Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones: A study at Taksin Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a common pathogen in human diseases. Thirtyseven clinical clones from different patients were tested for a molecular study of the mecA gene and multilocus sequence types (ST). Total genomic extraction, followed by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for DNA amplification with specific primers for mecA, and specific primers for various ST were used. Molecular typing for the study of genetic relationships among clones was performed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for all clones to 9 drugs was performed by the disk diffusion and vancomycin Etest. The presence of mecA was detected in all clones. The most common ST was MRSA-ST30, accounting for 81.1% of all MRSA tested, followed by MRSA-ST8/ST97/ST779 (8.1%), MRSA-ST239 (2.7%) and MRSA-nontypeable clones (8.1%). Molecular typing by ERIC-PCR demonstrated DNA fingerprints with corresponding results with sequence types. All clones were susceptible (70–100%) to fosfomycin, fusidic acid, gentamicin, tetracycline, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole and vancomycin [minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range, MIC50 and MIC90 were 0.25– 1.0, 0.5 and 0.75 μg/ml, respectively by using E-test] but resistant to ciprofloxacin, clindamycin and erythromycin. Inducible macrolide, lincosamide-type B streptogramin resistance (iMLSB) phenotype was 5.4% while constitutive MLSB phenotype was 91.9%. For MRSA-ST30 clones, 96.7% were multi-drug resistant (MDR) with the most common pattern being resistant to ciprofloxacin, clindamycin and erythromycin. These results suggest the importance of MRSA in the field of epidemiology at a hospital in Thailand.
LINE-1 Retrotransposon-derived Proteins: The ORFull Truth?

Vuong, L.M. 1,2, Donovan, P.J.1,2,3* 1Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA 2Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA 3Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA *Correspondence should be addressed to Peter J Donovan; pdonovan@uci.edu
Exploring the antecedents of apparel disposal behaviors: A study of young U.S. consumers

To obtain a comprehensive view of the apparel disposal behaviors of young U.S. consumers, this study evaluated antecedents of apparel disposal behaviors using a framework based on the theory of reasoned action (TRA), categorization theory, and prior literature. Data were obtained from a convenience sample of undergraduate students at a large U.S. Midwestern university through a selfadministered online survey. A final sample of 358 usable surveys was analyzed through the use of structural equation modeling (SEM) with Amos. The results supported the proposed relationships between environmental apparel knowledge and attitude toward sustainable methods of apparel disposal. In addition, the proposed relationships between attitude and apparel disposal intention (intention to discard, donate, reuse, or resell) were all supported except for intention to resell. While the results showed a significant and positive relationship between subjective norms and intention to resell or donate apparel, no significant relationship was shown between subjective norms and intention to reuse or discard apparel. In addition, subjective norms were a positive and significant antecedent of attitude. Lastly, respondents’ intention to engage in a particular apparel disposal behavior corresponded with the actual apparel disposal behavior. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee SSBFNET, Istanbul, Turkey. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Fluoxetine Affects Intestinal Motility via 5-HT3 and Muscarinic Receptors in ex vivo Mouse Model

Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor anti-depressant, causes undesirable side effects, including diarrhea and constipation. This research investigated the direct effects of fluoxetine at 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μM on duodenal and proximal colonic tissue contractions. The investigation aimed to determine related mechanisms using an isolated mouse intestine model. Our study showed that fluoxetine at 0.001 μM increased the amplitude of contraction in colonic tissue but decreased the amplitude in duodenal tissue. The direct application of higher concentrations of fluoxetine (1, 10, and 100 μM) reduced the amplitude of contractions in proximal colonic tissue. Moreover, we found that the stimulatory effect of 0.001 μM fluoxetine on the tone of contractions could be prevented by pre-incubating the tissue in ondansetron and atropine. Our findings suggest that the inhibition of the effect of fluoxetine was mainly mediated via 5-HT3 receptors and muscarinic signaling. These findings might explain the conflicting gastrointestinal symptoms caused by fluoxetine.
A Systematic Review of The Effects of The Problem-Based Learning on The Development of Nursing and Medical Learners ’ Critical Thinking

Background In Oman, a traditional-lecturing based method in teaching health care learners students is often used by most educators. Despite its efficacy, this method is believed to be very passive in transmitting the information to students. Thus, an inquiry has been raised: Does PBL, compared with traditional lecturing method, promote nurses and medical learners’ critical thinking? Method This systematic review adhered to the Joanna Briggs Institute (2011) [JBI] guidelines. The electronic comprehensive search utilized six databases: the Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), the Educational Resources Information Centre (ERIC), British Education Index (BREI), PubMed and PsycINFO, searching for the articles published between 1990 and 2011, written in the English language and addressing the effectiveness of PBL in promoting nurses and medical learners’ critical thinking. Results Five of the studies showed PBL to be successful in promoting learners’ critical thinking, whereas only one study showed there was no significant difference between the PBL and lecture groups in developing critical thinking. Conclusion Overall, the evidence in this review did not support enough, scientifically, the evidence of the effectiveness of PBL in developing nurses and medical learners’ critical thinking. Therefore, there is a need for further research with more, and higher quality, RCT studies with large sample sizes to clarify the cause and effect of PBL on learners’ critical thinking within the nursing and medical educational context.
TERRESTRIAL ISOPODS ( ISOPODA , ONSICIDEA ) IN SEBI Ș TOWN , ARAD COUNTY ( ROMANIA )

In the Sebiș town from Arad County, western Romania, we recorded 17 terrestrial isopod species. The study was made in the autumn of 2017, with the direct collecting method. The most common isopod in Sebiș is a species linked to open areas (Trachelipus nodulosus). The most favorable habitat type for terrestrial isopods in Sebiş town was the periurban area, presenting the highest species richness. This habitat type is less affected by human activities compared to the other habitat types, thus it shelters species both with restrictive and larger ecological demands. Unlike another town from the region, Sebiş town is bordered north by forests. Native, forest and wetland species are present especially in the periurban area, some of them being present exclusively here. However, some of these species are present occasionally in the industrial area, which is mostly abandoned and situated at the town’s outskirts. The terrestrial isopod fauna from Sebiş underlines the importance of natural and forested areas close to the town, at least in the case of this group.
EFFECT OF ORAL PREGABALIN AS PRE MEDICATION IN REDUCING ACUTE POST-OPERATIVE PAIN IN HEAD AND NECK ONCOSURGICAL PATIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE, DOUBLE BLIND RANDOMIZED CONTROL STUDY

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of oral pregabalin in decreasing acute postoperative pain and opioid requirement in head and neck oncosurgery patients. Objectives: The primary objectives were to evaluate the reduction in opioid consumption and pain score during immediate postoperative period. The incidence of sedation, nausea and vomiting as well as hemodynamic stability were documented as secondary objectives. Background: Head and Neck Cancer surgery results in considerable postoperative pain and opioids in large amounts are required to control pain postoperatively, which leads to reduction of immunity and progression of tumor. Addition of pregabalin as a premedication could reduce central sensitization, total opioid consumption and prevent development of Chronic Post Surgical Pain (CPSP). Results: The results from our study show that 150 mg Pregabalin night (HS) & 1h before surgery significantly reduces visual analogue scores(VAS) and total morphine consumption during the first 24h, postoperatively. The total morphine consumption over 24 h was significantly lower (P 0.000) in Pregabalin group with a mean +/SD of 6.3 +/2.4 mg as compared to 12.2 +/4.9 mg in the control group. Conclusion: The results of the study confirms our hypothesis of pregabalin being an efficacious premedicant for reducing acute postoperative pain and opioid consumption in head and neck oncosurgery in the immediate postoperative period.
Comparison of interleukin-17 level in leprosy and non-leprosy patients at Dr

Leprosy is a chronic disease caused by an infection of Mycobacterium Leprae. Leprosy has several clinical types that correlate with the immune response. The study was conducted to analyze the differences in serum IL-17 levels between leprosy and non-leprosy patient in RSUP Dr. Muhammad Hoesin Palembang. Research design is case control. The study was conducted at Dr. Muhammad Hoesin Palembang General Hospital and IL-17 Examination was conducted at the Molecular Biology Laboratory, Medical Faculty of Sriwijaya University Palembang from January to February 2019. The case and control groups samples were 40 lepers and 40 medical personnel and paramedics who work at Dr. Muhammad Hoesin Palembang General Hospital and also patients family. The parameters studied were IL-17 levels, respondent status, clinical type of leprosy and respondent characteristics. Serum IL-17 is measured with ELISA. The average age of leprosy patient is 35 years, and non-leprosy is 36.5 years. The frequency of men (27) is higher in lepers and women (24) in non-lepers. MB patient (36) is higher compared to PB patient (4), and there are 19, 10, and 7 respondent of BL, LL, and BB patient respectively. And also there are 2 respondent of TT and BT patient. The median score of IL-17 levels for non-lepers are 47.86 pg/ml and for lepers are 102.86 pg/ml with p <0.05. Conclusion, there are significant differences in IL-17 levels in lepers and non-lepers at Dr. Muhammad Hoesin Palembang General Hospital.
New Perspectives on Therapeutic Approaches in Soft Tissue Sarcomas of the Extremities and Girdles

Soft tissue sarcomas are a very complex group of rare mesenchymal tumors, including more than 50 different entities [1]. Local relapse (10-30% of cases) and metastatic diffusion (40% of cases) are two main issues in the control of the disease. In limited pulmonary metastasis, surgical metastasectomy is the treatment of choice. When not surgically manageable, metastatic disease is treated with medical treatment. Unfortunately, the overall survival is poor (12-15 months). In order to improve this dismal result, three main fields of research have been explored [2,3]:
Comparison of Intravenous Lignocaine and Esmolol in Attenuating Hemodynamic Response and Cough Reflex during Extubation in Hypertensive Patients under General Anaesthesia

Tracheal extubation carries higher complication rates compared to intubation during general anaesthesia (GA). Thus, various drugs are used to attenuate hemodynamic responses and cough reflex during extubation. We investigated if intravenous (IV) lignocaine and esmolol, given prior extubation, was able to achieve that in hypertensive patients under GA. In this prospective, double-blinded, randomised controlled study, 68 hypertensive patients on treatment undergoing GA were analysed. Group L received IV lignocaine 1 mg/kg while Group E received IV esmolol 1.5 mg/kg, 2 minutes before extubation. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded at the following interval: before study drug administration (T-0), prior extubation (T-1), 1 minute (T-2), 3 minutes (T-3), 5 minutes (T-4) and 10 minutes (T-5) post-extubation. Group L showed significantly increase in HR at T-2 while SBP and MAP increased significantly from T-1 until T-5. Group E showed a significant reduction in HR at T-1 up to T-5 and significantly lower HR at T-1 and T-2 compared to Group L. Group E showed stable SBP, DBP and MAP at all intervals. In conclusion, IV esmolol at 1.5 mg/kg was able to attenuate the hemodynamic response more pronounced when compared to IV lignocaine at 1 mg/kg from extubation stress in patients with hypertension on treatment. Both lignocaine and esmolol were equally effective in suppressing cough reflex during extubation.
The advanced glycation end-products (AGEs)/ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome axis contributes to delayed diabetic corneal wound healing and nerve regeneration

Diabetic keratopathy (DK) is an important diabetic complication at the ocular surface. Chronic low-grade inflammation mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome promotes pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. However, the effect of the NLRP3 inflammasome on DK pathogenesis remains elusive. Wild-type (WT) and Nlrp3 knockout (KO) C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a type I diabetes model by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The effect of the NLRP3 inflammasome on diabetic corneal wound healing and never regeneration was examined by a corneal epithelial abrasion model. Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and pharmacological treatment were performed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and corneal wound healing in vivo. The cultured mouse corneal epithelial cells (TKE2) were used to evaluate the effect and mechanism of AGEs on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro. We revealed that NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation and pyroptosis contributed to DK pathogenesis. Under physiological conditions, the NLRP3 inflammasome was required for corneal wound healing and nerve regeneration. However, under a diabetic scenario, sustained activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome resulted in postponed corneal wound healing and impaired nerve regeneration. Mechanistically, the accumulated AGEs promoted hyperactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through ROS production. Moreover, genetically and pharmacologically blocking the AGEs/ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome axis significantly expedited diabetic corneal epithelial wound closure and nerve regeneration. Our results revealed that AGEs-induced hyperactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome resulted in delayed diabetic corneal wound healing and impaired nerve regeneration, which further highlighted the NLRP3 inflammasome as a promising target for DK treatment.
Revision Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction or Repair: A Systematic Review

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) reconstructions are uncommon knee procedures. Isolated PCL injuries have an annual incidence of 2 cases per 100,000 individuals [1]. Although many isolated PCL injuries do well without surgical intervention, recent literature has shown that PCL reconstructions are increasing because PCL deficiencies can alter strain concentration on the medial and compartments of the knee [2-6]. This ultimately can lead to osteoarthritis and other degenerative changes over time (7). The majority of cases undergoing reconstruction include 68% of patients with multiligamentous knee injuries, and the remaining 32% with high grade isolated PCL tears, and most studies report satisfactory outcomes [8-12]. Some residual posterior laxity is common after PCL reconstruction; however, a systematic review of primary PCL reconstruction found 25 out of 215 (11.6%, range [2.3-30%]) total grafts had failed [4].
Assessment of inflammatory bowel diseases among Taif community in Saudi Arabia

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a condition that affects gastrointestinal tract with a significant impact on the patients’ quality of life. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness and knowledge about IBD among the community in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Methods : A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire. The study included all public older than 18 years old and living in Taif, Saudi Arabia. A pre-designed questionnaire was designed to collect data about the participants’ knowledge about causes and complications of IBD, treatment, primary and secondary prevention of IBD. Results: In this study, 586 responses were collected in which it was found that 90.3% participants indicated having no history of colon conditions, while 4.8% had family history of IBD, 3.1% of ulcerative colitis and 1.9% were Crohn patients. Moreover, it was found that 5.5% participants did not have any knowledge about IBD, 42.7% had low level of knowledge and 9% had high level of knowledge. Conclusion: A significant low awareness toward IBD was found, especially toward management and complications of IBD among general public. The high-risk population were older participants, male gender, participants with low education, and participants without pervious history of IBD.
Like Father Like Son? Social Engineering and Intergenerational Housing Wealth Mobility

We estimate the rate of intergenerational housing wealth mobility in the context of large-scale social engineering programs in Singapore. Using 1996-2018 administrate data combined with full housing transaction records, we document upward mobility for children born to grass-roots parents, downward mobility for children born to middle-class parents, and high persistence for children of upper-class parents. The changing housing wealth status of children is mostly evident on the outskirts of the city-state, where the government promotes subsidized public housing. Intergenerational housing wealth mobility is stabilized through cross-class marriage. Our results shed lights for other countries on social engineering design.
AC AND NEGATIVE DC CORONA POWER LOSSES IN AN INDOOR CORONA CAGE

The effects of various parameters on conductor corona losses, under AC and negative DC voltages, have been demonstrated through measurements in an indoor corona cage. Corona losses are dependent on conductor surface gradient, type of applied voltage, conductor size and surface condition. The difference between losses under negative DC and AC voltages appear to be dependent on conductor diameter and surface condition.
Parents' Knowledge and Awareness of Orthodontics and Orthodontic Treatment in Saudi Arabia

Aim: To assess and study parents’ knowledge and awareness of orthodontics and orthodontic treatment of their children. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted at the King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from October to November 2020. A total of 218parents were included in this study. Demographic variables such as age, family status, occupation, nationality, education level and parents' knowledge as well as their awareness of orthodontics and orthodontic treatment were collected using a standardized, validated questionnaire consisting of 32 different statements. Results: The overall finding of the study showed a high level of knowledge and awareness of orthodontics and orthodontic treatment among parents although only 32.1% had previous orthodontic treatment, the majority of parents were university graduate (57.3%) and/or masters’ graduates (31.2%) which may be correlated to their high knowledge of orthodontics. Most parents (93.6%) stated that a beautiful smile is essential for the healthy development of the child's personality. More than 75% of parents reported that orthodontic treatment usually takes years and more than 84% of parents stated that poor oral hygiene usually leads to failure of orthodontic treatment. A higher percentage(93.6%) of parents knew it is not advisable to start the orthodontic treatment before treating carious teeth, and59.2% of parents reported orthodontic treatments are usually expensive. A higher percentage (95%) of parents stated that orthodontic treatment should be provided by a specialist orthodontist only, 77.5% stated that patients with braces can visit the hygienist during the orthodontic treatment and 88.5% stated that diagnosis and treatment plan could not be formulated without taking dental impressions and x-rays. Approximately 55% stated that the best age of orthodontic treatment depends on child's gender and orthodontic problem, and a higher percentage (86.2%) of parents stated that orthodontic treatment could be done at any age with adequate oral and dental health. A higher percentage (81.7%)of parents stated that the most important factor in choosing their orthodontist is his/her reputation, more than the cost or the brand of the hospital or polyclinic and91.3% of the parents will treat their children that need the most treatment regardless of their gender, no preferential treatment between the boys or the girls. Around 60% said that if they cannot afford the treatment they delay it, and 40% said they may take a loan to pay for it, the numbers were close for boys and girls. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a relatively high level of awareness and knowledge among parents in Saudi Arabia about orthodontics and orthodontic treatment. However, well designed randomized controlled trials with higher sample sizes are essential to validate our findings.
WHICH BANKS WERE MORE EFFECTIVE IN SUPPORTING CREDIT SUPPLY DURING THE PANDEMIC?

This note investigates which bank characteristics explain the observed heterogeneity in bank credit supply to non-financial corporations (NFCs) during the pandemic, focusing on both balance-sheet and organizational factors. According to the findings of the empirical analysis, bank credit developments were mostly unrelated to bank capital and liquidity buffers during the central months of the pandemic outbreak. The analysis confirms, instead, the importance of organizational indicators: intermediaries that rely more on digitalized processes for the provision of credit were able to expand lending faster, especially during the lockdown.