Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strength of Improvement Recommendations From Injurious Fall Investigations: A Retrospective Multi-Incident Analysis

Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the strength of improvement recommendations proposed after investigation of fall incidents in health care facilities that result in major injuries. Methods This study was conducted using a retrospective multi-incident analysis design. The study setting was 4 tertiary teaching hospitals, 1 subacute rehabilitation facility, and a residential aged care facility in a metropolitan health district in New South Wales, Australia. Ninety-eight injurious fall incidents during a 2-year period (2015–2016) were investigated. Recommendations were grouped into 3 categories: strong (including environmental modifications, equipment, workflow or process redesign), medium (including changes in communication or documentation processes, staffing numbers and/or skill mix, education to address identified knowledge deficits), and weak (including alerts/warning/labels or expected practice without any associated policy or procedure). Results The majority of the incidents (34.7%; n = 34) occurred between 1300 and 1859 hours, 65.3% (n = 64) occurred in the patient’s room, and 79.4% (n = 81) of the injuries were fractures. There were 224 recommendations made for 79 incidents, and 19 incidents did not have any recommendations. The average number of improvement recommendations proposed per incident investigation was 2.3 (SD, 2.1; range, 0–9). Nineteen (8.5%), 80 (35.7%), and 125 (55.8%) recommendations were classified as strong, medium, and weak, respectively. Half of the investigative teams included representatives from more than one professional group. There were a significantly greater number of medium recommendations made by multi-disciplinary teams compared with single-disciplinary teams (odds ratio, 1.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–3.21). There was no significant difference in the number of strong and weak recommendations made between the 2 teams. Conclusions This study found that only 8.5% of recommendations were classified as strong. This suggests that a major challenge lies in formulating robust recommendations; hence, efforts should focus on enhancing the strength of improvement recommendations.
Signaling defects associated with insulin resistance in non-diabetic and diabetic individuals and modification by sex.

Insulin resistance is present in one-quarter of the general population, predisposing to a wide-range of diseases. Our aim was to identify cell-intrinsic determinants of insulin resistance in this population using IPS cell-derived myoblasts (iMyos). We found that these cells exhibited a large network of altered protein phosphorylation in vitro. Integrating these data with data from type-2-diabetic iMyos revealed critical sites of conserved altered phosphorylation in IRS-1, AKT, mTOR and TBC1D1, in addition to changes in protein phosphorylation involved in Rho/Rac signaling, chromatin organization and RNA processing. There were also striking differences in the phosphoproteome in cells from males versus females. These sex-specific and insulin resistance defects were linked to functional differences in downstream actions. Thus, there are cell-autonomous signaling alterations associated with insulin resistance within the general population and important differences in males and females, many of which are shared with diabetes, and contribute to differences in physiology and disease.
Primary mediastinal germ cell tumours: an immunohistochemical and molecular diagnostic approach

Primary mediastinal germ cell tumours (PMGCTs) are rare mediastinal neoplasms, and their diagnosis can be challenging, owing to small biopsy samples. The aim of this study was to develop a diagnostic algorithm using immunohistochemical staining, with a focus on novel markers, and molecular analysis of isochromosome 12p [i(12p)].
Comprehensive characterization of somatic variants associated with intronic polyadenylation in human cancers

Abstract Somatic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in cancer genome affect gene expression through various mechanisms depending on their genomic location. While somatic SNVs near canonical splice sites have been reported to cause abnormal splicing of cancer-related genes, whether these SNVs can affect gene expression through other mechanisms remains an open question. Here, we analyzed RNA sequencing and exome data from 4,998 cancer patients covering ten cancer types and identified 152 somatic SNVs near splice sites that were associated with abnormal intronic polyadenylation (IPA). IPA-associated somatic variants favored the localization near the donor splice sites compared to the acceptor splice sites. A proportion of SNV-associated IPA events overlapped with premature cleavage and polyadenylation events triggered by U1 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNP) inhibition. GC content, intron length and polyadenylation signal were three genomic features that differentiated between SNV-associated IPA and intron retention. Notably, IPA-associated SNVs were enriched in tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), including the well-known TSGs such as PTEN and CDH1 with recurrent SNV-associated IPA events. Minigene assay confirmed that SNVs from PTEN, CDH1, VEGFA, GRHL2, CUL3 and WWC2 could lead to IPA. This work reveals that IPA acts as a novel mechanism explaining the functional consequence of somatic SNVs in human cancer.
Flow Cytometric Detection of the Double-Positive (CD4þCD8þ)/PD-1bright T-Cell Subset Is Useful in Diagnosing Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma

Note: This article was posted on the Archives Web site as an Early Online Release. Early Online Release articles have been peer reviewed, copyedited, and reviewed by the authors. Additional changes or corrections may appear in these articles when they appear in a future print issue of the Archives. Early Online Release articles are citable by using the Digital Object Identifier (DOI), a unique number given to every article. The DOI will typically appear at the end of the abstract.
EFFECT OF PHARMACOLOGICAL PUPIL DILATION ON INTRAOCULAR LENS POWER CALCULATION IN PATIENTS INDICATED FOR CATARACT SURGERY.

PURPOSE To evaluate the influence of pupil dilation on ocular parameters measured by optical biometry and the influence of pupil dilation on intraocular lens (PC IOL) power calculation by using the third-generation (SRK/T) and the fourth-generation (Haigis) formula. METHODS 40 eyes of patients indicated for cataract surgery were included in this study. Each patient was examined by optical biometer firstly without artificial mydriasis (AM) and then after AM, which was achieved using local application of short-term acting mydriatics. Biometric data were measured by Lenstar LS 900 optical biometer, we recorded axial length of the eye (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT) and corneal astigmatism and optical power of cornea. These data we measured were used for calculation of the PC IOL optical power using both the SRK/T and the Haigis formula. The target postoperative refraction was set to emmetropia. Statistical analysis was performed for evaluation of influence of AM on each ocular parameter and influence of AM on the recommended PC IOL power calculated by the SRK/T and the Haigis formula. RESULTS No statistically significant effect of AM on AL, LT and keratometry was demonstrated. On the contrary we demonstrated significant effect on CCT and ACD. No effect of AM on the PC IOL power calculation using the SRK/T formula was proved - the PC IOL optical power before AM and after AM did not differ in any case. When using the Haigis formula for the PC IOL power calculation, the recommended optical power of the PC IOL changed by +0.5 Dpt in 9 eyes, i.e., 22.5 % of the whole group, but statistical analysis did not show this change as statistically significant. CONCLUSION Pharmacological dilation of the pupil significantly affects some intraocular parameters measured by optical biometer and in the case of using the Haigis formula it can influence recommended power of the PC IOL. Conversely, when using the SRK/T formula, pharmacological dilation of pupil does not affect the recommended PC IOL power.
Episodic Detectable Viremia Does Not Affect Prognosis in Untreated Compensated Cirrhosis With Serum Hepatitis B Virus DNA <2,000 IU/mL

INTRODUCTION: The necessity of antiviral therapy (AVT) for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected compensated cirrhosis with low-level viremia (LLV) is controversial. Herein, we evaluated its natural history. METHODS: From 3 tertiary hospitals, we enrolled untreated patients with compensated cirrhosis with persistent serum HBV-DNA levels <2,000 IU/mL; LLV was defined as having at least 1 detectable serum HBV-DNA (20–2,000 IU/mL) episode, whereas maintained virological response (MVR) was defined as having persistently undetectable serum HBV-DNA (<20 IU/mL). When serum HBV-DNA was ≥2,000 IU/mL during follow-up, AVT was administered according to guidelines. Study end points were development of cirrhotic complication event (CCE) or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). RESULTS: Among 567 patients analyzed, cumulative HCC risk at 3, 5, and 7 years was comparable between LLV (n = 391) vs MVR (n = 176) groups (5.7%, 10.7%, and 17.3% vs 7.2%, 15.5%, and 19.4%, respectively [P = 0.390]). CCE risk was also comparable between 2 groups (7.5%, 12.8%, and 13.7% vs 7.8%, 12.3%, and 14.6%, respectively [P = 0.880]). By multivariate analysis, LLV (vs MVR) was not associated with HCC or CCE risks, with adjusted hazard ratios of 1.422 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.694–2.913; P = 0.336) and 1.816 (95% CI: 0.843–3.911; P = 0.128), respectively. Inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis yielded comparable outcomes between 2 groups, regarding HCC and CCE risks with hazard ratios of 0.903 (95% CI: 0.528–1.546; P = 0.711) and 1.192 (95% CI: 0.675–2.105; P = 0.545), respectively. DISCUSSION: Episodic LLV among untreated patients with compensated cirrhosis does not increase the risk of disease progression compared with MVR status. Thus, the benefits of AVT for episodic LLV should be re-evaluated.
“They Aren’t Going to Do Jack Shit”: Text-Based Crisis Service Users’ Perceptions of Seeking Child Maltreatment-Related Support From Formal Systems

Many of the children reported to child protective services (CPS) exhibit signs and symptoms that allow others to recognize their abuse or neglect and intervene; others, especially adolescents, must disclose their experiences to be identified. Relatively little is known about young people’s disclosure experiences, but individual, interpersonal, and cultural factors appear to influence when and how young people disclose. Technology-facilitated approaches, such as text- or chat-based hotlines or crisis services, may be one way to help young people share their maltreatment experiences and seek help. The current study contributes to the small body of literature that includes nonsexual maltreatment disclosures and sheds some light on how to support young people during their disclosures. We conducted a qualitative content analysis of all conversations from a text-based crisis service that resulted in a report to CPS (n = 244). Many of the texters had previously sought support from their peers or parents, and some had engaged with more formal systems. Many young people were hesitant to reach out to formal systems in the future, in part because of negative experiences during past disclosure experiences. Young people may be more likely to seek support through their preferred communication medium, so providing text- and chat-based communication may be one way to encourage and facilitate disclosure. As these resources become increasingly available, determining best practices for receiving disclosures through technology-facilitated platforms will be critical.
Evaluating the effectiveness of ensemble voting in improving the accuracy of consensus signals produced by various DTWA algorithms from step-current signals generated during nanopore sequencing

Nanopore sequencing device analysis systems simultaneously generate multiple picoamperage current signals representing the passage of DNA or RNA nucleotides ratcheted through a biomolecule nanopore array by motor proteins. Squiggles are a noisy and time-distorted representation of an underlying nucleotide sequence, “gold standard model”, due to experimental and algorithmic artefacts. Other research fields use dynamic time warped-space averaging (DTWA) algorithms to produce a consensus signal from multiple time-warped sources while preserving key features distorted by standard, linear-averaging approaches. We compared the ability of DTW Barycentre averaging (DBA), minimize mean (MM) and stochastic sub-gradient descent (SSG) DTWA algorithms to generate a consensus signal from squiggle-space ensembles of RNA molecules Enolase, Sequin R1-71-1 and Sequin R2-55-3 without knowledge of their associated gold standard model. We propose techniques to identify the leader and distorted squiggle features prior to DTWA consensus generation. New visualization and warping-path metrics are introduced to compare consensus signals and the best estimate of the “true” consensus, the study’s gold standard model. The DBA consensus was the best match to the gold standard for both Sequin studies but was outperformed in the Enolase study. Given an underlying common characteristic across a squiggle ensemble, we objectively evaluate a novel “voting scheme” that improves the local similarity between the consensus signal and a given fraction of the squiggle ensemble. While the gold standard is not used during voting, the increase in the match of the final voted-on consensus to the underlying Enolase and Sequin gold standard sequences provides an indirect success measure for the proposed voting procedure in two ways: First is the decreased least squares warped distance between the final consensus and the gold model, and second, the voting generates a final consensus length closer to the known underlying RNA biomolecule length. The results suggest considerable potential in marrying squiggle analysis and voted-on DTWA consensus signals to provide low-noise, low-distortion signals. This will lead to improved accuracy in detecting nucleotides and their deviation model due to chemical modifications (a.k.a. epigenetic information). The proposed combination of ensemble voting and DTWA has application in other research fields involving time-distorted, high entropy signals.
Evidence of large systematic differences between countries in assigning ischaemic heart disease deaths to myocardial infarction: the contrasting examples of Russia and Norway.

BACKGROUND There is considerable variation in mortality rates from myocardial infarction (MI) across high-income countries, some of which may be artefactual. METHODS Time trends in mortality rates from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and MI were analysed for a set of high-income countries from the end of the 1970s. Using individual-level mortality data from Russia (2005-2017) and Norway (2005-2016), we investigated factors associated with the proportion of total IHD deaths certified as due to MI. RESULTS In most countries, MI mortality rates have dramatically declined from the 1970s. However, the share of MI in total IHD deaths varies substantially across countries. In Russia, only 12% of IHD deaths had MI assigned as the underlying cause vs 63% in Norway. IHD deaths occurring outside of hospital without autopsy were far less likely to be assigned as MI in Russia (2%) than in Norway (59%). CONCLUSIONS Although established international criteria for MI require specific clinical or post-mortem evidence, it appears that certifying specialists in different countries may interpret these criteria differently. At one extreme, Russian doctors may only assign MI as a cause of death when there is specific pathophysiological evidence. At the other extreme, their counterparts in Norway may be willing to specify MI as the cause even when this evidence is not available. Internationally established criteria for MI diagnosis are challenging to apply for out-of-hospital deaths. Differences between countries in how certifiers interpret these criteria may account for at least some of the international variation in MI mortality rates.
Preservation of phytase enzyme produced by anaerobic rumen bacteria, Mitsuokella jalaludinii

Poultry feed consists of feed ingredients like soybean meal and corn, which contain high levels of phytate that is poorly utilised especially by the monogastric animals that lack of phytase. Hence, phytase has been extensively applied as a feed supplement in poultry production due to the efficiency of this enzyme in improving phosphorous (P) availability, thus reducing P excretion to the environment as well as reducing the feed cost by reducing inorganic P supplementation. Mitsuokella jalaludinii, an obligate anaerobe, Gram-negative rumen bacterium, produces high phytase activity. Birds supplemented with bacterial preparation of M. jalaludinii showed comparable performance to that of commercial phytase. However, the anaerobic nature of this bacterium renders difficulty in the use of live cells as feed supplement in commercial poultry production. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine a suitable method to preserve phytase activity of M. jalaludinii regardless of cells viability. Mitsuokella jalaludinii was grown in MF medium under anaerobic condition and the cells were subjected to various treatments to preserve the enzyme, including bead beating, compressed air, moist heat, dry heat and freeze-drying under aerobic condition. The results showed that the total number of viable cells were significantly (p<0.05) reduced when the cells were subjected to bead beating, whereas no viable cells were detected for compressed air, moist heat, dry heat and freeze-drying. Bead beating, compressed air, moist heat and dry heat treatments resulted in the reduction of phytase activity. However, only freeze-drying method was able to preserve high level of phytase activity significantly (p<0.05).
Colorimetric parameters as a stability indicative of banana alcoholic extract submitted to storage

Studying the stability of the raw material as a function of the storage time is fundamental to establish the characteristics performance and to determine the period that it should be stored. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the stability of the alcoholic extract for 28 days of storage. It was performed in a completely randomized and split-plot design (3x5) with 3 repetitions and using the following formulation: 500 g of banana components (peel, pulp or peel plus pulp), 1000 mL of cereal alcohol 96 oGL and maceration process for fifteen days. Filtered alcoholic extracts were stored in a dark place at room temperature for analysis of colorimetric parameters Luminosity, hue, chroma, chromaticity a* and chromaticity b*. Results showed that storage period for 28 days significantly affected stability, promoting notable reduction in Luminosity, hue, chromaticity b* and chroma and also increased the Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 9, e884998227, 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.8227 2 chromaticity value chromaticity a*. It was observed that the banana pulp alcoholic extract showed the highest values for Luminosity and hue, and the banana peel alcoholic extract stood out in relation to the chromaticity chroma, chromaticity a* and chromaticity b*. The information obtained through colorimetric parameters can be used by the food industry to establish procedures that mitigate the effects of the storage period in the raw material, since the characteristics inherent to the raw material are significantly changed over time and result in changes in the quality of the final product.
Less Invasive Pediatric Spinal Deformity Surgery: The Case for Robotic-Assisted Placement of Pedicle Screws

Introduction: Pediatric spinal deformity involves a complex 3-dimensional (3D) deformity that increases the risk of pedicle screw placement due to the close proximity of neurovascular structures. To increase screw accuracy, improve patient safety, and minimize surgical complications, the placement of pedicle screws is evolving from freehand techniques to computer-assisted navigation and to the introduction of robotic-assisted placement. Purpose: The aim of this review was to review the current literature on the use of robotic navigation in pediatric spinal deformity surgery to provide both an error analysis of these techniques and to provide recommendations to ensure its safe application. Methods: A narrative review was conducted in April 2021 using the MEDLINE (PubMed) database. Studies were included if they were peer-reviewed retrospective or prospective studies, included pediatric patients, included a primary diagnosis of pediatric spine deformity, utilized robotic-assisted spinal surgery techniques, and reported thoracic or lumbar pedicle screw breach rates or pedicle screw malpositioning. Results: In the few studies published on the use of robotic techniques in pediatric spinal deformity surgery, several found associations between the technology and increased rates of screw placement accuracy, reduced rates of breach, and minimal complications. All were retrospective studies. Conclusions: Current literature is of a low level of evidence; nonetheless, the findings suggest the accuracy and safety of robotic-assisted spinal surgery in pediatric pedicle screw placement. The introduction of robotics may drive further advances in less invasive pediatric spinal deformity surgery. Further study is warranted.
The aesthetics of political resistance: On silent politics

This article analyses the aesthetics of silent political resistance by focusing on refugees’ silent political action. The starting point for the analysis is Jacques Rancière’s philosophy and his theorisation of the aesthetics of politics. The article enquires into the aesthetic meaning of silent refugee activism and interprets how refugees’ silent acts of resistance can constitute aesthetically effective resistance to what can be called the ‘speech system’ of statist, representative democracy. The article analyses silence as a political tactic and interprets the emancipatory meaning of silent politics for refugees. It argues that refugees’ silent acts of political resistance can powerfully affect aesthetic, political subversion in prevailing legal-political contexts.
Progress outside of paradise: Old and new comparative approaches to contentious politics

Descriptive or ethnographic studies were once the stock-in-trade of the comparative politics of non-Western areas and illiberal states. The last few decades have seen a dramatic growth in quantitative—or at least systematic—studies of these systems. This marks real progress, but, in the process, some of the advantages of ethnographic and “unit-contextual” studies have been lost. The contributors to this symposium have used ethnographic methods—often in combination with other methods—to examine and compare episodes of contentious politics in a number of these countries. Drawing on some of the “classics” of comparative politics, this article emphasizes both the continuities and the departures of the new generation of “ethnography plus” research efforts represented in this symposium.