Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb) solubilize rock phosphate and provide phosphorus to the successive crop, grapevine (Vitis labrusca L. ‘Red Niagara’)

In grape production, cover crops play a key role in soil protection and nutrient cycling. Thus, since grapevine requirements for P are low, adequate management of cover crops may provide sufficient P for growth. This paper evaluates the effect of black oats, as a cover plant, on the P solubilization in rock phosphate and its availability to the vine cultivated in succession. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the plants growth parameters and P uptake in grapevines grown in succession to black oats in pots in a greenhouse experiment. The results showed that the soil sterilization decreased P availability to black oats, but not to grapevine. The soil fertilization with rock phosphate increased the P accumulation in oat and grapevine plants, although no further effect was observed from the use the cover crop. The plant height and dry mass contents were higher for grapevine in soils fertilized with rock phosphate and covered with black oats.
Pharmacologic topoisomerase-I inhibition causes DNA damage and mortality in activated CD4+ T cells

Topoisomerase-I is required for DNA replication. It acts by preventing torsional stress caused by DNA winding during replication fork progression. Topoisomerase-I inhibitors are widely used in many cancer therapies, in light of their anti-proliferative activity. However, their use as chemotherapeutics is associated with significant toxicity due to the off-target effects on healthy cells. We analyzed the dose-time-toxicity profile of a clinically employed topoisomerase-I inhibitor, i.e. topotecan, on primary CD4+T cells. This cell type was chosen to model a typical in-vivo interaction, due to the wide use of topotecan in the treatment of T-cell lymphomas. Our results show that a clinically achievable concentration of topotecan can induce toxic effects in healthy CD4+ T cells as early as 7 hours of the in vitro treatment. Toxicity of the drug was markedly increased by prolonging the post-treatment follow-up, but not by increasing concentrations, suggesting that clinical doses of topotecan can induce cell death and DNA damage in non-cancerous activated CD4+ T lymphocytes.
Factors Influencing Intentions to Use Cardless Automatic Teller Machine (ATM)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the key factors that determine usage intention towards cardless Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) among customers, as a new way to withdraw transactions. Perceived usefulness, perceive ease of use and Amount of information are proposed to have strong influences towards usage intention. Design/Methodology/Approach: The researcher conducted the study based on a quantitative approach and conducted a nonprobability sampling method as part of a convenience sampling method. The questionnaire was developed and distributed through online channels to the target respondents. The data were collected from 400 respondents only Thai bank customers who normally withdrawn cash via Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) but never had experience with cardless ATM service. This study applied Structural Equation Model (SEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to examine the model accuracy and reliability and verify influence of various variables. Findings: The results indicated that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and the amount of information have positive significant influence on usage intention towards Cardless ATM. The results also indicated that perceived ease of use has significant influence on perceive usefulness. Practical Implications: This study has certain boundaries that must be explored to further study including many respondents not having enough information of the service, next whether there is a small number of independent variable to measure in this study and the last is moderation is not present in this study. Originality/Value: This study provides important information for practitioners (i.e. banks), academicians (i.e. lecturers) and bank customers.
Carrier and Liquid Heat Inactivation of Poliovirus and Adenovirus

Viral inactivation is typically studied using virus suspended in liquid (liquid inactivation) or virus deposited on surfaces (carrier inactivation). Carrier inactivation more closely mimics disinfection of virus contaminating a surface, while liquid inactivation mimics virus inactiva- tion in process solutions. The prevailing opinion has been that viruses are more susceptible to heat inactivation when suspended in liquid than when deposited on surfaces. In part, this reflects a paucity of comparative studies performed in a side-by-side manner. In the present study, we investigated the relative susceptibilities of the enteroviruses poliovirus-1 and adenovirus type 5 to heat inactivation in liquid versus carrier studies. The results of our side-by-side studies suggest that these two viruses are more readily inactivated when heat is applied to virus deposited on carriers. Decimal reduction values (i.e., the amount of time required to reduce the virus titer by one log 10 ) measured at 46°C displayed the greatest dif- ference between carrier and liquid inactivation approaches, with values ranging from 14.0 to 15.2 min (carrier) and from 47.4 to 64.1 min (liquid) for poliovirus. The corresponding values for adenovirus 5 were 18.2–29.2 min (carrier) and 20.8–38.3 min (liquid). At 65°C, the decimal reduction values were more similar (from 4 to 6 min) for the various inactivation approaches.
Fast measurement of starch content in cold-treated seedlings by infrared spectra

ABSTRACT Despite the importance of starch for tree growth, methodological challenges in starch analysis slow down the research on its ecological importance. In this study, a rapid monitoring method was developed for measuring starch content in Pinus taeda L. seedlings after cold treatments. A linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze the effects of cold treatments, seedling tissue types and their interaction on starch content. Mid-infrared (MIR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectra were surveyed, and the results were analyzed using partial least squares regression to determine the starch content. The determination coefficient for calibration and residual predictive deviation were compared between MIR and NIR models to assess the variability of the established models. The results showed that the effects of cold treatments, seedling tissue types and their interaction on starch content were significant. Compared to MIR spectra, NIR spectra is more suitable to estimate starch content in the seedlings. Using NIR spectra, roots provided the most accurate estimates of starch content. The presented guidelines regarding data accuracy as a function of MIR/NIR spectra of samples represent an important methodological reference for starch quantification, which will improve the understanding of the fundamental role of starch in seedlings against environmental forces.
Occurrence of moulds, toxicogenic capability of Aspergillus flavus and levels of aflatoxins in maize, wheat, rice and peanut from markets in central delta provinces, Egypt

Microbiology Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 888, Taif 21974, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Minofiya University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt Microbiology Department, Soil, Water and Environment Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt *Corresponding author
Gene action for oil yield contributing characters in backcross population of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

An investigation was carried out to study the measure of symmetry (skewness) in BC2F1 population of a cross involving TNHSF 239-61-2-4-1, an elite restorer line with low oleic content and HO 5-13, a high oleic inbred line. Analysis for third order statistics was done for the traits, viz., plant height, head diameter, volume weight, seed yield, oil content, oil yield and oleic acid content. Skewness and kurtosis estimates were calculated to study the gene action. The traits viz., seed yield and oil yield recorded positive skewness. This indicates the presence of complementary epistatic gene action for these traits and if selection is made intensively in the segregating generations, the gain will be faster and mild selection results in slower gain.
Evolution of Alu Elements in the Saimiri and Papio Lineages of Primates

vii CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND.1 CHAPTER TWO: EVOLUTION OF ALU SUBFAMILY STRUCTURE IN THE SAIMIRI LINEAGE OF NEW WORLD MONKEYS.9 CHAPTER THREE: RECENTLY INTEGRATED ALU INSERTIONS IN THE SQUIRREL MONKEY (SAIMIRI) LINEAGE AND APPLICATION FOR POPULATION ANALYESES.34 CHAPTER FOUR: ANALYSIS OF LINEAGE-SPECIFIC ALU SUBFAMILIES IN THE GENOME OF THE OLIVE BABOON, PAPIO ANUBIS.59 CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSIONS.80 APPENDIX A: SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION.88 APPENDIX B: LETTERS OF REQUEST AND PERMISSION.292 VITA.300
The effects of spirotetramat on the demographic parameters of Neoseiulus californicus (Phytoseiidae)

Abstract Knowledge of the effects of pesticides on biological control agents is mandatory for the successful implementation of IPM programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of spirotetramat on the life table parameters of Neoseiulus californicus, under laboratory conditions [25 ± 2°C, 70 ± 5% RH and 16:8 (L:D) h]. The experiments were carried out based on the leaf-dip technique. The experimental concentrations including 10000, 20000 and 30000 ppm of the spirotetramat were used in this study. The raw data was analyzed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The longevity, total life span, oviposition period, and total fecundity significantly decreased after exposure to concentrations of 20000 and 30000 ppm. The oviposition period was scored 26 days in the control cohort, which reduced to 22.87 days in the 30000 ppm. The total fecundity ranged between 29.45 and 39.46 (offspring/individual). Among the examined concentrations, the lowest values of the gross and net reproductive rates were 21.96 and 17.69 (offspring/individual), observed for the cohort treated with 30000 ppm concentration. Our findings showed the r and λ of N. californicus were not influenced by the different concentrations. The mean generation time (T) for control was the highest; the values for T varied from 18.35 days at control to 16.36 days at 30000 ppm. Therefore, it was concluded that spirotetramat can be introduced as a compatible pesticide alongside the predatory mite, N. californicus, which is an excellent tool that can be incorporated into the integrated pest management of T. urticae.
The Effects of Some Environmental Factors on Birth Weight and Estimation of Heritability and Repeatability for Birth Weight of Akkaraman Sheep in Konya Province

In this research, the effects of dam age and type of birth and sex of lambs on birth weight of Akkaraman lambs was investigated at village conditions in Konya province. Additionally, the heritability and repeatability of birth weight was estimated. The Least-squares means of birth weight was 4.07±0.04 kg. The effects of dam age, year, birth type and sex on birth weight were found statistically significant. The heritability and repeatability of birth weight were found as 0.052±0.04 and 0.130±0.04, respectively.
Craniofacial morphometrics and macro-neurometrics of the fruit bat (Eidolon Helvum)

This study involved the measurement of craniofacial indices and linear neurometrics in the fruit bat, Eidolon helvum, which are found abundantly in Nigeria. The mean head weight was 38.7}2.74g, while the rima oris length, distance between medial canthi, and the height of the philtrum were 48.9}7.59 mm, 14.1}0.49 mm, 8.67}0.48 mm respectively. The brain weight and length of brain were 3.22}0.50 g and 2.79}0.18 cm respectively. The males had consistently higher values for most craniofacial and all neurometric parameters measured, while the female values were higher only in the width of the left external nares (5.08}0.55 mm in the females, and 5.0}0.39 mm in the males). Correlation studies revealed negative correlation between the weight of the animal and the weight of the brain. Data obtained from this study will serve as baseline data for craniofacial anatomy and neuro-anatomy research for the fruit bat, Eidolon helvum, and also in comparative anatomy with other breeds of bats.
Variable Inheritance of Amplified EPSPS Gene Copies in Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)

Abstract Glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) is considered one of the most troublesome weeds in the southern and central United States, but results of previous research to determine the mode of inheritance of this trait have been conflicting and inconclusive. In this study, we examined segregation patterns of EPSPS gene-copy numbers in F1 and F2 generations of A. palmeri and found no evidence of a Mendelian single-gene pattern of inheritance. Transgressive segregation for copy number was exhibited by several F1 and all of the F2 families, most likely the product of EPSPS copy-number variation within each plant. This variation was confirmed by assaying gene-copy number across clonal generations and among individual shoots on the same plant, demonstrating that EPSPS amplification levels vary significantly within a single plant. Increases and decreases in copy number occurred in a controlled, stress-free environment in the absence of glyphosate, indicating that EPSPS gene amplification is a random and variable process within the plant. The ability of A. palmeri to gain or lose EPSPS gene copies is a valuable adaptive trait, allowing this species to respond rapidly to selection pressures and changing environments.
Quantitative Classification of the Morphological Traits of Ray Florets in Large-flowered Chrysanthemum

The large-flowered Chinese chrysanthemum is one of the most morphologically complex ornamental plants, and its identification and classification requires a well-defined and reproducible system. The diversity of the capitulum is determined mainly by multiple shapes of ray florets. However, the existing classification systems for ray floret types are incomplete and unsystematic. In this study, 299 ray florets from 151 large-flowered chrysanthemum varieties in China, as well as 12 related traits of ray florets, were selected for quantitative classification. First, as one of the most important indices of ray floret shape, the corolla tube merged degree (CTMD) was defined as the corolla tube length/ray floret length (CTL/RFL). Combined with a probability grading method and linear regression analysis, the CTMD was divided into three groups, flat, spoon, and tubular, of which the CTL/RFL ranged from 0 to 0.20, 0.20 to 0.60, and 0.60 to 1.00, respectively. Second, Q-mode cluster analysis indicated that each group could be further categorized into three types (straight, curved, and atypical), based on other important variables in the ray floret. Finally, the ray floret was classified into nine types, including flat-straight, flat-curve, flat-atypical, spoon-straight, spoon-curve, spoon-atypical, tubular-straight, tubular-curve, and tubular-atypical. This ray floret classification system will be valuable in the classification of capitulum shape and has significance for the identification, breeding, and international standardization of chrysanthemum cultivars.
Antioxidant Activity of Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) and its Classification with Chemometrics

Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) or Javanese turmeric is one of the medicine plants from Indonesia, which contains curcuminoid and xanthorrhizol. These compounds have large biological activity, such as antioxidant capacity. The location of this plant grows, affects the variance of the active compound which causes the changes in its activity. This study aims to evaluate antioxidant capacity, total phenolic, and total flavonoid content (TPC and TFC) of the sample collected from different markets, and to classify the samples into different culsters with chemometric techniques. The antioxidant capacity is determined by using DPPH radical scavenging assay, meanwhile, TPC and TFC are determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 method using Spectrophotometry UV/Vis. These data were used to analyze the samples with chemometric principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) to classify the samples into different clusters. Sample TL02 (Sambi Market, Kediri, East Java) has the highest phenolic-flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity. Clustering samples based on PCA and CA resulting in 3 clusters.
Germination, growth and morpho-anatomical development of Catasetum macrocarpum (Orchidaceae) in vitro

Abstract Catasetum macrocarpum is an epiphytic orchid that has been subjected to strong environmental pressure in the state of Tocantins. This investigation aimed at studying the germination, growth and morpho-anatomical development of C. macrocarpum under in vitro conditions. The effects of three culture media on the in vitro germination and on the multiplication and growth of 90-day-old seedlings were studied: Murashige & Skoog (full- and half-strength), Knudson C, and Vacin & Went. The effects of different concentrations of benzyladenine (BA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on the multiplication and growth of 120-day-old plants were evaluated. Anatomical studies were conducted on protocorms at different developmental stages. Acclimatization was also carried out. Knudson C was the best medium for seed germination whereas Vacin & Went promoted the greatest protocorm development. Half-strength Murashige & Skoog was the most effective medium for seedling multiplication and growth. The results revealed that 1 mg L-1 BA was the best treatment for shoot proliferation and leaf production. NAA at 0.5 mg L-1 strongly favored root formation. The anatomical study revealed that the early stages of C. macrocarpum development do not always coincide with the morphological phases described. The acclimatization of C. macrocarpum plants provided successful results regarding plant survival.
A Series of PIN/Password Input Methods Resilient to Shoulder Hacking Based on Cognitive Difficulty of Tracing Multiple Key Movements

SUMMARY This paper presents a series of secure PIN / password input methods resilient to shoulder hacking. When a person inputs a PIN or pass-word to a smartphone, tablet, banking terminal, etc., there is a risk of shoulder hacking of the PIN or the password being stolen. To decrease the risk, we propose a method that erases key-top labels, moves them smoothly and simultaneously, and lets the user touch the target key after they stopped. The user only needs to trace a single key, but peepers have to trace the movements of all the keys at the same time. We extend the method by assigning di ﬀ erent colors, shapes, and / or sizes to keys for enhancing distinguishability, which allows all the keys to be moved instantaneously after key-top labels are erased and the user to touch the target key. We also introduce a “move backward / forward” function that allows the user to play back the movements. This series of methods does not have the highest security, but it is easy to use and does not require any changes to the server side. Results of a performance evaluation demonstrate that this method has high resistance to shoulder hacking while providing satisfactory usability without large input errors. key words: PIN code, password, user authentication, shoulder
Predicting soil carbon changes in switchgrass grown on marginal lands under climate change and adaptation strategies

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2020 The Authors. GCB Bioenergy Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd 1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA 2Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, USA
Chromatin Modifiers Alter Recombination Between Divergent DNA Sequences

Recombination between divergent DNA sequences is actively prevented by heteroduplex rejection mechanisms. In baker’s yeast, such antirecombination mechanisms can be initiated by the recognition of DNA mismatches in heteroduplex DNA by MSH proteins, followed by recruitment of the Sgs1-Top3-Rmi1 helicase–topoisomerase complex to unwind the recombination intermediate. We previously showed that the repair/rejection decision during single-strand annealing recombination is temporally regulated by MSH (MutS homolog) protein levels and by factors that excise nonhomologous single-stranded tails. These observations, coupled with recent studies indicating that mismatch repair (MMR) factors interact with components of the histone chaperone machinery, encouraged us to explore roles for epigenetic factors and chromatin conformation in regulating the decision to reject vs. repair recombination between divergent DNA substrates. This work involved the use of an inverted repeat recombination assay thought to measure sister chromatid repair during DNA replication. Our observations are consistent with the histone chaperones CAF-1 and Rtt106, and the histone deacetylase Sir2, acting to suppress heteroduplex rejection and the Rpd3, Hst3, and Hst4 deacetylases acting to promote heteroduplex rejection. These observations, and double-mutant analysis, have led to a model in which nucleosomes located at DNA lesions stabilize recombination intermediates and compete with MMR factors that mediate heteroduplex rejection.
Evaluation of Some Morphological and Flowering Traits in New Six Olive Genotypes Grown under Egypt Conditions

The present investigation was conducted during two growing seasons (2016 and 2017) to evaluate six genotypes of olive trees. The experimental olive trees were propagated by leafy cutting under mist propagation system. The leafy cuttings were already taken from seedy propagated olive trees which have already been planted since 1994 at the farm of Horticulture Research Institute, Giza Governorate, Egypt and were produced from breeding program of Horticulture Research Institute. i.e., Genotype 25 derived from Aggizi cv. open, Genotype 61 derived from ♀ Hamed cv. x Picual cv. ♂, Genotype 97, 91 derived from Manzanillo cv. open, Genotype 66 derived from ♀ Toffahi cv. x Arbiquna cv. ♂ and Genotype 138 derived from ♀ Arbiquna cv. x Hamed cv. ♂. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate some morphological and flowering of the six olive genotypes grown in olive collection farm located at Cairo-Alexandria desert Road (about 64kilometer distance from Cairo). To determine the most promising genotypes for local conditions. Herein, the greatest values of morphological traits were significantly coupled with genotype (91) during both seasons of study. Moreover, genotype (97) ranked statistically second. Moreover, the start of flowering in six olive genotypes occurred during the period from March 13 th to April 3 rd in Original Research Article El-Badawy et al.; AJAHR, 3(1): 1-16, 2019; Article no.AJAHR. 46168 2 the first season and from April 1 st to April 10 th in the second season. Referring to blooming dates and blooming periods results obtained that dates of full bloom were earliest in the first season than that at the second season. Furthermore, olive genotype (138) was statistically the superior and resulted significantly the highest perfect flowers % during both seasons of study.