Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Breeding Potential of Extra‐Long Staple Upland Germplasm in a Cotton Breeding Program

Fiber quality improvement of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is essential to increase the value and competitiveness of cotton fiber. The closely related allotetraploid species G. barbadense L. has long been targeted as a source of beneficial fiber quality alleles. Although interspecific hybridization between G. hirsutum and G. barbadense results in fertile offspring, cultivar development programs have seen little success using this approach. In this study, we evaluated the breeding potential of extra-long staple (ELS) upland accessions that presumably contain G. barbadense introgressions. As expected, ELS upland accessions produced long fibers with overall excellent mean fiber quality performance. Genetic effects indicated that ELS upland accessions transmitted both additive and nonadditive beneficial alleles for fiber length and micronaire. However, ELS upland accessions also transmitted negative effects for lint percentage, lint yield, and fiber strength. results suggest that ELS upland accessions are a good source for improving fiber length but also support the idea that linkage drag and skewed chromatin transmission, often seen in progeny derived from interspecific hybridization, may still proliferate in offspring derived from ELS upland accessions. B.T. Campbell and K.L. Hugie, USDA-ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 W. Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501; J. Wu, Dep. of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State Univ., Box 2140C, Brookings, SD 57007; D.C. Jones, Cotton Incorporated, 6399 Weston Pkwy. , Cary, NC 27513. Received 11 Sept. 2017. Accepted 8 Dec. 2017. *Corresponding author (todd.campbell@ars.usda.gov). Assigned to Associate Editor Gerald Myers. Abbreviations: ELS, extra-long staple; HVI, high volume instrument. Published in Crop Sci. 58:1145–1154 (2018). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2017.09. 0546 © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. Published March 15, 2018
Field evaluation of the susceptibility of mill and table olive varieties to egg‐laying of olive fly

The susceptibility of 20 widely distributed mill and table olive varieties to Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) as affected by irrigation, and fruit diameter and oil content was evaluated in a 3‐year trial in Southern Spain. Bactrocera oleae was bivoltine life cycle in the experimental site, with significant differences among population size throughout the study. Even though the olive fruit fly damaged all varieties, significant differences in susceptibility were detected. Among the mill olive varieties “Nevadillo Blanco de Jaén” was the most susceptible, with average infestation levels ranging between 6.7% and 52.2% and between 10.3% and 69.2% under rainfed and irrigated conditions, respectively, and “Arbequina” was the least susceptible, with average infestation levels ranging between 0.6% and 12.7% and between 2.3% and 18.5% under rainfed and irrigated conditions, respectively. Among the table olive varieties, “Gordal Sevillana,” “Ascolana Tenera” and “Ocal” were the most susceptible (with average infestation levels reaching 39.7%, 36.5% and 33.3%, respectively), while “Callosina” was the least susceptible (with infestation levels of only 8.4%). Irrigation tended to promote both B. oleae infestation and its earlier occurrence compared to the rainfed condition. Even though the diameter and oil content were positively correlated with B. oleae fruit infestation (correlation coefficients ranged between 0.5 and 0.95), the present work reveals that other yet‐unknown factors may influence B. oleae oviposition preferences. The results of this study can be useful for breeding programmes to develop olive varieties resistant to B. oleae and provide key information for wide‐area olive fly pest management decisions.
Assessing in Vitro Acaricidal Effect and Joint Action of a Binary Mixture Between Essential Oil Compounds (Thymol, Phellandrene, Eucalyptol, Cinnamaldehyde, Myrcene, Carvacrol) Over Ectoparasitic Mite Varroa Destructor (Acari: Varroidae)

Abstract Varroa destructor (Anderson & Trueman, 2000) causes the most important parasitosis of beekeeping in the world. For this reason, prevention is needed to avoid colony death. The most typical treatments involve synthetic acaricides. However, the use of these acaricides results in the emergence of resistant populations of mites to these products and in the appearances of drug residues in products of the hives. Compounds of essential oils have emerged as an alternative to traditional acaricides; however the toxicity produced by these mixtures is currently poorly explored. The aim of this work was to assess, by means of in vitro tests with adult bees, how acaricidal action and toxic interactions in a binary mixture of essential oil compounds (Thymol, Phellandrene, Eucalyptol, Cinnamaldehyde, Myrcene, and Carvacrol) affect V. destructor. Calculations of LC50 ’s of the individual compounds on A. mellifera and V. destructor made clear that the toxic effect of each compound is different for both species. Thymol and Phellandrene turned out to be lethal for mites at lower concentrations than for bees. The binary mixture of these two substances presented a different toxicity than one produced by each pure compound, as it was highly selective for mites in bioassays at 24 hours through complete exposure to both A. mellifera and V. destructor. These results make such formulations optimal substances to be considered as alternative controls for the parasitosis.
Evolution at a high imposed mutation rate

Mutation is an evolutionary process that provides much of the genetic variation required for natural selection and genetic drift. The mutation rate is a major driving force behind evolution, but is also an evolved characteristic itself. Although there is much theoretical research into why it evolved to the rate it did, there is little experimental work that investigates how its alteration affects evolution. I created a novel system in which bacteriophage ΦX174 could be evolved at a mutation rate two orders of magnitude higher than wild-type. This system used a defective proofreading gene in the host polymerase to cause mutagenesis, and did not require the use of external mutagens which often conferred a biased mutational spectrum and harmful non-mutagenic effects. Replicate populations of ΦX174 were evolved in both wild-type and mutagenic conditions for approximately 300 generations. One mutagenic population displayed a faster rate of adaptation than the wild-type lines, acquiring many of the same adaptive mutations in a shorter time frame, and rapidly increasing in fitness. While the wild-type lines were characterised by periodic selective sweeps of individual mutations, the mutagenic conditions allowed many of these mutations to rise in frequency due to a single selective sweep. The other mutagenic population, however, evolved very differently, with an early decrease in fitness that it did not recover from. This population acquired many mutations not seen in the other lines, and lacked many of the common adaptive mutations. The mutation rate increase was not high enough to cause extinction of the viral population. The vastly different outcomes for the two replicate populations show that while an elevated mutation rate can in turn increase the rate of adaptation, it can also prevent it altogether by altering the genetic background and "locking out" potential adaptive mutations through negative epistasis.
Root growth response to nitrate in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

divided into half and termed a bi-layered medium (Fig. 1 ). The upper half ( 60 mm) was nitrate-free and the lower half ( 60 mm) contained 0 , 2 , 20 , 200 , and 2 , 000 μ M nitrate in the form of potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ). The gap between the two media was less than 1 mm, which was suffused with distilled water. Seedlings were cultured at 26± 1℃ under continuous lighting ( 31 . 5 μ mol m －2 sec －1 ) with 70％ relative humidity in a growth chamber (Biotron LH 200 , Nippon Medical and Chemical Instruments, Japan). The depth of the primary root and three coronal roots were measured daily as Summary: Root growth in rice seedlings was measured using a bi-layered agar medium, the upper half of which was nitrate free and the lower half of which contained different concentrations of nitrate. When the primary root grew up to approximately 15 mm in length, each germinated seed was transferred to a glass tube containing the bi-layered medium and cultivated at 25℃ under continuous lighting. In the japonica rice cultivars, Nipponbare and Kinmaze, the relative growth rate (RGR) of primary roots was highest between the first and second days after transplanting and gradually decreased. Although nitrate concentration had no effect on RGR in either cultivars, the bi-layered medium presented in this experiment would be useful for detecting nitrate sensing in roots, as change in root growth and proliferation of secondary roots were easily detected. ,
Decrease in artificial radiation with netting reduces stress and improves rabbit-eye blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum Aiton) ‘Ochlockonee’ productivity

Blueberry production under netting has increased in recent years to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different radiation intensities on rabbit-eye blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum Aiton) ‘Ochlockonee’ photosynthetic efficiency and productive parameters. Four treatments were established: T1 (control), T2, T3, and T4 at 0%, 30%, 60%, and 90% radiation decrease (RD), respectively, with black shedding netting. The following were recorded for each treatment: environmental conditions, photosystem II (PSII) maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), photosystem II effective quantum yield , leaf stomatal conductance (gs), quality parameters, and fruit yield. Results showed an increase of 4.6 oC in mean minimum temperatures for the different netting treatments, which promote development and fruit set, as well as prevent damage at temperatures near 0 oC. The RD treatments increased between 175% and 325% (P < 0.05) compared to the control. It can be concluded that netting decreased soil temperature between 1 and 3 oC and increased minimum temperatures between 1 and 6 oC, which promoted plant development and decreased frost damage during flowering and fruit development. Current direct radiation levels over 1000 µmol m-2 s-1 in V. virgatum inhibited productivity in T1. Netting decreased the degree of photoinhibition and increased photosystem II photochemical efficiency throughout the day, and T4 and T3 exhibited the highest efficiency.
CARPOSEMINAL BIOMETRY AND GERMINATION OF Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart.

Cabralea canjerana is a species that has ecological and economic importance for the Southern Brazil. This study aimed to characterize the biometry of fruits and seeds as well as the C. canjerana germinative process submitted to different substrates and temperatures. The biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds were analyzed with the aid of digital caliper. In the germination test, the substrates blotting paper, sand and vermiculite, and the temperatures of 20, 25 and 30 oC were used. The germination percentage, mean germination rate (MGR), mean germination time (MGT), synchronization index (SI), fresh mass (FS) and dry mass (DM) of seedlings were assessed. The highest germination percentages occurred for vermiculite at three temperatures, blotting paper at 25 °C and sand at 20 and 30 °C. There was seedling formation in all treatments. The use of the sand substrate and the temperatures of 25 and 30 °C provided lower mean values of MGT and SI and higher mean values of MGR. The highest DM occurred with sand at the temperature of 20 oC. The biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds varied. We recommend the use of vermiculite at temperatures of 20, 25 and 30 oC, blotting paper at 25 °C and sand at 20 and 30 °C for germination tests.
EVALUATION OF GREEN-AMPT INFILTRATION EQUATION IN SOME AGRICULTURAL SOILS IN MEXICO, USING USDA INFORMATION AND A MODIFIED METHOD FROM BROOKS AND COREY

An adequate representation of the water infiltration process in the soil allows improving the efficiency in application and the uniformity of surface irrigation. The Green-Ampt model has shown to be a good representation of the process, and researchers from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) determined the values of their parameters for USA soils, which are shown in tables or through functional relationships. This information is used as a reference in several parts of the world, although there is no certainty that they are representative of the local soils, as is the case in Mexico. In this study, the parameters of the Green-Ampt equation were determined and evaluated in some soils of agricultural importance in Mexico. The parameters were obtained in four manners: one of them applied a methodology adapted from Brooks and Corey to quantify the wetting front capillary pressure head and used an permeameter under constant hydraulic head to determine the saturated hydraulic conductivity, and the other three consisted in taking them from three studies reported by the USDA. The values of the parameters suggested in Mexico drastically underestimated the results with relative errors (RE) in the range of -49.0 to -94.0%. The most representative ones were those obtained with the methodology proposed in this research, with RE of -15.0 to 6.0%.
Reproductive performance of spiralling whitefly on guava and impact of weather parameters on its immature stages

The study was conducted to know the reproductive performance of spiralling whitefly on guava. Number of colony, eggs, 1 st instar, 2 nd instar, 3 rd instar and 4 th instar nymphs per five leaves ranged from 6 to 15, 8 to 32, 0 to 44, 0 to 22, 0 to 45 and 0 to 28, respectively. Maximum number of adults and nymphs were found in the month of January. Highest longevity of Aleurodicus dispersus (21.5 days) was recorded in adult while the lowest was in 2 nd instar nymph (6.4 days). The number of colony/leaf and number of 3 rd and 4 th instar nymphs of A. dispersus had significant positive correlation with minimum and maximum temperature while non-significant positive correlation is observed between the number of egg/colony, the number 1 st and 2 nd instar nymphs with minimum and maximum temperature. A. dispersus showed nonsignificant positive correlation with minimum and maximum relative humidity regarding number of colony/leaf, 2 nd instar nymph while nonsignificant negative correlation with 4 th instar nymph. SAARC J. Agri. , 15(2): 207-214 (2017)
Rôle de DSCAM dans le développement du circuit locomoteur spinal

v Table des matières. vi Liste des abréviations . ix Liste des tableaux . x Liste des figures . xi Remerciements . xiii Avant-propos . xiv Introduction générale . 1 1. La locomotion . 1 1.1 Le cycle de marche.1 1.2 Organisation centrale et périphérique du contrôle locomoteur . 4 1.2.1 Le contrôle supraspinal descendant : initiation et contrôle de la locomotion . 5 1.2.2 Les afférences périphériques: modifications de la locomotion . 6 1.2. 3 La moelle épinière : intégration des informations supraspinales et périphériques . 8 1.3 Le rythme et le patron locomoteurs sont générés au niveau de la moelle épinière . 9 2. La coordination des membres pendant la locomotion . 11 2.1 Chaque membre est contrôlé par un circuit spinal distinct . 12 2.2 Le rôle des interneurones propriospinaux . 13 3. Les interneurones spinaux : éléments clés du circuit locomoteur spinal . 14 3.1 Les interneurones dI6 . 16 3.2 Les interneurones V0.17 3.3 Les interneurones V1.18 3.4 Les interneurones V2.19 3.5 Les interneurones V3.20 3.6 Les interneurones Hb9 . 21 4. Les voies de signalisation moléculaire impliquées dans le développement du circuit locomoteur spinal . 22 4.1 Les éphrines . 23 4.2 Nétrine/DCC . 23 4.3 Les sémaphorines . 24
Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Effects of Etoricoxib in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis

Received:August 31, 2017, Revised:October 7, 2017, Accepted:October 8, 2017 Corresponding to:Yoon-Kyoung Sung, Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea. E-mail:sungyk@hanyang.ac. kr Copyright c 2017 by The Korean College of Rheumatology. All rights reserved. This is a Open Access article, which permits unrestricted non-commerical use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Original Article pISSN: 2093-940X, eISSN: 2233-4718 Journal of Rheumatic Diseases Vol. 24, No. 5, October, 2017 https://doi.org/10.4078/jrd.2017. 24.5. 293
Etude cellulaire et moléculaire de l’apoptose chez l’huître plate Ostrea edulis en réponse au parasite Bonamia ostreae

L’huitre plate, Ostrea edulis, est l’espece d’huitre endemique europeenne. Sa production est aujourd’hui reduite en raison de surpeches historiques et de maladies dont la bonamiose. En raison des fortes mortalites observees chez l’huitre creuse ces dernieres annees les conchyliculteurs tendent a vouloir diversifier leur production et manifestent un regain d’interet pour cette espece patrimoniale. Neanmoins, la bonamiose, maladie due au parasite protozoaire, Bonamia ostreae, reste un probleme majeur pour la production de cette espece. Les moyens de lutte contre cette maladie sont limites, mais necessitent de meilleures connaissances sur les interactions entre l’huitre plate et le parasite. De precedentes etudes ont suggere que l’apoptose est activee par l’huitre plate pour se defendre contre le parasite. Ce mecanisme est connu pour etre implique dans de nombreux processus biologiques dont la defense contre des organismes pathogenes. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif general de ce travail de these est de mieux caracteriser l’implication de l’apoptose dans la reponse de l’huitre plate a une infection a B. ostreae. Des outils ont tout d’abord ete developpes afin d’etudier le processus apoptotique d’un point de vue cellulaire en cytometrie en flux et microscopie ainsi que d’un point de vue moleculaire en mesurant l’expression de genes impliques dans l’apoptose. Ces outils ont alors ete utilises pour etudier les interactions entre O. edulis et B. ostreae in vitro et in vivo. Les resultats obtenus confirment l’implication de l’apoptose dans les mecanismes de defense de l’huitre plate en reponse a B. ostreae et mettent en evidence la capacite du parasite a dejouer ce mecanisme afin de survivre et se multiplier dans les hemocytes. Enfin, la reponse apoptotique a ete apprehendee chez l’huitre plate et l’huitre creuse dans le cadre d’expositions a divers micro-organismes : OsHV-1, Vibrio aestuarianus et des micro-algues.
A social–ecological study of stock structure and fleet dynamics in the Newfoundland herring fishery

A social–ecological study of stock structure and fleet dynamics in the Newfoundland herring fishery Barbara Paterson*, Barbara Neis, and Robert L. Stephenson School of the Environment, Department of Environmental Science, Saint Mary’s University, NS, Canada, B3H 3C3 Marine Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa Department of Sociology, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada A1C 5S7 Canadian Fisheries Research Network, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada Fisheries and Oceans, St. Andrews Biological Station, St. Andrews NB E5B 2L9, Canada *Corresponding author: tel: þ 1 902 491 6406; fax: þ 1 902 491 6406; e-mail: barbara.paterson@smu.ca
"Vitis vinifera" L. germplasm diversity: a genetic and ampelometric study in ancient vineyards in the South of Basilicata region (Italy)

The evaluation of the existing grapevine biodiversity in several areas still unexplored in Basilicata region has been carried out. A four year's survey in ancient vineyards of Potenza was performed to investigate grapevine biodiversity. 85 collected accessions were subjected to genetic characterization through nine microsatellite markers. A total of 42 genotypes were obtained. The comparison with national and international databases allowed the identification of 26 accessions corresponding to new autochthonous genotypes and minor/local cultivars, in addition 16 international and national cultivars commonly cultivated in several Italian regions were found (data not shown in this work). Results indicated that minor/local cultivars were mainly cultivated in the near regions. The genetic profile of 9 new autochthonous grapevines was described here for the first time. Comparison of the genotypes, allelic frequencies, allelic sizes and ampelometric traits on mature leaves are highlighted. Conservation of new autochthonous and minor/local cultivars in germplasm collections has been carried out by including them in the germplasm collection of CREA-VE in Arezzo in order to save grapevine biodiversity and allowing further agronomical and enological evaluation.
Inhibitory Effect of Bacillus velezensis on Biofilm Formation by Streptococcus mutans

Streptococcus mutans plays a key role in the development of dental caries and promotes the formation of oral biofilm produced by glucosyltransferases (GTFs). Bacillus velezensis K68 was isolated from traditional fermented foods and inhibits biofilm formation mediated by S. mutans. Gene amplification results demonstrated that B. velezensis K68 contained genes for the biosynthesis of 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ), a known GTF expression inhibitor. The presence of the GabT1, Yktc1, and GutB1 genes required for 1-DNJ synthesis in B. velezensis K68 was confirmed. Supernatant from B. velezensis K68 culture medium inhibited biofilm formation by 84% when S. mutans was cultured for 48 h, and inhibited it maximally when 1% glucose was added to the S. mutans culture medium as a GTF substrate. In addition, supernatant from B. velezensis K68 medium containing 3 ppb 1- DNJ decreased S. mutans cell surface hydrophobicity by 79.0 ± 0.8% compared with that of untreated control. The supernatant containing 1-DNJ decreased S. mutans adherence by 99.97% and 98.83% under sugar-dependent and sugar-independent conditions, respectively. S. mutans treated with the supernatant exhibited significantly reduced expression of the essential GTF genes gtfB, gtfC, and gtfD compared to that in the untreated group. Thus, B. velezensis inhibits the biofilm formation, adhesion, and GTF gene expression of S. mutans through 1- DNJ production. IMPORTANCE Dental caries is among the most common infectious diseases worldwide, and its development is closely associated with physiological factors of bacteria, such as the biofilm formation and glucosyltransferase production of Streptococcus mutans. Biofilms are difficult to remove once they have formed due to the exopolysaccharide matrix produced by the microorganisms residing in them; thus, inhibiting biofilm formation is a current focal point of research into prevention of dental caries. This study describes the inhibitory properties of Bacillus velezensis K68, an organism isolated from traditional Korean fermented foods, against biofilm formation by S. mutans. Herein, we show that B. velezensis inhibits the biofilm formation, adherence to surfaces, and glucosyltransferase production of S. mutans.