Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Carthamu stinctorius and Portulaca oleracea Seed Oils In Vitro and In Vivo Using DMH-Induced Colon Cancer Rats

Introduction Plant and some various parts of several plants have been common among people and pharmaceutical industry used for production of drugs used for treatment of several diseases [1-3]. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) were wildly distributed in different areas of the world used as industrial ingredients for production of functional food and therapeutic agents. Several investigators evidence the pharmacological and medicinal effects of edible safflower and purslane plants such as antibiotic [4], antioxiSafflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and purslane (Portulaca oleracea) seed oils prepared previously were used in the present study. The present study was done to investigate the antioxidant and anticancer activities of Safflower (SSO) and purslane (PSO) seed oils in vitro and in vivo using 1,2 Dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced rats. DMH induced rats showed significant changes in biochemical parameters and increases the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in sera of rats. Significant decreases were also found in the activities of antioxidant enzymes defense in plasma and tissues of rats. Glutathione transferase (GSH-T), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-P), glutathione reductase (GSH-R) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were reduced in plasma and tissues of DMHinduced rat group. A marked reduction were observed in the levels of ALP, ALT and γ-GT in sera of rat groups given SSO and PSO exhibited improving in biochemical changes of these liver function enzymes, indicating the role effects of both seed oils against harmful and toxicity of DMH. Significant decreases were observed in the levels of lipid peroxidase (LP) in sera of rats administered SSO and PSO. Higher significant decrease in the level of LP was observed in sera of rats administered SSO more than those given PSO. Safflower (SSO) and purslane (PSO) seed oils showed more effective for inhibiting DMH-induced colon cancer through evaluation and determination of tumor markers (CEA, CA19-9, CA15-3 and CA125) in sera of DMH-induced colon carcinogenic rats group compared versus carcinogenic control rat group. The present results showed the activity of antioxidant enzymes (GSH-T, GSH-P, GSH-R and SOD) were increased significantly in liver, kidney and heart of rat groups treated with SSO and PSO. The most significant findings of the present study are the Safflower (SSO) and purslane (PSO) seed oils have shown beneficial effect not only on colon cancer but also on antioxidant defense enzyme activities in DMHinduced colon carcinogenesis in rats as well as protect cell against DMH oxidative stress by antagonizing DMH toxicity. According to these observations, the use of SSO and PSO can be recommended as antioxidant and anticancer agents for production of many types of inexpensive seed oils have shown beneficial effects in treatments and combating oxidative damages of colon carcinogenesis. Thus the present study suggest the possibility of produced many types of inexpensive seed oils, have shown beneficial effects on chemically induced colon cancer in rats, indicates these seeds could be used as food, food purposes, pharmaceutical and drugs for treatment of different diseases.