Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of tamoxifen on cognition and language in women with breast cancer: A systematic search and a scoping review

Breast cancer treatments bring adverse consequences that interfere with everyday functioning. Importantly, some of these treatments are associated with cognitive and language changes. Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator and is a common endocrine therapy treatment for breast cancer. The current review examines the specific domains of cognition and language affected by the use of tamoxifen in women with breast cancer.
Correlation between Circulating Tumor Cells and Plasma D-dimer and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and plasma D-dimer (D-D) and their correlation with clinicopathological characteristics of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). STUDY DESIGN A descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China, from December 2015 to August 2019. METHODOLOGY Seventy-five patients with NSCLC were selected as the research subjects. The contents of CTCs and D-D were determined and the results were analysed as per objective. Data was analysed quantitatively, using SPSS Version 24.0. RESULTS Forty-five patients with NSCLC were positive for CTCs. The level of D-D in NSCLC patients was significantly increased. The D-D level in CTCs-positive patients was 0.79 (0.43-1.80) mg/L. The levels of CTCs and D-D in NSCLC patients were not affected by gender and pathological subtypes and other factors (p>0.05). CTCs and D-D in peripheral blood of NSCLC patients were significantly correlated with the total stage of lung cancer patients (p <0.05). CONCLUSION The levels of CTCs and D-D in peripheral blood of NSCLC patients are significantly correlated with clinicopathological features, and the positive CTCs and high levels of D-D may indicate the late stage of the disease and poor prognosis, and there is a correlation between the two. The combined detection of the two is of great significance in predicting the progress and poor prognosis of NSCLC patients, and can guide the clinical diagnosis and treatment. Key Words: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), D-dimer (D-D), Clinicopathologic features.
Then and now: the legacy and future of attachment research

ABSTRACT Attachment theory rescued psychology from the choice between an untestable psychoanalytic, drive reduction theory and behaviorist positions that were incapable of accounting for development. Theory and research on attachment over the last 5 decades advanced knowledge on vital topics such as the emergence of the self, emotion regulation, resilience, and mental representations. The success of the theory led to broad applications both within and outside of academia. Now is a useful time to appraise this body of work and to consider future directions. The book, “Cornerstones,” and the two target articles in this special issue provide an important start to this process, suggesting a number of potentially fruitful directions. Some of the challenges associated with these suggestions are addressed in this commentary.
Novel Trauma Composite Score is a more reliable predictor of mortality than Injury Severity Score in pediatric trauma

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. BACKGROUND The equivalent Injury Severity Score (ISS) cutoffs for severe trauma vary between adult (ISS, >16) and pediatric (ISS, >25) trauma. We hypothesized that a novel injury severity prediction model incorporating age and mechanism of injury would outperform standard ISS cutoffs. METHODS The 2010 to 2016 National Trauma Data Bank was queried for pediatric trauma patients. Cut point analysis was used to determine the optimal ISS for predicting mortality for age and mechanism of injury. Linear discriminant analysis was implemented to determine prediction accuracy, based on area under the curve (AUC), of ISS cutoff of 25 (ISS, 25), shock index pediatric adjusted (SIPA), an age-adjusted ISS/abbreviated Trauma Composite Score (aTCS), and our novel Trauma Composite Score (TCS) in blunt trauma. The TCS consisted of significant variables (Abbreviated Injury Scale, Glasgow Coma Scale, sex, and SIPA) selected a priori for each age. RESULTS There were 109,459 blunt trauma and 9,292 penetrating trauma patients studied. There was a significant difference in ISS (blunt trauma, 9.3 ± 8.0 vs. penetrating trauma, 8.0 ± 8.6; p < 0.01) and mortality (blunt trauma, 0.7% vs. penetrating trauma, 2.7%; p < 0.01). Analysis of the entire cohort revealed an optimal ISS cut point of 25 (AUC, 0.95; sensitivity, 0.86; specificity, 0.95); however, the optimal ISS ranged from 18 to 25 when evaluated by age and mechanism. Linear discriminant analysis model AUCs varied significantly for each injury metric when assessed for blunt trauma and penetrating trauma (penetrating trauma–adjusted ISS, 0.94 ± 0.02 vs. ISS 25, 0.88 ± 0.02 vs. SIPA, 0.62 ± 0.03; p < 0.001; blunt trauma–adjusted ISS, 0.96 ± 0.01 vs. ISS 25, 0.89 ± 0.02 vs. SIPA, 0.70 ± 0.02; p < 0.001). When injury metrics were assessed across age groups in blunt trauma, TCS and aTCS performed the best. CONCLUSION Current use of ISS in pediatric trauma may not accurately reflect injury severity. The TCS and aTCS incorporate both age and mechanism and outperform standard metrics in mortality prediction in blunt trauma. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Retrospective review, level IV.
Thermal expansion anisotropy as source for microstrain broadening of polycrystalline cementite, Fe3C

Cementite (Fe3C) powder consisting of polycrystalline particles was investigated by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction at temperatures between 10 and 973 K. The data reveal a pronouncedly anisotropic thermal expansion of the orthorhombic unit cell as well as microstrain broadening varying considerably with temperature. Using a theory for predicting thermal-microstress-induced microstrain already applied in previous work to ambient-temperature sealed-tube X-ray powder diffraction data from the same material [Leineweber (2012). J. Appl. Cryst. 45, 944–949], the temperature-dependent extent of the measured microstrain broadening could be quantitatively related to the measured temperature-dependent anisotropy of the thermal expansion. Thereby, the fact that the extent of the measured microstrain broadening is somewhat smaller than the predicted amount can be explained by the presence of the free surfaces of the powder particles reducing the level of microstress-induced microstrain.
Aflatoxin B1 inhibited autophagy flux by inducing lysosomal alkalinization in HepG2 cells

Abstract Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a hazard food pollutant and the most toxic one of all the aflatoxins. It is mainly metabolized in the liver and exerts strong hepatotoxicity and carcinogenesis. Autophagy is an important biological process to maintain the homeostasis of intracellular environment. But the role of autophagy in AFB1-exposured hepatotoxicity remains unclear. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of AFB1 on autophagy flux and its potential mechanisms in HepG2 cells. The data showed AFB1 with no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) induced the accumulation of autophagosomes by detecting the level of LC3 and MDC staining. Subsequent findings revealed that autophagosome accumulation was caused by the inhibition of autophagy flux by transfection mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus in the presence of autophagy inhibitor 3-MA and CQ. Further, we investigated lysosomal pH by Acridine orange (AO) and Lysotracker Red (LTR) staining and found that AFB1 exposure caused lysosomal alkalinization. These results indicated AFB1 with NOAEL could inhibit autophagy flux by inducing lysosomal alkalinization. Our study was helpful to further explain early hepatotoxicity mechanism of AFB1.
As above, so below: Whole transcriptome profiling demonstrates strong molecular similarities between avian dorsal and ventral pallial subdivisions

Over the last two decades, beginning with the Avian Brain Nomenclature Forum in 2000, major revisions have been made to our understanding of the organization and nomenclature of the avian brain. However, there are still unresolved questions on avian pallial organization, particularly whether the cells above the vestigial ventricle represent distinct populations to those below it or similar populations. To test these two hypotheses, we profiled the transcriptomes of the major avian pallial subdivisions dorsal and ventral to the vestigial ventricle boundary using RNA sequencing and a new zebra finch genome assembly containing about 22,000 annotated, complete genes. We found that the transcriptomes of neural populations above and below the ventricle were remarkably similar. Each subdivision in dorsal pallium (Wulst) had a corresponding molecular counterpart in the ventral pallium (dorsal ventricular ridge). In turn, each corresponding subdivision exhibited shared gene co‐expression modules that contained gene sets enriched in functional specializations, such as anatomical structure development, synaptic transmission, signaling, and neurogenesis. These findings are more in line with the continuum hypothesis of avian brain subdivision organization above and below the vestigial ventricle space, with the pallium as a whole consisting of four major cell populations (intercalated pallium, mesopallium, hyper‐nidopallium, and arcopallium) instead of seven (hyperpallium apicale, interstitial hyperpallium apicale, intercalated hyperpallium, hyperpallium densocellare, mesopallium, nidopallium, and arcopallium). We suggest adopting a more streamlined hierarchical naming system that reflects the robust similarities in gene expression, neural connectivity motifs, and function. These findings have important implications for our understanding of overall vertebrate brain evolution.
Effect of jump exercise training on long‐term head‐down bed rest‐induced cerebral blood flow responses in arteries and veins

What is the central question of this study? What is the effect of an exercise countermeasure on microgravity‐induced change in cerebral blood flow? What is the main finding and its importance? Jump exercise training as a countermeasure did not modify the heterogeneous cerebral blood flow response to head‐down bed rest, suggesting that this method is effective in preventing cardiovascular system deconditioning but is not good for cerebral haemodynamics.
Factors associated with prognosis after small-vessel occlusion among young and middle-aged patients: a hospital-based follow-up study

ABSTRACT Objective: Small-vessel occlusions are the most common causes of mild strokes and, in China, account for approximately 27.3% of ischemic stroke cases. However, the factors associated with short- and long-term outcomes appear contradictory. Thus, we assessed the factors related to outcomes 3 years after small-vessel occlusion among patients aged 18 to 55 years. Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, we recruited patients who experienced small-vessel occlusion (according to Trial of Org 10,172 in Acute Stroke Treatment [TOAST] classification) aged 18 to 55 years and conducted a hospital-based follow-up study. The assessed outcomes were mortality, recurrence, and dependency within 3 years after the initial stroke. The outcome determinants were assessed using a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 276 patients (men, 76.09%) with small-vessel occlusions were enrolled in this study. In addition, 85.1% of the patients had strokes between the ages of 45 and 55 years. The risk of recurrence within 3 years was higher for patients who had moderate strokes than for those who had mild events (relative risk [RR], 3.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14–8.34; P < 0.05). Further, the risk of dependency within 3 years was 2.61 times higher in obese patients than in non-obese patients (RR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.00–6.79; P < 0.05). The risks of recurrence and dependency within 3 years increased by 17% and 18%, respectively, for each 1-unit increase in fasting plasma glucose levels (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05–1.30 and RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.06–1.32, respectively; both P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that small-vessel occlusions cause the heaviest disease burden in patients aged 45 to 55 years. To reduce stroke recurrence, young and middle-aged patients with small-vessel occlusions should control their fasting plasma glucose levels and manage their weight.
The clinical impact of bacterial co-infection among moderate, severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients in the second referral hospital in Surabaya.

Background: Data on the prevalence of bacterial co-infections among COVID-19 patients are limited, especially in our country, Indonesia. We aimed to assess the rate of bacterial co-infections in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and report the most common microorganisms involved and the antibiotic use in these patients. Methods: This study is a cross sectional study with retrospective approach, among COVID-19 adult patients admitted to Universitas Airlangga Hospital Surabaya from 14 March-30 September 2020. The bacterial infection is defined based on clinical assessment, laboratory parameters, and microbiology results. Results: A total of 218 patients with moderate to critical illness and confirmed COVID-19 were included in this study. Bacterial infection was confirmed in 43 patients (19.7%). COVID-19 patients with bacterial infections had longer hospital length of stay (17.6 ± 6.62 vs 13.31±7.12), a higher proportion of respiratory failure, intensive care treatment, and ventilator use. COVID-19 patients with bacterial infection had a worse prognosis than those without bacterial infection (p<0.04). The empirical antibiotic was given to 75.2% of the patients. Gram-negative bacteria were commonly found as causative agents in this study (n = 39; 70.37%). Conclusion: COVID-19 patients with bacterial infection have a longer length of stay and worse outcomes. Healthcare-associated infections during intensive care treatment for COVID-19 patients must be carefully prevented.
Non-venereal genital dermatoses and their impact on quality of life-A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND Lesions on the external genitalia could be venereal or non-venereal. Non-venereal genital dermatoses are common and may cause considerable anxiety to patients, particularly if noticed after sexual intercourse. However, this aspect has not been studied much till now. OBJECTIVES Our study proposes to describe the profile of non-venereal genital dermatoses and determine their impact on quality of life both social and sexual, using the dermatology life quality index questionnaire. METHODS We recruited patients aged 18 years and above, who were diagnosed to have non-venereal genital dermatoses during the study period. A detailed history was obtained and clinical examination done with relevant investigations when necessary. The dermatology life quality index was assessed and graded in all patients using Finlay dermatology life quality index questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 293 patients with non-venereal genital dermatoses were seen and 25 different dermatoses were observed. Men 242(82.6%) outnumbered women. The commonest age group affected was 31-50 years 144(50%). Chronic inflammatory dermatoses 135(41.6%) constituted the majority of cases. Scrotal dermatitis 46(15.7%), lichen simplex chronicus 37(12.6%), vitiligo 31(10.6%) were seen most frequently. In the study group, 111(37.9%) patients had moderate and 133(45.4%) had large impact on the quality of life. Erectile dysfunction was seen in 48(19.8%) men and 9(3.7%) had premature ejaculation. A significant effect on dermatology life quality index was found with increasing age (P = 0.007), positive marital status (P = 0.006), history of unprotected sex (P < 0.001), history of recurrences (P = 0.002) and venereophobia. (P = 0.008). LIMITATIONS The number of women in the study group was less compared to men and we could not ascertain the type of sexual dysfunction in them. CONCLUSION Non-venereal genital dermatoses are common, more so among men. They have a significant impact on the quality of life of the individual. Recognizing and addressing this problem will help in managing these patients effectively.
A systematic review and meta‐analyses on animal models used in bone adhesive research

Currently, steel implants are used for osteosynthesis of (comminuted) fractures and intra‐articular bone defects. These osteosyntheses can sometimes be complicated procedures and can have several drawbacks including stress shielding of the bone. A bone glue might be a safe and effective alternative to current materials. Despite numerous animal studies on bone adhesives, no such material is clinically applied yet. We have conducted a systematic review to summarize the evidence in experimental animal models used in research on bone adhesive materials for trauma and orthopedic surgery. Additionally, we analysed the efficacy of the different bone adhesives for different experimental designs. A heterogeneity in experimental parameters including animal species, defect types, and control measurements resulted in a wide variety in experimental models. In addition, no standard outcome measurements could be identified. Meta‐analysis on bone regeneration between adhesive treatment and nonadhesive treatment showed a high heterogeneity and no statistically significant overall effect (M: −0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.63–0.21, p = 0.13). Besides, currently there is not enough evidence to draw conclusions based on the effectiveness of the individual types of adhesives or experimental models. A positive statistically significant effect was found for the adhesive treatment in comparison with conventional osteosynthesis materials (M: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.20–3.79, p = 0.0002). To enhance progression in bone adhesive research and provide valuable evidence for clinical application, more standard experimental parameters and a higher reporting quality in animal studies are needed. Statement of Clinical Significance: Current materials restoring anatomical alignments of bones have several drawbacks. A (biodegradable) adhesive for fixating bone defects can be a treatment breakthrough. Although numerous bone adhesives have been researched, most seemed to fail at the preclinical stage. An overview in this field is missing. This systematic review highlights the relevant parameters for design of experimental bone adhesive studies. It demonstrates evidence regarding benefit of bone adhesives but also that the quality of reporting and the risk of bias in studies need to be improved. The results will aid in designing better quality animal studies for bone adhesive research with higher translational value.
Impact of COVID-19 on the Children with Cancer in Six Pediatric Oncology Units (POUs) of Pakistan- A Multi-Center Study

Abstract The study is to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 in the Pediatric Oncology Units (POUs) of Pakistan. Data from 1 April 2019 to 30 June 2019 and 1 April 2020 to 30 June 2020 for the first and second cohort, respectively, in order to compare the registration, abandonment rate, and delay in treatment. Six hundred and thirty-four were registered cases, 379 and 255 in the first and second cohort, respectively, which was significantly different <0.005. Seventy-seven were abandoned, 45 and 32 in the first and second cohort, respectively. Fifty-nine COVID-19 positive cases, 24, 4, 27, and 4 were admitted, referred, home isolated, and leave against medical advice (LAMA), respectively. Delayed treatment and reduction in new cases were observed.
The Association Between Sarcopenia and Postoperative Outcomes Among Older Adults With Hip Fracture: A Systematic Review

Hip fracture is a serious clinical event with high morbidity and mortality. Sarcopenia is characterized by age-related loss of muscle mass and function, leading to several adverse health outcomes. In this systematic review, no limitation criteria were used for study selection and 327 studies were identified in the initial search. Of these, 11 studies comprising a total of 2,314 patients were selected. The overall proportion of older adults with hip fracture having sarcopenia was 44%, with a disparity of approximately 10% between men and women. Most studies have indicated that older adults with sarcopenia had poorer postoperative functional recovery than those without sarcopenia; the association between sarcopenia and high postoperative mortality or long hospital stay was heterogeneous. Well-organized studies with longer follow-up periods are warranted.
Coping with endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity in real-time clustering critical crash occurrences nested within weather and road surface conditions

Abstract The knot of endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity are causes of rendering parameter estimates inconsistent in real-time crash prediction. This study intends to alleviate the potential sources of these issues in detecting critical crashes, involving fatal or incapacitating injuries, versus non-critical crashes through a 402-mile Interstate-80 in Wyoming. Among different types of endogeneity, the problem of errors-in-variables and simultaneity was respectively mitigated by conflating disaggregated real-time traffic observations with aggregated environmental conditions and removing secondary crashes from the dataset. The possibility of omitted variables and unobserved heterogeneity were dealt by using random intercepts in hierarchical modeling under Bayesian inference. Three models were calibrated. Model-1 treated all predictors as fixed parameters. Model-2 and Model-3, respectively, considered weather and road surface conditions as random intercepts. Model-2 outperformed the others where the Intraclass Correlation Coefficients confirmed that the crash dataset is more nested within weather conditions. Results indicated that critical crashes require more interaction between vehicles, and shaping backward shockwave reduces their risk on Interstate-80 with a comparatively less traffic volume. Furthermore, considering different categories of weather and road surface conditions, critical crashes are more likely to occur on dry pavement and cloudy conditions compared to the wet surface and rainy days.
Individual variation of follicular phase changes in endothelial function across two menstrual cycles

What is the central question of this study? The purpose of this study was to determine intra‐individual reproducibility of follicular phase changes in endothelial function (flow‐mediated dilatation) over two menstrual cycles in healthy, premenopausal women. What is the main finding and its importance? Phase changes in endothelial function were not consistent at the individual level across two menstrual cycles, which challenges the utility of interpreting individual responses over one cycle.