Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mortality of Broiler Chickens During Summer Fattening Periods Affected by Microclimatic Conditions

Abstract Mortality of chickens during two summer fattening periods L1 and L2 in commonly used halls for chicken fattening in Slovakia have been evaluated in this paper. Effect of microclimatic conditions in housing area on recorded mortality has been analysed. Mortality was assessed in six halls, microclimate parameters and surface temperatures were continually measured only in one of the middle halls. It was documented that high mortality occurred during summer in the last phase (P3) of fattening period due to sudden hot weather waves. Daily mortality rate varied up to 447 birds in evaluated hall 3. During the last third of both fattening periods, it was significantly higher than during the first two phases (PL1 = 0.0036; PL2 = 1.4·10−6). Differences among halls were insignificant (PL1 = 0.614; PL2 = 0.413). In L1, average daily temperatures went beyond the recommended temperatures from 21st to 31st day. During L2, it was from 29th to 31st day and from 36th to 38th. The extra high mortality occurred in L1 on 31st day (447 birds) and during L2 on 36th day (88 birds), 37th day (96 birds) and 38th day (155 birds). High differential temperatures have been recorded and uninterrupted time periods (6 hours or more) with temperature higher than 30 °C and/or the relative humidity (RH) exceeding 70% were occurred during these days. In order to eliminate effect of sudden hot weather waves, modern digitally controlled microclimate regulation technologies (heat pumps, floor cooling, etc.) can be used, supported by data obtained from detailed microclimate analysis documented in this paper.
Learning Design for Combinatorics with Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) Approach

The purpose of this research is to design learning combinatorics sub-material faktorial, permutation, combination and chance with RME approach. This research is a qualitative research. With this research method using design research. The research techniques used are measurement techniques, direct observation and documentation with tools in the form of objective tests, observation sheets and document sheets. The research subjects were 2 classes, namely A1 and A2 classes in the Mathematical Statistics course, especially combinatorics material totaling 35 students with the learning trajectory in the form of numbers that were applied alternately to students. The conclusion of this research is obtained: 1) in the faktorial sub-material, students are introduced to the RME approach that 4! =24, 3! =6, 2! =2, 1! =1until it is proven that 1! =1; 2) in the permutation and combination sub-material, students are directed to be examples of the same numbers and letters that form the rules of permutation and combination; 3) in the opportunity sub-material, students are exemplified about coins and dice, both in one, two, and three pieces in the context of the problem.
Vanillic Acid Ameliorates Demyelination in a Cuprizone-Induced Multiple Sclerosis Rat Model: Possible Underlying Mechanisms

Objective: To investigate the effect of vanillic acid (VA) on a Cuprizone (Cup) demyelinating rat model and the mechanisms behind such effect. Methods: Thirty adult male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, Cuprizone, and VA groups. Cuprizone was administrated at a dose of 450 mg/kg per day orally via gastric gavage for 5 weeks. The nerve conduction velocity (NCV) was studied in an isolated sciatic nerve, and then the sciatic nerve was isolated for histopathological examination, electron microscope examination, immunohistochemical staining, and biochemical and PCR assay. The level of IL17 was detected using ELISA, while the antioxidant genes Nrf2, HO-1 expression at the level of mRNA, expression of the myelin basic protein (MBP), interferon-gamma factor (INF)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and apoptotic marker (caspase-3) were measured using immunohistochemistry in the sciatic nerve. Results: There was a significant reduction in NCV in Cup compared to normal rats (p < 0.001), which was markedly improved in the VA group (p < 0.001). EM and histopathological examination revealed significant demyelination and deterioration of the sciatic nerve fibers with significant improvement in the VA group. The level of IL17 as well as the expression of INF-γ and caspase-3 were significantly increased with a significant reduction in the expression of MBP, Nrf2, and HO-1 in the sciatic nerve (p < 0.01), and VA treatment significantly improved the studied parameters (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The current study demonstrated a neuroprotective effect for VA against the Cup-induced demyelinating rat model. This effect might be precipitated by the inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.
The impact of land use changes 1820-2020 on water quality and quantity in southeast Michigan

Since changes in land use and climate are impacting river systems around the world, there is a need to build models that enable integration of atmospheric and hydrologic models. This paper shows an adaptation to the soil curve number approach for continuous rainfall input, and the event mean concentration approach to simulate stream loading of total suspended solids, phosphorus (P) and Kjeldahl nitrogen. Simulated P loads were within 4.5% of measured values. Simulation using 1820, 1990 and predicted 2020 land covers showed that runoff has increased by 3.5 times since 1820, but will change little in the future. However, it appears that the large increases in pollutant loads that have occurred in the last 170 years will increase in the future. This emphasizes the need to implement non-point source pollution controls in the studied watershed.
Microtissue Culture Provides Clarity on the Relative Chondrogenic and Hypertrophic Response of Bone-Marrow-Derived Stromal Cells to TGF-β1, BMP-2, and GDF-5

Chondrogenic induction of bone-marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) is typically accomplished with medium supplemented with growth factors (GF) from the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/bone morphogenetic factor (BMP) superfamily. In a previous study, we demonstrated that brief (1–3 days) stimulation with TGF-β1 was sufficient to drive chondrogenesis and hypertrophy using small-diameter microtissues generated from 5000 BMSC each. This biology is obfuscated in typical large-diameter pellet cultures, which suffer radial heterogeneity. Here, we investigated if brief stimulation (2 days) of BMSC microtissues with BMP-2 (100 ng/mL) or growth/differentiation factor (GDF-5, 100 ng/mL) was also sufficient to induce chondrogenic differentiation, in a manner comparable to TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL). Like TGF-β1, BMP-2 and GDF-5 are reported to stimulate chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs, but the effects of transient or brief use in culture have not been explored. Hypertrophy is an unwanted outcome in BMSC chondrogenic differentiation that renders engineered tissues unsuitable for use in clinical cartilage repair. Using three BMSC donors, we observed that all GFs facilitated chondrogenesis, although the efficiency and the necessary duration of stimulation differed. Microtissues treated with 2 days or 14 days of TGF-β1 were both superior at producing extracellular matrix and expression of chondrogenic gene markers compared to BMP-2 and GDF-5 with the same exposure times. Hypertrophic markers increased proportionally with chondrogenic differentiation, suggesting that these processes are intertwined for all three GFs. The rapid action, or “temporal potency”, of these GFs to induce BMSC chondrogenesis was found to be as follows: TGF-β1 > BMP-2 > GDF-5. Whether briefly or continuously supplied in culture, TGF-β1 was the most potent GF for inducing chondrogenesis in BMSCs.
Mycodiversity of Orchha Wildlife Sanctuary (M.P.) India

Fungi being saprophytic, play a vital role in decomposition and recycling of litter and forest debries. Fungi also help to keep soil healthy by releasing nutrients. The objective of current study is to investigate the fungal diversification in Orchha Wildlife Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh. Samples of degrading litter were collected throughout the year in the Orchha region. The collected material was dissolved in double distilled water and serially diluted upto three times. The Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium-filled petriplates were streaked with both the undiluted and diluted solutions. As slants, pure cultures were kept at 4°C. Macroscopic and microscopic both methods were used to identify fungus isolates. There were 33 distinct fungi that were isolated and named - Acremonium implicatum, Alternaria alternata, Ascochyta graminicola, Aspergillus flavipes, A. flavus, A. fischeri, A. fumigatus, A. japonicus, A. nidulans, A. niger, A. terreus, A. tamarii, Beltraniella humicola, Ceratocystis paradoxa, Chaetomium salami, Cladosporium sphaereospermum, Colletotrichum capsici, Cunninghamella blakesleeana, Curvularia lunata, Emericella nidulans, Fusarium oxysporum, Gibberella zeae, Humicola fuscoatra, Mucor hiemalis, Paecilomyces lilacinus, P. variotii, Pestalotiopsis mangiferae, Penicillium chrysogenum, P. decumbens, Rhizopus stolonifer, Rhodotorula glutinis, Scopulariopsis brumptii and Trichoderma viride.
Interface Hydrogen and Passivation of Amorphous Silicon / Crystalline Silicon Heterojunction

The Si surface passivation by amorphous Si (a-Si:H) layers is investigated, where the a-Si:H layers are grown with different plasma current and methods. A significant improvement in passivation quality (iVoc = 738 mV, ≈ 40 mV increase from baseline) is achieved when the a-Si:H growth plasma was interrupted (OFF/ON) at the midway of deposition followed by a post deposition annealing. This improvement is attributed to the homogeneous uniform nucleation and growth of a-Si:H stack layer and layer densification (removal of some hydrogen) during annealing.
The geometry and complexity of spatial patterns of terrestrial channel networks: Distinctive fingerprints of erosional regimes

The morphology of channel networks related to long‐term erosion reflects the mechanisms involved in their formation. This study aims to identify quantitative metrics, drawn from topographic data and satellite imagery, that are diagnostic of the distinctive styles of erosion by rivers, glaciers, subglacial meltwater, and groundwater sapping. From digital elevation models, we identify three geometric metrics: the minimum channel width, channel aspect ratio (longest length to channel width at the outlet), and tributary junction angle. We also characterize channel network complexity in terms of its stream order and fractal dimension. To validate our approach, we perform a principal component analysis (PCA) on measurements of these five metrics on 70 channel networks. We build understanding of these results, in turn using scaling analyses of appropriate physical models. We show that rivers, glaciers, and groundwater sapping erode the landscape in rigorously distinguishable ways. Whereas rivers are characterized by nearly constant minimum width, variable aspect ratio, and high stream orders, glaciers have highly variable minimum widths and aspect ratios and much smaller stream orders. Erosion by subglacial meltwater remains poorly understood, and we argue that we require an additional metric to fully characterize these systems. Our methodology can more generally be applied to identify the contributions of different processes involved in carving a channel network. In particular, we are able to identify transitions from fluvial to glaciated landscapes or vice versa.
On-the-Fly Learning With Mixed-Mode Spiking Neural Network and Passive Memristive Array: Application to Neuromorphic Cameras

The massive deployment of the Internet of Things (IoT) combined with the need to reduce its impact on global energy consumption calls for the design of intelligent sensors. These sensors must be able to process information in situ to reduce the amount of data to be transferred, and to perform computing at low energy cost. Therefore, the design of intelligent sensors requires a compromise between performance and energy consumption. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are good candidates for achieving the goal of an efficient intelligent sensor, as they use event-based computation. Interest for hardware implementation of SNNs has bloomed since the first experimental observation of memristors in 2008. In this paper, we study, by simulation means, the impact of the main technological parameters of Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions (FTJs) synapses and of analog Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) neurons on the system learning capabilities. This allows us to determine which parameters are critical for the design of such systems and to suggest mitigation solutions as well as guidelines on how to build a SNN-based smart vision sensor in the context of unsupervised or reward-modulated learning. In particular, we show that splitting up the passive crossbar array of memristors could help dealing with the detrimental effect of the input voltage offset of the postsynaptic neurons.
The Role of TAM Receptors in Bone

The TAM (TYRO3, MERTK, and AXL) family of receptor tyrosine kinases are pleiotropic regulators of adult tissue homeostasis maintaining organ integrity and self-renewal. Disruption of their homeostatic balance fosters pathological conditions like autoinflammatory or degenerative diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematodes, or liver fibrosis. Moreover, TAM receptors exhibit prominent cell-transforming properties, promoting tumor progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance in various cancer entities. Emerging evidence shows that TAM receptors are involved in bone homeostasis by regulating osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption. Therefore, TAM receptors emerge as new key players of the regulatory cytokine network of osteoblasts and osteoclasts and represent accessible targets for pharmacologic therapy for a broad set of different bone diseases, including primary and metastatic bone tumors, rheumatoid arthritis, or osteoporosis.
The degradation of physical properties of soils in Russia and ways to minimize it

It is shown that the most important factor of degradation of soil physical properties is soil disaggregation resulting from a decrease in the soil organic matter and change in its composition, as well as from soil compaction by farm machines. In order to assess the degree of degradation of the plow layer, a set of indices of soil physical properties is developed. The degradation control measures should include the conservation of the content and composition of organic matter and the reduction of machine impact on soil down to a permissible level.
Remote Surgical Discussion of Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease Patients without Surgery on Site-Retrospective Insights

Objective: The heart team approach is highly advocated for in treatment decision making in patients with multivessel disease (MVD). Nevertheless, many centers lack on-site cardiac surgical services (CSS)/formal heart team. Our local alternative is of remote surgical consultation without a structured image sharing platform. In our understanding, the incidence of anatomical complete revascularization (ACR) under this daily practice, and its clinical impact, has not been discussed before. Methods: We analyzed 477 consecutive patients who were surgically revascularized between January 2009 and March 2018 for MVD, after remote surgical consultation. Unstable, late arrival, and ST elevation patients were excluded (n = 163). ACR was considered grafting all anatomic lesions > 50%. Syntax score (SS) calculation and ACR categorization were determined by an independent interventionalist using diagnostic angiograms and available operative reports (n = 267). Patients’ outcomes were assessed in relation to multiple clinical variables including troponin result and the revascularization status. Results: Three hundred and fourteen patients were included. Mean age was 64 years, and mean SS-II was 27.3 ± 11. At the 4-year follow-up, the observed mortality (11.8% and 12.9%, with troponin-positive and -negative groups, respectively), myocardial infarction (11.8%), and repeat revascularization (9.8%) were higher than those predicted using a nomogram depicting the predicted 4-year mortality as a function of the SYNTAX II Score (5.3%, 8.8%, and 3.5%, respectively, p = 0.02). ACR was reported in 33% of 267 available patients’ reports. After multivariate adjustment ACR was the only variable associated with a significant increase in 4-year mortality (12.3% vs. 6.7%, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Partial revascularization in the absence of on-site CSS and a structured heart team platform is a frequent occurrence. Not surprisingly, this occurrence was associated with a higher risk for mid-term mortality. An upfront, structured, virtual, heart team interface is mandatory to particularly prioritize the completeness of revascularization when considering the optimal revascularization mode.
Autonomous Recovery Control of Biomimetic Robotic Fish Based on Multi-Sensory System

As a new-type underwater robot with outstanding motion performance and environmental friendliness, bionic robotic fish holds enormous potential in the field of ocean exploration. In practical application, it is a vital mission for underwater robots to accomplish efficient and stable autonomous recovery. To this end, this letter presents a novel bionic robotic fish with a multi-dimensional sensory system followed by its autonomous recovery control. Firstly, a wire-driven robotic fish is developed by the new-type active and passive joint design, and the excellent three-dimensional motion maneuverability is achieved. Secondly, a multi-dimensional sensory system consisting of binocular fish-eye cameras and infrared sensor array is constructed, obtaining the reliable visual and distance perception. On the basis of designed prototype and sensory system, regarding to the recovery process, four representative recovery stages are particularly proposed, thus achieving autonomous recovery control of the robotic fish. Finally, extensive indoor and outdoor experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the developed autonomous recovery system of robotic fish. The obtained results can serve as a valuable reference for the timed energy supply and data uploading of bionic robots in the long-term task.
Existential Constructions, Definiteness Effects, and Linguistic Contact: At the Crossroads between Spanish and Catalan

Existential sentences in Spanish are sensitive to the definiteness or quantification restriction or effect, which prevents personal pronouns, proper nouns, and definite constituents from occupying the pivot position. Contact varieties between Spanish, a robust language as regards the effect, and Catalan, which has a weaker version, remain largely unexplored. This paper fills this void. A large corpus was gathered to quantitatively study the variation between definite and indefinite pivots. Examples involving definite, specific pivots and even proper names, hitherto unnoticed, are brought to the fore. The pivot of the existential in Spanish is argued to bear Partitive case, as shown by (i) pronominal existential pivots in other Romance languages, (ii) the phi-feature defectiveness of the clitic out of the pivot position, (iii) and partitive pronouns with unaccusatives in Spanish. The hypothesis is put forth that varieties of Spanish in contact with Catalan no longer relate Partitive case to the non-definiteness of the pivot.
Diagnostic Performance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Parathyroid Localization of Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Systematic Review

Accurate preoperative localization is crucial for successful minimally invasive parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Preoperative localization can be challenging in patients with recurrent and/or multigland disease (MGD). This has led clinicians to investigate multiple imaging techniques, most of which are associated with radiation exposure. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers ionizing radiation-free and accurate imaging, making it an attractive alternative imaging modality. The objective of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the diagnostic performance of MRI in the localization of PHPT. PubMed and Embase libraries were searched from 1 January 2000 to 31 March 2023. Studies were included that investigated MRI techniques for the localization of PHPT. The exclusion criteria were (1) secondary/tertiary hyperparathyroidism, (2) studies that provided no diagnostic performance values, (3) studies published before 2000, and (4) studies using 0.5 Tesla MRI scanners. Twenty-four articles were included in the systematic review, with a total of 1127 patients with PHPT. In 14 studies investigating conventional MRI for PHPT localization, sensitivities varied between 39.1% and 94.3%. When employing more advanced MRI protocols like 4D MRI for PHPT localization in 11 studies, sensitivities ranged from 55.6% to 100%. The combination of MR imaging with functional techniques such as 18F-FCH-PET/MRI yielded the highest diagnostic accuracy, with sensitivities ranging from 84.2% to 100% in five studies. Despite the limitations of the available evidence, the results of this review indicate that the combination of MR imaging with functional imaging techniques such as 18F-FCH-PET/MRI yielded the highest diagnostic accuracy. Further research on emerging MR imaging modalities, such as 4D MRI and PET/MRI, is warranted, as MRI exposes patients to minimal or no ionizing radiation compared to other imaging modalities.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Dalbavancin in Real Life: A Two-Year Experience

Dalbavancin is a long-acting lipoglycopeptide that is registered for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections, and it is also increasingly used for infections that require prolonged antibiotic treatment. Here, we present the results from the first 2 years of a service set up in December 2021 for the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of dalbavancin in clinical settings. In particular, we compared the trough concentration (Cmin) to maximum concentration (Cmax) in patients with osteoarticular infections receiving prolonged treatment with dalbavancin. Log-linear regression models were used to estimate the timing of dalbavancin administration with the goal of maintaining Cmin concentrations of >8 mg/L in the two TDM-based strategies. From December 2021 to November 2023, 366 TDMs of dalbavancin from 81 patients were performed. The Cmin and Cmax concentrations of dalbavancin ranged from 4.1 to 70.5 mg/L and from 74.9 to 995.6 mg/L, respectively. With log-linear regression models, we estimated that each injection should be administered every 42–48 days to maintain the Cmin concentrations. Out of the 81 patients, 37 received at least three doses of dalbavancin for the treatment of osteoarticular infections. Despite there being no significant differences in the days of dalbavancin treatment (130 ± 97 versus 106 ± 102 days), the patients in the Cmax-based TDM group received a significantly lower number of dalbavancin injections (5.2 ± 1.8 versus 7.3 ± 2.6 injections, p = 0.005), and they were administered over a longer period of time (40 ± 10 versus 29 ± 14 days, p = 0.013) than in the Cmin-based TDM group. In conclusion, Cmax-based TDM was associated with a significant reduction in the inter-individual variability of dalbavancin concentrations and lower drug dosing frequency than those of Cmin-based TDM. This approach could, therefore, favor a more rational and targeted use of dalbavancin in patients requiring prolonged treatment.