Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Daehwang-Hwanglyoun-Sasim-Tang on brain injury and cognitive function in mice caused by bilateral common carotid artery stenosis

Among geriatric diseases, cerebrovascular disease ranks fourth according to the Causes of Death Statistics in 2019, Korea, and is the most common cause of acquired disorders in adults. Daehwang-Hwanglyoun-Sasim-Tang (DHST), a herbal prescription consisting of two herbal medicines, Rhei Rhizoma and Coptidis Rhizoma, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. This study was conducted to confirm the anti-inflammatory mechanism of DHST treatment in ischemic brain injury and to confirm the role of DHST in cognitive function improvement. C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into four groups (sham operation, bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) control, experimental group administered 5 mL/kg DHST, experimental group administered 50 mL/kg DHST), with each group containing five mice. After 1 week, DHST was orally administered for 4 weeks, 5 days a week, and then behavioral evaluation of learning and memory was performed. In addition, morphological changes in the neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus were observed. Inflammation-related factors were evaluated using western blot analysis. In the 50 mL/kg DHST (H-DHST) group, the expression of apoptosis-related proteins was reduced and neuronal damage was suppressed in the hippocampal CA1 region. However, cognitive improvement was observed in the H-DHST group that was attributable to anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic pathways. In the 5 mL/kg DHST group, no significant effect was observed compared with the control group.
The light cone at infinity

A recent refinement of Penrose's conformal framework for asymptotically flat space-times is summarized. The key idea concerns advanced and retarded conformal factors, which allow a rigid description of infinity as a locally metric light cone. In the new framework, the Bondi-Sachs energy-flux integrals of ingoing and outgoing gravitational radiation decay at spatial infinity such that the total radiated energy is finite, and the Bondi-Sachs energy-momentum has a unique limit at spatial infinity, coinciding with the uniquely rendered ADM energy-momentum.
FORMULATION, EVALUATION OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT AND ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION GEL OF Moringa oleifera LEAVES

The leaves of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) contain quercetin, a flavonoid that plays a role in the skin regeneration process with an antioxidant mechanism, can play a role in the healing process of skin wounds. The ethanol extract of Moringa leaves was fractionated using petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. The MLEE (Moringa leaf ethanolic extract) gel formula was made to vary the extract weights in the order of 2%, 4% and 6% (b/b), while EFML (Moringa leaf ethyl acetate fraction) gel preparations were made to vary the extract weights in the order of 1%, 2% and 4% (b/b). Evaluation of the physical properties of the gel preparations, including organoleptic observation, homogenity tests, pH measurements, spreadability tests, adhesion tests, and antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The physical properties of all preparation fulfill the requirements. The test for antioxidant gel MLEE IC50: MLEE 1 144.72 ± 3.52 ppm; MLEE 2 138.15 ± 0.93 ppm; MLEE 3 136.59 ± 1.68 ppm when compared to extracts IC50 MLEE 23.14 ppm (very strong antioxidant activity). The EFML gel formulation (IC50: EFML 1 208.81 ± 4.09 ppm; EFML 2 193.22 ± 2.53 ppm; EFML 3 182.48 ± 2.11 ppm) gave the same results when compared to the thick fraction of Moringa leaves, which has moderate antioxidant activity. The formula gel MLEE 3 has moderate antioxidant activity, which is the best gel formulation based on the results of physical properties test.
Extreme exchange rate dynamics and export trade in the selected oil-exporting countries in Africa. Multiple asymmetric threshold non-linear ARDL approach

This study examines the impact of extremely small and extreme large variations in the exchange rate on export trade of selected oil-exporting countries in Africa over the period 1981Q1–2020Q4. The standard non-linear ARDL provides inconsistency among the estimates, shows the unreliable diagnostic test, and cannot account for the effects of extreme variations in the exchange rate. Multiple asymmetric threshold non-linear ARDL is more superior and revealed a robust long-run asymmetric between exchange rate variation and export with the exclusion of Nigeria (symmetric) and short-run asymmetric for all the countries. On the parameter estimates, the findings indicate that the effects of extremely large changes in the exchange rate major and minor appreciation/depreciation significantly differ from the effects of extremely small changes in the exchange rate on export trade which is linked to exchange rate practices in various countries. However, the effects on the short-run show a great deal of inconsistency across the quantile. In contrast, Algeria is unaffected by exchange rate major/minor variations in all quantiles of positive and negative shocks. Consequently, policy implications for the selected countries are discussed within the manuscript.
Left centralizers of semiprime gamma rings with involution

The purpose of this article is to define notions of I-involution on Γ-rings, existence and prove some interesting results: (i) Let M be a 2-torsion free semiprime Γ-ring with I-involution and satisfying a certain assumption. If T : M → M is a Jordan left centralizer on M , then T is a left centralizer. (ii) Let M be a 2-torsion free semiprime Γ-ring with I-involution and T : M → M an additive mapping such that T (xαI(x )+ I(x)αx )= T (x)αI(x )+ I(x)αT (x)
Estimation de la moyenne et de la variance de l’abondance de populations en écologie à partir d’échantillons de petite taille

En ecologie comme dans bien d’autres domaines, les echantillons de donnees de comptage comprennent souvent de nombreux zeros et quelques abondances fortes. Leur distribution est particulierement surdispersee et asymetrique. Les methodes les plus classiques d’inference sont souvent mal adaptees a ces distributions, a moins de disposer d’echantillons de tres grande taille. Il est donc necessaire de s’interroger sur la validite des methodes d’inference, et de quantifier les erreurs d’estimation pour de telles donnees. Ce travail de these a ainsi ete motive par un jeu de donnees d’abondance de poissons, correspondant a un echantillonnage ponctuel par peche electrique. Ce jeu de donnees comprend plus de 2000 echantillons, dont chacun correspond aux abondances ponctuelles (considerees independantes et identiquement distribuees) d’une espece pour une campagne de peche donnee. Ces echantillons sont de petite taille (en general, 20 _ n _ 50) et comprennent de nombreux zeros (en tout, 80% de zeros). Les ajustements de plusieurs modeles de distribution classiques pour les donnees de comptage ont ete compares sur ces echantillons, et la distribution binomiale negative a ete selectionnee. Nous nous sommes donc interesses a l’estimation des deux parametres de cette distribution : le parametre de moyenne m, et le parametre de dispersion, q. Dans un premier temps, nous avons etudie les problemes d’estimation de la dispersion. L’erreur d’estimation est d’autant plus importante que le nombre d’individus observes est faible, et l’on peut, pour une population donnee, quantifier le gain en precision resultant de l’exclusion d’echantillons comprenant tres peu d’individus. Nous avons ensuite compare plusieurs methodes de calcul d’intervalles de confiance pour la moyenne. Les intervalles de confiance bases sur la vraisemblance du modele binomial negatif sont, de loin, preferables a des methodes plus classiques comme la methode de Student. Par ailleurs, ces deux etudes ont revele que certains problemes d’estimation etaient previsibles, a travers l’observation de statistiques simples des echantillons comme le nombre total d’individus, ou le nombre de comptages non-nuls. En consequence, nous avons compare la methode d’echantillonnage a taille fixe, a une methode sequentielle, ou l’on echantillonne jusqu’a observer un nombre minimum d’individus ou un nombre minimum de comptages non-nuls. Nous avons ainsi montre que l’echantillonnage sequentiel ameliore l’estimation du parametre de dispersion mais induit un biais dans l’estimation de la moyenne ; neanmoins, il represente une amelioration des intervalles de confiance estimes pour la moyenne. Ainsi, ce travail quantifie les erreurs d’estimation de la moyenne et de la dispersion dans le cas de donnees de comptage surdispersees, compare certaines methodes d’estimations, et aboutit a des recommandations pratiques en termes de methodes d’echantillonnage et d’estimation.
Communications in Mathematical Physics Rational Recursion Operators for Integrable Differential – Difference Equations

In this paper we introduce the concept of preHamiltonian pairs of difference operators, demonstrate their connections with Nijenhuis operators and give a criteria for the existence of weakly nonlocal inverse recursion operators for differential–difference equations. We begin with a rigorous setup of the problem in terms of the skew field of rational (pseudo–difference) operators over a difference field with a zero characteristic subfield of constants and the principal ideal ring of matrix rational (pseudo–difference) operators. In particular, we give a criteria for a rational operator to be weakly nonlocal. A difference operator is called preHamiltonian, if its image is a Lie subalgebra with respect to the Lie bracket on the difference field. Two preHamiltonian operators form a preHamiltonian pair if any linear combination of them is preHamiltonian. Then we show that a preHamiltonian pair naturally leads to a Nijenhuis operator, and a Nijenhuis operator can be represented in terms of a preHamiltonian pair. This provides a systematic method to check whether a rational operator is Nijenhuis. As an application, we construct a preHamiltonian pair and thus a Nijenhuis recursion operator for the differential–difference equation recently discovered by Adler and Postnikov. The Nijenhuis operator obtained is not weakly nonlocal. We prove that it generates an infinite hierarchy of local commuting symmetries. We also illustrate our theory on the well known examples including the Toda, the Ablowitz–Ladik, and the Kaup–Newell differential–difference equations.
Convection Self‐Aggregation in CNRM‐CM6‐1: Equilibrium and Transition Sensitivity to Surface Temperature

This study investigates the spontaneous self‐aggregation of convection in non‐rotating Radiative‐Convective Equilibrium (RCE) simulations performed by the CNRM‐CM6‐1 General Circulation Model within the framework of the RCE Model Intercomparison Project (RCEMIP). In this model, the level of convection self‐aggregation at equilibrium, as quantified by metrics based on moisture or moist static energy, strongly increases with sea surface temperature (SST). As it gets warmer, the troposphere gets drier, high cloud cover diminishes in dry regions, the top of high cloud rises and their thickness increases in moist regions, and low‐cloud cover increases. At high SSTs, the large‐scale circulation exhibits a shallow component, stronger than its deep counterpart. The transition toward self‐aggregation has a similar first 20‐day phase for all SSTs within the 295–305 K range. It primarily involves radiative positive feedback processes. Then, for SSTs above approximately 298 K, a new, slower, transition toward higher levels of self‐aggregation occurs. It is concomitant with a shift from a top‐heavy to a more bottom‐heavy large‐scale circulation, a strengthening of the shallow circulation and a reduced mobility of convective aggregates. This second transition is mostly driven by the dry regions, still involves longwave radiative positive feedbacks, but also advective positive feedbacks in the driest regions. It is argued that boundary‐layer radiative cooling difference between moist and dry regions, which is stronger at high SSTs, is instrumental in this second phase of self‐aggregation. The sensitivity of deep convection to environmental dry air also likely acts as a positive feedback on the system.
A Consideration of Transpersonal Research Methods for Studying Yoga and Mindfulness in Schools

Over the past decade, interest in yoga and mindfulness in schools has grown tremendously, with preliminary research suggesting that these interventions may have a variety of positive effects on youth. However, some quantitative studies of school-based yoga and mindfulness have reported null and/or counterintuitive effects, such as increases in perceived stress, negative affect and psychological symptoms. In addition, some mixed-methods studies that combined quantitative and qualitative approaches have found inconsistent results, with the quantitative outcomes failing to show statistical significance, while students report benefits of yoga and mindfulness in qualitative interviews/focus groups. These inconsistent findings suggest that the field of school-based yoga and mindfulness may benefit from a consideration of additional research approaches, such as transpersonal research methods, to study the potential effects of these interventions. Transpersonal research methods were developed within the field of transpersonal psychology as an alternative approach to studying the nature of inner experiences, particularly transpersonal and spiritual experiences. The current paper re-envisions a previously published study of a school-based yoga intervention through the lens of transpersonal research methods, with the intention of providing researchers with examples and inspiration to enrich their studies of school-based yoga and mindfulness. By combining transpersonal research methods with traditional quantitative and qualitative approaches, scientists have the potential to provide a richer and more complex evaluation of yoga and mindfulness in schools.
ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIBIOFILM ACTIVITIES OF Swietenia macrophylla King ETHANOLIC EXTRACT AGAINST FOODBORNE PATHOGENS

Swietenia macrophylla is known to possess several medicinal uses, however, its antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against foodborne pathogens remain not well investigated. The present work was performed to examine the phytochemical compounds, antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of S. macrophylla ethanolic extract (SMEE) against four foodborne pathogens namely, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Shigella sonnei ATCC 33862 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145. The phytochemical analysis of SMEE was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry while the antibacterial activities of SMEE were determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. On the other hand, the antibiofilm and time-killing activities of SMME were evaluated using a crystal violet assay. The result demonstrated that SMEE contained major phytochemical compounds such as olean-12-ene (27.37%), resorcinol (16.45%), 24-noroleana-3,12-diene (13.4%), and germanicol (11.50%). The MIC values of SMEE ranged from 31.25 to 500 µg/mL, while all the MBC values were found to be greater than 1000 µg/mL. At the 12 h exposure to SMEE, all the biofilms were inhibited by 50% except E. coli. Biofilm inhibitory concentration (BIC50) values of SMEE ranged between 5.19 and 42.47 µg/mL. In conclusion, S. macrophylla is a promising source of natural antibacterial and antibiofilm agents to treat foodborne diseases.
Motion in time-periodic backgrounds with applications to ultralight dark matter halos at galactic centers

We consider motion in spherically symmetric but time-dependent backgrounds. This problem is of interest, for example, in the context of ultralight dark matter, where galactic haloes produce a time-dependent and periodic gravitational potential. We study the properties of motion of stars in such spacetimes, for different field strengths and frequency, and including dissipative effects. We show that orbital resonances may occur and that spectroscopic emission lines from stars in these geometries exhibit characteristic, periodic modulation patterns. In addition, we work out a fully relativistic and weak-field description of a special class of time-periodic geometries, that of scalar oscillatons. When applied to the galactic center, our results indicate that the motion of S2-like stars may carry distinguishable observational imprints of ultra-light dark matter.
Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-Luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). III. Star formation properties of the host galaxies at z ∼ 6 studied with ALMA

We present our ALMA Cycle 4 measurements of the [CII] emission line and the underlying far-infrared (FIR) continuum emission from four optically low-luminosity ($M_{\rm 1450} > -25$) quasars at $z \gtrsim 6$ discovered by the Subaru Hyper Suprime Cam (HSC) survey. The [CII] line and FIR continuum luminosities lie in the ranges $L_{\rm [CII]} = (3.8-10.2) \times 10^8~L_\odot$ and $L_{\rm FIR} = (1.2-2.0) \times 10^{11}~L_\odot$, which are at least one order of magnitude smaller than those of optically-luminous quasars at $z \gtrsim 6$. We estimate the star formation rates (SFR) of our targets as $\simeq 23-40~M_\odot ~{\rm yr}^{-1}$. Their line and continuum-emitting regions are marginally resolved, and found to be comparable in size to those of optically luminous quasars, indicating that their SFR or likely gas mass surface densities (key controlling parameter of mass accretion) are accordingly different. The $L_{\rm [CII]}/L_{\rm FIR}$ ratios of the hosts, $\simeq (2.2-8.7) \times 10^{-3}$, are fully consistent with local star-forming galaxies. Using the [CII] dynamics, we derived their dynamical masses within a radius of 1.5-2.5 kpc as $\simeq (1.4-8.2) \times 10^{10}~M_\odot$. By interpreting these masses as stellar ones, we suggest that these faint quasar hosts are on or even below the star-forming main sequence at $z \sim 6$, i.e., they appear to be transforming into quiescent galaxies. This is in contrast to the optically luminous quasars at those redshifts, which show starburst-like properties. Finally, we find that the ratios of black hole mass to host galaxy dynamical mass of the most of low-luminosity quasars including the HSC ones are consistent with the local value. The mass ratios of the HSC quasars can be reproduced by a semi-analytical model that assumes merger-induced black hole-host galaxy evolution.
Does Temperature Matter? Case Study of International Tourist Arrivals in Indonesia

Climate is one of several elements that can impact tourist decisions when deciding where to go on vacation. The climate of a country can influences the desirability of a trip in either a favorable or bad way. However, few studies look at the impact of temperature on tourist decisions, particularly in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the impact of temperature on the arrival of foreign tourists in Indonesia. In the period 2017-2019, the authors used panel data from 168 countries of origin of tourists. To ensure that the research findings were consistent, all models were used, including the Ordinary Least Square, Fixed Effect Model, and Random Effect Model. The findings reveal that the temperature of a tourist's home country has a detrimental impact on their arrival in Indonesia. GDP per capita and the population of the nation of origin have a beneficial effect on foreign tourist arrivals as control factors. Distance, on the other hand, has a detrimental impact.
Discrepancies in the ages of young star clusters; evidence for mergers?

There is growing evidence that star clusters can no longer be considered simple stellar populations (SSPs). Intermediate and old age clusters are often found to have extended main sequence turn-offs (eMSTOs) which are difficult to explain with single age isochrones, an effect attributed to rotation. In this paper, we provide the first characterisation of this effect in young (<20Myr) clusters. We determine ages for 4 young massive clusters (2 LMC, 2 Galactic) by three different methods: using the brightest single turn-off (TO) star; using the luminosity function (LF) of the TO; and by using the lowest $L_{\rm bol}$ red supergiant (RSG). The age found using the cluster TO is consistently younger than the age found using the lowest RSG $L_{\rm bol}$. Under the assumption that the lowest luminosity RSG age is the `true' age, we argue that the eMSTOs of these clusters cannot be explained solely by rotation or unresolved binaries. We speculate that the most luminous stars above the TO are massive blue straggler stars formed via binary interaction, either as mass gainers or merger products. Therefore, using the cluster TO method to infer ages and initial masses of post-main sequence stars such as Wolf-Rayet stars, luminous blue variables and RSGs, will result in ages inferred being too young and masses too high.
Using Cepheids to determine the galactic abundance gradient - III. First results for the outer disc

As a continuation of our previous work, which concerned the radial abundance distribution in the galactic disc over the distances 4–10 kpc this paper presents the first results on the metallicity in the outer disc ($R_{\rm G} > 10$ kpc). Based on high-resolution spectra obtained for 19 distant Cepheids we sampled galactocentric distances from 10 to 12 kpc. Combined with the results of our previous work on the inner and middle parts of the galactic disc, the present data enable one to study the structure of the radial abundance distribution over a large baseline. In particular, we find indications of a discontinuity in the radial abundance distribution for iron as well as a number of the other elements. The discontinuity is seen at a galactocentric distance $R_{\rm G} = 10$ kpc. This finding supports the results reported earlier by Twarog et al. ([CITE]).
Non-Abelian Harmonic Analysis : Applications of SL (2,R)

This book discusses the representation theory of the group SL(2, R), and some applications of this theory. The emphasis is in fact on the applications, some of which are outside representation theory and some are to representation theory itself. The topics outside representation theory are mostly of substantial classical importance (Fourier analysis, Laplace equation, Huyghen's Principle, Ergodic theory), while those inside representation theory mostly concern themes that have been central to Harish-Chandra's development of harmonic analysis on semisimple groups. This mix of topics should appeal to non-specialists in representation theory by illustrating how the theory can offer new perspectives on familiar topics, and by offering some insight into some important themes in representation theory itself.
Public Memory: The Politics of Remembering and Forgetting

ABSTRACT The theoretical and practical relationship between memory and forgetting are often separated as rhetorical acts of history. However, this separation may fail to account for the important interconnectedness of the two terms. Public memory and forgetting raise significant implications for philosophy of communication. The increased and “unprecedented politicization of memory” increasingly bears witness to a “complex” interaction and “public engagement with memory”. Understanding the human role in public memory, this project seeks to review scholarly work that frames remembering and forgetting as a dialogue situated in the public sphere.