Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Performance of Direct Restorative Techniques Utilizing Long Fibers for “Horizontal Splinting” to Reinforce Deep MOD Cavities—An Updated Literature Review

Excessive cavity preparation and root canal treatment leads to a weakened tooth structure with a lower resistance to fracture. Fiber reinforcement is frequently used to reinforce such teeth, and multiple fiber types and possible applications exist. Various methods for utilizing long fibers to internally splint the remaining cavity walls in the case of large mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavities have been proposed; however, no summary of their performance has been written up to now. Our study aims to review the available literature to evaluate and compare the mechanical performance of the different materials and methods utilized for horizontal splinting in large MOD cavities. Three independent authors performed a thorough literature search using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar up until January 2022. The authors selected in vitro studies that used long fibers placed horizontally in posterior teeth with large MOD cavities to reinforce these teeth. From 1683 potentially relevant articles, 11 publications met our inclusion criteria. Seven out of eleven studies showed that horizontal splinting with long fibers improved the fracture resistance of the restored teeth. Three articles showed no significant difference between the fracture resistance of the restored groups. Only one article reported a lower fracture resistance to the horizontally splinted group, compared to conventional direct composite restoration. Within the limitations of this review, evidence suggests that long fiber reinforcement could be used to improve the fracture resistance of heavily restored teeth.
Genetic Polymorphisms of Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 and Risk of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Post Hepatitis C Cirrhotic Patients

Background: Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) is efficient chemokine for activated lymphocytes, macrophages as well as monocytes during infections, which directly or indirectly affects neutrophil infiltration. Objective: This study aimed to determine whether genetic variants of the MCP-1 are associated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in individuals with post hepatitis C. Patients and methods: Sixty patients with post-hepatitis C virus liver cirrhosis and ascites were included in the study. They were divided into two groups: 30 patients with SBP in Group I & 30 patients who had not been diagnosed with SBP in group II. Thirty healthy participants were included in the control group. PCR-RFLP was used to detect the MCP1gene polymorphism, and all patients had their medical histories, physical examinations, and laboratory tests completed, including ascitic sample analysis. Results: According to MCP-1 2518 genotypes, there was a statistically significant difference in alleles and MCP-1 2518 between the groups analyzed (p≤0.001 & p=.003 respectively). Both SBP and non-SBP groups studied showed statistically significant differences in MCP-1 2518 genotypes and alleles (p=0.037& p= .038 respectively). Moreover, SBP and control groups had significantly different MCP-1 2518 genotypes and alleles, (p≤0.001 & p=.003 respectively). Ascitic individuals with AG genotype had a 5.24-fold increased chance of developing SBP, compared to those with the GG genotype (COR=0.46). Ascitic patients who carry the G allele are less likely to develop SBP (COR=0.45). Conclusion: Patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis have statistically significant difference in MCP-1 2518 genetic polymorphism and AG genotype increases risk of SBP while G allele significantly decreased risk of it.
MANAGEMENT OF SOYBEAN ROOT ROT DISEASES USING MICROWAVE THERMOTHERAPY, POTASSIUM SILICATE AND SODIUM BICARBONATE

Soybean root rot diseases were occurred wherever soybean cv. Giza 111 grown among different districts of Assiut and El-Minia Governorates, Egypt. Root rot incidence was varied with different districts and growing seasons. Disease incidence significantly higher in 2015 (10.71%) than 2014 (6.16%). Assiut district recorded the highest district (12.35%) followed by Dermowas (8.65%). Six fungal species belong to five genera, namely Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria sp. , and Stemphylium sp. were frequently isolated from root rotted soybean samples. The highest frequency (33.5%) was record by F. solani followed by F. oxysporum (20%), R. solani (18.0%), M. phaseolina (17.0%), Alternaria sp. (6.0%) and Stemphylium (5.5%). Only the tested isolates of F. soalni , F. oxysporum, M. phaseolina and R. solani were pathogenic. Microwave electric field radiation (MER), K. silicate (PS) and Na. bicarbonate (SB), were significantly reduced soybean root rot when seeds were treated before planting. In addition, MER treated seeds for 6 sc exposure time and subsequently
Number of Teeth Is Related to Craniofacial Morphology in Humans

Simple Summary In modern humans, congenital absence of one or more permanent teeth has a prevalence of 22.6% when considering the third molars and of 6.4% when not. Its high prevalence, in conjunction with evolutionary findings pinpointing to a steady reduction in teeth number, raises the question whether the congenital absence of teeth in modern humans is an evolutionary trend rather than an anomaly. Previous studies have shown that modern humans with less teeth also have smaller faces; however, the association between teeth number and craniofacial morphology remains unclear. Here, we show that less teeth are associated with a flatter profile and a decreased facial height. These findings support the claim of a broader relationship between number of teeth and overall craniofacial development and have evolutionary implications, since face reduction comprises also an evolutionary trend in humans. Abstract One of the most common dental anomalies in humans is the congenital absence of teeth, referred to as tooth agenesis. The association of tooth agenesis to craniofacial morphology has been previously investigated but remains unclear. We investigated this association by applying geometric morphometric methods in a large sample of modern humans. In line with previous studies, we report here that a reduced teeth number is linked to a less convex profile, as well as to a shorter face. The effects were similar for males and females; they increased as the severity of the tooth agenesis increased and remained unaltered by the inclusion of third molars and of allometry in the analysis. Furthermore, in cases with tooth agenesis only in the maxilla, there was no detectable effect in mandibular shape, whereas maxillary shape was affected independently of the location of missing teeth. The robustness of the present sample along with the shape analysis and the statistical approach applied, allowed for thorough testing of various contributing factors regarding the presence but also the magnitude of effects. The present findings suggest a relationship between number of teeth and overall craniofacial development and have evolutionary implications.
Valuing the Future and Discounting in Random Environments: A Review

We address the process of discounting in random environments, which allows valuation of the future in economic terms. We review several approaches to the problem regarding different well-established stochastic market dynamics in the continuous-time context and include the Feynman–Kac approach. We also review the relation between bond-pricing theory and discounting and introduce both the market price of risk and the risk neutral measure from an intuitive point of view devoid of excessive formalism. We provide the discount for each economic model and discuss their key results. We finally present a summary of our previous empirical studies for several countries on the long-run discount problem.
Effect of an Educational Program on Satisfaction and Outcomes among Patients with Femoral Neck Fracture

Background: Femoral neck fractures are one of the most common fracture types occurring in the elderly worldwide, which are associated with significant mortality, morbidity and disability rates. Aim of study: Was to evaluate the effect of an educational program on satisfaction and outcomes among patients with femoral neck fracture. Design : A quasi -experimental design was used. Setting: The study was conducted at Orthopedics ward, at Al Shifa Medical Hospital, in the Gaza Strip- Palestine. Study sample : A purposive sampling of adult patients between 18 and 60 years old from both genders was approached to recruit 68 patients. Subjects were divided into study and control group (34 patients in each). Tools: The patients’ satisfaction questionnaire and the Barthel index of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) were used, in addition to socio-demographic clinical characteristics and patients’ knowledge regarding the fractures. Results: Majority of subjects in the intervention group were satisfied (94.1%), however, it decreased after month post intervention (79.4%). The mean knowledge score significantly improved immediately post and one month post the intervention (15.56±1.92 and 19.56±1.83, respectively). Similarly for the activities of daily living (10.0±2.42, and 16.94±2.90, respectively). significant positive correlation was seen between the ADL and patients' knowledge immediately post and after one month (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The education program resulted in significant improvement of patients' knowledge, satisfaction and outcomes immediately and one month post intervention. patients' knowledge correlate positively with ADL. Recommendation: The educational program implementation to patients’ knowledge support should be included in routine nursing care as a protocol pre and post femoral neck fracture surgery and at the time of follow up phase.
Impact of Rutin and Other Phenolic Substances on the Digestibility of Buckwheat Grain Metabolites

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) is grown in eastern and central Asia (the Himalayan regions of China, Nepal, Bhutan and India) and in central and eastern Europe (Luxemburg, Germany, Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina). It is known for its high concentration of rutin and other phenolic metabolites. Besides the grain, the other aboveground parts of Tartary buckwheat contain rutin as well. After the mixing of the milled buckwheat products with water, the flavonoid quercetin is obtained in the flour–water mixture, a result of rutin degradation by rutinosidase. Heating by hot water or steam inactivates the rutin-degrading enzymes in buckwheat flour and dough. The low buckwheat protein digestibility is due to the high content of phenolic substances. Phenolic compounds have low absorption after food intake, so, after ingestion, they remain for some time in the gastrointestinal tract. They can act in an inhibitory manner on enzymes, degrading proteins and other food constituents. In common and Tartary buckwheat, the rutin and quercetin complexation with protein and starch molecules has an impact on the in vitro digestibility and the appearance of resistant starch and slowly digestible proteins. Slowly digestible starch and proteins are important for the functional and health-promoting properties of buckwheat products.
Eltrombopag as an Allosteric Inhibitor of the METTL3-14 Complex Affecting the m6A Methylation of RNA in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells

N6A-methyladenosine (m6A) post-transcriptional modification, the most abundant internal RNA modification, is catalyzed by the METTL3-14 methyltransferase complex. Recently, attention has been drawn to the METTL3-14 complex regarding its significant roles in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), attracting the potential of novel therapeutic targets for the disease. Herein, we report the identification and characterization of eltrombopag as a selective allosteric inhibitor of the METTL3-14 complex. Eltrombopag exhibited selective inhibitory activity in the most active catalytic form of the METTL3-14 complex by direct binding, and the mechanism of inhibition was confirmed as a noncompetitive inhibition by interacting at a putative allosteric binding site in METTL3, which was predicted by cavity search and molecular docking studies. At a cellular level, eltrombopag displayed anti-proliferative effects in the relevant AML cell line, MOLM-13, in correlation with a reduction in m6A levels. Molecular mechanism studies of eltrombopag using m6A-seq analysis provided further evidence of its cellular function by determining the hypomethylation of leukemogenic genes in eltrombopag-treated MOLM-13 cells and the overlapping of the pattern with those of METTL3-knockdown MOLM-13 cells. In conclusion, eltrombopag was first disclosed as a functional METTL3-14 allosteric inhibitor in AML cells, which could be utilized for the further development of novel anti-AML therapy.
Influence of Added Cassava Flour (Manihot esculenta) on the Properties of kareish cheese

The effect of adding Cassava Flour (Manihot esculenta) CF on the yield, physicochemical, microbiological, rheological, and sensory properties of kareish cheese was studied. CF was added at 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. to skim milk used in making of kareish cheese. Addition of CF resulted in significant effect on fibers, protein, ash, moisture, acidity, and WHC contents of cheese. by increasing its concentration. Molds and yeasts did not appear in all treatments with added CF up to 29 days of cold storage, however they appear in control after 21 days. Results also showed a decrease in the numbers with an increase of added CF, compared with the control. Gradual increase in adhesiveness, gumminess, cohesiveness, chewiness, and springiness was observed with the increase of added CF, while an opposite trend was detected in the hardness. Significant increase in the yield of all treatments of cheese with added CF, compared with the control. From the above mentioned results, it could be concluded that addition of CF could be useful, especially at 1% in the making of functional Kareish cheese of with functional property and of high quality.
Gender Segregation Across Engineering Majors: How Engineering Professors Understand Women’s Underrepresentation in Undergraduate Engineering

ABSTRACT Women’s persistent underrepresentation in undergraduate engineering is a well-documented concern. One issue missing from many discussions on the topic, however, is that women are not equally underrepresented in all engineering majors. Furthermore, a significant portion of the research focuses solely on women’s experiences within engineering. We know far less about how key stakeholders, such as faculty, understand gender stratification in engineering education. Faculty are influential figures who have been shown to play a central role in introducing students to the profession and can significantly impact students’ experiences. This article addresses these gaps by examining the reasons engineering professors provide to explain women’s underrepresentation across majors. Using data from 23 in-depth interviews at one university, the findings demonstrate how the majority of faculty mobilize gendered images to position some majors as feminine and others as masculine, and then suggest that this impacts women’s choices of fields. Chemical engineering, however, served as an interesting case in this study because it was described as gender diverse. These findings contribute to discussions about the construction of gendered cultures within engineering and show how engineering faculty play a role in this process.
EFFECT OF DIETARY GRAPE SEED EXTRACT SUPPLEMENTATION ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF AGED TWO LOCAL STRAINS OF LAYING HENS

The current work aimed to study the effects of dietary grape seed extract (GSE) supplementations at different levels on the productive performance of aged two local strains (Matrouh and Inshas) laying hens. A total number of 120 Inshas and 120 Matrouh strain birds at 48-wks-old were used in this experiment up to 64weeks.of age in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. All birds in each strain were individually weighed and randomly divided into four equal experimental groups (thirty laying hens of each) with three replicates (ten laying hens each) with almost similar initial average body weight. Within each strain, the 1 st group was fed the basal diet without supplementation while, the 2 nd , 3 rd , and 4 th groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 600, 1200 and 1800 mg GSE/kg diet, respectively. The obtained results of the present work could be summarized as follows: Hens of Inshas strain had significantly (P≤0.05) heavier egg weight greatest egg production and egg mass when compared with those of Matrouh at all intervals studied. Hens fed diet supplementation with 1200mg GSE/Kg diet record highest egg production and egg mass. The interaction between strain and dietary GSE supplementation levels was significant (P≤0.01) on egg weight at all ages studied except during the interval of 56-60 weeks of age. Hens of Inshas had significantly lower values of FCR than those of Matrouh during 48 – 52 weeks of age. Hens received diet contained 1200 mg GSE/ kg diet showed significantly the best FCR at intervals of 52-56, 56-60, 60-64 and 48-64 weeks of age when compared with the control and other treatment groups. The interaction between strain and dietary GSE supplementation levels was significant on FCR at all ages studied. During the whole period (48-64 weeks of age), hens of Inshas fed diet supplemented with 1200 mg GSE/ kg diet showed the best feed conversion ratios in comparison with the control and other treatment groups. Conclusively, it is could be concluded that supplementation of GSE into layer diet caused beneficial effects on their productive performance.
Evaluation of Microleakage of Premixed Bioceramics and Bio MTA as Furcal Perforation Repair Materials in Primary Teeth

Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microleakage of premixed BioCeramics (BCs) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) for sealing primary molar furcal perforations. Materials and Methods : This study was carried out on 30 extracted mandibular primary molars. Perforations of the furcation areas were created in the pulp chamber floor of the teeth. The molars were then divided randomly in two groups (n=15). Perforations were then repaired with biocompatible materials. After 72 h, the teeth were immersed in 2% basic fuchsine dye solution for 24h. The teeth were then sectioned longitudinally and evaluated for dye leakage. Data analyzed statistically using ANOVA test. Results : There was a statistically significant difference between the micro leakage of MTA (1669.25±140.59 µm) and premixed Bioceramics(1275.21±235.998 µm) groups (P>0.008). Conclusion: Premixed Bioceramics appeared to have superior sealing ability than MTA in perforation repair in primary teeth.
Using a Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor to Measure Residual Strain in the Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding Process

Vinyl ester (VE) resin has strong environmental tolerance and is the matrix commonly used in the composite materials of fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP). VE resin is often combined with glass fiber in different maritime structures, such as wind turbine blades, spinner cases, and nacelle cases. However, VE resin exhibits exothermic reactions and shrinkage during curing, which often generates residual strain in large structures and those with a high stacking number. This study explored the exothermic reaction and shrinkage of VE resin and glass fiber during the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process, as measured using a fiber Bragg grating sensor. The experiment results verified the relationship between the stacking number and residual strain shrinkage. In addition, the symmetric laminate method was used to prevent the bending–twisting coupling effect and subsequent warping deformation of the FRP laminated plate during curing. The experiment results also verified that the bottom layers of the FRP laminated plates produced using VE resin were closer to the mold, and exhibited more shrinkage as the stacking number increased. In addition, this study discovered that during the experiment, the symmetry layer of the FRP laminated plate had a higher exothermic temperature than the bottom layer as a result of the symmetry layer’s ineffective heat dissipation. Therefore, the curing shrinkage of the symmetry layer resin was measured. The experiment results indicated that if the stacking number was between 10 and 30, the residual strain shrinkage of the symmetry layer was greater than that of the surface layer. However, because of the symmetric laminate, the residual strain of the symmetry layer did not increase when the temperature increased. Therefore, the greatest residual strain occurred at the surface of the bottom layer of the laminated plate with a stacking number of 40.
Weekday and Weekend Differences in Eating Habits, Physical Activity and Screen Time Behavior among a Sample of Primary School Children: The “Seven Days for My Health” Project

Background: Healthy eating and active lifestyle habits are essential for a child’s development, wellbeing, and health. School setting and family environment play a crucial role in shaping these habits and this could be reflected in different behavior patterns during weekdays and weekends. Methods: We investigated primary school children’s lifestyle habits through a cross-sectional analysis of 428 Italian primary school children, with a mean age of 8.99 years (±1.43). Data were collected from May to June 2017 using a weekly diary to assess children’s lifestyles. Results: Children who eat their morning snack and lunch at school three or more times during the weekdays were 5.47 times more likely (95% CI 3.02, 10.2) to consume adequate snacks and 7.79 times more likely (95% CI 4.43, 14.5) to have adequate meals than those who did not. Conclusion: Consumption of vegetables, lunch, and snacks are significantly more adequate during the weekdays as compared to the weekends. Physical activity levels did not differ between weekdays and weekends. Moreover, children spent more time engaged in physical activities than in front of a screen during both the weekdays and the weekends. The present results are good indicators of the importance of the school canteen in defining correct eating habits. Family-based and school-based interventions could represent valuable integrative strategies for promoting a healthy lifestyle in children.
Effects of Daily Exposure to Microwave Radiation on Biophysical Properties of Rat's Cornea

T HE present study was conducted to investigate the harmful effects of daily exposure to microwave radiation on the cornea of rats. Forty eight, healthy, mature male Wister Albino rats (180-200 g) were classified into 6 groups of 8 rats each. Group (I) was used as control group which was sham exposed. Groups (II, III, IV,V and VI) were exposed to1.944×10- 2 mW microwave radiation 8 hours a day for one, three, five, seven and nine days respectively. All rats were decapitated and rat’s eyes were enucleated immediately at the end of exposure period. Total soluble protein content, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis and histopathological examination were carried out on cornea. The results obtained showed that the total soluble protein content of cornea decreased by increasing exposure time to microwave radiation. The most prominent changes in FTIR were detected in NHOH, CH stretching and fingerprint regions after irradiation with microwave for 9 successive days (8 hours/ day). Histopathological examination of cornea revealed that rats exposed to . 1.944×10 -2 mW microwave radiation for 1 and 3 days show no change in all corneal layers. The pronounced change was observed after 5, 7 and 9 days of daily exposure to microwave radiation. Finally, it is concluded that daily exposure to microwave radiation has the potential to cause biological effects in corneal tissue. soluble protein content, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and histopathological examination.