Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kinematic Wave Modeling in Water Resources: Surface-Water Hydrology

Water Resources Modeling. Spatial Representation of Watersheds. HYDRAULIC PRELIMINARIES. Hydraulic Equations for Surface Flow. Linearization of Hydraulic Equations. Flow Resistance. WATER WAVES. Shallow Water Waves. Kinematic Wave Theory. Diffusion Wave Theory. Accuracy of Kinematic Wave and Diffusion Wave Theories. OVERLAND FLOW. St. Venant Equations for Flow Over A Plane. Diffusion Wave Modeling. Kinematic Wave Modeling of Overland Flow on A Plane: Analytic Solutions. Kinematic Wave Modeling of Overland Flow on an Infiltrating Plane: Analytical Solutions. Kinematic Wave Modeling of Overland Flow on a Plane: Numerical Solutions. Kinematic Wave Modeling of Overland Flow on Converging Surfaces. Kinematic Wave Modeling of Overland Flow on Diverging Surfaces. Kinematic Shock. CHANNEL FLOW ROUTING. Dynamic Wave Modeling for Channel Flow Routing. Diffusion Wave Modeling for Channel Flow Routing. Kinematic Wave Flow Routing. Dam--Break Flood--Wave Routing. Appendices. References. Index.
UvA-DARE Owning the issues of crime and immigration: the relation between immigration and crime news and anti-immigrant voting in 11 countries

It is still not well understood how the media affect anti-immigrant party voting. In this paper, we argue and demonstrate empirically that mere exposure to immigration- and crime-related news is positively related to the likelihood that a voter casts a vote for an anti-immigrant party. On the basis of a media content analysis ( N ¼ 20,084 news items) in combination with a voter panel survey ( N ¼ 17,014 respondents) conducted in 11 European countries we ﬁ nd for several anti-immigrant parties that e ceteris paribus e exposure to news about immigration or crime increases voters' probabilities to vote for these parties. We discuss our ﬁ ndings in light of prior research on issue ownership, and their implications for the role of the mass media in established democracies. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. reserved.
Spatial, Temporal, and Restoration Treatment Effects on Soil Resources in Mixed-oak Forests of Southeastern Ohio

—As part of a larger study of the use of fire and thinning to restore ecosystem function in eastern forests, we quantified spatial, temporal, and treatment-related variations in soil pH, available P, and N mineralization over two years in two southern Ohio mixed-oak forests (Zaleski State Forest and Raccoon Ecological Management Area/REMA). In each site, two watershed-scale treatment units of ~25 ha were sampled on a 50m grid for analysis of spatial autocorrelation and for assessment of temporal variability and treatment effects. Sampling occurred in summer 2000 (prior to treatment) and summer 2001 (after one unit in each site had been thinned+burned). Nutrient status differed more between sites than between treatment units within sites. Semivariance analysis of pretreatment samples demonstrated that pH, available P, and N mineralization were strongly structured spatially in all four treatment units (spatial structure >67%). There were no significant temporal differences in pH or N mineralization (2000 vs 2001) in control areas of the two sites; however, available P did decrease between 2000 and 2001. Neither patch size nor spatial structure changed significantly over this time. Analysis of covariance of post-treatment soil status indicated that the thinning+burning treatment resulted in significant increases in available P and soil pH at REMA but not Zaleski. Semivariance analysis indicated that the thinning+burning treatment increased patchiness (decreased patch size) in pH, but decreased patchiness in available P. Ecosystem restoration treatments affected both overall nutrient status and spatial structure in ways that should influence how plants and communities respond to such treatments.
The University of Hong Kong From the SelectedWorks of Yulei Luo 2012 Robustness , Information-processing Constraints , and the Current Account in Small Open Economies

In this paper we examine the effects of two types of “induced uncertainty”, model uncertainty due to robustness (RB) and state uncertainty due to finite information-processing capacity (called rational inattention or RI), on consumption and the current account. We show that the combination of RB and RI improves the model’s predictions for (i) the contemporaneous correlation between the current account and income and (ii) the volatility and persistence of the current account in small open emerging and developed economies. In addition, we show that the two informational frictions improve the model’s ability to match the impulse response of consumption to income and the relative volatility of consumption to income growth. JEL Classification Numbers: C61, D81, E21. ∗We thank Charles Engel (the Editor) and two anonymous referees for many constructive comments and suggestions. We also would like to thank Paul Bergin, Todd Clark, Richard Dennis, Reuven Glick, Kevin Lansing, Sylvain Leduc, Zheng Liu, Larry Qiu, Kevin Salyer, Tom Sargent, Chris Sims, Ulf Söderström, Lars Svensson, Danyang Xie, and Heng-fu Zou, and seminar and conference participants at UC Davis, Iowa, the ECB, the Sveriges Riksbank, University of South Carolina, the Federal Reserve Banks of Atlanta, Kansas City, and San Francisco, Central University of Finance and Economics, and the SED Meeting for helpful discussions and comments. Luo thanks the Hong Kong GRF under grant No. 748209 and 749510 and HKU seed funding program for basic research under grant No. 200801159003 for financial support. Nie thanks Li Yi for research assistance. Young thanks the University of Virginia Faculty Summer Grant Program for financial support. All errors are the responsibility of the authors. The views expressed here are the opinions of the authors only and do not necessarily represent those of the FRB of Kansas City or the Federal Reserve System. †School of Economics and Finance, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Email address: yluo@econ.hku. hk. ‡Economic Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. E-mail: jun.nie@kc.frb. org. §Department of Economics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904. E-mail: ey2d@virginia.edu.
The contribution of formal and informal mentorship to faculty productivity: Views of faculty in public affairs programs

ABSTRACT This study examines how mentorship opportunities contribute to the productivity and career growth of public affairs faculty, stratified by gender and race. The study uses primary data coming from an original survey administered at two different points in time (2017 and 2021) to faculty who are part of NASPAA member schools. Results indicate that women and faculty from racially under-represented groups are more likely to receive formal mentoring whereas men and white faculty are more likely to benefit from informal mentoring. Additionally, results show that the relationship between mentoring approaches and research effort differed by the faculty’s member gender and race with formal mentoring contributing to the research effort of men and white faculty across all academic ranks and university types, and informal mentoring contributing to the research effort of mid-career faculty of all genders and races. This study aims to inform individuals and universities about mentoring trends and contributions.
Career Advancement of Women in Engineering Disciplines at Two-Year Degree Institutions: Documenting Challenges and Potential Solutions to Raise Inclusivity

Role Models, Opportunities for Leadership Roles, Experiences in Undergraduate and Graduate Studies, and Awareness of Institutional Environments; and those for inhibiting advancement: Conflicting Family Obligations, Lack of Compensation, and Personal Concerns. The study revealed panelists had strong beliefs that institutional support during a women’s career may contribute to advancement as indicated by the high mean score for the factor Opportunities for Leadership Roles and Professional Development. These findings indicate that organizational structure can create common patterns of perception, thought, and feelings toward the room for advancement. The panelists’ experiences illuminate that structural and cultural inclusiveness and strategic goals set by leadership can promote and grow leaders within STEM, who will be competitive and prepared to meet the gap in leadership.
Isomorphism, Normalizing Flows, and Density Estimation: Preserving Relationships Between Data

Normalizing Flows are a powerful type of generative model that transforms an intractable distribution of data into a more desirable one through the use of bijective functions. Their concept is simple to understand and create powerful models that allow one to work with much simpler distributions than that of the underlying data. In essence, our motivation in studying Normalizing Flows is to preserve relationships between data. Normalizing Flows have a wide variety of uses and applications, providing important statistical information about data as well as enabling more interpretable control over latent structures. They can be used for mathematical applications, such as: variational inference, density estimation, anomoly detection, manifold analysis; as well as more application focused works, such as: pose estimation, speach generation, image generation, and more. An important aspect of Normalizing Flows is that they preserve the latent structure of the data that they are trained upon, which makes gives them to the power to perform the aforementioned tasks. In this review we provide an introduction to Normalizing Flows, clarifying how they differ from other popular generative models, provide an updated overview of the current literature, discuss their applications, as well as the future of these models and how they can play a critical role in AI research. We also aim to clarify the distinction between different generative models in a more clear and precise way than many other works. We aim to make this work a sufficient introduction to Normalizing Flows and be self-contained with little to no background required.
Acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies of the ethanol extract of the leaves of Sphenocentrum jollyanum (Menispermaceae).

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies of the ethanol extract of the leaves of Sphenocentrum jollyanum (Menispermaceae) 1*Mbaka G. O. , 2Adeyemi O.O and 3Oremosu A. A. 1* Department of Anatomy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Remo Campus, Ogun State, Nigeria. Department of Pharmacology, College of medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Lagos, Nigeria. Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria. Corresponding Author, G.O. Mbaka, E-mail: mbaaka@yahoo.com GSM: 234-805-8426729 ABSTRACT
Fryns syndrome

Most people with Fryns syndrome have a defect in the muscle that separates the abdomen from the chest cavity (the diaphragm). The most common defect is a congenital diaphragmatic hernia, which is a hole in the diaphragm that develops before birth. This hole allows the stomach and intestines to move into the chest and crowd the heart and lungs. As a result, the lungs often do not develop properly (pulmonary hypoplasia), which can cause life-threatening breathing difficulties in affected infants.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) News for you ! News consumption in the digital society

The complexity and diversity of today’s media landscape provides many challenges for scholars studying online news consumption. Yet it is unclear how news consumers navigate online. Moving forward, we used a custom-built browser plug-in—passively tracking Dutch online news consumers 24/7—to examine how context features (website) and content features (news topic) affect patterns of online news consumption. This resulted in a data set containing more than 1 million Web pages, from 175 websites (news websites, search engines, social media), collected over 8 months in 2017/18. We used automated content analysis to retrieve news topics, and estimated Markov chains to detect consumption patterns. Our findings indicate that news consumers often directly visit their favorite (typically mainstream) news outlet, and continue browsing within that outlet. We also found a strong preference for entertainment news over any other topic. Although social media often offer entertainment news, they are not necessarily the starting point to such news.
Characteristics and Driving Factors of Precipitation-Use Efficiency across Diverse Grasslands in Chinese Loess Plateau

Understanding the characteristics of the precipitation-use efficiency (PUE) of grassland ecosystems and its drivers is critical for predicting how ecosystem functions will respond to future climate change. In this study, we investigated several covarying biotic and abiotic factors (e.g., biomass, coverage, diversity, precipitation, temperature, and humid index (HI)) of 81 sites across a broad natural grassland gradient in the Loess Plateau of China to determine how PUE changes along a precipitation gradient and to assess the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on PUE. Our results showed that HI, below-ground biomass (BGB), vegetation coverage, and species diversity were the most important biotic factors in controlling PUE. HI had a higher positive indirect effect on PUE mainly through its influence on community characteristics. Our results suggest that precipitation and community characteristics are both important for the precipitation-use efficiency of natural grasslands across the arid and semiarid areas of the Loess Plateau. Additionally, improving the vegetation structure and increasing species diversity can help enhance the adaptability of grassland ecosystems to climate change.
Sedimentological, Geochemical and Isotopic Evidence for the Establishment of Modern Circulation through the Bering Strait and Depositional Environment History of the Bering and Chukchi Seas during the Last Deglaciation

SEDIMENTOLOGICAL, GEOCHEMICAL AND ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF MODERN CIRCULATION THROUGH THE BERING STRAIT AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT HISTORY OF THE BERING AND CHUKCHI SEAS DURING THE LAST DEGLACIATION Sea level regression during the Last Glacial Maximum exposed the Bering Land Bridge, and cut off the connection between the North Pacific and Arctic Ocean, ending the exchange of North Pacific Water through the Bering Strait. Exchange of North Pacific Water comprises a major portion of fresh water input to the Arctic Ocean, and is of vital importance to North Atlantic Deep Water formation, a vital component of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Bering Strait throughflow thus plays an integral role in global climate stability. A suite of four cores were selected, three in the Bering Sea and one in the Chukchi Sea, to bracket the Bering Strait in order to elucidate changes in sediment delivery, productivity and regional oceanography as the Bering Land Bridge flooded and modern ocean circulation was established during the last deglaciation. The arrival of nutrient rich North Pacific Water in the Chukchi Sea is recorded around 8 ka by organic carbon isotope depletion and increases in total organic carbon and organic nitrogen, reflecting an increasingly marine isotopic signal and increased productivity. In the Bering Sea, the early deglaciation is marked by depleted organic carbon isotopes that indicate increasing terrestrial input, and increased total organic carbon. Principal component analysis of sedimentologic, geochemical and isotopic data clearly captures discrete sediment populations that correspond to key climatic intervals, representing changes in sediment delivery, productivity and circulation during the last deglaciation. In the Bering Sea we observe
Leader trusting behaviours: a mixed-method approach on follower’s perceptions and reactions

ABSTRACT Trust is an important precondition of effective collaboration between leaders and followers. However, which behaviours do followers perceive as indicators that their leader trusts them, and how do they react thereupon? Across three studies, we developed a taxonomy of perceived leader trusting behaviours and identified followers’ reactions. In Study 1, we conducted interviews with 29 employees from different organizations. Systematic content analysis revealed four categories of perceived leader trusting behaviour: reliance (e.g., delegation), disclosure (e.g., sharing personal information), acknowledgement (e.g., appreciation), and guardianship (e.g., tolerating mistakes). Moreover, followers reported mostly positive (e.g., pride, higher performance) but also some negative reactions (e.g., strain). This initial taxonomy was validated in two consecutive studies. In Study 2, we used qualitative data from 224 employees. All behaviours reported in Study 2 could be captured by the taxonomy from Study 1. In Study 3, we used quantitative data from a two-wave survey with 415 employees. Results supported the taxonomy’s discriminant validity and its predictive and incremental validity with respect to follower reactions, such as performance and trust in the leader. Together, this research contributes to the literature by introducing and validating a comprehensive taxonomy of leader trusting behaviours as perceived by followers.
An Investigation into Product Market Integration in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

This study examines the extent of market integration within the West African sub-region using the theory of “law of one price”. The dataset covers three countries: Nigeria, Benin and Togo accounting for about three quarters of the sub-region economy. The data covers highly disaggregated retail level prices from the three countries and distance data between the three countries from 2011m1 to 2015m12. The results show that relative price dispersion within country is less than between countries. It is also shown that distance and border effects have positive and significant effects on price dispersion. The effects of distance became more significant as the magnitudes of the coefficients of border and distance increased after controlling for product, time and country pair effects . This result supports the hypothesis that product market integration in ECOWAS, like other developing regions, is weaker than in developed regions. This shows that there is the need to reduce the institutional constraints disrupting free flow of goods and services within the sub-region.
The Path from Nasal Tissue to Nasal Mucosa on Chip: Part 1—Establishing a Nasal In Vitro Model for Drug Delivery Testing Based on a Novel Cell Line

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the registration of drugs for nasal application with systemic effects. Previous preclinical in vitro test systems for transmucosal drug absorption studies have mostly been based on primary cells or on tumor cell lines such as RPMI 2650, but both approaches have disadvantages. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish and characterize a novel immortalized nasal epithelial cell line as the basis for an improved 3D cell culture model of the nasal mucosa. First, porcine primary cells were isolated and transfected. The P1 cell line obtained from this process was characterized in terms of its expression of tissue-specific properties, namely, mucus expression, cilia formation, and epithelial barrier formation. Using air–liquid interface cultivation, it was possible to achieve both high mucus formation and the development of functional cilia. Epithelial integrity was expressed as both transepithelial electrical resistance and mucosal permeability, which was determined for sodium fluorescein, rhodamine B, and FITC-dextran 4000. We noted a high comparability of the novel cell culture model with native excised nasal mucosa in terms of these measures. Thus, this novel cell line seems to offer a promising approach for developing 3D nasal mucosa tissues that exhibit favorable characteristics to be used as an in vitro system for testing drug delivery systems.
Resveratrol Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Mouse Model via Reducing Macrophage Infiltration and Inhibiting Glycolysis

Purpose Resveratrol (Res) is a natural polyphenol with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Alterations in metabolic pathways have been studied in psoriasis. This study is aimed to further explore the potential molecular mechanism of psoriasis improvement by Res. Patients and Methods Imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like mouse model was established to observe the effects of Res. NanoString nCounter Metabolic Pathways Panel was used to analyze the changed mRNA and qRT-PCR was used for validation. Flow cytometry was used to analyze immune cell subsets in skin lesions. In vitro, we observed the effects of Res on R848-stimulated macrophages glycolysis and inflammation. Results Res reduced the proliferation of keratinocytes and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in IMQ-induced psoriasis-like mouse model. Psoriasis model skin lesions were in a state of hypoxia, with upregulated glycolysis and downregulated AMPK activity. Res inhibited the levels of hypoxia-related genes (hif1α, hif3α) and glycolysis-related genes (hk1, ldha), meanwhile increased the levels of AMPK genes (prkaa1, prkaa2). Flow cytometry analysis revealed that Res decreased the infiltration of macrophages in psoriasis-like lesions. In addition, Res decreased the secretion of macrophage-associated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-23, TNF-α, IL-1β). In vitro, Res diminished the secretion of IL-23, TNF-α, IL-1β, and lactate by R848-stimulated macrophages and activated AMPK. Conclusion This study suggested that Res diminished psoriasis symptoms by inhibiting macrophages infiltration and inhibiting glycolysis, which providing novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of therapeutic action of Res in the treatment of psoriasis.
The butterflies of the Malay Peninsula

This title is revised by JN Eliot. It is a revision of this major work on the Malay lepidoptera. Produced in three parts, the first part covers butterfly life history, nomenclature and classification. Part two is a discussion of all species in six families, whilst the final part is a checklist of butterflies of the Malay Peninsula, plus bibliography and index.
Examining the differences between university students' levels of resilience on mindfulness, psychological distress and coping strategies

University students can face numerous stressors which can contribute to the development of psychological distress shown to be associated with decreasing completion and retention issues throughout Australian universities (Willcoxson, Cotter, & Joy, 2011). A positive predictor and outcome of successful student coping and adjustment to university and retention outcomes is resilience, the ability to cope in difficult situations and bounce back from adversity. Mindfulness has also been shown to be promote resilience. The present study examined differences in psychological distress, mindfulness, and coping strategies (adaptive vs. maladaptive) in university students (N = 122) with high and low levels of resilience. The results of a one-way MANOVA were consistent with hypotheses, revealing higher resilience scores were associated with greater mindfulness, higher adaptive coping scores, lower maladaptive coping, and reduced psychological distress. Students in the low resilience group were also found to have significantly lower levels of mindfulness, higher levels of psychological distress, reduced use of adaptive coping, and greater use of maladaptive coping, when compared to students with high resilience levels. Overall, findings of the current study are consistent with previous research and highlight the potential benefit of mindfulness-based coping interventions to foster resilience in university students.