Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the leakage current in junctionless nanowire transistors

This letter presents an analysis of the leakage current in Junctionless Nanowire Transistors. The analysis is performed using experimental data together with three-dimensional numerical simulations. The influences of the temperature, device dimensions, and doping concentration have been studied. The results of inversion-mode devices of similar dimensions are also presented for comparison purpose.
Quantum statistical mechanics of closed-ring molecular chains

A model for a closed-ring unhindered three-dimensional macromolecular chain, based on Quantum Mechanics, is presented. Upon starting from an exact non-relativistic Hamiltonian operator, we integrate out all electronic degrees of freedom, in the Born-Oppenheimer framework, giving rise to an effective vibro-rotational Hamiltonian for the chain. Then, assuming a harmonic oscillator-like vibrational potential between nearest-neighbour atoms, the integration of the atomic radial degrees of freedom is carried in the limit of high frequencies. Thus, all bond lengths become fixed, including the one which makes the chain to become fixed, including the one which makes the chain to become a closed ring. This formulation leads to a specific Hamiltonian for the remaining angular variables of the closed-ring chain, and constitutes an alternative in comparison with standard Gaussian models, which do not. Use is made of a variational inequality by Peierls to find an approximate quantum partition function for the angular variables of the system. We then proceed to obtain approximately another representation for the angular partition function in the classical limit. Several features of the classical partition function are disscussed.
Biomarkers for Premature Coronary Artery Disease (PCAD): A Case Control Study

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is often associated with the older generation. However, in recent years, there is an increasing trend in the prevalence of CAD among the younger population; this is known as premature CAD. Although biomarkers for CAD have been established, there are limited studies focusing on premature CAD especially among the Malay male population. Thus, the aim of this research was to compare the biomarkers between premature CAD (PCAD) and older CAD (OCAD) among Malay males. Subjects, recruited from the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre and National Heart Institution, were divided into four groups: healthy control < 45 years old; premature CAD (PCAD) < 45 years old; healthy control > 60 years old; and older CAD (OCAD) > 60 years old, with n = 30 for each group. Ten potential markers for CAD including soluble sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, Apo-E and Apo-A1, homocysteine, CRP, and vitamin D levels were examined. Our results revealed premature CAD patients had significantly higher values (p < 0.05) of sVCAM-1, CRP, interleukin-6, and vitamin D when compared to the age-matched controls. Similarly, older CAD patients showed higher levels of sVCAM-1, CRP, and interleukin-2 when compared to their age-matched controls. After adjusting for multiple parameters, only CRP remained significant for PCAD and interleukin-2 remained significant for CAD. This indicates that premature CAD and older CAD patients showed different profiles of protein biomarkers. CRP has the potential to become a biomarker for premature CAD while interleukin-2 is a better biomarker for older CAD together with other typical panels of protein biomarkers.
Brillouin scattering study of gallium nitride: elastic stiffness constants

High-resolution Brillouin scattering measurements on a high-quality wurtzite gallium nitride (GaN) single crystal were carried out and elastic stiffness constants were determined. A comparison is given with the results of a recently reported model for calculation of the elastic constants of III-V semiconductors based on the modified version of Keyes's relations. A good agreement is found between the experimental and theoretical elastic constants for GaN.
The Effect of Time Budget Pressure and Auditor’s Competency on Audit Quality

Abstract: Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of time budget pressure and auditor’s competency on audit quality. Research Methodology: The sample used in this study were auditors who work at the Public Accounting Firm in Bandung, Indonesia, and 48 auditors were asked to be respondents. The primary data was obtained by distributing questionnaires. This study uses a non-probability sampling method with a purposive sampling technique and multiple linear regression analysis methods using the Statistical Program for Society Science (SPSS) software. Results: Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the variable time budget pressure and auditor’s competence partially have a positive and significant effect on audit quality. Limitations: The limitation of this study is the variables studied consisted of only 2 (two) variables, namely time budget pressure and auditor competence. The questionnaire is distributed only to auditors who work at the Public Accounting Firm in Bandung, Indonesia. Contribution: Author, Auditor, Public Accounting Firm in Bandung City Keywords: 1. Time Budget Pressure 2. Auditor Competence 3. Audit Quality
Increase of Efficiency of Magnetostriction SH-Wave Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer by Angled Bias Field: Piezomagnetic Theory and Measurement

The increase of the coupling efficiency of a magnetostriction shear-horizontal (SH)-wave electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) has been achieved by applying an angled bias magnetic field. A generalized model involving piezomagnetic theory is presented to explain the physical principle of the EMAT. It indicates a dominant contribution of the piezomagnetic coefficient e6x(MS) and predicts an efficient generation of the SH waves with an angled bias magnetic field. Dependences of the SH-wave amplitude on the magnitude and direction of the bias field were measured, which showed good agreement with those of the coefficient e6x(MS). The most efficient generation was accomplished with a 45° angled bias field. The amplitude gain was 250%.
Mechanical behavior of implant assisted removable partial denture for Kennedy class II

Background This study evaluated the mechanical response of a removable partial denture (RPD) in Kennedy Class II according to being associated or not with implants. Material and Methods Four RPDs were manufactured for a Kennedy Class II: CRPD - Conventional RPD, RPD+1M, RPD+2M and RPD+12M, respectively, signifying implant assisted RPDs with the implant installed in the first molar, second molar, and in the first and second molars. The finite element method was used to determine the most damaged support tooth under compressive load (300N, 10s) and strain gauge analysis was used to evaluate the microstrain. All groups were submitted to a retentive force analysis (0.5 mm/mm, 100kgf). Microstrain and retentive force data were submitted to One-way ANOVA and the Tukey test, all with α=5%. Results High microstrain was observed in the second premolar adjacent to the edentulous space under compression load (p< 0.01). RPD+12M presented lower microstrain, however being similar to RPD+2M. RPD+1M presented a higher mean value of retentive force, but similar to RPD+12M. FEM showed RPD assisted by implants concentrates less stress in the periodontal ligament. The association of two implants was sufficient to decrease the stress generated in the implants. The most stressed region for the o-ring abutment was the threads, and the group with two implants showed the lowest stress concentration. Conclusions In cases of Kennedy Class II, the association of RPD with implants in the molar region is a favorable option for patient rehabilitation, reducing the movement of the direct retainer adjacent to the edentulous space, increasing the removal force and decreasing the stress magnitude in the periodontal ligament. Key words:Removable partial denture, Finite element analysis, Prosthetic dentistry, Implant-assisted RPD, Distal extension RPD considerations.
A Componentwise Perturbation Analysis of the $QR$ Decomposition

A first-order componentwise perturbation analysis of the $QR$ decomposition is presented. In contrast to the traditional normwise perturbation analysis, the bounds derived are invariant under column scaling of the underlying matrix. As an application, an assessment of the accuracy of the computed $QR$ decomposition using Householder transformations is given.
Bacteriobiota of the Cave Church of Sts. Peter and Paul in Serbia—Culturable and Non-Culturable Communities’ Assessment in the Bioconservation Potential of a Peculiar Fresco Painting

The principal aim of this study was to determine bacterial diversity within the Cave Church of Sts. Peter and Paul, via culturable and non-culturable approaches, and elucidate the antifungal potential of autochthonous antagonistic bacterial isolates against biodeteriogenic fungi. Furthermore, whole-genome sequencing of selected bacterial antagonists and the analysis of genes included in the synthesis of secondary metabolites were performed. With the highest RA values, determined in metabarcoding analysis, phyla Actinobacteriota (12.08–54.00%) and Proteobacteria (25.34–44.97%) dominated most of the samples. A total of 44 different species, out of 96 obtained isolates, were determined as part of the culturable bacteriobiota, with the predominance of species from the genus Bacillus. Bacillus simplex was the only isolated species simultaneously present in all investigated substrata within the church. The best antagonistic activity against 10 biodeteriogenic fungi was documented for Streptomyces anulatus, followed by Bacillus altitudinis, Chryseobacterium viscerum, and Streptomyces sp. with their highest PGI% values ranging of from 55.9% to 80.9%. These promising results indicate that characterized bacteria are excellent candidates for developing biocontrol strategies for suppressing deteriogenic fungi responsible for the deterioration of investigated fresco painting. Finally, isolate 11-11MM, characterized as Streptomyces sp. , represents a new species for science prompting the need for further study.
Relationship among Connectivity of the Frontal Aslant Tract, Executive Functions, and Speech and Language Impairment in Children with Childhood Apraxia of Speech

Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a subtype of motor speech disorder usually co-occurring with language impairment. A supramodal processing difficulty, involving executive functions (EFs), might contribute to the cognitive endophenotypes and behavioral manifestations. The present study aimed to profile the EFs in CAS, investigating the relationship between EFs, speech and language severity, and the connectivity of the frontal aslant tract (FAT), a white matter tract involved in both speech and EFs. A total of 30 preschool children with CAS underwent speech, language, and EF assessments and brain MRIs. Their FAT connectivity metrics were compared to those of 30 children without other neurodevelopmental disorders (NoNDs), who also underwent brain MRIs. Alterations in some basic EF components were found. Inhibition and working memory correlated with speech and language severity. Compared to NoND children, a weak, significant reduction in fractional anisotropy (FA) in the left presupplementary motor area (preSMA) FAT component was found. Only speech severity correlated and predicted FA values along with the FAT in both of its components, and visual-spatial working memory moderated the relationship between speech severity and FA in the left SMA. Our study supports the conceptualization of a composite and complex picture of CAS, not limited to the speech core deficit, but also involving high-order cognitive skills.
Threshold conditions for transitions to I-mode and H-mode with unfavourable ion grad B drift direction

Transitions from the L-mode regime to the I-mode regime, with an energy transport barrier, and to the H-mode regime with both an energy and particle transport barrier are studied on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. Steady I-mode plasmas have been produced over a wide range of plasma field (3–6 T), current (0.8–1.35 MA), density and shaping in the unfavourable ion B × ∇B configuration. The power threshold for the L–I transition is higher than scalings for the L–H transition with favourable drift, and increases with plasma current as well as density. Threshold conditions for the I–H transition are more variable. In some conditions I-mode is maintained up to the maximum available ICRF power of 5 MW, nearly a factor of two above the L–I threshold, giving a robust operating window. Edge Te at the L–I transition is in the range 250–450 eV, over a range of current and density, about a factor of two higher than with favourable drift, while at the I–H transition it can be much higher (up to 1.1 keV) but is again widely variable. Heat pulses due to sawteeth may play a role in transitions. Controlled I–L back transitions indicate little power hysteresis.
Endurance exercise causes adverse changes in some hematological and physiobiochemical indices in ponies under high altitude stress condition

The ponies have immense relevance for logistic support for civil population and troops in hilly and high altitude areas. There is no information on specific biomarkers of endurance performance under high altitude stress condition, which could be supportive in the identification of elite ponies for deployment at high altitude. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the physiological responses, hematological, biochemical, metabolic, and antioxidant biomarker during endurance exercise in ponies at high altitude. For this study, total 5 mares were put on endurance exercise at 4–6 m/sec speed for 30 min on 30 m track situated at 3,500 m altitude for 28 days period. The result showed a significant change in physiological responses, and some hematological, biochemical, metabolic and antioxidant parameters viz. glutathione peroxidase, creatinine kinase-MB, lactic acid, total protein, glucose, hexokinase, cortisol, and interleukin-6 level at different phase of endurance exercise. In conclusion, this study showed the alteration in physiological responses and some hematological and physio-biochemical metabolic parameters during the endurance exercise. Hence, these parameters could be considered as biomarkers for evaluation of endurance performance in ponies at high altitude before putting them under load carrying deployment.
Spent hen: Insights into pharmaceutical and commercial prospects

SUMMARY The global burden of poultry by-products management is exacerbated by the intensification of the poultry and egg industries worldwide. Spent hens, old female layer birds, which have completed their egg-laying cycle and lost their reproductive potential, are recognised as the most potent poultry by-products. However, the low consumer acceptance due to unfavourable physicochemical characteristics and the abundance of biological hazards in spent hen proteins consequently discourage their commercial processing. Therefore, the global poultry industry faces a substantial economic loss each year due to the higher disposal cost of the culled layer. In recent years, many strategies have been developed to improve the processing of spent hen proteins that manifest their potency in pharmaceutical and commercial applications. It is revealed that the hydrolysates of these by-products exert exclusive anti-ageing properties by ameliorating various ageing-related pathologies, such as hypertension, diabetes, liver diseases, skin diseases, and osteoarthritis, and modulating immune systems to combat ageing biomarkers, including oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, several attempts succeeded in developing various commercial products, including soup and biomaterials, from the spent hen and its by-products. Despite that, even though the spent hen proteins have higher therapeutic and commercial potential, they received insufficient attention in protein-based research. Thus, this review aims to enlighten the prospects of spent hen proteins for encouraging their profitable utilisations in pharmaceuticals and other industries.
Experimental analysis of the segregation of dry avalanches and implications for debris flows

The objectives of this contribution are to analyse and quantify the segregation process of dry granular avalanches, both parallel and perpendicular to the flow. Experiments were carried out using two dry granular mixtures, a steep chute of variable length and a collecting bin divided by transversal and longitudinal sectors, in which the flowing material falls down at the chute outlet. The free-falling of the flow in the segregator bin, the filling in time of the bin itself, the grain-size composition of the bin content with varying the distance from the chute outlet and axis are examined by image analysis and by sieving each bin cell. Segregation is very effective and rapid along flow direction whereas appears to be substantially negligible perpendicularly to the flow. The rapidity of flow segregation can be directly related to flow depth, whereas effects of mixture grain-size composition seems not appreciable. The longitudinal grain-size composition profile in time is reconstructed, showing coarser particles concentrated at the flow front and on the flow surface and fine fractions prevailing at the tail and at the bottom. Possible extension of these results to debris flows are discussed considering scale problems and comparing the results with other available experimental works and with field observations of natural events.
Two- and three-dimensional simulations of ultrasonic propagation through human breast tissue

Simulations of spherical-wave ultrasonic pulse propagation through human breast tissue are presented. Breast tissue models were created by processing of volumetric photographic data from the Visible Woman project. Tissue types were empirically mapped to hue, saturation, and value parameters of the photographic data; acoustic parameters of tissue were then mapped using empirical linear relationships between mass density, sound speed and ultrasonic absorption. Computations of ultrasonic propagation were performed in two and three dimensions using a k-space method incorporating tissue-dependent absorption and absorbing boundary layers. The results show wavefront distortion effects similar to measurements on breast tissue. Statistically, wavefront distortion is significantly more severe for the three-dimensional simulations than for the two-dimensional simulations.
Bridging the Divide from Theory to Practice

Increasing exposure to hazards and their associated risks coupled with escalating political, economic, social and cultural dynamics has led to a growing demand on emergency planners across the world. Historically Emergency Planning in the United Kingdom (UK) was a second or third career option, characterized by individuals with a background based in the emergency services, military or logistics (Coles, 1998), with similar attributes seen in Emergency Planners in the New Zealand (NZ) context. The UK and NZ have similar emergency planning roles however they address training and professional development needs from differing perspectives. In light of this new environment, practitioners and academics alike are faced with the challenge of ensuring today's emergency planners are suitably educated, skilled and equipped to face the challenges of the new working environment. Since 1995 when the first United Kingdom undergraduate degree in Disaster Management came on stream at Coventry University, a number of academic undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Disaster and Emergency Management have become ever increasingly popular to both mature students and school leavers in the UK. Similarly, in New Zealand the historical approach to ‘training' has in recent years been adapted into a suite of professional development activities including access to tertiary level qualifications and diplomas. Is it still acceptable to consider professional development simply in terms of short course attendance or should we be focusing on more contemporary academic programs as delivered by a number of tertiary organizations? Is there a gap between the theoretical (academic) approach and that of the traditional practitioner and if there is, can we bridge the divide? The historical relationship between the researcher and the practitioner in the UK and NZ appears to have been ‘never the twain shall meet’ but is that still the case? The context for developing the emergency management profession is changing. The focus of job descriptions and person specifications has changed dramatically within the last five years begging the question, what cultural change has taken place between the practitioner and the researcher and what value is placed on evidence based practice? In answering these questions, this paper will examine the legislative frameworks in the United Kingdom and New Zealand before identifying the respective approaches to training and professional development.
Electronic properties of vacancy related defects in ZnO induced by mechanical polishing

Electronic properties of defects induced by mechanical polishing in hydrothermally grown n-type ZnO have been investigated by capacitance versus voltage measurements and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). The DLTS measurements have been performed in the temperature range 80-600 K enabling exploration of deep-level states in the vicinity of the middle of the energy bandgap. The results show that mechanical polishing forms defects in the near surface region which strongly compensate and/or passivate the dominant shallow donors. Two pronounced polishing-induced defects are revealed with energy level positions around 1.0 eV and 1.2 eV below the conduction band edge. These levels are assigned to vacancy-related defect centers and substantially reduced in strength by post-polishing etching in diluted hydrofluoric acid.
Empirical Model of Poverty Alleviation in Islamic Economic Perspective: Evidence from Indonesia

This study aims to examine the model of poverty alleviation by analyzing several aspects that in Islamic economics are considered to have an effect on poverty alleviation. Using a sample of provinces in Indonesia, this study applies to panel data analysis. The novelty of this research is using more variables, including some aspects rarely discussed in previous empirical models. The results of this study indicate a significant negative effect of mandatory and charity transfer variables on the poverty level. Although using different proxies, the results of this study are in line with and confirm previous theories and empirical research regarding the effect of zakat on poverty alleviation. In addition, the variable of increasing income was also found to have a significant effect on poverty alleviation. This provides an overview for the government to be able to optimize the role of zakat and increase income to reduce poverty, for example, by integrating the distribution of ziswaf through the provision of working capital more broadly and integrated towards economic improvement and growth so that it will bring a greater multiplier effect. In addition, the results of this study also provide recommendations for researchers to complement the limitations of this study. The limitation of this study is the lack of proxies in describing aspects that become variables of poverty alleviation in Islam as a whole. Whereas in Islam, poverty and its alleviation are multidimensional things and are not limited to material aspects but also spiritual.