Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Central Nervous System Infections Treated by an Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy Program in a Public Teaching Hospital

Background: Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) has been safely used to treat a variety of infections. However, limited data are available on the safety and efficacy of OPAT for central nervous system (CNS) infections. Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center study evaluating the safety and efficacy of OPAT in patients with CNS infections between July 1, 2009, and May 31, 2016. Demographic, medical, infection-specific, and drug-specific data were collected for each patient. Patients were categorized as clinical cure, probable cure, or treatment failure based on resolution or recurrence of infection for up to 1 year after OPAT completion. Safety of OPATwas evaluated through adverse drug event (ADE) and line complication (LC) monitoring. Readmission rates from OPAT-related ADE and LC were also recorded. Results: Forty-seven patients with CNS infections (mean age, 45.3 years; 70.2% male) received OPAT for a median duration of 12 days (range, 2–144 days); 1 patient was excluded from efficacy analysis because of hospice transition. Thirty-seven patients (80.4%) achieved clinical cure, 7 patients (15.2%) had probable cure, and 2 patients (4.3%) experienced treatment failure. Three patients (6.4%) experienced ADE and 4 patients (8.5%) experienced LC during OPAT. Five patients (10.6%) required rehospitalization because of worsening infection (n = 1), LC (n = 2), cerebrospinal fluid leak repair (n = 1), and insurance issues (n = 1). Six patients (12.8%) required a therapy change because of ADE or LC. Conclusions: Treating CNS infectionswithOPAT seems to be safe and effective based on the low failure and complication rates observed in this study.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue

7-position, 8-position, 12-position, 16, 18, 19, 20, 22, 25-position, 27-position, 30-position, 33-position, and one place or plural places of the 37-position is modified and that glucagon-like peptide -1 (GLP-1) discloses compounds. Using these GLP-1 compounds are also disclosed methods of treating a subject in need of GLP-1 receptor stimulation.
Thermophysical Properties Characterization of Sulphoaluminate Cement Mortars Incorporating Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage

Efficient use of solar energy by thermal energy storage composites and utilizing environmentally friendly cementitious materials are important trends for sustainable building composite materials. In this study, a paraffin/low density polyethylene (LDPE) composite shape-stabilized phase change material (SSPCM) was prepared and incorporated into a sulphoaluminate cement (SAC) mortar to prepare thermal energy storage mortar. The thermal and mechanical properties of SSPCM and a SAC-based thermal energy storage material (SCTESM) were investigated. The result of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis indicates that the latent heat of SCTESM is as high as 99.99 J/g. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates that the SCTESM does not show significant decomposition below 145 °C. The volume stability test shows the volume shrinkage percentage of the SCTESM is less than that of pure SAC mortar and far less than that of ordinary Portland cement mortar. The SCTESM has high early strength so that the compressive strength at 1-, 3-, and 7-day curing age is up to that at 28-day curing age of 67.5%, 78.3%, and 86.7%, respectively. Furthermore, a mathematical prediction model of the SCTESM compressive strength was proposed. The investigation of latent heat storage characteristics and the thermoregulating performance reveals that SCTESMs have the excellent capacity of heat storage and thermoregulating.
Bacterial strain specificity of Enterococcus faecalis interaction with intestinal epithelial cells in chronic intestinal inflammation

Enterococcus faecalis ist ein Bakterium, das im menschlichen Darm und in fermentierten Lebensmitteln vorkommt. E. faecalis spielt jedoch auch eine Rolle fur Harnwegs-Entzundungen, Bakteriamie, Endokarditis und moglicherweise auch fur chronisch entzundliche Darmerkrankungen (CED). Wir haben die Bedeutung von 3 E. faecalis Stammen fur CED untersucht. Mit Hilfe von keimfreien Interleukin-10 defizienten (IL-10-/-) Mausen, ein Modell fur chronische Kolitis, konnten wir signifikante stammspezifische Unterschiede in der Entzundung des Kolons von monokolonisierten IL-10-/- Mausen nachweisen. Zudem konnten wir zeigen, dass Gelatinase, eine E. faecalis Zink Metallo-Protease, sowie das fsr quorum sensing System von E. faecalis zur Kolitis beitragen. Daher konnte der Einsatz von Inhibitoren gegen bakterielle Proteasen in der Behandlung von CED erfolgreich sein.
Analytical Multiloop Control for Multivariable Systems with Time Delays

In this paper, a new design method with performance improvements of multiloop controllers for multivariable systems is proposed. Precise expression is developed to show the relationship between the dynamic- and steady-state characteristics of the multiloop control system and its parameters. First, an equivalent transfer function (ETF) is introduced to decompose the multivariable system, based on which the multiloop controller parameters are calculated. According to the ETF matrix property, an analytical expression for the PI controller for multivariable systems is derived in terms of substituting the ETF matrix for the inverse open-loop transfer function. In the proposed controller design method, no approximation of the inverse of the process model is needed, implying that this method can be applied to some multivariable systems with high dimensions. The simulation results obtained from several examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Traditional bullying and cyberbullying among children and adolescents in Germany – Cross-sectional results of the 2017/18 HBSC study and trends

Bullying is a specific form of violence that can potentially lead to numerous and long-term negative health implications. Despite consistent coverage in the media, particularly on cyberbullying, as of yet there are only few representative findings on the frequency of (cyber)bullying in Germany. This article analyses how widespread bullying and cyberbullying were at schools in Germany in 2018, what differences exist between girls and boys, age groups and various types of schools, and changes in bullying trends between 2002 and 2018. Our findings are based on an analysis of the data provided by the 2017/18 cycle (N=4,347 students, 53.0% female) and previous cycles of the German Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. In the 2018 cycle, boys reported having bullied other children more frequently than girls, but were bullied just as often. 15-year-olds reported having bullied other children more frequently than 11- to- 13-year-olds but reported being bullied less frequently. Students at grammar schools (Gymnasium) least frequently reported any involvement in bullying. Only few children and adolescents reported cases of cyberbullying. Compared to all previous survey years, 2018 saw the lowest number of children that reported having bullied others. However, reports of having been bullied have remained almost stable. The findings highlight the need for evidence-based prevention and intervention anti-bullying programmes and measures across all types of general education schools and age groups.
Virus life cycle and the parthenogenesis of malignant catarrhal fever

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is caused by two closely associated gamma herpes viruses namely alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1) and ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) and characterised with lymphocyte infiltration in non-lymphoid tissues, vasculitis and epithelial damage. The mechanism by which the viruses cause the disease is not fully understood. The hypothesis of this project was that MCF is initiated by aberrant gene expression in endothelium, epithelium and infected T cells of susceptible animals, because they are not the natural hosts for the viruses and the viruses will not have evolved in them. The first goal was to examine whether rabbit epithelium and bovine endothelium can be infected in vitro and in vivo with AlHV-1 using q PCR and, if infected whether viral transcripts could be identified in these tissue cells using q PCR and in situ hybridisation (ISH). The results revealed that endothelium and epithelium can be infected and latent infection can be established in them. This suggests the likelihood of establishing a similar type of infection in vivo. Secondly, the trial to identify latency-associated transcripts using 5-azacitidine treatment on bovine turbinate fibroblast (BT) cells and rabbit large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) was only partially successful. However, pan T antigen was expressed in 5-azacitidine treated but not untreated LGLs cells. This may indicate a function of the drug either directly or through the latency state. Transcriptome analysis in the infected and treated LGLs and BT cells showed that several pathways were affected by 5-aza although a possible latency (low transcript levels) was only seen in the BTs. Transcriptome analysis revealed similar pathways to those described for MCF in the tissues in vivo, and an effect of 5-aza on these. Viral transcripts analysis showed that genes related to productive/lytic cycles were higher than latent ones on day 17 of the in vivo experiment demonstrating that the virus may replicate at this stage of the disease. The attempt to localize the viral transcripts on the rabbit infected tissues using ISH was unsuccessful due to a lack of time.
Data‐driven research in retail operations—A review

We review the operations research/management science literature on data‐driven methods in retail operations. This line of work has grown rapidly in recent years, thanks to the availability of high‐quality data, improvements in computing hardware, and parallel developments in machine learning methodologies. We survey state‐of‐the‐art studies in three core aspects of retail operations—assortment optimization, order fulfillment, and inventory management. We then conclude the paper by pointing out some interesting future research possibilities for our community.
Unbalanced radial current flow simulation of no-insulation REBCO pancake coils during normal state transition

The no-insulation (NI) winding technique greatly enhances the thermal stability of REBCO (REBa2Cu3O x , RE = Rare Earth) pancake coils by avoiding burn-out and thermal runaway. The complicated electrical behaviors in NI REBCO pancake coils produce convoluted mechanical behaviors, so that some journal papers reported that high-field NI REBCO pancake coils were mechanically damaged during quench. To apply NI REBCO magnets for practical commercial use, it is important to understand the electromagnetic and mechanical behaviors of NI REBCO pancake coils in detail with both experiments and simulations. To clarify the electrical behaviors, a few simulation methods for NI REBCO pancake coils have been proposed; such as a simple RL parallel equivalent circuit. In these previous models, the radial current paths along the top and bottom of the pancake coils are represented as one current circuit path. However, since the radial current path of the bottom of one pancake coil is actually very close to that of the top of the next lowest coil, inductive behavior between these two paths appears. The simulation results show a probability that different amounts of radial current on the top and bottom of one pancake coil are carried during quench.
A comparison of predicted and observed ocean tidal loading in Alaska

We investigate the elastic and anelastic response of the crust and upper mantle across Alaska to mass loading by ocean tides. GPS-inferred surface displacements recorded by the Plate Boundary Observatory network are compared with predictions of deformation associated with the redistribution of ocean water due to the tides. We process more than 5 yr of GPS data from 131 stations using a kinematic precise point positioning algorithm and estimate tidal contributions using harmonic analysis. We also forward calculate load-induced surface displacements by convolving ocean-tide models with load Green’s functions derived from spherically symmetric Earth models. We make the comparisons for dominant tidal harmonics in three frequency bands: semidiurnal (M2), diurnal (O1) and fortnightly (Mf). Vector differences between predicted and observed ocean tidal loading (OTL) displacements are predominantly sub-mm in magnitude in all three frequency bands and spatial components across the network, with larger residuals of up to several mm in some coastal areas. Accounting for the effects of anelastic dispersion in the upper mantle using estimates of Q from standard Earth models reduces the residuals for the M2 harmonic by an average of 0.1–0.2 mm across the network and by more than 1 mm at some individual stations. For the relatively small Mf tide, the effects of anelastic dispersion (<0.03 mm) are undetectable within current measurement error. Incorporating a local ocean-tide model for the northeastern Pacific Ocean reduces the M2 vertical residuals by an average of 0.2 mm, with improvements of up to 5 mm at some coastal stations. Estimated RMS observational uncertainties in the vertical component for the M2 and O1 tides are approximately ±0.08 mm at the two-sigma level (±0.03 mm in the horizontal components), and ±0.21 mm for the Mf harmonic (±0.07 mm in the horizontal components). For the M2 harmonic, discrepancies between predicted and observed OTL displacements exceed observational uncertainties by about one order of magnitude. None of the ocean tide and Earth model combinations is found to reduce the M2 residuals below the observational uncertainty, and no single forward model provides a best fit to the observed displacements across all tidal harmonics and spatial components. For the O1 harmonic, discrepancies between predicted and observed displacements are generally several-fold larger than the observational uncertainties. For the Mf harmonic, the discrepancies are roughly within a factor of two of the observational uncertainties. We find that discrepancies between predicted and observed OTL displacements can be significantly reduced by removing a network-uniform tidal-harmonic displacement, and that the remaining discrepancies exhibit some regional-scale spatial coherency, particularly for the M2 harmonic. We suggest that the remaining discrepancies for the M2, O1 and Mf tides cannot be fully explained by measurement error and instead convey information about deficiencies in ocean-tide models and deviations from spherically symmetric Earth structure.
Effects of deposition conditions on the ferroelectric properties of (Al1−xScx)N thin films

The ferroelectricity of (Al1−xScx)N (x = 0–0.34) thin films with various thicknesses was investigated. (Al1−xScx)N films were prepared at 400 °C on (111)Pt/TiOx/SiO2/(001)Si substrates by the radio frequency dual-source reactive magnetron sputtering method using Al and Sc targets under pure N2 gas or a mixture of N2 and Ar gases. The film deposited under N2 gas showed larger remanent polarization than those under N2 + Ar mixture. Ferroelectricity was observed for films with x = 0.10–0.34 for about 140-nm-thick films deposited under N2 gas. The x = 0.22 films showed ferroelectricity down to 48 nm in thickness from the polarization–electric field curves and the positive-up-negative-down measurement. The ferroelectricity of the 9 nm-thick film also was ascertained from scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy measurement. These results reveal that ferroelectric polarization can switch for films with much broader compositions and thicknesses than those in the previous study.
Experimental verification of high-NA imaging simulations using SHARP

The next-generation high-NA EUV scanner is being developed to enable patterning beyond the 3-nm technology node. Design and development of the scanner are based on rigorous litho-simulations. It is important to verify key imaging simulation findings by means of aerial image experiments with representative high-NA scanner characteristics. The first ASML-SHARP joint experiment was done with lines and spaces with pitches down to 16 nm wafer scale (1x). The experimental results confirmed the key litho-simulation findings: central obscuration’s impact on high-NA imaging and mitigations of obscuration’s impact using flex illuminations.
Impact of bottom trawling on sediment biogeochemistry: a modelling approach

Abstract. Bottom trawling in shelf seas can occur more than 10 times per year for a given location. This affects the benthic metabolism, through a mortality of the macrofauna, resuspension of organic matter from the sediment, and alterations of the physical sediment structure. However, the trawling impacts on organic carbon mineralization and associated processes are not well known. Using a modelling approach, the effects of increasing trawling frequencies on early diagenesis were studied in five different sedimentary environments, simulating the effects of a deeper-penetrating gear (e.g. a tickler chain beam trawl) versus a shallower, more variable penetrating gear (e.g. an electric pulse trawl). Trawling events strongly increased oxygen and nitrate concentrations in surface sediment layers and led to significantly lower amounts of ammonium (43 %–99 % reduction) and organic carbon in the top 10 cm of the sediment (62 %–96 % reduction). As a result, total mineralization rates in the sediment were decreased by up to 28 %. The effect on different mineralization processes differed both between sediment types and between trawling frequencies. The shallow-penetrating gear had a slightly smaller effect on benthic denitrification than the deeper-penetrating gear, but there were no statistically different results between gear types for all other parameters. Denitrification was reduced by 69 % in a fine sandy sediment, whereas nitrogen removal nearly doubled in a highly eutrophic mud. This suggests that even relatively low penetration depths from bottom fishing gears generate significant biogeochemical alterations. Physical organic carbon removal through trawl-induced resuspension of sediments, exacerbated by a removal of bioturbating macrofauna, was identified as the main cause of the changes in the mineralization process.
Regulation of the Helicobacter pylori RpoN regulon by the flagellar protein export apparatus

Helicobacter pylori is a significant human pathogen that infects a large percentage of the worldwide population with infections potentially resulting in acute gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric carcinoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Many essential H. pylori colonization factors have been identified including flagellar motility. Flagellar biosynthesis requires over 40 proteins and all three sigma factors (RpoD, RpoN and FliA) in the cell. Transcription of the H. pylori RpoN regulon is controlled by the FlgS/FlgR two-component regulatory system which responds to undefined cellular cues. Previous studies showed that expression of the RpoNand FliAdependent flagellar genes is linked to a functional flagellar protein export apparatus. FlhB, a membrane-bound component of the export apparatus, has a large cytoplasmic domain (FlhBC) which is processed by a site-specific autocleavage. FlhBC processing accompanies a switch in substrate specificity of the export apparatus. To determine if processing of FlhB influenced flagellar gene expression, two mutations at the cleavage site in FlhB were constructed. Both substitutions inhibited autocleavage of FlhB as well as motility. The mutants were able to export rod-/hook-type substrates but not filament-type substrates. The FlhB variant strains expressed RpoNand FliA-dependent reporter genes at wild-type levels. Disruption of the hook length control protein FliK in the FlhB variant strains had different consequences for expression of the reporter genes suggesting that FliK has different effects on the export apparatus depending on the conformation of FlhB. Disruption of fliK in a ΔflhB mutant did not restore expression of RpoNdependent reporter genes indicating that failure to export FliK does not account for inhibition of the RpoN regulon in export apparatus mutants. FlhA, another membrane-bound component of the export apparatus, also has a large cytoplasmic domain. Specific flhA insertion mutations stimulated expression of RpoN-dependent reporter genes. These flhA mutants were deficient in motility and export of both rod-/hook-type and filament-type substrates confirming that the export apparatus is not required for export of an inhibitor of the RpoN regulon. Taken together, these results support a model in which FlgS directly or indirectly senses the conformation of the export apparatus. INDEX WORDS: Helicobacter pylori, flagella, regulation, flagellar export apparatus, FlhB, FliK, FlhA, RpoN REGULATION OF THE HELICOBACTER PYLORI RpoN REGULON BY THE FLAGELLAR PROTEIN EXPORT APPARATUS
Production of secondary metabolites through glycerol fermentation under carbon‐excess conditions by the yeasts Yarrowia lipolytica and Rhodosporidium toruloides

The biochemical behavior of the yeasts Rhodosporidium toruloides DSM 4444, Yarrowia lipolytica ACA YC 5029, and Y. lipolytica ACA YC 5030 was evaluated on waste glycerol-based media, added at increasing initial concentrations (50–140 g/L), with nitrogen remaining constant. During flask cultivation of Y. lipolytica ACA-YC 5030, and although medium pH remained >4.8, major metabolites were the polyols mannitol (CMl) and erythritol (CEr) (CMlmax = 32.1 g/L, conversion yield per glycerol consumed =0.23 g/g, and CErmax = 35.5 g/L, yield ≈0.25 g/g). For the strain ACA-YC 5029, equally in flasks and pH >4.8, the major metabolites were again mannitol and erythritol, with CMlmax = 28.9 g/L (conversion yield ≈0.21 g/g), and CErmax = 33.6 g/L (yield ≈0.24 g/g). In contrast, in batch-bioreactor experiment, the yeast ACA YC-5029 produced mainly citric acid (maximum concentration =39 g/L, yield on glycerol =0.42 g/g). R. toruloides DSM 4444 was flask-cultured at increasing initial glycerol quantities (up to ≈140 g/L) and displayed significant growth producing also satisfactory amounts of lipids. The maximum DCW concentration achieved was 39.1 g/L. Maximum lipids were 13.7 g/L (at that point lipid in DCW was 37.0% w/w). The major cellular fatty acid produced was oleic acid. Phospholipids of R. toruloides were the most unsaturated fraction among lipid fractions quantified. Practical applications: Industrial glycerol, the main by-product of biodiesel-producing facilities, appears in constantly increasing quantities in the market volume due to the worldwide rise of biodiesel production, rendering the valorization of this by-product as a very important scientific priority. In this report, the yeasts Y. lipolytica ACA YC 5029 and Y. lipolytica ACA YC 5030 were cultivated in submerged batch experiments with industrial glycerol as substrate under nitrogen limitation and appreciable quantities of mannitol and erythritol, compounds presenting significant importance for the food industries, were synthesized. The yeast R. toruloides DSM 4444, equally batch-cultured on glycerol under nitrogen limitation, produced appreciable quantities of biomass that contained high concentrations of microbial lipids, that could be transformed into “2nd generation” biodiesel. The current study, hence, provides viable possibilities of glycerol valorization through its use as substrate in order metabolic compounds of added-value to be synthesized. Crude glycerol, the principal “waste” stream deriving from biodiesel production process, is converted with the aid of microbial fermentations into secondary metabolites useful for the food- and biofuels-producing industries. The metabolic compounds synthesized are microbial lipids (single cell oils) amenable to be converted into 2nd generation biodiesel with fermentations led by a strain of the yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides and mannitol, erythritol and citric acid with fermentations led by strains of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica.