Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of tamsulosin versus silodosin as medical expulsive therapy on stone expulsion in patients with distal ureteral stone: A retrospective single center study

Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of tamsulosin and silodosin as medical expulsive therapy in patients with symptomatic uncomplicated distal ureteric stones. Material and Methods: The data of adult patients who had distal ureteric stones in size between 4 and 10 mm and were treated with medical expulsive therapy between June 2019 and January 2022 were retrospectively documented. Patients were divided into two groups. Patients in Group 1 received silodosin 4 mg, and Group 2 received tamsulosin 0.4 mg. Therapy was given for a maximum of 3 weeks. Stone expulsion rate, time to stone expulsion, stone burden, and stone size were recorded. The efficacy of tamsulosin and silodosin as adjunctive medical therapy was determined. Results: A total of 152 patients were included in the study. Demographic profiles were comparable between the 2 groups. 116 (76.3%) patients were stone-free at the end of the follow-up. The stone expulsion rate was calculated in 47 patients (73.4%) in Group 1, and 69 patients (78.4%) in Group 2 (P = 0.477). The distance of the stone to the ureterovesical junction was significantly associated with successful stone expulsion in multivariate analysis (P=0.032). Conclusion: There was no significant superiority between tamsulosin and silodosin as medical expulsive therapy for distal ureteral stones. The distance of the stone to the ureterovesical junction was the only independent predictor of stone expulsion in multivariate analysis. Keywords: Medical expulsive therapy,
Eigenstructure perturbation analysis in disjointed domains for linear uncertain systems

Sufficient bounds are presented on the norm bounded uncertainties for the perturbed eigenvalues to remain in a set of disjointed neighbourhoods of the nominal eigenvalues. For such perturbed eigenvalues, bounds on the corresponding eigenvector perturbations are also presented. The study is used to analyse design methodologies based on eigenstructure assignment with parameter variations in a conrollable pair. The left and right eigenvector perturbation analysis carried out in this paper is useful in the time response analysis of linear uncertain systems.
SU(2,1) generation of electrovacs from Minkowski space

For every nonnull Killing vector K of any given electrovac, there exists a group of tranformations HK of the gravitational and electromagnetic potentials of Ernst. This is the group which is a nonlinear representation of SU(2,1) and was developed by Kinnersley on the basis of work by Ehlers, Harrison, and Geroch. For every K of Minkowski space (MS), we compute the set HK(MS) of all electrovacs derived from MS by noniterative application of HK; the results include appropriate null tetrads, the connection forms, the conform tensors, and (in the discussion) the group of all motions of every member of every HK(MS). Each conform tensor is type Npp (plane gravitational wave) or type D, and the principal null vector(s) are also eigenvectors of the Maxwell field. Except for those K which represent infinitesimal rotations about a timelike 2‐surface of MS followed by null translations in that 2‐surface, each K has a corresponding MS Killing vector L such that the G2 generated by K and L has nonnull surfaces of tran.
Rotational studies of late-type stars. II: Ages of solar-type stars and the rotational history of the Sun

In the first part of this investigation, age indicators for solar-type stars are discussed. A Li abundance-age calibration is derived; it indicates that 1 M/sub sun/ stars have lost as much as 80% of their initial Li before reaching the main sequence. The e-folding time for Li depletion on the main sequence is 1 1/4 Gyr. The distribution of Li abundances for 1 M/sub sun/ stars is consistent with a uniform initial Li abundance for all stars.
Determination of the refractive index of InGaAsP epitaxial layers by mode line luminescence spectroscopy

A new method of detecting optical waveguide modes of semiconductor epitaxial layers is presented. The modes are excited by photoluminescence and coupled out of the semiconductor wafer by a grating etched on the surface of the guiding layer. As a consequence of this coupling, the spectrum of optical emission from the sample at fixed angles has "mode lines" superimposed on the spontaneous emission spectrum. This method is used to measure the refractive indexes of eight InGaAsP layers of different compositions. These data together with published data for the refractive index of InP were fit with a two-oscillator model to yield an algebraic description of the refractive index of the InGaAsP/InP system. The method was also used to measure the change in mode index of a laser in going from low current up to threshold. The observed change was measured to be -0.023 ± 0.006.
Control of interlayer magnetic coupling and magnetoresistance in magnetic multilayers by insertion of very thin magnetic layers

Changes in magnetoresistive characteristics and in magnetization hysteresis curves with the insertion of very thin magnetic layers at interfaces between Cu spacer layers and magnetic layers are studied in Cu/Co, Cu/NiFe, and Cu/Co/Cu/NiFe multilayers. It was found that the interlayer magnetic coupling is strongly affected by covering the surfaces of magnetic layers with another type of magnetic layer a few angstroms thick. The possibility of controlling the magnetoresistance effect in magnetic multilayers using this phenomenon is discussed. >
EARLY ONLINE RELEASE

This study investigated future changes in extreme precipitation associated with tropical 18 cyclones (TCs) around Japan using large ensemble regional climate simulations for historical 19 and +4 K climates. Under the warmer climate, extreme TC precipitation, defined as the 90th 20 percentile value of the maximum daily precipitation derived from each TC (TCP90), is 21 projected to increase throughout Japan from Kyushu to Kanto. We attributed most of the 22 increase in TCP90 to increased atmospheric moisture due to global warming. Furthermore, it 23 was found that TCP90 is projected to increase for all TC intensity categories. However, the 24 projected increase in intense TCs affects TCP90 in only a limited area. Stronger TCs enhance 25 TCP90 over east- and north-facing slopes of mountainous terrain, while TCP90 in most other 26 areas is insensitive to TC intensity. These results suggest that even relatively weak TCs could 27 have potential to produce extreme precipitation that might cause natural disasters.
Field singularities at the common tip of a number of concentric biisotropic cones

In this contribution we present a general matrix formalism to determine the singular electromagnetic field behavior at the common tip of a number of concentric circular cones consisting of lossless biisotropic, perfect electric conducting or perfect magnetic conducting material. Three cases are studied in detail: a chiral salient and reentrant cone, two perfectly conducting cones, and a perfectly conducting cone balancing on a semiinfinite chiral space.
THE SECOND DERIVATIVE OF A MEROMORPHIC FUNCTION

Abstract Let $f$ be meromorphic of finite order in the plane, such that $f^{(k)}$ has finitely many zeros, for some $k\geq2$. The author has conjectured that $f$ then has finitely many poles. In this paper, we strengthen a previous estimate for the frequency of distinct poles of $f$. Further, we show that the conjecture is true if either $f$ has order less than $1+\varepsilon$, for some positive absolute constant $\varepsilon$, or $f^{(m)}$, for some $0\leq m lt k$, has few zeros away from the real axis. AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 30D35
Signatures of non-universal large scales in conditional structure functions from various turbulent flows

We present a systematic comparison of conditional structure functions in nine turbulent flows. The flows studied include forced isotropic turbulence simulated on a periodic domain, passive grid wind tunnel turbulence in air and in pressurized SF6, active grid wind tunnel turbulence (in both synchronous and random driving modes), the flow between counter-rotating discs, oscillating grid turbulence and the flow in the Lagrangian exploration module (in both constant and random driving modes). We compare longitudinal Eulerian second-order structure functions conditioned on the instantaneous large-scale velocity in each flow to assess the ways in which the large scales affect the small scales in a variety of turbulent flows. Structure functions are shown to have larger values when the large-scale velocity significantly deviates from the mean in most flows, suggesting that dependence on the large scales is typical in many turbulent flows. The effects of the large-scale velocity on the structure functions can be quite strong, with the structure function varying by up to a factor of 2 when the large-scale velocity deviates from the mean by ±2 standard deviations. In several flows, the effects of the large-scale velocity are similar at all the length scales we measured, indicating that the large-scale effects are scale independent. In a few flows, the effects of the large-scale velocity are larger on the smallest length scales.
Use of remote sensing to determine rainwater harvesting sites for piped micro-irrigation schemes in Chimanimani District, Zimbabwe

The eastern highlands of Zimbabwe, particularly Chimanimani District, are endowed with natural water bodies such as springs, pools, wetlands, puddles and river systems, which are potential sources of water for irrigated farming. Despite this, water challenges continue to exist due to rainfall seasonality and lack of suitable water harvesting sites. This calls for solutions to harness water in long-lasting sources to support the piped micro-irrigation schemes. These schemes are pillars in agricultural interventions such as horticulture, livestock farming, fish farming and beekeeping. This study therefore, determined potential rainwater harvesting (RWH) sites in Chimanimani District using geospatial techniques. Water pixels from Landsat 8 images were extracted using the normalised difference moisture index (NDMI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Potential RWH sites were classified into land-based zones, wetlands and natural water bodies. Findings show that land-based zones cover 27.53%, wetlands cover 24.65% and water bodies cover 6.11% of the district. The study also indicates that integrating geographic information systems with remote-sensing tools is a useful approach in identifying RWH sites. Thus, this study provided a spatially explicit approach and presents a suitability map for RWH in Chimanimani District.
First high spectral resolution VUV full-Sun spectrum compared to cool stars

This paper reports the first full-Sun vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) emission line profile originating from the transition region from the chromosphere to the corona. It is based on a raster scan of the whole solar disk using SUMER/SOHO. The full-Sun spectrum has a spectral resolution which allows an investigation of details in the line profile as well as a thorough comparison to stellar spectra as obtained, e.g. with FUSE or STIS/HST. The full-Sun spectrum shows enhanced emission in the wings, and is well described by a double Gaussian fit with a narrow and a broad component. It is shown that the broad component is due to structures on the solar surface, especially those related to the magnetic chromospheric network. Thus it is proposed that the broad components of other solar-like stars are also a consequence of the mixture of surface structures, and not necessarily a signature of small-scale heating processes like explosive events, as it is commonly argued. A comparison to spectra of luminous cool stars shows that the line asymmetries of these stars might also be a surface structure effect and not or only partly due to opacity effects in their cool dense winds. These comparisons show the potential of high quality full-Sun VUV spectra and their value for the study of solar-stellar connections. As an example, this study proposes that α Cen A has a considerably higher amount of magnetic flux concentrated in the chromospheric magnetic network than the Sun.
Computer simulations of encounters between massive black holes and binaries

Over 800,000 encounters of binaries with black holes having masses that range from 10 to 10,000 times that of the binary components were simulated. The calculations at many collision velocities and impact parameters were made, which made it possible to find the velocity-dependent cross sections for exchange collisions, for binary dissociation, and for changing the orbital energy and eccentricity. The distribution of closest approaches of the stars to the black hole was also found. The probability of the black hole tidally disrupting a star in the close encounters that produce exchange collisions was determined. Exchange collisions dominate over tidal dissociation if the sum of the radii of the stars is less than the binary semimajor axis. Even encounters of black holes with soft binaries can lead to exchange collisions in which the black hole captures one binary component and ejects the other at high speed. 12 refs.
The development of a niobium-titanium cable-in-conduit coil for a 45 T hybrid magnet

A 35 T Hybrid magnet is to be installed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at Tallahassee. The superconducting background field magnet of this system consists of three coils, two of niobium-tin conductor and one of niobium-titanium. This paper describes the design and construction of the niobium-titanium section. In the design, three issues of principal importance were considered: stability and dissipation under pulsed and steady state conditions; the stressing of the conduit, and the consequences of quenching. The details of construction have centered around the winding and assembly of the pancake coils and the preparation of the joints. The construction of the coil is part of a collaborative program between MIT and FSU. >
Cyclone Interactions and Evolutions during the ``Perfect Storms'' of Late October and Early November 1991

AbstractThis paper examines the cyclogenesis of the “Perfect Storms” of late October and early November 1991 over the North Atlantic and focuses on the influence of Hurricane Grace (HG) toward their development. The two storms considered are the “Perfect Storm” (PS) that underwent a warm seclusion process and an extratropical cyclone (EC1) with two development phases. HG, which initially formed via tropical transition (TT), influenced the first phase of EC1 via reduced atmospheric static stability and enhanced low-level baroclinicity. As a result, deep moist convection and latent heat release produced maxima in midtropospheric diabatic heating and lower-tropospheric potential vorticity (PV) that aided the development of EC1. Backward air parcel trajectories and large diabatic contributions to eddy available potential energy (APE) generation suggests that EC1 developed as a diabatic Rossby vortex (DRV)-like feature.The second and explosively deepening phase of EC1 occurred as the cyclone coupled with an up.
Baroclinic Waves in a Shallow Saturated Layer

Abstract Humidity stratification may affect baroclinic wave growth by inducing vertical confinement in the layer where small amplitude updrafts are saturated. By means of a two-dimensional numerical model the authors show that small amplitude modes are trapped in saturated regions, exhibiting horizontal and vertical scales that are smaller and growth rates that are larger than those of Eady waves in a dry atmosphere. Then the small amplitude is contrasted with the finite amplitude growth: whereas in the former a clear-cut modal structure is attained, in the latter the eventual mixing of moisture alters the initial environment to the point that shallow waves are no longer supported. When the alteration of the basic state takes place the amplitude of the shallow wave, although finite, is small enough that the approximations adopted to represent meridional advection of moisture in this two-dimensional model are still valid. The effect of surface drag is also discussed and it is shown that it does not prevent.
Three-dimensional tracker for spectral domain optical coherence tomography

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) is a relatively new imaging technique that allows high-speed cross-sectional scanning of retinal structures with little motion artifact. However, instrumentation for these systems is not yet fast enough to collect high-density three-dimensional retinal maps free of the adverse effects of lateral eye movements. Low coherence interferometry instruments must also contend with axial motion primarily from head movements that shift the target tissue out of the coherence detection range. Traditional SDOCT instruments suffer from inherent deficiencies that exacerbate the effect of depth motion, including limited range, depth-dependent signal attenuation, and complex conjugate overlap. We present initial results on extension of our transverse retinal tracking system to three-dimensions especially for SDOCT imagers. The design and principle of operation of two depth tracking techniques, adaptive ranging (AR) and Doppler velocity (DV) tracking, are presented. We have integrated the threedimensional tracking hardware into a hybrid line scanning laser ophthalmoscope (LSLO)/SDOCT imaging system. Imaging and tracking performance was characterized by tests involving a limited number of human subjects. The hybrid imager could switch between wide-field en-face confocal LSLO images, high-resolution cross-sectional OCT images, and an interleaved mode of sequential LSLO and OCT images. With 3-D tracking, the RMS error for axial motion decreased to <50 µm and for lateral motion decreased to <10 µm. The development of real-time tracking and SDOCT image processing hardware is also discussed. Future implementation of 3-D tracking should increase the yield of usable images and decrease the patient measurement time for clinical SDOCT systems.
Examining the role of financial innovation on economic growth: Fresh empirical evidence from developing and developed countries

Abstract From an economic prospective, the relationship between financial innovation and economic growth has always been a critical aspect of the financial system. However, this relationship has not recieved extensive attention in academia. Therefore, this study examines the effect of financial innovation on economic growth in the context of developing and developed countries using 92 cross-sectional data over the period of 2002 to 2020, the fixed effect method of panel regression has been applied to examine the relationship between financial innovation and economic growth. This study has compared the results of developing and developed countries using different combinations of explanatory variables. The results of this study depict that various combinations of variables have varied impacts on dependent variable. This study has revealed the negative relationship between financial innovation and economic growth. However, domestic credit to private sector banks has the best proxy for financial innovation. This study suggests that regulators should focus on encouraging and discouraging financial innovation based on its impact on the economy.
Effects of Injector Geometry on Cryogenic Shear Coaxial Jets at Supercritical Pressures

For shear coaxial injectors, which are widely used in liquid oxygen–gaseous hydrogen rocket engines, the key parameters that characterize injector geometry are the recess length, taper angle, and wall thickness of the liquid oxygen post, which is the inner tube of the coaxial injector. In the present study, the effects of the recessed length and taper angle of the liquid oxygen post on cryogenic coaxial jets at supercritical pressures were experimentally investigated. The large-scale structure and mixing enhancement of cryogenic nitrogen and gaseous helium coaxial jets were evaluated using a high-speed backlighting technique. Instantaneous backlit images revealed that the dark core, which is believed to be dense nitrogen, exhibited sinusoidal forms induced by the presence of the outer helium jets. However, the sinusoidal oscillations were less influenced by the injector geometry. The mixing enhancement of coaxial jets was evaluated with respect to the dark-core length and the jet spread angle. The recesse.
Direct evidence of eddy breaking and tilting by edge sheared flows observed in the TEXTOR tokamak

In this letter, we present direct evidence of eddy breaking and tilting events observed at the edge of the TEXTOR tokamak using a 2D gas puff imaging diagnostic. The occurrence of eddy breaking depends on the magnitude of the Er × B flow shearing rate. The results confirm the theoretical predictions about the influence of Er × B sheared flows in tilting and splitting turbulence eddies, and consequently, reducing the turbulent transport.
Warm Pressurant Effects on the Bubble Point for Cryogenic Liquid Acquisition Devices

This paper presents experimental results for the liquid hydrogen and nitrogen bubble point tests using warm pressurant gases conducted at the NASA Glenn Research Center. The purpose of the test series was to determine the effect of elevating the temperature of the pressurant gas on the performance of a liquid acquisition device. Three fine-mesh screen samples (325×2300, 450×2750, and 510×3600) were tested in liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen using cold and warm noncondensable (gaseous helium) and condensable (gaseous hydrogen or nitrogen) pressurization schemes. Gases were conditioned from 0–90 K above the liquid temperature. Results clearly indicate degradation in bubble point pressure using warm gas, with a greater reduction in performance using condensable over noncondensable pressurization. Degradation in the bubble point pressure is inversely proportional to screen porosity because the coarsest mesh demonstrated the highest degradation. Results here have implication on both pressurization and liqui.
A Small Sample Correction for the Test of Cointegrating Rank in the Vector Autoregressive Model

We derive an approximation to the expectation of the likelihood tatio test for cointegration in the vector autoregressive model. The expression depends on moments of functions of random walk, which are tabulated by simulation, and functions of the parameters, which are estimated. From this approximation we propose a correction factor with the purpose of improving the small sample performance of the test.
Rotatory Brownian motion of a rigid dumbbell

The frictional torque on a dumbbell rotating with time-dependent angular velocity is calculated from the hydrodynamic interaction between the two ends of the dumbbell. This leads to the correlation function for the random torque in rotatory Brownian motion. Although the motion of each dumbbell end has the characteristics of a translational motion, the correlation function at large times decays like t−5/2, as in the case of a solid sphere. The correlation function may be calculated for the limiting case of very small angular displacements. The results for displacements of arbitrary magnitude are the same provided that terms quadratic in the angular velocity are negligible.