Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Freshwater Mussel (Unionidae: Bivalvia) Distributions and Densities in French Creek, Pennsylvania

Abstract The freshwater mussel (Unionidae: Bivalvia) communities of the French Creek watershed are nationally recognized for their importance to biodiversity. The goal of this research was to gather more information on the distribution and densities of these species throughout the river. This study utilized two-phase sampling with timed searches to characterize mussel species richness in a large number of sites and to calculate catch-per-unit-effort values. The results of the timed search were used to select a subset of sites for quantitative mussel surveys to estimate density and abundance. Starting in New York, the main stem of French Creek was divided into 5.6-km lengths, and one site was randomly chosen within each of those lengths, favoring habitat (large riffle/runs) for rare species and high species diversity. Snorkelers collected as many unionid individuals as possible, with a target search rate of 0.5 m2 min-1. Thirty-two main-stem sites were surveyed with timed searches. Mean species richness was 11.8 (SE = 0.94), and mean CPUE was 59.5 mussels per person-hour (SE = 9.32). Quantitative sampling was performed at ten sites using a double sampling design. Mean density estimates ranged from 0 to 27.98 m-2. Abundance estimates range from 0 to 69,848 live mussels per site. For the main stem, we calculated regression models to estimate densities and abundances at qualitatively sampled sites based on the CPUE at quantitatively sampled sites. Extrapolation yields approximately 22 million mussels in the 2.04 million m2 of large riffle-run habitat in the main stem of French Creek.
Os mecanismos de busca e suas implicações em comunicação e marketing

The web 2.0 has promoted the popularization of tools of communication through computer, what has brought about an exponential increase in the amount of sources on the web. Thus, information has been exchanged between source and receiver with less and less interference of official intermediary channels (such as companies, governments and other kinds of organizations). On the other hand, search engines have been improved. This paper aims to emphasize the role of such devices in this context, as well as the current innovations in this field, special attention to web semantics.
Effective components of self-management programs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: scoping review.

INTRODUCTION To date, little guidance is available to support the development of effective programs for improving self-management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Yet, given the global burden of this disease, it seems important to identify the components of a self-management program that are effective in terms of health outcomes for COPD patients. OBJECTIVES This review aims to identify effective elements of a self-management program for COPD patients, the ones that may impact quality of life, emergency visits, and rehospitalization rates. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic literature search of three databases (Medline, Cochrane, and CINHAL) was conducted to identify studies on self-management of COPD, with three limiting parameters: published in twelve years prior to November 2019, in English or French, and including patients over 40 years old. Prisma was used to guide the work process. RESULTS The search yielded 361 studies from the three electronic databases by applying limiting criteria, and after removing duplicates. Sixty-five articles were identified as relevant based on their titles and abstracts. However, 16 documents were retained after full reading. The analysis of the included articles identified 4 components in self-management programs for COPD patients: initiation stage of the intervention, educational sessions, support and monitoring methods. CONCLUSIONS Although the combination of self-management program initiation, educational sessions, support and monitoring methods were effective, further research is needed to identify the components that have better impact on COPD patients' skills and quality of life.
Cutaneous melanoma dissemination is dependent on the malignant cell properties and factors of intercellular crosstalk in the cancer microenvironment (Review)

The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma has been steadily increasing worldwide for several decades. This phenomenon seems to follow the trend observed in many types of malignancies caused by multiple significant factors, including ageing. Despite the progress in cutaneous malignant melanoma therapeutic options, the curability of advanced disease after metastasis represents a serious challenge for further research. In this review, we summarise data on the microenvironment of cutaneous malignant melanoma with emphasis on intercellular signalling during the disease progression. Malignant melanocytes with features of neural crest stem cells interact with non-malignant populations within this microenvironment. We focus on representative bioactive factors regulating this intercellular crosstalk. We describe the possible key factors and signalling cascades responsible for the high complexity of the melanoma microenvironment and its premetastatic niches. Furthermore, we present the concept of melanoma early becoming a systemic disease. This systemic effect is presented as a background for the new horizons in the therapy of cutaneous melanoma.
Disposition Kinetics of Cefquinome in Calves after a Single Intramuscular Bolus Dose

Cefquinome is a potent and efficacious fourth generation aminothiazolyl cephalosporin with broad spectrum of activity against Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria, developed exclusively for veterinary use including food animals (Murphy et al., 1994). It has certain advantages over the earlier cephalosporins which include extended spectrum activity, penetration ability into the periplasmic space of Gram negative bacteria, enhanced binding with penicillinbinding proteins and improved bioavailability. It has time-dependent bactericidal effect, as shown by β-lactam antibiotics, and is stable against chromosomal as well as plasmid-encoded βlactamases that are produced by a majority of clinically important bacteria (Limbert et al., 1991; Bryskier, 1997; Thomas et al., 2006).
Field parasitism rates of caterpillars on Brassica oleracea plants are reliably predicted by differential attraction of Cotesia parasitoids

1. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) play an important role in host location of parasitoid wasps and may benefit the plant by top-down control of its herbivorous attackers. Although many studies have shown that accessions of plants differ in attractiveness to parasitoid wasps under controlled laboratory studies, few studies have confirmed that the most attractive accessions also sustain highest parasitism rates in the field. Here, we tested whether in-flight preference of parasitoids for HIPVs from cultivars of Brassica oleracea in the laboratory reliably predicts the parasitism rates of herbivores feeding on these cultivars in the field. 2. In wind tunnel tests in the laboratory, we ranked cultivars of B. oleracea for the preference of two congeneric parasitoids (Cotesia glomerata and C. rubecula) for their HIPVs. The cultivars were then compared for their relative parasitism rates of caterpillars in the field. Throughout the growth season in the field, we infested the different cultivars with Pieris caterpillars on a weekly basis. The caterpillars were recollected after 3 days, dissected and scored for the rate of parasitism. 3. Cultivars of B. oleracea that we identified as most attractive to parasitoids in the laboratory also sustained highest proportions of parasitism in the field. The composition of the headspace of the B. oleracea cultivars damaged by P. rapae differs among these cultivars in the amounts of terpenoids and methyl salicylate emitted, which may be responsible for the differential attraction of parasitoids to the cultivars. 4. Our results show that intraspecific variation in HIPVs of plants is paralleled by differential parasitism of caterpillars in the field. The widely used laboratory assays on HIPV-based preferences of parasitoids provided reliable information on relative parasitism differences of herbivores as found in the field. 5. Thereby, our work confirms that through HIPVs plants attract parasitoids that effectively parasitize herbivores even under the complex and variable abiotic and biotic conditions in (agro-) ecosystems.
Constraining Ion-Scale Heating and Spectral Energy Transfer in Observations of Plasma Turbulence.

We perform a statistical study of the turbulent power spectrum at inertial and kinetic scales observed during the first perihelion encounter of the Parker Solar Probe. We find that often there is an extremely steep scaling range of the power spectrum just above the ion-kinetic scales, similar to prior observations at 1 A.U. , with a power-law index of around -4. Based on our measurements, we demonstrate that either a significant (>50%) fraction of the total turbulent energy flux is dissipated in this range of scales, or the characteristic nonlinear interaction time of the turbulence decreases dramatically from the expectation based solely on the dispersive nature of nonlinearly interacting kinetic Alfvén waves.
Sarcoidosis epidemiology: recent estimates of incidence, prevalence and risk factors.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to describe the latest studies on sarcoidosis incidence, prevalence and risk factors with a special focus on reports in the last 2 years. The potential biases affecting these studies are discussed. RECENT FINDINGS The prevalence and incidence of sarcoidosis vary greatly depending on region of the world. Variations in data sources and settings can affect estimates of the burden of sarcoidosis, sometimes making them difficult to compare across countries. It is not well understood how the distribution of sarcoidosis phenotypes differs across populations. Age, sex and race are the most important sources of variation in incidence and prevalence. Recent epidemiological studies provide new insights on the role of genetic and nongenetic risk factors for sarcoidosis. SUMMARY High-quality and systematically collected data, with depth (detailed information per individual) and breadth (many individuals), is needed to further understand the complexity and heterogeneity of sarcoidosis.
Pediatric Pharmacokinetics and Dose Predictions: A Report of a Satellite Meeting to the 10th Juvenile Toxicity Symposium

On April 24, 2019, a symposium on Pediatric Pharmacokinetics and Dose Predictions was held as a satellite meeting to the 10th Juvenile Toxicity Symposium. This symposium brought together scientists from academia, industry, and clinical research organizations with the aim to update each other on the current knowledge on pediatric drug development. Through more knowledge on specific ontogeny profiles of drug metabolism and transporter proteins, integrated into physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, we have gained a more integrated understanding of age‐related differences in pharmacokinetics (PKs), Relevant examples were presented during the meeting. PBPK may be considered the gold standard for pediatric PK prediction, but still it is important to know that simpler methods, such as allometry, allometry combined with maturation function, functions based on the elimination pathway, or linear models, also perform well, depending on the age range or the mechanisms involved. Knowledge from different methods and information sources should be combined (e.g., microdosing can reveal early read‐out of age‐related differences in exposure), and such results can be a value to verify models. To further establish best practices for dose setting in pediatrics, more in vitro and in vivo research is needed on aspects such as age‐related changes in the exposure‐response relationship and the impact of disease on PK. New information coupled with the refining of model‐based drug development approaches will allow faster targeting of intended age groups and allow more efficient design of pediatric clinical trials.
Evaluating sediment chemistry and toxicity data using logistic regression modeling

This paper describes the use of logistic‐regression modeling for evaluating matching sediment chemistry and toxicity data. Contaminant‐specific logistic models were used to estimate the percentage of samples expected to be toxic at a given concentration. These models enable users to select the probability of effects of concern corresponding to their specific assessment or management objective or to estimate the probability of observing specific biological effects at any contaminant concentration. The models were developed using a large database (n = 2,524) of matching saltwater sediment chemistry and toxicity data for field‐collected samples compiled from a number of different sources and geographic areas. The models for seven chemicals selected as examples showed a wide range in goodness of fit, reflecting high variability in toxicity at low concentrations and limited data on toxicity at higher concentrations for some chemicals. The models for individual test endpoints (e.g., amphipod mortality) provided a better fit to the data than the models based on all endpoints combined. A comparison of the relative sensitivity of two amphipod species to specific contaminants illustrated an important application of the logistic model approach.
Loss of capillary pericytes and the blood–brain barrier in white matter in poststroke and vascular dementias and Alzheimer’s disease

White matter (WM) disease is associated with disruption of the gliovascular unit, which involves breach of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). We quantified pericytes as components of the gliovascular unit and assessed their status in vascular and other common dementias. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent methods were developed to assess the distribution and quantification of pericytes connected to the frontal lobe WM capillaries. Pericytes with a nucleus were identified by collagen 4 (COL4) and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐β (PDGFR‐β) antibodies with further verification using PDGFR‐β‐specific ELISA. We evaluated a total of 124 post‐mortem brains from subjects with post‐stroke dementia (PSD), vascular dementia (VaD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), AD‐VaD (Mixed) and post‐stroke non‐demented (PSND) stroke survivors as well as normal aging controls. COL4 and PDGFR‐β reactive pericytes adopted the characteristic “crescent” or nodule‐like shapes around capillary walls. We estimated densities of pericyte somata to be 225 ±38 and 200 ±13 (SEM) per COL4 mm2 area or 2.0 ± 0.1 and 1.7 ± 0.1 per mm capillary length in young and older aging controls. Remarkably, WM pericytes were reduced by ~35%–45% in the frontal lobe of PSD, VaD, Mixed and AD subjects compared to PSND and controls subjects (P < 0.001). We also found pericyte numbers were correlated with PDGFR‐β reactivity in the WM. Our results first demonstrate a reliable method to quantify COL4‐positive pericytes and then, indicate that deep WM pericytes are decreased across different dementias including PSD, VaD, Mixed and AD. Our findings suggest that downregulation of pericytes is associated with the disruption of the BBB in the deep WM in several aging‐related dementias.
Oral impact on daily performance in Iranian adults

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of oral impact on daily performance (OIDP) in adults attending dental clinics in the city of Kerman, Iran. METHODS: In 2010, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on a sample of 400 patients (age 20-50 years) referring to dental centers in Kerman. Validated OIDP inventory was used to collect data. Clinical examination was also carried out by a trained interviewer. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student’s t-test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Oral and dental diseases affected at least one daily activity of all participants (100%) during the six months prior to the study. The mean OIDP score of the subjects was 19% ± 12%. The most common affected activity was eating (92.6%). The most prevalently reported oral problem was dental caries (65.3%). Subjects who had better dental hygiene (tooth brushing and flossing habits) were more likely to have lower OIDP score (P = 0.001 for brushing; P = 0.002 for flossing). CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that people who attended dental clinics had at least one oral/dental problem that effected their daily performance. Since the prevalence of OIDP was very high, providing more dental care and services is required.
The role of barriers to care on the propensity for HCV non-referral among people living with HIV.

: Twenty-five percent of HIV/HCV co-infected patients were not referred for HCV treatment despite unrestricted access in California to direct-acting antivirals (DAA) in 2018. Having unstable housing and ongoing drug use directly affected HCV treatment non-referral. However, psychiatric history and alcohol use impacted HCV treatment non-referral through the mediation of not being engaged in HIV care. Achieving HCV elimination requires DAA treatment outside conventional health settings, including substance rehabilitation centers, mental health crisis houses, and homeless shelters.
肺癌手术患者术前焦虑或抑郁的影响因素分析

背景与目的 肺癌手术患者术前焦虑、抑郁可带给患者身心双方面的危害，既往关于术前住院天数是否会使肺癌术前患者增加心理负担的研究较少。 本研究旨在探讨术前住院天数对患者心理状态是否产生影响以及恶性肿瘤患者术前知情情况对其心理状态的影响。 方法 以北京友谊医院胸外科处于肺癌围手术期的135例患者作为研究对象，采用一般调查问卷、Zung焦虑自评量表（self-rating anxiety scale, SAS）、抑郁自评量表（self-rating depression scale, SDS）对患者的一般情况资料、患者的焦虑/抑郁情况进行调查记录。 结果 入院当天SAS得分为36. 25（30.00, 42.50）分，术前1天SAS得分为37. 50（31.25, 43.75）分；入院当天SDS得分为46. 25（40.00, 52.50）分，术前1天SDS得分为47. 50（41.25, 53.75）分。 对比中国常模，入院当天焦虑患者0例，轻度抑郁患者6例，术前1天轻度焦虑患者2例，轻度抑郁患者8例；通过统计学方法分析，单一影响因素分析表明肺癌围手术期患者术前住院天数与术前焦虑、抑郁呈正相关，结果有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。 广义线性模型分析表明其他因素如知情情况、性别、年龄、婚姻状况与术前焦虑、抑郁无明显相关性。 结论 肺癌住院患者术前发生焦虑、抑郁与术前住院天数呈正相关，住院天数越多，则患者的焦虑、抑郁评分越高，医护人员应积极关注肺癌患者的心理状况，应该提倡并积极建议患者住院之前在门诊完善术前检查和术前准备，以缩短入院时间，以期降低入院后发生焦虑、抑郁等不良心理问题的风险。
Effects of tesamorelin on hepatic transcriptomic signatures in HIV-associated NAFLD

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common comorbidity among people living with HIV that has a more aggressive course than NAFLD among the general population. In a recent randomized placebo-controlled trial, we demonstrated that the growth hormone–releasing hormone analog tesamorelin reduced liver fat and prevented fibrosis progression in HIV-associated NAFLD over 1 year. As such, tesamorelin is the first strategy that has shown to be effective against NAFLD among the population with HIV. The current study leveraged paired liver biopsy specimens from this trial to identify hepatic gene pathways that are differentially modulated by tesamorelin versus placebo. Using gene set enrichment analysis, we found that tesamorelin increased hepatic expression of hallmark gene sets involved in oxidative phosphorylation and decreased hepatic expression of gene sets contributing to inflammation, tissue repair, and cell division. Tesamorelin also reciprocally up- and downregulated curated gene sets associated with favorable and poor hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis, respectively. Notably, among tesamorelin-treated participants, these changes in hepatic expression correlated with improved fibrosis-related gene score. Our findings inform our knowledge of the biology of pulsatile growth hormone action and provide a mechanistic basis for the observed clinical effects of tesamorelin on the liver.
Association of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Burden With Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis Assessed by Serial Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography

Key Points Question Is the risk factor burden of cardiovascular disease, as assessed by atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score, associated with coronary plaque progression and the development of adverse plaque characteristics? Findings In this cohort study of 1005 adult patients from an international multicenter registry who underwent serial coronary computed tomographic angiography, the progression of coronary atherosclerotic plaque volume and the development of adverse plaque characteristics was greater in patients with a high atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score. Meaning The study findings suggest that the overall cardiovascular disease risk burden is associated with the progression of coronary atherosclerosis; the progression of fibrofatty plaque and low-attenuation plaque and the development of adverse plaque characteristics appear to be accelerated in patients with a high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Molecular phylogeny of Faberia (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) based on nuclear and chloroplast sequences

Faberia is a perennial herbaceous member of Asteraceae that is mainly distributed in central and southwestern China. Nuclear (ITS) and plastid ( psbA–trnH , rbcL , matK , and trnL–F ) sequences representing five Faberia species were analyzed with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference, all of which strongly supported the monophyly of Faberia . Faberia nanchuanensis , F. cavaleriei , and F. faberi from central China form a well-supported clade. Additionally, F. sinensis and F. thibetica from southwestern China also form a well-supported clade. Incongruence between nuclear and plastid fragments was interpreted as hybridization or limited character evolution in the plastid DNA. Faberia may have descended from hybridization between Lactucinae and Crepidinae. Besides phylogenetic results, Faberia nanchuanensis is recorded for the first time from Hunan Province, and F. sinensis from the Tibet Autonomous Region.
Computed tomographic cervical myelography in horses: Technique and findings in 51 clinical cases

Abstract Background Three‐dimensional computed tomographic (CT) evaluation of the cervical vertebral column enables more accurate identification of osseous and soft tissue lesions than traditional latero‐lateral radiography. However, examination of the complete cervical vertebral column has been limited by horse size, preventing evaluation of the caudal cervical vertebrae. Objectives To describe a technique to enable CT myelography of the complete cervical spine and describe the findings in 51 horses. Animals Records of 51 horses presented for evaluation of cervical vertebral lesions. Methods A retrospective review of clinical records from all horses presented for CT myelography to further investigate possible cervical vertebral lesions was performed. A description of a novel approach to CT myelography in horses and retrospective review of the findings in clinical cases has been included. Results Degenerative joint disease was identified at 1 or more dorsal articular process joint in 50/51 horses, of which 44/51 had a site of grade 2 or greater. Spinal cord compression was observed on CT myelography in 31/51 horses, whereas attenuation of the dorsal contrast column was identified radiographically in 11/50 horses. Thirty‐three horses showed narrowing or obliteration of the intervertebral foramina at 1 or more site and osteochondral fragments were seen in 11/51 horses. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Computed tomography myelography is relatively safe and an easily performed technique with the correct equipment, enabling evaluation of the cervical vertebral structures of horses in all planes and volumetrically. It is possible that lesion extent might be underestimated with this diagnostic modality, hence interpretation should be complimented with flexed and extended views radiographically.