Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of growth and broadband FMR spectroscopy in PLD grown Y3Fe5O12/Gd3Ga5O12 thin films

We report the structural and magnetization dynamics of pulsed laser ablated Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) thin films grown on gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG[110]) substrate. The co-planar waveguide ferromagnetic resonance measurement was performed to study the thickness and inhomogeneity effect on damping constant. We also estimated the effective demagnetization ( 4πMeff ) value which was lower than that of single-crystalline bulk YIG. A detailed line width analysis revealed the significant two-magnon scattering and inhomogeneity contribution to damping which varied for different thickness films. The Gilbert damping constant (α) of the grown film was found to be lowest in the case of 100 nm film (≈3 × 10−4), and the corresponding inhomogeneous broadening (ΔH O) was recorded to be 77 Oe. Further angular measurements on 100 nm thin film revealed the presence of strong uniaxial magnetic anisotropy field of 735 Oe at 10 GHz RF frequency.
Teacher attitudes towards and awareness of adolescent gambling behavior in the UK

ABSTRACT Numbers of adolescents experiencing gambling related harm are increasing. Teachers spend a significant amount of time with students and their attitudes can make an impact on engagement in high-risk behavior. However, teachers’ awareness of, and attitudes towards adolescent gambling are under-researched; this study aimed to address this gap. 157 UK schoolteachers completed an online survey assessing their perceptions of adolescent gambling. Cochran’s-Q tests of association and regression analyses revealed that teachers perceived adolescent gambling as significantly less serious than other high-risk behaviors. Teachers also reported having significantly less frequent conversations about gambling and were less confident addressing gambling issues than other high-risk behaviors. Arguments are made for increased teacher training around problematic youth gambling. Such a strategy would be a prerequisite for the development and implementation of targeted prevention from harms.
Rotavirus Strain Trends in United States, 2009–2016: Results from the National Rotavirus Strain Surveillance System (NRSSS)

Before the introduction of vaccines, group A rotaviruses (RVA) were the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. The National Rotavirus Strain Surveillance System (NRSSS) was established in 1996 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to perform passive RVA surveillance in the USA. We report the distribution of RVA genotypes collected through NRSSS during the 2009–2016 RVA seasons and retrospectively examine the genotypes detected through the NRSSS since 1996. During the 2009–2016 RVA seasons, 2134 RVA-positive fecal specimens were sent to the CDC for analysis of the VP7 and VP4 genes by RT-PCR genotyping assays and sequencing. During 2009–2011, RVA genotype G3P[8] dominated, while G12P[8] was the dominant genotype during 2012–2016. Vaccine strains were detected in 1.7% of specimens and uncommon/unusual strains, including equine-like G3P[8] strains, were found in 1.9%. Phylogenetic analyses showed limited VP7 and VP4 sequence variation within the common genotypes with 1–3 alleles/lineages identified per genotype. A review of 20 years of NRSSS surveillance showed two changes in genotype dominance, from G1P[8] to G3P[8] and then G3P[8] to G12P[8]. A better understanding of the long-term effects of vaccine use on epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of circulating RVA strains requires continued surveillance.
Comprehensive Analysis of Capacitor Voltage Fluctuation and Capacitance Design for Submodules in Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converter With Boosted Modulation Index

Hybrid modular multilevel converter (MMC) with half-bridge sub-modules (HBSMs) and full-bridge SMs (FBSMs) is considered as a promising topology for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) system to deal with dc fault due to its negative output from FBSMs. In addition, the negative output from FBSMs can increase modulation index at steady state. With boosted modulation index, ac voltage can be enhanced and remains unchanged under decreased dc voltage. However, the characteristics of SM capacitor voltage fluctuation for such a hybrid MMC are different from that in traditional MMC since the impacts of FBSMs and HBSMs should be compromised. Then, the SM capacitance design should adapt to the working condition. In this paper, the charging and discharging processes of capacitor in HBSMs and FBSMs are physically analyzed in detail with the piecewise analysis method. Then, the characteristics of capacitor voltage fluctuation in HBSMs and FBSMs are portrayed. Based on the characteristics, the runnable region for hybrid MMC is demonstrated, and the principles to obtain the maximum energy variation in both kinds of SMs are deduced. Furthermore, the quantitative design method of the SM capacitance is brought out. Experiments are implemented to verify the feasibility and validity of the proposed analysis and design method.
Oak (Quercus aegilops L.) Root Bark Tannins Astringency, Antioxidant Potential, and Use as Functional Tea

Tannins from the root bark of Quercus aegilops L. were extracted in two successive seasons and their astringency score and antioxidant potential were evaluated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) radial diffusion and 2,2- Diphenyl – 1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay methods respectively. The results revealed that the root bark of this oak species contained on average 11.39 %( w/w) tannins as gallic acid, of which about 79% are hydrolyzable ( HT) and 21% condensed (CT) tannins with the former composed mainly of ellagitannins and much fewer gallotannins and free gallic acid. The results also revealed that the crude root bark powder and its purified tannins have astringency scores of 15.8 and 138.98 mg BSA/g respectively. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by DPPH assay and expressed as inhibition capacity (IC50) was 149.7 ppm and 19.24 ppm for the crude bark powder and its purified tannins respectively indicating the superior antioxidant potential of these tannins to that of ascorbic acid. The highly-antioxidant functional tea prepared from these tannins was clear and acceptable to tasters.
Experimental Investigation of Lift, Drag, and Pitching Moment of Five Annular Airfoils

From Summary: "An investigation was carried out in the Langley stability tunnel to determine the lift, drag, and pitching-moment characteristics of a family of annular airfoils. The five annular airfoils had equal projected areas but had varying chords and diameters which covered aspect ratios of 1/3, 2/3, 1.0, 1.5, and 3.0. The results showed that the effects of aspect ratio on the aerodynamic-center location were similar for annular and unswept airfoils and that annular airfoils had larger maximum lift-drag ratios below an aspect ratio of 2.4 than did plane rectangular airfoils with faired tips. "
Hybrid Learning Model: Its Impact on Mastery of Concepts and Self-Regulation in Newton's Second Law Material

This study examines the impact of the Hybrid Learning Model on concept mastery and self-regulation. The research method uses a 2x3 factorial design. After that, data collection used multiple-choice tests for concept mastery and questionnaires for self-regulation. Data analysis using two-way ANOVA with SPSS software. The study results indicate that there is an effect of mastery of concepts using Hybrid Learning and without Hybrid Learning, where the Hybrid Learning model is better than non-Hybrid learning. With students' concept mastery in Newton's Law II material, self-regulation ability is in line and mutually reinforcing. The high concept mastery ability is better than students in the medium and low self-regulation categories. The concept mastery ability in the medium concept mastery category is better than low self-regulation students in the medium concept mastery category. The results also show an influence between the Hybrid learning model and students' self-regulation abilities in the high, medium, and low categories on the ability to understand concepts.
Impact of Modern Male Circumcision on STI/HIV in Samia Sub County, Kenya

Purpose: The study aimed at investigating the impact of Modern Male Circumcision (MMC) on STI/HIV in Samia Sub-County, Kenya. As at 2015-2019 the uptake of male circumcision in Samia Sub County was 52% which was below 80% recommended by WHO. Methodology: The study design was a cross sectional descriptive study. Sample size was 385 respondents. Stratified sampling was used to select households while purposive sampling procedure was used to select men. Questionnaire was used to collect data. Data gathered was edited, analysed using SPSS version 25.0 at p value of 0.05 considered statistically significant. Ethical consideration was observed during the entire process of the study. Results: Majority of the respondents 72 (20%) were in the age bracket of (18-26) years. 45% had attained primary level education. Further, 60% of respondents reported that Male circumcision reduced STI/HIV transmission by 60% at 0.001. However, they were hindered to seek male circumcision services due to long distance to the health facility at (45%). 50% believed that women health professionals were not allowed to touch men’s penis. Conclusion: Provision of MMC services is a concern, it reduced STI/HIV transmission by 60% among men in Samia Sub County community. However, as regards distance to some healthy facility to access MMC services still it was an obstacle to men. Moreover, Female health providers still posed hindrance to up take of MMC services because from the study, it was noted from Samia Sub-County that it is a taboo for women to touch men’s penis. Recommendation: Despite some impediment of distance and culture towards MMC, the MOH need to strengthen the uptake of male circumcision in order to reduce the magnitude of STI/HIV in Samia Sub-County.
Feature scaling and attention convolutions for extreme precipitation prediction

This work presents an in-depth exploration of the use of deep neural networks for the prediction of short-term severe precipitations. Notably, we are interested in the eﬃcacy of attention-based network topologies for forecasting, speciﬁ-cally convolution vs. transformer approaches for forecasting, and the scaling methodologies for weather characteristics. As a consequence of our investigations, we have determined that feature scaling is crucial in the context of severe precipitation prediction. Attention-models with robust scalers outperform models with conventional scalers or models with raw inputs by a signiﬁcant margin. An additional attention-augmented convolutional model, referred to as convolutional self-attention, surpasses the standard convolutional model by a wide margin.
Functional Relationship between Inhibitory Control, Cognitive Flexibility, Psychomotor Speed and Obesity

In the last decades, it has been proposed that executive functions may be particularly vulnerable to weight-related issues. However, evidence on the matter is mixed, especially when the effects of sociodemographic variables are weighted. Thus, the current study aimed at further examining the relationship between executive functions and obesity. To this aim, we compared treatment-seeking overweight, obese, and morbidly obese patients with normal-weight control participants. We examined general executive functioning (Frontal Assessment Battery–15) and different executive subdomains (e.g., inhibitory control, verbal fluency, and psychomotor speed) in a clinical sample including 208 outpatients with different degrees of BMI (52 overweight, BMI 25–30, M age = 34.38; 76 obese, BMI 30–40, M age = 38.00; 80 morbidly obese, BMI > 40, M age = 36.20). Ninety-six normal-weight subjects served as controls. No difference on executive scores was detected when obese patients were compared with over- or normal-weight subjects. Morbidly obese patients reported lower performance on executive scores than obese, overweight, and normal-weight subjects. Between-group difference emerged also when relevant covariates were taken into account. Our results support the view that morbid obesity is associated with lower executive performance, also considering the critical role exerted by sociodemographic (i.e., sex, age, and education) variables. Our results support the view that executive functioning should be accounted into the management of the obese patient because of non-negligible clinical relevance in diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic terms.
Assessing and Validating the Ability of Machine Learning to Handle Unrefined Particle Air Pollution Mobile Monitoring Data Randomly, Spatially, and Spatiotemporally

Many epidemiological studies have evaluated the accuracy of machine learning models in predicting levels of particulate number (PN) and black carbon (BC) pollutant concentrations. However, few studies have investigated the ability of machine learning to predict the pollutant concentration with using unrefined mobile measurement data and explore the reliability of the prediction models. Additionally, researchers are moving away from using fixed-site data in favor of using mobile monitoring data in a variety of locations to develop hourly empirical models of particulate air pollution. This study compared the differences between long-term (daily average) and short-term (hourly average and 1 s unrefined data) model performance in three different classes of cross validation: randomly, spatially, and spatially temporally. This study used secondary data describing BC and PN pollutant levels in the rural location of Blacksburg (VA). Our results show that the model based on unrefined data was able to detect the pollutant hot spot areas with similar accuracy compared to the aggregated model. Moreover, the performance was found to improve when temporal data added to the model: the 10-fold MAE for the BC and PN were 0.44 μg/m3 and 3391 pt/cm3, respectively, for the unrefined data (one second data) model. The findings detailed here will add to the literature on the correlation between data (pre)processing and the efficacy of machine learning models in predicting pollution levels while also enhancing our understanding of more reliable validation strategies.
Stress analysis of the application of the diamond plate on the quad-joint connection: A case study on the flat plate hull of ships

Abstract The hull structure is a vital part of a ship that supports internal and external loads. Failure that often occurs in the hull structure is due to maximum stress at the meeting point of the hull plate arrangement. The purpose of this study is to analyse and optimize a certain design of the connection plate at the meeting point of the hull plate arrangement to reduce maximum stress. A diamond plate innovation was applied, which is a plate with a diamond shape that aims to reduce the maximum stress at a certain angle. The method of this study is finite element analysis modelling supported by metallographic data. As a comparison analysis, two external loading conditions were carried out, i.e., hogging and sagging conditions; furthermore, the variations of the diamond plate were also carried out to obtain the optimum dimensions. The results of this study show that the plate arrangement using a diamond plate can reduce the maximum stress under hogging and sagging conditions, reaching 37.2% and 33.1%, respectively.
A Spatial–Temporal Causal Convolution Network Framework for Accurate and Fine-Grained PM2.5 Concentration Prediction

Accurate and fine-grained prediction of PM2.5 concentration is of great significance for air quality control and human physical and mental health. Traditional approaches, such as time series, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) or graph convolutional networks (GCNs), cannot effectively integrate spatial–temporal and meteorological factors and manage dynamic edge relationships among scattered monitoring stations. In this paper, a spatial–temporal causal convolution network framework, ST-CCN-PM2.5, is proposed. Both the spatial effects of multi-source air pollutants and meteorological factors are considered via spatial attention mechanism. Time-dependent features in causal convolution networks are extracted by stacked dilated convolution and time attention. All the hyper-parameters in ST-CCN-PM2.5 are tuned by Bayesian optimization. Haikou air monitoring station data are employed with a series of baselines (AR, MA, ARMA, ANN, SVR, GRU, LSTM and ST-GCN). Final results include the following points: (1) For a single station, the RMSE, MAE and R2 values of ST-CCN-PM2.5 decreased by 27.05%, 10.38% and 3.56% on average, respectively. (2) For all stations, ST-CCN-PM2.5 achieve the best performance in win–tie–loss experiments. The numbers of winning stations are 68, 63, and 64 out of 95 stations in RMSE (MSE), MAE, and R2, respectively. In addition, the mean MSE, RMSE and MAE of ST-CCN-PM2.5 are 4.94, 2.17 and 1.31, respectively, and the R2 value is 0.92. (3) Shapley analysis shows wind speed is the most influencing factor in fine-grained PM2.5 concentration prediction. The effects of CO and temperature on PM2.5 prediction are moderately significant. Friedman test under different resampling further confirms the advantage of ST-CCN-PM2.5. The ST-CCN-PM2.5 provides a promising direction for fine-grained PM2.5 prediction.
Human Nutrition and Dietetics: Understanding the Profession and Development Actions in Jordan

In Jordan, human nutrition and dietetics are among the most developed allied health professions, but documented information regarding its current status is generally not available. The purpose of this article is to clarify the status of this profession in the country and to trace the developmental activities that have taken place over the past five decades. Currently, there have been remarkable transitions in health attributes among Jordanians as related to nutritional status since fifty years ago. This is manifested in rapid dietary, socio-economic, epidemiologic, and demographic shifts. Accelerated changes have occurred in general health and nutritional status trends, including a decline in the incidence of infectious diseases, increased life expectancy, a surge in all levels of education, rise in urbanization, mechanization and market globalization, decreased physical activity, diets have become denser in energy and richer in carbohydrates, fat, and animal foods. Concordant troubling trends have been recorded for rising morbidity and mortality of major nutrition-related chronic disorders, particularly cardiometabolic risks including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, hypertension, as well as cancer. Consistency with this transition, patterns of nutrition and dietetics profession services have increased steadily. There are 10 public and 17 private universities in Jordan. Six public and five private universities offer degrees in human nutrition. One offers a doctoral degree, four offer a master's degree, and all eleven universities offer bachelor's degrees in human nutrition and/or dietetics or both. In line with these changes, the human nutrition and dietetics profession has gained significant official recognition and legal status permitting certification or licensing and consultation and private practice. However, additional legislative and regulatory attributes, internships and in-service training programs, and national diet manuals are required for such progress to continue at a steady pace. Therefore, there is a need for an official body to shape the landscape of the profession of human nutrition and dietetics in accordance with international standards.
Routes to Dissipation under Different Dynamical Conditions

AbstractIn this study, it is investigated how ageostrophic dynamics generate an energy flux toward smaller scales. Numerical simulations of baroclinic instability are used with varying dynamical conditions ranging from quasigeostrophic balance to ageostrophic flows. It turns out that dissipation at smaller scales by viscous friction is much more efficient if the flow is dominated by ageostrophic dynamics than in quasigeostrophic conditions. In the presence of ageostrophic dynamics, an energy flux toward smaller scales is observed while energy is transferred toward larger scales for quasigeostrophic dynamics. Decomposing the velocity field into its rotational and divergent components shows that only the divergent velocity component, which becomes stronger for ageostrophic flows, features a downscale flux. Variation of the dynamical conditions from ageostrophic dynamics to quasigeostrophic balanced flows shows that the forward energy flux and therefore the small-scale dissipation decreases as soon as the ho.
The Political Economy of Trade Barriers in Peru

This paper analyzes the political economy factors and actors that may have influenced trade instruments in Peru during the liberalization period of 2001-2015 (which started in 1990 under Fujimori’s administration). The evidence supports the hypothesis that Peruvian trade barriers liberalization in period 2000-2015 was led by the powerful “Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF)”, accompanied by traditional and diversified exporters (that consolidated the unilateral trade liberalization) and by import substitution firms that influenced to some degree, and slowed down the rate of liberalization of unilateral trade barriers. In addition, the unilateral trade liberalization was facilitated by the weak role of the formal labor force and liberal-oriented consumer interest groups.
Metformin Mitigated Obesity-Driven Cancer Aggressiveness in Tumor-Bearing Mice

Metformin may offer benefits to certain cancer populations experiencing metabolic abnormalities. To extend the anticancer studies of metformin, a tumor model was established through the implantation of murine Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cells to Normal Diet (ND)-fed and High-Fat Diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6 mice. The HFD-fed mice displayed metabolic and pro-inflammatory alterations together with accompanying aggressive tumor growth. Metformin mitigated tumor growth in HFD-fed mice, paralleled by reductions in circulating glucose, insulin, soluble P-selectin, TGF-β1 and High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1), as well as tumor expression of cell proliferation, aerobic glycolysis, glutaminolysis, platelets and neutrophils molecules. The suppressive effects of metformin on cell proliferation, migration and oncogenic signaling molecules were confirmed in cell study. Moreover, tumor-bearing HFD-fed mice had higher contents of circulating and tumor immunopositivity of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs)-associated molecules, with a suppressive effect from metformin. Data taken from neutrophil studies confirmed the inhibitory effect that metformin has on NET formation induced by HMGB1. Furthermore, HMGB1 was identified as a promoting molecule to boost the transition process towards NETs. The current study shows that metabolic, pro-inflammatory and NET alterations appear to play roles in the obesity-driven aggressiveness of cancer, while also representing candidate targets for anticancer potential of metformin.
Enhancement of thermoelectric power factor of zinc oxide by nickel and indium dual doping

Effect of structural and morphological deformation on the enhancement of thermoelectric properties of zinc oxide due to the dual substitution of indium and nickel was investigated. The doped materials resemble the hexagonal wurtzite structure of the host material, with increased crystallite size and strain, indicating the inclusion of the cations with larger radius. Reduction in the optical band gap energy from 3.1 eV to 2.20 eV is observed with a red shift in the absorption edge. The donor cations doped samples have high charge carrier density, resulting an increase in the transport properties. Highest electrical conductivity and seebeck coefficient were obtained for the doped samples leading to a hike in the power factor of 1427 μW/mK2. The thermal conductivity decreased with doping concentration, and highest figure of merit of 0.11 was obtained.