Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The practice of responsible research and innovation in “climate engineering”

Sunlight reflection and carbon removal proposals for “climate engineering” (CE) confront governance challenges that many emerging technologies face: their futures are uncertain, and by the time one can discern their shape or impacts, vested interests may block regulation, and publics are often left out of decision‐making about them. In response to these challenges, “responsible research and innovation” (RRI) has emerged as a framework to critique and correct for technocratic governance of emerging technologies, and CE has emerged as a prime case of where it can be helpfully applied. However, a critical lens is rarely applied to RRI itself. In this review, we first survey how RRI thinking has already been applied to both carbon removal and sunlight reflection methods for climate intervention. We examine how RRI is employed in four types of activities: Assessment processes and reports, principles and protocols for research governance, critical mappings of research, and deliberative and futuring engagements. Drawing upon this review, we identify tensions in RRI practice, including whether RRI forms or informs choices, the positionalities of RRI practitioners, and ways in which RRI activities enable or disable particular climate interventions. Finally, we recommend that RRI should situate CE within the long arc of sociotechnical proposals for addressing climate change, more actively connect interrogations of the knowledge economy with reparative engagements, include local or actor‐specific contexts, design authoritative assessments grounded in RRI, and go beyond treating critique and engagement as “de facto” governance.
Newborn Screening for CF across the Globe—Where Is It Worthwhile?

Newborn screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF) has been performed in many countries for as long as four decades and has transformed the routine method for diagnosing this genetic disease and improved the quality and quantity of life for people with this potentially fatal disorder. Each region has typically undertaken CF NBS after analysis of the advantages, costs, and challenges, particularly regarding the relationship of benefits to risks. The very fact that all regions that began screening for CF have continued their programs implies that public health and clinical leaders consider early diagnosis through screening to be worthwhile. Currently, many regions where CF NBS has not yet been introduced are considering options and in some situations negotiating with healthcare authorities as policy and economic factors are being debated. To consider the assigned question (where is it worthwhile? ), we have completed a worldwide analysis of data and factors that should be considered when CF NBS is being contemplated. This article describes the lessons learned from the journey toward universal screening wherever CF is prevalent and an analytical framework for application in those undecided regions. In fact, the lessons learned provide insights about what is necessary to make CF NBS worthwhile.
Accommodative dynamics and attention: the influence of manipulating attentional capacity on accommodative lag and variability

There is evidence that attention can modulate ocular dynamics, but its effects on accommodative dynamics have yet to be fully determined. We investigated the effects of manipulating the capacity to focus on task‐relevant stimuli, using two levels of dual‐tasking (arithmetic task) and auditory feedback, on the accommodative dynamics at three different target distances (500, 40 and 20 cm).
Total hip replacement using MINIMA® short stem: A short-term follow-up study.

BACKGROUND Total hip replacement has become one of the most successful orthopaedic procedures. The length of the femoral stem constitutes one of the most important geometrical and mechanical features of the prosthesis. Several different implants are currently available but data are limited concerning the clinical results for some of these implants. AIM To report the short-term clinical and radiological results of a novel squared section, tapered design - with four conicity - short stem in total hip replacement. METHODS This is a retrospective study of a prospectively collected data using of MINIMA® short stem in 61 consecutive patients with at least 1 year follow-up. The collected data included patients' demographics, type of arthritis, bone morphology, perioperative data, clinical results using Harris Hip Score, EuroQol (EQ-5D), pain score and satisfaction rate, complications and radiological results. RESULTS Total 61 patients were included in our study with a mean age of 56 years of age (range 25-73 years). The majority of them (68.6%) were women, thirty seven patients (56.9%) were less than 60 years of age and almost half of patients (45.1%) suffered from secondary osteoarthritis (hip dysplasia, osteonecrosis, etc.). The mean time of follow-up examination was 33.4 mo (2.8 years) with a range of 12-57 months (1-4.8 years). In 35 patients (56.9%) the follow-up examination was more than 3 years. No major complications such as revision, periprosthetic fracture, dislocation or infection were presented. Re-admission 90 d postoperatively or laterwas deemed unnecessary for any reason regarding the operation. Respectively, the mean pain score, mean Harris hip score, and mean EQ-5D were improved from 6.3, 58.7 and 77.3 preoperatively to 0.1, 95.1, and 79.8 postoperatively. The Satisfaction rate at the final follow-up was 9.9 (SD 0.3, range 8.0-10.0). All stems were classified as stable bone ingrowth and no radiolucent lineswere revealed in any of the modified Gruens' zone at the postoperative X-rays. Stem subsidence was within acceptable limits and the incidence of distal cortical hypertrophy was relatively low. CONCLUSION The clinical and radiological results concerning the MINIMA® short stem are excellent according to this first report of this specific design of the short femoral stems. Because of the small number of cases and short-term follow-up of this study, a longer follow up time and more patients' enrollment is required.
The Influence of Technology Readiness on Use Intention toward Information System

: A Multiple Media Kiosk (MMK) not only saves lots of cost for organization, but plays a role in innovating of self-service technology (SST). This research wanted to find factors of improving user intention in MMK by studying MMK in convenience stores in Taiwan, making more innovations in SST will come true in the future. This study used Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explain the behavior of using MMK, in the meantime, we premised that user experience to the internet service and the acceptance to the application of the new technology could also affect it in the multichannel and multimedia retailing environment. So we used two dimensions, Interactive and Technology Readiness, to describe above circumstances and made assumption that these two dimensions could be the external variable of TAM. Final, confirming these relations by SEM was our research method in statistic. After analyzing data from Online-survey by AMOS, the results indicated that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use (two factors in TAM) were significant influence on the behavior of using MMK, moreover, Technology Readiness also could be antecedent variable to the TAM. But, as moderator, Interactive did not have the interaction effect in this research. Therefore, the conclusion implies that maybe it is a good idea to corporations who try to improve their usage in MMK via developing the mobile channel.
Colonization of roots and growth stimulation of cucumber by iprodione-resistant isolates of Trichoderma spp. applied alone and combined with fungicides.

The ability of Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride iprodione-resistant mutants to colonize cucumber root system was examined and their effect on plant biomass production was assessed, as well as their efficiency in pathogen control when applied alone or combined with fungicides (iprodione or propamocarb). The dosages which inhibited the radial growth of tested mutants by 50% (ID50) ranged from 26 to 821 g/ml of iprodione and from 389 to 1824 g/ml of propamocarb hydrochloride. For mutant types, the calculated ID50 values were 90–40 times higher for iprodione and propamocarb hydrochloride, respectively, than for wild types. After introduction of Trichoderma spp. isolates into the soil substrate an increase in dry biomass production of cucumber plants occurred. Plant growth stimulation was associated with improved colonization of the root systems by Trichoderma isolates. The best colonizers occupied the root systems in the range from 227 to 1159 cfu per 1 g. They also stimulated their growth by 41–106%. A synergistic effect was noticed in the case of reduction of the number of cfu of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusarium culmorum on roots after combined application of iprodione or propamocarb with tested iprodione-resistant mutants.
The Effectiveness of Using Multisensory Approach in Enhancing Achievement and Retention of English Vocabulary Amongst Intermediate Female Students with EFL Learning Disabilities

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of using multisensory approach in enhancing the achievement and retention of English language vocabulary amongst intermediate stage female students with EFL learning disabilities. A quasi-experimental model was adopted as an experimental methodology where a standardized intelligence test (R.Cattel IQ scale) and a researcher –prepared vocabulary achievement test were used as research tools. The subjects (N = 116) were selected from two intermediate schools in Taif. A criterion was applied to select students with learning disabilities. The sample was divided randomly into two groups: control and experimental. Both groups were pre-tested to assure that they were equivalent. The control group (N=10) were taught through traditional method, while the experimental group(N=12) were taught through multisensory approach during the first term of the school year(1435-1436H). The experiment lasted for six weeks, then the vocabulary achievement was applied. One month later, the VAT delayed test was applied. In order to process the results of the study groups statistically, the researcher used the computerized program: Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Mann-Whitney U Test, normal distribution Z, Wilcoxon signed ranks test and effect size of Wilcoxon were used in this study. Results revealed that multisensory approach had a positive effect on vocabulary achievement and retention of the students with learning disability. Keywords : Multisensory Approach, EFL, Learning Disabilities, English Vocabulary, KSA. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-9-17 Publication date: March 31 st 2020
The mixology of precursory strain partitioning approaching brittle failure in rocks

We examine the strain accumulation and localization process throughout 12 triaxial compression experiments on six rock types deformed in an X-ray transparent apparatus. In each experiment, we acquire 50–100 tomograms of rock samples at differential stress steps during loading, revealing the evolving 3-D distribution of X-ray absorption contrasts, indicative of density. Using digital volume correlation (DVC) of pairs of tomograms, we build time-series of 3-D incremental strain tensor fields as the rocks are deformed towards failure. The Pearson correlation coefficients between components of the local incremental strain tensor at each stress step indicate that the correlation strength between pairs of local strain components, including dilation, contraction and shear strain, are moderate-strong in 11 of 12 experiments. In addition, changes in the local strain components from one DVC calculation to the next show differences in the correlations between pairs of strain components. In particular, the correlation of the local changes in dilation and shear strain tends to be stronger than the correlation of changes in dilation-contraction and contraction-shear strain. In 11 of 12 experiments, the most volumetrically frequent mode of strain accommodation includes a synchronized increase in multiple strain components. Early in loading, under lower differential stress, the most frequent strain accumulation mode involves the paired increase in dilation and contraction at neighbouring locations. Under higher differential stress, the most frequent mode is the paired increase in dilation and shear strain. This mode is also the first or second most frequent throughout each complete experiment. Tracking the mean values of the strain components in the sample and the volume of rock that each component occupies reveals fundamental differences in the nature of strain accumulation and localization between the volumetric and shear strain modes. As the dilative strain increases in magnitude throughout loading, it tends to occupy larger volumes within the rock sample and thus delocalizes. In contrast, the increasing shear strain components (left- or right-lateral) do not necessarily occupy larger volumes and so involve localization. Consistent with these evolutions, the correlation length of the dilatational strains tends to increase by the largest amounts of the strain components from lower to higher differential stress. In contrast, the correlation length of the shear strains does not consistently increase or decrease with increasing differential stress.
How Much Energy Efficient are Renewable Energy Sources Cooperatives’ Initiatives?

In this paper is provided a systematic, in-depth, behavioral analysis of renewable energy sources cooperatives’ members. The analysis proved that in, on hand, there was a noticeable difference in the portion of affection of each proposed intervention on the actual energy consumption, which may be to even ten times more in some cases, and on the other hand, the difference in energy consumption between the analyzed groups was noticeable as well. So, implementing energy efficiency interventions of various types, such as technical support, special tariffs, energy generation schemes, and smart meters, seems to lead to substantial energy reductions to even more than 10%, cumulatively, and reduces the environmental footprint. Additionally, the majority of energy efficiency interventions applied by the renewable energy sources cooperatives are proved to be effective in achieving their primary goal, sensitizing members, and leading them to a more efficient energy consumption behavior (“greener”). The results of the analysis showed that each proposed intervention had played a different but nonetheless significant role in the diminishing of the energy consumption of the members and that there was a noticeable difference in energy consumption between the analyzed groups. The results of the analysis demonstrated more than 22 GWh totally in green consumption, and almost 4500 tons of CO2 saved.
The association between heart failure and incident cancer in women: an analysis of the Women's Health Initiative

There is conflicting evidence whether heart failure (HF) is a risk factor for incident cancer. Despite population‐based cohorts demonstrating this association, an analysis of the Physician's Health Study found no association in a cohort of mostly healthy males. We investigated the association of HF with incident cancer among a large cohort of post‐menopausal women.
Electronic Peer Feedback, EFL Academic Writing and Reflective Thinking: Evidence From a Confucian Context

Electronic peer feedback (e-PF) has offered a number of benefits to English as a foreign language (EFL) students’ academic writing competence and reflective thinking. However, little research has been conducted to examine whether e-PF can be incorporated in Confucian heritage culture (CHC) contexts. With a sample of 40 Vietnamese university students, the purpose of this study was threefold: (a) to explore whether e-PF improved students’ global and local features of EFL academic writing; (b) to investigate whether e-PF provoked students’ reflective thinking; and (c) to determine whether the two core principles of Confucian values, namely, the concept of face and power distance influenced the implementation of e-PF. Data were collected through pre- and post-questionnaires, e-PF content, and reflective logs. The qualitative and quantitative results showed that e-PF improved the quality of global and local writing aspects. Using e-PF also espoused both e-PF providers and receivers to develop reflective thinking by heightening their cognitive processes. Students were found to overcome the Confucian cultural barriers to get engaged in giving and receiving critique from their peers. The study, therefore, adds to the existing knowledge about the significance of e-PF in improving students’ writing skills and nurturing reflective thinking in CHC cultures.
BRIEF COMMUNICATION: Performance of lambs exposed to a desensitising regime prior to infection with Trichostrongylus colubriformis

Enhancing the immune response of lambs against the gastrointestinal nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis through vaccination has been previously investigated (Windon et al. 1984; Douch 1989; McClure 2009). However, the majority of production loss from this parasite species in sheep has been attributed to components of the immune response (Greer et al. 2005). As such, manipulation of the host immune response through desensitisation may provide a novel method of reducing production loss associated with infection. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the ability of a desensitising regime with parasite antigens to reduce the production cost associated with Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection in lambs.
Combustion of rich hydrogen–air mixture stabilised near a cylindrical porous burner

In this paper, the effect of geometry on the dynamics of the hydrogen–air flame stabilised on the surface of a burner is investigated numerically. Two main regimes of combustion front stabilisation near the cylindrical burner: attached and detached flames are investigated and compared to the planar case. The neutral stability boundary for diffusive-thermal instability is studied in detail. The attached flame regime is characterised by the fact that for rich mixture compositions the flame becomes less stable in comparison to the combustion front stabilised near a planar burner. The detached flame regime is influenced by the divergent outflow, which significantly perturbs the flow field in the product regions of the flame. In contrast to the detached regime in the attached regime curvature stabilises the flame front. The flame properties investigated in this study are extremely sensitive to chemical kinetic models. The results and observations made can be used to support experimental design to set-up experiments for additional validation of detailed mechanisms of chemical reactions.
Breeding ecology of Artic tern (Sterna paradisaea) and common tern (Sterna hirundo)

Seabird breeding populations have been experiencing change over the last 40 years with low reproductive success being associated with poor foraging conditions. A comparison of the breeding ecology of Arctic and Common Terns showed significant differences in reproductive strategy and output associated with differences in their sensitivities to changing conditions. Both clutch size and productivity were consistently lower in Arctic Terns than Common Terns. Chicks of both species hatched asynchronously with mortality increasing down the brood hierarchy. Younger sibling survival was impacted both by seasonal conditions and by elder sibling survival, although to varying degrees depending on species and hatching order. Arctic Terns foraged at a higher rate but on less energy rich prey and on a less varied diet. Both species increased provisioning and decreased parental attendance at the nest as chicks grew older, corresponding with the changes in chicks’ thermoregulatory abilities and energy requirements. Provisioning of chicks was primarily increased by selection of higher energy prey rather than through increased provisioning rate. Diurnal rhythms in either provisioning rate or diet were seen in both species, primarily associated with changing behaviour of prey fish. Temperature and precipitation affected provisioning, but adults maintained energy delivery to chicks. Increase in wind speed negatively impacted chick provisioning despite increased foraging effort. Chick mortality was linked to weather and feeding conditions, with high mortality linked to windy conditions and low provisioning. Yearly differences in productivity and chick mortality were associated with provisioning, and low parental attendance indicated poor foraging conditions. The reproductive output of both species is sensitive to declining foraging conditions and increased severity of weather conditions. The data implies that the sensitivity of Arctic Terns is greater than that of Common Terns, and that conditions around Coquet Island are sub-optimal for Arctic Tern breeding.
Proposing the new parclo progressA design as a substitute for the conventional partial cloverleaf A interchanges

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a new design called a partial cloverleaf progressA (parclo progressA) which could be considered as a substitute for failing conventional parclo A interchanges. Over 200 VISSIM simulation tests were conducted to make a comparison between the new parclo progressA and the conventional parclo A in terms of traffic operation. Also, the same tests were conducted in the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model to evaluate the safety performance of the designs. According to the results, the parclo progressA performed better than the conventional parclo A in terms of both traffic operation and traffic safety. The mean travel time in the parclo progressA with 2-phase signlas was significantly lower than the parclo A, especially when there are high turning traffic demands. Regarding the safety performance, the parclo progressA had about 25% fewer simulated conflict interactions compared to the parclo A with dual left turn lanes from the off-ramps.
Effect of Degree of Sanitation From Slaughter Through Fabrication on the Microbiological and Sensory Characteristics of Beef.

Steers were slaughtered, dressed, and fabricated using conventional procedures or strict sanitary procedures. Strict sanitary procedures involved antemortem washing of steers, use of disposable gloves, careful handling of carcasses to prevent cross-contamination, and spraying of carcasses with hot (55°C) 1% L-lactic acid before evisceration and before entering the chill cooler. Mean aerobic plate counts (APC, log10/cm2) of carcasses slaughtered under strict sanitary conditions and of subprimals (boneless strip loins and ribs) from animals handled under strict sanitary conditions and stored at 1°C in high-oxygen barrier (HOB) film (0 to 80 d) were lower than those of carcasses and subprimals from animals slaughtered and fabricated using conventional procedures. In most cases, APCs of steaks displayed in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film for 0 to 6 d from animals and subprimals handled under strict conditions were lower than those of steaks from animals and subprimals handled under conventional procedures. Bacillus spp. , Micrococcus spp. , and yeasts were the dominant (50% or more of microflora) microbial types on carcasses that were slaughtered and dressed using strict sanitary conditions. For carcasses slaughtered using conventional procedures, Micrococcus spp. and to a lesser extent Streptococcus , coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and/or coryneform bacteria were the dominant microbial types. After 20 d of storage, there were no consistent differences in the percentage distribution of microbial types on the two groups of subprimals. Lactobacilli dominated the microflora of subprimals at that time. When scores for lean color, surface discoloration, fat color, overall appearance, and odor of steaks from subprimals handled under strict sanitary conditions were significantly different (P<0.05) from controls, treated steaks were more desirable than those of comparable steaks from control subprimals.