Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Case Report of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults (MIS-A): A 31-Year-Old Man with Fever, Rash, and Cardiac Symptoms 6 Weeks Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Successfully Resuscitated Following Cardiac Arrest

Patient: Male, 31-year-old Final Diagnosis: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) Symptoms: Abdominal pain • diarrhea • fever • neck stiffness • rash • tachycardia Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Critical Care Medicine Objective: Rare disease Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) is an uncommon condition after a confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, manifesting as multiorgan failure despite apparent resolution of initial symptoms. While this syndrome shares similar characteristics with a syndrome found in children, fewer cases are reported in adults. This report details a 31-year-old man fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of MIS-A, who was successfully resuscitated following cardiac arrest. Case Report: A 31-year-old man was admitted to the intensive care unit for 3 days of progressively worsening fever, chills, diaphoresis, exanthematous rash, headache, and neck stiffness. The patient had a history of mild, resolved SARS-CoV-2 infection 6 weeks prior to his presentation, diagnosed by rapid antigen and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. Meningitis and autoimmune pathologies were initially suspected but were ruled out. Given the patient’s symptoms, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, and positive inflammatory markers, findings correlated with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s diagnostic criteria for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults. On hospital day 1, the patient decompensated into severe respiratory distress requiring intubation. Shortly after, the patient developed cardiac arrest and was successfully resuscitated. He was transferred from our rural hospital to an intensive care unit at a facility with additional resources. He remained critically ill for several weeks while receiving high-dose steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and hemodialysis until his recovery. Conclusions: Early diagnosis and treatment of MIS-A would significantly improve outcomes in this subset of patients, especially in clinical settings with limited resources.
Beyond The Gates: An Empirical Analysis of HTTP-Managed Password Stealers and Operators

Password Stealers ( Stealers ) are commodity malware that specialize in credential theft. This work presents a large-scale longitudinal study of Stealers and their operators. Using a commercial dataset, we characterize the activity of over 4 , 586 distinct Stealer operators through their devices spanning 10 different Stealer families. Operators make heavy use of proxies, including traditional VPNs, residential proxies, mobile proxies, and the Tor network when managing their botnet. Our afﬁliation analysis unveils a stratiﬁed enterprise of cyber-criminals for each service offering and we identify privileged operators using graph analysis. We ﬁnd several Stealer -as- a-Service providers that lower the economical and technical barrier for many cybercriminals. We estimate that service providers beneﬁt from high-proﬁt margins (up to 98%) and a lower-bound proﬁt estimate of $11 , 000 per month. We ﬁnd high-proﬁle targeting like the Social Security Administration, the U.S. House of Representatives, and the U.S. Senate. We share our ﬁndings with law enforcement and publish six months of the dataset, analysis artifact, and code.
A Simple Approximation to the Convolution of Gamma Distributions

The exact expressions for the convolutions of gamma distributions with different scale parameters is quite complicated. The approximation by means of another gamma distribution is shown to be remarkably accurate for wide ranges of the parameter values, especially if more than two random variables are involved. The approximation is particularly good for the upper quantiles that play an important role in auditors' decisions.
Offline Size and Online Scale: A Tale of Two Platforms

The online market can be categorized into two platforms: the reseller and the marketplace. Motivated by the fact that the relative scale of reseller to marketplace is larger in developed countries (e.g., the United States) than in developing countries (e.g., China), our study pro-poses a novel explanation characterized by different pricing mechanisms for this online scale difference: we attribute this online scale difference to an offline determinant, the firm size distribution. Decentralized pricing, commonly adopted by a marketplace to attract firms to sell from it, is more favorable to smaller firms compared with the centralized pricing set by a reseller. Thus, the relative scale of the marketplace to the reseller is larger in developing countries, given that the offline firm size distribution in developing countries is skewed towards small firms compared with developed countries.
Atomistic simulations on ductile-brittle transition in ⟨111⟩ BCC Fe nanowires

Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to understand the influence of temperature on the tensile deformation and fracture behavior of ⟨111⟩ BCC Fe nanowires. The simulations have been carried out at different temperatures in the range 10–1000 K employing a constant strain rate of 1 × 108 s−1. The results indicate that at low temperatures (10–375 K), the nanowires yield through the nucleation of a sharp crack and fails in brittle manner. On the other hand, nucleation of multiple 1/2⟨111⟩ dislocations at yielding followed by significant plastic deformation leading to ductile failure has been observed at high temperatures in the range 450–1000 K. At 400 K, the nanowire yields through nucleation of crack associated with many mobile 1/2⟨111⟩ and immobile ⟨100⟩ dislocations at the crack tip and fails in ductile manner. The ductile-brittle transition observed in ⟨111⟩ BCC Fe nanowires is appropriately reflected in the stress-strain behavior and plastic strain at failure. The ductile-brittle transitio.
CHIPS Event Reconstruction and Design Optimisation

The CHIPS experiment will comprise a 10 kton water Cherenkov detector in an open mine pit in northern Minnesota, USA. The detector has been simulated using a full GEANT4 simulation and a series of event reconstruction algorithms have been developed to exploit the charge and time information from all of the PMTs. A comparison of simulated CCQE nu_mu and nu_e interactions using 10 inch and 3 inch PMTs is presented, alongside a comparison of 10% and 6% photocathode coverage for 3 inch PMTs. The studies demonstrate that the required selection efficiency and purity of charged-current nu_e interactions can be achieved using a photocathode coverage of 6% with 3 inch PMTs. Finally, a dedicated pi-zero fitter is shown to successfully reconstruct a clean sample of pi-zero mesons despite the low 6% photocathode coverage with 3 inch PMTs.
Investigation of open clusters based on IPHAS and APASS survey data

We adapt the classical Q-method based on a reddening-free parameter constructed from three passband magnitudes to thwe filter set of IPHAS survey and combine it with the maximum-likelihood-based cluster parameter estimator by Naylor and Jeffries (2006) to determine the extinction, heliocentric distances, and ages of young open clusters using Halpha and ri data. Themethod is also adapted for the case of signific ant variations of extinction across the cluster rfield. Our technique is validated by comparing the colour excesses, disdtances, and ages determined in this study with the most bona fide values reported for the 18 well-studied young open clusters in the past, and a fairly good agreement is found between our extinction and distance estimnates and earlier published results. although our age estimates are not very consistent with those published by other authors. We also show that individual extinction values can be determined rather accurately for stars with (r-i)0>0.1. Our results open up a prospect fpr determining a uniform set of parameters for northern clusters based on homogeneous photometric data, and for searching for new, hitherto undiscovered open clusters.
What is the relationship between vigorous physical activity and physical and mental health indicators in young adults?

ii List of Tables . vi List of Figures . vii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Overview of the Problem . 2 Need for Study . 4 Statement of Problem . 5 Research Question . 5 Hypothesis. 5 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 6 Importance of Health for Young People . 6 Benefits of Physical Activity for Health . 7 Physical Activity Levels of Young People . 10 Physical Activity Guidelines. 12 Youth vs. Adult Physical Activity Guidelines . 14 Vigorous Physical Activity . 15 Vigorous Physical Activity and Specific Health Outcomes . 18 Vigorous Physical Activity and Blood Pressure . 18
Similarities as well as differences between summer monsoons over Southeast Asia and the western North Pacific

The life cycles of SEAM (Southeast Asian Monsoon) and WNPM (Western North Pacific Monsoon) are monitored by the climatological pentad mean OLR and 850 hPa [u, v], as well as utilizing the vertically integrated moisture flux vector [Q λ , Q φ ] and associated precipitation minus evaporation (P - E). SEAM reaches its peak in late July in conjunction with full establishment of a gigantic heat low over the Asian Continent due to surface heating. The height of WNPM occurs two to three weeks later due to the delayed intensification of the monsoon trough not directly by in situ surface warming, but indirectly by remote influence of the Asian heat low. SEAM owes its existence to the westerly moisture influx from the Arabian Sea and further upstream. On the other hand, the easterly moisture influx from the Eastern Pacific is the major contributor to WNPM, relegating the role of moisture import from the SEAM domain to that of secondary importance. The climatological pentad mean data are then partitioned into symmetric and asymmetric components with reference to the equator. SEAM is characterized by dominance of the asymmetric mode, an implication that it is essentially an asymmetric monsoon system regulated by north-south heat contrast. The contribution of the asymmetric mode to the summer mean moisture budget of SEAM is as high as 82 %, while the corresponding contribution due to the symmetric mode is only 18 %. In comparison, the asymmetric and symmetric modes equally contribute to WNPM and as such, it is an asymmetric and symmetric mixed, hybrid monsoon system. The summer mean moisture budget of WNPM is accomplished by almost equally significant contributions of the symmetric and asymmetric modes, i.e., 58 % from the former, while 42 % from the latter mode. The symmetric mode exerts a strong influence on the maintenance of the climatological equatorial Walker circulation. It is the asymmetric Hadley circulation that furnishes moisture to equatorial convections over the updraft portion of the Walker circulation in the eastern Indian ocean. Activated convections then enhance the symmetric zonal flow along the equator, which is westerly over the Indian Ocean while easterly over the western Pacific.
Gender(ed) performances: Women’s impression management in stand-up comedy

How do women navigate and make space for themselves in workspaces where they are not perceived to fit? Women in male dominated careers often face perceptions of role misfit, leading them to engage in impression management. Using a mixed-methods design, we investigate if women stand-up comedians present as female gendered at work in two settings - one dominated by male performers (N = 257) and one featuring more gender diverse performers (N = 843). Women, as compared to men, presented more gendered in the more gender diverse performer setting and less gendered in the male performer dominated setting. Using Lorber’s taxonomy of feminisms as a lens, assessment of how women presented their gender further implied greater constraint on women in the male dominated, compared to the diverse, setting. Our findings support Roberts’ theory of social-identity based impression management (SIM) in the novel context of stand-up comedy, refine the theory by presenting a fifth SIM strategy and demonstrate how women are able to adapt their feminism to the characteristics of the situation, thus helping secure their position in settings where they may be unwelcomed. These findings have theoretical implications for impression management and feminism, and practical implications for workplace equality initiatives.
The Extended IRTF Spectral Library: Expanded Coverage in Metallicity, Temperature, and Surface Gravity

We present a 0.7–2.5 μm spectral library of 284 stars observed with the medium-resolution infrared spectrograph, SpeX, at the 3.0 m NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) on Maunakea, Hawaii. This library extends the metallicity range of the IRTF Cool Star library beyond solar metallicity to −1.7 < [Fe/H] < 0.6. All of the observed stars are also in the MILES optical stellar library, providing continuous spectral coverage for each star from 0.35 to 2.5 μm. The spectra are absolute flux calibrated using Two Micron All Sky Survey photometry, and the continuum shape of the spectra is preserved during the data reduction process. Synthesized JHKS colors agree with observed colors at the 1%–2% level, on average. We also present a spectral interpolator that uses the library to create a data-driven model of spectra as a function of , , and [Fe/H]. We use the library and interpolator to compare empirical trends with theoretical predictions of spectral feature behavior as a function of stellar parameters. These comparisons extend to the previously difficult to access low-metallicity and cool dwarf regimes, as well as the previously poorly sampled super-solar metallicity regime. The library and interpolator are publicly available.
Intrinsic light and strange quark--antiquark pairs in the proton and nonperturbative strangeness suppression

The CLAS Collaboration recently reported measured ratios of pion and kaon electroproduction cross sections from a proton target and extracted the ratios for light and strange quark--antiquark pairs, ${u\bar{u}}/ {d\bar{d}}$ and ${s\bar{s}}/ {d\bar{d}}$. Within an extended chiral constituent quark formalism, we investigate contributions to those ratios from the nonperturbative mechanism due to all possible intrinsic $|uudQ \bar{Q}\rangle$ Fock states in the proton; with $Q \bar{Q} \equiv u\bar{u},~ d\bar{d},~s\bar{s},~c\bar{c}$. Our results are compared with the CLAS data and findings from other phenomenological approaches, offering insights into the manifestations of the genuine five--quark Fock states in the proton and its relevance to interpreting the experimental data.
Primordial perturbations from inflation with a hyperbolic field-space

We study primordial perturbations from hyperinflation, proposed recently and based on a hyperbolic field-space. In the previous work, it was shown that the field-space angular momentum supported by the negative curvature modifies the background dynamics and enhances fluctuations of the scalar fields qualitatively, assuming that the inflationary background is almost de Sitter. In this work, we confirm and extend the analysis based on the standard approach of cosmological perturbation in multi-field inflation. At the background level, to quantify the deviation from de Sitter, we introduce the slow-varying parameters and show that steep potentials, which usually can not drive inflation, can drive inflation. At the linear perturbation level, we obtain the power spectrum of primordial curvature perturbation and express the spectral tilt and running in terms of the slow-varying parameters. We show that hyperinflation with power-law type potentials has already been excluded by the recent Planck observations, while exponential-type potential with the exponent of order unity can be made consistent with observations as far as the power spectrum is concerned. We also argue that, in the context of a simple $D$-brane inflation, the hyperinflation requires exponentially large hyperbolic extra dimensions but that masses of Kaluza-Klein gravitons can be kept relatively heavy.
THE BLACK HOLE MASS OF NGC 4151. II. STELLAR DYNAMICAL MEASUREMENT FROM NEAR-INFRARED INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROSCOPY

We present a revised measurement of the mass of the central black hole (MBH ) in the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151. The new stellar dynamical mass measurement is derived by applying an axisymmetric orbit-superposition code to near-infrared integral field data obtained using adaptive optics with the Gemini Near-infrared Integral Field Spectrograph (NIFS). When our models attempt to fit both the NIFS kinematics and additional low spatial resolution kinematics, our results depend sensitively on how χ2 is computed—probably a consequence of complex bar kinematics that manifest immediately outside the nuclear region. The most robust results are obtained when only the high spatial resolution kinematic constraints in the nuclear region are included in the fit. Our best estimates for the black hole mass and H-band mass-to-light ratio are MBH ∼ 3.76 ± 1.15 × 107 M☉ (1σ error) and ϒH ∼ 0.34 ± 0.03 M☉/L☉ (3σ error), respectively (the quoted errors reflect the model uncertainties). Our black hole mass measurement is consistent with estimates from both reverberation mapping () and gas kinematics (; 1σ errors), and our best-fit mass-to-light ratio is consistent with the photometric estimate of ϒH = 0.4 ± 0.2 M☉/L☉. The NIFS kinematics give a central bulge velocity dispersion σc = 116 ± 3 km s−1, bringing this object slightly closer to the MBH–σ relation for quiescent galaxies. Although NGC 4151 is one of only a few Seyfert 1 galaxies in which it is possible to obtain a direct dynamical black hole mass measurement—and thus, an independent calibration of the reverberation mapping mass scale—the complex bar kinematics makes it less than ideally suited for this purpose.
Massive higher spin states in string theory and gravitational quadrupoles

In this paper we study three point functions of the type II superstring involving one graviton and two massive states, focusing in particular on the spin- (7) /(2) fermions at the first mass level. Defining a gravitational quadrupole {open_quotes}{ital h} factor,{close_quotes} we find that the nonminimal interactions of string states in general are parametrized by h{ne}1, in contrast with the preferred field theory value of h=1 (for tree-level unitarity). This difference arises from the fact that consistent gravitational interactions of strings are related to the presence of a complete tower of massive states, not present in the ordinary field theory case. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
The efficiency of ionizing photon production and the radiation energy balance in compact star-forming galaxies.

We derive apparent and absolute ultraviolet (UV) magnitudes, and luminosities in the infrared (IR) range of a large sample of low-redshift (0<z<1) compact star-forming galaxies (CSFGs) selected from the Data Release 12 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). These data are used to constrain the extinction law in the UV for our galaxies and to compare the absorbed radiation in the UV range with the emission in the IR range. We find that the modelled far- and near-UV apparent magnitudes are in good agreement with the observed GALEX magnitudes. It is found that galaxies with low and high equivalent widths EW(Hbeta) of the Hbeta emission line require different reddening laws with steeper slopes for galaxies with higher EW(H$\beta$). This implies an important role of the hard ionising radiation in shaping the dust grain size distribution. The IR emission in the range of 8-1000 mum is determined using existing data obtained by various infrared space telescopes. We find that the radiation energy absorbed in the UV range is nearly equal to the energy emitted in the IR range leaving very little room for hidden star formation in our galaxies. Using extinction-corrected Hbeta luminosities and modelled SEDs in the UV range we derive efficiencies of ionising photon production \xi for the entire sample of CSFGs. It is found that $\xi$ in CSFGs with high EW(Hbeta) are among the highest known for low- and high-redshift galaxies. If galaxies with similar properties existed at redshifts z=5-10, they could be considered as promising candidates for the reionisation of the Universe.
Human behavior and lognormal distribution. A kinetic description

In recent years, it has been increasing evidence that lognormal distributions are widespread in physical and biological sciences, as well as in various phenomena of economics and social sciences. In social sciences, the appearance of lognormal distribution has been noticed, among others, when looking at body weight, and at women’s age at first marriage. Likewise, in economics, lognormal distribution appears when looking at consumption in a western society, at call-center service times, and others. The common feature of these situations, which describe the distribution of a certain people’s hallmark, is the presence of a desired target to be reached by repeated choices. In this paper, we discuss a possible explanation of lognormal distribution forming in human activities by resorting to classical methods of statistical mechanics of multi-agent systems. The microscopic variation of the hallmark around its target value, leading to a linear Fokker–Planck-type equation with lognormal equilibrium density, is built up introducing as main criterion for decision a suitable value function in the spirit of the prospect theory of Kahneman and Twersky.
ALMA Observations of the Physical and Chemical Conditions in Centaurus A

Centaurus A, with its gas-rich elliptical host galaxy, NGC 5128, is the nearest radio galaxy at a distance of 3.8 Mpc. Its proximity allows us to study the interaction among an active galactic nucleus, radio jets, and molecular gas in great detail. We present ALMA observations of low-J transitions of three CO isotopologues, HCN, HCO+, HNC, CN, and CCH toward the inner projected 500 pc of NGC 5128. Our observations resolve physical sizes down to 40 pc. By observing multiple chemical probes, we determine the physical and chemical conditions of the nuclear interstellar medium of NGC 5128. This region contains molecular arms associated with the dust lanes and a circumnuclear disk (CND) interior to the molecular arms. The CND is approximately 400 pc by 200 pc and appears to be chemically distinct from the molecular arms. It is dominated by dense gas tracers while the molecular arms are dominated by 12CO and its rare isotopologues. The CND has a higher temperature, elevated CN/HCN and HCN/HNC intensity ratios, and much weaker 13CO and C18O emission than the molecular arms. This suggests an influence from the AGN on the CND molecular gas. There is also absorption against the AGN with a low velocity complex near the systemic velocity and a high velocity complex shifted by about 60 km s−1. We find similar chemical properties between the CND in emission and both the low and high velocity absorption complexes, implying that both likely originate from the CND. If the HV complex does originate in the CND, then that gas would correspond to gas falling toward the supermassive black hole.
TASI Lectures on Abelian and Discrete Symmetries in F-theory

In F-theory compactifications, the abelian gauge sector is encoded in global structures of the internal geometry. These structures lie at the intersection of algebraic and arithmetic description of elliptic fibrations: While the Mordell--Weil lattice is related to the continuous abelian sector, the Tate--Shafarevich group is conjectured to encode discrete abelian symmetries in F-theory. In these notes we review both subjects with a focus on recent findings such as the global gauge group and gauge enhancements. We then highlight the application to F-theory model building.