratiform region and top‐heavy mass flux profiles. This study emphasizes the multiscale circulation and thermodynamics mechanisms associated with the formation of one of the rainiest spots on Earth and showcases new observations gathered during the Organization of Tropical East Pacific Convection field campaign (OTREC; August–September, 2019) that support the outlined mechanisms.
Effigy mounds and rock art of midcontinental North America: Shared iconography, shared stories

The effigy mounds of the Upper Midwest and the Ohio Valley long have been regarded as distinct and independent cultural developments. A review of effigy mound iconography in both regions reveals similarities suggesting that they are elements of a shared cultural tradition. Comparisons with rock art imagery from the Upper Midwest and Missouri, the inferred centers of this artistic and ceremonial florescence, reveal co-occurrences of specific motifs and provide additional evidence of cultural connections among the Late Woodland to early Late Precontact societies inhabiting the lower Missouri, Mississippi, and Ohio river valleys. Oral traditions of Native American groups with documented connections to these regions allow this rich corpus of imagery to be understood as key episodes in their genesis stories.
Spatial Analysis of the Temporomandibular Joint and Condyle Following Mandibular Distraction in Robin Sequence

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract To comprehensively assess changes in temporomandibular joint and mandibular condyle morphology in Robin sequence (RS) patients undergoing mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO). A retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with RS and functional temporomandibular joints who underwent MDO by a single surgeon was performed. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans were morphometrically analyzed three-dimensional in 3-matic and Mimics (Materialise). Comparative analysis was performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Fourteen RS patients were included (28 condyles, 56 CT scans), 78% male and 22% females. The mean age at surgery was 9.4 weeks (range 1.6–46.7 weeks). The average age at initial CT was 5.3 days (range 0–11 days). The mean time interval for CT scan before MDO and after hardware removal were 8.8 ± 6.4 days and 11.2 ± 25.8 days, respectively. Rotatory changes of the condyle revealed a significantly decreased horizontal angle following MDO (–7.55°, 95% confidence interval –11.13° to –3.41°; P < 0.001). Anteroposteriorly, the angle between condylar process and ramus (incline) increased significantly (14.14°, 95% confidence interval 10.71°–19.59°; P < 0.001). Intragroup analysis revealed no difference between left versus right condylar position measurements. The condyle itself increased in size and length and the intercondylion distance increased post-MDO. There were no complications and all patients achieved relief of airway obstruction without tracheostomy. Morphologic and positional changes of the mandibular condyle following MDO in RS patients parallel changes that occur during normal development in non-RS patients. As a result, MDO may facilitate normal condylar morphology and function in RS patients.
A niche analysis of two channels of open government information: online and offline

With the rapid development and wide popularization of information and communication technology (ICT), two trends in the policy implementation process of open government information channels have emerged: online and offline. This research uses an implementation behavior theoretical framework and panel data of 31 provincial governments in mainland China from 2008–2017 to compare and analyze the factors influencing the implementation of online and offline channels. The results demonstrate that over 10 years, online channels have replaced offline channels as the main channels of open government information and that there are significant differences in the influence of different factors on the online and offline channels. Upward pressure and internal willingness do not significantly impact offline channels but have partially significant positive effects on online channels. Citizen participation and the regional environment have significant effects on online and offline channels, but the effects are inconsistent. The findings add to the literature on the implementation of different policy elements in the field of policy science, providing a decision-making reference for governments to adjust and balance the implementation process between online and offline channels.
Where Are the Goalposts? Generational Change in the Use of Grammatical Gender in Irish

The Irish language is an indigenous minority language undergoing accelerated convergence with English against a backdrop of declining intergenerational transmission, universal bilingualism, and exposure to large numbers of L2 speakers. Recent studies indicate that the interaction of complex morphosyntax and variable levels of consistent input result in some aspects of Irish grammar having a long trajectory of acquisition or not being fully acquired. Indeed, for the small group of children who are L1 speakers of Irish, identifying which “end point” of this trajectory is appropriate against which to assess these children’s acquisition of Irish is difficult. In this study, data were collected from 135 proficient adult speakers and 306 children (aged 6–13 years) living in Irish-speaking (Gaeltacht) communities, using specially designed measures of grammatical gender. The results show that both quality and quantity of input appear to impact on acquisition of this aspect of Irish morphosyntax: even the children acquiring Irish in homes where Irish is the dominant language showed poor performance on tests of grammatical gender marking, and the adult performance on these tests indicate that children in Irish-speaking communities are likely to be exposed to input showing significant grammatical variability in Irish gender marking. The implications of these results will be discussed in terms of language convergence, and the need for intensive support for mother-tongue speakers of Irish.
Linking investment opportunities, credit market development and dividend repatriation policy

Abstract This study aims to examine the impact of investment opportunities and the global financial crisis on dividend repatriation policy. Additionally, it investigates the interaction effect of credit market development on the association between investment opportunities and dividend repatriation policy. The current study uses secondary data concerning the foreign subsidiaries of US MNCs in 50 countries during the period 2005–2016. Dynamic panel generalised method of moments (GMM) estimator is applied to estimate the dynamic dividend repatriation models. The findings reveal that investment opportunities in the host country significantly negatively influence the dividend repatriation policy. However, credit market development in the host country significantly positively interacts the link between investment opportunities and dividend repatriation policy. This implies that credit market development reduces the negative impact of investment opportunities on the dividend repatriation policy. Further, the findings suggest that dividend repatriation by US MNCs increased significantly during the global financial crisis.