Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrated Salts Precipitation and Nano-Filtration as Pretreatment of Multistage Flash Desalination System

In this paper, the effect of salts precipitators (SP) and nano-filtration (NF) on the scale deposits of multistage flash (MSF) is studied using the Skillman index for estimating the likelihood of calcium sulfate scaling. The analysis was carried out to study the sulfate scale potential for seawater with 0 to 100% pretreated make-up in an MSF reference plant. The results showed that the scale potential increases with increasing temperature and decreases with increasing the percentage of either SP or NF-treated feed. For seawater with no feed pretreatment, the scale can start depositing at 115°C. However, the maximum top brine temperature (TBT), at which sulfate scale begins to precipitate, is shifted to higher temperatures with increased pretreated portion. For 100% SP-treated feed, TBT reached 170°C. The temperature is shifted to 120, 135, and 145°C when the NF-treated portion increases to 10, 25, and 50%, respectively. For 100% NF feed pretreatment, TBT can reach as high as 175°C.
Infliximab (IFX)-Biosimilar Induced Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI): A Case Report

Infliximab (IFX) is a chimeric human-murine monoclonal antibody that prevents tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) activation by binding to both soluble and transmembrane forms of TNF-α. Antagonists of TNF (anti-TNF agents) can cause drug-induced liver injury (DILI). We present a non-anti-TNF naïve patient suffering from severe Crohn’s disease who developed DILI with a hepatocellular pattern, without jaundice, after two infusions of an IFX biosimilar.
A Decentralized Fault-Tolerant Control for DC Microgrids Against Disturbances and Actuator Faults

Distributed cooperative control methods are widely applied for DC microgrid (MG) due to their high accuracy, flexibility, and scalability, but their reliance on mutual communication makes them highly vulnerable to malicious network attacks and disturbances. To completely avoid the impact of cyber-attacks and to deal with the disturbances and actuator faults, this paper has proposed a decentralized fault-tolerant control (FTC) by using input-output feedback linearization and sliding mode control (SMC). Through the input-output feedback linearization, the original system model can be transformed into an equivalent linear system, and then the stability and robustness of the derived linear system can be ensured by using the conditioned super-twisting algorithm (STA), which is an improved robust SMC utilizing the anti-windup conditioning technique. Unlike the distributed cooperative methods, this approach has formed a local solution without the transmission of distributed signals through the communication network among distributed generation (DG) units. Besides, both bus voltage regulation and current sharing can be realized with the tolerance of disturbances and actuator faults. Rigorous proofs based on Lyapunov techniques have been given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, the superiority of the proposed method is validated through the simulation in MATLAB/Simulink and experimental results of hardware-in-the-loop (HIL).
Maternal characteristics in obstetric emergency cases at RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

The causes of maternal death in West Sumatra Province in 2020 are bleeding at 2.1%, hypertension in pregnancy at 1.5%, infection at 0.9%, metabolic disorders at 0.6% and other causes at 3.5%. Cases of maternal death can be caused by obstetric emergencies. This study aims to describe the characteristics of mothers in obstetric emergencies at comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC) RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. This study is a descriptive study with a population of obstetric emergency cases at EmONC. hospital. Dr. M. Djamil Padang period May-June 2022. The sample is 108 respondents. The results of this study showed that from 108 respondents there were 23.1% of respondents with a diagnosis of severe preeclampsia, 79.6% of respondents aged 20-35 years, 84.3% of respondents with parity ≤ 2, the last education of respondents was senior high school 43.5%, 26.9% of respondents did not work, 81.5% of respondents did not have a history of non-communicable diseases, and 73.1% of respondents had a sufficient number of antenatal care (ANC) visits. Most patients with obstetric emergency cases at EmONC RSUP Dr. Mdjamil Padang with a diagnosis of severe preeclampsia, age 20-35 years, and the number of ANC visits is sufficient.
Dynamical Shake-up of Planetary Systems. I. Embryo Trapping and Induced Collisions by the Sweeping Secular Resonance and Embryo-Disk Tidal Interaction

We analyze the orbital evolution of terrestrial planetary embryos after oligarchic growth, including the effect of the sweeping Jupiter secular resonance combined with tidal drag during the depletion of the protoplanetary gas disk. Previous studies show that the orbits of isolated embryos become unstable through long-term gravitational interaction. However, the planetary systems formed as a result of giant impacts are generally very eccentric, unlike our solar system. Although mechanisms that damp the eccentricity have been proposed, such mechanisms not only damp the eccentricity of embryos strongly but also prevent their orbital crossing and planetary growth. This dilemma can be solved if the protoplanetary collisions occur in an environment where the damping is still working. We consider the stage of gas depletion after the formation of a Jupiter-like planet in the disk. The gas depletion changes the gravitational potential and causes the sweeping of a secular resonance. We find that the secular resonance passes through the terrestrial region from outside to inside, that the resonance excites the eccentricities of isolated embryos, and that it leads to orbit crossing. Because the remnant disk is still present in this stage, the gas drag due to tidal interaction is still effective. The tidal drag effectively damps the eccentricities of the fully grown embryos. This process allows the system to form circular orbits analogous to our solar system. We also find that the tidal drag induces the decay of the semimajor axes of the embryos. As a result of balance between damping and excitation of eccentricity, the embryos migrate along with the secular resonance. This "secular resonance trapping" can lead to rapid collisions and mergers among the embryos as they migrate from the outer to the inner region, concurrent with the disk depletion. Since the induced migration is strongest near the Jovian orbit, the final terrestrial planets tend to be concentrated in a relatively small region (<2 AU). We suggest that this mechanism may be the origin of the severe present-day mass depletion of the asteroid belt.
Towards Unified All-Neural Beamforming for Time and Frequency Domain Speech Separation

Recently, frequency domain all-neural beamforming methods have achieved remarkable progress for multichannel speech separation. In parallel, the integration of time domain network structure and beamforming also gains significant attention. This study proposes a novel all-neural beamforming method in time domain and makes an attempt to unify the all-neural beamforming pipelines for time domain and frequency domain multichannel speech separation. The proposed model consists of two modules: separation and beamforming. Both modules perform temporal-spectral-spatial modeling and are trained from end-to-end using a joint loss function. The novelty of this study lies in two folds. Firstly, a time domain directional feature conditioned on the direction of the target speaker is proposed, which can be jointly optimized within the time domain architecture to enhance target signal estimation. Secondly, an all-neural beamforming network in time domain is designed to refine the pre-separated results. This module features with parametric time-variant beamforming coefficient estimation, without explicitly following the derivation of optimal filters that may lead to an upper bound. The proposed method is evaluated on simulated reverberant overlapped speech data derived from the AISHELL-1 corpus. Experimental results demonstrate significant performance improvements over frequency domain state-of-the-arts, ideal magnitude masks and existing time domain neural beamforming methods.
Dynamic beam steering at submm- and mm-wave frequencies using an optically controlled lens antenna

We present details of our work which has been focused on improving the efficiency and scan rate of the photo-injected Fresnel zone plate antenna (piFZPA) technique which utilizes commercially available visible display technologies. This approach presents a viable low-cost solution for non-mechanical beam steering, suitable for many applications at (sub) mm-wave frequencies that require rapid beam steering capabilities in order to meet their technological goals, such as imaging, surveillance, and remote sensing. This method has the advantage of being comparatively low-cost, is based on a simple and flexible architecture, enabling rapid and precise arbitrary beam forming, and which is scalable to higher frame-rates and higher submm-wave frequencies. We discuss the various optimization stages of a range of piFZPA designs that implement fast visible projection displays, enabling up to 30,000 beams per second. We also outline the suitability of this technology across mm-wave and submm-wave frequencies as a low-cost and simple solution for dynamic optoelectronic beam steering.
Laplace Error Penalty‐based Variable Selection in High Dimension

We propose the Laplace Error Penalty (LEP) function for variable selection in high‐dimensional regression. Unlike penalty functions using piecewise splines construction, the LEP is constructed as an exponential function with two tuning parameters and is infinitely differentiable everywhere except at the origin. With this construction, the LEP‐based procedure acquires extra flexibility in variable selection, admits a unified derivative formula in optimization and is able to approximate the L0 penalty as close as possible. We show that the LEP procedure can identify relevant predictors in exponentially high‐dimensional regression with normal errors. We also establish the oracle property for the LEP estimator. Although not being convex, the LEP yields a convex penalized least squares function under mild conditions if p is no greater than n. A coordinate descent majorization‐minimization algorithm is introduced to implement the LEP procedure. In simulations and a real data analysis, the LEP methodology performs favorably among competitive procedures.
Childhood Obesity and Incorrect Body Posture: Impact on Physical Activity and the Therapeutic Role of Exercise

Obesity is associated with various dysfunctions of the organism, including musculoskeletal problems. In this narrative review, we aim to consider postural problems in children and adolescents with obesity, focusing on the relationship with its negative impact on physical activity, and to discuss the role of exercise as a therapeutic approach. The body reacts to excess weight by changing its normal balance, and the somatosensory system of children with obesity is forced to make major adjustments to compensate for postural problems. These adaptations become more difficult and tiring if activities that require continuous postural changes and multi-tasking are engaged in. Children with obesity have less body control and functional ability due to the excess fat mass, which reduces their ability to perform motor skills and take part in physical activity. Appropriate early interventions for the management of musculoskeletal problems are needed to ensure healthy growth and to prevent comorbidities in childhood and adulthood. Prevention programs must be based not only on the reduction of body weight but also on the definition of correct postural habits from an early age. It is equally important to provide correct information on the types and doses of physical activity that can help prevent these problems.
Short-Term Efficacy of Capacitive-Resistive Electrical Transfer Therapy in Short-Haired Sled Dogs in Middle-Distance Competition

Simple Summary The current greater specialization in canine sports medicine enables a more in-depth exploration of the effects of participation in any sporting activity. One such area of interest is lumbar discomfort, which, as with humans, is not uncommon in dogs participating in running sports. In this study, the main objective was to compare two therapies for thoracolumbar back pain: massage and capacitive-resistive electrical transfer (CRet) in dogs competing in a middle-distance sled dog race (LekkarodTM-2021). The dogs participating in this clinical study were short-haired sled dogs known for their high performance in this canine sport. A total of 40 dogs were treated (20 with massage and 20 with CRet), and a reduction in discomfort was observed with both techniques. However, the improvement was much more evident with the use of CRet, suggesting that its use may be beneficial in reducing muscular pain in sled dogs. Abstract Achieving the successful recovery of sled dogs is one of the key tasks for veterinary teams involved in clinical care for middle-distance sled dog competitions. This study compares the efficacy of capacitive-resistive electrical transfer (CRet) with that of massage in the treatment of lower back pain in 40 short-haired sled dogs during a medium-distance snow sled race (LekkarodTM-2021). The dogs were divided into two groups: a CRet group (20 dogs) and a massage group (20 dogs). All subjects received a single 18 min treatment session and were evaluated one hour after the end of the treatment. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed in which pre- and post-treatment pain measures were evaluated in relation to age and type of treatment. Older dogs were found to have higher significant pain scores before starting treatment. Both treatments reduce pain short-term in all cases. However, post-treatment pain values were significantly lower in dogs treated with CRet when compared to dogs treated with massage. The results show that capacitive-resistive electrical transfer has better short-term results and is beneficial in both younger and older dogs, making this technique attractive to veterinary teams working in canine sporting competitions.
A Decade of CRISPR-Cas Gnome Editing in C. elegans

CRISPR-Cas allows us to introduce desired genome editing, including mutations, epitopes, and deletions, with unprecedented efficiency. The development of CRISPR-Cas has progressed to such an extent that it is now applicable in various fields, with the help of model organisms. C. elegans is one of the pioneering animals in which numerous CRISPR-Cas strategies have been rapidly established over the past decade. Ironically, the emergence of numerous methods makes the choice of the correct method difficult. Choosing an appropriate selection or screening approach is the first step in planning a genome modification. This report summarizes the key features and applications of CRISPR-Cas methods using C. elegans, illustrating key strategies. Our overview of significant advances in CRISPR-Cas will help readers understand the current advances in genome editing and navigate various methods of CRISPR-Cas genome editing.
Critical Problems in Physics: Proceedings of a Conference Celebrating the 250th Anniversary of Princeton University

Princeton University celebrates its anniversary every 50 years. For the bicentenary in 1946, an international crowd of famous international physicists assembled to view the future of their field, especially nuclear physics and its applications. More recently, in 1996, reports on critical problems of physics were given essentially by more local celebrities. Of the 14 talks, five were devoted to particle and accelerator physics, three to gravitational physics and cosmology, and three to non-equilibrium science including neurobiology. On the whole, the speakers addressed the left-overs from the past of physics (for example, R V Ramakrishnan on high-temperature superconductors and F Wilczek on the Standard Model of particle physics and a little beyond) rather than the fundamental properties of the universe, but whether Higgs particles and gravitino-hadron scattering will dominate the discussions 50 years ahead (S Treiman) may well be doubted. Perhaps we shall expect then, however, decisive progress in non-equilibrium questions which are not confined to the inorganic world (J S Langer, J J Hopfield, H L Swinney). Cosmological questions - at present, say, flatness of the universe or dark matter (P J Steinhardt) - have interested mankind at least since the times of the ancient Greeks and will probably remain challenging, when people have given up waiting for the over-next particle accelerator (advocated by R B Palmer and J C Gallardo) that cannot be financed even by combining the efforts of all nations of the world. Also superstrings (in spite of E Witten's optimism) can lose interest among scientists when no verifiable consequences are to be expected within centuries. What are now the critical problems in physics, especially those which can be answered within the next 50 or 100 years? Looking back to 1896, none of the celebrities of that time predicted the overwhelming progress in the understanding of so many physical problems achieved by relativity and quantum theory in the following decades, despited the fact that the exciting and crucial discoveries of x-rays and radioactivity were already at hand and eagerly discussed then. We should just hope that, for our future also, Nature has kept more suprises for us than anticipated in these 15 lectures, though we must admit that they are presented and discussed at a high level by real experts (including also T Damour, B J Hillman, D H Perkins, and A Tollestrup) in their fields.
Optical Emission Spectroscopy of Arc Flame Plasma for Generation of Carbon Nanotubes

Spatial distributions of plasma temperature and densities of carbon species in DC arc discharge for generating carbon nanotubes have been investigated by measuring the spatial distributions of optical emission spectra as a function of pressure, current density for arc discharge, and cooling rate of the cathode. It is found that the nanotube yield is high when the temperature at the axial center of the cathode is higher than 6000 K so that the dominant species is in the arc flame carbon monomer. The potential drop at the cathode sheath, calculated from the model proposed by Rethfeld et al. [J. Phys. D 29 (1996) 121], is high for the high nanotube yield in comparison to that under the low yield conditions.
Lichen Biomonitoring of Airborne Microplastics in Milan (N Italy)

Simple Summary The atmospheric deposition of microplastics (MPs) is a growing concern for human health. In this research, we studied the deposition of airborne MPs in urban areas of Milan and a remote area in North Italy using lichen transplants. The results demonstrate that lichens are suitable biomonitors for studying airborne MPs. The findings of airborne MPs, even in remote areas, indicate the inevitable exposure of humans and, therefore, potential health risks. Abstract This study investigated the deposition of airborne microplastics (MPs) in the urban area of Milan across 12 sites and at a background control site (northern Italy) using 3-month transplants of the fruticose lichen species Evernia prunastri (exposed in triplicate). The primary objective was to evaluate the use of lichen transplants for the assessment of MP deposition; as such, the study sites spanned a gradient in vehicular traffic and population density across four concentric land-use zones (i.e., urban parks, centre, semi-periphery, and periphery). A total of 149 MP particles were detected in the exposed lichen samples; 94.6% were classified as fibres and 5.4% as fragments. The control site and urban parks experienced a similar number of MPs per gram of dry lichen (20–26 MP/g), while a higher number of MPs were detected in central and peripheral areas (44–56 MP/g), with a clear increasing gradient from the city centre towards the periphery. We estimated the MP deposition in Milan to be in the range of 43–119 MPs m2/d, indicating that people living in Milan are exposed to airborne MPs, with potential health effects. This study suggests that lichens are suitable biomonitors of airborne MPs under a relatively short exposure of three months in urban environments.
Reduced Risk Information Seeking Model (RISK): A Meta-Analysis

This meta-analysis synthesizes research findings from 50 studies to assess the explanatory power of the reduced risk information seeking model (RISK). The results show that informational subjective norms have the largest effect size, followed by sufficiency threshold and current knowledge. This finding suggests that risk information seeking behavior is largely determined by social motivations. In addition, the relationships between current knowledge and seeking, as well as between sufficiency threshold and seeking, are stronger when a risk is viewed as personally relevant. Moreover, the relationship between current knowledge and seeking is stronger in studies where participants report higher risk perception.
Chemical Erosion Behaviour of Doped Graphites under Hydrogen Impact: A Comparison of Ion Beam Experiments and Planar Inductively Coupled RF Plasmas

Carbide-doped and pure graphites were eroded by energy- and mass-separated hydrogen ion beams and by hydrogen containing planar inductively coupled RF plasmas. The erosion yield for 30 eV D impact on doped graphites and its fluence dependence are in the same order of magnitude for both exposure types. The D flux from the plasma onto the specimens (~3.1 × 1021 m-2 s-1) contains energetic D ions and thermal D (650 K) in the ratio 1 to 5. The contribution of the thermal D to the erosion yield reaches at most the same magnitude as the erosion yield by ions only (30 eV). This contribution depends on the structure of the graphite. In the case of pure graphites the observed erosion yield is independent of the fluence for both types of exposure, although a rough surface morphology is created. For doped graphites reductions of the erosion yield with fluence by a factor of about 10 are observed, while the surfaces get rough and strongly enriched with dopants.
Global research profile on monkeypox-related literature (1962–2022): A bibliometric analysis

The recent monkeypox or mpox outbreak has been a global concern. The present study evaluated the global research outputs, research trends, and topics of published research on monkeypox using a bibliometric approach. The Scopus database was searched for terms associated with "monkeypox" or "monkey pox" up until 19 November 2022. Maps and bibliometric indicators of the retrieved documents were shown and analyzed. A total of 1,422 documents were obtained from Scopus. Other than monkeypox, the most commonly used terms included epidemic, disease outbreaks, smallpox vaccine, and orthopoxvirus. In total, 90.3% of the documents were published between 2002 and 2022. The United States, the United Kingdom, and India were the top three countries in terms of productivity. Most of the institutions were from the United States. The International Journal of Surgery, the Journal of Medical Virology, and the Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease are some of the top journals currently publishing research on monkeypox. Tecovirimat, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), homosexuality, and pandemic are emerging topics related to monkeypox.