Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sustaining Change in Calculus I

Abstract In an effort to improve upon Calculus I instruction at our institution, we designed a pilot study that incorporated a variety of evidence-based classroom practices. The goal was not to formally test known successful teaching interventions. Rather, the purpose was to develop and identify course materials and instructional methods that would not only foster active engagement in the classroom, but could also be easily used by Calculus I Graduate Teaching Assistant (GTA) instructors. Drawing upon results from the pilot study, we have designed an approach to course coordination for Calculus I that provides GTA instructors with the tools and techniques to utilize evidence-based practices in the Calculus I classroom, which in turn, is leading to sustainable instructional changes.
A practical strategy to use the ICD-11 for morbidity coding in the United States without a clinical modification

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to derive and evaluate a practical strategy of replacing ICD-10-CM codes by ICD-11 for morbidity coding in the United States, without the creation of a Clinical Modification. MATERIALS AND METHODS A stepwise strategy is described, using first the ICD-11 stem codes from the Mortality and Morbidity Statistics (MMS) linearization, followed by exposing Foundation entities, then adding postcoordination (with existing codes and adding new stem codes if necessary), with creating new stem codes as the last resort. The strategy was evaluated by recoding 2 samples of ICD-10-CM codes comprised of frequently used codes and all codes from the digestive diseases chapter. RESULTS Among the 1725 ICD-10-CM codes examined, the cumulative coverage at the stem code, Foundation, and postcoordination levels are 35.2%, 46.5% and 89.4% respectively. 7.1% of codes require new extension codes and 3.5% require new stem codes. Among the new extension codes, severity scale values and anatomy are the most common categories. 5.5% of codes are not one-to-one matches (1 ICD-10-CM code matched to 1 ICD-11 stem code or Foundation entity) which could be potentially challenging. CONCLUSION Existing ICD-11 content can achieve full representation of almost 90% of ICD-10-CM codes, provided that postcoordination can be used and the coding guidelines and hierarchical structures of ICD-10-CM and ICD-11 can be harmonized. The various options examined in this study should be carefully considered before embarking on the traditional approach of a full-fledged ICD-11-CM.
Conjoint application of nano-urea with conventional fertilizers: An energy efficient and environmentally robust approach for sustainable crop production

One of the biggest challenges to be addressed in world agriculture is low nitrogen (N) use efficiency (<40%). To address this issue, researchers have repeatedly underlined the need for greater emphasis on the development and promotion of energy efficient, and environmentally sound novel fertilizers, in addition to improved agronomic management to augment nutrient use efficiency for restoring soil fertility and increasing farm profit. Hence, a fixed plot field experiment was conducted to assess the economic and environmental competency of conventional fertilizers with and without nano-urea (novel fertilizer) in two predominant cropping systems viz., maize-wheat and pearl millet-mustard under semi-arid regions of India. Result indicates that the supply of 75% recommended N with conventional fertilizer along with nano-urea spray (N75PK+nano-urea) reduced the energy requirement by ~8–11% and increased energy use efficiency by ~6–9% over 100% nitrogen through prilled urea fertilizer (business as usual). Furthermore, the application of N75PK+ nano-urea exhibited ~14% higher economic yields in all the crops compared with N50PK+ nano-urea. Application of N75PK+nano-urea registered comparable soil N and dehydrogenase activities (35.8 μg TPF g-1 24 hrs-1 across all crops) over the conventional fertilization (N100PK). This indicates that application of foliar spray of nano-urea with 75% N is a soil supportive production approach. More interestingly, two foliar sprays of nano-urea curtailed nitrogen load by 25% without any yield penalty, besides reducing the greenhouse gases (GHG) emission from 164.2 to 416.5 kg CO2-eq ha-1 under different crops. Therefore, the application of nano-urea along with 75% N through prilled urea is an energy efficient, environmentally robust and economically feasible nutrient management approach for sustainable crop production.
Effects of pyrethroids on the cerebellum and related mechanisms: a narrative review

Abstract Pyrethroids (PYRs) are a group of synthetic organic chemicals that mimic natural pyrethrins. Due to their low toxicity and persistence in mammals, they are widely used today. PYRs exhibit higher lipophilicity than other insecticides, which allows them to easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier and directly induce toxic effects on the central nervous system. Several studies have shown that the cerebellum appears to be one of the regions with the largest changes in biomarkers. The cerebellum, which is extremely responsive to PYRs, functions as a crucial region for storing motor learning memories. Exposure to low doses of various types of PYRs during rat development resulted in diverse long-term effects on motor activity and coordination functions. Reduced motor activity may result from developmental exposure to PYRs in rats, as indicated by delayed cerebellar morphogenesis and maturation. PYRs also caused adverse histopathological and biochemical changes in the cerebellum of mothers and their offspring. By some studies, PYRs may affect granule cells and Purkinje cells, causing damage to cerebellar structures. Destruction of cerebellar structures and morphological defects in Purkinje cells are known to be directly related to functional impairment of motor coordination. Although numerous data support that PYRs cause damage to cerebellar structures, function and development, the mechanisms are not completely understood and require further in-depth studies. This paper reviews the available evidence on the relationship between the use of PYRs and cerebellar damage and discusses the mechanisms of PYRs.
Rhizosphere soil properties of waxy sorghum under different row ratio configurations in waxy sorghum-soybean intercropping systems

To overcome the continuous planting obstacle and promote the sustainable production of waxy sorghum, a two-years field experiment was performed to determine the responses of waxy sorghum rhizosphere soil properties to different row ratio configurations in waxy sorghum-soybean intercropping systems. The treatments included five row ratio configurations, which were two rows of waxy sorghum intercropped with one row of soybean (2W1S), two rows of waxy sorghum intercropped with two rows of soybean (2W2S), three rows of waxy sorghum intercropped with one row of soybean (3W1S), three rows of waxy sorghum intercropped with two rows of soybean (3W2S), and three rows of waxy sorghum intercropped with three rows of soybean (3W3S), and sole cropping waxy sorghum (SW) was used as control. The nutrients, enzyme activities, and microbes of waxy sorghum rhizosphere soil were investigated at the jointing, anthesis, and maturity stages. Results showed that rhizosphere soil properties of waxy sorghum were significantly affected by row ratio configurations of waxy sorghum intercropped soybean. Among all treatments, the performances of rhizosphere soil nutrients contents, enzymes activities, and microbes contents were 2W1S > 3W1S > 3W2S > 3W3S > 2W2S > SW. Compared to SW treatment, the 2W1S treatment increased the organic matter, total N, total P, total K, gram-negative bacteria phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), and gram-positive bacteria PLFAs contents and catalase, polyphenol oxidase, and urease activities by 20.86%-25.67%, 34.33%-70.05%, 23.98%-33.83%, 44.12%-81.86%, 74.87%-194.32%, 81.59–136.59%, 91.44%-114.07%, 85.35%-146.91%, and 36.32%-63.94%, respectively. Likewise, the available N, available P, available K, total PLFAs, fungus PLFAs, actinomycetes PLFAs, and bacteria PLFAs contents under the 2W1S treatment were 1.53–2.41, 1.32–1.89, 1.82–2.05, 1.96–2.91, 3.59–4.44, 9.11–12.56, and 1.81–2.71 times than those of SW treatment, respectively. Further, the determining factors of soil microbes were total K, catalase, and polyphenol oxidase for total microbes, bacteria, and gram-negative bacteria, total P and available K for fungus, available N, available K, and polyphenol oxidase for actinomycetes, and total K and polyphenol oxidase for gram-positive bacteria. In conclusion, the 2W1S treatment was the optimal row ratio configuration of waxy sorghum intercropped with soybean, which can improve the rhizosphere soil quality and promote the sustainable production of waxy sorghum.
The Relative Importance of Stratiform and Convective Rainfall in Rapidly Intensifying Tropical Cyclones

AbstractUsing 16-yr Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) observations, rainfall properties in the inner-core region of tropical cyclones (TCs) and the relative importance of stratiform and convective precipitation are examined with respect to the evolution of rapid intensification (RI) events. The onset of RI follows a significant increase in the occurrence and azimuthal coverage of stratiform rainfall in all shear-relative quadrants, especially upshear left. The importance of the increased stratiform occurrence in RI storms is further confirmed by the comparison of two groups of slowly intensifying (SI) storms with one group that underwent RI and the other that did not. Statistically, SI storms that do not undergo RI during their life cycle have a much lower percent occurrence of stratiform rain within the inner core. The relatively greater areal coverage of stratiform rain in RI cases appears to be related to the moistening/humidification of the inner core, particularly in.
Comprehensive review of amblyopia: Types and management

The optimal method of treatment for a child depends on the patient's age at the time of diagnosis, the onset and type of amblyopia, and the degree of compliance attainable. In deprivation amblyopia, the cause of visual impairment (e.g., cataract, ptosis) needs to be treated first, and then the disorder can be treated such as other types of amblyopia. Anisometropic amblyopia needs glasses first. In strabismic amblyopia, conventionally amblyopia should be treated first, and then strabismus corrected. Correction of strabismus will have little if any effect on the amblyopia, although the timing of surgery is controversial. Best outcomes are achieved if amblyopia is treated before the age of 7 years. The earlier the treatment, the more efficacious it is. In selected cases of bilateral amblyopia, the more defective eye must be given a competitive advantage over the comparatively good eye. Glasses alone can work when a refractive component is present, but occlusion might make the glasses work faster. The gold standard therapy for amblyopia remains occlusion of the better eye although penalization is also evidenced to achieve equal results. Pharmacotherapy has been shown to achieve suboptimal outcomes. Newer monocular and binocular therapies based on neural tasks and games are adjuncts to patching and can also be used in adults.
IV Thrombolysis vs Early Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Mild Noncardioembolic Ischemic Stroke

Background Objectives It is unclear whether IV thrombolysis (IVT) outperforms early dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in the acute setting of mild ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to compare the early safety and efficacy of IVT with that of DAPT. Methods Data of mild noncardioembolic stroke patients with admission NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≤3 who received IVT or early DAPT in the period 2018–2021 were extracted from a nationwide, prospective stroke unit registry. Study endpoints included symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), early neurologic deterioration ≥4 NIHSS points (END), and 3-month functional outcome by modified Rankin scale (mRS). Results A total of 1,195 mild stroke patients treated with IVT and 2,625 patients treated with DAPT were included. IVT patients were younger (68.1 vs 70.8 years), had less hypertension (72.8% vs 83.5%), diabetes (19% vs 28.8%), and a history of myocardial infarction (7.6% vs 9.2%), and slightly higher admission NIHSS scores (median 2 vs median 1) when compared with DAPT patients. After propensity score matching and multivariable adjustment, IVT was associated with sICH (4 [1.2%] vs 0) and END (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.8, 95% CI 1.1–7.5), and there was no difference in mRS 0–1 at 3 months (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 0.7–2.6). Discussion This analysis from a prospective nationwide stroke unit network indicates that IVT is not superior to DAPT in the setting of mild noncardioembolic stroke and may eventually be associated with harm. Further research focusing on acute therapy of mild stroke is highly warranted. Classification of Evidence This study provides Class III evidence that IVT is not superior to DAPT in patients with acute mild (NIHSS score ≤3) noncardioembolic stroke. The study lacks the statistical precision to exclude clinically important superiority of either therapy.
An Optogenetics-based Approach to Regulate Colonic Contractions by Modulating the Activity of the Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Mice

Background/Aims The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are pacemaker cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We examined whether the activity of ICC could be stimulated to control colonic contractions. An optogenetics-based mouse model in which the light-sensitive protein channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) was expressed was used to accomplish cell specific, direct stimulation of ICC. Methods An inducible site-specific Cre-loxP recombination system was used to generate KitCreERT2/+;ROSAChR2(H134R)/tdTomato/+ mice in which ChR2(H134R), a variant of ChR2, was genetically expressed in ICC after tamoxifen administration. Genotyping and immunofluorescence analysis were performed to confirm gene fusion and expression. Isometric force recordings were performed to measure changes in contractions in the colonic muscle strips. Results ChR2 was specifically expressed in Kit-labeled ICC. The isometric force recordings showed that the contractions of the colonic muscle strips changed under 470 nm blue light. Light stimulation evoked premature low-frequency and high amplitude (LFHA) contractions and enhanced the frequency of the LFHA contractions. The light-evoked contractions were blocked by T16Ainh-A01, an antagonist of anoctamin 1 channels that are expressed selectively in ICC in colonic muscles. Conclusions Our study demonstrates a potentially feasible approach to stimulate the activity of ICC by optogenetics. The colonic motor patterns of muscle strips, especially LFHA contractions, can be regulated by 470 nm light via ChR2, which is expressed in ICC.
Modeling finite nano systems

Modeling the nanoscale can occur by limiting the large-scale nature of arrays and nano systems to a finite size, or by modeling a single nano object. We look at modeling nano systems from a theoretical graph network view, where a graph has atoms at a vertex and links represent bonds. In this way, we can calculate standard statistical mechanics functions (entropy, enthalpy, and free energy) and matrix indices (Wiener Index) of finite nano structures, such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene nanoflakes. The Euclidean Wiener Index (topographical index) is compared with its topological (standard) counterpart. For many of these parameters, the data have power law behavior, especially when plotted versus the number of bonds or the number of atoms. Ideally, the placement of nanosized systems could be fabricated in such a way that the order and location of the objects is as specified. We consider measuring the order in finite nanoporous arrays via the pair distribution function and by reciprocal space parameters. Porous arrays have been made in triangular, hexagonal and square geometries, and we compare the experimental versions with ideal models. An order parameter derived from the pair distribution function takes values from zero to one: whereas, a reciprocal space parameter has nominal values from zero to ten. We conclude with a summary and indications for future work.
The dependence of optical turbulence on thermal and mechanical forces over the sea

Optical turbulence for over-water conditions was investigated in a long-term experiment over False Bay near Cape Town, South Africa. A sonic anemometer and two boundary-layer scintillometers were deployed to access in-situ turbulence as well as the integrated turbulence over two 1.8 and 8.7 km paths. Statistical analysis reveals spatial temporal variations of the turbulence conditions over False Bay, which might be related to differences in the atmospheric conditions and/or the surface (water) temperatures. An analysis in terms of mechanical and thermal forcing reveals that the latter factor is more dominant in determining the turbulence strength.
Central symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder on adult victims of sexual violence: A network analysis

This study aimed to identify and compare central post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms experienced by rape and sexual harassment victims, and the differences between the 2 groups. This study included 935 female victims of sexual violence who visited Sunflower Center in Korea between 2014 and 2020. Of the 935 victims, 172 were rape victims and 763 were sexually harassed. The Korean version of the Post-traumatic Diagnosis Scale was used to evaluate PTSD symptoms, and network analysis was performed to examine the differences in symptoms. The central symptom was “Physical reactions (PDS05)” for the group of rape victims and Less interest in activities (PDS09)’ for the group of sexual harassment victims. For the group of sexual harassment victims, the most distinct central edge was the one between “Being over alert (PDS16)” and “Being jumpy or easily startled (PDS17),” and for the group of rape victims, it was the edge between “Upset when reminded of the trauma (PDS04),” and “Physical reactions (PDS05). ” Network analysis revealed differences in central PTSD symptoms and central edges between sexual harassment and rape victims. Although re-experiencing and avoidance symptom clusters were most central in both groups, the specific central symptoms and edges differed between the 2 groups.
Projections of tropical cyclones affecting Vietnam under climate change: downscaled HadGEM2‐ES using PRECIS 2.1

The potential changes in tropical cyclone (TC) activity, and the associated large‐scale environmental conditions, for Vietnam and the South China Sea, posed by climate change, are examined using a high‐resolution regional climate model system, PRECIS 2.1, to downscale the Met Office Hadley Centre CMIP5 model, HadGEM2‐ES, to a resolution of 25 km (PRECIS_Had2). The ERA‐Interim reanalysis is also downscaled to the same resolution (PRECIS_ERAI) for comparison. An objective algorithm is used to identify and track the TCs. The PRECIS_Had2 is evaluated for the period of 1990–2005 by comparing with the PRECIS_ERAI and the observed best‐track data of TCs. Compared to PRECIS_ERAI, PRECIS_Had2 represents the TC‐associated large‐scale environments reasonably well but shows stronger vertical wind shear over the South China Sea and during the summer southwesterly monsoon. For TCs, PRECIS_Had2 is capable of capturing the TC distribution but shows a notable underestimation of very intense TCs. The analysis of the influence of global warming on the TC activity reveals that PRECIS_Had2 simulates a pronounced seasonal shift of TC activity in a warmer climate for both the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, with an increase in TC activity during winter related to the more favourable large‐scale conditions, while a decrease in TCs associated with less favourable large‐scale conditions is projected in summer.
Relationship of digit ratio with sexual steroid hormone receptor related genes - single nucleotide polymorphisms in a sample from Northern China

Abstract Background Digit ratio, especially 2D:4D, is hypothesised as a potential biological marker of exposure to intrauterine sex hormones. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between 10 SNPs of sex steroid hormone receptor (SSHR) related genes and 2D:4D. Subjects and methods 814 college students were randomly selected as research participants. After taking pictures of both hands of the participants, Image Pro Plus (IPP) software was used to measure 2D:4D. ESR1 (rs2228480 and rs3798758), ESR2 (rs944459, rs8006145, rs928554, and rs8018687), GPER1 (rs10269151 and rs12702047), and PGR (rs1042839 and rs500760) were genotyped using multiplex PCR. Results Females had significantly higher 2D:4D in both hands than male students (p < 0.05), and the R2D:4D of the Han population was significantly higher than that of the Hui population (p < 0.05). The number of females carrying the GPER1 G allele of rs12702047 was significantly higher than that of males (p < 0.05). The L2D:4D in males was significantly different in rs1042839, and the R2D:4D in the Han ethnicity was significantly different in rs3798758. Logistic regression analysis showed that rs12702047 was significantly associated with 2D:4D in both hands (p < 0.05). Conclusions GPER1 rs12702047 may be involved in the formation of digit ratio by affecting phalanx development in the Chinese population.
Bridging the Gap Between Urological Research and Patient Understanding: The Role of Large Language Models in Automated Generation of Layperson’s Summaries

Abstract Introduction: This study assessed ChatGPT's ability to generate readable, accurate, and clear layperson summaries of urological studies, and compared the performance of ChatGPT-generated summaries with original abstracts and author-written patient summaries to determine its effectiveness as a potential solution for creating accessible medical literature for the public. Methods: Articles from the top 5 ranked urology journals were selected. A ChatGPT prompt was developed following guidelines to maximize readability, accuracy, and clarity, minimizing variability. Readability scores and grade-level indicators were calculated for the ChatGPT summaries, original abstracts, and patient summaries. Two MD physicians independently rated the accuracy and clarity of the ChatGPT-generated layperson summaries. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare readability scores. Cohen's κ coefficient was used to assess interrater reliability for correctness and clarity evaluations. Results: A total of 256 journal articles were included. The ChatGPT-generated summaries were created with an average time of 17.5 (SD 15.0) seconds. The readability scores of the ChatGPT-generated summaries were significantly better than the original abstracts, with Global Readability Score 54.8 (12.3) vs 29.8 (18.5), Flesch Kincade Reading Ease 54.8 (12.3) vs 29.8 (18.5), Flesch Kincaid Grade Level 10.4 (2.2) vs 13.5 (4.0), Gunning Fog Score 12.9 (2.6) vs 16.6 (4.1), Smog Index 9.1 (2.0) vs 12.0 (3.0), Coleman Liau Index 12.9 (2.1) vs 14.9 (3.7), and Automated Readability Index 11.1 (2.5) vs 12.0 (5.7; P < .0001 for all except Automated Readability Index, which was P = .037). The correctness rate of ChatGPT outputs was >85% across all categories assessed, with interrater agreement (Cohen's κ) between 2 independent physician reviewers ranging from 0.76-0.95. Conclusions: ChatGPT can create accurate summaries of scientific abstracts for patients, with well-crafted prompts enhancing user-friendliness. Although the summaries are satisfactory, expert verification is necessary for improved accuracy.