Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (ctDCS) Effect in Perception and Modulation of Pain

Transcranial direct stimulation (tDCS) in the treatment of intractable or marginally tractable pain is experiencing an increasing diffusion in many fields worldwide. Recently, new modality of tDCS application has been proposed and applied, as cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS). Indeed, the cerebellum has been proved to play a role in pain processing and to be involved in a wide number of integrative functions. In this chapter, we encompass the history of the technique, analysis of principles, a general description, including the meth-odological procedures of ctDCS; then, main clinical applications and their main effects in perceptive threshold of pain and other sensation, pain intensity, and laser evoked potentials (LEPs) changes.
Knowledge of Moroccan Dentists Towards the Prophylaxis of Infective Endocarditis

Background: The involvement of oral bacterias in the occurrence of infective endocarditis (IE) has prompted the adoption of antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental procedures for patients at high-risk. The aim of this paper was to assess the knowledge of Moroccan dentists regarding the management of patients with heart disease at risk of infective endocarditis. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive analytical study which targeted 200 dentists in the city of Rabat- Morocco. A questionnaire with 16 questions was distributed randomly. The level of knowledge of dentists was established based on the number of correct answers for each section and responses were assessed according to the American Heart Association (AHA) 2007 guidelines. Results: Only 133 practitioners have agreed to participate in our study with a response rate of 66,5%. 87% of dentists reported contacting the cardiologist before starting treatment, 33% of practitioners weren’t aware of any guidelines and 20% knew AHA 2007, 52% reported not following guidelines in the management of patients with heart disease. Among the cardiac conditions and dental procedures proposed in the questionnaire which required prophylaxis; 8% and 2% respectively chose the correct answer according to the AHA’s 2007 guidelines. 31% of dentists answered correctly on the prescription of antibiotic prophylaxis protocol according to the latest recommendations. Conclusion: According to our results, the knowledge of Moroccan private general dentists towards endocarditis prophylaxis was in a low level. The study highlights the need for continuous education.
Differences in the relationship of weight to height, and thus the meaning of BMI, according to age, sex, and birth year cohort

Abstract Background: Weight can be adjusted for height using the Benn parameter (kg/mB), where B is the power that minimises the correlation with height. Aim: To investigate how the Benn parameter changes across age (10–65 years) and time (1956–2015) and differs between sexes. Subjects and methods: The sample comprised 49,717 individuals born in 1946, 1958, 1970 or 2001. Cross-sectional estimates of the Benn parameter were produced and cohort differences at ages 10/11 and 42/43 years were examined using linear regression. Multilevel modelling was used to develop trajectories showing how the Benn parameter changed over age from childhood to mid-adulthood in the three older cohorts. Results: The Benn parameter was closest to 2 in childhood but consistently lower across adulthood, particularly in females and the most recent cohort. At ages 10/11 years, the Benn parameter was greater than 3 in both sexes in the 2001 cohort but between 2.2 and 2.7 in the three older cohorts. This difference was estimated to be +0.67 (0.53, 0.81) in males and +0.53 (0.38, 0.68) in females, compared to the 1946 cohort, and was driven by a much higher weight SD in the 2001 cohort. Conversely, at ages 42/43 years, the Benn parameter was lowest in the 1970 cohort due to a slightly lower weight-height correlation. This difference was estimated to be −0.12 (−0.34, 0.10) in males and −0.15 (−0.42, 0.13) in females, compared to the 1946 cohort. Conclusions: Changes over time in the obesogenic environment appear to have firstly reduced the Benn parameter due to a lowering of the weight-height correlation but secondly and more drastically increased the Benn parameter due to increasing weight variation.
Review: The meaning of coping for kidney transplant recipients: a phenomenological study

End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is growing in prevalence globally, potentially as a consequence of increasing rates of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Advancements in renal replacement therapies have significantly increased life expectancy among patients with ESKD, with kidney transplantation being the most common modality used. Iran’s non-related donor renal transplant programme has resulted in a significant increase in the number of patients receiving a kidney transplant, and currently their transplantation rates are comparable to those of developed countries (Mousavi et al., 2014). There is increasing acknowledgement of the difficulties associated with adaptation to renal replacement therapies, and the need for patients to develop effective coping strategies to manage these difficulties. The reviewed study examines the meaning of coping for kidney transplant recipients in Iran using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. The identified themes focus primarily on adherence to the treatment regime associated with transplantation, while highlighting the importance of social support and spirituality for Iranian patients. Consequently, the authors reject commonly used theories of stress and coping, such as Lazarus and Folkman’s model of stress (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984), as they are unable to account for the use of religion as a means of coping with transplantation. This research supports studies that have identified the importance of spirituality in other clinical populations, as religion is an important component of coping for patients with cancer in Iran (Sharif et al., 2018). This has implications for practice as spirituality is an under-addressed need within holistic care, with Iranian nurses reporting they feel unqualified and have insufficient knowledge to address patients’ spiritual needs (Zakaria Kiaei et al., 2015). Although the researchers identify a spirituality theme, other themes predominantly centre on behavioural, lifestyle and attitudinal changes associated with kidney transplant, and do not
Nitrogen and phosphorus control carbon sequestration in agricultural ecosystems: modelling carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus balances at the Breton Plots with ecosys under historical and future climates1

Abstract: Perennial legumes in crop rotations increase soil C sequestration from greater productivity with N2 fixation. Here, we corroborated increases in soil organic carbon (SOC) and harvests modelled in 5 yr wheat–oats–barley–alfalfa/brome–alfalfa/brome (5Y) vs. 2 yr wheat–fallow (WF) rotations with those measured from 1929 to 2018. Harvest and SOC gains of 100–150 g C m−2 yr−1 and 15–25 g C m−2 yr−1 were modelled and measured in 5Y vs. WF rotations with different fertilizer and manure amendments. Modelled gains were closely related to annualized rates of N2 fixation by alfalfa of 8–10 g N m−2 yr−1. However, N2 fixation also drove increases in modelled N2O emissions of ca. 0.06 g N m−2 yr−1, which partially offset gains in SOC. Gains in harvest, SOC, and N2O emissions of 60–90 g C m−2 yr−1, 15 g C m−2 yr−1, and 0.05 g N m−2 yr−1 were modelled and measured in both rotations with amendments of N + P relative to unamended treatments. Harvest and SOC gains were smaller, and leaching and N2O losses larger, with amendments of N without P. After 100 yr of RCP 8.5 climate change, harvests in WF changed little from those in baseline runs, whereas those in 5Y rose with N + P because of increased N2 fixation. SOC declined in WF with all amendments and could only be raised in 5Y with N + P amendments. These model findings indicated the importance of N2 fixation and P amendments in determining responses of agroecosystem productivity and C sequestration to climate change.
Suppression of Dielectric Loss at High Temperature in (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3 Ceramic by Controlling A-site Cation Deficiency and Heat Treatment

Dielectric capacitors are integral components in electronic devices that protect the electric circuit by providing modulated steady voltage. Explosive growth of the electric automobile market has resulted in an increasing demand for dielectric capacitors that can operate at temperatures as high as 400 ℃. To surpass the operation temperature limit of currently available commercial capacitors that operate in temperatures up to 125 ℃, Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3 (BNT), which has a large temperature-insensitive dielectric response with a maximum dielectric permittivity temperature of 300 ℃, was selected. By introducing an intentional A-site cation deficiency and post-heat treatment, we successfully manage to control the dielectric properties of BNT to use it for high-temperature applications. The key feature of this new BNT is remarkable reduction in dielectric loss (0.36 to 0.018) at high temperature (300 ℃). Structural, dielectric, and electrical properties of this newly developed BNT were systematically investigated to understand the underlying mechanism.
Primer registro en la Península Ibérica de Oobius rudnevi (Nowicki, 1928) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), un parasitoide oófago poco conocido de Cerambyx sp. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Oobius rudnevi (Nowicki, 1928) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is first reported from Iberia and southern Europe using sentinel eggs. The parasitoid was detected in July 2016 in three oak open woodlands in Extremadura (SW Spain), located in Almendral (La Jara) and Merida (La Serrana and Cornalvo Natural Park). O. rudnevi para-sitized both the eggs of Cerambyx cerdo Linnaeus, 1758 (its only known host to date) and C. welensii (Kuster, 1845), which constitutes a new host-parasitoid association (C. welensii-O. rudnevi). Parasitism rate was quite variable among sites and dates (range 0–93%), with a higher prevalence in C. cerdo than in C. welensii. New studies are conducted in the field and laboratory to explore the ecology, behaviour and parasitic potential of O. rudnevi in Mediterranean oak open woodlands.
Corona virus diseases (Covid-19): Sebuah tinjauan literatur

Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19). In 2020, a new type of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was spread, called a disease called Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This virus was discovered in Wuhan, China for the first time and has infected 90,308 people as of March 2, 2020. The number of deaths reached 3,087 people or 6%, the number of patients recovering 45,726 people. This type of single positive RNA strain infects the human respiratory tract and is sensitive to heat and can effectively be activated by chlorine-containing disinfectants. The source of the host is thought to come from animals, especially bats, and other vectors such as bamboo rats, camels and ferrets. Common symptoms include fever, cough and difficulty breathing. Clinical syndrome is divided into uncomplicated, mild pneumonia and severe pneumonia. Specimen examination is taken from the throat swab (nasopharynx and oropharynx) and lower airway (sputum, bronchial rinse, endotracheal aspirate). Isolation was carried out on patients proven to be infected with Covid-19 to prevent wider spread. Abstrak: Penyakit Virus Corona (Covid-19) tahun 2020 merebak virus baru coronavirus jenis baru (SARS-CoV-2) yang penyakitnya disebut Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Virus ini ditemukan di Wuhan, China pertama kali dan sudah menginfeksi 90.308 orang per tanggal 2 Maret 2020. Jumlah kematian mencapai 3.087 orang atau 6%, jumlah pasien yang sembuh 45.726 orang. Virus jenis RNA strain tunggal positif ini menginfeksi saluran pernapasan manusia dan bersifat sensitif terhadap panas dan secara efektif dapat diinaktifkan oleh desinfektan mengandung klorin. Sumber host diduga berasal dari hewan terutama kelelawar, dan vektor lain seperti tikus bambu, unta dan musang. Gejala umum berupa demam, batuk dan sulit bernapas. Sindrom klinik terbagi menjadi tanpa komplikasi, pneumonia ringan dan pneumonia berat. Pemeriksaan spesimen diambil dari swab tenggorok (nasofaring dan orofaring) dan saluran napas bawah (sputum, bilasan bronkus, aspirat endotrakeal). Isolasi dilakukan pada pasien terbukti terinfeksi Covid-19 untuk mencegah penyebaran lebih luas.
STUDENTS’ ABILITY TO WORK WITH GRAPHS IN PHYSICS STUDIES RELATED TO THREE TYPICAL STUDENT GROUPS

Graphs are often used to represent mathematical functions, to illustrate data from social and natural sciences, or to specify scientific theories. With increasing emphasis on the development of scientific research skills, the work with graphs and data interpretation are gaining in importance. The research involved an eye-tracking experiment conducted to evaluate student work with graphs in physics. Eye-movement data were recorded using the GazePoint eye-tracker. A total of 40 third-year grammar school students participated in the research. These students were allocated into three groups by a physics teacher. These groups were called PLUS, AVERAGE and MINUS. The PLUS group showed excellent results in education and included gifted physics students. The MINUS group was composed of the opposite end of this cognitive spectrum, whose members made the most mistakes in graph reading. The aim of the experiment was to find the differences between students allocated to these three groups and to evaluate whether the allocation based on the teacher’s experience, long-term observations and the students’ previous achievements was sufficient. The results showed that students from all three groups had problems with reading graphs in physics. According to the eye-movement data, several students who had been incorrectly assigned to groups were identified. Keywords: education in physics, gifted children, graph, eye-tracking, experimental study.
Nutrition knowledge and factors associated with anthropometric and haematological indices among female undergraduate students in University of Nigeria, Nsukka

Poor nutritional status among adolescents and young adults can have serious consequences on their health. This study assessed the nutrition knowledge, anthropometric, haematological indices and associated factors among female undergraduate students of University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 500 respondents from four faculties of the University. Nutrition knowledge and food habit of the respondents were obtained using structured and validated questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements (weight and height), haemoglobin, haematocrit, malaria parasite and blood pressure were obtained. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 18.0 was used for data analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Data were presented as frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation. Relationships existing among variables at p < 0.05 were determined using Pearson’s correlation. Fair nutrition knowledge existed in 40.0% of the respondents. Anthropometric measurements revealed that 40.0% and 2.0% were overweight and severely obese, respectively. The prevalence of mild anaemia was 25.3% while 64% had for malaria parasite. Systolic and diastolic hypertension existed in 2.7% and 5.3%, respectively. Significant (p < 0.05) relationship existed between haemoglobin and monthly allowance; malaria parasite; body mass index (BMI) and nutrition knowledge. Poor nutrition knowledge, obesity, malaria and anaemia existed among the respondents. Nutrition education is required and should be promoted amongst University students. Keywords: Body mass index; food habits; blood pressure; malaria parasite; haemoglobin
Study of turbulent flow past a square cylinder using partially-averaged Navier–Stokes method in OpenFOAM

The present paper reports numerical simulation of turbulent flow over a square cylinder using a novel scale resolving computational fluid dynamics technique named Partially-Averaged Navier–Stokes (PANS), which bridges Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) with Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) in a seamless manner. All stream-wise and wall normal mean velocity components, turbulent stresses behavior have been computed along the flow (streamwise) as well as in transverse (wall normal) direction. The measurement locations are chosen based on the previous studies so that results could be compared. However, the Reynolds number (Re) of the flow is maintained at 21,400 and K–ω turbulence model is considered for the present case. All the computations are performed in OpenFOAM framework using a finite volume solver. Additionally, turbulent kinetic energy variations are presented over a wide range of measurement planes in order to explain the energy transfer process in highly unsteady turbulent flow field. The fluctuating root mean square velocities in the streamwise as well as in the wall normal direction have been discussed in the present work. It has been found that Partially-Averaged Navier–Stokes (PANS) model is capable of capturing the properties of highly unsteady turbulent flows and gives better results than Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS). The results obtained using Partially-Averaged Navier–Stokes (PANS) are quite comparable with Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) data available in literature. The partially-averaged Navier–Stokes results are compared with our simulated Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) results, available experimental as well as numerical results in literature and it is found to be good in agreement.
Sleep Patterns and Quality in Omani Adults

Background Sleep patterns have changed continuously worldwide and it can be influenced by social, cultural, and environmental factors. These patterns may be associated with poor sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. The aim of the study was to investigate sleep patterns and quality in Omani adults using actigraphy. Subjects and Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted between June 2015 and February 2017. Four hundred subjects agreed to participate in the study (52% male, 48% female). Subjects were randomly selected and enrolled in the study among young adults and middle aged individuals living in the City of Muscat. Subjects were asked to fill-in Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Actigraphy was used to measure their sleep patterns for one week. Results The mean age of participants was 32.80±11.50 years. Four sleep patterns were identified: monophasic, bi-phasic (post-dawn), bi-phasic (afternoon siesta), and polyphasic (three sleep periods/24 hours). The study revealed that 35% of participants had biphasic-siesta sleep pattern, 28% polyphasic, 26% monophasic, and 11% biphasic-dawn. The biphasic siesta pattern was found to be associated with younger age group (25–34 years) (P=0.001). Polyphasic sleep was associated with higher ESS score (P=0.001) but not with poor sleep quality (P=0.24). There was no significant difference in night sleep duration among all the sleep patterns (P=0.07) but the polyphasic sleep pattern had higher total 24-hour day sleep duration (P=0.03). Nearly 90% of participants practiced afternoon siestas with mean duration of 45±43 minutes. Conclusion The predominant sleep pattern among Omanis was biphasic-siesta and majority of people practiced afternoon siesta. Polyphasic sleep pattern is associated with daytime sleepiness.
Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Diabetic Foot Infections

ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 2 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com Diabetes mellitus is a serious public health problem and remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The Indian diabetic population is expected to increase to 57 million by the year 2025 and 87 million by 2030. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a serious and common problem in patients with diabetic foot Infection. Colonization with MRSA may result in prolonged hospital stay and excessive direct economic cost. Until now few studies are available about methicillinresistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains isolated in diabetic foot infections in this part of India. Therefore the study was conducted to know the prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of MRSA isolated among the diabetic foot Infection. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Shri B.M Patil Medical College Hospital and Research center, Vijayapur. A total of 96 patients with history of diabetes which yielded S. aurius were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. MRSA were detected by Cefoxitin Disc Diffusion Test, Oxacillin Disk Diffusion Method and by mecA gene PCR The male DFI patients formed the sources for majority of the isolates with percentage of 55.2%. patients with DFI were more among the elderly people age group of 41-60, followed by 61-8age group. In the present study, isolation rate of MRSA was 44% in our study. MRSA isolates were more resistant then MSSA isolates. Detection of mecA gene is considered the gold standard for MRSA confirmation. In our study, the PCR detected 44 isolates as MRSA and the 52 isolates as MSSA. Cefoxitin and Oxacillin detected 42 and 35 isolates as MRSA respectively. Diabetic foot infections (DFI) are very serious and life threatening if not treated in time and with proper antibiotics. MRSA are one of the important causes of diabetic foot Infection and hence should be identified early for better outcome. cefoxitin disc is better than oxacillin disc for the detection of methicillin resistance. Results of cefoxitin disc diffusion test are as good as PCR used for mecA gene, and thus the cefoxitin can be used for identification of MRSA in setting where PCR is not available. K e y w o r d s Staphylococcus aureus, Colonization,
Hepatic microcirculatory thrombosis in acute-on-chronic hepatic failure

Background Acute-on-chronic hepatic failure is an increasing number of identified distinct disorders encompassing an acute deterioration of hepatic functions in patients with chronic liver disease Aim The aim was to evaluate the possibility of hepatic microcirculatory thrombosis in acute-on-chronic hepatic failure and the value of plasma fibrin monomer (FM) and D-dimer in the diagnosis. Patients and methods A total of 50 patients with chronic hepatitis C infection developing new-onset ascites, encephalopathy, and/or jaundice with raised international normalisation ratio (INR) (group 1); group 2 included 30 patients with compensated chronic hepatitis C virus infection who served as the control group. Ascetic fluid examination and culture were done for group 1, in addition to complete blood count, liver enzymes, INR, serum bilirubin and albumin, blood culture, α-fetoprotein, D-dimer, plasma FM, abdominal ultrasound, and Doppler for portal vein were done for all patients groups. Results Group 1was subdivided according to the level of FM into subgroups A and B. FM showed a significant difference between group 1A and other groups; group IB showed nonsignificant elevation of the level of FM and a significant increase in D-dimer compared with the control group. A marked reduction in portal flow mean velocity in group 1A was recorded with further deterioration of portal flow direction after 2 weeks from the admission time. Three months follow-up showed significant reduction of FM, improvement of portal flow mean velocity and direction in group 1A; FM was significantly positively correlated with portal flow mean velocity. Conclusion Hepatic microcirculatory thrombosis may occur in acute-on-chronic hepatic disease; determination of the FM and D-dimer level may be useful biomarkers predicting hepatic microcirculatory thrombosis.