Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A parsimonious model of longitudinal stream DOC patterns based on groundwater inputs and in-stream uptake

The supply of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to aquatic ecosystems affects local in-stream processes and downstream transport of DOC in the fluvial network. However, we have an incomplete understanding on how terrestrial DOC inputs alter longitudinal variations of DOC concentration along headwater stream reaches because groundwater discharge, 15 groundwater DOC concentration and in-stream DOC uptake vary at relatively short spatial and temporal scales. In the riparian zone, the convergence of subsurface flow paths can facilitate the inflow of terrestrial DOC from large upslope contributing areas to narrow sections of the stream. We refer to these areas of flow path convergence as discrete riparian inflow points (DRIPs). In this study, we ask how longitudinal patterns of stream DOC concentrations are affected by DRIPs, as they are major inputs of terrestrial DOC and important locations for in-stream processes. We used a mixing model to simulate stream 20 DOC concentrations along a 1.5 km headwater reach for fifteen sampling campaigns with flow conditions ranging from droughts to floods. Four sets of model scenarios were used to compare different representations of hydrology (distributed inputs of DRIPs vs diffuse groundwater inflow), and in-stream processes (passive transport vs in-stream biological uptake). Results showed that under medium (10-50 l/s) and high flow conditions (>50 l/s), accounting for lateral groundwater inputs from DRIPs improved simulations of stream DOC concentrations along the reach. Moreover, in-stream biological uptake 25 improved simulations across low to medium flow conditions (< 50 l/s). Only during an experimental drought, longitudinal patterns of stream DOC concentration were simulated best using diffuse groundwater inflow and passive transport scenarios. These results show that the role of hydrology and in-stream processes on modulating downstream DOC exports varies over time. Importantly, we demonstrate that accounting for preferential groundwater inputs to the stream is needed to capture longitudinal dynamics in mobilization and in-stream uptake of terrestrial DOC. The dominant role of DRIPs in these transport 30 and reaction mechanisms suggests that consideration of DRIPs can improve stream biogeochemistry frameworks and help inform management of near-stream areas that exert a large influence on stream conditions. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-358 Preprint. Discussion started: 28 July 2021 c © Author(s) 2021. CC BY 4.0 License.
Supplementary material to "Response of particle number concentrations to Clean Air Action: Lessons from the first long-term aerosol measurements in a typical urban valley, West China"

The strictest ever Clean Air Action (CAA) has been implemented by Chinese government since 2013 to alleviate the severe haze pollution. The PM2.5 mass concentration was found to be largely 15 reduced in response to emission mitigation policies, but response of particle number concentrations (PNCs) to CAA was less evaluated in the previous studies, which may be largely different from PM2.5 mass due to newly formed particle impacts. In this work, the first in-situ observation of particle number size distributions (PNSDs) during 2012-2019 in urban Lanzhou was used to analyze long-term PNCs variations and CAA impacts. The average number of particles in nucleation (N13-25, particle number in 20 the size range of 13-25 nm), Aitken (N25-100, particle number in the size range of 25-100 nm) and accumulation (N100-800, particle number in the size range of 100-800 nm) modes were respectively 2514.0 cm, 10768.7 cm, and 3258.4 cm, and N25-100 accounted for about 65.1% of total PNCs during the campaign. K-means clustering technique was used to classify the hourly mean PNSDs into six clusters, and each cluster corresponded to a specific source and influencing factor. The polluted 25 clusters governed the winter PNCs before 2016, and their occurrence was less and less frequent after 2016, which was largely dominated by reduction in primary emissions. However, the contribution of new particle formation (NPF) events to summer N13-25 decreased from 50% to about 10% during 2013 to 2015, and then increased to reach around 60% in 2019. The trends of size-resolved PNCs for each cluster were quantified by Theil-Sen regression. The size-segregated PNCs exhibited downward trends 30 for all clusters during 2012-2015, especially in spring. The annual relative slopes of spring PNCs varied https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-433 Preprint. Discussion started: 15 July 2021 c © Author(s) 2021. CC BY 4.0 License.
The Impact of Labor Market Frictions on Corporate Liquidity Management

We show that labor market frictions are first-order for understanding corporate liquidity management. Empirically, labor share positively forecasts corporate cash holding policies in a cross-section of international firms. Furthermore, the relation between labor share and cash policies is stronger for firms with higher wage rigidity. A model with labor market frictions and liquidity management implies strong links between labor variables and cash holding policies. In particular, labor share is positively associated with firms’ investment in cash balances. This is because sticky wages make cash savings more valuable to firms in future states where financing constraints are tightened. A model without wage rigidity does not quantitatively imply these predictions. JEL classification: D22, E23, E44, G32
Projective Dynamics: Fusing Constraint Projections for Fast Simulation

We present a new method for implicit time integration of physical systems. Our approach builds a bridge between nodal Finite Element methods and Position Based Dynamics, leading to a simple, efficient, robust, yet accurate solver that supports many different types of constraints. We propose specially designed energy potentials that can be solved efficiently using an alternating optimization approach. Inspired by continuum mechanics, we derive a set of continuum-based potentials that can be efficiently incorporated within our solver. We demonstrate the generality and robustness of our approach in many different applications ranging from the simulation of solids, cloths, and shells, to example-based simulation. Comparisons to Newton-based and Position Based Dynamics solvers highlight the benefits of our formulation.
High vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 infection and severe disease among residents and staff of long-term care facilities in Norway, November - June 2021

COVID-19 has caused high morbidity and mortality in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) worldwide. We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) among residents and health care workers (HCWs) in LTCFs using Cox regressions. The VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection was 81.5 (95%CI: 75.3-86.1 82.7%) and 81.4% (95%CI: 74.5-86.4%) 7 days or more after 2nd vaccine dose among residents and staff respectively. The VE against COVID-19 associated death was 93.1% among residents, no hospitalisations occurred among HCW 7 days or more after 2nd dose.
Surface deposition of marine fog and its treatment in the WRF model

Surface deposition of marine fog and its treatment in the WRF model 1 2 Peter A. Taylor1, Zheqi Chen1, Li Cheng1, Soudeh Afsharian1, Wensong Weng1, George A. 3 Isaac1,2, Terry W. Bullock3, Yongsheng Chen1 4 5 1 Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, 6 Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada 7 2 Weather Impacts Consulting Incorporated, 20 Pine Ridge Trail, Barrie, Ontario, L4M 4Y8, Canada 8 3 Met-Ocean & Digital Environment Solutions, 133 Crosbie Road, St. John’s, NL, A1B 4A5, Canada 9 10 Correspondence to: Peter Taylor (pat@yorku.ca) 11 12
Metastatic Vulval Crohn’s Disease With Good Outcome on Ustekinumab

Vulval Crohn’s disease is a rare manifestation of Crohn’s disease. Although it is usually caused by a fistulating process, it may be a result of a metastatic disease process as well, the exact mechanisms of which are not well understood yet. Vulval Crohn’s disease may occur before the onset of bowel symptoms and may continue to be active while bowel symptoms are quiescent. Coupled with the fact that most vulval Crohn’s lesions are similar to other disease processes, it can prove to be a diagnostic challenge. Due to its rarity, no guidelines for treatment exist; however, most reports agree that when symptoms are not controlled with antibiotics and topical steroids, immunosuppressive medications such as oral steroids and biological agents are the way forward. Although surgery may be an option, data suggest that its use is scarce. We report the case of a 47-year-old Caucasian woman with bilateral metastatic vulval Crohn’s disease from a district hospital in the United Kingdom who responded well to ustekinumab. This is one of the first few cases reporting good clinical outcomes with the agent.
iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis of the hepatoprotective effect of melatonin on ANIT-induced cholestasis in rats

The therapeutic effects of melatonin on cholestatic liver injury have received widespread attention recently. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms of the anti-cholestatic effects of melatonin against α-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced liver injury in rats and to screen for potential biomarkers of cholestasis through isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomics. Rats orally received melatonin (100 mg/kg body weight) or an equivalent volume of 0.25% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt 12 h after intraperitoneal injection of ANIT (75 mg/kg) and were subsequently sacrificed at 36 h after injection. Liver biochemical indices were determined and liver tissue samples were stained using hematoxylin-eosin staining, followed by iTRAQ quantitative proteomics to identify potential underlying therapeutic mechanisms and biomarkers. The results suggested that the expression levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were reduced in the rats treated with melatonin. Histopathological observation indicated that melatonin was effective in the treatment of ANIT-induced cholestasis. iTRAQ proteomics results suggested that melatonin-mediated reduction in ANIT-induced cholestasis may be associated with enhanced antioxidant function and relieving abnormal fatty acid metabolism. According to pathway enrichment analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, the major metabolic pathways for the metabolism of melatonin are fatty acid degradation, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway, fatty acid metabolism, chemical carcinogenesis, carbon metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis and retinol metabolism, as well as drug metabolism via cytochrome P450. Malate dehydrogenase 1 and glutathione S-transferase Yb-3 may serve as potential targets in the treatment of ANIT-induced cholestasis with melatonin.
Metabolic reprogramming of cancer-associated fibroblasts and its effect on cancer cell reprogramming

Cancer cells are well-known for adapting their metabolism to maintain high proliferation rates and survive in unfavorable environments with low oxygen and nutritional deficiency. Metabolic reprogramming most commonly arises from the tumor microenvironment (TME). The events of metabolic pathways include the Warburg effect, shift in Krebs cycle metabolites, and increase rate of oxidative phosphorylation that provides the energy for the development and invasion of cancer cells. The TME and shift in tumor metabolism shows a close relationship through bidirectional signaling pathways between the stromal and tumor cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the main type of stromal cells in the TME and consist of a heterogeneous and plastic population that play key roles in tumor growth and metastatic capacity. Emerging evidence suggests that CAFs act as major regulators in shaping tumor metabolism especially through the dysregulation of several metabolic pathways, including glucose, amino acid, and lipid metabolism. The arrangement of these metabolic switches is believed to shape distinct CAF behavior and change tumor cell behavior by the CAFs. The crosstalk between cancer cells and CAFs is associated with cell metabolic reprogramming that contributes to cancer cell growth, progression, and evasion from cancer therapies. But the mechanism and process of this interaction remain unclear. This review aimed to highlight the metabolic couplings between tumor cells and CAFs. We reviewed the recent literature supporting an important role of CAFs in the regulation of cancer cell metabolism, and the relevant pathways, which may serve as targets for therapeutic interventions.
Plasma-Derived Exosomal hsa-miR-4488 and hsa-miR-1228-5p: Novel Biomarkers for Dermatomyositis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease with Anti-Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Protein 5 Antibody-Positive Subset

The present study is aimed at profiling circulating exosome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) from patients with dermatomyositis (DM), in particular those complicated with interstitial lung disease (ILD) with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) antibody-positive. Fifteen participants were enrolled, including five patients with DM complicated with ILDs prior to treatment with circulating anti-MDA5 antibody-positive status [DM-ILD-MDA5 Ab(+)], five DM patients without ILDs who were negative for 16 detectable myositis-specific antibodies [DM-nonILD-MSA16(-)], and five age- and gender-matched healthy donor controls (HCs). The characteristics of the exosomes extracted by Ribo™ Exosome Isolation Reagent were identified using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and flow cytometry. Differentially expressed miRNAs, determined by next-generation deep sequencing, were identified through the criteria of ∣log2 fold change | ≥1 and P < 0.01. A total of 38 miRNAs were significantly upregulated in exosomes from patients with DM-ILD-MDA5 Ab(+) compared to those from HC, while 21 miRNAs were significantly downregulated. Compared to exosomes derived from patients with DM-nonILD-MSA16(-), 51 miRNAs were significantly upregulated and 33 miRNAs were significantly downregulated from patients with DM-ILD-MDA5 Ab(+). A total of 73 exosomal miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed between DM-nonILD-MSA16(-) and HC. In particular, two miRNAs, Homo sapiens- (hsa-) miR-4488 and hsa-miR-1228-5p, were common differentially expressed miRNAs among three comparisons. GO and KEGG analyses suggested that several pathways may contribute the pathogenesis of DM-ILD-MDA5 Ab(+) and DM-nonILD-MSA16(-), while PPI network analysis of hsa-miR-4488 and hsa-miR-1228-5p indicated that their predicted target genes, DExD-box helicase 39B and MDM2, may be involved in the mechanisms of DM-ILD-MDA5 Ab(+).
Inhibition of Fatty Acid Metabolism Increases EPA and DHA Levels and Protects against Myocardial Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury in Zucker Rats

Long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are known to induce cardiometabolic benefits, but the metabolic pathways of their biosynthesis ensuring sufficient bioavailability require further investigation. Here, we show that a pharmacological decrease in overall fatty acid utilization promotes an increase in the levels of PUFAs and attenuates cardiometabolic disturbances in a Zucker rat metabolic syndrome model. Metabolome analysis showed that inhibition of fatty acid utilization by methyl-GBB increased the concentration of PUFAs but not the total fatty acid levels in plasma. Insulin sensitivity was improved, and the plasma insulin concentration was decreased. Overall, pharmacological modulation of fatty acid handling preserved cardiac glucose and pyruvate oxidation, protected mitochondrial functionality by decreasing long-chain acylcarnitine levels, and decreased myocardial infarct size twofold. Our work shows that partial pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid oxidation is a novel approach to selectively increase the levels of PUFAs and modulate lipid handling to prevent cardiometabolic disturbances.
Effect of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Coupled with Resin-Containing and Xylitol-Containing Fluoride Varnishes on Enamel Erosion

Purpose Considering the suggested advantages of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in increasing the fluoride uptake by the enamel, this study aimed to assess enamel erosion following the application of helium CAP and two types of fluoride varnishes. Methods The microhardness of 70 bovine enamel specimens was measured using a Vickers hardness tester. The specimens were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 10): control, CAP (P), resin-containing fluoride varnish (RF), CAP + resin-containing fluoride varnish (PRF), fluoride varnish (F), CAP + fluoride varnish (PF), and erosion (E). The specimens in the control and erosion groups did not receive CAP or fluoride varnish. All specimens underwent erosive challenge 4 times/day using hydrochloric acid and artificial saliva except for the control specimens that remained in distilled water during the course of the study. After 5 days of erosive challenge, microhardness was measured again, and the percentage of microhardness change was calculated. Surface roughness of two specimens in each group was assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tamhane's post-hoc test. Results The percentage of microhardness change in all groups was significantly higher than that of the control group. All groups showed significantly lower percentage of microhardness change compared with the E group except for the P group; no significant difference was noted in microhardness change of P and E groups. Other experimental groups had no significant difference with each other. Surface roughness was the highest in PRF and the lowest in the F group. Conclusion CAP application had no significant effect on increasing the enamel resistance to erosion. However, enamel resistance to erosion increased significantly after fluoride varnish application alone or fluoride varnish application combined with CAP. No significant difference was noted between the two types of varnishes in this regard. CAP increased the surface roughness while fluoride varnish application alone decreased the roughness.
What Are the Real-World Podcast-Listening Habits of Medical Professionals?

Introduction Educational podcasts are increasingly being utilized by health professionals for continuing education, but how they are being used remains poorly understood. Given their extensive reach, they represent a phenomenal opportunity for researchers to engage in knowledge translation of their scholarly works. The design, study, and effectiveness of these resources should be informed by a deeper understanding of their pragmatic usage. We aimed to prospectively determine the pragmatic, real-world listening habits of health professionals. Methods We performed a prospective observational study of a broad, interprofessional sample of participants (medical students, residents, physicians, nurses, physician assistants, and paramedics) recruited through a multimodal social media (Twitter and Facebook) campaign. Recruitment materials included an infographic and study website. Participants listened to eight podcasts and described their use of each in subsequent questionnaires. Results A total of 393 participants enrolled in the study, and 241 completed the survey for all eight podcasts. Listening behaviors were consistent across the podcasts with the majority selecting a normal speed of playback and engaging in concomitant activities such as driving. One-third of participants paused the podcasts due to interruption. Conclusion We describe the prospective use of medical podcasts by a cohort of health professionals. This work should inform the role of podcasts in the communication of medical research.
Development and Validation of a Clinical Prognostic Risk Score to Predict Early Neonatal Mortality, Ethiopia: A Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Analysis

Background Early neonatal death is the death of a live-born baby within the first seven days of life, which is 73% of all postnatal deaths in the globe. This study aimed to develop and validate a prognostic clinical risk tool for the prediction of early neonatal death. Methods A prospective follow-up study was conducted among 393 neonates at Debre Tabor Referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Multivariable logistic regression model was employed to identify potential prognostic determinants for early neonatal mortality. Area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) was used to check the model discrimination probability using ‘pROC’ R-package. Model calibration plot was checked using ‘givitiR’ R-package. Finally, a risk score prediction tool was developed for ease of applicability. Decision curve analysis was done for cost-benefit analysis and to check the clinical impact of the model. Results Overall, 15.27% (95% CI: 12.03–19.18) of neonates had the event of death during the follow-up period. Maternal undernutrition, antenatal follow-up less than four times, birth asphyxia, low birth weight, and not exclusive breastfeeding were the prognostic predictors of early neonatal mortality. The AUROC for the reduced model was 88.7% (95% CI: 83.8–93.6%), which had good discriminative probability. The AUROC of the simplified risk score algorithm was 87.8% (95% CI, 82.7–92.9%). The sensitivity and specificity of the risk score tool was 70% and 89%, respectively. The true prediction accuracy of the risk score tool to predict early neonatal mortality was 86%, and the false prediction probability was 13%. Conclusion We developed an early neonatal death prediction tool using easily available maternal and neonatal characteristics for resource-limited settings. This risk prediction using risk score is an easily applicable tool to identify neonates at a higher risk of having early neonatal mortality. This risk score tool would offer an opportunity to reduce early neonatal mortality, thus improving the overall early neonatal death in a resource-limited setting.