Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ophthalmia nodosa secondary to multiple intraocular caterpillar hairs in a 2-year-old girl

A 2-year-old girl presented with pain, itching, photophobia, and tearing in her left eye. These symptoms started after contact with a caterpillar. The patient was initially taken to another hospital, where the local ophthalmologist prescribed topical prednisolone acetate 1%, a topical antibiotic, and cyclopentolate 1% eye drops. However, 3 weeks later, the patient presented to our hospital with no symptomatic improvement. Slit-lamp examination showed moderate conjunctival injection and diffuse superficial punctate corneal epithelial erosions with numerous caterpillar hairs embedded in the bulbar and tarsal conjunctiva, and in the superficial and deep corneal stroma, extending into the anterior chamber (AC). In addition, the AC had 2+ cells with caterpillar hairs on the iris surface. The lens was clear, and the fundus examination was normal. The patient underwent AC wash and setae removal under general anesthesia; this was repeated 4 months later when symptoms recurred owing to retained setae. There was no evidence of any additional setae or ocular inflammation in 8 months of follow-up, and symptoms resolved completely. Caterpillar hairs can migrate intraocularly and induce an ocular inflammatory response. Immediate and thorough irrigation, continued scrupulous examinations for any retained setae, and meticulous setae extraction are crucial for treating this condition.
Clinical error management training for midwifery students in Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd

INTRODUCTION: Today, the quality of health services is considered to be providing “error-free” services, at the right time, by the right person and with the least resources. In recent years, education through evidence-based care has been emphasized by health system policymakers as a way to improve care standards. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to teach clinical error management to midwifery students in Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd. METHODS: The present study was performed using consensus-based methods based on Delphi technique to identify the most common errors and the best educational solution for its management with the participation of 21 midwives by purposive sampling method in Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd in 2018. The rate of agreement was 75% or more. Descriptive statistical methods and SPSS-18 software were used for analysis. RESULTS: The most important errors mentioned were as follows: In the field of hospital care, it was the scope of care during labor and in clinical care, it was the scope of prenatal care. The most important error reduction strategies that were considered in the clinical guide in general were emphasizing the following: active supervision of instructors during the provision of students' clinical services, paying attention to the evaluation of service provision with the least incidence of errors in end-of-course evaluation, make changes in clinical teaching methods, attention to the use of active teaching methods and the use of educational software. The cases were considered separately in each of the mentioned errors. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Incidence of errors in pregnancy and childbirth as the most errors of midwifery students in the field of hospital and clinical care was agreed on. Therefore, considering this issue and the importance of preventing errors to provide quality services to mothers and infants, it seems that it is time to make changes in clinical education in this field by emphasizing the use of active educational methods.
Effect of post‐methanation effluent on soil physical properties under a soybean‐wheat system in a Vertisol

Post-methanation effluent (PME) generated through biomethanation of distillery effluent, a foul-smelling, dark colored by-product of distillery industries, is applied to arable land in some areas near the vicinity of the distillery industries as an amendment. The PME contains considerable amount of organic matter and salt besides its high plant-nutrient content. The present investigation was conducted for three years during 1999-2002 on soybean-wheat cropping sequence to evaluate the effect of graded levels of post-methanation effluent (PME) on soil physical properties and crop productivity in a deep Vertisol of central India. Six application doses of PME viz. S 25 +W 0 : 2.5cm PME applied to soybean and wheat on residual nutrition, S 25 +W 1.25 : 2.5cm PME to soybean and 1.25cm to wheat, 5 5.0 +W 0 : 5cm PME to soybean and wheat on residual nutrition, S 5.0 +W 2.5 : 5.0 cm PME to soybean and 2.5 cm to wheat, S 10.0 +W 0 : 10cm PME to soybean and wheat on residual nutrition, and S 10.0 +W 5.0 : 10.0cm PME to soybean and 5.0cm to wheat, were compared with 100% recommended NPK+FYM ≅ 4 Mg ha -1 and control (no fertilizer, manure or PME). The application of PME increased the organic carbon content and electrical conductivity of the soil compared to control and 100% NPK+FYM treatment. The organic C content was maximum in S 10.0 +W 5.0 (11.2 g kg -1 ) and minimum in control (5.2 g kg -1 ). Electrical conductivity increased from 0.47 dS m -1 in control to 1.58 dS m -1 in highest dose of PME (S 10.0 +W 5.0 ). The PME treatments have not affected the soil pH. The application of PME showed a significant improvement in the physical properties of the soil. The mean weight diameter (MWD), percent water-stable aggregation (% WSA), saturated hydraulic conductivity (K sat ), and water retention (WR) at 0.033 MPa suction were significantly (P < 0.05) more while bulk density (BD) and penetration resistance was significantly less in PME-treated plots than that of control. The MWD showed a linear and positive relationship (r = 0.89**) with the soil organic C. Soybean recorded significantly higher seed yield at all PME treatments than control. Highest average soybean yield (2.39 Mg ha -1 ) was recorded in S 10.0 +W 0 but yield decreased significantly in S 10.0 +W 5.0 (2.08 Mg ha -1 ). In wheat, all the PME-treated plots except S 2.5 +W 0 yielded significantly higher than control while the 100% NPK+FYM treatment yielded (3.46 Mg ha -1 ) at par with the S 10.0 +W 5.0 (4.0 Mg ha -1 ) and S 5.0 +W 2.5 (3.66 Mg ha -1 ). Fresh application of PME to wheat resulted in significant improvement in grain yield over that grown on residual fertility. Thus, application of PME to arable land, as an amendment, could be considered as a viable option for the safe disposal of this industrial waste.
A Comparison of Methods for Studying the Tumor Microenvironment's Spatial Heterogeneity in Digital Pathology Specimens

Background: The tumor microenvironment is highly heterogeneous, and it is understood to affect tumor progression and patient outcome. A number of studies have reported the prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor budding in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the significance of the intratumoral heterogeneity present in the spatial distribution of these features within the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has not been previously reported. Evaluating this intratumoral heterogeneity may aid the understanding of the TIME's effect on patient prognosis as well as identify novel aggressive phenotypes which can be further investigated as potential targets for new treatment. Methods: In this study, we propose and apply two spatial statistical methodologies for the evaluation of the intratumor heterogeneity present in the distribution of CD3 + and CD8 + lymphocytes and tumor buds (TB) in 232 Stage II CRC cases. Getis-Ord hotspot analysis was applied to quantify the cold and hotspots, defined as regions with a significantly low or high number of each feature of interest, respectively. A novel spatial heatmap methodology for the quantification of the cold and hotspots of each feature of interest, which took into account both the interpatient heterogeneity and the intratumor heterogeneity, was further developed. Results: Resultant data from each analysis, characterizing the spatial intratumor heterogeneity of lymphocytes and TBs were used for the development of two new highly prognostic risk models. Conclusions: Our results highlight the value of applying spatial statistics for the assessment of the intratumor heterogeneity. Both Getis-Ord hotspot and our proposed spatial heatmap analysis are broadly applicable across other tissue types as well as other features of interest. Availability: The code underpinning this publication can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.17630/c2306fe9-66e2-4442-ad89-f986220053e2.
A study of cardiopulmonary resuscitation literacy among the personnel of universities of medical sciences based in Kermanshah and Khuzestan provinces based on the latest 2015 cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines

INTRODUCTION: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is regarded as the most important skill of the medical staff who is required to be aware of the latest changes to the CPR guidelines so that they can take the most effective actions in the critical conditions of CPR. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the levels of CPR literacy among the personnel of universities of medical sciences based in Kermanshah and Khuzestan provinces based on the latest 2015 CPR guidelines in 2019. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study, 525 subjects were selected as the sample population using the two-stage cluster sampling. For data collection, a researcher-made questionnaire was used, whose content validity and reliability were confirmed (r = 0.71). The study screened the data received and analyzed valid data set through the ttest and Spearman's correlation coefficient by incorporating SPSS Statistics software version 23.0. In addition, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The 2015 CPR literacy levels of the samples were as follows: excellent (85 subjects or 16.2%), good (404 subjects or 77%), and average (36 subjects or 6.9%). The results of Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed a weak and inverse relationship between the levels of CPR literacy and the age of samples (r = -0.092) and work experience (-0.029), which were statistically significant. In addition, the results of Mann–Whitney U-test demonstrated that the level of CPR literacy among the personnel of Ahwaz University of Medical Sciences exceeded that among the personnel of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: It is suggested that in retraining the nursing and paramedical personnel, CPR be carried out with more emphasis on the changes introduced in this guideline compared to that in 2010, including esophageal tracheal airway, reasons for the cessation of CPR, intraosseous infusion, and induced hypothermia.
Altruism, an attitude of unselfish concern for others – an analytical cross sectional study among the Medical and Engineering students in Bangalore

Introduction: Altruism is disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others. Intentional and voluntary actions that aim to enhance the welfare of another person in the absence of any external reward. With the background of increasing mistrust between the medical profession, media, and the public and increasing incidents of violence against doctors in India, there is a growing feeling that altruism in medicine, if not dying is at least declining. Aim and Objective: To assess altruistic attitudes among Medical and Engineering students in a Medical and Engineering College in Bangalore and to determine the factors influencing altruistic behavior among these students. Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 medical and 200 engineering students studying in medical and engineering college, respectively. The survey contained a structured pre-validated questionnaire containing general information and the Altruism personality scale items for measuring altruistic tendency in students. Result: Among the participants from both the backgrounds doing simple altruistic acts, were more frequent than risk taking altruistic acts. Altruism deceases with increasing years of study in medical college. Conclusion: Good Medicine stands on the basis of interactions between people. Few changes in the existing curriculum for medical professionalism which should emphasize on skills such as empathy towards patients, communication, good doctor patient relationship, emotional intelligence and professional ethics and values is desired. Doing this study in a medical and engineering college setting would introduce the topic of altruism among the students and give them a chance to self-analyze their altruistic nature and bring about positive changes towards human altruism.
Nonsevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Human Coronaviruses in Children Hospitalized with Acute Lower Respiratory Infection

Background: The nonzoonotic (nonsevere acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)/Middle East respiratory syndrome) human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are usually considered as the causative agent for acute respiratory infection. We studied the characteristics and outcome of children with non-SARS HCoV acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study from a tertiary care teaching hospital in eastern India. Results: Of 137 samples tested positive for respiratory viruses, 13 were due to HCoV (7 boys, median age: 2 years). Cough was the most common symptom, followed by breathing difficulty and fever. An underlying comorbid condition present in 38.4%. Co-infection with other viruses was seen in 69% of cases. Chest radiograph was abnormal in 69.3% of children. Antibiotics were administered in 53.8%. The median length of hospitalization was 5 d, irrespective of underlying disease. There was no mortality. Conclusions: HCoV is an uncommon but increasingly recognized cause of ALRI in hospitalized children. No severe illness was found in children with underlying comorbidities. This study underscores the importance of HCoV in causation of childhood ALRI, necessitating a surveillance system in India.
Do Saudi parents have sufficient awareness of pediatric eye diseases in Riyadh?

PURPOSE: The current study aimed to assess Saudi parents' awareness regarding pediatric eye diseases that can be screened and treated. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Targeted participants were selected randomly. An online questionnaire was used for data collection. A Chi-ANOVA test was used with considering a confidence interval of 95%. RESULTS: Of 1500 participants, 1070 (71%) Saudi adults responded. Most of the participants' knowledge test score about eye health and care was poor (91.9%). The majority of those who had acceptable knowledge were married with 94.3%. Knowledge about the eye problem in diabetes was the highest with 82.8%, then 54.3% had acceptable knowledge about eye emergencies, general eye health with 36.5%, and 26.2% for refractive error problem, whereas knowledge about strabismus, visual deprivation, glaucoma, and eye tumors was lowest (18.9, 16.1, 10.6, and 9.6%, respectively). The most commonly reported sources of knowledge were community members. Those who were at the university level of education had a higher level of acceptable knowledge (64.4%) with a mean of 5.63. Retired participants had the highest mean level of knowledge (7.25). After that, it showed that those in the medical field had the second highest mean level of knowledge (6.55). However, students recorded the lowest mean knowledge score with 2.47. CONCLUSION: The current study found evidence of a lack of awareness among parents about common pediatric eye diseases and proper eye care behaviors. Therefore, awareness programs should be targeting both parents with a focus on mothers. The higher the educational level, the higher the chances of health awareness.
The Effectiveness of Sternocleidomastoid Muscle Dry Needling in Patients with Cervicogenic Headache

Background: Cervicogenic headache (CGH) is a secondary headache with a cervical source that radiates pain to the head or face. Accordingly, one reason of CGH is myofascial trigger points. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of one session dry needling (DN) of myofascial trigger points of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle in patients with CGH. Materials and Methods: In this before-and-after clinical trial, 16 females aged 18–60 years with a clinical diagnosis of CGH were enrolled. All of the patients received one session DN into the myofascial trigger points of the SCM muscle. Headache index (HI), headache duration, headache frequency, and headache disability index (HDI) were assessed at 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after the intervention. This study was registered in Clinical Trials as IRCT20181109041599N1. Results: One session DN into myofascial trigger points of the SCM muscle showed a significant improvement in HI (P < 0.001). Duration and frequency of headache as well as HDI significantly reduced after intervention (P < 0.001). Conclusion: One session DN into myofascial trigger points of the SCM muscle was effective on improvement of HI, headache duration, headache frequency, and HDI in patients with CGH.
Comparison between Plusoptix A09 and gold standard cycloplegic refraction in preschool children and agreement to detect refractive amblyogenic risk factors

BACKGROUND: The preschool children hardly complain about their vision problems. It is of paramount importance to screen them with an objective tool and compare with the gold standard technique. AIM: To compare the values obtained with Plusoptix A09 and cycloplegic refraction in 3–6 years children and agreement to detect refractive amblyogenic risk factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a tertiary care hospital. Informed consent from parents and verbal assent from children were obtained. Each subject had monocular vision assessment with Lea symbol chart, stereo acuity measurement with Frisby, refractive screening with Plusoptix A09, squint assessment, and anterior segment evaluation before administering Homatropine hydrobromide (homide) 2% eye drops. Cycloplegic refraction and posterior segment evaluation were performed for final diagnosis. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Spearman correlation coefficient and kappa statistics were also employed. RESULTS: In total, data of 94 children were analyzed. The correlation values obtained between plusoptix and cyclorefraction values for spherical, cylindrical, spherical equivalent were 0.508 (P < 0.0001), 0.779 (P < 0.0001), and 0.407 (P < 0.0001), respectively. Refractive errors were seen in 32% and amblyopia in 17% of eyes. Kappa value was κ = 0.974 in detecting refractive amblyogenic risk factors. CONCLUSION: Good correlation was found between the plusoptix and cyclorefraction values. Cylindrical values showed a better correlation. Refractive errors and amblyopia were the major ocular disorders observed. There was significant agreement between the refractive techniques in detecting amblyogenic risk factors.
Bioguided Fractionation of Polygonum alpinum. and Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Active Compounds

Abstract Bioguided fractionation of the methanol extract of aerial parts from Polygonum alpinum. L. (Polygonaceae) was investigated using the exudation phase of inflammation in aseptic arthritis model, which is produced by carrageenan and radical-scavenging properties. Flavonoid-containing fractions showed anti-inflammatory and radical-scavenging activities. Therefore, isolation and structure elucidation of flavonoids were carried out. The eight flavonol glycosides, which were quercetin 3-O. -arabinofuranoside (= avicularin) (1), quercetin 3-O. -β. -glucuronopyranoside (2), quercetin 3-O. -α. -rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 6)-β. -glucopyranoside (3), quercetin 3-O. -β. -galacturonopyranoside (4), quercetin 3-O. -β. -glucopyranoside (5), kaempferol 3-O. -β. -galactopyranoside (6), quercetin 3-O. -β. -galactopyranoside (= hyperoside) (7), and myricetin 3-O. -β. -galactopyranoside (8), were isolated from the methanol herb extract of Polygonum alpinum. The structures were established by spectroscopic methods.
Incidence of posterior capsule opacification following phacoemulsification in patients with uveitis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) in patients with inactive uveitis who underwent phacoemulsification with acrylic hydrophobic intraocular lens. METHODS: Thus was a retrospective review of 25 consecutive patients (31 eyes) with uveitis who underwent phacoemulsification. A group of 100 patients (140 eyes) without uveitis served as historical controls. RESULTS: In patients with uveitis, PCO occurred in 11 eyes (35.5%), 6 (19%) of which were visually significant and required treatment with neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser. In the control group, PCO developed in 17 (12%) eyes which required treatment with Nd: YAG laser. The incidence of PCO was significantly higher in uveitis patients compared to the control group (P = 0.001), but the incidence of visually significant PCO requiring laser capsulotomy was not statistically significant (P = 0.3). CONCLUSION: The incidence of PCO in patients with uveitis was significantly higher than those without uveitis, but the need for Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy for visually significant PCO was not statistically significant.
Comparison of surface topography of low-friction and conventional TMA orthodontic arch wires using atomic force microscopy

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surface topography and roughness of orthodontic arch wire materials, including low-friction titanium molybdenum alloy (TMA), conventional TMA, and stainless-steel arch wires. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The surface topography was evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). A total of 24 wire specimens were used for the AFM scans {8 low-friction TMA (TMA-Low), 8 conventional TMA (TMA-C), and 8 stainless steel (SS)} (Ormco, Orange, CA, USA), measuring 0.016 × 0.022 inches. The conventional and low-friction TMA arch wires served as the test groups, while the stainless-steel arch wire served as the control group. RESULTS: Surface roughness evaluation using AFM revealed that the highest mean of all three roughness parameters was found in the TMA-C group followed by the TMA-Low and SS arch wires in descending order. Pairwise comparison of the mean values showed that the mean value of the SS arch wire material is statistically significantly lower than the mean values of the other two arch wire materials (TMA-C and TMA-Low). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean values of TMA-C and TMA-Low arch wires. CONCLUSION: The SS arch wire showed the smoothest surface topography among the alloys and had statistically significantly lower roughness values than the TMA-C and TMA-Low groups. Low-friction TMA arch wire is still considered to be inferior to stainless steel arch wire.