Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Turbulent Eulerian–Eulerian simulation and Taguchi optimization of twin oblique nanofluid jets injecting into a water cross-flow

In this work, a turbulent Eulerian–Eulerian description is utilised to simulate the injection of twin oblique jets of alumina–water nanofluid into a water cross-flow. This technique can be considered as a heat transfer enhancement strategy in cooling technologies. A Taguchi optimization study is undertaken to determine the optimal combination of the involved control factors to achieve the highest heat transfer rate and to explore the contribution ratio of each factor. Inspection of the simulation results demonstrates that about 70% of the contribution on the final response belongs to the velocity and the angle of the first jet. Meanwhile, it is elucidated that the presence of the nanoparticles in the injected jets may not alter the heat transfer rate more than 6%. This indicates that with proper selection of the velocity and the angle of the jets (especially the first one), the need to utilise nanofluids will be eliminated.
Simulation of Air Cavity Advancing into a Straight Duct

AbstractTwo fundamental one-dimensional (1D) models are proposed and applied to simulate the transient flows with the propagation of an interface in a water-filled duct. The proposed models are developed to simulate the unsteady open channel flows based on finite-volume method (FVM). The models presented herein are based on the continuity and momentum equations of free surface and pressurized flows and the momentum equation of an interface between both flows. However, the highly simplified marker and cell (HSMAC) method with pressure iteration procedures is applied to the pressurized flow region. The numerical simulations are performed under the hydraulic conditions of previous experiments, and then simulated results were compared with the experimental data. It is pointed out that the solitary wave solution is able to reproduce the air cavity profile. In contrast to the hydrostatic model, results of the Boussinesq model compare reasonably well to the experimental observations.
Preservation efficiencies and accumulation rates for biogenic silica and organic C, N, and P in high-latitude

Rates of biogenic sediment accumulation (biogenic silica and organic C, N, and P) and pore water flux have been established for a variety of depositional environments in the Ross Sea. On the basis of 14C measurements in kasten cores, sediment accumulation rates ranged from 250 cm kyr−1 in the coastal basin of Granite Harbor to 1–2 cm kyr−1 in the shelf and slope environments of the northern and eastern Ross Sea. Burial of biogenic material was most rapid in the southwestern Ross Sea, where biogenic silica accumulation rates ranged from 2 to 31 g cm−2 kyr−1 and organic carbon accumulation rates ranged from 0.05 to 1.4 g cm−2 kyr−1. In the northern and eastern Ross Sea, biogenic silica and organic carbon accumulation rates typically equaled 0.02–0.03 g SiO2 cm−2 kyr−1 and 0.002–0.004 g C cm−2 kyr−1. Flux core measurements were used to estimate seabed regeneration rates for biogenic silica, organic carbon, and phosphorus. Pore water fluxes, in general, showed much less variability across the Ross Sea than did the biogenic accumulation rates. Pore water silicate fluxes in the study area ranged from 0.6 to 5.3 g SiO2 cm−2 kyr−1, whereas carbon fluxes ranged from 0.1 to 1.2 g C cm−2 kyr−1 and phosphate fluxes varied from −0.006 to 0.012 g P cm−2 kyr−1. Seabed preservation efficiencies were calculated for biogenic silica, organic carbon, and phosphorus by combining the solid-phase and pore water data. The seabed preservation efficiencies for biogenic silica (1–86%) were greater than for organic carbon (1–71%) at all nine stations examined. The preferential preservation of biogenic silica relative to organic carbon also was apparent in Ross Sea sediments because the biogenic silica/organic carbon ratio in the material buried in the seabed generally was 2 times greater than the ratio in sediment particles arriving at the sediment-water interface. Sediment accumulation rate correlated strongly with both the biogenic silica and the organic carbon preservation efficiency data. P preservation efficiencies remained relatively high (24–65%) even when the accumulation rates were low (1–2 cm kyr−1) because of the near-zero phosphate fluxes out of the seabed. Of the total P in the seabed (0.04–0.09 wt. %), approximately 25% existed in the form of organic P. The total amount of biogenic silica accumulating on the Ross Sea shelf is ∼2.3 × 1012 g SiO2 yr−1, which is approximately an order of magnitude less than the Ledford-Hoffman et al. [1986] estimate that was based on 210Pb chronologies. Biogenic silica accumulation rates in the southern, central, and western Ross Sea increased during the mid and late Holocene, reaching their maximum values during the past 500 to 1000 years.
Extending the concept of community interaction to explore regional community fields.

Interactional approaches to community development routinely focus on the community field concept at a local level. This paper expands the field concept to a regional level of analysis. It suggests a regional community field emerges through interactions among communities at a regional scale, particularly in rural areas lacking a dominant metropolitan core. Recent contributions by human geographers highlight the emergent characteristics of regions in contrast to the static, bounded regions conceptualized in the past. Such logic is compatible with community field theory. This paper explores the generalizability of the community field concept and assumptions to larger levels of analysis and highlights potential applications for rural development. Considerable effort has focused on understanding the role of interaction in community development for more than fifty years (Kaufman 1959; Korsching and Allen 2004; Luloff and Bridger 2003; Luloff and Swanson 1995; Wilkinson 1970, 1972, 1991). Interactional approaches to community development center around the community field. Use of the term community field directs attention to the processes by which local actions and identities emerge. Such generalizing processes reflect the common interests and concerns of local people and places. Most of those employing the term, generally called interactional or field theorists, center their attention at a community level of analysis. This unit of analysis facilitates understanding of the intersections between individuals and society (Wilkinson 1991) and society and the environment (Field and Burch 1988) and is logical and useful for understanding many local scale processes and factors motivating collective action. Despite this advantage, there are dangers inherent to views that narrow perceptions of social patterns and processes at one level of organization. Communities do not exist in a bubble; they experience ever-expanding extra-local
Exploring the relationship between nutritional intake and menstrual cycle in elite female athletes

This study aimed to examine potential variations in nutritional intake among female athletes, including top-level, throughout the menstrual cycle. A total 122 female athletes participated in the study, documenting their food consumption over a 3-day period. The menstrual status of female athletes was also assessed, and using the survey results, the phase of the menstrual cycle (the follicular, early luteal, or late luteal) during which each meal was recorded was determined. Consequently, the meal records were categorized into the respective three phases. The findings of this study indicated that there were no notable disparities in nutritional intake, encompassing energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, iron, and fiber, across the three phases of the menstrual cycle. The results imply that female athletes may experience comparatively smaller variations in nutrient intake related to the menstrual cycle. This could be attributed to the higher energy requirements of female athletes because of their rigorous training. This study underscores the significance of accounting for the population when examining nutrient intake changes associated with the menstrual cycle.
CIRCULAÇÃO MICROCLIMÁTICA ENTRE SUPERFÍCIE, GRANDES DOLINAS E CAVERNAS NO CARSTE DE SÃO DESIDÉRIO, BAHIA Microclimatic circulation between surface, huge dolines and caves in the karst of São Desidério, Bahia state (Northeast of Brazil)

RESUMO: Os estudos de microclima, especificamente em cavernas, sao recentes no Brasil, tendo sido desenvolvi dos de forma mais sistematica nas ultimas tres decadas, com predominância em cavernas turisticas. O presente estudo se insere em uma linha ja estabelecida mundialmente do estudo do espeleoclima, mas ainda pouco desenvolvida no Brasil, a classificacao dos padroes de circulacao atmosferica em dolinas e cavernas. Para tanto, foi realizado um monitoramento higrotermico durante o inverno, que buscou detalhar a dinâmica de troca gasosa entre o microclima de superficie, grandes dolinas e cavernas em seu interior, em Sao Desiderio, Bahia. Para a pesquisa de campo, foram selecionadas duas dolinas, com cavidades de tamanhos distintos em seu interior, para verificacao de possiveis padroes, semelhancas e singularidades. Os resultados demonstraram que as dolinas e suas respectivas cavernas correspondem ao modelo de circulacao atmosferica de cavernas conhecido como armadilha para a captura do ar frio, conservando a temperatura em seu interior relativamente mais fria e o ar mais umido que o microclima quente e seco da regiao de Sao Desiderio, mesmo na epoca de estiagem. As conclusoes apontam necessidades de estudos complementares no periodo do verao, bem como consideracoes sobre o potencial favoravel de uso turistico das cavernas no fundo das dolinas, sob a otica do espeleoclima. Palavras-chave: Atmosfera Cavernicola; Espeleoclima; Microclima; Monitoramento Climatico.
Eastern boreal North American wildfire risk of the past 7000 years: A model‐data comparison

We present here a 7000‐year wildfire reconstruction based on sedimentary charcoal series from five lakes located south of Hudson Bay in eastern boreal North America. The reconstruction shows a significant downward trend in the frequency of large fires from 0.0061 fire·yr−1ca. 5000 cal yr BP to 0.0033 fire·yr−1 at present. Simulations of fire‐season climate based on UK Universities Global Atmospheric Modelling Programme output and reconstructions based on proxy data both indicate a shift toward increasing available moisture in the region between the mid‐Holocene and today. We infer that the diminishing trend in wildfire activity was ultimately caused by the steady orbitally driven reduction in summer insolation. Future higher temperatures not compensated for by significant precipitation increases will bring fire frequency back toward its upper limit, recorded between 6000 and 2000 cal yr BP.
Group support systems: a cornucopia of research opportunities

For many years, we have heard rumors of the downfall and death of group support systems (GSS) research. In this paper, we argue that the nay-sayers are wrong, as many have been in other disciplines in the past and that they would propose to stop seeking answers before the most important questions may have even been asked. We describe some of the many unanswered research questions left to be addressed in GSS research. We identify potentially 250 additional doctoral dissertations, each of which would make a substantial contribution to our understanding of GSS, and likely reveal deeper and even more insightful questions than those which we pose in this paper as mere examples. There is a veritable "cornucopia" of GSS research opportunities within these questions that are yet to be answered. We hope to broaden the readers' perspective on GSS research opportunities and convince our audience that GSS research, far from being dead, is not even comatose, but in fact is alive and thriving.
Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, ferritin and interleukin-37 levels among COVID-19 patients in the presence or absence of secondary bacterial infections

Since 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is widely spread and caused by a novel virulent virus belonging to coronaries, leading to fatal respiratory symptoms that are very similar to severe respiratory distress syndrome. Secondary bacterial infections which are the most common complications in COVID-19 became the hidden threat lurking behind the disease. Different clinical signs can refer to the severity of the disease including immunological markers, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, procalcitonin and anti-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-37). Hence, the present study was performed to examine the levels of some pathological markers in the presence or absence of secondary bacterial infections in 300 patients with COVID-19 who were classified according to their immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G levels into <50, 50–100, >100 subgroups. Results show significantly elevated levels of each of CRP, ferritin, procalcitonin and neutrophil were related to COVID-19 patients who were with secondary bacterial infections.
Sufficient conditions for river meandering: A simulation approach

A digital simulation model produces realistic meandering patterns starting from an initially straight channel with small random perturbations. The model assumes that nominal migration rates increase as channel curvature increases but reach a maximum when bend radius divided by channel width is about 3, with decreasing rates for sharper bends, in accord with observations of Nanson and Hickin (1983) and others. However, it is also necessary to assume that local migration rates are a weighted average of local and upstream nominal rates, with the weighting decreasing upstream. The model includes provisions for neck cutoffs and may be used to forecast future patterns of channel migration in meandering streams.
Narratives, climate change and agricultural policy processes in Malawi

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on interplay among narratives, climate change and agriculture policy processes in Malawi. The paper analyses emerging policy narratives about climate change and agriculture that are stimulating, shaping and influencing these debates. The motivation for this paper draws from an increasing number of government and non-government actors involved in climate change debates on agriculture with different starting points, narratives and goals. Based on extensive empirical data, the paper argues that prevailing narratives on climate change and agriculture in Malawi shape policy discussions and interventions that are implemented in both complementing and competing ways. Interests held by actors determine the policy trajectory in that where interests are colliding, policy interventions are competitive. Complementing policy interventions emerge where common interests exist among policy stakeholders. This is demonstrated by programmes that undermine ability of smallholder farmers to adapt to climate change whilst others advocate for crop diversification and agricultural subsidies. The paper concludes that policies and programme activities are framed in diverse way depending on how climate change and agriculture issues are perceived and narrated as well as how power is exercised among different players, mainly, policymakers, donors and civil society organizations.
A Supervised Machine Learning Method for Predicting the Employees Turnover Decisions

Human resource management is a crucial component for the smooth operation of business organizations. However, changing perspectives and values among different age groups present significant challenges for organizations. Resignation and quick job changes can lead to huge budgetary and manpower issues. This research aims to develop and compare machine learning algorithms for predicting employees' turnover decisions using a public dataset on Kaggle.com The dataset includes performance data for 15,000 employees. The eight features and five algorithms, including Random Forest, Support vector machine, Logistic Regression, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Gaussian Naïve Bayes classifier, were employed to develop the model. The results showed that the Random Forest Classifier was the most efficient model with Geometric Mean, F1-score and AUC which are 0.995, 0.995, and 0.999, respectively when evaluated with stratified K-fold cross-validation. Moreover, using the SHapley Additive exPlanations method, five important factors for predicting employee turnover were identified. These factors include satisfaction level, average working hours in a month, number of responsibility projects, time spent with the company and salary level. These features enable the Human Resources department to gain valuable insights, facilitating strategic planning and proactive measures to prevent employee resignations. By doing so, businesses can achieve smoother and more efficient operations.
Monitoring Beach Renourishment along the Sediment-Starved Shoreline of Grand Strand, South Carolina

Abstract In this paper, we examine temporal and spatial beach profile volume changes, sediment budget changes, and side-scan sonar images at nourished beaches of northeastern South Carolina. Results of bulk volume change indicate that most sands eroded from the subaerial beach section remain and circulate within the coastal system. The results also indicate more active sediment exchange between the nearshore and offshore zones than expected, indicating that the offshore can be both a sink and a source for the nearshore morphologic change. Our profile volume change results do not show a unidirectional net southerly transport pattern in the study area during the initial postnourishment period. Instead, results show that the net downdrift direction alternates along the shore and that longshore volume drift patterns are often disrupted by the seaward cross-shore transport events that occur at erosional hotspots. Prenourishment erosional patterns, particularly local areas of elevated erosion rates, were re-established after nourishment. Furthermore, those erosional locations often correspond to the offshore locations of paleoriver channel fill sands with low relief, indicating existence of the specific seaward transport pathways along the shore in the study area.
Geological map of the Corvillo and Mandre Basins (Caltanissetta Basin, Central Sicily): Explanatory notes

In Sicily, the imbrication of the Apenninic thrust belt above the African foreland determined the progressive southward migration of marine basins that were shortened from the Middle Miocene until the Pleistocene. The area studied in detail is located in the Caltanissetta Basin, which was in fact, during Neogene times, a series of thrust-top basins (e.g. Corvillo and Mandre). The relationships between Neogene sedimentation and the synchronous development of fold and thrust structures are recorded by unconformities, lap relationships of strata, hiatuses. The stratigraphy of the substratum is dominated by varicoloured clays and siliciclastic deposits of Cretaceous-Early Miocene age. The thrust-top basin stratigraphy is represented by Tortonian siliciclastic deposits and evaporitic deposits, which are the product of the Messinian lowstand. The Early Pliocene flooding was responsible of deposition of chalks and marls and a later regional uplift produced a regression, during Late Pliocene times, with deposition of marls and sandstones. Compressional deformation acted continuously from Middle Miocene until, at least, Middle Pliocene, amplifying the pre-existing structures and creating differing styles of deformation depending on the lithologies involved.
Argon 39-Argon 40 dating of metamorphic and plutonic events in the North and High Himalaya belts (so

New 39Ar−40Ar radiometric data are presented. They concern the metasedimentary series and the orthogneiss pluton of Kangmar. Ages as young as 13 Ma are found which may be related either to the metamorphism or to the resetting of the minerals during the emplacement of the numerous intrusive bodies into the North Himalaya Belt. Inherited excess argon is found in micas from the orthogneiss previously dated at 562 Ma. These bodies are constituted by leucogranitic magmas, the biotites and the muscovites of which the granites intrude (Lhagoi Kangri Massif). Same range of ages is found in the High Himalaya Belt for micas from leucogranites. Ages as young as 4 Ma are found on micas from the southern part of the cross section between Nyalam and Zham. The recent uplifts and/or the movement of recent normal faults may be related to these young ages.
REEF RECOVERY FOLLOWING THE FRASNIAN–FAMENNIAN (LATE DEVONIAN) MASS EXTINCTION: EVIDENCE FROM THE DUGWAY RANGE, WEST-CENTRAL UTAH

ABSTRACT The temporally extensive late Middle through Late Devonian biotic crisis involved at least three distinct peaks of elevated extinction intensity during an interval spanning ∼25 myr and resulted in the preferential elimination of certain shallow-marine, warm-water taxa, especially members of reef communities. By the end of the second peak, delimited by the Frasnian–Famennian (F–F) boundary, the stromatoporoids, members of the dominant constructor guild in mid-Paleozoic reefal ecosystems, had ceased building reefs in most parts of the world. The northern Dugway Range in west-central Utah, United States, however, represents one of the few locations globally where stromatoporoids continued reef building into the Famennian. Two measured sections there, which are constrained biostratigraphically using conodonts, indicate that the biohermal sequences occur within the middle Palmatolepis crepida biozone and are early Famennian in age. The post-F–F extinction Dugway reefal faunas are depauperate and dominated by labechiid and stylostromid stromatoporoids, as is characteristic of other early Famennian reefs. In this region, evidence for reefal development is episodic, with stromatoporoid-bearing units interbedded with peloidal and coated-grain carbonate units lacking evidence of reef construction. The stromatoporoid survivors, although fairly minor constituents of Frasnian reef communities, belong to long-ranging clades and may represent so-called extinction-resistant taxa that flourished, albeit locally in Laurentia, following the F–F mass extinction.
Lunar surface processes and cosmic ray histories over the past several million years.

Measurements of the Al-26 and Mn-53 in interior portions of lunar rocks have shown that lunar surface processes which move a significant fraction of kilogram size rocks on the lunar surface occur on time scales of a few million years. These measurements, together with noble gas age dating have made it possible to define the history for nine rock samples selected from whole rock counting data because of anomalously low Al-26 relative to Na-22. Six of the rocks from the Apollo 15 and 16 missions showed evidence of movement during the past five million years. Of these six, only two are of an age consistent with their origin from the South Ray Crater Event. In addition, our measurements of Na-22 and Al-26 in Apollo 17 double drive tube 74001-74002 suggest that one to two cm of soil is missing from the top of this core tube. Even with this loss, at least two cm of gardening is indicated in the top portion of 74002.