Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Closure of "Undrained Shear Strength of Liquefied Sands for Stability Analysis"

The postliquefaction shear strength of sands, called the undrained critical strength or su(critical), is evaluated in terms of the critical strength ratio, su(critical)/ρ´vo This allows postliquefaction stability analyses to incorporate the variation of su(critical) with effective vertical stress instead of using a single value as proposed elsewhere. Comparison of back‐calculated critical strength ratios and the cyclic stress ratios triggering liquefaction suggests that drainage occurs in most cases during the postliquefaction flow of liquefied sands. To evaluate the stability of an existing slope that is predicted to liquefy during a dynamic event, the original slope configuration and the constant volume su(critical) must be used instead of the back‐calculated partially drained su(critical) values. The proposed procedure for estimating the constant volume su(critical), using the results of field and/or laboratory tests, shows that the critical strength ratio is approximately one‐half the yield strength r.
Large Bowel Obstruction: Management and Outcome in Omdurman Teaching Hospital

Large bowel obstruction (LBO) constitutes 15% of intestinal obstruction. The most common causes are colorectal cancer (CRC) and sigmoid volvulus (SV). CRC in Sudan was found in young age group. Clinical features are almost the same with symptoms of SV tend to occur in recurrent episodes. Surgical procedures for colonic obstruction include multi stage procedures and single stage procedureusing primary anastomosis with or without colonic lavage. The objective was to study the management and outcome of LBO in Omdurman teaching hospital. This is a prospective observational study conducted at Omdurman teaching hospital including all patients presented with LBO from Jun. 2013- Sep. 2014. Paediatric patients were excluded. Data collected through a preformed questionnaire and analyzed using computer programme package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. LBO accounted for 21.6% of intestinal obstruction. Volvulus formed 35.6% of cases and malignancy 64.4%. The mean age was 51.73±20.18 years. There is overall male preponderance with M: F ratio of 2.8:1. Gangrenous bowel was found in 8.9% of patients and all were cases of volvulus. Obstructing CRC was commonest in the left colon with the highest percent at the rectosigmoid junction (33.3%). Hartmann's procedure (HP) and primary anastomosis were done in 57.8% and 13.3% of patients respectively. The mortality of HP was 15.4% and of the primary anastomosis was 50%. In conclusion; the pattern of LBO in Sudan is changing over years towards CRC. There is overall male preponderance. CRC tends to affect younger age groups. HP is
VITAMIN B 12 STATUS IN PROLONGED USE OF METFORMIN IN TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS IN BHILAI, CHHATTISGARH, INDIA

Background: Due to the immense advantage of the use of Metformin in controlling blood sugar levels in type II DM patients, an imperative side effect of the drug usage like deficiency of Vit B12 is often disregarded and hardly ever being scrutinized. With the above background information, our study focused on estimating the level of Vit B12 among Type 2 DM patients with prolonged use of metformin drugs. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study in the Institution was conducted in Type II Diabetes Mellitus subjects who were taking Metformin therapy for a minimum of 5 years or more attending OPD within 2 months study period. Serum Vitamin B12 levels of the type II DM participants were assessed by using Mindray’s Chemiluminescent Immunoassay (CLIA), in serum with a setting of a lower limit to 125pg/ml. After ethical permission data were collected. With Consent blood sample was collected along with the review of the medical record. After collection, data was spread in an Excel sheet. Calculation of data was done by use of Excel sheet and SPSS version 22 free. Statistical data were expressed in proportion and mean ± SD and an appropriate test was applied to show the link between the variables with a statistically significant p-value of < 0.05. Result: With Vitamin B12, the difference was more in, < 10 years duration of metformin use than with >10 years duration and the difference was statistically significant (0.04). Conclusion: Vitamin B12 deficiency occurs in type 2 DM subjects taking Metformin drug for a long time.
STUDY OF CLINICAL PROFILE AND OUTCOME OF HYPONATREMIA IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS

Background: Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte imbalance, accounting for around 22% of all cases. It is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in Indian intensive care settings, but data is limited. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the etiological profile of admitted patients with symptomatic hyponatremia and their eventual in-hospital outcome. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 100 patients meeting eligibility criteria. Patients' biochemical parameters, such as serum sodium, serum osmolality, urine sodium, and urine osmolality, were recorded. On the basis of serum sodium levels, patients were classified as mild, moderate, or severe. The incidence and clinical profile of hyponatremia in hospitalised patients were studied, and the clinical features were correlated with the biochemical profiles of the patients. Also, the patient’s outcome of hyponatremia with various aetiologies and types was observed and recorded. Result: The symptoms of the patients varied from neurological to gastrointestinal to asymptomatic in this study, where the commonest symptom was revealed to be lethargy, followed by postural dizziness and nausea or vomiting. The most common cause of hyponatremia was revealed to be SIADH. Furthermore, 51% had euvolemic hyponatremia, 18% had hypervolemic hyponatremia, and 31% had hypovolemic hyponatremia. A total of 13% of the subjects died, whereas the rest (87%) recovered. More deaths were seen in females than in males. The highest incidence was recorded in age limit of 41-50 years aged individual. The majority of patients were asymptomatic, and the most common symptoms in severe cases were abnormal behaviour and coma. Also, the GCS score was inversely proportional to the incidence of hyponatremia. Good outcome of patients after treatment was observed in mild to moderate hyponatremia. Conclusion: Severe hyponatremia was more associated with mortality due to other primary causes.
Mécanismes de l'érosion diffuse des sols. Modélisation du transfert et de l'évolution granulométrique des fragments de terre érodés

La pluie et le ruissellement agissent sur les sols cultives,generant et exportant des fragments de terre. Au sein des parcelles agricoles, cette erosion hydrique entraine une degradation du potentiel de production des sols. A l'aval, les degâts sont d'ordre environnemental avec des inondations boueuses et des pollutions du systeme aquatique. Bien que reconnues comme un facteur determinant les flux de matiere erodee, les caracteristiques structurales de la surface des sols sont encore peu integrees dans l'etude de l'erosion hydrique. Cette these analyse l'effet de la structure du sol sur le transfert particulaire par l'erosion hydrique diffuse. Le travail s'appuie sur des simulations de pluie en laboratoire et sur la determination de la composition granulometrique agregee des fragments de sol produits par les processus erosifs. Chacun des processus erosifs - desagregation, mise en mouvement par la pluie, transfert par splash et transport par le ruissellement - est etudie separement afin de mieux apprehender les mecanismes physiques impliques. La desagregation est reconnue comme un processus erosif clef qui peut etre estime grâce a des mesures de la stabilite structurale des sols. La realisation de bilans de masse a partir des flux mesures permet d'identifier la selectivite granulometrique de la mise en mouvement par la pluie et du transport par le ruissellement. Du fait de cette selectivite, la composition des fragments de sol mis a disposition des processus conditionne l'intensite des flux erodes. A partir de ces resultats, un modele de prediction de l'exportation des sediments par l'erosion diffuse est ebauche. Ce modele conduit a la prise en compte de la dynamique structurale des sols dans la modelisation deterministe de l'erosion hydrique diffuse.
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BURNS

Background: Burn continues to be a serious public health problem in countries such as India, despite the advances in recent years. The epidemiology of burns goes a long way in trying to answer this public health problem. Objectives: To study the epidemiology of burns in patients residing in Jammu and its adjoining areas. To attempt to study the epidemiological factors in depth, to notify any measures required to improve the outcome of treatment. Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective study and included all the patients admitted to our Department of General Surgery, with a history of sustaining burns, for a period of 12 months. The patients were assessed in detail as regards the cause, gender, age, socio-economic group, duration, and severity of burns and managed accordingly. Result: The majority of the patients were in the age group of 0-10 years. Male: Female ratio in our study was 2.06:1. The majority of the patients were Hindus. The majority of the patients worked as laborers and belonged to the Lower Socio-Economic class and resided in rural areas. The majority of the burns were caused accidentally and flames were the most common agent causing burns. 2% of all the patients suffered from COVID-19 infection. The Median Total Body Surface Area involved in our study was 20.0%. The mean hospital stay in our study was 18.0 days and the majority of the patients were managed conservatively. The mortality rate due to burns in our study was 3.33%. Conclusion: With mortality and morbidity associated with burn injuries adding up to a significant
Routledge Handbook of Theory in Sport Management

The substantial body of work examining organisational justice in sport organisations by Mahony and his various co-authors has had a signiﬁcant impact on my research and the advancement of organisational justice research in sport management. Research by Mahony and Pastore (1998), along with Hums and Chelladurai (1994), is generally considered some of the ﬁrst in sport management and was foundational for subsequent work by other scholars in the ﬁeld. Similar to the evolution of organisational justice research outside of sport management, Mahony’s initial focus was on the dimension of distributive justice, the perceived fairness of resource allocations. His work was based on that of Adams (1965), Homans (1961) and Greenberg (1990), among others, and focused on how and why resources were allocated in intercollegiate athletics. This line of research examined the distribution principles of equity, equality and need and the relative fairness of each method when allocating resources. To understand the impact of each distribution process, Mahony and colleagues sampled coaches, athletic administrators, athletic board chairs and sport management students throughout a variety of studies (see Mahony, Hums, Andrew and Dittmore, 2010). In addition to understanding the allocation principles of distributive justice that were deemed most fair by each of these groups, Mahony et al. (2002; 2005; 2006) deconstructed the principle of need by identifying sub-principles of need that seemed to be operating in intercollegiate athletics (2005). This work, along with that of Hums and Chelladurai (1994), did much to advance understanding of distributive justice in sport management and also contributed to the broader examination of organisational justice in non-sport settings. The work by Mahony and colleagues has informed my research on organisational justice and that of many other scholars in sport
PREVENTION OF DIARRHEA IN CHILDREN THROUGH PLAY AS A HEALTH PROMOTION EFFORT: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

ABSTRACT Introduction: Diarrhea is a health problem that children are prone to. Currently, prevention efforts with media games are still rare. The purpose of this study was to examine game educational media in an effort to prevent diarrhea in children. Method: The method in this research is a systematic review. The stages of article selection use the PRISMA guideline. The results obtained are that there are ten articles that are feasible to be analyzed. Result: The results include journal from the search database Sage, Science Direct and Taylor & Francis using 12 journal There are three themes found, namely the types of games used in health promotion for preventing diarrhea, the age group of children, and health promotion settings. Conclusion: This research is expected to be the basis for community nurses to develop educational media that are interesting and effective in preventing diarrhea in children. Keywords: diarrhea, children’s games, health promotion
Histopathological Analysis Of Oral Cavity Lesions

: Oral cavity lesions are among the most common application reasons to otolaryngology, family medicine, dentistry and dermatology policlinics. We aimed to retrospectively examine the patients who applied to our otorhinolaryngology clinic with the complaint of intraoral lesions and biopsied for diagnosis, in terms of gender, age, location of the lesion, and pathological diagnoses. 147 patients between the ages of 12-83 who applied to our otorhinolaryngology clinic between 2015-2020 with complaints of intraoral lesions and biopsy were included in our study. Patient archive files were examined retrospectively; and the gender, age, location of the lesion and pathological diagnoses of the patients were recorded. The diagnoses of the biopsy materials were classified as benign, premalignant and malignant. The mean age of the patients was 51.4 (± 15.3), 72 (49%) were male and 75 (51%) were female. The lesions were 81.6% benign, 10.9% malignant and 7.5% premalignant. The most benign lesion detected was squamous papilloma (n: 22), and the most malignant lesion was squamous cell carcinoma (n: 16). Although oral cavity lesions are usually benign in nature, there are also premalignant and malignant lesions. Clinicopathological evaluation is very important in patients presenting with the complaint of lesions in this region due to the risk of malignancy.
The Influence of Confining Pressure and Preexisting Damage on Strain Localization in Fluid‐Saturated Crystalline Rocks in the Upper Crust

The spatial organization of deformation may provide key information about the timing of catastrophic failure in the brittle regime. In an ideal homogenous system, deformation may continually localize toward macroscopic failure, and so increasing localization unambiguously signals approaching failure. However, recent analyses demonstrate that deformation, including low‐magnitude seismicity, and fractures and strain in triaxial compression experiments, experience temporary phases of delocalization superposed on an overall trend of localization toward large failure events. To constrain the conditions that promote delocalization, we perform a series of X‐ray tomography experiments at varying confining pressures (5–20 MPa) and fluid pressures (0–10 MPa) on Westerly granite cores with varying amounts of preexisting damage. We track the spatial distribution of the strain events with the highest magnitudes of the population within a given time step. The results show that larger confining pressure promotes more dilation, and promotes greater localization of the high strain events approaching macroscopic failure. In contrast, greater amounts of preexisting damage promote delocalization. Importantly, the dilative strain experiences more systematic localization than the shear strain, and so may provide more reliable information about the timing of catastrophic failure than the shear strain.
OUTCOME OF ISOLATED ABSENT FETAL NASAL BONE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH ANEUPLOIDY

Background: The study's objective was to assess absent foetal nasal bone (AFNB) in order to follow its outcomes and relevance in identifying chromosomal abnormalities. The lack of the nasal bone is another indicator of prenatal aneuploidy in foetal sonography. Materials and Methods: Between 2017 and 2022, we found 79 cases of AFNB in foetuses with gestational ages ranging from 11 to 40 weeks. A detailed structural examination was performed in cases where nasal bone was missing, taking into consideration soft indications, maternal age, and maternal blood serum factors. Finally, the risk of trisomy was calculated. Result: This study was based on 79 foetuses having an AFNB. Six of them were executed since they were born with various congenital abnormalities. Aneuploidy was diagnosed in 7 of 9 persons with high-risk biochemical indications, or 24 of 73 patients (comparison group: 32%). The remaining 15/24 (62%) biochemical markers suggested low risk and advised amniocentesis; four of them were found to have Down syndrome. The remaining 49 cases (67%) in the research group had isolated AFNB, whereas 44 (89%) were at low risk for aneuploidy and rejected an amniocentesis. Only two of the 44 patients (42 of whom were normal after delivery) had an abnormal karyotype. The other 5 cases (10%) were at high risk for aneuploidy, and amniocentesis was recommended since trisomy 21 was discovered in three of them. The frequency of missing foetal nasal bone in our study was 0.15% (73/50600). Conclusion: Biochemical screening and amniocentesis are advised in addition to isolated AFNB to determine extra risk since they may be more effective in diagnosing Down syndrome. To search for structural defects or other soft signs, a skilled ultrasonologist should extensively examine foetuses.
Quantification of carbon monoxide emissions from African cities using TROPOMI

Abstract. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an air pollutant that plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry and is mostly emitted by forest fires and incomplete combustion in, for example, road transport, residential heating, and industry. As CO is co-emitted with fossil fuel CO2 combustion emissions, it can be used as a proxy for CO2. Following the Paris Agreement, there is a need for independent verification of reported activity-based bottom-up CO2 emissions through atmospheric measurements. CO can be observed daily at a global scale with the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) satellite instrument with daily global coverage at a resolution down to 5.5 × 7 km2. To take advantage of this unique TROPOMI dataset, we develop a cross-sectional flux-based emission quantification method that can be applied to quantify emissions from a large number of cities, without relying on computationally expensive inversions. We focus on Africa as a region with quickly growing cities and large uncertainties in current emission estimates. We use a full year of high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulations over three cities to evaluate and optimize the performance of our cross-sectional flux emission quantification method and show its reliability down to emission rates of 0.1 Tg CO yr−1. Comparison of the TROPOMI-based emission estimates to the Dynamics–Aerosol–Chemistry–Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) and Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) bottom-up inventories shows that CO emission rates in northern Africa are underestimated in EDGAR, suggesting overestimated combustion efficiencies. We see the opposite when comparing TROPOMI to the DACCIWA inventory in South Africa and Côte d'Ivoire, where CO emission factors appear to be overestimated. Over Lagos and Kano (Nigeria) we find that potential errors in the spatial disaggregation of national emissions cause errors in DACCIWA and EDGAR respectively. Finally, we show that our computationally efficient quantification method combined with the daily TROPOMI observations can identify a weekend effect in the road-transport-dominated CO emissions from Cairo and Algiers.
Mechanical Performance of Additive Manufactured PEEK Composite

Carbon-reinforced polyether ether ketone or C-PEEK has many uses in engineering applications. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is the additive manufacturing method of choice for producing C-PEEK components because of its low cost and high efficiency. Anisotropy is commonly associated with such components because of the raster angle between the printing and loading directions. However, the impact of raster angle on the local state of strain has received comparatively less focus. The present work attempts to fill this research gap using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) to measure full-field deformation of C-PEEK. Standard specimens are tested for failure by fracture at 0°, 45°, and 90° raster angles. The strength is the highest at 0° raster angle, whereas it is the lowest at 90° raster angle. Brittle fracture is the cause of failure for all samples. The most important part of the failure mechanism is played by strain localization that develops near the interfaces between adjacent beads or layers.
EFFICACY OF TRANSMUSCULAR QUADRATUS LUMBORUM BLOCK IN THE MULTIMODAL REGIMEN FOR POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA AFTER TOTAL LAPAROSCOPIC HYSTERECTOMY: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMISED DOUBLE-BLINDED STUDY

Background: The population of patients scheduled for total laparoscopic hysterectomy at our surgical center is heterogeneous concerning a multitude of demographic variables such as age, collateral surgery and malign or benign pathogenesis. A common denominator is moderate to severe postoperative pain and a substantial opioid consumption. A recent procedure specific postoperative pain management (PROSPECT) review found no gain from the regional techniques included. Materials and Methods: The subjects were randomly allocated into Group-Q (to receive block with local anaesthetic) and Group-C (control, to receive block with saline) using a computer-generated sequence of random numbers. The group sequence was concealed in sealed opaque envelopes, which were opened only after obtaining informed consent. Two syringes of 20 ml containing either 40 ml saline or 40 ml 0.375% ropivacaine were prepared by an anaesthesiologist who was not involved in the study. The anaesthesiologist, the subjects and the post-operative care providers were blinded to the group assignment. Result: A total of 148 patients (70 in Group-C and 68 in the Group-Q) were enrolled into the study. Two patients in the Group-C were excluded (due to violation of protocol). In Group-Q three patients were excluded (two because of violation of protocol and, one because of inability to localize the correct plane for injection). Totally 69 patients (n=70 Group-C & n=68 Group-Q) were analysed. The demographic variables, intraoperative vital parameters, duration of
Mind over Palate: Unveiling the Role of Neuromarketing in the Food Industry

t: This scientific paper investigates the application of neuromarketing research in the food industry and its impact on consumer behaviour and perception of food quality. Through a comprehensive review of the relevant literature, this study explores the fun‑ damental concepts and techniques of neuromarketing research, as well as their practical application within the context of the food industry. Furthermore, it analyses the various factors that influence consumer perception of food quality and examines how neuromarketing research can contribute to a better understanding of these factors. By integrating theoretical and empirical findings, this paper offers valuable insights into the potential benefits and advantages of utilising neuromarketing research, while also acknowledging the ethical challenges associated with its implementation in creating effective marketing strategies and enhancing the overall consumer experience in the food industry.