Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of two scales of habitat architecture on benthic grazing in a river

1. This experiment studied the effects of differing levels of the complexity of substratum architecture at two spatial scales on the distribution and abundance of benthic algae and invertebrates, and the strength of the trophic interaction between invertebrate grazers and algae. Some estimates of the effects on invertebrate colonization rates were also made. 2. Four levels of microhabitat architectural complexity were created using artificial substrata (clay tiles) and placed in Mountain River, Tasmania, in two riffle types (bedrock and boulder-cobble) of differing large-scale substratum complexity. After a colonization period, invertebrate grazers were removed from half the tiles to measure the effects of grazing. Invertebrates on the tiles were also counted and identified. At the end of the experiment, algae were removed from the tiles and analysed for chlorophyll a. 3. Invertebrate grazers did not reduce algal biomass during the experiment, and microhabitat-scale architecture influenced algal biomass more strongly than riffle-scale architecture. Highly complex microhabitat architecture increased algal biomass by providing more surface area, but once standardized for surface area, algal biomass decreased as the complexity of microhabitat architecture increased. 4. Microhabitat-scale architecture was also predominant in determining invertebrate density and the identity of the dominant grazer species. In contrast to algal biomass, invertebrate densities and species density increased with the complexity of microhabitat architecture, suggesting that refuges from flow (and possibly predation) were as important to river invertebrates as the distribution of their food source. 5. Riffle-scale architecture had some effect on the colonization of two slow-moving grazer taxa, but, overall, the colonization processes of slow-moving grazers were determined mostly by the complexity of microhabitat-scale architecture.
Inhaled Salbutamol for the Treatment of Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn

Background: Transient tachypnea of the newborn [TTN] is a common physiologic lung disorder. Stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors could alleviate the condition. Aim of the work: The study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of inhaled salbutamol in reduction of TTN, oxygen treatment and hospitalization. Patients and Methods:This clinical study included 150 [50 control group, 50 single dose of salbutamol and 50 double-doses of salbutamol] infants between 35th-39th week's gestation. Inhaled salbutamol was given and comparison between the three groups was carried out. Results: Treatable and control groups were comparable as regard neonatal and maternal characteristics. Heart rate was significantly increased in group B when compared to control group half and one hour after treatment. In addition, respiratory rate was significantly increase in group B when compared to group A at half hour after treatment and continued till 8 hours after treatment. The TTN score after treatment was significantly lower in group B when compared to group A at one hour after nebulized salbutamol and continued till 8 hours. Furthermore, time before initiation of feeding was significantly reduced in group B when compared to group A [26.72[±3.68] vs [39.66[±4.7] and also there was significant reduction of hospitalization days in group B when compared to group A [3.78 [±1.25] vs [7.36[±1.28]. Conclusion: Inhalational salbutamol reduced duration of supplemental oxygen therapy, the duration of hospitalization and time before initiation of feeding, and no adverse effects were reported. Thus, inhaled salbutamol seems to be effective and safe in TTN.
Relationships among coleopteran suborders and major endoneopteran lineages: Evidence from hind wing characters

A phylogenetic analysis of the four coleopteran suborders (Polyphaga, Archostemata, Myxophaga and Adephaga), four other endoneopteran taxa (Strepsiptera, Neuropterida, Mecopterida and Hymenoptera) and three neopteran outgroups (Orthoneoptera, Blattoneoptera and Hemineoptera) is performed based on 63 characters of hind wing venation, articulation and folding patterns, with character states coded for the groundplan of each taxon (not for exemplar genera or species). The shortest tree found using Winclada with Nona exhibits the following topology: Orthoneoptera + (Blattoneoptera + (Hemineoptera + Endoneoptera: (Hymenoptera + ((Neuropterida + Mecopterida) + (Coleoptera + Strepsiptera))))). Homologization of the hind wing venation in Coleoptera is reviewed and updated, and comments are made concerning recent works on wing folding. Recent phylogenetic schemes proposed for the orders of Endoneoptera and suborders of Coleoptera are reviewed and their supporting evidence critically examined. The special role and influence of the hind wing anojugal lobe on the diversification of Neoptera and Endoneoptera is discussed. A scenario is proposed for the origin and evolution of the insect hind wing.
A Device for Infecting Adult Tsetse Flies,Glossinaspp., with an Entomopathogenic Fungus in the Field☆

Abstract Various chamber designs for infecting natural populations of Glossina pallidipes, G. longipennis, and G. fuscipes fuscipes with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae were tested in the field. All three species of tsetse flies entered the chambers and became infected with the fungus. Mortality attributed to infection by M. anisopliae ranged from 0 to 76% for G. pallidipes/G. longipennis and from 0 to 80% for G. fuscipes. One design proved to be more efficient than the others in permitting the passage of flies and contaminating them with fungal conidia. Dry conidia of M. anisopliae in the infection chamber retained their infectivity for more than 21 days in the field.
Caracterização tecnológica de jabuticabas 'Sabará' provenientes de diferentes regiões de cultivo

The physical and chemical characteristics of 'sabara' jaboticaba from 10 differents regions of cultivation in Sao Paulo state were determined from August to September 2001 to evaluated its quality. The average fruit weight varied from 3.56 to 7.40g and it was the highest in jaboticaba fruits harvested in orchard from Casa Branca region. The average sharp index and diameter oscillated from 0.962 to 0.990 and 2.45 to 1.73 cm, respectively. The fruit firmness varied from firm to soft, and the fruits harvested in orchard situated in the Casa Branca, Pedregulho and Miguelopolis region, presented the greatest fruit firmness, suggesting a better potential for postharvest conservation. The oBrix ranged from 11.6 to 17.9 and the pH from 2.91 to 3.70 being the highest in jaboticaba fruits harvested in Guaira and Ituverava region. The titrable acidity, expressed as g of citric acid per 100g ranged from 0.888 to 1.625, the vitamina C and soluble carbohydrate content ranged from 14.86 to 24.67 mg of ascorbic acid per 100g and from 0.91 to 11.39g of glicose per 100g respectively. The results permitted to conclude that jaboticaba fruits from orchard situated in Casa Branca region presented the greatest quality, thus being more suitable for industrialization as to consumption as fresh fruit and the better postharvest conservation potential.
‘The more public it is, the more severe it is’: teachers’ perceptions on the roles of publicity and severity in cyberbullying

ABSTRACT Those in the teaching profession are facing additional challenges when responding to cyberbullying due to the unique features of publicity and severity. Such features are known to negatively impact on young people’s cyberbullying experiences. Teachers’ views on publicity and severity of cyberbullying are currently unknown. The current research draws on data from 10 focus groups with 63 teachers (10 males) who taught across primary, secondary, and college educational levels in the UK. Reflexive thematic analysis identified three themes: (a) role of severity, (b) differential roles of publicity, and (c) bystander intentions. Participants discussed the role of severity, where visual acts of cyberbullying were perceived more severe than written forms, suggesting the type of cyberbullying is an important indicator in perceived severity. Participants acknowledged how cyberbullying can transition from private, semi-public, and public incidents, which influenced their perceived intervention strategies. Finally, levels of publicity were discussed regarding young people’s bystander intentions, with public incidents of cyberbullying instigating positive and negative bystander intervention. The findings are discussed in relation to practical implications, especially the need to promote awareness for teachers on the issues of publicity and severity in cyberbullying.
Natural infection by Nosema ceranae causes similar lesions as in experimentally infected caged-worker honey bees (Apis mellifera)

Summary In this report, the pathological features observed in honey bees naturally infected with the microsporidium Nosema ceranae throughout a year are described. The lesions produced under natural conditions are similar to those observed in experimentally caged worker honey bees. N. ceranae is able to reproduce inside epithelial cells and multiply all through the year causing lesions in host-cells, characterized by a progressive and irreversible destruction of the epithelial layer of the ventriculus, which can lead to major negative repercussions on the normal process of digestion, with critical consequences on honey bee and colony viability. It is remarkable that factors such as continuous access to fresh pollen around the apiary or temperature and humidity variations throughout the year in different seasons did not apparently influence the development of the endogenous cycle of this parasite under field conditions.
Analysis of major histocompatibility complex class II gene in water voles using capillary electrophoresis‐single stranded conformation polymorphism

Analysis of a single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) using capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a novel method to study polymorphism of DNA sequences in large scale population studies. We optimized CE-SSCP analysis to study the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II alpha gene (DQA) polymorphism. Short-chain linear polyacrylamide (6%) as sieving matrix, TrisCl (pH 8.5) as buffer for sample dilution, and 27 °C, 9 kV as electrophoresis parameters were suitable for sufficient resolution of all alleles. We found that almost 25% of clones contained a PCR (polymerase chain reaction) artefact and strict criteria have to be applied when using cloning and sequencing to analyse the allelic diversity of MHC genes.
Some Ecological Aspects on the Striped Mealybug Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell) Infesting Acalypha Shrubs in Qalyubiya Governorate, Egypt

Acalypha shrubs Acalypha wilkesiana Mull. (Euphorbiaceae) found to be favorable host for the striped mealybug Ferrisia virgate (Cockerell)( Pseudococcidae) . This mealybug species is attacked all plant parts and caused considerable damages to this host. Some ecological aspects were carried out on F. virgata infesting acalypha shrubs throughout two successive years (2014-2015) and (2015-2016) in Qalyubiya Governorate. Results obtained showed that population density was more abundant during the second year than the first one, the annual means of total population were 62.02 and 52.01 individuals/leaf), respectively. Also, results revealed that, seasonal abundance of F. virgata found to be active from June to January of next year. The population density was reached its maximum activity on October during both years being 123.0 and 145.2 individuals /leaf for the first and second year, respectively. The prevailing main average temperature and relative humidity were ranging between 22.8°C, 24.2°C and 67%, 64% for the 1st and 2nd years, respectively. These conditions seemed to be favorable conditions for insect activity. After this activity period all stages of this species were disappeared from all plant parts. This phenomenon indicate that this mealybug species was overwinter during winter and spring seasons till the next summer. From these findings it could be stated that any control measurements must be early applied during June, at the beginning of activity period of this mealybug species. Also, results clarified that F. virgate was passed through two annual overlapping field generations on acalypha shrubs. Duration of the first generation was ranged between 80-85 days which occurred during summer months. While the second generation was lasted 75 days and occurred during autumn. Statistical analysis revealed that separate effect of each mean, two weeks earlier of the four selected weather factors on changes in population density of F. virgata most factors had insignificant effects except mean minimum temperature which had positive significant effects throughout the both years (r coefficient values were 0.589 and 0.677). While the combined effects of the four selected factors (mean minimum, maximum temperature, average temperature and mean percentage of relative humidity), two weeks earlier, had significant effects, as a group on the change in population density especially during (2014-2015) , the explained variance was 79.2% and F value 14.4.
The dispersal of sporophytes of Undaria pinnatifida by coastal shipping in New Zealand, and implications for further dispersal of Undaria in France

Sporophytes of the adventive Asian kelp Undaria pinnatifida, recently discovered growing in New Zealand and Tasmanian waters, are apparently spread by coastal shipping. Mature sporophytes, up to 1 m long and growing just below the waterline on the sides of ships, can be transported intact over hundreds of kilometres between New Zealand ports. The hulls of vessels can also be “seeded” with Undaria spores, and the gametophytes or the microscopic sporophytes transported to other harbours where the sporophytes mature. Commercial vessels, laid up pending sale and thus immobile for long periods, are especially prone to spread the plant because their waterline is at a constant depth. Such conditions permit the development of a fringing band of Undaria sporophytes along the ship's hull. In France Undaria was accidentally introduced to the Mediterranean coast near Sete before 1971, and intentionally planted on the coast of Brittany in 1983. The likely further dispersal of the kelp in this region is discussed in th.
Secondary Teachers and Creativity in Teaching: Conceptions and Practices

In recent years, there seems to be a sharp shift towards the concept of creativity in education. Given that many theorists and researchers find it difficult to define the concept of creativity itself, this paper will attempt to investigate a) the conceptions about creativity in teaching of 5 teachers of humanistic subjects (Modern Greek Language, Ancient Greek Language, History, Greek Literature) in Greek secondary education b) how these specific conceptions are reflected in their teaching practices and c) the degree to which certain teaching strategies that seem to better facilitate creativity in teaching. The research data were collected from five (5) interviews, transcripts and worksheets of ten (10) teachings and including field notes. Data were analyzed by the method of grounded theory. Data analysis showed that the emphasis is placed on "creative teaching" rather than on "teaching in order to develop student’s creativity", as distinguished by Jeffrey and Craft. The most important finding of the research is that despite their good intentions or stated open perceptions, the research subjects do not systematically promote students’ creativity unless they abandon their regulatory role and leave a genuine space of self-efficacy to their students. The authors conclude that further research is needed to answer the following questions: why is the model of creative teacher dominant and not that of the teaching that promotes students’ creativity and in what extent and in which ways is creativity defined by specific cognitive subjects.
First documented occurrences of the shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum, Lesueur, 1818) in the Saco River, Maine, USA

Summary During sampling efforts to study the more abundant Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus, between May of 2009 and November of 2011, four shortnose sturgeon were captured in gill nets near the mouth of the Saco River, Maine. Two of these individuals were tagged with acoustic transmitters to monitor their movement within the Saco River. Additionally, six shortnose sturgeon that had been tagged with acoustic transmitters in the Merrimack River, Massachusetts were detected on the acoustic array deployed within the Saco River and its estuary over this time period. These incidences represent the first verified documentation of shortnose sturgeon within this estuary.
High Genetic Diversity and Low Differentiation in Michelia shiluensis, an Endangered Magnolia Species in South China

Research Highlights: This study is the first to examine the genetic diversity of Michelia shiluensis (Magnoliaceae). High genetic diversity and low differentiation were detected in this species. Based on these results, we discuss feasible protection measures to provide a basis for the conservation and utilization of M. shiluensis. Background and Objectives: Michelia shiluensis is distributed in Hainan and Guangdong province, China. Due to human disturbance, the population has decreased sharply, and there is thus an urgent need to evaluate genetic variation within this species in order to identify an optimal conservation strategy. Materials and Methods: In this study, we used eight nuclear single sequence repeat (nSSR) markers and two chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) markers to assess the genetic diversity, population structure, and dynamics of 78 samples collected from six populations. Results: The results showed that the average observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), and percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) from nSSR markers in each population of M. shiluensis were 0.686, 0.718, and 97.92%, respectively. For cpDNA markers, the overall haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.674, and the nucleotide diversity was 0.220. Analysis of markers showed that the genetic variation between populations was much lower based on nSSR than on cpDNA (10.18% and 77.56%, respectively, based on an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA)). Analysis of the population structure based on the two markers shows that one of the populations (DL) is very different from the other five. Conclusions: High genetic diversity and low population differentiation of M. shiluensis might be the result of rich ancestral genetic variation. The current decline in population may therefore be due to human disturbance rather than to inbreeding or genetic drift. Management and conservation strategies should focus on maintaining the genetic diversity in situ, and on the cultivation of seedlings ex-situ for transplanting back to their original habitat.
The changing face of union action put to the test by neo-liberal reforms in France

This article reviews how French trade union are coping with the neo-liberal policies since the early 1980s. It shows their divergent reactions, and how these liberal reforms are implemented in a context of transformation of trade union action: the use of strikes is more difficult at the same time as the relationship between trade unions and collective bargaining is transformed in a logic of depoliticizing their strategies of action. These developments did not prevent a resurgence of strikes in the 2000s. It reveals the limits of the trade unions’ power of political influence, that implies the use of collective action. However, strikes have declined further in recent years, revealing the weakening of trade union mobilisation power.
Students’ Perception of CSR and its Influence on Business Performance. A Multiple Mediation Analysis

Firm managers play an important role in the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) actions. Education is emerging as the key factor in developing a sense of moral responsibility amongst the business students who will eventually become company managers and decision makers. The aim of this research is, thus, twofold. First, to analyze the existence of a direct positive correlation between university students&#8217; perception of CSR and its impact on business performance; and second, to examine the extent to which two factors (advantages brought by CSR and responsibilities toward stakeholders) act as mediation variables in the aforementioned correlation. The analysis was performed with a sample of 390 business&#8208;related university students. Amongst the potential contributions made by this study we can highlight the possibility of knowing future managers&#8217; way of thinking and of knowing the aspects where educational centers might improve their CSR teaching.
Influence of cassava planting patterns and pruning methods on crop yield in a cassava-based cropping system

Field experiments were conducted at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria on the effect of cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) planting pattern and pruning methods on cassava yield and yield of associated crops, namely, maize ( Zea mays L.), melon ( Colocynthis vulgaris L.) and cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ) in a cassava-based cropping system. Cassava planting patterns had significant effects on maize and melon yield in the 1995 but had no effects in 1996. Cowpea yield values under triangular planting pattern were 15 and 19% higher than regular planting pattern in 1995 and 1996, respectively. Its yield components differed only slightly under the two planting patterns. Number of cassava tubers and tuber weight plant -1 were superior under triangular planting pattern to regular planting pattern. The overall yield of cassava was, however, higher under regular planting pattern than triangular planting. The least cowpea yield and yield components were recorded under unpruned cassava. Yield and yield components of cassava reduced when pruned irrespective of the type of pruning method. Key Words: Cowpea, maize, Manihot esculenta, Zea mays RESUME Des experiences de champs etaient conduites a l'Universite d'Ibadan-Nigeria sur les effets de la facon de planter et de l'elagage du manioc ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) sur son rendement et le rendement des plantes associees, notamment, le mais ( Zea mays L.), le melon ( Colocynthis vulgaris L.) et le niebe ( Vigna unguiculata ) dans un systeme de culture base sur le manioc. La facon de planter le manioc avait un effet significatif sur le rendement du mais et du melon en 1995 mais pas en 1996. Les valeurs du rendement du niebe en arrangement triangulaire etaient 15 et 19% plus elevees que celles obtenues par arrangement regulier en 1995 et 1996 ; respectivement. Les composantes du rendement different tres legerement sous les deux arrangements. Le nombre de tubes de manioc et le poids de tube par plante etaient superieurs dans l'arrangement triangulaire par rapport a l'arrangement regulier. Le rendement du manioc etait, cependant, eleve sous l'arrangement regulier par rapport a l'arrangement triangulaire. Le rendement le plus faible du niebe et des ses composantes etaient enregistres sous le manioc dont l'elagage n'a pas ete pratique. Le rendement et les composantes du rendement du manioc etaient reduits quand l'elagage etait pratique. Mots Cles: Niebe, mais, Manihot esculenta, Zea mays African Crop Science Journal Vol.12(2) 2004: 115-122