Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Irrigation Scheduling with Planned Soil Water Depletion

A two-year study was initiated in the spring of 1990 on a Keith silt loam soil (Aridic Argiustoll) in northwest Kansas to determine if irrigation scheduling with planned soil water depletion could be used successfully for irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) as a method of conserving and protecting groundwater resources without reducing yields. The study was conducted using surface irrigation in small dead-level basins. Planned soil water depletion was attempted by allowing a small additional daily deficit (0, 1, or 2 mm/day) to accumulate in irrigation amounts as scheduled by an evapotranspiration (ET)-based water budget. The daily deficit amounts were imposed on three irrigation levels, heavy (1.25 ¥ ET), normal (1.00 ¥ ET), and deficit (0.75 ¥ ET) which represented a range of management by irrigators. The plant-available soil water at physiological maturity was related linearly to irrigation amounts. However, the plant-available soil water at physiological maturity was reduced by only 25 mm for each 100 mm reduction in irrigation. Imposition of a small daily deficit of 1 mm/day after tasseling resulted in yield reductions of 7, 1, and 3% for the heavy, normal, and deficit irrigation management levels, respectively. The 1 mm/day deficit resulted in irrigation savings of approximately 12, 9, and 0% for the three respective irrigation management levels and generally resulted in slight reductions in available soil water at physiological maturity. In some cases, the imposition of the 1 mm/day deficit had little effect on the total seasonal irrigation amount, but simply shifted the irrigation event to a later date. The larger 2 mm/day daily deficit after tasseling reduced yields by 7, 9, and 15% for the three respective irrigation levels and reduced irrigation amounts by 19, 26, and 25%. Yields were related linearly to irrigation and water use with a reduction in irrigation or water use reflected by yield reductions. Water use efficiencies were similar whether planned soil water depletion was used or not. Therefore, from a water conservation standpoint, irrigation scheduling with planned soil water depletion was not justified.
Allosteric Determinants of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Binding with Nanobodies: Examining Mechanisms of Mutational Escape and Sensitivity of the Omicron Variant

Structural and biochemical studies have recently revealed a range of rationally engineered nanobodies with efficient neutralizing capacity against SARS-CoV-2 virus and resilience against mutational escape. In this study, we performed a comprehensive computational analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer complexes with Nb6, VHH E and bi-paratopic VHH VE nanobodies. We combined atomistic dynamics and collective motions analysis with binding free energy scanning, perturbation-response scanning and network centrality analysis to examine mechanisms of nanobody-induced allosteric modulation and cooperativity in the SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer complexes with these nanobodies. By quantifying energetic and allosteric determinants of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding with nanobodies, we also examined nanobody-induced modulation of escaping mutations and the effect of the Omicron variant on nanobody binding. The mutational scanning analysis supported the notion that E484A mutation can have a significant detrimental effect on nanobody binding and result in Omicron-induced escape from nanobody neutralization. Our findings showed that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein may exploit plasticity of specific allosteric hotspots to generate escape mutants that alter response to binding without compromising activity. The network analysis supported these findings showing that VHH VE nanobody binding can induce long-range couplings between the cryptic binding epitope and ACE2-binding site through a broader ensemble of communication paths that is less dependent on specific mediating centers and therefore may be less sensitive to mutational perturbations of functional residues. The results suggest that binding affinity and long-range communications of the SARS-CoV-2 complexes with nanobodies can be determined by structurally stable regulatory centers and conformationally adaptable hotspots that are allosterically coupled and collectively control resilience to mutational escape.
Increasing the Sensitivity of Control Chart for Fraction Nonconforming

Abstract This paper discusses an easy approach for increasing the sensitivity of the p chart by incorporating runs rules. A method for calculating the exact control limits for the various standardized p chart schemes incorporating runs rules is shown. Simple mathematical calculations reveal that the performances of all p chart schemes incorporating runs rules are superior to that of the standard approach. These calculations enable practitioners to determine the average run length (ARL) value that corresponds to a certain level of fraction nonconforming, p 1, based on a standard or known predefined proportion of nonconforming items, p 0. Examples are given to illustrate the application of the procedures discussed.
The Impact Of Islamic Corporate Governance And Tabarru’ Fund On The Level Of Sharia Insurance Health

The purpose of this study to determine the impact of the number of sharia supervisory board, the number of the board of directors, the number of audit committees, and the Tabarru fund on the financial health level of Islamic insurance companies. This research was conducted on Sharia General Insurance companies and Sharia Life Insurance companies in Southeast Asia during the 2015-2019 period. The results of this research stated that the number of Sharia Supervisory Boards has a negative impact on the level of financial health, the number of the Board of Directors has a positive impact on the level of financial health, while the number of audit committees and the amount of Tabarru Funds has no impact on the level of financial health.
INVOLVING READERS IN WRITING: AN ANALYSIS OF IDEAS DEVELOPMENT IN SELECTED FEMALE STUDENTS’ ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAYS

Studies that discovered females maintain a friendly relation in a conversation have encouraged the author of this paper to explore how female writers develop their ideas in writing. In specific, this paper aims to see how female students develop their ideas in argumentative essays. This paper also attempts to present the variation of transition signals used by the students as one of the strategies to create coherence in their essays. The object of this study is the argumentative essays composed by the female students of English literature study program at Mulawarman University. Using content analysis technique, the selected argumentative essays written by female students who enrolled in academic writing course were analyzed to see the way these students developed their ideas from introductory, body, and concluding paragraphs in the essays. To see how the students maintain the coherence in the essays, the analysis toward the use of transition signal was done. The results provide the information that the pattern of ideas development that mostly found in female students’ argumentative essays is initiated by the elaboration of arguments and supporting evidence before the refutation of opposition’s points. For the transition signals, the results of the analysis showed that most of the selected essays presented various transition signals in its introductory, body, and conclusion
Pandemic reminders as psychological threat: thinking about COVID-19 lowers coping self-Efficacy among trauma-exposed adults

ABSTRACT Reminders of COVID-related problems have been pervasive throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Such reminders could have negative mental health impacts, especially among psychologically vulnerable people, including those with trauma-related problems. We experimentally examined the effects of pandemic reminders among trauma-exposed participants sampled from Prolific (N = 238). Participants were induced to think about health-related or social isolation-related aspects of COVID-19 or their favourite TV show and existential anxiety and coping self-efficacy (CSE) were then assessed. Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) related to a prior stressor and COVID-related functional impairment were assessed as potential moderators of reactions to pandemic reminders. Results showed that both types of pandemic reminders lowered CSE among participants with either higher PTSS or COVID-related functional impairment. Pandemic reminders did not significantly affect existential anxiety. These findings suggest that reminders of the COVID-19 pandemic may undermine the mental health of psychologically vulnerable populations.
Bearing capacity of single stone column in clay using finite element limit analysis

Abstract Stone columns are used as an efficient ground improvement technique, which could increase the bearing capacity of native soft soil, reduce settlement, increase rate of consolidation and mitigate liquefaction potential. In this study, the finite element limit analysis (FELA) with the adaptive mesh, including both upper bound and lower bound approaches, was applied for prediction of ultimate bearing capacity of single stone column. It was observed that a critical slenderness ratio exists in which the failure mechanism changes from punching to bulging. An equation was derived for prediction of the critical slenderness ratio as a function of cohesion of the native clayey soil and friction angle of the stone column. A two-criteria equation is also presented to predict the ultimate bearing capacity of single stone column under both punching and bulging mechanisms. Moreover, the effect of footing roughness on the ultimate bearing capacity of the stone column was investigated. It was observed that the influence of footing roughness is more significant for bulging-type failure. The results of this study are also compared with some of the previously published analyses in the literature.
DISCUSSION CIRCLE FOR THE TEACHING-LEARNING OF STATISTICS

Conceptual appropriation is central to the teaching-learning and development processes. The intellectual stage is expressed by writing, verbalization and the use of the object under construction, among other means of expression. This paper discusses the conceptual appropriation by means of the creation of collaborative situations in which the argumentative language mediates the construction of knowledge. Supported by Vygotsky’s cultural-historical theory, Discussion Circle is an activity that consists of presenting some conceptual questions for the class to discuss in small groups initially, and then in a larger group, as a general meeting. Hence, we present the central ideas and theoretical support for the development of this activity and comment on a practice that took place during a course of Basic Statistics, part of the Teaching Program in Mathematics. Results indicate the conceptual development of students, which allows for the improvement of elementary school mathematics’ teacher education in terms of statistics studies, which is a strategic matter of importance for the broadening of society’s knowledge about this area. Abstract: Portuguese No processo de ensino-aprendizagem e desenvolvimento, a apropriação conceitual é central. O estágio intelectual se expressa, entre outras formas, pela escrita, verbalização e uso do objeto em construção. Este artigo discute a apropriação conceitual por meio da criação de situações colaborativas em que a linguagem da argumentação medeia a construção do conhecimento. A atividade Roda de Conversa, apoiada na teoria Histórico-Cultural de Vygotsky, consiste em propor algumas questões conceituais para a classe discutir, inicialmente em pequenos grupos e, a seguir, em uma reunião geral. Apresentamos as ideias centrais e os suportes teóricos para o desenvolvimento dessa atividade e comentamos sobre uma realização prática ocorrida em uma disciplina de Estatística Básica do curso de Licenciatura em Matemática. Os resultados encontrados indicam o desenvolvimento conceitual dos estudantes, colaborando com a melhoria da formação estatística do professor de Matemática da Educação Básica, questão estratégica na ampliação do conhecimento da sociedade sobre a área.
Factors maximizing tax auditors’ performance: Study on Indonesian Directorate General of Taxes

The purpose of this study is to investigate factors that affect tax auditors’ performance, including the moderating role of work environment. The saturated sampling technique was employed as a sampling technique. Of the 166 tax auditors of the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) in Riau Region as respondents, 132 questionnaires were returned, fulfilled the requirements, and were complete. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the first, second, and third hypotheses. However, moderated regression analysis was used for the fourth, fifth, and sixth hypotheses testing. The multiple regression analysis results showed that organizational commitment and job satisfaction have a positive effect on the tax auditors’ performance with a p-value for each 0.014 and 0.006. This indicates that the higher the organizational commitment and job satisfaction of the tax auditors, the better their performance. Meanwhile, job stress was found to have a negative effect on the tax auditors’ performance (p-value is 0.006); therefore, the higher the job stresses, the lower the performance. The results also found that work environment as a pure moderator strengthens the effect of organizational commitment on tax auditors’ performance (p-values of Z and X1Z each are 0.279 and 0.000). Meanwhile, work environment as a quasi-moderator also strengthens the effect of job satisfaction with p-values of Z 0.000 and X2Z 0.580. Work environment also moderates and strengthens the effect of job stress on the tax auditors’ performance with p-values of Z 0.000 and X3Z 0.597.
Level of Knowledge of Agricultural Science Graduate Students about Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Practices of Agriculture

Climate change (CC) is a global environmental problem and source of concern. Effective planning and implementation of CC mitigation and adaptation may arise from knowledge of its causes and effects. Therefore, dissemination of knowledge is highly important for ensuring that the knowledge grows and spreads amongst the various stakeholders and that it is turned into action. The students of today are the leaders and policy makers of tomorrow. They will effectively serve as change agents once their knowledge base has been well established. This study provides analysis of graduate students' level of knowledge of CC, its nature, causes, effects, mitigation, and adaptation. The study population was 57 agricultural science master's students in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences in Jarash University, Jordan, and the sample consisted of 50 of those students. The study used online test as the knowledge assessment and data collection tool. Frequency distribution analysis uncovered that the sample students possess high level of general knowledge of CC, moderate level of knowledge of mitigation of CC, and high level of knowledge of adaptation to CC. As to the three investigated facets of general knowledge of CC, these students have high levels of knowledge of the nature and the effects of CC and moderate level of knowledge of its causes. These findings contribute to understanding of students' knowledge achievements and gaps and of the need for curricular reform in terms of structure and content that can be shared by agricultural science faculties around the World with similar CC graduate programs.
Design implications of high-speed digital PPM

Work in the area of digital pulse position modulation (digital PPM) has shown that this type of modulation can yield sensitivities that are typically 4 - 5 dB better than an equivalent PCM system. Recent experimental work has shown that the receiver in a digital PPM system does not need to have a wide bandwidth. Instead, the bandwidth can be very low so that the receiver is effectively impulsed by the digital PPM signal. The advent of very high speed Si digital ICs, and fast lasers, means that digital PPM can now be used to code gigabit PCM signals. This paper presents original theoretical results for a digital PPM system coding 1 Gbit/s PCM signals into 8 Gbit/s digital PPM signals. The paper also addresses the difficulties that the system designer is likely to encounter, and discusses some possible solutions.
A conformal spherical–circular microstrip antenna: Axisymmetric excitation by an electric dipole

ABSTRACT: A mathematically accurate method of analysis of a spheri - cal-disk antenna conformally printed on a dielectric-co ¤ ered metallicsphere is presented. The antenna is fed by a radial coaxial probesimulated by an electric dipole. The solution consists of reducing theboundary- ¤ alue problem to the dual-series equations, and further to aregularized inﬁnite-matrix equation. This procedure is based on theanalytical in ¤ ersion of the static part of the problem of a disk in freespace, and results in a stable and fast algorithm with a guaranteedcon ¤ ergence. Numerical data on the basic antenna characteristics arepresented. Q 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt TechnolLett 26: 176]182, 2000. Key words: spherical disk; conformal antenna; dual-series equations;analytical regularization; directi ¤ ity 1. INTRODUCTION Metallic circular disks printed on dielectric substrates areused frequently in patch antenna technology. Conformalprinted antennas are necessary in automotive and airbornecommunications and radar due to their low proﬁle and lightweight. In this paper, the problem of modeling of aspherical-disk conformal printed antenna is considered as-suming an excitation by a coaxial probe. The probe is mod-eled by a radial electric dipole RED located at the surface. of the metal sphere covered with dielectric. From a theoreti-cal point of view, such a geometry is a canonical one for awide class of conformal patch antennas. Previously, similarproblems have been analyzed by direct applications of themethod of moments 1, 2 . However, convergence of thesewxnumerical approximations is not uniformly guaranteed, espe-cially if narrow resonances are present 3 . Patch antennaswxare essentially resonant devices; hence, this must be kept inmind when developing an accurate simulation software. Wepropose an exact mathematical method based on the analyti-cal inversion of the free-space static problem for a sphericaldisk 4, 5 that has been used previously in the analysis ofwxcavity-backed apertures and reﬂector antennas 6wx]8 . Thismethod belongs to the broad family of techniques collectivelycalled the method of analytical regularization 9 that arewxremarkable for stable and fast numerical solutions.
Effects of controlling the interface trap densities in InGaZnO thin-film transistors on their threshold voltage shifts

In this paper, the threshold voltage stability characteristics of indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFT) are discussed. The IGZO TFTs were found to induce a parallel threshold voltage (Vth) shift with changing field effect mobility (μFE) or a sub-threshold gate voltage swing (SS) due to various thermal annealing conditions. The IGZO TFT that was post-annealed in an O2 ambient was found to be more stable for use in oxide-based TFT devices and to have better performance characteristics, such as the on/off current ratio (Ion/off ), SS, and Vth, than other TFTs did. The mechanism for improving the Vth stability in the post-annealed IGZO TFT is a decrease in the number of trap sites for the electrons and the weak oxygen bonding in the IGZO thin films. The device’s performance could be significantly affected by adjusting the annealing conditions. This mechanism is closely related to that of modulation annealing, where the number of localized trapped carriers and defect centers at the interface or in the channel layer are reduced.
Fuzzy procurement selection model for construction projects

Recent developments in procurement selection systems are reviewed and this reveals contradiction and conflict with previous work. A mathematical rank model called fuzzy procurement selection model (FPSM) is proposed to adapt to local circumstances. FPSM can be modified according to local conditions or requirements and the modification methods are well documented in previous work. The proposed model overcomes the continual arguments on establishing a set of universal criteria on procurement selection systems and provides a useful tool to cope with different project/client's requirements.
Hurting Stalemate or Mediation? The Conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh, 1990-95

The impacts of six attempts to mediate the conflict over the political status of Nagorno-Karabakh in the Caucasus region of the former Soviet Union were compared. Each mediation was intended to get the direct parties - Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Nagorno-Karabakh - to the negotiating table. Nearly 4,000 events were recorded for a six-year period from 1990 through 1995. Each event was coded in terms of a six-step scale ranging from a significant action toward peace (+3) to substantial violence directed at an adversary (-3). Time-series analyses of changes in the extent of violence showed no change from before to after any of the mediations. A significant change did occur, however, between the months preceding and following the period of intensive combat between April 1993 and February 1994. These results support the hypothesis that a mutually hurting stalemate is a condition for negotiating a ceasefire and reduced violence between warring parties. A number of theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Polymer memristor for information storage and neuromorphic applications

Polymermaterials have been considered as promising candidates for the implementation of memristor devices due to their low-cost, easy solution processability, mechanical flexibility and ductibility, tunable electronic performance through innovative molecular design cum synthesis strategy and compatibility with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology as well. The digital-type polymer memristor behaves as resistive random access memory with non-volatility, high density, more speed, low power consumption, large ON/OFF ratio, high endurance and long retention, and is recognized as an appealing candidate for the next generation "universal memory". As a logic component, the analog-type memristor, with the ability to emulate the fundamental synaptic functions of short-term/long-term plasticity (STP/LTP), spike-timing dependent-plasticity (STDP), spike-rate dependent plasticity (SRDP) and "learningexperience" behaviors, can be used to construct artificial neural networks for neuromorphic computation. In this review, we shall attempt to summarize the recent progress in research on the materials, switching characteristics and mechanism aspects of two terminal polymer memristors, for both information storage and neuromorphic applications that inspire great interest in the industrial and academic communities.