Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Foreign aid distorting effects: an empirical assessment for Sub-Saharan Africa

espanolLa region de Africa Subsahariana (ASS) es clave para el exito de la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible. Sobre la base de las diferencias de las distintas modalidades de ayuda, analizamos el efecto generado por la Ayuda Oficial al Desarrollo (AOD) sobre el ritmo de crecimiento y la reduccion de la pobreza en ASS en el periodo 1991-2014. Para ello construimos un modelo analistico sobre los efectos distorsionadores de la ayuda, cuya estimacion proporciona cuatro resultados relevantes: i) la ayuda externa ejerce tanto efectos estimulantes como distorsionadores sobre el crecimiento, pero los primeros compensan los segundos; ii) un aumento en ambas modalidades de ayuda y una reasignacion entre donaciones y prestamos podria inducir un mayor crecimiento; iii) sin embargo, dicha reasignacion solo seria positiva en paises con niveles sostenibles de endeudamiento; y iv) aunque la ayuda es eficaz a nivel agregado, no contribuyo significativamente a aumentar el ingreso medio corregido por la desigualdad, lo que revela una grave carencia distributiva. EnglishSub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is a key region for the success of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. However, there is no consensus about the contribution of Official Development Assistance (ODA) in the promotion of economic growth and the reduction of extreme poverty in this region. We therefore build an analytical framework of the distorting effects of foreign aid, and make the subsequent estimations during the period 1991–2014 for SSA. We find four main results: i) ODA to SSA has exerted both distorting and stimulating effects on growth but the latter effects were larger than the former; ii) increasing both aid grants and aid loans, and increasing the ratio of loans to grants, may induce higher growth; iii) however, such a reallocation may only be positive in countries with sustainable debt burdens; and iv) although ODA was effective in aggregate terms, it did not significantly boost the mean income corrected from inequality, which reveals a grave distributional deficiency
What has changed in the macroalgal communities of the Portuguese coast over a 6-year period?

The continental Portuguese coast stretches around 900 Km with a latitudinal difference of 4 ̊. Despite the relatively short spatial scale, the strong physical gradient of these area produces a transition zone where species from boreal and LusitanianMediterranean origin coexist. Anthropogenic climate change, particularly seawater warming, is expected to drive quick shifts in marine species distribution transforming coastal biodiversity scenarios. These shifts in distribution will be particularly noticeable in transitional areas where warm and cold-waters affinity species cohabit. In Portugal, recent research suggests that marine coastal species are shifting their distribution limits north or southward as a result of rising seawater temperatures. These structural shifts in species distributional ranges have also functional consequences in the ecosystem. Taking advantage of data collected in 2012 of subtidal macroalgae communities along the Portuguese coast, a new sampling program of the same regions (Viana do Castelo-Esposende, Peniche and Sines) was carried out in the summer of 2018 to assess recent changes. Our findings suggest that macroalgae communities have undergone major changes within a few years. The results revealed significant structural and functional changes in the last six years, with regional increases of species richness, diversity and biomass. In addition, the “tropicalization” and homogenization of subtidal macroalgal assemblages along of the Portuguese coast are strong pieces of evidences of impacts from anthropogenic climate change.
Factors predicting the risk of intra-abdominal sepsis and burst abdomen in patients with abdominal trauma undergoing laparotomy

AIM: This study aims to study the factors which predict the risk of intra-abdominal sepsis (IAS) and burst abdomen in patients with abdominal trauma undergoing laparotomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five patients with abdominal trauma undergoing laparotomy were evaluated in pre-, intra-, post-operative period for factors such as injury severity score (ISS), abdominal trauma index (ATI), operative severity score (OSS), and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). The correlation was found among these factors and risk of IAS and burst abdomen following laparotomy. RESULTS: Mean ATI, ISS, and OSS in IAS present and absent group were (35 ± 10 and 21 ± 7), (47 ± 16 and 22 ± 9), and (30 ± 6 and 18 ± 6), respectively. Mean ATI, ISS, and OSS in burst abdomen present and absent group were (35 ± 10 and 22 ± 8), (43 ± 14 and 23 ± 12), and (30 ± 6 and 19 ± 6) respectively. Mean IAP on D0, D1, and D2 in IAS present and absent group were (23 ± 7 mmHg and 16 ± 3 mmHg), (14 ± 4 mmHg and 7 ± 3 mmHg), and (11 ± 5 mmHg and 5 ± 2 mmHg), respectively. Mean IAP on D0, D1, and D2 in burst abdomen present and absent group were (23 ± 7 mmHg and 16 ± 3 mmHg), (13 ± 4 mmHg and 7 ± 4 mmHg), and (11 ± 5 mmHg and 5 ± 2 mmHg), respectively. Out of the 15 patients who had IAS, 13 also had burst abdomen. Significant correlation was found between ATI, ISS, and OSS with IAS and burst abdomen, and between IAS and burst abdomen. CONCLUSIONS: Higher scores of ATI, ISS, OSS, and IAP are associated with higher chance of developing IAS and burst abdomen in the postoperative period. The presence of one complication in the postoperative period increases the risk for the other. Therefore, we can have risk-based approach in managing the patients having above-mentioned risk factors.
Ortaokul 8. Sınıf Öğrencilerine Geogebra Matematik Yazılımı ile Dönüşüm Geometrisi Konusunun Öğretimi

Bu calismanin amaci Geogebra ile ogretimin sekizinci sinif ogrencilerinin donusum geometrisindeki basarisina etkisini incelemektir. Calisma on test-son test kontrol gruplu deneysel yontemle yurutulmustur. Calismada yer alan katilimcilar 2016-2017 egitim ogretim yilinda Mus ili merkezinde bir ortaokula devam eden deney grubunda 20 ve kontrol grubunda 22 olmak uzere toplam 42 ogrenciden olusmaktadir. Calismada veri toplama araci olarak 9 soruluk bir basari testi kullanilmistir. Toplamda yedi ders saatinde gerceklestirilen ogretimin oncesi ve sonrasinda donusum geometrisi basari testi ile veriler toplanmistir. Elde edilen verilerin t testi analiz sonucu, deney ve kontrol gruplarinin basarilari arasinda deney grubu lehine anlamli bir fark ortaya ciktigi gostermistir. Calisma elde edilen bulgular GeoGebra ile donusum geometrisi konusun ogretiminin ogrenci basarisini arttirdigini dogrulamaktadir.
Dynamics of the pedestal transport during edge localized mode cycles at ASDEX Upgrade

The dynamic behaviour of the ion and electron energy, particle and momentum transport measured during type-I edge localized mode (ELM) cycles at ASDEX Upgrade is presented. Fast measurements of the ion and electron temperature profiles revelead that the ion and electron energy transport recover on different timescales, with the electrons recovering on a slower timescale (Cavedon et al 2017 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 59 105007). The dominant mechanism for the additional energy transport in the electron channel that could cause the delay in the electron temperature gradient ( ∇ T e ) recovery is attributed to the depletion of energy caused by the ELM. The local sources and sinks for the electron channel in the steep gradient region are much smaller compared to the energy flux arriving from the pedestal top, indicating that the core plasma may dictate the local dynamics of the ∇ T e recovery during the ELM cycle. A model for the edge momentum transport based on toroidal torque balance that takes into account the existence of poloidal impurity asymmetries has been developed. The analysis of the profile evolution during the ELM cycle shows that the model captures the dynamics of the rotation both before the ELM crash and during the recovery phase.
A Review of Genetic Understanding and Amelioration of Edible Allium Species

ABSTRACT Alliums are widely consumed as food and medicine but modestly understood for their genetic constitution and design. Huge, complex and repetitive genomes, biennial life cycle, strong inbreeding depression and apomixes have thwarted development of optimal genotypes, especially in the third world. However, genetic diversity assessment, marker-assisted breeding, introgression of some vital genes, doubled haploid production, induction of fertility in apomicts, organellar transcriptome sequences, gene annotation and genetic engineering have been achieved to certain extent and continue to develop further. In this review, current achievements in these areas of research for enhancing yield, processing quality, therapeutic value, storage and biotic stress resistance in important edible Allium species have been compiled.
The characteristics of thorny bamboo (Bambusa blumeana) for dissolving pulp

This study was aimed to examine the raw material characteristics of thorny bamboo (Bambusa blumeana) from two different origins. Thorny bamboo is one of the raw material for dissolving pulp (rayon pulp). The origins of the bamboos were Agam Regency (West Sumatra Province) (TB1) and Perawang City of Siak Regency (Riau Province) (TB2) that represented highland and lowland, respectively. Bamboos from the two origins were analyzed for their raw material characteristics consisted of growth, chemical contents, fiber dimension and dissolving pulp. The pulping process was carried out in steps as followed: prehydrolyzed, kraft pulping and pulp bleaching. The pre-hydrolysis techniques used acetic acid solution. The kraft condition was active alkali 25% and sulfidity 32%. Meanwhile, the bleaching was conducted in 4 stages. The analysis was done descriptively. Dissolving pulp requires high purity level of alpha-cellulose that would be attained by dissolving other components from the system. The results showed alpha-cellulose of thorny bamboo from Agam (TB1) and Perawang (TB2) were 51.28% and 36.90%, respectively. However, the fiber of TB2 was longer than that of TB1 that 3.22 and 2.62 mm, respectively. The yields pulp kraft of thorny bamboo TB1 and TB2 were 35.25% and 36.28%, respectively. The alpha-cellulose of the thorny bamboo met the standard for dissolving pulp but not the mineral and acid insoluble ash content.
Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is prospective biomarker to evaluate treatment progress in children with pulmonary tuberculosis during maintenance phase

Aims: Childhood pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is still a major problem in developing countries. One of the difficulty in TB management is lack of biomarkers to evaluate treatment response.This study aimed to investigate the role of plasma soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) as a biomarker to evaluate response to anti tuberculosis treatment in children with pulmonary TB. Methods: Twenty five children aged 2–10 years with pulmonary TB in Dr Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang from February 2012 to January 2013 were enrolled into the study. The plasma suPAR level was measured using ELISA prior to anti-tuberculosis treatment and two, four, six months after treatment initiation. Clinical parameters were observed including coughs, lymphadenitis, nutritional status and X-ray. Ten healthy children served as a control group. Results: All TB patients showed Mardining Raras Tri Yudani1, Marrecar Aunilla Hamid2, Muhammad Slamet Chandra Kusuma3, Ery Olivianto4 Affiliations: 1Dr.rer. nat, Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; 2MD, Master Program on Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; 3Professor, Dr, MD, Professor, Pediatric Department, Dr Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia; 3MD, Pediatrican, Pediatric Department Dr Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia. Corresponding Author: Mardining Raras Tri Yudani, Dr.rer. nat, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia, 45615; Email: rarastriyudani@gmail.com Received: 31 January 2017 Accepted: 23 March 2017 Published: 29 April 2017 high plasma suPAR levels prior to anti TB treatment (4.77 +1.51 ng/mL) and did not change (p = 0.0001>0.05) after two months (4.89+1.61 ng/mL) of treatment. However, it decreased significantly after four months (2.51+1.81 ng/ mL) and six months of treatment (0.27+0.64 ng/ mL). By the end of therapy the level of suPAR reached a value that was lower than control group (1.58+0.09 ng/mL). The reduce of suPAR level was not parallel to clinical improvement after two months treatment. Conclusion: the suPAR level is elevated in childhood pulmonary TB and significantly decreased after four months of anti tuberculosis treatment. This imply that suPAR is not appropriate biomarker to evaluate TB treatment response in childhood TB after intensive phase of therapy. However, it is a prospective biomarker to monitor the efficacy of therapy in the maintenance phase after two months therapy.
Investigation of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met Polymorphism in Chronic Schizophrenia Diagnosed Individuals in Manisa

In our study, we aimed to investigate the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism in individuals with chronic schizophrenia inManisa. The study was conducted with 100 healthy individuals who were diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia and 100 healthy controls that did not haveany psychiatric disorders in their family. The patient group was composed of individuals who were treated in Manisa Psychiatric Diseases Hospital anddiagnosed with chronic schizophrenia. DNA isolation for each individual in the sample group followed by high or low activity allele associated with theVal158Met polymorphism in the COMT gene was determined using the PCR-RFLP method. 64% of individuals were male; 36% were female. When thegenotypes of individuals in the patient group were evaluated without regard to gender, it was seen that 44% were from LL genotypes, 10% from HHgenotypes and 46% from HL genotypes. Allele frequencies calculated in Hardy Weinberg Equation. As a result of the patient group, the Val allelefrequency (high active frequency) was detected 33%, the Met allele frequency (low active frequency) was detected 67%; although the control group hada 67% frequency of the Val allele and 33% of the Met allele frequency. According to the genotype findings, the cross-tabulation and Chi-square test resultswere found to be the effect of COMT Gene Val158Met polymorphism on schizophrenia when p = 0.000 for HH and LL alleles. Our results are originallygiven as regional first in Manisa.
PENGARUH PENDEKATAN KONSTRUKTIVISME TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPA DI KELAS V SDN KOTA PADANG

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan pendekatan onstruktivisme terhadap hasil belajar IPA di kelas V SD Kota Padang. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD Kota Padang dengan teknik penentuan sampel secara jenuh, yaitu pengambilan anggota sampel dari populasi dilakukan secara acak tanpa memperhatikan strata yang ada dalam populasi, kelas A sebagai kelas eksperimen menggunakan pendekatan konstruktivisme, dan kelas B sebagai kelas control menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional, dengan rancangan penelitian posttest only control design. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan tes hasil belajar berupa soal objektif sebanyak 16 butir soal, data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji t. berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terlihat bahwa dan dan taraf signifikan 5%. Berdasarkan pengujian maka hipotesis atau H1 diterima. Dari hasil penelitian terbukti bahwa penggunaan pendekatan konstruktivisme memberikan pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar IPA di kelas V SD Kota Padang Tahun ajaran 2017/2018.Kata Kunci: Pengaruh, Pendekatan Konstruktivisme, Hasil Belajar IPA Abstrac: This study aims to determine the effect of using constructivism approach to science learning outcomes in class V SDN 33 Kalumbuk Padang City. The population of this research is the students of grade V SDN 33 Kalumbuk Padang with sample determination technique is saturated sample, that is taking of sample member from the population is done randomly without considering the strata that exist in population, class A as experiment class using constructivism approach and class B as control using conventional learning, with a post-test only control design study design. Data collection in this research is using test result of learning in the form of objective matter as much as 16 items, the data obtained is analyzed by using test. Based on the result of this research show that and and significant level 5%. Based on the then hypothesis or H1 accepted. From the result of research proved that the use of contructivism approach gives effect to science learning outcomes in class V SDN 33 Kalumbuk City of Padang academic year 2017/2018Keywords: Influence, Contructivism Approach, Learning Result of Science .
Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of epithelial and mesenchymal tumors of psittacines

This study describes histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of 50 epithelial and mesenchymal tumors of psittacines that were found in the archives of the pathology departments of veterinary faculties at Utrecht University and Istanbul University Cerrahpasa. In each case, cellular morphological features, tumoral pattern and mitotic activity were evaluated histologically, and immunohistochemistry was performed by the streptavidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method using a panel of commercially available antibodies raised against pan-cytokeratin, vimentin, muscle-specific actin, desmin, smooth muscle actin and Factor VIII/von Willebrand Factor. The histological evaluation revealed that 30 epithelial tumors were squamous cell carcinoma (n: 20), renal adenocarcinoma (n: 3), basal cell carcinoma (n: 2), abdominal carcinoma (n: 2), uropygial gland carcinoma (n: 1), cloacal carcinoma (n: 1) and cholangiocarcinoma (n: 1). Out of the 50 tumors, 13 had a mesenchymal origin and were diagnosed as fibrosarcoma (n: 4), hemangioma (n: 3), hemangiosarcoma (n: 4) and leiomyosarcoma (n: 2). Histological diagnosis could not be made for 7 tumors, and they were evaluated as undifferentiated malignant tumors (UDMT). Two tumors diagnosed as fibrosarcoma and three tumors diagnosed as UDMT showed strong SMA staining and were re-diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma. In view of the IHC findings, two other UDMTs were re-diagnosed as fibrosarcoma and anaplastic carcinoma. Although only a limited number of antibodies were used in the control panel, they were useful in establishing a definite diagnosis in some cases
An auxin transport network underlies xylem bridge formation between the hemi-parasitic plant Phtheirospermum japonicum and host Arabidopsis

ABSTRACT Parasitic plants form vascular connections with host plants for efficient material transport. The haustorium is the responsible organ for host invasion and subsequent vascular connection. After invasion of host tissues, vascular meristem-like cells emerge in the central region of the haustorium, differentiate into tracheary elements and establish a connection, known as a xylem bridge, between parasite and host xylem systems. Despite the importance of this parasitic connection, the regulatory mechanisms of xylem bridge formation are unknown. Here, we show the role of auxin and auxin transporters during the process of xylem bridge formation using an Orobanchaceae hemiparasitic plant, Phtheirospermum japonicum. The auxin response marker DR5 has a similar expression pattern to tracheary element differentiation genes in haustoria. Auxin transport inhibitors alter tracheary element differentiation in haustoria, but biosynthesis inhibitors do not, demonstrating the importance of auxin transport during xylem bridge formation. The expression patterns and subcellular localization of PIN family auxin efflux carriers and AUX1/LAX influx carriers correlate with DR5 expression patterns. The cooperative action of auxin transporters is therefore responsible for controlling xylem vessel connections between parasite and host. Highlighted Article: Investigating the auxin response at later stages of haustorium formation provides the first molecular insights into tracheary element differentiation that lead to xylem bridge formation during plant parasitism.
Numerical Analysis on Velocity and Temperature of the Fluid in a Blast Furnace Main Trough

The main trough is a part of the blast furnace process for hot metal and molten slag transportation from the tap hole to the torpedo, and mechanical erosion of the trough is an important reason for a short life of a campaign. This article employed OpenFoam code to numerically study and analyze velocity, temperature and wall shear stress of the fluids in the main trough during a full tapping process. In the code, a three-dimensional transient mass, momentum and energy conservation equations, including the standard k-ε turbulence model, were developed for the fluid in the trough. Temperature distribution in refractory is solved by the Fourier equation through conjugate heat transfer with the fluid in the trough. Change velocities of the fluid during the full tapping process are exactly described by a parabolic equation. The investigation results show that there are strong turbulences at the area of hot metal’s falling position and the turbulences have influence on velocity, temperature and wall shear stress of the fluid. With the increase of the angle of the tap hole, the wall shear stress increases. Mechanical erosion of the trough has the smallest value and the campaign of the main trough is estimated to expand over 5 days at the tap hole angle of 7°.
Electroencephalogram and first episode afebrile seizure in children

Electroencephalogram has long been an integral part of evaluation of a child with first episode of afebrile seizure. Several studies have backed up its routine use in pediatric neurology till date and management guidelines also have adopted it. But as evidences are accumulating, it has been shown that some researchers are opining against its routine use due to reasons like need for sedation in uncooperative smaller children, inter-observer variability, abnormal tracings found in normal children, normal tracings observed in epileptic children etc. In this article authors have tried to discuss evidences showing different aspects of the debates in support and against the use of electroencephalogram in first afebrile seizure episode in children.
Study of risk factors and clinical assessment of lower limb varicose vein in a tertiary care hospital

In the more developed countries where attire reveals more than it conceals, patient turn up in sizeable numbers for treatment of cosmetics reasons. In our country patients are hospitalized more for the complications of the disease than for the cosmetic purpose. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the risk factors rand various clinical aspects of varicose veins of lower extremities of the patients.
Timing of antenatal care and ART initiation in HIV-infected pregnant women before and after introduction of NIMART

In this review of routinely collected data from five community health centres in the Johannesburg Health District, we assess timing of antenatal care and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in HIV-infected pregnant women before and after the introduction of nurse-initiated management of ART in antenatal clinics. There are important lessons to be learnt as we reflect on the South African prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV programme.