Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Race Detection for Event-Driven Node.js Applications

Node.js has become a widely-used event-driven architecture for server-side and desktop applications. Node.js provides an effective asynchronous event-driven programming model, and supports asynchronous tasks and multi-priority event queues. Unexpected races among events and asynchronous tasks can cause severe consequences. Existing race detection approaches in Node.js applications mainly adopt random fuzzing technique, and can miss races due to large schedule space.In this paper, we propose a dynamic race detection approach NRace for Node.js applications. In NRace, we build precise happens-before relations among events and asynchronous tasks in Node.js applications, which also take multi-priority event queues into consideration. We further develop a predictive race detection technique based on these relations. We evaluate NRace on 10 realworld Node.js applications. The experimental result shows that NRace can precisely detect 6 races, and 5 of them have been confirmed by developers.
Understanding and Detecting Performance Bugs in Markdown Compilers

Markdown compilers are widely used for translating plain Markdown text into formatted text, yet they suffer from performance bugs that cause performance degradation and resource exhaustion. Currently, there is little knowledge and understanding about these performance bugs in the wild. In this work, we first conduct a comprehensive study of known performance bugs in Markdown compilers. We identify that the ways Markdown compilers handle the language’s context-sensitive features are the dominant root cause of performance bugs. To detect unknown performance bugs, we develop MdPerfFuzz, a fuzzing framework with a syntax-tree based mutation strategy to efficiently generate test cases to manifest such bugs. It equips an execution trace similarity algorithm to de-duplicate the bug reports. With MdPerfFuzz, we successfully identified 216 new performance bugs in real-world Markdown compilers and applications. Our work demonstrates that the performance bugs are a common, severe, yet previously overlooked security problem.
A Simulation Study of Hardware Parameters for Future GPU-based HPC Platforms

Compute nodes on high performance computing (HPC) platforms are increasingly equipped with multiple GPUs. This results in increased computational capacity per node, and reduction in the total number of nodes or endpoints in the system. This trend changes the computation and communication balance in comparison to pre-GPU era HPC platforms, which warrants a new study of hardware architectural parameters. In this work, we leverage the end-to-end system simulation capabilities of TraceR-CODES and study the impact of several hardware design parameters on the performance of realistic HPC workloads. We focus on three crucial hardware parameters: (1) number of GPUs per node, (2) network link bandwidth, and (3) network interface controller (NIC) scheduling policies, in the context of two popular network topologies – fat-tree and dragonfly.
The Research on the Train Operation Plan of the Beijing-Tianjin Inter-city Railway Based on Periodic Train Diagrams

The features of the passenger flow,the transportation tasks and the service level of the inter-city railway all differ from those of the existing railway lines.Due to the differences,the train operation plan should adopt the traffic organization mode characterized by periodic train diagrams,because which has such merits as prominent regularity,good flexibility,high efficiency and convenience for passengers to travel.This paper studies the passenger train operation plans based on periodic train diagrams,and considering the profits of the train transportation enterprises and waiting time of passengers,especially the uncertainty of the passenger flow,establishes the chance-constrained model with three specific objectives.Taking the Beijing-Tianjin Inter-city Railway as the background,this chance-constrained model is used to calculate the train operation plan.The calculation demonstrates that,comparing with the single objective model and the determinate model,the multiobjective model reflects facts more reasonably.
Exploring a public client’s control systems in infrastructure projects from a relationship history perspective

Abstract Using a proper control system is vital to ensure that project delivery is satisfactory for the client. Prior research has identified relationship history as a potentially vital contingency factor in organizational control, but there is a lack of research on how relationship history affects how different control systems function in project-based contexts. In the Swedish infrastructure market, increased demand has resulted in a need for increased supply capacity. This has spurred new entrants that have no relationship history with the major client, the Swedish Transport Administration. The purpose is therefore to compare how the client’s control systems function in construction projects with familiar (known to the client) and unfamiliar (new to the client) contractors. The case study involves 32 interviews conducted in six infrastructure projects, three with unfamiliar contractors. Findings show that relationship history heavily influences how the control systems function, especially bureaucratic and clan control. The new contractors are unaccustomed with the client’s extensive use of bureaucratic control and perceive it as less suitable in design-build contracts. Furthermore, the lack of relationship history reduces the opportunity to use clan control from the beginning of a project, due to unfamiliarity with both the client and the control system.
Oxygen saturation after birth in resuscitated neonates in Uganda: a video-based observational study

Background Monitoring of peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) during neonatal resuscitation is standard of care in high-resource settings, but seldom performed in low-resource settings. We aimed to measure SpO2 and heart rate during the first 10 min of life in neonates receiving positive pressure ventilation (PPV) according to the Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) protocol and compare results with SpO2 and heart rate targets set by the American Heart Association (AHA). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, as a substudy of the NeoSupra Trial. SpO2 and heart rate were measured on apnoeic neonates (≥34 weeks) who received PPV according to HBB (room air). Those who remained distressed after PPV received supplemental oxygen (O2). All resuscitations were video recorded and data were extracted by video review at 1 min intervals until 10 min post partum. Data were analysed for all observations and separately for only observations before and during PPV. Results 49 neonates were analysed. Median SpO2 at 5 min (n=39) was 67% (49–88) with 59% of the observations below AHA target of 80%. At 10 min median SpO2 (n=44) was 93% (80–97) and 32% were below AHA target of 85%. When only observations before and during PPV were analysed, median SpO2 at 5 min (n=18) was 52% (34–66) and 83% were below AHA target. At 10 min (n=15), median SpO2 was 72% (57–89) and 67% were below AHA target. Median heart rates were above AHA target of 100 beats/min at all time intervals. Conclusions A high proportion of neonates resuscitated with PPV after birth failed to reach the AHA SpO2 target in this small sample, implying an increased risk of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Further studies in low-resource settings are needed to evaluate baseline data and the need for supplemental O2 and optimal SpO2 during PPV. Trial registration number This is a substudy to the trial ‘Neonatal Resuscitation with Supraglottic Airway Trial (NeoSupra)’; ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03133572).
Academic Members’ Perceptions of Educational Leadership and Perceived Need for Leadership Capacity Building in Chinese Higher Education Institutions

Abstract Universities in China have faced great challenges in the past decade, such as challenges driven by globalization and technological progress. This requires leaders to meet the challenge of change. Little has been written from the perspective of educational leadership in Chinese higher education institutions (HEIs). This study aims to explore academic members’ perceptions of educational leadership and to explore factors contributing to the professional learning and growth of academic members in Chinese HEIs. Through a qualitative study, we explored the perceptions of 12 academic members from eight Chinese universities. The results provide us with a comprehensive conceptualized educational leadership, perceived effective educational leadership, and perceived need for capacity building. The results can be helpful to support sustainable professional development and also for administrators, universities, and policymakers in China in creating the environment and policies that facilitate the implementation of successful educational leadership experiences.
Challenging Behaviors in Children

This study examined whether two facets of preschool children’s home environment, parenting style and parental emotional intelligence, may be risk factors for challenging behaviors among kindergarten children in Arab society in Israel. The author sampled 524 parents of children ages 4 to 5 years who completed questionnaires about their parenting style, emotional intelligence, and their child’s behavior. Teachers also reported on the children’s challenging behaviors to increase reliability. The findings revealed that authoritarian (high demandingness, low warmth) and uninvolved (low demandingness, low warmth) parenting styles and low parental emotional intelligence were associated with greater challenging behaviors in children (both parent and teacher reports). Notably, authoritative (high demandingness, high warmth) parenting style was related to fewer challenging behaviors in children, suggesting that this may be a protective factor for children. The findings broadly parallel prior research across cultures.
Targeting Oxidative Stress as a Therapeutic Approach for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease characterized by an abnormal reepithelialisation, an excessive tissue remodelling and a progressive fibrosis within the alveolar wall that are not due to infection or cancer. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a key molecular process in pulmonary fibrosis development and different components of the redox system are altered in the cellular actors participating in lung fibrosis. To this respect, several activators of the antioxidant machinery and inhibitors of the oxidant species and pathways have been assayed in preclinical in vitro and in vivo models and in different clinical trials. This review discusses the role of oxidative stress in the development and progression of IPF and its underlying mechanisms as well as the evidence of oxidative stress in human IPF. Finally, we analyze the mechanism of action, the efficacy and the current status of different drugs developed to inhibit the oxidative stress as anti-fibrotic therapy in IPF.
Precipitation anomalies in the United States associated with a finer classification of El Niño events

A finer classification of El Niño events is attempted. Each year was examined to check whether it had an El Niño (EN) and or a Southern Oscillation Index SOI minimum (SO) and or warm (W) or cold (C) equatorial eastern Pacific sea surface temperatures (SST). Several years were ENSOW, which were further subdivided into two groups viz. Unambiguous ENSOW where SOI minima and SST maxima were observed in the middle of the calendar year (May-Aug) and Ambiguous ENSOW where these conditions were obtained in the early or late part of the calendar year. Other El Niño events were of the type ENSO; ENW, ENC, EN. Years not having El Niño were of the types SOW, SOC, SO, W, C, the last one (C) containing all Anti-El Niños or La Niñas. For the all India summer monsoon rainfall, Unambiguous ENSOW were overwhelmingly associated with droughts and the cold (C) events with floods. For the rainfall in USA during 1900-90, several regions showed distinct ENSO relationships, but different for different regions. Generally, there were good associations between (i) western USA/Great lakes droughts and ambiguous ENSOW, (ii) midwest/central USA floods and unambiguous ENSOW, (iii) south coastal plain/Gulf coast/eastern/southeastern droughts and both ambiguous and unambiguous ENSOW. La Niñas showed effects mostly opposite to those of unambiguous ENSOW, but not always, especially in the far west. For the same region, ENSO effects were often substantial and different (opposite) for the main rainy season and the pre and or post-rainy season. Many other details are also presented.
War, Bureaucracy, and State Capacity: Evidence from Imperial China

Warfare has been at the center of the analysis of state building. This paper explains why provisional financial strategy, driven by fiscal needs of warfare, impairs state capacity through undermining bureaucratic recruitment process. I exploit an original dataset between 1644 and 1911 in the Imperial China to provide empirical evidence that officials who entered the bureaucracy by purchase were less intrinsically motivated and less capable of mobilizing resources when managing crisis. This focus on bureaucracy as a pillar of state capacity provides an alternative pathway to effective state building, adding to the bellicist theory derived from the history of Western Europe.
Effects of land-use changes on soil respiration

In Brazil, soil use and occupation are largely responsible for greenhouse gas emissions, and one of the ways to monitor disturbances to ecosystems is through edaphic respiration, resulting in root respiration and microorganisms’ activity presented in the soil layers. The study aimed to evaluate edaphic respiration in four land-use systems. The research was carried out in four soil use systems: Forest Remnant Area (F); Agroforestry System (AFS); Mandala (M) and Pasture (P), in the Bananeiras-PB countryside. Three soil samples of each system were collected, at 020 cm depth, for chemical and physical analysis to characterize them. The carbon dioxide was measured using a methodology described by Grisi and the captures of CO2 were analyzed at night and daytime for eight months. A completely randomized design was used in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme. The lower temperatures, during the night, favored a higher CO2 emission; the pasture system and the AFS showed higher CO2 release in two evaluation shifts; the forest remnant area showed less carbon dioxide release. The pasture area, due to its low vegetation cover, and consequently high temperature and low humidity, presented greater carbon release, in contrast, the remaining forest area, due to its greater vegetation cover, and thus lower temperatures and high humidity, presented less CO2 release.
Association of QT interval indices with cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients

Background. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a severely debilitating yet underdiagnosed condition in patients with diabetes mellitus. The prevalence can range from 2.5 % (based on the primary prevention cohort in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial) to as high as 90 % of diabetic patients. Clinical manifestations range from orthostasis to myocardial infarction. The diagnosis is made using multiple autonomic function tests to assess both sympathetic and parasympathetic function. This study was conducted to assess the relationship between Cardiac autonomic neuropathy and QT interval. Material and methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 100 patients attending a tertiary care hospital in India. Deep breathing test, Valsalva ratio, immediate heart rate response to standing 30 : 15, BP rise with sustained hand grip and postural hypotension were evaluated. Scoring was done for cardiac autonomic neuropathy. QT interval and QTc interval were determined and association with CAN was obtained. Results. Out of 100 type 2 diabetic patients, 60 % were males and 40 % were females. 25 patients having no cardiac autonomic neuropathy and had no prolonged QTc interval. While, 75 patients had QTc prolonged were associated with early and severe CAN cardiac autonomic neuropathy. The prolonged QTc was significantly associated with CAN in diabetic patients when compared without CAN and controls (P < 0.0001). The grading score for CAD showed that 75 % cases were having score > 2 were 25 % of cases had score < 2. Out of 75 patients 44 were between score 2–4 and 31 were above score 4. A significant association between QTc and Diabetic CAN patients observed when compared non CAN and controls. Conclusions. Diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy is associated with increase in prolongation of QTc intervals. Hence, there is need for regular checkup of autonomic nervous system in diabetic patient to prevent further complications.
Social Responsibilities Commitment: Study on Mining Companies in Indonesia

This paper aims to portray the social commitments in the sustainability reporting of mining enterprises in Indonesia. This research was using content analysis as a tool of study, by completing throughout symbol coding from the thirty-four social items of Sustainability Reporting of six mining enterprises listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the year 2019. The afterward step is verifying the symbol or message systematically, then constructing the results. The research discoveries that all the companies in this research are committed to the social aspect, with a different emphasis. The greatest social aspect reveals are to commit to occupational-health-and safety. The next important aspect is to improve the life quality of the communities by continuously expanding impacts, following by plan, and apply community encouragement programs that are essential and powerfully impactful. Further, the corporates also give more attention to connect with the nearby communities and create significant changes for well living standards. Meanwhile, this study is qualitative research, it suggested for the upcoming research to develop in quantitative research. Keywords—social responsibility, sustainability reporting, education introduction
Superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass for flow augmentation

In the lecture to follow, we provide an in-depth review of superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass for flow augmentation. We begin with a brief review of the two broad categories of cerebral bypasses as well and the relevant pathologies treated. We then discuss some important landmark trials on the subject of STA-MCA bypass. Next, we focus on patient selection with an emphasis on hemodynamic assessment using non-invasive quantitative imaging methods. Revascularization technique is then described with a corresponding case example and a subsequent discussion on complications and future directions.
Effects of Online Constructivist 5E Instructional Model on Secondary School Music Lessons

In this research, it was aimed to investigate the effect of online 5E instructional model on the 6th grade music lesson of secondary school in terms of students' course achievement, attitude and retention. The research had a pretest-posttest control group, which is one of the semi-experimental models. The research was carried out on 40 students studying in a private secondary school in Turkey in accordance with the purpose of the study. A teaching program based on the online 5E instructional model was developed for the experimental group. For this purpose, an 8-week instruction program was designed. Applications were carried out simultaneously in the experimental and control groups. In the research, secondary school 6th grade music lesson achievement test and attitude scale were used as data collection tools. Mann Whitney U test was applied to compare the scores of the achievement test, attitude scale and retention test of the groups. Significant differences were found between the music lesson posttest and attitude scores of the experimental group that was taught online according to the constructivist 5E model and the control group, which was taught using the traditional teaching method.
Developmental single-cell transcriptomics of hypothalamic POMC neurons reveal the genetic trajectories of multiple neuropeptidergic phenotypes

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus are essential to regulate food intake and energy balance. However, the ontogenetic transcriptional programs that specify the identity and functioning of these neurons are poorly understood. Here, we use single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to define the transcriptomes characterizing Pomc-expressing cells in the developing hypothalamus and translating ribosome affinity purification with RNA-sequencing (TRAP-seq) to analyze the subsequent translatomes of mature POMC neurons. Our data showed that Pomc-expressing neurons give rise to multiple developmental pathways expressing different levels of Pomc and unique combinations of transcription factors. The predominant cluster, featured by high levels of Pomc and Prdm12 transcripts, represents the canonical arcuate POMC neurons. Additional cell clusters expressing medium or low levels of Pomc mature into different neuronal phenotypes featured by distinct sets of transcription factors, neuropeptides, processing enzymes, cell surface, and nuclear receptors. We conclude that the genetic programs specifying the identity and differentiation of arcuate POMC neurons are diverse and generate a heterogeneous repertoire of neuronal phenotypes early in development that continue to mature postnatally.
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia and submersion bradycardia in bottlenose dolphins (<italic>Tursiops truncatus</italic>)

Among the many factors that influence the cardiovascular adjustments of marine mammals is the act of respiration at the surface, which facilitates rapid gas exchange and tissue re-perfusion between dives. We measured heart rate (fH) in six adult male bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) spontaneously breathing at the surface to quantify the relationship between respiration and fH, and compared this with fH during submerged breath-holds. We found that dolphins exhibit a pronounced respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) during surface breathing, resulting in a rapid increase in fH after a breath followed by a gradual decrease over the following 15–20 s to a steady fH that is maintained until the following breath. RSA resulted in a maximum instantaneous fH (ifH) of 87.4±13.6 beats min−1 and a minimum ifH of 56.8±14.8 beats min−1, and the degree of RSA was positively correlated with the inter-breath interval (IBI). The minimum ifH during 2 min submerged breath-holds where dolphins exhibited submersion bradycardia (36.4±9.0 beats min−1) was lower than the minimum ifH observed during an average IBI; however, during IBIs longer than 30 s, the minimum ifH (38.7±10.6 beats min−1) was not significantly different from that during 2 min breath-holds. These results demonstrate that the fH patterns observed during submerged breath-holds are similar to those resulting fromRSAduring anextended IBI. Here, we highlight the importance of RSA in influencing fH variability and emphasize the need to understand its relationship to submersion bradycardia.