Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Usage, Utility, and Usability of the Knowledge Wall During the Global 2000 War Game

Abstract : A wall-sized, shared display, or 'Knowledge Wall', was implemented onboard the USS Coronado (AGF 11) and at the Naval War College (NWC) for evaluation during the Global 2000 War Game. The prototype KW was designed to meet 14 user requirements identified in a previous cognitive task analysis of potential KW users. This report presents the results of the evaluation.
An Assessment of U.S. Navy Junior Officer Retention from 1998-2000

Abstract : The purpose of this study was to determine the primary causes of U.S. Navy retention problems with its junior officers from 1998 to 2000. An analysis of data on operational tempo and retention was conducted which revealed no direct correlation between increased optempo and decreased retention. The study focuses on the four sea-going officer communities, Surface Warfare Officers, Aviators, Naval Flight Officers, and Submariners. After the demise of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, the Department of Defense began a downsizing effort across all services. From 1990 to 1997, the Navy's officer corps shrank from 77,000 to 53,000 officers as a result of Department of Defense downsizing mandates At the time, Navy leaders were not concerned with retention because they had to meet their new end strength goals, but in 1997, officer manning dropped to dangerous levels, The Navy realized that it had a serious retention problem; Too many junior officers were getting out, Navy leaders had to do something to stem the exodus, or the Navy would be in serious jeopardy of not being able to man its ships, aircraft, and submarines at the mid-grade officer, department head level. Without these officers to fill the critical sea-going billets, the Navy could find that it may not be able to fulfill its commitments around the world. If increased optempo was not causing the Navy's junior officers to get out, what was behind their decisions to leave? In the course of research, several surveys and interviews were uncovered which revealed a significant number of reasons that officer retention suffered in the Navy. From a comparison of these surveys and interviews, the five most common reasons junior officers stated for leaving the Navy was determined. Further study revealed that the Navy is aware of these reasons and is actively responding to keep positively address them to retain its junior officers.
Cost and Performance Assumptions for Modeling Electricity Generation Technologies

The goal of this project was to compare and contrast utility scale power plant characteristics used in data sets that support energy market models. Characteristics include both technology cost and technology performance projections to the year 2050. Cost parameters include installed capital costs and operation and maintenance (OM other data sets represent model input data. For the technologies contained in each data set, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) was also evaluated, according to published cost, performance, and fuel assumptions.
Surgical site infection prevalence and associated factors in Hawassa University comprehensive specialized hospital, southern Ethiopia.

Background Surgical site infections (SSIs) continue the main problem in health care facilities, causing the prolonged length of stay, considerable morbidity, mortality, and the extra cost to patients after surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of SSIs and explore its associated factors among surgical patients at Hawassa university comprehensive specialized hospital, southern Ethiopia.Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among post-operative patients on a sample of 281 who were admitted and have had surgery from 1 March – 1 April 2019. Purposive sampling technique and the structured questioner were selected to gather data from the patient's medical record, interview, and observation. EPI Info 3.5. 4 was a data entry software and SPSS version 20.0 was selected for analysis. Associations among variables were assessed by binary logistic regression.Result A total of 281 patients have participated and the mean age was 30.3 (±18.9) years. The prevalence of SSIs was (24.6%) (95% CI 19.6 – 29.69). Age less than 15 years AOR = 0.131 (95% CI 0.020, 0.087), having clean surgical wound AOR = 0.006 (95% CI 0.002, 0.024) were significant protective associated factors to SSIs while having open surgical wound AOR =5.189 (95% CI 1.511, 17.821) and malnutrition AOR =29.351 (95% CI 5.711, 150.851) were significant risk associated factors to SSIs.Conclusion The prevalence of SSIs was bigger than the worldwide range between (1.2%) and (5.2%) even higher compared to reports from several developing countries. This needs exceptional attention to reduce the odds of surgical site infection by standardizing patient care and controlling of comorbidities.
PROSPECTUS, THE BEHAVIORAL POWER OF ON-BOARD SAFETY MONITORING FEEDBACK

This paper explores issues relating to the user acceptability and safety effectiveness of on-board driver performance monitoring for commercial drivers. The discussion centers on alertness monitoring which has been the subject of extensive U.S. Department of Transportation-sponsored research. However, many of the same issues and guiding principles may apply to other on-board safety monitoring (OBSM) devices such as speed, headway, and lateral acceleration monitoring. Such technologies may be seen as safety performance feedback systems in addition to their role as collision warning systems. Indeed, feedback-induced behavior change may, to some extent, preempt the collision warning uses of these devices by bringing driver performance within a safety tolerance range where imminent collision situations are largely avoided. A system concept is proposed for the application of "alertometers" (i.e., real-time in- vehicle displays of driver alertness levels) to commercial driver fatigue management. The principal element in this system is the continuous in-vehicle feedback that alertometers can provide to drivers regarding their levels of alertness
Occupational Health and Safety, Courts and Crime: The Legal Construction of Occupational Health and Safety Offences in Victoria

This book reports on an empirically-based study of the manner in which the Magistrates' Courts in Victoria, construct occupational health and safety (OHS) issues when hearing prosecutions for offences under the Victorian OHS legislation. Prosecution has always been a controversial element in the enforcement armoury of OHS regulators, but at the same time it has long been argued that the low level of fines imposed by courts has had an important chilling effect on the OHS inspectorate's enforcement approaches, and on the impact of OHS legislation. Using a range of empirical research methods, including three samples of OHS prosecutions carried out in the Victorian Magistrates' Courts, Professor Johnstone shows how courts, inspectors, prosecutors and defence counsel are involved in filtering or reshaping OHS issues during the prosecution process, both pre-trial and in court. He argues that OHS offences are constructed by focusing on "events", in most cases incidents resulting in injury or death. This "event-focus" ensures that the attention of the parties is drawn to the details of the incident, and away from the broader context of the event. During the court-based sentencing process defence counsel is able to adopt a range of techniques which isolate the incident from its micro and macro contexts, thereby individualising and decontextualising the incident.
Ricardo

Ricardo as you will have read was a very smart man. He developed the first model of trade that affected the discussion of international trade from 1820 to the present day. Crucial predictions of his model are about the circumstances that give rise to the pattern of trade who imports one good and exports another; the pattern of specialization in production; and the sources of wealth or income. Two ideas that have become commonplaces in both professional and popular literature first arise in Ricardo: comparative advantage and absolute advantage. While frequently abused in popular discussion you will learn about them more systematically.
Usability, Acceptability, and Satisfaction of a Wearable Activity Tracker in Older Adults: Observational Study in a Real-Life Context in Northern Portugal

Background The use of activity trackers has significantly increased over the last few years. This technology has the potential to improve the levels of physical activity and health-related behaviors in older adults. However, despite the potential benefits, the rate of adoption remains low among older adults. Therefore, understanding how technology is perceived may potentially offer insight to promote its use. Objective This study aimed to (1) assess acceptability, usability, and user satisfaction with the Xiaomi Mi Band 2 in Portuguese community-dwelling older adults in a real-world context; (2) explore the mediating effect of the usability on the relationship between user characteristics and satisfaction; and (3) examine the moderating effect of user characteristics on the relationship between usability and user satisfaction. Methods Older adults used the Xiaomi Mi Band 2 over 15 days. The user experience was evaluated through the Technology Acceptance Model 3, System Usability Scale, and User Satisfaction Evaluation Questionnaire. An integrated framework for usability and user satisfaction was used to explore user experience. Statistical data analysis included descriptive data analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and mediation and moderation analyses. Results A sample of 110 older adults with an average age of 68.41 years (SD 3.11) completed the user experience questionnaires. Mean user acceptance was very high—perceived ease of use: 6.45 (SD 0.78); perceptions of external control: 6.74 (SD 0.55); computer anxiety: 6.85 (SD 0.47); and behavioral intention: 6.60 (SD 0.97). The usability was excellent with an average score of 92.70 (SD 10.73), and user satisfaction was classified as a good experience 23.30 (SD 2.40). The mediation analysis confirmed the direct positive effect of usability on satisfaction (β=.530; P<.01) and the direct negative effect of depression on usability (β=–.369; P<.01). Lastly, the indirect effect of usability on user satisfaction was higher in individuals with lower Geriatric Depression Scale levels. Conclusions Findings demonstrate that the Xiaomi Mi Band 2 is suitable for older adults. Furthermore, the results confirmed usability as a determinant of satisfaction with the technology and extended the existing knowledge about wearable activity trackers in older adults.
Genistein

A soy-derived isoflavone and phytoestrogen with antineoplastic activity. Genistein binds to and inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase, thereby disrupting signal transduction and inducing cell differentiation. T his agent also inhibits topoisomerase-II, leading to DNA fragmentation and apoptosis, and induces G2/M cell cycle arrest. Genistein exhibits antioxidant, antiangiogenic, and immunosuppressive activities. (NCI04) Qeios · Definition, February 2, 2020
Evacuation: An assessment of planning and research

This research assesses issues and criticisms of evacuation planning for all hazards under an integrated emergency management concept and reviews research that addresses those issues. The work identifies gaps in knowledge about evacuation planning issues and research that can address these gaps. Over 300 documents were reviewed and abstracted, and key findings were summarized. Issues were identified by review of hearings, litigations, critiques, and discussions with planners and experts. Evacuation planning for some hazards has integrated physical risk studies with quantitative evacuation traffic modeling and behavioral research to produce comprehensive planning guidance. The adoption of an integrated or generic emergency management approach has bolstered and will further bolster the expediency of evacuation planning. Over the past ten years, most aspects of evacuation logistics have been defined and researched. There are indications that the local implementation of evacuation procedures has improved. People who could have evacuated to safety continue to die in disasters. Our research identified ten major issues in evacuation planning that cut across hazards. Planning for large-scale evacuations requires improvement. A better understanding of special evacuation planning needs for fast-moving events is needed. Evacuation planning for concurrent hazardous events is lacking. A better understanding of human behavior in evacuationsmore » is desirable. The accuracy of evacuation time estimates should be established. Guidelines on reentry after an evacuation should be improved. Special populations planning requires further investigation. Liability for evacuation decisions should be resolved. Uncertainties and problems in evacuation decision-making need greater attention. Adoption and implementation of integrated evacuation plans should be investigated. 222 refs., 12 figs., 6 tabs. « less
Evaluating the Impacts of Mission Training via Distributed Simulation on Live Exercise Performance: Results from the US/UK "Red Skies" Study

Abstract : Over the past several years, the UK Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL) and the US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) have been involved in research to develop training and assessment methods for use in mission training via distributed simulation. As part of these efforts, we developed competency-based training and rehearsal scenarios and data collection instrumentation for routinely delivering and assessing distributed training events. The most recent collaborative study, named "Red Skies" involved extending our work to include field assessments of the training benefits derived from involvement in a simulation-based distributed mission training event and subsequent live flying at a Coalition Red Flag exercise event at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada in the US. This event was the largest Red Flag event ever hosted, and presented a number challenges for the study and for data collection. This paper presented the methods and results from the distributed simulation preparation, which involved connecting simulators in Bedford UK with those of the Warfighter Readiness Research Division of the AFRL, located in Mesa, Arizona. It also presents results from the subsequent live fly and evaluation in the Coalition Red Flag exercise, which included demonstrating our first and successful attempt to follow coalition pilots from a Distributed Mission Operations (DMO) training event to the Red Flag exercise and to collect data while the live fly event was underway. Outcome data is presented and discussed. We close with a discussion of the implications of our work to date as a way forward for future training events and how the methods and process developed for Red Skies can allow us to quantify and demonstrate training benefits from distributed simulation training for live Operations;
Final report on shipping-cask sabotage source-term investigation

A need existed to estimate the source term resulting from a sabotage attack on a spent nuclear fuel shipping cask. An experimental program sponsored by the US NRC and conducted at Battelle's Columbus Laboratories was designed to meet that need. In the program a precision shaped charge was fired through a subscale model cask loaded with segments of spent PWR fuel rods and the radioactive material released was analyzed. This report describes these experiments and presents their results.
Analysis of Commute Times and Neurobehavioral Performance Capacity in Aviation Cabin Crew

Fatigue-induced impairments in neurobehavioral performance capacity may compromise safety in 24-hr operational environments, and a potential contributing factor of special interest in commercial aviation is the influence of commute times prior to reporting for duty. However, no systematic field data exist regarding actual commute times in commercial aviation or the relationship between commute times and objective neurobehavioral performance capacity. To address these issues, the present study analyzed data from 807 one-way commute episodes and corresponding performances on standardized 5-min Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) sessions by 160 active cabin crew from the 2009-2010 US Civil Aerospace Medical Institute-sponsored Flight Attendant Field Study (Roma et al., 2010). All eligible pre-work commute events were categorized as commutes originating from home at the start of a work trip (“Home,” n=444) or commutes while away on a work trip (“Trip,” n=363). Commute times from home were more widely distributed and positively skewed than commute times during a trip, and a univariate Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) controlling for reserve status, gender, and age confirmed that Home commutes were significantly longer than Trip commutes (mean±SEM: 81±3 vs. 31±3 min, p 120 min; Trip: 90 min) and utilized separate ANCOVAs as above to evaluate the relationships between commute times and mean performances of various PVT metrics. In addition, they assessed the relationship between commute times and mean predicted effectiveness scores rendered by the Sleep, Activity, Fatigue, and Task Effectiveness (SAFTE™) model, which accounted for sleep history and circadian factors based on each participant’s actual sleep/wake/location patterns receding each commute/PVT pairing. Analysis of Home commutes revealed no significant relationships between commute times and PVT reaction times, speed, lapses, false starts, or “effectiveness” (speed as % of individual baseline; F(4,436)s . 20), although a trend in SAFTE predicted effectiveness (F(4,436)=2.36, p=. 052) suggested a potential “recovery” effect of sleep obtained during commutes >120 min. Analysis of Trip commutes revealed no significant relationships between commute times and PVT reaction times, speed, lapses, false starts, effectiveness, or SAFTE predicted effectiveness (F(3,356)s . 30). The apparent lack of effects on neurobehavioral performance capacity at the start of and during trips reveals the limited value of commute times per se as a significant predictor of fitness for duty.
Denoising applied to spectroscopies – Part II: Decreasing computation time

Abstract Spectroscopies are of fundamental importance but can suffer from low sensitivity. Singular value decomposition (SVD) is a highly interesting mathematical tool, which can be conjugated with low-rank approximation to denoise spectra and increase sensitivity. SVD is also involved in data mining with principal component analysis (PCA). In this paper, we focused on the optimization of SVD duration, which is a time-consuming computation. Both Intel processors (CPU) and Nvidia graphic cards (GPU) were benchmarked. A 100 times gain was achieved when combining divide and conquer algorithm, Intel Math Kernel Library (MKL), SSE3 (Streaming SIMD Extensions) hardware instructions and single precision. In such a case, the CPU can outperform the GPU driven by CUDA technology. These results give a strong background to optimize SVD computation at the user scale. Graphical Abstract
Intergenerational class mobility in industrial and post-industrial societies: Towards a general theory

A large body of often rather complex findings on intergenerational social mobility has by now come into existence but theoretical development has not kept pace. In this paper, focusing specifically on class mobility in European nations and the US, we aim, first of all, to identify the main empirical regularities that have emerged from research, making the now standard distinction between absolute and relative mobility. Next, we review previous theories of mobility, leading up to what we label as the liberal theory, and we note the difficulties now evident with the latter, associated with its functionalist basis. We then set out our own theory of intergenerational class mobility, grounded in the subjectively rational courses of action followed by the various actors involved. We seek to show how the empirical regularities described can in this way be accounted for, while pointing to additional evidence that supports the theory but also to ways in which it is open to further empirical test. Finally, we consider some more general implications of the theory and, on this basis, venture a number of – conditional – predictions on the future of class mobility in more advanced societies.
Jewish Mother Goes to Work: Trends in the Labor Force Participation of Women in Israel, 1955-1980

The labor force participation of Jewish women in Israel increased between 1955 and 1980, accelerating in the 1970s. Schooling accounts for most of the change. The sharpest rise is among mothers ages 25-44. Thus differentials in participation by marital status have been sharply narrowed and the life cycle in participation has been transformed, the M-shaped curve being replaced by an inverted U with delayed labor force entry due to prolonged schooling and more continuous participation throughout the childbearing period. The reduced incompatibility between child rearing and market work is associated with part-time work and increased reliance on day-care services. The increased employment of women is concentrated in the service industries, mostly public, and is accompanied by some decline in the relative wage of highly educated women. Successive cross-section estimates corroborate this picture in general but do not support the notion that over time preschool children interfere less in women's labor supply.
The Level Crossing Conundrum

Level crossings have long been a safety problem for both rail and road users. This article discusses some ways that level crossings can be made safer. The major problem at level crossings is that motorists expect trains to be able to stop quickly and take risks. Eliminating level crossings and replacing them with bridges or subways has been proposed, but would be cost-prohibitive as a short-term solution. Obstacle detection systems offer a more affordable potential solution. Obstacle detection involves identifying the presence of a vehicle or person on the crossing as the train approaches and communicating this to the train driver in time for him or her to stop before reaching it. Ideally, such a system would improve safety for all users. The main problem is the short time before the train arrives – which is when vehicle violations take place – and the even shorter time then available in which to bring the approaching train to a halt. Critics have raised serious doubts as to whether obstacle detection systems would have more than a marginal effect in reducing fatalities. However, others believe that obstacle detection may well have a useful application, perhaps in conjunction with other technologies or other forms of crossings. However, improving level crossing safety remains a complex problem without a clear solution.
System efficiency of a microwave power tube with a multistage depressed collector

The efficiencies of a microwave power tube with a multistage depressed collector and of the power supply driving the tube are computed. An analytical expression for the collector efficiency, which includes the effect of secondary emission and the radial component of velocity, is derived for a hypothetical current probability distribution function. In addition, collector efficiency is calculated with the aid of a digital computer for a specific current distribution. The efficiency of the power supply required to operate the tube in a space environment is estimated by using a simple parallel inverter system.