Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF DISCOLORED ANTERIOR TEETH RESTORED WITH PREFAPRICATED COMPOSITE RESIN VENEERS

INTRODUCTION: Veneers are considered the least invasive most reliable solution for treatment of discolored anterior teeth. Edelweiss system is a polymerized, prefabricated, laser-machined, radiopaque, highly-filled nano-hybrid composite enamel shells with a highly glossy inorganic surface. They have a facial anatomical pattern in the shape of a thin composite shell bonded to labial surface of anterior teeth with composite resin, which allows for easy direct veneering of single and multiple anterior teeth.OBJECTIVES Spectrophotometric analysis of discolored anterior teeth restored with Edelweiss veneer system bonded with different shades of composite resin.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty Edelweiss veneers bonded with different shades of composite resin (A2, opaque white and translucent shades) to dies of different shades. Specimens were divided into four groups, each group consists of five specimens, according to the shade of the bonding composite resin used and the shade of the dies. Spectrophotometer was used to evaluate the effect of using different shades of the bonding composite on the final shade of the restoration. Also, to assess the light reflection, transmission and absorption of the Edelweiss Veneer System.RESULTS: The L*a*b* coordinates values of the Edelweiss Veneer Systems were affected by the shade of bonding composite (P<0.05). The use of an opaque bonding composite resulted in an increase of the color coordinates a*, b*, L*, producing the greatest effect on color change, light transmission and light reflection (P<0.05). Light absorption values of the specimens were not affected by the shade of the bonding composite. CONCLUSIONS: On using Edelweiss veneer system, the greatest color shifts and change in light transmission and light reflection were obtained when using opaque shade composite for bonding of the veneers to the substrates. While light absorption was of a non-significant value among the groups.
The Relationship Between Park Satisfaction, Place Attachment and Revisit Intention in Neighborhood Parks with Physical Activity Facilities

The urban population is increasing day by day, threatening human health. Neighborhood parks in which people can participate in physical activities have an important place in reducing the negative effects of urban life. However, not much is known much about factors such as “park satisfaction” and “place attachment”, which may play a role in the visitors’ participation in and continuation of physical activity in neighborhood parks, or the relationship between these factors. The purpose of this study was thus to examine the relationship between park satisfaction, place attachment and revisit intention. The data were obtained using the convenience sampling method from 357 park visitors who visited a park for physical activity. The methodological principles of structural equation modeling were used to test the conceptual model based on the literature review. According to the results, park satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on park attachment. In addition, park attachment played a mediating role between satisfaction and revisit intention. As a result, a theoretical and comprehensive model that revealed the relationship between park satisfaction, park attachment and revisit intention was developed. It is thought that the results will guide local governments, managers responsible for parks and park designers in maintaining open-air recreation facilities and services in urban areas.
Effects of fertilization and stand age on N 2 O and NO emissions from 1 tea plantations : A site-scale study in a subtropical region using a 2 modified biogeochemical model 3

To meet increasing demands, tea plantations are rapidly expanding in China. Although the emissions of nitrous 11 oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) from tea plantations may be substantially influenced by soil pH reduction and intensive 12 nitrogen fertilization, process model-based studies on this issue are still rare. In this study, the process-oriented 13 biogeochemical model, Catchment Nutrient Management Model DeNitrification-DeComposition (CNMM-DNDC), was 14 modified by adding tea growth-related processes that may induce a soil pH reduction. Using a dataset for intensively 15 managed tea plantations at a subtropical site, the performances of the original and modified models for simulating the 16 emissions of both gases subject to different fertilization alternatives and stand ages were evaluated. Compared with the 17 observations in early stage of a tea plantation, the original and modified models showed comparable performances for 18 simulating the daily gas fluxes (with Nash-Sutcliffe index (NSI) of 0.10 versus 0.18 for N2O and 0.32 versus 0.33 for NO), 19 annual emissions (with NSI of 0.81 versus 0.94 for N2O and 0.92 versus 0.94 for NO) and annual direct emission factors 20 (EFds). The observations and simulations consistently demonstrated that short-term replacement of urea with oilcake 21 stimulated N2O emissions by ~62% and ~36% and mitigated NO emissions by ~25% and ~14%, respectively. The model 22 simulations resulted in a positive dependence of EFd of either gas against nitrogen doses, implicating the importance of 23 model-based quantification of this key parameter for inventory. In addition, the modified model with pH-related scientific 24 processes showed overall inhibitory effects on the gases emissions in the mid to later stages during a full tea lifetime. In 25 conclusion, the modified CNMM-DNDC exhibits the potential for quantifying N2O and NO emissions from tea plantations 26 under various conditions. Nevertheless, wider validation is still required for simulation of long-term soil pH variations and 27 emissions of both gases from tea plantations. 28 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-1069 Preprint. Discussion started: 3 March 2020 c © Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License.
Senior bank loan officers' expectations for loan demand: Evidence from the Euro-area

We employ senior bank loan officers' responses regarding actual and expected loan demand from enterprises linking successive surveys in order to determine the dominant expectation formation mechanism that best describes European senior bank loan officers’ expectations. We utilize quarterly data for loan demand from enterprises from the European Bank Lending Survey for 14 Euro-area countries spanning the period 2003Q1 to 2019Q4. Our findings suggest that the adaptive expectations mechanism is compatible with senior bank loan officers' expectations for loan demand from enterprises. Our study contributes to the understanding of the formation of loan demand expectations and hence our findings can be very useful for monetary policy purposes.
On the Computation of Integrals of Bivariate Gaussian Distribution

This paper deals with the computation of integrals of centred bivariate Gaussian densities over any domain defined as an angular sector of ℝ2 . Based on an accessible geometrical approach of the problem, we suggest to transform the double integral into a single one, leading to a tractable closed-form expression only involving trigonometric functions. This solution can also be seen as the angular cumulative distribution of bivariate centered Gaussian variables (X, Y). We aim to provide a didactic approach of our results, and we validate them by comparing with those of the literature.
Historical and Future Roles of Internal Atmospheric Variability in Modulating Summertime Greenland Ice Sheet Melt

Understanding how internal atmospheric variability affects Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) summertime melting would improve understanding of future sea level rise. We analyze the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CESM‐LE) over 1951–2000 and 2051–2100. We find that internal variability dominates the forced response on short timescales (~20 years) and that the area impacted by internal variability grows in the future, connecting internal variability and climate change. Unlike prior studies, we do not assume specific patterns of internal variability to affect GrIS melting but derive them from maximum covariance analysis. We find that the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is the major source of internal atmospheric variability associated with GrIS melt conditions in CESM‐LE and reanalysis, with the positive phase (NAO+) linked to widespread cooling over the ice sheet. CESM‐LE and CMIP5 project an increase in the frequency of NAO+ events, suggesting a negative feedback to the GrIS under future climate change.
Monetary policy and economic growth

In this paper, we empirically examine the impact of key interest rate on national and sector economic growth. Using Tunisian quarterly data in the period 2000-2018, we estimate, in the first step, the long term relationships through VECM analysis and, in the second we enrich our study by introducing variables of interaction. We find that key interest rate significantly and positively influences national and sector economic growth and negatively affects the inflation. In specific, our results show that the economic crisis and the approved credits respectively influence negatively and positively the link between key interest rate and Tunisian economic growth. Finally, we show that the impact of changes in monetary policy is weaker in crisis period and improved by the bank credit rises.
FRANCIS OLAWALE ABULUDE1,2* SAMUEL DARE FAGBAYIDE3, AKINYINKA AKINNUSOTU4, OLATUNDE ELUBODE MAKINDE5, JAMOK JACOB ELISHA6

Air quality has been a major concern throughout the world, Nigeria inclusive. The monitoring of air quality involves indoor and outdoor air quality. In this study, our concern was on indoor air quality. The aim of this study was to assess the air quality of residential homes (17), classrooms (3), hospitals (2), offi ces (5), Shops (2), and laboratories (5) in Akure, Nigeria in terms of formaldehyde (HCHO), total volatile organic compound (TVOC), Particulate matter (PM1.0; PM2.5, and PM10). A Multifunction Air Detector was used for the assessment using the manufacturers’ procedures and the locations were identifi ed using a Mini GPS. The results revealed as follows: HCHO (0.001-0.030 mg/ m3), TVOC (0.003-362 mg/m3), PM1.0 (004-014 μg/m 3), PM2.5 (006-020 μg/m 3), and PM10 (006-022 μg/m 3). The results obtained were below the 24 h pollution recommended standards (0.1 mg/m3HCHO; TVOC; 10-20 μ/m3 PM) of EPA and WHO. Statistically, there were correlations within the pollutants and weather. The Indoor air quality (IAQ) depicted the areas as ‘good,’ and toxicity potential (TP) were below unity. Although the locations looked safe, it is recommended that constant monitoring of the indoors should be ensured and proper ventilation should be provided.
(E)-N′-(1-(7-Hydroxy-2-Oxo-2H-Chromen-3-Yl) Ethylidene) Benzohydrazide, a Novel Synthesized Coumarin, Ameliorates Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats through Attenuating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis

The present study was directed to investigate the effect of precotreatment with (E)-N′-(1-(7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl) ethylidene) benzohydrazide (7-hyd.HC), a novel potent synthesized coumarin, on isoproterenol- (ISO-) induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. The hydrazone compound was characterized by IR, 1D, and 2D NMR analyses. Experimental induction of MI in rats was established by ISO (85 mg/kg/day, s.c) for two consecutive days (6th and 7th days). 7-hyd.HC or sintrom was given for 7 days prior and simultaneous to ISO injection. 7-hyd.HC offered a cardiopreventive effect by preventing heart injury marker leakage (LDH, ALT, AST, CK-MB, and cTn-I) from cardiomyocytes and normalizing cardiac function and ECG pattern, as well as improving lipid profile (TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C), which were altered by ISO administration. Moreover, 7-hyd.HC precotreatment significantly mitigated the oxidative stress biomarkers, as evidenced by the decrease of lipid peroxidation and the increased level of the myocardial GSH level together with the SOD, GSH-Px, and catalase activities. 7-hyd.HC inhibited the cardiac apoptosis by upregulating the expression of Bcl-2 and downregulating the expression of Bax and caspase-3 genes. In addition, 7-hyd.HC reduced the elevated fibrinogen rate and better prevented the myocardial necrosis and improved the interstitial edema and neutrophil infiltration than sintrom. Overall, 7-hyd.HC ameliorated the severity of ISO-induced myocardial infarction through improving the oxidative status, attenuating apoptosis, and reducing fibrinogen production. The 7-hyd.HC actions could be mediated by its antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory capacities.
Spatial Distribution Patterns Analysis of Hotspot in Central Kalimantan using FIMRS MODIS Data

One of the ways to observe the hotspot created by forest fires in Indonesia is through Remote sensing imagery, such as MODIS, NOAA AVHRR, etc . Central Kalimantan is one of the areas in Indonesia with the highest hotspot data. In this research, MODIS FIRMS hotspot data in Central Kalimantan collected from 2017 – 2019, covering 13 districts: South Barito, East Barito, North Barito, Mount Mas, Kapuas, Katingan, Palangkaraya City, West Kotawaringin, East Kotawaringin, Lamandau, Murung Raya, Pulang Pisau, Seruyan, and Sukamara. That is four aspects that this research evaluated: 1) evaluating the spatial pattern using the Nearest Neighbor Analysis (NNA); 2) evaluate the hotspot density appearance using Kernel Density; and 3) correlation analysis between rainfall data and MODIS FIRMS. As a result, the hotspot in Central Kalimantan shows a clustered pattern. While the natural breaks KDE algorithm shows the most relevant result to represent the hotspot distribution. Finally, the hotspot is low correlated with rainfall; however, is see that most of the hotspot (~90%) appeared in low rainfall month (less than 3000 mm/month). Keywords : Forest fire, Hotspot, NNA, Kernel density, Central Kalimantan DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7454/jglitrop.v4i1. 74
Simile and Metaphor Interpretation in Children

Metaphors and similes have been treated as the same comparable types of figurative speech since Aristotle. In early theories, metaphors are interpreted as corresponding similes by paraphrasing. Based on this theoretical framework, some experimental studies interpret simile understanding as evidence for metaphor understanding. However, according to Relevance Theory, similes are interpreted as comparisons, whereas metaphors are interpreted as categorization statements. Therefore, only metaphor reveals metaphor interpretation. In other words, studies cannot use simile interpretation as evidence for metaphor interpretation ability in children. Simile should be easier to understand for children since they exclude an “ad hoc concept” construction as in metaphor understanding. This study seeks evidence showing children’s better performance in simile interpretation than that in metaphor interpretation, thus supporting Relevance Theory. For the Relevance Theory account, whether the experiments use similes or metaphors as testing materials is of considerable significance, whereas for comparison account, it is not. By review and re-interpretation of the empirical studies, we find that few early studies expose “real metaphor” understanding in children. Most experimental results indicate that simile interpretation is easier than metaphor interpretation for children. We consider comparison theory and the Relevance Theory as complementary strategies in metaphor interpretation.
Incentive Function of Audit Opinion for the Increase of Regional Operational Expenditure and Own-Source Revenues Through Sensitivity Analysis in Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the sensitivity testing using measurements of realization of regional own-source revenues and operating expenditure and to analyze the extent of the effect of sample differences between Java and non-Java provinces by using samples outside of Java. By using sensitivity analysis, the results found the influence of audit opinion on the performance of the provincial government mediated by the realization of regional operating expenditure. More specifically, when using the measurement of the absolute value of the realization of regional operating expenditure it was found that there was a direct positive and significant influence of audit opinion on the performance of the Provincial Government. However, no significant effect of audit opinion was found on the realization value of regional operating expenditure and the effect of the realization value of regional operating expenditure on the performance of the Provincial Government. This result implies that an increase in audit opinion will be more likely to be used as an incentive for the Provincial Government to increase the realization of regional operating expenditure.
Bacterial profile from suspected maternal sepsis and colonization cases: A step towards prevention of neonatal sepsis

Background: Transmission of pathogens can occur through direct materno-fetal contact during antepartum period or delivery. Presence of maternal reproductive tract colonization or bacterial infections during pregnancy increases the risk of puerperal sepsis and early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). This study was thus planned to screen the etiological agents and antibiogramfrom suspected maternal sepsis/ colonization cases.Materials and methods:Data was collected over a period of 1 year (September 2017September 2018). Clinical samples-placental membrane, placental tissue, retained product of conception (RPOCs) and high vaginal swabs (HVS) received for screening of maternal sepsis or colonization were processed as per conventional microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial sensitivity was performed as per CLSI guidelines.Result:A total of 2405 maternal samples were included in the study. Only about 13.18% ( 317 samples) showed the presence of bacterial isolate, Escherichia coli (39%) was the predominant etiological agent isolated followed by Staphylococcus aureus(18%)and Enterococcus species (17%). There was an alarming level of drug resistance seen in both the gram positive and negative organisms.Conclusion:Introduction of pathogens into the female genital tract is a major risk factor for development of uterine infections and chorioamnionitis which can eventually lead to puerperal sepsis and Early onset neonatal sepsis. EONS. As seen in the present study the organisms such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureusisolated from maternal sepsis and colonization cases are the same organisms implicated from EONS.In view of increase in drug-resistant organisms prompt detection and treatment of maternal infections becomes crucial to prevent neonatal infections.
Annex 4 : Assessment of the Potential Impact of the Physical Condition of a Sample of Romanian Schools on Learning Outcomes

The World Bank and the Ministry of National Education (MoNE) of Romania through the National Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training Development (NCTVETD) signed an Advisory Services Agreement for assistance in informed decision-making on investments in education infrastructure on March 31, 2016. The development objective of this Reimbursable Advisory Services (RAS) is to strengthen the strategic and monitoring capacity of the MoNE to make informed decisions on investments in education infrastructure. Specifically, this RAS (i) supports the preparation of a draft Strategy for Infrastructure Investments in Education Institutions (SIIEI), and (ii) builds and enhances capacity within the MoNE for the preparation and monitoring of the National Strategy for Infrastructure Investments in Education Institutions (NSIIEI). The MoNE will prepare the government’s NSIIEI based on recommendations presented in the draft SIIEI developed under this RAS. The draft SIIEI comprises two documents: volume one – Strategic Framework for Investments in Education Infrastructure 2017-2023 (this document) and volume two – From Data to Investment Priorities: Using Evidence to Guide Strategic Decisions about Romania’s Education Infrastructure (a companion analytical report). The NSIIEI will be fundamental to inform decisions on investments in infrastructure, as well as to (i) increase the absorption of European Union Structural and Investment Funds for the 2014–2020 programming period, and (ii) to guide the utilization of funds from other sources available for the Government of Romania.
PRODUCTIVE PEFORMANCE, NUTRIENTS DIGESTIBILITY AND SOME SERUM METABOLIC INDICES AS AFFECTED BY DIEATARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF COPPER AND ZINC IN EGYPTIAN BUFFALO CALVES

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) on productive performance, nutrients digestibility and some serum metabolic indices in Egyptian buffalo calves. A total number of 32 calves averaged 278.8 ± 5.40 kg and 18 months old were divided into four equal groups (8 calves / each). Animals were fed on basal diet containing 4.38 mg Cu and 6.30 mg Zn/kg DM (control) supplemented with 10 mg Cu (T1), 30 mg Zn (T2) and 10 mg Cu plus 30 mg Zn (T3) /kg DM for 120 days. Digestibility of DM, NDF and ADF was higher (P<0.05) for calves fed T2 and T3 vs. T1 or control. The OM digestibility increased (P<0.05) for calves fed T1, T2 and T3 vs. control. Calves fed on T1, T2 and T3 had higher (P<0.05) digestibility of CP and CF than those fed control. Digestibility of CP and CF increased (P<0.05) with feeding T3 ration vs. each of T1 or T2 alone. The digestibility of EE increased (P<0.05) for calves fed T3 vs. those fed T1 or control rations. The digestible crude protein values were greater (P<0.05) with feeding T1, T2 and T3 than control. The total digestible nutrients values increased (P<0.05) for calved fed on T3 when compared to control or T1. Results showed significant (P<0.05) increasing in final body weight for calves fed T2 and T3 vs. control or T1. The averages daily gain (ADG) increased (P<0.05) for calves fed T1, T2 and T3 vs. control. Also, ADG improved (P<0.05) for calves fed T3 vs. those of T1 and T2. In the same time, no significant changes were noticed in feed intakes (rice straw,concentrate feed mixture and total dry matter) among treatments vs. control, while digestible crude protein intake increased (P<0.05) for calves fed T1, T2 and T3 vs. control. The total digestible nutrients intake increased (P<0.05) with T3 compared to control. Feed conversion was improved (P<0.05) for calves fed T2 and T3 vs. control. The T2 and T3 recorded higher (P<0.05) levels of serum total protein, albumin and globulin vs. control or T1. Serum globulin levels increased (P<0.05) in calves fed T1 vs. control. Feeding T1 decreased (P<0.05) serum cholesterol, but increased (P<0.05) HDL-cholesterol concentrations vs. control. The differences in serum glucose and triglycerides concentrations were not significant among calves in T1, T2 and T3 vs. control. The present study indicated that dietary supplemental Cu plus Zn showed beneficial additive effects to improve nutritive values, productive performance and blood metabolic indices in buffalo calves.