Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forecast Uncertainty in the Neighborhood of the Effective Lower Bound: How Much Asymmetry Should We Expect?

The lower bound on interest rates has restricted the impact of conventional monetary policies over recent years and could continue to do so in the near future, with the decline in natural real rates not predicted to reverse any time soon. A binding lower bound on interest rates has consequences not only for point forecasts but also for the entire model forecast distribution. In this paper we investigate the ramifications of the lower bound constraint on the forecast distributions from DSGE models and the implications for risk and uncertainty. To that end we start out by making the case for regime-switching as a framework for imposing the lower bound constraint on interest rates in DSGE models. We then use the framework to investigate the implications of the lower bound constraint on the forecast distributions and try to answer the question of how much asymmetry we should expect when the lower bound binds. The results suggest that: i) a lower bound constraint need not in itself imply asymmetric fan charts, ii) the degree of asymmetry of fan charts depends on various factors such as the degree of interest rate smoothing and the degree of price rigidity, and iii) different approaches to imposing the lower bound yield different results for both the width of the fan charts and their asymmetry.
Prosody outranks syntax: an optimality approach to subject inversion in Bantu relatives

Bantu languages exhibit two different surface word orders in object relative clauses (Demuth & Harford 1999). Some languages (e.g. Sesotho) preserve basic SV word order, while others (e.g. Chishona) exhibit VS word order. Closer analysis reveals that the object relative complementizer in Sesotho is a disyllabic prosodic word, whereas the object relative complementizer in Chishona is a monosyllabic prosodic clitic that triggers verb-raising to C. This paper analyzes these data within the framework of Optimality Theory, showing how morpho-phonological constraints on the prosodic shape of words dominate syntactic constraints on verb movement. These findings appear problematic for recent proposals that syntactic constraints dominate all prosodic constraints, and that prosodic constraints operate only on pairs of equally well-formed syntactic constructions (Golston 1995). Implications for the nature of the prosody-syntax interface are discussed.
Theoretical analysis of a water wave model with a nonlocal viscous dispersive term using the diffusive approach

Abstract In this paper, we study the following water wave model with a nonlocal viscous term: u t + u x + β ⁢ u x ⁢ x ⁢ x + ν π ⁢ ∂ ∂ ⁡ t ⁢ ∫ 0 t u ⁢ ( s ) t - s ⁢ 𝑑 s + u ⁢ u x = ν ⁢ u x ⁢ x , u_{t}+u_{x}+\beta u_{xxx}+\frac{\sqrt{\nu}}{\sqrt{\pi}}\frac{\partial}{% \partial t}\int_{0}^{t}\frac{u(s)}{\sqrt{t-s}}\,ds+uu_{x}=\nu u_{xx}, where 1 π ⁢ ∂ ∂ ⁡ t ⁢ ∫ 0 t u ⁢ ( s ) t - s ⁢ 𝑑 s {\frac{1}{\sqrt{\pi}}\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\int_{0}^{t}\frac{u(s)}{\sqrt{% t-s}}\,ds} is the Riemann–Liouville half-order derivative. We prove the well-posedness of this model using diffusive realization of the half-order derivative, and we discuss the asymptotic convergence of the solution. Also, we compare our mathematical results with those given in [5] and [14] for similar equations.
Preferential Accretion in the Supermassive Black Holes of Milky Way-size Galaxies Due to Direct Feeding by Satellites

Using a new, high-resolution cosmological hydrodynamic simulation of a Milky Way-type (MW-type) galaxy, we explore how a merger-rich assembly history affects the mass budget of the central supermassive black hole (SMBH). We examine a MW-mass halo at the present epoch whose evolution is characterized by several major mergers to isolate the importance of merger history on black hole (BH) accretion. This study is an extension of Bellovary et al. (2013), which analyzed the accretion of high mass, high-redshift galaxies and their central BHs, and found that the gas content of the central BH reflects what is accreted by the host galaxy halo. In this study, we find that a merger-rich galaxy will have a central SMBH preferentially fed by gas accreted through mergers. Moreover, we find that the gas composition of the inner ∼10 kpc of the galaxy can account for the increase of merger-accreted gas fueling the SMBH. Through an investigation of the angular momentum of the gas entering the host and its SMBH, we determine that gas accreted through mergers enters the galaxy halo with lower angular momentum compared to smooth accretion, partially accounting for the preferential fueling witnessed in the SMBH. In addition, the presence of mergers, particularly major mergers, also helps funnel low angular momentum gas more readily to the center of the galaxy. Our results imply that galaxy mergers play an important role in feeding the SMBH in MW-type galaxies with merger-rich histories.
Theoretical confirmation of the polaron model for the Mg acceptor in β-Ga2O3

β-Ga2O3 has recently been considered for power electronics applications but p-type doping is an issue, especially since small hole polarons were predicted and observed in this material. Recently, by using a gap-optimized, Koopmans-compliant hybrid functional, we were able to reproduce the observed charge transition levels of defects, including the hole polaron in the intrinsic material. In this study, the same hybrid functional is used to confirm the assignment of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum observed in Mg-doped β-Ga2O3 samples. The Mg impurity introduces a deep acceptor level in β-Ga2O3 corresponding to a small polaron, localized at an oxygen site adjacent to the substitutional Mg. The so-called O1 site is energetically favored and the superhyperfine interactions with the neighboring tetrahedrally coordinated Ga atom are 1.9 times stronger than with the neighboring octahedrally coordinated Ga. The calculated hyperfine tensor agrees well with the EPR measurement. These results confirm that Mg cannot act as a shallow acceptor in β-Ga2O3. β-Ga2O3 has recently been considered for power electronics applications but p-type doping is an issue, especially since small hole polarons were predicted and observed in this material. Recently, by using a gap-optimized, Koopmans-compliant hybrid functional, we were able to reproduce the observed charge transition levels of defects, including the hole polaron in the intrinsic material. In this study, the same hybrid functional is used to confirm the assignment of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum observed in Mg-doped β-Ga2O3 samples. The Mg impurity introduces a deep acceptor level in β-Ga2O3 corresponding to a small polaron, localized at an oxygen site adjacent to the substitutional Mg. The so-called O1 site is energetically favored and the superhyperfine interactions with the neighboring tetrahedrally coordinated Ga atom are 1.9 times stronger than with the neighboring octahedrally coordinated Ga. The calculated hyperfine tensor agrees well with the EPR measurement. These results confi.
Implementasi pendidikan karakter dalam pembelajaran matematika SMP di Kota Yogyakarta

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi, faktor pendukung dan penghambat penerapan pendidikan karakter dalam pembelajaran matematika SMP di Kota Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian evaluasi model discrepancy model dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif . Penelitian melibatkan sampel sebanyak 22 SMP untuk pengumpulan data kuantitatif dan 6 SMP untuk pengumpulan data kualitatif. Hasil evaluasi dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi pendidikan karakter dalam pembelajaran matematika SMP di Kota Yogyakarta termasuk dalam kategori cukup. Adapun faktor pendukung adalah (1) visi dan misi sekolah; (2) adanya peraturan dan tata tertib yang telah diatur sekolah, (3) dukungan dan kerjasama yang baik antar warga sekolah; (4) kondisi siswa yang memiliki dasar karakter baik; (5) contoh perilaku positif guru sebagai teladan. Sedangkan faktor penghambat adalah (1) guru belum memiliki pemahaman yang memadai tentang konsep pendidikan karakter dalam pembelajaran matematika; (2) guru mengalami kesulitan dalam mengidentifikasi nilai karakter dari kompetensi dasar pada mata pelajaran matematika; (3) guru belum dapat mengimplementasikan pendidikan karakter yang terintegrasi dalam pembelajaran matematika dengan baik; (4) sarana dan prasarana yang belum lengkap; (5) dokumentasi penilaian sikap siswa masih lemah. Character Education Implementation in Mathematics Teaching and Learning of Junior High School in Yogyakarta Abstract The aim of this research was to describe the implementation , supporting factors and obstacles the implementation of character education in mathematics teaching and learning of junior high school in Yogyakarta . This research is an evaluation research discrepancy model with the quantitative and qualitative approach. The study involved 22 samples of SMP for quantitative data collection and 6 SMP for qualitative data collection. The results from this study revealed that character education implementation in mathematics teaching and learning of junior high schools in Yogyakarta was good . S upporting factors were: (1) the vision and mission of the school ; (2) ground rules that have been designed by the schools ; ( 3 ) support and cooperation among school members; ( 4 ) student’s condition who have a basic good character; and ( 5 ) examples of positive behavior of teachers as role models. O bstacles were: (1) teachers do not have enough understanding of character education especially in the implementation in mathematics teaching and learning processes; (2) teacher s have difficulties to identify the character values from the basic competence of mathematics ; (3 ) teachers have not been able to implement character education integrated to mathematics teaching and learning processes properly; (4 ) poor teaching and learning facilities in some schools ; and (5) poor documentation of students’ character assessment.
Swirling flow at vertical shaft spillways with circular piano-key inlets

ABSTRACT Swirling flow at vertical shaft spillways with an innovative geometry, circular piano-key (CPK) inlet, is investigated based on model experimentation. Detailed measurements of head–discharge relationships, threshold submergence, and flow hydraulic characteristics were performed for CPK spillways. Conditions at the beginning of the submergence are analysed, because this situation is related to a condition in which flow instabilities appear on the spillway crest. The results show that the swirling flow strength for flow through the CPK spillway is several times lower than that for simple shaft spillways. This structure yields excellent hydraulic performance, e.g. increasing the weir overflow length by at least 200% without changing the global size of the shaft spillway, thereby increasing the flow discharge up to six times compared with a simple shaft spillway. Finally, two correlations are derived for determining the threshold submergence depth and discharge coefficient of CPK spillways.
Incidence Rates and Risk Factors of Covid-19 Reinfections from March 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022 in A General Medicine office in Toledo, Spain

Background: The possibility of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in covid-19 survivors is known, but the rate and associated risk and protective factors remain unclear. Objectives: 1. Determine incidence rate of covid-19 re-infections in GP consultation; 2. Assess the risk and protective factors to present covid-19 re-infections. Methodology: An observational, longitudinal and prospective study of Covid-19 re-infections was conducted from March 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022, in a general medicine office in Toledo, Spain. Results: 43 patients were included. The raw rate of re-infections over the total number of first infections was 10% x 28 months. The only variables with statistical significance as a risk or protective factor for reinfection were: Chronic respiratory disease (RR= 2.11, Moderate risk), and age >= 65 years (RR= 0.28, Protection factor effectively). Conclusion: In the general practice setting in Toledo, Spain, we found a moderately high rate of reinfection, a higher risk in patients with chronic respiratory diseases, and a lower risk in people >= 65 years. These data are probably influenced by the decrease in natural and vaccine immunity over time, by the appearance of new variants, and by the level of compliance with preventive measures. These findings underscore: 1) the importance of booster vaccination for protection against emerging variants; and 2) reinfection is not only a matter of the immune system, but also of relationships with our environment.
OVERVIEW, VOL 14, ISSUE 1

treatment-associated differences in remodeling markers. µCT analyses at the femur showed that Sost-ab was associated with higher trabecular bone volume and higher cortical thickness in wildtype mice at both ages and in growing OI mice, but not in adult OI mice. Three-point bending tests of the femur showed that in wildtype but not in OI mice, Sost-ab was associated with higher ultimate load and work to failure. Quantitative backscattered electron imaging of the femur did not show any effect of Sost-ab on CaPeak regardless of genotype, age or measurement location. Thus, Sost-ab had a larger effect in wildtype than in Col1a1Jrt/+mice. The data suggest that Sost-ab is less effective in severe OI mouse model
Large-scale analysis of sheep rumen metagenome pro�les captured by reduced representation sequencing reveals individual pro�les are in�uenced by the environment and genetics of the host

to capture metagenomic information, they showed that RE-RRS was suitably high-throughput for potential adoption by the livestock industry. In our current study, we applied this technique to thousands of sheep rumen samples, which allowed further assessment of this technique and afforded the opportunity to look at the major factors in�uencing rumen metagenome pro�les in sheep. We have shown that RE-RRS is a robust method that works across rumen samples collected from sheep on a variety of diets, a range of ages, different times off feed
Do Your Own Research: How Searching Online to Evaluate Misinformation Can Increase Its Perceived Veracity

With misinformation introducing challenges in domains ranging from public health to democratic governance, signiﬁcant attention has been paid to understanding the spread of and belief in online misinformation, with a particular focus on social media platforms. However, the dominant role of search engines in the digital information ecosystem remains under-explored, even though the use of online search to evaluate the veracity of false or misleading news is a central component of media literacy interventions encouraged by technology companies, government agencies, and civil society organizations alike. While conventional wisdom suggests that searching online when evaluating the veracity of misinformation would reduce belief in it, there is little empirical evidence with which to evaluate this claim. Across ﬁve experiments, we present consistent evidence that online search to evaluate the truthfulness of false news articles increases the probability of believing misinformation, in some cases by up to 26%. To shed light on this relationship, we combine survey and digital trace data, collected using a custom browser extension, to investigate the cause. We ﬁnd that the search eﬀect is concentrated among individuals for whom search engines return low-quality information. Our results demonstrate that those who search online to evaluate misinformation risk falling into data voids, or informational spaces where there is plenty of corroborating evidence from low-quality sources. Our ﬁndings highlight the need for media literacy programs to ground their recommendations in empirically tested interventions and search engines to invest in solutions to the challenges identiﬁed here. Building oﬀ of this, media literacy programs should replace a general focus on online search with more targeted techniques that teach individuals how to use proper search terms and identify quality news sources.
Human Body Shape Completion with Implicit Shape and Flow Learning

In this paper, we investigate how to complete human body shape models by combining shape and flow estimation given two consecutive depth images. Shape completion is a challenging task in computer vision that is highly under-constrained when considering partial depth observations. Besides model based strategies that exploit strong priors, and consequently struggle to preserve fine geometric details, learning based approaches build on weaker assumptions and can benefit from efficient implicit representations. We adopt such a representation and explore how the motion flow between two consecutive frames can contribute to the shape completion task. In order to effectively exploit the flow information, our architecture combines both estimations and implements two features for robustness: First, an all-to-all attention module that encodes the correlation between points in the same frame and between corresponding points in different frames; Second, a coarse-dense to fine-sparse strategy that balances the representation ability and the computational cost. Our experiments demonstrate that the flow actually benefits human body model completion. They also show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches for shape completion on 2 benchmarks, considering different human shapes, poses, and clothing.
Voice onset time (VOT) of L3 Spanish /ptk/ by multilingual heritage speakers of Ukrainian and Polish

EN This study provides an acoustic analysis of voice onset time (VOT) of voiceless stops /ptk/ in Spanish, produced by heritage speakers (HSs) of Ukrainian and of Polish who are English-dominant and beginner or intermediate learners of Spanish as a third language (L3). Given that both Ukrainian and Polish, like Spanish and unlike English, are characterized by short-lag VOT, data were collected from six Ukrainian HSs and 11 Polish HSs in their heritage language (HL), in English, and in Spanish to compare potential effects of the HL on L3 VOT production. VOT was analyzed in three task types. The goals were: 1) to determine whether VOT values produced in Spanish by Ukrainian and Polish HSs are more reflective of VOTs in the HL or in English, and 2) to determine the effect of task type on VOT. Data show that Ukrainian and Polish HSs’ VOTs in Spanish are shorter than those of L2 Spanish learners whose L1 is English, indicating a HL rather than dominant language influence on L3 VOT. Results suggest that the most crucial factors in L3 phonological acquisition are: 1) structural similarity between HL and L3, and 2) L3 proficiency (not language dominance). VOT was also affected by task type: like L1 Spanish speakers, VOT of Ukrainian HSs increases as task formality increases. This paper fills research gaps in HL and L3 phonetics/phonology as to the effects of a HL on the acquisition of subsequent sound systems in adulthood
Validation of the Adolescent Social Identity Measure: Adolescents’ Perception of Themselves in a Social Context

Social identity is an important social determinant of student outcomes such as mental health and well-being. Currently, no validated social identity measures exist for adolescents in secondary school settings. A new ‘Adolescent Social Identity’ measure was developed by adapting two social identity dimensions from a validated reputation enhancement scale. The Social Identity Measure comprises two scales of 10 items each to measure how adolescents think their peers view them (e.g., reputational status) in terms of their conforming and nonconforming behaviour (Self-perception of Public Self) and how adolescents would ideally like to be viewed (Ideal Public Self) by peers. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted along with assessments of reliability, validity, and measurement invariance. Conforming and Nonconforming subscales for both scales were shown to be reliable, valid, and invariant across age and gender groupings. There were significant but small differences in the latent means for gender.
An investigation of the use of ethyl chloride and meloxicam to decrease the pain associated with a single or double incision method of castration in piglets

Castration is a stressful and painful procedure that can impact swine welfare negatively. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the effect of one incision compared to two incisions and the use of a topical vapocoolant (VAPO; ethyl chloride; a topical anesthetic) applied before castration and (2) evaluate the most effective combination in reducing pain in objective 1 and the use of Metacam®; meloxicam before castration on measures of performance, behavior, and physiology. Study 1 consisted of six treatment groups (N = 27 pigs per treatment) and included: nothing (NO); sham castrated (SH); one incision castration (C1); one incision castration plus VAPO (C1V); two incision castration (C2); two incision castration plus VAPO (C2V). Body weights and blood samples were taken at baseline and other time points after castration. Behavior measures were collected for 24 h after castration. Wound scores were collected daily for 10 days. The C1 pigs and C1V pigs were significantly heavier than the other castrated treatment groups but not different from NO and SH pigs. Vocalizations were louder for C1 and C1V pigs (P = 0.0015). Study 2 (N = 40 pigs per treatment) included: nothing (NO); one incision castration (C1); and one incision castration plus meloxicam administered 15 min before castration (C1M). The same measures (performance, behavior, and physiology) were collected as in Study 1. Performance measures and behavior did not differ among treatment groups. Physiological measures were only different for red blood cells (RBC; P = 0.0304). Pigs in C1 and C1M treatment groups had cortisol concentrations that were greater than the NO treatment group at 15 min post-castration (P < 0.05). The data collected give insight into the benefits of one-incision castration compared to 2-incision castration. However, the data only support a lower-level relief from acute pain associated with castration, as it is evident that pigs still experience stress at 15 min post-castration with or without the use of meloxicam. Further research could potentially identify the correct timing, route and dose for the administration of meloxicam.