Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Space‐group frequencies of proteins and of organic compounds with more than one formula unit in the asymmetric unit

An analysis of the distribution of organic crystal structures with more than one formula unit in the asymmetric unit among the 230 space groups has been carried out for the compounds listed in the Cambridge Structural Database. 8.3% of the total number of compounds (51 611) in the database have more than one formula unit in the asymmetric unit; 81% of these are reported in only five space groups: P21/c (27.8%), P{\bar 1} (23.5%), P21 (13.8%), P1 (8.5%) and P212121(7.8%). When all compounds are considered, the first five most populous space groups are: P21/c (36.6%), P{\bar 1}(16.9%), P212121 (11.0%), C2/c (7.0%) and P21 (6.4%). The distribution of compounds among the seven crystal systems is also reported. The frequencies indicate a preferential occurrence of lower-symmetry space groups for structures with more than one formula unit in the asymmetric unit. Space-group frequencies for protein crystal structures from the Protein Data Bank, Brookhaven, have been calculated and are compared with those of chiral small molecules.
Raman Characterization of Pigments in Painted Beams and a Wall Painting Discovered in the San Francisco Church in Santiago, Chile

ABSTRACT A material characterization of two artworks discovered in the San Francisco Church, Santiago, Chile, was performed using micro-Raman spectroscopy. Structural painted beams and a wall painting that belong to the same time period, between the end of the 17th and 19th centuries, were analyzed. The cross-section samples of both artworks were characterized and animal protein was identified in the ground layer in both cases. The supporting material of the beams was identified as cypress wood, and a rag paper layer was used as a base for the paint layer, which is composed mainly of a white ground layer on which the color was subsequently added; the yellow pigments are orpiment and chrome yellow; the green color probably arises from a mixture of orpiment, red lead, ultramarine blue, and calcite. A complete analysis of the materials using complementary techniques such as microchemistry and optical microscopy indicates that the mural was painted using a mixed technique and that organic and inorganic pigments were used. The identification of the synthetic pigment ultramarine blue in some blue areas of the wall revealed a modification of the wall painting in the 19th century; dark blue areas resulted from a mixture of indigo, palygorskite, and lazurite.
The effect of rain on air-water gas exchange

The relationship between gas transfer velocity and rain rate was investigated at NASA's Rain-Sea Interaction Facility (RSIF) using several SF 6 evasion experiments. During each experiment, a water tank below the rain simulator was supersaturated with SF 6 , a synthetic gas, and the gas transfer velocities were calculated from the measured decrease in SF 6 concentration with time. The results from experiments with 18 different rain rates (7 to 110 mm h −1 ) and 1 of 2 dropsizes (2.8 or 4.2 mm diameter) confirm a significant and systematic enhancement of air-water gas exchange by rainfall. The gas transfer velocities derived from our experiment were related to the kinetic energy flux calculated from the rain rate and dropsize. The relationship obtained for mono-dropsize rain at the RSIF was extrapolated to natural rain using the kinetic energy flux of natural rain calculated from the Marshall-Palmer raindrop size distribution. Results of laboratory experiments at RSIF were compared to field observations made during a tropical rainstorm in Miami, Florida and show good agreement between laboratory and field data. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.49. issue2.3. x
Hole injection barriers at polymer anode/small molecule interfaces

A photoemission study of the interface between spin-cast films of a conducting polymer blend consisting of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and glycerol as an additive, and vacuum-evaporated hole transport layers (HTL) of 4,4′-bis(carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl, N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(1-naphthyl)-1-1′biphenyl-4,4′-diamine and N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1′- biphenyl-4,4′-diamine reveals a hole injection barrier between 0.5 and 0.9 eV at the glycerol-modified PEDOT-PSS/HTL interface. The measured energy barriers imply a reasonable charge injection, which is very encouraging for further development of the novel anode structures based on a conducting polymer/small molecule interface to be utilized in electro-optic applications such as organic light-emitting devices.
DUAL MANAGEMENT OF ROOT- KNOT NEMATODE MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA AND WEEDS INFESTED SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM WITH PROTOPLAST FUSANTS OF BACILLUS CEREUS AND PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

The application of rhizobacteria and their genetically improved bacterial strains is a modern approach to manage pests. So, two successive field experiments were applied to reveal the dual effect of two wild bacteria namely Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their genetically improved bacterial strains viz. fusant 7, fusant 20 and fusant 35 as a safe method to control root-knot nematode and weeds infested Solanum lycopersicum. The recorded results improved that oxamyl and three genetically aforementioned bacterial strains scored the highest inhibitory effect on Meloidogyne incognita reproduction by reducing the numbers of J2 in soil, galls and egg masses in S. lycopersicum roots as compared untreated control at 70 Days after transplanting (DAT) and at harvest. Concerning to weeds, two hand hoeing and metribuzin herbicide scored the highest deleterious effect on broad leaved weeds. Whereas, clethodim herbicide, two hand hoing and metribuzin came in the first rank in controlling broad leaved weeds. The three applied fusants came in the second rank to these mechanical and chemical applications in both seasons at 70 DAT and at harvest as compared to unweeded check. Fusants were more effective than their wild parents individually or in combination in controlling weeds. Additionally, individual application of wild bacterial strains was more effective than combined application. Dual pest management of nematodes and weeds actually reflected on yield quality (TSS) as well as yield and its attributes. Meanwhile, metribuzine herbicide and three investigated fusants (7, 35 and 20) achieved the highest increment in yield reached to 175.08, 155.23, 150.79 and 117.46, successively.
Evaluation of suitable extractant for estimating soil available potassium in soils of Tamil Nadu

The assessment of soil available potassium (K) using a suitable extractant under various soil types is essential for making sound fertilizer recommendations. In the present study, suitability of six chemical extractants was evaluated using 50 georeferenced soils of Tamil Nadu for prediction of plant available K in maize (var CO-6) grown in Neubauer technique. Mean of soil K by different extractants were in the following order: Kelowna II (136.58 mg kg) > Ammonium Acetate (121.86 mg kg) > AB-DTPA (107.46 mg kg) > Mehlich 3 (91.23 mg kg) > 0.01 M CaCl2 (40.85 mg kg) > Distilled water (20.33 mg kg). The highest simple correlation with plant K uptake was obtained with Kelowna II (r = 0.74**) and lowest with 0.01M CaCl2 (r = 0.62**). Based on the R value, the Kelowna II extractant was found to be the most suitable one followed by 1 N NH4OAc irrespective of soil variables.
DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL QUALITY OF YOGURT IN BABIL GOVERNORATE MARKETS IN IRAQ

This study was conducted to determine the chemical and rheological quality of locally produced yogurt displayed in the markets of the Babil governorate. 336 samples of commercial yogurt were collected from Al-Hilla, Al-Mahawil and AlHashimiyah districts, in 6 different brands, at two different seasons; summer and winter, represented by the treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6), in addition to the control treatment (C) that is made of whole bovine milk by the college of Food Sciences laboratories/department of Dairy Science and Technology. The chemical analysis of the treatments included the percentages of; moisture, fat, protein, carbohydrates, ash and total acidity, and pH estimation. While the rheological tests included the viscosity, water holding capacity, and spontaneous whey separation. The results showed a variation in the percentage of moisture, total solids, total acidity, and pH for all the commercial treatments under study. The results also showed; a decrease in pH values, an increase in the percentage of total acidity with storage, a variation in the rheological characteristics values of the treatments immediately after manufacturing, an increment in both viscosity values and water holding capacity, and a decrease in spontaneous whey separation values with storage. Rheological evaluation results were variable for all the commercial treatment in comparison to the control treatment.
EFFECT OF BORON, AMINO ACIDS AND SILICON SPRAYING ON PEA YIELD

A field experiment was conducted in one of the private fields in Al-Souera in the winter season 2019/2020 to study the tow levels of boron spray (control and 2 mg l-1), three levels of amino acids (control, 1.5 and 3 mg L-1) and four levels of Silicon in the form of potassium silicate (control, 1, 2 and 3 mg L-1). Randomized complete block design with three replications was used. The spraying process was carried out in two periods (the first after 45 days of planting and the second after 45-day of the first spray). Pea seeds were planted in hills 30 cm apart on ridges 80 cm apart. The results showed that boron spraying caused significant increases in plant pods number (52.64 pods plant-1), the weighed of 300 seeds (65.59 g), plant yields (835 g plant-1) and the economic yield (2397 kg ha-1). Amino acids spray treatments showed significant effect and the level of 3 mg L-1 was superior in plant pods number (53.23 pods), 300 seeds weight (69.44 g), plant yield (870 g) and the economic yield (2425 kg ha1). The potassium silicate spraying caused significant effect compared to control treatment and the level of 3 mg L-1 was superior in increasing plant pods number (50.26), plant yield (761 g) and the economic yield (2147 kg ha-1). While the level of 2 mg L-1 was superior in 300 seeds weight (64.11 g). The interactions between the factors caused a significant effect on many studied traits and the interaction between boron and amino acids achieved high plant pods number (60.48), 300 seeds weight (76.22 g), plant yield (1037 g), economic yield (2928 Kg ha-1). The interaction between amino acids and potassium silicate was significantly superior in plant pods number (58.65). The interaction between the factors caused a significant increase in 300 seeds weight (82.12 g), plant yield (1181 g) and economic yield (3203 kg ha-1).
Genetic divergence for yield contributing characters in F5 families of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Twenty-one different F5 families derived from eight different crosses involving seven improved parental genotypes of West Bengal were studied for genetic diversity on the basis of yield and its attributing characters. Based on D2 analysis, the 21 families were grouped into 8 clusters. Cluster I consisted maximum of 6 families followed by Cluster II with 4 families. Wilk’s Lambda criterion = 0.7 × 10-7 and V=716.42 with 240 df revealed a highly significant difference among the genotypes for the pooled effects of all the characters. The clusters VII and VIII were mono-familial although there was a common parent. The maximum inter-cluster distance was found between cluster III and IV. Relative contribution of 100-grain weight to the total divergence was highest, followed by plant height, days to 50% flowering and straw yield.
The chemical composition of Murraya paniculata. The structure of five new coumarins and one new alkaloid and the stereochemistry of murrangatin and related coumarins

The structural determination of five new coumarins: murralonginol isovalerate (1b), isomurralonginol isovalerate (2b), murrangatin isovalerate (6b), minumicrolin isovalerate (7b), chloculol (4a), and a new indole alkaloid, paniculol (18), is described.The relative configurations hitherto reported for the α-glycol moieties in murrangatin (erythro) and minumicrolin (threo) have been revised to threo for compound (6a) and erythro for compound (7a), respectively on the basis of NOE experiments performed on the acetonides (6e) and (7e). Furthermore, the absolute configuration of (–)-murrangatin (6a) has been shown to be [R,R] by analysis of the CD spectrum of tetrahydromurrangatin dibenzoate (16b). The reaction of phebalosin (8) with hydrochloric acid has also been re-examined.
Ultrafine grained Fe-Cr-Ni austenitic stainless steels by cold rolling and reversion annealing: A review of progress in Iran

The notable contributions of Iranian scientists in the field of formation and reversion of strain-induced martensite for grain refinement and enhanced mechanical properties of Fe-Cr-Ni austenitic stainless steels are reviewed. Accordingly, the processing of ultrafine grained (UFG) structure via cold rolling and reversion annealing is summarized for AISI 301, 304, 309Si, 316, and 321 stainless steels, as well as their variants. The repetitive and innovative thermomechanical processing routes are introduced as well. The understanding of the stages of annealing (reversion of strain-induced martensite to austenite, primary recrystallization of the retained austenite, and grain growth) and the underlying reversion mechanisms (diffusional-type and martensitic shear-type) constitute the subsequent part of this overview. Finally, the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect in the reversion-treated metastable austenitic stainless steels is discussed. The present review paper summarizes these achievements with the discussion on the future prospects in this research field.
Colon Capsule Endoscopy in Detecting Colonic Diverticula in a Japanese Population

Objective The assessment of colonic diverticula with colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) in a Japanese population provided unclear results. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed a cohort of Japanese patients who had undergone CCE to assess its safety and usefulness in the diagnosis of colonic diverticula. Methods In this study, 175 consecutive Japanese patients who had their entire colon observed via CCE from November 2013 to July 2018 were included. Patients were retrospectively stratified according to age, gender, colonic segment, and symptoms involvement. A multivariable regression analysis was performed to investigate the presence of any correlation among variables. The safety of CCE was assessed in terms of the incidence of adverse events (AEs). Results Colonic diverticula were observed in 42.3% of all cases; of those; 36.5% were right-sided, 31.1% were left-sided, and 32.4% were bilateral. Moreover, one to two colonic diverticula were observed in 35.1%, while three or more diverticula were seen in 64.9%. Multivariable analysis showed that age (≥70 years) was positively associated with colonic diverticula, while male gender and the presence of colonic polyps were negatively associated with colonic diverticula. No correlation was found between colonic diverticula and symptoms. There was no significant difference between groups with and without colonic diverticula in the incidence of AEs. AEs were mild in severity, with no severe AE-related bowel preparation and capsule ingestion reported. Conclusion CCE was well-tolerated by the participants, and the incidence of colonic diverticula was 42.3%, with one to two and three or more diverticula being found in 35.1% and 64.9%, respectively. There was little difference in the frequency of colonic diverticula formation on the right side, left side, and on both sides. Age was a positive association factor, while male gender and the presence of colorectal polyps were negative association factors. No correlation was found between diverticula and symptoms.
In Situ Hydrothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of a New Inorganic Holmium–Sulfate Coordination Polymer

A new chiral holmium–sulfate coordination polymer, {Ho4(OH)4(SO4)4(H2O)3}n (1), has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that 1 crystallizes in orthorhombic space group P212121 and exhibits a unique three-dimensional chiral structure, in which {Ho4} building blocks are linked by SO42– anions to form a high connected binodal network. Furthermore, thermal and luminescence properties of 1 are investigated in the solid state.
BROWN PLUMAGE JAPANESE QUAILS ARE THE BEST BIRDS POPULATION FOR THE LARGE-SCALE EGG PRODUCTION

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the line of Japanese quails on several production traits of 800 hatched eggs in three populations differ in plumage color, Brown-line (n = 300), Black-line (n = 220) and White-line (n = 280). Variables growth traits were examined on weekly intervals, namely live body weight (LBW), egg weight (EW), egg numbers (EN), hen day production (HD%) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the entire investigated period. Results indicated the presence of a significant effect of the studied lines on the majority of investigated traits. Concerning LBW, Black-line showed higher values than Brown and White lines respectively, in the last three weeks of measurements. Concerning EW, no obvious superiority was recorded for each investigated line except for the 10th week, in which significant (P<0.01) higher values of Brown-line were observed over the other two lines. Meanwhile, Brown-line had exhibited significantly (P<0.01) higher EN and HD% values over Black and White lines, respectively. On the contrary, FCR in White-line scored higher values starting from the 10th week to the end of the experiment (12th week) than Black and Brown lines, respectively. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the obvious superiority of Brown-line over Black and White lines in the egg production traits measured. Since Black-line showed relatively higher values in LBW, we may suggest it for meat production. Meanwhile, Brown-line is the best-suited population for egg production. The observed data can be used by breeders in the large-scale egg production purposes of Japanese quails.
Assessing the Influence of Formal Training Practices on innovation performance of Pharmaceutical Firms in Kenya

The study was conducted by exploring the influences of formal training practices as a component of innovation firm performance. It considered the influences of formal training practices as one of the factors of the innovation performance of pharmaceutical firms in Kenya. The choice of the pharmaceutical industry was thought to be suitable for study due to its knowledge-intensity nature. This research study applied an ex post facto research design aimed at achieving the objectives of the study. The population of interest in this case included a sample of pharmaceutical firms in the city of Nairobi involved in manufacturing in particular, and an input from those in marketing and distribution of prescription medicines. The population of interest for study constituted selected pharmaceutical firms in Nairobi. A sample of 163 respondents was thought to suffice for this study. A data collection form or questionnaires were used to collect data from respondents for analysis. Interview schedules and analysis of secondary data were also used. Quantitative data was analyzed by both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. For purposes of inference, regression model was performed on the variables (Formal training practices vs. innovation performance in Pharmaceutical firms.) All P-values were accompanied by a 95% confidence interval around the calculated odds ratio. Qualitative data was also analyzed. Data was presented in the form of tables, charts, figures and adopted an econometric approach to test the degree of correlation between the variables by employing the multiple regression analysis. Data was coded to facilitate analysis. It was analyzed with the aid SPSS software version 20. Data was categorized and arranged to determine how independent and dependent variables relate. The study findings indicated that that there was a significant relationship between formal training and innovation performance of pharmaceutical firms (p=0.003). The study concluded that the variable formal training was found to be significant in innovation performance of pharmaceutical firms in Kenya. One of the recommendations is that further studies could be carried out on a formal training to enhance knowledge-driven culture within which innovations can be incubated and shared to enhance innovation and creative
A Method to Study Agglomerate Breakup and Bounce During Impaction

The impaction behavior of agglomerates plays a significant role in nanoparticle technology. In order to be able to evaluate the process of de-agglomeration, the agglomerates are impacted onto a surface and forces are estimated from the breakup of the agglomerates. Several studies have used this principle; however, the simultaneous bounce and breakup of the agglomerates has received little attention. In this study, a method was devised to study both agglomerate breakup and bounce during impaction. In this method, the agglomerates were impacted onto an impaction plate located in a single stage micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor and the bounced particles were collected into a sampling chamber specially designed for this task. This way, the properties of the deposited and bounced particles can be examined with transmission electron microscopy, but in addition, the bounced particles can be analyzed with online measurement instruments, such as the scanning mobility particle sizer. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and copper particles were used to test and validate the system, and the first impaction behavior results with this system were acquired using TiO2 agglomerates. It was evident that the agglomerates broke up during impaction under the conditions used in this study; the diameter of the particles decreased from 269 nm to 143 nm. It was found that half of the particles bounced. The particle diameter and the fractal dimension of the bounced particles were very similar to those of the particles that did not bounce. Copyright 2012 American Association for Aerosol Research
THE EFFECT OF STRATEGIC ORIENTATION, SUPPLY CHAIN CAPABILITY, INNOVATION CAPABILITY ON COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE AND PERFORMANCE OF FURNITURE RETAILS

The furniture retail industry which is experiencing challenges with a decline in growth, changes in buying behaviour with e-commerce and other digital platforms, makes competition in this industry more stringent. Building a sustainable competitive advantage that affects business performance, is done through the establishment of Strategic Orientation as a valuable resource , as well as strategic capabilities through Supply Chain Capability and Innovation Capability. By using the Resources Based View approach, this study is aimed to see how the influence of resources (Strategic Orientation) and capabilities (Supply Chain Capability and Innovation Capability), build competitive advantage that meets the attributes of VRIN (Valuable, Rare, Inimitable, Non-substitution) that have an impact on Business Performance as measured by perceptions of retail owners or managers. Using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM ) analysis with the AMOS program, the study sample was 156 owners or heads of traditional furniture retail stores in Surabaya, Indonesia . The findings of this study state that the Strategic Orientation and Supply Chain Capability have a significant effect on Competitive Advantage and Business Performance. Innovation Capability affects Competitive Advantage but does not significantly influence Furniture Retail Performance.