Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recognition of facial emotions in individuals with a Stroke

Background: Many stroke patients have significant difficulties recognizing facial expressions. This kind of impairment can have profound effect on social functioning. Objectives: To assess the degree of difficulty of stroke patients in the recognition of facial emotional expressions and their possible relation with lesion laterality location, gender, injury severity, and functional capacity in activities of daily living. Methods: An observational study of 48 patients admitted to the Brain Injury Unit of Aita Menni Hospital (Guipúzcoa) with a diagnosis of stroke. Patients were evaluated using the Emotion Recognition Scale for Patients with Schizophrenia (PERE), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Barthel Index, and FIM / FAM functional independence scale. Results: Patients recognized 65.73% of the photographs. There were no significant differences in the recognition of emotions in patients with stroke in the right or left hemisphere or between male and female patients. There is a direct relationship be-tween the degree of injury severity and the difficulty in the recognition of emotions. Conclusions: Stroke causes a severe difficulty in the ability to recognize emotions in faces. This difficulty seems to be positively related to stroke severity but not to lesion laterality or gender.
Magma flow directions of post Jotnian dolerite sills in central-east Sweden: a magnetic fabric and paleomagnetic survey

Abstract An anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and paleomagnetic study has been performed on post-Jotnian basic sills of the Ulvö complex, of the Central Scandinavian Dolerite Group (CSDG). The CSDG intruded some 1.27 Ga ago in the central part of the Fennoscandian Shield and extends over an area of c. 150 000 km2. Previously presented AMS data of the CSDG sills from south-central and northern Sweden indicated a NW or SE directed magma flow. In this study new measurements of the AMS reveal a fairly uniform pattern of NW-SE lineation directions also for the dolerites of the Ulvö complex. While the magma is flowing in a dyke or a sill, elongated particles become imbricated against the chilled margins, and the AMS can be used to determine not only the lineation but also the true direction of the magma flow. An imbrication pattern defined for one of the sills suggests that the magma propagated from the present NW towards SE. The established paleomagnetic pole position (Plat=−3° and Plon=157°) is in very good agreement with other paleomagnetic data from the Ulvö complex and from other parts of the CSDG. The new AMS data from the Ulvö complex presented in this study fit well in to the magnetic fabric pattern previously presented for the CSDG sills and support a plate tectonic model suggesting that the CSDG is a related to the break up of Baltica from Laurentia at c. 1.27 Ga ago.
Bryophytes as a special mesohabitat for meiofauna in a rip‐rapped channel

Rock rip‐rap is commonly used by river engineers for bank stabilization. However, there is a general lack of information on invertebrate communities inhabiting these structures. This study examines the permanent and temporary meiofauna dwelling in dense clumps of an aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica growing on rock rip‐rap along a side channel of the Morava river, Czech Republic. We estimated the amount of fine particulate matter (total trapped matter, TM) trapped in the moss as both a habitat and food source for meiofauna. Total mean numbers of the moss‐dwelling meiofauna per 10 g dry weight of moss and 1 m2 of the bottom area were 253 917 ± 178 335 (mean ± SD) and 7 160 461 ± 5 029 047 individuals, respectively, during October 1999–November 2000. Out of 20 operational taxonomic units, Bdelloidea was the dominant group with about 76% of the total meiofauna numbers followed by Monogononta (11.23%), Nematoda (6.38%), Chironomidae (4.08%) and Oligochaeta (1.06%). Coarse trapped matter (500–1000 µm) contributed about 4% to the total, medium TM (100–500 µm) around 14% and the finest TM (30–100 µm) 82%. Organic matter (OM) forms 10% of the total TM. The seasonal variations in TM, OM and mineral matter and their size fractions have significantly correlated (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, P < 0.05 or 0.01) with densities of Oligochaeta, Hydrachnidia, Cladocera, Harpacticoida, nauplii of Copepoda, Chironomidae. In regulated channels, rock rip‐rap overgrown by aquatic bryophytes is desirable because it increases the spatial diversity of habitats and supports considerably higher numbers of meiofauna compared to the gravel bed and may substantially contribute to the stream metabolism. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A laboratory analog to the dart leader and return stroke of lightning

Luminous waves similar to the dart leader and return stroke of lightning have been produced along the ionized path left by a 10-cm spark in atmospheric air. The waves traveled more slowly along channels which had been allowed to decay for a longer time. For a wave propagating along a channel 11 μsec old, the velocity was 3.3×109 cm/sec and for 210 μsec it was 6.5×107 cm/sec. Waves propagating along older channels (greater than 50 μsec) attenuated so rapidly that they could not be seen to travel more than a few centimeters from the electrode from which they were initiated; those propagating along channels 26 to 32 μsec old traveled all the way to the opposite electrode and were then reflected back up the channel.
Fault development and interaction in distributed strike-slip shear zones: an experimental approach

Abstract Analogue model experiments using both brittle and viscous materials were performed to investigate the development and interaction of strike-slip faults in zones of distributed shear deformation. At low strain, bulk dextral shear deformation of an initial rectangular model is dominantly accommodated by left-stepping, en echelon strike-slip faults (Riedel shears, R) that form in response to the regional (bulk) stress field. Push-up zones form in the area of interaction between adjacent left-stepping Riedel shears. In cross sections, faults bounding push-up zones have an arcuate shape or merge at depth. Adjacent left-stepping R shears merge by sideways propagation or link by short synthetic shears that strike subparallel to the bulk shear direction. Coalescence of en echelon R shears results in major, through-going faults zones (master faults). Several parallel master faults develop due to the distributed nature of deformation. Spacing between master faults is related to the thickness of the brittle layers overlying the basal viscous layer. Master faults control to a large extent the subsequent fault pattern. With increasing strain, relatively short antithetic and synthetic faults develop mostly between old, but still active master faults. The orientation and evolution of the new faults indicate local modifications of the stress field. In experiments lacking lateral borders, closely spaced parallel antithetic faults (cross faults) define blocks that undergo clockwise rotation about a vertical axis with continuing deformation. Fault development and fault interaction at different stages of shear strain in our models show similarities with natural examples that have undergone distributed shear.
A Comparative Study on Attenuation and Source-Scaling Relations in the Kanto, Tokai, and Chubu Regions of Japan, Using Data from Hi-Net and KiK-Net

Abstract Attenuation relations are derived for central Japan (broadly spanning the Kantō, Tokai, and Chubu regions) using recordings of small earthquakes (2.0≤ M JMA ≤4.0 [Japan Meterological Agency magnitude]) and moderate- to large-magnitude earthquakes (3.0≤ M JMA ≤7.2). We independently analyze data from both small-magnitude and moderate- to large-magnitude earthquakes to provide an insight into the use of attenuation relations derived in regions of low seismic activity. A strong correlation is found between the attenuation parameters derived from each dataset. We find that Q is strongly depth dependent and that apparent geometrical decay increases with increasing hypocentral distance. This is modeled by using a three segment decay function, with the initial decay forced to 1/ R . Moment magnitudes are close to the published M JMA magnitude, but are, on average, slightly higher. An increase in stress drop with magnitude is required in order to model both the small-magnitude and moderate- to large-magnitude datasets. Alternatively we show that a constant stress-drop model is suitable to model the response spectra of both small-magnitude and moderate- to large-magnitude earthquakes when considering the saturation of the source-corner frequency due to a static site filter such as f max or κ . We test our ability to predict strong ground motion by using our attenuation and source-scaling relations derived from the small-magnitude recordings to stochastically simulate peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and 5% damped response spectral ordinates over a range of magnitudes and distances. The residuals of this simulation are found to be largely independent of distance and magnitude. We compare our attenuation relations against other relations derived for Japan. The residuals of these relations are analyzed and compared against those obtained from the model found in this study. We find that, in this study, the prediction of strong ground motions is possible using small-magnitude data and that the validity of the prediction extends across all magnitudes available for comparison (2.0≤ M JMA ≤7.8). On the other hand, by using an alternative published predictive relation for Japan, derived using large-magnitude events, peak ground acceleration is significantly overestimated for small-magnitude earthquakes.
A comparison of GCM sensitivity to changes in CO2 and solar luminosity

We evaluate the equilibrium response of the atmospheric climate to a wide range of systematic variations in carbon dioxide (100 to 1000 ppm) and solar luminosity (±5% of today's value) using the NCAR CCM1. The quantitative responses of each set of simulations are compared using a formal sensitivity analysis. Although the forcings on the climate are different, both temporally and spatially, similarities appear in the climatic response. The results of this analysis have broader implications for the use of simulations of past climates as a guide for possible future climatic change.
Sea-Level Forcing by Synchronization of 56- and 74-Year Oscillations with the Moon's Nodal Tide on the Northwest European Shelf (Eastern North Sea to Central Baltic Sea)

ABSTRACT Hansen, J.M. ; Aagaard, T. , and Kuijpers, A. , 2015. Sea-level forcing by synchronization of 56- and 74-year oscillations with the Moon's nodal tide on the northwest European Shelf (eastern North Sea to central Baltic Sea). The North Sea and Baltic Sea long-term records reveal a strong correlation (0.997) between sea-level changes and the sum of identified harmonic oscillations, corresponding to the lunar nodal period and four multiples of it. We developed a transparent method for iterative least residual sine regression that is capable of identifying harmonic sea-level oscillations, e.g., gravitational sea-level effects of the lunar nodal oscillation. Three relatively large harmonic sea-level oscillations with period lengths of 18.6 (18.6), 60.5 (55.8), and 76.1 (74.4) years correspond well to factors 1, 3, and 4 of the 18.6-year lunar nodal period (multiple periods in parentheses). The sum of these oscillations leaves small residuals that can be resolved into two further, statistically less significant oscillations with apparent period lengths of 28.1 (27.9) and 111.1 (111.7) years, corresponding to factors 1½ and 6 of the lunar nodal period. Periods and amplitudes expose strong entrainment, i.e. phase synchronization at rational ratios of the identified oscillations' periods as well as amplitude locking at reciprocal rational ratios of 1/2, 1/3, and 2/3 of the three largest oscillations. On top of the region's general sea-level rise (1.18 mm/y), strong quasi-oscillations occur when the two largest oscillations are in phase. Thus, a large quasi-oscillation commenced in 1971 adding a 40-year sea-level rise of 1.0–1.2 mm/y to the region's general sea-level rise. If our theory is correct, the ongoing quasi-oscillation should culminate in 2011, and the suggestion may be tested after completion of the ongoing 18.6-year nodal oscillation, i.e. in 2020–21. A purely mathematical extension of the oscillation parameters identified by the applied method suggests that the sum of harmonic oscillations produces 223-year pulses of quasi-oscillations, which can be divided into 158-year periods (e.g., 1747–1905 and after 1970) with large oscillations (60–65 mm), followed by 65-year periods (e.g., 1905–70) with much smaller oscillations (2–16 mm).
Incidence and Prognosis of Resistant Hypertension in Hypertensive Patients

Hypertension is highly prevalent in the US and around the world and its control is suboptimal. A variety of surveillance definitions for hypertension and hypertension control are in frequent use. We found a wide variation of prevalence of hypertension and hypertension control when different definitions, inclusion/exclusion criteria and age adjustment schemes were used by examining 19 published studies using NHANES 2003 to 2004 or more recent cycles. We proposed standard surveillance definitions of hypertension prevalence and control among adults and standard parameters for age-adjustment and population composition to enable meaningful population comparisons and monitoring of trends. We reported the age-standardized prevalence of hypertension and hypertension control rate for NHANES 2007 to 2008 using the recommended definitions.
Dominant Modes of Variability in the South Atlantic: A Study with a Hierarchy of Ocean-Atmosphere Models.

Using an atmosphere model of intermediate complexity and a hierarchy of ocean models, the dominant modes of interannual and decadal variability in the South Atlantic Ocean are studied. The atmosphere Simplified Parameterizations Primitive Equation Dynamics (SPEEDY) model has T30L7 resolution. The physical package consists of a set of simplified physical parameterization schemes, based on the same principles adopted in the schemes of state-of-the-art AGCMs. It is at least an order of magnitude faster, whereas the quality of the simulated climate compares well with those models. The hierarchy of ocean models consists of simple mixed layer models with an increasing number of physical processes involved such as Ekman transport, wind-induced mixing, and wind-driven barotropic transport. Finally, the atmosphere model is coupled to a regional version of the Miami Isopycnal Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM) covering the South Atlantic with a horizontal resolution of 1° and 16 vertical layers. The coupled modes of mean sea level pressure and sea surface temperature simulated by SPEEDY– MICOM strongly resemble the modes as analyzed from the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis, indicating that this model configuration possesses the required physical mechanisms for generating these modes of variability. Using the ocean model hierarchy the authors were able to show that turbulent heat fluxes, Ekman transport, and wind-induced mixing contribute to the generation of the dominant modes of coupled SST variability. The different roles of these terms in generating these modes are analyzed. Variations in the wind-driven barotropic transport mainly seem to affect the SST variability in the Brazil–Malvinas confluence zone. The spectra of the mixed layer models appeared to be too red in comparison with the fully coupled SPEEDY–MICOM model due to the too strong coupling between SST and surface air temperatures (SATs), resulting from the inability to advect and subduct SST anomalies by the mixed layer models. In SPEEDY–MICOM anomalies in the southeastern corner of the South Atlantic are subducted and advected toward the north Brazilian coast on a time scale of about 6 yr.
Alpine Jurassic ophiolites resemble the modern central Atlantic basement

Recent developments in knowledge of the structure of the central Atlantic clearly indicate that the magmatic crust is very thin and locally discontinuous in large areas of this ocean. Specifically, extensive outcrops of serpentinized mantle peridotites have been discovered along the present-day spreading axis away from fracture-zone scarps. These peculiar aspects of the present-day structure of a slow-spreading major ocean are found in the ophiolites of the western Alps as well as in the Ligurian ophiolites of the Apennines. This indicates that recent interpretations of the Alpine-Apennine ophiolites as remnants of poorly evolved "abnormal" ocean basins must be reconsidered.
The Amarna Stone Village Survey and life on the urban periphery in New Kingdom Egypt

Abstract Recent fieldwork at Amarna, the short-lived capital city of Egypt in the late 2nd millennium B.C., added a second area of peripheral settlement, the Stone Village, to the well-known Workmen’s Village, the subject of an intensive excavation campaign in the 1970s and 1980s. Both villages were evidently involved in tomb cutting and/or stone quarrying, but the Stone Village is smaller, conveys a particularly vernacular style of architecture, and seems to have had less state support than the Workmen’s Village. This paper describes the Stone Village as a source for the study of urban life in ancient Egypt. The two village sites offer a case study of the tensions that arose from controlling human populations in a border zone and from longestablished belief frameworks concerning desert landscapes and sacred space.
Automated Thematic Registration of NOAA, CoastWatch, and AVHRR Images

Daily for the United States, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), CoastWatch Program produces multiple regional daytime images and sea surface temperature (SST) images derived from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometry (AVHRR). Images have 1.1 km pixel resolution at nadir, <1 pixel systematic error (rotation, scale, distortion), but up to 9 pixels translation (offset) error. New fully-automated registration to a reference map corrects translation error to mean radial error <1 pixel suitable for full pixel resolution application in inshore waters and large estuaries. The approach converts AVHRR Channel 1 and 2 data to a land and water thematic image, finds the offset to maximize classification accuracy, and repositions the AVHRR and SST images. Registration was robust to cloud cover and missing data and was more reliable than manual registration for cloudy images. Developed for the southeast region of the U.S., the approach is transportable to other regions.
Plasma drift observations associated with intense magnetic storms by the IPEI on board ROCSAT‐1

[1] We use the plasma drift observations from the Ionospheric Plasma and Electrodynamics Instrument (IPEI) on board the ROCSAT-1 satellite to study the midlatitude and low-latitude ionospheric response to intense magnetic storms during the period between year 2000 and 2003. The observations show that the perturbed vertical/meridional drifts result from the prompt direct penetration and/or disturbance dynamo electric fields can be simultaneously seen at different latitudes. The results also show that the temporal evolution of the perturbed zonal drifts is strongly correlated with that of the Dst index and clearly appears only in the nighttime, which is in excellent agreement with the model prediction from the National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (NCAR/TIEGCM). The model results indicate that during the intense magnetic storm time the meridional electric fields resulting from the disturbance dynamo can reach a value of about 5.6 mV/m in the nighttime; the maximum zonal electric fields are about 2 mV/m at around 0500 LT. This result indicates the nighttime zonal plasma drifts are controlled by the disturbance dynamo mechanism. In addition, one of the cases shows the appearance of long-lasting perturbation electric fields with time duration of about 7 h. The interesting point for this case is that it appears only in the nighttime and almost disappears in the daytime.
Enhanced ground motions due to large‐amplitude critical Moho reflections (SmS) in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey

Aftershocks of the 17 August 1999, Mw = 7.4, Kocaeli earthquake were used to investigate the large‐amplitude SmS arrivals in the Sea of Marmara. We produced the event record sections from the transverse components of S and SmS arrivals at a distance of 10 to 200 km for the data recorded towards the east and west in the Sea of Marmara. For the data recorded towards the west, we observed that the amplitude of SmS phases enhances the ground motion by a factor of 2 to 3. The dipping Moho and/or anisotropy in the upper mantle or deep convex structure or deep lens are possible sources for the large‐amplitude SmS phases. Since the study area has a potential of creating damaging earthquakes in the future, the effect of large‐amplitude SmS phases on the ground motion should be considered in the studies of the seismic hazard of the region.
Embryonic and post‐embryonic development of the Early Cambrian cnidarian Olivooides

Phosphatized specimens of Olivooides from the Early Cambrian of Shaanxi, China, represent a number of developmental stages. These include cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, cuticularization, pre-hatching, post-hatching and subsequent growth. This allows the reconstruction of a nearly full developmental sequence of this animal. Olivooides had large (600-870 μm in diameter), sphaerical eggs, indicating a high yolk content. Development was direct. Thus adult characters were forming already in the embryo, and there was no free larval stage. The embryonic development took place within a smooth protective membrane. Gastrulation probably was by polar ingression, and the blastopore appears to correspond to the aperture of the later stages. An embryonic cuticle formed which carried star-shaped structures, stellae, over the entire surface except for a radially folded non-stellate portion around the future aperture. At a later stage, the stellate cuticle was thrown into folds concentric with the aperture. This radially folded tissue then became more dominant. After hatching, the body assumed the shape of a strongly annulated cone, with the stellate cuticle forming the apical part and the folded cuticle forming a longitudinally striate cuticle around the aperture. Subsequent growth took place through the addition of striate tissue. A pentaradial symmetry of the body is suggested by lateral folds in the apical part. Olivooides is interpreted as a cnidarian, probably closely related to the scyphozoans. The conical test may have housed a polyp similar to the thecate polyps of modern coronate scyphozoans, but, unlike the latter, Olivooides had no visible attachment structures. There is no evidence for or against a free medusa stage. The prevalence of lecithotrophic direct developers in the Neoproterozoic and Cambrian, unless reflecting a preservational bias, casts some doubts on evolutionary models that assume larval planktotrophy to be primitive among metazoans.