Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis on Interference and Frequency-to-Time Mapping Based Frequency Hopping Receiver

The receiving performance of a frequency hopping receiver based on interference and frequency-to-time mapping are analyzed. The broadening of the receiving passband induced by high frequency hopping speed is theoretically analyzed. The spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR), the frequency-dependent RF gain, and the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) corresponding to the RF gain are theoretically derived to indicate the receiving performance. Experimental verifications on the SFDR and RF gain were conducted. The SFDR of the passband at 7.21 GHz is 77.23 dBc, and for the passbands located from 7 GHz to 23 GHz, the SFDR variance is below 3.2 dB, which fits well with the simulated results with the difference of less than 3.7 dB. The RF gain for passbands located from 2.6 GHz to 40.9 GHz were tested, and the difference is less than 2 dB compared to the theoretical results.
Stellar Abundances and Winds of A-Type Supergiant Stars in M33: First Results from the Keck HIRES Spectrograph

In this Letter, we report the first results of detailed analyses of A-type supergiants in M33 from high-quality Keck HIRES echelle spectra. The two stars, designated 117-A and B-324, now constitute the most distant stars for which detailed abundances have been measured. We find 117-A is metal-poor (roughly 1/10 solar), resembling an early A supergiant in the SMC. B-324 has P Cygni-like profiles for most of the metal lines, but fitting only the photospheric component yields metal abundances similar to solar. These two stars are located at distinctly different galactocentric distances in M33; comparing their abundances shows that the metallicity gradient of this galaxy, previously reported only from H II-region surveys, is also qualitatively apparent in these stars. Estimates of the stellar-wind parameters for these stars yield mass-loss rates of ~2.5 × 10-8 M☉ yr-1 for 117-A and ~1.2 × 10-5 M☉ yr-1 for B-324 from the Hα line profiles. When we examine the location of these stars in the wind momentum-luminosity plane, we find that they are in excellent agreement with the loci of luminous blue stars in the Galaxy, LMC, and SMC, taking into account differences in metallicity.
Silver nanoparticles and cellulose microfiber micro-composite from banana (Musa acuminata) waste: green synthesis, antioxidant property and antimicrobial capacity

The green chemistry promotes the synthesis of nanomaterials from plant extracts as a new climate intelligent alternative to the use of conventional protocols based on costly and toxic chemicals. Therefore, this research was undertaken to analyses the efficiency of banana (peels and rachis) waste extracts in the production of a micro-composite composed by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and cellulose microfibers (CMF) respectively. Results showed the synthesis of 24 nm diameter spherical particles AgNPs, with a peak of absorbance at 410 nm, in (v/v) water:ethanol extracts of banana peels at a final dilution of 3.10-2. Concomitantly, 50-350 µm in length and 5-10 µm of diameter CMF were obtained via the oxalic acid hydrolysis of the oven-dried banana rachis. The micro-composite (AgNPs-CMF) and AgNPs displayed an active reducing capacity over 60% determined by the DPPH test, and active bacterial activity against E. Coli and S. aureus in Petri dishes. Overall results support the use of banana waste for the synthesis of AgNPs and CMF for industrial purposes.
Evaluating Current Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation using an Integrated Computational Model of the Cardiopulmonary System.

OBJECTIVE We aimed to use a high-fidelity computational model that captures key interactions between the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems to investigate whether current CPR protocols could potentially be improved. METHODS We developed and validated the computational model against available human data. We used a global optimisation algorithm to find CPR protocol parameters that optimise the outputs associated with return of spontaneous circulation in a cohort of 10 virtual subjects. RESULTS Compared with current protocols, myocardial tissue oxygen volume was more than 5 times higher, and cerebral tissue oxygen volume was nearly doubled, during optimised CPR. While the optimal maximal sternal displacement (5.5 cm) and compression ratio (51%) found using our model agreed with the current American Heart Association guidelines, the optimal chest compression rate was lower (67 compressions min-1). Similarly, the optimal ventilation strategy was more conservative than current guidelines, with an optimal minute ventilation of 1500 ml min-1 and inspired fraction of oxygen of 80%. The end compression force was the parameter with the largest impact on CO, followed by PEEP, the compression ratio and the CC rate. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that current CPR protocols could potentially be improved. Excessive ventilation could be detrimental to organ oxygenation during CPR, due to the negative haemodynamic effect of increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Particular attention should be given to the chest compression force to achieve satisfactory CO. Future clinical trials aimed at developing improved CPR protocols should explicitly consider interactions between chest compression and ventilation parameters.
Embracing gen-z's learning styles with a mobile enthalpy game application (MEGA) for thermochemical equation

Gen-Z is digital natives with unique learning styles. Gen Z is attracted to mobile technology and interactive visual learning materials. Therefore, the mobile game application seems to engage Gen Z in learning abstract chemistry topics. This paper focuses on the effectiveness of an Android game app, mobile enthalpy game application (MEGA) to facilitate students to write thermochemical equations and study its effect on their achievement in the topic. The study involved 72 Malaysian science matriculation students which were divided into control and treatment groups. The impact of MEGA (treatment group) versus PowerPoint slides (control group) on students’ performance in writing thermochemical equations was compared. Results showed significant differences in pre and post-test scores for students in MEGA and PowerPoint groups. Students in the treatment group surpassed the control group's performance in the post-test scores. To conclude, the mobile game apps (MEGA) seemed to be able to promote gen Z’s achievement and interest in learning.
Spatial patterns of riparian vegetation community composition and diversity along human‐ affected East African highland streams

Riparian vegetation, which plays important roles in conservation of regional biodiversity and provision of many environmental services, has been severely degraded in East Africa by human activities. To ameliorate this degradation, more knowledge of the vegetation and factors affecting it is required. Thus, effect of land use on the plant community composition, species richness and diversity patterns were investigated along 18 streams in the Gilgle Gibe River catchment, in south‐western Ethiopia, using 100 m2 plots established along transects on both sides of the streams at 35 sampling locations beside land designated as agricultural, forested, mixed vegetation or eucalyptus plantation. The communities in the plots were surveyed and classified by Two‐Way Indicator Species Analysis. In total, 107 vascular plant species belonging to 49 families were recorded. Species richness and diversity were lowest along streams beside agricultural land, which had narrow riparian buffers, and highest along forested streams, which had wider riparian buffers. The communities in the sampling plots were assigned to seven groups. Species richness was positively correlated buffer width (r = 0.74, p < 0.01). The results highlight the human influence on riparian vegetation and the importance of sustainable management that is compatible with its conservation and restoration. However, to address the severity and complexity of forest fragmentation, conservation strategies must embrace a multi‐site, contextual approach.
Comparison of Physico-chemical Properties of Soils under Different Forest Types in Dry Tropical Forest Ecosystem in Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, India

The present study was conducted to assess the variations in physico-chemical properties of soils under four forest types viz. Mixed Forest, Mixed Sal Forest, Mixed Teak Forest, and Teak Mixed Forests in a typical dry tropical ecosystem of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve (AABR), Central India. Soil samples were collected from four types of forest and analyzed for the soil samples were taken at three soil depths, i.e. at 0-20 cm, 20-40cm and 40-60 cm and analysed for pH, EC, Organic C, soil moisture, bulk density, nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K). The pH of soil was lower (5.43) under Mixed Forest and higher (6.13) in Teak Mixed Forest, while EC in soil was lower (0.04 dS m-1) in Mixed Sal Forest and higher (0.32 dS m-1) under Teak Mixed Forest. Organic C varied from 11.5 Mg ha-1 to 17.8 Mg ha-1 at 0-20 cm soil depth which was highest in soil under Mixed Sal Forest and lowest in Teak Mixed Forest. The Organic C and EC values were decreased with an increase in soil depth, while the bulk density showed reverse trend. Soil nutrients in different depths varied between 160.2 -196.9 kg ha-1, 10.4-17.7 kg ha-1 and 266.4-439.1 kg ha-1 for N, P and K, respectively. The nutrient quantities in soil were higher in Mixed Sal Forest and lower under Teak Mixed Forest, which decreased with soil depth. The paper discusses the possible variations in soil properties in relation to structure and composition of forest type and suggests appropriate management practices for the sustainable development of forest soils in dry tropical ecosystem.
Design and Validation of a MVDC Isolated Active Voltage Injection Based HCB

A MVDC Hybrid Circuit Breaker (HCB) is proposed in this paper that consists of an electro-mechanical switch (EMS) in series with a Voltage Injector Building Block (VIBB). The VIBB-HCB does not employ any semiconductor devices in the main DC line. The VIBB utilizes an E-core-based integrated magnetic structure for injection purpose. The core is unbiased during normal operation, which does not affect system response or add more inductance in the main DC line. Further, the injection circuit is isolated from the main circuit. Hence, any surge or fault current does not impact the injection circuit. The injection circuit comprises a SiC-based full bridge auxiliary converter, which provides fast (μs range) bidirectional fault clearing capability. Moreover, the EMS is opened under zero voltage and zero current, which increases EMS reliability and lifetime. Lastly, the design does not require bulky high rating energy absorption components such varistors due to miniscule post-fault interruption residual energy. A detailed design procedure is derived and validated through Finite Element Analysis using ANSYS Maxwell Transient solver. This is followed by experimental verification on a scaled down hardware prototype.
Multipliers on L p -Spaces for Homogeneous Spaces

We consider several types of multipliers on the Banach algebras related to the homogeneous space G / H , where G is a locally compact group and H is a compact subgroup. Among other things, we show that an analogue of Wendel’s result holds for these types of Banach algebras only when H is normal. We then investigate the characterization of all multipliers from L 1 ð G = H Þ into L p ð G = H Þ when they considered as left L 1 ð G = H Þ -module. Finally, we give some result for the case when G is compact and H is closed.
Quasiclassical path integral in coherent-state manifolds

Quantization of classical dynamical systems with a Poisson structure on homogeneous Kahler manifolds is considered. The quantization follows the method invented by Berezin and represents the unitary transition operator as a quasiclassical path integral in the coherent-state basis. In case the coherent-state manifold appears as a (degenerate) rank-one co-adjoint orbit of the symmetry group, an explicit representation of the transition amplitude in terms of classical data can be derived for large values of the highest weight, which corresponds to the quasiclassical approximation. This representation is further shown to perfectly agree, in contrast to some earlier approaches, with the known exact results and may provide non-trivial asymptotics of physical relevance.
Experiments on the Effect of an Impact Damper on a Multiple-Degree-of-Freedom System

An impact damper is a freely moving mass, constrained by stops, located on the structural system to be controlled. As the system is excited dynamically, the impact mass moves relative to the structure, resulting in impacts between the mass and the stops, dissipating energy as heat, noise and high frequency vibrations. Whilst the use of impact dampers for single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems has received a significant amount of attention, investigations into their interaction with multiple-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems is rare. This paper presents results of a series of experimental investigations into the effect of an impact damper on a MDOF primary system. The effects of the size of the impact mass, clearance between the impact mass and the stops, excitation type and excitation location are considered. The results in some instances do not correspond with those found for control of SDOF systems in particular, increased size of impact mass does not necessarily lead to an increase in damping for all modes. Also, the effect of clearance is unpredictable, particularly for higher modes. The paper raises these and other issues which require consideration if impact dampers are to be used to control the dynamic response of MDOF systems.
Determination of rank by median absolute deviation (DRMAD): a simple method for determining the number of principal factors responsible for a data matrix

Median absolute deviation (MAD) is a well‐established statistical method for determining outliers. This simple statistic can be used to determine the number of principal factors responsible for a data matrix by direct application to the residual standard deviation (RSD) obtained from principal component analysis (PCA). Unlike many other popular methods the proposed method, called determination of rank by MAD (DRMAD), does not involve the use of pseudo degrees of freedom, pseudo F‐tests, extensive calibration tables, time‐consuming iterations, nor empirical procedures. The method does not require strict adherence to normal distributions of experimental uncertainties. The computations are direct, simple to use and extremely fast, ideally suitable for online data processing. The results obtained using various sets of chemical data previously reported in the chemical literature agree with the early work. Limitations of the method, determined from model data, are discussed. An algorithm, written in MATLAB format, is presented in the Appendix. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic model of elementary particles and the nature of mass and “electric” charge

The physical model of elementary particles, based on the wave features of their behavior, is described here. Elementary particles are regarded as elementary dynamical structures of the microworld, interrelated with all levels of the Universe, i.e., inseparable from the structure of the Universe as a whole. Between any elementary particles and the ambient field of matter-space-time, as well as between elementary particles themselves, there exists an interchange of matter-space-time occurring both in horizontal (within the same level) and vertical (between different levels) directions. This model allowed revealing the nature of mass and charge of elementary particles that is described here along with other important results originated from such a model.
Analyzing LDEX's Current Measurements in Lunar Orbit

The Lunar Dust Experiment (LDEX) on board the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer mission orbited the Moon from 2014 September to 2015 April and observed a dynamic, permanently present dust cloud produced by continual meteoroid bombardment. In addition to measuring individual ejecta with radii >0.3 μm, LDEX also recorded an integrated current of the collective signal generated by the impacts of smaller ejecta particles. From this signal, we explore the potential for electrostatic dust lofting via twilight craters through correlation with changes in lunar topography. As the integrated current can contain numerous background contributions, we start by isolating regions of transient enhancements of this signal. A consistent lunar dayside enhancement is identified, with solar wind ions reflected as energetic neutral atoms shown to be a feasible source. We do not detect any enhanced integrated current correlated with the antihelion meteoroid bombardment or discernible enhancement due to electrostatic lofting via twilight craters, suggesting that electrostatic dust lofting does not contribute to the lunar dust environment at high altitudes (≫1 km).
Distribution and Evolution of the Li Abundance in Red Clump Stars Can Be Explained by Internal Gravity Waves

The study of Li phenomena in red clump (RC) stars can give us a deeper understanding of the structure and evolution of stars. Chanamé et al. explained the RC Li abundance distributions naturally using only standard post-main-sequence (MS) Li evolution models when the distribution of progenitor masses and the depletion of Li during the MS observed in MS stars were considered, thus neither an extra Li depletion nor Li creation mechanism is required. Nevertheless, it is interesting to consider the effects of mixing caused by some extra mechanisms. By constructing different models, we find that the mixing caused by internal gravity waves can explain the observed Li abundances of RC stars with low-mass progenitors. To explain this, we rely on the extra mixing induced by internal gravity waves that are excited at the bottom of the convective envelope during the red giant branch (RGB) stage. During the RGB stage, introducing internal gravity waves can improve the diffusion coefficient and strengthen the mixing effect. The effective enrichment of Li occurs during the late RGB stage and requires the diffusion coefficient of the H-burning shell to reach ∼108 cm2 s−1. Our models predict that the Li abundance decreases from ∼1.5 to ∼0.0 dex at the end of the core He-burning stage, thereby revealing ∼99% of the observed Li abundance distribution. Thermohaline mixing regulates the Li abundance of RGB stars, which combined with internal gravity waves can explain the Li abundances of most giants.
Nowcasting Convective Storm Initiation Using Satellite-Based Box-Averaged Cloud-Top Cooling and Cloud-Type Trends

Abstract Short-term (0–1 h) convective storm nowcasting remains a problem for operational weather forecasting, and convective storms pose a significant monetary sink for the aviation industry. Numerical weather prediction models, traditional meteorological observations, and radar are all useful for short-term convective forecasting, but all have shortcomings. Geostationary imagers, while having their own shortcomings, are valuable assets for addressing the convective initiation nowcast problem. The University of Wisconsin Convective Initiation (UWCI) nowcasting algorithm is introduced for use as an objective, satellite-based decision support tool. The UWCI algorithm computes Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Imager infrared window channel box-averaged cloud-top cooling rates and creates convective initiation nowcasts based on a combination of cloud-top cooling rates and satellite-derived cloud-top type–phase trends. The UWCI approach offers advantages over existing techniques, such .
Reflectance and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of sculptured silver films deposited at various vapor incident angles

By using e-beam evaporation at various oblique angles, silver nanorod arrays were produced on silicon and fused silica substrates. Reflectance of P and S polarizations was measured at an incident angle of 30°, with the data analyzed by using the appropriate optical dispersive model. The surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was investigated using trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene (BPE) as a probe molecule at an excitation wavelength of 633 nm. The Ag-coated surface become rougher as the vapor incident angle is increased. Only the sample deposited at 85° shows clear oblique column structure. Reflectance fitting confirmed the positive rexlation between roughness and deposition angle and showed an increase of porosity in the film with increasing deposition angle. The reflectance measurements also indicate that the sample deposited at 85° has a very high anisotropic effect due to the inclined column structure. In the RS scans, only the 85° samples on Si and silica substrates gave strong SERS with a similar enhancement factor, with a higher background level and noise signal from the silica substrate.
Finite-time synchronisation control of complex networks via non-smooth analysis

This study is concerned with the finite-time synchronisation control (FTSC) of complex networks with discontinuous and continuous node dynamics. Two types of controllers (including continuous and discontinuous ones) are designed to ensure synchronisation of networks based on non-smooth analysis. Many sufficient criteria are given to guarantee FTSC by utilising the famous finite-time stability theorem. Compared the new obtained results with the previous literatures, the FTSC is discussed firstly when the node dynamics as well as the controllers are both discontinuous. Meanwhile, the upper bound of the settling time for synchronisation can be estimated. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Hardy Inequalities and Some Critical Elliptic and Parabolic Problems

We study the behaviour of the nonlinear criticalp-heat equation(and the related stationaryp-laplacian equation)[formula]where −Δpu≡−div(|∇u|p−2 ∇u),f(x)⩾0 verifying convenient regularity assumptions,Ωis a bounded domain in RNsuch that 0∈Ω, and 1<p<N. The analysis reveals that the behaviour depends onp. The results depend in general on the relation betweenλand the best constant in Hardy's inequality.
Evaluation of potential benefit of assimilation of SEVIRI water vapour radiance data from Meteosat‐8 into global numerical weather prediction analyses

The clear sky radiance product from the SEVIRI instrument is described. The characteristics of the data derived from water vapour–sensitive channels are discussed. A trial of the assimilation of these data from Meteosat‐8 into the ECMWF NWP model is described and results of this trial presented and discussed. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Behavior of a Class of Complex Systems: the Effect of System Size on Properties of Terminal Cycles

Abstract System size is an important variable in large, intricately structured systems. Such systems offer a greater scope of effect to size than do simpler types. Considering the potential usefulness of complex abstract systems as models of real-world systems, it becomes important 1) to determine the effect of size on behaviors of such systems, and 2) to seek procedures that indicate the effects of size indirectly. These two inquiries are undertaken in this paper for a basic class of complex system. An insensitivity of behavioral rhythm to change in system size, and a conjecture relating system size to system structure are examined.