Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrochemical composition and irrigation water quality of Lerma-Chapala river system, México

The Lerma River originates in the Almoloya lagoon, in Mexico State. It is 750 km. long and belongs to the Lerma Santiago-Pacifico basin, one of the most important in Mexico due to its intense agricultural and industrial activity. To carry out this research, during the summer and autumn of 2013, water samples were collected and analyzed from 39 sampling stations the Lerma-Chapala river system. The objective was to know the hydrochemical composition and agronomic quality of the water in the Lerma river and lake Chapala through the determination of variables: Ca2+ , Mg2+ , Na+ , K+ , CO3 2- , HCO3 - , Cl- , SO4 2- , total dissolved solids (TDS), hydrogen potential (pH), electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). The results indicated that the type of water is sodic-bicarbonated and mixed bicarbonated, which was attributed to the discharges of wastewater and the water supply from tributary rivers in the Lerma-Chapala Basin. The concentration of TDS was low (< 674 mg L-1 ). The EC displayed values between 0.307 and 1.129 dS m-1 , which is why, in 66.6% of the sampling stations, water has no use restriction for agricultural irrigation. SAR average was 2.2 meq L-1 ; the joint EC-SAR values suggested the classification of water as C2-S1 (74.4%) and C3-S1 (25.6%), indicating its suitability for agricultural irrigation.
Fault tolerant path following for a quadrotor

This paper presents a path following controller for a quadrotor UAV experiencing a single rotor failure. A smooth, dynamic feedback control law is proposed that allows the quadrotor to follow both closed and non-closed embedded curves while maintaining a desired velocity profile along the path when one out of four motors is completely disabled due to failure. The nonlinear model of the quadrotor is transformed into a partially linear model by a coordinate and feedback transformation. A path following controller is designed for transformed system that guarantees invariance of the path. The uncontrolled nonlinear portion of the dynamics (internal dynamics) are shown to be bounded.
How the brain perceives causality: an event-related fMRI study

Detection of the causal relationships between events is fundamental for understanding the world around us. We report an event-related fMRI study designed to investigate how the human brain processes the perception of mechanical causality. Subjects were presented with mechanically causal events (in which a ball collides with and causes movement of another ball) and non-causal events (in which no contact is made between the balls). There was a significantly higher level of activation of V5/MT/MST bilaterally, the superior temporal sulcus bilaterally and the left intraparietal sulcus to causal relative to non-causal events. Directing attention to the causal nature of the stimuli had no significant effect on the neural processing of the causal events. These results support theories of causality suggesting that the perception of elementary mechanical causality events is automatically processed by the visual system.
Hierarchical Clustering of Words and Application to NLP Tasks

This paper describes a data-driven method for hierarchical clustering of words and clustering of multiword compounds. A large vocabulary of English words (70,000 words) is clustered bottom-up, with respect to corpora ranging in size from 5 million to 50 million words, using mutual information as an objective function. The resulting hierarchical clusters of words are then naturally transformed to a bit-string representation of (i.e. word bits for) all the words in the vocabulary. Evaluation of the word bits is carried out through the measurement of the error rate of the ATR Decision-Tree Part-Of-Speech Tagger. The same clustering technique is then applied to the classification of multiword compounds. In order to avoid the explosion of the number of compounds to be handled, compounds in a small subclass are bundled and treated as a single compound. Another merit of this approach is that we can avoid the data sparseness problem which is ubiquitous in corpus statistics. The quality of one of the obtained compound classes is examined and compared to a conventional approach.
Insight-Based Studies for Pathway and Microarray Visualization Tools

Pathway diagrams, similar to the graph diagrams using a node-link representation, are used by biologists to represent complex interactions at the molecular level in living cells. The recent shift towards data-intensive bioinformatics and systems-level science has created a strong need for advanced pathway visualization tools that support exploratory data analysis. User studies suggest that an important requirement for biologists is the need to associate microarray data to pathway diagrams. A design space for visualization tools that allow analysis of microarray data in pathway context was identified for a systematic evaluation of the visualization alternatives. The design space is divided into two dimensions. Dimension 1 is based on the method used to overlay data attributes onto pathway nodes. The three possible approaches are: overlay of data on pathway nodes one data attribute at a time by manipulating a visual property (e.g. color) of the node, along with sliders or some such mechanism to animate the pathway for other timepoints. In another approach data from all the attributes in data can be overlaid simultaneously by embedding small charts (e.g., line charts or heatmap) into pathway nodes. The third approach uses miniature version of the pathways-as-glyph view for each attribute in the data. Dimension 2 decides if additional view besides pathway diagrams were used. These pathway visualizations are often linked to other type of visualization methods (e.g., parallel co-ordinates) using the concept of brushing and linking. The visualization alternatives from pathway + microarray data design space were evaluated by conducting two independent user studies. Both the studies used timeseries datasets. The first study used visualization alternatives from both dimension 1 and dimension 2. The results suggest that the method to overlay multidimensional data on pathway nodes has a non trivial influence on accuracy of participants’ responses, whereas the number of visualizations affect participants’ performance time for pre-selected tasks. The second study used visualization alternatives from dimension 1 that focuses on method used to overlay data attributes on pathway nodes. The study suggests that participants using pathway visualization that display data one attribute at a time on nodes have more controlled performance for all type of tasks as compared to the participants using other alternatives. Participants using pathway visualization that display data in node-as-glyphs view have better performance for tasks that require analysis for a single node, and identifying outlier nodes. Whereas, pathway visualizations with pathways-asglyph view provide better performance on tasks that require analysis of overall changes in the pathway, and identifying interesting timepoints in the data. An insight-based method was designed to evaluate visualization tools for real world biologists’ data analysis scenarios. The insight-based method uses different quantifiable characteristics of an ‘insight’ that can be measured uniformly across participants.
ON THE STRENGTH OF CONNECTEDNESS OF A RANDOM GRAPH

If G is an arbitrary non-complete graph, let cp(G) denote the least number к such that by deleting к appropriately chosen vertices from G (i. e. deleting the к points in question and all edges starting from these points) the result­ ing graph is not connected. If G is a complete graph of order n, we put cv(G) = n — 1. Let ce(G) denote the least number / such that by deleting / appropriately chosen edges from G the resulting graph is not connected. We may measure the strength of connectedness of G by any of the numbers cP(G), c(G ) and in a certain sense (if G is known to be connected) also by c(G). Evidently one has
Area Optimisation in SystemC Hardware Compilation �

Hardware compilation translates a program written in a high-level language into a description of a hardware circuit. Hardware compilation shortens development time compared to traditional hardware design. However, currently it often produces less efficient hardware, measured in speed and logic area. This report describes three methods to improve logic area of a design. The first method is resource sharing, in which hardware resources are automatically shared between arithmetic operations in a program, such that no two operations access a particular resource at the same time. The second method is concerned with function exlining, where the hardware associated with a function is mapped to a separate piece of hardware that is shared between calls to the function. Finally, the last method maps SystemC arrays to memory, rather than to less efficient general-purpose hardware. In this method, array accesses must be mapped to memory ports such that no port is ever accessed more than once in the same clock cycle. The three methods have been implemented in a commercial SystemC hardware compiler. Experiments are performed to assess their benefits for an industrial design in ASIC and FPGA. The design and implementation of the methods described in this thesis draw on several software engineering techniques, including the use of abstract specifications, object-oriented design, functional programming, and discrete mathematics.
WSN key management scheme based on fully bomomorphic encryption

Improving the safe WSN's real-time, energy consumption, and anti-leak is an important research problem. Based on specific operations as addition, multiplication, and so on. Fully homomorphic encryption can manipulate the ciphertext directly to get the correct results without decryption. Because fully homomorphic encryption's process of the decryption can be omitted, the safe WSN's characteristics such as real-time and so on can be improved effectively. Key management is an important problem of fully homomorphic encryption, in which the ability to anti-capture in WSN comes first. In this paper, based on the calculation algorithm of two element symmetrical polynomials proposed by Blundo, we propose a pairwise key establishment scheme by introducing fully homomorphic encryption, which does not only prevent enemy intercepting information about polynomial relation, but also resist the large-scale node capture attack successfully. Analysis and experiments show that this scheme can totally meet the requirements of resource, energy consumption and so on of WSN, and improve the security of WSN at the meantime.
Intensive voice treatment (LSVT®) for patients with Parkinson's disease: a 2 year follow up

OBJECTIVES To assess long term (24 months) effects of the Lee Silverman voice treatment (LSVT®), a method designed to improve vocal function in patients with Parkinson's disease. METHODS Thirty three patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease were stratified and randomly assigned to two treatment groups. One group received the LSVT®, which emphasises high phonatory-respiratory effort. The other group received respiratory therapy (RET), which emphasises high respiratory effort alone. Patients in both treatment groups sustained vowel phonation, read a passage, and produced a monologue under identical conditions before, immediately after, and 24 months after speech treatment. Change in vocal function was measured by means of acoustic analyses of voice loudness (measured as sound pressure level, or SPL) and inflection in voice fundamental frequency (measured in terms of semitone standard deviation, or STSD). RESULTS The LSVT® was significantly more effective than the RET in improving (increasing) SPL and STSD immediately post-treatment and maintaining those improvements at 2 year follow up. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide evidence for the efficacy of the LSVT® as well as the long term maintenance of these effects in the treatment of voice and speech disorders in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
Discovery and fusion of salient multimodal features toward news story segmentation

In this paper, we present our new results in news video story segmentation and classification in the context of TRECVID video retrieval benchmarking event 2003. We applied and extended the Maximum Entropy statistical model to effectively fuse diverse features from multiple levels and modalities, including visual, audio, and text. We have included various features such as motion, face, music/speech types, prosody, and high-level text segmentation information. The statistical fusion model is used to automatically discover relevant features contributing to the detection of story boundaries. One novel aspect of our method is the use of a feature wrapper to address different types of features -- asynchronous, discrete, continuous and delta ones. We also developed several novel features related to prosody. Using the large news video set from the TRECVID 2003 benchmark, we demonstrate satisfactory performance (F1 measures up to 0.76 in ABC news and 0.73 in CNN news), present how these multi-level multi-modal features construct the probabilistic framework, and more importantly observe an interesting opportunity for further improvement.
Retinal straylight as a function of age and ocular biometry in healthy eyes.

PURPOSE To determine the dependency of straylight on ocular biometry. METHODS This prospective study included 518 eyes of 277 volunteers of diverse ethnic backgrounds with healthy eyes of various iris colors. The eyes had retinal straylight tested using a commercial psychophysical device. Ocular axial length and refraction were also measured with an ocular biometer and an autorefractometer, respectively. RESULTS The measured retinal straylight was validated by comparing data with the age model described in the literature as log(s) = P(1) + log[1 + (age/65)(4)], where P(1) is the logarithm of the average straylight for the eyes of a newborn. The data agreed well with this model, although P(1) was slightly higher (0.931 vs. 0.87). When this model was subtracted from the measured straylight values, a quadratic increase was found in the function of axial length, L: log(s) = 0.931 + log[1 + (age/65)(4)] + (0.01089L(2) - 0.4820L + 5.330). A similar model was defined for the spherical equivalent refraction SE. This corresponds to an increasing amount of straylight for increasing degrees of myopia. No correlation was found with keratometry and corneal astigmatism or with iris color. CONCLUSIONS Retinal straylight increases not only with age, but also with axial length. Further study is needed to identify the cause of this dependency.
Introducing RiskSOAP to communicate the distributed situation awareness of a system about safety issues: an application to a robotic system

Abstract This paper introduces the RiskSOAP (‘RiskSOAP’ is the abbreviation for Risk SituatiOn Awareness Provision.) indicator to measure the capability of a complex socio-technical system to provide its agents with situation awareness (SA) about the presence of its threats and vulnerabilities and enables analysts to assess distributed SA. The RiskSOAP methodology adopts a comparative approach between two design versions of a system differing in the elements and characteristics that can enhance or cause the degradation of the awareness provision capability. The methodology uniquely combines three methods: (1) the STPA hazard analysis, (2) the EWaSAP early warning sign identification approach, and (3) a dissimilarity measure for calculating the distance between binary sets. In this paper, the RiskSOAP methodology was applied to a robotic system and the findings show that the indicator is an objective measure for the system’s capability to provide its agents with SA about its threats and vulnerabilities. Practitioner Summary: This paper suggests a novel methodology for assessing distributed situation awareness (DSA) regarding safety issues. Given that systems consist of specifications and components possible to be mapped, the risk SA provision capability (RiskSOAP) methodology demonstrates the feasibility of measuring to what extent systems’ elements contribute to the emergence of DSA.
The First Depiction of Two Superimposed Geographical Surfaces in One Autostereoscopic Map: Antarctica’s Topography and the Southern Ocean Seafloor

ABSTRACT Within the past 10–15 years true-3D lenticular cartography has experienced a remarkable boost. In the course of this development, besides studies into its potential for thematic-cartographic representations, the synoptic depiction of physical surfaces (‘geo[graphical] surfaces’) has been playing a significant role. In this context the innovative holistic display of complex morphological and topographical conditions is of particular interest. The simultaneous representation of various cartographic parameters at different depths will deliver an enormous surplus of information transfer in the field of thematic cartography as well as in physical/topographic cartography. This paper describes the methodological development and generation of an autostereoscopic hardcopy display of Antarctic topography. The purpose was the simultaneous depiction of the two superimposed surfaces of both the ice-sheet and the rock-bed and, in addition, of the surrounding seafloor, thus displaying a vertical drop of more than 12,000 m.
A copper sulfate and hydroxylysine treatment regimen for enhancing collagen cross‐linking and biomechanical properties in engineered neocartilage

The objective of this study was to improve the biomechanical properties of engineered neotissues through promoting the development of collagen cross‐links. It was hypothesized that supplementing medium with copper sulfate and the amino acid hydroxylysine would enhance the activity of lysyl oxidase enzyme to form collagen cross‐links, increasing the strength and integrity of the neotissue. Neocartilage constructs were generated using a scaffoldless, self‐assembling process and treated with copper sulfate and hydroxylysine, either alone or in combination, following a 2‐factor, full‐factorial study design. Following a 6‐wk culture period, the biomechanical and biochemical properties of the constructs were measured. Results found copper sulfate to significantly increase pyridinoline (PYR) cross‐links in all copper sulfate‐containing groups over controls. When copper sulfate and hydroxylysine were combined, the result was synergistic, with a 10‐fold increase in PYR content over controls. This increase in PYR cross‐links manifested in a 3.3‐fold significant increase in the tensile properties of the copper sulfate + hydroxylysine group. In addition, an 123% increase over control values was detected in the copper sulfate group in terms of the aggregate modulus. These data elucidate the role of copper sulfate and hydroxylysine toward improving the biomechanical properties of neotissues through collagen cross‐linking enhancement. —Makris, E. A. , MacBarb, R. F. , Responte, D. J., Hu, J. C. , Athanasiou, K. A. A copper sulfate and hydroxylysine treatment regimen for enhancing collagen cross‐linking and biomechanical properties in engineered neocartilage. FASEB J. 27, 2421–2430 (2013). www.fasebj. org
AN INFLUENCE OF SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC VARIABLES ON WORD FORM RETRIEVAL

We report the case of DPI, an aphasic patient who shows a phonological impairment in production that spares certain syntactic and semantic categories. On a picture naming task, he produces mostly phono-logical paraphasias, and the probability of producing a correct response depends on the frequency and length of the target word. This deficit occurs in the presence of spared ability to find the grammatical gender of the items that he cannot name, intact conceptual knowledge, and very good reading and word repetition. Therefore, we conclude that DPI's deficit is restricted to the phonological retrieval of a correctly selected lexical entry. However, production errors are not uniform across semantic and syntactic domains. Numerals and names of days and months are totally spared compared to matched controls. In addition, abstract nouns and verbs are significantly less affected than concrete nouns, even when variables affecting phonological retrieval (frequency, length, syllabic structure) are controlled for. This suggests that a functional organisation in terms of semantic and syntactic variables exists at the level of phonological retrieval. We discuss these findings in light of current models of speech production.
77-4 Hydrographic and Biological Observations at an Anchor Station Off St. Augustine, Florida (Eastward Cruise E-1G-75)

This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in CCPO Publications by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact digitalcommons@odu.edu. Repository Citation Atkinson, Larry P.; Paffenhofer, Gustav A. ; and Dunstan, William M. , "77-4 Hydrographic and Biological Observations at an Anchor Station Off St. Augustine, Florida (Eastward Cruise E-1G-75)" (1975). CCPO Publications. Paper 176. http://digitalcommons.odu.edu/ccpo_pubs/176
Incidence and Risk Factors of Recurrence After Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Vertebrobasilar Dissecting Aneurysms

Background and Purpose— The incidence and risk factors for recurrence after endovascular treatment of intracranial vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms (VBDAs) have not been studied. We aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for recurrence after endovascular treatment of VBDAs. Methods— A total of 111 patients (mean age, 45±10 years) underwent endovascular treatment for 119 VBDAs (ruptured/unruptured=73:46). Incidence and risk factors for recurrence were retrospectively evaluated. Results— Sixty-two VBDAs were treated by a reconstructive technique by using 1 to 3 overlapping stents with or without coiling, and 57 VBDAs were treated by a deconstructive technique by using proximal occlusion or internal trapping at the dissected segment of the parent artery. Follow-up angiography was available for 97 VBDAs (81.5%) in 89 patients at 3 days to 48 months (median, 13 months) after treatment. There were 13 recurrences: 6 had rebleeding but 7 had no rebleeding. All 6 hemorrhagic recurrences had initially presented with a ruptured form. Ten recurrences were confirmed by angiography, but 3 recurrences with rebleeding did not receive follow-up angiography. The rate of post-treatment recurrence did not differ between reconstructive and deconstructive treatments. Involvement of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery origin (odds ratio=8.026; 95% confidence interval, 1.561 to 41.259; P=0.013) was the only independent risk factor for recurrence. Conclusions— There was a 13% recurrence after endovascular treatment of VBDAs. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery origin involvement was the only independent risk factor for recurrence after endovascular treatment of VBDAs.