Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of coat characters of cattle.

Various attributes of cattle coats are evaluated in terms of their repeatability and heritability, and their capacity to discriminate between coats of different breeds, but principally in terms of their correlations with a subjective coat score, with skin temperature, and with growth rate. The correlation of 0.7 between growth rate and coat score is almost equalled by the multiple correlation between growth rate and a group of measured coat characters. Of these objective characters contributing to coat type, the depth of coat and the hair diameter are most important, followed by the percentage of medullated hairs and the maximum length of fine hairs; hair curvature and follicle angle contribute little. Bonsma's felting score provides a useful indication of coat type, but it is consistently inferior to a coat score. Weight of hair per unit area of skin is unreliable, because it is dependent on length and diameter, which have opposing effects on coat quality. The relative value of different characters varies with circumstances. In late spring, depth was the most important measurement but in winter and early spring it was exceeded in importance by a score of the amount of "body" in the coat. Though coat score is defined fairly completely in terms of component characters, it remains of greater value than any other assessment, presumably because it refers to the whole coat in situ, rather than to a small sample of clipped hair.
Unspoken victims: A national study of male rape incidents and police investigations in South Africa.

BACKGROUND The burden of sexual violence has been well described in children of both sexes and in women, but there is minimal literature on adult male rape victims. Studies of adult male rape victims have mainly been conducted among incarcerated males or military personnel, and in high-income countries. OBJECTIVES To describe the epidemiology, occurrence and reporting of rape cases involving male victims, both child (<18 years old) and adult, in South Africa (SA). METHODS The study consisted of a nationally representative sample of case dockets maintained by the SA Police Service of rape incidents reported in 2012. A retrospective review of the dockets provided sociodemographic information on the victim and suspect, the circumstances of the rape and the medicolegal services provided to the victim. Data on male victims were analysed using Stata 13 to test for significant differences between child and adult male victims. RESULTS The study comprised 209 male victims, including 120 (57.4%) children and 89 (42.6%) adults. The findings showed that there were significant differences in the occurrence and reporting of rape of male victims by age. Adult males experienced more violent rapes, perpetrators were more likely to be armed and often humiliated the victim, and rapes were more likely to occur in institutional settings. Adult males reported incidents of rape earlier and therefore had visible non-genital injuries during the medical examination. In contrast, more child rapes involved known perpetrators, occurred in a home and perpetrators were more likely to act kindly to the victim after the incident. This parallels the patterns in rape circumstances seen in female adult and child victims. CONCLUSIONS While there is political commitment to understanding sexual violence against women as a societal problem, work on such violence against men lags behind and is little understood. Rape of males needs to be acknowledged, and their vulnerabilities to sexual abuse and rape need to be addressed. Prevention efforts to end violence against women and girls, especially in relation to children, can be used to address violence against men and boys.
Jewish and Arab pregnant women’s psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: the contribution of personal resources

ABSTRACT Objective: The study sought to examine the psychological distress of Israeli pregnant women during the worldwide spread of COVID-19. As Israel has a diverse cultural-religious population, the sample included both Jewish and Arab women, allowing us to explore the differences between them. Furthermore, we examined the contribution of personal resources, both internal (self-mastery and resilience) and external (perceived social support), as well as the level of infection-related anxiety to the women’s psychological distress. Method: A convenience sample of 403 Israeli women (233 Jewish and 170 Arab) was recruited through social media. Results: Arab women reported significantly higher infection-related anxiety and psychological distress than Jewish women. In addition, Jewish women reported significantly higher self-mastery than Arab pregnant women. Finally, poorer health, being an Arab woman, and lower levels of self-mastery, resilience, and perceived social support, as well as a higher level of infection-related anxiety, contributed significantly to greater psychological distress. Conclusions: The findings show that pregnant women in general may be at risk of psychological distress in times of crisis, and that minority populations in particular may be at greater risk than others. Moreover, the results highlight the contribution of women’s personal and environmental resources in the face of crisis, an understanding that may be used in targeted interventions to reduce distress in vulnerable populations.
Non-point-source Nutrient Losses to the Aquatic Environment in Denmark: Impact of Agriculture

As part of a coordinated programme for nationwide monitoring of the Danish aquatic environment, initiated in 1988, nutrient fluxes are measured in 270 rivers, and nutrient cycling is studied in six agricultural catchments. This enables assessment of the degree of non-point-source nutrient loading of Danish surface water and groundwater as well as of the impact of agriculture practised under different climatic and physiographic conditions and with different farming practices. Comparison of annual median losses of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in agricultural catchments and undisturbed catchments revealed an average loss ratio of 14:l for total nitrogen (23.4 and 1.7 kg N ha-1, respectively) and 4:1 for total phosphorus (0.29 and 0.070 kg P ha-1, respectively). Assessment of nitrogen cycling in six small agricultural catchments with either sandy soil or loamy soil revealed marked differences in annual net input to the soil (142 v. 77 kg N ha-1), annual leaching from the root zone (154 v. 78 kg N ha-1), and annual riverine loss of nitrogen (13 v. 25 kg N ha-1). The differences in the rates of leaching and riverine loss in the two soil types reflect the different potential for surface-water and groundwater pollution with nitrogen and also the fact that the denitrification potential is higher in both the soil and the riparian areas of sandy ecosystems. Modelling of data from 77 small representative river basins revealed significant empirical relationships (P <0.001) between annual loss of both nitrogen and phosphorus and various predictor variables (e.g. runoff, proportion of agricultural land, soil type). Runoff and proportion of agricultural land explained, respectively, 41% and 26% of the variance in the nitrogen-model and 45% and 8%, of the variance in the phosphorus model. Such loading models are valuable tools for systems analysis and management at the catchment level, such as when assessing measures implemented to reduce non-point-source nutrient pollution.
The Ly-49 family of natural killer cell receptors

This thesis investigates the nature of receptors involved in target cell recognition by natural killer (NK) cells. N K cells are thought to scan for self class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, receive negative signals from interactions with these molecules, and lyse those cells which are unable to deliver protective signals. This system ensures that cells which have extinguished expression of class I M H C and evade T cell immunity are detected by N K cells. Ly49A was the first N K cell receptor found to receive inhibitory signals from class I M H C on opposing cells. Because Ly-49A is expressed by a subset of N K cells and recognizes only a fraction of class I molecules, additional subsets of N K cells are thought to exist which express receptors for class I molecules not recognized by Ly49A. Ly-49A is a type II transmembrane protein belonging to a group of related molecules encoded by a murine multigene family. The expression patterns and functional activities of other members of the Ly-49 gene family was the topic of this thesis. Ly-49A and Ly-49C expression was shown to identify distinct single positive, double positive, and double negative subsets of N K cells. Both Ly-49A and Ly-49C were found to mediate adhesion to class I M H C on a variety of cell lines. The specificity of these receptors was shown to be distinct but overlapping, with Ly-49C having a much broader range of class I ligands. A l l members of the Ly-49 family have an extracellular region homologous to the carbohydrate recognition domain of C-type lectins. The functional relevance of this domain was demonstrated by the inhibition of Ly-49C-mediated cell adhesion by both exogenous polysaccharides as well as by the modification of target cell surface carbohydrates. This suggests that the glycosylation of class I M H C may be a critical element in Ly-49 recognition. These combined results support the hypothesis that Ly-49 is a family of N K cell receptors with related, but distinct functions. Ly-49A and Ly-49C are both
Effect of Feeding Formaldehyde Treated Rapeseed and Cottonseed Cakes on Milk Yield and Composition at Various Stages of Lactation and Parity in Jersey Cows

The aim of this study was to document the response of lactating Jersey cows to feeding of formaldehyde treated oil cakes of rapeseed and cottonseed on milk yield and composition at various stages of lactation and parity. Formaldehyde treatment of oil cakes was performed at 1% of crude protein, and these treated cakes were used in preparing treatment concentrate mixture. The experiment was carried out for 40 days using 27 lactating Jersey cows differing in parity 1–3, 4–6 and ≥7 with different stages of lactation i.e. early (1–3 m), mid (4–6 m) and late (7–9 m) in each lactation groups. The animals were grouped into Control and Treatment. For first 10 days, cows of Control group were offered with a control concentrate and thereafter same animals were grouped as Treatment group and fed the same concentrate having both the protein meals treated with formaldehyde, along with ad libitum access to barley green fodder and wheat straw. The milk yield and its component yield were decreased linearly as lactation advanced and the differences were significant (P<0.05) between early and late lactation. The highest increment (P<0.05) in milk yield was noted in early lactation (0.69 kg/d) and least during late lactation (0.56 kg/d). Milk SNF yield was improved (P<0.05) up to the tune of 40 g/d in mid lactation cows only. With respect to parity, the highest (P<0.05) milk yield was observed in 1st-3rd parity and lowest after 7th parity, while milk fat% followed the reverse trend upon feeding formaldehyde treated oil cakes, while other parameters like fat and SNF percentage did not differ due to treatment. Furthermore, milk fat yield was increased (P<0.05) to the extent of 50 g/d and 20 g/d in 1st-3rd and above 7th parity cows, respectively. It was concluded that feeding of concentrate mixture containing formaldehyde treated oil cakes (rapeseed and cottonseed) economically improved yield of milk and milk components. Furthermore, the treatment effect was more pronounced during early lactation and in lower (1–3) parity Jersey cows.
Phase 1–2 Trial of a SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Spike Protein Nanoparticle Vaccine

Abstract Background NVX-CoV2373 is a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (rSARS-CoV-2) nanoparticle vaccine composed of trimeric full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins and Matrix-M1 adjuvant. Methods We initiated a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1–2 trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the rSARS-CoV-2 vaccine (in 5-μg and 25-μg doses, with or without Matrix-M1 adjuvant, and with observers unaware of trial-group assignments) in 131 healthy adults. In phase 1, vaccination comprised two intramuscular injections, 21 days apart. The primary outcomes were reactogenicity; laboratory values (serum chemistry and hematology), according to Food and Drug Administration toxicity scoring, to assess safety; and IgG anti–spike protein response (in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] units). Secondary outcomes included unsolicited adverse events, wild-type virus neutralization (microneutralization assay), and T-cell responses (cytokine staining). IgG and microneutralization assay results were compared with 32 (IgG) and 29 (neutralization) convalescent serum samples from patients with Covid-19, most of whom were symptomatic. We performed a primary analysis at day 35. Results After randomization, 83 participants were assigned to receive the vaccine with adjuvant and 25 without adjuvant, and 23 participants were assigned to receive placebo. No serious adverse events were noted. Reactogenicity was absent or mild in the majority of participants, more common with adjuvant, and of short duration (mean, ≤2 days). One participant had mild fever that lasted 1 day. Unsolicited adverse events were mild in most participants; there were no severe adverse events. The addition of adjuvant resulted in enhanced immune responses, was antigen dose–sparing, and induced a T helper 1 (Th1) response. The two-dose 5-μg adjuvanted regimen induced geometric mean anti-spike IgG (63,160 ELISA units) and neutralization (3906) responses that exceeded geometric mean responses in convalescent serum from mostly symptomatic Covid-19 patients (8344 and 983, respectively). Conclusions At 35 days, NVX-CoV2373 appeared to be safe, and it elicited immune responses that exceeded levels in Covid-19 convalescent serum. The Matrix-M1 adjuvant induced CD4+ T-cell responses that were biased toward a Th1 phenotype. (Funded by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04368988).
Phase 1/2a study of 177Lu-lilotomab satetraxetan in relapsed/refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

For patients with indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma who fail initial anti-CD20-based immunochemotherapy or develop relapsed or refractory disease, there remains a significant unmet clinical need for new therapeutic approaches to improve outcomes and quality of life. 177Lu-lilotomab satetraxetan is a next-generation single-dose CD37-directed radioimmunotherapy (RIT) which was investigated in a phase 1/2a study in 74 patients with relapsed/refractory indolent non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma, including 57 patients with follicular lymphoma (FL). To improve targeting of 177Lu-lilotomab satetraxetan to tumor tissue and decrease hematologic toxicity, its administration was preceded by the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab and the "cold" anti-CD37 antibody lilotomab. The most common adverse events (AEs) were reversible grade 3/4 neutropenia (31.6%) and thrombocytopenia (26.3%) with neutrophil and platelet count nadirs 5 to 7 weeks after RIT. The most frequent nonhematologic AE was grade 1/2 nausea (15.8%). With a single administration, the overall response rate was 61% (65% in patients with FL), including 30% complete responses. For FL with ≥2 prior therapies (n = 37), the overall response rate was 70%, including 32% complete responses. For patients with rituximab-refractory FL ≥2 prior therapies (n = 21), the overall response rate was 67%, and the complete response rate was 24%. The overall median duration of response was 13.6 months (32.0 months for patients with a complete response). 177Lu-lilotomab satetraxetan may provide a valuable alternative treatment approach in relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma, particularly in patients with comorbidities unsuitable for more intensive approaches. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as #NCT01796171.
Out-of-Equilibrium Polymorph Selection in Nanoparticle Freezing.

The ability to design synthesis processes that are out of equilibrium has opened the possibility of creating nanomaterials with remarkable physico-chemical properties, choosing from a much richer palette of possible atomic architectures compared to equilibrium processes in extended systems. In this work, we employ atomistic simulations to demonstrate how to control polymorph selection via cooling rate during nanoparticle freezing in the case of Ni$_3$Al, a material with a rich structural landscape. State-of-the-art free-energy calculations allow to rationalize the complex nucleation process, discovering a switch between two kinetic pathways, yielding the equilibrium structure at room temperature and an alternative metastable one at higher temperature. Our findings address the key challenge in the synthesis of nano-alloys for technological applications, i.e., rationally exploiting the competition between kinetics and thermodynamics by designing a treatment history that forces the system into desirable metastable states.
Decreased Stroke Presentation Rates at a Comprehensive Stroke Center during COVID-19

ABSTRACT: We reviewed stroke care delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic at our stroke center and provincial telestroke system. We counted referrals to our prevention clinic, code strokes, thrombolysis, endovascular thrombectomies, and activations of a provincial telestroke system from February to April of 2017–2020. In April 2020, there was 28% reduction in prevention clinic referrals, 32% reduction in code strokes, and 26% reduction in telestroke activations compared to prior years. Thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy rates remained constant. Fewer patients received stroke services across the spectrum from prevention, acute care to telestroke care in Ontario, Canada, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Elastography for Pediatric Chronic Liver Disease

In adults with chronic liver diseases, ultrasound and magnetic resonance shear wave elastography (SWE) can replace liver biopsy in several clinical scenarios. Several guidelines on the use of ultrasound SWE for the adult population have been published. However, the number of publications in the pediatric population is limited, and available guidelines on SWE do not specifically address pediatric chronic liver diseases. In this article, we review the literature on the use of SWE for pediatric chronic liver diseases and provide expert opinion on how to use SWE, both ultrasound and magnetic resonance techniques, in the pediatric population.
An African glass frog: A new Hyperolius species (Anura: Hyperoliidae) from Nyungwe National Park, southern Rwanda

A new species of Hyperolius is described from Nyungwe National Park in southern Rwanda. The new species differs fromits congeners by a unique combination of morphological characters, including a light green dorsum and a transparentventral skin resembling glass frogs of the Neotropical family Centrolenidae, blue-coloured bones, reduced toe webbing,relatively wide head, acuminate snout, small to medium size (SUL of adult males 18.8–23.2 mm), and the presence ofnuptial pads. The advertisement call differs from all calls of other species of the genus that have been analyzed.Comparison of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene showed a relatively close relationship to H. castaneus, H. cystocandicans, H. discodactylus, H. frontalis, and H. lateralis. The 16S sequence of the new species differs by at least 4.5% in the uncorrected p-distance from all available sequences of other species of the genus.Ubwoko bushya bwa Hyperolius buboneka muri parike nasiynali ya Nyungwe mu majyepfo yu Rwanda. Ubu bwokobushya butandukaniye na bugenzi bwabwo gusa kurusobe rw’miterere yabwo, harimo dorsum ifite ibara ry’cyatsi cyeru-rutse n’ruhu rubonerana rwo kunda, amagufwa afite ibara ry’bururu, n’tunodufatanijwe n’gahu, umutwe wenda kubamunini, umunwa uurungushuye, umubyimba uri hagati ya 18,8 mm kugera kuri 23,3 mm ku ngabo nkuru, ikagira n’mag-aragamba ku ruhu. Kuzitangaza kwazo byagiye bitandukana n’matangazo yabaye kubundi bwoko bwazo. Ugereanijen’miterere yazo idahinduka (mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene) niyizindi usanga bifitanye isano ya bugufi na H. castaneus, H.cystocandicans, H.discodactylus, H.frontalis na H. lateralis. Urukurikirane rwa 16S y’bu bwoko bushya rutandukanye kuri 4,5% ugereranije n’nkurikirana zabaye z’bundi bwoko busa n’bu.
Fish-Based Baby Food Concern—From Species Authentication to Exposure Risk Assessment

In this work, two different but complementary approaches were used to evaluate the reliability of fish-based baby foods as a source of safe nourishment for babies. More specifically, barcoding analysis based on the Cytochrome Oxidase I sequences was used for fish species authentication and an analysis of metal/metalloid levels was performed to estimate the exposure risk assessment derived from consumption of selected fish-based baby food in infants and toddlers. COI DNA barcoding revealed that in three samples the species detected did not match the common name of the species shown on the label. In particular, G. chalcogrammus and M. australis were found in place of M. merluccius and O. mykiss was found in place of S. salar. The analysis of exposure risk assessment indicated a low risk for developing chronic systemic and carcinogenic effects in infants and toddler, under an exposure scenario based on daily consumption of a single box of fish-based baby food. However, it is important to highlight that in order to provide a comprehensive risk assessment it would be important to supplement the levels of exposure resulting from the total diet. Overall, our results suggest that more attention should be paid by authorities to ensure the safety of food for infants and toddlers.
Portal Thrombosis in Cirrhosis: Role of Thrombophilic Disorders

In patients with liver cirrhosis the contribution of inherited and acquired prothrombotic disorders in the development of non-malignant portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is inconclusive. The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine the prevalence of thrombophilia in this setting at our center from January 2012 to November 2019. Tests included gene mutational analysis for Factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, JAK2 (V617F), Calreticulin (CARL), in addition to activated protein C resistance, antithrombin III, protein C and S levels, and antiphospholipid antibodies. We included 77 patients, six of whom (7.8%) had a thrombophilic disorder: antiphospholipid syndrome in four patients, prothrombin gene mutation in one and factor V Leiden mutation in one. This latter patient had also been diagnosed with polycythemia vera years before PVT development. Complete thrombosis of the main portal vein and re-thrombosis after stopping anticoagulation were more frequent in patients with thrombophilia, but the rates of recanalization under anticoagulant therapy were similar among groups. No other difference was accounted between groups. The low prevalence of acquired and inherited thrombophilia found in patients with cirrhosis and PVT support testing for these disorders on an individual basis and avoiding universal screening to reduce costs and unwarranted testing.