Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geological characteristics and associated magmatic ages of the Xiekeng skarn-type Cu-Au deposit in the West Qinling terrane

The Xiekeng skarn-type Cu-Au deposit is located in the western part of the West Qinling terrane. The Lower Permian Daguanshan Group and Lower Triassic Longwuhe Group crop out within and around of this deposit. Tectonic and magmatic activities are very abundant regionally. Petrological results indicate that the Gangcha complex in the Xiekeng deposit mainly consists of intermediate-basic igneous rocks of gabbroic diorite and gabbro. The Cu-Au and Fe mineralization is hosted in the contact zone between Gangcha complex and Permian lenticular limestones. Massive, veinlike and disseminated textures are primary type of this deposit. Magnetite and pyrrhotine ore is mainly massive, but chalcopyrite ore is either veinlike or disseminated. Gold mineralization commonly occurs within the carbonate-quartz veins. The distinctive altered zone is marked on the outcrops, which varies from potassic alteration, prophyllitization to skarnization toward marble spatially. The skarn alteration, which occurs at the contact zone between gabbroic diorite and limestone, is closely related to mineraliztion. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of gabbro-diorite and amphibole-andesite yields concordant ages of 243.8±1.0Ma and 242.1±1.2Ma respectively, which indicates that the Xiekeng skarn-type deposit should be formed in the mid-Triassic. Our results indicate the Xiekeng deposit should be formed in the process of the Triassic arc-magmatism in the West Qinling terrane.
Outbreaks associated with unpasteurized milk and soft cheese: an overview of consumer safety.

TAYGAN YILMAZ,1* BYRON MOYER,2 REBECCA E. MACDONELL,3 MIGUEL CORDERO-COMA4 and MICHEáL J. GALLAGHER5 1The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, 30 Lafayette St., 1st Floor, HB 7252, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766, USA; 2Vermont Agency of Agriculture, Food, and Markets, Dairy Section Chief, 116 State St., Montpelier, Vermont 05620, USA; 3Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA; 4Hospital de León, c/ Altos de Nava, s/n, 24701 León, Spain; and 5The Hermitage Medical Clinic, Old Lucan Road, Dublin, Ireland Food Protection Trends, Vol. 29, No. 4, Pages 211–222 Copyright© 2009, International Association for Food protection 6200 Aurora Ave., Suite 200W, Des Moines, IA 50322-2864
An Analytical Model of the Response of the Meridional Overturning Circulation to Changes in Wind and Buoyancy Forcing

AbstractAn analytical model of the full-depth ocean stratification and meridional overturning circulation for an idealized Atlantic basin with a circumpolar channel is presented. The model explicitly describes the ocean response to both Southern Ocean winds and the global pattern and strength of prescribed surface buoyancy fluxes. The construction of three layers, defined by the two isopycnals of overturning extrema, allows the description of circulation and stratification in both the upper and abyssal ocean. The system is fully solved in the adiabatic limit to yield scales for the surface layer thickness, buoyancies of each layer, and overturning magnitudes. The analytical model also allows scaling of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) transport. The veracity of the three-layer framework and derived scales is confirmed by applying the analytical model to an idealized geometry, eddy-permitting ocean general circulation model.Consistent with previous results, the abyssal overturning is found to scale .
Featured Collection Introduction: Agricultural Hydrology and Water Quality

Understanding the interrelationship between modern agriculture and water resources represents a critical research need in agricultural hydrology and water quality. Agriculture occupies over 38% of Earth’s land surface (FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics Division. Accessed April 2015, http://faostat3.fao.org/ home/E) and is essential to maintaining adequate food security for human society (Godfray et al., 2010). Nevertheless, decades of research have demonstrated how agriculture’s expansive global footprint influences the flow, distribution, and quality of water. For instance, agriculture exerts appreciable influence on the hydrologic cycle, consuming about 70% of the world’s freshwater for irrigation (Rosegrant et al., 2009) and greatly altering evapotranspiration patterns through deforestation and changes in vegetation (Gordon et al., 2005). Globally, 93% of cropland is under some form of tillage (Huggins and Reganold, 2008) and 14% is artificially drained (Smedema et al., 2004), each of which greatly transforms the hydrology and geomorphology of terrestrial and aquatic systems. Likewise, the intensification of crop and livestock production in many areas of the world has led to excessive nutrient losses in watershed runoff, exacerbating the eutrophication of inland and coastal waters (Withers et al., 2014). In addition to the widely recognized effects of agriculture on water resources, new and emerging challenges will likely rise to the fore this century. First and foremost is the projection that global population may reach 9.6 billion by 2050, an increase of 33% from 2015 levels. This raises the dual challenge of increasing food production on existing agricultural lands while simultaneously reducing agriculture’s environmental impact (Foley et al., 2011). Achieving these food and water security goals will be further tested by shifting rainfall patterns, extreme storms, and droughts brought on by rapidly changing patterns in climate and weather (IPCC, 2014). In addition to planning for a sustainable future, agriculture is also dealing with the consequences of historical management that have left behind a legacy of soil and water pollution, including excess nitrogen stored in groundwater (Howden et al., 2011), accumulated phosphorus in soils and riverine sediments (Sharpley et al., 2013), as well as other chemical and microbial
A dynamic programming approach to model the retirement behaviour of blue-collar workers in Sweden

This paper presents an empirical analysis of how Sweden's public old age pension system affects the retirement decision. We focus on male blue-collar workers whose dominant income source as retired comes from the public old age pension system. We develop a dynamic programming model using the rules for the public pension system. In addition to the effects of economic incentives through the pension systems the DP model also measures the effect of the mandatory retirement age of 65-which applies to most parts of Sweden's labour market-on retirement behaviour. The estimated model fits within-sample retirement patterns remarkably well. A simulation of a hypothetical reform, where all retirement incentives in the pension schemes are delayed by three years, shows that economic incentives affect retirement behaviour. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO SISTEMA DE PRODUÇÃO CAPRINO E OVINO NA REGIÃO SEMI-ÁRIDA DO ESTADO DA PARAÍBA. BRASIL

Objetivou-se caracterizar o sistema de producao caprino e ovino na regiao semi-arida do estado da Paraiba, quanto ao seu funcionamento e abrangencia. Foram utilizadas informacoes de 152 entrevistas realizadas em dez municipios do Cariri Paraibano. Os dados obtidos foram agrupados, por meio de analise multivariada (cluster), em cinco grupos de produtores. A area das propriedades variou de 4 a 1452 ha. Cerca de 94 a 98% do uso da terra destinava-se a pecuaria. Os rebanhos caprinos e ovinos eram predominantemente produzidos em regime extensivo com o uso da vegetacao nativa (caatinga) como base para a alimentacao, sendo praticada por 92 a 100% dos produtores. Nao se observou um procedimento definido de manejo alimentar para os animais no periodo de seca. O sistema de producao animal praticado nos cinco grupos baseava-se em diversas combinacoes entre caprinos, ovinos e bovinos, com destaque para exploracao de caprinos e bovinos destinados a producao de leite, e ovinos para a producao de carne.
Reduced order modeling in FDTD with provable stability beyond the CFL limit

The Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method is widely used in signal and power integrity, applied electromagnetism, and physics. Unfortunately, its computational efficiency can be severely degraded for multiscale problems, where small and large features coexist. This scenario is common in signal and power integrity, because of the large aspect ratio of interconnects and power/ground planes. In this paper, we show how multiscale FDTD simulations can be accelerated with model order reduction. A detailed model for complex objects is first generated using a fine FDTD grid. The model is then compressed with model order reduction, and embedded into a main coarse grid. During this process, the stability limit of the reduced model can be also extended, enabling the use of a larger time step in the whole domain. Using a passivity argument, we are able to systematically guarantee the stability of the resulting scheme, which is a main novelty with respect to previous works. A numerical example with two reduced models shows the potential of the proposed ideas.
School to where? A literature review on economic outcomes of youth with Disabilities

This paper summarizes the recent empirical literature on post-secondary school outcomes of youth with disabilities. Our summary illustrates the variation in characteristics and outcomes that exist in several subpopulations generally defined as youth with disabilities. Unfortunately, a major limitation of this literature, particularly for special education students and SSI recipients, is a lack of information on recent outcomes. Specifically, there were no major data collection efforts, at least at the national level, to track these populations in the mid to late nineties. While upcoming data sources, such as the National Longitudinal Transition Survey2 (NLTS2) and National Survey of Children and Families (NSCF), should fill major gaps in existing knowledge, other data initiatives are necessary to ensure that policy makers continuously have current information.
A ROBUST CONTROL THEORETIC APPROACH TO FLOW CONTROLLER DESIGNS FOR CONGESTION CONTROL IN COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

In this dissertation a control theoretic approach is taken to design and analyze various flow controllers for congestion control in communication networks. First, a robust controller is designed for explicit-rate congestion control in single-bottleneck network. The controller guarantees stability robustness with respect to uncertain time-varying multiple time-delays in different channels, brings the queue length of the bottleneck node to a desired value asymptotically and satisfies a weighted fairness condition. The use of the outgoing link capacity is further investigated to improve performance. Also, some variations on a linear model of Active Queue Management supporting Transmission Control Protocol flows are used to design a robust AQM controller, and to analyse the performance and stability of Multi-Level ECN and Traffic-load based AQM schemes.
Bioassay- guided Isolation of New Urease Inhibitory Constituents from Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) Fruit and Their Molecular Docking Studies

The aim of the study is to explore the inhibitory potential of extract/fractions, and compounds of Monotheca buxifolia fruit against urease enzyme. Crude hydro-ethanolic extract showed a mild inhibitory activity against urease, among fractions ethylacetate fraction was more active followed by n-butanol fraction while there was no inhibitory activity in n-hexane soluble fraction. Ethylacetate fraction was subjected to activity guided isolation yielding four pure compounds, among them two were new i.e. buxifoline-A (1) (First time isolated from natural sources) and buxilide (2) while the other two were first time isolated from the fruit that are isoquercetin (3) and oleanolic acid (4). Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. Among the isolated compounds compound 3 showed maximum inhibition. In order to understand the binding interactions of the compound 3, it was docked into the active site of urease enzyme. Our study validates the traditional use of the fruit in the treatment of gastritis and urinary tract infections, which is strongly supported by the isolated compound isoquercetin (3).
Three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamic experiments over a complex dune topography

ABSTRACT Wakes, S. , 2013. Three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamic experiments over complex dune topography In: Conley, D.C., Masselink, G. , Russell, P.E. and O'Hare, T.J. (eds.) For modeling coastal dune systems the topography is often complex with complicating factors such as dune vegetation, sediment transport and the sand properties. Strategies such as simplifying the geometry and vegetation and no sediment transportation have been applied and provided insight into mechanisms of flow over the coastal dunes at Mason Bay, Stewart Island, New Zealand. Simulations building on the complexity of this modeling process are undertaken with a targeted mesh. Included was surface roughness signifying areas of vegetation but no Aeolian sediment transportation. Comparing preliminary results against the existing two and three-dimensional simulations and field data shows that although the strategy of splitting the domain in order to achieve three-dimensional results originally is workable simulating the whole domain is ideal. Grid adaption allows targeting of mesh in areas of most interest, mostly close to the dune surface and within the first 10m above the surface but needs to be done with care. There were distinct differences in wind velocity profile when comparing the results. It is also showed that the model choice has significance for turbulence parameters, with possible implications for sediment transportation, particularly at lower heights. In spite of the complex topography, the flow is strongly two-dimensional in some parts of the domain whilst strongly three dimensional in other areas. Therefore each level of simulation has a role in understanding the underlying flow mechanisms involved and what insight to the flow is required. Understanding gained from the previous work was invaluable in the extension to full three-dimensional simulations.
F region electron temperature signatures of the plasmapause based on Dynamics Explorer 1 and 2 measurements

Early satellite measurements in the F region found a peak in electron temperature, Te, at night on L shells that thread the expected location of the equatorial plasmapause. This Te enhancement has been attributed to heating by magnetospheric sources. The Te peak typically occurs near 60° invariant latitude, moves equatorward during magnetically active periods, and recovers during quieter times in a fashion similar to observed plasmapause behavior. Recent Dynamics Explorer 1 and 2 measurements near 2100 LT have shown that the Te peak in that sector occurs on L shells that are either within the gradient of the plasmapause or just equatorward of that location. Dayside Te signatures in the F region near 60° invariant latitude also have been reported, but these are observed primarily above 600 km, and their relationship to day side plasmaspheric features, if any, has been unknown. In this paper we employ a more extensive set of DE-1 and -2 measurements to examine this relationship at all local times. Statistically, the diurnal variation of the F region Te signature and the plasmapause at altitudes of the order of 104 km are essentially identical between 2200 and 1300 LT, but they diverge in the afternoon sector. The quiet time Te signature remains in the vicinity of 60° at all local times, while the plasmapause itself bulges to about 70° at 1500 LT. Simultaneous DE-1 observations, however, show that the plasmasphere in the bulge region often exhibits an internal feature in the vicinity of 60°, which takes the form of a sharp gradient in H+. In each case examined in detail this gradient marked the L coordinate of an F region Te ledge which has higher temperatures on the equatorward side. Te signatures are not usually seen at the plasmapause itself which is at higher latitudes in this local time sector. The light ion gradient seems to represent a sharp boundary between an old plasmasphere and a new plasmasphere that has been created too recently for refilling to have washed out the sharp boundary between them. This boundary has sometimes been called the inner plasmapause. The latitudinal movement of the Te signature with magnetic activity is similar at all local times but is more sensitive to kp above L = 4 and less sensitive below L = 4. The Te signatures are seldom observed below L = 2.5. These characteristics of the Te signature are qualitatively consistent with plasmasphere depletion and refilling time constants. The Te enhancements at all local times appear to have their quiet time source in the photoelectron energy that is stored in the thermal plasmaspheric electrons. During magnetic substorms an additional magnetospheric heat source enhances the Te signatures, perhaps a result of penetration of the ring current into the plasmasphere.
Assessment of socioeconomic burden of hemodialysis on ESRD patients in suez canal cities & ELArish

In the past decade, kidney disease diagnosed with objective measures of kidney damage and function has been recognised as a major public health burden. The population prevalence of chronic kidney disease exceeds 10%, and is more than 50% in high-risk subpopulations. Independent of age, sex, ethnic group, and co-morbidity, strong, graded, and consistent associations exist between clinical prognosis and two hallmarks of chronic kidney disease: reduced glomerular filtration rate and increased urinary albumin excretion.
Multi-holes configurations of woven fabric kenaf composite plates: experimental works and 2-D modelling

A study on structures response in multi-holes plates is important to understand the effect of neighbouring hole on stress concentration as subjected to tensile loading prior to bearing failure in multi-bolted joints. Current work implemented experimental framework on staggered and non-staggered multi-holes configurations to include various lay-up types, plate thickness and hole configurations as specified in the testing series. Experimental observations found that all configurations failed in net-section path suggesting that fracture initiates and propagates from the notch tip perpendicular to loading direction in self-similar fashion through the plate thickness. Non-staggered hole configurations demonstrated peak load compared to staggered counterparts due to more congested holes in staggered configurations. Two-dimensional Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) modelling framework was carried out in all configurations investigated by sufficient meshing refinements, damage stabilization value and boundary conditions. XFEM was extended from classical finite element expression which has enriched function to enable the crack be tracked visually. A physically-based constitutive model from traction-separation relationship was applied and independently measured material properties and in-plane elastic properties were implemented in current work. Strength prediction results showed that good agreement was found in all testing series and showed discrepancies of less than 15%, the best prediction in combination of PX4 lay-ups and staggered multi-holes configurations series.
Fish fauna of Pratagi River coastal microbasin, extreme north Atlantic Forest, Rio Grande do Norte state, northeastern Brazil

The purpose of this study was to inventory the ichthyofauna of the coastal Pratagi River basin, located on the east coast of the state, region with intense tourist activities. A total of 2,181 specimens were collected, from August 2011 to August 2013, using sieves, trawls, cast nets, traps and gillnets. Additionally, two species ( Centropomus sp. and Lutjanus alexandrei ) have only been recorded through underwater observations, summing 22 species and genera, 18 families and nine orders. Along the Pratagi drainage some human impacts were identified, mainly related to tourist activities, such as removal of riparian vegetation and sedimentation caused by the passage of vehicles on dunes. Species richness was lower near the most visited places and greater in the lower portion of the basin, due to the presence of estuarine and marine species. Apparently, a set of small waterfalls act as a barrier to some fish species, both upstream and downstream.
Discussion Papers in Economics Implementation in Multidimensional Dichotomous Domains

We consider deterministic dominant strategy implementation in multidimensional dichotomous domains in private values and quasi-linear utility setting. In such multidimensional domains, an agent’s type is characterized by a single number, the value of the agent, and a non-empty subset of acceptable alternatives. Each acceptable alternative gives the agent utility equal to his value and other alternatives give him zero utility. We show that generation monotonicity is necessary and sufficient for implementability in any dichotomous domain. If such a domain satisfies a richness condition, then a weaker version of generation monotonicity, which we call 2-generation monotonicity (equivalent to 3-cycle monotonicity), is necessary and sufficient for implementation. We use this result to derive the optimal mechanism in a one-sided matching problem with agents having dichotomous types. JEL Classification Codes: C78, C79, D02, D44.
Unit selection based speech synthesis for poor channel condition

Synthesized speech can be largely degraded in noise, resulting in compromised speech quality. In this paper, we propose a unit selection based speech synthesis system for better speech quality under poor channel conditions. First, the measurement of speech intelligibility is incorporated in the cost function as a searching criterion for unit selection. Next, the prosody of the selected units is modified according to the Lombard effect. Prosody modification includes increasing the amplitude of unvoiced phoneme and enlarging the speech duration. Finally, the FIR equalization via convex optimization is applied to reduce signal distortion due to the channel effect. Listening test in our experiments shows that the quality level of synthetic speech can be improved under poor channel conditions with the help of our proposed synthesis system.
Internationalization, market forces and domestic sectoral institutionalization

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of micro‐environmental international entrepreneurship and the macro‐environmental market forces on domestic institutionalization of the industrial sector. In doing so, the paper examines the moderating effect of the degree of internationalization on the relationship between domestic market forces and domestic sectoral institutionalization.Design/methodology/approach – Based upon the creation of the item pools “domestic sectoral institutionalization”, “market forces” and “degree of internationalization” derived from previous research, an applied Delphi technique and a representative sample of 149 exporters in Turkey, a survey using a web‐based questionnaire was conducted. All scales were designed and a number of hypotheses were validated. Results were analyzed by the principal components of factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and moderated hierarchical regression.Findings – The empirical analysis resulted in an interaction effect.
New data from Morerella cyanophthalma (Anura: Hyperoliidae) in Azagny National Park, southern-central Ivory Coast

Morerella cyanophthalma is a frog endemic to Ivory Coast. Currently it is listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List. It was reported to have a range limited to the eastern Ivorian forests. The taxonomic status of frogs from the southern-central Azagny National Park was uncertain. Herein we confirm the species’ presence in this park, as the third record, being 130 km west of the type locality and provide further data on habitat use, and morphology. We urge to search for further populations of this rare frog and suggest protection of such sites.