Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Striking a new Balance in Accuracy and Simplicity with the Probabilistic Inductive Miner

Numerous process discovery techniques exist for generating process models that describe recorded executions of business processes. The models are meant to generalize executions into human-understandable modeling patterns, notably parallelism, and enable rigorous analysis of process deviations. However, well-defined models with parallelism returned by existing techniques are often too complex or generalize the recorded behavior too strongly to be trusted in a practical business context. We bridge this gap by introducing the Probabilistic Inductive Miner (PIM) based on the Inductive Miner framework. PIM compares in each step the most probable operators and structures based on frequency information in the data, which results in block-structured models with significantly higher accuracy. All design choices in PIM are based on business context requirements obtained through a user study with industrial process mining experts. PIM is evaluated quantitatively and in an novel kind of empirical study comparing users’ trust in discovered model structures. The evaluations show that PIM strikes a unique trade-off between model accuracy and model complexity, that is conclusively preferred by users over all state-of-the-art process discovery methods.
Photocatalytic degradation of low-density polythene using protein-coated titania nanoparticles and Lactobacillus plantarum

ABSTRACT The biodegradation of low-density Polyethylene (LDPE) is usually time-consuming, In the presence of Titania-nanoparticles, LDPE is photocatalytically degraded in smaller fragments afterward the bacteria can effectively degrade polyethylene. In the current study, potent polyethylene degrading bacteria were screened from the soil of the local dumpsite and identified using 16s rRNA sequencing. The protein-coated titania nanoparticle (TNPs) was synthesized using Sol-gel Method and characterized by XRD, and SAED-HRTEM. The photocatalytic biodegradation of LDPE (30 microns) in presence of 1M NaOH was studied by exposing it to UV irradiation, visible light, and high temperature (50°C) for 21 days separately and photocatalytic biodegradation was assessed by monitoring % weight loss at every 7 days’ time interval, tensile strength, and FTIR. After 21 days of photocatalytic biodegradation, LDPE film containing both TNPs and Lactobacillus plantarum along with 1M NaOH in presence of visible light was unveiled oxidation and enumerated via the occurrence of strong absorptions band of the carbonyl group (C=O) and also the breaking and weakening of existing absorptions bonds along with the new carbonyl functional group formation. The decline in tensile strength was measured at 21% after 21 days. Thus, experimental results on LDPE after exposure to visible irradiation along with Lactobacillus plantarum and 5% protein-coated TNP showed improvement in degradation rate and elongation 59 % and 51% within 21 days, respectively in comparison to another study (49 % Weight loss and 12% elongation after 45 days). An excellent application of this research is significantly reduced plastic waste via a maintained procedure. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Screening for Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Importance The 2014 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation statement supported the effectiveness of screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea in asymptomatic, sexually active women 24 years or younger and in older women at increased risk for infection, although evidence for screening in men was insufficient. Objective To update the 2014 USPSTF review on screening for chlamydial and gonococcal infection in adults and adolescents, including those who are pregnant. Data Sources Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Ovid MEDLINE (January 1, 2014, through May 28, 2020) with surveillance through May 21, 2021. Study Selection Randomized clinical trials and observational studies of screening effectiveness, accuracy of risk stratification and alternative screening methods, accuracy of tests, and screening harms. Data Extraction and Synthesis One investigator abstracted data; a second checked accuracy. Two investigators independently assessed study quality. Main Outcomes and Measures Complications of infection; infection transmission or acquisition; diagnostic accuracy of anatomical site-specific testing and collection methods; screening harms. Results Twenty-seven studies were included (N = 179 515). Chlamydia screening compared with no screening was significantly associated with reduced risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in 2 of 4 trials and with reduced hospital-diagnosed PID (0.24% vs 0.38%); relative risk, 0.6 [95% CI, 0.4-1.0]), but not clinic-diagnosed PID or epididymitis, in the largest trial. In studies of risk prediction instruments in asymptomatic women, age younger than 22 years demonstrated comparable accuracy to extensive criteria. Sensitivity of chlamydial testing was similar at endocervical (89%-100%) and self- and clinician-collected vaginal (90%-100%) sites for women and at meatal (100%), urethral (99%), and rectal (92%) sites for men but lower at pharyngeal sites (69.2%) for men who have sex with men. Sensitivity of gonococcal testing was 89% or greater for all anatomical samples. False-positive and false-negative testing rates were low across anatomical sites and collection methods. Conclusions and Relevance Screening for chlamydial infection was significantly associated with a lower risk of PID in young women. Risk prediction criteria demonstrated limited accuracy beyond age. Testing for asymptomatic chlamydial and gonococcal infections was highly accurate at most anatomical sites, including urine and self-collected specimens. Effectiveness of screening in men and during pregnancy, optimal screening intervals, and adverse effects of screening require further evaluation.
Occupational injuries and psychological support in Chinese nurses: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE To assess the occupational injuries and psychological support received by nurses and to investigate the relationship between the two. METHOD This was a nation-wide cross-sectional study of nurses working across 1858 hospitals in China. Data were collected using an online structured, self-administered questionnaire between 2016 and 2017. RESULTS Nearly half of respondents had experienced aggressive behavior from patients or their attendants; 13.4% respondents had experienced aggressive behavior on more than three occasions. 78.96% respondents had experienced needle-stick injuries and 51.22% had experienced psychological trauma. 20.5% respondents believed that hospitals do not pay any attention to occupational safety. 86.1% respondents expressed the need for little or moderate psychological support. Nurses who had experienced aggressive behavior expressed a greater need for psychological support. Nurses working at hospitals that adequately addressed the occupational safety issues expressed the lowest need for psychological support. CONCLUSION We found a high prevalence of psychological stress and occupational injuries among nurses. Nursing managers need to address this issue and implement interventions to prevent and reduce injuries.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Markers among Patients of the Ibn Sina University Hospital Center (Rabat, Morocco)

Introduction: Viral hepatitis B is a global scourge affecting millions of people worldwide. In Morocco, hepatitis B is considered a public health problem, and available data converge to consider Morocco as a country with intermediate endemicity. In the present study, we have planned to evaluate the HBV prevalence in Morocco on a large scale and to assess the prevalence of different serological markers for better management of this infection in Morocco. Methods: This study was conducted on 18,877 patients referring to the Ibn Sina University Hospital Center of Rabat, Morocco. HBV serological markers including HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, and total HBcAb were assessed by immune-enzymatic assays. The quantification of HBV DNA was performed by real-time PCR. Results: The overall prevalence of positive cases for HBsAg, HBsAb, and total HBcAb was 2.47%, 27.66%, and 21.2%, respectively. From 141 patients with an isolated HBcAb serological profile (HBcAb+/HBsAb−/HBsAg−), HBV DNA was detected in 10 patients, representing a rate of 7.09%. In the present study, up to 95.78% of HBV chronic carriers were negative for HBeAg. Conclusion: This study highlights a higher prevalence of HBsAg in the hospital-based population than the general population reported previously in Morocco and a very low HBV immunization coverage. Of particular interest, detectable HBV DNA levels in isolated HBcAb patients show that exclusive HBsAg screening cannot eliminate the risk of HBV transmission in certain cases. Many efforts are then mandatory to promote serological testing and increase the vaccination rate to limit viral dissemination for better management of this disease in Morocco.
A Highly Potent Antibacterial Agent Targeting Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Based on Cobalt Bis(1,2-Dicarbollide) Alkoxy Derivative

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a notorious superbug that is potentially life-threatening. Among conventional antibiotics, vancomycin is a “gold standard” agent used to treat serious MRSA infections. Such therapy, however, is often ineffective because of the emergence of less-susceptible strains. Therefore, the exploration of new antimicrobial agents, especially nonantibiotic drugs, to cope with the growing threat of MRSA has become an urgent necessity. Herein, we have investigated the possibility to develop a metallacarborane antimicrobial agent, cobalt bis(1,2-dicarbollide) alkoxy derivative (K121), and we have evaluated the relevant anti-MRSA behaviors. We demonstrated that K121 has a dose-dependent anti-MRSA activity with a low minimal inhibitory concentration of 8 μg/mL and a high selectivity over mammalian cells. In particular, a high bacteria-killing efficiency was observed with eradication of all MRSA cells within 30 min. In addition, K121 showed a high inhibition effect on t.
Controllable Dialogue Generation With Disentangled Multi-Grained Style Specification and Attribute Consistency Reward

Controllable text generation is an appealing but challenging task, which allows users to specify particular attributes of the generated outputs. In this paper, we propose a controllable dialogue generation model to steer response generation under multi-attribute constraints. Specifically, we define and categorize the commonly-used control attributes into global and local ones, which possess different granularities of effects on response generation. Then, we significantly extend the conventional seq2seq framework by introducing a novel two-stage decoder, which first uses a multi-grained style specification layer to impose the stylistic constraints and determine word-level control states of responses based on the attributes, and then employs a response generation layer to generate final responses maintaining both semantic relevancy to the contexts and fidelity to the attributes. Furthermore, we train our model with an attribute consistency reward to promote response control with explicit supervision signals. Extensive experiments and in-depth analyses on two datasets indicate that our model can significantly outperform competitive baselines in terms of response quality, content diversity and controllability.
Effectiveness of ADC Difference Value on Pre-neoadjuvant Chemotherapy MRI for Response Evaluation of Breast Cancer

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is known to be a suitable treatment and first-line defense for locally advanced breast cancer. However, the NAC response may include unexpected outcomes, and it is not easy to predict the NAC response precisely. Especially, early detection of those patients who do not benefit from NAC is needed to reduce unnecessary therapy and side effects. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the pretreatment apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value is effective for predicting the response of breast cancer to NAC. Method: Forty-nine breast cancer cases with pre- and post-NAC breast MRI were enrolled. MRI was performed using a 1.5-T scanner with the basic protocol including diffusion-weighted imaging. ADC difference value (ADC-diff) was calculated in all cases. Results: ADC-diff was high in complete response and partial response cases (p < .05). ADC-diff correlated with the DWI rim sign, with a positive DWI rim sign being associated with a higher ADC-diff (p < .05). Conclusion: High-ADC difference value on the pretreatment MRI can provide information for a better response of NAC on breast cancer.
Pulmonary Function Testing in Patients With E-Cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use-Associated Lung Injury

In 2019 there was an outbreak of respiratory illnesses amongst people who used E-cigarettes. This phenomenon was labeled 'EVALI' which stands for "Electronic cigarette (E-cigarette), or Vaping, Product Use-Associated Lung Injury" and is a life-threatening illness of the lungs associated with E-cigarette use. It is believed to be caused by certain chemicals in E-cigarette cartridges, such as vitamin E acetate, but the exact pathophysiological mechanism is yet to be elucidated. Since 2019, the CDC has recorded over 2800 cases in the United States with over 60 deaths. Though many people recover from EVALI, the long-term implications on pulmonary health are unknown. The purpose of this retrospective study was to demonstrate the pulmonary function test (PFT) findings in a group of patients who recovered from a diagnosis of EVALI. We reviewed the cases of 23 adult patients who presented to two major academic hospitals of the Northwell Health System with confirmed EVALI and followed up in our outpatient clinics with PFTs. Most patients had significantly reduced diffusion capacity (DLCO) demonstrating loss of functioning alveolar units. Given that average follow-up was over a month after discharge, this leads us to believe that EVALI can lead to persistent lung damage. However, further follow-up would be necessary to identify the full impact of E-cigarette use on the pulmonary function.
Study of itinerant electronic ferromagnetism in layered compounds Ae2ScO3CoPn (Ae = Sr, Ba, Pn = P, As)

We successfully synthesized polycrystalline samples of new layered compounds Ae2ScO3CoP (Ae = Sr, Ba) and Ba2ScO3CoAs, members with CoPn conduction layers, and measured magnetizations of them. As results, magnetic parameters, i.e. the Curie temperature and the Weiss temperature, are found not to be correlative with lattice parameters a nor c in the case of Ae2ScO3CoPn compounds, including Sr2ScO3CoAs, unlike the case of three dimensional itinerant electronic ferromagnets. We suggested that structural parameters of CoPn4 tetrahedron are good parameters to relate to magnetic parameters in the case of compounds with CoPn layers.
Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). VIII. CO Gap in AS 209—Gas Depletion or Chemical Processing?

Emission substructures in gas and dust are common in protoplanetary disks. Such substructures can be linked to planet formation or planets themselves. We explore the observed gas substructures in AS 209 using thermochemical modeling with RAC2D and high-spatial-resolution data from the Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) program. The observations of C18O J = 2–1 emission exhibit a strong depression at 88 au overlapping with the positions of multiple gaps in millimeter dust continuum emission. We find that the observed CO column density is consistent with either gas surface-density perturbations or chemical processing, while C2H column density traces changes in the C/O ratio rather than the H2 gas surface density. However, the presence of a massive planet (>0.2 M Jup) would be required to account for this level of gas depression, which conflicts with constraints set by the dust emission and the pressure profile measured by gas kinematics. Based on our models, we infer that a local decrease of CO abundance is required to explain the observed structure in CO, dominating over a possible gap-carving planet present and its effect on the H2 surface density. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement.
An expression for the angle of repose of dry cohesive granular materials on Earth and in planetary environments

Significance The angle between the sloping side of a heap of particles and the horizontal, called angle of repose, is often used to characterize the flowability of granular materials on Earth and planetary environments, such as sand, dust aerosols, and powders. In planetary research, this angle provides an excellent proxy for particle size. The smaller the particle is, the larger the effect of attractive forces between atoms and molecules on the surface of the particles relative to particle weight, the less flowable the material, and the steeper, thus, the angle of repose. We present a model that accurately predicts the angle of repose as a function of particle size, both on Earth and under extraterrestrial gravity. The angle of repose—i.e., the angle θr between the sloping side of a heap of particles and the horizontal—provides one of the most important observables characterizing the packing and flowability of a granular material. However, this angle is determined by still poorly understood particle-scale processes, as the interactions between particles in the heap cause resistance to roll and slide under the action of gravity. A theoretical expression that predicts θr as a function of particle size and gravity would have impact in the engineering, environmental, and planetary sciences. Here we present such an expression, which we have derived from particle-based numerical simulations that account for both sliding and rolling resistance, as well as for nonbonded attractive particle–particle interactions (van der Waals). Our expression is simple and reproduces the angle of repose of experimental conical heaps as a function of particle size, as well as θr obtained from our simulations with gravity from 0.06 to 100 times that of Earth. Furthermore, we find that heaps undergo a transition from conical to irregular shape when the cohesive to gravitational force ratio exceeds a critical value, thus providing a proxy for particle-scale interactions from heap morphology.
Increased Copyright Flexibilities for User-Generated Creativity

The arrival of the Internet, social media and other new communication technologies has presented individuals with an unprecedented ability to create new copyrighted works to benefit society. Moving from consumers to prosumers, these individuals have generated contents such as digitally altered images, music remixes, video mash-ups, synchronized animations, machinimas, parodies and satires, and a dazzling array of fanworks. To unleash the potential provided by this new group of creators, policy makers and commentators have advanced a wide array of proposals to reform copyright law. This chapter explores how and why copyright law should be reformed to increase flexibilities for user-generated creativity. Based on recent legislative reforms and the Author's personal experience in the copyright reform process, the chapter outlines two distinct but mutually non-exclusive options: (1) the creation of copyright exceptions for user-generated creativity and (2) the limits to statutory or pre-established damages in the non-commercial context. This chapter further examines the benefits and drawbacks of these reform proposals and briefly responds to their most ardent critics.
Co-Composting Urban Waste, Plant Residues, and Rock Phosphate: Biochemical Characterization and Evaluation of Compost Maturity

ABSTRACT Co-composting of urban wastes (UWs) and plant residues with rock phosphate (RP) produces quality compost and reduces the use of chemical phosphorus fertilizer. Biochemical process of three compost piles (P): P1- 50% UW + 30% rice straw (RS) + 10% sawdust (SD) + 8% RP + 2% sugarcane trash (ST), P2- 50% UW + 23% RS + 10% SD + 15% mustard oil cake + 2% ST, and P3- 95% UW + 5% RP was studied. Decomposition rate followed first-order kinetics and maximum (77%) was in P3. The highest bacterial population was found in P2 having higher cumulative CO2 evolution (53.76 mg CO2 g−1 volume solid). Prevalence of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria was 2.0 to 6.3 Log10 Cfu g−1 dry weight and concentrated in RP-amended piles. Humic acid of compost was classified as rotteprudukte. Final pH (7.5 to 8.0) and germination index (>90) proved that the compost was mature. P3 compost (1 t ha−1, fresh weight) had potential to supply 25 kg phosphorus.
Optimal plasticity for memory maintenance during ongoing synaptic change

Synaptic connections in many brain circuits fluctuate, exhibiting substantial turnover and remodelling over hours to days. Surprisingly, experiments show that most of this flux in connectivity persists in the absence of learning or known plasticity signals. How can neural circuits retain learned information despite a large proportion of ongoing and potentially disruptive synaptic changes? We address this question from first principles by analysing how much compensatory plasticity would be required to optimally counteract ongoing fluctuations, regardless of whether fluctuations are random or systematic. Remarkably, we find that the answer is largely independent of plasticity mechanisms and circuit architectures: compensatory plasticity should be at most equal in magnitude to fluctuations, and often less, in direct agreement with previously unexplained experimental observations. Moreover, our analysis shows that a high proportion of learning-independent synaptic change is consistent with plasticity mechanisms that accurately compute error gradients.
Polypharmacy and Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Blacks with Diabetes Mellitus Presenting to the Emergency Department

Background: Medication-related problems in older Blacks with diabetes mellitus (DM) are not well established. Objectives: To describe the frequency of medication-related problems in older Blacks with DM presenting to the emergency department (ED). Methods: The study was a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a randomized controlled trial evaluating Blacks aged ≥60 years of age presenting to the ED. Polypharmacy, potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use, and anticholinergic score were evaluated. Results: Of 168 patients (median age = 68, range 60–92), most (n = 164, 98%) were taking ≥5 medications, and 67 (39.9%) were taking a PIM. A majority (n = 124, 74%) were taking a medication with an anticholinergic score ≥1. Number of medications was correlated with number of PIMs (r = .22, p = .004) and anticholinergic score (r = .50, p < .001). Conclusion: Polypharmacy and PIM use was common in older Blacks with DM.