Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Avaliação do potencial da interferometria sar para o mapeamento altimétrico de áreas reflorestadas por eucalyptus sp

Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a qualidade altimetrica dos modelos de elevacao (MDE) gerados atraves da interferometria SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) nas bandas X e P, em diferentes polarizacoes em areas florestadas. Este estudo foi realizado no municipio de Pindamonhangaba/SP, em uma area caracterizada por reflorestamento de Eucalyptus saligna de 6 anos de idade, cujo inventario florestal e levantamento topografico foram realizados no mesmo periodo do aerolevantamento. Verificou-se que nesta area florestada o modelo de elevacao da superficie do dossel empregando a interferometria na banda X, gerou produtos cartograficos de precisao inferior a esperada, com desvio padrao na ordem 2,7 metros. A utilizacao de um modelo de regressao, que combinou a coerencia interferometrica e o MDE, compensou os erros de medida da altura da vegetacao, melhorando a qualidade do produto cartografico para desvio padrao da ordem de 1,4 metro atingindo a resolucao altimetrica desejada. Os modelos de elevacao do terreno na banda P, polarizacao HH, em areas florestadas apresentaram similaridade com os dados do levantamento topografico, com desvio padrao na ordem de 1,97 metro, devido a maior penetracao do feixe do radar na floresta de Eucalyptus e consequentemente uma maior interacao com o solo do que com as arvores. O modelo de elevacao do solo na banda X em areas de pasto apresentou um desvio padrao de 0,6 metro, cuja escala de mapeamento foi compativel com a resolucao empregada, enquanto que os modelos de elevacao na banda P apresentaram um valor de desvio padrao de 6 a 20 metros conforme a polarizacao, devido ao espalhamento especular, causando uma baixa relacao sinal/ruido.
Method and Motivation in Teaching Elementary School Students to Throw and Catch the Ball

This study aimed to discover the effect of the learning method and learning motivation on the improvement of throwing and catching the ball for elementary school students. The study samples were 60 elementary school students acquired using the treatment by level 2x2 study design with the tukey test using a =0.05 level. The study results show 1) groups A1 and A2 obtained Fh Ft, i.e., 17.9 4.15; therefore, there is an effect between group learning method and individual learning method on ball throw-catch skills, with Qh = 8.54 dan Qt = 3.83. 2) Then, it obtained FhF1, i.e., 26.61 4.15; therefore, it concludes that the ball throw-catch skill learning outcome. 3) The tukey test on groups A1B1 and A2B1 obtained Qh = 18.95 and Qt = 2.99, in which the results conclude that ball throw-catch skill learning outcome with high motoric taught using the group learning method is better than the individual learning method. 4) Qh = 1.84 and Qt = 2.99, concluding that ball throw-catch skill learning outcome with low motoric taught using the individual learning method is better than the group learning method.
EVALUATION OF VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND GENETIC IDENTIFICATION OF SOME MAHOGANY SPECIES (MELIACEAE) ADAPTED IN EGYPT

The present investigation was carried out at the Nursery of the Forestry Giza during the two successive seasons of 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 to evaluate the vegetative growth of some Mahogany species adapted in Egypt ; i.e., Swietenia macrophylla . King, Swietenia mahogani (L.) Jacq. , Khaya ivorensis A. Chev. and Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss. Also, the percentage of seed germination for each genotype was calculated. Moreover, biochemical analysis was done, in seeds of each studied species, using SDS- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separation of total soluble protein method for genetic identification and differentiation among Mahogany species under investigation. The obtained results indicated that the four studied genotypes of the Mahogany family (Meliaceae) showed significant differences in the percentages of seed germination as well as in their vegetative growth attributes (plant height, number of developed leaves per plant, total leaf area per plant, shoot fresh weight per plant and shoot dry weight per plant) in both studied seasons and Khaya senegalensis exceeded significantly all other genotypes in this respect. Data on biochemical analysis revealed that, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separation of total soluble proteins can be used as a genetic finger print for identification, differentiation and comparison among the four different species as well as between the two different genera of the Mahogany family under investigation.
Interpretation of time delay in the ionization of two-center systems

We consider the time delay of electron detachment from a Coulomb center and two-center systems in the process of ionization. It is shown that the attosecond streaking, most usual method of time delay measure, can be formally described by placing a virtual detector of the arrival time delay at a certain distance from the center of the system. This approach allows derivation of a simple formula for Coulomb-laser coupling that perfectly agrees with the results of numerical solution of ���� ���� ��� � �� ��� ��� ��� � �� �� �� �� �� �� �� � ��
Studies in the Glossopteris flora of India - 43. Some new plant fossils from the Lower Gondwana sediments of Auranga coalfield, Bihar

Five new plant elements from the Barakar and Raniganj stages of Auranga Coalfield are described. The Barakar plants include a new dimorphic leaf whorl genus Diphyllopteris and two new species Neomariopteris barakarensis sp. nov., and Ottokaria biharensis sp. nov., Plumsteadia lanceolata sp. nov. represents a new type of fructification from the Raniganj Stage.
Another Proof of the Existence a Dedekind Complete Totally Ordered Field

We describe the Dedekind cuts explicitly in terms of non-standard rational num­ bers. This leads to another construction of a Dedekind complete totally ordered field or, equivalently, to another proof of the consistency of the axioms of the real numbers. We believe that our construction is simpler and shorter than the classical Dedekind construction and Cantor construction of such fields assuming some basic familiarity with non-standard analysis. 1 Preliminaries: Ordered Fields and Infinitesimals We recall the main definitions and properties of totally ordered rings and fields. We also recall the basic properties of infinitesimal, finite and infinitely large elements of such fields. For more details and for the missing proofs, we refer the reader to (Lang [4], Chapter XI), (van der Waerden [8], Chapter 11) and Ribenboim [6]. 1.1 Definition (Orderable Ring). Let K be a ring (field). Then: 1. K is called orderable if there exists a non-empty set K+ ⊂ K such that: (a) 0 ∈ K+; (b) K+ is closed under the addition and multiplication in K; (c) For every x ∈ K either x = 0 or x ∈ K+ or − x ∈ K+. �n 2 2. A ring (field) K is formally real if, for every n ∈ N, the equation k=0 xk = 0 in K has only the trivial solution x1 = · · · = xn = 0.
Control Based on Swing Up and Balancing Scheme for an Experimental Underactuated Robot

This paper proposes a novel control scheme for under-actuated two-link robot called the pendubot. Controller archives to swing, and stabilize to its uppermost unstable equilibrium point, the second non-attracted link. The control law is designed and the convergence analysis is carried out based on Lyapunov stability theory. Swinging control is based on an energy approach and the passivity properties, and then some conditions on the parameters in the control law such that the total energy of the pendubot converges to the potential energy of its top upright position are given. The stabilization system is based on switching LQR control.
String Theory on AdS_3/Z_N

We study string theory on singular Z_N quotients of AdS_3, corresponding to spaces with conical defects. The spectrum is computed using the orbifold procedure. It is shown that spectral flow may be used to generate the twisted sectors. We further compute the thermal partition function and show that it correctly reproduces the spectrum.
Tertiary coals of Makum Coalfield, Assam, India: Petrography, genesis and sedimentation

The two most important coal seams, viz., Seam no. 1 (18 m thick) and Seam no. 3 (6 m thick), of the Tikak Parbat Formation, Barail Group (Oligocene) are overlain by > 2000 m thick sediments of younger age. The coals are bright and non-banded in appearance. They are rich in vitrinite with subordinate amounts of liptinite and inertinite macerals. Early diagenetic pyrite and calcite alongwith clay and quartz are the main associated minerals. Under blue light excitation high amount of fluorescing macerals recorded are formed chiefly by perhydrous Vitrinite, liptodetrinite and resinite. Minor amount of sporinite, cutinite, suberinite and exsudatinite are also present with sporadic occurrence of f1uorinite and alginite. A comparison of Makum coals with the other Tertiary coals of India has also been attempted. The coals have low moisture and ash contents with high volatile matter and calorific value in relation to their rank by reflectivity measurements. The rank of the coal seams (R0 max. 0.72-0.75%) corresponds to high volatile bituminous B stage. From the biopetrological, palaeobotanical and geological evidences it has been concluded that the coal seams originated mostly from in situ mangrove-mixed angiospermous forest vegetation growing under humid to per-humid tropical climate. The vegetal accumulation took place in a rheotrophic swamp forming in a near-shore lagoon on a lower delta plain. The maceral and mineral associations in the coal seams indicate that the accumulated vegetal matter was mainly subjected to anaerobic microbial degradation under elevated swamp water pH (> 6). This facilitated the precipitation of early diagenetic pyrite, calcite and in situ release of plant-derived minerals in the peat. Under these conditions highly pyriteous and perhydrous coal seams were formed mainly by putrefaction. Whenever microbial degradation of organic matter was severe normal vegetal supply fell short to produce a peat layer, with the result minor and major authigenic partings within the coal seams were formed.
Association of Duration of Smoking Cessation or Cumulative Smoking Amount with Serum hs-CRP Level in Korean Adults: A Nationwide Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

This study investigates the association between the duration of smoking cessation or cumulative smoking amount with serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. We assessed the decreasing risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer following smoking cessation in Korean adults who were former smokers compared with current smokers. This study used data from the 2016–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 5411 participants were included. The duration of smoking cessation and cumulative smoking amount were classified into cut-offs for 6 and 17 months, and 5 and 20 pack-years, respectively, using tertile values. Elevated serum hs-CRP level was defined as ≥1 mg/L. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. The odds ratio (OR) for elevated serum hs-CRP level was 0.73 times lower in the group whose duration of smoking cessation was 17 months or more than that in the group who were current smokers after adjusting for confounding variables (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57–0.92; p < 0.01). The OR for elevated serum hs-CRP level was 0.71 and 0.67 times lower in the groups whose cumulative smoking amounts were less than 5 and 5–20 pack-years than that in the group who were current smokers (95% CI: 0.50–0.99 and 0.50–0.92, respectively; both p < 0.05). This study reveals that a duration of smoking cessation of more than 17 months and a cumulative smoking amount of less than 20 pack-years were significantly associated with a decreased risk of elevated serum hs-CRP levels in Korean adults who were former smokers. Therefore, quitting smoking early and a low cumulative smoking amount are a potential preventive strategy for CVD and cancer that can be easily accessible using serum hs-CRP.
Relation between maternal body mass index and laboratory outcome in normal responder young patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles

Background: A lot of studies conducted evaluating the effect of maternal weight on the In Vito Fertilization (IVF) cycles outcome, the results of these studies were conflicting. Methods: We conducted retrospective cohort study on young normal responding patients attending the clinic for fertility treatment. Patients divided in to three group according to their body mass index (BMI). All patients had intra cytoplasmic sperm injection cycle with antagonist protocol. The IVF laboratory outcome was calculated and compared between the three groups.Results: The intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles laboratory outcome was evaluated in the three groups of patients. No significant difference was found between the laboratory out come in the three group.Conclusions: We concluded that in absence of sever major factor for infertility, maternal BMI has no effect on the laboratory outcome of intra cytoplasmic sperm injection cycles.
Complex waves on periodic arrays of lossy and lossless permeable spheres: 2. Numerical results

This is the second part of a two‐part series dealing with complex dipolar waves propagating along the axes of 1D, 2D and 3D infinite periodic arrays of small lossless and lossy permeable spheres. Shore and Yaghjian (2012) provide the theory of the complex waves and the dispersion (k–β) equations for their propagation constants. In this paper we present and discuss representative dispersion diagrams for arrays of magnetodielectric spheres (spheres with appreciable permittivity and permeability), diamond spheres, and silver nanospheres.
Tatapania gen. nov., a possible cone of Schizoneura gondwanensis Feistmantel from the Late Permian in the Tatapani-Ramkola Coalfield, India

Tatapania-a new genus of equisetalean fructifications, is represented by oblong-ovate bractless cones recorded from the Late Permian strata exposed in Banki Rivulet in Tatapani-Ramkola Coalfield, Chhattisgarh State, India. This is the first record of compact, conical and possibly terminal sphenophyte cones from the Lower Gondwana. The cones may have been related to Schizoneura gondwanensis as these are found in association with sterile equisetalean stems and leaves of Schizoneura gondwanensis in the same beds. Two new species, viz. Tatapania indica and T. obcordata, have been instituted for the genus. Both species closely resemble cones of modern Equisetum. The presence of a compact cone similar to that of an extant Equisetum as early as Late Permian of Gondwana is interesting, especially when no member of Palaeozoic sphenophytes possessed such compact cones. The present find also supports the hypothetical model of Naugolnykh (2004a) wherein he proposed the evolution of the compact strobilus and peltate sporangiophore in modern Equisetum from the Late Palaeozoic ancestors. The double or single cones of Tatapania have been placed intermediate between Equisetites arenaceus with three cones attached together and Neocalamites carreri having single cone in the Naugolnykh’s evolution model of Equisetum. A reconstruction of Schizoneura gondwanensis plant having Tatapania cones attached on the apices of the leaf bearing branches has been attempted.
Identification of Five Serotypes of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli from Diarrheic Calves and Healthy Cattle in Belgium and Comparative Genomics with Shigatoxigenic E. coli

Simple Summary Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) from cattle receive little attention, although some belong to the most notorious O serotypes of attaching/effacing Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli (AE-STEC) responsible for the uremic and hemolytic syndrome in humans, such as O26. Nevertheless, the O serotypes and virulotypes of the large majority of bovine EPEC remain unidentified. This study aimed to identify five non-classical O serotypes (O123/186, O156, O177, O182, and O183) by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) among three collections of bovine EPEC from young diarrheic calves, healthy cattle at slaughterhouses, and healthy calves in dairy farms. The virulotypes and sequence types (STs) obtained after the whole genome sequencing of several O156, O177, and O182 bovine EPEC were closely related or identical to the virulotypes and STs of ten bovine and the human AE-STEC of the same O:H serotype. This study allows us to identify more EPEC O serotypes from cattle and to speculate on their evolution. Abstract Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) produce attaching/effacing (AE) lesions and cause non-bloody diarrhea in mammals. A minority of bovine EPEC belong to one of the ten classical serotypes of human and bovine AE-STEC. The purpose of this study was to identify five non-classical O serotypes (O123/186, O156, O177, O182, and O183) among bovine EPEC and to characterize their virulence repertoires by whole genome sequencing. Around 40% of the 307 EPEC from 307 diarrheic calves, 368 EPEC from 47 healthy cattle, and 131 EPEC from 36 healthy calves in dairy farms were analyzed. Serotype O177 was the most frequent among EPEC from diarrheic and healthy calves, while the O156 was the most frequent in healthy cattle. The genomic analysis identified different H serotypes, MLSTypes, and/or eae gene subtypes among the O156 and O177 EPEC, while the O182 was homogeneous. The virulence gene profiles of bovine EPEC were closely related to each other and to the profiles of ten bovine and human AE-STEC. These results emphasize the need for additional studies to identify more O:H serotypes of bovine EPEC and to elucidate their origin and evolution of EPEC with regard to AE-STEC belonging to the same O:H serotypes.
Gravitational Radiation in the Limit of High Frequency

I r-~ ·. This dissertation deals with a technique for obtaining approximate radiative solutions to the Eiri.stein equa,tions of general relativity in situations where the gravitational fields of interest are quite stron~. In the first chapter, we ~review the history of the problem and discuss previous work along related lines. In the second chapter, we assume the radiation to be of high frequency and expand the field equations in powers of the SIDall wavelength this supplies. This assumption provides an approximation scheme valid for all orders of 1/r, for arbitrary velocities up to that of light, and for arbitrary intensities of the gravitational field" To lowest order we obtain a gauge invariant linear wave equation for gravitational radiation, which is a covariant generalization of that for massless spin-two fields in flat space, This wave equation is then solved by the W.K. B. approximation to show that gravitational waves travel on null geodesics with amplitude and frequency modified by gravitational fields in exactly the same way as are those of light waves, and with their polarization parallel transported along the geodesics, again as is the c~se for light. The metric containing high frequency gravitational waves is shown to be type N to lowest order, and some limits to the methods used are discussed. In the third chapter we go beyond the linear terms in the high frequency expansion, and consider the lowest order non~ linear terms. They are shown to provide a natural, gauge invariant, averaged effective stress tensor for the energy localized in the high frequency radiation •. By assuming the W.K. B. form for the field, this tensor is found to have the same structure as that for an electromagnetic null field. A Poynting vector is used to investigate the flow of energy and momentum in the gravitational wave field,-~ and it is seen that high frequency waves propagate along null hypersurfaces and are not backscattered off by the curvature of space. Expressions for the total energy and momentum carried by the field to flat null infinity are given in terms of coordinate independent integrals valid within regions of strong field strength. The formalism is applied to the case of spherical gravitational waves where a news function is obtained, and where the source is found to lose exactly the energy and momentum contained in the radiation field.
The use of large surface area for particle and power deposition

Since the parallel heat flux passing through the LCFS has increased dramatically with the size of machines one has to cope with very large particle and power fluxes on the limiters. Thus the size of the limiters has been increased by the use of inner bumper limiters. The ``exponential-sine`` model is widely used to estimate the heat flux (Q) to a wall for a plasma flux surface with incident angle {theta}. The model predicts Q= q{sub {parallel}}(O) sin{theta} e{sup {minus}} {sup {rho}}/{lambda}q + q{perpendicular}(O)cos{theta}e{sup {minus}}{rho}/{lambda}q {rho} is the minor radius measured from the last closed flux surface (LCFS), {lambda}{sub q} is the SOL decay length of the heat, flux density and q(O) is the heat flux density at the last closed surface. If we approximate the heat flux as Q= q{parallel} e{sup {minus}{rho}}/{lambda}q sin ({theta} + {alpha}), with {alpha}{equivalent_to}tan{sup {minus}1}[q{perpendicular}(0)/q{parallel}(0)], than {alpha} can be interpreted as an effective ``minimum angle of incidence``. Under conditions where the geometric angle 0 has been made almost grazing the predictions of the simplest model is not adequate to represent the observation made in TORE-SUPRA; a similar result is found in TFTR. Experimental observations of heat and particle deposition on the large area limiter on more » the inner wall of TORE-SUPRA are presented. These results have been analyzed with a Monte Carlo code describing the diffusion of hydrogenic particles across the LCFS to the limiting objects in the Scrape Off Layer, and by impurity generation calculations using the full ``exponential-sine`` model used as input to an impurity Monte Carlo code. « less