Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maternal Anxiety Symptoms and Chinese Adolescents' Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Protective Role of Adolescents' Self-Compassion

The COVID-19 outbreak triggered dramatic changes to family life. Parents, especially mothers, were found to experience more psychological distress during the pandemic, which may have had an impact on their children's mental health. The primary goal of this study was to examine the potential protective role of adolescents' self-compassion in the relationship between maternal anxiety and adolescents' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants included 5,720 adolescents (48.9% girls; Mage = 11.60, SDage = 1.36) and their mothers from Zhengzhou city, Henan province, in Mainland China. Adolescents reported their level of self-compassion, PTSD symptoms, and negative affect during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mothers reported their own anxiety symptoms and their children's depression and anxiety symptoms. Results indicated that older female adolescents reported higher levels of PTSD symptoms and negative affect and lower levels of self-compassion than their counterparts. Maternal anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic was consistently positively associated with adolescents' psychological maladjustment. These associations were buffered by adolescents' self-compassion. Specifically, adolescents with higher levels of self-compassion were found to be less psychologically affected by their mothers' anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings highlighted the possibility of improving adolescents' mental health through fostering their self-compassion during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Inclusion of Refugee Peers – Differences Between Own Preferences and Expectations of the Peer Group

Given the high numbers of refugees from Syria entering Germany in the recent years, the social integration of refugee youth has become an increasingly important issue in Germany. Thus, the current study examines adolescents’ decisions and reasoning around the inclusion of Syrian peers in Germany. Using a hypothetical scenario, we assessed adolescents’ (N = 100, M = 13.65 years, SD = 1.93, 51 females, 49 males) peer inclusion decisions and reasoning with attention to comparing inclusion of a Syrian refugee peer and a German peer. Given the importance of group norms for adolescents, we assessed not only adolescents’ own inclusion decisions, but also what they would expect their peer group to decide and what they think their peer group should do. Moreover, adolescents’ underlying reasoning was assessed. The analyses revealed that adolescents thought they would be more inclusive of a Syrian peer than a German peer and that their peer group should be more inclusive of a Syrian peer than a German peer. These tendencies toward including refugees were justified with references to morality as well as social-conventions. In contrast to their own decisions and to what they think their peer group should, participants expected their group would be more inclusive toward a German peer than a Syrian peer. This was mainly justified by referencing aspects of group functioning and psychological information about the peers, whereas moral and prosocial reasoning was very rarely used for the expected group decision. In sum, these findings document that adolescents in Germany wish to be inclusive regarding refugee peers and that they balance attention to morality and other domains of social reasoning when thinking about inclusion decisions while they expect that their peers will not consider morally relevant information when making these decisions. These findings have important practical implications as they indicate the importance of interventions that focus on promoting inclusive peer group norms.
Age and Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Oligodendrocyte Changes in Hippocampal Subregions

Oligodendrocytes (OLs) form myelin sheaths and provide metabolic support to axons in the CNS. Although most OLs develop during early postnatal life, OL generation continues in adulthood, and this late oligodendrogenesis may contribute to neuronal network plasticity in the adult brain. We used genetic tools for OL labeling and fate tracing of OL progenitors (OPCs), thereby determining OL population growth in hippocampal subregions with normal aging. OL numbers increased up to at least 1 year of age, but the rates and degrees of this OL change differed among hippocampal subregions. In particular, adult oligodendrogenesis was most prominent in the CA3 and CA4 subregions. In Alzheimer’s disease-like conditions, OL loss was also most severe in the CA3 and CA4 of APP/PS1 mice, although the disease did not impair the rate of OPC differentiation into OLs in those regions. Such region-specific, dynamic OL changes were not correlated with those of OPCs or astrocytes, or the regional distribution of Aβ deposits. Our findings suggest subregion-dependent mechanisms for myelin plasticity and disease-associated OL vulnerability in the adult hippocampus.
Predictability of 6 Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Formulas in People With Very High Myopia

Purpose To investigate the accuracy of 6 intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas in predicting refractive outcomes in extremely long eyes. Setting Department of Ophthalmology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taiwan. Design Retrospective comparative study. Methods In this retrospective single-center study, we reviewed 70 eyes of 70 patients with axial length (AL) ≥ 28 mm who had received an uneventful 2.2 mm corneal wound phacoemulsification and in-the-bag IOL placement. The actual postoperative refractive results were compared to the predicted refraction calculated with 6 formulas (Haigis, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, SRK/T, T2, Barrett Universal II formulas) using IOLMaster 500 as optical biometry in the User Group for Laser Interference Biometry (ULIB) constants. Results Overall, the Haigis and Barrett formulas achieved the lowest level of mean prediction error (PE) and median absolute error (MedAE). Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, SRK/T, and T2 had hyperopic prediction errors (p < 0.05). The Hoffer Q and Holladay 1 had significantly more MedAE between the 6 formulas. After the mean PE was zeroed out, the MedAE had no significant difference between each group. The absolute error tends to be larger in patients with longer AL. The absolute errors were 30.0–37.1% and 60.0–64.3% within 1.0 D of all patients compared to predicted refraction calculated using various formulas. Conclusion The Haigis and Barrett Universal II formulas had a better success rate in predicting IOL power in high myopic eyes with AL longer than 28 mm using the ULIB constant in this study. The postoperative refractive results were inferior to the benchmark standards, which indicated that the precision of IOL power calculation in patients with high myopia still required improvement.
FORUM ON THEORY IN ANTHROPOLOGY Shimao and the Rise of States in China Archaeology, Historiography, and Myth

The U The Shimao (石峁) site, located in northeastern Shaanxi Province, is the focus of some of the most exciting work being done in Chinese archaeology today. Since 2012, the site has been included several times in the list of themost important discoveries of Chinese archaeology and was even selected by the first Shanghai Archaeology Forum as one of the top 10 archaeological discoveries in the world. Because of its unique nature and the exemplary work being done by its excavators, Shimao could have formed the basis of a new focus on systematic fieldwork and rigorous model building. Instead, the excavation of Shimao has been subsumed in traditional narratives that have supported linear views of history and thrown focus especially on its relationship to the emergence of dynastic China in the Central Plains. We will argue here, rather, that another approach would be to see the Shimao center as the core of a regional trajectory that is parallel, but not necessarily tied, to the developments in the Central Plains.
S003329172000272Xjra 968..978

Background. Substance use occurs at a high rate in persons with a psychiatric disorder. Genetically informative studies have the potential to elucidate the etiology of these phenomena. Recent developments in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) allow new avenues of investigation. Method. Using results of GWAS meta-analyses, we performed a factor analysis of the genetic correlation structure, a genome-wide search of shared loci, and causally informative tests for six substance use phenotypes (four smoking, one alcohol, and one cannabis use) and five psychiatric disorders (ADHD, anorexia, depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia). Results. Two correlated externalizing and internalizing/psychosis factor were found, although model fit was beneath conventional standards. Of 458 loci reported in previous univariate GWAS of substance use and psychiatric disorders, about 50% (230 loci) were pleiotropic with additional 111 pleiotropic loci not reported from past GWAS. Of the 341 pleiotropic loci, 152 were associated with both substance use and psychiatric disorders, implicating neurodevelopment, cell morphogenesis, biological adhesion pathways, and enrichment in 13 different brain tissues. Seventy-five and 114 pleiotropic loci were specific to either psychiatric disorders or substance use phenotypes, implicating neuronal signaling pathway and clathrin-binding functions/structures, respectively. No consistent evidence for phenotypic causation was found across different Mendelian randomization methods. Conclusions. Genetic etiology of substance use and psychiatric disorders is highly pleiotropic and involves shared neurodevelopmental path, neurotransmission, and intracellular trafficking. In aggregate, the patterns are not consistent with vertical pleiotropy, more likely reflecting horizontal pleiotropy or more complex forms of phenotypic causation.
African Bat Conservation News vol. 27

Background The survey at Lufupa camp in the Kafue National Park in Zambia from 18-31 January 2008 was undertaken as part of a Wilderness Safaris guide training course, to give participants an experience of an animal they would rarely have encountered at close quarters. The survey took place in the middle of the wet season (MWIMA, 2001). Kafue National Park created in the early 1920’s, but only formally proclaimed as a national park in 1950, is the oldest National Park in Zambia, and comprises an area of 22,400 km (2,240,000 ha) (ANSELL, 1978; MWIMA, 2001). Three different ecoregions are represented within the Park: Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands; Zambezian flooded grasslands and Zambezian Cryptosepalum dry forests (OLSEN and DINERSTEIN, 2002). Lufupa camp is situated on the westerly bank of the Kafue River at the junction with the Lufupa River (Figure 1), and falls within the Zambezian flooded grasslands ecoregion. The camp at Lufupa was established as one of eleven visitor accommodation sites in the park by 1959 (MWIMA, 2001). CHIROPTERA OF LUFUPA CAMP, KAFUE NATIONAL PARK, ZAMBIA; WITH TAXONOMIC NOTES ON EPOMOPHORUS, NYCTICEINOPS, SCOTOPHILUS AND SCOTOECUS
Bayesian Spatial Models of Crash Frequency at Highway–Railway Crossings

Though rare, crashes at highway–railway crossings usually result in severe injuries and fatalities. Intersections along railway corridors share many conditions that support the use of spatial analyses, but so far the spatial effects are essentially unknown. Little research has been conducted about highway–railway crossings using spatial correlation. The study presented in this paper analyzed spatial correlation structures on crash frequency at railway crossings, particularly conditional autoregressive (CAR) and joint specification, with the use of Gaussian Kriging models. Full Bayesian Poisson–lognormal approaches were used to compare the effects of various models, including heterogeneity-only, spatial-only, and heterogeneity–spatial models. These methods were estimated with crash data from a low-speed passenger train service in Costa Rica. The deviance information criterion was used to compare the models. Heterogeneity–CAR models show a better goodness of fit than heterogeneity-only, joint Kriging, and CAR-only definitions. The second-order neighboring model (CAR-2) yielded the best fit and related to an average neighbor distance of about 700 m (0.44 mi). Robust semi-variograms based on joint Kriging models and CAR methods showed similar results. The proportion of variation in the data explained by spatial correlation methods was similar (29% of the total variation). These findings suggest that spatial correlation at highway–railway crossings should be considered in modeling of crash frequencies.
An investigation into the acoustics of an open plan compared to enclosed Kindergarten classroom

Open plan classrooms, where several class bases share the same space, have recently re-emerged in Sydney primary schools. This case study examines the acoustics of a mid-range open plan Kindergarten classroom containing 91 students, compared to an enclosed classroom of 25 students. Ambient noise levels, intrusive noise levels, occupied background noise levels, and teacher’s speech levels were recorded in both classrooms during different activities. Room impulse responses using logarithmic sweeps were also recorded in each classroom for different teaching scenarios. From these recordings, signal-to-noise ratios, speech transmission index scores, and reverberation times were calculated. The results revealed much higher intrusive noise levels in the open plan classroom, resulting in signal-to-noise ratios and speech transmission index scores to be well below those recommended in classrooms with students of this age. Reverberation time in the open plan classroom was also outside the recommended level. Additionally, occupied background noise levels in both classroom types were well above recommended levels. These results show the importance of further research into the noise levels of open plan classrooms to determine if they are suitable learning spaces for young students. The impacts of noise on speech perception, learning, and teacher’s vocal health are discussed.
Welfare Eﬀects of Using Hospital Rate Setting as an Alternative to Bargaining

Theoretical predictions on how bilateral bargaining aﬀects total welfare are ambiguous. Prices paid to hospitals by insurers are determined in yearly bilateral negotiations in all U.S. states except Maryland. This paper uses the unique all-payer health care regulation of Maryland to empirically analyze how removing bilateral bargaining from the health care market aﬀects overall welfare. We estimate a structural model of hospital and insurer demand that captures consumer behavior, and a generalized linear model that explains Maryland’s hospital pricing rule. The parameter estimates used in counterfactual analysis are obtained using hospital-, insurer-, and patient-level data from 2010. In the counterfactual world, we apply a Maryland-style pricing regime to New Jersey, and simulate the responses of hospitals, insurers, and patients. We ﬁnd that removal of bargaining between hospitals and insurers is beneﬁcial to total welfare, however beneﬁts producers at the expense of consumers. Our results indicate that if New Jersey were to implement a hospital rate setting rule, producer surplus would go up by 1.6 billion dollars and consumer welfare would decrease by 720 million dollars a year. The increase in producer surplus is partially due to the fact that all insurers except Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS) switch to lower cost hospitals, decrease their premiums, and increase their enrollment. BCBS, who formerly covered more than half of the enrollees in the state, increases its premiums to maintain full coverage of hospitals in the market since it likely no longer beneﬁts from discounts from hospitals. Increasing BCBS premiums also leads to an increase in producer surplus, and is the leading factor behind the decrease in consumer welfare. As BCBS is a dominant player in the market, we also investigate the impacts of keeping its markup constant as well as keeping its premium-network combination constant. We ﬁnd that total surplus increases for both cases, however, only when BCBS is not allowed to change its premiums do we see an increase in consumer surplus and a fall in the number of uninsured.
Shakedown Limit Loads for 90-Degree Scheduled Pipe Bends Subjected to Constant Internal Pressure and Cyclic Bending Moments

A simplified technique for determining the shakedown limit load for a long radius 90-degree pipe bend was previously developed [1, 2]. The simplified technique utilizes the finite element method and employs the small displacement formulation to determine the shakedown limit load (moment) without performing lengthy time consuming full cyclic loading finite element simulations or utilizing conventional iterative elastic techniques. The shakedown limit load is determined through the calculation of residual stresses developed within the pipe bend structure. In the current paper, a parametric study is conducted through applying the simplified technique on three scheduled pipe bends namely: NPS (Nominal Pipe Size) 10" Sch. No. 20, NPS 10" Sch. No. 40 STD, and NPS 10" Sch. No. 80. Two material models are assigned namely; an elastic-perfectly-plastic (EPP) material and an idealized elastic-linear strain hardening material obeying Ziegler’s linear kinematic hardening (KH) rule. This type of material model is termed in the current study as the KH-material. The pipe bends are subjected to a spectrum of constant internal pressure magnitudes and cyclic bending moments. The cyclic bending includes three different loading patterns namely: in-plane closing (IPC), in-plane opening (IPO), and out-of-plane (OP) bending moment loadings of the pipe bends. The shakedown limit moments output by the simplified technique are used to generate shakedown diagrams of the scheduled pipe bends for the spectrum of constant internal pressure magnitudes. A comparison between the generated shakedown diagrams for the pipe bends employing the EPP- and the KH-materials is presented. Relatively higher shakedown limit moments were recorded for the pipe bends employing the KH-material at the medium to high internal pressure magnitudes. © 2008 ASME
Multi-valued logic design methodology with double negative differential resistance transistors

Multi-valued logic (MVL) is one of the promising alternatives of binary logic since it has a high-logic density, which brings a vision of simpler circuit structure. Based on a novel concept as double negative differential resistance field effect transistor and its analytic description, a design methodology utilising the mechanism of monostable-to-multistable transition logic element (MMLE) for MVL is proposed in this study. The basic ternary logic gates are designed as a complete logic set, and a compact ternary four-input full adder is constructed as an example of function circuits. Comparing with binary circuit and ternary circuit based on conventional design, the circuit shows advantage in device cost and other properties. The results verify that this MMLE design methodology has a good information load ability, which will have a brilliant prospect in MVL circuits.
INFLUENCE OF DE-COHERENCE EFFECTS ON SONAR ARRAY GAIN: SCLAED EXPERIMENT, SIMULATIONS AND SIMPLIFIED THEORY COMPARISON

Our study focuses on the subject of acoustic wave propagation through spatially fluctuating ocean. The fluctuations are here linear internal waves (LIW) and we developed an experimental protocol in water tank in order to reproduce the effects of LIW on ultrasound propagation. The present paper gathers the results obtained in terms of coherence function (second-order moment) for various configurations. Typical regimes of the ΛΦ plane developed by Flatte were explored, resulting into coherence function becoming narrower as the saturation increases. We also relate the coherence function to an array gain degradation parameter, δAG, which accounts for how the system performance will be mitigated in a given configuration. δAG was calculated for various sizes of vertical linear array (VLA) and showed an important dependence on the VLA's length. Typically, in any case (scaled experiment, computer simulations and simplified theory), we note that the longer the VLA, the greater the corresponding δAG. Moreover, as the saturation induced by medium fluctuations increases, δAG increases as well. This highlights the need for corrective signal processing techniques when large VLAs are used in a fluctuating environment. Signal processing techniques from various domains (e.g. adaptive optics, radio) are also studied.
Trailing-Edge Noise Reduction Technologies for Applications in Wind Energy

A selection of trailing-edge modifications targeted towards trailing-edge noise reduction was tested in the Acoustic Wind Tunnel Braunschweig (AWB) of the German Aerospace Center. The measurements were focused on the transfer of known noise reduction technologies from aerospace to wind energy application. For this purpose, these technologies were applied to a NACA 64-618 airfoil and a newly developed low-noise airfoil, RoH-W-18%c37. The applied noise reduction technologies are in the form of plate extensions (1) comb-type trailing-edge: brush and slotted, (2) serrated trailing-edge, and (3) porous trailing-edge. Acoustic measurements were conducted for the geometrical angles of attack $\alpha_g$ = 4$^\circ$ , 7$^\circ$ , 11$^\circ$ and the freestream velocities U$_\infty$ = 40, 50, 60 m/s corresponding to the chord-based Reynolds numbers Re = 0.8, 1.0, 1.2$\times$106 . The low-noise airfoil, RoH-W-18%c37, shows an aerodynamic improvement while providing similar noise characteristics to the NACA 64-618. For cases with the maximum extent of the laminar boundary layer, 2 dB noise reduction at the boundary layer thickness based Strouhal number St $\approx$ 0.5 was observed without any trailing-edge modifications. Noise reductions of 7-10 dB at St < 1 were measured for trailing-edge modified with the brush extension. A noise increase for the serrated trailing-edge was observed at St > 1. This was minimized with the use of the porous serration with the detriment of the noise reduction at St < 1. The use of microperforated trailing-edge extensions leads to 1 - 4 dB noise reduction and their noise reducing attribute is not as consistent as for the other two types of extensions.
Practical Digital Disguises: Leveraging Face Swaps to Protect Patient Privacy

With rapid advancements in image generation technology, face swapping for privacy protection has emerged as an active area of research. The ultimate benefit is improved access to video datasets, e.g. in healthcare settings. Recent literature has proposed deep network-based architectures to perform facial swaps and reported the associated reduction in facial recognition accuracy. However, there is not much reporting on how well these methods preserve the types of semantic information needed for the privatized videos to remain useful for their intended application. Our main contribution is a novel end-to-end face swapping pipeline for recorded videos of standardized assessments of autism symptoms in children. Through this design, we are the first to provide a methodology for assessing the privacy-utility trade-offs for the face swapping approach to patient privacy protection. Our methodology can show, for example, that current deep network based face swapping is bottle-necked by face detection in real world videos, and the extent to which gaze and expression information is preserved by face swaps relative to baseline privatization methods such as blurring.