Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Computational Polarimetric Imaging With a Hyperuniform Frequency-Diverse Metacavity Transceiver

Polarimetric information is beneficial for enhancing the imaging quality of computational imaging (CI) systems. However, the hardware that can extract the polarimetric information in a computational polarimetric imaging (CPI) system remains heavily unstudied. Thus, in this article, a hyperuniform frequency-diverse metacavity transceiver (HFDMT) that is capable of retrieving the polarimetric information throughout the K-band is proposed. The proposed HFDMT is a metacavity etched with cross-shaped irises arranged in a hyperuniform distribution. The transmitter (Tx) and the receiver (Rx) of a conventional CPI system are replaced by two isolated ports of the HFDMT, which significantly simplifies the hardware architecture. First, to satisfy the requirements for extracting the polarimetric information while sustaining the high efficiency and frequency diversity, the cross-shaped iris is proposed. The cross-shaped iris working efficiently and independently under two orthogonal polarizations also exhibits frequency-diverse radiation responses. Moreover, to improve the spatial-orthogonality of the measurement modes, the hyperuniform distribution is adopted to arrange the irises. Using the hyperuniform distribution results in up to 33% increase in the number of useful measurement modes under different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), as compared to the uniform distribution. Then, the performance of the HFDMT is evaluated. The S-parameters demonstrate that the HFDMT exhibits good impedance match and high port isolation characteristics. In total, 600 measurement modes with correlation coefficients (CCs) lower than 0.35 are obtained from 18 to 26 GHz. Finally, a prototype is fabricated. The 3-D CPI feasibility using the proposed HFDMT is verified by both full-wave simulations and measurements.
2 . DELiC 4 MT for the Analysis of Translation Quality Barriers 2 . 1 DELiC 4 MT : an Open-Source Toolkit for Diagnostic MT Evaluation

This paper aims to automatically identify which linguistic phenomena represent barriers to better MT quality. We focus on the translation of news data for two bidirectional language pairs: EN↔ES and EN↔DE. Using the diagnostic MT evaluation toolkit DELiC4MT and a set of human reference translations, we relate translation quality barriers to a selection of 9 source-side PoS-based linguistic checkpoints. Using output from the winning SMT, RbMT, and hybrid systems of the WMT 2013 shared task, translation quality barriers are investigated (in relation to the selected linguistic checkpoints) according to two main variables: (i) the type of the MT approach, i.e. statistical, rule-based or hybrid, and (ii) the human evaluation of MT output, ranked into three quality groups corresponding to good, near miss and poor. We show that the combination of manual quality ranking and automatic diagnostic evaluation on a set of PoS-based linguistic checkpoints is able to identify the specific quality barriers of different MT system types across the four translation directions under consideration.
Trace metal supplementation in wastewater sludge digesters

Multiple studies have shown the importance of transition metals for the microorganisms involved in anaerobic digestion. Deficiencies in metals can translate into suboptimal digester performances and therefore where present an opportunity to stimulate anaerobic digestion exists. Previous supplementation studies that have used EDTA complexed metals have shown conflicting results. Assays supplemented with cobalt-EDTA on its own consistently responded to a level equal to or higher than that from assays supplemented with a combination of metals. The results seemingly indicate that cobalt was the most commonly deficient metal in the sludge digesters. However this study has raised questions about the bioavailability of other metals as EDTA chelates, particularly nickel-EDTA. Differing levels of bioavailability for different EDTA complex metals explain how conflicting results for EDTA complexed metals can exist. Metal deficiencies were present 69% of the time in the wastewater sludge digesters samples. Given the questions raised about the bioavailability of metal-EDTA chelates the prevalence of deficiencies was likely to have been higher. At a site specific level it was found that a lower than expected Vmax for a given sites acetoclastic methanogen population corresponded with a positive response from supplementation and therefore it can act as an indicator of metal requirement.
A Hand Gesture Recognition using Feature Extraction

Information communication between two peers can be done using various mediums. These mediums can be either linguistic or gestures. The development of procedure for realizing gestures into meaningful information plays a pivotal role in instances where linguistic feature cannot be taken as a basis and gestures can be used as the alternative for the conveying the same. This paper presents a very simple and efficient approach for recognizing th e hand gesture that represents numbers from zero to nine. The work basically represents the active and in -active fingers with binary value 0 and 1 respectively, in different combination for representing different numbers. The method of representing the han d gesture in binary pattern contributes a lot for increasing the performance of classification process. The binary Support Vector Machine (SVM) is considered as a recognition tool.
Envisioning the future of cartographic research

ABSTRACT This article introduces a special issue of the International Journal of Cartography that envisions the future of cartographic research. Following a process of collaborative ideation among International Cartographic Association (ICA) commissions, their members and other allied scholars and professionals, five articles have been crafted to highlight challenges and opportunities for cartographic research in the decades ahead. The first article characterizes the evolution of cartographic research through analysis of the activities of the ICA. Next, we present four new research agendas on persistent problems in cartographic research, big data and geovisual analytics, designing across map use contexts and use and user issues.
PROSPECTS FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL MANIPULATION OF METABOLISM

The development of our understanding of the kinetic behaviour of metabolic systems was dominated throughout most of its history by studies of single enzymes in isolation from others. Initially, of course, Buchner’s “zymase” (Buchner, 1897) was believed to be a single enzyme, but once it was recognized to be a mixture there was no attempt to analyse the kinetic properties of the mixture as such; the drive was always to separate the components and study them separately. The growth of interest in metabolic regulation after the discovery of feedback regulation during the 1950s (Umbarger, 1956; Yates and Pardee, 1956) changed this perspective surprisingly little. For a long time, the textbooks continued to discuss the regulation of pathways in terms of the one enzyme believed to be rate-limiting. This still remains largely true today, despite the recent development of more systemic approaches to metabolism, starting from the classic papers of Kacser and Burns (1973) and Heinrich and Rapoport (1974); thus Fell (1996) could remark in the Preface of his recent book that
Splice acceptor site for the env message of Moloney murine leukemia virus

We report the isolation and sequence of a cDNA clone containing part of the env message of the Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMuLV). This clone was derived from a rat thymic lymphoma induced by MoMuLV. The AG acceptor site employed in this message is located at position 5490 in the MoMuLV genome. This splice site is detectable at the cDNA level by the creation of a novel SacI restriction site not present in the viral genome. In the -1 to -40 region, this AG acceptor site is preceded by four conserved heptanucleotides (PyXPyTPuAPy) that may function as acceptors for removal of the 5' end of the intron.
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)‐1 creates a premetastatic niche in the liver through SDF‐1/CXCR4‐dependent neutrophil recruitment in mice

Due to its ability to inhibit prometastatic matrix metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)‐1 has been thought to suppress tumor metastasis. However, elevated systemic levels of TIMP‐1 correlate with poor prognosis in cancer patients, suggesting a metastasis‐stimulating role of TIMP‐1. In colorectal cancer patients, tumor as well as plasma TIMP‐1 levels were correlated with synchronous liver metastasis or distant metastasis‐associated disease relapse. In mice, high systemic TIMP‐1 levels increased the liver susceptibility towards metastasis by triggering the formation of a premetastatic niche. This promoted hepatic metastasis independent of origin or intrinsic metastatic potential of tumor cells. High systemic TIMP‐1 led to increased hepatic SDF‐1 levels, which in turn promoted recruitment of neutrophils to the liver. Both inhibition of SDF‐1‐mediated neutrophil recruitment and systemic depletion of neutrophils reduced TIMP‐1‐induced increased liver susceptibility towards metastasis. This indicates a crucial functional role of neutrophils in the TIMP‐1‐induced premetastatic niche. Conclusion: Our results identify TIMP‐1 as an essential promoter of hepatic premetastatic niche formation. (Hepatology 2015;61:238–248)
Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Inhibition in Proteolipid Protein 1-Expressing Cells Stimulates Neurogenesis and Gliogenesis in the Postnatal Enteric Nervous System

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) is a key regulator of cell proliferation and a potential target to stimulate postnatal enteric neuro- and/or gliogenesis. To investigate this, we generated two tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase murine models in which Pten was conditionally ablated, (1) in glia (Plp1-expressing cells) and (2) in neurons (Calb2-expressing cells). Tamoxifen-treated adult (7–12 weeks of age; n = 4–15) mice were given DSS to induce colitis, EdU to monitor cell proliferation, and were evaluated at two timepoints: (1) early (3–4 days post-DSS) and (2) late (3–4 weeks post-DSS). We investigated gut motility and evaluated the enteric nervous system. Pten inhibition in Plp1-expressing cells elicited gliogenesis at baseline and post-DSS (early and late) in the colon, and neurogenesis post-DSS late in the proximal colon. They also exhibited an increased frequency of colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMC) and slower whole gut transit times. Pten inhibition in Calb2-expressing cells did not induce enteric neuro- or gliogenesis, and no alterations were detected in CMMC or whole gut transit times when compared to the control at baseline or post-DSS (early and late). Our results merit further research into Pten modulation where increased glia and/or slower intestinal transit times are desired (e.g., short-bowel syndrome and rapid-transit disorders).
Pathological Tau Strains from Human Brains Recapitulate the Diversity of Tauopathies in Nontransgenic Mouse Brain

Pathological tau aggregates occur in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative tauopathies. It is not clearly understood why tauopathies vary greatly in the neuroanatomical and histopathological patterns of tau aggregation, which contribute to clinical heterogeneity in these disorders. Recent studies have shown that tau aggregates may form distinct structural conformations, known as tau strains. Here, we developed a novel model to test the hypothesis that cell-to-cell transmission of different tau strains occurs in nontransgenic (non-Tg) mice, and to investigate whether there are strain-specific differences in the pattern of tau transmission. By injecting pathological tau extracted from postmortem brains of AD (AD-tau), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP-tau), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD-tau) patients into different brain regions of female non-Tg mice, we demonstrated the induction and propagation of endogenous mouse tau aggregates. Specifically, we identified differences in tau strain potency between AD-tau, CBD-tau, and PSP-tau in non-Tg mice. Moreover, differences in cell-type specificity of tau aggregate transmission were observed between tau strains such that only PSP-tau and CBD-tau strains induce astroglial and oligodendroglial tau inclusions, recapitulating the diversity of neuropathology in human tauopathies. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the neuronal connectome, but not the tau strain, determines which brain regions develop tau pathology. Finally, CBD-tau- and PSP-tau-injected mice showed spatiotemporal transmission of glial tau pathology, suggesting glial tau transmission contributes to the progression of tauopathies. Together, our data suggest that different tau strains determine seeding potency and cell-type specificity of tau aggregation that underlie the diversity of human tauopathies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Tauopathies show great clinical and neuropathological heterogeneity, despite the fact that tau aggregates in each disease. This heterogeneity could be due to tau aggregates forming distinct structural conformations, or strains. We now report the development of a sporadic tauopathy model to study human tau strains by intracerebrally injecting nontransgenic mice with pathological tau enriched from human tauopathy brains. We show human tau strains seed different types and cellular distributions of tau neuropathology in our model that recapitulate the heterogeneity seen in these human diseases.
Phase based spatial identification of UHF RFID tags

In this paper, we give an overview of spatial identification (determining position and velocity) of modulated backscatter UHF RFID tags using RF phase information. We describe three main techniques based on PDOA (Phase Difference of Arrival): TD (Time Domain), FD (Frequency Domain), and SD (Spatial Domain). The techniques are illustrated with modeling and simulation example in free space and in presence of multipath using a multi-ray channel model for amplitude and phase of the received tag signal in deterministic environment. We also present and discuss the experiments performed in a real RFID warehouse portal environment.
Multiscale patterning of nanocomposite polyelectrolyte/nanoparticle films using inkjet printing and AFM scratching

The fabrication of structured polymer/nanoparticle composite films through a combination of additive, subtractive and self-assembly methodologies is investigated. Consumer grade inkjet printing hardware is employed to deposit cationic polyelectrolytes on (i) hydrophilic and (ii) hydrophobised glass substrates. The hydrophobisation process controls the spreading of the droplets and hence the lateral size of printed features. The printed cationic polyelectrolyte regions are used as a template to direct the self-assembly of negatively charged gold nanoparticles onto the surface. Micro-scale features are created in the polyelectrolyte/nanoparticle films using AFM scratching to selectively displace material. The effect of substrate wettability on film morphology is discussed.
Feature-Based Information Processing with Selective Attention

We present a simple but general model for feature-based information processing with selective attention. We model feature extraction as projections onto frames of subspaces, which accounts for redundancies in the representations of individual features as well as between features. To manage limited resources, we use feedback attentional signals to dynamically allocate system resources according to the observed events. In our model, attention maximizes the average information retained about all events weighted by their relative priorities. We illustrate the model with a simple system under a total bit constraint and discuss how the organization of the feature extraction affects the optimal bit allocation
Real-time painting with an expressive virtual Chinese brush

Many painters today are going digital; because of the convenience and ease of experimentation that painting software gives. Our goal is to effectively simulate the process of brush painting - particularly the dynamics of a brush tuft - so that artists can use a virtual brush to paint with spirit - that is, in a lively, dynamic, brisk way. We've designed an efficient deformable brush model with spreading bristles that works in real time with consumer-level hardware. Our system renders realistic brushwork in response to input data captured from a device with six degrees of freedom (DOFs). Our research thus far focuses on brush modeling and ink depositing from brush to paper. The simulation of ink diffusion on paper, another important feature of Eastern brushwork, is a future goal.
Brands in NewsStand: spatio-temporal browsing of business news

The NewsStand system enables the use of a map query interface to retrieve news articles associated with the principal locations that they mention collected as a result of monitoring the output of over 10,000 RSS news feeds, made available within minutes of publication. NewsStand has been enhanced to allow using the map query interface to access other information associated with the articles such as photos and videos, as well as names of people and diseases mentioned in these articles. Here we report on our efforts to enhance NewsStand to display the names of brands and to the articles mentioning them. The challenges in identifying interesting brand mentions are discussed.
Modelling high‐latitude summer temperature patterns using physiographic variables

Recent investigations of high‐resolution temperature patterns employing dense observational networks have improved our understanding of fine‐scale climatic influences on hydrological and ecological processes. Few of these investigations, however, have focused on high‐latitude environments. In this study—one of the first to evaluate drivers of fine‐scale temperature patterns in a non‐glaciated high‐latitude environment—we evaluated physiographic controls on summer temperature while accounting for free‐air temperature conditions along a north–south transect of temperature sensors on Mt. Healy, at the eastern edge of Denali National Park and Preserve in Alaska, United States. Although the study was limited to summer, when near‐surface temperature inversions are rare, we identified average daily minimum temperature (Tmin) lapse rates shallower than −2 °C/km over five summers. Lapse rates of average temperature (Tavg) were steeper (−5.3 °C/km), but still did not approach the global average lapse rate of −6.5 °C/km. We also identified positive effects of solar radiation on both Tmin and Tavg, variation in Tmin and Tavg lapse rates across a range of synoptic temperature conditions, and variation in Tmin lapse rates across terrain convergence values. Finally, we compared relationships between elevation and temperature from transect sensors and a gridded product. Over 15 months of comparison, sensor Tavg was 0.6 °C cooler than gridded data at similar elevations. Sensor lapse rates were on average 0.5 °C steeper than those from gridded data but only significantly so in the cool month of June 2014. These differences highlight the need for additional instrumentation across this remote and topographically variable region to improve accuracy and reduce biases in gridded climate products.
RCMap: Efficiently Creating High-Quality Euclidean Embeddings

For many applications in computer vision and multimedia, similarity between objects is measured by a dissimilarity function that is complex, expensive to compute, and often non-metric. To allow fast distance computations, these objects may be embedded into a vector space, where the distance between the embedding of two objects approximates the actual dissimilarity between them. Traditional sparse embedding methods like FastMap and SparseMap allow embedding a new object into a vector space based on its dissimilarities with only a small set of objects. However, these methods do not optimize embedding quality, and may create embeddings that do not approximate the original dissimilarities well. BoostMap improves embedding quality, but incurs high computational cost. In this work, we propose RCMap, a technique that offers significant speedup over Boostmap, with minimal loss in embedding quality.
Social Media Use in Physician-Patient Interaction - A Fit Perspective

The meaningful use of health information technologies is being heralded as means to engage patients and families in the management of their own healthcare. Patient engagement and their wellbeing can be enhanced by improving communication between the patient and his/her physician. In spite of the widespread use of social media in social communication, their role in complementing physician-patient interaction is highly restricted. These technologies have great potential to overcome cost and access limitations of face-to-face physician-patient interactions. This study attempts to fill the gap in our understanding of the facilitators and inhibitors of the utilization of social media technologies in physicianpatient interaction. Drawing on multiple theoretical streams of task-technology fit, risk-benefit analysis, and social-technical gap, we develop a conceptual model of fit of social media utilization by physicians and articulate related propositions.
On monotone languages and their characterization by regular expressions

In one of their papers, F. Gécseg and B. Imreh gave a characterization for monotone string languages by regular expressions. It has turned out that the monotone string languages are exactly those languages that can be represented by finite unions of seminormal chain languages. In this paper a similar characterization is given for monotone DR-languages.
FURTHER CHARACTERIZATION OF OCULAR SAFETY PROFILE OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE PRESERVED AND PRESERVATIVE-FREE TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE

Purpose To characterize the safety profile of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for intraocular application. Methods In vitro cell viability assay was performed on 2 types of human ocular cells to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the simulated different vitreal concentrations (from a 1:15 dilution as if injected into 1.5 mL of rabbit vitreous to 1:50 dilution as if injected into 5 mL of human vitreous) of preservative and excipient (supernatant) from Kenalog-40. In vivo 35 guinea pigs were used for evaluating either a dose of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (Kenalog-40 and Triesence) or the supernatant of Kenalog-40. The animal eyes were monitored by biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, tonometry, electroretinography, and histology. Results A ≥1:15 dilution of triamcinolone acetonide supernatant from Kenalog-40 did not show cytotoxicity on cultured human pigment epithelial (retinal pigment epithelium) cells or Müller cells. In vivo, neither intravitreal 6 &mgr;L (0.248 mg, equivalent to 4 mg in 0.1 mL for human eyes) nor 18 &mgr;L (0.744 mg, equivalent to 4 mg in 0.1 mL for rabbit eyes and equivalent to 12 mg in 0.1 mL for human eyes) of triamcinolone acetonide suspension showed ocular toxicity. No significant difference was noted between Kenalog-40 and Triesence clinically and histopathologically. Conclusion The equivalent triamcinolone acetonide doses to 0.1 mL (4 or 12 mg) intravitreal injection for human eye were found safe in guinea pig eyes. No significant difference was noted for 0.1 mL intravitreal injection between Kenalog-40 and Triesence.