Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deontology and Utilitarianism in Real Life: A Set of Moral Dilemmas Based on Historic Events

Moral dilemmas are frequently used to examine psychological processes that drive decisions between adhering to deontological norms and optimizing the outcome. However, commonly used dilemmas are generally unrealistic and confound moral principle and (in)action so that results obtained with these dilemmas might not generalize to other situations. In the present research, we introduce new dilemmas that are based on real-life events. In two studies (a European student sample and a North American MTurk sample, total N = 789), we show that the new factual dilemmas were perceived to be more realistic and less absurd than commonly used dilemmas. In addition, factual dilemmas induced higher participant engagement. From this, we draw the preliminary conclusion that factual dilemmas are more suitable for investigating moral cognition. Moreover, factual dilemmas can be used to examine the generalizability of previous results concerning action (vs. inaction) and concerning a wider range of deontological norms.
Resynthesis of Transmasculine Voices to Assess Gender Perception as a Function of Testosterone Therapy.

PURPOSE The goal of this study was to use speech resynthesis to investigate the effects of changes to individual acoustic features on speech-based gender perception of transmasculine voice samples following the onset of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with exogenous testosterone. We hypothesized that mean fundamental frequency (f o) would have the largest effect on gender perception of any single acoustic feature. METHOD Mean f o, f o contour, and formant frequencies were calculated for three pairs of transmasculine speech samples before and after HRT onset. Sixteen speech samples with unique combinations of these acoustic features from each pair of speech samples were resynthesized. Twenty young adult listeners evaluated each synthesized speech sample for gender perception and synthetic quality. Two analyses of variance were used to investigate the effects of acoustic features on gender perception and synthetic quality. RESULTS Of the three acoustic features, mean f o was the only single feature that had a statistically significant effect on gender perception. Differences between the speech samples before and after HRT onset that were not captured by changes in f o and formant frequencies also had a statistically significant effect on gender perception. CONCLUSION In these transmasculine voice samples, mean f o was the most important acoustic feature for voice masculinization as a result of HRT; future investigations in a larger number of transmasculine speakers and on the effects of behavioral therapy-based changes in concert with HRT is warranted.
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in a patient receiving chemotherapy for advanced prostatic cancer: a case report

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in advanced prostatic cancer patients not receiving high-dose glucocorticoids has been reported rarely. A 73-year-old man underwent chemotherapy with cisplatin and docetaxel for advanced prostatic cancer. After nine cycles of chemotherapy, he developed a high fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, and severe fatigue, with rapid-onset hypoxic respiratory failure. Investigations demonstrated bilateral ground-glass opacities with positive bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for Pneumocystis jirovecii by next-generation sequencings (NGS). The patient recovered well with treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, caspofungin, and corticosteroids. This case report describes a case of PJP in a patient with a solid tumor who did not receive high-dose glucocorticoids and emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
Very Low Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs

A wire stripper formed of an elongated housing having a notched section which divides the housing into a forward head portion and a rearward body portion. A fixed blade is securely retained in the head portion and extends into the notched section. A hollow chamber formed in the body portion includes a leaf spring having a movable blade supported at its forward end and also extending into the notched section in opposition to the fixed blade. Together, the blades cooperatively define a wire receiving and stripping throat. An actuating lever extends through an elongated opening in the housing and into engagement with the leaf spring to move the leaf spring between a forward and rearward position whereby the movable blade can be spaced from the fixed blade to thereby receive the wire and can then be forwardly biased against the fixed blade to thereby cut and strip the wire.
A ‘waste product’ to save the day in the field of transplantation: The evolving potential of extracellular vesicles

Graft rejection and graft‐versus‐host disease constitute the leading causes of morbidity and early mortality after solid organ and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, respectively. Despite the current advances in immunotherapy, their incidence remains significant, underlying the need for new therapies to be developed. Extracellular vesicles (EV), and particularly small EV (sEV), have emerged as significant mediators of intercellular communication and immune modulation. Depending on the parental cell, they may exert potent immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive functions, attracting a major interest in field of transplantation. An increasing number of publications, studying their role in graft dysfunction pathophysiology, early detection of graft failure and in prevention and/or therapy of graft rejection, have emerged in recent years with enthusiastic results. In this review, we discuss the role and various applications of sEV in the transplant setting and present their huge potential for clinical translation.
Factors Associated with Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC) use in Postpartum Women at Srinagarind Hospital

Objectives: To determine the associated factors those predict the use of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) among postpartum women at Srinagarind Hospital. Materials and Methods: A cohort study of postpartum women was conducted at Srinagarind Hospital from May to October 2016. LARC methods were defined as progestogen-only injectable contraceptives, intrauterine devices, and contraceptive implants. The participants were interviewed during admission to the postpartum ward in order to ascertain baseline information, as well as information regarding their intention to use or not to use LARC. The participants were interviewed again after their six week postpartum visit about the contraceptive method they actually used. Data of participants who did not appear for their six-week postpartum visit were obtained by telephone interview within 6-12 weeks after delivery. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the factors associated with LARC use. Results: The mean age of the participants was 28.4 ± 5.7 years. One hundred twenty-six out of a total of 312 participants (40.4%) reported using LARC. The methods of LARC used were depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) (82.5%) and contraceptive implants (17.5%). Participants who were more likely to use LARC included those who had expressed their intention to use LARC during the first interview, current students, and women whose medical expenses were covered by universal coverage scheme. Conclusion: Rate of LARC use in this study was approximately 40%. The most common method of LARC used was DMPA. Significant independent factors affecting the use of LARC were participants’ intentions, occupation, and type of health care coverage.
Validation of polymerase chain reaction assay as an alternative method for detection of chicken anemia virus as a vaccine contaminant.

Freedom of veterinary vaccines from extraneous virus contamination is one of the most important requirements for vaccine before release. Testing of vaccines for detection of extraneous virus contamination is currently achieved in the Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics (CLEVB) by conventional in - vitro and / or in - vivo assays as tissue culture inoculation and chicken inoculation, which are time consuming and laborious. In this study, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used as an alternative technique – for detection of chicken anemia virus (CAV) contamination in avian live viral vaccines. Specificity of the assay was verified by detection of CAV specific product only in templates extracted from CAV preparations, but not detected in templates of various avian viruses including Newcastle dis-ease virus (NDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), avian Reovirus (ARV), fowl pox virus (FPV), avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV) and Marek´s disease virus (MDV). Assay sensitivity was evaluated by testing serial 10- fold dilutions of CAV stock, and the determined detection limit was high enough to detect 40 TCID50 of CAV per reaction. Another set of CAV dilutions were prepared in three different types of avian live vaccines, namely NDV, ARV , and FPV vaccines( the vaccine matrix was used as diluents), and PCR was performed to study the effect of vaccine matrix on reaction sensitivity as well as to verify the assay efficacy in detection and recovery of CAV in contaminated vaccines. Results indicated that PCR sensitivity was not affected by the presence of NDV, or ARV matrices. However, the assay sensitivity was decreased by one log in case of Fowlpox vaccine matrix. This PCR assay could be used as an alternative technique to the time- consuming, tedious, in vivo and in vitro assays, and application of this technique can facilitate the routine testing of vaccines for detection of CAV as an extraneous virus contaminant.
Fatty acid binding protein in heart and skeletal muscles of the migratory barnacle goose throughout development

Fatty acid binding protein in heart and skeletal muscles of the migratory barnacle goose throughout development. Am. J. Physiol. 276 ( Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 45): R637–R643, 1999. —The long-distance migratory ﬂights of birds are predominantly fueled by the oxidation of fatty acids, which are sourced primarily from extracellular adipose stores. These fatty acids have to be transported, via the circulatory system, to the mitochondria of the active muscles. An important facilitator of fatty acid transport within the cytoplasm of muscle cells is fatty acid binding protein (FABP), which serves as an intracellular carrier of long-chain fatty acids. In mammals, the muscular FABP content is related to the fatty acid oxidation capacity of the tissue. The aim of this study was to measure FABP in samples taken from the cardiac, pectoralis, and semimembranosus muscles of a long-distance avian migrant, the barnacle goose ( Branta leucopsis ), at various stages of development. Western blot analysis identiﬁed a single goose muscle protein of 15 kDa that was able to bind fatty acids and showed a 66% cross-reactivity with antibodies against human heart-type FABP. Captive goslings showed no signiﬁcant changes in FABP content of either the heart (62.6 6 10.6 µg/g wet wt) or the semimembranosus muscle (8.4 6 1.9 µg/g wet wt) during development. However, in both peripheral and deep sites within the pectoralis muscle, FABP content of samples taken from captive goslings were , 10-fold higher throughout development and reached values of 30–40 µg/g wet wt in ﬂedging goslings at 7 wk of age. A further twofold higher value was seen in wild but not in captive goslings immediately before migration (12 wk of age). Similarly, FABP content was signiﬁcantly higher in pectoralis samples taken from wild adults (94.3 6 3.6 µg/g wet wt) compared with those from captive adults (60.5 6 3.6 µg/g wet wt). These results suggest that the experience of ﬂight activity may be of critical importance in achieving maximal expression of FABP in the pectoralis muscles of postﬂedging and mature geese immediately before migration.
Sustainable supply chain management in Indian organisations: an empirical investigation

The present work is an attempt to investigate the adoption of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) practices amongst manufacturing and process based organisations in India and its impact on organisational performance encompassing all three dimensions of sustainability. SSCM practices conceived in the present study include environmental management practices (EMP), socially inclusive practices for employees (SPE), socially inclusive practices for community (SPC), operations practices (OP) and supply chain integration (SCI) which were treated as exogenous variables. Organisational performance considered in this study includes five dimensions, namely environmental performance (EPR), employee-centred social performance (ESP), community-centred social performance (CSP), operations performance (OPR) and competitiveness, which were regarded as endogenous variables. The analysis was carried out with the help of structural equation modelling considering natural logarithm of manpower as a control variable. Few major findings are mentioned. EMP does not have any significant association with OPR, nor does it result in competitiveness. However, when jointly mediated through both EPR and OPR, EMP leads to competitiveness. SPC has significant negative association with competitiveness, when only direct relationship is considered. However, indirect relationship between SPC and competitiveness shows significant positive association when mediated through CSP. The resultant total effect between SPC and competitiveness turns out to be insignificant. Further, OPR fully mediates the relationship between OP and competitiveness. Managerial implications of the findings are discussed.
Chromogranin A Dependent upon Interaction with Biogenesis in Mast Cells in a Manner Secretogranin III Directs Secretory Vesicle

Mast cells are granular immunocytes that reside in the body’s barrier tissues. These cells orchestrate inﬂammatory responses. Proinﬂammatory mediators are stored in granular structures within the mast cell cytosol. Control of mast cell granule exocytosis is a major therapeutic goal for allergic and inﬂammatory diseases. However, the proteins that control granule biogenesis and abundance in mast cells have not been elucidated. In neuroendocrine cells, whose dense core granules are strikingly similar to mast cell granules, granin proteins regulate granulogenesis. Our studies suggest that the Secretogranin III (SgIII) protein is involved in secretory granule biogenesis in mast cells. SgIII is abundant in mast cells, and is organized into vesicular structures. Our results show that over-expression of SgIII in mast cells is sufﬁcient to cause an expansion of a granular compartment in these cells. These novel granules store inﬂammatory mediators that are released in response to physiological stimuli, indicating that they function as bona ﬁde secretory vesicles. In mast cells, as in neuroendocrine cells, we show that SgIII is complexed with Chromogranin A (CgA). CgA is granulogenic when complexed with SgIII. Our data show that a novel non-granulogenic truncation mutant of SgIII (1–210) lacks the ability to interact with CgA. Thus, in mast cells, a CgA-SgIII complex may play a key role in secretory granule biogenesis. SgIII function in mast cells is unlikely to be limited to its partnership with CgA, as our interaction trap analysis suggests that SgIII has multiple binding partners, including the mast cell ion channel TRPA1. The Journal of Immunology, 2008, 181: 5024–5034.
Biochemical and Molecular Actions of Nutrients Oral Leucine Administration Stimulates Protein Synthesis in Rat Skeletal Muscle 1

Oral administration of a single bolus of leucine in an amount equivalent to the daily intake (1.35 g/kg body wt) enhances skeletal muscle protein synthesis in food-deprived rats. To elucidate whether smaller amounts of leucine can also stimulate protein synthesis, rats were administered the amino acid at concentrations ranging from 0.068 to 1.35 g/kg body wt by oral gavage. Thirty minutes following the administration of doses of leucine as low as 0.135 g/kg body wt, skeletal muscle protein synthesis was signiﬁcantly greater than control values. The increase in protein synthesis was associated with changes in the regulation of biomarkers of mRNA translation initiation as evidenced by upregulated phosphorylation of the translational repressor, eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), the association of eIF4G with the mRNA cap binding protein eIF4E, and the phosphorylation of the 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase. Alterations in the phosphorylation of eIF4G, as well as the association of 4E-BP1 with eIF4E, were observed following leucine administration; however, these changes appeared to be biphasic with maximal changes occurring when circulating insulin concentrations were elevated. Thus it appears that leucine administration affects mRNA translation and skeletal muscle protein synthesis through modulation of multiple biomarkers of mRNA translation. The ability of small doses of leucine to stimulate skeletal muscle protein synthesis suggests that future research on the regulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis by orally administered leucine will be feasible in humans. J. Nutr. 2005. mol/L NaCl at a volume of 2.5 mL/100 g body wt. This volume of saline is equivalent to the volume of leucine suspension administered to rats in the 100% leucine group and was chosen to control for any possible volume-induced effects of oral gavage, i.e., gastric expansion-induced signaling. There were fewer rats in the 25 and 50% groups because this study represents 2 separate experiments, wherein the ﬁrst experiment did not include these groups. Administration of metabolic tracer and sample collection.
Analyzing the localness of OSM data

addressed. This abstract was accepted to the Academic Track of the State of the Map 2020 Online Conference after peer-review. A regularly reproduced mantra of the debate on Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) can be summarized by the term “localness”: it emphasizes the actual or at least the desired local production of geographical information. It is assumed that many “ordinary” people “on the ground” can now generate knowledge about their everyday environment through new tools in Web 2.0. This postulated “local expertise” operates as a claim to truth of VGI. In contrast to “conventional” geographical data, whose truth claim is more likely to be based on professional and technical expertise, VGI is often legitimized by its authenticity due to its “localness” [1, work a global
Three‐dimensional radio images of winter lightning in japan and characteristics of associated charge structure

We conducted lightning observational campaigns using a three‐dimensional (3D) lightning mapper called the Broadband Observation network for Lightning and Thunderstorms (BOLT) and C‐band radar to further understand the distinct characteristics of winter lightning in the coastal area of the Sea of Japan. We succeeded in locating 3D intracloud (IC) flashes, cloud‐to‐ground (CG) flashes, and upward lightning during winter. The basic characteristics of winter lightning, such as leader speeds and charge structure associated with an IC discharge, are similar to summer lightning. A noticeable difference between the winter lightning and the summer lightning is that the altitudes of the source locations associated with winter lightning are substantially lower than those associated with summer lightning. We performed a statistical comparison of winter and summer lightning. This comparison shows that the BOLT source altitude distributions during winter and summer peak at 2.1 and 7.5 km, respectively. Conversely, the distributions of the BOLT temperatures, which are the temperatures corresponding to the BOLT source altitudes, during both winter and summer show similar trends and have large values near −10 °C. These results indicate that a similar charge separation process, likely a noninductive charging mechanism, primarily contributes to thunderstorm electrification during both winter and summer. We show that the horizontal extent of the winter flashes is substantially larger than that of the summer flashes. This result implies that the charge regions in winter thunderstorms cover a wide area and, therefore, produce CG flashes with large charge transfers. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
LOMARC: Look ahead matchmaking for multi-resource coscheduling

Hyper-Threading (HT) provides a new possibility for job coscheduling without context switch and without the cost for coordinating processes of one parallel job. However, HT achieves high processor throughput at the expense of reducing the performance of the individual process. Since the hardware resources are actually shared between two coscheduled jobs, the resource contention will harm the performance of each job. Most scheduling approaches only focus on the CPU without considering the impact on other resources. In this thesis we present LOMARC, a space-time sharing approach that takes multiple resources, including CPU, I/O, memory and network, into consideration for job coscheduling on HT processors. To improve resource utilization and reduce job response times, LOMARC matches two jobs with complementary resource requirements to coschedule. Our approach partially reorders the waiting job queue by lookahead to increase the possibility of finding a good match. LOMARC also generalizes for standard CPUs, using an adjusted matching scheme and only focusing on hiding I/O latency. In addition, LOMARC incorporates standard scheduling approaches such as priority ordering, aging and backfilling. In our simulation experiment, we use a realistic workload model to provide the convincing results. Our experimental results demonstrate that LOMARC delivers better performance than the standard space sharing approach and the other two job coscheduling approaches for HT processors. The performance gain is mainly due to an increased possibility of coscheduling two complementary jobs by looking ahead on the waiting queue.
CAESAREAN SECTION AND ITS RELATION WITH PRETERM BIRTHS IN AL-ZAHRAWI HOSPITAL – DAMASCUS – DURING SYRIAN CRISIS

Issue: 1 162-173 Year: 2020 ABSTRACT This research aim to study the prevalence of caesarean section (CS) in Al-Zahrawi hospital in Damascus and to investigate if it affects the preterm births (< 37 weeks of gestational age) by increasing its rate during the Syrian crisis period (2011 – 2018) this study is a cross-sectional study, and to study this we gathered our data from the archive of Al-Zahrawi hospital and then calculated the rate of CSs that occurred at a gestational age < 37 weeks and the rate of all CSs and calculated the percentage of the first rate from the second rate in each year of the above then compared the results of each year with the year before the Syrian crisis (2010) . Data were analyzed by using Spss 25.0, our results showed that there was no significant evidence if the increased CS rate caused a rise in the preterm births rate however this may be due