Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Promoting Public Retirement Savings Accounts during Tax Filing: Evidence from a Field Experiment

Many U.S. households — especially those with low- to moderate-incomes (LMI) — struggle to save for retirement. To address this issue, the Department of the Treasury launched myRA, a no-fee retirement account designed primarily to help people who lacked access to employer-sponsored plans build retirement savings. In this paper, we report findings from two myRA-focused field experiments, both of which were administered to well over 100,000 LMI online tax filers before and during the 2016 tax season. The first experiment involved sending one of three different myRA-focused email messages to tax filers immediately prior to tax season, and the second experiment involved incorporating myRA-focused messages and choice architecture directly into an online tax filing platform. Messages were chosen to address different barriers to retirement savings LMI households may face. We find that, though the general level of interest in myRA was very low in this population, interest and enrollment in myRA depends heavily on the way in which the benefits of the accounts are framed. Results from both experiments indicate that messages emphasizing the possibility of receiving a larger refund in the future were the most effective at increasing interest in myRA, while messages focused around the simplicity and ease of use of the accounts were less effective. We also conduct several sub-sample analyses to investigate the extent to which these effects differed by key household characteristics.
The role of zinc on the chemistry of complex intermetallic compounds

Combining experiments and electronic structure theory provides the framework to design and discover new families of complex intermetallic phases and to understand factors that stabilize both new and known phases. Using solid state synthesis and multiple structural determinations, ferromagnetic -Mn type Co8+xZn12–x was analyzed for their crystal and electronic structures. Inspection of the atomic arrangements of Co8+xZn12–x reveals that the Mn aristotype may be derived from an ordered defect, cubic Laves phase (MgCu2-type) structure. Structural optimization procedures using the Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package (VASP) and starting from the undistorted, defect Laves phase structure achieved energy minimization at the observed -Mn structure type, a result which offers greater insights into the -Mn structure type and establishes a closer relationship with the corresponding -Mn structure (cI58). Continuously, our research moved on Zn-rich -brasses Co-Zn system which has a homogeneity range Co2+xZn11–yy–x including a small concentration of vacancies as the Co content increased as well as clear site preference of Co atoms in the structure. Inspired by the electronic structure calculated for Co2Zn11, substituting Pd atoms for Zn or Co atoms in the Co-Zn system leads to the discovery of a ferromagnetic ( erromagnetic) Co2.5Pd2. 5Zn8 brass compound. To extend the research on Hume-Rothery phases, -brasses Fe-Pd-Zn system was also investigate to study the site preference of transition metals in Hume-Rothery phases. Additionally, establishing structure-property relationships for complex metal-rich materials, e.g., thermoelectric, magnetic and superconductors is related to both practical as well as fundamental issues. Cr22Sn24Zn72 and V23.3(1)Sn26.3(1)Zn68.4(1) crystallize in space
Big fish eat small fish: implications for food chain length?

Food chains in the pelagic zones of oceans and lakes are longer than in terrestrial ecosystems. The perception of the pelagic food web has become increasingly complex by progressing from a linear food chain (phytoplankton – crustacean zooplankton – planktivorous fish – predatory fish) to a food web because of an increasing appreciation of microbial trophic pathways, side-tracks by gelatinous zooplankton and a high prevalence of omnivory. The range of predator:prey size ratios by far exceeds the traditionally assumed range of 10:1 to 100:1, from almost equal length to 105:1. The size ratios between primary consumers and top predators are 3½ orders of magnitude bigger in pelagic than in terrestrial food webs. Comparisons between different pelagic ecosystems support ecosystem size as an important factor regulating the maximal trophic level, while energy limitation of the number of trophic levels is less well supported. An almost 1:1 relationship between ingestion by predators and prey mortality and a better chemical match between primary producer and herbivore biomass are further distinctive features of the pelagic food web whose role in explaining the higher number of trophic levels in pelagic systems needs further examination.
Expressed sequence tags (ESTs)?based computational identification of novel and conserved microRNAs in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small, single stranded non‒coding 17‒24 nucleotide long RNAs that regulates gene expression in plants and animals either by direct degradation of mRNA or inhibition of translation. Conventional approaches employed for the detection of miRNA are costly and time consuming. On the other hand, comparative genomics assisted with modern tools of bioinformatics provide an efficient and cost‒effective identification of novel and conserved miRNAs via homology search within known miRNAs. The present study reports computational identification of miRNAs present in the Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) of turmeric ( Curcuma longa L.), a plant known for its great medicinal and culinary value. A total of 12678 ESTs were assembled into 2710 contigs/unigenes and homology sequence search was performed against 4647 non‒redundant miRNAs of Viridiplantae. In total, 102 potential mature miRNAs showed homology with 51 contigs/unigenes. Subsequently, four novel miRNAs were identified in turmeric, which satisfied the potential miRNA criteria. These four miRNAs were further characterized for target gene prediction identifying 10 target genes with their putative functions. Our study provides a valuable resource on miRNAs in turmeric, and also suggests a methodology useful for the identification of novel and conserved miRNA in non‒model but important organisms, whose EST and genome sequence data are available in the public domain.
Agronomic characteristics, nutritional status and yield of corn intercropped with dwarf pigeon pea in different spatial arrangements of plants

Corn (Zea mays L.) is among the most produced crops in intercropping systems, mainly due to its architecture and ecophysiology. In intercropping systems, crop management should be planned to avoid interspecific competition for production factors such as water, light and nutrients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics, nutritional status and grain yield of corn intercropped with dwarf pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) in different arrangements of plants. The treatments consisted of different arrangements of dwarf pigeon pea intercropped with corn. In general, the arrangements did not negatively influence the agronomic characteristics and the growth of Poaceae legume. Sowing dwarf pigeon pea in the same rows as corn and in two rows between them increased nitrogen content in corn plants, as well as provided a higher grain yield than other arrangements including the corn monoculture. The evaluated intercropping system is a promising alternative system for a more sustainable agricultural production, with less dependence on synthetic fertilizers.
Ponzi Schemes: An Analysis on Coping with Economic Recession in Nigeria

The proliferation of Ponzi schemes in Nigeria appear to coincide with the official declaration of economic recession in early 2016. It is therefore pertinent to empirically investigate the nexus between the recession and Ponzi schemes in the country. Anchored theoretically on Robert Merton’s Strain Theory the study was guided by two research objectives and one hypothesis. The snow-balling sampling technique was used to select 135 Ponzi scheme participants from Rivers, Bayelsa and Anambra States. Descriptive analysis of the results was undertaken in tables, charts and graphs. The findings revealed amongst others that MMM, Ultimate cycler, Givers Forum, Get Help World Wide were the major Ponzi schemes in Nigeria. It was also found that Ponzi schemes are a coping strategy for economic recession. The paper posits that until the economic downturn is adequately addressed and the economy revamped, Ponzi schemes would continue to thrive in Nigeria. It recommended economic revitalisation through effective economic diversification policies that will enhance provision of socio-economic livelihood as palliatives to recession induced strain.
Atmospheric Turbulence: A Molecular Dynamics Perspective

PREFACE 1. Introduction 2. Initial Survey of Observations 3. Relevant Subjects 4. Generalized Scale Invariance, Theory and Observation 5. Temperature Intermittancy and Ozone Photodissociation 6. Radiative, Chemical Kinetic and Cloud Physical Implications 7. Non-Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics 8. Summary, Quo Vadimus? and Quotations BIBLIOGRAPHY GLOSSARY
Evaluation of selected platinum group metal complexes as chemiluminescence reagents

This research extends the investigations into the chemiluminescence and electrochemiluminescence of platinum group metal reagents and their applications. The effect of the chemical nature of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) and selected analogues on the chemiluminescence reaction is further explored, and this chemistry is extended to include novel iridium(III) and osmium(II) based chemiluminescence reagents.
Monitoring and Engineering of the Stem Cell Microenvironment: Inkjet Printing of Growth Factors onto Novel Scaffolds for Controlling Musculoskeletal Stem Cell Differentiation and Alignment

Due to the enormous potential and impact that stem cells may have on regenerative medicine, there has been a rapidly growing interest for tools to analyze and characterize the behaviors of these cells in vitro in an automated and high throughput fashion. Among these behaviors, mitosis, or cell division, is important since stem cells proliferate and renew themselves through mitosis. However, current automated systems for measuring cell proliferation often require destructive or sacrificial methods of cell manipulation such as cell lysis or in vitro staining. In this paper, we propose an effective approach for automated mitosis detection using phase-contrast time-lapse microscopy, which is a nondestructive imaging modality, thereby allowing continuous monitoring of cells in culture. In our approach, we present a probabilistic model for event detection, which can simultaneously 1) identify spatio-temporal patch sequences that contain a mitotic event and 2) localize a birth event, defined as the time and location at which cell division is completed and two daughter cells are born. Our approach significantly outperforms previous approaches in terms of both detection accuracy and computational efficiency, when applied to multipotent C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal and C2C12 myoblastic stem cell populations.
Diffusionally-accommodated Grain Boundary Sliding: Effects on Seismic Wave Attenuation

According to existing experiments on fine-grained polycrystalline mantle materials, in the seismic frequency band, mechanical loss Q -1 decreases with increasing angular frequency o roughly Q -1 s dissipation is confined to that interfacial (grain boundary) region having an effective viscosity. It occurs by two processes: time-periodic shearing of the interfacial region; and time-periodic diffusion of matter along the interface. Two timescales govern these processes; namely, a characteristic time t e when the corner angle varies from one corner to another along the interface , the rate of decrease in Q -1 gradually slows. Ultimately Q -1 is controlled by the corner having the most singular stress behaviour. Though these results are obtained from the idealized bicrystal model, we argue physically that similar behaviour will be found in numerical models of polycrystal. Overall, our analysis suggests that the range of &alpha -values found empirically may, in part, reflect the differing ranges of &omega t D covered in different experiments.Because in experiments conducted on certain materials, a weak and broad peak superposed onto the power--law absorption background is observed in the loss spectrum whereas in others, the peak is completely absent, we evaluate three proposed factors that may weaken and broaden the peak. We show that the peak can be weaken moderately by (i) sharpening of corners along the interface, (ii) spatial variation in grain size and (iii) spatial variation in interfacial (grain boundary) viscosity. Reduction of the peak by these factors, however, does not suggest it to be completely hidden in the absorption background. By contrast, we show that the loss peak can be markedly broadened if the interfacial viscosity differs by an order of magnitude across adjacent interfaces. The shape of the loss peak is insensitive to the other two factors.
Florida Strawberry Growers Need More Early Yield to Improve Profitability

Fresh strawberries are a major US fruit crop. This 3-page fact sheet written by Feng Wu, Zhengfei Guan, and Vance Whitaker and published by the UF/IFAS Food and Resource Economics Department summarizes recent research on strawberry yield patterns and how they are predicted to affect profits. It is intended primarily for those involved in Extension, marketing, policy-making, production, and research related to the Florida strawberry industry. We believe that a better understanding of yield and price dynamics will be valuable to industry decision-makers. http://edis.ifas. ufl.edu/fe1032
Characterising the kinetics of high temperature browning in foods : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Food and Bioprocess Engineering at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand

Kinetic models for describing the Maillard reaction have been developed extensively but a versatile model has not been obtained because this reaction is very complex. The objective of this research was to develop a kinetic model to describe and predict the Maillard browning reaction occurring at the surface of foods during high temperature cooking. Commercial frozen pastry dough and processed potato product were used as the model food in this study. The progress of brown colour development was determined using image analysis methods in the CIE colour space (L*a*b* scale). The lightness (L*) was found to be the best parameter to represent the browning reaction in these products. The lightness-time curve followed first order kinetics. The effects of temperature and moisture content on the Maillard browning reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars were studied. The effect of moisture content was investigated by baking pastry samples at five different initial moisture contents (44.55, 33.89, 22.92, 10.95 and 9.18 wt% of d.b.) on a hot temperature controlled pan at 160°C for 60 minutes. The lightness-time curve was fitted with a first order kinetic model by non linear regression using the recorded surface temperature history as an input to obtain the initial lightness (L*0), endpoint or final lightness (L*∞) and kinetic rate constants (k). Statistical analysis (ANOVA) was used to test the effect of moisture content on these parameters. The result showed that the moisture content had no significant effect on the browning kinetics of pastry at the 95% confidence level (P<0.05). The moisture content had the most influence on the initial lightness (P<0.005), whereas the final lightness was moderately affected (P<0.05). Consequently, the effect of moisture content on the lightness was not considered as a major factor for browning reaction and was not included in the model for this study. Moisture content
HUBUNGAN MOTIVASI MEMASUKI DUNIA KERJA DENGAN KESIAPAN KERJA SISWA KELAS XII TEKNIK KOMPUTER DAN INFORMATIKA SMK N 2 PADANG

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Hubungan Motivasi Memasuki Dunia Kerja dengan Kesiapan Kerja Siswa Kelas XII Teknik Komputer dan Informatika SMK N 2 Padang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi adalah siswa kelas XII Teknik Komputer dan Informatika SMK Negeri 2 padang pada tahun pelajaran 2014/2015 dengan jumlah 47 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu uji normalitas, uji linearitas, serta uji hipotesis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa “Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara motivasi memasuki dunia kerja dengan kesiapan kerja siswa kelas XII Teknik Komputer dan Informatika SMK N 2 Padang sebesar 3,760”. Ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi motivasi memasuki dunia kerja maka makin tinggi pula kesiapan untuk bekerja.
How Smokers Change Their World and How the World Responds: Testing the Oscillatory
 Nature of Micro-Psychokinetic Observer Effects on Addiction-Related Stimuli

According to standard quantum theory, the occurrence of a specifi c outcome during a quantum measurement is completely random (see Bell 1964). However, some authors refer to revised versions of quantum mechanics (e.g., Walker 2000, Penrose & Hameroff 2011, Mensky 2013, Stapp 2017), and propose that the human mind can actually infl uence the probability of such outcomes. Empirical support for this idea has been provided by micro-psychokinesis (micro-PK) research, which shows a small but signifi cant overall eff ect (see Bösch, Steinkamp, & Boller 2006). However, attempts to replicate specifi c fi ndings have often failed (e.g., Jahn et al. 2000), a critique that is not exclusive to psi paradigms. In an attempt to explain these failures, von Lucadou, Römer, and Walach (2007) established a theoretical model predicting unsystematic variations of such an infl uencing eff ect across replications, resulting in a decline of a predictable eff ect in micro-PK data over time. Maier, Dechamps, and Pfl itsch (2018) slightly expanded this theory by proposing that the temporal variation of such an eff ect follows a systematic pattern, which can be tested and used for prediction making. In this research, we generated such a prediction using data from two previous studies that initially demonstrated a strong microPK followed by a subsequent decline in the eff ect over the course of 297 participants (Maier & Dechamps 2018); we then put it to the test with a preregistered additional set of newly collected data from 203 subjects. We compared these results with 10,000 simulated datasets (each set with an N = 203) each comprising random data. Three tests were applied to the experimental data: an area-under-the-curve analysis, a local maximum fi t test, and an endpoint fi t test. These tests revealed no signifi cant fi t of the real Journal of Scientifi c Exploration, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 406–434, 2019 0892-3310/19 Te s t i n g M i c r o P K O b s e r v e r E f f e c t s o n Ad d i c t i o n R e l a t e d S t i m u l i 407 data regarding the predicted data pattern. Further analyses explored additional techniques, including an analysis of the highest-reached Bayes Factor (BF) over the course of the experiments, the overall orientation of the BF curve, and its transformation into oscillatory components via a Fourier analysis. All these methods allowed for statistically signifi cant diff erentiations between experimental data on the one side, and the control group and simulation data on the other. We conclude that the analyses of the temporal development of an eff ect along these lines constitute a fruitful approach toward testing non-random and volatile time trends within micro-PK data.
Determinants of Early-Stage Technology Venture Valuation by Business Angels and Venture Capitalists

The valuation of early-stage ventures represents a difficult and often subjective process and is characterised by risk and uncertainty. This can be further stressed for technology-driven ventures, having substantial technological risks. We therefore approached existing research on the determinants of early-stage technology venture valuation in a structured way through means of a systematic literature review (SLR). Whereas general valuation determinants strongly focus on personality and experience of the founders as well as market potential, technology venture valuation is strongly influenced by the existence and quality of alliances with corporations and investors as well as patents. We consider these determinants as crucial in technology venture valuation to ensure market access, to signal a strong belief in the technology and to provide proof of a high degree of innovation, thereby noticeably reducing technology-specific complexity and uncertainty.
Rapid establishment of mild cognitive impairment models in rats

Objective To explore method of rapidly establishing mild cognitive impairment models in rats by D-galactose (D-gal) and the appropriate dose. Methods Totally 100 male SD rats, the model groups A, B, C, D were given hypodermic injection of D-gal with the concentration of 100, 300, 1 000, 2 000 mg/(kg·day) respectively for 1 week, and the control group O received the same volume of saline. After injection, the Morris water maze (MWM) began, then the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brain homogenate were determined, and the pathomorphologic changes of the hippocampus were observed by HE staining. Results (1) The survival rate of each group was 100%. The weight of group D gained less and the swimming speed was slower than in group O. (2) At day 2-5 of the place navigation test of MWM, the escape latencies in group C and D were prolonged as compared withthose in group O. For in the spatial probe test, the number of crossing the platform in 60 s of groups C and D was (3.05±0.76) and (2.05±0.69) respectively, significantly less than in group O (4.40±1.05, P=0.000, 0.000). (3) In groups C and D, the levels of MDA were (29.19±2.35) and (32.57±2.05) respectively, significantly higher than in group O [(20.52±2.08) ng/ml, P=0.000, 0.000]. The levels of SOD were (1.46±0.12) and (1.34±0.13) IU/ml respectively, significantly lower than in group O [(1.74±0.12) IU/ml, P=0.001, 0.000]. The levels of AChE were (3.52±0.70) and (4.02±0.39) ng/ml respectively, significantly higher than in group O [(1.72±0.33) ng/ml, P=0.000, 0.000]. (4) The pathomorphologic changes of the hippocampus showed: in group C, several pyramidal cells lost, density of cell was slightly decreased, pyknotic nucleis increased and some pyramidal cells were dark-stained and a small amount of apoptotic cells were seen in the CA1 region of hippocampus, while cerebral white matter was normal; in group D, density of pyramidal cells was significantly decreased, arrange was obviously loose and in a mess, and large number of cells were condensed, dark-stained and apoptosis occurred in the CA1 region. Conclusion Rats given hypodermic injection of D-gal with 1 000 mg/(kg·day) conformed to the pathological process and its characteristics of mild cognitive impairment. Key words: D-galactose; Mild cognitive impairment; Model, animal
Crowdfunding: A Short Past and Long Future

Early research on crowdfunding has shed light on the phenomenon by tapping on diverse theoretical perspectives but has remained largely siloed. In view of the fragmented literature on the topic, ample scholarly opportunities exist for addressing interesting research questions and studying crowdfunding at varying levels of analysis, contexts and geographies. In this paper, we seek to encourage future inquiries by identifying significant research gaps. We perform a systematic review of the fragmented literature and critically discuss the application of management theories at four distinct levels of analysis (fundraisers, projects, funders and platforms).