Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge assessment of snake antivenom among healthcare practitioners involving educational intervention in northern Nigeria: a study protocol

Introduction Snakebite envenoming (SBE) is an important occupational and public health hazard especially in sub-Saharan Africa. For optimum management of SBE, adequate knowledge of Snake antivenom (SAV) is very critical among the healthcare practioners in this region. Information related to the knowledge of SAV use in the management of SBE, as well as SAV logistics is scarce among the Health Care Professionals (HCPs) in Nigeria, particularly in the northern region. We therefore aimed to develop, validate and utilize a tool to assess the SAV knowlegde among HCPs in northern Nigeria. We also sought to implement and evaluate an intervention that could improve the SAV knowledge among the HCPs. Methods The proposed study will be conducted in three phases: Phase I will involve the development of the item-pool to be included in the tool, followed by a face, content validity and construct validity. The tool reliability, readability and difficulty index will be determined. Phase II will involve the utilization of the tool to assess baseline SAV knowledge among the HCPs followed by an educational intervention. Multiple Linear Regression analysis will be used to determine the factors associated with SAV knowledge among the HCPs. Lastly, Phase III which will be a repeat of Phase II to assess and evaluate the knowledge after the intervention. Discussion The study design and findings may guide future implementation and streamline the intervention of improving SAV knowledge in HCPs training and practice. Lay Summary Knowledge assessment and educational intervention of snake antivenom among healthcare practitioners in northern Nigeria: a study protocol Snakebite envenoming (SBE) is an important occupational and public health hazard especially in sub-Saharan Africa. For optimum management of SBE, adequate knowledge of snake antivenom (SAV) is very critical among the healthcare practitioners. The baseline knowledge SAV dosage, mode of administration, availability, and logistics is very relevant among healthcare professionals, particularly those that are directly involved in its logistics. It is paramount that SAV is handled and used appropriately. The efforts and advocacy for the availability for more SAV will be in vain if not handled appropriately before they are used. This study protocol aims to develop a tool, to assess SAV knowledge and effects of educational interventions among healthcare professionals (HCPs) in northern Nigeria. This protocol suggests conducting studies in three phases: (a) Development and validation of SAV knowledge assessment tool, (b) Baseline assessment of SAV knowledge assessment tool among HCPs, and (c) Development, implementation and evaluation of an educational intervention to improve SAV knowledge among HCPs in northern Nigeria.
Glycaemic Response of Traditional Breakfast Foods in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Traditional Sri Lankan breakfast foods such as rotti, pittu, thosai, hopper and wandu made using 100% rice flour (RF) or 25% soy flour and 75% rice flour mixture (SFRF), alone or mixed with a mixed vegetable curry were tested for their available carbohydrate content (ACH) and Glycaemic index (GI). The mixed vegetable curry was prepared with Solanum melongena (eggplant), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), Cucurbita maxima (pumpkin) and Ipomoea aquatica (kankun/water spinach). Rotti, pittu, thosai, hopper and wandu were analyzed for their ACH content by Megazyme assay kit. A total of 12, type 2 diabetic subjects participated in the GI study. The ACH of rotti, pittu, thosai, hopper and wandu made with RF were 45.2, 45.3, 41.8, 43.7 and 40.2 g/100g respectively without the curry, and 33.7, 35.0, 31.3, 32.9 and 28.2 g/100g with the vegetable mixed curry. The ACH of rotti, pittu, thosai, hopper and wandu made with SFRF were 28.5, 28.0, 25.5, 29.0 and 23.0 g/100g respectively without the curry, and 22.5, 25.9, 21.8, 24.0 and 20.4 g/100g with the vegetable mixed curry. Addition of vegetable mixed curry showed significant reduction (p<0.05) in ACH content of all test meals. GI of rotti, pittu, thosai, hopper and wandu made with SFRF were 54.4, 51.4, 50.1, 49.3 and 45.1 respectively and hence could be considered as low GI foods. The present study showed that substitution of rice flour with 25% soy flour in a mixed meal reduced the post prandial blood glucose response in diabetics. Consumption of rotti, pittu, thosai, hopper and wandu made with SFRF and mixed vegetable curry together might be beneficial in the dietary management of type 2 diabetes.
The Pigtail Sign: A New Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Finding After Inverted ILM Flap Surgery for Idiopathic Macular Hole

Purpose To report a new spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) finding called the pigtail sign. It was found during follow-up of idiopathic macular hole cases after inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap surgery. Methods This is a retrospective case series of 12 eyes (12 patients) who underwent inverted ILM flap technique for idiopathic macular hole closure. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography images were analyzed for the presence of this new finding. Results A new spectral domain OCT finding of a curved coiled line hanging above the surface of the retinal layers was seen in all patients. The mean preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) logMAR value was 1.25 ± 0.11. At the 6-month follow-up visit, the mean LogMAR BCVA was 0.35 ± 0.18. All the cases showed macular hole closure after surgery. Conclusion This new spectral domain OCT sign can be seen in some OCT scans during follow-up of idiopathic macular hole cases after inverted ILM flap surgery.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of lifestyle modification recommended for hypertension management and the associated factors among adult hypertensive patients in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia

Introduction: Hypertension is an overwhelming global challenge. Appropriate lifestyle modifications are the cornerstone for the prevention and control of hypertension. In this regard, lack of knowledge and poor attitude toward lifestyle modification have been a major setback. Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude and practice of lifestyle modification recommended for hypertension management and the associated factors among adult hypertensive patients in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 274 hypertensive patients in Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, from 1 March to 30 May 2019. The pre-tested structured questionnaire was used, and the data were collected through an interview. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. A multivariate logistic regression model was fitted to determine independent predictors of knowledge and practice of lifestyle modifications among hypertensive patients. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at 95% confidence interval (CI) was used for predicting the independent effect of each variable on the outcome variables. Results: From the total participants, 200 (73.0%) of participants had good knowledge, 182 (66.4%) had favorable attitude and 136 (49.6%) had good practice on lifestyle modification recommended for hypertension management. Regarding factors associated with lifestyle modification, being in age range of 46–64 years (AOR: 4.08, 95% CI: 1.14–14.56); having formal education (AOR: 3.93, 95% CI: 1.27–12.23); being government employee (AOR: 8.06, 95% CI: 1.40–46.32) and being housewives (AOR: 5.10, 95% CI: 1.26–20.79) were factors significantly associated with good knowledge of lifestyle modification, However, favorable attitude was found to be the only factor associated with good practice of lifestyle modification (AOR: 9.20, 95% CI: 2.60–32.24). Conclusion: In the current study, knowledge and attitude toward lifestyle modification recommended for hypertension management was fairly good but practice level was poor. Concerted strategies are required to increase the knowledge, attitude and practice of the lifestyle modification measures in this population group.
Cardioprotection for Acute MI in Light of the CONDI2/ERIC-PPCI Trial: New Targets Needed

Protection against ischaemia–reperfusion injury after revascularisation in acute myocardial infarction remains an enigma. Many targets have been identified, but after the failure of the recent Effect of Remote Ischaemic Conditioning on Clinical Outcomes in ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (CONDI2/ERIC-PPCI) trial to show translation to clinical benefit, there is still no pharmacological or mechanical strategy that has translated to clinical practice. This article addresses the results of the CONDI2/ERIC-PPCI trial in the context of previous studies of ischaemic conditioning, and then considers the prospects for other potential targets of cardioprotection. Finally, the authors examine the pitfalls and challenges in trial design for future investigation of cardioprotective strategies. In particular, this article highlights the need for careful endpoint and patient selection, as well as the need to pay attention to the biology of cardioprotection during the study.
Discontinuation of Reversible Long-Acting Contraceptive and Associated Factors among Female Users in Health Facilities of Hawassa City, Southern Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study

Background Despite improvement in the availability and use of reversible long-acting contraception, discontinuation is becoming a public health concern. A significant proportion of women discontinuing the service before its due date, which is of concern in the health system with regard to its consequences, may lead to a program failure. In addition, there is a paucity of information on discontinuation of reversible long-acting contraceptives and associated factors in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess discontinuation of reversible long-acting contraceptives and associated factors among female users in health facilities of Hawassa city, southern Ethiopia, 2019. Methods Institution-based cross-sectional design was used. Systematic sampling was used to select study participants. Women who were users of long-acting contraceptives and had come to selected health facilities for method-related reasons were included in the study. Data collectors approached and recruited participants before they contacted their care providers. Data were collected from study subjects using a pretested, structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews after participants had contacted care providers. Results are presented using the crude and adjusted ORs with corresponding 95% CIs. Results The overall proportion of reversible long-acting contraceptive discontinuation was 56.6% (95% CI 52.30%, 61.10%). Maternal education at primary level (AOR 2.33, 95% CI 1.15–4.74), lack of counseling (AOR 2.50, 95% CI 1.01–6.18), side effects (AOR 2.10, 95% CI 1.31–3.34), and desire to be pregnant (AOR 2.22; 95CI 1.50–3.30) were the major factors in discontinuation. Conclusion In this study, the overall proportion of discontinuation of reversible long-acting contraceptives was high. Maternal education at primary level, lack of counseling, side effects, and desire to be pregnant were the key factors associated with discontinuation of the contraceptives. Health professionals should provide counseling on the side effects before insertion.
Spotlight on Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: A Systematic Review of Research on Women

Purpose of Review World Health Organization recently included compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) to the upcoming 11th edition of International Classification of Diseases (6C72). Despite the potential benefits of this decision (eg, the acceleration of research in the field will allow the development of effective treatments), previous research focused mainly on men, and as a result, we do not have an accurate clinical picture of compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) among women. Therefore, in this systematic review, we aim to present available knowledge on this topical subject. Literature search was conducted in the guideline of PRISMA methodology. Studies were identified from multiple databases including Academic Search Ultimate, SocINDEX, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, PubMed, and MEDLINE. Out of a total of 10,531 articles identified and screened, 58 were included in this review. Included studies covered the following topics: prevalence and etiology of CSB, behavioral and cognitive processes involved, comorbidities, personality traits, psychosocial and interpersonal difficulties, traumatic experiences, and treatments. Recent Findings Available studies indicate that CSB symptom severity is lower in women than in men. Overall, women reported consuming pornography less often than men and exhibit lower rates of feeling urges to these materials. CSB symptoms (including problematic pornography use) have been found to be positively related to trait psychopathy, impulsivity, sensation seeking, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, obsessive-compulsive disorder, pathological buying, sexual dysfunctions, general psychopathology, child sexual abuse, while negatively related to dispositional mindfulness. Summary Conclusions that can be drawn from prior studies are considerably limited. There are no accurate estimates of the CSB prevalence or severity among women, and studies have been mostly conducted on non-clinical populations, which has limited application for women diagnosed with CSBD.
Young adolescents’ interest in a mental health casual video game

Background Mental distress and disorders among adolescents are well documented. Despite the array of treatments available, many mental health issues remain untreated and often undiagnosed. In an attempt to narrow the treatment gap, researchers have adapted existing mental health interventions into digital formats. Despite their efficacy in trial settings, however, real-world uptake of digital mental health interventions is typically low. Casual video games (CVGs) are popular among adolescents and may be a promising tool to reduce stress, anxiety and depression. Aim We set out to explore young adolescents’ views of CVGs and their opinions of mental health CVG prototypes, to help determine whether this idea warrants further investigation. Methods Pen and paper feedback forms following a brief presentation to 13–15-year-old adolescents in seven high schools (n = 207) followed by more detailed focus groups (n = 42) and workshops (n = 21) with interested students. Findings Across all three methods, participants reported playing CVGs several times a week or day to help relieve stress, feel more relaxed and relieve boredom. Most were also interested in the idea of a mental health CVG. Participants in focus groups and workshops confirmed that playing CVGs was common among themselves and their peers, and that the idea of a CVG with subtle and brief mental health content such as game-linked ‘micro messages’ was appealing. Participants recommended that the game should have an engaging interface and subtle mental health skills and information. Conclusions Findings from this exploratory study suggest that the concept of a mental health CVG appears to be appealing to adolescents. This novel approach should be tested.
Increased prevalence of hypertension among people living with HIV: where to begin?

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases (CDVs) have become increasingly important for progressively older people living with HIV (PLHIV). Identification of gaps requiring improvement in the care cascade for hypertension, a primary risk factor for CVDs, is of utmost importance. This study analyzed the prevalence of hypertensive status and described the care cascade for hypertension screening, diagnosis, treatment, treatment adherence, and management in PLHIV. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 298 PLHIV (age >40 years) who visited a referral center in the western Brazilian Amazon. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire interview and medical examinations. Thus, information regarding sociodemographic and clinical aspects, blood pressure, weight, height, body mass index, and laboratory profile was obtained. Descriptive and analytical statistics were performed, and results were considered significant ifp <0.05. RESULTS: In total, 132 (44.3%) participants reported that their blood pressure was never measured. The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 35.9% (107/298). Of these 107 participants, only 36 (33.6%) had prior knowledge of their hypertensive status, and 19 of 36 (52.7%) participants had visited a physician or cardiologist to seek treatment. Adherence to the BP-lowering treatment was noted in 11 (10.2%) participants. CONCLUSIONS: An increased prevalence of hypertension was found, and most of the hypertensive participants were unaware of their hypertensive status. In addition, blood pressure control was poor in the study population. This indicated that public health professionals did not sufficiently consider the full spectrum of healthcare and disease management for PLHIV.
Mucosa-Associated Microbiota in Barrett's Esophagus, Dysplasia, and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Differ Similarly Compared With Healthy Controls

INTRODUCTION: Alterations in the composition of the human gut microbiome and its metabolites have been linked to gut epithelial neoplasia. We hypothesized that differences in mucosa-adherent Barrett's microbiota could link to risk factors, providing risk of progression to neoplasia. Methods: Paired biopsies from both diseased and nonaffected esophagus (as well as gastric cardia and gastric juice for comparison) from patients with intestinal metaplasia (n = 10), low grade dysplasia (n = 10), high grade dysplasia (n = 10), esophageal adenocarcinoma (n = 12), and controls (n = 10) were processed for mucosa-associated bacteria and analyzed by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid V4 gene DNA sequencing. Taxa composition was tested using a generalized linear model based on the negative binomial distribution and the log link functions of the R Bioconductor package edgeR. Results: The microbe composition of paired samples (disease vs nondisease) comparing normal esophagus with intestinal metaplasia, low grade dysplasia, high grade dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma showed significant decreases in the phylum Planctomycetes and the archaean phylum Crenarchaeota (P < 0.05, false discovery rate corrected) in diseased tissue compared with healthy controls and intrasample controls (gastric juice and unaffected mucosa). Genera Siphonobacter, Balneola, Nitrosopumilus, and Planctomyces were significantly decreased (P < 0.05, false discovery rate corrected), representing <10% of the entire genus community. These changes were unaffected by age, tobacco use, or sex for Crenarcha. DISCUSSSION: There are similar significant changes in bacterial genera in Barrett's esophageal mucosa, dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma compared with controls and intrapatient unaffected esophagus. Further work will establish the biologic plausibility of these specific microbes' contributions to protection from or induction of esophageal epithelial dysplasia.
Geriatric Interdisciplinary Home Rehabilitation After Hip Fracture in People with Dementia – A Subgroup Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Purpose To investigate if the effects of geriatric interdisciplinary home rehabilitation after hip fracture were different among people with dementia compared to those without dementia and to describe the overall outcome after hip fracture in people with dementia. Patients and Methods A post hoc subgroup analysis of a randomized controlled trial was conducted including 205 people with hip fracture, aged ≥70, living in ordinary housing or residential care facilities. Early discharge followed by individually designed interdisciplinary home rehabilitation for a maximum of 10 weeks was compared to in-hospital geriatric care according to a multifactorial rehabilitation program. Outcomes were hospital length of stay (LOS), readmissions, falls, mortality, performance in activities of daily living (ADL), and walking ability. Results Interdisciplinary home rehabilitation vs in-hospital care had comparable effects on falls and mortality between discharge and 12 months and on ADL and walking ability at 3 and 12 months regardless of whether the participants had dementia or not (P≥0.05 for all). Among participants with dementia, postoperative LOS was a median of 18 days (interquartile range [IQR] 14–30) in the home rehabilitation group vs 23 days (IQR 15–30) in the control group (P=0.254) with comparable numbers of readmissions after discharge. Dementia was associated with increased risk of falling (odds ratio [OR] 3.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.05–7.27; P<0.001) and increased mortality (OR 4.20; 95% CI 1.79–9.92, P=0.001) between discharge and 12 months and with greater dependence in ADL and walking at 3 and 12 months compared to participants without dementia (P<0.001 for all). Conclusion The effects of geriatric interdisciplinary home rehabilitation vs in-hospital geriatric care did not differ in participants with and without dementia. However, the statistical power of this subgroup analysis was likely insufficient to detect differences between the groups. Dementia was associated with a substantial negative impact on the outcomes following the hip fracture. Our findings support offering interdisciplinary home rehabilitation after hip fracture to people with dementia.
Relative Efficiency of Some Phosphatic Fertilizers on Crop Yield and Phosphorus Availability in Calcareous Soil

Direct and residual effect of different phosphorus carriers in highly calcareous soil (32% CaCO3) indicated that all water soluble fertilizers were equally efficient and superior to nitrophosphate. The maximum yield response to applied P was recorded at a level of 60 kg Pa05/ha. A considerable amount of available P built up in the soil persisted adequately even after the harvest of second crop.
Efficient Lone-Pair-Driven Luminescence: Structure–Property Relationships in Emissive 5s2 Metal Halides

Low-dimensional metal halides have been the focus of intense investigations in recent years following the success of hybrid lead halide perovskites as optoelectronic materials. In particular, the light emission of low-dimensional halides based on the 5s2 cations Sn2+ and Sb3+ has found utility in a variety of applications complementary to those of the three-dimensional halide perovskites because of its unusual properties such as broadband character and highly temperature-dependent lifetime. These properties derive from the exceptional chemistry of the 5s2 lone pair, but the terminology and explanations given for such emission vary widely, hampering efforts to build a cohesive understanding of these materials that would lead to the development of efficient optoelectronic devices. In this Perspective, we provide a structural overview of these materials with a focus on the dynamics driven by the stereoactivity of the 5s2 lone pair to identify the structural features that enable strong emission. We unite the different theoretical models that have been able to explain the success of these bright 5s2 emission centers into a cohesive framework, which is then applied to the array of compounds recently developed by our group and other researchers, demonstrating its utility and generating a holistic picture of the field from the point of view of a materials chemist. We highlight those state-of-the-art materials and applications that demonstrate the unique capabilities of these versatile emissive centers and identify promising future directions in the field of low-dimensional 5s2 metal halides.