Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Symmetric n -derivations on prime ideals with applications

: Let S be a ring. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the structure of quotient rings, which are represented as S / P , where S is an arbitrary ring and P is a prime ideal of S . The paper aims to establish a link between the structure of these rings and the behaviour of traces of symmetric n - derivations satisfying some algebraic identities involving prime ideals of an arbitrary ring S . Moreover, as an application of the main result, we investigate the structure of the quotient ring S / P and traces of symmetric n -derivations.
Quantification of both normal and right‐lateral late Quaternary activity along the Kongur Shan extensional system, Chinese Pamir

The Kongur Shan Extensional System (KES) is a ~250 km long normal fault system that bounds the Muji–Tashkorgan basin of the Chinese Pamir. It accommodates E–W extension due to the northward indentation of the Pamir salient, and its late Miocene activity has been the focus of tectonic studies. While the KES has a main normal component, ~WNW–ESE‐striking segments have an additional right‐lateral strike‐slip component. Here, we quantify late Quaternary horizontal and vertical slip rates at three locations along the KES, where active faults cut and offset abandoned geomorphic features. We find rates of >3–4 mm a−1 (horizontal) along the western Muji fault in the north and of ~1.7 mm a−1 (vertical) and ~1 mm a−1 (horizontal) along the Kongur Shan fault in the south during the late Pleistocene. These rates are consistent with GPS and late Miocene rates, and imply that E–W extension in the Muji–Tashkorgan basin is faster in the north than in the south.
Detrital origin of hydrothermal Witwatersrand gold—a review

The Witwatersrand ‘basin’ is the largest known gold province in the world. The gold deposits have been worked for moren than 100 years but there is still controversy about the ore forming process. Detailed petrographic studies often reveal that the gold is late in the paragenetic sequence, which has led many researchers to propose a hydrothermal origin for the gold. However, observations, such as the occurrence of rounded, disc‐like gold particles next to irregularly shaped or idiomorphic secondary gold particles in the same sample, suggest an initial detrital gold source within the Witwatersrand strata. Mineral chemical and isotopic data, together with SEM cathodoluminescence imaging and fluid inclusion studies, provide evidence for small‐scale variations in the fluid chemistry – a requirement for the short‐range mobilization of the gold. The existing data and observations on the Witwatersrand rocks support a model of hydrothermally altered, metamorphosed placer deposits, with at least two subsequent gold mobilization events: hydrothermal infiltration in early Transvaal time (2.6–2.5 Ga) and during the 2.020 Ga Vredefort impact event.
Investigating the Effects of Role Demands, Psychosocial Stress Symptoms and Safety Leadership on Mineworkers ’ Safety Performance

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of role demands on safety performance in mining companies under the mediating role of psychosocial stress symptoms. Three dimensions of safety leadership were also tested as moderators on the relationship between psychosocial stress symptoms and safety performance. Methods: To collect data to analyze the hypothesized relationships in the present study, a total of 850 questionnaires were distributed to mineworkers in Ghana. Hierarchical regression analysis was employed as the main statistical technique in analyzing the data using SPSS version 21 software. Findings: Results from hierarchical regression analysis showed that psychosocial stress symptoms fully mediated the relationship between role demands and safety compliance but showed no mediation on role demands and safety participation. Also, only safety coaching from safety leadership demonstrated to have a moderating effect on the relationship between psychosocial stress symptoms and safety compliance of safety performance. Conclusion: The study proposes that it is important to examine the effects of role demands on speci ﬁ c job performance. The importance of safety coaching as a key element of planning to improve safety performance should not be underestimated.
Remote sensing parameterization of regional net radiation over heterogeneous land surface of Tibetan Plateau and arid area

Distributions of regional net radiation flux density over the areas of GAME/Tibet and HEIFE were analysed using a new parameterized method of combining satellite remote sensing with field observation. The results show that reasonable regional distribution of surface variables (surface albedo, surface temperature and emissivity), vegetation coverage and net radiation flux density over heterogeneous study areas can be obtained by using this method.
Constraints to farmers managing dryland salinity in the central wheatbelt of Western Australia

There is an increasingly well‐founded understanding of the chief drivers and constraints to widespread adoption by Australian landholders to practices to manage dryland salinity. However, each specific situation depends on a range of biophysical, social and economic factors. Such is the case in this study that examines farmers' salinity management in the Wallatin‐O'Brien catchments in the low‐medium rainfall zone of the Western Australian wheatbelt. The study involved interviews with landholders and economic modelling of representative farms and salinity management options to gain an understanding of the farmers' adoption behaviour regarding salinity management.
Optimal removal of spurious pits in grid digital elevation models

Spurious pits in grid digital elevation models are often removed by filling them up to the level of their outflow point. Recently, an alternative approach called carving has been proposed to suppress each single pit by creating a descending path from it to the nearest point having a lower elevation value. In this paper, we propose an optimal method combining both approaches and minimizing the cost necessary for transforming an input digital elevation model into a pitless digital elevation model. The cost of this transformation is defined by the sum of the altitude differences between the input and output pitless digital elevation models. Experimental results are presented for a digital elevation model of continental Europe with a grid cell size of 250 m.
Experiences of fear of recurrence in patients with sarcoma

Abstract Background: Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is often described as the most distressing consequence of cancer and has a negative impact on quality of life. There have been few investigations into the FCR in patients with sarcomas. We sought to explore the patient's FCR after a sarcoma diagnosis to determine when these fears were presented and the strategies patients used to address these fears. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of qualitative semi-structured interview data from patients with sarcoma, as part of a study to develop a patient-reported outcome measure. This study included 121 patients from across the United Kingdom aged 13–82 years. Telephone and face-to-face interviews focused on the experiences of living with and beyond a sarcoma diagnosis, based on the domains of quality of life (physical, emotional, and social well-being). A secondary analysis was performed using the Common-Sense Model. Results: The following four key themes were identified: triggers for FCR (symptoms and events), discussion of FCR, consequences of FCR (negative impact on quality of life), and strategies used to deal with FCR. Conclusion: Patients with sarcoma reported a FCR at different stages of treatment and how these fears played a role in their daily lives. Despite these experiences, the identification and management of FCR have not been reported as a core component of routine clinical practice.
Cross‐tail expansion of dipolarizing flux bundles

Dipolarizing flux bundles (DFBs), magnetotail flux tubes with stronger, more dipolar magnetic field than the background magnetotail plasma, which are led by dipolarization fronts, typically propagate earthward within bursty bulk flows. Although DFBs are localized (typically 1–3 RE) in the cross‐tail direction, many of them may combine to cause global effects, such as the substorm current wedge. Knowledge of how this local‐to‐global coupling happens is crucial for understanding magnetotail dynamics. We investigate how the coupling happens using multipoint observations from the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms mission. Our results show that most DFBs expand in the cross‐tail direction as they propagate earthward. Through such expansion, azimuthally localized DFBs can cover a wide region to cause global effects when they arrive at the inner edge of the plasma sheet.
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS – A CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEY

Introduction Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathy affecting adolescent girls in their reproductive age. It has an unknown etiology and is recognized as a heterogeneous disorder that results in the overproduction of androgens, primarily from the ovary, and is associated with insulin resistance. The global prevalence of PCOS is estimated to be between (6%) and (26%). It is caused by a sedentary lifestyle and lack of nutritional food. Materials and methods A cross sectional study was conducted among 150 adolescent girls who are studying in Pre-University College of Udupi District, Karnataka. The samples were chosen using simple random sampling technique who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The data was collected using a demographic proforma, knowledge questionnaire on PCOS and attitude scale. Results Majority of the adolescent girls 112 (74.7%) were aged 16years, 38% of the adolescent girls had their menarche at the age of 13 years. 83.3% of the girls had a regular menstrual cycle. 130(86.7%) had moderate level of knowledge. 150(100%) girls have unfavourable attitudes toward PCOS. Conclusion The study concluded that there is a need to intensify efforts in creating awareness about the complications of polycystic ovarian syndrome. A multidisciplinary approach to tackling polycystic ovarian syndrome must be emphasized.
Natural variations in calcite dissolution rates in streams: Controls, implications, and open questions

Models of bedrock channel evolution typically assume that chemical erosion is negligible in comparison to mechanical erosion. While this assumption is reasonable for channels in silicate rocks, it is questionable within highly soluble strata such as carbonates. The magnitude and variability of calcite dissolution rates in streams has remained as a critical unknown for models of bedrock incision and karst conduit formation. Here we use U.S. Geological Survey data to estimate calcite dissolution rates from 77 different streams located in a wide range of settings. The calculated rates are commonly on the order of ∼1 mmyr−1, which is 1 to 2 orders of magnitude larger than previous estimates. We also find that PCO2 is the strongest control on at‐a‐site variability, though some sites also display dilution‐controlled variability. Typically, dissolution rates vary within a relatively narrow range, which has important implications for the relative importance of chemical and mechanical erosion.
Smoking Status, Demographic Predictors and Birth Weight Outcomes in Mothers Participating in the Ohio WIC Program, 2012

The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between age and smoking status of household members to maternal smoking status during pregnancy and describe the relationship of maternal smoking during pregnancy to low birth weight outcomes in Ohio women enrolled in WIC. This project used data from the 2012 Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance Survey (PNSS) and only the records from the initial visit women made to Ohio WIC clinics in 2012 (n=64,573). One in five women smoked during pregnancy. Younger mothers where most likely to report smoking (20.3%) than women 35 or more years old (17.9%). Of women 24 years old or younger 34% reported living in the same household as a smoker. 71% of those who smoke live with someone who smokes. Women who reported smoking throughout pregnancy are 70% more likely to have low birth weight babies than women who have never smoked or stopped smoking once pregnant. Women who reported smoking throughout their entire pregnancy had a higher percentage of low birth weight babies as compared to women who had never smoked or who had stopped smoking once pregnant. This study builds upon previous research and further highlights maternal smoking as a major public health concern. Programs such as WIC are key components in the effort to decrease smoking rates among pregnant women. Using the WIC program as a reliable resource for smoking cessation has the potential to decrease smoking among pregnant women that participate in the program and improve the health of mothers and babies.
Validation of a novel image-weighed technique for monitoring food intake and estimation of portion size in hospital settings: a pilot study

Objective: Optimal nutrition for hospital patients is crucial and routine monitoring of patients ’ nutrient intake is imperative. However, personalised monitoring and customised intervention using traditional methods is challenging and labour-intensive, consequently it is often neglected in hospital settings. The present pilot study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Dietary Intake Monitoring System (DIMS) against the weighed food method (WFM). Design: The DIMS 2.0 is composed of an integrated digital camera, weighing scale, radio-frequency identi ﬁ cation sensor and WIFI connection for real-time image and weight dietary data acquisition and analysis. The DIMS equipment was used to collect data for a paired set of meals both before and after meal consumption at lunchtime.
Aircraft measurements of ozone, NOx, CO, and aerosol concentrations in biomass burning smoke over Indonesia and Australia in October 1997: Depleted ozone layer at low altitude over Indonesia

The 1997 El Niño unfolded as one of the most sever El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events in this century and it coincided with massive biomass burning in the equatorial western Pacific region. To assess the influence on the atmosphere, aircraft observations of trace gases and aerosol were conducted over Kalimantan in Indonesia and Australia. Over Kalimantan in Indonesia, high concentrations of O3, NOx, CO, and aerosols were observed during the flight. Although the aerosol and NOx decreased with altitude, the O3 had the maximum concentration (80.5 ppbv) in the middle layer of the smoke haze and recorded very low concentrations (∼20 ppbv) in the lower smoke layer. This feature was not observed in the Australian smoke. We proposed several hypotheses for the low O3 concentration at low levels over Kalimantan. The most likely are lack of solar radiation and losses at the surface of aerosol particles.
Organic and Compost-Based Growing Media for Tree Seedling Nurseries

Experience in the support of tree planting projects has indicated that inadequate attention is currently paid to root development on container grown seedlings, particularly for projects in the tropics. A literature review combined with extensive consultation with international tree planters in both tropical and temperate countries indicated that organic matter should form the major fraction of the container media. This component is not easily obtained in many tropical and subtropical countries. However, elements for the manufacture of compost are often available or could be made available. The paper outlines the characteristics of good potting media indicating to nursery or plantation managers the type of product they should aim at. This is followed by a section dealing specifically with different methods of making compost because this is likely to be the most important component of their organic fraction. FInally, there is a chapter dealing with raw materials for making compost and how they can be blended. In order to limit the text to the general aspects of good media, details concerning facts about the components of compost, the chemistry of composting and other practical aspects of potting media preparation are included in a series of annexes.
Mesozoic and early Cenozoic tectonic convergence-to-rifting transition prior to opening of the South China Sea

We have investigated Mesozoic geological problems around the South China Sea (SCS) based on gravimetric, magnetic, seismic, and lithofacies data. Three-dimensional analytical signal amplitudes (ASA) of magnetic anomalies clearly define the inland tectonic boundaries and the residual Mesozoic basins offshore. The ASA suggest that the degree of magmatism and/or the average magnetic susceptibility of igneous rocks increase southeastwards and that late-stage A-type igneous rocks present along the coast of southeast China possess the highest effective susceptibility. The geophysical data define Mesozoic sedimentary and tectonic structures and reveal four major unconformities [Pz/T–J, T–J/J, J/K, and Mesozoic/Cenozoic (Pz, Palaeozic; T, Triassic; J, Jurassic; K, Cretaceous)], corresponding to regional tectonic events revealed by nine palaeogeographic time slices based on prior geological surveys and our new fieldwork. Showing both sedimentary and volcanic facies and regional faults, our palaeogeographic maps confirm an early Mesozoic northwestward-migrating orogeny that gradually obliterated the Tethyan regime, and a middle-to-late Mesozoic southeastward migration and younging in synchronized extension, faulting, and magmatism. Three major phases of marine deposition developed but were subsequently terminated by tectonic compression, uplift, erosion, faulting, rifting, and/or magmatism. The tectonic transition from the Tethyan to Pacific regimes was completed by the end of the Middle Triassic (ca. 220 Ma), reflecting widespread Mesozoic orogeny. The transition from an active to a passive continental margin occurred at the end of the Early Cretaceous (ca. 100 Ma); this was accompanied by significant changes in sedimentary environments, due likely to an eastward retreat of the palaeo-Pacific subduction zone and/or to the collision of the West Philippine block with Eurasia. The overall Mesozoic evolution of southeast China comprised almost an entire cycle of orogenic build-up, peneplanation, and later extension, all under the influence of the subducting palaeo-Pacific plate. Continental margin extension and rifting continued into the early Cenozoic, eventually triggering the Oligocene opening of the SCS.
Relative Efficiency of Surface Energy Partitioning Over Different Land Covers

Aims: In this paper, we aim to assess different parameterization schemes for quantifying the surface energy portioning process, in particular, the latent and sensible heat fluxes, and their applicability to various surface cover types. Study Design: This study intercompares theoretical models that predict the relative efficiency of the latent heat (evapotranspiration) with respect to the sensible heat flux. Model predictions are compared with field measureme nts over surface covers with different physical characteristics and soil water availability. Place and Duration of Study:This study was carried out at the Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, between August 2012 and December 2012. Methodology: Three theoretical models for prediction of the relative efficiency of the latent heat were investigated, based on the lumped heat transfer (Priestley), the linear stability analysis (LSA) and the maximum entropy principle (MEP), respectively . Model predictions werecompared against field measurements over three different land cover types, viz. water, grassland and suburban surfaces. An explicit moisture availability parameter�≤is incorporated in the MEP model, to facilitate direct comparison against the LSA and field measurements. Standard post-processing and quality control were applied
Estudo das propriedades psicométricas da Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) na população portuguesa

Objective: To study the psychometric properties of the ten item Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), in non-patient and patient samples of the Portuguese population. Sample: Five samples of healthy persons (n = 762), and five samples of patients with physical chronic disease or anxiety disorder (n = 201). Measurements: Social-demographic data, smoking habits, Beck Depression Inventory ® (BDI®), PSS-10, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory® (STAI®-Y2), and Smoking Abstinence Self-Efficacy (SASE-12). Results: Using a principal component analysis, it was extracted one factor, that explained 47,4% of the variance. The Cronbach alpha was 0,874, and meaningful differences in stress perception were found between several population strata. There are moderate correlations between PSS-10, the BDI®, and the STAI®-Y2, and absence of association with SASE-12. Scores above percentile 80 are pathological. Conclusions: PSS-10 reveals good psychometric properties. Administration and scoring is simple, and it is a valid assessment of stress, in physical disease or psychopathological contexts.
Geophysical validation of NSCAT winds using atmospheric data and analyses

A detailed geophysical evaluation of the initial NASA scatterometer (NSCAT) wind data sets was performed in order to determine the error characteristics of these data and their applicability to ocean surface analysis and numerical prediction. The first component of this evaluation consisted of collocations of NSCAT data to ship and buoy wind reports, special sensor microwave imager wind observations, and National Centers for Environmental Prediction and Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) model wind analyses. This was followed by data assimilation experiments to determine the impact of NSCAT data on analysis and forecasting. The collocation comparisons showed the NSCAT wind velocity data to be of higher accuracy than operational ERS 2 wind data. The impact experiments showed that NSCAT has the ability to correct major errors in analyses over the oceans and also to improve numerical weather prediction. NSCAT data typically show the precise locations of both synoptic-scale and smaller-scale cyclones and fronts over the oceans. This often results in significant improvements to analyses. Forecast experiments using the GEOS model show approximately a 1-day extension of useful forecast skill in the southern hemisphere, in good agreement with the results of Observing System Simulation Experiments conducted prior to launch.