Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clarifications of a Puzzle: The Decline in Nutritional Status at the Onset of Modern Economic Growth in the United States

Bodenhom, Guinnane, and Mroz (2017) are critical of anthropometric research using based on non-random samples. Declining height trends in military and prison data, they argue, are artifacts of negative selection during favorable labor market conditions. We study height trends in the United States in the antebellum decades, which coincided with the onset of modem economic growth. We find that neither the historical evidence nor their own statistical analysis support their views. The decline in physical stature in the decades before the Civil War was real, as Zimran (2019) has also shown.
Conservation Value of World Natural Heritage Sites’ Outstanding Universal Value via Multiple Techniques—Bogda, Xinjiang Tianshan

The protection of World Natural Heritage Sites (WNHSs) has become a global undertaking, wherein Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) is an important aspect of heritage protection. Focusing on the protection of the aesthetic and bioecological values of Bogda (one component of Xinjiang Tianshan WNHS), 17 indicators are selected to construct a Heritage Value Protection Significance Index (HVPSI) and a related Heritage Value Protection Index (HVI). From these, the level of OUV conservation is obtained according to the five aspects of integrity, vulnerability, sensitivity, degree of human impact and environmental factors. The spatial autocorrelation analysis method was applied to the OUV conservation indices to comprehensively reflect the spatial-pattern characteristics of the heritage value in the study area. According to the spatial-division of the HVPSI, the plant community composition and diversity characteristics of different HVPSI zones are analyzed by a field survey (July 2018 and 2019). To verify the rationality of space partition and identify the OUV elements in each HVPSI district, a spatial-econometric model is then used to explore the relationship among HVPSI, HVI and community diversity. This study provides a scientific basis for management of heritage sites and a theoretical basis for further investigation into heritage site indicators.
Education for Sustainable Development: A Study in Adolescent Perception Changes Towards Sustainability Following a Strategic Planning-Based Intervention—The Young Persons’ Plan for the Planet Program

In 2016, the United Nations (UN) launched the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a framework for sustainable development and a sustainable future. However, the global challenge has been to engage, connect, and empower communities, particularly young people, to both understand and deliver the 17 SDGs. In this study, we show the benefit of a strategic planning-based experiential learning tool, the Young Persons’ Plan for the Planet (YPPP) Program, to improve the underlying competencies of Australian and Mauritian adolescents in increasing understanding and delivering the SDGs. The study was conducted with 300 middle to senior high school students, in 25 schools throughout Australia and Mauritius, over an 18-month period. The intervention included the development of research, strategic planning, management, STEM (Science Technology, Engineering, Maths) and global competency skills in the students, to enable them to build and deliver regional and national SDG plans. Research methods included pre- and post-intervention testing of the attitudes of these students to sustainable development outcomes and compared these attitudes to subsets of scientists and the Australian national population. Our results, from both qualitative and quantitative evidence, demonstrate significant improvements in these adolescents’ appreciation of, and attitudes towards, the SDGs and sustainable outcomes, across a range of key parameters. The results from the 76 students who attended the International Conference in Mauritius in December 2018 demonstrate significant improvements in mean levels of understanding, and attitudes of the students towards the SDGs awareness (+85%), understanding/engagement (+75%), motivation (+57%), and action orientation/empowerment (+66%). These changes were tested across a range of socio-demographic, geographic, and cultural parameters, with consistent results. These findings have significant implications for the challenge of sustainable education and achieving community engagement and action towards the SDGs in Australia and Mauritius, particularly for young people. As the intervention can be replicated and scaled, the findings also highlight the opportunity to extend both the research and this type of experiential learning intervention across both broader geographies and other generation and community segments.
National Apprenticeship Survey: Canada overview report 2007

The National Apprenticeship Survey (NAS) 2007 looks at factors affecting the completion, certification and transition of apprentices to the labour market. It builds on the content and experience gained through two previous surveys on apprentices, the first completed in 1989 and 1990 and the second in 1994 and 1995. The 2007 survey was a collaborative effort on the part of Human Resources and Social Development Canada (HRSDC), apprenticeship authorities in each of the provinces and territories, and Statistics Canada. The work was carried out under the guidance of the Canadian Council of Directors of Apprenticeship (CCDA). The data presented in this national report will allow reviewers to compare labour outcomes for discontinuers and completers, identify reasons for interest and obstacles to registration, study barriers to completion by trade, and analyze the perception of the apprentice on their in-class and on-the-job training. It will also help answer questions about the mobility of apprentices during and after their programs.
CHINA’S HIGHER EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT: POLICY REVIEW AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Not only playing a role in creating and spreading knowledge, higher education institutions can also make a positive contribution to a nation’s economic development and its social welfare improvement. The Chinese government has made some adjustments to its state management policy toward higher education; subsequently, massification of higher education was achieved, and several top world ranking and world-renowned universities were built as a result of projects 985 and 211. This study focuses on analyzing China's higher education system, law/legal system, and by-law documents on improving higher education; from that, the research can identify the core problems in the development of higher education system in China as well as the content needed to be solved in the coming years.
Financial statements timeliness: The case of Malaysian listed industrial product companies

Timeliness of corporate annual financial reports is a crucial factor which affects the usefulness of information made available to external users especially investors. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of corporate governance towards companies’ performances which consequently affect the timeliness of any report submitted to the local authority. This study takes the industrial product sector and the annual reports of companies operating therein and a list of submission dates of annual report to Bursa Malaysia by Malaysian public listed companies for data analysis. Regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between corporate governance and company’s performance using return on asset (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) which will eventually affect the timeliness submission of the annual report to Bursa Malaysia. The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) duality and independent audit committee carry a significant relationship with timeliness of financial reporting whereas 8.8% of the studied companies submit early within the statutory requirement while the remaining 91.2% submit timely. Keyword: timeliness, corporate governance, Bursa Malaysia, audit committee, practitioners GholamReza Zandi and Nur Amalina Abdullah
Sustainable Tourism in the Open Innovation Realm: A Bibliometric Analysis

This study evaluates bibliometric analysis of sustainable tourism in the open innovation realm, depicts emerging themes, and offers critical discussion for theory development and further research. Through the use of bibliometrix, this paper investigates the amount of studies conducted in this area and verifies if such studies have represented a contribution to the evolving research in the field of sustainable tourism. Specifically, the paper identifies whether and to what extent scholars have explored these interconnections and maps to get to a conceptual structure of the field under investigation. The results identify the development status and the leading trends in terms of impact, main journals, papers, topics, authors, and countries. The analysis and the graphical presentations are crucial, as they can help both researchers and practitioners to better understand the state of the art of sustainable tourism in the experiential and digital era.
The politics of urban expertise

ions abound. Anxiety is reduced. Professionals isolate in order to control, and this hermeneutic move enable professionals to claim that their depiction captures the foundational nature, the truth, of the place. (Beauregard 2005, p. 41) In response to that, counter forms of expertise emerge to make the invisible visible, challenging the partial abstractions created by professional experts this has been widely explored in critical GIS studies (e.g. Peluso 1995, Harris and Weiner 1998, Elwood and Leitner 2003, Perkins 2004, Elwood 2006, Cidell 2008, Brown and Knopp 2008, Crampton 2009). Insurgent practices aim to challenge dominant abstractions and the logic of control they support, often subverting the scientific tools mobilised by professional experts or governments to make visible aspects of the urban that are obscured. Dominant forms of urban expertise support the division of urban characteristics which, once isolated, are reified as both objects of study and of concrete interventions objects that can be controlled. 2.1. 3 Abstraction as control Beyond the planning field, expert professions involved in the production of knowledge about the urban have been shown, in many cases, to either hold power over space or to work for those who hold such power. Indeed, whilst the domination of the state in making urban space is evident throughout history, other actors’ 7 According to Lefebvre, the scientific division of knowledge production belongs to the realm of the “ideal space,” the realm of ideas, of mental categories which is heavily infused by mathematical and logical thought. This idealised, cut, specialised space is, according to him, a “dead space” (‘un espace mort’) and this specialisation of urban expertise has, to him, led to ineffective spatial strategies and designs as they negate everyday urban life.
A Cointegration Analysis of Economic Growth and CO_2 Emissions: A Case Study of Malaysia.

The paper aims to establish a long-run and the Granger causal relationship between economic growth, emissions, international trade, energy consumption, and population density in Malaysia. The study will use annual data from 1970 to 2014. A unique cointegrating relationship between our variables was identified. The study employed the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag model to examine the Environmental Kuznets Curve . Our empirical results analysis showed a long-run relationship between per capita emissions and our explanatory variables . To investigate the Granger causal relationship between , the Vector Error Correction Model was employed and our results, associated the absence of Granger causality between emissions and economic growth in the short-run while revealing a uni-directional Granger causality movement from economic growth to emissions in the long-run. Hence, an increase in will lead to a rise in emissions in Malaysia.
How destination music affects tourists’ behaviors: travel with music in Lijiang, China

ABSTRACT Recent music tourism researches are notable owing to growing socioeconomic significance of music. But the question about how music affects tourists’ behaviors in travel practice remains there. This study explores the effects of music on tourists’ behaviors by deploying a survey of tourists in Lijiang old town which is famous for abundant musical cultures. Results show that tourists’ behavioral intentions are influenced by music-induced emotions which are stimulated by music perception and music cognition. This paper provides a new insight into music characteristics in tourism and new ways for how tourism destinations engage with music.
New Players, Same Old Game

Since the eighties, the political face of Mexico has been gradually changing. There has been a shift from the hegemony of the official Institutional Revolutionary Party to a more egalitarian distribution of power, in which the other two main parties (National Action Party and Democratic Revolution Party) have gained salience at national, state and local levels. Nonetheless, it is still not clear the impact of this reconfiguration on news organizations. Based upon a case study conducted in Morelia (the capital city of Michoacan), this research argues that, despite the arrival of diverse political parties to the national, state and local administrations, the relationship between reporters and high rank political authorities remains the same. That is, the exchange of favours – economic most of the times – still determines the way news organizations and politicians interact. In short, rather than change, continuity is the rule of the journalistic practice, at least in the provinces of Mexico.
Native and Non-Native EFL Teachers Dichotomy: Terminological, Competitiveness and Employment Discrimination

The application of ‘native’ and ‘non-native’ labels to EFL professionals has been influenced by the argument over their discriminatory nature. L1 proponents claim that natives are innate with linguistic competence while non-natives are referred to as second-best. A review of studies investigating the coherence of these terms supported the validity of this phenomenon. However, competing theories emphasise the importance and impact of discriminatory terminology not addressed by natives This paper looks at this debate in some detail and aims to balance the need for accurate descriptive labelling against the damaging effects of pejorative categories. It also discusses teaching and linguistic competence in light of both “native” and “non-native” categories. The discourse focuses on the advantages and disadvantages attributed to the native versus non-native EFL teacher and employment discrimination issues faced by non-native EFL teachers in institutions, job advertisements, and in the administration of institutions themselves today. It was concluded that a more refined approach to describing different types of EFL professionals is required, which does not negatively disadvantage either L1 or L2 teachers of English.
Patterns and Causes of Food Waste in the Hospitality and Food Service Sector: Food Waste Prevention Insights from Malaysia

Food waste has formidable detrimental impacts on food security, the environment, and the economy, which makes it a global challenge that requires urgent attention. This study investigates the patterns and causes of food waste generation in the hospitality and food service sector, with the aim of identifying the most promising food waste prevention measures. It presents a comparative analysis of five case studies from the hospitality and food service (HaFS) sector in Malaysia and uses a mixed-methods approach. This paper provides new empirical evidence to highlight the significant opportunity and scope for food waste reduction in the HaFS sector. The findings suggest that the scale of the problem is even bigger than previously thought. Nearly a third of all food was wasted in the case studies presented, and almost half of it was avoidable. Preparation waste was the largest fraction, followed by buffet leftover and then customer plate waste. Food waste represented an economic loss equal to 23% of the value of the food purchased. Causes of food waste generation included the restaurants’ operating procedures and policies, and the social practices related to food consumption. Therefore, food waste prevention strategies should be twofold, tackling both the way the hospitality and food service sector outlets operate and organise themselves, and the customers’ social practices related to food consumption.
ROLE OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE IN MANAGING FLOODS PROJECTS

Climate change is increasing the frequency of disasters in the world. Accordingly, disaster management strategies are also changing. The UN has focused on acknowledging the Indigenous Knowledge in disaster management strategies. In this study, the village Khursheed in District Sargodha has been focused due to facing frequent floods since decades. They have developed some methods to counter floods. The study was qualitative containing three focus group discussions and thirty interviews, reveals that villagers have devised their own flood forecast and early warning systems. The indigenous methods of constructions of buildings and agricultural techniques have rendered the village more resilient. The elevated spiritual level has enhanced their immune system to face floods. The government needs to devise local level disaster management strategies which should incorporate indigenous and modern knowledge.
Therapeutic effect of flaxseed oil on experimental pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in rats

Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive disorder in which excessive deposition of extracellular matrix leads to irreversible scarring to interstitial lung tissue. In this study, we search to evaluate the therapeutic effect of flaxseed oil (FO) in experimental bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. During our study, 30 male Wistar rats (weight range, 180–220 g) were divided into three groups: the control group (W) received no treatment; the second group (C) received BLM; and the third group (T) received BLM and FO for 21 days. Metabolites present in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) marking the changes obtained following treatment with FO were determined, histological changes in the lungs were evaluated, fatty acids present in lungs and erythrocytes of rats groups were determined by gas chromatography, and oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity in the lung tissue were also recorded. Our results displayed that rat body weight decreased while fibrosis score and inflammatory index in lung tissue were significantly increased after bleomycin instillation. Administration of bleomycin followed by FO treatment reduced bleomycin-induced weight loss, increased proline, glucose, and glycerid rates in BALF and which are characterized by their anti-inflammatory effect and confirming the histological results proved by a decrease in inflammatory index and fibrosis score. This oil also significantly reduced thiobarbitunic acid reactive substance levels in the lungs of rats and increased levels of SOD and CAT and increased fatty acids levels promoting anti-inflammatory reactions especially in erythrocytes (linoleic, arachidonic, docosapentaenoic, and dihomo-γ-linoleic acids). In conclusion, these findings indicate that FO treatment significantly attenuated the increased pulmonary damage induced by bleomycin.
THE IMPORTANCE OF LANGUAGE AND CULTURE IN PAEDIATRIC ASTHMA CARE: COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS BETWEEN DOCTORS AND XHOSA SPEAKING PARENTS OF CHILDREN AT A PAEDIATRIC TEACHING HOSPITAL

Language, ethnicity, race and socio-economic fac- tors are interlinked and are associated with differ- ences in access to health care. Of these, language differences are an important l factor contributing to adverse health outcomes. A qualitative study of asthma care showed patient dissatisfaction with communication, stemming from ineffective commu- nication and low use of same-language interviews or interpreters. Transcripts from interviews illustrate the difficulties experienced by patients and doctors, and document adverse health outcomes such as inadequate treatment, overdosage and loss to fol- low-up. Discordant use of medical terminology by doctors and parents, culturally different explanations of disease and ineffective use of interpreters by doctors are suggested as contributing factors to dif- ficulty with communication.
Host–Guest and Guest–Guest Interactions of P- and N-Containing Structure Directing Agents Entrapped inside MFI-Type Zeolite by Multinuclear NMR Spectroscopy

Highly crystalline pure silica MFI zeolites have been synthesized using tetraethylammonium (TEA), tetraethylphosphonium (TEP), or a mixture of both cations in different proportions as organic structure directing agents (OSDAs). The zeolites have been deeply characterized in order to get insight about the guest–guest interactions involving the OSDAs and the guest–host interactions involving the OSDAs and the inorganic framework, as well as the main features of the resulting materials. The results show that the average size of the MFI crystals decreases when TEP is present within the zeolite and that this cation is homogeneously distributed throughout the crystallites. The multinuclear NMR investigation (1H, 13C, 14N, 19F, 29Si, 31P) indicates that TEP interacts with the zeolite host creating higher heterogeneity of the SiO4 crystallographic sites and a diminution on the mobility of fluorine atoms incorporated into the zeolite. Moreover, the presence of TEP influences the dynamics of the nitrogen atoms of t.
The Probability of Informed Trading and Mergers and Acquisitions

This paper investigates the role of the probability of informed trading (PIN) in mergers and acquisitions. We show that acquirers with higher PINs use more cash to finance their deals due to their higher cost of equity, and acquirers use more equity financing when acquiring targets with higher PINs to share the information risk with the target shareholders. We also find that acquirers and targets with higher PINs both experience higher announcement returns when cash financing is used indicating that PINs are priced in the M&amp;A market.
A Schema of Right-Wing Extremism in the United States

Over the past two years, and in the wake of deadly attacks in Charlottesville and Pittsburgh, attention paid to right-wing extremism in the United States has grown. Most of this attention focuses on racist extremism, overlooking other forms of right-wing extremism. This article presents a schema of three main forms of right-wing extremism in the United States in order to more clearly understand the landscape: racist extremism, nativist extremism, and anti-government extremism. Additionally, it describes the two primary subcategories of anti-government extremism: the patriot/militia movement and sovereign citizens. Finally, it discusses whether this schema can be applied to right-wing extremism in non-U.S. contexts.
Collaborative Speculation and Overvaluation: Evidence from Social Media

I use data from StockTwits and Twitter to provide evidence that investor attention on social media in the period before earnings is related to short-term overvaluation, consistent with bullish investors herding around common information. In the 2 to 60 days after earnings, returns for companies in the highest quintile of pre-earnings announcement investor attention are 4.2 percent lower than those of companies in the lowest quintile. I find evidence that the negative post-earnings drift result found in this study is related to investors waiting until after earnings are announced to enact costly arbitrage strategies. I further examine intraand inter-network herding and find evidence that social media influences investors beyond the population of active users. This study contributes to prior literature on herding, social media, and speculation and arbitrage. ©2019 by Adam Booker All Rights Reserved