Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biofuel production from locally sourced roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) seed oil using transesterification process

As a solution to the decreasing stocks of fossil fuels and the environmental unfriendliness arising from its combustion, alternative fuels from natural sources are emerging. Biofuel has drawn considerable attention as a substitute fuel for diesel engines among these various potential resources as it is renewable, non-toxic, eco-friendly etc. This research assessed the production of biofuel from crude roselle oil. Using solvent extraction technique, oil was obtained from roselle seed and the properties evaluated. For this purpose, N-hexane and pet-ether solutions were used. The extracted oil was transesterified. The transesterification reaction was performed at a 6:1 methanol / oil molar ratio, with a catalyst of 1 percent (w / w) CaO / ZnO. The crude roselle oil obtained for use in the production of biofuels was clear, viscous and yellowish in colour, and the oil yield was 13.56 %. The result of the transesterification reaction was a transparent yellowish colour liquid (biofuel) and the percentage yield was 52.77 %. The flash point of 206 oC, pour point of -3 oC, cloud point of 4oC, cetane number of 5, fire point of 210 oC, specific gravity of 0.895 obtained at 29 oC, kinematic viscosity of 4.56 mm2/s, Iodine Value of 0.39 gI2/100g, saponification value of 0.16 MgKOH/g, acid value of 0.42 MgKOH/g and density of 0.874 g/cm3 were all within the ASTM D6751 specification for biodiesel fuel. Roselle oil methyl ester was found to have good fuel quality and has potential to fuel a diesel powered engine.
Structural Bases of Prion Variation in Yeast

Amyloids are protein aggregates with a specific filamentous structure that are related to a number of human diseases, and also to some important physiological processes in animals and other kingdoms of life. Amyloids in yeast can stably propagate as heritable units, prions. Yeast prions are of interest both on their own and as a model for amyloids and prions in general. In this review, we consider the structure of yeast prions and its variation, how such structures determine the balance of aggregated and soluble prion protein through interaction with chaperones and how the aggregated state affects the non-prion functions of these proteins.
The Impact of Information Presentation and Cognitive Dissonance on Processing Systematic Review Summaries: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Bicycle Helmet Legislation

Background: Summaries of systematic reviews are a reference method for the dissemination of research evidence on the effectiveness of public health interventions beyond the scientific community. Motivated reasoning and cognitive dissonance may interfere with readers’ ability to process the information included in such summaries. Methods: We conducted a web experiment on a panel of university-educated North Americans (N = 259) using a systematic review of the effectiveness of bicycle helmet legislation as a test case. The outcome variables were the perceived tentativeness of review findings and attitude toward bicycle helmet legislation. We manipulated two types of uncertainty: (i) deficient uncertainty (inclusion vs. non-inclusion of information on limitations of the studies included in the review) and (ii) consensus uncertainty (consensual findings showing legislation effectiveness vs. no evidence of effectiveness). We also examined whether reported expertise in helmet legislation and the frequency of wearing a helmet while cycling interact with the experimental factors. Results: None of the experimental manipulations had a main effect on the perceived tentativeness. The presentation of consensual efficacy findings had a positive main effect on the attitude toward the legislation. Self-reported expertise had a significant main effect on the perceived tentativeness, and exposing participants with reported expertise to results showing a lack of evidence of efficacy increased their favorable attitude toward the legislation. Participants’ helmet use was positively associated with their attitude toward the legislation (but not with perceived tentativeness). Helmet use did not interact with the experimental manipulations. Conclusions: Motivated reasoning and cognitive dissonance influence a reader’s ability to process information contained in a systematic review summary.
Satire in Comedy Trans 7 Discourse and Its Relation to Indonesian Language Learning

This study aims to describe the form and meaning of satire language found on television shows Lapor Pak Trans 7. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection in this study used the technique of listening and taking notes. The validity of the research data is triangulation, which is checking the validity of the data by utilizing something other than the data. The data analysis technique of this research used the intralingual equivalent method by connecting or comparing lingual elements. The results showed that the satire language has the type of irony, namely utterances that have implicit (implied) meanings delivered gently, the satire language of the cynicism type contains the offence of the speaker to the spoken word, and the sarcasm type of satire language contains elements of satire that is harsh, sarcastic, the statement is bitter, and the reproach that is not pleasant to hear. There are 6 types of satire language found in irony. The form of the meaning of satire language in the Lapor Pak Trans 7 discourse shows that there are many criticisms between actors and social criticism that occur in the community and are being discussed by many people. The relationship between the utterances in Lapor Pak Trans 7 and learning Indonesian for class XI, namely basic competence 4.1 to interpret the meaning of film/drama texts both orally and in writing, student pay attention and look for the forms and meanings of audio-visual media.
Development of tools for the analysis of messages in controlled social network environments

There is sometimes more demand for the attention of healthcare providers than there is supply to go around. This study evaluates a way to make expert mental health social workers more efficient at the task of moderating controlled access social network discussion boards. Sometimes, moderators need to make authoritative posts on these boards known as interventions. These are useful when needed but unnecessary interventions may degrade the benefits of organic discussion. For this study an automated decision aiding system (ADAS) tool was developed which provided the automated analysis and visualization of messages and message sentiment. This tool was designed as a means to make the expert moderators more efficient so more individuals could utilize a discussion board without proportional increase in expert moderators and the associated expense. This study determined that the custom designed automated decision-aiding system had no significant effect on participants determining if messages from such a discussion board are deserving of an intervention response for the measures of accuracy, elapsed time, or judgement confidence. The abstraction of context provided by the ADAS in this study is suspected to explain the lack of significant results, and future work would focus on identifying the level of context supply humans would require for the ADAS to have an effect.
Is Inadequate Water Intake a Risk Factor for Vestibular Disorders?

Background: Water is a vital nutrient for the human body system and failing to consume enough water could cause health problems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between water intake and vestibular system disorders. Methods: Data from 93 patients (aged between 20 and 76 years) with vestibular disorders were analyzed in the study. The mean age of the patients was 46.96 ±13.94 years (female: 45.68 ±13.45, male: 49.96 ±14.85), and 69.9% (n = 65) were female. Participants were sub-categorized into diagnostic groups as follows: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Meniere’s disease, vestibular neuritis, vestibular migraine, and persistent postural perceptual dizziness. The water intake information was analyzed for total water, plain water, and caffeinated beverages separately and compared between groups. Results: There was a significant difference between vestibular neuritis and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (P < .001) and also between vestibular neuritis and Meniere’s disease (P = .021) in terms of the intake values of plain water and total water. No significant difference was found between groups in caffeinated beverages intake (P = .151), and it was found that there is no statistically significant difference in plain water and total water intake in terms of gender (P > .05). Conclusion: The most significant result of this study is that inadequate water intake can be a risk factor for some forms of peripheral vestibular disorders. People should be informed about the importance of drinking water and be encouraged to increase their water intake.
Does Bypass of the Proximal Small Intestine Impact Food Intake, Preference, and Taste Function in Humans? An Experimental Medicine Study Using the Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Liner

The duodenal-jejunal bypass liner (Endobarrier) is an endoscopic treatment for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It creates exclusion of the proximal small intestine similar to that after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) surgery. The objective of this study was to employ a reductionist approach to determine whether bypass of the proximal intestine is the component conferring the effects of RYGB on food intake and sweet taste preference using the Endobarrier as a research tool. A nested mechanistic study within a large randomised controlled trial compared the impact of lifestyle modification with vs. without Endobarrier insertion in patients with obesity and T2DM. Forty-seven participants were randomised and assessed at several timepoints using direct and indirect assessments of food intake, food preference and taste function. Patients within the Endobarrier group lost numerically more weight compared to the control group. Using food diaries, our results demonstrated similar reductions of food intake in both groups. There were no significant differences in food preference and sensory, appetitive reward, or consummatory reward domain of sweet taste function between groups or changes within groups. In conclusion, the superior weight loss seen in patients with obesity and T2DM who underwent the Endobarrier insertion was not due to a reduction in energy intake or change in food preferences.
Can the Child Penalty Be Reduced? Evaluating Multiple Policy Interventions

The arrival of children causes large earnings drops for mothers but not fathers, a stylized fact known as the “child penalty” that accounts for a substantial amount, and in some cases the vast majority, of remaining gender income gaps in wealthy countries. We evaluate two frequently suggested and implemented government policies aimed at reducing the child penalty: paternity leave and high quality child care. We find small and insignificant impacts of paternity leave use on both the child penalty and also on a new measure of father’s preferences for child care. In contrast, we find a 25% reduction in the child penalty from a large Norwegian reform that expanded access to publicly provided child care. These results suggest that while government interventions can reduce child penalties, providing viable alternatives to the mother’s time, such as high quality publicly provided child care, is more effective than paternity leave. couples”.
BMI at Discharge from Treatment Predicts Relapse in Anorexia Nervosa: A Systematic Scoping Review

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) has high rates of enduring disease and mortality. Currently, there is insufficient knowledge on the predictors of relapse after weight normalization and this is why a systematic literature review was performed. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, PsychInfo, and Cochrane databases were searched for literature published until 13 July 2021. All study designs were eligible for inclusion if they focused on predictors of relapse after weight normalization in AN. Individual study definitions of relapse were used, and in general, this was either a drop in BMI and/or reccurrence of AN symptoms. Results: The database search identified 11,507 publications, leaving 9511 publications after the removal of duplicates and after a review of abstracts and titles; 191 were selected for full-text review. Nineteen publications met the criteria and included 1398 AN patients and 39 healthy controls (HC) from adults and adolescents (ages range 11–73 years). The majority used a prospective observational study design (12 studies), a few used a retrospective observational design (6 studies), and only one was a non-randomized control trial (NRCT). Sample sizes ranged from 16 to 191 participants. BMI or measures of body fat and leptin levels at discharge were the strongest predictors of relapse with an approximate relapse rate of 50% at 12 months. Other predictors included signs of eating disorder psychopathology at discharge. Conclusions: BMI at the end of treatment is a predictor of relapse in AN, which is why treatment should target a BMI well above 20. Together with the time to relapse, these outcomes are important to include in the evaluation of current and novel treatments in AN and for benchmarking.
Exchange rate movement and stock market performance: An application of the ARDL model

Abstract The study examines the relationship between the stock market and exchange rate in South Africa for the period from 1980 to 2020. Quarterly data was used employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model given the order of integration of the variables. The empirical results revealed that there is a long-term relationship between the variables of interest. The results also revealed that there is a negative relationship between the stock market and exchange rate movement. The results also show that there is a negative relationship between the stock market and the interest rate as well as inflation as measured by CPI. These results imply that innovations in the exchange rate do have an impact on what happens to the stock market. The impact of exchange rates on stock market can be positive in the short run and negative in the long run and so policymakers can use our findings to avoid making unnecessary monetary or fiscal policy decisions. Policy makers may be able to know when to intervene in influencing the markets using monetary or fiscal policies. Investors and portfolio managers can apply the findings of this study to hedge against exchange rate risk, efficiently diversify their portfolios and predict future stock market movements by observing the exchange rate market.
Multi‐scale characterization of granular media by in situ laboratory X‐ray computed tomography

Investigations of biphasic monodisperse soft (rubber) and stiff (glass) particle mixtures under hydrostatic conditions show an interesting behavior with regard to the effective stiffness. P‐wave modulus measured by acoustic wave propagation at ultrasonic frequencies showed a significant decline while more soft particles are added, that is, higher rubber volume fractions, due to a change in the microstructure of the granular medium. However, for small volume fractions of soft particles, it could be observed that the P‐wave modulus is increasing. This result cannot be explained by classical mixture rules or effective medium theories. For the understanding of those effects, a detailed insight into the microstructure of the granular medium is necessary. To gain this information and link it later back to the measured effective mechanical properties, high‐resolution micro X‐ray computed tomography ( μ XRCT) imaging is a well‐established tool. With μ XRCT imaging, the granular microstructure can be visualized in 3D and characterized subsequently. Combining classical effective characterization methods with μ XRCT imaging can help to solve a variety of multi‐scale problems. Performing the characterization step in situ, meaning inside the laboratory‐based μ XRCT scanner, has the advantage that exactly the same samples are mechanically characterized and visualized. To address the mentioned observation above, we designed a low X‐ray absorbing oedometer cell with integrated broadband piezoelectric P‐wave transducers which enables this kind of investigation inside a laboratory‐based μ XRCT scanner. The focus of this contribution is on the general experimental methodology which can be transferred to other multi‐scale problems. It starts with a description of the image acquisition and ends with the post‐processing of the in situ acquired image data. To demonstrate this, cylindrical samples consisting of the same monodisperse rubber and glass particle mixtures that were studied before under hydrostatic stress conditions are considered. Selected results are presented to explain the single steps.
An Ensemble-Based Multiclass Classifier for Intrusion Detection Using Internet of Things

Internet of Things (IoT) is the fastest growing technology that has applications in various domains such as healthcare, transportation. It interconnects trillions of smart devices through the Internet. A secure network is the basic necessity of the Internet of Things. Due to the increasing rate of interconnected and remotely accessible smart devices, more and more cybersecurity issues are being witnessed among cyber-physical systems. A perfect intrusion detection system (IDS) can probably identify various cybersecurity issues and their sources. In this article, using various telemetry datasets of different Internet of Things scenarios, we exhibit that external users can access the IoT devices and infer the victim user's activity by sniffing the network traffic. Further, the article presents the performance of various bagging and boosting ensemble decision tree techniques of machine learning in the design of an efficient IDS. Most of the previous IDSs just focused on good accuracy and ignored the execution speed that must be improved to optimize the performance of an ID model. Most of the earlier pieces of research focused on binary classification. This study attempts to evaluate the performance of various ensemble machine learning multiclass classification algorithms by deploying on openly available “TON-IoT” datasets of IoT and Industrial IoT (IIoT) sensors.
Spatio-Temporal Evolution Dynamic, Effect and Governance Policy of Construction Land Use in Urban Agglomeration: Case Study of Yangtze River Delta, China

The urban construction land change is the most obvious and complex spatial phenomenon in urban agglomerations which has attracted extensive attention of scholars in different fields. Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration is the most mature urban agglomeration in China, a typical representative in both China and the world. This paper analyzes the evolution dynamic, effect and governance policy of urban construction land in Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration 2011–2020 using a combination of BCG model, decoupling model and GIS tools. The findings are as follows. (1) There are large intercity differences in urban construction land in urban agglomerations, but the spatial heterogeneity is gradually decreasing. (2) The change trends and evolution patterns of urban construction land in urban agglomerations are increasingly diversified, with emergence of a variety of types such as rapid growth, slow growth, inverted U-shape, stars, cows, question and dogs. (3) The population growth, economic development and income improvement corresponding to the change of urban construction land in urban agglomerations have no desirable effect, with most cities in the expansive negative decoupling state. (4) The decoupling types show increasingly complex changes, in evolution, degeneration and unchanged states. Affected by economic transformation and the outbreak of COVID-19, an increasing number of cities are in strong negative decoupling and degeneration states, threatening the sustainable development of urban agglomerations. (5) Based on the division of urban agglomerations into three policy areas of Transformation Leading, Land Dependent, and Land Reduction, the response strategies for each are proposed, and a differentiated land use zoning management system is established.
Mechanical and Metallurgical Evaluation of 3 Different Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments: An In Vitro and In Laboratory Study

An in-depth evaluation of the mechanical and metallurgical properties of NiTi instruments is fundamental to assess their performance and to compare recently introduced instrument with widespread ones. According to this, since there are no data on this topic, the aim of the study was to mechanically and metallurgically evaluate an instrument recently introduced into the market (ZenFlex (ZF)), by comparing it with two well-known instruments with similar characteristics: Vortex Blue (VB) and EdgeSequel Sapphire (EES). According to this, 195 instruments were selected: 65 ZF, 65 VB and 65 EES. Each group was divided in subgroups according to the mechanical tests (i.e., cyclic fatigue resistance, torsional resistance and bending ability; (n = 20)) and the metallurgical test (differential scanning calorimetry (n = 5)). A scanning electron microscopy was performed to verify the causes of fracture after mechanical tests (cyclic fatigue and torsional tests). According to results, VB showed the highest flexibility and cyclic fatigue resistance in comparison to the other instruments, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Regarding torsional resistance, EES showed the lowest value of torque at fracture, with a statistically significant difference, whilst the comparison between ZF and VB showed no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). DSC analysis pointed out that VB had the highest austenite start and finish temperatures, followed by ESS and then ZF. ESS sample showed the highest martensite start and finish temperatures followed by VB and ZF. Considering the results, it can be concluded that VB showed the best mechanical performance during static tests in comparison to ESS and ZF. This is fundamentally due to the interaction of parameters such as instrument design and heat-treatments that are able to enhance its mechanical performance.
Teacher’s stories about teaching newly arrived refugee youths at a vocational upper secondary school in Sweden

This article presents the stories of four teachers teaching newly arrived refugee youths at a vocational upper secondary school. The youths came to Sweden in 2015 and later, and they live in a so-called vulnerable area. This is a period when many unaccompanied children and adolescent refugees arrived in Sweden. The study aims to contribute to knowledge about teaching newly arrived refugee youths and the way these youths can influence teaching in a vocational school. The methodological and theoretical starting point for the study is based on a narrative perspective. The stories are analysed thematically and show that these students have great solidarity with each other, are ambitious, and create a good mood in the classroom. In addition, there is always “someone” who does not believe in democratic values, although most of the students value the Swedish democracy and equality between men and women. The expulsion decision that some students receive affects the teachers’ teaching as well, since it means that they also have to deal with teaching situations where their students’ lives and deaths are involved in the sense that they are refugees threatened by expulsion.