Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Production of Lightning NO(x) and its Vertical Distribution Calculated from 3-D Cloud-scale Chemical Transport Model Simulations

A 3-D cloud scale chemical transport model that includes a parameterized source of lightning NO(x), based on observed flash rates has been used to simulate six midlatitude and subtropical thunderstorms observed during four field projects. Production per intracloud (P(sub IC) and cloud-to-ground (P(sub CG)) flash is estimated by assuming various values of P(sub IC) and P(sub CG) for each storm and determining which production scenario yields NO(x) mixing ratios that compare most favorably with in-cloud aircraft observations. We obtain a mean P(sub CG) value of 500 moles NO (7 kg N) per flash. The results of this analysis also suggest that on average, P(sub IC) may be nearly equal to P(sub CG), which is contrary to the common assumption that intracloud flashes are significantly less productive of NO than are cloud-to-ground flashes. This study also presents vertical profiles of the mass of lightning NO(x), after convection based on 3-D cloud-scale model simulations. The results suggest that following convection, a large percentage of lightning NO(x), remains in the middle and upper troposphere where it originated, while only a small percentage is found near the surface. The results of this work differ from profiles calculated from 2-D cloud-scale model simulations with a simpler lightning parameterization that were peaked near the surface and in the upper troposphere (referred to as a "C-shaped" profile). The new model results (a backward C-shaped profile) suggest that chemical transport models that assume a C-shaped vertical profile of lightning NO(x) mass may place too much mass neat the surface and too little in the middle troposphere.
STABILITE DU FRONT DE TAILLE D'UN TUNNEL DANS UN MILIEU FROTTANT - APPROCHE CINEMATIQUE EN CALCUL A LA RUPTURE

On se propose d'estimer la pression necessaire au soutien du front de taille d'un tunnel en terrain meuble par les methodes du calcul a la rupture,et plus precisement, de developper l'approche cinematique dans le cas d'un milieu frottant. Deux mecanismes bidimensionnels sont envisages. On s'interesse d'abord au cas d'une cavite suffisamment profonde pour que puisse etre neglige l'effet de surface. On explicite l'influence des differents parametres geometriques et geotechniques. On aborde ensuite le cas d'une cavite peu profonde pour laquelle on etudie l'influence de la proximite de la surface et l'influence d'une surcharge sur cette derniere. Enfin, la vraisemblance des resultats obtenus est confortee par des resultats experimentaux sur modele reduit. (A). (Titre en anglais : Tunnel face stability in a sandy soil yield calculation approach).
Mito-Tempo improves acrosome integrity of frozen-thawed epididymal spermatozoa in tomcats

Introduction In tomcats, epididymal spermatozoa provide an additional source of male gametes available for cryopreservation. While this procedure is feasible, the survival rate and motility of epididymal cat spermatozoa are both low after thawing. Cryopreservation is known to induce oxidative stress in spermatozoa, with mitochondria and the plasma membrane being the two major generation sites, and an imbalanced presence of free radicals is a possible cause for this low survival rate. Different antioxidants have been tested before for their effect on cryopreserved cat spermatozoa quality, with varying results. Here, we used Mito-Tempo, which is a synthetic mitochondria-targeted antioxidant and a specific scavenger of the mitochondrial superoxide system. By supplementing Mito-Tempo with the freezing extender, we aimed to improve the sperm quality of frozen-thawed cat epididymal spermatozoa. Methods Epididymal spermatozoa obtained from twelve tomcats were assessed for motility and concentration. Prior to freezing, samples were diluted in TRIS buffered extender with egg yolk and glycerol and divided into five aliquots supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5, 5, 50, and 1005M of Mito-Tempo. After thawing, sperm motility, concentration, morphology, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated. A Friedman rank sum test with a Bonferroni post-hoc test was used to determine statistical in-between group differences in post-thaw semen parameters. Results and discussion The results indicated a slight improvement in acrosome integrity across all groups that were supplemented with Mito-Tempo, with the group that received 55M of Mito-Tempo showing the greatest improvement [(median of 67.99%, IQR of 5.55) compared to the control group (median of 65.33%, IQR of 7.75; P = 0.05)]. For all other sperm parameters, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were detected between different Mito-Tempo concentrations. These findings highlight the protective effect of Mito-Tempo on acrosome integrity and suggest that 55M is the most effective concentration for maintaining acrosome integrity. Since Mito-Tempo has shown a positive effect on multiple sperm parameters in other species, such as men, boars, roosters, rams, and bulls, we need to conclude that species-specificity may play a role here.
THE USE OF GOOGLE SITES IN EXTENSIVE LISTENING CLASSROOM: STUDENTS’ VOICES

Extensive Listening (EL) is a recent study whose development is sparked by Extensive Reading (ER). However, not many studies have been conducted on the implementation of Extensive Listening in the classroom using digital tools provided on the internet such as Google Sites. This study aims to examine students’ perceptions of the use of Google Sites in extensive listening classes. It was conducted using a qualitative design by involving 18 second-year students at a higher education level. The students’ classroom reflections and the semi-structured style of the interview were included as the research instruments. The results showed that most of the students believed that Google Sites is useful to enhance their creativity and motivate them to be actively involved in extensive listening activities.
“It Has Totally Changed How I Think About the Police”: COVID-19 and the Mis/Trust of Pandemic Policing in Aotearoa New Zealand

In the initial phase of COVID-19, Aotearoa New Zealand was internationally praised for its pandemic response that included lockdowns to control the spread and work toward elimination. Community compliance with control measures was thus essential when pursuing elimination as a policy. Using a mixed-methods approach, we sought to explore whether New Zealand Police (NZP) were trusted to police the lockdown rules at Levels 4 and 3. We analyzed 1,020 survey responses comparing trust among respondents who had been stopped by NZP over the lockdown rules (contacts) with those who had not (non-contacts). We found that both contacts and non-contacts expressed greater trust in NZP to enforce the Level 4 than the Level 3 rules; contacts expressed less trust in NZP to enforce the lockdown rules than non-contacts; contacts perceived NZP more heavy-handed than non-contacts; contacts perceived NZP as only somewhat procedurally just and feeling somewhat encouraged to comply with the lockdown rules and; that unexpected high-profile policing-related events during the survey only affected contacts’ trust significantly. We offer two explanations: (1) NZP were perceived as procedurally unjust or inconsistent in applying the lockdown rules, (2) members of the public and NZP learned the lockdown rules simultaneously. We caution that the unfamiliar character of pandemic policing may jeopardize trust in NZP even among segments of the population that typically express high levels of trust in NZP, that is, people of European descent. We conclude that community compliance with pandemic control measures is no matter to be dealt with by the criminal legal system.
Análise de cruzamentos dialéticos entre variedades de Milho- Doce- Su

Sete variedades de milho-doce sugary - (su1) originaram 21 hibridos F1's e respectivos reciprocos que, juntamente com os progenitores e duas testemunhas, foram avaliados, num delineamento em latice triplo 7x7, em Visconde de Rio Branco (MG), no ano agricola 92/93. Avaliaram-se, 25 dias apos o florescimento feminino, os seguintes caracteres: numero de espigas comerciais, peso das espigas comerciais despalhadas, comprimento da espiga, numero de fileiras de graos/espiga, umidade das sementes F2's, acucares soluveis redutores e totais das sementes F1's e F2's. Utilizou-se o metodo de analise dialelica de GARDNER e EBERHART (1966), modificado por ALVES e CRUZ (1995) para esses caracteres, com o objetivo de avaliar as variedades de milho-doce (su1) per se e em cruz amentos. As variedades 'Doce-de-Cuba' e 'Doce-43' mostraram-se melhores per se e poderiam ser utilizadas para obtencao de compostos a ser utilizado em programas de melhoramento por selecao recorrente ou extracao de linhagens. Houve heterose para acucares soluveis redutores e totais nas sementes F1's e F2's, entretanto, como a media de producao de espigas comerciais esta baixa, a utilizacao imediata dos hibridos intervarietais 'Doce-de-Cuba' x 'Doce-43', 'Doce-13' x 'Doce-43' e 'Doce-de-Cuba' x 'Doce-13' nao deve ser recomendada.
Sustainability Perspectives of Organic Farming and Plant Factory Systems—From Divergences towards Synergies

Closed plant production systems are generally considered sustainable. Such systems are capable of minimizing externalities due to resource recycling. There are two systems, apparently diverging, recently considered as the counterparts of today’s conventional agricultural practice: organic farming (OF) and plant factories (PFs). With a strong regulatory background, OF integrates plant production into natural ecosystems by minimizing agrochemical use, while PFs create an artificial environment where all factors can be fine-tuned according to the needs of the crop. In this study, both systems are investigated based on their similarities and constraints; for this, three pillars of production were selected as indicators and reviewed for sustainability based on literature data: I. regulatory background, II. growing media use, III. species use, along with certain socio-economic factors. The reasons for co-existence were highlighted in every aspect. Alternatives for sustainable growing media use are introduced. PF-targeted species selection and variety breeding are necessary to maximize facility utilization. The main barriers to system interoperability are identified in growing media use and regulatory restrictions. The present global processes envisage the trends of the future, such as threats of living ecosystems, plant species allocation, urbanization impacts, agricultural intensification, economics of PFs, local supply chains, education about OF and PFs, consumer acceptance of OF and PF products, and discrepancies in global regulations. These aspects will certainly trigger further research in the scientific community.
Multiscale classification of very high resolution SAR images of urban areas by Markov random fields, copula functions, and texture extraction

This paper addresses the problem of classifying very high resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of urban areas by using a supervised Bayesian classification method via a contextual hierarchical approach. We develop a bivariate copula-based statistical model that combines amplitude SAR data and textural information. This model is plugged into a hierarchical Markov random field based on a quadtree structure and on multiscale wavelet features. The contribution of this paper is thus the development of a novel hierarchical classification approach that uses a quadtree model based on the wavelet decomposition and an innovative statistical model. The performance of the developed approach is illustrated on a COSMO-SkyMed image of a urban area.
Effect of nitrogen doses on growth and yield of several varieties of tungro-infected rice plant

Tungro is still a problem in efforts to increase rice production, it can disrupt the stability of rice production if conditions worsen. Plant fertilizer application is an integral part of plant cultivation, especially nitrogen fertilizer. Improper utilization of fertilizers can harm agriculture by increasing plant vulnerability to pests and diseases. Thus, the purpose of the study was to examine the effects of various doses of nitrogen on the agronomic performance of rice plants, as well as their susceptibility to tungro. The research was conducted at the Greenhouse, Sukamandi, and the Muara Experimental Field, Center for Rice Research, Bogor. The experiments, both in the greenhouse and field, used a split-plot randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots were variety, while the subplots were nitrogen dosage. The results showed that Inpari 36 Lanrang was better than Ciherang and IR64 in terms of plant height, number of tillers, empty grain per clump, leaf greenness, and yield/pot in the greenhouse. While from the field experiment, varieties have different flowering times, plant heights, number of filled grains, number of empty grains, 1,000-grain weight, net assimilation rate, yield/plot, and tungro incidence. The use of nitrogen fertilizer affected flowering time in the greenhouse and affected productive tillers, yield per plot in the field, and the greenness of the leaves of healthy plants. The optimum dose is 167.5 kg ha-1 nitrogen. As a result, it is recommended that controlling tungro disease should involve the integration of fertilizer application that is balanced with the use of resistant varieties.Keywords: agronomic performance, nitrogen rates, plant diseases, resistant varieties, tungro infection
New Phocoenamicin and Maklamicin Analogues from Cultures of Three Marine-Derived Micromonospora Strains

Antimicrobial resistance can be considered a hidden global pandemic and research must be reinforced for the discovery of new antibiotics. The spirotetronate class of polyketides, with more than 100 bioactive compounds described to date, has recently grown with the discovery of phocoenamicins, compounds displaying different antibiotic activities. Three marine Micromonospora strains (CA-214671, CA-214658 and CA-218877), identified as phocoenamicins producers, were chosen to scale up their production and LC/HRMS analyses proved that EtOAc extracts from their culture broths produce several structurally related compounds not disclosed before. Herein, we report the production, isolation and structural elucidation of two new phocoenamicins, phocoenamicins D and E (1–2), along with the known phocoenamicin, phocoenamicins B and C (3–5), as well as maklamicin (7) and maklamicin B (6), the latter being reported for the first time as a natural product. All the isolated compounds were tested against various human pathogens and revealed diverse strong to negligible activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. Their cell viability was also evaluated against the human liver adenocarcinoma cell line (Hep G2), demonstrating weak or no cytotoxicity. Lastly, the safety of the major compounds obtained, phocoenamicin (3), phocoenamicin B (4) and maklamicin (7), was tested against zebrafish eleuthero embryos and all of them displayed no toxicity up to a concentration of 25 μM.
Validity of the Landsat surface reflectance archive for aquatic science: Implications for cloud‐based analysis

Originally developed for terrestrial science and applications, the US Geological Survey Landsat surface reflectance (SR) archive spanning ~ 40 yr of observations has been increasingly utilized in large‐scale water‐quality studies. These products, however, have not been rigorously validated using in situ measured reflectance. This letter quantifies and demonstrates the quality of the SR products by harnessing a sizeable global dataset (N = 1100). We found that the Landsat 8/9 SR in the green and red bands marginally meet the targeted accuracy requirements (30%), whereas the uncertainties in the blue and coastal‐aerosol bands ranged from 48% to 110%. We further observed > +25% biases in the visible bands of Landsat 5/7 SR, which can introduce an apparent downward trend when applied in time‐series analyses combined with Landsat 8/9. Users must exercise caution when using this archive for trend analyses, and progress in atmospheric correction is required to foster advanced applications of the Landsat archive for aquatic science.
Classification of Sensory Neural Signals through Deep Learning Methods

The recording and analysis of peripheral neural signals can be beneficial to provide feedback to prosthetic limbs and recover the sensory functionality in people with nerve injuries. Nevertheless, the interpretation of sensory recordings extracted from the nerve is not trivial, and only few studies have applied classifiers on sequences of neural signals without previous feature extraction. This paper evaluates the classification performance of two deep learning (DL) models (CNN and ConvLSTM) applied to the electroneurographic (ENG) activity recorded from the sciatic nerve of rats. The ENG signals, available from two public datasets, were recorded using multi-channel cuff electrodes in response to four sensory inputs (plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, nociception, and touch) elicited in response to mechanical stimulation applied to the hind paw of the rats. Different temporal lengths of the signals were considered (2.5 s, 1 s, 500 ms, 200 ms, and 100 ms), Both the two DL models proved to correctly discriminate sensory stimuli without the need of hand-engineering feature extraction. Moreover, ConvLSTM outperformed state-of-the-art results in classifying sensory ENG activity (more than 90% F1-score for sequences greater than 500 ms), and it showed promising results for real-time application scenarios.
Assessment of Genetic Variability and Trait Association in Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) for Yield and Attributing Traits

The present study was conducted at College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Meghalaya, India in the rabi season (November–April) of 2020–21 to study genetic variability, character association and identify high yielding Al tolerant lentil RILs genotypes suitable for Al toxicity prone acidic soils of Meghalaya. The genotypes were screened through phenotypic evaluation in the field, character association, root morphology studies and determination of root Al content. The pooled variance analysis over two locations revealed highly significant genotype×location interaction for the traits under study except days to maturity, number of primary branches plant-1 and number of seeds pod-1, whereas variance due to genotypes was highly significant for all the 10 characters except number of seeds pod-1. Among all the characters, high Hbs2 coupled with high GA percentage were observed in number of primary branches plant-1, plant height and 100 seed weight. Highly positive and highly significant correlation was observed between seed yield plant-1 with number of pods plant-1 (0.84***), biological yield plant-1 (0.79***), number of seeds pod-1 (0.47***), number of primary branches plant-1 (0.31***) and harvest index (0.31***). From the root morphology analysis, it was observed that high yielding tolerant genotypes constituted of well-established root systems under acidic soil conditions. Based on mean performance of seed yield plant-1, various attributing traits and root morphology studies the best performing genotypes were LRIL-37, LRIL-22, LRIL-96, LRIL-97, LRIL-144, LRIL-92 and LRIL-109. The identified genotypes may be used for further evaluation in multiple environments for final release and also for use in the hybridisation programme.
Gate C-V Characteristics of n-Channel MOSFET Considering Quantum Mechanical Effects

This work proposes to find $C_{G}vsV_{GB}$ characteristics analytically, for an n-channel MOSFET with <100> silicon surface orientation using the analytical surface potential computed incorporating quantum mechanical (QM) effects both in conduction and valence band. The gate capacitances vs gate-to-bulk voltage $(C_{G}\ vs\ V_{GB})$ characteristics obtained from the proposed model matches very well with the published experimental data and also with results obtained using self-consistent solution of Schrödinger and Poisson equations. The results obtained from the model are smooth and continuous from accumulation to inversion regions of operation for different gate metal and insulator materials for wide range of device parameters.
Modeling the ocean circulation in the Bering Sea

With parameterized wave mixing, the circulation and the tidal current in the Bering Sea were simulated simultaneously using the three-dimensional Princeton Ocean Model. The simulated circulation pattern in the deep basin is relatively stable, cyclonic, and has little seasonal change. The Bering Slope Current between 200-1000 m isobaths was estimated to be 5 Sv in volume transport. The Kamchatka Current was estimated to be 20 Sv off the Kamchatka Peninsula. The Bering shelf circulations vary with season, driven mainly by wind. These features are consistent with historical estimates. A counter current was captured flowing southeastward approximately along the 200 m isobath of the Bering Slope, opposite to the northwestward Bering Slope Current, which needs to be validated by observations. An upwelling current is located in the shelf break (120-1000m) area, which may imply the vertical advection of nutrients for supporting the Bering Sea Green Belt seasonal plankton blooms in the break-slope area. The Bering Slope Current is located in a downwelling area.
US Equity Market Volatility Index Components, Impact on the Industrial Production Index and Post Covid-19 Forecasting: Relevance to Mexico

This research aims to analyze whether the 42 category-specific Equity Market Volatility (EMV) trackers explain the US industrial production index (IPI) including the impact of the Covid-19 crisis. IPI values are forecasted, considering three scenarios of economic recuperation after the end of the Covid-19 pandemic. To achieve this purpose, first an Artificial Neural Network is employed to determine if the EMV categorical tracker elements explain Industrial Production. Once, the incidence of the EMV trackers on IPI is evidenced, an ARIMA model is used to forecast the Industrial Production Index from June 2021 to December 2022. Motivation for this research and its originality is the strong economic and financial links of the Mexican economy with the U
Impact of Parental Mental Health and Help-Seeking on Adolescents’ Suicidal Ideations and Help-Seeking Behaviors

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of parental mental health on adolescent offspring. Data regarding 6512 families from the 2010–2021 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed; among them, 428 were placed in the suicidal ideation (SI) group and 421 were placed in the matched control (MC) group. This number was selected for the use of the propensity score matching method. The findings highlighted significant associations between parental mental health and adolescent suicidal ideation, with mothers in the SI group having higher odds of Diagnosed Depression (OR 2.109, 1.023–4.350 95% CI), Depressive Mood (OR 2.155, 1.224–3.793 95% CI), and Suicidal Ideation (OR 2.532, 1.322–4.851 95% CI) compared to the MC group. Regarding the fathers, paternal Suicidal Ideation (OR 4.295, 1.747–10.599 95% CI) was the only significant factor for adolescent suicidal ideation. In contrast, maternal depressive symptoms and help-seeking behavior significantly impacted adolescent help-seeking; Maternal Depressive Mood increased with adolescent Help-Seeking (OR 4.486, 1.312–15.340 95% CI) while Maternal Suicidal Ideation reduced the probability of Help-Seeking in the SI group (OR 0.15, 0.031–0.721, 95% CI). Chronic and severe depressive symptoms in mothers could make adolescents less likely to seek help for their suicidal ideations. Therefore, clinicians working with adolescents should prioritize a family-oriented approach.