Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large Eddy Simulation of Buoyancy-Driven Natural Ventilation - Twin-Plume Flow

Abstract This paper presents results of a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of buoyancy-driven natural ventilation in which two unequal heat sources are used to drive the flow. The aim of this work was to assess the performance of LES in modelling turbulent thermal plumes in a naturally ventilated enclosure and to analyse their interaction with each other. The sub-grid scales of the flow have been resolved by using the Smagorinsky sub-grid scale model. It was found that LES results for the interface height agree well with the theoretical predictions of Linden and Kaye (2006). However, instead of a step change in temperature, as suggested by theory, there exists a more diffuse interface. The merging height of the two plumes and the volume flow rates in the far field merged plume agreed closely with theoretical predictions. Analysis of the pressure isosurfaces demonstrated the interaction phenomena of the two plumes, the coherent structures and the behaviour of the interface.
Numerical Characterization of Pressure Drop Across the Manifold of Turbine Casing Cooling System

Array of jets is an arrangement typically used to cool several gas turbine parts. Some examples of such applications can be found in the impingement cooling systems of turbine blades and vanes or in the turbine blade tip clearances control of large aeroengines. In order to correctly evaluate the impinging jet mass flow rate, the characterization of holes discharge coefficient is a compulsory activity.In a previous work the authors have performed an aerodynamic analysis of different arrays of jets for active clearance control; the aim was the definition of a correlation for the discharge coefficient (Cd) of a generic hole of the array. The developed empirical correlation expresses the Cd of each hole as a function of the ratio between the hole and the manifold mass velocity and the local value of the pressure ratio. In its original form, the correlation does not take in to account the effect of the hole length to diameter ratio (t/d) so, in the present contribution, the authors report a study with the aim of evaluating the influence of such parameter on the discharge coefficient distribution. The data were taken from a set of CFD RANS simulations, in which the behaviour of the cooling system was investigated over a wide range of fluid-dynamics conditions (Pressure-Ratio = 1.01–1.6, t/d = 0.25–3). To point out the reliability of the CFD analysis, some comparisons with experimental data were drawn. An in depth analysis of the numerical data set has led to an improved correlation with a new term function of the hole length to diameter ratio.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Edge Learning

Machine Learning (ML) has demonstrated great promise in various fields, e.g., self-driving, smart city, which are fundamentally altering the way individuals and organizations live, work, and interact. Traditional centralized learning frameworks require uploading all training data from different sources to a remote data server, which incurs significant communication overhead, service latency, and privacy issues. To further extend the frontiers of the learning paradigm, a new learning concept, namely, Edge Learning (EL) is emerging. It is complementary to the cloud-based methods for big data analytics by enabling distributed edge nodes to cooperatively training models and conduct inferences with their locally cached data. To explore the new characteristics and potential prospects of EL, we conduct a comprehensive survey of the recent research efforts on EL. Specifically, we first introduce the background and motivation. We then discuss the challenging issues in EL from the aspects of data, computation, and communication. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the enabling technologies for EL, including model training, inference, security guarantee, privacy protection, and incentive mechanism. Finally, we discuss future research opportunities on EL. We believe that this survey will provide a comprehensive overview of EL and stimulate fruitful future research in this field.
Identifying Pathways to Computer Science

Short-term outreach interventions are conducted to raise young students’ awareness of the computer science (CS) field. Typically, these interventions are targeted at K–12 students, attempting to encourage them to study CS in higher education. This study is based on a series of extra-curricular outreach events that introduced students to the discipline of computing, nurturing creative computational thinking through problem solving and game programming. To assess the long-term impact of this campaign, the participants were contacted and interviewed two to five years after they had attended an outreach event. We studied how participating in the outreach program affected the students’ perceptions of CS as a field and, more importantly, how it affected their educational choices. We found that the outreach program generally had a positive effect on the students’ educational choices. The most prominent finding was that students who already possessed a “maintained situational interest” in CS found that the event strengthened their confidence in studying CS. However, many students were not affected by attending the program, but their perceptions of CS did change. Our results emphasize the need to provide continuing possibilities for interested students to experiment with computing-related activities and hence maintain their emerging individual interests.
Label consistency in overfitted generalized $k$-means

We provide theoretical guarantees for label consistency in generalized k -means problems, with an emphasis on the overﬁtted case where the number of clusters used by the algorithm is more than the ground truth. We provide conditions under which the estimated labels are close to a reﬁnement of the true cluster labels. We consider both exact and approximate recovery of the labels. Our results hold for any constant-factor approximation to the k -means problem. The results are also model-free and only based on bounds on the maximum or average distance of the data points to the true cluster centers. These centers themselves are loosely deﬁned and can be taken to be any set of points for which the aforementioned distances can be controlled. We show the usefulness of the results with applications to some manifold clustering problems
Coronavirus Pandemic Factors associated with prolonged viral detection in asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Introduction: Data on the clinical course and duration of viral RNA detection in patients with mild or asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 are limited. Methodology: In this retrospective analysis, clinical characteristics and serial real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) results were reviewed in a cohort of 1186 asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 patients in South Korea. Factors associated with prolonged duration of RT-PCR positivity for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were also evaluated. Patients with two consecutive negative RT-PCR tests ≥ 24 hours apart were considered to be in virologic remission and discharged. Results: The average virologic remission period, defined as the number of days from diagnosis to virologic remission, was 22.0 ± 9.7 days; patients with longer than 30 days accounted for 21.2% (251/1186) of the population. Patients who took longer than 30 days to achieve virologic remission had a higher frequency of overall symptoms (p < 0.001) and respiratory symptoms (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis using Coxproportional hazard regression, it was confirmed that respiratory symptoms (hazard ratio [HR], 0.7372; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65400.8311) and gastrointestinal symptoms (HR, 0.8213; 95% CI, 0.6970-0.9679) were independent factors associated with prolonged virologic remission. Age and co-morbidity such as diabetes and hypertension were not associated with the prolonged RT-PCR positivity. Conclusions: A considerable percentage of asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients with coronavirus disease 2019 showed prolonged RT-PCR positivity for SARS-CoV-2; which was independently associated with the presence of symptoms, but not with age and co-morbidity.
Vibration-Based Energy Harvesting with Essential Non-Linearities

The dependence on electrical power and the advancement of new technology devices has driven new research in the area of alternative energy sources. As electronic devices become smaller and more portable, the use of conventional batteries have become less practical. This has lead to an increase in the study of vibration-based energy harvesting and its use as an alternative source of energy. Previously, linear systems have been developed to harvest energy efficiently when the mechanical oscillator is tuned to the appropriate excitation frequency. This tuning requirement limits the application to a narrow bandwidth of frequencies and puts significant demand on properly designing the system to match a specific excitation. By incorporating nonlinearities in the design and analysis of energy harvesting devices, an increase in the performance of the harvester and versatilely of application can be achieved. This work investigates the role of non-linearities in the mechanical component on the performance of energy harvesting systems, and their advantages compared to a typical linear harvesting system. In particular, an energy harvester that incorporates a piezoelectric element as the attachment and exhibits strong non-linear behavior is analyzed through numerical and analytical simulations, as well as an experimental validation of the simulations. The harvester is subjected to an excitation of ambient
High School Dropouts and the Economic Losses from Juvenile Crime in California

California’s juvenile crime rate is high. Juveniles commit one-in-six violent crimes and over one-quarter of all property crimes; they also commit crimes in school, victimizing one-quarter of all students and one-intwelve teachers. The economic loss from juvenile crime is substantial. In total, each juvenile cohort in California imposes an economic loss of $8.9 billion on the state’s citizens. Part of the explanation for juvenile crime is poor education. In this paper, we estimate the economic loss from juvenile crime associated with not completing high school before age 18. Using results from three separate studies and applying their results for California, we estimate the annual juvenile crime loss associated with high school dropouts at $1.1 billion. Finally, we compare the losses from juvenile crime with the costs of improving the education system. We calculate that savings in juvenile crime alone will offset approximately 16% of the costs of providing these interventions.
Development of a Population Pharmacokinetic Model of Busulfan in Children and Evaluation of Different Sampling Schedules for Precision Dosing

We develop a population pharmacokinetic model to describe Busulfan pharmacokinetics in paediatric patients and investigate by simulations the impact of various sampling schedules on the calculation of AUC. Seventy-six children had 2 h infusions every 6 h. A two-compartment linear model was found to adequately describe the data. A lag-time was introduced to account for the delay of the administration of the drug through the infusion pump. The mean values of clearance, central volume of distribution, intercompartmental clearance, and peripheral volume of distribution were 10.7 L/h, 39.5 L, 4.68 L/h and 17.5 L, respectively, normalized for a Body Weight (BW) of 70 kg. BW was found to explain a portion of variability with an allometric relationship and fixed exponents of 0.75 on clearance parameters and 1 on volumes. Interindividual variability for clearance and volume of distribution was found to be 28% and 41%, respectively, and interoccasion variability for clearance was found to be 11%. Three sampling schedules were assessed by simulations for bias and imprecision to calculate AUC by a non-compartmental and a model-based method. The latter was found to be superior in all cases, while the non-compartmental was unbiased only in sampling up to 12 h corresponding to a once-daily dosing regimen.
The Moderating Role of the FKBP5 Gene Polymorphisms in the Relationship between Attachment Style, Perceived Stress and Psychotic-like Experiences in Non-Clinical Young Adults

Numerous studies have reported that stressful life experiences increase the risk of psychosis and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). Common variations of the FKBP5 gene have been reported to impact the risk of psychosis by moderating the effects of environmental exposures. Moreover, anxious and avoidant attachment styles have been shown to increase both the level of perceived stress and the risk for psychosis development. In the present cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate whether variants of the FKBP5 gene moderate the effects of attachment styles and the level of perceived stress on the development of PLEs. A total of 535 non-clinical undergraduates were genotyped for six FKBP5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs3800373, rs9470080, rs4713902, rs737054, rs1360780 and rs9296158). The Psychosis Attachment Measure (PAM), the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) and the Prodromal Questionnaire 16 (PQ-16) were administered to assess attachment styles, the level of perceived stress and PLEs, respectively. Anxious attachment style, lower levels of perceived self-efficacy and higher levels of perceived helplessness were associated with a significantly higher number of PLEs. The main effects of attachment style on the severity of PLEs were significant in models testing for the associations with perceived self-efficacy and three FKBP5 SNPs (rs1360780, rs9296158 and rs9470080). The main effect of rs38003733 on the number of PLEs was observed, with GG homozygotes reporting a significantly higher number of PLEs in comparison to T allele carriers. In individuals with dominant anxious attachment style, there was a significant effect of the interaction between the FKBP5 rs4713902 SNP and self-efficacy on the severity of PLEs. Among rs4713902 TT homozygotes, a low level of perceived self-efficacy was associated with higher severity of PLEs. In subjects with non-dominant anxious attachment, a low level of perceived self-efficacy was associated with a higher number of PLEs, regardless of the genotype. Our results indicate that the FKBP5 gene might moderate the relationship between attachment, perceived stress and PLEs.
Speech-language outcomes of children with unilateral and mild/moderate hearing loss

ABSTRACT This work examined speech and language skills of a cohort of children with unilateral and bilateral mild/moderate hearing loss at time of discharge from preschool therapy services as they were transitioning to the school system. The study consisted of a retrospective chart review of children born between 2003 and 2011 and identified with a unilateral or a bilateral hearing loss up to 55 dB. Speech and language outcomes measures were obtained from three different tests commonly administered as part of the therapy protocol. Comparisons were made with normative data. A total of 238 children were diagnosed with a permanent unilateral or bilateral hearing loss by six years of age. Speech language standardised test scores were available for 74 children (65 English-speaking, 9 French-speaking). While overall results on all outcome measures remained within the expected range for children with typical hearing, of the 65 children with speech and language outcomes, 13 of 52 (25.0%) and 15 of 53 (28.3%) obtained lower scores on expressive communication and articulation, respectively, compared to children with typical hearing. These children were identified and fitted with hearing aids at a later age. Findings of this study suggest possible benefits of early identification and intervention and warrant additional research on early-identified children with unilateral or mild/moderate bilateral hearing loss.
Harmonic State Space Model of Three Phase Thyristor Controlled Reactor

Harmonic domain models have been developed for Thyristor Controller Reactors (TCR) and other power electronic devices. Recently, these models have been extended to describe not just the steady-state harmonic interactions but harmonic transients as well. However, these dynamic models consistently do not incorporate models for controls. On the other hand, for the TCR as a FACTS Controller, dynamic models are available in which only the fundamental frequency component of the Controller is included; excluding harmonic interactions presumes that these do not affect the dynamics of the Controller. This thesis describes the development of a Harmonic State Space (HSS) model of a three phase TCR. As an extended state space description, this model describes the dynamics of the Controller while capturing harmonic interactions. It also includes the effect of switching instant variation which significantly improves the effectiveness of the model and allows the controller feedback characteristics to be included. The result of this model was validated with a purely time-domain simulation in PSCAD/EMTDC. Using the HSS to model a power system with TCR, it is illustrated that harmonic interactions play a significant role in the dynamics of the system. It is observed that for the specific system analysed, the least-damped pole-pair which dominates the dynamics of the system is associated with the 5th harmonic. Failure to include interactions with this specific harmonic produces an inaccurate dynamic description. Preliminary to the development of HSS model, a linearised harmonic domain model of a TCR which establishes the harmonic interactions across the device is also developed. Results of this model are validated with a time-domain simulation. This characterisation paves the way for a reduced harmonic state space model that is used in the HSS model. The principles and procedures established in this thesis can be applied to the development of models for other FACTS Controllers or HVDC links.
Nutritional Status of Patients With Leprosy Attending a Tertiary Care Institute in North India

Introduction Leprosy is a chronic, infectious disease resulting in significant physical and social morbidity. This study aims to assess the nutritional status of patients with leprosy. Methods Treatment-naïve leprosy cases seen over two years at a tertiary care center were recruited in this prospective observational study. Demographic details, type of leprosy, and presence of reactions and disabilities were recorded. Nutritional assessment was done by calculating the body mass index (BMI) and measuring the hemoglobin, serum iron, serum albumin, and serum cholesterol. Results Fifty patients were recruited with a mean age of 40.5 (15.3) years. Most patients (60%) had a normal BMI of 18.5-24.9, and 14% were underweight. Two-thirds of the patients had low hemoglobin, with 18 (36%) having low serum iron. A statistically significant association was observed between low serum iron and the multibacillary form of leprosy. Conclusion A nutritional assessment should be included in the initial evaluation of leprosy.
Transreal tracing: Queer-feminist speculations on disabled technologies

In a world where technologies often serve to amplify the persistent rendering of disability as an undesired deficit, what we need are empowering utopias concerning bodies, disabilities and assistive technologies. Specifically, I use Barad's article ‘Transmaterialities: Trans*/Matter/Realities and Queer Political Imaginings’ to illustrate how we might speculate on technologies that understand disabled bodies as affording potentials. The Transreal Tracing Device reimagines our bodies as surfaces of possibility, encouraging explorations into how disabled bodies do and could look like. The speculative device offers an opportunity for positive renegotiations of disabled bodies as malleable and desirable – as ontologically indeterminate and transcendent. In traversing theoretical approaches and using them to design queer-feminist utopias centring disabled people, the concept challenges dominant notions of disabilities and assistive technologies alike. I close by discussing implications for ability-based, participatory but even more so self-determined design, and how to shift the focus of disabled technologies towards potential, from support to appreciation, from isolation to kinship and, ultimately, from shame to pride.
Fatty acid composition and nutritional analysis of waste crude fish oil obtained by optimized milder extraction methods

The increasing environmental impact of fish waste has attracted more attention towards developing simple, greener, and effective valorization methods. This study employed optimized milder extraction methods as a potential process intensification strategy to valorize marine and freshwater fish wastes with significant proximate compositions ( p < 0.05). Using response surface methodology, the optimized parameters, including lower temperature (60 ℃ ), less enzyme concentration (1%), and 1:1 ratio of less toxic solvents, had high desirability levels ( ˃ 0.92). Although identical chemical functional groups were observed in the infrared spectra, the marine fish waste produced higher oil yields. The physicochemical characteristics of the oils were within the international CXS 329-2017 standard. Palmitic acid (21.21 – 26.63%), oleic acid (19.78 – 27.11%), eicosapentaenoic acid (6.02 – 9.97%), and docosahexaenoic acid (17.00-20.83%) were the dominant saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the crude fish oil. The average nutritional quality values of the fatty acids were: polyunsaturated/saturated (0.85 – 1.33), omega-6/omega-3 (0.18 – 0.22), atherogenic index (0.35 – 0.46), thrombogenic index (0.23 – 0.33), hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (2.21 – 2.77), nutritive value index (0.87 – 1.68), health-promoting index (2.19 – 2.82), and fish lipid quality (24.18 – 28.88). The present research revealed the potentiality of fish waste valorization by optimized milder extraction methods as a possible sustainable approach for targeting the era of zero waste while producing quality crude fish oil.
Novel Mixing Relations for Determining the Effective Thermal Conductivity of Open-Cell Foams

This paper proposes a new approach to relate the effective thermal conductivity of open-cell solid foams to their porosity. It is based on a recently published approach for estimating the dielectric permittivity of isotropic porous media. A comprehensive assessment was performed comparing the proposed mixing relation with published experimental data for thermal conductivity and with numerical data from state-of-the-art relations. The mixing relation for the estimation of thermal conductivities based on dodecahedrons as building blocks shows good agreement with experimental data over a wide range of porosity.