Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Strategic Belt and Road Initiative in the Light of Cultural Convergences and Divergences between Egypt and China: A Systematic Review

China unveiled a historical initiative named the “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI) launched in 2013, by the Chinese President “Xi Jinping” which will extend the Chinese influence to large regions of the world through a network of roads, ports and airports’ infrastructure projects. It represents China’s desire to revive the old Silk Road in order to reshape the world’s powers by the creation of a new balance in the International System. The MENA region is ranked as one of the highest areas in the era for Chinese investment. Egypt is considered as one of the top countries which will take part in this investment in the MENA region and Africa. The purpose of this study is to systematically review the Convergences and Divergences between Egypt and China from a cultural perspective using Hofstede and GLOBE Models and their impact on the strategic cooperation between both countries towards the Belt and Road Initiative and the impact of COVID-19 on this initiative. The methodology of this study is to review researches and studies conducted and published in the period from 2010 to 2019. More than 13 studies were identified for analysis and study. The study yields to three results in both Hofstede and GLOBE Models: 1) in LTO China scored higher than Egypt; 2) both China and Egypt were scored closer to collectivism; and 3) In PDI, China has scored higher than Egypt but not that much as the difference is only 10. However, in the GLOBE Model, the differences in PDI and IDV dimensions are not as great as in Hofstede Model.
Character investigation and homology, with a brief discussion on the phylogenetic relationships of Annelida and Polychaeta within Metazoa

The intense production of information demands coherent treatment of available bodies of theoretical knowledge. A critical revision of methods in use within research programs is essential to maintain an adequate ontology and to guarantee the particular epistemological position required by each research area. The theory of Phylogenetic Systematics was developed in multiple forms, resulting in hypotheses that may be widely incongruent. This reflects the crisis of present paradigm, and illustrates failures in present phylogenetic thinking. The aim of the study is to discuss characters and homology hypotheses based on Hennigian principles. We present samples from the most unresolved groups within the evolutionary history of the Metazoa: Annelida and Polychaeta. The main phylogenetic proposals appearing in the history of the Annelida, from morphological (living and fossilized organisms) to molecular approaches are discussed. We do not consider annelids and polychaetes to be monophyletic entities. Both taxa need more detailed comparisons with others groups, such as deuterostomes. According to our published opinions, Annelida and Polychaeta are placed at the base of the deuterostomes, and these worm-like organisms are ultimately the ancestors of the Enterocoela. Thus, in order to systematize the Metameria, we have regarded Annelida, Pleistoannelida, Lophotrochozoa and Protostomia as being paraphyletic taxa.
Sulfide‐dominated partial melting pathways in brachinites

Petrogenetic relationships among members of the brachinite family were established by analyzing major and trace element concentrations of minerals for 9 representative specimens: Al Huwaysah 010, Eagles Nest, Northwest Africa (NWA) 4882, NWA 5363, NWA 7297, NWA 7299, NWA 11756, Ramlat as Sahmah (RaS) 309, and Reid 013. The brachinite family, which includes brachinites and ungrouped achondrites with compositional and isotopic similarities to brachinites, comprises FeO‐rich, olivine‐dominated achondrites whose compositional and mineralogic variability is correlated with oxidation state. Most classical brachinites are derived from precursors that were more oxidized and sulfur‐rich than those of ungrouped “brachinite‐like” achondrites. This is manifest in the distinct Fe‐Ni‐S systems among brachinite family precursors, which were sulfide‐dominated for the most oxidized brachinites and metal‐dominated for the least oxidized brachinite‐like achondrites. Consequently, highly siderophile element behavior was controlled through melting and removal of their dominant host phase in the precursor, which was likely pentlandite in sulfide‐dominated systems and kamacite/taenite in metal‐dominated systems. Anomalous Ir/Os and Pt/Os ratios of oxidized brachinites may be attributed to selective complexing during melting of As‐rich pentlandite, consistent with our observations of impact‐melted sulfides in R chondrite NWA 11304, although further experimental work is needed to model this process. The apparent redox trend among the brachinite family is consistent with silicate FeO content and Fe/Mn ratios, which may be used as a proxy for determining the relative oxidation state of brachinite family members. Based on our analyses, we make several recommendations for reclassification of samples into a continuum of oxidized to reduced endmembers for the brachinite family. Along with a common range of Δ17O, this evidence is consistent with either formation on a common heterogeneous parent body, or at least from the same nebular reservoir, with variable O and S fugacities, resulting in mineralogically distinct igneous products for oxidized and reduced endmembers. Sulfur‐bearing, oxidized differentiation may extend to other bodies that formed at or beyond the snow line in the early solar system, and should be considered when interpreting observational data for asteroids in upcoming missions.
Extraction Optimization for Phlorotannin Recovery from the Edible Brown Seaweed Ecklonia Cava

ABSTRACT Phlorotannins, marine polyphenols from the brown seaweeds, are a promising biologically active substance. This study aimed to optimize the extraction conditions for phlorotannin recovery from the brown seaweed Ecklonia cava using response surface methodology. Ethanol concentration (X1, %), extraction temperature (X2, °C), and extraction time (X3, h) were chosen as independent variables. The dependent variables were total phlorotannin content (TPhC; Y1) and yield of phlorotannins (Y2). Estimated optimal conditions were as follows: TPhC (Y1): X1 = 95%, X2 = 80°C, X3 = 22.8 h, and yield of phlorotannins (Y2): X1 = 88.3%, X2 = 80°C, X3 = 24 h. Predicted values of dependent variables under each optimal condition were TPhC (Y1) = 570.2 mg phloroglucinol equivalents/g (mg PGE/g, dry basis) and yield of phlorotannins (Y2) = 7.8% and were similar to the experimental values. In addition, content of dieckol, which is known as an indicator of phlorotannin products, was measured. Dieckol contents of the phlorotannin extracts with the highest (565.7 mg PGE/g) and lowest (315.4 mg PGE/g) TPhC were 49.1 and 34.4 mg/g (dry basis), respectively.
Taxonomic review of the tree snail genus Amphidromus Albers, 1850 (Pulmonata: Camaenidae) in Laos, with the description of two new species

The land snail genus Amphidromus Albers, 1850 and its subgenus Syndromus Pilsbry, 1900 (family Camaenidae) in Laos are revised. Fourteen species from various habitats of deciduous forest and limestone areas throughout Laos are confirmed. The classification is revised and discussed, based on material examined from Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and Thailand and after comparison with the type specimens in many museums. Two new species, A. (Amphidromus) syndromoideus Inkhavilay & Panha sp. nov., from central Laos, and A. (Syndromus) xiengkhaungensis Inkhavilay & Panha sp. nov., from northern Laos, are described and discussed.
The prevalence of physical activity among MBBS students in a medical college in Kerala

Background: The healthy lifestyle of medical students could facilitate the formation of healthy physicians who is more likely to give effective preventive counseling to their patients. Therefore, there is compelling evidence that the health of doctors matters, and the doctors’ own physical activity practices influence their clinical attitudes towards physical activity. Aim and objectives: To assess the prevalence of physical activity and its determinants and also to find out the barriers of physical activity among MBBS students in a medical college in Kerala. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 180 undergraduate medical students. Data was obtained from students using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) by WHO and Metabolic Equivalents (METs) were used to express the intensity of physical activities. Results: Of the total 180 students, 128 (71.1%) were found as physically active, and 52 (28.9%) as physically inactive. Among the physically active students, 98 (54.44%) and 30 (16.66%) showed moderate and high levels of physical activity respectively. The mean MET minutes per week attained by the study population in recreational activities is more compared to work and transport. Conclusion: Of the 180 students, average MET scores attained by males and females in the 3 domains of physical activity showed significant difference highlighting the need to promote more activities among females.
Formation pathways of complex organic molecules: OH• projectile colliding with methanol ice mantle (CH3OH)10

In this article, we simulated the collisions of an OH• projectile impacting on a methanol cluster formed by ten units of methanol to mimic an ice mantle (CH3OH)10. The chemical processes occurring after the impact were studied through Born-Oppenheimer (ab-initio) molecular dynamics. We focus on collisions with initial kinetic impact energy of 10–22 eV, where the richest chemistry happens. We report the formation mechanisms of stable complex organic molecules (COMs) such as methoxymethanol CH3OCH2OH, formic acid HCOOH, formyl radical HCO, formaldehyde H2CO and its elusive HCOH isomer. We show that CH2(OH)2, •CH2OH or +CH2OH are key intermediates to generate H2CO and other COMs. We compare the outcomes using OH• with those using OH− projectiles. These processes are likely relevant to the production of COMs in astrophysical environments. We discuss its formation mechanism and the astrophysical implications of these chemical pathways in star-forming regions.
Health-related physical fitness levels of youths with visual impairment in Jordan

As fitness is an important component of quality of life, it is necessary to determine fitness levels among various population groups to be able to plan programs for their future fitness improvement. Previous research shows that individuals with visual impairments have lower levels of health-related physical fitness than people without visual impairment. In Jordan, research mainly focuses on youths without visual impairment, whereas no previous studies have been conducted on children with visual impairment and their physical fitness levels. This study aimed to explore health-related physical fitness levels of children with visual impairment in Jordan. A total of 107 children (65 boys and 42 girls) with visual impairment aged 11–15 years and 114 children without visual impairment were included in this study. All children were asked to perform the following assessment items: a one mile run/walk test to measure cardiovascular endurance, a handgrip strength to measure the maximum isometric strength of the hand and forearm muscles, push-up and curl-up tests to measure upper body and abdominal muscular endurance, respectively, sit-and-reach test to measure flexibility, and two-site skinfold measures to determine body composition. Children with visual impairment appeared to have low health-related physical fitness. For instance, the overall mean of push-ups was 4.06, while cardiovascular endurance was excluded from data analysis as only a few students (7) completed the test. No significant differences were found in any of the tested variables among the various age groups. Furthermore, boys showed statistically significant measurements in strength, curl-up, and push-up tests than girls. Children with visual impairment had significantly better score in only push-up test than children who were blind. In addition, except boys with visual impairment aged 15 years, all children with visual impairment failed FitnessGram, whereas sighted children passed all tests.
Genetic characterisation of non-descript cattle populations in communal areas of South Africa

Context Indigenous cattle breeds represent an important genetic resource for livelihood of communal-area inhabitants. Indigenous breeds have the ability to withstand harsh climatic conditions, can adapt genetically to poor-quality forages and are resistant to parasites and diseases. These unique traits possessed by indigenous breeds are under threat because of unrestrained crossing with exotic commercial breeds, and this can lead to total loss of a breed. Aims The study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of South African non-descript communal beef cattle populations by using 25 microsatellite markers. Methods Unrelated and non-descript animals (n = 150) were sampled from communal areas from five (5) provinces of South Africa, namely, Eastern Cape, KwaZulu–Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga and the North West, with 30 samples per breed taken. Six (6) known cattle breeds (n = 180) were used as a reference population. This included Angus, Afrikaner, Bonsmara, Brahman, Drakensberger and the Nguni, with 30 samples per breed. Key results High level of genetic diversity was found across the five non-descript populations, with an average heterozygosity of 75%. The Limpopo population was found to be the most diverse population, with the highest average number of alleles (8.5) and heterozygosity (ranging between observed heterozygosity of 70% and expected heterozygosity of 79%). STRUCTURE software assigned populations (2 ≤ K ≤ 20), with the most probable cluster being at K = 7. The Eastern Cape, KwaZulu–Natal and Limpopo populations had genetic material similar to those possessed by the Nguni and Bonsmara reference populations. Conclusions Results from the study showed that most genetic differentiation occurred within populations rather than among populations, and this might be due to the fact that there is no selection for or against any specific production trait expressed in the populations. Implications The obtained information will serve as a baseline for the development and implementation of sound breeding programs that will assist in controlling the gene flow, so as to lower the possible genetic dilution of the currently available genetic material.
Cytology of some grasses from Haryana and Shiwalik hills.

The present paper deals with the male meiosis of 17 species covered under 11 genera of the family Poaceae. Three species: Cynodon dactylon (n=8), Sporobolus diander (n=9) and S. helvolus (n=9) are the new cytotypes from world. Further, five species i.e., Avena fatua, A. sativa, C. dactylon, Lolium temulentum var. temulentum and Phalaris minor show anomalous meiotic behavior with the presence of cytomixis, chromatin bridges, laggards, secondary associations and interbivalent connections which lead to low pollen viability.
Detection of Tritrichomonas foetus in Bovine Semen by PCR Amplification

ii Acknowledgments. iv List of Tables . viii List of Illustrations . ix List of Abbreviations . x Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 3 2.1 History.3 2.2 Taxonomy . 3 2.3 Economics . 6 2.4 Prevalence . 8 2.5 Morphology.9 2.6 Pathogenesis in the Male . 12 2.7 Pathogenesis in the Female . 14 2.8 Treatment . 16 2.9 Vaccination . 17 2.10 Prevention . 18 2.11 Diagnosis . 20 2.12 Sampling Technique in the Male . 21
Perbandingan Efek Larvasida Minyak Atsiri Daun Cengkeh (Syzygium Aromaticum L.) Varietas Zanzibar Dengan Temephos Terhadap Larva Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti

Penggunaan temephos sebagai larvasida dalam pencegahan penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Indonesia sudah berlangsung selama 40 tahun. Penggunaan larvasida yang sangat lama ini memunculkan adanya resistensi terhadap temephos. Cengkeh, salah satu tanaman asli Indonesia mengandung eugenol yang bersifat racun pada tubuh serangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti efektifitas minyak atsiri daun cengkeh Zanzibar dibandingkan dengan temephos dalam membunuh larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian ekperimental laboratorik. Sampel yang digunakan adalah larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti instar III. Larva nyamuk dikelompokan kedalam 6 kelompok, masing- masing diberikan minyak atsiri daun cengkeh dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda-beda. Selanjutnya akan diamati jumlah larva setelah 24 jam. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November 2016 di Laboratorium Parasitologi Universitas Padjadajaran. Berdasarkan uji stastistik didapatkan nilai p = 0,00 (p l 0,05) hal ini menandakan terdapat perbedaan rata-rata kematian pada kelompok uji, dan analisa post hoc menunjukan pada kelompok uji dengan 100 ppm minyak atsiri tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dengan temephos.Dari penitian ini didapatkan minyak atsiri daun cengkeh varietas Zanzibar memiliki efektifitas larvasida yang sama dengan temephos dalam membunuh larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti.
P. [V27i; E114g] Compound Heterozygous State in Gjb2 Gene Could Be an Indicator of the Severity of Congenital Hearing Loss

Hearing loss (HL) is the most common sensory disorder, affecting all age groups, ethnicities, and genders. Several genes responsible for hearing loss are related to ion recycling and homeostasis in the inner ear. Mutations in GJB2 gene, the gene encoding gap junction protein connexin26 (Cx26), are most common detected in patients with congenital, recessively inherited, nonsyndromic HL in humans. In order to investigate the molecular etiology of patients with congenital, recessively inherited, and nonsyndromic HL and healthy individuals as control in a family, they were included in this study. Thus, exons of GJB2 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. In this family, V27I missense mutation and V27I + E114G compound heterozygosity were detected in the results of sequence analysis. The V27I mutation was found in patient with severe HL and healthy individuals. The V27I + E114G compound heterozygosity was detected only in deaf patients. Based on our data, V27I mutations could be considered as a polymorphism not leading to HL. Since V27I + E114G compound heterozygosity was found only in deaf patients, it could be considered as a contributor of HL severity.
Viral Hepatitis B and C Detection among Ebola Survivors and Health Care Workers in Makeni, Sierra Leone

Viral hepatitis B and C infections are among the leading cause of death in Sub-Saharan Africa. Lack of knowledge and awareness in the general population as in health care settings may enhance the propagation of these diseases. We aimed at determining the prevalence of HBV and HCV in Ebola survivors and health care workers (HCWs) of the Makeni town in Sierra Leone. We conducted a cross-sectional study during the last 2013-2016 Ebola outbreak in Makeni among Ebola survivors (N = 68) and 81 Health care workers from Holy Spirit hospital and Loreto clinic, two health care facilities in Makeni district. Serological markers of HBV (HBs Ag, anti-HBs Ab and anti-HBc Ab) and anti-HCV antibodies detection were done using ELISA techniques. The positive detection rates for HBs Ag, anti-HBs Ab and anti-HBc antibodies in Ebola survivors were 23.53% (16/68), 32.35% (22/68) and 88.89% (16/18) respectively. Survivors with a current HBV infection had a positive rate of 38.89% (7/18) and 16.66% (3/18) of them were considered immune due to past HBV infection. HCV prevalence was 26.47% (18/68) and about 10.29% (7/68) were HBV/HCV co-infected. The positive detection rates of HBsAg, anti-HBs Ab and anti-HBc Ab were 37.07% (30/81), 33.33% (27/81) and 30.86% (25/81) respectively in health care workers. We observed that 4.94% (4/81) of the HCWs were currently infected with HBV. Participants considered as immune due to past infection represented 23.47% (19/81) and those immune due to vaccination represented 2.47% (2/81). The prevalence of HCV infection among health staff was 2.47% (2/81) with 1.23% (1/81) being HBV/HCV co-infection. Our findings showed that viral hepatitis infection is a burden for Sierra Leone government. There is an urgent need to develop and implement strategies that could improve population immunization against HBV and vulgarization of HCV treatment programs.
Organisational leadership style, network structure, and knowledge performance in online knowledge community organisations

ABSTRACT Based on an agent model combined with complex network analysis, this paper investigates the effects of different leadership styles and network structures on organisational learning in online work knowledge community (OWKC). The paper further examines other factors related to the relationship between leadership style and organisational learning, such as environmental change and personnel turnover in OWKC. The results show that the leadership style of differential leader-member exchange (DLMX)) produces higher online community knowledge performance (OCKP) than the leadership style of uniform leader-member exchange (ULMX) in small-world networks, while ULMX outperforms DLMX in scale-free networks. However, with environmental change and in the presence of personnel turnover, ULMX performs better in small-world networks.
Performance of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties to Seed Rate and Nipping in Arid Irrigated Western Plain Zone

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is also known as "Gram" or "Bengal gram". It is the most important pulse crop in India. Chickpea belongs to family Leguminosae and originated from north-west India. Chickpea seeds contain about 18-22% protein, 4-10% fat and 52-70% carbohydrate and traditionally consumed after processing into various products. Maharashtra is on the second rank for area 15.41 lakh ha (17.26%) and third for production 11.98 lakh tones (14.32%). Whereas, Rajasthan has the second rank in production (14.47%) and third in the area (15.37%).
Effect of culture system on the prevalence of parasites of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamark, 1819)

Στην παραγωγή του Μeσογeιακού μυδιού Mytilus galloprovincialis, τα δύο συστήματα καλλιέργeιας που eφαρμόζονται στην Eλλάδα, eίναι οι πλωτές eγκαταστάσeις (‘long-lines’) και οι πασσαλωτές eγκαταστάσeις (‘on tables’). Στην παρούσα μeλέτη, eξeτάστηκe η eπίδραση του συστήματος καλλιέργeιας στο ποσοστό των μυδιών που παρασιτούνται από διάφορα παράσιτα. Για τον σκοπό αυτό, eπιλέχτηκαν τρeις πeριοχές στο Θeρμαϊκό κόλπο, μe παρόμοια χαρακτηριστικά και στις οποίeς eφαρμόζονται και τα δύο συστήματα καλλιέργeιας. Πραγματοποιήθηκαν δύο δeιγματοληψίeς, τον Ιούλιο και τον Οκτώβριο 2008. Από κάθe πeριοχή, συλλέχθηκαν 30 μύδια ανά σύστημα καλλιέργeιας και από κάθe μύδι λήφθηκαν δeίγματα ιστών για ιστολογική eξέταση από το σπλαχνικό σάκο, τα βράγχια και το μανδύα, προκeίμeνου να διαπιστωθeί η παρουσία παρασίτων. Ο αριθμός των μυδιών που παρασιτούνταν από τουλάχιστον ένα eίδος παρασίτου ήταν σημαντικά αυξημένος σe μύδια που καλλιeργούνταν μe το πασσαλωτό σύστημα. Πιο συγκeκριμένα, το ποσοστό των μυδιών που παρασιτούνταν από τα παράσιτα Urastoma cyprinae και Marteilia spp. ήταν σημαντικά αυξημένο στα μύδια που καλλιeργούνταν μe το πασσαλωτό σύστημα, eνώ δeν υπήρχe σχέση μeταξύ του συστήματος καλλιέργeιας και του ποσοστού παρασίτωσης από Eugymnanthea inquilina. Το ποσοστό παρασίτωσης από τα παράσιτα Myticola intestinalis, Steinhaus mytilovum και Proctoeces maculatus ήταν πολύ χαμηλό και στα δύο συστήματα καλλιέργeιας. Eπιπλέον, και στα δύο συστήματα καλλιέργeιας, το ποσοστό των μυδιών που παρασιτούνταν από τα παράσιτα E. inquilina και U. cyprinae αυξήθηκe σημαντικά τον Οκτώβριο, eνώ η αντίθeτη τάση παρατηρήθηκe για το παράσιτο Marteilia spp.