Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Picture-based health education and counselling on knowledge and adherence to preconception Iron-folic acid supplementation among women planning to be pregnant in Eastern Ethiopia: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract The present study examined the effect of picture-based nutrition education on knowledge and adherence to pre-conception iron–folic acid supplement (IFAS) in Ethiopia, a country where there is a high burden of neural tube defects (NTDs) and anaemia. In eastern Ethiopia, a parallel randomised controlled trial design was employed among women planning to get pregnant. The interventional arm (n 122) received a preconception picture-based nutrition education and counselling along with an IFAS and the control arm (n 122) received only a preconception IFAS. The effects of the intervention between-group differences were assessed using a χ2 and independent sample t-test. Bivariate and multivariable linear regression model was fitted to detect independent variables affecting the outcome. The outcome measures regarding the knowledge and adherence to the IFAS intake during the three months of the intervention period were deteremined. It was observed that large proportion of women in the intervention group (42⋅6 %) had an adherence to IFAS compared to the control group (3⋅3 %); (P < 0⋅0001). Based on bivariate and multivariable linear regression analyses, among NTDs affecting pregnancy, the history of spontaneous abortion and knowledge were independently associated with adherence to the IFAS (P < 0⋅05). Preconception nutrition education with regular follow-ups could be effective in improving knowledge and adherence to the IFAS intake. This intervention is very short, simple, cost-effective and has the potential for adaptation development to a large-scale implementation in the existing healthcare system in Ethiopia to prevent NTDs and adverse birth outcomes among women who plan to get pregnant. This clinical trial was registered on 6 April 2021 under the ClinicalTrials.gov with an identifier number PACTR202104543567379.
Moths complement bumblebee pollination of red clover: a case for day-and-night insect surveillance

Recent decades have seen a surge in awareness about insect pollinator declines. Social bees receive the most attention, but most flower-visiting species are lesser known, non-bee insects. Nocturnal flower visitors, e.g. moths, are especially difficult to observe and largely ignored in pollination studies. Clearly, achieving balanced monitoring of all pollinator taxa represents a major scientific challenge. Here, we use time-lapse cameras for season-wide, day-and-night pollinator surveillance of Trifolium pratense (L.; red clover) in an alpine grassland. We reveal the first evidence to suggest that moths, mainly Noctua pronuba (L.; large yellow underwing), pollinate this important wildflower and forage crop, providing 34% of visits (bumblebees: 61%). This is a remarkable finding; moths have received no recognition throughout a century of T. pratense pollinator research. We conclude that despite a non-negligible frequency and duration of nocturnal flower visits, nocturnal pollinators of T. pratense have been systematically overlooked. We further show how the relationship between visitation and seed set may only become clear after accounting for moth visits. As such, population trends in moths, as well as bees, could profoundly affect T. pratense seed yield. Ultimately, camera surveillance gives fair representation to non-bee pollinators and lays a foundation for automated monitoring of species interactions in future.
Compartment and Plant Identity Shape Tree Mycobiome in a Subtropical Forest

Subtropical mountain forests are widely distributed in Southern China and are characterized by high biodiversity. The interactions between plants and fungi play pivotal roles in biodiversity maintenance and community stability. ABSTRACT Deciphering the relationships between microbes and their host plants is critical for a better understanding of microbial diversity maintenance and community stability. Here, we investigated fungal diversity and community assembly in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of 13 tree species in a subtropical common-garden experiment. The results showed that fungal community structures significantly differed across compartments (leaf, root, and soil) and different tree species. Higher α-diversity was observed in the phyllosphere than in the roots and rhizospheric soil. Fungal community composition (β-diversity) was significantly affected by both compartment and species identity. The fungal community compositions were significantly correlated with soil pH in the roots and the soils as well as with soil nitrate and leaf total phosphorus in the leaves. We found that fungal community assemblies were mainly driven by deterministic processes, regardless of compartments. Moreover, host preference analyses indicated that stronger plant/fungus preferences occurred in leaves than in roots and soils. Our results highlight the differences in tree mycobiome between aboveground and belowground compartments and have important implications for the promotion of biodiversity conservation and management sustainability for the subtropical forest. IMPORTANCE Subtropical mountain forests are widely distributed in Southern China and are characterized by high biodiversity. The interactions between plants and fungi play pivotal roles in biodiversity maintenance and community stability. Nevertheless, knowledge of fungal diversity and of the community assembly patterns of woody plants is scarce. Here, we investigated fungal diversity and community assembly in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of 13 tree species in a common-garden experiment. We found that both compartment and plant identity influenced fungal diversity, community, and guild compositions, while deterministic processes mainly governed the fungal community assembly, especially in the rhizospheric fungal communities. Our results demonstrate that tree leaves represent stronger host/fungi preferences than do roots and soils. Together, our findings enhance the understanding of the roles of compartment and plant identity in structuring fungal communities as well as promote fungal diversity maintenance in subtropical mountain forest ecosystems.
Risk factors for and characteristics of community‐ and hospital‐acquired drug‐induced acute kidney injuries

Drugs constitute one of the leading causes of acute kidney injuries (AKIs) and can appear in community (CA‐AKI) or hospital (HA‐AKI) population. The objectives of the present study of a cohort of hospitalized patients with AKI were to describe the characteristics of drug‐induced AKIs and the patients' short‐term outcomes and assess risk factors for drug‐induced AKIs overall, CA‐AKIs, and HA‐AKIs. Based on a cohort of 1557 hospitalized patients suffering from AKIs based on PMSI extraction and chart review (IRA‐PMSI), drug‐induced AKIs were identified by applying the Naranjo adverse drug reaction (ADR) probability scale. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with CA‐AKIs and/or HA‐AKIs. When considering the 1557 patients who experienced an AKI, 445 (28.6%) of the injuries were drug‐induced (180 CA‐AKIs (40.4%) and 265 HA‐AKIs (59.6%)). Antibiotics, diuretics, and contrast agents were significantly more likely to be involved in HA‐AKIs, whereas antineoplastic, lipid‐lowering drugs, antidiabetics, and immunosuppressive were significantly more likely to be involved in CA‐AKIs. Female sex (odds ratio [OR] [95%CI] = 1.3 [1.04–1.67]), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR = 1.8 [1.40–2.67]), and a history of ADRs of any type (OR = 1.3 [1.05–1.73]) were significant risk factors for drug‐induced AKIs. CKD was a risk factor for both CA‐AKI and HA‐AKI. In view of the long‐term impact of AKI on the kidneys and the differences between our CA‐AKI and HA‐AKI subgroups, our present results are interesting for optimizing treatments, limiting the occurrence of CA‐ and HA‐AKIs and (ultimately) reducing healthcare costs.
Guidance on Customization of Highway Safety Manual for Virginia

For increased accuracy of the results of the procedures in the Highway Safety Manual (HSM), states have been encouraged to customize the procedures with local data. One way to customize the procedures is to develop calibration factors and to apply them to the default safety performance functions in the HSM. However, other ways can accomplish customization. The Virginia Department of Transportation (DOT) wants to customize the HSM procedures for the state as accurately as its resources will allow. This study examined ways to customize procedures and then developed guidance that could help a highway agency choose the best customization option for its jurisdiction. The guidance was used to recommend the best option for Virginia by using empirical data. The analysis was limited to divided segments and four-leg signalized intersections of rural multilane highways because the Virginia DOT's database provides most of the data required for developing safety performance functions and calibration factors for these two site types. The developed guidance flowchart can be used by an agency interested in customizing the HSM procedures. The flowchart can be applied with a combination of expert opinion and data analysis; a greater reliance on data analysis would require more time and resources. The guidance flowchart was applied in Virginia: a combination of Virginia's statewide safety performance functions, district-group calibration factors, and district-specific crash proportions appeared to be the best option for the state.
Parallel planning through an optimal neural subspace in motor cortex

How do patterns of neural activity in motor cortex contribute to the planning of a movement? A recent theory developed for single movements proposes that motor cortex acts as a dynamical system whose initial state is optimized during the preparatory phase of the movement. This theory makes important yet untested predictions about preparatory dynamics in more complex behavioral settings. Here, we analyzed preparatory activity in non-human primates planning not one, but two movements simultaneously. As predicted by the theory, we found that parallel planning was achieved by adjusting preparatory activity within an optimal subspace to an intermediate state reflecting a tradeoff between the two movements. The theory quantitatively accounted for the relationship between this intermediate state and fluctuations in the animals’ behavior down at the trial level. These results uncover a simple mechanism for planning multiple movements in parallel, and further point to motor planning as a controlled dynamical process.
Oscillatory mechanisms of intrinsic brain networks

Neuroimaging studies of hemodynamic fluctuations have shown specific network-based organization of the brain at rest, yet the neurophysiological underpinning of these networks in human brain remain unclear. Here, we recorded resting-state activities of neuronal populations in the key regions of default mode network (DMN, posterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex), frontoparietal network (FPN, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal lobule), and salience network (SN, anterior insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex) from 42 human participants using intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG). We observed stronger within-network connectivity of the DMN, FPN and SN in broadband iEEG power, stronger phase synchronization within the DMN across theta and alpha bands, and weaker phase synchronization within the FPN in delta, theta and alpha band. We also found positive power correlations in high frequency band (70-170Hz) and negative power correlations in alpha and beta band for FPN-DMN and FPN-SN. Robust negative correlations in DMN-SN were found in alpha, beta and gamma band. These findings provide intracranial electrophysiological evidence in support of the network model for intrinsic organization of human brain and shed light on the way how the brain networks communicate at rest.
Graft of cardiac progenitors in a pig model of right ventricular failure triggers myocardial epimorphosis, regeneration and protection of function

The failure of diseased adult heart to regenerate is a major burden to our societies. Besides patients with ischemia and left ventricular dysfunction, progress in pediatric surgery to repair cardiac malformations has led to a growing population of now adult congenital heart diseases patients with right ventricular failure. In the absence of any efficient pharmacological therapy for these patients, cell therapy has turned out to be the only option to regenerate the RV myocardium. In this study, we demonstrate that the adult pig with RV failure, a model of repaired tetralogy of Fallot, has the ability of regenerative epimorphosis. Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac Nkx2.5+ progenitor cells were seeded in a collagen based patch to cover the whole pig failing RV. We report that these cells migrate within the myocardium while reversing the interstitial fibrosis. They then engraft and fully differentiate into fetal-like human myocytes within the myocardium. The graft triggers activation of macrophages and the reprogramming of surrounding pig myocytes into Oct4+ /Nanog- blastemal-like cells. The reprogrammed myocytes re-differentiate and proliferate around human myocytes. Altogether, our findings reveal that mammalian hearts have the ability to undergo epimorphosis, the major process of endogenous regeneration that leads to a recovery of their contractile function.
Improved predictions of phase behaviour of intrinsically disordered proteins by tuning the interaction range

The formation and viscoelastic properties of condensates of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) is dictated by amino acid sequence and solution conditions. Because of the involvement of biomolecular condensates in cell physiology and disease, furthering our understanding of the relationship between protein sequence and phase separation (PS) may have important implications in the formulation of new therapeutic hypotheses. Here, we present CALVADOS 2, a coarse-grained model of IDPs that accurately predicts conformational properties and propensity to undergo PS for diverse sequences and solution conditions. In particular, we systematically study the effect of varying the range of nonionic interactions and use our findings to improve the temperature scale of the model. We further optimize the residue-specific model parameters against experimental data on the conformational properties of 55 proteins, while also leveraging 70 hydrophobicity scales from the literature to avoid overfitting the training data. Extensive testing shows that the model accurately predicts chain compaction and PS propensity for sequences of diverse length and charge patterning, as well as at different temperatures and salt concentrations.
Latent Transforming Growth Factor β Binding Protein 3 Controls Adipogenesis

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) is released from cells as part of a trimeric latent complex consisting of TGFβ, the TGFβ propeptides, and either a latent TGFβ binding protein (LTBP) or glycoprotein-A repetitions predominant (GARP) protein. LTBP1 and 3 modulate latent TGFβ function with respect to secretion, matrix localization, and activation and, therefore, are vital for the proper function of the cytokine in a number of tissues. TGFβ modulates stem cell differentiation into adipocytes (adipogenesis), but the potential role of LTBPs in this process has not been studied. We observed that 72 h post adipogenesis initiation Ltbp1, 2, and 4 expression levels decrease by 74-84%, whereas Ltbp3 expression levels remain constant during adipogenesis. We found that LTBP3 silencing in C3H/10T1/2 cells reduced adipogenesis, as measured by the percentage of cells with lipid vesicles and the expression of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Lentiviral mediated expression of an Ltbp3 mRNA resistant to siRNA targeting rescued the phenotype, validating siRNA specificity. Knockdown (KD) of Ltbp3 expression in 3T3-L1, M2, and primary bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) indicated a similar requirement for Ltbp3. Epididymal and inguinal white adipose tissue fat pad weights of Ltbp3-/- mice were reduced by 62% and 57%, respectively, compared to wild-type mice. Inhibition of adipogenic differentiation upon LTBP3 loss is mediated by TGFβ, as TGFβ neutralizing antibody and TGFβ receptor I kinase blockade rescue the LTBP3 KD phenotype. These results indicate that LTBP3 has a TGFβ-dependent function in adipogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Significance Understanding the control of mesenchymal stem cell fate is crucial for the potential use of these cells for regenerative medicine. Highlights Latent TGFβ binding protein 3 (LTBP3) is required for adipogenesis LTBP3 mediates TGFβ levels in adipogenesis Loss of LTBP3 results in enhanced rather than decreased levels of active TGFβ
Dendritic Cell Vaccines In Vivo by Amplification of T Cell Responses Induced Endogenous Dendritic Cells Are Required for

Dendritic cells (DCs) loaded in vitro with Ag are used as cellular vaccines to induce Ag-speciﬁc immunity. These cells are thought to be responsible for direct stimulation of Ag-speciﬁc T cells, which may subsequently mediate immunity. In this study, in transgenic mouse models with targeted MHC class II expression speciﬁcally on DCs, we show that the DC vaccine is responsible only for partial CD4 (cid:1) T cell activation, but to obtain optimal expansion of T cells in vivo, participation of endogenous (resident) DCs, but not endogenous B cells, is crucial. Transfer of Ag to endogenous DCs seems not to be mediated by simple peptide diffusion, but rather by DC-DC interaction in lymph nodes as demonstrated by histological analysis. In contrast, injection of apoptotic or necrotic DC vaccines does not induce T cell responses, but rather represents an immunological null event, which argues that viability of DC vaccines can be crucial for initial triggering of T cells. We propose that viable DCs from the DC vaccine must migrate to the draining lymph nodes and initiate a T cell response, which thereafter requires endogenous DCs that present transferred Ag in order induce optimal T cell expansion. These results are of speciﬁc importance with regard to the applicability of DC vaccinations in tumor patients, where the function of endogenous DCs is suppressed by either tumors or chemotherapy. The Journal of Immunology, 2003, 170: 2817–2823. Re-presentation of Ag by endogenous DCs in of activated, proliferating effector T
A comparison of mixed integer programming formulations of the capacitated lot-sizing problem

We propose a novel mixed integer programming formulation for the capacitated lot-sizing problem with set-up times and set-up carryover. We compare our formulation to two earlier formulations, the Classical and Modified formulations, and a more recent formulation due to Suerie and Stadtler. Extensive computational experiments show that our formulation consistently outperforms the Classical and Modified formulations in terms of CPU time and solution quality. It is competitive with the Suerie–Stadtler (S&S) formulation, but outperforms all other formulations on the most challenging instances, those with low-capacity slack and a dense jobs matrix. We show that some of the differences in the performance of these various formulations arise from their different use of binary variables to represent production or set-up states. We also show that the LP relaxation of our Novel formulation provides a tighter lower bound than that of the Modified formulation. Our experiments demonstrate that, while the S&S formulation provides a much tighter LP bound, the Novel formulation is better able to exploit the intelligence of the CPLEX solution engine.
The Association between English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Reading Comprehension Achievement and Substance Use among Jimma University Undergraduates, Ethiopia

This study investigated the relationship between EFL reading comprehension achievement and substance use among undergraduate students in Jimma University. Data were collected from a sample of second and third year students (N= 802) randomly selected from four colleges. The data collection instruments used in the study were pretested structured questionnaire and standardized reading comprehension test. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. P-value < 0.05 was used as a cut-off point for statistical significance. The findings revealed that substance use had some association with students’ EFL reading comprehension achievement. Prolonged use of substances, onset of substance use (before university enrolment vs. after university enrolment) and frequency of alcohol intake had significant associations with students’ reading comprehension achievement. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------* However, the association between substance use and reading comprehension achievement is not straightforward since various factors determine the relationship between the two variables. Further studies are necessary to establish a clear understanding of the association between substance use and achievement in EFL reading comprehension.
Durvalumab After Chemoradiation for Unresectable Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Inferior Outcomes and Lack of Health Equity in Hispanic Patients Treated With PACIFIC Protocol (LA1-CLICaP)

Objectives To compare the rate disparity between outcomes (overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and safety) of concurrent chemoradiation (cCRT) followed by durvalumab in two patient cohorts with locally advanced (LA) stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), one non-Hispanic White (NHW), and the other Latin-American. Methods A multicenter retrospective study was performed, including 80 Hispanic and 45 NHW LA stage III NSCLC patients treated with cCRT followed by durvalumab. Both cohorts were analyzed in terms of main outcomes (OS, PFS, and safety) and compared between them and with the PACIFIC trial population outcomes. The efficacy-effectiveness gap was assessed using an efficacy-effectiveness (EE) factor that was calculated by dividing each cohort median overall survival by the corresponding reference OS from the PACIFIC trial. In both cohorts, results of PD-L1 testing were recorded, and the main outcomes were compared according to PD-1 expression levels (≥50%, 1–49%, and <1%). Results For the entire population (N=125), the overall response rate (ORR) was 57.6% (N=72), and 18.4% (N=25) achieved stable disease. OS was 26.3 months (95%CI 23.9-28.6), and PFS was 20.5 months (95%CI 18.0-23.0). PFS assessed by ethnicity showed a median for the Hispanic population of 19.4 months (95%CI 16.4-22.5) and 21.2 months (95%CI 17.2-23.3; p=0.76) for the NHW group. OS by race showed a significant difference in favor of the NHW group, with a median OS of 27.7 months (95%CI 24.6-30.9) vs. 20.0 months (95%CI 16.4-23.5) for Hispanics. (P=0.032). Unadjusted 12-month and 24-month OS was 86.6% (95%CI 79.9–88.0) and 46.6% (95%CI 40.2–48.3) for NHW compared to 82.5% (95%CI 77.1–84.2) and 17.5% (95%CI 15.6-24.5) in Hispanics. NHW had an EE factor of 0.78 and Hispanics had 0.58, showing a reduction in survival versus NHW and PACIFIC of 20% and 42%, respectively. HR for the OS among NHWs and Hispanics was 1.53 (95%CI 1.12-1.71; P=0.052) and 2.31 (95%CI 1.76-2.49; P=0.004). Fifty-six patients (44.8%) had some degree of pneumonitis due to cCRT plus durvalumab. There was no difference in the proportion of pneumonitis according to race (P=0.95), and the severity of pneumonitis was not significantly different between Hispanics and NHWs (P=0.41). Conclusions Among patients with LA stage III NSCLC, NHW had better survival outcomes when compared to Hispanics, with an OS that seems to favor the NHW population and with an EE factor that shows a shorter survival in Hispanics compared with NHW and with the PACIFIC trial group.