Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Gender on Oxygen Saturation of Thigh Muscles during Maximal Treadmill Exercise Testing

Currently, muscle activity can be assessed by oxygen muscle saturation (SmO2) measured with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which is a non-invasive technique that can be used in training planning and control, but more needs to be known about it. To analyse gender differences in the SmO2 of quadriceps and hamstrings, in several phases of a maximum stress test. A total of 20 subjects, with an average age of 21 years (10 males and 10 females), were the subjects of maximal treadmill exercise testing. We obtained maximum oxygen consumption (Metalyzer 3B) and monitored the electrocardiogram continuously. In addition, we measured the SmO2 of quadriceps and hamstrings in rest (R), start decline (D) and maximum effort (M), with two Humon Hex devices, one placed on the anterior side of the thigh and another on the back. Quadriceps SmO2 in males: R=59.4±11.5%; D=48.3±19.1%; M=52.5±13%. Quadriceps SmO2 in women: R=51±11.5%; D=48.5±9.4%; M=43.1±6.9%. Hamstrings SmO2 in males: R=56.2±13.1%; D=62.9±9.1%; M=57.5±13.9%. Hamstrings SmO2 in women R=56.9±18.9%; D=49.7±7.4%; M=38.2±14.6%. There are no significant differences between muscles. There are only significant differences in M in hamstrings (p-0.009). SmO2 during treadmill exercise is similar in both sexes, but the overall decrease with maximum exercise is greater in women’s hamstrings.
Influence of the Initial Sugar Concentration and Supplementation with Yeast Extract on the Succinic Acid Fermentation from Lactose Based Medium

The aim of this study was to investigate succinic acid production from lactose concentrate, a by-product of cheese-making, using Actinobacillus succinogenes and Basfia succiniciproducens. Although the capability of these strains to metabolize different sugars is already known, their application in the conversion of lactose bears high potential for optimization. With regard to B. succiniciproducens this approach is completely novel. In particular the influence of the mediums sugar concentration and its supplementation with yeast extract to prevent a lack of proteins and vitamins were examined. Lactose based media containing sugar concentrations between 20 and 65 g L-1 and 5 g L-1 yeast extract were fermented, whereby both strains showed comparable performances. The best results in succinic acid yield and acid concentration, 0.57 g g-1 initial sugar and 23 g L1, were achieved at an initial sugar concentration of 43 g L-1. The necessity of yeast extract was demonstrated using the sugar optimized medium without supplementation. As a result, yield and concentration of succinic acid dropped to 0.34 g g-1 and 13 g L-1, the sugar consumption decreased from more than 99 to less than 55 %. Therefore the supplementation amount of 5 g L-1 yeast extract can be regarded as well-balanced.
Post-Exercise Hypotension in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu

Hypertension is a leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Exercise is a widely recommended treatment strategy that has been shown to cause both acute and chronic reductions in blood pressure. This study aimed to explore the potential therapeutic effects of Brazilian jiu-jitsu training by assessing blood pressure responses during and after technical sparring. Seven Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioners (age: 24.0±3.5 years; height: 1.75±0.02 m; body mass: 76.0±4.2 kg; BMI: 24.5±0.9) were included in the study. The participants performed three five-minute technical sparring rounds. Auscultatory measurements of blood pressure were obtained at rest, one minute post-sparring, and every ten minutes for a total of 60 minutes of recovery time. Between rounds, acute increases in both systolic blood pressure (p<0.0001) and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.0001) were observed. In the subsequent recovery period, both systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure increased at the ten-minute mark compared to baseline values, but then started to gradually decline, with systolic blood pressure dropping 10.0±4.1 (p<0.0001) and diastolic blood pressure 5.0±4.1 mmHg (p=0.001) after one hour of recovery. These findings indicate that technical Brazilian jiu-jitsu sparring induces significant post-exercise decreases in blood pressure and thus may have value as a non-pharmacological treatment strategy for the prevention and management of hypertension.
Cross-Sectional Area Reference Values of Nerves in the Upper and Lower Extremities using Ultrasonography in the Indian Population

Background and Purpose: Cross-sectional area (CSA) is the most important parameter to study peripheral nerves by high-resolution ultrasonography. The aim was to acquire normative data of CSA of the main upper and lower limb nerves in the Indian population. Methods: CSA of nerves was determined in 100 healthy volunteers at 11 predetermined sites: median and ulnar at the wrist, mid-forearm, elbow; radial (spiral groove); tibial (popliteal fossa, medial malleolus); common peroneal (CPN, fibular head) and sural (lateral malleolus). Results: The mean age of participants was 40.7 ± 13.0 years (range: 18-79). Fifty were < 40 years of age. The mean height, weight and BMI were 161.5 ± 8.3 centimeters (range: 145—179), 58.6 ± 10.1 kilograms (range: 32-90) and 22.4 ± 3.2 kilogram/square meter (range: 14.03-30.44), respectively. The median and ulnar nerve measurements were non-uniform throughout its course, and the CSA was largest at the elbow and ulnar groove, respectively. With advancing age, there was a significant difference for median and ulnar nerves at the wrist (median P = 0.002, ulnar P = 0.009) and tibial nerve (popliteal fossa, P = 0.045, medial malleolus, P = 0.005), CPN (P = 0.047). Men had greater CSA of upper limb nerves and tibial nerves at popliteal fossa (P < 0.05) as compared to women. A positive correlation was noted with weight. Conclusion: It is apt for every defined population to have its own set of normative data of CSA as it varies with ethnicity, age, and the built of individuals. We provide a valuable set of CSA data for nerves in the Indian population, which can be used for comparison while investigating peripheral nerve disorders.
Atom-by-Atom Dehalogenation of a Porphyrin Molecule Adsorbed on Ag(111)

Porphyrin molecules are ubiquitous and play an important role in chemical and biological processes. Their wide panoply of functions may be controlled by modifying their peripheral substituents. Electron injection from the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope into single 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)-porphyrin-cobalt molecules adsorbed to Ag(111) was used to controllably remove Br atoms from the molecule periphery. Spectroscopy of the differential conductance, together with density functional calculations, assign spectral features to the spectroscopic signatures of molecular frontier orbitals. Different molecular orbitals are visible in the spectra of intact and dehalogenated molecules. These findings combine single-molecule chemistry with a characterization of each product’s electronic structure.
P 18. Transcranial direct current stimulation reverses stroke-induced network alterations in mice

BACKGROUND: Beyond focal effects, stroke lesions impact the function of distributed networks. We here investigated (1) whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) alters the network changes induced by cerebral ischemia and (2) whether functional network parameters predict the therapeutic efficacy of tDCS in a mouse model of focal photothrombotic stroke. METHODS: Starting 3 days after stroke, cathodal tDCS (charge density=39.6 kC/m²) was applied over 10 days in male C57Bl/6J mice under light anesthesia over the lesioned sensory-motor cortex. Functional connectivity (resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging) was evaluated for up to 28-day poststroke, with global graph parameters of network integration computed. RESULTS: Ischemia induced a subacute increase in connectivity accompanied by a significant reduction in characteristic path length, reversed by 10 days of tDCS. Early measures of functional network alterations and the network configuration at prestroke baseline predicted spontaneous and tDCS-augmented motor recovery. DISCUSSION: Stroke induces characteristic network changes throughout the brain that can be detected by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. These network changes were, at least in part, reversed by tDCS. Moreover, early markers of a network impairment and the network configuration before the insult improve the prediction of motor recovery.
THE EVOLUTION OF FEATHERS FROM DINOSAUR HAIR

The significance of finding feathered theropod dinosaurs is discussed in terms _ ofthe theories of the evolution offeathers, birds and endothermy. The plumulous proximal portion of the isolated Archaeopteryx feather suggests that endothermy had already evolved in the dinosaur· bird lineage by the Late Jurassic. It is suggested that adipose tissue would have played a major role in providing insulation in endothermic ancestral theropod dinosaurs. Small endothermic dinosaurs may have found an additional form of insulation an advantage. This may initially have evolved as"hair" in the dinosaurs, rather than the more morphologically complex branched feather. As avian epidermal appendages are composed ofthe unique <I> keratin family, it is unlikely that feathers were derived directly from archosaurian scales, but must have involved intermediate structures. It is suggested that feathers could consequently have been derived from dinosaur "hair". RESUME: La decouverte significative de dinosaures theropodes a plumes a entraine une discussion en fonction des theories sur I'evolution des plumes, des oiseaux et de I'endothermie. La partie proximale duveteuse de la plume isolee de I' Archaeopteryx suggere une evolution de I'endothermie dans la lignee dinosaure-oiseau a la fin du Jurassique. On pense que Ie tissu adipeux auraitjoue un role majeur en fournissant de la chaleur chez les dinosaures theropodes endothermes. Ainsi, les petits auraient pu en trouver un avantage supplementaire. Chez les dinosaures, il y aurait d'abord pu avoir une evolution vers des "poils" plutot que des plumes ramifiees, morphologiquement tres compliquees. Etant donne que les tissus epidermaux des animaux a plumes sont composes de I'unique famille keratine <1>, iI est improbable que les plumes aient directement derive des ecailles archosauriennes, mais ont dO faire intervenir des structures intermediaires. Par consequent, les plumes auraient pu provenir des "poi Is" de dinosaures.
An analysis of adoption

The globalisation of entities has meant that innovative ideas need to be implemented in order for businesses to grow but also to reduce costs thereby affecting the profit margins positively.Technology has advanced to such a degree that it has increased the capability to process more demanding algorithms for both video and audio technologies. This study is intended to enable a deeper insight into the adoption and diffusion patterns of Video Conferencing (VC) technologies within a public sector company, Company X, with a focus on the factors that impact users perceived quality and trust as well as the intended use of this technology. It is for this reason that the focus of the study is to analyse the adoption and diffusion patterns of the new technology of VC in Company X.Data was gathered with the use of both quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative (interview) with a sample of 180 employees and three middle managers respectively. In addition, observations were conducted over a period of three weeks to triangulate data that was collected. The study established that users adopted and diffused technology to a limited degree.Use of the technology was between 1 to 5 hours each week predominantly for meetings. The participants also mentioned that travel time is saved, hence there was more personal time and also more time gained for the completion of collaboration tasks more quickly. However, some staff preferred the face to face approach during meetings. The majority indicated that using the facility during VC was complicated and at time disruptive due to insufficient training. Based on the results of the primary study and literature, recommendations were formulated for management. © 2014 Elixir All rights reserved ARTIC LE INFO Article h istory: Received: 9 May 2014; Received in revised form: 22 June 2014; Accepted: 10 July 2014;
Effect of metakaolin addition on the mechanical performance of granulated blast furnace slag based geopolymer mortar with micro-encapsulated phase change materials

Bouha EL MOUSTAPHA Stéphanie BONNET, Abdelhafid KHELIDJ,Daniel FROELICH ,Isselmou AHMEDOU BABAH , Abderahmane KHALIFA 1Arts & Métiers sciences and technologies —Innovation and Product Design Laboratory, 151 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France. 2 University of Nantes IUT Saint-Nazaire, GeM, CNRS UMR 6183, Research Institute in Civil Engineering and Mechanics, 58 rue Michel Ange (BP 420), 44606 Saint Nazaire Cedex, France. 3 University of Nouakchott AL-Aasriya , Faculty of Sciences and Techniques/UCME, BP 880, Nouakchott, Mauritanie. 4MAGMA group laboratory (www.magma-groupe.com), villa 051 bis-BP 2942Nouakchott –Mauritania. E-mail:Bouha. el_moustapha@ensam.eu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6134-3718
Effects of Chronic Hypoxia on the Immune Status of Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca Linnaeus, 1758)

Simple Summary Inadequate oxygen saturation, or hypoxia, belongs to one of the critical stress factors in intensive aquaculture. Exposure of fish to low oxygen levels over prolonged periods substantially affects their well-being and immune competence, resulting in increased disease susceptibility and consequent economic losses. In this interdisciplinary research, we aimed to provide a deeper understanding of the effect of chronic low oxygen saturation on pikeperch farmed in recirculating aquaculture systems. The obtained data offer unprecedented insights into the changes in the immunocompetence of studied fish and suggest high robustness of this new aquaculture species to the stress factors of intensive aquaculture. Abstract Inadequate oxygen saturation can induce stress responses in fish and further affect their immunity. Pikeperch, recently introduced in intensive aquaculture, is suggested to be reared at nearly 100% DO (dissolved oxygen), yet this recommendation can be compromised by several factors including the water temperature, stocking densities or low circulation. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effect of low oxygen saturation of 40% DO (±3.2 mg/L) over 28 days on pikeperch farmed in recirculating aquaculture systems. The obtained data suggest that—although the standard blood and health parameters did not reveal any significant differences at any timepoint—the flow cytometric analysis identified a slightly decreased proportion of lymphocytes in the HK (head kidney) of fish exposed to hypoxia. This has been complemented by marginally downregulated expression of investigated immune and stress genes in HK and liver (including FTH1, HIF1A and NR3C1). Additionally, in the model of acute peritoneal inflammation induced with inactivated Aeromonas hydrophila, we observed a striking dichotomy in the sensitivity to the low DO between innate and adaptive immunity. Thus, while the mobilization of myeloid cells from HK to blood, spleen and peritoneal cavity, underlined by changes in the expression of key proinflammatory cytokines (including MPO, IL1B and TNF) was not influenced by the low DO, hypoxia impaired the influx of lymphocytes to the peritoneal niche in the later phases of the immune reaction. Taken together, our data suggest high robustness of pikeperch towards the low oxygen saturation and further encourage its introduction to the intensive aquaculture systems.
L’adsorption des produits pharmaceutiques par interactions organo-minérales : processus et applications environnementales

Les compartiments aquatiques sont pollues par des micropolluants d’origine anthropique, tels les produits pharmaceutiques. Ces pollutions sont principalement engendrees par le rejet continu des effluents des stations d’epuration les eaux naturelles. C’est pourquoi le premier objectif de ce travail fut de caracteriser les capacites epuratoires des trois types de station d’epuration actuellement utilisees, les boues activees, les lagunages naturels et les filtres plantes. Les analyses des effluents ont demontre que l’epuration des produits pharmaceutiques dans ces stations est insuffisante. Il est donc necessaire, notamment dans le cadre de le directive cadre sur l’eau, de penser a des traitements innovants et a bas cout. De part des proprietes d’adsorption significatives, les argiles naturelles comme les smectites sont des materiaux qui ont un potentiel en ce sens. Le second objectif de ce travail a donc ete de mettre en interaction la smectite naturelle avec les produits pharmaceutiques dans differentes conditions experimentales. En debutant par des conditions standards a concentrations dopees pour aboutir a des solutions naturelles. Les experimentations ont egalement ete menees sous differentes dynamiques pour verifier l’adequation du materiau choisi avec un usage en conditions industrielles. Les resultats demontrent que la smectite a une capacite d’adsorption significative sur une grande variete de produits pharmaceutiques et que cette capacite est meilleure dans des solutions complexes. Ceci permet de postuler que le materiau choisi peut representer une solution a bas cout et efficace pour l’epuration des effluents des stations d’epuration.
A New “Non-Epidemiological” Model of the Covid19 Pandemic-Based on Potential Infection Ceilings [Maximum Number of Infected Persons] and Blocks-Taking in to Account the Results of Simple Calculations of Virus Multiplication as Well as Infection and Infectiveness of Persons

The main objective of part I is to create of a „non-epidemiological” model of the Covid19 pandemic, or more precisely, sets of models/equations with the formulas that allow to calculate changes in pandemic parameters over time, i.e. the number of infected, sick, antibody producing [„recovered”] and dead people, based on the multiplication of viruses and the existence of ceilings and blocks for virus. The ceilings are the maximum number of viral binding sites [SARS CoV-2] in the human body [thus related numbers of affected people] and the blocks are the viral binding sites [in the blood/extracellular space] such that viruses thus bound do not multiply [subject of separate paper sent to EC Nutrition]. This needed the introducing: a/the concept of „human breath and virus cloud” thus to move on to pandemic calculations from one person to the whole population. b/a simple arithmetic [„2x2x2. ”] model/s of virus multiplication in a group of people [and so in the entire cloud]. c/Hill equation [so its constants Ka and Xmax].
Interaction of Lexical and Morphological Aspect in L1 English L2 Spanish

Research on the second language (L2) acquisition of future tense has seen significant growth in the last ten years, but little of that growth has investigated the relationship between future temporality and aspect. Differences between English and Spanish with respect to aspect gives rise to a surprisingly similar distribution of aspectual interpretations in the future, including progressive and modal readings, though different ones in the present tense. In the present tense, the availability of an ongoing interpretation differs between English and Spanish primarily on the basis of lexical, or inherent, aspect. English stative predicates, such as in (1), allow for an ongoing reading, here denoted by the possible inclusion of right now. English dynamic predicates, such as in (2), do not allow for an ongoing reading. However, the present tense of Spanish allows ongoing readings with both stative predicates similar to (1) and dynamic predicates as in (3).
Numerical Simulation of the Gas Production Behavior of Hydrate Dissociation by Depressurization in Hydrate-Bearing Porous Medium

To evaluate the potential for the commercially viable production of gas from hydrate reservoirs, several pieces of key information are needed to examine in hydrate dissociation process in porous media. In this study, a two dimensional (2D) axisymmetric finite-difference, fully implicit model was developed to investigate the gas production behavior of hydrate dissociation by depressurization in hydrate-bearing porous media. The simulation results indicated that the hydrates dissociate along the radial and longitudinal direction, and the dissociation in the radial direction is earlier than that of the longitudinal direction of the laboratory-scale hydrate sample. Moreover, a series of simulations was performed to study the effect of several parameters including initial hydrate saturation, permeability reduction index N, absolute/relative permeability, intrinsic porosity, and the assumption of stationary water phase on the gas production behavior from hydrate dissociation in hydrate-bearing porous media. The.
Research on Classification Method of 3D Point Cloud Model Based on KE-PointVNet

With the popularization and use of three-dimensional data acquisition equipment, the acquisition of three-dimensional data is more convenient. Three-dimensional data contains rich shape and scale information. How to effectively and accurately classify, segment and identify three-dimensional data is a research hotspot in the field of computer vision. Aiming at the particularity of 3D point cloud data and the neglect of local correlation between points, this paper proposes a new end-to-end depth network framework, namely KE-PointVNet. KE-PointVNet can directly deal with point cloud and construct deep convolutional network. KE-PointVNet extracts local geometric features of each point based on the EdgeConv module. By using the KNN proximity algorithm to construct local neighborhood of the point cloud, it can avoid its non-local diffusion, and finally obtain the high-level semantics of the point cloud through the local aggregation vector VLAD layer. The experimental results show that this method has a higher classification accuracy than most of the existing point cloud classification methods.
On application of deep learning to simplified quantum-classical dynamics in electronically excited states

Deep learning (DL) is applied to simulate non-adiabatic molecular dynamics of phenanthrene, using the time-dependent density functional based tight binding (TD-DFTB) approach for excited states combined with mixed quantum–classical propagation. Reference calculations rely on Tully’s fewest-switches surface hopping (FSSH) algorithm coupled to TD-DFTB, which provides electronic relaxation dynamics in fair agreement with various available experimental results. Aiming at describing the coupled electron-nuclei dynamics in large molecular systems, we then examine the combination of DL for excited-state potential energy surfaces (PESs) with a simplified trajectory surface hopping propagation based on the Belyaev–Lebedev (BL) scheme. We start to assess the accuracy of the TD-DFTB approach upon comparison of the optical spectrum with experimental and higher-level theoretical results. Using the recently developed SchNetPack (Schütt et al 2019 J. Chem. Theory Comput. 15 448–55) for DL applications, we train several models and evaluate their performance in predicting excited-state energies and forces. Then, the main focus is given to the analysis of the electronic population of low-lying excited states computed with the aforementioned methods. We determine the relaxation timescales and compare them with experimental data. Our results show that DL demonstrates its ability to describe the excited-state PESs. When coupled to the simplified BL scheme considered in this study, it provides reliable description of the electronic relaxation in phenanthrene as compared with either the experimental data or the higher-level FSSH/TD-DFTB theoretical results. Furthermore, the DL performance allows high-throughput analysis at a negligible cost.