Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical and neuropsychological outcomes for children with phenylketonuria in Upper Egypt; a single-center study over 5 years

Background Phenylketonuria (PKU) is considered to be a rare inborn error of metabolism but one of the commonest causes of mental retardation if untreated. Objectives The present study was done to characterize the clinical patterns of PKU and analyze various neuropsychiatric outcomes in PKU children in Sohag Province, Egypt. Patients and methods A prospective cohort study was conducted on 113 PKU patients, diagnosed during the period from 2012 to 2017, at the Pediatric Neurology Clinic of Sohag University Hospital, Upper Egypt. One hundred and ten cases were diagnosed based on clinical suspicion combined with laboratory confirmation by measuring their plasma phenylalanine levels using amino acid analyzer, while 3 cases were detected during neonatal screening. With the exception of the 3 cases detected during neonatal screening, all patients were clinically diagnosed and treated late. Psychometric evaluations of PKU patients were done using intelligence quotient (IQ, Stanford– Binet V), Childhood Autism Rating Scale, and Children’s Attention and Adjustment Survey. Dietetic management was applied. The results of neuroimaging (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of the brain) and electroencephalography were included when available. Results The overall results showed that 15.9% had hyperphenylalaninemia, 35.4% had mild to moderate PKU, and classic PKU was diagnosed in 48.7%. Global developmental delay (54.9%) and delayed language (29.2%) were the most frequent presentations. Moderately impaired or delayed overall IQ was present in 77%. While, 83.2% had moderately impaired or delayed verbal IQ, autism was diagnosed in 50.4%. Super average and average probability of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder was diagnosed in 88.5%. Abnormal neuroimaging (white matter abnormalities and brain atrophy) was the most important significant predictor for poor language and motor developmental outcome (P<0.05). Conclusion PKU children had variable neuropsychological outcomes, mainly attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and impaired verbal IQ, both of which were not related to the initial phenylalanine levels or to duration of dietary therapy, but were significantly related to early dietary intervention.
The impact of migration on housegardens management in La Purísima Concepción Mayorazgo, San Felipe del Progreso, State of Mexico

Occupational diversification is an important feature of rural livelihoods, specially in low income countries. Migration has been one of the diversification strategies most studied, due to the high and increasing number of farmers who resort to it in order to improve their standards of living. However, few works have tackled the repercussions of migratory movements on agriculture and natural resources management in the origin communities. Thus, the aim of this paper is to identify the impact of migration on housegardens management in a mazahua community, particularly * Facultad de Planeación Urbana y Regional, UAEM, Mariano Matamoros Sur s/n casi esquina Paseo Tollocán, 50130, Toluca, Estado de México. E-mail: adris_gp@hotmail.com
Reproductive ecology of interior least tern and piping plover in relation to Platte River hydrology and sandbar dynamics

Abstract Investigations of breeding ecology of interior least tern (Sternula antillarum athalassos) and piping plover (Charadrius melodus) in the Platte River basin in Nebraska, USA, have embraced the idea that these species are physiologically adapted to begin nesting concurrent with the cessation of spring floods. Low use and productivity on contemporary Platte River sandbars have been attributed to anthropomorphically driven changes in basin hydrology and channel morphology or to unusually late annual runoff events. We examined distributions of least tern and piping plover nest initiation dates in relation to the hydrology of the historical central Platte River (CPR) and contemporary CPR and lower Platte River (LPR). We also developed an emergent sandbar habitat model to evaluate the potential for reproductive success given observed hydrology, stage–discharge relationships, and sandbar height distributions. We found the timing of the late‐spring rise to be spatially and temporally consistent, typically occurring in mid‐June. However, piping plover nest initiation peaks in May and least tern nest initiation peaks in early June; both of which occur before the late spring rise. In neither case does there appear to be an adaptation to begin nesting concurrent with the cessation of spring floods. As a consequence, there are many years when no successful reproduction is possible because emergent sandbar habitat is inundated after most nests have been initiated, and there is little potential for successful renesting. The frequency of nest inundation, in turn, severely limits the potential for maintenance of stable species subpopulations on Platte River sandbars. Why then did these species expand into and persist in a basin where the hydrology is not ideally suited to their reproductive ecology? We hypothesize the availability and use of alternative off‐channel nesting habitats, like sandpits, may allow for the maintenance of stable species subpopulations in the Platte River basin.
Lateral extrusion of lower crust from under high topography

Where there is isostasy, the rocks of the lower continental crust are subject to an effective lateral pressure gradient equal to the gradient of topographic load, whether compensation is in crustal roots or in the mantle. The result is a Poiseuille flow (planar channel flow) in the weak lower crust, which removes crust from under mountains and smooths and levels the topography. Assuming cubic power law creep, the flux of crust is proportional to the third power of the topographic gradient, to the usual Arrhenius term, to the tenth power of the absolute temperature of the lower crust, and to the negative fifth power of the geothermal gradient. The result is that any initial condition with an isolated high tends eventually toward a state where the topography is pancake shaped, with a flat central plateau and steeper flanks spreading outward. When adjacent “pancakes” merge, most of the relief is eliminated. Flow may either roughen or smooth the Moho, depending on whether there are lateral density contrasts in the mantle lithosphere or not. Although it is difficult to find analytic solutions for this evolution, it is easily simulated numerically. Using various published flow laws for plausible lower crustal rocks, lateral extrusion is shown to be insignificant under the oceans, marginally significant under shields and platforms, important under elevated plains, and dominant beneath high plateaus and/or hot, delaminated regions. In particular, the Basin and Range province of the western United States cannot maintain short-wavelength (100 km) Moho relief of more than 1 km for times greater than 10–20 m.y. at most. If the Tibetan Plateau of China has been delaminated, as recently suggested, then it may flatten even faster, reducing 100-km-wavelength topographic features to 200 m relief in no more than 0.03–0.13 m.y. , and leaving only features with wavelengths over 400 km at the present. Therefore the lower crust of Tibet may resemble a hydraulic reservoir, as previously suggested. Because the flatness of the Moho is self-maintained in these regions, information on past tectonics is continually lost, and the present Moho shape cannot be used to balance cross sections for times in the past. The flatness of the Moho today is not a constraint on the mechanisms of extension or shortening in these regions, nor is it evidence for underplating by intrusions. It also follows that very intense and inhomogeneous dilational strains may have occurred locally, as in the metamorphic core complexes of the Basin and Range province.
Exploring the relationship between age and the pulp and tooth size in canines. A CBCT analysis

Radiographic methods using pulp tooth volume ratio (PTVR) are important for dental age estimation. According to previous studies, using PTVR possess different relationships with age in males and females but none of the studies have used a homogenous (approximately equal numbers of individuals in each age range) age distribution to assess this relationship and the effect of sex as predictor on age estimation. This study was performed on Cone beam computed tomography images of 521 left maxillary and 681 left mandibular canines of 719 subjects of Pakistani origin (368 females and 349 males) aged from 15-65 years. Planmeca Romexis® software was used to trace the outline of the pulp cavity and tooth and to calculate respective volumes. Subsequently, Microsoft® Office Excel 2016 was used to calculate the ratios. Regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between PTVR factoring sex in as a predictor for age estimation. The obtained results showed that including sex as predictor with maxillary PTVR (R 2 =0.46) have the highest predictive power. The relationship between maxillary PTVR including sex with chronological age demonstrates a non-linear relationship. The conclusion is that including sex as predictor with maxillary PTVR produced the best estimate of chronological age.
mir-370 mimic inhibits replication of Japanese encephalitis virus in glioblastoma cells

: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is one of the most severe viral infections of the central nervous system. No effective treatment for JE currently exists, because its pathogenesis remains largely unknown. The present study was designed to screen the potential microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in JE. Glioblastoma cells were collected, after being infected with the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Total miRNAs were extracted and analyzed using an miRNA chip. One of the most severely affected miRNAs was selected, and the role of miR-370 in JEV infection was investigated. Cell viability and apoptosis of the host cells were evaluated. JEV replication was detected via analysis of gene E expression. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the levels of endogenous miR-370 and expression of innate immunity-related genes. Following JEV infection, 114 miRNAs were affected, as evidenced by the miRNA chip. Among them, 30 miRNAs were upregulated and 84 were downregulated. The changes observed in five miRNAs were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. One of the significantly downregulated miRNAs was miR-370. Therefore, miR-370 mimic was transfected into the cells, following which the levels of endogenous miR-370 were significantly elevated. Concurrently, JEV replication was significantly reduced 24 hours after transfection of miR-370 mimic. Functionally, miR-370 mimic mitigated both JEV-induced apoptosis and the inhibition of host cell proliferation. Following JEV infection, interferon- β and nuclear factor-kappa B were upregulated, whereas miR-370 mimic prevented the upregulation of the genes induced by JEV infection. The present study demonstrated that miR-370 expression in host cells is downregulated following JEV infection, which further mediates innate immunity-related gene expression. Taken together, miR-370 mimic might be useful to prevent viral replication and infection-induced host cell injury.
Modified Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy Improves Fine and Gross Motor Performance of the Upper Limb in Parkinson Disease

Objective:The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of modified constraint-induced movement therapy on hand and arm functions in people with Parkinson disease. Design:Twenty individuals with Parkinson disease participated in the study. The experimental group (ten subjects) performed modified constraint-induced movement therapy for 4 wks (3 hrs/day, 5 days/wk), whereas the control group performed general upper limb exercises on the same schedule. The outcome measures both pretest and posttest were the box and block test, Fugl-Meyer assessment, and action research arm test. Results:The scores for the box and block test in the experimental group increased from 35.8 ± 2.6 to 44.8 ± 3.4 after training. Total scores for the Fugl-Meyer assessment in the experimental group significantly increased from 33.6 ± 1.5 to 53.7 ± 3.1 after training. Greater improvement in action research arm test scores were observed in the experimental group (from 35.1 ± 4.9 to 50.8 ± 3.6) than in the general exercise group (from 33.1 ± 2.2 to 34.8 ± 2.7). Conclusions:Modified constraint-induced movement therapy improves fine and gross motor performances of the upper limb in people with Parkinson disease. Therefore, the therapy would be recommended as an effective treatment for them.
Rediscovery of a humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) feeding ground in the Straits of Magellan, Chile

New information is presented on the summer distribution of southeastern Pacific humpback whales along the Southern Chilean fjords. Sightings of 128 humpback whales observed between December and June from 1997-2001 were analysed. Sightings occurred between 48°50AS to 54°18AS and were concentrated in the waters surrounding Isla Carlos III in the Straits of Magellen (53°37AS, 72°21AW) and in the Canal Wide (49°36AS–5°S). To date, 23 individual whales have been identified from photographs of the ventral surface of the flukes. Throughout the austral summer, seven individuals were resighted near Isla Carlos III over periods between 2-5 months. Two individuals were observed in 1999 and 2000, and two individuals were previously recorded in 1997 in Canal Wide, about 365km north of Isla Carlos III. Historical records show the occurrence of whales in the area from the 16th to the 20th Century. From historic records, scattered whaling data, the small amount of scientific literature available, and the results of this study, it is suggested that the southwestern part of the Straits of Magellan, especially the waters surrounding Isla Carlos III, is the first known feeding ground for humpback whales along the Pacific coast of South America.
The relationship between the number of natural teeth and airflow obstruction: a cross-sectional study using data from the Korean national health and nutrition examination survey

Background: Potential associations between oral health and respiratory disease, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have been suggested in several studies. Among the indicators reflecting oral health, the number of natural teeth is an integrated and simple index to assess in the clinic. In this study, we examined the relationship between the number of natural teeth and airflow obstruction, which is a central feature of COPD. Methods: A total of 3,089 participants over 40 years, who underwent reliable spirometry and oral health assessments were selected from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012, a cross-sectional and nationally representative survey. Spirometry results were classified as normal, restrictive, or obstructive pattern. Total number and pairs of natural teeth were counted after excluding third molars. Results: After adjusting for other variables, such as age, body mass index, socioeconomic factors, and oral health factors, the group with airflow obstruction showed significantly fewer natural teeth than the other groups in males ( P = 0.014 and 0.008 for total number and total pairs of natural teeth, respectively). Compared with participants with full dentition, the adjusted odds ratio for airflow obstruction in males with fewer than 20 natural teeth was 4.18 (95% confidence interval: 2.06–8.49) and with fewer than 10 pairs of natural teeth was 4.74 (95% confidence interval: 2.34–9.62). However, there was no significant association between the total number or pairs of natural teeth and airflow obstruction after adjustment in females. Conclusions: Loss of natural teeth was significantly associated with the presence of airflow obstruction in males. Our finding suggests that the number of natural teeth could be one of the available indices for obstructive lung diseases, including COPD.
The Development of Selective Inhibitory Control Across the Life Span

The Development of Selective Inhibitory Control Across the Life Span Anne-Claude Bedard a; Shana Nichols b; Jose A. Barbosa c; Russell Schachar a; Gordon D. Logan d; Rosemary Tannock a a The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. b Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada. c The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. d Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University.
Medication adherence during laboratory workup for primary aldosteronism: pilot study

Purpose: Current hypertension guidelines stipulate that all incompatible medications be stopped before performing laboratory screening for aldosteronism, but patient adherence is unclear. We measured plasma drug concentrations to determine drug adherence and potential drug bias during biochemical tests. Patients and methods: Plasma concentrations of 10 antihypertensive drugs were quantified by mass spectrometry in 24 consecutive ambulatory patients with uncontrolled hypertension routinely evaluated for aldosteronism. Drug screening was done before (first visit), and on the day of biochemical tests (second visit) after stopping all incompatible medications. Concentrations above those expected at trough dosing interval defined same-day dose intake. Results: On the first and second visits, 76% vs 77% of prescribed antihypertensive doses could be verified in plasma. A total of 33% of patients were found to be nonadherent and showed divergent plasma drug results relative to prescriptions (21% drugs not detected/13% unprescribed drugs found) on first visit, 25% on the second (0%/25%), and 46% for both. A total of 21% used medication incompatible with the biochemical tests on the second visit. Moreover, 17% of drug concentrations were below expected trough levels on the first vs 15% on the second visit. This analysis revealed additional four (17%) vs three (13%) nonadherent patients who failed same-day dose intake and remained undetected by qualitative drug tests. Conclusion: Nonadherence was frequent during laboratory evaluations for aldosteronism advo-cating cautious interpretation of results. A multicenter study is desirable to set the stage for new screening protocols that should incorporate also incentives and checks of drug adherence.
Influence of the Southern Annular Mode on the sea ice-ocean system

[1] The global sea ice - ocean model ORCA2-LIM, driven by the NCEP/NCAR ( National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research) reanalysis daily 2-m air temperatures and 10-m winds and by monthly climatologies for precipitation, cloud cover, and relative humidity, is used to investigate the impact of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) on the Antarctic sea ice-ocean system. Our results suggest that the response of the circumpolar Southern Ocean consists of an annular and a nonannular component. For the sea ice cover, the non-annular component seems to be the most important. The annular component strongly affects the overall patterns of the upper ocean circulation. When the SAM is in its positive phase, a northward surface Ekman drift, a downwelling at about 45 degreesS, and an upwelling in the vicinity of the Antarctic continent are simulated. The non-annular component has a significant impact at the regional scale, especially in the Weddell, Ross, Amundsen, and Bellingshausen Seas. In those regions, the pressure pattern associated with the SAM induces meridional winds which advect warmer air in the Weddell Sea and around the Antarctic Peninsula and colder air in the Amundsen and Ross Seas. This implies a dipole response of sea ice to the SAM, with on average a decrease in ice area in the Weddell Sea and around the Antarctic Peninsula and an increase in the Ross and Amundsen Seas during years with a high SAM index. The long-term trend in the observed sea ice area does not appear to be related to the trend in the SAM index.
Management of mycotoxins in Australian maize

Recent incidents of mycotoxin contamination (particularly aflatoxins and fumonisins) have demonstrated a need for an industry-wide management system to ensure Australian maize meets the requirements of all domestic users and export markets. Results of recent surveys are presented, demonstrating overall good conformity with nationally accepted industry marketing standards but with occasional samples exceeding these levels. This paper describes mycotoxin-related hazards inherent in the Australian maize production system and a methodology combining good agricultural practices and the hazard analysis critical control point framework to manage risk. Risk management for mycotoxin contamination of Australian maize Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 2008, 48, 342–350 www.publish. csiro.au/journals/ajea CSIRO PUBLISHING
a review of results after implantation of a secondary intraocular lens to correct residual refractive error after cataract surgery

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide clinical outcomes data related to secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for the correction of residual refractive error after cataract surgery. Patients and methods: A chart review was conducted to identify all eyes implanted with the monofocal spherical or toric AddOn ® secondary IOL. Data were collated from charts where uncomplicated initial cataract surgery was completed. Measures of interest included the original IOL implanted, the postoperative refractive error (before secondary IOL implantation) and the associated corrected and uncorrected visual acuities (VAs). Postoperative data of interest included the residual refractive error, the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA). Results: Refractive and VA data from 1 week to 3 months post-surgery were available for 46 of 70 eyes implanted with a secondary IOL by one surgeon at one practice between 4/15 and 3/17. There was a statistically significant improvement in UCVA of about 2 lines after surgery ( p  0.01), with no change in BCVA ( p = 0.94). No eyes lost a line of BCVA. There was a statistically significant reduction in the absolute magnitude of the residual spherical equivalent refractive error ( p  0.01). In the 10 cases with a toric secondary IOL, there was a statistically significant reduction in refractive cylinder ( p  0.01). Conclusion: The secondary IOL studied here appears to be a viable surgical option to correct residual refractive error after Optometry; Visual science; Pharmacology and drug therapy in eye diseases; Basic Sciences; Primary and Secondary eye care; Patient and Quality of
Small area estimation for spatially correlated populations - A comparison of direct and indirect model-based methods

Linear mixed models underpin many small area estimation (SAE) methods. In this paper we investigate SAE based on linear models with spatially correlated small area effects where the neighbourhood structure is described by a contiguity matrix. Such models allow efficient use of spatial auxiliary information in SAE. In particular, we use simulation studies to compare the performances of model-based direct estimation (MBDE) and empirical best linear unbiased prediction (EBLUP) under such models. These simulations are based on theoretically generated populations as well as data obtained from two real populations (the ISTAT farm structure survey in Tuscany and the US Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program survey). Our empirical results show only marginal gains when spatial dependence between areas is incorporated into the SAE model.