Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reconceiving Risk: Relational Understandings of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis and the Down-Low

This research advances sociological theorizing of risk through examinations of a sexual technology and a sexual practice. The sexual technology is the preventative HIV medication, Truvada for PrEP. The sexual practice is the “down-low” the behavior of men who secretly engage in male-male sex but do not identify as gay. Previous studies of sexual risk examine categories of “at risk” people and rational calculations of risk. My analysis situates risk fully within sexual relationships and the temporal, unfolding process of sex. This perspective illuminates meanings related to risk that emerge from interaction as well as the emotions and uncertainty involved in the experience of risk-taking. Content-analysis of online media articles about Truvada for PrEP (N=214) shows how PrEP is individualized and desexualized with reference to categories of people portrayed as “risky. ” Subsequent interview analyses with White and Black men who engage in sexual relations with men (N=60) reveal disjunctures between categorical representations of PrEP and understandings derived from sexual relations. Respondents’ evaluations of risk are contingent on social comparison to others and perceptions of intimacy in their relationships. Finally, drawing from a subset of interviews (N=36), this relational understanding of risk is applied to the case of the down-low. I argue that, due to their boundary work against an out-gay lifestyle, PrEP may not be viewed as relevant by this population. However, understanding the relational contexts of more intimate partnerships can help reframe PrEP as compatible with down-low sexual practices.
Acceptance And Impact Of Integrated Teaching In Undergraduate Medical Student: An Observational Cross- Sectional Study.

Background & Objective: Among various method of medical education integrated teaching help in integration of basic, clinical and psychosocial sciences. Integrated teaching involves bringing together traditionally separate subjects so that students can grasp subject with more authentic understanding. We conducted the study to compare this scientific method of teaching with traditional learning and also obtained student’s and teachers feedback. Methodology: After approval from ethic committee faculty members from various departments we arranged integrated teaching program on important topic. Basic science faculty were made toparticipate actively in both case based learning and hospital visits along with clinic al experts. The completed program was evaluated based on structured questionnaire and student and teacher feedback. Results: Among 58 students of 8 semester students, Pre test (TL) and post test (IL) mean of incorrect answers out of 10 structured questionnaires were 4.5517 and 2.9310. There was 35.5% improvement in result after integrated method of learning. 63% of faculty members felt that integrated teaching could be very useful. 85% students were enthusiastic about the new teaching methodology& felt that they had a better clinico pathological correlation. Conclusion: The new method of integrated teaching was found to be more effective than the traditional one. This method was well accepted by faculty as well as students. So it is need of today’s medical curriculum. [Kumar S NJIRM 2016; 7(1):93-98]
Homocysteine and cognition: from Galenic dogmatism to genetic relativism

Evaluation of: McMahon JA, Green TJ, Skeaff CM, Knight RG, Mann JI, Williams SM: A controlled trial of homocysteine lowering and cognitive performance. N. Engl. J. Med. 354, 2764–2772 (2006) [1]. To test the hypothesis that lowering plasma homocysteine concentration improves cognition in elderly subjects, a 2-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial has been conducted in 276 healthy participants (>65 years of age) with plasma homocysteine concentrations of at least 13 µmol/l. The subjects were supplemented daily with 1000 µg of folate, 500 µg of vitamin B12 and 10 mg of vitamin B6. Different tests of cognition were conducted at baseline and after 1 and 2 years of treatment. During the course of the study, plasma homocysteine levels were significantly lower in the vitamin group than in the placebo group; however, no significant differences were observed between the vitamin and placebo groups in cognitive performance, demonstrating that homocysteine lowering with vitamin supplementa.
Prevalence of Indigestible Foreign Materials in Small Ruminants Slaughtered At the Kumasi Abattoir of Ghana

An active survey was conducted from March to May, 2015, at the Kumasi Abattoir Company limited (KACL) to determine the prevalence of indigestible foreign materials (IFM) in the fore stomach of slaughtered small ruminants. Small ruminants presented for slaughter were randomly selected, tagged and then identified by sex, species and their body condition scored. After slaughter the stomach was removed carefully from the abdominal cavity and the forestomach incised to examine their contents. The type of foreign bodies found was recorded accordingly. The prevalence of IFM in small ruminants slaughtered at the Kumasi abattoir was 14.88%. Plastics (72.6 %), rope (14.1%), metal wire (8.2%), nails (8.2%), needles and other sharp objects (3.75%) rags (2.2%), sand pebbles (1.5 %) and broken bottles (0.75%) were the IFM identified in the fore stomach of small ruminants. IFM were more prevalent in fat animals (17.88%), followed by thin animals (17.23%) and least in average conditioned animals (7.94%). Environmental pollution with plastics and other indigestible foreign materials could pose serious health problems for extensively reared small ruminants. Plastics used for packing food and other items should be properly disposed off and small ruminants be provided supplementary feeding.
Ingested foreign bodies in children: Do they really pass spontaneously from the gastrointestinal tract? A single-centre experience with 1000 cases.

BACKGROUND Foreign body (FB) ingestion is frequently encountered in all departments that treat children. FB may bring about significant anxiety for parents and physicians. The present study aims to determine the appropriate approach for FB ingestion in children. METHODS The records of 1000 children with a history of FB ingestion between the years 2005 and 2017 were reviewed retrospectively in this study. RESULTS Of 1000 children, 53.8% were male. The most common types of FBs were coins (35%). X-ray was negative in 49% of the patients, and 86% of these patients received no intervention. Of the 504 (51%) X-ray-positive patients, the oesophagus (68%) was the most common location. Life-threatening complications were tracheo-oesophageal fistula (1), Meckel's diverticulum perforation (1), and perforation due to rigid endoscopy (1). CONCLUSION We demonstrated that coins, which are the most commonly ingested FBs, have various types and sizes according to their countries of origin, and this affects spontaneous passage. We found that only 48% (quite low compared to the literature) of the coins passed spontaneously. In asymptomatic patients with a gastric button battery, we suggest a "watchful waiting" approach. The patients should be observed and managed at home. In our study, we found that 85% of the button batteries that reached the stomach passed spontaneously.
A review of male to male commercial sex encounters.

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the scientific literature on male sex workers. The review includes developing a model which can be used to research and explain the factors influencing safe sex outcomes in male-to-male sex work. A review of current research knowledge on the sociodemographic context the sex work context the personal internal mediating context the sex worker/client interaction context and the structure context is presented and suggestions to guide future research on male sex work outlined. (authors)
Newborn Health and the Business Cycle: Is it Good to Be Born in Bad Times?

We study the effect of the cycle on the health of newborn babies using 30 years of birth-certificate data for Spain. We find that babies are born healthier when the local unemployment rate is high. Although fertility is lower during recessions, the effect on health is not the result of selection, since the main result survives the inclusion of parents' fixed-effects. Analysis of National Health Survey data shows that fertility-age women engage in healthier behaviors during recessions (in terms of exercise, sleep, smoking and drinking) and report better overall health. We conclude that maternal health is a plausible mediating channel.
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS OF HEALTH PERSONNEL IN AN EMERGENCY COUNTY HOSPITAL

Clinical staff has a high risk of infection with various blood-borne pathogens. We performed a retrospective study in an emergency county hospital over the period 01/01/2010 - 31/12/2010 to identify the incidence of the accidents by exposure to blood and body fluids (EBA) of the personnel and the characteristics of these exposures. From 1505 employees - medical staff - a number of 58 people said that they had an accident by exposure to body fluids; their highest incidence was registered at the medical specialists. The percutaneous exposure, through puncture or cutting, was presented in 93% cases of the injured ones, 7% of exposures were hepatitis B and C and in 10% of cases occurred with the unknown needle. None of the EBA cases monitored serologically showed viral serological-conversion. Cuvinte cheie: expunere la lichide biologice, s ă n ătatea personalului, expunere ocupaţională Rezumat: Personalul sanitar prezintă un risc important de infectare cu diversi agenţi patogeni transmisi prin sânge. Am realizat un studiu retrospectiv intr-un spital clinic judeţean de urgen ţă in perioada 01.01. 2010-31.12. 2010 pentru a identifica incidenţa accidentelor prin expunere la sânge si lichide biologice (EBA) produse la personalul angajat, precum si caracteristici le acestor expuneri. Din 1505 angajaţi -personal sanitar- un num ăr de 58 de persoane au declarat c ă au avut un accident prin expunere la lichide biologice; cea mai mare incidenţă a acestora s-a inregistrat la medicii specialisti. Expunerea percutană, prin inţepare sau tăiere a fost prezentă la 93% dintre cei accidentaţi, 7% dintre expuneri au fost la virusurile hepatitice B si C, iar in 10% din cazuri inţeparea s-a produs in ac necunoscut. Nici unul din cazurile de EBA supravegheate serologic nu a prezentat seroconversie virală.
Monocyte Arrest and Transmigration on Inflamed Endothelium in Shear Flow Is Inhibited by Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer of IκB-

Mobilization of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activates transcription of genes encoding endothelial adhesion molecules and chemokines that contribute to monocyte infiltration critical in atherogenesis. Inhibition of NF-κB has been achieved by pharmacological and genetic approaches; however, monocyte interactions with activated endothelium in shear flow following gene transfer of the NF-κB inhibitor IκB- have not been studied. We found that overexpression of IκB- in endothelial cells using a recombinant adenovirus prevented tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-)–induced degradation of IκB- and suppressed the upregulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and E-selectin mRNA and surface protein expression and the upregulation of transcripts for the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and growth-related activity- (GRO-) by TNF-. This was associated with a reduction in endothelial MCP-1 secretion and GRO- immobilization. Adhesion assays under physiological shear flow conditions showed that firm arrest, spreading, and transmigration of monocytes on TNF-–activated endothelium was markedly inhibited by IκB- overexpression. Inhibition with monoclonal antibodies and peptide antagonists inferred that this was due to reduced expression of Ig integrin ligand as well as of chemokines specifically involved in these events. In contrast, rolling of monocytes was increased by IκB- transfer and was partly mediated by P-selectin; however, it appeared to be unaffected by the inhibition of E-selectin induction. Thus, our data provide novel evidence that selective modulation of NF-κB by adenoviral transfer of IκB- impairs the expression of multiple endothelial gene products required for subsequent monocyte arrest and emigration in shear flow and thus for monocyte infiltration in atherosclerotic plaques.
Effectiveness of Rota vaccine in prevention of Rotavirus gastroenteritis

Background: Rotavirus gastroenteritis is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children especially during infancy. Rota vaccine plays an important role in prevention of Rotavirus gastroenteritis. Purpose: To determine the role of Rotavirus vaccine in prevention or decrease the prevalence of Rota virus gastroenteritis. Method: The study involved 200 patients who admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis and not vaccinated with Rotavirus vaccine and reared as control. Second group include 100 patients presented with gastroenteritis and vaccinated with Rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix type) and reared as cases. Main results: The rotavirus vaccine decreases the incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis from 36% in control group (not vaccinated) into 22% in vaccinated group (cases). Conclusion: The Rotavirus vaccine plays an important role in prevention the Rotavirus gastroenteritis especially in infancy.
The effects of diabetes mellitus on peri-implant marginal bone loss in the posterior maxilla

Aim: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effects of Diabetes Mellitus on peri-implant marginal alveolar bone loss in sinus lifted well-controlled diabetic patients at long term. Materials and Methods: Thirty eight patients with 77 dental implants were included the study. The study consists of 2 groups; control group (C) and diabetes mellitus group (DM). The dental implants were placed after open window maxillary sinus lifting surgery at maxillary posterior region. After conventional loading process patients were followed periodically for bone loss and clinical parameters. The peri-implant marginal bone loss was assessed at minimum 3 years after functional loading. Standardized panoramic radiographs were obtained at the baseline and maintenance which were used for evaluating the marginal bone loss and clinical and anatomical crown to implant ratio. The Student-t test and Mann Whitney-U test were used to analyse any significant differences between two groups (p<0.05). The Kruskal Wallis test was used for inter-group comparisons of parameters and Chisquare test, Fisher’s Exact Chi-square test and Continuity (Yates) correction were used to compare qualitative data. Spearman’s rho correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between parameters with non-normal distribution. Results: A total of 77 dental implants were followed up for at least 36 months. The mean follow-up was 43.47±10.30 months. 2 implants were failed in DM group. The mean marginal bone loss in DM and C group were 1.35±1.22 mm and 0.91±1 mm respectively. There was no statistically significance in terms of marginal bone loss between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it was shown that long-term follow-up results of dental implants in well-controlled diabetic patients were similar to those of healthy individuals and DM did not increase the peri-implant marginal bone loss.
Maintenance chemotherapy is effective in patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy

Abstract Background Platinum-based chemotherapy (PBCT) has gained an important position as a first-line treatment for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC). We assessed whether maintenance chemotherapy is superior to observation after first-line PBCT in patients with mTNB. Methods A total of 265 patients with mTNBC who exhibited disease control after 4-6 cycles of first-line PBCT at the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from January 2008 to November 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. 107 patients who continued without additional treatment were defined as the control observation group, and the remaining 158 patients who continued to receive maintenance therapy were defined as the maintenance treatment group. Results The median progression-free survival (PFS) time in the maintenance group was 9.63 months, which was significantly longer than the PFS time of 7.47 months in the observation group (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.37-0.67, P Conclusions After achieving disease control with first-line PBCT in mTNBC patients, single-drug maintenance chemotherapy is recommended. Legal entity responsible for the study Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. Funding Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission Guidance Project, China (contract no. 18411967800); Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning (grant no. 201640069); Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (grant no. 17ZR1405700); and research grant from Shanghai Hospital Development Center (grant no. SHDC12018X03). Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
NURSING STUDENTS' SPIRITUAL WELL-BEING AND THEIR PERSPECTIVES TOWARDS SPIRITUALITY AND SPIRITUAL CARE PERSPECTIVES

In Holistic Nursing, human being is a complex multidimensional creature. Spiritual dimension is the most prominent aspect of human being, which affects individuals' health. Therefore, it seems that providing spiritual focused-care is an important domain of nursing performance. The purpose of this study was to determine and to compare, the perspectives of the first and fourth year baccalaureate nursing student regarding spiritual well being and spirtual care. The design was a comparative study, and the data collection instruments, were Spiritual Well-Being (SWB), Spiritual Perspective Scale (SPS) and Nursing Spiritual Care Perspective Scale (NSCPS). From 350 students of first and fourth year of Nursing Schools of Iran, Tehran and Shahidbeheshti universities, 283 students participated in the study. The results showed that, there were not any significant differences between the two groups considering their spiritual well-being. In other words, 98.8% of the first year and 100% of the fourth year students were in the group of moderate spiritual well-being. Besides, the mean and standard deviation of spiritual scores were 4.45 (0.65) and 4.33 (0.76) for the first and fourth year students respectively, which was not statistically significant. Although fourth year students had been involved in a 4-year nursing education curriculla, their scores of spirituality were the same as the first year students. So, the researchers strongly suggest that the revisions of the curriculum may be necessary in a way to investigate the spiritual aspect of life with nursing education programs. Further studies need to be undertaken to gain more insights into longitudinal investigations and the use of new tools as data collection instruments, especially suitable to Iranian Culture. Other studies is recommended to evaluate the effect of education on spiritual development in students.
Cutaneous manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective study from Egypt

BACKGROUND: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune process in which cutaneous lesions occur in the majority of patients. The skin lesions can provide valuable diagnostic and prognostic information. These lesions may be specific (LE specific) or may be non specific (LE non specific). AIM: This study was conducted to determine the pattern and prevalence of skin lesions in SLE in Egyptian patients. RESULT: Lupus specific cutaneous lesions were as follows: malar skin rash was seen in 142 patients (76.76%) ,photosensitivity in 83 patients (44.86%), generalized maculopapular rash in 50 patients (27.03%), discoid rash in 42 patients (22.70%), subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) in 7 patients (3.78%), lupus profundus in 5 patients (2.70%). The lupus non-specific lesions were as follows: cutaneous vasculitis in 70 patients (37.84%), diffuse non-scarring alopecia in 61 patients (32.97%), oral ulcers in 58 patients (31.35%), micro infarcts in 22 patients (11.90%), palmar erythema in 39 patients (21.08%), chronic ulcers in 9 patients (4.86%), urticaria in 7 patients (3.87%), livedo reticularis in 7 patients (3.78%), peripheral gangrene in 5 patients (2.70%), thrombophelibitis and Raynaud's phenomenon in 4 patients each (2.16%). Patients having lupus-specific skin lesions e.g., malar rash were associated with systemic involvement, whereas those having lupus non-specific skin lesions were associated with disease flare. Anti ANA and anti dsDNA were positive in 94.59 % and 71.89% patients respectively.
Validation of a Proposed Scoring System to Identify Patients With Microscopic Colitis Prior to Colonoscopy: 1309

Introduction: To validate a proposed scoring system that was recently developed to identify patients with microscopic colitis (MC) prior to endoscopy.1 Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of colonoscopies performed at our academic center between May 2012 to May 2015 for patients between the ages of 18 and 90 for the indication of “chronic diarrhea”. Patients with known IBD, celiac disease, or infectious diarrhea were excluded. We extracted data regarding previously proposed risk factors for MC. Risk factors were weighted according to the proposed scoring system1 including female gender (+4), age ≥50 (+13), use of PPIs (+6), use of NSAIDs (+11), presence of weight loss (+4), and presence of abdominal pain (-8) with scores ranging from -8 to +38. Independent sample t-tests and receiver operating curve analyses were performed using SPSS to determine the diagnostic accuracy of this scoring system. Results: In our validation cohort of 119 patients, 36 patients were diagnosed with MC (47% lymphocytic colitis; 53% collagenous colitis) on the basis of histologic analysis and 83 patients were identifi ed as having a macroscopically normal colonoscopy with no evidence of microscopic colitis on random colonic biopsies. Age (p=0.003), NSAID use (p=0.038), and absence of abdominal pain (p=0.040) were signifi cantly associated with the diagnosis of MC. Using the proposed scoring system1 with a cut-off value greater than or equal to 4, patients with MC were identifi ed with 89% sensitivity and 40% specifi city [area under receiver operating curve (AUC) = 0.69]. Conclusion: We found comparable performance of the proposed MC scoring system1 in our population of patients undergoing colonoscopy for the indication of chronic diarrhea at a North American academic medical center. Th is fi nding supports the utility of the scoring system to identify patients at low risk for MC prior to colonoscopy who may not require mucosal biopsy. (1) Kane JS, Rotimi O, Everett SM, Samji S, Michelotti F, Ford AC. Development and validation of a scoring system to identify patients with microscopic colitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Jun;13(6):1125-31.