Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An examination of energy utilization in lactating dairy cows receiving a total mixed ration based on maize silage

Six multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were offered a total mixed ration based on maize silage in a repeated measure design to evaluate the partition of gross energy (GE) during early to mid lactation. Four measurements were made at 6-week intervals with energy and nitrogen balances carried out in open-circuit respiration chambers over 6 days during lactation weeks 6, 12, 18 and 24. The intakes of total diet dry matter (DM) corrected for volatile losses (VCDM), organic matter (OM) and GE declined significantly ( P P P P P P P a ) (mean 0·625 MJ/MJ) were corrected to an equivalent value at maintenance (q mc ) (mean 0·666 MJ/MJ). The overall ME intakes (MJ/day) were: ad libitum, 246, corrected for level of feeding effect, 263, with a predicted ME requirement according to AFRC (1993) (MER 93 ) of 242. Substitution of the calculated qmc into the predictive equations (AFRC, 1993) resulted in a mean maintenance requirement of 57·6 MJ/day (0·464 MJ/kg M 0·75 /day) whilst the mean value derived from the linear model describing the experimental data was 82·5 MJ/day (0·664 MJ/kg M 0·75 /day). The mean efficiencies of utilization of ME for milk production derived from AFRC (1993) and the linear regression model were 0·653 MJ/MJ and 0·625 MJ/MJ respectively.
Investigation of mitochondrial targets for cardioprotection

Background Novel therapeutic strategies are required to protect the myocardium against ischaemia- reperfusion injury. Mitochondria are fundamental for the maintenance of cell function and survival in this setting. Although a number of mitochondrial therapeutic targets have been identified, their cardioprotective efficacy in vivo remains unknown. Methods and Results This thesis describes the establishment and validation of an important in vivo murine model of ischaemia-reperfusion injury for the first time within our laboratory. This model was used to investigate the cardioprotective potential of modulating three mitochondrial proteins. In addition, this thesis investigates the use of a novel cardiac MRI sequence to quantify myocardial area-at-risk, an essential pre-requisite for assessing the cardioprotective efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Cyclophilin-D: Cyp-D has been implicated as a critical regulator of cell death by mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening upon ischaemia-reperfusion. Cyp-D genetic ablation evoked cardioprotection against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion following extended reperfusion; thereby confirming the protective efficacy of this target. Sirtuin-3: Post-translational protein deacetylation by Sirt-3 is an important regulator of mitochondrial biology and cell survival. Sirt-3 genetic ablation did not affect the susceptibility to myocardial infarction upon ischaemia-reperfusion under normal conditions. Fasting-induced Sirt-3 overexpression increased myocardial infarct size; thereby suggesting that Sirt-3 inhibition may be protective under certain conditions. DJ-1: Preservation of mitochondrial function upon oxidative stress by the diverse actions of DJ-1 is critical for cell survival upon cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion. DJ-1 genetic ablation caused increased mitochondrial fragmentation but did not adversely affect cardiac function. DJ-1 knockout mice were more susceptible to myocardial infarction suggesting that this may represent an important target for cardioprotection. Conclusions This thesis confirms the role for CypD as an important target for cardioprotection, and provides experimental evidence implicating Sirt-3 and DJ-1 as novel mitochondrial targets for protecting the heart against ischaemia-reperfusion injury. We also provide initial data that arterial spin labelling cardiac MRI may be an important tool for the future assessment of novel cardioprotective interventions.
Processes in the Infection of Barley Leaves by Rhynchosporium Secalis

Conidia of R. secalis (Oud.) Davis germinated on barley leaves to produoe , short germ tubes and appressoria. Hyphae below the appressoria penetrated the outicle and formed extensive myoelial mats between the cuticle and the outer epidermal cell walls. Epidermal cell walls beneath the subcuticular hyphae became swollen, lamellate, and collapsed so that the inner and outer walls of the epidermis came together.
Body measurements and body weight of Ramnad White sheep

Ramnad White is a medium sized and hardy mutton type sheep. The body colour is predominantly milky white with black colour in the extremities. Males have thick curling horns and females are polled. The data on body measurements and bodyweight of Ramnad White sheep maintained at District Livestock Farm, Pudukottai were analysed. The least squares means for body weight, height at withers, body length, heart girth, paunch girth, face length, ear length and tail length were 31.05 ± 0.57 kg, 74.22 ± 0.71, 66.82 ± 0.87, 81.65 ± 0.82, 72.43 ± 1.15, 24.35 ± 0.74, 12.79 ± 0.28 and 7.84 ± 0.25 cm, respectively in males and 23.50 ± 0.27kg, 69.88 ± 0.33, 59.19 ± 0.41, 73.44 ± 0.39, 69.96 ± 0.54, 18.23 ± 0.35, 12.27 ± 0.13, 7.81 ± 0.12 cm, respectively in females.
The Axophyllinae from SW Spain: a review

A revision of the state of knowledge of the solitary axophyllids that have been grouped in the subfamily Axophyllinae (family Axophyllidae) and the description of the specimens collected in Sierra Morena (south-western Spain) is accomplished. This group of rugose corals has been reported frequently in the Carboniferous from Australia to North America and from China to Western Europe. However, some of the supposed records belong to other coral families that show some features in common, such as Geyerophyllidae and Aulophyllidae. After a detailed revision of the bibliographic references and some of the types, the genera included in this subfamily are: Axophyllum, Gangamophyllum, Pareynia, Semenophyllum, Protocarcinophyllum and the new genus Morenaphyllum. The genus Axoclisia remains as a doubtful member of the family. Axophyllinae are common in south-western Spain. They have been recorded and cited from the Guadiato Area and Los Santos de Maimona Basin comprising upper Visean (Asbian, Brigantian) and Serpukhovian rocks, but most of those records remain undescribed. The record of Axophyllinae in Sierra Morena comprises ten species belonging to Axophyllum (four of them are new; A. cozari, A. julianaense, A. spinosum, A. spiralum), two species belonging to Gangamophyllum, one belonging to Pareynia (a new one, P. viacrucense) and two belonging to the new genus Morenaphyllum (M. antolinense, M. boyerense). The stratigraphic record of the Axophyllinae in Sierra Morena fi ts well with the distribution of the same species in other regions (mainly Western Europe and North Africa), with a few exceptions. A.mendipense occurs later than in Britain and Belgium and A. tazoultense and A.pseudokirsopianum occur earlier than in North Africa. A tentative phylogeny is proposed. The genus Axophyllum is the ancestor of all other genera of the subfamily and at least five evolutionary lineages can be traced in that genus, from the ancestor (Axophyllum simplex) to the youngest record, A. moroccoense. The Axophyllinae should be considered as biogeographic markers of the Palaeotethys, because all citations of taxa beyond that ocean are erroneous. Their stratigraphic range is from lower Visean to Bashkirian, having an acme in the upper Visean, both in abundance and diversity. Their occurrences in the Bashkirian are local records in some refuges before their extinction.
Teachers Motivation Towards Job Performance Appraisal Among Secondary School Teachers

The aim of this study is to examine the relation between performance appraisal and motivation of teachers. For this purpose, data was collected from 297 teachers from seven schools in the district of Sabak Bernam. The performance appraisal scale and the motivation scale were used. According to the first finding obtained, while the motivation and performance appraisal beliefs did not differentiate according to sex. Second, significant relations in positive terms were obtained between aspects of performance appraisal and motivation of teachers. Lastly, employee skills assessment is the most dominant aspects affect the effectiveness of the performance evaluation.
Firm Listing Status and the Investment Home Bias

Abstract Are public firm investment rates more sensitive than private firm rates to new investment opportunities? We offer a new explanation for differences in public and private firm investment sensitivities: investment sensitivities differ because the type of investments favored by firms varies with their listing status. Specifically, we consider the geography of investment opportunities and find that private firms have a much stronger investment home-bias than similar public firms which makes their investment decisions more sensitive to local investment opportunities than public firms. Controlling for local investment opportunities explains four-fifths of the differential sensitivity between public and private firms not explained by more traditional measures of investment opportunities.
The Age-Related Morphological Changes in the Capillary Architecture of the Peripheral Nerve in Rats

[Purpose] The impairment of the peripheral nerve with aging is associated with capillary degradation and apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to morphologically investigate whether the capillary architecture in the tibial nerve spontaneously declines with age in rats. [Subjects] Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=10) were used in the present study. [Methods] The rats were randomly divided into control (n=5), elderly (n=5) groups. The body mass, adipose weight, capillary diameter, cross-sectional area and number of microvascular ramifications in the tibial nerve were compared between the control (56-weeksold) and elderly (106-weeks-old) groups using the three-dimensional images captured by confocal laser scanning microscopy. [Results] The body mass and adipose weights in the elderly group were significantly higher than those observed in the control group (p < 0.05). Conversely, the capillary diameter, crosssectional area and number of microvascular ramifications in the elderly group were significantly lower than those observed in the control group (p < 0.05). [Conclusion] These findings showed that the capillaries in the tibial nerve morphologically degrade with age. Such capillary degradation with age may be associated with an increase in the adipose weight which thus causes lipid peroxidation and cell apoptosis.
Individual and epistatic genetic effects of quantitative trait loci affecting growth, feed intake, body composition and meat quality in pigs

Selection of pigs has focussed on the improvement of lean growth with simultaneous reduction in fat tissue, due to the high economic importance of these traits. As a consequence, a large number of quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been reported for these traits. In contrast, very few QTL have been reported for chemical body composition (protein and lipid). Knowledge about the deposition rates of these components is important to accurately predict the nutritional requirements of pigs and to determine selection objectives for optimal development of body tissues and feed intake capacity. Therefore, the principle aims of this thesis were to investigate the genomic regulation of physical and chemical body composition as well as feed intake, feed efficiency and meat quality in a commercial pig population. Data for all analyses were derived from a three generation full-sib design created by crossing Pietrain sires with a crossbred dam line. In total, 386 animals were genotyped for 96 molecular markers covering 11 chromosomes. Phenotypic data were available for 315 F2 animals for carcass characteristics measured at slaughter weight, chemical body composition measured at different target weights throughout growth, feed intake measured throughout growth, and meat quality traits collected post-slaughter. Individual QTL analyses of several autosomes and chromosome X uncovered a large number of QTL in different regions of the genome for physical body composition traits as well as novel QTL for chemical body composition and deposition. Associations between QTL for chemical and physical body composition were also detected. The results highlighted that different stages of growth are under different genomic regulation. Further QTL were detected for feed intake and feed efficiency and interesting causative biological reasons for QTL of feed efficiency were derived in associations with QTL for body composition and growth. Epistatic QTL analyses were performed to investigate the contribution of interactions (epistasis) to the genomic regulation of physical and chemical body composition as well as growth and feed intake. Epistasis
Iranian EFL Learner’s Written Grammatical Errors: Different Levels of Language Proficiency

Errors are one of the enigmatic parts in the process of foreign language (L2) learning as they are extremely versatile at each and every stage of the language learning proficiency. The present study, therefore, was an attempt to reveal Iranian EFL learners’ grammatical errors in writing at two levels of proficiency, namely lower intermediate and advanced, and then to investigate whether there was a relationship between the levels of EFL learners’ proficiency and the types of grammatical errors they committed in their scripts. The study was carried out at a private language institute in Gorgan, Iran. To this end, 60 female EFL learners (30 lower intermediate and 30 advanced females) whose age ranged between 13 and 17 participated in this study and wrote 150 word writing samples on a predetermined descriptive subject. The descriptive analyses of the data based on the scoring framework of the study demonstrated the types of grammatical errors at each level of proficiency. A Chi Square test was then run in SPSS Ver. 25 on the 16 common frequent error categories between both levels of proficiency, which verified the existence of a relationship between EFL learners’ levels of proficiency and the types of written grammatical errors they committed in their writing. The findings of the study might be of interest to EFL learners, EFL teachers, syllabus designers, and materials developers.
Torrey's morphogenesis of the vertebrates

PANORAMA. History of the Human Body. Ancestry and History of the Vertebrates. A Preview of Embryogeny. DEVELOPMENTAL PRELIMINARIES. The Gametes. Fertilization. Cleavage and Gastrulation: General Considerations. Cleavage and Germ Layer Formation in Ascidians Amphioxus, and Amphibians. Avian Cleavage and Germ Layer Formation. Early Human Development and Placentation. MORPHOGENESIS OF ORGAN SYSTEMS. The Skin and Its Derivatives. The Skeleton. The Muscular System. The Alimentary Canal and Its Derivatives. The Coelom and Mesenteries. The Urogenital System. The Circulatory System. The Nervous System and Sense Organs. General References. Supplemental Readings. Glossary. Index.
Surface Contamination of Beef Carcasses by Fecal Coliforms.

A total of 18 half-carcasses was selected at random in each of three different meat processing establishments. Samples were taken by excision at seven sites on each half-carcass at the end of four processing sectors, from the dressing of the carcass to the packaging of boneless beef, and the fecal coliform counts per cm2 were subsequently determined. A statistically significant difference in mean fecal coliform count was found between the reference and the other two establishments. Among the four processing steps, boning operations contributed the most to the final count of fecal coliforms on boneless beef. Generally speaking, among the sites, the flank recorded the highest mean fecal coliform count per cm2; nonetheless, following boning operations, the semitendinosus area demonstrated a mean count significantly higher than all the other sites, with the sole exception of the rump. No consistent differences in mean fecal coliform counts were found between the days or the times of sampling, nor between the front and hind quarters. No meaningful linear correlation was detected between the fecal coliform counts and the factors under study, i.e., length of time a carcass is kept in the evisceration area, relative humidity of the evisceration area, warm carcass weight, duration of cold storage, and temperature and relative humidity of the boning room. In summary, the results indicate that any attempt at successfully minimizing boneless beef contamination by fecal coliforms requires the application of tighter control over cross-contamination at the boning room level.
Neural Networks for Cross-Modal Recognition and Vector Object Generation

Over the last decade, Deep Learning became an omnipresent tool in Computer Vision, and more and more systems are learned end-to-end from raw data without explicit manual design of intermediate representations or features, which were a key element of “classical” vision systems. This end-to-end learning paradigm proved adapted to many applications, and intermediate representations learned by neural network architectures are impressively good general purpose features. However the relations between deep features and human representations of the world are unclear, resulting in an impression of “black-box” as well as in an increased difficulty to control and analyze the behavior of deep networks. In this report, I discuss how to learn neural networks more inline with the following two intuitions: (i) the same scene can appear very differently and be depicted in different modalities and (ii) complex objects can be explained by simple primitives. In the first part, I discuss several approaches to recognize an object depiction across modalities. This is crucial in many applications where one would like to learn a task in one image domain and perform it in another domain, for example learning to drive in a video game and driving in the real world. While it is natural for a human to recognize that two objects are the same except for their color, to associate objects in a stylized video-game to their real-life counterparts, or to understand that a drawing is the study of a specific oil painting, theses task are not obvious from a computer point of view. Classical features could be designed to be robust to such variations in the depiction style, but there is no guaranty that learned representations will have similar properties and have to be trained specifically for this purpose. In the second part I focus on the design of neural network architectures that learn to generate images or 3D objects in a way that corresponds to our intuition that they are made of elementary parts. This type of representation would be particularly important to create intuitive design tools. Concretely, I show how to design neural networks which are able to deform a 3D template into a target shape, which can build complex surfaces from parametric surface elements, and which decomposes an image into simple vector layers. Opposite to many approaches which generate pixels or voxels, these architectures generate vector objects, described by parametric functions in continuous space at an infinite resolution. Importantly, the approaches I will present are designed to be trained without handlabeled data. Indeed, labeling data is often a practical challenge and limits the development of deep learning solutions.
Biological control of white rot of pea caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary.

White rot of pea caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) is a serious menace in Kangra valley of Himachal Pradesh. The pathogen is polyphagous and soil borne, therefore, difficult to control through fungicides and host resistance. Because of the limitations in the use of fungicides as well as to minimize the pollution hazards, use of fungal antagonists as biocontrol agents against S. sclerotiorum was deemed very important. Keeping in view these aspects, present investigations were, undertaken.
CHARACTERIZING THE FUNCTION OF GAS1 IN MUSCLE STEM CELLS AGING

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iii TABLE OF CONTENTS . iv INDEX OF FIGURES . vi CHAPTER 1: Introduction . 1 CHAPTER 2: Characterizing Gas1’s Function in Muscle Stem Cell Aging . 10 INTRODUCTION . 11 RESULTS . 14 DISCUSSION . 42 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 45 CHAPTER 3: Cellular/Molecular Mechanism of Gas1 in Muscle Stem Cell Aging . 50 INTRODUCTION . 51 RESULTS . 52 DISCUSSION . 66 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 69 CHAPTER 4: Ret-GDNF Signaling in Muscle Stem Cell Aging.73 INTRODUCTION . 74 RESULTS . 76 DISCUSSION . 102 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 104 CHAPTER 5: Targeting β1-integrin signaling enhances regeneration in aged and dystrophic muscle in mice . 11
Méthylation du promoteur de RASSF1 et tunneling nanotubes : intérêt clinique dans les cancers pleuro-pulmonaires

En apportant la premiere preuve de l’implication de RASSF1A dans la communication intercellulaire via les tunneling nanotubes (TnTs), ce travail a conforte le role prete a RASSF1A de suppresseur de tumeur et de metastase. L’hypermethylation du promoteur de RASSF1 constitue un biomarqueur des cancers, dont l’identification dans le cancer bronchique non a petites cellules presente un interet diagnostic et pronostic, en permettant i) d’une part de depister des lesions precoces accessibles a la chirurgie et ii) d’autre part d’identifier un sousgroupe de patients susceptible d’evoluer vers une maladie metastatique. Independamment de l’expression de RASSF1A, l’implication des TnTs est rapportee dans la carcinogenese de nombreux cancers, supportant le concept que leur presence dans une tumeur ait un impact pronostic. Alors qu’aucun marqueur specifique de TnTs n’ait ete rapporte, nous avons i) confirme que la connexine 43 et la vimentine constituaient une signature moleculaire des TnTs et ii) demontre sur une cohorte de 197 patients atteints de mesotheliome pleural malin (MPM) que la surexpression de vimentine etait un facteur de mauvais pronostique sur la survie globale et sans progression, temoignant de la presence de TnTs dans le MPM. La communication intercellulaire, via les TnTs, est la base d’approches therapeutiques novatrices, permettant (a la difference des traitements conventionnels) de cibler l’ensemble des composants cellulaires d’une tumeur, de lutter contre l’heterogeneite tumorale, responsable de l’emergence de clones cellulaires de resistance selectionnes par les therapies ciblees et responsable de recidive.
Information Acquisition Costs and Misreporting: Evidence from the Implementation of EDGAR.

I study the causal effect of investors’ costs in acquiring corporate filings on misreporting. Lower information acquisition costs potentially deter misreporting through enhanced monitoring. However, the other channel is that managers may be more inclined to misreport anticipating that more investors use accounting information in valuing stocks. I study this empirical question with plausibly exogenous variations in investors’ information acquisition costs using the U.S. firms’ staggered transition from paper filings of periodic reports to electronic filings on the EDGAR system from 1993 to 1996. I find that lower information acquisition costs lead to an increase in accrual-based and real earnings management: discretionary accruals go up by 1 to 1.5% of lagged total assets and abnormal production costs go up by 1% of lagged total assets. My results highlight an unintended consequence of EDGAR and also the importance of having a wholistic understanding of managers’ incentives. JEL Codes: M41, M48, D83 , O33