Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dose and Risk in Dental Radiography

Dental panoramic tomography (DPT) is a technique by which an image of the entire dentition may be obtained on a single film, without superimposition of structures superficial or deep to the teeth and jaws This is achieved by wrapping a flat tomographic plane around the curve of the jaw. A facility of modern units is the ability to sclect programmes which image specific areas of the mandible and dentition. One such programmable DPT unit (Siemens Orthophos) was used to irradiate an anthropomorphic phantom loaded with lithium fluoride thermoluminescence dosemeters. For each of the 12 programmes available. organ absorbed dose and effective dose (E) were calculated. The suitability of entrance surface dose (ESD) and effective dose (as defined by ICRP) for use as reference doses is discussed. ESD may be a poor indicator of organ absorbed dose distribution due to the complex nature of the dynamic bean geometry: and E underestimates the cancer risk for head-and-neck radiography as a whole due to the exclusion of highly irradiated organs (salivary tissue ) from its calculation, A modification of the calculation of E to include the salivary tissue may provide an appropriate quantity for use as a reference dose, but the time and facilities required to measure the organ doses necessary for its calculation may limit its widespread adoption. Energy imparted may be the easiest quantity to measure for use as a reference dose, but the adequacy with which it represents the risk for head-and-neck radiography is open to question.
Progressive Downsampling Transformer With Convolution-Based Decoder and Its Application in Gear Pitting Measurement

In transformer for semantic segmentation, patch embedding usually has only one convolutional layer with a large stride, leading to the decrease of feature extraction capability. In addition, the complex decoder results in high computation cost. To address the abovementioned two issues, we put forward a progressive downsampling transformer with convolution-based decoder (PDCDT), which is a simple, efficient yet powerful framework. Specifically, progressive downsampling layers for patch embedding are designed to refine the extracted features and reduce information loss at each stage of the hierarchical transformer encoder. Meanwhile, a simple decoder based on a convolution (conv) module is proposed for aggregating the characteristic information from multiscale (MS) output layers of the encoder, and it can realize dimensional transformation and information interaction with fewer parameters than the decoders used in the existing transformers. Extensive experiments show that PDCDT achieves competitive results on ADE20K mean intersection over union (47.9% mIoU) and cityscapes (82.6% mIoU). Finally, PDCDT is applied to gear pitting measurement in the gear contact fatigue test, and the comparative results indicate that PDCDT can improve the accuracy of pitting detection.
The effect of variable target reflectivity on weather radar measurements

Weather radar signals fluctuate because of relative motions among the scatterers; these fluctuations must be accounted for in quantitative reflectivity measurements. The standard theory of weather signal fluctuations assumes targets of fixed reflectivity. In actual measurements, signals from a volume in space and over a short period of time are combined to yield an overall reflectivity measurement. Within this measurement region the reflectivity may not be constant, in which case the standard-fluctuation theory will not strictly apply. It is shown that the theory can readily be extended to include reflectivity variations. Models of the reflectivity structure are introduced to assess the effects of these variations on reflectivity measurements. If the measurement is made by averaging the signal and applying the standard theory, it will tend to underestimate the actual target reflectivity whenever variations are present except for the special case of a radar with a quadratic receiver response. If reflectivity is measured by selecting the maximum intensity level from a sample of size N and applying standard theory, it will tend to overestimate the actual target reflectivity when variations are present. The variance of the measurement is increased by reflectivity variations, whether averaging or peak-detecting is employed. These effects are expected to introduce only small errors (less than 5 dB) in all but extreme cases of reflectivity variations, but such errors can be significant in applications of radar to problems in hydrology or communications, where high accuracy of measurements is required.
Single-step genomic evaluation for growth traits in a Mexican Braunvieh cattle population

Objective The objective was to compare (pedigree-based) best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP), genomic BLUP (GBLUP), and single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP) methods for genomic evaluation of growth traits in a Mexican Braunvieh cattle population. Methods Birth (BW), weaning (WW), and yearling weight (YW) data of a Mexican Braunvieh cattle population were analyzed with BLUP, GBLUP, and ssGBLUP methods. These methods are differentiated by the additive genetic relationship matrix included in the model and the animals under evaluation. The predictive ability of the model was evaluated using random partitions of the data in training and testing sets, consistently predicting about 20% of genotyped animals on all occasions. For each partition, the Pearson correlation coefficient between adjusted phenotypes for fixed effects and non-genetic random effects and the estimated breeding values (EBV) were computed. Results The random contemporary group (CG) effect explained about 50%, 45%, and 35% of the phenotypic variance in BW, WW, and YW, respectively. For the three methods, the CG effect explained the highest proportion of the phenotypic variances (except for YW-GBLUP). The heritability estimate obtained with GBLUP was the lowest for BW, while the highest heritability was obtained with BLUP. For WW, the highest heritability estimate was obtained with BLUP, the estimates obtained with GBLUP and ssGBLUP were similar. For YW, the heritability estimates obtained with GBLUP and BLUP were similar, and the lowest heritability was obtained with ssGBLUP. Pearson correlation coefficients between adjusted phenotypes for non-genetic effects and EBVs were the highest for BLUP, followed by ssBLUP and GBLUP. Conclusion The successful implementation of genetic evaluations that include genotyped and non-genotyped animals in our study indicate a promising method for use in genetic improvement programs of Braunvieh cattle. Our findings showed that simultaneous evaluation of genotyped and non-genotyped animals improved prediction accuracy for growth traits even with a limited number of genotyped animals.
A Novel Model for Spot Price Forecast of Natural Gas Based on Temporal Convolutional Network

Natural gas is often said to be the most environmentally friendly fossil fuel. Its usage has increased significantly in recent years. Meanwhile, accurate forecasting of natural gas spot prices has become critical to energy management, economic growth, and environmental protection. This work offers a novel model based on the temporal convolutional network (TCN) and dynamic learning rate for predicting natural gas spot prices over the following two weekdays. The residual block structure of TCN provides good prediction accuracy, and the dilated causal convolutions minimize the amount of computation. The dynamic learning rate setting was adopted to enhance the model’s prediction accuracy and robustness. Compared with three existing models, i.e., the one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), gate recurrent unit (GRU), and long short-term memory (LSTM), the proposed model can achieve better performance over other models with mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean squared error (RMSE) scores of 4.965%, 0.216, and 0.687, respectively. These attractive advantages make the proposed model a promising candidate for long-term stability in natural gas spot price forecasting.
Hybridization of Bayesian Compressive Sensing and Array Dilation Technique for Synthesis of Linear Isophoric Sparse Antenna Arrays

This article presents a deterministic hybrid algorithm combining the merits of Bayesian compressive sensing (BCS) and array dilation technique (ADT) for the synthesis of aperiodic and isophoric (equally fed) linear sparse array antennas (LSAAs). The hybrid technique overcomes the shortcomings of BCS, i.e., nonuniform amplitude taper which results into a lower taper efficiency, using hybridization with ADT resulting into an isophoric LSAA, thereby improving the taper efficiency. The proposed algorithm can be used to synthesize arbitrary antenna array patterns as per the reference pattern while complementing the constraints on the aperture length and the desired thinning levels. The hybrid algorithm provides a computationally efficient and deterministic technique for synthesizing LSAAs with low sidelobe level (SLL) and demonstrates a wide angular scanning with minimal loss in directivity and SLL over the scan volume. The results demonstrated are comparable or better than the prior literature on LSAAs.
A Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Mechanisms in Gas-Solid Fluidized Beds Using the Two-Fluid Granular Temperature Model

In this work, the two-fluid granular temperature model is used to investigate the heat exchanged between a heated wall and a gas-solid fluidized bed. Numerical simulations were performed in 2-D and 3-D fluidized beds using a solid phase effective thermal conductivity correlation based on the granular temperature. The heat exchange in the bubbles' wake is investigated by tracking the train of bubbles that rises along the heated wall. Large heat transfer coefficients were obtained in the rear wake region of bubbles due to relatively larger granular temperature there and intense particle circulation.
Towards Adaptive Vorticity Confinement

of which the determination is quite arbitrary. In the present study, we suggest two new procedures without such an arbitrariness to protect vortex-dominated flows in the presence of artificial dissipation: One is the adaptive vorticity confinement, where the strength of the confinement term is computed in an adaptive manner as a function of vorticity field, and the other is the upwind scheme based on the rotational form of convection terms. The proposed methods are applied to three basic test problems: traveling Taylor vortex, collision of two vortex rings, and vortex rebound from a wall. In all test cases, the proposed methods eectively counteract the inordinate numerical diusion and show promising results without any need for an arbitrary constant.
Communication Uniqueness of Electromagnetic Fields Using Velocity-Dependent Gauge Potentials

This communication is a condensed version of the work by Giri et al. (2022). Vector and scalar potentials are used for convenience in solving boundary value problems involving electromagnetic (EM) fields. Common gauges are those named for Lorenz and Coulomb, both of which are special cases of what is termed the velocity gauge, or <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$v$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-gauge, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$v$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is an arbitrary complex propagation velocity. This generalized gauge is not usually taught to students of electrodynamics. In this communication, we briefly describe the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$v$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-gauge, including EM field invariance, and demonstrate its application via an example.
Identifying the Needs of Older Adults Associated with Daily Activities: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: By 2050, older adults will constitute 16% of the world population; hence, there is an urgent demand and challenge to design solutions (products and services) that meet the needs of this age group. This study sought to analyse the needs that impact the well-being of Chilean older adults and present possible solutions through the design of products. Methodology: A qualitative study was used, where focus groups were held with older adults, industrial designers, health professionals, and entrepreneurs on the needs and design of solutions for older adults. Results: A general map was obtained that linked the categories and subcategories related to the relevant needs and solutions, which were then classified in a framework. Conclusions: The resulting proposal places the needs in different fields of expertise; and thus, enables positioning, broadening, and expanding upon the map to share knowledge, between the user and key experts, to co-create solutions.
Application of Lattice Boltzmann Method to Simulation of Compressible Turbulent Flow

The main goal of this paper is to develop the coupled double-distributionfunction (DDF) lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for simulation of subsonic and transonic turbulent flows. In the present study, we adopt the second-order implicit-explicit (IMEX) Runge-Kutta schemes for time discretization and the Non-Oscillatory and NonFree-Parameters Dissipative (NND) finite difference scheme for space discretization. The Sutherland’s law is used for expressing the viscosity of the fluid due to considerable temperature change. Also, the Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model is incorporated in order for the turbulent flow effect to be pronounced. Numerical experiments are performed on different turbulent compressible flows around a NACA0012 airfoil with body-fitted grid. Our numerical results are found to be in good agreement with experiment data and/or other numerical solutions, demonstrating the applicability of the method presented in this study to simulations of both subsonic and transonic turbulent flows. AMS subject classifications: 76M28, 82B40, 76N15, 76F55
Value of Laboratory Indicators in Predicting Pneumonia in Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients Infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant

Background The pathogenicity of Omicron is different from that of the previous strains. The value of hematological indicators in patients at high risk of Omicron infection remains unclear. We need rapid, inexpensive and widely available biomarkers to guide the early detection of people at risk of pneumonia and to provide early intervention. We aimed to assess the value of hematological indicators as risk factors for pneumonia in symptomatic COVID-19 patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Patients and Methods The study enrolled 144 symptomatic COVID-19 patients with Omicron infection. We collected available clinical details, including laboratory tests and CT examinations. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to assess the value of laboratory markers in predicting the development of pneumonia. Results Among the 144 patients, 50 (34.7%) had pneumonia. The ROC analysis revealed that the areas under the ROC curve (AUC) for leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and fibrinogen were 0.603 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.501–0.704, P=0.043), 0.615 (95% CI: 0.517–0.712, P=0.024), 0.632 (95% CI: 0.534–0.730, P=0.009) and 0.635 (95% CI: 0.539–0.730, P=0.008), respectively. The AUC for neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), fibrinogen to lymphocyte ratio (FLR), and fibrinogen to D-dimer ratio (FDR) were 0.670 (95% CI: 0.580–0.760, P=0.001), 0.632 (95% CI: 0.535–0.728, P=0.009), 0.669 (95% CI: 0.575–0.763, P=0.001) and 0.615 (95% CI: 0.510–0.721, P=0.023), respectively. Univariate analysis showed that elevated levels of NLR (odds ratio (OR): 1.219, 95% CI: 1.046–1.421, P=0.011), FLR (OR: 1.170, 95% CI: 1.014–1.349, P=0.031) and FDR (OR: 1.131, 95% CI: 1.039–1.231, P=0.005) were significantly correlated with the presence of pneumonia. Multivariate analysis indicated elevated NLR (OR: 1.248, 95% CI: 1.068–1.459, P=0.005) and FDR (OR: 1.160, 95% CI: 1.054–1.276, P=0.002) levels were associated with the existence of pneumonia. The AUC for the combination of NLR and FDR was 0.701 (95% CI: 0.606–0.796, P<0.001, sensitivity 56.0%, specificity 83.0%). Conclusion NLR and FDR can predict the presence of pneumonia in symptomatic COVID-19 patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.
A Drastic Change of the Fermi Surface at a Critical Pressure in CeRhIn5: dHvA Study under Pressure

We carried out the de Haas–van Alphen (dHvA) experiment for an antiferromagnet CeRhIn 5 at high pressures up to 3 GPa. The cross-sectional areas of the Fermi surfaces due to main dHvA branches α i and β 2 at ambient pressure, which are well explained by two kinds of nearly cylindrical Fermi surfaces of a non-4 f reference compound LaRhIn 5 , are unchanged up to about 2.3 GPa, while the corresponding cyclotron masses m c * increase steeply above a pressure P * = 1.6 GPa where pressure-induced superconductivity sets in : m * c = 5.5 m 0 at ambient pressure, 20 m 0 at 1.6 GPa and 60 m 0 at 2.2 GPa for branch β 2 , for example. Above 2.4 GPa, new dHvA branches appear, which are in good agreement with the corresponding dHvA branches of a 4 f -itinerant heavy fermion superconductor CeCoIn 5 , indicating that the 4 f electron of CeRhIn 5 becomes itinerant and significantly contributes to the volume of the Fermi surface. The 4 f -electron character is thus changed from localized to itinerant at a critical pressur.
Tail probabilities from observed likelihoods

SUMMARY An exponential model not in standard form is fully characterized by an observed likelihood function and its first sample space derivative, up to one-one transformations of the observable variable. This property is used to modify the Lugannani & Rice (1980) tail probability approximation to make it parameterization invariant. Then, for general continuous models a version of tangent exponential model is defined, and used to derive a general tail probability approximation that uses only the observed likelihood and its first sample-space derivative. The analysis extends from density functions to distribution functions the tangent exponential model methods of Fraser (1988). A related tail probability approximation has been reported (Barndorff-Nielsen, 1988b) in the discussion to Reid (1988).
COVID-19 in Older Patients: Assessment of Post-COVID-19 Sarcopenia

(1) Background: Acute COVID-19 infections produce alterations in the skeletal muscle, leading to acute sarcopenia, but the medium- and long-term consequences are still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate: (1) body composition; (2) muscle strength and the prevalence of sarcopenia; and (3) the relationship between muscle strength with symptomatic and functional evolution in older patients affected by/recovered from COVID-19; (2) Methods: A prospective, longitudinal study of patients aged ≥65 years who had suffered from COVID-19 infection between 1 March and 31 May 2020, as confirmed by PCR or subsequent seroconversion. Persistent symptoms, as well as anthropometric, clinical, and analytical characteristics, were analyzed at 3 and 12 months after infection. The degree of sarcopenia was determined by dynamometry and with SARC-F; (3) Results: 106 participants, aged 76.8 ± 7 years, were included. At 3 months postinfection, a high percentage of sarcopenic patients was found, especially among women and in those with hospitalization. At 12 months postinfection, this percentage had decreased, coinciding with a functional and symptomatic recovery, and the normalization of inflammatory parameters, especially interleukin-6 (4.7 ± 11.6 pg/mL vs. 1.5 ± 2.4 pg/mL, p < 0.05). The improvement in muscle strength was accompanied by significant weight gain (71.9 ± 12.1 kg vs. 74.7 ± 12.7 kg, p < 0.001), but not by an increase in lean mass (49.6 ± 10 vs. 49.9 ± 10, p 0.29); (4) Conclusions: Older COVID-19 survivors presented a functional, clinical, and muscular recovery 12 months postinfection. Even so, it is necessary to carry out comprehensive follow-ups and assessments that include aspects of nutrition and physical activity.
Measuring the temperature coefficient of leaky SAW velocity using V(x) technique

The V(x) ultrasonic material characterization system was developed for the measurement of the temperature coefficient of the LSAW velocity. To obtain the temperature coefficient, the leaky wave velocity is measured as a function of the temperature of the coupling liquid and a specimen. By testing the system with the fused quartz specimen, the error of the temperature coefficient measurement was estimated to be 0.03 m (s/spl deg/C)/sup -1/. The proposed technique was used for the characterization of the thermal treatment of carbon steel samples.
Medical and social implications of alcohol use among adult women in a rural area of Ranchi, Jharkhand: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: The harmful use of alcohol is increasing at a huge pace leading to the occurrence of multiple diseases and has become a leading risk factor for global burden of diseases. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the health profile of adult women and to find out the medical and social effects of alcohol consumption. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural field practice area, Ormanjhi of RIMS, Ranchi, for a duration of 27 months (September 2016 to November 2018) among 336 women by multistage random sampling. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Templates were generated in MS Excel sheet and analysis of data was done using SPSS software (20.0). Results: The mean BMI of the study subjects was 21.62 ± 3.33 kg/m2. Anaemia was present in 42.6% of the women, 10.4% women were hypertensive and 9.2% were suffering from diabetes. The association between alcohol consumption and occurrence of co-morbidities was found insignificant. The social effects of alcoholism varied ranging from going into debts seen in 35.42% of the women; 62.5% of the women were criticised about their drinking habit by relatives or children. About 9.5% of the women were found to consume alcohol during their last pregnancy, and among women who were on regular intake of alcohol even during pregnancy, majority (65.62%) of them delivered by normal vaginal delivery. Conclusion: Alcohol consumption among females caused several adverse social consequences without any significant effect on health.
Quantitative Analysis of Users’ Agreement on Open Educational Resources Quality Inside Repositories

Quality assessment inside learning object repositories is normally performed by the community of users that share interest and rate the same resources. At the same time, this strategy is largely disseminated in the most known repositories. In addition, the final presentation of the overall quality of the resources is normally restricted to the average rating given by the community, thus, hiding the internal distribution of the ratings and the characteristics of the users involved in the evaluation process. The present paper analyzes to which extent different raters tend to agree about the quality of the resources inside the Merlot repository. For that, data were collected from the repository and calculated the Intra-Class Correlation coefficient for 102 pairs of evaluators, as well as the Spearman correlation among the average ratings of a given resource by evaluators coming from the same categories of disciplines. Results point out a high concentration of poor agreement between raters (75% to 85% of the pairs of raters tended to disagree), and no correlation among the average ratings of the resources from the different disciplines. Based on these findings, the authors suggest improvements to the repository interface better presenting the overall quality of the resources.
Expectations of products of quadratic forms in normal variables

Let x be normally distributed N p (μ∑) where ∑is positive definite and define the quadratic form and product of quadratic forms. We present explicite simple expressions for the raw moments and cumulants, of arbitrary order, of a quadratic form Q(x) in normal variates on R pand of the expectation of a product Q kof an arbitrary number of quadratic forms in normally distributed variables