Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of sediment thickness on energy delivery to the bed by bedload impacts

Fluvial bedrock erosion rates due to impacting sediment particles are thought to be proportional to the energy delivered to the bedrock. When sediment particles cover the bed, they reduce the energy transmitted to the bed by an impacting particle. We measured the decline of energy transferred through sediment cover of increasing thickness in laboratory experiments. The energy arriving at the bed is a function both of the cover thickness and the grain size of the covering sediment. Using a simple stochastic model of cover distribution, the experimental results were upscaled to the reach scale. Although cover thickness influences energy delivery heavily at a given point, when averaging over the whole bed, cover-free areas dominate total energy delivery, making partial energy transfer through the cover negligible when a small or intermediate fraction of the bed is covered by sediment. Partial energy delivery through the bed cover is not negligible when a large fraction or the complete bed is already covered, but in this situation, an erosion threshold may become important. On grounds of the presented data, we expect that the areal distribution of sediment in a bedrock channel dominates total energy delivery and that partial energy delivery to the bed through a sediment layer can be neglected for most modelling purposes.
Bioaerosols in swine confinement buildings: A metaproteomic view

Abstract Swine confinement buildings represent workplaces with high biological air pollution. It is suspected that individual components of inhalable air are causatives of chronic respiratory disease that are regularly detected among workers. In order to understand the relationship between exposure and stress, it is necessary to study the components of bioaerosols in more detail. For this purpose, bioaerosols from pig barns were collected on quartz filters and analysed via a combinatorial approach of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metaproteomics. The study reveals the presence of peptides from pigs, their feed and microorganisms. The proportion of fungal peptides detected is considered to be underrepresented compared to bacterial peptides. In addition, the metaproteomic workflow enabled functional predictions about the discovered peptides. Housekeeping proteins were found in particular, but also evidence for the presence of bacterial virulence factors (e.g., serralysin‐like metalloprotease) as well as plant (e.g., chitinase) and fungal allergens (e.g., alt a10). Metaproteomic analyses can thus be used to identify factors that may be relevant to the health of pig farmers. Accordingly, such studies could be used in the future to assess the adverse health potential of an occupationally relevant bioaerosol and help consider defined protective strategies for workers.
Target blood pressure in Korean hemodialysis patients for optimal survival.

Background Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor in hemodialysis patients. This study identified the optimal blood pressure (BP) target for Korean hemodialysis patients using the Korean Renal Dialysis System (KORDS) dataset from the Korean Society of Nephrology and a pooled analysis for previous studies. Methods Hemodialysis patients were classified according to their systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) at intervals of 20 and 10 mmHg, respectively. As a primary and secondary outcome, all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were evaluated. Subsequently, pooled analysis with previous literatures was performed. Results Among 70,607 patients, 13,708 (19.4%) died in 2,426 days (interquartile range, 1,256-4,075 days). Mean SBP and DBP were 143.0 ± 19.6 and 78.5 ± 12.0 mmHg. In multivariable Cox regression, the patients with SBP of <120 and ≥180 mmHg showed 1.10- and 1.12-times increased risk of all-cause mortality compared to SBP of 120-140 mmHg. Meanwhile, DBP showed no significant association. In subgroup analysis, patients aged <70 years and without diabetes had a U-shaped SBP-mortality association. Cardiovascular mortality was increased in SBP of ≥160 mmHg compared to 120-140 mmHg, but it was not in <120 mmHg. Pooled analysis with previous studies mostly showed elevated risk in SBP of <120 mmHg, but the risks in 140-160 and 160-180 mmHg were not consistent. Conclusion Extremely lowering BP (<120 mmHg) or uncontrolled hypertension (≥160 mmHg) should be avoided to optimize survival in Korean hemodialysis patients. Detailed analysis for patients with SBP of 120-160 mmHg should be studied further under uniform BP measurement, along with consideration of risk of intradialytic hypotension. Tailored recommendations regarding patient risk factors also should be considered.
Development of airglow oh temperature imager for mesopheric study

In this work we present a methodology to calculate the temperature in the upper mesosphere using a spectral OH (6-2) airglow temperature imager. The temperature imager system consists of a CCD camera and an optical head (including an interferometer filter, Fresnel lens and objective lens) which was developed by Airglow group of INPE in S˜ ao Josdos Campos, Brazil. The instrument calibration was performed at National Institute of Polar Research, Japan, using a 2 m diameter integrating sphere. The airglow test observations were carried out at Cachoeira Paulista Observatory (22.7 ◦ S), Brazil, from March to May 2005, and the results were compared to that obtained by a tilting-filter zenith photometer (MC2) at the same place. Some results are presented and compared with MSISE-90 atmospheric temperature model, which showed a good agreement in the nocturnal mean values, while exhibiting a different nocturnal variability.
The Effect of a Diabetes Self-Management Mobile Application on Self-Efficacy, Self-Care Agency, and Self-Care Management Among Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that needs long-term management. Mobile health is an emerging field that is being used for diabetes self-management. Aim: Evaluate the effect of a diabetes self-management mobile application on self-efficacy, self-care agency, and self-care management among 128 Jordanian patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: The study utilized a non-equivalent controlled groups quasi-experimental design, with 64 patients in the control and in the intervention groups. Results: There was significant improvement in mean self-efficacy in the intervention group, improved self-care agency between the groups, and improved self-care management both within the intervention group and between the groups, after controlling for self-efficacy and self-care agency. Conclusion: Using a diabetes self-management mobile application may help improve patients’ confidence in managing diabetes, and better commitment to and performance of self-care activities.
Computational Prediction of Propeller Performance in Icing Conditions

The objective of this investigation was to develop a computational methodology to quantify propeller performance in icing conditions and to identify areas where additional research is required. Propeller blade-section ice geometry was predicted using the ice accretion code LEWICE, the corresponding degradation in blade-section aerodynamic performance was predicted using the RANS code Fluent, and the blade-section performance was correlated to propeller performance with a blade-element code utilizing vortex theory. The results of this process were compared to experimental data obtained during a full-scale propeller icing test conducted at McKinley Climatic Laboratory at Eglin AFB. Ice shedding was found to be significant during these tests, and LEWICE was only able to accurately predict blade-section ice geometries by accounting for this shedding using experimental observations. Fluent predictions of blade-section aerodynamic performance were compared with experimental measurements obtained with artificial ice shapes in an earlier part of this investigation; agreement ranged from poor to good, depending on the blade section and ice geometry. The resulting predictions in clean and iced propeller performance were within 10% of the experimentally-measured values for two of the three icing conditions presented, and within 17% for the third set of conditions. This study has identified areas where research is needed to improve the accuracy of the predictions.
A microseismic study in the western part of the Gulf of Corinth (Greece): implications for large‐scale normal faulting mechanisms

SUMMARY We present the results of a dense seismological experiment in the western part of the Gulf of Corinth (Psathopyrgos-Aigion area), one of the most active rifts in the Aegean region for which we have precise tectonic information. The network included 51 digital stations that operated during July and August 1991, covering a surface of 40 x 40 km2. Among the 5000 recorded events with ML ranging between 1.0 and 3.0, we precisely located 774 events. We obtained 148 well-constrained focal mechanisms using P-wave first motions. Of these, 60 also have mechanisms obtained by combining the P-wave first motions with the S-wave polarization directions. The observed seismicity is mainly located between 6 and 11 km depth. Most of the fault-plane solutions correspond to E-W-striking normal faulting, in agreement with the geological evidence. Most of the well-determined mechanisms indicate a nodal plane dipping 10-25" due north and a steep south-dipping plane. A similar asymmetry is also seen in the seismicity distribution and in the overall geological structure of the Corinth Rift. We discuss this evidence and the inference of a deep detachment zone, a structure where the major faults seen at the surface appear to root. A large part of the microseismic activity appears to cluster in regions near the junctions of the main faults with the proposed detachment zone. This feature of the microseismicity is interpreted in terms of stress transfer and stress concentration in regions of probable nucleation of future large earthquakes.
Pathologic polyglutamine aggregation begins with a self-poisoning polymer crystal

A long-standing goal of amyloid research has been to characterize the structural basis of the rate-determining nucleating event. However, the ephemeral nature of nucleation has made this goal unachievable with existing biochemistry, structural biology, and computational approaches. Here, we addressed that limitation for polyglutamine (polyQ), a polypeptide sequence that causes Huntington’s and other amyloid-associated neurodegenerative diseases when its length exceeds a characteristic threshold. To identify essential features of the polyQ amyloid nucleus, we used a direct intracellular reporter of self-association to quantify frequencies of amyloid appearance as a function of concentration, conformational templates, and rational polyQ sequence permutations. We found that nucleation of pathologically expanded polyQ involves segments of three glutamine (Q) residues at every other position. We demonstrate using molecular simulations that this pattern encodes a four-stranded steric zipper with interdigitated Q side chains. Once formed, the zipper poisoned its own growth by engaging naive polypeptides on orthogonal faces, in a fashion characteristic of polymer crystals with intramolecular nuclei. We further show that self-poisoning can be exploited to block amyloid formation, by genetically oligomerizing polyQ prior to nucleation. By uncovering the physical nature of the rate-limiting event for polyQ aggregation in cells, our findings elucidate the molecular etiology of polyQ diseases.
On the ratio of dynamic topography and gravity anomalies in a dynamic Earth

Growing evidence from a variety of geologic indicators points to significant topography maintained convectively by viscous stresses in the mantle. However, while gravity is sensitive to dynamically supported topography, there are only small free‐air gravity anomalies (<30 mGal) associated with Earth's long‐wavelength topography. This has been used to suggest that surface heights computed assuming a complete isostatic equilibrium provide a good approximation to observed topography. Here we show that the apparent paradox is resolved by the well‐established formalism of global, self‐gravitating, viscously stratified Earth models. The models predict a complex relation between dynamic topography, mass, and gravity anomalies that is not summarized by a constant admittance—i.e., ratio of gravity anomalies to surface deflections—as one would infer from analytic flow solutions formulated in a half‐space. Our results suggest that sizable dynamic topography may exist without a corresponding gravity signal.
Salivary cortisol concentration and perceived stress measure in response to acute natural stress: The role of morningness-eveningness preference

ABSTRACT Chronotype reflects the morningness-eveningness preference over a 24-h period. Significant data indicates meaningful differences between evening types (ET) and morning types (MT) in behavior, personality traits, health and well-being. The aim of this study was to investigate cortisol response and subjective perceived stress of MT and ET individuals in response to an acute natural stressor. Twenty six definite MT (mean age 23.4 ± 1.7) and twenty six definite ET (mean age 23.8 ± 1.3) college students were recruited for this study. Participants were instructed to evaluate their perceived subjective stress and to provide saliva samples for cortisol levels at four different time points: Morning of regular school day, morning immediately before a final exam, afternoon of a regular school day and afternoon immediately before a final exam. For general mood assessment, the participants were also asked to fill out the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) questionnaire. The most outstanding finding of this study was the blunting of cortisol increase in response to acute stress in the morning in the ET group: Salivary cortisol was higher before a final exam only in MT but not in ET. However, no differences between the groups were found in the subjective stress measure. In the PANAS scale, ET showed lower positive affect, and a trend towards a higher negative affect. Overall, our results suggest dysregulation of cortisol response in ET individuals, possibly due to their daily struggle to function in a morning-oriented society. These results further highlight the challenges faced by ET individuals and raise the question of possible interventions to assist them.
Towards a transactional medicine approach to combating global emerging pathogens: the case of COVID-19

ABSTRACT When the COVID-19 pandemic struck and China reported the first case to the World Health Organization in December 2019, there was no evidence-based treatment to combat it. With the catastrophic situation that followed, materialised by a considerable number of deaths, researchers, doctors, traditional healers, and governments of all nations committed themselves to find therapeutic solutions, including preventive and curative. There are effective treatments offered both by modern medicine and traditional medicine for COVID-19 today. However, other therapeutic proposals have not been approved due to the lack of effectiveness and scientific rigour during their development process. Proponents of modern medicine prefer biomedical therapies while in some countries, traditional treatments are used regularly because of their availability, affordability and satisfaction they bring to the population. In this paper, we propose a transactional medicine approach where the interaction between traditional and modern medicine produces a change. With this approach, the promoters of traditional medicine and those of modern medicine will be able to acquire knowledge through the experience produced by their encounters. Transactional medicine aims to be a model for decolonising medicine and recognising the value of both traditional and modern medicine in the fight against COVID-19 and other global emerging pathogens.
The Relationship between Exercise Capacity and Muscle Strength, Physical Activity, Fatigue and Quality of Life in Patients with Cancer Cachexia

Abstract Background Exercise capacity is a significant determinant of mortality for cancer patients, so knowing the possible determinants of exercise capacity will produce physical and psychological benefits for individuals with cancer cachexia. Purpose To investigate the relationship between exercise capacity on peripheric and respiratory muscle strength, physical activity, fatigue and quality of life in subjects with cancer cachexia. Methods The study included 31 patients diagnosed with cancer cachexia. Functional capacity was assessed by 6-Minute Walk Test, hand grip strength and proximal muscle mass by hand dynamometer, respiratory muscle strength by the Maximum Expiratory Pressure and Maximum Inspiratory Pressure measurements, physical activity by International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form, fatigue by Brief Fatigue Inventory, and quality of life by EORT-QLQ-C30. The relationship between functional capacity and continuous independent variables was determined using Spearman’s or Pearson’s tests. Results A strong positive correlation was observed between exercise capacity and expiratory muscle strength (r = 0.75, p < 0.001), activity level (r = 0.68, p < 0.001), and quality of life global health status (r = 0.74, p < 0.001). Conversely, a strong negative correlation was found between exercise capacity and fatigue severity (r = −0.64, p < 0.001). Conclusion Higher exercise capacity in cancer cachexia patients is linked to reduced fatigue, improved respiratory muscle strength, increased physical activity levels, and enhanced quality of life. When designing rehabilitation programs or exercise interventions for individuals with cancer cachexia, it is crucial to assess their exercise capacity and tailor the programs accordingly.
Incorporating Near Infrared Light Vein Visualization Technology Into Peripheral Intravenous Access Protocols

Placement of peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) is a frequent occurrence. Yet, PIVCs consistently require multiple attempts for successful cannulation, leading to an increased use of resources and risk of complications. Even though hospitals have established vascular access teams to improve outcomes and increase longevity of PIVCs, not every facility has one, and some struggle to meet demand. In these cases, PIVC placement depends on the confidence and skills of bedside nurses. Difficult access risk identification tools, as well as vein visualization technologies, like near infrared (nIR), have been developed to assist nurses with cannulation. This study sought to explore how hospitals are using vein visualization technology in nurse-driven protocols and to evaluate whether the technology is being meaningfully integrated into venous assessment and PIVC access protocols. In a survey sent to facilities utilizing nIR technology, 48% of respondents incorporated nIR in nurse-driven protocols. Of these respondents, 88% reported improvement in patient satisfaction, 92% saw a reduction in escalations, and 79% reported a reduction in hospital-acquired infections associated with PIVC placement. Integrating vein visualization technology into nurse-driven PIVC placement protocols has the potential to make a positive impact but requires future research to reproduce these findings in clinical studies.
Impact of telemedicine on disease activity assessment: A case-crossover study nested within a cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Introduction The utilisation of telemedicine has been rapidly growing among patients with rheumatic diseases, especially following the corona virus disease 2019 pandemic. Ease and convenience appear to dominate the reasons for this growth. However, the effects of this approach in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are yet to be revealed. In this study, we examined the effect of telemedicine on disease activity assessment and damage scores in patients with SLE. Methods This case-crossover study was nested within a national prospective cohort of patients with SLE in Saudi Arabia. Patients with SLE were included if they fulfilled the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria between March 2020 and March 2021 and were assessed at three time points with 3 months between assessments, according to the standardised protocol of this cohort. Telemedicine was conducted for the first evaluation, while in-person assessments were used at the second and third visits. The primary outcome was the difference in the SLE disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) score. The primary analysis was conducted using the repeated measure model and adjusted for potential confounders, including demographics, medications, and changes in steroid doses. Several sensitivity analyses were conducted to mitigate selection and time-varying confounders. Results A total of 92 participants were included in this study. Most patients were females (88%), with a mean (±standard deviation [SD]) age of 36 (±13) years. The mean (±SD) disease activity scores at baseline were as follows: SLEDAI-2K, 5 (±5); SLE responder index, 3.8 (±3.5); Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology damage index, 1 (±1). The mean difference in SLEDAI-2K score was −1.641 (95% confidence interval −2.773 to −0.510, p = 0.005*) between telemedicine and follow-up visits. The results were consistent in all sensitivity analyses. Conclusion We found that telemedicine assessment was associated with a much higher disease activity score than subsequent assessments, which may suggest an overestimation of disease activity and later assessment accuracy. Cautious adoption has been suggested for SLE patients with active disease.
Meanders, eddies and intrusions in the thermohaline front off northwest africa

La limite de l'Eau Centrale a ete etudiee au large des cotes de l'Afrique nord-occidentale au cours de deux campagnes qui se sont deroulees au debut et a la fin d'octobre 1981 a avril 1982, tandis que les courants etaient enregistres en continu sur trois mouillages. La limite de la masse d'eau est apparue sous la forme d'un front thermohalin tres contraste de 10 km de large avec des ecarts atteignant 3°C en temperature et une unite pratique en salinite, mais avec un contraste peu marque en densite. L'observation des courants moyens au cours de toute la periode a revele que la limite est associee a une confluence moyenne le long de la cote vers 22°N ou le courant des Canaries s'ecarte de la cote. Le front formait des meandres a une echelle de 200 km, tout en presentant des meandres et des tourbillons de plus faible extension, de l'ordre de 20 km. Au debut de la periode d'observation, un petit tourbillon anticyclonique a derive a travers la zone des mouillages et a ete suivi par le passage du front hydrologique. Aucune circulation convergente locale relative a ce front n'a pu etre detectee. Un important processus d'interpenetration de diverses masses d'eau a ete trouve dans la region a proximite du front. En general, l'intrusion etait correlee horizontalement sur des distances inferieures a 30 km, mais des couches individualisees ont ete reperees jusqu'a 80 km. Les flux traversant le front par processus d'interpenetration etaient comparables aux flux estimes dans d'autres zones frontales, mais inferieures aux estimations du flux turbulent. Une intrusion majeure a ete trouvee avec des proprietes semblables a celles propres a des intrusions produites par des flux de double diffusion. Sans nier l'importance de ces processus, nous avons ete conduit a la conclusion que la couche d'intrusion devait provenir d'une instabilite du front. La separation de ces grandes intrusions, du front, po