Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-Reported versus Actual Alcohol-Related Communication on Instagram: Exploring the Gap

ABSTRACT Numerous studies have highlighted the relation between drinking behavior and alcohol references on social media. However, most studies on substance-use-related social media effects rely on self-report data, and it remains unclear whether individuals can accurately report their online alcohol-related communication. This study contributes to this line of research by examining whether individuals accurately report their alcohol-related self-sharing behavior on social media and what factors contribute to a misestimation of this behavior. A sample of 149 Belgian college students (64.3% females, Mage = 21.33, SD = 1.49) participated in this study, who were asked survey questions on their general and alcohol-related social media use. In addition, all posts they shared on their Instagram profiles between April 1st, 2019, and March 31st, 2020, were captured and coded. The results indicated a positive association between the counted and self-reported frequencies of sharing alcohol posts on Instagram. However, most participants overestimated how often they shared this content. The perceived injunctive norms and sharing alcohol posts for entertainment motives were the only significant predictors of this overestimation. We conclude that this overestimation may be a result of subtle social desirability processes and a misremembrance of what has been shared.
Bone remodelling patterns around orthodontic mini-implants migrating in bone: an experimental study in rat vertebrae

Summary Background Orthodontic implant migration has been clinically observed in presence of continuous loading forces. Recent studies indicate that osteocytes play a crucial role in this phenomenon. Objectives Aim of this study was to investigate local osteocytic gene expression, protein expression, and bone micro-structure in peri-implant regions of pressure and tension. Material and methods The present work reports a complementary analysis to a previous micro-computed tomography study. Two customized mini-implants were placed in one caudal rat vertebra and connected by a nickel–titanium contraction spring generating different forces (i.e. 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 N). Either at 2 or 8 weeks, the vertebrae were harvested and utilized for 1. osteocytic gene expression using laser capture micro-dissection on frozen sections coupled with qPCR, 2. haematoxylin–eosin staining for qualitative and quantitative analyses, 3. immunofluorescence staining and analysis, and 4. bone-to-implant contact on undecalcified samples. Results At the two time points for all the performed analyses no significant differences were observed with respect to the applied force magnitudes and cell harvesting localization. However, descriptive histological analysis revealed remarkable bone remodelling at 2 weeks of loading. At 8 weeks the implants were osseointegrated and, especially in 1.0 and 1.5 N groups, newly formed bone presented a characteristic load bearing architecture with trabecula oriented in the direction of the loading. Conclusions The present study confirmed that stress-induced bone remodelling is the biological mechanism of orthodontic implant migration. Bone apposition was found at ‘tension’ and ‘pressure’ sites thus limiting implant migration over time.
Role of the regulation of cell lipid composition and membrane structure in the antitumor effect of 2-hydroxyoleic acid

espanolResumen El acido 2-hidroxioleico (2OHOA) es un farmaco antitumoral disenado para regular la estructura y composicion de los lipidos de membrana y la funcion de importantes proteinas de membrana. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue estudiar como el 2OHOA modula la composicion lipidica y la estructura de membrana en las celulas tumorales. Se observo que el 2OHOA indujo profundas alteraciones en el contenido de fosfolipidos, aumentando el contenido de esfingomielina y disminuyendo el contenido de fosfatidiletanolamina y fosfatidilcolina. Este efecto fue especifico contra las celulas cancerosas, ya que el tratamiento no afecto la composicion lipidica de las celulas no tumorales MRC-5 de fibroblastos humanos. El aumento de SM se debio a una activacion rapida y especifica de las SM sintasas. Como consecuencia de la activacion sostenida de la SMS, todo el metabolismo de los esfingolipidos se vio afectado. Finalmente, se evaluo el impacto de todos estos cambios sobre las propiedades biofisicas de membrana mediante espectroscopia de fluorescencia. EnglishAbstract 2-Hydroxyoleic acid (2OHOA) is a potent antitumor drug that was designed to regulate membrane lipid composition and structure and the function of important membrane proteins. The main goal of this work was to study how 2OHOA modulates the membrane lipid composition and structure of tumor cells. 2OHOA induced dramatic alterations in phospholipid content, increasing sphingomyelin mass, and decreasing phosphatidyl-ethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. This effect was specific against cancer cells as it did not affect non-tumor MRC-5 cells. The increased SM mass was due to a rapid and highly specific activation of SM synthases. As a consequence of the sustained activation of SMS, the whole sphingolipid metabolism was affected. Then, the impact of all these changes on membrane biophysical properties was evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy
Interaction analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis between the host environment and highly mutated genes from population genetic structure comparison

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract We aimed to investigate the genetic and demographic differences and interactions between areas where observed genomic variations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) were distributed uniformly in cold and hot spots. The cold and hot spot areas were identified using the reported incidence of TB over the previous 5 years. Whole genome sequencing was performed on 291 M. tb isolates between January and June 2018. Analysis of molecular variance and a multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) model was applied to test gene-gene-environment interactions. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed to test the extent to which genetic mutation affects the TB epidemic using a multivariate logistic regression model. The percentage of the Beijing family strain in hot spots was significantly higher than that in cold spots (64.63% vs 50.69%, P = .022), among the elderly, people with a low BMI, and those having a history of contact with a TB patient (all P < .05). Individuals from cold spot areas had a higher frequency of out-of-town traveling (P < .05). The mutation of Rv1186c, Rv3900c, Rv1508c, Rv0210, and an Intergenic Region (SNP site: 3847237) showed a significant difference between cold and hot spots. (P < .001). The MDR model displayed a clear negative interaction effect of age groups with BMI (interaction entropy: −3.55%) and mutation of Rv0210 (interaction entropy: −2.39%). Through the mutations of Rv0210 and BMI had a low independent effect (interaction entropy: −1.46%). Our data suggests a statistically significant role of age, BMI and the polymorphisms of Rv0210 genes in the transmission and development of M. tb. The results provide clues for the study of susceptibility genes of M. tb in different populations. The characteristic strains showed a local epidemic. Strengthening genotype monitoring of strains in various regions can be used as an early warning signal of epidemic spillover.
The breastfeeding experiences of COVID‐19‐positive women: A qualitative study in Turkey

Abstract Aim The aim of the study was to determine the breastfeeding experiences of COVID‐19‐positive women. Methods This was a qualitative study of 14 women diagnosed with COVID‐19. One‐to‐one telephone interviews were conducted and recorded. The data were analyzed thematically. Results Three main themes were identified. Theme 1 was “increased emotional load,” outlining the emotional effects of the disease in the women, such as feeling sad and inadequate, in addition to anxiety and fear. Theme 2 was “breastfeeding during the disease,” which illustrated the effects of the treatment process on the women, the disease‐related symptoms, their influence on breastfeeding attitudes and behavior, and the effects of social media and television. Theme 3 was “perceived social support and need,” defining the social support perceived and expected by the women during isolation with needs. Conclusion Women who could not get the professional support they expected had to face the difficult choice between taking medical treatment and breastfeeding. Many women refused drug treatment for COVID‐19 and continued to breastfeed with all the resultant emotional and physical difficulties, as they believed in the benefits of mother's milk. The experiences of the women were discussed with an approach that enabled developing health care services further. It was concluded that Turkish health care professionals need to develop an evidence‐based and female‐centered approach for COVID‐19 management in breastfeeding women.
Evaluation of variation in background nitrous oxide emissions: A new global synthesis integrating the impacts of climate, soil, and management conditions

Robust global simulation of soil background N2O emissions (BNEs) is a challenge due to the lack of a comprehensive system for quantification of the variations in their magnitude and location. We mapped global BNEs based on 1353 field observations from globally distributed sites and high‐resolution climate and soil data. We then calculated global and national total BNE budgets and compared them to the IPCC‐estimated values. The average BNE was 1.10, 0.92, and 0.84 kg N ha−1 year−1 with variations from 0.18 to 3.47 (5th–95th percentile, hereafter), 0.20 to 3.44, and −1.16 to 3.70 kg N ha−1 year−1 for cropland, forestland, and grassland, respectively. Soil pH, soil N mineralization, atmospheric N deposition, soil volumetric water content, and soil temperature were the principle significant drivers of BNEs. The total BNEs of three land use types was lower than IPCC‐estimated total BNEs by 0.83 Tg (1012 g) N year−1, ranging from −47% to 94% across countries. The estimated BNE with cropland values were slightly higher than the IPCC estimates by 0.11 Tg N year−1, and forestland and grassland lower than the IPCC estimates by 0.4 and 0.54 Tg N year−1, respectively. Our study underlined the necessity for detailed estimation of the spatial distribution of BNEs to improve the estimates of global N2O emissions and enable the establishment of more realistic and effective mitigation measures.
Under Pressure: A Microfluidic Chip for Prolonged, Anesthetic-Free Imaging of Neuronal Mitostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans

Highlighted Research Paper: Tracking Mitochondrial Density and Positioning along a Growing Neuronal Process in Individual C. elegans Neuron Using a Long-Term Growth and Imaging Microfluidic Device by Sudip Mondal, Jyoti Dubey, Anjali Awasthi, Guruprasad Reddy Sure, Amruta Vasudevan, and Sandhya P. Koushika.
Obesity and mortality among endometrial cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Excess body fat is a major risk factor for endometrial cancer incidence, but its impact on recurrence and survival remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to assess the association between excess body fat with recurrence, cancer‐specific, and all‐cause mortality among endometrial cancer survivors. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases up to July 2021. Risk of bias was assessed with the Ottawa Newcastle Scale. Random effects models estimated pooled hazard ratios for the main associations between body mass index (BMI) and survival outcomes and stratified by endometrial cancer type. Potential heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated with sensitivity analyses, funnel plots, and Egger's test. Forty‐six studies were included, of which 45 estimated body fat with BMI and six used direct waist circumference measures or CT/MRI scans. Higher BMI (≥30 kg/m2) was associated with increased all‐cause mortality (HR = 1.34, 95%CI = 1.12–1.59) and recurrence (HR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.06–1.56). In sub‐group analysis, associations between higher BMI and all‐cause mortality were observed for both Types I and II survivors, while recurrence associations were only significant among Type I cases. Obesity at endometrial cancer diagnosis was associated with increased cancer recurrence and all‐cause mortality among endometrial cancer survivors but not endometrial cancer‐specific mortality.
A 28-Day Challenge to Help Quit Smoking Using Telephone Follow-Ups Combined With the WeChat App

Abstract The study aims to assess the effectiveness of telephone follow-ups combined with a smartphone app (e.g., WeChat [Tencent], which is one of the most widely used communication apps in China), as a smoking cessation intervention. Social volunteers were recruited on March 1, 2017, and randomized to supervision groups with five participants in each group. Every day, the specialists shared some information related to smoking cessation including the videos, songs, and scientific knowledge in WeChat groups and conducted telephone follow-ups on the third, fifth, seventh, ninth, 12th, 17th, 22nd, 27th, and 30th day in March and on April 1. Ultimately, a comparison was made of the self-reported smoking abstinence and self-reported average number of cigarettes smoked between the participants. One hundred ten volunteers participated in the study, with 105 who completed follow-up. Self-reported smoking abstinence in the past 7 days occurred in 65.7% of the participants (n = 69) compared with 34.3% (n = 36) in whom smoking abstinence did not occur. The mean age of those who failed was 40.15 years (range: 22–70 years), and 55.5% (n = 20) attributed their failure to personal reasons. However, the self-reported average number of cigarettes smoked every day was less than that before the study (on average, 10.34 ± 8.17 per day), and this difference was statistically significant (95% CI [8.312, 12.364], p < .01). It was effective to deliver a telephone follow-up combined with a smartphone app follow-up as an intervention for smoking cessation.
The Clinical Role and Activity of Advanced Clinicians in the Out-of-Hospital Environment

Abstract Objective: Recent evolution of the EMS system has resulted in an increased role for specially trained advanced clinicians (physicians, physician assistants, and registered nurses) in out-of-hospital field response. Despite this expansion into the out-of-hospital environment there is a lack of data regarding the actual clinical roles and activity of these clinicians in the United States. We seek to describe the clinical roles of advanced clinicians in the field through description of skills used during both 9-1-1 field responses and interfacility transports in the state of Pennsylvania. Methods: Our data were taken from existing Pennsylvania Department of Health EMS records for all 9-1-1 and interfacility requests for service from January 2018 through June 2020. Descriptive statistics were applied to skills used, medications administered, clinician activity data, and patient demographics for each clinician type in four response categories: 9-1-1 air, 9-1-1 ground, interfacility air, and interfacility ground. Results: There were few statistically significant differences in skill or medication usage between clinician types. There were no statistically significant differences in level of skills (basic life support, ALS, or specialty skills) performed between clinician levels. Patient demographics for each clinician type were similar. Conclusions: Our findings indicate advanced clinicians provide care at the ALS and specialty care levels in similar patient populations with little difference in the roles between clinician types in the out-of-hospital environment. Our data demonstrate successful integration of advanced clinicians into the out-of-hospital environment in Pennsylvania and provide a framework for future planning and expansion of these roles and responsibilities.
Modification of oil sludge by highly dispersed carbonaceous additive

The effect of modification of tar by highly carbonaceous additives on the rate of the oxidation process and the quality of oxidized bitumen has been studied. The dependences of the softening temperature of bitumen from the oxidation time have beenobtained. Penetration, penetration index of oxidized bitumen modified with highly carbonaceous additives tar fractions have been determined. The relaxation characteristics of oxidized bitumen: dependences of the relaxation time and the width of the temperature range of the duration of the process of oxidation have been obtained. It has been established that the rate of the process of obtaining oxidized bitumen increases with the number entered modifier by reducing the induction period.
Public Health and Health Sector Crisis Leadership During Pandemics: A Review of the Medical and Business Literature

The global scale and unpredictable nature of the current COVID-19 pandemic have put a significant burden on health care and public health leaders, for whom preparedness plans and evidence-based guidelines have proven insufficient to guide actions. This article presents a review of empirical articles on the topics of “crisis leadership” and “pandemic” across medical and business databases between 2003 (since SARS) and—December 2020 and has identified 35 articles for detailed analyses. We use the articles’ evidence on leadership behaviors and skills that have been key to pandemic responses to characterize the types of leadership competencies commonly exhibited in a pandemic context. Task-oriented competencies, including preparing and planning, establishing collaborations, and conducting crisis communication, received the most attention. However, people-oriented and adaptive-oriented competencies were as fundamental in overcoming the structural, political, and cultural contexts unique to pandemics.
SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in a Rural and Urban Household Cohort during First and Second Waves of Infections, South Africa, July 2020–March 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections may be underestimated because of limited access to testing. We measured SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in South Africa every 2 months during July 2020–March 2021 in randomly selected household cohorts in 2 communities. We compared seroprevalence to reported laboratory-confirmed infections, hospitalizations, and deaths to calculate infection–case, infection–hospitalization, and infection–fatality ratios in 2 waves of infection. Post–second wave seroprevalence ranged from 18% in the rural community children <5 years of age, to 59% in urban community adults 35–59 years of age. The second wave saw a shift in age distribution of case-patients in the urban community (from persons 35–59 years of age to persons at the extremes of age), higher attack rates in the rural community, and a higher infection–fatality ratio in the urban community. Approximately 95% of SARS-CoV-2 infections were not reported to national surveillance.
AR-negative prostate cancer is vulnerable to loss of JMJD1C demethylase

Significance Prostate cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death in men. Emerging resistance to androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibition therapy has heightened the need to identify therapeutic vulnerabilities specific to AR-negative prostate cancers. Analysis of CRISPR screen datasets in human prostate cancer cells identified high dependency for the histone demethylase JMJD1C across multiple AR-negative model systems. Integrated analyses revealed that combined AR and JMJD1C inactivation drives up-regulation of the TNFα network which provokes growth suppression. The exquisite sensitivity of AR-negative prostate cancer cells to JMJD1C inhibition may provide a therapeutic option for men with progressive castration-resistant prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men. The widespread use of androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors has generated an increased incidence of AR-negative prostate cancer, triggering the need for effective therapies for such patients. Here, analysis of public genome-wide CRISPR screens in human prostate cancer cell lines identified histone demethylase JMJD1C (KDM3C) as an AR-negative context-specific vulnerability. Secondary validation studies in multiple cell lines and organoids, including isogenic models, confirmed that small hairpin RNA (shRNA)–mediated depletion of JMJD1C potently inhibited growth specifically in AR-negative prostate cancer cells. To explore the cooperative interactions of AR and JMJD1C, we performed comparative transcriptomics of 1) isogenic AR-positive versus AR-negative prostate cancer cells, 2) AR-positive versus AR-negative prostate cancer tumors, and 3) isogenic JMJD1C-expressing versus JMJD1C-depleted AR-negative prostate cancer cells. Loss of AR or JMJD1C generates a modest tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) signature, whereas combined loss of AR and JMJD1C strongly up-regulates the TNFα signature in human prostate cancer, suggesting TNFα signaling as a point of convergence for the combined actions of AR and JMJD1C. Correspondingly, AR-negative prostate cancer cells showed exquisite sensitivity to TNFα treatment and, conversely, TNFα pathway inhibition via inhibition of its downstream effector MAP4K4 partially reversed the growth defect of JMJD1C-depleted AR-negative prostate cancer cells. Given the deleterious systemic side effects of TNFα therapy in humans and the viability of JMJD1C-knockout mice, the identification of JMJD1C inhibition as a specific vulnerability in AR-negative prostate cancer may provide an alternative drug target for prostate cancer patients progressing on AR inhibitor therapy.
Impact of COVID-19 on Patients Supported with a Left Ventricular Assist Device

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Patients on left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support may be susceptible to severe disease and complications from coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical course of COVID-19 in LVAD patients. A retrospective review was performed at our center; 28 LVAD patients who developed COVID-19 between March 2020 and March 2021, and six patients with a prior COVID-19 infection who underwent LVAD implantation, were identified and examined. Of the 28 patients, nine (32%) died during the study period, five (18%) during their index hospitalization for COVID-19. Two patients (7%) presented with suspected pump thrombosis. In a nonadjusted binary regression logistic analysis, admission to the intensive care unit (unadjusted odds ratio, 7.6 [CI, 1.2–48], P = 0.03), and the need for mechanical ventilation (unadjusted odds ratio 14 [CI, 1.3–159], P = 0.03) were associated with mortality. The six patients who previously had COVID-19 and subsequently received a LVAD were on intra-aortic balloon pump and inotropic support at time of surgery. All six experienced a complicated and prolonged postoperative course. Three patients (50%) suffered from ischemic stroke, and there was one (17%) 30 day mortality. We observed an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in LVAD patients with COVID-19.