Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of the Methods for Calculating Ampacity of Underground Power Cables

Endurance of an insulation material to high temperatures determines the maximum current-carrying capacity (ampacity) of an underground power cable. Cable ampacity is calculated conventionally using the installation conditions and maximum steady-state operation temperature according to IEC-60287 standard. In this article, finite element method results are compared with IEC-60287. A further verification has also been made with experiments. In this work, ampacity analyzes of 154 kV high voltage XLPE underground power cable are made using ANSYS 5.61 finite element analysis software. An experimental set-up is developed to measure conductor and surface temperature of the cable in underground conditions. The results of experiments and numerical calculations are compared to the IEC-60287 standard. Additionally, the thermal regions of three cables in flat installation are investigated to show the versatility of the finite element method. The effects of insulation thickness and external thermal source on ampacity are also analyzed using the finite element method.
Combined radiation damage, annealing, and ageing studies of InGaAsP/InP 1310nm lasers for the CMS tracker optical links

A summary is presented of the combined effects of radiation damage, accelerated annealing and accelerated ageing in 1310nm InGaAsP/InP multi-quantum-well lasers, the type chosen for use in the CMS Tracker optical links. The radiation damage effects are compared for a variety of radiation sources: 60Co-gamma, 0.8MeV (average energy) neutrons, 20MeV (average energy) neutrons and 300MeV/c pions that represent important parts of the spectrum of particles that will be encountered in the CMS Tracker. The relative damage factors of the various sources are calculated by comparing the laser threshold current increase due to radiation damage giving ~0 : 0.12 : 0.53 : 1 for 60Co-gamma, ~0.8MeV neutrons, ~20MeV neutrons with respect to 300MeV/c pions. The effects of bias current and temperature on the annealing were measured and, in all cases, the annealing is proportional to log(annealing time). A bias current of 60mA increases the annealing, in terms of the time taken to anneal a given amount, by a factor of 10 relative to 0mA. The annealing rate is also accelerated by heating the irradiated lasers and recovery occurs ~10 times faster at 60°C than at 20°C. The long-term ageing properties of irradiated lasers were also measured in an accelerated test carried out at 80°C, for 2500 hours, at a bias current of 60mA. No wearout-related degradation was observed in any of the devices. The combined results of these studies have been used to estimate the long-term damage expected for this type of laser operating inside the CMS Tracker. In the worst case of a laser operating at a distance of 22cm from the beam-axis in the forward region of the Tracker, the maximum threshold increase will be ~6mA over the first 10 years of LHC running.
The effect of H2S on internal dry reforming in biogas fuelled solid oxide fuel cells

Internal dry reforming of methane is envisaged as a possibility to reduce on capital and operation costs of biogas fuelled solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) system by using the CO2 present in the biogas. Due to envisaged internal dry reforming, the requirement for biogas upgrading becomes obsolete, thereby simplifying the system complexity and increasing its technology readiness level. However, impurities prevailing in biogas such as H2S have been reported in literature as one of the parameters which affect the internal reforming process in SOFCs. This research has been carried out to investigate the effects of H2S on internal dry reforming of methane on nickel‐scandia‐stabilised zirconia (Ni‐ScSZ) electrolyte supported SOFCs. Results showed that at 800°C and a CH4:CO2 ratio of 2:3, H2S at concentrations as low as 0.125 ppm affects both the catalytic and electric performance of a SOFC. At 0.125 ppm H2S concentration, the CH4 reforming process is affected and it is reduced from over 95% to below 10% in 10 h. Therefore, future biogas SOFC cost reduction seems to become a trade‐off between biogas upgrading for CO2 removal and biogas cleaning of impurities to facilitate efficient internal dry reforming.
Dissolution Rate of Gypsum Under Different Environments

Dissolution rate (K) of gypsum rocks of Fat'ha Formation (Middle Miocene) was determined at three different environments; closed system, that is still water and open system, that is flowing water and river water. In closed system, the dissolution rate is not a constant; it increases as the concentration (C) of the dissolving solution. In an open system, dissolution rate is a constant at constant flow velocity (V) and given temperature (T). It increases with an increase of either of them; however, the effect of (V) on (K) is much more pronounced than that of (T). Published data on the value of dissolution rate (K), based on laboratory experiments, are exaggerated by a factor of (4.1) to (4.6) compared with values of the present study. This is possibly due to the fact that these data represent dissolution through fissures in gypsum rocks and being far from natural environments for gypsum dissolution. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ةفلتخم تائيب يف موسبجلا نابوذ لدعم ع يكز يروبجلا رابجلا دب زاوكلا نيما مزاح ضرلاا مولع مسق / مولعلا ةيلك ةعماج لصوملا ةيئاملا دراوملاو دودسلا ثوحب زكرم
Investigation of Performance of Heat Pipe as Heat Exchanger Using Alternative Refrigerants

AbstractAn experimental and theoretical study was performed to investigate the thermal performance of heat pipes as a heat exchanger. A series of experiments was conducted using R410A, R134a, R22, and R407C as working fluids. The dimensions of the heat pipes that were used in the test rig included 660 mm length, 20 mm outer diameter and 4 mm fin spacing with staggered arrangements. During the tests, the dry bulb temperature of the evaporator inlet was varied from 35 to 55°C and the condenser inlet dry bulb temperature was varied from 20 to 25°C. The influence of face velocity on the performance of the heat pipe heat exchanger was also studied. Many investigations were made to obtain the thermal performance and to ensure efficient and reliable operation of the heat pipe heat exchanger, and the results are presented in the present paper. Tests showed that using R410A, R134a, and R22 provided comparative results, whereas R407C was the least effective. The experimental thermal effectiveness of the heat pipe h.
A General Method for the Evaluation of Vehicle Manoeuvrability with Special Emphasis on Motorcycles

This paper presents a novel approach to the assessment of the manoeuvrability of vehicles which is not based on the simulation of open-loop manoeuvres, nor does it rely on the modelling of the driver as a control system. Instead, the essence of the method is the solution of a two-point optimal control boundary value problem, in which a vehicle, subject to physical constraints like tyre adherence and road borders, among others, is required to go between given initial and final positions as fast as possible. The control inputs - i.e., the driver's actions - that make the vehicle move between the two states in the most efficient way are found as a part of the solution procedure and represent the actions of a sort of ideal, perfect driver. The resulting motion is called the optimal manoeuvre and, besides being the most efficient way that the given vehicle has for travelling between the two points according to the chosen optimal criterion, may be taken as a reference for meaningful comparisons with other vehic.
The Role of Exercise Training on Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review

Low-grade systemic inflammation leads to critical alterations of several tissues and organs that can promote the appearance of non-communicable diseases, a risk that is increased in adults with obesity. Exercise training may counteract low-grade systemic inflammation, but there is a lack of consensus on how cytokines are modulated by training in adults with obesity. This study aimed of examining the effects of exercise training on circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in adults with overweight and obesity, and whether exercise-induced fat mass reduction could mediate that effect. The search was conducted on Medline (Pubmed), SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases from January 1998 to August 2021, using keywords pertaining to inflammation, exercise, and obesity. A total of 27 studies were selected, in which the circulating concentration levels of cytokines were analyzed. Endurance training (ET) decreased circulating CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α levels. TNF-α was reduced after resistance and concurrent training (CT), while IL-10 increased after resistance training (RT). Changes in IL-10 and CRP coincided with fat mass reduction, while decreased TNF-α levels were concomitant with changes in IL-6 and IL-10. Exercise training may reduce systemic low-grade inflammation profile in adults with overweight and obesity.
Extending the Quality of Secure Service Model to Multi-Hop Networks

Rarely are communications networks point-to-point. In most cases, transceiver relay stations exist between transmitter and receiver end-points. These relay stations, while essential for controlling cost and adding flexibility to network architectures, reduce the overall security of the respective network. In an effort to quantify that reduction, we extend the Quality of Secure Service (QoSS) model to these complex networks, specifically multi-hop networks. In this approach, the quantification of security is based upon probabilities that adversarial listeners and disruptors gain access to or manipulate transmitted data on one or more of these multi-hop channels. Message fragmentation and duplication across available channels provides a security performance trade-space, with its consequent QoSS. This work explores that trade-space and the corresponding QoSS model to describe it.
Learning at a Distance

How are planning educators responding to the challenges and opportunities of distance education? The authors explore this question through a planning school survey, a case study, and brainstorming about change factors. They find that planning education programs are slow to adopt new technology, except for incorporation of e-mail and Web technology into traditional on-campus courses. Most respondents believe that distance learning will be important, but few distance learning courses are taught. Reported obstacles are extra demands on faculty, lack of compensation for course development, low faculty interest, incompatibility with course content, and inadequate technical support. The case study describes the design and teaching of a successful distance learning course in which student work improved. Four catalysts that could speed adoption of distance learning are (1) generational change, (2) program survival, (3) institutional conformity, and (4) practice demand. The authors conclude that as future-oriented professionals, planners should lead in applying technology to improve planning education.
On-board image quality assessment for a satellite

The downloading of images is a bottleneck in the image acquisition chain for low earth orbit, remote sensing satellites. An on-board image quality assessment system could optimise use of available downlink time by prioritising images for download, based on their quality. An image quality assessment system based on measuring image degradations is proposed. Algorithms for estimating degradations are investigated. The degradation types considered are cloud cover, additive sensor noise and the defocus extent of the telescope. For cloud detection, the novel application of heteroscedastic discriminant analysis resulted in better performance than comparable dimension reducing transforms from remote sensing literature. A region growing method, which was previously used on-board a micro-satellite for cloud cover estimation, is critically evaluated and compared to commonly used thresholding. The thresholding method is recommended. A remote sensing noise estimation algorithm is compared to a noise estimation algorithm based on image pyramids. The image pyramid algorithm is recommended. It is adapted, which results in smaller errors. A novel angular spectral smoothing method for increasing the robustness of spectral based, direct defocus estimation is introduced. Three existing spectral based defocus estimation methods are compared with the angular smoothing method. An image quality assessment model is developed that models the mapping of the three estimated degradation levels to one quality score. A subjective image quality evaluation experiment is conducted, during which more than 18000 independent human judgements are collected. Two quality assessment models, based on neural networks and splines, are tted to this data. The spline model is recommended. The integrated system is evaluated and image quality predictions are shown to correlate well with human quality perception.
Code-division Multiple Beam Imaging

A new imaging sonar is introduced based on the simultaneous projection of sixteen coded beams into separate directions. A set of sixteen symbol, four-bit non-linear, block Frequency Shift Keyed (FSK) codes is examined in detail, and the optimum receivers for coherent and incoherent reception of the coded signals are found. The performance of the coherent receiver is found to be significantly better than the incoherent receiver, particularly at low signal to noise ratio. Several experiments using the sonar are described, and the results are presented. Detection of single and closely-spaced multiple targets is achieved in a wide variety of scenarios, including conditions of rapidly fluctuating disturbances in the imaging media. The coherent receiver, coupled with the codes, is shown to exhibit impressive performance, even with an unknown phase distortion introduced in the signal.
Influence of Social, Economic and Family Factors on Alcohol Consumption: A Systematic Review

Alcohol consumption is increasing global and it is the reasons for large number of death. According to WHO 2018, 3.3 million deaths worldwide related to alcohol consumption was recorded in 2016 alone. The use of alcohol has a serious impact on lives which leads to poverty, road accident, injury, domestic violence and crime. This study reviews the literature to find the predictors and provide direction for future work. Using a systematic literature review, several filtering process using selected keywords a total of 20 articles were reviewed. The findings showed that most of studies were conducted in Europe followed by US. There are limited number of reviewed studies and the predictors are mainly related to socio-economic status, social factors, demographics, social networking sites, family factor and stress. Findings were discussed and direction of future work were highlighted. More studies are needed to understand the predictors of alcohol consumption in the community as large. Due to limited studies related alcohol consumption in the developing countries, topic of alcohol use are needed to be investigated in order to fill in the gap in the literature. It is important to identify and understand factors causes alcohol consumption which leads to social and health problems in the society. By identifying these predictors could reduce a potential risk when individuals are exposed to harmful behavior.
The role of fear of negative evaluation in interview anxiety and social‐evaluative workplace anxiety

We investigated the consequences of interview and social ‐ evaluative workplace anxiety on job performance, and whether these two anxieties share a common antecedent – fear of negative evaluation. Job applicants ( n = 128) completed a survey following their interview and halfway through their work term; supervisory performance ratings were collected at the end of the work term. Fear of negative evaluation was positively correlated with both interview anxiety and social ‐ evaluative workplace anxiety. The correlation between interview anxiety and job performance was near zero, as was the correlation between social ‐ evaluative workplace anxiety and job performance; these relations were not moderated by the social ‐ evaluative nature of the job. This study suggests that anxious interviewees and employees perform as well as their less anxious counterparts, even in social ‐ evaluative jobs.
Journeying into the kinescape of unicycling: A Deleuzian perspective

Movement learning has become a prominent issue in recent sport pedagogy research, including a particular concern about the new perspectives of movement learning. The turn towards new perspectives is partly spurred by discontent with the conventional perspectives of movement learning. The purpose of the article is to explore a journey into the kinescape of unicycling. The article can be seen as a case study of what it means to learn (how) to unicycle for one student teacher in the midst of a pedagogical research module and with the aid of the Deleuzian notion of a triadic relationship between percepts, affects and concepts. The analysis points to how a student, in the midst of material features such as equipment, the sport hall, other people, and instructional video clips, is mapping connections between concepts (what unicycling can be), percepts (a-ha moments) and affects (what moves him to continue practising unicycling), in ways that allow him to learn to unicycle with astonishing pace. His practising of unicycling is guided by particular strategies for exploration and experimentation that his experiences of board culture offer him. Rather than any general principles of movement learning, of importance here are the particular ways in which kinesio-cultural exploration may offer non-linear resources for movement learning. We conclude that this approach to learning may stimulate pedagogies that are not only effective but also more inclusive because they are more creative and more open than linear approaches to movement learning.
East coast lows and extratropical transition of tropical cyclones, structures producing severe events and their comparison with mature tropical cyclones

Examination of events occurring over the last 53 years in the Australian Region have revealed in the minds of forecasters a common pattern in the development of severe extratropical cyclones which have affected the sub-tropical and temperate East Coast. To evaluate this theory 20 years of data were systematically examined and showed that this was true. To represent these many cases nine such events which delivered the largest impacts over the 53 years were chosen for study. These extratropical cyclones formed downstream of a tropopause undulation which can be easily identified as a warm region at the 200 hPa-level and the formation zone was in a region of heavy rain embedded in a region of warm air advection at 700 hPa. There were hardly any exceptions to this general rule, and one that occurred is presented and was also one of the most rapidly developing systems. This pattern is then evaluated against tropical cyclone events which move in the Australasian sub tropics and three different scenarios are described and compared with a mature severe tropical cyclone which intensified as it moved into the Australia sub tropics. Hurricane Sandy due to its devastating effect on the US sub-tropics in 2012 is examined as a benchmark case whose impact could affect the Australasian sub tropics in the future as sea levels rise with higher density populations.
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in neonates due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: An emerging entity

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was declared as a pandemic in March 2020. The virus has affected more adults than children, with disease severity being lesser in children. We present a case of a neonate who tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 infection on day of life 3, 6, and 15. The baby had fever, respiratory distress, and shock. Laboratory investigations showed raised inflammatory markers, raised D dimer suggesting coagulopathy, coronary dilatation on 2D echocardiogram, and raised N terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. The neonate was successfully treated with good supportive care, lung-protective ventilatory strategies, early intravenous immunoglobulin administration, corticosteroids, and remdesivir.
Variation in the Structure and Role of Religious Institutions

Research on religious behavior has stressed its character as a cognitive complex that evolved during the Pleistocene to incentivize prosocial behavior and that serves roughly similar population management roles regardless of social context. To explore this idea, we reconstructed religious institutional structures for three pre-Columbian societies using a key feature of religious organization: the basal congregation size—a critical axis of population management and the creation of shared communal identities. Results show that in places where populations could fission to avoid intracommunity conflict, religious institutions show no real evidence of internal community management. In locations where large towns meant more internal conflict, religious institutions mapped themselves over the extended family, creating small congregations that provided the midlevel organizational tiers necessary to support larger communities. Finally, for populations organized into regional polities, religious institutions used large ritual assemblies and conspicuous paraphernalia to invoke our Pleistocene cognitive predispositions for altruistic and cooperative behavior toward close kin but redirected them toward the large non-kin religious community. This variation highlights the malleable and reactive nature of religious institutions, which interact quite differently with their constituent members or their cognitive predispositions depending on the social needs they look to resolve.
5-GHz SiGe HBT monolithic radio transceiver with tunable filtering

A wide-band CDMA-compliant fully integrated 5-GHz radio transceiver was realized in SiGe heterojunction-bipolar-transistor technology with on-chip tunable voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) tracking filters. It allows for wide-band modulation schemes with bandwidth up to 20 MHz. The receiver has a single-ended single-sideband noise figure of 5.9 dB, more than 40 dB on-chip image rejection, an input compression point of -22 dBm, and larger than 70 dB local-oscillator-RF isolation. The phase noise of the on-chip VCO is -100 and -128 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz and 5 MHz offset from the carrier, respectively. The transmitter output compression point is +10 dBm. An image rejection better than 40 dB throughout the VCO tracking range has been demonstrated in the transmitter with all spurious signals 40 dB below the carrier. The differential transceiver draws 125 mA in transmit mode and 45 mA in receive mode from a 3.5-V supply.