Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VOCs Analysis of Three Different Cultivars of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) Whole Dietary Fiber

In this study, the trend of VOCs of dietary fiber samples, coming from three different watermelon cultivars Citrullus lanatus L. (variety Gavina®®, Crimson Sweet, and Asahi Miyako) was investigated. This foodstuff, obtained as a by-product of residual agri-food production, has gained increasing attention because of its many bioactive components and high dietary fiber content. The result is a fibrous material for specific applications in food manufacturing, such as corrector for some functional and technological properties. In this study, a method based on headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to characterize the aromatic profiles of the dried raw materials. Therefore, the VOCs of the samples of the three cultivars were investigated. Experimental results have shown that watermelon fibers generate VOCs, which can be grouped into six common classes of analytes. The different distributions of the identified compounds made it possible to effectively differentiate the three cultivars studied based on their peculiar aroma profiles. In particular, Gavina®® fiber is distinguished by the high content of terpenes, Asahi Miyako by the presence of aldehydes generated as fatty acid metabolites, and Crimson Sweet by the higher content of acetyl esters.
Accelerated and Decelerated Flows in a Circular Pipe : 1st Report, Velocity Profile and Friction Coefficient

In order to determine the flow characteristics of a transient flow in a circular pipe, an accelerated and a decelerated flow are studied, and effects of acceleration upon the formation of a velocity profile, transition and a friction coefficient are determined for a wide range of accelerations. The results of the accelerated flow show that there are two patterns in the formation of a sectional velocity profile and transition, one of which is observed when the acceleration is relatively large compared with the propagation of viscous effects, and the other when the acceleration is comparatively small. A friction coefficient of an accelerated flow tends to be larger than that of a quasi-steady flow in the laminar region, while it has reverse tendency in the turbulent region. For a decelerated flow a turbulent region is maintained almost all over the deceleration periods, and the friction coefficient becomes larger than that of a quasi-steady flow.
Understanding disruptions to children’s patterns of occupation and forms of occupational engagement during COVID-19 in Greece: An exploratory study

ABSTRACT Background Occupational engagement and participation is considered essential for children’s health, development, and social connectedness. Due to the global COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing government ordered restrictions in Greece, school aged children’s patterns of occupational engagement were altered. Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the ways in which restrictions disrupted school aged children’s occupational patterns and the ways in which they engaged in chosen occupations in Greece during the first wave of COVID-19 in 2020. Design/methodology Two hundred and seventy-five children aged 6- to 12-years old completed the Children’s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) online. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to identify how the patterns of occupation and forms of occupational engagement changed during the COVID-19 related restrictions and whether age or gender could be correlated to any altered patterns identified. Findings Children became more involved in home-based informal occupations—particularly recreational occupations—and the forms of their occupational engagement altered. Gender apparently influenced the types of occupations in which the children participated and there was an increase in the amount of time spent with family members in co-occupations. Conclusion The study described in this article was unique in that it was conducted during the first wave of COVID-19 in Greece. Its findings highlight the impacts of restrictions on children’s patterns of occupation and forms of occupational engagement within a global pandemic context.
Aspect sensitivity at tropospheric heights measured with vertically pointed beam of the Chung-Li VHF radar

Aspect sensitivity at tropospheric heights measured with the vertically pointed broad antenna beam (half power beam width is 7.4°) of the new Chung-Li VHF radar will be presented and discussed. The angular dependence of the echo power is shown to be Gaussian, and the echo power lapse rate at heights between 2 and 8 km is about 0.5 dB/deg to 1.05 dB/deg. This angular dependence levels off at approximately 4° to 10 °, depending on the heights. The observed aspect sensitivity is analyzed and related to background atmospheric parameters.
Formative Research to Strengthen Enquiry Competence in University Students

The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of formative research in strengthening enquiry competence in university students. In this sense, a single-group design with pre-test and post-test was used, with a purposive sample of 102 subjects. The instrument used was a rubric, characterised by very high valuations, in terms of validity criteria (0.917) and reliability (0.869). The results obtained exceeded expectations, which were corroborated by the Wilcoxon statistical test; since the theoretical significance α = 0.05 is superlative, when compared to the observed significance, Sig. =000; consequently, the null hypothesis was categorically rejected. In short, the proposal, consisting of five stages: sensitisation, adoption, interaction, evaluation and confrontation, proved its effectiveness in the enhancement of investigative knowledge, such as the problematisation-theorisation-checking of reality. Undoubtedly, great advances in initial training that have an impact not only in raising the quality of scientific production, but also in making sustainable the development of research skills for subsequent performance in the professional field and for improving quality in universities.
Precoded Filterbank Multicarrier Index Modulation With Non-Orthogonal Subcarrier Spacing

In this paper, we propose a novel precoded non-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (NOFDM) with subcarrier index modulation (SIM) to increase spectral efficiency for multicarrier systems. The proposed NOFDM-SIM scheme is constituted by a filterbank multicarrier system under reduced subcarrier spacing, where precoded index modulated symbols are mapped onto the subcarriers. The detrimental effects of inter-carrier interference (ICI) resulting from the non-orthogonality between subcarriers are efficiently mitigated with the aid of eigenvalue-decomposition-based precoding. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed precoded NOFDM-SIM system exhibits a similar peak-to-average power ratio to OFDM and OFDM-SIM counterparts while achieving the bit error rate limit of zero-ICI OFDM in a channel-uncoded setting. We analyze the power spectral density of the proposed scheme to demonstrate that the proposed scheme is strictly bandlimited, unlike its orthogonal counterpart. Furthermore, we present detailed investigations of the effects on ICI in the proposed scheme with and without precoding as well as power allocation. Finally, we introduce a three-stage iterative decoding architecture for our proposed scheme and show near-capacity error performance.
Evaluation of high‐resolution precipitation estimate over the Amazon Basin

Using rainfall data from S‐band radar measurements, the estimative of the rainfall from the 3B42_V6 algorithm was evaluated for the region of the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission and Large Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (TRMM–LBA) experiment, which was conducted in the Amazon Basin during the 1999 rainy season. The algorithm correctly represented the diurnal rainfall cycle, but underestimated overall precipitation rates by about 50%. It adequately represented most of the stratiform (convective) rainfall during the break (active) phase of the South American Monsoon System (SAMS). Thus, some uncertainties, as well as the algorithm applicability for the region and period studied, were demonstrated. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Analysis of global hydromagnetic instabilities driven by strongly sheared toroidal flows in tokamak plasmas

Recent numerical calculations have shown that while strong toroidal rotation can increase the external kink limit of tokamak plasmas, the associated rotation shear can drive a Kelvin–Helmholtz like global instability in the plasma, if the rotation frequency exceeds a threshold value (Chapman et al 2011 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 53 125002; Chapman et al 2012 Nucl. Fusion 52 042005). On the basis of a large aspect ratio toroidal expansion of the magnetohydrodynamic stability equations, the present paper investigates analytically various properties of this instability in tokamak plasmas with sonic toroidal flows and low magnetic shear in the core region. We also compare the analytical results with numerical code calculations. Many characteristic features and parameter dependences of the instability can be understood from the analytical theory, such as an eigenmode structure peaking at the position of largest rotation shear, and insensitivity of the growth rate to the plasma beta and to the precise value of the safety factor in the region of low magnetic shear. From an algebraic expression for the growth rate, valid asymptotically at large rotation frequencies, the drop in the dynamic pressure associated with the flow in the plasma can be identified as a major driving mechanism of the instability. For modes with (dominant) poloidal mode number m > 1, and rotating equilibria with isothermal magnetic surfaces, another driving mechanism of the instability is related to the centrifugally induced density variation along the magnetic field lines.
A Data-Driven Recipe Simulation for Synthetic Rubber Production

To manufacture synthetic rubber, rubber manufacturers require optimal recipes to ensure that it satisfies the required quality standards. Several experiments are required to create the optimal recipe, which adversely affects not only the cost and time required but also the health of workers. Suppose the experimental results can be predicted in advance at the recipe design stage before direct experimentation. In that case, the cost of the experiment can be reduced, and the workers’ health can be significantly less impacted. For this purpose, a method called the prediction walk model using a machine learning model was developed to generate the temperature trajectory in a kneading machine. A cross-updating method to predict the quality of the kneading operation is also proposed. From the results of the experiment, it was confirmed that the performance of the proposed models was superior to that of the existing prediction models.
Ensemble Multifactorial Evolution With Biased Skill-Factor Inheritance for Many-Task Optimization

Current years have witnessed an increment in the number of research activities on improving the efficacy of multitasking algorithms for tackling challenging optimization problems. However, current approaches often present two potential problems. First, although tasks may have different characteristics, existing literature usually utilizes only one search operator for all of them. Second, while multitasking environments comprise tasks of varying difficulty, previous proposals treat them equally. This article proposes an algorithm named ensemble multifactorial evolution with biased skill-factor inheritance (EME-BI) for optimizing a large number of tasks simultaneously. In EME-BI, an effective parameter adaptation based on the knowledge transfer quality with biased skill-factor inheritance mechanism is designed to minimize negative transfer and allocate generated offspring to tasks that need resources. Besides, instead of using only one fixed search operator, EME-BI can automatically select the most appropriate one for each task at each evolutionary stage. Finally, the proposed algorithm is armed with a dynamically adjusted population size to promote exploitation. Empirical studies on various many-task benchmark problems and a real-world problem are conducted to verify the efficiency of EME-BI. The results portrayed that EME-BI achieves highly competitive performance compared to several state-of-the-art algorithms regarding the solution quality, convergence trend, and computation time. This proposal also won first prize at the CEC2021 Competition on Evolutionary Multitask Optimization, multitask single-objective optimization.
The solo pantomime in the pandemic: Distance postgraduate education in the department of mathematics education during COVID-19

Turkey experiences distance education at the master’s and doctorate degrees for the first time. This study aims to reveal the essence of the distance education experiences of mathematics teachers who continue their postgraduate education with distance education due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was carried out using the phenomenological research design with six mathematics teachers who continue their postgraduate education at a state university in the Central Anatolia Region in the 2019-2020 academic year. Of the participants selected by the criterion sampling, three were master’s degree students and three were doctoral degree students. Research data were collected using semi-structured interview forms designed in line with expert opinions. The interviews were conducted online via video call on the WhatsApp application due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The experiences of the participants were identified with the phenomenon of “solo pantomime”. Participants had positive experiences such as easy access, possibility of review, improvement in technological pedagogical content knowledge, and negative experiences such as communication and connection problems, the irregularity in the schedule, inadequacy of the lesson hours, and focusing problems regarding synchronized distance education. Distance graduate education is also considered quite suitable for mathematics education courses, but insufficient for mathematics field courses. It is also understood that some participants had plans to make radical changes in their thesis topics. Participants avoid long-term experimental studies or studies that can be conducted with a large sample, and they tend towards studies that can be carried out with document analysis or small groups and had problems with their supervisors.
Groups of Polynomial Growth and Their Associated Metric Spaces

Let YN be the space associated with a finitely generated group G and a nonstandard natural number N. We prove the following two results. If YN is locally compact and has finite Minkowski dimension, then G is nilpotent-by-finite. If G is nilpotent, then YN is homeomorphic to Rn, where n is the sum of the ranks of the descending central series of G.
Diabetic Retinopathy and Associated Risk Factors Among Diabetic Patients Attending Eye Camps In Northern Bangladesh

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of vision loss which occurs as a result of microvascular complication of diabetes. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence and factors associated with development of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients attending eye camps in a diabetic hospital of northern Bangladesh. Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study, conducted through five comprehensive eye camps at diabetic association hospital in Nilphamari, Bangladesh. Previously diagnosed patients with Diabetes Mellitus attending eye camps were the sample of this study which included a total of 254 participants. All participants underwent complete eye examination to check for any signs of DR with any other ocular abnormalities. Retinopathy was determined by fundus photography and direct ophthalmoscopy. Participants were also interviewed and examined to determine their demographic characteristics, clinical conditions, awareness on diabetic retinopathy and regularity of their eye visits. Results: A total of 254 subjects were screened for diabetic retinopathy. Of them, 64 (25.2%) had diabetic retinopathy including, including 53 (20.9%) with non-proliferative retinopathy (NPDR) and 11 (4.3%) with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Clinically significant macular edema (CSME) was detected in 7 patients (2.7%). The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was higher among patients with greater duration of diabetes (p=< 0.001), poor glycemic control (p=0.002) and presence of hypertension (p=0.05). Conclusion: Regular screening in patients with diabetes for early detection of diabetic retinopathy by effective screening program and increasing public awareness are highly recommended in Bangladesh. JOPSOM 2021; 40(2):16-25
The theory of channeling at small depths

Abstract A classical theory ′of channeling of heavy charged particles in crystal has been developed. The kinetic equations of the Focker-Plank type and their solutions for the axial and planar channeling with allowance for the inelastic scattering of particles from electrons have been obtained. A detailed analysis of the distribution of particle flux across the channel has been made. The characteristic depths at which statistical equilibrium is established have been determined.
Research on surface roughness prediction in turning Inconel 718 based on Gaussian process regression

Nickel-based alloy Inconel 718 is widely used in aircraft engine industry because of its good mechanical properties. Inconel 718 is a typical difficult-to-machine material and its price is relatively expensive. Therefore, accurate prediction of Inconel 718 machined surface roughness with small sample space can improve machining efficiency, optimize process parameters and reduce machining cost. In this paper, a method is proposed to characterize the influence of cutting parameters on roughness by stablishing the corresponding relationship between the proportional hyperparameters in the multivariate kernel function and the cutting speed, cutting deep, feed rate and the rake angle of the tool. A multi input single output (MISO) multivariate Gaussian process regression (GPR) surface roughness prediction model with cutting speed, cutting depth, feed rate and tool rake angle as input variables and surface roughness as output variables is established. The model can not only output the predicted value of surface roughness, but also give the reliability of the predicted value. Experimental results show that the proportional hyperparameter has an independent adjustment function, and the influence of the process parameters characterized by the proportional hyperparameter on the surface roughness is consistent with the experimental results. The experimental results show that the average relative error of MISO multivariate GPR surface roughness prediction model proposed in this paper is 1.5%, which can accurately predict the surface roughness in small sample space.
Recovery of streamlines in the flank low‐latitude boundary layer

[1] We present first results of a novel technique for producing a two-dimensional (2-D) map of the velocity field from single-spacecraft observations of the bulk plasma parameters and magnetic field. For flow transverse to a unidirectional magnetic field, the MHD equations of motion can be reduced to a Grad-Shafranov-type (GS-type) equation for the stream function (Sonnerup et al., 2006), provided that the plasma structure is 2-D and time-independent when seen in its proper frame. We show how this equation can be used to recover the flow field in regions surrounding a spacecraft path, as was first done in the GS reconstruction of the magnetic field by Sonnerup and Guo (1996). The new method is benchmarked by use of an exact solution of the GS-type equation and further by use of synthetic data from 2-D MHD simulations of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI). Streamline maps of reasonable accuracy can be generated even when temporal evolution during the KHI development expected at the flank magnetopause is present. Application of the technique to a Geotail encounter with a train of KH waves in the low-latitude flank boundary layer indicates that a chain of vortices (each of size ∼3 R E by 1 R E ) existed and moved tailward along the magnetopause.
Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia on Emotional Regulation and Dysfunctional Sleep Beliefs Among Insomniac Patients

Objectives: Human body needs an adequate amount of night’s sleep after a long day to regain its power. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) on emotional regulation and dysfunctional sleep beliefs among insomniac patients. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, post-test, follow-up test, and a control group. The sample included 43 people referring to sleep disorders clinics in Rasoul Akram Hospital and two private clinics for psychiatrists with a sleep fellowship in Tehran City, Iran in 2020. Of the 43 patients suffering from insomnia, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), 36 individuals were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, of which 20 cases were selected and randomly assigned to an experimental (n‌=‌10) and a control group (n‌=‌10). Results: The results demonstrated a significant difference between the emotional regulation and dysfunctional beliefs scores of the experimental and control groups in the post-test (P‌<‌0.05). The results of the follow-up test indicated the sustainable effects of the therapeutic intervention on emotional regulation and dysfunctional sleep beliefs of the experimental and control groups compared to the pretest (P‌<‌0.05). Conclusion: Considering the significant effects of CBT-I on insomnia and dysfunctional sleep beliefs in the insomniac, this treatment can be used to improve their condition in sleep laboratories or other clinics.
Enhancing Psychological Interventions for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Treatment with Memory Influencing Drugs

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic psychiatric disease resulting from the experience or witnessing of traumatic events. Persistent PTSD symptoms impair patients’ daily quality of life, jeopardizing sleep, mood, sociability, and arousal. Recommended psychological or pharmacological interventions are effective only in a small portion of patients and often lead to relapse. Thus, there is a critical need to address a lack of advancement in the treatment of PTSD. The combination of psychological interventions, aimed at facilitating the extinction of the traumatic memory, and pharmacological medications, represents a promising tool for PTSD treatment. Timely use of psychotherapy in conjunction with pharmacological treatments, rather than monotherapy, could thus determine a synergistic effect by potentiating the effects of psychological interventions. In such a scenario, drugs that modulate cognitive processes involved in the development and/or persistence of post-traumatic symptomatology could be of great help to improve the outcome of psychotherapies and patients' prognosis. The purpose of the present article is to review the current data available from clinical trials on combined pharmacological treatments with psychological interventions in PTSD therapy. An overview of findings from animal studies that prompted clinical research is also discussed.
On nonlinear flow with multiple obstructions

Abstract Whereas long-wave theories have proved successful in describing, the nonlinear effects of single obstructions on narrow flows, the theories can fail when several obstructions are present. This failure is demonstrated using a simple laboratory flow which is predicted by long-wave theory to be unstable, but which is stability in practice by short-wave effects. A nonlinear dispersive theory leads to an interpretation of the short waves as a combination of cnoidal and solitary waves, and upstream control is found for the second (downstream) obstacle only.