Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Capturing Harmful Air Pollutants Using an Electrospun Mesh Embedded with Zinc-based Nanocrystals

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are compounds consisting of metal ions supported by organic ligands and may have the potential to combat the growing issue of air pollution. Zeolithic midazolateframework-8 (ZIF-8) is a specific MOF that has favorable qualities for use in an air filter including high porosity, high surface area, and a high positive surface charge. ZIF-8 is known to be capable of adsorbing particulate matter. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine the effectiveness of ZIF-8 in adsorbing polar, gaseous air pollutants, specifically nitrogen dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. In order to determine effectiveness, the percent change in concentration for each gas after the application of ZIF-8 crystals was measured via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). This is a technique used to obtain high resolution infrared absorption or emission spectra of solids, liquids or gases over a wide spectral range. Both experimental gases, nitrogen dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, were adsorbed by an average of ~32% over just 5 minutes, and the leakage within the capsule was an average of ~3.5%. These results were confirmed with the Kruskal-Wallis tests (p-value = 0.05). In the future, ZIF-8 could be embedded into existing air filters or electrospun on its own and tested for its effectiveness in adsorbing other polar pollutants such as carbon monoxide and ammonia. Our work highlights crystals as a potentially promising alternative or addition to current filter materials to reduce atmospheric pollution.
Distinguishing Tsunami from Storm Deposits in Eastern North America: The 1929 Grand Banks Tsunami versus the 1991 Halloween Storm

Tsunami deposits related to the 1929 Grand Banks earthquake and washover deposits related to the 1991 Halloween storm differ in their sedimentary characteristics and positions on the landscape. Regarding sedimentary characteristics, the tsunami deposits are composed of one to three subunits of massive to fining-upward, very coarse- to fine-grained sand, whereas the storm deposits consist of interbedded and laminated coarse-, medium-, and fine-grained sand, exhibiting delta foreset stratification and subhorizontal, planar stratification with channels. Regarding landscape position, the tsunami deposits occur up to 343 m inland, including landward of tidal ponds, and up to 6 m above mean sea level, as well as 3 m above the barrier-beach bars and related dunes; the wash-over deposits occur up to 94 m inland, immediately landward of barrier-beach bars and in adjacent tidal ponds, and up to 1.2 m above mean sea level but no higher than the barrier-beach bars. These observations compared with those from other studies form the basis of proposed criteria for distinguishing paleotsunami from paleostorm deposits in the geologic record. If paleotsunami deposits can be identified with confidence, they will contribute to assessment of tsunami and seismic hazards along the coast of eastern North America and elsewhere.
On the alternating field demagnetization characteristics of multidomain thermoremanent magnetization in magnetite

It is demonstrated that the stability against af demagnetization of TRM carried by multidomain magnetite increases with increasing strength of the inducing field. This multidomain field-dependence trend of stability against af demagnetization is opposite to that of single-domain particles. A simple test to distinguish multidomain and single-domain carriers of remanence is designed that makes use of the distinctive af demagnetization characteristics. The test was applied to a variety of igneous rocks. None of these showed truly multidomain characteristics. Thus, although some TRM is undoubtedly multidomain in these rocks, the TRM is dominated by single-domain carriers. These results are consistent with the growing evidence of the importance of very fine grained magnetite as a carrier of NRM in many igneous rocks.
Pisoliths and Ooliths from Some Australian Caves and Mines

ABSTRACT The occurrence, nature and origin of calcareous concretions, principally of the pisolithic type, developed in pools on the floors of caves and mines in Australia, are described from (i) a cave near Cape Schanck lighthouse on the south coast of the Mornington Peninsula, south central Victoria; (ii) the Murrendal Caves near Buchan in Eastern Victoria; (iii) a cave at Chillagoe, Queensland; and from mines at (a) Bendigo in the Northern district of Victoria, (b) St. Arnaud in the Wimmera district of Victoria, (c) Harrietville in the northeastern district of Victoria and (d) Broken Hill in New South Wales. Pisoliths are also recorded from (e) the Ballarat mining district in Victoria.
Average structure and storm‐time change of the polar topside ionosphere at sunspot minimum

A synoptic model of the topside ionosphere above 40°N at sunspot minimum is constructed by statistically summarizing more than 3000 Alouette 1 N-h profiles obtained in 1962, 1963, and 1964 during geomagnetically quiet intervals. The characteristic features of ‘polar peak,’ ‘auroral peak,’ ‘trough,’ ‘winter spur,’ and ‘midlatitude evening increase’ are shown. The storm-time change is derived by comparing a storm-time (Kp = 9−) profile with the average quiet-interval profile. Physical explanations are discussed with emphasis on the role of ionospheric drift and plasma escape from the magnetospheric tail.
Estimação da área foliar por método não destrutivo, utilizando medidas lineares das folhas de espécies de Passiflora

The objective of the present study was to develop a reliable equation which enables a fast and non-destructivecalculation of leaf area using linear leaf measures from dif ferent Passiflora species (P. alata, P . coccinea, P . giber tii, P .ligularis, P . misera, P . mucr onata, P . nitida, P . setacea ). Three hundred leaves with dif ferent sizes were collected fromeach species. It was performed the analysis of regression of leaf area versus lenght of the main vein, greatest leaf widthand their product. Leaf area was measured with a device for automatic measurement and linear measures were determinedusing a ruler . The linear model chosen for all species, was the one which uses independent variables product becauseit presents the greatest coefficient of determination (R²) and significative coefficient of regression. The models showedadjusted coefficient of determination higher than 0.927 and optimal performance index, according to the classificationof Camargo and Sentelhas. In the process of model validation, it was shown that the correlation between measured leafarea and observed leaf area was very high. The results of this study demostrate that leaf area of Passiflora species canbe predicted, using the measurements of the length and width of leaves.Key words : passion fruit, linear measures, Passifloracea, model validation.
Short Paper: The Start-Perranporth line: a Devonian terrane boundary in the Variscan orogen of SW England?

In the Variscides of SW Britain, the Start-Perranporth line (SPL) trends E-W and shows a history of dextral transpression. It is proposed that during the Devonian the SPL marked a major basement fault which formed the northern margin of a continually infilled group of dextral pull-apart basins, locally floored by oceanic crust. In SW Britain transtension may have arisen due to dextral motions along a terrane boundary which separated the ORS Continent from an Armorican microplate to the south. The faulted continental margin may then have acted as an oblique buttress to the advancing Variscan nappes, inducing dextral transpression, large scale backfolding, and forming the SPL.
Phosphorus Adsorption by Ceramic Suction Lysimeters

Ceramic tension lysimeters are often used to sample soil water; however, the chemical composition and adsorption capability of the ceramic cup material may introduce uncertainties in the P concentration of the leachate being sampled. The goal of this study was to test a methodology for evaluating ceramic tension lysimeters to sample soil water containing PO4–P. Our results indicated varying chemical composition of the three ceramic materials evaluated (referred to here as Ceramics A, B, and C) with Ceramic A having the greatest P, Al, Ca, Mg, and K concentrations. Phosphorus sorption for Ceramics A and C was best described by the Freundlich isotherm, while the P sorption of Ceramic B was best described by the Langmuir isotherm. Ceramic A accurately estimated solutions of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 20 mg P kg−1, while Ceramics B and C accurately estimated only the 20 mg P kg−1 solution. Ceramics B and C underestimated the 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg P kg−1 solutions by 23 to 89%. This underestimation of the P concentration was attributed to P adsorption due to the presence of Al, Fe, Ca, and Mg in the ceramics. These findings imply that before ceramic lysimeters are used to collect soil water samples, the effect of the ceramic samplers on the composition of the water sample should be assessed to explore the P concentration range appropriate for a given ceramic lysimeter.
Phase transitions, Grüneisen parameter, and elasticity for shocked iron between 77 GPa and 400 GPa

Sound velocities determined in iron, shock compressed to pressures between 77 GPa and 400 GPa, indicate that two phase transitions exist on the Hugoniot. A discontinuity in sound velocities at 200 ± 2 GPa may mark the transition of e iron to γ iron. A second discontinuity at 243 ± 2 GPa is believed to indicate the onset of melting. The calculated temperature at melting lies between 5000 K and 5700 K. When extrapolated from the Hugoniot melting point, the Lindemann criterion yields an estimate of 5800 ± 500 K for the melting of pure iron at the inner core boundary pressure of 330 GPa. The product of density times the thermodynamic Gruneisen parameter in liquid iron, calculated from the present data, is 19.6 ± 0.8 Mg m−3. A temperature profile ranging from 3800 K at the core-mantle boundary to 5000 K at the earth's center is calculated using the present data. Sound velocities for e iron provide a better match to seismic velocities for the earth's inner core than do those of γ iron. A comparison between liquid iron velocities and the velocity profile through the outer core provides further evidence for alloying of iron with “lighter elements” in the core.
CLASSIFICATION OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE AND OTHER NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS USING VOICE FEATURES EXTRACTION AND REDUCTION TECHNIQUES

This study aimed to differentiate individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) from those with other neurological disorders (ND) by analyzing voice samples, considering the association between voice disorders and PD. Voice samples were collected from 76 participants using different recording devices and conditions, with participants instructed to sustain the vowel /a/ comfortably. PRAAT software was employed to extract features including autocorrelation (AC), cross-correlation (CC), and Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) from the voice samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to reduce the dimensionality of the features. Classification Tree (CT), Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Ensemble methods were employed as supervised machine learning techniques for classification. Each method provided distinct strengths and characteristics, facilitating a comprehensive evaluation of their effectiveness in distinguishing PD patients from individuals with other neurological disorders. The Naive Bayes kernel, using seven PCA-derived components, achieved the highest accuracy rate of 86.84% among the tested classification methods. It is worth noting that classifier performance may vary based on the dataset and specific characteristics of the voice samples. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the potential of voice analysis as a diagnostic tool for distinguishing PD patients from individuals with other neurological disorders. By employing a variety of voice analysis techniques and utilizing different machine learning algorithms, including Classification Tree, Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machines, and Ensemble methods, a notable accuracy rate was attained. However, further research and validation using larger datasets are required to consolidate and generalize these findings for future clinical applications.
The Impact of Community-Driven Development Program on Rural Households Economic Well-being: Evidence from Village Funds

Indonesia has implemented the concept of community-driven development in rural areas through village funds since 2015. Village funds are one of the instruments to minimize the impact of Covid-19 in rural areas. This research was conducted to provide an overview of the impact evaluation of village funds on the economic well-being of rural communities in each household quantile. This study uses data on the characteristics of 35,759 households obtained from merging results of the March & September 2020 Susenas data with the village fund data in each district/city area. Data were analyzed using smoothed instrumental variables quantile regression, which overcame endogeneity issues and produced robust estimates. The study results show that the village fund has a positive and significant impact on the economic well-being of rural households. Still, their impact is felt more by the upper middle class and households in the Sumatra region.
Evaluation of some Hematological and Inflammatory Factors in Iraqi Patients Suffering from COVID-19 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

COVID-19 is a newly recognized sickness spreading rapidly worldwide and causing many consequences and deaths. Diabetes Mellitus(DM) is suggested as a risk factor that contributes to the severity and mortality of COVID-19. The present study investigates the levels of Lymphocytes, Neutrophils, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and ferritin, in COVID-19 patients who suffer from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and those without T2DM. 80 participants enrolled in this study, distributed into 4 groups; Group 1 (G1) included 20 patients with COVID-19 and T2DM; Group 2 (G2) comprised of 20 patients with COVID-19; Group 3(G3) included T2DM patients. In addition, 20 individuals were taken as a healthy control group. The patient samples were obtained from Ibn-AlKhateeb Hospital /Baghdad in the period between February to April 2022. A hematology automated device was utilized to count lymphocytes and neutrophils, while a biochemical automated device was employed to measure D-dimer, CRP, and ferritin. Regarding the blood immune cells, there was a significant decrease in lymphocyte counts and a significant increase in neutrophil counts in G1 and G2 groups compared to the healthy control group. The serum levels of the studying markers(CRP, D-dimer, and ferritin )were increased in the G1, G2, and G3 compared to the control group. Furthermore, patients in the G1 group had higher levels of these markers than in other groups, which are considered prognostic markers for COVID-19 infection.
Mechanisms of decadal arctic climate variability in the community climate system model, version 2 (CCSM2)

Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain natural climate variability in the Arctic. These include processes related to the influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation/Arctic Oscillation (NAO/AO), anticyclonic/cyclonic regimes, changes in the oceanic and atmospheric North Atlantic-Arctic exchange, and changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. After a brief critical review, the influence and interrelation of the above processes in a long climate integration of the Community Climate System Model, version 2 (CCSM2) are examined. The analysis is based on the time series of surface air temperature integrated northward of 70 degrees N, which serves as a useful proxy for general Arctic climate conditions. This gives a large-scale view of the evolution of Arctic climate. It is found that changes in oceanic exchange and heat transport in the Barents Sea dominate in forcing the Arctic surface air temperature variability in CCSM2. Changes in atmospheric circulation are consistent with a wind forcing of this variability, while changes in the deep overturning circulation in the Atlantic are more weakly related in CCSM2. Over some time periods, the NAO/AO is significantly related to these changes in Arctic climate conditions. However, this is not robust over longer time scales.
MODIFICATION OF SEDIMENT TEXTURE AND ENHANCEMENT OF INTERSTITIAL MEIOFAUNA BY AN ARTIFICIAL REEF

SUMMARY This study investigates the effect of a large artificial reef on nearby sediment distribution and associated meiofauna. Turbulence caused by prevailing swells resulted in resuspension and further size sorting of the sediment in the vicinity. The sand became slightly, but significantly, finer on the port flank, in the lee of the wave trains, compared to starboard undisturbed terrain, which we used as control. No significant difference in biogenic carbonate content could be detected with respect to the two sides, while sediment detritus was enhanced on port. Nematodes and oligochaets became significantly more abundant on port relative to starboard and the control. Overall, meiofauna standing biomass (gC. 100 ml−1 sediment) near the hull was enriched with respect to open ground. The significance of this to higher trophic levels remains unproven.
Understanding the mathematical background of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have gained widespread attention since their introduction, leading to numerous extensions and applications of the original GAN idea. A thorough understanding of GANs' mathematical foundations is necessary to use and build upon these techniques. However, most studies on GANs are presented from a computer science or engineering perspective, which can be challenging for beginners to understand fully. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an overview of the mathematical background of GANs, including detailed proofs of optimal solutions for vanilla GANs and boundaries for $f$-GANs that minimize a variational approximation of the $f$-divergence between two distributions. These contributions will enhance the understanding of GANs for those with a mathematical background and pave the way for future research.
Modeling the nonlinear effect of wind on rectilinear tidal flow

[1] Observations of near-bed alongshore flow in 4–10 m depth at Terschelling, Netherlands, show that strong alongshore winds (≈15–20 m/s) in the flood direction reduce the tide current range and alter the tidal flow curve by bringing maximum flood flow forward in time and delaying maximum ebb flow. These nonlinear effects, which are more pronounced in shallower water, are reproduced well by a single-point model in the vertical driven by large-scale (O(km)) sea surface gradients and wind stress, using a quadratic bottom stress formulation and a time-dependent eddy viscosity derived from a k-e turbulence closure model. Subsequent idealized model simulations using a (Terschelling based) M2 sea-surface gradient and wind speeds between 0 and 20 m/s show that the wind-induced modifications of the tidal flow are consistent with the interaction of the wind-induced flow with the tidal flow through the quadratic bed stress. The wind-driven flow enhances friction during the flood phase more than it reduces friction during the ebb flow, thereby increasing friction over a tidal cycle and, as a consequence, reducing the tide current range. The predicted increase in asymmetry of bed friction during flood and ebb flow with increasing wind speed also increases (decreases) the M4 (M6) amplitude, consistent with the observations. The M4/M2 amplitude ratio is predicted to be largest when the flow has just become unidirectional (that is, when the wind-driven flow equals the tidal current).
Short timescale variations of ƒCO2 in a North Atlantic warm‐core eddy: Results from the Gas‐Ex 98 carbon interface ocean atmosphere (CARIOCA) buoy data

During a Lagrangian deliberate tracer study in the North Atlantic, the 1998 Gas Exchange Experiment, hourly measurements of wind speed, sea surface temperature, f CO 2 , and fluorescence were made from two carbon interface ocean atmosphere (CARIOCA) drifting buoys in a warm-core eddy near 46°N and 21.5°W over a period of approximately 20 days. Shipboard measurements of f CO 2 near the buoys were used to verify the buoy operation, calibrate the buoy measurements, and assess the performance of the f CO 2 sensor. The strong air-sea f CO 2 gradient in the eddy and intense atmospheric forcing during the experiment provided ideal conditions for demonstrating the potential of autonomous drift buoy measurements for studies of surface ocean biogeochemistry, where changes of f CO 2 were rapid and large. During the experiment a storm occurred with wind speeds reaching as high as 16-17 m s -1 , leading to a sharp decrease in sea surface temperature and an increase in f CO 2 of ~30 μatm. The magnitude of this sudden change in f CO 2 is equal to approximately half of the annual range of f CO 2 in this area. The air-sea flux estimate for the ~20 day experiment using the Wanninkhof [1992] gas transfer velocity formulation was -0.012 mol m -2 d -1 and using the Liss and Merlivat [1986] formulation was -0.007 mol m -2 d -1 . The storm event, lasting 3-4 days, accounted for ~38% of the flux over this period. Approximately 16 hours after the onset of the storm, there was an increase in surface fluorescence coincident with the initial increase in f CO 2 . Nitrate measurements made from the ship in the eddy show a sharp peak in surface concentrations ~24 hours after the increase in winds and ~6-8 hours after the increase in surface fluorescence. After the upwelling of the NO 3 the fluorescence increases more sharply while the f CO 2 decreases, consistent with biological productivity. The surface fluorescence measurements remain higher than prestorm conditions for ~5 days after the NO 3 has disappeared.
Adaption and validation of simplified Chinese version of the Low Back Pain Knowledge questionnaire (sC-LKQ)

Introduction Low back pain (LBP) knowledge questionnaire (LKQ) was developed by a Brazilian research group in 2009. It has been cross-culturally adapted to many languages with good reliability and validity. This work aimed to translate and validate the LKQ into a simplified Chinese version and to evaluate the self-efficacy in LBP among Chinese participants from China and Hungary. Methods A total of 431 people participated in this research, which lasted from September 2021 to June 2022 and was conducted on the Credamo online platform. The simplified Chinese LKQ (sC-LKQ) was generated through translation and cross-cultural adaptation guidelines. The participants were selected to fill out demographic questions, the sC-LKQ, and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). The reliability and validity of the data were evaluated using SPSS 28.0. Results The sC-LKQ showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha was 0.79), and the intraclass correlation value was 0.85. There were five components in the questionnaire with good construct validity. The scores of RMDQ had negatively correlated with sC-LKQ. Conclusion In the Chinese population, the sC-LKQ demonstrated excellent psychometric qualities and could be used to evaluate self-efficacy in clinical practice and research.