Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inclusive J/ψ and Υ emissions from single-parton fragmentation in hybrid high-energy and collinear factorization

We present a novel study on the inclusive production of a heavy quarkonium ( J/ψ or Υ ), in associ-ation with a light-flavored jet, as a test field of the high-energy QCD dynamics. The large transverse momenta at which the two final-state objects are detected permits us to perform an analysis in the spirit of the variable-flavor number scheme (VFNS), in which the cross section for the hadroproduction of a light parton is convoluted with a perturbative fragmentation function that describes the transition from a light quark to a heavy hadron. The quarkonium collinear fragmentation function is built as a product between a short-distance coefficient function, which encodes the resummation of DGLAP type logarithms, and a non-perturbative long-distance matrix element (LDME), calculated in the non-relativistic QCD (NRQCD) framework. Our theoretical setup is the hybrid high-ener-gy and collinear factorization, where the standard collinear approach is supplemented by the resummation of leading and next-to-leading energy-type logarithms `a la BFKL. We propose this reaction as a suitable channel to probe the production mechanisms of quarko-nia at high energies and large transverse momenta and to possibly unveil the transition region from the heavy-quark pair production mechanism to the single-parton fragmentation one.
Adaptive-Adversary-Robust Algorithms via Small Copy Tree Embeddings

Embeddings of graphs into distributions of trees that preserve distances in expectation are a cornerstone of many optimization algorithms. Unfortunately, online or dynamic algorithms which use these embeddings seem inherently randomized and ill-suited against adaptive adversaries. In this paper we provide a new tree embedding which addresses these issues by deterministically embedding a graph into a single tree containing O (log n ) copies of each vertex while preserving the connectivity structure of every subgraph and O (log 2 n )-approximating the cost of every subgraph. Using this embedding we obtain the first deterministic bicriteria approximation algorithm for the online covering Steiner problem as well as the first poly-log approximations for demand-robust Steiner forest, group Steiner tree and group Steiner forest.
A test of Bergmann's rule in the Early Triassic: latitude, body size, and sampling in Lystrosaurus

Abstract. The ecogeographic rule known as Bergmann's rule suggests that there is a positive relationship between body size and latitude when comparing closely related taxa. The underlying mechanism or mechanisms to explain this pattern vary as widely as the taxa that seem to follow it, which has led to skepticism over whether Bergmann's rule should be considered a rule at all. Despite this, Bergmann's rule is widespread among modern birds, mammals, beetles, and some amphibians, but far fewer extinct taxa have been subjected to tests of Bergmann's rule. To examine whether Bergmann's rule is detected in extinct taxa, we compared body-size proxies in Lystrosaurus recovered from Early Triassic–aged strata in Antarctica, South Africa, India, and China. Our results reveal that average body size is largest at mid-northern paleolatitudes (∼45°N) instead of the highest southern paleolatitudes (∼70°S). Additionally, maximum body size is consistent across the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, indicating that Bergmann's rule did not apply for Lystrosaurus during the Early Triassic. To test potential sample size biases in our results, we used rarefaction and subsampling to show that only the Karoo Basin is well sampled and that large individuals are exceedingly rare, except in the Turpan-Junggar Basin of Xinjiang, China. Taken together, our results suggest that Lystrosaurus had the potential to reach large body sizes in each of the latitudinally widespread geologic basins studied here, but that local conditions may have allowed individuals at mid-northern paleolatitudes a greater chance of reaching a large size compared with southern congeners that suffered increased mortality when young or at a small size.
Drinking Expectancies among Chinese Young Adults: A Qualitative Study from Hong Kong

Background: Alcohol expectancies, i.e., the perceived consequences of drinking, have been reported to be important factor in predicting drinking behaviors. However, studies in the Asia region were largely limited to school-based samples. This study aimed to be the first to explore drinking expectancies among urban Chinese young adults. Methods: In 2020, eight focus group discussions were conducted with Hong Kong Chinese young adults aged 18–34 (n = 53). The participants included heavy drinkers, light drinkers, and non-drinkers from a wide range of occupations and educational backgrounds. Thematic analysis was conducted to uncover common alcohol expectancies. Results: Six themes emerged from this study. Four themes that were commonly reported in the literature were the negative consequences of drinking, social bonding, confidence enhancement, and tension reduction. The study also uncovered two culturally relevant alcohol expectancies: health benefits and business drinking expectancies. In contrast to Western samples, Chinese young adults did not report drinking expectancies related to cognitive enhancement or increased sexual interest. Conclusion: Alcohol harm reduction strategies will need to address the positive drinking expectancies uncovered in this study. Future policy discussions in this emerging alcohol market region should consider greater scrutiny of the role of alcohol marketing in the propagation of positive drinking expectancies.
Future Projections and Uncertainties of CMIP6 for Hydrological Indicators and Their Discrepancies from CMIP5 over South Korea

Future climate projections and their uncertainties affect many aspects of the world, so reliable assessments are essential for policymakers who need to prepare mitigation measures in the context of climate change. In this study, we examined the projected future climate and estimated uncertainty for South Korea using results from the global climate model (GCM), updated from the sixth phase of the coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP6); we then compared the differences in outcome between the fifth and sixth phases of the CMIP (CMIP5 and CMIP6). Future projections were estimated as the averaged climatological mean (denoted as CM¯) for the four proposed hydrological indicators. Model uncertainty (UEMI) and stochastic uncertainty (USTO) were quantified as the range of ensembles of the climatological mean, while the emission uncertainty (UEMI) was estimated as the difference between the CM¯ values of two emission scenarios. The following are the key findings of our study: (1) using an ensemble of multiple GCMs is recommended over using individual GCMs, and models in CMIP6 performed better for reproducing climate during the control period than models in the CMIP5; (2) the CM¯ values in the CMIP6 increased for future periods, especially toward the end of this century, increasing mean temperature (meanTa) by approximately 5 °C, total precipitation (totPr), and daily maximum precipitation (maxDa) by about 20%, and these values were higher than those of the CMIP5; (3) the UGCM, USTO, and UEMI values increased for future periods in most of the indices; (4) the UGCM (for meanTa, totPr, and maxDa) and USTO (for totPr and maxDa) magnitudes in the CMIP6 were higher than those in the CMIP5, while the UEMI values between the two CMIPs were similar for all of the indices; (5) the UGCM was the major source of the largest uncertainty for meanTa, the USTO had a significant impact on future projections of totPr and maxDa, especially in the summer, and the UEMI became the dominant source of uncertainty for projecting the future meanTa, especially in the period farthest from the present. These results should provide useful information for studies that quantify future climate-induced hydrological impacts.
Gravity-driven Transport along Cylindrical Topological Defects : Possible Dark Matter and Nearly Frictionless States

The gravity-driven flow along an annular topological defect (string) with transversely corrugations is investigated by using the verified transition-rate model and boundary perturbation method. We found that for certain activation volume and energy there exists possible frictionless states which might be associated with the missing momentum of inertia or dark matter.
Femtosecond-comb based 10 MHz-to-optical frequency link with uncertainty at the 10−18 level

The International System of Units (SI) definition of the ‘second’ is likely to be redefined in the optical frequency region in the near future. Therefore, uncertainty reduction in the frequency link between 10 MHz, which is used in the frequency link with an artificial satellite, and the ultrastable laser for observing clock transitions in optical clocks, is an important issue for numerical determination in the new definition and for International Atomic Time operation after the redefinition. We have evaluated all the possible uncertainty factors in the frequency link with a femtosecond comb between 10 MHz and an optical frequency and obtained the lowest uncertainty yet reported of 3.9 × 10−18 by temperature-stabilizing RF multipliers and by using temperature insensitive coaxial cables. Furthermore, we have validated the uncertainty of the frequency link by simultaneously measuring an optical frequency of an identical laser using two femtosecond combs referenced to a common 10 MHz source and confirmed to be consistent with the evaluated uncertainty.
Ferroelectric phase transition and maximum dielectric permittivity of displacement type ferroelectrics (BaxSr1−xTiO3)

The main interest in the area of practical applications of ferroelectrics, particularly at the microwave frequency, is oriented now to room temperature. In this connection, ferroelectrics like BaxSr1−xTiO3 should be carefully studied. Such materials are characterized by the second order phase transition. In a perfect ferroelectric crystal, the phase transition takes place at temperature TC, which is called the Curie temperature. Real (defected) crystals and ceramic samples are characterized by a presence of built-in electric field and mechanical strains. In the case of the real crystal, the temperature of the phase transition TC′, is displaced to lower temperature and the temperature of the maximum of e(T)Tm is displaced to higher value with respect to TC. Thus, for the real ferroelectric sample (not for an incipient ferroelectric), one has TC′<TC<Tm. Some investigators suppose by default that TC′=TC=Tm. Such a supposition is wrong and can lead to an incorrect treatment of experimental results. In the cas.
A Tight Upper Bound on the Number of Non-Zero Weights of a Cyclic Code

Let <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> be a simple-root cyclic code and let <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {G}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> be the subgroup of the automorphism group of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> generated by the cyclic shift of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the scalar multiplications of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. In this paper, we find an explicit formula for the number of orbits of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {G}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {C}\setminus \{\mathbf {0}\}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Consequently, an explicit upper bound on the number of non-zero weights of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is immediately derived and a necessary and sufficient condition for codes meeting the bound is exhibited. Several reducible and irreducible cyclic codes meeting the bound are presented, revealing that our bound is tight. In particular, we find that some infinite families of irreducible cyclic codes constructed in (Ding, 2009) meet our bound; we then conclude that such known codes enjoy an additional property that any two codewords with the same weight belong to the same <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {G}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-orbit, a fact that may not have been known before. Our main result improves and generalizes some of the results in (Shi et al., 2019).
Hole superconductivity in the electron-doped superconductor Pr 2-x Ce x CuO 4

We measure the resistivity and Hall angle of the electron-doped superconductor Pr_{2-x}Ce_xCuO_4 as a function of doping and temperature. The resistivity Rho_xx at temperatures 100K < T < 300K is mostly sensitive to the electrons. Its temperature behavior is doping independent over a wide doping range and even for non superconducting samples. On the other hand,the transverse resistivity rho_xy, or the Hall angle theta_H where cot(theta_H) = rho_xx/rho_xy, is sensitive to both holes and electrons. Its temperature dependence is strongly influenced by doping, and cot(theta_H) can be used to identify optimum doping (the maximum Tc) even well above the critical temperature. These results lead to a conclusion that in electron doped cuprates holes are responsible for the superconductivity.
Association between Stigma and Pain in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders

Objective This study aims to explore the association between stigma and pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Methods Two hundred and twenty-five patients with TMDs were recruited, and they completed the questionnaires including the Visual Analogue Scale of Pain (VAS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9), Jaw Functional Limitation Scale 8-item (JFLS-8), the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness 8-item (SSCI-8), and other demographic and disease-related information. The total score of SSCI-8 indicated overall stigma, which could be classified into 2 subdomains, felt stigma and enacted stigma, according to their representative items, respectively. Then, the patients were divided into 2 groups in each subdomain of stigma according to their scores: stigma group (score ≥ 1) and no stigma group (score = 0). Results Patients with overall stigma and enacted stigma presented significantly higher scores in VAS, GAD-7, PHQ-9, and JFLS-8 than those without overall stigma and those without enacted stigma, respectively. Significant differences between patients with and without felt stigma were only observed in GAD-7, PHQ-9, and JFLS-8. Patients with overall stigma and enacted stigma mainly suffered from pain-related TMDs (PTs) and combined TMDs (CTs). Overall stigma and enacted stigma rather than felt stigma were significantly associated with both PTs and CTs. Stigma, including overall stigma, enacted stigma, and felt stigma, was more associated with anxiety and depression and less related to jaw functional limitation of the patients with TMDs. Conclusion Stigma, specifically enacted stigma, was correlated to pain in patients with TMDs. Stigma was more related to psychological problems than jaw functional limitation.
Meat Substitute Development from Fungal Protein (Aspergillus oryzae)

The aim of this research is to develop burger patties from fungal protein. For this purpose, to maximize fungal biomass production, an optimization of the growth medium was initially carried out by testing different carbon sources and its proportion with nitrogen. Subsequently, for the design of the fungal patties, the effect of different flours, binders, and colorants on the properties of texture, water retention capacity, and color were tested, with a traditional animal-based burger patty as a control. Based on the first results, two optimal formulations were chosen and analyzed using an electronic tongue with the same control as reference. The conditions that maximized biomass production were 6 days of incubation and maltodextrin as a carbon source at a concentration of 90 g/L. In terms of product design, the formulation containing quinoa flour, carboxymethylcellulose, and beet extract was the most similar to the control. Finally, through shelf-life analysis, it was determined that the physical characteristics of the fungal meat substitute did not change significantly in an interval of 14 days. However, the product should be observed for a longer period. In addition, by the proximate analysis, it was concluded that fungal patties could have nutritional claims such as rich content in protein and fiber.
Assessment of Biobanking Knowledge and Attitudes towards Biospecimen Donation among Healthcare Providers in Saudi Arabia

Background: Biobanking is a critical cornerstone of the global shift towards precision medicine (PM). This transformation requires smooth and informed interaction between a range of stakeholders involved in the healthcare system. In Saudi Arabia, there is still insufficient awareness of the importance of biobanking and its potential benefits for patients, the healthcare system, and society as a whole. The purpose of this study was to determine the biobanking knowledge of Saudi healthcare providers and the potential factors that might influence their self-reported attitudes toward biospecimen donation and biobanking. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted targeting 636 healthcare providers in Makkah province using a structured, self-administered questionnaire. Results: The study had a response rate of 61%. The mean knowledge level about biobanks was 3.5 (±1.8) out of 7. About one-third of the participants were aware of the Human Genome Project (HGP) (35%) or the term “biobank” (34%). The mean rating of their attitude was 37.3 (±4.3) out of 55. Most participants (74%) had a positive attitude toward medical research. Job position, general health, previous blood tests, knowledge of biobanking, and attitudes toward biomedical research were significantly related and predictors of willingness to donate biospecimens (p < 0.05). However, concerns about biospecimen misuse and confidentiality were the main reasons for not donating biospecimens. Conclusions: This study has shown that healthcare providers mostly lack basic knowledge about HGP and biobanks and their roles and activities, and therefore are generally disinclined to actively participate in biospecimens’ collection and management. It is recommended that medical trainees receive more education and awareness about biobanks and the latest personalized healthcare approaches to improve translational research outcomes and achieve precision medicine.
F-pure thresholds of homogeneous polynomials

In this article, we investigate F-pure thresholds of polynomials that are homogeneous under some N-grading, and have an isolated singularity at the origin. We characterize these invariants in terms of the base p expansion of the corresponding log canonical threshold. As an application, we are able to make precise some bounds on the difference between F-pure and log canonical thresholds established by Musta\c{t}\u{a} and the fourth author. We also examine the set of primes for which the F-pure and log canonical threshold of a polynomial must differ. Moreover, we obtain results in special cases on the ACC conjecture for F-pure thresholds, and on the upper semi-continuity property for the F-pure threshold function.
Assessing the determinants of non-performing loans under financial crisis and health crisis: evidence from the MENA banks

Abstract The main objective of this paper is to investigate determinants of non-performing loans in the Middle East and North Africa region by exploring the role of bank-specific and macroeconomic factors, particularly in the period of the global financial crisis, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic, as a health crisis that translates to an economic crisis. This study includes 74 banks belonging to 11 MENA countries over the period 2005–2020 and uses the two-stage system generalized method of moment estimator. To conduct a comparative analysis, the whole sample is divided into two sub-samples. The first one is related to the Middle East countries and the second one covers North African countries. The empirical findings indicate that the level of non-performing loans is more sensitive to bank specifics than macroeconomic factors. When it comes to macroeconomic factors, macroeconomic environment and institutional quality significantly affect the level of NPLs. However, no significant effect has been detected regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Bio-Engineered Scaffolds Derived from Decellularized Human Esophagus for Functional Organ Reconstruction

Esophageal reconstruction through bio-engineered allografts that highly resemble the peculiar properties of the tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) is a prospective strategy to overcome the limitations of current surgical approaches. In this work, human esophagus was decellularized for the first time in the literature by comparing three detergent-enzymatic protocols. After decellularization, residual DNA quantification and histological analyses showed that all protocols efficiently removed cells, DNA (<50 ng/mg of tissue) and muscle fibers, preserving collagen/elastin components. The glycosaminoglycan fraction was maintained (70–98%) in the decellularized versus native tissues, while immunohistochemistry showed unchanged expression of specific ECM markers (collagen IV, laminin). The proteomic signature of acellular esophagi corroborated the retention of structural collagens, basement membrane and matrix–cell interaction proteins. Conversely, decellularization led to the loss of HLA-DR expression, producing non-immunogenic allografts. According to hydroxyproline quantification, matrix collagen was preserved (2–6 µg/mg of tissue) after decellularization, while Second-Harmonic Generation imaging highlighted a decrease in collagen intensity. Based on uniaxial tensile tests, decellularization affected tissue stiffness, but sample integrity/manipulability was still maintained. Finally, the cytotoxicity test revealed that no harmful remnants/contaminants were present on acellular esophageal matrices, suggesting allograft biosafety. Despite the different outcomes showed by the three decellularization methods (regarding, for example, tissue manipulability, DNA removal, and glycosaminoglycans/hydroxyproline contents) the ultimate validation should be provided by future repopulation tests and in vivo orthotopic implant of esophageal scaffolds.
Personality effect on students’ entrepreneurial intention: The mediating effect of the theory of planned behavior

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the direct effects of personality traits on entrepreneurial intention (EI), the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on EI, as well as the indirect effects of personality traits on EI through the elements of TPB. In order to enhance the originality of this study, the model of personality and the theory of planned behavior were combined to explain entrepreneurial intention (Zhang & Cain, 2017; Sousa, Blamey, Reason, Ramos, & Trigo, 2018). This study utilized a 55-item questionnaire to assess personality traits (openness to experience (O), conscientiousness (C), extraversion (E), agreeableness (A), neuroticism (N), and risk aversion (R)), the elements of TPB (attitude (AT), subjective norms (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC)) and EI (Tsaknis, 2022). The study sample (n = 315) included students of the business department of a public university in Athens. The results indicate that C has a direct negative impact on EI. O, C and E have an indirect positive effect on EI through AT and PBC. N has an indirect negative effect on EI through PBC and finally R has an indirect negative effect on EI through AT and PBC. Finally, AT and PBC have a direct and positive effect on EI. The data were analyzed empirically using the Jamovi program and R language (Rosseel, 2012). In light of these findings, more studies are needed to corroborate and validate the findings presented here, especially in other settings.