Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Clinical Experience with Molnupiravir for Mild to Moderate Breakthrough COVID-19 among Fully Vaccinated Patients at Risk for Disease Progression

Information on the efficacy and safety of molnupiravir in daily clinical practice is very scarce. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of fully vaccinated patients with mild to moderate breakthrough COVID-19 treated with molnupiravir between January 2022 and February 2022. Overall, 145 patients were enrolled. Their median age was 71.0 years, and 60.7% were males. The most common underlying condition was a severe cardiovascular disease (37.2%), followed by primary or acquired immunodeficiency (22.8%), and oncological/onco-hematological disease in the active phase (22.1%). At 30 days after breakthrough COVID-19 diagnosis, only 4 out of 145 patients (2.7%) required hospital admission. No patients developed severe COVID-19, were admitted to the ICU, or died during the follow-up period. Adverse events, mild in intensity, occurred in 2 patients (1.4%). Our results support the current evidence establishing positive clinical and safety outcomes of molnupiravir in fully vaccinated patients with mild or moderate breakthrough COVID-19.
Deep learning for aspect-based sentiment analysis: a review

User-generated content on various Internet platforms is growing explosively, and contains valuable information that helps decision-making. However, extracting this information accurately is still a challenge since there are massive amounts of data. Thereinto, sentiment analysis solves this problem by identifying people’s sentiments towards the opinion target. This article aims to provide an overview of deep learning for aspect-based sentiment analysis. Firstly, we give a brief introduction to the aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) task. Then, we present the overall framework of the ABSA task from two different perspectives: significant subtasks and the task modeling process. Finally, challenges are proposed and summarized in the field of sentiment analysis, especially in the domain of aspect-based sentiment analysis. In addition, ABSA task also takes the relations between various objects into consideration, which is rarely discussed in the previous work.
A Glance Into Healthcare Delivery During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey Among Turkish Medical Doctors

The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had an enormous impact on healthcare delivery globally. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey in Turkey to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare services in Turkey. A 35-item anonymized online survey was completed by HCPs (medical doctors, MD) who continued their clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey, regardless of their specialties or degrees. Overall, 209 HCPs participated in the study. Forty-two percent of the participants stated that their current workload intensity has been increased compared with the pre-pandemic era. More than half of the participants (54.6%) were using telemedicine services during their clinical practice, however, the effectiveness of telemedicine for first-time patients and follow-up patients was rated as low. The majority of participants (59.3%) reported that during the peak period of the pandemic, they encountered only a small variety of cases, other than COVID-19. Fifty-two percent of the participants agreed that they occasionally had patients who received misdiagnosis in the first admission due to the suspicion of a possible COVID-19 infection predominating the diagnostic process (eg., not excluding COVID-19 even though the PCR test is negative). For the distribution of possible late-diagnosed diseases, 25.8% of HCPs selected chest diseases, followed by infectious diseases, heart diseases, and cancer. In general, participants agreed that there was an increase in the negligence in the follow-up of various diseases and/or complication rates due to COVID-19 pandemic. Sixty percent of the HCPs agreed that HCPs are being much more rigorous to diagnose/treating COVID-19 than other important diseases. Fifty-seven percent of the participants stated that the diagnosis and follow-up of chronic diseases are affected, while 57.9% of the HCPs stated that some diseases that show similar signs and symptoms as COVID-19 are not diagnosed correctly during COVID-19 pandemic. Findings from this study emphasize that COVID-19 pandemic has significantly caused delayed diagnoses and interruption in the management of chronic diseases, and also increased the risk of missing out the diagnosis of non-COVID-19 diseases. The study genuinely aims to yield the floor to a permanent improvement in post-pandemic clinical management and it also shows the need for a focused approach in distinct areas of medical care. Policymaking is required to drive changes to better support HCPs in Turkey.
Effect of sputtering power and substrate temperature on structural, optical, wettability and anti-icing characteristics of aluminium doped zinc oxide

Thin films of ZnO:Al were synthesized on glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. Structural, optical, wettability and anti-icing properties of the thin films are studied as a function of substrate temperature and sputtering power. XRD patterns showed an increase in the intensity of (002) peak when the sputtering power and substrate temperature are increased. The roughness and average grain size also increased with an increment in substrate temperature and sputtering power. Transmittance and band gap energy observed in the wavelength range of 350–800 showed the average transmittance was in the range of 90 to 76% and 3.12–2.88 eV. The contact angle and anti-icing properties observed during the investigation demonstrated that the synthesized coatings are hydrophobic and the formation of ice was delayed when compared to uncoated substrates.
Clustering algorithms for random and pseudo-random structures

Partitioning of a set objects into a number of clusters according to a suitable distance metric is one of the major questions in data mining, information retrieval and other fields of computer science. This thesis describes and analyzes algorithms for clustering and partitioning data generated from random and pseudo-random models. In random models, one assumes that the data matrix to be partitioned is generated from a simple distribution. A common feature of all the algorithms analyzed is that they are all spectral algorithms, as they employ information about the spectrum of the data matrix to perform clustering. We provide new results in a number of directions. A method based on the second singular vector is analyzed for a mixture model for graphs. The use of the notion of pseudo-randomness is another important aspect of our work. Pseudo-randomness, the idea to use deterministic definitions to capture properties of randomness, is used to extend the notion of probabilistic models, thus making it possible to model clustering problems for sparse (constant-degree) graphs. This work also proposes the first geometric, projection based algorithms known for discrete distributions, which allows a number of generalizations. In addition, entry-wise bounds for eigenvectors of adjacency matrices of random graphs are studied, and their implications for spectral algorithms are considered.
Densification and health in China: A U-shaped association between population density and obesity

Densification is a key measure to improve public health in many low-density countries. However, empirical studies show that population density has mixed results on health in different contexts. A possible hypothesis is that the relationship between population density and unhealthiness is a U-shaped curve. This study tested the U-shaped relationship between population density and body mass index (BMI). It employed fixed effects models with longitudinal and nationwide data in China collected between 2012 and 2014, comprising 3,423 observations from 1,984 respondents. After controlling for individuals’ socioeconomic characteristics and other built environmental elements, the results support the hypothesis of the U-shaped association between population density and BMI. Specifically, when population density is low, it is negatively related to BMI. However, when population density is high, it has positive effects on BMI. We further discuss the possible mechanisms and thresholds of the U-shaped effects of population density. The U-shaped relationship between densification and obesity encourages planners to consider local contexts and adopt a moderate population density when planning healthy cities.
Optimization of Printed Polyaniline Composites for Gas Sensing Applications

Polyaniline (PANI) films are promising candidates for electronic nose-based IoT applications, but device performances are influenced by fabrication parameters and ambient conditions. Affinities of different PANI composites to analytes for gas sensing applications remain elusive. In this study, we investigate the material properties in detail for two different dopant systems: F4TCNQ and carbon black. Using a reproducibility-driven approach, we investigate different dopant concentrations in regard to their sensitivity and specificity towards five relevant markers for breath cancer diagnosis. We benchmark the system using ammonia measurements and evaluate limits of detection. Furthermore, we provide statistical analysis on reproducibility and pave the way towards machine learning discrimination via principal component analysis. The influence of relative humidity on sensor hysteresis is also investigated. We find that F4TCNQ-doped PANI films show improved reproducibility compared to carbon black-doped films. We establish and quantify a tradeoff between sensitivity, reproducibility, and environmental stability by the choice of dopant and concentrations ratios.
Data from the Television Game Show “Friend or Foe?”

The data discussed in this paper are from the television game show Friend or Foe, and can be used to examine whether age, gender, race, and the amount of prize money affect contestants' strategies. The data are suitable for a variety of statistical analyses, such as descriptive statistics, testing for differences in means or proportions, and estimating discrete choice models.
On the misuse of the correlation coefficient to assess linearity of calibration curves

The correlation coefficient is commonly used to evaluate the degree of linear association between two variables. However, it can be shown that a correlation coefficient very close to one might also be obtained for a clearly curved relationship. Other statistical tests, like the Lack-of-fit and Mandel's fitting test appear therefore more suitable for the validation of the linear calibration model. A number of cadmium calibration curves from atomic absorption spectroscopy were assessed for their linearity. All the investigated calibration curves were characterised by a high correlation coefficient (r > 0.997) and low quality coefficient (QC < 5%), but the straight-line model was systematically rejected at the 95% confidence level on the basis of the Lack-of-fit and Mandel's fitting tests. Furthermore, significantly different results were achieved between a linear (LRM) and a quadratic regression (QRM) model in forecasting values for mid-scale calibration standards. The results obtained with the QRM did not differ significantly from the theoretically expected value, while those obtained with the LRM were systematically biased. It was concluded that a straightline model with a high correlation coefficient, but with a lack of fit, yields significantly less accurate results than its curvilinear alternative.
PERAN ADIPURA PADA PELAKSANAAN SISTEM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DI INDONESIA

Solid waste management is a system involving all subsystems of management such as institutional, law, financing, operational, and community participation. Waste law which shelters the solid waste management is the umbrella of all local regulation (Perda). But in fact, its implementation and aplication have not run well as expected. Using a simple analisys method from personal experience as an Adipura award appraiser, the writer tried to reveal the strengths and weaknesses in waste management all this time. The result shows that local governments, in general, haven’t considered the waste management subsystems integratedly in handling the municipal garbage. They usually see the problem partially, not as an integrated system which includes all the subsystems. Municipal waste management should not become a proses which is independent from the other subsystems. It is recommended that the head of regional government see the waste management.
Do independent directors and big-4 audit firms limit classification shifting: evidence from Indian firms

PurposeThis study investigates the moderating role of Big-4 audit firms on the association between board independence and classification shifting (CS) in Indian firms.Design/methodology/approachThis study has employed a fixed-effect panel data regression model to analyze the sample data. Board independence is measured by taking the proportion of independent directors on a firm’s board. CS is measured from the core earnings expectation model (McVay, 2006). Principal Score Matching is applied to validate the results.FindingsBased on 6,016 firm-year observations of Indian firms listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange, results show that firms with a higher proportion of independent directors on board are effective in limiting expense CS. Further, firms that Big-4 audit firms audit play a significant role in curbing expense CS. Overall, results also exhibit that Big-4 audit firms significantly influence the association between board independence and CS.Originality/valueThis study is one of its kind to examine the moderating role of Big-4 audit firms between board independence and CS.
The defeated self: Evidence that entrapment moderates first name priming effects on failure-thought accessibility

ABSTRACT Self-focus has been shown to induce negative thoughts and affects. We hypothesized that individual differences in sense of entrapment moderate the effects of self-focus on failure- and escape-thought accessibility. Participants (N = 150) were briefly primed with their first names or a random string of letters (33 ms), before completing a lexical decision task with words related to success, failure and escape, as well as neutral words. Compared to the control condition, first name priming facilitated identification of failure-related words, and this effect was moderated by self-reported feelings of entrapment. A similar, although marginal, facilitation of name priming was also observed for escape-related words. Sense of entrapment appears to be a vulnerability factor to the negative effects of self-focus.
Cognitive impairment in the population-based ural very old study

Background Despite its marked importance in public health, the prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) and its associated factors have only rarely been examined in old populations in general or in Russia at all. Objective To assess CI prevalence and its determinants in a very elderly population in Russia. Materials and methods The population-based Ural Very Old Study, conducted in rural and urban region in Bashkortostan/Russia, included 1,526 (81.1%) out of 1,882 eligible individuals aged 85+ years. A series of medical examinations including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for the assessment of CI was performed. Results Mini-Mental State Examination data were available for 1,442 (94.5%) individuals (mean age: 88.3 ± 2.9 years; range: 85–103 years). The median MMSE score was 24 (interquartile range: 19, 27). Prevalence of any CI (MMSE score < 24 points) was 701/1,442 [48.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 46.0, 51.2]. Prevalence of mild, moderate and severe CI (MMSE score 19–23 points, 10–18 points, and ≤9 points, respectively) was 357/1,442 (24.8%; 95% CI: 22.5, 27.0), 246/1,442 (17.1%; 95% CI: 15.1, 19.0), and 98/1,442 (6.8%; 95% CI: 5.5, 8.1), resp. A lower MMSE score correlated (regression coefficient r2: 0.31) with older age (beta: −0.13; P < 0.001), rural region of habitation (beta: 0.15; P < 0.001), lower level of education (beta: 0.19; P < 0.001), higher depression score (beta: −0.33; P < 0.001) (or alternatively, higher prevalence of hearing loss (beta: −0.10; P = 0.001), worse visual acuity (beta: −0.10; P = 0.001), and lower physical activity (beta: 0.06; P = 0.04). Conclusion In this elderly study population from rural and urban Russia, prevalence of any, mild, moderate and severe CI was 48.6, 24.8, 17.1, and 6.8%, resp. Besides medical and lifestyle factors, vision and hearing impairment were major factors associated with CI.
Building Resilience in Firefighters: A Systematic Review

Background: We aimed to identify indicators affecting firefighters’ resilience through a systematic review. Methods: International electronic databases, including Web of Science, Medline through PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, were searched on Dec 23, 2018. The search strategy was developed using main words, including firefighter, resilience, and indicators. Then, the indicators related to firefighters’ resilience were extracted and analyzed using a qualitative synthesis method. Results: Overall, 7178 unique documents were identified by searching different databases. Then, by screening the title and abstract, 7104 articles were excluded, and only 74 full text papers were critically studied. Finally, 31 full text articles were selected for the analysis. Quality appraisal of included studies done by modified STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) tool. Moreover, 186 indicators and criteria were extracted from the included studies and classified into 6 domains and 15 categories. Conclusion: This study suggests six main domains, including physical health, physical fitness, mental health, life style, job-related competencies, and demographic status, to categorize different indicators of firefighters’ resilience. Building resilience in firefighters requires all these domains to be considered in the assessment, planning, and evaluation processes.
Recall of Prior Knowledge in Medical Microbiology Among Medical Interns: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Assessment in Saudi Arabia

Background Retention of basic biomedical sciences knowledge is of great importance in medical practice. This study aimed to provide some insights into medical interns’ ability to recall theoretical knowledge of medical microbiology and to explore factors that affect its retention. Methods In this cross-sectional study conducted between January and March 2019, an anonymized questionnaire with 10 validated multiple-choice questions about medical microbiology was distributed as hard copies to test the ability to recall knowledge of Saudi medical interns in three tertiary training hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results A total of 300 medical interns [164 females (54.7%) and 136 males (45.3%)], in three major tertiary medical care centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, voluntarily participated in the study. Almost a third of participants, 107 (36.4%), graduated from medical schools adopting a traditional curriculum, whereas 184 (63.6%) graduated from medical schools adopting problem-based learning (PBL) instructional approach. The overall mean score out of 10 marks was 3.9±1.8 with almost 82% failures scoring less than six marks. Both total and pass/fail grades were significantly associated with interns who graduated from private colleges. Scores were not significantly associated with any of the investigated parameters except type of college (governmental vs private) with a p-value of 0.049. Conclusion The current study revealed an overall poor recall of knowledge in microbiology among interns. Our findings suggest a need for a careful revision of curriculum to correct deficiencies, particularly in teaching medical microbiology. Integration of basic sciences is required as well as aligning teaching of basic medical sciences with clinical skills.
ApiAP2 Gene-Network Regulates Gametocytogenesis in Plasmodium Parasites

Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease, caused by unicellular Apicomplexan protozoa of the genus Plasmodium. The sexual stage of Plasmodium is one of the most fascinating aspects of the Plasmodium life cycle, yet relatively less explored until now. The production of sexually fit gametocytes through gametocytogenesis is essential to the transmission of the Plasmodium parasite into an anopheline mosquito vector. Understanding how gametocytogenesis is regulated promotes the identification of novel drug targets and also the development of transmission-blocking vaccines that would help reduce the disease burden in endemic areas. Transcriptional regulation in Plasmodium parasites is primarily controlled by a family of twenty-seven Apicomplexan Apetela 2 (ApiAP2) genes which act in a cascade to enable the parasite to progress through its asexual replication as well as gametocytogenesis. Here, we review the latest progress made on members of the ApiAP2 family characterized as key players of the transcriptional machinery of gametocytes. Further, we will highlight the transcriptional regulation network of ApiAP2 genes at each stage of gametocytogenesis.
Ten years of collecting hematological athlete biological passport samples—perspectives from a National Anti-doping Organization

The hematological module of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) aims to reveal blood doping indirectly by looking at selected biomarkers of doping over time. For Anti-Doping Organizations (ADOs), the ABP is a vital tool in the fight against doping in sports through improved target testing and analysis, investigations, deterrence, and as indirect evidence for use of prohibited methods or substances. The physiological characteristics of sport disciplines is an important risk factor in the overall risk assessment and when implementing the hematological module. Sharing of experiences with implementing the hematological ABP between ADOs is key to further strengthen and extend its use. In this study, we present 10 years of experience with the hematological ABP program from the perspectives of a National ADO with special attention to sport disciplines' physiological characteristics as a potential risk factor for blood doping. Not surprisingly, most samples were collected in sport disciplines where the aerobic capacity is vital for performance. The study highlights strengths in Anti-Doping Norway's testing program but also areas that could be improved. For example, it was shown that samples were collected both in and out of season in a subset of the data material that included three popular sports in Norway (Cross-Country Skiing, Nordic Combined, and Biathlon), however, from the total data material it was clear that athletes were more likely to be tested out of competition and on certain days of the week and times of the day. The use of doping control officers with a flexible time schedule and testing outside an athlete's 60 min time-slot could help with a more even distribution during the week and day, and thus reduce the predictability of testing. In addition to promoting a discussion on testing strategies, the study can be used as a starting point for other ADOs on how to examine their own testing program.