Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of endomycorrhizae and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans with sulfur and phosphorus nutrition on onion (Allium cepa L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) plants under field conditions.

Aim: To evaluate the effects of endomycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and sulfur oxidizing bacteria as biofertilizers in presence of phosphors and sulfur as mineral nutrients on onion (Allium cepa L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) plants under field conitions. Study Design: Identification of the used bacterial isolate and applied with endomycorrhizae individually or mixed culture as bioinoculum for onion and maize plants grown in sandy soil under field conditions. Methodology: sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene was applied to identify the bacterial isolate. Two field experiments were carried out in sandy soil to study the effect of AMF and the sulfur oxidizing bacterium individually or combination with the recommended dose of N, K and P (as rock phosphate or super phosphate) with or without sulphur element, on some growth parameters, Original Research Article Eweda et al.; BMRJ, 9(2): 1-15, 2015; Article no.BMRJ. 15966 2 nutrients content and yield parameter of maize and onion crops . Results: Results indicated that the bacterial isolate A1 was identified as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans based upon the 99% of sequence similarity of 16S rRNA gene with the reference strain. Field experiments revealed that after 60 and 90 days, inoculation of onion plants with dual inoculation induced significant response in nutrient content, but this response was found after 90 days in case of maize plant. The maximum data of the sulphur oxidizing bacterial count, dehydrogenase activity and CO2 evolution in the rhizosphere were obtained after 60 days of cultivation for onion and after 90 days with maize plants. Inoculation with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans A1+ AMF in amended soil with NK + S + R.P gave the best results in N, P and K content of onion crop, bulbs weight and pyruvic acid content. For maize plant, data indicated that added recommended dose of nitrogen, potassium, sulphur and rock phosphate (NK+S+R.P) with AMF + Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans A1 inoculant led to highest significant increases of nitrogen , phosphours and potassium contents compared to other treatments. Also, there were high significant increases in dry weight of 100 seeds, ear weight and its nutrients content with the abovementioned treatment. Conclusion: The dual application of a mixture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans A1 seems to have the most pronounced effect on quality and quantity of onion bulbs and yield of maize plants with the recommended dose of sulphur and rock phosphate fertilizers in sandy soil.
Bioinformatical and experimental analysis of gene expression regulation through RNAi and alternative polyadenylation

Polyadenylation signals in yeast are not very well defined and are believed to be largely degenerate. Here, we present a computational and experimental genome-wide analysis of polyadenylation signals in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe) , identifying the canonical AATAAA motif as the most frequent and functional signal. RNA-Seq data from cells grown under various physiological conditions were used to map 3’UTRs, which classify as commonly heterogenic. We have shown that many genes have alternative 3’UTRs. Our results are summarised and can be accessed in a user-friendly online database Pomb(A) . It has been shown that convergent genes require trans elements, like Cohesin, for efficient transcription termination. We demonstrate that convergent genes lacking Cohesin are generally associated with longer overlapping transcripts. Furthermore, we analysed ChIP-chip data of Rad21 and Mis4 as well as other Cohesin and loading complex subunits and show that regions of Rad21/Mis4 co-localisation are generally associated with highly transcribed genes. They are also cohesive, while sites with Rad21 only are less cohesive. Rad21/Mis4 co-localisation sites are in close proximity to annotated origins of replication, suggesting that cohesive sites may facilitate replication. microRNAs (miRNAs) are well studies in higher eukaryotes and participate on post-transcriptional gene silencing by degrading target mRNA or blocking translation. It is believed that miRNAs do not exist in yeast. We reanalyzed miRNA presence in yeast using recently available small RNA data sets. Potential miRNA genes and targets in S. pombe were computationally predicted based on the described alternative 3’UTR data and further experimentally tested. Dicer is an enzyme, which recognizes long dsRNA substrates and cleaves them into siRNA e↵ector molecules, essential for gene silencing. Dicer has been thought to be a purely cytoplasmic protein. However, we employed ChIP-Seq and dsRNA RNA-Seq data to show that Dicer localises in the nucleus of mammalian cells and associates with the chromatin on numerous loci. Furthermore, we present evidence that Dicer processes long dsRNA into siRNA in the nucleus and the lack of Dicer causes the accumulation of long dsRNA. This consequently induces the interferon response pathway, which ultimately leads to apoptosis and cell death.
The role of abiotic conditions in shaping the long‐term patterns of a high‐elevation Argentine ant invasion

Analysis of long‐term patterns of invasion can reveal the importance of abiotic factors in influencing invasion dynamics, and can help predict future patterns of spread. In the case of the invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile), most prior studies have investigated this species’ limitations in hot and dry climates. However, spatial and temporal patterns of spread involving two ant populations over the course of 30 years at a high elevation site in Hawaii suggest that cold and wet conditions have influenced both the ant's distribution and its rate of invasion. In Haleakala National Park on Maui, we found that a population invading at lower elevation is limited by increasing rainfall and presumably by associated decreasing temperatures. A second, higher elevation population has spread outward in all directions, but rates of spread in different directions appear to have been strongly influenced by differences in elevation and temperature. Patterns of foraging activity were strongly tied to soil temperatures, supporting the hypothesis that variation in temperature can influence rates of spread. Based on past patterns of spread, we predicted a total potential range that covers nearly 50% of the park and 75% of the park's subalpine habitats. We compared this rough estimate with point predictions derived from a degree‐day model for Argentine ant colony reproduction, and found that the two independent predictions match closely when soil temperatures are used in the model. The cold, wet conditions that have influenced Argentine ant invasion at this site are likely to be influential at other locations in this species’ current and future worldwide distribution.
Cytochemical Localization of Hydrogen Peroxide in Lignifying Cell Walls

The presence of endogenous H2O2 was demonstrated at the electron microscope level with the CeCl3 technique in lignifying cell walls of poplar. Reaction product was precisely located in the very same walls which could oxidize hydrogen donors in the absence of exogeneous H2O2. As evidenced by these results, peroxidases are truly involved in the polymerisation of lignin monomers even if other oxidases may participate in this biosynthetic pathway.
Chemical and nutrition evaluation of the seed kernel of Balanites aegyptiaca

The seed kernel of Balanites Aegyptiaca has been evaluated chemically and nutritionally. The crude protein, crude fat and total carbohydrate content of the seed kernel were 35.26g, 48.82g and 12.56g per 100g dry weight respectively. The caloric value was 630.66cal per 100g dry weight. The seed is a rich source of potassium, calcium and iron. Amino acid analysis of the seed showed high levels of l eucine, Isoleucine, threonine, cycteine, phenylalanine and lysine . Metheonine seemed to be the limiting amino acid with a chemical score of 34.10%. The protein efficiency ration (PER) and net protein ratio (NPR) for the boiled seed kernel (0.18 and 1.09 respectively) were significantly higher (P<0.05) than the values for unboiled seed kernel (-0.61 and 0.40 respectively). The seed kernel may be a good source of protein in livestock feeds. KEY WORD : Balanites aegyptiaca , seed kernel, chemical composition, Amino acid content
Note on Apstein's parasites and some very early larval platyhelminthes

The paper by Apstein (1911) is the only previous work known to me which is concerned with parasites of marine pelagic Crustacea in general, chiefly Copepoda, and especially of Calanus finmarchicus. It is of the nature of a preliminary note, since his work in the neighbourhood of Kiel was suddenly interrupted in its early stages; so that, while some of his “parasites” are easily identifiable, the scanty notes on others are difficult of interpretation and have given much trouble to subsequent writers. After making observations on the parasites of Calanus in the Clyde Sea Area over a period of several years, I feel in a position to offer the following opinions on Apstein's note together with an account of very early stages in the development of some larval Platyhelminthes.
On Winning Probabilities, Weight Categories, and Home Advantage in Professional Judo

Judo is a combat sport with seven different weight categories. In this article, we examined data from 1,902 men’s and 1,400 women’s fights at the eight most prestigious judo tournaments during the period 2010-2013. Using a single fight as the unit of observation, we found that the probability for the favorite to win against the underdog in the men’s half-lightweight category is significantly lower than in most other categories. Moreover, in fights in which only European and/or Asian judokas participate, we found that the men’s half-lightweight category is significantly more balanced than all other men’s categories. For women, there is no consistent evidence that any one weight category is more balanced than any of the others. Our results indicate that in choosing the members of a national team, it is to some extent reasonable for national coaches to select a lower ranked judoka in the men’s half-lightweight category over a higher ranked judoka in several other weight categories. We also found that the home advantage increases the probability of winning a single fight for both genders. This result implies that it might be worthwhile for national judo associations to bid to host international tournaments in order to improve the world rankings of their domestic judokas.
Biological activity of entomopathogenic actinomycetes against lepidopteran insects (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera)

Vijayabharathi, R. , Kumari, B. R. , Sathya, A. , Srinivas, V. , Abhishek, R. , Sharma, H. C. and Gopalakrishnan, S. 2014. Biological activity of entomopathogenic actinomycetes against lepidopteran insects (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 759–769. The aim of the present study was to identify an efficient broad-spectrum bio-pesticide for the control of lepidopteran insects from microbes in various ecological niches. A total of 111 microbes isolated from various herbal vermi-composts and organically cultivated fields were evaluated for their intracellular metabolites (ICM), extracellular metabolites (ECM) and whole culture (WC) against early instars of lepidopteran insects. Fifteen actinomycete isolates which showed insecticidal activity against 2nd instar Helicoverpa armigera were selected and further screened against Spodoptera litura and Chilo partellus. A significant broad spectrum insecticidal activity was found in the order ECM>ICM>WC against all the insects under laboratory conditions. All.
Inheritance of some Important Agronomic Traits in Hulless Barley

Gene effects for important quantitative traits of two hulless barley crosses (ICNBF93-369× ICNBF-582 & SB91925× ICB102607) were estimated by generation mean and variance analysis. Three-parameter model [m, d, j] provided the best fit for plant height and yield per plant in cross SB91925× ICB-102607 and number of tillers and days to maturity in both crosses. Five parameter model [m, d, h, j, l] was observed for plant height and grain yield per plant in cross ICNBF93-369× ICNBF582 and number of grain per spike in cross SB91925× ICB-102607 and five-parameters model [m, d, h, i, l] was adequate for number of grains per spike in cross ICNBF93-369× ICNBF-582. Genetic variance analysis showed that additive gene action in inheritance of plant height, number of tillers and days to maturity. Although in cross ICNBF93-369× ICNBF-582 the dominance effects had a greater share, in cross SB91925× ICB-102607 the additive effects played major role in the inheritance of grain yield per plant, since narrow sense heritability of this trait was low. © 2010 Friends Science Publishers
Pathogenesis and clinical significance of AIDA-I-positive E. coli in diarrhea of pigs

Escherichia coli remains a significant cause of diarrhea worldwide and in recent years a relatively high number of E. coli carrying gene for AIDA-I (adhesin involved in diffuse adherence) has been isolated from cases of neonatal and post-weaning diarrhea in pigs. AIDA-I adhesin and its gene aidA were first identified and characterized in E. coli isolated from a human case of infantile diarrhea. Recent studies have demonstrated a significant degree of homology between the AIDA-I adhesin isolated from porcine neonatal diarrheagenic E. coli isolates and that from a human E. coli isolate; however, the role of AIDA-I adhesin in the pathogenesis of diarrhea and the clinical significance of the AIDA-I E. coli virotype are unknown in humans or in animals. First, in order to evaluate the role of AIDA-I adhesin, colostrum deprived newborn pigs were infected with: i) a wild strain PD20 (AIDA-I/STb) E. coli; ii) a mutant strain PD20M (AIDA-I/STb), generated by partial deletion of the aidA gene from the wild strain, iii) a complemented strain PD20C (AIDA-I/STb), generated by reintroducing the full length aidA gene into PD20M strain, and iv) a nonpathogenic E. coli strain PD71 used as negative control. Pigs infected with wild type (PD20) and complemented (PD20C) strains developed diarrhea between 15-19 h and 27-31 h after oral inoculation, respectively, in contrast to pigs infected with strains PD20M or PD71 that did not developed diarrhea. Intestinal colonization was evaluated by histology, imunohistochemistry (IHC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), including immunogold electron microscopy (IGEM), and showed heavy bacterial colonization with biofilm formation in the large intestine with AIDA-I strains (PD20 and PD20C), but not in pigs infected with AIDA-I strains (PD20M and PD71). In vitro assays
Symely, a seldom occurring developmental anomaly in the spider Tegenaria atrica

This article presents the results of teratological studies on the spider Tegenaria atrica. Temperatures alternating between 14°C and 32°C every 12 h were applied as a teratogenic factor in the early stage of embryogenesis. This treatment resulted in specimens with various developmental malformations, including symely of the walking legs. Symely, which is one of the anomalies that results from disturbances during the formation of metameres to the germ band, usually affects the third and fourth pair of walking legs. Fusion of legs from the same pair entails changes in the symmetry of the whole body, particularly in the structure of prosoma and its position in relation to the opisthosoma. These changes are the cause of the exceptionally high mortality among embryos.
Plankton development in a rapidly flushed lake in the River Spree system (Neuendorfer See, Northeast Germany)

The Neuendorfer See is a shallow lake through which the River Spree flows. In the lake, abundances of zooplankton (mainly rotifers) and phytoplankton increased exponentially over the flowing stretch between the inflow and the outflow of the river. Increase in space is enhanced by increased residence time in the lake. Sensitivity of plankton development on residence times of <8 days weakened at longer residence times. This pattern holds for all zooplankton species. Rates of change in chlorophyll and rotifers (after correction for temperature) are first enhanced, then are decreased at longer residence times. Concentrations of dissolved inorganic nutrients (Si, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and NO3") and the N/P ratio diminished with increasing residence time. The plankton dynamics in the lake were dependent on discharge and the lake behaved as a 'plug flow tubular reactor' with minor longitudinal mixing. This was not different from the transportation in large rivers.
Acclimation to a dynamic irradiance regime changes excessive irradiance sensitivity of Emiliania huxleyi and Thalassiosira weissflogii

Effects of fluctuating irradiance regimes on excessive photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation sensitivity were assessed for Emiliania huxleyi (Lohman) and Thalassiosira weissflogii (Grunow) Fryxell and Hasle. Cultures acclimated to low irradiance were subjected to two irradiance regimes of equal daily dose: dynamic irradiance simulating vertical mixing within the water column and constant irradiance. For each regime two irradiance levels were studied. Growth was monitored for 3 d, after which pigment composition was determined. Next, excessive PAR and UV sensitivity was measured by studying viability loss during 4‐h exposure to simulated surface irradiance (SSI). Furthermore, the effects of inhibition of D1 reaction center protein turnover were investigated by incubating samples with lincomycin prior to exposure. Dynamic irradiance reduced growth rates of both species as compared to constant irradiance. Pools of light‐harvesting pigments increased in dynamic irradiance, whereas the protective pigment pools decreased compared to constant irradiance. Excessive irradiance sensitivity was enhanced in cells grown in fluctuating irradiance. Furthermore, viability loss was most pronounced in UV treatments combined with lincomycin. E. huxleyi was more sensitive to excessive irradiance than T. weissflogii, which coincided with a lower ratio between protective and light‐harvesting pigments in the former species. Irradiance modulation by deep vertical mixing influences growth, pigment composition, and excessive PAR and UV sensitivity within days.
Chironomid (Diptera, Chironomidae) species assemblages in northeastern Algerian hydrosystems

The aim of this paper was to analyze the distribution of chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae), and determine their substrate preferences, from two hydrosystems located in northeastern Algeria: the Kebir-East and the Seybouse wadis. Sixty-five species were recorded in 49 sampling sites distributed along the main courses of the two hydrographic nets and their tributaries. The majority of taxa comprised cosmopolitan species widely distributed along these two hydrosystems. Cricotopus ( Cricotopus ) bicinctus showed the highest abundance and frequency of occurrence (29.52%) and was widespread in almost all the sampling sites. Species richness ranged from 4 to 23, Shannon diversity between 0.15 and 0.90, Evenness from 0.23 to 1. A cluster analysis was carried out to represent the different groups of sites sharing similar species composition. Agglomerative cluster analysis grouped the sampling sites into four clusters according to the community data. An Indval analysis was then carried out to detect indicator species for each group of the sampling sites. Cricotopus ( Isocladius ) sylvestris was indicator of the first group of the sampling sites. Orthocladius pedestris , Rheocricotopus chalybeatus and C. bicinctus were indicators of the second group, and Polypedilum cultellatum of the third group. The fourth group was not characterized by any species. Indval analysis allowed also to determine species preferences for substrate size: Corynoneura scutellata and Dicrotendipes nervosus emphasized a preference to fine gravel, and Glyptotendipes pallens to fine sand.
STOLON INITIATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.

Summary Plants of cv. Majestic were grown in solution culture in tanks so designed that the development of the normally subterranean stolons could be followed individually by daily observation and measurement. An analysis is made of the pattern of stolon emergence, elongation, branching and tuber initiation. The effects on stolon development of reduced mineral nutrient supply, decapitation of the main shoot apex and exclusion of light from the developing shoot were also examined.
The genetic variability using sequencing of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region in cultivars of the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp).)

Cowpea is a predominant crop in the small farms of the Brazilian semi-arid region, where several varieties of cowpea with high genetic variability are planted. Due to their genetic diversity, good adaptation to marginal environments and growth in low-input systems, these varieties, often called "landraces," are of great interest for use in breeding and biodiversity conservation programs. The present study describes twelve varieties and three cultivars of cowpea, chosen on the basis of their high frequency of planting by farmers in the Paraiba and Pernambuco States. Total DNA was extracted from the plant seeds. In order to observe the variability of the studied material, four Intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers, the amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) technique using various endonucleases (AluI, HinfI, HpaII, RsaI and NruI), and amplification and sequencing of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) and ITS2 regions were employed. The results show that two assays, the fingerprinting and the sequencing of the ribosomal ITS1 and ITS2 regions, were sufficient to detect the variability of the cowpea germplasm used by small farmers in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Although the varieties often received the same designation, high diversity may have occurred within a variety, according to the origin of the cowpea seed. This work represents efforts to guide preservation of cowpea biodiversity in semi-arid regions. Key words: Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp.), coat seeds, intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR), amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), diversity.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE ENVIRONMENT ON BREEDING SUCCESS OF A SUBURBAN POPULATION OF CRESTED BARBETS TRACHYPHONUS VAILLANTII

Summary Van Zyl, A.J. 1994. The influence of the environment on the breeding success of a suburban population of Crested Barbets Trachyphonus vaillantii. Ostrich 65: 291–296. I studied the breeding biology of the Crested Barbet Trachyphonus vaillantii in Colbyn, a suburb east of Pretoria, South Africa, for nine breeding seasons from 1981 to 1989 to examine patterns in annual breeding success, breeding attempt success in multiple broods, and rainfall. The modal incubation period was 14 days and the nestling period ranged from 28 to 31 days. Average clutch size for all the years was 3,3 eggs/clutch and there was no significant difference in clutch size or number of young fledged/nest between years. On average, Crested Barbet pairs made 2,4 breeding attempts/season. There was no difference in clutch size or breeding success between the breeding attempts. Crested Barbets nesting in natural nests laid on average larger clutches than those in artificial nestboxes, but had non-signficantly lower breeding success.