Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synchronize Only the Immature Parameters: Communication-Efficient Federated Learning By Freezing Parameters Adaptively

—Federated learning allows edge devices to collaboratively train a global model without sharing their local private data. Yet, with limited network bandwidth at the edge, communication often becomes a severe bottleneck. In this paper, we ﬁnd that it is unnecessary to always synchronize the full model in the entire training process, because many parameters already become mature (i.e., stable) prior to model convergence, and can thus be excluded from later synchronizations. This allows us to reduce the communication overhead without compromising the model accuracy. However, challenges are that the local parameters excluded from global synchronization may diverge on different clients, and meanwhile some parameters may stabilize only temporally. To address these challenges, we propose a novel scheme called Adaptive Parameter Freezing (APF), which ﬁxes (freezes) the non-synchronized stable parameters in intermittent periods. Speciﬁcally, the freezing periods are tentatively adjusted in an additively-increase and multiplicatively-decrease manner—depending on whether the previously-frozen parameters remain stable in subsequent iterations. We also extend APF into APF# and APF++, which freeze parameters in a more aggressive manner to achieve larger performance beneﬁt for large complex models. We implemented APF and its variants as Python modules with PyTorch, and extensive experiments show that APF can reduce data transfer amount by over 60% .
Ka-Band Multibeam Patch Antenna Array Fed by Spoof-Surface-Plasmon-Polariton Butler Matrix

A novel Ka-band spoof-surface-plasmon-polaritons (SSPPs) Butler-matrix-fed multibeam patch antenna array is proposed. An SSPPs-fed single-layered microstrip patch antenna with suppressed cross-polarization is investigated acting as the radiator. By using SSPPs etched on both sides of a substrate, a 3 dB coupler, a crossover, two phase shifters, and a vertical interconnection with compact geometries and promising performance are designed and investigated. By connecting the devices together, an SSPPs Butler matrix is realized, whose topology is modified in order to compensate for the phase influence of the SSPPs couplers that are different from traditional results. The $1\times4$ multibeam patch array fed by the SSPPs Butler matrix is fabricated and measured. An impedance bandwidth of 15.4%, a gain of up to 12 dBi, and stable radiation beams are obtained. Benefitting from the small ratio between the metal area and the overall array area and the promising operating performance, the proposed SSPPs fed multibeam array may find potential applications in millimeter-wave systems where the absence of a large ground is preferred.
ASYMPTOTIC DISTRIBUTIONS FOR REGRESSION-BASED SEASONAL UNIT ROOT TEST STATISTICS IN A NEAR-INTEGRATED MODEL

In this paper we derive representations for the limiting distributions of the regression-based seasonal unit root test statistics of Hylleberg, Engle, Granger, and Yoo (1990, Journal of Econometrics 44, 215–238) and Beaulieu and Miron (1993, Journal of Econometrics 55, 305–328), inter alia, when the underlying process displays near seasonal integration. Our results generalize those presented in previous studies by allowing for an arbitrary seasonal periodicity (including the nonseasonal case), a wide range of possible assumptions on the initial conditions, a range of (seasonal) deterministic mean effects, and finite autoregressive behavior in the driving shocks. We use these representations to simulate the asymptotic local power functions of the seasonal unit root tests, demonstrating a significant dependence on serial correlation nuisance parameters in the case of the pairs of t-statistics, but not the associated F-statistic, for unit roots at the seasonal harmonic frequencies. Monte Carlo simulation results are presented that suggest that the local limiting distribution theory provides a good approximation to the finite-sample behavior of the statistics. Our results lend further weight to the advice of previous authors that inference on the unit root hypothesis at the seasonal harmonic frequencies should be based on the F-statistic, rather than on the associated pairs of t-ratios.We are grateful to Bruce Hansen and two anonymous referees for their helpful comments and suggestions on earlier versions of this paper.
A Spectral Finite Element Model for Wave Propagation Analysis in Laminated Composite Plate

A new spectral plate element (SPE) is developed to analyze wave propagation in anisotropic laminated composite media. The element is based on the first-order laminated plate theory, which takes shear deformation into consideration. The element is formulated using the recently developed methodology of spectral finite element formulation based on the solution of a polynomial eigenvalue problem. By virtue of its frequency-wave number domain formulation, single element is sufficient to model large structures, where conventional finite element method will incur heavy cost of computation. The variation of the wave numbers with frequency is shown, which illustrates the inhomogeneous nature of the wave. The element is used to demonstrate the nature of the wave propagating in laminated composite due to mechanical impact and the effect of shear deformation on the mechanical response is demonstrated. The element is also upgraded to an active spectral plate clement for modeling open and closed loop vibration control of plate structures. Further, delamination is introduced in the SPE and scattered wave is captured for both broadband and modulated pulse loading.
Kinematics and ionization of extended ionized gas in active galaxies. I - The X-ray luminous galaxies NGC 2110, NGC 5506, and MCG -5-23-16

Direct CCD imaging and long-slit Vidicon spectroscopy have been used to map the emission-line ratios, profiles, and velocity fields over the extended narrow-line regions in three nearby Seyfert galaxies, NGC 2110, NGC 5506, and MCG -5-23-16. The gas in the letter is spatially unresolved. Similarities between the other two nebulae include the excitation mechanism (photoionization by a central nonthermal source) and the overall profiles of the very broad emission lines close to the nucleus. The nebulae are, however, quite different in their global kinematic behavior. In NGC 2110, the gas appears to lie in a disk or flattened spheroid and to be in ordered rotation, with a classical rotation curve, about an axis parallel to the minor axis of the stellar isophotes. The velocity field of NGC 5506 is quite irregular, but a component of rotation in the plane of the galaxy seems to exist. 63 references.
Second-Order Collocation-Based Mixed FEM for Flexoelectric Solids

Flexoelectricity is an electromechanical coupling between the electric field and the mechanical strain gradient, as well as between the mechanical strains and the electric field gradient, observed in all dielectric materials, including those with centrosymmetry. Flexoelectricity demands C1-continuity for straightforward numerical implementation as the governing equations in the gradient theory are fourth-order partial differential equations. In this work, an alternative collocation-based mixed finite element method for direct flexoelectricity is used, for which a newly developed quadratic element with a high capability of capturing gradients is introduced. In the collocation method, mechanical strains and electric field through independently assumed polynomials are collocated with the mechanical strains and electric field derived from the mechanical displacements and electric potential at collocation points inside a finite element. The mechanical strain gradient and electric field are obtained by taking the directional derivative of the independent mechanical strain and electric field gradients. However, an earlier proposed linear element is unable to capture all mechanical strain gradient components and, thus, simulate flexoelectricity correctly. This problem is solved in the present work by using quadratic shape functions for the mechanical displacements and electric potential with fewer degrees of freedom than the traditional mixed finite element method. A Fortran user-element code is developed by the authors: first, for the linear and, after that, for the quadratic element. After verifying the linear element with numerical results from the literature, both linear and quadratic elements’ behaviors are tested for different problems. It is shown that the proposed second-order collocation-based mixed FEM can capture the flexoelectric behavior better compared to the existing linear formulations.
Effective Removal of Glyphosate from Aqueous Systems Using Synthesized PEG-Coated Calcium Peroxide Nanoparticles: Kinetics Study, H2O2 Release Performance and Degradation Pathways

Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) is a non-selective, broad-spectrum organophosphate herbicide. Its omnipresent application with large quantity has made glyphosate as a problematic contaminant in water. Therefore, an effective technology is urgently required to remove glyphosate and its metabolites from water. In this study, calcium peroxide nanoparticles (nCPs) were functioned as an oxidant to produce sufficient hydroxyl free radicals (·OH) with the presence of Fe2+ as a catalyst using a Fenton-based system. The nCPs with small particle size (40.88 nm) and high surface area (28.09 m2/g) were successfully synthesized via a co-precipitation method. The synthesized nCPs were characterized using transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis (BET), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) techniques. Under the given conditions (pH = 3.0, initial nCPs dosage = 0.2 g, Ca2+/Fe2+ molar ratio = 6, the initial glyphosate concentration = 50 mg/L, RT), 99.60% total phosphorus (TP) removal and 75.10% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were achieved within 75 min. The degradation process fitted with the Behnajady–Modirshahla–Ghanbery (BMG) kinetics model. The H2O2 release performance and proposed degradation pathways were also reported. The results demonstrated that calcium peroxide nanoparticles are an efficient oxidant for glyphosate removal from aqueous systems.
Long dephasing time and high-temperature conductance fluctuations in an open InGaAs quantum dot

We measure the electron phase-coherence time tau(phi) up to 18 K using universal fluctuations in the low-temperature magnetoconductance of an open InGaAs quantum dot. The temperature dependence of tau(phi) is quantitatively consistent with the two-dimensional model of electron-electron interactions in disordered systems. In our sample, tau(phi) is two to four times larger than previously reported in GaAs quantum dots. We attribute this enhancement to a larger value of the Fermi energy and the lower electron effective mass in our sample. We also observe a distinct type of conductance fluctuation due to ballistic electron focusing inside the dot up to 204 K.
Identification of entacapone as a chemical inhibitor of FTO mediating metabolic regulation through FOXO1

Entacapone improves metabolic homeostasis in diet-induced obese mice through a direct effect on an FTO-FOXO1 regulatory axis. The skinny on FTO Although the fat mass and obesity-associated gene FTO has been linked to genetic risk of obesity, the mRNA demethylase that it encodes has proven difficult to therapeutically target. From a screen of approved drugs, Peng et al. identified entacapone, a catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, as an inhibitor of FTO. In vivo administration of entacapone improved body weight and glucose tolerance and increased adipose thermogenesis in mice, which the authors tied to decreased FTO-catalyzed m6A demethylation of FOXO1 mRNA. Further studies will need to confirm the repurposing potential of entacapone for obesity or metabolic disease in humans. Recent studies have established the involvement of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) in metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. However, the precise molecular mechanism by which FTO regulates metabolism remains unknown. Here, we used a structure-based virtual screening of U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs to identify entacapone as a potential FTO inhibitor. Using structural and biochemical studies, we showed that entacapone directly bound to FTO and inhibited FTO activity in vitro. Furthermore, entacapone administration reduced body weight and lowered fasting blood glucose concentrations in diet-induced obese mice. We identified the transcription factor forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) mRNA as a direct substrate of FTO, and demonstrated that entacapone elicited its effects on gluconeogenesis in the liver and thermogenesis in adipose tissues in mice by acting on an FTO-FOXO1 regulatory axis.
Augmented Reality (AR) pada Geogebra Meningkatkan Kemampuan Spasial dan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis pada Materi Dimensi Tiga

One of the factors that can improve learning outcomes is the use of learning media. Today, there are many choices of media to be used in the teaching and learning process. The use of ICT-based media is one option that is currently being widely used. One technology that can be taken into account is the use of Augmented Reality (AR) media. Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that integrates two-dimensional or three-dimensional objects into a real environment. The use of AR in learning can make learning more interactive. The purpose of this study is to describe Augmented Reality (AR) learning media in learning. The method used in this study is the method of literature review or literature study as a source of data. After tracing the data, it was found that Augmented Reality (AR) had a positive effect on spatial abilities and mathematical problem solving abilities. Therefore, the use of this media can be an option for educators in conveying materials related to geometry.
Surface barrier discharge modelling for aerodynamic applications

A physical and numerical model for surface dielectric barrier discharge evolution in atmospheric air was developed and tested against experimental data for discharge parameters. Both discharge formation and relaxation phases were simulated successfully using a new approach of non-local air ionization by electron impact and ab initio boundary conditions on the electrode and dielectric surface. The main features of the physical and numerical model of the discharge simulation have been discussed. It was shown that discharge relaxation phase contributes primarily to momentum and heat sources relevant for flow control. The momentum source spatial distribution has a complex structure with the regions of upstream and downstream body force direction and qualitatively depends on applied voltage polarity and voltage pulse waveform. For different conditions it could lead to either near-surface flow acceleration or vortex generation.
Electronic transport in solids: the resolvent method revisited

It is shown how a straightforward generalisation of the memory function or resolvent technique yields explicit expressions approaching the exact solution of the Boltzmann equation. As an explicit example the author calculates mobility, thermopower and thermal conductivity in polar semiconductors. The dynamical conductivity is also calculated, and a general discussion of the resolvent method as opposed to using a kinetic equation is given.
Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha in Intestinal Homeostasis and Gut Related Diseases

The intestinal epithelium constitutes an indispensable single-layered barrier to protect the body from invading pathogens, antigens or toxins. At the same time, beneficial nutrients and water have to be absorbed by the epithelium. To prevent development of intestinal inflammation or tumour formation, intestinal homeostasis has to be tightly controlled and therefore a strict balance between cell death and proliferation has to be maintained. The proinflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) was shown to play a striking role for the regulation of this balance in the gut. Depending on the cellular conditions, on the one hand TNFα is able to mediate cell survival by activating NFκB signalling. On the other hand, TNFα might trigger cell death, in particular caspase-dependent apoptosis but also caspase-independent programmed necrosis. By regulating these cell death and survival mechanisms, TNFα exerts a variety of beneficial functions in the intestine. However, TNFα signalling is also supposed to play a critical role for the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), infectious diseases, intestinal wound healing and tumour formation. Here we review the literature about the physiological and pathophysiological role of TNFα signalling for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and the benefits and difficulties of anti-TNFα treatment during IBD.
The LipoDerm Method for Regeneration and Reconstruction in Plastic Surgery: A Technical Experimental Ex Vivo Note

The combination of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and dermal scaffolds has been shown to be an approach with high potential in soft tissue reconstruction. The addition of dermal templates to skin grafts can increase graft survival through angiogenesis, improve regeneration and healing time, and enhance the overall appearance. However, it remains unknown whether the addition of nanofat-containing ASCs to this construct could effectively facilitate the creation of a multi-layer biological regenerative graft, which could possibly be used for soft tissue reconstruction in the future in a single operation. Initially, microfat was harvested using Coleman’s technique, then isolated through the strict protocol using Tonnard’s technique. Finally, centrifugation, emulsification, and filtration were conducted to seed the filtered nanofat-containing ASCs onto Matriderm for sterile ex vivo cellular enrichment. After seeding, a resazurin-based reagent was added, and the construct was visualized using two-photon microscopy. Within 1 h of incubation, viable ASCs were detected and attached to the top layer of the scaffold. This experimental ex vivo note opens more dimensions and horizons towards the combination of ASCs and collagen–elastin matrices (i.e., dermal scaffolds) as an effective approach in soft tissue regeneration. The proposed multi-layered structure containing nanofat and dermal template (Lipoderm) may be used, in the future, as a biological regenerative graft for wound defect reconstruction and regeneration in a single operation and can also be combined with skin grafts. Such protocols may optimize the skin graft results by creating a multi-layer soft tissue reconstruction template, leading to more optimal regeneration and aesthetic outcomes.
Intracellular and Extracellular Metabolites from the Cyanobacterium Chlorogloeopsis fritschii, PCC 6912, During 48 Hours of UV-B Exposure

Cyanobacteria have many defence strategies to overcome harmful ultraviolet (UV) stress including the production of secondary metabolites. Metabolomics can be used to investigate this altered metabolism via targeted and untargeted techniques. In this study we assessed the changes in the intra- and extracellular low molecular weight metabolite levels of Chlorogloeopsis fritschii (C. fritschii) during 48 h of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) supplemented with UV-B (15 µmol m−2 s−1 of PAR plus 3 µmol m−2 s−1 of UV-B) and intracellular levels during 48 h of PAR only (15 µmol m−2 s−1) with sampling points at 0, 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used as a metabolite profiling tool to investigate the global changes in metabolite levels. The UV-B time series experiment showed an overall significant reduction in intracellular metabolites involved with carbon and nitrogen metabolism such as the amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine which have a role in secondary metabolite production. Significant accumulation of proline was observed with a potential role in stress mitigation as seen in other photosynthetic organisms. 12 commonly identified metabolites were measured in both UV-B exposed (PAR + UV-B) and PAR only experiments with differences in significance observed. Extracellular metabolites (PAR + UV-B) showed accumulation of sugars as seen in other cyanobacterial species as a stress response to UV-B. In conclusion, a snapshot of the metabolome of C. fritschii was measured. Little work has been undertaken on C. fritschii, a novel candidate for use in industrial biotechnology, with, to our knowledge, no previous literature on combined intra- and extracellular analysis during a UV-B treatment time-series. This study is important to build on experimental data already available for cyanobacteria and other photosynthetic organisms exposed to UV-B.
Final equilibrium state of a two-dimensional shear layer

We test a new statistical theory of organized structures in two-dimensional turbulence by direct numerical stimulations of the Navier–Stokes equations, using a pseudo-spectral method. We apply the theory to the final equilibrium state of a shear layer evolving from a band of uniform vorticity: a relationship between vorticity and stream function is predicted by maximizing an entropy with the constraints due the constants of the motion. A partial differential equation for the stream function is then obtained. In the particular case of a very thin initial vorticity band, the Stuart's vortices appear to be a family of solutions for this equation. In more general cases we do not solve the equation, but we test the theory by inspecting the relationship between stream function and vorticity in the final equilibrium state of the numerical computation. An excellent agreement is obtained in regions with strong vorticity mixing. However, local equilibrium is obtained before a complete mixing can occur in the whole fluid domain.
Integral equation method using total scalar potential for the simulation of linear or nonlinear 3D magnetostatic field with open boundary

A method of simulating both linear and nonlinear 3D magnetostatic field with open boundary is described. It is based on the integration with total scalar potential on the surface (linear problems) or in the volume (nonlinear problems) of magnetic materials. For nonlinear problems, this procedure can avoid the cancellation errors and is convenient because of the use of total scalar potential and the volume integration only. It was tested by a given example and was applied to a deflection field calculation of multipole yoke. >
Layer inflow into precipitating convection over the western tropical Pacific

A conceptual model of tropical convection frequently used in convective parametrization schemes is that of a parcel process in which boundary‐layer air, characterized by high equivalent potential temperature, ascends to great heights in convective updraughts, while air above the planetary boundary layer with lower equivalent potential temperature mixes into convective downdraughts and sinks. However, airborne Doppler‐radar data show that organized deep convective systems over the western tropical Pacific warm pool are often characterized by layers of ascending inflow ∼0.5–4 km in depth. These inflow layers do not consist merely of boundary‐layer air.