Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flashcard As A Learning Media For Early Childhood

Educational technology that is part of education with all aspects of human learning problem solving through complicated and interrelated processes also participate in efforts to increase the quality of education through ways and methods tailored to the needs, growth and development of learners. Early childhood education is an effort to optimize the growth of children through learning that is more focused on children through play activities so that in these activities children acquire skills that enable children to actively and creatively interact and explore the environment. Games are an important thing for childhood learning. Because child development is increased through play activities, then as an educator must also be able to find the right setrategy and media to use. One of them is like a picture card learning media or flashcard that in the teaching is done by playing. Flashcard is a picture card that contains words. Application of learning media by playing flashcard, besides to recognize numbers faster, children can also recognize letters, words, colors and familiar objects around. Thus, the learning with flashcard media has a positive impact on the development and creativity of early childhood.
Morphology, growth and genetic variations of sago palm (Metroxylon sagu) seedlings derived from seeds

Riyanto R, Widodo I, Abbas B. 2018. Morphology, growth and genetic variations of sago palm (Metroxylon sagu) seedlings derived from seeds. Biodiversitas 19: 682-688. Propagations of Sago palm using seeds will result in large variations of seedlings due to segregation resulting in the genetic diversity. The objectives of this study are to observe the morphology, growth and genetic variations of sago palm seedlings derived from seeds resulted from natural pollination. Morphological diversities of sago palm seedlings showed in high variations with the similarity coefficient ranging from 10% to 69%. Growth patterns of sago palm seedlings were divided into three categories, i.e., slow, medium, and fast growth. Genetic characters of sago palm seedlings showed that sago palm seedlings were varied with coefficients ranging from 23.6-74.5% and seedlings samples were separated into three groups of 49% the differentiation level. Based on the morphological, growth, and genetic characteristics of sago palm seedlings derived from seeds, it is predicted that sago palms in the natural condition may occur because of cross-pollination.
Performance of the dekalb 230 corn hybrid using biostimulants: phenological and productive characteristics

Corn is among the main grain crops grown in Brazil, standing out for its high yield potential. The increase in productivity achieved by the crop is due to genetic improvement, correct management practices and adhesion of new technologies available in the market, among them is the use of products with biostimulant action. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seed and leaf applied biostimulant packages in order to analyze the vegetative and reproductive development variables of the DKB 230 (Dekalb) corn hybrid. The experiment was conducted in the agricultural year of 2018/2019 in the experimental area of the Federal University of Santa Maria campus of Frederico Westphalen / RS. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five biostimulant treatments, namely, Vigor S®, Potassium with algae® and Grains +®; Vigor G®, Potássio com algas® and Grãos +®; Vigor SS®, Potássio com algas® and Grãos +®; Stimulate®, Start® and Mover®; and control (without any biostimulant), with four repetitions. Plant height, stem diameter, average number of rows of grain per ear, weight of one thousand seeds and grain yield were evaluated. According to the results obtained, the biostimulant packages did not influence the evaluated variables, under the conditions of the experiment.
Effects of Salacia lehmbachii ethanol root bark extract on estrous cycle and sex hormones of female albino rats

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Salacia lehmbachii (S. lehmbachii) ethanol root bark extract on estrous cycle and sex hormones in female rats. Methods: Forty-eight virgin rats with regular 4-day cycle were grouped into four and each group was further subdivided into ‘a’ and ‘b’ (n=6). Each group was orally treated for 28 days with 2 mL of distilled water (control), ethanol root bark extract of S. lehmbachii in doses of 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg/body weight (groups 2, 3, 4, respectively). Estrous cycle was determined daily using the vaginal smear method. Rats in ‘a’ subgroups were weighed and sacrificed on the 29th day, and blood was collected for serum generation which was used for hormonal assay and sex organs were removed and weighed. Rats in ‘b’ subgroups were discontinued from treatment for 2 weeks and the parameters above were reassessed. Results: The mean length of estrous cycle and duration of diestrous of treated rats were prolonged dose dependently compared to control. The increase was significant (P<0.05) at 500 and 750 mg/kg. The other estrous phases were shortened in the same pattern. Relative weights of sex organs were reduced significantly (P<0.05) at the highest dose. Sex hormones levels were significantly (P<0.05) reduced compared to control. The above changes reverted towards the control values two weeks post treatments. Conclusions: Ethanol root bark extract of S. lehmbachii (high doses) has antifertility effect in female rats as it prolongs the estrous and diestrous cycle, and reduces serum sex hormones levels. The observed alterations were reversible.
Grazing and wildfire effects on small mammals inhabiting montane meadows

Livestock grazing and fire can intensively modify montane meadows. Understanding how these factors affect habitat, species richness, and diversity of small mammals can inform management decisions. Few studies have investigated the independent and synergistic effects of grazing and wildfire on vegetation and small-mammal communities, and none have focused on montane meadows in the southwestern United States. In 2012 and 2013, we captured small mammals at 105 sites to contrast occupancy, species richness, and diversity among livestock grazing levels (present, absent), wildfire severity (unburned, low, or moderate), and meadow classifications (small or large, wet or dry) in Arizona, USA. During 13,741 trap nights, we captured 1,885 rodents of 8 species. Two species represented 88% of captures: deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) and Arizona montane vole (Microtus montanus arizonensis). Deer mice, Navajo Mogollon voles (Microtus mogollonensis navaho), and thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus monticola; a subspecies endemic to the White Mountains, AZ) had higher occupancy in large, ungrazed meadows compared to small, grazed meadows. Species richness was greater in unburned than burned sites and small meadows than large. However, higher diversity occurred in ungrazed and dry compared to grazed and wet meadows. Three species demonstrated weak relationships between wildfire and occupancy, suggesting short-term (<2 yrs) effects of low to moderate burn severity for these species or their habitat. Livestock grazing had a greater effect than wildfire on the small-mammal community by altering vegetation or other habitat elements and thus decreasing population sizes. Reducing livestock grazing would benefit small-mammal species and increase diversity and abundance of the small-mammal community in montane meadows. 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Efficient Combinations of NOMA With Distributed Antenna Systems Based on Channel Measurements for Mitigating Jamming Attacks

This article aims at proposing new efficient combinations of distributed antenna systems with nonorthogonal multiple access for combating the influence of harmful jamming on a downlink transmission system. A large set of practical channel measurements was performed in an indoor work environment in order to encompass a wide panoply of user positions, antennas, and jammer configurations. Then, three strategies were studied for the selection of subbands, antennas, and transmit powers so as to alleviate the influence of jamming. First, a configuration where the paired users are served by a unique antenna was considered. Then, two other configurations were studied, where paired users are served by two different antennas. It was shown that, in these two strategies, under specific channel and power conditions, it is possible to allow both paired users to perform successive interference cancellation (SIC) to remove interuser interference. The dual-SIC strategy, when applied with joint antenna transmission, presents a good robustness to jamming and yields important throughput gains, compared to the classical single-SIC scenario and single-antenna dual-SIC transmission.
Optimizing optogenetic stimulation protocols in auditory corticofugal neurons based on closed-loop spike feedback

Objective. Optogenetics provides a means to probe functional connections between brain areas. By activating a set of presynaptic neurons and recording the activity from a downstream brain area, one can establish the sign and strength of a feedforward connection. One challenge is that there are virtually limitless patterns that can be used to stimulate a presynaptic brain area. Functional influences on downstream brain areas can depend not just on whether presynaptic neurons were activated, but how they were activated. Corticofugal axons from the auditory cortex (ACtx) heavily innervate the auditory tectum, the inferior colliculus (IC). Here, we sought to determine whether different modes of corticocollicular activation could titrate the strength of feedforward modulation of sound processing in IC neurons. Approach. We used multi-channel electrophysiology and optogenetics to record from multiple regions of the IC in awake head-fixed mice while optogenetically stimulating ACtx neurons expressing Chronos, an ultra-fast channelrhodopsin. To identify cortical activation patterns associated with the strongest effects on IC firing rates, we employed a closed-loop evolutionary optimization procedure that tailored the voltage command signal sent to the laser based on spike feedback from single IC neurons. Main results. Within minutes, our evolutionary search procedure converged on ACtx stimulation configurations that produced more effective and widespread enhancement of IC unit activity than generic activation parameters. Cortical modulation of midbrain spiking was bi-directional, as the evolutionary search procedure could be programmed to converge on activation patterns that either suppressed or enhanced sound-evoked IC firing rate. Significance. This study introduces a closed-loop optimization procedure to probe functional connections between brain areas. Our findings demonstrate that the influence of descending feedback projections on subcortical sensory processing can vary both in sign and degree depending on how cortical neurons are activated in time.
Biochemical Effects of Taurine on Experimentally Induced Hypergalactosaemia in Rats

In recent years, there has been a great demand for natural products that have possible preventive action against diabetes and its secondary complications. Current diabetes research makes use of hypergalactosemic rat as experimental models of type I diabetes mellitus. Keeping this in mind, our study was undertaken to investigate the influence of taurine on galactose and glucose levels, oxidative stress markers and lipid profile in galactose-induced hypergalactosemic rats. 70 weaning albino male rats divided into four groups were used in this study. Rats treated daily with 30% galactose (6 g/kg) orally for 80 days (group C; n=25) to induce hypergalactosaemia. Control rats received normal chow diet (group A; negative control group, n=10). Rats treated with 4% taurine (0.8 g for each rat daily) (group B; positive control group, n=10). The fourth set of rats received 30% galactose and 4% taurine (group D; n=25). Taurine administration started after 80 days from the beginning of the experiment and continue for 21 days. Galactose and glucose levels as well as body weights were estimated weekly to monitor hypergalactosaemia and hyperglycemia induced by galactose feeding. Serum were collected at the end of the experiment to determine insulin, lipid profile, total protein content, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase(CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, while glycogen estimated in liver tissues of rats. In addition HbA1c was determined in whole blood of rats. The results of this study imply that treatment of rats by taurine can control, to some extent, galactose-induced hypergalactosaemia, hyperglycemia and its attendant complications.
Soil‐test biological activity with short‐term and long‐term carbon contributions

Soil‐test biological activity (STBA) is a key indicator of soil health because of its relevance to ecosystem processing, broad applicability, and simple and rapid analysis. Short‐term and long‐term influences of carbon (C) availability on STBA were assessed. A short‐term factor was root‐derived C inputs from a sudangrass (Sorghum × drummondii) test crop grown under greenhouse conditions. Long‐term factors were from soil at two depths in three sections of a field varying in soil texture and exposed to 16 yr of different pasture–crop rotation management. Soil‐test biological activity was determined after 0, 14, 21, 31, and 45 d of greenhouse growth. Total variation in STBA was 7% from the short‐term factor and 81% from the long‐term factors. Soil depth was the primary long‐term factor influencing STBA (57%) and soil texture was intermediate (24%). Results indicate that short‐term changes in STBA are important but modest compared with variations due to soil depth and texture.
Remote Sensing Image Classification Based on a Cross-Attention Mechanism and Graph Convolution

An attention mechanism assigns different weights to different features to help a model select the features most valuable for accurate classification. However, the traditional attention mechanism algorithm often allocates weights in a one-way fashion, which can result in a loss of feature information. To obtain better hyperspectral data classification results, a novel cross-attention mechanism and graph convolution integration algorithm are proposed in this letter. First, principal component analysis is used to reduce the dimensionality of hyperspectral images to obtain low-dimensional features that are more expressive. Second, the model uses a cross (horizontal and vertical directions) attention algorithm to allocate weights jointly based on its two strategies; then, it adopts a graph convolution algorithm to generate the directional relationships between the features. Finally, the generated deep features and the relationship between the deep features are used to complete the prediction of hyperspectral data. Experiments on three well-known hyperspectral data sets—Indian Pines, the University of Pavia, and Salinas—show that the proposed algorithm achieves better performances than do other well-known algorithms using different methods of training set division.
Effect of Solid-State Fermentation on Main Nutritional Components, Some Minerals, Condensed Tannin and Phenolic Compounds of Olive Leaves

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of solid-state fermentation (SSF) on main nutritional components, some minerals, condensed tannin and phenolic compounds of olive leaves. Two groups were formed as a fermented (FOL, Aspergillus niger ATCC 52172) and non-fermented olive leaves (OL). Suitable environmental conditions (humidity, temperature and pH) before SSF were established and fermentation lasted on day 8. After fermentation, while the crude fiber, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) content of FOL compared to OL were decreased, its the crude protein, ether extract, ash and condensed tannin contents were increased. Some macro minerals (Ca, N, K, P, Mg) and micro minerals components (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B) of FOL and OL were varied. Although oleuropein content of FOL was decreased, it’s catechin and hydroxytyrosol contents were increased by SSF. These results showed that A. niger ATCC 52172 strain could be suitable inoculant to improve the nutritional content of olive leaves.
Agricultural use of wood ash as a fertilizer and liming material

Wood-derived boiler ash was mixed with two acid soils at rates equivalent to 0, 2.24, 4.5, 9.0, 17.9, and 35.9 metric tons/ha to evaluate changes in extractable nutrients and soil pH. Concentrations of extractable P, K, and Ca increased linearly with application rate. Soil pH increased linearly with the logarithm of the application rate. The ash was compared with commercial potash fertilizer and agricultural limestone. The equivalent neutralizing value was about half of that for agricultural limestone. 4 references.
Iron and manganese concentrations of vegetables grown in soil irrigated with wastewater: Evaluation of health risk to the public

Aim of the present research was to determine the concentrations of iron and manganese in soil, vegetables grown at the areas which are usually irrigated with canal water and sewage water. The samples were analysed through atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The mean iron and manganese concentrations in soil samples varied from 16.425 to 32.835 mg/kg and 0.450 to 0.904 mg/kg, respectively. The highest Fe value was observed in Raphanus sativus irrigated with sewage water irrigation and the lowest content was noticed in Capsicum frutescens irrigated with canal water. In the same way as Fe, the highest Mn value was observed in Raphnus sativus irrigated with sewage water and the lowest content was noticed in Capsicum frutescens irrigated with canal water irrigation. In all vegetables, the daily intake of metal values for Fe and Mn were higher during sewage water irrigation as compared to the canal water irrigation. Bio-concentration factor values of heavy metals were less than 1 in all vegetables and these results specified that metal bioavailability was low at the two sites. Health risk index values of Fe and Mn fell under the safe limit of health risk index value and the vegetables were deemed fit for human consumption. But amid irrigation of wastewater, there are chances of further contamination upto levels that are hazardous to public health.
Dynamics, habitat use and extinction risk of a carnivorous desert marsupial

Animals in hot desert environments often show marked fluctuations in population size, persisting in low numbers in refuge habitats during dry periods and expanding after rain when resources increase. Understanding drought-wet cycle dynamics is important for managing arid ecosystems, particularly if populations of threatened species are present. Such species may face increased risks of extinction if all populations decrease synchronously toward zero during low-resource periods, and if key refuge habitats needed during these periods are disturbed or unavailable. Here, we describe the dynamics and habitat requirements of two sub-populations of the kowari, Dasyuroides byrnei (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae), during long-term sampling (2000–2015) that encompassed multiple drought-wet cycles. This species is listed currently as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. We found that the study region contains favourable habitat, with kowari occurring on hard stony (gibber) pavements in association with coverage of sand that may facilitate construction of burrows. Both sub-populations of kowari declined over the study period irrespective of climatic conditions, despite some evidence that both body condition and reproductive output increased after rain. We suggest that the studied sub-populations are under stress from extrinsic rather than intrinsic factors, with livestock grazing and introduced predators perhaps having the most negative effects. If similar demographic trends are apparent elsewhere in the species’ small geographical range, the species would be eligible for listing on the IUCN Red List as Endangered, with a 20% chance of extinction within the next 20 years. Urgent research is required to quantify and mitigate the extrinsic threats to kowari populations. Proactive measures such as captive breeding to act as insurance populations would be prudent.
U-Pb ages and Hf isotope composition of zircon from the Shimanto accretionary complex: Evidence for heterogeneous sources

Copyright © 2020 by The Geochemical Society of Japan. The latter methods have proven to be powerful tools to identify the sources of the sediments (or sometimes only changing source areas) and the geologic make-up and evolution of source areas (e.g., Aoki et al., 2014; Bodet and Schärer, 2000; Deng et al., 2017; Hara et al., 2017; Lan et al., 2016). A well studied accretionary complex is the Shimanto Belt distributed along the Pacific side of south-west and central Japan along an active continental margin. This belt may have been displaced relative to the source area due to movements along the Median Tectonic Line (e.g., Ikeda et al., 2016; Sakashima et al., 2003). Numerous studies have dealt with various aspects of this belt. Age constraints were largely obtained by studies of the radiolarian biostratigraphy (e.g., Suzuki and Fukuda, 2012; Hara and Hara, 1919a, b). Recently, the dating of detrital zircon has been used to refine these age assignments (e.g., Hara and Hara, 2019b; Hara et al., 2017; Shibata et al., 2008; Tokiwa et al., 2016, 2017). Hara et al. (2017) also used the spectra of U-Pb zircon ages to discuss the provenance of the sediments that constitute the Shimanto belt in southern Shikoku. U-Pb ages and Hf isotope composition of zircon from the Shimanto accretionary complex: Evidence for heterogeneous sources
ASSESSMENT RATING OF FE, CU AND ZN IN WATER AND IN TISSUES OF LUCIOBARBUS CALLENSIS (VALENCIENNES, 1842) AND CYPRINUS CARPIO CARPIO (LINNAEUS, 1785) AT K'SOB RESERVOIR (M'SILA - ALGERIA)

The aim of this study was to determine Fe, Cu and Zn in K’sob reservoir water (Msila - Algeria) and to estimate their concentration in the tissues of Cyprinus carpio carpio and Luciobarbus callensis, as an indicator of the quality of this aquatic ecosystem. The choice of these species is mainly based on endemism criteria; the Carp fish is representative species of the invasive fish communities but the Barbel is an endemic species inhabiting the course of a Wadi and the K’sob reservoir. Our study conducted from January to May 2014 with a monthly monitoring in order to analysis the concentration of the heavy metals in water and fish tissues. The reservoir water show different values of heavy metals between high concentration of Cu and a medium for Fe and Zn. While the higher concentrations of Copper were obtained from carp and important values of Iron and Zinc are shown in both species. These values appear compatible with our fish’s habitat and its diet. Article DOI: https://dx.doi. org/10.20319/lijhls.2018. 43.0113 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.