Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of rice straw versus wheat straw as ingredients in a total mixed ration on intake, digestibility and growth of Holstein heifers

Ricestraw(RS)hasgenerallynotbeenconsideredasaningredientindairyheiferorcowrationsinthedeveloped world, at least partly due to its tough physical character. However, recent research aimed at developing harvesting methods that increase mixability and reduce animal-sorting problems has identified straw-preparation methods with substantially improvedphysicalproperties.A'slicer'balermethodwasusedtoprepareRSforuseintwofeedingstudies,soastodetermine effects of RS versus wheat straw (WS) as ingredients in a total mixed ration (TMR) on dairy heifer performance. The WS- TMR-fedheifersinExperiment1hadsubstantiallyhigherframegrowththandidRS-TMR-fedheifers,andmaintainedbody condition score, while RS heifers lost body condition score. A main reason for reduced performance with the RS-TMR-fed heifers was at least partly due to reduced DM intake, which may have been due to slower-degrading fibre and/or a higher dietarycation-aniondifference (DCAD) of theRS-TMR.However, thelarge treatment differences mayalso havebeendue to compensatory growth in WS-TMR-fed heifers as all heifers had been fed the RS-TMR before initiation of the study. The WS-TMR-fed heifers in Experiment 2 had the same frame growth, but somewhat higher BCS accumulation, than did RS-TMR-fedheifers,whichmayhavebeenduetothelowerstraw-inclusionlevelsinthediets,smallertreatmentdifferences in DCAD versus Experiment 1 and/or a lack of compensatory growth, since all heifers had been fed a higher-energy diet before the study. However, after a further 28-day period, when all calves were fed the WS-TMR, measures of skeletal growth and BCS had converged. Overall, results support a lower nutritional value of RS than WS, while demonstrating the practical utility of using energy restriction-realimentation regimes to increase heifer growth efficiency.
Analysis of primary cesarean sections in NTSV (Nulliparous, Term, Single, Vertex) in a tertiary care hospital in South India

Introduction and Aim: Globally, rising caesarean section rates have become public health concern. Cesarean section analysis and audits using Robson ten group classification system have identified the main drivers of Cesarean section rates (CSR) are the gravidas with previous CS and the nulliparous with term singleton foetus with vertex presentation (NTSV). 1-10 Given the low rates of vaginal birth after a cesarean section, once a woman undergoes her first CS, she is extremely likely to have repeat CS in subsequent pregnancies. This increases the burden of high risk pregnancies and increased CS rates subsequently. Reducing primary cesarean sections in NTSV is the key for improving overall health statistics of the institutions. Hence, this one year prospective study was conducted to know the factors contributing to CS in NTSV population in a tertiary care hospital in South India. Materials and Methods: The study is prospective observational study which is conducted in labour wards of department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology at teaching hospital attached to KLE Academy of Higher Education’s Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, from January 2016 to December 2016. Results: Total number of gravidas who delivered during study period, were 6236, out of which 2494 (40%) were NTSVs. The CS among NTSVs were found to be 849(34.01%). The main indications for emergency cesarean sections in NTSV were fetal distress, non-progress of labour, failed induction i.e. 44.76%, 16.65% and 15.31%, respectively. Conclusion: The primary cesarean sections among the NSTV is an important contributor to the overall cesarean sections of the health institute. The main indications of CS were fetal distress, non-progress of labour and failed induction. There is a need to develop standard clinical protocols for management of these conditions and emphasise vaginal delivery in NTSVs. Also strategies like training the obstetricians in interpretation and management of suspicious and non-reactive
Is the vigour of grafted tomato plants related to root characteristics

This research was carried out to assess the effects of root characteristics on vigour of grafted tomato plants. The trial was carried out in a cold greenhouse during spring seasons. Tomato plants (cv. Durinta F 1 ) were grafted on three rootstocks (Beaufort, Heman and itself) and grown in two different pot sizes (5 and 10 L per plant). At the full ripening stage of the 1 st truss, dry matter production, leaf area, scion and rootstock diameter, transpiration and root length were measured. Root density, distribution and substrate exploitation were measured only in plants in the 5 L pot size at three depths. To evaluate hair root characteristics (root diameter, number and length of root hair), plants were transplanted and grown in water culture (15 L pots) in order to avoid any damage determined by separation of the root sample from the substrate. The plants grafted on Beaufort produced 9.8% more epigeous dry matter than those grafted on Heman and no differences were observed in both rootstocks compared to the control. The mean density of roots was higher in both grafted plants (+25.3% in the mean of rootstocks) with respect to the self-grafted one. The roots of selfgrafted plants were about 18% shorter than the other rootstocks when cultivated in 5 L pots. This difference was reduced when the plants were cultivated in the 10 L pot volume. No significant differences were found in root diameter and root hair length whereas Beaufort gave the highest number of root hairs (45% and 71% higher than Heman and Durinta, respectively). Grafted tomato grown under optimal conditions of soilless cultivation showed only slight differences due to the genotype of rootstock in spite of differences in root characteristics.
Mature cystic teratoma of ovary with squamous cell carcinoma arising from it

Clinicians, pathologists, and radiologists should be aware of rare malignant ovarian tumors arising in mature cystic teratoma (MCT). Suspicion should be raised if the patient is elderly, the tumor is huge, and the tumor has large solid foci. However, malignant transformations in MCTs in younger women have been reported.
Corm rot of giant swamp taro (Cyrtosperma merkusii) caused by the burrowing nematode Radopholus similis (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) in the Pacific

Summary ‐ The association between the burrowing nematode Radopholus similis and giant swamp taro is studied in detail for the first time in corms collected from swampy taro patches in Yap, one of the states of the Federated States of Micronesia. The R. similis population from Yap displays similar variation in morphometrics and morphology as reported in the literature. The rot caused by the nematodes is wet with a loose mass of brown dead tissues and a deep brown necrotic centre housing nematodes inside. Usually, the infected tissues spread a disgusting odour typical of this disease. The dead tissues progress into shallow to deep cavities that advance towards the edible, central portion of the corm giving a perforated appearance on the outside of the otherwise smooth corm. The disease becomes more severe as the age of the plant increases. Nematode-infected plants seldom show any above-ground symptoms. The market quality of the corm is greatly reduced by the nematode damage. The widespread occurrence of the disease and the type of damage R. similis causes to the corms pose a serious threat to giant swamp taro production, food security and the continuation of traditional customs on those islands where R. similis occurs.
Influence of temperature on plant–rhizobacteria interactions related to biocontrol potential for suppression of fusarium wilt of chickpea

Seed and soil treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens RGAF 19, P. fluorescens RG 26, Bacillus megaterium RGAF 51 and Paenibacillus macerans RGAF 101 can suppress fusarium wilt of chickpea (Cicer arietinum), but the extent of disease suppression by these rhizobacteria is modulated by soil temperature. In this work, the effect of temperature on plant–rhizobacteria interactions was assessed in relation to biocontrol potential for suppression of fusarium wilt of chickpea. Seed and soil treatment with those rhizobacteria delayed seedling emergence compared with nontreated controls, and either increased or had no deleterious effect on chickpea growth. Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates significantly increased chickpea shoot dry weight at 20°C and root dry weight at 25 and 30°C. All bacterial isolates colonized the chickpea rhizosphere and internal stem tissues at 20, 25 and 30°C, and there was a positive linear trend between bacterial population size in the rhizosphere and temperature increase. The maximum inhibition of mycelial growth and conidial germination of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris race 5 in vitro occurred at a temperature range optimal for bacterial growth and production of inhibitory metabolites. These results demonstrate the need to understand the effects of environmental factors on the biological activities of introduced rhizobacteria of significant importance for plant disease suppression.
Merino sheep responses to different stocking rates and seasonal variation under rangeland conditions of Lesotho

Merino sheep responses to stocking rates were determined over a one-year period. The experimental design consisted of three stocking rates; light (2.0ha LSU-1), moderate (1.25ha LSU-1) and heavy (0.5ha LSU-1) in a Randomised Complete Block Design with three replicates per treatment. Data collected were live weight, grease fleece weight, staple length, fibre diameter and crimp frequency from ewes, and birth weight, growth rate, weaning weight and percent mortality from lambs. Ewes in the heavy stocking rate had significantly (P<0.05) lower final weight, grease fleece weight and fleece length than those in moderate and light stocking rates. Lambs in the heavy stocking rate had significantly (P<0.05) lower birth weight and weaning weight, but higher mortality than those in moderate and light stocking rates. It is concluded that heavy stocking rate significantly reduced ewe and lamb performances.
Isolation and identification of the microbial consortium present in fermented milks from Sub-Saharan Africa

A wide variety of traditionally and commercially fermented milks are commonly consumed in various countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. Commercially fermented milk is produced on an industrial scale according to well-managed, standardised production processes and starters are used to initiate fermentation. Traditionally fermented milk is prepared domestically and fermentation occurs spontaneously at ambient temperatures. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are responsible for milk fermentation during which they convert the milk carbohydrates to lactic acid, carbon dioxide, alcohol and other organic metabolites. Acetic acid bacteria (AAB), yeasts and mycelial fungi have also been isolated from fermented milks. In this study the microbial consortium present in three traditionally fermented milks, namely omashikwa from Namibia, masse from Mozambique and chekapmkaika from Uganda and two commercially fermented milks, namely chambiko from Malawi and omaere from Namibia, were isolated and enumerated on six different selective media that included MSR + C (specific for lactobacilli), KCA + TTC (specific for lactococci), KCA + V (specific for leuconostocs), MRS + E (specific for AAB), MEA (specific for mycelial fungi) and YPD (specific for yeasts). No significant differences were found between the enumeration values obtained for the three chambiko samples, as well as for enumeration values obtained for the two omaere samples on each of the selective media, indicating low sample variance. Significant differences between enumeration values obtained for the three omashikwa samples were found on all six selective media. Significant differences between enumeration values of the three masse samples and both the chekapmkaika samples were also observed on the selective media. In addition to this, significant differences were observed between average enumeration values obtained for each media between the masse and chekapmkaika, the chambiko and omaere, as well as when the traditional and commercial milks were compared. According to the average enumeration values obtained on each media selective for LAB, the highest bacterial counts were detected on KCA + TTC medium for omaere (2.3 x 10 cfu.ml), KCA + V for chambiko (1.8 x 10 cfu.ml), KCA + TTC for omashikwa and MRS + C for masse and chekapmkaika (6.2 x 10 and 2.0 x 10 cfu.ml, respectively). After isolation and enumeration of the microbes present in each milk, bacterial isolates on the media selective for LAB and AAB were obtained according to the Harrison Disk method. These isolates were identified by amplifying a 1.5 kilobase (kb) Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
Root Pruning Reduces Photosynthesis, Transpiration, Growth, and Fruiting of Container-grown French-American Hybrid Grapevines

Seyval blanc' and 'Vidal blanc' grapevines ( Vitis sp.) grown in large containers were root-pruned at different severities and/or stages of development and the effects on growth of both cultivars and fruiting of 'Seyval blanc' were determined. As the severity of root pruning increased, stomatal conductance ( gs) and transpiration (E) decreased and the number of wilted leaves increased in both cultivars. In both cultivars, root pruning reduced net photosynthesis (Pn) and E for as long as 18 to 20 days, as well as total leaf area and dry weight of leaves and petioles plus tendrils. The reductions were proportional to the degree of root pruning. A similar pattern existed for cane and root tissue of 'Vidal blanc'. As the severity of root pruning increased, berry and cluster weight, and titratable acidity (TA) of 'Seyval blanc' decreased. There was no effect of root pruning on berries per cluster, soluble solids content (SSC), or pH of the juice. No interaction was significant for any factor between time of root pruning and fruiting measured on 'Seyval blanc' vines. Root pruning at bloom reduced leaf area, number of leaves, and dry weight of petioles, trunks, and canes. Root pruning at veraison had no effect on any vegetative or fruit parameters. Fruiting 'Seyval blanc' vines had less leaf area and smaller petiole and cane dry weights than did nonfruiting vines.
Incidental catch of marine turtles by Spanish bottom trawlers in the western Mediterranean

A questionnaire-based survey of fishermen was conducted in the Valencia region (eastern Spain) to assess the levels of marine turtle bycatch. Interviews covered 41.3% of the bottom trawling fleet in the region and included 111 fishermen (one per boat). Results were combined with those from previous studies conducted in neighbouring regions using the same methodology to assess the global impact of bottom trawling on the western Mediterranean stock of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta). Estimated turtle catch per unit effort (CPUE) is 0.09 turtles per vessel per month, according to the information reported by fishermen. As a consequence, the whole fleet of bottom trawlers operating off the Valencia region was involved annually in 238 turtle bycatch events (95%, CI: 173–304). Ivlev's electivity index revealed that bottom trawling bycatch was higher than expected according to fishing effort in the northern part of the study area, where the continental shelf widens. The fishermen's perception was that the local stock of loggerhead turtles is declining, and that drifting longlines and bottom trawling are, at least in part, responsible for this trend. According to previous studies as well as the current results, bottom trawlers operating off mainland Spain capture mainly loggerhead turtles from the rookeries in the eastern Mediterranean, with only a low percentage of turtles of Atlantic origin. Loggerhead turtle bycatch by bottom trawling deserves more attention in the Valencia region, particularly in its northern part. Conservation measures in the area are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical Taxonomy and Emended Description of Renibacterium salmoninarum

Summary: Forty-four strains of Renibacterium salmoninarum and 12 representative cultures of Actinomyces, Arthrobacter, Lactobacillus, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Planococcus, Rothia and Listeria denitrificans were compared using numerical taxonomic techniques based upon 86 unit characters. Data were examined using the simple matching (SSM ) and Jaccard (SJ ) coefficients, and clustering was achieved using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) technique. Cluster composition was barely affected by the statistics used, or by the test error, which was estimated at 0.36%. The renibacteria formed a distinct and homogeneous cluster and were distinguished from the marker cultures by a characteristic API-ZYM profile. An emended description of R. salmoninarum is presented, based on the numerical data and the results of recent chemical and microbiological studies.
Polymorphism of the 5′‐flanking region of the human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α gene in Japanese

Polymorphism of the 5'-flanking promoter/enhancer region of the TNF-alpha gene in Japanese is not well understood. To better understand it, we have determined the 1,358 base pair sequence of the 5'-flanking region of the TNF-alpha gene in nine Japanese, and identified three new polymorphisms at positions 1,031 (T to C change, termed as -1,031C), -863 (C to A, -863A), and -857 (C to T, -857T), with the former two in one allele. The level of TNF-alpha production by concanavalin A (Con A)-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the five donors possessing at least one new allele was 1.8-fold higher than that from the remaining four donors with the dominant allele. The transcriptional promoter activity of the 1,031C/-863A or -857T allele in response to Con A stimulation was 2.0 or 1.7-fold higher than that of the dominant allele, respectively. The allele frequencies of -1,031C, -863A, -857T, -308A (G to A), and -238A (G to A) (the latter two were previously reported) in 575 healthy Japanese were 16.0, 14.0, 17.7, 1.7 and 2.0%, respectively. The -1,031C/-863A or -857T allele was in significant linkage disequilibrium with HLA-B61, -B39 and -DRB1*0901, or with HLA-B54, -B35, -B59, and -DRB1*0405, respectively. The newly identified alleles observed in a relatively large proportion of Japanese may be related to differences in levels of TNF-alpha production in immune responses to various stimuli among individuals.
VANADIUM AS A TRACE ELEMENT IN THE BLUE‐GREEN ALGA, NOSTOC MUSCORUM: INFLUENCE ON NITROGENASE AND NITRATE REDUCTASE

Summary Molybdenum (Mo), a group VI B element (applied in the form of sodium molybdate at a concentration of 0.0177 ppm), is required for the nitrogenase and nitrate reductase activities of Nostoc muscorum and hence for growth on N2 and NO−3. These enzymic activities, as well as the growth of Mo-containing cultures, are significantly enhanced by the addition of 0.0125 ppm vanadium (V), an element belonging to group V (applied in the form of sodium vanadate). At concentrations above 0.0125 ppm. V addition inhibits nitrogenase and nitrate reductase activities and ultimately leads to a retardation of growth on N2 and NO−3. Molybdenum and/or V has no effect on the growth of N. muscorum with NO−2 as nitrogen source.
Risk of recurrence in stage I adenocarcinoma of the lung: a multi-institutional study on synergism between type of surgery and type of nodal staging.

Background In last years, an increasing interest emerges on the role of sub-lobar resection and lobe-specific lymph nodal dissection in the treatment of early-stage lung cancer. The aim of our study was to define the impact on cumulative incidence of recurrence (CIR) of type of surgical resection and type of nodal staging in this subset of patients. Furthermore, we evaluated the possible synergism between the different kinds of procedure. Methods An analysis of 969 consecutive stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients, operated in six Thoracic Surgery Institutions between 2001 and 2013, was conducted. Type of surgical resection included lobectomy and sub-lobar resection; while pneumonectomy and bilobectomy were excluded from the analysis. Nodal staging procedures were classified in nodal sampling (NS), lobe-specific lymph node dissection (LS-ND) and systematic lymph node dissection (SND). Multivariable-adjusted comparisons for CIR was performed using Fine and Grey model, taking into account of death by any cause as competing event. In order to evaluate synergism between the different procedures, the test of interaction between type of surgical resection and type of nodal staging was carried out and results presented in a stratified way. Results Eight-hundred forty-six (87%) patients were submitted to lobectomy, while 123 (13%) to sub-lobar resection. Four-hundred fifty-five (47%) patients received SND, 98 (10%) LS-ND and 416 (43%) NS. Two-hundred forty-seven (26%) patients developed a local/distant recurrence with a 5-year CIR of 24.2%. Multivariable-adjusted comparisons showed an independent negative effect of sub-lobar resection (HR =1.52; 95% CI: 1.07-2.17), LS-ND (HR =1.74; 95% CI: 1.16-2.6) and NS (HR =1.49; 95% CI: 1.12-1.98) on CIR. Test of interaction showed a homogeneity of results among subgroups. Conclusions Patients affected by stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma and submitted to lobectomy presented a significant lower recurrence rate than those submitted to sub-lobar resection. Moreover, SND presented an independent positive effect on recurrence development than other lymph node assessment strategy. Finally, lobectomy in combination with systematic lymph nodal resection showed the best results in term of CIR.
Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoridae: Aphaeninae) finally, but suddenly arrived in Korea

A history of name changes in two fulgorid species –Lycorma delicatula and Limois emelianovi– is reviewed. Lycorma delicatula was once mistakenly reported to occur in Korea. Now, it has suddenly become common in western Korea, creating the suspicion that it has recently arrived from China and settled in Korea. A brief morphological and biological description of L. delicatula is provided, and its original Korean name, “ggot‐mae‐mi”, is revalidated. Limois emelianovi, sometimes considered a synonym of emeljanovi, is the correct name for this species, as emeljanovi is simply another transliteration of the personal name Emelianov, Emeljanov or Emel’yanov. The name emelianovi stands correct based on the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature code 32.5. 1, because there is no internal evidence of an inadvertent error, and an incorrect transliteration is not considered an inadvertent error. The cytochrome oxidase I (COI) barcoding regions of both species were sequenced and compared for future reference.
The occurrence of free living amoebae in water

13 INTRODUCTION 15 Problem Definition: 15 LITERATURE REVIEW 17 Free-living amoeba 17 Naegleria fowleri 18 Occurence 19 Life Cycle 22 Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) 23 Exposure and Infection 23 Incidence of illness 27 Symptoms 30 Diagnosis and Treatment 31 Morbidity and Mortality Risk 32 Prevention 33 6