Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generating Rational Commonsense Knowledge-Aware Dialogue Responses With Channel-Aware Knowledge Fusing Network

Dialogues systems endow machines with the ability to converse with humans using natural language. Nonetheless, previous Seq2Seq-based generative dialogue systems often generate safe but meaningless responses, such as ‘I don't know’ or ‘I think so’. To this end, researchers proposed to infuse external knowledge into dialogue generation, and such knowledge-enhanced methods have achieved remarkable improvements in the open-domain dialogue systems. External knowledge is an exogenous input, where the estrangement inevitably exists between knowledge and dialogue context. Although previous knowledge-enhanced works can already use commonsense knowledge to generate informative responses, they always use knowledge in a single-channel paradigm, which is hard to accurately handle different data-flows and then tends to generate irrational dialogue responses. Thus, they tend to be confused and generate strange responses when infusing the knowledge into dialogue generation, such as ‘I just ate a basketball,’ dramatically degrading the user experience. To address this problem, this paper proposes a novel Channel-Aware Knowledge Fusing Network (CAKF). Rather than following the traditional single-channel paradigm, CAKF employs three unique channels to handle different data-flows more clearly and rationally: a base channel serves like a vanilla Seq2Seq decoder; a context channel to utilize the contextual information, and a knowledge channel to infuse commonsense knowledge into the dialogue generation. Above such three channels, a Sequential Manager is built to maintain the global sequential decision state, aggregate the local data-flows, and make the final prediction. Experiments on two open-released datasets (a Chinese Weibo and an English Reddit) demonstrated the superior performance of this work against various state-of-the-art approaches.
Electrical and thermal properties of single-crystalline (Ca2CoO3)0.7CoO2 with a Ca3Co4O9 structure

Single crystals of (Ca2CoO3)0.7CoO2 were grown using a modified strontium chloride flux technique, and their electrical and thermal properties were determined. Growth conditions were established for obtaining plate-like single crystals of a relatively large size (5×10×0.05 mm3). At 973 K, thermoelectric power S and electrical resistivity ρ of the specimens are ≈240 μV K−1 and ≈2.3×10−5 Ω m, respectively, and their thermal conductivity κ is nearly 3 W m1 K−1, as determined by mathematical extrapolation. The figure of merit ZT=S2T/ρκ derived therefrom is ≈0.87 at 973 K. The relatively low κ is likely the result of a misfit structure between the CoO2 layer and the Ca2CoO3 slab.
Larvicidal potential of copper sulphide nano aqua dispersions against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus)

Nanotechnology has emerged as promising field in insect pest management. Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) a well-known vector of dengue, chikungunya, and dengue haemorrhagic fever has no commercial management practice for their eradication at the larval stage. In the present study, copper sulphide one of the most detoxified form of copper with biopotential properties was synthesised by standard methodology using sonochemical irradiation method and was evaluated for their larvicidal potential against Ae. aegypti. Treated larvae were observed for various morphological changes as compared to control. Larvae were most susceptible to CuSNPs at 7 ppm showing 100% mortality within 24 h. LC50 and LC90 values calculated with the help of POLO software were 4.42 and 5.73 ppm. The epithelium layer of treated larvae was damaged as compared to control. Remarkable results of copper sulphide nanoformulations at low dosage against Ae. aegypti larvae advocates their further exploration for vector control programmes.
Choice, Mobility, and Classification: Disaggregating the Charter School Special Education Gap

Growing numbers of students are educated in charter schools, including students with disabilities (SWD). Prior research suggests that charter schools educate a smaller percentage of SWD than traditional public schools, leading to a special education gap between sectors. We used data from a large urban district to examine how choice, mobility, and special education classification influenced the special education gap with descriptive statistics, gap decomposition, and causal analyses relying on a randomized component of school assignment. The driver of the gap was parental choice, with parents of SWD less often choosing charter schools. Enrolling in a charter school had no effect on the probability that a student was newly identified for special education services, but increased the probability that a student was deidentified for special education services. We discuss potential mechanisms underlying these results, with attention to factors that shape parental choice, and future research needed to understand parental choices.
Defending business interests in Russia: collective action and social investments as bargaining chips

ABSTRACT The collective organization of business interests in Russia is commonly considered weak. In some cases, however, business associations have succeeded in representing interests vis-à-vis the state. This article analyses an illustrative case of state–business negotiations regarding an extra profit tax for several chemical and metallurgical companies, proposed by the presidential administration in August 2018. Based on a case study involving media and interview data, the study examines the role of collective action under the auspices of the ‘Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs’ (RUIE) in defending business interests. It identifies the necessary conditions under which collective action was effective in this specific case, and critically discusses the possible contingency of the given constellation in light of inherently asymmetrical relations between state and business actors. Furthermore, the article develops an analytical framework with which business associations and their lobbying activities under authoritarian capitalism can be analysed beyond the Russian case.
NR2F2 Regulates Cell Proliferation and Immunomodulation in Whartons’ Jelly Stem Cells

(1) Background: Wharton’s Jelly stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are multipotent mesenchymal stem cells that can proliferate rapidly and have low immunogenicity. Therefore, WJ-MSCs have gained considerable attention in the fields of immunomodulation and disease treatment and have entered clinical trials for the treatment of various diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to study the underlying mechanisms of WJ-MSCs proliferation, immune regulation, and disease treatment. Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 2 Group F Member 2 (NR2F2) is a transcription factor that is involved in the regulation of many different genes. However, it remains unknown how NR2F2 regulates stem cell identity in WJ-MSCs. (2) Methods: We used RNAi technology to knock down NR2F2 in WJ-MSCs, and studied the regulatory role of NR2F2 in WJ-MSCs by MTT, flow cytometry, RNA-seq, and other methods. We also utilized a co-culture system in which NR2F2-depleted WJ-MSCs with MH7A and HCT116/HepG2 were used to investigate the role of NR2F2 in immunomodulation and the inhibition of cancer cell growth. (3) Results: NR2F2 knockdown resulted in decreased expressions of Cyclin D1 and CDK4, slower cell proliferation, and increased expressions of IL6 and IL8. Furthermore, Cyclin D1, CDK4, and inflammatory factors were increased in human rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocyte line MH7A if co-cultured with NR2F2 depleted WJ-MSCs. In addition, we observed increased p53, decreased BCL-2, and increased cell apoptosis in liver cancer cell line HepG2 if co-cultured with NR2F2-depleted WJ-MSCs. (4) Conclusions: NR2F2 not only plays an important role in the cell cycle and immune regulation of WJ-MSCs but also has potential effects on the WJ-MSCs treatment of related diseases.
A Web Back-End Database Leakage Incident Reconstruction Framework Over Unlabeled Logs

In this article, we propose a web back-end database leakage incident reconstruction framework (WeB-DLIR) over unlabeled logs, designed to improve the intelligence and automation of reconstructing web back-end database leakage incidents triggered by web-based attacks in unannotated logging environments. Using WeB-DLIR, analysts can reduce the manual workload of tracing and responding to data leakage incidents. Specifically, we first design web front-end and back-end anomaly identification methods based on neural network models with a pruning strategy and fine-grained grouping clustering analysis, respectively, for completely identifying web-related abnormal events in unlabeled logs. To remove redundant abnormal events and reduce subsequent inspection work for false alarm cases, we then propose an anomaly detection result decision fusion method (DFADR). Moreover, to visualize the attack chain reflected by abnormal events, based on the decision fusion results, we propose an attack graph modeling method that can reflect the basic process of data leakage from multiple perspectives. Finally, based on the modeling results, the topology of the data leakage scenario reconstruction can be completed by further auditing the relevant logs. Experimental results using real-world datasets show that the proposed WeB-DLIR is efficient and feasible for practical applications.
One Dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks Using Sparse Wavelet Decomposition for Bearing Fault Diagnosis

This paper proposes a novel algorithm for bearing fault diagnosis using sparse wavelet decomposition for feature extraction combined with a multi-scale one dimensional convolutional neural network (1-D CNN). The proposed algorithm consists of three stages. The first stage determines bearing fault frequency bands according to bearing physical parameters and constructs a sparse wavelet decomposition structure. The second stage decomposes a raw bearing signal into multi-resolution signals based on a decomposition structure achieved at the second stage. Finally, the decomposed multi-resolution signal features are fed into the sub-neural networks according to the multi-scale 1-D CNN (MSCNN) network, and then the outputs of the final convolutional/polling layers are concatenated into a single channel which is further used as the input to a fully connected layer. In comparison with the other bearing fault diagnosis methods, our proposed algorithm can achieve a higher classification accuracy of 99.85% using the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) bearing dataset. The proposed algorithm is successfully validated via our designed experiments.
Cell-Type-Specific Effects of the Ovarian Cancer G-Protein Coupled Receptor (OGR1) on Inflammation and Fibrosis; Potential Implications for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease characterized by irreversible lung scarring. The pathophysiology is not fully understood, but the working hypothesis postulates that a combination of epithelial injury and myofibroblast differentiation drives progressive pulmonary fibrosis. We previously demonstrated that a reduction in extracellular pH activates latent TGF-β1, and that TGF-β1 then drives its own activation, creating a feed-forward mechanism that propagates myofibroblast differentiation. Given the important roles of extracellular pH in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis, we sought to identify whether pH mediates other cellular phenotypes independent of TGF-β1. Proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptors are activated by acidic environments, but their role in fibrosis has not been studied. Here, we report that the Ovarian Cancer G-Protein Coupled Receptor1 (OGR1 or GPR68) has dual roles in both promoting and mitigating pulmonary fibrosis. We demonstrate that OGR1 protein expression is significantly reduced in lung tissue from patients with IPF and that TGF-β1 decreases OGR1 expression. In fibroblasts, OGR1 inhibits myofibroblast differentiation and does not contribute to inflammation. However, in epithelial cells, OGR1 promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammation. We then demonstrate that sub-cellular localization and alternative signaling pathways may be responsible for the differential effect of OGR1 in each cell type. Our results suggest that strategies to selectively target OGR1 expression may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for pulmonary fibrosis.
NREM Parasomnias: Retrospective Analysis of Treatment Approaches and Comorbidities

Brief Summary Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) parasomnias are relatively common among children and can often persist into adulthood, where they can pose as a clinical challenge:, the behaviors can result in injury or have negative impacts on functioning and quality of life, thus necessitating treatment, but the choice of treatment is complicated by the lack of evidence—based guidelines, as well as potential side effects. The aim of this retrospective analysis is to examine the most frequently used treatment strategies and pharmaceuticals for NREM parasomnias and evaluate perceived outcomes based on the patient’s subjective reports of the frequency and severity of symptoms. Abstract The aim of this retrospective analysis is to determine the most frequently prescribed medications for the treatment of NREM parasomnias and evaluate reported outcomes. We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients with NREM parasomnia diagnosed within Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH) clinics examining the date of diagnosis, date of starting therapy, comorbidities, type of medication prescribed, and the reported change in symptoms or side effects at follow-up visits. From 2012 to 2019, 110 patients (59 females, 51 male) at BWH clinics received a diagnosis of NREM parasomnia, including sleepwalking and night terrors. The mean age was 44. Comorbidities included obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (46%), periodic limb movement syndrome (PLMS) (13%), insomnia (19%), Restless leg syndrome (RLS) (9%), epilepsy (4%), and REM behavior disorder (RBD) (9%). Initial treatment strategies include behavioral and safety counseling only (34%), pharmacological treatment (29%), treatment of any comorbidity (28%), and combined treatment of any of the above (9%). Improvement was reported with: treatment of OSA (n = 23 52% reported improvement), melatonin (n = 8, improvement reported by 88%.,benzodiazepine (n = 7, improvement reported by 57%). Treating comorbid conditions is a frequent treatment strategy, often associated with symptom improvement. The pharmacologic treatment most commonly included melatonin and benzodiazepines. Comprehensive management should include behavioral and safety recommendations, assessment of comorbid conditions, and individually tailored pharmaceutical treatment.
Optimisation of Periodic Flight Trajectories

Subject of the thesis is the determination of periodic optimal flight trajectories. For this purpose, flight mechanics basics and appropriate optimization methods are dealt with. Then, trajectories are optimised for solar powered aircraft circling the world with the least possible mass penalty resulting from the batteries, for motor gliders with a retractable propulsive unit aiming to maximise range by conducting a saw-tooth flight, and for a bird performing a bounding flight to minimise the energy effort per distance travelled. In all cases, periodic trajectories result.
Full-waveform inversion of ground-penetrating radar data in frequency-dependent media involving permittivity attenuation

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data has received particular attention in the past decade because it can provide high-resolution subsurface models of dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity. In most GPR FWIs, these two parameters are regarded as frequency independent, which may lead to false estimates if they strongly depend on frequency, such as in shallow weathered zones. In this study, we develop frequency-dependent GPR FWI to solve this problem. Using the τ-method introduced in the research of viscoelastic waves, we define the permittivity attenuation parameter to quantify the attenuation resulting from the complex permittivity and to modify time-domain Maxwell’s equations. The new equations are self-adjoint so that we can use the same forward engine to back-propagate the adjoint sources and easily derive model gradients in GPR FWI. Frequency dependence analysis shows that permittivity attenuation acts as a low-pass filter, distorting the waveform and decaying the amplitude of the electromagnetic waves. The 2-D synthetic examples illustrate that permittivity attenuation has low sensitivity to the surface multi-offset GPR data but is necessary for a good reconstruction of permittivity and conductivity models in frequency-dependent GPR FWI. As a comparison, frequency-independent GPR FWI produces more model artefacts and hardly reconstructs conductivity models dominated by permittivity attenuation. The 2-D field example shows that both FWIs reveal a triangle permittivity anomaly which proves to be a refilled trench. However, frequency-dependent GPR FWI provides a better fit to the observed data and a more robust conductivity reconstruction in a high permittivity attenuation environment. Our GPR FWI results are consistent with previous GPR and shallow-seismic measurements. This research greatly expands the application of GPR FWI in more complicated media.
Morphophonological patterns influence regular and irregular past-tense production: evidence from aphasia

ABSTRACT Previous work has demonstrated that the distribution of morphophonological patterns in the lexicon influences how unimpaired speakers inflect novel nonwords (Albright & Hayes [2003]. Rules vs. Analogy in English past tenses: A computational/experimental study. Cognition, 90(2), 119–161). Here, we investigated whether morphophonological patterns impact the language production of a group of individuals with acquired language impairment (n = 16). Using a past-tense production task, we found that both accuracy and error patterns were impacted by the distribution of morphophonological patterns. Participants were more accurate producing regular verbs when more phonologically similar verbs also take the regularised past tense form. Additionally, regularisation errors for irregular verbs (e.g. runned) occurred more frequently when the regularised form occurred more in phonologically similar verbs. These effects occurred across and within allomorphic subgroups of the regular past tense (i.e. stem+/t/, stem+/d/, stem+/əd/). Taken together, these results indicate that speakers are sensitive to the distribution of morphophonological patterns in the language at a high degree of granularity .
Integrated Design for Lifetime Extension and ESR Monitoring of Hybrid DC Link in Solid-State Transformer From the Perspective of High-Frequency Ripple Current

Hybrid dc-link capacitors serve a critical role in cascaded two-stage systems, such as the solid-state transformer (SST) units being developed for medium-voltage utility grids. The capacitors need to absorb ripple current in a wide spectrum, which induces aging stresses. This article presents a technique to combine lifetime extension in design with condition monitoring (CM). It is found that the excessive high-frequency ripple current typically flows through electrolytic capacitors (E-caps). A dedicated transformer-based sensor is then designed, and its primary-side inductance acts as an external impedance to reduce the high-frequency current in the E-cap loop. On the other hand, the voltage induced by high-frequency current measured on the secondary side of the sensor can be used as an indicator of equivalent series resistance (ESR) degradation for CM. The integrated design features low complexity, pure passivity, and versatility, and the universal gauging principle for the sensor is elaborated. In the end, a 5-kW prototype of an SST unit is built to verify the performance of the proposed solution. The experimental results indicate a noticeable reduction in thermal and electrical stress, corresponding to a 40% extension of the E-cap lifetime, and the CM model can accurately track the change of the ESR.
Can new teachers learn teaching by reciprocating?

Preservice teachers are expected to learn to teach through opportunities provided by their supervisors in their field experience. This study explores supervisor-supervisee reciprocity as a learning opportunity. Supervisor-supervisee reciprocity is an empirically undocumented phenomenon in teacher education. This study examines how it relates to supervisors’ roles. Using interviews and focus groups, this study found that reciprocity relates to three aspects of supervisors’ roles: educational trainer, sentimental underpinning, and social facilitator. The study also reported perceived effects of reciprocity on the building of supervisory relationships.
Redox Active α-Lipoic Acid Differentially Improves Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Cellular Model of Alzheimer and Its Control Cells

Introduction: Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is a sulphur-containing organic compound, derived from octanoic acid, and an important cofactor for mitochondrial respiratory enzymes. It has strong antioxidant properties that improve mitochondrial function. We investigated if ALA improves mitochondrial dysfunction in a cellular model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: SH-SY5Y-APP695 cells were used as a model for an early stage of AD. Vector-transfected SH-SY5Y-MOCK cells served as controls. Using these cells, we investigated mitochondrial respiration (OXPHOS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and citrate synthase activity (CS) in cells treated with ALA. Cells were treated for 24 h with different concentrations of ALA and with or without the complex I inhibitor rotenone. Results: Incubation with ALA showed a significant increase in ATP levels in both SH-SY5Y-APP695 and SH-SY5Y-MOCK cells. MMP levels were elevated in SH-SY5Y-MOCK cells, treatment with rotenone showed a reduction in MMP, which could be partly alleviated after incubation with ALA in SH-SY5Y-MOCK cells. ALA treatment showed significant differences in respiration chain complex activities in SH-SY5Y-MOCK cells. Citrate synthase activity was unaffected. ROS levels were significantly lower in both cell lines treated with ALA. Conclusions: ALA increased the activity of the different complexes of the respiratory chain, and consequently enhanced the MMP, leading to increased ATP levels indicating improved mitochondrial function. ALA only marginally protects from additional rotenone-induced mitochondrial stress.