Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Financial Literacy On Capital Aspect With Financial Inclusion As A Moderation Variable

This study aims to determine the effect of financial literacy on the aspects of capital with financial inclusion as a moderating variable in the Salatiga City MSMEs. This research was conducted at UMKM Salatiga City. The research sample was 105 respondents. This study uses a quantitative approach. The data collected from research is based on questionnaire distribution with a model of determining the sample using random sampling. The data analysis technique used is moderation regression analysis to test the hypothesis with the help of a computer SPSS program. Based on the results of this study, it shows that financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on the capital aspect. And the financial inclusion variable is able to strengthen the relationship between financial literacy and the capital aspects of MSMEs in the City of Salatiga.Keywords: Financial Literacy, Financial Inclusion, Capital Aspects
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE BOMBAY DUCK, HARPODON NEHEREUS (HAM.), OFF SAURASHTRA COAST

The growth parameters estimated for H.nehereus are K=0.7618, L =425^ mm and t„=0.00789 yrs. The total mortality coefficient (Z) varied between 2.331 and 3.168 during 1979-'84. Yield per recruit (Yw/ R) was estimated at 10.819g at F max 1.048. The size at first capture is very low (0.21 year), however, there is no possibility to fish dose to optimum age at exploitation (ty) in view of low catch registered in the-higher sized mesh dal net of 30 and 40mm. The estimated maximum sustainable yield (MSY) was at 44,0661 and the average yield was 44,0641 along the Saurashtra coast. In view of high Z during February to May and low percentage of commercial sized fish, suitable management strategy to be adopted are discussed in the paper.
Cushing’s syndrome: epidemiology and developments in disease management

: Cushing’s syndrome is a rare disorder resulting from prolonged exposure to excess glucocorticoids. Early diagnosis and treatment of Cushing’s syndrome is associated with a decrease in morbidity and mortality. Clinical presentation can be highly variable, and establishing the diagnosis can often be difficult. Surgery (resection of the pituitary or ectopic source of adrenocorticotropic hormone, or unilateral or bilateral adrenalectomy) remains the optimal treatment in all forms of Cushing’s syndrome, but may not always lead to remission. Medical therapy (steroidogenesis inhibitors, agents that decrease adrenocorticotropic hormone levels or glucocorticoid receptor antagonists) and pituitary radiotherapy may be needed as an adjunct. A multidisciplinary approach, long-term follow-up, and treatment modalities customized to each individual are essential for optimal control of hypercortisolemia and management of comorbidities. Clinical Epidemiology is an international, peer-reviewed, open access, online journal focusing on disease and drug epidemiology, identification of risk factors and screening procedures to develop optimal pre- ventative initiatives and programs. Specific topics include: diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, screening, prevention, risk factor modification, systematic reviews, risk & safety of medical interventions, epidemiol- ogy & biostatistical methods, and evaluation of guidelines, translational medicine, health policies & economic evaluations. The manuscript management system is completely online and includes a very quick and fair peer-review system, which is all easy to use.
Lithospheric structure of the continent–continent collision zone: eastern Turkey

SUMMARY We infer the lithospheric structure in eastern Turkey using teleseismic and regional events recorded by 29 broad-band stations from the Eastern Turkey Seismic Experiment (ETSE). We combine the surface wave group velocities (Rayleigh and Love) with telesesimic receiver functions to jointly invert for the S-wave velocity structure, Moho depth and mantle-lid (lithospheric mantle) thickness. We also estimated the transverse anisotropy due to Love and Rayleigh velocity discrepancies. We found anomalously low shear wave velocities underneath the Anatolian Plateau. Average crustal thickness is 36 km in the Arabian Plate, 44 km in Anatolian Block and 48 km in the Anatolian Plateau. We observe very low shear wave velocities at the crustal portion (30‐38 km) of the northeastern part of the Anatolian Plateau. The lithospheric mantle thickness is either not thick enough to resolve it or it is completely removed underneath the Anatolian Plateau. The shear velocities and anisotropy down to 100 km depth suggest that the average lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary in the Arabian Plate is about 90 and 70 km in Anatolian block. Adding the surface waves to the receiver functions is necessary to constrain the trade-off between velocity and the thickness. We find slower velocities than with the receiver function data alone. The study reveals three different lithospheric structures in eastern Turkey: the Anatolian plateau (east of Karliova Triple Junction), the Anatolian block and the northernmost portion of the Arabian plate. The boundary of lithospheric structure differences coincides with the major tectonic boundaries.
Physical Response of the Tropical–Subtropical North Atlantic Ocean to Decadal–Multidecadal Forcing by African Dust

Dust storms are a persistent feature of the tropical North Atlantic and vary over a wide range of temporal scales. While it is well known that mineral aerosols alter the local radiative fluxes, far less is understood about the oceanic response to such forced changes to the radiative budget, particularly on long time scales. This studyuses an observation-basedclimatology of dust surfaceforcing andan ocean generalcirculation modelto examine the influence of anomalous atmospheric dust cover over the tropical North Atlantic on upper ocean temperatureand circulation during1955‐2008.It is found thatsurface temperature anomaliesfrom themodel experiments are forced primarily by local radiation-induced changes to the surface heat budget. The subsurface temperature anomalies are additionally influenced by upper ocean circulation anomalies, which are the response to dust-forced steric changes in dynamic height. The results herein suggest that on decadal time scales dust-forced variability of ocean surface and subsurface temperatures are of a magnitude comparable to observed variability. On longer time scales dust-forced sea surface temperature anomalies vary in phase with the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation, implying that tropical North Atlantic multidecadal variability is related to changes in dust emissions from West Africa.
Origin of water cluster ions in the D region

Laboratory studies of the ions produced by the addition of water vapor into flowing streams of O2+ (or NO+) ions have led to a vapor phase reaction scheme starting with O2+ that seems likely to be responsible for the formation of the observed water cluster ions H3O+, H5O2+, H7O3+, etc. in the D region of the earth's ionosphere. Experimental difficulties have precluded quantitative rate constant measurements so far, and in addition the D-region water vapor concentration is uncertain so that only a qualitative scheme is possible at this time. The O2(¹Δg) photoionization source recently proposed by Hunten and McElroy is presumed to be the necessary precursor O2+ source. The reaction scheme involves O4+ and O2+·H2O as intermediate ions; these ions are possibly present in observable concentrations in the D region. Nitrous acid (HNO2) production is proposed to be an end result of successive hydrations of atmospheric NO+. The hydration of the atmospheric NO+ and O2+ ions and the formation of O4+ are expected to increase somewhat the effective electron recombination coefficient in the ionosphere.
Planetary scale modulations in aerosol properties at Delhi, in the Indo‐Gangetic Plain: a quantitative analysis from intra‐seasonal to inter‐annual timescales

Analysis of the long‐term time‐series data on aerosol parameters at Delhi, an urban city in the western part of Indo‐Gangetic Plain (IGP), brought out certain interesting findings. The time‐series data are observed to be a complex function of different periodicities varying from intra‐seasonal to inter‐annual timescales. Detailed investigations of the periodicities in conjunction with the meteorological data demonstrated the prevalence of four periodicities such as intra‐seasonal (periodicities of ∼2–3 months, significant at shorter wavelengths), semi‐annual oscillation (SAO, ∼6 months), annual oscillation (AO, ∼12 months) and quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO, ∼2 years) and quasi‐triennial oscillation (QTO, ∼3 years) at the measurement site in varying amplitudes. The AO and SAO are the dominant components in the aerosol optical depth (AOD) as well as in the Angstrom parameters with a combined contribution of ∼40% to the climatological mean and are attributed to the changes in the prevailing meteorological conditions, which are conducive for either production, transport and/or size‐transformation processes. Among the inter‐annual variability in aerosol parameters, the most significant mode observed is the QTO and is found to be associated with the ENSO variability in the tropical pacific region. While the intra‐seasonal fluctuations (∼2–3 months) observed in AOD (at shorter wavelengths) are associated with the eastward propagating Madden–Julian oscillations (MJO) in the lower troposphere, the biennial variability is related with variability in the meteorology of the upper and lower atmospheric regions. Periodicity analysis on aerosol parameters is useful to determine its predictability in the atmosphere.
Trends in water market activity and price in the western United States

Over 2000 water market transactions that occurred in the western United States from 1990 to 2003 were examined to learn who sold to whom and for what purpose, how much water was involved, and how much it sold for. The transactions show that much more water changes hands via leases than via sales of water rights. Public agencies and irrigators are the most common lessors, with lessees being fairly evenly distributed across types of buyers. However, with water rights sales, irrigators are by far the most common sellers and municipalities the most common buyers. Across the West in general, the number of leases has been rising in recent years, as have their prices. The prices of water right sales have also been rising, but the number of sales has not. The price of water is highly variable both within and between western states, reflecting the localized nature of the factors that affect water prices.
Coseismic recrystallization during shallow earthquake slip

Solidified frictional melts, or pseudotachylytes, remain the only unambiguous indicator of seismic slip in the geological record. However, pseudotachylytes form at >5 km depth, and there are many rock types in which they do not form at all. We performed low- to high-velocity rock friction experiments designed to impose realistic coseismic slip pulses on calcite fault gouges, and report that localized dynamic recrystallization may be an easy-to-recognize microstructural indicator of seismic slip in shallow, otherwise brittle fault zones. Calcite gouges with starting grain size −1 , and total displacements between 1 and 4 m. At coseismic slip velocities ≥0.1 m s −1 , the gouges were cut by reflective principal slip surfaces lined by polygonal grains 2 + CaO. The recrystallized calcite aggregates resemble those found along the principal slip surface of the Garam thrust, South Korea, exhumed from
Recent Japanese Research on Relative Sea Level Changes in the Holocene and Related Problems

This paper reviews studies conducted between 1980 and 1988 on relative sea level changes and coastal evolution during the Holocene in Japan. The Japanese Working Group of IGCP Project 200, on “late Quaternary sea level changes, ” compiled the two-volume “Atlas of Sea Level Records in the late Quarternary in Japan” in 1987, which included materials related to this topic, based on papers published since 1980. The group also compiled the “Middle Holocene Shoreline Map of Japan (1:200, 000), which demonstrated the location of the middle Holocene shoreline with numerous data on height and radiocarbon age representing the sea level of that stage, and with 15 insets, considered to be typical examples of various types of study. Numbers of papers by year in terms of research field and study area are summarized in Figs. 1 and 2. Several review papers on sea level study have been also published in the last several years, in addition to local studies.Relative sea level curves published in the past 10 years are shown in Fig. 3. The curve patterns show noticeable local or regional differences, reflecting tectonic factors with a different amount and character in each area. Some areas characterized by a rather late culmination age of the postglacial transgression contrast with most of the Japanese coast, which has a culmination age of ca. 6, 000 to 6, 500y.B. P. Two minor fluctuations of Holocene sea level which were pointed out by OTA et al. (1982), have been recognized in several areas; a eustatic origin for such fluctuation is most likely, judging by the nearly coincident occurrence of climatic fluctuation revealed by pollen analyses, molluscan assemblage analyses and submarine core data.The following topics are discussed in particular detail in this paper: 1) Progress of excavation on the Holocene lowland and coral reefs, in order to obtain systematic samples for identification of marine limits and samples for analyses of various fossils and for dating. 2) Holocene marine terrace study with special reference to coseismic uplift and volcanic activity. 3) Identification of the former sea level on the rocky coast. Barnacles and tube worms (Pomatoleios kraussii) as sea level indicators are discussed, including problems with accuracy of radiocarbon dating. 4) Problems concerning the recognition and accuracy of former shorelines in the large alluvial plain. 5) The significance of small drowned valleys as a suitable field for the reconstruction of sea level change. 6) Climatic fluctuation during the Holocene, with relation to sea level fluctuation. 7) Increased overseas studies on Holocene sea level change by Japanese scientists.
Environmental factors affecting roost use of shorebirds in the southern Kanghwa Island, Republic of Korea

There are some factors affecting the shorebirds in selecting a coastal inland roost site where they have to stay during the high tide when the entire intertidal zone is covered with water. We investigated eight species (Eastern Curlews Numenius madagascariensis, Green Shanks Tringa nebularia, Bar-tailed Godwits Limosa lapponica, Grey Plovers Pluvialis squatarola, Dunlins Calidris alpine, Whimbrels Numenius phaeopus, Eurasian Curlews Numenius arquata and Terek Sandpipers Xenus cinereus) to identify the spatial and temporal variability in coastal inland roost use in the area and the factors influencing the use. We considered the area and length of the standing water in the roost site, temperature, wind speed, the time of migration and the intensity of disturbance. As a result, number of individuals and type of species using the roost site varied across spatial and temporal scales. And the factors affecting the roost use was species-specific. The roost site of the study area was a closed shrimp farm however, it has been converted to a Salicornia herbacea, a salt marsh plant, farm recently. In a situation where coastal inland roost site is needed, we hereby describe a resolution for the juxtaposition of shorebirds and farming.
Stratospheric aerosol optical depths, 1850–1990

A global stratospheric aerosol database employed for climate simulations is described. For the period 1883-1990, aerosol optical depths are estimated from optical extinction data, whose quality increases with time over that period. For the period 1850-1882, aerosol optical depths are more crudely estimated from volcanological evidence for the volume of ejecta from major known volcanoes. The data set is available over Internet.
Challege and Opportunities of Membrane Bioelctrochemical Reactors for Wastewater Treatment

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are potentially advantageous as an energy-efficient approach for wastewater treatment. Integrating membrane filtration with MFCs could be a viable option for advanced wastewater treatment with a low energy input. Such an integration is termed as membrane bioelectrochemical reactors (MBERs). Comparing to the conventional membrane bioreactors or anaerobic membrane bioreactors, MBER could be a competitive technology, due to the its advantages on energy consumption and nutrients removal. By installing the membrane in the cathodic compartment or applying granular activated carbon as fluidized bed materials, membrane fouling issue could be alleviated significantly. In order to drive MBER technology to become a more versatile platform, applying anion exchange membrane (AEM) could be an option for nutrients removal in MBERs. Wastewater can be reclaimed and reused for subsequent fermentation use after a series MFC-MBR treatment process. Such a synergistic configuration not only provide a solution for sustainable wastewater treatment, but also save water and chemical usage from other non-renewable resource. Integrating membrane process with microbial fuel cells through an external configuration provides another solution on sustainable wastewater treatment through a minimal maintenance requirement.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHWORMS IN THE PERTH METROPOLITAN AREA

Thirteen species of earthworm were collected on the coastal plain near metropolitan Perth between 1977 and 1980. Six of these species were introduced following European settlement in 1829. The present known distribution of each species in the metropolitan region is mapped at a scale of 1:400 000; that of the more common species in temperate Western Australia is mapped at a smaller scale (1:8 500 (00). All introduced species were found only in disturbed habitats (gardens, man-made parks, etc.) but only two of the seven native species were confined to undisturbed habitat, principally woodland or swampland. Settlement of the region by European man has resulted in the fragmentation of the range of some of the native species, but the replacement of woodland by gardens has enabled the introduced species to establish. It is unlikely that the local decline in distribution of native earthworm species in the metropolitan area is a result of the introduction of peregrine earthworm species. Each species is keyed out using external features.
Morphological and biochemical characteristics associated with powdery mildew resistance in M3 population of blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)

Powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni DC.) is one of the major diseases in blackgram during cold weather season which reduces up to 50 per cent of the yield. The present study deals with the morphological and biochemical characteristics such as trichome density, leaf thickness, stomatal density and total phenol, the enzyme activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in relation to powdery mildew resistance in blackgram. A total of 59 mutant families selected from the M2 population were raised as M3 based on powdery mildew score. Six mutant lines, viz., PM 27, PM 29, PM 48, PM 49, PM 42, PM 34 were identified as moderately resistant mutants against powdery mildew disease incidence based on field and glass house screening of visual scores. The resistant mutants showed higher trichome density, leaf thickness, total phenol content, the enzyme activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase lower total sugar content and stomatal density than susceptible control (CO 6). These results clearly indicated the operation of resistance reaction in the identified mutants. However, the resistant check LBG 17 showed more resistance than the mutants. As the LBG 17 was photosensitive making it unsuitable for cultivation in all the seasons, the resistant mutants identified in this study may be used as resistance sources in place of LBG 17 for powdery mildew resistance studies.
Angle of inclination affects the morphology and strength of bifurcations in hazel (Corylus avellana L.)

Loading from the wind and gravitational pull gives rise to adaptive growth in trees through the process of thigmomorphogenesis. In the case of bifurcations in trees set at varying angles from a vertical orientation, they will have developed under quite different loading regimes. However, previous studies do not agree as to the influence of angle upon the strength of such bifurcations. In this study, 97 bifurcations of hazel (Corylus avellana L.) were cut from a hazel coppice in Lancashire, England, based on collecting bifurcations whose arising branches were growing at a range of angles, from vertical (0°) to horizontal (90°). These bifurcations were then subjected to rupture tests until they failed, using a Lloyds EZ50® testing machine. It was found that as the angle of inclination increased from 0° to 90°, the arising branches formed above the bifurcation became 5% more elliptical in the vertical plane, theoretically increasing the bifurcation's bending strength in this plane by 2.5%. Similarly, the parent stems formed below the bifurcations became 14.6% more elliptical in cross section between the angles of 0° to 60° in inclination from the vertical, theoretically increasing the bending strength in the vertical plane by approximately 5%. The diameter ratio was also found to be a significant factor in determining bifurcation yield strength in the samples tested, predicting 23% of the variation in breaking stresses, but had a significantly negative relationship to angle of inclination. These findings provide a resolution to disagreements in former studies that analysed the effect of angle upon bifurcation strength in woody plants. It was concluded that a subtle adaptation to junction morphology occurs in response to additional gravitational loading in young bifurcations of hazel that are growing at angles diverging from the vertical.
Alpine proglacial stream temperature dynamics

This study was motivated by an interest in understanding the effects of glacier retreat on late summer stream temperatures in an above-treeline proglacial stream and lake system in the southern Coast Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. Fieldwork was carried out during August and September of 2007 and focused on thermal processes controlling water temperature in the proglacial lake and a 1 km alpine reach directly downstream of the lake outlet. The proglacial lake was small (0.07 km 2), featured a single inflow and outflow channel and had a residence time of approximately 4 days. The alpine reach featured continual cascading flow (25% channel gradient), marked diurnal fluctuations in discharge and variable terrain shading. It was found that warming between the inflow and outflow of the lake (1.8 °C, on average) was controlled by the total heat content of the lake and cycles of mixing and stratification. A heat budget analysis indicated that the heat content of the lake was dominantly controlled by absorbed shortwave radiation and the advective effect of the inflow and outflow streams. Application of a dynamic reservoir model (DYRESM) to model observed lake temperatures (inflow, outflow and a temperature-depth profile), and comparison to other studies, suggested that suspended sediment concentration in the inflow had a dominant control on lake mixing and stratification. Based on equations developed from low-gradient channels, a stream energy budget model failed to replicate observed downstream warming rates. A spatially distributed net radiation model, along with statistical modification of the energy budget, provided insight into the pro