Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chronic Nicotine Consumption and Withdrawal Regulate Melanocortin Receptor, CRF, and CRF Receptor mRNA Levels in the Rat Brain

Alterations in the various neuropeptide systems in the mesocorticolimbic circuitry have been implicated in negative effects associated with drug withdrawal. The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone are two peptides that may be involved. This study investigated the regulatory effects of chronic nicotine exposure and withdrawal on the mRNA levels of melanocortin receptors (MC3R, MC4R), CRF, and CRF receptors (CRFR1 and CRFR2) expressed in the mesocorticolimbic system. Rats were given drinking water with nicotine or without nicotine (control group) for 12 weeks, after which they continued receiving nicotine (chronic exposure) or were withdrawn from nicotine for 24 or 48 h. The animals were decapitated following behavioral testing for withdrawal signs. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that nicotine exposure (with or without withdrawal) increased levels of CRF and CRFR1 mRNA in the amygdala, CRF mRNA in the medial prefrontal cortex, and CRFR1 mRNA in the septum. Nicotine withdrawal also enhanced MC3R and MC4R mRNA levels in different brain regions, while chronic nicotine exposure was associated with increased MC4R mRNA levels in the nucleus accumbens. These results suggest that chronic nicotine exposure and withdrawal regulate CRF and melanocortin signaling in the mesocorticolimbic system, possibly contributing to negative affective state and nicotine addiction.
A Comprehensive Review of Risk Factors and Thrombophilia Evaluation in Venous Thromboembolism

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which encompasses deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are many factors, both acquired and inherited, known to increase the risk of VTE. Most of these result in increased risk via several common mechanisms including circulatory stasis, endothelial damage, or increased hypercoagulability. Overall, a risk factor can be identified in the majority of patients with VTE; however, not all risk factors carry the same predictive value. It is important for clinicians to understand the potency of each individual risk factor when managing patients who have a VTE or are at risk of developing VTE. With this, many providers consider performing a thrombophilia evaluation to further define a patient’s risk. However, guidance on who to test and when to test is controversial and not always clear. This comprehensive review attempts to address these aspects/concerns by providing an overview of the multifaceted risk factors associated with VTE as well as examining the role of performing a thrombophilia evaluation, including the indications and timing of performing such an evaluation.
Molecular epidemiological investigation of G6PD deficiency in Yangjiang region, western Guangdong province

Objectives: The prevalence of G6PD deficiency has not been reported in Yangjiang, a western city in Guangdong province. This study aims to investigate the molecular characteristics of G6PD deficiency in this region. Methods: Blood samples were collected from adults at a local hospital to screen for G6PD deficiency. The deficient samples were subjected to further analysis using PCR and reverse dot blot to determine the specific G6PD variants. Results: Among the 3314 male subjects, 250 cases of G6PD deficiency were found using the G6PD enzyme quantitative assay, resulting in a prevalence of 7.54% (250/3314) in the Yangjiang region. The prevalence of G6PD deficiency in females was 3.42% (176/5145). Out of the 268 cases of G6PD deficiency tested for G6PD mutations, reverse dot blot identified 20 different G6PD variants. The most common G6PD variant was c.1388G>A (81/268), followed by c.1376G>T (48/268), c.95A>G (32/268), c.1024C>T (9/268), c.392G>T (7/268), and c.871G>A/c.1311C>T (6/268). It was observed that c.871G>A was always linked to the polymorphism of c.1311C>T in this population. Conclusion: This investigation into G6PD deficiency in this area is expected to significantly improve our understanding of the prevalence and molecular characterization of this condition.
Solution-Plasma Synthesis and Characterization of Transition Metals and N-Containing Carbon–Carbon Nanotube Composites

Lithium–air batteries (LABs) have a theoretically high energy density. However, LABs have some issues, such as low energy efficiency, short life cycle, and high overpotential in charge–discharge cycles. To solve these issues electrocatalytic materials were developed for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which significantly affect battery performance. In this study, we aimed to synthesize electrocatalytic N-doped carbon-based composite materials with solution plasma (SP) using Co or Ni as electrodes from organic solvents containing cup-stacked carbon nanotubes (CSCNTs), iron (II) phthalocyanine (FePc), and N-nethyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP). The synthesized N-doped carbon-based composite materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). TEM observation and XPS measurements revealed that the synthesized carbon materials contained elemental N, Fe, and electrode-derived Co or Ni, leading to the successful synthesis of N-doped carbon-based composite materials. The electrocatalytic activity for ORR of the synthesized carbon-based composite materials was also evaluated using electrochemical measurements. The electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the electrocatalytic performance for ORR of N-doped carbon-based composite material including Fe and Co showed superiority to that of N-doped carbon-based composite material including Fe and Ni. The difference in the electrocatalytic performance for ORR is discussed regarding the difference in the specific surface area and the presence ratio of chemical bonding species.
Asthma prevalence among Iraqi children

Asthma is a chronic disease resulting from inflammation of the respiratory tract and is more common in children than adults. There are few studies conducted in Iraq to determine the rate of this disease. Previous studies were searched on various scientific research sites such as Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Iraqi academic journals website for the period from 2000 to 2023. Five studies were included in this review out of thirty-five studies conducted previously. Studies showed that the highest prevalence of asthma was in the capital, Baghdad, 22.7%, and the lowest was in Erbil Governorate, 7%. This discrepancy may result from the difference in environmental conditions between different regions of Iraq. It is necessary for Iraqi health authorities to conduct comprehensive and modern studies to determine the extent of the prevalence of asthma in Iraq.
Translation Quality Assessment: Past and Present

Recent decades have witnessed a growing interest in translation quality assessment (TQA), which is dedicated to the formulation of an objective and comprehensive model for translation evaluation. However, most attempts focus on theoretical explanations, while ignoring concrete instructions and operationalizations. Although House was not the first person to initiate a TQA model, her model is ‘still the only fully worked out, research-based, theoretically-informed and interdisciplinary conceived approach to translation quality assessment of its kind’ (p. 1). Translation Quality Assessment shows the resilience of House’s TQA model, which took its original shape in House (1977), was refined in House (1997), and has now become a fully revised and integrative model. The book contains 12 chapters. Justification for writing the book is provided in Chapter 1, where it is stated that it ‘is a new treatment of translation quality assessment designed to update my two previous versions of a model for translation quality assessment (1977, 1997)’ (p. 1). House says:
Expatriation and permanent emigration intention among youth in Azerbaijan

What are the major factors affecting Azerbaijani youth to boost their motivation for emigration? The research explores a complex interplay of possible factors that shape the temporary and permanent emigration intentions among Azerbaijani youth, using a survey of 1085 respondents aged 17 to 35 (47% males, 53% females). According to the study, youth’s emigration intention in Azerbaijan should be concerning, as more than half are willing to leave the country permanently. More and more young individuals dream of moving abroad since they attract to the allure of higher earnings, higher standards of living, and many other factors. Social and environmental factors, such as the quest for personal freedom, satisfaction from ecological conditions, marital status, family ties, and age factor are the strongest contributors to youth’s expatriate motivation. Besides, almost all life domains significantly influence the permanent emigration intentions of youth. To sum it up, this research sheds light on the considerations of Azerbaijani youth and provides insights into the factors that drive or hinder emigration. The study concludes that to prevent youth emigration, policymakers in Azerbaijan must address the root causes of emigration. Research findings offer a unique perspective for policymakers to design a migration policy to help retain young talent.
Statistical study on ultralow‐frequency waves in the magnetotail lobe observed by Cluster

Based on Cluster data, we investigate 263 waves with periods between 40 and 150 s (Pi2 band events) and 161 waves with periods between 150 and 600 s (Pc5 band events) in the magnetotail lobe. Our findings are as follows: (1) 90% of the mean wave amplitudes within 40–150 s (150–600 s) are below ~0.25 (0.36) nT for the transverse components and ~0.16 (0.39) nT for the compressional components; (2) 69.6% (35.4%) of the compressional ratios of the waves with periods 40–150 s (150–600 s) are less than 0.5 with the maximum occurrence at ~0.3 (0.8); (3) waves within 40–150 s are more likely to occur in the lobe region close to the plasma sheet; (4) the wave amplitudes and the AE index are weakly correlated; however, the amplitudes tend to be larger when the AE index is larger; and (5) the amplitudes also tend to be larger when the solar wind velocity and the solar wind dynamic pressure or its variations (∆PSW) are larger; the correlation coefficient between the wave amplitudes with periods between 150 and 600 s and ∆PSW is up to ~0.58. We suggest that both dynamic processes in the plasma sheet boundary layer or plasma sheet (inner sources) and solar wind conditions (outer sources) can contribute to the generation of the lobe ULF waves; waves within 40–150 s are affected more by inner sources, while strong ∆PSW can drive compressional waves within 150–600 s in the magnetotail lobe.
On the balance between nematic and smectic phases in 2′,3′-difluoro-4,4″-dialkyl-p-terphenyls

ABSTRACT The full homologous series of 2ʹ,3ʹ-difluoro-4,4″-dialkyl-p-terphenyls, where alkyl chains are from methyl to nonyl length, have been synthesised and mesomorphic properties, phase transition temperatures and enthalpies were measured. The influence of the terminal chain length on thermal mesophase range, phase sequence has been analysed and discussed. The odd–even and symmetric–non-symmetric effects have also been studied and its influence on smectic to nematic balance was analysed. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
The Mesoproterozoic rifting in the North China Craton: A case study for magmatism and sedimentation of the Zhaertai-Bayan Obo-Huade rift zone

The Mesoproterozoic rift zones in the North China Craton include the Xiong'er,Yanliao and Zhaertai-Bayan Obo-Huade rift zones from south to north. The Xiong'er Group is featured by the major volcanism at 1780 ~ 1750 Ma,above which the Wufoshan,Ruyang and Guandaokou groups were formed in a passive continental margin. The Yanliao rift zone includes the Changcheng,Jixian and Qingbaikou systems. The Tuanshanzi and Dahongyu formations of the Changcheng system have volcanic rocks at ca. 1640 Ma and1626 ~ 1622 Ma,respectively. The tuffs in the Gaoyuzhuang,Wumishan and Tieling formations of the Jixian system were formed at1560 Ma,1485Ma and 1437 Ma respectively,whereas the Xiamaling tuffs in the unnamed system have ages of 1366 ~ 1380 Ma. In the Zhaertai-Bayan Obo-Huade rift zone,the Shujigou basalts and Agulugou felsic volcanics of the Zhaertai Group have ages of 1743 Ma and~ 810 Ma,respectively. The Jianshan Formation of the Bayan Obo Group has mafic volcanics of 1728 Ma and the Bilute tuffs of the Huade Group formed at 1515 Ma. Besides the volcanisms in the rift zones,the Mesoproterozoic magmatism include three episodes of mafic dyke swarms( ca. 1780 Ma Taihang-Luliang dyke swarm,ca. 1730 Ma Miyun dyke swarm and ca. 1620 Ma Taishan dyke swarm)and 1. 76 ~ 1. 65 Ga anorogenic magmatism( anorthosite-rapakivi granite-A-type granite). In the Middle Mesoproterozoic,mafic sills( dykes),A-type granites and carbonate dykes develop in the northern margin of the North China Craton. The bimodal magmatism suggests that the northern margin of North China Craton has experienced rifting in the Middle Mesoproterozoic,which are related with final breakup of the Columbia Supercontinent and formation of the giant Bayan Obo REE-Nb-Fe deposit. The two rift zones in the northern North China Craton have similar stratigraphic sequences and formation ages. The Middle Mesoproterozoic anorogenic magmatism can be compared with those in other cratons and suggests that the North China Craton is involved in the final breakup of the Columbia Supercontinent. Paleomagnetic data indicate that the Siberia,Laurentia,Baltica,Amazion and North China cratons are connected together in the Columbia Supercontinent,and the rift-related magmatic rocks in the northern margin suggest that it connected with another craton. However,whether the Xiong'er volcanics in the southern margin of the North China Craton formed in a continental rift or active continental margin is important about whether it was connected with another craton or faced an ocean,which need further studies.
Ethnobotany in Bung Khong Long non-hunting area, northeast Thailand

Bung Khong Long Non-Hunting Area is located in Nong Khai province, northeast Thailand. It has two forest areas: Don Sawan and Don Mor Thong, which are large lowland evergreen forests of this region. At least 4 villages, 364 households, and 2,566 people live around the two forests. This study focused on ethnobotanical knowledge of the villagers comprising list of useful plants and method of use. Data and plant specimens were collected by interviews with practitioners from 121 households (25%) and plant collecting trips during field studies, respectively, (April 2001, July 2001, November 2001, and April 2002). A total of 203 species, 128 genera, and 67 families were considered as ethnobotanical plants by the villagers. These species were divided into 4 categories (some species overlapped among these categories): 108 edibles (53%), 76 medicinals (37%), 14 construction materials (7%), and 40 for other purposes (20%). Leaf was the most frequently used plant part. Most medicinals were prepared by decoction and immersion in the liqueur for drinking. The villagers gathered the useful plants throughout the year. Most of the useful plants were collected for household uses and a few were collected for selling.
Allogrooming of captive Franois langur (Trachypithecus francoisi)

We studied allogrooming in a group of captive Franois langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) at the Primate Reproductive Center,Nanning Zoo,Guangxi,between July 1 and August 31.We used focal animal sampling and all occurrence recording,recording 663 allogrooming bouts in 27 days of observations (162 hours of observations). Allogrooming was concentrated primarily on body surface areas that were inaccessible during autogrooming.Areas that were easy to reach were allogroomed less frequently,supporting the hygienic functional hypothesis.Allogrooming bout initiations and terminations were decided by groomers.Allogrooming occurred more frequently between adult females.Allogrooming was influenced by social ranking,but the highest-ranking individuals were not the most attractive gromming partners.Reciprocal allogrooming bouts among low-ranking individuals were more frequent than those between high-ranking individuals and low rank individuals.
Visualizing, interpreting and comparing detrital zircon age and Hf isotope data in basin analysis – a graphical approach

The development of fast and reliable instrumental methods for U‐Pb dating and Lu‐Hf isotope analysis of zircon has caused detrital zircon to become a popular provenance indicator for clastic sediments and an important tool in basin analysis. In parallel with the increasing ease of access to data, advanced methods of data interpretation have been developed. The downside of some techniques for visualization and comparison of detrital zircon distribution patterns is that the results are difficult to relate to what the zircon grains really record: The age and nature of geological processes in a protosource terrane. Some simple methods of data presentation and inter‐sample comparison that preserve a direct and intuitively understandable relationship between the data and the age of zircon‐forming processes in the protosource are proposed here: Comparison of confidence intervals around empirical, cumulative distribution curves combined with the use of a plot of upper vs. lower quartile values of cumulative zircon U‐Pb age or Lu‐Hf model age distributions. This approach allows a robust and transparent separation to be made between samples whose detrital zircon distributions are indistinguishable from each other, and those that are more or less similar. Furthermore, it allows simple comparison between detrital zircon distributions and the geological age record of potential protosource terranes, or the detrital zircon distributions of possible sedimentary precursors.
Semi-active control for the seat car suspension system using MR elastomer isolator

The suspension system for the car seat is an important part of the vehicle that helps to increase comfort and reduce fatigue. The study of suspension systems using magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) has attracted researchers in recent years. MRE is an elastomer material such as rubber. The modulus of the material can change when a magnetic field is applied. In this study, an MRE-based isolator is first developed for a seat car suspension system. The characteristics of the isolator are investigated under the strength of the magnetic field. Based on Lyapunov theory and constraint force, the semi-active controller is then designed. Numerical simulations for the car seat dynamics system show that the developed isolator can reduce vibrations more when compared with the passive approach in the case of bump and random excitations. The results show significant potential for its application in vehicle seat vibration control.
Old Wine in New Bottles. Narrative complexity in the dawn of Netflix Originals (2013-2017)

This article explores how the first five years of Netflix Originals dramatic storytelling fit the “Complex TV” label that Mittell defined, with its innovative season-drop delivery strategy. We focus on one narratological device: the delimited flashback, the predominant type of analepsis in the 33 pilot episodes that made up our sample. Although the delimited flashbacks analyzed are semantically diverse, the discussion combines quantitative data with a qualitative analysis focusing on three key elements: the objects and places that trigger the characters’ memories, the contradictory or parallel relationship between timeframes, and the violation of boundaries between narrative layers.
Risk factors for osteoporosis in Japan: is it associated with Helicobacter pylori ?

Background: A number of diseases and drugs may influence bone mineral density; however, there are few reports concerning the relationship between lifestyle-related diseases and osteoporosis in Japan as determined by multivariate analysis. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for osteoporosis and whether infection by or eradication of Helicobacter pylori is associated with osteoporosis. Methods: Between February 2008 and November 2014, using a cross-sectional study design
Biocontrol potential of endophytic bacterium Bacillus altitudinis GS-16 against tea anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Background As one of the main pathogens causing tea anthracnose disease, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides has brought immeasurable impact on the sustainable development of agriculture. Given the adverse effects of chemical pesticides to the environment and human health, biological control has been a focus of the research on this pathogen. Bacillus altitudinis GS-16, which was isolated from healthy tea leaves, had exhibited strong antagonistic activity against tea anthracnose disease. Methods The antifungal mechanism of the endophytic bacterium GS-16 against C. gloeosporioides 1-F was determined by dual-culture assays, pot experiments, cell membrane permeability, cellular contents, cell metabolism, and the activities of the key defense enzymes. Results We investigated the possible mechanism of strain GS-16 inhibiting 1-F. In vitro, the dual-culture assays revealed that strain GS-16 had significant antagonistic activity (92.03%) against 1-F and broad-spectrum antifungal activity in all tested plant pathogens. In pot experiments, the disease index decreased to 6.12 after treatment with GS-16, indicating that strain GS-16 had a good biocontrol effect against tea anthracnose disease (89.06%). When the PE extract of GS-16 treated mycelial of 1-F, the mycelial appeared deformities, distortions, and swelling by SEM observations. Besides that, compared with the negative control, the contents of nucleic acids, protein, and total soluble sugar of GS-16 group were increased significantly, indicating that the PE extract of GS-16 could cause damage to integrity of 1-F. We also found that GS-16 obviously destroyed cellular metabolism and the normal synthesis of cellular contents. Additionally, treatment with GS-16 induced plant resistance by increasing the activities of the key defense enzymes PPO, SOD, CAT, PAL, and POD. Conclusions We concluded that GS-16 could damage cell permeability and integrity, destroy the normal synthesis of cellular contents, and induce plant resistance, which contributed to its antagonistic activity. These findings indicated that strain GS-16 could be used as an efficient microorganism for tea anthracnose disease caused by C. gloeosporioides.
Victims of Child Grooming: An Evaluation in University Students

The appearance of new ways of committing sexual violence via technological media and virtual spaces has produced countless situations where sexual abuse of minors may occur. This is the digital scenario surrounding the phenomenon of grooming. The present study focuses on analyzing grooming experienced by Spanish university students during childhood. The sample comprised 3293 students in higher education, 68.3% of whom were female, 30.5% were male, and 1.2% identified as non-binary. The mean age was 18.83 years (SD = 2.28). The results confirmed that sexual abuse of minors has moved towards virtual environments, indicating a prevalence of 12.2% for grooming, which was more likely to have affected women and non-binary people. In addition, student victims of grooming were more often also victims of sextortion. Consumption of pornography was also shown to be particularly important, with the results indicating that students who consumed it and started consuming it before they were 16 years old were more often victims of grooming. These findings should encourage the educational community to develop preventive actions that match the reality of online child sexual abuse. In summary, the only path towards preventing and detecting grooming is to invest in high-quality digital education and sex education from a gender perspective.