Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Karyotype of the Mongolian Gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus

The Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus, is a relatively new experi mental animal in the area of biomedical research when compared with micee and rats. However, because the gerbils are susceptible to human disease causing agents such as brucella, tuberculin bacillus, rabies virus etc., the use of this organism as an experimental animal will increase in the future. Meriones unguiculatus has been grouped into the subgenus Pallasiomys of the rodent genus Meriones (Chaworth-Musters and Ellerman 1947). All previous chromosomal data concerning the genus Meriones have been recently reviewed by Nadler and Lay (1967). In order to better understand the genetics of this organism, we have started a program of inbreeding. This paper describes the karyotype analysis of Meriones unguiculatus which differs from. those already published.
BRGAN: Generating Graphs of Bounded Rank

Graph generation is a task that has been explored with a wide variety of methods. Recently, several papers have applied Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to this task, but most of these methods result in graphs of full or unknown rank. Many real-world graphs have low rank, which roughly translates to the number of communities in that graph. Furthermore, it has been shown that taking the low rank approximation of a graph can defend against adversarial attacks. This suggests that testing models against graphs of different rank may be useful. However, current methods provide no way to control the rank of generated graphs. In this paper, we propose BRGAN: a GAN architecture that generates synthetic graphs, which in addition to having realistic graph features, also have bounded (low) rank. We extensively evaluate BRGAN and show that it is able to generate synthetic graphs competitive with state-of-the-art models, with rank equal to or lower than the desired rank.
Fertility patterns of migrants from low-fertility countries in Norway

This research was supported by the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (FORTE), grant number 2018-00310, and the Swedish Initiative for Research on Microdata in the Social and Medical Sciences (SIMSAM), grant 340-2013- 5164, as well as Statistics Norway.
Nutrient intake variability induced by processing of food diary data: A pilot study

Accurate assessment of nutrient intake of the population represents one of the main challenges in food and nutritional science. Evaluation of food diary is a complicated process, involving choosing the appropriate nutritional database and having well qualified personnel (coders) to work with it. The aim of this study was a comparison of nutrient intake data obtained from one weighed 5-day food diary processed by five master degree students, studying nutrition, focusing on coding errors. Nutrition evaluation was done by Prodi 5.7 Expert Plus computer programme and IBM SPSS Statistics 20 for statistical analysis. Results of our pilot study show that variability of calculated data induced by food coding lonesome is acceptable. Nevertheless putting other errors into account, results can be misleading. On a five-day level macronutrients intake variability is between 5 and 15%, while energy intake variability is within 6%. Uncommon food items and complex composition of the meal have the major impact on observed high standard deviations on a separate meal level. In conclusion the main reason of food coding errors is inaccuracy and incorrect identification of specific food items.
Effects of Harvesting Age and Spacing on Leaf Yield and Essential Oil Yield of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of harvesting age and spacing on agronomic and chemical traits of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Data on plant height, branch number/plant, fresh and dry leaf weight/plant, fresh and dry leaf yield/ha, essential oil (EO) content and EO yield/ha were collected and analyzed. Harvesting age exerted a very highly significant (P < 0.001) influence on plant height and dry leaf weight/plant, and a highly significant (P < 0.01) influence on dry leaf to stem ratio. Spacing affected fresh and dry leaf weight/plant very highly significantly (P < 0.001) and highly significantly (P < 0.01) plant height. The interaction effect of harvesting age and spacing was significant (P < 0.05) on dry leaf yield/ha, EO content and yield, and highly significant (P < 0.01) on fresh leaf yield/ha. Maximum plant height and dry leaf weight/plant were obtained 11 months after transplanting (MAT) and maximum dry leaf to stem ratio at 9 MAT. Higher plant height was attained at 60 × 60 cm while higher fresh and dry leaf weight/plant at 90 × 90 cm. Higher fresh leaf yield/ha (38.43 t) and dry leaf yield/ha (10.83 t) were obtained at 60 × 60 cm at 9 MAT. Maximum EO content (2.77 %) and EO yield (271.43 kg) were recorded at 10 MAT at a spacing of 90 × 120 cm and 60 × 60 cm, respectively. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Detecção molecular e análise filogenética do gene H de amostras do vírus da cinomose canina em circulação no município de Campinas, São Paulo

Canine distemper virus (CDV), a Morbillivirus of the family Paramyxoviridae, is the etiological agent of neurological and systemic disease in dogs. The laboratory diagnosis of infection requires viral isolation or detection of genetic material of the virus in secretions or tissues of dogs with clinical suspicion of the disease. The genetic diversity among isolates of CDV can be assessed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the gene that encodes the viral hemagglutinin (H gene), and there is currently a special interest in comparing the strains currently circulating in the field with the genogroup America-1, which comprises strains present in vaccines available in the market. In this study, the molecular detection of CDV gene H was performed from biological samples harvested ante-and post-mortem from 15 dogs with clinical signs suggestive of canine distemper in the metropolitan region of Campinas, Sao Paulo. Ten of the 15 dogs examined had at least one positive organ under molecular detection and the obtained amplicons were sequenced and further analyzed by molecular phylogenetic analysis. Similarly to what has already been reported on previous studies regarding the diversity of the gene H in other countries, the phylogenetic reconstruction obtained for the samples of cases of distemper from Campinas region showed they were grouped with the North American, European and Japanese newly described samples, a genetic group distinguished from classical samples of CDV, named America-1, which encompasses the vaccine strains Snyder Hill, Onderstepoort and Lederle.
Morphology and Protein Composition of Gas Vesicles from Wild Type and Gas Vacuole Defective Strains of Halobacterium salinarium Strain 5

The morphology and protein composition of gas vesicles isolated from wild-type and gas vacuole defective (gvdef) isolates of Halobacterium salinarium strain 5 have been analysed. Two general vesicle shapes were found: spindles, and cylinders with short biconical ends. Wild-type strains contained a majority of spindle-shaped vesicles (94 %), while 69% of the vesicles in gvdef strains were cylindrical. Electrophoretic analysis of gas vesicle proteins showed that vesicle preparations contained only a single major protein species. In addition, the polypeptide in vesicles from the gvdef strain migrated more slowly than that from the wild-type strain. From the rates of electrophoretic migration, the molecular weights of gas vacuole proteins in the wild-type and gvdef strains were estimated as 16 800 and 18200, respectively. Data provided here are consistent with the suggestion that polypeptide processing may be involved in the formation and assembly of gas vesicles in Halobacterium.
DETERMINANTS OF FDI INFLOWS TO POLAND, CZECH REPUBLIC AND HUNGARY IN CONTEXT OF INTEGRATION INTO EUROPEAN UNION

The economic transformation of Central European countries is inextricably linked to the inflow of foreign direct investment. Since opening their economies to inflows of foreign direct investments, Poland the Czech Republic and Hungary have attracted the largest FDI stock among all transition countries in Europe. The size of received FDI is affected not only by cost factors and market conditions, but also by the overall investment climate and political stability in the host country. Integration with the European Union is one of the important factors that reduce transaction costs (by removing internal barriers to free movement of goods, services and capital) as well as reducing overall investment risk. The purpose of this article is to determine the influence of selected factors on FDI inflow in Poland, Czech Republic and Hungary during the period 1996–2012. The model besides traditional factors such as market size, labor costs, and the openness of the economy, also takes into account the “EU factor”. Conducted analysis allowed to determine whether the signing of European Union Association Agreement has brought the candidates countries benefits in terms of FDI inflows. There have also been assessing the impact of full membership in the European Union on the ability of countries to attract inward FDI stock.
DERLEME / REVIEW

Astım havayolu inflamasyonu ile seyreden çeşitli klinik özelliklere sahip bir hastalıktır. Dünyada yaklaşık 300 milyon insanı etkileyen bir inflamatuvar hastalıktır. Astım semptomları alerjenler gibi risk faktörlerinden kaçınarak ve etkili inhaler tedavi ile kontrol altına alınmaktadır. Astımlı hastaların büyük bir çoğunluğu uygun tedavi ile kontrol altına alınmaktadır. Astımlı hastaların % 5-10’unu oluşturan zor astım klinisyenler için tanımı ve tedavisi hala zor bir grubu oluşturmaktadır. İş gücü kaybı ve ekonomik maliyet açısından yüksektir. Uygun tedaviye rağmen bazı olguların kontrolü zorlaşmaktadır. Standart tedavi ile kontrol edilemeyen, steroide bağımlı veya dirençli astım olgularını içermektedir. Astıma bağlı ölümlerin çoğu ağır olan veya stabil olmayan grupta görülmektedir. Heterojen bir hastalık olan astımda farklı fenotipler vardır ve net olarak anlaşılmamıştır. Tedavi yönetimi için multidisipliner yaklaşım gerekmektedir. Ağır astım hastalığın ilk yıllarında veya yıllar sonra gelişebilir. Ağır astımda fenotipe özgü tedaviler günümüzde önem kazanmıştır ve tedavi maliyeti yüksektir. Genetik, çevresel faktörler, yaş ve hastalık süresinin ağır astımda rolü olduğuna dair kanıtlar vardır. Özellikle genetik ve çevresel faktörler ağır astımda önemli rol oynamaktadır. Ağır astım olduğu düşünülen hastalar dikkatle değerlendirilmelidir. Birçok hastalık astımı taklit edebilir. Bu hastalarda öncelikle astım tanısı doğrulanmalıdır. KOAH ve vokal kord disfonksiyonu ayırıcı tanıda özellikle dikkat edilmesi gerekli hastalıklardır. İkinci olarak hastanın tedaviye uyumu gözden geçirilmelidir. Ardından sigara içimi, atopik durum, çalışma ortamı ve aspirin aşırı duyarlılığı gibi faktörler araştırılmalıdır. Aynı zamanda ek hastalıklar gibi astım kontrolünü etkileyebilen durumlar gözden geçirilmelidir. Astımı zorlaştıran durumlar tek tek araştırılmalıdır. Bu derlemede ağır astım tanımı, ayırıcı tanıların dışlanması, fenotipleri ve tedavi yaklaşımları ele alınmıştır.
Interval between clutches, fitness, and climate change

Timing of optimal reproduction can be affected by the presence of multiple broods, with multi-brooded species breeding earlier (and later) than the optimal timing of breeding as compared with single-brooded species that only need to optimize the timing of a single brood. Approximately two-thirds of barn swallows Hirundo rustica produce 2 broods per year, and I tested whether the constraints on timing of reproduction were affected by climate change because climatic amelioration would allow both an earlier start and a later termination of reproduction. The duration of the interval between first and second clutches and the variance in the duration increased during 1971--2005 when temperature during spring, but not summer, increased rapidly. Interclutch interval was shorter when mean date of breeding was late and also among late-breeding individuals during individual years. When clutch size and brood size of the first clutch were large, interval until the second brood increased. Pairs with a long interval produced more fledglings than pairs with a short interval. Pairs with first broods with strong mean T-cell--mediated immune responses took shorter time to start their second clutch, whereas mean body mass or tarsus length of first broods were not significantly related to interclutch interval. Interclutch interval increased with the size of a secondary sexual character, the length of the outermost tail feathers of adult male barn swallows, but not with tail length of females, or with size of several other phenotypic characters in either sex. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the duration of the interclutch interval is determined by a combination of environmental conditions, reproductive effort, and sexual selection. Copyright 2007.
The effects of freezing on flesh proteins

Abstract Flesh proteins, in the context of this article, are taken to be the component proteins of the contractile muscle of animals used for food (i.e., meat, poultry, and fish). Attention is given to the similarities and differences between the proteins from these different sources and in particular to the effects on them of freezing and frozen storage. It is believed that myosin and action, the main contractile proteins, are largely responsible for the functional properties of flesh foods, and that on frozen storage, myosin, in particular, undergoes aggregation reactions which lead to toughening of the muscle and a loss in water‐holding capacity. Variation in stability of flesh of different species on frozen storage can be attributed to some extent to the intrinsic characteristics of the respective myosins. Myosin from fish is generally less stable than its mammalian or avian counterparts and this is reflected in the stability of the flesh on frozen storage. Cryoprotectants, usually in the form of low .
The Taboo Against Explicit Causal Inference in Nonexperimental Psychology

Causal inference is a central goal of research. However, most psychologists refrain from explicitly addressing causal research questions and avoid drawing causal inference on the basis of nonexperimental evidence. We argue that this taboo against causal inference in nonexperimental psychology impairs study design and data analysis, holds back cumulative research, leads to a disconnect between original findings and how they are interpreted in subsequent work, and limits the relevance of nonexperimental psychology for policymaking. At the same time, the taboo does not prevent researchers from interpreting findings as causal effects—the inference is simply made implicitly, and assumptions remain unarticulated. Thus, we recommend that nonexperimental psychologists begin to talk openly about causal assumptions and causal effects. Only then can researchers take advantage of recent methodological advances in causal reasoning and analysis and develop a solid understanding of the underlying causal mechanisms that can inform future research, theory, and policymakers.
Discount Focus Subgroup Method: An innovative form of focus group method used in researching an emerging technology

This paper develops an innovative focus group method—discount focus subgroup (DFSG) method—through its application in research aimed at identifying the ethical and social concerns of using an emerging technology, called near field communication, for mobile payments. The DFSG method was needed to address the challenges encountered when this research was conducted, such as limited financial research resources, the emergent nature of the research topic and the challenges of gathering and analysing qualitative data. This paper illustrates when and how to use the DFSG method. It provides the methodological steps for its application, which can be followed while researching emerging topics in information systems. The paper also discusses why DFSG is an innovative method and reflects on its application.
Analysis of Road Traffic Accident Claimants Evaluated for Medico-Legal Assessment, Pretoria, South Africa

Published Date: 14 January 2019 Abstract Background: Injuries sustained after a road traffic accident (RTA) can lead to financial distress through loss of a source of income. The victim could sustain a permanent disability which could also affect the family. Objectives: The objective was to analyze road traffic claimants/victims with musculoskeletal injuries who presented for medico-legal assessment for compensation. Methods: This was a retrospective study analyzing the files of 3000 claimants who presented for medico-legal evaluation in order to obtain compensation from the Road Accident Fund (RAF) following a road traffic accident based on the assessment of a private orthopaedic surgeon for a period of six years. Results: More males (66.6%) than females (33.4%) were involved in the study. The majority of claimants (70.6%) were working before the accident occurred and students accounted for about (15.8%). About 1162 (54.9%) of workers were able to return to work but 955 (45.1%) lost their jobs. For those who returned to their workplace, 1063 (91.5%) went back to the same position and 99 (8.5%) were redeployed. Private cars (78.3%) were responsible for many accidents. Passenger involvement (52.2%) was higher than that of drivers (15.9%) and pedestrians (31.3%). The cervical spine (21.9%) had higher number of body injuries. The leg (18.8%) sustained higher extremity fracture. Associated musculoskeletal injury was head injury (64.5%). Some claimants presented with multiple injuries at an average of 1.3%. Majority of claimants were admitted in government hospitals (85.6%) than private hospitals (14.4%) and (74%) of those who were admitted were treated surgically. Conclusion: The study had a high number of socio-economically active males involved in road traffic accidents. Majority of claimants were treated in government hospitals. Hence there is a high demand for many trauma hospitals in every province to combat the vast needs of those requiring specialized medical treatment.
Factors Influencing Purchase Intention On Online Shopping Of The University Student

The study aims to explore the factors that influence university’s students purchase intention towards online shopping About 140 respondents were collected through questionnaire. Each question was taken from previous research, which based on quantitative survey method. SPSS software was used to analyze each data. The result shows that there are significant relationships between perceived benefits and perceived of trust on purchase intention with regard to online shopping. However, the data shows that perceived of risk does not correlate to purchase intention. Based on analysis, the result reveals that 51.4% of the respondents spend approximately 1 hour or less on online shopping platform. In addition, the university students are likely to shop online due to the technological advances. To conclude, the results exhibit females are most likely to perform online shopping compared to males. Most students use Shopee and Lazada as main platform for the purpose. Furthermore, female spent minimum less than an hour to shop and things preferred to buy is clothing while taking the price of the product into consideration, particularly. Keyword: Online shopping, purchase intention, factor influence.
DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACT OF MONETARY POLICY IN SRI LANKA1

The impact of monetary policy on income inequality has recently come to the attention of the academia and policy makers. At the same time, growing inequality, particularly in advanced economies, has attracted the attention of central bankers (Yellen, 2014; Bernanke, 2015; Draghi, 2016). As summarized by Furceriab, Loungania and Zdzienicka (2018), extensive literature has suggested many causes of inequality such as the technological progress, demographics, globalization and the structure of the labor market and more recently, monetary policy has also been added to this list as a possible cause. As argued by Romer and Romer (1998), one pertinent question that can be raised is whether monetary policy can be used as a tool to influence inequality, which in turn affects poverty levels of an economy4.
Post Colectomy Ileitis in patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Diagnostic Challenge

Aims: Post-colectomy ileitis is a common yet challenging disease entity. We present our management approach in these complex patients. Methods: We present a case series of four patients with post-colectomy ileitis in patients with Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Results: Despite optimal medical therapy, these patients underwent subtotal colectomy with end ileostomy and were discharged with tapering steroid regimen. They represented acutely (2-4 weeks) or chronically (months to years) with severe abdominal pain and/or problematic stoma output. Three patients required re-laparotomies, with two requiring further small bowel resection. Histology revealed necrosis and perforation but no granulomas. Diagnosis of post-colectomy ileitis was made. Both patients who underwent further bowel resection responded well to steroid therapy with Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) and remain on endoscopic surveillance. Symptomatic control was achieved with systematic/local steroid therapy in the remaining two patients.
Maternal Investment in Captive Bonnet Macaques (Macaca radiata)

The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether differences in the number of male and female offspring produced by high- and low-ranking bonnet macaques were offset by differences in the amount of investment allocated toward male and female progeny. There were no significant sex differences in the duration of interbirth intervals or survival to weaning, and no significant differences in the effects of immature male and female progeny on maternal mortality or ability to invest in future offspring. Thus, in this population, low-ranking females appeared to allocate more investment toward their sons than toward their daughters. The data suggest that in the long run, low-ranking females may also benefit more from investing in males than in females. The daughters of low-ranking females suffered high mortality as juveniles, and the daughters of low-ranking females who survived to adulthood achieved low dominance ranks. By the end of the report period, low-ranking females had produced no surviving grandchildren through their daughters, whereas high-ranking females had produced 12 surviving grandchildren through their daughters.