Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The developmental trajectory of hippocampus across the human lifespan based on multimodal neuroimaging

Background During the last 2 decades, more and more functional MRI (fMRI) researches have increasingly focused on both structures and functions of the hippocampal region to discover the relationship between hippocampus and memory. In order to reveal the normative pattern of individual development or aging processes of the hippocampus or further memory-related disease prediction, an investigation on such a brain structure's trajectory across the human lifespan is necessary. Methods Regional volume is the most commonly used variable for the structural change of normal brain. The regional homogeneity (ReHo) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) are the two test-retest reliable metrics for detection of functional changes. We here investigate ReHo, ALFF and fractional ALFF (fALFF) based upon both structural and resting state fMRI of 125 subjects from 7 to 85 years old. Results As results, significant age-related decreases were detected for volumes of bilateral hippocampus (corrected Ps = 0.000). In contrast, ALFF (corrected P = 0.034, β = -0.314), fALFF (corrected P = 0.059, β = - 0.687) and ReHo (corrected P = 0.005, β = - 0.330) demonstrated a trend of negative linear correlation with age in the left hippocampus. Conclusions Our findings partly reflect the structure-function relationship of the hippocampus during the human lifespan. doi: 10.3969/j.issn. 1672-6731.2014. 04.006
Breaking ground

The cooperation of stakeholders is crucial in watershed evaluations where the necessary and accurate data for scientific analysis are obtainable only through voluntary participation. Furthermore, voluntary stakeholder participation is required for successful post-study adoption of scientific recommendations. To achieve this goal, a collaborative approach must be used, and the mechanism that serves as the intermediary between the stakeholders and the scientists must be efficient, conducive to the smooth exchange of information, and above all properly in place. Although such a collaborative approach may be very time consuming for all involved, it is often necessary to build trust for successful project completion (Sabatier et al. 2005). This article summarizes the process used and successes achieved by the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture Cooperative Extension Service (UACES) in establishing stakeholder participation and collaborative information exchange as part of a Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) team effort in the Lincoln Lake watershed, Arkansas, a watershed where stakeholders were often leery of participating and sharing information. Such an effort was required for the success of the ongoing evaluation of best management practice (BMP) effectiveness in improving water quality, as well as for factors that influence the adoption of BMPs by farmers. The multidisciplinary…
A novel system for measuring in situ rates of photosynthesis and respiration of kelp

Macroalgae are important primary producers on temperate reefs worldwide, yet obtaining accurate measurements of in situ rates of photosynthesis and respiration for large seaweeds, particularly kelp, is challenging. Here we describe a novel and inexpensive photo respirometry system that can be used to generate photosynthetic−irradiance (P−E) curves for an entire adult kelp in situ. To demonstrate the application of this system, we (1) measured and compared P−E curves of the stipitate kelp Ecklonia radiata at 2 depths in northeastern New Zealand, and (2) compared laboratory-derived P−E curves to those obtained in situ. The system enclosed the lamina of the kelp and was sealed around the stipe, and oxygen evolution was recorded by an enclosed logger. By varying the irradiance in the chamber with shade cloth, and utilizing the variation in light associated with depth, the photosynthetic rates of an individual were measured over a range of irradiances in situ. Photosynthetic parameters of Ecklonia from field measurements varied with depth. P−E curves from individuals measured in situ differed from those measured in the laboratory, with maximum photosynthetic rates in the laboratory being 42 and 55% lower under natural and artificial light respectively. This system provides, for the first time, a method for generating P−E curves and estimating photosynthetic parameters for entire adult E. radiata individuals in situ. It can be adapted for use on other kelp and large seaweeds, and in tank-based experiments. Importantly, our findings also indicate that estimates of productivity based on laboratory-derived photosynthesis measurements likely underestimate kelp forest productivity.
CODONOBOEA (GESNERIACEAE) SECTIONS IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

Codonoboea is the largest genus of Gesneriaceae in Peninsular Malaysia with 92 species. Nine sections, Boeopsis, Codonoboea, Didymanthus, Glossadenia, Heteroboea, Pectinati, Reptantes, Salicini and Venusti, have been erected based on morphological characters, such as habit, leaf arrangement and shape, type of inflorescence, number of flowers, corolla type and nectary type. Recent molecular phylogenetic study using ITS and trnL-F sequences show that only section Heteroboea is monophyletic. While the sections of Codonoboea can no longer be maintained as formal taxonomic taxa, as informal groupings they are useful in identification and in constructing keys.
Attachment disorders and personality disorders : a possible connection

Researchers now propose that attachment theory can be applied beyond childhood. They believe attachment exists in adulthood and influences adult relationships. Possible connections between personality disorders and well-known approaches to personality development such as attachment theory have been made (Brennan & Shaver, 1998). The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between parent-infant attachment which influence adult relationships and psychopathology. Theories of personality development as they relate to attachment will be explored as well as influence of early childhood experiences on personality. Finally, possible connections between attachment disorders and personality disorders will be speculated. Attachment and Personality Disorders 1 Attachment Disorders and Personality Disorders: A Possible Connection As early as the latter part of the nineteenth century researchers, psychiatrists, and psychologists discovered through observations and studies of human development the existence of an elaborate structure of behaviors and emotions which shape the foundation of interactions between parents and their children. This structure of behaviors and emotions came to be identified as attachment. Sigmund Freud considered attachment significant to the status of adult mental health and Anna Freud studied attachment in orphaned children (Watkins, 1987). The study of attachment has been one the of most profound, extensive, and productive research topics of the twentieth century. By 1999, a literature search on the topic of attachment brought up over 2,000 entries in numerous journals covering developmental, clinical, physiological, and social psychology (Cassidy & Shaver, 1999). A child's early experience within the family has one of the most farreaching effects on personality development. Researchers and theorists have identified individual differences in attachment. These different styles of attachment grow gradually over the course of time as the individual matures. They form into a fixed and relatively secure, internal representation of the self, important figures, and relationships. They are considered to be rather precise reflections of actual Attachment and Personality Disorders 2 relationship experiences and remain stable over the lifespan (Brennan & Shaver, 1998). Before researchers began to focus on attachment, several theories had been formed to explain the development of personality and how our early experiences effect our interactions with others. Early childhood experiences have been linked to psychopathology and disorders of personality. Yet, researchers have not been able to pinpoint the cause of personality disorders and the exact etiology is unknown. Researchers now propose that attachment theory can be applied beyond childhood and attachment exists in adulthood and influences adult relationships. Possible connections between personality disorders and well-known approaches to personality development such as attachment theory have been made (Brennan &
The Case of Cognition1

In this chapter, we propose a coconstructionist model for the study of development within the Third Age using cognition as the sample case. In the first part of the chapter, we focus on the predecessors of cognitive development during the Third Age that occur in young adulthood and midlife. A coconstructionist view of cognition includes the identification of sets of neurobiologic and sociocultural influences whose role in affecting cognitive change during the Third Age will be considered. Two life span perspectives inform our model: The dual intelligence perspective proposed by Horn and Cattell (1967) and subsequently discussed by Baltes and colleagues, and second, the recent Coconstructionist perspective proposed by Baltes and colleagues (Baltes, 1997; Li, 2003; Li & Freund, 2005).
The Mediation of Emotions in Sport Events: A Case Study in Badminton

This study examines the relationships between functional quality, outcome quality, satisfaction, and future intentions, influenced by emotions, of spectators who attended the 2018 European Badminton Championships. The population studied was 686 spectators. The mean age was 36.08 ± 14.15 years, 39.1% were females, and 66.1% were local resident spectators. The results allow to affirm that functional quality and outcome quality have an impact on satisfaction, either directly or indirectly through emotions. In the same way, it has been possible to observe the relationship between satisfaction and future intentions of the spectators. These results help understand the factors that predict the loyalty of spectators of sports events of badminton.
Review on climatic abnormalities effect on area, productivity and strategies of mitigating technology on lentil (Lens culinaris) in central India

A study was conducted on climatic abnormalities impact on area and productivity during 3 decades of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh states of central India and mitigation technology influence on yield and economic benefits of lentil. Statistical analysis showed that absolute and relative changes in average area was slightly increased by 8.0 thousand ha and 0.8% against base years (1980 to 83) area (286.7 thousand ha), while productivity increased by 73.0 kg ha and 35.3% compared with productivity of base year (313.0 kg ha), respectively. Study showed significant variability in area (CV=17.3%) and productivity (CV=23.7%) of central India. The maximum area increased in Vindhyan plateau (35.4 thousand ha), whereas decreased in Kymore plateau and Satpura hills (-25.7 thousand ha), while relative changes were maximum in Gird region (108.8%) and decreased in Satpura plateau (-41.8%) compared with base years. Maximum absolute change in productivity was of Vindhyan plateau (221.3 kg ha), whereas it decreased in case of Satpura plateau (-17.0 kg ha) and similar trend was observed in relative changes compared to base years. Results of trials showed that adoptions of technologies were neutralized the effect of climatic abnormalities. Study revealed that seed yield losses of lentil were from 19.6 to 40.0% with abiotic stresses, while 11.6 to 18.8% with biotic stresses compared with mitigation technologies. Escaping of abiotic and biotic stresses with improved technologies enhanced seed yield from 24.3 to 66.7% and 13.2 to 23.2% compared with control, respectively. Similarly, using improved techniques for mitigation of climatic abnormalities gave significantly higher economic benefits compared to control.
Studies on physiological and molecular diversity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for phosphorus efficiency

Title of thesis : Studies on physiological and molecular diversity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for phosphorus efficiency Name of the degree holder : Gunjan Gera Title of the degree : Doctor of Philosophy Admission No. : 2009BS62D Name and address of Major advisor : Dr. (Mrs.) Sunita Sheokand Professor of Plant Physiology Department of Botany & Plant Physiology, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004, Haryana, (India). Degree awarding University/Institute : CCS HAU, Hisar-125004 (Haryana) India. Year of award of degree : 2013 Major subject : Plant Physiology Total number of pages in the thesis : 89 + xix Number of words in the abstract : . 400
Comparision of airway assessment by Mallampati classification and cormack and lehane grading in Indian population

Introduction: This prospective cross-sectional observational study was undertaken to compare preanaesthetic predictive value of Modified Mallampati classification in relation to Cormac Lehane grades in Indian population. Materials and Methods: One hundred patients of either sex, who have underwent general anaesthesia were includes in the study. Inclusion criteria were aged between 18 to 60 years, ASA grades I and II, weighing between 4580 kg. The parameters observed were, Mallampati class (MMT) during pre anaesthetic assessment and their percentages, Cormack and Lehane grades (CL) at intubation and their percentages and correlation of Cormack and Lehane grading and Mallampati classification. Results: Out of 100 patients, men women ratio was 1: 2.1(32: 68), mean age of the patients were 43.15± 12.96yrs, mean BMI of the patients were 23.34 ± 1.34 kg/m2. The corrected chi square test showed a value of 76.8 with a P value of < 0.001. The Spearman correlation co-efficient between Mallampati and Cormac Lehane classification is 0.8 and one tailed value is significant at 5% level. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the Mallampati classification were 42.86%, 82.56%, 28.57% and 89.87% respectively. Conclusion: To increase predictive value of preassessment of difficult airway, Mallampati test should be supplemented by other airway assessment tools.
Age and feeding habits of Atlantic spotted flounder Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes) from central Aegean Sea of Turkey

Age and feeding habits of Atlantic spotted flounder, Citharus linguatula, from Izmir Bay (central Aegean Sea coast of Turkey) were studied. Total length ranged between 6.8 and 23.2 cm. Overall female: male ratio was 1:1.34 and age distribution of the samples I and IV years (otolith readings). Atlantic spotted flounder grew positively allometrically (b=3.273±0.031, 95% confidence level). Growth parameters of the C. linguatula population were: L� =26.21 cm, K=0.301 year-1, t0=-0.621 years for all individuals. Growth index (�') was calculated as 2.32. Stomach analyses indicated that the species feeds on four major groups of prey: Polychaeta, Crustacea, Mollusca and Teleostei. According to a Bray-Curtis similarity index for ages, two groups were formed based on index percentage of relative importance of food items; I, II and III age groups constituted the first similarity and IV the second one.
Effects of Flavomycin, Bacillus licheniformis and Enramycin on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Gut Morphology and the Intestinal Microflora of Broilers

The effects of Flavomycin, Bacillus licheniformis and Enramycin on broiler performance, nutrient digestibility, gut morphology and the intestinal microflora were studied in a 42-d experiment. A total of 288, one-day-old, male, Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 12 pens per treatment and 6 birds per pen. The treatments were comprised of a control diet without supplementation, a diet supplemented with 5 ppm Flavomycin, a diet supplemented with the combination of 5 ppm Flavomycin and 1.35 × 109 CFU/kg Bacillus licheniformis, as well as a diet supplemented with 5 ppm Enramycin. The average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of birds fed the diet with Flavomycin combined with Bacillus licheniformis and the Enramycin diet were improved (P<0.05) compared with the control diet. The digestibility of dry matter, energy, and calcium for birds fed the combination of Flavomycin and Bacillus licheniformis and the Enramycin diet were also enhanced compared with the control diet. All additives improved the villus height and crypt depth in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum on d 21. In addition, reduced numbers of cecal E. coli (P<0.01) were found in birds fed all three supplemented diets on d 42. In conclusion, supplementation with Flavomycin and Bacillus licheniformis in combination or Enramycin would appear to be superior to supplementation with Flavomycin alone. All three supplemented diets were superior to the control.
“Functional and Radiological Outcome of Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning Of Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus In Children Aged 5 To 15 Years: A Prospective Interventional Study”

Background:-Supracondylar fractures of the humerus are common in paediatric ageand needs adequate treatment to prevent complications like cubitusvarus/ valgus, elbow stiffness, neurovascular damages, compartment syndromeand Volkmann’s ischaemic contracture.This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiologicaloutcomes and complications following close reduction and crossed percutaneous pinningoftype II & III (modified Gartland classification) supracondylar fractures of humerus in children (5-15 years age). Methods::-This prospective interventional study was conducted in Department of Orthopaedics at a tertiary referral hospital of western Rajasthan from June 2018 to November 2019. Study was done on 50children aged 5-15 years with supracondylar fracture of the humerus selected, who were managed byclosed reduction and percutaneous pinning (crossed). The minimum duration of follow up was 6 month. After assessing fracture union with serial radiographs, range of motion, carrying angle,final outcomes were evaluated by Modified Flynn’s criteria. Results:-Most of the supracondylar fractures of the humerus cases were between 5-7 years of age, According to modified Flynn criteria, most cases showed excellent results (73.33%), 13.33% cases showed good results, 8.89% cases showed fair results and 4.44% cases showed poor results. Two cases (4.4 %) had pin tract superficial infection. No other complications were recorded. Conclusion:-Closed reduction and crossed percutaneous pinning under C-arm guidance is an effective management technique of type II and type III Gartland supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children.
Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome: Updated Perspectives

: Almost ﬁ fteen years since its initial description, intraoperative ﬂ oppy iris syndrome (IFIS) during phacoemulsi ﬁ cation surgery remains a challenge for cataract surgeons in all its key aspects that include the strati ﬁ cation of the preoperative risk, preoperative prophylaxis treatment, surgery design and intraoperative management. Since its original association with tamsulosin intake, IFIS has been positively correlated with a plethora of risk factors which include: gender, age, hypertension, other a1-adrenergic receptor antagonists, ﬁ nasteride, angiotensin II receptor inhibitors, benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, hypertension drugs and decreased dilated pupil diameter. The assessment and strati ﬁ cation of the preoperative risk is pivotal in screening patients prone to develop IFIS. For these patients, it is essential that preoperative prophylaxis, employment of necessary measures and surgical technique modi ﬁ cations are considered. A multidisciplinary approach of IFIS is a mandate, thus ophthalmologists, urologists and sometimes other specialties should cooperate to “ edu-cate ” each other about the risks of their respective ﬁ elds. They both must be aware of the joint statement on IFIS by the American Academy of Ophthalmology and the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery which suggests either the initiation of tamsulosin after phacoemulsi ﬁ cation or the use of a non-selective a1-ARA for benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment. In conclusion, awareness of the risk factors associated with IFIS and their detailed preoperative documentation is crucial in addressing IFIS. The lack of such an awareness can turn a routine, uneventful surgery into one with signi ﬁ cant visual morbidity.
Assessment and mapping of soil nutrient status of Sakoli tehsil of Bhandara district of Maharashtra using GIS techniques

Composite soil samples were collected from 92 villages of Sakoli Tehsil of Bhandara district in Maharashtra state of India, located in north deccan Maharashtra lower plateau in ‘Wainganga’ sub-basin of ‘Godawari’ basin, during the pre-monsoon season of 2015-2018 and were analyzed for physico-chemical properties, available macronutrient and micro-nutrient status using standard methodology. The results showed that, pH, EC, OC, N, K, P, S, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and B were ranging from 6.13 to 7.31, 0.16-1.27 dSm-1, 0.27-0.87 %, 115.22-596.37 kg ha-1, 8.95-109.27 kg ha-1, 170.20-847.28 kg ha-1, 0.09-42.11 kg ha-1, 0.12-4.26 mg kg-1, 0.24-14.90 mg kg-1, 0.74-3.86 mg kg-1, 1.37-23.34 mg kg-1 and 0.11-2.36 mg kg-1 respectively. Overall 44.7% of total soil samples were in low category, 27.9 % samples were moderate or medium range and only 27.4 % soil samples were in high category of soil fertility. The nutrient index of N, P, K and S was 1.54, 2.37, 2.91 and 1.63 respectively. However, nutrient index of analyzed micronutrients viz., Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and B was 1.14, 1.49, 2.97, 2.80 and 1.00 respectively.
The Making and Unmaking of Opportunity: Educational Mobility in 20th Century-Denmark

IZA DP No. 14135 FEBRUARY 2021 The Making and Unmaking of Opportunity: Educational Mobility in 20th CenturyDenmark* We study intergenerational educational mobility in Denmark over the 20th century during which the comprehensive Danish welfare state was rolled out. While mobility initially was low, schooling reforms benefiting children from disadvantaged backgrounds led to dramatic increases in mobility for cohorts born between 1940 and 1960. However, the college expansion affecting cohorts born from 1970 onward has mainly benefited children from affluent backgrounds, resulting in rapidly declining mobility. Comparisons to educational mobility trends in the U.S. reveal that the two countries converge in mobility levels for the most recent cohorts despite the dramatically different welfare policies in place. JEL Classification: H0, I0, J0