Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Motivational factors underlying learner preferences for corrective feedback: Language mindsets and achievement goals

The present study examines how learners’ language mindsets (beliefs about the malleability of language intelligence) and achievement goals predict learners’ preferences for different types of corrective feedback (CF). Questionnaire data were collected from 537 learners of Spanish as a foreign language at two North-American universities. Factor analytic and multiple regression results showed two clear patterns. A growth language mindset (the belief that language learning ability is malleable) predicted preferences for all types of CF whereas a fixed language mindset predicted a preference for conversational recast and absence of CF. A development-approach goal (concerned with improving one’s language competence) positively predicted learners’ preference for the explicit types of CF whereas a development-avoidance goal (concerned with maintaining one’s second language competence) positively predicted the more implicit types of CF. Demonstration-approach (concerned with displaying superior competence) did not predict any CF type and demonstration-avoidance (concerned with avoiding the display of incompetence) predicted a preference for absence of CF. Using an overarching cost–value model, we discuss how learners’ analysis of the self-presentation and ego costs as well as the value of different CF types have led to their preference for one versus another. Future directions and pedagogical implications are discussed.
How Spatial Distance and Message Strategy in Cause-Related Marketing Ads Influence Consumers’ Ad Believability and Attitudes

Corporations have engaged in cause-related marketing (CRM) based on consumer expectations toward ethical and sustainable corporate management. However, it is equally important to understand how to do so effectively. The role of cause proximity has been examined as an important factor that determines the effectiveness of CRM messages. Limited research, however, has considered moderating variables in the context of cause proximity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the interplay between cause proximity and message strategy on attitudes toward the ad and ad believability. Based on an experimental design, this study applies construal level theory to demonstrate the effect of a construal fit between the spatial distance of the cause and how the message is presented on consumer attitudes toward ads and ad believability. Results show that the effects of message strategy mattered only for the global CRM cause. Furthermore, the findings show a mediating role of ad believability between cause proximity and message strategy on attitude toward the ad. This study provides empirical evidence for the advantage of using abstract messages in maximizing consumer reactions such as attitudes and believability when addressing global causes in CRM ad campaigns. Specifically, it offers insights on the impact of a matched condition between the spatial distance of the cause and language abstractness in CRM advertising.
Adaptation of Mediterranean forest species to climate: Lessons from common garden experiments

Mediterranean ecosystems are biodiversity hotspots located between temperate mesic climates and semi‐deserts and deserts. Mediterranean climates are characterized by a drought season but its length and severity can be highly variable across regions. In this review, we explored population genetic variation in functional traits and fitness in Mediterranean oak and pine species. We tested the hypothesis that increased drought tolerance has evolved as an adaptation to xeric and warm areas of the Mediterranean climate while increased competitive abilities have been favoured in more mesic regions, following a productivity‐persistence trade‐off within species. We first reviewed the literature and performed a meta‐analysis of studies on Pinus sp. and Quercus sp. from Mediterranean climates, and then analysed a set of unpublished data from Spanish common garden experiments of species from the Mediterranean Basin, searching for evidence of trait genetic variation among populations, local adaptation and trait–environment associations. The meta‐analysis showed that 82.9% (95% CI 75.7–89.4) of traits per study showed significant population genetic differentiation and that 52.5% (35.6–69.2) of traits in studies with two or more Mediterranean environments exhibited population‐by‐environment interaction. Population differences in traits related to drought tolerance, cold hardiness and fitness were usually correlated with provenance precipitation and temperature gradients, suggesting that adaptation to different climatic regimes is an important process driving intraspecific genetic divergence. Within the Spanish trial network, however, predicted fitness functions based on climatic transfer distance failed to reveal significantly higher fitness of populations at experimental sites with climates closer to their provenances’ ones. Neither the literature review nor the new analyses of the Spanish trial network provided evidence of a negative association between growth‐ and persistence‐related traits at the intraspecific level. Synthesis. Population genetic differentiation in functional traits and fitness is common in Mediterranean species, driven, at least in part, by the adaptation to contrasting temperature and precipitation regimes. Because of experimental constraints or biological reality, our study failed to detect a trade‐off between resource‐use strategies within species, calling for future studies to investigate further whether intraspecific evolution of stress tolerance occurs at the expense of growth potential in Mediterranean environments or not.
The Evaluation of an Integrated Growth & Goals Module to Better Equip Students with Learning Skills in Postsecondary Courses: Systematic, Scalable, and Explicit

In this dynamic and rapidly changing world, students need to be able to continually learn and adapt throughout their lives. However, most students spend years in formal education settings without being explicitly taught how to learn effectively. To reach our goal of explicitly and effectively equipping all students with learning skills, we developed and evaluated a Growth & Goals module. The module is an Open Education Resource for postsecondary students that educators integrate in their courses to teach core learning skills of metacognition, goal-setting, growth mindset, and mindfulness. Over 5000 students at ten institutions have now used the module. In the present study, we evaluated the module using a Practical Participatory Evaluation approach and the 4-level Kirkpatrick Evaluation model. To answer ten questions aligned with the Kirkpatrick model, we collected data from 1845 students and 5 educators from nine undergraduate courses in science, engineering, and mathematics, which were used to investigate ten research questions aligned with Kirkpatrick’s four evaluation levels. For Level 1 (Reaction), students and educators reported high satisfaction and gave constructive suggestions that centred on expanding the module. The training was new to 88% of students. Most completion rates were over 75% when professors provided an incentive (³ 1%). Students in some demographics used the module less than others: lower-achieving, first-generation university students, from outside the Ottawa-Gatineau area, male, and in certain programs. In Level 2 (Learning), students’ metacognitive skills increased throughout the semester. They could identify SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Accountable, Reachable, and Time-specific) and differentiate growth/fixed mindset statements. At Level 3 (Behaviour), students applied the module within the originating course, indicated their intent to use the module in the future, and a survey of a subsample indicated that most students used or intended to use the module in a new course. Most educators created course-level learning outcomes for the first time to integrate with the module. As an Open Education Resource with a nearly complete “plug-and-play” format, using the module required little time and low technological skills of students and educators; however, greater support, incentives, and rewards could be provided. Research and development require sustained resources. Finally, in Level 4 (Results), educators have used the module in courses in a number of disciplines, including sciences, engineering, mathematics, education, and psychology. The module addresses institutional goals of transformational learning and agility, as well as two provincial degree level expectations that are rarely explicitly taught in courses. In summary, the Growth & Goals module explicitly teaches core learning skills in a way that is systematic, scalable, and explicit for science, engineering, and mathematics courses, with a potential to expand to any discipline.
An update on breast animation deformity grading systems—a systematic review

Breast animation deformity (BAD) is a common and afflicting sequelae of breast reconstruction or augmentation, and is estimated to occur with variable severity in anywhere from zero to 75% of reconstructions/augmentation (1). It is characterized by an unsightly deformation, a motion deformity, resulting in displacement of the implant and skin rippling associated with contraction of the pectoral muscle (2). BAD is an aesthetic concern, as well as a functional problem. Muscle twitching, pain, and impaired shoulder function are significant problems, especially in physically active women thus affecting patient’s healthrelated quality of life (HR-QOL) (3-5). Review Article
Analysis of the Energy Balance of Friction on the Rolling Contact

The state of elastic rolling of the wheel is considered as a special manifestation of the highly developed evolution of the plastic contact of rolling friction. It is shown that for the material point of contact of smooth rolling surfaces, their initial elasticity forms a pair of elastic roughnesses – the sliding friction model. The Carter’s diagram is analyzed and its interpretation is given as an analog of the metal tension curve. This diagram is transformed to a structural-energy diagram of the sliding friction coefficient (evolution) of the rubbing surfaces. The conclusion is made about the mutual generality of the Carter’s equation and the equation of the energy balance of friction. The evolution of the structure of the rolling contact to the ideal nano-state, adequate to the state of the ideal solid, is justified. The possibility of the existence of an almost ideal thermodynamic cycle at the rolling contact and the maximum efficiency of the energy transformation is shown. In this state, we make up one mechanical (nano) quantum of the self-organized dynamic dissipative structure of the elementary friction contact with minimal contact shift (creep). This actually determines the real performance characteristics of the heavy-loaded Hertz contact of real engineering systems.
Influences of dietary Eucommia ulmoides extract on growth, flesh quality, antioxidant capacity and collagen-related genes expression in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

Background: The study investigated the effects of dietary Eucommia ulmoides extracts on growth, flesh quality and collagen-related genes expression of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Eucommia ulmoides bark extract (EBE) and Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract (ELE) were individually supplemented into basal diet (control) at an inclusion of 4 g/kg, and then the three diets were fed to grass carp (59.7 ± 0.3g) for 60 days. Results: The results indicated that dietary ELE significantly increased weight gain (+4.22%), and decreased feed conversion ratio (-0.07) (P<0.05), while EBE did not significantly affect the growth performance of grass carp. Compared to the control, dietary ELE increased apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter, crude protein and intestinal digestive enzyme activity (P<0.05), and the contents of calcium, total collagen, heat-insoluble collagen and free amino acids level (including delicious amino acids) in flesh were also increased (P<0.05). In both extracts groups, the flesh centrifugal loss, steaming loss, drip loss24h, protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde were significantly lower, and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were higher than the control (P<0.05). No significant differences in the amount of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in flesh were found among the three groups, but DPA, DHA, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and n-3/n-6 ratio in flesh were increased by dietary EBE and ELE (P<0.05). In collagen-related genes expression, the ELE supplementation significantly promoted the expression of collagen type Ⅰ (COL1A1, COL1A2), proline hydroxylase, lysine oxidasein in muscle, while the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 was decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, dietary ELE improved the growth, muscle antioxidant capacity and flesh quality of grass carp.
Effect of Topping,chem-Control and Phosphorus Fertilization on the Yield Components,Forming and Shedding of Buds and Bolls of Long Fiber Cotton

Based on field experiments,effect of topping,chem-controlling and phosphorus fertilization on the yield components,forming and shedding of buds and bolls of long fiber cotton was studied.The main results were as follows: coupling effect of topping,chem-controlling and phosphorus fertilization on the boll weight,boll number and yield of cotton was negative.Only-using topping,chem-control and phosphorus fertilization increase the long fiber cotton yield,while cooperation-using them could decrease long fiber cotton yield.Since topping could decrease markedly shedding rates of cotton under low P level and non-chem-controlling condition,number of available cotton bolls was greatly increased.Under low P level and non-topping condition,chemical controlling decreased markedly the shedding rate,and decreased buds of cotton,thereby number of available cotton bolls was not increased markedly.When adding P fertilizer increased buds of cotton under non-topping and non-chem-controlling condition,number of available cotton bolls was thereby increased.Since topping decreased number of cotton buds under chem-controlling condition or high P level,number of available cotton bolls were thereby decreased.
Society and territory: making sense of Italian populism from a historical perspective

ABSTRACT Italy is depicted as a populist promised land. Especially within Western Europe, Italy is an outlier in terms of support for and varieties of populist parties. Yet, common explanations of populism do not fully account for the Italian exceptionality, while single-country studies often present time-wise limited focus or anecdotical evidence. This article contributes by providing a novel interpretation of Italian populism since 1945 through a three-step process. First, the Italian populist success is theoretically linked to societal anti-parliamentarism and anti-elitism, whose roots date back to the formation of the unitary state and its institutional weakness. Second, it is argued that traditional intra-country differences in terms of voting behavior still matter when it comes to providing the opportunity structure for populist parties. Finally, a preliminary empirical analysis shows that – in line with expectations – different political traditions across the national territory are likely to determine the success of specific types of populism. The findings are relevant for the generation of new hypotheses about the societal origins of contemporary populist parties.
Effects of relative humidity and particle type on the performance and service life of automobile cabin air filters

ABSTRACT Cabin air filters are the main barrier for protecting automobile passengers from on road particulate matter. There are many studies about the evaluation of their performance in terms of filtration efficiency. However, the knowledge about the loading capacity of them is still lacking. Meanwhile, there has been no quantitative method to estimate the proper filter service life time. This study focuses on testing the loading capacity of different types of cabin air filters under the conditions of different relative humidity values and particle types. The results indicate that when the relative humidity increases, the activated carbon coated filters can adsorb significant amounts of water with no significant increase of the pressure drop. The normal fibrous filters show in contrast negligible water adsorbance. Compared with the filters loaded by Arizona road dust only, loading the filters by Arizona road dust and soot particles simultaneously will result in the steeper loading curves as well as the shift of most penetrating particle size to the smaller diameter. Finally, a new method to estimate the proper service life time of the cabin air filters is suggested based on the loading curves. © 2016 American Association for Aerosol Research
Different Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Bamboo to the Addition of TiO2 NPs under Heavy Metal Toxicity

Bamboo forests cover a remarkable area of Chinese forestland. Recently, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been used for plant protection against abiotic stress. In this study, an in vitro tissue culture experiment was conducted to determine the impact of titanium on plant tolerance to two different heavy metals (Cu and Pb). Bamboo plants (Arundinaria pygmaea L.) were grown using five concentrations of TiO2 NPS (0, 50, 80, 100, and 150 µM) without or with 100 µM Cu and 100 µM Pb for 30 days. The results showed that while Cu and Pb increased the generation of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) compounds in plants, TiO2 NP treatments played a positive role in reducing oxidative stress, as indicated by the decrease in ROS compounds, the extent of lipoperoxidation, and soluble proteins. On the other hand, the use of TiO2 NPs increased the total antioxidant capacity, chlorophyll content and general plant biomass. Moreover, the addition of TiO2 NPs significantly reduced Cu, and Pb accumulation in roots, stems, and shoots. We concluded that TiO2 NPs have the ability to reduce oxidative stress in plants by increasing the antioxidant capacity, improving the level of injury, and protecting cell membranes via reducing lipoperoxidation (reduction of Malondialdehyde (MDA) content). However, the results indicated that the efficiency of TiO2 NPs was related to the type and concentration of heavy metal, as TiO2 NPs were more effective for Cu than Pb. Additionally, a high concentration of TiO2 NPs resulted in the greatest enhancement in plant growth and development under heavy metal stress.
Diverse Eurasian Winter Temperature Responses to Barents‐Kara Sea Ice Anomalies of Different Magnitudes and Seasonality

The sea‐ice‐driven component of observed Eurasian temperature variability, estimated by comparing multimodel large‐ensemble simulations prescribed with either time‐varying or climatological sea‐ice, suggests an intermittent causal effect of Barents‐Kara sea‐ice on Eurasian winter temperature. To understand this intermittency better, bespoke atmospheric model experiments were conducted with the seasonality, sign, and magnitude of sea‐ice anomalies systematically altered. Stronger Eurasian cooling is found in response to modest than to large autumn sea‐ice loss because of nonlinear wave‐mean‐flow interactions that, via a stratospheric pathway, govern the dynamical responses. Winter sea‐ice loss tends to induce Eurasian warming, via thermodynamical effects, which scale approximately linearly with the magnitude of sea‐ice loss. Complete loss of sea‐ice led to Eurasian warming, suggesting the thermodynamical response dominates when sea‐ice loss is sufficiently large. Our results have implications for the stationarity, or lack thereof, of Arctic‐to‐midlatitude connections, and also for reconciling discrepancies between model experiments with different sea‐ice perturbations.
Artificial Intelligence Applications for Increasing Resource Efficiency in Manufacturing Companies—A Comprehensive Review

Sustainability improvements in industrial production are essential for tackling climate change and the resulting ecological crisis. In this context, resource efficiency can directly lead to significant advancements in the ecological performance of manufacturing companies. The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) also plays an increasingly important role. However, the potential influence of AI applications on resource efficiency has not been investigated. Against this background, this article provides an overview of the current AI applications and how they affect resource efficiency. In line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, this paper identifies, categorizes, and analyzes seventy papers with a focus on AI tasks, AI methods, business units, and their influence on resource efficiency. Only a minority of papers was found to address resource efficiency as an explicit objective. Subsequently, typical use cases of the identified AI applications are described with a focus on predictive maintenance, production planning, fault detection and predictive quality, as well as the increase in energy efficiency. In general, more research is needed that explicitly considers sustainability in the development and use phase of AI solutions, including Green AI. This paper contributes to research in this field by systematically examining papers and revealing research deficits. Additionally, practitioners are offered the first indications of AI applications increasing resource efficiency.
Effect of two whole-crop rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars on methane emission and Cu and Zn uptake in a paddy field fertilized with biogas slurry

ABSTRACT A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of two whole-crop rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, TULT and Takanari, on methane (CH4) emission in a paddy field fertilized with biogas slurry (BS) at rates of 0 (NF), 100 (BS100) and 300 (BS300) kg nitrogen (N) ha−1, in comparison with chemical fertilizer CF100 (100 kg N ha−1). Takanari produced significantly higher biomass (P < 0.001) than TULT and showed significantly (P < 0.01) lower CH4 emission than TULT. BS applications caused higher CH4 emission (52 ± 27 and 80 ± 19 g m−2 in BS100 and BS300, respectively) than did CF100 (42 ± 18 g m−2) and NF (28 ± 10 g m−2) in TULT. In contrast, there was no significant difference in CH4 emission in Takanari among the treatments (26 ± 2, 26 ± 2, 32 ± 4, 29 ± 8 g m−2 in NF, CF100, BS100 and BS300, respectively). Methane oxidizing bacteria (MOB) showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher populations in Takanari than in TULT at harvest, which might be due to the higher root biomass (10.3 ± 2.2 g hill−1) in Takanari than in TULT (8.9 ± 1.8 g hill−1). MOB was significantly correlated with tiller number (R2 = 0.176*) and plant biomass (R2 = 0.242*). BS application showed higher copper (Cu) uptake in Takanari while it was not high in TULT. In contrast, it showed no difference in zinc (Zn) uptake in both varieties. Uptake of Cu was not different between the two varieties, while uptake of Zn in the grain was higher in TULT than in Takanari. The present study suggests that CH4 emission deriving from BS application in paddy field can be mitigated by selecting an appropriate cultivar, like Takanari. However, care should be taken for heavy metal uptake in selecting cultivars.