Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved Irrigation Management of Sweet Orange with Huanglongbing

Because of the decline in production and negative economic effects, there is an urgent need for strategies to reduce the impact of Huanglongbing (HLB) on citrus [ Citrus 3 sinensis (L.) Osbeck]. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different irrigation schedules on total available soil water (TAW) and water uptake characteristics of citrus trees affected by HLB in central and southwest Florida. The study was initiated in Jan. 2014 for 2 years on 5-year-old sweet orange trees located in three commercial groves at Arcadia, Avon Park, and Immokalee, FL. Each grove had three irrigation scheduling treatments including the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) recommendations, Daily irrigation, and an Intermediate treatment. All groves received similar volumes of water per week based on evapotranspiration (ET o ) reported by the Florida Automated Weather Network. Sap ﬂow (SF) measurements were taken for two trees per treatment for at least 10 days per site (twice/year). During those periods, leaf area, leaf area index (LAI), and stem water potential ( C ) were determined. Also, TAW was determined using drainage curve and capacitance soil moisture sensors installed at incremental soil depths of 0–15, 15–30, and 30–45 cm. Results showed signiﬁcant differences in average SF, LAI, C , and TAW measurements among treatments. Diurnal SF value under daily irrigation treatment increased by 91%, 51%, and 105% compared with UF/IFAS irrigation in Arcadia, Avon Park, and Immokalee, respectively. Soil water contents (WCs) under daily treatment increased by 59%, 59%, and 70% compared with UF/IFAS irrigation treatment in Arcadia, Avon Park, and Immokalee, respectively. Our results indicated that daily irrigation improved tree water dynamics compared with IFAS or Intermediate irrigation scheduling treatments and reduced tree stress with the same volume of water.
Effect of Body Measurements on First Lactation Milk Yield in Jersey Crosses And Holstein Friesian Crosses

A study was conducted to predict the influence of body measurements on first lactation milk yield of Jersey crosses and Holstein Friesian crosses. Body weight, body height, heart girth, body length and posterior girth measurements were taken from 50 Jersey crosses and 70 HF crosses. Experimental animals were fed and managed under tail to tail system of housing at dairy farm. From the calculation of data on different parameters it is concluded that body measurements has non-significant effect on body weight, heart girth, body length, body height and posterior girth on first lactation milk yield in Jersey crosses. In Holstein Friesian crosses had significant effect on body weight and posterior girth and non significant effect on heart girth, body length and body height on first lactation milk yield in HF crosses.
Population genomic analysis of inflorescence, plant height and leaf architecture components in sorghum (Panicoidae); and comparative genetics with rice (Oryzoidae)

6 INTRODUCTION . 6 QTL ALIGNMENT . 8 TOOLS . 9 APPLICATION EXAMPLES . 10 FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS . 12 3 GENETIC ANALYSIS OF INFLORESCENCE AND PLANT HEIGHT COMPONENTS IN SORGHUM (PANICOIDAE) AND COMPARATIVE GENETICS WITH RICE (ORYZOIDAE) . 16 ABSTRACT . 17. 17 INTRODUCTION . 18
Freshwater mussels from South America: state of the art of Unionida, specially Rhipidodontini

Unionida is the most diverse clade of freshwater bivalves. Among the groups occurring in South America, one with the highest number of species is Rhipidodontini (Hyriidae, Unionida, Paleoheterodonta, Bivalvia). However several issues remains on taxonomy and systematic of this group, leading to problems on species identification, description, as also as a limiting factor to other type of studies (e.g., ecology, conservation,.). In this paper is presented a synthesis of available knowledge about Diplodon Spix in Wagner, 1827 and Rhipidodonta Mörch, 1853 in South America, as a first step in order to a better understating of Rhipidodontini. The evaluation of different authors exposes the little agreement between them that resulted in a sort of divergent taxonomical opinions. Some comments on ecology, conservation and habitat preferences were made. This work can also encourage future research on taxonomy, systematic, ecology and conservation of freshwater mussels in South America.
Levels of airborne biological agents and related factors in indoor environments of fish toxicity laboratory

ABSTRACT In this study, we evaluated the levels of airborne biological agents, such as bacteria, fungi, endotoxin, and (1→3)-β-d-glucan in university fish toxicity laboratory every month for one year and assessed the associated environmental factors. A single-stage viable cascade impactor connected with a pump was used for culturable bacteria and fungi. An analysis of airborne endotoxin and (1→3)-β-d-glucan was performed using kinetic Limulus amebocyte lysate assays. Levels of culturable bacteria and fungi were the highest in summer, whereas levels of endotoxin and (1→3)-β-d-glucan were the highest in winter and spring, respectively. Human activity was correlated with culturable bacteria and fungi, and culturable fungi were also associated with culturable bacteria. Although additional studies based on advanced analyzing technology are required, simultaneous sampling with biomarkers of bacteria is required to further elucidate the characteristics of biological agents.
A mathematical model of Noggin and BMP densities in adult neural stem cells

Abstract New neurons are generated in the adult hippocampus throughout life by neural stem cells (NSCs) in a dynamic process responsive to external signalling cues. NSCs in the adult hippocampus divide infrequently, and it has been shown that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) modulates their quiescence. Infusion of Noggin, a BMP antagonist, blocks this signalling. We investigate the balance of BMP and Noggin in this particular niche and qualitatively reproduce experimental results obtained and qualitatively reproduce experimental results with a one-dimensional reaction–diffusion model. We use the model to connect BMP signalling profiles with specific cellular outcomes and to determine whether the transient infusion of BMP leads to a signalling profile which can be reversed by the infusion of Noggin. Additionally, we analyse the role of diffusion in this system for generating signalling profiles with dramatically different cell-fate outcomes and show that diffusion-driven instability is not possible in our system of reaction–diffusion equations.
Revised diagnosis of Metriaclima with description of a new species (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Malawi National Park, Africa

The diagnosis of Metriaclima is expanded to include several feeding behavioral characteristics. Species of Metriaclima feed at almost perpendicular angles to the substrate and are able to align the teeth of both upper and lower jaws in the same plane by abducting the jaws to a 180°-angle opening. While closing the mouth, the teeth comb through the algae anchored to the substrate and collect loose material. The bites to the substrate follow in rapid succession. We have further expanded the diagnosis of Metriaclima zebra to include a population without distinct vertical bars. Finally, we describe a new species, M. flavifemina, which inhabits the rock-sand interface in the southern part of the lake.
Genetically modified foods in the opinion of the second-year students of biology, biotechnology and tourism and recreation of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce – a preliminary study

Abstract The aim of this work was to assess knowledge of and to identify awareness in second-year students of biology, biotechnology and tourism and recreation, regarding the use of genetically modified organisms (GMO) in food. The analysis of obtained results shows that about 98% of respondents know the concept of GMO and highly appreciate their knowledge of this topic. The main source of knowledge about GMO for the students is the Internet and the University. It is worth noting that 59% of respondents are aware of the use of GMO in food, while more than half do not know how the GMO in food should be labeled. In particular, students of biotechnology showed a distinctive knowledge about GMO. Over half of students of the Jan Kochanowski University in the fields of biology, biotechnology, and tourism and recreation (55%) recognized that the use of GMO poses a threat to human health.
Détermination des groupes de compatibilité végétative chez des souches africaines de Fusarium oxysporum isolées de palmiers à huile fusariés = Determination of vegetative compatibility groups in African Fusarium oxysporum strains isolated from vascular wilt-infected oil palms

La capacite a s'anastomoser de 15 souches du Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. elaeidis provenant de 5 pays d'Afrique intertropicale a ete etudiee a partir de mutants spontanes pour l'assimilation des nitrates. Elle a conduit a definir 5 groupes de compatibilite vegetative [article bilingue: francais et anglais]
Reference values for selected ophthalmic tests of the blue-and-yellow macaw (Ara ararauna)

The aim of this study was to establish reference values for selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests in healthy blue-and-yellow macaws. We investigated a total of 35 adult macaws (70 eyes) of undetermined sex and with an average weight of 1 kg, who were living in captivity in the Federal District, Brazil. Tear production using the Schirmer tear test (STT), normal conjunctival flora, intraocular pressure (IOP) using a rebound tonometer and horizontal palpebral fissure length (HPFL) were evaluated. In this study, 84.1% of samples were positive for microbial growth. Bacteria, fungi and yeasts were isolated, and Staphylococcus spp. (21.9%) and Bacillus spp. (26.8%) were the most frequently isolated microorganisms. The mean value for STT was 7.6±4.6mm/min in the right eye (OD) and 6.6±4.4mm/min in the left eye (OS) (median = 7,11±0,76mm/min). Mean IOP was 11.4±2.5mm Hg OD and 11.6±1.8mm Hg OS (median = 11.49±0.22mm Hg), prior to anesthesia, and 7.6±2.4mm Hg OD and 7.8±1.8mm Hg OS (median 7.71±0.08mmHg) after anesthesia. The IOP was significantly lower when the animals were under anesthesia as compared to when they were conscious (p≤0.05). Horizontal palpebral fissure length was 11.7±0.1mm OD and 11.8±0.1mm OS (median = 11.72±0.07mm). The STT showed a positive correlation with palpebral fissure measurement for this species. These selected ophthalmic reference values will be particularly useful in diagnosing pathological changes in the eyes of blue-and-yellow macaws.
A REVIEW OF THE GENUS METANOEUS FROM THE PHILIPPINES (COLEOPTERA: LYCIDAE)

A review of the Philippine species of the net-winged beetle Metanoeus Waterhouse, 1879, is presented. Redescriptions of three previously described species, M. bakeri Kleine, 1926, M. dohertyi Pic, 1925 and M. cognatus Kleine, 1926, are provided and fi ve new species are described: Metanoeus salvani, new species, M. parallelus, new species, M. ellipticus, new species, M. matsudai, new species, and M. luzonensis, new species. An identifi cation key to males from the Philippines is presented along with illustrations of the principal diagnostic characters. Altogether, 29 species of Metanoeus occur in the eastern part of the Oriental region and the Philippine fauna represented by eight species is supposed to be a result of dispersal from Sundaland.
A new carnivorous cynodont (Synapsida, Therapsida) from the Brazilian Mid-dle Triassic (Santa Maria Formation): Candelariodon barberenai gen. et sp. nov.

A new small cynodont, Candelariodon barberenai gen. et sp. nov., from the Middle Triassic of Brazil (Santa Maria Formation) is reported. The new taxon is represented by a partial mandible having some complete teeth. The morphology of the dentary and splenial is similar to other carnivorous cynodonts, except for the absence of the angular process of the dentary. The anterior-most lower teeth are slightly expanded buccolingually with a tall and posteriorly curved main cusp and one or two accessory cusps. The posterior-most preserved lower postcanine, however, has lingual and buccal rows of cusps, each formed by four anteroposteriorly aligned cusps, separated by a shallow basin. This tooth resembles the posterior-most lower teeth of Aleodon Crompton 1955 from the Middle Triassic of Tanzania, but the anterior-most teeth of Candelariodon and Aleodon are essentially different. In this context, the phylogenetic relationships of the new taxon remain unclear until the discovery of more informative material.
Depending On Twitter For Breaking News: A Comparison Between American And Saudi Students

ii DEDICATION . iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iv CHAPTER 1 . 1 CHAPTER II. 5 Uses and Gratifications Theory Overview . 5 Factors That Affect Social Media Usage . 11 Differences Between Students with Different Backgrounds in Social Media Usage . 12 Twitter Overview . 15 Twitter Usage . 18 Twitter and news . 22 Conclusion . 32 CHAPTER III . 33 Research Questions . 33 Measure . 33 Data Collection . 35 Participants . 36 Data Analysis . 37 CHAPTER IV . 39 The First Part . 39 The second Part . 44 CHAPTER V . 53 Discussion . 53 Contribution . 55 Limitations . 56 Future Studies . 57 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 59 LIST OF APPENDICES . 67 Appendix 1: IRB Approval . 68 vi Appendix 2: The Survey . 70 Appendix 3: Charts and Tables . 83 VITA . 107
COMBINING ABILITY, GENE ACTION AND HETEROSIS USING CMS LINES IN HYBRID RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.).

Combining ability and heterosis studies for grain yield and its component traits in aromatic and non-aromatic rice. Combining ability revealed higher specific combining ability variance than their respective general combining ability variances indicating the predominance of non-additive gene effects indicated relevance of heterosis breeding for improving the yield and yield contributing attributes. Among the lines IR 58025A (1.31) and IR 79156A (0.41); among testers Narendra Usar 3 (7.16), Swarna (6.99), Usar 1 (6.37), Pankaj (4.19), Pusa Sugandha 3 (2.94) and Taraori Basmati (0.82) were emerged as good general combiners for yield along with other related components, thus these were utilize as potential donor. Among these Narendra Usar 3 showed good GCA for majority of the yield enhancing traits except L:B ratio (-0.08) and spikelet per panicle (-4.81). Out of 51 hybrids, eight hybrids were identified to exploit heterosis in positive direction with desirable SCA effects and high per se performance for yield and other traits. Among aforesaid crosses one cross “IR 79156 A × Swarna” and one cross “IR 80555 A × Pusa Sugandha 3” were found significantly desirable cross combination for heterosis breeding in non-aromatic and aromatic rice group, based on SCA performance and heterosis over better parent and standard variety for yield and its components.
Biochemical, Molecular and Functional Analysis of Volatile Terpene Formation in Arabidopsis Roots

Plants produce secondary (or specialized) metabolites to respond to a variety of environmental changes and threats. Especially, volatile compounds released by plants facilitate short and long distance interaction with both beneficial and harmful organisms. Comparatively little is known about the organization and role of specialized metabolism in root tissues. In this study, we have investigated the root-specific formation and function of volatile terpenes in the model plant Arabidopsis. As one objective, we have characterized the two root-specific terpene synthases, TPS22 and TPS25. Both enzymes catalyze the formation of several volatile sesquiterpenes with (E)-βfarnesene as the major product. TPS22 and TPS25 are expressed in the root in distinct different cell type-specific patterns and both genes are induced by jasmonic acid. Unexpectedly, both TPS proteins are localized to mitochondria, demonstrating a subcellular localization of terpene specialized metabolism in compartments other than the cytosol and plastids. (E)-β-Farnesene is produced at low concentrations suggesting posttranslational modifications of the TPS proteins and/or limited substrate availability in mitochondria. We hypothesize that the mitochondrial localization of TPS22 and TPS25 reflects evolutionary plasticity in subcellular compartmentation of TPS proteins with emerging or declining activity. Since (E)-β-farnesene inhibits Arabidopsis root growth in vitro, mitochondrial targeting of both proteins may fine tune
Low-P solution culture can be used for screening root growth vigor in soil for high nutrient uptake of spring wheat varieties

ABSTRACT Purpose: Root and root hairs of plants have been intensively studied in solution culture; however, correlation of such measurements in solution culture with development in soil is poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study is to study whether root and root hairs grown in solution culture can predict their behavior in soil and their correlation with macro- and micronutrients uptake of wheat genotypes. Materials and methods: The growth of roots and root hairs as well as uptake of macro- and micronutrients of six spring wheat varieties was compared in solution culture under P stress and P abundance and in a low fertility soil. Results and conclusions: Root length and surface area under P stress were significantly positively correlated with that in the low fertility soil, while no such correlation was apparent for root hair length and density. In absolute terms, the root length, surface area, root hair length and density of spring wheat varieties were substantially higher in soil than in solution culture, while the concentration and uptake of macro- and micronutrients in soil differed from solution culture in a complex way. The early uptake of macro- and micronutrients was intimately associated with root length and surface area as well as root hair length and density in soil but not in solution culture. Therefore, root length rather than root hair traits in low-P solution may be used to screen early root growth vigor in soil and thereby high nutrient uptake of wheat in low fertility soil.
Measurement error of external and skeletal variables in birds and its effect on principal components

--. 1988. Variation in repertoire presentation in Northern Mockingbirds. Condor 90: 592-606. HEGNER, R. E. , & J. C. WING•IELD. 1986. Gonadal development during autumn and winter in House Sparrows. Condor 88: 269-278. LOGAN, C.A. 1987. Fluctuations in fall and winter territory size in the Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos). J. Field Ornithol. 58: 297-305. ß P. D. Bvv•a•, & K. R. Fu•c. 1983. Role of chatburst versus song in the defense of fall territory in mockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos). J. Comp. Psychol. 97: 292-301. ß L. E. HYATt, & L. GREGORCY! C. 1990. Song playback initiates nestbuilding during clutch overlap in mockingbirds, Mimus polyglottos. Anim. Behav. 39: 943-953.
Performance of Asparagus sprengeri and Dracaena sanderiana in Different Potting and Rooting Media

A search has been conducted for suitable native materials for potting and rooting mixtures as substitutes for peat moss in the production of ornamental plants in Puerto Rico. Materials such as sawdust, wood shavings, muck soil, residues from the tobacco industry, spent coffee, coffee parchment, dry coffee leaves, sugarcane bagasse, and peat moss were mixed with perlite, vermiculite, calcined clay, or sand and these various mixtures were evaluated as rooting media. Asparagus sprengeri did not grow well in tobacco residue or spent coffee mixtures. Potting mixtures made with dry coffee leaves and muck soil were as good as those made with peat moss. Sugarcane bagasse, wood shavings, and sawdust were intermediate in value as potting mixtures for plant healthiness and appearance. Dracaena sanderiana tops were placed in a constant mist propagator to root in different media. Wood shavings did not prove suitable for foiled or bound plants. Sugarcane bagasse, dry coffee leaves, coffee parchment, water hyacinth roots, and sawdust resulted in very stable bound plants comparable to those rooted in peat moss. Residues from the tobacco industry caused a basal-end rot but the cuttings eventually produced roots at the nodes.
The metabolic effects of leptin therapy and glucagon suppression therapy in mouse models of diabetes

ii PREFACE . iii TABLE OF CONTENTS . v LIST OF TABLES . vii LIST OF FIGURES . viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . xv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Diabetes Mellitus.1 1.2 The Hormone Insulin . 3 1.3 The Hormone Glucagon . 8 1.4 The Hormone Leptin . 13 1.5 Thesis Investigation.26 CHAPTER 2 – MATERIALS AND METHODS . 28 2.1 Animals . 28 2.2 Blood and Plasma Analytes.34 2.3 Experimental Manipulations . 35 2.4 In vivo Assays.40 2.5 Analysis of Mouse Tissues . 41 2.6 Histology . 42 2.7 Data Analysis . 43 CHAPTER 3 – CONTRIBUTION OF LEPTIN TO THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF INSULIN THERAPY . 44 3.
Population structure of Ailanthus altissima (Simaroubaceae): The role of land-use history and management1

Abstract The population structure of invasive species is determined both by species-specific breeding strategies and by region-specific conditions and events during the history of invasion. In this context, we investigate the role of human land-use policy on the gene flow within population of the widespread invasive tree, Ailanthus altissima. We predicted that genetic diversity would be elevated in urban environments and reduced in exurban, and that human mediated dispersal would allow propagules to break geographic isolation. Six populations of A. altissima, divided evenly among urban, exurban and suburban sites, were surveyed using a set of eight microsatellite loci. A total of 276 individuals were sampled. Populations were assessed for partitioning of genetic variation, gene flow between sites, and genetic cluster estimation. Effective population size based on genetic variation was also modeled using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations. Despite a strong propensity for clonal growth, the microsatellite data revealed no evidence of clonal reproduction at the population level. Gene flow between sites was found to be independent of geographic distance; instead, gene flow was correlated with the level of human traffic at a site. Genetic diversity was found to generally increase in correlation to human development; however, reduced admixture at managed sites suggests that land management practices were effective at inhibiting gene flow into managed sites.