Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reported adverse events during out-of-hospital mechanical ventilation and ventilatory support in emergency medical services and critical care transport crews: a systematic review

Background Emergency medical services (EMS) and critical care transport crews constantly face critically-ill patients who need ventilatory support in scenarios where correct interventions can be the difference between life and death; furthermore, challenges like limited staff working on the patient and restricted spaces are often present. Due to these, mechanical ventilation (MV) can be a support by liberating staff from managing the airway and allowing them to focus on other areas; however, these patients face many complications that personnel must be aware of. Aims To establish the main complications related to out-of-hospital MV and ventilatory support through a systematic review. Methodology PubMed, BVS and Scopus were searched from inception to July 2021, following the PRISMA guidelines; search strategy and protocol were registered in PROSPERO. Two authors carried out an independent analysis of the articles; any disagreement was solved by mutual consensus, and data was extracted on a pre-determined spreadsheet. Only original articles were included, and risk of bias was assessed with quality assessment tools from the National Institutes of Health. Results The literature search yielded a total of 2,260 articles, of which 26 were included in the systematic review, with a total of 9,418 patients with out-of-hospital MV; 56.1% were male, and the age ranged from 18 to 82 years. In general terms of aetiology, 12.2% of ventilatory problems were traumatic in origin, and 64.8% were non-traumatic, with slight changes between out-of-hospital settings. Mechanical ventilation was performed 49.2% of the time in prehospital settings and 50.8% of the time in interfacility transport settings (IFTS). Invasive mechanical ventilation was used 98.8% of the time in IFTS while non-invasive ventilation was used 96.7% of the time in prehospital settings. Reporting of adverse events occurred in 9.1% of cases, of which 94.4% were critical events, mainly pneumothorax in 33.1% of cases and hypotension in 27.6% of cases, with important considerations between type of out-of-hospital setting and ventilatory mode; total mortality was 8.4%. Conclusion Reported adverse events of out-of-hospital mechanical ventilation vary between settings and ventilatory modes; this knowledge could aid EMS providers in promptly recognizing and resolving such clinical situations, depending on the type of scenario being faced.
Preschool Teachers’ Issues and Beliefs in English Language Teaching: A Systematic Review (2012-2022)

The introduction of English language teaching (ELT) at the preschool level has been widely discussed by researchers. While most agree with ELT at preschool level, considerable issues are faced in learning a second, third, or foreign language. Therefore, this systematic review discusses the issues preschool teachers face in implementing ELT and their beliefs on how ELT should be applied to young children. Using three renowned databases, namely Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and Educational Resources Information Centre (ERIC), 34 articles were extracted out of 85 articles, from 2012 to 2022, with exclusion and inclusion criteria taken into consideration. The findings of this study showcased eight main issues faced by preschool teachers in implementing ELT: English language proficiency, pedagogical skills, teacher perception, curriculum, teaching resources, training, socio-cultural, and classroom environment. In terms of preschool teachers' beliefs about ELT, there are four main issues: Bilingual education, children's characteristics, curriculum alteration, and teachers’ experience. Generally, these findings will guide teachers, responsible authorities, and researchers to acquire an overview of the actual issues that occur in the implementation of ELT in preschools as well as the appropriate measures to overcome them, starting from the preschool teachers' beliefs.
Activation of Gossypium hirsutum ACS6 Facilitates Fiber Development by Improving Sucrose Metabolism and Transport

Cotton fiber yield depends on the density of fiber cell initials that form on the ovule epidermis. Fiber initiation is triggered by MYB-MIXTA-like transcription factors (GhMMLs) and requires a sucrose supply. Ethylene or its precursor ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) is suggested to affect fiber yield. The Gossypium hirsutum (L.) genome contains 35 ACS genes (GhACS) encoding ACC synthases. Here, we explored the role of a GhACS family member in the regulation of fiber initiation. Expression analyses showed that the GhACS6.3 gene pair was specifically expressed in the ovules during fiber initiation (3 days before anthesis to 5 days post anthesis, −3 to 5 DPA), especially at −3 DPA, whereas other GhACS genes were expressed at very low or undetectable levels. The expression profile of GhACS6.3 during fiber initial development was confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis. Transgenic lines overexpressing GhACS6.3 (GhACS6.3-OE) showed increased ACC accumulation in ovules, which promoted the formation of fiber initials and fiber yield components. This was accompanied by increased transcript levels of GhMML3 and increased transcript levels of genes encoding sucrose transporters and sucrose synthase. These findings imply that GhACS6.3 activation is required for fiber initial development. Our results lay the foundation for further research on increasing cotton fiber production.
A Retrospective Study of Body Weight Changes in Patients Receiving Cyproheptadine in A Hospital-Based Outpatient Setting in Thailand

Cyproheptadine has been used as an appetite stimulant to increase body weight in various population. This study aimed to determine the effect of cyproheptadine on weight changes in Thai patients. A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted in adult patients who were prescribed with cyproheptadine, having body weight records at 2 times consecutively during 12-month period at the medical outpatient department, the Police General Hospital, Thailand. Of 125 participants, 69.6% were females and the mean age was 78.38 (SD ± 11.68) years. Hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus were the most common underlying conditions. The mean body mass index (BMI) at 1st visit was 21.16 (SD ± 3.64) kg/m2. The mean body weight at 1st and 2nd visit were 52.46 (SD ± 11.11) kg, and 52.61 (SD ± 10.98) kg, respectively. Overall, there was no significant change in body weight between two visits. In underweight patients (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), the mean BMI decreased significantly in the 2nd visit compared to 1st visit (p = 0.044). At the 2nd visit, older age and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were negatively associated with body weight (p < 0.05). The polypharmacy (odds ratio (OR), 0.778; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.616 – 0.982), the presence of hypertension (OR, 0.022; 95%. CI, 0.001 – 0.390) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (OR, 0.969; 95% CI, 0.942 – 0.996) were also negatively associated with abnormal BMI. Cyproheptadine might not improve the body weight of patients in this population. The factors associated with lower body weight in this study may be helpful in further research.
Ways to Improve Workflow and Morale in an Ophthalmology Clinic: Survey Advice from Clinic Staff

Objective: We aim to improve job workflow and satisfaction amongst clinic staff at an academic ophthalmology department. Methods: We analyzed survey data given over a 2-week period in July 2021. The participants were support staff (N = 18) from an academic ophthalmology department. Paper surveys were distributed to participants and returned anonymously for analysis. Results: The survey contained 9 Likert-style categorical questions, 2 of which were free response options. A total of 22 participants attempted the survey, 18 of these (82%) were complete and included in analysis. About half of the staff were satisfied with the current workflow 10/18 (56%). Staff who were clinical care coordinators had the lowest average satisfaction (2/5 on a 5-point scale) and the nursing team had the highest average (4.75/5). The most common staff suggestion for improving workflow efficiency was to train residents on forwarding and answering messages more effectively. Conclusion: This survey suggests that assigning patient message processing to the nursing staff can improve job satisfaction and workflow. Staff told us that the most exciting part of the job was appreciation from coworkers 9/30 (30%) and from physicians 8/30 (27%). The findings provide advice to physicians for optimizing communication, and staff experience, within their own ophthalmology clinics.
Strategic Listening: Examining the Efficacy of a Pedagogical Cycle Intended to Teach the Listening Process, Increase Metacognitive Awareness and Improve Comprehension

FREDAY, MARY E. , M.A., June 2011, Linguistics Strategic Listening: Examining the Efficacy of a Pedagogical Cycle Intended to Teach the Listening Process, Increase Metacognitive Awareness and Improve Comprehension Director of Thesis: Gregory Kessler Successful L2 listeners use metacognitive strategies more often and in more effective combinations than novice listeners. Raising learners’ awareness of metacognition and training them to self-select and use strategy clusters is hypothesized to improve L2 listening abilities. This study examined the effect of 10 weeks of explicit strategy instruction, delivered in a cyclical format to sensitize learners to the metacognitive processes underlying listening, on the listening comprehension, metacognitive awareness, and opinions of intermediate ESL learners. These constructs were examined with an alternate group for comparative purposes. The constructs of listening comprehension and metacognitive awareness were analyzed for the presence of a correlation; they were not correlated at the beginning of the treatment but were significantly correlated at the end. The results regarding listening comprehension were inconclusive and no significant improvement was made. The treatment resulted in a significant increase in the experimental participants’ self-reported metacognitive awareness. Half the experimental participants had positive opinions about the treatment. Approved: _____________________________________________________________ Gregory Kessler Assistant Professor of Linguistics
Identifying types of behavior of food SMEs towards food waste management

Food waste is a significant sustainable challenge in Indonesia, particularly in commercial centers like Banyumas, it ranks as the second largest source of food waste. Despite the availability of information on food waste management, a substantial amount of food waste continues to be generated by food Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). This research aims to categorize food SMEs in Banyumas based their food waste management behavior. The Extended Norm Activation Model framework was employed to assess the behavior of food SMEs in managing food waste. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 115 food SMEs in Banyumas, leading to the formation of two clusters through K-Means clustering: unmanageable and manageable. The unmanageable cluster exhibited the lowest levels of knowledge, awareness, and intention regarding food waste management and still requires substantial improvement in managing food waste. In contrast, the manageable cluster comprises food SMEs that have successfully implemented food waste management practices. These businesses demonstrate a heightened awareness of the food waste issue, take individual responsibility for addressing it, actively work to reduce waste. The finding of this research can serve as a basis fpr developing tailored mitigation strategies based on the behavior of SMEs in each cluster.
Tropospheric ozone, lightning, and climate change

Tropospheric O 3 is an important greenhouse gas. Lightning is a major source of NO x , and thus of tropospheric O 3 It has recently been suggested that due to an apparent strong correlation between lightning strike rates and surface temperatures, tropospheric O 3 may significantly increase if the climate warms, resulting in a substantial positive climate forcing. This paper attempts to quantify the extent of this forcing and the associated positive climate feedback. Simulations incorporating a tropospheric 03-surface temperature parameterization are performed of the last glacial maximum and of a climate in which greenhouse gas concentrations have been doubled. The O 3 parameterization is based on results from a two-dimensional chemical model. The simulations are obtained using a one-dimensional radiative-convective model, in which CO 2 , CH 4 , tropospheric O 3 , and in the case of the paleoclimate simulation the surface albedo, are varied both independently and in combination. In the paleoclimate case, the tropospheric O 3 feedback has roughly two thirds of the effect on surface temperatures as the change in tropospheric O 3 due to industrialization alone. During climate warming, the effect on surface temperatures is about 60% of that due to a doubling of CH 4 . The results indicate that a surface temperature-lightning-O 3 feedback, currently absent in general circulation models, could significantly affect anthropogenic climate change. Improved modeling and observations are required to confirm this.
Irregular western margin of the Yangtze block as a cause of variation in tectonic activity along the Longmen Shan fault zone, eastern Tibet

On 12 May 2008 and 20 April 2013, respectively, the devastating magnitude 7.9 (Wenchuan) and magnitude 7.0 (Ya’an) earthquakes struck the southwestern Longmen Shan fault zone (LMSFZ), the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. These events were notable because they occurred in a heavily populated area and resulted in severe damage and loss of life. Here we present an integrated analysis of potential field anomalies and a crustal-scale seismic reflection image to investigate the crustal structure and some tectonic relationships associated with these devastating events. Our results show that the western margin of the Yangtze crustal block possesses an irregular margin that extends westward beyond the LMSFZ to the northeast and merges gradually with the LMSFZ to the southwest. We interpret this variation in deep structure to create a lateral heterogeneity in the local stress regime that explains the observed variations in fault geometry and slip distribution, as well as seismicity, of the LMSFZ. This structural complexity results in a differential build-up of stress as the Tibetan Plateau is being extruded eastward. Thus, the results of this research can help identify potential natural hazard zones and focus efforts on hazard mitigation.
Entropy‐based equation to assess hillslope sediment production

A new equation to assess hillslope sediment production, based on physical and probabilistic approaches, is presented. The equation, which allows the computation of the delivery ratio for every event, considers the physical variables of travel distance, stream power, settling velocity and gross erosion. The probability density function that arises from the new formulation is solved using the principle of maximum entropy. Based on data from five watersheds in both tropical and temperate zones, the new delivery parameter Kv is calibrated and associated with vegetation cover and conservation practice. The proposed equation is rationally based in relation to parameter Kv. The entropy‐based equation was applied to assess sediment yield in two other experimental watersheds, showing good predictability for the set (mean absolute error of 20·8%). No systematic error was found in the analysed data. The entropy‐based equation showed good predictability for long‐term sets of data and for high‐erosivity events, but did not perform well for the low‐erosivity ones. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distribution of atomic oxygen in the upper atmosphere deduced from Ogo 6 airglow observations

The atomic oxygen distribution as a function of altitude between 80 and 120 km and as a function of latitude has been deduced from Ogo 6 557.7-nm airglow photometer data obtained between August 1969 and April 1970. The results indicate that the density ranges between 1.5 and 5 × 1010 cm−3 at 120 km; that there is a semiannual variation by a factor of 3 in the global average density near 100 km in phase with the satellite drag semiannual effect; and that large latitudinal variations occur with maximums between 40° and 60° in the winter hemisphere and sometimes deep minimums in the tropics. The implication of these results for meridional and vertical transport patterns is discussed.
Brine in ihe McMurdo ice shelf, Antarctica

Abstract In 1959 brine-soaked firn was discovered in the McMurdo Ice Shelf. Since then, as part of a comprehensive glaciological programme, 13 holes have been drilled and have confirmed the presence of extensive brine infiltration along the western area of the Ice Shelf, up to 20 km from the ice edge of McMurdo Sound. Results illustrating the relationship of density to depth and to salinity are given and the methods of infiltration of brine to form brine-soaked firn are discussed. From this, a theoretical model of the Ice Shelf showing the distribution and extent of brine-soaked firn that may be expected has been postulated.
Lukkulaisvaaraite, Pd14Ag2Te9, a new mineral from Lukkulaisvaara intrusion, northern Russian Karelia, Russia

Abstract Lukkulaisvaaraite, Pd14Ag2Te9, is a new platinum-group mineral discovered in the Lukkulaisvaara intrusion, northern Russian Karelia, Russia. In polished section crystals are ~40 μm across, rimmed by tulameenite and accompanied to varying degrees by telargpalite and Bi-rich kotulskite. Lukkulaisvaaraite is brittle, has a metallic lustre and a grey streak. Values of VHN20 fall between 339 and 371 kg mm-2, with a mean value of 355 kg mm-2, corresponding to a Mohs hardness of ~4. In plane-polarized light, lukkulaisvaaraite is light grey with a brownish tinge, has strong bireflectance, light brownish-grey to greyish-brown pleochroism and distinct to strong anisotropy; it exhibits no internal reflections. Reflectance values of lukkulaisvaaraite in air (R1, R2, in %) are: 40.9, 48.3 at 470 nm, 47.6, 56.4 at 546 nm, 52.1, 61.0 at 589 nm and 57.5, 65.2 at 650 nm. Five electron microprobe analyses of natural lukkulaisvaaraite gave the average composition Pd 52.17, Ag 7.03 and Te 40.36, total 99.61 wt. %, corresponding to the empirical formula Pd14.05Ag1. 88Te9.06 based on 25 atoms; the average of nine analyses on synthetic lukkulaisvaaraite is Pd 52.13, Ag 7.31 and Te 40.58, total 100.02 wt. %, corresponding to Pd13.99Ag1. 93Te9.08. The mineral is tetragonal, space group I4/m, with a = 8.9599(6), c = 11.822(1) Å , V = 949.1(1) Å3 and Z = 2. The crystal structure was solved and refined from the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) data of synthetic Pd14Ag2Te9. Lukkulaisvaaraite has a unique structure type and shows similarities to that of sopcheite (Ag4Pd3Te4) and palladseite (Pd17Se15). The strongest lines in the powder XRD pattern of synthetic lukkulaisvaaraite [d(Å),I,hkl] are: 2.8323(58)(130,310), 2.8088(92),(213), 2.5542(66)(312), 2.4312(41)(321,231), 2.1367(57)(411,141), 2.1015(52)(233,323), 2.0449(100)(314), 2.0031(63)(420,240), 1.9700(30)(006), 1.4049(30)(246,426), 1.3187(36)(543,453). The mineral is named for the type locality, the Lukkulaisvaara intrusion in Russian Karelia.
Physical properties of the Indian aerosol plume derived from six‐wavelength lidar Observations on 25 March 1999 of the Indian Ocean Experiment

A major pollution outbreak from the Indian subcontinent was observed with a six‐wavelength aerosol lidar at Hulule island (4.1°N, 73.3° E) on 25 March 1999 during the Indian Ocean Experiment. From the observed backscatter and extinction data, vertical profiles of physical particle properties were determined. Effective radii between 0.14 and 0.22 µm, complex refractive indices of about 1.65 in real part and between 0.03i and 0.08i in imaginary part, and single‐scattering albedos between 0.79 and 0.86 at 532 nm suggest anthropogenic activities and biomass burning as source of the particles. First estimates from radiative‐transfer calculations show a cooling of −6.4 W/m² at the top of the atmosphere and −70 W/m² at ground level.
A Methodological Approach to Identify Natural Compounds with Antifibrotic Activity and the Potential to Treat Pulmonary Fibrosis Using Single-Cell Sequencing and Primary Human Lung Macrophages

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common and lethal form of the interstitial pneumonias. The cause of the disease is unknown, and new therapies that stop or reverse disease progression are desperately needed. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing have led to an abundance of freely available, clinically relevant, organ-and-disease-specific, single-cell transcriptomic data, including studies from patients with IPF. We mined data from published IPF data sets and identified gene signatures delineating pro-fibrotic or antifibrotic macrophages and then used the Enrichr platform to identify compounds with the potential to drive the macrophages toward the antifibrotic transcriptotype. We then began testing these compounds in a novel in vitro phenotypic drug screening assay utilising human lung macrophages recovered from whole-lung lavage of patients with silicosis. As predicted by the Enrichr tool, glitazones potently modulated macrophage gene expression towards the antifibrotic phenotype. Next, we assayed a subset of the NatureBank pure compound library and identified the cyclobutane lignan, endiandrin A, which was isolated from the roots of the endemic Australian rainforest plant, Endiandra anthropophagorum, with a similar antifibrotic potential to the glitazones. These methods open new avenues of exploration to find treatments for lung fibrosis.
Role of localized mixing around the Kuril Straits in the Pacific thermohaline circulation

[1] We investigate the Pacific thermohaline circulation induced by the locally enhanced vertical mixing around the Kuril Straits by using a general circulation model. When the strong vertical mixing reaches the sea surface, localized upwelling is induced from the depth to the surface. On the contrary, in the cases where the strong vertical mixing does not reach the sea surface, downwelling of surface water is induced in the shallow layer while upwelling of deep water is induced below. The structure of the meridional overturning circulation in the Pacific Ocean significantly differs depending on whether the surface buoyancy flux is large enough to sustain upwelling of deep water or not. The mixing-induced downwelling of shallow water is not associated with the sea surface cooling, and the source of dense water is in the deep ocean. Among the non-surface-reaching mixing cases, the depth that separates the downwelling and upwelling is found to be relatively insensitive to the depth where the vertical diffusivity sharply changes.