Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Viral RNA Load Status and Antibody Distribution Among Patients and Asymptomatic Carriers in Central China

This study aimed to monitor severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral loads and specific serum-antibodies (immunoglobulin [Ig] G and M) among confirmed patients and asymptomatic carriers from returning healthy travelers. The throat swabs, sputum, and stool samples from 57 hospitalized coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients and 8 asymptomatic carriers, among 170 returning healthy travelers were tested using reverse-transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction. SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG antibodies were detected via serum chemiluminescence assay. Sequential results showed higher viral RNA loads in the throat, sputum, and stool samples at 3–12 and 6–21 days after symptom onset among severely ill COVID-19 patients. Shorter viral habitation time (1–8 days) was observed in the oropharyngeal site and intestinal tract of asymptomatic carriers. The IgG and IgM response rates were 19/37 (51.4%) and 23/37 (62.6%) among the 29 confirmed patients and 8 asymptomatic carriers, respectively, within 66 days from symptom or detection onset. The median duration between symptom onset and positive IgG and IgM results was 30 (n=23; interquartile range [IQR]=20–66) and 23 (n=19; IQR=12–28) days, respectively. Of 170 returning healthy-travelers to China, 4.7% were asymptomatic carriers (8/170) within 2 weeks, and the IgG and IgM positivity rate was 12.8% (12/94). IgM/IgG-positivity confirmed 3 suspected SARS-CoV-2 cases, despite negative results for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Compared with other respiratory viral infectious diseases, COVID-19 has fewer asymptomatic carriers, lower antibody response rates, and a longer antibody production duration in recovered patients and the contacted healthy population. This is an indication of the complexity of COVID-19 transmission.
Adjustment to a “New Normal:” Coping Flexibility and Mental Health Issues During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented health crisis in terms of the scope of its impact on well-being. The sudden need to navigate this “new normal” has compromised the mental health of many people. Coping flexibility, defined as the astute deployment of coping strategies to meet specific situational demands, is proposed as an adaptive quality during this period of upheaval. The present study investigated the associations between coping flexibility and two common mental health problems: COVID-19 anxiety and depression. The respondents were 481 Hong Kong adults (41% men; mean age = 45.09) who took part in a population-based telephone survey conducted from April to May 2020. Self-report data were assessed with the Coping Flexibility Interview Schedule, COVID-19-Related Perception and Anxiety Scale, and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Slightly more than half (52%) of the sample met the criteria for probable depression. Four types of COVID-19 anxiety were identified: anxiety over personal health, others' reactions, societal health, and economic problems. The results consistently revealed coping flexibility to be inversely associated with depression and all four types of COVID-19 anxiety. More importantly, there was a significant interaction between perceived likelihood of COVID-19 infection and coping flexibility on COVID-19 anxiety over personal health. These findings shed light on the beneficial role of coping flexibility in adjusting to the “new normal” amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
Vascular Inflammation as a Therapeutic Target in COVID-19 “Long Haulers”: HIITing the Spot?

Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Newport, United Kingdom
Oral Pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum Coaggregates With Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Modulate the Inflammatory Cytotoxicity of Pulmonary Epithelial Cells

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of mortality worldwide, and inflammatory damage induced by bacterial infections is an important contributor to the etiology of COPD. Fusobacterium nucleatum, a recognized periodontal pathogen, is considered as a biomarker of lung function deterioration of COPD patients coinfected with Pseudomonas aerugionsa, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. This study established single- and dual-species infection models, bacterial simultaneous and sequential infection models, and found that F. nucleatum could coaggregate with P. aeruginosa to synergistically invade into pulmonary epithelial cells and transiently resist P. aeruginosa-induced cytotoxic damage to amplify IL-6 and TNF-α associated inflammation in pulmonary epithelial cells simultaneously infected with P. aeruginosa and F. nucleatum. Furthermore, F. nucleatum pretreatment or subsequential infection could maintain or even aggravate P. aeruginosa-induced inflammatory cytotoxicity of pulmonary epithelial cells. These results indicate that oral pathogen F. nucleatum coaggregates with P. aeruginosa to facilitate bacterial invasion and modulates the inflammatory cytotoxicity of pulmonary epithelial cells, which may contribute to lung function deterioration of COPD patients accompanied with P. aeruginosa and F. nucleatum coinfection.
Biogeography and Independent Diversification in the Protist Symbiont Community of Heterotermes tenuis

The eukaryotic microbiome of “lower” termites is highly stable and host-specific. This is due to the mutually obligate nature of the symbiosis and the direct inheritance of protists by proctodeal trophallaxis. However, vertical transmission is occasionally imperfect, resulting in daughter colonies that lack one or more of the expected protist species. This phenomenon could conceivably lead to regional differences in protist community composition within a host species. Here, we have characterized the protist symbiont community of Heterotermes tenuis (Hagen) (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) from samples spanning South and Central America. Using light microscopy, single cell isolation, and amplicon sequencing, we report eight species-level protist phylotypes belonging to four genera in the phylum Parabasalia. The diversity and distribution of each phylotype’s 18S rRNA amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) mostly did not correlate with geographical or host genetic distances according to Mantel tests, consistent with the lack of correlation we observed between host genetic and geographical distances. However, the ASV distances of Holomastigotoides Ht3 were significantly correlated with geography while those of Holomastigotoides Ht1 were significantly correlated with host phylogeny. These results suggest mechanisms by which termite-associated protist species may diversify independently of each other and of their hosts, shedding light on the coevolutionary dynamics of this important symbiosis.
Squamosamide Derivative FLZ Diminishes Aberrant Mitochondrial Fission by Inhibiting Dynamin-Related Protein 1

Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mitochondrial morphology is dynamic and precisely regulated by mitochondrial fission and fusion machinery. Aberrant mitochondrial fragmentation, which can result in cell death, is controlled by the mitochondrial fission protein, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). Our previous results demonstrated that FLZ could correct mitochondrial dysfunction, but the effect of FLZ on mitochondrial dynamics remain uncharacterized. In this study, we investigated the effect of FLZ and the role of Drp1 on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)–induced mitochondrial fission in neurons. We observed that FLZ blocked Drp1, inhibited Drp1 enzyme activity, and reduced excessive mitochondrial fission in cultured neurons. Furthermore, by inhibiting mitochondrial fission and ROS production, FLZ improved mitochondrial integrity and membrane potential, resulting in neuroprotection. FLZ curtailed the reduction of synaptic branches of primary cultured dopaminergic neurons caused by MPP+ exposure, reduced abnormal fission, restored normal mitochondrial distribution in neurons, and exhibited protective effects on dopaminergic neurons. The in vitro research results were validated using an MPTP-induced PD mouse model. The in vivo results revealed that FLZ significantly reduced the mitochondrial translocation of Drp1 in the midbrain of PD mice, which, in turn, reduced the mitochondrial fragmentation in mouse substantia nigra neurons. FLZ also protected dopaminergic neurons in PD mice and increased the dopamine content in the striatum, which improved the motor coordination ability of the mice. These findings elucidate this newly discovered mechanism through which FLZ produces neuroprotection in PD.
Alleviation of Submergence Stress in Rice Seedlings by Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria With ACC Deaminase Activity

Submergence stress slows seed germination, imposes fatalities, and delays seedling establishment in rice. Seeds of submergence susceptible rice variety IR 42 were inoculated with four 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) utilizing isolates viz., Bacillus sp. (AR-ACC1), Microbacterium sp. (AR-ACC2), Methylophaga sp. (AR-ACC3), and Paenibacillus sp. (ANR-ACC3) and subjected to submergence stress under controlled conditions for 7 days. Seeds treated with Microbacterium sp. AR-ACC2, Paenibacillus sp. ANR-ACC3, and Methylophaga sp. AR-ACC3 significantly enhanced the germination percentage (GP), seedling vigor index (SVI), and other growth parameters like root and shoot length and total chlorophyll contents, when compared with nonbacterized seeds submerged similarly. However, the values were statistically at par when control seeds were treated with l-α-(2-aminoethoxyvinyl) glycine hydrochloride (AVG), a known inhibitor of ethylene production. Results suggest that stress ethylene production was significantly reduced by around 85% in seedlings treated with Microbacterium sp. AR-ACC2 as compared with untreated control seeds under submergence. Paenibacillus sp. ANR-ACC3 and Methylophaga sp. AR-ACC3 were the next effective strains. Ethylene synthesis in seedlings was statistically at par with seeds treated with AVG suggesting ACC deaminase can effectively reduce ethylene levels in plants subjected to submergence. Bacillus sp. (AR-ACC1) was neither able to significantly promote seedling growth parameters nor inhibit ethylene production as compared with control seeds. Results suggest that flooded soil planted to rice harbor microorganisms with plant growth-promoting properties that can be used effectively to alleviate submergence stresses in susceptible rice varieties under field conditions.
Affective Behavior in Parent Couples Undergoing Couple Therapy: Contrasting Case Studies

Being in a romantic relationship is characterized by a high degree of intimacy and affective involvement. Affective behavior indicates the emotional content in couple interactions and therefore promotes an understanding of the evolution of romantic relationships. When couples are also parents, their affective behavior reflects their romantic and coparental bonds. In this paper, we present an observation of parent couples’ affective behavior during a coparenting conflict discussion task to document whether and how much it improved during couple therapy. Two contrasting cases of affective behavior change are included. Observational coding of affective behavior within pre- and post-intervention coparenting conflict discussion tasks was carried out to compute means and CIs for each partner in both cases. In addition, the partners’ coparental and romantic satisfaction were evaluated through validated self-report questionnaires in pre- and post-intervention assessments; this helped document whether the partners’ coparental and romantic satisfaction were dissimilar between the two cases. Finally, a clinical analysis of both cases was realized with the contribution of the therapists to investigate possible differences within therapy sessions. Statistical analyses revealed negative means of affective behavior for couple A in the pre-intervention assessment and positive means in the post-intervention assessment. Partners from couple B had negative means of affective behavior in the pre- and post-intervention assessments. Results concerning coparental and romantic satisfaction differed: Couple A’s coparental satisfaction slightly increased and the romantic satisfaction somewhat decreased, whereas couple B’s coparental satisfaction remained stable and the romantic satisfaction slightly increased between the pre- and post-intervention assessments. The clinical analysis revealed that the interactional quality of couple A slightly improved within therapy sessions and that both partners succeeded in working together as coparents, notwithstanding their romantic distress. Couple B conveyed coparental distress and exhibited poor interactional quality throughout therapy sessions (e.g., repeated criticism and contempt). This study contributes to enriching the more traditional empirical research methods in the field of couple psychotherapy, as it takes into account microlevel affective changes within parent couples’ interactions in addition to self-reported data. Furthermore, the analysis of therapy sessions supports the importance of working with affective behavior in couple therapy.
Serum Creatinine and Serum Cystatin C are Both Relevant Renal Markers to Estimate Vancomycin Clearance in Critically Ill Neonates

Purpose: Serum creatinine (SCr) is used as a marker of kidney function to guide dosing of renally eliminated drugs. Serum Cystatin C (S-CysC) has been suggested as a more reliable kidney marker than SCr in adults and children. Purpose of this study was to investigate S-CysC as alternative renal marker to SCr for estimating vancomycin clearance in neonates undergoing intensive care. Methods: Vancomycin pharmacokinetics (PK), SCr and S-CysC data were collected in patients undergoing vancomycin treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit of Robert Debré Hospital - Paris. A population PK analysis was performed utilizing routine therapeutic drug monitoring samples. S-CysC and SCr were compared as covariates on vancomycin clearance using stepwise covariate modeling (forward inclusion [p < 0.05] and backward elimination [p < 0.01]). Model performance was evaluated by graphical and statistical criteria. Results: A total of 108 vancomycin concentrations from 66 patients (postmenstrual age [PMA] of 26–46 weeks) were modeled with an allometric one-compartment model. The median (range) values for SCr and S-CysC were 41 (12–153) µmol/l and 1.43 (0.95–2.83) mg/l, respectively. Following stepwise covariate model building, SCr was retained as single marker of kidney function (after accounting for weight and PMA) in the final model. Compared to the final model based on SCr, the alternative model based on S-CysC showed very similar performance (e.g. BIC of 578.3 vs. 576.4) but included one additional covariate: impact of mechanical ventilation on vancomycin clearance, in addition to the effects of size and maturation. Conclusion: ill neonates. However, if using S-CysC for this purpose mechanical ventilation needs to be taken into account.
Schistosoma mansoni Infection Is Impacted by Malnutrition

Schistosomiasis remains one of the most important neglected tropical diseases in the world. It mainly affects developing countries, where it often coexists with malnutrition. Despite this, few studies have investigated the relationship between schistosomiasis and malnutrition. Herein, we evaluate the impact of malnutrition on experimental S. mansoni infection. Mice were divided into 5 groups: Control (Ctrl) diet (14% protein and 10% lipids), low-protein 3% (LP 3%), low-protein 8% (LP 8%), low-fat 2.5% (LF 2.5%), and low-fat 5% (LF 5%). Mice were fed with their respective diets and were infected when a difference of approximately 20% in the body weight between mice from any experimental group and mice from the control group was achieved. Nutritional, parasitological, and immunological parameters were assessed either just before infection and/or approximately 50 days later before mice were perfused. Our results showed that the 3% low-protein diet was the only one capable of establishing malnutrition in mice. Mice fed with this diet showed: (i) significant reduction in body weight and serum albumin levels before infection, (ii) decreased levels of all biochemical parameters evaluated before perfusion, (iii) decreased numbers of schistosome eggs trapped in intestines and impaired parasite fecundity, (iv) a delay in the granuloma development with a smaller granuloma area, and (v) reduced levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ in the liver. Our findings demonstrate that low protein supply leads to malnutrition in mice and impacts the cytokine milieu in the liver and granuloma formation. Additionally, the establishment of our murine malnutrition model will enable future studies aiming to better understand the complex relationships between nutrition, immune responses, and infection outcome.
Path Analysis for the Behavior of Traditional Olive Oil Consumer in Canakkale

This study has utilized two sets of 15 olive oil samples that were tasted by the same 50 regular olive oil consumers in Canakkale to examine both consumer preference and consumer buying intention via applying path analysis. Data evaluation through the path analysis has proved that the causal relation between the L value and consumer preference was significant (p = 0.001). Acidity had some negative effects; but was not statistically significant for the consumer preference. Similarly, in this study consumer buying intention was indicated to be affected mostly by the perceived flavor of oil samples (p = 0.022). What is more, constructed models in this path helped to explain consumer preference and buying intention by 97.1% and 88.8%, respectively. The combined effect of acidity and the L value on consumer preference, and the combined effect of appearance and flavor on buying intention were highest among the other pairs. In general, the consumers were found very conscious about their choices, and would prefer and buy more limpid, less acid and more flavorful olive oils.
Serum Vitamin D Level and the Risk of Urinary Tract Infection in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between serum vitamin D concentration and the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. Human studies reported the serum vitamin D level in children with UTI and healthy controls were collected from PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane databases. The strictly standardized mean difference (SSMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to evaluate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and risk of UTI. The results of analysis showed that serum vitamin D levels in children with UTI were significantly lower than healthy control children (SSMD: 0.891, 95% CI: 0.707–1.075, p < 0.000; SSMD: 0.797, 95% CI: 0.500–1.094, p < 0.000, respectively). It can be concluded that there is a significant negative relationship between serum vitamin D level and risk of UTI in children.
Defect detection of printed circuit board based on lightweight deep convolution network

: With the rapid development of the electronic industry, the defect detection of printed circuit board (PCB) components is becoming more and more important. The types of PCB components are diverse and accompanied by complex character information, which is difficult to identify. The traditional detection method is inefficient, and it is unable to effectively perform the diversified category detection of PCB components and character recognition in complex scenes. The deep convolutional neural network has obvious advantages in object detection and character recognition, which can be used to implement a PCB component defect detection system. In this study, the authors have established a lightweight PCB type detection model called LD-PCB, which can perform real-time detection while improving detection accuracy. In addition, in the character detection of PCB, they have established a fast and robust character recognition model, called CR-PCB. This model can effectively improve the accuracy of irregular character recognition. Finally, they established and published a dataset of PCB components, and combined with LD-PCB and CR-PCB to realise the PCB defect detection system. This system can realise the functions of defect detection, wrong insertion, missing insertion, and character recognition in industrial PCB production. The results show that the method proposed in this study can effectively detect defects on PCB components.
Research on adaptive local feature enhancement in convolutional neural networks

: Local feature extraction is one of the key characteristics of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). This study proposes an adaptive local feature enhancement (ALFE) model with a low-frequency general appearance-enhancement operator and a high-frequency local detail enhancement operator to improve local features of CNNs. Through supervised training, the model could adaptively adjust enhancement parameters and achieve a global-local enhancement of training images and CNNs. The performance of ALFE was first preliminarily evaluated with a self-built CNN on CIFAR-10 data set in different conditions of image augmentation and feature pooling. CNNs with ALFE could increase the top-1 accuracy compared against CNNs in the same conditions, and nearly reach the same level of performance for different pooling approaches. With only two extra adjustable parameters, this model could effectively avoid overfitting, without affecting the convergence speed of CNN. In addition, the extra burden of network complexity could be neglected. Further, experiments of three existing popular CNNs (AlexNet, VGGNet and ResNet) with ALFE were carried out on dogs versus cats, Tiny ImageNet, and SVHN data sets, respectively. The results show that ALFE is feasible for the existing popular CNN models, improving their top-1 accuracies without changing their convergence speeds.
Li∕Polymer Electrolyte∕Water Stable Lithium-Conducting Glass Ceramics Composite for Lithium–Air Secondary Batteries with an Aqueous Electrolyte

A water-stable Li metal anode with water-stable lithium-conducting glass ceramics, Li 1+x+y Ti 2-x Al x Si y P 3-y O 12 (LTAP), and a lithium-conducting polymer electrolyte, PEO 18 Li(CF 4 SO 2 ) 2 N (PEO 18 LiTFSI), was proposed as the lithium anode for lithium-air batteries with an aqueous solution at the air electrode. LTAP was unstable when in direct contact with Li metal, and the cell resistance of Li/LTAP/Li rapidly increased as a function of the contact time. The Li/PEO 18 LiTFSI/LTAP/PEO 18 LiTFSI/Li symmetrical cell showed no change in the total resistance (around 800 Ω cm 2 at 60°C) over a period of 1 month. The PEO 18 LiTFSI membrane served as a protective interlayer to suppress the reaction between the water-stable glass ceramics LTAP and Li metal effectively. The Li/PEO 18 LiTFSI/LTAP/aqueous LiCl/Pt air cell showed a stable open-circuit voltage of 3.70 V at 60°C for 2 months. The open-circuit voltage was comparable with that calculated from the cell reaction of 2Li + 1/2O 2 + H 2 O = 2LiOH. The cell exhibited a favorable discharge and charge performance at 0.25 mA cm -2 and 60°C.