Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PhyloBayes: Bayesian Phylogenetics Using Site-heterogeneous Models

PhyloBayes is a software program for Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction. Compared to other programs, its main distinguishing feature is the implementation of the CAT model, which accounts for ﬁne-grained variation across sites in amino acid preferences using a Bayesian non-parametric approach. This chapter provides a detailed step-by-step practical introduction to phylogenetic analyses using PhyloBayes, using as an example a previously published dataset addressing the phylogenetic position of Microsporidia within eukaryotes. Through this historically emblematic case of a long-branch attraction artifact, a complete analysis under site-homogeneous and site-heterogeneous models is conducted and interpreted, thus providing an illustration of why modeling pattern variation is so fundamental for reconstructing deep phylogenies.
Impacts of Mentor’s Strategic Communication on Adjustment Problems among Adolescents

Introduction: Adolescence is the period of rapid changes in physical and mental state. Rapid storm of physiological changes brigs a great deal of stress and adjustment difficulties. It represents one of the critical transitions in the life span with a wide range of adjustment and mental health problems. The present study is aimed to assess the impact of Mentor’s Strategic Communication on adjustment problems among adolescents. Methodology: A quasi experimental non-equivalent control group design was chosen to assess the impact of Mentor’s Strategic Communication by using Self developed Adjustment Inventory among 60 adolescents (30 each experimental and control group) with mild and moderate adjustment problems at selected schools, Kerala. The Samples were selected based on simple random sampling. Appropriate descriptive & inferential statistics was applied to compute the results. Results: Finding reveals that out of 30 students, 70% reported moderate adjustment problems while 30% were in mild adjustment issues in experimental group. There was a significant difference for adjustment problems among experimental and control group after Mentor’s strategic communication (p<0.001). Further, number of siblings (p<0.032) and education status of father (p<0.008) found significant association to adjustment problems among schools going adolescents. Conclusion: The results of the study revealed that majority of adolescents face adjustment problems and Mentor’s strategic communication had significant impact on improvement in adjustment problems. A planned and timely infusion of mentorship strategy may help them to deal with their day to day adjustment problems and help them to focus in studies in a better way.
Bos indicus associated alleles in Anatolian cattle breeds support zebu introgression into Near east

In the last decades, molecular genetics have become very important to understand the location, timing and expansion of domestication events. A large number of datasets have become available with the use of microsatellite, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), Y-chro mo some and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) analyses (bruford et al., 2003). Also in recent years, ancient DNA studies have begun to provide new insights into the history of livestock animals (troy et al., 2001; Edwards et al., 2007a; Singh et al., 2011). Most livestock domestication events are conside r ed to have occurred at around the same time, around 8000-11000 years before Present (bP). the archaeological data suggest the principal areas of livestock domestication as Southwest Asia (the Fertile Crescent and its eastern margin, towards the Indus valley), East Asia, as well as Northern and Central Africa and the Andean chain of South America. these regions are thought to have more appropriate climatic conditions for the beginning of domestication in the early Ho locene (Gupta, 2004). Cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and buffalo were domesticated in two Asian regions, while llamas and alpacas were domesticated in South America. the horse differs from other species with its origin, whose domestication is thought to be through Journal of Biological Research-Thessaloniki 19: 131 – 138, 2013 J. Biol. Res.-Thessalon. is available online at http://www.jbr. gr Indexed in: WoS (Web of Science, ISI thomson), SCOPUS, CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service) and DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals)
DNDNet: Reconfiguring CNN for Adversarial Robustness

Several successful adversarial attacks have demonstrated the vulnerabilities of deep learning algorithms. These attacks are detrimental in building deep learning based dependable AI applications. Therefore, it is imperative to build a defense mechanism to protect the integrity of deep learning models. In this paper, we present a novel "defense layer" in a network which aims to block the generation of adversarial noise and prevents an adversarial attack in black-box and gray-box settings. The parameter-free defense layer, when applied to any convolutional network, helps in achieving protection against attacks such as FGSM, L2, Elastic-Net, and DeepFool. Experiments are performed with different CNN architectures, including VGG, ResNet, and DenseNet, on three databases, namely, MNIST, CIFAR-10, and PaSC. The results showcase the efficacy of the proposed defense layer without adding any computational overhead. For example, on the CIFAR-10 database, while the attack can reduce the accuracy of the ResNet-50 model to as low as 6.3%, the proposed "defense layer" retains the original accuracy of 81.32%.
Discussing the Relationships between Servicescape, Trust and Customers’ Choice of Restaurant in Taiwan

While literature focusing on the constructs of the environmental factors of servicescape and trust are relatively common in Western countries, the empirical studies which focus on the Chinese context of the restaurant service sector are rather limited and need to be expanded. The purpose of this study is to fill in some of this gap in research by analysing the relationships between servicescape, trust and customers’ choice of restaurant within the Chinese cultural society in Taiwan. This study concludes that trust has a very strong positive association for customers’ choice of restaurant in Taiwan. On the other hand, although empirical findings have shown that servicescape is a very important factor in affecting customers’ intentions and purchasing behaviour, this study reveals that servicescape is not an important element for customers’ choice of small Chinese restaurants in Taiwan. Consequently, this study suggests that for different customers from different countries with different eating cultures, the servicescape elements may not apply to all of these customers.
Strong convergence theorems for mixed type asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in hyperbolic spaces

In this paper, we prove strong convergence theorems for mixed type asymptotically nonexpansive self and nonself mappings namely S1,S2 and T1,T2 respectively on a uniformly convex Hyperbolic space (X,d,H), Using a two step iterative scheme as follows: xn+1 = P(H(Sn 1xn,T1(PT1) yn,αn)) yn = P(H(Sn 2xn,T2(PT2) xn,βn)) where {αn} and {βn} are real sequences in [0,1) and P is a projection on X .
Deletional Alpha-Thalassemia Alleles in Amazon Blood Donors

Alpha-thalassemia is highly prevalent in the plural society of Brazil and is a public health problem. There is limited knowledge on its accurate frequency and distribution in the Amazon region. Knowing the frequency of thalassemia and the prevalence of responsible mutations is, therefore, an important step in the understanding and control program. Hematological and molecular data, in addition to serum iron and serum ferritin, from 989 unrelated first-time blood donors from Amazonas Hemotherapy and Hematology Foundation (FHEMOAM) were collected. In this study, the subjects were screened for −α3.7/4.2/20.5, −SEA, −FIL, and −MED deletions. Alpha-thalassemia screening was carried out between 2016 and 2017 among 714 (72.1%) male and 275 (27.9%) female donors. The aims of this analysis were to describe the distribution of various alpha-thalassemia alleles by gender, along with their genotypic interactions, and to illustrate the hematological changes associated with each phenotype. Amongst the patients, 5.35% (n = 53) were diagnosed with deletion –α−3.7 and only one donor with α−4.2 deletion. From the individuals with –α−3.7, 85.8% (n = 46) were heterozygous and 14.20% (n = 7) were homozygous. The frequency of the –α−3.7 deletion was higher in male (5.89%) than in female (4.0%). There is no significant difference in the distribution of –α−3.7 by gender (p = 0.217). The –α20.5, −SEA, and −MED deletions were not found. All subjects were analyzed for serum iron and serum ferritin, with 1.04% being iron deficient (n = 5) and none with very high levels of stored iron (>220 µg/dL). Alpha-thalassemia-23.7kb deletion was the most common allele detected in Manaus blood donors, which is a consistent result, once it is the most common type of α-thalassemia found throughout the world. As expected, the mean of hematological data was significantly lower in alpha-thalassemia carriers (p < 0.001), mainly homozygous genotype. Leukocytes and platelet count did not differ significantly. Due to the small number of individuals with iron deficiency found among blood donors, the differential diagnosis between the two types of anemia was not possible, even because minor changes were found among hematological parameters with iron deficiency and α-thalassemia. Despite this, the study showed the values of hematological parameters, especially MCV and MCH, are lower in donors with iron deficiency, especially when associated with α-thalassemia, and therefore, it may be useful to discriminate different types of microcytic anaemia. In conclusion, we believed screening for thalassemia trait should be included as part of a standard blood testing before blood donation. It should be noted that this was the first study to perform the screening for alpha deletions in blood donors from the Manaus region, and further studies are required to look at the effects of donated thalassemic blood.
The infidelities of summary statistics

The briefest glimpse of some scene can suffice to allow the extraction of a scene’s overall character. That brief glimpse produces a compressed, prototype representation of the scene, that is, its gist. Many studies have provided evidence for the remarkable accuracy of such compressed/prototype representations, but few have explored factors that control the emergence of such representations, or possibly distort the products. We addressed these questions by using small arrays of luminances. We focused on how clustering or repeating items impact perception of an array. The results showed that repetitions lowered estimation errors, though the mean of the array continued to strongly predict responses. The data suggest that subjects may capitalize on informational redundancy and emergent structure in computing summary representations. The implications for theoretical accounts of ensemble coding are discussed.
Vegetative propagation in Karanja (Pongamia pinnata L.)

The present study reports fast multiplication of Pongamia pinnata through vegative propagation to produce desirable genetically identical individuals. Stem cuttings with varying thickness viz., <1cm, 1-1.5cm and >1.5cm were treated with different concentrations (50,100,200,400,600,800 and 1000ppm) of auxins (IBA and NAA) along with distilled water (control). IBA and NAA at 800ppm showed the best result compared to other treatments. IBA treatment responded better as compared to NAA. Supra optimal level of auxins treatment causing reduction in rooting.
Specialist Nurses’ Role Domains and Competencies in Specialised Medical Healthcare: A Qualitative Descriptive Study

Background: Specialist nurse roles have existed in many countri es for decades. What is meant by specialist nurse and what competencies they have is, however, unclear. Aim: To describe specialist nurses’ role, domains of pr actice and competencies in specialist medical healt c re. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted in N ovember 2015. Data collection methods included individual nurse manager interviews and analysis of pecialist nurses’ work description sheets. Qualit ative data was analysed using qualitative content analysis met hod and descriptive statistics were used to describ e quantitative data. Standards for Reporting Qualitat ive Research -checklist was used to ensure the qual ity of reporting the results. Results: Specialist nurses constitute ten percent of the nu rsi g workforce of the organisation in the study. T hey have advanced knowledge and skills and additional e ducation beyond to that of a registered nurse. Thei r domains of practice include expert speciality nursi ng, staff and patient education, consultation with multidisciplinary teams, developing nursing practic e and interdisciplinary teamwork. Several competenc ies enable specialist nurses to master the domains of t heir role. Conclusion: This study clarifies and describes specialist nurs es’ role, practice domains and core competencies in specialist medical healthcare. The role definiti o provided may contribute towards new conceptualis ations of specialist nursing practice and differentiation of the role from generalist and advanced nursing roles .
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRANSACTION COSTS OF EXTERNAL FINANCING AND DIVIDEND POLICY: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA

The presence of transaction costs calls for the emphasis to be given to residual dividend policy, a policy that attempts to minimise transaction costs of external financing by accommodating capital expenditure financing requirement in companies’ dividend policy. In Malaysia, dividend increases are often perceived positively, regardless of the company’s requirement for funding future capital expenditure, and hence the extent of the influence of transaction costs on dividend policy is questionable. This study, therefore, was undertaken to examine this issue by investigating the relationship between dividend payout ratio and various proxies for transaction costs. The study found that standard deviation of return is negatively and statistically significant in influencing DPR, which indicates that consideration has been given to transaction costs since riskier companies tend to face higher transaction costs. The insignificance of other variables, however, implies that either these variables have little influence on transaction costs or that less emphasis is given by Malaysian companies in general to transaction costs relative to other factors in dividend decision-making.
Umbilical Cord Care Knowledge and Practices of Mothers attending Selected Primary Health Care Centres in Ibadan, Ni geria

Background: Poor umbilical cord care (UCC) practices have been linked with infections and mortality in newborns. Some mothers use multiple agents in umbilical cord care. It is imperative to assess the knowledge of U CC and its practices among women at the lowest level of care. Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional design. Mult istage sampling technique was used to select 414 mo therbaby pairs (dyad) attending infant welfare clinics in the selected Primary Health Centres (PHCs). Data w s collected using structured validated questionnaire after obta ining ethical approval and informed consent. Descri ptive statistics were used for analysis of data and hypotheses were test d using chi-square statistic at p=0.05. Results: One hundred and ninety nine (48.1%) of the respond ents had a good level of knowledge of appropriate UCC, 254(61.4%) respondents practiced good cord car e. Even though most (95.7%) mothers used methylated spirit to clean the cord, quite a number, 270(65.5%) appli ed mentholated balm to the umbilicus. Above 60% of th se who received information on UCC had good practice compa red to those that did not (p=0.04). Also, 125(62.8% ) of the respondents with good knowledge of UCC had good cor a e practices compared to 74(37.2) with poor pra ctices. Respondents’ knowledge of UCC was not significantly associated with their cord care practices. Conclusion: Gaps were observed in both knowledge and practices of umbilical cord care among the mothers attending primary health care centres. Strategies need to be instituted by health care wor kers to improve knowledge of umbilical cord care and inappropriate practices should be strongly discouraged.
On symmetric 3-wise intersecting families

A family of sets is said to be symmetric if its automorphism group is transitive, and $3$-wise intersecting if any three sets in the family have nonempty intersection. Frankl conjectured in 1981 that if $\mathcal{A}$ is a symmetric $3$-wise intersecting family of subsets of $\{1,2,\dots,n\}$, then $|\mathcal{A}| = o(2^n)$. Here, we give a short proof of Frankl's conjecture using a 'sharp threshold' result of Friedgut and Kalai.
Exchange Rate Pass-Through in the Euro Area and EU Countries

Aggregate exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) to import and consumer prices in the EU is currently lower than it was in the 1990s and is non-linear. Low estimated aggregate ERPT to consumer prices does not at all mean that exchange rate movements do not have an impact on inflation, as aggregate rules of thumb mask substantial heterogeneities across countries, industries and time periods owing to structural, cyclical and policy factors. Looking also at new micro evidence, four key structural characteristics explain ERPT across industries or sectors: (i) import content of consumption, (ii) share of imports invoiced in own currency or in a third dominant currency, (iii) integration of a country and its trading partners in global value chains, and (iv) market power. In the existing literature there is also a robust evidence across models showing that each shock which causes the exchange rate to move has a different price response, meaning that the combination of shocks that lies behind the cycle at any point in time has an impact on ERPT. Finally, monetary policy itself affects ERPT. Credible and aggressive monetary policy reduces the observed ex post ERPT, as agents expect monetary policy to counteract deviations of inflation from target, including those relating to exchange rate fluctuations. Moreover, under the effective lower bound, credible non-standard monetary policy actions result in greater ERPT to consumer prices. This paper recommends moving away from rule-of-thumb estimates and instead using structural models with sufficient feedback loops, taking into account the role of expectations and monetary policy reactions, to assess the impact of exchange rate changes when forecasting inflation.
Comparison of static and electromagnetic field effects on redox system of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) seedlings

The effects of magnetic fields (MF) on germination and early growth parameters, redox state and the activity of antioxidant system were investigated in soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) seedlings. The seeds were imbibed in water and then were exposed to a 30 mT static magnetic field (SMF) and a 10 kHz electromagnetic field (EMF) for 4 days, each 5 h. Water uptake of seeds increased after 40 and 120 minutes of the treatment with MF. In comparison with the control group, exposure to EMF significantly increased germination percent of the seeds and vigor index I, II of seedlings while SMF significantly increased vigor index II but had no effect on seed germination. The ratio of fresh weight to dry weight and ferritin content of both MF-treated groups was significantly higher than those of the control group. Treatment with EMF improved radical scavenging capacity of seedlings and reduced membrane leakages. Exposure to MF also protected seedlings from the risk of increase of internal calcium content. The results provide us with a new approach for application of magnetic fields in order to promote growth of strategic crops.
Transmission of Indian citrus decline by Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio), the vector of South African greening.

Two ps$lid vectors of greening are known. In Africa the disease agent is transmitted by Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio) (McClean and Oberholzer, 1965), while in India, China, and southeast Asia the vector is the oriental psylla, Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama) (Capoor et al., 1967). Two forms of greening have been characterized (Bove' et al., 1974). One is heat sensitive (no symptoms above 27 to 32" C); it is the form present in South Africa. The other form is heat tolerant (good symptoms at 30 to 3S°C) and is prevalent in India (citrus decline), Taiwan (likubin), the Philippines (leaf mottling), and China (yellow shoot). The Asian, heat-tolerant form of the disease is much more destructive than the heat-sensitive, African form.
A New Characterization of Symmetric H+-Tensors And Applications In Polynomial Optimization

In this work, we present a new characterization of symmetric H + -tensors. It has been proved that a symmetric tensor is a H + -tensor if and only if it is a generalized diagonally dominant tensor with nonnegative diagonal elements. By exploring the diagonal dominance property, a new necessary and suﬃcient condition of symmetric H + -tensors are provided. Based on the condition, we propose a new method that allows to check if a tensor is a symmetric H + -tensor in polynomial time. Furthermore, we show how this result can be used to obtain alternative solution approaches for ﬁnding the minimum of a polynomial that do no require the use of sum of squares (SOS) polynomials.
S3 Text Individual-based Simulations

To test the plausibility of our estimates of μ and s, we performed individual-based simulations of a likely demographic scenario prior to admixture between Neanderthals and modern humans. Specifically, we assumed that two diploid populations of constant size Nn (Neanderthals) and Nh (modern humans) split from their common ancestral population of size Na at time 0. These two populations were then simulated forward in time in complete isolation over TD non-overlapping generations. In each population we simulated a single biallelic locus with alleles A and a such that the fitness of genotypes AA, Aa, and aa is 1, 1− s, and (1− s). Each generation, we draw two parents of each offspring individual at random and with probability proportional to their fitness. Selection in our model is soft, therefore population size is constant each generation. Mutations between a and A and vice versa were assumed to occur at rate u per site and generation. We implemented this by introducing a mutation at frequency 1/(2N) with probability 2Nu per generation, where N is the absolute number of individuals in the respective population (Nn for Neanderthals and Nh for modern humans). We assumed that allele frequencies in the ancestral population had reached drift–mutation– selection equilibrium prior to the split. Both the Neanderthal and modern human population were therefore initialized by drawing the frequency of allele a from the diffusion approximation to the respective stationary allele-frequency distribution. Specifically, for each run, the probability that the locus is polymorphic in the ancestral population is equal to the probability that a is