Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlation and Regression Analysis to Determine the Percentage Existence of Physicochemical Parameters on Electrical Conductivity in the Industrial Area Drinking Water Around Cuddalore Old Town, Tamilnadu

Introduction: Pure water is an acceptable one for persistent health. The superficial view on drinking water does not give much idea about the presence of minerals in it. Analyzing the physicochemical properties of groundwater samples helps in determining the constituents present in them as well as identifying quality standards. For this study, drinking water samples were collected from fifteen bore wells in and around the industrial area of Cuddalore old town. The Physico-chemical properties such as Potential of Hydrogen (pH), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Hardness (TH), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Alkalinity (TA), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Chloride (Cl-) and Sulphate ( SO42-) are studied and then compared with the standard values of World Health Organization (WHO). Pure water does not have any conducting property. The drinking water may have a high value of Electrical Conductivity due to the presence of elements and salts which are not at the standard level. Objectives: The acquisition of knowledge about the correlation matrix reveals that the interrelation between any two parameters. Using this, the relationship between electrical conductivity and all other parameters is analyzed in this present study. The regression equation is formed to calculate the impact of individual parameters on electrical conductivity. Method: Statistical analysis helped to calculate the effect of each parameter on the high value of contamination in the groundwater due to electrical conductivity. Result: It is found that the presence of cations is highest in the order Sodium, Calcium, Potassium, Magnesium and the abundance of anions is highest in the order Sulphate and Chloride. Conclusion: The effect of each parameter on electrical conductivity has been studied. It showed that the percentage of TDS and Sodium was the maximum responsible for electrical conductivity. This study may be helpful to determine the quantity of each parameter that affects the quality of the groundwater and also used to evaluate the percentage of constituents present in it.
Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Surveillance in Lynch Syndrome

Simple Summary Lynch syndrome is the most common cause of hereditary colorectal cancer, but is also associated with increased extracolonic cancer risk, including upper gastrointestinal cancers. While there is agreement regarding the benefit of frequent colonoscopic surveillance in Lynch syndrome, there remains a lack of consensus on the use of upper gastrointestinal cancer surveillance. Here, we review the upper gastrointestinal cancer risks in Lynch syndrome, the varying guideline recommendations in this area, and the published outcomes of upper gastrointestinal cancer surveillance in this high-risk population. Finally, we highlight ongoing controversies in upper gastrointestinal cancer surveillance and opine on how upper gastrointestinal cancer surveillance can be incorporated into a Lynch syndrome risk management program. Upper gastrointestinal cancer surveillance is an increasingly studied area of risk management in Lynch syndrome, and continued research will be vital in determining how to best incorporate this surveillance in these high-risk patients. Abstract Lynch syndrome is a common hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome associated with increased digestive cancer risk including colorectal, gastric, and duodenal cancers. While colorectal cancer surveillance is widely accepted to be an important part of a comprehensive Lynch syndrome risk management plan, the use of upper gastrointestinal cancer surveillance in Lynch syndrome remains more controversial. Currently, upper gastrointestinal cancer surveillance guidelines for Lynch syndrome vary widely, and there is no consensus on who should undergo upper gastrointestinal cancer surveillance, how surveillance should be performed, the age at which to initiate surveillance, or how often individuals with Lynch syndrome should undergo upper gastrointestinal cancer surveillance. Fortunately, research groups around the world have been focusing on upper gastrointestinal cancer surveillance in Lynch syndrome, and recent evidence in this field has demonstrated that upper gastrointestinal cancer surveillance can be performed with identification of precancerous lesions as well as early-stage upper gastrointestinal cancers. In this manuscript, we review the upper gastrointestinal cancer risks in Lynch syndrome, differing guideline recommendations for surveillance, outcomes of upper gastrointestinal cancer surveillance, and controversies in the field, and we provide a framework based on our collective experience with which to incorporate upper gastrointestinal cancer surveillance into a risk management program for individuals with Lynch syndrome.
A Realist Explanatory Case Study Investigating How Common Goals, Leadership, and Committed Staff Facilitate Health in All Policies Implementation in the Municipality of Kuopio, Finland

Background: Health in All Policies (HiAP) encompasses collaboration across government and the consideration of health in various governmental sector’s policies and decisions. Despite increasing advocacy, interest, and uptake in HiAP globally, empirical and evaluative studies are underrepresented in this growing literature, particularly literature on HiAP implementation at the local level. Finland has been a pioneer in and champion for HiAP. Methods: A realist explanatory case study design was used to test hypotheses about how HiAP is implemented in Kuopio, Finland. Semi-structured interviews with ten government employees from various sectors were conducted. Data from interviews and literature were analyzed with the aims of uncovering explanatory mechanisms in the form of context-strategy-mechanism-outcome (CSMO) configurations related to implementation strategies. Evidence was evaluated for quality based on triangulation of sources and strength of evidence. We hypothesized that having or creating a common goal between sectors and having committed staff and local leadership would facilitate implementation. Results: Strong evidence supports our hypothesis that having or creating a common goal can aid in positive implementation outcomes at the local level. Common goals can be created by the strategies of having a city mandate, engaging in cross-sectoral discussions, and/or by working together. Policy and political elite leadership led to HiAP implementation success because leaders supported HiAP work, thus providing justification for using time to work intersectorally. How and why the wellbeing committee facilitated implementation included by providing opportunities for discussion and learning, which led to understanding of how non-health decisions impact community wellbeing, and by acting as a conduit for the communication of wellbeing goals to government employees. Conclusion: At the municipal level, having or creating a common goal, leadership from policy and political elites, and the presence of committed staff can facilitate HiAP implementation. Inclusion of not only strategies for HiAP, but also the explanatory mechanisms, aids in elucidating how and why HiAP is successfully implemented in a local setting.
MANUFACTURE OF ACOUSTICAL ONE SIDE-WAFFLE PANEL MADE OF NATURAL RESOURCES WITH HYDRAULIC HOT PRESS MACHINE

Waste generated from natural resources should be recycled as more useful materials. This research has produced acoustical waffle panel material which is useful as an absorber on the noisy housing. Acoustical waffle panels was made by Hydraulic Hot Press machine. The purpose of this discussion is to describe the machine design process and compare waffle panels made of coconut fiber and wood sawdust in the best acoustic performances. The result is that the hydraulic hot press machine has the structural strength and stability on the load of 2,500 N and 5,000 N. The hot press machine is safe for both the transverse tensile stress and longitudinal tensile stress which are smaller than the allowable stress of steel material of 40 at 1,100 kg/cm 2 . It also has the highest Sound Transmission Loss (STL) with the value of 40. 059 dB.
Summary of concrete-filled steel tube

The definition of concrete-filled steel tube and structural characteristics are introduced,as well as the progress of applications of sci-entific research and engineering in recent years.On the superiority of concrete-filled steel tube structure,economy,ease of construction,etc.are an-alyzed and summed up,further strengthening the inadequacies of concrete-filled steel tubular structures are analyzed objectivly,pointing out that the current concrete-filled steel tube structure of the project is an important scientific direction with broad application prospects.
RADIATIONAL DAMPING OF ROAD BRIDGE PIERS SUPPORTED BY RIGID FOUNDATION

地下逸散減衰は, 構造物の減衰特性に大きく影響することが知られている. 本研究は, 剛体基礎で支持される道路橋橋脚の地下逸散減衰について解析的な検討を行ったものである. 弾性波動論による剛体基礎・地盤系の複素剛性を考慮した道路橋橋脚モデルに対して複素応答解析を行い, その固有振動特性について考察した. また, 橋脚・基礎系の地下逸散減衰による等価モード減衰について考察し, 実務的な耐震設計で用いられる地下逸散減衰の簡便な推定式を提案した.
An Investigation into the Factors Contributing to Domestic Violence in Koforidua in the New Juaben Municipality of Ghana

The purpose of the study was to investigate the factors contributing to domestic violence in Koforidua in the New Juaben Municipality of Ghana. The population of the study consisted of 340 men selected from four communities in Koforidua. Purposive sampling technique 4 communities. Using the Krejcie and Morgan table, a sample size of 340 men were selected which is appropriate for a population of 3428 with an alpha level of 5 percent in a quantitative study. The selection was based on the fact that these communities registered the highest cases of domestic violence in the Municipality. The main instrument used for the study was structured questionnaire. Data analysed using SPSS (Statistical Product for Service Solution, version 20). Statistical tools such as frequency distribution tables, percentages, charts and cross tabulation was used. The frequency tables were used to give the summary of the data for easy understanding and comparison. The study revealed that men perceive that factors like show of power, exposure to domestic violence, poor communication in marriage, unemployment and poverty, control of women through discipline and women’s low academic achievement are the triggers of domestic violence in a marital relationship. The study recommended that effort ought to be put in place to unravel the mystery surrounding male supremacy over women at both institutional and community levels by DOVVSU, Gender Advocacy Groups and other institutions to benefit humanity and society at large.
The Impact of Corporate Governance on the Financial Performance of the Banking Sector in the MENA (Middle Eastern and North African) Region: An Immunity Test of Banks for COVID-19

The purpose of this paper is to measure the impact of internal and external corporate governance mechanisms on the financial performance of banks in the under-researched Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) region during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Bank annual reports, the Orbis Bank Focus database, and World Bank reports were used to collect both financial and non-financial information on the banking sector, followed by fixed effects regressions and two-stage least squares. Results showed that the corporate governance measures of presence of independent members on the board of directors, high ownership concentration, lack of political pressure on board members, and strong legal protection, had positive effects on bank financial performance. Corporate governance mechanisms, such as performance-based compensation, the presence of women on boards, moderate size of the board, and anti-takeover mechanisms had no significant impact on bank performance during the crisis period. An effective internal and external corporate governance mechanism could improve the financial performance of banks in MENA countries in times of pandemics and crises.
Dietary Inflammatory Index in relation to Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis

Background and Aims Epidemiologic studies show a strong association between chronic inflammation and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Diet may also affect the risk of T2D by modulating inflammation. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the relation of dietary inflammatory index (DII) and risk of T2D. Methods PubMed and Scopus were systematically searched from their inception to September 2020 to identify relevant studies. Relative risks, hazard ratios, or odds ratios (OR), with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), were calculated and pooled using a random-effects model. Results A total of 48 different studies, with a total sample size of 1,687,424 participants, were eligible to be included in this meta-analysis. In the overall analysis, no significant association was observed between DII and risk of T2D (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.91 to 1.15), with significant evidence for heterogeneity (I2 = 96.5%, P < 0.001); however, higher DII was identified as being significantly related to increased risk of T2D in high quality studies (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.17). In the stratified analysis by the dietary assessment tool, background disease, and sex of participants, DII showed no significant association with T2D. Conclusions Higher DII might be associated with an increased risk of T2D. Additional well-designed studies are required to confirm this finding.
Social comparison of ability and fear of missing out mediate the relationship between subjective well-being and social network site addiction

As social network sites (SNS) gain more users, the problem of unhealthy user behavior such as SNS addiction arises. We conducted a cross-sectional study (n = 296) on how subjective well-being (SWB) relates to SNS addiction by investigating two possible mediators: social comparison and the fear of missing out (FOMO). While doing so, we tested two distinct associations of social comparison: social comparison of ability (SCA) and social comparison of opinion (SCO). Splitting two components of social comparison is important because, while SCA involves social outcomes often depicted in SNS posts (e.g., performance, material wealth, health, and achievements) that might evoke negative emotions such as FOMO and jealousy, SCO involves presenting or sharing one’s beliefs and values in SNS posts (e.g., arguments, comments, and statements) that might evoke relatively little negative emotions. Our results showed that we replicated previous findings by demonstrating that social comparison and FOMO jointly mediated the relationship between SWB and SNS addiction. More importantly, SCA (together with FOMO), but not SCO, uniquely mediated the relationship between SWB and SNS addiction. Such distinct relations call for future research on identifying specific elements of social comparison contributing to the relation between FOMO and SNS addiction.
OH-Defects in Detrital Quartz Grains from the Julian Basin (NE Italy and Slovenia): A Fourier Transform Infrared Study

In this study, we analyzed up to 80 detrital quartz grains from four lithic greywackes along the stratigraphic column of the Julian Basin, a synorogenic basin in the southeastern Alps between Italy and Slovenia. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of detrital quartz was used to investigate the sample set with interest to its OH-defect speciation and content of each associated substitution. According to several recent studies, OH-defects in quartz are correlated to petrogenetic conditions of the source material and can be used as a provenance tool. The aim of this study is to compare results based on this method with previous studies that used other methods, to better constrain the palaeogeographical reconstruction of sedimentary fluxes. Detrital quartz within the samples of the basin shows different patterns of OH-defects and water content, indicating substantial petrogenetic differences between the sediment source rocks. For the oldest analyzed sample (ca. 66 Ma), the distribution of OH-defects suggests a mixed source between igneous and non-igneous rocks, with a predominance of metamorphic material supply. Another sample (56 Ma) reveals a great variability of OH-defects and water content, indicating that the magmatic component dominates over the metamorphic component. The distribution of OH-defects in the samples at the top of the sequence (52–53 Ma) suggests an almost solely metamorphic source. These results are in line with previous studies based on heavy minerals and geochemistry.
Oligodendrocytes form paranodal bridges that generate chains of myelin sheaths that are vulnerable to degeneration with age

Myelin sheaths in the CNS are generated by the tips of oligodendrocyte processes, which wrap axons to accelerate action potential conduction, provide metabolic support and control excitability. Here we identify a distinct mode of myelination, conserved between zebrafish, mouse and human, in which oligodendrocytes extend myelin along individual axons by linking myelin sheaths across nodes of Ranvier (NoR). By forming thin extensions that cross NoR, which we term paranodal bridges, multiple sheaths can be connected to the soma by a single cytoplasmic process. Extensive in vivo live imaging-based analyses, complemented by serial electron microscopic reconstruction of paranodal bridges, revealed that many oligodendrocytes use this strategy to generate longer stretches of myelin along individual axons. In the mouse somatosensory cortex, paranodal bridges were particularly prevalent along the highly branched axons of parvalbumin expressing (PV) interneurons, which enabled oligodendrocytes to extend myelin sheaths around axon bifurcations. Sheaths at the distal ends of these chains of myelin degenerated more frequently in aged mice, suggesting that they may be more vulnerable to the aging brain environment. This previously undescribed and evolutionarily conserved feature of oligodendrocytes extends myelin coverage of individual axons without new oligodendrogenesis, which may reduce metabolic demand and preserve the fidelity of action potential propagation at axon branch points.
Black-Box Audio Adversarial Attack Using Particle Swarm Optimization

The development of artificial neural networks and artificial intelligence has helped to address problems and improve services in various fields, such as autonomous driving, image classification, medical diagnosis, and speech recognition. However, this technology has raised security threats that are different from existing ones. Recent studies have shown that artificial neural networks can easily malfunction by adversarial examples. The adversarial examples operate the neural network model as intended by the adversary. In particular, adversarial examples targeting speech recognition models is an area that has been actively studied in recent years. Existing studies have focused more on white-box methods. However, most speech recognition services are provided online and involve black-box, making it difficult or impossible for adversaries to attack. Black-box attacks have several challenges. Typically, they have a low success rate and a high risk of detection. In particular, previously proposed genetic algorithm (GA)-based attacks are at a high risk of detection because they require numerous queries. Therefore, we propose an adversarial attack system using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms to address these problems. The proposed system uses adversarial candidates as particles to obtain adversarial examples through iterative optimization. PSO-based adversarial attacks are more efficient in queries and have a higher attack success rate than the adversarial methods using GAs. In particular, our key function is that temporary particle generation maximizes query efficiency to reduce detection risk and prevent wastage of system resources. On average, our system exhibits 96% attack success rates with 1416.17 queries, indicating that is 71.41% and 8% better in terms of query and success rates than existing GA-based attacks, respectively.
Climate strike or not? Intersectionality of age and culture encountered by young climate activists in Taiwan

While the mainstream discourses of global climate strikes focus on the issue of generational justice, the experience in the context of East Asia has been under-researched. This study explores the local experience and interpretation of this movement among the young activists in Taiwan. The results show that climate strike is currently impossible in Taiwan. This study discusses this from the intersectionality of age and culture, namely, obsession with academic performance, low awareness of the right to strike, and parental intervention. It also highlights the strategies that young activists employ to reduce these barriers.
Efficient training for the hybrid optical diffractive deep neural network

As a new emerging machine learning mechanism, optical diffractive deep neural network (OD2NN) has been intensively studied recently due to its incomparable advantages on speed and power efficiency. However, the training process of the OD2NN with traditional back-propagation (BP) method is always time-consuming. Here, we introduce the biologically plausible training methods without feedback to accelerate the training process of the hybrid OD2NN. Direct feedback alignment (DFA), error-sign-based DFA (sDFA) and direct random target projection (DRTP) are utilized and evaluated in the training process of the hybrid OD2NN respectively. For the hybrid OD2NN with 20 diffractive layers, about 160× (DFA; CPU), 30× (DFA; GPU), 170× (sDFA; CPU), 32× (sDFA; GPU), 158× (DRTP; CPU) and 32× (DRTP; GPU) accelerations are achieved respectively without significant loss of accuracy, compared with the training process using BP method on CPU or GPU.
The Diagnosis and Management of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Cardiovascular Toxicity: Myocarditis and Beyond

Recent years have brought major advancements in the use of immune therapy and specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer patients, with expanding indications for various malignancies resulting in the treatment of a large and increasing number of patients. While this therapy significantly improves outcomes in a variety of hematologic and solid tumors, the use of ICIs is associated with a substantial risk of immune-related adverse events. Cardiovascular toxicity, while not the most common side effect of ICIs, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is therefore crucial for oncologists and cardiologists, as well as internists and emergency room physicians, to have a good understanding of this increasingly common clinical problem. In the present review, we discuss the cardiac aspects of ICI therapy with special emphasis on the clinical manifestations of their cardiovascular toxicity, diagnostic approaches, treatment and suggested surveillance.