Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On models

The idea for a special issue of Theatre and Performance Design, ‘On Models’, arose from our previous scholarly work on models in theatre and architecture and our practice backgrounds in both disciplines, and we would like to thank the journal editors, Jane Collins and Arnold Aronson, for taking up our suggestion and making this double issue possible. Our most recent research on models, published as The Model as Performance: Staging Space in Theatre and Architecture (Bloomsbury, 2018), showed that the set design or scenographic model had only been dealt with marginally in the disciplinary discourses of theatre and performance studies. This seemed to be in distinct contradiction to a trend we observed during the last decade that increasingly sees models as scenographic elements on the stage as well as models becoming a fixture in scenographic exhibitions. Additionally, to us, these models represented a new, different kind of model and our curiosity was stirred. In The Model as Performance, we call this new kind of model the ‘autonomous model’ and define it as an artefact from which no further artefact is produced and as one that has been conceptualised and designed as its own reality, and as its own world. A close look at the history of both theatre and architecture models revealed that the autonomous model could be traced back to the Italian Renaissance, and we followed its appearances from Scamozzi’s Teatro all’Antica at Sabbioneta to recent scenographic installations at the Prague Quadrennial for Performance Design and Space (PQ) and the Venice Architectural Biennale. Our call for papers for ‘On Models’ thus asked for contributions that would give specific insights into contemporary and historical modelling practices, and that would address both physical and digital models as objects of research, objects of experimentation and, last but not least, as objects of desire for maker and viewer. The responses were swift, and it was evident from the contributors’ comments that we had tapped into a rich yet under-researched field of practice that both designers and scholars were eager to address. As a result, ‘On Models’ is a curated collection of scholarly articles, personal reflections and visual essays that speaks from practice and about practice in an international context and from a range of disciplines – from scenography to architecture and lighting design, and from the perspectives of designer, archivist, historian and theorist. Our article, ‘Cosmopoiesis, or: making worlds. Notes on the radical model worlds of Anna Viebrock’, opens this issue and unfolds the complex terrain of the model as one of the designer’s central media of ideation, communication and representation but also with its definition of the model as possessing the capacity for cosmopoiesis, or worldmaking. This notion is exemplified by the next contribution from raumlaborberlin, titled ‘experimental arrangements’, in which the large-scale structure functions as a self-referential model that can operate as a catalyst for sociospatial change. The Berlin-based
Response of Melon Cultivars to Natural Infection by Diseases in South Western Nigeria

Melon is an important crop in South western, Nigeria. The study evaluated incidence and severity of Anthracnose, mildews, wilt, leaf spot and blight disease of melon cultivars: Serewe, Bara A, Bara B in cultivated plots in South Western Nigeria. Experiment was set in a randomized complete block design with five replicates in the Teaching and Research field of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Disease incidence and severity was varied among the melon cultivars. Predominant foliar diseases were Anthracnose and leaf blight with maximum disease incidence index of 82.0–100% across the cultivars. Disease incidence and severity indices for all diseases were high during the early season (27.0-100%) and low during the dry season (19.0-65.0%) except for the downy mildew disease. Fusarium wilt disease incidence was significantly lower than all other diseases encountered. Cultivars were not consistent in their reaction to the diseases and these also varied with the years. The study has given information on the predominant diseases for which control management technology should be developed.
The potential for evolution of salinity tolerance in Agrostis stolonifera L. and Agrostis tenuis Sibth

Summary Two Agrostis stolonifera L. populations, one from a sandy seashore and one from an adjacent area were found to differ in salinity tolerance. Agrostis tenuis Sibth. , which grew in adjacent areas where the soil salinity was low, was not found on the shore. The potential for evolution of salinity tolerance in both A. stolonifera and A. tenuis was studied. Substantial variation in salt (NaCl) tolerance was found among natural populations in both species. Specific ion tests suggested that the lack of magnesium tolerance in A. tenuis limits the evolution of seashore ecotypes. The selection of individuals with full salinity tolerance from a non-tolerant population in one stage of the life cycle demonstrates that the salinity tolerance in A. stolonifera could evolve rapidly.
Phytase studies in pigs and poultry: effect on protein digestion and energy utilization

Phytase is applied for improving digestibility of phosphorus in pig and poultry diets. Indepen-dently, phytase also improves animal performance. The mechanisms to explain this effect were investigated and quantified. Protein can be complexed with phytate, especially under the acid conditions that occurs in the stomach of animals. Dietary phytase supplementation pre-vents formation of such complexes or, if such complexes are formed, helps to release protein faster and to a larger extent from phytate. Consequently, protein digestibility may increase. This effect was confirmed in a meta-analysis of digestibility experiments, both in poultry and pigs. The higher protein digestibility explains, only in part, the improved performance. In poultry, the apparent metabolizable energy level increased with dietary phytase, mainly as the result of higher protein and fat digestion. Because in literature no effect of phytase on energy digestibility in pigs was shown, post-absorptive energy utilization was investigated. Using indirect calorimetry, no clear effect of phytase could be shown on energy partitioning. Phytase improved, however, energy utilization during the first two weeks post-weaning of ad libitum fed piglets. This may indicate that adaptation of piglets is somewhat facilitated by phytase. In an experiment with restrictedly-fed piglets, three weeks post-weaning, energy digestibility increased with phytase, but not energy metabolizability. A number of observations indicated, however, that energy metabolism of the piglets was affected. Processes that increase or de-crease heat production balance each other out. Phytase increased digestibility of minerals considerably, including the monovalent cations sodium and potassium. Mineral absorption and excretion are, in part, active processes, increasing heat production. Using a mathematical model, this effect was estimated at about 1% of energy requirements for maintenance. A lower energy requirement may result from a reduced produc-tion of endogenous protein. In growing pigs, dietary phytase supplementation decreased gastric mucin production. Possibly, the for-mation of inositol mono-, di- or tri-phosphates may act positively on the growth of animals, but this remains to be confirmed. In conclusion, phytase improved digestibility of amino acids, both in poultry and pigs. It also improved energy metabolizability in poultry. Energy utilization in pigs is probably affected, but the mechanism needs further clarification and quantification.
What’s in a Name? Are BERT Named Entity Representations just as Good for any other Name?

We evaluate named entity representations of BERT-based NLP models by investigating their robustness to replacements from the same typed class in the input. We highlight that on several tasks while such perturbations are natural, state of the art trained models are surprisingly brittle. The brittleness continues even with the recent entity-aware BERT models. We also try to discern the cause of this non-robustness, considering factors such as tokenization and frequency of occurrence. Then we provide a simple method that ensembles predictions from multiple replacements while jointly modeling the uncertainty of type annotations and label predictions. Experiments on three NLP tasks shows that our method enhances robustness and increases accuracy on both natural and adversarial datasets.
Activity rhythms, movements and patterns of sett use by badgers, Meles meles, in a Mediterranean woodland

Activity rhythms and movement patterns of Eurasian badgers (Meles meles Linnaeus, 1758) inhabiting a cork oak woodland in SW Portugal are described. Twenty months of radio-tracking data for six individuals are presented. Badgers showed crepuscular or nocturnal activity, generally starting after sunset and ending before sunrise, being active on average for 8.26 hours per day. There was some seasonal variation in these parameters, but there was no evidence of any effect due to sex or moonlight. Nevertheless, wind speed seems to be associated with wide-ranging movements. No significant correlation was found between the onset of activity and sunset or between cessation of activity and sunrise. On average, badgers travelled 4378 m per night. Males usually had more extensive movements than did females, probably because maternal behaviour restricted female ranging. The mean distance between setts used on consecutive days was 295 m, and differed seasonally, being greater in spring 2000/2001 and summer 2000. Badgers inhabiting the cork oak woodland of our study area revealed lower sett fidelity than reported for their northern counterparts, especially those of lowland England. Only on 36% of occasions did they come back to sleep in the same sett, with females returning more often to the same den. The mean number of consecutive days spent in a sett was higher in spring and lower in summer.
Influence of nitrogen on the biological aging of sherry wine

Nitrogen compounds are essential to the growth and metabolism of yeasts. The uptake and metabolism of nitrogen compounds by Saccharomyces cerevisiae depend not only on the strain and its physiological condition, but also on the chemical and physical properties of its environment. The effect of the addition of different amino acids (L-proline, L-threonine, L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, L-leucine and L-valine) to nitrogen-depleted natural or nitrogen-free synthetic wine on the cell growth, flor velum formation and sherry wine compound production was investigated under controlled biological aging by S. cerevisiae var. capensis strain G1 a typical flor yeast. The formation of flor velum was dependent on particular amino acid, oxygen availability and the composition of wine. Consumption of glycerol was related with the cell growth; in contrast, acetaldehyde tended to be released. Amino acid supplementation resulted in the release to wine of amino acids, esters and higher alcohols. The amino acid which was released in nearly all cases was L-leucine. Addition of L-glutamic acid resulted in the release mainly of ethyl acetate, in the case of L-leucine isoamyl alcohols were released, and for L-valine isobutanol. In the three cases, 1,1-diethoxyethane was released in large quantities. The findings might indicate that the regulation of metabolism succeeds in the most efficient balancing of the redox potential. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Evolution in the genus Cicer—vernalisation response and low temperature pod set in chickpea (C. arietinum L.) and its annual wild relatives

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) developed as a post-rainy season, spring-sown crop early in its evolution and spread into warm subtropical regions, in contrast to its wild relatives that have remained as winter annuals in West and Central Asia. To test whether these different life cycles selected for different phenological strategies in wild and cultivated Cicer, germplasm from a wide range of habitats was subjected to different cold treatments (vernalisation, control) at germination, and phenology evaluated at warm and cool field sites (14.8-15.1 ◦ C and 13.1 ◦ C, respectively). All wild Cicer species, except for C. yamashitae, responded positively to vernalisation and accelerated the dates of flowering, podding, and maturity. There was no vernalisation response in cultivated chickpea, whereas C. arietinum/C. echinospermum and C. arietinum/C. reticulatum interspecific hybrids were intermediate, flowering 6-16 days earlier after vernalisation. Relative podding dates differed between sites. Chickpea podded earlier than most vernalised wild species under warm conditions, but not at the cool site. Regression against post- anthesis temperature showed that the delay in podding was consistent with a lack of cold tolerance in the cultigen. The interspecific hybrids were significantly more cold tolerant than chickpea, and the wild species were almost insensitive to the temperature range recorded at the cool site. Vernalisation responsiveness and a greater tolerance of low temperatures during the reproductive phase demonstrate that the annual wild Cicer species harbour important traits that can be used to widen adaptation in the cultigen, and may help to improve the performance of chickpea as a Mediterranean cool-season crop.
Re-annotation of the Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 genome and functional characterisation of selected genes involved in strain pathogenesis

Campylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial cause of foodborne human gastroenteritis worldwide. The first C. jejuni genome (strain NCTC11168) was sequenced in 2000. This original annotation was a milestone in Campylobacter research, but soon became outdated. A re-annotation and re-analysis of this genome sequence was performed resulting in updates to over 90% of coding sequences (CDSs) and modification of 18.2% of CDS product functions (Gundogdu et al., 2007). Following this re-annotation, 15 uncharacterised CDSs with revised functions relating to virulence, signal transduction or regulation of gene expression were selected for further investigation. Defined isogenic C. jejuni 11168H mutants were constructed and after preliminary analysis, the Cj1556 and Cj0248 mutants were selected for further characterisation. Cj1556 was originally annotated as a hypothetical protein and was updated to a MarR family transcriptional regulator. Further bioinformatic analysis indicated a putative role in regulating the oxidative stress response. A C. jejuni 11168H Cj1556 mutant exhibited increased sensitivity to oxidative and aerobic (O2) stress, decreased ability for intracellular survival in both Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and J774A.1 mouse macrophages and a reduction in virulence in the Galleria mellonella infection model. Microarray analysis of gene expression changes in the Cj1556 mutant compared to the wild-type strain indicated negative autoregulation of Cj1556 expression and down-regulation of genes associated with oxidative and aerobic (O2) stress responses. Cj0248 was originally annotated as a hypothetical protein however the re-annotation identified a HD domain linked to a superfamily of metal-dependent phosphohydrolases with roles in signal transduction in bacteria. Previously a C. jejuni 81-176 Cj0248 mutant was shown to be deficient for motility and chick colonisation, however the exact function of Cj0248 was not investigated. The C. jejuni 11168H Cj0248 mutant also possessed a reduced motility phenotype and exhibited reduced interaction and invasion when co-cultured with Caco-2 IECs compared to the wild-type strain. However the Cj0248 mutant showed no difference in autoagglutination compared to the wild-type strain and TEM analysis indicated the mutant possessed intact flagella. Higher magnification TEM indicated the possibility of an altered flagella basal body region in the Cj0248 mutant. Secretion profile analysis identified no differences in the protein profile of the Cj0248 mutant compared to the wild-type strain. The exact function of Cj0248 remains unclear.
Does eWOM influence destination trust and travel intention: a medical tourism perspective

Abstract Virtual community membership has a strong influence on a tourist’s behaviours and the way information is transmitted. Drawing on trust transfer theory as a theoretical framework, this study tests an empirical model that investigates the influence of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) on destination trust and travel intention. The study also diagnoses gender differences in the proposed model. Data were obtained from a sample of 216 tourists in Cyprus. The findings from regression analyses suggest that eWOM is positively related to travel intention; eWOM is positively related to destination trust; and destination trust is positively related to travel intention. Additionally, the impact of eWOM on destination trust was significant for both genders but stronger for men, while the impact of destination trust on travel intention was stronger for women. The paper extends the existing literature regarding new response variables associated with eWOM.
Social media (SM) use by technology education students on field placement

This study explored the intuitions and usage of social media (SM) for communication and instructional support by information technology (ICT) education students on field placement. A random sampling procedure was used to select 37 pre-service teachers (female = 65%; mean age = 24, SD = 2 years). Students responded to a questionnaire on SMs about enhancing communication and instructional support during field placement. Descriptive statistics were used to profile the student’s use of SM on field placement. The results suggest students use SM for peer mentoring, instructional support by lecturers, social support and creative learning experiments. Results also indicate that SM augment communication and instructional support for ICT students while on field placement.
Endophytic Fungi in Leaves of Bambusa Tuldoides

Endophytic fungi associated with the leaves of Bambusa tuldoides were investigated. Quantitative and qualitative differences were found between the endophyte assemblages from different ages of leaves collected from the upper and lower culm levels. More isolates were recovered from older than from younger leaves, sampled from both the upper and lower culm levels. Leaf tissues with secondary veins supported more endophytes, compared to those with primary veins. There were no significant differences in the communities distributed throughout the leaves.
European pond turtles (Emys orbicularis) as alternative dispersers of “water-dispersed” waterlily (Nymphaea alba)

Abstract Nymphaea alba (white waterlily) is an aquatic plant adapted to dispersal by water. This study assesses the potential of Emys orbicularis (European pond turtle) to disperse seeds undamaged and to contribute to dispersal between isolated water bodies, which cannot be achieved by the standard hydrochorous mode of dispersal. We investigated the effect of seed passage through the turtles' digestive tract on seed viability and germination over a 2-y period. The effect of gut passage differed between seeds germinated in light and in darkness. In light, gut passage delayed germination, both within the first year and between years, but total germination at the end of the study did not differ from that of control seeds. In darkness, gut passage delayed germination within the first year, but accelerated it in the long term, and total germination was higher than that for control seeds. Emys orbicularis can be regarded as a legitimate disperser of Nymphaea alba. The turtles move between different water bodies and can disperse seeds when they do so, which is essential for the colonization or re-colonization of isolated water bodies.
Effect of common feed enzymes on nutrient utilization of monogastric animals

Some nutrients in livestock feed may not be fully digested by animals own digestive enzymes, and hence important nutrients are unavailable to the animal. Although, supplementation of enzymes to farm animals has shown to increase the digestibility of poorly digested diets to a much greater extent. By targeting specific anti-nutrients in certain feed ingredients, feed enzymes allow especially pigs and poultry to extract more nutrients from the feed and so improve feed efficiency. Enzymes are most commonly used when the dietary ingredients contain relatively higher amounts of fiber. The classification of enzymes is usually according to the substrates they act upon and the classification can be enzymes that break down fiber, proteins, starch and phytate. Appropriate use of exogenous enzymes in feeds requires strategic reductions in dietary energy and nutrient content, as well as careful choice of feed ingredients to capture economic benefits of the various enzymes. The efficacy of enzymes will vary depending on ingredients because nutrient and energy release caused by enzyme supplementation will depend on the structure of the feedstuff itself. It is important to continue the effort to understand the use and limitations of matrix values of enzymes, which, if inappropriately applied, will result in depressed performance because of inadequacy of diets or will lead to wastage of resources. Key words: Carbohydrate, monogastric, feed enzymes, phytase, nutrient utilization.
International and supranational law in translation: from multilingual lawmaking to adjudication

This paper analyses the defining features of legal translation in the development of international and supranational law, taking a comparative approach between different organisations, particularly the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the European Union and their respective adjudicative bodies. The scope and communicative conditions of legal translation in such settings are first described, including processes of lawmaking, law application and adjudication. In the legal contextualisation of translational action, emphasis is placed on the interconnection between different sources of law, the hybridity of legal texts and discourses, and the interplay between international and national levels of rulemaking and enforcement. The challenges encountered by the translator in the search for maximum accuracy are then reviewed with a focus on terminological problems, quality assurance and ambiguity. Finally, the examination of linguistic concordance in adjudication procedures further highlights the special contribution of legal translators to the functioning of each international or supranational legal order, and recommendations are made to better acknowledge and benefit from this contribution.