Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THREE-DIMENSIONAL POLARIMETRIC CORONAL MASS EJECTION LOCALIZATION TESTED THROUGH TRIANGULATION

We have tested the validity of the coronal mass ejection (CME) polarimetric reconstruction technique for the first time using triangulation and demonstrated that it can provide the angle and distance of CMEs to the plane of the sky. In this study, we determined the three-dimensional orientation of the CMEs that occurred on 2007 August 21 and 2007 December 31 using polarimetric observations obtained simultaneously with the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory/Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation spacecraft COR1-A and COR1-B coronagraphs. We obtained the CME orientations using both the triangulation and polarimetric techniques and found that angles to the sky plane yielded by the two methods agree to within ≈ 5°, validating the polarimetric reconstruction technique used to analyze CMEs observed with the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph. In addition, we located the CME source regions using EUV and magnetic field measurements and found that the corresponding mean angles to the sky plane of those regions agreed with those yielded by the geometric and polarimetric methods within uncertainties. Furthermore, we compared the locations provided by polarimetric COR1 analysis with those determined from other analyses using COR2 observations combined with geometric techniques and forward modeling. We found good agreement with those studies relying on geometric techniques but obtained results contradictory to those provided by forward modeling.
Random iterations of rational functions

Abstract We study the asymptotic behavior of iterates of rational functions with small perturbations. In presence of attractive cycles we show that almost surely, in the parameter space, the iterates converge to a given neighborhood of the attractive cycles. When there is no attractive cycle, we prove an ergodic theorem with respect to Lebesgue measure.
Tuning PID controllers with integral performance criteria

Gives some new results on integral performance criteria and describes how these have been incorporated within a menu driven software package in MATLAB. A disadvantage of the integral squared error (ISE) criterion is the fact that its minimization often results in a relatively oscillatory step response since the large errors which must occur for small time contribute significantly to the performance index. The paper also examines the time weighted squared error criterion and shows how analytical results can be obtained for the performance integral. New theoretical results are given for a simple plant with time delay and they are used to check the numerical computations which are achieved using a Pade approximation. A menu driven software package is developed to implement the computation algorithms using the integral performance criteria. < >
Comparison of energetic electron intensities outside and inside the radiation belts

The intensities of energetic electrons (~25–800 keV) outside and inside Earth's radiation belts are reported using measurements from Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms and Van Allen Probes during nongeomagnetic storm periods. Three intervals of current disruption/dipolarization events in August 2013 were selected for comparison. The following results are obtained. (1) Phase space densities (PSDs) for the equatorially mirroring electron population at three values of the first adiabatic invariant (20, 70, and 200 MeV/G) at the outer radiation belt boundary are found to be 1 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than values measured just inside the radiation belt. (2) There is indication that substorm activity leads to PSD increases inside L = 5.5 in less than 1 h. (3) Evidence for progressive inward transport of enhanced PSDs is found. (4) Reductions and enhancements in the PSDs over L shells from 3.5 to 6 are found to occur rapidly in ~2–3 h. These results suggest that (1) continual replenishments are required to maintain high levels of PSD for electrons at these energies and (2) inward radial transport of these electrons occurs in a fast timescale of a few hours.
Knowledge of School Nurses on the Basic Principles of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Self-Control and Treatment in Children

School nurses should participate in the care of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge of school nurses about the basic principles of self-control and the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus and to attempt to determine the factors that influence this level of knowledge. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among school nurses from October 2018 to November 2019 in the Pomeranian Voivodeship. The study was conducted using a self-constructed questionnaire. The survey included questions about the sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents, and a test of the knowledge and skills regarding the principles of self-control and the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (16 test questions). This study included 168 Polish school nurses (mean age ± SD = 55.1 ± 8.9 years). Most of the nurses had a secondary education (81%), worked in a municipal educational institution (78.6%), and provided care to more than one student with type 1 diabetes mellitus at school (70.2%). The average level of knowledge of school nurses was 12.5 ± 2.0 points (maximum 16). The nurses working in a village school and those who worked only in one school had lower levels of knowledge. Only 85.7% of nurses reported that they could independently perform a blood glucose measurement with a glucometer, and as many as 56.5% were unable to determine the level of ketone bodies in the urine with Keto-Diastix test strips. Only 62.5% of nurses had a glucometer and glucometer strips in their nursing office. A total of 19.6% of nurses did not have glucagon (1 mg GlucaGen HypoKit®, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark) or an ampoule with 20% glucose for an intravenous administration. The knowledge of school nurses about the principles of self-control and the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus is insufficient. Due to the strong increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus among children and adolescents, it is important to organize permanent, continuous, and mandatory training on the principles of self-control and the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus for school nurses. The equipment in Polish school nurses’ offices should be supplemented with a working glucometer and blood glucose test strips, and the set of obligatory medications in the school nurse’s office should be supplemented with glucagon for students with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Comparison of Memristor Mathematical Models

The major passive electronic circuit element is memristor, that offers changeable CMOS compatibility, resistance, flexibility, and no leakage current. The features of a memristor vary depending on the application. There are broadly five categories of memristor models LIDM, NLIDM, STBM, TEAM, and VTEAM models. This paper provides a basic overview of each of these memristor models. These models have been realized and I-V characteristics are simulated in Cadence Virtuoso tool using Verilog-A code blocks.Finally a comparison of these models is presented.
Fluid Shear Stress Regulates Osteogenic Differentiation via AnnexinA6-Mediated Autophagy in MC3T3-E1 Cells

Fluid shear stress (FSS) facilitates bone remodeling by regulating osteogenic differentiation, and extracellular matrix maturation and mineralization. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of how mechanical stimuli from FSS are converted into osteogenesis remain largely unexplored. Here, we exposed MC3T3-E1 cells to FSS with different intensities (1 h FSS with 0, 5, 10, and 20 dyn/cm2 intensities) and treatment durations (10 dyn/cm2 FSS with 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 h treatment). The results demonstrate that the 1 h of 10 dyn/cm2 FSS treatment greatly upregulated the expression of osteogenic markers (Runx2, ALP, Col I), accompanied by AnxA6 activation. The genetic ablation of AnxA6 suppressed the autophagic process, demonstrating lowered autophagy markers (Beclin1, ATG5, ATG7, LC3) and decreased autophagosome formation, and strongly reduced osteogenic differentiation induced by FSS. Furthermore, the addition of autophagic activator rapamycin to AnxA6 knockdown cells stimulated autophagy process, and coincided with more expressions of osteogenic proteins ALP and Col I under both static and FSS conditions. In conclusion, the findings in this study reveal a hitherto unidentified relationship between FSS-induced osteogenic differentiation and autophagy, and point to AnxA6 as a key mediator of autophagy in response to FSS, which may provide a new target for the treatment of osteoporosis and other diseases.
Review of pork and pork products as a source for transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an opportunistic bacterium that can cause infection in animals and humans. Recently, MRSA from food-producing or farm animals has been identified as livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA). The spread of LA-MRSA is particularly found in pork and pork products because LA-MRSA has been widely known to infect pigs. The most common type of LA-MRSA identified in pork and pork products is the clonal complex LA-MRSA 398 (LA-MRSA CC398). The MRSA strains on the surface of pork carcasses can be spread during the handling and processing of pork and pork products through human hands, cutting tools, and any surface that comes into direct contact with pork. Food infection is the main risk of MRSA in pork and pork products consumed by humans. Antibiotics to treat food infection cases due to MRSA infection include vancomycin and tigecycline. The spread of MRSA in pork and pork products is preventable by appropriately cooking and cooling the pork and pork products at temperatures above 60°C and below 5°C, respectively. It is also necessary to take other preventive measures, such as having a clean meat processing area and disinfecting the equipment used for processing pork and pork products. This review aimed to explain epidemiology, transmission, risk factors, diagnosis, public health consequences, treatment of food poisoning, and preventing the spread of MRSA in pork and pork products.
Recent Advances in Silicon Solar Cell Research Using Data Science-Based Learning

The application of machine learning techniques in silicon photovoltaics research and production has been gaining traction. Learning from the existing data has given the potential to research labs and industries of discovering optimized processing parameters, device architectures, and fabrication recipes. It has also been utilized for defect detection and quality inspection. The increasing computational capacities of modern computers and abstraction of machine learning algorithms, along with the increasing community support for open-source software libraries has increased the accessibility of learning-based algorithms that were perceived as complex to be implemented for interdisciplinary research and development just a few years back. In this article, we present a review of the efforts in the literature that have utilized machine learning techniques for commercial silicon solar cell devices in recent times. The emphasis is to categorize and investigate specific learning techniques that are best suited for one particular device or fabrication process parameter optimization. We also provide insight into possible expansions of current research methodologies that can further improve the prediction accuracy while minimizing the computational costs and extract other useful information from a machine learning model, such as prediction uncertainty, scalability, and generalization of a particular model.
Conditional moment closure for large eddy simulation of nonpremixed turbulent reacting flows

A method for closing the chemical source terms in the filtered governing equations of motion is proposed. Conditional filtered means of quantities appearing in the chemical reaction rate expressions are approximated by assuming that these conditional filtered means are constant for some ensemble of points in the resolved flow field; for such an ensemble, integral equations can be solved for the conditional filtered means. These conditional filtered means are then used to approximate the conditional filtered mean of the chemical source term by invoking the Conditional Moment Closure hypothesis. The filtered means of the chemical source terms are obtained by integrating their conditional filtered means over the filtered density function of the conditioning variable(s). The method is applied to direct numerical simulation results to directly compare the prediction of the reaction rates with the actual filtered reaction rates. The results of this a priori test appear to show that the method is capable of predicting the filtered reaction rates with adequate accuracy—even in the presence of heat release, and local extinction phenomena. This is especially true for predictions obtained using two conditioning variables.
Multiple Flow Regimes in the Northern Hemisphere Winter. Part I: Methodology and Hemispheric Regimes

Abstract Recurrent and persistent flow patterns are identified by examining multivariate probability density functions (PDFs) in the phase space of large-scale atmospheric motions. This idea is pursued systematically here in the hope of clarifying the extent to which intraseasonal variability can be described and understood in terms of multiple flow regimes. Bivariate PDFs of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) wintertime anomaly heights at 700 mb are examined in the present paper, using a 37-year dataset. The two-dimensional phase plane is defined by the two leading empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) of the anomaly fields. PDFs on this plane exhibit synoptically intriguing and statistically significant inhomogeneities on the periphery of the distribution. It is shown that these inhomogeneities are due to the existence of persistent and recurrent anomaly patterns, well-known as dominant teleconnection patterns; that is, the Pacific/North American (PNA) pattern, its reverse, and zonal and blocked phases of the.
Optimising the Therapeutic Interval for Biologics in Patients with Psoriasis

In our clinical experience, more than half of patients do not present a complete response to biologic drugs, or drug loses its efficacy over time. Plasma determinations of drug and anti-drug antibodies levels are an objective tool for optimisation in these patients; however, established therapeutic ranges are not suitable, so the objective of this study was to study these patients and optimise their healthcare. We have made a retrospective, observational study, using data of plasma levels of drugs and anti-drugs antibodies of infliximab, adalimumab or Etanercept, we summarise all data and make a study of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value on current therapeutic ranges. We have found a statistically significant association between subtherapeutic levels and therapeutic failure in psoriasis treated with infliximab and adalimumab. New ranges were found with higher sensitivity than the established ones, we propose 2–10 µg/mL therapeutic range for infliximab, 3–11 µg/mL for adalimumab, and 1–7 µg/mL for etanercept. In conclusion, levels of drug and anti-drug antibodies are a decisive tool for predicting therapeutic response. The current therapeutic ranges may have minimum values that are excessively high, owing to which lowering them significantly increases the sensitivity of the test in all cases, and negative predictive value in the case of etanercept. Further prospective studies are needed to prove the usefulness of these new ranges.
Radio emission from the site of supernova 1961v in NGC 1058

The VLA has been used at 20 cm to detect a 0.19 mJy point source at the site of the extraordinary supernova 1961v in NGC 1058. At the distance of NGC 1058, the absolute monochromatic luminosity of the source is comparable to that of Cas A. 20 references.
miR-186-5p Dysregulation in Serum Exosomes from Patients with AMI Aggravates Atherosclerosis via Targeting LOX-1

Purpose The formation of macrophage-derived foam cells via the uptake of modified lipoproteins is a pivotal development event in atherosclerosis. It has been reported that clinical and experimental myocardial infarction could accelerate atherosclerosis. Several studies have suggested the critical role of exosomes in cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of exosomes from patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients in atherogenesis remains unclear. Patients and Methods Serum exosomes from AMI patients (AMI-Exo) and control individuals (Con-Exo) were isolated and characterized. These exosomes were studied in vitro and in vivo to determine their impact on macrophage foaming and atherogenesis. Results Our results showed that AMI-Exo promoted foam cell formation in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated macrophages and progression of atherosclerosis in high-fat/cholesterol diet-fed ApoE−/− mice together with a significantly upregulated levels of lectin-like ox-LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1). The miR-186-5p was found to be downregulated in AMI-Exo and macrophages administered with AMI-Exo. Moreover, serum exosomal miR-186-5p achieved high diagnostic performance for AMI. Luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR-186-5p directly inhibited LOX-1. The endogenous or exogenous miR-186-5p deficiency enhanced lipid accumulation by upregulating LOX-1, whereas miR-186-5p mimics had a reverse effect. Conclusion In conclusion, the current findings suggest that dysregulated miR-186-5p in AMI-Exo may explain the contribution of acute ischemia events to the advancement of atherosclerosis by enhancing macrophage foaming via its target, LOX-1.
The tilt of the local velocity ellipsoid as seen by Gaia

The Gaia Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS) provides a sample of 7224 631 stars with full six-dimensional phase space information. Bayesian distances of these stars are available from the catalogue of Schönrich, McMillan & Eyer. We exploit this to map out the behaviour of the velocity ellipsoid within 5 kpc of the Sun. We find that the tilt of the disc-dominated RVS sample is accurately described by the relation $\alpha = (0.952 \pm 0.007)\arctan (|z|/R)$, where (R, z) are cylindrical polar coordinates. This corresponds to velocity ellipsoids close to spherical alignment (for which the normalizing constant would be unity) and pointing towards the Galactic Centre. Flattening of the tilt of the velocity ellipsoids is enhanced close to the plane and Galactic Centre, whilst at high elevations far from the Galactic Centre the population is consistent with exact spherical alignment. Using the LAMOST catalogue cross-matched with Gaia DR2, we construct thin disc and halo samples of reasonable purity based on metallicity. We find that the tilt of thin disc stars straddles $\alpha = (0.909{\! -\! }1.038)\arctan (|z|/R)$, and of halo stars straddles $\alpha = (0.927{\! -\! }1.063)\arctan (|z|/R)$. We caution against the use of reciprocal parallax for distances in studies of the tilt, as this can lead to serious artefacts.
Towards quantifying the relative tectonic activity in the Trans-Yamuna segment of NW Himalaya

Abstract Owing to the increased availability of high-resolution satellite data and the rapid development of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, the mapping of active faults and quantification of tectonic activity in inaccessible regions has exceedingly improved. We examined the tectonic activity in the Trans-Yamuna region of the NW Himalaya using geomorphic indices derived from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). In addition, this study evaluates the sensitivity of four space-borne Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) with respect to TAN DEM-X (TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurements). The Cartosat DEM, generated with a spatial resolution of 5 meters using state-of-the-art methods, demonstrated a reliable representation of topography. Geomorphic indices such as Asymmetry Factor (AF), Transverse Topography (TT), Hypsometric Integral (HI), Valley Floor width (Vf), Stream-length gradient index (SL), and Normalised steepness index (ksn) were computed for 41 sub-watersheds to determine the degree of tectonic activity. We infer that majority of the region is tectonically active, with upliftment continuing to occur in the north of the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT). Furthermore, the existence of mapped active faults north of the MBT further substantiates the fact that strain release is not only concentrated in the frontal Himalaya, but is distributed over a broader area above the decollement.
Modulating Direct Growth of Copper Cobaltite Nanostructure on Copper Mesh as a Hierarchical Catalyst of Oxone Activation for Efficient Elimination of Azo Toxicant

As cobalt (Co) has been the most useful element for activating Oxone to generate SO4•−, this study aims to develop a hierarchical catalyst with nanoscale functionality and macroscale convenience by decorating nanoscale Co-based oxides on macroscale supports. Specifically, a facile protocol is proposed by utilizing Cu mesh itself as a Cu source for fabricating CuCo2O4 on Cu mesh. By changing the dosages of the Co precursor and carbamide, various nanostructures of CuCo2O4 grown on a Cu mesh can be afforded, including nanoscale needles, flowers, and sheets. Even though the Cu mesh itself can be also transformed to a Cu-Oxide mesh, the growth of CuCo2O4 on the Cu mesh significantly improves its physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties, making these CuCo2O4@Cu meshes much more superior catalysts for activating Oxone to degrade the Azo toxicant, Acid Red 27. More interestingly, the flower-like CuCo2O4@Cu mesh exhibits a higher specific surface area and more superior electrochemical performance, enabling the flower-like CuCo2O4@Cu mesh to show the highest catalytic activity for Oxone activation to degrade Acid Red 27. The flower-like CuCo2O4@Cu mesh also exhibits a much lower Ea of Acid Red 27 degradation than the reported catalysts. These results demonstrate that CuCo2O4@Cu meshes are advantageous heterogeneous catalysts for Oxone activation, and especially, the flower-like CuCo2O4@Cu mesh appears as the most effective CuCo2O4@Cu mesh to eliminate the toxic Acid Red 27.