Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distinct effects of treatment with two different interferon-alpha subtypes on HIV-1-associated T-cell activation and dysfunction in humanized mice

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Objective: Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) has been associated with excessive immune activation and dysfunction during HIV-1 infection. However, evidence suggests specific IFN-α subtypes may be beneficial rather than detrimental. This study compared the effects of treatment with two different IFN-α subtypes on indicators of T-cell activation and dysfunction during HIV-1 infection. Design: Humanized mice were infected with HIV-1 for 5 weeks and then treated with two different IFN-α subtypes for an additional 3 weeks. Splenic T cells were assessed both immediately posttreatment and again 6 weeks after treatment cessation. Methods: HIV-1 infected triple-knockout bone marrow-liver-thymus mice received daily intraperitoneal injections of either IFN-α14 or the clinically approved subtype, IFN-α2. T cells were analysed directly ex vivo for indicators of activation and dysfunction or stimulated to determine their proliferative capacity and ability to produce functional mediators. Results: Unlike IFN-α2, IFN-α14 treatment reduced viremia and resulted in less activated CD4+ T cells and a lower naïve to effector CD8+ T-cell ratio. Despite exhibiting a reduced proliferative response, the frequency of CD8+ T cells from IFN-α14 treated mice that produced functional mediators and expressed markers of dysfunction was more similar to healthy controls than untreated and IFN-α2 treated mice. Frequencies of exhaustion marker expression remained higher in untreated and IFN-α2 treated mice 6 weeks posttreatment despite similar viral loads between groups at this timepoint. Conclusions: Treatment with different IFN-α subtypes had distinctive effects on T cells during HIV-1 infection. IFN-α14 was associated with fewer indicators of T-cell dysfunction whereas IFN-α2 treatment had little impact.
Elementary Students’ Perceptions of Learning Environment Based Digital Games in EFL

The present study examined the effects of students‟ perceptions and experiences in a learning environment that included a digital game as a teaching and learning tool. The researchers indicate that the learning environment is a powerful force to influence students‟ perceptions and experiences of the educational process. Thirty students participated in the study, sharing their insights and experiences about their perceptions of this type of learning environment. Using students‟ written reflections, researchers-as-observers feedback, and the teacher‟s research journal, data were coded and then analyzed to reflect common themes in students‟ perceptions and experiences of the classroom as a whole.
Effect of Implementing Transformational Leadership Educational Program on Sense of Responsibility of Nursing Clinical Educators at Faculty of Nursing

Background: Transformational leadership of nursing clinical educators is preferred for facing challenges that arise from the technological changes of globalization in nursing clinical education. It is also a creative approach which needed to deal with these challenges through enhancement of nursing clinical educators’ sense of responsibility. The study was aimed to determine the effect of implementing transformational leadership educational program on sense of responsibility of nursing clinical educators at Faculty of Nursing. Subjects and Method: Design: Quasi-experimental design was used. Setting: Tanta University, Faculty of Nursing. Subject: All (80) nursing clinical educators at the above mentioned setting. Tools: Three tools were used to collect data; I: Nursing clinical educators' knowledge questionnaire about transformational leadership and sense of responsibility. II: Nursing clinical educators' transformational leadership questionnaire. III: Nursing clinical educators' sense of responsibility questionnaire. Results: Majority of nursing clinical educators had poor knowledge level of transformational leadership and sense of responsibility at pre-educational program, while at immediate post and 3 months post educational program, majority of them had good knowledge level. Majority of nursing clinical educators rated themselves as low level of transformational leadership and sense of responsibility at pre-educational program decreased to low percent at immediate post educational program, and at 3 months post educational program. Conclusion: Nursing clinical educators at Tanta University Faculty of Nursing showed low knowledge level of transformational leadership and sense of responsibility. Also, they rated themselves as low level of transformational leadership and sense of responsibility. Nursing clinical educators develop transformational leadership and sense of responsibility after implementation of program. Recommendations: Nursing faculty give more consideration to the crucial role of transformational leadership and sense of responsibility to upgrade the nursing clinical educators.
Spatial and temporal controls on proglacial erosion rates: A comparison of four basins on Mount Rainier, 1960 to 2017

The retreat of alpine glaciers since the mid‐19th century has triggered rapid landscape adjustments in many headwater basins. However, the degree to which decadal‐scale glacier retreat is associated with systematic or substantial changes in overall coarse sediment export, with the potential to impact downstream river dynamics, remains poorly understood. Here, we use repeat topographic surveys to assess geomorphic change in four partly glaciated basins on a stratovolcano (Mount Rainier) in Washington State at roughly decadal intervals from 1960 to 2017. The proglacial extents of the four basins show distinct geomorphic trajectories, ranging from substantial and sustained net erosion to relatively inactive with net deposition. These different trajectories correspond to differences in initial (1960) valley floor gradients, and can be effectively understood as valley floor grade adjustments. Significant erosion was most often accomplished by debris flows triggered by extreme rainfall or glacial outburst floods, though a single rockfall mobilized more material than all other events combined. Year‐to‐year runoff events had little measurable geomorphic impact. Exported material tended to accumulate in broad deposits within several kilometers of source areas and largely remained there through the end of the study period. Over 10‐ to 100‐year timescales, we find that the impact of glacier retreat on coarse sediment yield may then vary substantially according to the geometry and storage trends of the newly exposed valley floor; the timing of that response may also be dictated, and potentially obscured, by stochastic and/or extreme events.
Getting social: postgraduate students use of social media

ABSTRACT Social media are becoming increasingly popular in a professional context and, if used appropriately, can be beneficial to postgraduate students. Little is known regarding the extent to which postgraduate students engage with social media for postgraduate purposes. The present study aimed to understand postgraduate students’ general use of social media, as well as investigate social media use specifically for postgraduate (educational and/or scientific) purposes. A total of 231 postgraduate students from 45 countries completed a mixed-methods survey. Instagram was the most frequently used social media platform overall, with Twitter being the most commonly used for postgraduate purposes. Most students posted educational and/or scientific content on social media platforms, with approximately one-third having a social media account specific for postgraduate/scientific content. The most common reasons postgraduate students access social media for postgraduate-related purposes were personal connection with community, science communication, motivations and learning, and networking. The most common reasons for posting postgraduate content online were self-branding, accessing a broad audience, science communication, and building a postgraduate community. Overall, postgraduate students are commonly using social media for postgraduate purposes which presents opportunities to mitigate pitfalls of the student experience and promote positive mental health among this group.
New Credit Drivers: Results from a Small Open Economy

ABSTRACT In developed economies, macroeconomic indicators such as unemployment and price indices tend to predict new credit expansion. We explore whether business and consumer surveys complement traditional macroeconomic variables in predicting new household and corporate loans in the following 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Using monthly data for Slovakia, starting in 2009 and ending in 2019, we use Bayesian model averaging to examine 102 potential credit drivers. Our results show that, with the exception of interest rates and unemployment, traditional macroeconomic variables do not seem to drive credit market development. Instead, survey-based perceptions, calendar effects and policy uncertainty show relevant predictive power.
Sport Consumption Intentions during a Crisis: The COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic brought a disruption to daily life and to the sport industry not seen before by generations of consumers. The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of three external factors (i.e., perceived State/County opening phase status, work status and sheltering status) along with consumers’ past spectating behavior on their intentions to attend live sport events in the near future. In this examination, we controlled for COVID-19-related beliefs, as well as for consumers’ emotional states (i.e., scared, optimistic). Data were collected from 382 Amazon Mechanical Turk respondents. The findings revealed how external factors happening due to a crisis (i.e., pandemic) and past spectating behavior influence consumers’ intentions to attend live sport events. Furthermore, beliefs and emotions related to the threat of COVID-19 sport spectators’ intentions to go to live sport events in the COVID-19 era.
Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Infection Control principles Among A Sample of Egyptian Dental Students.

Background: Dental students are at great risk of cross-infection and accidental sharp injuries. Sharp injuries are the main risk for viral infections' transmission such as HBV, HCV, and HIV. The hazard of sharp injuries is generally reduced by following the proper safety measures in clinical training, and student vaccination particularly HBV vaccine. Aim: this study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge about infectious diseases transmission, HBV vaccination status, attitude, and practice of treating patients with infectious diseases,history of occupational injuries, and post exposure management among 4 th and 5 grades dental students in the Faculty of dentistry in both Mansoura and Delta universities. Method: Atotal of 798 dental students in 4th and 5th grades in both universities were chosen randomly and participated in this cross sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire was designed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of dental students toward infectious diseases that transmitted during dental procedures, post exposure management and their vaccination status. After data collection, they were analyzed using (SPSS) program. Results:Mansoura University students had significantly higher correct knowledge about salivary diseases transmission. As well as, significantly higher percentage of Mansoura dental students (90.1%)were vaccinated against HBV Compared to (82.7%) of Delta dental students.On the other hand, both Mansoura and Delta students had correct knowledge about taking medical history and post exposure management without significant difference between them. Mansoura University students had significantly higher attitude towards treating patientswith infectious diseases (89.5%) in comparison to Delta university students (85.4%). But, they had lower practice. Conclusion: Dental students in both Mansoura and Delta Universities had lower level of knowledge about salivary diseases transmission. But, the majority of them were vaccinated against HBV. In contrast, they had high knowledge and attitude toward treating patients with infectious diseases but moderate practice.
Changes in soil pH and addition of inorganic phosphate affect glyphosate adsorption in agricultural soil

Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in Argentina. The strong sorption of glyphosate to the mineral fraction of the soil can be affected by environmental conditions and agricultural management, such as the application of fertilisers. This work aimed to study the effect of pH and the presence of inorganic phosphate on the affinity of glyphosate for nine different surface soils of Argentina. The effect of pH on glyphosate sorption was investigated by batch experiments with pH adjusted between 3 and 12. The greatest glyphosate adsorption occurred at a certain pH value and then adsorption decreased with increasing or decreasing pH. The effects of pH on adsorption could be described by a model that includes changes in electrical potential. The effect of inorganic phosphate on glyphosate adsorption was studied by batch experiments in the presence of 0.5 or 1 mM phosphate. The results showed a significant competition between phosphate and glyphosate in all soils. The Freundlich glyphosate coefficients decreased by 40%–65% with phosphate in solution, and the amount of glyphosate adsorbed decreased between 1% and 5%, depending on the particular characteristics of the soil. For the glyphosate‐phosphate competition, the competition terms were not reciprocal with each other because the competition between ions for adsorption sites also involves electrical effects.
Canine Populations in Vicinity are Propagating Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumour in Pakistan – A Pilot Study

Furqan Awan1,2, Sadia Nawaz3, Muhammad Muddassir Ali3,*, Asia Iqbal4, Raheela Akhtar5, Sehrish Firyal3, Haleema Sadia6, Arshad Javid4, Muhammad Rashid7, Muhammad Sulman Ali Taseer8 and Zhenling Zeng1 1College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China 2Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore-54000, Pakistan 3Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore-54000, Pakistan 4Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore-54000 Pakistan 5Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore-54000, Pakistan 6Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan 7Faculty of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore-54000 Pakistan 8Department of Pathology, Khan Bahadar Chaudhry Mushtaq Ahmed College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Pakistan Article Information Received 02 March 2020 Revised 23 July 2020 Accepted 18 August 2020 Available online 22 October 2021
Self-reported mathematical problem-solving skills of future mathematics teachers

Background: During their university studies, student teachers are equipped for the teaching profession in various domains of knowledge and practice. In addition to learning pedagogic skills for practice purposes, they also expand their knowledge of the subjects that they will teach. In mathematics teacher education, one important principle is that the content of the subject must, somehow, be fused with the pedagogy in what has become known as mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT). Although several studies have been conducted about students’ performance of MKT, there is little research in South Africa about how students routinely experience the coursework itself. In this study, I argue that mathematics knowledge and skills should ideally precede the teaching of pedagogy, for reasons of communicating the concepts clearly and for building a foundation of mathematical thinking prior to practising teaching skills.Aim: To find out what the student teachers’ self-reported experience of one component of a mathematics content course are, namely their engagement with problem-solving tasks.Methods: A qualitative case study of student teachers’ learning, with the primary source of data, the student teachers’ reflective journal entries. Data were analysed through coding, categorising and thematised mindful of the MPSKT framework.Results: The findings indicated that, whilst the students’ understanding of the processes of problem-solving was deepened during the course, matters of pedagogy arose spontaneously.
THE EFFECTS OF INTERPERSONAL AFFECT AND OPPORTUNITY TO OBSERVE ON RATINGS IN MULTI-SOURCE ASSESSMENT PROCESS ÇOK KAYNAKLI DEĞERLEME SÜRECİNDE KİŞİLERARASI ETKİ VE GÖZLEMLEME İMKÂNININ DEĞERLEMELER ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

In related literature, although various rater demographic characteristics, opportunity to observe and interpersonal affect have been considered in many studies, a small number of investigations has indicated the influence of interpersonal affect and opportunity to observe on ratings in multisource assessment process. In this study, we investigated whether rater affect has a similar effect on the ratings from three sources in multi-source assessment process and whether there is an interaction between rater’s affect and the opportunity to observe the rate. All the white collar employees (39 persons) within a medium-sized manufacturing company participated in the study. The findings indicate that the influence of interpersonal affect on ratings was significantly greater in subordinate and peer feedback than in supervisor feedback.
By helping others we help ourselves: insights from peer support workers in substance use recovery

ABSTRACT Objectives Peer support is built upon the premise that shared life experiences benefits both the helper and the receiver. This relationship has been linked to an increase in practical knowledge of addiction and recovery, empowerment, hope, and community connectedness. Much research on peer support is geared toward the effectiveness of the intervention for the consumer. Less is known about the role of this relationship in the recovery of the workers themselves. Method This qualitative study explored the experience of recovery in substance use peer support workers using in-depth semi-structured interviews of 10 individuals who were employed as peer support workers in community-based roles. Thematic analysis was used to investigate the peer workers experience in the dual role of helper and consumer of recovery support. Results While none of the peers interviewed expected to benefit from helping, all reported this experience to be not only meaningful but also to have a positive impact on their recovery. Providing peer support to others strengthened the workers' ability to maintain personal recovery by keeping them connected to communities of support, providing opportunities to be of service, allowing them to pay forward what had been given to them, and a sense of accomplishment in being a part of the recovery of another individual. Discussion This study highlighted that helping others is a benefit to both the recovery of peer support workers and their personal lives, while recognising the need to separate personal recovery efforts from helping.
The Lack of Robustness of a Statistic Based on the Neyman–Pearson Lemma to Violations of Its Underlying Assumptions

Drasgow, Levine, and Zickar (1996) suggested a statistic based on the Neyman–Pearson lemma (NPL; e.g., Lehmann & Romano, 2005, p. 60) for detecting preknowledge on a known set of items. The statistic is a special case of the optimal appropriateness indices (OAIs) of Levine and Drasgow (1988) and is the most powerful statistic for detecting item preknowledge when the assumptions underlying the statistic hold for the data (e.g., Belov, 2016Belov, 2016; Drasgow et al., 1996). This paper demonstrated using real data analysis that one assumption underlying the statistic of Drasgow et al. (1996) is often likely to be violated in practice. This paper also demonstrated, using simulated data, that the statistic is not robust to realistic violations of its underlying assumptions. Together, the results from the real data and the simulations demonstrate that the statistic of Drasgow et al. (1996) may not always be the optimum statistic in practice and occasionally has smaller power than another statistic for detecting preknowledge on a known set of items, especially when the assumptions underlying the former statistic do not hold. The findings of this paper demonstrate the importance of keeping in mind the assumptions underlying and the limitations of any statistic or method.
Expansion pharyngoplasty for treatment snoring and obstructive sleep apnea

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea is defined as “five or more respiratory events (apneas, hypopneas) in combination with severe daytime somnolence, waking with gasping, choking, or breath-holding. ” Objective: to investigate the importance of anterolateral pharyngoplasty in the management of obstructive sleep apnea by increasing pharyngeal airspace and decreasing palatal and lateral pharyngeal wall collapse. Methodology: A prospective interventional study included 30 patients over the age of 18 who were suffering from symptoms suggestive of obstructive sleep apnea; each patient was assessed by history, polysomnography, and a cahali VI lateral pharyngoplasty, with the patients being followed-up for six months after the procedure. Results: There was statistically significant reduction of sleeping index postoperatively compared to preoperatively (51.27 ± 5.71 vs. 37.53 ± 2.64). There was statistically significant reduction of apnea hypopnea index postoperatively compared to preoperatively (27.77 ± 9.55 vs. 21.33 ± 8.07 ). There was statistically significant reduction of Epworth sleepiness scale postoperatively compared to preoperatively (2.40 ± 0.72 vs. 0.83 ± 0.70 ). Conclusion: Cahali VI lateral pharyngoplasty can be used as a stand-alone treatment for all OSA patients. JRAM 2022; 3 (1): 67-74
Cytomegalovirus Infection Is Associated With Increased Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection

Abstract Cytomegalovirus (CMV) increases tuberculosis (TB) risk, but its relationship with latent TB infection (LTBI) is unknown. Using US nationally representative data, we report that CMV was independently associated with LTBI (odds ratio, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.19–7.28; P=.02). CMV and LTBI were associated with higher C-reactive protein, suggesting chronic inflammation.
Machine Learning Models Correct Systematic Errors in Alchemical Perturbation Density Functional Theory Applications to Catalysis

Alchemical perturbation density functional theory (APDFT) has great promise for enabling rapid and accurate computational screening of hypothetical catalyst sites, but first order approximations are unsatisfactorily inaccurate when alchemical derivatives are large. In this work, we analyze errors in first order APDFT calculation schemes for binding energies of CHx, NHx, OHx, and OOH adsorbates over a range of different coverages on hypothetical alloys based on a Pt(111) reference system. We then construct feature vectors by fingerprinting the dopant locations in the alloy and then use a data set of about 11,100 data points to train three different support vector regression machine learning models that correct systematic APDFT prediction errors for each of the three classes of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen based adsorbates. While uncorrected first order APDFT alone can approximate reasonably accurate adsorbate binding energies on up to 36 hypothetical alloys based on a single Kohn-Sham DFT calculation on a 3 × 3 unit cell for Pt(111), the machine learning-corrected APDFT in principle extends this number to more than 20,000 and provides a recipe for developing other machine learning models to aid future high throughput screening studies.