Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preservation Potential of Storm Deposits in South Carolina Back-Barrier Marshes

Abstract A 5-year artificial-tracer study was used to mimic bioturbation of foraminifera in the back-barrier marshes of Folly and Rat Islands, South Carolina. Mixing rates decrease with subenvironment elevation, and decadal- to centennial-scale ecological signals and smaller hurricane deposits would not survive passage through the low-marsh mixing zone. However, the lower mixing rates in the high-marsh subenvironment allows for the preservation of such signals in the stratigraphic record. Bioturbation rates correlate poorly with plant density (primarily Spartina alterniflora). The Pearson correlation coefficient between mixing rate (Im in centimeters) and halophyte density (stems per square meter) is only 0.46, while the correlation between mixing and burrow density (apertures per square meter) is a much stronger 0.83. This corroborates earlier reports that spatiolateral variability in bioturbation is primarily a result of bioturbator (Uca spp.) preference for the low marsh and not halophyte distribution. Two factors contribute to the preservation of storm layers in the marshes behind Folly Island: (1) Hurricane deposits are laterally continuous and deposited across both low and high marsh, and (2) the coarser grain size of the washover sediments and the thickness of the larger storm deposits inhibit crab burrowing. Although the extensive paleostorm record from Folly Island appears to show a decrease in category 4 and 5 hurricanes through time, this record may reflect change in marsh paleosubenvironment. In a transgressive setting, where a formerly high marsh is submerged into low marsh, the preservation potential of storm deposits decreases through time.
All aboard! Earth system investigations with the CH2O-CHOO TRAIN v1.0

Abstract. Models of the carbon cycle and climate on geologic (>104-year) timescales have improved tremendously in the last 50 years due to parallel advances in our understanding of the Earth system and the increase in computing power to simulate its key processes. Still, balancing the Earth system's complexity with a model's computational expense is a primary challenge in model development. Simulations spanning hundreds of thousands of years or more generally require a reduction in the complexity of the climate system, omitting features such as radiative feedbacks, shifts in atmospheric circulation, and the expansion and decay of ice sheets, which can have profound effects on the long-term carbon cycle. Here, we present a model for climate and the long-term carbon cycle that captures many fundamental features of global climate while retaining the computational efficiency needed to simulate millions of years of time. The Carbon–H2O Coupled HydrOlOgical model with Terrestrial Runoff And INsolation, or CH2O-CHOO TRAIN, couples a one-dimensional (latitudinal) moist static energy balance model of climate with a model for rock weathering and the long-term carbon cycle. The CH2O-CHOO TRAIN is capable of running million-year-long simulations in about 30 min on a laptop PC. The key advantages of this framework are (1) it simulates fundamental climate forcings and feedbacks; (2) it accounts for geographic configuration; and (3) it is flexible, equipped to easily add features, change the strength of feedbacks, and prescribe conditions that are often hard-coded or emergent properties of more complex models, such as climate sensitivity and the strength of meridional heat transport. We show how climate variables governing temperature and the water cycle can impact long-term carbon cycling and climate, and we discuss how the magnitude and direction of this impact can depend on boundary conditions like continental geography. This paper outlines the model equations, presents a sensitivity analysis of the climate responses to varied climatic and carbon cycle perturbations, and discusses potential applications and next stops for the CH2O-CHOO TRAIN.
Selective grain entrainment by a current from a bed of mixed sizes; a reanalysis

The selective entrainment of grains by a current from a bed of mixed sizes and densities is important to grain-sorting processes that lead to the formation of placers in sands and to armored beds in gravels. Existing field and laboratory measurements of selective entrainment depart systematically from the standard threshold curves (such as that of Shields) which are based on experiments with nearly uniform grain sizes. Entrainment measurements from beds of mixed sizes form trends which obliquely cross the threshold curves for uniform grains, the crossing point being roughly at the median diameter of the size distribution. Due to this crossover, the coarser size fractions of the distribution require lower-flow stresses for their entrainment than if they formed uniform beds, while the finer-size fractions require higher stresses than uniform beds. With deposits having medians in the range of medium sand through gravel, the larger the individual particle within the mixed sizes, the greater the flow stress required for its entrainment. In this case the smaller grains are preferentially entrained, possibly leading to bed armoring. In contrast, if the median is in the fine-to-medium sand range, the smallest grains in the bed of mixed sizes are the most difficult to entrain due to sheltering by the larger grains; where grain density is also involved, this sorting can lead to the formation of placers. A variety of empirical relationships is considered to quantify the evaluation of selective entrainment from deposits of mixed sizes, but no single formulation is satisfactory for all data sets.
Innovation and Marketing Capabilities of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the impact of innovation and marketing capabilities on the performance of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand. The target population for this research comprises operators of SMEs within Thailand. a sample size of 130 participants was deemed suitable for this study. To address the research goals and derive meaningful insights, the researcher employed statistical methods, with a particular emphasis on Multiple Regression Analysis. The study's findings reveal that both innovation and marketing capabilities positively impact the performance of businesses. At a significance level of 0.05, delving into the various facets of innovation capability, it was observed that capabilities in process innovation and strategic innovation play a role in enhancing business performance. However, behavioral innovation capability does not significantly influence business outcomes. On the marketing front, capabilities in distribution channels, communication, and product development positively influence business performance. In contrast, pricing capability in marketing does not have a significant impact. SMEs in Thailand can leverage these insights for effective business management, ensuring sustained competitive advantage and optimal operational outcomes.
Husbanding the land : agrarian development and socio-technical change in Luoland, Kenya

This study underlines that development processes and more particularly technological change essentially is non-linear. By focusing on two domains of agricultural production in Luoland i.e maize varieties and soil fertility aspects, the study show that both domains are identified as problematic and the actors involved commonly share this. However, as the thesis argues, this cannot be said of the proposed solutions, as these are heavily debated and claims made by one leads frequently to counterclaims by others. In other words, it is more accurate here to talk of knowledge conflicts, encounters and claims, rather than a consensus situation. In analysing these encounters, processes of knowledge production and exchange in the breeding and selection of maize varieties and ways of reproducing soil fertility were explored in detail. To explore these issues further, the recent literature on technology development and technological change provided some theoretical and methodological clues and guidelines. The study has elaborated the various socio-technical networks through which maize spread in Luoland and the regimes that sustained them. It shows that most farmers in Luoland today produce maize from the regime based on the mass selection of local maize, rather than the maize generated by modern hybrid and open pollinated variety breeding techniques. Farmers argue that the myth of the superiority of hybrids no longer holds for them. In exploring the complexities of soil fertility and the strategies to enhance it, the study reveals that farmers have developed soil fertility management strategies of their own that correspond to what we call here the niche or 'hidden novelties' within the socio-technical landscape. These niches operate independently of the predominant hybrid maize and fertiliser regime. These social processes constitute the cores of the socio-technical niches that have emerged over time in Luoland.
KORKUT ATA TÜRKİYAT ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİ

In order to keep up with the rapidly advancing and developing world, people must constantly educate themselves. When we talk about education, schools and teachers come to mind. Without a doubt, one of the most important factors in education is teachers. Teachers need to develop themselves sufficiently and be active in terms of education and training. Among the factors that affect teacher agency, getting support and encouragement from the organization that they are affiliated with has an important place. The aim of this is study is to reveal the relationship between teacher agency and organizational commitment. In this capacity, the survey model which is one of the quantitative research methods was used in the study. In accordance, the population of the study was determined as teachers working in public primary schools in Şanlıurfa that are affiliated with the Ministry of National Education, during 2021 - 2022 the academic year. The sample of the study consists of a total of 268 classroom teachers (100 Women and 168 Men) working in Karaköprü, Haliliye and Eyyübiye districts of Şanlıurfa. This data obtained from the study was then analyzed descriptively using frequency, arithmetic mean and standard deviation. Because the data had a normal distribution, parametric tests were used. For the comparisons between two-group variables, independent sample t-test was used. For the comparisons among variables that are three or more groups, Anova test was used. For the examination of the correlation coefficients among the scores of the scales, Pearson correlation analysis was used. Based on the findings of the study, a meaningful positive relationship was found between teacher agency and organizational commitment. Suggestions were also made for researchers and practitioners in line with the findings of the study.
URBAN ECOSYSTEM SERVICES: TREE DIVERSITY AND STABILITY OF PM10 REMOVAL IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF ROME

Urban vegetation, and particularly urban forests, are known to provide important ecosystem services, such as urban air quality improvement by removing gaseous and particulate pollutants. The amount of PM10 removed by urban and periurban trees of the metropolitan area of Rome (evergreen broadleaves, deciduous broadleaves and conifers) was estimated by considering the minimum and maximum PM10 concentration values recorded in the Municipality of Rome during the years 2003 and 2004. The results of these simulations have been used to map the Ecosystem Service of PM10 removal by the three functional groups in the five Sanitary Districts of the Municipality. Given the spatial uniformity of PM10 levels in the urban area, the highest amount of PM10 deposition rates, during the whole period, are those of the Sanitary District with the largest vegetation cover (RMD). It is also interesting to highlight that the highest deposition fluxes, for the three functional groups, were estimated for the 2004 summer period, in concurrence with the highest mean values of Leaf Area Index. Our results confirm the crucial role of vegetation in supporting significant Ecosystem Services as air quality improvement, highlighting the importance of biodiversity and green infrastructures in sustain and enhance benefits provided by trees.
Usage Analysis of Mobile Payment System to Consumer Continuance Intention in Jabodetabek

This research aims to study the continuous intention of mobile payment usage using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) theory with the extended model using perceived trust and subjective norms. A survey conducted through 25 questions questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale with a total of 158 respondents was obtained by multiplying indicators by 6, with SEM-PLS method using SmartPLS 4.0. The analysis shows that perceived satisfaction significantly affects continuance intention to use mobile. The effect of subjective norms on continuance intention to use mobile payment is significant, and perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness have shown a positive relationship to perceived satisfaction. The perceived trust does not significantly affect the continuance intention to use mobile payment. In the previous study, continuance usage of mobile payment is conducted in South Africa, which is a gap in people's finances. The main limitation of this research is the limited data and a very diverse profile of respondents, which may have needed to be more fairly represented in this study. These results suggest that the mobile payment service provider effectively improves customer satisfaction. Gaining more trust in many aspects to make customers use mobile payment continuously. Perceived satisfaction has a positive relationship to keep the continuance intention to use mobile payment systems.
Microglia and Astrocytes in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Disease-Associated States, Pathological Roles, and Therapeutic Potential

Simple Summary Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disease characterized by the death of motor neurons that results in progressive muscle weakness and paralysis. Therefore, much of ALS research has heavily centered on addressing the role of motor neurons in explaining the ALS disease process. However, accumulating evidence has suggested that non-neuronal cells, such as microglia and astrocytes, are actively involved in the disease process. This is currently an active field of research, and we sought to review the landmark discoveries in animal and human cell models regarding the important functions of microglia and astrocytes in ALS, how researchers define their various disease characteristics, and how these cells can be targeted for therapeutics. Abstract Microglial and astrocytic reactivity is a prominent feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Microglia and astrocytes have been increasingly appreciated to play pivotal roles in disease pathogenesis. These cells can adopt distinct states characterized by a specific molecular profile or function depending on the different contexts of development, health, aging, and disease. Accumulating evidence from ALS rodent and cell models has demonstrated neuroprotective and neurotoxic functions from microglia and astrocytes. In this review, we focused on the recent advancements of knowledge in microglial and astrocytic states and nomenclature, the landmark discoveries demonstrating a clear contribution of microglia and astrocytes to ALS pathogenesis, and novel therapeutic candidates leveraging these cells that are currently undergoing clinical trials.
William Morris Davis: Master of Method

AVIS'S contributions to particular problems of land sculpture are numerous and important. It seems, however, fair to say that his greatest service to geomorphology was to raise it finally to the status of an autonomous science by clearly defining its object, fundamental principles, and methods. For Davis, the ultimate aim of geomorphology is and should be "the explanatory description of landforms. " This raises at once the problem of its relationships to classical geology. Geology, he says in substance, is essentially a science of the past, its purpose being to decipher the physical history of the Earth, more precisely the history of its crust. Geography-viz. geomorphology-on the other hand, considers essentially its present aspect. Accordingly, the past should only intervene in the "explanatory description" in so far as it is indispensable to the understanding of the present. All "irrelevant" geological matter, however interesting it may be in itself, should be banished: it is even recommended that in descriptions the present (descriptive) tense should be preferred to the past (historical) tense. But even Davis's most faithful followers did not go quite so far as he would have led them. While he insisted on the "description," many students still prefer to focus their attention and efforts on the "explanation. " Geomorpho-geny, Davis thought, should be subservient to geomorpho-graphy: a precept which he himself, very fortunately, often transgressed. Geomorphology should ever be thankful to Davis for having freed it from the bondage of classical geology; but independence does not necessarily mean estrangement. Either science has its own way of looking at the past of the Earth, geology relying principally on deposition and diastrophism, geomorphology on the succession of erosion cycles. Both have their own-relative-geochronologies, which evidently should match and supplement each other. In other words, deposits, especially continental ones, ought, whenever possible, to be correlated at every stage with corresponding land forms, and vice versa. The task is truly a formidable one, and in its entirety beyond human power. It should, however, be carried on as far as possible, so that the history of our Earth may more and more appear in true perspective, with its erosional and its depositional phases described not only as successive, but also as simultaneous and interdependent.
How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century

At the beginning of the 1600s, Taiwan was a sylvan backwater, sparsely inhabited by headhunters and visited mainly by pirates and fishermen. By the end of the century it was home to more than a hundred thousand Chinese colonists, who grew rice and sugar for export on world markets. This book examines this remarkable transformation. Drawing primarily on Dutch, Spanish, and Chinese sources, it argues that, paradoxically, it was Europeans who started the large scale Chinese colonization of the island: the Spanish, who had a base on northern Taiwan from 1626 to 1642, and, more importantly, the Dutch, who had a colony from 1623 to 1662. The latter enticed people from the coastal province of Fujian to Taiwan with offers of free land, freedom from taxes, and economic subventions, creating a Chinese colony under European rule. Taiwan was thus the site of a colonial conjuncture, a system that the author calls co-colonization. The Dutch relied closely on Chinese colonists for food, entrepreneurship, translation, labor, and administrative help. Chinese colonists relied upon the Dutch for protection from the headhunting aborigines and, sometimes, from other Chinese groups, such as the pirates who ranged the China Seas. In its analysis the book sheds light on one of the most important questions of global history: how do we understand the great colonial movements that have shaped our modern world? By examining Dutch, Spanish, and Han colonization in one island, it offers a compelling answer: Europeans managed to establish colonies throughout the globe not primarily because of technological superiority but because their states sponsored overseas colonialism whereas Asian states, in general, did not. Indeed, when Asian states did, European colonies were vulnerable, and the book ends with the capture of Taiwan by a Chinese army, led by a Chinese warlord named Zheng Chenggong.
Electrical and multiparameter radar observations of a severe hailstorm

Using data from the 11 cm, CSU-CHILL multiparameter radar, the simultaneous evolution of the radar-inferred precipitation structure and electrical characteristics of a severe hailstorm is investigated. We compare the substorm point discharge current, intracloud (IC) lightning flash rate, cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flash rate, ground strike location, and flash polarity to the progression of precipitation types and amounts. This study is unique in that it presents multiparameter radar observations of a thunderstorm complex which exhibited an extremely high IC-to-CG ratio (IC/CG, 20-70) and predominantly positive CG lightning (over 74%) after it became severe, producing large hail and weak tornadoes. In particular, we investigate the reported relationship between large hail and positive CG lightning. Although a direct correlation is found between a rapid increase in IC/CG, the first positive CG lightning flashes, and the initial production of hail aloft, the temporal and spatial behavior of large hail and positive CG lightning appear to be anticorrelated, as broad peaks in the positive CG flash rate lag relative maxima in the fallout of large hail by up to 30 min. The majority of positive ground strikes were adjacent to the main precipitation core in a region of light rain and little or no hail at the surface. Aloft, radar data indicated that ice crystals were aligned vertically in a strong electric field. Corona point observations at the surface indicate that these regions adjacent to the convective core were characterized by net positive charge aloft. Possible mechanisms to explain these observations are discussed.
The effect of varying water contents on the creep behavior of Heavitree quartzite

Creep and constant strain rate experiments have been performed on Heavitree quartzite samples with different amounts of available water, at 15 kbar confining pressure, 800°–1100°C, 10−4 to 10−7/s strain rate, and 1–10 kbar deviatoric stress. Some samples were dried by vacuum heating, others were left as is, and others had 0.1–0.5 wt % water added to them before being mechanically sealed in a Pt tube and deformed. When the creep data are fit to a power law form of flow law, they show, with increasing water available, a decrease in the activation energy from 44 to 41 to 35 kcal/mol, and a decrease in the stress exponent from 3.3 to 2.3 to 1.8. Samples deformed at 900°C and 10−6/s showed corresponding changes in preferred orientations from a diffuse maximum parallel to to a small circle girdle about σ1 and a change in deformation lamellae orientations from basal to basal plus prismatic. The samples also showed corresponding textural changes, from little recovery and no recrystallization, to greater recovery with moderate amounts of fine grain boundary recrystallization and small isolated melt pockets (<1 vol %), to even greater recovery with less continuous but coarser recrystallization and somewhat more extensive grain boundary melt (<3 vol %). The low stress exponent of the water added samples may be due to a component of grain boundary sliding, allowed by the grain boundary recrystallization and melt in these samples, but there is no microstructural evidence for such a mechanism. The change in slip systems of the original grains in the water added samples might be due in part to some relaxation of grain boundary constraints. The ease of recovery in the as is and water-added samples suggests that deformation of these samples was glide controlled and the chief mechanical effect of the added water may be to enhance dislocation glide.