Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demographic and Clinical Study on Patients Referred to the National Cancer Research Center in Baghdad for Pap Smears

Background: Cervical cancer ranks the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide and the eighth cancer overall. It is considered as one of the most preventable malignancies, and can be controlled through screening and Pap smears. Objectives: To explore the demographic and clinical characteristics of a sample of Iraqi patients who were referred to the National Cancer Research Center of the University of Baghdad for Pap smear test. Patients and methods: The study enrolled 175 female participants who were subjected to clinical examination and Pap smear tests. A questionnaire was filled for each patient on which demographic and clinical variables were recorded. Cellular specimens were collected, fixed, stained by Papanicolaou stain and examined cytologically. The corresponding cytological findings were correlated with the studied variables and tabulated accordingly. Results: 60% of the 175 women were housewives, 40% got married before the age of 20 years, 35.4% had used contraceptive pills and 10.3% were nulliparous. The mean ages at marriage, pregnancy and first child birth were 20.2, 22.0 and 23.0 years respectively. On clinical examination, cervical erosions were obviously apparent in 41.7% of the cases and genital warts were noted in only one case (0.6%), while koilocytotic cellular atypia was observed in 4.0%. Pap smears revealed infections with Moniliasis and Trichomonas Vaginalis in 16.5% and 1.1% respectively. Atypical metaplastic changes, AGUS (atypical glandular cells of uncertain significance) and ASCUS (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance) were displayed in 21.1%, 5.7% and 22.3% respectively. Diagnoses of CIN I (LSIL) (cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia 1 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion), CIN II and CIN III (HSIL) (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) were reported in 26.8% and 2.3% respectively. Among patients with cervical erosions, the Pap smear findings illustrated more pronounced cellular changes consistent with atypical squamous metaplasia, AGUS and ASCUS (43.8%, 19.2% and 45.2% respectively). On the other hand, LSIL, kiolocytotic atypia and HSIL in these cases were registered in 15.1%, 6.8% and 1.3% respectively. Conclusions: The demonstrated young ages at marriage, pregnancy and childbirth of the examined patients, reflecting the early onset of sexual reproductive activities, and the associated cellular changes urge the necessity for promoting public awareness on the significance of Pap smear screening among Iraqi females. The Bethesda system facilitates easier interpretation of the results; thus fostering the communications between the examining pathologists and the gynecologists.
Automated Assessment of Quantitative REM Sleep without Atonia for Diagnosis of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a disorder characterized by the loss of muscle atonia that normally appears during REM sleep and the resulting body movements. RBD is associated with alpha-synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson’s disease, Lewy body dementia, and multiple systemic atroAutomated Assessment of Quantitative REM Sleep without Atonia for Diagnosis of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Influence of Vitamin D Level on Self-Perceived Fatigue, Body Mass Index and Health Related Quality of Life among Female Nurses in Two Governorates

Context: Vitamin D deficiency has been combined with fatigue, headache, musculoskeletal pain, weakness, as well as depression. Fatigue is a popular complain among nurses due to working on difficult settings, Low serum vitamin D is more prevalent among obese people; increase of BMI which lead to diminish nurses` self-confidence and feeling of failure. Nurses, who feel fatigue, increase BMI could not be good caregivers to the patients. Aim: the study aimed to examine influence of vitamin D level on self-perceived fatigue, Body Mass Index, and health related quality of life among female nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 female nurses working in the main university hospital, Alexandria University and El-Kaser El-Any Obstetric hospital, Cairo University. Four tools were used for data collection.Tool I: a Structured interview questionnaire, to assess socio-demographic characteristics; Tool II: assessment of two parts: Body mass Index calculation and 25-hydroxyvitamin D to determine level of serum vitamin D; tool III: SF-12 to measure general health status and well-being; and tool IV: Fatigue assessment scale was used to assess the perceived fatigue level among female nurses.Results: the highest percent of nurses in both Alexandria and Cairo nurses had insufficiency level of 25-OHD. A statistically significant inverse correlation between vitamin D level and increase BMI, nurses` self-perceived fatigue level was observed while statistically significant direct correlation was found between vitamin D and quality of life. Conclusion: High prevalence of fatigue, obesity and decrease level quality of life among nurses could be attributed to vitamin D deficiency. Recommendation: study recommended periodic vitamin D check-ups in hospitals and setting of national health policies for screening and prevention of vitamin D deficiency to nurses in Egypt to prevent its complications.
ID7 Isolated from Bauhinia variegata Stem Inhibits Tumor Progression and Metastatic Mechanisms of Triple Negative Breast Cancer in Vivo

Background: The breast cancer has been the most common form of cancer among women. The triple negative subtype represents 20% of all breast cancer cases in the world and is standing out by affecting young women and being aggressive. The main cause of death of patients with cancer is due to metastasis, which can reach the liver and lungs. Objective: The activities of ID7 fraction of the stems of Bauhinia variegata L. on breast cancer, lung metastasis and liver inflammatory process were evaluated. Method: ID7 was characterized by mass-spectrometry. The viability of murine mammary cells (4T1) treated with ID7 was assessed by MTT, trypan blue and fluorescence assay and viability of BT-20, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer tumor lines by MTS. The cell migration, invasion using matrigel and adhesion were performed. The expression of cell death proteins was quanitified by western blot and the gelatinases by zimogram. The ID7 activity of the tumor (4T1) and metastatic progession in vivo was evaluated. Results: ID7 reduced the 4T1 and MDA-MB-231viability and increased the late apoptosis, inhibited the 4T1 migration and invasion, increased the 4T1 adhesion and decreased the secreted active gelatinases. ID7 also increased the expression of PARP, caspase-7 and caspase-8, RIP and TNF-R1. In vivo, the ID7 decreased the volume and weight of the tumors and decreased lung metastasis and inflammation in the liver. The characterization showed mainly the presence of oleic acid, myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol in ID7. Conclusion: Thus, it was found that ID7 fraction exhibits selective antitumor and on the mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis activity, preventing lung metastasis and inflammation in the liver. It is suggested that fatty acids and flavonoids are correlated with such activities.
Effect of space allowance during transport and fasting or non-fasting during lairage on welfare indicators in Merino lambs

A total of 72 male lambs of Merina breed were sampled in a 3×2 factorial design, testing three different space allowances treatment (SA) during transport [0.16 m 2 /animal (SAL; n= 24); 0.20 m 2 /animal (SAM; n= 24) and 0.30 m 2 /animal (SAH; n= 24)] and two lairage treatments (TL) during 18 h previous slaughter [fasting (FAST; n= 36) vs feeding (FEED; n= 36)] on welfare physiological indicators. After transport, glucose and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were highest in SAM group and lowest in SAH one ( p< 0.05). SAL showed intermediate values for both parameters. SA did not affect the rest of the blood parameters studied. TL-FAST treatment decreased glucose values ( p< 0.001) while increased LDH ( p< 0.001). Fasting caused an increase ( p< 0.05) of Red Blood Cell Count values in SAM group. Feed deprivation did not affect cortisol or adrenaline values. Noradrenaline value was higher ( p< 0.001) in TL-FAST groups than in TL-FEED. In conclusion, under the conditions of this study, a range of space allowance during transport between 0.16 and 0.30 m 2 /lamb could be recommended without showing major changes on welfare physiological indicators; and feeding could be more appropriate than fasting during lairage.
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Research

Introduction Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) may be defined as any variation from the normal menstrual cycle. It includes changes in regularity and frequency of menses, duration of flow, or amount of blood loss [1]. Among women of reproductive age, AUB is a common cause of visits to the emergency department and/or health care provider. Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is the most common presentation of AUB.
Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan together with those of Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka

1200 species of birds, in 20 orders and numerous families, are known in the Indian subcontinent. This handbook describes their distribution, habits, breeding biology, diet, voice, and other features. Over 100 plates and systematic keys in the text help with identification. Maps show the distribution of many migratory and spatially restricted forms, and a number of line drawings illustrate diagnostic features such as bills and feet. This new compact edition brings together the text of all ten volumes of the original handbook , with 106 plates by the famous American bird painter John Henry Dick depicting all the bird species found in that region. The text and black-and-white text illustrations of the handbook appear here photographically reduced by 30%, with four pages of the original occupying one page of the compact edition . The colour plates appear in the same size as in the original editions. Readership; scholars and students of ornithology and zoology.
Substances Extracted during Skin Contact with White Musts. I. General Wine Composition and Quality Changes with Contact Time

Chemical and quality changes in wines due to contact time with skin are reported. Of note are increases in pH, color, total nitrogen, and total phenolics, and decreases in total acid and tartaric acid. Differences in changes with different varieties are noted. Forty-eight hours on the skins harmed quality. Twelve hours of skin contact time was most favorable after 1 year storage, but zero hours (free run) and 12 hours were of equal quality stortly after fermentation. If appears safe to conclude that up to 12 hours of skin contact time will not harm wine quality as long as the main conditions are as reported (no agitation, 70°C, 100 mg/l SO 2 , and good yeast inoculum).
DETERMINANTS of SMALLHOLDER POTATO FARMERS’ COMMERCIALIZATION in CENTRAL HIGHLANDS of ETHIOPIA DETERMINANTS of SMALLHOLDER POTATO FARMERS’ COMMERCIALIZATION in CENTRAL HIGHLANDS of ETHIOPIA

Ethiopian agricultural sector is dominated by traditional technologies dependent on low input, rain-fed and mixed farming. A shift from subsistence-oriented production to market-oriented agricultural production is essential to meet the food needs of a growing and urbanizing population. The study was carried out in Central Highlands of Ethiopia to determine the level of household commercialization index (HCI) and to identify factors that determine variation in the level of commercialization. The study used household level cross sectional data collected from 196 smallholder farmers selected by multistage sampling technique using a structured questionnaire. Output commercialization indices were derived for all the participating farmers and the mean HCI during the survey period was 61 percent. Tobit regression model were employed to determine factors that affect smallholder commercialization. The model revealed that level of commercialization was positively and significantly affected by higher levels of potato production, educated household heads and household heads who owned larger number of livestock (TLU) whereas household heads with highest family size, old aged household heads and distant market from farm negatively and significantly affected commercialization. The study concludes that smallholder farmers have a great potential for HCI that can be developed. Younger peoples are comparatively more business-minded, produced beyond home consumption and participated in selling than their older counterparts. Nowadays the farming population is growing older and younger peoples are migrating to urban areas choosing city life. Therefore, attracting the young generation to engage in agriculture is necessary. The study suggested the need for policies to encourage the participation of young peoples in agriculture sector and the development of market facilities in the area. Since the consumer demand is shifting from fresh tubers to processed products the study also recommends the policy to encourage farmers to sell processed products than fresh tubers.
THE PREVALENCE AND SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF MALNUTRITION AMONG UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA

Background: In Nigeria, malnutrition has become a serious health crisis in growing children, especially among under-five children and many factors have been attributed to its causes. This study examined the prevalence rate and socioeconomic determinants of malnutrition among under age 0-59 month’s children in the urban and rural areas of Ekiti state, Nigeria. A Cross-section of 152 children was recruited. Methods: To measure the prevalence of malnutrition, anthropometric measures using the WHO child growth reference standards were employed. Probit model was used to examine the socioeconomic determinants of malnutrition. Results: In the urban, there was prevalence rate of 20.8% in the case of Moderate Acute Malnutrition for HAZ with 9.8% higher rate among male than female and 60(80%) in the rural area. Using Severe Acute Malnutrition for HAZ, the prevalence rate was 16.9% with 20.5% and 12.2% for male and female respectively in urban area, while it was 25.8% higher in the rural area. The prevalence rate was higher among children within the age bracket of 0-11 months. The probit result revealed that the prevalence of malnutrition in urban areas was determined by the parent’s marital status, parent’s type of occupation and the household size. However, for the rural areas, the determinants of malnutrition were mother’s type of occupation and the mother’s level of income. Discussion: The findings indicate that the larger percentage of malnourished and stunted under-five children are male and those within the age range of 0-23months with higher prevalence in the rural area. This condition is attributed to occupation and income of mothers. These findings clamor for women empowerment through skill acquisition and training, especially for those in the rural areas so as to increase their income level and aid them in providing sufficient nourishing food for their ward. JEL Classification: I12
Optical Properties of CdTe Quantum Dots Synthesized at Different pH

In this piece of work a simple aqueous method is employed to synthesis CdTe quantum dots (QD). Cadmium chloride and Sodium Telluride are used as the source of cadmium and tellurium, further Mercaptosuccinic acid is used as a capping agent in the synthesis process. UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the CdTe QD samples synthesized at different pH ranging from 4 to 11 are recorded. Effect of the pH on growth of QDs are studied and mentioned in this paper. Band gap of the samples are calculated and graph of bandgap vs refluxing time is plotted, Bandgap vs refluxing time curve clearly shows the size quantization effect.
Phenotyping of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes for physiological and yield traits under mid-season drought stress

Two field experiments were conducted during Rabi 2014-15 and 2015-16 to screen 12 peanut genotypes for physiological traits and to study the changes in gas exchange parameters under water deficit condition. The two years data on various physiological and yield traits was collected, pooled and subjected to Repeated Measures mixed Analysis of Variance (RMANOVA) at a probability level of 5 % and Principal Component analysis was carried out using SPSS 20.0software. The physiological traits viz., gas exchange parameters, SCMR, SLA, RWC, RI and CSI of peanut leaves significantly differed among irrigation treatments and genotypes. From the PCs, it was clear that among all the twelve variables, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and pod yield are the major source of variation both in T1 and T2 treatments. Our results suggest that the genotypes TCGS 1345 followed by TCGS 1343 are promising genotypes which maintained least deviation on physiological traits and recorded high pod yields under water deficit condition.
Evaluation of Seven Fodder Beet Genotypes under Different Egyptian Ecological Conditions Using Regression, Cluster Models And Variance Measures Of Stability

Fodder beet, Yield, Quality, Stability, Correlation and Cluster Analysis. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate seven fodder beet varieties under four different ecological locations, Sakha, Gemmiza, Serw and Esmaellia Farm Research Stations of the Agricultural Research Center during two successive growing winter seasons; 2010/11 and 2011/12. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The present investigation focused on the yielding properties, quality, stability, cluster and correlation relationships. The maximum percentage of crude protein in seeds was noted in Rota, Beta Voroshanger and Monro (15.31, 14.51 and 14.5%); whereas, the minimum crude protein was observed in Jamon (13.32%). The highest percentage of seed carbohydrate was recorded in Rozsa Szi u Beta (74.01%) with mean value 72.72% across all genotypes. Total fresh Root yield and total dry yield of fodder beet genotypes ranged from 28.22 to 59.02 t fed and 3.88 to 11.00 t fed, respectively. Sakha location had the highest total fresh yield t fed across all growing locations. The total dry yield exhibited highly significant positive correlation coefficients with all studied characters except root length which reflected highly significant negative association. Hybrid Beta rose was shown to be the highest yielding, crude protein and most stable genotype across all locations. Cluster analysis based on squared Euclidean distance and ward s method, categorized the lines into three groups. Also, cluster analysis main components produced three clusters. The information on diversity and relationships among the agro-morphological traits will be helpful to fodder beet breeders in constructing their breeding populations or lines and implementing selection strategies.
Immunoprophylaxis with BCG of experimental Echinococcus multilocularis infections

Previous studies have demonstrated that prophylactic treatment with BCG protects cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) against experimental infections with Echinococcus multilocularis; this treatment can, however, induce granulomatous reactions. In an attempt to identify a minimum prophylactic dose of BCG which would not induce granulomas, cotton rats were treated intraperitoneally with various doses of BCG (10(1) to 10(7) colony-forming units [CFU]) and then inoculated intraperitoneally with one brood capsule of the parasite. Consistent and complete protection was obtained by the inoculation of as few as 10(3) CFU of BCG. A dose of 10(1) CFU gave no protection whatsoever, and 10(2) CFU gave only partial protection. Doses larger than 10(3) (10(5), 10(7) CFU) also afforded complete protection but gave rise to granulomatous lesions. At the time of the inoculation of the parasite, protection coincided with a general elevation of leukocytes, especially cells of the monocyte/macrophage series. It is proposed that these results support evidence for the macrophage being the principal potential effector cell in hydatid disease.
Do National Political Systems Still Influence Arab Media?

This essay is intended to revisit the thesis I advanced in a study of Arab mass media first published in 1979, and updated in 1987 and 2004, that the most important variable influencing the political role of media channels in the Arab world is the national political system in which they operate. Recent changes in information technology, especially the growth of satellite television, have had an impact on Arab media, making national borders more porous, but I would argue that existing national political systems are still a dominant variable affecting the structure and behavior of Arab media. Just as changes in Arab domestic political circumstances in the past have brought about changes in the media systems that operate within their borders, the domestic political factors that exist today still have a major influence Arab newspapers, radio and even television, which in turn remain the most important means of mass communication.
The evolution of nest-site selection among hole-nesting birds: the importance of nest predation and competition

Minimum nest entrance widths were correlated with the size of the species. Depths of nesting holes were generally similar for different species, but the Blue Tit occupied shallower holes than did the Great Tit. The Starling Sturnus vulgaris, the Nuthatch Sitta europaea, and the Blue Tit occupied holes higher up in the trees than did the Great Tit and the Pied Flycatcher, in accordance with results of other studies. Contrary to what has been found in these, Marsh Tits nested very low. Total rates of nestfailure and predation were greater in low nests than in higher ones for the Starling, the Blue Tit, and the Marsh Tit. Differences between species in nest predation rates in natural holes could be explained by the vulnerability of the nest sites to predators. For the Starling, the Nuthatch and the Blue Tit average nest heights were negatively correlated with their respective population densities. For the Marsh Tit there was no such correlation, but its nest heights correlated negatively with the density of superior nest competitors. Independent nest preference and utilization data suggest that all four species that vary their nest heights in relation to density prefer to nest high. This indicates that there is competition for safe nest sites. The preference for nest sites higher up in the trees is adaptive and I suggest that predation is the factor that has selected for this preference. The Starling reduced the breeding success of the Nuthatch by taking over holes occupied by the latter. The proportion of Nuthatch nesting attempts that failed because of such interference was higher in high nests and when the population density of the Nuthatch was high.
STUDIES ON SOIL ALGAL FLORA IN KAFR EL- SHEIKH GOVERNORATE, EGYPT

In this study, soil samples were collected from ten different regions comprising the main ten cities of Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate during 2002. The Physico-chemical characteristics of the soil were investigated. The results showed remarkable differences among various sites. Twenty six genera including 40 species of algae were isolated and identified from the soil samples. They were 11 genera including 25 species of cyanobacteria and 15 genera including 15 species of green algae. The physico-chemical characteristics of soils in relation to algal distribution have also been considered.