Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associated efficiency of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and vitamin E in ameliorating adverse effects of ochratoxin A on biochemical profile and immune response in broiler chickens

The associated efficacy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and vitamin E, in ameliorating ochratoxicosis was investigated in broiler chickens. Day-old broiler chicks (320) were divided into 8 treatment groups, viz. T1 (control; basal diet); T2 (T1 + 150 ppb OTA); T3 (T2 + 0.05% SC + 100 mg vitamin E-VE); T4 (T2 + 0.075% SC + 100 mg VE); T5 (T2 + 0.1% SC + 100 mg VE); T6 (T2 + 0.05% SC + 200 mg VE); T7 (T2 + 0.075% SC + 200 mg VE) and T8 (T2 + 0.1% SC + 200 mg VE/kg diet). Each diet was fed to 5 replicated groups of 8 birds from 0â€“42 days of age. The total serum protein, cholesterol and haemoglobin content of control group (T1) was higher than that of ochratoxin fed group (T2). The serum protein, cholesterol and haemoglobin value in groups T5, T7 and T8 was higher than T2 but statistically similar to that of control. The serum uric acid, creatinine, ALP, SGOT, SGPT and H/L ratio value in T1 was lower than that of T2. The uric acid, creatinine, ALP, SGOT, SGPT and H/L ratio value in T5, T7 and T8 was lower than T2 and statistically similar to that of control. The CMI and HA titre value of T1 was higher than that of T2. The CMI and HA titre value in T5, T7 and T8 was higher than that of T2 but statistically similar to that of control. It can be concluded that ochratoxin contamination at the rate of 150 ppb in the feed resulted in decreased total serum protein, cholesterol and haemoglobin content and increased serum uric acid, creatinine, ALP, SGOT, SGPT and H/L ratio value. Inclusion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 0.1% level along with 100 mg vitamin E or Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 0.075% level along with 200 mg vitamin E/kg diet to the ochratoxin (150 ppb) contaminated feed ameliorated the adverse effects of ochratoxicosis on biochemical profile and immune response in broiler chickens.
Improving the Consistency of Conditional Probability Assessments for Forecasting and Decision Making

"Public agencies are very keen on amassing statistics-they collect them, add them, raise them to the nth power, take the cube root and prepare wonderful diagrams. But what you must never forget is that every one of those figures comes in the first instance from the village watchman, who just puts down what he damn pleases. " Sir Josiah Stamp The assessment of the conditional probabilities of events is useful and needed for forecasting, planning, and decision making. In this paper the difficulties associated with the assessment of these conditional probabilities are examined. The necessary and sufficient conditions that the elicited information on conditional probabilities must satisfy are evaluated against actual assessments in several different controlled settings. A high frequency of implicit violations of the probability calculus was observed. The consistency of the assessments is affected by the causal/diagnostic and positive/negative relationships of the events. Use of a judgmental aid in the form of a joint probability table reduces the number of inconsistent responses significantly. Using the probability axioms, it is also shown that only the first order conditional probabilities need be assessed, as higher order probabilities are robust to the unconditional and first order conditional assessments.
On the Magnetism and Electronic Conduction of Itinerant Magnetic System Ca1-xSrxRuO3

Electrical resistivity ρ and magnetic susceptibility of sintered Ca 1- x Sr x RuO 3 have been measured. The Weiss temperature changes sign at about x =0.5 in consistent with other studies. Temperature dependence of normalized ρ is almost identical for all the materials in the paramagnetic temperature range irrespective of the sign of magnetic interaction. The Rhodes-Wolfarth ratio is 1.3 for x =1. This ratio and the temperature dependence of ρ suggest that 4 d -electrons in this system are in the intermediately localized state as in Ni. The sign of magnetic interaction is discussed in connection with the orthorhombic lattice distortion, and the antiferromagnetic interaction is attributed to this distortion.
Demographic and disease‐related factors impact on cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain levels in multiple sclerosis

Neurofilament light (NfL) levels reflect inflammatory disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS), but it is less clear if NfL also can serve as a biomarker for MS progression in treated patients without relapses and focal lesion accrual. In addition, it has not been well established if clinically effective treatment re‐establishes an age and sex pattern for cerebrospinal fluid NfL (cNfL) as seen in controls, and to what degree levels are affected by disability level and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) atrophy metrics.
Performance comparison of some likelihood ratio-based statistical surveillance methods

Abstract Using Markov chain representations, we evaluate and compare the performance of cumulative sum (CUSUM) and Shiryayev–Roberts methods in terms of the zero- and steady-state average run length and worst-case signal resistance measures. We also calculate the signal resistance values from the worst- to the best-case scenarios for both the methods. Our results support the recommendation that Shewhart limits be used with CUSUM and Shiryayev–Roberts methods, especially for low values of the size of the shift in the process mean for which the methods are designed to detect optimally.
A Novel Anti-TRPV6 Antibody and Its Application in Cancer Diagnosis In Vitro

Though the first discovery of TRPV6 channel expression in various tissues took place in the early 2000s, reliable tools for its protein detection in various cells and tissues are still missing. Here we show the generation and validation of rabbit polyclonal anti-TRPV6 channel antibodies (rb79–82) against four epitopes of 15 amino acids. Among them, only one antibody, rb79, was capable of detecting the full-length glycosylated form of the TRPV6 channel at around 100 kDa. The generated antibody was shown to be suitable for all in vitro applications, such as immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence, etc. One of the most important applications is immunohistochemistry using the paraffin-embedded sections from cancer resection specimens. Using prostate cancer resection specimens, we have confirmed the absence of the TRPV6 protein in both healthy and benign hyperplasia, as well as its expression and correlation to the prostate cancer grades. Thus, the generated rabbit polyclonal anti-TRPV6 channel antibody rb79 is suitable for all in vitro diagnostic applications and particularly for the diagnosis in clinics using paraffin-embedded sections from patients suffering from various diseases and disorders involving the TRPV6 channel.
Two-Way Particle-Tracking Model for Specifying Sources of Drifting Objects: Application to the East China Sea Shelf

Abstract The two-way Lagrangian particle-tracking model (PTM) is proposed for specifying sources of objects drifting with random-walk processes on the sea surface. First, to determine object source candidates, modeled particles are released from the point (hereafter, “receptor”) where an observer finds the objects using a backward-in-time PTM with modeled ocean currents of which directions are reversed in sign. Second, the modeled particles are released from these source candidates in a forward-in-time PTM using ocean currents originally computed in hydrographic models. Third, the source candidates are considered to be reliable at a 5% significance level if the observed receptor is located inside the ellipse whose center is the mean position of the modeled particles at the time when the observer found the objects and whose axis length is twice the standard deviation computed using all modeled particle positions. The two-way PTM experiments are carried out in a realistic hydrographic model over the East Ch.
Effects of Feeding Different Levels of Sprouted Barley on Fermentation Characteristics, Bacterial Quantification, and Rumen Morphology of Growing Lambs

Simple Summary Sprouted barley has been proposed as one of the solutions to the feed challenge faced by livestock producers. The current hypothesis is that replacing traditional feed for growing lambs with sprouted barley could develop the rumen ecosystem by improving nutrient digestibility, fermentation through change in volatile fatty acid, and some bacteria. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of feeding sprouted barely on the performance, digestibility, rumen fermentation profile, bacterial quantification, and rumen morphology of lambs. Sprouted barley improved digestibility and rumen histomorphometric and increased the concentration of some volatile fatty acids and rumen bacteria, but decreased dry and organic matter intake, negatively affecting the weight gain of lambs fed 100% with sprouted barley. Abstract The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of sprouted barley inclusion level on the growth performance, digestibility, volatile fatty acids, bacterial quantification, and rumen morphology of growing lambs. Five dietary treatments with sprouted barley (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) and nine replicates per dietary treatment were performed on forty-five Awassi lambs (90 days old). The average weight gain, intake, and digestibility of dry and organic matter were recorded. The pH, color, volatile fatty acids, bacterial quantification, and rumen histomorphometry were also determined. The results showed that the average dry and organic matter intake in T2 to T4 and the average weight gain in T4 decreased linearly. In contrast, the digestibility of dry and organic matter by sprouted barley (T2 to T4) was higher. The pH values and rumen color were not affected. Concentrations of formic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, and the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid were increased, while lactic acid and total volatile fatty acids were lower in all levels of sprouted barley. In addition, lambs fed T4 had a higher quantification of Anaerovibrio Lipolytica, Butyrivibrio Fibrisolvens, and Streptococcus Bovis quantification. Selenomonas Ruminantium was higher in T1, T2, and T4, whereas Megashpaera Elsdenii was lower in T1 to T3. The rumen histomorphometric was improved by sprouted barley (T2 and T3). Sprouted barley improved digestibility and rumen histomorphometry and increased the concentration of some volatile fatty acids and rumen bacteria but resulted in a decrease in average dry and organic matter intake, which negatively affected weight gain in lambs fed 100 % sprouted barley. Further studies are required to determine the potential effects on growing lambs fed sprouted barley.
Natural variation in the binding pocket of a parasitic flatworm TRPM channel resolves the basis for praziquantel sensitivity

Significance The drug praziquantel has been used for decades to treat infections caused by parasitic flatworms, including schistosomiasis which afflicts over 200 million people worldwide. Most flukes and tapeworms display high sensitivity to praziquantel; however, the molecular basis for the unique sensitivity of some, but not all, parasites to praziquantel is unclear. Here, we comprehensively analyzed sequence variation in the binding pocket of a flatworm ion channel target of praziquantel, known as TRPMPZQ, and define a key residue that underpins the exquisite sensitivity of trematode and certain cestodes to praziquantel. This insight provides impetus for designing new drugs that treat various parasitic flatworm infections where treatments are currently lacking or where improvements over praziquantel could be realized.
Comptonization by cold electrons

We derive analytic approximations to the Green's functions for scattering of photons by cold electrons in finite media of various geometries. We first compute the probabilities of a photon to escape spherical and plane-parallel, semi-infinite media after n scatterings, and compare these results to those previously obtained by the ''scattering time'' method. Green's functions are then obtained by combining these probabilities with the wavelength distribution after n scatterings. To illustrate our results, we compute the emergent spectra from input blackbody and bremsstrahlung spectra in the geometries mentioned above.
Optimal Icosahedral Copper-Based Bimetallic Clusters for the Selective Electrocatalytic CO2 Conversion to One Carbon Products

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reactions can lead to high value-added chemical and materials production while helping decrease anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Copper metal clusters can reduce CO2 to more than thirty different hydrocarbons and oxygenates yet they lack the required selectivity. We present a computational characterization of the role of nano-structuring and alloying in Cu-based catalysts on the activity and selectivity of CO2 reduction to generate the following one-carbon products: carbon monoxide (CO), formic acid (HCOOH), formaldehyde (H2C=O), methanol (CH3OH) and methane (CH4). The structures and energetics were determined for the adsorption, activation, and conversion of CO2 on monometallic and bimetallic (decorated and core@shell) 55-atom Cu-based clusters. The dopant metals considered were Ag, Cd, Pd, Pt, and Zn, located at different coordination sites. The relative binding strength of the intermediates were used to identify the optimal catalyst for the selective CO2 conversion to one-carbon products. It was discovered that single atom Cd or Zn doping is optimal for the conversion of CO2 to CO. The core@shell models with Ag, Pd and Pt provided higher selectivity for formic acid and formaldehyde. The Cu-Pt and Cu-Pd showed lowest overpotential for methane formation.
Investigating the relationship between authentic leadership and athletes' commitment, positive affect, and perceived teammate prosocial behaviour via trust and team culture

Authentic leadership is a genuine form of leadership in which leaders demonstrate behaviours in line with their moral values. Research has started to examine this leadership style and its impact on a range of athlete outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether coaches’ authentic leadership, as perceived by their athletes, is related to athletes’ commitment, positive affect and perceived teammate prosocial behaviour via trust and team culture. Participants were 366 (240 females, Mage = 21.07) athletes, participating mostly in team sports, who completed questionnaires assessing the aforementioned variables. Using multilevel path analysis, we found that authentic leadership was positively related to athletes' commitment and positive affect via trust and team culture, as well as to perceived teammate prosocial behaviour via trust. Our findings enhance our understanding of authentic leadership in sport and highlight its importance in predicting a range of outcomes. The findings suggest that authentic leadership in coaches could be key to creating more positive environments in sport.
Motion and orientation of magnetic field dips and peaks in the terrestrial magnetosheath

[1] Using data from the four Cluster spacecraft, estimates of the motion of isolated magnetic field dips and peaks in the magnetosheath are presented. Their motion and orientation are deduced using four-spacecraft timing, with typical spacecraft separations of ∼100 km. A set of 39 clear isolated dips and 12 peaks, spread over 4 days, is considered. The calculated velocities in the plasma frame are scattered around zero, with a width of ∼30 km/s and an average absolute value of 21 km/s. This places an upper limit on the speed of these structures, and within timing errors these values are consistent with the structures being stationary in the plasma frame. Two events had estimated speeds of over half the local Alfven speed; it is shown that these two estimates were unreliable as a result of uncertainties in timings. The inferred propagation speeds were typically slower than local wave speeds (95% less than half the local Alfven speed), even allowing for their orientations (85% less than the slow mode speed and 56% less than half of it). These results are consistent with the structures being stationary in the plasma frame, as expected for mirror modes, rather than being propagating waves or solitons. In addition, they are not consistent with structures standing in the flow. However, it is not possible to eliminate the possibility that a small number of the structures may have been slowly propagating. The normals of the structures deduced from the timings suggest that they are cylinders rather than sheets and that the maximum variance direction is a reliable estimate of their axis orientation, with a precision of ∼20° for maximum/intermediate eigenvalue ratios of 10 or more.
Graph of a Nearring with Respect to an Ideal

We introduce a concept called the graph of a nearring N with respect to an ideal I of N denoted by G I (N). Then we define a new type of symmetry called ideal symmetry of G I (N). The ideal symmetry of G I (N) implies the symmetry determined by the automorphism group of G I (N). We prove that if I is a 3-prime ideal of a zero-symmetric nearring N then G I (N) is ideal symmetric. Under certain conditions, we find that if G I (N) is ideal symmetric then I is 3-prime. Finally, we deduce that if N is an equiprime nearring then the prime graph of N is ideal symmetric.
Functional Aerogels Composed of Regenerated Cellulose and Tungsten Oxide for UV Detection and Seawater Desalination

Functional aerogels composed of regenerated cellulose and tungsten oxide were fabricated by implanting tungsten-oxide nanodots into regenerated cellulose fiber. This superfast photochromic property benefitted from the small size and even distribution of tungsten oxide, which was caused by the confinement effect of the regenerated cellulose fiber. The composite was characterized using XRD and TEM to illustrate the successful loading of tungsten oxide. The composite turned from pale white to bright blue under ambient solar irradiation in five seconds. The evidence of solar absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) demonstrated the fast photochromic nature of the composite and its mechanism. Furthermore, carbon fiber filled with preferential growth tungsten-oxide nanorods was obtained by annealing the photochromic composite in a N2 atmosphere. This annealed product exhibited good absorption across the whole solar spectrum and revealed an excellent photothermal conversion performance. The water evaporation rate reached 1.75 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun illumination, which is 4.4 times higher than that of pure water. The photothermal conversion efficiency was 85%, which shows its potential application prospects in seawater desalination.
The development of travelling waves in a simple isothermal chemical system II. Cubic autocatalysis with quadratic and linear decay

The possibility of travelling reaction-diffusion waves developing in the isothermal chemical system governed by the cubic autocatalytic reaction A + 2B → 3B (rate k3ab 2) coupled with either the linear decay step B → C (rate k2b) or the quadratic decay step B + B → C (rate k4b2) is examined. Two simple solutions are obtained,namely the well-stirred analogue of the spatially inhomogeneous problem and the solution for small input of the autocatalyst B. Both of these suggest that, for the quadratic decay case, a wave will develop only if the non-dimensional parameter k ═ k4/k 3a0 < 1 (where a0 is the initial concentration of the reactant A), with there being no restriction on the initial input of the autocatalyst B. However, for the linear decay case the initiation of a travelling wave depends on the parameter v ═ k2/k3a20 and that, in addition, there is an input threshold on B before the formation of a wave will occur. The equations governing the fully developed travelling waves are then considered and it is shown that for the quadratic decay case the situation is similar to previous work in quadratic autocatalysis with linear decay, with a necessary condition for the existence of a travelling-wave solution being that K < 1. However, the case of linear decay is quite different, with a necessary condition for the existence of a travelling wave solution now found to be v < 1/4 Numerical solutions of the equations governing this case reveal further that a solution exists only for v < vc, with vc ≈ 0.0465, and that there are two branches of solution for 0 < v < vc. The behaviour of these lower branch solutions as v → 0 is discussed. The initial-value problem is then considered. For the quadratic decay case it is shown that the uniform state a ═ a0, b ═ 0 is globally asymptotically stable (i. e. a → a0, b → 0 uniformly for large times) for all k > 1. For the linear decay case it is shown that the development of a travelling wave requires β0 > v (where β0 is a measure of the initial input of B) for v < vc. These theoretical results are then complemented by numerical solutions of the initial-value problem for both cases, which confirm the various predictions of the theory. The behaviour of the solution of the equations governing the travelling waves is then discussed in the limits K → 0, v → 0 and K → 1. In the first case the solution approaches the solution for K ═ 0 (or v =0) on the length scale of the reaction-diffusion front, with there being a long tail region of length scale O(K-1) (or O(v-1)) in which the autocatalyst B decays to zero. In the latter case we find that the concentration of reactant A is 1 + O[(1 - k)] and autocatalyst B is O[(1 - k2] with the thickness of the reaction-diffusion front becoming large, of thickness O[(1- k)-3/2].
Moroccan EFL Public University Instructors’ Perceptions and Self-Reported Practices of Written Feedback

Background. Since the 1990s, teachers’ written corrective feedback (WCF) has been recognized as vital in addressing linguistic issues or product aspects of writing. However, it is necessary to go beyond error correction and focus on written feedback (WF) that concerns other areas of process writing. Still, teachers’ thinking on these issues is often an under-explored area. Purpose. This study aimed to explore EFL instructors’ perceptions and their self-reported practices of product- and process-based WF in the writing context of tertiary education. Methods. The exploratory quantitative study collected data from 51 Moroccan EFL writing instructors through a self-developed questionnaire. The questionnaire items regarding perceptions and self-reported practices were valid and acceptable for factor analysis of nine subscales covering the features of product- and process-based WF, and all of them proved to be reliable. This structure allowed several comparisons during data analysis. Results. Concerning product-oriented WF, participants perceived applying WCF and WF modes on the written text as important techniques. As part of process-based WF, most of them highly valued effective WF modes in the writing process. Regarding their self-reported practices of product-based WF, instructors stated that they often employed WF modes on the written text. Within the process-based WF, they reported using judgemental feedback and effective WF modes as their most frequent practices. The comparisons between perceptions and self-reported practices showed mismatches in four subscales, including WCF, content-based WF related to macroaspects of writing, developing evaluative judgement, and effective WF modes in the writing process. Thus, instructors admitted the importance of WF in these areas although they acknowledged applying their practices less frequently. Conclusions. This study verified the psychometric properties of a self-constructed questionnaire, which was justified to be appropriate to explore teachers’ perceptions and self-reported practices regarding WF. The results obtained from the different subscales support the effectiveness of WCF and allow the exploration of a new conceptualisation of WF as a process.