Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complement Fixation Antigens of Influenza Viruses Type A and B.∗

Summary Allantoic fluids infected with influenza A or B virus contain 3 antigenic fractions as measured by complement fixation technic: 1. sedimentable at relatively low speeds and directly linked with virus activity (600 S); 2. sedimentable at 90,000 g (30 S) possibly identical with the antigen observed in mouse lungs by Lennette and Horsfall;17 3. non-sedimentable at 90,000 g upon repeated centrifugation or in the presence of a sucrose density gradient (<30 S). The serological activity of fraction 2 and 3 appears to be based on one antigen, while the activity of fraction 1 is mainly due to another antigen distinct from fractions 2 and 3, as shown by serum absorption technic. The 30 S components of 2 strains of influenza A virus were found indistinguishable by serum absorption technic while the 600 S components revealed strain-specificity in addition to antigenic activity common to both strains.
Estimation of Jordanian isolated Pectobacterium cellulase, pectinase concentrations, RAPD polymorphism and their maceration activity

Forty-two Pectobacterium isolates were recovered from contaminated soil and rotted vegetables in Jordan. Twenty of them were belonged to; Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. Carotovorum (Pbc) (= Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora), 11 isolates were belonged to Pectobacterium atrospeticum (= Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica) (Pba) and 11 isolates were not classifiable (Pbs). Maceration activity of the 42 proved their ability to macerate potato, carrot and radish slices. Maceration activity of the isolates either of the same subspecies or in between the isolates of different subspecies isolated from the same host or from different hosts was varied. The measured concentration in μM ml−1 of both cellulase and pectinase enzymes was variable too. The Rapid amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR finger printing of total genomic DNA using a pair of 10-mer oligonucleotide primers amplification showed similar DNA bands with some polymorphic variations amongst the isolates.
2D- and 3D-cell culture

The cultivation of mammalian cells in three-dimensional conditions acquires a priority in a variety of biomedical applications. In the areas of toxicology and anticancer drug development it concerns a significant difference of responses to proapoptotic factors of the cells cultured in 2D versus 3D environment. Besides, the clear-cut differences have been found in cell polarity, cytoskeleton structure, distribution of receptors to wide range of hormones, growth factors, etc. in mammalian cells depending on culture conditions. It is resulted in different response of cultured cells to extracellular stimuli. Multicellular spheroids are regarded presently as the most convenient model of solid tumour growth in vitro. The cultivation of thyroid follicles, mammary acini and other structure units, maintaining initial tissue organization, allows studying the behavior, biochemical features and gene profile of differentiated cells. On the other hand, 3D cultures have some limitations in comparison with a well established monolayer culture. The advantages and disadvantages of each type of cultures and their application in biological and medical researches will be discussed in this review.
Performance of plug-grown geranium seedlings preconditioned with nitrogen fertilizer or low-temperature storage

Pelargonium xhortorum L.H. Bailey 'Scarlet Elite' seedlings were grown in plugs from seed to transplant size. About 14 days before attaining transplant size, seedlings were exposed to various fertility or temperature regimes (preconditioning treatments), then stored for 1 to 3 weeks at 5C. Seedlings receiving 150 mg N/liter before storage flowered sooner and required less crop time (days to flower - days in storage) than those receiving 0, 75, or 300 mg. Temperature preconditioning at 10 or 15C delayed flowering compared to preconditioning at 20C. Final plant height and dry weight were not adversely affected by varying N levels or temperature during preconditioning. Preconditioning seedlings with 300 mg N/liter resulted in seedling mortality rates up to 16% after 7 days' storage. Low temperature or fertility were not effective preconditioning treatments. Best results were attained by preconditioning seedlings with 150 mg N/liter.
The Perception of the Severity of Facial Asymmetry among Laypersons, General Practitioners, Orthodontists, and Maxillofacial Surgeons

Statement of the Problem: The degree of asymmetry perception of dental and medical practitioners is influenced by several factors. The perceived asymmetry affect the treatment plan design. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the consistency of facial asymmetry and identify the amounts of transverse asymmetry that can be regarded as normal and might need correction. Materials and Method: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, three-dimensional (3D) images of a man and a women volunteer were obtained. Then transverse changes were applied by ZBrush software so that for each volunteer, seven 3D images of their face with varying degrees of facial transverse asymmetry were created. Then, the images were displayed to four groups of observers including layperson, general dentists, orthodontists, and maxillofacial surgeons. Finally, the consistency of the perception of these four groups of observers with the different degrees of facial asymmetry was compared Results: Fourteen photographic samples were evaluated and ranked by 80 observers in four groups. The consistency of the perception of the facial transverse asymmetry was equal to 33%, which indicated a lack of consistency. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, there was no consistency between the groups. The perception of dental professionals and ordinary people regarding the severity of transverse facial asymmetry seems to be inconsistent.
Distribution of Glutamate Racemase in Lactic Acid Bacteria and Further Characterization of the Enzyme from Pediococcus pentosaceus

We investigated the distribution of glutamate racemase (EC 5.1.1.3) in bacteria, and found that the enzyme occurs exclusively in lactic acid bacteria. Pediococcus pentosaceus IFO 3182 produces the enzyme most abundantly. The enzyme purified from extracts of the Escherichia coli clone cells carrying the plasmid pICR221, which contains the enzyme gene of P. pentosaceus, does not require cofactors for its catalytic activity [N. Nakajima, K. Tanizawa, H. Tanaka and K. Soda, Agric. Biol. Chem., 50, 2823 (1986)]. This cofactor dispensability was re-confirmed with the enzyme purified from cell extracts of P. pentosaceus. On the basis of kinetic parameters obtained by measurements of the initial velocities, the glutamate racemase reaction was categorized into a typical racemization with a calculated equilibrium constant of 1.05. D- and L-Glutamate were the specific substrates for the enzyme, although L-homocysteinesulfinate, a sulfur analog of L-glutamate, slightly served as a substrate. L-α-Aminoadipate behaved as a competitive inhibitor in the racemization of glutamate. The enzyme was inactivated significantly by treatment with various thiol-blocking reagents.
Induction of immune responses and allergic reactions in piglets by injecting glycinin

Abstract Glycinin, an antigenic glycoprotein found in soybeans, is the major cause of allergic reactions in young animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a prior immunisation of sucking piglets with glycinin on their post-weaning growth performance, serum immunoglobulin contents, small intestinal histamine release and mucosal histology. Forty piglets (7 d of age) were randomly divided into four groups of 10 piglets each. Piglets of Group C (Control) received a physiological saline solution, Groups Im (Immunised) and Im + S (Sensitised) were immunised twice with 500 μg/kg of glycinin at 7 and 21-d-old. All piglets were weaned at 23 d; Groups Im + S and S were sensitised with 2500 μg/kg of glycinin at weaning. Compared with Group C, in Group S the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake and gain:feed ratio were decreased, and serum levels of IgG and IgE were increased. Furthermore, in this group, the histamine levels in the duodenum and ileum were significantly decreased, and the structure of duodenal and ileal mucosa was severely damaged. On the contrary, in Groups Im and Im + S the ADG was increased, serum IgE levels were decreased, intestinal histamine levels were increased and the intestinal mucosa was not damaged. These findings suggest that prior immunisation with glycinin can protect the structural integrity of the intestinal mucosal epithelia and alleviate allergic reactions in piglets.
Atividade antimicrobiana dos óleos essenciais de erva-cidreira e manjericão frente a bactérias de carnes bovinas

The aim of this work is to evaluate, in vitro, the antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Lippia alba (Mill) N. E. Brown and Ocimum basilicum against microorganisms isolated from beef. The oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed for composition by gas chromatography. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration of oil (MBC) were determined by the microplate method using oils concentrations between 0.39 and 25μg/mL. The suspensions of different strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp. at 0.5 x104 CFU /mL. The essential oil of Lippia alba NE Brown was more effi cient as bacteriostatic and bactericidal agent against the different strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp. , isolated from bovine meat, than essential oil of Ocimum basilicum (cultivar “Maria Bonita”), which was more effective against the strains of Escherichia coli. Moreover, the essential oils showed antibacterial activity signifi cantly more effective than those obtained by other researchers
Intraspecific chemical communication by a territorial salamander via the postcloacal gland

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Variation in the Pacific Mud Turtle

A SUPERFICIAL examination of Pacific mud turtles, Clemmys marmorata (Baird and Girard), from various localities readily reveals difences in external characters. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether these differences are geographic or merely individual. Correlation of external characters with age or sex must be understood before further analysis is attempted. Most of the specimens examined in the course of the present study are in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology of the University of California; others were from the California Academy of Sciences, Stanford University, the San Diego Society of Natural History, the private collection of L. M. Klauber, and the College of Puget Sound. Acknowledgment is made to those in charge of these collections who made the material available. In all, 158 specimens were studied; of these 138 were from California, 9 from Oregon, 6 from Lower California, 4 from Washington, and 1 from Idaho. Measurements were made to the nearest millimeter by means of 200 mm. calipers. The length of the carapace and of the plastron was taken as the distance between the mid-anterior and mid-posterior margins of each. The external characters of specimens were compared with those given by Van Denburgh (1922: 974-976), whose description was found to be the most recent and complete. Particular attention was paid to characters that differed from his description and to those indicated as variable.
Vacuum Hot Pressing of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Ferritic Stainless Steels: Effect of Al Addition on the Microstructure and Properties

The present article investigates the fabrication of oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic stainless steel (FSS). Three different ODS alloys with three different Al contents were fabricated, where the presence of Al-based oxides play a crucial role in determining the size of the oxide particles. Due to Ostwald ripening, the samples with Al show coarser oxide particles compared to the alloy without Al, which hampers the density of the fabricated samples and, hence, have reduced hardness levels. The present results suggest that the composition of the oxide present in ODS plays a crucial role in determining the properties of these samples.
Agronomic biofortification with selenium improves the yield and nutraceutical quality in tomato under soilless conditions

Selenium (Se) is an essential element for humans. Its consumption comes from food of animal or vegetal origin; whose content varies widely depending on its availability in soil or anthropogenic sources. Biofortification improves food nutritional quality, and its consumption has a positive influence in human health. Thus, the objective of this research was to assess agricultural biofortification with Se in tomato fruit and its effects on yield, nutraceutical quality, and antioxidant capacity. Five Se doses (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg L) in the form of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) were added in a nutritional solution in a hydroponic system. The results obtained indicated that agricultural biofortification with Se applied in the nutritional solution improved yield, nutraceutical quality, and Se concentration in tomato fruit. The optimum Se dose that maximized yield and nutraceutical quality, as well as the recommended consumption concentration in tomato fruit in this study was 2 mg L (Na2SeO4) because higher doses decreased yield and bioactive compound biosynthesis. Incorporating Se in the nutritional solution is an alternative to increase phytochemical compound biosynthesis in tomato fruit and yield with the possibility of improving public health with its consumption.
Survival rates of Puerto Rican birds : are islands really that different ?

Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. Minnesota, Minneapolis. CALDWELL, G. S. , AND R. W. RUBINOFF. 1983. Avoidance of venomous sea snakes by naive herons and egrets. Auk 100:195-198. COPPINGER, R. P. 1969. The effect of experience and novelty on feeding behavior with reference to the evolution of warning coloration in butterflies. I. Reactions of wild-caught adult Blue Jays to novel insects. Behaviour 35:45-60. GWINNER, E. 1964. Untersuchungen iiber das Ausdrucksund Sozialverhalten des Kolkraben (Corvus corax L.). Z. Tierpsychol. 21:657-748. HEINRICH, B. 1988a. Winter foraging at carcasses by three sympatric corvids, with emphasis on recruitment by the raven, Corvus corax. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 23:141-156. HEINRICH, B. 1988b. Why do ravens fear their food? Condor 90:950-952. HEINRICH, B. 1989. Ravens in winter. Summit Books of Simon & Schuster, New York. HEINRICH, B. 1995. Neophila and exploration in juvenile Common Ravens, Corvus corvax. Anim. Behav. 50:695-704. JAMES, F. C. 1971. Ordinations of habitat relationships among breeding birds. Wilson Bull. 83:215235. MARZLUFF, J. 1988. Do Pinyon Jays alter nest placement based on prior experience? Anim. Behav. 36:1-10. MARZLUFF, J., AND B. HEINRICH. 1991. Foraging by Common Ravens in the presence and absence of territory holders: An experimental analysis of social foraging. Anim. Behav. 42:755-770. ROPER, T. J. 1990. Responses of domestic chicks to artificially coloured insect prey: Effects of previous experience and background colour. Anim. Behav. 39:466-473. SCHULER, W. , AND E. HESSE. 1985. On the function of warning coloration: A black and yellow pattern inhibits prey-attack by naive domestic chicks. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 16:249-255. SMITH, S. M. 1975. Innate recognition of coral snake pattern by a possible avian predator. Science 187: 759-760. STIEHL, R. B. 1978. Aspects of the ecology of the Common Raven in Harney Basin, Oregon. Ph.D. dissertation, Portland State Univ., Portland, Oregon.
Screening of Geraniol-Rich Flavor Hop and Interesting Behavior of β-Citronellol during Fermentation under Various Hop-Addition Timings1

In a previous study, we have focused on biotransformation of hop-derived monoterpene alcohols (linalool, geraniol, β-citronellol, nerol, and α-terpineol) and their contribution to the flavor of hopped beer. Geraniol showed a drastic decrease during the growth phase and a part of geraniol was converted to β-citronellol by yeast. β-Citronellol was almost absent in hop and wort and gradually increased during the total fermentation period. The concentrations of geraniol and β-citronellol in finished beer could be enriched depending on the initial geraniol content in the wort by using a geraniol-rich hop. As a result of sensory evaluation, there was an additive effect among linalool, geraniol, and β-citronellol, and the flavor impression became lime-like by coexistence of these three monoterpene alcohols. In this study, we compared the composition of monoterpene alcohols in various hops, including new flavor hop varieties. Of all screened hops, most of the U.S. hop varieties contained relatively large amount of geraniol. Cascade, Bravo, and Mosaic were screened as geraniol-rich flavor hops. By using these varieties, we brewed test beers under various hop-addition timings to compare the composition of three monoterpene alcohols and total hop flavor profiles in the finished beers. As a result, the content of geraniol in finished beer could increase by delaying the timing of hop addition, while the yeast growth phase was avoided. On the other hand, the β-citronellol contents in the finished beers made with the same hop variety (except Bravo) were present at almost the same levels, regardless of the timings of the hop addition, because of active generation of β-citronellol during the storage period. In addition, interesting behaviors of monoterpene alcohols, especially β-citronellol, observed in this study, and the relationship between the timing of hop addition and the profile of various flavor compounds in beer are discussed.
The stream-dwelling larva of the Ruwenzori River Frog, Amietia ruwenzorica , its buccal cavity and pathology of chytridiomycosis

Tadpoles of Amietia ruwenzorica (Pyxicephalidae, Cacosterninae) were collected in the Ruwenzori Mountains, Uganda(identified by DNA barcoding). The ventrally directed enlarged oral disc with a high number of labial tooth rows (LTRF9(4)/9(1)) and the narrow tail with robust caudal musculature characterise them as stream-dwellers. We name this mor-photype the 'common or standard type of stream-adaptation', because special additional adhesive organs are missing in A. ruwenzorica. The uniserially arranged oral teeth of the spoon-shaped type with 16 to 18 cusps per tooth are known fromother anuran larvae, especially from pyxicephalids. The buccal morphology resembles generalized tadpoles with some re-strictions and all features of a suspension-feeding pyxicephalid larva are present in A. ruwenzorica. This leads us to theconclusion that tadpoles of this species are suspension-feeders scraping periphyton off the surface and ingesting bottomand deposit particles. Histopathological and scanning electron microscopy investigations demonstrated the presence of theamphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) in part of our material resulting in signs of chytridiomycosis indicated by the loss of labial teeth and by corrosion of jaw sheaths.
Heritability, Trait Association and Path Coefficient Studies for Some Agronomic Characters in Synthetic Elite Lines of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Under Rainfed Conditions

50 synthetic elite lines of wheat were evaluated to their genetic variability, heritability for quantitative traits and the direct and indirect contributions of important yield components towards grain yield to identify the characters of utmost importance that may be used as selection criteria in a wheat breeding program. The experimental material consisted of. Agronomic characters were recorded including days to heading, days to flowering, days to anthesis, days to physiological maturity, grain filling period, plant height, plant biomass, number of spikes / plant, number of spikelets /spike, spike length, harvest index, 1000-grain weight and grain yield / plant. Harvest index exhibited highest heritability value of 83.31% while 1000-grain weight showed minimum value of 42.32%. Grain yield correlated positively with flag leaf area, plant height, biomass, number of spikes, spike length, number of spikelets / spike, number of grains / spike, 1000-grain weight and harvest index. Path coefficient analysis indicated that grain yield had a positive direct effect with spike length and number of grains per spike. The traits having a positive direct effect on grain yield can be considered as a selection criteria for evolving high yielding wheat elite genotypes.
On the equations of evolution in a Banach space

under the condition U8 ,8x = x. Equation (1.1) is the homogeneous equation of evolution. Rather stringent conditions on A (t) are necessary in order for (1.1) to hold in the strictest sense. We therefore consider separately the left and right derivatives of Ut,. with respect to t and prove their existence only in a weak sense. Furthermore, in the general case we do not even require that D+ Ut,8x be in the original space X. In Theorem 3.1, we employ an extension A of A which may have values in a larger space. In [3], T. Kato proved the existence of the family { Ut, } under certain regularity conditions on A (t). Our method of construction differs considerably from Kato's; it is similar to that of Yosida [7] in the case A (t) is independent of t. Our, and Kato's, first condition on A (t) is condition S of Definition 2.1. If A (t) is independent of t, then this is the only condition needed, as Yosida proved in [7]. The operator Jx(t) defined by (2.2) converges strongly to I as X-*oo, and the operator A (t)J,,(t) is a bounded operator for each tG [a, b] and each X>0. We begin by studying (1.1), (or more generally, (2.12) and (2.13)), with A (t) replaced by the bounded operator A (t)J,(t) and obtain a solution { U I} with U =I. As X-, UXs converges strongly to a limiting operator which gives the solution to the homogeneous equation of evolution, provided "solution" is suitably interpreted. The properties of the approximating family { Utl'>} are investigated in ? 2; the most general of our results is given in Theorem 3.1 of ? 3. A comparison of Theorem 3.1 with Kato's Theorem 2 shows that neither result follows from the other. We impose conditions on both A and A *, whereas his is on A alone. On the other hand, we obtain also the solution of the adjoint evolution equation. We relax slightly Kato's condition that the domain of A (t) be independent of t, although our results in that direction are not general enough to permit application to two important special cases described below. If X is the space of continuous functions on some interval and A (t) is a
Nonviral vector-borne zoonoses associated with mammals in the United States

Interest in vector-borne zoonoses has increased during the past few years as new disease agents have been identified and old ones have re-emerged due to important changes in their ecology or epidemiology. This article reviews nonviral vector-borne zoonoses that occur in the United States and are associated with mammals and their ectoparasites. The zoonoses discussed in this review include plague, tularemia, Lyme disease, tick-borne relapsing fevers, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, rickettsialpox, louse-borne typhus, flea-borne typhus, Q fever, and human ehrlichiosis.