Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Unhealthy Lifestyle Behaviors and the Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in Middle-Aged and Older Men

Background This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in middle-aged and older men. Methods The subjects included 445 men without a history of cardiovascular disease, stroke, or dialysis treatment, who were not taking medications. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors were evaluated using a standardized self-administered questionnaire and were defined as follows: 1) lack of habitual moderate exercise, 2) lack of daily physical activity, 3) slow walking speed, 4) fast eating speed, 5) late-night dinner, 6) bedtime snacking, and 7) skipping breakfast. The participants were divided into four categories, which were classified into quartile distributions based on the number of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors (0–1, 2, 3, and ≥4 unhealthy behaviors). Results According to a multivariate analysis, the odds ratio (OR) for CKD (defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or proteinuria) was found to be significantly higher in the ≥4 group than in the 0–1 group (OR 4.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51–14.40). Moreover, subjects’ lack of habitual moderate exercise (OR 3.06; 95% CI, 1.13–8.32) and presence of late-night dinner (OR 2.84; 95% CI, 1.40–5.75) and bedtime snacking behaviors (OR 2.87; 95% CI, 1.27–6.45) were found to be significantly associated with the prevalence of CKD. Conclusions These results suggest that an accumulation of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, especially those related to lack of habitual moderate exercise and presence of late-night dinner and bedtime snacking may be associated with the prevalence of CKD.
Text Steganography System Using Markov Chain Source Model and DES Algorithm

H igh transmission efficiency , low resource occupancy and intelligible meaning make text message as the most commonly used type of media in our daily communication . Text steganography, an information hiding technology based on text message , has been a new exploring research in recent years. Due to the restriction of redundant information as well as its alterability in manual operation, text message is difficult to hide secret information effectively and reliably. Based on Markov Chain source model and DES algorithm, this paper presents a text steganography system for spelling languages. It can work reliably with the capability of immunity from regular operations, such as formatting, compressing and sometimes manual altering operation in text size, front, color and the space between words . By adopting the technique of heuristic composition, this system can produce cover text close to nature language. It’s suitable for hiding short information in online communication, such as E-mail, MSN Messenger, QQ, instant conversation and the short message on mobile phone.
Body weight does not affect defibrillation, resuscitation, or survival in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest treated with a nonescalating biphasic waveform defibrillator

Background:This is a study of the influence of body weight on defibrillation, resuscitation, and survival in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest treated with a nonescalating impedance-compensating 150-J biphasic waveform defibrillator. Methods:Cardiac arrest data from Rochester, MN, emergency medical services over a 6-yr period was retrospectively analyzed. Patient weight data were available for 62 of the 68 patients who were treated initially by basic life support personnel and who presented with a shockable rhythm. For each defibrillation and resuscitation outcome variable, we tested for differences in body weight for successful vs. unsuccessful outcome. Results:Initial shocks defibrillated 92% (83% to 97%) of patients. Cumulative success with two shocks was 98% (confidence interval, 92% to 100%) and with three shocks was 100% (confidence interval, 95% to 100%). The mean shock impedance was 90 ± 21 ohms. The average body weight was 84 ± 17 kg (minimum, 53 kg; maximum, 135 kg) and was normally distributed. Based on the body mass index for 46 patients, approximately 41% were classified as overweight (body mass index, ≥25), 24% obese (body mass index, ≥30), and 4% extremely obese (body mass index, ≥40). The remaining 31% were classified as normal or underweight. First-shock success, cumulative success through two shocks, and cumulative success through the first-shock series were unrelated to body weight, as were basic life support restoration of spontaneous circulation, prehospital restoration of spontaneous circulation, hospital admission, and discharge. Conclusions:Overweight patients were defibrillated by the biphasic waveform used in this study at high rates, with a fixed energy of 150 J, and without energy escalation.
First-order incremental block-based statistical timing analysis

Variability in digital integrated circuits makes timing verification an extremely challenging task. In this paper, a canonical first order delay model is proposed that takes into account both correlated and independent randomness. A novel linear-time block-based statistical timing algorithm is employed to propagate timing quantities like arrival times and required arrival times through the timing graph in this canonical form. At the end of the statistical timing, the sensitivities of all timing quantities to each of the sources of variation are available. Excessive sensitivities can then be targeted by manual or automatic optimization methods to improve the robustness of the design. This paper also reports the first incremental statistical timer in the literature which is suitable for use in the inner loop of physical synthesis or other optimization programs. The third novel contribution of this paper is the computation of local and global criticality probabilities. For a very small cost in CPU time, the probability of each edge or node of the timing graph being critical is computed. Numerical results are presented on industrial ASIC chips with over two million logic gates.
Seismic attenuation from recordings of ambient noise

ABSTRACTWe applied seismic interferometry to data from an ocean-bottom survey offshore Norway and found that ambient seismic noise can be used to constrain subsurface attenuation on a reservoir scale. By crosscorrelating only a few days of recordings by broadband ocean bottom seismometers, we were able to retrieve empirical Green’s functions associated with surface waves in the frequency range between 0.2 and 0.6 Hz and acoustic waves traveling through the sea water between 1.0 and 2.5 Hz. We discovered that the decay of these surface waves cannot be explained by geometrical spreading alone and required an additional loss of energy with distance. We quantified this observed attenuation in the frequency domain using a modified Bessel function to describe the cross-spectrum in a stationary field. We averaged cross-spectra of equally spaced station couples and sorted these azimuthally averaged cross-spectra with distance. We then obtained frequency-dependent estimates of attenuation by minimizing the misfit .
In vitro olive (Olea europaea L.) cvs Frantoio and Moraiolo microshoot tolerance to NaCl

Abstract In vitro culture of rooted and unrooted olive microshoots, established from seed lines of free-pollinated “Frantoio” and “Moraiolo” cultivars, were evaluated for NaCl tolerance. The aim was to use growth and physiological parameters in order to identify salt-adapted genotypes. Leaf tissue elemental distribution of Na, Cl and K was also investigated in unrooted plantlets by cryo-scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Both in unrooted and rooted plantlets, increased concentrations of NaCl reduced shoot growth, whereas plant survival was not affected. However, no significant interactions between line and NaCl concentration were found. Elemental distribution showed that Moraiolo J and Frantoio Z accumulated more Na and Cl inside leaves, and that these elements followed a tissue-dependent pattern. Rooting capacity was reduced at the higher levels of NaCl. Significant interactions between seed line and salt treatment were found. Seed lines showed different abilities to develop roots at different salt levels. In particular, Frantoio Z showed a significant and different behaviour relative to the other seed lines at 50 mM NaCl with regard to both length and dry weight of roots. The results obtained suggest that rooting parameters are the most useful tools in the evaluation and screening of salt-tolerant olive genotypes through in vitro shoot culture.
The ESO science archive: supporting and enhancing science from the La Silla Paranal Observatory

The archive of the La Silla Paranal Observatory is a powerful science resource for the ESO astronomical community. It stores both the raw data generated by all ESO instruments and selected processed (science-ready) data. We present the new capabilities and user services that have recently been developed in order to enhance data discovery and usage in the face of the increasing volume and complexity of the archive holdings. Future plans to extend the new services to processed data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) are also discussed.
Decay Rates of Internal Tides Estimated by an Improved Wave–Wave Interaction Analysis

Recent numerical and observational studies have reported that resonant wave–wave interaction may be a crucial process for the energy loss of internal tides and the associated vertical water mixing in the midlatitude deep ocean. Special attention has been directed to the remarkable latitudinal dependence of the resonant interaction intensity; semidiurnal internal tides promptly lose their energy to near-inertial motions through parametric subharmonic instability equatorward of the critical latitudes 29°N/S, where half the tidal frequency coincides with the local inertial frequency. This feature contradicts the classical theoretical prediction that resonant wave–wave interaction does not play a major role in the tidal energy loss in the open ocean. By reformulating the kinetic equation for long internal waves and developing its calculation method, we estimate the energy decay rates of the low-vertical-mode semidiurnal internal tides interacting with the “ubiquitous” oceanic internal wave field. The result shows rapid energy decay of the internal tides, typically within O(10) days for the lowest-mode component, near their critical latitudes. This decay time is severalfold shorter than those in the classical studies and, additionally, varies by a factor of 2 depending on the local depth and density structure. We suggest from this study that the numerical integration of the kinetic equation is a more effective approach than recognized to determine the decay parameter of wave energy, which is indispensable for the global ocean models.
Abstracting Path Conditions for Effective Symbolic Execution

We present an algorithm for tests generation tools based on symbolic execution. The algorithm is supposed to help in situations, when a tool is repeatedly failing to cover some code by tests. The algorithm then provides the tool a necessary condition strongly narrowing space of program paths, which must be checked for reaching the uncovered code. We also discuss integration of the algorithm into the tools and we provide experimental results showing a potential of the algorithm to be valuable in the tools, when properly implemented there.
Action Anticipation Through Attribution of False Belief by 2-Year-Olds

Two-year-olds engage in many behaviors that ostensibly require the attribution of mental states to other individuals. Yet the overwhelming consensus has been that children of this age are unable to attribute false beliefs. In the current study, we used an eyetracker to record infants' looking behavior while they watched actions on a computer monitor. Our data demonstrate that 25-month-old infants correctly anticipate an actor's actions when these actions can be predicted only by attributing a false belief to the actor.
Antibody Detection by Using a FRET‐Based Protein Conformational Switch

No wash, just go: Classical antibody-detection methods rely on heterogeneous detection schemes that involve multiple, time-consuming binding and washing steps. Here we present a new concept to translate the antigen–antibody interaction directly into a readily detectable fluorescent signal by using a single-chain sensor protein and taking advantage of the unique Y-shaped structure common to all antibodies
Capacitor-free, fast transient response CMOS low-dropout regulator with multiple-loop control

A CMOS low-dropout (LDO) regulator with an output voltage of 1.8 V and a load current up to 100 mA is presented. By introducing an EA loop uses nested Miller compensation, with a differentiator and a comparator enhancement loops to improve the transient response, this LDO achieves full-load stability without off-chip capacitor, and features high transient and frequency performance. Simulation results show that the LDO output voltage varies within 115 mV and settles within 37 µs during line and load transient. It also provides −72 dB power supply rejection (PSR) at 1 kHz.
The implications of reduced metabolic rate in resource-limited corals

ABSTRACT Many organisms exhibit depressed metabolism when resources are limited, a change that makes it possible to balance an energy budget. For symbiotic reef corals, daily cycles of light and periods of intense cloud cover can be chronic causes of food limitation through reduced photosynthesis. Furthermore, coral bleaching is common in present-day reefs, creating a context in which metabolic depression could have beneficial value to corals. In the present study, corals (massive Porites spp.) were exposed to an extreme case of resource limitation by starving them of food and light for 20 days. When resources were limited, the corals depressed area-normalized respiration to 37% of initial rates, and coral biomass declined to 64% of initial amounts, yet the corals continued to produce skeletal mass. However, the declines in biomass cannot account for the declines in area-normalized respiration, as mass-specific respiration declined to 30% of the first recorded time point. Thus, these corals appear to be capable of metabolic depression. It is possible that some coral species are better able to depress metabolic rates than others; such variation could explain differential survival during conditions that limit resources (e.g. shading). Furthermore, we found that maintenance of existing biomass, in part, supports the production of skeletal mass. This association could be explained if maintenance supplies needed energy (e.g. ATP) or inorganic carbon (i.e. CO2) that otherwise limits the production of skeletal mass. Finally, the observed metabolic depression can be explained as a change in pool sizes, and does not require a change in metabolic rules. Summary: Starved of food and light, corals can reduce their metabolism, lose biomass and maintain skeletogenesis; this strategy can be explained by the dynamics of structural and reserve biomass.
Computing relative polarity for textual inference

Semantic relations between main and complement sentences are of great signi(cid:12)-cance in any system of automatic data processing that depends on natural language. In this paper we present a strategy for detecting author commitment to the truth/falsity of complement clauses based on their syntactic type and on the meaning of their embedding predicate. We show that the implications of a predicate at an arbitrary depth of embedding about its complement clause depend on a globally determined notion of relative polarity. We, moreover, observe that di(cid:11)erent classes of complement-taking verbs have a di(cid:11)erent e(cid:11)ect on the polarity of their complement clauses and that this e(cid:11)ect depends recursively on their own embedding. A polarity propagation algorithm is presented as part of a general strategy of canonicalization of linguistically-based representations, with a view to minimizing the demands on the entailment and contradiction detection process.
NetSpot: Spotting Significant Anomalous Regions on Dynamic Networks

How to spot and summarize anomalies in dynamic networks such as road networks, communication networks and social networks? An anomalous event, such as a traffic accident, a denial of service attack or a chemical spill, can affect several near-by edges and make them behave abnormally, over several consecutive time-ticks. We focus on spotting and summarizing such significant anomalous regions, spanning space (i.e. nearby edges), as well as time. Our first contribution is the problem formulation, namely finding all such Significant Anomalous Regions (SAR). The next contribution is the design of novel algorithms: an expensive, exhaustive algorithm, as well as an efficient approximation, called NetSpot. Compared to the exhaustive algorithm, NetSpot is up to one order of magnitude faster in real data, while achieving less than 4% average relative error rate. In synthetic datasets, it is more than 30 times faster and solves large problem instances that are otherwise infeasible. The final contribution is the validation on real data: we demonstrate the utility of NetSpot for inferring accidents on road networks and detecting patterns of anomalous access to subnetworks of Wikipedia. We also study NetSpot’s scalability in large social, transportation and synthetic evolving networks, spanning in total up to 50 million edges.
PowerMANNA: a parallel architecture based on the PowerPC MPC620

The paper presents PowerMANNA, a distributed-memory parallel computer system based on the 64-Bit PowerPC processor MPC620. The PowerMANNA node architecture supports all the sophisticated features of the MPC620 and incorporates important architectural concepts that allow us to exploit the performance of modern superscale microprocessor in the context of massively parallel supercomputing. The two-way processor nodes of PowerMANNA are embedded in a powerful communication system supporting low-latency communication and maximum connectivity. Processing and communication performance of an eight-node prototype are shown and compared with shared-memory machines and clusters. In the course of the presentation, experience gained with the PowerPC MP620 processor is discussed.
Drug-metabolizing activity of human and rat liver, lung, kidney and intestine slices

1. Organ-specific biotransformation was studied in human and rat liver, lung, kidney and small intestine slices and compared on a protein basis, using four model substances. 2. Deethylation of lidocaine was highest in liver slices from both man and rat, followed by the small intestine. 3. Metabolism of testosterone was highest in liver slices, but a different overall metabolic pattern was found between the different organs. 4. Lung, kidney and intestine slices prepared from human and rat organs showed mainly an unknown metabolite of 7-ethoxycoumarin identified as 4-ethoxy-2-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid (EPPA). 5. The maximal metabolism of 7-ethoxycoumarin in slices was equal with in vivo Vmax in the rat. 6. Phase II metabolism of 7-hydroxycoumarin in kidney and intestinal slices was about 60% of the activity in liver slices. 7. In conclusion, organs other than the liver show a surprisingly high drug-metabolizing activity. Thus, the use of precision-cut slices of a combination of drug metabolizing organs in an in vitro test system from both animal and human origin is required for a proper systematic prediction of drug metabolism in man.
Sequence Stratigraphy as a “ Concrete ” Stratigraphic Discipline Report of the ISSC Task Group on Sequence Stratigraphy

Sequence stratigraphy is a stratigraphic discipline in which stratigraphic surfaces that represent changes in depositional trend are used for correlation and for defining specific types of sequence stratigraphic units. On the basis of both empirical observations and theoretical models, numerous different types of surfaces have been proposed as unit boundaries in sequence stratigraphy. Our systematic evaluation of these proposals has revealed that only four surfaces are appropriate for bounding units in sequence stratigraphy. These are a subaerial unconformity, an unconformable shoreline ravinement, a maximum regressive surface and a maximum flooding surface. Proposed surfaces that are not suitable to act as a sequence stratigraphic unit boundary include hypothetical time surfaces at the start and end base level fall (the basal surface of forced regression and the correlative conformity), highly diachronous sequence stratigraphic surfaces (normal shoreline ravinement, regressive surface of marine erosion) and highly diachronous within-trend facies boundaries (base of turbidites or shallow water strata, marine flooding surfaces). A sequence is the main unit of sequence stratigraphy and it is defined in a generic fashion as a unit bounded by a specific type of unconformity and its correlative surfaces. Two distinct types of sequences have been recognized. A depositional sequence has a subaerial unconformity as its primary unconformity and an unconformable shoreline ravinement and a maximum regressive surface as the correlative surfaces. An R-T sequence has maximum flooding surfaces as its boundaries. Both of these sequence types can be divided into two systems tracts, a transgressive systems tract and a regressive systems tract. Proposed systems tracts, which require unrecognizable time surfaces or highly diachronous surfaces as part of their boundaries, are not scientifically valid and should be avoided. These include entities such as lowstand, highstand and forced regressive systems tracts. Highly interpretive terms such as lowstand, highstand and forced regressive can be used as descriptive adjectives for specific facies interpreted to be
A survey of output filter topologies to minimize the impact of PWM inverter waveforms on three-phase AC induction motors

Three-phase output filters have been developed to a mature level with improved power quality in terms of over voltage transients at motor terminals when using long cables and high switching frequencies, high frequency common-mode voltages, which induce high shaft voltages leading to bearing currents and a very fast voltage rise in the PWM wave causing EMI problems including high leakage currents. This paper presents an exhaustive survey of output filter topologies to minimize the impact of PWM inverter waveforms on AC induction motors by using output filters. It is aimed at presenting a state of the art on the improved power quality of PWM inverter to researchers, designers, and application engineers dealing with three-phase output filters
On the Detection of CE-OFDM Signals

In this letter, we study the optimum performance of constant envelope orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CE-OFDM) signals in both ideal additive white Gaussian noise channels and frequency-selective channels, and we compare it to the performance of conventional CE-OFDM receivers based on a phase detector. It is shown that the phase detector can achieve optimum performance, but only in scenarios where the power efficiency is very low. For this reason, the use of CE-OFDM schemes in power-constrained scenarios may demand other type of receivers, such as optimum-based receivers.