Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pattern of partial edentulism in correlation to age and gender among a selected Saudi population

Objective: Documenting the prevalence and pattern of partial tooth loss is very important for identifying the prosthetic needs of the studied community as well as aiding the provision of educational and preventive materials suitable for this population in terms of language and composition. The aim of this study was to find the patterns of partial edentulism among a selected Saudi population and to correlate the pattern of partial edentulism with age and gender. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted on male and female dental patients of age above 21 years attending the screening clinics of King Fahad Hospital, Almadinah Province , Saudi Arabia. It was based on visual examination of the selected subjects for determining the pattern of the partial edentulism according to Kennedy’s Classification System with Applegate's modification rules. The cases belonged to Kennedy’s classes I, II, III and IV were categorized according to age and gender of the patient as well as the relation to the maxillary and mandibular arches. Results: The results of this study showed that; the patients with Kennedy’s Class III were found to be the most common pattern (56.5%), followed by Class II (23.6%) and class I (19.2%) while class IV was the least among the other classes (0.7%). It was also found that Kennedy’s Class III was founded more in the age group of 21–30 (78.5%) and least in the patients above 60 years old (31.8%). Conclusion: Kennedy’s Class III was the most commonly encountered pattern of partial edentulism in both upper and lower arches and Kennedy’s Class IV was the least common pattern. With age, an increase in the tendency to Class I & Class II and a decrease in Class III was shown with a statistical significant difference between the different age groups, on the other hand there was no statistical significant difference between both genders.
Role of anatomical variations in chronic rhinosinusitis on diagnostic nasal endoscopy and computed tomography scan of paranasal sinuses

Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common condition in which the cavities around nasal sinuses become inflamed for at least 12 weeks, despite treatment attempts. This condition interferes with drainage and causes mucus buildup. Microorganisms play a very significant role in the persistence and origination of this inflammatory process, although their exact role is unclear. According to the diagnostic guidelines by the Rhinosinusitis Task Force of the American Academy of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and revised by the Sinus and Allergy Health Partnership, chronic rhinosinusitis is diagnosed by clinical symptoms and signs which are divided into minor and major criteria. The major symptoms of chronic sino nasal diseases includes nasal obstruction, nasal discharge or purulence, Facial pressure or pain, fever, hyposmia or anosmia. The minor symptoms includes headache, halitosis, fatigue and dental pain. 1,2
Project Acceptability and Participation as Determinants of Beneficiaries’ Income in Fadama II Communities in Ogun State, Nigeria

This study investigates how project acceptability and participation determine beneficiaries’ income in ten local government areas that participated in Fadama II rural development project. Descriptive survey design of the ex-post facto type was adopted. Two objectives and two research questions were stated while two null hypotheses were tested. A self-designed instrument i.e. “rural development innovation acceptability and participation scale’’ with 0.73 reliability was administered complemented by focus group discussion. Data generated were analysed using descriptive statistics comprising frequency counts, percentages, mean score and content analysis as well as inferential statistics of multiple correlation matrix. Out of a total of 795 participants, 537(68%) were male while 258(32%) were females. Income sources of the respondents are 565(71%) farming, 107(13.5%) fishing, 33(4.1%) animal husbandry, 53(6.7%) public service, 31(3.9%) trading and 6 (0.8%) others. Beneficiaries in Ijebu North local government area ranked project acceptability 1st with 34.80 while participation was ranked 1st with 39.43 in Obafemi Owode local government area. Results of analysis showed there is a positive significant relationship between the dependent variable income and the two independent variables acceptability (r=0.292) and participation (r=0.793) at 0.05 level of significance. The study therefore recommended that the involvement of all stakeholders in projects acceptability and participation should be improved to ensure higher project impacts.
Effect of vitamin C on haematology and serum biochemistry in heat-stressed sheep

The present study was carried out to determine the effect of different doses of vitamin C on some blood parameters and serum biochemistry in heat-stressed sheep. A total of sixteen ewes were divided into four groups. First group was kept as control. Other three groups were treated orally with three doses of vitamin C (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg/day) for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, the results showed significant increase in blood parameters in the vitamin C supplemented groups including red blood cell count (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), lymphocyte and monocyte, while white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils and eosinophils decreased in treated groups. In serum biochemical parameters including glucose, cholesterol, total protein and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) concentration increased in treated groups.
Effects of Feeding Different Levels of Baker’s Yeast on Performance and Hematological Parameters in Broiler Chickens. J. World Poult. Res., 9 (2): 38-49.;

The effects of feeding baker’s yeast performance of Cobb 500 broilers were studied. Four nearly isocaloric and isonitrogenous starter and finisher rations were prepared. 240 chicks with an average initial body weight of 42g were randomly divided into 12 groups contained 4 treatments with 3 replications for each treatment. Treatment rations were containing 0, 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5% of baker’s yeast as T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. At the end of the trial, 3 males and 3 female chickens from each replication were slaughtered for carcass evaluation. The Crude Protein (CP) and Metabolizable Energy (ME) contents of baker’s yeast were 48% and 3615 kcal/kg DM, respectively. The CP content of the rations during the starter and finisher phases were 22% and 20%, respectively. The ME content of the rations during the starter and finisher phases were 3100 kcal/kg and 3200 kcal/kg respectively. Feed intake during the starter phase and entire trial period was lower for T4, whereas during the finisher phase in control diet group showed the highest feed intake than the other supplemental groups. The highest daily body weight gain was recorded in broilers fed T4 rations during starter phase, finisher phase and entire experimental period. Feed conversion ratio of T4 and T3 groups was better than T2 and T1. T3 and T4 groups had higher eviscerated percentages. Blood parameters results showed that fed broilers yeast containing ration had higher WBC, PCV and Hb. Partial budget analysis indicated that the highest net income, marginal rate of return and chicks’ sale to feed cost were obtained for T3 followed by T4. Baker’s yeast can be an important feed additive, which can be included up to 2.5% of the total ration and improve the overall performance of broilers without compromising the hematological indices of broiler chickens.
Benzodiazepine as an Adjuvant in Management of Depression

Objective: To assess the effects of benzodiazepines in management of depression. Methodology: An open label 8 week study of escitalopram with or without benzodiazepines in moderate to severe depression. 30 subjects willing to give written informed consent, fulfilling the inclusion, exclusion criteria were included in the study and grouped into escitalopram alone or escitalopram with benzodiazepines. Results: In the study 60% of the subjects were prescribed benzodiazepines, i.e. clonazepam. Though escitalopram with clonazepam had faster onset of action in controlling depressive symptoms than escitalopram alone, there was no significant difference in the pattern of reduction of MADRS score in both the groups. Conclusion: Benzodiazepines as adjuvant to antidepressants are commonly used in management of depression, but benefits of combination are unclear.
Iron and iodine supplementation in school children in Ngargoyoso sub-district, Karanganyar regency, Central Java, Indonesia

Background: Schoolchildren living in iodine deficient area are not only vulnerable to iodine deficiency, but also to other micro-nutrient deficiencies. Recent screening on hematologic status in Ngargoyoso sub-district showed very high prevalence of anaemia among school children. Objectives: The present study was designed to test hypothesis that adding iron to iodine supplementation will improve both iodine and hematologic status in schoolchildren living in IDD endemic area. Methods: Three hundred and sixty five school children from year three (± 8 years old) from 22 state-owned elementary schools in Ngargoyoso sub-district were clustered-randomly assigned into two groups. The first group (N=211)) received 60 mg elemental iron (200 mg FeSO4) twice weekly and 100 µg iodine (KIO3) daily via drinking water, for six weeks. The second group (N=154) received 60 mg elemental iron (200mg FeSO4) six days a week and 100 µg iodine (KIO3) daily via drinking water, for six weeks. Both groups received Albendazole 400 mg given in single dose, before starting supplementation. Hemoglobin concentration was measured using haematin-chloride (Sahli) method. Urinary iodine excretion (UIE) was measured using Method A (ammonium persulfate) in an accredited IDD Laboratory in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. Goitre prevalence was measured by palpation method. Total goitre rate (TGR) is the sum of grade 1 and grade 2. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows release 17.0 (Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Before treatment 98.6% of schoolchildren (N = 365) were anemic (Hb<11,5 g/dl). Median urinary iodine excretion (UIE) was 248.5 µg/L, but 14.6% were below 100 µg/L. After six weeks supplementation hemoglobin concentration increased from 9.827 ± 0,719 g/dl in group one to 10.183 ± 0.742 g/dl, whereas in group two there was an increased in hemoglobin concentration from 9.645 ± 0.591 g/dl to 10.196 ± 0.611 g/dl. Median UIE also increased from 248.5 µg/L to 319 µg/L after six weeks supplementation. The proportion of schoolchildren with UIE less than 100 µg/L also decreased from 14.6% to 7.5%. The difference between groups was significant. Total goitre rate (TGR) was 9.3% at basal, and a follow up is needed. Conclusion: Adding iron to iodine supplementation via drinking water was effective in improving hemoglobin status and iodine intake among school children in Ngargoyoso sub-district, Karanganyar regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Keywords: iron, iodine, hemoglobin, urinary iodine excretion.
Effect of Formaldehyde Inhalation on the Olfactory Bulb of Adult Rats

Background: Formaldehyde is a widely used chemical substance in our present society. There were frequently reported complains of variable degree of olfactory disturbance among high risk groups exposed to formaldehyde inhalation. Aim of the work: The present work was done to study the structural changes which occur in the olfactory bulb of adult albino rats following chronic exposure to formaldehyde inhalation. Material and Methods: A total number of thirty adult male rats were used in this study. They were divided into three groups. Group A (n=10) was considered as a control group. Groups B (n=10) was experimental group treated with formaldehyde inhalation 8 hours/day, 6 days/week for one month, Group C (n=10) was experimental group treated with formaldehyde inhalation 8 hours/day, 6 days/week for two months. At the end of the experiment the animals were sacrificed, the brains were extracted and the olfactory bulb was dissected out. In all studied groups specimens of the olfactory bulb were processed to be studied by Einarson's Gallocyanin stain and Golgi-Cox method. Transmission electron microscopy was done in groups A and C. Results: The rats treated with formaldehyde inhalation for one month (group B), showed some degenerated cells in all layers of the olfactory bulb. The mitral and tufted cells had some decrease in the extension of dendrites. In group C which treated with formaldehyde inhalation for two months, there was apparent degeneration of all cells of the olfactory bulb. Golgi-Cox stain showed marked decrease in the extension and branching of dendrites of the mitral and tufted cells. Ultra structural study of the mitral and tufted cells showed degenerative changes involved both the nucleus and the cytoplasmic organelles. Morphometeric measurements showed a significant decrease in the number of the mitral cells and granule cells in group B as compared with the control group. While group C showed highly significant decrease in mitral and granule cells in comparison with the control group. These results indicated that the degeneration and the loss of cells of the olfactory bulb increased with the increase of the period of exposure to formaldehyde. All these morphological changes suggested that exposure to formaldehyde inhalation could lead to functional disturbance ranged from hyposmia to anosmia. These effects represent great problems especially for the high risk groups; anatomists, technicians in histology, as well as medical students during their dissection course. So, it was recommended that persons who are exposed to formaldehyde inhalation should take the precautions during work as wearing protective masks and take care of good ventilation in the medical laboratories. [Sayed Anwar Sayed, Faten Youssif Mahmoud, Rasha I. Anwar and Rasha Mohammed Zaghloul Abdel Fatah. Effect of Formaldehyde Inhalation on the Olfactory Bulb of Adult Rats. J Am Sci 2013;9(9):72-82]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience. org. 11
EC PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY Mini Review An Opportunity in the Realm of Off-Target Effects

The increasing cost of drug discovery and drug resistance are the major issues limiting the clinical uses of drugs. Drug toxicity is another limiting factor for many drugs including chemotherapeutic molecule. Many major drugs have become prone to drug resistance in last decade. While drug affordability has become major topic of debate in recent years. Traditional drug discovery has limited success in counteracting aforementioned giants. Hence, this review has tried to focus on alternative approach that can help to overcome these problems and reduce the cost of drug discovery. Majority of drugs facing resistance act against single target in the target cell/organism. The careful selection of targets other than the main target may help in minimizing the undesired off-target effects while selectively choosing the off-target effects that can be beneficial in clinic. This review will discuss the applicability of this strategy along with major scope. We will also discuss the clinical issues that can be tackled using such a drug-discovery strategy along with the economic benefits of this approach.
Prophylatic Potential of Lemon Grass and Neem as Antimalarial Agents

Prophylactic activities of methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts of neem and lemon grass against plasmodium development in mice were investigated. Various extracts of the plants were prepared with soxhlet apparatus. Growth and reproduction of malarial parasite in the treated animals was delayed 3 days after treatment. The mean % parasitaemia obtained in mice administered with methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of lemon grasss were 43.01%, 50.21% and 48.08% while those treated with methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts of neem displayed 59.54%, 61.50% and 13.4% respectively indicating the anti – plasmodial activity of both plants. It is therefore, concluded that the activities of these plants depend neither on weight of the mice nor dosage but on the solvent used. The parasitaemia development in the group treated with standard drug (Malariech) was significantly minimal having 2.47% and 88.23% % parasitamia and average % suppression recorded. Aqueous Neem extract exhibited highest suppressive effect 76.21% followed by Lemon grass in respect of the methanolic(43.67%) and aqueous(38.07%) extracts as compared with methanolic(25.47%) and ethanolic(23.32%) extracts of Neem. The suppressive value of aqueous neem extract 76.21%, was considered significant and could serve as sufficient replacement for conventional antimalarial drugs that easily loose their potency with the impending development of resistance. © 2015 Elixir All rights reserved. ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received: 24 June 2015; Received in revised form: 20 July 2015; Accepted: 28 July 2015;
J Cancer Oncol 2017, 1(2): 000108

Cancer of the cervix is still claiming the lives of women worldwide and Malawi has not been spared. Of the 16 countries with the highest incidence of cervical cancer in Africa, Malawi has the highest, with an incidence of 75.9. Being a reproductive disease, male involvement is critical as men control approximately 95% of sexual relationships in Malawi, but their role in cervical cancer prevention is not known. This study was carried out to investigate the knowledge and practices of married men regarding cervical cancer and screening. Methods: A cross-sectional study recruited 396 married men. Collected data were analyzed by using SPSS for Windows
PREVALENCE OF ANAEMIA AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN NORTHERN NIGERIA

Background: Anaemia in is an important public health concern in developing countries, particularly in pregnant women. It may complicate pregnancy, sometimes resulting in terrible outcomes. There is a lack of information on the magnitude of anemia among pregnant women in northern Nigeria. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care at health facility in northern Nigeria. Design: A facility-based cross-sectional study, Setting: The survey was conducted in four northern Nigerian states namely: Jigawa, Katsina, Zamfara and Yobe States. The state has a total of 667 health facilities with primary, secondary and tertiary levels of care. Participant: Involving 1536 pregnant women, was conducted from May to June 2013. Hemoglobin was measured using a HemoCue device. Result: Overall, prevalence of anemia was 70.9%, of which Yobe State (88.8%) followed by Jigawa State (71.1%), then Zamfara state (62.2%) and Katsina (61.4%). The degree of anaemia cases ranged from mild to severe forms. Conclusion: This study showed an alarming prevalence of anaemia among the pregnant women. Routine testing of pregnant women for anaemia and creating awareness on factors predisposing to anemia is recommended.
A Study of Clinical Profile of Paediatric Stridor in Tertiary Medical College Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of ENT, Govt Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College Hospital, Salem,Tamilnadu 2 Assistant Professor, Department of ENT, Govt Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College Hospital, Salem Tamilnadu Corresponding Author Dr M.Krishnasundari MS ENT 34/9A, Vidhyalaya road, Seerangapalayam west, Salem -636007 Email: drkrishnasundari@gmail.com, 9443355573 ABSTRACT Introduction: Condition causing stridor in paediatric patient can range from minor illness to life threatening disorders. Proper diagnosis and evaluation is mandatory for timely intervention. Aim of the study: The objective of this study is to determine the aetiological profile and management of paediatric patient with stridor attending otorinolarynglogy department in Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College Hospital, Salem. Materials and Methods: This is an observation study of 50 cases of stridor in infants and children below 12 years presented in the department of Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College Hospital, Salem, Tamilnadu over a period of 2 years from Jan 2014 to Feb 2016. Results: In our study of 50 cases of stridor,common age group of presentation was less than 2 years (62%) with male preponderance (60%), Common etiology was croup(56%), laryngomalacia(26%),foreign body aspiration(8%), angioneurotic edema (6%), and post extubation stridor (4%) Out of 50 casses 76% presented with acute complaints and 24% presented with chronic complaints.
Power flow methods for loss allocation in radial distribution networks with DG’s

This paper proposes an LA method that can be applied to radial medium voltage distribution systems with DGs. The method starts by assigning zero power losses to a specific group of nodes. Then, the power loss allocated to other nodes is calculated based on the power loss of the lines connecting the zero assigned nodes and these nodes. Since this method results in over-recovery of total loss, normalization is executed at the end to compensate. The method is simple and is based on the results of power flow.
AN EFFECTIVE QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF LOVASTATIN FROM PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS USING UV AND HPLC

Lovastatin is a best known drug, which effectively inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis. In this study, lovastatin was produced from Pleurotus ostreatus by solid state fermentation process. Lovastatin was quantified by microbial assay using Candida albicans in the culture extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus. Maximum yield of 113μg/ml was obtained with wheat bran as solid substrate, followed by rice bran, rice straw and sugarcane bagasse. In chickpea shells, no yield and growth was found. Presence of lovastatin was confirmed by high pressure liquid chromatography where lovastatin was eluted out at 4.3min.
Endometrial histopathological changes associated with dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding occurs in the absence of any pelvic pathology with disruption of normal patterns of endometrial stimulation. It is diagnosed by exclusion and is found more commonly in women around perimenopausal age and increases till menopause. Diagnosis is by histopathologic examination. Methods: Endometrial biopsies of 100 women in the reproductive and perimenopausal age were examined. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding was found to be more in the reproductive age group followed by perimenopausal ages. Menorrhagia (43%) and polymenorrhia (22%) were the most common types of bleeding patterns. Histopathological pattern of endometrium mostly shows proliferative changes (60%). Diagnosis of dysfunctional uterine bleeding is necessary to identify changes early so as to prevent complications.
Torsional Irregularity of Multi-storey Structures

Damage reports on recent earthquakes have indicated that torsional motions often cause significant damage to buildings, at times leading to their collapse. The objective of this work aimed a better understanding of the torsional behaviour of building systems. In this analysis both symmetric and asymmetric structures with plan irregularity are compared. Symmetric structures have centre of mass coinciding with the centre of rigidity and the torsion effect in such structures occurs out of accidental eccentricity whereas in asymmetric structures have irregular distribution of mass and stiffness and its centre of mass and centre of rigidity do not coincide and hence causes the torsional effect on the structures which is one of the most important factor influencing the seismic damage of the structure. To assess the torsional effect on the structures in the present study 4 types of structures having same outer perimeter area are considered and strengthened by introduction of shear wall cores. A simple linear comparison based on eccentricity is also carried out for G+12 and G+17 structures. Structures with asymmetric distribution of mass and stiffness undergoes torsional motions during earthquake. The performance of the structures is assessed as per the procedure prescribe in IS 1893:2002 and ASCE 7-05. The analysis of the structural models is carried out using ETABS software.