Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Canonical subgroups of formal groups

Let R be a complete local domain of mixed characteristic. This paper gives a complete answer to the question: "If F is a one-dimensional formal group over R of finite height, when is there a canonical morphism F -+ F' that lifts Frobenius? " For given height h, a universal family of formal groups F with such a morphism is constructed, and the shape of F' is described for small values of h. Let X be an Abelian variety or a divisible commutative formal group, of dimension n, defined over ap-adic integer ring R. Let k be the residue-field of Rand X'= X x Rk, and suppose in the Abelian variety case that X' is also an Abelian variety. Then in either case, X' has a canonical subgroupscheme of order pn, the kernel of the Frobenius morphism frob: X' -* X'(P) where X'(P) may be thought of as the structure obtained from X' by raising the coefficients of all defining relations to the pth power, and frob is the morphism that raises each coordinate of a given point to thepth power. The question then arises: under what circumstances may there be an X* and a morphism 0: X -* X*, both defined over R, such that (X*, )) x R k = (X'(P), frob)? An equivalent formulation is: when is there a finite groupscheme r of X, defined over R, such that r XR k = ker(frob)? In case R is not highly-enough ramified over Zp, there may be no lifting of the kernel of Frobenius [10], but in general a finite extension of R will bring in subgroups reducing to ker(frob). The question to be attacked here is rather: under what conditions is there a canonical lifting of the kernel of Frobenius? Although I will treat only the one-dimensional formal case in this paper, I can point out here the original motivation for this question, which comes from the study of elliptic curves. If E is an elliptic curve over R with good reduction, then "reduction modulo p" sends geometric points of E to geometric points of E'. Calling [PIE the endomorphism "multiplication by p" on E, we see that if E' is ordinary, i.e. not supersingular, then ker[p]E has exactly p points that go to identity under reduction modulo p. Thus when E' is ordinary ker(reduction mod p) n ker[ P ] E Received by the editors August 9, 1977. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 14L05; Secondary 14D15; 14D20. 1979 American Mathematical Society 0002-9947/79/0000-0305/$07.25 103 This content downloaded from 157.55. 39.116 on Sun, 18 Sep 2016 06:29:00 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms
Millimeter-Wave 3-D Imaging Using Leaky-Wave Antennas and an Extended Rytov Approximation in a Frequency-Diverse MIMO System

A millimeter-wave (mmW) 3-D imaging system using high scanning-rate leaky-wave antennas in a frequency-diverse multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna configuration is proposed. A novelty of the approach is the use of high scanning-rate leaky-wave antennas combined with MIMO to obtain both frequency and spatial diversities. Furthermore, an extended Rytov approximation (xRA), recently shown to provide accurate reconstructions for high permittivity and electrically large-sized low-loss objects, is also included in the approach. Compared with frequency-diversity-only and spatial-diversity-only imaging systems, the proposed system can provide enhanced imaging performance by leveraging both spatial and frequency diversities simultaneously. In addition, the imaging time and hardware cost can be significantly reduced, resulting in a low-cost mmW imaging system. The formulation for the 3-D imaging system is simplified to a scalar form by leveraging the polarization of the leaky-wave antennas and the polarization dominance of the scattered wave components, allowing xRA to be formulated. Sensing capacity and correlation coefficient evaluation methods are used to estimate the performance of the high scanning-rate leaky-wave MIMO imaging system. The scalar formulation also allows us to straightforwardly compare MIMO microwave imaging with MIMO radar to highlight the commonality between them. Numerical and experimental examples demonstrate that the proposed system with xRA can accurately estimate the contrast function amplitude and the positions of dielectric scatterers in a 3-D imaging region using two transmit and 11 receive leaky-wave antennas and 49 frequency samples within the 37.2–42-GHz frequency range.
Design and Evaluation of a Personal Robot Playing a Self-Management for Children with Obesity

The preponderance of obesity and being overweight among children has increased significantly during the last two decades in Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates (UAE) with overwhelming consequences to public health. Most recommended approaches have paid attention to a healthier diet and physical activity (PA) to reduce obesity. Recent research shows that the use of social robots could play a vital role in encouraging children to improve their skills in self-management. As children need to be surprised and feel a sense of enjoyment when involved in any activity where they can spend time and actively engage in activities, social robots could be an effective intervention for this purpose. In this context, the current project aimed to build an innovation social robot system to offer a set of activities to help obese children improve their capabilities to manage their selves properly and increase their obesity knowledge. This study aimed to determine the perceptions of obese children towards the NAO robot, a new medical technology, and analyze their responses to the robot’s advice and education-related activities. A proposed model of the intervention using the NAO robot is discussed in this study, and a pilot study was conducted to assess the performance of the proposed system. The obtained results showed an average acceptability of 89.37% for social robots to be involved in obesity management.
The nature of the acceptor centre in semiconducting diamond

A precision study has been made of the temperature dependence of the Hall effect and resistivity in five carefully selected natural semiconducting diamonds. The donor and acceptor concentrations in each sample have been calculated from the Hall effect data, and the acceptor concentrations are shown to correlate excellently with the intensities of the acceptor infrared absorption spectrum in each diamond. The behaviour of the resistivity is characteristic of a single acceptor centre, and the much lower activation energy observed at low temperatures is attributed to the tunnelling of electrons from ionized to neutral acceptor centres. The aluminium concentration in each crystal has been measured by slow neutron activation analysis and found to be substantially lower than the acceptor concentration in every case. Aluminium therefore cannot form the acceptor centre as was previously thought. Boron is the only group III element that neutron activation analysis has not eliminated as a possible acceptor, and the results of other workers point to boron as a likely candidate. The revised interpretation, that the acceptor centre in semiconducting diamond is definitely not aluminium and probably boron, is discussed, and its significance to previous publications is critically considered.
Mitigating the Toxic Effects of Chromium on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seed Germination and Seedling Growth by Using Biochar and Polymer-Modified Biochar in Contaminated Soil

The present study was conducted to investigate the potential influences of biochar in mitigating the phytotoxic effects of hexavalent chromium (CrVI) on the germination of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Biochar (JBC) was produced from Jujube (Ziziphus jujube L.) wood waste at three different pyrolysis temperatures (300 °C, 500 °C and 700 °C), which was later polymerized (JPBC) via the solution-polymerization method. Phytotoxicity of CrVI was induced to wheat seeds at variable CrVI application rates (5, 10, 20, 40 mg L−1). Applied CrVI concentrations confined the seed germination and seedling growth in order of: 5 < 10 < 20 < 40 mg L−1. The application of JBCs (0.2 g per petri plate) resulted in a 150% increase in shoot length, while dry biomass was increased by 250% with JPBCs application. Uptake of CrVI was significantly lower in JBC-300 (7.74 μg/seedling) and JPBC-300 (1.13 μg/seedling) treatments, as compared to control (13.24 μg/seedling), at the highest stress level (40 mg L−1). Therefore, the findings of the current study showed that JBCs and JPBCs performed excellently in improving seedling growth while JPBCs performed more efficiently than pristine JBCs in mitigating CrVI phytotoxicity and availability.
On the Properties of Voiceless Fricative Consonants

According to an acoustical theory of speech production, the spectra of voiceless fricatives can be characterized by poles and zeros whose frequency locations are dependent on the vocal‐tract configuration and on the location of the source of excitation within the vocal tract. The locations of the important poles and zeros in the spectra of fricatives can be determined by a matching process whereby comparison spectra synthesized by electric circuits are matched against the spectra under analysis. This method has been used to determine the frequencies and bandwidths of the important poles and zeros for several versions of /f/, /s/, and /∫/. Based on these findings, a simplified electrical model is developed for the synthesis of voiceless fricatives. The model consists of a noise‐excited electric circuit characterized by a pole and a zero whose frequency locations can be varied. Stimuli generated by this model, both in isolation and in syllables, are presented to listeners for identification. The results of .
Descriptive Study Of Teachers’ Loyalty In Yaa Bunayya 1 Kindergarten, Surabaya

Teachers’ loyalty is an important thing as frequent teachers’ turnover will have negative effect towards students. Teachers in Yaa Bunayya 1 Kindergarten Surabaya are highly loyal towards their school, where most teachers had worked for more than 3 years even though their wages are below minimum payment in Surabaya City. This study aimed to magnify factors that contribute towards teacher’s loyalty upon their organization aside from financial reward. This study used semi-structural interview with teachers that has worked in the school for at least 6 years, along with observation to obtain secondary data. Some things that contribute towards teachers’ loyalty aside from wage are work environment, relationship with co-workers and supervisors, and religious believe.
ON THE EXISTENCE OF SOLUTIONS WITH PRESCRIBED ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOUR FOR PERTURBED NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF SECOND ORDER

A global existence result for solutions $u(t)$ of the differential equation $x^{\prime \prime }+f(t,x)=p(t)$, $t\geq t_0\geq 1$, that can be written as $u(t)=P(t)+o(1)$ for all large $t$, where $P^{\prime \prime}(t)=p(t)$, is established by means of the Schauder-Tikhonov theorem. It generalizes the recent work of Lipovan [On the asymptotic behaviour of the solutions to a class of second order nonlinear differential equations, Glasgow Math. J.45 (2003), 179–87] and allows for a unifying treatment of the existence problems concerning asymptotically linear and oscillatory solutions of second order nonlinear differential equations.
Direct VLBI detection of the magnetosphere surrounding the young star S1 in Rho Ophiuchi

VLBI 6-mm data are presently used to investigate the circularly polarized radio core previously identified around the young B3 star S1 in Rho Ophiuchi. The measured angular diameter and brightness temperature are found to be consistent with gyrosynchrotrom radiation emission from mildly relativistic electrons. A simple model based on a pole-on dipolar magnetic field of about 2 kG at the stellar surface suggests itself as consistent with the main observed features of the S1 magnetosphere; an important feature of the model is its taking the influence of the X-ray-emitting plasma into account. S1 may represent a new type of young stellar object, characterized by very extended magnetic fields. 25 refs.
Semi-Supervised Range-Based Anomaly Detection for Cloud Systems

The inherent characteristics of cloud systems often lead to anomalies, which pose challenges for high availability, reliability, and high performance. Detecting anomalies in cloud key performance indicators (KPI) is a critical step towards building a secure and trustworthy system with early mitigation features. This work is motivated by (i) the efficacy of recent reconstruction-based anomaly detection (AD), (ii) the misrepresentation of the accuracy of time series anomaly detection because point-based Precision and Recall are used to evaluate the efficacy for range-based anomalies, and (iii) detects performance and security anomalies when distributions shift and overlaps. In this paper, we propose a novel semi-supervised dynamic density-based detection rule that uses the reconstruction error vectors in order to detect anomalies. We use long short-term memory networks based on encoder-decoder (LSTM-ED) architecture to reconstruct the normal KPI time series. We experiment with both testbed and a diverse set of real-world datasets. The experimental results show that the dynamic density approach exhibits better performance compared to other detection rules using both standard and range-based evaluation metrics. We also compare the performance of our approach with state-of-the-art methods, outperforms in detecting both performance and security anomalies.
Self-similar vortex clusters in the turbulent logarithmic region

The organization of vortex clusters above the buffer layer of turbulent channels is analysed using direct numerical simulations at friction Reynolds numbers up to $\hbox{\it Re}_{\tau}\,{=}\,1900$. Especial attention is paid to a family of clusters that reach from the logarithmic layer to the near-wall region below $y^+\,{=}\,20$. These tall attached clusters are markers of structures of the turbulent fluctuating velocity that are more intense than their background. Their lengths and widths are proportional to their heights $\Delta_y$ and grow self-similarly with time after originating at different wall-normal positions in the logarithmic layer. Their influence on the outer region is measured by the variation of their volume density with $\Delta_y$. That influence depends on the vortex identification threshold, and becomes independent of the Reynolds number if the threshold is low enough. The clusters are parts of larger structures of the streamwise velocity fluctuations whose average geometry is consistent with a cone tangent to the wall along the streamwise axis. They form groups of a few members within each cone, with the larger individuals in front of the smaller ones. This behaviour is explained considering that the streamwise velocity cones are ‘wakes’ left behind by the clusters, while the clusters themselves are triggered by the wakes left by yet larger clusters in front of them. The whole process repeats self-similarly in a disorganized version of the vortex-streak regeneration cycle of the buffer layer, in which the clusters and the wakes spread linearly under the effect of the background turbulence. These results characterize for the first time the structural organization of the self-similar range of the turbulent logarithmic region.
Introduction to superconductivity

IN this revised second edition we have made some further modifications to the text and added a short extra chapter dealing with 'high-temperature' superconductors. A vast amount of research has been carried out on these since their discovery in 1986 but the results, both theoretical and experimental, have often been contradictory, and seven years later there remains little understanding of their behaviour. We have therefore been very selective and have included only material which we are confident will have permanent validity. We are grateful to Dr Geoffrey Ross for comments on the draft of Chapter 14.
A fast analysis of scattering and radiation of large microstrip antenna arrays

An accurate and efficient method that combines the precorrected fast Fourier transform (FFT) method and the discrete complex image method (DCIM) is presented to characterize the scattering and radiation properties of arbitrarily shaped microstrip patch antennas. In this method, the mixed potential integral equation (MPIE) is discretized in the spatial domain by means of the discrete complex image method. The resultant system is solved iteratively using the generalized conjugate residual method (GCR) and the precorrected-FFT technique is used to speed up the matrix-vector multiplication. The precorrected-FFT eliminates the need to generate and store the usual square impedance matrix and thus leads to a significant reduction in memory requirement and computational cost. Numerical results are presented for arbitrarily shaped microstrip antenna arrays to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of this technique.
Mass Loss by Cool Carbon Stars

Extended model atmospheres, both static and expanding, are calculated for cool carbon stars. With M=1.5M/sub sun/, M/sub bol/=-6, C/H= 1.22 x 10/sup -3/, and C/O=1.76, the structure of static models is such that carbon vapor is supersaturated in the outer layers of models with photospheric temperature T/sub asterisk/ or =3) usually considered to imply rapid condensation. For this temperature range, therefore, expanding atmospheres are constructed, the basic assumptions being (1) that the outflow is stationary; (2) that sudden formation of small grains occurs when S reaches a critical value, S/subc/; and (3) that there is momentum-coupling between the grains and the gas. With these assumptions, grain formation occurs at the sonic point, and the resulting increase in the gradient of radiation pressure then drives the gas-grain mixture from the star. The mass-loss rates predicted with such models increase from approx.10/sup -6/ M/sub sun/ yr/sup -1/ at T/sub asterisk/=2500 K to approx.10/sup -1/ M/sub sun/ yr/sup -1/ at T/sub asterisk/=2000 K. However, from the flux distributions of these models, it is concluded that the redistribution of photospheric radiation by the circumstellar grains is excessive. Several possibilities for diminishing this effectmore » are discussed, the most promising being that the assumption of small grains is wrong. (AIP)« less
On the derivative of a polynomial and Chebyshev approximation

Introduction. The location of the zeros of the derivative of a polynomial has been much studied, as has the location of the zeros of the Chebys;hev polynomial. In ? 1 of the present note we set forth in a direct and elementary manner the equivalence of these two problems in a suitably specialized situation. This conclusion is mentioned (for integral 'i) with an indication of the proof by Fekete and von Neumann [4],2 and the conclusion is related to a much deeper investigation due to Fekete [3]. We obtain (? 9) some new results on zeros of approximating polynomials and (? 2, 3, 8) on the argument of the deviation. In ? 10 we consider approximation by an arbitrary linear family. Throughout the paper we study primarily approximation on a set of n points by a polynomial of degree n-2. In ? 4-7 weight functions with infinities and Chebyshev rational functions are introduced.
The Purpose of Law in the Study of Legal Philosophy

The study of legal philosophy has developed quite rapidly in this country. Because the existence of law as a controller of the state system has a strategic role in realizing prosperity, justice and welfare which should be accessible to every citizen without exception. An equally important discussion regarding the study of legal philosophy is related to the function of law itself in the life of the state, nation and state. This is due to the strategic position of law as a standard rule in the state, and it is even confirmed that in all parts of the world, there is not a single country that does not use law in carrying out its system and state administration. Thus, the study of the function of law with the analysis of legal philosophy is very much needed as a scientific effort to know the essence of the purpose of law, both its function in the state, nation and society
MAGMO: Mapping the Galactic Magnetic field through OH masers

Abstract We are undertaking a project (MAGMO) to examine large-scale magnetic fields pervading regions of high-mass star formation. The project will test if the orientations of weak large-scale magnetic fields can be maintained in the contraction (and field amplification) to the high densities encountered in high-mass star forming regions. This will be achieved through correlating targeted observations of ground-state hydroxyl (OH) maser emission towards hundreds of sites of high-mass star formation spread throughout the spiral arms of the Milky Way. Through the Zeeman splitting of the OH maser emission these observations will determine the strength and orientation of the in-situ magnetic field. The completion of the southern hemisphere Methanol Multibeam survey has provided an abundance of targets for ground-state OH maser observations, approximately 1000 sites of high-mass star formation. With this sample, much larger and more homogeneous than previously available, we will have the statistics necessary to outweigh random fluctuations and observe an underlying Galactic magnetic field if it exists. We presented details of the overall progress of the project illustrated by the results of a pilot sample of sources towards the Carina-Sagittarius spiral arm tangent, where a coherent field is implied.
Examining Case Dismissal Outcomes in Prosecutor-Led Diversion Programs

Prosecutors’ offices are a critical site for criminal legal reform and decarceration efforts. Prosecutor-led diversion programs (PLDPs) are a prosecutorial innovation that process cases away from punitive prosecution and, instead, offer various services and supports. Successfully completing a PLDP results in the dismissal of the charge, which helps participants to avoid formal entry into the criminal legal system and a range of collateral consequences. This paper reports findings from over 11,000 participants in six PLDPs in three Midwestern jurisdictions, and examines race/ethnicity and charge characteristics associated with successful program completion and case dismissal. Findings indicate that PLDPs have the capacity to provide alternative processing to a large volume of defendants with high completion rates, although the likelihood of racial/ethnic minorities to successfully complete the program is mixed. PLDPs are discussed as a promising policy and programmatic innovation that can help to move away from an era of mass incarceration.
Relationships among perception of teacher autonomy support, achievement motivations, intellectual risk-taking, and science academic performance: a serial mediation model

ABSTRACT Based on self-determination theory and achievement goal theory, this study provided a serial multiple mediation model that examined how students’ perceptions of teacher autonomy support (PTAS) relate to different achievement motivations (mastery and performance-approach goals), and further associate with students’ intellectual risk-taking (IRT) engagement and academic performance (AP). A self-report questionnaire and a standardised science academic test were completed by 520 primary school students from China. The structural equation modelling revealed that the positive association between PTAS and students’ AP was serially mediated by achievement motivations and then intellectual risk-taking engagement. Though the unexpected negative direct effects of PTAS on AP suggested the need to optimise autonomous instructional practices, the positive indirect and total effects highlighted the contributions of PTAS to students’ achievement motivation and IRT engagement. The findings instantiated how autonomy support may promote students’ achievement motivations and further influence their learning engagement and academic performance in science. This study would be valuable for educational researchers and practicing teachers as it extends our understanding of what factors are influential in promoting students’ learning outcomes and how they correlate in science learning processes.