Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eficiencia de la selección en líneas de pimiento (Capsicum annuum), provenientes de cuatro sub-poblaciones, en caracteres de interés productivo

En Cuba, existe necesidad de contar con lineas de pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.) con resistencia multiple a las principales enfermedades virales, de frutos grandes y de buena adaptacion. Estos cultivares deberian ser utilizados como progenitores en la obtencion de hibridos F1 con mejores cualidades fenotipicas y comercialmente mas competitivos. Por lo tanto, este trabajo tuvo por objetivo caracterizar productivamente lineas de pimiento proveniente de cuatro sub-poblaciones para establecer la efi ciencia de la seleccion. Se estudiaron los parametros geneticos y estadisticos que optimizan la seleccion para caracterizar un grupo de 27 lineas en conjunto, cultivadas en un suelo Ferralitico Rojo. Se determino resistencia los virus del mosaico del pepino (CMV) (subpoblacion LIRAC), virus del grabado del tabaco (TEV) (sub-poblacion LIRAE), virus Y de la papa (PVY) (Sub-poblacion LIRAP) y virus del mosaico del tabaco (TMV) (Sub-poblacion LIRAV). Estos virus fueron previamente determinados en el INRA-Monfavet, Francia. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, es posible concluir que la estrategia basada en el manejo de fuentes de resistencia a virosis, existentes en los recursos geneticos de C. annuum disponibles en Cuba es valida para lograr resistencia multiple, adaptacion climatica y valores productivos aceptables en pimiento
The British Society of Gastroenterology

(Chairman: Professor C.C.Booth), 'Liver' (Chairmen: Professor Sheila Sherlock andProfessor A.E.Read), 'Inflammatory syndromes' (Chairman: DrS.C.Truelove), 'Oesophagus, stomach' (Chairman: DrJ.Bamforth), 'Pancreas' (Chairman: MrJ.E.Trapnell), 'Stomach hormones' (Chairman: Professor IanMcColl), and'Colon' (Chairman: Professor J.C.Goligher). Abstracts ofthese papers follow.
Proteinas Plasmaticas

INTRODUCCION . 1 DESARROLLO . 1 Clasificación de las proteínas. 1 Por su origen: . 1 Por su estructura: . 1 Funciones de las proteínas en el organismo.1 Origen de las proteínas. 2 Proteínas plasmáticas . 2 Interpretación de la electroforesis . 3 Proteínas séricas . 3 Proteínas intracelulares . 5 CONCLUSION.5 BIBLIOGRAFIA . 5
Effects of dieldrin and 17β-estradiol on life history characteristics of freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas

The effects of dieldrin and 17β-estradiol (E2) at seven concentrations (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 µg/L) on development, survival and reproduction of the freshwater rotifer B. calyciflorus were studied using a life table demographic method. Compared to the control, dieldrin at 0.01, 0.1 and 10 µg/L and E2 at 0.001–0.1 and 10 µg/L shortened the duration of embryonic development (p < 0.05). E2 at 0.01, 0.1 and 10 µg/L prolonged the juvenile period but dieldrin at 1000 µg/L shortened the juvenile period of the rotifers (p < 0.01). Dieldrin at 0.001–100 µg/L, and E2 at 0.001, 0.01, 1, 100 and 1000 µg/L prolonged the reproductive period of the rotifers (p < 0.01), Dieldrin at 0.001 and 10–1000 µg/L and E2 at 100 and 1000 µg/L prolonged the post-reproductive period of the rotifers (p < 0.05). Dieldrin at 100 µg/L decreased the intrinsic rate of population increase of rotifers but the reverse was true for E2 at 1 µg/L. The net reproduction rate was increased by dieldrin at 0.001 µg/L and E2 at 100 and 1000 µg/L. Dieldrin at 0.001–1000 µg/L and E2 at 0.01, 100 and 1000 µg/L prolonged the generation time. Life expectancy at hatching was prolonged by dieldrin at 0.001–1000 µg/L and E2 at 0.01, 1, 100 and 1000 µg/L. Both dieldrin and E2 at low concentrations caused a shortening in the duration of embryonic development, an increase in the reproductive period, post-reproductive period, net reproduction rate, generation time, and life expectancy at hatching of B. calyciflorus.
Statistical approaches for computing diversity and density of zooplankton with water factors in Mula Dam, Rahuri, MS, India

This paper tended the seasonal density and diversity of zooplankton in Mula dam a freshwater body during 2007-09. Zooplankton showed seasonal variations. Over all density was higher in rainy (35.3%) > summer (34.1%) > and lowest in winter (30.7%). The zooplankton distribution constitutes rotifer (48.9%), cladocera (18.9%), copepoda (13.1%), decapoda (10.9%) and protozoa (8.2%). The rotifer dominated among the zooplankton organisms. Also statistical parameters such as standard deviation, sum of error, covariance, etc documented. The density and diversity of zooplanktons was also discussed with physico-chemical parameters of water. The diversity and density of zooplankton depends upon the nutrient condition of water body, abiotic factors, food chain and web with life cycle.
EFFECTS OF PARTIALLY REPLACING OF YELLOW CORN WITH DILL OR PARSLEY BY-PRODUCTS IN BROILER DIETS ON SOME PRODUCTIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

This study was carried out at the Poultry Research Station, El-Azab, Fayoum, Egypt during the period from June to August 2011. Chickens was initially fed a control diet for four days. The total number of the experimental birds (120 at five days of age) was divided into five treatments (24 birds each), each treatment contained three replicates of eight birds each. The experimental treatments were as follows:- 1- Chicks fed the control diet (T1). 2- 10% YC in T1 was replaced by dill by product. 3- 20% YC in T1 was replaced by dill by product. 4- 10% YC in T1 was replaced by parsley by product. 5- 20% YC in T1 was replaced by parsley by product. Results obtained could be summarized in the following: Chicks fed control diet had significantly higher LBW at 42 days, LBWG and GR during the period from 5 to 42 days of age (differences between chicks fed control diet and chicks fed partial replacing of YC by 10 or 20% dill by-product were not significant). Chicks fed partial replacing of YC by 10% parsley by-product had higher FI during the period from 5 to 42 days of age. No significant differences in FC, body temperature, respiratory rate, intestinal pH, total microflora count, blood parameters and chemical composition of broiler meat of broiler chicks fed partial replacing of YC by dill or parsley by-product. Chicks fed partial replacing of YC by 10% dill by-product had significantly better CPC, CCR and higher PI during the period from 5 to 42 days. Chicks fed partial replacing of YC by 10% parsley by-product had significantly higher total giblets% than the other treatments and control group. Chicks fed control diet had the higher MR value as compared with those fed other treatments. While, chicks fed partial replacing of YC by 10% dill by-product had the lower MR value being zero%. Economical efficiency (EEf) values was improved in chicks fed partial replacing of YC by 10% dill by-product as compared with those fed the control diet and other treatments. It could be concluded, that the dill by-product can be substituted up to 10% YC in Ross broiler diets reared in open houses under summer conditions of Egypt which had the best EEf values and can improve the productive performance of broiler chicks, moreover, reduce the harmful effects of the high temperature or any stressful conditions.
The perceptual and anti-Inflammatory effects of oleocanthal, an olive oil phenolic

Oleocanthal a virgin olive oil phenolic produces varying intensities of irritation in the oropharanx in individuals and is also a naturally occuring NSAID effective in reducing inflammatory markers and increasing protein synthesis in skeletal muscle cells. There may be a link between the variation in throat sensitivity to oleocanthal and its effects on muscle growth processes and inflammation.
Growth rate of the major phylogenetic bacterial groups in the Delaware estuary

The phylogenetic composition of bacterial communities varies along the salinity gradient of estuaries, one notable pattern being the prevalence of alpha‐ and beta‐proteobacteria in salt‐ and freshwater regions, respectively. We tested the hypothesis that bottom‐up forces (substrate supply) control these and other changes in bacterial community composition in the Delaware estuary. We measured the biomass and growth rate of four major phylogenetic groups of bacterioplankton (alpha‐, beta‐, and gamma‐proteobacteria and the Cytophaga‐Flavobacter cluster) in low‐ and high‐salinity regions of the estuary by the dilution culture approach combined with fluorescent in situ hybridization with rRNA‐targeted probes. Group‐specific growth rates were highly variable depending on location and season and could far exceed (up to nearly fourfold) the growth rates of total bacteria. The phylogenetic groups that exhibited the highest growth rates included alpha‐ and gamma‐proteobacteria at both low‐ and high‐salinity stations and betaproteobacteria at a low‐salinity station. These data help to explain the high abundance of beta‐proteobacteria in the freshwater region, but bottom up controls appear to account only partly for the variability in bacterial communities. The relationship between production and biomass suggested that bacterial communities at the low‐salinity site were controlled by substrate supply, whereas bacterial mortality appeared to be more important at the high‐salinity site. Our data demonstrate that group‐specific growth rates are useful parameters for examining the competitive advantages of individual groups and the mode of regulation of bacterial communities in estuarine environments.
Genetic parameters of cold tolerance in rice

Direct and indirect effects of nine traits associated with cold tolerance at an early seedling, seedling and booting stages on per cent fertility were identified in rice using path coefficient analysis. Selection for increase in tolerance index 5 days after revival tolerance, based on 15 days of survival, and number of fertile spikelets, and decrease in tolerance index 10 days after revival treatment and based on final survival would be effective in increasing fertility. Tolerance index 5 days after revival treatment and based on 15 days of survival appear useful as selection criteria. As these traits were negatively correlated with fertility, a compromise would have tobe made for simultaneous selection for cold tolerance at vegetative and reproductive stages in rice.
Response of Dendroctonus brevicomis to different release rates of nonhost angiosperm volatiles and verbenone in trapping and tree protection studies

A blend of eight nonhost angiosperm volatiles (benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, guaiacol, nonanal, salicylaldehyde, (E)‐2‐hexenal, (E)‐2‐hexen‐1‐ol and (Z)‐2‐hexen‐1‐ol) without [NAV] and with [NAVV] (–)‐verbenone (4,6,6‐trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept‐3‐en‐2‐one) were tested at low (L), medium (M) and high (H) release rates for their ability to reduce attraction of western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, to attractant‐baited (exo‐brevicomin [racemic, 3 mg/d], frontalin [racemic, 3 mg/d] and myrcene [18 mg/d]) multiple funnel traps. NAV‐L (40 mg/d) had no significant effect. Verbenone alone (50 mg/d) and NAV‐M (240 mg/d) both significantly reduced attraction, but no significant difference was observed between the two treatment means. NAV‐H (430 mg/d) significantly reduced catches by ∼60% and 78% compared to verbenone alone and the baited control, respectively. In a second experiment, combining (–)‐verbenone with NAV (NAVV) increased the effects observed in Experiment 1. NAVV‐M (240 mg/d) resulted in an ∼69% and 83% reduction in trap catch compared to verbenone alone and the baited control, respectively. Significantly fewer D. brevicomis were captured in NAVV‐H (430 mg/d) than any other treatment resulting in an ∼93% reduction in trap catch compared to the baited control. In a third experiment, NAVV was tested at three release rates for its ability to protect individual ponderosa pines, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. , from attack by D. brevicomis. Cumulative release rates varied in direct proportion to tree diameter, but represented quarter, half and full NAVV rates. NAVV significantly reduced the density of D. brevicomis attacks, D. brevicomis successful attacks, and levels of tree mortality on attractant‐baited trees. Only three of 15 NAVV‐treated trees died from D. brevicomis attack while ∼93% mortality (14/15) was observed in the untreated, baited control. Quarter and half rates were ineffective for reducing tree mortality.
Recent evidence of the role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood pressure control and hypertension-related complications

Despite the development of more efficacious and safe pharmacological treatments, cardiovascular diseases are always the leading cause of death and invalidity in developed countries and in most developing countries. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from fish and fish oils appear to protect against coronary heart disease. Recent evidence suggests that a part of their protective effect is mediated by a relatively small but significant decrease in blood pressure level. In fact, omega-3 PUFAs exhibit wide-ranging biological actions that include regulating both vasomotor tone and renal sodium excretion, partly competing with omega-6 PUFAs for common metabolic enzymes and thereby decreasing the production of vasocostrincting rather than vasodilating and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids. The final result is improved vasodilation and arterial compliance of both small and large arteries. Preliminary clinical trials involving dyslipidemic patients, diabetics and elderly subjects, in addition to normotensive .
The distyly in Primula elatior (L.) Hill (Primulaceae), with a study of flowering phenology and pollen flow

Flowers of Primula elatior exhibit all the dimorphic traits typical of distyly. The difference in pollen production between pin and thrum flowers is not thought to be caused by the pollen size dimorphism. The percentage of pin pollen which is probably viable exceeds that of thrum pollen. In the population studied the morph ratio is 1:1, and plants are randomly dispersed with regard to morph type. Bumblebees are the main pollinators, and analysis of the stigmatic pollen load in naturally |xjllinated flowers shows that pin stigmas receive many more pollen grains than thrum stigmas. Intramorph pollination is considerable in pins, while thrums are subject to some differential pollination. Emasculation experiments have shown that intraflower pollination in the thrum morph is negligible. Aging of pin flowers has a reducing effect on their total pollen loads, while in thrums there is no change in total pollen load after the first days of anthesis.
Feeding value of immature safflower forage for dry ewes

An in situ study compared mature, frost-damaged safflower to full-bloom safflower and mid-bloom alfalfa-grass hay, with the full-bloom safflower and alfalfa-grass hay also used in a ewe (n = 40) feeding study. Feed refusals were higher (P < 0.05) for ewes fed the safflower, but feed conversion efficiency was improved (P < 0.05) for the safflower-fed sheep. Ewes were bred shortly after the 9-wk feeding trial and the proportion of ewes lambing was higher (P < 0.05) in the safflower-fed ewes. Sheep were able to utilise the safflower forage as thorough chewing of spines likely prevented mouth ulceration and the ewes selectively consumed the most nutrient-dense parts of the forage. Key words: Safflower forage, sheep, fertility
Alginate coatings containing grapefruit essential oil or grapefruit seed extract for grapes preservation

Summary Biodegradable coatings based on 1% and 2% sodium alginate (NaAlg) with and without grapefruit seed extract (GSE) or grapefruit essential oil (GEO) were applied to table grapes to preserve their quality. Changes in weight loss, firmness and antioxidant activity were assessed over 15 days of cold storage. The effectiveness of developed coatings to control postharvest decay of inoculated grape berries stored for 5 days at 20 °C was also investigated. Biodegradable coatings based on pure NaAlg and those containing GSE were efficient in reducing weight loss and maintaining firmness during storage. Coatings incorporating either GEO or GSE were able to preserve the antioxidant activity of treated grapes and to reduce decay incidence in inoculated fruits. Coatings formulated with 2% NaAlg-1% GSE showed the greatest preservation of antioxidant activity and the highest antifungal effect, with an effective control of water and firmness losses. These coatings can be recommended for maintaining table grapes quality.
Assembling the ant "Tree of Life" (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Ants are the world's premier eusocial organisms and they have assumed pivotal ecological roles in many terrestrial communities. A well resolved and robustly supported phylogeny of the ants is needed to better understand many facets of their ecology and evolution. We report on a new project designed to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of the major lineages of ants. Funded by the US National Science Foundation under the AToL (Assembling the Tree of Life) program, this project runs for five years and involves collaborators from the University of California at Davis, the California Academy of Sciences, and the Smithsonian Institution. In the first year (2004 - 2005) of the Ant AToL grant we have focused our efforts on developing a multi-gene molecular data set and assembling a selection of appropriate taxa. A preliminary analysis, based on ~5.8 kb of sequence data from seven nuclear genes and ~100 exemplar species, reveals a number of novel findings and contradicts some earlier conclusions derived from morphological data. Nearly all of the 21 extant ant subfamilies recognized in a recent morphology-based classification of ants (BOLTON 2003) appear to be monophyletic, but our evidence suggests that only two of the six supra-subfamilial groups (dorylomorphs and myrmeciomorphs) are monophyletic. We find strong support (parsimony and likelihood bootstrap 100 %, Bayesian posterior probability 1.00) for a group, here termed the "formicoid clade", which contains all extant ants except Agroecomyrmecinae, Amblyoponinae, Leptanillinae, Paraponerinae, Ponerinae, and Proceratiinae. Relationships among these early diverging (non-formicoid) ants are not well resolved. This work is ongoing, and a more comprehensive account and analysis with additional taxa and new molecular data will be completed at the year's end.
Chemical composition of essential oils of leaves and flowers from five cultivars of myrtle (Myrtus communis L.)

The composition of essential oils extracted from leaves and flowers of five selected cultivars of myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) growing in the same orchard was determined by GC/MS at the full bloom time. Yields of essential oil by hydrodistillation ranged from 1.2 to 3.2 g·kg−1 of leaf fresh weight, while flower essential oil yield was comprised between 1.2 and 4.4 g·kg−1. Fifty-one compounds were identified with a percentage of corresponding peak ranging from 94.3 to 99.8% of the total. The main components of the essential oils were 1,8-cineole, linalool, and α-terpineol. Dihydroeugenyl-butanoate was the main component of the flower oil of the ‘Daniela' cultivar with a rate of 19.45%, while in the ‘Barbara' flower oil reached the 21.24%. This compound was not previously detected in the essential oils of myrtle, as well as the dihydroeugenyl-pentanoate, which ranged from 1.40 to 6.82% when detected. Other main compounds of the essential oils were α-pinene, limonene, bornyl-acetate, eugenol, geranyl-acetate, and methyl-eugenol.
Parallel Evolution of Plumage Pattern and Coloration in Birds: Implications for Defining Avian Morphospace

Abstract I studied the recurrence of similar plumage-pattern elements in distantly related taxa across class Aves and examined whether such pattern elements are associated with morphological features, such as body size and anterior emphasis, and with habitat type and age class in selected examples. The identification of recurrent plumage-pattern elements across a wide array of taxa can be interpreted as evidence for parallel evolution and thus for shared developmental pathways. Developmental constraint, therefore, may serve to both generate and delimit the diversity of avian plumage patterns, which are subsequently presented to selection. By examining over 8300 examples of avian plumages mostly from the literature, I derived a plumage-pattern trajectory that can be used as a theoretical model to identify associated morphological trends within various taxonomic contexts of comparison. When comparing species within a clade, as body size increases, plumage pattern often shifts along a trajectory, from countershading through streaks, bars, uniform or bold black and white patches, to reverse countershading. Moreover, the trajectory is recursive at various taxonomic levels. The recursive nature of the trajectory, in which morphological and pattern elements recur in modified configurations, has perhaps contributed to an underestimate of parallel evolution in birds. I assert that a recognition of morphological recursion enables one to predict evolutionary trends in a hypothetical spectrum of potential form and plumage pattern and thus serves to define both the limits and possibilities of avian morphospace.
Movement Patterns of Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) in Cuba and Adjacent Caribbean Waters Inferred from Flipper Tag Recaptures

Abstract To study the movement patterns of Green Seaturtle (Chelonia mydas) populations in the Caribbean region using Cuban habitats, tag-recapture data from local (Cuban National Tagging Program 1989–2002) and international programs (1959–2002) were compiled and compared. Of the 742 turtles tagged in Cuba at fishing areas, nesting beaches and head-start facilities, 5.5% were recaptured, mostly outside of Cuban waters and with a majority of these (76.9%) off the coast of Nicaragua. Green Seaturtles tagged elsewhere and recaptured in Cuba included head-started juveniles from Grand Cayman (45% of the total), Mexico (2.3%), and Florida (1.8%); wild juveniles from the Bahamas (14.1%), Bermuda (5.4%), and Florida (1.5%); and adults from Tortuguero (26%), Florida, USA (1.3%), Mexico (1%), Venezuela (1.3%), and U.S. Virgin Islands (0.3%). Recaptures of tags placed at sites north of Cuba (Bermuda and the Bahamas) clustered in the northeast region of Cuba, whereas those from the south (Grand Cayman) were recaptured in southern areas. Recaptures from Tortuguero tags were concentrated in the southeast and westward regions of Cuba. Turtles from the Bahamas, Grand Cayman, and Bermuda showed the highest recapture rates in Cuban habitats, with 3.2, 1.9, and 1.0% of the total number of tags applied, respectively. These results for a broad range of populations and across life stages underscore the regionwide significance of Cuban sites as critical habitats or migratory corridors.
Disappearance of cell wall monomeric components from fractions chemically isolated from alfalfa leaves and stems following in‐situ ruminal digestion

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) leaves and stems were incubated in the rumen of an alfalfa-fed steer for 0, 12, 24 and 48 h. Residues were analysed for monosaccharides remaining in chemically isolated fractions. Pectic substances were rapidly and extensively degraded. Xyloglucans also were quite degradable, whereas glucuronoxylans were very resistant to fermentation. Cellulose disappearance was intermediate between that of xylan and xyloglucan. For all non-pectic polysaccharides, leaf material was more degradable than stem, and this difference between leaf and stem was greater for cellulose than for most hemicellulosic fractions. Acetyl groups associated with the oxalate-insoluble fractions were degraded similarly to xylans. Alkali-labile phenolic acid content was lower in stems than in leaves, but contributed only 4 g kg−1 of leaf DM. Less than 10% of alkali-labile phenolics were associated with hemicelluloses. Structures which limit alfalfa xylan fermentation may include acetyl groups and linkages of uronic acid side chains to phenolic material.