Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Negotiating Gender

Abstract This paper analyses the parliamentary debates over two key pieces of legislation on family law approved in Chile between 1994 and 2004. The aim is to identify the discursive representations on gender and family predominant in these debates. These representations and the way in which they were negotiated in Congress, it will be argued, were a key factor in determining the approval and final text of each of the bills examined. When women's demands for greater autonomy were in tension with prevalent ideas on the traditional, hetero-normative family, such tension was resolved in favour of the latter as the discursive category that allowed negotiations to progress. As a result, although the new legislation brought about positive change, it did retain the ideal of the traditional, sanctioned-by-marriage family at its basis, and as the one the State should protect. Methodologically, this paper is based on the qualitative analysis of 4000 pages of parliamentary debate and in-depth interviews with legislators and government officials directly involved in the debate on each of the laws examined here.
Enchanted Parklands

Abstract What is the religious or spiritual significance of the Australian natural environment to non-Indigenous Australians? This question is asked in relation to the parklands along the Georges River, in south-western Sydney, and some of the ethnic groups who live in the ‘social catchment’ of these parklands. The post-Reformation rationalist Christianity of Anglo-Celtic migrants led to a degree of institutional religious disengagement with nature, a disenchantment of places, that may tend to obscure the spiritual tone of the relationship that many Anglo-Australians clearly do have with the natural environment. Migrants from East Asia can be seen to be drawing their cultural links closer to the natural landscape as it exists in and around Sydney by engaging this landscape with wider narratives of emplaced spiritual presence. This situation is evident in the construction of Buddhist forest monasteries, the practice of meditation in the bush and in the mapping of geomantic forces and flows.
Aqueous Pesticide Degradation by Ozonation and Ozone-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes: A Review (Part I)

Pesticide pollution of surface water and groundwater has been recognized as a major problem in many countries because of their persistence in aquatic environment and potential adverse health effects. Among various water and wastewater treatment options, ozonation and ozone-based advanced oxidation processes, such as ozone/hydrogen peroxide, ozone/ultraviolet irradiation, and ozone/hydrogen peroxide/ultraviolet irradiation, are likely key technologies for degrading and detoxifying these pollutants in water and wastewater. In this paper, ozone-based treatment of four major groups of pesticides, namely carbamates, chlorophenoxy compounds, organochlorines, and organophosphates, are reviewed. Degree of pesticide degradation, reaction kinetics, identity and characteristics of degradation by-products and intermediates, and possible degradation pathways are covered and discussed.
How to correct teaching methods that favour plagiarism: recommendations from teachers and students in a Spanish language distance education university

The presentation of the intellectual work of others as their own by students is believed to be common worldwide. Punishments and detection software have failed to solve the problem and have important limitations themselves. To go to the root of the problem, we applied an online questionnaire to 344 university students and their 13 teachers. Our objective was to compare their views on plagiarism and to test nine hypotheses about causation. We found that both students and teachers know what plagiarism is and that each group blames itself to some extent. Students blamed their own attitude but also mentioned their need to cope with an unnecessarily heavy workload imposed by teachers. Teachers blamed impunity and their own failure in providing meaningful and creative student work. Only 8% of the students admitted to plagiarising contents and admission was independent of need for higher scores, years in the university, sex, age, occupation, career or living in a small city where educational resources are more limited. We found that Spanish language literature has given more attention to the students’ point of view than much of its English counterparts, and conclude that plagiarism can be prevented by an approach based mainly on a workload defined by teacher teams instead of isolated teachers; reduction of rote learning (associated with texts that are easy to copy and paste); assignment of individualised work that cannot be plagiarised (workshops, exhibitions, forums, portfolios, solving real cases, applying concepts to the student’s personal experience); and accompanying students along the whole process of producing the written work.
An investigation into the relationship between kinesiophobia and outcomes of a lower limb exercise programme in knee osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of pain and disability. Exercise has been recommended as a core treatment for OA. Exercise behaviour is an essential factor with kinesiophobia/fear of movement being a major clinical implication. Understanding exercise behaviour may provide a more comprehensive rehabilitation programme for individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between kinesiophobia and outcomes of a lower limb exercise programme in knee osteoarthritis. Fifty-four individuals with clinical and/or radiographic knee OA (mean age 63.4 years (range 47-79); 50% female) completed a 4-week, 8-session lower limb exercise programme. Tampa scale of kinesiophobia (TSK), physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE), Knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS), Y balance test, 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and the 30-second chair stand test with an activPAL™ activity monitor were used with six standard physiotherapy questions asked to give the participants a voice during the research. Significant results from baseline to 6-weeks post programme were reported in kinesiophobia, Y balance test, KOOS pain, quality of life, activities of daily living, symptoms, sport and recreation, PASE, 6MWT and the 30-second chair stand test. Furthermore, significant results for 7-days of stepping and transitions, and for cadence banding 110-120 steps per minute. Average steps per day increased from 7,491 to 8,166. Our findings demonstrate that kinesiophobia and pain reduces after completing the exercise programme in participants with knee OA. During the exercise programme, as kinesiophobia reduced, so did the individuals pain, therefore baseline kinesiophobia scores could be important due to the correlation with pain changes. Further significant findings demonstrate that the programme increases objectively measured physical activity attributes and mobility in individuals with knee OA, therefore having a greater impact on developing and maintaining function
No more free beer tomorrow? Economic policy and outcomes in Australia and New Zealand since 1984

There are no controlled experiments in macroeconomic policy, nor in systematic programs of microeconomic reform, but a comparison between New Zealand and Australia over the period since 1984 provides as close an approach to such an experiment as is ever likely to be possible. From quite similar starting points the two countries pursued liberal reform programs that differed sharply, mainly as a result of exogenous differences in constitutional structures and the personal styles of the central actors. Australia followed a more cautious, piecemeal, consensus-based approach, whereas New Zealand, in contrast, adopted a radical, rapid, ‘purist’ platform. The NZ reform package was generally seen by contemporary commentators as representing a ‘textbook’ model for best practice reform. However, Australia since 1984 has performed much better than New Zealand, whose per capita GDP growth indeed ranked at or near the bottom of the OECD. In this paper, we assess a variety of explanations for the divergences in policies and outcomes.
Clausal Substantivization in Spanish: Syntax and Constraints

The nominal distribution of finite clauses in many languages has been explained by positing a nominal projection of some sort on top of the (verbal) CP. Additional evidence of such nominality has been drawn from the fact that in many of those languages a determiner can indeed top the CP projection (D + CP), thus creating a DP. In standard Spanish, speakers may optionally add such a determiner under certain semantic circumstances. Spanish finite clauses in principle fall under such a syntactic account. However, despite their nominal distribution, a constraint remains which apparently challenges such generalization. Finite clauses introduced by the complementizer que (‘that’)—que-clauses—may not combine with a determiner in spite of meeting all expected requirements. This paper offers a revision of the nominality of the Spanish finite que-clause. Special attention is devoted to the role of the determiner, arguing for a differentiation between the general nominality of finite clauses and the optional creation of a DP (D + CP) in certain contexts in Spanish. Furthermore, the paper includes an analysis of the unexpected constraint in prepositional contexts in terms of strict adjacency, which makes it possible to account for the lack of the D layer while retaining the nominality of que-clauses in Spanish.
Systems, ideologies and history: a three-dimensional absence in the study of assessment reform processes

This paper makes the case for the need to study assessment reform processes from a broader and more complex perspective that takes the historical, ideological and systemic aspects of assessment policies into account. It draws on a larger study to demonstrate how the understanding of Assessment for Learning (AfL) reforms is enriched by such a perspective, taking the Chilean case as an illustrative example. The study draws on polysystems theory as an overarching theoretical tool and on critical discourse analysis and intertextuality as a means to reconstruct the polysystem of assessment reforms. These tools are used to analyse two types of sources: documents from different periods of Chilean history of education where reforms relevant to assessment were carried out, and interviews with policy authorities involved in the AfL reform as well as with teachers from different backgrounds and contexts.
Explicating validity

How we choose to use a term depends on what we want to do with it. If validity is to be used to support a score interpretation, validation would require an analysis of the plausibility of that interpretation. If validity is to be used to support score uses, validation would require an analysis of the appropriateness of the proposed uses, and therefore, would require an analysis of the consequences of the uses. In each case, the evidence need for validation would depend on the specific claims being made.
GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP TENTANG HIV/ AIDS PADA REMAJA DI PANGANDARAN

Remaja merupakan kelompok beresiko untuk penularan HIV/AIDS. Pengetahuan yang baik tentang penyakit akan membantu remaja untuk melakukan upaya pencegahan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi gambaran pengetahuan remaja tenta HIV/AIDS di Pangandaran. Penelitian deskkriptif ini menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional. Terdapat 47 remaja yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan teknik non-random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuosioner yang sudah valid dan reliable. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode statistika deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 100% (47 orang) responden belum pernah melakukan hubungan seksual dan menyatakan akan melakukan hubungan seksual setelah menikah. Responden memiliki pengetahuan tentang kelompok beresiko HIV adalah pelacur (97,90%), homoseksual (91,50%), dan penggunaan obat-obatan (63,80%). Pengetahuan responden tentang cara penularan HIV adalah berbagi jarum suntik (100%), berhubungan seksual dengan pelacur (97,90%), berhubungan seksual dengan banyak pasangan (95,70%), seksual yang tidak menggunakan pelindung (93,60%), dan homo seksualitas (83%). Remaja memiliki sikap yang positif untuk hindari seksual dengan banyak pasangan (91,50) dan gunakan jarum steril yang sekali pakai (91,50%). Pengetahuan remaja tentang AIDS yang paling tinggi adalah penyebab AIDS (76,60%), gejala AIDS (76,60%), cara penularan HIV (72,30). Remaja memiliki pengetahuan yang baik tentang HIV/ AIDS tetapi masih ada pengetahuan yang salah untuk beberapa pernyataan. Pengetahuan yang salah ini perlu diperhatikan melalui pemberian edukasi kesehatan berkaitan HIV/ AIDS. Kata kunci: HIV/ AIDS, Pengetahuan, Remaja
Quality of Life and the Attainment of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Are They Compatible? More Questions Than Answers. The Challenge for Risk Assessment

There is a need for risk assessment and risk management professionals to be willing to raise new and difficult questions with respect to Clean Air Act NAAQS attainment and observed local health effects. Should we be exploring innovative ways of data capture, analysis, and reporting? Are there relationships between health risk factors and ambient air quality conditions beyond those protected by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)? Are we willing or able to act on incomplete information to protect public health? Risk assessment and risk management are central to the systematic integration of laboratory findings, human exposure potential data, and the design of regulatory standards formally acted upon through the promulgation of laws and regulations. Public Policy under the federal Clean Air Act and its amendments requires this. Specifically, the ACT successfully attempted to designate areas of the country in attainment and those not in attainment with the NAAQS for the six primary criteria pollutants (lead, ozone, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and carbon monoxide). This designation was accomplished through a complex process influenced by many potential interventions, including science and politics. Mandatory programs that were established to achieve and maintain attainment are commonly referred to as state implementation plans (SIPS). This rationale is promulgated on the expectation that achievement and maintenance of the NAAQS will assure the public’s health and safety. The federal Clean Air Act uses a “bright line” approach that is based on monitored concentrations of select air pollutants to determine whether or not public is at risk from exposure to air pollution. For fine particulates (PM2.5), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) promulgated a relatively stringent annual average standard of 15 μg/m3 and a compromised 24 hour daily standard of 65 μg/m3. Achievement of the standard is indicated by a trend of decreasing ambient air levels or a reduction in the number of periods that an area is out of attainment. In order to assure that the mandatory air pollution reduction programs and the implementation decisions are based on reliable data, the statistical soundness of the measurement data needs to be assured through a detailed statistical review process. For the most part this strategy has
Interpretations of criteria‐based assessment and grading in higher education

The increasing use of criteria‐based approaches to assessment and grading in higher education is a consequence of its sound theoretical rationale and its educational effectiveness. This article is based on a review of the most common grading policies that purport to be criteria‐based. The analysis shows that there is no common understanding of what criteria‐based means or what it implies for practice. This has inhibited high‐quality discourse, research and development among scholars and practitioners. Additionally, the concepts of ‘criteria’ and ‘standards’ are often confused and, despite the use of criteria, the fundamental judgments teachers make about the quality of student work remain subjective and substantially hidden from the students’ view. As they stand, none of the approaches identified in the survey is fully capable of delivering on the aspirations of criteria‐based grading. Shifting the primary focus to standards and making criteria secondary could, however, lead to substantial progress.
The role of Indian school canteens in nutrition promotion

Purpose A school canteen can serve as an important setting for nutrition and health promotion. The purpose of this paper is to describe secondary school students’ perceptions of Indian school canteens. Design/methodology/approach Convenience sampling informed the recruitment of 1,026 year 9 students from nine private schools in Kolkata, India, and data were collected through self-completion of paper-based questionnaires. Frequencies and χ2 analyses were computed. Findings The school children reported that energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods like French fries (90.4 per cent), pizza (79.5 per cent) and cakes (69.2 per cent) were frequently available in the school canteens. However, only a few students (10.2 per cent) acknowledged the availability of nutritious foods like fruits. Only a small proportion of students were content with the nutritional quality of food supplied in the canteens (3.6 per cent), the cost of food (8.7 per cent) and availability of fresh foods like fruits (5.5 per cent). The provision of healthy foods in the school canteen was supported by two-thirds of the respondents (65.9 per cent); however, only a small proportion (18.3 per cent) supported the restriction of fried foods in school canteens. Practical implications These findings underscore the need for the design and implementation of healthy school canteen policies to foster healthy eating habits among Indian adolescents. Originality/value This is the first cross-sectional survey to investigate the views of adolescents regarding school food services in the Indian context.
Clinical Pragmatics

I strongly applaud this volume, because its immense erudition promises to change our view of clinical pragmatics and of pragmatics and modularity of mind. Cummings notes that one of the most important flaws in clinical pragmatics research is the lack of a theoretical centre of gravity. Her efforts are clearly expended in this direction, the building of a theoretical perspective which can stimulate the growth of interesting research papers on the various facets of clinical pragmatics. The book has the following structure: the first part is devoted to research on clinical pragmatics from a theoretical point of view, while the second part is devoted to ways of assessing pragmatic deficits (it discusses the three major international protocols for this) and of improving practical ways of dealing with various deficits in order to alleviate them. The volume is a superb defence of a conception of pragmatics that challenges the Chomskyan view of the pragmatic wastebasket, which relegates pragmatics to issues of performance. Cummings, instead, firmly believes that we need to address the issue of pragmatic competence. I agree with Cummings that part of pragmatic phenomena can be studied from the point of view of pragmatic competence*speech acts/ language games clearly fit into this. It is not clear to me how to reduce the interpretation of conversational implicatures and explicatures to an issue of pragmatic competence. However, this does not detract from Cummings’ attempt to empty the pragmatic wastebasket and to address the theoretical dimension of pragmatics, which is not a residue, but one of the central issues of linguistics. I believe that much of the book serves this function of liberating our minds from the wastebasket prejudice. The effort to distinguish between primary and secondary pragmatic impairments probably has the purpose of showing that pragmatic deficits need not depend on linguistic deficits, a fact which seems to prove the theoretical independence of pragmatics. Cummings does not follow the Relevance Theory tradition in claiming that there is a theory of mind (ToM) module and a relevance-based interpretation procedure which is a sub-module of it. In fact, many of her data seem to challenge the dissociations invoked by Relevance theorists to stress the autonomy of the ToM
Bacteremia and Skin Infections in Four Patients Caused by Helicobacter-Like Organisms.

Background Enterohepatic Helicobacter-like organisms (HLO) have been recognized as causes of human infection since 1984, primarily as a cause of bacteremia and cellulitis in immunocompromised individuals, but the spectrum of illness due to HLO has expanded based on numerous reports from Japan. Methods We report 4 epidemiologically unrelated immunocompetent patients with HLO bacteremia diagnosed within a 2-year period. Three patients had cellulitis and 1 patient had unexplained fever. 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) sequence analysis of 2 isolates suggested that they were Helicobacter cinaedi, and whole-genome sequencing showed that they differed only slightly from reference strains. Conclusions We believe that this syndrome is more common than reported, but it is easily overlooked because the skin lesions resemble streptococcal cellulitis and respond very rapidly to β-lactam antibiotics, and the organism is difficult to isolate from the blood. All HLO in our series were isolated from blood using the ESP system and were not detected in 2 other widely used commercial blood culture systems.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES ABOUT MALARIA AMONG MEMBERS OF A UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA

Malaria is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in many tropical regions despite global efforts towards its eradication. This study investigates knowledge and practices about malaria among members of Kwara State University community, Nigeria. Questionnaires were administered to 518 undergraduate students and 91 staff randomly from the university community. Majority (99.63 %) of students and staff (98.91 %) agreed that malaria is caused by mosquito bite, two hundred and twenty two (42.09 %) of the students and 69.23 % of staff identified the female Anopheles mosquito as the vector of malaria. A total of 32.82 % picked stagnant water; 27.03 % water retaining containers and 38.19 % plant/vegetation as mosquito vector habitat. The majority of students (83.78 %) and staff (97.80 %) also responded that night was the common vector biting period. On malaria symptoms the respondents ranked fever (71.81 %), body pain (31.85 %) and headaches (29.53 %) while staff responses followed similar trends. On the medication employed for the treatment of malaria, ACT, (53.86 %), Artesunate (25.09 %), Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (15.44 %) and paracetamol (10.81 %) attested to by the students while those of the staff was in the order 53.84 % ACT, 29.67 % Artesunate and 18.68 % Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine. The result elucidates that most respondents had fair knowledge about malaria, its vector, habitat, prevention and control, but the majority had poor practices towards malaria. Therefore, education and interventions aimed at social and behaviour change are necessary to address and fill the gaps highlighted, conscious efforts toward enlightenment of the people of the university community and its environment is a necessary step among suggestions proffered.