Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Convective Activities in the Tropical Western Pacific and Their Impact on the Northern Hemisphere Su

Investigation, a l'aide de la couverture nuageuse vue par satellite, de la TSM (SST) et du geopotentiel, toutes donnees sur 7 ans (1978-84), des variations interannuelle et intrasaisonniere de l'activite convective en ete, dans le Pacifique tropical ouest, ainsi que de l'impact sur la circulation dans l'hemisphere nord. Resultats principaux: lorsque la TSM est plus chaude de 1,0°C que la normale, les regions de convection active (typhons, depressions tropicales) se deplacent vers le NE a partir d'une position normale pres des Philippines jusqu'a 20 N, la couverture nuageuse dans les zones temperee et equatoriale est fortement attenuee; une anomalie de haute p predomine dans la zone temperee (de la Chine est jusqu'au Pacifique nord); l'activite convective est tres modulee par la variation intrasaisonniere; il existe des trains d'ondes de hauteur geopotentielle qui emanent de la source de chaleur qui s'etend des Philippines a l'Amerique du Nord; ils sont generes lorsque l'activite convective dans la mer des Philippines devient intense; en conclusion les ondes de Rossby sont generees par la source de chaleur associee a la variation intrasaisonniere; des anomalies de p en Asie de l'Est peuvent etre considerees comme une consequence de la generation de ces ondes
Contraceptive practices among women of reproductive age in Mbeya, Tanzania

Background: Non-utilisation of contraceptive contribute to unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions, which are major public health problems in Tanzania and sub-Saharan Africa. Our study investigated contributing factors and contraceptive use practices among women of reproductive age in Mbeya, Tanzania. Methods: A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on women attending reproductive and child health clinics. Data obtained included participants’ age, education and other demographic characteristics. Awareness of family planning methods, use, attitudes, advocacy and practices were also recorded. A χ2 test was used to examine the association between selected variables. Results: A total of 217 respondents participated in the study, of which the majority were between the ages of 21 and 26 (mean age = 26.96, standard deviation = 1.37). The majority of the respondents, 157 (72.4%) were married with mostly 1-2 children and had a primary school education or without formal education, 155 (71.4%). 191 (88.0%) respondents had heard about at least one contraceptive for family planning. Injectable was the most known method of family planning, as reported by 158 (72.8%) participants. Awareness about family planning methods and use was significantly associated with educational level (χ2 = 43.01, p = 0.0002). Conclusion: Our study shows awareness and willingness to use family planning methods in Mbeya. Hence, it promotes a better life for families. However, more studies are needed to thoroughly investigate the various reasons affecting some non-utilisation of family planning and how these can be addressed.
Homological Mirror Symmetry: New Developments and Perspectives

Homological Mirror Symmetry, the study of dualities of certain quantum field theories in a mathematically rigorous form, has developed into a flourishing subject on its own over the past years. The present volume bridges a gap in the literature by providing a set of lectures and reviews that both introduce and representatively review the state-of-the art in the field from different perspectives. With contributions by K. Fukaya, M. Herbst, K. Hori, M. Huang, A. Kapustin, L. Katzarkov, A. Klemm, M. Kontsevich, D. Page, S. Quackenbush, E. Sharpe, P. Seidel, I. Smith and Y. Soibelman, this volume will be a reference on the topic for everyone starting to work or actively working on mathematical aspects of quantum field theory.
Lost at starting line: Predicting maladaptation of university freshmen based on educational big data

The transition from secondary education to higher education could be challenging for most freshmen. For students who fail to adjust to university life smoothly, their status may worsen if the university cannot offer timely and proper guidance. Helping students adapt to university life is a long‐term goal for any academic institution. Therefore, understanding the nature of the maladaptation phenomenon and the early prediction of “at‐risk” students are crucial tasks that urgently need to be tackled effectively. This article aims to analyze the relevant factors that affect the maladaptation phenomenon and predict this phenomenon in advance. We develop a prediction framework (MAladaptive STudEnt pRediction, MASTER) for the early prediction of students with maladaptation. First, our framework uses the SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique) algorithm to solve the data label imbalance issue. Moreover, a novel ensemble algorithm, priority forest, is proposed for outputting ranks instead of binary results, which enables us to perform proactive interventions in a prioritized manner where limited education resources are available. Experimental results on real‐world education datasets demonstrate that the MASTER framework outperforms other state‐of‐art methods.
Drivers Of Purchase Intention And Willingness To Pay Microtransactions In Mobile Legends

This study aims to analyze the antecedents of satisfaction and continued use intention and investigate the effects of satisfaction and continued use intention towards Indonesian Mobile Legends players purchase intention and willingness to purchase for microtransactions. The population of this study was Indonesians who has played and purchased virtual items in Mobile Legends by distributing questionnaires to a total of 235 respondents. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. Data was analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results explored the influence of, social value, quality, and economic value having a positive impact on satisfaction and continued use intention except for social value that showed no effect on continued use intention. Satisfaction also influenced continued use intention and willingness to pay while continued use intention affected purchase intention. This study has succeeded in contributing towards research on the variables that influence satisfaction, continued use intention, purchase intention, and willingness to pay.
Analytical approach to the thermal instability of superconducting films under high current densities

Using the Green's function of the 3D heat equation, we develop an analytical account of the thermal behaviour of superconducting films subjected to electrical currents larger than their critical current in the absence of an applied magnetic field. Our model assumes homogeneity of films and current density, and besides thermal coefficients employs parameters obtained by fitting to experimental electrical field - current density characteristics at constant bath temperature. We derive both a tractable dynamic equation for the real temperature of the film up to the supercritical current density J^\ast (the lowest current density inducing transition to the normal state), and a thermal stability criterion that allows prediction of J^\ast . For two typical YBCO films, J^\ast predictions agree with observations to within 5%. These findings strongly support the hypothesis that a current-induced thermal instability is generally the origin of the breakdown of superconductivity under high electrical current densities, at least at temperatures not too far from Tc.
The FORS1 catalogue of stellar magnetic field measurements

The FORS1 instrument on the ESO Very Large Telescope was used to obtain low-resolution circular polarised spectra of nearly a thousand different stars, with the aim of measuring their mean longitudinal magnetic fields. A catalogue of FORS1 magnetic measurements would provide a valuable resource with which to better understand the strengths and limitations of this instrument and of similar low-dispersion, Cassegrain spectropolarimeters. However, FORS1 data reduction has been carried out by a number of different groups using a variety of reduction and analysis techniques. Our understanding of the instrument and our data reduction techniques have both improved over time. A full re-analysis of FORS1 archive data using a consistent and fully documented algorithm would optimise the accuracy and usefulness of a catalogue of field measurements. Based on the ESO FORS pipeline, we have developed a semi-automatic procedure for magnetic field determinations, which includes self-consistent checks for field detection reliability. We have applied our procedure to the full content of circular spectropolarimetric measurements of the FORS1 archive. We have produced a catalogue of spectro-polarimetric observations and magnetic field measurements for about 1400 observations of about 850 different objects. The spectral type of each object has been accurately classified. We have also been able to test different methods for data reduction is a systematic way. The resulting catalogue has been used to produce an estimator for an upper limit to the uncertainty in a field strength measurement of an early type star as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio of the observation. While FORS1 is not necessarily an optimal instrument for the discovery of weak magnetic fields, it is very useful for the systematic study of larger fields, such as those found in Ap/Bp stars and in white dwarfs.
Preheating with the Brakes On: The Effects of a Speed Limit

We study preheating in models where the inflaton has a non-canonical kinetic term, containing powers of the usual kinetic energy. The inflaton field oscillating about its potential minimum acts as a driving force for particle production through parametric resonance. Non-canonical kinetic terms can impose a speed limit on the motion of the inflaton, modifying the oscillating inflaton profile. This has two important effects: it turns a smooth sinusoidal profile into a sharp saw-tooth, enhancing resonance, and it lengthens the period of oscillations, suppressing resonance. We show that the second effect dominates over the first, so that preheating with a non-canonical inflaton field is less efficient than with canonical kinetic terms, and that the expansion of the Universe suppresses resonance even further.
Can inflation be connected to low energy particle physics

It is an interesting question whether low energy degrees of freedom may be responsible for early universe inflation. To examine this, here we present a simple version of Higgs-inflation with minimal coupling to gravity and a quadratic inflationary potential. This quantitatively differs from the popular non-minimally coupled models, although it is qualitatively similar. In all such models, new heavy fields must enter in order for the theory to be well behaved in the UV. We show that in all cases the Higgs self coupling ? must be quite small in order to integrate out the heavy fields and use the resulting low energy effective field theory of the Higgs to describe inflation. For moderately sized ? , the UV completion is required and will, in general, determine the inflationary regime. We discuss the important issue of the arbitrariness of the Lagrangians used in all these setups by presenting a new class of such models, including a supergravity version. This suggests that the inflationary potential is disconnected from low energy physics.
Multiscale Generative Adversarial Network Based on Wavelet Feature Learning for SAR-to-Optical Image Translation

The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system is a kind of active remote sensing, which can be carried on a variety of flight platforms and can observe the Earth under all-day and all-weather conditions, so it has a wide range of applications. However, the interpretation of SAR images is quite challenging and not suitable for nonexperts. In order to enhance the visual effect of SAR images, this article proposes a multiscale generative adversarial network based on wavelet feature learning (WFLM-GAN) to implement the translation from SAR images to optical images; the translated images not only retain the key content of SAR images but also have the style of optical images. The main advantages of this method over the previous SAR-to-optical image translation (S2OIT) methods are given as follows. First, the generator does not learn the mapping from SAR images to optical images directly but learns the mapping from SAR images to wavelet features and then reconstructs the gray-scale images to optimize the content, increasing the mapping relationships and helping to learn more effective features. Second, a multiscale coloring network based on detail learning and style learning is designed to further translate the gray-scale images into optical images, which makes the generated images have an excellent visual effect with details closer to real images. Extensive experiments on SAR image datasets in different regions and seasons demonstrate the superior performance of WFLM-GAN over the baseline algorithms in terms of structural similarity (SSIM), the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), the Frechet inception distance (FID), and the kernel inception distance (KID). Comprehensive ablation studies are also carried out to isolate the validity of each proposed component. Our codes will be available at https://github.com/G2022G/WFLM-GAN.
Determinants of Banking Profitability: The Case of State-Owned Banks Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

Research aims: This study examined the determinants of profitability of state-owned banking companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, including Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Operating Costs and Operating Income (OCOI), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Non-Performing Loan (NPL). Design/Methodology/Approach: This study is quantitative research with a type of exploratory. The population in this study was all state-owned banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2012-2018 and used the saturated sample technique, or the entire population was taken as a sample. The data analysis method employed in this study was a panel data regression model (a combination of time series and cross section) utilizing the EViews 9.Research findings: The results in this study revealed that the CAR and OCOI had a negative effect on bank profitability as proxied by ROA. Meanwhile, LDR and NPL did not affect the profitability of state-owned banks.Theoretical contribution/Originality: The research contributes to the literature and practice. Practically, these results can be used for management to maintain the banking system's internal condition in pursuing profitability.
A NEW ELECTRON-DENSITY MODEL FOR ESTIMATION OF PULSAR AND FRB DISTANCES

We present a new model for the distribution of free electrons in the Galaxy, the Magellanic Clouds, and the intergalactic medium (IGM) that can be used to estimate distances to real or simulated pulsars and fast radio bursts (FRBs) based on their dispersion measure (DM). The Galactic model has an extended thick disk representing the so-called warm interstellar medium, a thin disk representing the Galactic molecular ring, spiral arms based on a recent fit to Galactic H ii regions, a Galactic Center disk, and seven local features including the Gum Nebula, Galactic Loop I, and the Local Bubble. An offset of the Sun from the Galactic plane and a warp of the outer Galactic disk are included in the model. Parameters of the Galactic model are determined by fitting to 189 pulsars with independently determined distances and DMs. Simple models are used for the Magellanic Clouds and the IGM. Galactic model distances are within the uncertainty range for 86 of the 189 independently determined distances and within 20% of the nearest limit for a further 38 pulsars. We estimate that 95% of predicted Galactic pulsar distances will have a relative error of less than a factor of 0.9. The predictions of YMW16 are compared to those of the TC93 and NE2001 models showing that YMW16 performs significantly better on all measures. Timescales for pulse broadening due to interstellar scattering are estimated for (real or simulated) Galactic and Magellanic Cloud pulsars and FRBs.
Environmental Modulation of Mechanical and Thermodynamic Forcing from Cold Pool Collisions

Cold pools can initiate new convection by increasing vertical velocity (mechanical forcing) and locally enhancing moisture content (thermodynamic forcing). This study investigates the impact of the environment on mechanical and thermodynamic forcing from cold pool collisions. An ensemble of high-resolution numerical simulations was conducted which tested the sensitivity of cold pool collisions to three parameters: (1) the initial temperature deficit of cold pools, (2) the initial distance between cold pools, and (3) the static stability and moisture content of the environment. These parameters are tested in the absence of condensation, surface fluxes, radiation, and wind shear. Colder initial cold pools increase mechanical and thermodynamic forcing owing to greater horizontal winds during collisions. For all environments tested, mechanical forcing peaked robustly at an optimal initial distance between the cold pools due to a balance between the creation and dissipation of kinetic energy, and the different phases of density current evolution. Thermodynamic forcing peaked for greater initial cold pool distances than those associated with mechanical forcing. Decreased low-level static stability and an increased vertical gradient in low-level moisture enhanced mechanical and thermodynamic forcing, respectively. It is also shown that the initial temperature deficit had the greatest impact on mechanical and thermodynamic forcing, followed by the environment, and finally the initial separation distance. Finally, cold pool collisions are classified as “mechanically strong” or “mechanically weak”, where mechanically strong collisions increased mechanical forcing beyond that driven by the initial outward spreading of the cold pools. An analogous classification of “thermodynamically strong/weak” is also presented.
Modelling the clustering of dark matter haloes in resummed perturbation theories

We address the issue of the cosmological bias between matter and galaxy distributions, looking at dark matter haloes as a first step to characterize galaxy clustering. Starting from the linear density field at high redshift, we follow the centre-of-mass trajectory of the material that will form each halo at late times (protohalo). We adopt a fluid-like description for the evolution of perturbations in the protohalo distribution, which is coupled to the matter density field via gravity. We present analytical solutions for the density and velocity fields, in the context of renormalized perturbation theory. We start from the linear solution, then compute one-loop corrections for the propagator and the power spectrum. Finally, we analytically resum the propagator, and we use a suitable extension of the time-renormalization-group method to resum the power spectrum. For halo masses M < 1014 h−1 M⊙, our results at z= 0 are in good agreement with N-body simulations. Our model is able to predict the halo–matter cross-spectrum with an accuracy of 5 per cent up to k≈ 0.1 h Mpc−1 approaching the requirements of future galaxy redshift surveys.
Discrimination and Exclusion in Higher Education Is Reflected in Multiple Autoethnographies

A synthesis review of 17 autoethnographic (AE) studies revealed experiences of 33 academic staff and graduate students in higher education, the majority of whom are women. These papers, from more than six countries, were found through a Google Scholar search. Most authors identified as marginalised and outsiders in their higher education contexts, whether because of gender, ethnicity, race, or intersectionality. Analysis of tacit and explicit themes in the papers resulted in creation of eight final superordinate themes. The themes represent experiences of fear and insecurity whereby personal vulnerability was exacerbated by lack of cultural and gender awareness in higher education, including obvious examples of White ignorance. Institutional diversity was claimed, but this contrasted with authors’ experiences of exclusionary behaviour. Authors reported endemic racism and sexism, but that it was helpful when institutions provided support for these challenges. AE gives power, volume, and space to rarely heard minority voices. AE synthesis offers an overview of collective experience of similar phenomena or contexts. Such meta-studies are not common in the research literature, and this article provides both evidence of lived experiences of academic staff in 21st century higher education, and a purposeful guide to synthesizing AE research.
On the ergodic properties of the specrum of general random operators.

In this paper we investigate some general ergodic properties of the spectrum of random selfadjoint operators Ηω on a separable Hubert space, where ω is a point of a probability space (Ω, ̂ , P). Typical examples are the Schr dinger operators with a random potential describing unordered Systems both in solid state physics and in the theory of liquids (see e.g. [8], [4], [15], [2], [14] for the physical literature).
Ram pressure drag – the effects of ram pressure on dark matter and stellar disc dynamics

We investigate the effects of ram pressure stripping on gas-rich disc galaxies in the cluster environment. Ram pressure stripping principally affects the atomic gas in disc galaxies, stripping away outer disc gas to a truncation radius. We demonstrate that the drag force exerted on truncated gas discs is passed to the stellar disc, and surrounding dark matter through their mutual gravity. Using a toy model of ram pressure stripping, we show that this can drag a stellar disc and dark matter cusp off centre within its dark matter halo by several kiloparsecs. We present a simple analytical description of this process that predicts the drag force strength and its dependency on ram pressures and disc galaxy properties to first order. The motion of the disc can result in temporary deformation of the stellar disc. However, we demonstrate that the key source of stellar disc heating is the removal of the gas potential from within the disc. This can result in disc thickening by approximately a factor of 2 in gas-rich discs.
Probiotic coffee ice cream as an innovative functional dairy food

Coffee ice cream is one of the best options when we're looking for a caffeinated dessert with a desirable taste and health bene�ts. In this study, the use of concentrated coffee extract (CCE) in ice cream production as an innovative functional dairy food was evaluated. The most abundant phenolic component in CCE was chlorogenic acid, with 7.39 mg/mL, followed by pyrocatecol, naringin, gallic acid, and catechin. Folic acid, with 4.67 mg/mL, was the most abundant B-complex vitamins in CCE, followed by thiamin and ribo�avin. CCF also showed antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi. Ice cream formulated with 3% CCE showed higher overrun (41.76%), fat destabilization (15.14%), and melting rate (1.19 g/min) than that formulated with 5% CCE and control ice cream. Adding probiotic bacteria B. breve Bb-12 and L. plantaru enhanced the viscosity of the mixture, as well as the overrun and melting rate of the �nal ice cream. However, adding CCE to ice cream had no effect on survival of probiotic bacteria during storage at –20°C when compared to control ice cream. CCE-containing ice creams showed higher antioxidant activity against the DPPH and ABTS radicals, with the increase proportionate to the amount of CCE. Ice cream with 3% CCE had a favorable brown color, less bitterness, the desired coffee �avor, and a smoother texture than ice cream with 5% CCE.