Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical methods for large‐eddy simulation in general co‐ordinates

Large scale unsteady motions in many practical engineering flows play a very important role and it is very unlikely that these unsteady flow features can be captured within the framework of Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes approach. Large‐eddy simulation (LES) has become, arguably, the only practical numerical tool for predicting those flows more accurately since it is still not realistic to apply DNS to practical engineering flows with the current and near future available computing power.
Lipid profiles of HIV-infected diabetic patients

Background: Despite highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) leading to a decline in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-induced morbidity and mortality, in recent years HAART has been implicated in abnormal lipid profiles, diabetes mellitus (DM) and predisposition of patients to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objectives: In this comparative study, the side effects of HAART as well as other lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, alcohol and/or smoking were assessed, as well as family history of diabetes between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients of African ancestry with DM. Methods: The study population consisted of 80 Black African diabetic patients (18–65 years old) stratified by HIV status (HIV-infected n = 40; HIV-uninfected n = 40). Anthropometric measurements (weight, height and BMI) and blood pressure (BP), as well as biochemical tests for glucose, cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and triglycerides were performed. Results: The median BMI indicated overweight in the HIV-infected compared with the HIV-uninfected, which was congruent with obesity. Systolic BP was higher in the HIV-infected compared with the HIV-uninfected groups, at 138.15 and 134.75 mmHg (p = 0.1651), respectively. Glucose was high in both groups, confirming diabetes (p = 0.3900). Cholesterol was high (4.85 mmol/l) in the HIV-infected group while HDL was lower (0.95 mmol/l) in the HIV-uninfected group. Triglycerides were elevated in the HIV-uninfected (1.90 mmol/l) compared with the HIV-infected (1.61 mmol/l) (p = 0.7500) group. Conclusion: Despite HAART being documented as a contributor to DM and abnormal lipid profiles in the HIV-infected group, lifestyle factors such as diet also affect obesity phenotype in the uninfected group. Thus, irrespective of DM and/or HIV status, a lack of exercise, behavioural and lifestyle risk factors exacerbate abnormal lipid profiles. Notably, a family history of DM showed a strong susceptibility to its development.
Torque and unbalanced magnetic force in a rotational unsymmetric brushless DC motors

The pole-teeth-winding configuration in brushless dc motors determines torque and unbalanced magnetic force which are the resultants of the tangential and the normal magnetic force in a small air gap, respectively. This paper calculated torque and unbalanced magnetic force using FEM, Maxwell stress tensor to investigate the influence of pole-teeth-winding patterns on the performance from two common designs, i.e. the rotational symmetric 12-pole 9-tooth (12P9S) motor and the rotational unsymmetric 8-pole 9-tooth (8P9S) motor, and proposed the rotational unsymmetric 10-pole 9-tooth (10P9S) motor which achieves the high average torque of 12P9S motor and the low cogging torque of 8P9S at the same time. The analyses show that 8P9S and 10P9S motor tend to have less cogging torque because their bigger values of the least common multiple of pole and teeth reduce the cogging torque. The torque efficiency depends on pole-teeth-winding configuration. ABC-winding of 12P9S motor and three consecutive teeth winding of 10P9S motor utilize all six energized coil effectively to produce the high average torque. The normal magnetic force in a rotational unsymmetric design is not balanced and results in unbalanced magnetic force.
Effect of Ag2O addition on the intergranular properties of the superconducting Bi–(Pb)–Sr–Ca–Cu–O system

The effect of Ag2O addition on the Bi–(Pb)–Sr–Ca–Cu–O system has been investigated in terms of ac susceptibility, phase evolution, critical current density and critical temperature. It was found that as the amount of Ag2O addition increases, the intergranular critical current density decreases in our samples (Bi1.84Pb0.34Sr1.91Ca2.03Cu3.06O10) fabricated by ammonium nitrate technique. The analysis for comparison is based on the suppression degree of the diamagnetic behaviour with respect to fields, rapid or slow shift of the summit in χ'(T) to lower temperature with increasing field amplitude and the sharpness of the transition of χ'(T) for intergranular component for the same field amplitude. We also qualitatively discuss experimental results in the framework of the critical state model. The room temperature XRD diagram indicates the presence of large amount of high-Tc (2223) phase. The percentage of Bi-2223 phase in the phase mixture was estimated from the intensities of high-Tc (2223) and low-Tc (2212) phase peaks as 78% for the pure BSCCO sample. Among the Ag2O-added BSCCO samples studied, the one in which 5 wt%Ag2O was added shows the highest rate of Bi-2223 formation as 92%. The SEM analysis reveals some morphological changes induced by silver addition.
Soluble Guanylate Cyclase β1 Subunit Represses Human Glioblastoma Growth

Simple Summary A marked reduction in soluble guanylyl cyclase β1 (sGCβ1) transcript is characteristic for human glioma specimens. Restoring the expression of sGCβ1 inhibited the aggressive course of glioblastoma in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. The present study is the first to reveal that sGCβ1 migrated into the nucleus and interacted with the promoter of the TP53 gene. sGCβ1 overexpression impacted signaling in glioblastoma multiforme, including the promotion of nuclear accumulation of p53, a marked reduction in cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), and a significant decrease in integrin α6. Antitumor effect of sGCβ1 was not associated with enzymatic activity of sGC. Abstract Malignant glioma is the most common and deadly brain tumor. A marked reduction in the levels of sGC (soluble guanylyl cyclase) transcript in the human glioma specimens has been revealed in our previous studies. In the present study, restoring the expression of sGCβ1 alone repressed the aggressive course of glioma. The antitumor effect of sGCβ1 was not associated with enzymatic activity of sGC since overexpression of sGCβ1 alone did not influence the level of cyclic GMP. Additionally, sGCβ1-induced inhibition of the growth of glioma cells was not influenced by treatment with sGC stimulators or inhibitors. The present study is the first to reveal that sGCβ1 migrated into the nucleus and interacted with the promoter of the TP53 gene. Transcriptional responses induced by sGCβ1 caused the G0 cell cycle arrest of glioblastoma cells and inhibition of tumor aggressiveness. sGCβ1 overexpression impacted signaling in glioblastoma multiforme, including the promotion of nuclear accumulation of p53, a marked reduction in CDK6, and a significant decrease in integrin α6. These anticancer targets of sGCβ1 may represent clinically important regulatory pathways that contribute to the development of a therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
Case report: High-dose epoprostenol therapy in pediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension and developmental lung disease

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) with developmental lung disease is a life-threatening disease and accounts for 10%–12% of pediatric PH patients. Administration of specific pulmonary vasodilators to pediatric PH patients has brought about improvement of their long-term prognosis. Intravenous epoprostenol therapy is a gold standard therapy for severe idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH), but there are few reports demonstrating the efficacy of epoprostenol for pediatric PH patients with developmental lung disease, especially when treating with high doses of epoprostenol. Two cases of pediatric PH patients with alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACD/MPV) and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), respectively, treated with epoprostenol above 100 ng/kg/min are presented. In these two cases, severe PH was improved significantly by an aggressive increase of the epoprostenol infusion rate with administration of oral pulmonary vasodilators and appropriate respiratory management, without any significant adverse effects. High-dose epoprostenol therapy may be one of the therapeutic options in pediatric PH patients with developmental lung disease.
A Critical Assessment of the Maxwell Slip Boundary Condition for Rarified Wall Bounded Flows

The Maxwell slip boundary condition is widely used to compute the slip velocity at the wall under rarefied flow condition. In this paper, we apply the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method on a Couette flow problem in order to evaluate this boundary condition. The computations are performed at different values of tangential momentum accommodation coefficient (between 0.1 and 1) and Knudsen numbers (Kn between 0.001 and 3), at 500 K for Argon, with the aim of comparing the ensuing slip length to that predicted by Maxwell's formula. It is found that the boundary condition is accurate up to a Kn = 0.1 but not at higher Knudsen numbers. Although it has been known that the slip boundary condition is valid only for small Knudsen numbers, the critical Knudsen number from where the deviation begins is not well documented. The present results indicate that such deviations occur at Kn = 0.1 in flows that are bounded by opposing walls. At higher Knudsen numbers, the Knudsen layers overlap and the collisions of.
Fine structure in the spectra of low latitude field line resonances

The power spectra of low latitude (L<3), ground-based recordings of dayside geomagnetic pulsations in the 10-100 mHz band indicate that these pulsations come from discrete, driven field line resonances which are coupled to compressional, magnetohydrodynamic, cavity or waveguide modes. The spectral bands of individual harmonics of the field line resonances seen by the magnetometers have envelopes which are typically 10's of mHz wide but also show a fine scale structure of almost equispaced peaks with separations of about 3 to 5 mHz. A WKB analysis of a cavity or waveguide model shows that the fine structure is likely due to field line resonances driven by waveguide modes with turning points within the plasmasphere and reflection at the dayside magnetopause.
The Semantics of Metaphor and the Structure of Science

The purpose of this paper is to explore the semantics of metaphoric language in scientific contexts. According to the theory of metaphor advanced below, the benchmark of a metaphoric expression is the implicit transfer of semantic features across incongruous semantic fields. This transfer results in a conceptual variation of "meaning" in the receiving semantic field. Thus, the theory of metaphor rests on semantic field theory. Existing semantic approaches to metaphor are evaluated in Section 1. In Sections 2 and 3 an alternative theory is introduced through an analysis of the mechanics of the feature transfer process followed by a discussion of some methodological cues for deciphering the metaphor's "meaning. " As I explore in Section 4, this theory of metaphor explains how all metaphoric expressions are potentially literal depending on the general compliance of the community of speakers. Consequently, concept formation in scientific contexts is, in large measure, metaphoric. Finally, I argue in Section 5 that metaphoric concept formation is an essential aspect of scientific reasoning for the purpose of solving conceptual problems.
Conductivity-depth imaging of airborne electromagnetic step-response data

An adaptation of the Macnae‐Lamontagne method allows transform of airborne step‐response electromagnetic (EM) data to a conductivity‐depth image. The algorithm is based on a nonlinear transformation of the amplitude of the measured response at each delay time to an apparent mirror image depth. Using matrix algebra, the set of mirror image depth‐delay time data pairs can then be used to derive a conductivity section. Data can be efficiently processed on a personal computer at rates faster or comparable to the rate required for collection. Stable conductivity fitting as a function of depth is obtained by damping the matrix inversion by specification of the first‐ and second‐derivative smoothness weights of the fitted conductivity‐depth sounding. Damping parameters may be either fixed or varied along the profile; their choice can be constrained by geologic control. Stability of the process is enhanced by accounting for the transmitter and receiver tilts. The mirror image depth‐delay time data can also be use.
A VLSI architecture for arithmetic coding of multilevel images

We describe a VLSI architecture of an arithmetic coder for a multilevel alphabet (256 symbols) that includes the storing and updating of probabilities, the updating of the interval, and the correction of the codeword. The architecture is based on the utilization of redundant arithmetic, and the development of new schemes for storing and updating the cumulative probabilities and updating the range and left point of the current interval. The proposed implementation is compared with one that does not include these improvements, and is shown to result in a significantly lower complexity and shorter cycle.
How Teachers’ Knowledge of Curriculum Supports Partnering with Students in Their Science Learning

ABSTRACT A key goal of science learning today is to support students in posing and answering questions about phenomena that matter to them while establishing a need to grapple with disciplinary ideas and practices reflected in standards. To be successful in this endeavor, teachers need to learn to partner with students on the direction of their learning while remaining attentive to goals for learning reflected in standards. In this paper, we explore the idea that educators’ developing knowledge of curricular purposes and structures can help support their enactment of instructional materials that help them balance these two goals. Our study draws on 36 teachers’ experiences of learning to teach with instructional materials aligned to the Next Generation Science Standards as part of a field test that included multiple cycles of professional development workshops and enactments. Our findings illustrate how teachers’ knowledge of curriculum can help them make sense of their own growth in teaching.
Bad situation, treat yourself: a qualitative exploration of the factors influencing healthy eating habits during the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT Purpose To explore barriers and facilitators to healthy eating during the COVID-19 pandemic among adults enrolled in an internet-based weight loss program. Methods Adults in an internet-delivered weight loss program were recruited to participate. Participants completed online study surveys and a semi-structured interview via telephone between June 1, 2020 and June 22, 2020. The interview included questions to explore how the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced dietary behaviors. Constant comparative analysis was used to identify key themes. Results Participants (n = 30) were primarily female (83%) and white (87%), 54.6 ± 10.0 years old, and had a mean body mass index of 31.1 ± 4.5 kg/m2. Barriers included snacking/ease of access to food, eating as a coping mechanism, and lack of routine/planning. Facilitators included calorie control, regular routine/scheduling, and self-monitoring. General themes with eating were a change in eating out frequency or modality, cooking more, and changes in alcohol consumption. Conclusion Eating habits among adults enrolled in a weight loss program changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future weight loss programs and public health recommendations should consider modifying recommendations to place increased emphasis on strategies to overcome barriers to healthy eating and promote facilitators that may help with healthy eating, particularly during unexpected circumstances or events.
A Rare Nasopharyngeal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Case Report and Literature Review

Patient: Male, 56-year-old Final Diagnosis: Adenoid cystic carcinoma Symptoms: Head and neck mass • headache • nasal congestion • nasal mass Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Oncology • Otolaryngology • Palliative medicine Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant tumor that involves the salivary glands and is rarely seen in the nasopharynx. It is characterized by pain, a high rate of recurrence, and poor survival rate and poor prognosis as it tends to invade the perineurium. Due to the ambiguity of patient presentations, most patients present at a late stage, at which point metastasis has already occurred. Case Report: The patient in this case report was an otherwise healthy 56-year-old male smoker who presented to the clinic in March 2022 complaining of nasal obstruction, mouth breathing, recurrent epistaxis, headache, and facial pain. He reported significant weight loss in the past 6 months. The nasal scope showed nasopharyngeal fullness and biopsy-confirmed ACC exhibiting tubular, solid, and focal cribriform growth patterns. Further work-up showed an advanced form of nasopharyngeal ACC with intracranial extension and lung metastasis. The patient received concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy. After 6 months, the patient reported an improvement in the pain, and repeated images showed regression of the tumor size. Conclusions: ACC is a malignant disease that is rarely seen in the nasopharynx. Currently, the most commonly agreed upon management for resectable ACCs in the literature is through surgical resection with adjuvant radiotherapy. However, most of the reported cases received radiation and chemotherapy due to the difficulty and risk of radical surgical excision of nasopharyngeal malignant tumors. Patients should be followed up to rule out any local recurrence or distant metastasis.
NONISENTROPIC ONE-DIMENSIONAL GAS MOTIONS CONSTRUCTED BY MEANS OF THE CONTACT GROUP OF THE NONHOMOGENEOUS MONGE-AMPÈRE EQUATION

The equations of one-dimensional gas dynamics in Lagrange coordinates are connected with the inhomogeneous Monge-Ampere equation by means of a differential substitution. A classification of Monge-Ampere equations based on point and contact transformations is carried out. In the case of an infinite group various linearizations of the equations of gas dynamics are presented. New conservation laws are constructed on the basis of Noether's theorem. Examples of invariant solutions with variable entropy are considered, and some boundary value problems with curved shock waves are also solved.
Association between thyroid cancer and cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis

Objective To determine the association between thyroid cancer and coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, cerebrovascular disease, and cardiovascular disease mortality. Methods The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for eligible studies from inception to September 22, 2022. Keywords included “thyroid cancer”, “atrial fibrillation”, “coronary artery disease”, “cerebrovascular disease”, and “mortality”. Primary outcomes included the incidence of coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, atrial fibrillation, and cardiovascular disease mortality among patients with thyroid cancer. Secondary outcomes included cardiovascular disease events among those with thyroid cancer that received or did not receive radioactive iodine or lenvatinib. Estimates were pooled using fixed- and random-effects meta-analysis. Results A total of 771,220 patients who underwent thyroidectomy in 15 studies were included. Risk for cerebrovascular disease (risk ratio [RR] 1.15 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.21]) and atrial fibrillation [RR 1.59 (95% CI: 1.45–1.73)] were significantly increased. Risk for coronary artery disease was significantly increased [RR 1.12 (95% CI: 1.08–1.17)] in the common effect model. Cardiovascular disease mortality associated with thyroid cancer was not significant [RR 0.93 (95% CI: 0.59–1.45)]. Radioactive iodine had a neutral effect on cardiovascular disease [RR 1.00 (95% CI: 0.87–1.16)], and there was no beneficial nor harmful effect among different RAI doses. Conclusions Thyroid cancer was significantly associated with a higher risk for cerebrovascular disease and atrial fibrillation; however, the hazard risk was not different between patients with and without radioactive iodine treatment. Thyroid cancer treatment should be individualized considering the potential harms and benefits to cardiovascular health.
Third-harmonic generation in argon, krypton, and xenon: Bandwidth limitations in the vicinity of Lyman-α

Using experimentally determined oscillator strengths and photoionization cross-sectional data, we compute the dispersion characteristics of Ar, Kr, and Xe up to their first ionization levels and determine the spectral regions in the VUV where these gases exhibit negative dispersion and so can be efficiently used for frequency tripling. We then investigate the bandwidths over which efficient tripling can be achieved in phase-matched gas mixtures. The bandwidth is limited by the rapidly varying dispersion in the vicinity of resonance transitions in the gases. In particular, we look at the case of frequency tripling 3647 A radiation to 1215.7 A (hydrogen Lyman-α) and show, that for fundamental wavelength bandwidths as narrow as 1 A, the rapid change in refractive index with wavelength can preclude phase matching over the entire bandwidth of the radiation.
SCAD-penalised generalised additive models with non-polynomial dimensionality

In this article, we study the (group) smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) estimator in the estimation of generalised additive models. The SCAD penalty, proposed by Fan and Li [(2001) ‘Variable Selection via Nonconcave Penalised Likelihood and Its Oracle Properties’, Journal of the American Statistical Association 96(456), 1348–1360], has many desirable properties including continuity, sparsity and unbiasedness. For high-dimensional parametric models, it has only recently been shown that the SCAD estimator can deal with problems with dimensions much larger than the sample size. Here, we show that the SCAD estimator can be successfully applied to generalised additive models with non-polynomial dimensionality and our study represents the first such result for the SCAD estimator in nonparametric problems, as far as we know. In particular, under suitable assumptions, we theoretically show that the dimension of the problem can be close to expn d/(2d+1), where n is the sample size and d is the smoothness parameter of the component functions. Some Monte Carlo studies and a real data application are also presented.
The Formation of Wider and Deeper Clouds as a Result of Cold-Pool Dynamics

AbstractThis study investigates how precipitation-driven cold pools aid the formation of wider clouds that are essential for a transition from shallow to deep convection. In connection with a temperature depression and a depletion of moisture inside developing cold pools, an accumulation of moisture in moist patches around the cold pools is observed. Convective clouds are formed on top of these moist patches. Larger moist patches form with time supporting more and larger clouds. Moreover, enhanced vertical lifting along the leading edges of the gravity current triggered by the cold pool is found. The interplay of moisture aggregation and lifting eventually promotes the formation of wider clouds that are less affected by entrainment and become deeper. These mechanisms are corroborated in a series of cloud-resolving model simulations representing different atmospheric environments. A positive feedback is observed in that, in an atmosphere in which cloud and rain formation is facilitated, stronger downdrafts.