Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring Deceptive Design Patterns in Voice Interfaces

Deceptive design patterns (sometimes called “dark patterns”) are user interface design elements that may trick, deceive, or mislead users into behaviors that often benefit the party implementing the design over the end user. Prior work has taxonomized, investigated, and measured the prevalence of such patterns primarily in visual user interfaces (e.g., on websites). However, as the ubiquity of voice assistants and other voice-assisted technologies increases, we must anticipate how deceptive designs will be (and indeed, are already) deployed in voice interactions. This paper makes two contributions towards characterizing and surfacing deceptive design patterns in voice interfaces. First, we make a conceptual contribution, identifying key characteristics of voice interfaces that may enable deceptive design patterns, and surfacing existing and theoretical examples of such patterns. Second, we present the findings from a scenario-based user survey with 93 participants, in which we investigate participants’ perceptions of voice interfaces that we consider to be both deceptive and non-deceptive.
What Cookie Consent Notices Do Users Prefer: A Study In The Wild

Laws like GDPR in the EU mandated all websites operating in their jurisdiction to obtain users’ informed consent before tracking those users and collecting their data. Today, this is achieved by showing users cookie consent notices. These notices are ubiquitous (often permeating the geographical boundaries of GDPR enforcement), even though their exact user interface (UI) designs vary. These designs are provided by Consent Management Platforms (CMPs) to different websites, effectively resulting in a handful of cookie consent notice designs being shown to a majority of internet users. Naturally, not all designs are uniformly liked by the users. Thus the first step of improving cookie consent notice UI design and moving to a better consent mechanism is to understand whether users prefer one design over another in the wild and why. To answer these questions, in this work, we conduct an in the wild comparative survey with 98 participants where 64.3% of the participants were from the EU (i.e., GDPR is applicable), and the rest were self-reported to be located outside of the EU. In this within-subjects study, our participants ranked five different popular cookie consent UI designs (leveraged by CMPs used in Alexa UK Top500 websites) and gave rationale for their choices. Our analysis found that the slider design is statistically significantly better ranked (and thus most liked) than all other designs. Our further qualitative analysis identifies and unpacks five key design factors which impacted our participants’ liking/disliking of consent notice UI designs (as captured by the ranks given to these designs by our participants) – ease of use, amount of information, customisability, decision-making time, and clarity/transparency. We conclude this work by discussing the implications of our findings on future cookie consent notice UI designs.
Three-dimensional large-scale and very-large-scale coherent structures in a turbulent axisymmetric jet

Abstract The direct numerical simulation database from Shin et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 823, 2017, pp. 1–25) is used to study three-dimensional vortical and very-large-scale coherent structures in a turbulent round jet at a Reynolds number of $7300$. In particular, horseshoe vortices and their role in the formation of very-large-scale coherent structures in the jet near and intermediate fields are assessed. The swirling strength criterion together with conditional averaging are used to visualize volumetric vortical structures. It is shown that, similar to wall-bounded turbulent flows, the turbulent jet is populated with symmetric and asymmetric horseshoe-like vortices, which induce high-momentum and low-momentum regions in the flow. However, unlike what is found for wall-bounded flows, inverse horseshoe-like vortices are common in the turbulent jet. They prevail in the shear region around the potential core in the jet near field and contribute to the mixing of the potential core in the jet. In the jet near field, groups of axially aligned horseshoe structures induce long streaky structures, which are periodic in the azimuthal and streamwise directions. In the jet intermediate field, very-large-scale motions (VLSMs) consisting of high-momentum regions, flanked on either side by low-momentum regions, are found to be associated with groups of horseshoe vortices. Instantaneous three-dimensional flow fields suggest that horseshoe vortices tend to concatenate and form organized spiral as well as axially aligned coherent VLSMs. A detection scheme is introduced to identify and average over these VLSMs. This conditional averaging reveals that spiral VLSMs and axially aligned VLSMs constitute $72\,\%$ and $28\,\%$ of the total VLSMs, respectively.
A Degeneration Formula of GW-Invariants

This is the second part of the paper "A degeneration of stable morphisms and relative stable morphisms", (math.AG/0009097). In this paper, we constructed the relative Gromov-Witten invariants of a pair of a smooth variety and a smooth divisor. We then proved a degeneration formula of Gromov-Witten invariants, in cycle form.
Effect of selenium and methods of protein extraction on the proteomic profile of Saccharomyces yeast

Abstract Selenium may influence the biosynthesis of individual proteins in the yeast cell cytosol. In this study, we used two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis to identify proteins that are differentially expressed by the enrichment of selenium in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells. We chose eight protein fractions for further proteomic analysis. A detailed analysis was performed using the Ultraflextreme matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometer, which enables fast and accurate measurement of the molecular weight of the analysed proteins. This study, for the first time, provides evidence that selenium-enriched yeast contains higher levels of mitochondria malate dehydrogenase, adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent RNA helicase dbp3, and tryptophan dimethylallyltransferase, and alanyl-tRNA editing protein AlaX than yeast without the addition of selenium. It should be emphasised that the proteomic variability obtained reflects the high biological and complexity of yeast metabolism under control and selenium-enriched conditions and can be properly used in the future as a model for further research aimed at determining the expression of appropriate metabolic genes.
Seismic source spectra and estimated stress drop derived from cohesive-zone models of circular subshear rupture

SUMMARY Earthquake stress drops are often estimated from far-field body wave spectra using measurements of seismic moment, corner frequency and a specific theoretical model of rupture behaviour. The most widely used model is from Madariaga in 1976, who performed finitedifference calculations for a singular crack radially expanding at a constant speed and showed that ¯ f c = kβ/a, where ¯ f c is spherically averaged corner frequency, β is the shear wave speed, a is the radius of the circular source and k = 0.32 and 0.21 for P and S waves, respectively, assuming the rupture speed Vr = 0. 9β. Since stress in the Madariaga model is singular at the rupture front, the finite mesh size and smoothing procedures may have affected the resulting corner frequencies. Here, we investigate the behaviour of source spectra derived from dynamic models of a radially expanding rupture on a circular fault with a cohesive zone that prevents a stress singularity at the rupture front. We find that in the small-scale yielding limit where the cohesive-zone size becomes much smaller than the source dimension, P- and S-wave corner frequencies of far-field body wave spectra are systematically larger than those predicted by the Madariaga model. In particular, the model with rupture speed Vr = 0. 9β shows that k = 0.38 for P waves and k = 0.26 for S waves, which are 19 and 24 percent larger, respectively, than those of Madariaga. Thus for these ruptures, the application of the Madariaga model overestimates stress drops by a factor of 1.7. In addition, the large dependence of corner frequency on take-off angle relative to the source suggests that measurements from a small number of seismic stations are unlikely to produce unbiased estimates of spherically averaged corner frequency.
Strategies for Modeling Partial Pile Head Fixity in Laterally Loaded Pier Foundations

When designing pile groups subjected to lateral loading, modeling and analysis of the connections between piles and the overlying pile caps require careful consideration. For a given pier foundation, characterization of the pile-to-cap connections typically corresponds to one of: pinned (no moment transfer); fixed (moment transfer up to pile rotational capacity); or, partially fixed pile head conditions. The present study aims to provide bridge engineers with practical resources for modeling laterally loaded pile group behaviors, in association with partially fixed pile head conditions. Modeling strategies are presented for both relatively simple (i.e., highly idealized) configurations, as well as for an array of conceivable pier foundations. In particular, an analytical approach is presented, which is suitable for preliminary design of configurations analyzed in a linear elastic manner, and on a representative-pile basis. For nonlinear analysis of pile groups (including soil–structure interaction), a search algorithm is developed that converges on a given target level of partial pile head fixity and associated pile group response (e.g., group lateral displacements, pile head moments). The search algorithm is utilized to investigate 20 unique pier foundation configurations under various lateral load intensities and across target levels of partial fixity. Pairing of the computed foundation responses with the levels of partial fixity, in the ensemble, is intended to serve as a resource to bridge engineers when making initial estimates to model partially fixed pile head conditions.
Even more oak species in Mexico? Genetic structure and morphological differentiation support the presence of at least two specific entities within Quercus laeta

Differentiation among populations, sometimes despite ongoing gene exchange, is a key step in speciation. Therefore, comparison of intra‐ and interspecific differentiation patterns is of great significance to understanding speciation. The genus Quercus is an interesting system to test speciation models in the presence of gene flow, due to its weak interspecific reproductive barriers. The aim of the present study was to characterize the degree and pattern of morphological and genetic differentiation among different morphotypes in the white oak Quercus laeta, some corresponding to the previously described species Quercus centralis, Q. laeta, Quercus prinopsis, and Quercus transmontana, as well as geographically structured variation within Q. transmontana not described previously. Our goal was to evaluate if some of these can be considered distinct specific entities or are rather part of a continuum of variation. Nine microsatellite loci and two intergenic regions of chloroplast DNA were analyzed. Morphological differences were evaluated using geometric morphometrics. Chloroplast DNA showed low differentiation, suggesting introgression or sharing of ancestral haplotypes among the Q. laeta morphotypes. Nuclear microsatellites indicated differentiation into two distinct main genetic groups, which were congruent with morphological differentiation. In conclusion, nuclear markers and morphological variations suggest the existence of at least two different entities within Q. laeta.
Socio-demographic, behavioral, and mental health and wellbeing correlates of university student binge drinking: does frequency matter?

Results: Binge drinking frequency was positively associated with impulsivity, negative alcohol-related consequences, and life satisfaction and negatively associated with religiosity. “Frequent” binge drinkers (14.8%) were 2.7 times more likely to have smoked cigarettes, 1.5 times more likely to have used other drugs, 1.8 times more likely to have engaged in “risky” sex, and to have had a negative gambling-related experience than “occasional” binge drinkers (57.8%), who were, in turn, proportionally more likely to have reported these behaviors and/or experiences than non-binge drinkers (28%).
N ov 2 00 3 ON SOME CONJECTURES AND RESULTS FOR THE RIEMANN ZETA-FUNCTION AND HECKE SERIES

We investigate the pointwise and mean square order of the function Z2(s), where Zk(s) = ∫∞ 1 |ζ(12 + ix)|2kx−s dx, k ∈ N. Three conjectures involving Z2(s) and certain exponential sums of Hecke series in short intervals are formulated, which have important consequences in zeta-function theory. A new order result for Z2(s) is obtained, and the function Zk(s) is discussed. 1. Spectral theory and the function Z2(s) The spectral theory of the hyperbolic Laplacian has become increasingly important in the theory of the Riemann zeta-function ζ(s), especially in problems connected with the fourth moment of |ζ( 2 + ix)|. For a comprehensive account of this subject we refer the reader to Y. Motohashi’s monograph [15]. In this section we shall briefly state some necessary facts from spectral theory and introduce the function Z2(s), closely related to |ζ(12 + ix)|4. Let {λj = κj + 14} ∪ {0} be the discrete spectrum of the hyperbolic Laplacian ∆ = −y (( ∂ ∂x )2 + ( ∂ ∂y )2) acting over the Hilbert space composed of all Γ-automorphic functions which are square integrable with respect to the hyperbolic measure, where Γ ∼= SL(2, Z)/{+1,−1}. Let {ψj} be a maximal orthonormal system such that ∆ψj = λjψj for each j ≥ 1 and T (n)ψj = tj(n)ψj for each integer n ∈ N, where ( T (n)f ) (z) = 1 √ n ∑
Weighted BMO spaces associated to operators

Let (X,d,µ) be a space of homogeneous type and {At}t>0, be a generalized approximations to the identity, for example {At} is a holomorphic semigroup e tL with Gaussian upper bounds generated by an operators L on L 2 (X). In this paper, we introduce and study the weighted BMO space BMOA(X,w) associated to the the family {At}. We show that for these spaces, the weighted John-Nirenberg inequality holds and we establish an interpolation theorem in scale of weighted L p spaces. Then, we show that the dual space of the weighted Hardy space HL(X,w) associated to L as in [SY] is certain weighted BMO space BMOL�(X,w) associated to the adjoint operator L � . As applications, we prove the boundedness of two singular integrals with non-smooth kernels on the weighted BMO space BMOL(X,w).
DOL1-L2DIFFERENCES INDISCOURSE PROCESSINGREFLECT PROCESSINGDEMANDSORDIFFICULTYOF FORM-FUNCTION MAPPING? EVIDENCE FROM SELF-PACED LISTENING OF CONTRASTIVE PROSODY

We examined what causes L1-L2 differences in sensitivity to prominence cues in discourse processing. Participants listened to recorded stories in segment-by-segment fashion at their own pace. Each story established a pair of contrasting items, and one item from the pair was rementioned and manipulated to carry either a contrastive or presentational pitch accent. By directly comparing the current self-paced listening data to previously obtained experimenter-paced listening data, we tested whether reducing online-processing demands allows L2 learners to show a nativelike behavior, such that contrastive pitch accents facilitate later ruling out the salient alternative. However, reduced time pressure failed to lead even higher proficiency L1-Korean learners of English to reach a nativelike level, suggesting that L2 learners’ nonnativelike processing and representation of the prominence cue in spoken discourse processing can be due to the inherent difficulty of fully learning a complex formfunction mapping rather than to online-processing demands.
Circuit models for Sierpinski gasket antennas

A lumped-parameter impedor-oriented and a 2-port-network-oriented circuit models for the Sierpinski gasket prefractal antenna are presented. With the former, the voltage and current patterns give a detailed understanding of the electromagnetic fields' self-similar distribution throughout the antenna geometry; on the other hand model complexity exponentially increases with the prefractal iteration order. The latter "black-box" model only controls port-oriented global parameters which are the ones commonly used in antennas' circuit models and its complexity is independent of prefractal order. The "black-box" model is also shown to converge, at fractal limit, to a reciprocal triangular network.
Effect of DMSO on lifespan and physiology in C. elegans : Implications for use of DMSO as a solvent for compound delivery

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a solvent that has been used for basic and medical research based on its ability to dissolve both polar and non-polar compounds. In order to use DMSO to deliver compounds that may impact longevity or neurodegeneration, it is important to first determine the effects of DMSO on aging and physiology. We examined the effect of different concentrations of DMSO on lifespan and development time in C. elegans. We found that DMSO concentrations up to 2% DMSO did not affect longevity in wild-type worms, while concentrations of up to 0.5% DMSO were compatible with normal development times. 0.5% DMSO also had minimal effect on fertility and movement. In summary, our results show that concentrations of DMSO up to 0.5% can be safely used to deliver compounds to C. elegans with little or no modifying effects on lifespan or physiologic rates.
Electrostatic force analysis of electrostatic levitation system

This paper focuses in particular on the lateral electrostatic force characteristic of an electrostatic levitation system as part of the overall system dynamics. The lateral force exerted on a levitated aluminum disk, used in hard disk applications, originating from a relative translation of the disk with respect to the stator electrode, is analytically studied. Experimental results are presented in order to assess and verify the validity of the analytical solution for the electrostatic forces.
Antioxidant capacity dieers across social ranks and with ascension in males of a group-living csh

Animals that live in groups often form hierarchies in which an individual's behaviour and physiology varies based on their social rank. Occasionally, a subordinate can ascend into a dominant position and the ascending individual must make rapid behavioural and physiological adjustments to solidify their dominance. These periods of social transition and instability can be stressful and ascending individuals often incur large metabolic costs that could induence their oxidative status. Most previous investigations examining the link between oxidative status and the social environment have done so under stable social conditions and have evaluated oxidative status in a single tissue. Therefore, evaluations of how oxidative status is regulated across multiple tissues during periods of social dux would greatly enhance our understanding of the relationship between oxidative status and the social environment. Here, we assessed how antioxidant capacity in three tissues (brain, gonad, and muscle) varied among dominant, subordinate, and ascending males of the group-living cichlid csh, Neolamprologus pulcher . Antioxidant capacity in the brain and muscle of ascending males was intermediate to that of dominant (highest levels) and subordinate males (lowest levels) and correlated with differences in social and locomotor behaviours, respectively. Gonad antioxidant capacity was lower in ascending males than in dominant males. How- ever, gonad antioxidant capacity was positively correlated with the size of ascending males' gonads suggesting that ascending males may increase gonad antioxidant capacity as they develop their gonads. Overall, our results highlight the widespread physiological consequences of social ascension and emphasize the importance of tissue-specific measures of oxidative status.
Inequality in Administrative Democracy: Large-Sample Evidence from American Financial Regulation PRELIMINARY DRAFT - DO NOT CITE

Studies in inequality in American democracy typically focus upon the legislative process, largely sidestepping administrative policymaking, where rules have the eﬀect of law and where vast amounts of money and mobilization are involved. Drawing upon an original database of over 300,000 comments submitted to U.S. agencies under the Dodd-Frank Act, we document several patterns: (a) commenting is disproportionately concentrated among wealthier nonproﬁts but not wealthier for-proﬁts, (b) wealthier organizations generally advance more sophisticated comments (though the disparities emerge diﬀerently for nonproﬁts and for-proﬁts), and (c) comment inﬂuence is increasing in the wealth of the commenting organization. While ﬁnance is but one case study, its policies aﬀect tens of millions of Americans and trillions of their assets. The results suggest that inequality in the legislative process is reinforced, if not magniﬁed, in administrative government. contribution.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ATOMIC-LAYER-DEPOSITED NbTiN AND NbTiN/AlN FILMS FOR SIS MULTILAYER STRUCTURES*

SIS (superconductor-insulator-superconductor) multilayer structures are proposed designs to repel early flux penetration and ease the impact of defects in SRF cavities. The demonstration of such device physics is strongly af-fected by the film qualities – material structure and composition. Here, we characterized 100 nm NbTiN / 2 nm AlN / bulk Nb SIS structures and investigated the effect of the presence of the AlN layer on the NbTiN film properties. We find that the hcp-structured AlN layer results in a Nb composition gradient as a function of film depth, whereas the Nb concentration remains constant in the NbTiN/Nb samples, which suggests that interface mismatch could induce significant change in NbTiN composition. The surface composition variation further leads to different oxide structures, which might impact the superconducting performance. Our obser-vations indicate that the choice of the insulating layer in SIS structures is critical, and that interface mismatch together with internal strain could deteriorate the superconducting film.
Home Meal Replacement Market Segmentation: A Food-Related Life Style

The Home Meal Replacement (HMR) sector has been growing rapidly in the food industry. Due to the conveniences that the HMR product offers, the target consumers are generally busy workers and/or individuals who live alone. This study aims to investigate factors that affect the purchasing of HMR products and to formulate strategies for future HMR product sales. This study examines the effect of five independent variables: dine-out frequency, dine-out costs, and the employment status of housewives, involvement of meal preparation, and the role of overload on HMR purchase behavior. The study also examines what influences the purchasing of HMR products through different kinds of lifestyles. Surveys were conducted with a panel of housewives from major metropolitan areas in South Korea and configured by clusters according to different lifestyles. The panel of housewives was divided into four groups based on Food Related Lifestyles: Price Insensitive Group, Pride in Cooking Group, Indifference to Health Group and Against Eating Out Group. The results indicate that HMR sales target segments are consumers who tend to dine-out more and desire a low involvement in meal preparation than consumers who are busy and have less time to cook at home.