Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrological Model Diversity Enhances Streamflow Forecast Skill at Short‐ to Medium‐Range Timescales

We investigate the ability of hydrological multimodel ensemble predictions to enhance the skill of streamflow forecasts at short‐ to medium‐range timescales. To generate the multimodel ensembles, we implement a new statistical postprocessor, namely, quantile regression‐Bayesian model averaging (QR‐BMA). Quantile regression‐Bayesian model averaging uses quantile regression to bias correct the ensemble streamflow forecasts from the individual models and Bayesian model averaging to optimally combine their probability density functions. Additionally, we use an information‐theoretic measure, namely, conditional mutual information, to quantify the skill enhancements from the multimodel forecasts. We generate ensemble streamflow forecasts at lead times from 1 to 7 days using three hydrological models: (i) Antecedent Precipitation Index‐Continuous, (ii) Hydrology Laboratory‐Research Distributed Hydrologic Model, and (iii) Weather Research and Forecasting Hydrological modeling system. As forcing to the hydrological models, we use weather ensemble forecasts from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction 11‐member Global Ensemble Forecast System Reforecast version 2. The forecasting experiments are performed for four nested basins of the North Branch Susquehanna River, USA. We find that after bias correcting the streamflow forecasts from each model, their skill performance becomes comparable. We find that the multimodel ensemble forecasts have higher skill than the best single‐model forecasts. Furthermore, the skill enhancements obtained by the multimodel ensemble forecasts are found to be dominated by model diversity, rather than by increased ensemble size alone. This result, obtained using conditional mutual information, indicates that each hydrological model contributes additional information to enhance forecast skill. Overall, our results highlight benefits of hydrological multimodel forecasting for improving streamflow predictions.
Spatial and temporal variations in river terrace formation, preservation, and morphology in the Lower Meuse Valley, The Netherlands

Abstract The Lower Meuse Valley crosses the Roer Valley Rift System and provides an outstanding example of well-preserved late glacial and Holocene river terraces. The formation, preservation, and morphology of these terraces vary due to reach-specific conditions, a phenomenon that has been underappreciated in past studies. A detailed palaeogeographic reconstruction of the terrace series over the full length of the Lower Meuse Valley has been performed. This reconstruction provides improved insight into successive morphological responses to combined climatic and tectonic external forcing, as expressed and preserved in different ways along the river. New field data and data obtained from past studies were integrated using a digital mapping method in GIS. Results show that late glacial river terraces with diverse fluvial styles are best preserved in the Lower Meuse Valley downstream sub-reaches (traversing the Venlo Block and Peel Block), while Holocene terrace remnants are well-developed and preserved in the upstream sub-reaches (traversing the Campine Block and Roer Valley Graben). This reach-to-reach spatial variance in river terrace preservation and morphology can be ascribed to tectonically driven variations in river gradient and subsurface lithology, and to river-driven throughput of sediment supply.
Thermodynamic Control on the Poleward Shift of the Extratropical Jet in Climate Change Simulations: The Role of Rising High Clouds and Their Radiative Effects

Extratropical eddy-driven jets are predicted to shift poleward in a warmer climate. Recent studies have suggested that cloud radiative effects (CRE) may enhance the amplitude of such shifts. But there is still considerable uncertainty about the underlying mechanisms, whereby CRE govern the jet response to climate change. This study provides new insights into the role of CRE in the jet response to climate change by exploiting the output from six global warming simulations run with and without atmospheric CRE (ACRE). Consistent with previous studies, it is found that the magnitude of the jet shift under climate change is substantially increased in simulations run with ACRE. It is hypothesized that ACRE enhance the jet response to climate change by increasing the upper-tropospheric baroclinicity due to the radiative effects of rising high clouds. The lifting of the tropopause and high clouds in response to surface warming arises from the thermodynamic constraints placed on water vapor concentrations. Hence, the influence of ACRE on the jet shift in climate change simulations may be viewed as an additional “robust” thermodynamic constraint placed on climate change by the Clausius–Clapeyron relation. The hypothesis is tested in simulations run with an idealized dry GCM, in which the model is perturbed with a thermal forcing that resembles the ACRE response to surface warming. It is demonstrated that 1) the enhanced jet shifts found in climate change simulations run with ACRE are consistent with the atmospheric response to the radiative warming associated with rising high clouds, and 2) the amplitude of the jet shift scales linearly with the amplitude of the ACRE forcing.
Evaluation of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) Utilization and Production in Eastern Parts of Kenya

Tamarind is a fruit tree native to tropical parts of Africa and Asia. It is used as a source of raw material in food industry, timber and landscaping. Despite the great value of tamarind, there is no information related to how it is utilized and produced in Kenya. The objective of this study was to evaluate tamarind production and utilization in Eastern parts of Kenya. Questionnaires were used to obtain information on production systems, planting material, cultural practices, proportion of tamarind sold, time taken to maturity, maturity indices, uses and challenges in tamarind production. Results indicated that all the farmers interviewed depended on seeds as their source of planting material. Farmers reported that tamarind was mainly grown for market and subsistence use. Majority of the respondents used tamarind as fruit, an ingredient in porridge and as a source of Original Research Article Kidaha et al.; ARJA, 6(2): 1-7, 2017; Article no.ARJA. 34705 2 herbal medicine. Cultural practices carried out in tamarind production were intercropping, weed control and harvesting. Majority of farmers were not able to determine the actual time trees take to mature but some approximated it to take 5-6 years. Most of the respondent identified fruit color and brittleness of the pod as key maturity indicators. Despite the reports that farmers had no problems on diseases they hardly harvested more than 270 Kg of fruits per plant. Challenges reported by most farmers included aphid infestation, harvesting from tall trees, marketing and transportation. Tamarind trees are of great importance in the Eastern parts of Kenya and more research should be done to improve the crop.
Therapeutic Effects of Cannabinoids on Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective: This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis to ascertain the efficacy and safety of Cannabis in treating ulcerative colitis (UC). Material and Methods: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) included in three databases (PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct) was performed; from inception till 31st July 2023, so as to ascertain the efficacy and safety of Cannabis in UC. Primary outcomes included: disease activity and endoscopic indices, and quality of life (QOL). The risk of bias in the studies was assessed via the RoB2 tool.Results: In total 1,928 records identified; of which four were eligible for inclusion. The risk of bias in the included studies was moderate. The patients were randomized to the cannabinoid group had significantly improved disease activity indices (standardized mean difference (SMD) -1.78; 95% confidence interval (CI) (-2.89 to 0.67); I2=74%) and QOL (SMD -1.70; 95% CI (0.24 to 3.17); I2=75%) than those in the placebo group. However, cannabinoids did not have a significant impact on endoscopic indices (SMD -0.40; 95% CI (-0.92 to 0.11); I2=0%) nor C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (SMD -0.49; 95% CI (-0.87 to 1.85); I2=85%) of UC patients.Conclusion: Cannabinoids show potential in improving disease activity and QOL; however, their impact on endoscopic indices and CRP levels remains inconclusive.
Lithologic Effects on Landscape Response to Base Level Changes: A Modeling Study in the Context of the Eastern Jura Mountains, Switzerland

Landscape evolution is a product of the forces that drive geomorphic processes (e.g., tectonics and climate) and the resistance to those processes. The underlying lithology and structural setting in many landscapes set the resistance to erosion. This study uses a modified version of the Channel‐Hillslope Integrated Landscape Development (CHILD) landscape evolution model to determine the effect of a spatially and temporally changing erodibility in a terrain with a complex base level history. Specifically, our focus is to quantify how the effects of variable lithology influence transient base level signals. We set up a series of numerical landscape evolution models with increasing levels of complexity based on the lithologic variability and base level history of the Jura Mountains of northern Switzerland. The models are consistent with lithology (and therewith erodibility) playing an important role in the transient evolution of the landscape. The results show that the erosion rate history at a location depends on the rock uplift and base level history, the range of erodibilities of the different lithologies, and the history of the surface geology downstream from the analyzed location. Near the model boundary, the history of erosion is dominated by the base level history. The transient wave of incision, however, is quite variable in the different model runs and depends on the geometric structure of lithology used. It is thus important to constrain the spatiotemporal erodibility patterns downstream of any given point of interest to understand the evolution of a landscape subject to variable base level in a quantitative framework.
Concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn in the top layer of soil and needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.); a case study of two extremely different conditions of the forest environment in Poland.

The paper presents the results of study on the concentration of selected trace elements in the upper soil layer (020 cm), forest litter and in needles of pine growing in the ecosystems with different degrees of pollution, using the examples of two districts (Olkusz Forest District and Gizycko Forest District). Analysis of the content of cadmium, lead and zinc in the upper soil layer, forest litter and two-year-old needles of Scots pine showed that the contents of the analysed elements differed significantly between the tested stands. Statistical analyses showed a positive correlation between the content of the heavy metals in needles and their contents in litter and soil.
Lupin as Ingredient in Durum Wheat Breadmaking: Physicochemical Properties of Flour Blends and Bread Quality

The popularity of adding pulse flours to baked goods is growing rapidly due to their recognised health benefits. In this study, increasing amounts (3, 7, 10, and 15%) of white lupin flour (Lupinus albus L.) and of protein concentrate from narrow-leaved lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) were used as replacements for durum wheat semolina to prepare bread, and their effects on the physicochemical properties of the flour blends, as well as the technological and sensory qualities of bread, were evaluated. The addition of protein concentrate from narrow-leaved lupin and white lupin flour increased the water binding capacity and the leavening rate compared to pure semolina. A farinograph test indicated that the dough development time had a slight but significant tendency to increase with the addition of lupin flour and protein concentrate of narrow-leaved lupin, while had a negative effect on the stability of dough. The alveograph strength decreased (225, 108, and 76 × 10−4 J for dough made with semolina, 15% of protein concentrate from narrow-leaved lupin, and 15% of white lupin flour, respectively), whereas there was an upward trend in the P/L ratio. Compared to re-milled semolina, the samples with lupin flour and protein concentrate from narrow-leaved lupin had low amylase activity, with falling number values ranging from 439 s to 566 s. The addition of the two different lupin flours lowered the specific volumes of the breads (2.85, 2.39, and 1.93 cm3/g for bread made from semolina, from 15% of protein concentrate from narrow-leaved lupin, and from 15% of white lupin flour, respectively) and increased their hardness values (up to 21.34 N in the bread with 15% of protein concentrate from narrow-leaved lupin). The porosity of the loaves was diminished with the addition of the two lupin flours (range of 5–8). The sensory analysis showed that the addition of white lupin flour or protein concentrate from narrow-leaved lupin did not impart any unpleasant flavours or odours to the bread. To conclude, the use of lupin in breadmaking requires adjustments to strengthen the gluten network but does not require a deflavouring process.
Large Sea Surface Temperature, Salinity, and Productivity‐Preservation Changes Preceding the Onset of the Messinian Salinity Crisis in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

The Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC; 5.97–5.33 Ma) is an enigmatic episode of paleoceanographic change, when kilometer‐thick evaporite units were deposited in the Mediterranean basin. Here we use geochemical (biomarker and isotope) data to reconstruct sea surface temperature, salinity, and productivity‐preservation changes in the Mediterranean basin just before the MSC. The proxy data indicate that the Mediterranean Sea was significantly saltier and colder between 6.415 and 6.151 Ma, than between 6.151 and 5.971 Ma. Salinity decrease at 6.151 Ma seems to be a relatively fast event just preceding the inception of a warming phase that lasted almost uninterrupted until the MSC onset. The water exchange with the Paratethys could have caused, along with the African rivers, an increased freshwater supply, resulting in normal marine Mediterranean waters between 6.151 and 5.971 Ma, despite the severe restriction of marine connections with the Atlantic at that time. Sea surface temperature changes determined a sharp drop in productivity and/or preservation of organic matter, marked by deposition of calcareous marls. Productivity and preservation were relatively high and constant until 6.01 Ma. Afterward, increased influx of terrestrial organic matter and probably enhanced water column stratification prevailed. Around 5.971 Ma, modifications in aquatic versus terrestrially derived biomarkers indicate changes in organic matter influx at the MSC onset.
Identification of multiple magnetizations of the Ediacaran strata in South China

Xianqing Jing,1 Zhenyu Yang,2 Yabo Tong,3 Heng Wang4 and Yingchao Xu5 1College of Resources, Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China 2College of Geospatial Information Science and Technology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China. E-mail: zhenyu.yang@cnu.edu. cn 3Key Laboratory of Paleomagnetism and Tectonic Reconstruction of the Ministry of Land and Resource, Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China 4Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China 5School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Phenological, growth, and yield responses of sweet corn to elevational air temperatures in the humid tropics

Temperature plays a determinant role in the rate of plant metabolic activities and, accordingly, dictates the plant's phenological stages, growth, and productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenological, growth, and ear yield behavior of ten sweet corn hybrids in response to elevational temperature changes in the humid tropics. Seeds of ten hybrids were grown in three elevations (coastland, midland, and highland). Results show that the hybrids belonged to the same maturity group with comparable accumulated growing degree days, but they varied in green ear yield, harvest index, and heat use efficiency. It was also found that higher elevations lead to longer plant growth and fewer growing degree-day requirements, resulting in increased in biomass accumulation for ear and overall vegetative growth but more efficient in the heat use. These findings will be useful as a guide for crop management scheduling, including fertilizers application, pest control, diseases control, and weed control, to maximize sweet corn yield at different elevations in the humid tropics.
OVERCOMING CONSTRAINTS AND EXPLORING BEHAVIORAL INSIGHTS INTO THE SAMUELSON MULTIPLIER-ACCELERATOR MODEL

Background. This article critically examines the limitations of traditional macroeconomic modeling, with a particular focus on the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models and their predecessors. By scrutinizing their shortcomings in predicting and comprehending economic crises that are highlighted in numerous research papers and addressing contemporary challenges, the article calls for a fundamental revision of these models. To overcome their limitations, the article puts forward a novel approach that integrates insights from behavioral economics and incorporates real-life agents into macroeconomic models aiming to contribute to the advancement and refinement of macroeconomic modeling. Methods. The paper centers its analysis on Samuelson's multiplier-accelerator model, a prominent framework in macroeconomics, highlighting its inherent deficiencies and proposing potential improvements through the application of behavioral economics insights. Results. By dissecting the model's core assumptions, such as the consumption function, private investment, and government spending, the article argues for the integration of real agents with bounded rationality, ‘animal spirits’, expectations of future income, consumer sentiment, and segmentation of households and firms into distinct categories. By adopting a more realistic representation of human behavior, macroeconomic models can provide more accurate forecasts and better policy guidance. Conclusions. The article states that the incorporation of behavioral factors into macroeconomic models is indispensable for advancing our understanding of complex economic phenomena. By incorporating a more nuanced and realistic representation of economic agents and their decision-making processes, these models can overcome their existing limitations and contribute to the development of more robust and effective economic policies.
Large-volume lipolysis assisted by low-level multifrequency laser in obesity: Short-term weight trajectories and postoperative complications

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic and complex syndrome resulting from the interactions of genetic, environmental, metabolic, and psychological factors. Current pharmacologic treatments often yield limited, unsustainable weight loss; thus, bariatric surgery and large and giant-volume liposuction have emerged as viable options for its control. Objective: This study aimed to assess Laser-assisted with large-volume liposuction in weight reduction effectiveness in obese adults and to describe the early postoperative complications of this procedure.
Socialization of Safety Factors for Passengers of Traditional Ship Crossing Transport at Muara Angke Port Jakarta

The orderliness of service and operation of facilities and infrastructure is relatively low, and many factors contribute to it, such as the weak awareness of ship owners and companies in implementing an effective and implementable safety system in the field, the seaworthiness of ships that are more oriented towards certification which in fact is not supported by careful inspection, as well as supervision carried out by the government on the implementation (drilling) of shipping safety requirements is inconsistent. The purpose of socialization to passengers who use traditional wooden ships is "Socialization of Safety Factors for Passengers of Traditional Ship Crossing Transport at Muara Angke Port Jakarta" the purpose of socialization is to prevent opportunities for violations in shipping not using Ring Life Buoys, Life Jackets and unethical behavior of ships passengers.
Upper-mantle deformation beneath the Pyrenean domain inferred from SKS splitting in northern Spain and southern France

We performed shear wave splitting analysis on 203 permanent (French RLPB, CEA and Cat-alonian networks) and temporary (PYROPE and IberArray experiments) broad-band stations around the Pyrenees. These measurements considerably enhance the spatial resolution and coverage of seismic anisotropy in that region. In particular, we characterize with different shear wave splitting analysis methods the small-scale variations of splitting parameters φ and δt along three dense transects crossing the western and central Pyrenees with an interstation spacing of about 7 km. While we find a relatively coherent seismic anisotropy pattern in the Pyrenean domain, we observe abrupt changes of splitting parameters in the Aquitaine Basin and delay times along the Pyrenees. We moreover observe coherent fast directions despite complex lithospheric structures in Iberia and the Massif Central. This suggests that two main sources of anisotropy are required to interpret seismic anisotropy in this region: (i) lithospheric fabrics in the Aquitaine Basin (probably frozen-in Hercynian anisotropy) and in the Pyrenees (early and late Pyrenean dynamics); (ii) asthenospheric mantle flow beneath the entire region (imprint of the western Mediterranean dynamics since the Oligocene).
Nationwide Effectiveness and Efficiency of the National Diabetes Prevention Policy Versus the Penny-per-Ounce Excise Tax Policy on Sugar-Sweetened Beverages

Diabetes has reached epidemic levels in the United States (US). This review compared two nationwide diabetes prevention policies: the National Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and the Penny-per-Ounce Excise (POE) tax policy on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) based on their efficiency and efficacy in reducing the number of new cases of diabetes in the US. The study made a recommendation for the implementation of one or both policies based on the comparison. The national DPP focuses on screening for prediabetes in overweight/obese individuals and having positive subjects participate in a potentially insured one-year weight loss program with CDC-approved coaches. The POE tax on SSBs on the other hand is based on taxing SSBs with the objective that it will reduce new cases of diabetes due to a lower consumption of these beverages, or a switch to healthier alternatives. Studies that predicted the impact of either policy at the national level were used to compare both policies. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated by dividing the difference in net costs saved by the difference in net effectiveness (diabetes cases prevented per year); thereby comparing both policies in terms of costs saved for each diabetes case prevented per year. Using only nationwide US predictions, it has been estimated that the POE tax on SSB will produce the most cost savings with a greater impact on reducing new cases of diabetes if implemented; therefore, this tax should be recommended, in addition to the already implemented DPP.