Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disclosure Experiences and Challenges Among Children and Adolescents Living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria-A Review of the Literature

Context: Disclosure of HIV positive infection status in children and Adolescents is multifaceted and should take into consideration their age, psychosocial maturity, cultural and clinical context. This study was conducted to examine disclosure experiences and challenges among children and ALWHA in Nigeria. Evidence Acquisition: We conducted narrative review of relevant literatures by searching PubMed, Google scholar and Medscape using predetermined keywords. Results: Findings are presented under themes of process of disclosure and age of disclosure, reasons and challenges of disclosure, reactions and responses to disclosure, consistent with various authors. This study shows that the mean age and reasons for HIV positive status disclosure are variable. Disclosure was mostly executed at home and mostly carried out by parents or caregivers of HIV-infected children. Reactions of children and ALWHA upon disclosure was mainly negative and ranged from feeling of anger to expression of shock to feeling of sadness and to crying. Barriers to HIV-positive status disclosure among caregivers were perceived sense immaturity and age of the child, fear of stigma, fear of child’s inability to cope, fear of blaming the parents and refusal to take antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. While caregivers highlighted several factors that affect disclosure of HIV status to children and adolescents, this study reveals both positive and negative impact on their emotions. Conclusions: It is of note that approach to disclosure is critical, therefore caregivers and healthcare workers should be properly trained and supported with resources required to effectively carry out disclosure. There is need for continuous research to understand and develop age and culture specific approaches to disclosure in children and adolescents in Nigeria.
The influence of pilot injection on high-temperature ignition processes and early flame structure in a high-speed direct injection diesel engine

Simultaneous high-speed natural luminosity and OH* chemiluminescence imaging is used to characterize high-temperature ignition processes in conventional diesel combustion with a pilot-main injection strategy in a single-cylinder, light-duty optical diesel engine. High-speed imaging provides temporally and spatially resolved information in terms of high-temperature ignition processes and flame structure during the combustion. Using these imaging measurements, the high-temperature inflammation and the diffusion flame development processes are analyzed. The chemiluminescence signal shows a hot, reactive mixture, which gradually decreases after the peak release of the pilot combustion and lasts long after the apparent heat release has ended. Therefore, when the reactive pilot mixture exists near the main injection jets, the high-temperature ignition of the main injection is apparently initiated through interactions with the reactive pilot mixture. High-temperature autoignition, another process by which ignition of the main injection occurs, is observed in main injection plumes where the chemiluminescence signal of the reactive pilot mixture becomes very weak or is absent at the start of main injection. As the reaction of the main injection continues, the non-premixed main injection jet structure is developed and the high-temperature reacting region expands throughout the jet.
Detrimental Associations of Cumulative Trauma, COVID-19 Infection Indicators, Avoidance, and Loneliness With Sleep and Negative Emotionality in Emerging Adulthood During the Pandemic

While effects of COVID-19 on physical health are the subject of much research, it is also important to understand risk factors for negative psychosocial and behavioral outcomes. Undergraduates (N = 490, Mage = 20.4) completed measures regarding prior trauma, COVID-19 infection indicators, stressors and trauma, coping, loneliness, social support, sleep behaviors, and negative emotionality. Results demonstrate that pre-existing trauma, COVID-19 stressors, loneliness, and avoidant coping exhibit independent and synergistic associations with poor sleep quality and negative emotionality. Associations between both COVID-19 stressors and avoidant coping with sleep quality were the strongest among those with higher levels of cumulative trauma. Avoidant coping was most strongly associated with higher levels of negative emotions among those reporting COVID infection indicators. Findings suggest a comprehensive set of specific pandemic and general life factors associated with worse outcomes, contributing to the development of a conceptual model of pandemic behavioral and emotional risk for emerging adults.
Viscoelastic Fluid Factor Inversion and Application in Luojia Oilfield Based on Broadband Impedance

Based on the physical quantity of log data, the accurate identification of oil- and gas-bearing properties may be caused by the prestack inversion of fluid prediction, which will affect the success rate of exploration and development. Prestack data contain more information of amplitude and frequency. Using the frequency-dependent viscoelastic impedance equation and Bayesian inversion framework, the objective function of frequency-dependent elastic impedance inversion can be established to realize the frequency-dependent impedance inversion at different angles. According to the elastic impedance equation of the frequency-varying viscoelastic fluid factor, the relationship between elastic impedance and the frequency-dependent viscoelastic fluid factor is established, and the prestack seismic inversion method of the frequency-dependent viscoelastic fluid factor is studied. However, one of the important factors easily neglected is that we have been using logging data to establish fluid-sensitive parameters and the lithophysical version for fluid identification, so there are differences between logging and seismic frequency bands for fluid identification. The indicator factors with higher sensitivity to fluid can be selected by laboratory measurements. This article applies this method on Luojia oilfield data and verifies this method with log interpretation results, based on the sample of rock physics obtained in a low-frequency rock physics experiment; the technique of dispersion and fluid-sensitive parameters is studied, and the fluid prediction technology of a multifrequency band rock physics template is adopted, which can build the relationship between rock physical elastic parameters and fluid properties by the multifrequency broadband impedance method.
Facilitating self-efficacy in university students: an interactive approach with Flipped Classroom

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to investigate the perceived self-efficacy of university students after experiencing several Flipped Classroom sessions at different time points: prior to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic (onsite instruction) and after confinement at home (online instruction). The study's methodology followed a quantitative approach in which a total of 376 university students who had experienced the Flipped Learning sessions completed a general self-efficacy questionnaire. The results showed that the perceived self-efficacy is influenced by the academic year in which the students are enrolled, the modality in which the Flipped Classroom experience has been implemented (online or onsite) and the predisposition to innovation. In terms of practical implications, the Flipped Classroom applied in online formats could be a highly useful resource for designing active learning environments in which university students could improve their sense of self-efficacy. Consequently, their expectations and academic performance could also be improved.
Digital Twin Application for Model-Based DoE to Rapidly Identify Ideal Process Conditions for Space-Time Yield Optimization

The fast exploration of a design space and identification of the best process conditions facilitating the highest space-time yield are of great interest for manufacturers. To obtain this information, depending on the design space, a large number of practical experiments must be performed, analyzed, and evaluated. To reduce this experimental effort and increase the process understanding, we evaluated a model-based design of experiments to rapidly identify the optimum process conditions in a design space maximizing space-time yield. From a small initial dataset, hybrid models were implemented and used as digital bioprocess twins, thus obtaining the recommended optimal experiment. In cases where these optimum conditions were not covered by existing data, the experiment was carried out and added to the initial data set, re-training the hybrid model. The procedure was repeated until the model gained certainty about the best process conditions, i.e., no new recommendations. To evaluate this workflow, we utilized different initial data sets and assessed their respective performances. The fastest approach for optimizing the space-time yield in a three-dimensional design space was found with five initial experiments. The digital twin gained certainty after four recommendations, leading to a significantly reduced experimental effort compared to other state-of-the-art approaches. This highlights the benefits of in silico design space exploration for accelerating knowledge-based bioprocess development, and reducing the number of hands-on experiments, time, energy, and raw materials.
Using Podcast Media on Teaching Listening in New Normal Era

The objective of this study was to describe the application of using podcast media on the teaching listening. The students did not interest and experience difficulty while learning listening because the media of listening was too monotonous and lack of innovation. Podcast is a combination of two words namely "iPod" (the name of a brand) and broadcast. This is a medium in the form of sound or video that can be accessed and followed via internet. This study used qualitative appoarch. The subject of this study was the 10th grade students on X sosbas 1(b) class of Antartika Sidoarjo Senior High School with total 15 students. In this study, researcher used participant observation, questionnaire and interview as a data collection techniques. The data of this study analyzed using data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing. Based on the result of participant observation, questionnaire and interview, it can be seen that the use of podcast in learning listening made the students easier to understand the material and the students felt happy and comfort while learning listening.Keywords: Podcast, teaching listening, new normal era
University Students’ Emotions When Using E-Portfolios in Virtual Education Environments

This paper is based on a study that aims to understand the emotions students feel when they use the e-portfolio to manage their learning and assessment. The sample was composed of 358 students, and the instrument used was an ad hoc questionnaire. The students were asked to indicate the degree to which they experienced a set of emotions when using the e-portfolio. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that positive emotions are foremost and above average, ranked as follows from strongest to weakest: freedom, motivation, curiosity, and inquiry. The students evaluated negative emotions (disorientation and waste of time) as experienced less strongly. The results point out that younger students feel more comfortable with the use of technologies and specifically with the e-portfolio. In addition, men experienced the emotion “freedom” more than women. On the other hand, students in the third year of their respective degree programs experienced “freedom”, “curiosity”, and “inquiry” when using the e-portfolio to manage their learning. A clear relationship thus exists between emotions, motivation, and e-portfolio use, which appears to confirm that work in virtual contexts with this strategy stimulates student motivation.
An Investigation into the Difficulties of Using Transitional Words in Kurdish EFL Students’ Writing at the University Level

The aim of this research is to deal with the use of different kinds of transitional words in Kurdish EFL students’ writing in two different levels. Namely, Kurdish EFL second- and third-year students often encounter problems of using transitional words when they want to write any kinds of paragraphs, essays in academic writing lectures. They have particularly made various kinds of mistakes while writing argumentative or persuasive essays. This study comprises of theoretical background and data analysis for samples of writing. It also proposes possible pedagogical implications and recommendations which cover doable teaching strategies for improving writing practice and academic writing. The result shows that second year students have inadequate ability and skills to use different kinds of transitional words. On the other hand, third year students have more abilities, but they have often misrepresented or clichéd most of the types of transitional words.
Impact of Salinity on the Growth and Chemical Composition of Two Underutilized Wild Edible Greens: Taraxacum officinale and Reichardia picroides

Soil salinization is one of the major environmental factors responsible for limited crop production throughout the world. Therefore, there is urgent need to find tolerant/resistant species to exploit in commercial cultivation systems. In this context, the valorization of wild edible greens for human consumption and/or medicinal purposes is gaining more and more interest. The aim of the present work was to study the effect of salinity, e.g., electrical conductivity: 2 mS cm−1 (nutrient solution EC), 6 mS cm−1 and 10 mS cm−1 on plant growth and chemical composition of Reichardia picroides and Taraxacum officinale plants grown in a floating hydroponic system. The results showed that R. picroides is a moderately salt-tolerant species, as the majority of plant growth parameters determined were not negatively affected under the treatment of 6 mS cm−1. On the other hand, the growth parameters of T. officinale plants were severely affected under the same conditions. Moreover, high salinity levels (EC at 10 mS cm−1) impaired the growth of both species. The content of leaves in chlorophylls (a, b and total), carotenoids+xanthophylls and total soluble solids was not significantly affected by the tested EC levels in both species, whereas the titratable acidity increased under the treatment of 10 mS cm−1. Moreover, R. picroides exhibited a more effective adaptation mechanism against saline conditions than T. officinale, as evidenced by the higher accumulation of osmolytes such as proline and the higher shoot K content, probably through a more efficient K/Na selectivity. In conclusion, both species were severely affected by high salinity; however, R. picroides showed promising results regarding its commercial cultivation under moderate salinity levels, especially in regions where resources of high-quality irrigation water are limited.
Optimization of Spray-Drying Process with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for Preparing High Quality Graphene Oxide Slurry

The “Drying-redissolution” method is promising for the industrial production of high-concentration well-dispersed graphene oxide slurry (GOS). As the potential key step in this method, the spray drying process requires a statistical investigation which guides the large-scale preparation of graphene oxide powder (GOP). This work systematically studies the effects of operating parameters, including nozzle airflow rate (439–895 L·h−1), atomization pressure (0.5–0.7 MPa), and liquid feed rate (3.0–9.0 mL·min−1), by using the response surface methodology integrated Box–Behnken design (RSM–BBD), aiming to produce GOP with high yield and easy re-dispersion. The optimized spray drying condition is predicted to be 439 L·h−1, 0.59 MPa, and 9.0 mL·min−1, at which a powder yield of 70.45% can be achieved. The experimentally obtained GOP has an average particle size of 11.65 μm and the low crumpling degree of the particle morphology results in the good re-dispersibility (97.95%) and excellent adsorption performance (244.1 mg·g−1) of GOP. The GOS prepared by the spray-dried GOP possess low viscosity and high exfoliation efficiency with a single-layer fraction up to 90.8%, exhibiting good prospects for application. This work first applied the RSM–BBD model on the spray drying process of GO, and evidenced the possibility of producing high-quality GO slurry with the “drying-redissolution” method.
New Evidence for 4.32 Ga Ancient Silicic Volcanism on the Moon

The currently available Apollo‐returned granitic lithology is restricted to only the nearside of the Moon (e.g., Procellarum KREEP Terrane [PKT]). In contrast, lunar meteorites represent randomly ejected crustal material, and they extend our understanding of the lunar magmatic history through time and space. Here, we report a 4,321.5 ± 5.2 Ma (2σ) granitic fragment found in lunar basaltic breccia meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 10,447, which is compositionally similar to the regoliths from the Moon's Non‐PKT regions. This granitic fragment has crystallization age similar to the oldest (∼4.32 Ga) granites sampled during the Apollo 12 and 17 missions, and adds to the growing evidence of ancient silicic volcanism on the Moon. In addition, this newly identified granitic fragment in the Th‐ and TiO2‐ poor breccia NWA 10447 provides evidence for that lunar granite may occur outside of the PKT of the Moon (i.e., the mare region with low Th and TiO2 contents).
Evaluation of Desho Grass for Their Agronomic Performances and Nutritive Values in Highland and Midland Areas of Guji Zone, Southern Oromia, Ethiopia

The study was conducted with the objective to identify adaptability, high fresh biomass and dry matter yield of desho grass varieties. Four desho grass varieties; Kindo Kosha DZF No# 591, Areka DZF No# 590, Kulumsa DZF No # 592 and Kindo Kosha DZF No# 589 were evaluated in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. At highland area the revealed result that fresh biomass, leaf length per plant and plant height were significantly (P<0.05) differ among the treatments. The highest value of plant height was measured from Kindo Kosha DZF No# 589 (102.6 cm) followed by Areka DZF No# 590, Kulumsa DZF No # 592 (97.7 cm) varieties, while the shortest plant height was recorded from Kindo Kosha DZF No# 591 (91.2 cm) variety. The highest dry matter yield was obtained from Areka DZF No# 590 (30.53t/ha), while the lowest dry matter yield was produced from Kindo Kosha DZF No# 591 (24.8 t/ha). The highest survive rate was measured from Areka DZF No# 590 (63.3%) followed by Kindo Kosha DZF No# 589 (61.3%) varieties. Chemical composition showed that Areka DZF No# 590 was highest in Dry matter (DM) (95.5%) and the lowest dry matter (DM) was obtain from Kindo Kosha DZF No# 591 (94.2%) variety. At Midland area the revealed result that number of tiller per plant, number of leaf per plant, leaf length per plant, fresh biomass and plant height were significantly (P<0.05) differ among the treatments. The highest plant height was measured from Areka DZF No# 590 (108.6 cm) followed by Kindo Kosha DZF No# 589 (107 cm) while the lowest plant height was measured from Kindo Kosha DZF No# 591 (95.3cm) variety. The highest dry matter yield was measured from Areka DZF No# 590 (27.13 t/ha) variety. The highest in Dry matter (DM) (95.02%) and lowest in Acid detergent fiber (ADF) was measured from Areka DZF No# 590 (43.8%) varieties. The highest crude protein (CP) was measured from Kulumsa DZF No # 592 (10.6%) followed by Kindo Kosha DZF No# 591 (9.8%). The result implies that Kindo Kosha DZF No# 589 and Areka DZF No# 590 and Kindo Kosha DZF No# 591 varieties were well performed in agronomic, yield and quality parameters. Thus it could be possible to conclude that the desho grass varieties should be recommended for improving the constraint of feed shortage in highland and midland of Guji zone and similar agro ecologies.
Diversity of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Olive Anthracnose Worldwide

Olive anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species causes dramatic losses of fruit yield and oil quality worldwide. A total of 185 Colletotrichum isolates obtained from olives and other hosts showing anthracnose symptoms in Spain and other olive-growing countries over the world were characterized. Colony and conidial morphology, benomyl-sensitive, and casein-hydrolysis activity were recorded. Multilocus alignments of ITS, TUB2, ACT, CHS-1, HIS3, and/or GAPDH were conducted for their molecular identification. The pathogenicity of the most representative Colletotrichum species was tested to olive fruits and to other hosts, such as almonds, apples, oleander, sweet oranges, and strawberries. In general, the phenotypic characters recorded were not useful to identify all species, although they allowed the separation of some species or species complexes. ITS and TUB2 were enough to infer Colletotrichum species within C. acutatum and C. boninense complexes, whereas ITS, TUB2, ACT, CHS-1, HIS-3, and GADPH regions were necessary to discriminate within the C. gloesporioides complex. Twelve Colletotrichum species belonging to C. acutatum, C. boninense, and C. gloeosporioides complexes were identified, with C. godetiae being dominant in Spain, Italy, Greece, and Tunisia, C. nymphaeae in Portugal, and C. fioriniae in California. The highest diversity with eight Colletotrichum spp. was found in Australia. Significant differences in virulence to olives were observed between isolates depending on the Colletotrichum species and host origin. When other hosts were inoculated, most of the Colletotrichum isolates tested were pathogenic in all the hosts evaluated, except for C. siamense to apple and sweet orange fruits, and C. godetiae to oleander leaves.
Regulatory T Cell Therapy of Graft-versus-Host Disease: Advances and Challenges

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Immunomodulation using regulatory T cells (Tregs) offers an exciting option to prevent and/or treat GVHD as these cells naturally function to maintain immune homeostasis, can induce tolerance following HSCT, and have a tissue reparative function. Studies to date have established a clinical safety profile for polyclonal Tregs. Functional enhancement through genetic engineering offers the possibility of improved potency, specificity, and persistence. In this review, we provide the most up to date preclinical and clinical data on Treg cell therapy with a particular focus on GVHD. We discuss the different Treg subtypes and highlight the pharmacological and genetic approaches under investigation to enhance the application of Tregs in allo-HSCT. Lastly, we discuss the remaining challenges for optimal clinical translation and provide insights as to future directions of the field.