Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diffusive Transport in Compacted Mixtures of Clay and Crushed Granite

Diffusion coefficients are important parameters for predicting migration rates of contaminants through earthen barrier materials used in many waste containment strategies. Apparent diffusion coefficients, D, were measured for Tc and I in compacted 1:3 mixtures of Lake Agassiz clay and crushed granite. Technetium99 and I are two of the most important radioisotopes present in nuclear fuel waste. Lake Agassiz clay is a glacial lake clay composed principally of smectite, illite, quartz and kaolinite. Before being mixed with clay, crushed granite was separated into the following particle size fractions: <150, 150 to 300, 300 to 850, 850 to 2000, and 2000 to 4750 μπι. The dry density of the mixes was about 2 Mg/m and they were saturated with a NaCa-Cl-dominated synthetic groundwater solution having an effective ionic strength of 220 mol/m. The mean D values (n = 4) for Tc in the mixes ranged from 20 μπι/8 when the granite particle size was 2000 to 4750 μπι to 0.19 μπι/8 when it was <150 μπι. In clay alone, the mean D value was 59 μπι/8. The decrease in D with decreasing granite particle size is largely attributed to an increase in the extent of reduction of Tc(VII) to Tc(IV) and its subsequent sorption on Fe(III) oxyhydroxides present in granite. The reductants are probably Fe(II)-bearing minerals, such as magnetite, in granite. The finer the granite particle size, the greater the reactive surface area. For I, clay controls the diffusion process and granite is essentially inert filler. The mean D values for I are about 3 μπτΥβ in all cases. The results show that, depending on the environmental conditions and the nature of the diffusant, crushed granite in compacted clay-based barriers can markedly slow mass transport.
Job polarisation: Capturing the effects of work organisation

This article critically challenges the findings and assumptions of mainstream job polarisation literature. Based on the European Working Conditions Survey data and on the Job Demand-Control model, which allows for capturing the organisational dimension of jobs, we examine the patterns and evolution of occupations in 22 European countries from 2005 to 2015. Instead of pervasive job polarisation, we observe a near-pervasive trend of upgrading job quality, suggesting that job polarisation may be caused by the undervaluation/devaluation of jobs low in the occupational hierarchy – not by computerisation-driven changes in work tasks. Indeed, only the former can explain the decrease in the number of low-quality jobs while the number of low-paid jobs increases. After documenting the relevance of firm-level organisational choices, we suggest that counteracting job polarisation requires, beyond meso-level collective bargaining, a public intervention that promotes participatory decision-making in firms. JEL Codes: J2, J81, M540
The Dual Impact of Product Line Length on Consumer Choice

Although extant literature has argued for both positive and negative effects of product line length on choice, i.e. a “dual impact,” such a possibility has not been empirically investigated. This is the first study to address this issue, using a multiple discrete choice model for horizontally differentiated goods. The authors argue that the dual impact of product line length is due to competing effects of the two constituent dimensions of product line structure: a positive effect of product line width (total number of product configurations offered) and a negative effect of average line depth (average number of SKUs per product configuration). They also examine the moderating role of choice diversification propensity manifested in multiple discreteness. An empirical application in the potato chip market confirms the expectations regarding the competing effects of the two product line dimensions and hence the dual impact of product line length. Furthermore, the negative effect of average line depth is found to be more pronounced for households with higher choice diversification propensity. These findings are not only novel but also meaningful since simulations show that the corresponding effects influence product line management decisions and new product design.
Between gentrification and supergentrification: Hybrid processes of socio-spatial upscaling

ABSTRACT The expansion of affluence and the financialization of real estate have marked socio-spatial urban inequality in the 21st century. These developments have contributed to the spread of gentrification and rise of supergentrification, or the further upscaling of already gentrified areas by affluent in-movers. This paper analyzes U.S. Census and American Community Survey data on Brooklyn, New York City’s largest borough, using a novel theory-driven quantitative model to uncover emerging forms of socioeconomic spatial change that expand our understanding of gentrification, supergentrification, and the impact of growing affluence on cities and neighborhoods.
Distribution Pattern and Phytosociological study of Trees Associated with Agroforestry in Poonch District of Jammu and Kashmir, India

The focus of present study was to find the phytosociology, distribution pattern, and diversity of different species of trees associated with traditional agroforestry in the district of Poonch, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Data was collected through quadrat survey method. A total of fifty quadrats of the size (10x10m) each were thrown randomly in agriculture fields. Total 26 tree species belonging to 16 families and 21 genera were encountered in the agricultural fields with Grewia optiva, Pyrus persica and Celtis australis being the tree species in dominance. The most dense species of tree recorded was Grewia optiva with a density value of 3.88 tree/ha which was followed by Pyrus persica with a density of 3.74 tree/ha. Buxus wallichiana was the least dense species recorded (0.82 tree/ha). The study revealed that the area has vast potential sites for the plantation of various agroforestry related tree species to solve the problems of fuel, fodder and timber.
Stressors and Supports in Postdisaster Recovery: Experiences After the Black Saturday Bushfires

ABSTRACT Many studies show that long-term poor mental health outcomes for disaster-affected people are predicted by postdisaster stressors. Despite this finding, existing recovery frameworks vary in how these stressors are conceptualised. This paper examines community members’ subjective perceptions of what they found problematic and useful in their recoveries after the Australian 2009 Black Saturday bushfires, and considers them in the light of these frameworks. We report the findings from responses to semi-structured survey questions as part of the Beyond Bushfires study, 3–4 years after these bushfires (n = 811). Participants identified the biggest problems as managing rebuilding processes and managing their own mental health, memories of the Black Saturday fires, and their concerns for family members. The four most useful supports were family, friends, rebuilding resources, and their community. We found a complex interplay of the same factors operating as both stressors and supports, particularly in relation to family levels of coping. IMPLICATIONS Disaster recovery efforts require the simultaneous management of physical rebuilding and human processes. Families, friends, and neighbours are underestimated resources in postdisaster recovery. Given the complex interplay of the same factors operating as both stressors and supports, interventions are needed that maximise the positive dimensions of these factors. To manage this complexity, multiple frameworks are needed to guide disaster recovery.
Midterm Functional and Structural Outcomes of Large/Massive Cuff Tears Treated by Arthroscopic Partial Repair

Background: Previous studies have shown good clinical outcomes in patients with irreparable large or massive rotator cuff tears treated using arthroscopic partial repair (APR); however, few studies have evaluated both functional and structural outcomes in these patients. Purpose: To evaluate both functional and structural outcomes in patients with large or massive rotator cuff tears treated using APR. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Between March 2009 and November 2016, a total of 30 patients underwent APR because of the irreparability of their large or massive rotator cuff tears during surgery. Of these patients, 24 completed the minimum 24-month follow-up (mean, 61.8 ± 27.1 months; range, 24-112 months) and were included in this study. Functional outcome measures included the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) and University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) scores and the visual analog scale for pain. Structural outcome measures comprised preoperative fatty degeneration, mediolateral tear size, residual tendon attachment area, and glenohumeral (GH) arthritic changes evaluated on magnetic resonance imaging scans or plain radiographs before and after surgery. Functional and structural outcomes were evaluated preoperatively, at 3 months postoperatively, and at the final follow-up. Results: The JOA scores for all patients significantly improved from 67.9 ± 11.3 preoperatively to 85.4 ± 15.6 postoperatively (P < .0001). Similarly, the UCLA scores significantly improved from 15.8 ± 4.20 preoperatively to 29 ± 6.69 at final follow-up postoperatively (P < .0001). The mediolateral tear size were significantly decreased at 3 months postoperatively (P < .001) and at the final follow-up (P < .001). Compared with preoperative scores, the novel score evaluating the residual tendon attachment area improved from 3.08 ± 0.46 to 3.54 ± 0.41 (P < .001) after surgery overall, although it significantly deteriorated from 3 months postoperatively to the final follow-up. GH osteoarthritis progressed in 6 patients (25%). Patients who developed osteoarthritis had lower JOA and UCLA scores than did those who did not (JOA, P = .010; UCLA, P = .037). Conclusion: In irreparable large or massive rotator cuff tears treated using APR, functional outcome improved after surgery. Although the residual tendon attachment area improved, functional outcome after APR corresponded to the GH alterations at the midterm follow-up. Longer-term follow-up is needed to further elucidate the effect of APR on clinical outcomes in these patients.
The evolving perceptual model of streamflow generation at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed

The Panola Mountain Research Watershed (PMRW) is a 41‐hectare forested catchment within the Piedmont Province of the Southeastern United States. Observations, experimentation, and numerical modelling have been conducted at Panola over the past 35 years. But to date, these studies have not been fully incorporated into a more comprehensive synthesis. Here we describe the evolving perceptual understanding of streamflow generation mechanisms at the PMRW. We show how the long‐term study has enabled insights that were initially unforeseen but are also unachievable in short‐term studies. In particular, we discuss how the accumulation of field evidence, detailed site characterization, and modelling enabled a priori hypotheses to be formed, later rejected, and then further refined through repeated field campaigns. The extensive characterization of the soil and bedrock provided robust process insights not otherwise achievable from hydrometric measurements and numerical modelling alone. We focus on two major aspects of streamflow generation: the role of hillslopes (and their connection to the riparian zone) and the role of catchment storage in controlling fluxes and transit times of water in the catchment. Finally, we present location‐independent hypotheses based on our findings at PMRW and suggest ways to assess the representativeness of PMRW in the broader context of headwater watersheds.
Innovation Gaps and Barriers in Alternative Innovative Solutions for Sustainable High Nature Value Grasslands. Evidence from Romania

Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) proposes environmental policies developed around action-based conservation measures supported by agri-environment schemes (AES). High Nature Value (HNV) farming represents a combination of low-intensity and mosaic practices mostly developed in agricultural marginalized rural areas which sustain rich biodiversity. Being threatened by intensification and abandonment, such farming practices were supported in the last CAP periods by targeted AES. This study aims to identify the most important farming trends in a recognized HNV grasslands Romanian site, subject to public conservation actions. The content analysis of multi-actor focus groups transcripts identifies innovation needs for alternative sustainable HNV farming systems, assessing also the most important barriers for their local deployment. Results show that stakeholders have strong awareness about the existence of HNV farming practices in their territory and their negative trends (abandonment; intensification) that might irreversibly affect biodiversity and cultural values. Current AES could not compensate for the existing innovation gaps. Although local stakeholders have basic awareness about alternative innovative approaches, they failed in their deployment mainly due to the lack of collective actions. Access to adapted knowledge reservoirs and the promotion of local innovation catalyzers are essential for the future sustainability of HNV farming practices.
Pulmonary function tests: a study among healthy individuals of different age groups in Akhnoor Tehsil

Background: Pulmonary function tests may be affected by many factors like age, gender, race and body surface area of an individual. Lung functions decline throughout adult life, and healthy people are no exception. Aging is a universal progressive decline, but it is not a disease. The present study was done with an aim to establish the age effect on lung function test of healthy non-smoking people belonging to the rural belt of Jammu region. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 180 patients attending the OPD of department of medicine, sub-district hospital Akhnoor. With age ranging from 11 to 70 years, healthy individuals, non-smokers were selected for the study. Pulmonary tests like forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 st second (FEV 1 ) and peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) were conducted. Results: Younger population had a high value for FEV 1 and PEFR showed a rise among age groups: 11-20, 21-30 and 31-40 years, reaching up to 7.23±1.75 (L/sec), and then declining to reach 3.93±0.98 (L/sec) for the age group: >60 years. Almost all parameters showed a resembling ascends and decline with ageing. Lung function has further variability in older people, depending upon lung capacity at maturation time. This study was quite in line with the most of the research findings in the field, but done under a different social set up. Conclusions: Considerable differences in the respiratory patterns of healthy individuals with ageing suggest that pulmonary function tests have to become a part of routine health examinations in elderly population.
Alterations in Serum Myostatin Levels via Swimming Exercise in High Fructose Mediated Metabolic Syndrome Model

Aims: Metabolic syndrome is a table of abdominal diseases characterized by insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, and it is a serious risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to understand how metabolic syndrome causes a change in myostatin levels, and to understand if swimming exercise have protective and therapeutic effects in fructose mediated metabolic syndrome model by regulating serum myostatin level. Methodology: A total of 21 Sprague Dawley male rats were used in the study. Metabolic syndrome was induced by adding 30% fructose into drinking water for 5 weeks The rats (6-8 weeks old, weighing 200-250 g) were randomly divided into 3 groups as 7 rats in each cage. Swimming exercises were applied three days a week for six weeks. On exercise days, rats were exercised for 20 minutes in a day. Blood was collected from all animals in aprotinin tubes to be used in the necessary analysis with decapitation. Serum samples obtained after centrifugation were kept at -80 Original Research Article Karaman et al.; JPRI, 33(15): 40-44, 2021; Article no.JPRI. 66293 41 °C until the assay were performed. In serum samples, myostatin was measured by ELISA method. Results: There was a statistically significant difference resulting from G2, which had the highest value in glucose and triglyceride levels between groups. G2 had the lowest HDL levels. Myostatin levels were significantly higher in G2 compared to other groups. Conclusion: Moderate swimming exercises are protective and therapeutic in preventing chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. In line with these results, it can be said that swimming exercise is a therapeutic practice that regulates impaired fasting serum glucose, increased TG levels and decreased HDL levels and downregulates serum myostatin
The crystal structure of uytenbogaardtite, Ag3AuS2, and its relationships with gold and silver sulfides-selenides

Abstract The crystal structure of the mineral uytenbogaardtite, a rare silver-gold sulfide, was solved using intensity data collected for a crystal from the type locality, the Comstock lode, Storey County, Nevada (USA). The study revealed that the structure is trigonal, space group R3̅c, with cell parameters a = 13.6952(5), c = 17.0912(8) Å and V= 2776.1(2) Å3. The refinement of an anisotropic model led to an R index of 0.0140 for 1099 independent reflections. The structure consists of a sub-lattice of sulfur atoms forming a distorted body-centred cubic arrangement. The structure contains distinct tri-atomic linear groups (S-Au-S) and Ag atoms bonded to four S atoms (from four different linear groups) in a distorted tetrahedral arrangement. On the basis of information gained from this characterization, uytenbogaardtite is here definitively proved to be structurally different from petzite, Ag3AuTe2 and fischesserite, Ag3AuSe2. By use of high-quality single-crystal diffraction data, the symmetry of the mineral was found to be trigonal, and not tetragonal as erroneously supposed. A revaluation of the powder diffraction data listed in the scientific literature for uytenbogaardtite according to the structural results obtained here leads to an excellent agreement. Crystal-chemical features of uytenbogaardtite, Au2S, petrovskaite AgAuS, uytenbogaardtite-fischesserite series Ag3Au(S2-xSex) and acanthite-naummanite series Ag2(S1-xSex) are compared.
Lonely Hearts, Empty Booths? The Relationship between Loneliness, Reported Voting Behavior and Voting as Civic Duty

Objective. The study investigates the relationship between perceived loneliness and the individuals’ attitude whether voting is a civic duty. With that, it is the ﬁrst study to shed light on the mechanism linking perceived loneliness to voting behavior. Methods. Two independent, cross-sectional, and representative datasets from Germany ( n = 1641) and the Netherlands ( n = 1431) are analyzed. Results. The regression results and effect decomposition techniques show that loneliness is associated with reduced intention to vote as well as a lower sense of duty to vote. The effect of loneliness on voting behavior is partially mediated through a reduced sense of duty. Conclu-sion. Loneliness is associated with political disengagement. The study provides empirical evidence that the relationship between loneliness and turnout is partially mediated through sense of duty. This showcases that lonely individuals tend to feel detached from society and are less likely to feel obligated to participate in the electoral process.
Design of High Strength and Lightweight Construction Composites Using Advanced Porous and Tough Cementitious Materials

High-strength and lightweight are two of the most important parameters for composites in the construction field. Here, we developed a novel foam concrete structure with sandwich porous structure by using in-situ polymerized polyacrylamide and ultra-stable foam, which can obtain higher mechanical strength in comparison to the normal porous concrete with the same density. The ratio of stiffness to weight was maximized to achieve the optimal sandwich porous structure size. The SEM images showed that the interface bond between the foam concrete and the polymer modified cement paste was tight and robust. The flexural strength of the novel structure was 65.6% higher than that of the foamed concrete at the same density. The series model was established to calculate the composite thermal conductivity of the novel foam concrete structure, indicating that the heat insulation was slightly improved compared with the normal foam concrete. Moreover, water resistance displayed a slight increase by constructing this sandwich porous structure. Hopefully, the novel composite with sandwich porous structure can put a new way for designing the lightweight and high strength insulation thermal structure.
Evaluation of biochemical and antioxidant properties of Indian and Yemeni honey

Honey exhibits a potent antioxidant activity; it varies according to floral sources and the geographical origin of the honey. The study was aimed to evaluate the biochemical and antioxidant properties of 84 monofloral and multiforal honey samples collected throughout India and Yemen. All the Indian and Yemeni honey samples exhibited considerable variations with reference to their level of total phenolic content (TFC), total flavonoid content (TFC), radical-scavenging activity, ascorbic acid as well as total carotenoid content (TCC). A strong significant correlation between biochemical parameters and radical scavenging activity was found. Our results indicated that Indian and Yemeni honey can be considered a good source of antioxidant and biochemical compounds.
POSTHARVEST EFFECTS OF DIPPING AND FUMIGATING FLORIDA AVOCADOS WITH ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE AND ETHYLENE CHLOROBROMIDE

SUMMARY Several infestations of the Mediterranean fruit fly in Florida necessitated investigations to determine the effects of dips and fumigants on harvested Florida avocados. The effects of treatment with various dosages of ethylene dibromide (EDB) and ethylene chlorobromide (ECB) were evaluated during 3 crop years.