Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Pathogenic Aspects of Human Parvovirus B19 NS1 Protein in Chronic and Inflammatory Diseases

Background The nonstructural protein (NS1) of human parvovirus B19 (hPVB19) is considered to be a double-edged sword in its pathogenesis. NS1 protein promotes cell death by apoptosis in erythroid-lineage cells and is also implicated in triggering and the progression of various inflammation and autoimmune disorders. Objectives We investigated the possible role of hPVB19 NS1 in the modulation of proinflammatory cytokines in nonpermissive HEK-293T cells. Methods A plasmid containing the fully sequenced NS1 gene (pCMV6-AC-GFP-NS1) was transfected into HEK-293T cells. Transfection efficiency was assessed by fluorescent microscopy over time. Mock (pCMV6-AC-GFP) transfected cells were used as controls. The percentage of apoptotic cells was measured by flow cytometry at 24, 48, and 72 h posttransfection. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA, as a pleiotropic cytokine, was measured by real-time PCR. Furthermore, cellular supernatants were collected to determine the type and quantity of cytokines produced by mock- and NS1-transfected cells using flow cytometry. Results Fold change in the expression level of IL-6 mRNA in transfected cells after 72 hr of incubation was found to be 3.01 when compared with mock-transfected cells; however, cell apoptosis did not happen over time. Also, the concentration of cytokines such as IL-2, IL-6, IL-9, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-22, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) increased in NS1-transfected cells. Conclusions Overall, our results indicated that proinflammatory cytokine levels had increased following the expression of hPVB19 NS1 in HEK-293T cells, consistent with a role for NS1 expression facilitating the upregulation of inflammatory reactions. Therefore, hPVB19 NS1 function may play a role in the progression of some chronic and inflammatory diseases.
Comparative evaluation of Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway (ILMA), I-gel and Ambu AuraGain for blind tracheal intubation in adults

Background and Aims: The supraglottic airway devices (SADs) that allow direct (without an intermediary device like Aintree or airway exchange catheters) tracheal intubation can be invaluable for field use in conditions ideally managed by intubation. Whilst fiberscope-guided intubation is the method of choice, if these ‘direct-intubation’ SADs could provide high success rates for blind tracheal intubation, their scope of use can increase tremendously. Our study assesses intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA), i-gel and Ambu AuraGain for blind tracheal intubation in adults. Material and Methods: Ninety adults undergoing elective surgery were randomized into three equal groups. After induction of anesthesia, the group-specific SAD was inserted and on achieving adequate ventilation, blind tracheal intubation was attempted over two attempts. Success rates and time of achieving adequate device placement and tracheal intubation through these were evaluated. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0 and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: All three devices could achieve adequate ventilation within two allowed attempts. Successful tracheal intubation rates were significantly better with ILMA than i-gel on first attempt (87% vs. 27%, P < 0.001) and after second attempt that was supplemented with optimization maneuvers (100% vs. 40%, P < 0.001). No patient could be intubated through Ambu AuraGain within two attempts. Time taken for successful tracheal intubation did not differ significantly (P = 0.205) with ILMA or i-gel. Conclusion: Out of ILMA, I-gel and Ambu AuraGain, ILMA is the best device for blind tracheal intubation in adults with normal airways.
Effect of Selenium on Triglyceride and Total Cholesterol, Weight Gain, and Physical Activity on Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Double-Blinded Controlled Trial

Background: End-stage renal disease is one of the most important chronic diseases. Selenium is one of the so-called rare elements which are essential for our body functions. Here, we aimed to investigate and the effects of selenium supplement therapy on weight gain, physical activity, and triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol in patients under hemodialysis. Methods: The current study is a double-blinded clinical trial performed on patients with ESRD under hemodialysis in 2019. In the beginning, serum selenium levels were assessed. All patients were randomly divided into two groups. The first group was under treatments with tablets of selenium 400 μg. Patients received selenium tablets three times after each hemodialysis session (3 times a week) and the other group received placebo tablets. 3 months after the beginning of the study, blood selenium levels, TG and total cholesterol, and weight and physical activities of patients were evaluated again and compared with the beginning. Results: A total of 78 patients were included. Serum selenium levels at the beginning of our study were 40.06 ± 8.50 in the intervention group and 45.00 ± 8.16 in control groups. Selenium levels and physical activities of patients were increased significantly in intervention group compared to baseline (P < 0.001 for both). Weight, physical activity, total cholesterol, and TG in both intervention and control groups did not change significantly after interventions (P > 0.05). Conclusions: We showed that selenium supplement therapies have beneficial effects in patients under hemodialysis. Furthermore, we showed that selenium supplement therapies have positive effects on serum selenium levels but no effects on total cholesterol and TG.
Hepato-Protection Effect of Curcumin Against Methylphenidate-Induced Hepatotoxicity: Histological and Biochemical Evidences

Background: As a psychostimulant agent, methylphenidate (MPH) abuse can cause serious liver damage. Studies have documented the hepatoprotective impacts of curcumin on liver damage. According to this definition, the purpose of this study is to explain the hapatoprotective effects of curcumin against the hepatotoxicity induced by MPH. Methods: Seventy rats were equally divided into seven groups (10 rats per group). Groups 1 and 2 received normal saline (0.7 mL/rat) and MPH (10 mg/kg), respectively for 21 days. Groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 concurrently received MPH (10 mg/ kg) and curcumin (10, 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg, respectively) for 21 days. Group 7 was treated with curcumin (60 mg/kg) alone for 21 days. The hepatic function test key enzymes such as AST, ALP, and histology of liver tissue (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels was studied in the blood samples, and also, the histopathological changes and cell density changes were evaluated in the liver tissue. Results: The latest studies have shown that the administration of MPH induces rises in the AST, ALT, and ALP levels and induces degeneration changes in histopathology, whereas curcumin administration at doses of 40 and 60 mg/kg reduced the elevation of MPH-induced hepatic enzyme and inhibited histopathological degeneration in the MPH-treated classes. Curcumin alone (60 mg/kg) did not alter the biochemical and histological parameters. Conclusions: Curcumin can function as a hepatoprotective agent against MPH-induced hepatotoxicity.
Holism as the empirical signiﬁcance of symmetries ∗

Not all symmetries are on a par. For instance, within Newtonian mechanics, we seem to have a good grasp on the empirical signiﬁcance of boosts, by applying it to subsystems. This is exempliﬁed by the thought experiment known as Galileo’s ship: the inertial state of motion of a ship is immaterial to how events unfold in the cabin, but is registered in the values of relational quantities such as the distance and velocity of the ship relative to the shore. But the signiﬁcance of gauge symmetries seems less clear. For example, can gauge transformations in Yang-Mills theory—taken as mere descriptive redundancy—exhibit a similar relational empirical signiﬁcance as the boosts of Galileo’s ship? This question has been debated in the last ﬁfteen years in philosophy of physics. I will argue that the answer is ‘yes’, but only for a ﬁnite subset of gauge transformations, and under special conditions. Under those conditions, we can mathematically identify empirical signiﬁcance with a failure of supervenience: the state of the Universe is not uniquely determined by the intrinsic state of its isolated subsystems. Empirical signiﬁcance is therefore encoded in those relations between subsystems that stand apart from their intrinsic states.
World Sheet Commuting beta-gamma CFT and Non-Relativistic String Theories

We construct a sigma model in two dimensions with Galilean symmetry in flat target space similar to the sigma model of the critical string theory with Lorentz symmetry in 10 flat spacetime dimensions. This is motivated by the works of Gomis and Ooguri[1] and Danielsson et. al.[2, 3]. Our theory is much simpler than their theory and does not assume a compact coordinate. This non-relativistic string theory has a bosonic matter βγ CFT with the conformal weight of β as 1. It is natural to identify time as a linear combination of γ and γ̄ through an explicit realization of the Galilean boost symmetry. The angle between γ and γ̄ parametrizes one parameter family of selection sectors. These selection sectors are responsible for having a non-relativistic dispersion relation without a nontrivial topology in the non-relativistic setup, which is one of the major differences from the previous works[1, 2, 3]. This simple theory is the non-relativistic analogue of the critical string theory, and there are many different avenues ahead to be investigated. We mention a possible consistent generalization of this theory with different conformal weights for the βγ CFT. We also mention supersymmetric generalizations of these theories.
BREAST CANCER IN YOUNG MOROCCAN WOMEN UNDER AGE OF 40 YEARS, A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Khalid Andaloussi-Saghir 1 , Khalid Hadadi 1 , Abdelhamid Benlghazi 2 , jaafar Bakkali 1 , Mohamed Elmarjany 1 , Abdelhak Maghous 1 , Amine Marnouch 1 , Hamid Mansouri 1 and Hassan Sifat 1 . 1. Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Mohammed V Military teaching Hospital. Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco. 2. Department of gynecology, Mohammed V Military teaching Hospital. Rabat, Morocco. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History Received: 12 April 2019 Final Accepted: 14 May 2019 Published: June 2019
PREVALENCE OF HEAD AND NECK AND ORAL CANCER: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Aims: To assess the prevalence of head & neck and oral cancer in India. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study on the prevalence of various cancers in the head & neck and oral cavity regions was conducted in the Department of oncology from 1 st August 2016 to 31 st July 2018. Results: A total of 4,587 Total Body Malignancy (TBM) cases were reported for the Out-Patient Department records, among which head & neck (HNC) and oral cancers constituted 1,476 cases (32.18%). There were 640 (43.36%) and 836 (56.64%) HNC and oral cancer cases, respectively. Conclusion: This study attempts to quantify and analyse the spectrum of HNC and oral cancers in the region. A comprehensive effort is needed to identify the cause of such high prevalence, generate awareness and treatment options suited to meet this challenge.
The art collection of the University Museum, University of Stellenbosch

A maroon-coloured, double-storey, late Victorian building in Stellenbosch - with the date 1907 on one of its gables - is variously referred to as 'the old Bloemhof School' and 'The Sasol'. This building, The Eben DoA? nges Centre situated at 52 Ryneveld Street, is in fact the head office of the University (of Stellenbosch) Museum.
Porosity-dependent free vibration analysis of FG nanobeam using

This work focuses on the behavior of non-local shear deformation beam theory for the vibration of functionally graded (FG) nanobeams with porosities that may occur inside the functionally graded materials (FG) during their fabrication, using the nonlocal differential constitutive relations of Eringen. For this purpose, the developed theory accounts for the higher-order variation of transverse shear strain through the depth of the nanobeam. The material properties of the FG nanobeam are assumed to vary in the thickness direction. The equations of motion are derived from Hamilton’s principle. Analytical solutions are presented for a simply supported FG nanobeam with porosities. The validity of this theory is verified by comparing some of the present results with other higher-order theories reported in the literature, the influence of material parameters, the volume fraction of porosity and the thickness ratio on the behavior mechanical P-FGM beam are represented by numerical examples.
Acoustic Localization Method Applied to the Analysis of Dolphin Calf Acoustical Exploratory Behavior Within its Social Group

Exploratory behaviour includes all the actions that an animal performs to obtain information about a new object, environment or individual through using its different senses of perception. Here, we studied the development of the exploratory behaviour of a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) calf aged from 39 to 169 days, by investigating its acoustic productions in relation to an immerged object handled by a familiar human without isolation from its original social group. The study was conducted between July 2015 and January 2016 at Parc Asterix dolphinarium (Plailly, France). Simultaneous audio and video recordings were collected using a waterproof 360° audio-video system named BaBeL which allows localization of the dolphin that is producing sounds. During 32 recordings sessions, for a total duration of 6 hours 55 minutes of audio-video recordings, 46 click trains were attached to individual dolphins: 18 times to the calf, 11 times to its mother and 17 times to another dolphin in the pool. When comparing the calf’s acoustical production to its mother’s, no significant differences were found in their click rate, mean click duration, or mean interclick interval (ICI). However, linear regression showed that calf’s click rate increased with age and mean ICI decreased with age, probably due to an increase in its arousal. This non-intrusive methodology allows the description and analysis of acoustic signal parameters and acoustic exploratory behaviour of a dolphin calf within its social group.
THE METABOLISM OF NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS BY SUNFLOWER

The possibilities for clarifying our understanding of the basic nitrogen metabolism of plant tissues have been improved by the development of plant tissue culture techniques. The influence of various organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen on the growth of sunflower crown gall tissue cultures was studied by Riker and Gutsche (7), who showed that nitrate or urea were excellent sources of nitrogen for the tissue; ammonia also was a fair nitrogen source. Seventeen amino acids, when tested in the presence of an optimal nitrate concentration (0.00836 M), produced progressive inhibition of growth with increasing amino acid concentration; except with arginine, complete inhibition occurred at approximately 103 M. Whereas this inhibition occurred with L-glutamic acid, DL-aspartic acid, and DL-alanine, when these three amino acids were used at concentrations higher than 103 M, good growth was dbtained again. Figure 1 shows typical growth curves (7) with two maxima obtained when alanine was employed. As alanine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid are actively involved in transamination in a wide variety of plant, animal, and bacterial tissues, the possibility that the interesting growth effects obtained might be concerned with transamination seemed worth exploring. The experiments described in this paper deal with two aspects of nitrogen metabolism. First were examined the activities of transaminases from sunflower crown gall tissue grown on media containing various levels of alanine, glutamate, or aspartate in the presence of nitrate. Second, tracer experiments were carried out to determine the relative utilization of nitrate or ammonia and also of nitrate and amino acid when both were present in the same medium.
Fashioning Green Words and Eco Language: An Examination of the User Perception Gap for Fashion Brands Promoting Sustainable Practices

Abstract In today’s marketplace, dominated by business models predicated on continual consumption and globalized production systems creating major environmental and social impact, the contradiction between the socio-economic importance of fashion and its inbuilt obsolescence through its increasingly fast fashion cycle represent a significant problem. Given that fashion consumption appears set to grow with each new generation of consumers, the need to provide a regulatory system for sustainable fashion and to communicate that effectively appears to be essential. Located in Hong Kong, this paper reviews the role of fashion user perceptions toward popularly used words adopted by fashion brands intended to stimulate sustainable behaviors. It is based on research findings determining how users make sense of this complex discourse and the impact on consumption practices. Findings are presented from over 100 on-street surveys and six focus groups with Hong Kong-based participants to determine their understanding of green language used in sustainable fashion brands promotions. Findings suggest confusion and lack of engagement, yet an interest in taking action. Hence, the question of how to devise and communicate sustainable fashion messages using the most effective and understood key words in brand messages is critical in terms of moving people from awareness to advocacy impacting on fashion consumption in a future circular economy.
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1Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
Online Learning, Social Presence and Satisfaction among University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in various countries at the end of last year has transferred traditional face-to-face teaching to online education platforms, which directly affects the quality of education. Also, students' satisfaction is extremely important in the effective implementation of online learning. Thus, the main goal of this research was to investigate the possible relationship between online learning, social presence and satisfaction with online courses among university students. The Distance Education Learning Environments Survey (DELES), the Social Presence Scale (SPRES) and the Satisfaction Scale were administered to a sample of 280 university students. The results indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between online learning, social presence and satisfaction with online courses. Also, we found a significant positive relationship between social presence, satisfaction, instructor support, student autonomy, interaction and collaboration and authentic learning, but negative correlation between social presence, satisfaction, personal relevance and active learning. The study concluded that designing types of assignments that involve collaboration among students, and instituting authentic learning experiences that align with students’ interest, will improve students’ social presence, online learning and students' satisfaction in online courses.
Casirivimab and Imdevimab Treatment in Seropositive, Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients With Non-neutralizing or Borderline Neutralizing Antibodies

We conducted a post-hoc analysis in seropositive patients who were negative or borderline for functional neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 at baseline from a phase 1/2/3 trial of casirivimab and imdevimab (CAS+IMD) treatment in hospitalized COVID-19 patients on low-flow or no supplemental oxygen prior to the emergence of Omicron-lineage variants. Patients were randomized to a single dose of 2.4 g CAS+IMD, 8.0 g CAS+IMD, or placebo. Patients seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at baseline were analyzed by their baseline nAb status. At baseline, 20.6% (178/864) of seropositive patients were negative/borderline for nAbs. CAS+IMD reduced viral load in patients who were negative/borderline for nAbs versus placebo, but not in patients who were positive for nAbs. We observed a trend in reduction of the proportion of patients who died or required mechanical ventilation (MV), as well as in all-cause mortality, by day 29 with CAS+IMD versus placebo in patients who were negative/borderline for nAbs. In those who were negative/borderline for nAbs, the proportions who died/needed MV from days 1-29 were 19.1% and 10.9%, and the proportions of patients who died from days 1-29 were 16.2% and 9.1%, in the placebo and CAS+IMD combined dose groups, respectively. No measurable harm or benefit in death/MV or all-cause mortality was observed in patients who were positive for nAbs. In hospitalized COVID-19 patients on low-flow or no supplemental oxygen, CAS+IMD reduced viral load, the risk of death or MV, and all-cause mortality in seropositive patients who were negative/borderline for nAbs.
Fairness in Mobile Phone–Based Mental Health Assessment Algorithms: Exploratory Study

Background Approximately 1 in 5 American adults experience mental illness every year. Thus, mobile phone–based mental health prediction apps that use phone data and artificial intelligence techniques for mental health assessment have become increasingly important and are being rapidly developed. At the same time, multiple artificial intelligence–related technologies (eg, face recognition and search results) have recently been reported to be biased regarding age, gender, and race. This study moves this discussion to a new domain: phone-based mental health assessment algorithms. It is important to ensure that such algorithms do not contribute to gender disparities through biased predictions across gender groups. Objective This research aimed to analyze the susceptibility of multiple commonly used machine learning approaches for gender bias in mobile mental health assessment and explore the use of an algorithmic disparate impact remover (DIR) approach to reduce bias levels while maintaining high accuracy. Methods First, we performed preprocessing and model training using the data set (N=55) obtained from a previous study. Accuracy levels and differences in accuracy across genders were computed using 5 different machine learning models. We selected the random forest model, which yielded the highest accuracy, for a more detailed audit and computed multiple metrics that are commonly used for fairness in the machine learning literature. Finally, we applied the DIR approach to reduce bias in the mental health assessment algorithm. Results The highest observed accuracy for the mental health assessment was 78.57%. Although this accuracy level raises optimism, the audit based on gender revealed that the performance of the algorithm was statistically significantly different between the male and female groups (eg, difference in accuracy across genders was 15.85%; P<.001). Similar trends were obtained for other fairness metrics. This disparity in performance was found to reduce significantly after the application of the DIR approach by adapting the data used for modeling (eg, the difference in accuracy across genders was 1.66%, and the reduction is statistically significant with P<.001). Conclusions This study grounds the need for algorithmic auditing in phone-based mental health assessment algorithms and the use of gender as a protected attribute to study fairness in such settings. Such audits and remedial steps are the building blocks for the widespread adoption of fair and accurate mental health assessment algorithms in the future.