Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hypothyroidism Prolongs Hospitalization Following Surgery

Objective: Each year 45 million surgical procedures are performed in the United States, and a significant number of these are performed on hypothyroid patients. Little guidance is available to determine the postoperative risk to these subjects. We hypothesized that new surgical techniques and modern anesthesia would lead to no differences in outcome between hypothyroid patients and euthyroid controls. Methods: We queried surgical databases in our health system for patients who underwent an operative procedure between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2015 with a TSH > 10 mcU/mL or a FT4 < 0.6 ng/dL. Identified patients were matched to euthyroid controls selected for age, sex, surgical procedure, and search interval. Predicted length of hospital stay (LOS) was determined using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program surgical risk calculator. Results: We identified 29 hypothyroid patients. The LOS was significantly longer for the hypothyroid patients compared to the predicted LOS (14.4 vs 6.7 days, P < 0.001). The LOS in the matched controls was not significantly different than their predicted LOS (9.6 vs 7.1 days, P = 0.11). Other complications were not different between the hypothyroid and control patients. Conclusions: In contrast to our initial hypothesis, hypothyroidism is associated with a 2-fold longer LOS following surgery. Hypothyroidism continues to place patients at increased surgical risk.
Expansion of Functional Regulatory T Cells Using Soluble RAGE Prevents Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease with no cure. Therapeutic translation has been hampered by preclinical reproducibility. Here, short-term administration of an antagonist to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) protected against murine diabetes at two independent centers. Treatment with sRAGE increased regulatory T cells (Tregs) within islets, pancreatic lymph nodes and spleen, increasing islet insulin expression and function. Diabetes protection was abrogated by Treg depletion and shown to be dependent on antagonizing RAGE using knockout mice. Human Tregs treated with a RAGE ligand downregulated genes for suppression, migration and Treg homeostasis (FOXP3, IL7R, TIGIT, JAK1, STAT3, STAT5b, CCR4). Loss of suppressive function was reversed by sRAGE, where Tregs increased proliferation and suppressed conventional T cell division, confirming that sRAGE expands functional human Tregs. These results highlight sRAGE as an attractive treatment to prevent diabetes, showing efficacy at multiple research centers and in human T cells.
Earning Management or Tax Avoidance? Company Decision on Accounting and Tax Reporting Cost

-The significant differences between the company tax rate and the loan interest rate create incentives for companies in Indonesia to conduct trade-offs between accounting and tax reporting costs. Management always wants to give a good signal for investors regarding company financial performance. On the other hand, regarding tax reporting, management hopes that the increase in profits is not significant compared to last year, because this means paying higher taxes. This study aims to prove the effect of total debt and long-term debt on the company's management decisions regarding preference to focus on accounting or tax reporting. The research sample was manufacturing companies with observation years of 2012 - 2016 with 175 observations. The data of this study obtained from Bloomberg databases and audit reports published by the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The statistical tool used is logistic regression with the SPSS program. The results showed that there was a non-linear relationship between debt ratios and management decisions. The companies lean to focus on accounting reporting when debt ratios below a certain threshold and choose to focus on tax reporting above threshold. Regarding long term debt, we found long-term debts do not have a significant effect on preferences to focus on accounting or tax reporting cost. We also found the return on asset, and big four auditors influenced the company's decisions regarding earning management and tax avoidance.
Integro-differential models from ecology and evolutionary biology

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Integro-differential models from ecology and evolutionary biology Sepideh Mirrahimi
A study of different surgical modalities in the management of proximal humerus fractures

Background : Proximal humerus fractures are common but debilitating injuries. Numerous factors contribute to post injury functional outcomes; therefore, a large debate exists over appropriate treatment. Optimal treatment for displaced or unstable two, three, and four-part proximal humerus fractures remains controversial. This study is conducted to analyze the results of proximal humerus fractures treated by different modalities of surgical fixation. Materials & Methods : This study was carried out in Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, from July 2016 to June 2018. Thirty patients of displaced proximal humeral fractures were admitted in this hospital and treated surgically by PHILOS plate, K-wire and hemiarthroplasty. Follow up is done from 4 weeks to 12 months both clinically and radiologically. Results were evaluated by the use of Neer’s shoulder score. Results : Most common mode of injury was found to be road traffic accident and the most common type was two part fracture accounting for 12 out of 30 patients (40%). The results were evaluated by Neer’s score. The average follow up duration was 11.4 months. Of the thirty patients, 7 (23.3%) had excellent results, 17 (56.7%) had satisfactory results, 4 (13.3%) had unsatisfactory results and 2 (6.67%) were failure. Conclusions : Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning can be used for un-displaced or displaced fractures of the proximal humerus without comminution, in the younger age groups with good bone quality. In older individuals it is good to fix with percutaneous K wires, considering bone density (osteoporosis) and also to reduce the period of surgery. K wire fixation gave excellent results in our patients for the treatment of unstable 2 part proximal humerus fractures. Proximal humerus locking plate (PHILOS) gives reliable fixation for 2-part and 3-part fractures and has good functional outcome. In more complicated fracture patterns of 4-part fractures, its use is associated with poor clinical outcome. Prosthetic replacement should be considered as primary treatment in cases with marked comminution of the humeral head, in fracture-dislocations, and in elderly patients.
Analysis of changes in maternal and child health policy in a capital of northeastern Brazil. Dilemmas and challenges for care

Background The care to women’s health in pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium has being changing with the development of Brazil’s health policies. To discuss the implementation of the changes in perinatal care policy in a capital of the Northeast, analyzing the changes in the care and in organization of health services. Methods We used a qualitative approach with data collection between May and December 2015, with weekly visits in a Maternity, document review of municipal government, semi-structured interviews with users of the service, municipal managers, local managers of the federal government, professionals and managers of a municipal maternity. We conducted a focus group with volunteer doula. Findings Prenatal stands out difficulties in accessing some routine tests in primary care. It is still in the design phase to build a normal delivery centers in the city. Realize humanization of care initiatives as the introduction risk classification and the volunteer doulas program in a maternity, despite being hegemonic traditional obstetric model. There is no state regulation obstetric reflecting in the demand for care of parturient in obstetric emergency. Conclusions We perceive an incipient implementation of some key aspects of the perinatal care policy in the city, however, also identified several experiments in the routine of services pointing to the qualification of humanized care during labor and childbirth. keywords: Health Evaluation; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated; Maternal and Child Health; Perinatal Care; Humanization of Assistance.
Clinical study of incidence and surgical management of iincisional hernia

Background: Incisional hernia a common surgical problem, and uncommon sequel of surgical intervention. It occurs as a result of excessive tension and inadequate healing of previous incision, which is often associated with surgical site infection. We have studied here the etiology and risk factor for the development of incisional hernia. Various clinical presentations, incidence of incisional hernia and different therapeutic modalities of treatment and the post-operative complications . The main aim of the study was to identify the etiological factor to highlight the strategies for prevention of incisional hernias, to find the best management procedures for the incisional hernias. Methods: The study is a perspective study was conducted in Meenakshi medical college and research institute, Kanchipuram for the period 2010-2012. 87 patients were included for the study. Patients who had herniation at site of previous surgery through the previous surgical scar were chosen for the study. Observations were made with regard to duration and ease of operation, wound complications, mesh infections, hospital stay, morbidity and recurrence. Results: In our study 83% patients were women may be because of high incidence of caesarean section performed. As LSCS done through the lower midline incision was the commonest cause of incision hernias. The commonest age group was 4th decade that is from 30 - 40 years. Conclusions: Incisional hernia is more seen in female, housewife who are multiparous, it is mostly presents with swelling and pain abdomen. Previous elective and emergency surgeries in lower midline have higher percentage of incisional hernia.
Motivations and Incentives of Participation in Open-Source Software (“OSS”): A Review on Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivations and how Motivation Matters in a Digital Domain

The model of open-source software innovation is important because it guides the understanding and the process in which explicit knowledge becomes a public good through open innovation. Open-source software (OSS) has been viewed as challenging to classic economic theories and other developed models. According to the open-source model, two basic characteristics found in the private-collective are ‘non-rivalry’ and ‘non-exclusivity’ in consumption, meaning that innovation produced is viewed as a ‘free good’ that can be used without any restrictions and will not devalue through distribution (Von Krogh et al., 2006). The purpose of the review is to explore the available literature review on how and why developers participate in the open-source software movement, and how their contributions are viewed from different schools of thought on a broader digital domain.
The Effectiveness of Transactional Analysis on Parent- Child Relationship in Mothers of Children With Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Materials and Methods: The present quasi-experimental study used a pre-test-post-test design with the experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this study included all mothers of children with the ODD and their children in Isfahan in 2017. The multistage cluster sampling method was used in this research. Thirty students, whose scores in the child symptom inventory-4 were high and had ODD symptoms, were randomly selected; 15 individuals were assigned to the experimental group and 15 individuals to the control group. Then, the mothers of the experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 90 minutes, each week one session, during a group training for TA. But, the control group did not receive any intervention. The research tool was Fine’s parent-child relationship survey.
Improving structured prediction for named-entity recognition

Natural language processing aims to provide an understanding of human utterances adequate to automatically answer questions, translate documents or retrieve information based on its meaning. At the foundation of these capabilities are text analysis tasks such as named-entity recognition (NER) which aims to identify all “named entities” in a text such as people, locations, organizations, numerical expressions and others. Great effort has been devoted to NER since its inception in 1996. However, the investigation has been mostly focused on languages with large amounts of digital resources such as English, German, Dutch and Spanish. Indeed, NER is still a challenging task for the many languages with low (i.e., little, scarce, scattered) digital resources and manuallyannotated corpora. To abridge this gap, in the beginning of this thesis we have targeted NER for a language with scarce annotated resources, namely Persian, that is spoken by a population of over a hundred and ten million people world-wide. To this end, we have provided and published the first manually-annotated Persian NER corpus and introduced an initial NER pipeline that leverages a word embedding and a sequential max-margin classifier. The experimental results show that the proposed approach has been capable of achieving promising MUC7 and CoNLL scores while outperforming two alternatives based on a CRF and a simple RNN. Upon the introduction of the BiLSTM-CRF in 2015, we have mode forward our research by exploring combinations of various word embeddings with the BiLSTM-CRF architecture, with the best combination beating our initial results by more than 12 percentage points. Building on the achievements of the BiLSTM-CRF in NER, in this thesis we intro-
A study on vitamin D status among orthopaedic patients

Background: There is an alarmingly high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in orthopaedic patients, regardless of whether or not, they require surgical intervention. Vitamin D plays an essential role in bone formation, maintenance, and remodelling, as well as muscle function and deficiency could affect adversely in multiple ways. Many reports recently demonstrated high rates of vitamin D deficiency, in numerous segments of Indian population, but there is no study reported so far from India, which focuses specifically on vitamin D status in orthopaedic patients. Methods: It is a descriptive study to estimate vitamin D levels in patients scheduled to undergo orthopaedic surgery. Vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in 310 patients, who were admitted at our institution, from December 2015 to August 2017 were measured. Results: Out of 310 patients included in our study, 189 (61%) were males and 121 (39%) females. Vitamin D deficiency ( 30 ng/ml). Patients younger than 60 years and males had more prevalence of Vitamin D abnormality. 168 (72.4%) of the patients, with deficiency presented in winter, compared to 64 (27.6%) in summer. Conclusions: Statistically significant vitamin D deficiency was seen during winter months, in patients undergoing hip hemiarthroplasty, and in patients admitted for degenerative disease of the spine, hip and knee. Screening and treating hypovitaminosis D appears to be important in orthopaedic patients as vitamin D deficiency is prevalent across all age groups in the population studied.
CHALLENGES FACING HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS’ LOANS BOARD IN LOAN RECOVERY: THE CASE OF SELECTED UNIVERSITIES IN TANZANIA

The importance of Higher Education has been increasing since the beginning of the 21 st century and it is believed that individuals’ access to higher education will enrich their lives and status, and improve national economy. This has forced many governments in the world to establish students’ loan schemes to support the needy and qualified individuals so as to widen their access to tertiary education. Despite the benefits of students’ loan scheme, low loan recovery has been found to be one of the challenges impeding these schemes. Thus, the main objective of the present study is to explore the challenges facing Higher Education Students’ Loans Board (HESLB) in loan recovery to the selected three higher learning institutions in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. The study employed a qualitative exploratory research design, drawing from twenty nine (29) in-depth interviews. Purposive sampling technique was used to draw five (5) members of the management team of HESLB, College of Business Education (CBE), Dar Es Salaam Institute of Technology (DIT), and Institute of Finance and Management (IFM). Similarly, twenty four (24) loan beneficiaries were drawn randomly from the respective organizations. The interviews were built around various themes including the challenges facing HESLB in loan recovery, the challenges facing human resource officers during the loan collection process, challenges facing loan beneficiaries in loan repayment, and suggested ways to reduce the identified challenges. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings reveal several challenges and they were categorized under: HESLB, human resource officers, and loan beneficiaries. To improve the identified challenges one of the proposed suggestion was to mainstream loan repayment in the national agenda.
Sudden Death due to Intracranial Colloid Cyst "A Case Report"

Intracranial colloid cysts are non-neoplastic epithelium-lined cysts of the central nervous system that almost always arise from the anterior third ventricle roof (immediately posterior to the foramen of Monro). These epithelium-lined, mucincontaing cysts can be found in asymptomatic patients; however, depending on their location, size, and degree of cerebrospinal fluid obstruction, patients may present with a variety of neurological symptoms. These symptoms can range from headaches to sudden death on rare occasions when there is acute hydrocephalus. This study describes a colloid cyst located between the two lateral ventricles at the level of foramen of Monro obstructing the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow leading subsequently to sudden death and discovered incidentally during autopsy. The study was done in the Medico-legal institute in Baghdad from 1 st
What price to pay? The trade-off between independence and influence in European regulation

This article asks whether the strengthened, institutionalised role that some European agencies play in delegated decision-making endangers their actual independence. In some particular sensitive policy domains, such as pharmaceuticals security, financial markets and energy, European agencies exist which are formal agenda-setters in delegated decision-making, meaning that the European Commission can either accept or reject their proposals but is hardly allowed to change them. These procedures were established to guarantee particularly expert-based decision-making. However, the article argues that under these conditions, the Commission will be eager to interfere with the agencies’ proposal preparation to ensure that the proposal is in line with its position, thereby weakening the de facto independence of agencies. Such procedures come, therefore, with unexpected effects in practice. However, the article demonstrates that these effects vary with organisational resources on the agencies’ and the Commission’ side and the expected constraining effects of the decisions taken.
Prostate Cancer Risk and Serologic Evidence of Human Papilloma Virus Infection

Epidemiological evidence is accumulating that sexual history may be associated with prostate cancer, and some studies have suggested a relation between human papilloma virus (HPV) infections and prostate cancer. We measured the presence of antibodies to the major oncogenic HPV types 16, 18, and 33 among 238 subjects with untreated prostate cancer and 210 population-based control subjects. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated from multivariate logistic regression models, controlling for age and HPV types 16, 18, and 33, simultaneously. HPV types 16 and 18 were not associated with prostate cancer [OR, 0.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.4–1.3 for HPV 16; OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.5–1.9 for HPV 18]. There was a possible association between HPV 33 and prostate cancer (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0–2.7), and there was a significant excess risk for subjects with high antibody levels against HPV 33 (OR when the difference in absorbance exceeded 0.2, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2–4.1). When HPV antibody levels were modeled as continuous variables, the results were qualitatively similar. The data do not support previous studies that have suggested an association with HPV 16 or 18 and prostate cancer risk. Inconsistent associations with different HPV types seen in different studies suggest that the association may be because of chance, bias, or confounding by some unknown risk factor that may associate with different HPV infections in different populations. Additional studies of the relationship between prostate cancer and other HPV types, notably HPV 33, could be helpful for clarifying the possible role of sexual risk factors.
Essential Knowledge for Clinical Social Work Practice: Social Work Faculty Perspectives

ABSTRACT Clinical social work educators have a critical role in defining clinical social work and conveying their understanding through their teaching. While there have been a few conceptual articles that have defined clinical social work, there is little empirical research conducted on this topic. In this study, we asked 15 social work faculty teaching advanced clinical social work practice how they defined clinical social work, particularly what core concepts, principles, and theories or frameworks that guided clinical social work. The results indicate that participants conceptualized clinical social work drawing upon the concept of person-in-environment and the therapeutic relationship. Furthermore, participants identified teaching a range of psychological theories but emphasizing a psychodynamic orientation. Furthermore, participants identified multi-level analysis and a commitment to diversity and social justice as important concepts that they wanted students to recognize about clinical social work. This article, through the voices of clinical social work faculty, challenges the field of clinical social work to define what their commitment to social justice means and reflect on how we are responding to criticisms and moving forward as a field.