Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficiency improvement of GaN-on-silicon thin-film light-emitting diodes with optimized via-like n-electrodes

This work reports a significant improvement in efficiency by optimizing the via-like n-electrode architecture design of a GaN-based thin-film LED grown on a 6-inch silicon substrate. The external quantum efficiency of the as-fabricated 1.1 mm × 1.1 mm via-thin-film LED chip at 350 mA was increased by 11.3% compared to that of a vertical thin-film LED chip with a conventional finger-like n-electrode. Detailed analysis of encapsulation gain and false color emission patterns illustrated that the significantly improved LED performance was due to enhanced light extraction efficiency and more uniform current spreading, both of which can be attributed to the optimized via-thin-film chip structure. Minimizing the light loss at the periphery of the Ag mirror was demonstrated to be a critical factor for improving light extraction, rather than simply replacing the finger-like n-electrodes with via-like ones. After encapsulation, the median blue lamp power and the wall-plug efficiency of the via-thin-film LED at 350 mA reached 659 mW and 63.7%, respectively.
Reanalysis of the Ionospheric Total Electron Content Anomalies Around the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki and 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes: Lack of a Clear Precursor of Large Earthquakes

We investigate the veracity of the reports by Iwata and Umeno (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016ja023036) and Iwata and Umeno (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017ja023921), both of which claimed that the observed perturbations in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)‐based ionospheric total electron content (TEC) could serve as a "precursor" of large earthquakes based on correlation analysis. Iwata and Umeno (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016ja023036) defined a spatial correlation of residuals between the observed and predicted TEC time series. They reported that the correlation value is significantly larger before large earthquakes than those observed during non‐earthquake periods. Iwata and Umeno (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017ja023921), who applied the same method to other large earthquake, claimed that the preseismic ionospheric disturbances can be distinguished from other non‐earthquake phenomena based on the small percentage of area where the correlation value exceeds the criterion. They also claimed that the low propagation velocity of the correlation peaks is also a preseismic characteristic. Here we tested their claims using a larger data set. As a result, these three characteristics they claimed to have captured as evidence of earthquake precursors are not significant being frequently observed during normal (nonearthquake) days. In addition to that, the criteria of Iwata and Umeno (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017ja023921) cannot be applied to the large earthquake discussed by Iwata and Umeno (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016ja023036), and vice versa. Therefore, we can find no basis for claiming that they detected precursors to the earthquakes. The calculation procedure of the correlation function shows that the value is more of an indicator that amplifies small variations synchronized between nearby stations, like medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances rather than earthquake precursors.
The Comparison of the Chemical Composition, Sensory, Phenolic and Antioxidant Properties of Juices from Different Wheatgrass and Turfgrass Species

Wheatgrass juice is mainly derived from the common wheat Triticum aestivum L. The present study focused on the analysis of the potential of different perennial turfgrass species in grass juice production by determining certain compositional characteristics. The effects of fertilisers on the plants and the cutting time on some chemical constituents and antioxidant potential of grass juices were addressed. The juices from the different species of grasses, such as T. durum , T. aestivum , Lolium perenne L. , Festuca arundinacea Schreb. were obtained by pressing. DPPH (1, 1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, elemental composition, total chlorophylls, total carotenes, tocopherols, vitamin C, total phenols, viscosity and the colour profiles of the grass juice samples were analysed. Water-soluble dry matter, protein, total phenols, flavonoids and vitamin E (especially Durum cultivar) content were found to be higher in the juices of Triticum species as compared to the other grasses. Turfgrass species demonstrated higher concentrations of oil (in grass), vitamin C (unfertilised samples), chlorophyll (except L. perenne local) and major elements. The pressing of turfgrass was an easy process. Such perennial grass varieties have advantages over the Triticum species in terms of having higher concentrations of vitamin C (unfertilised samples) and major elements. The results of sensory analysis suggested that L. perenne (cultivar) is the most promising cultivar in terms of obtaining pressed grass juice.
Laser-induced damage resistance enhancement of fused silica optics by rapid laser micromachining

The issue of laser-induced damage on critical components emerges as a bottleneck that limits the high-power or high-energy laser systems, especially for the fused silica optics used in ultraviolet light. Sub-surface defects such as microcracks and impurities on fused silica optics have been discovered as damage precursors and determine the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the optics. Under the state-of-the-art advanced mitigation processes (AMP) and laser conditioning, only a few destructive damage sites that grow rapidly with successive shots still exist on a large-aperture fused silica optic. Therefore, we propose a method of selectively eliminating the destructive damage sites on fused silica optics by laser micromachining and consequently lead to a significant enhancement of LIDT in this paper. The removal of a damage site is implemented by precisely shaping the destructive damage site into an optically benign cone of special design using a femtosecond laser, with a subsequent CO2-laser-polishing process to reduce the roughness. Compared with previous methods, the thermal effect on the processed region is dramatically reduced because of the nonthermal ablation by a femtosecond laser. Through optimizing the parameters of laser micromachining, a typical damage site is eliminated and replaced with a designed cone of excellent quality. The manufactured cone typically has a smooth wall with a slope angle of 12°, a diameter of 800 μm, and a negligible raised rim with a height of 14.5 nm (∼ λ/25 @ 355 nm). By employing the raster scan LIDT test procedure, several fused silica optics processed by laser micromachining are investigated and a laser-induced damage threshold (@ 355 nm, 1.6 ns) higher than 14 J/cm2 and 10 J/cm2 on the input surface and output surface are discovered, respectively. Furthermore, the downstream light intensification is proven to be trivial in the absence of a detrimental high-intensity central spot, owing to the ultra-low raised rim. These results demonstrate that rapid laser micromachining is an effective way to improve laser-induced damage resistance of fused silica optics and eventually enhance the performance of high-power or high-energy laser systems.
IMPACT OF THE NATURE OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND RESPONSES TO POLICIES REGARDING SOLAR AND WIND PRICING: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF THE AUSTRALIAN ELECTRICITY MARKETS

The present study employed various qualitative techniques to investigate the nature and influence of policies and regulations concerning solar and wind pricing on the Australian electricity spot and options markets. The analysis was based on data gathered through interviews conducted with energy managers, chief executive officers and other significant personnel from the Australian electricity industry. The interviewees’ responses regarding the solar and wind policies of relevance to the Australian electricity markets were examined, and the thick and in-depth content data derived from the interviews were used to examine how their views and personal politics influenced pricing within the electricity markets. The results suggest that renewable energy policies lower the electricity prices, reduce the risks for investors and also result in larger deployment mechanisms.
Lost Control Driving Home: A Dual-Pathway Model of Self-Control Work Demands and Commuter Driving

This research contributes to theory on self-control at work through applying and extending the limited-capacity model of self-control to examine the extent to which daily self-control work demands predict self-control failure and driving behavior during the commute after work. We develop a dual-pathway model in which resisting-distractions demands and impulse-control demands at work have unique relationships with speeding behavior via two separate pathways of self-control failure: one reflecting a failure to regulate attention and the other reflecting a failure to suppress impulses, which is moderated by negative affect. In two studies of daily work experiences and driving behavior, we find support for our model, over and above the effects of cognitive and affective work demands, postwork fatigue, and motivation. We discuss the implications of our findings in relation to the concept of self-control work demands and self-control depletion theory. Our findings also contribute to research on the links between work and commuting, and driving commuting most specifically, which is important because work-to-driving spillover represents a substantive safety issue for organizations.
Landslide and Wildfire Susceptibility Assessment in Southeast Asia Using Ensemble Machine Learning Methods

Southeast Asia (SEA) is a region affected by landslide and wildfire; however, few studies on susceptibility modeling for the two hazards together have been conducted for this region, and the intersection and the uncertainty of the two hazards are rarely assessed. Thus, the intersection of landslide and wildfire susceptibility and the spatial uncertainty of the susceptibility maps were studied in this paper. Reliable landslide and wildfire susceptibility maps are necessary for disaster management and land use planning. This work used three advanced ensemble machine learning algorithms: RF (Random Forest), GBDT (Gradient Boosting Decision Tree) and AdaBoost (Adaptive Boosting) to assess the landslide and wildfire susceptibility for SEA. A geo-database was established with 2759 landslide locations, 1633 wildfire locations and 18 predictor variables in total. The performances of the models were assessed using the overall classification accuracy (ACC), Precision, the area under the ROC (receiver operating curve) (AUC) and confusion matrix values. The results showed RF performs superior in both landslide (ACC = 0.81, Precision = 0.78 and AUC= 0.89) and wildfire (ACC= 0.83, Precision = 0.83 and AUC = 0.91) susceptibility modeling, followed by GBDT and AdaBoost. The overall superiority of RF over other models indicates that it is potentially an efficient model for landslide and wildfire susceptibility mapping. The landslide and wildfire susceptibility were obtained using the RF model. This paper also conducted an overlay analysis of the two hazards. The uncertainty of the susceptibility was further assessed using the coefficient of variation (CV). Additionally, the distance to roads is relatively important in both landslide and wildfire susceptibility, which is the most important in landslides and the second most important in wildfires. The result of this paper is useful for mastering the whole situation of hazard susceptibility and proves that RF is a robust model in the hazard susceptibility assessment in SEA.
Connection between Galaxies and H i in Circumgalactic and Intergalactic Media: Variation according to Galaxy Stellar Mass and Star Formation Activity

This paper systematically investigates the comoving megaparsec-scale intergalactic medium (IGM) environment around galaxies traced by the Lyα forest. Using our cosmological hydrodynamic simulations, we investigate the IGM–galaxy connection at z = 2 by two methods: (i) cross-correlation analysis between galaxies and the fluctuation of Lyα forest transmission (δ F) and (ii) comparison of the overdensity of neutral hydrogen (H i) and galaxies. Our simulations reproduce observed cross-correlation functions (CCFs) between Lyα forest and Lyman-break galaxies. We further investigate the variation of the CCF using subsamples divided by dark matter halo mass (M DH), galaxy stellar mass (M ⋆), and star formation rate (SFR) and find that the CCF signal becomes stronger with increasing M DH, M ⋆, and SFR. The CCFs between galaxies and gas density fluctuation are also found to have similar trends. Therefore, the variation of δ F–CCF depending on M DH, M ⋆, and SFR is due to varying gas densities around galaxies. We find that the correlation between galaxies and the IGM H i distribution strongly depends on M DH as expected from linear theory. Our results support the ΛCDM paradigm, confirming a spatial correlation between galaxies and IGM H i, with more massive galaxies being clustered in higher-density regions.
Believing and sharing misinformation, fact-checks, and accurate information on social media: The role of anxiety during COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic went hand in hand with what some have called a “(mis)infodemic” about the virus on social media. Drawing on partisan motivated reasoning and partisan selective sharing, this study examines the influence of political viewpoints, anxiety, and the interactions of the two on believing and willingness to share false, corrective, and accurate claims about COVID-19 on social media. A large-scale 2 (emotion: anxiety vs relaxation) × 2 (slant of news outlet: MSNBC vs Fox News) experimental design with 719 US participants shows that anxiety is a driving factor in belief in and willingness to share claims of any type. Especially for Republicans, a state of heightened anxiety leads them to believe and share more claims. Our findings expand research on partisan motivated reasoning and selective sharing in online settings, and enhance the understanding of how anxiety shapes individuals’ processing of risk-related claims in issue contexts with high uncertainty.
Required Plug Strength for Continuously Poured Cemented Paste Backfill in Longhole Stopes

Continuously poured paste backfill dramatically improves underground mining efficiency through reduced stope cycle time and simplified logistics. For longhole stopes, a backfill “plug” is poured to a few meters above the undercut brow and must gain sufficient strength to prevent failure through the plug when the “main” pour begins. A novel, rational engineering design approach that determines the required plug strength is developed. The potential failure mechanism during continuous pouring is identified and the theoretical solution and its numerical validation/calibration are discussed. Four field case histories are then used, three of them involving continuous pours, to demonstrate the theoretical solution’s validity in back-analysis. These case studies are unique in the extent and quality of total stress and water pressure measurements made throughout backfilling. Additionally, comprehensive laboratory data are available to characterize strength development during binder hydration in the first few days, which are critical to the back-analyses. Results indicate that continuous backfilling is feasible with reasonably attainable backfill strengths at most mines. However, mines must undertake comprehensive early strength laboratory testing, and must carry out field measurements during the pour to ensure the placed backfill behaviour is consistent with the analysis assumptions.
Home Language Environment and Executive Functions in Mexican American and Chinese American Preschoolers in Head Start

ABSTRACT Research Findings: Using two groups of dual language learners (DLLs), the current study examined links between two developmental constructs closely linked to school readiness: the home language environment (HLE) and executive function (EF). In a sample of 90 children (age range = 38–70 months, 59% girls) from either Mexican American (MA, N = 46) or Chinese American (CA, N = 44) low-income families enrolled in Head Start preschool programs, parents reported on their HLE (home language balance, home English/heritage language activities) and children’s EF (inhibitory control and attention shifting) was measured by cognitive tasks. Findings showed preschool-aged DLLs in low-income immigrant families received more heritage language exposure relative to English language exposure at home. Several demographic variables (parental education, per capita income, DLL group, child age of English acquisition, child generation, child English receptive vocabulary) were related to various aspects of HLE. Controlling for covariates, the amount of heritage language activities at home was uniquely and positively related to children’s attention shifting. Practice or Policy: The findings underscore the importance of incorporating language background considerations when designing intervention programs that target HLE and EF in low-income DLLs.
Brazilian foreign policy in health during Ddilma Rrousseff's administration (2011-2014)

This article analyses changes and continuities in Brazilian international actions in the field of public health, aiming at understanding how the Brazilian foreign policy in health during President Dilma Rousseff's first term (2011-2014) was developed. Available data from President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva (2003-2010) years and Dilma's first term were used for comparative purposes. Emphasis was given on South-South cooperation projects, more specifically the Union of South American Countries (USAN, Union de Naciones Suramericanas - Unasur) and to the Community of Portuguese-speaking Countries (CPLP). Brazilian behavior in international fora, such as the World Health Organization, was analyzed as well, with the purpose of understanding how such behavior evolved. In addition, domestic issues were considered. In this case, the coordination among different actors of the Brazilian Executive Power received due attention. Findings suggest that there has been downfall and even decline in the Government's foreign health policy.
Contribution of Pd Membrane to Dehydrogenation of Isobutane Over a New Mesoporous Cr/MCM-41 Catalyst

Abstract A chromium incorporated mesoporous silicate structured Cr/MCM-41 type catalyst was synthesized following a one-pot hydrothermal route and tested in dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobutene in a Pd membrane reactor. Characterization results of the catalyst proved that it had ordered pore structure with a narrow pore size distribution. This catalyst showed quite high activity for the dehydrogenation of isobutane. Membrane reactor tests performed at 823 K proved the advantages of in-situ removal of produced hydrogen from the reaction zone through the membrane, on isobutene yield. In fact, much higher isobutane conversions than the conversion values predicted from the equilibrium calculations were achieved at this temperature. However, at a higher temperature of 873 K, the Pd membrane itself also showed catalytic activity for the decomposition of isobutane and isobutene. As a result, lower isobutene selectivity values and quite high methane and propene selectivities were observed at this temperature. Cracking reactions also caused coke formation at 873 K, especially at high pressure differences across the membrane (70 kPa). Increase of pressure difference across the membrane caused fast removal of hydrogen from the reaction zone, which facilitated coke formation due to cracking reactions.
Demographic Factors of Corporate E-learning among E-learners in an Oil and Gas Company

Organizations that use e-learning as a tool to educate their employees have either reaped the benefits or struggled with its implementation. The dominant reason for this is corporate e-learning overlaps the organizational, human, and technological aspects of learning. Previous research has compartmentalized the research by studying these three aspects separately, so there is little insight on how these variables affect corporate e-learning. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the levels and differences of organizational learning, e-learning quality, and e-learning use according to the demographic groups of corporate e-learners in a Malaysian oil and gas company. A quantitative survey method was applied to collect data from 261 participants using a 5-point Likert Scale questionnaire. The results revealed the level of overall organizational learning, elearning quality, and e-learning use was moderate. Furthermore, organizational learning, e-learning quality, and e-learning use were significantly different for gender, department, and job position demographic groups. However, age and working experience did not show a significant difference for these variables. The findings from this study provide a bottom-up insight to stakeholders and managers when investing in and implementing e-learning at the organization.
The Role of Nutrition Education in School-age Children in the Prevention of Global Obesity Epidemic

BACKGROUND: The scientific field of nutrition education in schools is not expandly studied. METHODS: This research adopted the literature review of 17 studies about nutrition, healthy eating, and the relationship between students and teachers. RESULTS: In total 6 countries have been overviewed (Finland, Canada, Latin America's countries, Norway, France, and Japan) and Lithuania which is given as an example with very little information. Most subjects were children; however, there is information about youth, adolescents, and pre-school teachers. According to the data few studies showed beneficial and positive results about nutrition education which exists, but other studies defined negative information or no information about nutrition education only about outcomes from no nutritional education or bad influences around schools, like mobile vendors that increase obesity and bad nutritional habits in children. CONCLUSIONS: Nutrition education poses a crucial key role in all scales of education system in terms of the prevention of global obesity epidemic. Extended epidemiological surveys are needed for achieving updated scientific data.