Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“People Who Are Different from You”: Heterosexism in Quebec High School Textbooks

Heterosexism exists throughout Canadian society, but to what degree is it present in classrooms? In this article, I explore this question through content analysis of twenty francophone Quebec secondary ‐ school textbooks, examining how sexuality and relationships are discussed in five different subjects. These texts are persistently and overwhelmingly heterosexist: 95 per cent of pages discussing sexuality or relationships make no reference to same ‐ sex sexuality or same ‐ sex relationships, and 80 per cent of references that do occur appear in a negative context. Heterosexism in textbooks is not an isolated phenomenon, however, but part of a larger process of institutionalised heterosexism and homophobia. Key words: heterosexism, textbooks, content analysis, sexuality, curriculum, gender L’heterosexisme est une donnee omnipresente dans la societe canadienne, mais qu’en est ‐ il dans les ecoles ? Dans cet article, l’auteure aborde cette question en analysant le contenu des manuels scolaires utilises pour cinq matieres distinctes dans vingt ecoles secondaires francophones du Quebec, notamment en ce qui concerne la sexualite et les relations humaines. Ces textes sont tres largement heterosexistes : dans 95 % des pages traitant de sexualite ou de relations, il n’y a aucune reference a la sexualite entre des personnes de meme sexe ou a des relations entre des personnes de meme sexe et 80 % des mentions qui y font reference sont negatives. L’hererosexisme dans les manuels scolaires n’est pas un phenomene isole et s’inscrit dans un vaste processus d’heterosexisme et d’homophobie institutionnalise. Mots cles : analyse de contenu, sexualite, programme scolaire, rapports sociaux entre les sexes.
Human Capital, Rent Seeking, and a Transition from Stagnation to Growth

We present a growth model where agents divide time between rent seeking in the form of resource competition; and working in a human capital sector, interpreted as trade or manufacturing. Rent seeking exerts negative externalities on the productivity of human capital, generating multiple steady states. Adding shocks to the model -- in the form of violence in the rent seeking process, and changes in the size of the contested resource base -- the model can replicate a long phase with stagnant incomes and high levels of rent seeking, interrupted by small failed growth spurts; this is eventually followed by a permanent transition to a sustained growth path where rent seeking vanishes in the limit. We illustrate the workings of the model with simulations and argue that the results, and what drives them, fit with some broad historical facts about growth, rent seeking, and the so-called natural resource curse.
Models of Other-Regarding Preferences and Redistribution

In spite of the increasing popularity of comparative work on other-regarding preferences, the theoretical implications of different models of altruism are not always fully understood. This paper explores different theoretical approaches to altruism and elucidates their implications, paying particular attention to models of redistribution preferences where inequality explicitly triggers altruistic other-regarding motives for redistribution. While the main contribution of the paper is to clarify these theoretical models, we also illustrate the importance of having these distinct implications by analyzing some Western European data to compare among them. We draw on individual-level data from the European Social Survey (ESS) fielded between September 2002 and December 2013.
Selective Collection Quality Index for Municipal Solid Waste Management

Trentino (an Italian Province located in the northern part of the country) is equipped with a management system of municipal solid waste collection at the forefront. Among the most positive aspects, there is a great ability for waste separation at the source and a consequent low production of residual municipal solid waste for disposal. Latest data show a gross efficiency of selective collection that has recently reached 80%, one of the highest values in Italy. This study analyzed the “Trentino system” to identify the main elements that have been at the base of the current efficient model. This provided an opportunity to propose a selective collection quality index (SCQI), including collection efficiency for each fraction, method of collection, quality of the collected materials, presence of the punctual tariff and tourist incidence. A period relevant for the transition of the collection system to the recent one was chosen for the demonstrative adoption of the proposed indicators in order to determine the potential of the index adoption. Results of the analysis of this case study were obtained in a quantitative form thanks to the sub-parameters that characterize the proposed index. This allowed selected collection decision makers to focus intently on a territory to find criticalities to be solved. For instance, the use of the index and its sub-indicators in the case of Trentino identified and comparatively quantified the local problems resulting from the presence of a large museum in a small town, tourism peaks in some valleys, and a delay in the punctual tariff adoption. The index has been proposed with the aim to make available an integrated tool to analyze other areas in Italy and abroad.
HIV risk after release from prison: a pilot case-control study in Canada, France, Ivory Coast and South Africa

This study aimed to assess HIV knowledge, risk perception and risk behaviour of ex-offenders at risk of new infection and to compare them with the general population. A case-control interview study was conducted with conveniently sampled ex-offenders and persons with no history of incarceration in four countries (Canada, France, Ivory Coast, South Africa). The total sample included 232 participants with a mean age of 33.9 years (SD=9.8 years). Results indicate various high HIV risk behaviours including multiple sexual partners, irregular sexual partner, and commercial sexual partner. Other risk factors were unprotected sex at last intercourse with a regular partner, with an irregular partner and with a commercial sexual partner. A history of incarceration did not differentiate risk for infection. Younger age, coming from the Ivory Coast, and higher HIV risk perception were found to be associated with HIV risk behaviour. Prevention efforts should focus on education, promotion of safe sex and substance abuse treatment.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Animal Bite Cases Recorded by Case based Surveillance in Iraq 2012

www.jkmc. uobaghdad.edu. iq 18 Al-kindy College Medical Journal 2020:16 No.1 ABSTRACT Background: Animal bite is one of the public health problems all over the world, especially in poor countries. Animal bites have an impact on human health due to rabies disease, which is a viral transmitted disease from animal to human with a high mortality rate. Objective: To determine the epidemiological characteristics of animal bite cases by person, time, and place. Method: Descriptive cross sectional study was done by reviewing cases caused by animal bites. , Data including the demographic characteristics of age, gender, occupation, site of bite, and attending health institutions searching treatment were all included. Results: There were 11600 animal bite cases. Most of bites caused by stray dogs 11577(99.8%), and the males were more affected than females. The mostly affected site of bite was lower limbs. Babylon and Naniva provinces registered the highest rate of animal bite victims. Conclusion: The study is determining the epidemiological characteristics of animal bite cases by person, time, place and giving an accurate view about the epidemiological importance of the problem in Iraq.
Cost Efficiency, Morishima, Allen-Uzawa and Cross-Price Elasticities Among Irish Potato Farmers in Dedza District, Malawi

Malawi has experienced a forward shift in its demand for Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum) consumption. Given limited resources at farmers’ disposal, meeting the growing demand will require farmers to follow the efficient path of the farm production resources. This paper, therefore, is an attempt to measure the cost efficiency of smallholder Irish potato farmers in Dedza district of Malawi using a translog cost function, inefficiency effect model and input elasticities derived from a system of cost share equations estimated by Iterated Seeming Unrelated Regression method. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select 200 Irish potato farmers in Dedza in 2011 from whom input-output data and their prices were obtained. Results indicate that the mean cost efficiency of Irish potato production in Dedza District is 0.67 with scores ranging between 0.15 and 0.94. The cost efficiency differences are significantly explained by non-farm employment, education, credit access, farm experience, degree of specialization, household size and frequency of weeding. The highest input substitution existed between labour and fertilizer, followed by seed-fertilizer. One policy issue is raised; credit should be extended to Irish potato farmers to enable them purchase farm inputs.
Topological magnetic phase in LaMnO$_3$ ($111$) bilayer

Candidates for correlated topological insulators, originated from the spin-orbit coupling as well as Hubbard type correlation, are expected in the ($111$) bilayer of perovskite-structural transition-metal oxides. Based on the first-principles calculation and tight-binding model, the electronic structure of a LaMnO$_3$ ($111$) bilayer sandwiched in LaScO$_3$ barriers has been investigated. For the ideal undistorted perovskite structure, the Fermi energy of LaMnO$_3$ ($111$) bilayer just stays at the Dirac point, rendering a semi-metal (graphene-like) which is also a half-metal (different from graphene nor previous studied LaNiO$_3$ ($111$) bilayer). The Dirac cone can be opened by the spin-orbit coupling, giving rise to nontrivial topological bands corresponding to the (quantized) anomalous Hall effect. For the realistic orthorhombic distorted lattice, the Dirac point moves with increasing Hubbard repulsion (or equivalent Jahn-Teller distortion). Finally, a Mott gap opens, establishing a phase boundary between the Mott insulator and topological magnetic insulator. Our calculation finds that the gap opened by spin-orbit coupling is much smaller in the orthorhombic distorted lattice ($\sim$$1.7$ meV) than the undistorted one ($\sim$$11$ meV). Therefore, to suppress the lattice distortion can be helpful to enhance the robustness of topological phase in perovskite ($111$) bilayers.
The Impact of Employment Protection Legislation on the Unemployment Rate in Selected OECD Countries

The findings of the existing literature on the relationship between employment protection legislation and the unemployment rate are mixed. This study analyzes the relationship between employment protection legislation measured by the OECD Employment Protection Index and the unemployment rate between 2001 and 2008. After controlling country fixed effects, I find that more stringent employment protection legislation may not be a significant factor for higher a unemployment rate. The estimated model included output gap, government size, openness of the economy, real minimum wages, urbanization rate, population density, population, unemployment benefit generosity, and tax wedge as explanatory variables. I find that the output gap, as a measure of business cycle, and government size are significant factors determining the unemployment rate in selected 15 OECD countries. These findings suggest that employment protection legislation, especially in developed countries, may not be affective policy instrument for policy makers when combating unemployment.
EKSISTENSI PRINSIP PENCEMAR MEMBAYAR DALAM SISTEM PENEGAKAN HUKUM AGRARIA

Law Number 32 of 2009 concern about Environmental Protection and Management does not provide adequate regulation in providing sanctions against perpetrators of pollution, except only providing a legal basis for employers to provide compensation payments to victims of pollution. Therefore it is necessary to know about the position of the Polluter Pays Principle in the Environmental Legal System as Agrarian Reform. The principle of paying polluters who have the function of authorizing should not be formulated in the explanatory section of the article. If following the explanation of Law No. 23 of 1997 concerning Environmental Management, the purpose of the principle of polluter pays, even has many meanings such as paying to pollute or can be interpreted as a license to pollute. As a result of the study of international law, the principle of polluter pays has two meanings, namely as an economic instrument with the intention of charging fees to potential polluters and is also interpreted as a basic instrument to hold legal liability for incidents of environmental pollution.Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup tidak memberikan pengaturan memadai dalam memberikan sanksi terhadap pelaku pencemaran, kecuali hanya memberikan landasan hukum bagi pengusaha untuk memberikan pembayaran kompensasi kepada korban pencemaran. Oleh karena itu perlu mengetahui mengenai kedudukan Prinsip Pencemar Membayar (Polluter Pays Principle) dalam Sistem Hukum Lingkungan Sebagai Reformasi Agraria. Prinsip Pencemar Membayar yang memiliki fungsi mengesahkan seharusnya tidak dirumuskan dalam bagian penjelasan pasal. Jika mengikuti penjelasan Undang-undang No. 23 Tahun 1997 tentang Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, maka maksud Prinsip Pencemar Membayar, bahkan memiliki banyak pemaknaan seperti membayar untuk mencemari (paying to pollute) atau dapat dimaknai sebagai license to pollute. Hasil telaah hukum internasional, prinsip pencemar membayar memiliki dua pemaknaan, yaitu sebagai instrumen ekonomi dengan maksud pembebanan biaya kepada pelaku pencemar yang potensial dan diartikan juga sebagai instrument dasar untuk menuntut pertanggungjawaban hukum atas terjadinya kasus pencemaran lingkungan.
Taxing the Taxpayers: An Empirical Investigation of the Drivers of Baseline Changes in U.S. Federal Government Technology Programs

Problem definition: The U.S. federal government makes significant investments in technology programs to deliver essential services to the public. The execution of a program is monitored against a baseline—an aggregate plan representing the program’s planned budget, schedule and scope. Recent reports suggest that federal technology programs are re-baselined multiple times, resulting in additional spending of taxpayer money. Although a program’s scope has often been considered a driver of baseline changes, we have a limited understanding of the execution factors that may affect this relationship. Academic/Practical Relevance: With increasing bipartisan scrutiny of federal spending in technology programs and continuing debate in the media about their execution, a nuanced understanding of the drivers of baseline changes in federal technology programs is a critical and contemporary line of inquiry relevant to both policymakers and managers. Our study also responds to recent calls in the operations management literature for research on public sector operations. Methodology: The study sample comprises detailed archival data on 240 U.S. federal government technology programs across 24 federal agencies. We estimate a negative binomial regression specification that accounts for agency fixed effects and several program-specific characteristics to test four hypotheses on the interrelationships between a program’s scope, granularity, management competency, execution methodology and baseline changes. Results: The results indicate that program scope is positively associated with the number of baseline changes. However, increasing levels of program granularity and program management competency attenuate this positive relationship. Additional analysis highlights the significant savings in taxpayer contributions that can occur by reducing baseline changes in programs of greater scope through an increase in the levels of program granularity and program management competency. Managerial Implications: The study results emphasize the need for federal agencies to invest greater efforts in granularizing a program and in identifying managers with high levels of program management competency when program scope is high, as such efforts can translate into a reduction in the number of baseline changes. The results also highlight the role of number of baseline changes as a valuable in-process metric for program managers and federal agencies to monitor the execution of federal technology programs and identify programs with greater potential. for experiencing cost overruns.
Inducible knock-down of GNOM during root formation reveals tissue-specific response to auxin transport and its modulation of local auxin biosynthesis

In plants, active transport of auxin plays an essential role in root development. Localization of the PIN1 auxin transporters to the basal membrane of cells directs auxin flow and depends on the trafficking mediator GNOM. GNOMdependent auxin transport is vital for root development and thus offers a useful tool for the investigation of a possible tissue-specific response to dynamic auxin transport. To avoid pleiotropic effects, DEX-inducible expression of GNOM antisense RNA was used to disrupt GNOM expression transiently or persistently during embryonic root development. It was found that the elongation zone and the pericycle layer are the most sensitive to GNOM-dependent auxin transport variations, which is shown by the phenotypes in cell elongation and the initiation of lateral root primordia, respectively. This suggests that auxin dynamics is critical to cell differentiation and cell fate transition, but not to cell division. The results also reveal that GNOM-dependent auxin transport could affect local auxin biosynthesis. This suggests that local auxin biosynthesis may also contribute to the establishment of GNOM-dependent auxin gradients in specific tissues, and that auxin transport and local auxin biosynthesis may function together in the regulatory network for initiation and development of lateral root primordia. Thus, the data reveal a tissue-specific response to auxin transport and modulation of local auxin biosynthesis by auxin transport.
Sentiments That Affect Sociopolitical Legitimation of TNCs in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan: Sustainable Strategic Management From an Institutional Perspective

The study focuses on TNCs’ sociopolitical legitimation in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan with a view to ensuring sustainability in the greater institutional context. Taking an institutional perspective as a theoretical lens, using a grounded theory methodology, and employing nine cases as a methodological tool, the study explores and conceptualizes three types of sentiments. They are abbreviated as “REN-sentiments,” and cause tensions between TNCs and sociopolitical actors in the process of legitimation. The REN-sentiments comprise “religiosity and ideology,“”nationalism and patriotism,” and “ecological balance,” and suggest that tensions stemming from these sentiments can be managed and often turned into opportunities if appropriate strategies are applied. Eight types of strategic choices derived from the nine case studies are presented in order to mitigate, manage, and cash in on the REN-sentiments in South Asian markets. Such strategies include collaboration strategy, local development strategy, strategy of alignment with sociopolitical actors, local name and staffing strategy, hibernation strategy, sentiment-focused strategy, isomorphism strategy, and openness strategy.
Effect of Leadership Style of CEO on Self-leadership and Organizational Effectiveness

This research recognizes the importance of the study on leadership for the management of enterprises. Among the financial institutes, the employees at the banks were targeted in this study to empirically analyze the effects of superiors’ leadership (transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and servant leadership) on the subordinates’ self-leadership and organizational effectiveness (organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior). In particular, this study analyzed the influencing relationship between the superior’s leadership style and the subordinates’ self-leadership, to identify the leadership style most suitable for enhancing the subordinates’ self-leadership and to further determine if it can lead to the enhancement of organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. The employees at approximately 50 branches of domestic large corporate banks located in Seoul and Gyeonggi area were targeted, and the survey was conducted in the form of self-response questionnaire. The statistical analysis was conducted on a total of 338 valid data by using structural equation modeling analysis. The result of the analysis was as follows. The transformational and servant leadership of the superior had a positive effect on the self-leadership of the subordinate, and transactional leadership did not show a significant effect. Furthermore, self-leadership was shown to have a positive effect on organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. 요 약 본 연구는 기업 경영에서 리더십 연구의 중요성을 이해하고 금융업 중, 은행 종사자를 대상으로 상사의 리더십(변혁 적, 거래적, 서번트)이 부하의 셀프리더십과 조직유효성(조직몰입, 조직시민행동)에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 특히 본 연구는 상사의 리더십 유형과 부하의 셀프리더십 영향관계를 분석하여 부하의 셀프리더십을 향상 시키 는 적합한 상사의 리더십 유형이 무엇인지를 밝히고자 하였으며, 이를 통해 조직몰입과 조직시민행동을 높일 수 있는지를 규명하고자 하였다. 따라서 국내 서울/경기지역에 위치한 대기업 은행의 약 50여개 영업점 직원들을 대상으로 자기 응답형식 방법으로 설문조사를 진행하였고, 유효한 338명의 데이터를 바탕으로 구조방정식 모형 분석으로 통계분석을 실시하였으며, 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 상사의 변혁적, 서번트 리더십은 부하의 셀프리더십에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 거래적 리더십은 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 셀프리더십은 조직몰입과 조직시민행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있음이 확인되었다. 이에 본 연구는 다양하고 복잡한 은행 업무환경에서 조직구성원들을 하나로 융합시키고 셀프리더십을 높일 수 있는 상사의 리더십 유형을 실증적으로 규명하였다는 것에 연구의의가 있다고 할 수 있다.
High-accuracy power spectra including baryonic physics in dynamical Dark Energy models

The next generation mass probes will obtain information on non-linear power spectra P(k, z) and their evolution, allowing us to investigate the nature of Dark Energy. To exploit such data we need high-precision simulations, extending at least up to scales of k ≃ 10h Mpc -1 , where the effects of baryons can no longer be neglected. In this paper, we present a series of large scale hydrodynamical simulations for ACDM and dynamical Dark Energy (dDE) models, in which the equation of state parameter is z dependent. The simulations include gas cooling, star formation and Supernovae feedback. They closely approximate the observed star formation rate and the observationally derived star/Dark Matter mass ratio in collapsed systems. Baryon dynamics cause spectral shifts exceeding 1 per cent at k > 2-3 h Mpc -1 compared to pure N-body simulations in the ACDM simulations. This agrees with previous studies, although we find a smaller effect (~50 per cent) on the power spectrum amplitude at higher k values. dDE exhibits similar behaviour, even though the dDE simulations produce ~20 per cent less stars than the analogous ACDM cosmologies. Finally, we show that the technique introduced in Casarini et al. to obtain spectra for any w(z) cosmology from constant-w models at any redshift still holds when gas physics is taken into account. While this relieves the need to explore the entire functional space of DE state equations, we illustrate a severe risk that future data analysis could lead to misinterpretation of the DE state equation.