Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF MILK YIELD AND QUALITY IN INTENSIVE DAIRY PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN PARANÁ

SUMMARY Background: Dairy farm manager must apply strategic planning to manage the complexity of dairy production systems and produce high-quality milk. Objective. To identify and group dairy farms on the basis of milk yield and composition, animal data, and farm characteristics. Methodology. Official milk records and production variables of 26 dairy farms and 45,343 cows in the region of Arapoti, Paraná, southern Brazil (24°49′36″S 49°49′36″W, 860 m elevation), were assessed. Milk yield and composition data were analyzed using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and ascending hierarchical classification (AHC) followed by simple linear regression analysis. Results. AHC afforded five clusters of dairy farms, grouped according to milk yield and composition. MCA showed that cow age influenced mammary gland health, whereas feed management and lactation stage influenced milk composition. Regression analysis indicated that the relationships between milk composition parameters and lactation number had the same behavior in all clusters; milk protein and lactose contents decreased with increasing lactation number. A relationship was found among cow age, lactation stage, and mammary gland health, as well as among milk yield, cow age, and mammary gland health. Somatic cell count increased with cow age. Low milk yield was associated with high somatic cell counts. Mammary gland health was affected by lactation stage, and milk composition was influenced by feeding management and lactation number (cow age). Implications . The comprehension of the relationship between milk production and composition on dairy cattle farms can suggest specific decision-making for group of milk farmers, regarding nutritional and milk quality according to the production, composition and somatic cell count. Conclusion. A relationship was found among cow age, lactation stage, and mammary gland health as well as among milk yield, cow age, and mammary gland health. Multivariate statistical analysis helped to understand the relationship between milk production and composition in these dairy cattle farms. Based on these grouping results, we can suggest specific decision-making for each group of producers, regarding nutritional and milk quality according to the production, composition and somatic cell count.
Multivariate Genetic Analysis of Sex Limitation and G (cid:1) E Interaction

tal factors occurs in two basic forms. First, the effects of a factor may be larger on one sex than on another, which is known as scalar sex limitation. Second, some factors may have an effect on one sex but not on the other, which is called nonscalar sex limitation. In the classical twin study, scalar sexlimited effects cause same-sex male and same-sex female twin correlations to differ. Nonscalar sexlimited effects would cause the correlations between opposite-sex pairs of relatives to be lower than would be expected from the correlations between relatives of the same sex. One approach to modeling such effects is to allow the genetic correlation between opposite-sex dizygotic twins to be less than one-half; another is to allow the common environment correlation for opposite-sex pairs to be less than unity. Extension of this approach to the multivariate case is not straightforward. Direct extension of the Cholesky decomposition such that each Cholesky factor is allowed to correlate less than one-half in opposite-sex pairs yields a model where the order of the variables can change the goodness-of-fit of the model. It is shown that similar problems exist with a variety of multivariate and longitudinal models, and in a variety of models of genotype environment interaction. Several solutions to these problems are described.
Efficacy of Natural Oils from Neem and Eucalyptus against Chocolate Spot ( Botrytis fabae) of Faba bean ( Vicia faba L.)

: This experiment was conducted in the Department of Dry land Crop and Horticultural Sciences green house unit, Mekelle University with the main objective to evaluate the efficacy of natural oils extracted from neem (N) and eucalyptus (E) plants against chocolate spot. The natural oils were prepared at C1=3000ppm, C2= 4000ppm and C3=5000ppm concentration levels from each Neem and Eucalyptus. Three Faba bean varieties viz: hachalu (V1), moti (V2) and gora (V3) were grown at Mekelle University greenhouse arranged using CRD experimental design with factorial experiment replicated trice. Data on disease incidence, inhibition, severity and number of aborted flowers per plant, number of diseased leaves per plant and number of pods per plant were recorded. Maximum inhibition was observed from NV2C3 (72%) followed by NV3C3 (69%), EV3C3 (68%) and NV1C2 (64%) whereas minimum inhibition was scored in NV1C3 (23%). Maximum incidence was observed in EV1C1 (27%) while minimum incidence was recorded from EV1C3 (19%). Maximum severity (55%) was recorded from EV1C1 and EV3C1 followed by EV3C2 (53%) whereas the least severity of 25% was recorded from NV1C2, NV1C3, NV2C3 and NV3C3. The statistical analysis confirmed that the varieties had responded to the concentration differently and shown significant positive effect on the parameters studied. Therefore, chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae) disease of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) can be inhibited by natural oils extracted from Neem and Eucalyptus. extracts globules seed borne pathogens by different species of that among other plant species was highly effective against a number of species of the test pathogen.
Impact of Intra Household Gender Representationon Maternal Health Care in Rural India

This paper examines the determinants of maternal healthcare utilisationin rural India. The impact of a various socio-demographic variables on full antenatal care, safe delivery and postnatal care, which are considered as important interventions for safe motherhood, have been analysed.The study utilises the DLHS-3 conducted during 2007-08 and Binary logistic regression to carry out the analysis. The results confirmed that wealth level, women's education level, age at first birth and gender representation in the household are consistent predictors of maternal health careutilisation. Moreover, awareness about health services significantly improves its utilisation among mother’s.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in inﬂammation control

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. PPAR (cid:1) is highly expressed in liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, heart and the vascular wall. PPAR (cid:2) is predominantly detected in adipose tissue, intestine and macrophages. PPARs are activated by fatty-acid derivatives and pharmacological agents such as ﬁbrates and glitazones which are speciﬁc for PPAR (cid:1) and PPAR (cid:2) respectively. PPARs regulate lipid and lipoprotein metab-olism, glucose homeostasis, cell proliferation and dif-ferentiation, and apoptosis. PPAR (cid:1) controls intra- and extracellular lipid metabolisms whereas PPAR (cid:2) triggers adipocyte di ﬀ erentiation and promotes lipid storage. In addition, PPARs also modulate the inﬂammatory response. PPAR activators have been shown to exert anti-inﬂammatory activities in various cell types by inhibiting the expression of proinﬂammatory genes such as cytokines, metalloproteases and acute-phase proteins. PPARs negatively regulate the transcription of inﬂammatory response genes by antagonizing the AP-1, nuclear factor- (cid:3) B (NF-(cid:3) B), signal transducer and activator of transcription and nuclear factor of activated T-cells signalling pathways and by stimulating the catabolism of proinﬂammatory eicosanoids. These recent ﬁndings indicate a modulatory role for PPARs in inﬂammation with potential therapeutical applications in chronic inﬂammatory diseases.
Diversity in Nonprofit Entrepreneurship

the start-up environment does equal support for innovation and do we a system perpetuates and duplicates systemic failures to address the of marginalized populations? Are we a space entrepreneurship perpetuates racial discrimination due to a lack of understanding of what allows a new nonprofit to succeed? What is the risk that marginalized people — including people of color — are subject to a start-up system that are not best equipped to formulate solutions because they are often fueled by donors and outside actors who may have genuine interest but have limited understanding of the issues that marginalized people face? To what extent is that risk handicapping the planning and implementation of innovative ideas from nonprofits focused on minority and marginalized groups?
Effect of chitosan coating combined with custard apple (Annona squamosa l.) peel extract on the quality of pacific white shrimp during cold storage

This study examined the changes in the quality of the Pacific white shrimps coated with chitosan incorporated with custard apple peel extract (ASE). Generally, there was a positive effect on texture, color, and biochemical characteristics of shrimp samples treated with either chitosan coating or chitosan coating combined with ASE as against the control after 12 days of storage at 4°C. The increases in the values of weight loss, pH, peroxide values, total volatile basic nitrogen, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances of shrimps were significantly inhibited in shrimps treated with a chitosan-ASE coating. Coating with chitosan combined with ASE at a concentration of 300 mg GAE/L was proven as the most effective preservation method for whiteleg shrimp during cold storage. Thereby, it may suggest that the combination of chitosan and ASE could be used as an effective alternative for the natural coating to extend the shelf-life and maintain the shrimp quality.
Leaf morphogenesis: The multifaceted roles of mechanics Leaf morphogenesis: The multifaceted roles of mechanics.

Plants produce a rich diversity of biological forms, and the diversity of leaves is especially notable. Mechanisms of leaf morphogenesis have been studied in the past two decades, with a growing focus on the inter-active roles of mechanics in recent years. Growth of plant organs involves feedback by mechanical stress: growth induces stress, and stress affects growth and morphogenesis. Although much attention has been given to potential stress-sensing mechanisms and cellular responses, the mechanical principles guiding morphogenesis have not been well understood. Here we synthesize the overarching roles of mechanics and mechanical stress in multilevel and multiple stages of leaf morphogenesis, encompassing leaf primordium initiation, phyllotaxis and venation patterning, and the establishment of complex mature leaf shapes. Moreover, the roles of mechanics at multiscale levels, from subcellular cytoskeletal molecules to single cells to tissues at the organ scale, are articulated. By highlighting the role of mechanical buckling in the formation of three-dimensional leaf shapes, this review integrates the perspectives of mechanics and biology to provide broader insights into the mechanobiology of leaf morphogenesis. Mol. Plant. 15 ,
Sensitivity of the Fatigue Life of Asphalt Concrete to Testing Variables

The serviceability of flexible pavement is related to the fatigue life of asphalt concrete mixture. However, the loading, environment, ageing can influence the fatigue life. In the present investigation, asphalt concrete slab samples were prepared using laboratory roller compaction, beam specimens were extracted from the slab samples and tested under repeated flexural stresses. The beam specimens of 400 mm length and 50 mm height and 63 mm width were extracted from the slab samples. The beam specimens were subjected to the four-point repeated flexural bending beam test. Fatigue life of asphalt concrete mixture was assessed at three microstrain levels, (250, 400, and 750), three test temperatures, (5, 20, and 30) °C, and three asphalt binder contents, (optimum, optimum +0.5, and optimum -0.5) %. It was observed that the fatigue life declines after ageing, moisture damage, low testing temperature, high microstrain level, and lower binder content. However, the stiffness also declines at lower binder content. At 400 micro-strain level, the fatigue life declines by (30.3 and 57) % after practicing short-term and long-term ageing processes respectively. However, the fatigue life declines by (59.6) % after practicing moisture damage process. The fatigue life increases by (480, and 1370) % when the testing temperature rises from (5 to 20, and 30) °C respectively. The fatigue life of asphalt concrete increases by (43.4 and 67.7) % when the asphalt binder content rises from (4.4 to 4.9, and 5.4) % respectively.
A Review and Implementation of Object Detection Models and Optimizations for Real-time Medical Mask Detection during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are commonly used for the problem of object detection thanks to their increased accuracy. Nevertheless, the performance of CNN-based detection models is ambiguous when detection speed is considered. To the best of our knowledge, there has not been sufficient evaluation of the available methods in terms of the speed/accuracy trade-off in related literature. This work assesses the most fundamental object detection models on the Common Objects in Context (COCO) dataset with respect to this trade-off, their memory consumption, and computational and storage cost. Next, we select a highly efficient model called YOLOv5 to train on the topical and unexplored dataset of human faces with medical masks, the Properly-Wearing Masked Faces Dataset (PWMFD), and analyze the benefits of specific optimization techniques for real-time medical mask detection: transfer learning, data augmentations, and a Squeeze-and-Excitation attention mechanism. Using our findings in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, we propose an optimized model based on YOLOv5s using transfer learning for the detection of correctly and incorrectly worn medical masks that surpassed more than two times in speed (69 frames per second) the state-of-the-art model SE-YOLOv3 on the PWMFD dataset while maintaining the same level of mean Average Precision (67%).
E ﬀ ects of Genetic Variation on Urinary Small Molecule Signatures of Mice after Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: A Study of p53 Deﬁciency

: Due to risks from potential exposures to ionizing radiation (IR), improved radiological countermeasures are required, as well as rapid high-throughput biodosimetry. Genotypic variation in the general population contributes to di ﬀ erences in radiosensitivity that may a ﬀ ect biodosimetry accuracy. Previous studies utilized radiosensitive mutant mouse models (Parp1 − / − and Atm − / − ) to determine the e ﬀ ects of genotypic deﬁciency on radiation signatures. Here, we extend this approach by examining changes in the urinary metabolome in a hematopoietic (HP) resistant mouse model (p53 − / − ) after IR exposure. As p53 is a primary regulator in radiation response and apoptosis, limited hematopoietic stem cell apoptosis leads to reduced mortality at doses of ~8–10 Gy but increased mortality at higher doses ( > 15 Gy) due to mitotic catastrophe in gastrointestinal (GI) crypt cells. Urine was collected from mice (wild-type (WT), p53 +/ − , and p53 − / − ) pre-irradiation and at 4 and 24 h after total body irradiation (TBI) (WT: 8 and 10 Gy; p53 − / − : 10 Gy) for metabolic phenotyping using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) platform. Minimal di ﬀ erences were detected between unirradiated WT, p53 +/ − , and p53 − / − mice. While similar perturbations were observed for metabolites involved in tryptophan, vitamin B6, and histamine pathways, glycine conjugation, and redox metabolism for WT and p53 − / − mice after TBI, an overall dampened response was observed in p53-deﬁcient mice. Despite comparable metabolite patterns between genotypes, di ﬀ erentiation was achieved through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with high speciﬁcity and sensitivity for carnitine, N1-acetylspermidine, and creatine. These studies highlight that both attenuated and dampened metabolic responses due to genetic variability in the general population need to be addressed in biodosimetry frameworks. − mice after a total body irradiation (TBI) dose (WT: 8 and 10 Gy; p53 − / − : 10 Gy) to elicit hematopoietic syndrome but not cause severe GI injury. As hypothesized, we found greater perturbation in the urinary proﬁles of WT mice compared to p53 − / − mice at 4 and 24 h. Nine validated metabolites exhibited similar trends between genotypes but were not statistically signiﬁcant in p53 − / − mice (except N1-acetylspermidine at 24 h). One consistent metabolite indicative of IR exposure, carnitine, showed no change in p53 − / − mice and when combined with N1-acetylspermidine and creatine could di ﬀ erentiate between genotypes post-exposure with high sensitivity and speciﬁcity. These results suggest compensatory mechanisms
Effect of intercropping patterns and nitrogen fertilization levels on yield and yield components of maize and soybean

A field experiments was carried out at Sers El-Lian Agriculture Research Station Monofiya Governorate during summer seasons 2010 and 2011 to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer levels and intercropping patterns on yield and yield attributes of maize with soybean intercropping. A split-plot design was used the main plot contains three nitrogen fertilizer were 90, 105 and 120 kg N/fad. and the sub plot include three intercropping patterns (P 1 ) (100% maize + 25% soybean), (P 2 ) (100% maize + 50% soybean) and (P 3 ) (100% maize + 75% soybean) with three replications. pattern (100% maize + 25% soybean) and nitrogen fertilizer level 120 kg N/fad. in the first and the second seasons, respectively.
The Study of Tooth Erosion Tested by the Color Digital Holography (CDH) Detection System

This study presents a color digital holography (CDH) detection system that includes the optical path and a numerical calculation program to detect tooth erosion under different acid-etching conditions. Etched cattle enamel samples were pressurized within the elastic interval, and the CDH detection system was used to rebuild the three-dimensional deformation field of these samples. Young’s modulus of these samples was employed to evaluate the mechanical properties of enamels by statistical methods. The results show that Young’s modulus of enamel decreases with the increase in etching time, while it decreases slightly with the increase in the etching temperature, and the etching temperature has no effect on the non-etched enamels. Moreover, the detection process proves the CDH detection system has the advantages of high precision, full-field detection, and being non-destructive, fast, and stable. It is expected to have broad application potential for CDH detection systems in the detection of tooth erosion.
Spectroscopic Evaluation of Nitrate and Nitrite Concentrations in Selected Fruits and Vegetables

— This study evaluates the concentration of nitrate and nitrite in selected fruits and vegetables sold in Lafia, Nasarawa state. A total of 15 samples comprising two different fruits (orange and watermelon) and three vegetables (spinach, onion and pepper) were used for this purpose. Nitrate content was obtained by derivative spectrophotometric method and nitrite by colorimetric method. The results showed that all fruits and vegetables analyzed contained detectable levels of nitrate and nitrite except for the orange and watermelon purchased from seller B which had nitrate and nitrite content below the detection limit respectively. The mean nitrate concentrations of the samples were 1348.91 mg/kg for orange, 3539.98 mg/kg for watermelon, 3540.00 mg/kg for spinach, 1434.55 mg/kg for onion and 2669.27 mg/kg for pepper. In addition, the mean nitrate concentrations of watermelon, spinach and pepper were above the maximum level of 2500 mg/kg stipulated by EC, WHO and FAO as opposed to those of orange and onion which were below the specified maximum level. Mean nitrite concentrations which ranged from 0.00025 mg/kg to 0.00039 mg/kg for the fruits and 0.00037 mg/Kg to 0.00056 mg/kg for the vegetables were all below the 100 mg/kg maximum level specified by WHO.
Case-Control Genetic Association Investigated the Relationship between Copy Number Variants and Non-Syndromic Obstructive Heart Defect Risk

: This case-control genetic association study investigated the relationship between copy number variants (CNV) and non-syndromic obstructive heart defect risk. Genotype data from 570 infants with left- and right-sided obstructive heart defects and 828 control infants were used for CNV discovery and statistical comparison. In this study, methods for specific aim 1 and 2 are presented. Visualization of potential mCNVs was conducted throughout construction of the pipeline and was found to be crucial with the accurate identification of mCNVs. Because of this, we maintained our probe cutoff for mCNVs to a minimum of 20 SNP probes per potential mCNV. Because centromeric and telomeric regions contain an excessive number of duplications, we removed these regions from consideration. Finally, we identified several large false positive mCNVs in our dataset and elected to remove all potential mCNVs larger than 5,000,000 bases. frequency (BAF) for each SNP. The LRR measure is a surrogate measure for a single SNP probe’s fluorescent intensity during scanning. The BAF is a normalized measure of the allele ratio between the A and B allele and is a value between 0 and 1. A value of 0 suggests the presence of a B homozygote (BB), a value of 0.5 indicates a heterozygote (AB) and a value of 1 indicates an A homozygote (AA). The BAF and LRR SNP measurements are required to identify CNVs from microarray data with most CNV identification applications ( Lin, Naj, & Wang, 2013 ; Liu et al., 2013 ; Wineinger et al., 2008 ) . GenomeStudio.
inferences about integron evolution from genomic data.

Background: Integrons are mechanisms that facilitate horizontal gene transfer, allowing bacteria to integrate and express foreign DNA. These are important in the exchange of antibiotic resistance determinants, but can also transfer a diverse suite of genes unrelated to pathogenicity. Here, we provide a systematic analysis of the distribution and diversity of integron intI genes and integron-containing bacteria. Results: We found integrons in 103 different pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria, in six major phyla. Integrons were widely scattered, and their presence was not confined to specific clades within bacterial orders. Nearly 1/3 of the intI genes that we identified were pseudogenes, containing either an internal stop codon or a frameshift mutation that would render the protein product non-functional. Additionally, 20% of bacteria contained more than one integrase gene. dN/dS ratios revealed mutational hotspots in clades of Vibrio and Shewanella intI genes. Finally, we characterized the gene cassettes associated with integrons in Methylobacillus flagellatus KT and Dechloromonas aromatica RCB, and found a heavy metal efflux