Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An observational cross-sectional study to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of resident doctors and nursing professionals regarding pharmacovigilance in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Central India

Background: Adequate knowledge, positive attitude and motivated practice of pharmacovigilance are the building pillars of ADR reporting. This study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge and attitude towards pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting among the resident doctors and nursing staff in AIIMS Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire based study was carried out in a tertiary care centre. The survey was carried out using a pre-validated questionnaire that included 20 questions to evaluate the participant’s knowledge, attitude and practice. Results: Answers to knowledge based questions were given correctly by around 82.6% (95% CI 0.7576 to 0.8794) of resident doctors and 74% (95% CI 0.6033 to 0.8424) nursing professionals. The difference of basic knowledge about pharmacovigilance between resident doctors and nursing professionals was insignificant (p-value is 0.7967). The most common reason for underreporting was unawareness, which was opted by 69% (95% CI 0.6153-0.7617) of resident doctors, while among the 58% (95% CI 0.4422-0.7064) nursing staff, the major factor was non-feasible ADR monitoring system in hospital. The suggestion of conducting training and awareness programme to promote ADR reporting given by resident doctors and nursing staff were 85% (95% CI 0.7872-0.0957) and 80% (95 % CI 0.6677-0.8895) respectively. Conclusions: The participants were well aware of pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting. They had expressed the positive attitude towards pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting. But the routine practice of reporting ADRs is lacking. Hence there is need for increasing awareness and building positive attitude and practices among the health care professionals.
Physiological Basis of Propagation studies in Commercially Important Difficult to Root Ornamental Shrub Thuja orientais

Among different types of cutting, tip cuttings showed early sprouting, highest number of sprouts per cutting per cutting and length of longest sprout. Subsequently, highest number of primary roots per cutting, secondary roots and length of longest root were found with same type of cutting. Among different levels of IBA, IBA at 4000 ppm resulted in early sprouting, maximum number of sprouts per cutting per cutting and length of longest sprout. Subsequently, highest number of primary roots per cutting, secondary roots and length of longest root were found with same treatment. Among two different media used soil + sand + cocopeat + VAM media recorded early sprouting, maximum number of sprouts per cutting per cutting and length of longest sprout. Subsequently, highest number of primary roots per cutting, secondary roots and length of longest root were found with same treatment.
Improving Parental Lines for Hybrid Rice Development in Indica / Japonica Rice Crosses

The present study was done at the Experimental Farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt, during 2016 and 2017 seasons to study combining ability, gene action and heterosis for grain yield and some agronomic traits in some lines to be utilized in hybrid rice development. The experiment comprised 30 crosses derived from six varieties/lines namely; Dular, Jip 5, O2428, Nekken 1, Giza 181 and Giza182. A complete diallel cross set was done among these six rice parents including reciprocals. General combining ability and specific combining ability were found to be highly significant for all studied traits. This indicated the importance of both additive and non-additive genetic variances in determining inheritance of grain yield and related traits. While, highly significant reciprocal effects were detected for most studied traits indicating presence of the maternal effects in controlling of studied traits except panicle length and panicle weight for these rice crosses. The ratio of GCA/SCA was more than unity for all studied traits, indicated the preponderance of additive gene effects in the expression of these traits. Rice varieties; Dular, O2428 and Nekken 1 showed highly spikelets fertility (> 70%) when they crossed with both japonica and indica cultivars indicated that these lines can be identified as wide compatible genotypes. Moreover, the three crosses of Nekken 1 X Giza 182, Giza 181 X Giza 182 and Nekken 1 X Giza 181 were the best specific combiner for grain yield.
Targeting JNK for the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects over half million people in Spain and it is estimated that there are two million people directly related to the disease. Although AD etiology is still unknown, it seems is to be associated to neuronal apoptosis and synaptic terminals loss, resulting in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. In this context, different studies have shown the MAPK pathways involvement, such as JNK, in neuronal death and neuroinflammation. Evidence indicates that JNK cascade is activated in several experimental models of AD and its over-activation is related to AD pathology, such as maturation of neurofibrillary tangles and plaque formation senile. Last years, JNK inhibitors, omega 3 fatty acids (u-3 PUFAs) among them, seem to have a potential development in clinical trials for different indications. Several studies and clinical research have suggested beneficial effects of marine omega 3 (u-3 PUFAs) on neurodegenerative diseases, specifically EA. The u-3 PUFAs therapeutic actions seem to be related to the resolution of neuroinflammation characteristic of AD. Although the beneficial effects of u-3 PUFAs have been demonstrated in experimental models, the therapeutic effect in clinical trials is controversial. Therefore, it is suggested to study JNK pathway as therapeutic target or as complementary strategy to reduce pathological processes of AD. In the present project, it has been demonstrated the clear relationship between Aâ and JNK, highlighting the direct role of JNK in the pathology of AD. Our study has shown a specific and significant increase of activated JNK (pJNK) and Aâ levels of AD with a positive correlation between both levels, which has not been observed in any other dementia. Furthermore, the co-localization of JNK and Aâ in both murine models and AD patients reinforced this hypothesis. In addition, the causal relationship between Aâ and pJNK is also demonstrated, where Aâ induces JNK activation. Finally, pJNK is suggested as a biological marker of AD in cerebrospinal fluid. In order to study JNK inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for AD, three derivatives of u-3 PUFAs (EPA, DHA and MaR1) were administered in a sporadic model of AD: SAMP8 mouse. As expected, SAMP8 mice showed cognitive deficit in two behavioural tests (Novel Object Recognition Test and Morris Water Maze) and only DHA treatment was able to counteract this cognitive deterioration. Based on these evidences, an attempt was made to elucidate the mechanism of action of these compounds, observing that there is a significant and negative correlation between pJNK levels and mice cognitive state. Therefore, DHA is able to reverse the increase in the levels of JNK in the SAMP8 mice compared to controls and this fact coincides with a cognitive improvement in this AD experimental model. In conclusion, these results could be the therapeutic basis targeting JNK and a possible new diagnostic approach for AD.
Sport Sponsorship as an Image Development Opportunity for New Brands

Brand managers are increasingly using sport sponsorships as a marketing communications vehicle. While brand exposure to a target audience is a primary sponsorship goal, many firms also believe a sport association can be an effective way to enhance brand image. This paper attempts to add to our understanding of this topic by examining the role that sponsorships may play in helping to establish the identity of a brand that is new to the marketplace. Specifically, image transfer effects from sport to brand in the case of a new brand were explored. A second goal of the study was to assess the moderating effect that sponsorship level may have on potential image transfer. With the assistance of previous research in the area of brand associations, schema theory, and congruity theory, hypotheses were developed and tested via two experiments. The experimental results indicated that an announced sponsorship possesses the ability to influence initial image perceptions for a new brand. The results also indicated that the level of sponsorship moderates the effect. Specifically, the findings demonstrated that for a new brand, greater levels of sponsor commitment lead to increasing image transfer prospects. The research suggests that a sport sponsorship is a viable strategy in creating an early impression for a new brand. In addition, the greater the commitment to the sponsorship, the greater potential for a measurable impact on the brand’s identity.
Significance of Screening the General Population for Potential Cardiovascular Diseases with a Combination Assay of B-type Natriuretic Peptide and High Sensitive Troponin I

Objectives: With increasing number of deaths by cardiovascular diseases, to develop an efficient method to screen the general population, such as a screening using biomarkers, for potential cardiovascular diseases is essential. We assessed the effectiveness of a combination assay of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and cardiac troponin I (TnI) in detecting individuals with high cardiovascular risks. Methods: BNP and TnI were determined using Abbott Architect immunoassays in 950 subjects who visited Takeda Hospital Medical Examination Center for the annual health check. Results: The BNP level and TnI level were independently and positively associated with the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). The presence of hypertension, and CKD were positively, but that of dyslipidemia was negatively associated with the BNP level, while the presence of hypertension and dyslipidemia were positively associated with the TnI level. In a BNP-TnI plot where BNP is in the X-axis and TnI was in the Y-axis, we categorized the subjects into quadrants with the BNP cut-off (40.0 pg/ml) and the TnI cut-off (26.2 pg/ml); quadrant A (upper left), quadrant B (lower left), quadrant C (lower right) and quadrant D (upper right). In quadrants A, B, C and D, the number of subjects were 9, 932, 9 and 0, respectively. By assessing the differences between pairs of quadrants among quadrant A, B and C in terms of age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), cardiothoracic ratio (CTR), vital capacity (VC), haemoglobin (Hb), platelet count (PLT), uric acid (UA), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) and the FRS, BMI, CTR and the FRS were higher in quadrants A than quadrant B while age, CTR, PLT and the FRS were higher in quadrants C than quadrant B. The factors that differentiated quadrants A and C were age, BMI and TG. Conclusion: We conclude that not only BNP but also TnI could provide important information for cardiovascular risks in the general population due to its ability to detect the different high risk population as BNP could detect.
Constraints Faced by Farm Women in Participation in Agricultural Activities in Udaipur District of Rajasthan

Women constitute almost half of the work force engaged in agriculture. Rural women constitute the most important productive work force in the Indian economy. In rural India, the percentage of women who depend on agriculture for their livelihood is as high as 84.00 per cent. Agriculture in India contributes about 18.00 per cent GDP and is predominantly a female activity. The rural women participate in a broad range of agricultural activities such as production, processing, preservation and utilization of food. They play a key role in the entire food system starting from the selection of seed, sowing, manuring, weeding, drying, stacking storing and feeding the family from the harvested produce. Further, they play a major in the decision making process at household level.
Methods for Learning Directed and Undirected Graphical Models

Probabilistic graphical models provide a general framework for modeling relationships between multiple random variables. The main tool in this framework is a mathematical object called graph which visualizes the assertions of conditional independence between the variables. This thesis investigates methods for learning these graphs from observational data. Regarding undirected graphical models, we propose a new scoring criterion for learning a dependence structure of a Gaussian graphical model. The scoring criterion is derived as an approximation to often intractable Bayesian marginal likelihood. We prove that the scoring criterion is consistent and demonstrate its applicability to high-dimensional problems when combined with an efficient search algorithm. Secondly, we present a non-parametric method for learning undirected graphs from continuous data. The method combines a conditional mutual information estimator with a permutation test in order to perform conditional independence testing without assuming any specific parametric distributions for the involved random variables. Accompanying this test with a constraint-based structure learning algorithm creates a method which performs well in numerical experiments when the data generating mechanisms involve non-linearities. For directed graphical models, we propose a new scoring criterion for learning
Patient Perceptions of Physician Reimbursement for Retinal Detachment Surgery

Purpose: Despite an ongoing societal debate on health-care costs, little is known about how patients perceive their cost of care. Methods: Survey of patients (n = 30) who underwent vitrectomy for retinal detachment asking about estimated actual physician reimbursement and suggested reasonable physician reimbursement for their surgery. Results: Mean estimated actual fee was $6800, and mean reasonable suggested fee was $14 115. Hence, patients overestimated the actual fee of $1683 by a factor of 4 and suggested 8 times higher reimbursement to be reasonable. Conclusion: This is the first study investigating patient perceptions of physician reimbursement in retina surgery. Results demonstrate that patients drastically overestimate physician reimbursement for retinal detachment repair, and they value the work of their surgeon much higher than what current Medicare reimbursement reflects. This study should help spark a discussion about current health-care dollar allocation.
BI-RADS 4 and 5 breast lesions: correlation between sonographic findings and histopathological results following ultrasound-guided FNAC

Background: clinical application of breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) lexicon for breastultrasound useful to characterization of breast lesion and to inform the level of likelihood of malignancy. Objectives: to correlate between the ultrasound findings and pathological results of BIRADS 4 and 5 lesions on thebasis of the imaging-pathologic concordance or discordance. Methodology: This prospective study enrolled 185 patients classified as BI-RADS-4 and BI-RADS-5, who were referred for breast ultrasound examination at breast clinic in oncology hospital-medical city complex-Baghdad that obtained between January 2013-August 2013 who had palpable breast lump on clinical examination or mass detected by mammography. Ultrasound findings were reviewed by board-certified radiologist and description of ultrasound finding bases on fourth edition BI-RADS lexicon; BI-RADS 4 and 5 was selected for breast lesions that were features suggesting malignancy, category 5 having more likelihood of malignancy than category 4. In both cases, ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) were performed then pathological diagnoses were obtained. Finally, five possible results illustrated for ultrasound-pathology correlation according the concordance and discordance between ultrasound findings and pathological results and malignancy rates were estimated. Results: Over a period of 8 months, 185 patients with BI-RADS 4 and 5 breast lesions were included in this study; the age at presentation ranged between 20 to 73 years. The mean age was 39 years. High resolution ultrasound with Doppler facility applied on all patient and results are categorized according breast imaging and reporting data system and category 4 and 5 were ended by fine needle aspiration cytology with ultrasound guidance and subsequently the histopathology was done. FNAC results revealed 68.35% (n=108) of BI-RADS 4 patients had benign pathologies, 18.99% (n=30) had malignancy and just 12.66% (n=20) showing borderline or high risk lesions. The majority (85.18%) of women with BI-RADS 5 displayed malignant lesion and benign lesions were 2% and rest were borderline. following imaging-pathology correlation, the concordant malignancy in BI-RADS 4 was 18.9% versus 85.18% in BI-RADS 5 and discordant benign in BI-RADS 4 noted in 68.3% of patients while only in 7.4% in BI-RADS 5 and borderline high-risk lesion identified in 12.6% in BI-RADS 4 and 7.4% in BI-RADS 5. Conclusion: the current study shows high agreement with the likelihood of malignancy after application of BI- RADS terminology in category 4 and 5. Careful imaging-pathologic correlation is integral part of multidisciplinary team and very important in establishing the concordance. Recommendation: the previous knowledge about fourth edition of ACR BI-RADS lexicon and practicing it in daily work recommended for radiologist who working in dedicated breast care centers to avoid delays in diagnosis of breast malignancy
The Impact of Social Media on EFL Learners’ Speaking Skill: A Survey Study Involving Both EFL Teachers and Students

The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using Social media on EFL students’ speaking skill. The research covers two basic issues. First, the extent to which Social media affect students’ speaking skill. Second, how can Social media be helpful in EFL context to improve speaking? The research was done at Islamic Azad Universities of Iran. Two questionnaires were distributed; one for 100 EFL teachers and the other one addressed to 100 learners. The practical outcome of the study has displayed that the frequent usage of Social media by EFL students as well as teachers constitutes a significant impact on both users. It has also reflected the teachers’ readiness to integrate Social media in EFL context by means of a convenient pedagogy. Technology is believed to make students respond positively in a language classroom, therefore, it is tremendously important for teachers to enrich their teaching process with the appropriate use of Social media and to promote a global understanding among the EFL Students who should broaden their perspectives about the target cultures and ameliorate their communicative competence in order to interact and communicate effectively and appropriately in English Language.
Intensity-duration-frequency of maximum rainfall in Mato Grosso State

Intensive rainfall is an important meteorological variable that is of technical interest in hydraulic projects. This study therefore generated Intensity-Duration-Frequency equations (IDF) for 14 weather stations in Mato Grosso State, based on pluviograph analysis. Annual maximum rainfall data regarding 10-to-1440-minute long rainfall events were collected from digitized daily pluviographs. Data adherence to the generalized extreme value distribution (GEV) was checked through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test at a 20% significance level. Next, the maximum probable rainfall for return periods such as 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 and 100 years was calculated and the IDF equations were adjusted. The performance of the IDF equations was evaluated based on mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), bias, Willmott's concordance index and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index (ENS). Adjusting the IDF equations was only possible for rainfall durations ranging from 10 to 360 min at each station due to the low frequency of longer rainfalls. High variation was present in parameters of the IDF equation and in maximum rainfall intensity between stations. The satisfactory performance of the models, as attested to by statistical indices, allows using IDF equations adjusted for rainfall durations from 10 to 360 min, and return periods from 2 to 100 years, in the regions of the Mato Grosso weather stations.
Value-at-risk and expected shortfall in cryptocurrencies’ portfolio: a vine copula–based approach

ABSTRACT Risk management is an important and helpful process for investors, hedge funds, traders and market makers. One of its key points is the appropriate estimation of risk measures which can improve the investment decisions and trading strategies. The high volatility of cryptocurrencies turns them a really risky investment and consequently, appropriate risk measures estimation is extremely necessary. In this article, we deal with the estimation of two widely used risk measures such as Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall in a cryptocurrency context. To face the presence of outliers and the correlation between cryptocurrencies, we propose a methodology based on vine copulas and robust volatility models. Our procedure is illustrated in a seven-dimensional equal-weight cryptocurrency portfolio and displays good performance.
Assessing the effectiveness of LED lights for the reduction of sea turtle bycatch in an artisanal gillnet fishery - a case study from the north coast of Kenya

Artisanal gillnet fisheries exist throughout the world’s oceans and have been responsible for high bycatch rates of sea turtles. Three sites on the north coast of Kenya, i.e. Watamu, Ngomeni, and Bwana Said, were studied with the overall objective of assessing the effectiveness of LED lights in the reduction of sea turtle bycatch in the bottom-set gillnet fishery. A total of 10 boats with pairs of control and illuminated nets were deployed during the study, with 56 turtles caught in control nets, while 30 were caught in illuminated nets. The mean catch per unit effort (CPUE) of target species was similar for both control and illuminated nets. In contrast, the mean CPUE of sea turtles was reduced by 64.3% in illuminated nets. This statistically significant decrease (p < 0.04) in sea turtle catch rate suggests that net illumination could be an effective conservation tool. Some useful data on fish catch rates with and without LED lights were also obtained, and interviews with fishermen suggested that they believe that the lights are effective at reducing marine turtle bycatch in their gill nets when set at night. The issues associated with implementing the use of LED lights included increased net handling times, equipment costs, and limited awareness among fishermen regarding the effectiveness of this technology. These challenges need the support of other stakeholders, especially national government, so as to implement this strategy of reducing turtle bycatch more widely.
Clinical study of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in tertiary care centre

A true definition of polycystic ovarian syndrome involves a blending of the morphological and histological ovarian changes with endocrine abnormalities associated with these changes. The original description given by Stein and Leventhal included obesity, amenorrhoea, infertility and hirsutism in association with bilateral enlarged cystic ovaries showing a typical histological appearance of thickened capsule, multiple cysts and dense hypertrophied interstitial tissue.