Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Over-determined Speech Source Separation and Dereverberation

In this paper, we propose a joint speech source separation and dereverberation technique which works well when the number of microphones is more than the number of speech sources. Microphones that exceed the number of sound sources are utilized for background noise reduction. The proposed method extends the recently proposed ILRMA-T into an over-determined technique. We reveal that an orthogonal constraint enables efficient update of a noise reduction filter in the proposed framework similar to the previously proposed over-determined speech source separation case. Secondly, the proposed method utilizes a joint diagonalization framework to reduce the residual noise signal in the output separated signal. Experimental results show that the proposed method efficiently separates speech sources in reverberant and noisy environments.
A Survey of TCP Congestion Control Algorithm

With the rapid development of the Internet, various Internet based applications have emerged, and the data traffic on the Internet has increased dramatically. Network congestion has become a core problem in the field of network research. Appropriate congestion control (CC) can alleviate network congestion problems. Due to the complexity of the congestion, congestion control is a very difficult problem. The existing control scheme still cannot effectively solve the congestion problem. This article introduces some important congestion control algorithms in TCP, and points out the advantages and disadvantages of these algorithms through comparison. Moreover, we propose some potential improvements for further research.
Phoneme Embeddings on Predicting Fundamental Frequency Pattern for Electrolaryngeal Speech

Electrolaryngeal (EL) speech has robotic quality owing to constant fundamental frequency (F0) patterns. In existing F0 pattern prediction frameworks, acoustic models are trained on spectral features of a large corpus of healthy speech. However, EL speech does not embed any useful information about F0 into spectrogram. Moreover, creating datasets with reasonably large number of EL utterances for training neural networks is very time-consuming. Hence, F0 prediction based on other features with sharing capability between EL and normal speech must be investigated. In this study, we investigate F0 prediction based on clustering of the phoneme embeddings. For a dataset consisting of utterances of both speech types, phoneme labels are extracted. These phoneme labels are then used to learn phoneme embeddings in a common 2-D space. Through clustering of the learned phoneme embeddings, new onehot features are created for F0 prediction. Experimental results show that when considering training sets consisting mixed utterances of EL and normal speech, by using new features, improvements in F0 prediction accuracy can be achieved. Moreover, accurate F0 patterns can be predicted even based on lower-dimensional features corresponding to small values for the number of clusters. This could simplify the structure of the recognition system required to extract phoneme labels from EL speech.
Flower Classification and Recognition Based on Significance Test and Transfer Learning

Aiming at the problem that traditional flower classification methods and ordinary convolutional neural networks are difficult to reduce the effect of flower background, the classification effect is not ideal. This paper designs a flower classification model that combines saliency detection and VGG-16 convolutional neural network, and adopts stochastic gradient descent algorithm and prevents over-fitting technology to improve the model. Experiments on the international public flower recognition data set Oxford flower-102 show that the model proposed in this paper is better than other traditional network models and has high recognition accuracy, robustness and generalization ability, which can classify flowers and have higher practical value accurately and quickly.
Deep Image Refinement Method by Hybrid Training With Images of Varied Quality in Electrical Capacitance Tomography

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) has been applied in many fields for process monitoring. Knowing the permittivity values of target dielectric objects is essential in lots of application scenarios. Conventional methods have difficulty in predicting permittivity values of dielectrics and cannot solve the dilemmas between image quality and time efficiency. A deep learning-based method is proposed to refine the images reconstructed by conventional methods, with a multi-level fusion layer added to derive the permittivity values of multiple (>2) different dielectrics in the sensing field. A hybrid training strategy is implemented by taking images of varied qualities as inputs to the deep neural network during training, which are reconstructed by non-iterative and iterative methods such as Linear back projection (LBP) and Landweber iteration. With this strategy, low-quality input images reconstructed by LBP can be refined to the equivalent level of quality as those by iterative methods such as Landweber iteration, with the time consumption significantly reduced. Simulation and experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing with the conventional reconstruction methods as well as other deep learning-based methods without taking images reconstructed by conventional methods as network inputs or without using the hybrid training strategy.
Non-line-of-sight Imaging with Radio Signals

Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging reconstructs the shape and albedo of objects outside the field of view of an imaging system. Based on this technique, a wide range of applications such as autonomous vehicle navigation, robotic and machine vision, as well as medical imaging will possess unprecedented capabilities. Recent NLOS imaging approaches employ ultra-fast pulsed laser and time-resolved photon detector to collect light transients, which are however time-consuming due to the point-by-point grid scan on the wall. Moreover, the maximum imaging distance is only a few meters because of the limitation of the photon counter. In this paper, we introduce Radio Frequency (RF) NLOS imaging to reconstruct hidden objects with radio signals. By analyzing the image formation model, we transform the reconstruction problem into an optimization problem that can be solved with additional constraints. The simulation results validate that we can reconstruct letter-shaped objects using a 12×12 multipleinput multiple-output (MIMO) array and a stepped frequency signal with a bandwidth of 4GHz. , Compared with the optical NLOS imaging, the proposed method can capture the hidden 3D geometry at longer ranges with shorter acquisition times.
Flow Boiling in Minichannels of Copper, Brass, and Aluminum Round Tubes

The past work on flow boiling heat transfer in minichannels ranging one to three millimeters of hydraulic diameter has indicated that the local heat transfer coefficients are largely independent of mass flux and vapor quality, but mainly a function of wall heat flux. The present work is a revisit of flow boiling in minichannels by conducting experiment using 1.67 mm inner diameter tubes of three different materials; aluminum, brass, and copper, to investigate an effect of the tube inner surface conditions with the focus on an effect on nucleate boiling. Tests were conducted for R-22, a fixed mass flux of 600 kg/m2 s, 5∼30 kW/m2 of wall heat flux, 0.0∼0.9 of local vapor quality. The present experimental data confirmed that the flow boiling heat transfer coefficient in a minichannel varies only by heat flux, independent of mass flux and vapor quality. The effect of tube material was found small for the tubes used in the present work. The present data were well predicted by the correlation proposed by Tran et al. (1996). Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Effect of lupin flour incorporation on the physical characteristics of dough and biscuits

Introduction: The incorporation of protein and dietary fibre rich lupin flour to biscuits has the potential to improve the nutritional value however it may adversely affect the physical and sensory properties. Objectives: To study the effect of lupin flour incorporation on the physical characteristics and sensory properties of biscuits to provide information to the potential manufacturers. Methods: Biscuit samples were prepared by substituting wheat flour with lupin flour at 0–50% levels. The samples were analysed for changes in dimensions, colour, texture and sensory properties. Results: Incorporation up to 40% level had no significant effect on biscuit diameter but thickness increased at ≥ 20%. No change in the L* values of dough and biscuits at ≤ 20% substitution. The a* values of dough decreased with increase in lupin flour concentration but in biscuit no significant change was observed up to 20% substitution. The b* values demonstrated a significant increase at ≤ 20% substitution. Biscuit hardness and fracturability demonstrated an increase with the increase in lupin flour concentration at ≥ 20%. Sensory evaluation revealed an improvement in colour with lupin flour substitution with no significant changes in taste, flavour, texture and overall acceptability up to 20% substitution. Conclusion: Lupin flour can be successfully incorporated into biscuits by replacing up to 20% of wheat flour to increase protein and dietary fibre contents. JAYASENA V & NASAR-ABBAS S.M (2011). Effect of lupin flour incorporation on the physical characteristics of dough and biscuits. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods, 3, 140–147
Influence of the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thickness and Ga grading on solar cell performance

Thin‐film solar cells with Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorber layers ranging from 1.8 to 0.15 μm in thickness were fabricated by co‐evaporation, with both homogeneous and Ga/(Ga + In) graded composition. The absorption of the CIGS layers was determined and compared with corresponding QE measurements in order to obtain the optical related losses. The material characterization included XRD as well as cross‐sectional SEM analysis. Devices with CIGS layers of all thicknesses were fabricated, and down to 0.8–1 μm they showed a maintained high performance (η ∼ 15%). When the CIGS layer was further reduced in thickness the loss in performance increased. The main loss was observed for the short‐circuit current, although the loss was not only due to a reduced absorbance. The open‐circuit voltage was essentially not affected by the reduction of the CIGS thickness, while the fill factor showed a slight decrease. The fill factor loss was eliminated by introducing a Ga/(Ga+In) graded CIGS, which also resulted in an increased open‐circuit voltage of 20–30 mV for all CIGS thicknesses. Device results of 16.1% efficiency at 1.8 μm CIGS thickness, 15.0% at 1.0 μm and 12.1% at 0.6 μm (total area without anti‐reflective coating) were achieved. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The practice of obtaining informed consent for elective surgery and anesthesia from patients’ perspective: An institutional based cross-sectional study

Introduction Informed consent is a body of shared decision-making process and voluntary authorization of patients to receive medical or surgical intervention. There are limited studies conducted so far to examine the practice of informed consent in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the practice of informed consent process for surgery and Anesthesia. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2019. The data were collected using interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed in SPSS version 23. Results A total of 139 patients were interviewed in this study. Most 42(30.2%) of patients were in the age group of 29–38 years. Nearly half 68 (48.9%) of the patients were informed the benefits of the surgical procedure and 78(56.1%) of the patients were informed on the type of anesthesia to be administered while 65 (46.8%) were not informed on any complication related to the anesthesia. About 66 (47.5%) of patients were informed on alternatives to the surgery. Of these patients, 39(59%) were not informed of any benefits and possible risks associated with the alternative modes of treatment. About half (54%) of the patients were reported as they were understood the information provided during the pre-operative informed consent process. Conclusion This research revealed that patients were inadequately informed on the complications of proposed procedure, alternative forms of treatment, risks and benefits of the proposed procedure. Therefore, healthcare providers should provide adequate information regarding the proposed procedure and make sure whether patients understood the risks and benefits before the consent.
A Replication Study of User Motivation in Protecting Information Security using Protection Motivation Theory and Self-Determination Theory

: Securing one’s data and protecting important information from various security threats are essential tasks for all end users, whether they be home users or organizational users. The motivation for doing so, however, may be entirely different for these two user populations. In 2017, Menard et al. conducted a study of home end users’ behavioral intentions regarding the installation of password management software using Self-Determination Theory (SDT), Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), and an integrated SDT-PMT model. This methodological replication study replicated those model comparisons to test organizational users’ behavioral intentions. We surveyed more than 300 organizational users who did not have password management software installed on their devices. We found support to suggest that, while both home and organizational users are significantly motivated by PMT-and SDT-enabled appeals, organizational users are significantly more motivated than their home user counterparts to install password management software when exposed to SDT-embedded appeals. We believe this outcome is the result of the multi-faceted sense of accountability (to themselves, their coworkers, and their organization) that organizational users experience but home users do not. This methodological replication of Menard et al. (2017) provided an opportunity to expose this multi-faceted view of accountability among organizational users and offers a foundation for future research to delve more closely into the nature of accountability in this context.
Utilization of MSW Compost and other Organic Mulches on Commercial Vegetable Crops

Increased availability of commercially derived composts and problems with disposal of polyethylene mulch are factors which precipitated an investigation of the long term effects of organic and polyethylene film mulches on soils, plant growth, and yields. Three experiments were performed comparing polyethylene film mulch (PM) with mulches of commercial municipal solid waste compost (MW), dried sewage sludge (SS) and wood chips (WC). In 1990, bell pepper (Capsicum annum L.) plants on PM yielded 8.9 t'ha“1, which was significantly higher than the 1.9,4.6, and 7.2 t•ha−1 produced at MW compost rates of 13, 40 and 121 t•ha−1, respectively. Yields increased linearly with increasing rates of compost mulch. In spring, 1992, each organic material was applied at 224 and 336 t•ha−1 and winter (spaghetti) squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) was seeded. Soil moisture was higher under organic mulches than under PM. Soil temperatures in the mornings were not significantly different among mulches, but in the afternoons: SS>PM>MW>.
IDENTIFYING THE PATTERNS OF SELF-HARM AND SUICIDE ATTEMPTS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN SINGAPORE

Objective: In the past decade, self-harm and suicidal behaviours in adolescents have increased with teen suicides in Singapore reaching a record high in 2015. Globally, completed suicide is reported to be second leading cause of death in this demographic. This study aims to explore the methods of self-harm and suicide attempts employed by young people who are admitted to a tertiary paediatric hospital in Singapore. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective medical record review was conducted for a 3-year period from 2012 to 2014. All patients admitted with self-harm or suicide attempts and referred for inpatient consultation were included in the study. Data was collected on the following: age, gender, race, if the attempt was a suicide attempt or self-harm, and method used. Results: A total of 106 cases were referred for self-harm or suicide attempt; 15 of these cases were male patients and 91 were female patients. A total of 47% were categorized as self-harm, and 41% for the suicide attempt. In another 5%, the intention was recorded as ambivalent, and 7% cited other reasons. The 3 most common methods were drug ingestion (63%), self-cutting (18%) and chemical ingestion (12%). Results show that drug ingestion remains the preferred method, even after stratification according to gender, age and intention. Paracetamol was the most common drug ingested. Conclusion: Drug ingestion is the main choice for our youth when it comes to self-harm or attempting suicide. This could likely be due to the easy access of medications. Further studies can be done to determine how and where these medications were obtained. This could help explore areas for improvement when it comes to safe storage of medicine at home, disposing of expired medicines and drug regulations in terms of sale of medicines to minors over the counter. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 18 (2): July – December 2017: XX XX.
Association between self-reported empathy and sport experience in young adults

Problem Statement Empathy, which consists of two components such as cognitive empathy and affective empathy, is an essential skill in humans that allows to create and maintain relationships with others. Although the usual physical activity amount positively correlates with cognitive empathy in healthy young adults, the effect of sport experience on empathy is unclear. Purpose This study aimed to clarify the relationship between sport experience (including type of sports and level of sport success) and self-reported empathy. Approach The participants were college students; there were 189 individual sport athletes and 187 team sport athletes who had over 6 years of sport experience and 128 non-athletes. Self-reported empathy and usual amounts of physical activity in subjects were evaluated using the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form, respectively. In addition, their sport major and history of sport experiences were recorded. Results In this study, we determined that both individual sport and team sport athletes showed higher cognitive empathy than non-athletes, although affective empathy was not related to sport experience in the participants. In addition, there was no difference in self-reported empathy between individual sport athletes and team sport athletes. Furthermore, the level of sport success was not related to selfreported empathy in the athletes Conclusion Our results suggest that sport experience may contribute to attaining better empathy in humans regardless of type of sports and level of sport success, which implies the potential role of physical education and extracurricular activities in school on empathy in adolescents.
Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Mentha pulegium L. from Bodrum, Turkey

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of Mentha pulegium L. ’s essential oils from Bodrum, Turkey and to compare it with the literature values. The essential oils in this study were prepared by two different methods, by Clevenger and Steam Distillation. The yields of the essential oils, obtained by Clevenger and steam distillation were 1.6 % and 1.1 %, respectively. The composition of the essential oils were analysed by GC and GC-MS using Carbowax-20M as polar and DB-5 as apolar columns. The headspace analysis of this plant was examined, too. The basic components of steam distillation method on apolar DB-5 column, were isomenthone (42.1 %), pulegone (28.9 %), piperitenone (11.8 %) and piperitone (11.6 %). Analysis of Clevenger type method on the same column gave pulegone (34.6 %), piperitenone (31.4 %), isomenthone (17.9 %) and piperitone (9.7 %) as main components. The major components of headspace analysis of Mentha pulegium L. on DB5 column were isomenthone (52.6 %), pulegone (29.5 %) and menthol (3.6 %).
Empowering Studentsâ€™ Writing Skill through Performance Assessment

It is quite common to our understanding that classroom assessment outcomes are not sensitive to the goal of teaching and learning language skills. More specifically, the assessment cannot allow the students to present what they know and what they are supposed to do. The purpose of classroom assessment is to inform teaching and to improve learning. Performance assessment gives the students a chance to demonstrate their knowledge and absorb a wide variety of information on language teaching and learning activities. This study aims to analyze the implementation of performance assessment in improving students' writing skills and disclosing the students' psychological factors on implementing performance assessment in the writing learning process. This is a descriptive qualitative study that was carried out for three months, namely October-December 2018. The participants of the research were 28 English department students of Udayana University. The instruments used were writing rubric, questionnaires, and interviews. Â These data were analyzed with the assistance of the excel chart data series software program and then followed by qualitative interpretation. The questionnaire data were displayed in the form of a percentage, while the data from the interviews were narrated in detail based on students' responses. The findings of the study reported a positive impact on students' writing skills (the mean post-test result = 78), boosts students' interest and awareness (92,85%), self-esteem (85,71%), and their motivation (78,57%). The practitioners are expected to implement performance assessment in enhancing students to be a competent English writer.
Eﬀects of Ad-Blockers Adoption on Digital Piracy: A Blessing or a Curse?

This paper studies the eﬀect of ad-blockers adoption on digital piracy in a duopoly market with a legal platform oﬀering video-on-demand services, and a pirate platform relying on advertisement revenues. We show that the eﬀect of ad-blockers adoption on the market structure is sensitive to the type of welfare maximisation problem pursued by the ad-blocker. Our results demonstrate that by partially reducing the level of advertisements, the ad-blocker adoption exerts competitive pressure on the legal ﬁrm, shifting some of its pre-adoption demand in favour of the pirate demand (a pro-piracy eﬀect) prompting the legal ﬁrm to lower its prices to recover some of its (lost) demand. We further show that when the ad-blocker pursues an unconstrained consumer’ surplus max-imisation problem, it can either induce a zero level of advertisement or an excessively high level of advertisement both of which induce consumers to use only the legal platform. In this case, the presence of ad-blockers grants a monopoly position to the legal ﬁrm. We further discuss various policy implications emerging from our analysis.
Nanoseparated Polymeric Networks with Multiple Antimicrobial Properties

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