Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VISUALIZATION MODULE OF DENSITY-BASED CLUSTERING FOR HOTSPOT DISTRIBUTION IN INDONESIA USING MAPSERVER

A web-based Geographic Information System (GIS) has been built by previous researchers to visualize hotspots data in Indonesia. That GIS still has not contained a hotspot analysis module. Data mining method can be used to analyze hotspot data. This research aims to develop and to integrate a clustering module of hotspot in GIS which has been developed in the previous research. The clustering module for grouping hotspot data was built using the DBSCAN algorithm with PHP programming language. Clustering hotspot data was performed based on year, month, and province. Clustering parameters are epsilon and minimum points (MinPts). Epsilon value that used ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 while MinPts ranges from 1 to 6. The clustering results are shown in form of table which consists of the attribute Province, Regency, Latitude, Longitude and Cluster. Cluster column is the final result of clustering using algorithm DBSCAN. The attribute cluster represents clusters are visualized using the map of Indonesia that was built using MapServer. Visualization can help parties involved in making effective and efficient decisions to prevent forest fires.Key words: clustering, DBSCAN algorithm, geographic information system, hotspot
Quantitative imaging of coronary blood flow

Adam M. Alessio received his PhD in Electrical Engineering from the University of Notre Dame in 2003. During his graduate studies he developed tomographic reconstruction methods for correlated data and helped construct a high-resolution PET system. He is currently a Research Assistant Professor in Radiology at the University of Washington. His research interests focus on improved data processing and reconstruction algorithms for PET/CT systems with an emphasis on quantitative imaging. Erik Butterworth recieved the BA degree in Mathematics from the University of Chicago in 1977. Between 1977 and 1987 he worked as a computer programmer/analyst for several small commercial software firms. Since 1988, he has worked as a software engineer on various research projects at the University of Washington. Between 1988 and 1993 he developed a real-time data aquisition for the analysis of estuarine sediment transport in the department of Geophysics. Between 1988 and 2002 he developed I4, a system for the display and analysis of cardic PET images in the department of Cardiology. Since 1993 he has worked on physiological simulation systems (XSIM from 1993 to 1999, JSim since 1999) at the National Simulation Resource Facility in Cirulatory Mass Transport and Exchange, in the Department of Bioengineering. His research interests include simulation systems and medical imaging. James H. Caldwell, MD, University of Missouri-Columbia 1970, is Professor of Medicine (Cardiology) and Radiology and Adjunct Professor of Bioengineering at the University of Washington School of Medicine and Acting Head, Division of Cardiology and Director of Nuclear Cardiology for the University of Washington Hospitals, Seattle WA, USA. James B. Bassingthwaighte, MD, Toronto 1955, PhD Mayo Grad Sch Med 1964, was Professor of Physiology and of Medicine at Mayo Clinic until 1975 when he moved to the University of Washington to chair Bioengineering. He is Professor of Bioengineering and Radiology. In 1979, he established a National Simulation Resource Facility in Circulatory Mass Transport and Exchange and in 1997, he initiated the Human Physiome Projects. He is a member of the US National Academy of Engineering. His research is on quantitative integration of cellular and cardiovascular systems. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear medicine imaging modality based on the administration of a positron-emitting radiotracer, the imaging of the distribution and kinetics of the tracer, and the interpretation of the physiological events and their meaning with respect to health and disease. PET imaging was introduced in the 1970s and numerous advances in radiotracers and detection systems have enabled this modality to address a wide variety of clinical tasks, such as the detection of cancer, staging of Alzheimer's disease, and assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD). This review provides a description of the logic and the logistics of the processes required for PET imaging and a discussion of its use in guiding the treatment of CAD. Finally, we outline prospects and limitations of nanoparticles as agents for PET imaging.
Basal Metabolic Rate in Relation to Body Composition and Daily Energy Expenditure in the Field Vole, Microtus agrestis

Basal metabolic rate in the field vole (Microtus agrestis) was studied in relation to body composition and daily energy expenditure in the field. Daily energy expenditure was measured by means of doubly labelled water (D218O). In the same individuals, basal metabolic rate was subsequently derived from O₂ consumption in an open-circuit system in the laboratory. Body composition was obtained by dissecting the animals and determining fresh, dry, and lean dry mass of different organs. Daily energy expenditure for free-living field voles ranged from 1.8 to 4.5 times basal metabolic rate, with an average of 2.9 times basal metabolic rate. Variation in both daily energy expenditure and basal metabolic rate was best explained by body mass. Gender or reproductive activity did not have significant additive effects. Daily energy expenditure and basal metabolic rate showed significant positive relationships to body mass with similar mass exponents of 0.493 and 0.526, respectively. Overall, there was a significant correlation between daily energy expenditure and basal metabolic rate, but the mass-independent residuals (deviations from the allometrically predicted values) did not correlate. Carcass analysis revealed that a number of organs were slightly better predictors for daily energy expenditure and basal metabolic rate than was fresh body mass. Mass-independent residuals of lean dry heart mass and basal metabolic rate were positively correlated, which is in agreement with the idea that basal metabolic rate reflects the size of metabolically active organs. The study does not provide support for an intraindividual association of basal metabolic rate with daily energy expenditure in the field.
Ecology of Armillaria species on silver fir (Abies alba) in the Spanish Pyrenees

Abstract• We describe the distribution and the ecology of three Armillaria species observed in silver fir (Abies alba) forests of the Pyrenees. • We surveyed the presence and abundance of Armillaria above and belowground in 29 stands. Isolates were identified by the PCR-RFLP pattern of the IGS-1 region of their ribosomal DNA. We measured several ecological and management parameters of each stand in order to describe Armillaria infected sites. • Armillaria cepistipes was the most abundant of three species observed. Armillaria gallica was dominant in soils with a higher pH and at lower elevations. Armillaria ostoyae seemed to be more frequent in stands where A. alba recently increased its dominance relative to other forest tree species. Thinning activities correlated with an increased abundance of Armillaria belowground. In 83% of the stands the same Armillaria species was observed above and belowground. • It seems that in a conifer forest, A. cepistipes can be more frequent than A. ostoyae, a virulent conifer pathogen. Since logging is related to a higher abundance of Armillaria in the soil, the particular Armillaria species present in a given stand could be considered an additional site factor when making management decisions. Résumé• Nous décrivons la distribution et l’écologie de trois espèces d’Armillaria sur le sapin blanc (Abies alba) dans les forêts pyrénéennes• Nous avons recherché la présence d’Armillaire au dessus du sol et dans le sol dans 29 peuplements. Les isolats ont été identifiés par RFLP-PCR de la région IGS-1 de leur ADN ribosomal. Plusieurs paramètres écologiques et de gestion ont été mesurés dans chacun des peuplements, pour caractériser les sites infestés. • Armillaria cepistipes était la plus abondante des trois espèces observées. Armillaria gallica dominait dans les sols de basse altitude et à pH élevé. Armillaria ostoyae a semblé plus fréquent dans les peuplements où la dominance relative d’A. alba avait récemment augmenté par rapport aux autres espèces forestières. L’activité d’éclaircies était corrélée à l’augmentation d’Armillaire dans le sol. La même espèce d’Armillaria a été observée au dessus du sol et dans le sol, dans 83 % des peuplements. • Il apparaît que, en forêt de conifères, A. cepistipes peut être plus fréquent qu’ A. ostoyae, pathogène virulent des conifères. Puisque les coupes forestières sont reliées à une plus grande abondance d’Armillaire dans le sol, la présence d’une espèce particulière d’Armillaria dans un peuplement donné pourrait être un paramètre stationnel supplémentaire à considérer lors de décisions de gestion.
The Effect of Sentiment on Information Diffusion in Social Media

Social media have facilitated information sharing in social networks. Previous research shows that sentiment of text influences its diffusion in social media. Each emotion can be located on a threedimensional space formed by dimensions of valence (positive–negative), arousal (passive/calm– active/excited), and tension (tense–relaxed). While previous research has investigated the effect of emotional valence on information diffusion in social media, the effect of emotional arousal remains unexplored. This study examines how emotional arousal influences information diffusion in social media using a sentiment mining approach. We propose a research model and provide directions for testing it using data collected from Twitter.
The role of p27kip1 protein expression on the biological behavior of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Recent studies have reported that a decreased p27kip1 protein (p27) expression is associated with aggressive tumor behavior in several human malignancies. In this study, we examined the role of p27 expression in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and the noncancerous intrahepatic bile duct epithelium and assessed its association with clinicopathologic features, especially the influence of decreased p27 expression by the tumor on its prognosis as determined by immunohistochemistry. Almost all noncancerous bile duct epithelia show positive nuclear staining and reveal a faintly positive reaction in the cytoplasm. In 62 surgically resected ICCs, a variable degree of positive p27 nuclear staining is recognized. A subset (13 of 62 cases; 21.0%) of the carcinomas displayed cytoplasmic staining. We classified 62 cases into 2 groups, a low expression group (<50% of p27 nuclear positive cells) and a high expression group (≥50% of p27 nuclear positive cells), and tested for the association between positive expression and clinicopathologic features. We found that a low expression of nuclear p27 was correlated with positive vascular invasion (P < .05). The survival curve of the group with low p27 nuclear expression was significantly lower than that of the group with high p27 nuclear expression (P < .005). According to the multivariate analyses, low p27 expression can be considered an independent prognostic factor whose occurrence indicates a worse prognosis. We conclude that a decreased p27 expression adds an independent parameter that can be used when determining the prognosis of patients with ICC.
The Effects of Syndicate Structure on Loan Spreads

This paper shows that the structure of the syndicate affects the spread in addition to the borrower’s characteristics. Because the lead bank is the principal syndicate member collecting information about the borrower, there is an information asymmetry within the lending syndicate that leads to moral hazard and/or adverse selection problems, thereby, impacting the loan spread. Consequently, the share retained by the lead bank can help to mitigate these problems. However, the observed relationship between syndicate structure and the loan spread is influenced, not only by information asymmetry, but also by diversification considerations. I use an instrumental variables approach to separate these two effects. By combining loan information with novel data on default correlations, I construct a direct measure of the risk-based loan spread premium required by the lead bank. This variable exogenously affects the diversification of the lead bank and has no direct effect on information asymmetry within a syndicate. The main results are that informational frictions between the lead and participant banks have an important economic impact on the spread, and an increase in the size of the lead bank's share causes a reduction in the loan spread. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first paper that addresses the endogenous relationship between loan spread and syndicate structure.
Dynamic monitoring of carnitine and acetylcarnitine in the trimethylamine signal after exercise in human skeletal muscle by 7T 1H‐MRS

A trimethylamine (TMA) moiety is present in carnitine and acetylcarnitine, and both molecules play critical roles in muscle metabolism. At 7 T, the chemical shift dispersion was sufficient to routinely resolve the TMA signals from carnitine at 3.20 and from acetylcarnitine at 3.17 ppm in the 1H‐MRS (Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy) of human soleus muscle with a temporal resolution of about 2 min. In healthy, sedentary adults, the concentration of acetylcarnitine increased nearly 10‐fold, to 4.1 ± 1.0 mmol/kg, in soleus muscle after 5 min of calf‐raise exercise and recovered to a baseline concentration of 0.5 ± 0.3 mmol/kg. While the half‐time for decay of acetylcarnitine was the same whether measured from the TMA signal (18.8 ± 5.6 min) or measured from the methyl signal (19.4 ± 6.1 min), the detection of acetylcarnitine by its TMA signal in soleus has the advantage of higher sensitivity and without overlapping from lipid signals. Although the activity of carnitine acetyltransferase is sufficient to allow equilibrium between carnitine and coenzyme‐A pools, the exchange in TMA signal between carnitine and acetylcarnitine is slow in soleus following exercise on 7T 1H‐NMR time scale. The TMA signal provides a simple and direct measure of the relative amounts of carnitine and acetylcarnitine. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coloring with no 2-Colored P4's

A proper coloring of the vertices of a graph is called a star coloring if every two color classes induce a star forest. Star colorings are a strengthening of acyclic colorings , i.e., proper colorings in which every two color classes induce a forest. We show that every acyclic $k$-coloring can be refined to a star coloring with at most $(2k^2-k)$ colors. Similarly, we prove that planar graphs have star colorings with at most 20 colors and we exhibit a planar graph which requires 10 colors. We prove several other structural and topological results for star colorings, such as: cubic graphs are $7$-colorable, and planar graphs of girth at least $7$ are $9$-colorable. We provide a short proof of the result of Fertin, Raspaud, and Reed that graphs with tree-width $t$ can be star colored with ${t+2\choose2}$ colors, and we show that this is best possible.
Consumer Evaluation of Dual Focus Mutual Aid

ABSTRACT Double Trouble in Recovery (DTR) is a “dual focus,” 12 step-based mutual aid program tailored to assist recovery from co-occurring substance use and psychiatric disorders. Objective: To determine consumers' perceptions of DTR's usefulness for their recoveries and the relationships between perceived DTR usefulness and self-help processes, self-efficacy to cope with problems in recovery, and changes in behaviors conducive to dual recovery. Methods: Consumers attending DTR groups, located within a psychiatric day-treatment program, completed anonymous surveys 8 months (N = 19) and 20 months (N = 61) after DTR was implemented. Results: DTR participants rated DTR favorably and length of DTR attendance was significantly associated with increased self-efficacy for recovery and positive changes in recovery-oriented behaviors. Perceived DTR usefulness was significantly associated with greater engagement in three specific self-help processes and increased self-efficacy for recovery; notably, these associations were independent of consumers' overall satisfaction with the treatment program. Conclusion: This study is the first to document consumers' perceived usefulness of DTR in relation to indicators of recovery. Overall, the study provides additional evidence for the benefits of implementing consumer-led dual focus groups in treatment programs.
Evaluation of TRMM precipitation data over the Inland River Basins of Northwest China

Monthly precipitation measured by TRMM 3B43V6 was compared with that of rain gauge values from meteorological stations over the Inland River Basins of Northwest China to evaluate the precision of TRMM precipitation products. In general, TRMM performed best for low and medium precipitation (pcp ; 300 mm, R2 <; 0.3). The agreement between TRMM and gauge precipitation estimates was well at monthly time scales for most of the basins, although the TRMM tends to provide slightly larger than the gauge data (-4.04 <; BIAS <; 0). The TRMM data displayed patterns of annual precipitation were mostly similar to those based on the rain gauges throughout the basin. This analysis shows that TRMM has potential for detecting precipitation in data-sparse regions.
Protein homology detection by HMM?CHMM comparison

MOTIVATION Protein homology detection and sequence alignment are at the basis of protein structure prediction, function prediction and evolution. RESULTS We have generalized the alignment of protein sequences with a profile hidden Markov model (HMM) to the case of pairwise alignment of profile HMMs. We present a method for detecting distant homologous relationships between proteins based on this approach. The method (HHsearch) is benchmarked together with BLAST, PSI-BLAST, HMMER and the profile-profile comparison tools PROF_SIM and COMPASS, in an all-against-all comparison of a database of 3691 protein domains from SCOP 1.63 with pairwise sequence identities below 20%. Sensitivity: When the predicted secondary structure is included in the HMMs, HHsearch is able to detect between 2.7 and 4.2 times more homologs than PSI-BLAST or HMMER and between 1.44 and 1.9 times more than COMPASS or PROF_SIM for a rate of false positives of 10%. Approximately half of the improvement over the profile-profile comparison methods is attributable to the use of profile HMMs in place of simple profiles. Alignment quality: Higher sensitivity is mirrored by an increased alignment quality. HHsearch produced 1.2, 1.7 and 3.3 times more good alignments ('balanced' score >0.3) than the next best method (COMPASS), and 1.6, 2.9 and 9.4 times more than PSI-BLAST, at the family, superfamily and fold level, respectively.Speed: HHsearch scans a query of 200 residues against 3691 domains in 33 s on an AMD64 2GHz PC. This is 10 times faster than PROF_SIM and 17 times faster than COMPASS.
Fast Polar Decoders: Algorithm and Implementation

Polar codes provably achieve the symmetric capacity of a memoryless channel while having an explicit construction. The adoption of polar codes however, has been hampered by the low throughput of their decoding algorithm. This work aims to increase the throughput of polar decoding hardware by an order of magnitude relative to successive-cancellation decoders and is more than 8 times faster than the current fastest polar decoder. We present an algorithm, architecture, and FPGA implementation of a flexible, gigabit-per-second polar decoder.
Evolution of Triassic platform conodonts

Evolution of Triassic platform conodonts proceeded along three morphologically similar but apparently unrelated lineages: a gondolellid stock, members of which possess definite platforms in earliest growth stages; a neospathodid stock, members of which lack platforms in earliest growth stages; and gladigondolellid stock. Continuous stratigraphic sequences from both [western] North America and Europe demonstrate the patterns of evolution in neospathodid stock which produced a succession of species having great biostratigraphic usefulness in Upper Triassic rocks. Because neospathodid species often comprise the majority of specimens in a sample, with all growth stages represented, these elements may have been the only conodonts in the apparatuses of the animals bearing them. Gondolellid elements, however, probably were part of a diversely constituted apparatus.
Synchrosqueezing Transform-Based Frequency Shifting Detection for Earthquake-Damaged Structures

Analysis based on time–frequency representations provides meaningful interpretations for seismic signals. An application of the synchrosqueezing transform (SST) based on continuous wavelet transform for the detection of frequency shifting of earthquake-damaged structures is introduced in this letter. The analysis of real-time seismic records of the damaged structures is performed with Wigner–Ville distribution, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-transform, and hybrid transform, which is known as Gabor–Wigner transform. The detection of frequency shifting with SST for synthetic and seismic signals outperforms the other time–frequency distributions tested. SST improves the frequency localization by reducing smearing around frequency components and it also yields good time localization, which is comparable with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-transform. The small variation in the natural frequency of earthquake-damaged structures is detected through SST-based analysis. Hence, we show that SST improves the readability and interpretation of the time–frequency representation of frequency shifting in damaged buildings caused by large earthquakes.
Practical and Robust Stenciled Shadow Volumes for Hardware-Accelerated Rendering

Twenty-five years ago, Crow published the shadow volume approach for determining shadowed regions in a scene. A decade ago, Heidmann described a hardware-accelerated stencil bufferbased shadow volume algorithm. However, hardware-accelerated stenciled shadow volume techniques have not been widely adopted by 3D games and applications due in large part to the lack of robustness of described techniques. This situation persists despite widely available hardware support. Specifically what has been lacking is a technique that robustly handles various "hard" situations created by near or far plane clipping of shadow volumes. We describe a robust, artifact-free technique for hardwareaccelerated rendering of stenciled shadow volumes. Assuming existing hardware, we resolve the issues otherwise caused by shadow volume near and far plane clipping through a combination of (1) placing the conventional far clip plane “at infinity”, (2) rasterization with infinite shadow volume polygons via homogeneous coordinates, and (3) adopting a zfail stencil-testing scheme. Depth clamping, a new rasterization feature provided by NVIDIA's GeForce3 & GeForce4 Ti GPUs, preserves existing depth precision by not requiring the far plane to be placed at infinity. We also propose two-sided stencil testing to improve the efficiency of rendering stenciled shadow volumes.
A Hidden Markov Model for de Novo Peptide Sequencing

De novo Sequencing of peptides is a challenging task in proteome research. While there exist reliable DNA-sequencing methods, the high-throughput de novo sequencing of proteins by mass spectrometry is still an open problem. Current approaches suffer from a lack in precision to detect mass peaks in the spectrograms. In this paper we present a novel method for de novo peptide sequencing based on a hidden Markov model. Experiments effectively demonstrate that this new method significantly outperforms standard approaches in matching quality.