Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is There an Early Morphological Decomposition during L2 Lexical Access? A Meta-Analysis on the Morphological Priming Effect

A considerable body of experimental data currently exists on the representation and processing of derived words. However, no theoretical account has led to a consensus so far, due in part to inconsistencies in empirical results which show either the presence or the absence of signs of early morphological decomposition during lexical access. In this paper, we present the results of a meta-analysis that sought to examine the robustness of the masked morphological priming effect (MMP) in native and non-native speakers. This effect is indexed by faster responses to targets preceded by morphologically related primes vs. unrelated primes (e.g., fighter-FIGHT < needle-FIGHT), and is perhaps the most widespread effect used to test whether speakers of a given language are sensitive to the morphological components of words at early stages of lexical access. To this end, we selected 10 masked priming lexical decision studies (16 experiments) conducted with native and non-native speakers. Variables such as prime duration and level of L2 proficiency were considered in the analyses to assess their impact on the MMP effect. Results showed significant MMP effects, which were restricted to native speakers. No modulations were found for the prime duration. Results are interpreted in light of prevalent models of complex word processing.
Embedded mask patterning: A nanopatterning process to fabricate FePt magnetic media

A nanopatterning process, named as the embedded mask patterning, was proposed and experimentally demonstrated based on the FePt recording media. A granular mask layer was deposited on top of a FePt continuous film. The granular pattern of the mask was then transferred down to FePt layer using reactive ion etching. Since controlling magnetic properties is separated from controlling granular nanostructure, FePt grains can be reduced by optimizing the mask layer and patterning process only. This process is also potentially compatible to any state-of-art vacuum process for other electronic devices wafers and heterostructured nanoparticles manufacturing.
A Genome of Temperate Enterococcus Bacteriophage Placed in a Space of Pooled Viral Dark Matter Sequences

In the human gut, temperate bacteriophages interact with bacteria through predation and horizontal gene transfer. Relying on taxonomic data, metagenomic studies have associated shifts in phage abundance with a number of human diseases. The temperate bacteriophage VEsP-1 with siphovirus morphology was isolated from a sample of river water using Enterococcus faecalis as a host. Starting from the whole genome sequence of VEsP-1, we retrieved related phage genomes in blastp searches of the tail protein and large terminase sequences, and blastn searches of the whole genome sequences, with matches compiled from several different databases, and visualized a part of viral dark matter sequence space. The genome network and phylogenomic analyses resulted in the proposal of a novel genus “Vespunovirus”, consisting of temperate, mainly metagenomic phages infecting Enterococcus spp.
Explicit Solutions to Some Problems of Optimal Stopping

Suppose we are allowed to view successively as many terms as we please of a sequence Xi, X2, * * * of independent random variables with common distribution F. We can decide to stop viewing at any time and if we decide to stop at time n, we receive the payoff (Xi + * * * + X, )/n. How should we choose a stopping rule in order to maximize the expected payoff? This problem was introduced [5] in the context of inducing an illusory bias by selectively stopping an ESP experiment. Based on their general theory of optimal stopping rules, Y. S. Chow and Herbert Robbins [9] succeeded in proving that an optimal rule exists when F is a two point distribution. They also proved the intuitively obvious but nontrivial fact that the unique minimal optimal rule is to stop at the first n at which Xi + * * * + X. _ O ,, where ,B, B2, . is a sequence of numbers, and gave a way to calculate 0. in principle. Aryeh Dvoretzky [14], and also H. Teicher and J. Wolfowitz [25] then proved that the same results hold for any F with finite second moment (the ,B's depend on F, of course). Dvoretzky also showed that if F has zero mean and unit variance then 0.32 0 is sampled continuously and stopping at time t gets the payoff W (t)/ (a + t). Dvoretzky pointed out that if a > 0 there exists an optimal stopping time. We show that there is a unique optimal stopping time and we find it explicitly: it is the first time r that W (r) = a (a + r)I (the same a as above). The expected payoff under the optimal rule is also given explicitly (Theorem 1). Except for the constant a, the parabolic form of the boundary determining r is easily guessed by using the invariance of W under a change of scale. a can then be determined by using the "principle of smooth fit," due to Herman Chernoff and others for various special problems and treated carefully and in some generality by B. I. Grigelionis and A. N. Shiryaev [18]. However, to prove the optimality of r rigorously we use a different approach, based on the fundamental Wald identity and on the work of Chow, Robbins, and Dvoretzky. The continuous time problem discussed above is basically similar to the familiar Wald sequential probability ratio problem where, again on heuristic considerations of homogeneity, the optimal stopping rule is given in terms of a pair of
A study on the correlation between patellofemoral joint morphology and early patella malacia in young adults: quantitative analysis based on magnetic resonance

Background The aim of this study was to quantitatively measure the morphology of the patellofemoral joint by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in young adults, to investigate the relationship between the morphology of the patellofemoral joint and chondromalacia patellae (CP), and to provide an imaging reference for early clinical diagnosis of CP. Methods A total of 57 cases of CP and 138 cases of normal knees were retrospectively collected and assigned to the CP group and control group, respectively. The morphological parameters of the patellofemoral joint were measured systematically. The statistical software SPSS 22.0 was used in correlation analysis. Logistic regression was used for univariate analysis. A P value <0.05 was defined as statistically significant. Results Wiberg index, patellar depth, and the lateral angle of the patella in the CP group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P=0.043, 0.001, 0.040, respectively). The width of the medial side of the trochlea, the ratio of the internal and external articular surfaces of the trochlea, the depth of the trochlea, and the inclination angle of the lateral trochlea in the CP group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P=0.003, 0.020, 0.000, 0.040, respectively), whereas the angle of the trochlea in the CP group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P=0.010). The lateral patellofemoral angle (LPA) and lateral patellofemoral contact width in the CP group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P=0.010, 0.010, respectively). In the CP group, with gender as a covariate, there were significant statistical differences between male and female in patellar depth, lateral patellar inclination angle, lateral trochlear inclination (LTI) angle, and lateral patellar contact surface width (P<0.05), whereas in the control group, there were significant differences in Wiberg index, patellar depth, medial trochlear width, and lateral patellofemoral contact surface width between male and female gender (P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of CP in women was significantly higher than that in men and the reduction of trochlea width and the patella depth is an important factor for the incidence of female CP. Morphological characteristics of the patellofemoral joint are significantly correlated with the occurrence of CP in young adults.
The structure of brightest cluster members. III: cD envelopes

Single-band photographic and CCD surface photometry is used to determine luminosity and structural properties of the extended, faint envelopes around 27 cD galaxies. The distribution of envelope light follows a similar slope as other cluster luminous material. Several correlations between envelope luminosity and cluster properties substantiate arguments for the dynamical formation of envelopes. A correlation between underlying galaxy luminosity and envelope luminosity implies a parallel but separate process between the growth of the first-ranked elliptical by mergers and cD envelope formation. Strong color gradients, in particular the blue disk colors as predicted by other studies, were not found upon examination of multicolor profiles for three cD envelopes. 50 references.
QUANTITATIVE, THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE GLOBAL CORONA WITH MULTI-SPACECRAFT DIFFERENTIAL EMISSION MEASURE TOMOGRAPHY

A previous paper (Frazin et al. 2005b) introduced the concept of differential emission measure tomography (DEMT), which is a three-dimensional (3D) extension of the classical differential emission measure technique for determining the distribution of temperatures in a volume of plasma. The information for the reconstruction in the three spatial dimensions is provided by solar rotation and/or multi-spacecraft views. This paper describes, quantitatively, the procedure for implementing DEMT with data from NASA's STEREO/EUVI instrument, including the radiometry, line-of-sight geometry, and image preparation steps. An example of a quantitative, multiband, 3D reconstruction and local differential emission measure curves are given, and it is demonstrated that, when applicable, DEMT is a simple 3D analysis tool that obviates the need for structure-specific modeling.
Differentially Private Average Consensus With Logarithmic Dynamic Encoding–Decoding Scheme

This article is concerned with the differentially private average consensus (DPAC) problem for a class of multiagent systems with quantized communication. By constructing a pair of auxiliary dynamic equations, a logarithmic dynamic encoding–decoding (LDED) scheme is developed and then utilized during the process of data transmission, thereby eliminating the effect of quantization errors on the consensus accuracy. The primary purpose of this article is to establish a unified framework that integrates the convergence analysis, the accuracy evaluation, and the privacy level for the developed DPAC algorithm under the LDED communication scheme. By means of the matrix eigenvalue analysis method, the Jury stability criterion, and the probability theory, a sufficient condition (with respect to the quantization accuracy, the coupling strength, and the communication topology) is first derived to ensure the almost sure convergence of the proposed DPAC algorithm, and the convergence accuracy and privacy level are thoroughly investigated by resorting to the Chebyshev inequality and $\epsilon $ -differential privacy index. Finally, simulation results are provided to illustrate the correctness and validity of the developed algorithm.
Monoenergetic ion drop‐off in the inner magnetosphere

A monoenergetic drop-off of ions around 10 keV, which we term as “ion drop-off band” (IDB) in this paper, has been observed by Akebono. The IDB is identified as a sharp and deep dip at about 10 keV in ion spectra, which is usually observed at latitudes below the discrete auroral region over several degrees or more. As the ion motion of this energy in this inner part of the magnetosphere is basically described by the adiabatic theory, we have numerically traced the ion drift trajectories. From the results, it is proposed that the lower-energy boundary of the drop-off demarcates the open/closed character of the drift orbits, only below which continuous supply from the magnetotail is present. This model explains the energy, local time, and latitudinal extent of IDB as well as the formation of its poleward edge very well.
Domany-Kinzel Model of Directed Percolation: Formulation as a Random-Walk Problem and Some Exact Results

It is shown that the directed percolation on certain two-dimensional lattices, in which the occupation probability is unity along one spatial direction, is related to a random-walk problem, and is therefore exactly solvable. As an example, the case of the triangular lattice is solved. It is also shown that the square-lattice solution obtained previously by Domany and Kinzel can be derived using Minkowski's "taxicab geometry. "
Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Endophytic Fungi from the Meliaceae Family

Meliaceae plants are found worldwide in tropical or subtropical climates. They are important ethnobotanically as sources of traditional medicine, with 575 species and 51 genera. Previous research found that microorganisms are plant pioneers to produce secondary metabolites with diverse compound structures and bioactivities. Several plants of the Meliaceae family contain secondary metabolites isolated from endophytic fungi. Furthermore, related articles from 2002 to 2022 were collected from SciFinder, Google Scholar, and PubMed. About 276 compounds were isolated from endophytic fungi such as terpenoids, polyketides, lactones, pyrones, quinone, anthraquinones, xanthones, coumarines, isocoumarines, resorcylic acid lactones, cytochalasins, aromatics, ester, quinols, alkaloids, nitro compound, fatty acids, and sugars with bioactivities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-influenza, neuroprotective activities, anti-HIV, cytotoxic, allelopathic, anti-inflammatory, antifeedant effects, and BSLT toxicity. Meanwhile, secondary metabolites isolated from endophytic fungi were reported as one of the sources of active compounds for medicinal chemistry. This comprehensive review summarizes the ethnobotanical uses and secondary metabolites derived from Meliaceae endophytic fungi.
Undrained capacity of circular shallow foundations on two-layer clays under combined VHMT loading

Wind turbines are typically designed based on fatigue and serviceability limit states, but still require an accurate assessment of bearing capacity. Overconsolidated clay deposits in Canada often have a thin layer of crust with a relatively high undrained shear strength. However, existing bearing capacity design methods do not consider surficial crusts. This paper studies the undrained VHMT (vertical, horizontal, moment, and torsional) failure envelope of circular foundations founded on a surficial crust underlain by a uniform soil using finite element analysis. Crust correction factors have been introduced to account for the effects of the stiff layer on the vertical and moment capacities. The same forms of equation that are used for uniform soils, but with different parameters provide satisfactory fits for the failure envelopes for a soil with a crustal layer. An analytical expression for the 4-D VHMT failure envelope is derived, and an application of this method is provided.
Contrast mechanisms in cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy of GaSb/GaAs type-II nanostructures

Cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy results on GaSb quantum wells and dots in GaAs are found to exhibit a narrow, sharply defined contrast of the nanostructure at negative sample bias, but a smoothly broadened contrast at positive sample bias. This contrast is related to the specific type-II band alignment of GaSb/GaAs heterostructures in combination with tip-induced band bending. The corresponding model is quantitatively verified by numerical simulations of band bending and tunnel current profiles combined with calculations of cleavage-induced strain relaxation.
Exergy analysis of a steam power plant: a case study in Iran

In the last decades, exergy analysis, based on the second law of thermodynamics was a method that substituted the energy analysis in studying thermodynamic systems. In this paper, the cycle of a power plant and its details, with two kinds of fuels, natural gas and diesel, have been analysed at its maximum load and the two factors, losses and exergy efficiency, which are the basic factors used to study systems, have been analysed. The results show that the boiler of a power plant is the most effective section in eliminating exergy. In case of energy analysis, condenser losses the most of heat. The losses and exergy efficiency of the processes of the boiler including heat transfer and combustion were studied, and the effect of changes in the inner conditions of the boiler and the effects of the environmental conditions on the efficiency were scrutinised. The exergy analysis of the boiler shows that heat transfer processes involve more exergy destruction than combustion processes.
Pleurotus eryngii Chips—Chemical Characterization and Nutritional Value of an Innovative Healthy Snack

Nowadays, as the pandemic has reshaped snacking behaviors, and consumers have become more health-conscious, the need for the incorporation of “healthy snacking” in our diets has emerged. Although there is no agreed-upon definition of “healthy snacking”, dietary guidelines refer to snack foods with high nutritional and biological value. The aim of this study was to chemically characterize and determine the nutritional value of an innovative UVB-irradiated and baked snack from Pleurotus eryngii mushrooms. P. eryngii is an edible mushroom native to the Mediterranean basin. We applied proximate composition, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and macro and trace elements analyses. Also, we computed indices to assess the nutritional quality of food, and we evaluated the sensory characteristics of the mushroom snack. We found high nutritional, consumer, and biological values for the snack. More specifically it was low in calories, high in fibre and protein, low in lipids, without added sugars, and high in ergosterol and beta-glucans. Additionally, it had some vitamins and trace elements in significant quantities. Its NRF9.3 score was considerably high compared to most popular snacks, and the snack exhibited high hypocholesterolemic and low atherogenic and thrombogenic potentials. In conclusion, as a result of UVB-irradiation and baking of P. eryngii mushrooms, the snack’s nutritional and biological value were not affected; instead, it provided a “healthy snacking” option.
Vitamin A- and D-Deficient Diets Disrupt Intestinal Antimicrobial Peptide Defense Involving Wnt and STAT5 Signaling Pathways in Mice

Vitamin A and D deficiencies are associated with immune modulatory effects and intestinal barrier impairment. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. C57BL/6J mice were fed either a diet lacking in vitamin A (VAd), vitamin D (VDd) or a control diet (CD) for 12 weeks. Gut barrier function, antimicrobial peptide (AMP) defense and regulatory pathways were assessed. VAd mice compared to CD mice showed a reduced villus length in the ileum (p < 0.01) and decreased crypt depth in the colon (p < 0.05). In both VAd- and VDd-fed mice, ileal α-defensin 5 (p < 0.05/p < 0.0001 for VAd/VDd) and lysozyme protein levels (p < 0.001/p < 0.0001) were decreased. Moreover, mRNA expression of lysozyme (p < 0.05/p < 0.05) and total cryptdins (p < 0.001/p < 0.01) were reduced compared to controls. Furthermore, matrix metalloproteinase-7 (Mmp7) mRNA (p < 0.0001/p < 0.001) as well as components of the Wnt signaling pathway were decreased. VAd- and VDd-fed mice, compared to control mice, exhibited increased expression of pro-inflammatory markers and β-defensins in the colon. Organoid cell culture confirmed that vitamins A and D regulate AMP expression, likely through the Jak/STAT5 signaling pathway. In conclusion, our data show that vitamin A and D regulate intestinal antimicrobial peptide defense through Wnt and STAT5 signaling pathways.
Relative stability and elastic properties of hcp, bcc, and fcc beryllium under pressure

Ab initio electronic-structure calculations, based on the density-functional theory and the full-potential linear-muffin-tin-orbital method, were used to predict crystal-sructure phase stabilities and elastic constants of beryllium under compression. Specific energies, pressures, elastic constants, and Debye temperatures for three crystal structures, hcp, bcc, and fcc, were calculated over a wide volume range. In agreement with experiments and previous theoretical calculations, the hcp ground state is obtained at ambient conditions and the bcc ground state is found at high pressure and ambient temperature, with the predicted $\mathrm{hcp}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{bcc}$ phase transition at about 2.7 Mbar. A possible phase diagram of beryllium, including hcp, bcc, and fcc phases is constructed in the $(P,T)$ plane.
Influence of short-range adatom-adatom interactions on the surface diffusion of Cu on Cu ( 111 )

The EAM potential set up by Mishin et al. [Phys. Rev. B 63 224106 (2001)] is used to study some elementary processes in the homoepitaxy of Cu on Cus111d. After having checked its ability to reproduce surface physical quantities, this potential is applied to an investigation of the energetics, the vibrations and the surface diffusion of CuN close-packed adislands s1oNo7d. In each case we determine the most stable configurations, the corresponding activation barriers, the local vibrational spectra, and the Vineyard prefactors. In particular it is found that, at room temperature, dimers and trimers are still very mobile and move by concerted jumps much faster than tetramers while heptamers can be considered as immobile. The very good agreement of our results with scanning tunneling microscopy observations justifies the use of Mishin et al. potential for treating surface diffusion. This allowed us to study in details the influence of the lateral atomic environment of the adatoms along its diffusion path. An effective lateral pair interaction model is set up which is able to predict the existence of a saddle point along the path and to give a very good estimation of the activation barrier height. This model will be very useful in kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of homoepitaxial growth of Cus111d.
Multiple canopy opening effects on recruited saplings in a typhoon‐disturbed tropical rainforest, Taiwan

To investigate the influence of multiple canopy openings on the composition and diversity of recruited saplings in a forest frequently disturbed by typhoons. We conducted tree‐by‐tree censuses (diameter at breast height ≥ 1 cm) and mapped gaps (canopy height < 5 m) in 1993, 2000, 2008, and 2013 in a tropical mountain zonal foothill evergreen broad‐leaved forest in Nanjenshan Nature Reserve, Taiwan. We analyzed the composition and diversity of recruited saplings within a 2.1 ha plot (840 sampling quadrats (5 m × 5 m)) with variable numbers of canopy openings recorded during the study period. Composition of recruited saplings was dissimilar between quadrats that stayed opened and those that stayed closed throughout the study period (pairwise similarity estimates C02 = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.38–0.66). The quadrats under closed canopy had high diversity when weighting rare species (species richness), whereas quadrats with one or two gap opening records during the past 20 years had high diversity when weighting the abundance of species. Although canopy openings provided establishment conditions for saplings of some shade‐intolerant species, due to the nature of small gap size, such habitats do not favor the dominance of shade‐intolerant species. Even in a frequently disturbed forest, species composition and richness of recruited saplings were mainly contributed by shade‐tolerant species. Although multiple canopy openings facilitated the establishment of shade‐intolerant species, species diversity in the study forests is possibly mainly mediated by coexistence mechanisms of those shade‐tolerant species rather than light‐gap‐related species strategies.