Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systematic Specific Surface Area Analyses on Rocks to Implement as a Necessary, Quick, and Informative Method to Understand Geo-Mechanical Parameter in IOR Experiments

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The FTT-CAN protocol: why and how

The requirement for flexible operation is becoming increasingly important in modern industrial systems. This requirement has to be supported at all system levels, including the field level in process industry, as well as the cell and machine control levels in manufacturing industry, where fieldbus-based communication systems are commonly found. Furthermore, typical applications at these levels require both time- and event-triggered communication services, in most cases under stringent timing constraints, to convey state data in the former case and alarms and management data in the latter. However, neither the requirement for flexible operation under guaranteed timeliness nor for joint support of time and event-triggered traffic are efficiently fulfilled by most of existing fieldbus systems. This paper presents a new protocol, flexible time-triggered communication on controller area network, which fulfills both requirements: it supports time-triggered communication in a flexible way as well as being an efficient combination of both time- and event-triggered traffic with temporal isolation. These types of traffic are handled by two complementary subsystems, the synchronous and the asynchronous messaging systems, respectively. The paper includes a justification for the new protocol as well as its description and worst case temporal analysis for both subsystems. This analysis shows the capability of the protocol to convey real-time traffic of either type.
Comprehensive DNA Adduct Analysis Reveals Pulmonary Inflammatory Response Contributes to Genotoxic Action of Magnetite Nanoparticles

Nanosized-magnetite (MGT) is widely utilized in medicinal and industrial fields; however, its toxicological properties are not well documented. In our previous report, MGT showed genotoxicity in both in vitro and in vivo assay systems, and it was suggested that inflammatory responses exist behind the genotoxicity. To further clarify mechanisms underlying the genotoxicity, a comprehensive DNA adduct (DNA adductome) analysis was conducted using DNA samples derived from the lungs of mice exposed to MGT. In total, 30 and 42 types of DNA adducts were detected in the vehicle control and MGT-treated groups, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) against a subset of DNA adducts was applied and several adducts, which are deduced to be formed by inflammation or oxidative stress, as the case of etheno-deoxycytidine (εdC), revealed higher contributions to MGT exposure. By quantitative-LC-MS/MS analysis, εdC levels were significantly higher in MGT-treated mice than those of the vehicle control. Taken together with our previous data, it is suggested that inflammatory responses might be involved in the genotoxicity induced by MGT in the lungs of mice.
Managing Emerging Information Security Risks during Transitions to Integrated Operations

The Norwegian Oil and Gas Industry is adopting new information communication technology to connect its offshore platforms, onshore control centers and the suppliers. The management of the oil companies is generally aware of the increasing risks associated with the transition, but so far, investment in incident response (IR) capability has not been highly prioritized because of uncertainty related to risks and the present reactive mental model for security risk management. In this paper, we extend previous system dynamics models on operation transition and change of vulnerability, investigating the role of IR capability in controlling the severity of incidents. The model simulation shows that a reactive approach to security risk management might trap the organization in low IR capability and lead to severe incidents. With a long-term view, proactive investment in IR capability is of financial benefit.
A Computer Simulation Study of Diffraction Tomography

The filtered backprojection algorithm of X-ray tomography and the filtered backpropagation algorithm developed recently by the author for diffraction tomography are tested in computer simulations of ultrasonic tomography of two-dimensional objects for which the Rytov approximation is valid. It is found that the filtered backprojection algorithm gives unsatisfactory results even for wavelengths much smaller than the smallest scale over which the object varies. The filtered back-propogation algorithm yields, in all cases studied, high-quality reconstructions which are simply low-pass filtered versions of the actual object profile. It is shown that the filtered backpropagation algorithm can be approximated by a modified backprojection algorithm having essentially the same computation requirements as filtered backprojection, but yielding considerably higher quality object reconstructions.
Oxidative stress parameters as markers of the different trimesters in normal pregnancy

Pregnancy has been associated with changes in physiologic and metabolic functions accompanied by a high metabolic demand and elevated requirements for tissue oxygen with eventual increase in oxidative pressure on the antioxidant defence system of the body. Thus, it was based on this premise that some markers of pro-oxidant- antioxidant status of pregnancy compared with non-pregnant state were assessed including, marker of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidise (GPx). A total of 41 apparently healthy female volunteers were used for this study made up of 36 pregnant females at different trimester of pregnancy, categorised into three (3) groups of 12 each per trimester, and whose ages ranged between 19 years and 40 years. Standard biochemical assays were employed in the assessment of these markers. The level of lipid peroxidation (MDA) increased progressively for the pregnant subjects (p<0.05) at the third trimester (18.2mmole/ml) compared to the non-pregnant controls (2.3mmole/ml); an increase in SOD activity was also observed (p<0.05) at the third trimester (8.9U/ml) compared to the control (6.3U/ml) contrary to some other researches; while decrease in CAT (9.2U/ml) and GPx (7.8U/ml) activities at the third trimester compared to the non-pregnant control (p<0.05) (307.5U/ml and 9.4U/ml, respectively) were also observed. There was an observed increase in the body mass index, BMI, from first trimester, 26.4kg/m 2 and second trimester, 38.4 kg/m 2 to the third trimester, 42.7 kg/m 2 , compared to the control, 33.7 kg/m 2 supporting the claims that pathologic conditions associated with pregnancy become more prominent with increase in BMI. Thus, these biochemical markers of oxidative stress, viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) can serve as markers to assess the stages of pregnancy and also can be used to differentiate pathologic and nonpathologic pregnant conditions. Keywords: Antioxidants; Pregnancy; Pro-oxidants; Trimesters; Free radicals; Body mass index
An evolutionary sampling approach for classification with imbalanced data

In some practical classification problems in which the number of instances of a particular class is much lower/higher than the instances of the other classes, one commonly adopted strategy is to train the classifier over a small, balanced portion of the training data set. Although straightforward, this procedure may discard instances that could be important for the better discrimination of the classes, affecting the performance of the resulting classifier. To address this problem more properly, in this paper we present MOGASamp (after Multiobjective Genetic Sampling) as an adaptive approach that evolves a set of samples of the training data set to induce classifiers with optimized predictive performance. More specifically, MOGASamp evolves balanced portions of the data set as individuals of a multiobjective genetic algorithm aiming at achieving a set of induced classifiers with high levels of diversity and accuracy. Through experiments involving eight binary classification problems with varying levels of class imbalancement, the performance of MOGASamp is compared against the performance of six traditional methods. The overall results show that the proposed method have achieved a noticeable performance in terms of accuracy measures.
From Grid Middleware to a Grid Operating System

Grid computing has made substantial advances during the last decade. Grid middleware such as globus has contributed greatly in making this possible. There are, however, significant barriers to the adoption of grid computing in other fields, most notably day-to-day user computing environments. We will demonstrate in this paper that this is primarily due to the limitations of the existing grid middleware which does not take into account the needs of everyday scientific and business users. In this paper we will formally advocate a grid operating system and propose an architecture to migrate grid computing into a grid operating system which we believe would help remove most of the technical barriers to the adoption of grid computing and make it relevant to the day-to-day user. We believe this proposed transition to a grid operating system will drive more pervasive grid computing research and application development and deployment in future
Human Behavior Dynamics in Online Social Media: A Time Sequential Perspective

We present an empirical analysis of human behavior dynamics in online social media from a time sequential perspective. By analyzing the users’ inter-event time distribution between two consecutive actions and fitting with accurate numerical method, we find that the users’ behavior pattern follows the heavy tailed or power-law distribution both in collective and individual scale, not the traditional Poisson processes hypothesis. With the estimating of the personal actions’ time sequential self-similarity, we find that the individual behavior can be predicted to some extent. We propose a more fine-grained method to eliminate the effect of individual non-regular behaviors on modeling in cascading non-homogeneous Poisson process model, and the simulated fitting results are more close to the actual human behaviors’ characters.
Towards a comprehensive view of dust events from multiple satellite and ground measurements: exemplified by the May 2017 East Asian dust storm

Abstract. One or several aspects of the source, distribution, transport, and optical properties of airborne dust have been characterized using different types of satellite and ground measurements, each with unique advantages. In this study, a dust event that occurred over the East Asia area in May 2017 was exemplified to demonstrate how all the above-mentioned aspects of a dust event can be pictured by combining the advantages of different satellite and ground measurements. The data used included the Himawari-8 satellite Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) true-colour images, the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) aerosol vertical profiles, the Aura satellite Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aerosol index images, and the ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) aerosol properties and the ground station particulate matter (PM) measurements. From the multi-satellite/sensor (AHI, CALIOP, and OMI) time series observations, the dust storm was found to originate from the Gobi Desert on the morning of 3 May 2017 and transport north-eastward to the Bering Sea, eastward to the Korean Peninsula and Japan, and southward to south-central China. The air quality in China deteriorated drastically: the PM10 (PM < 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter) concentrations measured at some air quality stations located in northern China reached 4333 µg m−3. At the AOE_Baotou, Beijing, Xuzhou-CUMT, and Ussuriysk AERONET sites, the maximum aerosol optical depth values reached 2.96, 2.13, 2.87, and 0.65 and the extinction Ångström exponent dropped to 0.023, 0.068, 0.03, and 0.097, respectively. The dust storm also induced unusual aerosol spectral single-scattering albedo and volume size distribution.
Capitalist Entrepreneurship: Making Profit through the Unmaking of Economic Orders

This is a theoretical paper in which we attempt to present an economic and sociological theory of entrepreneurship. We start from Schumpeter's idea in Theory of Economic Development that the economy can be conceptualized as a combination and innovations as new combinations. Schumpeter also spoke of resistance to entrepreneurship. By linking the ideas of combination and resistance, we are in a position to suggest a theory of capitalist entrepreneurship. An existing combination, we propose, can be understood as a social formation with its own cohesion and resistance  what may be called an economic order. Actors know how to act; and profit is low and even in these orders. Entrepreneurship, in contrast, breaks them up by creating new ways of doing things and, in doing so, produces entrepreneurial profit. This profit inspires imitators until a new order for how to do things has been established; and profit has become low and even once more. Entrepreneurship is defined as the act of creating a new combination that ends one economic order and clears the way for a new one. The implications of this approach for a number of topics related to entrepreneurship are also discussed.
Smoothed aggregation for Helmholtz problems

We outline a smoothed aggregation algebraic multigrid method for 1D and 2D scalar Helmholtz problems with exterior radiation boundary conditions. We consider standard 1D finite difference discretizations and 2D discontinuous Galerkin discretizations. The scalar Helmholtz problem is particularly difficult for algebraic multigrid solvers. Not only can the discrete operator be complex‐valued, indefinite, and non‐self‐adjoint, but it also allows for oscillatory error components that yield relatively small residuals. These oscillatory error components are not effectively handled by either standard relaxation or standard coarsening procedures. We address these difficulties through modifications of SA and by providing the SA setup phase with appropriate wave‐like near null‐space candidates. Much is known a priori about the character of the near null‐space, and our method uses this knowledge in an adaptive fashion to find appropriate candidate vectors. Our results for GMRES preconditioned with the proposed SA method exhibit consistent performance for fixed points‐per‐wavelength and decreasing mesh size. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EEG-based Emotion Recognition Using Self-Organizing Map for Boundary Detection

This paper presents an EEG-based emotion recognition system using self-organizing map for boundary detection. Features from EEG signals are classified by considering the subjects’ emotional responses using scores from SAM questionnaire. The selection of appropriate threshold levels for arousal and valence is critical to the performance of the recognition system. Therefore, this paper investigates the performance of a proposed EEG-based emotion recognition system that employed self-organizing map to identify the boundaries between separable regions. A study was performed to collect 8 channels of EEG data from 26 healthy right-handed subjects in experiencing 4 emotional states while exposed to audio-visual emotional stimuli. EEG features were extracted using the magnitude squared coherence of the EEG signals. The boundaries of the EEG features were then extracted using SOM. 5-fold cross-validation was then performed using the k-nn classifier. The results showed that proposed method improved the accuracies to 84.5%.
Relative risk estimation and inference using a generalized logrank statistic

When comparing two survival distributions with proportional hazard functions, the logrank test is optimal for testing the null hypothesis that the constant hazard ratio (relative risk) is one. In this paper, we focus on (i) testing for departures from a relative risk other than one, and (ii) estimation of the relative risk. The standard tool to address both (i) and (ii) is the Cox proportional hazards model. However, the performance of the Cox model can be less than optimal with small samples. We show why this is the case, and propose a simple alternative method of estimation and inference based on a generalized logrank (GLR) statistic. While the GLR and Cox model approaches are asymptotically similar, empirical results reveal that the GLR approach is notably more efficient than the Cox model when the number of subjects is small (< 100 subjects per treatment group). An example based on survival times of cervical cancer patients is used to illustrate the proposed methodology. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety Assessment of Autonomous Cars using Verification Techniques

A common requirement for autonomous cars is a safe locomotion which is evaluated by the method of hybrid verification applied online. The approach checks avoidance of static obstacles and dynamic traffic participants, which are described by imprecise data on their positions and velocities. The nonlinear dynamics of the autonomous car and other traffic participants is conservatively abstracted to Markov chains, which allows the efficient computation of their future positions probabilistically. The result is the probability of a crash for a given time horizon, showing if a given control strategy may lead to unsafe situations.
POSH: A Profiler-Enhanced TLS Compiler that Leverages Program Structure

As Thread-Level Speculation (TLS) architectures are becoming better understood, it is important to focus on the role of TLS compilers. In systems where tasks are generated in software, the compiler has a major performance impact: while it does not need to prove the independence of tasks, its choices of where and when to generate speculative tasks are key to overall TLS performance. This paper presents POSH, a new, fully automated TLS compiler built on top of gcc-3.5. POSH is based on two design decisions. First, to partition the code into tasks, it relies on the subroutine and loop structure of the code. Second, it uses a profiling pass that takes into account both the parallelism and the data prefetching effects provided by the speculative tasks. With the code generated by POSH, a TLS chip multiprocessor with 4 3-issue cores delivers an average speedup of 1.28 for whole SpecInt 2000 applications. Moreover, the profiler increases its effectiveness by 17% if it considers the data prefetching effects of speculative tasks.
Exploiting opportunities in V2V transmissions with RSU-assisted backward delivery

The vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) data transmissions in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) have been applied in many areas including the Internet of Vehicles, mobile data offloading, and mobile crowdsensing. The V2V-based data delivery that is opposite to the direction of a vehicle is called a backward delivery against the traffic flow, and it is blocked by an existing problem: a traffic hole. Under the backward delivery with a traffic hole problem, there are no available vehicles that can move the data to its destination using the movement-assisted routing protocol; the data move in the direction opposite to that of the vehicle's motion. In this paper, we investigate backward data delivery under the traffic hole problem in order to provide more opportunities for V2V data transmissions. To mitigate the impact of the traffic hole on the backward data delivery, we propose an RSU-Assisted Backward Delivery scheme (RABD) which employs the roadside units (RSUs) as low-cost relays instead of traditional access points. RABD combines two methods of data delivery: one based on backward data forwarding among vehicles and another which is forwarded by the RSU. To reduce resource consumption, we investigate the single-copy scheme and consider the tradeoffs of both methods. Our extensional simulations verify the effectiveness of our proposed schemes.
Self-establishing communities enable cooperative metabolite exchange in a eukaryote

Metabolite exchange among co-growing cells is frequent by nature, however, is not necessarily occurring at growth-relevant quantities indicative of non-cell-autonomous metabolic function. Complementary auxotrophs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae amino acid and nucleotide metabolism regularly fail to compensate for each other's deficiencies upon co-culturing, a situation which implied the absence of growth-relevant metabolite exchange interactions. Contrastingly, we find that yeast colonies maintain a rich exometabolome and that cells prefer the uptake of extracellular metabolites over self-synthesis, indicators of ongoing metabolite exchange. We conceived a system that circumvents co-culturing and begins with a self-supporting cell that grows autonomously into a heterogeneous community, only able to survive by exchanging histidine, leucine, uracil, and methionine. Compensating for the progressive loss of prototrophy, self-establishing communities successfully obtained an auxotrophic composition in a nutrition-dependent manner, maintaining a wild-type like exometabolome, growth parameters, and cell viability. Yeast, as a eukaryotic model, thus possesses extensive capacity for growth-relevant metabolite exchange and readily cooperates in metabolism within progressively establishing communities. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.09943. 001
Extensive Rearrangement of the Arabidopsis Mitochondrial Genome Elicits Cellular Conditions for Thermotolerance1[W][OA]

Three nuclear genes involved in plant mitochondrial recombination surveillance have been previously identified. Simultaneous disruption of two of these genes, MutS Homolog1 (MSH1) and RECA3, results in extensive rearrangement of the mitochondrial genome and dramatic changes in plant growth. We have capitalized on these changes in mitochondrial genome organization to understand the role mitochondria play in plant cellular and developmental processes. Transcript profiling of the double mutants grown under normal conditions revealed differential regulation of numerous nuclear genes involved in stress responses together with increased levels of polyadenylated mitochondrial transcripts. We show that extensive rearrangement of the mitochondrial genome in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) directly elicits physiological stress responses in plants, with msh1 recA3 double mutants exhibiting enhanced thermotolerance. Likewise, we show that mitochondrial transcriptional changes are associated with genome recombination, so that differential gene modulation is accomplished, at least in part, through altered gene copy number.