Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy rules based model for solute dispersion in an open channel dead zone.

A method has been developed to estimate turbulent dispersion based on fuzzy rules that use local transverse velocity shears to predict turbulent velocity fluctuations. Turbulence measurements of flow around a rectangular dead zone in an open channel laboratory flume were conducted using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) probe. The mean velocity and turbulence characteristics in and around the shear zone were analysed for different flows and geometries. Relationships between the mean transverse velocity shear and the turbulent velocity fluctuations are encapsulated in a simple set of fuzzy rules. The rules are included in a steady-state hybrid finite-volume advection–diffusion scheme to simulate the mixing of hot water in an open-channel dead zone. The fuzzy rules produce a fuzzy number for the magnitude of the average velocity fluctuation at each cell boundary. These are then combined within the finite-volume model using the single-value simulation method to give a fuzzy number for the temperature in each cell. The results are compared with laboratory flume data and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation from PHOENICS. The fuzzy model compares favourably with the experiment data and offers an alternative to traditional CFD models.
Rotor Wake Investigation Under Autorotation Condition in Water Tunnel

This paper focuses on the wake features of autorotation status mainly including the induced velocity and tip vortex trajectory in order to preliminary explanation the principle of rotation. In this work, the flow features of autorotating rotor were investigated in water tunnel via particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. The experiments were conducted with a two-blade single rotor which can freely rotate. The stable rotational speed with various pitch and shaft backward angle was recorded and analyzed. The results show that there is a threshold value of stable rotational speed at shaft backward angle and an optimal region at pitch angle. The PIV results showed that the velocity of the internal wake was much lower than the external, indicating a consuming of energy from the flow, which was in accord with momentum theory. The vortices have three prominent parts: tip vortices, wake sheets and root vortices. There is no apparent interference between wake sheets and tip vortices. The vorticity of the tip was observed to increase in near wake due to lesser interference with the sheets. The Beddoes’s model was employed to calculate the tip vortex location with respect to the rotor. The experimental results are in good agreement with the calculated results. It is meaningful for the study to enrich the autorotation theory of rotor and develop underwater rotorcraft.
Distinct Molecular Patterns of Two-Component Signal Transduction Systems in Thermophilic Cyanobacteria as Revealed by Genomic Identification

Simple Summary Although the two-component system is known to play considerable roles in sensing and responding to environmental signals, there is little information regarding the two-component systems of thermophilic cyanobacteria. Herein, we investigated the structure and architecture of two-component systems in 17 well-described thermophilic cyanobacteria. The results revealed a fascinating complexity and diversity of these systems. Moreover, the distinct composition of genes related to these systems existed among these thermophilic cyanobacteria. In addition, we found diversified domain architectures of histidine kinases and response regulators, putatively in association with various functions. Furthermore, horizontal gene transfer, as well as duplications events, might be involved in the evolutionary history of genes relevant to these systems in certain genera. The obtained data will highlight that the genomes of thermophilic cyanobacteria have a broad potential for acclimations to environmental fluctuations. Abstract Two-component systems (TCSs) play crucial roles in sensing and responding to environmental signals, facilitating the acclimation of cyanobacteria to hostile niches. To date, there is limited information on the TCSs of thermophilic cyanobacteria. Here, genome-based approaches were used to gain insights into the structure and architecture of the TCS in 17 well-described thermophilic cyanobacteria, namely strains from the genus Leptodesmis, Leptolyngbya, Leptothermofonsia, Thermoleptolyngbya, Thermostichus, and Thermosynechococcus. The results revealed a fascinating complexity and diversity of the TCSs. A distinct composition of TCS genes existed among these thermophilic cyanobacteria. A majority of TCS genes were classified as orphan, followed by the paired and complex cluster. A high proportion of histidine kinases (HKs) were predicted to be cytosolic subcellular localizations. Further analyses suggested diversified domain architectures of HK and response regulators (RRs), putatively in association with various functions. Comparative and evolutionary genomic analyses indicated that the horizontal gene transfer, as well as duplications events, might be involved in the evolutionary history of TCS genes in Thermostichus and Thermosynechococcus strains. A comparative analysis between thermophilic and mesophilic cyanobacteria indicated that one HK cluster and one RR cluster were uniquely shared by all the thermophilic cyanobacteria studied, while two HK clusters and one RR cluster were common to all the filamentous thermophilic cyanobacteria. These results suggested that these thermophile-unique clusters may be related to thermal characters and morphology. Collectively, this study shed light on the TCSs of thermophilic cyanobacteria, which may confer the necessary regulatory flexibility; these findings highlight that the genomes of thermophilic cyanobacteria have a broad potential for acclimations to environmental fluctuations.
Nanoparticles Based on Chondroitin Sulfate from Tuna Heads and Chitooligosaccharides for Enhanced Water Solubility and Sustained Release of Curcumin

This study aimed to separate chondroitin sulfate (CS) from the heads of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), by-products derived from canned tuna processing, via a biological process. The use of 1% w/w papain and an incubation time of 48 h resulted in a degree of hydrolysis of 93.75 ± 2.94% and a CS content of 59.53 ± 1.77 mg/100 g. The FTIR spectra of extracted CS products exhibited identical functional groups found in commercially available CS. The molecular weights of CS extracted from skipjack and yellowfin tuna heads were 11.0 kDa and 7.7 kDa, respectively. Subsequently, a CH:CS ratio of 3:2 for CS and chitooligosaccharides (CH) was chosen as the optimal ratio for the preparation of spherical nanoparticles, with %EE, mean particle size, PDI, and zeta potential values of 50.89 ± 0.66%, 128.90 ± 3.29 nm, 0.27 ± 0.04, and −12.47 ± 2.06, respectively. The CU content was enhanced to 127.21 ± 1.66 μg/mL. The release of CU from this particular nanosystem involved mainly a drug diffusion mechanism, with a burst release in the first 3 h followed by a sustained release of CU over 24 h. The DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity results confirmed the efficient encapsulation of CU into CHCS nanoparticles. This study will provide a theoretical basis for CS derived from tuna head cartilages to be used as a functional component with specific functional properties in food and biomedical applications.
Quality Assessment of Burdekin Plum (Pleiogynium timoriense) during Ambient Storage

Pleiogynium timoriense, commonly known as Burdekin plum (BP), is among many Australian native plants traditionally used by Indigenous people. However, only limited information is available on the nutritional and sensory quality of BP grown in Australia as well as its changes during storage. Therefore, this study evaluated the quality of BP during one week of ambient storage (temperature 21 °C, humidity 69%). Proximate analysis revealed a relatively high dietary fiber content in BP (7–10 g/100 g FW). A significant reduction in fruit weight and firmness (15–30% and 60–90%, respectively) with distinguishable changes in flesh color (ΔE > 3) and an increase in total soluble solids (from 11 to 21 °Brix) could be observed during storage. The vitamin C and folate contents in BP ranged from 29 to 59 mg/100g FW and 0.3 to 5.9 μg/100g FW, respectively, after harvesting. A total phenolic content of up to 20 mg GAE/g FW and ferric reducing antioxidant power of up to 400 μmol Fe2+/g FW in BP indicate a strong antioxidant capacity. In total, 34 individual phenolic compounds were tentatively identified in BP including cyanidin 3-galactoside, ellagic acid and gallotannins as the main phenolics. Principle component analysis (PCA) of the quantified phenolics indicated that tree to tree variation had a bigger impact on the phenolic composition of BP than ambient storage. Sensory evaluation also revealed the diversity in aroma, appearance, texture, flavor and aftertaste of BP. The results of this study provide crucial information for consumers, growers and food processors.
Carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth: A structural approach

This paper uses data for 44 countries from 1970-1990, to investigate the relationship between economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions. Empirical results are obtained from a structural model from the empirical growth literature modified to include environmental 'bads'. Results suggest that richer countries exhibit technical progress in a way that economizes on carbon dioxide emissions but that poorer countries do not. Furthermore, there is no indication that the growth process is leading poorer countries to move towards the adoption of the same pollution-ameliorating technology as characterizes richer countries.
A dielectric fluid drop in an electric field

In this paper an appropriate extension of the virial method developed by Chandrasekhar is used to systematically re-examine the equilibrium and stability of an incompressible dielectric fluid drop situated in a uniform electric field. The equilibrium shapes are initially assumed to be ellipsoidal; and it is shown that only prolate spheroids elongated in the direction of the applied field are compatible with the moment equations of lowest order. The relation between the equilibrium elongation a/b and the dimensionless parameter x = FR1/2/T1/2, where F is the applied field, R = (ab2)1/2, and T is the surface tension, is obtained for every dielectric permeability e. This relation is monotonic if e ≤ 20.801; but if 20.801 < e < ∞, there exist as many as three different equilibrium elongations (configurations) for some values of x less than 2.0966. Conditions for the onset of instability are obtained from an examination of the characteristic frequencies of oscillation associated with secondharmonic deformations of the equilibrium configurations. Dielectrics having e > 20.801 exhibit instability while those having e ≤ 20.801 do not. In the former case, where there are three different equilibrium configurations for the same value of x, only the middle one is unstable.
Device Temperature Measurement of Highly Biased AlGaN/GaN High-Electron-Mobility Transistors

By performing micro-photoluminescence measurements, we investigated the dissipated power dependence and spatial variation of the device temperature of highly biased AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors on a sapphire substrate, with a special focus on the relationship between device temperature and device geometry. We found that the device temperature is higher and its variation inside the channel is more marked in wider devices. We also observed a high-temperature area in the vicinity of the devices. We compared these features with calculations and achieved semi-quantitative agreement.
Crisis, What Crisis? The Effect of Economic Crises on Spending on Online and Offline Gambling in Spain: Implications for Preventing Gambling Disorder

(1) Background: In the period between 2008 and 2020, the world experienced two global economic crises that affected people’s way of life and well-being: the financial crisis of 2008 and that precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the crises’ radically different causes, their consequences for economic activity have been equally dramatic; (2) Methods: This article analyzes the consequences of both crises on gambling spending in Spain and compares traditional (offline) games with more recent online offerings. The data were collected from databases maintained by the Spanish government and gambling companies; (3) Results: The paper offers two main conclusions. The first is that, while traditional (offline) gambling has been significantly affected by economic crises, online gambling has exhibited consistent growth since its legalization. The second is that the measures implemented to resolve the two economic crises differed significantly and thus had different impacts on spending on the various types of gambling; (4) Conclusions: The key conclusion is that purchasing power (measured in terms of GDP) can only explain spending on less addictive gambling games, such as lotteries. However, the availability and accessibility of games are both directly related to spending on games of all types.
STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF HADAMARD DESIGNS

ii " Structural properties of Hadamard designs, " a dissertation prepared This dissertation focusses on structural properties of Hadamard designs. These are designs obtained from Hadamard matrices, which have been crucial objects of combinatorial study for over 100 years. The structural properties of interest are: lines, colines, good points and good blocks. These properties have a geometric flavor , and allow us to apply ideas from finite geometry. We also closely examine constructions such as the " doubling " construction of Todd and the " tensor product " construction. By combining the geometrical information with properties of these constructions, we prove our two main results: 1. Given the existence of a Hadamard design of order n, we derive an exponential lower bound for the number of non-isomorphic Hadamard designs of order 2n. 2. Given a finite group G, we construct an infinite family of Hadamard designs with full automorphism group isomorphic to G. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I want to thank Dr. Bill Kantor for his guidance, and for the wisdom, humour and passion he has brought to the advising process. I've known Bill since he first taught me how to take a determinant 11 years ago, and he has guided me through an assortment of wonderful mathematics ever since. I owe an unpayable debt of gratitude to my fiancee Stephenie Frank. Without her support and patience, I never would have gotten this far. To my family and friends (you know who you are), thank you for the love, support and laughter.
Be Prosocial My Friend: The Social Disconnection Model of Perfectionism in Adolescents Immersed in Competitive Sport

The aim of the present study is to explore the relationships between cognitive–behavioral patterns of perfectionism in the context of competitive sport and both prosociality and aggressiveness in a sample of adolescents competing in federated sports. A cross-sectional and non-randomized study was designed using a selective methodology on a sample of adolescents (N = 234) competing in federated sports. Scales to assess aggressiveness, perfectionism, prosocial behavior, and competitiveness were administrated. The results show that as age increases, prosocial behaviors increase and aggressive behaviors and competitiveness decrease, while there was no one significant perfectionist tendency. Competitiveness showed a direct relationship with aggressive (positive) and prosocial behaviors (negative). Self-oriented perfectionistic behavior showed a direct and significant relationship with prosocial behaviors, but no significant relationship with aggressive responses. As P-SP and P-OD tendencies increased, significantly smaller links were shown with prosocial behaviors, but greater links were shown with aggressive behaviors. A path (mediation) model showed a positive and predictive relationship with aggressive behaviors and a negative relationship with prosocial altruistic behaviors. The negative influence of criticism from significant figures in their environment and unrealistic expectations about their performance are relevant to difficulties in self-regulating social relationships in adolescents. Hence, it is a challenge to promote prosocial resources (as a protective value for aggressive behaviors) in the face of the early angst of young athletes, who put their maturity to the test under conditions of high pressure and demands. The present study continues to reinforce the line drawn on perfectionism and prosocial development in young people in sports contexts where young people, measured early on according to their performance, can accentuate and deepen competitive tendencies that alter their adaptive and self-regulatory capacities, as well as their psychosocial projection.
Graphical Processing of Geodesic Propagation in Python

Black holes and other compact objects are powerful tools to observationally test Einsteins theory of General Relativity. We develop raytracing code to create visual images of compact objects that are solutions of Einsteins field equations. These include Kerr black holes and Manko-Novikov spacetimes with extra independent multipole moments. Using parallel processing on a graphical processing unit we can trace the millions of geodesics required to create such images of compact objects. The loss of symmetry in Manko-Novikov spacetime leads to strange features such as chaotic regions in the dynamics. We also analyse other properties of geodesics, such as their exit times from the strong field nearby the object, their redshift, or behaviour near capture regions. We also add objects such as accretion disks to our spacetime, and determine how they are lensed by the object. The main draw of this code is it's efficiency and simplicity, as it allows for creating these images even on older hardware, while still allowing any time independent metric to be studied. The code is publicly available on github.
A Smartphone-Based Assessment of Hearing Impairment among Students of a Medical College, Delhi, India- A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: The burden of hearing impairment in India is substantially high, largely preventable, and avoidable. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hearing impairment using a smartphone-based tool among medical students and to study the factors associated, including personal audio device usage in a medical college hospital in Delhi, India. Material and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among undergraduate medical students. The study participants were enrolled via. Stratified random sampling. We assessed hearing impairment via—HearWHO application with scores ranging from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 100 with categorization into i) above 75 ii) 50-75 iii) below 50. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 96 study participants were included, with the mean age of study participants as 20.3±1.4 years. On assessment with HearWHO, 36 (37.5%) were in the category of score above 75, 51 (53.1%) in score category 50-75, and 9 (9.4%) in score below 50. The overall mean score of the hearing assessment was 68.9±13.4 (Range: 12 to 94). Among the earphone device users, 27.1% do not comply with volume alerts on user devices. Conclusion: Among the study population, 9.4% of the study participants were likely to be having hearing loss and 53.1% should be screened regularly for hearing impairment. Addressing hearing loss remains crucial among the young population, especially the medical professionals, which is feasible and imperative in the current scenario.
Recent Progress in Proteins-Based Micelles as Drug Delivery Carriers

Proteins-derived polymeric micelles have gained attention and revolutionized the biomedical field. Proteins are considered a favorable choice for developing micelles because of their biocompatibility, harmlessness, greater blood circulation and solubilization of poorly soluble drugs. They exhibit great potential in drug delivery systems as capable of controlled loading, distribution and function of loaded agents to the targeted sites within the body. Protein micelles successfully cross biological barriers and can be incorporated into various formulation designs employed in biomedical applications. This review emphasizes the recent advances of protein-based polymeric micelles for drug delivery to targeted sites of various diseases. Most studied protein-based micelles such as soy, gelatin, casein and collagen are discussed in detail, and their applications are highlighted. Finally, the future perspectives and forthcoming challenges for protein-based polymeric micelles have been reviewed with anticipated further advances.
“Corp-Osa-Mente”, a Combined Psychosocial–Neuropsychological Intervention for Adolescents and Young Adults with Fragile X Syndrome: An Explorative Study

Fragile X Syndrome is the most known inherited form of intellectual disability due to an expansion in the full mutation range (>200 CGG repeats) of the promoter region of the FMR1 gene located on X chromosomes leading to gene silencing. Despite clear knowledge of the cognitive-behavioral phenotype of FXS and the necessity of tailored interventions, empirical research on the effectiveness of behavioral treatments among patients with FXS is still lacking, with studies on adolescents and young adults even more insufficient. Here we present “Corposamente”, a combined psychosocial–neuropsychological intervention conducted with a group of ten adolescents/young adults with FXS, who are non-ASD and without significant behavioral problems. In total, 20 sessions were performed, alternating between online and face-to-face meetings. At the end of the intervention, participants, family members and participants’ educators anonymously completed a survey that was designed around key areas of improvement as well as treatment satisfaction. The survey results indicated that participants improved mostly in their ability to cope with negative emotions and that occupational intervention was considered the most effective technique both from families and participants. Our exploratory study suggests that group therapy for the management of the FXS cognitive-behavioral phenotype may be a promising approach to continue to pursue, mostly in adolescence when the environmental demands increase.
Concentration Redistribution Phenomena in the Shear Flow of Monolayers of Suspended Particles

The full range of phenomena occurring in the flow of suspensions remains still unexplored. This paper describes phenomena observed in a neutrally buoyant suspension consisting of a single layer (a monolayer) of rigid spherical particles, flowing through a 220‐cm long rectangular channel of high‐aspect ratio (1:16) with its minor dimension (116in.) 1.6 times larger than the particle diameter. The flow was investigated over a range of particle Reynolds numbers between 101 and 407, and of concentrations between 1.7 and 5%. Concentration distributions obtained from a detailed analysis of direct photographic observations show the existence of four consecutive regions as the suspension moves down the channel: (a) an initial region, close to the channel entrance, characterized by essentially uniform particle distribution. (b) A region in which the particles move away from the wall forming a particle‐free layer next to it. The core containing the particles does not have a uniform concentration distribution but ex.