Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combination Therapy Comprising Paclitaxel and 5-Fluorouracil by Using Folic Acid Functionalized Bovine Milk Exosomes Improves the Therapeutic Efficacy against Breast Cancer

Paclitaxel (PAC) has been approved by FDA for clinical use (Taxol®), yet dose-dependent severe toxicity due to the adjuvant Cremophor EL® in combination with ethanol is a major drawback. The drawbacks of the current therapy can be overcome by (i) finding a suitable vehicle that cannot only bypass the above adjuvant but also be used to deliver drugs orally and (ii) combining the PAC with some other chemotherapeutics to have the enhanced therapeutic efficacy. In the current work, we have used folic acid (FA) functionalized bovine milk-derived exosomes for oral delivery of PAC in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Exosomes before and after the drug loading were found to have a particle size in the range of 80–100 nm, polydispersity index (PDI ~0.20), zeta potential (~−25 mV), entrapment efficiency (~82%), practical drug loading (~28%) and sustained drug release for 48 h. Significant decreases in IC50 were observed in the case of exosomes loaded drugs which further improved following the FA functionalization. FA functionalized coumarin-6-loaded exosomes showed remarkably higher cellular uptake in comparison with free coumarin-6. Moreover, FA-functionalized drug-loaded exosomes showed a higher apoptotic index with better control over cell migration. Collectively, data suggested the enhanced efficacy of the combination following its loading to the folic acid functionalized exosomes against breast cancer.
Descent Construction for GSpin Groups

In this paper we provide an extension of the theory of descent of Ginzburg-Rallis- Soudry to the context of essentially self-dual representations, that is representations which are isomorphic to the twist of their own contragredient by some Hecke character. Our theory supplements the recent work of Asgari-Shahidi on the functorial lift from (split and quasisplit forms of) GSpin(2n) to GL(2n).
STREPTOCOCCUS SPP. AS ETIOLOGICAL AGENT OF SUBCLINICAL AND CLINICAL MASTITIS OF DAIRY COWS IN REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA

The aim of this study was to determine the species composition of streptococci causing subclinical, and clinical mastitis in dairy cows, their prevalence and antimicrobial drug sensitivity with respect to appropriate therapy. The study subject was the involvement and prevalence of bacteria from the genus Streptococcus in the etiology of subclinical, and clinical mastitis in dairy cows. The survey was conducted in eight cattle farms from different regions in Bulgaria in 2020 and 2021. After clinical examination and rapid mastitis test, a total of 239 cows were diagnosed with udder inflammation - 34 (14.2%) with clinical signs and 205 (85.8%) with subclinical mastitis. Laboratory analyses were performed on 346 samples. Two hundred and seventy two bacterial strains were isolated, and 151 (55.5%) were determined to belong to Streptococcus spp. Lancefield grouping and species identification of haemolytic variants was done. It was found out that in subclinical forms of mastitis, 54.5% of isolates belonged to Streptococcus spp. , respectively 63.3 % of isolates in clinical forms of mastitis also belonged to Streptococcus spp. Out of them, 38.6% were S. uberis, 35.6% were identified as S. agalactiae and 25.8% − as S. dysgalactiae. In vitro tests of the sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs from various groups and classes were conducted with all field isolates. The tests demonstrated a relatively well-preserved sensitivity to antimicrobial agents with the exception of tetracycline
Comparison of property price development in regions affected by mining with other regions of the CR

The property market has experienced a sharp increase in prices recently, which indicates a different nature of the Covid 19 downturn of the economy compared with usual economic crises. This paper identifies key features of the property market which may help understand why the property market performs differently from other markets. A number of factors play an important role in shaping real estate prices, some of which can and cannot be influenced. The quality of the environment is often one of the main important factors, which is also presented by air pollution values. Apart from transport, waste incineration and thermal power plants, the most common causes of air pollution include the mining industry's activities. We aim to explain why property prices do not converge across regions, but prices in expensive regions experience an even stronger price dynamics, a recent phenomenon. We argue that the price dynamics have been predominantly demand-driven in a market with an unelastic and lacking supply of new properties. The real estate market was also significantly affected by the monetary and fiscal policies of individual states. It has been found that money, which has been invested on a large scale in all sectors of the economy in order to limit the negative effects of pandemic measures, has often found its way to investing in assets of all kinds. As a result, real estate prices are rising sharply, especially in richer areas with minimal unemployment. This article aims to offer a deeper insight into the relationship between flats/house prices and variables that proved to be significantly correlated to prices in regional decomposition. Finally, we suggest ways for sustainable future development of the property market.
Personal and motivational determinants of piano student performance in the context of self-determination theory

The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of personality traits and different types of motivation to explaining individual differences in piano student performance and satisfaction of basic psychological needs in an academic context. The research was conducted in 2017 on a sample of piano students (N = 92) attending four music academies (Music Academy in Zagreb, Arts Academy in Split, Music Academy in Osijek, and Music Academy in Pula), making up about 90% of the whole piano-student population in Croatia. Self-assessment instruments were used to examine five personality traits from the Big Five Model, types of motivation according to the continuum of self-determination, the satisfaction of three psychological needs according to the self-determination theory in the context of music academies, and three categories of performance – piano success in the academic year, piano competition achievements, and public performances. The results showed that personality traits and motivational determinants could not predict piano success at the academy. Still, conscientiousness and emotional stability do play a significant role in public performances and piano competitions. Identified motivation proved to be important for these criteria as well. The relationship between psychological needs, motivation, and personality traits pointed to the significant role of the intellect, agreeableness, and intrinsic motivation, which proved to be important for satisfying the needs for relatedness and autonomy.
Microbiota and Oral Cancer as A Complex and Dynamic Microenvironment: A Narrative Review from Etiology to Prognosis

A complex balanced equilibrium of the bacterial ecosystems exists in the oral cavity that can be altered by tobacco smoking, psychological stressors, bad dietary habit, and chronic periodontitis. Oral dysbiosis can promote the onset and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) through the release of toxins and bacterial metabolites, stimulating local and systemic inflammation, and altering the host immune response. During the process of carcinogenesis, the composition of the bacterial community changes qualitatively and quantitatively. Bacterial profiles are characterized by targeted sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene in tissue and saliva samples in patients with OSCC. Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Prevotella melaninogenica, Streptococcus mitis, Fusobacterium periodonticum, Prevotella tannerae, and Prevotella intermedia are the significantly increased bacteria in salivary samples. These have a potential diagnostic application to predict oral cancer through noninvasive salivary screenings. Oral lactic acid bacteria, which are commonly used as probiotic therapy against various disorders, are valuable adjuvants to improve the response to OSCC therapy.
Pentraxin 3 and Shigella LPS and IpaB Antibodies Interplay to Defeat Shigellosis

Shigella causes moderate to severe diarrhea or dysentery after invading the colon mucosa. Long Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is recognized as the humoral component of the innate immune response to bacterial pathogens. We examined the interplay between levels of PTX3 and levels of anti-Shigella lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and anti-Shigella type 3 secretion system protein-IpaB antibodies in children during acute shigellosis and after recovery. PTX3 concentrations in serum and stool extracts were determined by sandwich ELISA using commercial anti-PTX3 antibodies. Serum IgG, IgM, and IgA anti-S. sonnei LPS or anti-S. sonnei IpaB were measured using in house ELISA. Children with acute shigellosis (n = 60) had elevated PTX3 levels in serum and stools as compared with recovered subjects (9.6 ng/mL versus 4.7 ng/mL, p < 0.009 in serum and 16.3 ng/g versus 1.1 ng/g in stool, p = 0.011). Very low levels of PTX3 were detected in stools of healthy children (0.3 ng/g). Increased serum levels of PTX3 correlated with high fever accompanied by bloody or numerous diarrheal stools characteristic of more severe shigellosis while short pentraxin; C-Reactive Protein (CRP) did not show such a correlation. PTX3 decreased in convalescence while anti-Shigella antibodies increased, switching the response from innate to adaptive toward the eradication of the invasive organism. These data can inform the development of Shigella vaccines and treatment options.
Growth Performance, Histological Changes and Functional Tests of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Supplemented with Tribulus Terrestris Powder

Simple Summary Tribulus Terrestris (TT) is extremely rich in substances with potential biological activity and is therefore considered to be a promising ingredient in industrial medicinal preparations based on its saponin fraction. On the other hand, studies regarding broiler chickens are limited. However, the aim of this study was to verify the safe amount of TT powder that can be used as a medicinal plant in the diet of broiler chickens by determining the growth performance and histological changes and functional tests of some target organs. In conclusion, 0.75 g/kg TT is the best dosage for the health of broiler chickens. There is a need for low dose studies to identify the mechanism of the pharmacological effect of TT on broilers. Abstract The current experiment aimed to investigate the effects of TT powder on performance parameters and functional tests, as well as on morphological and histological changes in the liver, kidney and ileum in broiler chickens. Commercial broilers (total = 168 females) were used, equally divided into three dietary treatments (C = 0.0, T1 = 0.75, and T2 = 1.5 g/kg diet). The growth performance (1–35 days of age), absolute and relative weight, liver and kidney functional tests, intestinal morphology (14 and 35 days of age), and histomorphology of the ileum (35 days of age) were evaluated. At 35 days of age, histopathological changes in the ileum, liver, and kidney were also examined. The results showed that the growth performance and absolute and relative weights of the liver and kidney had no negative effects when dietary supplementation with TT powder was given at 0.75 g/kg diet (T1), whereas a decrease was observed at T2 (p < 0.05). Liver and kidney functional tests showed no significant effects in all feed treatments (14 days), while T1 showed lower (p < 0.05) ALT and AST levels (35 days). T1 exhibited higher weights, lengths, and weight-to-length ratios of the small intestine, and relative lengths of the duodenum (p < 0.05). Histomorphometric measurements of the ileum were higher (p < 0.05) in chickens fed the 0.75 g TT/kg diet, and except for in the goblet cell count and epithelial thickness, there were no differences between treatments (p > 0.05). In T1, hepatocytes were more normal but hepatic sinusoids were dilated, whereas in T2, lymphocytes had infiltrated around the central vein and lining endothelial cells had been lost. The kidney was improved in T1 and T2 compared with the control group. Ileal villi were shorter in T2, and some villi fused with enterocyte necrosis and inflammatory cells accumulated in the lumen. We concluded that TT powder (0.75 g/kg feed) has a safe effect and is healthy for broilers.
Differential DNA Methylation of Growth Factors in Antlers of Sika Deer and Reindeer

Reindeer is the only deer species in both sexes grow antlers. Many apparent differences exist in antlers of female and male reindeer and sika deer. Insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF1), Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) are essential for antler growth. To investigate whether epigenetic regulation of the growth factors is important in growth of sika deer, female and male reindeer antlers, methylation status were evaluated using bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). The 5´ flanking regions of IGF1 , KGF and NGF were cloned from reindeer and sika deer antlers, and the lengths were 2089bp/2107bp, 1474bp/1474bp and 865bp/865bp, respectively. Based on bioinformatics analysis, the regions of IGF1 (-50bp ~ +615bp), KGF (-285bp ~ +207bp) and NGF (-388bp ~ +109bp) were selected for studying the methylation status. The antler mesenchyme of male reindeer was the only methylation sample in IGF1 (2.23 ± 0.92%), significantly higher in methylation level than that of female reindeer and sika deer (0.01< P <0.05). Methylation levels of KGF in antler mesenchyme were highly significantly higher in male reindeer and sika deer (45.53 ± 3.87% and 42.20 ± 1.91%, respectively), compared to female reindeer (0.00 ± 0.00%, P <0.01). Methylation level of NGF in antler mesenchyme was highly significantly higher in female reindeer (33.90 ± 3.57%), compared to male reindeer and sika deer (17.20 ± 3.57% and 21.57 ± 1.21%, respectively. P <0.01). We concluded that different methylation patterns of IGF1 , KGF and NGF existed among antler mesenchyme of sika deer, female and male reindeer, and KGF might be an important candidate for regulating the unique growth of female reindeer antler.
The relationship between childbirth self-efficacy and coping styles of problem based and emotive based in nulliparous pregnant women

BACKGROUND: Vaginal childbirth is the most stressful physical and mental event for most women, which necessitates the use of coping styles. Furthermore, childbirth self-efficacy will be one of the effective factors to cope with this stressful situation and doing compatible behaviors with childbirth pain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between childbirth self-efficacy and coping styles of problem based and emotive based in nulliparous pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a descriptive-correlational study that is done over 323 nulliparous pregnant women attending the health centers in the city of Zahedan in 2020–2021. Data were collected by participants' demographic questionnaire, childbirth self-efficacy questionnaire of Lowe, and coping styles questionnaire of Folkman and Lazarus. The data were analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficient test, linear regressions model, and multiple regression in SPSS software version 22. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Results of Spearman's correlation coefficient test showed a significant direct correlation between problem-based coping style and childbirth self-efficacy (P = 0/017, r = 0.13); but, there was no significant direct correlation with emotive-based coping style (P = 0/782, r = 0.01). According to the linear regressions model, just the problem-based coping style is predicted childbirth self-efficacy (P = 0/006). CONCLUSIONS: According to the findings, nulliparous pregnant women should be responsible, have a positive reassessment of vaginal childbirth, plan to solve their problems, and look for social support (all of these are part of a problem-based coping style) to increase and improve their childbirth self-efficacy. Furthermore, designing appropriate educational interventions based on problem-based coping style is necessary.
Reliability of forces during variations of plyometric exercises

Thirteen college students performed a drop jump from height equal to their peak vertical jump, single leg jumps from the left and right legs, and a counter movement jump. Vertical ground reaction force (GRF) obtained via an AMTI force plate and video analysis of markers placed on the hip, knee, lateral malleolus, and fifth metatarsal were used to estimate reaction forces on the knee joint. One-way Repeated Measures ANOVA indicated no differences for knee joint reaction forces relative to body weight or peak GRF for any of the jumps (p > 0.05). Average measures Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ranged from r = 0.90 to 0.97. Results indicate that peak GRF and knee joint reaction forces during the drop jump, counter movement jump, and single leg left and right leg jumps are reliable measures.
Accounting for Additional Heterogeneity: A Theoretic Extension of an Extant Economic Model

ACCOUNTING FOR ADDITIONAL HETEROGENEITY: A THEORETIC EXTENSION OF AN EXTANT ECONOMIC MODEL Bradley J. Barney Department of Statistics Master of Science The assumption in economics of a representative agent is often made. However, it is a very rigid assumption. Hall and Jones (2004b) presented an economic model that essentially provided for a representative agent for each age group in determining the group’s health level function. Our work seeks to extend their theoretical version of the model by allowing for two representative agents for each age—one for each of “Healthy” and “Sick” risk-factor groups—to allow for additional heterogeneity in the populace. The approach to include even more risk-factor groups is also briefly discussed. While our “extended” theoretical model is not applied directly to relevant data, several techniques that could be applicable were the relevant data to be obtained are demonstrated on other data sets. This includes examples of using linear classification, fitting baseline-category logit models, and running the genetic
Topics in Algebraic Geometry and Geometric Modeling

The Gelfond-Khovanskii residue formula computes the sum of the values of any Laurent polynomial over solutions of a system of Laurent polynomial equations whose Newton polytopes have sufficiently general relative position. We discuss two important consequences of this result: an explicit elimination algorithm for such systems and a new formula for the mixed volume. The integer coefficients that appear in the Gelfond-Khovanskii residue formula are geometric invariants that depend only on combinatorics of the polytopes. We explain how to compute them explicitly.
LEO P: AN UNQUENCHED VERY LOW-MASS GALAXY

Leo P is a low-luminosity dwarf galaxy discovered through the blind H i Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA survey. The H i and follow-up optical observations have shown that Leo P is a gas-rich dwarf galaxy with active star formation, an underlying older population, and an extremely low oxygen abundance. We have obtained optical imaging with the Hubble Space Telescope to two magnitudes below the red clump in order to study the evolution of Leo P. We refine the distance measurement to Leo P to be 1.62 ± 0.15 Mpc, based on the luminosity of the horizontal branch stars and 10 newly identified RR Lyrae candidates. This places the galaxy at the edge of the Local Group, ∼0.4 Mpc from Sextans B, the nearest galaxy in the NGC 3109 association of dwarf galaxies of which Leo P is clearly a member. The star responsible for ionizing the H ii region is most likely an O7V or O8V spectral type, with a stellar mass ≳25 M ⊙. The presence of this star provides observational evidence that massive stars at the upper end of the initial mass function are capable of being formed at star formation rates as low as ∼10−5 M ⊙ yr−1. The best-fitting star formation history (SFH) derived from the resolved stellar populations of Leo P using the latest PARSEC models shows a relatively constant star formation rate over the lifetime of the galaxy. The modeled luminosity characteristics of Leo P at early times are consistent with low-luminosity dSph Milky Way satellites, suggesting that Leo P is what a low-mass dSph would look like if it evolved in isolation and retained its gas. Despite the very low mass of Leo P, the imprint of reionization on its SFH is subtle at best, and consistent with being totally negligible. The isolation of Leo P, and the total quenching of star formation of Milky Way satellites of similar mass, implies that the local environment dominates the quenching of the Milky Way satellites.
Can You Hear What’s Coming? Failure to Replicate ERP Evidence for Phonological Prediction

Abstract Prediction-based theories of language comprehension assume that listeners predict both the meaning and phonological form of likely upcoming words. In alleged event-related potential (ERP) demonstrations of phonological prediction, prediction-mismatching words elicit a phonological mismatch negativity (PMN), a frontocentral negativity that precedes the centroparietal N400 component. However, classification and replicability of the PMN has proven controversial, with ongoing debate on whether the PMN is a distinct component or merely an early part of the N400. In this electroencephalography (EEG) study, we therefore attempted to replicate the PMN effect and its separability from the N400, using a participant sample size (N = 48) that was more than double that of previous studies. Participants listened to sentences containing either a predictable word or an unpredictable word with/without phonological overlap with the predictable word. Preregistered analyses revealed a widely distributed negative-going ERP in response to unpredictable words in both the early (150–250 ms) and the N400 (300–500 ms) time windows. Bayes factor analysis yielded moderate evidence against a different scalp distribution of the effects in the two time windows. Although our findings do not speak against phonological prediction during sentence comprehension, they do speak against the PMN effect specifically as a marker of phonological prediction mismatch. Instead of an PMN effect, our results demonstrate the early onset of the auditory N400 effect associated with unpredictable words. Our failure to replicate further highlights the risk associated with commonly employed data-contingent analyses (e.g., analyses involving time windows or electrodes that were selected based on visual inspection) and small sample sizes in the cognitive neuroscience of language.
Dark matter velocity dispersion effects on CMB and matter power spectra

Effects of velocity dispersion of dark matter particles on the CMB TT power spectrum and on the matter linear power spectrum are investigated using a modified CAMB code. Cold dark matter originated from thermal equilibrium processes does not produce appreciable effects but this is not the case if particles have a non-thermal origin. A cut-off in the matter power spectrum at small scales, similar to that produced by warm dark matter or that produced in the late forming dark matter scenario, appears as a consequence of velocity dispersion effects, which act as a pressure perturbation.