Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dzyaloshinkii-Moriya Interaction and Hall Effects in Bulk Chiral Magnets from First Principle Calculations

In this dissertation I will discuss the effect of real, momentum, and mixed space Berry phases in B20 compounds: MnSi, Mn1−xFexGe, and Fe1−yCoyGe. Recently there has been a tremendous experimental effort in stabilizing skyrmion crystal phases in these systems. We calculate, from state of the art first principle calculations, the Dzyaloshiniskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), the anomalous Hall effect (AHE), and the topological Hall effect (THE). These three effects are intimately related through Berry phase physics, where I test how the strength of the exchange interactions and spin-orbit coupling play a role in the underlying physics for these systems. In this dissertation, I compare the strength of different first principle methods in calculating magnetic ground state properties in B20 compounds. In this, I see that Full Potential Linearized Augmented Plane Wave Method treats different magnetic states most accurately. Calculations of spin-spiral states are preformed in these B20 compounds showing long wavelength spin-spirals due to the interaction of the exchange stiffness and the DMI field. The DMI in these materials reaches maxima and minima with alloying concentration due the hybridization of d-states, which I complement with an intuitive tight-binding model. The AHE is also calculated in these materials and shows remarkable agreement with experimental measurements. Whereas the THE agrees in sign for these materials and quantitatively in the FeGe, the values in MnGe predict smaller values. This discrepancy, where the DMI is also smaller than expected, is attributed to breakdown of the adiabatic theorem, where in MnGe, the magnetic texture rotates too quickly to capture the real space Berry phase physics. The work of this dissertation is compared with computational results that have followed and ongoing experimental studies.
A note on relative amenable on $II_{1}$ factors

Let $M$ be a II$_1$ factor, $N\subseteq M$ be a von Neumann subalgebra. We obtain a description on the inclusion $N\subseteq M$ being amenable in terms of normal unital completely positive maps. Using it, we deduce a generalization of Haagerup [11]. In [18], Sorin Popa asked if the inclusion of finite von Neumann algebras $N\subseteq M$ is amenable, and $N$ has Haagerup's approximation property, does $M$ also have Haagerup's approximation property? Bannon and Fang in [6] gave an affirmative answer to that question from the point of view of correspondences. As an application of our main result, we give a new proof of that result in terms of normal unital completely positive maps.
Rewarded Semi-Supervised Re-Identification on Identities Rarely Crossing Camera Views

Semi-supervised person re-identification (Re-ID) is an important approach for alleviating annotation costs when learning to match person images across camera views. Most existing works assume that training data contains abundant identities crossing camera views. However, this assumption is not true in many real-world applications, especially when images are captured in nonadjacent scenes for Re-ID in wider areas, where the identities rarely cross camera views. In this work, we operate semi-supervised Re-ID under a relaxed assumption of identities rarely crossing camera views, which is still largely ignored in existing methods. Since the identities rarely cross camera views, the underlying sample relations across camera views become much more uncertain, and deteriorate the noise accumulation problem in many advanced Re-ID methods that apply pseudo labeling for associating visually similar samples. To quantify such uncertainty, we parameterize the probabilistic relations between samples in a relation discovery objective for pseudo label training. Then, we introduce reward quantified by identification performance on a few labeled data to guide learning dynamic relations between samples for reducing uncertainty. Our strategy is called the Rewarded Relation Discovery (R$^{2}$2D), of which the rewarded learning paradigm is under-explored in existing pseudo labeling methods. To further reduce the uncertainty in sample relations, we perform multiple relation discovery objectives learning to discover probabilistic relations based on different prior knowledge of intra-camera affinity and cross-camera style variation, and fuse the complementary knowledge of different probabilistic relations by similarity distillation. To better evaluate semi-supervised Re-ID on identities rarely crossing camera views, we collect a new real-world dataset called REID-CBD, and perform simulation on benchmark datasets. Experiment results show that our method outperforms a wide range of semi-supervised and unsupervised learning methods.
HER2 Status Assessment in Endometrial Serous Carcinoma: Comparative Analysis of Two Proposed Testing and Interpretation Algorithms

HER2 status is now routinely assessed in endometrial serous carcinoma (ESC) due to the reported predictive value of HER2 protein overexpression and/or gene amplification. Herein the authors compare 2 proposed testing and interpretation guidelines for HER2 in ESC. Forty-three consecutive cases of ESC that had been dually tested by both HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were interpreted using 2 sets of guidelines. Guideline set 1 (GS1) is the 2018 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guidelines for breast cancer. Guideline set 2 (GS2) is a recent proposal that is a slight modification of the enrollment criteria for the clinical trial (NCT01367002) that demonstrated a survival benefit for anti-HER2 therapy in ESC. By IHC, GS1 and GS2, respectively classified 39.5% (17/43) and 28% (12/43) of ESC as HER2-negative, 37.2% (16/43) and 53.4% (23/43) as HER2 equivocal, and 23.2% (10/43) and 18.6% (8/43) as HER2-positive (P > 0.05 for all). IHC and FISH were highly concordant at the extremes using either set of guidelines, as no cases were found to be IHC3+/FISH-negative or IHC 0-1+/FISH-positive. GS1 and GS2 were comparable regarding the proportion of IHC equivocal cases that were HER2 amplified by FISH (19% vs 23% respectively; [P = 0.71]). GS1 and GS2 displayed 98% (42/43) concordance regarding the final (IHC and/or FISH-based) classification of tumors as being HER2-positive or negative, and the same 13 cases were ultimately classified as HER2 amplified using either GS1 or GS2. One “discordant” case was classified as HER2-positive using GS2 but HER2-negative using GS1 (HER2 IHC score 2+ using both guidelines, HER2:CEP17 signal ratio of 3, HER2 signal number of 3.4). Six (14%) of the 43 cases (FISH Groups: 2, 3, and 4) would require IHC results to interpret the FISH findings using GS1. Because GS1 requires that the HER2 IHC staining be observed within a homogeneous and contiguous invasive cell population, and this is not a requirement in GS2, GS2 may be better suited for ESC given its frequently heterogeneous staining pattern. Additional studies may be required on the optimal interpretation of problematic dual-probe FISH scenarios in GS2 and the necessity for IHC correlation in such scenarios. Using either set of guidelines, our findings support a reflex testing strategy of restricting FISH testing to cases that are IHC equivocal.
Mapping prognostic factors for globe survival in panophthalmitis using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models: A retrospective study

Purpose: The aim of this study was to report the outcomes of panophthalmitis and to identify factors significantly affecting globe survival in the disease. Methods: This was a retrospective study on patients with panophthalmitis in a tertiary hospital between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019. The demographics, treatment details, culture results, and final outcomes were recorded. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards (CPH) were calculated to identify variables associated with globe loss. A P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Eighty-five eyes of 85 patients (31 culture positive) were eligible for review. The mean age of the participants was 55.21 ± 20.17 years with a male-to-female ratio of 2.04:1. Corneal ulcer (38.82%; n = 33) and open globe injuries (OGIs) (38.82%; n = 33) were the most common etiologies. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 10; 11.76%) was the most common isolate. The mean duration of hospital stay was 7.58 ± 2.32 days. Overall, 44 (51.76%) globes could be salvaged. The need for evisceration (P = 0.901) and hospital stays (P = 0.095) were similar for culture-positive and -negative cohorts. The unadjusted logistic regression and CPH models showed that culture sterility did not affect globe survival [OR = 1.210 (0.501–2.950), P = 0.668; HR = 1.176 (0.617–2.243), P = 0.623]. The adjusted logistic regression and the CPH models showed that corneal ulcers [OR = 10.900 (2.460–48.200), P = 0.002; HR = 5.393 (1.603–18.140), P = 0.006] and OGI [OR = 7.360 (1.650–32.700), P = 0.009; HR = 4.548 (1.321–15.660), P = 0.016] were significantly associated with globe loss. Conclusion: Corneal ulcer or OGI as the primary etiology is detrimental to globe survival in panophthalmitis.
Distinct Frontoparietal Brain Dynamics Underlying the Co-Occurrence of Autism and ADHD

Abstract Previous diagnostic systems precluded the co-existence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in one person; but, after many clinical reports, the diagnostic criteria were updated to allow their co-occurrence. Despite such a clinical change, the neurobiological bases underpinning the comorbidity remain poorly understood, and whether the ASD+ADHD condition is a simple overlap of the two disorders is unknown. Here, to answer this question, we compared the brain dynamics of high-functioning ASD+ADHD children with age-/sex-/IQ-matched pure ASD, pure ADHD, and typically developing (TD) children. Regarding autistic traits, the socio-communicational symptom of the ASD+ADHD children was explained by the same overstable brain dynamics as seen in pure ASD. In contrast, their ADHD-like traits were grounded on a unique neural mechanism that was unseen in pure ADHD: the core symptoms of pure ADHD were associated with the overly flexible whole-brain dynamics that were triggered by the unstable activity of the dorsal-attention network and the left parietal cortex; by contrast, the ADHD-like cognitive instability of the ASD+ADHD condition was correlated with the atypically frequent neural transition along a specific brain state pathway, which was induced by the atypically unstable activity of the frontoparietal control network and the left prefrontal cortex. These observations need to be validated in future studies using more direct and comprehensive behavioral indices, but the current findings suggest that the ASD+ADHD comorbidity is not a mere overlap of the two disorders. Particularly, its ADHD-like traits could represent a unique condition that would need a specific diagnosis and bespoke treatments.
Obesity and thyroid cancer risk

Purpose of review This review explores recent evidence assessing the relationship between obesity and thyroid cancer. Recent findings Consistent evidence from observational studies suggests that obesity increases the risk of thyroid cancer. The relationship persists when alternative measures of adiposity are used, but the strength of association may vary according to the timing and duration of obesity and how obesity or other metabolic parameters are defined as exposures. Recent studies have reported an association between obesity and thyroid cancers that are larger or have adverse clinicopathologic features, including those with BRAF mutations, thus providing evidence that the association is relevant for clinically significant thyroid cancers. The underlying mechanism for the association remains uncertain but may be driven by disruption in adipokines and growth-signaling pathways. Summary Obesity is associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer, although further research is required to understand the biological mechanisms underpinning this relationship. Reducing the prevalence of obesity is predicted to lessen the future burden of thyroid cancer. However, the presence of obesity does not impact current recommendations for screening or management of thyroid cancer.
Intraregional hospital outbreak of OXA-244-producing Escherichia coli ST38 in Norway, 2020

Infections with OXA-244-carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli with sequence type (ST)38 have recently increased in Europe. Due to its low-level activity against carbapenems, OXA-244 can be difficult to detect. Previous assessments have not revealed a clear source and route of transmission for OXA-244-producing E. coli, but there are indications of non-healthcare related sources and community spread. Here we report a hospital-associated outbreak of OXA-244-producing E. coli ST38 involving three hospitals in Western Norway in 2020. The outbreak occurred over a 5-month period and included 12 cases identified through clinical (n = 6) and screening (n = 6) samples. The transmission chain was unclear; cases were identified in several wards and there was no clear overlap of patient stay. However, all patients had been admitted to the same tertiary hospital in the region, where screening revealed an outbreak in one ward (one clinical case and five screening cases). Outbreak control measures were instigated including contact tracing, isolation, and screening; no further cases were identified in 2021. This outbreak adds another dimension to the spread of OXA-244-producing E. coli ST38, illustrating this clone’s ability to establish itself in the healthcare setting. Awareness of challenges concerning OXA-244-producing E. coli diagnostic is important to prevent further spread.
The effect of curcumin supplementation on functional strength outcomes and markers of exercise-induced muscle damage: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Curcumin is a polyphenol derived from the Curcuma longa L (turmeric) plant and has gained attention through its perceived anti-inflammatory characteristics. The potential interaction with exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) has led to investigation of curcumin as a post-exercise strategy that may have the potential to lessen acute reductions in functional strength (FS) following physical activity. Aim: The purpose of this review is to assess the evidence examining curcumin in relation to four outcome measures: FS, EIMD, DOMS and inflammation. Methods: A Medline, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL database search was undertaken with no publication date limit. Sixteen papers met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Three meta-analyses were completed for EIMD, DOMS and inflammation, respectively, with FS being excluded due to limited research. Results: Effect sizes were as follows: EIMD (0.15, −0.12, −0.04, −0.2 and −0.61 corresponding to 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post-exercise, respectively), DOMS (−0.64, −0.33, 0.06, −0.53 and −1.16 corresponding to 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post-exercise, respectively) and inflammation (−0.10, 0.26, 0.15 and 0.26 corresponding to 0, 24, 48 and 72 h post-exercise, respectively). A 96 h post-exercise inflammation meta-analysis was not conducted due to limited data. Conclusion: No effect sizes were statistically significant for EIMD (p = 0.644, 0.739, 0.893, 0.601 and 0.134), DOMS (p = 0.054, 0.092, 0.908, 0.119 and 0.074) and inflammation (p = 0.729, 0.603, 0.611 and 0.396). Further research is needed to thoroughly examine whether an effect exists.
Large Scale Brownian Dynamics Simulation of Dilute and Semidilute Polymeric Solutions

Excluded Volume (EV) and Hydrodynamic Interactions (HI) play a central role in static and dynamic properties of macromolecules in solution under equilibrium and nonequilibrium settings. The computational cost of incorporating HI in mesoscale Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations, particularly in the semidilute regime has motivated significant research aimed at development of high-fidelity and efficient techniques. In this study, I have developed several algorithms for the mesoscale bead-spring representation of a macromolecular solution in dilute and semidilute regimes. The Krylov subspace method enables fast calculation of single chain dynamics with simulation time scaling of O (N b) [order N subscript b squared], where Nb is the number of beads in the chain. For simulations of multichain systems, a matrix-free approach is implemented which leads to O (N logN) scaling of simulation time, where N is the number of beads in the periodic box. The Krylov and predictor-corrector schemes are used to study the behavior of dilute solutions of high molecular weight flexible macromolecules, and in particular Polystyrene (PS). The influence of HI and EV on the extensional hardening of the macromolecular solutions is considered. It is demonstrated that the combination of HI and successive finegraining results in a remarkable prediction of rheological properties of solutions containing 1.95, 3.9, and 10.2 million molecular weight PS. Further, a bead-spring model is developed to overcome the deficiencies of the current mesoscale worm-like chain models, i.e., to accurately describe the correlation along the backbone, segmental length, and the force-extension behavior even at the limit of 1 Kuhn
Effect of Selenium Supplementation on Biochemical Markers of Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a widespread endocrine disorder among fertile women and may be induced by nutritional deficiencies. In this study, we assess the impact of selenium supplementation (SS) on biochemical markers in women with PCOS. To gather relevant literature, we searched the Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase, and MEDLINE databases from inception up to July 24, 2022. Subsequently, we included all published full-text randomized clinical trials examining the effects of SS versus placebo on biochemical changes in women with PCOS. Review Manager 5.3 was used to collect and analyze data and assess the risk of bias. Seven articles, comprising 413 women, were ultimately involved in the study. According to the results, SS could increase the level of quantitative insulin sensitivity check index [standardized mean difference (SMD)=0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.04∼0.65], total antioxidant capacity (SMD=0.89 mmol/L, 95% CI=0.52∼1.26), and glutathione (SMD=1.00 μmol/L, 95% CI=0.22∼1.78). Conversely, SS could decrease triglyceride, cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and the homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance levels compared with the placebo. Furthermore, there were no significant differences regarding sex hormone-binding globulin level, testosterone level, malondialdehyde, and body mass index between the two groups. In addition, the results suggest that SS improves biochemical markers in women with PCOS and thus is recommended for treating biochemical disorders among these women in addition to standard treatment.
Changes of gut mycobiota in the third trimester of pregnant women with preeclampsia

Abstract Objective Studies recently acknowledged that the fungal community in the gut plays an important role in many inflammatory diseases of noninfectious origin. but the role of gut fungi in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE) remains unknown. Methods We performed a case-case–control study to compare the gut mycobiota of PE, pregnancy with chronic hypertension (PCH), and the normal group (Normal pregnancy group without any underlying disease) by internal transcribed spacer sequencing. In addition, LC/MS was used to explore the relationship between the fecal metabolites and gut mycobiota. Results Compared with the PCH and the normal group, α diversity (represented the species abundance in a single sample) of mycobiota were lower in the PE group, but there was no statistically significant difference among these three groups. However, Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis found 3 differentially abundant fungal taxa in PE group when compared with the normal group. The gut metabolites of PE patients were significantly different from PCH and the normal group. Choline metabolism molecule glycerophosphocholine was the most discriminant metabolite between PE and the normal group. Correlation analysis found that Candida spp.was positively correlated with glycerophosphocholine which increased in PE. Conclusion We found that gut mycobiota changed in the third trimester of pregnant women with preeclampsia.
Intraocular foreign body in the anterior chamber angle misdiagnosed as herpetic stromal keratitis

ABSTRACT We report a case of a metallic intraocular foreign body (IOFB) retained in the anterior chamber (AC) angle that was masquerading as herpetic stromal keratitis. A 41-year-old male construction worker was referred to our ophthalmology clinic with the complaint of consistent blurred vision for 3 days in his left eye. He had no history of ocular trauma. The best-corrected visual acuity was found to be 10/10 in the right eye and 8/10 in the left eye. On slit-lamp examination of the anterior segment, the right eye was normal, while the left eye showed unilateral corneal edema and scarring, anterior lens capsule opacification, +2 cells in the AC, and the Seidel test was negative. Fundus examination was normal bilaterally. Despite there not being history of it, we still suspected ocular trauma considering the patient’s occupational risk. Consequently, an orbital computed tomography imaging was performed which revealed a metallic-IOFB in the inferior iridocorneal angle. On the second follow-up day, the corneal edema regressed, and a gonioscopic examination of the affected eye was performed, showing a small foreign body embedded in the inferior iridocorneal angle of the AC. Subsequently, the IOFB was surgically removed using Barkan lens, and excellent visual results were achieved. This case emphasizes the importance of considering IOFB in the differential diagnosis of patients with unilateral corneal edema and anterior lens capsule opacification. Furthermore, the presence of IOFB should be definitely excluded in patients with occupational risk of ocular trauma even if there is no history of trauma. More awareness about the proper use of eye protection should be raised to circumvent penetrating ocular-trauma.
Genetic mapping identified major main‐effect and three co‐localized quantitative trait loci controlling high iron and zinc content in groundnut

Malnutrition is a major challenge globally, and groundnut is a highly nutritious self‐pollinated legume crop blessed with ample genomic resources, including the routine deployment of genomic‐assisted breeding. This study aimed to identify genomic regions and candidate genes for high iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content, utilizing a biparental mapping population (ICGV 00440 × ICGV 06040;). Genetic mapping and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis (474 mapped single‐nucleotide polymorphism loci; 1536.33 cM) using 2 seasons of phenotypic data together with genotypic data identified 5 major main‐effect QTLs for Fe content. These QTLs exhibited log‐of‐odds (LOD) scores ranging from 6.5 to 7.4, explaining phenotypic variation (PVE) ranging from 22% (qFe‐Ah01) to 30.0% (qFe‐Ah14). Likewise, four major main effect QTLs were identified for Zn content, with LOD score ranging from 4.4 to 6.8 and PVE ranging from 21.8% (qZn‐Ah01) to 32.8% (qZn‐Ah08). Interestingly, three co‐localized major and main effect QTLs (qFe‐Ah01, qZn‐Ah03, and qFe‐Ah11) were identified for both Fe and Zn contents. These genomic regions harbored key candidate genes, including zinc/iron permease transporter, bZIP transcription factor, and vacuolar iron transporter which likely play pivotal roles in the accumulation of Fe and Zn contents in seeds. The findings of this study hold potential for fine mapping and diagnostic marker development for high Fe and Zn contents in groundnut.