Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spin-weighted spherical harmonics and their application for the construction of tensor slepian functions on the spherical cap

The spin-weighted spherical harmonics of Newman and Penrose (1966) form an orthonormal basis of L²(Ω) on the unit sphere Ω and have a huge field of applications. We present a unified mathematical theory, which implies the collection of already known properties of the spin-weighted spherical harmonics, recapitulated in a mathematical way, and connected to the notation of the spherical harmonics. In addition, we use spin-weighted spherical harmonics to construct tensor Slepian functions on the sphere. Slepian functions are spatially concentrated and spectrally limited. For scalar and vectorial data on the sphere, they are utilized in a variety of disciplines, including geodesy, cosmology, and biomedical imaging. Their concentration within a chosen region of the sphere allows for local inversions when only regional data are available, or enable the extraction of regional information. We focus on the analysis of tensorial fields, as collected e.g.~in the GOCE mission, by means of Slepian functions. For tensorial data, Slepian functions have already been constructed by Eshagh (2009) in the basis of the tensor spherical harmonics of Martinec (2003). By using spin-weighted spherical harmonics, our theory offers several numerical advantages. Furthermore, we present a method for an efficient construction of tensor Slepian functions for spherical caps. In this context, we are able to construct a localized basis on the spherical cap for the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization. Die spin-gewichteten Kugelflachenfunktionen, definiert von Newman und Penrose (1966), bilden eine Orthonormalbasis des L²(Ω) auf der Einheitssphare Ω und haben ein breit gefachertes Anwendungsgebiet. Wir prasentieren eine einheitliche mathematische Theorie der spin-gewichteten Kugelflachenfunktionen inklusive Auflistung ihrer bereits bekannten Eigenschaften auf mathematische Weise, verknupft mit der Notation der Theorie der Kugelflachenfunktionen. Des Weiteren verwenden wir die spin-gewichteten Kugelflachenfunktionen zur Konstruktion tensorieller Slepian-Funktionen auf der Sphare. Slepian-Funktionen sind raumlich konzentriert und spektral begrenzt. Fur skalare und vektorielle Messdaten auf der Sphare werden sie in diversen Bereichen wie Geodasie, Kosmologie und der biomedizinischen Bildgebung verwendet. Ihre Konzentriertheit in einer ausgewahlten Region auf der Sphare ermoglicht die lokale Inversion, wenn nur regionale Messdaten gegeben sind oder ermoglichen es, regionale Information zu extrahieren. Wir konzentrieren uns auf die Analyse von Tensorfeldern mit Hilfe von Slepian-Funktionen, wie sie z.B. von der Satellitenmission GOCE stammen. Unsere Konstruktion mit spin-gewichteten Kugelflachenfunktionen erzielt fur tensorwertige Felder diverse numerische Vorteile und erlaubt eine effizientere Konstruktion der tensoriellen Slepian-Funktionen fur spharische Kappen, z.B. eine lokale Basis auf der spharischen Kappe fur die Polarisation der kosmischen Hintergrundstrahlung (CMB).
Evolution des peuplements et des populations de micromammifères terrestres de foret tropicale a la suite de la fragmentation de leur habitat : l'exemple du barrage de petit saut (Guyane française)

A la suite de la mise en eau, en janvier 1994, du barrage de petit saut en Guyane francaise, il a ete possible de suivre l'evolution de la faune micro mammalienne terrestre (rongeurs et marsupiaux) pendant et apres la fragmentation de l'habitat, en effectuant des comparaisons longitudinales (effet temps) et transversales (effet site) des peuplements et des populations sur le lieu-dit saint Eugene. Deux principales methodes de suivi ont ete utilisees : le piegeage sur quadrat (capture-marquage-recapture) pour l'etude de la demographie et de la dynamique des populations, et la radio telemetrie pour l'etude de l'utilisation de l'espace par les individus. En outre, les sites d'etude ont ete definis du point de vue des caracteristiques de l'habitat et de la disponibilite en ressources. Nos resultats revelent qu'il existe a la fois : - une reponse globale au niveau de l'ensemble du peuplement, qui se traduit par une diminution de l'abondance et de la diversite des micromammiferes sur tous les sites etudies, la chute de diversite etant neanmoins plus rapide sur les iles que sur la terre ferme, puisqu'elle est deja accusee, un an seulement apres la mise en eau du barrage. - et une reponse locale : des especes tres abondantes avant l'inondation (oryzomys spp. ) Ont disparu de la zone fragmentee des 1995, alors qu'elles se sont maintenues a de faibles densites sur la terre ferme. En revanche, les populations de proechimys ont persiste sur les iles, mais ont disparu sur le site de reference. Les peuplements insulaires ont ete domines par un petit nombre d'especes jusqu'en 1995, puis principalement par une espece generaliste, proechimys cuvieri, a partir de 1996. L'evolution des populations a l'interieur des sites et les comparaisons entre les sites sont analysees en fonction des principales caracteristiques biologiques des especes (sex-ratio, âge, survie, deplacements, domaines vitaux, predation) et des differents criteres ecologiques des sites (taille, degre d'isolement, disponibilites trophiques, qualite des habitats). Nos resultats demontrent une evolution notable a court terme des communautes et des populations de micromammiferes terrestres a la suite de l'inondation et de la fragmentation de leur habitat, ce qui semble etre de d'une part aux effets directs de ces perturbations, et ce qui pourrait relever, de l'autre, de la dynamique naturelle des populations. Ils sont compares aux resultats d'autres travaux menes en region tropicale et sont interpretes a la lueur des modeles et theories de la biogeographie insulaire, des populations minimales viables et des metapopulations.
Lasso adjustments of treatment effect estimates in randomized experiments

We provide a principled way for investigators to analyze randomized experiments when the number of covariates is large. Investigators often use linear multivariate regression to analyze randomized experiments instead of simply reporting the difference of means between treatment and control groups. Their aim is to reduce the variance of the estimated treatment effect by adjusting for covariates. If there are a large number of covariates relative to the number of observations, regression may perform poorly because of overfitting. In such cases, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) may be helpful. We study the resulting Lasso-based treatment effect estimator under the Neyman–Rubin model of randomized experiments. We present theoretical conditions that guarantee that the estimator is more efficient than the simple difference-of-means estimator, and we provide a conservative estimator of the asymptotic variance, which can yield tighter confidence intervals than the difference-of-means estimator. Simulation and data examples show that Lasso-based adjustment can be advantageous even when the number of covariates is less than the number of observations. Specifically, a variant using Lasso for selection and ordinary least squares (OLS) for estimation performs particularly well, and it chooses a smoothing parameter based on combined performance of Lasso and OLS.
Basic Facts About Low-income Children: Children Under 18 Years, 2011

Children represent 24 percent of the population, but they comprise 34 percent of all people in poverty.1 Among all children under 18 years of age, 45 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (22 percent) live in poor families. Being a child in a lowincome or poor family does not happen by chance. There are a range of factors associated with children’s experiences of economic insecurity, including race/ethnicity and parents’ education and employment. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of children and their parents. It highlights the important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
Quantification des émissions atmosphériques diffuses produites par érosion éolienne

Differentes contraintes d'ordre environnementales, economiques et reglementaires motivent les efforts actuels pour comprendre et mieux quantifier l'erosion eolienne. La particularite majeure de cette source de pollution atmospherique porte sur son caractere diffus qui impose, contrairement aux emissions canalisees, le recours a des methodes de quantification basees sur des modeles. Dans ces derniers, certains aspects n'ont pas ete pleinement apprehendes, notamment l'influence sur l'erosion de la large repartition granulometrique des materiaux granulaires. En outre, l’exposition eolienne des tas de stockage sur sites industriels, et par suite les emissions provenant de cette source, sont tributaires de nombreux parametres, tels que la geometrie et la disposition des tas ainsi que les conditions de l'ecoulement, d'ou la necessite d'etudier finement les variations des caracteristiques de l'ecoulement autour des tas avec la modification de ces parametres. L’objectif de ce travail est d’ameliorer la precision des modeles de quantification des emissions diffuses, en creant des bases de donnees precises et detaillees. Des simulations numeriques ont ete mises au point et validees, visant a etudier l'ecoulement autour de geometries de tas tridimensionnelles, en faisant varier les configurations et les conditions de vent. Une seconde approche, locale, a ete mise en œuvre et consiste a caracteriser l'ecoulement en etudiant notamment l'evolution de la vitesse de frottement a la paroi en presence d'elements non-erodibles pour differentes configurations et densites de rugosites. Les donnees serviront a ameliorer la precision, la performance ainsi que le domaine d'application des modeles de quantification
Epigenesis: The newer synthesis?

Despite its importance, the linkage between genetic and cultural evolution has until now been little explored. An understanding of this linkage is needed to extend evolutionary theory so that it can deal for the first time with the phenomena of mind and human social history. We characterize the process of gene-culture coevolution, in which culture is shaped by biological imperatives while biological traits are simultaneously altered by genetic evolution in response to cultural history. A case is made from both theory and evidence that genetic and cultural evolution are inseverable, and that the human mind has tended to evolve so as to bias individuals toward certain patterns of cognition and choice rather than others. With the aid of mathematical models we trace the coevolutionary circuit: The genes prescribe structure in developmental pathways that lay down endocrine and neural systems, imposing regularities in the development of cognition and behavior; these regularities (loosely labeled "epigenetic rules") translate upward into holistic patterns of culture, which can be predicted in the form of probability density distributions (ethnographic curves); natural selection acts within human history to favor certain epigenetic rules over others; and the selection alters the frequencies of the underlying genes. The effects of genetic and cultural changes reverberate throughout the circuit and are consequently tested with the passage of each life cycle. In addition to modeling gene-culture coevolution, we apply methods from island biogeography and information theory to examine the cultural capacity of the genes, the factors determining the magnitude of cultural diversity, and the possible reasons for the uniqueness of the human achievement.
KAJIAN AKURASI CITRA SATELIT WORLDVIEW 4 PADA PEMBUATAN PETA DASAR PENDAFTARAN TANAH

Tanah merupakan suatu sumber daya alam yang dapat dimiliki. Persediaan tanah yang terbatas dapat menimbulkan konflik kepentingan atau sengketa atas tanah. Pada tahun 2017 pemerintah memulai lagi pemetaan lengkap melalui PTSL. Metode pengukuran dan pemetaan yang digunakan dalam PTSL telah mengakomodir metode penginderaan jauh untuk mempercepat proses pengukuran di lapangan maupun proses pemetaan lengkap dalam suatu wilayah desa atau kelurahan. Kegiatan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah mengkaji akurasi citra WorldView 4 dalam pembuatan peta dasar pendaftaran tanah. Proses pengolahan citra dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Toutin’s , Thine plate spline, dan Polynomial. Hasil orthorektifikasi ketiga metode tersebut dibandingkan akurasinya berdasarkan Perka BIG Nomor 15 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pedoman Teknis Ketelitian Peta Dasar dan PNMA Nomor 3 Tahun 1997 Tentang Pedoman Teknis Ketelitian Peta Dasar Pendaftaran. Citra dengan akurasi terbaik digunakan untuk menganalisis perbedaan luas dan pergeseran bidang tanah antara gambar ukur dengan delineasi luas pada citra. Nilai akurasi horizontal (CE90) hasil ortorektifikasi metode Toutin’s , Thine plate spline, dan Polynomial masing-masing yaitu 0,438 meter, 0,559 meter dan 0,565 meter sedangkan, nilai RMSE ketelitian planimetrisnya 0,183, 0,206 dan 0,210. Dari pengujian yang dilakukan, seluruh metode orthorektifikasi yang dihasilkan memenuhi standar ketelitian geometri peta RBI serta ketelitian planimetrik peta dasar pendaftaran. Pada uji luas bidang terdapat 7 sampel bidang pada permukiman, 7 sampel bidang pada persawahan dan semua sampel bidang pada kebun yang tidak memenuhi toleransi. Rata-rata pergeseran nilai X permukiman sebesar ±1,759 meter, sedangkan rata-rata pergeseran nilai Y sebesar ±1,463 meter. Pada kategori persawahan didapatkan hasil pergeseran rata-rata nilai X sebesar ± 1,876 meter dan pergeseran nilai Y sebesar ±1,719 meter. Pada kategori kebun pergeseran rata-rata nilai X sebesar ± 1,017 meter dan pergeseran nilai Y sebesar ±1,738 meter.
WHAT DO EXPERTS KNOW ABOUT FORECASTING JOURNAL QUALITY? A COMPARISON WITH ISI RESEARCH IMPACT IN FINANCE

Experts possess knowledge and information that are not publicly available. The paper is concerned with forecasting academic journal quality and research impact using a survey of international experts from a national project on ranking academic finance journals in Taiwan. A comparison is made with publicly available bibliometric data, namely the Thomson Reuters ISI Web of Science citations database (hereafter ISI) for the Business - Finance (hereafter Finance) category. The paper analyses the leading international journals in Finance using expert scores and quantifiable Research Assessment Measures (RAMs), and highlights the similarities and differences in the expert scores and alternative RAMs, where the RAMs are based on alternative transformations of citations taken from the ISI database. Alternative RAMs may be calculated annually or updated daily to answer the perennial questions as to When, Where and How (frequently) published papers are cited (see Chang et al. (2011a, b, c)). The RAMs include the most widely used RAM, namely the classic 2-year impact factor including journal self citations (2YIF), 2-year impact factor excluding journal self citations (2YIF*), 5-year impact factor including journal self citations (5YIF), Immediacy (or zero-year impact factor (0YIF)), Eigenfactor, Article Influence, C3PO (Citation Performance Per Paper Online), h-index, PI-BETA (Papers Ignored - By Even The Authors), 2-year Self-citation Threshold Approval Ratings (2Y-STAR), Historical Self-citation Threshold Approval Ratings (H-STAR), Impact Factor Inflation (IFI), and Cited Article Influence (CAI). As data are not available for 5YIF, Article Influence and CAI for 13 of the leading 34 journals considered, 10 RAMs are analysed for 21 highly-cited journals in Finance. The harmonic mean of the ranks of the 10 RAMs for the 34 highly-cited journals are also presented. It is shown that emphasizing the 2-year impact factor of a journal, which partly answers the question as to When published papers are cited, to the exclusion of other informative RAMs, which answer Where and How (frequently) published papers are cited, can lead to a distorted evaluation of journal impact and influence relative to the Harmonic Mean rankings. A linear regression model is used to forecast expert scores on the basis of RAMs that capture journal impact, journal policy, the number of high quality papers, and quantitative information about a journal. The robustness of the rankings is also analysed.
A Knowledge Task-Based Framework for Design and Evaluation of Information Visualizations

The design and evaluation of most current information visualization systems descend from an emphasis on a user’s ability to “unpack” the representations of data of interest and operate on them independently. Too often, successful decision-making and analysis are more a matter of serendipity and user experience than of intentional design and specific support for such tasks; although humans have considerable abilities in analyzing relationships from data, the utility of visualizations remains relatively variable across users, data sets, and domains. In this paper, we discuss the notion of analytic gaps , which represent obstacles faced by visualizations in facilitating higher-level analytic tasks, such as decision-making and learning. We discuss support for bridging the analytic gap, propose a framework for design and evaluation of information visualization systems, and demonstrate its use.
Time‐varying consumption tax, productive government spending, and aggregate instability

In this paper we study the dynamics of an economy with productive government spending under the assumption that the government balances its budget by levying endogenous non-linear consumption taxes. For standard specifcation of the utility function and production function, we prove that under counter-cyclical consumption taxes, while there exists a unique balanced growth path, sunspot equilibria based on self-fulfilling expectations occur through a form of global indeterminacy.
Cognitive Networks Achieve Throughput Scaling of a Homogeneous Network

Two distinct, but overlapping, networks that operate at the same time, space, and frequency is considered. The first network consists of n randomly distributed primary users, which form an ad hoc network. The second network again consists of m randomly distributed ad hoc secondary users or cognitive users. The primary users have priority access to the spectrum and do not need to change their communication protocol in the presence of the secondary users. The secondary users, however, need to adjust their protocol based on knowledge about the locations of the primary users to bring little loss to the primary network's throughput. By introducing preservation regions around primary receivers, a modified multihop routing protocol is proposed for the cognitive users. Assuming m=nβ with β >; 1, it is shown that the secondary network achieves almost the same throughput scaling law as a stand-alone network while the primary network throughput is subject to only a vanishingly small fractional loss. Specifically, the primary network achieves the sum throughput of order n1/2 and, for any δ >; 0, the secondary network achieves the sum throughput of order m1/2-δ with an arbitrarily small fraction of outage. Thus, almost all secondary source-destination pairs can communicate at a rate of order m-1/2-δ.
Local understanding of hydro-climate changes in Mongolia

Air temperatures in semi-arid regions have increased more over the past few decades than those in many other parts of the world. Mongolia has an arid/semi-arid climate where large portions of the population are herders whose livelihood depends upon limited water resources. This paper combines local knowledge and understanding of recent changes in water availability in streams, springs and wells, with an analysis of climatic and hydrological change from meteorological station data to illustrate the degree of change among Mongolian water resources. We find that herders' perceptions of hydro-climatic change are very similar to the results of the station-based analysis. Additionally, since station data are spatially limited, local knowledge can emphasize smaller-scale variability in changes to climate and hydrology. For this paper, we focus on a site in the Khangai Mountains and another in the Gobi desert-steppe, both in Central Mongolia.
Brackishwater integrated farming systems in Southeast Asia

Integrated aquaculture-agriculture systems are more common in fresh water than in brackish water. Nevertheless, southeast Asian countries already have considerable research and experience in brackishwater integrated farming systems. In the Philippines, the effects of animal wastes on water quality and production of fish have been studied: chicken wastes on the mixed culture of milkfish Chanos chanos, tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, and shrimp Penaeus indicus; chicken and cattle manures on P. monodon and Artemia; and swine wastes on tilapia O. mossambicus. In Indonesia, about 60 hectares of fish farms have crops (pumpkin, spinach, cassava, maize, and chili) or livestock (cattle, goat, sheep, chicken, and duck) grown on the dikes of milkfish ponds. In Vietnam, culture of the giant prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Scylla serrata and marine shrimps has been integrated with coastal rice farming. Aquaculture-silviculture is a flourishing venture in Vietnam and Indonesia and gaining ground with experimental sites in Thailand and the Philippines. The seaweed Gracilaria has been cultured with fishes and shrimps in Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, and the Philippines. The production of Artemia cysts and biomass has been integrated with salt-making and fish or shrimp farming in the Philippines and Thailand. Production inputs and outputs from these integrated farming systems vary widely and socioeconomic information is nil. It is imperative to conduct follow-up research and evaluation of each system in terms of production and socioeconomics.
Impact of Groundwater Flow on Permafrost Degradation and Transportation Infrastructure Stability

A warming climate has been identified as unequivocal by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change with greater and faster temperature increase demonstrated at northern latitudes, and with an overall increase in precipitation. Analysis of field data collected throughout the arctic and subarctic corroborates with these findings, demonstrating an overall warming of permafrost temperatures. As indicated by thermal modeling, the stability of permafrost below roadway embankments is greatly affected by surface temperatures; thus, as climate warms, permafrost degradation represents a major issue for the design and maintenance of embankments. While the thermal stability of embankments in a warming climate has been investigated, the impact of groundwater and the effect of advective heat transfer on permafrost degradation below embankments has been overlooked. Recent studies indicate that groundwater flow along the permafrost table will cause permafrost degradation to occur one to several orders of magnitude faster than atmospheric warming alone. Thus, it is imperative for the long-term stability of infrastructure in permafrost regions for a better understanding of the complex interaction among groundwater, permafrost, and overlying embankments. The overall goal of this research is to develop a relationship among groundwater flow, permafrost degradation, and embankment stability.