Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radial and local time structure of the Saturnian ring current, revealed by Cassini

We analyze particle and magnetic field data obtained between July 2004 and December 2013 in the equatorial magnetosphere of Saturn, by the Cassini spacecraft. The radial and local time distribution of the total (thermal and suprathermal) particle pressure and total plasma beta (ratio of particle to magnetic pressure) over radial distances from 5 to 16 Saturn radii (RS = 60,258 km) is presented. The average azimuthal current density Jϕ and its separate components (inertial, pressure gradient, and anisotropy) are computed as a function of radial distance and local time and presented as equatorial maps. We explore the relative contribution of different physical mechanisms that drive the ring current at Saturn. Results show that (a) the particle pressure is controlled by thermal plasma inside of ~8 RS and by the hot ions beyond ~12 RS, exhibiting strong local time asymmetry with higher pressures measured at the dusk and night sectors; (b) the plasma beta increases with radial distance and remains >1 beyond 8–10 RS for all local times; (c) the ring current is asymmetric in local time and forms a maximum region between ~7 and ~13 RS, with values up to 100–115 pA/m2; and (d) the ring current is inertial everywhere inside of 7 RS, exhibits a mixed nature between 7 and 11 RS and is pressure gradient driven beyond 11 RS, with the exception of the noon sector where the mixed nature persists. In the dawn sector, it appears strongly pressure gradient driven for a wider range of radial distance, consistent with fast return flow of hot, tenuous magnetospheric plasma following tail reconnection.
The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

To this day heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains a poorly understood malady. Half of all heart failure (HF) cases are HFpEF, and the prevalence of HF is on the rise. Unlike HF with reduced ejection fraction, HFpEF has no treatment options and is often times difficult to diagnose because victims of HFpEF often have pre-existing conditions. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been implicated in maintaining myocardial health and is thought to play a role in HFpEF. We sought to test the hypothesis that VEGF-A plays a role in HFpEF in a hypertensive murine model of HFpEF. Using Western blot analysis we found that there was an up regulation of VEGF-A in the homogenized left ventricle (LV) of our HFpEF mice. Unexpectedly, there was a down regulation of VEGF-A in the homogenized tissue from the aorta in those mice. To study the circulating levels of VEGF in our HFpEF mice we used an ELISA. We found that our HFpEF mice had similar levels of circulating VEGF as our control. This suggests that VEGF has paracrine/autocrine role in our HFpEF model rather than endocrine, like our human data suggested. To identify the cells responsible for the expression profile we saw in the homogenized tissue data we looked at the response of adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVM) and vascular
Risk Corridors in Medicare Part D: Financial Risk Sharing or Profit Limiting Mechanism?∗

Publicly-funded and privately-provided health insurance programs in the U.S. are regulated to ensure a competitive marketplace. However, private firms can strategically respond to government rules and regulations that may lead to market outcomes away from the government’s intended goals. I study insurers’ strategic responses to the interaction of two regulations in Medicare Part D: profit margin regulation and risk corridors (a risk sharing policy). The government utilizes insurers’ self-reported cost estimates to implement both regulations. This creates a trade-off for firms; they can lower their cost report to reduce risk exposure or increase their cost report to charge higher prices. To quantify the effects of insurers’ strategic responses, I estimate a structural model in which insurers are risk averse and can strategically misreport their costs. I find that insurers over-report their cost estimates by 7.5%, leading to 10% higher prices for consumers; however, by over-reporting their cost estimates, insurers are expected to pay back the government 2% of premium revenue in risk corridor payments. Thus, risk corridors limit ex-post profits more than serving as a risk sharing mechanism. I propose an alternative linear risk sharing rule to replace the existing risk corridors, which increases total surplus by 11% while maintaining insurers’ risk exposure. JEL Codes: G22, H51, I13, I18, L1, L2 ∗I thank David Dranove, Robert Porter, Gaston Illanes, and Amanda Starc for their invaluable advice and support. I also thank Vivek Bhattacharya, Bill Rogerson, and Mar Reguant as well as seminar participants at the Northwestern IO Student Seminar for their helpful comments. I am grateful for financial support from the Northwestern Graduate School Research Grant. All errors are my own. †Department of Economics, Northwestern University. Kim: phkim@u.northwestern. edu
EFFECTS OF ACUTE EXPOSURE TO CHLORFENAPYR ON HEPATIC ENZYME ACTIVITIES AND SERUM LIPID PROFILE OF AFRICAN CATFISH,

The effects of acute exposure to chlorfenapyr on hepatic enzymes and lipid profile of Clarias gariepinus juveniles were investigated following standard protocols. Test organisms were exposed to chlorfenapyr concentrations of 5, 7, 9, 11 and 15 mgL -1 for 96 hr exposure period. After exposure, peripheral blood was collected through the caudal vein into plain sterilised tubes and allowed stand for 1 h for clot to form. The clotted blood was then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min and the serum obtained was used for all the biochemical assay. Cross-sections of the gills were examined for histological aberrations. Results showed significant increase in enzymatic activities of Aspartate amino transferases (AST), Alanine amino transferases (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p< 0.05) when compared with control. Lipid profile results showed significant (p<0.05) increase in Total cholesterol (TC) and Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) in all treated groups when compared with the control. Significant (p<0.05) reduction in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) and triacylglycerides in all treated groups compared to the control was also recorded. Such alterations in biochemical parameters did not show any relationship with gills histology as the cross-section of the gills provided no evidence of aberrations. The results suggest that exposure to acute concentrations of chlorfenapyr can alter liver enzyme activities and serum lipid profile initiating a jump in the energy requirement of the exposed organism.
An exploration of teachers' epistemological belief: A case from in-service and pre-service physics teachers in Bengkulu

Epistemological belief is a belief, knowledge, and coaching value that is useful for creating a student learning environment to increase the belief and value system towards knowledge, learning, and teaching. However, there is a few explorations in the context of in-service and pre-service physics teacher. The aim of this study is to explore the epistemological beliefs of in-service and pre-service physics teachers based on their time period in teaching experience. This study used a mixed-method with a model explanatory sequential design. The quantitative data were collected through science epistemological belief questionnaires (n = 23) and the qualitative data were collected through interviews with teachers (n = 6) about their epistemological beliefs. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistic and a content analysis. The result from the quantitative data is that epistemological beliefs of in-service and preserving physics teachers are in a good category and the qualitative data showed that most of the in-service and pre-service teachers have epistemological beliefs on the transitional and instructive levels. The findings of this study can be considered in developing the teacher’s professionalism to have better physics classroom teaching and learning practice.
Proactive QC: A Fully Flow-Dependent Quality Control Scheme Based on EFSO

AbstractDespite dramatic improvements over the last decades, operational NWP forecasts still occasionally suffer from abrupt drops in their forecast skill. Such forecast skill “dropouts” may occur even in a perfect NWP system because of the stochastic nature of NWP but can also result from flaws in the NWP system. Recent studies have shown that dropouts occur due not to a model’s deficiencies but to misspecified initial conditions, suggesting that they could be mitigated by improving the quality control (QC) system so that the observation-minus-background (O-B) innovations that would degrade a forecast can be detected and rejected. The ensemble forecast sensitivity to observations (EFSO) technique enables for the quantification of how much each observation has improved or degraded the forecast. A recent study has shown that 24-h EFSO can detect detrimental O-B innovations that caused regional forecast skill dropouts and that the forecast can be improved by not assimilating them. Inspired by that success, .
Saving in cycles: how to get people to save more money

Low personal savings rates are an important social issue in the United States. We propose and test one particular method to get people to save more money that is based on the cyclical time orientation. In contrast to conventional, popular methods that encourage individuals to ignore past mistakes, focus on the future and set goals to save money, our proposed method frames the savings task in cyclical terms, emphasizing the present. Across the studies, individuals using our proposed cyclical savings method provide an average of 74% higher savings estimates and save an average of 78% more money when compared to those using a linear savings method. We also find that the cyclical savings method is more efficacious as a result of greater implementation planning and lower future optimism regarding saving money.
Boundary behavior of Green function for a parabolic equation in bounded domain

Abstract The purpose of the paper is to describe the boundary behavior of the Green function of the parabolic equation Δu + Vu + 2((∇ϕ)/ϕ)·∇u - ut = 0 in D×ℝ+, where D is a bounded C1,1 domain in ℝn (n ≥ 3), ϕ is the positive eigenfunction corresponding to the first eigenvalue of -Δ, u0 is the initial value such that ϕu0 ∈ L2(D) and V belongs to a class of time dependent potentials which can be written as a nonlinear combination of derivatives of a function.
Journal of Health Monitoring | 2/2023 | Child and adolescent health

Background: In the scope of the nationwide obligatory school entrance examinations (SEE), a standardised assessment of the preparedness for school of preschool children takes place in the federal states of Germany. For this purpose, height and weight of the children are determined. These data are available in aggregated form at county level, but are not yet being regularly compiled and processed at national level for use in policy and research. Methods: In a pilot project, the indexing and merging of SEE data from 2015–2019 was tested in collaboration with six federal states. This was done using obesity prevalence at the time of the school entrance examination. In addition, prevalences were linked to small-scale indicators on settlement structure and sociodemographics from public databases, differences in obesity prevalence at county level were identified, and correlations to regional influencing factors were visualised. Results: It was feasible to merge SEE data from the federal states with little effort. The majority of the selected indicators were freely available in public databases. In an interactive, easily comprehensible and user-friendly Tableau dashboard for visualising the SEE data, it can be seen that obesity prevalences differ significantly between counties that are similar in terms of settlement structure or sociodemographics. Conclusions: Providing federal state SEE data and linking them to small-scale indicators enables region-based analyses and cross-state comparisons of similar counties and provides a data basis for continuous monitoring of the prevalence of obesity in early childhood. SMALL-SCALE DATA · SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS · OBESITY · CHILDREN · INDICATORS
The scaling of the turbulent/non-turbulent interface at high Reynolds numbers

The scaling of the turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI) at high Reynolds numbers is investigated by using direct numerical simulations (DNS) of temporal turbulent planar jets (PJET) and shear free turbulence (SFT), with Reynolds numbers in the range $142\leqslant Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}\leqslant 400$ . For $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}\gtrsim 200$ the thickness of the TNTI ( $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}}$ ), like that of its two sublayers – the viscous superlayer (VSL, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}}$ ) and the turbulent sublayer (TSL, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}}$ ) – all scale with the Kolmogorov micro-scale $\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}$ , while the particular scaling constant depends on the sublayer. Specifically, for $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}\gtrsim 200$ while the VSL is always of the order of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}$ , with $4\leqslant \langle \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}}\rangle /\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}\leqslant 5$ , the TSL and the TNTI are typically equal to $10\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}$ , with $10.4\leqslant \langle \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}}\rangle /\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}\leqslant 12.5$ , and $15.4\leqslant \langle \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}}\rangle /\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}\leqslant 16.8$ , respectively.
Hip strengthening exercise dosage is not associated with clinical improvements after total hip arthroplasty - a prospective cohort study (the PHETHAS-1 study)

Purpose Postoperative rehabilitation exercise is commonly prescribed after total hip arthroplasty (THA), but its efficacy compared to no or minimal rehabilitation exercise has been questioned. Preliminary efficacy would be indicated if a dose-response relationship exists between performed exercise dose and degree of postoperative recovery. The objective was to evaluate the preliminary efficacy of home-based rehabilitation using elastic band exercise on performance-based function after THA, based on the association between performed exercise dose and change in performance-based function (gait speed) from 3 (start of intervention) to 10 weeks (end of intervention) after surgery. Methods A pre-registered (NCT03109821) prospective cohort study was conducted. Following primary THA, patients were prescribed home-based rehabilitation exercise using elastic bands. Performed exercise dose (repetitions/week) was objectively measured using attached sensor technology. Primary outcome was change in gait speed (40m fast-paced walk test). Secondary outcomes included patient-reported hip disability. In the primary analysis, a linear regression model was used. Results Ninety-four patients (39 women) with a median age of 66.5 years performed a median of 339 exercise repetitions/week (1st-3rd quartile: 209-549). Across outcomes, participants significantly improved from 3 to 10-week follow-up. The association between performed exercise dose and change in mean gait speed was 0.01 m/sec [95% CI: -0.01; 0.02] per 100 repetitions. Conclusions We found no indication of preliminary efficacy of home-based rehabilitation exercise using elastic bands, as no significant and clinically relevant associations between performed exercise dose and changes in outcomes were present. Trials comparing postoperative rehabilitation exercise with no exercise early after THA are warranted.
A knowledge, attitude and practices study on malaria in Kandhamal district, Odisha

Malaria is endemic in several tribal-dominated districts in India. Partnering and educating the tribal communities are key to malaria elimination efforts. A Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) study was undertaken at Kandhamal, a tribal dominated malaria endemic district in the state of Odisha, to assess the gaps in malaria awareness in this community for focused public health interventions. To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices on malaria in the tribal-dominated regions of Kandhamal district, Odisha. A descriptive KAP survey was carried out in the Kandhamal district at the household level. Three hundred households/respondents from 6 blocks distributed in 44 villages were selected through convenient sampling. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS (version 24), and ArcGIS software was used for GIS mapping. The respondents had good knowledge on the major malaria symptoms. Witchcraft, contaminated food/water, and contact with a malaria case were thought to transmit malaria by 5.3%, 14.3%, and 9.7% of respondents, respectively, and these clusters have been mapped by GIS. Logistic regression identified reduced level of education and open source of water supply to have a strong association with the misconceptions regarding malaria among the respondents. Knowledge and attitude regarding malaria were found to be associated with residence in a hilly area and an open source of water supply, respectively. Overall, the participants in Kandhamal had good KAP on malaria. The clusters with poor knowledge could be the target of focused public health interventions.
Efficacy and Safety of 5-Day Oral Ensitrelvir for Patients With Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19: The SCORPIO-SR Randomized Clinical Trial

IMPORTANCE Treatment options for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that can be used irrespective of risk factors for severe disease are warranted. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of ensitrelvir in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. DESIGN The phase 3 part of a phase 2/3, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled study conducted from February 10 to July 10, 2022. SETTING A multicenter study conducted at 92 institutions in Japan, Vietnam, and South Korea. PARTICIPANTS Patients (aged 12 to <70 years) with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 within 120 hours of positive viral testing. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized (1:1:1) to receive once-daily ensitrelvir 125 mg (375 mg on day 1), 250 mg (750 mg on day 1), or placebo for 5 days. Among 1821 randomized patients, 1030 (347, 340, and 343 in the ensitrelvir 125-mg, ensitrelvir 250-mg, and placebo groups, respectively) were randomized in less than 72 hours of disease onset and assessed as the primary analysis population. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary end point was the time to resolution of five COVID-19 symptoms (stuffy or runny nose, sore throat, cough, feeling hot or feverish, and low energy or tiredness). Other end points included virologic efficacy and safety. RESULTS The mean age was 35.7, 35.3, and 34.7 years, and 193 (55.6%), 185 (54.4%), and 174 (50.7%) patients were men in the ensitrelvir 125-mg, ensitrelvir 250-mg, and placebo groups, respectively (intention-to-treat, primary analysis population). A significant difference (P=.04 with a Peto-Prentice generalized Wilcoxon test stratified by vaccination history) was observed in the primary end point between ensitrelvir 125 mg and placebo in the primary analysis population (difference in median, -24.3 hours; 95% confidence interval, -78.7 to 11.7). Viral RNA levels on day 4 and time to negative viral titer demonstrated significant reduction vs placebo. The incidence of adverse events was 44.2%, 53.6%, and 24.8% in the ensitrelvir 125-mg, ensitrelvir 250-mg, and placebo groups, respectively. No treatment-related serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Treatment with ensitrelvir 125 mg demonstrated clinical and antiviral efficacy without new safety concerns. Generalizability to non-Asian populations should be confirmed. TRIAL REGISTRATION Japan Registry of Clinical Trials identifier: jRCT2031210350.
Feasibility of an Adaptive E-Learning Environment to Improve Provider Proficiency in Essential and Sick Newborn Care in Mwanza, Tanzania

Introduction. To improve healthcare provider knowledge of Tanzanian newborn care guidelines, we developed adaptive Essential and Sick Newborn Care (aESNC), an adaptive e-learning environment (AEE). The objectives of this study were to 1) assess implementation success with use of in-person support and nudging strategy and 2) describe baseline provider knowledge and metacognition. Methods. 6-month observational study at 1 zonal hospital and 3 health centers in Mwanza, Tanzania. To assess implementation success, we used the RE-AIM framework and to describe baseline provider knowledge and metacognition we used Howell's conscious-competence model. Additionally, we explored provider characteristics associated with initial learning completion or persistent activity. Results. aESNC reached 85% (195/231) of providers: 75 medical, 53 nursing, and 21 clinical officers; 110 (56%) were at the zonal hospital and 85 (44%) at health centers. Median clinical experience was 4 years [IQR 1,9] and 45 (23%) had previous in-service training for both newborn essential and sick newborn care. Efficacy was 42% (SD+/-17%). Providers averaged 78% (SD+/-31%) completion of initial learning and 7%(SD+/-11%) of refresher assignments. 130 (67%) providers had >1 episode of inactivity >30 day, no episodes were due to lack of internet access. Baseline conscious-competence was 53% [IQR:38-63%], unconscious-incompetence 32% [IQR:23-42%], conscious-incompetence 7% [IQR:2-15%], and unconscious-competence 2% [IQR:0-3%]. Higher baseline conscious-competence (OR 31.6 [95%CI:5.8, 183.5) and being a nursing officer (aOR: 5.6 [95%CI:1.8, 18.1]), compared to medical officer) were associated with initial learning completion or persistent activity. Conclusion. aESNC reach was high in a population of frontline providers across diverse levels of care in Tanzania. Use of in-person support and nudging increased reach, initial learning, and refresher assignment completion, but refresher assignment completion remains low. Providers were often unaware of knowledge gaps, and lower baseline knowledge may decrease initial learning completion or activity. Further study to identify barriers to adaptive e-learning normalization is needed.