Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wave Setup and Longshore Currents Induced by Directional Spectral Waves: Prediction Formulas Based on Numerical Computation Results

Wave setup and longshore currents on planar beaches induced by directional spectral waves have been computed for beach slopes ranging from 1/100 to 1/10, waves with deep-water wave steepness from 0.005 to 0.08 and offshore incident angles from 1° to 70°. The author's random wave breaking model PEGBIS (Parabolic Equation with Gradational Breaker Index for Spectral waves) is employed for the evaluation of wave attenuation by breaking. Prediction formulas are empirically derived for estimation of the wave setup at the shoreline and the cross-shore distribution of longshore currents on the basis of numerical computation results. Effects of spectral peakedness and directional spreading, surface roller, and turbulent eddy viscosity on wave setup and longshore currents are examined. The formulas have shown the capability to predict the wave setup and longshore currents observed in several field measurements fairly well.
‘This Is What the Colour Green Smells Like!’: Urban Forest Bathing Improved Adolescent Nature Connection and Wellbeing

Background: Research suggests that an early connection with nature can benefit wellbeing into adulthood. However, there is less research assessing whether adolescents benefit from formal nature connection interventions such as forest bathing (slow mindful nature walks). This research aimed to assess whether an urban nature connection intervention (called ParkBathe) could improve adolescents’ nature connection and wellbeing. Method: In an experimental repeated measures design, 44 adolescents sampled opportunistically from Scouts groups, completed surveys and interviews before and after experiencing an urban nature connection intervention. Results: Paired-samples t-tests between baseline and post-intervention survey scores revealed statistically significant improvements in anxiety (13% reduction); rumination (44% reduction); scepticism (17% reduction); nature connection (25% increase); and social connection (12% increase). The largest effect size was found for nature connection. Interviews revealed that before the session, participants had a mixed understanding and expectations of the intervention. Conclusions: After the session, the participants expressed enjoying the social aspects of being part of a group and being present in the moment by noticing nature. They expressed the effects of this as immediately calming and relaxing. Urban forest bathing improved nature connection and wellbeing in adolescents and could be implemented and/or signposted by schools and youth charities.
Forage sorghum grown in a conventional wheat–grain sorghum–fallow rotation increased cropping system productivity and profitability

Abstract Intensifying winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)–grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]–fallow (W–GS–FL) crop rotation with annual forages can increase productivity and resource use efficiency. The objective of this research was to quantify the impact of increasing crop intensity by growing forages in a traditional W–GS–FL rotation on cropping system productivity, water use, precipitation use efficiency, and net income. The study was conducted at the Southwest Research-Extension Center near Garden City, Kansas, from 2013 through 2020. Winter wheat (W), grain sorghum (GS), forage sorghum (FS), and forage oats (FO, Avena sativa L.) were used to generate six crop rotation treatments. These rotation treatments interspersed with fallow periods (FL) were W–GS–FL, W–FS–FL, W/FS–GS–FO, W/FS–FS–FO, W/FS–GS–FL, and W/FS–FS–FL. A W/FS indicates winter wheat double crop FS planted in the same year. The yield of FS was 45%–56% more with W/FS–FS–FO and W/FS–FS–FL compared with W–FS–FL. Available soil water at GS planting was 23%–30% less, and GS yield was 52%–60% smaller with W/FS–GS–FL compared to W–GS–FL. Water productivity and pre-season soil water storage were greatest with W/FS–FS–FL and W/FS–FS–FO. Inclusion of W/FS increased cost of production compared with W–GS(FS)–FL rotations. Gross return was greatest with W/FS–FS–FO and W/FS–FS–FL. The W/FS–FS–FO increased cropping intensity, productivity, resource use, and gross margin relative to other rotations in the semi-arid Great Plains. Producers should consider double-cropping of FS after wheat harvest, followed by a second year of FS in dryland cropping systems if there is sufficient forage demand.
Hopf algebras, distributive (Laplace) pairings and hash products: a unified approach to tensor product decompositions of group characters

We show for bicommutative graded connected Hopf algebras that a certain distributive (Laplace) subgroup of the convolution monoid of 2-cochains parameterizes certain well behaved Hopf algebra deformations. Using the Laplace group, or its Frobenius subgroup, we define higher derived hash products, and develop a general theory to study their main properties. Applying our results to the (universal) bicommutative graded connected Hopf algebra of symmetric functions, we show that classical tensor product and character decompositions, such as those for the general linear group, mixed co- and contravariant or rational characters, orthogonal and symplectic group characters, Thibon and reduced symmetric group characters, are special cases of higher derived hash products. In the appendix we discuss a relation to formal group laws.
On commutative, operator amenable subalgebras of finite von Neumann algebras

Abstract It has been conjectured, motivated in part by old results of Dixmier and Day on bounded Hilbertian representations of amenable groups, that every norm-closed amenable subalgebra of ℬ﻿(ℋ) is automatically similar to an amenable C*-algebra. Results of Curtis and Loy (1995), Gifford (2006), and Marcoux (2008) give some evidence to support this conjecture, but it remains open even for commutative subalgebras. We present more evidence to support this conjecture, by showing that a closed, commutative, operator amenable subalgebra of a finite von Neumann algebra ℳ must be similar to a selfadjoint-subalgebra. Technical results used include an approximation argument based on Grothendieck's inequality and the Pietsch Domination Theorem, together with an adaptation of a theorem of Gifford to the setting of unbounded operators affiliated to ℳ.
Associating geometry to the Lie superalgebra $\mathfrak {sl}(1\|1)$ and to the color Lie algebra $\mathfrak {sl}^c_2(\Bbbk )$

In the 1990s, in work of Le Bruyn and Smith and in work of Le Bruyn and Van den Bergh, it was proved that point modules and line modules over the homogenization of the universal enveloping algebra of a finite-dimensional Lie algebra describe useful data associated to the Lie algebra. In particular, in the case of the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{sl}_2(\mathbb{C})$, there is a correspondence between Verma modules and certain line modules that associates a pair $(\mathfrak{h},\,\phi)$, where $\mathfrak{h}$ is a two-dimensional Lie subalgebra of $\mathfrak{sl}_2(\mathbb{C})$ and $\phi \in \mathfrak{h}^*$ satisfies $\phi([\mathfrak{h}, \, \mathfrak{h}]) = 0$, to a particular type of line module. In this article, we prove analogous results for the Lie superalgebra $\mathfrak{sl}(1|1)$ and for a color Lie algebra associated to the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{sl}_2$.
Averaged vs. quenched large deviations and entropy for random walk in a dynamic random environment

We consider random walk with bounded jumps on a hypercubic lattice of arbitrary dimension in a dynamic random environment. The environment is temporally independent and spatially translation invariant. We study the rate functions of the level-3 averaged and quenched large deviation principles from the point of view of the particle. In the averaged case the rate function is a specific relative entropy, while in the quenched case it is a Donsker-Varadhan type relative entropy for Markov processes. We relate these entropies to each other and seek to identify the minimizers of the level-3 to level-1 contractions in both settings. Motivation for this work comes from variational descriptions of the quenched free energy of directed polymer models where the same Markov process entropy appears.
SuperDARN observations of spectral enhancements excited during an ionospheric heating experiment

Observations are reported of undocumented enhancements to the backscattered HF radar spectrum detected by the Kodiak SuperDARN radar during an O‐mode heating experiment conducted at the HAARP facility. A total of 27 enhancements were observed, each of which was statistically significant, well correlated with the heater duty cycle, and localized within the heated region above HAARP. Several enhancements are symmetrically spaced around the pump frequency while others occur near electron gyroharmonics. The enhancements are distributed over a frequency range of more than 6.5 MHz and may, we suggest, indicate the presence of Bernstein modes and upper hybrid oscillations stimulated by the HAARP heater.
SELF-ADJOINT EXTENSIONS OF DIRAC OPERATORS WITH COULOMB TYPE SINGULARITY

In this work we construct self-adjoint extensions of the Dirac operator associated to Hermitian matrix potentials with Coulomb decay and prove that the domain is maximal. The result is obtained by means of a Hardy-Dirac type inequality. In particular, we can work with some electromagnetic potentials such that both, the electric potential and the magnetic one, have Coulomb type singularity.
A Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Study of 60 Micron Peakers

We present near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy of a sample of IRAS-selected galaxies with warm far-infrared colors and spectral energy distributions peaking near 60 μm. Of the 21 60 μm peakers classified by optical spectroscopy as Seyfert 2 galaxies, we confirm the existence of dust-obscured broad lines in four (Mkn 3, Mkn 1210, Mkn 463, IRAS 20460). We also propose that two additional 60 μm peakers may have weak broad lines in the NIR (UGC 02024, IRAS 06488), but we require higher quality data for confirmation. All four of the 60 μm peakers with confirmed broad NIR lines are known to have broad lines in polarized light, while the two possible candidates have not been observed with spectropolarimetry so far as we are aware. These would be good candidates for future spectropolarimetric observations on large telescopes. Within our sample of 60 μm peakers, the average ratio of He I/Brγ is larger for the starburst galaxies relative to the Seyferts. This is consistent with an evolutionary scenario for 60 μm peakers, with the starburst class representing an early phase of evolution following an interaction event and the Seyfert class representing a later stage in which the nuclear starburst has faded and has either collapsed to form a central black hole or at least to fuel an existing one. The He I/Brγ ratio for the starburst class of 60 μm peakers is typical of a young starburst with a burst age less than 5 Myr, which is in agreement with their optical spectra. Various near-infrared spectroscopic features ([Fe II]/Paβ, K-band continuum shape, CO absorption, and line widths) are generally consistent with their optical spectroscopic classifications. The exceptions are: IRAS 00160, IRAS 08007A, and IRAS 10567, which are classified as starburst via optical spectroscopy, yet some of their NIR spectral features point toward the existence of a dust-obscured AGN. The stellar absorption CO feature, an indicator of star formation, is detected more strongly in the starburst 60 μm peakers compared to the Seyfert class, presumably because of dilution by hot dust emission from the active nucleus in the Seyfert 60 μm peakers.
Strong field effects on binary systems in Einstein-aether theory

'Einstein-aether' theory is a generally covariant theory of gravity containing a dynamical preferred frame. This article continues an examination of effects on the motion of binary pulsar systems in this theory, by incorporating effects due to strong fields in the vicinity of neutron star pulsars. These effects are included through an effective approach, by treating the compact bodies as point particles with nonstandard, velocity dependent interactions parametrized by dimensionless sensitivities. Effective post-Newtonian equations of motion for the bodies and the radiation damping rate are determined. More work is needed to calculate values of the sensitivities for a given fluid source; therefore, precise constraints on the theory's coupling constants cannot yet be stated. It is shown, however, that strong field effects will be negligible given current observational uncertainties if the dimensionless couplings are less than roughly 0.1 and two conditions that match the PPN parameters to those of pure general relativity are imposed. In this case, weak field results suffice. There then exists a one-parameter family of Einstein-aether theories with 'small-enough' couplings that passes all current observational tests. No conclusion can be reached for larger couplings until the sensitivities for a given source can be calculated.
Feedback Control of Nonlinear Dissipative Systems by Finite Determining Parameters - A Reaction-diffusion Paradigm

We introduce here a simple finite-dimensional feedback control scheme for stabilizing solutions of infinite-dimensional dissipative evolution equations, such as reaction-diffusion systems, the Navier-Stokes equations and the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation. The designed feedback control scheme takes advantage of the fact that such systems possess finite number of determining parameters (degrees of freedom), namely, finite number of determining Fourier modes, determining nodes, and determining interpolants and projections. In particular, the feedback control scheme uses finitely many of such observables and controllers. This observation is of a particular interest since it implies that our approach has far more reaching applications, in particular, in data assimilation. Moreover, we emphasize that our scheme treats all kinds of the determining projections, as well as, the various dissipative equations with one unified approach. However, for the sake of simplicity we demonstrate our approach in this paper to a one-dimensional reaction-diffusion equation paradigm.
Location of Hungarian microbreweries: an exploratory analysis

ABSTRACT Growth in the craft beer sector has been unevenly distributed over time and in terms of geographical area. While the spatial drivers of craft breweries in the United States are well documented, research on the situation in European countries is still limited. This paper investigates the locational determinants of the Hungarian craft brewing industry between 2005 and 2018 at the level of small regions. We employ negative binominal models to determine the relationship between the number of microbreweries and locational factors. We find that demand-side factors, including income, level of education, proportion of youth in a region and population density, positively affect the number of craft breweries. We emphasize that general local economic characteristics may be less important, whilst industry-specific local conditions (e.g., craft brewing traditions and market saturation) significantly impact the location choice of craft breweries. Our estimations highlight the role of transport costs in location decisions. Finally, we demonstrate the relevance of the availability of water, one of most important inputs in beer production.
Partitioning a graph into monochromatic connected subgraphs

We show that every 2 ‐edge‐colored graph on n vertices with minimum degree at least 2 n − 5 3 can be partitioned into two monochromatic connected subgraphs, provided n is sufficiently large. This minimum degree condition is tight and the result proves a conjecture of Bal and DeBiasio. We also make progress on another conjecture of Bal and DeBiasio on covering graphs with large minimum degree with monochromatic components of distinct colors.
Non-Markovian master equations from piecewise dynamics

We construct a large class of completely positive and trace-preserving non-Markovian dynamical maps for an open quantum system. These maps arise from a piecewise dynamics for statistical operators characterized by a continuous time evolution interrupted by jumps, randomly distributed in time and described by a quantum channel. The state of the open system is shown to obey a closed evolution equation, given by a master equation with a memory kernel and an inhomogeneous term. The non-Markovianity of the obtained dynamics is explicitly assessed studying the behavior of the distinguishability of two different initial system's states with elapsing time.
Local Quivers and Stable Representations

Abstract In this paper we introduce and study the local quiver as a tool to investigate the étale local structure of moduli spaces of θ-semistable representations of quivers. As an application we determine the dimension vectors associated to irreducible representations of the torus knot groups G p,q = ⟨a, b ∣ a p = b q ⟩.
On the asymptotic behaviour of nonlocal perimeters

We study a class of integral functionals known as nonlocal perimeters, which, intuitively, express a weighted interaction between a set and its complement. The weight is provided by a positive kernel K, which might be singular. In the first part of the paper, we show that these functionals are indeed perimeters in a generalised sense that has been recently introduced by A. Chambolle et al. [Archiv. Rational Mech. Anal. 218 (2015) 1263–1329]. Also, we establish existence of minimisers for the corresponding Plateau’s problem and, when K is radial and strictly decreasing, we prove that halfspaces are minimisers if we prescribe “flat” boundary conditions. A Γ-convergence result is discussed in the second part of the work. We study the limiting behaviour of the nonlocal perimeters associated with certain rescalings of a given kernel that has faster-than-L1 decay at infinity and we show that the Γ-limit is the classical perimeter, up to a multiplicative constant that we compute explicitly.
Robust phase correlation

Phase-correlation (PC) is a computationally efficient method for two and three dimensional translation estimation. We present a projection operator, which significantly improves the accuracy and robustness of the PC scheme. The operator projects the estimated correlation function into the space of correlation functions resulting from a certain range of translations, while rejecting components which are unrelated to the estimated motion. Thus, the registration accuracy is improved by an order of magnitude, especially in the registration of noisy images and volumes. In addition, this approach is shown to be complementary with other subpixel phase correlation based techniques.
$L^p$-$L^q$ multipliers on locally compact groups

In this paper we discuss the $L^p$-$L^q$ boundedness of both spectral and Fourier multipliers on general locally compact separable unimodular groups $G$ for the range $1<p\leq q<\infty$. We prove a Lizorkin type multiplier theorem for $1<p\leq q<\infty$, and then refine it as a H\"ormander type multiplier theorem for $1<p\leq 2\leq q<\infty$. In the process, we establish versions of Paley and Hausdorff-Young-Paley inequalities on general locally compact separable unimodular groups. As a consequence of the H\"ormander type multiplier theorem we derive a spectral multiplier theorem on general locally compact separable unimodular groups. We then apply it to obtain embedding theorems as well as time-asymptotics for the $L^p$-$L^q$ norms of the heat kernels for general positive unbounded invariant operators on $G$. We illustrate the obtained results for sub-Laplacians on compact Lie groups and on the Heisenberg group. We show that our results imply the known results for $L^p$-$L^q$ multipliers such as H\"ormander's Fourier multiplier theorem on $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ or known results for Fourier multipliers on compact Lie groups. The new approach developed in this paper relies on the analysis in the group von Neumann algebra for the derivation of the desired multiplier theorems.
Deriving Faà di Bruno's formula for the derivative of a composite function via compositions of integers

We give yet another proof for Fa\`{a} di Bruno's formula for higher derivatives of composite functions. Our proof technique relies on reinterpreting the composition of two power series as the generating function for weighted integer compositions, for which a Fa\`{a} di Bruno-like formula is quite naturally established.
Symmetry preserving discretization of ordinary differential equations. Large symmetry groups and higher order equations

Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and ordinary difference systems (OΔSs) invariant under the actions of the Lie groups SL x ( 2 ) , SL y ( 2 ) ? > and SL x ( 2 ) × SL y ( 2 ) ? > of projective transformations of the independent variables x and dependent variables y are constructed. The ODEs are continuous limits of the OΔSs, or conversely, the OΔSs are invariant discretizations of the ODEs. The invariant OΔSs are used to calculate numerical solutions of the invariant ODEs of order up to five. The solutions of the invariant numerical schemes are compared to numerical solutions obtained by standard Runge–Kutta methods and to exact solutions, when available. The invariant method performs at least as well as standard ones and much better in the vicinity of singularities of solutions.
The effects of solid boundaries on confined two-dimensional turbulence

This paper addresses the effects of solid boundaries on the evolution of two-dimensional turbulence in a finite square domain, for the cases of both decaying and continuously forced flow. Laboratory experiments and numerical flow simulations have revealed the crucial role of the solid no-slip walls as sources of vorticity filaments, which may significantly affect the flow evolution in the interior. In addition, the walls generally provide normal and tangential stresses that may exert a net torque on the fluid, which can change the total angular momentum of the contained fluid. For the case of decaying turbulence this is observed in so-called ‘spontaneous spin-up’, i.e. a significant increase of the total angular momentum, corresponding to a large domain-filling circulation cell in the organized ‘final’ state. For the case of moderate forcing this phenomenon may still be observed, although the filamentary vortex structures advected away from the walls may cause erosion and possibly a total destruction of the central cell. This disordered stage – characterized by a significantly decreased total angular momentum – is usually followed by a re-organization into a large circulation cell (in either the same or opposite direction) with an increased total angular momentum. The scaling behaviour of vorticity structure functions and the probability distribution function of vorticity increments have been investigated for forced turbulence and indicate a strong anisotropy of the turbulent flow in the range of Reynolds numbers considered.
Life and death by boundary conditions

Picano et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 764, 2015, pp. 463–487) have conducted fully resolved numerical simulations of many thousands of spherical particles in a turbulent channel flow with $\mathit{Re}=5600$ . Their results give a tantalizing demonstration of the vastness of the vistas that this line of research is about to open.