Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decolouration of H 2 SO 4 leachate from phosphorus-saturated 5 alum sludge using H 2 O 2 and advanced oxidation processes in 6 phosphorus recovery strategy

2---ABSTRACT 24 As a part of attempt for phosphorus (P) recovery from P-saturated alum sludge, which was 25 used as a low-cost P-adsorbent in treatment reed bed for wastewater treatment, decolouration 26 of H 2 SO 4 leachate obtained from previous experiment, possessing a great deal of P, aluminum 27 and red-brown coloured materials (RBCMs), by using H 2 O 2 and advanced oxidation processes 28 (AOPs) was investigated. The use of H 2 O 2 and AOPs in the forms of Fenton (H 2 O 2 /Fe 2+ ) and 29 photo-Fenton (UV/H 2 O 2 /Fe 2+ ) were tested. The changes in colour and total organic carbon 30 (TOC) were taken place as a result of mineralization of RBCMs. The results revealed that all of 31 these three processes examined were efficient. It was found that about 98 % colour and 47 % 32 TOC can be removed under photo-Fenton treatment after 8 hours of UV irradiation. 33 Correspondingly, the reaction rates of H 2 O 2 and Fenton systems were slow, but 100 % colour 34 and 59 % TOC removal of H 2 O 2 process and 100 % colour and 67 % TOC reductions of 35 Fenton process can be achieved after 72 hours of reaction. The changes of structure and 36 molecular weight/size of RBCMs were also evaluated by HPLC and UV-vis spectroscopic 37 analysis. From the results, some chromophores of RBCMs such as aromatic groups were 38 appeared to be easily degraded to the smaller refractory components. Hence, based on the 39 experimental results and considering the investment and expediency of operation, H 2 O 2 and 40 Fenton oxidation could be suitable technologies for the treatment of the RBCMs derived from 41 P-extraction stage by using H 2 SO 4 leaching.
KIR B haplotype donors confer a reduced risk of relapse after haploidentical transplantation in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

We analyzed the influence of donor killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene haplotypes on the risk of relapse and probability of event-free survival (EFS) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who received HLA-haploidentical transplantation of ex vivo T-cell depleted peripheral blood stem cells. The KIR gene haplotype was evaluated in 85 donors and the KIR B-content score was determined in the 63 KIR haplotype-B donors. Patients transplanted from a KIR haplotype-B donor had a significantly better EFS than those transplanted from a KIR A-donor (50.6% versus 29.5%, respectively, p=0.033). Moreover, a high donor KIR B-content score was associated with a significantly reduced risk of relapse (Log-rank test for trend p=0.026). These data indicate that KIR genotyping should be included in the donor selection algorithm for haploidentical transplantation in children with ALL with the aim of choosing, whenever possible, a KIR haplotype-B donor with a high KIR B-content score. score can further be established 8 , based on the number of Centromeric (Cen) and Telomeric (Tel) KIR B haplotype motifs. Cooley et al. recently reported a reduced relapse risk in adults with AML, but not in those with ALL, given allogeneic HSCT from unrelated KIR haplotype-B donors 8 . In that study, a reduced risk of relapse was also found for patients whose donor had an increased number of Cen and Tel KIR haplotype-B motifs. The influence of KIR haplotypes on outcome of children with ALL given haploidentical HSCT still to determine the KIR profiles of donors for 85 children with high-risk or chemotherapy-refractory ALL given T-cell depleted haploidentical HSCT and analyzed their impact on outcome.
Decision making under deep uncertainties: A review of the applicability of methods in practice Technological Forecasting & Social Change

Deep uncertainties like environmental and socio-economic changes create challenges to decision making. De- cision Making under Deep Uncertainty (DMDU) methods are recognised approaches to navigate deep uncertainties and support robust and adaptable decisions. However, their ability to fully reflect the context in which these decisions are made has been criticised. This paper presents a synthesis across cases and methods to provide a holistic understanding of the application of DMDU methods to support long-term decision making. We carried out a structured literature review and analysed 37 infrastructure DMDU case studies. The analysis shows that DMDU methods are effective at developing plans to address a range of deep uncertainties and in some cases, reflecting the institutional context of the decision. However, they largely overlook the organisational and individual contexts in which decision making happens. We argue that the use of existing DMDU methods in practice should start with a better understanding of the institutional, organisational and individual contexts. We then suggest modifications to the applications of DMDU methods, i.e. internalising the context at different stages of the decision-making process and developing a decision typology to signpost decision makers to the best approach for a specific context.
Strategic placement of localization devices (such as pilot points and anchors) in inverse modeling schemes

Localization schemes using devices such as pilot points or anchors (localization devices) are used in inversion schemes as a tool for gleaning information from measurements that can be used to constrain inversion schemes with the added benefit in the form of a potential for reduction in the number of parameters employed in the inversion scheme. This paper proposes and demonstrates a method for strategic placement of the localization devices. The method combines stochastic singular value decomposition with parameter rejection methods to produce a map of “intensity” scores which allows the inverse modeler to place the localization devices at locations defined by their probability for producing informative, probabilistic constraints on the statistical distributions of the target variables. We also show that the method can be used for selecting measurement locations when designing data acquisition campaigns. The method is demonstrated for the case of steady state flow in a heterogeneous conductivity field using MAD (method of anchored distributions). In summary, the proposed localization scheme intends to increase the information gleaned from measurements while reducing the associated computational costs associated with stochastic inversion.
Control of Fire in the Paleolithic: Evaluating the Cooking Hypothesis

) Except when accessing global markets of domesticated food species, Homo sapiens is biologically committed to a cooked diet. Since cooked diets have large physiological and behavioral consequences a critical question for understanding human evolution is when the adaptive obligation to use fire developed. Archaeological evidence of fire use is scarce prior to ~400 ka, which suggests to some that the commitment to fire must have arisen in the mid-Pleistocene or later. However weak jaws and small teeth make all proposals for a raw diet of early Pleistocene Homo problematic. Furthermore the mid-Pleistocene anatomical changes seem too small to explain the substantial impact expected from the development of cooking. Here I explore these and other problems. At the present time no solution is satisfactory, but this does not mean the problem should be ignored.
Evidence for crust cooling in the transiently accreting 11-Hz X-ray pulsar in the globular cluster Terzan 5

The temporal heating and subsequent cooling of the crusts of transiently accreting neutron stars carries unique information about their structure and a variety of nuclear reaction processes. We report on a new Chandra Director’s Discretionary Time observation of the globular cluster Terzan 5, aimed to monitor the transiently accreting 11-Hz X-ray pulsar IGR J17480−2446 after the cessation of its recent 10-week long accretion outburst. During the observation, which was performed ≃125 d into quiescence, the source displays a thermal spectrum that fits to a neutron star atmosphere model with a temperature for an observer at infinity of kT∞≃ 92 eV. This is ≃10 per cent lower than that found ≃75 d earlier, yet ≃20 per cent higher than the quiescent base level measured prior to the recent outburst. This can be interpreted as cooling of the accretion-heated neutron star crust, and implies that crust cooling is observable after short accretion episodes. Comparison with neutron star thermal evolution simulations indicates that substantial heat must be released at shallow depth inside the neutron star, which is not accounted for in current nuclear heating models.
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory

This paper discusses progress on experiments at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. The projects and areas discussed are: Principal Parameters Achieved in Experimental Devices, Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor, Princeton Large Torus, Princeton Beta Experiment, S-1 Spheromak, Current-Drive Experiment, X-ray Laser Studies, Theoretical Division, Tokamak Modeling, Spacecraft Glow Experiment, Compact Ignition Tokamak, Engineering Department, Project Planning and Safety Office, Quality Assurance and Reliability, and Administrative Operations.
Deformation of algebras associated with group cocycles

We study deformation of algebras with coaction symmetry of reduced algebra of discrete groups, where the deformation parameter is given continuous family of group $2$-cocycles. When the group satisfies the Baum-Connes conjecture with coefficients, we obtain isomorphism of K-groups of the deformed algebras. This extends both the $\theta$-deformation of Rieffel on $\mathbb T^n$-actions, and a recent result of Echterhoff, L\"{u}ck, Phillips, and Walters on the K-groups on the twisted group algebras.
DDDT_A_310418 3979..3984

Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, London, UK Rationale: With the discovery of new antibiotics diminishing, optimising the administration of existing antibiotics such as amoxicillin-clavulanic acid has become a necessity. At present, the optimal approach for enhancing the effectiveness of time-dependent antibiotics involves extending the time at which antibiotic concentrations are maintained above the minimal inhibitory concentration by prolonging the infusion time. This pharmacodynamic rationale cannot be applied to co-amoxiclav because of poor stability at room temperature. The aim of this study was to establish the shelf-life of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid prepared in separate containers to determine the feasibility of 24-hr continuous infusion therapy. Methods: A previously developed and validated stability-indicating HPLC method was used to establish the shelf-life of reconstituted amoxicillin and clavulanic acid when prepared in separate containers. Stability at clinical concentration was evaluated at three temperatures. To establish whether there were significant differences at the level of both active ingredients and temperature, results were analysed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to assess differences between the attained slopes of regression. Results: Data obtained indicated amoxicillin and clavulanic acid stability superior to that previously proposed making it suitable for continuous infusion therapy. Analysis of regression slopes via ANCOVA showed that temperature significantly affected amoxicillin and clavulanic acid stability. Amoxicillin retained 90% of its initial concentration for 80.3 hrs when stored at 4°C, 24.8 hrs at 25°C and 9 hrs when incubated at 37°C. Clavulanic acid retained 90% of its initial concentration for 152 hrs when stored at 4°C, 26 hrs at 25°C and 6.4 hrs when incubated at 37°C. Conclusion: Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are suitable for administration via continuous infusion when prepared, stored, and administered in separate containers. Results obtained from this study aid in ameliorating current dosing regimens to optimise antibiotic efficacy; however, more in-depth amoxicillin and clavulanic acid y-site compatibility studies are warranted.
Application of Interval Integration to the Solution of Integral Equations.

Abstract : A method of numerical solution is presented for a class of integral equations which includes linear and nonlinear equations encountered in applications. A brief sketch is given of methods from classical analysis (inversion of power series) and functional analysis (functional and monotone iteration), together with some of their shortcomings (difficulty of implementation, error estimation, and special conditions on operators and initial approximations). Interval functions, which may be considered to be sets consisting of all functions bounded above and below by given end-point functions, are defined, and the recently developed theory of interval integration is used to construct interval extensions of real integral operators. These interval operators are used to define an interval iteration process which converges if the initial interval contains a solution of the integral equation. Furthermore, the endpoint functions of the iterated interval functions provide upper and lower bounds for the solution at each stage of the iteration, and the interval iteration operator can be constructed so that the results of each transformation can be represented exactly. A numerical example is given of an interval iteration which gives a numerical solution of a nonlinear integral equation outside the limits of convergence of classical and function methods. Some problems connected with the use of interval iteration are also discussed. (Author)
Stability of the cbb 3 -Type Cytochrome Oxidase Requires Speciﬁc CcoQ-CcoP Interactions (cid:1)

Cytochrome cbb 3 -type oxidases are members of the heme copper oxidase superfamily and are composed of four subunits. CcoN contains the heme b -Cu B binuclear center where oxygen is reduced, while CcoP and CcoO are membrane-bound c -type cytochromes thought to channel electrons from the donor cytochrome into the binuclear center. Like many other bacterial members of this superfamily, the cytochrome cbb 3 -type oxidase contains a fourth, non-cofactor-containing subunit, which is termed CcoQ. In the present study, we analyzed the role of CcoQ on the stability and activity of Rhodobacter capsulatus cbb 3 -type oxidase. Our data showed that CcoQ is a single-spanning membrane protein with a N out -C in topology. In the absence of CcoQ, cbb 3 -type oxidase activity is signiﬁcantly reduced, irrespective of the growth conditions. Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses revealed that the lack of CcoQ speciﬁcally impaired the stable recruitment of CcoP into the cbb 3 -type oxidase complex. This suggested a speciﬁc CcoQ-CcoP interaction, which was conﬁrmed by chemical cross-linking. Collectively, our data demonstrated that in R. capsulatus CcoQ was required for optimal cbb 3 -type oxidase activity because it stabilized the interaction of CcoP with the CcoNO core complex, leading subsequently to the formation of the active 230-kDa cbb 3 -type oxidase complex.
CSR-disclosures in the banking industry

With little social and environmental effects caused directly by its operations, corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the banking industry and the corresponding disclosures deviate from other industries. For the past two decades, there has been a rapid growth of CSR-disclosures in the global banking industry and research in the field is increasing. However, few researchers have investigated the characteristics and the development of banks’ CSR-disclosures within a specific country. This report contributes to the research area by developing and applying a model especially designed for CSR-disclosures in the banking industry. The model allows for multiple layers of analysis and a deeper understanding compared to conventional content analysis. The study covers disclosures made by the four major Swedish banks from 2010 to 2019 and the findings show that social and environmental disclosures more than doubled over the period. We can show that there are significant differences among the banks in terms of areas covered and volume disclosed and that the increase in disclosures over the period was made with a preserved level of detail. The findings suggest that CSR-disclosures made in the Swedish banking sector to a large extent go beyond what is required by principles and regulations and the development is more likely explained by stakeholder pressure and legitimacy gaps.
AMEP_A_316201 745..754

1Unit of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia; 2Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia Background: One of the problems facing higher education institutions in developing countries such as Ethiopia is the poor quality of undergraduate students’ academic work. However, there is a scarcity of empirical data on the specific causes of the poor quality of undergraduate study. Therefore, the aim of this research is to explore factors that influence the quality of undergraduate pharmacy students’ research projects at Ambo University in Ethiopia, from the perspective of research advisors. Methods: A qualitative study was held in Ambo University, Department of Pharmacy from March 2 to March 27, 2020. A total number of 15 research advisors were the participants of the study. A semi-structured interview questionaire was prepared to explore participants’ ideas about the current situation of research quality, underlying causes and perception towards outcomes of poor quality of undergraduate pharmacy students’ research projects. The necessary data were collected through in-depth interview and qualitative content analysis was employed to analyze the data. Results: The majority of the key informants thought that the quality of undergraduate pharmacy students research projects is decreasing from time to time in their university due to students’ research knowledge gap, poor commitment, and motivation, lack of communication between students and advisors, plagiarism, financial problems, shortage of experienced research advisors, advisors less motivation and dedication, insufficient research facilities, lack of research fund, poor management support, and limitation of the undergraduate curriculum. They also revealed weak students’ research capacity, absence of knowledge transfer through research publication and presentation, and inadequate baseline evidence for the policymakers are the potential outcomes of poor quality undergraduate pharmacy students’ research projects. Conclusion: Undergraduate research quality is a persistent problem in the department of pharmacy of Ambo University. The problem is exacerbated due to multiple factors. As a result, the university should establish a framework for collaboration among students, advisors, and university research leaders; it should also boost students’ research capacity by hiring qualified researchers, equipping the research facility with appropriate technology, and instituting a system for monitoring and evaluating research project results.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ROSEMARY EXTRACT AGAINST ASPARTAME-INDUCED LIVER TOXICITY IN MALE RATS

There is a growing interest in using natural antioxidants to treat various pathological tissue conditions considering the role of oxidative stress in their pathogenesis. Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L., Lamiaceae ) is a woody perennial herb and has been considered as one of the most effective in anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory activity. Aspartame (ASP) is a dietary low-calorie artificial sweetener and is widespread used in more than 6,000 products. Its metabolites amino acids, phenyl amine, aspartic acid and methanol in the gastrointestinal tract can be toxic, and it is considered as an oxidative stress producer and a multi-potential carcinogenic agent. This study aimed to evaluate the possible protective role of aqueous extract of rosemary (125 mg/ kg b.wt/day) against aspartame (250 mg/ kg b.wt/day)-induced injury in liver of adult male albino rats. In this work rosemary was co-administered, pre-administered and post-administered with aspartame. Results showed that after two months rosemary restored levels of nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, catalase, super oxide dismutase, glutathione, tumor necrotic factor alpha and alpha fetoprotein in liver tissue. Moreover, rosemary improved serum levels of alanine amino-transferase, aspartate amino transferase, total protein and albumin, urea, creatinine and uric acid. Additionally, rosemary improved serum disturbances of electrolytes induced by aspartame for, sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. This study concluded that, rosemary extract alleviates the harmful effects of aspartame in rat's liver and has a grateful role in restoration of sodium potassium and calcium phosphorus hemostasis.
Effects of tillage and application rate on atrazine transport tosubsurface drainage: Evaluation of RZWQM using a six-yearfield study

Well tested agricultural system models can improve our understanding of the water quality effects of management practices under different conditions. The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) has been tested under a variety of conditions. However, the current model’s ability to simulate pesticide transport to subsurface drain flow over a long term period under different tillage systems and application rates is not clear. Therefore, we calibrated and tested RZWQM using six years of data from Nashua, Iowa. In this experiment, atrazine was spring applied at 2.8 (1990–1992) and 0.6 kg/ha/yr (1993–1995) to two 0.4 ha plots with different tillage (till and no-till). The observed and simulated average annual flow weighted atrazine concentrations (FWAC) in subsurface drain flow from the no-till plot were 3.7 and 3.2 g/L, respectively for the period with high atrazine application rates, and 0.8 and 0.9 g/L, respectively for the period with low application rates. The 1990–1992 observed average annual FWAC difference between the no-till and tilled plot was 2.4 g/L while the simulated difference was 2.1 g/L. These observed and simulated differences for 1993–1995 were 0.1 and 0.1 g/L, respectively. The Nash–Sutcliffe model performance statistic (EF) for cumulative atrazine flux to subsurface drain flow was 0.93 for the no-till plot testing years (1993–1995), which is comparable to other recent model tests. The value of EF is 1.0 when simulated data perfectly match observed data. The order of selected parameter sensitivity for RZWQM simulated FWAC was atrazine partition coefficient > number of macropores > atrazine half life in soil > soil hydraulic conductivity. Simulations from 1990 to 1995 with four different atrazine application rates applied at a constant rate throughout the simulation period showed concentrations in drain flow for the no-till plot to be twice those of the tilled plot. The differences were more pronounced in the early simulation period (1990–1992), partly because of the characteristics of macropore flow during large storms. The results suggest that RZWQM is a promising tool to study pesticide transport to subsurface drain flow under different tillage systems and application rates over several years, the concentrations of atrazine in drain flow can be higher with no-till than tilled soil over a range of atrazine application rates, and atrazine concentrations in drain flow are sensitive to the macropore flow characteristics under different tillage systems and rainfall timing and intensity. Published by Elsevier B.V.