Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EIT for tactile sensing:considerations regarding the injection-measurement pattern

Bipolar current injection and voltage measurement (I–M) patterns are frequently used in electrical impedance tomography (EIT) for tactile sensing. In this work, the total set of 36 unique combinations for 16-electrode systems is investigated using simulations. Performance is evaluated on a circular sensor as a function of hyperparameter and target position with respect to critical performance measures for tactile sensing; these include not only peak amplitude and resolution, but also susceptibility to noise and, importantly, the uniformity of performance over the sensor area. The determination of which pattern to employ can therefore be based on the needs of the particular application. The relative performance of the I–M patterns is determined at small hyperparameters by electrode placement symmetry, but at large hyperparameters by sensitivity at the center of the sensor. Patterns with high spatial symmetry should be avoided; these include electrode pairs on opposite sides of the sensor. Patterns with electrodes in adjacent positions, which have been the norm for tactile sensing, should also not generally be used. If performance on all metrics across a wide range of hyperparameters is needed, then placing both the injection and measurement electrodes 3 spaces apart (the 3–3 pattern) can be a good strategy for the Gauss-Newton 1-step algorithm with the Laplacian prior. The use of 13 electrodes instead of 16 is also examined. The absence of symmetry provides greater flexibility in the choice of I–M pattern, and the loss in performance may be small; furthermore, the reduction in data collection time may be advantageous. Beyond avoiding the worst I–M patterns, the most important measure to take is decreasing noise on the signal to permit the use of a smaller hyperparameter; this is of greater importance than selecting from among the remaining I–M patterns.
High-resolution spectra of comet C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)

Context. High-resolution spectra of comets permit deriving the physical properties of the coma. In the optical range, relative production rates can be computed, and information about isotopic ratios and the origin of oxygen atoms can be obtained. Aims. The main objective of the work presented here was to obtain information about the chemical composition of comet C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy), a bright and long-period comet that passed perihelion (0.81 au) on 22 December 2013. Methods. We used the HARPS-North echelle spectrograph at the 3.5 m telescope TNG to obtain high-resolution spectra of comet C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy) in the optical range immediately after its perihelion passage during four consecutive nights in the period December 23 to 26, 2013. Results. Our results demonstrate the ability of HARPS-North to efficiently obtain cometary spectra. Very faint emission lines, such as those of 15 NH2, have been detected, leading to a rough estimate of the 14 N/ 15 N ratio in NH2. The 12 C/ 13 C ratio was measured in the C2 lines and is equal to 80±30. The oxygen lines were studied as well (green to red line intensity ratios and widths), confirming that H2O is the main parent molecule that photodissociates to produce oxygen atoms. This suggests that this comet has a high CO2 abundance. Relative production rates for C2 and NH2 were computed, but we found no significant deviation from a typical NH2/C2 ratio.
What is the complexity of ill-posed problems?

This paper deals with the optimal solution of ill-posed linear problems, i.e.linear problems for which the solution operator is unbounded. We consider worst-case ar,and averagecase settings. Our main result is that algorithms having finite error (for a given setting) exist if and only if the solution operator is bounded (in that setting). In the worst-case setting, this means that there is no algorithm for solving ill-posed problems having finite error. In the average-case setting, this means that algorithms having finite error exist if and only lf the solution operator is bounded on the average. If the solution operator is bounded on the average, we find average-case optimal information of cardinality n and optimal algorithms using this information, and show that the average error of these algorithms tends to zero as n→∞. These results are then used to determine the [euro]-complexity, i.e., the minimal costof finding an [euro]-accurate approximation. In the worst-case setting, the [euro]comp1exity of an.
City regions and decent work: Politics, pluralism and policy making in Greater Manchester

Despite a growing body of literature examining the politics of city-regionalism, the question of how local actors engage with, and challenge each other in the subnational regulatory space requires greater attention if we are to develop a more comprehensive understanding of supposedly pluralist approaches to policy making. This paper critically evaluates policy innovations in Greater Manchester (GM) that seek to steer the behaviour of economic actors towards a mutually reinforcing model of decent work and social inclusion. We argue that underneath the expansive political agenda of the GM metro mayor, what has emerged so far is a relatively shallow form of consensus-based neo-pluralism that allows for elite consultation over issues of inclusive growth and responsible business rather than more radically redistributive or participatory policies. The implications for our understanding of the changing and often contradictory role of the state in shaping subnational regulation and governance are discussed.
LEISURE, SAFETY, AND SUSTAINABILITY ON POST-PANDEMIC TOURISM: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Tourism is one of the most affected industries by the COVID-19 pandemic. Globally, in less than 6 months after the outbreak of the epidemic, this sector experienced a decline of up to 74%--as it set back to 1990s. However, many tourism-related studies include the keyword or even the title 'post-pandemic' which implies a nuance of optimism for the tourism sector. Using a systematic literature review (SLR), this article explores studies that include keywords and topics 'post-pandemic' in global and Indonesian contexts. Three main points were found: First, there is a global fact that local scale tourism is more sustainable than regional and international tourism. Second, behind the losses due to the decline in income during the pandemic, there is a hidden benefit in the form of restoring natural resources that have been damaged by tourism activities. Third, the emergence of a more systematic mapping of tourist preferences in determining tourist destinations and activities, which is more oriented towards safety, health, and strengthening social relationships with family and colleagues rather than excitement and offering lower cost discounts. The article also found that most post-pandemic tourism recommendations tend to be non-operational due to their failure to provide an operational definition of what the meaning of 'post-pandemic'. Pariwisata merupakan salah satu industri yang paling terdampak akibat pandemi Covid-19. Secara global, dalam waktu kurang dari 6 bulan setelah mewabahnya epidemi, sektor ini mengalami penurunan hingga 74%--kembali ke volume tahun 1990. Namun, banyak penelitian terkait pariwisata memasukkan kata kunci atau bahkan judul 'pasca pandemi' yang menyiratkan nuansa optimisme terhadap sektor ini untuk bangkit. Dengan menggunakan sistematika literature review (SLR), artikel ini mengeksplorasi kajian yang memasukkan kata kunci dan topik 'pasca-pandemi' dalam konteks global dan Indonesia. Tiga poin utama ditemukan: Pertama, adanya fakta global bahwa pariwisata skala lokal lebih berkelanjutan daripada pariwisata regional dan internasional. Kedua, di balik kerugian akibat penurunan pendapatan selama pandemi, terdapat keuntungan tersembunyi berupa pemulihan sumber daya alam yang telah rusak akibat kegiatan pariwisata. Ketiga, munculnya pemetaan preferensi wisatawan yang lebih sistematis dalam menentukan destinasi dan kegiatan wisata, yang lebih berorientasi pada keselamatan, kesehatan, dan penguatan hubungan sosial dengan keluarga dan rekan kerja daripada kegembiraan dan penawaran diskon biaya yang lebih rendah. Artikel tersebut juga menemukan bahwa sebagian besar rekomendasi pariwisata pasca-pandemi cenderung tidak operasional karena kegagalan mereka untuk memberikan definisi operasional tentang apa itu 'pasca-pandemi'.
Gamification: How does it impact L2 vocabulary learning and engagement?

The implementation of gaming aspects such as competition, evolution, and learning based on a reward system in non-gaming environments is known as gamification (Deterding, 2012). A gamified approach to learning has been found to increase engagement and learning in educational contexts (Dicheva et al., 2015; Turkay & Kinzer, 2015). However, the impact of these approaches on L2 vocabulary learning has not been fully documented. To this end, the present mixed-methods study sought to assess the impact of a gamified approach to teaching vocabulary on the learning and retention of 51 ninth grade EFL learners and explore their perceptions towards the game. Results showed that participants who were exposed to the card game made immediate and delayed vocabulary gains that were as high as the gains made by learners who were taught vocabulary in a traditional classroom. This suggests that a gamified methodology in an EFL classroom can yield lexical development that is at least as effective as learning words by means of textbook activities. Additionally, the perceived advantages of a gamified approach were found to increase engagement and maintain levels of learning.
THE NEXUS BETWEEN EARNINGS MANAGEMENT, DIVIDENT POLICY AND COPORATE PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM QUOTED BANKS IN NIGERIA

This research work examines the nexus between earnings management, dividend policy on corporate performance. The research study used ex-post-facto research design and stratify random sampling techniques to select all commercial banks quoted in Nigerian stock Exchange(NSE), selecting and Appling the secondary data obtained from the annual financial reports of quoted banks in Nigeria. And data collected were effectively analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, normality test, variance inflation test, heteroscedasticity test and multiple regressions. The results finding shows that accrual earnings management (AEM) has a coefficient 49.5. This indicates that AEM has positive effect on the corporate performance of banks as measured by ROE. The result implies that a unit increase on the AEM will cause the mean of ROE to increase by 49 units, the results show that real earnings management (REM) has coefficient of 16.6, which indicates that the increase in the management use of real earnings management by the firm will amount to increase in corporate performance as measured by ROE, and the lesser the use of REM on the accounting numbers the lesser the reported ROE of the banks will be. Base on the finding, the study therefore makes policy recommendations thus; Regulators should checkmate the use of AEM by the banks, to be able to forestall an ailing entity on time and at best make public certain information that would be hidden by use of accrual earnings management. And firms Management should moderate the use of real earnings management in projecting earnings of the enterprise to guarantee sustainability of the firms. Keywords: Earnings Management, Dividends policy, corporate performance, Banking Sector, Nigeria.
Prevention of Library Collection Security Breaches in Ohangwena and Oshana Regional Libraries, Namibia

This paper focused on the prevention of library collection security breaches in Ohangwena and Oshana Regional Libraries. A qualitative research design was employed and a case study strategy was adopted for the study. The population consisted of 12 staff members from Ohangwena and Oshana Regional Library who were selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected through telephone interviews and presented qualitatively in form of descriptive narratives. The study revealed that most of staff members working in these libraries held qualifications which were not related to librarianship. The findings revealed that over borrowing of books, theft and vandalism of library collection were very common in these libraries and occurred on a weekly basis. Further findings showed that measures such as the use of 3M library security system, CCTV, security personnel and lockers to keep users’ bags were in place to address security issues. Penalties such as replacement of lost or damaged items, suspension of offenders, fines for over borrowing were imposed upon users in these libraries. A major recommendation was that libraries should formulate national policies and guidelines to guide library staff on how to handle security breaches. Additionally, the government should recognize theft and vandalism of library materials as a crime because currently, users tend to commit these ill-acts since no criminal case is opened against them.
Dynamics and spectroscopy of asymmetrically heated coronal loops

We investigate numerical models of steady flows along coronal magnetic flux tubes of varying cross sectional area. The flows are induced by altering the spatial symmetry of the heating. In two cases the flux tube geometry is symmetric about the top of the loop, but the spatial dependence of the heating rate is changed from a symmetric deposition which supports a stationary equilibrium to a time-independent asymmetric deposition. In a third case the volumetric heating rate is uniform, but one half of the loop is larger in volume that the other. The resulting velocity structure varies significantly with changes in the flux tube geometry. Calculations of the ionization balance and line emission for a number of ionization states of oxygen suggest that heating induced flows may be responsible for the redshifts seen in spectral lines formed in the network at transition region temperatures.
FORCED CONVECTION IN MICROPOLAR FLUID FLOW OVER A WAVY SURFACE

Forced convection in the boundary layer flow of a micropolar fluid over a wavy surface is studied by the coordinate transformation and the spline alternating direction implicit method. Effects of the vortex viscosity parameter and the wavy geometry on the velocity, the local skin friction coefficient, and the local Nusselt number (Nu) are studied. Results show that the harmonic curves for the local skin friction coefficient and the local Nu have the same frequency as the frequency of the wavy surface. Moreover, the vortex viscosity parameter tends to decrease the heat transfer rate and to increase the skin friction coefficient.
Characterization of vegetation and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community in soils impacted by gold mining in Colombia

Mining extraction has a substantial impact on soil and vegetation cover. However, little is known about its effect on the flora and microorganisms associated with these environments. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) form associations with plants, improving their development in environments contaminated with heavy metals, among other benefits. Native plants and AMF found in the soil degraded by mining play an essential role in establishing programs dealing with recovering areas influenced by these activities. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize vegetation and AMF abundance and diversity in an area affected by gold mining in Colombia. Vegetation was evaluated in two areas, one adjacent to mining deposits with native vegetation (SI-N) and the other in an intermediate area with mining waste and initial natural plant successions (SI-SV). AMF was assessed in the SI-N and the mining waste area (SI-M). Vegetation was quantified using the RAP method, and AMF was assessed using wet sieving from direct soil samples and trap crops. Vegetation evaluations identified 605 individuals belonging to 29 families, 46 genera, and 54 species, and AMF assessment identified 11 species and five genera. Diversity was established using Hill numbers, finding that SI-N was more diverse for vegetation (Q1: 11.94) and SI-M for AMF (Q1: 3.07). Heavy metals and vegetation decreased the diversity and abundance of AMF in the SI-M. Plant species of the genera Baccharis, Agrostis, Miconia, and the AMF Glomus microcarpum were the most frequent species with potential for recovery in degraded areas.
Rotor types associated with steep lee topography: influence of the wind profile

Turbulent rotors in the lower troposphere are usually associated with high-amplitude lee waves. Two types of rotors have been observed. The first type, often visible as harmless-looking cumulus or cumulus fractus lines paralleling the mountain range, comprises a well-defined circulation under the crests of resonant mountain waves. This type of rotor contains moderate or severe turbulence and is often confined below the height of a frequently-observed upstream, near-mountain-top inversion. A second, less common, rotor type extends much higher than the upstream inversion. This type has been observed to contain severe or extreme turbulence, and is thought to be associated with a high-amplitude mountain-wave system resembling a hydraulic jump. Both rotor types present a hazard to aviation, although the second type of rotor is far more dangerous. We present high-resolution two-dimensional simulations of two distinct rotor types, which reveal dramatic differences in internal structure and turbulence intensity. The evolution of the lee-side horizontal vorticity provides insight into the formation mechanism involved. Horizontal vorticity within the initial upstream inversion is modified due to baroclinic generation as the flow spills down the lee slope. The magnitude of the modified horizontal vorticity is regulated by shear in the initial upstream inversion. At the same time, horizontal vorticity of the opposite sign forms in a shallow surface layer. The type of rotor that forms depends on the sign of the dominant horizontal vorticity as near-surface flow separation occurs along the lee slope. The simulations point to the vital role of an upstream near-mountain-top inversion, its deformation in the lee of the mountain, and the initial vertical shear within the inversion in rotor formation.
Dual symmetric Lagrangians and conservation laws

By using a complex field with a symmetric combination of electric and magnetic fields, a first-order covariant Lagrangian for Maxwell's equations is obtained. This leads to a dual-symmetric quantum-field theory with an infinite set of local conservation laws. The dual symmetry is shown to correspond to a helical phase, conjugate to a conserved helicity number. [S1050-2947(99)50809-3].
Asymptotic Properties of Stochastic Approximations with Constant Coefficients.

Asymptotic properties (as $n \to \infty $, and then $a \to 0$) of the Stochastic Approximation (SA) algorithm \[ ( * )\qquad ,X_{n + 1}^a = X_n^a + ah_a \left( {X_n^a ,\xi _n^a } \right) \] are obtained, where $h_a $ is not necessarily additive in $\xi _n^a $. If $Eh_a (x,\xi _n^a ) = g(x) + O(a)$ and $\dot x = g(x)$ is globally asymptotically stable about a solution $x_t \equiv \theta $, then the asymptotic properties of $\{ {{(X_n^a - \theta )} / {\sqrt a }}\} \equiv \{ U_n^a \} $ are developed. In particular, it is shown that (as $a \to 0$) a natural continuous parameter interpolation of the tail part of $\{ U_n^a \} $ converges weakly to a stationary Gauss-Markov process, from which the asymptotic properties of $\{ U_n^a \} $ and $\{ X_n^a \} $ can be obtained for small a. The conditions on $\{ \xi _n^a \} $ are reasonable from the point of view of the usual applications to adaptive systems and identification. These results seem to be the first of their type for SA’s with constant coefficients. Some r.
EFFECTS OF POROUS SEDIMENTS ON SEISMIC RESPONSE OF CONCRETE GRAVITY DAMS

A boundary-element approach for the dynamic analysis of continuous systems that may consist of water, viscoelastic, and fluid-filled poroelastic zones of arbitrary shape is applied to the study of a concrete gravity dam, which is subject to ground motion and interacts with the water, foundation, and bottom sediment. The present approach is very versatile and can be applied without difficulty to the analysis of problems in regions with very general geometries. Existing finite-element techniques are restricted to more particular geometries. The effects of sediment on the seismic response of gravity dams are evaluated for rigid and half-space viscoelastic foundation. The influence of the degree of saturation and the thickness of bottom sediment are analyzed. Some of the more remarkable conclusions obtained from the results of the present paper are: sediment compressibility has a very important effect on the dam response; the effects of fully saturated sediment are rather limited and results present very litt.
Thermal Performance of Aluminum and Glass Beer Bottles

Aluminum beer bottles recently have been introduced as an alternative to traditional glass bottles or aluminum cans. Advertisements claim that the new aluminum bottles keep beer “colder longer” than glass bottles. Because the thermal conductivity of aluminum is over 150 times that of typical soda-lime glass, and because the bottle wall is thinner, this claim appears counterintuitive. In this investigation, the thermal performance of commercially available aluminum and glass beer bottles was examined using experimental, analytical, and computational methods. It was found that when exposed to ambient air, glass and aluminum bottles perform in a nearly identical manner with respect to keeping their contents cold. Each bottle showed an approximately 15°C temperature rise over a 2.7-hour period. Heat transfer is controlled by natural convection and thermal radiation at the outer bottle surface; hence, the difference in thermal conductivity between the bottles has no significant impact on the temperature transient. Computational simulations also predict that when an aluminum bottle is immersed in an ice-water bath, the liquid cools more quickly than in glass due to the lower thermal resistance of the aluminum versus the glass; when held in the hand, the glass bottle allows the liquid to warm more slowly than the aluminum bottle.
Geometric Effects of Shallow Dimples in Turbulent Channel Flows at Re ≈ 180 : A Vorticity Transport Perspective

Shallow dimples have shown a great potential to reduce turbulent drag in several experiments. However, the mechanism underlying their effects on turbulence dynamics remains a subject of deliberation. In this numerical study, a vorticity transport perspective is adopted to elucidate the geometric effects of shallow dimples on the turbulence dynamics in a fully-developed turbulent channel flow. The geometric modifications considered in the present direct numerical simulation at a bulk Reynolds number of 2800 include changing the planform design and modulating the streamwise wall slope. The planform design had a significant impact on the mean flow topology and the drag property. Out of the five planform designs, diamond (shape) dimples produced the highest amount of total drag reduction of ≈ 7 % , whereas symmetric circular dimples caused the greatest increase in total drag by ≈ 6 % . Results revealed that geometric modifications of shallow dimples mainly affect the vorticity redistribution process that predominates in the inner region of a turbulent boundary layer, and in turn the generation of Reynolds stress. The drag property of a dimpled surface was found to scale with the velocity–vorticity correlation term representing the physical process of vorticity stretching and reorientation. The occurrence of flow separation near the leading edge of the dimple altered the vorticity dispersion process in the outer region, thereby modifying the generation of Reynolds stress in the bulk flow. On the other hand, the vortex dispersion process in the inner layer can be altered by modulating the streamwise wall slope. Accordingly, the vorticity redistribution process was modified but the near-wall generation of Reynolds stress was unaffected. Thus, only the form drag var-ied with the streamwise wall slope, while the viscous drag remained largely the same.