Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical Modeling of Fluid Migration in Hydraulically Fractured Formations

Economic production from low permeability shale gas formations has been made possible by the introduction of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. To ensure that gas production from these formations is optimized and carried out in an environmentally friendly approach, knowledge about the patterns of gas flow in the shale reservoir formation is required. This work presents the development of a shale gas reservoir model for the characterization of flow behavior in hydraulically fractured shale formations. The study also seeks to develop more computationally efficient approaches towards the modeling of complex fracture geometries. The model evaluates the migration patterns of gas in the formations, and investigates the range of physical conditions that favor the direction of gas flux towards the wellbore and decreases the probability of gas escape into the overlying formation. Two conceptual models that bypass the need for explicit fracture domains are utilized for this study, the semi-explicit conceptual model and the fractured continuum model. Fracture complexity is accounted for by modeling induced secondary hydraulic fractures. A novel approach to modeling the secondary fractures, which utilizes asymmetrical fractal representations is also implemented, and the governing equations for flow in the system are solved numerically using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.4b, a finite-element analysis software package. A parametric study is conducted on the reservoir and fracture properties and an assessment of their impacts on the production and formation leak off rates examined. The study results are presented and analyzed using a combination of transient pressure surface maps, production rate data curves and transient velocity distribution maps. Optimization of gas production rates from the studied formation is shown to be achievable by the use of long lateral fractures placed orthogonal to the wellbore. There is a need for an accounting of the distinct fracture systems present in a fractured formation for the accurate prediction of production values
EFL Teachers’ Beliefs about Grammar Teaching within the Communicative Approach 1, 2

The study of teachers’ beliefs is complex and enriching as the results allow us to delve into the teachers’ cognition and create an awareness of their teaching practices in the classroom. This article is the product of research aiming to identify English teachers’ beliefs about grammar teaching within the Communicative Approach in an EFL) context. The theoretical framework of this work is based on the didactics of grammar teaching from the Communicative Approach. To fulfil this objective, a quantitative non-experimental approach was chosen, using a questionnaire to collect data from 35 English teachers, and carrying out an analysis through frequency charts and percentages. The study results showed that teachers had a limited perspective on grammar teaching. However, they considered it an essential aspect of their lessons. Furthermore, they had different beliefs about the approach to present grammar, the use of L1, grammar terminology, and error correction. This latter aspect is one which they emphasized most.
Opinion-based Homogeneity on YouTube Combining Sentiment and Social Network Analysis

When addressing public concerns such as the existence of politically like-minded communication spaces in social media, analyses of complex political discourses are met with increasing methodological challenges to process communication data properly. To address the extent of political like-minded-ness in online communication, we argue that it is necessary to focus not only on ideological homogeneity in online environments, but also on the extent to which specific political questions are discussed in a uniform manner. This study proposes an innovative combination of computational methods, including natural language processing and social network analysis, that serves as a model for future research examining the evolution of opinion climates in online networks. Data were gathered on YouTube, enabling the assessment of users’ expressed opinions on three political issues (i.e., adoption rights for same-sex couples, headscarf rights, and climate change). Challenging widely held assumptions on discursive homogeneity online, the results provide evidence for a moderate level of connections between dissimilar YouTube comments but few connections between agreeing comments. The findings are discussed in light of current computational communication research and the vigorous debate on the prevalence of like-mindedness in online networks.
Stress and Couple Stress Concentration and Plastic Rotation Analysis of Local Micro-structure of Flat Plate

In classical elasticity, the analytical solution of the stress concentration coefficient at the edge of a circular plate hole is 3, but the experimental result is less than 3, and the fatigue theory still has no theoretical answer to the mechanism of fatigue. For the problem that the stress concentration coefficient is less than 3, the stress and couple stress concentration at the hole edge of a circular plate hole is calculated using generalized elasticity. On this basis, the strain-elastic and rotation-plastic theory is put forward, and an example of a flat wedge structure is used to demonstrate the plastic curvature of the contact boundary of different materials to explain the mechanism of fatigue. Through calculation, it is found that there is a stress concentration at the edge of the hole and a couple of stress concentrations, and the stress concentration coefficient decreases with the decrease of the hole diameter. For flat wedge structures, the plastic curvature is mainly concentrated on the contact surface of different materials, and the plastic curvature will increase obviously when the boundary changes. This paper provides a new idea for the development of fatigue theory.
Capillary condensation redistribution (CCR) test: measurement results of 5 materials and comparison to modelling

To improve the accuracy of hygrothermal modelling, a capillary condensation redistribution (CCR) has been proposed to help distribute the share of vapour and liquid conductivity functions based on a wider experimental dataset. This paper aims to provide further data by presenting the CCR test measurement results of 2 calcium silicate (CaSi) boards, 2 aerated autoclaved concrete (AAC) boards and spruce (the latter both perpendicular and parallel to the grain). A variation of the CCR test setup is described. The measurement results agree with those from literature where some of the materials presented here were also tested. Modelling results using previously available material properties are compared to measurement results: none of the AAC and longitudinal spruce material properties can reproduce the moisture content levels achieved in the study, while CCR-optimized CaSi material data is close to the measured results. The best agreement between measurements and modelling of spruce perpendicular to grain are achieved with material properties which discard liquid conductivity and presume increased vapour permeability due to increase of moisture content instead.
University of Birmingham Facilitation and inhibition in attention: Functional dissociation of pre-stimulus alpha activity, P1, and N1 components

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Evaluation of Phosphopolyoxometalates with Mixed Addenda (Mo, W, V) as Corrosion Inhibitors for Steels

Nowadays, choosing a corrosion inhibitor is not only based on efficiency, but must also consider the toxicity of the compound, the impact on the environment, and, obviously, the regulations in the field. In the last two decades, a special class of substances has begun to be studied, namely polyoxometalates (POMs). Their electronic properties and redox characteristics make the polyoxometalates potential candidates to be used in many electrochemical processes, and as potential corrosion inhibitors. Electrochemical methods such as a Tafel extrapolation plot, chronopotentiometry, or gravimetry have been used to establish the capacity of corrosion inhibition of S235 and SS304 steels in the presence of phosphovanadomolibdate acid (@PMoV) and phosphovanadotungstate acid (@PWV) in 0.5 M sulphuric acid solution. The inhibition efficiency for S235 steel is about 90.6% for @PMoV, and 69.5% for @PWV after 24 h of immersion. In the case of SS304 steel, polyoxometalates have similar effects: the inhibition degree, as a function of Flade potential, is 4.66 for @PMoV; better than 3.26 for @PWV, with both proving the passivant effect.
A three-dimensionally preserved aglaspidid euarthropod with a calcitic cuticle from the Ordovician of China

Abstract Aglaspidid euarthropods are usually preserved as flattened carapaces. We here describe a new species and genus, Gogglops ensifer, from the Ordovician Shaanxi Province, China, which shows the best three-dimensional (3D) preservation yet discovered. We show that the cuticle was originally composed of calcium carbonate, except for the visual surfaces of the eyes which were probably originally organic but have been selectively phosphatized. A review is given of the problems pertaining to the original nature of the aglaspidid cuticle. Gogglops is probably closely related to certain poorly known aglaspidid genera from Ordovician deposits of the Siberian Platform. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the new genus is closely related to Aglaspis itself, and securely nested within the clade Aglaspidida.
A SMOOTH PRIMAL-DUAL

We propose a new and low per-iteration complexity ﬁrst-order primal-dual optimization framework for a convex optimization template with broad applications. Our analysis relies on a novel combination of three classic ideas applied to the primal-dual gap function: smoothing, acceleration, and homotopy. The algorithms due to the new approach achieve the best-known convergence rate results, in particular when the template consists of only non-smooth functions. We also outline a restart strategy for the acceleration to signiﬁcantly enhance the practical performance. We demonstrate relations with the augmented Lagrangian method and show how to exploit the strongly convex objectives with rigorous convergence rate guarantees. We provide representative examples to illustrate that the new methods can outperform the state-of-the-art, including Chambolle-Pock, and the alternating direction method-of-multipliers algorithms. We also compare our algorithms with the well-known Nesterov’s smoothing method.
The Attenuation of High‐Frequency Seismic Waves in the Lower Siang Region of Arunachal Himalaya: Qα, Qβ, Qc, Qi, and Qs

In the present study, the scattering and intrinsic attenuation are separated using the S ‐wave attenuation ( Q β ) and coda‐wave attenuation ( Q c ) employing the Wennerberg (1993) method, and the frequency‐dependent Q s and Q i relations have been developed for the region. The Q i and Q s show the frequency‐dependent character in the frequency range 1.5–24 Hz. The average scattering and intrinsic relationships are obtained for the region as Q s =(31±1) f 1.04±0.02, Q s =(48±1) f 1.05±0.02, and Q s =(61±1) f 1.05±0.02 and as Q i =(68±1) f 0.95±0.06, Q i =(134±1) f 1.01±0.05, and Q i =(167±1) f 0.96±0.03 for lapse time windows of 30, 40, and 50 s, respectively. The quality factor for the P wave ( Q α ) and the S wave ( Q β ) are estimated using the extended coda‐normalization method of Yoshimoto et al. (1993). The frequency dependence Q α and Q β relationships are obtained as Q α =(25±1) f (1.24±0.04) for the P wave and Q β =(58±1) f (1.16±0.04) for the S wave. The quality factor for the coda wave ( Q c ) is estimated using the single backscattering model of Aki and Chouet (1975). The comparison of Q β and Q c with Q i and Q s shows that both Q i and Q s are lower than the Q β , as well as Q c , at 30 s lapse time. As the lapse time increases, both Q i and Q s increase in such a manner that Q c will increase because it contains the effects of both. This agrees with the theoretical as well as the laboratory measurements. Also Q c is higher than Q β ; this supports the model given by Zeng et al. (1991), which predicts that the combination of Q i and Q s should be such that Q c is more than Q β .
Geomechanical modelling of fault reactivation in the Cooper Basin, Australia

ABSTRACT The Australian Cooper Basin is a structurally complex intra-cratonic basin with large unconventional hydrocarbon potential. Fracture stimulation treatments are used extensively in this basin to improve the economic feasibility; however, such treatments may induce fault activity and risk the integrity of hydrocarbon accumulations. Fault reactivation may not only encourage tertiary fluid migration but also decrease porosity through cataclasis and potentially compartmentalise the reservoir. Relatively new depth-converted three-dimensional seismic surveys covering the Dullingari and Swan Lake 3D seismic surveys were structurally interpreted and geomechanically modelled to constrain the slip tendency, dilation tendency and fracture stability of faults under the present-day stress. A field-scale pore pressure study found a maximum pressure gradient of 11.31 kPa/m within the Dullingari 3D seismic survey, and 11.14 kPa/m within the Swan Lake 3D seismic survey. The present-day stress tensor was taken from previously published work, and combined with local pore pressure gradients and depth-converted field-scale fault geometries, to conclude that SE–NW-striking strike-slip faults are optimally oriented to reactivate and dilate. High-angle faults striking approximately E–W appear most likely to dilate, and act as fluid conduits irrespective of being modelled under a strike-slip or compressional stress regime. Near-vertical SE–NW and NE–SW-striking faults were modelled to be preferentially oriented to slip and reactivate under a strike-slip stress regime. Considering that SE–NW-striking strike-slip faults have only recently been interpreted in the literature, it is possible that many reservoir simulations and development plans have overlooked or underestimated the effect that fault reactivation may have on reservoir properties. Future work investigating the likelihood that fracture stimulation treatments may be interacting, and reactivating, pre-existing faults and fractures would benefit field development programs utilising high-pressure hydraulic fracture stimulation treatments.
Video Infilling with Rich Motion Prior

Video infilling is a task of generating visually smooth and plausible intermediate frames in between given context frames. The infilling interval is usually large, and thus the intermediate contents to be filled experience significant and non-uniform changes in motion. To handle this challenging task, it is required for the model to learn robust motion dynamics to synthesize rich and plausible motion trajectories in between given contexts. In this work, we demonstrate the possibility of learning rich motion prior for video infilling via masked motion modeling. Our key insight is that the powerful ability of masked autoencoder to capture long-range dependencies could help us model and therefore generate rich and realistic in-between motions. Unlike previous multi-scale optical flow-based video interpolation methods, our framework is simple yet effective in longer-interval and larger-motion cases. In particular, we use the optical flow tokens learned by a pre-trained discrete tokenizer as the reconstruction target in masked motion modeling. With a random masking ratio over 0 . 5 during training, reasonable intermediate optical flows can be predicted by iterative decoding during inference. To demonstrate pixel-level infilling results, a dedicated bi-directional fusion of the warping results is applied. Through experiments conducted on the human action dataset, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in predicting valid and diverse motions between given contexts. Quantitative results of pixel-level evaluation metrics show that our approach can outperform previous state-of-the-art methods even with the naïve fusion results.
Boron affects the yield and quality of nonirrigated pistachio Boron affects the yield and quality of nonirrigated pistachio

: In Turkey, more than 95% of the pistachio ( Pistacia vera L.) orchards are not irrigated. Therefore, a 4-year field trial was conducted to determine the effect of Tarımbor fertiliser (containing 18.5% boron [B]) on the yield, quality, and B content of two pistachio cultivars (‘Uzun’ and ‘Siirt’) planted under nonirrigated conditions. Tarımbor was applied to the pistachio trees as a soil application (0, 200, 400, and 600 g/tree) and a foliar spray (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% w/v, using a tractor-mounted sprayer at the ‘early bud break’ stage and the ‘fully leafed out’ stage). Both the soil and foliar applications of Tarımbor had a significant effect on the pistachio yield, quality, and B content compared with the control. However, the foliar application resulted in greater improvements in the B content of leaves in both cultivars and the split nut ratio and kernel ratio in ‘Uzun’. The greatest increases in yield were observed for the 0.3% foliar application for ‘Uzun’ (30%) and the 200 g/tree soil application for ‘Siirt’ (59%). In terms of quality, the application of Tarımbor appeared to have a greater effect on ‘Uzun’ than on ‘Siirt’. No vegetative symptoms of B toxicity were observed in either cultivar when high concentrations of B were applied. Thus, Tarımbor could be used effectively as a foliar spray to enhance the B levels in the leaves of pistachio trees grown under nonirrigated conditions.
Socioeconomics and

Tourism is one of the economic sectors that can quickly bring in foreign exchange for the country if managed properly and sustainably. Many economic variable factors influence the demand and supply of the tourism industry, especially the level of foreign tourist visits, such as economic growth, exchange rate, and inflation. This study aimed to determine the influence of economic variable factors, especially economic growth, exchange rate, and inflation, on the number of foreign tourist visits in Indonesia. A quantitative descriptive method is used in this study. To analyze the factors influencing the number of foreign tourist visits in Indonesia, independent variables such as economic growth, exchange rate, and inflation are used in the Multiple Linear Regression equation model. The data used in this study is secondary data on annual time series for the period 2001 – 2020. The research result shows that the number of foreign tourist visits in Indonesia is significantly influenced by economic growth and the exchange rate, while inflation has no significant effect. There are still other factors (non-economic) that influence the decision of tourists to visit. Several factors that need to be considered to increase the interest of foreign tourists visits in Indonesia are tourist attractions, accessibility, amenities, ancillary, attractive promotions, and social, political, and security stability.
Disturbance interactions in subalpine forests, their impacts on forest resilience, carbon, and future carbon storage under a variety of management and climate change scenarios

Interactions between multiple disturbances are of special concern in ecology due to their potential for non-linear behavior and long-lasting legacies on landscape structure and function. If multiple disturbances overcome the ecological resilience of a system, alternate stable states are possible. Increases in the frequency and severity of disturbance events as a result of climate change heighten this concern. This study directly addresses the question of ecosystem resilience in the face of multiple disturbances. We investigated a gradient of disturbance interaction severities between two events in a subalpine forest, a 1997 windstorm (variable severity) and a 2002 wildfire (high-severity). A third disturbance, salvage logging of blowdown (1999-2001) prior to the fire, served as a de facto experimental treatment. Ninety-nine study plots were established across the disturbance gradient, including fire-only areas for a baseline fire response. Modeling indicated that the combination of two severe disturbances created novel conditions which exceeded the resilience mechanisms of the system. Modeled mean fire residence time and temperature (First Order Fire Effects Model, FOFEM), as well as mean distance to potential seed sources, increased as a result of the interaction. Regeneration 8 years post-fire was essentially absent in mediumto high-severity blowdown+fire plots, whereas low-severity blowdown+fire and fire-only areas showed strong regeneration. Blowdown+salvage+fire had significantly higher regeneration than areas of comparable blowdown, suggesting that fuel loading drove the interaction. CART analysis supported this hypothesis. Multiple disturbances have the potential to
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

One of the core diagnostic criteria for Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is the presence of visual hallucinations. The presence of hallucinations, along with fluctuations in the level of arousal and sleep disturbance, point to potential pathological mechanisms at the level of the thalamus. However, the potential role of thalamic dysfunction in DLB, particularly as it relates to the presence of formed visual hallucinations is not known. Here, we review the literature on the pathophysiology of DLB with respect to modern theories of thalamocortical function and attempt to derive an understanding of how such hallucinations arise. Based on the available literature, we propose that combined thalamic-thalamic reticular nucleus and thalamocortical pathology may explain the phenomenology of visual hallucinations in DLB. In particular, diminished α7 cholinergic activity in the thalamic reticular nucleus may critically disinhibit thalamocortical activity. Further, concentrated pathological changes within the posterior regions of the thalamus may explain the predilection for the hallucinations to be visual in nature.
Word sense induction for (French) verb valency discovery

We explore the use of Transformers in word sense induction for the automatic construction of a valency dictionary of French verbs. To account for the way the arguments of a verb change depending on its sense, this type of dictionary must distinguish at least the main senses of a lemma. However, constructing such a resource manually is very costly and requires highly trained staff. That is why one important subtask in the construction of this resource is to automatically identify the polysemy of the verbs. For each of the 2,000 most frequent French verbs, we extract the word embeddings of 20,000 of their occurrences in context found with Sketch Engine, and we cluster those embeddings to find the different senses of each verb. In order to identify the language model and clustering algorithm most suited to our task, we extract the word embeddings of the sentences in the FrenchSemEval evaluation dataset with one language-specific model, CamemBERT, and two multilingual models, XLM-RoBERTa and T5. These vectors are then clustered with three different algorithms that do not require a predetermined number of clusters: Affinity Propagation, Agglomerative Clustering and HDBSCAN. Our experiments confirm the potential of unsupervised methods to identify verb senses, and indicate that monolingual language models are better than multilingual ones for word sense induction tasks involving a single language.