Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistical Study on Electron and Ion Temperatures in the Near‐Earth Reconnection and Magnetic Pileup Regions

Plasma heating during the magnetic reconnection is not well understood, particularly in terms of adiabaticity, heating rate, and electron‐ion temperature ratio. This study focuses on macroscopic profiles of Ti, Te, and Ti/Te in the near‐Earth magnetotail, using data obtained from Magnetospheric Multiscale. Observation points are categorized into three different regions: low‐beta/high‐beta inflow region, the reconnection sites, and magnetic pileup regions. From low‐beta inflow region to high‐beta inflow region, both Ti and Te increase and electron entropy is constant. Ion entropy, on the other hand, increases across the transition. Inside the reconnection site, Ti and Te increase, and entropies remain constant. From the outflow region to the pileup region, electrons are selectively heated. Electron entropy increases in the transition. This statistical study suggests that nonadiabatic heating occurs around the plasma sheet boundary layer for ions and at the early stage of magnetic field pileup for electrons.
Ethnic Conflict in the Indian Subcontinent: Assessing the Impact of Multiple Cleavages

Abstract As majoritarian electoral politics and religious conservatism are rising in the major multi-ethnic South Asian countries, such as India and Pakistan, the events of mob lynching, ethnic clashes and targeting non-plural and minority communities are becoming more frequent. This article analyses which cleavages of marginalisation make some ethnic groups prone to violent social movements vis-a-vis others. Theoretically, through social constructivism and horizontal inequality, the study argues that socioeconomic condition, religion and language are the three broad cleavages that influence political behaviour of ethnic groups. Explicating the theory about underlying versus facilitating conditions of ethnic–civil conflicts, this article examines the prerequisites of ethnic conflicts. Thereafter, it evaluates which single cleavages and combinations of the aforementioned cleavages increase the probability of conflict occurrence in the Indian subcontinent. The argument is empirically evaluated on a sample of 60 ethnic groups of the Indian subcontinents over the period of 1947–2013. We find that groups affected by reinforcing cleavages of religious and economic marginalisation, and religious, economic and lingual marginalisation have engaged in active violence over the period of our study. Additionally, the reinforcing cleavages of language and economy, and language and religion are associated with sporadic violence. Apart from the combined effects, we find that the ethnic groups facing economic disadvantage alone can also engage in violence.
Sentiment and its asymmetric effect on housing returns

We use Google search frequency to construct sentiment indexes (positive and negative) for the housing market. We find that future housing prices are negatively related to our measure of negative sentiment but not significantly related to that of positive sentiment. These relationships are robust to controls for macroeconomic variables, stock market return, and Housing Market Index (HMI), a survey-based housing sentiment index. Furthermore, we find that an increase in negative sentiment results in a significant negative response in housing prices, while a decrease evokes little response. Thus, the housing market exhibits asymmetric responses to negative and positive sentiment and to increases versus decreases in negative sentiment. We attribute these asymmetric responses to the “negativity effect”. Finally, we find that home prices are more sensitive to sentiment during recessionary periods.
Öğretmenlerin Meslekî Gelişimleri: Engeller ve Öneriler

Egitimde niteligin gelistirilebilmesi icin ogretmenlerin mesleki gelisimlerinin onundeki engellerin belirlenmesi ve bu engellerin ortadan kaldirilmasina yonelik oneriler gelistirilmesi buyuk onem tasimaktadir. Bu arastirmanin amaci, ogretmenlerin mesleki gelisimlerinin onundeki engelleri belirlemek ve bu alana yonelik oneriler gelistirebilmektir. Arastirmada, 24 katilimcidan acik uclu sorular yardimiyla yazili olarak elde edilen veriler, nitel arastirma yontemleri ile incelenerek icerik analizi yardimiyla degerlendirilmistir. Ogretmen ve yonetici goruslerine gore, ogretmenlerin mesleki gelisimlerinin engelleri; yasal, pedagojik, yonetsel ve toplumsal nedenlere dayanmaktadir. Ozellikle, ogretmen secme, yetistirme ve istihdaminin yetersizligi, egitim politikalarindaki belirsizlik, egitim sisteminin surekli degismesi, ogretmen orgutlenmesinin yetersizligi, ogretmenlerdeki amac ve motivasyon eksikligi ile ogretmenlerin kariyer gelisimlerinin saglanamamasi, mesleki gelisimin engelleri olarak gorulmektedir. Arastirma bulgularina gore, ogretmenlerin mesleki gelisimlerinin onundeki engellerin ortadan kaldirilabilmesi icin, ogretmen yetistirme, secme ve istihdaminin yeniden duzenlenmesi, ogretmenlerin mesleki gelisimlerini saglayacak egitim politikasi ve egitim planlamasi yaklasimlarinin esas alinmasi, saglikli bir kariyer planlamasi sistemi olusturulmasi, yasam boyu ogrenme olanaklarinin saglanmasi, egitimde yapilacak her turlu degisikligin devlet politikasi olarak yurutulmesi onerilebilir.
Enhanced protection for children affected by AIDS. A companion paper to The Framework for the Protection Care and Support of Orphans and Vulnerable Children Living in a World with HIV and AIDS.

All children have the right to protection. A child whose family is wealthy can still be raped or beaten. A girl in a loving family may still be married against her will where this is the social norm. But the risks for children increase when their families are poor when children lack access to basic services or are stigmatized within their communities. Parents are childrens first line of protection and the risks of exploitation and abuse increase when parents or caregivers are absent due to illness death or abandonment. Because such problems are highly likely to cluster in the lives of children affected by AIDS they are particularly vulnerable to protection violations. Reaching this group of children can be difficult because they may be hidden from view due to the stigma surrounding HIV. (excerpt)
Lack of Awareness and Self-Neglect in a Patient with Suspicious Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Case Report

Ninety percent of malignant tumors that present in the mouth are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). It may affect any anatomical site in the mouth, but most commonly found on the lip, ventral or lateral tongue and the floor of the mouth. These lesions are seen as red, white, red-white, exophytic, or ulcerative lesions. The various problems such as patient personality, social environment and symptoms of the disease can be influenced the awareness and delay of the diagnosis thereby affecting the prognosis of SCC. A suspect case of SCC was found in a 71-years old female who came to Faculty Dental Hospital of Universitas Indonesia with a chief complaint of swollen and easily bleeding gingiva for one month on the left mandible. Intraoral tumor lesions exist in the region 35, 36, 37 of the alveolar left mandible with indentation of tooth antagonists on the dorsal surface and also the irreversible white plaque lesions with reddish erosive lesions on the lateral and ventral left tongue with induration extending to the left floor of the mouth. Chronic gingivitis and radix also founded. For the management, patient was given the information about SCC and motivation involving her family also oral hygiene care instructions. Then the patient was referred to an Oncologist and administered of chlorine dioxide mouthwash and multivitamin. Cytological was performed and malignant squamous cells were discovered. After tumor excision, the patient refused chemotherapy, but unfortunately, she died seven months later. As a conclusion, lack of awareness and self-neglect in SCC is reflected by the extent of the tumor and it requires more aggressive treatment which tailored to patient's condition and involves co-operation of other competent colleagues. Keywords–squamous cell carcinoma, awareness, self-
Comparison study between seven-level SVPWM and two-level SVPWM strategy in direct vector control of a DFIG-based wind energy conversion systems

In this paper, we present a comparative study between two-level space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) and seven-level SVPWM strategy in direct vector control (DVC) of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). The feasibility and effectiveness of the two strategies are demonstrated by simulation results. The obtained results showed that, the proposed DVC strategy with Seven-level SVPWM technique have stator and rotor current with low harmonic distortion and low active and reactive powers ripples than two-level SVPWM strategy.
Characterizing the phenolic constituents of U.S. Southeastern blackberry cultivars

BACKGROUND: Georgia’s small fruit sector is important to the state’s agricultural economy, and is seeking ways to promote their fruits in the health and wellness market. Based on the hot, humid, climatic conditions of the U.S. Southeast, three blackberry varieties, namely ‘Navaho’, ‘Ouachita’, and ‘Kiowa’, can grow, but a complete characterization of their antioxidant phenolic constituents has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities in U.S. Southeastern erecttype blackberry cultivars of commercial significance. METHODS: Phenolics from blackberries were isolated, separated, and elucidated both qualitatively and quantitatively by various chromatographic means, including HPLC–ESI–MS and MALDI–TOF–MS. RESULTS: Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, malvidin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside malonate, and propelargonidin B-type dimer were present in the Southeastern blackberries, which have not been found in any major U.S. cultivars. MALDI–TOF–MS analysis revealed a distinctive ellagitannin profile among the cultivars, and identified 5 additional ellagitannin compounds that were not elucidated by HPLC–ESI–MS. The detection of the propelargonidin B-type dimer revealed that the flavan-3-ols of blackberries are not limited to (epi)catechin-based compounds. CONCLUSIONS: U.S. Southeastern erect-type blackberry cultivars grown in Georgia showed distinct phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities from those of Pacific Northwestern cultivars.
Expression Analysis of ERFs during Storage under Modified Atmosphere Packaging (High-concentration of CO2) of Fresh-cut Lotus Root

Ethylene response factor (ERF) genes have been characterized in numerous plants, where they are associated with responses to biotic and abiotic stress. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is an effective treatment to prevent lotus root browning. However, the possible relationship between ERF transcription factors and lotus root browning under MAP remains unexplored. In this study, the effects of phenol, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) enzyme activities; and PPO, PAL, POD, and ERF gene expression on fresh-cut lotus root browning were studied with MAP. The expression pattern of ERF2/5 correlated highly with the degree of browning. It is suggested that NnERF2/5 can be used as an important candidate gene for the regulation of fresh-cut lotus root browning under MAP, and the correlation of each gene should be studied further.
Antibiotic Susceptibility and Prevalence of Adhesion Genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates Detected in Carrier Children in Tehran

Background: Pharyngeal carriers are the source and transitional vectors of invasive diseases. Attachment is the ﬁrst step in pathogenicity. Strains of Streptococcus as normal ﬂora can cause diseases in certain circumstances. Adhesion proteins of these bacteria play a fundamental role in the attachment and colonization. Objectives: Inthepresentstudy,5genesencodingsurfaceproteinsnamely phtD , pspC , phtE , lytA ,and rrgA wereevaluatedin Streptococcuspneumoniae isolates collected from 4 main care centers and the children’s Medical center in Tehran. Methods: 308 nasopharyngeal swab specimens were collected from children under 6 years. The identiﬁcation of S. pneumoniae isolates was performed using biochemical tests conﬁrmed by PCR for the presence of cpsA gene. The existence of phtD , phtE , pspC , lytA , and rrgA genes was studied by PCR ampliﬁcation assays. Results: From308nasopharyngealswabs,102isolatesof S.pneumoniae wereconﬁrmedbyidentiﬁcationtests. Amongtheseisolates, 87 (85.2%), 54 (52.9%), 51 (50%), 43 (42.1%), and 31 (30.3%) were positive for lytA , rrgA , phtE , pspC , and phtD genes, respectively. Conclusions: Our study showed that cpsA of S. pneumoniae is one of the major characteristic genetic markers for diagnostic pur-poses. Among ﬁve adhesion genes, lytA was the most frequent one and the strains with a combination of rrgA and lytA genes were predominant. These ﬁndings could be very useful in designing further studies on vaccines against S. pneumoniae in our country.
Local labour market competition and radical right voting: Evidence from France

How do the economic effects of immigration affect radical right support? The evidence in support of the labour market competition theory—which posits that the economic threat posed by immigration to jobs and wages leads to radical right voting—has been mixed. On the one hand, individual‐level surveys underreport economic drivers because of social desirability bias. On the other hand, contextual studies show contradictory findings due to an over‐reliance on units of analysis that are too aggregated to meaningfully capture the competitive threat posed by immigrants. This paper identifies the influence of labour market competition on radical right voting at a local level in contexts where native workers are directly affected by the arrival of immigrants who have similar or higher skillsets. Using an original longitudinal dataset of fine‐grained municipal electoral, demographic and economic data from France over the 2002–2017 period, the paper provides empirical evidence of local contextual influences of economic competition between natives and immigrants of any skillset. Under local conditions of material deprivation, measured by the local unemployment rate, the effect of labour market competition on municipalities’ radical right vote share is amplified. Moreover, higher radical right support is observed in municipalities with a higher share of any one of the following groups: low‐skilled natives; medium‐skilled immigrants; or high‐skilled immigrants. This supports the hypothesis that immigrants with higher qualifications are compelled to accept lower‐skilled jobs, and are thus perceived as a competitive threat to low‐skilled natives. By reconciling radical right contextual studies and research on the political economy of immigration policies, this paper highlights the importance of a local analysis in detecting the effect of labour market competition on radical right support. This paper also explains why some local areas are more prone to radical right support than others over time.
Endoscopic medial maxillectomy with preservation of inferior turbinate in maxillary sinus inverted papilloma

Objectives: Endoscopic medial maxillectomy has now become the gold standard surgical treatment for the majority of inverted papillomas that involves the maxillary sinus. However, this approach sacrifi ces the inferior turbinate which is responsible for conditioning of the nasal airfl ow. This study was done to assess the effectiveness of preservation of inferior turbinate in endoscopic medial maxillectomy.
The impact of lymphocytic infiltrates on the progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia to prostatic carcinoma

Background and objective Although lymphocytic infiltrate (LI) has been reported in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate carcinoma (PC), its role in BPH progression to PC is still a topic of debate. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of LI in PC progression through correlation of LI to expression of nuclear factor &kgr;B (NF-&kgr;B) and cyclin D1 aiming to find a new diagnostic marker, or a potential therapeutic target that may improve PC management. Materials and methods We studied 100 BPH cases and 50% of these cases also had PC. Archived paraffin blocks were microtomed at 4–5 &mgr;m and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to revise diagnosis and grading. In addition, an immunohistochemical analysis was carried out using antibodies against CD3, CD20, NF-&kgr;B, and cyclin D1 and then these results were correlated with clinicopathological variables. Results We found LI in both BPH and PC cases, with a predominance of T lymphocytes over B lymphocytes. There was a statistically significant correlation of LI to NF-&kgr;B (P<0.001), and cyclin D1 (P<0.001), and a statistically significant correlation of NF-&kgr;B to cycling D1 was detected (P<0.001). Cyclin D1 is expressed exclusively in the malignant prostatic epithelium. Conclusion The tense LI detected in prostate hyperplasia and carcinoma may activate NF-&kgr;B and this in turn may induce epithelial cell proliferation through cyclin D1 overexpression and neoplastic transformation. Cyclin D1 can be used to differentiate between BPH and PC.
Triple Helix, as an acceleration model of Sustainable Development Goals

This paper analyses the inter-relation between the Triple Helix Model (THM) and the advancement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – both focused on positively affecting the socio-economic development through bringing together creators, implementers and enablers in a setting of multi-stakeholders collective actions. In the same line with Triple Helix model, SDGs call on governments, private sector and academia to collaborate in new ways to make our world a better place to live in. By bringing together the three dimensions of sustainable development into one framework, the Triple Helix model enables broad, cross-sector, and long-term analyses of the impacts through innovative policies, research, and implementation joint actions. This paper gives a brief overview of the triple helix model and its potentials of implementation in Albania. It also provides a critical analysis of the Albanian context in terms of this model application when combined with the country ambitions to accelerate the pace towards SDGs. More specifically, the paper analyzes and examines the relations between the academia and the business sector, as well as the role of the government in initiating the whole process of sustainable innovation. The paper concludes that the Triple Helix structures have a significant role in engaging collective actions, also in line with SDG 17, despite the country current weaknesses, adding more value to the leading role of the universities.
Funny English in the Digital World.

This paper aims to study English jokes on Facebook. Since the current generation of our students is often described as Net Geners, learning the English language via jokes posted on social media can be one of the supportive ways for EFL learners to improve their L2 linguistic competence as well as L2 humor competence. The data, or jokes, in this study were collected from one of the most popular public pages, entitled “English is Fun”. Seventy four jokes (out of 200 posts) from 1 to 16 April 2019 were collected and analyzed. The study result revealed that there were two major types of jokes: one was in a textual form while the other was a mixed-code message, or a combination of verbal and non-verbal elements. The latter was further classified into two subtypes: one had a verbal element as the primary factor to provoke humor while the other required interaction between the verbal element and non-verbal element. In addition, the findings showed that there were four types of logical mechanisms: pun, false analogy, faulty reasoning, and satire. As jokes can be a good source of teaching materials, three possible ways for using jokes in teaching the English language were suggested.
The accuracy of earnings forecast in IPO prospectuses: Evidence from Indonesia

The financial information that attracts the attention of most investors is the earnings forecast. Because investors are more interested in the company's prospects in the future than historical information. But in reality earnings forecast is less accurate, while the factors that are suspected to influence give inconsistent findings. This study aims to determine the effect of the forecast horizon, underwriter reputation, auditor reputation, company size, company age, leverage ratio, industry type and IPO market on the accuracy of earnings forecast. The population of all companies that IPO in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2015-2018, were selected using the purposive sampling method, obtained 107 samples. Secondary data were obtained from the company's prospectus and annual report. The analytical method used is multiple regression. The accuracy level of earnings forecasts is measured using forecast error numbers. Mean forecast error 28.86 percent is reported over the entire sample period. Then only underwriter reputation and company size have a significant positive effect on the accuracy of earnings forecasts. And the hot IPO market has a negative effect on the accuracy of earnings forecasts. The implications of research show that underwriter reputation, company size, and IPO market became the important indicators in determining investment strategies in IPO shares. JEL Classification: D82, G14, G17, R53 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v23i4. 3509
Clinical study of blood pressure variability in aged patients with H type hypertension

Objective: To explore characteristics and influencing factors for blood pressure variability (BPV) in aged patients with H type hypertension. Methods: A total of 100 patients with essential hypertension, who were treated in our hospital from December 2012 to December 2013, were selected. According to serum level of homocysteine (Hcy), patients were divided into pure hypertension group (n = 42, Hcy < 15.4 μmol/L) and H type hypertension group. All patients received 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (24hABPM), and BPV indexes were recorded and compared between two groups. Correlation among BPV indexes and general data were analyzed, and multi-factor linear regression analysis was used to analyze influencing factors for BPV indexes. Results: Compared with pure hypertension group, there were significant increases in 24 h systolic blood pressure standard deviation [24hSSD, (12.80 ± 2.23) vs. (16.01 ± 3.11)], daytime SSD [dSSD, (11.58 ± 2.30) vs. (13.86 ± 2.26)] and nighttime SSD [nSSD, (9.41 ± 1.64) vs. (11.71 ± 2.34)] in H type hypertension group, p < . 05 or p < . 01. Pearson correlation analysis showed that Hcy, total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly positively correlated with 24hSSD, dSSD and nSSD (r = 0.201-0.508, p < .05 or p < .01). Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that Hcy and TC were significantly positively correlated with 24hSSD, dSSD and nSSD (B = 0.194-0.546, p < .05 or p < .01). Conclusions: Systolic BPV in aged patients with H type hypertension was significantly higher than that of patients with pure hypertension, their serum Hcy level, TC elevating level were significantly positively correlated with systolic BPV and were major influencing factors for BPV in these patients.
Trust in education

Abstract The philosophy of trust is a relatively small subfield. Nonetheless, it contains within it many important insights. Our contention in this paper is that careful study of this subfield can bring with it many insights that can and should be used to reconsider a variety of arguments that have been brought forward in the literature on the philosophy of education and other areas of educational research. Our focus is largely destructive in section 2 of the paper. We object to two recent papers from the philosophy of education literature arguing that they fail to recognise important insights from the philosophical literature on trust. In section 3 we say something more positive, noting the routes forward.