Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association between dietary sodium intake and disease burden and mortality in Koreans between 1998 and 2016: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Sodium intake is positively associated with blood pressure, which may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, we assessed the disease burden of CVD attributable to sodium intakes above 2,000 mg/day and prospectively investigated the association between dietary/urinary sodium levels and the risk of all-cause and CVD-mortality using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES). SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 68,578 and 33,113 participants were included for comparative risk assessment (CRA) analysis and mortality analysis, respectively, and mean follow-up time for mortality was 5.4 years. CRA analysis was used to quantify attributable incidences of stroke, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and deaths attributable to sodium intake between 1998 and 2016. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to determine the association between sodium intake and all-cause and CVD-mortality. RESULTS Mean dietary sodium intake decreased over time, reaching 3,647 mg/day in 2016. Similarly, the population attributable fractions of stroke and IHD, and the number of CVD-associated deaths attributable to high sodium intake/excretion also decreased. In terms of association with mortality, when participants were grouped into quartiles (Q) by energy-adjusted sodium intake, those in Q2 had a lower risk of all-cause mortality than those in Q1 with lower intakes. The risk of CVD-associated mortality was higher only in females with high sodium intake in Q4 than those in Q1. CONCLUSIONS This nationwide data indicates that, in line with previous studies of multiple cohorts, both low and high sodium intakes may be associated with an increased risk of mortality; therefore, the optimal sodium intake for Koreans needs to be revised.
Globularia anatolica sp. nov. (Globulariaceae) from the Honaz Mountain National Park, southwest Turkey

A new species, Globularia anatolica A. Duran, O. Cetin & M. Ozturk (Globulariaceae) is described and illustrated from southwest Turkey. The species grows on eroded gypsum slopes and in open Pinusbrutia Ten. forest in the Honaz Mountain National Park (C2 Denizli province). It is closely related to G. sintenisii Hausskn. & Wettst. , an endemic species confined to southwest Anatolia. Diagnostic morphological characters of Globularia anatolica are discussed and presented as a key to Turkish Globularia. It is suggested that the new species should be regarded as ‘Critically Endangered’ (CR) according to the IUCN criteria. In addition, the biogeography of the Honaz Mountain is briefly outlined.
Fungitoxic activity of fruit extracts of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels against plant pathogenic fungi Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum

This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of fruits of Syzygium cumini, against the mycelial growth of Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum. The results showed that ethanolic extract at the concentrations of 7.5 and 9 mg/ml completely inhibited the mycelial growth of A. alternata and F. oxysporum, respectively. While the aqueous extract at a highest tested concentration (37.5 mg/ml) exhibited only 27.86 and 37.23% inhibition of mycelial growth of A. alternata and F. oxysporum, respectively. The spore germination assay also showed the complete inhibition of spore germination of A. alternata and F. oxysporum by ethanolic extract at 50 and 60 mg/ml concentrations, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration was recorded as 0.039 and 0.156 mg/ml in ethanolic extract and 20 and 6.25 mg/ml in aqueous extract against A. alternata and F. oxysporum, respectively. Phytochemical analysis also showed the presence of high amount of phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins.
Delegated Decision-Making in Finance

We run an online experiment with 408 finance professionals (money managers) and 550 subjects from the general population in Sweden (clients). We examine drivers of clients' delegation decisions, differences in decision-making quality between both groups, and professionals' ability to implement investment portfolios that suit the clients' risk attitudes. We find that clients' trust in money managers increases the likelihood of delegating their investment decisions, whereas decision-making quality is associated with a decrease. We further show that decision-making quality of finance professionals is not significantly higher compared to their clients' when controlling for risk taking. Finally, we observe high variability among professionals' perception of delegated risk levels and overlaps in portfolio risk across self-reported risk-levels of clients. This finding indicates that communicating risk between clients and professionals constitutes a potential pitfall in delegated investment decisions.
Psychological distress on childhood cancer: a concept analysis

This concept analysis is to clarify the psychological distress in term of pediatric cancer care. The literature review conducted to defining the antecedents, attributes and consequences of psychological distress analysed by Walker and Avent's theory. The finding were different components of antecedents and attributes, while the consequences was only negative.
Interaction of hyperhydricity-preventing Pseudomonas sp. with oregano (Origanum vulgare) and selection of high phenolics and rosmarinic acid-producing clonal lines

Abstract Phenolic metabolites from oregano and related species in the family Lamiaceae are important sources of antimicrobials and antioxidants. The content of phenolic metabolites in oregano and related species are highly variable due to genetic heterogeneity. This genetic heterogeneity is due to the breeding character being influenced by natural cross‐pollination. In order to develop gene pools to improve ingredient quality and quantity genetically uniform shoot‐based clonal lines were isolated using plant tissue culture techniques. Clonal lines were generated from multiple shoots induced by 1 mg/1 benzylaminopurine in standard Murashige and Skoog medium with 3 % sucrose. Under these optimum conditions 7–10 shoots per explant were generated for further clonal propagation or regeneration of plants. Shoot‐inducing hormones like thidiazuron and adenine sulfate did not improve multiple shoot‐forming ability. Individual shoots of several individual clonal lines with each originating from a single heterozygou.
Application of convolutional neural networks for evaluation of disease severity in tomato plant

Abstract For food security in future, precise measurements of disease incidence and severity are crucial for suitable treatments and adopting preventive measures. In this paper, the authors have implemented three well known CNN models, namely, AlexNet, SqueezeNet and Inception V3, for evaluating disease severity in Tomato Late Blight disease. The images utilized were selected from the PlantVillage dataset and separated into three stages (early, middle and end) of disease severity. The CNN architectures were implemented in two different modes, i.e. transfer learning and feature extraction (where the extracted feature set was used to train a multiclass SVM). As compared to the other two networks, AlexNet achieved the highest accuracy in both approaches, 89.69% and 93.4% respectively.
An ensemble feature reduction method for web-attack detection

Abstract There are a large number of features present in benchmark datasets that are used to test and evaluate intrusion detection systems. However, these high dimensional datasets require more computing resources and computation time. Identification of relevant and irrelevant features in high dimensional datasets plays a vital role in intrusion detection. This study proposes an ensemble feature reduction method to identify a reduced feature subset for the classification of web-attack. The ensemble method is based on information gain, correlation, gain ratio, chi-square, and ReliefF. Further, the system uses J48 classifier with a reduced feature subset for the classification of web-attack. The implemented system is tested on the CICIDS 2017 web-attack dataset which produces prominent results in terms of performance with reduced feature subset. Finally, the proposed method is compared with current state-of-the-art systems using J48 with 10-fold cross-validation.
Interspecific competition among Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta and Diatom in response to pulse supply of nitrate

In summer, Cyanobacteria, Chlorococcalesa and Diatom occupy 99% of total phytoplankton biomass in Taihu Lake, China. Nitrogen plays an important role toward shaping that structure of phytoplankton. Three typical species were chosen to investigate the competing relationship among those three phylum by the nitrate dynamic experiments and supply experiments. Five growth parameters of Microcystis aeruginosa, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Cyclotella sp. in Monod, Droop models based on Tilmans’ R* rule were calculated, respectively. The results obtained help in recognising actual waterbloom levels in lakes.
Estimation of Endothelin-1 and Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Some Renal disease

Chronic renal disease is a worldwide public health problem with an increasing incidence, prevalence, poor outcomes, and high cost. A cross-sectional study was carried out in balad city from 10th of November 2018 to 15th of March 2019. The number of patients under study were 60 patients with renal disease (30 acute renal disease and 30 chronic renal disease under hemodialysis). Their ages were between (20-75) years. Patients with acute renal disease were admitted to Balad general hospital and patients with chronic renal disease who admitted to Salahaddin general hospital for hemodialysis. The study included 30 apparently healthy subject as control group. The results showed that the highest mean level of endothelin-1 was found in patients with chronic renal disease (13.15±7.81)pg/ml followed by patients with acute renal disease (1.78±1.49) pg/ml compared with the control group (0.41±0.31) pg/ml. These result were significant higher (P< 0.01). The results showed that the lowest mean level of vitamin D was found in patients with chronic renal disease (14.45±5.92) ng/ml followed by patients with acute renal disease (23.49±13.14) ng/ml compared with the control group (24.02 ±8.22) ng/ml. The results were significant higher than control (P≤0.01). The study showed that patients with acute renal disease were distributed equally to male and female (1:1) while 56.67% of patients with chronic renal disease were males. The conclute from this study that the endothelin elevated in chronic renal disease patients and vitamin D was reduced. http://dx.doi. org/10.25130/tjps.24. 2019.121
The affordances theory in teaching and learning African first additional languages: A case for task-based language teaching

Abstract Multilingual language policies in South Africa aim to promote tolerance and understanding of sociocultural differences and equal access to power. The current common curriculum for learning of all additional languages in South African primary schools presents negative affordances for the acquisition of African languages as second languages. This article proposes that task-based language teaching presents a set of language affordances for young beginner learners that is most conducive for the learning of an additional language in primary schools. The affordances theory in second language learning provides a lens that allows a single-minded focus on relevant issues in a complex and dynamic context. It considers the learning needs and goals of young learners and their teachers, and identifies language affordances in the learning process. The important role of the teacher in matching language teaching activities to individual learner’s needs is recognised and justified in the affordances theory. Task-based language teaching presents a principled and empirically supported instructional approach, allowing a flexible methodology for teachers to achieve learning outcomes in diverse contexts.
Morphology, molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Gonium maiaprilis sp. nov. (Goniaceae, Chlorophyta) from Japan

Hayama M. , Nakada T. , Hamaji T. and Nozaki H. 2010. Morphology, molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Gonium maiaprilis sp. nov. (Goniaceae, Chlorophyta) from Japan. Phycologia 49: 221–234. DOI: 10.2216/09-56.1 The morphology, molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Gonium maiaprilis Hayama et al. sp. nov. (Goniaceae, Chlorophyta) were studied using clonal cultured material originating from Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. This species is similar to G. pectorale O. F. Müller and G. viridistellatum M. Watanabe in having one to three stable pyrenoids in the chloroplasts of eight- or 16-celled vegetative colonies. However, it is distinguished from G. pectorale and G. viridistellatum by the cell arrangement of the eight-celled colonies and from G. pectorale by aplanozygote morphology. Sexual reproduction of G. maiaprilis is heterothallic and isogamous, and the germinating zygote gives rise to a four-cell germ colony. Phylogenetic analyses based on the plastid large subunit of Rubisco genes and sequences for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) (ITS-1, 5.8S rDNA and ITS-2) suggest that G. maiaprilis is separate from other species of Gonium.
Optimization of The Electrospinning Process for Preparation of Nanofibers From Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) (PVA) and Chromolaena odorata L. Extrac (COE)

The Cromaloena odorata (COE) contains phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, steroids that possess diverse therapeutic effects. However, COE has poor solubility in water and poor absorbtion in the body. Incorporation of COE in nanofiber system is a promising way to increase CEO solubility. One of the method to produce nanofiber is electrospinning. The electrospinning process there are three of the most important process parameters are applied flowrate, voltage and TCD. In this study we developed optimized condition for electrospinning process of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/CEO and their characterization. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that modification of flowrate and TCD did not affect the morphology of PVA and COE fiber. However fiber diameter decreased when lower flowrate, higher voltage was applied, and TCD. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) study was conducted to identify possible intermolecular interaction between PVA/COE that has potential application as antimicrobial wound dressing.
Predicting congenital heart disease using machine learning techniques

Abstract A plethora of studies have shown that heart diseases have become the number one killer in the world. Congenital Heart Defect (CHD) is one of the most commonly observed heart defect in an increasing number of newborns. Various research work has been done for CHD detection based on clinical data, however very less work has been with non-clinical data of the patient. Hence in this work, we explore the best suitable approach for non-clinical information, which is prominently no invasive, of the pregnant women in diagnosing the chances of CHD in a child that lives in their womb. For this purpose, a variety of machine learning algorithms including the Naïve Bayes (NB) and the Feedforward Artificial Neural Network (ANN) have been explored. Few relevant researches done previously on the dataset of this problem, used the weighted Support Vector Machine (WSVM) and the weighted Random Forest (WRF) models, however, the state of the art neural network model, used in this paper, significantly improved the CHD detection performance. The results show that the ANN model yields a high accuracy of 99.6% and an impressive weighted accuracy of 90.9% on the selected dataset. Hence it may be strongly suggested to build an ANN-based model for CHD detection in yet to be born babies using such noninvasive nonclinical datasets.
Use Of Urea Deep Placement Technology Among Rice Farmers In Kwara State, North Central Nigeria

Assessing the level farmers’ usage of fertilizer deep placement is important to improve the efficiency of soil nutrient. Extension organisations responsible for the dissemination of the technology will immensely benefit by knowing the level of usage of the technology for future extension programme implementation. In light of this, we examined the use of urea deep placement technology among rice farmers. Frequency count was used to identify rice farmers that use Urea Deep Placement technology and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was employed to determine factors associated to use of the technology. The study found that majority (85.8%) were aware of UDP technology between the year 2012 to 2013 (61.6%) mainly through agricultural extension agents (55%) and fellow farmers (25%). Majority (81.7%) tried it but few (11.7%) adopted it. Labour intensiveness (58.3%) is one of the reasons for non-adoption while the few adopters (10%) adopted because the technology increases productivity. Age of farmers is positively related the use of UDP technology. The study focuses on the use of urea deep placement technology provided by extension services among farmers; however, these farmers may have an interest in other types of fertilizer and methods of application that have not been investigated. The study provides an insight to show the usage of UDP among farmers engaged in rice production as a means to improve the efficiency of soil nutrient.
Using Relative Chlorophyll Meter Values to Determine Nitrogen Application Rates for Corn

Determining specific N fertilization rates to achieve optimal return is difficult. Crop N stress sensing uses the plant as an indicator of N fertilization need and has potential to improve N management. However, for making N rate decisions, a calibrated relationship between measured N stress and optimum N rate is required. Corn (Zea mays L.) plant N stress was determined with a chlorophyll meter (CM) at 102 site-years of N rate trials conducted from 1999-2005 with corn following soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] (SC) and continuous corn (CC). Normalizing CM readings to relative chlorophyll meter (RCM) values reduced variation and improved the calibration of N stress with the nitrogen rate difference (ND) from the economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR). With SC the adjusted R 2 (adjR 2 ) was 0.53 for CM readings and 0.73 for RCM values, and with CC the adjR 2 was 0.57 for CM readings and 0.76 for RCM values. The same statistically significant (P < 0.001) relationship between RCM values and ND was found for both SC and CC, indicating RCM critical values of 0.97 and 0.98, respectively. This indicates the same calibration for N rate determination based on RCM values can be used for both rotations. Evaluation of RCM values at multiple corn growth stages indicated the same relationship to ND at the fifteenth leaf and silking growth stages, suggesting a period of time during mid-to-late vegetative growth to collect CM readings, and make in-season N rate decisions and applications. The calibration of RCM values to the rate differential from optimum N can be used by producers to determine in-season N applications for corn across varying production conditions.
Control of the respiratory mode in air-breathing fishes

The transition from water breathing to air breathing for most bimodally breathing fishes appears to be critically dependent on sensory information from three major sets of peripheral receptors. Dominant control over the respiratory mode arises from stimulation of oxygen-sensitive chemoreceptors. Stimulation of internally oriented chemoreceptors generally increases both aquatic and aerial respiration, while stimulation of external chemoreceptors may shift the ventilatory emphasis from water to air breathing. Air-breathing organ mechanoreceptors may help to reflexively stimulate or inhibit air breathing upon deflation or inflation of the air-breathing organ, and probably play a major role in matching ventilation to perfusion in the air-breathing organ. Waterborne irritants or emersion stimulate defense receptors that may override control priorities set by other receptors, and inhibit branchial ventilation in favor of air breathing. While there is still little detailed information about the distribution and .
Determination of phylogenetic relationships between some wild wheat species using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers

This study reports the molecular characterization, polymorphism, and phylogenetic relationships of Triticum aestivum, T. dicoccoides, T. urartu, and T. monococcum ssp. boeoticum, obtained from different locations in Anatolia, using 33 primer combinations to generate amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) patterns in 31 individual plant samples. The objectives of this work were to estimate the phylogenetic relationships between these species and to investigate the genetic distance as a result of ecological and climatic factors. The origin of the A genome of polyploid wheats is also discussed. Eight hundred and seventy-five AFLP fragments had polymorphic loci, 133 of which were unique to T. monococcum ssp. boeoticum, 66 were unique to T. urartu, and 141 were unique to T. dicoccoides. Analysis using the program POPGENE showed polymorphism levels of T. monococcum ssp. boeoticum, T. urartu, and T. dicoccoides of 42.63, 32.34, and 27.71%, respectively. No correlation between genetic distance and ecological or climatic factors was recorded in this study. Our results support the hypothesis that T. urartu is a diploid ancestor of T. dicoccoides and T. aestivum. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 153, 67–72.
Development of a food frequency questionnaire for dietary intake of preschool children

BACKGROUNDS/OBJECTIVES To describe the data-based development of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for dietary evaluation of Korean preschool children. SUBJECTS/METHODS Development of the FFQ was based on the data from 2,766 preschool children aged 1–5 years, who had completed 24-hour dietary recalls in the 2009–2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We selected the food list based on the results of nutritional contribution and between-person variability for energy and 13 nutrients. We selected 88 foods with over 80% of total contribution to each nutrient and with over 80% of accumulated r2 for each nutrient. A dish containing any of the 88 foods in the recipe was listed, and a total of 903 dishes were extracted. Among the 903 dishes, we selected 438 dishes contributing more than 1% of total consumption. RESULTS FFQ included 116 dish items combined from 438 dishes based on nutrient profile and recipe. Quantities of dietary intake were assessed by nine categories of frequency and portion size option. In addition, when comparing the food portions of children with the reference portion size, subjects would be asked to select one of three response categories (less, similar, and more) and then to record the amount as a percentage for the reference portion. Percentages of coverage for energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate were 89.2%, 88.4%, 88.2%, and 89.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The dietary intake of Korean preschool children can be assessed by this new data-based FFQ. In addition, the new instrument can be used to identify nutritional needs of target groups for planning nutrition education and strategies to improve diet. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the performance of the instrument.