Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of selected field and laboratory measures of body composition

The purpose of this study was to compare body fat percentage (BF%) and fat-free mass (FFM) values calculated from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) equations (previously developed from a range of laboratory techniques), to values determined from the fourcompartment (4C) model. Eighty-two adults (42 men and 40 women) volunteered to participate (age = 23 ± 5 years). BF% and FFM were estimated from previously developed BIA equations by Chumlea et al. (BIACH), Deurenberg et al. (BIADE), Kyle et al. (BIAKYLE), and Sun et al. (BIASUN). Criterion BF% and FFM were calculated with the 4C model. The standard error of estimate (SEE) for group BF% and FFM ranged from 3.0-3.8% and 2.1-2.7kg, respectively. The constant error (CE) was significantly higher and lower for BF% and FFM (p<0.001), respectively for three BIA equations (BIACH, CE = 3.1% and -2.2kg; BIADE, CE = 3.7% and 2.9kg; BIAKYLE, CE = 2.3% and -1.9kg), but was non-significant for BF% (p=0.702) and FFM (p=0.677) for BIASUN (CE = -0.1% and 0.1kg). The 95% limits of agreement were narrowest for BIACH (±5.9%; ±4.2kg) and largest for BIADE (±7.4%; ±6.2kg). The significant CE yielded by BIACH, BIADE, and BIAKYLE indicates that these equations tend to over-predict group BF% and under-estimate group FFM. However, all BIA equations produced low SEEs and fairly narrow limits of agreement. When the use of a 4C model is not available, practitioners might consider
Theoretical Energy and Exergy Analyses of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

This study studied the energy and exergy of direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) through computer-assisted simulations. This was achieved through the development of mathematical models that represented the performance of a DMFC followed by simulations with a developed model using MATLAB. It was discovered that the simulated results conformed to the literature values with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 and standard deviation of 0.12. Simulations conducted with the developed model regarding the influence of operating parameters on the performance of the fuel cell indicated that maximum cell output voltage was obtained at a methanol concentration of 2 M. The results also showed that increases in temperature and operating pressure influenced the performance of the fuel cell. From the simulation results, it was seen that the maximum attainable energy efficiency of 95% was obtained at an operating temperature of 353 K, anode pressure of 1 atm, cathode pressure of 15 atm, and methanol concentration of 2 M, while the maximum exergy efficiency of 42% was obtained at the same parameters. It can therefore be inferred from the simulated results that improved performance, energy, and exergy efficiencies of a DMFC can be obtained by operating at controlled methanol concentrations and at temperatures that do not favour methanol cross-over or activation and concentration losses. Operating at a cathode pressure that is higher than the anode pressure can also enhance the performance of a fuel cell. Simulated results showed that cell performance depended on operating conditions; however, care must be taken in actual use, as high operating pressure will affect the safety and cost of operation of the cell because auxiliary equipment will be required to operate the cell at higher pressure.
A Comparison of Techniques Used in Performing the Men’s Compulsory Gymnastic Vault at the 1988 Olympics

It was hypothesized that the techniques employed by two groups of male gymnasts in performing the handspring and salto forward tucked vault at the 1988 Olympics were not significantly different. The 11 highest scored vaults (Gl) of the 51 subjects filmed during the competition were compared with the 11 lowest scored vaults (G2). The G1 had (a) significantly greater horizontal velocity of hurdle and preflight and (b) significantly greater vertical reaction forces exerted on them by the horse, which in turn produced a significantly greater change of vertical velocity while on horse. Consequently, the better gymnasts departed from the horse with significantly greater vertical velocity, which resulted in significantly greater height, larger distance, and longer time of postflight than the gymnasts in G2. The better gymnasts had the instant of the tightest tuck position while significantly nearer the instant of peak postflight than the G2 gymnasts, which caused the height of CG at the tightest tuck position to.
The Design of Dynamic Probabilistic Caching with Time-Varying The Design of Dynamic Probabilistic Caching with Time-Varying Content Popularity Content Popularity

: In this paper, we design dynamic probabilistic caching for the scenario when the instantaneous content popularity may vary with time while it is possible to predict the average content popularity over a time window. Based on the average content popularity, optimal content caching probabilities can be found, e.g., from solving optimization problems, and existing results in the literature can implement the optimal caching probabilities via static content placement. The objective of this work is to design dynamic probabilistic caching that: i) converge (in distribution) to the optimal content caching probabilities under time-invariant content popularity, and ii) adapt to the time-varying instantaneous content popularity under time-varying content popularity. Achieving the above objective requires a novel design of dynamic content replacement because static caching cannot adapt to varying content popularity while classic dynamic replacement policies, such as LRU, cannot converge to target caching probabilities (as they do not exploit any content popularity information). We model the design of dynamic probabilistic replacement policy as the problem of finding the state transition probability matrix of a Markov chain and propose a method to generate and refine the transition probability matrix. Extensive numerical results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed design. replacement, we have designed two algorithms to generate and refine the transition probability matrix so that the Markov chain has a unique steady state which achieves the target content placement. Our study has demonstrated that the proposed dynamic probabilistic caching can be applied on top of the existing results on finding the optimal caching probabilities to improve the cache hit ratio under time-varying content popularity while the optimal caching probabilities can be used as the target content caching probabilities. When combined with content popularity prediction, the proposed design can provide a competitive approach for dynamic caching under time-varying content popularity.
Value Proposition Design for Systems and Services by Adapting Affordance-Based Design

In early design stages, firms need to generate and assess their value propositions. Although both business developers and systems engineers capture customers’ needs to design the value proposition, they suffer from inefficient business and engineering processes interactions. Moreover, they lack methods to elicit the needs in a structured way and to explore the best value propositions. We propose to extend the affordance-based design for systems and services in order support the elicitation and capture of stakeholders’values; and to identify boundaries of the system design problem to explore the best value propositions. Hence, affordances — which describe what system provides to other systems and stakeholders — help to frame the context. Today, affordance-based design is mainly used for artifact design. We propose to extend this approach to systems and services and complement it with a focus on stakeholders’ activities and external systems’ stages. With regard to the different system design perimeters defined by affordances, value propositions are designed. The proposed method is illustrated on an AIRBUS Defence & Space innovative project.
Osimertinib and chemotherapy combination to treat brain metastasis flare and osimertinib resistance by EGFR C797S

Abstract Chemotherapy or involvement in a clinical trial remain the standard treatment for patients with EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer who have disease progression while receiving Osimertinib. Rapid progression, also known as flare-phenomenon, has been described after discontinuation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In this case, we describe a young woman who has extracranial progressive disease due to EGFR C797S resistance mutation while being treated with osimertinib, with a rapid neurological deterioration after osimertinib withdrawal due to flare-phenomenon progression in the brain, and a prompt intracranial response with osimertinib reintroduction in addition to chemotherapy to achieve extracranial diseases control.
Effect of Banana (Musa sp.) Peels Extract in Nanoemulsion Dosage Forms for the Improvement of Memory: In Vitro & In Vivo Studies

Background Banana (Musa sp.) is a plant rich in phytochemical compounds, especially antioxidants, which are hypothesized to inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme associated with Alzheimer's Disease. Objective This research aimed to study nanoemulsion preparations of Kepok banana (KEP-NE) and Tanduk banana (TAN-NE) peel extracts for their activities as antioxidants, acetylcholinesterase as well as tyrosinase inhibitors, and as agents to improve short-term memory. Methods Nanoemulsion was prepared using a combination of high shear homogenization and ultrasonication. The antioxidant activity test was carried out using DPPH and ABTS methods. Meanwhile, memory improvement was studied in a mouse model with memory impairment induced by alloxan (120 mg/kg b.w) using the Y-maze apparatus. ELISA performed determination of acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibition. Results Characterization of the nanoemulsion was performed to include particle size, antioxidant activity, acetylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase inhibition. The particle size and polydispersity index (PI) of KEP-NE and TAN-NE were 84.2 nm (PI: 0.280) and 94.1 nm (PI: 0.282), respectively. The antioxidant activity of DPPH showed that the respective IC50 values of KEP-NE and TAN-NE were 0.64 µg/mL and 1.97 µg/mL. At the same time, the values with the ABTS method were 1.10 µg/mL and 1.72 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 of KEP-NE on acetylcholinesterase inhibition was 108.80 µg/mL, and that on tyrosinase inhibition was 251.47 µg/mL. The study of short-term memory in the Y-maze revealed that the groups Kepok peel extracts 100 and 300 mg/kg b.w and KEP-NE 100 and 300 mg/kg b.w significantly (P < 0.05) improved short-term memory. Conclusion This study suggests that the nanoemulsion dosage form of Kepok banana peel extract has antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition and tyrosinase inhibition activities and could potentially be an adjunct alternative treatment for memory disorders. Modifying the smaller drug particle size contributes to the delivery system. The nanoemulsion can increase pharmacological activity.
Transverse relaxation in fixed tissue: Influence of temperature and resolution on image contrast in magnetic resonance microscopy

To describe transverse relaxation of water in fixed tissue, we propose a model of transverse relaxation accelerated by diffusion and exchange (TRADE) that assumes exchange between free (visible) and bound (invisible) water, which relax by the dipole–dipole interaction, chemical exchange, and translation in the field gradient. Depending on the prevailing mechanism, transverse relaxation time (T2) of water in fixed tissue could increase (when dipole–dipole interaction prevails) or decrease with temperature (when diffusion in the field gradient prevails). Chemical exchange can make T2 even temperature independent. Also, variation of resolution from 100 to 15 μm/pxl (or less) affects effective transverse relaxation. T2 steadily decreases with increased resolution ( T2∝∆x2 , ∆x is the read direction resolution). TRADE can describe all of these observations (semi)quantitatively. The model has been experimentally verified on water phantoms and on formalin‐fixed zebrafish, mouse brain, and rabbit larynx tissues. TRADE could help predict optimal scanning parameters for high‐resolution MRM from much faster measurements at lower resolution.
Time after time: detecting annual patterns in stream bacterial biofilm communities

Summary To quantify the major environmental drivers of stream bacterial population dynamics, we modelled temporal differences in stream bacterial communities to quantify community shifts, including those relating to cyclical seasonal variation and more sporadic bloom events. We applied Illumina MiSeq 16S rRNA bacterial gene sequencing of 892 stream biofilm samples, collected monthly for 36‐months from six streams. The streams were located a maximum of 118 km apart and drained three different catchment types (forest, urban and rural land uses). We identified repeatable seasonal patterns among bacterial taxa, allowing their separation into three ecological groupings, those following linear, bloom/trough and repeated, seasonal trends. Various physicochemical parameters (light, water and air temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, nutrients) were linked to temporal community changes. Our models indicate that bloom events and seasonal episodes modify biofilm bacterial populations, suggesting that distinct microbial taxa thrive during these events including non‐cyanobacterial community members. These models could aid in determining how temporal environmental changes affect community assembly and guide the selection of appropriate statistical models to capture future community responses to environmental change.
Into the darkness: the ecologies of novel ‘microbial dark matter’ phyla in an Antarctic lake

Summary Uncultivated microbial clades (‘microbial dark matter’) are inferred to play important but uncharacterized roles in nutrient cycling. Using Antarctic lake (Ace Lake, Vestfold Hills) metagenomes, 12 metagenome‐assembled genomes (MAGs; 88%–100% complete) were generated for four ‘dark matter’ phyla: six MAGs from Candidatus Auribacterota (=Aureabacteria, SURF‐CP‐2), inferred to be hydrogen‐ and sulfide‐producing fermentative heterotrophs, with individual MAGs encoding bacterial microcompartments (BMCs), gas vesicles, and type IV pili; one MAG (100% complete) from Candidatus Hinthialibacterota (=OLB16), inferred to be a facultative anaerobe capable of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia, specialized for mineralization of complex organic matter (e.g. sulfated polysaccharides), and encoding BMCs, flagella, and Tad pili; three MAGs from Candidatus Electryoneota (=AABM5‐125‐24), previously reported to include facultative anaerobes capable of dissimilatory sulfate reduction, and here inferred to perform sulfite oxidation, reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle for autotrophy, and possess numerous proteolytic enzymes; two MAGs from Candidatus Lernaellota (=FEN‐1099), inferred to be capable of formate oxidation, amino acid fermentation, and possess numerous enzymes for protein and polysaccharide degradation. The presence of 16S rRNA gene sequences in public metagenome datasets (88%–100% identity) suggests these ‘dark matter’ phyla contribute to sulfur cycling, degradation of complex organic matter, ammonification and/or chemolithoautotrophic CO2 fixation in diverse global environments.
A review of MEG dynamic brain network research

The dynamic description of neural networks has attracted the attention of researchers for dynamic networks may carry more information compared with resting-state networks. As a non-invasive electrophysiological data with high temporal and spatial resolution, magnetoencephalogram (MEG) can provide rich information for the analysis of dynamic functional brain networks. In this review, the development of MEG brain network was summarized. Several analysis methods such as sliding window, Hidden Markov model, and time-frequency based methods used in MEG dynamic brain network studies were discussed. Finally, the current research about multi-modal brain network analysis and their applications with MEG neurophysiology, which are prospected to be one of the research directions in the future, were concluded.
Safety climate as a multi-level and dynamic concept: exploring the variance at different levels over time

Safety climate was measured longitudinally at a large-scale harbour expansion construction project. The project was commissioned by a single client and undertaken simultaneously by several principal contractors. Two waves of surveys measured participants' perceptions of safety at different levels, i.e. the client's safety response (CSR), the principal contractors' safety response (PCSR), and the supervisors' safety response (SSR). The results demonstrated significant between-site variance in workers' perceptions of PCSR and SSR in early project stage. However, at the later stage, the between-site variance was significant at all three levels. In contrast, the between-site variance in managerial/professional/supervisory personnel's perceptions of CSR and PCSR was significant both at the early and later stages. In this project, individual contractors implemented company-specific safety policies and procedures to meet the client's requirements. Moreover, supervisors locally implemented safety procedures using discrepant interpretations and context-specific action directives. Consequently, between-site variance was observed in PCSR and SSR. Due to the limited direct interactions with the client, workers may gradually form their perceptions of CSR through making sense of the project environment and interpreting safety messages conveyed by contractors and supervisors, causing between-site variance in CSR at later stages. The research provides preliminary evidence as to the impact of the characteristics of construction project organizational structures on shaping workers' perceptions about safety at various levels.
Extracellular 20S proteasome secreted via microvesicles can degrade poorly folded proteins and inhibit Galectin‐3 agglutination activity

Proteasomes are major non‐lysosomal proteolytic complexes localized in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Strikingly, high levels of extracellular proteasome have also been evidenced in the plasma (p‐proteasome) of patients with specific diseases. Here, we examined the process by which proteasomes are secreted, as well as their structural and functional features once in the extracellular space. We demonstrate that assembled 20S core particles are secreted by cells within microvesicles budding from the plasma membrane. Part of the extracellular proteasome pool is also free of membranes in the supernatant of cultured cells, and likely originates from microvesicles leakage. We further demonstrate that this free proteasome released by cells (cc‐proteasome for cell culture proteasome) possesses latent proteolytic activity and can degrade various extracellular proteins. Both standard (no immune‐subunits) and intermediate (containing some immune‐subunits) forms of 20S are observed. Moreover, we show that galectin‐3, which displays a highly disordered N‐terminal region, is efficiently cleaved by purified cc‐proteasome, without SDS activation, likely after its binding to PSMA3 (α7) subunit through its intrinsically disordered region. As a consequence, galectin‐3 is unable to induce red blood cells agglutination when preincubated with cc‐proteasome. These results highlight potential novel physio‐ and pathologic functions for the extracellular proteasome.
Comfort with Pharmacogenetic Testing Amongst Pediatric Oncology Providers and Their Patients

Background: Pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing, a component of personalized medicine, aims to ensure treatment efficacy while reducing side effects and symptoms. Before this testing becomes routine in the pediatric oncology population, nurses need to understand the knowledge and concerns of providers, patients, and family members with regard to the timing, extent, interpretation, and incorporation of PGx testing. Methods: As part of a comprehensive PGx study (larger study) for children diagnosed with cancer, we surveyed providers and caregivers of children with cancer about their knowledge of and comfort with PGx testing. Caregivers who declined to participate in the larger PGx study were also asked to participate in the survey. Chi-square tests and a two-sample t-test were used to compare variables. Results: One hundred and two participants from the larger PGx study and 12 families who refused (response rate of 77% and 54%, respectively) as well as 29 providers (88%) completed surveys. Families not on the study were less interested in and comfortable with PGx results. Both groups were concerned about health or life insurance discrimination and payment. Providers would like support in ordering PGx testing and interpreting PGx. Discussion: Providers remain wary of most PGx testing, uncomfortable with interpreting and applying the results. Families are interested in the possibilities of personalized prescribing while worried about who has access to their child's genetic information. Further education on relevant tests for providers, including nurses, and the testing process for families, including details on privacy and sharing of genetic information, appear necessary.
Palliative Sedation at Home: A Scoping Review

Palliative Sedation (PS) is an effective measure for the relief of refractory symptoms in end-of-life patients. This intervention can be performed at home, respecting the patients' and their families' decisions. A scoping review was performed to map the available evidence in the literature on the performance of PS at home. This review included 23 studies. Most were conducted in European countries with adult cancer patients. Patients, family members and healthcare providers participated in the decision making regarding the use of PS at home. PS was used primarily to manage refractory symptoms (pain, delirium, dyspnea, and others), and in 1 of the studies PS was mentioned as a possible intervention for shortening life. The most commonly used medication was midazolam and the average duration ranged from 4 h to 7 days. There are few reports on adverse events related to PS. This intervention seems to be a feasible possibility for the management of refractory symptoms in patients at the end of life, despite the fact that it can represent specific challenges for healthcare providers, patients and families. However, the literature is limited regarding PS in children and in people with diseases other than cancer, as well as on the evaluation of possible adverse effects related to this intervention. Furthermore, it is essential to have a broad ethical, clinical and legal debate on whether to consider the use of PS for the purpose of shortening life in specific cases.