Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS PREECLAMPSIA AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING BANADIR AND MEDINA HOSPITALS IN MOGADISHU-SOMALIA

Background: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to another organ system, most often the liver and kidneys. It occurs as early as 20 weeks of the pregnancyAim the aim of this study was to explore the knowledge and attitude towards preeclampsia among pregnant women attending Banadir and Medina hospitals in Mogadishu-Somalia. Method: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Mogadishu Somalia. Systematic random sampling probability technique was carried out in 2 hospitals to recruited 384 women. Well-structured questionnaires were filled by participants who gave their consent. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences version 21. Descriptive data were generated and statistical inferences tested using the chi-square method with the level of significance set at 5%. Result The age of the respondents was between to14-50 with a mean age of the 32.49±5.9. the found that 54.3% of the participant were don’t know the preeclampsia. The women know poor diet as a cause of the preeclampsia, final the prevalence of preeclampsia in Banadir state, Somalia was 43%. Conclusion: The study recommended to the government of Somalia to generate both health education to the pregnant mother and increase the level of education of mother by offering free education to the women, in Somalia.
Hillslope hydrological modeling : the role of bedrock geometry and hillslope-stream interaction

Keywords: Hillslope hydrology, hydrological modeling, bedrock geometry, boundary condition, numerical solution. This thesis focuses on hillslope subsurface flow as a dominant control on the hydrological processes defining the catchment response to rainfall. Due to the difficulties associated with the three-dimensional equations, both in complexity and regarding the computational demand, focus is on 1D physically-based hillslope groundwater flow models. The main core of this research is to study how the simulated hillslope response, and specifically runoff generation, is affected by different simplifying assumptions concerning hillslope geometry and boundary conditions. Several generalizations have been made to incorporate the complexity of bedrock geometry in models of the hillslope hydrological response. In order to handle and compare these different models, a general and flexible numerical algorithm has been developed. Through the proposed numerical scheme several applications of these models are performed: (a) to investigate the role of the hillslope lower boundary condition on the groundwater response, (b) to study the role of bedrock geometry on the hillslope hydrological response, and (c) to approximate the hillslope response using the quasi-steady state approximation. Evaluation of the numerical scheme shows that it is flexible and capable to handle all these different models, which have been applied for different purposes, and that the mass balance is preserved. Evaluation of the developed models leads to the following general conclusions: (a) A head-discharge relationship as the hillslope lower boundary condition is a proper approach to model the coupled hillslope-stream system; (b) The recession characteristics of hillslopes depend on their bedrock profiles and local minima and maxima in the curved bedrock profile influence the groundwater head for small rainfall intensities; (c) The quasi-steady state approximation proves to be a simple but adequate method (both as a model and regarding computation time) to simulate the groundwater dynamics of hillslopes. In summary, this thesis aims to understand theoretically how hydrological processes (subsurface flow and water table dynamics) react to bedrock complexity and the hillslope lower boundary condition. The presented numerical scheme can be applied in many investigations of hillslope hydrology because of its generality and flexibility.
Variations in high‐latitude riverine fluorescent dissolved organic matter: A comparison of large Arctic rivers

Given the pace of climate change, it is important to better understand dissolved organic matter (DOM) storage and cycling in high‐latitude rivers and its subsequent export to the Arctic Ocean. To address this concern, excitation/emission matrix spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) coupled with optical indices were used to characterize the optical properties of fluorescent DOM (FDOM) and colored DOM (CDOM) in five large Arctic rivers over two seasonal cycles. Five PARAFAC components were identified and proved useful indicators for the quantitative and qualitative descriptions of DOM sources and modification processes within Arctic watersheds. In comparing Pan‐Arctic relationships between the optical properties and chemical properties of DOM, three components traced terrigenous biomarkers and two components are introduced as potential indicators for microbial processing. Conversely, no individual PARAFAC component could be directly linked to a specific plant source or river and simpler absorbance indices (i.e., a350) proved to be better suited to quantify dissolved organic carbon and lignin phenol concentrations. Differences in FDOM character between the rivers could be explained by general watershed characteristics, including vegetation, topography, and hydrology. Based on these differences, the influence of coniferous vegetation on DOM character is most apparent in the Lena and Yenisei Rivers and bog‐derived FDOM sources are more important in the Ob River. This study illustrates how increased hydrological connectivity in the Ob catchment and the abundance of lakes within the Mackenzie watershed may influence FDOM concentrations and the microbial processing of DOM within these watersheds.
Effet des arbres sur la diversité de la végétation herbacée dans les parcours communautaires du Nord - Sénégal (Afrique de l’Ouest)

La composition specifique des pâturages herbaces a ete etablie sous et hors des arbres de Acacia raddiana, Balanites aegyptiaca, Zizyphus mauriatiana en region sahelienne du Nord - Senegal, a partir des inventaires de la flore et des releves de vegetation. Ils ont ete soumis a differentes methodes d’analyse multivariee (AFC, ANOVA, Comparaison de moyennes…). Les resultats ont permis de distinguer nettement les releves effectues sous les arbres de ceux de la zone hors des arbres ; il existe ainsi un effet couvert. Celui-ci est comparable quels que soient l’espece ligneuse, le type de sol et/ou de parcours. L’effet arbre est associe a un cortege floristique compose d’especes dites « exclusives », des especes indifferentes ou des especes « communes » aux differents biotopes. Le nombre d’especes indicatrices du couvert des arbres ou especes sciaphiles est nettement plus eleve que celui des especes heliophiles. La richesse specifique est ainsi significativement plus importante sous l’arbre.
Permutations with Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomial P id , w ( q ) = 1 + q h

Using resolutions of singularities introduced by Cortez and a method for calculating Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials due to Polo, we prove the conjecture of Billey and Braden characterizing permutations w with Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomial Pid,w(q) = 1 + q h for some h.
Control of neglected tropical diseases.

In addition to malaria, tuberculosis, and human immunodeficiency virus infection, several other infectious diseases are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. In particular, 13 tropical diseases infect billions of people and cause disabilities such as blindness and heart failure, especially in persons who live in impoverished conditions. This review article describes approaches to the global control of these diseases.
DINÂMICA DA NUTRIÇÃO DA PESCADA-GÓ Macrodon ancylodon (BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, 1801) (TELEOSTEI: SCIAENIDAE), NA COSTA DO ESTADO DO MARANHAO

Este trabalho estuda a dinâmica de nutricao de Macrodon ancylodon na costa do Maranhao, abordando os aspectos biologicos da nutricao, complementando informacoes a Zona Economica Exclusiva Brasileira. Um total de 1183 especimes de Macrodon ancylodon foram amostrados mensalmente entre Setembro/97 e Novembro/99 em tres pontos ao longo da costa. Os individuos foram separados por sexo. Os valores obtidos do indice hepatossomatico corroboram com os encontrados para o fator de condicao e sao opostos aos valores do indice de replecao. Nao houve diferenca na dinâmica alimentar entre os sexos. ABSTRACT This paper studies the feeding dynamics of the de Macrodon ancylodon in the coast of the Maranhao, focusing on biological aspects of nutrition, thus providing importante additional information to Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone. A total of 1.183 specimens of de Macrodon ancylodon were sampled between September/97 and November/99 in a monthly basis in three sites along of the coast. The individuals had been separated by sex. Tthe values obtained with the hepatossomatic index corroborate the joined ones from the condition fator and are opposite of repletion index values. There was no difference in the alimentary dynamics between sexes.
Multiple organs failure in COVID-19 patients

: The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) in December 2019 form Wuhan, China leads to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 is accompanied by multi-organ failure in severe patients. The involvement of diﬀerent organs in severe patients results in lengthening the hospitalization duration and increasing the mortality rate. The multi-organ dysfunction is characterized by acute lung failure, acute liver failure, acute kidney injury, cardiovascular disease
Applied linguistics

Language proficiency testing has long played a role as both facilitator and barrier in global migration. This paper outlines how Canada and other traditional migrant destination countries use English-language proficiency testing for immigration, asylum and resettlement, and citizenship. It identifies commonalities between these three related areas of migration and the covert values that are often embedded in the required test scores. It identifies different approaches for conducting research under the umbrella of Shohamy’s (2001) Critical Language Testing and concludes with language testing research and advocacy suggestions specific to the Canadian context.
Influence of ecoregion and river type on neotropical Chironomidae (Diptera) from humid mountain to semiarid lowland

Introduction: Chironomidae (Diptera) is the most widespread and abundant aquatic insect family in freshwater ecosystems. Chironomids are considered good indicators of water quality but are seldom identified at the genus level in broad spatial scale studies. Objective: To identify environmental conditions associated with chironomids in an altitudinal gradient. Methods: We compared ecoregions, river types, and seasons, for chironomids in neotropical streams and rivers (18 river sites; 2014-2018; Yungas rainforest and Western Chaco dry forest, Argentina). We used non-metric multidimensional scaling, dissimilarity, envfit analysis and rank-abundance curves. Results: Chironomid “assemblages” matched both ecoregions and river types. However, ecoregions presented a better fit with species composition. The stenothermal taxa of Orthocladiinae were dominant at high elevations and the eurythermal Chironominae in lowland rivers. Altitude, water temperature and conductivity were important. Seasonal differences were smaller than ecoregional differences. Conclusions: Ecoregions, altitude, water temperature and conductivity correlated with chironomid communities. Orthocladiinae were dominant at high elevations and Chironominae in lowland rivers.
Comparison between different radiological scoring systems in predicting post-PCNL outcome

Background: Various scoring systems, including Guy's stone score (GSS), S.T. O.N. E. score, and Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society (CROES) nomogram, have been assessed for predicting post-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) success in terms of stone-free status (SFS) and complications. Our study aims to determine the optimal predictor of SFS among these systems and assess their efficacy in predicting perioperative factors and complications, using modified Clavien grade. Methods: This prospective hospital-based cohort study involved 107 patients aged ≥18 years who underwent standard PCNL (tract size >24 Fr) within a year. GSS, S.T. O.N. E. score, and CROES nomogram were calculated using preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans. Comparisons between 'stone-free' and 'residual-stone' groups were statistically analyzed. Results: All parameters effectively predicted SFS. S.T. O.N. E. score exhibited excellent discriminatory power (AUC 0.844; 95% CI: 0.762-0.907), followed by GSS (AUC 0.756; 95% CI: 0.663-0.834) and CROES nomogram (AUC 0.749; 95% CI: 0.656-0.828). S.T. O.N. E. score, with an AUC of 0.844, proved the most accurate predictor at ≤7 cut-off. GUY's score correlated positively with operative time and hospital stay (correlation coefficient 0.403, 0.34). S.T. O.N. E. score also positively correlated with these factors (correlation coefficient 0.443, 0.37). CROES nomogram negatively correlated with operative time and hospital stay (correlation coefficient -0.374, -0.314). Conclusions: All scoring systems effectively predict post-PCNL SFS, with S.T. O.N. E. score being the most predictive. GSS and S.T. O.N. E. score associate significantly with operative time and hospital stay. Both GSS and S.T. O.N. E. score show significant associations with perioperative complications assessed by modified Clavien grade.
ON FIXED DIVISORS OF THE MINIMAL POLYNOMIALS OVER Z OF ALGEBRAIC NUMBERS

A BSTRACT . Let K be a number ﬁeld of degree n , A be its ring of integers, and A n (resp. K n ) be the set of elements of A (resp. K ) which are primitive over Q . For any γ ∈ K n , let F γ ( x ) be the unique irreducible polynomial in Z [ x ] , such that its leading coefﬁcient is positive and F γ ( γ ) = 0. Let i ( γ ) = gcd x ∈ Z F γ ( x ) , i ( K ) = lcm θ ∈ A n i ( θ ) and ˆ ı ( K ) = lcm γ ∈ K n i ( γ ) . For any γ ∈ K n , there exists a unique pair ( θ , d ) , where θ ∈ A n and d is a positive integer such that γ = θ / d and θ (cid:54)≡ 0 ( mod p ) for any prime divisor p of d . In this paper, among other results, we show that i ( K ) and ˆ ı ( K ) have the same prime factors and we study the possible values of ν p ( d ) when p | i ( γ ) . We introduce and study a new invariant of K deﬁned using ν p ( d ) , when γ describes K n . In the last theorem of this paper, we establish a generalisation of a theorem of MacCluer.
Denudation of the Côte d'Ivoire‐Ghana transform continental margin from apatite fission tracks

Apatite fission track analysis of samples from the shoulder (marginal ridge) of the Côte d'Ivoire‐Ghana transform continental margin reveal a cooling of the margin between 85 and 65 Ma for the central and eastern parts of the ridge. All samples were heated in situ during sedimentary burial with a temperature >120 °C, except for two samples located in the eastern part which were heated between 105 and 120 °C. For the first time, age/depth diagram along a transform margin shows a shape involving erosion starting at the bottom of the continental slope, then stepping backwards towards the edge of the slope. This retrogressive erosion can result from the deepening of the lithospheric plate sliding along the transform margin, from thick continental crust to thin continental crust, and finally to oceanic crust. This process could be at the origin of the shoulder uplift by flexural response to the important crustal discharge (>2 km).
Routing Algorithms for Recursively-Defined Datacenter Networks

The server-centric datacenter network architecture can accommodate a wide variety of network topologies. Newly proposed topologies in this arena often require several rounds of analysis and experimentation in order that they might achieve their full potential as datacenter networks. We propose a family of novel routing algorithms for completely-connected recursively-defined datacenter networks that are immediately applicable to the well-known datacenter networks (Generalized) DCell and FiConn. Our routing algorithms involve the concept of proxy search and we show, via an extensive experimental evaluation, that our methodology leads to significant improvements in terms of hop-length, faulttolerance, load-balance, network-throughput, end-toend latency, and workload completion time when we compare our algorithms with the existing routing algorithms for (Generalized) DCell and FiConn.
Precise relative earthquake location using surface waves

Earthquake locations provide a fundamental tool for seismological investigations. While dense seismic networks can provide robust locations, accuracy and precision of these locations suffer outside dense networks. This is particularly true in offshore areas, where location analysis relies heavily on distant seismic observations. We present a method for estimating precise relative seismic source epicentroid locations using surface waves. Several reasons, including lower velocities and strength of the signal at distance, make use of surface waves for event location appealing. We focus on the Panama Fracture Zone region and relocate 81 strike‐slip earthquakes to produce tectonically consistent epicentroid locations. The resulting pattern of earthquakes more clearly delineates recently active regional structures than original body‐wave locations. The mean shift between the US Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center epicenter and our epicentroids is about 14 km (the median is about 11 km), and typical origin time changes are generally less than ±2 s. We find that north of 6.5°N, the plate boundary motion is split across two roughly north‐south striking structures, the Panama and Balboa Fracture zones. For the last 36 years, slip along these two structures roughly matches slip along the Panama Fracture Zone to the south (from 4.5°N to 6.25°N), but the Balboa Fracture zone has roughly three times the moment than the northern Panama Fracture Zone. Our analyses show that observed Rayleigh‐wave signal‐to‐noise ratios for moderate‐to‐large shallow earthquakes are suitable for applying the procedure and that Rayleigh‐wave observations form a self‐consistent set of constraints on the relative location of earthquake centroids.
Quantifying the effect of oxidation on landfill methane emissions

Field, laboratory, and computer modeling methods were utilized to quantitatively assess the capability of aerobic microorganisms to oxidize landfill-derived methane (CH4) in cover soils. The investigated municipal landfill, located in Nashua, New Hampshire, was operating without gas controls of any type at the time of sample collection. Soil samples from locations of CH4 flux to the atmosphere were returned to the laboratory and subjected to incubation experiments to quantify the response of oxidation in these soils to temperature, soil moisture, in situ CH4 mixing ratio, soil depth, and oxygen. The mathematical representations of the observed oxidation reponses were combined with measured and predicted soil characteristics in a computer model to predict the rate of CH4 oxidation in the soils at the locations of the measured fluxes described by Czepiel et al. [this issue]. The estimated whole landfill oxidation rate at the time of the flux measurements in October 1994 was 20%. Local air temperature and precipitation data were then used in conjunction with an existing soil climate model to estimate an annual whole landfill oxidation rate in 1994 of 10%.
Coupled mesoscale–microscale modeling of air quality in a polluted city using WRF-LES-Chem

To perform realistic high-resolution air quality modeling in a polluted urban area, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used with an embedded large-eddy simulation (LES) module and on-line chemistry. As an illustration, a numerical experiment is conducted in the megacity of Hong Kong, which is characterized by multi-type inhomogeneous pollution sources and complex topography. The results from the multi-resolution simulations at mesoscale and LES scales are evaluated by comparing them with ozone sounding proﬁles and surface observations. The comparisons show that both mesoscale and LES simulations reproduce the mean concentrations of the chemical species and their diurnal variations at the background stations well. However, the mesoscale simulations largely underestimate the NO x concentrations and overestimate O 3 at the roadside stations due to the coarse representation of the trafﬁc emissions. The LES simulations improve the agreement with the measurements near the road trafﬁc, and the LES with the highest spatial resolution (33.3 m) provides the best results. The large-eddy simulations show more detailed structures in the spatial distributions of chemical species than the mesoscale simulations, highlighting the capability of LES to resolve high-resolution photochemical transformations in urban areas. Compared to the mesoscale model results, the LES simulations show similar evolutions in the proﬁles of the chemical species as a function of the boundary layer development over a diurnal cycle.
Bayesian flood frequency analysis with paleohydrologic bound data

It is valuable to construct likelihood functions that rigorously incorporate measurement errors and annual peak discharge, historical, and paleohydrologic bound information in Bayesian flood frequency analyses. Estimates of primary posterior modes for common three‐parameter frequency distributions are constructed using simulated annealing and the simplex method. Parameter and flood frequency probability intervals are calculated directly by systematic parameter space integration. Bayesian flood frequency analyses with annual peak discharge, historical, and paleohydrologic bound data for the Santa Ynez River, California, and the Big Lost River, Idaho, demonstrate that paleohydrologic bounds reduce quantile biases by placing large observed peak discharges in their proper long‐term contexts and substantially narrow peak discharge confidence intervals when estimating floods with low exceedance probabilities.
On Ornithosaurian Remains from the Oxford Clay of Huntingdonshire

Mr friend Mr. Thomas Jesson recently forwarded to me a few small associated bones obtained from the Oxford Clay of St. Ives, Huntingdonshire, which are of a certain amount of interest as being the only specimens referable to a Pterodactyle hitherto described from these deposits in England, or, indeed, so far as I am aware, in any other part of Europe. The specimens comprise seven vertebræ, portions of the ilia and ischia of both sides; one femur and the distal portion of the corresponding bone of the opposite side; part of a bone, probably from the shaft of the tibia; and two undetermined fragments. When they came into my hands they were partially bedded in their native clay, and their broken surfaces show the pyritous impregnation so characteristic of Oxfordian specimens. The Ornithosaurian nature of the specimens is at once shown by the hollow shafts of the long bones and the structure of the vertebræ, the latter having procœlous centra, with complete obliteration of the neuro-central suture. The two fragments of the femur (fig. 3), which I have placed in apposition, do not exactly fit together, so that there may be a portion missing from the middle of the shaft, and it is quite possible that I have not put the proper distal half in apposition with the proximal one. The bones indicate an individual of somewhat smaller size than the examples of the Lower-Kimeridgian Rhamphorhynchus Gemmingi figured by Professor von Zittel in the ‘Palæontographica,’ vol. xxix. pl. xii. The