Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrin α3β1 expressed by human colon cancer cells is a major carrier of oncodevelopmental carbohydrate epitopes

Oncodevelopmental carbohydrate epitopes are a common feature of human colorectal carcinoma, yet their biological significance remains unclear. We have shown previously that monoclonal antibody (MAb) 3A7, which recognizes a determinant on type 2 chain blood group A and B oligosaccharides, detects oncodevelopmental changes in azoxymethane‐induced rat colon tumors and some human colon cancer cell lines. (Laferté S et al. [1995] J. Cell. Biochem. 57:101–119). In this study, we set out to purify gp140, the major glycoprotein carrier of the 3A7 epitope expressed by human colon cancer cells, as a first step towards elucidating the contribution of the 3A7 epitope and its major glycoprotein carrier to colon cancer progression. To this end, gp140 was purified from HT29 cells and used for the preparation of polypeptide‐specific monoclonal antibodies. Five monoclonal antibodies (7A8, 7B11, 8C7, 8H7, and 11D4) immunoprecipitated a 3A7‐immunoreactive glycoprotein complex of 140 kDa which was subsequently identified by partial protein sequencing as α3β1 integrin. Flow cytometric analysis of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing different human integrin chains revealed that MAbs 7A8 and 7B11 detect the α3 integrin subunit whereas MAbs 8C7 and 8H7 detect the β1 integrin subunit. MAb 11D4, which did not bind to any of the CHO transfectants, detected type 2 chain blood group A determinant. Flow cytometric analysis of a panel of human colon carcinoma cell lines obtained from blood group A, AB, or B individuals revealed a direct correlation between cell‐surface expression of the 3A7 epitope and α3 integrin subunit, suggesting that α3β1 integrin is a preferred target of the 3A7 epitope in colon cancer cells. Using lectins and glycosidases to examine further the carbohydrate structure of α3β1 integrin, we demonstrated that it is a sialoglycoprotein containing both N‐ and O‐linked oligosaccharides. In addition, both α3 and β1 integrin subunits express β1–6 branched Asn‐linked oligosaccharides and short poly‐N‐acetyllactosamine units (Galβ1–4GlcNAc‐R; n ≤ 3), glycans previously implicated in cancer metastasis.Thus, α3β1 integrin expressed by human colon carcinoma cells is a major carrier of oncodevelopmental carbohydrate epitopes whose presence may modulate tumor cell adhesion, migration, and/or invasion. J. Cell. Biochem. 72:189–209, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Production of Antibodies against Enterocin B for Immunological Detection and Purification Purposes

Polyclonal antibodies were generated against the bacteriocin enterocin B by conjugating enterocin B (ENT) to bovine serum albumin (BSA) through a bifunctional crosslinking agent. Rabbits immunized with the ENT-BSA conjugates developed antibodies specific for enterocin B. Non-competive indirect (NCI) ELISAs were able to detect the presence of enterocin B in the supernatant of a producer strain and from a partially-purified sample. Competitive indirect (CI) ELISAs demonstrated concentrations of enterocin B ranging from 400-1600 ng ml−1 were required for 50% antibody binding inhibition. An immunoaffinity chromatography column was developed by linking the antibodies to CNBr-activated Sepahrose 4B. The purification method yielded pure enterocin; however, the harsh elution conditions did not render a regeneratable column.
Scale and the Spatial Concept of Fragmentation

where grain size refers to the size of the landscape elements present. Dispersion is essentially a scalar phenomenon. To adequately describe the dispersion of fragments in an area, a number of fragment attributes need to be considered. Fragments have many features in common with vegetation patches in terms of both their physical properties and the ways organisms respond to them (e.g., Wiens
Feeding, Reproduction, and Development of the Red Palm Mite (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) on Selected Palms and Banana Cultivars in Quarantine

ABSTRACT The red palm mite, Raoiella indica Hirst, an important pest of coconut, banana, and date palms is a new invasive pest in the Western Hemisphere. The red palm mite (RPM) has been observed attacking bananas and plantains in Dominica and in Florida (M. A. Hoy, A. Cocco, personal observation). In order to develop an efficient method to rear the RPM in quarantine for a classical biological control project, several banana and plantain varieties were tested as hosts for the RPM. Bananas are more desirable than coconut (a favored host plant) because bananas are easier to rear in small cages and will produce new shoots quickly after pruning. Red palm mite females did not establish on the banana and plantain varieties (Dwarf Cavendish, Dwarf Nino, Gran Nain, Dwarf Zan Moreno, Dwarf Green, Truly Tiny, Musa sumatrana × Gran Nain, Dwarf Puerto Rican, Rose, Nang Phaya, Misi Luki, Manzano, Lady Finger, Glui Kai, and Ebun Musak) of leaf discs tested, but they established on coconut leaf discs. The mites could not be reared on potted banana trees (Glui Kai, Dwarf Green, and Nang Phaya varieties), but a multigenerational colony has been maintained on coconut trees and leaf discs. No RPM females survived on native palms tested (saw palmetto, cabbage palm, and dwarf palmetto), but RPM completed a generation on needle palm, with longer development time, higher mortality, and lower fecundity than when reared on coconut discs. Our results indicate that coconut leaf discs and trees are better hosts for rearing RPM in quarantine than banana, plantain varieties, or native palms tested. Quarantine tests and field observations suggest that the host range of RPM may not be as broad as some reports indicate because plants from which RPM adults and/or eggs have been collected might not be suitable for establishment of a multigenerational colony. More studies under natural conditions need to be conducted to evaluate the ability of R. indica to establish and spread on native and ornamental palms in natural landscapes in Florida.
Arbuscular mycorrhiza in species of Commelinidae (Liliopsida) in the state of Pernambuco (Brazil)

Micorrizas sao associacoes simbioticas mutualisticas formadas entre fungos e raizes de plantas, sendo o principal beneficio para a planta o aumento do aporte de nutrientes. Agronomicamente, a micorriza arbuscular (MA) e o tipo mais importante de micorrizas e apresenta-se distribuido na maioria dos ecossistemas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a condicao micorrizica de especies de Commelinidae que ocorrem no Estado de Pernambuco. Raizes dessas plantas, coletadas em 10 municipios, foram lavadas, clareadas em KOH, coradas com azul de Tripano em lactoglicerol e observadas em microscopio para determinacao da presenca e identificacao do tipo de micorriza formado. O percentual de colonizacao das raizes foi avaliado pelo metodo de intersecao em placa quadriculada. Quarenta especimens, representando 30 especies, foram observados. Destes especimens, 70% estavam colonizados por fungos micorrizicos arbusculares (FMA). Em uma das familias (Typhaceae) nao foi encontrada a associacao; em duas (Eriocaulaceae e Juncaceae) todos os especimens apresentaram-se micorrizados e tres (Commelinaceae, Cyperaceae e Poaceae) mostraram especimens com ou sem FMA. Em algumas raizes foram observados outros fungos, alem dos micorrizicos. Os resultados indicam que FMA estao amplamente distribuidos entre as especies de Commelinidae em Pernambuco, sendo provavelmente importantes para o estabelecimento das mesmas nas areas de coleta.
Changes in a Heterodera rostochiensis population through the growing season

SUMMARY Changes in the numbers of all stages of Heterodera rostochiensis in plants and soil were studied in a potato crop growing on infected land. Hatching and invasion occurred early in the season, when plants were very young and temperatures were below those considered necessary for hatching and invasion in Long Island, U.S.A. More larvae hatched from cysts nearer than away from potato roots. Males were abundant during June and July, when fertilization probably occurs. Many new cysts appeared during late June and early July. In May/June, there were many larvae in the roots of young plants but later there were few; a slight increase during August probably indicated a small second generation. The larvae for this second invasion may have come from the most recently formed cysts, which may have been stimulated to hatch either by root exudates or by substances from other soil organisms.
Weed control in sugar beet using genetically modified herbicide-tolerant varieties: A review of the economics for cultivation in Europe

Genetically modified sugar beet varieties have been developed to be tolerant to glyphosate and glufosinate. To date, research regarding other active ingredients did not result in additional herbicide-tolerant varieties and the approval of glufosinate-tolerant varieties for market access has been withdrawn by the applicant. Therefore, only glyphosatetolerant varieties could be introduced for cultivation in the short run. Results concerning efficacy and cost of weed control using these varieties and the complementary herbicides were extensively reported in various contributions, mostly on a national level. Based on these results, the economics of weed control for sugar beet production in Europe were reviewed and aspects of integrated control, risk management, and issues of sustainable development of crop production are discussed. Efficient weed control is possible in almost any field situation with glyphosate at about 2 kg a.i. ha )1 , compared with conventional herbicides at 6 kg ha )1 or higher, depending on weed infestation level. Cost savings for weed control with glyphosate would amount to an average of e150 ha )1 , without any great deviation across different sites and states. A technology fee of about e40 ha )1 is assumed. The high selectivity of glyphosate may result in a 1–3 % higher yield performance of the crop. All assumptions being considered, total cost savings of e180 · 10 6 year )1 were calculated for the area of 1.7 · 10 6 ha in the main EU sugar beet-growing countries. A risk management by implementing a monitoring programme is compulsory, and systems of identity preservation or quality assurance are needed in order to enable the production of conventional and genetically modified sugar beet in coexistence. To date, costs are unknown for these measures. Because of the favourable ecotoxicological behaviour of glyphosate and the possibility of thresholdbased weed control, this new technology could provide an excellent option towards sustainable development of the crop. However, political reasons and the lack of acceptance of genetically modified varieties by the consumer have prevented the market entry of GMHT sugar beet to date, so that conventional herbicides will continuously be used in the future.
Local elimination of Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides: indirect evidence of sacoglossan herbivory?

A local population of the introduced green macroalga Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides was investigated in Oban in the district of Argyll, western Scotland. Periodic surveys demonstrated that sacoglossan densities (Elysia viridis and Placida dendritica) were unusually high in 1997 and early 1998, slug herbivory noticeably damaged algal thalli, and the local algal population was decimated. These patterns provide indirect evidence of the significance of slug herbivory on the introduced alga.
Castoraeschna corbeti sp. nov. from Floresta Nacional de Carajés, Paré state, Brazil (Odonata: Aeshnidae)

Abstract Castoraeschna corbeti sp. nov. is described and diagnosed based on four males (holo- type: Brazil, Para State, Floresta Nacional de Carajás [6°06′13.9″S, 50°08′13.1″W, ca 600 m a.s.l.], 28 ix 2007 to be deposited in Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro). This species is similar to C. longfieldae and C. coronata but can be distinguished mainly by the absence of medio-dorsal spots on S8; postero-dorsal spots on S8-9 very narrow; cerci external margin almost straight in lateral view, without a distinct angulation between stem and base of lamina; cerci apex blunt. The probable ultimate stadium larva is described based on two individuals, male and female, collected at the type locality. Adults were observed flying along margins of a small shaded second-order stream where the larvae were taken. The surrounding forest is under impact of iron ore extraction and will probably disappear in the next years.
Growth and reproductive biology of Joffrea speirsii gen. et sp. nov., a Cercidiphyllum-like plant from the Late Paleocene of Alberta, Canada

Six kinds of angiosperm compression fossils are described from the Paskapoo Formation (Late Paleocene) at Joffre Bridge near Red Deer, Alta. Pistillate inflorescences with attached carpels, folliculate infructescences, seeds, seedlings, leaves, and shoots arc all assigned to Joffrea speirsii gen. et sp. nov. Crane and Stockey. Evidence for treating the different organs under a single binomial includes attachment of inflorescences and leaf petioles to long and short shoot systems, morphological intermediates between carpels and follicles, follicles preserved expelling seeds, seeds preserved during germination, stages in seedling development, similarity between seedling and adult foliage, and constant field association. Joffrea is similar in many respects to the widespread Upper Cretaceous and early Tertiary fossil Nyssidium arcticum (Heer) Iljinskaja. Comparison of Joffrea to the extant genera Cercidiphyllum Siebold et Zuccarini, Trochodendron Siebold et Zuccarini, and Tetracentron Oliver indicates a close.
Intoxicação espontânea por Pterodon emarginatus (Fabaceae) em bovinos no estado de Goiás

An outbreak of poisoning by Pterodon emarginatus in cattle in Goias, Brazil, is described. Eighty four cattle that accidentally consumed the leaves and fruits from a P. emarginatus tree, fallen in a storm, were affected and seven died. Clinical signs included piloerection, flank retraction, marked apathy, prostration, muscle tremors, muzzle dryness, tenesmus, incoordination, reluctance to move, and prolonged sternal recumbency. AST, ALT, and GGT serum activity, and bilirubin levels were markedly increased. Gross lesions included hepatomegaly, multifocal areas of necrosis in the liver, and hemorrhages in the heart, parietal pleura, mesentery, omentum, ruminal serosa, spleen, lung, subcutaneous tissue, and thoracic and intercostal skeletal muscles. Histologically, moderate to severe, massive hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis with moderate bile duct hyperplasia and mild bile stasis were observed. In addition, moderate multifocal vacuolar degeneration in the convoluted renal tubular cells was noted.
Application of handheld laser scanning technology for forest inventory purposes in the NE Turkey

Forest inventory FI is the most challenging stage of forest management and planning process. Therefore, in situ surveys are often reinforced by modern remote sensing RS methods for collecting forestry-related data more efficiently. This study tests a stateof- the-art data collection method for practical use in the Turkish FI system for the first time. To this end, forest sampling plots were conventionally measured to collect dendrometric data from 437 trees in Artvin and Sacinka Forest Enterprises. Then, each plot was scanned using a handheld mobile laser scanning HMLS instrument. Finally, HMLS data were compared against ground measurements via basic FI measures. Based on statistical tests, no apparent differences were found between the two datasets at the plot level P 0.97; P < 0.01 . Residual analysis showed that both positive and negative errors had a homogeneous distribution, except for plot 8 where tree stems were in irregular shapes due to anthropogenic pressures. When all plots? data were aggregated, average values for the number of trees, basal area, and timber volume were estimated as 535 trees/ha-1, 49.6 m2/ha-1, and 499.7 m3/ha-1, respectively. Furthermore, secondary measures such as the number of saplings and slope were successfully retrieved using HMLS method. The highest overestimation was in timber volume with less than 10% difference at the landscape level. The differences were attributed to poor data quality of conventional measurements, as well as marginal site conditions in some plots. We concluded that the HMLS method met the accuracy standards for most FI measures, except for stand height. Thus, the Turkish FI system could benefit from this novel technology, which in turn supports the implementation of sound forest management and planning.
A comparison of ovulation rate and late embryonic mortality in ewe lambs and ewes and the rôle of late embryo loss in ewe lamb subfertility

Beck, N.F. G. , Davies, M.C. G. and Davies, B. (1996). A comparison of ovulation rate and embryonic mortality in ewe lambs and ewes and the role of late embryo loss in ewe lamb sub fertility. Animal Science 62, 79-83.
The degree of oligophagy in Locusta migratoria (L.)

1 Locusta migratoria in the field feeds mainly on grasses, including cultivated species, but there are numerous reports of feeding on other monocotyledons. Feeding on dicotyledons is reported, but in many cases non‐grasses are only accepted in the absence of grasses. Previous laboratory work also indicates that grasses comprise the main food, though other plants are eaten. 2 Field observations on nymphal bands in Australia show that the insects select grasses within the habitat; dicotyledons are generally rejected. 3 The feeding response to 209 species of plants from fifty‐six families was tested. The grasses and some Cyperaceae and Juncaceae were generally fully eaten. Some other monocotyledons, such as palms, were also accepted though only small amounts were eaten; orchids and lilies were rejected. Very few dicotyledons were eaten. The dicotyledons which were eaten after 5h without food were rejected after only 1 h; the grasses were readily accepted after the shorter interval 4 The degree of oligophagy depends on the choice of food available and the time for which the insect has been deprived of food and water. Grass is normally eaten if available; in its absence, insects which have been without food for some hours will feed on a wide range of plants, but the amounts eaten are usually small.
Soybean Mosaic Virus Resistance in Transgenic Soybean Caused by Post-transcriptional Gene Silencing

Somatic embryos of Glycine max (L.) Merrill cultivar ‘Jack’ were co-transformed with the coat protein (CP) gene of attenuated isolates of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and hygromycin phosphotransferase gene by microprojectile bombardment. CP gene was detected in eleven transgenic plants, and three independent lines highly resistant to SMV were obtained in a previous study. One of these lines, line No. 55, which was assumed to have acquired RNA-mediated resistance, was selected for further gene expression analysis of T4 and T5 plants in relation to their viral resistance. The resistant plants contained a lower level of transgene-derived RNA than the susceptible ones. On the other hand, based on RNA analysis after mechanical inoculation, SMV-specific RNAs were detected faintly in the resistant plants, while large amounts of RNAs were found in the susceptible ones. During the development of the resistant lines, SMV CP sequence-specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) appeared initially in the leaves of the first leaf stage but not in those of the primary stage, and were detected thereafter in the leaves of later stages constantly. The presence of the siRNAs before SMV inoculation was strongly correlated with the resistant phenotype of the lines tested.
On the Decrease of Permeability Due to Certain Bivalent Kations

There is a remarkable difference between monovalent and bivalent kations in their effects on permeability. While none of the monovalent kations (except H) are able to decrease permeability, all the bivalent kations so far investigated (Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Mn, Co, Fe, Ni, Zn, Cd, Sn) are able to do so to a marked degree.
Sulphur accumulation and redistribution in wheat (Triticum aestivum): a study using stable sulphur isotope ratios as a tracer system

Wheat plants were grown hydroponically and fed with two sulphate sources differing in stable isotope composition, one having a δ34S of 13·7‰ and the other 4·1‰. Plant sulphur (S) isotope ratios were determined using an on-line continuous flow-isotope ratio mass spectrometer. This method greatly simplified the procedure for the measurement of S isotope ratios, and was found to be precise for samples containing > 1 mg S g–1 dry weight. The δ34S values of plant shoots, which had been grown on a single sulphate source, were very close to the source values, suggesting little isotope fractionation during sulphate uptake and transport from roots to shoots. By changing the sulphate sources at different growth stages, it was possible to estimate S accumulation and redistribution within different plant parts. At maturity, wheat grain derived 14, 30, 6 and 50% of its S from the accumulation during the following successive growth stages: between emergence and early stem extension, between stem extension and flag leaf emergence, between flag leaf emergence and anthesis, and after anthesis, respectively. It was estimated that 39, 32 and 52% of the S present in the flag leaves, older leaves and stems, respectively, at anthesis, was exported during the postanthesis period. These results demonstrate considerable cycling of S within wheat plants, and highlight the importance of S uptake after anthesis to the accumulation of S in grain under the experimental conditions employed.
Assessment of the United States Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) Fisheries of Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, and Lake Huron

The logistic surplus production model is applied to lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) yield and effort data from Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, and Lake Huron. The fitted models indicate that the whitefish populations in most areas of the lakes have been overexploited, and that in these areas yield was below the maximum sustainable yield before sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) predation took its toll. In some areas of Lake Superior the whitefish populations are not overexploited. The sea lamprey is the apparent cause of the drastic decrease in the whitefish population that occurred in northern Lake Michigan during the 1950’s.
Ecological Properties for the Evaluation, Management, and Restoration of Temperate Deciduous Forest Ecosystems

Given that many of the original deciduous forests of North America have disappeared over the last few centuries, our challenge is to preserve remnant forests, restore altered forests, and harvest managed forests in a sustainable manner. To do so, we need to identify macroscale properties that can easily monitor the condition of the eastern deciduous forest as a whole. We offer 10 possible properties: (1) tree size; (2) canopy composition; (3) quantity and quality of coarse woody debris; (4) number of spring ephemeral species in the herbaceous layer; (5) number of typical corticulous bryophyte species; (6) density of wildlife trees; (7) fungi; (8) avian community; (9) number of large carnivores; and (10) forest area. We have assigned to each property a control (or normal) value, an intermediate value, and a heavily altered value. These values are based on the existing literature. These 10 properties would: (1) allow us to recognize, rank, and protect high-priority forest sites for conservation; (2) tell us whether changes in a forest are in the direction of restoration or toward further alteration; and (3) enable us to evaluate different harvesting methods so we can select those that cause the least alteration to forests.