Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The kinetic isotope effect in the reaction of H2 with OH

Atmospheric hydrogen, H2, is removed to a large extent by reaction with OH. That reaction is expected to show a large kinetic isotope effect, enriching the deuterated hydrogen molecule, HD, in the atmospheric H2. We measured the kinetic fractionation factor using a static system with a UV-irradiated mixture of O3, H2O and O2 to produce OH, H2 with a natural D content, and standard isotope mass spectrometry to measure the D/H ratio in the hydrogen. At room temperature the fractionation factor was found to be α = 1.65 ± 0.05 (±1σ), where a is the ratio between the rate constants of the H2 and HD reactions with OH. A calculation based on BEBOVIB-IV gave exactly the same result and was extended to include the corresponding kinetic fractionation factors of other isotopic H2 molecules and their temperature dependence. The possible applications of the obtained fractionation factors to the tropospheric HD and HT balance and the resulting information for the H2 cycle are briefly illustrated.
The Impact of Air–Sea Interactions on the Simulation of Tropical Intraseasonal Variability

Abstract The impact of coupled air–sea feedbacks on the simulation of tropical intraseasonal variability is investigated in this study using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System. The simulation of tropical intraseasonal variability in a freely coupled simulation is compared with two simulations of the atmospheric component of the model. In one experiment, the uncoupled model is forced with the daily sea surface temperature (SST) from the coupled run. In the other, the uncoupled model is forced with climatological SST from the coupled run. Results indicate that the overall intraseasonal variability of precipitation is reduced in the coupled simulation compared to the uncoupled simulation forced by daily SST. Additionally, air–sea coupling is responsible for differences in the simulation of the tropical intraseasonal oscillation between the coupled and uncoupled models, specifically in terms of organization and propagation in the western Pacific. The differences between .
LINC01140 Hinders the Development of Breast Cancer Through Targeting miR-200b-3p to Downregulate DMD

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are frequently reported to be involved in breast cancer (BC) oncogenicity. The goal of this study was to probe lncRNA LINC01140’s role and action mechanism in BC. Relative LINC01140, miR-200b-3p, and dystrophin (DMD) levels were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). DMD protein levels in BC cells were quantified using Western blotting, and the targeting relationships were validated by luciferase reporter assays and RNA immunoprecipitation experiments. The proliferative potential of the cells was evaluated using CCK-8 and colony formation tests, while the migratory and invasive abilities of the cells were assessed using scratch and transwell assays. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Nude mouse models have been established to allow the examination of tumor growth in vivo. Pronounced downregulation of LINC01140 and DMD, as well as upregulation of miR-200b-3p, was observed in BC. LINC01140 binds directly to miR-200b-3p to downregulate DMD expression. Ectopic LINC01140 expression not only limited tumor growth in vivo but also diminished the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of BC cells in vitro, however, it induced apoptosis in BC cells. Elevated miR-200b-3p expression stimulated the tumorigenic potential of BC cells and attenuated the suppressive effect of LINC01140 or DMD overexpression on BC cell malignancy, whereas DMD overexpression restricted the tumorigenic potential of BC cells. Overall, LINC01140 prevents BC development via the miR-200b-3p–DMD axis. These findings support the latent potential and usefulness of the LINC01140-miR-200b-3p–DMD network as a target for BC therapy.
The water content and parental magma of the second chassignite NWA 2737: Clues from trapped melt inclusions in olivine

NWA 2737, the second known chassignite, mainly consists of cumulate olivine crystals of homogeneous composition (Fo = 78.7 ± 0.9). These brown colored olivine grains exhibit two sets of perpendicular planar defects due to shock. Two forms of trapped liquids, interstitial melts and magmatic inclusions, have been examined. Mineral assemblages within the olivine‐hosted magmatic inclusions include low‐Ca pyroxene, augite, kaersutite, fluorapatite, biotite, chromite, sulfide, and feldspathic glass. The reconstructed parental magma composition (A#) of the NWA 2737 is basaltic and resembles both the experimentally constrained parental melt composition of chassiginites and the Gusev basalt Humphrey, albeit with lower Al contents. A# also broadly resembles the average of shergottite parent magmas or LAR 06319. However, we suggest that the mantle source for the chassignite parental magmas was distinct from that of the shergottite meteorites, particularly in CaO/Al2O3 ratio. In addition, based on the analysis of the volatile contents of kaersutite, we derived a water content of 0.48–0.67 wt% for the parental melt. Finally, our MELTS calculations suggest that moderate pressure (approximately 6.8 kb) came closest to reproducing the crystallized melt‐inclusion assemblages.
High-resolution Quantification of Turbulent Mixing in the North Indian Ocean During the Monsoons

Abstract : The overarching goals are to investigate the roles of vertical and lateral turbulent mixing processes in setting the spatial and temporal variability of temperature and salinity observed in the upper ocean surface of the Bay of Bengal. Understanding such processes will help improve the parametrization of momentum and heat fluxes across the air-sea interface in coupled circulation models as well as enhance the current capabilities of monsoon predictions.
Time‐domain heart rate variability features for automatic congestive heart failure prediction

Abstract Aims Heart failure is a serious condition that often goes undiagnosed in primary care due to the lack of reliable diagnostic tools and the similarity of its symptoms with other diseases. Non‐invasive monitoring of heart rate variability (HRV), which reflects the activity of the autonomic nervous system, could offer a novel and accurate way to detect and manage heart failure patients. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of using machine learning techniques on HRV data as a non‐invasive biomarker to classify healthy adults and those with heart failure. Methods and results We used digitized electrocardiogram recordings from 54 adults with normal sinus rhythm and 44 adults categorized into New York Heart Association classes 1, 2, and 3, suffering from congestive heart failure. All recordings were sourced from the PhysioNet database. Following data pre‐processing, we performed time‐domain HRV analysis on all individual recordings, including root mean square of the successive difference in adjacent RR interval (RRi) (RMSSD), the standard deviation of RRi (SDNN, the NN stands for natural or sinus intervals), the standard deviation of the successive differences between successive RRi (SDSD), the number or percentage of RRi longer than 50 ms (NN50 and pNN50), and the average value of RRi [mean RR interval (mRRi)]. In our experimental classification performance evaluation, on the computed HRV parameters, we optimized hyperparameters and performed five‐fold cross‐validation using four machine learning classification algorithms: support vector machine, k‐nearest neighbour (KNN), naïve Bayes, and decision tree (DT). We evaluated the prediction accuracy of these models using performance criteria, namely, precision, recall, specificity, F1 score, and overall accuracy. For added insight, we also presented receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots and area under the ROC curve (AUC) values. The overall best performance accuracy of 77% was achieved when KNN and DT were trained on computed HRV parameters with a 5 min time window. KNN obtained an AUC of 0.77, while DT attained 0.78. Additionally, in the classification of severe congestive heart failure, KNN and DT had the best accuracy of 91%, with KNN achieving an AUC of 0.88 and DT obtaining 0.92. Conclusions The results show that HRV can accurately predict severe congestive heart failure. The findings of this study could inform the use of machine learning approaches on non‐invasive HRV, to screen congestive heart failure individuals in primary care.
Tropical cyclone winds and precipitation stimulate cone production in the masting species longleaf pine (Pinus palustris).

Many trees exhibit masting - where reproduction is temporally variable and synchronous over large areas. Several dominant masting species occur in tropical cyclone (TC)-prone regions, but it is unknown whether TCs correlate with mast seeding. We analyzed long-term data (1958-2022) to test the hypothesis that TCs influence cone production in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris). We integrate field observations, weather data, satellite imagery, and hurricane models to test whether TCs influence cone production via: increased precipitation; canopy density reduction; and/or mechanical stress from wind. Cone production was 31% higher 1 yr after hurricanes and 71% higher after 2 yr, before returning to baseline levels. Cyclone-associated precipitation was correlated with increased cone production in wet years and cone production increased after low-intensity winds (≤ 25 m s-1 ) but not with high-intensity winds (> 25 m s-1 ). Tropical cyclones may stimulate cone production via precipitation addition, but high-intensity winds may offset any gains. Our study is the first to support the direct influence of TCs on reproduction, suggesting a previously unknown environmental correlate of masting, which may occur in hurricane-prone forests world-wide.
Modern Deep-Water Coral Mounds North of Little Bahama Bank: Criteria for Recognition of Deep-Water Coral Bioherms in the Rock Record

ABSTRACT Deep-water, ahermatypic coral mounds are present at water depths of 1,000-1,300 m on the lower slope north of Little Bahama Bank. The mounds are patchily distributed over a minimum area of 2,500 km2 and typically display 5-40 m of relief above the surrounding sea bottom. A diverse benthic community exists on these apparently unlithified mounds, including l 1 genera and 16 species of ahermatypic coral (Bathypsammia, Caryophyllia, Deltocyathus, Desmophyllum, Enallopsammia, Javania, Madrepora, Polymyces, Solenosmilia, Stephanocyathus, and a previously undescribed genus), alcyonaceans, gorgonians, antipatharians, hydroids, ophiuroids, crinoids, barnacles, galatheid crabs, polychaetes, gastropods, bivalves, and sponges. Conspicuously absent from the coral fauna are Lop elia and Dendrophyllia, common deep-water corals in other parts of the Atlantic. Radiocarbon dates on fresh coral and gorgonian fragments of 940 ± 40 and 860 ± 50 years indicate the mounds are at least in part Recent and are probably actively forming today. Bored and stained corals date at around 22 10314C years B. P., which establishes a minimum age for these mounds. We speculate that the mounds develop on sea-floor perturbations in areas where strong bottom currents provide needed oxygen and nutrients to the fauna. The mounds may have undergone multi-stage evolution from colony to thicket to coppice to bank. This evolution may be accomplished through the in situ contribution of skeletal material along with the baffling and trapping of fine-grained carbonate sediment winnowed from adjacent areas by bottom currents. If found in the rock record, the coral mounds north of Little Bahama Bank would probably be considered bioherms. Geologists should thus be aware that scleractinian bioherms are not uniquely shallow-water in origin. The distinction between ancient deep- and shallow-water coral buildups involves using multiple recognition criteria, including: 1) presence or absence of algae; 2) diversity of corals; 3) coral morphology and microstructure; 4) abundance of planktonic/benthonic components; 5) microborings; 6) surrounding litho- and biofacies; 7) stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen; and 8) trace element geochemistry, particularly Sr and U concentrations. The distinction between deep- and shallow-water bioherms is crucial to regional paleoenvironmental and stratigraphic interpretations.
The effect of emitter discharge and irrigation volume on the wet barrier advance in the drip irrigation: a case study of GAEMABAD plain of Kerman

The plan of soil profile wetting by a source point, emitter, which is called wet bulb, has an important role in the designing of drip irrigation, and it has effect on the amount of irrigation water. In fact, the first step for guarantying the irrigation performance is the determination of advance ratio of wet barrier in the horizontal and vertical directions. The experiment was conducted in the GHAEMABAD region of KERMAN which has a sandy loam texture in order to evaluate the amount of emitter discharge and irrigation water volume on the wet barrier advances in the vertical and horizontal directions. Three amount of discharge amounts of 4, 8, and 24 Lit.hr -1 instead of amounts of irrigation water volume selected, and the measurements of movement ratio and moisture advances was done in the vertical and horizontal directions. The results of this study show that the amount of wetted diameter and depth of soil instead of certain volume of irrigation water will be increased and decreased respectively with increasing the emitter discharge ratio. These amounts and the volume of wetted soil, wet barrier volume will be gone up with increasing the period of irrigation instead of different amounts of emitter discharge. Also, the amount of wetted soil volume, wet bulb volume has an increasing ratio with going up the discharge and applied water volume. The evaluation of amount instead of different amounts of irrigation water volume shows that if the volume of applied water is more than 36 lit; the effect of discharge amount of emitter on the water distribution is significant, and with increasing the discharge, the amount of advances will be increased and decreased in the horizontal and vertical directions. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-language:FA;}
Fatigue and health-related quality of life in patients with immune thrombocytopenia: a longitudinal assessment in China

ABSTRACT Background There is lacking studies of longitudinally assessment of fatigue and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Chinese immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) adults. We aimed to evaluate changes in fatigue and HRQoL and identify the associated factors. Methods Patients’ characteristics, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT-F) and the ITP-specific Patient Assessment Questionnaire (ITP-PAQ) scores at admission (T0), at discharge (T1), and three months after discharge (T2) were collected. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine changes over time. Results We included 175 patients. The mean score of FACIT-F at T0 was 37.2 and increased at T1 (39.0), while then decreased at T2 (34.7). Patients who were single, retired, had persistent ITP, splenomegaly had more severe fatigue, whereas those who had not received any prior treatment and had a bleeding score of 0 at admission had milder fatigue. The mean score of ITP-PAQ was 57.7 at T0, then gradually increased to 60.3 at T1 and 62.8 at T2. Patients with persistent ITP and those who have never received treatment for ITP have better HRQoL. Conclusion ITP adults’ fatigue and HRQoL were impaired. Patients’ fatigue improved at discharge but worsened at three months after discharge, while HRQoL gradually improved over time.
The Geography of Social Change

We investigate how and when social change arises. We use data on the spatial diffusion of the fertility transition across US counties to identify the contribution of coordination and learning in the emergence of a new family model. We provide several measures of local and global spatial correlation to establish the existence of a significant geographic pattern in the data. We propose a mechanism in which cultural assimilation is the engine of the fertility transition. Using Census data starting from 1850, we estimate the speed of fertility assimilation for the different ethnic groups to show that their process of convergence is a crucial channel to explain the aggregate decline of fertility rate over time and across space.
The Stability Field of Sapphirine in the System MgO-Al2O3-SiO2

A detailed study by the method of quenching of ten closely spaced compositions in a small portion of the ternary system $$MgO-Al_{2}O_{3}-SiO_{2}$$ has delineated the tiny field of sapphirine and located the temperatures and compositions of three ternary reaction points. Sapphirine crystals are stable in equilibrium with a liquid in the ternary system only over the narrow range of temperature between 1,482° and 1,453° C.
Clearance of β‐amyloid mediated by autophagy is enhanced by MTORC1 inhibition but not AMPK activation in APP/PSEN1 astrocytes

Proteostasis mechanisms mediated by macroautophagy/autophagy are altered in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD) and their recovery/enhancement has been proposed as a therapeutic approach. From the two central nodes in the anabolism–catabolism balance, it is generally accepted that mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1 (MTORC1)_ activation leads to the inhibition of autophagy, whereas adenosine 5′‐monophosphate (AMP)‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) has the opposite role. In AD, amyloid beta (Aβ) production disturbs the optimal neuronal/glial proteostasis. As astrocytes are essential for brain homeostasis, the purpose of this work was to analyze if the upregulation of autophagy in this cell type, either by MTORC1 inhibition or AMPK activation, could modulate the generation/degradation of β‐amyloid. By using primary astrocytes from amyloid beta precursor protein (APP)/Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) mouse model of AD, we confirmed that MTORC1 inhibition reduced Aβ secretion through moderate autophagy induction. Surprisingly, pharmacologically increased activity of AMPK did not enhance autophagy but had different effects on Aβ secretion. Conversely, AMPK inhibition did not affect autophagy but reduced Aβ secretion. These puzzling data were confirmed through the overexpression of different mutant AMPK isoforms: while only the constitutively active AMPK increased autophagy, all versions augmented Aβ secretion. We conclude that AMPK has a significantly different role in primary astrocytes than in other reported cells, similar to our previous findings in neurons. Our data support that perhaps only a basal AMPK activity is needed to maintain autophagy whereas the increased activity, either physiologically or pharmacologically, has no direct effect on autophagy‐dependent amyloidosis. These results shed light on the controversy about the therapeutic effect of AMPK activation on autophagy induction.
Clinical and imaging predictors of late‐onset GM2 gangliosidosis: A scoping review

Late‐onset GM2 gangliosidosis (LOGG) subtypes late‐onset Tay‐Sachs (LOTS) and Sandhoff disease (LOSD) are ultra‐rare neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders presenting with weakness, ataxia, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Previous studies considered LOTS and LOSD clinically indistinguishable; recent studies have challenged this. We performed a scoping review to ascertain whether imaging and clinical features may differentiate these diseases.
Computational explorations of the interaction between laccase and bisphenol A: influence of surfactant and different organic solvents

ABSTRACT Bisphenol A (BPA), as an environmental endocrine disruptor can cause damage to the reproductive, nervous and immune systems. Laccase can be used to degrade BPA. However, laccase is easily deactivated, especially in organic solvents, but the specific details are not clear. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the reasons for changes in laccase activity in acetonitrile (ACN) and dimethyl formamide (DMF) solutions. In addition, the effects of ACN and DMF on the activity of laccase and surfactant rhamnolipid (RL) on the degradation of BPA by laccase were investigated. Results showed that addition of ACN changed the structure of the laccase, not only decreasing the van der Waals interaction that promoted the binding of laccase with BPA, but also increasing the polar solvation free energy that hindered the binding of laccase with BPA, so it weakened the laccase activity. DMF greatly enhanced the van der Waals interaction between laccase and BPA, and played a positive role in their binding. The addition of surfactant RL alleviated the effect of organic solvent on the activity of laccase by changing the polar solvation energy. The mechanism of surfactant RL affecting laccase activity in ACN and DMF is described, providing support for understanding the effect of organic solvents on laccase.
Forecasting emergent risks in advanced AI systems: an analysis of a future road transport management system

Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being increasingly implemented within road transport systems worldwide. Next generation of AI, Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is imminent, and is anticipated to be more powerful than current AI. AGI systems will have a broad range of abilities and be able to perform multiple cognitive tasks akin to humans that will likely produce many expected benefits, but also potential risks. This study applied the EAST Broken Links approach to forecast the functioning of an AGI system tasked with managing a road transport system and identify potential risks. In total, 363 risks were identified that could have adverse impacts on the stated goals of safety, efficiency, environmental sustainability, and economic performance of the road system. Further, risks beyond the stated goals were identified; removal from human control, mismanaging public relations, and self-preservation. A diverse set of systemic controls will be required when designing, implementing, and operating future advanced technologies. Practitioner summary: This study demonstrated the utility of HFE methods for formally considering risks associated with the design, implementation, and operation of future technologies. This study has implications for AGI research, design, and development to ensure safe and ethical AGI implementation.