Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting Native Freshwater Fishes Using Novel Non-invasive Methods

Improving the ability to detect and quantify rare freshwater fishes in remote locations is of growing conservation concern, as the distributions of many native fishes are contracting to such locations where there are reduced anthropogenic and invasive species pressures. However, conventional sampling methods, e.g., backpack electrofishing and seines, tend to be heavy and bulky, thereby making them difficult to transport into remote areas with no road access. These conventional sampling methods also require physical handling of fishes, which may cause stress, harm, and mortality–all undesirable side effects for rare fishes. Thus, visual observation methods, such as underwater camera and snorkel surveys, and environmental DNA (eDNA), that are easily transportable and do not require physical handling of fishes, are being more frequently used in freshwater ecosystems. However, there have been few studies on the relative effectiveness of these three methods for detecting and quantifying freshwater fishes. In this study, the species-specific detection probabilities between the three methods, and abundance estimates derived from the visual observation methods were compared, and their utility for sampling rare fishes in remote locations in South Africa was evaluated. Underwater cameras and snorkel surveys detected slightly different species within a fish community. For the redfins, the detection probability using underwater cameras (0.96, SD = 0.03) was highest, followed by snorkel surveys (0.93, SD = 0.05), and eDNA (0.70, SD = 0.21). The visual observation methods were positively correlated with pool length, while eDNA was negatively correlated with turbidity. For Cape Kurper, the detection probability using underwater cameras (0.75, SD = 0.15) was highest, followed by snorkel surveys (0.68, SD = 0.16), and eDNA (0.64, SD = 0.19); all three methods were negatively affected by water turbidity. It is recommended that decisions on which sampling method to use in remote locations should depend on whether the study requires population- or community-level information, spatial scale required, and resource availability, as each method has its own strengths and weaknesses. Generally, eDNA is the most expensive method and requires specialized facilities and equipment, while underwater cameras require video analyses that are more time consuming to analyze than snorkel surveys.
Onlife Extremism: Dynamic Integration of Digital and Physical Spaces in Radicalization

This article argues that one should consider online and offline radicalization in an integrated way. Occasionally, the design of some counter-measure initiatives treats the internet and the “real” world as two separate and independent realms. New information communication technologies (ICTs) allow extremists to fuse digital and physical settings. As a result, our research contends that radicalization takes place in onlife spaces: hybrid environments that incorporate elements from individuals’ online and offline experiences. This study substantiates this claim, and it examines how algorithms structure information on social media by tracking users’ online and offline activities. Then, it analyzes how the Islamic State promoted onlife radicalization. We focus on how the Islamic State used Telegram, specific media techniques, and videos to connect the Web to the territories it controlled in Syria. Ultimately, the article contributes to the recalibration of the current debate on the relationship between online and offline radicalization on a theoretical level and suggests, on a practical level, potential counter measures.
Dysregulated CD4+ T Cells and microRNAs in Myocarditis

Myocarditis is a polymorphic disease complicated with indeterminate etiology and pathogenesis, and represents one of the most challenging clinical problems lacking specific diagnosis and effective therapy. It is caused by a complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors, and causal links between dysregulated microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) and myocarditis have also been supported by recent epigenetic researches. Both dysregulated CD4+ T cells and miRNAs play critical roles in the pathogenesis of myocarditis, and the classic triphasic model of its pathogenesis consists of the acute infectious, subacute immune, and recovery/chronic myopathic phase. CD4+ T cells are key pathogenic factors underlying the development and progression of myocarditis, and the effector and regulatory subsets, respectively, promote and inhibit autoimmune responses. Furthermore, the reciprocal interplay of these subsets influences the pathogenesis as well. Dysregulated miRNAs along with their mRNA and protein targets have been identified in heart biopsies (intracellular miRNAs) and body fluids (circulating miRNAs) during myocarditis. These miRNAs show phase-dependent changes, and correlate with viral infection, immune status, fibrosis, destruction of cardiomyocytes, arrhythmias, cardiac functions, and outcomes. Thus, miRNAs are promising diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in myocarditis. In this review, we review myocarditis with an emphasis on its pathogenesis, and present a summary of current knowledge of dysregulated CD4+ T cells and miRNAs in myocarditis.
Fish Diversity in the Andharmanik River Sanctuary in Bangladesh

Abstract Loss of fish biodiversity, especially in the inland and coastal areas, is a major concern in sustainable fish production. Indiscriminate fish catch, climate change and many other anthropogenic activities synergistically affect fish biodiversity. To formulate a sustainable fish biodiversity conservation plan, fish biodiversity in the Andharmanik River, a 40-km-long Hilsa shad sanctuary in the southern part of Bangladesh, was assessed. The study was conducted to understand the status of fish species diversity through sampling in three sampling stations between December 2014 and November 2015. A total of 93 fish species were found belonging to 66 genera, 45 families and 14 orders. Perciformes (27.65%) was found to be the most dominant order, followed by Cypriniformes (20.21%), Siluriformes (21.28%) Clupeiformes (7.45%) Mastacembeliformes (4.26%) and Channiformes (4.26%). Out of the 93 fish species of the river, the percentage compositions of the vulnerable, endangered, critically endangered and not threatened were found to be 14%, 11%, 6% and 59%, respectively. Four population indices viz. Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index (H), Simpson’s dominance index (D), Simpson’s index of diversity (1-D) and Margalef’s index (d) were applied to demonstrate species diversity, richness and evenness of fish species in sampling areas, and the overall values of the indices were 2.70-3.51, 0.10-0.12, 0.88-0.90 and 7.84-8.19, respectively. The main threats to fish biodiversity were reviewed and the measures for fish biodiversity conservation of the river recommended. Indiscriminate fishing using biodiversity destructive gears, as well as losing hydrological and ecological connectivity with the surrounding habitats, were identified as major threats to biodiversity in the Andharmanik River. Effective sanctuary-based co-management, immediate actions for habitat enhancement to conserve and improve fish biodiversity in the river were recommended. Necessary steps to improve hydrological and ecological connectivity for habitat protection and elimination of all destructive fishing gears in order to conserve biodiversity in the Andharmanik River were also suggested.
Meat quality characteristics of high dairy genetic-merit Holstein, standard dairy genetic-merit Friesian and Charolais x Holstein-Friesian steers

Abstract The increased use of Holstein genetic material in the Irish dairy herd has consequences for beef production. In all, 42 spring-born steers [14 Holsteins (HO), 14 Friesian (FR) and 14 Charolais × Holstein-Friesian (CH)] were reared to slaughter at between 26 and 37 mo of age. Carcass weight was higher and the lipid concentration of m. longissimus thoracis et lumborum was lower (P < 0.05) for CH than the dairy breeds. Overall acceptability tended to be lower (P = 0.055) while tenderness, texture and chewiness were lower (P < 0.05) for CH compared with the dairy breeds. The proportion of C16:1 in the total lipid tended to be lower (P = 0.055) for CH than the dairy breeds. Replacing male offspring of traditional “Irish” Friesian bulls with offspring from a genetically superior (from a dairy perspective) strain of Holstein bull had no commercially important impact on beef nutritional or eating quality.
D-Dimers, Potential Predictive Factor of Survival in Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patient with Diabetes

Abstract Determination of plasma level of D-dimers in patient with acute ischemic stroke can be used as a potential predictor of survival and correlated with the degree of disability of the patient. This study shows a correlation between the serum level of D-dimers in the diabetic patients with acute ischemic stroke, which may result that the level of D-dimers could be a good predictor of survival in acute ischemic stroke but not a predictor of disability and prognosis.
Association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head: An update meta-analysis

Abstract Objective To investigate the correlation between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Methods Open published studies relevant to MTHFR C677T polymorphism and non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head were electronic systematic searched in the databases of cochrane central register of controlled trials, EMBSE and CNKI. The correlation between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head was calculated by odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI). The publication bias for the included studies were assessed by Begg’s funnel plot and Egger’s line regression text. Results After systematic searching the electronic databases, 11 original studies were finally included the present work. The I2 test indicated significant statistical heterogeneity (I2=53.5%, P=0.018) across the included 11 publications. The polled results indicated that subjects of Caucasians with CC genotype had decreased risk of developing non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (OR=0.65,95%CI: 0.44-0.96, P=0.031). However, there was no correlations between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head in American Jewish and East Asian races(p>0.05). Sensitivity analysis indicated the pooled ORs were not sensitive to any included single study. The Begg’s funnel plot was generally left and right symmetrical which indicated no obviously publications. The Egger’s line regression test also demonstrated no statistical publication bias (t=1.57, P=0.15). Conclusion According to the present evidence, MTHFR C677T polymorphism was correlated with non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head especially for Caucasians race. Subjects of Caucasians race with CC genotype had decreased risk of developing non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
A need for an update of Polish birth weight reference norms

Abstract The indicators of perinatal outcome are birth weight and gestational age. The standard method of assessing the outcome is comparing the newborn’s birth weight with the reference system, presented in the form of percentile charts. Acceleration or delay in prenatal development, which are associated with environmental changes, stress the need to validate the developmental norms. The goal of this study is to evaluate the need to construct new and accurate reference standards. The study includes data of newborns from singleton pregnancies: 4919 born in 2000 and 3683 born in 2015. Study variables included gestational age, sex, and birth weight. Percentile values estimated for two groups of infants born in years separated by a 15-year period, born in 2000 and in 2015, were compared. Birth weight percentiles, from the 28th to the 42nd week of gestation, were calculated using the Lambda Mu Sigma method. Estimated values revealed the birth weight standards in different weeks of gestational age for both years: 2000 and 2015. Comparison among medians estimated for infants born in these years showed the existence of significant differences among boys in the 28th, 36th, and 39th weeks and among girls in the 34th and 41st weeks of gestational age. As the period between the two measurements involves several years, environmental changes during this time period might have significantly affected the course of pregnancy and thus the birth weight. Hence, there is a need to validate the developmental norms. The reference standards should be renewed, and must be done on a periodical basis.
Analisis Learning Continuum Tingkat SD Sampai SMP pada Tema Sistem Pencernaan Manusia

Hasil analisis yang dilakukan dalam kajian ini adalah tema sistem pencernaan manusia dalam ruang lingkup Makhluk Hidup dan Proses Kehidupan untuk tingkat Sekolah Dasar dengan Standar Kompetensi 1.Mengidentifikasi fungsi organ tubuh manusia dan hewan, dan Kompetensi Dasar 1.3 Mengidentifikasi fungsi organ pencernaan manusia dan hubungannya dengan makanan dan kesehatan. Pencapaian pembelajaran tingkat Sekolah Dasar sampai pada mengenal dan mengidentifikasi struktur sistem pencernaan manusia (mulut, kerongkongan, lambung, usus halus, usus besar, rektum dan anus) (C1: Faktual), Memahami struktur sistem pencernaan manusia (mulut, kerongkongan, lambung, usus halus, usus besar, rektum dan anus (C2: Konseptual); Mengaitkan hubungan antara organ pencernaan, makanan dan kesehatan) (C3: Konseptual). Sementara untuk tingkat Sekolah Menengah Pertama tema pembahasan pada KD 1.4 mendeskripsikan sistem pencernaan pada manusia dan hubungannya dengan kesehatan dengan masing-masing indikator terdiri atas mengetahui gangguan pencernaan makanan (C1: Faktual), mengetahuai proses pencernaan makanan dari mulut hingga anus (C2: Konseptual), menjelaskan proses pencernaan makanan dari mulut hingga anus (C3: Konseptual), menganalisis Menganalisis hubungan antara organ-organ sistem pencernaan dan makanan serta kesehatan (misal: mulut: gigi (memecah makanan), lidah (membantu menelan), usus halus: menyerap makanan, anus (mengeluarkan sisa makanan) (C4: Prosedural), Menyimpulkan proses pencernaan makanan dari mulut hingga anus serta hubungannya dengan kesehatan (C5: Konseptual).
Fast paraphrase extraction in Ancient Greek literature

Abstract In this paper, A shorter version of the paper appeared in German in the final report of the Digital Plato project which was funded by the Volkswagen Foundation from 2016 to 2019. [35], [28]. we present a method for paraphrase extraction in Ancient Greek that can be applied to huge text corpora in interactive humanities applications. Since lexical databases and POS tagging are either unavailable or do not achieve sufficient accuracy for ancient languages, our approach is based on pure word embeddings and the word mover’s distance (WMD) [20]. We show how to adapt the WMD approach to paraphrase searching such that the expensive WMD computation has to be computed for a small fraction of the text segments contained in the corpus, only. Formally, the time complexity will be reduced from O ( N · K 3 · log K )\mathcal{O}(N\cdot {K^{3}}\cdot \log K) to O ( N + K 3 · log K )\mathcal{O}(N+{K^{3}}\cdot \log K), compared to the brute-force approach which computes the WMD between each text segment of the corpus and the search query. N is the length of the corpus and K the size of its vocabulary. The method, which searches not only for paraphrases of the same length as the search query but also for paraphrases of varying lengths, was evaluated on the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae® (TLG®) [25]. The TLG consists of about 75 · 10 6 75\cdot {10^{6}} Greek words. We searched the whole TLG for paraphrases for given passages of Plato. The experimental results show that our method and the brute-force approach, with only very few exceptions, propose the same text passages in the TLG as possible paraphrases. The computation times of our method are in a range that allows its application in interactive systems and let the humanities scholars work productively and smoothly.
What have the revelations about Neanderthal DNA revealed about Homo sapiens?

Abstract Genetic studies have presented increasing indications about the complexity of the interactions between Homo sapiens, Neanderthals and Denisovans, during Pleistocene. The results indicate potential replacement or admixture of the groups of hominins that lived in the same region at different times. Recently, the time of separation among these hominins in relation to the Last Common Ancestor – LCA has been reasonably well established. Events of mixing with emphasis on the Neanderthal gene flow into H. sapiens outside Africa, Denisovans into H. sapiens ancestors in Oceania and continental Asia, Neanderthals into Denisovans, as well as the origin of some phenotypic features in specific populations such as the color of the skin, eyes, hair and predisposition to develop certain kinds of diseases have also been found. The current information supports the existence of both replacement and interbreeding events, and indicates the need to revise the two main explanatory models, the Multiregional and the Out-of-Africa hypotheses, about the origin and evolution of H. sapiens and its co-relatives. There is definitely no longer the possibility of justifying only one model over the other. This paper aims to provide a brief review and update on the debate around this issue, considering the advances brought about by the recent genetic as well as morphological traits analyses.
Migration and Forsaken Schooling in Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan

Abstract Large international earnings differentials negatively impact human capital investments in migrant-origin countries. We find that three Central Asian migrant-sending countries—the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Tajikistan, and the Republic of Uzbekistan—are facing a forsaken schooling phenomenon. Once completing their compulsory schooling, young people in these countries are forsaking additional schooling because of opportunities to migrate to high-paying low-skilled jobs in the Russian Federation. The countries face a loss in human capital formation.
Effects of Kaolin Clay Application on Flower Bud Development, Fruit Quality and Yield, and Flower Thrips [Frankliniella spp. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)] Populations of Blueberry Plants

SUMMARY Three separate studies were conducted to report the effects of kaolin applications (Surround WP) on southern highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and rabbiteye (V. ashei Reade) blueberries. When applied to mature blueberry plants, kaolin clay emulsion dried to form a white reflective film and affected bud development, fruit set and development, plant growth, and fruit yield, but had no effect on fruit quality parameters. When kaolin was applied before fruit set, yield was increased with no significant residue left on the fruit. Surround WP consistently reduced the number of flower thrips (Frankliniella spp.) within the canopy of rabbiteye blueberry plants by approximately 50%. Kaolin applications were not phytotoxic to blueberry buds, flowers, leaves, or fruit and were harmless to foraging bees.
Incidence of the Winemaking Technique on Metal Content and Phenolic Composition of Red Wines

The influence of different winemaking techniques usually used to elaborate red wines (Ganimede, prefermentative maceration, pectolytic enzymes and tannins addition, oak chips addition, delestage, and conventional procedure) on the metal content was evaluated. Linear discriminant analysis was also used to characterize the respective wines based on the metal content. By using iron, manganese, and calcium as chemical descriptors, the six winemaking techniques were perfectly discriminated. As the phenolic composition is an important quality factor in red wines, a correlation study between phenolic compounds and metals was also performed. A good correlation has been found for iron, calcium, and potassium with total polyphenols, tannins, and flavanols reactive. Iron, zinc, calcium, and potassium showed a significant correlation with anthocyanin compounds. Furthermore, higher concentrations of iron and calcium, but lesser ones of potassium, permitted to obtain red wines with a greater chromatic intensity.
Morbidities, Rate and Time Trends of Neonatal Mortality in Dilchora Referral Hospital, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia, 2012-2017

Introduction: The study assessed causes of admission, the rate and time trends of neonatal mortality in DilChora referral hospital, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia, 2013-2017. Methods: A hospital based 5 years retrospective study was conducted among neonates admitted to NICU from January 1/2013 to September 10/2017 in DilChora hospital, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia. Data was abstracted from Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Registration logbook by four data collectors. It was coded, and entered in to Epi Data version 3.02 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the frequency, mean and standard deviations. Results: A total of 3418 neonates were admitted to NICU from January 1/2013 to September 10/2017 and 391 neonatal deaths were registered. This indicated that the overall neonatal mortality rate was 11.44%. Suspected sepsis (35.31%), prematurity (19.05%), respiratory distress (15.27%) and perinatal asphyxia (12.73) were the leading causes of admission (more than 82%) to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The major causes of neonatal mortality were complications of prematurity 97 (24.8%), infection 125 (31.97%) and birth asphyxia (22.25%). Neonatal mortality rate in NICU had sharp decline from 2013 to 2015, but the after it was almost constant and slightly increasing. Conclusion: Suspected sepsis, prematurity, respiratory distress and perinatal asphyxia were the leading causes of admission to NICU while sepsis, prematurity and birth asphyxia were the major causes of neonatal deaths. There was steady little declining in neonatal mortality between 2013 and 2015, but then after, it was slightly increasing up to 2017.Future studies are required to investigate the factors contributing to the neonatal mortality and trends in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. (Less)