Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serum and Bile Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Interleukin-6 and Tumor M2- Pyruvate Kinase in Differentiation Malignant from Benign Biliary Strictures - Preliminary Report

Objective: To determine the value of serum and bile insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), interleukin-6 (Il-6) and tumor M2-pyruvate kinase (Tu M2-PK) in distinguishing pancreatobiliary cancers from benign biliary strictures. Material and methods: The study was performed prospectively on forty jaundiced patients admitted for biliary decompression due to bile duct strictures. Malignant strictures were diagnosed in 22 patients including 15 cases of CCA and 7 cases of pancreatic cancer, and benign biliary strictures in 18 cases. IGF-I, Il-6 and Tu M2-PK were measured in sera and bile by ELISA and compared to serum levels of carbohydrate antigens (CA) 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Results: Serum levels of IGF-I (74.4 vs. 117.0 ng/mL, p=0.03), Il-6 (37.1 vs. 17.0 pg/mL, p=0.04), CA19-9 (5689 vs. 38.9 U/mL, p<0.001) and CEA (27.5 vs. 1.9 ng/mL, p<0.0001) differed significantly between patients with malignant and benign biliary strictures, whereas biliary concentrations of IGF-I and Il-6 and serum and biliary levels of Tu M2-PK were comparable. Biliary IGF-I levels were significantly increased in pancreatic cancer as compared to cholangiocarcinoma and benign biliary strictures groups (966 vs. 137 ng/mL, p=0.03 and 966 vs. 90.6 ng/mL, p=0.01, respectively). The AUC-ROCs for serum IGF-I and serum Il-6 were 0.336 and 0.606, respectively, what was worse than that of CA 19-9 (0.855) and CEA (0.794). Conclusion: Measurement of serum IGF-I and Il-6 may be helpful in differentiation malignant from benign biliary strictures and biliary IGF-I seems to be a promising marker for distinguishing pancreatic cancer from cholangiocarcinoma and benign biliary occlusions.
Current status and management of teenage pregnancy in a south indian teaching hospital

Background: Pregnancy in teenagers is a risk factor as they are still incomplete in their growth, development and mental maturity, with complications and additional family responsibilties. Objectives: To determine the factors that are significant in the clinical outcome of teenage pregnancy and to know the incidence of maternal medical and obstetric complications an fetal outcome. Methods: 100 teenage pregnant women attending government General Hospital (GGH) attached to RMC, Kakinada were studies from May 2014-April 2015 in a prospective case control study. Results: About 72% of teenage pregnancies do not have proper antenatal care because of illiteracy, ignorance, poverty, lack of transport facilities. Majority (62%) belonged to low socioeconomic status and education. 42% of teen age pregnancies are in group of 18 years. 43% of teen age pregnancies are anemic. Incidence of preeclampsia is 21%. The incidence of caesarean section is 35%. Complications occurred in 48%. 38% of neonates are low birth weight (<2.5kgs). Perinatal mortality was 7.6% due to low birth weight babies resulting from prematurity or IUGR. Conclusions: Teenage pregnancy is associated with increased antenatal complications like anemia, preeclampsia, eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction. Operative interventions like caesarean section and forceps are high. Perinatal mortality was high due to low birth weight babies resulting from prematurity or IUGR . In conclusion, teenage pregnancy poses a problem to both the mother and fetus. It concerns not only the obstetrician but also the pediatrician and psychiatrist and in fact the whole family and the society.
Gender Classification by Pitch Analysis

- This paper is about a comparative investigation on speech signals to devise a gender classifier. Gender classification by speech analysis basically aims to predict the gender of the speaker by analyzing different parameters of the voice sample. This comparative investigation mainly concentrates on pitch analysis of the speech signals. The analysis includes comparison of different pitch values of male and female voice samples. This quantitative comparison is implemented through MATLAB programming by determining pitch through auto-correlation method. A database consisting of voice samples collected from many students, both male and female, of our college was created. The pitch analysis was performed on all the collected voice samples and the values were compared to establish a working principle for the gender classifier from speech.
DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY OF AIRBORNE MICROFLORA UNDER MANGROVE FOREST AT SANDSPIT AREA KARACHI, PAKISTAN

Fungi and bacteria are heterotrophic decomposers that grow on organic matter and occupy various habitats in mangrove forests. This paper deals with the distribution and diversity of airborne microbiota (fungi and bacteria) under a mangrove forest at Sandspit, Pakistan. A permanent stand was set up at Sandspit to observe the qualitative and quantitative variations throughout the year, using petri plate techniques. During the study, a total of 16 fungal species, viz., Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, A. sulphureus, A. terreus, A. wentii, A. flavus, Alternaria alternata, A. maritima, A. porri, Alternaria sp. , Rhizopus varians, Mucormucedo, Penicillium sp. , P. notatum, Dreshellera biseptata, Exosporiella fungorum, Cladosporium oxysporum and14420 ± 267 bacterial colonies were recorded from the selected site. The study revealed that the fungi were the major component of airborne microflora in mangrove environment. It was observed that both fungal species and number of bacterial colonies were higher in summer than in winter. It is anticipated that the temperature and salinity of sea-water directly affect the diversity of fungi and bacteria in mangroves environment. The maximum diversity H ́ (1.906) was recorded in August whereas the minimum H ́ (1.053) was recorded in March. It is hoped that this research will add to our knowledge pertaining to the distribution and diversity of the airborne microbiota (bacteria and fungi) in mangrove ecosystem.
NON-ATROPHIC GASTRITIS IN IRAQI PATIENTS

Objectives: To determine the role of Bcl2 and p53 gene expression in the pathogenesis of antral-predominant non-atrophic gastritis (APNG) according to Helicobacter pylori (HP) cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) status. Methods: Multiple antral biopsies were taken from 78 patients for rapid urease test, histopathology, Bcl2 and P53 immunohistochemistry and HP CagA in situ hybridization. Results: CagA was detected in 74.35% cases. There was no significant difference in Bcl2 expression among CagA+ and CagA− APNG cases. Significant differences in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and lymphocytes grades were detected among CagA+ and CagA− APNG cases. There was no significant correlation among patients’ age, inflammatory infiltrates, Bcl2, p53 expression. CagA has positive correlation with p53 (p=0.001), PMNs grade (p=0.027), lymphocytes grade (p=0.003), inflammation intensity (p=0.006), and inflammation activity (p=0.007). Bcl2 has no significant correlation with p53, CagA, PMNs, and lymphocytes indexes. P53 expression has significant correlation with PMNs and lymphocyte grades (p=0.000), inflammation intensity (p=0.003), and inflammation activity (p=0.002). PMNs grade has positive correlation with lymphocyte grade, inflammation intensity, and activity (p=0.000). Lymphocyte grade has a significant correlation with inflammation intensity and activity (p=0.000). Inflammation intensity has a significant correlation with inflammation activity (p=0.000). Conclusions: CagA cytotoxin has direct effect on P53 gene and indirect effect on Bcl2 gene expression in APNG cases. Bcl2 and P53 expression do not get affected by patient’s age and gender. PMNs grade, lymphocytes grade, inflammation intensity, and inflammation activity affected directly by P53 and CagA cytotoxin expression and indirectly by Bcl2 expression. The balance of P53-Bcl2 pathways play a vital role in pathogenesis of HP and CagA-induced APNG.
Impact of Counseling Intervention to Promote Adaptability and Self Efficacy among Stroke Patients and Their Family Caregivers during Rehabilitation Stage at Asser General Hospital

Present study aims to identify needs and pattern of physical and mental adaptation among stroke patient and their family care givers during rehabilitation stage at the neurological clinic. Hence, Implement counseling session for stroke patients and their family care givers (Provide instructional booklet) and evaluate the outcome of counseling session on patient and their family care givers. The study was conducted at the out-patient of the neurological clinic on Asser General Hospital at Abha city Saudi Arabia. A convenience sample of 50 post stroke patients and their families who are attended for follow up visit in the pre determined period a questionnaire sheet was used for data collection that was developed by researchers based on reviewing literature. Results: Findings indicated that a mean age of patients 53.02±12.77 and 80% of the patients were suffering from ischemic stroke. And 72% of the family caregivers were Resident with patient, the differences in total knowledge and practices of caregivers about stroke disease were highly statistically significant between pre, and post program. There were highly significant deference between pre and post program in relation to patient self efficacy, patient quality of life and care givers self Conclusion: The results revealed that the Counseling Intervention had an efficient impact on improving caregivers' knowledge about stroke disease and their practices about care of post-stroke disabled patients which led to an obvious improvement To Promote Adaptability and Self Efficacy among Stroke Patients and Their Family Caregivers. These were proved by the tests’ differences pre and, post the program implementation which showed highly statistically significant differences in all tested items. Recommendation: The results of this study projected the need for distribution, and use of this Counseling Intervention program by all stroke care units, and increase the public awareness about the risk factors of stroke. [Nahla Ahmed Abd Elaziz,,Sahar Mahmoud Mahamed, Hayate Abuo Elazayem Bayomi. Impact of Counseling Intervention to Promote Adaptability and Self Efficacy among Stroke Patients and Their Family Caregivers during Rehabilitation Stage at Asser General Hospital. J Am Sci 2013;9(6):295-307]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience. org. 35
A STUDY ON THE TIME DEPENDENCE OF BRANS-DICKE PARAMETER (ω)

Brans-Dicke (BD) field equations, for a space of zero curvature, has been used to derive an expression of BD parameter (ω), in terms of time and the equation of state (EOS) parameter. An empirical expression of the BD parameter, as a function of the scalar field (φ), has been chosen for this purpose. Several cosmological parameters have been expressed as functions of the BD parameter and its time derivative. The time variation of BD parameter has been shown graphically for different cosmological era, characterized by the values of the EOS parameter. Dependence of the density parameters, for matter and dark energy, upon the BD parameter, has been shown graphically.
White Matter Hyperintensities and their Location in Alzheimer's Disease

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are areas of hyperintense signal within cerebral white matter which can be identified on T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. WMH are common in older individuals and in patients with small vessel disease-related ischemic brain injury. Increased WMH were also reported in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Whether WMH can be a sign of early AD or the result of the pathophysiological mechanisms of AD is yet unclear. By its localization, all the white matter abnormalities can be divided into periventricular and deep WMH. Here we review the differences between periventricular and deep WMH in terms of pathophysiology, etiology and the neuroimaging characteristics in normal subjects and AD patients. Neuroimaging studies distinguish regional patterns in the WMH distribution between healthy aging controls and AD patients. Previous studies using different approaches have reported the prevalence of periventricular WMH in AD. Similar results were demonstrated in our recent study using lesion probability mapping in AD patients and age-matched controls. These results highlight the important etiological role of periventricular white matter damage in the pathogenesis of AD. It has been suggested that white matter lesions may disrupt cholinergic long projection fibers, thus confirming the possible contribution of WMH to the pathogenesis of cognitive decline in AD. It is possible that the effect of periventricular white matter abnormalities on cognitive function is typical for the early AD stages before cortical neurodegeneration begins to prevail over the relatively subtle effects of periventricular white matter damage in patients with dementia. The pathogenesis of the WMH spatial distribution in AD and their connection with cognitive impairment requires further research using new imaging techniques.
Species Specific Allometric Model for Biomass Estimation of Millettia ferruginea (Hochst) Bak. in Tumata Chirecha Agroforestry Gedeo Zone: Implication for Climatic Change Mitigation

Species specific allometric equation is important for accurate net aboveground biomass estimation and quantifying carbon stock in living tree biomass of terrestrial ecosystems. This study was undertaken to develop species-specific allometric equation non-destructively of the Millettia ferruginea in Tumata Chirecha KPA agroforestry Gedeo Zone. Currently, like that of most Ethiopian agroforestry such model did not exist for this particular species and study area. The data was taken from 12 individuals with DBH class intervals in between (20-60 cm). Preferential sampling method was used to collect data from four rectangular plots each with a 10m*20m. The allometric equations were developed by relating tree component biomass to DBH or basal diameter. And the post analysis was highly significant (P > 0.000) fit for linear models for all the components and displayed minimal bias. It had a mean total biomass of 599.36 kg. It is understood that previously published allometric model in agroforestry reveal errors of over estimation of biomass, and propose the new equations to be used in the future for the selected four indigenous species. And it would create an opportunities for sustainable management of agroforestry and to mitigate climatic change through increasing the household income. Keywords: Allometric equation, Biomass, DBH, Non-destructive, Tumata Chirecha KPA
Extensiveness and Strength of United States ' Paradoxical Policy and Guiding Principles as Regards North Africa: A Case Study of Arab Republic of Egypt

This paper is based upon the records and statistics from the US-AID program in the North Africa with the case study of Egypt to analyze the impact of foreign aid on the democratization and decentralization process in the aid recipient nations. Previously, in several cases, it has been examined that aid can entrench dictatorships, making a transition with least priority with a support to some narrow entities. However, the paper establishes the evidence that the relationship between aid and democratization depends on the nature and objectives of aid. Likewise, the paper also establishes the fact a large sum of aid that came from the democratic donors is often found to be found closely associated with the economic liberalization rather than democracy. In case of Egypt, around $5 billion have been spent by the US-AID with the agenda of democracy assistance and promotion was narrowed down with neoliberalization economic reforms instead of democratic transition. In latter context, the paper suggests that the large portion of the American aid has been spent to introduce the neo-liberal economic reforms of the Washington consensus instead of strengthening democratic institution. The proposition that US-AID’s democratic promotion and assistance funding to the authoritarian regimes in Egypt had negatively related with democratization. Moreover, the research further elaborates, how the donors aid affects the domestic policies of the recipient nations especially in the context of the relationship between central authority and local bodies. Thus, the paper suggests that the source of funding matters, with donor priorities regarding democratic assistance and promotion to determine the link between aid and democratization.
Improved Methods for Classification of Emails

- This system proposed for a hybrid solution of spam email classifier using context based email classification model as main algorithm complimented by information gain calculation to increase spam classification accuracy and Machine Learning algorithms. Previous solution consists of three stages email pre-processing, feature extraction and email classification. We use Naives Bayesian classification and k-mean clustering algorithm to classify the data in the mails. The study has shown that implementing the spam filter in the context –based email classification model is feasible and can be improved
Leadership, Nursing, and Patient Safety Within a Hospital-based Learning Organization

Within the complex and often changing Canadian landscape of healthcare, patient safety remains at the forefront of hospital corporate priorities and strategic plans. Drawing data from an emergency department in one Ontario-based hospital that was supported by 180 nursing staff and a three-member front-line leadership team (two coordinators and a manager), this study provides further insight into aspects of how safe patient care can be provided. An exploratory mixedmethods case study was used to understand how and why leadership attributes impact a patient safety culture and patient safety outcomes in a learning organization. It was hypothesized that nursing staff who report to front-line leadership who demonstrate authentic leadership attributes, work within a department that evidences a heightened patient safety culture. It was also hypothesized that nursing staff who report to front-line leadership who demonstrate authentic leadership attributes, experience less adverse events or ‘near misses’ in relation to patient safety issues and thereby work in an organizational context of improving patient safety outcomes. The conceptual framework utilized was based on learning organization theory and authentic leadership theory. Measurements used included the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) (N=47) for nursing staff and the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ) (N=1) for leadership. The HSOPSC was divided into two safety culture measures, four leadership measures, and two patient outcome measures. Inter-correlation matrices were performed for all measure-to-measure and item-to-item correlations to examine the relationship between individual leadership attributes, unit specific patient safety culture, and patient safety outcomes. To obtain a deeper understanding of nurses’ perception of formal leadership and patient safety, an interview process was performed with a select number of nursing staff (N=2).
Field performance of first and second generation Bt cotton events for bollworm resistance in rainfed ecosystem

India is an important grower of cotton on a global scale. It ranks second in global cotton production after China with adaptation of Bt transgenic cultivars widely. Cotton is a very important cash crop for Indian farmers. However, as with many cotton growing countries the major limiting factor in the productivity is damage due to insect pests, especially the bollworm complex (American bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) Spotted bollworm, Earias vittella (Fab.) Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund.). Sucking pests such as aphids (Aphis gossypi), jassids (Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla ), and whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) are also a problem in terms of direct damage to the plant. ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 2 (2014) pp. 223-238 http://www.ijcmas. com
A Study of Employee’s Perception Of Human Resource Practices And Work Engagement In Hospitality Industry (Mumbai)

This study has been done to assess the association between employees’ perception of HR practices and Work engagement in hospitality industry. A survey of 418 employees in hotel industry in Mumbai region was conducted to understand the relationship of Human Resource Practices (Selection & Staffing, Employee Training Opportunities, Employee Development Opportunities, Performance Management & Pay for Performance, Promotional Opportunities, Employee Decision making & participation and Communication & Coordination by HR) and Work Engagement. It has been hypothesized that Work Engagement depends upon Human Resource Practices.The model was tested by using Structural Equation Modelling and relationship analysed through Regression. The result were as expected, that all HR practices were associated with Work Engagement. Selection and Staffing, Employee Training Opportunities, Promotional Opportunities, Employee Benefits and Communication & Coordination by HR had significant impact on Work Engagement. This study will help managers identify practices which increase engagement of its workers and implement them to in accordance to fulfill the needs to employees and organization. This study has original value as it shows the perception of employees towards HR practices through empirical research rather than conceptual that has been done till date.
Practices Of Management Accounting And Entrepreneurial Orientation

This article deals with the importance of management accounting system at the time of new ventures creation. More precisely, it pays attention to the medium enterprises (MEs). We argue that the management accounting system is very important for the entrepreneurial orientation success within these latter. It appears that they would have a more simple form of management control based on traditional vision of budget implementation. A simple regression model applied to the study of a sample of 53 new industrial ventures creation in Tunisian context demonstrates that corresponding companies give much more importance to the performance measurement. Hence they use the benchmarking techniques to a large extent. Most of them tend to take non-financial measures as a basis for the motivation programs. Moreover, they incorporate four financial and non-financial indicators to succeed in their entrepreneurial orientation fulfillment. ISSN: 2348 9510 International Journal Of Core Engineering & Management (IJCEM) Volume 1, Issue 8, November 2014 17