Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AN APPRAISAL OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN PROSO MILLET (Panicum miliaceum L.)

Mahalanobis D Statistic was used to estimate the genetic diversity among 50 types of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.). The types grouped themselves into as many as 15 clusters indicating wide genetic variability among them. Geographic distribution was not related to genetic diversity pointing to the availability of wide genetic variability in the types from the same geographic region. The clusters XII and XIV were highly divergent from the others. The type MS. 5201 in cluster XIV was superior in yield of grain and straw, panicle length and rachis number while MS. 1452/1 in cluster II was superior for panicle number. The type MS. 4955 in cluster VII recorded the lowest number of days to half bloom. When these types which are highly divergent are utilized in a crossing programme, a large spectrum of recombinants are likely to be unleashed. The rank total analysis disclosed that yield of grain and straw and panicle length contributed most to genetic divergence.
Corrections atmosphériques pour capteurs à très haute résolution spatiale en zone littorale

La zone littorale concentre des enjeux socio-economiques et environnementaux majeurs. Pour comprendre la dynamique des systemes associes et prevoir leurs evolutions, en particulier dans un contexte de forte pression anthropique et de changement climatique, il est necessaire de s’appuyer sur des systemes d’observation perennes fournissant des donnees robustes. Par son emprise spatiale, la teledetection de la couleur de l’eau a demontre ces dernieres annees son fort potentiel pour l’observation du littoral et tend a devenir une composante centrale des systemes d’observation. Neanmoins, les capteurs a tres haute resolution spatiale (note par la suite THRS), adaptes a l’observation petite echelle des processus physiques et bio-geochimiques qui caracterisent la dynamique de la zone littorale, presentent encore de fortes limitations necessitant des developpements techniques et scientifiques importants. Dans le cadre de cette these, je vais m’interesser au probleme des corrections atmospheriques. Ces dernieres representent une etape cle du traitement du signal en teledetection de la couleur de l’eau. Elles permettent d’extraire du signal total mesure par un radiometre embarque sur une plateforme spatiale, le signal marin. Ce signal, qui ne represente qu’environ 10% du signal total, est ensuite utilise pour mesurer, a partir de modeles d’inversion, des parametres physiques et bio-geochimiques caracterisant les systemes aquatiques marins et continentaux. Or, les methodes de corrections atmospheriques developpees pour les missions standards en couleur de l’ocean sont le plus souvent inadaptees ou inoperantes pour les capteurs THRS du fait de caracteristiques instrumentales moins poussees (faible resolution spectrales et faible rapport signal sur bruit). Mon travail a ete d’abord de developper une methode de corrections atmospheriques innovante basee sur la construction d’un modele aerosol local, le modele ISAC. Ce modele aerosol est le resultat de l’etude des variations des proprietes optiques et microphysiques des aerosols sur Arcachon, basee sur 4 annees de donnees AERONET. Cette methode a par la suite ete appliquee sur des images Landsat 8 et les resultats obtenus ont ete evalues avec d’autres methodes standards de corrections atmospheriques. Puis, une comparaison avec des donnees terrain a permis de valider et de montrer les bonnes performances de la methode. Enfin, les images corrigees avec la methode ISAC ont ete utilisees afin d’evaluer les performances d’un modele d’inversion permettant d’extraire la bathymetrie.
The Effect of Gender on Fifth-Grade Students’ Computational Thinking Skills

Computational thinking (CT) merupakan topik baru yang muncul dalam penelitian pendidikan matematika. Isu gender telah mendapat perhatian ilmiah untuk diselidiki di antara banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi CT siswa. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini berusaha untuk mengeksplorasi pengaruh gender pada keterampilan CT siswa kelas lima sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode komparatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 120 siswa kelas V di Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia. Analisis data menggunakan uji parametrik untuk membandingkan keterampilan CT siswa secara umum dan tes non parametrik untuk membandingkan keterampilan CT siswa dalam empat kompetensi yaitu dekomposisi, berpikir algoritmik, pengenalan pola, dan abstraksi. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa siswa memiliki kemampuan berpikir komputasi yang rendah dan tidak ada perbedaan kemampuan berpikir komputasi yang signifikan antara siswa laki-laki dan perempuan pada umumnya. Namun, pengenalan pola siswa laki-laki secara signifikan lebih tinggi daripada siswa perempuan. Ini menyiratkan bahwa pembuat kebijakan perlu mempertimbangkan CT sebagai bagian dari kurikulum matematika di sekolah dasar.Computational thinking (CT) becomes an emerging topic in mathematics education research. The gender issue has gained scholarly attention to be investigated among many factors affecting students' CT. Therefore, the present study seeks to explore the effect of gender on the fifth-grade students' CT skills. This study applied quantitative research using the comparative method. The subjects were 120 fifth-grade students in Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia. Data analysis used the parametric test to compare students’ CT skills in general and the non-parametric test to compare students' CT skills in four competencies, decomposition, algorithmic thinking, pattern recognition, and abstraction. The findings indicate that students have low CT skills and no significant differences in CT skills between male and female students in general. However, male students' pattern recognition is significantly higher than that of female students. This implies that policymakers need to consider CT as part of mathematics curriculum in primary schools.
A study of the feasibility of using sea and wind information from the ERS-1 satellite. Part 1: Wind scatterometer data

The use of scatterometer and altimeter data in wind and wave assimilation, and the benefits this offers for quality assurance and validation of ERS-1 data were examined. Real time use of ERS-1 data was simulated through assimilation of Seasat scatterometer data. The potential for quality assurance and validation is demonstrated by documenting a series of substantial problems with the scatterometer data, which are known but took years to establish, or are new. A data impact study, and an analysis of the performance of ambiguity removal algorithms on real and simulated data were conducted. The impact of the data on analyses and forecasts is large in the Southern Hemisphere, generally small in the Northern Hemisphere, and occasionally large in the Tropics. Tests with simulated data give more optimistic results than tests with real data. Errors in ambiguity removal results occur in clusters. The probabilities which can be calculated for the ambiguous wind directions on ERS-1 contain more information than is given by a simple ranking of the directions.
Long‐term herbivore removal experiments reveal how geese and reindeer shape vegetation and ecosystem CO2‐fluxes in high‐Arctic tundra

Given the current rates of climate change, with associated shifts in herbivore population densities, understanding the role of different herbivores in ecosystem functioning is critical for predicting ecosystem responses. Here, we examined how migratory geese and resident, non‐migratory reindeer—two dominating yet functionally contrasting herbivores—control vegetation and ecosystem processes in rapidly warming Arctic tundra. We collected vegetation and ecosystem carbon (C) flux data at peak plant growing season in the two longest running, fully replicated herbivore removal experiments found in high‐Arctic Svalbard. Experiments had been set up independently in wet habitat utilised by barnacle geese Branta leucopsis in summer and in moist‐to‐dry habitat utilised by wild reindeer Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus year‐round. Excluding geese induced vegetation state transitions from heavily grazed, moss‐dominated (only 4 g m−2 of live above‐ground vascular plant biomass) to ungrazed, graminoid‐dominated (60 g m−2 after 4‐year exclusion) and horsetail‐dominated (150 g m−2 after 15‐year exclusion) tundra. This caused large increases in vegetation C and nitrogen (N) pools, dead biomass and moss‐layer depth. Alterations in plant N concentration and CN ratio suggest overall slower plant community nutrient dynamics in the short‐term (4‐year) absence of geese. Long‐term (15‐year) goose removal quadrupled net ecosystem C sequestration (NEE) by increasing ecosystem photosynthesis more than ecosystem respiration (ER). Excluding reindeer for 21 years also produced detectable increases in live above‐ground vascular plant biomass (from 50 to 80 g m−2; without promoting vegetation state shifts), as well as in vegetation C and N pools, dead biomass, moss‐layer depth and ER. Yet, reindeer removal did not alter the chemistry of plants and soil or NEE. Synthesis. Although both herbivores were key drivers of ecosystem structure and function, the control exerted by geese in their main habitat (wet tundra) was much more pronounced than that exerted by reindeer in their main habitat (moist‐to‐dry tundra). Importantly, these herbivore effects are scale dependent, because geese are more spatially concentrated and thereby affect a smaller portion of the tundra landscape compared to reindeer. Our results highlight the substantial heterogeneity in how herbivores shape tundra vegetation and ecosystem processes, with implications for ongoing environmental change.
Constitutive Behavior of Rocks During the Seismic Cycle

Establishing a constitutive law for fault friction is a crucial objective of earthquake science. However, the complex frictional behavior of natural and synthetic gouges in laboratory experiments eludes explanations. Here, we present a constitutive framework that elucidates the rate, state, and temperature dependence of fault friction under the relevant sliding velocities and temperatures of the brittle lithosphere during seismic cycles. The competition between healing mechanisms, such as viscoelastic collapse, pressure‐solution creep, and crack sealing, explains the low‐temperature stability transition from steady‐state velocity‐strengthening to velocity‐weakening as a function of slip‐rate and temperature. In addition, capturing the transition from cataclastic flow to semi‐brittle creep accounts for the stabilization of fault slip at elevated temperatures. We calibrate the model using extensive laboratory data on synthetic albite and granite gouge, and on natural samples from the Alpine Fault and the Mugi Mélange in the Shimanto accretionary complex in Japan. The constitutive model consistently explains the evolving frictional response of fault gouge from room temperature to 600°C for sliding velocities ranging from nanometers to millimeters per second. The frictional response of faults can be uniquely determined by the in situ lithology and the prevailing hydrothermal conditions.
Perception of Current and Future Commitment of Medical Teachers to the Varied Roles of a Teacher: An Observational Study

Background Medical education is gradually moving towards self-directed learning, thus the roles of a teacher have assumed wider dimensions than before. The awareness of these roles among medical teachers has been studied in several countries, but no study on the awareness of these roles among Indian medical faculty has been found. The aim of this research was to assess the current and future commitment perception of the roles of a teacher among Indian medical faculty. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey regarding the 12 roles of a teacher, as defined by Harden and Crosby, was conducted among medical teachers in a tertiary-level hospital and medical college. The questionnaire consisted of three categories: importance in medical teaching, current commitment, and preferred future commitment to these roles, all measured on a five-point Likert scale. Results The highest mean scores were given to the roles of learning facilitator and on-the-job role model. In contrast, the lowest scores were designated to the production of study guides. Interestingly, the teachers’ current commitment to roles such as curriculum planner and course organizer was found to be low. A significant difference was observed between the three categories for the majority of the roles. Younger faculties showed significant difference among categories, while the senior professors did not show significant variations across the roles. Conclusion This study of Indian medical teachers emphasizes the decreased importance attributed to roles like curriculum planning and course organization. Further studies in other developing countries are essential to understand this issue more comprehensively.
Relative age effect

The aim of this study was to examine relative age effect (RAE) on distinctive variables and age groups in recreational football. Participants (N = 79,249) included male (n = 63,540) and female (n = 15,709) players aged 2 to 12 years. Data were gathered through an official database containing all licensed players in Denmark. Birthdate distributions were split by age category, sex, club size, year group size, and birth quarter (Q1 = January to March, Q4 = October to December). RAEs were calculated using chi-square analysis. Significant RAEs existed in all age categories (except females in U6 and below). The effect was most pronounced at the entry level among both males and females. Club size was not associated with RAEs, but were shown in smaller and midsized year groups, but were absent in larger year groups. The results of this study show that RAEs are present from early sport participation.
Examining the Nonstationary Spatial Association Between International Migration and Vulnerable Older People Living Alone in Mexico

Research on the intersection of migration and ageing is becoming increasingly relevant as older populations grow in developing countries. Understanding the challenges faced by older people, who are often left behind due to their vulnerable position, is essential for policy-making. This research examines the geographical variation in the impact of international migration on the living alone status of older people in Mexico, particularly those most at risk. The following municipal-level information was obtained from the 2020 Census: international migration, living alone, receipt of remittances, and disability. Using geographically weighted regressions, we found geographical variations in the association between international migration and living alone or being more vulnerable. Controlling for socio-demographic factors, in the southern states international migration is associated with a reduction in the proportion of adults living alone and greater vulnerability due to disability or lack of support from other households. This relationship holds for both men and women. However, in some border regions the proportion of older adults living alone and experiencing greater vulnerability increases with increasing migration, especially for women.
Infantile nystagmus: an optometrist’s perspective

Infantile nystagmus (IN), previously known as congenital nystagmus, is an involuntary to-and-fro movement of the eyes that persists throughout life. IN is one of three types of early-onset nystagmus that begin in infancy, alongside fusion maldevelopment nystagmus syndrome and spasmus nutans syndrome. Optometrists may also encounter patients with acquired nystagmus. The features of IN overlap largely with those of fusion maldevelopment nystagmus syndrome, spasmus nutans syndrome, and acquired nystagmus, yet the management for each subtype is different. Therefore, the optometrist’s role is to accurately discern IN from other forms of nystagmus and to manage accordingly. As IN is a lifelong condition, its presence not only affects the visual function of the individual but also their quality of life, both socially and psychologically. In this report, we focus on the approaches that involve optometrists in the investigation and management of patients with IN. Management includes the prescription of optical treatments, low-vision rehabilitation, and other interventions such as encouraging the use of the null zone and referral to support groups. Other treatments available via ophthalmologists are also briefly discussed in the article.
Design of Urban Space: An Inquiry into a Socio-Spatial Process

PERSPECTIVES IN URBAN SPACE. Understanding Urban Space. Structural Frameworks of Urban Space. People in the City. THE MAKING OF URBAN SPACE. Urban Design Process. Production of the Built Environment. Regulating Urban Form. Images of Perfection. Design of Urban Space. Bibliography. Index.
Variable Pay Transparency in Organizations: When are Organizations More Likely to Open Up About Pay?

Due to external pressures organizations are confronted with the need to increase pay transparency and communication. However, there is limited research that has looked at when organizations are more likely to open up about pay. This study explores whether organizations report different levels of pay transparency depending on the characteristics of their variable pay systems. Using data from HR professionals at 400 organizations collected in a multi-country study, we investigated how proportion of variable pay, existence of group-level variable pay and use of objective and absolute performance criteria are associated with procedural variable pay transparency (i.e., transparency about how pay is determined), distributive variable pay transparency (i.e., transparency about actual pay levels) and variable pay communication restriction (i.e., discouraging employees from discussing pay among themselves). Overall, our results point to both external factors (i.e., country) and internal factors (i.e., variable pay system characteristics) that are associated with variable pay transparency.
Waterways, Ice Permeability at Depth, and Water Pressures at Glacier D’Argentière, French Alps

Abstract To clear up the changes which had happened at the subglacial catchment of glacier d’Argentière, an extensive study, with 31 borings and a coring down to the bottom (240 m) was performed in 1979/80, just upstream from the catchment, in an overdeepened area. The behaviour of the water level during boring with a hot water jet, and just after, was different from one bore hole to another, mainly because transient leaks appeared in the walls of bore holes. Next, the water level fluctuated slowly, in the same way in most of the deep bore holes, showing that glacier ice below about 100 m deep is slightly pervious. What is so measured is the pore pressure of water in deep ice. The piezometric gradient between bore holes, and the time lag between fluctuations of water level, which increases with distance from the right bank, shows that there is no waterway at the bottom of the overdeepened area, save at its up-stream end. Most of the melt water must flow between ice and rock along the right bank, its free surface rising by about 150 m during the increased discharge in June. No clear-cut correlation between the bottom pore pressure and the air temperature or the discharge at the subglacial catchment down-stream was found.
A Survey of the Cockle A. antiquata, Chumbe Island

A survey of the cockle Anadara antiquata’s population was performed on the intertidal zone of Chumbe, a small island located off of Zanzibar, Tanzania. Cockle abundance and size were measured along transects laid parallel to shore at four sites, two sites on the west side and two on the east. The marine and intertidal environments on the western side of the island are protected under Chumbe Island Coral Park (CHICOP), a privately managed Marine Protected Area (MPA). However, small-scale artisanal fisheries including cockle collection by women still occur on the unprotected east side. This study will attempt to evaluate the effect of the no-take MPA on cockle populations and their interactions with associated biota. Results will indicate whether the MPA on the western side has had an effect on cockle abundance, size and distribution since extraction ceased in 1994. Additionally, the study will provide insight on the flora, fauna and sediment types that tend to be associated with A. antiquata in these two environments.
What you hear may not be what you see: Potential of citizen science methods to use bats as riverine forest quality indicators

Mediterranean habitats will be one of the Eurasian ecosystems more strongly affected by Climate Change, especially their riverine systems. Monitoring these ecosystems, which are endemism hotspots and extremely sensitive to changes in rain regimes and extreme weather events like droughts, is of crucial importance. Decades of citizen science projects have proven their utility in highlighting ecological shifts and conservation action priority areas. The Bat Monitoring Programme (www.batmonitoring.org), for instance, has already been used to develop ecological indicators to evaluate the evolution and conservation status of Mediterranean ecosystems. However, using bats as ecological indicators for aquatic ecosystems has resulted in contradicting results, making its application a little controversial. In the present study, we compared two citizen science protocols (visual counting vs. passive acoustic monitoring) used in the Bat Monitoring Programme to test the utility of trawling bats as indicators of Mediterranean riverine habitat quality at both local and landscape scales. By doing so, we aimed to build a specific ecological indicator to determine habitat quality through visual and acoustic counts. Although both protocols presented similar positive significant responses to riverine forest quality, visual counts are suggested as the best sampling approach due to their simplicity and potential within citizen science projects. Moreover, for the first time, we defined threshold values of trawling bat activity to assign different levels of habitat quality to the sampled rivers. We applied them in NE Iberia to exemplify the benefits of using them in a Mediterranean region and discussed the potential, pros and cons of these two citizen science methodologies to establish a pan‐European river biomonitoring programme using trawling bats.
The Athena Doctrine: How Women (and the Men Who Think Like Them) Will Rule the Future

Introduction: The Athena Doctrine 1 1 Great Britain 27 2 Iceland 55 3 Israel 77 4 Japan 103 5 Colombia and Peru 127 6 Kenya 149 7 India 169 8 China 189 9 Sweden, Germany, and Belgium 213 10 Bhutan 237 Conclusion: The Age of Athena 255 More Information 269 Notes 273 Acknowledgments 283 About the Authors 287 Index 291
Kauai wind power survey. Part 1. Mobile sampling program, 19 August to 5 September 1977

A wind power survey of Hawaii was conducted. A van-mounted anemometer was set up at each of 47 sites for at least 24 hours. The probable long-term average wind speed at each site was estimated by comparing the measured wind speeds to simultaneous observations made at Lihue Airport. This mobile field survey was designed to find where the winds were strongest, to describe their diurnal variation and to identify sites for fixed stations where long period monitoring should be undertaken.