Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting by administration of sub hypnotic doses of propofol and midazolam during spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section: 1AP3-2

Background and Goal of Study: We chose this study because nausea and vomiting disturb most of the mothers af ter delivery and even they call it more intolerable than pain, also can af fect relation of mother with neonate in first hours af ter delivery, so we looked for a safe and non-expensive way to reduce it and evaluated the ef ficacy of sub hypnotic doses of midazolam and propofol in prophylactic control of PONV during spinal anesthesia for C/S. Materials and Methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial, 114 ASA physical status I-II parturient undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia (using 0.5% bupivacaine 12 mg) were allocated randomly to receive propofol (20 mg bolus and 1.0mg/kg/hr infusion, n= 38) or midazolam (1 mg bolus and 2.0mg/hr infusion, n= 38) or saline (2 cc IV, n= 38) immediately af ter clamping of umbilical cord. The occurrence of nausea and/or vomiting and respiratory depression was recorded during operation until 12hr af ter that. Results and Discussion: The incidence of PONV was significantly lower in midazolam and propofol groups compared with saline group in all 12hr, (nausea: 19%, 15.8% versus 57.9%), vomiting (7.9%, 5% versus 34.2%). There was not manifestation of respiratory depression at the time of surgery and af ter it. one of the advantages of our drug protocol was lack of respiratory depression despite of it’s ef ficacy in preventing PONV. Conclusion(s): Sub hypnotic dose of midazolam was as ef fective as the sub hypnotic dose of propofol for preventing of PONV in parturients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. We undertook this study in regard to examine a simple, safe and non-expensive antiemetic method. References: 1.Tarhan Ö, Canbay Ö, Çelebi N, Uzun S, Sahin A, Cos ̧ kun F et al. Subhypnotic doses of midazolam prevent nausea and vomiting during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. Minerva Anesthesiol 2007; 73: 629-34. 2. Naylor RJ, Inall FC . The physiology and pharmacology of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anaesthesia. 1994;49 Suppl:25. 3 . Tramer MR. A rational approach to the control of postoperative nausea and vomiting: evidence from systematic reviews. Part 2. Recommendations for prevention and treatment, and research agenda. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2001: 45: 14-9.
Does Education Empower Women? Evidence from Zimbabwe

I exploit a change in the education system in Zimbabwe in 1980 to estimate the causal effects of an increase in education on labor market outcomes, welfare, domestic violence, freedom and political participation. By adopting a regression discontinuity design, I find that for women born post-1965, the reform increased their schooling by 0.9 years and their probability to complete secondary education by 9.1 percentage points. I also find evidence that the reform improved their probability to begin secondary education, literacy and self-employment. The increase in education among women born post-1965 unfortunately increases incidents of domestic violence from their husbands. However, their exposure to the reform boosts their freedom to vote, freedom of speech and propensity to join organizations. I report no statistical increase in their wealth and find that although they are more prone to speak up, their interest in politics decreases.
The effect of enhancing environmental factors on the quality of patients’ sleep in a cardiac surgical intensive care unit

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of enhancing environmental factors on the duration and quality of sleep among patients in a cardiovascular surgery intensive care unit (CSICU). This quasi-experimental study was conducted upon 100 patients. The experimental group received nursing interventions to control the environmental factors that negatively affect nocturnal sleep. Data also were collected using a form to assess the environmental factors and the Richards–Campbell Sleep Questionnaire in the morning of the second day after the operation. The difference between the groups was statistically significant in favor of the experimental group for eight of the environmental factors. Compared with that in the control group, the duration of sleep was longer (experimental, 6.30 h; control, 3.98 h) and the quality of sleep was higher (experimental, 66.57 units; control, 44.43 units) in the experimental group. We conclude that nursing interventions should be used to control the environmental factors that negatively affect nocturnal sleep in CSICUs.
An Examination of Factors that Affect Community College Faculty's Use of Technology for Teaching: A Comparison of Full-Time and Part-Time Faculty

JACKOWSKI, MELISSA BRISTLE. An Examination of Factors that Affect Community College Faculty’s Use of Technology for Teaching: A Comparison of Full-Time and Part-Time Faculty. (Under the direction of Dr. Duane Akroyd) While the literature indicates that community colleges continue to increase their use of part-time faculty and that they are taking a leading role in utilizing technology for instructional purposes, it has also been reported that part-time faculty are less likely than their full-time counterparts to use course-specific web sites and email for instructional purposes, and that they are less likely to teach non-face-to-face classes (U.S. Department of Education, 2002). For the community college to be successful in its expanding role in the use of technology, it must do everything it can to promote technology use by faculty, both full-time and part-time. This study was designed to examine the ability of selected intrinsic motivating factors, extrinsic motivating factors, personal and professional characteristics and institutional characteristics to predict faculty use of technology and distance education teaching. This research used a cross-sectional correlational design utilizing secondary analysis of the 1999 National Study of Postsecondary Faculty (NSOPF:99) dataset. Logistic Regression was employed in the analysis and it was determined that studentfaculty ratio, satisfaction with compensation, use of institutional funds for instructional training and teaching an occupational course positively affect the odds of a community college faculty member teaching a distance education course. The results also showed that satisfaction with autonomy and being male positively affect the odds of a faculty member using the web for instructional purposes while satisfaction with compensation and being a part-time faculty member negatively affected the odds. When examining full-time community college faculty individually, the use of institutional funds for training and not being a member of a union negatively affected the odds of using the web and satisfaction with autonomy positively affected it. For part-time community college faculty the only factor found to affect the use of the web for instructional purposes was an increase in satisfaction with autonomy. Chi-Square analysis determined that the full-time faculty group was significantly more likely to have access to the internet. AN EXAMINATION OF FACTORS THAT AFFECT COMMUNITY COLLEGE FACULTY’S USE OF TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING: A COMPARISON OF FULL-TIME AND PART-TIME FACULTY By MELISSA BRISTLE JACKOWSKI A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education ADULT AND COMMUNITY COLLEGE EDUCATION
Ex ante career preferences and sorting into startup employment

Entrepreneurship scholars and policy makers pay increasing attention to individuals who join entrepreneurial ventures as employees. Established firms also recognize the importance of attracting an innovative and entrepreneurial workforce. It is not clear, however, whether and how individuals with entrepreneurial career preferences sort into different types of employers. In this study, we examine the extent to which individuals’ ex ante career preferences explain sorting into employment in startups versus established firms. Using novel panel data on 2,284 individuals observed during graduate school and again in fulltime employment, we find strong evidence of preference-based sorting. However, a large share of individuals with entrepreneurial career preferences end up in established firms, while entrepreneurial firms employ not only “joiners” but also individuals with founder intentions or preferences for working in an established firm. We explore potential reasons for sorting into non-preferred careers including labor market constraints, ability, compensating wage differentials, and individuals’ desire to acquire additional skills prior to starting their own firm. Finally, we show that sorting into non-preferred careers may have important consequences, such as higher turnover, which may limit firms’ ability to benefit from their human capital. We discuss implications for entrepreneurship research as well as for founders, managers, and policy makers.
Liver transplantation for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

There has been ongoing debate that the Milan criteria may be too strict that a significant number of patients who could benefit from liver transplantation (LT) might have been excluded. Based on this idea, various studies have been conducted to further expand the Milan criteria and give more HCC patients a chance of cure. In deceased donor LT (DDLT) setting, expansion of the criteria is relatively tempered because the results of LT for HCC should be comparable to those of patients with non-malignant indications. On the other hand, in living donor LT (LDLT) situation, liver grafts are not public resources. The acceptable target outcomes for LDLT might be much lower than those for DDLT. Patients with biologically favorable tumors might have excellent survivals after LT despite morphological advanced HCCs. Therefore, the significance and utility of biological tumor parameters for selecting suitable LT candidates have been increased to predict HCC recurrence after LT. Although there is no consensus regarding the use of prognostic biomarkers in LT selection criteria for HCC, the combination of conventional morphological parameters and new promising biomarkers could help us refine and expand the LT criteria for HCC in the near future.
Decreasing the Harmful Effect of White Mustard Irrigation with Saline Water under North Sinai Conditions

Irrigation of white mustard plants with saline water (3500 ppm) under north Sinai conditions resulted in significant reduction in vegetative and flowering characters, consequently seed yield/plant. The reduction of seed yield/plant reached to 57.0 : 52.8 %. The reduction of oil yield (g /plant) 64.60 : 58.8%. The reduction of erucic acid followed descendingly by oleic acid. Saline water raised their values to be 40.98 & 20.49, respectively comparing to fresh water which was 30.82 & 15.59%. On the contrary the alternate irrigation with fresh (600 ppm) and saline water 1 : 1 showed less reduction in seed yield/plant as 25.9 : 17.3 % and in oil yield/plant 15.5 : 18.8%. The alternate irrigation with fresh and saline water at 1:1 or 1:2 did not largely affected oil constituents comparing to irrigation with fresh water. Total nitrogen, total carbohydrates and leaf pigments were reduced significantly as all irrigation was done with saline water comparing to alternate irrigation with 1 : 1 fresh : saline water.
Comparison of Vitamin D Levels between Genders, Age Groups and Geographical Locations in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Dakshina Kannada: A Cross Sectional Study

Objectives: To compare the vitamin D levels between genders, age groups and geographical locations in a tertiary care hospital of Dakshina Kannada. Materials and Methods: A total of 208 (n=208) reports containing vitamin D levels were collected from Central laboratory, which were reported between January 2015 to December 2015. The values are tabulated in Microsoft excel sheet. Student‘t’ test was applied to compare the vitamin D levels between males and females. Whereas, ANOVA was applied for comparing vitamin D levels between different age groups and geographical locations. Results: Out of 208 vitamin D reports, 86 (41.3%) reports were from male and 122 (58.7%) from females. The mean values of vitamin D in males and females were 32.9±14.7 and 31.1±21.4 respectively. Even though females have low levels of vitamin D when compared to males but statistically it was not significant (p=0.512). The mean value of vitamin D from different geographical locations ranged from 20.9 ng/ml (from Ankola) to 78.6 ng/ml (from Dharwad) and 27.3±11.1 being noted from Dakshina Kannada. The intergroup comparison of vitamin D levels of individuals from different locations didn’t show any statistical significance (f =1.33 & p= 0.191). Similarly, there is no statistical significant difference in the vitamin D levels of different age groups. Conclusion: The present study concludes that there is no statistical significant difference in the vitamin D levels of males with females and also no significant difference was found in the vitamin D levels of different age groups and different geographical locations.
Control Study on Pulmonary Function in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction and Objectives: T2DM affects various organs of body causing micro and macrovascular disease. It is known to affect eyes, kidneys, heart, nerves and blood vessels, but its effect on lung which is a highly vascular organ, is not yet thoroughly studied. Previous studies have reported that PF are compromised in T2DM and histopathological changes have been observed in lungs in T2DM. The current study was planned to assess PF (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, MMEFR) in T2DM patients using spirometry and to compare them with age and gender matched HV. Methods and Materials: This was observational case control study in which 200 T2DM and 200 age and gender matched HV were enrolled. Subjects with history of smoking, any acute/chronic medical illness or on drugs which can alter PF were excluded from the study. Following detailed history, examination and routine investigations, all enrolled subjects underwent spirometry test to evaluate PF as mentioned above. Data analysis was done using SPSS software and data is presented as Mean ± SD. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Data of 192(M:F::40:152) T2DM and 191(M:F::50:141) was analysed. Mean age of study subjects was 49 ±12; BMI was 25 ±6.0, waist circumference (M:F:: 93.10±11.16: 94.13±13.78). 35.92% patient had T2DM of 5-10 years duration and 48.5% had moderate glycemic control. Among T2DM, 45.83% had normal PF as assessed by spirometry,44.26% had restrictive, 3% had obstructive and 7% had mixed pattern of PF. HbA1c and duration of T2DM were found negatively correlated with PF. Conclusion: The present study suggests that PF are deranged in T2DM and should be assessed with advancing T2DM to detect early PF changes in these patients. Future prospective study should be planned for involvement of lungs in T2DM independent of any lung disease.
1 Insect Size and Foraging Distances for Insects Visiting Eryngium yuccifolium Final Report to Litzsinger Road Ecology

Insect Size and Foraging Distances for Insects Visiting Eryngium yuccifolium Final Report to Litzsinger Road Ecology Center By: Valerie Slegesky ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract The success of tall grass prairie restorations depends not only on the survival of plantings but on many factors, including the presence of a healthy population of pollen-carrying insects (Taron, 1997). The distance these insects can travel, and thus the distance between patches of one plant species where there is a chance of successful cross-pollination, has not yet been determined for any specific plant populations at the Litzsinger Road Ecology Center (hereafter LREC) in St. Louis, Missouri. I sought to determine whether any flower-visiting insects visit forbs in more than one of the three patches of Eryngium yuccifolium at LREC. Specimens were collected from each of the patches at LREC on five separate occasions, and ChiSquared tests were used to determine if the size of an insect makes a significant difference in its propensity to travel from patch to patch. The results indicate that flower-visiting insects over 10mm long have a greater propensity to move between two of the three patches of E. yuccifolium at LREC. There was no data indicating that any insects visited all three patches, nor that the most isolated patch was visited by insects from the other two. The study provides both useful information on potential methods for pollination studies and promising preliminary data for a number of potential research topics related to pollination at LREC.
Resource Curse and Sovereign Debti

An extensive literature documents that resource wealth can be a curse rather than a blessing for many countries. Until the eighties, the general view among economists and political scientists was that a large endowment of natural resources has a positive impact on a country's development prospects. Yet, over the past forty years, casual observation and statistical studies indicate that natural resources often fail to deliver the expected economic benefits. On the contrary, resource wealth seems to impede the economic performance of many countries. In a series of highly influential of papers, Sachs and Warner (1995, 1997) present empirical evidence suggesting that natural resource wealth (measured by the GDP share of primary export in 1971) may be negatively associated with per capita GDP growth (see Figure 1) Various explanations have been offered ranging from the Dutch disease, rent seeking, increased indebtedness (Manzano and Rigobon 2001), domestic conflict and political instability (Collier and Hoeffler 2004), and autocratic regimes and poor institutions (Ross 2001; Isham et al. 2005).
OP-GBEV190214 2875..2886

The relative role of natural selection and genetic drift in evolution is a major topic of debate in evolutionary biology. Most knowledge springfromasmallgroupoforganismsandoriginate frombefore itwaspossible togenerategenome-widedataongenetic variation. Hence, it is necessary to extend to a larger number of taxonomic groups, descriptive and hypothesis-based research aiming at understanding theproximateandultimatemechanismsunderlyingboth levelsofgeneticpolymorphismand theefficiencyofnatural selection. In this study, weuseddata from60whole-genomeresequenced individuals of three crypticbutterfly species (Leptidea sp.), together with novel gene annotation information and population recombination data. We characterized the overall prevalence of natural selection and investigated the effects of mutation and linked selection on regional variation in nucleotide diversity. Our analyses showedthatgenome-widediversityandrateofadaptivesubstitutionswerecomparatively low,whereasnonsynonymous to synonymous polymorphism and substitution levels were comparatively high in Leptidea, suggesting small long-term effective population sizes. Still, negative selectionon linkedsites (backgroundselection)has resulted in reducednucleotidediversity in regionswith relatively high gene density and low recombination rate. We also found a significant effect of mutation rate variation on levels of polymorphism. Finally, there were considerable population differences in levels of genetic diversity and pervasiveness of selection against slightly deleterious alleles, in line with expectations from differences in estimated effective population sizes.
The Effectiveness of Simulation Technique Implemented with Poster as Visual Aids on Students’ Social Interaction and Creative thinking in EFL Speaking Class

DOI: 10.21276/sjhss.2018. 3.10. 11 Abstract: The purposes of the research were to find out the significances of the implementation of simulation technique and the using of posters as visual aids in improving students’ social interaction and creative thinking. Semester II English students of Muslim Nusantara University Medan were selected as the population of the research, then, two classes were chosen of the sample of the research y applying random purposive sampling. Moreover, quantitative research method was used with factorial design 2 X 2 to achieve the aims of the research. based on the data analyzed, this research found out that students’ social interaction taught by implementing simulation technique and using the poster was being extremely higher with 80,05 than experimental class II with 68,68. Then, the indicator average of creative thinking also showed a very significant effect in which experimental class II was 86,69, while experimental class II was only 60,75. Moreover, there was an interaction occured between technique simulation with the poster with student’s creative thinking toward students’ social interaction with Fobsesrved>Ftablewith 294,740 > 4,00 and Sig < 0,05 with 0,000< 0,05, and with Fobsesrved189,190 >Ftable4,00 and with Sig 0,000 < 0,05. Last, there was an interaction between simulation technique and poster in which simulation technique was being much more effective combined with poster as visual aids with sig <prob (0,000 < 0,05). In conclusion, students whose higher creative thinking in creating the poster would have higher social interaction in EFL speaking class in which the more frequent student’ social interaction in the classroom, the higher speaking skill achieved.
Flipped Classroom as a Learning and an Evaluation Strategy in a Pharmaceutical Quantitative Analysis Course at the Pharmacy Faculty of the Universidad de Costa Rica

The flipped classroom is an active learning strategy in which what normally is done at home is flipped or switched with what is done during the classroom time. The objective of this work was to use the flipped classroom for the students learning improvement in the Pharmaceutical Quantitative Analysis Laboratory at the Pharmacy Faculty of the Universidad de Costa Rica. For this purpose, students were divide in groups, and a laboratory practice with its respective support material was assigned to each one. This information was explained to each member of the group, as well as other aspects that were considered pertinent. At the end of the groups‟ presentations, a survey was given for the evaluation of each student about this didactic strategy. In this experience, from the total enrolled population, 94.23% approved the course. As a complement, the students‟ opinion revealed that for 86.54% of the didactic strategy improved their academic performance and/or learning process. This positive impact was due to the contents explanation by their peers, the learning deepening to teach the lesson in the best possible way, having the study material since the course beginning, and the acquisition of tools and/or skills necessary to make public presentations. Nevertheless, the most frequent negative comments were that there is no difference between this flipped classroom and traditional lectures. In addition, the complexity found for the class preparation was not well received.
Clinical patterns and associated comorbidities of vitiligo in Kandahar, Afghanistan. A case-control study

Vitiligo is an acquired, idiopathic depigmentation disorder of skin and hair with characteristic white macules and patches. Vitiligo affects 0.1–2% of global population [1]. Highest incidence of this disorder is observed in India and Mexico [2]. In India, its prevalence is nearly 3–4% of patients visiting skin clinics of different hospitals [3]. Its prevalence is nearly equal between males and females [4]. Vitiligo causes decreased self-esteem, poor body images, problems in sexual relations, as well as cosmetically and psychologically devastating. Most of its impact on quality of life is observed in individuals with darker skin phototype [5].