Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Mutual Incorporation of Mg2+ and CO32− into Hydroxyapatite: A DFT Study

Hydroxyapatite (HA) with a stoichiometry composition of Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 is widely applied for various biomedical issues, first of all for bone defect substitution, as a catalyst, and as an adsorbent for soil and water purification. The incorporation of foreign ions changes the acid–base relation, microstructure, porosity, and other properties of the HA materials. Here, we report the results of calculations of the density functional theory and analyze the possibility of two foreign ions, CO32− and Mg2+, to be co-localized in the HA structure. The Na+ was taken into account for charge balance preservation. The analysis revealed the favorable incorporation of CO32− and Mg2+ as a complex when they interact with each other. The energy gain over the sole ion incorporation was pronounced when CO32− occupied the A position and Mg2+ was in the Ca(2) position and amounted to -0.31 eV. In the most energy-favorable complex, the distance between Mg2+ and the O atom of carbonate ion decreased compared to Mg…O distances to the surrounding phosphate or hydroxide ions, and amounted to 1.98 Å. The theoretical calculations agree well with the experimental data reported earlier. Understating the structure–properties relationship in HA materials varying in terms of composition, stoichiometry, and morphology paves the way to rational designs of efficient bio-based catalytic systems.
SULFORAPHANE ADMINISTRATION AFTER HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK/RESUSCITATION IN MICE REDUCES THE SECRETION OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND INCREASES THE IMMUNOCOMPETENCE OF SPLENIC MACROPHAGES

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of sulforaphane (SFN), a nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor (Nrf2) pathway activator, on splenic macrophages’ immunocompetence after hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation (HS/R). Methods: Male C57/BL6 wild-type mice (n = 6 per group) were subjected to either pressure-controlled HS (MAP, 35–45 mm Hg) or a sham procedure surgery (without HS). After 90 minutes of HS, fluid resuscitation with withdrawn blood and 0.9% NaCl was performed. Sulforaphane (50 mg/kg of body weight) was applied intraperitoneally immediately after the resuscitation phase as well as 24 and 48 h thereafter, depending on group allocation. The mice were killed at 6, 24, and 72 h after resuscitation. After killing, spleens were harvested to perform Nrf2 immunofluorescence histology. Splenic macrophages were isolated and cultured to measure cytokine secretion in the cell culture supernatant. Furthermore, macrophages isolated after 24-hour resuscitation were treated with 100 ng/mL of bacterial LPS to measure immunocompetence. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging was performed to verify the distribution of SFN in the spleen after intraperitoneal injection. Results: We showed that administered SFN reached the spleen within the first hour after administration. Furthermore, we identified that SFN increased splenic Nrf2 activation and decreased cytokine expression in splenic macrophages after HS/R. In addition, we showed that SFN exhibited splenic anti-inflammatory properties of macrophages in vitro (IL-6/IL-10-ratio of the HS/R group: 51.79 ± 9.99 [at 6 h] and 15.70 ± 3.35 [at 24 h] vs. HS/R + SFN group: 20.54 ± 5.35 [at 6 h] and 8.60 ± 2.37 [at 24 h], P < 0.05). Furthermore, SFN improved in vitro splenic macrophage immunocompetence after HS/R, as evidenced by the increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines in response to LPS stimulation in vitro. Conclusions: Our study shows that SFN can reduce inflammatory cytokines secreted by splenic macrophages after HS/R and increase their immunocompetence toward a more anti-inflammatory profile.
A Critical Look at Some Analyses of Major League Baseball Salaries

Abstract At a data analysis exposition sponsored by the Section on Statistical Graphics of the ASA in 1988, 15 groups of statisticians analyzed the same data about salaries of major league baseball players. By examining what they did, what worked, and what failed, we can begin to learn about the relative strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to analyzing data. The data are rich in difficulties. They require reexpression, contain errors and outliers, and exhibit nonlinear relationships. They thus pose a realistic challenge to the variety of data analysis techniques used. The analysis groups chose a wide range of model-fitting methods, including regression, principal components, factor analysis, time series, and CART. We thus have an effective framework for comparing these approaches so that we can learn more about them. Our examination shows that approaches commonly identified with Exploratory Data Analysis are substantially more effective at revealing the underlying patterns in the data and at .
The excitation of Tollmien-Schlichting waves in low subsonic boundary layers by free-stream sound waves

The excitation of Tollmien-Schlichting waves in low subsonic flat-plate boundary layers by sound is investigated theoretically. The problem is formulated mathematically as an inhomogeneous boundary-value problem which is then solved by a Green's-function technique. It is found that the amplitude of the excited Tollmien-Schlichting wave satisfies an inhomogeneous first-order differential equation. The calculated wave amplitude according to this equation exhibits spatial oscillations in the region ahead of the lower branch neutral stable point of the boundary layer. This characteristic feature resembles that observed experimentally by Shapiro (1977). The theoretical value of the coupling constant between incident sound wave and excited Tollmien-Schlichting wave agrees favourably with measured data. Other predictions of the theory also seem to compare well with available experimental measurements.
A Study of Sequential Procedures for Estimating the Larger Mean.

Abstract : Blumenthal considered the problem of sequential estimation of the largest of k normal means when a bound is set on the acceptable mean square error. He showed that his procedure results in only a small savings in sample size when compared to a conservative fixed sample procedure for the case of known variance. Carroll criticized this procedure because it does not give the user the flexibility of sampling selectively from the k populations. Carroll defined a procedure which early in the experiment eliminates from further consideration those populations which are obviously not associated with the largest mean and hence provide little relevant information; his theoretical large-sample calculations indicate possible large savings in sample size with no corresponding increase in mean square error. In this paper we contrast the small sample behavior of the two approaches by means of a Monte-Carlo simulation study; both known and unknown variance are considered. (Author)
Excitation of magnetospheric waveguide modes by magnetosheath flows

Standard models of the Earth's outer magnetospheric waveguide assume that a perfectly reflecting magnetopause can trap energy inside the waveguide. In contrast, we show that the near-noon magnetopause often acts as a leaky boundary, wave trapping only being possible for large magnetosheath flow speeds. Moreover, for sufficiently fast flow speeds, we show how waveguide modes may be energized by magnetosheath flows via the overreflection mechanism. Unbounded simulations of the growth of surface waves via the development of a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) vortex sheet show growth rates which increase without limit proportional to wavenumber (ky), until the assumption of a thin boundary is no longer valid. For a bounded magnetosphere, however, overreflected body type waveguide modes can introduce wavenumber selection, that is, generate modes with maximum linear growth rates at finite ky. A necessary condition is that the wave is propagating in the magnetosphere, that is, the wave's turning point lies inside the magnetosphere. By developing a new description of both KHI and waveguide mode growth in terms of overreflection and the propagation of negative energy waves, we show how the maximum growth rate can be understood in terms of the reflection coefficient of waves incident upon the magnetopause. Our model can also explain the observed local time dependence of Pc5 field line resonance wave power, and can explain the observed correlation between high solar wind speeds and Pc5 wave power. Finally, we show how a waveguide with a free magnetopause boundary supports quarter-wavelength modes. These modes have lower frequencies than the standard (magnetopause velocity node) half-wavelength modes, perhaps generating the millihertz waveguide mode eigenfrequencies which appear to drive field line resonances in HF radar data.
Audiovisual augmentation for coil positioning in transcranial magnetic stimulation

ABSTRACT Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is an effective non-invasive treatment method for major depressive disorder. Accurate placement of an electromagnetic coil on the patient’s head during repetitive TMS is the key for stimulation of the desired brain regions and positive treatment outcome. Neuronavigation systems constitute the state-of-the-art method to accurately stimulate the appropriate brain region. Local separation of navigation information and the patient anatomy in combination with intricate visualisations and cumbersome setup limits the benefits and usability of this method. The present study addresses these problems by proposing an audiovisual Augmented reality (AR) system for coil positioning during TMS. The system sonifies and visualises translational and rotational differences between a target and the current instrument position using a minimalistic graphical user interface and auditory display. Effects of cross-modal integration on usability and targeting precision were shown in an experiment comparing audiovisual AR, audio AR and visual neuronavigation. Our approach revealed significant improvements in task time of all proposed AR conditions over neuronavigation (p < 0.001). Conversely, the neuronavigation system achieved significantly better targeting accuracy (p < 0.001). A purely auditory guidance achieved comparable performance as the audiovisual interface designs.
Optimal Exponential Utility in a Jump Bond Market

We consider the optimal exponential utility in a bond market with jumps basing on a model similar to Björk et al. [4], which is arbitrage free. Similar to the normalized integral with respect to the cylindrical martingale first introduced in Mikulevicius and Rozovskii [13], we introduce the (𝕄, Q 0)-normalized martingale and local (𝕄, Q 0)-normalized martingale. For a given maturity T 0 ∈ [0, T*], we describe the minimal entropy martingale (MEM) based on [T 0, T*] by a backward semimartingale equation (BSE) w.r. t. the (𝕄, Q 0)-normalized martingale. Then we give an explicit form of the optimal approximate wealth to the optimal exp-utility problem by making use of the solution of the BSE. Finally, we describe the dynamics of the exp utility indifference valuation of a bounded contingent claim H ∈ L ∞(ℱ T 0 ) by another BSE under the minimal entropy martingale measure in the incomplete market.
Estimating motion in image sequences

We have reviewed the estimation of 2D motion from time-varying images, paying particular attention to the underlying models, estimation criteria, and optimization strategies. Several parametric and nonparametric models for the representation of motion vector fields and motion trajectory fields have been discussed. For a given region of support, these models determine the dimensionality of the estimation problem as well as the amount of data that has to be interpreted or transmitted thereafter. Also, the interdependence of motion and image data has been addressed. We have shown that even ideal constraints may not provide a well-defined estimation criterion. Therefore, the data term of an estimation criterion is usually supplemented with a smoothness term that can be expressed explicitly or implicitly via a constraining motion model. We have paid particular attention to the statistical criteria based on Markov random fields. Because the optimization of an estimation criterion typically involves a large number of unknowns, we have presented several fast search strategies.
Psychometric Validation of the Indonesian Version of Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale 13

A psychometric evaluation of the Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale 13 (CRIES-13), which measures the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in children and adolescents caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, was conducted. We aimed to cross-culturally adapt and test the psychometric qualities of the CRIES-13 that was applied to Indonesian adolescents exposed to COVID-19 risk across gender groups. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a junior high school in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, in May 2022; 346 Indonesian adolescents aged 12 to 18 years completed the Indonesian version of the CRIES-13. The factorial validity results supported the scale’s three-factor structure (intrusion, avoidance, and arousal), which satisfied all parameter index requirements and exhibited a favorable level of internal consistency reliability. Excellent results were obtained across genders for the four-level measurement of invariance (i.e., configural, metric, scalar, and full invariance), and they met the recommended criteria. Our Cronbach’s alphas and composite reliability ratings were high (>0.7), indicating a strong correlation and reliability of the items for measuring each construct. We strongly support the use of the Indonesian CRIES-13, which was demonstrated to be valid and reliable for an adolescent population.
Monitoring translation in all reading frames downstream of weak stop codons provides mechanistic insights into the impact of nucleotide and cellular contexts

Abstract A stop codon entering the ribosome A-site is normally decoded by release factors that induce release of the polypeptide. Certain factors influence the efficiency of the termination which is in competition with elongation in either the same (readthrough) or an alternative (frameshifting) reading frame. To gain insight into the competition between these processes, we monitored translation in parallel from all three reading frames downstream of stop codons while changing the nucleotide context of termination sites or altering cellular conditions (polyamine levels). We found that P-site codon identity can have a major impact on the termination efficiency of the OPRL1 stop signal, whereas for the OAZ1 ORF1 stop signal, the P-site codon mainly influences the reading frame of non-terminating ribosomes. Changes to polyamine levels predominantly influence the termination efficiency of the OAZ1 ORF1 stop signal. In contrast, increasing polyamine levels stimulate readthrough of the OPRL1 stop signal by enhancing near-cognate decoding rather than by decreasing termination efficiency. Thus, by monitoring the four competing processes occurring at stop codons we were able to determine which is the most significantly affected upon perturbation. This approach may be useful for the interrogation of other recoding phenomena where alternative decoding processes compete with standard decoding.
Improving Muscle Force Distribution Model Using Reflex Excitation: Toward a Model-Based Exoskeleton Torque Optimization Approach

In this study, we improve the existing model for force distribution over the muscles by considering reflex excitation as a nonvoluntary mechanism of our neuromuscular system. The improved model can explain the large difference between biological torque and experimentally optimized assistive torque profiles. Accordingly, we hypothesize that the “nonvoluntary nature of reflexive excitation highly restricts biological torque compensation”. The proposed model can also potentially characterize co-activation behavior in antagonistic muscles. Using our improved model, we introduce a well-posed framework to optimize the exoskeleton torque profile by metabolic rate minimization. Methods: To support our hypothesis and the proposed method, we utilize two experimental datasets for exoskeleton torque optimization; passive and active ankle exoskeletons. First, we use the passive exoskeleton dataset to identify the parameters of our model; i.e., reflex gains. Then, to validate the proposed model, the identified parameters are used to optimize the exoskeleton torque profile for the second experimental study. Limitations: It is assumed that joint kinematic and reflex gains are fixed with and without exoskeleton. Results: 74% of biological torque at the ankle joint cannot be experimentally compensated and the existing models can only explain that 17% of the biological torque is uncompensable. Our improved model can explain that 58% of biological torque is uncompensable (but still 16% remains unexplained). This achievement provides support for our hypothesis and shows undeniable contribution of reflex excitation for exoskeleton torque profile optimization.
The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in the Development and Progression of Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is one of the 10 most common cancers in the world, which seriously affects the normal life and health of patients. According to the investigation report, the 3-year survival rate of patients with lung cancer is less than 20%. Heredity, the environment, and long-term smoking or secondhand smoke greatly promote the development and progress of the disease. The mechanisms of action of the occurrence and development of lung cancer have not been fully clarified. As a new type of gas signal molecule, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has received great attention for its physiological and pathological roles in mammalian cells. It has been found that H2S is widely involved in the regulation of the respiratory system and digestive system, and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of lung cancer. H2S has the characteristics of dissolving in water and passing through the cell membrane, and is widely expressed in body tissues, which determines the possibility of its participation in the occurrence of lung cancer. Both endogenous and exogenous H2S may be involved in the inhibition of lung cancer cells by regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism, mitochondrial DNA integrity, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B co-pathway hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). This article reviews and discusses the molecular mechanism of H2S in the development of lung cancer, and provides novel insights for the prevention and targeted therapy of lung cancer.
A physical model of switching dynamics in tantalum oxide memristive devices

We present resistive switching model for TaOx memristors, which demonstrates that the radius of a tantalum rich conducting filament is the state variable controlling resistance. The model tracks the flux of individual oxygen ions and permits the derivation and solving of dynamical and static state equations. Model predictions for ON/OFF switching were tested experimentally with TaOx devices and shown to be in close quantitative agreement, including the experimentally observed transition from linear to non-linear conduction between RON and ROFF. This work presents a quantitative model of state variable dynamics in TaOx memristors, with direct comparison to high-speed resistive switching data.
Anxiety and Efficacy in Computer Technology Integration among Secondary School Teachers of Angadanan, Isabela, Philippines

Globally, computer technology is changing the way educators teach and students learn. Faculty must be computer literate, competent to use available technologies and to become innovative and receptive to change. This study aimed to know the levels of computer anxiety and self-efficacy, use of computer applications in instructions and levels of computer anxiety explained by computer self-efficacy, computer usage and selected characteristics. Findings show the total composite anxiety score of 29.36 which is interpreted as Low Technophobia, Generally, Relax or Comfortable. Among the identified schools, self –efficacy of 96.61 was obtained which was interpreted as very confident. When the variables were grouped, a negative correlation (r =-.392) for computer self-efficacy and computer applications (r= -.22) were noted with the composite computer anxiety scores. These two variables had inverse linear relationships with computer anxiety but had a positive linear relationship with each other. The results revealed that groups’ having less self-efficacy have less enthusiasm to perform activities compared to groups having higher self-efficacy. Other findings shown that there are number of teachers whose responses are “not available” and only few hands are utilizing the benefit of using computer applications in their profession. It is recommended that schools should be more open to teachers in using computers and to provide comprehensive training to enhance their literacy and skills in computer application. For this effort, educators could use higher technology and the possibility to develop new instructional methods and materials in their teaching.
A Lagrangian–Eulerian model of particle dispersion in a turbulent plane mixing layer

A Lagrangian–Eulerian model for the dispersion of solid particles in a two‐dimensional, incompressible, turbulent flow is reported and validated. Prediction of the continuous phase is done by solving an Eulerian model using a control‐volume finite element method (CVFEM). A Lagrangian model is also applied, using a Runge–Kutta method to obtain the particle trajectories. The effect of fluid turbulence upon particle dispersion is taken into consideration through a simple stochastic approach. Validation tests are performed by comparing predictions for both phases in a particle‐laden, plane mixing layer airflow with corresponding measurements formerly reported by other authors. Even though some limitations are detected in the calculation of particle dispersion, on the whole the validation results are rather successful. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical factors associated with delayed emergency department visit in intracranial traumatic brain injury: from a multicenter injury surveillance registry

ABSTRACT Introduction Early diagnosis and intervention by visiting the emergency department (ED) are important for traumatic brain injury (TBI). We evaluate the factors associated with delayed ED visits in patients with intracranial TBI. Methods A retrospective multicenter observational study using the ED-based injury in-depth surveillance database (EDIIS) was designed. Patients with intracranial TBI with an alert mentality at ED presentation from 2014 to 2019 were enrolled. Patients were categorized into four groups according to ED visit time after injury (<1 h, 1–3 h, 3–12 h, and >12 h). ED visits after 12 h were defined as delayed ED visits. The factors associated with delayed ED visits were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results Among 15,620 patients with TBI enrolled in the final analysis, 2,190 (14.0%) visited the ED 12 h after injury. Multivariable analysis identified the following factors as independent predictors for delayed ED visit such as unintentionally struck by or against an object or unintentional fall as a trauma mechanism, injury during ordinary activities, indoor injury, injury during nighttime, winter season, combined subdural hemorrhage and epidural hemorrhage. Conclusion In patients with intracranial TBI with an alert mentality, multiple factors related to patient demographics and injury characteristics were associated with the time interval from injury to ED visit.