Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF PRODUCTS FOR CONTROL OF CORN ROOTWORM LARVAE, 2003

Planting time insecticides, seed treatments and transgenic seedcorn were evaluated for their ability to protect corn root systems from corn rootworm larval feeding. Insecticide treatments were compared in two types of tests; 'yield tests' - registered products applied at-planting (Nashua – 26 Apr, Sutherland –2 May) or 'experimental tests' - registered and developmental products applied at-planting (Crawfordsville – 14 May). Each test was a RCB design with four replications. Yield tests had two-row treatments and 100-ft row lengths; the experimental test had single-row treatments and 50-ft row lengths (30-inch row spacing for all tests). Tests were planted on areas that had been 'trap crops' (late-planted corn with high plant populations) the previous year. Conventional tillage (fall chisel-plow, spring field-cultivated) was used for seedbed preparation. Seedcorn, 'DKC60-12' for YieldGard Rootworm, and 'DKC60-15' (isoline) for all other treatments, was planted at 29,900 kernels/acre. Granular insecticide formulations were applied with either modified Noble or SmartBox metering units mounted on a 4-row John Deere 7100 planter. Planting speed was 4 mph. Capture 2EC liquid planting-time treatments were applied with a compressed-air system designed and built directly into the planter. This closed handling system consisted of 3-gall product canisters equipped with quick disconnects. T-band treatments were applied with TeeJet XR80015 spray nozzles at 21
New and little known Mollusca from Iceland and Scandinavia. Part 2

Abstract The generic name Solariella S.V. Wood, 1842 (Archaeogastropoda, Trochidae) and its validity for the species presently included therein is discussed. Three valid species, S. amabilis (Jeffreys, 1865), S. obscura (Couthouy, 1838) and S. varicosa (Mighels & Adams, 1842) are recognized from Iceland and Scandinavia. The generic name Machaeroplax Friele, 1877 is considered a synonym. Solariella cincta (Philippi, 1836) is considered a distinct species, not a senior synonom of S. amabilis, but a senior synonym of Gibbula inoptanda Locard, 1897 from western Africa. The genus Skenea (Archaeogastropoda, Skeneidae) is discussed, a key is given to the northeastern Atlantic species and two new species are described, S. larseni sp.n. and S. polita sp.n. , both from deep water off southwestern Iceland. Skenea larseni is recorded also from the Faroes. Critical point dried specimens of S. basistriata and S. trochoides are figured to show the propodial penis. Taxonomical problems with Skenea basistriata are discusse.
The effects of synthetic pigments on pigmentation of Pethia conchonius (Hamilton, 1822)

This study evaluated the effects of diets containing 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg kg−1 diet astaxanthin or canthaxanthin on Pethia conchonius (Hamilton, 1822) pigmentation. A completely randomized experimental design was developed with ten treatments and three replicates. Three hundred rosy barb with a mean weight of 0.92 ± 0.06 g were assigned to thirty aquaria for period of eight weeks. Carotenoid contents of fish fed canthaxanthin were always lower than those fed astaxanthin. Yellowness (b*) was not affected by pigments. While Luminosity (L*) decreased in fish fed astaxanthin diets, this parameter increased by feeding on canthaxanthin. The most pronounced effect was higher a* values in fish fed astaxanthin. Astaxanthin retention rate was higher than that of canthaxanthin. The present results demonstrate that canthaxanthin cannot be considered as a proper replacement with astaxanthin. Inclusion of 80 and 100 mg astaxanthin kg−1 diet can be suitable dietary levels to ensure pigmentation and this condition may improve market value of rosy barb.
Fruit yield and quality of Santa Teresa lemon on seven rootstocks in Adana (Turkey)

The effects of various rootstocks on yield, yield efficiency, vegetative growth and fruit quality of Santa Teresa lemon variety were evaluated under Adana ecological conditions during 2004 and 2005. Canopy volume was the lowest for trees on Carrizo citrange, followed by Troyer citrange and Citrus ampullacea. Total cumulative yield over two years of production was highest on C. obovoidea, followed by that on Citrus sulcata. On the other hand, the trees onC. citrange were the most efficient in yield per cubic meter of canopy volume (CV) and trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) due to its small TCSA and CV. The largest fruit size was obtained from the trees on C. sulcata, Taiwanica, C. ampullacea, followed by sour orange and Citrus obovoidea. The highest total acid content of fruits was found with sour orange and T. citrange, followed by C. obovoidea. When all the results are considered, it can be concluded that C. obovoidea was more promising rootstock for Santa Teresa lemon in Cukurova Region. Key words: Citrus, rootstocks, Santa Teresa, lemon, fruit yield, fruit quality
Laboratory assessment of sea lamprey larvae burrowing performance

– To study the burrowing behaviour and performance of larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L.), 120 ammocoetes were collected and observed in the laboratory. Burrowing movements of ammocoetes placed in an aquarium with sediments of differing grain size were video recorded. The video was reviewed and, for each larva, the total time spent moving, the number of stops during the burrowing movement, the total time spent stopped and total time elapsed until complete withdrawal below the substrate surface was registered. Smaller ammocoetes had lower burrowing performance than larger individuals, across all substrate types, but the differences were greater in coarser substrates. Additionally, coarser sediment particles increased the time spent on burrowing regardless of larval size.
Article 22.indd

Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. , Aquifoliaceae, is a species native to the subtropical and temperate regions of South America, used in beverages prepared by infusion such as teas, chimarrão and tererê. To investigate the physiological effects of I. paraguariensis on the metabolism of fats and sugars in Wistar rats, following the ingestion of erva-mate tea, four experimental groups were constructed: Lipid Control Group (receiving water and high-fat diet); Lipid Tea Group (extract of I. paraguariensis and high-fat diet); the Sugar Control Group (water and high-sugar diet); and Sugar Tea Group (extract of I. paraguariensis and high-sugar diet). The animals received their particular diet for 60 days, and were weighed weekly. After this period, the plasma concentrations of cholesterol, glucose and triacylglycerides were determined, together with the weight of visceral fat. The data were subjected to statistical analysis with a significance level of p<0.05. The results show that the ingestion of erva-mate affected body weight, visceral fat and plasma glucose, cholesterol and triacylglyceride levels.
A revision of scombrid fishes (Scombroidei, Perciformes) from the Middle Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy

Abstract: A taxonomic revision of mackerel‐like fishes (Scombridae, Scombroidei, Perciformes) from the Monte Bolca localities in Italy is presented as part of continuing research into phylogenetic relationships of fossil and Recent scombroids. Three new genera are proposed: †Godsilia, †Pseudauxides and †Thunnoscomberoides. In addition, species generally known as †Thynnus bolcensis, †Thynnus lanceolatus, †Scombrosarda propterygia, †Scomberomorus speciosus and †Scomberomorus tenuis are renamed †Thunnoscomberoides bolcensis comb. nov., †Godsilia lanceolata comb. nov., †Auxides propterygius comb. nov. and †Pseudauxides speciosus comb. nov., respectively. †S. tenuis, a nomen nudum, is a junior synonym of †P. speciosus. Provisional phylogenetic hypotheses of these Monte Bolca scombrids are as follows. †Auxides and †Pseudauxides are most likely primitive sister taxa of the mackerels Scomber and Rastrelliger with †Pseudauxides as the most primitive. †Godsilia may be placed between Scombrinae and Scomberomorinae. †Thunnoscomberoides seems to fit between Scombrinae and Thunnini.
Genetic diversity, gene flow and clonal structure of the Salmon River populations of MacFarlane's Four O'Clock Mirabilis Macfarlanei (Nyctaginaceae) /

Many rare plant species occur in small, isolated populations. This can result in genetic drift and inbreeding which may lead to low genetic diversity. Mirabilis macfarlanei, a rare plant, is restricted to 19 relatively isolated populations along the Snake and Salmon River Canyons. We used enzyme electrophoresis to estimate genetic diversity, levels of gene flow, and clonal structure in eight selected populations ofM macfarlanei on the Salmon River. The analysis indicated that levels of genetic diversity were lower than values found with other plant allozyme data with similar life history traits reviewed in published papers. The measure of genetic differentiation among populations, FST , was 0.263 indicating low gene flow. We found high genetic similarity among populations using genetic distance values. Differentiation among populations was not closely related to the distances among populations. The clonal maps of Cody Draw, McKinzie Creek and Skookumchuck populations suggested diverse clonal growth forms with more widespread clones at Skookumchuck.
Early growth and development of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) in relation to wheat

Raphanus raphanistrum was grown in monoculture and as a range of cohorts of emergence in mixture with wheat. Growth and development were recorded at frequent intervals up to anthesis of the wheat. R. raphanistrum remained shorter than wheat, only over-topping the crop prior to anthesis for 2 of 7 sowing dates. When expressed in terms of photothermal time, growth in monocultures was similar for all sowing dates except those for wheat in mid-summer. Even a short delay in R. raphanistrum emergence in mixture decreased its growth considerably; R. raphanistrum emerging more than 4 weeks after the crop had no detectable effect on the wheat. However, even R. raphanistrum plants emerging 10 weeks after the crop produced some seeds. In mixture, R. raphanistrum had a higher specific leaf area (SLA), reduced leaf partitioning, and taller stems than in monoculture. A physiological growth model based on parameters from monocultures was unable to predict growth in mixtures; inclusion of changes in SLA and height in mixture improved predictions in some cases. It is concluded that competition models based on monoculture parameters, although previously successful for species with similar height and phasic development, are unlikely to work for species that differ in these attributes. Further work is required on the physiology of plants within mixtures.
Karyotypic Study of Some Species of the Family Loricariidae (Pisces)

Chromosome complement of 5 Loricariidae was determined. Plecostomus ancistroides has 2n=68 and N.F. =105 in males and 106 in females. P. strigaticeps is 2n=74 and has N.F. =86. P. macrops.
Pregnancy-specific glycoprotein function, conservation and receptor investigation

Title Pregnancy-specific glycoprotein function, conservation and receptor investigation Author(s) O'Riordan, Ronan T. Publication date 2014 Original citation O'Riordan, R. T. 2014. Pregnancy-specific glycoprotein function, conservation and receptor investigation. PhD Thesis, University College Cork. Type of publication Doctoral thesis Rights © 2014, Ronan T. O'Riordan. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
Effects of Dietary Carbohydrases on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Characteristics in Finishing Pigs

【The objective of this study was to assess the effects of dietary carbohydrases on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood characteristics in finishing pigs. A total of 90 pigs [(Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) ${\times}$ Duroc] (initial BW = $56.15{\pm}1.26kg$ ) were used for a 35 d feeding trial. The dietary treatments included: 1) CON (control diet), 2) MIX (CON + mixture with ${\alpha}$ -galactosidase and ${\beta}$ -mannanase 0.05%) and 3) MAN (CON + ${\beta}$ -mannanase 0.05%). There were six replications per treatment with five pigs per pen. The average daily gain (ADG) in MIX was higher than in CON (p 0.05). Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM) and energy (E) in MIX increased (p 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of the mixture of carbohydrases ( ${\alpha}$ -galactosidase and ${\beta}$ -mannanase 0.05%) increased ADG and nutrient digestibility in finishing pigs. 】
Structure and management of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests in Italy.

Abstract: Beech forests characterise the landscape of many mountain areas in Italy, from the Alps to the southern regions. This paper analyses the relationship between stand structure and the management history of beech in Italy. The aim is to outline possible strategies for the sustainable management of these forest formations. The present structure of beech forests in Italy is the result of many interacting factors. According to the National Forest Inventory, more than half the total area covered by beech has a long history of coppicing. High forests cover 34% of the total beech area and 13% have complex structures which have not been classified in regular types. Coppices are very widespread mainly because of the past, but also present importance of firewood and charcoal for mountain populations. A particular type of beech coppice, the selection coppice (or uneven aged coppice), was traditional in Tuscany and in some alpine areas. Starting from the fifties, following the widespread use of other low cost energy sources and the depopulation of mountain areas, many beech coppices have been progressively abandoned. Forest policies have been increasingly directed to favouring beech coppice conversion to high forests, which are considered more productive and ecologically more functional. Beech high forests have a very interesting management history which is a very good example of the separation between classical forest management, i.e., forest management systems defined by “scientific forestry”, described in text books and usually prescribed in forest regulation plans, and real life forest management, i.e., how forests have been, and mostly still are, actually managed. The analysis of the management history of beech high forests in Italy shows that management systems which favour simplified stand structure and composition according to rigid, predetermined models have been rarely applied. However, the traditional silviculture of beech stands in Southern Italy, based on the opening of very small gaps organized in time and space according to the different situations and to the reactions of the stand, can provide an example for a sustainable approach.
Where, when, and how male sharp-tailed grouse establish territories on arenas

The behaviour of individually marked male sharp-tailed grouse (Pedioecetes phasianellus) was observed on four arenas over two successive autumn-to-spring periods to determine the fate of established birds, and where, when, and how young males established new territories on the arenas. The lekking cohort of males frequented the arenas from September to June with peak attendance in April. This cohort suffered an average loss of 56% between spring and autumn with males occupying peripheral territories disappearing in greater proportions than those on central territories; this loss is believed to represent mortality. Surviving males moved centripetally to fill any central vacancies, leaving potential territories vacant peripherally. It was only here at the edge of the arena that young males were recorded successfully establishing territories. Most (68%) were established in autumn and early winter. Males in adult plumage (assumed to be about 18 months old) were relatively more successful (13/15) in acquiring t.
The Effects of Lipids in Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis and the Effects of NaOH Treatment on the Composition of Extracted Bone Collagen

Two different collagen extraction methods were tested to compare their effects on the amino acid composition and lipid content of the sample. Lipids were extracted from modern and archaeological bones at different steps in each of these collagen extraction procedures. A comparison was then made between the δ13C values of the lipid material and the lipid- and non-lipid-extracted collagen. The effect of NaOH treatment on the lipid content, the amino acid composition and carbon isotope analysis of bone collagen were also examined. It was concluded that NaOH is not sufficient to remove lipids from samples prior to carbon isotope analysis, so some other extraction procedure is required. Further, different collagen extraction protocols do result in varying amino acid composition of the end product, but this does not necessarily affect the overall δ13C.
Ovenbird (Aves: Parulidae) hunting behavior in a patchy environment: an experimental study

We investigated the foraging behavior of ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapillus) in a patchy food supply. Nine birds were individually exposed on 2 successive days to four patches of 1.5 × 1.5 m containing 2, 4, 8, and 16 prey, respectively, in a 6 × 6 m field arena. Patch locations were kept constant; however, prey densities were interchanged on day 2.Amount of search path in patches increased exponentially with prey density. Birds rapidly shifted their search effort when prey densities were interchanged. Differential distribution of search effort resulted from more visits and greater search path per visit, owing to greater tortuosity of the search path in denser patches. Since less search path was required per prey found in denser patches, the search effort was concentrated in areas of high profitability and the birds took a higher percentage of prey available in these patches. However, in comparison with a simple model, their foraging among patches was suboptimal, except in the final period of day 1. Birds te.
Anti‐inflammatory activity of rosemary extracts obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide enriched in carnosic acid and carnosol

Financial support from Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CICYT) (Project: IPT-300000-2010-034) Ingredientes Saludables Mediterraneos Innovadores (INNSAMED) and Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid (ALIBIRD, project S-505/AGR-0153).
Age‐dependent foraging behaviour and host‐instar preference of the aphid parasitoid Lysiphlebus cardui

Foraging behaviour and host‐instar preference of young and old females of the solitary aphid parasitoid, Lysiphlebus cardui Marshall (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), were studied in the laboratory. The analysis of interactions between parasitoids and different stages of Aphis fabae cirsiiacanthoidis Scop. (Homoptera: Aphididae) revealed that encounter rates between aphids and parasitoid females and defence reactions of the aphids influenced the degree to which a particular aphid age class is parasitized. Encounter rates between hosts and parasitoid females depended on the foraging pattern of the parasitoid, which varied with age. In mixed aphid colonies patch residence time increased with parasitoid age. Furthermore, younger parasitoids (≤ 1 day old) laid more eggs into second and third instars, while older parasitoids (≥ 4 days old) did not show distinct host instar preferences. It is suggested that the oviposition behaviour of L. cardui is influenced by the physiological state, i.e. the age of the wasp.
IN VITRO ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AGAINST SOME BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL ISOLATES

Based upon the local availability and medicinal values, leaves of four plants i.e. Azadirachta indica L. , Jatropha curcas L. , Ocimum gratissimum and Cuscuta reflexa Roxb were collected. The plants were indentified based on their description given in the literature. Leaves were powdered after drying at 37 0 C for 3 to 10 days. Exposure to sunlight was avoided to prevent the loss of active compounds. The completely shade dried material was coarsely powdered and put in soxhlet for successive extraction with different solvents like, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol. Four fungal species were isolated and identified from the soil sample collected from different places of Jabalpur (M.P.). Aspergillus niger was most frequent 60% followed by Aspergillus flavus (20%), Penicillium notatum (10%), Fusarium oxysporium (10%). Results obtained during assay with plant extracts from Azadirachta indica, Ocimum gratissimum, Jatropha curcas and Cuacuta reflexa leaves showed their inhibitory effect against some fungal and bacterial isolates. Key words;Isolates,Medicinal
Microbiological analysis of pasteurized and fresh fruit juice sold in Rawalpindi of Pakistan

Freshly prepared and pasteurized fruit juices sold by vendors in local market of Rawalpindi city from 10 locations were analyzed for the microbiological quality. Total viable count (TVC), total coliform, faecal coliform, molds and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms such as E. coli, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, and fungi like Aspergillus, Pencillum, Rhizopus were determined . In open fruit juices available in city were highly contaminated with bacteria and fungi. E. coli, Salmonella , Staphylococcus , and Pseudomonas were isolated with different frequency. Aspergillus , Pencillum and Rhizopus were also found in juices especially Aspergillus was with high percentages. The pasteurized juices have less contamination as compared to the fresh juices samples. The number and type of microorganisms recovered from the freshly squeezed fruit juices made them unsafe for drinking. The results of this study demonstrate the unhygienic quality of popular types of market vended freshly squeezed fruit juices and their risk to the consumers. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i3. 17329 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(3) , 185-192, 2013
The avian B‐cell receptor complex: distinct roles of Igα and Igβ in B‐cell development

Summary: The bursa of Fabricius has evolved in birds as a gut‐associated site of B‐cell lymphopoiesis that is segregated from the development of other hematopoietic lineages. Despite differences in the developmental progression of chicken as compared to murine B‐cell lymphopoiesis, cell‐surface immunoglobulin (sIg) expression has been conserved in birds as an essential checkpoint in B‐cell development. B‐cell precursors that express an sIg complex that includes the evolutionarily conserved Igα/β heterodimer colonize lymphoid follicles in the bursa, whereas B‐cell precursors that fail to express sIg due to non‐productive V(D)J recombination are eliminated. Productive retroviral gene transfer has allowed us to introduce chimeric receptor constructs into developing B‐cell precursors in vivo. Chimeric proteins comprising the extracellular and transmembrane regions of murine CD8α fused to the cytoplasmic domain of chicken Igα efficiently supported B‐cell development in precursors that lacked endogenous sIg expression. By contrast, expression of an equivalent chimeric receptor containing the cytoplasmic domain of Igβ actively inhibited B‐cell development. Consequently, the cytoplasmic domains of Igα and Igβ play functionally distinct roles in chicken B‐cell development.
Investigation of the Stability of Dimeric Cationic Surfactant/DNA Complexes and Their Interaction with Model Membrane Systems

The stability of the complexes between DNA and nonviral vectors is a crucial parameter for efficient gene delivery into target cells. The stability must be high enough to prevent any dissociation during interaction with the plasma membrane but low enough to allow the dissociation that is required for efficient internalization into the nucleus. In this report, we investigated the stability of complexes of DNA with two cysteine surfactants (guanidinocysteine N-decylamide, C10−CG+, and ornithinyl-cysteinyl-tetradecylamide, C14−CO), able to convert themselves, via oxidative dimerization, into cationic cystine lipids. To this end, we determined the critical aggregation concentration (cac) and the binding constants of the surfactants for DNA by using the fluorescence quenching of the DNA bis-intercalating agent, YOYO-1, that results from the dye clustering induced by the collapse of DNA. The cac's of C10−CG+ and C14−CO monomeric forms are 2.5 and 1 μM, respectively, and are slightly less than the 5 μM value for.