Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Targeted killing of CD133+ lung cancer stem cells using paclitaxel-loaded PLGA-PEG nanoparticles with CD133 aptamers].

OBJECTIVE To construct a polylactic acid-glycolic acid-polyethylene glycol (PLGA-PEG) nanocarrier (N-Pac-CD133) coupled with a CD133 nucleic acid aptamer carrying paclitaxel for eliminating lung cancer stem cells (CSCs). METHODS Paclitaxel-loaded N-Pac-CD133 was prepared using the emulsion/solvent evaporation method and characterized. CD133+ lung CSCs were separated by magnetic bead separation and identified for their biological behaviors and gene expression profile. The efficiency of paclitaxel-loaded N-Pac-CD133 for targeted killing of lung cancer cells was assessed in vitro. SCID mice were inoculated with A549 cells and received injections of normal saline, empty nanocarrier linked with CD133 aptamer (N-CD133), paclitaxel, paclitaxel-loaded nanocarrier (N-Pac) or paclitaxel-loaded N-Pac-CD133 (n=8, 5 mg/kg paclitaxel) on days 10, 15 and 20, and the tumor weight and body weight of the mice were measured on day 40. RESULTS Paclitaxel-loaded N-Pac-CD133 showed a particle size of about 100 nm with a high encapsulation efficiency (>80%) and drug loading rate (>8%), and was capable of sustained drug release within 48 h. The CD133+ cell population in lung cancer cells showed the characteristic features of lung CSCs, including faster growth rate (30 days, P=0.001) and high expressions of tumor stem cell markers OV6(P < 0.001), CD133 (P=0.001), OCT3/4 (P=0.002), EpCAM (P=0.04), NANOG (P=0.005) and CD44 (P=0.02). Compared with N-Pac and free paclitaxel, paclitaxel-loaded N-Pac-CD133 showed significantly enhanced targeting ability and cytotoxicity against lung CSCs in vitro (P < 0.001) and significantly reduced the formation of tumor spheres (P < 0.001). In the tumor-bearing mice, paclitaxel-loaded N-Pac-CD133 showed the strongest effects in reducing the tumor mass among all the treatments (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION CD133 aptamer can promote targeted delivery of paclitaxel to allow targeted killing of CD133+ lung CSCs. N-Pac-CD133 loaded with paclitaxel may provide an effective treatment for lung cancer by targeting the lung cancer stem cells.
Examination of multiple birth as a predictor of autism symptom severity and developmental functioning in an early intervention sample

ABSTRACT Multiple birth is one of several perinatal factors associated with increased risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, complexity in its relationship to ASD symptoms and developmental functioning remains. The present study investigated perinatal risk factors for ASD, primarily focusing on birth status, within a large early intervention sample. In particular, the relationship between ASD, perinatal factors, and the effect of birth status on developmental functioning and ASD symptom severity were examined in youth with and without ASD classification who were born singly or were the product of a multiple birth. Overall, the presence of other perinatal risk factors, including prematurity, low birth weight, and advanced parental age, was primarily related to birth status and not to ASD classification, while severity of ASD symptoms and developmental impairments were primarily related to ASD classification and not to birth status. Study findings and implications for early screening of children with developmental delays are discussed.
Quantitative assessment of brainstem distortion in vestibular schwannoma and its implication in occurrence of hydrocephalus

Abstract Purpose Anatomical distortion directly affects the clinical status of patients with vestibular schwannomas (VSs). It may vary for a given tumor size due to variability in posterior fossa anatomy. We aimed to quantitatively assess brainstem distortion (BSD) and review its role in occurrence of hydrocephalus associated with VSs. Methods Sixty-six patients with small (<3 cm, n= 8; 12.1%); large (3–4 cm; n= 26; 39.4%) and giant (>4 cm; n= 32; 48.5%) VSs were included. Cystic VSs were excluded. Tumor size, tumor-extent, linear displacement (LD; distance between line bisecting pons (line 1) and posterior fossa midline (line 2)) and angular distortion (AD; angle subtended between lines 1 and 2) in axial-T2-MRI section through pons, and their effect on hydrocephalus were assessed. Results Significant BSD occurred in a younger age (p value = .004/.003), larger-sized tumor (p value = .001/.002), hydrocephalus (p value = .001/.001), trigeminal (V) nerve palsy (p value = .004/.003) and long tract signs (p value = .001/.034). Tumors crossing midline had significant association with hydrocephalus (p value = .003). LD increased progressively even for 4–5 cm-sized tumors while AD stabilized. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that diagnostic accuracy of LD (area under the ROC curve (AUROC): 78.9% (95% CI: 67.2%, 90.5%, p < .001)), AD (AUROC:77.6% (95% CI:65.8%, 89.5%, p < .001)) and LD × AD (AUROC:80.3% (95% CI: 69.2%, 91.2%, p < .001)) for predicting occurrence of hydrocephalus was better than tumor size (AUROC: 66.7% (95% CI: 53.5%, 79.9%, p < .05). Cut-off values of LD and AD for predicting occurrence of hydrocephalus were 6.25 mm and 14.6°, respectively. Hydrocephalus was significantly more when both LD was greater than 6.25 mm and AD was greater than 14.5° (p value = .034). The role of LD and AD in influencing hydrocephalus was greater than categorization based on tumor size (Spearman’s correlation coefficient: 0.535 and 0.248, respectively). Hydrocephalus occurred at a lesser cut-off value of LD and AD when compared to long tract signs. Conclusions LD and AD values in VSs have a significantly greater influence in the development of hydrocephalus compared to tumor size, and may aid, more reliably, in the prediction of hydrocephalus.
Ultrasound-guided wire localization biopsy in non-palpable breast lesions: predictive factors for malignancy.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of ultrasound-guided excisional biopsy in patients with nonpalpable breast lesions and examine factors associated with malignancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 380 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided excisional biopsy for suspected nonpalpable breast masses, between May 2012 and 2018, were retrospectively examined. Histopathological results of the patients were compared regarding age, ultrasound findings, ultrasonographic and mammographic Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categories and factors predicting malignancy were determined. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 48.35 ± 11.23 (17-86) years. There was a history of breast cancer in the families of 22 (5.8%) patients, and 187 (49.2%) patients were in menopause. The complication rate was found to be 6.6%. Malignant lesions were detected in 76 (20%) patients and benign lesions were detected in 304 (79.99%) patients. Some benign lesions were high-risk lesions (16.8%). Most of the patients with malignant lesions had early-stage breast cancer (83.3%). In univariate analyzes, ultrasonographic BI-RADS, mammographic BI-RADS and age variables were found to be associated with malignancy (p = 0.0001). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, ultrasonographic and mammographic BI-RADS values were found to be risk factors for malignancy (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS BI-RADS scoring was used to determine risk factors in predicting malignancy in the evaluation of suspected nonpalpable lesions. The ultrasound-guided wire localization biopsy is a useful method in nonpalpable breast lesions with suspected malignancy that cannot be diagnosed by core/vacuum biopsy or in cases where incompatibility between pathology and radiology results exists.
Drawing compared to writing in a diary enhances recall of autobiographical memories

ABSTRACT Drawing at encoding has been shown to improve later recall of to-be-remembered words, pictures, and academic terms, compared to when one simply writes out the target information. Here we examined whether drawing in a diary, compared to writing in it, differentially improved later memorability of personal autobiographical events, and whether aging influenced the magnitude of this effect. Thirty younger and thirty older adults were given a diary booklet, and instructed to use it to reminisce about a random daily event of their choosing, on 12 days within a two-week period. They recorded the event on each day in one of two ways, counterbalanced within-subject: by writing about or by drawing a picture of the event. Participants also generated a keyword descriptor for each event. After the two-week period, participants were cued using their keyword descriptors to recall each autobiographical memory by writing it down. Self-reported match accuracy, between reminisced and recalled events was tabulated. Across age groups, match accuracy was significantly higher for those drawn than written during the reminiscing phase. In addition, we compared the word count, level of detail, visual imagery, and point of view of the recalled memories. Self-reports of the level of detail in the recalled memory were better maintained for events drawn compared to written during the reminiscing stage, and better maintained in older than younger adults. Our findings suggest the use of drawing, while reminiscing within a diary format, enhances accuracy and quality of later recollections.
Consumer adoption of smart in-store technology: assessing the predictive value of attitude versus beliefs in the technology acceptance model

ABSTRACT An explosion of smart technologies provides fashion retailers with innovative ways to transform the shopping experience and capitalise on strategic opportunities. Due to the fast growth of smart in-store technology (SIST) applications in retailing (e.g. tablets, smartphones, WiFi, augmented reality, apps, video, virtual catalogues, and smart tags), it is critical for academic researchers as well as retailers to understand consumer responses to these technologies. Thus, we examined the applicability of the technology acceptance model (TAM) for explaining consumer adoption of SIST. Online survey data (N = 657) were collected from US consumer panels managed by a marketing research firm in three different SIST settings (i.e. virtual mirror, socially interactive dressing room, and Radio Frequency IDentification music tag). The data indicated that the effects of the TAM beliefs on behavioural intention varied across the three SIST settings. Results also showed mixed evidence about the full mediating role of attitude in applying the TAM to SIST.
Rituximab‐treated patients with lymphoma develop strong CD8 T‐cell responses following COVID‐19 vaccination

B‐cell depletion induced by anti‐cluster of differentiation 20 (CD20) monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy of patients with lymphoma is expected to impair humoral responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccination, but effects on CD8 T‐cell responses are unknown. Here, we investigated humoral and CD8 T‐cell responses following two vaccinations in patients with lymphoma undergoing anti‐CD20‐mAb therapy as single agent or in combination with chemotherapy or other anti‐neoplastic agents during the last 9 months prior to inclusion, and in healthy age‐matched blood donors. Antibody measurements showed that seven of 110 patients had antibodies to the receptor‐binding domain of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike protein 3–6 weeks after the second dose of vaccination. Peripheral blood CD8 T‐cell responses against prevalent human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I SARS‐CoV‐2 epitopes were determined by peptide‐HLA multimer analysis. Strong CD8 T‐cell responses were observed in samples from 20/29 patients (69%) and 12/16 (75%) controls, with similar median response magnitudes in the groups and some of the strongest responses observed in patients. We conclude that despite the absence of humoral immune responses in fully SARS‐CoV‐2‐vaccinated, anti‐CD20‐treated patients with lymphoma, their CD8 T‐cell responses reach similar frequencies and magnitudes as for controls. Patients with lymphoma on B‐cell depleting therapies are thus likely to benefit from current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines, and development of vaccines aimed at eliciting T‐cell responses to non‐Spike epitopes might provide improved protection.
The morphology of fabella and its prevalence in Turkish society.

OBJECTIVE Fabella is a sesamoid whose prevalence is unstable and can be found as bone or cartilage, which changes over time. This study aims to reveal the prevalence, distribution, gender differences, and morphometric characteristics of cartilage and bony fabella in the Turkish population. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 2.035 individuals over 18 years of age. MR images of 121 individuals, whose MR images of both knees could be obtained by anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the participants, were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS The prevalence of fabella was 39.6% in females, 38.4% in males, and 38.8% in total. The prevalence of cartilage fabella was 9.1%, whereas bone fabella incidence was 29.7% regardless of gender. The fabella's mean thickness, width, length, and distance to the epicondylus lateralis femoris were 3.84 mm, 6.04 mm, 6.23, and 31.26 mm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The data of this study showing the occurrence and morphometric characteristics of bony and cartilaginous fabella allow early and accurate diagnosis of various pathological conditions caused by fabella.
Small Noncoding RNA (sncRNA1) within the Latency-Associated Transcript Modulates Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Virulence and the Host Immune Response during Acute but Not Latent Infection

HSV-1 latency-associated transcript (LAT) plays a major role in establishing latency and reactivation; however, the mechanism by which LAT controls these processes is largely unknown. In this study, we sought to establish the role of the small noncoding RNA1 (sncRNA1) encoded within LAT during HSV-1 ocular infection. Our results suggest that sncRNA1 has a protective role during acute ocular infection by modulating the innate immune response to infection. ABSTRACT The HSV-1 latency-associated transcript (LAT) locus contains two small noncoding RNA (sncRNA) sequences (sncRNA1 and sncRNA2) that are not microRNAs (miRNAs). We recently reported that sncRNA1 is more important for in vitro activation of the herpesvirus entry mediator than sncRNA2, but its in vivo function is not known. To determine the role, if any, of sncRNA1 during herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection in vivo, we deleted the 62-bp sncRNA1 sequence in HSV-1 strain McKrae using dLAT2903 (LAT-minus) virus, creating ΔsncRNA1 recombinant virus. Deletion of the sncRNA1 in ΔsncRNA1 virus was confirmed by complete sequencing of ΔsncRNA1 virus and its parental virus (i.e., McKrae). Replication of ΔsncRNA1 virus in tissue culture or in the eyes of infected mice was similar to that of HSV-1 strain McKrae and dLAT2903 viruses. However, the absence of sncRNA1 significantly reduced the levels of ICP0, ICP4, and gB but not LAT transcripts in infected rabbit skin cells in vitro. In contrast, the absence of sncRNA1 did reduce LAT expression in trigeminal ganglia (TG), but not in corneas, by day 5 postinfection (p.i.) in infected mice. Levels of eye disease in mice infected with ΔsncRNA1 or McKrae virus were similar, and despite reduced LAT levels in TG during acute ΔsncRNA1 infection, McKrae and ΔsncRNA1 viruses did not affect latency or reactivation on day 28 p.i. However, mice infected with ΔsncRNA1 virus were more susceptible to ocular infection than their wild-type (WT) counterparts. Expression of host immune response genes in corneas and TG of infected mice during primary infection showed reduced expression of beta interferon (IFNβ) and IFNγ and altered activation of key innate immune pathways, such as the JAK-STAT pathway in ΔsncRNA1 virus compared with parental WT virus. Our results reveal novel functions for sncRNA1 in upregulating the host immune response and suggest that sncRNA1 has a protective role during primary ocular HSV-1 infection. IMPORTANCE HSV-1 latency-associated transcript (LAT) plays a major role in establishing latency and reactivation; however, the mechanism by which LAT controls these processes is largely unknown. In this study, we sought to establish the role of the small noncoding RNA1 (sncRNA1) encoded within LAT during HSV-1 ocular infection. Our results suggest that sncRNA1 has a protective role during acute ocular infection by modulating the innate immune response to infection.
Seeking relationships between Internet addiction and depressiveness, daytime sleepiness, as well as perceived social support in young adults.

OBJECTIVE An assessment of the scale of Internet addiction among young adults and seeking relationships between Internet addiction and chosen sociodemographic variables, perceived social support, prevalence of depressiveness, and excessive daytime sleepiness. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study was carried out using a diagnostic poll method with author's own questionnaire as well as standardized diagnostic tools: The Internet Addiction Test (IAT), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), as well as The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). RESULTS The study was conducted on 567 individuals. Pathological Internet use was identified in 1.41% of the surveyed. Perceived social support was significantly lower in the group of respondents who pathologically used Internet in comparison with ones who used Internet in the proper way. Severity of depressiveness symptoms and daytime sleepiness was significantly higher in respondents who were addicted to Internet in comparison with not addicted individuals. CONCLUSIONS The scale of pathological Internet use among surveyed was low. Problematic Internet use refers to women and men to the same degree, as well as to single people and individuals in relationships. Persons who work and do not study as well as residents of large and medium cities more frequently use Internet in a more pathological way than individuals who study and live-in small cities and in the countryside. Internet addiction creates a significant relationship with the prevalence of more severe symptoms of depressiveness and excessive daytime sleepiness, whereas pathological pattern of Internet use more often concerns individuals whose perception of social support is low.
Motivations Toward Using Digital Health and Exploring the Possibility of Using Digital Health for Mental Health in Bangladesh University Students: Cross-sectional Questionnaire Study

Background Digital health is efficacious for the management and prevention of mental health (MH) problems. It is particularly helpful for the young adult population, who appreciate the autonomy digital health provides, and in low-income countries, where the prevalence of MH problems is high but the supply of professionals trained in MH is low. Objective The objectives of this study are 2-fold: to determine whether university students in Bangladesh find using digital health for MH promotion acceptable and to examine motivational factors for using digital health for MH. Methods This study used a cross-sectional survey to examine the likelihood that university students in Bangladesh (n=311) would use different forms of digital health platforms for MH promotion and assessed drivers of intention to use and actual use of digital health generally and digital health for MH through the lens of the Technology Acceptance Model. The results provided evidence that the university student population in Bangladesh is likely to use digital health to promote their MH. Results Social influence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.68, 95% CI 1.40-2.01; P<.001), ease of use (aOR 1.85, 95% CI 1.35-2.53; P<.001), and perceived usefulness (aOR 4.12, 95% CI 1.79-9.51; P=.001) of digital health were found to be significant drivers of the intention to use general digital health, and having an intention to use digital health (aOR 2.10, 95% CI 1.17-3.78; P=.01) had the greatest influence on actual use of digital health. Social influence (aOR 1.71, 95% CI 1.43-2.04; P<.001), perceived usefulness (aOR 8.92, 95% CI 4.18-19.04; P<.001), and use of general digital health (aOR 2.16, 95% CI 1.18-3.97; P=.01) were associated with higher intention to use digital health for MH. The use of general digital health (aOR 4.19, 95% CI 2.37-7.41; P<.001) was associated with the actual use of digital health for MH, as were greater non–stigma-related barriers to using traditional clinical MH services (aOR 2.05, 95% CI 1.10-3.80; P=.02). Conclusions Overall, we see that the use of digital health for MH is acceptable in this population and can be helpful for students who perceive barriers to receiving traditional care. We also gain insight into how to promote the intention to use digital health, which in turn promotes the actual use of digital health.
n-3 PUFA can reduce IL-6 and TNF levels in patients with cancer

Abstract Current studies on inhibitory effects of n-3 PUFA on pro-inflammatory cytokines have inconsistent results. Thus, a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials was conducted to identify the effects of n-3 PUFA administration on circulating IL-6 and TNF in patients with cancer. Studies that examined the effects of n-3 PUFA administration on circulating IL-6 and TNF in patients with cancer were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE from January 1975 to February 2021. Differences in n-3 PUFA administration and control conditions were determined by calculating standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95 % CI. Twenty studies involving 971 patients met the inclusion criteria. The overall SMD were 0·485 (95 % CI 0·087, 0·883) for IL-6 and 0·712 (95 % CI 0·461, 0·962) for TNF between n-3 PUFA administration and control conditions. Sources of heterogeneity were not found through subgroup and meta-regression analyses. Publication bias was observed in TNF with a slight contribution to the effect size. n-3 PUFA can reduce circulating IL-6 and TNF levels in patients with cancer. Results supported the recommendation of n-3 PUFA as adjuvant therapy for patients with cancer, possibly excluding head and neck cancer, owing to their anti-inflammatory properties.