Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Diagnostic Quality of Chest Radiographs Seen in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital

Chest radiograph is an invaluable tool to the physicians and surgeons for the assessment of the airways, lungs, mediastinum, heart, pleura and chest walls. Radiographs of poor diagnostic quality could lead to poor diagnosis and ultimately to poor management outcome. This study was aimed at assessing the diagnostic quality of chest radiographs in order to evaluate standards and establish causes of repeat. The study evaluated the anatomical details, physical and technical factors. A total of 800 chest radiographs, produced between January 2014 and February 2016, were retrieved from the records of the Radiology Department of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State and evaluated. Of the 300 chest radiographs evaluated for year 2014, 16% met all the criteria for good diagnostic quality according to the European guidelines. In 2015, out of 400 chest radiographs evaluated, 14% of the radiographs met all the criteria for good diagnostic quality according to the European guidelines. In 2016, 32% of the radiographs met all the criteria for good diagnostic quality. Inadequate collimation, “scapula not out of lung field”, darkroom processing faults, inadequate penetration and rotation were the major contributors to radiographs of poor diagnostic quality. Knowledge of diagnostic quality of radiographs is desirable for maintenance of standards, improvement in quality and reduction of wastages in our radiology departments. of image
Effect of medical nutrition therapy on vitamin C and malondialdehyde in HIV positive malnourished children

Background: The objective is to assess the effect of medical nutrition therapy on biochemical parameters like Vitamin C and Malondialdehyde by estimating oxidative stress in HIV positive malnourished childrens’ sample. Any alteration in the antioxidant markers can help to assess the effectiveness of MNT as a therapeutic agent. There is limited data on the use of Ready to Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) in India. Therefore, the study was conducted to determine the effect of prepared Ready to Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) also termed as Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) in HIV positive malnourished children. Methods: In this prospective comparative study, pre MNT and post MNT sample as well as the parametersMalondialdehyde and Vitamin C were analyzed in 19 HIV positive malnourished children in the age group of 6-12 years at L.T. M.M. College. HIV positive malnourished children showed adverse effects on nutrition as well as immune system. Thus, to supply adequate micronutrients and macronutrients, the subjects were treated with Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT). Results: The post MNT HIV positive malnourished childrens’ samples revealed significant results than pre MNT HIV positive malnourished childrens’ samples. Conclusions: The level of antioxidant marker (vitamin C) increased and peroxidation marker (MDA) decreased post medical nutrition therapy. The increased post levels of vitamin C activity helped in the eradication of excess free radicals, thereby reducing oxidative stress and hence the oxidative damage to cells as well as inhibiting lipid peroxidation (which is indicated by decreased post level MDA).
Male circumcision and HIV acquisition and transmission: cohort studies in Rakai, Uganda

BackgroundMale circumcision is associated with reduced HIV acquisition. MethodsHIV acquisition was determined in a cohort of 5507 HIV-negative Ugandan men, and in 187 HIV-negative men in discordant relationships. Transmission was determined in 223 HIV-positive men with HIV-negative partners. HIV incidence per 100 person years (py) and adjusted rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by Poisson regression. HIV-1 serum viral load was determined for the seropositive partners in HIV-discordant couples. ResultsThe prevalence of circumcision was 16.5% for all men; 99.1% in Muslims and 3.7% in non-Muslims. Circumcision was significantly associated with reduced HIV acquisition in the cohort as a whole (RR 0.53, CI 0.33–0.87), but not among non-Muslim men. Prepubertal circumcision significantly reduced HIV acquisition (RR 0.49, CI 0.26–0.82), but postpubertal circumcision did not. In discordant couples with HIV-negative men, no serconversions occurred in 50 circumcised men, whereas HIV acquisition was 16.7 per 100 py in uncircumcised men (P = 0.004). In couples with HIV-positive men, HIV transmission was significantly reduced in circumcised men with HIV viral loads less than 50 000 copies/ml (P = 0.02). InterpretationPrepubertal circumcision may reduce male HIV acquisition in a general population, but the protective effects are confounded by cultural and behavioral factors in Muslims. In discordant couples, circumcision reduces HIV acquisition and transmission. The assessment of circumcision for HIV prevention is complex and requires randomized trials.
The relationship between varus or valgus knee deformity and coronal laxity of 450 total knee arthroplasties

Background:Knee navigation translates coronal stress laxity of the mechanical femorotibial angle (MFTA) into numerical values quantifying exerted load on the knee during varus and valgus stress assessments. Two experienced surgeons assessed all knees using an identical technique prior to navigated total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implantation. Our questions were: (1) is there a relationship between varus/valgus stress angles and MFTA in maximal extension (unstressed knee alignment); (2) is the relationship between varus/valgus stress and MFTA in maximal extension (unstressed knee) the same for all preimplant knee deformity? Methods:Four hundred and fifty navigated TKAs were reviewed. Three measurements were taken following the same sequence: MFTA without any stress in maximal extension, and then varus and valgus stress angles in maximal extension. Varus/valgus angles were plotted with respect to preimplant MFT angle in maximal extension. Results:Three groups were identified: Group A for MFTA in extension of less than 10 degrees varus, Group B between limits of 10 degrees of varus and 7 degrees of valgus deformity of MFTA in maximal extension, and group C for MFT angles in extension greater than 7 degrees of valgus. A and C trend lines drifted away from group B patterns. Conclusions:Two independent series of knees assessed by two surgeons revealed similar relationships between varus/valgus stress angles and unstressed knee MFTA in maximal extension between 10 degrees of varus and 7 degrees of valgus deformity. This may explain the small amount of soft-tissue release needed in most TKAs falling within this range.
Association of ABO and Rh blood groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Muzaffarnagar city

Background: The ABO blood group system is associated with some diseases including gastric and duodenal ulcer, hepatitis B1, vascular diseases, abdominal aortic aneurism, and cancers. Some epidemiological studies demonstrated the linkage among the ABO blood group and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Aims and Objective -This study aimed to find out the possible linkage between ABO and Rhesus blood groups with type 2 DM. Material and Methods: This study was carried out in Department of Physiology, Muzaffarnagar Medical College and Hospital, Muzaffarnagar from April 2017 to June 2017. This study included total 1316 individuals in which 104 were diabetic patients, and 1212 individuals were non-diabetic apparently healthy controls. Diabetic patients were taken from diabetic outpatient clinics, and the controls were taken from healthy individuals coming for blood donation at blood bank of Muzaffarnagar Medical College and Hospital, Muzaffarnagar. Standard slide agglutination test for the determination of ABO and Rh blood groups was used. Data thus obtained were analyzed by applying Chi-square test to determine any association between DM and different ABO and Rh blood groups. Data were expressed as percent and absolute number of frequency. Results: Increased frequency of blood group AB and blood group O (18.26% vs. 10.31%, 34.61% vs. 29.31%) were found in diabetes. On applying Chi-square test, statistically significant association was found between blood groups AB and O and DM (Chi-square value - 8.24, P < 0.04). Increased frequency of Rh positive blood group in diabetic (96.15% vs. 95.54%) but association between Rh blood group and diabetes was not statistically significant. (Chi-square value - 0.021, P = 0.88). Conclusion: Blood group might be a risk factor and it can be helpful for the evaluation of the disease.
Lumbar Disc Herniations

Lumbar disc herniation is among the most common causes of lower-back pain and sciatica. The cause(s) of lumbar disc herniation and the relation of lumbar disc herniation to back pain and sciatica have not been fully elucidated, but most likely comprise a complex combination of mechanical and biologic processes. Furthermore, the natural history of lumbar disc herniation seems generally to be favorable, leaving the optimum treatment for lumbar disc herniation a debate in the literature. Various nonoperative and operative treatment strategies have been tried with varying degrees of success. Treatment often involves patient education, physical therapy, alternative medicine options, and pharmacotherapy. If these fail, surgical intervention is usually recommended. A literature search was conducted to evaluate the currently known effectiveness of traditional and novel nonoperative and surgical techniques for the treatment lumbar disc herniation and to determine if there are substantive new advantages in these newer contemporary treatments or combinations thereof. A structured approach to treatment of a patient who may have a symptomatic lumbar disc herniation is presented, based on analysis of the current literature. No one method of nonoperative or operative treatment would seem definitively to be superior to another. Appropriate multidisciplinary treatment including behavioral analysis and support may offer the hope of improved outcomes for patients with lumbar disc herniation.
A Radiological Study

Étienne Destot (1864–1918) was born in Dijon and educated in Lyon, where in February 1896, less than two months after the announcement of the discovery of the X-ray by Röntgen, he was already making radiographs of patients in l’Hôtel Dieu. He had great enthusiasm for this new method and devoted a major share of his time to developing the technique and its application to clinical medicine. His work led to the publication of three monographs, the first dealing with injuries of the wrist, the second with injuries of the elbow in children, and the third with injuries of the foot and ankle. Because of severe radiation damage to his hands, he was forced to give up his position as the radiologist at the l’Hôtel Dieu in 1913. In addition to his work in radiology, he was also interested in medical applications of electricity and neurology. In the course of his work he made many contributions to orthopedics. He was something of a talented eccentric, a sculptor, and the designer of an aerodynamic car with an aluminum body! He was sent to the western front as a medical officer in World War I, and died as a result of pneumonia in 1918.
The Relation between Life Quality and Angina Pectoris Patients in Hospitals in Kirkuk City

Background: Angina pectoris is disease for chest pain or discomfort due to coronary heart disease. Angina is a symptom of myocardial ischemia. It occurs when the heart muscle (myocardium) doesn't get as much blood as it needs. This usually happens because one or more of the heart's arteries (blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle) is narrowed or blocked. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life in angina pectoris patients Methodology : Quantitative design (Purposive study) was used in this study, the study was conducted at Azadi Teaching Hospital and Kirkuk general hospital in Kirkuk city to assess quality of life toward Angina pectoris patients. The period of the study was carried out of 20th of October in 2015 to 15th of august in 2016. A non probability (purposive) sample was selected. It consisted of (100) patients (72) sample was collected in Azadi teaching hospital and (28) Kirkuk general hospital at the units of critical care. In order to collect the data required a questionnaire was constructed depending on the criteria of WHO scale. It consists of two parts; part one included (8) items which focused on the client demographic characteristics which include (age, gender, residence, marital status, occupation, educational level, duration of the angina and Concomitant chronic diseases). Part two is composed of (5) domains that covered physical, social, psychological, level of independence and spiritual domains. The overall questions included (90) items. 3-likert scale options was used in the rating scale as: ( Always = 3 ) , ( Sometimes = 2 ), ( Never = 1 ) . Result: The result of present study revealed that high percent (26%) the study sample at age (40-49 and Ëƒ`70 ) years old. In relation to gender, the majority of the patients are male and account (60%). The data analysis show that some demographic data include (age, occupation and duration of angina) are more common significant (effected) on the physical , social, psychological, independence and spiritual domains. Conclusion: Age, married, chronic disease and monthly income variables are the most socio-demographic variables that were associated with direct effect on quality of life among angina pectoris patients. Physical domain are the most aspects of life among angina pectoris patients that were associated with many socio-demographic variables. Recommendation: Exercise training results in improvement of symptoms, increase in the threshold of ischemia, and improvement of patients' sense of well-being. However, before enrolling a patient in an exercise-training program, perform an exercise tolerance test to establish the safety of such a program. Promoting best health practices and early optimal nursing management of angina pectoris to minimize damage and prevent complications.
REMAJA BISA MENCEGAH GIZI LEBIH DENGAN MENINGKATKAN SELF-EFFICACY DAN KONSUMSI SAYUR-BUAH

Abstrak Prevalensi gizi lebih pada remaja setiap tahunnya mengalami peningkatan. Gizi lebih merupakan suatu masalah yang kompleks yang dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, salah satunya kurangnya konsumsi sayuran dan buah. kurangnya konsumsi sayuran dan buah di asumsikan tidak adanya keyakinan ( self-efficacy ) pada remaja untuk mengonsumsi sayuran dan buah karena beberapa hal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan self-efficacy dengan konsumsi sayuran-buah dan kejadian gizi lebih. Metode yang digunakan adalah crossectional . Jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah 156 remaja kelas 7 dan 8. Tekhnik pengambilan sample yang digunakan adalah stritified propotional random sampling . kuesioner yang digunakan adalah Self-efficacy for fruit, vegetable and water intake dan food recall . Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa self-efficacy berhubungan dengan konsumsi sayuran dan buah dan kejadian gizi lebih (OR=9,467, 2,093). Hasil regersi logistik menunjukan preferensi merupakan variabel confounding pada konsumsi sayuran dan buah. sedangkan jenis kelamin, genetik dan konsumsi sayuran dan buah merupakan variabel confounding dari gizi lebih. Abstract The prevalence of overweight in adolescents each year has increased. Overweight is a complex issue that is influenced by many factors, one of the cautions is the lack of consumption vegetables and fruit. L ack of consumption vegetables and fruit in the adolescents is assumed to be absence of confidence (self-efficacy) in adolescents to eat vegetables and fruit for several reasons. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship self-efficacy with vegetable-fruit consumption and the incidence of overweight . The method of research used way cross sectional. A total samples of 156 teenagers grade 7 and 8 in Junior high schools was involved in this study . Using str a tified proportional random sampling. T he questionnaires used are Self-efficacy for F ruit, V egetable and W ater I ntake and F ood R ecall. T his study showed that self-efficacy associated with the consumption of vegetables and fruit and the incidence of overwight (OR=9,467, 2,093). The results of regresion logistic showed preferences h a d confounding variable in the consumption of vegetables and fruit. whereas gender, genetics and consumption of vegetables and fruit is a confounding variable of nutrition
An evaluation of nurse triage at the Emergency Medical Dispatch centers in two Swedish counties

Sjukskoterskor vid Sjukvardens Larmcentral (SvLC) i Uppsala och Vastmanlands lanhanvisar regelbundet lagakuta patienter som bedoms inte vara i behov av ambulanssjukvardtill alternativa vardformer.
Some Evidence for Multiple Visual Projections to Cortex

It has been known for many years that the cerebral cortex will respond to flickering light (1) and indeed, the phenomenon has been used extensively in clinical electroencephalography as an activating technique (2). Whether the sustained following response frequently obtained can be interpreted as a driving of the alpha rhythm is open to some debate, but there can be no doubt that in those individuals showing a response to photic stimulation, the amplitude of the response is maximal at a frequency corresponding to the alpha rhythm (3). When short bursts of flicker stimulation are used while recording conventional EEG, there is usually no change in the EEG record, the photic response apparently requiring some time period to recruit in those individuals who show it. When the responses to such bursts are averaged, however, the resulting read-out is quite dramatic. It is this average to brief trains of flashes that we have called the "average epoch response," simply to differentiate this sort of average from the single evoked response average which usually encompasses a shorter segment of time (4). In previous reports, it has been shown that there is a generalized cerebral response to repetitive photic stimulation (5,6). This response was seen to exhibit regional differences in waveform which appeared to be to some extent, a function of flicker repetition rate. It was postulated that these differences could be explained partially on the basis of the disparate afferent inputs between the occipital region and the other cortical areas, the former being dominated by the optic radiation fibers. A difference was found in the latency of the initial response of the train between anterior and posterior areas which suggests at least two pathways for the conduction of visual input to cortex. This was further supported by phase differences between later waves of the train response recorded at these loci as well as by major differences in envelope waveforms. Contamination of the response by extracerebral periorbital potentials was ruled out primarily on the basis of latency and waveform (7). The present study will extend the previous investigation presenting additional evidence for a multi-channel visual input to cortex. In addition, it will attempt to demonstrate a linkage between these systems and the alpha mechanism.
Physical and spiritual education within the framework of pure life

This paper aims at showing the dimensions of spirituality in childhood education by suggesting a new analysis of the concept of ‘pure life’ used in the Qur’an. Putting spirituality in the framework of the pure life provides us with a rich framework in dealing with spirituality as the latter will be extended to all dimensions of a life. In the first section of the paper, the pure life is analysed in terms of different dimensions of body, thought, inclinations, will, action and aesthetic taste. Then, the requirements of this framework are discussed for spirituality. In the final section of the paper, the implications for spiritual education in the childhood are derived.
Spatially explicit urban green indicators for characterizing vegetation cover and public green space proximity: a case study on Brussels, Belgium

ABSTRACT Cities often have a substantial green infrastructure, which provides local ecosystem services that improve the quality of life of urban residents. These services should be explicitly addressed in urban development policies, and areas with insufficient vegetation and limited access to public green spaces should be identified. This paper presents two spatially explicit urban green indicators that are derived using remote sensing imagery, freely available map data and spatial analysis tools from open source geospatial libraries and commercial software. The first indicator represents proportional green cover (public as well as private) in the vicinity of each building within a city. The second indicator quantifies the proximity of public green spaces as walking distances from buildings to actual park entrances. A dasymetric mapping approach was used to take spatial variations in population density into account. This allows representing the indicators from the perspective of citizens instead of buildings, which may be more meaningful for deriving statistics at city level or at the level of neighbourhoods or administrative zones. The potential use of these indicators in a planning context is discussed on a case study carried out for the city of Brussels, Belgium.
Oedipus and Cain: Brothers in arms

Abstract It is widely known that Freud gives Oedipus a central place in both his psychoanalytic theory and praxis. Freud introduces the Oedipus myth as the crucial key for understanding the tragedy of human life. One of the most problematic issues innate to the human condition is aggression. This paper argues: (1) that Freud's insights into human aggression can at the very least be viewed as one-sided and problematic; and (2) that the heuristic potential of the Oedipus myth is, correspondingly, limited. It considers how the Hungarian psychiatrist and analyst, Lipót Szondi, tries to bridge this gap using the myth of Cain and Abel. The aim of this paper is to explore how Szondi's interpretation of this myth offers a much more subtle approach to human aggression. Szondi's alternative and distinctive look at aggressive phenomena offers an exciting and fruitful addition to Freud's interpretation as exclusively referring to sadism and/or the death instinct. This contribution wants to highlight Szondi's amendment to Freud's Oedipus and aims to show that psychoanalysis can benefit from taking into account the mythical figures of Cain and Abel.
Which Type of Trust for Inter-firm Learning?

This study investigates the association between types of trust and inter-firm learning in buyer–supplier exchanges in an industrial cluster. More specifically, the study explores the impact of trust types on knowledge sharing among manufacturer and retailer SMEs in a furniture cluster. The results of empirical data from 158 manufacturers suggest no significant association between trust based on competence, reliability and predictability and inter-firm learning and a significant positive association between trust based on goodwill, benevolence and non-opportunism and inter-firm learning. The study findings integrate research on the relational and knowledge-related aspects of knowledge exchange at the dyadic inter-firm level.