Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Toxoplasma Infection Dosage on Igg, Igm, Fetus Weight and Body Length, and Necrosis of Placenta and Fetal Heart

One of the most prevalent zoonotic illnesses in the world, toxoplasmosis, affects both humans and animals and is caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The infection will trigger the immune system to increase antibody production. This study aims to determine the dose of toxoplasma that causes necrosis in rats placental and fetal hearts. This study was laboratory experimental research with a Randomized Control Trial (RCT). The study design used a post-test only with a control group design. The Ig G variable obtained from the control group (CG) and treatment group 3 (TG3) is the most significant because the mean value difference was the largest (176.56). The Ig M variable obtained from the control group with treatment group 3 (TG3) is the most significant because the mean value difference is the largest (33.47). The fetus weight variable obtained from the control group with treatment group 3 (TG3) is the most significant because the mean value difference is the largest (2.6). The body length variable obtained from the control group between treatment group 3 (TG3) is the most significant because the mean value difference is the largest (1.26). There was a significant difference in placental tissue necrosis (p = 0.034) and heart (p = 0.025) between the control group (CG) and treatment group 3 (TG3). Therefore, there was a significant difference in Ig G, Ig M, fetus weight, body length, placental tissue necrosis, and fetal heart at the 10³ dose compared to the 102, 101, and normal doses.
Nurses' Performance Regarding Patients Undergoing Therapeutic Plasma Exchange

Background : Therapeutic plasma exchange is a procedure which removes plasma that contains circulating pathogenic substances, such as auto reactive antibodies, immune complexes, paraproteins, lipoproteins, inflammatory mediators like cytokines and return of the patient's blood components along with replacement fluid such as 5% albumin, fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or a combination of a crystalloid and colloid solution. Aim of the study: Assess nurses' performance regarding patients undergoing therapeutic plasma exchange . Research design: A descriptive exploratory design was utilized . Setting: The study was conducted at the therapeutic plasma exchange room in the combined dialysis unit affiliated to Ain Shams University Hospitals . Subjects: A convenience sample of all available nurses (no= 35) who are working in the previously mentioned setting. Tools: Two tools were used in the current study: Tool 1) self-administrated questionnaire and tool 2) observational checklist. Results: More than three quarters of the studied nurses had unsatisfactory level of total knowledge and had incompetent level of total practice regarding the patients undergoing therapeutic plasma exchange. There was a highly statistically significant relation between total nurses' education level, attendance of training courses for therapeutic plasma exchange and nurses` level of knowledge and practice. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the majority of studied nurses had poor nurses' performance (knowledge and practice) and there was positive correlation between total knowledge score and total practices score regarding care of patients undergoing therapeutic plasma exchange. Recommendations: Nursing educators and clinical facilitators must incorporate strategies using learning opportunities to raise awareness of nursing staff about topics of TPE` knowledge and practice. Ongoing and regular in-service training regarding basic procedures as: pre procedure, during procedure and post procedure of TPE.
Optimization of the Enzymatic Extraction of Naringenin from Pink Grapefruit Pulp (Citrus × paradisi Macfad.)

Naringenin is one of the main phenolic compounds found in grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi Macfad.). This compound is known for its therapeutical properties as an antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antineoplastic agent. In order to enable the development of drugs based on this compound, an appropriate extraction method needs to be developed. For this study, enzymatic extraction was chosen, as it is a cheap and green extraction method. Optimal extraction conditions (pH, temperature, agitation, solvent composition, sample-to-solvent ratio and enzyme-to-sample ratio) were determined through a Plackett–Burman and a Box–Behnken design, resulting in pH 6.0, 40 °C, 50 rpm, 20% EtOH, 0.2 g sample per 15 mL solvent and 1000 U/g. Once extraction conditions were determined, a single-factor experiment was performed under optimal conditions to determine extraction time, which resulted in 10 min per extraction. Finally, repeatability and intermediate precision were evaluated through naringenin quantification. Good values were obtained for both parameters (1.80% and 2.05%, respectively). Furthermore, extracts presented significant amount of naringenin (0.18 ± 0.02 mg/g).
The Influence of Bioclimates and Soil Physicochemical Properties on Bacterial and Archaeal Communities from Forest Ecosystems in Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa)

Archaea and bacteria communities play pivotal roles in tropical forest ecosystems’ functioning, especially nutrient cycling, plant phenology, and health. The objective of this study was to explore the diversity of archaeal and bacterial communities in forest soil ecosystem of Côte d’Ivoire and to identify abiotic factors that influence their composition. Using high-throughput amplicon sequencing targeting the V4V5 hypervariable region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, we analyzed 22 soil samples taken from the 2 main forest areas of Côte d’Ivoire, namely the semi-deciduous moist forest and the evergreen moist forest, both of which are located in the humid and sub-humid areas of the country. The analysis revealed that the biodiversity at the phyla level was congruent with previous studies. Richness and Shannon diversity indices revealed the dominance of bacteria over archaea in all studied soils. Moreover, the predominant bacterial community consisted of Proteobacteria (29.8%), Acidobacteria (15.5%), and Actinobacteria (14.2%), while the archaeal community was dominated by Thaumarchaeota (1.93%). However, at the genus level, patterns emerged. The most abundant and ubiquitous members at the genus level included Bradyrhizobium, Rhodoplanes, Bacillus (bacteria), and Nitrosophaera (archaea). While bacterial core microbiome members were found in almost all soils, Nitrososphaera genus were selective to sub-humid bioclimate and cropland land use. These patterns were correlated to the soils’ physicochemical characteristics, bioclimate, and land use. This study sheds light on the intricate relationships between abiotic factors and microbial communities in Côte d’Ivoire’s forest soils and helps to identify keys species for future soil management.
Performance evaluation and upgrade options for existing sequencing batch reactor for nutrient removal

Assessment and upgrade of existing sewage treatment plants (STPs) are necessary due to the revision of the existing effluent regulations which now monitors nutrients including ammonia, nitrate and phosphates. The aim of this study is the performance evaluation of four sequencing batch reactor (SBR) type of STP based on the following parameters: biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), nitrates, ammonia, phosphates and pH; and their potential upgrade based on the revised regulations stated in DAO 2016-08. Four sequencing batch reactor (SBR) type of STP were assessed for 12 weeks for this study. Results showed noncompliance with nutrient levels, thus upgrade is necessary. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), a Multi-Criteria-Analysis (MCA) tool, was used to select the best option for upgrade among options that include (1) additional SBR tank, (2) diverting wastewater to another treatment facility, and (3) converting the SBR into membrane bioreactor (MBR). Considering the criterion for upgrade, option 2 was the most preferred decision followed by option 1 then option 3.
Orexins/Hypocretins: Gatekeepers of Social Interaction and Motivation

Ever since the discovery of the brain’s orexin/hypocretin system, most research was directed toward unveiling its contribution to the normal functioning of individuals. The investigation of reward-seeking behaviors then gained a lot of attention once the distribution of orexinergic neurons was revealed. Here, we discuss findings on the involvement of orexins in social interaction, a natural reward type. While some studies have succeeded in defining the relationship between orexin and social interaction, the controversy regarding its nature (direct or inverse relation) raises questions about what aspects have been overlooked until now. Upon examining the literature, we identified a research gap concerning conditions influencing the impact of orexins on social behavior expression. In this review, we introduce a number of factors (e.g., stress, orexin’s source) that must be considered while studying the role of orexins in social interaction. Furthermore, we refer to published research to investigate the stage at which orexins affect social interaction and we highlight the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell’s role in social interaction and other rewarding behaviors. Finally, the underlying orexin molecular pathway influencing social motivation in particular illnesses is proposed. We conclude that orexin’s impact on social interaction is multifactorial and depends on specific conditions available at a time.
Nitrogen budgets following a Lagrangian strategy in the Western Tropical South Pacific Ocean: the prominent role of N 2 fixation (OUTPACE cruise)

We performed N budgets at three stations in the western tropical South Pacific (WTSP) Ocean during austral summer conditions (Feb. Mar. 2015) and quantified all major N fluxes both entering the system (N 2 fixation, nitrate eddy diffusion, atmospheric deposition) and leaving the system (PN export). Thanks to a Lagrangian strategy, we sampled the same water mass for the entire duration of each long duration (5 days) station, allowing to consider only vertical exchanges. Two stations located at the western end of the transect (Melanesian archipelago (MA) waters, LD A and LD B) were oligotrophic and characterized by a deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) located at 51 ± 18 m and 81 ± 9 m at LD A and LD B. Station LD C was characterized by a DCM located at 132 ± 7 m, representative of the ultra-oligotrophic waters of the South Pacific gyre (SPG water). N 2 fixation rates were extremely high at both LD A (593 ± 51 µmol N m −2 d −1 ) and LD B (706 ± 302 µmol N m −2 d −1 ), and the diazotroph community was dominated by Trichodesmium . N 2 fixation rates were lower (59 ± 16 µmol N m −2 d −1 ) at LD C and the diazotroph community was dominated by unicellular N 2 -fixing cyanobacteria (UCYN). At all stations, N 2 fixation was the major source of new N (> 90 %) before atmospheric deposition and upward nitrate fluxes induced by turbulence. N 2 fixation contributed circa 8–12 % of primary production in the MA region and 3 % in the SPG water and sustained nearly all new primary production at all stations. The e-ratio (e-ratio = PC export/PP) was maximum at LD A (9.7 %) and was higher than the e-ratio in most studied oligotrophic regions (~ 1 %), indicating a high efficiency of the WTSP to export carbon relative to primary production. The direct export of diazotrophs assessed by qPCR of the nifH gene in sediment traps represented up to 30.6 % of the PC export at LD A, while there contribution was 5 and < 0.1 % at LD B and LD C, respectively. At the three studied stations, the sum of all N input to the photic layer exceeded the N output through organic matter export. This disequilibrium leading to N accumulation in the upper layer appears as a characteristic of the WTSP during the summer season, although the role of zooplankton in export fluxes should be further investigated.
Insight Into Frontal Seismogenic Zone in the Mentawai Locked Region From Seismic Full Waveform Inversion of Ultralong Offset Streamer Data

Sumatra subduction zone is one of the most seismically active zones on Earth. After having produced three Mw > 8.4 earthquakes and several Mw > 7.5 earthquakes, including the Mw = 7.8 2010 tsunami earthquake, the northern Mentawai segment is still locked and is capable of generating a great earthquake, possibly a disastrous tsunami. We analyzed ultralong offset seismic reflection data from this locked zone to characterize the nature of the accretionary prism and the plate interface using a combination of traveltime tomography, full waveform inversion, and prestack depth migration. In order to enhance the refractions, we downward extrapolate the streamer data to the seafloor, allowing the refraction arrivals to be observed from near‐zero offset up to far offset, and use a traveltime tomography to determine the background velocity in the upper sediments. Starting from these velocities, we perform a multiscale elastic full waveform inversion to determine the detailed P wave velocity structure of the subsurface. Based on this velocity, we perform a prestack depth migration to obtain seismic image in the depth domain and compute the porosity of the sediments to determine fluid content along faults. Our results show a low‐velocity subduction channel with high porosity at the plate interface that connects the likely active frontal thrusts at the toe of accretionary wedge, suggesting that the frontal section of the prism is seismogenic. We have also observed a low‐velocity layer in the middle of wedge separating old sediments below from new sediments above, defining the roots of bivergent thrust faults up to the seafloor, which can be interpreted as a psudo‐décollement.
Figuring "It" Out: Informational Literacy for Problem Scoping in Engineering Design (Theory)

We live in a digital age, where we have access to a plethora of information at our literal fingertips. The relative speed of getting an answer has fundamentally changed the way that individuals locate and process this information. The intersection of engineering and library science delved into the field of informational literacy, which investigates the skills necessary to locate, evaluate and effectively use the needed information. This information gathering stage is important in the problem scoping stage for “wicked” open-ended engineering design problems. Studies have shown that differences exist in how high schoolers, first-year students, senior students, experienced engineers and even preschoolers approach problem scoping and information gathering. This paper will outline the key research at each of the stages (preschool to engineering expert) to determine what key differences and/or similarities exist such as the role of context, information gathering, and the ability of the individual to discern the necessary information (application). Observations from multiple-units on informational literacy for problem scoping in a first-year engineering program will be presented. There is a distinct connection between information gathering and problem scoping. Instead of spending hours in a library index or heading to a trusty set of Encyclopedias, the advent and current reliance on the internet has fundamentally changed the way that individuals locate and process information. We are now part of the “Google” generation whom lives, learns and works in an increasingly complex world chocked full of informative, persuasive and sometimes untrue pieces of information. The relative ease of access to differing information sources impacts both the quality and quantity of information used. Engineering design
Sulfur Supplementation Enhanced the Growth and Photosynthesis of Lettuce in Hydroponic Production Using One-bag Complete Fertilizer

Sulfur (S) is an essential plant nutrient that regulates plant growth and metabolism. However, S is often absent from certain one-bag hydroponic fertilizers designed to provide a complete and balanced mixture of nutrients. We quantified the effects of S supplementation on the growth, morphology, and photosynthesis of lettuce grown in a deep-water culture hydroponic system. Two lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivars, green butterhead Rex and red oakleaf Rouxai, were grown using a prepackaged fertilizer specially formulated for reverse osmosis (RO) and other low-alkalinity water sources. The base nutrient solution was mixed using Jack’s FeED 12–4–16 fertilizer and RO water at a nitrogen concentration of 100 mg⋅L−1 (control). Three S supplementation treatments were implemented over a 4-week production period: 10 mg⋅L−1 supplemental S (provided using MgSO4); 20 mg⋅L−1 supplemental S (MgSO4); and a treatment using H2SO4 (instead of nitric acid) for pH adjustment. In both lettuce cultivars, shoot fresh and dry mass, total leaf area, leaf photosynthetic rate, total chlorophyll content, and leaf S concentration with all three S supplementation treatments increased significantly compared with those of the control. In contrast, the ratio of shoot dry mass to fresh mass, root dry mass, and percentage of root dry mass (i.e., root dry mass/total shoot and root mass) were significantly higher with the control treatment. Notably, ‘Rouxai’ lettuce grown in the control treatment had intense red coloration with a 216.6% to 288.9% increase in the anthocyanin index. There were no statistical differences in any of the growth and morphological parameters among the three S supplementation treatments. Overall, we observed significantly enhanced lettuce growth and photosynthetic performance with S supplementation, resulting in a 144.0% to 215.9% increase in shoot fresh mass in the two cultivars compared with the control. Thus, we recommend that at least 10 mg⋅L−1 of S should be supplemented when growing lettuce hydroponically to ensure optimal plant growth, especially when S is absent or low in the fertilizer and water source.
The Role of Gut Microbiome in the Pathogenesis and the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Its exact cause is unknown, but it's thought to result from a dysregulated immune response influenced by various factors, including changes in the intestinal microbiota, diet, lifestyle, and genetics. The gut microbiome, consisting of diverse microorganisms, plays a crucial role in maintaining physiological balance, with its disruption leading to inflammatory responses typical of IBD. Treatments primarily aim at symptom control, employing immunomodulators, corticosteroids, and newer approaches like probiotics, prebiotics, fecal transplants, and dietary modifications, all focusing on leveraging the microbiota's potential in disease management. These strategies aim to restore the delicate balance of the gut microbiome, typically altered in IBD, marked by a decrease in beneficial bacteria and an increase in harmful pathogens. This review underscores the importance of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis and treatment of IBD, highlighting the shift towards personalized medicine and the necessity for further research in understanding the complex interactions between the gut microbiota, immune system, and genetics in IBD. It points to the potential of emerging treatments and the importance of a multifaceted approach in managing this complex and challenging disease.
Survival benefit of resin cartridge extracorporeal blood purification therapy in patients with septic shock

in Background/aim: Extracorporeal blood purification (EBP) therapies have shown promise as potential rescue treatments for patients with septic shock. However, precise evidence regarding their effectiveness is lacking. This case-control study aimed to evaluate the 28-day survival benefit of a resin cartridge-based EBP therapy compared to conventional therapies in patients with septic shock. Materials and methods: The study sample was collected retrospectively from the medical records of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) between 2015 and 2020. The study included patients with septic shock aged ≥18 years who had ICU stays >96 h and excluded those lost to follow-up by 28 days or readmitted. First, 28-day survival was compared between EBP patients and 1:1 matched conventionally treated controls. Second, the EBP patients were evaluated for clinical and laboratory improvements within 72 h of EBP therapy. Results: Of 3742 patients, 391 were included in this study, of whom 129 received EBP therapy and had a 28-day survival rate of 44%, compared to 262 matched controls who received conventional therapy alone and had a survival rate of 33% (p = 0.001, log-rank = 0.05, number needed to treat = 8, and odds ratio = 1.7). After receiving EBP therapy for 72 h, improvements were observed in the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores (p < 0.05), shock indices (p < 0.05), partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood to the fraction of inspiratory oxygen concentration ratios (p < 0.001), vasopressor requirements (p < 0.001), pH (p < 0.05), lactate levels (p < 0.001), and C-reactive protein levels (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that administering resin cartridge-based EBP therapy to patients with septic shock may improve their survival compared to conventional therapies.
Predicting Clinician Fixations on Glaucoma OCT Reports via CNN-Based Saliency Prediction Methods

Goal: To predict physician fixations specifically on ophthalmology optical coherence tomography (OCT) reports from eye tracking data using CNN based saliency prediction methods in order to aid in the education of ophthalmologists and ophthalmologists-in-training. Methods: Fifteen ophthalmologists were recruited to each examine 20 randomly selected OCT reports and evaluate the likelihood of glaucoma for each report on a scale of 0-100. Eye movements were collected using a Pupil Labs Core eye-tracker. Fixation heat maps were generated using fixation data. Results: A model trained with traditional saliency mapping resulted in a correlation coefficient (CC) value of 0.208, a Normalized Scanpath Saliency (NSS) value of 0.8172, a Kullback–Leibler (KLD) value of 2.573, and a Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) of 0.169. Conclusions: The TranSalNet model was able to predict fixations within certain regions of the OCT report with reasonable accuracy, but more data is needed to improve model accuracy. Future steps include increasing data collection, improving quality of data, and modifying the model architecture.