Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Holomorphic functional calculus and vector-valued Littlewood–Paley–Stein theory for semigroups

We study vector-valued Littlewood-Paley-Stein theory for semigroups of regular contractions $\{T_t\}_{t>0}$ on $L_p(\Omega)$ for a fixed $1<p<\infty$. We prove that if a Banach space $X$ is of martingale cotype $q$, then there is a constant $C$ such that $$ \left\|\left(\int_0^\infty\big\|t\frac{\partial}{\partial t}P_t (f)\big\|_X^q\,\frac{dt}t\right)^{\frac1q}\right\|_{L_p(\Omega)}\le C\, \big\|f\big\|_{L_p(\Omega; X)}\,, \quad\forall\, f\in L_p(\Omega; X),$$ where $\{P_t\}_{t>0}$ is the Poisson semigroup subordinated to $\{T_t\}_{t>0}$. Let $\mathsf{L}^P_{c, q, p}(X)$ be the least constant $C$, and let $\mathsf{M}_{c, q}(X)$ be the martingale cotype $q$ constant of $X$. We show $$\mathsf{L}^{P}_{c,q, p}(X)\lesssim \max\big(p^{\frac1{q}},\, p'\big) \mathsf{M}_{c,q}(X). $$ Moreover, the order $\max\big(p^{\frac1{q}},\, p'\big)$ is optimal as $p\to1$ and $p\to\infty$. If $X$ is of martingale type $q$, the reverse inequality holds. If additionally $\{T_t\}_{t>0}$ is analytic on $L_p(\Omega; X)$, the semigroup $\{P_t\}_{t>0}$ in these results can be replaced by $\{T_t\}_{t>0}$ itself. Our new approach is built on holomorphic functional calculus. Compared with all the previous, the new one is more powerful in several aspects: a) it permits us to go much further beyond the setting of symmetric submarkovian semigroups; b) it yields the optimal orders of growth on $p$ for most of the relevant constants; c) it gives new insights into the scalar case for which our orders of the best constants in the classical Littlewood-Paley-Stein inequalities for symmetric submarkovian semigroups are better than the previous by Stein. In particular, we resolve a problem of Naor and Young on the optimal order of the best constant in the above inequality when $X$ is of martingale cotype $q$ and $\{P_t\}_{t>0}$ is the classical Poisson and heat semigroups on $\mathbb{R}^d$.
Dynamic heterogeneity in active glass-forming liquids is qualitatively different compared to its equilibrium behaviour

Activity driven glassy dynamics is ubiquitous in collective cell migration,intracellular transport, dynamics in bacterial and ants colonies as well as artificially driven synthetic systems such as vibrated granular materials, etc. Active glasses are hitherto assumed to be qualitatively similar to their equilibrium counterparts at a suitably defined effective temperature, ff. Combining large-scale simulations with analytical mode-coupling theory for such systems, we show that, in fact, an active glass is qualitatively different from an equilibrium glassy system. Although the relaxation dynamics can be similar to an equilibrium system at a ff, effects of activity on the dynamic heterogeneity (DH), which has emerged as a cornerstone of glassy dynamics, is quite nontrivial and complex. In particular, active glasses show dramatic growth of DH, and systems with similar relaxation time and ff can have widely varying DH. Comparison of our non-equilibrium extended mode-coupling theory for such systems with simulation results show that the theory captures the basic characteristics of such systems. Our study raises fundamental questions on the supposedly central role of DH in controlling the relaxation dynamics in a glassy system and can have important implications even for the equilibrium glassy dynamics.
Scaling Properties of Deep Residual Networks

Residual networks (ResNets) have displayed impressive results in pattern recognition and, recently, have garnered considerable theoretical interest due to a perceived link with neural ordinary differential equations (neural ODEs). This link relies on the convergence of network weights to a smooth function as the number of layers increases. We investigate the properties of weights trained by stochastic gradient descent and their scaling with network depth through detailed numerical experiments. We observe the existence of scaling regimes markedly different from those assumed in neural ODE literature. Depending on certain features of the network architecture, such as the smoothness of the activation function, one may obtain an alternative ODE limit, a stochastic differential equation or neither of these. These findings cast doubts on the validity of the neural ODE model as an adequate asymptotic description of deep ResNets and point to an alternative class of differential equations as a better description of the deep network limit.
Effect of Fast Scale Factor Fluctuations on Cosmological Evolution

In this paper, we study the corrections to the Friedmann equations due to fast fluctuations in the universe scale factor. Such fast quantum fluctuations were recently proposed as a potential solution to the cosmological constant problem. They also induce strong changes to the current sign and magnitude of the average cosmological force, thus making them one of the potential probable causes of the modification of Newtonian dynamics in galaxy-scale systems. It appears that quantum fluctuations in the scale factor also modify the Friedmann equations, leading to a considerable modification of cosmological evolution. In particular, they give rise to the late-time accelerated expansion of the universe, and they may also considerably modify the effective universe potential.
Pseudocoherent and Perfect Complexes and Vector Bundles on Analytic Adic Spaces

Using the new approach to analytic geometry developed by Clausen and Scholze by means of condensed mathematics, we prove that for every affinoid analytic adic space $X$, pseudocoherent complexes, perfect complexes, and finite projective modules over $\mathcal{O}_X(X)$ form a stack with respect to the analytic topology on $X$; in particular, we prove that the category of vector bundles on $X$ is equivalent to the category of finite projective modules over $\mathcal{O}_X(X)$. To that end, we construct a fully faithful functor from the category of complete Huber pairs to the category of analytic rings in the sense of Clausen and Scholze and study its basic properties. Specifically, we give an explicit description of the functor of measures of the analytic ring associated to a complete Huber pair. We also introduce, following the ideas of Kedlaya-Liu, notions of \textit{pseudocoherent module} and \textit{pseudocoherent sheaf} in the context of adic spaces (where the latter can be regarded as an analogue of the notion of coherent sheaf in algebraic geometry) and show that there is a similar equivalence of the corresponding categories.
Effects of Electric Charge on the Interfacial Tension between Coexisting Aqueous Mixtures of Polyelectrolyte and Neutral Polymer

Upon demixing, an aqueous solution of a polyelectrolyte and an incompatible neutral polymer yields two phases separated by an interface with an ultralow tension. Here, both in theory and experiment, we study this interfacial tension in detail: how it scales with the concentrations of the polymers in the two phases and how it is affected by the interfacial difference in the electrical potential. Experiments are performed on an aqueous model system of uncharged dextran and charged nongelling gelatin. The experimental tension scales to the power ∼3 with the tie-line length in the phase diagram of demixing, in agreement with mean-field theory where space is filled with a binary mixture of polymer blobs. The interfacial electrical potential difference is experimentally found to decrease the interfacial tension in a way that is consistent with Poisson–Boltzmann theory inspired from Frenkel and Verwey–Overbeek.
Determinants Impacting User Behavior towards Emergency Use Intentions of m-Health Services in Taiwan

Emergency usage intention and behavior are crucial to business service success for m-Health providers and patient healthcare service. This study aimed to identify the factors that influence m-Health acceptance and the effect of emergency use intentions on usage behavior among Taiwanese m-Health users by adopting and extending the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). This study also examines the moderating role of gender and age in the effects of the independent variables on satisfaction with m-Health services. An online questionnaire was used to collect data from 371 participants. The results revealed that performance expectancy, facilitating conditions, and trust had positive effects on user satisfaction. Additionally, m-Health knowledge and user satisfaction had positive effects on emergency use intentions. However, social influence and effort expectancy did not have a significant effect on satisfaction. Moreover, age and gender significantly moderated the effects of some predictors.
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin Immunotherapy for Cancer

Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), an attenuated vaccine from Mycobacterium bovis, was initially developed as an agent for vaccination against tuberculosis. BCG proved to be the first successful immunotherapy against established human bladder cancer and other neoplasms. The use of BCG has been shown to induce a long-lasting antitumor response over all other forms of treatment against intermediate, non-invasive muscle bladder cancer Several types of tumors may now be treated by releasing the immune response through the blockade of checkpoint inhibitory molecules, such as CTLA-4 and PD-1. In addition, Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) agonists and BCG are used to potentiate the immune response against tumors. Studies concerning TLR-ligands combined with BCG to treat melanoma have demonstrated efficacy in treating mice and patients This review addresses several interventions using BCG on neoplasms, such as Leukemia, Bladder Cancer, Lung Cancer, and Melanoma, describing treatments and antitumor responses promoted by this attenuated bacillus. Of essential importance, BCG is described recently to participate in an adequate microbiome, establishing an effective response during cell-target therapy when combined with anti-PD-1 antibody, which stimulates T cell responses against the melanoma. Finally, trained immunity is discussed, and reprogramming events to shape innate immune responses are addressed.
Genomes of Anguillid Herpesvirus 1 Strains Reveal Evolutionary Disparities and Low Genetic Diversity in the Genus Cyprinivirus

Anguillid herpesvirus 1 (AngHV-1) is a pathogen of eels and a member of the genus Cyprinivirus in the family Alloherpesviridae. We have compared the biological and genomic features of different AngHV-1 strains, focusing on their growth kinetics in vitro and genetic content, diversity, and recombination. Comparisons based on three core genes conserved among alloherpesviruses revealed that AngHV-1 exhibits a slower rate of change and less positive selection than other cypriniviruses. We propose that this may be linked to major differences in host species and corresponding epidemiological circumstances. Efforts to derive evolutionary rate estimates for cypriniviruses under various theoretical models were ultimately unrewarding. We highlight the potential value of future collaborative efforts towards generating short-term evolutionary rate estimates based on known sequence sampling dates. Finally, we revealed that there is significantly less genetic diversity in core gene sequences within cyprinivirus species clades compared to species in the family Herpesviridae. This suggests that cyprinivirus species may have undergone much more vigorous purifying selection post species clade divergence. We discuss whether this may be linked to biological and anthropogenic factors or to sampling bias, and we propose that the comparison of short-term evolutionary rates between species may provide further insights into these differences.
Stentoplasty with Resorbable Calcium Salt Bone Void Fillers for the Treatment of Vertebral Compression Fracture: Evaluation After 3 Years

Purpose The aim of the study is to investigate the clinical and radiological outcomes of vertebral compression fractures treated by stentoplasty with resorbable calcium salt bone void fillers compared with balloon kyphoplasty (BKP). Methods This prospective study included patients with fresh mono-thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures. Patients enrolled were randomly divided into three groups. The patients in group A underwent stentoplasty with calcium sulfate/calcium phosphate (CSCP) composite filler and patients in group B with hydroxyapatite/collagen (HAP/COL) composite filler, while patients in group C underwent BKP with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The clinical outcome was evaluated with visual analogue pain scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability score (ODI). The radiological results were evaluated with anterior height (AH) and Cobb angle of vertebral body. Computed tomography (CT) was used to assess osteogenesis effect. Results Each group included 14 patients. The VAS, ODI, Cobb angle and AH were statistically improved compared with preoperative and there was no significant difference between the three groups. However, the AH in group A and group B at 1-year follow-up presented slight loss compared with 1 day after surgery. CT results suggested both group A and group B presented obvious bone trabecula formation and variations of CT value. Conclusion The stentoplasty with resorbable calcium salt bone void fillers demonstrated clinical outcomes similar to traditional BKP for vertebral compression fractures. Both HAP/COL and CSCP performed certain osteogenesis. However, stentoplasty with studied fillers showed slight loss of AH within 1 year after surgery.
Molecular Insights into the Genetic Variability of ORF Virus in a Mediterranean Region (Sardinia, Italy)

Orf virus (ORFV) represents the causative agent of contagious ecthyma, clinically characterized by mild papular and pustular to severe proliferative lesions, mainly occurring in sheep and goats. In order to provide hints on the evolutionary history of this virus, we carried out a study aimed to assess the genetic variation of ORFV in Sardinia that hosts a large affected small ruminant population. We also found a high worldwide mutational viral evolutionary rate, which resulted, in turn, higher than the rate we detected for the strains isolated in Sardinia. In addition, a well-supported genetic divergence was found between the viral strains isolated from sheep and those from goats, but no relevant connection was evidenced between the severity of lesions produced by ORFV and specific polymorphic patterns in the two species of hosts. Such a finding suggests that ORFV infection-related lesions are not necessarily linked to the expression of one of the three genes here analyzed and could rather be the effect of the expression of other genes or rather represents a multifactorial character.
Summer Diet of Horses (Equus ferus caballus Linn.), Guanacos (Lama guanicoe Müller), and European Brown Hares (Lepus europaeus Pallas) in the High Andean Range of the Coquimbo Region, Chile

Simple Summary For the proper management of natural grasslands, it is important to know the interactions between the different herbivores, both wild and domestic, that use them. In this research, we studied the botanical composition of the diet of horses, guanacos, and European brown hares, in summer grasslands of the high mountain range of the Region of Coquimbo, Chile. We were able to determine the main species that these herbivores consume, as well as the characteristics of their diets in terms of diversity and quantify the potential trophic competition between them. The main grassland’s species play a maintenance and subsistence role for the three species of herbivores studied, for which they establish selective strategies on certain species of plants, in order to improve the quality of their diets. Abstract For an adequate management of natural grasslands, the knowledge and understanding of the dietary habits of herbivores and their trophic interactions are fundamental. During two summer seasons, in a mountain range of a sector of the Coquimbo Region, Chile, the botanical composition, diversity, and similarity of the diets of horses, European brown hares, and guanacos were studied, as was the selectivity of the main grassland plant species, using feces microhistology. The contribution of hydromorphic grasses was similar in the diets of guanacos (35.90 ± 7.27%) and horses (32.25 ± 4.50%), differing from that found in hares (16.32 ± 5.32%). Dryland grassland grasses contributed similarly to the diets of horses (13.21 ± 3.22%), guanacos (22.53 ± 5.21%) and hares (18.35 ± 3.81%), as well as graminoids, which averaged 47.79 ± 6.66%, 35.63 ± 10.76% and 38.94 ± 7.88%, in diets of horses, guanacos, and hares, respectively, without significant differences. The contribution of herbaceous dicotyledons was only important in hares (23.76 ± 3.76%), while that of shrubs was low (<3%) and similar among the three herbivores. Dietary diversity was similar among the three herbivore species (73–79%), with a higher degree of dietary overlap between horses and guanacos (55.7%), which was higher than that obtained between hares and guanacos (50%) and between horses and hares (48%), for which there would be a potential trophic competition between them. The most abundant species of dryland and wet grasslands generally fulfill a functional role of subsistence and a nutritional role of maintenance; however, for the three herbivores studied, a different selective behavior was evidenced, according to their physiological differences, with the selection process little affected by the relative abundance of these species in the grasslands. Due to the above, herbivores resort to the selection of certain species that, despite being not very abundant in grasslands, play an important nutritional and functional role, improving the quality of their diets.
Effects of a Home-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in GOLD B Group: A Pilot Study

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) B group can be included in pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) settings outside the hospitals. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of a home-based pulmonary rehabilitation (HBPR) program and assess its impact on patients with COPD in the GOLD B group. A real-world, pre–post intervention study was conducted with 12 weeks of HBPR (presential home visits and phone calls) using the self-management program Living Well with COPD. The 1-min sit-to-stand test (1MSTS), modified Medical Research Council Questionnaire (mMRC), COPD Assessment Test (CAT), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and London Chest Activity of Daily Living (LCADL) were used to assess the impact. Pre–post differences and correlations between changes in outcomes were calculated. In 30 patients (71.6 years, FEV1 (%) 52.8), significant improvements (p < 0.05) were observed on 1MSTS (Pre 17.2, Post 21.2), mMRC (Pre 2.0, Post 1.0), CAT (Pre 16.3, Post 9.9), HADS (Pre 14.4, Post 9.6), and LCADL (Pre 21.0, Post 15.8), with no adverse events reported. When significant, correlations between changes in outcomes were moderate or strong (0.48 ≤ ρ ≤ 0.66). HBPR can be feasible and safe, and it shows the potential to significantly improve outcomes of patients with COPD in the GOLD B group.
Promoting Health and Food Literacy through Nutrition Education at Schools: The Italian Experience with MaestraNatura Program

MaestraNatura is an innovative nutrition education program aimed at both enhancing awareness about the importance of a healthy food–lifestyle relationship and the ability to transfer the theoretical principles of nutrition guidelines to everyday life. The educational contents of the program resulted from the analysis of the answers to a questionnaire submitted to students aged 6–13 in order to assess their degree of knowledge about nutritional facts. Educational paths were specifically designed and implemented to address the main knowledge gaps identified through the analysis of the answers and were then tested for teachers’ satisfaction in a sample of 56 schools in the north, centre, and south of Italy, involving 790 classes, 600 teachers, and 15,800 students. The results showed an approval rating from teachers from 90% to 94%. Said paths were designed for primary (6–10 years old) and first-level secondary (11–13 years old) school students. In addition, in a pilot study carried out in nine Educational Institutes located in an area close to Rome (Lazio region), a specific path was tested for effectiveness in increasing students’ knowledge about fruit and vegetables by conducting questionnaires before (T0) and after (T1) the didactic activities. Results showed a significant increase in right answers at T1 with respect to T0 (z = 2.142, p = 0.032). Fisher’s exact probability test showed an answer variability depending on the issue considered. In conclusion, this work could be considered as a first necessary step toward the definition of new educational program, aimed at increasing food literacy and favouring a healthier relationship with food, applicable in a widespread and effective manner, also outside of Italy.
Prevalence and Correlates of Suicide Ideation and Attempt among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Services at Public Hospitals in Southern Ethiopia

Background Suicide ideation and attempt are common among pregnant women, risk factors for completed suicide, and associated adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. It is under-recognized and has not been investigated well in low-income countries like Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with suicide ideation and attempt among pregnant women attending antenatal care services at public hospitals in southern Ethiopia. Methods A group of 762 pregnant women who were attending the antenatal service at public hospitals in Hawassa, southern Ethiopia, selected by a systematic random sampling technique, took part in an interview. A Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to measure suicide ideation and attempt. Chi-square and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the associated factors. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used for reporting the result with a p-value<0.05 statistical significance level. Results The prevalence of suicide ideation and attempt among pregnant women was 11.8% and 2.7%, respectively. Unplanned pregnancy (AOR=2.01, 95% CI=1.04–3.88), poor social support (AOR=3.29, 95% CI=1.62–6.68), common mental disorders (AOR=2.77, 95% CI=1.50–5.09), and lifetime suicide ideation (AOR=4.63, 95% CI=2.63–8.16) were factors significantly associated with suicide ideation. Social support was the only correlated factor with suicide attempt among pregnant mothers. Conclusion The prevalence of suicide ideation and attempt among pregnant women was found to be high. Intervention strategies towards suicidal ideation and attempt should consider improving social support and antenatal related common mental disorders with a primary focus on women with unplanned pregnancy and prior history of suicide ideation.