Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are Women Held to Higher Standards? Evidence from Peer Review

Female authors are underrepresented in top economics journals. In this paper, I investigate whether higher writing standards contribute to the problem. I find: (i) female-authored papers are 1–6 percent better written than equivalent papers by men; (ii) the gap widens during peer review; (iii) women improve their writing as they publish more papers (but men do not); (iv) female-authored papers take longer under review. Using a subjective expected utility framework, I argue that higher writing standards for women are consistent with these stylised facts. A counterfactual analysis suggests senior female economists may, as a result, write at least five percent more clearly than they otherwise would. As a final exercise, I show tentative evidence that women adapt to biased treatment in ways that may disguise it as voluntary choice.
Electromagnetic Energy Coupling Path and Protection Method of UAV Datalink against Broad-Spectrum High-Power Microwave Radiation

To verify the adaptability of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) datalinks to the electromagnetic environment comprising broad-spectrum high-power microwave radiation, strong electromagnetic pulse (EMP) tests were conducted using ultra wideband (UWB) radiation source at different radiation field strengths and repetition frequencies. For UAV datalinks, interference, disturbance, degradation and other effects were found in the tests. The electromagnetic energy coupling path of the broad-spec-trum high-power microwave radiation was determined by adjusting the test status of UAV datalink as well as by protecting its key parts. The radio frequency front end, power cable and terminal interfaces on the housing surface were found to be weak electromagnetic links. The methods of the protection of radio frequency front end and power cable against strong EMPs were proposed. In addition, protection effects obtained by using different protection modules of radio frequency front end as well as by apply-ing power spike pulse suppressors were compared and validated.
Diabetic Patients' Perspective About New Technologies Used in Managing Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Diabetes technologies are hardware, devices, and software that are used by people with diabetes to manage their condition, from lifestyle interventions to the monitoring of blood glucose levels. The development of these technologies is advancing, but their use in Saudi Arabia is under-researched. Objectives: To appraise the awareness of using new technological options in managing patients with diabetes and to assess the patients' satisfaction while using them. Method: This was an e-questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. The targeted population of the study was patients with diabetes in Saudi Arabia. A total of 452 respondents participated in a survey in the period between 2020 and 2021. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and Chi-squared tests. Results: Some 69% of participants were aware of the new technologies used in managing diabetes. There were discrepancies between the awareness and the use of new technologies. Several causes of non-use were identified; the main cause was high cost, as reported by more than half of non-users (53.2%). Other causes included non-availability and difficulty of use. Mobile health applications had the highest use rate (13.5%) among new technologies; patients reported using them mostly for blood glucose monitoring, physical activity, and nutritional programs. Patients' satisfaction was higher for modern technologies than for conventional methods. Conclusion: The results indicate that awareness of the new technologies used in managing diabetes was higher than their use. Moreover, the use of modern technologies improved the satisfaction of patients.
1300 nm Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Compatible With an InP Monolithic Active/Passive Integration Technology

In monolithic photonic integrated circuits (PICs), an optimized active/passive integration is needed to provide efficient coupling and low amount of interface reflections between amplifiers and passive components. A 1300 nm semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) on InP substrate and optimized for butt-joint reflections is investigated. Material performance were assessed from measurements of broad area lasers. Room temperature operation reveals 1.2 W single facet output power with threshold current around 100 A/cm2 per well. Characteristic temperatures of T0 = 75 K and T1 = 294 K were obtained. A compact model description of the SOA, suitable for the design of PICs and rate equation analysis, was applied to parametrize the unsaturated gain measurements. Current injection efficiency of 0.65, transparency carrier density of 0.57 1018 cm−3, and free carrier absorption losses up to 15 cm−1 were extracted from fitting the data. The model is verified with measurements of optical gain saturation. A modal gain of 15 dB for a 600 μm long narrow ridge SOA leads to output saturation power higher than 30 mW at 7 kA/cm2. This building block contributes to the development of an InP monolithic integration technology in the 1300 nm range, which can enable the use of photonic integrated circuits in many kind of applications.
Coping with organizational crisis: buffering effects of organization sector prototypicality and employee organizational identification

We explored the interactive role of an organization's sector prototypicality (the extent to which the organization embodies the prototype of its market sector) and employees' identification with their organization in buffering crises' negative effects on perceived organizational performance. We propose (1) that highly prototypical organizations are perceived as more able to cope with organizational crisis, because of their capacity to reduce the threat associated with crisis, and (2) that this effect is augmented when employees more strongly identify with their organization, presumably because of a higher trust in the organization's capacity to efficiently cope with crisis. Findings from two studies confirmed the hypotheses, by manipulating (study 1) and measuring (study 2) organizational crisis and the organization's sector prototypicality, and by focusing on potential employees (study 1) and on employees of a company facing a financial crisis (study 2). Theoretical and applied implications of results are discussed.
Do School Feeding Programmes Reduce Child Labour? Evidence from Liberia

Abstract Though there is comprehensive literature on the effectiveness of school feeding in increasing school enrollment and school attendance, little is known about its potential effect on child labor. This paper takes advantage of the 2007 Core Welfare Questionnaire Indicator survey conducted between August and September 2007 in Liberia to assess the causal impact of the School Feeding Programme (SFP) on child labour. Using the propensity score-matching technique, we find that the SFP leads to a statistically significant decrease in child labour estimated at between 14 and 17%. This result is robust to the use of different matching techniques and the choice of covariates used in the estimation of the propensity score. In addition, the analysis reveals that the SFP is mainly effective in reducing child labour for male children, children living in war-displaced households, and children living in households in which the head is literate. Overall, the study shows that the detrimental effect of conflict on child labor can be mitigated by school feeding interventions.
The altering in sensory sensitivity: a current issue of female breast surgery

Breast surgery is an important treatment for women with malignant breast diseases. In addition to breast appearance, the integrity of breast function is increasing in patients with breast diseases. As the basis of breast physiological function, breast skin sensitivity is important to the quality of life of patients after surgery. Breast skin sensitivity gives the patient a “real” breast feeling. The sensory recovery after breast surgery has also become one of the important goals of breast surgery. In this review, we aim to discuss the research progress on recovery of breast skin sensitivity after different treatment modalities for breast disease.
Progressive Freeze Concentration Performance Prediction based on Polynomial Curve Model for Star Fruit Juice Concentration

Progressive freeze concentration (PFC) is a simpler freeze concentration process of removing water content in fruit juice through ice crystal formation in order to concentrate a solution. Vertical finned crystallizer (VFC) was used in the PFC system as the ice crystallizer in this study. A mathematical model is highly needed to be developed so that theories can be validated and to understand the system developed better with minimal risk and cost. Mathematical modelling is also essential to analyze the performance of the system. In this work, the use of mathematical model was explored based on a polynomial regression in analysing and predicting the performance of PFC system. The polynomials curve fitting were first performed to develop the models followed by the simulations to predict the target variables of effective partition constant (K value) and solute recovery (Y value). The relationship of operating parameters including coolant temperature and operation time on the PFC performance values were also discovered via the correlated polynomial regression models. Based on simulations result, the highest efficiencies of PFC process were achieved at approximately - coolant temperature of 10oC and operation time of 55 minutes. To validate the models’ accuracy, the statistical assessment parameters of R-squared and Absolute Average Relative Deviation (AARD) were determined. The findings of this study conferred satisfactory results of the prediction performance of polynomial regression model, in which the least analysis error of AARD (i.e., below 10%) and the highest R-squared (i.e., above 0.97) were successfully achieved. It is concluded that polynomials-based predictive models are promising alternatives to replace time-consuming and expensive experimental evaluation of PFC process for fruit juices.
The phylogeographical pattern of the Amur minnow Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in the Qinling Mountains

Abstract In this study, the phylogeographical pattern of the Amur minnow (Rhynchocypris lagowskii) widely distributed in the cold freshwaters of the Qinling Mountains was examined. A total of 464 specimens from 48 localities were sequenced at a 540‐bp region of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cytb) gene, and 69 haplotypes were obtained. The mean ratio of the number of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions per site (dN/dS) was 0.028 and indicated purifying selection. Haplotype diversity (h) and nucleotide diversity (π) of natural populations of R. lagowskii varied widely between distinct localities. Phylogenetic trees based on Bayesian inference (BI), maximum likelihood (ML), and maximum parsimony (MP) methods, and network analysis showed five well‐differentiated lineages, but these did not completely correspond to localities and geographic distribution. Meanwhile, analysis of molecular variances (AMOVA) indicated the highest proportion of genetic variation was attributed to the differentiation between populations rather than by our defined lineages. In addition, there was no significant correlation between the pairwise Fst values and geographic distance (p > .05). Based on the molecular clock calibration, the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) was estimated to have emerged from the Late Miocene to the Early Pleistocene. Finally, the results of demographic history based on the neutrality test, mismatch distribution, and Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) analyses showed that collectively, the populations were stable during the Pleistocene while one lineage (lineage E) probably underwent a slight contraction during the Middle Pleistocene and a rapid expansion from the Middle to the Late Pleistocene. Therefore, the study suggests the current phylogeographical pattern of R. lagowskii was likely shaped by geological events that led to vicariance followed by dispersal and secondary contact, river capture, and climatic oscillation during the Late Miocene to the Early Pleistocene in the Qinling Mountains.
Video-Aided Self-Reflection a Pedagogical Tool in Teaching Biology

Advancement and evolution of different kinds of gadgets, mobile phones, laptops and computers are highly appreciated by most of the students today. These become effective tools to enhance their motivation and active engagement inside the classroom. However, these also change the continuity of lesson because students confine themselves in using gadgets and playing mobile games at home. Decline in students’ performance becomes visible. In educational system where technology cannot be withdrawn, an intensive effort of a teacher to integrate it constructively can revamp technology as an effective tool for learning. With this explosive space of change and development, the researcher decided to check out the effectiveness of video as a tool for learning in a form of video-aided selfreflection in teaching Biology. The study used quasi-experimental research design. The participants of this study were 100 Grade 8 students from two different sections handled by the researcher in the School Year 2018-2019. A researcher- made pre-test was steered out to the controlled group and experimental group at the beginning of the fourth quarter. Controlled group used traditional means of self-reflection while the experimental group used video-aided self-reflection. At the end of the quarter the same test was administered to both controlled and experimental group. Mean, standard deviation and t-test were used as statistical tools to navigate the results of the study. Findings revealed that both groups showed differences in their score implying that they had different level of performance in Biology after the utilization of video-aided self-reflection. This revealed that the use of video-aided selfreflection was an effective pedagogical tool in teaching Biology.
Scholars' Mine Scholars' Mine Performance of Two Geosynthetics-Lined Landfills in the Performance of Two Geosynthetics-Lined Landfills in the Northridge Earthquake Northridge Earthquake

Analyses of the performance of the Chiquita Canyon and Lopez Canyon landfills in the 1994 Magnitude 6.7 Northridge earthquake illustrate deficiencies in the current state-of-practice for seismic design of geosynthetic liner systems and the promise of a new state-of-the-art method for performance-based design, and suggest necessary modifications to construction quality assurance procedures for geosynthetic liner systems. Analyses of the Chiquita Canyon landfill case history using the conventional state-of-practice Newmark Analysis approach fail to predict the tears observed at the landfill following the earthquake in the side slope liner geomembrane at two different locations. However, the state-of-the-art finite difference based method does predict failure of the geomembrane at these locations if strain concentrations due to seams and scratches in the geomembrane from patches at locations where destructive samples were recovered for construction quality assurance purposes are considered. The state-of-the-art method also predicts tension strains observed in the filter geotextile for the side slope liner at the Lopez Canyon landfill following the earthquake. The analysis for the Chiquita Canyon landfill suggests that construction quality assurance guidelines for obtaining geomembrane samples for destructive testing should be developed for avoiding critical areas where geomembrane tensile strain is likely to accumulate.
Influence of Drying Method on the Properties of Bacterial Cellulose Nonwovens – Review on the Textile and Fashion Application Potential

ABSTRACT Bacterial cellulose is a type of bio-cellulose material that has several application potentials in various industries including the textile and fashion industries. The most addressed benefits of higher water holding capacity and absorption capabilities are only in the wet stage. Extreme hydrophilic nature, bulky structure, and poor handling properties restrict the wet usage of bacterial cellulose within limited sectors like wound dressing. A dry state and long storage capacity without structural changes in the atmospheric condition are the essential requirements of textile material. Despite the highly sustainable nature, environment-friendly production methods, the poor structural and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose nonwoven at dry state limit their application in the textile and fashion sector. This review aims to analyze the various drying techniques researched to understand their influence on the structure, mechanical, moisture, handle and comfort properties of the dried bacterial cellulose. The results showed that out of several drying methods, freeze-dried and room temperature dried samples showed better retainment of the original structure of bacterial cellulose. The higher temperature drying methods developed a compact, non-porous, stiff, hydrophobic, and brittle structure. Though the lower temperature drying methods possessed good properties, their higher rehydration ability was found to be not suitable for textile application. This review also outlines the need for future research by considering textile-related properties like water vapor permeability, air permeability, and handle-related aspects.
Problems Encountered by BEEd Teachers and Students of Apayao State College in Using Modular Distance Learning Modality: Basis for Intervention

This study used a descriptive phenomenological approach to identify the problems encountered by teachers and students in implementing modular distance learning, as well as the possible solutions to the identified problems. The study was conducted among the teachers and students of Bachelor of Elementary Education Department (BEEd) of Apayao State College – Luna Campus. Four (4) BEEd program mainstay teachers and ten (10) BEEd students were approached to request their voluntary involvement as key participants to the study. The participants were chosen using convenience sampling and then interviewed individually via video conference to learn more about their experiences as a data-gathering tool. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach to find any patterns in the participants’ responses by transcribing, organizing, and coding. Findings revealed that teachers identified four (4) themes of problems related to the preparation of printed learning materials; management in the distribution of printed learning materials; retrieval of students’ activities and outputs; and checking of students’ activities and outputs. Students also identified two (2) themes of problems they had in using modular distance learning that is related to the submission of their activities and outputs, as well as their capability to learn independently. School administrators can use the findings of this study to develop interventions, programs, and activities to address issues in the implementation of the modular distance learning modality.
Hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian simulations of liquid jet atomization in swirling cross flow

Studies on liquid jet breakup and spray formation in swirling cross flows is of great significance to the combustors of gas turbine engines. In this study, hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian method is utilized for the modelling of liquid jet atomization, which combines the Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) scheme to capture the gas-liquid interface, and a Lagrangian droplet tracking method to resolve the secondary breakup and the dilute spray cloud. Adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) scheme is adopted to refine mesh points around the gas-liquid interface, to save the computational cost appreciably. The liquid jet of fuel (Kerosene) is injected radially outwards into the non-swirling and swirling air crossflow from the inner tube of the annular computational domain. The transient multi-mode breakup process of the fuel jet, such as shear break up, bag formation, ligament and droplet formation, has been analyzed. The effect of swirl on the penetration of the fuel jet is compared with the empirical models. The size distribution of droplets is statistically compared under different swirling conditions.
Associations between Family Functioning and Maternal Behavior on Default Mode Network Connectivity in School-Age Children

Background: Most early children’s experiences will occur in a family context; therefore, the quality of this environment is critical for development outcomes. Not many studies have assessed the correlations between brain functional connectivity (FC) in important areas such as the default mode network (DMN) and the quality of parent-child relationships in school-age children and early adolescence. The quality of family relationships and maternal behavior have been suggested to modulate DMN FC once they act as external regulators of children’s affect and behavior. Objective: We aimed to test the associations between the quality of family environment/maternal behavior and FC within the DMN of school-age children. Method: Resting-state, functional magnetic resonance imaging data, were collected from 615 children (6–12 age range) enrolled in the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort (HRC) study. We assessed DMN intra-connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and inferior parietal lobule (IPL-bilateral) regions. The family functioning was assessed by levels of family cohesiveness and conflict and by maternal behavior styles such as maternal responsiveness, maternal stimulus to the child’s autonomy, and maternal overprotection. The family environment was assessed with the Family Environment Scale (FES), and maternal behavior was assessed by the mother’s self-report. Results: We found that the quality of the family environment was correlated with intra-DMN FC. The more conflicting the family environment was, the greater the FC between the mPFC-left IPL (lIPL), while a more cohesive family functioning was negatively correlated with FC between the PCC-lIPL. On the other hand, when moderated by a positive maternal behavior, cohesive family functioning was associated with increased FC in both regions of the DMN (mPFC-lIPL and PCC-lIPL). Conclusions: Our results highlight that the quality of the family environment might be associated with differences in the intrinsic DMN FC.
CFD modelling of the off-gas system of HIsarna iron making process. Part 1: model development using detailed reaction mechanism for post-combustion of CO–H2 mixture and carbon particles

The HIsarna process is a new and breakthrough smelting reduction process for hot metal (liquid iron) production from iron ores and coal directly fed into the reactor. The flue gas from the main reactor enters the off-gas system containing small amounts of H2, CO and carbon particles which need to be removed before further treatment by post combustion oxygen injection. A three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of the HIsarna off-gas system is performed and validated using a detailed reaction mechanism and kinetic data for post-combustion of a CO–H2 mixture and carbon particles. Using the validated model, a series of simulations were performed to investigate the effect of water quenching and post combustion oxygen injection. It was found that water quenching can significantly reduce the off-gas temperature. It is also possible to reduce oxygen injection during operations where inlet CO content of the off-gas system is low.