Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dyeing Kinetics of CI Acid Orange 7 in Multiple Layers of a Chemically Modified Wool Fabric

When the concentration distribution of an acid dye in multiple layers of a chemically modified wool fabric is investigated, the concentration distribution curves have a sigmoi dal shape. The adsorption isotherm is approximately described in terms of a Langmuir- type adsorption model. The dyeing rate curve shows the sorption delay during the initial stage of dyeing due to the diffusional boundary layer. We assume that the relationship between the diffusion coefficient Df, dye concentration C, and constant α takes the form Df = D f 0 exp(αC). The diffusion parameters are estimated in such a way that the experimental data fit the theoretical curve of the concentration distribution based on the diffusional boundary layer model. The surface concentrations of the dye in multiple layers do not depend on the dyeing time, and they equal the equilibrium uptake. The constant surface concentration is explained by the affinity of the dye to the fibers.
REACTION TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON THE STRUCTURAL, SURFACE TEXTURE AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF CDS NANOSTRUCTURE THIN FILMS DEPOSITED BY HYDROTHERMAL METHOD.

: Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) nanostructure thin films were deposited on conductive glass (FTO) substrates by hydrothermal method at different reaction temperatures (140, 160 and 200 °C) for 4 hours. The structure, surface texture and optical characteristics were studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The XRD results of CdS nanostructure thin films deposited on FTO substrate showed that the films have a polycrystalline structure nature and hexagonal wurtzite phase. The preferential orientation was along (002) and (112) planes. A strong peak with a high intensity related to the FTO substrate appeared in all samples. The crystallite size of the nanostructure films was increased with the increase of reaction temperature which about (21-29) nm. Structure parameters such as lattice constants, dislocation density, the number of crystallites, and microstrain have been determined. The surface texture of nanostructure CdS thin film includes dense uniform and homogenous surface without pinholes or cracks with fine grain size. The nanostructure CdS thin films with small nanosized grains (37-203) nm were successfully obtained on FTO substrates. The optical properties of the prepared CdS nanostructure thin films were investigated in the wavelength region (400-800) nm. The transmittance spectra exhibit a high transmittance value of about 88% in the visible and near infrared regions. The results demonstrated a red shift in the fundamental absorption edge towards the lower energies long wavelengths. The optical energy gap for the permissible direct transmission decreases from (2.435 to 2.389) eV with increasing the reaction temperature from (140 to 200) o C, respectively.
Will UK peatland restoration reduce dissolved organic matter concentrations in upland drinking water supplies?

Abstract. Rising dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentrations, and associated increases in water colour, have posed a potential problem for the UK water industry since the phenomenon was first reported in the early 1990s. Elevated DOM concentrations in raw water are of particular concern in upland catchments dominated by organic soils where DOM production tends to be highest. In recent years, water companies have considered the capacity for catchment interventions to improve raw water quality at source, relieving the need for costly and complex engineering solutions in treatment works, but there is considerable uncertainty around the effectiveness of these measures. One of the primary evidence gaps is the extent to which catchment management is capable of influencing DOM concentrations at the point of abstraction, field studies rarely extending beyond sub-catchment or stream scale. Our review of the published evidence suggests that catchment management could make a contribution to mitigating recent DOM increases in some circumstances, particularly where plantation forestry has been grown on peat, and where control of nutrients in runoff could reduce in-reservoir DOM production. Evidence for the efficacy of most other measures that target reductions in DOM loading for catchment to reservoir remains insufficient to support wider scale application. Collectively, these measures have the potential to reduce DOM concentrations in drinking water reservoirs but they must be selected on a site-specific basis, where the scale, effect size and duration of the catchment intervention are considered in relation to both the treatment capacity of the works and future projected DOM trends.
Personnel selection: a longstanding story of impact at the individual, firm, and societal level

ABSTRACT This paper discusses how and why the field of personnel selection has made a long-lasting mark in work and organizational psychology. We start by outlining the importance and relevance of the well-established analytical framework (criterion-related validity, incremental validity, utility) for examining the impact of selection at the individual (job performance) level. We also document the substantive criterion-related validities of most common selection procedures on the basis of cumulative meta-analytic research. Next, we review more recent research that investigated the impact of selection at the more macro organizational (firm performance) level. We show that the positive relationship between selection and performance at the individual-level translates to the organizational-level. Finally, we draw upon a longstanding project on situational judgement tests to exemplify the tradition of implementing interventions for improving the way selection is done in specific settings. We reflect on the reasons for this programme’s impact on the selection process and its decision makers. We end with recommendations to researchers in personnel selection and other fields for increasing the impact of their research projects.
Performance of geotechnical seismic isolation system using rubber‐soil mixtures in centrifuge testing

Geotechnical seismic isolation (GSI) system involves the dynamic interaction between structure and low‐modulus foundation material, such as rubber‐soil mixtures (RSM). Whilst numerical studies have been carried out to demonstrate the potential benefits of GSI‐RSM system, experimental research is indispensable for confirming its isolation mechanism and effectiveness in reducing structural demand. In this regard, centrifuge modelling with an earthquake shaker under an acceleration field of 50 g adopted in this study can mimic the actual nonlinear dynamic response characteristics of RSM and subsoil in a coupled soil‐foundation‐structure system. This is the first time the performance of GSI‐RSM system was examined in a geotechnical centrifuge. It was found that an average of 40‐50% reduction of structural demand can be achieved. The increase in both the horizontal and rotation responses of the foundation was also evidenced. The unique augmented rocking mechanism with reversible foundation rotation was highlighted.
Martian Oxygen and Hydrogen Upper Atmospheres Responding to Solar and Dust Storm Drivers: Hisaki Space Telescope Observations

We present variations of oxygen 130.4 nm and hydrogen Ly‐β airglow of the Martian upper atmosphere observed by the Hisaki spacecraft in the Earth orbit. In 5‐year intermittent observations covering various Mars seasons, the 130.4 nm brightness varied from ∼700 to ∼1,200 Rayleigh, correlated with the solar 130.4 nm flux. The Ly‐β brightness, on the other hand, varied from ∼50 to ∼260 Rayleigh, correlated with the column dust optical depth rather than the solar Ly‐β flux. This suggests that the global oxygen column density in the upper atmosphere was relatively stable over the observations while the hydrogen column density was highly variable, controlled by dust storms. Although the observations were made in different Mars Years, we suggest that the hydrogen column density increased by at least 2–5 times from non‐dusty to dusty seasons. The source of the hydrogen atoms is likely water vapor transported from the lower atmosphere which subsequently photodissociate into hydrogen atoms. The amount of oxygen atoms dissociated from water vapor is small compared with those dissociated from the main CO2 atmosphere. Large brightness of both emissions was detected during the comet siding spring (CSS) approach. We suggest that a large solar 130.4 nm flux caused the large 130.4 nm brightness and an effect of the CSS approach was small. For Ly‐β, a regional dust storm during the CSS approach likely caused the large brightness. Although it is possible that the hydrogen atoms are transported from the comet, we leave the effect of CSS on the Ly‐β brightness uncertain.
Millennials’ Uses and Gratifications on LinkedIn: Implications for Recruitment and Retention

While popular press has examined Millennial’s in the workforce, there is limited academic research about Millennials’ job searching strategies. This study draws on uses and gratifications theory to examine the motives, uses, and gratifications of U.S. Millennial job seekers for using LinkedIn. Consistent with previous uses and gratifications research, an online survey found Millennials (N = 216) use LinkedIn to find information, communicate with others, and for surveillance needs. Millennials use about 42.8% of the features available on LinkedIn for professional development, entertainment, and networking. Finally, this research found that Millennials obtain social/functional and hedonic value from using LinkedIn. Collectively, the results indicate that Millennials are using the site regularly, although at less than half of its capacity, regardless of whether or not they are job searching, but in ways that violate the expectations of potential employers and recruiters. Theoretical contributions and business communication implications are discussed.
Outcomes of Group D Retinoblastoma With Resistant Vitreous Seeds After Integration of Intravitreal Chemotherapy to the Treatment Protocol

Introduction: A major therapeutic challenge in the salvage of Group D retinoblastoma eyes is the poor response of vitreous seeds to intravenous chemotherapy. The novel use of intravitreal melphalan has greatly impacted the salvage of such eyes; however, concerns regarding its safety and toxicity still exist, particularly in dark-eyed children. This study aims to evaluate our experience and determine the visual and anatomical outcomes of intravitreal melphalan in group D retinoblastoma with resistant vitreous seeds. Method: All patients, from August 2018 to February 2020, with group D retinoblastoma harboring vitreous seeds refractory to first-line chemo reduction regimen with vincristine, etoposide, and carboplatin for six cycles plus local consolidation with thermotherapy or cryotherapy were evaluated. Fifteen eyes of 15 patients that fulfilled the eligibility criteria and received intravitreal melphalan were retrospectively reviewed for demographics, iris color, treatments offered, seed inactivation, globe survival, visual acuity, and complications. Result: Mean age at presentation was 22 months for bilateral disease and 36 months for unilateral disease. A total of 77 injections were administered (mean, five injections per eye) with doses ranging from 20 µg to 30 µg. Complete seed control was seen in 13 of 15 (87%) eyes, and globe salvage was possible in 11 of 15 (73%) eyes. Eyes with macular tumor had visual acuity ranging from 6/36 (0.8) to 6/60 (1.0). SIx of eight eyes (75%) with extra macular tumors had vision 0.4 or better. Conclusion: Intravitreal melphalan seems like a promising treatment modality in group D retinoblastoma with resistant vitreous seeds having dark eyes. Amblyopia therapy may play an important role in attaining maximal visual benefits in these children.
Surface chemistry of Ru: relevance to optics lifetime in EUVL

Ruthenium capping layers ~2 nm thick are used to protect and extend the lifetimes of Si/Mo multilayer mirrors used in extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) applications. In the present work, we use ultrahigh vacuum surface science methods to address two aspects of Ru surface chemistry: (a) use of atomic hydrogen to remove oxygen from O-covered Ru, and (b) the effects of a model background hydrocarbon gas (methyl methacrylate, MMA) on the accumulation of carbon on a Ru(10 1010) single crystal surface. Atomic H is very effective in removing O from Ru even at 300K; the interpretation is that H reacts directly with adsorbed O to make OH, and a subsequent H atom reacts with OH to make H2O, which desorbs at 300K. MMA adsorbs strongly on Ru in the first monolayer and dissociates upon heating; H2 and CO desorption products are seen upon heating from 300 to 600K, while a fractional monolayer of C remains on the surface. Physisorbed multilayers of MMA form at temperatures below ~170K. Thermal desorption of MMA dosed onto O-covered Ru shows that MMA reacts and completely removes an adsorbed O monolayer upon heating. Electron bombardment of MMA/Ru causes polymerization and also can induce accumulation of carbon - all depends on electron fluence, partial pressure of MMA, and substrate temperature.
Changing Business Dynamism and Productivity: Shocks versus Responsiveness

The pace of job reallocation has declined in all U.S. sectors since 2000. In standard models, aggregate job reallocation depends on (a) the dispersion of idiosyncratic productivity shocks faced by businesses and (b) the marginal responsiveness of businesses to those shocks. Using several novel empirical facts from business microdata, we infer that the pervasive post-2000 decline in reallocation reflects weaker responsiveness in a manner consistent with rising adjustment frictions and not lower dispersion of shocks. The within-industry dispersion of TFP and output per worker has risen, while the marginal responsiveness of employment growth to business-level productivity has weakened. The responsiveness in the post-2000 period for young firms in the high-tech sector is only about half (in manufacturing) to two thirds (economy wide) of the peak in the 1990s. Counterfactuals show that weakening productivity responsiveness since 2000 accounts for a significant drag on aggregate productivity.
Observations on decadal sandbar behaviour along a large‐scale curved shoreline

Nearshore sandbars are characteristic features of sandy surf zones and have been observed with a variety of geometries in cross‐shore (e.g. location) and longshore direction (e.g. planform). Although the behaviour of sandbars has been studied extensively on spatial scales up to kilometres and timescales up to years, it remains challenging to observe and explain their behaviour on larger spatial and temporal scales, especially in locations where coastline curvature can be prominent. In this paper, we study a data set with 38 years of coastal profiles, collected with alongshore intervals of 50 m, along the 34 km‐long curved sandy shoreline of Sylt island, Germany. Sylt's shoreline has an orientation difference of ~20° between the northern and southern half of the island. We found that the decadal coastal profiles on the southern half show features of a low‐tide terrace and a sandbar located further from the shoreline (~441 m). On the nothern half, the sandbar was located closer to the shoreline (~267 m) and was less pronounced, while the profiles show transverse bar and rip features. The alongshore planform also differed systematically and significantly along the two island sides. The sandbar on the southern island half, with alongshore periodicity on a larger length scale (~2240 m), was coupled out‐of‐phase to the shoreline, while no phase coupling was observed for the sandbar with periodicity on a shorter length scale (~670 m) on the northern half. We related the observed geometric differences of the sandbars to the difference in the local wave climate along Sylt, imposed by the shoreline shape. Our observations imply that small alongshore variations in wave climate, due to the increasing shoreline curvature on larger spatial scales, can lead to significant alongshore differences in the decadal evolution of coastal profiles, sandbars and shorelines. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Research on the Magnetic Absorption Design of Cylinder Climbing Vehicle on the Wall

- Cylinder climbing vehicle is a kind of industrial wall-climbing robot, which can move smoothly and flexibly on the vertical wall of the cylinder of the chemical container. It combines the design of an ordinary ground mobile machine and the design of adsorption. According to the working environment of the cylindrical climbing car and its properties, the adsorption design is selected; in the ANSYS MAXWELL 14.0 software environment, the corresponding static magnetic field simulation model is established, the variables are set according to the related environmental parameters, and the existing design is quantitatively analyzed on the wall surface. The change of the overall magnetic attraction force when keeping different distances; the performance advantages and disadvantages of the two other magnetic field arrangements of the adsorption device are discussed. In actual engineering experiments, the theoretical analysis results were verified. The adsorption device's operational reliability was confirmed, and the basis for the adjustment of the magnetic adsorption device was provided.
Bohemia at the End of the La Tène Period:
Objects, Materials, Chronology, and Main Development Trends – A Review

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of current knowledge concerning the late La Tène chronology in Bohemia and Moravia during the LT C2–D2 phases (150–0 BC) with an emphasis on developments in the latter stages of the La Tène occupation of the Middle Danube zone (LT D1b – LT D2). During the first century BC, specifically from the 70s and 60s BC onwards, a succession of events caused a rapid chain of reactions that resulted in the abandonment of the oppida and the replacement of the La Tène population in Bohemia by incomers of Germanic origin on the one hand, and a final rapid rise of the La Tène elites in the Middle Danube zone on the other. These processes are accompanied by a distinctive material culture of both local and external origin (Mediterranean and Germanic) and these objects tell us much about the society and its socio-economic strategies, distribution patterns and long-distance communication. The article does not aim to provide an historical account of the events that took place around the second half of the first century BC, such as Ceasar’s military campaigns against the Helvetians and in Gaul, the supposed participation of the Boii in these events, and the demise of the Celtic occupation of the Bratislava oppidum as a result of the (supposed) devastating incursion by the Dacians under the leadership of Burebista. The objective is to summarise what is known about the chronology of this turbulent period of the first century BC and to offer an archaeological overview of the developments of material culture in the Middle Danube zone. Late La Tène, chronology, material analysis, metals, glass, oppida, Central Europe
Fluid flow and chemical reaction kinetics in metamorphic systems

The treatment and effects of chemical reaction kinetics during metamorphism are developed along with the incorporation of fluid flow, diffusion, and thermal evolution. The interplay of fluid flow and surface reaction rates, the distinction between steady state and equilibrium, and the possible overstepping of metamorphic reactions are discussed using a simple analytic model. This model serves as an introduction to the second part of the paper, which develops a reaction model that solves the coupled temperature-fluid flow-chemical composition differential equations relevant to metamorphic processes. Consideration of stable isotopic evidence requires that such a kinetic model be considered for the chemical evolution of a metamorphic aureole. A general numerical scheme is discussed to handle the solution of the model. The results of this kinetic model allow us to reach several important conclusions regarding the factors controlling the chemical evolution of mineral assemblages during a metamorphic event. 41 refs., 19 figs., 5 tabs.
On the Mean Flow Solutions of Related Rotating Disk Flows of the BEK System

This paper investigates the effects of the YHP roughness model on the mean flow solutions of some flows belong to the family of the rotating BEK system flows. The governing mean flow equations are formulated in the rotating frame of reference, therefore, they include terms arising from the centrifugal force. These mean flow equations are solved using the method of lines and the backward difference method. Then, obtained results are compared for specifically selected value of roughness parameters with the results of a fundamentally different roughness model, the MW model. The results of the YHP model reveal that applying surface roughness changes the characteristics of the mean flow components. Moreover, the comparison of the YHP and MW models points that these changes are notably different for each model. Therefore, possible future researches can be conducted to investigate the stability characteristics of the flows due to the selection of the roughness model.
Effects of Salinity and Drought Stress on Grain Quality of Durum Wheat

This work aimed to assess the influences of soil salinity and drought stresses on grain quality characteristics of selected salt-tolerant genotypes differing in salinity tolerance in durum wheat. This study was conducted under control, drought, and saline field conditions in separate experiments during 2 years. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used for each experiment. The results showed significant effects of genotype and environmental conditions on all grain-quality related traits. Salt and drought stress caused the significant increment of grain protein content, wet and dry gluten contents, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sedimentation volume. Thousand-grain weight, grain protein yield, and test weight reduced significantly under both salinity and drought stress conditions. Protein content showed positive correlation with wet gluten, dry gluten, SDS sedimentation, and volume and strong negative correlation with other traits. It is concluded that influence of salinity stress was greater than drought stress on grain protein yield and some other grain-quality-related traits.