Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The La Silla-QUEST Low Redshift Supernova Survey

The La Silla-QUEST Low Redshift Supernova Survey is a part of the La Silla-QUEST Southern Hemisphere Variability Survey. The survey uses the 10 deg2 QUEST camera installed at the prime focus of the 1.0-m Schmidt Telescope of the European Southern Observatory at La Silla, Chile, and utilizes essentially all of the observing time of the telescope. The QUEST camera was installed on the ESO Schmidt telescope in 2009 after completing a 5 year variability survey in the northern hemisphere using the 1.2-m Oschin Schmidt telescope at Palomar. La Silla-QUEST started science operations in 2009 September. The low redshift supernova survey commenced in 2011 December and is planned to continue for the next 4 years. In this article we describe the instrumentation, software, operation, and performance characteristics of the survey.
Clinical Characteristics of Autoimmune Hepatitis in a Middle Eastern Population: A Tertiary Care Center Experience

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an immune-mediated inflammatory liver disease of uncertain cause, and its manifestations appear to vary by race and ethnicity. The literature on AIH in the Middle East, including Jordan, is scarce; therefore, this study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of AIH in an understudied population. This retrospective chart review study was conducted on AIH patients who presented to Jordan University Hospital over a seven-year period (2014–2020). Retrieved data included sociodemographics, liver function tests, autoimmune serologic markers, viral hepatitis serology, findings on liver biopsies, treatment regimens, post-therapy outcomes and treatment-related complications. The total number of AIH patients included in the study was 30, divided as follows: type 1 AIH (n = 17, 56.7%), type 2 AIH (n = 2, 6.7%), seronegative AIH (n = 9, 30.0%), and two patients who had AIH-primary biliary cirrhosis overlap syndrome (6.7%). The mean age at diagnosis was 44 years (standard deviation: 17 years), with a female predominance (n = 25, 83.3%). Acute presentation was seen among 18 patients (60.0%). Mild to moderate fibrosis (F1 and F2 on METAVIR scoring system) without cirrhosis was observed among patients who underwent liver biopsies (10/19, 52.6%). The majority of patients (73.3%) were initially treated with prednisone, with azathioprine combination in 16.7% of the patients. At 6 months post initial treatment, twenty patients (66.7%) achieved biochemical remission, four patients had incomplete response, two patients failed to improve (one died during the induction of remission period due to AIH-related complications), and four patients were lost to follow-up. This study provided an updated overview of AIH in Jordan. The results showed typical female predominance, and interestingly high rates of acute presentation and seronegative disease. Future longitudinal studies are recommended to address the nature and long-term prognosis of AIH in Jordan.
The University of Bern Atmospheric Ion Model: Time‐dependent modeling of the ions in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere

In this paper the first time-dependent model of ion chemistry in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT) region acting within a global, time-dependent, two-dimensional neutral atmosphere model is described. Selected diurnal results are presented for undisturbed solar minimum conditions. The University of Bern Atmospheric Ion Model (UBAIM) is a time-dependent, pseudo-two-dimensional model of the ion chemistry in the Earth atmosphere. It covers latitudes from 85°S to 85°N and (log-pressure) altitudes from 20 to 120 km. On this grid a system of differential equations describing the ion chemistry is integrated numerically until a periodical solution, governed by the diurnal changes in the incident radiation, is reached; this solution constitutes a model for quiet or undisturbed conditions. The basic ion chemistry of the UBAIM contains 311 reactions for 71 charged species. Ionization sources are solar X-ray and EUV radiation, resonantly scattered Lyman α and β photons, and galactic cosmic rays. Densities of main and trace neutral atmospheric constituents are taken from a new version of the bidimensional NCAR model SOCRATES, which has been specifically optimized for mesospheric and lower thermospheric processes with upper boundary conditions set using the empirical MSIS thermosphere model. Direct solar flux inputs are computed by the SOLAR2000 model; scattered Lyman α and β fluxes are calculated using geocoronal hydrogen density profiles consistent with the adopted MSIS density distributions.
On global asymptotic stability of systems of Liénard type

We give new necessary and sufficient conditions under which the zero solution of Lienard-type systems is globally asymptotically stable. To this end, we examine (i) whether all trajectories intersect the vertical isocline or not and (ii) whether all trajectories tend to the origin or not. We also apply our results to a pseudolinear system.
FAMOUS: a prototype silicon-photomultiplier telescope for the fluorescence detection of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays

A sophisticated technique to study ultra-high-energy cosmic rays is to measure the extensive air showers they cause in the atmosphere. Upon impact on the atmosphere, the cosmic rays generate a cascade of secondary particles, forming the air shower. The shower particles excite the atmospheric nitrogen molecules, which emit fluorescence light in the near ultraviolet regime when de-exciting. Observation of the fluorescence light with suitable optical telescopes allows a reconstruction of the energy and arrival direction of the initial particle. Due to their high photon detection efficiency, silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) promise to improve current photomultipliertube- based fluorescence telescopes. We present the design and a full detector simulation of an SiPM-based fluorescence telescope prototype, together with the expected telescope performance, and our first construction steps. The simulation includes the air showers, the propagation of the fluorescence light through the atmosphere and its detection by our refracting telescope. We have also developed a phenomenological SiPM model based on measurements in our laboratories, simulating the electrical response. This model contains the photon detection efficiency, its dependence on the incidence angle of light and the effects of thermal and correlated noise. We have made a full performance analysis for the detection of air showers including the environmental background light. Moreover, we will present the RandD in compact modular electronics using photon counting techniques for the telescope readout.
The effect of mathematics communication ability on students' learning achievement in year five

This study aims to determine the effect of mathematics communication skills on student achievement in grade V Public Elementary School 08 and 10 District Gantung. This study uses a quantitative research approach with ex-post facto research. The population in this study were 58 students of class V Public Elementary School 08 and 10 District Gantung, with a sample of 45 people. Mathematics communication skills (Variable X) and mathematics learning achievement were the variables investigated (Variable Y). This study's data collection method employs tests that have been validated and proven to be reliable. The SPSS version 21 program is used for hypothesis testing, which employs simple linear regression analysis and Pearson correlation. The study's results, obtained using a simple linear regression test and a Pearson correlation test, show that mathematics communication ability has a significant effect on students' mathematics learning achievement, as indicated by a sig less than 0.005, which is equal to 0.000 with the simple linear regression equation Y = - 2,219 + 0,980. Pearson Correlation is obtained for 0.0802, indicating that the pearson correlation is strongly correlated when viewed through the guidelines for the degree of relationship. Based on this, it is possible to conclude that mathematics communication skills have a strong correlation with students' mathematics learning achievement.
MRI‐based degeneration grades for lumbar facet joints do not correlate with cartilage mechanics

Lumbar facet joint arthritis is characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage, loss of joint spacing, and increased boney spur formation. These signs of facet joint degeneration have been previously measured using destructive biochemical and mechanical analysis. Nondestructive clinical evaluation of the facet joint has also been performed using MRI scoring, which ranks the health of the facet joint using the Fujiwara scale. However, nondestructive clinical evaluation of facet joint arthritis using standard MRI scoring provides low resolution images which result in high interobserver variability. Therefore, to assess the accuracy of nondestructive MRI analysis with regard to the health of the facet joint, this study determined whether any correlations existed between lumbar facet joint articular cartilage mechanics, facet articular cartilage biochemical signatures, and Fujiwara scores.
Tracking and Erosion of Polydimethlysiloxane With Different Molecular Weight for Outdoor Insulation

In this article, the degradation mechanisms of unfilled polydimethylsiloxane with different molecular weights are investigated under dry-band arcing using the inclined plane tracking and erosion test and material characterization techniques. Tracks of carbonaceous residue formed as byproducts of radical-based crosslinking are prevalent over erosion as the molecular weight increases. Erosion becomes dominant with polydimethylsiloxane that undergoes mainly depolymerization during degradation at lower molecular weights. Accordingly, tracking due to a progressive carbonaceous residue formed on the surface is the degradation pattern observed under the dry-band arcing for the polydimethylsiloxane with higher molecular weights (45 000 and 28 000 g/mol) during the inclined plane test (IPT), whereas erosion due to depolymerization is more evident on the polydimethylsiloxane surfaces with lower molecular weights (17 200 and 9400 g/mol). This study highlights the possibility to tune the tracking and erosion tendency of silicone rubber outdoor insulation by controlling the molecular weight of the organosiloxane base, without the sole reliance on fillers as commonly perceived.
Model for the spread of non-persistent virus diseases

This study considers the buildup of virus infection within a crop area. The virus is transmitted by aphid vectors which acquire virus from source plants and inoculate the sensitive crop. The model relates the increase of infection to the behaviour of incoming vectors and of vectors moving from plant to plant within the crop area. The model is implemented using some data available on spread of cucumber mosaic virus in a pepper plot in Israel. The effect of control means is considered.
The arithmetical character of the Wishart distribution

Let ξ and η be two independent and normal random variables, with zero means and with standard deviations each equal to ½ Put The joint distribution of X, Y, Z is a particular case of the Wishart distribution (1). It may be defined by the generating function of its cumulants (c.g.f.)
Morphology and Structure of Aluminum Nitride Thin Films on Glass Substrates

Aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films are deposited on Corning 7059 glass at low substrate temperature by reactive RF magnetron sputtering. The structural and morphological characterizations are found to be sensitive to deposition conditions such as sputtering pressure, RF power, substrate temperature and N2 concentration. A highly oriented AlN (002) plane parallel to the substrate surface is identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement and a dense pebble-like surface texture is observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cross-sectional SEM micrograph shows that well-aligned columnar structures with preferred orientation along the c-axis exist in the AlN thin film. However, a selected-area diffraction (SAD) pattern shows that some other planes exist in the deposited film, though only a hexagonal AlN (002) plane is obtained by XRD.
Globular Clusters in the Fornax Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy

In the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy, globular clusters preserve their diffuse spatial distribution despite the fact that the clusters' orbital decay timescale is much shorter than the estimated age of the host galaxy. We propose that this paradox may be resolved if (1) Fornax contains black holes with a sizeable fraction of the mass of these clusters or if (2) it is currently undergoing tidal disruption. For the black hole scenario, a centrally peaked velocity-dispersion distribution is anticipated but has not been observationally confirmed. The second scenario requires Fornax to have lost a significant fraction of its original mass. The second scenario is possible if the mass of the Galactic dark matter is ~1012 M☉ out to the present distance of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy or if Fornax is near its apogalacticon and has an orbit similar to that of the Large Magellanic Cloud. The inferred proper motion, ≲0. ″16 century-1, for Fornax and the anticipated stream of tidally stripped stars outside its tidal radius may be used to test this scenario.
Ascospore Infection and Colletotrichum Species Causing Glomerella Leaf Spot of Apple in Uruguay

Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) caused by Colletotrichum spp. is a destructive disease of apple restricted to a few regions worldwide. The distribution and evolution of GLS symptoms were observed for two years in Uruguay. The recurrent ascopore production on leaves and the widespread randomized distribution of symptoms throughout trees and orchard, suggest that ascospores play an important role in the disease dispersion. The ability of ascospores to produce typical GLS symptom was demonstrated by artificial inoculation. Colletotrichum strains causing GLS did not result in rot development, despite remaining alive in fruit lesions. Based on phylogenetic analysis of actin, β-tubulin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene regions of 46 isolates, 25 from fruits and 21 from leaves, C. karstii was identified for the first time causing GLS in Uruguay and C. fructicola was found to be the most frequent (89%) and aggressive species. The higher aggressiveness of C. fructicola and its ability on to produce abundant fertile perithecia could help to explain the predominance of this species in the field.
Homogenization of Random Fractional Obstacle Problems via Γ-Convergence

Γ-convergence methods are used to prove homogenization results for fractional obstacle problems in periodically perforated domains. The obstacles have random sizes and shapes and their capacity scales according to a stationary ergodic process. We use a trace-like representation of fractional Sobolev norms in terms of weighted Sobolev energies established in [9], a weighted ergodic theorem and a joining lemma in varying domains following the approach by [2]. Our proof is alternative to those contained in [7, 8].
Gyroresonant interactions of radiation belt particles with a monochromatic electromagnetic wave

The interaction of magnetized, relativistic test particles with a monochromatic electromagnetic wave is analyzed, taking into account the passage through cyclotron resonance in the spatially varying background magnetic field in slab geometry. A resonance-averaged Hamiltonian is used to delineate two distinct regimes. In both cases, termed “adiabatic” and “nonadiabatic,” the first adiabatic invariant of the particle is broken during a resonant interaction, leading to change in energy and pitch angle. The adiabatic case is characterized by a limited range of resonant phase and a well-defined value of the change of the invariant. In the nonadiabatic case the phase at resonance ranges over 0 to 2π, and only the magnitude of the change of the invariant is determined; a phase factor gives the invariant change an effectively random sign. The appropriate regime is determined by a ratio of timescales which, in turn, depends on the particle and wave properties: adiabaticity is favored by large wave amplitudes and small parallel gradients of the geomagnetic field Bo. The long-term consequences of the two regimes are explored with a Monte Carlo simulation in the form of an iterated mapping. In a particular example, while some particles pitch angle scatter into the loss cone, energy is also removed from the distribution by particles in the adiabatic regime decaying in energy owing to repeated resonant interactions with the wave. Important potential magnetospheric applications include flux levels in the inner radiation belts, observations of “pancake” pitch angle distributions, and energization of storm time “killer” electrons.
Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs from Cuiabá, Mato Grosso.

Gastrointestinal parasitism by helminths and protozoa poses risks to animal and human health owing to clinical changes and transmission of potentially zoonotic agents. Thus, the present study aimed to verify the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs from the municipality of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil, using coproparasitological tests. From June 2021 to April 2022, faecal samples were collected from domestic dogs at the Veterinary Hospital and Animal Protection Shelters in the Cuiabá municipality. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to the owners and those responsible for the shelters to analyse the factors associated with gastrointestinal parasitism. A total of 353 faecal samples were collected and subjected to parasitological flotation and sedimentation techniques. Data were analysed using the chi-squared test and exploratory factorial analysis. The occurrence of gastrointestinal parasitism was 22.66% and the parasites found alone or in mixed infections were Ancylostoma spp. , Trichuris vulpis, Toxocara spp. , Dipylidium caninum, Cystoisospora spp. , Giardia duodenalis, and coccidia. It was concluded that the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs is frequent, and the variables associated with these infections were source origin, breed, age, coexistence with other animals, and dull fur.
Boundary conditions in the vicinity of the contact line at a vertically oscillating upright plate: an experimental investigation

To determine a suitable boundary-condition model for the contact line in oscillatory flow, an upright plate, oscillated vertically with sinusoidal motion in dye-laden water with an air interface, is considered experimentally. Constrained by the desirability of a two-dimensional flow field, eight frequencies in the 1–20 Hz range, each with seven different stroke amplitudes (0.5–6 mm) are chosen. The Reynolds number varies from 1.6 to 1878.3 in the experiments, large relative to the Reynolds number in the conventional uni-directional contact-line experiments (e.g. Dussan V.'s 1974 experiments). To facilitate prediction, a high-speed video system is used to record the plate displacement, the contact-line displacement, and the dynamic behaviour of the contact angle. Several interesting contact-line phenomena are shown in the present results. An expression for λ, the dimensionless capillary coefficient, is formulated such that the dynamic behaviour at the contact line is predicted reasonably well. A particle-tracking-velocimetry (PTV) technique is used to detect particle trajectories near the plate such that the boundary condition along the entire plate can be modelled. Two sets of PTV experiments are conducted. One set is for stick contact-line motion, the other set is for stick–slip contact-line motion. The results from the PTV experiments show that a vortex is formed near the meniscus in the stick-slip contact-line experiments; however, in the stick contact-line experiments, no such vortex is present. Using the present experimental results, a model is developed for the boundary condition along the vertically oscillating vertical plate. In this model, slip occurs within a specific distance from the contact line while the flow obeys the no-slip condition outside this slip region. Also, the mean slip length is determined for each experimental stroke amplitude.
Digital Health Behavioural Interventions to Support Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in Adults after Stroke: A Systematic Literature Review with Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials

Background: As the global prevalence of stroke continues to rise, it becomes increasingly pressing to investigate digital health behaviour change interventions that promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour for stroke patients to support active lifestyles. Purpose: The primary aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of digital health interventions in promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviour for stroke patients. The secondary aim is to investigate the intervention components that explain intervention effectiveness to further inform intervention development and policy making. Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted in four databases (Scopus, MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, and PsychINFO) to identify the most robust evidence in the form of randomised controlled trials of digital interventions for patients with stroke. A random-effects meta-analysis were utilized to quantify the intervention effects on behaviour change, and subgroup analyses to characterise intervention effective components. Results: In total, 16 RCTs were deemed eligible and included in the systematic review. Meta-analyses suggested significant improvements in physical activity (SMD = 0.39, 95% CI 0.17, 0.61, N = 326, p < 0.001, I2 = 0%), and reductions in time of sedentary behaviour (SMD= −0.45, 95% CI −0.76, -0.14, N = 167, p = 0.00, I2 = 0%) after stroke. The 10 m walk test for physical activity, and the timed up and go test for sedentary behaviour, were the objective outcome measures in the most effective behavioural change interventions. Subgroup analyses found that most effective interventions were underpinned by theories of self-regulation and utilised interactive functions to engage patients with the processes of behaviour change. Conclusions: Digital self-monitoring behavioural interventions are effective in promoting physical activity for stroke patients in adjunct to usual care clinical practice and rehabilitation programmes. Rigorous studies are required to provide evidence to disentangle the most effective intervention components for preventative practices and rehabilitation programs and to inform policymaking for stroke treatment.