Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of the Heartbeat Award scheme in Leicestershire

1 CHAPTER Is INTRODUCTION. 2 1.1 The potential of caterers in improving diet. 2 1.2 The Heartbeat Award Scheme nationally. 2 1.2. 1 Evolution of the scheme. 2 1.2. 2 Objectives of the scheme. 3 1.2. 3 Organisation of the scheme. 4 1.2. 4 Changes in the national organisation of the award. 4 1.2. 5 New award criteria. 4 1.3 The Heartbeat Award Scheme locally. 5 1.3. 1 Local food and nutrition policy. 5 1.3. 2 The organisation of the scheme. 5 1.3. 3 Changes to the scheme locally. 6 1.4 The need for evaluation of the scheme. 6 1.5 Evaluation in health education. 7 1.5. 1 Definitions of health education. 7 1.5. 2 Definitions/purpose of evaluation. 8 1.5. 3 Process, impact and outcome evaluation. 9 1.5. 4 Qualitative and quantitative methods. 10 1.6 Purpose of this study. 11 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. 12 Review of nutrition labelling schemes at the point-of-choice. 12 2.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Tacrolimus Versus Cyclosporine in the Treatment of Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy

Background: Immunosuppressive drugs have received the most attention for Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy (IMN) that include alkylating agents such as tacrolimus and cyclosporine. Objectives: This study was aimed to evaluate the eﬃcacy of tacrolimus versus cyclosporine in the treatment of IMN in the Western region of Iran. Methods: Thisclinicaltrialanddouble-blindstudywasperformedonIMNpatientsbasedontheprimarybiopsywitharangeof 15to 70years. ThepatientswithsecondarymembranousnephropathysuchashepatitisB,hepatitisCandsystemiclupuserythematosus werecensoredfromthestudy. GroupCwastreatedwithcyclosporine3-6mg/kg/dandalowdoseof prednisoloneandGroupTwas treated with tacrolimus 0.05 mg/kg/d and low dose of prednisolone. Results: 68 patients were entered in our study, 34 patients were randomly selected in Group T and 34 patients in Group C. The 24-hour urine protein reduced signiﬁcantly in the two groups after the 3rd and the 6th month compared with the baseline. Uric acid increased in Group T after 3 and 6 months compared with the baseline (P < 0.05), but there was no signiﬁcant diﬀerence in Group C. Creatinine clearance increased in two groups after 3 and 6 months compared with the baseline, however, it has been just as signiﬁcant in Group T after 6 months. There was no signiﬁcant diﬀerence in the two groups after 3 or 6 months from the ﬁrst dialysis. Conclusions: Cyclosporine and tacrolimus reduce proteinuria and serum creatinine after 6 months. Nonetheless, tacrolimus reduces urea and cyclosporine increases it. However, since the prevalence of the side eﬀects of both drugs is similar, tacrolimus has better results in the treatment of IMN patients compared with cyclosporine.
THE EFFECT OF EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE ON BUSH MEAT CONSUMPTION IN CALABAR MUNICIPAL, NIGERIA

This paper presents an analysis of the effects of Ebola virus disease on consumer purchase of bush meat in Calabar Municipal, Cross Rivers State. They study aimed at finding out if social campaigns on Ebola, group information on Ebola and personal knowledge of Ebola had an effect on purchase and consumption of bush meat in local restaurants and the contributions of various partners in implementing the campaign, and analyzed whether the issue had been adequately publicized. Data used for this study are from both secondary and primary sources. The set of secondary sources of data helped some theories related to the study and the variables of the study. Using the primary data, questionnaires were drawn and analyzed using the multi regression method to bring out relevant information about the reaction of consumers of bushmeat towards the effect of Ebola on consumer purchase of bush meat in local restaurants. Findings showed that, the campaign achieved its objectives. Results indicated that social campaign on Ebola, group information on Ebola and personal knowledge of Ebola led to the reduction of bush meat purchase and consumption. It was therefore recommended that the information and communication departments of the Ministries of Health and of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Forestry should be active in dispatching information to journalists in a timely manner and government should seek to disseminate information to people assuming the role of opinion leaders as quickly as possible. It was concluded that a change of business line should be encouraged to business ventures that will be vulnerable should there be another occurrence of the Ebola outbreak.
Role of galactomannan assay in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in high risk patients with hematological disorders

Introduction: Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is the most frequent invasive fungal infection occurring in high risk patients with haematological disorders and also an important cause of morbidity and mortality in them. Lungs comprise the primary site of IA in the vast majority of cases, and the most frequently occurring form of IA. Early diagnosis followed by early initiation of therapy improves outcome. The current culture based diagnostic methods are insensitive and slow. Detection of Aspergillus galactomannan (GM) in serum using the platelia Aspergillus enzyme immunoassay (GM EIA) represents sensitive, non-culture-based tool for the early diagnosis of IA. Recent studies have shown that during IPA, GM is released earlier and in higher concentration in the BAL fluid than in serum. Thus, an early and accurate diagnosis of IPA can be reached by detecting antigen in BAL samples. Materials and Methods: Thirty consecutive high risk patients with haematological disorders satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria according to EORTC-MSG diagnostic criteria and undergoing indoor treatment were recruited between November 2013 and December 2014 into the study. In all the patients, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid GM and serum GM assays were assayed. Results: The diagnostic accuracy of the two tests was measured by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). The optimal BAL GM index for diagnosing probable and possible IPA was >1.00 OD, resulting in a sensitivity and specificity of 93.75% and 78.57% respectively. As per ROC curve, when the optimal BAL GM index for the diagnosis of probable and possible invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) was OD >0.5, it resulted in sensitivity and specificity of 50% and 71.43% respectively. BAL GM was thus found to have a significantly higher sensitivity as compared to serum GM. Conclusion: In all high-risk patients with haematological disorders where the clinical and radiological findings favour the possibility of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, conducting a GM assay in BAL fluid sample is far more rewarding than carrying out the traditional serum GM assay. BAL GM has a high diagnostic accuracy when correlated with the EORTC/MSG diagnostic criteria, and this high diagnostic yield is useful in obviating the unnecessary widespread use and abuse of empirical antifungal therapy in patients with IPA.
Assessment of University Students' Knowledge's concerning German measles And Its Effect on Pregnancy And its Outcomes

Objectives: To assess the student’s knowledge regarding German measles and effect on pregnancy and it’s outcomes. Methodology: A descriptive analytic study has been conducted to university students; the data has been collected through a questionnaire format through interview with the study sample The questionnaire format is comprised of two parts, demographic characteristics and assessment knowledge of university student about German measles. A purposive (nonprobability) sample which consisted of (200) students. Sample which was collected from College of Languages and College of Arts. Data are analyzed through the use Excel (Statistical package) and Descriptive statistic was used to analyze data . Results: The results of the study revealed that the highest percentages (60%) at age group (21-25) years, (91%) for the unmarried, (48%) source of knowledge from internet, and most study sample are male. The study revealed that the most student had inadequate knowledge about Rubella. Conclusions: The study concluded that the most student had inadequate knowledge about Rubella. Recommendation: The study recommended to continues distribution of material through mass media to improve their knowledge of students regarding the German Measles and provide German Measles pamphlet of the instructional material to all students.
Compliance of Prenatal Patients with Dietary Instructions Prior to Blood Glucose Testing and a Comparison of Mixed Meal Screening Tests to Glucose Load Screening Tests

Three different instruction methods and their influence on selection of a breakfast test meal were studied. Subjects were 139 pregnant, Caucasian females screened for gestational diabetes by two-hour postprandial blood glucose evaluation. Macronutrient com­ ponents and kilocalories of the self-selected meals were variables analyzed and compared to the nutrient pattern of a standard meal plan. The effect of varying levels of nutrients on blood glucose values was examined. Subjects were assigned randomly to one of three groups. Sub­ jects in Group I were given no written or verbal instructions about test meal selection but were instructed to eat breakfast. Written instructions in the form of a sample meal pattern card and foods to avoid were given to Group II and Group III subjects. Group III subjects also were given verbal explanation and amplification of the written directions. Fasting blood glucose levels were tested, subjects consumed their test meals, and a second blood sampling was performed two hours after the test meal. Subjects were asked to recall foods and beverages consumed. The entire testing process was repeated for 45 of the subjects at a later date. Group assignment significantly (p<. 01) affected kilocalorie and carbohydrate (p<. 0001) levels in meals selected by subjects during the first testing process. Group I subjects selected meals significantly (p<.03) higher in kilocalories and carbohydrate than
Imaging of tumor hypoxia with PET : a step towards individualized cancer treatment

Hypoxia is a common characteristic of solid tumors and is associated with poor prognosis. Positron emission tomography (PET) can visualize tumor hypoxia in a non-invasive, 3dimensional manner and can be used to acquire information longitudinally. Multiple 2nitroimidazole based PET tracers are developed, validated and quantified in the search for the ideal hypoxia tracer and several tracers have shown to reliably represent tumor hypoxia. Furthermore, multiple studies describe the prognostic value of hypoxia PET imaging and the ability to monitor hypoxia during treatment. These applications can be of great potential and their role in treatment planning and modification needs to be further assessed with respect to personalized chemoradiation therapy. In this review we focus on the tracers that were positively validated in preclinical and clinical studies and report accurate quantification and visualization of hypoxia. The characteristics of these tracers are summarized for both preclinical and clinical studies. Furthermore, the clinical applications of hypoxia PET imaging are addressed with a focus on the ability to reliably monitor tumor hypoxia during treatment and the prognostic potential. Also the feasibility studies for hypoxia guided intensity modulated radiation therapy and the patient stratification for hypoxia targeted drugs are assessed. Current applications of hypoxia PET imaging 23
Scientific Opinion on the energy conversion factor of d‐tagatose for labelling purposes

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver a scienti ﬁ c opinion on the energy conversion factor of D -tagatose to be used for calculating the energy value of foods to be declared in nutrition labelling. Energy conversion factors for nutrients for the purpose of nutrition labelling have been set based on the concept of metabolisable energy (ME). The same methodology has been applied to calculate the energy conversion factor for D -tagatose in this opinion. The assessment is based on a dossier prepared for Nutrilab NV and submitted by Bioresco Ltd. At present, data are insuf ﬁ cient to derive an accurate ME value for D -tagatose. Relying on the human data indicating a mean absorption rate of 80% (range 69 – 88%) and a urinary excretion of either 1% or 5%, the corresponding energy values for D -tagatose would be 2.8 kcal/g (11.8 kJ/g) and 2.96 kcal/g (12.4 kJ/g), respectively. Taking into account that the remaining 20% of D -tagatose which is not absorbed in the small intestine is fermented in the colon and may deliver at least some energy, e.g. in form of short-chain fatty acids, the Panel concludes that a rounded estimate of the energy conversion factor for D -tagatose based on the available data and calculated as ME would be 3 kcal/g (12.5 kJ/g). The Panel considers that additional data on the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of D -tagatose in humans would help in the calculation of a more accurate energy conversion factor for D -tagatose based on the concept of ME. Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published John Wiley and Sons Ltd on of European Food Safety Authority.
Social determinants of drug-susceptible and drug resistant tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) represents a classic example of an infectious disease linked with the social determinants of the health. R of Moldova is a lower-middle income country of Eastern Eu ranking among 30 high MDR-TB burden states. The aim of the study: was de comparative assessment of the social determinants of drug-susceptible and drug resistant TB of 206 patients registred in 2013; 1st group (1stG)-174 drug susceptible TB and second group (2ndG) 33 MDR-TB cases. Drug resistance was confirmed by conventional phenotyping methods. Results: men prevaled in both groups 118 (67.8%) in 1stG vs 19 (57.5%) in 2ndG, young age ( Conclusions: social interventions must target all social disadvantaged groups, especially youngs, men, low educated, alcohol abusers.
Depression in Football

Recently there has been an increase in the importance of mental health in sport professionals. Studies have shown higher levels of depression than the general population. Biological components play a big role in endogenous research, and biological reasons for depression can include the genetic components that make up the individual. But a part from that, different factors linked with the biological predisposition as injuries, overtraining, sleep disturbance, retirement, alcohol, pressure and stress highlights the importance of proper social support structures that stakeholders within the clubs have to pay attention on, and invest in.
Comparative Cross Sectional Study on Chronic Respiratory Symptoms and Associated Factors among Addis Ababa city municipal Street Sweepers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Introduction Street sweepers play an important role in helping the wellbeing of the people and cleanliness of the cities. This job exposes the street sweepers to a variety of risk factors such as dust, toxins and diesel exhaust pollution, which leads them to develop respiratory symptoms and diseases. Objective: This study was designed to assess the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and associated factors among street sweepers. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of 208 street sweepers and 203 petty traders in Addis Ababa city in 36 districts of three selected sub cities; Yeka, Bole and Arada of Addis Ababa city administration from January to May 2016. The data was collected using close ended questionnaire adapted from American Thoracic Society respiratory symptoms questionnaire and observational check list was used to check the accessibility and utilization of personal protective devices. The collected data was entered in to computer using Epi-Info7 then exported to SPSS (version 20) for cleaning and analysis. Frequency distribution, Chi square test and logistic regression were used in data analysis. Result꞉ In this study, the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms was 113(54.3%) in street sweepers and 51(25.12%) petty traders with prevalence of Cough (43.6% versus 15.3%), Phlegm (24.8% versus 9.4%), Wheezing (19.3% versus 5.4%), breathlessness (17.8% versus 6.4%) and Chest pain (5.3% versus 1.5%). None of the street sweepers used respirator and 57.7% wearing mouth/nose mask. Chronic respiratory symptoms among street sweepers were associated with age (AOR = 1.382, 95 % CI, 1.176-10.861), work experience (AOR = 6.418,95 % CI, 1.604-25.686), working hours (AOR = 3.925, 95 % CI, 2.060-7.477) and past dust exposure (AOR = 2.696, 95 % CI, 1.278-5.685). Conclusions and recommendations Chronic respiratory symptoms were highly prevalent among street sweepers than the control group. Age, duration of job, working hours and past dust exposure were identified factors among street sweepers. Therefore, the study has recommended that Pre employment and on service training should be given and, appropriate protective device should be supplied in order to maintain the health and safety of workers. Further studies with cohort study design should be undertaken to identify the factors responsible for higher prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms among the street sweepers. IV
Preventing Back Injury in Caregivers

Caregivers injure their backs more than workers in any other industry. Efforts to reduce injuries have been on-going for decades with limited results. Mechanical lift devices have been incorporated into clinical practice over the past 30 years to reduce the risk of injury from patient lifting. Yet injury rates remain high. The use of mechanical lifts may be partly to blame. While these devices assist with lifting patients, they also introduce new activities that result in caregivers experiencing unsafe loading on the spine. We measured loads on the lower back during manoeuvres of the two most common lift types (overhead and floor) as well as during sling insertion. A new device called SlingSerter was evaluated for use in the clinical environment. We also investigated spine shrinkage as a measurement tool for estimating cumulative load.
Effectiveness of phone follow up discharge program on life style of patients admitted to CCU

Background: There is raft of document which highlights the effectiveness of life style on improvement of diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of phone follow up program on life style of patients after discharge from cardiac care of CCU. Methods: this was a quasi-experimental study included 144 patients admitted to CCU. The data gathered via demographic and life style related questionnaires comprising five subscale i.e. nutrition, physical activity, smoking and alcohol, sleep patterns, stress. Gathered information analyzed through SPSS software. Results: The results indicated phone follow up program improved nutrition habits (P<0/05), sleep pattern (P<0/05), physical activity (P<0/05), and stress (P<0/05), although smoking was not significantly different with control group. Conclusion: Considering effectiveness of phone follow up with nurses and reduces the health care cost in health centers. Therefore, it is suggested to nurse departments to apply this program after patients discharge.
Study of clinical and biochemical profile of subclinical hypothyroidism in children aged 2-12 years

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism is quite a common clinical condition in pediatric population. Objective of this study was to understand the clinical and biochemical profile of Subclinical hypothyroidism in children attending endocrinology OPD at a tertiary care center in southern India. Methods: In this study 62 children diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism. Clinical assessment and laboratorial evaluation was carried out in a systematic way. Symptomatology, anthropometry, measurement of vital parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure, tests for anti-thyroid antibody, lipid profile, estimation of bone age, USG neck, assessment of left ventricular function using M-mode echo were carried out at the time of diagnosis . Results: Subclinical hypothyroidism is more common in female children, principle symptoms were neck swelling and weight gain, goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis is more common in female, significant number of children had positive anti-thyroid antibodies, mean TSH value of patients with positive anti-thyroid antibody was high, there was no delay in bone maturation in majority of children, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were high, these children had abnormal lipid profile, heart rate and left ventricular function were normal. Conclusions: Subclinical hypothyroid children have higher risk of hypertension and pro-atherogenic lipid abnormalities. As there is a risk of progression to overt hypothyroidism these children needs regular follow up.
Credit Scoring for Vietnam’s Retail Banking Market: Implementation and Implications for Transactional versus Relationship Lending

As banking markets in developing countries are maturing, banks face competition not only from other domestic banks but also from sophisticated foreign banks. Combined with a dramatic growth of consumer credit and increased regulatory attention to risk management, the development of a well-functioning credit assessment framework is essential. As part of such a framework, we propose a credit scoring model for Vietnamese retail loans. First, we show how to identify those borrower characteristics that should be part of a credit scoring model. Second, we illustrate how such a model can be calibrated to achieve the strategic objectives of the bank. Finally, we assess the use of credit scoring models in the context of transactional versus relationship lending.
PERCEPTIONS OF BILINGUAL ENGLISH TEACHERS BY TEACHERS AND STUDENTS

This study investigates self-perceptions of Bilingual English (BE) teachers who taught English in Thailand. It examines their students’ perceptions of BE teachers from various countries who did not speak students’ first language (L1). This study addresses four areas of importance to the perceptions of BE teachers: (a) Thai university students’ perceptions of BE teachers from the beginning to the end of the course; (b) BE teachers’ perceptions of themselves from the beginning to the end of the course; (c) BE teachers’ and students’ variables related to their perceptions of BE teachers; and (d) students’ perceptions and their teachers’ perceptions of BE teachers. This study employs quantitative and qualitative research methods: pre- and post-course surveys and interviews. The surveys were distributed to eight BE teachers and their 57 students at the beginning and the end of the eight-week courses. The results of pre- and post-course surveys were compared to examine how their perceptions of BE teachers may have changed. After the post-course survey, interviews to randomly selected students taught by different BE teachers were conducted to further examine their perceptions. The results showed that both BE teachers and students had positive images of BE teachers. Moreover, not many variables were found in both groups of BE teachers and their students. However, one variable for each group stood out: experienced and inexperienced teachers, and students enrolled in different language skills courses. There were similarities found between teachers’ perceptions and students’ perceptions of BE teachers.