Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
causes acquired tyrosinosis in alkaptonuria. in Inherited

Background: For over two decades, Nitisinone (NTBC) has been successfully used to manipulate the tyrosine degradation pathway and save the lives of many children with hereditary tyrosinaemia type1 (HT1). More recently, NTBC has been used to halt homogentisic acid accumulation in alkaptonuria (AKU) with evidence suggesting its efficacy as a disease modifying agent. NTBC induced hypertyrosinemia has been associated with cognitive impairment and potentially sight-threatening keratopathy. In the context of a non-lethal condition (i.e. AKU), these serious risks call for an evaluation of the wider impact of NTBC on the tyrosine pathway. We hypothesized that NTBC increases the tyrosine pool size and concentrations in tissues. Methods: In AKU mice tyrosine concentrations of tissue homogenates were measured before and after treatment with NTBC. In Humans, pulse injection with L-[ 13 C 9 ]tyrosine and L-[d 8 ]phenylalanine was used along with compartmental modelling to estimate the size of tyrosine pools before and after treatment with NTBC. Results: NTBC increased tyrosine concentrations in murine tissues by five to nine folds. It also significantly increased the tyrosine pool size in humans ( p <0.001), suggesting that NTBC increases tyrosine not just in serum but also in tissues (i.e. acquired tyrosinosis). Conclusions: This study provides, for the first time, the experimental proof for the magnitude of NTBC-related acquired tyrosinosis which should be overcome to ensure the safe use of NTBC in AKU. Take-home message: This study provides, for the first time, the experimental proof for the magnitude of tyrosine increase following nitisinone therapy. Details of funding: MK was supported by a grant from the AKU society (AKUS2019) and by the Association for Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine (ACB scientific scholarship award 2017). Details of ethics approval :The human protocol was approved by the IRB of the Royal Liverpool University hospital (RD&I reference: 5327), North West - Liverpool Central Research Ethics Committee and Health Research Authority (REC reference: 17/NW/0032). The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency in the United Kingdom (MHRA) has confirmed that the study is not a clinical trial of an investigational Medicinal Product as defined by the EU directive 2001/20/EC. All data associated with this study are present in the paper or the supplementary material.
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Combating child labor: Incentives and information disclosure in global supply chains

Problem De(cid:133)nition: We investigate multinational (cid:133)rms(cid:146) inspection and pricing strategies to address the challenges of combating child labor in global supply chains. We also examine how several factors (such as information disclosure, goodwill loss, inspection cost, external monitoring by NGOs, and penalty scheme) a⁄ect (cid:133)rms(cid:146)incentives to use di⁄erent strategies to combat child labor. Academic/Practical Relevance: Nearly 200 million children are engaged in child labor, many in developing countries that are part of the supply base of global manufacturing networks. However, there has been little research on evaluating the impact of (cid:133)rms(cid:146)strategies and NGOs(cid:146)initiatives on child labor. Methodology: We develop a game-theoretic model based on a two-tier supply chain, in which a multinational (cid:133)rm in a developed country sells the product made by a supplier in a developing country. Results: If internal inspections are economical, a global (cid:133)rm can reduce the incidence of child labor by inspecting the supplier(cid:146)s use of child labor. Otherwise, the (cid:133)rm can deter the supplier(cid:146)s child labor employment by o⁄ering a su¢ ciently high wholesale price, or by simultaneously using internal inspections and a medium wholesale price. The latter strategy should be adopted about the (cid:133)rm(cid:146)s inspection policy can be informed credibly. This strategy combats child labor more e⁄ectively when a higher penalty is levied onto the supplier(cid:146)s use of child labor.
Molecular phylogeny of the Indochinese freshwater mussel genus Scabies Haas, 1911 (Bivalvia: Unionidae)

– Molecular phylogeny of the Indochinese freshwater mussel genus Scabies Haas, 1911 was studied . The examined taxa included all seven recognized species of the genus Scabies ( S. phaselus , S . anceps , S . scobinatus , S . crispata , S . mandarinus , S . nucleus and S . songkramensis ) and two closely related Indochinese species currently assigned to the genus Radiatula Simpson, 1900 ( R. humilis and R. pilata ). Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) phylogenetic trees based on the concatenated sequences of two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 and 16S ribosomal RNA ) and one nuclear gene ( 28S ribosomal RNA ) fragments (1,586 bp) revealed a polyphyletic relationship in both genera compared to the outgroups of other genera from the tribe Indochinellini . Scabies songkramensis was clustered separately from the congeners, whereas R. humilis and R. pilata were grouped within the Scabies clade with high support ( 88 % bootstrap support for ML and a Bayesian posterior probability of 1 for BI ) , and separated from other members of Radiatula from western Indochina (Myanmar and India) . Based on these phylogenetic results, in combination with morphological and biogeographic data, these two Indochinese Radiatula species were transferred to Scabies , as S. humilis ( Lea, 1856 ) comb . nov . and S. pilata ( Lea, 1866 ) comb . nov . The genus Radiatula s.s. should be implied only to taxa endemic to the western Indochinese region, while the genus Scabies are distributed in the Chao Phraya and Mekong River basins and other rivers that drain into the Gulf of Thailand .
A Nonconforming Finite Element Approximation for the von Karman Equations

In this paper, a nonconforming finite element method has been proposed and analyzed for the von Karman equations that describe bending of thin elastic plates. Optimal order error estimates in broken energy and $H^1$ norms are derived under minimal regularity assumptions. Numerical results that justify the theoretical results are presented.
NEBULAR EXCITATION IN z ∼ 2 STAR-FORMING GALAXIES FROM THE SINS AND LUCI SURVEYS: THE INFLUENCE OF SHOCKS AND AGN ∗

Based on high-resolution, spatially resolved data of 10 z ∼ 2 star-forming galaxies from the SINS/zC-SINF survey and LUCI data for 12 additional galaxies, we probe the excitation properties of high-z galaxies and the impact of active galactic nuclei (AGN), shocks and photoionization. We explore how these spatially-resolved line ratios can inform our interpretation of integrated emission line ratios obtained at high redshift. Many of our galaxies fall in the ‘composite’ region of the z ∼ 0 [N II ]/H α versus [O III ]/H β diagnostic (BPT) diagram, between star-forming galaxies and those with AGN. Based on our resolved measurements, we ﬁnd that some of these galaxies likely host an AGN, while others appear to be aﬀected by the presence of shocks possibly caused by an outﬂow or from enhanced ionization parameter as compared with HII regions in normal local star-forming galaxies. We ﬁnd that the Mass-Excitation (MEx) diagnostic, which separates purely star-forming and AGN hosting local galaxies in the [O III ]/H β versus stellar mass plane, does not properly separate z ∼ 2 galaxies classiﬁed according to the BPT diagram. However, if we shift the galaxies based on the oﬀset between the local and z ∼ 2 mass-metallicity relation (i.e. to the mass they would have at z ∼ 0 with the same metallicity), we ﬁnd better agreement between the MEx and BPT diagnostics. Finally, we ﬁnd that metallicity calibrations based on [N II ]/H α are more biased by shocks and AGN at high-z than the [O III ]/H β /[N II ]/H α calibration.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Fear of COVID-19 Among Homeless Individuals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from the Hamburg Survey of Homeless Individuals

Purpose: To clarify the prevalence and determinants of fear of COVID-19 among homeless individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients and Methods: Data were taken from the Hamburg survey of homeless individuals (n=150) covering homeless adults in Hamburg, Germany. Multiple linear regressions were used. Beyond sociodemographic and lifestyle-related independent variables, COVID-19-related factors were also used as independent variables. Results: In sum, 56.2% of homeless individuals reported no fear of COVID-19, 23.8% reported a little fear of COVID-19, 9.2% reported some fear of COVID-19 and 10.8% reported severe fear of COVID-19. Regressions showed that an increased fear of COVID-19 was significantly associated with younger age (β=−.01, p<0.05), absence of chronic alcohol consume (β=−.55, p<0.01), an increased perceived own risk of getting infected with the coronavirus one day (β=0.42, p<0.001) and a higher agreement that a diagnosis of the coronavirus would ruin his/her life (β=0.13, p<0.01). Conclusion: Given the poor hygienic conditions and their increased vulnerability, data surprisingly suggest a quite low fear of COVID-19 among homeless individuals. Efforts may be beneficial which contribute to thinking rationally about COVID-19 among homeless people, since low levels of fear of COVID-19 may contribute to careless behavior and can lead to
Small Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes Expressing CD8 and T Cell Receptor (cid:1)(cid:2) Are Involved in Bacterial Clearance during Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection

The intestinal immune system is crucial for the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis and has evolved under the dual pressure of protecting the host from pathogenic infection and coexisting with the dense and diverse commensal organisms in the lumen. Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIELs) are the ﬁrst element of the host T cell compartment available to respond to oral infection by pathogens. This study demonstrated that oral infection by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium promoted the expansion of iIELs, particularly CD8 (cid:1) TCR (cid:2)(cid:3) (cid:1) IELs, enhanced expression of NKG2D on iIELs, increased expression of MULT1, and decreased expression of Qa-1 by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), leading to activation of, particularly, CD8 (cid:1) TCR (cid:2)(cid:3) (cid:1) iIELs and cytolytic activity against S. Typhimurium - infected IECs. Blockade of NKG2D recognition or depletion of TCR (cid:2)(cid:3) (cid:1) cells using a depleting monoclonal antibody signiﬁcantly attenuated the clearance of S. Typhimurium in the intestine and other tissues. This study suggests that iIELs, particularly CD8 (cid:1) TCR (cid:2)(cid:3) (cid:1) iIELs, play important roles in the detection of pathogenic bacteria and eradication of infected epithelial cells and, thus, provide protection against invading pathogens. These data further our understanding of the mechanisms by which the immune system of the intestinal mucosa discriminates between pathogenic and commensal organisms.
STUDY ON VIRULENCE FACTORS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM CALVES SUFFER FROM DIARRHEA

Diarrhea is an important problem in young calves, especially in suckling beef calves. The mostcommon cause of diarrhea in calves is E.coli . The present study was undertaken to screen for presence of virulence factors associated with colibacillosis isolated from one hundred and twenty five fecal samples of calves suffer from diarrhea (<3monthes). All samples were submitted for bacteriological examination, serotyping and virulence tests (Congo red test, serum resistant test, sereny test and haemolytic activity). Finally molecular Identification by using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect shiga toxin (stx1, stx2) genes. E.coli isolates were fifty eight isolates (46.4%). The fecal samples were obtained a Twelve different serotype of E.coli (O26:H11, O91:H21, O103:H2, O111:H2, O15:H21, O146:H21, O8,O113:H4, O128:H2, O124, O121:H7 and O55:H7). It was recorded forty two isolates (72.4%) were congo red positive, forty two isolates (72.4%) were serum resistant, eleven isolates (18.96%) made keratoconjunctivitis of Guinea pig and fourteen isolates (24.13%) had hemolytic activity. PCR was performed to detect stx1 and stx2 genes on different serotypes of E.coli isolates. The serotypes which positive to stx1 gene only were three (O8,O113:H4,O128:H2) (30%), two serotypes were positive to stx2 only (O15:H21,O146:H21) (20%), four serotypes were positive to both stx1 and stx2 (O26:H11, O91:H21, O103:H2,O111:H2) (40%) and O124 was negative for both stx1 and stx2(10%). This result of E.coli strains isolated from diarrheic calves implies that these animals are an important reservoir of Shiga toxin Escherichia coli (STEC) strains that are potentially pathogenic toward farm animals.
Impact of Corona Virus on Indian Real Estate

Abstract: This paper talks about the impact of corona virus on Indian Real Estate in terms of Demand, Rates of property, impact on Indian housing market, home buyers in India, builders in India, office space in India. What interventions government should take in response to COVID-19 to boost the demand and what sales strategy real estate developers taking post lockdown.
OTT_A_246706 4957..4969

Fang Liu* Rong-Bin Lv * Yan Liu Qian Hao 1 Shu-Jie Liu Yuan-Yuan Zheng Cui Li Cheng Zhu Min Wang 1Department of GeriatricGastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gastroenterology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of PET/CT, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Emergency, Dongping Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271500, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zibo Spring Hospital Co., Ltd, Zibo, Shandong 255022, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of General Practice, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People’s Republic of China
An Integrated Theoretical Investigation of Healthcare Students’ Perceived Compatibility Using Online Learning Systems on Their Learning Performance

Online learning systems (OLSs) have been widely implemented in higher education settings to facilitate teaching and learning effectiveness. Prior studies have investigated the key success factors of OLSs, and the OLS adoption rate remains one of the essential issues. This study developed a comprehensive theoretical model to understand students’ OLS adoption. From an integrated perspective of individuals, environment/technology, and behavior, this study also examined the constructs of compatibility, personal innovativeness, convenience, perceived usefulness, continued intention, and healthcare students’ learning performance in OLS use contexts. We found that personal innovativeness, convenience, and perceived usefulness were the key determinants of students’ learning performance and adoption of OLSs. Additionally, perceived usefulness was the critical mediator between the influences of personal and environmental factors and students’ learning performance.
Minimizing quadratic functions over non-negative cone with the rate of convergence and finite termination

A new active set based algorithm is proposed that uses the conjugate gradient method to explore the face of the feasible region defined by the current iterate and the reduced gradient projection with the fixed steplength to expand the active set. The precision of approximate solutions of the auxiliary unconstrained problems is controlled by the norm of violation of the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions at active constraints and the scalar product of the reduced gradient and the reduced gradient projection. The modifications were exploited to find the rate of convergence in terms of the spectral condition number of the Hessian matrix, to preserve its finite termination property even for problems whose solution does not satisfy the strict complementarity condition, and to avoid any backtracking at the cost of evaluation of an upper bound for the spectral radius of the Hessian matrix. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated on solution of the inner obstacle problems. The result is an important ingredient in development of scalable algorithms for numerical solution of elliptic variational inequalities. AMS classification: Primary 65K05; Secondary 90C20
of Print Fitness Change Effects on Midlife Metabolic Outcomes: The CARDIA Study

Purpose: Fitness decline, high BMI, and insulin resistance (IR) are associated with worsening cardiometabolic risk factors prospectively; modification of the fitness change effect by BMI and IR remains unknown. Methods: Participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study without diabetes at Year 0 (Y0) [n=2048, 43.4% men, mean age 25] had fitness quantified by treadmill at Y0 and Y20. Y0 BMI was normal (nBMI<25 kg/m2) or high (hBMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Y0 insulin resistance status was insulin sensitive [IS: HOMA-IR <1.84 (75%tile)] or insulin resistant [IR: HOMA-IR ≥ 1.84]. 4 groups were established: nBMI/IS, hBMI/IS, nBMI/IR, hBMI/IR. Y0 fitness was low (<33%tile for sex) or average-high ( ≥ 33%tile for sex). Fitness change (Treadmill time: Y20-Y0) was maintained [increase or decline ≤ 20%tile for sex] or decreased [decline >20%tile for sex]. The outcomes were incident diabetes and percent change over 25 years in weight, waist girth, blood pressure, and lipid profile. Analysis was by multiple linear regression and proportional hazards regression with adjustment for individual characteristics. Results: Maintained fitness after 20 years was associated with greater increase in HDL-C and less increase in weight, waist girth, blood pressure, and triglycerides than decreased fitness, similarly for the groups defined by BMI and IR. Maintained fitness reduced the rate of incident diabetes in IS but not IR participants. Conclusions: Maintained fitness after 20 years was associated with more favorable middle age cardiometabolic risk factors than decreased fitness; this benefit might be blunted by baseline IR. study include: 1) A greater percentage of maintained fitness was observed in participants with low baseline fitness than participants with average-high baseline fitness; 2) Maintained fitness was less common in hBMI participants than nBMI participants; 3) Participants with maintained fitness after 20 years had less increase in weight gain, waist girth, LDL, triglycerides and blood pressure and greater increase in HDL than participants with decreased fitness; 4) Although maintained fitness reduced the rates of incident diabetes in the insulin sensitive participants, this was not observed in the insulin resistant participants.
Capital Structure in Financial Distress: A Comprehensive Study across Industries and Borders

This paper examines the eﬀects of ﬁnancial distress on the relationships between capital structure and its determinants – continuing on the famous research by Rajan and Zingales from 1995. The sample contains balance sheet information for 3743 non-ﬁnancial ﬁrms over a period of 14 years, classiﬁed into NAICS sectors and distributed across the G7 countries. Results reveal that ﬁnancial stress (i) puts downwards pressure on the positive relationship between capital structure and tangible assets, (ii) causes a substantial shift in the negative link between capital structure and proﬁtability, so much so that it becomes strongly positive, (iii) has an ambiguous eﬀect on the relationship between capital structure and investment opportunities, putting upwards pressure when measured at book leverage and downwards pressure when measured at market leverage, (iv) has weak impact on the relationship between capital structure and tangible assets in countries and sectors with high tangibility, (v) has strong impact on the relationship between capital structure and company size in countries and sectors with large ﬁrms, and (vi) has weak impact on the relationship between capital structure and proﬁtability in countries and sectors with high proﬁt margin.
Pricing Strategies of Dual-Recycling Channels considering Refurbishing and Remanufacturing of WEEE

*is article studies pricing strategies of the dual-channel recycling supply chain where the manufacturer and the recycler compete on price in recycling waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and cooperate in disposing of them. *is article is based on whether the recycler can refurbish and distinguish two different treatment methods of WEEE: refurbishment by the recycler and remanufacturing by themanufacturer. Two dual-channel recycling structures are proposed: (1) the recycler cannot refurbish when the manufacturer remanufactures; (2) the recycler can refurbish when the manufacturer remanufactures. By solving two Stackelberg game models, we derive pricing strategies. *e impacts of recycled products’ quality and base profit for remanufacturing and refurbishing on pricing strategies are discussed. We find that the recycler prefers refurbishing when its base profit for refurbishment is greater than the manufacturer’s base profit for remanufacturing, rather than the transfer price. Interestingly, the recycler’s refurbishment does not reduce the manufacturer’s profits but creates a win-win situation through their cooperation. Furthermore, the better quality of recycled products and the higher base profit for refurbishing and remanufacturing can bring more profit to the recycler and the manufacturer, increase the recycling prices, improve the efficiency of resource utilization, and reduce environmental pollution.
Ensuring Supply Chain Wide Quality Conformance

Problem: The increasing complexity of supply chains have created a need for more welldeveloped quality processes that all stakeholders understand and ultimately adopt. Considering that the automotive industry generally involves thousands of components and suppliers, it makes the automotive supply chain complex by nature, and therefore challenging to control. Thus, it is of interest to create a better understanding of how companies within this large network manage to ensure quality conformance. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to explore and understand the strategies that are employed by companies working within the automotive industry in order to realize a supply wide conformance within quality. Method: Primary data were collected from seven interviews with representatives from six companies; three major automotive companies, two tier-one suppliers and one tier-two supplier. The findings were analyzed using thematic analysis with the aim of finding recurring themes and categories that could be further analyzed in relation to previous literature. Findings: The findings show that there are four recurring areas in which companies work to ensure quality throughout their supply chain. These are (1) Standards & Systems, (2) Risk Minimizing Activities, (3) Organizational Culture, (4) Involvement & Development. Furthermore, a relationship between these four areas have been identified.