Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temperature dependence of ultraviolet absorption cross-sections of chlorofluoro-ethanes

New absorption cross-sections of three haloethanes C 2F 5Cl, C 2F 4Cl 2 (CF 2Cl-CF 2Cl), and C 2F 3Cl 3 (CF 2 Cl-CFCl 2) measured between 172 and 250 nm for temperatures ranging from 225 to 295 K, are presented with uncertainties between 2 and 4%. They are compared with previous measurements available at room temperature and only at one low temperature, namely 208 K. The largest temperature effects which take place near the absorption threshold, can amount up to 50% for C 2F 3Cl 3 and 70% for C 2F 4Cl 2; temperature effect, if any, was too small to be detected in the case of C 2F 5Cl. Extrapolated values for temperatures of aeronomical interest are presented as well as parametrical formulae which give absorption cross-section values for given wavelength and temperature useful in stratospheric modelling calculations. Photodissociation coefficients are presented and their temperature dependence is discussed.
Optimization of Cuprous Oxide (Cu2O) Heterojunction Solar Cells Using Silvaco TCAD

In recent years, Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) has become an interesting research topic, well suited to work in thin film photovoltaic applications due to its low-cost fabrication, abundance in the Earth’s crust, non-toxic and for their interesting properties such as good conductivity, direct band gap about of 2.1eV and high absorption coefficient (~10cm). In this work, the simulation software Silvaco (TCAD) was used to study the effect of several parameters (such as Thickness of both ZnO and Cu2O layers and their doping concentration and effect of inserting heavily doped layer p) on the AZO/n-ZnO/p-Cu2O heterojunction solar cell in order to improve their performance. The performance of Cu2O cell was determined at the ideal values for the following parameters: ZnO thickness, Cu2O thickness, doping concentration of ZnO transparent layer and doping concentration of Cu2O absorbent layer which are: 0. 041μm, 6. 6μm, 3×1020cm and 6×1015cm, respectively. As follows :The Jsc, Voc, FF and η, which were: 8.487mA⁄cm, 0.753V, 78.374% and 5.015%, respectively. Also, when doping concentration and thickness of p layer at 4×1020cm and 0. 6μm, we found η = 5.017% and 5.017%, respectively.
Probiotic treatment differentially affects the behavioral and electrophysiological aspects in ethanol exposed animals

Objective(s): Harmful effects of alcohol on brain function including cognitive phenomena are well known. Damage to gut microbiota is linked to neurological disorders. Evidence indicates that intestinal flora can be strengthened by probiotic bacteria. In this study, we evaluated the effect of probiotics administration on LTP induction in rats receiving ethanol. Materials and Methods: To assess if probiotic treatment influences toxic effect of ethanol, vehicle (CON) and probiotic treated (CON+PRO) control rats, and chronic ethanol (CE) exposed and CE probiotic treated (CE+PRO) animals were entered into the experiments. Shuttle box test and in vivo electrophysiological recordings were accomplished to evaluate memory and hippocampal baseline filed excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) and long term potentiation (LTP), respectively. Results: Ethanol impaired memory in the CE rats. It also diminished the slope size of fEPSPs and prevented LTP induction. While the probiotic supplementation improved memory in the CE+PRO rats, it did not influence synaptic transmission in these animals. Conclusion: Conclusively, behavioral but not electrophysiological aspect of cognition is sensitive to probiotic treatment in the ethanol exposed animals.
Ecoimmunology and Demography of Recruitment in Swainson’s Hawks

Swainson’s Hawks are a long-lived migratory species that breed throughout North America. Swainson’s Hawks frequently forage and nest in modified-agriculture landscapes, which often support large prey abundances. Breeding surveys across the state of California estimated a 91% decline in the number of breeding pairs in 1979, prompting a listing-status of “threatened” in 1983. A long-term monitoring project for the species was developed in Butte Valley, California in association with this state-wide survey and has run continuously from 1979 to the present. Examination of this long-term breeding and reproductive data shows a continuum of territory occupancy and productivity values. This heterogeneity becomes especially apparent when examining differences between individual territories. I explored the differences between territories and its role on natal conditions using immune system development as a framework. The hypothesis being that nestlings benefitting from favorable conditions are able to invest in stronger immune systems. Mixed effects analyses indicated a significant link between extended territory occupancy history, an index of habitat quality, and stronger immune systems in nestlings in 2013 but not in
Azimuth-, angle-and frequency-dependent seismic velocities of cracked rocks due to squirt flow

Abstract. Understanding the properties of cracked rocks is of great importance in scenarios involving CO2 geological sequestration, nuclear waste disposal, geothermal energy, and hydrocarbon exploration and production. Developing noninvasive detecting and monitoring methods for such geological formations is crucial. Many studies show that seismic waves exhibit strong dispersion and attenuation across a broad frequency range due to fluid flow at the pore scale known as squirt flow. Nevertheless, how and to what extent squirt flow affects seismic waves is still a matter of investigation. To fully understand its angle- and frequency-dependent behavior for specific geometries, appropriate numerical simulations are needed. We perform a three-dimensional numerical study of the fluid–solid deformation at the pore scale based on coupled Lamé–Navier and Navier–Stokes linear quasistatic equations. We show that seismic wave velocities exhibit strong azimuth-, angle- and frequency-dependent behavior due to squirt flow between interconnected cracks. Furthermore, the overall anisotropy of a medium mainly increases due to squirt flow, but in some specific planes the anisotropy can locally decrease. We analyze the Thomsen-type anisotropic parameters and adopt another scalar parameter which can be used to measure the anisotropy strength of a model with any elastic symmetry. This work significantly clarifies the impact of squirt flow on seismic wave anisotropy in three dimensions and can potentially be used to improve the geophysical monitoring and surveying of fluid-filled cracked porous zones in the subsurface.
Households’ Water-Use Demand and Willingness to Pay for Improved Water Services in Ijebu Ode Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria

This study examined the households’ water choice decision and willingness to pay for improvement in waterservices. Data were collected from 216 randomly selected households in Ijebu- Ode local government area, OgunState. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Ordinary Least Square regression and logit regressionmodels. Result showed that majority of the households’ water supply was from private piped/borehole. 58.3% ofthe households were dissatisfied with the current water supply situation and the households preferred waterchoices are public piped (64.4%), private piped/borehole (30.1%) and well water (5.6%). These preferences ofhousehold’s water choices were determined by quality, convenience, availability and cost with 35.6%, 33.3%,18.5% and 12.5% respectively. It was revealed further that household per capita expenditure on water was N60(US$0.38) per day an equivalent of N1,800 (US$11.5) per month. The mean willingness to pay for theimprovement in water service was N2,247(US$14.4) per month which is even higher than the amount therespondent are spending per month on private piped and the current connection charge per month on publicpiped. The result of ordinary least square regression showed that connection charges, household size, distance towater source, availability and quality of water source, unit price paid per liter, and marital status were thesignificant determinants of households’ water demand. Logit regression analysis result showed that age, gender,education, connection charges and household size are the correlates of willingness to pay for improved waterservices in the study area. It is recommended that the government should facilitate the availability of good andquality public water utilities in this area as the consumers are willing to pay for such beneficial services.
EFFECT OF DIETARY SUMAC SEED POWDER AS AN ANTIOXIDANT AND GROWTH PROMOTER ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF JAPANESE QUILL

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary sumac seed powder (SSP) as an antioxidant and growth promoter on growth performance, carcass characteristics and blood constituents. A total number of 240 Japanese quail birds 7 days old were distributed into 4 groups (n=60) with 3 replicates (20 in each). The first group was fed the control (0.0% SSP), while, the other groups fed 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5% SSP. Body weight and feed consumption were recorded biweekly, while, mortality rate was recorded daily. Average body weight gains, feed conversion ratio, and European Production Efficiency Index (EPEI) were calculated while; bacterial count of intestinal contents was estimated.At the end of the experiment, carcass characteristics were measured, moreover, blood samples were taken to determine some blood constituents and organoleptic evaluation of cooked chicken meat. Results indicated that quail chicks fed different levels of SSP had the heaviest (p<0.05) body weight and body weight gain and better FCR and EPEI as compared to the control group. Sumac Seed Powder with different levels significantly (p<0.05) improved dressing, breast, total edible parts and the values of the meat quality including taste, aroma, texture, color and overall acceptability compared to the control group. Abdominal fat percentage was absent with different levels of sumac compared to control group. Chicks fed 2 and 2.5%SSP showed significantly (p<0.05) higher spleen, bursa and thymus. The ALT, AST, cholesterol, LDL, glucose, A/G and the population of E.coli of the control were higher than the birds fed SSP. Total antioxidants capacity, total lipids and globulin of the sumac fed groups were higher than the birds in control. Total plasma protein was significantly higher with 2%SSP compared to other treatments. Generally, diets supplemented with sumac seed powder (1.5, 2 and 2.5%) significantly improved growth performance, carcass, meat quality and plasma blood constituents in Japanese quail. The best supplemented level of SSP was 2%.
Diagnosis and histopathological study of avian influenza virus-H5 (AIV-H5) in broiler farms

This study was conducted for diagnosis and description of the pathological changes of AIV-H5 as the causative pathogen in Iraqi broiler farms. The current study was carried out on 84 broiler farms. Infected birds were tested for detection of the AIV infection from the tracheal swabs by rapid chromatographic AIV type A and H5 test kits. In RRT-PCR 8 samples (8 farms) of Trachea were selected to be tested by this assay. Samples of trachea, lung, and spleen from the dead birds with natural AIV-H5 infection were submitted for histopathological examination. seventy-two out of 84 farms tested for AIV-Type A gave positive results, and 58 out of 72 positives for type A-AIV gave a positive result for H5 antigen in a rapid chromatographic strip. The main gross lesions in the trachea of infected birds were severe congestion and hemorrhage. In the RRT-PCR assay, 8 out of 8 samples gave a distinct positive result for this test. The microscopic histopathological examination of infected tracheas showed obvious desquamation of lining epithelium with complete loss of cilia associated with congestion of blood vessels in lamina properia. Infected lungs revealed diffuse alveolar damage and severe multifocal vascular congestion. There was deposition of fibrinous material in the splenic tissue associated with the disappearance of the germinal centers. Thus, we concluded that AIV-H5 infection causes severe pathological and histopathological changes as a result of systemic infection. The RRT-PCR assay was highly sensitive and specific for the detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtypes.
Lagrangian gravity wave spectra in the lower stratosphere of current (re)analyses

Abstract. Due to their increasing spatial resolution, numerical weather prediction (NWP) models and the associated analyses resolve a growing fraction of the gravity wave (GW) spectrum. However, it is unclear how well this “resolved” part of the spectrum truly compares to the actual atmospheric variability. In particular, the Lagrangian variability, relevant, for example, to atmospheric dispersion and to microphysical modeling in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS), has not yet been documented in recent products. To address this shortcoming, this paper presents an assessment of the GW spectrum as a function of the intrinsic (air parcel following) frequency in recent (re)analyses (ERA-Interim, ERA5, the ECMWF operational analysis and MERRA-2). Long-duration, quasi-Lagrangian balloon observations in the equatorial and Antarctic lower stratosphere are used as a reference for the atmospheric spectrum and are compared to synthetic balloon observations along trajectories calculated using the wind and temperature fields of the reanalyses. Overall, the reanalyses represent realistic features of the spectrum, notably the spectral gap between planetary and gravity waves and a peak in horizontal kinetic energy associated with inertial waves near the Coriolis frequency f in the polar region. In the tropics, they represent the slope of the spectrum at low frequency. However, the variability is generally underestimated even in the low-frequency portion of the spectrum. In particular, the near-inertial peak, although present in the reanalyses, has a reduced magnitude compared to balloon observations. We compare the observed and modeled variabilities of temperature, zonal momentum flux and vertical wind speed, which are related to low-, mid- and high-frequency waves, respectively. The probability density function (PDF) distributions have similar shapes but show increasing disagreement with increasing intrinsic frequency. Since at those altitudes they are mainly caused by gravity waves, we also compare the geographic distribution of vertical wind fluctuations in the different products, which emphasizes the increase of both GW variance and intermittency with horizontal resolution. Finally, we quantify the fraction of resolved variability and its dependency on model resolution for the different variables. In all (re)analysis products, a significant part of the variability is still missing, especially at high frequencies, and should hence be parameterized. Among the two polar balloon datasets used, one was broadcast on the Global Telecommunication System for assimilation in NWP models, while the other consists of independent observations (unassimilated in the reanalyses). Comparing the Lagrangian spectra between the two campaigns shows that the (re)analyses are largely influenced by balloon data assimilation, which especially enhances the variance at low GW frequency.
EVALUATION OF SALIVARY AND SERUM VISFATIN IN ORAL BULLOUS EROSIVE LICHEN PLANUS AND ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

Introduction: Bullous Erosive Oral Lichen Planus (BEOLP) is a potentially malignant condition with high rate of transformation into Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), and aiming to reduce the morbidity and mortality rate arising from OLP; the early diagnosis of oral cancer was recommended. Many biomarkers were found to be released into the serum and the saliva during the course of both diseases, BEOLP and OSCC. One of these proteins is visfatin. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary level of visfatin and to find out if it can be used instead of its serum level as an early diagnostic biomarker for patients with either BEOLP or OSCC. Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted on 3 groups; group (A) which included fifteen medically free subjects, group (B) which included fifteen patients suffering from BEOLP, and finally group (C) which included fifteen patients suffering from OSCC. Serum and salivary samples were collected and visfatin levels were measured using an ELISA kit (Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay). Data were analyzed by SPSS. Results: The present study detected no statistically significant difference between mean visfatin levels in BEOLP and OSCC groups; both showed statistically significantly higher mean levels than control group which showed the lowest mean visfatin level. It Also revealed a statistically significant positive (direct) correlation between serum and salivary visfatin levels (r = 0.835, P-value <0.001) i.e. an increase in serum level of visfatin is associated with an increase in salivary level of Visfatin. Conclusion: Salivary level of visfatin can be used instead of its serum level as a biomarker for BEOLP and OSCC.
Dry Eyes Status on Des Scale and Related Factors in Outpatients at Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology

BACKGROUND: Dry eye (DE) can effect on quality of life by pain, inability to perform certain activities that require prolonged attention (driving, reading,…) and productivity at work and finally effect to Q0L associated with DE. OSDI is scale questionnaire is created team to measure the quality of life related to ocular surface disease. AIM: To describe the dry eye disease according to OSDI scale and related factors of this disease. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on outpatients (≥ 16-year-old) who were examined and diagnosed with dry eyes at Vietnam National Institute Of Ophthalmology from April to July 2018. Data was collected using the OSDI questionnaire. RESULTS: The average age of participants was 44.6 years; 80.9% of patients were female; 39.9% were identified having mild dry eye. The related factors have been identified that associated with severe dry eye, including age OR = 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01-1.05, p = 0.005), binocular good vision OR = 0.11 (95% CI: 0.05-0.23; p < 0.0001), medical history OR = 17.09 (95% CI: 2.24-130.25; p < 0.0001), chronic conjunctivitis OR = 0.36 (95% CI: 0.14-0.91; p = 0.027), refractive errors OR = 0.14 (95% CI: 0.04-0.48; p < 0.0001), Sjogren’s syndrome OR = 31.13 (95% CI: 7.08-136.76; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Several related factors have been identified associated with severe dry eye, including: age, binocular good vision, medical history, chronic conjunctivitis, refractive errors, Sjogren’s syndrome.
Impact of structured educational program on maternal knowledge, attitude, and practice toward diarrhea management in children <5 years age in Anantapur District

Introduction: Maternal knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) toward management and prevention of diarrhea in children <5 years age is essential as it maintains good quality of life by reducing the morbidity and mortality. Aim: A study is designed to assess the KAP of mothers before and after the structured educational program on management of diarrhea in children less the 5 years of age. Settings and Design: Quasi-experimental design without control was preferred to test the effect of education on KAP toward diarrheal management among mothers at a rural secondary care referral hospital situated at resource challenged settings of south India. Subjects and Methods: A total of 384 mothers were enrolled and given education regarding the childhood management and prevention of diarrhea. A prevalidated KAP questionnaire toward management and prevention diarrhea was used to assess maternal KAP levels before and after the structured educational program. Statistical Analysis: Epi-Info-7 statistical software was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and proportion were calculated for demographic characteristics. Chi-square test was used to test differences between the pre- and post-intervention KAP levels. Results and Discussion: The majority of women (56.7%) were belonging to the age group of 20–29 years. Among all the participants, nearly 85.4% were illiterate. Most of the women were of lower socioeconomic status (69.7%). There is a significant effect of structured educational program on maternal knowledge (χ2 = 577.2; P < 0.05), attitude (χ2 = 326.3; P < 0.05), and practice (χ2 = 347.3; P < 0.05) toward diarrhea management and prevention. Conclusion: Structured educational program targeting health-care providers and mothers primarily focusing on management and prevention of diarrhea shall improve the clinical outcomes in children <5 years of age.
EFFICACY OF TWO ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTS AND PREDATORY MITE Phytoseiulus persimilis IN SUPPRESSING THE POPULATION OF THE TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE, Tetranychus urticae KOCH

The potential of two plant extracts (peppermint Mentha piperita L. and clove Syzygium aromaticum L.) and a predatory mite species (Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot) as well as their combinations were evaluated for their effect in reducing the population densities of the two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, on detached mulberry leaves (Morus nigra L.). The results of control pest experiment on the eight treatments showed that the total of spider mite populations was significantly different among treatments (F7, 136 = 32. 74; P < 0.001). Likewise, the reduction percentage of the spider mite populations was significantly different among on the seven treatments (F6, 105 = 3.01; P < 0.01). The highest total average number of spider mite population reduction was exhibited in the combination of P. persimilis with peppermint and clove together from all treatments The total average number of spider mite population in the combination of P. persimilis with peppermint and clove together was significantly highest from all treatments (9.07 individual; with 97.93% redaction; LSD; P < 0.05), except the combination of P. persimilis with peppermint extract (9.67 individual; with 97.52% redaction), the combination of P. persimilis with clove extract (11.19 individual; with 96.55% redaction) or P. persimilis alone (11.28 individual; with 96.36% redaction). The lowest total average number of spider mite population was recorded for the clove extract alone, which was significantly different from all treatments (36.37 individual; with 83.17% redaction; LSD; P < 0.05) except peppermint extract alone (24.66 individual with 89.12% redaction). These experiments suggested that releasing P. persimilis alone or its combinations are more favourable strategy for suppression of spider mite T. urticae.