Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Challenges, Constraints and Failures That are Related to the Posterior Sagittal Anorectoplasty Approach to Anorectal Malformations in a Low-Resource Context: An Experience from a Sudanese Tertiary Referral Centre

Background: Anorectal malformations (ARMs) in the sub-Saharan Africa are a common cause of neonatal referral for intestinal obstruction, and the posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) approach is rapidly spreading. The small number of paediatric surgeons and the low-resource context limit children's access to care and constrain the quality of results. A retrospective, observational study has been done on a consecutive series of ARM cases admitted to a Sudanese tertiary paediatric surgical centre within the framework of a partnership between Italian and Sudanese academic institutions addressed to review and upgrade the standard of care of major congenital anomalies. Materials and Methods: The authors collected 94 ARM cases in a 3 years' period. Conditions on referral, operative procedures, post-operative course and follow-up were recorded and examined. Their correlations with complications and outcome were analysed. Results: The male/female ratio was 47/47. Eighty patients presented with an untreated ARM; 66 had a divided stoma and 14 had already a PSARP procedure, followed by a poor outcome or sequelae. In 25% of the cases, colostomy required re-doing. In 57 cases, a staged PSARP (primary or re-do) was done. Surgical-site infections occurred in nine patients. Some patients were lost to follow-up after preliminary colostomy. Post-operative dilatation programme suffered from the lack of systematic follow-up, and colostomy closure was possible in 46% of the cases due to problems in travelling and accessing hospital care. Anal stenosis was frequently observed among unfollowed patients. Conclusion: Despite PSARP's widespread adoption in Africa, the risk of complications and failures is high. Primary management is often inappropriate, and a high rate of colostomy-related complications is observed. Poverty and lack of transportation reduce attendance to follow-up, hampering the final results. Investments in healthcare facilities and retention of trained health providers are needed to improve the standard of care.
Release of interlayer potassium in Norwegian grassland soils

Potassium (K) release from sources that are not initially exchangeable is attributed to depletion of interlayer K of micas and clay minerals or weathering of feldspars. The aim of the present study was to estimate the K release from interlayer K. Soil samples from 17 field experiments in ley on a range of mineral soils in Norway were used in the study. The change in K-fixation capacity was used as an estimate of depletion of interlayer K. It was assumed that the increase in K-fixation capacity during 3 yr of cropping was equivalent to the amount of K depleted from the interlayer positions. Mean K fixation increased in the majority of the soils during 3 yr of grass cropping both with and without K application. The increase in K fixation indicated that without K application, the K uptake from interlayer K amounted to 43%, 28%, and 26% of the K yield for clay soils, high-K sandy soils, and low-K sandy soils, respectively. Including K uptake from exchangeable K in the topsoil and from subsoil, the explained K uptake amounted to 79%, 69%, and 81% for the three groups of soil, respectively. Simple linear-regression analyses showed that the change in K fixation during 3 yr of grass cropping was best explained by the percentage of clay in the soil. Freisetzung von Zwischenschicht-Kalium in norwegischen Grasland-Boden Die Freisetzung von Kalium (K) aus nicht austauschbaren Quellen wird der Entnahme von K aus Zwischenschichten von Glimmern und Tonmineralen oder der Verwitterung von Feldspaten zugeschrieben. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, die K-Entnahme aus der Zwischenschicht abzuschatzen. Bodenproben von 17 Feldversuchen in Grasland auf verschiedenen Mineralboden in Norwegen wurden fur diese Studie herangezogen. Die Veranderung des K-Fixierungsvermogens wurde zur Schatzung der K-Entnahme aus der Zwischenschicht herangezogen. Dabei wurde angenommen, dass der Anstieg des K-Fixierungsvermogens uber die drei Anbaujahre der K-Menge entsprach, die aus den Zwischenschicht-Positionen entfernt wurde. Im Grosteil der Boden stieg die durchschnittliche K-Fixierung uber die dreijahrige Grasanbauphase ohne K-Dungung an. Der Anstieg der K-Fixierung deutet darauf hin, dass die K-Aufnahme von Zwischenschicht-K 43 % des K-Ertrages fur tonige Boden, 28 % fur sandige Boden mit hohem K-Gehalt und 26 % fur sandige Boden mit niedrigem K-Gehalt betrug. Unter Einbeziehung der K-Aufnahme von austauschbarem K aus dem Oberboden und aus dem Unterboden betrug die nachgewiesene K-Aufnahme 79, 69 bzw. 81 % fur die jeweiligen Bodengruppen. Nach dem Ergebnis der einfachen linearen Regression ist die Veranderung der K-Fixierung uber drei Jahre mit Grasanbau am besten mit dem Prozentanteil Ton im Boden erklarbar.
Incidence of Depression and Anxiety in a Cohort of Adolescents with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence of clinically diagnosed depression and anxiety in adolescents with NAFLD. METHODS This was a prospective, longitudinal cohort study between January 1, 2012 and July 1, 2018 conducted in a Children's Hospital Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic. Participants included adolescents age 12-17 years at baseline with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD. The primary outcomes were having depression and/or anxiety based upon a clinical diagnosis established by a physician or psychologist. The rates of depression and anxiety were measured at baseline and longitudinally throughout follow-up. RESULTS 160 adolescents with NAFLD were followed for a mean of 3.8 years. At baseline, 8.1% had a diagnosis of depression. During follow-up, an additional 9.5% (95% CI, 4.7%-14.3%) developed depression. The incidence density of depression was 27 new cases per 1000 person-years at risk. In adolescents with NAFLD, 6.3% had anxiety at baseline and 6.7% (95% CI, 2.6%-10.7%) developed anxiety during follow-up. The incidence density of anxiety was 18 new cases per 1000 person-years at risk. The change in alanine aminotransferase was significantly worse for adolescents with NAFLD who developed depression compared to those who did not develop depression (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with NAFLD had a high incidence of clinically diagnosed depression and anxiety. The rates were higher than expected relative to the available data in the general population. Addressing this mental health burden will require efforts at both the patient level and the systems level.
Alcohol use and misuse: a profile of adolescents from 2018 Italian HBSC data.

OBJECTIVE Alcohol remains the most commonly substance used by adolescents.The aim of the study was to draw a comprehensive picture of the behavioural patterns that characterize alcohol use and abuse among 15-year-olds. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study sample included 18,918 15-year-olds participating in the 2018 Italian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey. A Bayesian approach was adopted for selecting the manifest variables associated with alcohol consumption; a latent class regression model was employed to identify health-related risk patterns associated with alcohol use. RESULTS 21% of our sample represented the cluster of heavy drinkers who shared other risk behaviours: heavy smoking habits (29%), cannabis (68%), gambling (52%) and drunkenness (76%) experience, binge drinking (96%) and sexual intercourse (51%). CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm multiple risk-taking behaviours among adolescents tending to cluster in behavioural patterns. This has implications for public health policies and must be considered when planning interventions and prevention strategies.
Effect of Alkyl Chains Length on Ferroelectric Properties of Km/n and KLLm/n Homologous Series

In this work, a phenomenological thermodynamic model is used to describe the temperature variations of spontaneous polarization P0, tilt angle θ0, and helical pitch p of Sm C* phase near Sm A–Sm C* phase transition in two homologous series, Km/n and KLLm/n, of ferroelectric mesogens. The free-energy density of the system is written in terms of tensor orientational order parameter Qij, scalar smectic order parameter ψ, vector polarization order parameter P, and the resulting couplings between these order parameters. The tilt vector ξ is not considered an independent order parameter, as that Qij governs ξ. Adopting usual method, we evaluate the relative contribution of each individual term of the expansion series and the values of P0, θ0 and p as a function of temperature for the eleven ferroic mesogens, and found that the theoretical results agree very well with the experimental data of all the mesogens.
Work Flow Experience in the Light of Leader-Member Exchange and Person-Job Fit Theories

Based on the positive psychology approach, the present study claims that Leader-Member Exchange Theory and Person-Job Fit Theory could be significant antecedents of flow experience in the workplace, as individuals living in the 21st century spend most of their lives at work. Flow experience is a source of high motivation for employees in terms of both cognitive and emotional functions. Therefore, the concept can cause many psychological states of well-being, such as having fun, feeling happy, or optimism. For this reason, it is quite important for the organizational behavior discipline to define the concept in detail and to focus on possible antecedents. In accordance with this purpose, a cross-sectional research study has been performed in Turkey with the participation of 711 white-collar employees from various companies in the service sector in Istanbul, Turkey. The findings of the research show that high quality manager–employee relationships had significant positive impacts on employees’ flow experience (β = 0,801; t = 35,664; p = ,000). In addition, a good match between person and job had significant positive impacts on employees’ flow experience (β = 0,559; t = 17,968; p = ,000). Thus, the proposed hypothesis 1 and hypothesis 2 of the study were supported. The results indicated that leader-member exchange and person-job fit are antecedents of flow experience in the workplace (p < 0,05). In the present study, all study variables are reviewed and the possible relationships among the study variables are discussed in the literature review part. Finally, the implications of the study for both the individual and the organization are presented in the conclusion and discussion section.
Nonaffine Deformation and Elasticity of Polymer Networks

We demonstrate that the origin of the nonlinear elasticity of polymer networks rests in their nonaffine deformations. We introduce the affine length Raff, which separates the solid-like elastic deformations on larger scales from liquid-like nonaffine deformations on smaller scales. This affine length grows with elongation λ as Raff ∼ λ3/2 and decreases upon compression as Raff ∼ λ1/2. The behavior of networks on scales up to Raff is that of stretched or compressed individual chains (we call them affine strands). The affine strands are stretched in the elongation direction and confined and folded in the effective tubes in the compression direction. The fluctuations of affine strands determine the diameters of the confining tubes a, which change nonaffinely with the network deformation a ∼ λ1/2. Our model gives a unified picture of deformations of both phantom and entangled networks and leads to a stress−strain relation that is in excellent agreement with experiments.
Potential benefits of dietary seaweeds as protection against COVID-19

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Japan is not as disastrous as it is in other Western countries, possibly because of certain lifestyle factors. One such factor might be the seaweed-rich diet commonly consumed in Japan. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the cell surface and downregulates ACE2, likely elevating the ratio of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) to ACE2. The overreaction of the immune system, combined with the cytokine storm and ACE dominance, is purported to cause the condition of COVID-19 patients to deteriorate rapidly. Dietary seaweeds contain numerous components, including ACE inhibitory peptides, soluble dietary fibers (eg, fucoidan, porphyran), omega-3 fatty acids, fucoxanthin, fucosterol, vitamins D3 and B12, and phlorotannins. These components exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral effects directly as well as indirectly through prebiotic effects. It is possible that ACE inhibitory components could minimize the ACE dominance caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, dietary seaweeds might confer protection against COVID-19 through multiple mechanisms. Overconsumption of seaweeds should be avoided, however, as seaweeds contain high levels of iodine.
Efficacy and Safety of Combination Comprising Tamsulosin and PDE5-Is, Relative to Monotherapies, in Treating Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Erectile Dysfunction Associated With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Meta-Analysis

We report safety and efficacy of a combination therapy, comprising tamsulosin and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is), relative to monotherapy, to ascertain its potential in treating lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) after 3 months’ treatment. We screened MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register databases, for randomized controlled trials, and obtained eight articles comprising 1144 participants. Results showed that the combination group had superior outcomes with regard to International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Qmax, compared to the other two groups. The combination group also had superior efficacy with regard to International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) than the tamsulosin group, but not over the PDE5-Is group. Further, the combination group showed better efficacy in IPSS voiding and quality of life (QoL) compared to the PDE5-Is group. An analysis of safety outcomes revealed extremely high adverse events (AEs) and pain in the combination group. However, therapy discontinuation due to pain and AEs did not increase with increase in AEs. Overall, our findings indicate that a combination of tamsulosin and PDE5-Is is superior to individual tamsulosin and PDE5-Is monotherapy, with regard to improving LUTS and ED secondary to BPH.
Early-Life Circumstances, Health Behavior Profiles, and Later-Life Health in Great Britain

Objectives: Drawing on UK Household Longitudinal Study data, this study assessed a pathway from early-life disadvantage to suboptimal later-life health via health behavior. Methods: Latent class analysis was used to identify distinct smoking, nutrition, alcohol, and physical activity health behavior profiles. Mediation analyses were performed to assess indirect effects of early-life disadvantage via health behavior on allostatic load, an objective measure of physiological wear and tear. Results: Four health behavior profiles were identified: (1) broadly healthy and high alcohol consumption, (2) low smoking and alcohol consumption, healthy nutrition, and physically inactive, (3) broadly unhealthy and low alcohol consumption, and (4) broadly moderately unhealthy and high alcohol consumption. Having grown up in a higher socioeconomic position family was associated with lower later-life allostatic load. This was partly attributable to health behavioral differences. Discussion: Growing up under disadvantageous socioeconomic circumstances may initiate a chain of risk by predisposing people to health behavior profiles associated with poorer later-life health.
The future of long‐term monitoring following catheter and surgical intervention for atrial fibrillation

Monitoring following catheter or surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) is an essential tool used to assess outcomes for research purposes and help guide clinical decision making. The most commonly used methods to monitor for postintervention AF include a variety of ambulatory external electrocardiogram monitors, cardiac implantable electronic devices, and more recently, direct to consumer digital health technologies. The traditional metric of ablation success, recurrence > 30 s at 1 year, is below the detection capabilities of almost all monitoring techniques yet still undervalues the efficacy of AF interventions. Measures of AF burden reduction and duration give a more complete assessment of the impact of AF surgeries and ablation. As it is increasingly being recognized that AF burden and duration is related to stroke risk, long‐term, inexpensive, noninvasive monitoring methods are needed. Smart phones and watches with AF‐detecting capabilities, which are increasingly being used by the majority of U.S. adults, have emerged as viable options to achieve this goal, shifting the paradigm of AF monitoring to a more patient‐centered approach.
Characterization of the Na+ delivery from roots to shoots in rice under saline stress: Excessive salt enhances apoplastic transport in rice plants

Abstract Sodium transport to the shoots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants grown under salt stress conditions was characterized. The rate of Na+ transport to shoots increased exponentially depending on the increase in the NaCl concentration of the rooting solution, however, the rates were independent of the plant transpiration. Excessive NaCl in the rooting solution was found to enhance apoplastic transport in rice plants by using the apoplastic dye, 3-hydroxy-5,8,10-pyrene trisulfonic acid (PTS) and Fluostain I (also known as Calcoflour White M2R New). The results suggest that excessive Na+ in the rooting solution enlarges the apoplastic pathways, which facilitates Na+ intrusion into the xylem vessels, resulting in an excessive accumulation of Na+ in rice shoots.
Crystal structure of the defect clathrate-I, Ba8Ge43

BagGe43, cubic, Pmln (No. 223), a = 10.6565(2)Ä,V= 1210.2 Ä, Z= 1, R&l(F) = 0.036, wRrei(F) = 0.055, T= 293 K. Source of material BasGe43 was prepared as single phase by melting the elements in an open glassy carbon crucible (HF furnace, argon atmosphere) and annealing at 1068 Κ (6 d). The single crystals were obtained from the as-cast sample. The substance is silvery metallic, brittle, relatively stable in air and moisture. EDX analysis of bulk samples resulted in the chemical composition Ba8.o(i)Ge42.9(i). Experimental details The lattice parameters were determined from the least-squares refinement of the 2Θ values of 54 reflections (18° < 2Θ < 100°, powder data). The X-ray powder data were obtained on the sample with nominal composition BasGe43 (λ(ΟιΚαι) = 1.540598 Ä; LaB6 standard, a = 4.15695(6) Ä). Discussion Ba8Ge43 was first obtained as a by-product of the decomposition of Ba3Ge4C2 [ 1 ] at 1123 Κ (1 h) under high pressure (ca. 40 kb). The BagGe43 structure (upper part of the figure) belongs to the clathrate-I type with Pearson symbol cP(54-3). Refined occupancies of Ge( 1), Ge(31) and Ge(32) positions resulted in the chemical composition BagGe42.93(5). Only the Ge(l) site is deficient in germanium. Consequently, the neighbouring Ge(3) position splits into the two near sites Ge(31) and Ge(32) (Table 2). The latter occurrs only if Ge(l) is empty. Similar results were obtained for the A8Sn44a2 clathrates, A = K, Rb, Cs [2,3]. A short range ordered model of the vacancies (•) in the germanium environment of Ba(2) atoms is shown in the lower part of the figure (atomic distances in Ä). The investigation of the possible long range ordering in long time annealed samples is in progress. Per formula unit, 31 germanium atoms are fourfold bonded (4b) and 12 germanium atoms in the Ge(31) sites are threefold bonded (3b). The compound may be formulated as (Ba)8((3b)Ge-)i2((4b)Ge°)3i(4e-). According to this, BagGc43D3 is a Zintl phase with a few electrons in not localized antibonding states of the network or in conduction bands. Semimetallic or metallic properties are expected [4, 5], Table 1. Data collection and handling. Crystal: silvery metallic, platelike, size 0 . 0 2 x 0 . 1 5 x 0 . 2 5 mm Wavelength: Mo Ka radiation (0.71073 Ä) μ: 326.16 cm" Diffractometer, scan mode: Nicolet R3m/V, ω 2Gmax: 55.04° N(hkl)measured, N(hkl)unique: 1892,273 Criterion for /0bs, N(hkl)gL. /obs > 2 <7(/obsJ, 209 N(param)Kiined'· 19 Programs: SHELXL-97 [6], ATOMS [7] Table 2. Atomic coordinates and displacement parameters (in Ä). Atom Site Occ. χ y ζ fiso Ge(31) 24k 0.505(4) 0 Ge(32) 24* 0.495 0 0.3073(3) 0.1124(3) 0.0133(8) 0.3332(3) 0.1314(3) 0.0190(9) * Correspondence author (e-mail: carrillo@cpfs.mpg.de)
Impact of high-pressure treatment on casein micelles, whey proteins, fat globules and enzymes activity in dairy products: a review

Abstract The quality and safety of food products are the two factors that most influence the demands made by consumers. Contractual food sterilization and preservation methods often result in unfavorable changes in functional properties of foods. High-pressure processing (HPP) (50–1000 MPa) is a non-thermal preservation technique, which can effectively reduce the activity of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms with minimal impact on the functional and nutritional properties of food. Comprehensive inquires have disclosed the potential profits of HPP as an alternative to heat treatments by affecting the structure of milk components, particularly proteins and fats. The present paper aims to investigate the effects of HPP on milk components including fats, casein, whey proteins, enzymes, and minerals, as well as on the industrial production of milk and dairy products including cheese, yogurt, ice cream, butter, cream, and probiotic dairy products. HPP allows to extend shelf life of products without the use of additives, meeting current consumer demands. The assurance of microbial safety and the production of food products with minimal changes in quality characteristics (organoleptic, nutritional, and rheological properties) are among its main effects. In addition, the nutritional value of HPP-treated dairy products is also preserved.
Differential Vascular Responses to New-Generation Drug-Eluting Stenting According to Clinical Presentation: Three-Month Optical Coherence Tomographic Study

We evaluated early vascular responses after new-generation drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. From 2 randomized trials, we identified 471 patients (138 patients with acute myocardial infarction [AMI] vs 333 patients with stable angina or unstable angina [SA/UA]) treated by DESs who underwent serial optical coherence tomography (OCT) from postprocedure to 3 months. At 3-month follow-up OCT, malapposed strut percentage was higher in AMI than in SA/UA (5.3% vs 0.7%, P < .001); it was markedly increased from postprocedure in AMI (2.0%-5.3%, P < .001), whereas it decreased in SA/UA (1.7%-0.7%, P < .001). Patients with AMI showed a higher risk of persistent (59% vs 37%; P < .001) or late-acquired malapposition (15% vs 8%; P = .04). Uncovered strut percentage at 3 months was also higher in AMI than in SA/UA (13.1% vs 6.7%, P < .001). The AMI presentation was the significant risk factor for both significant stent malapposition (SM, ≥200 μm; odds ratio [OR] = 3.45, CI = 1.85-7.14, P < .001) and uncovered stent (% uncovered struts >6.0%; OR = 2.44, CI = 1.35-4.76, P = .004), together with malapposed distance and postprocedural thrombi. Further, AMI presentation was the predictor for the occurrence of early period late-acquired and persistent malapposition. Serial OCT comparison analyses showed that patients with AMI compared with patients with SA/UA showed more delayed strut coverage, more severe degree SM or uncovered stents, and higher incidences of early period persistent or late-acquired SM.