Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Automated and Participative Decision Support in Computer-Aided Credibility Assessment

Historically, inaccurate credibility assessments have resulted in tremendous costs to businesses and to society. Recent research offers unobtrusive credibility assessment aids as a solution; however, the accuracy of these decision aids is inadequate, and users often resist accepting the aids' recommendations. We follow the principles of signal detection theory to improve the accuracy of recommendations in computer-aided credibility assessment by combining automated and participatory decision support. We also leverage participation in decision-making theory to explain and predict an increased acceptance of assessment aid recommendations when perceptual cues are elicited from users. Based on these two theories, we design and test a hybrid decision aid to perform automated linguistic analysis and to elicit and analyze perceptual cues from an observer. Results from a laboratory experiment indicate that decision aids that use linguistic and perceptual cues offer more accurate recommendations than aids that use only one type of cue. Automatic analysis of linguistic cues improved both the decision aid's recommendations and the users' credibility assessment accuracy. Challenging the generalizability of past findings, the elicitation of perceptual cues did not improve the decision aid's recommendations or the users' assessment accuracy. Elicitation of perceptual cues, however, did improve user acceptance of the decision aid's recommendations. These findings provide guidance for future development of credibility assessment decision aids.
Android on Mobile Devices: An Energy Perspective

Mobile devices and embedded devices need more processing power but energy consumption should be less to save battery power. Open Handset Alliance (OHA) hosting members like Google, Motorola, HTC etc released an open source platform Android for mobile devices. Android is also used in netbook and embedded platform. Android runs on top of linux kernel with a custom JVM set on top of it. Android uses new power management framework to save power in mobile devices. Android developers are allowed to build only JAVA applications. Google tries to make Android as energy efficient as possible to save battery power in mobile devices. In this work, we present benefits of using Android in low power embedded devices. We compared Android JAVA performance with popular Sun embedded JVM running on top of Angstrom linux. Our work shows that Android provides better VM designs but consumes more energy due to lack of dynamic compiler in Dalvik JVM. The implication is that, Android can become more energy efficient by implementing an optimized dynamic compiler in Dalvik JVM.
The monsoon regime of the currents in the Indian Ocean

Abstract : All hydrographic data collected during the International Indian Ocean Expedition from 1960 to 1965, and additional data from previous years, have been compiled at the University of Hawaii so that an atlas of the physical oceanography of the Indian Ocean can be prepared. The present investigation, which is based on these data, is limited to a discussion of the effects of the monsoonal winds on the surface circulation north of 20 degrees S. Although the accumulated data is the most comprehensive material on the Indian Ocean, it is still very heterogeneous; hence, it was necessary to apply statistical criteria in order to remove errors and variations that were introduced partly by nonsynoptic observations. The first part of this investigation presents the dynamic topographies of the sea surface for spring, early summer, late summer, fall, and winter. The second part presents a theoretical model in an attempt to interpret the peculiarities of the monsoonal circulation.
The Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL): Sounding the Atmosphere at 80º North

M ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENTS in the High Arctic is challenging because of the remoteness of the area, the difficult transportation, the inconsistent communications, and the extreme environmental conditions. In 2003, after the Environment Canada (EC) Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Observatory (AStrO) closed, the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC), a group of university and government scientists, identified a High Arctic observatory as a high-priority need to improve research measurements over the Canadian portion of the Arctic. Significant effort was given to selecting a site and acquiring the required funding to populate it. This activity gained fresh urgency with the planning of the International Polar Year (IPY) in 2007 – 08. A High Arctic observatory would directly respond to the IPY intention not only to make intensive measurements throughout the IPY time frame, but also to “leave a legacy of observing sites, facilities and systems to support ongoing polar research and monitoring” (ICSU, 2004:10). After some consideration of alternative sites, CANDAC decided to concentrate activities at Eureka (80 ̊ N, 86 ̊ W, see Fig. 1). The research site was designated the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL), and CANDAC began to seek funding for equipment and operations. PEARL, which formally began operations in 2005, supports research in three broad areas: air quality, ozone, and climate change. Subsequent experience has amply demonstrated the appropriateness of the site, and several advantages that were not apparent at the time of site selection affirm Eureka as a uniquely suitable location for atmospheric (and now other) measurements in the Canadian sector of the High Arctic.
On identifying the most time-saving walking route in a trackless mountainous terrain

Abstract A procedure is presented to find the most efficient walking route to inspect 16 rain gauges within a mountainous location on the Faeroe Islands. Measured walking times on varying slopes and crossing shallow rivers were used as inputs to establish a friction-based cost surface. Subsequently, a cost path analysis led to identification of a web of least-cost paths between the locations. Finally, the most time-saving route to visit all rain gauges in one round trip from the base camp was found using network optimizing software.
Listeria monocytogenes DNA Glycosylase AdlP Affects Flagellar Motility, Biofilm Formation, Virulence, and Stress Responses

ABSTRACT The temperature-dependent alteration of flagellar motility gene expression is critical for the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes to respond to a changing environment. In this study, a genetic determinant, L. monocytogenes f2365_0220 (lmof2365_0220), encoding a putative protein that is structurally similar to the Bacillus cereus alkyl base DNA glycosylase (AlkD), was identified. This determinant was involved in the transcriptional repression of flagellar motility genes and was named adlP (encoding an AlkD-like protein [AdlP]). Deletion of adlP activated the expression of flagellar motility genes at 37°C and disrupted the temperature-dependent inhibition of L. monocytogenes motility. The adlP null strains demonstrated decreased survival in murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells and less virulence in mice. Furthermore, the deletion of adlP significantly decreased biofilm formation and impaired the survival of bacteria under several stress conditions, including the presence of a DNA alkylation compound (methyl methanesulfonate), an oxidative agent (H2O2), and aminoglycoside antibiotics. Our findings strongly suggest that adlP may encode a bifunctional protein that transcriptionally represses the expression of flagellar motility genes and influences stress responses through its DNA glycosylase activity. IMPORTANCE We discovered a novel protein that we named AlkD-like protein (AdlP). This protein affected flagellar motility, biofilm formation, and virulence. Our data suggest that AdlP may be a bifunctional protein that represses flagellar motility genes and influences stress responses through its DNA glycosylase activity.
Optimal management of Pinus pinaster in Galicia (Spain) under risk of fire

Pinus pinaster is the most important conifer in Galicia in terms of volume and production, occurs mainly in plantations. Forest fires are the main threat to forest plantations, affecting optimal stand management. The aim of this study was to develop management prescriptions for P. pinaster based on growth and yield models and optimisations. The objective function was soil expectation value, calculated taking the expected fire losses into account. Fire risk was assumed to consist of two components, probability of occurrence and damage. As the main cause of forest fires in Galicia is arson, the manager cannot significantly influence fire occurrence, which was assumed to be exogenous. Salvage was treated as an endogenous factor depending on the management schedule followed in the stand. Optimisations were done for different initial stands, timber assortments, discount rates and probabilities of fire occurrence. Based on the optimisation results, regression models were developed for the optimal rotation length as well as the timing and intensity of thinnings. The results show that when fire risk is partly endogenous, optimal rotation lengths become shorter with increasing probability of fire occurrence, and optimal thinning becomes heavier and earlier. However, without a price reduction for burned timber, the optimal rotation length increases with increasing probability of fire.
JULIA radar studies of electric fields in the equatorial electrojet

First results from the JULIA radar at Jicamarca are presented. These include coherent scatter observations of the equatorial electrojet and of 150‐km echoes. Interferometry is used to measure the zonal drift rate of kilometer scale waves in the electrojet as functions of altitude. A technique for estimating the background zonal electric field from the interferometry data is described. The electric field estimates can be calibrated against the Doppler speed of the 150‐km echoes when the latter are present. The kilometer‐scale wave drifts sometimes exhibit large‐amplitude, periodic height variations with vertical wavelengths of about 10 km. These signatures are reminiscent of the wind profiles measured with chemical release techniques in the lower thermosphere during the Guará campaign.
Mean Circulation and Internal Variability in an Ocean Primitive Equation Model

Abstract A primitive equation World Ocean model has been integrated with restoring boundary conditions to reach a steady state. The global distribution of potential temperature, salinity, and meridional streamfunction are consistent with observations. In steady state, the effective freshwater fluxes were diagnosed, and the model has been integrated further prescribing these freshwater fluxes. The ocean circulation undergoes self-sustained oscillations over a wide range of timescales, ranging from decadal to millennium. Most pronounced are self-sustained oscillations with a timescale of 20, 300, and 1000 years. The latter two oscillations are coupled. They consist of density (salinity) anomalies that circulate through the global conveyor belt, periodically enhancing convection in the Southern Ocean and limiting convection in the northern North Atlantic. The timescale is set by the vertical diffusion, which destabilizes the stratification in the Southern Ocean when convection is weak. The 20-yr oscillation .
PAC-Bayesian Meta-Learning: From Theory to Practice

Meta-Learning aims to accelerate the learning on new tasks by acquiring useful inductive biases from related data sources. In practice, the number of tasks available for meta-learning is often small. Yet, most of the existing approaches rely on an abundance of meta-training tasks, making them prone to overﬁtting. How to regularize the meta-learner to ensure generalization to unseen tasks , is a central question in the literature. We provide a theoretical analysis using the PAC-Bayesian framework and derive the ﬁrst bound for meta-learners with unbounded loss functions . Crucially, our bounds allow us to derive the PAC-optimal hyper-posterior (PACOH)— the closed-form-solution of the PAC-Bayesian meta-learning problem , thereby avoiding the reliance on nested optimization, giving rise to an optimization problem amenable to standard variational methods that scale well . Our experiments show that, when instantiating the PACOH with Gaussian processes and Bayesian Neural Networks as base learners, the resulting methods are more scalable, and yield state-of-the-art performance, both in terms of predictive accuracy and the quality of uncertainty estimates. Finally, thanks to the principled treatment of uncertainty, our meta-learners can also be successfully employed for sequential decision problems .
Effects of irrigation on the physico-chemical quality of water in irrigated areas

High demand for water is driving potentially unsustainable practices and competition for water resources between various sectors in developing areas. As a result of improved quality of life and population growth, increase in demand for fresh water is anticipated in all African countries in all sectors, over the next 10 years. This study examines the effects of dry season irrigation farming (fadama) on the physical and chemical quality of the River Osin which receives both surface and subsurface flow from irrigated areas in the Upper Osin Catchment, Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of 90 samples were obtained from Upstream (UPS), Irrigated area (IRG) and Downstream (DNS) segments of the river in the dry and rainy seasons. Water samples were analysed for pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), suspended solids, dissolved organic matter (DOM), pesticides (ionic basic type), Na+, K+, Mg2+,Cl-, NO3 -, PO4 3-, Ca2+ and HCO3 -. The results indicate that values of agricultural pollutants such as pesticides (CuSO4), NO3 - and PO4 3- were significantly higher at IRG than at UPS, and decreased slightly at DNS, while all other anions and cations except DOM reached peak values at DNS. Agricultural pollutants (NO3 -, PO4 3- and pesticides) contributed significantly to poor water quality observed at IRG and DNS segments but the values are within acceptable tolerance range at UPS. The findings further indicate that irrigation practice degrades the quality of water at IRG and DNS segments. As a result, a holistic approach to agriculture and water resource management is recommended to ensure sustainable water resources development in the catchment.
Ozone depletion observed by the Airborne Submillimeter Radiometer (ASUR) during the Arctic winter 1999/2000

[1] In the winter 1999/2000 the Airborne Submillimeter Radiometer (ASUR) participated in the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment/Third European Stratospheric Experiment on Ozone project on board the NASA research aircraft DC-8. During three deployments in early December 1999, late January, and early March 2000, the ASUR instrument took various measurements of ozone and key species related to stratospheric ozone chemistry. After the sunlight reached the vortex region in January 2000 peak values of about 1.8 ppb ClO were measured by ASUR. There was nearly no ozone destruction observed during the period between mid December 1999 and late January 2000. As expected from ASUR observation of high chlorine activation and continuously low temperatures until mid March, significant ozone depletion was observed between late January and mid March 2000. In order to determine ozone loss it is important to separate dynamical and chemical effects. Since N2O is a good tracer due to its chemical stability in the lower stratosphere for determining ozone changes due to descent of air, ozone loss can be estimated from simultaneous measurements of ozone and N2O by ASUR. Between mid December 1999 and mid March 2000 a chemical ozone loss of about 30% (eq 1.1 ppm) in the altitude range between 19.0 and 22.2 km and of about 40% (eq 1.15 ppm) between 16.0 and 18.1 km was observed. The air masses subsided 2.1–3.2 km in the lower stratosphere due to diabatic descent in the period from mid December 1999 to mid March 2000 as derived from ASUR N2O measurements. Vortex-averaged ASUR measurements of ozone are systematical greater than results from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) which has a similar vertical resolution than ASUR. This, however, has little impact on the determination of delta ozone and chemical loss estimates.
"Your eye is sparkling": Formulaic expressions and routines in Turkish

There are certain pre-coded (formulaic) utterances conventionally triggered by certain communication situations, and their use is expected and deemed appropriate because they are seen as part of everyday politeness formulas. Lack of an English equivalent indicates cultural differences governing their use. Some routines are taught explicitly and their use is prompted by adults in socializing children. These expressions are part of every competent speaker's repertoire, and include proverbs, idioms, greetings, apologies, thanks, and leave-taking. Turkish is rich in formulaic expressions, both spoken and written, evidenced in proverbs, idioms, and one-word formulas serving different functions in different contexts. A study investigated the structure and function of such routines in Turkish in naturally-occurring and filmed conversations of a variety of individuals. Subjects were equal numbers of males and females aged 30-55. Only two of the formulaic expressions identified were proverbs; the remainder were pragmatic idioms. Analysis indicates that the expressions were used as politeness devices, helping the conversation progress smoothly. It is concluded that the study of prefabricated, routinized expressions can reveal both a substantial part of the native speaker's communicative competence and the values and beliefs of the society. A 31-item bibliography is included. (MSE) *******************A*****M******************************************* A Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ************************************************************xft********* "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC). " U.S. DEPARTMENT Of EDUCATION Office of Educational riesearch and 1mProvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) kTeThis document has been 'sororities(' as received from the person or organization originating it 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction Quality Poin, of view Or opinions staled in this document do not necessarily represent official OER1 Position or policy Your eye is sparkling: Formulaic expressions and routines in Turkishl
Impact of high Saharan dust inputs on dissolved iron concentrations in the Mediterranean Sea

During the PROSOPE cruise (Sept. 1999) in the Mediterranean Sea, dissolved iron concentrations in seawater and iron and aluminium concentrations in aerosols collected on board were investigated. Concentrations in aerosols were about two times higher in the Tyrrhenian Sea than in the west (Alboran Sea). This was in good agreement with the observed increase in dissolved iron concentrations in the surface waters from West to East. Depth profiles were characterised by a maximum in the surface mixed layer. Using an in vitro experiment, iron released from Saharan dust during the season characterized by a stratified water column and a low primary productivity was estimated: it resulted in an accumulation of 0.5–0.8 nM dissolved iron, in good agreement with the observed iron enrichment in the surface water (0.8 nM). This study confirms the significance of atmospheric input of Saharan origin on the iron cycle in the Mediterranean Sea.
The development and operational application of nonlinear algorithms for the measurement of sea surface temperatures with the NOAA polar‐orbiting environmental satellites

Since 1990, the NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS) has provided satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) measurements based on nonlinear SST algorithms, using advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) multiple-infrared window channel data. This paper develops linear and nonlinear SST algorithms from the radiative transfer equation. It is shown that the nonlinear algorithms are more accurate than linear algorithms but that the functional dependence of the nonlinearity is data dependent. This theoretical discussion (sections 2–4) is followed with a discussion in section 5 of the accuracy over a 9-year period of the satellite-derived SST measurements provided by NOAA NESDIS when compared with coincident drifting buoys. Between 1989 and 1998 the global scatter of the daytime satellite SST against drifting buoy measurements has decreased from ∼0.8° to 0.5°C, while the nighttime scatter has remained fairly constant at 0.5°C. An exception to these accuracy measurements occurred after the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in June 1991.
High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder measurements of gravity wave activity in the 2006 Arctic stratosphere

[1] Observations from the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) instrument on NASA's Aura satellite are used to quantify gravity wave momentum fluxes in the middle atmosphere. The period around the 2006 Arctic sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is investigated, during which a substantial elevation of the stratopause occurred. Analysis of the HIRDLS results, together with analysis of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting zonal winds, provide direct evidence of wind filtering of the gravity wave spectrum during this period. This confirms previous hypotheses from model studies and further contributes to our understanding of the effects of gravity wave driving on the winter polar stratopause.
Contextualizing Multiple Tasks via Learning to Decompose

One single instance could possess multiple portraits and reveal diverse relationships with others according to different contexts. Those ambiguities increase the difficulty of learning a generalizable model when there exists one concept or mixed concepts in a task. We propose a general approach Learning to Decompose Network (LEADNET) for both two cases, which contextualizes a model through meta-learning multiple maps for concepts discovery — the representations of instances are decomposed and adapted conditioned on the contexts. Through taking a holistic view over multiple latent components over instances in a sampled pseudo task, LEADNET learns to automatically select the right concept via incorporating those rich semantics inside and between objects. LEADNET demonstrates its superiority in various applications, including exploring multiple views of confusing tasks, out-of-distribution recognition, and few-shot image classification.
Determination of the Effect of Compost on Soil Microorganisms

In this study, the effect of the addition of various percentages of kitchen waste compost to soil on the soil microorganisms was investigated under laboratory conditions. The compost treatments were done by adding 10 % (compost treatment of 10% = CT-10), 20 % (CT-20) and 30 % (CT-30) compost to the soil. Compost and soil were mixed completely to get homogeneous mixtures. An untreated soil (CS) and a compost without soil (CC) were used as controls. The mixtures incubated for 28 days at 27 o C. The numbers of total bacteria for CT-20 and CT-30 increased by addition of kitchen waste compost, but compost was not effective for CT-10 at the end of the incubation. The actinomycetes numbers increased for CT-10 and CT-20, but decreased for CT-30 at final. In general, numbers of fungi-yeast in soils treated with compost, declined over the incubation period in the present study. Anaerobic bacteria number increased for CT-10 and CT-20 while decreased for CT-30. At the end of the incubation period, proteolytic bacteria numbers decreased for all treatments and controls.