Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transforming growth factor-β family and stem cell-derived exosome therapeutic treatment in osteoarthritis (Review)

Osteoarthritis (OA), although extensively researched, still lacks an effective and safe treatment. The only current treatment option available for advanced OA is joint replacement surgery. This surgery may pose the risks of persistent pain, surgical complications and limited implant lifespan. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β has a crucial role in multiple cellular processes such as cell proliferation. Any deterioration in TGF-β signaling pathways can have an immense impact on OA. Owing to the crucial role of TGF-β in cartilage homeostasis, targeting it could be an alternative therapeutic approach. Additionally, stem cell-based therapy has recently emerged as an effective treatment strategy that could replace surgery. A number of recent findings suggest that the tissue regeneration effect of stem cells is attributed to the paracrine secretion of anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective mediators or trophic factors, particularly nanosized extracellular vesicles (i.e., exosomes). Literature searches were performed in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and PubMed electronic database for relevant articles published before September 2021. Multiple investigators have confirmed TGF-β3 as a promising candidate which has the chondrogenic potential to repair articular cartilage degeneration. Combining TGF-β3 with bone morphogenetic proteins-6, which has synergistic effect on chondrogenesis, with an efficient platform such as exosomes, which themselves possess a chondroprotective function, offers an innovative and more efficient approach to treat injured cartilage. In addition, multiple findings stating the role of exosomes in chondroprotection has also verified a similar fact showing exosomes may be a more favorable choice than the source itself. In the present review, the importance of TGF-β family in OA and the possibility of therapeutic treatment using stem cell-derived exosomes are described.
Sexual Dysfunctions among Male Patients with Tramadol Abuse

Objectives: This study aims to assess the effect of tramadol abuse on sexual functions in males. Methods: We recruited subjects from Hot Line Clinic of Minia Psychiatric Hospital, Minia during a 6-month period. After taking their consent, 68 subjects with a history and a positive urine analysis test of tramadol abuse were included. They were assessed clinically by international index of erectile function (IIEF). They were compared with a control group of 43 subjects with no history of drug abuse and negative urine analysis test. Results: All the aspects of sexual function were significantly better in the control group than the tramadol abuse group. Within the tramadol abuse group, all the parameters of sexual function were significantly better before using tramadol than during tramadol use. There was a significant correlation between the number of symptoms and the intercourse satisfaction, and erectile function; and between daily dose of tramadol and sexual desire and erectile function. Conclusion: Patients with tramadol abuse are more likely to have sexual dysfunctions than healthy controls.
Coupling Lipid Labeling and Click Chemistry Enables Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles for Noninvasive Detection of Oncogenic Gene Alterations

Well‐preserved molecular cargo in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) offers an ideal material for detecting oncogenic gene alterations in cancer patients, providing a noninvasive diagnostic solution for detection of disease status and monitoring treatment response. Therefore, technologies that conveniently isolate EVs with sufficient efficiency are desperately needed. Here, a lipid labeling and click chemistry‐based EV capture platform (“Click Beads”), which is ideal for EV message ribonucleic acid (mRNA) assays due to its efficient, convenient, and rapid purification of EVs, enabling downstream molecular quantification using reverse transcription digital polymerase chain reaction (RT‐dPCR) is described and demonstrated. Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) gene rearrangements and kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) gene mutation status are detected and quantified using EVs isolated by Click Beads and matched with those identified in biopsy specimens from Ewing sarcoma or pancreatic cancer patients. Moreover, the quantification of gene alterations can be used for monitoring treatment responses and disease progression.
Singular integral operators in the case of a piecewise Lyapunov contour

The article attempts to present the results obtained by the author in recent years (in a number of cases with some additions) on the theory of singular integral equations and Riemann boundary value problems in the case of a piecewise Lyapunov contour. It has a survey character of problems and results related to the influence of corner points of integration contour on various properties of singular operators. At the same time, much attention is paid to the research of other authors related to the scientific interests of the author of this work.
PHARMACOLOGICAL METHODS TO DECREASE COUGHING ON EMERGENCE FOLLOWING GENERAL ANESTHESIA WITH TRACHEAL INTUBATION IN LOWER ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

Background: Emergence from anesthesia and extubation induces variant physiological responses including unwanted circulatory and airway reflexes resulting in hyper circulatory manifestations in the form of tachycardia, hypertension, cough, laryngospasm, and bronchospasm. These events may predispose or induce multiple complications either in the operative site or elsewhere in the body. Aim of the Work: To explore various pharmacological perioperative techniques that can be used to achieve a smooth extubation while caring for an uncomplicated patient without significant risk factors for extubation failure. Patients and Methods: Randomized sample for population who were admitted for lower abdominal surgery under general anesthesia with oral endotracheal intubation in Ain-Shams University Hospitals after Ethical Committee approval and starting from January 2021. Results: There is clinical evidence to support the use of Dexmedetomidine, Lidocaine and Dexamethsaone to significantly attenuate excessive coughing, hemodynamic shifts, postoperative sedation and prolongation of time during extubation. Patients‟ characteristics (age and sex), duration of surgery, type of surgery and Oxygen Saturation show non-significant difference between the four groups. Conclusion: The quality of tracheal extubation was better in Dexmedetomidine, Lidocaine and Dexamethasone groups over control group with Dexmedetomidine group being the most favorable in patients requiring General anesthesia with endotracheal intubation for lower abdominal surgeries, without any adverse effects.
The Chemical Composition, Microbiology and Micronutrients Changes of Fresh Barracuda Fish and Smoked Barracuda Fish using Different Smoking Methods

Fish play an essential role in human nutrition and ensure about 20% of protein intake for one-third of the world's population, especially in developing countries. Fish is consumed because of its nutritional benefits, such as protein, essential amino acids, fats, and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). Micronutrients can prevent disease disorders due to micronutrient deficiencies. But behind its nutritional advantages, fish are very easy to spoil. Fish preservation and processing methods explore ways to stop or slow down spoilage. One method of preserving and processing fish that can be applied is smoking. This study aimed to evaluate the moisture content, total fat, heavy metals, vitamin A, and microbiology of fresh and smoked barracuda fish with different smoking methods, namely traditional smoking, and liquid smoke. Fresh barracuda fish is smoked using the traditional smoking method and liquid smoke. Fresh and smoked barracuda fish were then analyzed, including water content, total fat content, heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Sn, As), histamine, micronutrients (vitamins A and D), and microbial contamination. The levels of heavy metals, histamine, and microbial contamination have met the quality standard of smoked fish (SNI 2725: 2013). Vitamin A in fresh barracuda and smoked barracuda was < 15.85 mcg/100 g, while vitamin D was not detected in either fresh barracuda or smoked barracuda.
Temporal Survey of Heavy Metal Loads in Surface Water, Sediments and Shrimps from Iko River Estuary, Eastern Obolo L.G.A, Nigeria

Aims: This work aimed at providing pieces of information on the trend and levels of heavy metals in shrimp, surface water and sediment from Iko river estuary, Eastern Obolo, South-South Nigeria. Study Design: The study area was demarcated into three stations for sampling. The sampling stations were subjectively categorized. Place and Duration of Study: The study which was carried out in Iko river estuary, Eastern Obolo, South-South Nigeria lasted for 12 months. Methodology: Samples were collected once a month for 12 months in a consecutive manner and analyzed using standard methods. Results: When compared to water and shrimps, sediments contained the highest concentration of heavy metals during the study period. Contrarily, water had the highest concentration (1.50 Mg/L) of Cd, compared to 0.85 Mg/Kg in sediment and 0.27 Mg/Kg in shrimps. Levels of Lead (Pb) in the study samples followed a similar trend like that of Cd. Zinc also followed a contrary pattern with shrimps having the highest concentration (65.35 Mg/L). Of all the metals studied, iron (Fe) was found to be the most abundant heavy metal in Iko River Estuary. Although levels of Fe were generally high in all the samples studied, concentration in sediment (113.99 Mg/Kg) far outweighed the concentrations in shrimps (227.11 Mg/Kg) and in water (184.35 Mg/L). These levels of heavy metals determined in the water, sediment and shrimps showed variations during the wet and dry seasons. Conclusion: The values were higher than the recommended limits. It can therefore be concluded that Iko River Estuary was always laden with heavy metals notwithstanding the season of the year. Accumulation of these metals in shrimps also indicates that sea foods from this river may not be suitable for consumption.
How did extinct giant birds and pterosaurs fly? A comprehensive modeling approach to evaluate soaring performance

Abstract The largest extinct volant birds (Pelagornis sandersi and Argentavis magnificens) and pterosaurs (Pteranodon and Quetzalcoatlus) are thought to have used wind-dependent soaring flight, similar to modern large birds. There are 2 types of soaring: thermal soaring, used by condors and frigatebirds, which involves the use of updrafts to ascend and then glide horizontally; and dynamic soaring, used by albatrosses, which involves the use of wind speed differences with height above the sea surface. Previous studies have suggested that P. sandersi used dynamic soaring, while A. magnificens and Quetzalcoatlus used thermal soaring. For Pteranodon, there is debate over whether they used dynamic or thermal soaring. However, the performance and wind speed requirements of dynamic and thermal soaring for these species have not yet been quantified comprehensively. We quantified these values using aerodynamic models and compared them with that of extant birds. For dynamic soaring, we quantified maximum travel speeds and maximum upwind speeds. For thermal soaring, we quantified the animal's sinking speed circling at a given radius and how far it could glide losing a given height. Our results confirmed those from previous studies that A. magnificens and Pteranodon used thermal soaring. Conversely, the results for P. sandersi and Quetzalcoatlus were contrary to those from previous studies. P. sandersi used thermal soaring, and Quetzalcoatlus had a poor ability both in dynamic and thermal soaring. Our results demonstrate the need for comprehensive assessments of performance and required wind conditions when estimating soaring styles of extinct flying species.
Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Estimated Prevalence, Clinical Features, and Risk Factors in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Background Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disease with a global prevalence of 1-4%, characterized by multiple painful nodules, abscesses, and fistulas that form scars in intertriginous regions (i.e., inguinal, axillary, mammary). HS is a complex and debilitating disease with a negative impact on quality of life. We aim to determine the prevalence, clinical features, risk factors, and comorbidities of HS. Methodology A retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in King Abdulaziz Medical City from 2016 to 2020. Information of all confirmed cases of HS was extracted via computerized medical records. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 24 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Categorical data were calculated based on frequency and percentage using the chi-square test to obtain p-values. Results Our initial search yielded 196 cases, of which 13 were excluded due to incomplete medical information. The prevalence of HS was 1.29%. The mean age was 27 years, with a male predominance. More than one-third of our patients were morbidly obese, and most of the patients were in Hurley stage 1 of both genders. The most commonly affected area was the axilla, followed by the inguinal area. The most common coexisting disease was diabetes mellitus type 2, followed by lipid disorders and acne. Conclusions This study documents the common demographic and clinical features of HS. It is a challenging disease in terms of detection and management, and it is critical to raise awareness among the public and physicians to minimize the devastating impact on HS patients.
Asset pricing with costly short sales ∗

We study a dynamic general equilibrium model with costly-to-short stocks and heterogeneous beliefs. Costly short sales drive a wedge between the valuation of assets that promise identical cash ﬂows but are subject to diﬀerent trading arrangements. In particular, we show that the price of an asset is given by the risk-adjusted present value of its future cash ﬂows which include both dividends and an endogenous lending yield that we characterize explicitly. This valuation formula implies that stocks with low and high shorting costs should oﬀer similar risk-return tradeoﬀ once returns are appropriately adjusted for lending revenues and thus sheds light on recent empirical ﬁndings about the explanatory power of shorting costs in the cross-section of returns.
Examining the effect of religiosity, moral disengagement, personal attribution, comprehension and proximity on juror decision making regarding insanity pleas

Legal attitudes, religion, and attributions relate to insanity defense attitudes and legal decisions in insanity cases. Religious fundamentalism has consistently predicted punitiveness associated with insanity; however, the current research focuses on moral disengagement as an explanatory link in the fundamentalist and insanity chain. Additional exploratory interests examined how defendants’ perceived proximity to jurors might act as a potential moderator. The current study uses factorial survey design to examine the relationships between the variables using a mock jury insanity trial. Results suggest religious fundamentalism is related to harsher verdicts and sentences, and these relationships are mediated by moral disengagement attributions, authoritarian attitudes towards the persons with mental illness, and negative attitudes towards the insanity defense. Based on findings, prosecution and defense should consider moral and religious themes presented in their arguments. Additionally, defendants pleading insanity should be aware of how juror attitudes and biases might affect the trial and verdict processes.
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media Characteristic in Secondary Hospital in Yogyakarta

BACKGROUND: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is the most common ear infection that causes hearing loss and affects the quality of life worldwide. AIM: The study aimed to describe the risk factor of CSOM patients at a private hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from March to June 2021. METHODS: This study was an observational analytical study with a case–control design. The respondents were 55 patients with CSOM who met inclusion criteria and 56 respondents as controls. A checklist interview was conducted to determine the present and past history of diseases, and the relationship among potential risk factors was analyzed using bivariate analysis. A bivariate analysis was used to specify the odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and the relationship between risk factors and the incidence of CSMO. RESULTS: The characteristic cases were as follows: Majority age over 20 years, 56% male, 47% university degree, 29% history of allergy, 25% history of acute respiratory infection, 56% complain of discharge from the ear, 31% snoring, 67% cigarette consumption, 42% earn 2–5 million rupiahs per month, and 73% of their homes are closed to health-care facilities. Four risk factors for CSOM omit this included: Education, medical history from the ear, snoring, and income per month (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: According to the results, the majority of CSOM patients to be treated at a private clinic in Yogyakarta were male at productive age, had university education, had no history of allergies and acute respiratory infections, and had a history of secrete from the ear, exposure to cigarettes, and median income per month.
Limestone and Silicate Applications by Different Methods to Correct Soil Acidity

The study aimed to measure the variation in the values of pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, H+Al, V, and Ca and Mg saturation after limestone and silicate applications as a function of different soil correction methods and incubation periods under a controlled environment. The research was carried out in a greenhouse at the FCA of the Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD). The experiment was completely randomized in a factorial scheme (5 × 3 × 5), with four replications. The main factors consisted of five incubation times: 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days; three soil classes: dystrophic Red Latosol (LVd), Dystroferric Red Latosol (LVdf), and dystrophic Gray Argisol (PACd); and five soil acidity correction methods: control, Ca/Mg balance for limestone and silicate, and 50% and 70% base saturation. Chemical analysses were performed after each incubation period. A regression analysis was carried out once a significant difference was observed between the means of the main factors of the analysis of variance, being adjusted to quadratic models for pH, P, Al, K, Ca, Mg, H+Al, and V. Statistical analyses were performed in the AgroStat software. The ideal soil incubation time to reach the maximum efficiency of correction of the chemical attributes of LVd, LVdf, and PACd soils by the studied methods ranges from 78 to 86 days. The application of limestone by balance of 60% Ca and 20% Mg and calcium and magnesium silicates achieved the best correction indexes of soil chemical attributes, enabling the proposed equation as a calcium and magnesium silicate calculation.
Statistical Comparison of IMERG Precipitation Products with Optical Rain Gauge Observations over Kototabang, Indonesia

Satellite-based precipitation estimates play a crucial role in many hydrological and numerical weather models, especially to overcome the scarcity of rain gauge data. Globally gridded rainfall product from Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) (IMERG) has been used in a wide range of hydrological applications. However, the IMERG is inherently prone to errors and biases. This study evaluated the performance of the IMERG-Final run (IMERG-F) product to estimate rainfall in a mountainous area of Sumatra. Validation was carried out using optical rain gauge (ORG) data for 15 years (2002-2016), at Kototabang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. In general, IMERG-F overestimated rainfall in all time scales. The longer the time scale was, the better the performance of IMERG-F we obtained. This feature was indicated by all quantities of continuous and categorical statistical matrices used. The performance of IMERG-F was lower than in other areas of the Maritime Continent, except for the probability of detection (POD) value. IMERG-F could detect rain very well, including for daily and hourly data, but the false alarm rate (FAR) was also relatively high. Such high FAR value may indicate a significant small-scale spatial rainfall variability in mountainous area of Sumatra.
OBESITY IS A RISK FACTOR FOR IRON DEFICIENCY AND ANEMIA: A CASE CONTROL STUDY

Background: Rapid dietary and lifestyle changes produce a double burden of malnutrition. The populations suffer from increasing over consumption of food, but continue to have high rates of micronutrient deficiencies. Adipose tissue of obese persons produces increased amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines contributing to the development of a low-grade systemic inflammation in these persons. Aim of the work: to determine the relation between body mass index (BMI) and hemoglobin (Hg) level, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and C reactive protein (CRP). Patient and Methods: study was carried out on 60 women attending the outpatient clinic of the National Nutrition Institute (Egypt). Participants were divided into two groups; 30 obese women (case group) and 30 normal weight women (control group). Diagnosis of obesity was based on BMI >30 [WHO, 2014]. Anemia was diagnosed according to Hg level, serum iron and TIBC. Results: The mean age of participant women was 32.82 years (SD 6.65) and ranged between 18 and 47 years. The mean Hb level of participant women were 11 gm/dl (SD 1.21) and ranged between 8.7 and 13.8 gm/dl. Hb levels showed no significant difference between obese and normal weight women. Serum iron was higher in normal weight women compared with obese women (P <0.05). No significant correlation was observed between BMI and Hb levels. BMI had a significant negative correlation with serum iron. BMI has significant positive correlations with TIBC and CRP. Linear regression analysis showed a significant association between Hb levels and waist hip ratio. Conclusion: High BMI affected negatively levels of serum iron and is associated with inflammatory process as indicated by higher levels of CRP. High waist hip ratio is an important risk factor for anemia.
Sub-Acute Toxicity of two Herbicides Halosulfuron-methyl and Clethodim on Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Male Albino Rats

On male albino rats, this study has evaluated the toxicity of halosulfuron-methyl and clethodim on their hepatic, haematological, and oxidative effects. For a period of 28 days, the animals were given either halosulfuronmethyl (886 and 1773 mg/kg) or clethodim (163 and 326 mg/kg body weight) herbicides orally. As a control treatment, distilled water was used. Hematological and biochemical markers, as well as body weight gain and organ weight, were all assessed. In general, all treated rats' bodyweight gain and relative testes weight were considerably lower when compared to the control treatments. Furthermore, the relative weights of the liver, kidneys, lungs, spleen, brain, and heart were recorded at various rising levels. At the ending of the procedure, blood samples were taken. Hepatic toxicity was measured using the blood enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), whereas renal toxicity was measured using urea and creatinine. Red blood corpuscles (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and hemoglobin were tested in the liver to detect oxidative damage and monitor changes in hematological parameters. Both herbicide treatments resulted in significant increases in the levels of liver enzymes (ALT and AST). In male albino rats, hematological parameters indicated considerable changes, with decreases in RBC and hemoglobin and a large rise in WBC. The findings suggest that even at subacute exposure, halosulfuron-methyl and clethodim might cause hematological parameter changes, which might be linked to the production of reactive oxygen species.