Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VideoTrack: Learning to Track Objects via Video Transformer -Supplementary Materials-In

In this supplementary material, we first provide some implementation details mentioned in main text in Sec. 1, e.g. training and testing details. In Sec. 2, we then report additional VOT benchmark results including OTB [22] and VOT [12, 13] benchmarks. We also provide more exploration studies of our method through experimental and theoretical analysis and more extensive conclusions on VideoTrack framework in Sec. 3. Finally, we provide some visualization and attribute analysis of VideoTrack on tracking benchmarks and selected video sequences in Sec. 4.
FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF SURGICAL FIXATION OF SUPRACONDYLAR HUMERUS FRACTURES IN CHILDREN BY LATERAL PINNING AND CROSSED PINNING: A COMPARATIVE INTERVENTIONAL STUDY

Background: Displaced supracondylar fractures of humerus are one of the most common fractures in paediatric age group with preferred treatment being close reduction with percutaneous K-wire fixation. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective interventional study of 30 patients done over a period of 1 year from May 2021-June 2022 to assess the clinical, radiological and functional outcome of Surgical Fixation of Supracondylar Humerus Fracture by Lateral Pinning and Crossed pinning in Children at the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Thiruvarur Medical College and Hospital, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India. Result: Patients were assessed by Flynn’s criteria. Results were excellent in 93% and good in 6.7 % of cross pinning group and for lateral pinning group, excellent in 93.3% and fair in 6.7% cases which were not statistically significant (P = 0.97). Conclusion: With the use of the specific techniques employed in this study, both lateral entry pin fixation and medial and lateral entry pin fixation are effective in the treatment of completely displaced (type III) extension supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children.
SUSTAINING TEACHER NEEDS: A SYSTEMATIC NARRATIVE REVIEW EXPLORING TEACHER RETENTION, ATTRITION, AND MOTIVATION

This systematic narrative review analyzed 35 studies and sources to identify the factors most commonly associated with teacher retention and teacher attrition. This review, moreover, incorporated McClelland’s (2009) theory of needs to explore how these retention and attrition factors related to meeting teachers’ needs for achievement, affiliation, and power. Through this theoretical framing, the analysis revealed that teachers are more often retained when their needs for achievement are met through supportive and nurturing work environments, sustained by administrators focused on staff development. Teacher needs for affiliation are met through strong induction and mentoring programs coupled with a focus on cultivating a supportive staff through ongoing professional development and learning communities. Finally, teachers’ needs for power were most often met by providing teachers with autonomy, influence, and adequate financial compensation.
SURGICAL OUTCOME OF CARDIAC MYXOMA CASES: A SINGLE UNIT ANALYSIS IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER OF NORTH INDIA

Background: Tumors of the heart are rare. Primary cardiac tumors are uncommon with incidence of 0.0017% to 0.02%. Cardiac myxoma is the most common benign tumor of heart and it accounts for 50% of all primary cardiac tumors. Life threatening complications due to myxomas can be prevented by early recognition and early surgery. Among all the cardiac tumors myxoma has an excellent survival rate after surgery. The objective is to study the intervention, complications and outcome of myxoma cases in a tertiary care institute of north India. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study. Consecutive 30 patients with cardiac myxoma operated between January 2015 and December 2022 were reviewed. The demographic profile and clinical characteristics, pre-operative investigations, intra operative findings, post-operative course, complications and follow up were reviewed. Result: Among 30 patients, 21 were female and 9 male. All the patients were symptomatic with dyspnea being the most common presenting symptom. Left atrium was the most common site of involvement. Villous morphology was more common than polypoid surface. There was neither any mortality nor recurrence in the study group. Conclusion: Surgical resection is the treatment of choice and should be done as soon as the diagnosis is made. Surgical outcome in our study group is excellent without any mortality and recurrence.
PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF HYPERTENSION COMPLICATIONS AMONG HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS: A HOSPITAL-BASED STUDY

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of disability and death in the world among communicable diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension complications among hypertensive patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension complications, from 1st June 2019 to 30th July 2022. Interview-guided self-administered questionnaire and a chart review were used for data collection. Statistical significance was set at a 95% confidence interval using a P value of ≤0.05 as a cutoff point. Result: In a total of 378 recruited hypertensive subjects, majority of the subjects were males 231 (61.1%) were males as compared to females. The subjects were having a mean age of 53.55 ± 16.65 years with a range of 20 to 85 years. Maximum representations of subjects were having a sedentary life and were having a history of first degree elatives among family members (p<0.05). On further stratification of the subjects females, married people, farmers and self-employed, subjects with family history of hypertension, sedentary life style presented with a higher risk of getting HTN complications (p <0.05). Joint family system presented with higher HTN complications as compared to nuclear families (p =0.05). In this study, the overall prevalence of stroke complications was 24.9% followed by Diabetic mellitus (21.9%), dyslipidemia (21.2%), kidney disease (12.5%), heart disease (11.2%) and eye problem in 8.2%. Conclusion: In this study, being female, having sedentary life, having a family history of hypertension among first degree relatives are factors associated with hypertension complications. Similarly, stroke was the main complications associated with HTN.
Furue, H. (2014). Systemic dexmedetomidine augments inhibitory synaptic transmission in the superficial dorsal horn through activation of descending noradrenergic control: An in vivo patch-clamp analysis of analgesic

α2-adrenoceptors are widely distributed throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and the systemic administration of α2-agonists such as dexmedetomidine produces clinically useful, centrally-mediated sedation and analgesia; however, these same actions also limit the utility of these agents (ie unwanted sedative actions). Despite a wealth of data on cellular and synaptic actions of α2-agonists in vitro, it is not known which neuronal circuits are modulated in vivo to produce the analgesic effect. To address this issue, we made in vivo recordings of membrane currents and synaptic activities in superficial spinal dorsal horn neurons and examined their responses to systemic dexmedetomidine. We found that dexmedetomidine at doses that produce analgesia (<10 μg/kg) enhanced inhibitory postsynaptic transmission within the superficial dorsal horn without altering excitatory synaptic transmission or evoking direct postsynaptic membrane currents. In contrast, higher doses of dexmedetomidine (>10 μg/kg) induced outward currents by a direct postsynaptic action. The dexmedetomidine-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) facilitation was not mimicked by spinal application of dexmedetomidine and was absent in spinalized rats, suggesting it acts at a supraspinal site. Further it was inhibited by spinal application of the α1-antagonist prazosin. In the brain stem, low doses of systemic dexmedetomidine produced an excitation of locus coeruleus neurons. These results suggest that systemic α2-adrenoceptor stimulation may facilitate inhibitory synaptic responses in the superficial dorsal horn to produce analgesia mediated by activation of the pontospinal Correspondence should be addressed to: Hidemasa Furue, Department of Information Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan. furue@nips.ac. jp; Tel, +81-564-59-5887; Fax, +81-564-59-5891. Conflict of interest statement: There are no financial or other relationships that may cause a conflict of interest. Europe PMC Funders Group Author Manuscript Pain. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 November 20. Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2014 March ; 155(3): 617–628. doi:10.1016/j.pain. 2013.12. 018. E uope PM C Fuders A uhor M ancripts E uope PM C Fuders A uhor M ancripts noradrenergic inhibitory system. This novel mechanism may provide new targets for intervention perhaps allowing analgesic actions to be dissociated from excessive sedation.
A STUDY ON THE FACTORS DETERMINING THE EASE OF SUBARACHNOID BLOCK IN PREGNANT PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE

Background: To study the various factors determining the ease of subarachnoid block in pregnant patients. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted on 300 pregnant patients who underwent either elective or emergency caesarean section in maternity hospitals attached to study the various factors determining the ease of subarachnoid block like BMI, history of previous difficulty in subarachnoid block, PREDIS classification (spinal landmarks), bony abnormalities of spine and Interspinous gap. All these factors were statistically analysed individually with the need of senior or second person to administer the block, number of skin punctures, number of spaces used, need of paraspinal approach, and grading of ease of administering subarachnoid block. Result: The study showed that the history of previous difficulty in subarachnoid block, BMI, Interspinous gap, PREDIS classification are significant predictors of difficult subarachnoid block. Conclusion: Presence of bony spinal abnormality doesn’t have a significant relationship with the number of punctures, number of spaced used. But it is significantly related to the need of paraspinal approach to administer the block.
The Iceland–Faroe warm-water flow towards the Arctic estimated from satellite altimetry and in situ observations

Abstract. The inflow of warm and saline Atlantic water to the Arctic Mediterranean (Nordic Seas and Arctic Ocean) between Iceland and the Faroes (IF inflow) is the strongest Atlantic inflow branch in terms of volume transport and is associated with a large transport of heat towards the Arctic. The IF inflow is monitored in a section east of the Iceland–Faroe Ridge (IFR) by use of sea level anomaly (SLA) data from satellite altimetry, a method that has been calibrated by in situ observations gathered over 2 decades. Monthly averaged surface velocity anomalies calculated from SLA data were strongly correlated with anomalies measured by moored acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) with consistently higher correlations when using the reprocessed SLA data released in December 2021 rather than the earlier version. In contrast to the earlier version, the reprocessed data also had the correct conversion factor between sea level slope and surface velocity required by geostrophy. Our results show that the IF inflow crosses the IFR in two separate branches. The Icelandic branch is a jet over the Icelandic slope with average surface speed exceeding 20 cm s−1, but it is narrow and shallow with an average volume transport of less than 1 Sv (106 m3 s−1). Most of the Atlantic water crosses the IFR close to its southernmost end in the Faroese branch. Between these two branches, water from the Icelandic branch turns back onto the ridge in a retroflection with a recirculation over the northernmost bank on the IFR. Combining multi-sensor in situ observations with satellite SLA data, monthly mean volume transport of the IF inflow has been determined from January 1993 to December 2021. The IF inflow is part of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), which is expected to weaken under continued global warming. Our results show no weakening of the IF inflow. Annually averaged volume transport of Atlantic water through the monitoring section had a statistically significant (95 % confidence level) increasing trend of (0.12±0.10) Sv per decade. Combined with increasing temperature, this caused an increase of 13 % in the heat transport, relative to 0 ∘C, towards the Arctic of the IF inflow over the 29 years of monitoring. The near-bottom layer over most of the IFR is dominated by cold water of Arctic origin that may contribute to the overflow across the ridge. Our observations confirm a dynamic link between the overflow and the Atlantic water flow above. The results also provide support for a previously posed hypothesis that this link may explain the difficulties in reproducing observed transport variations in the IF inflow in numerical ocean models, with consequences for its predictability under climate change.
COMPARISON OF LAPAROSCOPIC VS OPEN REPAIR OF VENTRAL HERNIA WITH MESH

Background: Ventral hernias (VH) occur as a result of weakness in the musculofascial layer of the anterior abdominal wall. The most popular classification is: congenital, acquired, incisional and traumatic. A successful series of laparoscopic repair for VH was done by LeBlanc in 1993. Laparoscopic repair was applied to the ventral hernias, with the expectation of earlier recovery, fewer postoperative complications, and decreased recurrence rates. The Objective is to compare the outcomes after open and laparoscopic ventral hernia repair. Materials and Methods: It is prospective study involved 60 patients with ventral hernia, were subjected either to repair by laparoscopy or to open repair. The open surgical operations were performed by the retro-rectus mesh repair, whereas the laparoscopic repairs were performed using the intra-peritoneal on lay dual mesh (IPOM) repair technique. Result: Incisional hernia was the most common disease (41.67%). Followed by umbilical hernia (33.33%) in the studied patients. Compared to open repair, laparoscopic repair is associated with shorter duration of surgery (laparoscopic -91 minutes versus open-115 minutes). The average pain score was 2.67 in laparoscopic repair when compared to open repair with 4.87 score on postoperative day 1. Duration of hospital stay was significantly shorter for laparoscopic repair than for open hernia repair (3.43 days versus 4.53 days). Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that laparoscopic ventral hernia repair in our experience was safe and resulted in shorter operative time, fewer complications; shorter hospital stays, and earlier returns to daily activity. Hence, it should be considered as the procedure of choice for ventral hernia repair.
EFFECT OF SURGERY ON OXIDATIVE STRESS OF MALIGNANT BONE TUMORS-A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Background: Malignant bone tumors, though less common than benign bone tumors but are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Emerging theories propose that a surge in oxidative stress, marked by escalated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, can disturb the delicate equilibrium of intracellular reduction-oxidation (redox) processes. This intricate phenomenon has been implicated in numerous diseases, including the formidable realm of cancer. With this in mind, the primary objective of our study was to meticulously assess the intricate interplay between oxidant stress and the antioxidant defense mechanisms within malignant bone tumors, before and after surgical intervention. Materials and Methods: Our study encompassed a cohort of 14 patients diagnosed with histopathologically confirmed malignant bone tumors, all treated at a distinguished single center under the expertise of a singular surgeon. In parallel, we also included 14 healthy individuals as controls for comparative analysis. To assess the degree of oxidative stress, serum levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), a reliable biomarker, were meticulously quantified. Additionally, the antioxidant status was evaluated through the measurement of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) levels. Importantly, blood samples were collected at two distinct time points: the initial diagnosis and precisely six months following surgical intervention, allowing for a comprehensive examination of the dynamic changes within the patients' redox profiles. Result: The results showed a significant increase in plasma MDA levels and a significant decrease in SOD levels in patients with malignant bone tumors compared to healthy controls. Surgical intervention had a significant impact on oxidative stress levels, with a decrease in MDA levels and an increase in SOD levels observed after surgery. Conclusion: To conclude, our comprehensive analysis of malignant bone tumors has revealed a notable elevation in oxidative stress levels accompanied by a concurrent decline in antioxidant status. These findings shed light on the intricate interplay between redox balance and the pathogenesis of bone tumors. Further investigations into the modulation of oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms in patients with bone tumors hold promising potential for early diagnosis and the development of effective management strategies.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OUTCOME OF PERITONEAL LAVAGE USING SALINE, METRONIDAZOLE AND BETADINE SOLUTION IN PERITONITIS

Background: Peritonitis is defined as inflammation of the peritoneum and peritoneal cavity. Peritoneal lavage is an intraoperative surgical procedure that reduces the rate of surgical site infection by the removal of debris, dead or damaged tissue, metabolic waste and wound exudates. It aims to create an optimal environment for wound healing and it is used with variable uptake amongst surgical practitioners worldwide and among various lavage materials metronidazole is proven most efficient. Materials and Methods: Study includes 90 patients admitted to emergency of General Surgery Department at our institution during year 2021-2022. Patients were randomly divided into group of 30 each and peritoneal lavage after definitive repair was done, in Group A metronidazole with normal saline, in Group B betadine with normal saline used and in Group C normal saline was used. Comparison of the outcomes of the three groups done in terms of return of bowel movement, restoration of enteral feeds, surgical drain patterns, surgical site infection, intra-abdominal abscesses, re-operation/ intervention, duration of hospital stay and mortality, if any. Result & Conclusion: Maximum study population was in age group of 21-30 years. Male to female ratio was 7.9:2.1. Leading cause of secondary peritonitis in study was ileal perforation (53.
ASSESSMENT OF PREVALENCE OF VIRAL AETIOLOGICAL AGENTS IN CASES OF ENCEPHALITIS ADMITTED TO A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF NORTHEAST INDIA

Background: The aim is to assess prevalence of viral aetiological agents in cases of encephalitis admitted to a tertiary care hospital of Northeast India. Materials and Methods: Two hundred sixty-three patients of suspected encephalitis of either gender was selected and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected. IgM antibody detection by enzyme ‑ linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for JEV, dengue virus (DV) was done. Real ‑ time polymerase chain reaction was done for Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Varicella ‑ zoster virus (VZV), Epstein ‑ Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), enterovirus (EV), HHV 6, HHV 7, JEV and parechovirus. Result: Out of 263 patients, there were 151 male and 112 female. JEV was detected in 126, scrub typhus in 8, HSV-I in 4, VZV in 1, EBV in 5, HHV-6 in 1, HHV-7 in 1, AV in 1 and DEV in 15 patients. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Clinical manifestations were fever seen in 263, altered sensorium in 247, raised intracranial pressure in 205, vomiting in 120, neck stiffness in 35 and seizure in 124 patients. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Treatment outcome was mortality seen in 56, recovered and discharged in 47, recovered and disability in 1 and LAMA in 159. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Acute encephalitis syndrome is quite common in patients. High mortality rate was observed in our patients.
INTERNAL FIXATION OF FRACTURES OF SHAFT OF THE HUMERUS WITH DYNAMIC COMPRESSION PLATE OR INTERLOCKING NAIL: A PROSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE STUDY

Background: In this modern age, because of rapid industrialization, increase in motor vehicles on road and increased life expectancy accidents are on the rise and resulting in rise in number of fractures. To evaluate the role of Dynamic Compression Plating & Interlocking Nail in fixation of fracture shaft humerus. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, Govt. multispecialty Hospital, Sec. 16, Chandigarh during the years 2010-12. Result: Road Traffic Accident was the most common mode of injury accounting for 83% cases. In the present series 90% of the fractures were closed. Only 3 out of 30 cases were open. All the three open fractures were of grade I. The mean union time was 15.27 ± 6.21 weeks in nailing group and 15.23 ± 3.32 weeks in plating group. In our study the overall union rate was 80% (24 out of 30 cases united). Conclusion: Overall plating is a better procedure than interlocking nail for fracture shaft humerus. Nailing to be done only when plating cannot be done especially segmental #, pathological #, severe multiple trauma for DCO. Nailing can be preferred in females because of aesthetics of smaller scars in the arm.
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF AGE-RELATED CATARACT AMONG SIXTY-PLUS POPULATION IN A COASTAL VILLAGE IN SOUTH INDIA

Background: The present study was carried out to estimate the prevalence and risk factors associated to cataract among people above 60 years in a rural Panchayat in Kerala. Design-Community(field)-based, cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: A total of 340 subjects of 60 years and above included using multi stage cluster sampling. Participants were interviewed with pre-tested questionnaire to collect information on demographics, prevalence of cataract. Using appropriate bivariate and multivariate methods and gender analysis of the determinants of cataract was done. Result: Prevalence of cataract blindness was 47.4 percent, (women 57 percent, and men 36.8 percent). The most important risk factors significantly associated with cataract were found to be age (OR 0.3 (CI 0.20-0.50) and hypertension, OR-1.9 (CI 1.2 - 3.0)). The cataract burden was higher (twice) for women (p value 0.016) compared to men. Those aged 75+ were 3 times at higher risk compared to 60-74 years (p value 0.0001). The illiterate have higher risk (p value 0.005) Prevalence of cataract surgery in persons operated in one or other eye was 59.6 percent (women 58.7 percent, men 62.9 percent). There was association between sex and most of the socio-economic and access related factors. Conclusion: Gender disparities and poorer access to services in rural areas are still a challenge. We found high rates of un-operated cataract in older people in south India. Women had higher rates of cataract, which was not explained by differential access to surgery.