Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in Some Blood Biochemical and Haematological Parameters in Goats after Aminoglycoside and Aminocyclitol Treatment at Therapeutic Doses

The aim of the present study was to determine the changes in some blood biochemical and haematological parameters in healthy female goats after a 5-day parenteral treatment with gentamicin (4 mg/kg), tobramycin (5 mg/kg), amikacin (10 mg/kg), kanamycin (10 mg/kg), apramycin (20 mg/kg), and spectinomycin (20 mg/kg). The results indicated that aminoglycosides caused more severe alterations than aminocyclitols, especially on those parameters related to renal function. There was a tendency toward a rise in plasma creatinine and urea levels after aminoglycoside treatment, as well as a rise in urea levels after aminocyclitol administration. These antibiotics caused decreases in plasma or serum glucose, sodium and chloride levels, erythrocytes and leukocytes counts, haematocrit percentage and haemoglobin concentration. For plasma or serum total protein, total lipids, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and magnesium concentrations and differential white blood cell counts, various changes occurred. As a whole, these antibiotics have the potential to alter biochemical and haematological values in female goats after their use at therapeutic doses.
Chorus attendance by male and female painted reed frogs ( Hyperolius marmoratus ): environmental factors and selection pressures.

1. The numbers of male and female Painted Reed Frogs (Hyperolius marmoratus) were monitored over 28 consecutive nights at the height of the breeding season. Despite arguments that male and female numbers should be highly correlated we found that only 32% of the variance in female numbers was explained by the number of males present. 2. To assess our prediction that attendance was determined by considerations other than optimal access to mates we modelled attendance patterns using a wide range of environmental variables. 3. Male and female attendance patterns were best described by different models. For males, 76.6% of the variance in nightly attendance was accounted for by the following variables: a constant, evaporation, pond depth on the previous night, rainfall, atmospheric pressure at 1400 h. wind on the previous day and the number of days since rain. The nature of the inter-relationships suggest that males are primed to attend the chorus unless conditions are liable to lead to increased evaporative water loss. 4. The female model accounted for 87.8% of the nightly variation in attendance and incorporated the following variables: number of males present, number of hours of sunshine on the previous day, wind on the previous day, rainfall 2 days previously, humidity at 1900 h and minimum temperature. The data suggest that females are more selective about the timing of attendance than are males. Specifically, it appears that females attend when conditions favour the rapid development of larvae.
Knowledge and Determinants of Mother Kangaroo Care (MKC) at the Hospital Environment of Lubumbashi in DR Congo: About a Survey Carried out at Jason Sendwe Hospital

The poor heat chain observed in developing countries remains an important risk factor for premature death. Mother Kangaroo care (MKC) presents itself as an efficient alternative for the improvement of the conditions for raising premature babies to a poorly equipped area. The objective of this study was to determine the level of knowledge of the MKC and to identify the factors influencing said knowledge. This was a qualitative survey-type study that involved 50 people met in the pediatrics department of Jason Sendwe Hospital from March 1st to 31st, 2018. At the end of our analyzes, it comes out that 96% of people met had already been informed about the MKC method; only 42% of our respondents have a global knowledge of the MKC method; the age above 40 years old, the quality of a medical Doctor and the affectation to neonatology are the factors that are positively associated in an independent way with good knowledge of the method of MKC. The popularization of the MKC method must remain a priority in our under-equipped environments in order to considerably reduce neonatal mortality in general and the lethality of prematurity in particular.
Early evolutionary history of the flowering plant family Annonaceae: steady diversification and boreotropical geodispersal

Aim Rain forest‐restricted plant families show disjunct distributions between the three major tropical regions: South America, Africa and Asia. Explaining these disjunctions has become an important challenge in biogeography. The pantropical plant family Annonaceae is used to test hypotheses that might explain diversification and distribution patterns in tropical biota: the museum hypothesis (low extinction leading to steady accumulation of species); and dispersal between Africa and Asia via Indian rafting versus boreotropical geodispersal.
PERFORMANS KELINCI LOKAL (Lepus nigricollis) YANG DIBERI RANSUM DENGAN KANDUNGAN ENERGI BERBEDA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui performans kelinci jantan lokal (Lepus nigricollis) yang diberi ransum dengan kandungan energi termetabolis berbeda. Percobaan dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan empat perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah: ransum dengan kandungan energi termetabolis 2200 K.kal/kg (R1), 2500 K.kal/kg (R2), 2800 K.kal/kg (R3) dan 3100 K.kal/kg (R4). Ransum dibuat iso protein dengan kandungan protein kasar 16%. Kelinci yang dipergunakan adalah kelinci jantan lokal lepas sapih dengan umur 4-5 minggu. Variabel yang diamati adalah koefisien cerna bahan kering, efisiensi perubahan GE menjadi DE, berat badan akhir, konsumsi ransum, pertambahan berat badan dan konsumsi air minum. Tidak terjadi perbedaan yang nyata (P>0,05) pada perlakuan ransum terhadap variabel koefisien cerna bahan kering, efisiensi perubahan GE menjadi DE dan konsumsi air minum. Kelinci yang mendapat perlakuan ransum R1 menghasilkan berat badan akhir paling rendah yang berbeda nyata (P 0,05) dibandingkan dengan R4. Nilai konversi ransum pada kelinci yang mendapat perlakuan R1 paling tinggi yang berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dibandingkan dengan R2, R3 dan R4. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ransum dengan kandungan energi termetabolis 2800 K.kal/kg (R3) menghasilkan performans lebih tinggi daripada 2200 K.kal/kg (R1), 2500 K.kal/kg (R2) dan 3100 K.kal/kg (R4).
Movement Patterns of Frugivorous Birds Promote Functional Connectivity among Chaco Serrano Woodland Fragments in Argentina

Movement patterns of frugivorous birds may be altered in anthropogenically fragmented landscapes, with possible consequences for seed dispersal and plant recruitment. We studied the movement patterns and functional connectivity of six frugivorous bird species (Colaptes melanochloros, Thraupis bonariensis, Pitangus sulphuratus, Saltator aurantiirostris, Turdus amaurochalinus, and Elaenia spp.) in a fragmented Chaco‐woodland landscape in Argentina. We recorded the directions of bird movements (arrivals and departures) and whether their destination was oriented toward a specific neighboring fragment. We evaluated the movement rates, distance of interpatch movement, and functional connectivity within the landscape for the six bird species. We applied a novel approach, graph theory, to represent bird movement patterns in the landscape and the functional connections among fragments for each bird species. Bird movements were recorded at point‐count stations established along the edges of each fragment. The directions of arrival and departure movements from and to neighboring fragments revealed complex movement patterns. However, the destination of bird movements after leaving the focal fragments was usually concentrated on only a few neighboring fragments of different sizes. Pitangus sulphuratus and T. bonariensis showed larger movement rates and higher functional connectivity (number of graphs and functional area) than the other frugivorous species. The functional connectivity mediated by movement of frugivorous birds may promote seed dispersal of many bird‐dispersed plant species. As forest loss and fragmentation of Chaco subtropical forests increase, understanding the pivotal role of mobile links exerted by avian seed dispersers is vital to maintaining and conserving this unique ecosystem.
FEMALE SEX PHEROMONE IN KORSCHELTELLUS GRACILIS (GROTE) (LEPIDOPTERA: HEPIALIDAE)

Abstract In laboratory wind tunnel studies, quiescent Korscheltellus gracilis (Grote) females initiated wing fanning as light intensity was reduced to 25–11 lx at the end of a 16-h, 450-lx photophase. Males downwind of a wing-fanning female initiated wing fanning, rapid walking, or both, and upwind flight toward the female typically ensued shortly thereafter. Wing-fanning females whose abdomens had been removed, and excised hind wings of females evoked the same male responses, but females whose hind wings had been removed evoked no male response. The sex pheromone of K. gracilis evidently is released from the female’s hind wings, a so far unique site of pheromone release in female Lepidoptera. The importance of this finding to understanding the mating system of hepialids and the ancestral form of pheromone release among the Lepidoptera is considered. Résumé En soufflerie, des femelles immobiles de Korscheltellus gracilis (Grote) ont commencé à battre des ailes lorsque l’intensité lumineuse fût réduite à 25–11 lx, à la fin d’une photophase de 16 h à 450 lx. La réponse typique des mâles placés en aval d’une femelle battant des ailes a commencé soit par des battements d’ailes, ou une marche rapide, ou les deux, suivis par un vol en direction de la femelle. Des femelles dépourvues d’abdomen et battant des ailes, et des ailes postérieures isolées de femelles suscitèrent les mêmes réponses de la part des mâles, mais les femelles dépourvues d’ailes postérieures ne suscitèrent aucune réponse. La phéromone sexuelle de K. gracilis est manifestement émise au niveau des ailes postérieures des femelles, ce qui représente à ce jour un site unique d’émission de phéromone chez les femelles de lépidoptères. Nous discutons l’importance de cette découverte pour comprendre le système d’accouplement des Hépialidés et la forme primitive d’émission de phéromone chez les lépidoptères.
The Use of Mentor Pollination to Facilitate Wide Hybridization in Blueberry

Two diploid yellowleaf Vaccinium elliottii Chapmn. clones were pollinated with pollen from the tetraploid southern highbush cultivar 'Misty' (largely V. corymbosum L). These interspecific crosses, which normally yield few hybrids because of a triploid block, were made with and without the use of V. elliottii mentor pollen mixed with V. corymbosum pollen. Mentoring had no effect on the number of hybrids produced when V. elliottii 'Silverhill' was the seed parent, but when V. elliottii 'Oleno' was the seed parent, no hybrids were produced unless mentor pollen was utilized. The difference was postulated to be a greater ability to produce one-seeded berries in 'Silverhill' than in 'Oleno'.
Coral reef sponges: Do predatory fishes affect their distribution?

The predatory activities of fishes are thought to have little impact on the distribution and abundance of sponges on Caribbean coral reefs. To test this premise, 15 species of sponges were transplanted from mangrove and grassbed habitats, where spongivorous fishes are rare, to shallow patch reefs, where spongivorous fishes are common. Twelve of these 15 sponge species could also be found in cryptic locations, but not in conspicuous locations, on nearby reefs. After 3 d, there was significant loss of wet mass of uncaged sponges versus caged sponges for nine sponge species because of consumption by spongivores, primarily angelfishes. A mean of >50% of the sponge tissue was consumed for seven species: Chondrilla nucula, Chondrosia collectrix, Geodia gibberosa, Halichondria sp. , Halichondria melanodocia, Myriastra kalitetilla, and Tedania ignis. These results, in addition to other recent data on the chemical defenses of Caribbean reef sponges against generalist predatory fishes, suggest that predation plays an important role in structuring the reef sponge community and that predation limits the distribution of some Caribbean sponges.
Apple bruise detection by electrical impedance measurement

Electrical impedance was used to determine the extent of tissue damage that occurred as a result of bruising of apple fruit ( Malus ×domestica Borkh, cvs. Granny Smith and Splendour). Impedance measurements were made before and after bruising. Plots of reactance against resistance at 36 spot frequencies between 50 Hz and 1 MHz traced a semicircular arc, which contracted in magnitude after bruising. A number of character- istics of these curves were then related to bruise weight. The change in resistance that occurred as a result of fruit impact ( ΔR50Hz) was the best predictor of bruise weight, with r 2 values up to 0.71. Before bruising, resistance of fruit was higher in 'Splendour' than in 'Granny Smith' ( P < 0.001), and at 0 °C than at 20 °C (P < 0.001), but was not influenced by fruit weight. The influence of apple cultivar and temperature on electrical impedance may cause difficulties when implementing these measurements in a commercial situation. However, further development of electrical impedance spectroscopy methodologies may result in convenient research techniques for assessing bruise weight without having to wait for browning of the flesh.
The Study of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Adoption by Farmer in Improving Lowland Rice Farming

The study of entrepreneurship and the adoption of innovations in farming so far shows a one-sided approach using a single equation model. It is not able to explore more in-depth information to improve farm management. This study aims to study (i) the performance of farming, (ii) the role of entrepreneurship and the adoption of innovative tractor use, and (iii) find the relationship between entrepreneurship, adoption of innovation, and the application of cultivation technology to the performance of lowland rice farming. The study was conducted in the village of Mattiro Ade, Patampanua sub-district, Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi province. The survey was done on 50 lowland rice farmers who applied the tractor and combine harvester technology. The study uses a descriptive approach and the method of path analysis (partly least square). The results showed that the technology of tractor and combine harvester could improve farming performance, with an average yield of 6.62 tons of rice per hectare, a profit of 21.9 million rupiahs per hectare, with an R/C ratio of 3.21. Farmers exhibit perceptions of entrepreneurship and technology adoption at moderate levels. Farmers show limitations in access to information, loans or venture capital, and training in the use of tractors. The adoption of innovations by farmers deals with obstacles in terms of tractor operations, tractor prices, and the weak role of farmer groups. Entrepreneurship and technology adoption have a significant role in increasing the performance of lowland rice farming, where technology plays a role as an intervening variable. This research has important implications, namely the provision of extension workers and the empowerment of farmer groups to facilitate technology adoption and increase entrepreneurial entrepreneurship in farm management. JEL Classification : L26 , O35, Q12
Regional differences in climate factors controlling chum and pink salmon abundance

Chum and pink salmon abundances vary on a decadal time-scale. We examined the relationship between large-scale climate indices (CIs), regional climate factors (RFs), and rates of change in regional catches (RCs) of chum and pink salmon in five regions of the North Pacific. Correlation coefficients of RCs with RFs were larger than those of RCs with CIs, although the correlation coefficient of particular variables varied among regions. Climate affected salmon stocks as indicated by significant relationships with various terrestrial and ocean climate factors on a regional scale. These results suggest that no single CI or RF controls salmon abundance in all regions; however, global climate changes could affect regional climate directly and regional salmon abundance indirectly. A warming trend in the North Pacific might affect the long-term change in salmon abundance. The mechanisms controlling regional salmon abundance must be understood better to forecast successfully future conditions for Pacific salmon stocks, because the response of salmon stocks to global climate change varies among regions.
Drinking alcohol as a way of coping with stress in students of medical faculties.

OBJECTIVES The relationship between stress coping style and motivation to alcohol consumption was studied in the context of alcohol dependence risk in medical students. METHODS Study group included 268 med students. Authors used the Alcohol Use Dependency Identification Test (AUDIT), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) as well as self-designed questionnaire to collect demographic data and examine motivation and usual situations related to alcohol consumption in students. RESULTS 94% of students reported alcohol consumption during past year. Risky or harmful alcohol use was found in 16% of med students and 22% of dentistry students, high risk of alcohol dependency was diagnosed in 2% of cases. More than 50% of students reported drinking for coping motives. Data on coping styles do not show statistically significant differences in terms of the main stress coping style: task-, emotion-, and avoidance-oriented. Medicine students used avoidance-oriented coping (social diversion subtype) more often than dentistry students. There was no correlation between stress coping styles, drinking motives and alcohol dependence risk in the studied group. CONCLUSIONS Lack of correlations may indicate that the studied group used coping strategies other than alcohol drinking. It is essential to create environment for medical students, that would enhance healthy stress coping strategies and promote early prevention.
Long‐Term Effects of Forestry on Birds of the Eastern Canadian Boreal Forests: a Comparison with Fennoscandia

Abstract: Logging is considered the most important threat to species in boreal forests. In contrast to eastern Canada, where most boreal forests remain largely untouched, in Fennoscandia it is possible to assess the cumulative, long‐term effects of intensive forestry on wildlife. But harvesting of stands is rapidly changing Canadian boreal forests, which represent an important proportion of the world's boreal forests. We show that Fennoscandia and eastern Canada present striking similarities in terms of forest‐age structure, natural‐disturbance regime, and structure of bird assemblages, and we provide an assessment of the long‐term effects of forestry on eastern Canadian birds of the boreal forest. We used life‐history traits from habitat, nesting site, and geographical range to calculate an index of sensitivity to changes induced by modern forestry for boreal species of each region. Tropical migrants commonly found in eastern Canadian boreal forests have life‐history traits that are not threat factors in relation to changes caused by modern forestry. Therefore, the general belief that tropical migrants in North America are more sensitive to landscape changes than those in Europe may not hold for species found in the boreal coniferous forests of eastern Canada. Nine Fennoscandian species present high levels of sensitivity, and at least eight eastern Canadian species are of similar concern. In both regions, most of the sensitive species are resident cavity nesters. Given the important similarities between the two regions, the northern expansion of commercial forestry in eastern Canada is likely to result in the significant decline of several resident species, as has occurred in Fennoscandia.
Seasonal changes in condition, reproduction and fecundity in the wild European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

A total of 1248 rabbits (Oryctolagus amiculus) were shot on farmland in Cambridgeshire, UK over a period of three years. This provided pooled estimates of changes in reproductive and body condition and of fecundity during the annual cycle. Both males and females showed a significant annual cycle in reproductive condition as indicated by changes in the size of the gonads and accessory glands of reproduction. No females were pregnant during October, November and December, but males with active spermatogenesis were found during every month of the year. The distribution of pregnancies through the year showed that the reproductive season varied greatly between individuals. Peak fecundity occurred during April, May and June. On average, each female conceived 23.9 and suckled 17.2 young per breeding season. Proportionately more young died during the early stages of the reproductive season. The body weight of adult males, but not of females, varied seasonally. Body condition (kidney fat index) in adults was maximal at the start of the breeding season and minimal at the end.
Designing forest vegetation management strategies based on the mechanisms and dynamics of crop tree competition by neighbouring vegetation

Summary Plant interactions can be defi ned as the ways plants act upon the growth, fi tness, survival and reproduction of other plants, largely by modifying their environment. These interactions can be positive (facilitation) or negative (competition or exploitation). During plantation establishment or natural forest regeneration after a disturbance, high light levels and, sometimes, increased availability of water and nutrients favour the development of opportunistic, fast-growing herbaceous and woody species which capture resources at the expense of crop trees. As a consequence, the growth and survival of crop trees can be dramatically reduced. Although the effects of this competition are well documented, the physical and physiological mechanisms of competition are not. Moreover, the competition process is never constant in time or space. We present a conceptual competition model based on plant growth forms common in global forests, i.e. graminoids, forbs, small shrubs, large shrubs and mid-storey trees, and main-storey trees. Their competitive attributes and successional dynamics are examined. An overview is presented on the way forest vegetation management (FVM) treatments infl uence these components and outcomes regarding crop tree performance and diversity conservation. Finally, a synthesis of literature yields FVM guidelines for effi ciently optimizing crop tree performance and safeguarding diversity. Future research needs to further sustainable FVM are presented.
Enzymatic preparation of L‐α‐glycerylphosphorylcholine in an aqueous medium

L-α-Glycerylphosphorylcholine (L-α-GPC) was successfully prepared from phosphatidylcholine (PC) of food-grade soy lecithin powder using a novel enzymatic reaction in an aqueous medium. 94.5% yield of L-α-GPC was obtained under the optimal conditions of 55°C, 6.67 mg/mL substrate, 2 mM CaCl2, and 33.4 U/mL phospholipase A1 (Lecitase Ultra). L-α-GPC at 98% purity, 73.4% (wt%) recovery, and specific rotation () of −2.5° was achieved by silica gel column chromatography. Owing to its excellent catalytic efficiency, low cost, and ready availability, phospholipase A1 (Lecitase Ultra) provides a very satisfactory option for converting PC to L-α-GPC. Practical applications: L-α-Glycerylphosphorylcholine (L-α-GPC) has been studied recently for its potential use as a supplement that may support neurological functions, but it is only found in trace amounts in nature. The present results indicate that Lecitase Ultra can be used for producing L-α-GPC from aqueous PC and suggest encouraging prospects for practical or industrial applications utilizing its notable catalytic performance, economy, and convenience.