Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SIGNIFICANCE OF N-BIOFIXATION AND FOLIAR SPRAY WITH Zn AND Co ELEMENTS FOR IMPROVING FABA BEAN PRODUCTIVITY UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS OF MIDDLE NILE DELTA AREA, EGYPT

: A field experiment was conducted on a clayey soil during two successive winter seasons of 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 at Damas village, Mit Ghamer district, El Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt to evaluate the effectiveness of seed inoculation with rhizobium and foliar spray with zinc and cobalt on faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) yield and its components as well as seed protein and nutrient contents. Zinc and cobalt sulphates were applied at three rates of 0, 250 and 500 mg L -1 for Zn and 0, 15 and 25 mg L -1 for Co. Yield and its components ( i.e., number of tillers plant -1 ), number & dry weight of nodules and nitrogenase activity of root nodules plant -1 at two investigated periods of 45 and 70 days from sowing as well as number of pods plant -1 , grain contents of protein and elements ( i.e., N, P, K, Fe, Zn, Cu & Co). Soil content of available nitrogen forms (NH 4+ and NO 3- ) after 70 days from sowing and at harvest were taken into consideration in this study. The obtained data show that seed inoculation with rhizobium inoculation and foliar spray with Zn and Co led to a significantly increased in each of tiller plant -1 , number of pods plant -1 , grain protein, grain and straw yields in kg fed -1 . A parallel trend was occurred for the positive effect of the applied treatments on faba bean grain contents of N, K, Fe, Zn, Cu and Co, however, the greatest values were achieved at the highest rates of 500 and 25 mg L -1 of Zn and Co, respectively. On the other hand, no changes were observed for grain content of P by increasing the applied Zn and Co rates, may be due to the antagonism between Zn and P. As for the beneficial effects of the applied treatments on the available nitrogen content in the experimental soil, data show that seed rhizobium inoculation as well as Zn and Co as foliar application resulted in a noticeable increase for available content of nitrogen forms (NH 4+ and NO 3- ) at both investigated periods of 70 days after sowing and at harvest as compared to the control treatment. At the same times, it is noticed that the available N-forms gave the greatest values at 70 days after sowing as well as in case of Zn foliarly as compared to at harvest and case of Co. This was true, since such increase was more closely to the nitrogenase activity. It is noteworthy to mention that seed inoculation and Zn or Co foliar application showed a parallel trend for the pronounced increases of all tested plant and soil parameters as compared to the control treatment under both studied growing season conditions. So, it could be said that the residual effect of N-bio-fixation in the soil after harvest leading to rationalize use of N-mineral fertilizers for the next crop, which is surplus point for sustainable agriculture system.
Dense Z-pinches

This book contains papers on the following research on dense Z- pinches: Z-pinches as high-power radiation sources; radiation hydrodynamic and radiative collapse; modeling of high-power pinches; MHD stability; fusion; the vacuum spark; generation of megagauss magnetic fields; and other pinches and plasma focus. (LSP)
Costs and Returns Analysis Associated with Egg Production among Backyard Poultry Keepers in Kaduna North Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria

: The costs and returns analysis associated with egg production among backyard poultry keepers in Kaduna North local government area of Kaduna State, Nigeria was evaluated. Primary data were collected from 30 farmers drawn from the study area using multi stage, purposive and random sampling techniques. Analysis of data was carried out with the use of descriptive statistics, net income analysis (budgeting) and profitability ratios. The result revealed that majority of the farmers are male (76.67 %) and 83.33 % were married. Majority of the farmers 83.33 % of the farmers had post primary education. 96.67 % of the poultry keepers are in their active working age of between 21 and 60 years with most of them 90 % having over 5years experience in egg production with an average bird size of 268. The net income analysis indicated that an average farmer invested annually N 1,931,634.50 in poultry egg production with a total return of N 2,325,573.13. The gross margin and net income were N 491,557.63 and N 393, 938.63 respectively. These figures suggest that egg production in the study area is a profitable venture. The result also revealed that disease outbreak, high cost of feed, high cost of vaccine/drugs high mortality rate, egg spoilage and poor power supply were identified as the problems hindering egg production in the study area. The study therefore recommends that extension agents should intensify effort to educate poultry farmers about improved management practices that will lead to reduction of disease outbreak and affordable drugs / vaccine should be made available to the farmers at a substituted price by government and government should develop and enforce livestock feeds standards in order to protect farmers from dubious feed millers.
Microbial Composition and Structure of Aerobic Granular Sewage Bioﬁlms (cid:1)

Aerobic activated sludge granules are dense, spherical bioﬁlms which can strongly improve puriﬁcation efﬁciency and sludge settling in wastewater treatment processes. In this study, the structure and development of different granule types were analyzed. Bioﬁlm samples originated from lab-scale sequencing batch reactors which were operated with malthouse, brewery, and artiﬁcial wastewater. Scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy together with ﬂuorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) allowed insights into the structure of these bioﬁlms. Microscopic observation revealed that granules consist of bacteria, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), protozoa and, in some cases, fungi. The bioﬁlm develop- ment, starting from an activated sludge ﬂoc up to a mature granule, follows three phases. During phase 1, stalked ciliated protozoa of the subclass Peritrichia, e.g., Epistylis spp. , settle on activated sludge ﬂocs and build tree-like colonies. The stalks are subsequently colonized by bacteria. During phase 2, the ciliates become completely overgrown by bacteria and die. Thereby, the cellular remnants of ciliates act like a backbone for granule formation. During phase 3, smooth, compact granules are formed which serve as a new substratum for unstalked ciliate swarmers settling on granule surfaces. These mature granules comprise a dense core zone containing bacterial cells and EPS and a loosely structured fringe zone consisting of either ciliates and bacteria or fungi and bacteria. Since granules can grow to a size of up to several millimeters in diameter, we developed and applied a modiﬁed FISH protocol for the study of cryosectioned bioﬁlms. This protocol allows the simultaneous detection of bacteria, ciliates, and fungi in and on granules.
Amyloid- (cid:2) Peptide A (cid:2) 3pE-42 Induces Lipid Peroxidation, Membrane Permeabilization, and Calcium Influx in Neurons *

Pyroglutamate-modified amyloid- (cid:2) (pE-A (cid:2) ) is a highly neurotoxic amyloid- (cid:2) (A (cid:2) ) isoform and is enriched in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer disease compared with healthy aged controls. PyroglutamateformationincreasestherateofA (cid:2) oligomerization and alters the interactions of A (cid:2) with Cu 2 (cid:3) and lipids; however, a link between these properties and the toxicity of pE-A (cid:2) peptides has not been established. We report here that A (cid:2) 3pE-42 has an enhanced capacity to cause lipid peroxidation in primary cortical mouse neurons compared with the full-length isoform (A (cid:2) (1–42)). In contrast, A (cid:2) (1–42) caused a significant elevation in cytosolic reactive oxygen species, whereas A (cid:2) 3pE-42
Marital and coparenting relationship: Associations with parent and child symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective: Examine relations between symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and reports of marital and coparenting functioning. Method: Parents of 8 to 12 year old boys with ( n = 26) and without ( n =38) ADHD participated. Results: Although mothers of children with ADHD had the highest levels of ADHD symptoms, their symptoms were typically not related to measures of the couples’ functioning, particularly when controlling for family ADHD and comorbidities. Father ADHD symptoms were related to their reports of couple functioning, and fathers’ ADHD symptoms were associated with their negative attributions for their wives’ behavior, even with child and mother ADHD controlled. However, when fathers’ depression and hostility symptoms were controlled, these were more important predictors of the attributions than ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: It is important to consider parental levels of ADHD symptoms in the context of other family members' symptoms as well as other forms of psychopathology.
University of Birmingham Kinetic multi-layer model of gas-particle interactions in aerosols and clouds (KM-GAP)

We present a novel kinetic multi-layer model for gas-particle interactions in aerosols and clouds (KMGAP) that treats explicitly all steps of mass transport and chemical reaction of semi-volatile species partitioning between gas phase, particle surface and particle bulk. KMGAP is based on the PRA model framework (P öschl-RudichAmmann, 2007), and it includes gas phase diffusion, reversible adsorption, surface reactions, bulk diffusion and reaction, as well as condensation, evaporation and heat transfer. The size change of atmospheric particles and the temporal evolution and spatial profile of the concentration of individual chemical species can be modeled along with gas uptake and accommodation coefficients. Depending on the complexity of the investigated system and the computational constraints, unlimited numbers of semi-volatile species, chemical reactions, and physical processes can be treated, and the model shall help to bridge gaps in the understanding and quantification of multiphase chemistry and microphysics in atmospheric aerosols and clouds. In this study we demonstrate how KM-GAP can be used to analyze, interpret and design experimental investigations of changes in particle size and chemical composition in response to condensation, evaporation, and chemical reaction. For the condensational growth of water droplets, our kinetic model results provide a direct link between laboratory observations and molecular dynamic simulations, confirming that the accommodation coefficient of water at ∼270 K is close to unity (Winkler et al., 2006). Literature data on the evaporation of dioctyl phthalate as a function of particle size and time can be reproduced, and the model results suggest that changes in the experimental conditions like aerosol particle concentration and chamber geometry may influence the evaporation kinetics and can be optimized for efficient probing of specific physical effects and parameters. With regard to oxidative aging of organic aerosol particles, we illustrate how the formation and evaporation of volatile reaction products like nonanal can cause a decrease in the size of oleic acid particles exposed to ozone.
Complete Genome Sequence and Analyses of the Subgenomic RNAs of Sweet Potato Chlorotic Stunt Virus Reveal Several New Features for the Genus Crinivirus with predicted stable secondary structures on RNA1 and RNA2. Our study

The complete nucleotide sequences of genomic RNA1 (9,407 nucleotides [nt]) and RNA2 (8,223 nt) of Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV; genus Crinivirus , family Closteroviridae ) were determined, revealing that SPCSV possesses the second largest identiﬁed positive-strand single-stranded RNA genome among plant viruses after Citrus tristeza virus . RNA1 contains two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) that encode the replication module, consisting of the putative papain-like cysteine proteinase, methyltransferase, helicase, and polymerase domains. RNA2 contains the Closteroviridae hallmark gene array represented by a heat shock protein homologue (Hsp70h), a protein of 50 to 60 kDa depending on the virus, the major coat protein, and a divergent copy of the coat protein. This grouping resembles the genome organization of Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV), the only other crinivirus for which the whole genomic sequence is available. However, in striking contrast to LIYV, the two genomic RNAs of SPCSV contained nearly identical 208-nt-long 3 (cid:1) terminal sequences, and the ORF for a putative small hydrophobic protein present in LIYV RNA2 was found at a novel position in SPCSV RNA1. RNase RNA1). RNA1 in of RNA2. The (cid:1) ends of seven sgRNAs were cloned and sequenced by an approach that provided compelling evidence that the sgRNAs are capped in infected plants, a novel ﬁnding for members of the Closteroviridae.
Spurious Indo‐Pacific Connections to Internal Atlantic Multidecadal Variability Introduced by the Global Temperature Residual Method

The relative contributions of external forcing and internal processes to the observed spatial and temporal characteristics of “Atlantic Multidecadal Variability” (AMV) are still under debate. Here, the efficacy of the commonly‐used “global temperature residual method” for isolating the internal component of AMV is investigated by means of model Large Ensembles where the truth is known a priori. In this method, local sea surface temperature variability associated with global‐mean temperature (G) is removed via linear regression, and the residuals regressed upon the North Atlantic residual timeseries. We show that this method introduces spurious connections over the Indo‐Pacific due to the fact that G in any single realization includes both external and internal components: the latter dominated by influences from Pacific Decadal Variability independent of AMV. This methodological shortcoming can be overcome by using the forced component of G in the residual method applied to individual model realizations and to observations.
Word Spotting for Arabic Handwritten Historical Document Retrieval using Generalized Hough Transform

— Because of the high noise levels in historical documents and the great amount of variability in handwriting, handwritten historical documents are currently transcribed by hand. Easy access to such documents requires an index, which is currently created manually at great cost. The goal of the Word Spotting idea, applied to handwritten documents, is to greatly reduce the amount of annotation work that has to be performed, by grouping all words into clusters. This paper explores the use of GHT (Generalized Hough Transform) in case of word spotting for Arabic handwritten historical document retrieval. We applied GHT to identify all positions of a given word in a document. It has the advantage of being relatively unaffected by image noise. Experiments that have been conducted on the historical documents of the Tunisian national Archive show the advantage of the proposed approach.
Ca 2 1 inﬂux inhibits voltage-dependent and augments Ca 2 1 -dependent K 1 currents in arterial myocytes

Ca 2 1 inﬂux inhibits voltage-dependent and augments Ca 2 1 -dependent K 1 currents in arterial myocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 277 ( Cell Physiol. 46): C51–C63, 1999. —These experiments were performed to determine the effects of reducing Ca 2 1 inﬂux (Ca in ) on K 1 currents ( I K ) in myocytes from rat small mesenteric arteries by 1 ) adding external Cd 2 1 or 2 ) lowering external Ca 2 1 to 0.2 mM. When measured from a holding potential (HP) of 2 20 mV ( I K20 ), decreasing Ca in decreased I K at voltages where it was active ( . 0 mV). When measured from a HP of 2 60 mV ( I K60 ), decreasing Ca in increased I K at voltages between 2 30 and 1 20 mV but decreased I K at voltages above 1 40 mV. Difference currents ( D I K ) were determined by digital subtrac- tion of currents recorded under control conditions from those obtained when Ca in was decreased. At test voltages up to 0 mV, D I K60 exhibited kinetics similar to control I K60 , with rapid activation to a peak followed by slow inactivation. At 0 mV, peak D I K60 averaged 75 6 13 pA ( n 5 8) with Cd 2 1 and 120 6 20 pA ( n 5 9) with low Ca 2 1 concentration. At test voltages from 0 to 1 60 mV, D I K60 always had an early positive peak phase, but its apparent ‘‘inactivation’’ increased with voltage and its steady value became negative above 1 20 mV. At 1 60 mV, the initial peak D I K60 averaged 115 6 18 pA with Cd 2 1 and 187 6 34 pA with low Ca 2 1 . With 10 mM pipette BAPTA, Cd 2 1 produced a small inhibition of I K20 but still increased I K60 between 2 30 and 1 10 mV. In Ca 2 1 -free external solution, Cd 2 1 only decreased both I K20 and I K60 . In the presence of iberiotoxin (100 nM) to inhibit Ca 2 1 -activated K 1 channels (K Ca ), Cd 2 1 increased I K60 at all voltages positive to 2 30 mV while BAY K 8644 (1 µM) decreased I K60 . These results suggest that Ca in , through L-type Ca 2 1 channels and perhaps other pathways, increases K Ca (i.e., I K20 ) and decreases voltage- dependent K 1 currents in this tissue. This effect could contribute to membrane depolarization and force mainte- nance.
The inﬂuence of substrates and physicochemical factors on the composition of diatom assemblages in karst springs and their applicability in water-quality assessment

The methodological standards of monitoring programs recommend collecting material from stones, but this community is often absent in slow-ﬂowing waters, whereas a great number of localities do offer bryophytic material for sampling. In order to investigate whether the kind of substrate (epilithic or bryophytic) inﬂuences the diatom-based biomonitor-ing results the structure of diatom assemblages from 13 anthropogenically altered springs were investi-gated. To examine differences between diatom assemblages, the species richness of diatom assemblages, H 0 (Shannon-Wiener diversity index), Trophic Diatom Index (TDI) and Speciﬁc Pollution sensitivity Index (SPI) were compared. The TDI and SPI differed signiﬁcantly ( P = 0.002 and P = 0.004) between springs located in villages and springs away from villages, and did not differ signiﬁcantly between epilithic and bryophytic samples ( P [ 0.05). No signiﬁcant differences in species richness or the diversity index ( H 0 ) ( P [ 0.05) were found between the epilithic and bryophytic diatom assemblages. This study suggests that both the kinds of substrates can be successfully used for diatom-based water-quality bio-monitoring in mesotrophic and eutrophic environments. epilithon, submerged bryophytes, o oligotraphentic, ind of a broad spectrum of trophic conditions, m mesotraphentic, m-e meso-eutraphentic, eutraphentic, mes mesosaprobous, a alk
Characterization of the Basal Proximal Promoter of the Human Retinol Dehydrogenase 10 Gene

Retinol Dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10) is essential for retinoic acid synthesis during embryonic development, and previous studies have shown that RDH10 can also catalyze the final step of the retinoid visual cycle to generate the visual chromophore 11- cis -retinal. RDH10 is widely expressed during embryogenesis, but its expression becomes restricted in adulthood to the retinal Muller cells and Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE). Interestingly, RDH10 expression is very high in RPE, the cell type in which the retinoid visual cycle generates 11- cis retinal. Despite the importance of RDH10 in embryonic retinoic acid synthesis, and the high probability that RDH10 also contributes to the generation of visual chromophore, very little is known about how RDH10 expression is regulated. Previous studies have shown that RDH10 mRNA expression correlates with protein expression, suggesting that RDH10 expression is primarily controlled at the level of transcriptional regulation. The present study utilizes luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays to characterize the basal proximal promoter of the human RDH10 gene, which spans up to -923 base pairs before the transcription start site. We also identify a specific transcription factor II B (TFIIB) binding site that is necessary for maximum promoter activity in human Telomerase-immortalized RPE (hTERT-RPE1) cells. TFIIB is important for recruiting the RNA polymerase II complex to initiate transcription, but it can also aid in the recruitment of tissue-specific transcription factors that selectively amplify gene expression. Thus, identification of a pertinent TFIIB site in the RDH10 proximal promoter is important for understanding the transcriptional regulation of RDH10 gene expression to produce widespread expression in embryonic tissues and later maintain and amplify expression in adult RPE.
PHMT_A_343535 533..541

1Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Purpose: To assess mothers’ approaches to infant sleep practices. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted on mothers with babies aged below five months who were attending paediatric clinics between November 1st, 2020, and January 5th, 2021, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results: A total of 522 mothers participated in this study. A total of 38.9% practised exclusive formula feeding. A total of 61.9% of the participants practised the supine position. The majority (93.3%) of the mothers shared a room with their babies, while 34.7% shared a bed. Only 6.9% did not use any soft bedding. Age was a significant predictor associated with participant practices regarding sleeping and feeding positions (p < 0.05). Having two or more children was associated with improper sleeping practices (p < 0.05). Being non-Saudi and having a university degree or higher were associated with having a higher risk of unsafe practices regarding bed-sharing (p < 0.05). On the other hand, being contacted by a doctor, nurse, or other healthcare worker about safe sleep practices were an important factor that influenced safe practices regarding feeding (p < 0.05). Receiving care at a private hospital was associated with safer practices regarding sleeping position and bed-sharing (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We observed high-risk sleeping practices among Saudi mothers. This includes using soft bedding and unsafe sleeping positions. The importance of this study lies in the future implementation of this result through public health measures aimed at at-risk populations.