Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transformer with Syntactic Position Encoding for Machine Translation

It has been widely recognized that syntax information can help end-to-end neural machine translation (NMT) systems to achieve better translation. In order to integrate dependency information into Transformer based NMT, existing approaches either exploit words’ local head-dependent relations, ignoring their non-local neighbors carrying important context; or approximate two words’ syntactic relation by their relative distance on the dependency tree, sacrificing exactness. To address these issues, we propose global positional encoding for dependency tree, a new scheme that facilitates syntactic relation modeling between any two words with keeping exactness and without immediate neighbor constraint. Experiment results on NC11 German→English, English→German and WMT English→German datasets show that our approach is more effective than the above two strategies. In addition, our experiments quantitatively show that compared with higher layers, lower layers of the model are more proper places to incorporate syntax information in terms of each layer’s preference to the syntactic pattern and the final performance.
Oscillations of rotating magnetized neutron stars with purely toroidal magnetic fields

We investigate the oscillation spectrum of rotating Newtonian neutron stars endowed with purely toroidal magnetic fields, using a time-evolution code to evolve linear perturbations in the Cowling approximation. The background star is generated by numerically solving the magnetohydrodynamics equilibrium equations and may be non-spherical by virtue of both rotation and magnetic effects; hence, our perturbations and background are fully consistent. Whilst the background field is purely toroidal, the perturbed field is mixed poloidal–toroidal. From Fourier analysis of the perturbations, we are able to identify a number of magnetically restored Alfven (or a) modes. We show that in a rotating star pure inertial and a-modes are replaced by hybrid magneto-inertial modes, which reduce to a-modes in the non-rotating limit and inertial modes in the non-magnetic limit. We show that the r-mode instability is suppressed by magnetic fields in sufficiently slowly rotating stars. In addition, we determine magnetic frequency shifts in the f-mode. We discuss the astrophysical relevance of our results, in particular for magnetar oscillations.
1 0 Ju l 2 01 3 Codensity and the ultrafilter monad

Even a functor without an adjoint induces a monad, namely, its codensity monad; this is subject only to the existence of certain limits. We clarify the sense in which codensity monads act as substitutes for monads induced by adjunctions. We also expand on an undeservedly ignored theorem of Kennison and Gildenhuys: that the codensity monad of the inclusion of (finite sets) into (sets) is the ultrafilter monad. This result is analogous to the correspondence between measures and integrals. So, for example, we can speak of integration against an ultrafilter. Using this language, we show that the codensity monad of the inclusion of (finite-dimensional vector spaces) into (vector spaces) is double dualization. From this it follows that compact Hausdorff spaces have a linear analogue: linearly compact vector spaces. Finally, we show that ultraproducts are categorically inevitable: the codensity monad of the inclusion of (finite families of sets) into (families of sets) is the ultraproduct monad.
Understanding Mechanical Properties of Nano-Grained Bainitic Steels from Multiscale Structural Analysis

Steel components working in extreme conditions require materials presenting the highest performances. Nowadays, nanoengineering is being applied to the development of ultra-high strength steels as a key-enabling technology in the steel sector. The present article describes the multiscale structure of nano-grained steels designed using atomic transformation theory and processed by a simple heat treatment. Outstanding mechanical properties for these novel steels are reported, and strain-hardening mechanisms are discussed.
Environmental Regulation, Technological Innovation, and Industrial Transformation: An Empirical Study Based on City Function in China

The Chinese economy has now transitioned from rapid expansion to high-quality growth. The issue of achieving synergy between environmental conservation and economic growth has become a serious concern. Based on the panel data of 120 prefecture-level cities in China from 2008 to 2017, we used the panel threshold regression model to investigate the influences of environmental regulation (ER) and technological innovation (TI) on urban industrial transformation. Further, we examined the threshold characteristics of four types of functional cities—resource-based, industry-oriented, comprehensive regional, and other types of cities. Our results show that ER and TI have varied effects on the industrial transformation of the four categories of functional cities. Both ER and TI have significant nonlinear threshold impacts on industrial transformation in resource-based cities. The inhibitory effect of ER on industrial structure rationalization decreases as the severity of ER increases. There is a shift from the promotion to the restriction of industrial structure rationalization due to TI increase. In contrast, TI strengthens the optimization of industrial structure. The promotion effects of ER and TI on industrial structure optimization improve as the former and latter increase in comprehensive regional cities. The influence of TI on the industrial transformation of industry-oriented cities is consistent with its impact on resource-based cities. These findings provide theoretical guidance and inspiration for urban industrial transformation in response to ER and TI based on their functional roles.
opulation pharmacokinetics and xposure-response relationship of nfuvirtide in treatment-experienced uman immunodeficiency virus ype 1 – infected patients

Objective: Our objective was to characterize population pharmacokinetics of enfuvirtide, 90 mg twice daily injected subcutaneously, in treatment-experienced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)–infected patients, as well as the relationship between exposure and antiviral effect. Methods: Plasma concentrations of enfuvirtide and HIV-1 ribonucleic acid were obtained from 628 patients in 2 phase III studies. NONMEM software was used for population pharmacokinetic analysis and to assess the effects of age, gender, body weight, anti-gp41 antibodies, and concomitant drugs. Enfuvirtide exposure (area under the plasma concentration–12-hour time curve or steady-state trough concentration) was calculated from individual parameter estimates derived from the model. The decline in HIV-1 ribonucleic acid from baseline at week 2 or 24 was regressed against estimates of enfuvirtide exposure by a maximum effect model. The exposure-response relationship was examined in functional monotherapy (phenotypic sensitivity score of 0) and combination therapy (phenotypic sensitivity score >1). Results: Enfuvirtide population pharmacokinetics was well described by a 1-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination. Body weight and female gender were identified as affecting apparent clearance but not efficacy and safety. Concomitant medications had no significant effect on enfuvirtide pharmacokinetics. Antiviral response to enfuvirtide was independent of drug exposure, suggesting that the approved 90-mg twice-daily dose was in the plateau portion of the dose-response curve. For functional monotherapy (phenotypic sensitivity score of 0), approximately 66% of estimated maximal effect was achieved at week 2 and 73% at week 24, and for combination therapy, more than 92% was achieved at both weeks 2 and 24. Conclusions: Body weight and gender affected enfuvirtide clearance, but changes in exposure did not affect efficacy or safety. Efficacy reached a plateau at the 90-mg twice-daily dosage in the exposure-response curve. (Clin Pharmacol Ther 2005;77:515-28.)
Who Benefits from CAP? The Way the Direct Payments System Impacts Socioeconomic Sustainability of Small Farms

The effects of globalization have often been adverse for the agricultural sector, especially its most vulnerable element—the small farm. The importance of the agricultural sector as a whole and small farms in the sense of ensuring food security, employment and viability of rural areas, implies a necessity to support the sector and small farms in particular. For this purpose, the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union (EU) seeks to boost the sustainability of agriculture in multiple dimensions. The 2013 reform of the CAP has provided a particularly strong impetus towards this direction. This paper establishes an indicator system to quantify the effects of the CAP direct payments on the socioeconomic sustainability of small farms. Expert survey and multi-criteria assessment are used to this end. The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is applied for the multi-criteria analysis. Lithuania is taken as a case study. The results show that, in the case of Lithuania, the direct payment system did not contribute to the improvement in socioeconomic sustainability of small farms up until 2013 CAP reform when its impact became undeniable.
On amalgamations of Heegaard splittings with high distance

Let M be a compact, orientable 3-manifold and F an essential closed surface which cuts M into M 1 and M 2 . Suppose that M i has a Heegaard splitting Vi U Si W i with distance D(S i ) ≥ 2 g (M i ) + 1, i = 1,2. Then g(M) = g(M 1 ) + g(M 2 ) - g(F), and the amalgamation of V 1 ∪ S1 W 1 and V 2 ∪ S2 W 2 is the unique minimal Heegaard splitting of M up to isotopy.
The stakeholder–performance relationship in nonprofit sport clubs: the case of South-Eastern European basketball clubs

Abstract This research aims to disclose how the influence of different stakeholder groups is reflected in the organizational performance of nonprofit sport clubs. ANOVA, principal component analysis and correlation analysis were employed on data from 73 South-Eastern European basketball clubs. The results show that private sponsors’ involvement positively correlates with the clubs’ top sport achievements and financial results. In contrast, the interference of volunteers, the local community, the state and municipal authorities in club activities positively correlates with the accomplishment of local-community-oriented goals and nonfinancial objectives. The implications offer empirical support in those countries where sport clubs still operate as nonprofits for altering policy to ensure that the providers of public funds become more active in terms of monitoring the effects of their donations and sponsorships or for stimulating policymakers to think about changing the legislative framework to encourage top sport clubs to transform into profit-oriented organizations.
Microseismic depletion delineation

ABSTRACTHess Corporation performed an extensive data collection project in 2011 designed to investigate infill well spacing in the Williston Basin. Using combined microseismic and pressure data collected from six observation wells and the original depleted horizontal wellbore, we identified the potential for using microseismic data to monitor the extent of depletion in unconventional reservoirs. We propose broader use of this surveillance process, which we call microseismic depletion delineation. We recommend pumping pressurized fluids into, or in the vicinity of, a well that has been on production while simultaneously monitoring for microseismic events as a means to discover the optimal spacing for development wells. Our measurements revealed that depletion over a two-and-a-half year period puts the reservoir in a critically stressed state. By repressurizing the depleted wellbore to a level below the minimum horizontal stress, we promoted shear events that revealed the location of the connected, permeabl.
FFet al Financial audit – feckless for economic re-launch

The credibility of financial audit suffered an important decrease upon the economic crisis has been released. Even though solutions for its improvement were conferred, such as the Green Paper code, it continues to be a feckless tool for overcoming upon the recent financial crisis. This research provides evidence about the characteristics of financial audit of listed Romanian entities and about the correlation with entities’ evolution. The results emphasize that the lack of transparency in financial reporting is a key element to economic re-launch.
Distraction-aware Shadow Detection Supplementary Material

First, we show more qualitative results of our method, compared with the prior methods. Specifically, we compare our results with that of RAS [1], SRM [7], Stacked-CNN [5], scGAN [4], DSC [2], ADNet [3] and BDRAR [9] on SBU [5] and UCF [8] test dataset (Figure 1, 2, 3). We compare our results with that of RAS, SRM, DSC and BDRAR on ISTD [6] test dataset. Then, we show more visual results of our shadow and distraction detection in Figure 5, 6.
Experimental Validation of a Model Predictive Control Strategy on a Three-terminal VSC-HVDC Mock-up

The subject of this paper is the experimental validation of a recently proposed advanced control scheme for Voltage Source Converters (VSC) based on Model Predictive Control (MPC). The main purpose of the investigated advanced controller is the frequency support from an AC grid to another after significant disturbance through HVDC Grid. The paper reports on the implementation methodology on a small-scale 3-terminal DC mock-up grid consisting of several physical low-scale VSCs, actual DC cables. These components are coupled with realtime simulation tools simulating the adjacent AC grids. The different steps for the validation process of the MPC strategy are illustrated, starting from offline simulation based on a model of the DC grid, up to the actual implementation of the controller in the mock-up of the DC grid.
Southwest Pacific tropical cyclone development classification utilizing machine learning and synoptic composites

This study evaluates the ability of machine learning algorithms to classify tropical depressions (TDs) and tropical storms (TSs) in the western region of the southwest Pacific Ocean (SWPO). Decision rules are generated to predict the environment required for a depression to fully develop into a mature storm, and the most influential predictors in the classification decision are ranked. TD and TS are discriminated based on a maximum sustained wind speed threshold (≥17 ms−1). Various aerosol, thermodynamic, and dynamic parameters are extracted closest to the initiation point of each non‐developing and developing sample. The covariates associated with each labelled sample are used to train a decision tree and random forest model. Results using a testing dataset suggest the random forest approach more accurately distinguishes between non‐developing and developing samples. The classification accuracy of the decision tree and random forest are 72% and 91%, respectively. Random forest outperformed the decision tree by providing higher accuracy in test data. The most important variables for binary classification are sea salt aerosol optical depth (AOD), 1,000 mb relative humidity, and sea surface temperature. AOD is a quantitative estimate of the aerosols presents in the air through the extinction of a ray of light as it passes through the atmosphere. Mean composite maps constructed in an unsupervised manner have been created for the most important variables identified by the random forest classifier during TD and TS events to highlight the difference in geophysical and aerosol variables' climatology during the two different classifications. This work will advance the risk management strategies for northeastern Australia and other SWPO basin islands to control their tropical cyclone related losses through prioritizing forecasting variables that are the strongest predictors of the strengthening of tropical depressions into tropical cyclones.
Convergence sets in reflexive Banach spaces

A closed linear subspace M of a reflexive Banach space X with X and X* strictly convex is the range of a linear contractive projection iff J(M) is a linear subspace of X*. Hence the convergence set of a net of linear contractions is the range of a contractive projection if X and X* are locally uniformly convex. Let X be a Banach space over C or R, and let (Tn) be a net of linear contractions on X. The convergence set for (Tn) is lx e X: Tnx -x. Bernau [1] showed that if X is an Lp space, p e (1, c), then a convergence set is the range of a linear contractive projection. A simplification and generalization of this result follows from the characterisation of ranges of contractive linear projections of Theorem 1, and is given as Theorem 2 below. Let S be a subset of X. Then the shadow of S is the set of x in X such that Tnx -' x for every net of linear contractions on X such that Tny -, y for all y in S. Assuming X to be an Lp space, Bernau [1] showed tha the shadow of S is the range of a contractive projection, and that if E is th range of a contractive projection, and E contains S, then E contains the shadow of S. This result holds generally, and is given as Corollary 2. Theorem 3 considers finding the projection in terms of the net (Tn). By a nearest point projection (on a subset K of aBanach space X) we mean a function Q taking x in X to a nearest point in K. Lemma 1. A set is the range of a linear contractive projection iff it is the nullspace of a linear nearest point projection. Proof. Q is a linear nearest point projection iff I Q is a linear contractive projection. Theorem 1. Let X be a strictly convex reflexive Banach space with strictly convex dual X*. Let J: X -* X* be the duality map; IIJxjj = jIxjj, (Jx, x) llxll 2. Then a closed linear subs pace M of X is the range of a Received by the editors November 1, 1973. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 46B99, 47B99.
Interaction of Atriopeptin Ill and Vasopressin on Calcium Kinetics and Contraction of Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells

The cellular mechanism of the vasodilatory action of atriopeptin III (APIII) on vasopressin (AVP)-induced Ca2+ mobilization and cell shape change in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) was studied. APIII (10-' M) attenuated the increase of intracellular free Ca2+, [Ca21h, induced by 10-' M AVP (234.0±14.8 vs. 310.0±28.4 nM, P < 0.01). Similar results were obtained in 45Ca2' efflux experiments. APIII (10-' M), however, did not alter AVP-induced inositol trisphosphate (IP3) production, although the levels of inositol-l-phosphate were significantly reduced. The effect of APIII to block or attenuate AVP-induced Ca 2 mobilization was associated with an inhibition of AVP-stimulated cell shape change. The effect of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) on cell shape, however, oc-curred at lower ANF concentrations than the effect on the Ca2+ mobilization. APIII stimulated production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in VSMC. The effect of APIII on AVP-stimulated Ca2+ mobilization was partially mimicked by the stable nucleotide 8-bromo cGMP and was not affected by the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, methylene blue (10-4 M). These results suggest that APIII exerts its vasodilatory effect, in part, by interference with vasopressor-stimulated Ca2+ mobilization in vascular smooth muscle cells, perhaps by stimulating particulate guanylate cyclase and cGMP. How-ever, an effect of ANF on the contractile mechanism at a site independent is also
Formal meta-analysis of hypoxic gene expression profiles reveals a universal gene signature and cell type-specific effects

Background Integrating transcriptional profiles results in the identification of gene expression signatures that are more robust than those obtained for individual datasets. However, direct comparison of datasets derived from heterogeneous experimental conditions is not possible and their integration requires the application of specific meta-analysis techniques. The transcriptional response to hypoxia has been the focus of intense research due to its central role in tissue homeostasis and in prevalent diseases. Accordingly, a large number of studies have determined the gene expression profile of hypoxic cells. Yet, in spite of this wealth of information, little effort have been done to integrate these dataset to produce a robust hypoxic signature. Results We applied a formal meta-analysis procedure to a dataset comprising 425 RNAseq samples derived from 42 individual studies including 33 different cell types, to derive a pooled estimate of the effect of hypoxia on gene expression. This approach revealed that a large proportion of the transcriptome (8556 genes out of 20888) is significantly regulated by hypoxia. However, only a small fraction of the differentially expressed genes (1265 genes, 15%) show an effect size that, according to comparisons to gene pathways known to be regulated by hypoxia, is likely to be biologically relevant. By focusing on genes ubiquitously expressed we identified a signature of 291 genes robustly and consistently regulated by hypoxia. Finally, by a applying a moderator analysis we found that endothelial cells show a characteristic gene expression pattern that is significantly different from other cell types. Conclusion By the application of a formal meta-analysis to hypoxic gene profiles, we have developed a robust gene signature that characterizes the transcriptomic response to low oxygen. In addition to identifying a universal set of hypoxia-responsive genes, we found a set of genes whose regulation is cell-type specific and suggest a unique metabolic response of endothelial cells to reduced oxygen tension.
Ten Fast Transfer Learning Models for Carotid Ultrasound Plaque Tissue Characterization in Augmentation Framework Embedded with Heatmaps for Stroke Risk Stratification

Background and Purpose: Only 1–2% of the internal carotid artery asymptomatic plaques are unstable as a result of >80% stenosis. Thus, unnecessary efforts can be saved if these plaques can be characterized and classified into symptomatic and asymptomatic using non-invasive B-mode ultrasound. Earlier plaque tissue characterization (PTC) methods were machine learning (ML)-based, which used hand-crafted features that yielded lower accuracy and unreliability. The proposed study shows the role of transfer learning (TL)-based deep learning models for PTC. Methods: As pertained weights were used in the supercomputer framework, we hypothesize that transfer learning (TL) provides improved performance compared with deep learning. We applied 11 kinds of artificial intelligence (AI) models, 10 of them were augmented and optimized using TL approaches—a class of Atheromatic™ 2.0 TL (AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA, USA) that consisted of (i–ii) Visual Geometric Group-16, 19 (VGG16, 19); (iii) Inception V3 (IV3); (iv–v) DenseNet121, 169; (vi) XceptionNet; (vii) ResNet50; (viii) MobileNet; (ix) AlexNet; (x) SqueezeNet; and one DL-based (xi) SuriNet-derived from UNet. We benchmark 11 AI models against our earlier deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) model. Results: The best performing TL was MobileNet, with accuracy and area-under-the-curve (AUC) pairs of 96.10 ± 3% and 0.961 (p < 0.0001), respectively. In DL, DCNN was comparable to SuriNet, with an accuracy of 95.66% and 92.7 ± 5.66%, and an AUC of 0.956 (p < 0.0001) and 0.927 (p < 0.0001), respectively. We validated the performance of the AI architectures with established biomarkers such as greyscale median (GSM), fractal dimension (FD), higher-order spectra (HOS), and visual heatmaps. We benchmarked against previously developed Atheromatic™ 1.0 ML and showed an improvement of 12.9%. Conclusions: TL is a powerful AI tool for PTC into symptomatic and asymptomatic plaques.
IDEALS OF MULTIPLIER ALGEBRAS OF SIMPLE AF C*-ALGEBRAS

It is shown that the C*-algebra M(A)/A, where A is a nonunital separable simple AF C*-algebra and M(A) is the multiplier algebra of A, is simple if and only if A has a continuous scale or A is elementary. Some results concerning the ideal structure of M(A)/A are also obtained in the case that it is nontrivial.