Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expected Shape of Extreme Waves in Storm Seas

The theoretical expected structure of large nonlinear waves can be described, using the Gram-Charlier approximations of Jensen et al. (1995) and Jensen (1996, 2005), and the quasi-deterministic model of Fedele & Arena (2005). The second-order narrow-band approximation offers a simpler alternative to these models, as recently suggested in Tayfun & Fedele (2006). Herein, this latter alternative is elaborated further, deriving theoretical expressions for predicting the expected shape of large waves, conditional on somewhat more general constraints than those previously considered. The theoretical results are verified favorably with oceanic measurements gathered at deep and transitional water depths in the North Sea. Some comparisons of the present model with those of Jensen et al. (1995) and Fedele & Arena (2005) are also given, showing that all three models do in fact reasonably well in representing the expected profile of large waves in storm seas.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
The Stellar Content of Obscured Galactic Giant H II Regions. II. W42

We present near-infrared J, H, and K images and K-band spectroscopy in the giant H II region W42. A massive star cluster is revealed; the color-color plot and K-band spectroscopic emission features of two of the brighter objects suggest the presence of young stellar objects. The spectrum of the bright central star is similar to unobscured stars with MK spectral types of O5–O6.5. If this star is on the zero-age main sequence, then the derived spectrophotometric distance is considerably smaller than previous estimates. The Lyman continuum luminosity of the cluster is a few times that of the Trapezium. The slope of the K-band luminosity function is similar to that for the Trapezium cluster and significantly steeper than that for the massive star cluster in M17 or in the Arches cluster near the Galactic center.
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology High-resolution Ultrasound Biomicroscopy for Monitoring Ovarian Structures in Mice

Background: Until recently, the limit of spatial resolution of ultrasound systems has prevented characterization of structures <1 mm. Hence, the study of ovarian follicular development in rodents has been based on one-time histological examination of excised tissues; i.e., longitudinal study of day-today ovarian changes has not been possible in mice and rats. The objective was to establish an ultrasonographic approach to study follicular and luteal dynamics in mice and rats.
Multi Agent Systems : A Modern Approach to Distributed Artificial Intelligence

The purpose of this paper is to provide the reader with an extensive technical analysis and review of the book, "Multi agent Systems: A Modern Approach to Distributed Artificial Intelligence" by Gerhard Weiss. Due to the complex nature of the topic of distributed artificial intelligence (DAT) and multi agent systems (MAS), this paper has been divided into two major segments: an overview of field and book analysis. The first section of the paper provides the reader with background information about the topic of DAT and MAS, which not only introduces the reader to the field but also assists the reader to comprehend the essential themes in such a complex field. On the other hand, the second portion of the paper provides the reader with a comprehensive review of the book from the viewpoint of a senior computer science student with an introductory knowledge of the field of artificial intelligence.
POTATO CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGIES AS PERCEIVED BY POTATO GROWERS OF GUJARAT

Potato growers had adopted a good number of recommended practices such as improved vanety, planting time, crop rotation, harvesting, storage by desi heap method, tillage, manuring, planting by plough, planting distance, earthing up, irrigation, Insect control, chemical fertihzer, seed rate and hand weeding Potato growers had made some modifications In potato cultiation technologies to get more production In local situation These modlflcahons were to plant then crop early or late, to get high pnces, keep own produce for seed purpose, disconhnuance of seed treatment and application of FYM at alternate year.
Nearly simultaneous observations of field‐aligned currents and visible auroras by the Triad and Isis 2 satellites

Magnetic field data from the Triad satellite at 800-km altitude are utilized to define the poleward and equatorward boundaries of field-aligned currents in the premidnight sector when auroral luminosity along the same meridian was scanned by another polar-orbiting satellite, Isis 2. It is found that the latitudinal boundaries of the major portion of the field-aligned currents line up very well with the auroral luminosity boundaries at both the poleward and equatorward sides of the auroral distribution. The boundary between the upward and downward field-aligned currents generally occurs at a minimum in the auroral luminosity profiles. Poleward of this minimum, the current is upward, and the aurora is characterized by the discrete auroral component with intensities at the boundary of 1–2 kR. Equatorward, in the region of the downward current, the aurora is essentially diffuse, and the auroral intensity at the boundary is 0.5–1 kR.
Taming and Training in The Human Use of Elephants: The Case of Nepal, Past, Present and Future

It is a curious fact that by contrast with equine studies, a field that includes extensive historical and sociological work (e.g Budiansky 1998, Cassidy 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, Clutton-Brock 1992, Derry 2003, 2006, Hurn 2008a, 2008b), elephant husbandry has yet to be constituted as an integrated field of academic enquiry. There has been little or no historiography of elephant husbandry as such, but instead a diffusely scattered range of materials in which captive elephant management is.
TITLE PAGE Title: Test-retest reliability and smallest detectable change of the Bristol Impact of Hypermobility (BIoH) questionnaire

Objective: The Bristol Impact of Hypermobility (BIoH) questionnaire is a patient-reported outcome measure developed in conjunction with adults with Joint Hypermobility Syndrome (JHS). It has demonstrated strong concurrent validity with the Short Form-36 (SF-36) physical component score but other psychometric properties have yet to be established. This study aimed to determine its testretest reliability and smallest detectable change (SDC). Design: A test-retest reliability study. Setting: Participants were recruited from the Hypermobility Syndromes Association, a patient organisation in the United Kingdom. Patients: Recruitment packs were sent to 1,080 adults who had given permission to be contacted about research. Main Outcome Measures: BIoH and SF-36 questionnaires were administered at baseline and repeated two weeks later. An 11-point global rating of change scale (-5 to +5) was also administered at two weeks. Test-retest analysis and calculation of the SDC was conducted on ‘stable’ patients (defined as global rating of change -1 to +1). Results: 462 responses were received. 233 patients reported a ‘stable’ condition and were included in analysis (95% women; mean (SD) age 44.5 (13.9) years; BIoH score 223.6 (54.0)). The BIoH questionnaire demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability (ICC 0.923, 95% CI 0.900-0.940). The SDC was 42 points (equivalent to 19% of the mean baseline score). The SF-36 physical and mental component scores demonstrated poorer test-retest reliability and larger SDCs (as a proportion of the mean baseline scores). Conclusion: The results provide further evidence of the potential of the BIoH questionnaire to underpin research and clinical practice for people with JHS.
Extent and reasons for meadows in South Bohemia becoming unsuitable for orchids

Decline in wet grasslands, which in the past resulted particularly from the intensification of agriculture, was accompanied by the loss of a lot of populations of organisms, including protected and endangered species of plants and animals associated with these habitats e.g. terrestrial orchids. The survival of populations of many species of European orchids is strongly dependent on appropriate site management, especially regular mowing or grazing. In addition, humans can negatively affect the persistence of orchid populations in various ways, such as conversion of orchid meadows into building areas, dams, roads etc. or the intensive use of fertilizers and contamination of areas by fertilisers from nearby fields. Comparison of historical data with the present distribution of orchids can reveal a lot about the main reasons for the decline in this endangered group of plants. Here we present an extensive study of the persistence of 192 historical orchid sites in South Bohemia, with particular reference to the 5 commonest species of orchids, Anacamptis morio, Dactylorhiza majalis, Epipactis helleborine, Epipactis palustris and Platanthera bifolia. We show that the most abundant species at the sites studied was Dactylorhiza majalis. E. palustris, A. morio and P. bifolia are currently not present at any of the historical localities for these species. Considering more recent history, the situation regarding orchid localities in South Bohemia is not critical, but the fate of these species should be closely monitored. The majority of this loss is due to the cessation of mowing of the sites. Thus more attention should be paid to the management of the existing sites. During this study, some new sites were discovered.
Effects of the soil freeze-thaw process on the regional climate of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Single-point and regional simulation experiments on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, both with and without consideration of the soil freeze―thaw process, were set up with CLM3.5 and RegCM4 models. Comparison of the simulated soil temperature and moisture, surface energy flux, and upper―lower atmospheric circulation showed that the regional climate can be influenced by the freeze―thaw process of soil. The results indicate that the freeze―thaw process is a buffer to the seasonal changes in soil and near-surface temperatures and strengthens the energy exchange between the soil and the atmosphere. During the freeze (thaw) process, releasing (absorbing) of phase change energy retards the cooling (heating) effect of air temperature on soil. The soil freeze―thaw process increases (decreases) the surface heat source of the plateau in winter (summer), which increases (decreases) the near-surface temperature in winter (summer). Promoted by atmospheric circulation, the soil freeze―thaw process influences climate at the high and low altitudes of the plateau; this may also contribute to the maintenance of the South Asia High. In the early stages of permafrost degradation, the regional climate effects of freezing and thawing may accelerate the degradation of permafrost.
‘Getting in’ or ‘moving on’? On internship experiences and representation in the popular music festival sector

ABSTRACT The cultural workforce has previously been described as pre-dominantly white, male and middle-class. Internships are often seen as a solution as they would function as a ‘democratising path to launch careers’. Nevertheless, previous research has also suggested that there is no smooth path from an internship to paid work for anyone, and even less so for some than for others. Moving beyond previous research, which often neglects the production perspective on music festival organisation altogether or exclusively focuses on individuals ‘getting into’ the cultural and creative industries (CCI), we also include those who are ‘moving on’. We question the (non)diverse composition of the popular music festival sector in Rotterdam, focusing on why and how people are excluded from working in it. Semi-structured interviews were collected in two phases: 1) workers who did an internship and moved into the sector (n = 11) and 2) former interns who left the music festival sector after their internship (n = 13). Findings indicate the force of the somatic norm of maleness and how related experiential differences affect sectoral demographic inequality. Moreover, internships are not an ‘easy fix’ for a non-diverse workforce because of how work is, experienced, organised and rewarded.
Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from the region of Cape Emine (central Bulgarian Black sea coast). Part III. Spatial distribution and gradient analysis

The ground beetle fauna of the area of Cape Emine was studied. Over the period 2010 - 2012 adult carabid beetles were collected. The investigation was carried out at 13 sampling sites and pitfall traps were used. During the study altogether 12618 specimens were captured. Mathematical processing of the data by gradient analysis with methods for classification and ordination of the communities was performed. Analysis of distribution of the zoogeographical categories and life forms was done. The primary role of the humidity and vegetation as ecological factors affecting the distribution of the communities of ground beetles was proven.
Estimation of serum C-reactive protein activity in periodontal health and disease and response to treatment: a clinico-biochemical study

Background Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease affecting periodontium having multifactorial etiology, can cause significant systemic challengein addition to localized inflammation, tissue damage, and bone resorption. A serological marker of systemic inflammation known as C-reactive protein has been linked to an increased risk for a number of pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases. Aim To estimate levels of serum C-reactive protein in healthy individuals and subjects with periodontal diseases and to compare serum C-reactive protein levels in subjects having periodontal disease pre-operatively & post-operatively. Materials and methods The study was conducted on 60 subjects age ranging from 35 to 60 years. 30 individuals with healthy periodontium were in group 1 (control group) and the remaining 30 were diagnosed as adult periodontitis were in group 2 (experimental group). Periodontal examination done using gingival index, plaque index, periodontal pocket depth, and Russel’s index. CRP levels were examined between group 1 and group 2 and in group 2 between baseline visit before treatment and 2 months after treatment. Results The findings of this study show a significant connection between periodontal disease and the inflammatory marker CRP in the body, as well as a tendency for a significant decrease in serumCRP levels following periodontitis therapy. At baseline, there was a positive correlation among C-reactive protein, probing pocket depth, and Russell’s index. Conclusion As CRP is a key mediator for cardiovascular disease, an increase in C- reactive protein levels in periodontal diseases suggests a significant connection between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases. Early periodontal treatment might decrease the severity of cardiovascular disease that already exists. This suggests that periodontal examination should be part of routine practicealong with cardiovascular examination.
Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach Report No . 44 / 2007 Nonlinear Waves and Dispersive Equations

The aim of the workshop was to discuss current developments in nonlinear waves and dispersive equations from a PDE based view. Asymptotic properties of solutions (including multi soliton solutions und singular solutions), the initial value problem in critical spaces and dispersive estimates for linear equations with variable coefficients were the central topics of the workshop. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 35xx. Introduction by the Organisers Dispersive equations occur as asymptotic models for the propagation of linear and nonlinear waves. Mathematically they display an interplay between linear dispersion and nonlinear focusing and defocusing effects. They are linked to diverse areas of mathematics and physics, ranging from nonlinear optics over oscillatory integrals to integrable systems. The workshop focused on a PDE based approach to dispersive equations. Current activities covered by the workshop include: (1) Progress in understanding critical nonlinear Schröder equations. Generalized Morawetz estimates and an induction on energy improved our understanding on the interaction of waves for nonlinear Schrödinger equations, which led to a treatment of many such critical equations. (2) The study of dispersive equations with variable coefficients. During the last few years our understanding of wave propagation in nonhomogeneous situations improved considerably and there are now several interesting results on general relativity linearized at the Schwarzschild metric. This may be seen as a step towards nonlinear stability of the Schwarzschild metric. 2610 Oberwolfach Report 44/2007 (3) The large time asymptotics of solutions, including asymptotics of multisoliton solutions in the nonintegrable case and sharp asymptotics of singular solutions. There is a large number of promising young mathematicians working in this area. The meeting was attented by 45 participants. The organizers gave a strong preference to talks by young researchers. Nonlinear Waves and Dispersive Equations 2611 Workshop: Nonlinear Waves and Dispersive Equations
Financial literacy

The CFA Society Pittsburgh launched a high school financial literacy campaign resulting in sig- nificant improvements in financial behavior, subjective and objective financial knowledge, and self- esteem. Before the campaign, male students and students with higher grade point averages (GPAs) show better objective knowledge. In addition, we find disconnect between actual and perceived fi- nancial knowledge. Students exhibited gains in all aspects after completing the program. The subca- tegories with the lowest pre-survey scores or female students show the greatest improvements in the post-survey. Students with lower GPAs experienced greater improvement in financial behavior and objective knowledge, while higher GPA students improved more in subjective knowledge.
Social Support

Life transitions, such as university attendance, entail the reconstruction of relations between the individual and the environment. This study aimed to explore how perceptions of social support changed across time during the first semester of university, and how social support, coping strategies, and adjustment were interrelated among 390 first-year students in Beijing, China. Results indicated that overall levels of social support among students did not change significantly across the first term, but that support from different sources (parents, peers, teachers, siblings) showed distinctive patterns of change. Support was positively related to adjustment and to coping skills in a dynamic way, and an integrative structural equations model showed that the role of social support operated both directly in relation to adjustment and indirectly through its relations to coping styles. These findings were related both to previous research on the transition to university in the West and to unique factors within the Chinese context.
The First Decade of Crop Biotechnology

Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior permission from the copyright holder, provided the source is properly acknowledged. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without the prior written permission from the copyright holder. The international scientific and development community now recognizes that doubling or tripling of world food, feed and fiber production by the year 2050 to meet the needs of an 11 billion global population cannot be achieved without biotechnology. Genetic engineering of crops has been a controversial subject since 1971 when the first genetically modified organisms were developed. Concern about biosafety has led to Government regulation of transgenic crops in contained and field experiments to assess potential risk before the genetically engineered crops are approved for commercialization. The first field trials of transgenic crops featured herbicide resistance, used as a marker gene in tobacco in the USA and France in 1986. In the interim period, more than 3,500 field trials of transgenic crops have been conducted on more than 15,000 individual sites, in 34 countries with at least 56 crops, mostly in North America and the European Union. 91% of the trials have been conducted in industrialized countries, 1% in Eastern Europe and Rus-sia and the balance of 8% in the developing countries with most in Latin America and the Caribbean, only 2% in the developing countries of Asia, almost exclusively in China, and very few in Africa, almost all in South Africa. The majority of the trials have been conducted in the China was the first country to commercialize transgenics in the early 1990s with the introduction of virus resistant tobacco, and later a virus resistant tomato. The first approval for commercial sale of a genetically modified product for food use in an industrialized country was in the USA in May 1994 when Calgene marketed its Flavr-Savr™ delayed ripening tomato. By year-end 1995, 35 applications or petitions had been granted to commercially grow 9 transgenic crops, involving 8 traits in 6 countries plus the European Union, with most approvals in the USA (20) and Canada (8) which together account for 80% of the number of approvals worldwide. An additional 11 limited approvals by 3 countries have been granted for use of a product from a transgenic crop for food and/or feed use or for breeding or import. Another 28 applications are pending in 4 countries, seeking approval …
Role of Marketing Information System (MKIS) on Banking Performance: Case of Jordan

The study aims to identify the impact of the antecedents of banking performance in the banking sector in Jordan. Population of this study consists of bank marketing managers in Jordanian banks, the population sizes of banks used in this study are (150) marketing. Results of this study showed that all antecedents of banks performance (attitude, easy of use, usefulness, market procedural, employee support, customer's knowledge and market responsiveness) have positive and significant influence on banks performance
A systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose:We designed the study to investigate the incidence risk of Programmed Cell Death-1 (PD-1) or Ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitorrelated endocrine dysfunction in patients with lung cancer. Method:All the data were collected by 1 primary reviewer and then independently reviewed by 2 secondary reviewers according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISM) guidelines. Incidence risk of all-grade and grade 3–5 PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors related endocrine dysfunction in patients with lung cancer were taken into account. Results: Overall, 12 clinical trials comprising 6108 patients were identified in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The incidence risk of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and adrenal insufficiency was higher in NSCLC patients receiving combination treatments. The incidence rate of all-grade of hypothyroidism was lower in PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor subgroup compared to chemotherapy (OR=22.62, 95%CI:9.79–52.25), while the similar result was seen in another treatment regimen (PD-1 + platinumbased chemotherapy vs platinum-based chemotherapy) (OR=2.93, 95%CI: [2.08, 4.11). The different result can be seen in the group related to the other treatment regimen (1PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor vs 2PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors) (OR=0.40, 95%CI:0.21–0.76). All the results of the above analysis were considered to be statistical significant. Similar result could also be seen in meta-analysis related to hyperthyroidism and adrenal insufficiency. Conclusion: The incidence risk of endocrine dysfunctions, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and adrenal insufficiency, were higher for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors group. Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval, FE = fixed effect, HR = hazard ratios, ICI = immune checkpoint inhibitors, IrAEs = immune-related adverse events, NSCLC = non-small cell lung cancer, OR = odds ratio, PD-1 = programmed cell death-1, PD-L1 = programmed cell death ligand 1, PRISMA = Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, RE = random effect, RR = risk ratio.