Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modern trends in the systematics, ecology, and evolution of hydroids and hydromedusae

MEMOIRS: J Bouillon, F Boero, F Cicogna, & P F S Cornelius: The cnidarian work of Donat Naumov, Frederick Russell, and Bernhard Werner P F S Cornelius: Donat Vladimirovitch Naumov (1921-1984) P F S Cornelius: Sir Frederick Stratten Russell (1897-1984) G Jarms: Bernhard Werner (1910-1984) SYSTEMATICS: G Bavestrello: Description of the hydroid Perarella propagulata sp. nov. (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) and a discussion of relations within the superfamily Bougainvillioidea Petersen P F S Cornelius: Taxonomic characters from the hydranths of thecate hydroids N Gravier-Bonnet: Nematocysts as taxonomic discriminators in thecate hydroids G Jarms: Thecocodium quadratum (Werner 1965) redescribed, T. penicillatum sp. nov., and a method for rearing hydrozoans C "Ostman: New techniques and old problems in hydrozoan systematics W Verwoort: Evaluation of taxonomic characters in the Hydroida, particularly in the Thecata (=Leptomedusae) ECOLOGY: M N Arai: Population ecology of the hydromedusae of Masset Inlet, British Columbia A Benovi 'c and A Bender: Seasonal distribution of medusae in the Adriatic Sea A Brinckmann-Voss: Seasonal distribution of hydromedusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Gulf of Naples and vicinity, with observations on sexual and asexual reproduction in some species A Garcia Rubies: Distribution of epiphytic hydroids on Posidonia sea grass J-M Gili, F Pag `es, and F Vives: Distribution and ecology of a population of planktonic cnidarians in the western Mediterranean R G Hughes: The loss of hydranths of Laomedea flexuosa Alder and other hydroids, with reference to hydroid senescence H Mergner: Hydroids as indicator species of environmental factors on coral reefs C E Mills: In situ and shipboard studies of living hydromedusae and hydroids - preliminary observations of life-cycle adaptations to the open ocean I Roca: Hydroids on Posidonia in Majorcan waters D A Staples & J E Watson: Associations between pycnogoids and hydroids EVOLUTION: F Boero & J Bouillon: Inconsistent evolution and paedomorphosis among the hydroids and medusae of the Athecatae/Anthomedusae and the Thecatae/Leptomedusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) F Boero: Evolutionary implications of habitat selection in the hydroids of Posidonia oceanica meadows S D Cairns: Evolutionary trends in the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) S Kubota: The origin and systematics of four Japanese bivalve-inhabiting hydroids WORKSHOP RESEARCH: P F S Cornelius: The hydranths of Clytia linearis (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) and related species C "Ostman, S Piraino, & I Roca: Nematocyst comparisons between some Mediterranean and Scandinavian campanulariids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) Indexes.
Beyond the Balance Sheet Model of Banking: Implications for Bank Regulation and Monetary Policy

Bank balance sheet lending is commonly viewed as the predominant form of lending. We document and study two margins of adjustment that are usually absent from this view using microdata in the $10 trillion U.S. residential mortgage market. We first document the limits of the shadow bank substitution margin: shadow banks substitute for traditional—deposit-taking—banks in loans which are easily sold, but are limited from activities requiring on-balance-sheet financing. We then document the balance sheet retention margin: banks switch between traditional balance sheet lending and selling loans based on their balance sheet strength, behaving more like shadow banks following negative shocks. Motivated by this evidence, we build and estimate a workhorse structural model of the financial intermediation sector. Banks and shadow banks compete for borrowers. Banks face regulatory constraints but benefit from the ability to engage in balance sheet lending. Critically, departing from prior literature, banks can also choose to access the securitization market like shadow banks. To evaluate distributional consequences, we model a rich demand system with income and house price differences across borrowers. The model is identified using spatial pricing policies of government-sponsored entities and bunching at the regulatory threshold. We study the quantitative consequences of several policies on lending volume and pricing, bank stability, and the distribution of consumer surplus across rich and poor households. Both margins we identify significantly shape policy responses, accounting for more than $500 billion in lending volume across counterfactuals. Secondary market disruptions such as quantitative easing have significantly larger impacts on lending and redistribution than capital requirement changes once we account for these margins. We conclude that a regulatory policy analysis of the intermediation sector must incorporate the intricate industrial organization of the credit market and the equilibrium interaction of banks and shadow banks.
Fertilidade de substratos para mudas de mangabeira, contendo fibra de coco e adubados com fósforo - DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v29i5.743

This experiment was carried out at Centro de Ciencias Agrarias of UFPB, Areia, state of Paraiba, whose objective was to evaluate the fertility of the substrata composed by concentrations of coconut fiber from 0 to 40%, manure bovine from 0 to 25.5%, soil from 25 to 70%, sand 15% and triple superphosphate between 0 and 11 g L -1 . There was increase of the desirable chemical characteristics to the substratum with the increase of the concentration of soil, coconut fiber and maximum dose of the triple superphosphate. The coconut fiber increased the tenor of sodium in the substrata. It is recommended to use the concentrations of 0% of manure, 46% of soil, 39% of coconut fiber, 15% of sand and 11 g L -1 of triple superphosfate, to obtain the maxima estimated values of organic matter, potassium, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus, and minima for H + +Al +3 and sodium.
Population Genetics and Genome Organization of Norway Spruce

To evaluate the usefulness of Reduced Representation Libraries (RRL) in species with large and highly repetitive genomes such as conifers, we employed Hypomethylated Partial Restriction (HMPR) on the genome of Norway spruce (Picea abies). The HMPR method preferentially removes the commonly hypermethylated, repetitive fraction of the genome. Hence, RRLs should be enriched for the hypomethylated gene space. For comparison, a standard shotgun library was constructed and samples of the respective libraries were obtained through Sanger sequencing. We obtained a 9-fold gene enrichment, a value which is slightly higher than for other plant species. The amount of repetitive DNA was reduced by 45 % in the RRLs, demonstrating the ability to efficiently remove hypermethylated DNA. Annotating sequences in an uncharacterized genome remains challenging and a large number of sequences could not be classified as either repetitive DNA or as belonging to the gene space. Upon further investigation, we found that some of these uncharacterized fragments were expressed, and in most cases the expression was spatially differentiated, indicating that they might have a function. Full-length transcripts of a subset of expressed fragments also revealed that these could be long non-coding RNAs. In conclusion, our study shows that the HMPR method is effective in constructing libraries enriched for the genic fraction of the genome, while simultaneously reducing the repetitive fraction, in P. abies and may prove a valuable tool for the discovery, validation, and assessment of genetic markers in population studies and breeding efforts when combined with next-generation sequencing technology.
Seasonality in light‐attracted chrysomelid populations in a Bornean rainforest

Abstract. 1. Seasonal or annual population fluctuations have been reported for various tropical insect species, exhibiting one or more peaks in abundance at certain times of the year. Such fluctuations have mostly been observed in areas that experience annual wet and dry seasons, and not in areas where climatic fluctuations are unpredictable on an annual basis.
Effect of pruning time, severity and tree aspects on harvesting period and fruit quality of low chilling peach (Prunus persica)

Studies were conducted to find out the effect of pruning severity, time and tree aspects on early fruiting, yield and quality characters of Partap peach. Ten years old grafted trees were pruned at fortnightly intervals, i e on 30 October, 15 November and 30 November with two pruning levels, i e 50% and 70% severity (retaining 50% and 30% shoot). Flowering and fruiting was earlier by 15 days in trees pruned on October 30. Fruit size and yield was recorded maximum in trees pruned on October 30 with 50% shoot retention, whereas quality characters, viz. Total soluble solids and acidity was higher in fruits obtained from trees pruned on November 30 with 50% shoot retention. Reducing, non-reducing and total sugars were highest in 50% severity on 30 October. Colour reflectance values were found highest in fruits obtained from trees pruned on October 30 with 50% severity. While comparing the different aspects of the tree, all the physico-chemical parameters were found maximum in fruits of east direction followed by south and minimum in west direction. It was concluded that low chilling peach Partap pruned on 30 October with 50% shoot retention yielded fruits 15 days earlier of superior quality in general and east and south direction of trees particular.
Effect of periodical application of phosphorus with and without fym on yield of groundnut on vertic ustochrepts under rainfed agriculture.

A field experiment was conducted during 1985 to 1996 on Vertic Ustochrepts soils at Main Dry Farming Research Station, Targhadia (Gujarat) to study the effect of periodical application of phosphorus with and without FYM on yield of groundnut. The results revealed that application of FYM @ 10 t ha−1 improved plant height, number of branches, number of pods/plant, 100 kernel weight, shelling percentage and haulm yield, however, its effect was found non significant on pod yield of groundnut. Application of phosphorus was found beneficial in respect of plant height, number of branches/plant and number of pods/plant, but it could not altered pod as well as haulm yields of groundnut.
Dynamic measurement of interpersonal factors, suicidal thoughts and self-injury

Background: Suicide risk is dynamic. Yet, assessments of suicide and its risk factors have largely relied on static predictors. By focussing on dynamic risk factors and understanding the relationships with fluctuations in risk, there is potential to improve the precision of prediction and thereby assist the targeting of treatments and preventive efforts. Thus, the current dissertation explores the dynamic relationship between interpersonal risk factors and suicidal ideation, and how prediction can be enhanced within a clinical setting. Methods and Results: First, an experimental paradigm was used to test key theoretical predictions of an interpersonal model of suicide in two studies. Positive and negative changes in interpersonal factors were experimentally manipulated by providing varied interpersonal feedback to participants, and a desire to escape from the task was repeatedly measured. In both samples, a change from negative interpersonal feedback to positive feedback was associated with a decreased desire to escape from the task, while a negative change resulted in an increased desire to escape. To complement the experimental studies, a daily index measured self-reported suicidal thinking, mood, and interpersonal circumstances amongst inpatients at a psychiatric hospital. Cross-lagged panel designs were used to assess the relationships between factors over time, finding interpersonal factors to be associated with suicidal thinking over several days within a clinical setting. Latent-class growth-analysis determined how factors changed over time, and whether suicidal ideation trajectories could be predicted. Suicidal thoughts and interpersonal factors in the days prior to incidents of non-suicidal self-injury were measured and used to predict outcomes. Further, assessing interpersonal factors at admission assisted in differentiating which patients showed improvements over the course of therapy, and those that had stable and high suicidal thoughts. Of the inpatients that entered the clinic with no
Characterization and role of nitric oxide production in Arabidopsis thaliana defense responses induced by oligogalacturonides

Nitric oxide (NO) regulates a wide range of plant processes from development toenvironmental adaptation. In this study, NO production and its effects were investigated in aplant-pathogen context. The production of NO following Arabidopsis treatment witholigogalacturonides (OGs), an endogenous elicitor of plant defense, was assessed using the NOsensitive probe 4, 5-diamino fluorescein diacetate. Pharmacological and genetic approaches wereused to analyze NO enzymatic sources and its role in the Arabidopsis thaliana /Botrytis cinereainteraction. We showed that NO production involves both a L-arginine- and a nitrate reductase(NR)-pathways. OGs-induced NO production was Ca2+-dependent and modulated RBOHDmediatedROS production. NO production was also regulated by CDPKs activities, but workedindependently of the MAPKs pathway. Using a transcriptomic approach, we further demonstratedthat NO participates to the regulation of genes induced by OGs such as genes encoding diseaserelatedproteins and transcription factors. The over-representation of certain regulatory elements(e.g. W-BOX) in promoter sequences of target genes also suggests the involvement of specifictranscription factors in the NO response. Mutant plants impaired in several selected NOresponsivegenes, as well as Col-0 plants treated with the NO scavenger cPTIO, were moresusceptible to B. cinerea. Taken together, our investigation deciphers part of the mechanismslinking NO production, NO-induced effects and basal resistance to Botrytis cinerea. Moregenerally, our data reinforce the concept that NO is a key mediator of plant defense responses
SM-like proteins function in mRNA degradation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The degradation of mRNA is a critical step in determining the regulation and levels of gene expression. A family of Sm-Like (Lsm) proteins containing the "Sm" sequence motif has been identified, which forms a complex with U6 snRNA and functions in pre-mRNA splicing. Moreover, Lsm proteins interact with mRNA decay factors in yeast two-hybrid analysis. One of the Lsm proteins, Lsmlp, is required for the efficient decapping of mRNA during degradation. Lsm proteins might exist as a complex since they coirrununoprecipitate with each other. Based on these observations we hypothesized that the family of Lsm proteins might be involved in mRNA degradation. We showed that mutations in seven Lsm proteins (Lsml-Lsm7) caused inhibition of decapping. These Lsm proteins co-immunoprecipitated with Dcplp (the decapping enzyme), Patlp (a decapping activator) and with mRNA, indicating that the Lsm proteins (Lsml-Lsm7) play a direct role in promoting the decapping step of mRNA degradation. In addition, the Lsm proteins seem to form distinct complexes that affect different aspects of mRNA metabolism. A nuclear Lsm complex consisting of Lsmlp through LsmSp, interacts with U6 snRNA and promotes pre-mRNA splicing. A cytoplasmic Lsm complex consisting of Lsmlp through Lsm7p binds mRNA and functions in mRNA degradation. The cytoplasmic Lsm complex plays a second role in protecting the 3' UTR of mRNA fi-om trimming. Mutations in the cytoplasmic Lsm complex caused trimming of mRNAs. The sh' mutations, which cause defects in 3' to 5' mRNA degradation
Craspedacusta cf. sowerbii Lankester, 1880 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Limnomedusae): New record for the middle plateau region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

This study reports a new record of Craspedacusta cf. sowerbii for the Municipality of Passo Fundo, located in the central plateau region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The C. cf. sowerbii specimens were collected in May 2010 in an artificial lake formed by the flooding of a former basaltic quarry. The lake is 665 m above sea level and its surface area measures around 25.000 m 2 . Its crystalline water is linked by the Miranda creek to the Passo Fundo River, part of the Uruguay River basin.
The effects of storage and processing on the properties of Arachis hypogeae (peanut).

ii Outputs . iii Author’s declaration . iv Acknowledgements . v List of contents . vi List of Figures . xi List of Tables. xii List of Abbreviations. xiii Table 2: List of fatty acid abbreviations . xvii Table 3: Peanut industrial grades . xvii Chapter 1: General introduction . 1 1.1: Introduction . 1 1.2: History. 2 1.3: Global production of peanuts . 4 1.4: Plant breeding (intensive farming) . 7 1.5: Conventional Peanuts . 8 1.6: High Oleic Peanuts . 10 1.7: Development of the Peanut Industry . 14 1.8: Health benefits . 14 1.9: Safety issues surrounding peanuts . 17 1.10: Allergens . 17 1.11: Aflatoxins . 18 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 20 2.1: Introduction . 20 2.2.1: Microstructure . 20
Trait‐related responses to habitat fragmentation in Amazonian bats

Summary: Understanding how interspecific variation in functional traits influences species’ capacity to persist in fragments and use patches in fragmented landscapes is fundamental for the creation of effective conservation plans. This study uses phylogenetic comparative methods to investigate which functional traits of bat species are correlated with their vulnerability to fragmentation in a tropical landscape with low fragment–matrix contrast. Bats were captured over two years in eight forest fragments, nine control sites in continuous forest, and in the secondary forest matrix at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Central Amazon, Brazil. We tested the hypothesis that there is a significant relationship between species functional traits, environmental gradients (continuous forest and fragment interiors, edges and matrix) and patterns of species distribution using phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) models, as well as a combination of RLQ and fourth-corner analyses. Mobility, body mass, wing morphology, and trophic level were the most important traits linked to fragmentation sensitivity based on the PGLS analysis, while body mass and trophic level emerged as the best predictors in the fourth-corner analysis. These last two traits were correlated with the loss of continuous forest characteristics, such as high-stature trees and forest cover. Many animalivorous bat species rarely persist in small fragments ( Synthesis and applications. Functional traits of species and environmental variables jointly predict local variation in patterns of bat occupancy and abundance in fragmented tropical landscapes. To minimize local extinctions, we recommend increasing habitat availability and enhancing structural and functional connectivity at the landscape scale through the creation, restoration and maintenance of corridors and stepping stones. These measures should be coupled with improving matrix quality by promoting secondary forest regeneration and persistence to effectively reduce fragment–matrix contrast.
Zróżnicowanie cech morfologicznych oraz plonu masy nadziemnej wybranych ekotypów podlaskich Poa pratensis w początkowym etapie ich rozwoju

This paper presents results of examinations carried out in 2006–2007 which aimed at performing initial differentiation of 11 Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) in respect of selected morphological traits and above-ground mass yield quantity. Measurements were carried out in the presence of two standard varieties, i.e. a lawn variety Alicia and a fodder form Skrzeszowicka. The examined population of smooth Kentucky blue-grass ecotypes proved to be relatively uniform in respect of most analysed morphological traits and green and dry matter yield quantity. Among them, object pod02 426 deserves special attention as being characterised by the best uniformity of analysed parameters and attaining higher values in relation to such traits as Lpw, Ll, Szbl and A as well as plant productivity, favourable for meadow use. Thousand seed weight did not significantly affect the value of most analysed traits, except green matter yield (r = – 0,714) and leaf blade mass (r = – 0,581). However, it was observed that forms developing longer vegetative shoots and leaf blades with larger assimilation area during 4 examination months were also characterised by higher yield of green and dry matter. K e y w o r d s: Poa pratensis, ecotypes, cultivars, morphological traits, green matter, dry matter
Roles of the HECT-Type Ubiquitin E3 Ligases of the Nedd4 and WWP Subfamilies in Neuronal Development

Protein ubiquitination is a core regulatory principle in neuronal development. In this study, I used brain specific KO mice to investigate the roles of several HECT-type Nedd4 superfamily E3 ligases, i.e. Nedd4-1, Nedd4-2, WWP1, and WWP2, during brain development. I show that Nedd4-1 and Nedd4-2 are required for neuronal axonal growth and branching in the mouse central nervous system. Previously published data indicated that the lipid phosphatase PTEN may be a relevant substrate of Nedd4-1 and Nedd4-2. However, I show that aberrant PTEN ubiquitination is not involved in the impaired axon growth upon deletion of Nedd4-1 and Nedd4-2. Rather, PTEN limits Nedd4-1 expression at the translational level by modulating the activity of mTORC1, a protein complex that controls protein synthesis and cell growth. I further show that Nedd4-1 is one of the major targets of PTEN- mTORC1 signaling in the control of neurite growth. In addition, I identify the deubiquitinase Usp9x as a binding partner of WWP1 and WWP2. WWP1 and WWP2 may counteract the function of Usp9x by interacting with Nuak1 and Nuak2, protein kinases that can be deubiquitinated and activated by Usp9x. Moreover, I show that Cdk5, a protein kinase with multiple roles in the nervous system, is ubiquitinated by WWP1 and WWP2 in vivo via a K63-linked polyubiquitin chain. Such ubiquitination of Cdk5 by WWP1 and WWP2 may alter Cdk5 activation or subcellular localization and may thus affect multiple cellular processes during brain development.
New cases of vertebrate predation by the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta), with reference to differences from Eulemur species and other primates

vertebrate predation by the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) has rarely been observed, although this species is one of the most intensively studied lemur species. in this paper, we report four new cases of vertebrate predation by ring-tailed lemurs at berenty reserve, madagascar, and summarize the characteristics of this behavior. in all cases, females preyed on chameleons in the rainy season. they caught the chameleons with their hands, killed them by biting off the heads, and subsequently ate the bodies. while they were consuming their prey, they were approached by other females, one of whom snatched the prey away. in contrast, males were not interested in the prey, except one juvenile. this study showed that vertebrate predation behavior by ring-tailed lemurs seems to be (1) one involving the craniocervical killing bite, (2) female-biased, (3) low in frequency compared to closely related eulemur species, and (4) seasonal.
Life in cold water: the physiological ecology of polar marine ectotherms

Article de synthese. Histoire geologique des oceans polaires. Resistance au froid des invertebres et poissons marins. Les proprietes physiques de l'eau de mer froide sont des proteines lipides, enzymes a basse temperature. Consommation d'oxygene. Adaptation au froid. Contraintes ecologiques