Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Timing of Umbilical Cord Clamping and Midwifery Practices

The primary reason of maternal mortality in the world is hemorrhage and it is most frequently occurs in the third stage of labor. Practices in this stage generally gather in two groups, namely “active management” and “expectant management”. In the management of the third stage of the labor, timing of umbilical cord clamping varies. Early cord clamping is preferred more, with the need to prevent postpartum hemorrhage, resuscitation need of neonate, need to prevent cases polycythemia, neonatal jaundice. However, delay of postpartum cord clamping provides blood volume, hemoglobin, hematocrit and iron supply from placenta to neonate. Also, there are strong evidence that it decreases the risk of intraventricular hemorrhage and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm babies. Aim of the article is to discuss the relation of the maternal and neonatal impacts of the timing of umbilical cord clamping with midwifery practice.
Perfectly‐alternating linear (AB)n multiblock copolymers: Effect of molecular design on morphology and properties

Perfectly-alternating linear (AB)n multiblock copolymers consist of n AB block pairs covalently linked in an alternating sequence. Although these copolymers can microphase-order in the same fashion as their lower-order (n = 1) diblock analogs, the 2(n − 1) biconformational midblocks comprising each copolymer molecule have a considerable impact on microstructural characteristics and bulk properties. We have applied transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and extensional rheometry to examine and compare the morphologies and properties of two series of compositionally symmetric (lamellar) poly(styrene-b-isoprene)n (SI)n (1 ≤ n ≤ 4) multiblock copolymers. In one series, chain length was held constant allowing block mass (Mb) to decrease with increasing n. In the second copolymer series, Mb remained relatively invariant. Increasing n in these two series generally promoted reductions in both the lamellar period and upper (styrenic) glass-transition temperature, but noticeable increases in tensile modulus and yield strength. These observed trends are more pronounced in the copolymer series with constant chain length due to the coupled relationship between n and Mb. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 39: 947–955, 2001
Synthesis of some 2,3,6,8-tetraarylimidazo(1,2-a)pyrazine derivatives by using either reflux or microwave irradiation method, and investigation their anticancer activities

In this study, some 2,3,6,8-tetraarylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives were synthesized by reacting 1-(2aryl-2-oxoethyl)-2-aryloyl-4,5-diarylimidazoles from 2-aryloyl-4,5-diarylimidazole and 2-bromoacetophenone derivatives with ammonium acetate in acetic acid by using the method that was previously developed and repeatedly tested in our studies. Structural elucidation of the compounds was performed by IR, H-NMR, and MASS spectroscopic data and elemental analysis results. Anticancer activities of selected compounds were evaluated and the noticeable activity values were reported.
Formation of nanoclusters in silver-doped glasses in wet atmosphere

Thermal stability of silver ions in silicate glasses in dry and wet (0.5- 50% of water content) atmosphere under elevated (160-230 o C) temperature is studied. The glass is doped with silver using silver-to-sodium ion exchange procedure conventionally used for the formation of optical waveguides. It is found that the isothermal annealing of glasses doped with Ag + ions in a wet argon atmosphere leads to the reduction of silver to metallic state and to the formation of silver nanoclusters in the glass body. The clustering in the course of water diffusion into the glass was studied by optical spectrometry. The clusters were not formed during annealing in a dry atmosphere at the same temperatures.
Crystal structure of 2'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2- hydroxybenzoylhydrazide, C14H12N2O3

C14H12N2O3, monoclinic, P12i/cl (no. 14), a = 18.838(3) A, b = 5.2381(7) A, e = 12.709(2) A, β = 107.021(3)°, V = 1199.2 Ä, Ζ = 4, RgrfF) = 0.040, wR^F) = 0.115, Τ = 293 Κ. Source of material 2-Hydroxybenzoylhydrazine (20.0 mmol, 3.04 g) was dissolved in anhydrous ethanol (50 ml) and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (20.0 mmol, 2.44 g) was added. The mixture was refluxed for 1 h and the precipitate formed was collected by filtration, and washed with ethanol. The product was recrystallized from ethanol and dried under reduced pressure to give the title compound. The compound (2.0 mmol, 0.51 g) was dissolved in DMF (25 ml) and kept at room temperature for 45 d to obtain yellow block-shaped crystals, which were collected and washed with distilled water. Discussion Some benzoylhydrazone compounds possess bacteriostatic activity. This type of compound has wide application in tuberculosis treatment and also exhibits fungicidal activity [1]. Some hydrazonecarbonyl compounds also show bioactivity [2]. In order to explore more effective antibacterial medicines, we have synthesized the title compound, 2'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-hydroxybenzoylhydrazide. In the literature, there are structures of two coordination compounds with this compound as ligand [3,4]. The title molecule (figure, top) is non-planar; the dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 16.85(7)°. As a result of the conjugation, die C = 0 distance (1.232(2) A) is longer than the normal value of 1.20 A , and the C1—Ν1 bond distance (1.330(2) A ) is longer than the C=N double-bond distance and shorter than the C—Ν single-bond distance [5]. The values of C7-C2-C1, C3-C2-C1, C8-C9-C14 and C8-C9-C10 angles close to 120° and CI—C2 distance (1.492(2) A), C8—C9 distance (1.450(2) A ) confirm sp hybridization of carbon atoms [6]. Intramolecular Nl—Hl —02 and OS-H7—N2 hydrogen bonds which form a sixmembered ring is observed (figure, bottom). In addition, intermolecular 02-H2—01' and 03-H7· 02" (symmetry codes (i) χ,Υ2-γ,ζ-*/2, (ii) x,V2-y,z+Y2) hydrogen bonds occur, linking the hydroxyl Η with the keto group to a hydroxyl Ο of an adjacent molecule which forms a seven-membered ring (figure, bottom). Table 1. Data collection and handling.
Vertical distribution of total dissolved nitrogen and dissolved organic nitrogen in seawater.

In order to reveal the vertical distribution of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in seawater, a critical examination is made of two the analytical methods for the constituents, i.e. the persulfate oxidation method and the high-temperature catalytic oxidation (HTCO) method with platinum (Pt) or manganese (Mn) as the catalyst. The analytical values of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) from the HTCO method agreed very closely with the values obtained by the persulfate oxidation method for several standard organic nitrogen compounds, humic acid prepared from marine and lake sediments, and natural seawater samples. Both of the catalysts, Mn and Pt used in the HTCO method, provided reproducible data for the TDN analysis. The concentrations of TDN changed vertically by both methods in a manner similar to those of nitrate nitrogen. The concentration of DON in seawater, expressed as the difference of TDN and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), was in the range of 1∼10 μg at N·1-1 from the surface to 2000 m depth at several stations in the North Pacific Ocean. In the subsurface water from 0 to 200 meter depth, DON showed an inverse correlation to nitrate with statistical significance. The gradient of NO3/DON by atom base was ca. -4 for the subsurface samples, indicating that about 25% of NO3 was apparently regenerated from the DON fraction, but no correlation was found below 200 m depth, suggesting. that DON in the deeper layer was relatively refractory for biological activity.
Darstellung und Strukturdaten von „Delafossiten” CuMO2 (M = Al, Ga, Sc, Y)

Durch Feststoffumsetzung aus den binaren Komponenten wurden 2H-CuScO2, R-CuGaO2 und R-CuYO2 erstmals dargestellt und ihre Kristallstrukturen bestimmt sowie diejenigen von R-CuAlO2 und 2H-CuAlO2 verfeinert. Charakteristische Strukturparameter (Gitterkonstanten und Bindungsabstande) werden im Hinblick auf mogliche Cu+Cu+-Wechselwirkungen diskutiert. Synthesis and Structural Data of “Delafossites” CuMO2 (M = Al, Ga, Sc, Y) By solid state reaction of their binary components 2H-CuScO2, R-CuGaO2, and R-CuYO2 were synthesized for the first time. Their crystal structures were determined, and those of R-CuAlO2 and 2H-CuAlO2 refined. Characteristic structural features (lattice constants and interatomic distances) are discussed with respect to possible Cu+Cu+ interactions.
Determination of Biological Nitrogen Fixation Induced N2O Emission from Arable Soil by Using a Closed ChamberTechnique

Intensive use of mineral N fertilizers and organic amendments has resulted in higher N2O emissions. A growing worldwide concern for these problems has motivated researchers, environmentalists, and policy makers to find alternatives to overcome such losses. Biological nitrogen fixation is one of many natural biological approaches to minimize the use of fertilizers and to possibly reduce N2O emissions. A greenhouse study was performed by growing inoculated and noninoculated soybean seeds (Glycine max (L.) Merr. ) in PVC columns. The objective was to measure the contribution of Bradyrhizobium Japonicum and mineral-N fertilizer to promoting N2O emission. A closed chamber technique was used for gas sampling. N2O measurements were carried out shortly after nodulation. Bradyrhizobium Jopanicum induced N2O cumulative (121.8 μg kg−1) fluxes of inoculated seeds was significantly (α = 0.05) higher than those of mineral N fertilized treatment (NIS) and the control (bare soil). Total nitrogen content of the roots and seeds was not affected by inoculation. Total carbon ( 42.1 ± 0.1%), total nitrogen (3.1 ± 0.1%), and crude protein (19.9 ± 0.7%) contents of leaves of the inoculated seeds were significantly higher than those of noninoculated seed treatments. N2O fluxes significantly increased with high dissolved organic carbon content (70.77 ± 3.99 mg L−1) at R3 and at R8 stages when (39.60 ± 0.94 mg L−1) concentrations were high.
Tremorgenic mycotoxins from Penicillium crustosum: isolation of penitrems A–F and the structure elucidation and absolute configuration of penitrem A

The isolation and characteristics of six tremorgenic mycotoxins, penitrems A–F from cultures of Penicillium crustosum are reported. The assignment of structure (2) to penitrem A is based on a detailed study of its high-field 1H and 13C n.m. r. spectra. The conformation and relative configuration of penitrem A was deduced from the observed proton–proton nuclear Overhauser effects (n.O.e.) and the magnitude of the proton–proton coupling constants. The chirality of C-25 was determined as S by the ‘partial resolution’ method of Horeau and penitrem A must therefore have the (12R, 14S, 15R, 18S, 19R, 22S, 23S, 24R, 25S, 26R, 28S, 31R, 32S) absolute configuration.
Experimental Study of Ignition and Detonation Initiation in Two-Phase Valveless Pulse Detonation Engines

This paper addressed the ignition and detonation initiation investigation of two-phase valveless pulse detonation engines (PDEs) in different operational cases. To quantify the ignition and detonation initiation performance, the parameters detonation initiation time and deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) distance were examined. Detonation initiation time was defined as the time between the times when the spark plug received the ignition signal and when detonation initiated by DDT, which was the sum of the ignition time and DDT time. In order to observe the effects of ignition energy, operating frequency of the PDE, liquid fuel type, and inner diameter of the PDE on detonation initiation characteristics, proof–of-principle experiments of PDEs with inner diameters of 50 mm and 120 mm were carried out. Gasoline and kerosene were used as the liquid fuels of PDEs. A conventional Schelkin spiral is used to obtain DDT in liquid fuel/air mixtures. The results indicated that the ignition energy, operating frequency, fuel type, and PDE diameter had important effects on detonation initiation time. As the ignition energy increased, the detonation initiation time decreased, and the average thrust of PDE increased while the DDT distance didn't change notably. As the operating frequency increased, the detonation initiation time and the optimum equivalence ratio required to stabilize multi-cycle detonation decreased while the ignition energy effect on detonation initiation time degenerated. The detonation initiation time and DDT distance of kerosene/air was longer than that of gasoline/air. As the operating frequency increased, the difference between the detonation initiation time of kerosene/air and that of gasoline/air decreased. The experimental data suggested that the detonation initiation time and DDT distance increased at the increased PDE diameter.
Geologic Map Database for Aggregate Resource Assessment in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area and Surrounding Regions, Arizona

This geologic map database and report represent a new geologic map compilation of the four 1:100,000 scale geologic maps that encompass the Phoenix metropolitan area. This compilation includes new mapping of the deposits associated with the major river systems (Salt, Gila, Verde, Agua Fria, and Hassayampa) and their largest tributaries (New River, and Skunk, Cave and Queen Creeks). In addition, mapping of deposits of smaller tributaries was improved in many parts of the map area. We made minor revisions of existing bedrock mapping, primarily along boundaries between previous compilation maps, and merged similar bedrock units into a simplified set of units. The primary purpose of this compilation is to depict geologic units that have been and are being exploited for aggregate resources in a uniform and fairly simple manner. This supports efforts of local governments to include aggregate resources in their land management planning, as mandated by state law. These data should also serve as useful reconnaissance tools for aggregate producers when they evaluate potential future resources.
Temporal Variation and Source Analysis of Radiocesium in an Urban River after the 2011 Nuclear Accident in Fukushima, Japan

The release of radiocesium from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant caused environmental contamination. We analyzed sources, behavior, and temporal trends of radiocesium by 1-year monitoring in an urban river, the Ohori River. The concentrations of Cs in both particulate and dissolved phases decreased to ~ 16% within 1 year. The partition coefficient in dry weather was estimated to be 3.2 × 10 L/kg. Cs concentrations in the particulate phase were higher during wet weather than during dry weather on the basis of both suspended solids (SS) weight and liquid volume. The ratios of Cs concentration to deposited Cs in the Ohori River (e.g., composite: 0.26 m/kg-SS in June – July 2012) were higher than those in the Abukuma River, probably because of differences in land use. Source analysis by a chemical mass balance method showed that 22% of Cs came from river water in dry weather, 39% from river sediments, and 39% from road dust highlighting urban surface deposits such as road dust as major sources of Cs in the river water even 2 years after the accident, and that the wash-off of these deposits increased the Cs concentration in the river during wet weather.
Theoretical predictions of activation energies for 1,2-hydrogen shifts in singlet carbenes

Activation energies for 1,2-hydrogen shifts of substituted methylcarbenes are predicted using MP4/6-311G ** energies calculated on MP2/6-31G * optimized geometries. An excellent linear free energy correlation is observed between predicted activation energies and the σ R o values of the α-substituents. Activation barriers for the 1,2-hydrogen shift of methylcarbene, methylchlorocarbene, cis- and trans-methylhydroxycarbene, cis- and trans-methylmethoxycarbene, trans-methylvinylcarbene, and allylcarbene are predicted and compared with experimental values, when available
New developments in mid-infrared Sb-based lasers

A number of different approaches are being investigated to obtain high-performance mid-infrared (2-5 μm) diode lasers for applications such as infrared lidar, remote sensing and environmental monitoring. They include laser heterostructures based on interband transitions in quantum-well or superlattice active region, and quantum cascade structures based on unipolar intersubband transitions. The Sb-containing structures, employing GaSb, InAs, AlSb and related alloys, are focusing actually much attention. Significant improvements in the molecular beam epitaxy of these alloys make possible now the growth of laser antimonide structures of high structural quality. Excellent performances have been reported at = 2 μm from GaInAsSb /AlGaAsSb and at = 3.5 μm from InAsSb/InAlAsSb type-I quantum-well diode lasers. Type-II (staggered alignment) GaInAsSb/GaSb and type-III (broken gap alignment) InAs/Ga(In)Sb strained multiquantum-well lasers are promising material systems for mid-infrared sources, due to their large conduction and valence band offsets, the potential of Auger process suppression and the enhancement of the electron-hole optical coupling by wave function engineering. Besides high performance interband quantum cascade lasers operating at room temperature with negligible current leakage and high output power can be designed from Sb-containing type-III structures.
Individual and additive effects of Na+ and Cl− ions on rice under salinity stress

This study was attempted to assess the extent of toxicity contributed by Na+ and/or Cl− ions individually, besides their possible additive effects under NaCl using physiological and biochemical parameters. Despite the fact that most annual plants accumulate both Na+ and Cl− under saline conditions and each ion deserves equal considerations, most research has been focused on Na+ toxicity. Consequently, Cl− toxicity mechanisms including its accumulation/exclusion in plants are poorly understood. To address these issues, effects of equimolar (100 mM) concentrations of Na+, Cl− and NaCl (EC ≈ 10 dS m−1) were studied on 15-day-old seedlings of two rice cultivars, Panvel-3 (tolerant) and Sahyadri-3 (sensitive), using in vitro cultures. All three treatments induced substantial reductions in germination rate and plant growth with greater impacts under NaCl than Na+ and Cl− separately. Apparently, salt tolerance of Panvel-3 was due to its ability to exclude Na+ and Cl− from its shoots and maintaining low (<1.0) Na+/K+ ratios. Panvel-3 exhibited better vigour and membrane stability indices coupled with lower reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation levels, besides stimulated synthesis of proline, glycine betaine and ascorbic acid. Overall, the magnitude of toxicity was observed in NaCl > Na+ > Cl− manner. Though Cl− was relatively less toxic than its countercation, its effect cannot be totally diminished.
Engineering Coexposed {001} and {101} Facets in Oxygen-Deficient TiO2 Nanocrystals for Enhanced CO2 Photoreduction under Visible Light

This work for the first time reports engineered oxygen-deficient, blue TiO2 nanocrystals with coexposed {101}-{001} facets (TiO2–x{001}-{101}) to enhance CO2 photoreduction under visible light. The TiO2–x{001}-{101} material demonstrated a relatively high quantum yield (0.31% under UV–vis light and 0.134% under visible light) for CO2 reduction to CO by water vapor and more than 4 times higher visible light activity in comparison with TiO2 with a single {001} plane or {101} plane and TiO2(P25). Possible reasons are the exposure of more active sites (e.g., undercoordinated Ti atoms and oxygen vacancies), the facilitated electron transfer between {001} and {101} planes, and the formation of a new energy state (Ti3+) within the TiO2 band gap to extend the visible light response. An in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) study was applied to understand the roles of coexposed {001}-{101} facets and Ti3+ sites in activating surface intermediates. The in situ DRIFTS analysis .
Culture of Meniscal Chondrocytes on Alginate Hydrogel Matrices

Alginate hydrogels, crosslinked ionically (with calcium ions) and covalently (with 1-ethyl-3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide carbodiiamide) have been investigated for their suitability as scaffolds for meniscal chondrocyte cell culture. Ovine meniscal chondrocytes were encapsulated at 2.6 ± 0.6 × 106 cells/ml in 1–2% w/v alginate beads and were also seeded onto the surface of flat alginate hydrogels. Alginate beads were cultured in stirred or static environments on DMEM media with 10% serum. The alginate beads supported cell growth for over 50 days, however, cell numbers and viability in the alginate beads were found to decrease over time, with a greater retention of cell viability in the stirred flask culture. When cultured on flat alginate gels, it was found that a much greater cell count was achieved on gels which had been pre-conditioned with culture media containing chondrocytes as compared with soaking in media alone. Covalently crosslinked gels were found to disintegrate over a 3 day period, and were generally unsuitable for supporting meniscal chondrocyte growth.