Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring Genetic Literacy in a Small Hispanic Population

Introduction: Genetic literacy recognizes one’s ability to gather, understand, and apply genomic information to make informed health care choices and social decisions. A limited understanding of genomic literacy carries the potential for poor health outcomes. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the usefulness of an assessment tool to ascertain genetic literacy in a small Hispanic clinic population. Methodology: Mixed-method, cross-sectional pilot study requiring forward-back translation of an established questionnaire. Twenty Spanish-speaking adults were recruited through purposive and convenience sampling. Results: Forward–back translation provided a comparable questionnaire. Participants indicated information was relevant. Qualitative feedback uncovered regional differences. Quantitative results reported descriptive statistics, frequencies, and Cronbach alphas. Discussion: Findings from this study reveal the need for genetic literacy assessment tools that are attuned to the linguistic, ethnic, and cultural differences within the Hispanic population.
“I Remember the Fall”: Memory of Falls in Older Adults

ABSTRACT Objectives While there is a large body of research on falls and their consequences in older adults, little is known about how older adults remember them. We addressed this gap by inviting older adults to remember falls and control memories. Methods We analyzed specificity of memories and invited participants to rate emotional valence, mental time travel, visual imagery, importance, and rehearsal, as experienced during retrieval. Results Although analysis demonstrated no significant differences between memories of falls and control memories regarding specificity, participants rated memories of falls as more negative than control memories. Furthermore, they rated memories of falls as triggering higher mental time travel, higher visual imagery, higher importance, and higher rehearsal than control memories. Conclusions The negative emotional valence of memories of falls, as well as their ability to trigger significant levels of mental time travel, visual imagery, importance, and rehearsal, demonstrate how these memories are different from other memories in older adults. Clinical implications The findings demonstrate how falls can modulate memory of personal events in older adults.
Effects of Fermented Soybean Meal Supplementation on the Growth Performance and Cecal Microbiota Community of Broiler Chickens

Simple Summary Microbial fermentation is considered an economically viable processing technique to reduce the content of anti-nutritional factors and improve the nutritional quality of soybean meal (SBM). Fermented soybean meal (FSBM) exerts beneficial effects on the growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of broilers. However, there is very little information on the effects of FSBM on cecal microbial composition and diversity in broilers. Hence, this trial is conducted to investigate the effects of the partial replacement of SBM with FSBM in the diet on growth performance and cecal microflora of broilers. Replacing 25% of the SBM in the diet of broilers with FSBM promoted average daily gain and feed conversion ratio during the growth and whole phases. Both dietary treatment (25% or 50% of the SBM in the basal diet was replaced with FSBM) influenced the serum immunity, diversity and composition of cecal microbiota in broilers. FSBM supplementation in the diet shifted the cecal microbial community of broilers towards a healthier balance by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria and reducing the abundance of potentially harmful bacteria. Abstract This study investigated the growth performance, serum immunity, and cecal bacterial microbiota of broilers fed a diet in which soybean meal (SBM) was partially replaced with fermented soybean meal (FSBM) for 36 days. A total of 180 one-day-old male Cobb 500 broilers were randomly divided into three dietary groups (six replicates per group): corn-SBM diet (CC); 25% SBM replaced by FSBM (SC); 50% SBM replaced by FSBM (TC). The average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion rates (FCR) were higher in SC than CC and TC groups (p < 0.05) during the growth (d 22–36) and whole (d 1–36) phases. No significant difference was observed in ADG and average daily feed intake (ADFI) between CC and TC groups during any phases. Dietary treatments increased serum IgA, IgG, and IgM, Chao 1, observed species, and the abundance of the phylum Fimicutes but decreased the proportion of Proteobacteria (p < 0.05). Dietary treatments increased the abundance of the genera Lachnospiraceae, Lachnoclostridium, Gastranaerophilales, and Lactobacillus but decreased the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and Clostridiales (p < 0.05). Spearman’s correlations showed that the abundance of Gastranaerophilales was positively correlated with ADG and serum immunity, and the abundance of Lactobacillus was strongly positively with IgM. Thus, replacing 25% of SBM with FSBM improves the growth performance and serum immunity of broilers, possibly due to altered cecal microbial composition.
Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer

Immunotherapy encompasses a wide range of therapies to engage the immune system to target malignancies. In recent years, immunotherapy has made a major impact on treatment of metastatic cancer and has altered standard of care for many tumor types. However, predicting and understanding responses across tumor types has been challenging. While some metastatic cancers have shown dramatic responses to immunotherapy, such as melanoma, lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer has generally failed to show a significant response. However, small series of prostate cancer patients have shown impressive responses to cellular and immunotherapy. This review summarizes the current data for immunotherapy’s use in prostate cancer, as well as how currently available data might help predict patient responses to immunotherapy. Specifically, we will review vaccine-based therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and future directions that are actively being explored.
Tolerance of White Beans to Postemergence Broadleaf Herbicides1

Weed control in white beans is currently limited by the small number of registered herbicides. The tolerance of two white bean cultivars, ‘AC Compass’ and ‘OAC Thunder’, to various postemergence (POST) herbicides at the maximum use rate and twice the maximum use rate for soybean or corn was evaluated at two Ontario locations in 2001 and 2002. Generally, the two cultivars did not differ in their response to the POST herbicides. POST applications of imazamox plus fomesafen, imazamox plus bentazon, and cloransulam-methyl decreased plant height, shoot dry weight, and yield by as much as 29, 41, and 55%, respectively, and increased seed moisture content up to 3.9%. POST applications of thifensulfuron, chlorimuron, and bromoxynil decreased plant height as much as 57%, shoot dry weight by up to 71%, yield as much as 93% and increased seed moisture content up to 15.5%. Based on these results, AC Compass and OAC Thunder white beans do not possess sufficient tolerance to support the registration of imazamox plus bentazon, imazamox plus fomesafen, cloransulam-methyl, thifensulfuron, chlorimuron, and bromoxynil. Nomenclature: Bentazon; bromoxynil; chlorimuron; cloransulam-methyl; fomesafen; imazamox; thifensulfuron; corn, Zea mays L. ; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ; white bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. ‘AC Compass’, ‘OAC Thunder’. Additional index words: Crop tolerance, herbicide injury, postemergence herbicides, seed moisture content, white beans, yield. Abbreviations: DAP, days after planting; DAT, days after treatment; POST, postemergence.
Neofusicoccum arbuti: a hidden threat to Arbutus menziesii characterized by widespread latent infections and a broad host range

Abstract The iconic tree species, Arbutus menziesii (Pacific madrona, madrone arbutus), has been in decline in the Pacific Northwest of North America for the past 40 years. It is thought that the fungal pathogen Neofusicoccum arbuti has contributed to the decline of this tree species. In recent years, there have been reports of declining arbutus in the coastal region of southern British Columbia, Canada. We conducted intensive sampling in a park with severely affected arbutus trees to determine the cause and prevalence of decline. The majority of arbutus trees sampled in this study had cankers associated with N. arbuti infection. We also sought to determine if N. arbuti has additional hosts that could act as a reservoir for this pathogen. Six new hosts of N. arbuti were identified, and a seventh was confirmed; these hosts spanned four taxonomic orders and included Amelanchier alnifolia, Cytisus scoparius (confirmed), Gaultheria shallon, Ilex aquifolium, Rosa sp. , Sorbus sitchensis and Spiraea douglasii. Recovery of Neofusicoccum arbuti from both symptomatic and asymptomatic plant tissues of these hosts indicates that it potentially has a broad host range. It remains to be established if N. arbuti is also pathogenic to these hosts. These results highlight the importance of monitoring for this pathogen and assessing the extent of its geographic distribution and its ability to colonize various hosts.
Coping strategies mediate the association between family functioning and posttraumatic growth in family caregivers of people with dementia

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of coping strategies on the relationship between family functioning and posttraumatic growth in family caregivers of people with dementia (PwD). Methods A total of 124 family caregivers of PwD from a memory clinic were investigated from July to October 2017. Family functioning, coping strategies, and posttraumatic growth of family caregivers of PwD were measured. Data were processed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and structural equation modelling. Results Posttraumatic growth was observed in family caregivers of PwD. The caregiver’s gender, relationship with the patient, and difficulty balancing financial income and expenditures in the past month, as well as disease severity of PwD, are significant predictors of posttraumatic growth. There were significantly positive correlations among posttraumatic growth, family functioning and positive coping strategies (P＜0.01). Positive coping strategies exert a complete mediating effect between family functioning and posttraumatic growth (β = 0.49, P < 0.05). Conclusions A model of the posttraumatic growth of family caregivers of PwD can be established, and the relevant mechanisms can be explored. Healthcare providers should pay attention to the family functioning of caregivers and take effective measures to provide them with positive coping strategies to promote their posttraumatic growth.
Phylogenetic system and classifi cation of the family Scapaniaceae Mig. emend. Potemkin (Hepaticae)

The phylogenetic system and classifi cation of the family Scapaniaceae Mig. emend. Potemkin as a whole are presented for the fi rst time. The classifi cation of the family is signifi cantly revised. Scapaniaceae is classifi ed with 87 recent and one fossil species in 18 sections and three subgenera of one genus, Scapania (Dumort.) Dumort. emend. Potemkin. Subgenus Scapania has 82 species in 18 sections, subgenus Macrodiplophyllum (H. Buch) Potemkin has three species, and subgenus Macroscapania R.M. Schust. has two species. Earlier distinguished subgenera Plicaticalyx Mull. Frib. and Ascapania Grolle are merged in the sectio Plicaticalyx (Mull. Frib.) Potemkin, comb. & stat. nov., of the subgenus Scapania. The taxonomic composition of many sections is considerably revised, and the species composition of all infrageneric groups is listed in a systematic arrangement. Alteration of the species composition and/or species differentiation (including keys) of the sections Ciliatae Grolle, Gracilidae H. Buch, Nemorosae (Mull. Frib.) H. Buch, Planifoliae (Mull. Frib.) Potemkin, Plicaticalyx, Scapania, and Verrucosae Potemkin of the subgenus Scapania as well as of the subgenera Macrodiplophyllum and Macroscapania are provided. New sections are described for Scapania karl-muelleri Grolle (Grolleoscapania Potemkin, sect. nova) and for S. schljakovii Potemkin and S. himalayica Mull. Frib. (Muelleria Potemkin, sect. nova). A number of new synonyms and index for identifi cation of taxonomic position of mentioned taxa of Scapania are provided.
Molecular analysis of cloransulam resistance in a population of giant ragweed

Abstract A population of giant ragweed not controlled by cloransulam was identified near Seymour, IN, during the first year of that herbicide's commercialization in 1998. Results from acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity assays performed by Dow AgroSciences showed that resistance was caused by an altered ALS. Studies were conducted to define more precisely the molecular basis of resistance and to determine cross-resistance to other ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Sixteen greenhouse-grown giant ragweed plants from the Seymour population were tested individually with postemergence (POST) applications of cloransulam, imazethapyr, or chlorimuron, or by using a nondestructive leaf disk assay to determine resistant or sensitive herbicide responses. All plants identified from the Seymour population as resistant to cloransulam were cross-resistant to imazethapyr and chlorimuron. Two DNA fragments, totaling 804 nucleotide base pairs, within ALS were sequenced from each of the 16 plants. Sequence data, combined with phenotypic data, showed that a tryptophan to leucine substitution at amino acid position 574 of ALS (based on numbering of the Arabidopsis ALS) was responsible for ALS-inhibitor resistance. Among 11 resistant and 5 sensitive giant ragweed plants analyzed from the Seymour population, at least 15 different ALS alleles were identified. Of these 15 alleles, two alleles, at an average frequency of 0.25, contained a leucine at position 574 and conferred resistance. The 13 alleles that conferred susceptibility to ALS-inhibiting herbicides occurred at an average frequency of 0.04. Nomenclature: Cloransulam; chlorimuron; imazethapyr; giant ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L. AMBTR; mouse-ear cress, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. ARBTH.
Clinical Benefits, Harms, and Cost-Effectiveness of Breast Cancer Screening for Survivors of Childhood Cancer Treated With Chest Radiation

BACKGROUND Surveillance with annual mammography and breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recommended for female survivors of childhood cancer treated with chest radiation, yet benefits, harms, and costs are uncertain. OBJECTIVE To compare the benefits, harms, and cost-effectiveness of breast cancer screening strategies in childhood cancer survivors. DESIGN Collaborative simulation modeling using 2 Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network breast cancer models. DATA SOURCES Childhood Cancer Survivor Study and published data. TARGET POPULATION Women aged 20 years with a history of chest radiotherapy. TIME HORIZON Lifetime. PERSPECTIVE Payer. INTERVENTION Annual MRI with or without mammography, starting at age 25, 30, or 35 years. OUTCOME MEASURES Breast cancer deaths averted, false-positive screening results, benign biopsy results, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). RESULTS OF BASE-CASE ANALYSIS Lifetime breast cancer mortality risk without screening was 10% to 11% across models. Compared with no screening, starting at age 25 years, annual mammography with MRI averted the most deaths (56% to 71%) and annual MRI (without mammography) averted 56% to 62%. Both strategies had the most screening tests, false-positive screening results, and benign biopsy results. For an ICER threshold of less than $100 000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained, screening beginning at age 30 years was preferred. RESULTS OF SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS Assuming lower screening performance, the benefit of adding mammography to MRI increased in both models, although the conclusions about preferred starting age remained unchanged. LIMITATION Elevated breast cancer risk was based on survivors diagnosed with childhood cancer between 1970 and 1986. CONCLUSIONS Early initiation (at ages 25 to 30 years) of annual breast cancer screening with MRI, with or without mammography, might reduce breast cancer mortality by half or more in survivors of childhood cancer. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE American Cancer Society and National Institutes of Health.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in a neutropenic pediatric patient with leukemia: Addressing the need for universal guidelines for treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive, immunocompromised patients

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (Sars-CoV-2 ) emerged from Wuhan, Hubei province, China, and has spread worldwide, with more than 4 million confirmed cases[1,2,3]. Available literature on the clinical characteristics and natural history of pediatric patients infected with Sars-CoV-2 is limited and less has been established regarding guidelines for the treatment of immunocompromised pediatric patients. This is a case report on the clinical course and management of a 6 year old female with acute lymphoblastic lymphoma with Sars-CoV-2. The goal is to highlight the need for management guidelines in the care of pediatric cancer patients with Sars-CoV-2.
Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Activities of Argan oil (Argania Spinosa. L) and Sodium Selenite after Exposure to Mercuric Chloride in Rats

Immunomodulatory activity of Argan oil and sodium selenite was evaluated on phagocytic activity by carbon clearance test and serum pro-inflammatory cytokine after exposure to mercuric chloride. Adult Albinos Wistar rats were exposed to mercuric chloride (0.25 mg/kg b.w intraperitoneal injection), or argan oil (5ml/kg b.w by gavage), or sodium selenite (0.25 mg/kg b.w by gavage), or a combination of both. Change in phagocytic activity was determined after 48h injection of carbon ink suspension, serum IL1, IL6 and TNFα levels was detrmined after 3weeks. Exposure of rats to mercuric chloride caused a significant decrease in phagocytic activity as compared to control. The levels of IL1, IL6 and TNFα increased by mercuric chloride exposure rat. Supplementation of argan oil or sodium seenite or combination of argan oil and sodium selenite with mercuric chloride exhibited significantly phagocytic index and restored the level of IL1, IL6 and TNFα near normal compared to control. Indicating stimulation of the reticulo-endothelial system. Present study thus reveals that argan oil and sodium selenite holds promise as immunomodulatory agent, which act by stimulating phagocytic function.
Assessing the need of maincrop potatoes for late nitrogen by using isobutylidene di-urea, by injecting trification inhibitors with aqueous N fertilizers and by dividing dressings of ‘Nitro-Chalk’

Summary In experiments with maincrop potatoes at Rothamsted in 1976, 1977 and 1978 ‘Nitro-Chalk’ was broadcast, either as a single dressing on the seed bed, or half on the seed bed and half at tuber initiation. Isobutylidene di-urea was broadcast on the seed bed and aqueous ammonia was injected into the seed bed, without a nitrification inhibitor or with either ‘N-Serve’ (nitrapyrin) or sodium trithiocarbonate; all were compared with ‘Nitro-Chalk’ at rates of 200 or 300 kg N/ha. Additionally, single dressings of ‘Nitro-Chalk’ supplied 150, 250, 350 and 400 kg N/ha. In similar experiments at Woburn in 1979 and 1980 aqueous urea replaced aqueous ammonia and the additional amounts of ‘Nitro-Chalk’ (100 and 400 kg N/ha) were tested as both single and divided dressings. Winter wheat was grown in each of the following years to measure residual effects. Retaining half of the total N dressing of 200 or 300 kg N/ha as ‘Nitro-Chalk’ until tuber initiation improved yields at Rothamsted in 1976 and 1978 when irrigation was applied but not in 1977 when it was not. Dividing the N at Woburn improved yields at 100 and 400 kg N/ha but not at 200 or 300 kg N/ha. At Rothamsted injected aqueous ammonia was on average similar in effect to the undivided ‘Nitro-Chalk’ dressing at 300 kg N/ha, but less effective at 200 kg N/ha. In 1977, the wettest summer, it was, however, the most effective of the N-sources, provided that an inhibitor had been applied with it. At Woburn, injected aqueous urea did not differ consistently in effectiveness from ‘Nitro-Chalk’ and inhibitors did not improve its performance. Isobutylidene di-urea (IBDU) gave the smallest yields at both farms, apparently because it was too slowly available. Tuber size distributions were affected little by the amount or the form of N. IBDU residues increased wheat yields the most following the potatoes at Rothamsted. This apart, the N-sources had similar residual values.
Enhancement of Bacteriophage φX-174 Plaques by Homoionic Clay Minerals

Summary: The incorporation of selected particulates or charged polymers into qualitative and quantitative assay systems has been found to increase virus specific infectivity. The purpose of this study was to identify a mechanism(s) to explain the effect of charged particulates upon plaquing efficiency. The clay minerals kaolinite (K), montmorillonite (M), with the bacteriophage φX-174 and its host Escherichia coli, were used as a model system. Enhanced bacteriophage infectivity (expressed as plaque-forming units) occurred at K and M concentrations in the agar overlay of 0·14-0·50 and 0·01-0·15 mg ml−1, respectively. A maximum increase of bacteriophage titre (to 180-230% of the control value) occurred at 0·18-0·20 and 0·06-0·08 mg ml−1K and M, respectively. Increased infectivity was related to the type of clay mineral and to the cation saturating the exchange complex in the order K homoionic (i.e. saturated with a single cation type) to Na+> Mg2+> K+and M homoionic to Mg2+> Na+> K+. Enhanced infectivity of the bacteriophage was not related to the surface area of K nor to the external or total surface area of M. The increase of bacteriophage titre above that of the control was only minimally related to cation-exchange capacity, but was associated with the anion-exchange capacity of the clay. The increased plaquing efficiency is ascribed to the formation of high-density bacteria-clay microcosms which, in turn, modify bacteriophage contact and adsorption to the host cell.
SOME FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN LAKE BURULLUS

This study which was carried out at the different stations and sectors of Lake Burullus during the period from January till December 2000 showed that the identified species of phytoplankton community in Lake Burullus during the period of study included the classes of Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Dinophyceae. The total number of species recorded during this period was 65 species. The standing crop and primary production of phytoplankton showed pronounced variations at different stations and months correlated with physicochemical conditions of water especially phosphate , nitrate and silicate contents. Stations 6,10 and 15 were the most productive in the eastern sector ,the middle sector, and the western sector respectively. The productivity was lower at stations nearby the drains mouth. Positive correlation was observed between the transparency and the net production. Levels of temperature and dissolved oxygen are among the factors affecting the productivity. In general, the dominance of Bacillariophyceae in the lake plays an important role in productivity, where it represented more than 65 % to the total count of phytoplankton during the period of study. The results obtained indicated that, Lake Burullus harboured lower phytoplankton standing crop and primary production as compared with that previously recorded .