Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Caregivers' perception of adults with Down syndrome willingness to participate in research.

BACKGROUND Historically, individuals with Down syndrome have been excluded from clinical research. Our objective was to assess the degree of interest adults with Down syndrome have in participating in research from the perspective of the caregivers who care for them. METHODS We conducted an online survey of N = 390 caregivers of adults with Down syndrome and asked about interest in research participation and demographics. RESULTS Caregivers were mostly family members, older than 55 years, and White. Caregivers reported that the adult with Down syndrome that they cared for would be more comfortable participating in research that was physiological, such as research involving fit bits (70.2% would participate), exercise (63.3%) or diet apps (53.9%), whereas they would be less likely to participate in clinical trials involving more invasive procedures such as injections (10.9%) and laboratory exams like MRIs (32.0%). We found little difference by age or gender of the adult with Down syndrome or by caregiver education level. CONCLUSIONS Our survey identified high interest for less invasive studies, illustrating acceptability of observational and lifestyle studies. More effort may be needed to understand fear and barriers to participation and to create tools and methods to increase interest in more invasive studies.
Enhancing inclusivity and diversity among cathedral visitors: the Brecon Jazz Festival and psychographic segmentation

ABSTRACT A series of previous studies concerned with the psychographic segmentation of visitors to six cathedrals across England and Wales, employing psychological type theory, reported highly similar results, suggesting that cathedrals had a well-defined, but somewhat restricted appeal. Several cathedrals are attempting to widen their appeal by engaging a variety of events or exhibitions. Taking one specific example, the Brecon Jazz Festival, the present study found that 196 visitors to Brecon Cathedral during this period differed significantly from the standard psychological type profile of cathedral visitors in two ways. There were significantly more intuitive types (41% compared with 28%) and significantly more perceiving types (27% compared with 20%). These findings demonstrate that specific events have the capacity to widen the psychographic appeal of cathedrals.
Non-Minimum Phase Behavior Analysis of the Weak Grid-Tied VSC's Q-Axis Current Control Dynamics

In this letter, the phenomenon is found that there are non-minimum phase and “undershoot” behavior in grid-tied VSC, even if the outer loop is not applied. Based on the small-signal model, the mechanism that q-axis-related non-minimum phase behavior reduces VSC's stability and the “undershoot” behavior are analyzed in the letter. It is found that the q-axis current control dynamics of weak grid-tied VSC introduce an open-loop unstable zero when the reactive power is supplied from the AC system, which is the key factor for the non-minimum phase behavior.
Linear stability of incompressible fluid flow in a cavity using finite element method

Numerical methods have been applied to theoretical studies of instability and transition to turbulence. In this study an analysis of the linear stability of incompressible flow is undertaken. By means of the finite element method the two-dimensional base flow is computed numerically over a range of Reynolds numbers and is perturbed with three-dimensional disturbances. The partial differential equations governing the evolution of perturbation are obtained from the non-linear Navier–Stokes equations with a slight compressibility by using linear stability and normal mode analysis. In terms of the finite element discretization a non-singular generalized eigenproblem is formulated from these equations whose solution gives the dispersion relation between complex growth rate and wave number. This study presents stability curves to identify the critical Reynolds number and critical wavelength of the neutral mode and discusses the mechanism of instability. The stability of lid-driven cavity flow is examined. Taylor–Goertler-like vortices in the cavity are obtained by means of reconstruction of three-dimensional flows. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comment on "An innovations approach to least-squares estimation, part I: Linear filtering in additive white noise"

The innovations approach to linear least-squares aIF proximation problems is ûrst to "whiten' the observed data by a causal and invertible operation, ând then to treat the resulting simpler white-noise observations problem. This technique was successfully used by Bode and Shannon to obtain a simple derivation of the classical'Wiener ûltering problem for stationary processes over & semi-inûnite interval. Ilere we shall extend the technique to handle nonstationary conlinuous-time processes over ûnite intervals. In Part I we shall apply this method to obtain a simple derivation of the Kalman-Bucy recursive ûltering formulas (for both continuous-time and discrete-time processes) and also some minor generalizations thereof.
Vignette Research Methodology: An Essential Tool for Quality Improvement Collaboratives

Variation in patient outcomes among institutions and within institutions is a major problem in healthcare. Some of this variation is due to differences in practice, termed practice variation. Some practice variation is expected due to appropriately personalized care for a given patient. However, some practice variation is due to the individual preference or style of the clinicians. Quality improvement collaboratives are commonly used to disseminate quality care on a wide scale. Practice variation is a notable barrier to any quality improvement effort. A detailed and accurate understanding of practice variation can help optimize the quality improvement efforts. The traditional survey methods do not capture the complex nuances of practice variation. Vignette methods have been shown to accurately measure the actual practice variation and quality of care delivered by clinicians. Vignette methods are cost-effective relative to other methods of measuring quality of care. This review describes our experience and lessons from implementing vignette research methods in quality improvement collaboratives in California neonatal intensive care units. Vignette methodology is an ideal tool to address practice variation in quality improvement collaboratives, actively engage a large number of participants, and support more evidence-based practice to improve outcomes.
Spatial prepositions for original (and richer) meanings: the case of Spanish

Spatio-temporal prepositions like hasta ‘until’ find crucially distinct uses across Spanish varieties. In many cases, uses disallowed in more restrictive variants alternate nontrivially with canonical P distribution, raising pressing questions on spatiotemporal prepositions, lexicalized denotational properties, and their potential exploitation in complex semantic representations. In Central American varieties in particular, Ps like hasta ‘up to’ show puzzling behavior in two instances: (i) with spatial situation verbs and copulas, in nondynamic, nondurative predications locating an object relative to a perspectival landmark; (ii) with punctual verbs, situating the V-described happening relative to a distal (temporal) vantage point. Both cases are unexpected for general crosslanguage principles touching on aspectual requirements imposed by projective or directional Ps and the specific nature of the verbs combined. Here, we draw on a general crosslanguage condition for otherwise unpredicted uses of directional spatial Ps building on perspectival location and extend the analysis to accommodate progressive uses in the locative/temporal domain accordingly. We follow the premise that directional/projective prepositions express directions on an interval, and that such directions can be defined either by inherent ground properties or by the relative position of an observer. In noncanonical uses, we contend, the object is situated relative to a landmark serving as origo of the relevant conceptual space. Polar coordinates in the analysis guarantee proper inclusion of all points in the perspectival path, accommodating negation effects accordingly.
Weak ferromagnetic order in the superconducting ErNi211B2C

ErNi 2 B 2 C is the first material in which a microscopic coexistence between weak ferromagnetism (WFM) and superconductivity (SC) was confirmed by neutron diffraction technique. In the present paper, we report the detailedWFM structure and its ordering process. In the WFM phase, weak but clear peaks appear at (n/20 0 0) with n=even. The detailed analysis revealed that one from 20 Er magnetic moments contributes to the WFM ordering and such spins form ferromagnetic sheets that appear with a periodicity of 10a (∼35 A).
Small-scale ion flux and magnetic field fluctuations in solar wind, foreshock and magnetosheath

We have continued investigation of waves in the regions of undisturbed solar wind, foreshock and magnetosheath. The analysis of ion flux and magnetic field variations with the time interval 1–240s was performed in the regions above. Very large variation in such a time interval can be considered the common feature of the foreshock and magnetosheath. The results of case and statistical studies showed that the level of relative variations of ion flux and magnetic field magnitude in foreshock is about 3 times larger than in undisturbed solar wind. Variations of these parameters in the magnetosheath topologically connected with the quasi-parallel bow shock are about two times larger than those behind the quasi-perpendicular. We also compared the results from Interball-1 data analysis with those from statistical analysis of cluster magnetic field measurements. The magnetic field variations obtained from the different satellite data coincide with each other very well not only in quality but also in quantity.
Prevalence of Cigarettes and Waterpipe Smoking among Jordanians, Refugees, and Migrants in Jordan and Its Associated Factors: A Secondary Data Analysis

Smoking is a major public health threat resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of current smoking among different adult populations in Jordan, including Jordanians, refugees, and migrants and determine the factors associated with smoking. A cross-sectional survey was conducted during the period of June–September 2021 among Jordanians, Syrian refugees (both urban and camp refugees), and migrants living in four governorates in Jordan, including Amman, Zarqa, Mafraq, and Irbid. The selection of the four governorates was based on criteria related to the presence of Syrian refugees in host communities. The highest prevalence of cigarette smoking was among urban Jordanians (51.1%), followed by non-camp refugees (46.7%), while the highest prevalence for waterpipe (43.2%) and dual smoking (28.7%) was among non-camp refugees. Being male, aged 25–45 years old, unemployed, and having less than a high school education, as well as being urban Jordanians, were all associated with higher odds of cigarette smoking. Being male, unemployed, and urban Jordanians or non-camp refugees were variables associated with higher odds of waterpipe smoking. The study findings indicate that the identification of smoking prevalence in Jordan and its associated factors, including gender, educational level, employment status, regional area, migration, and exposure to traumas, should be considered by healthcare providers to formulate smoking cessation programs tailored to their needs and ultimately reduce smoking prevalence.
Hashimoto Thyroiditis, but Not Hypothyroidism Due to Other Causes, Is Associated with Lower Phase Angle Score in Adult Women: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose: In recent years, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) has become one of the commonest autoimmune diseases. Its clinical symptoms include systemic manifestations related mainly, but not solely, to thyroid hormone deficiency. The bioimpedance phase angle (PhA) is a reliable indicator of nutritional as well as cellular health status. PhA is decreased not only in malnutrition, but also in many inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between HT and PhA score. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we compared the anthropometric, laboratory and body composition parameters of 49 women with HT and 98 propensity-score-matched women without thyroid disease. Results: Females with HT had significantly lower PhA scores (5.78 ± 0.43) compared to women without a thyroid disorder (5.98 ± 0.49, p = 0.017). Regarding TSH levels, although they were within the normal range in all study participants, in women with HT, they were slightly but significantly higher. Women with HT treated with L-thyroxin had significantly higher PhA compared to their non-treated counterparts. No differences between women with non-HT hypothyroidism and the control group were found. Conclusions: Decreased PhA scores in patients with HT may indicate that the inflammatory process in this autoimmune disease has an influence on cellular health and on the function of the entire body. Such an association was not found in women with non-HT hypothyroidism.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Sleep Duration Life Expectancies among Men and Women in Mid-to-Late Life

This analysis documents U.S. racial/ethnic and gender differences in life expectancies with different self-reported sleep durations among adults aged 50 and older. We used self-reported sleep duration and linked mortality information from the 2004–2015 National Health Interview Survey (n = 145,015) to calculate Sullivan Method Lifetables for life expectancies with different self-reported sleep duration states: short (≤6 hours), optimal (seven to 8 hours), and long (≥9 hours) sleep duration per-day by race/ethnicity and gender. Non-Hispanic Black men (35.8%, 95% CI: 34.8%–36.8%) and women (36.5%, 95% CI: 35.7%–37.1%) exhibited the highest proportion of years lived with short sleep duration followed by Hispanic men (31.1%, 95% CI: 29.9%–32.3%) and women (34.1%, 95% CI: 33.1%–35.1%) and Non-Hispanic White men (25.8%, 95% CI: 25.4%–26.2%) and women (27.4%, 95% CI: 27.0%–27.7%). These results highlight how race/ethnic inequality in sleep duration and life expectancy are intertwined among older adults in the U.S.
Green synthesis of TiO2particles using lime juice/lime Peel extract: photo degradation of dye in water

In this work, titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles were synthesized from bulk Titania using lime juice or lime peel as capping agents. The synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized using powder X-Ray Diffraction (p-XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Ultra-Violet Spectroscopy (UV-VIS). The photocatalytic property of the titania nanoparticles was tested by applying these nanoparticles to degrade methylene blue dye solution. The p-XRD pattern revealed an anatase structure. The SEM results showed that the nanoparticles capped with the lime peel extract had better shape and size distribution than those obtained from lime juice. This is quite interesting as the peel which would have been ordinarily considered a waste was found to be useful. The degradation of methylene blue showed that the titania nanoparticles could be applied to degradation of dye contaminated water. This process is simple, non-toxic, inexpensive and can be used for the remediation of effluents from dye and textile industries before they are discharged into the ocean. This in turn will keep the ocean clean and preserve the aquatic life.
The Meaning of Pressure for Primary Magmas: New Insights From PRIMELT3‐P

This paper reports new software, PRIMELT3‐P, for computing the pressure and temperature range over which a primary basaltic magma was formed by adiabatic decompression and fractional melting of fertile mantle peridotite. The underlying model was developed to explore the meaning of magmatic pressure and its connection to the physics of mantle melting, melt extraction, and melt migration. We present a comparison of the results of the batch melting model FractionatePT3 (Lee et al., 2009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.020) and the new fractional melting model PRIMELT3‐P, each applied to basalts from various localities, with a particular focus on Hawai'i and Iceland. The unexpected result is that pressures for batch melting and fractional melting are quite similar across a broad range of potential temperatures, agreeing to within ±0.29 GPa (1σ) when applied to magmas that pass tests for derivation from peridotite sources. Although samples from both Hawai'i and Iceland yield a range of final pressures of melting, the minimum final pressure in each location coincides with independent geophysical constraints—the depth to the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary beneath Hawai'i and to the Moho below Iceland. These results clarify the meaning of primary magma pressure, but the concept remains complex. We suggest that computed temperature and pressure arrays arising from heterogeneous peridotite‐source primary magmas may reflect melt transport and mixing in a thermally zoned mantle plume with a complex network of branching melt channels that nucleate over a range of depths.
Development of far-infrared Ge:Ga photoconductor having a longitudinal configuration

In order to efficiency obtain a two-dimensional (2D) image in the 3 THz range, it is important to develop a 2D far-infrared detector array. We have developed a gallium-doped germanium (Ge:Ga) far-infrared photoconductor that has a longitudinal configuration. This structure is suitable for a large format monolithic 2D array. In this letter, we show that a transparent electrode that is responsive in the far-infrared range can be formed by ion implantation, and this layer contributed to increasing quantum efficiency. We obtained a high responsivity (16.2 A/W) and good noise equivalent power (2.6×10−17 W/Hz1/2) of Ge:Ga photoconductor in longitudinal configuration by combination of ion-implanted layers and Ge:Ga bulk material.
Leadless cardiac ventricular pacing using helix fixation: Step‐by‐step guide to implantation

Leadless cardiac pacemakers are an alternative modality to traditional transvenous pacemaker systems. Recently receiving Food and Drug Administration approval, the AVEIR VR leadless pacemaker system provides a helix based active fixation leadless pacemaker system. This step‐by‐step review will cover patient selection, preprocedural planning, device implantation technique, implant site evaluation, troubleshooting, short‐ and long‐term complications as well as future directions for leadless pacing.
Selection Signatures in Italian Livestock Guardian and Herding Shepherd Dogs

Simple Summary Livestock guardian and herding shepherd dogs are morphologically and behaviourally different, due to the long selection for different tasks made by farmers and breeders. This study aimed to identify genomic regions that best distinguish and characterise four livestock guardian and five herding Italian dog breeds. Genomic SNP data of 158 dogs were compared using two analyses, allowing for the identification of regions harbouring 29 genes. Sixteen runs of homozygosity islands were found in livestock guardians, four of which were partially shared with the fifteen found in herding shepherd dogs. The identified genes were related to dog domestication and behaviour, including herding behaviour, body size and muscle development, the prick or drop ear phenotype, and eye development and functionality. These results contribute to a better understanding of how human selection shaped the genome of dogs selected for different tasks, even considering a limited geographic area. Abstract Livestock guardian (LGD) and herding shepherd (HSD) dogs have distinct morphological and behavioural characteristics, long selected by farmers and breeders, to accomplish different tasks. This study aimed to find the genomic regions that best differentiate and characterise Italian LGD and HSD. Genomic data of 158 dogs of four LGD and five HSD breeds, obtained with the 170K canine SNPchip, were collected. The two groups were compared using FST and XP-EHH analyses, identifying regions containing 29 genes. Moreover, 16 islands of runs of homozygosity were found in LGD, and 15 in HSD; 4 of them were partially shared. Among the genes found that better differentiated HSD and LGD, several were associated with dog domestication and behavioural aspects; particularly, MSRB3 and LLPH were linked to herding behaviour in previous studies. Others, DYSK, MAP2K5, and RYR, were related to body size and muscle development. Prick ears prevailed in sampled HSD, and drop ears in LGD; this explains the identification of WIF1 and MSRB3 genes. Unexpectedly, a number of genes were also associated with eye development and functionality. These results shed further light on the differences that human selection introduced in dogs aimed at different duties, even in a limited geographic area such as Italy.
Determinant of Malaria Reinfection

Malaria reinfection is one of the concerns in the management of malaria in endemic areas. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the incidence of malaria reinfection. The study used an analytical observational approach with a cross-sectional study design which was conducted in Mei-June 2021 in Keerom Regency, Papua. The research sample amounted to 127 respondents who were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data analysis used fisher's exact test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that there was an effect of using mosquito repellent (p = 0.001), the habit of hanging clothes (p = 0.046) and the presence of standing water (p = 0.042) on the incidence of malaria reinfection. Meanwhile, adherence to taking malaria medication (p= 0.623), habit of going out (p= 0.441), habit of using mosquito nets (p= 1,000) and the presence of mosquito netting (p= 0.706) did not affect the incidence of malaria reinfection. It is necessary to conduct health education about the use of mosquito repellent, the habit of hanging clothes and intervention in the community's living environment.
Computation of Stokes Flow in a Channel with a Collapsible Segment

Abstract The numerical solution of Stokes flow in two-dimensional channel in which a segment of one wall is formed by an elastic membrane under longitudinal tension and the remaining channel boundary is rigid is considered. This model problem is being used to gain an understanding of the complex interactions that occurs between the fluid flow and the wall mechanics when fluid flows through a collapsible tube, examples of which are widespread in physiology. Previous work by Pedley considered a similar system using lubrication theory in which the wall slopes are assumed small. The results showed that as the longitudinal wall tension is reduce, the downstream end of the collapsible segment becomes ever steeper, thus violating the assumptions. Here, lubrication theory is abandoned and a numerical solution of the full governing equations, including the complete expression for wall curvature, is sought using an iterative scheme. The effect of the variation in wall tension due to the fluid shear stresses at the compliant boundary is also included. Results are presented for a range of transmural (internal minus external) pressures and wall tensions. It is found, however, that as the wall tension is reduced, the iterative scheme considered fails to converge. This similar behaviour to that seen by Silliman & Scriven in viscous free-surface flows. Possible reasons for this breakdown together with alternative solution strategies are discussed.