Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phase plane analysis of one-dimensional reaction diffusion waves with degenerate reaction terms

This paper demonstrates the existence of a minimum wave speed for reaction diffusion systems whose permanent form travelling wave solutions satisfy the nonlinear ordinary differential equation u'' + cu' + f ( u , u' ; c ) = 0 when there are two equilibrium points, one of which is not hyperbolic, under certain restrictions on the behaviour of f . It also shows how to construct a trapping region in the phase plane, which leads to an upper bound on the value of the minimum wave speed. This class of systems includes autocatalytic reactions of order greater than one and combustion waves in premixed gaseous and solid fuels.
The Challenges of Youth Entrepreneurship from a Local Government Perspective in South Africa

This paper examines the challenges of youth entrepreneurship and aims to understand whether the local government sector in South Africa can act as a catalyst in consolidating youth entrepreneurship. The local government sector is essential in South Africa as it is mandated to grow and improve local infrastructure and community services and contribute towards economic development. Opening opportunities for young people in the entrepreneurship domain can help reduce unemployment. Through funding and training opportunities, the local government sector, a branch of government closer to the people, can play a significant role in fostering youth entrepreneurship. A qualitative research approach was employed where a literature review was untaken. Findings revealed that an increasing youth unemployment rate faced South Africa, negatively affecting the need for inclusive development. The paper found that local government can contribute towards reducing youth unemployment by implementing programs encouraging and capacitating youth entrepreneurship and prioritizing entrepreneurship education. However, it was also revealed that the local government sector is confronted with several challenges, such as corruption, wasteful expenditure, and a lack of skilled personnel. Unless these issues are addressed, it will be impossible for the sector to consolidate policies that support and encourage youth entrepreneurship. Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Development; Inclusive; Support; Unemployment; Youth
Improved epitaxial texture of thick YBa2Cu3O7−δ/GdBa2Cu3O7−δ films with periodic stress releasing

Thick high-Tc superconducting films consisting of a YBa2Cu3O7−δ/GdBa2Cu3O7−δ periodic architecture are developed on oxid-buffered Hastelloy tapes using a pulsed laser deposition process. It is revealed that multilayer intermittent structures for superconducting layers are effective to avoid the presence of a-axis grains and microcracks that occur with increasing thickness, which are frequently observed in monolayer films of REBa2Cu3O7−δ (RE = Y, Gd, or other rare earths), such grains and cracks being the significant challenge for obtaining high critical current in coated conductors. Presently, the thicknesses of multilayer films vary from 0.5 μm to 3 μm and, based on the SEM images and x-ray φ-scans, hardly show the influences on the microstructures and grain orientation of the c-axis. Also, the characteristic Raman spectrum patterns and their shifting with increasing the thickness of YBCO/GdBCO imply that the superior texture is obtained due to the evolution of stress dominated by the compressive stress rather than tensile stress.
An Online Parsing Framework for Semistructured Streaming System Logs of Internet of Things Systems

This article presents a novel log abstraction framework based on neural open information extraction (OpenIE) and dynamic word embedding principles. Though various log parsing frameworks are proposed in the literature, the existing frameworks are modeled on predefined heuristics or auto-regressive methodologies that work well in offline scenarios. However, these frameworks are less suitable for dynamic self-adaptive systems, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), where the log outputs have diverse contextual variations and disparate time irregularities. Therefore, it is essential to move away from these traditional approaches and develop a systematic model that can effectively analyze log outputs in real-time and increase the system up-time of IoT networks so that they are almost always available. To address these needs, the proposed framework used OpenIE along with term frequency/inverse document frequency (TF/IDF) vectorization for constructing a set of relational triples (aka triple-sets). Additionally, a dynamic pretrained encoder–decoder architecture is utilized to imbibe the positional and contextualized information in its resultant outputs. The adopted methodology has enabled the proposed framework to extract richer word representations with dynamic contextualization of time-sensitive event logs to enhance further downstream activities, such as failure prediction and prognostic analysis of IoT networks. The proposed framework is evaluated on the system event log traces accumulated from a long range wide-area network (LoRaWAN) IoT gateway to proactively determine the probable causes of its various failure scenarios. Additionally, the study also provided a comparative analysis of its mathematical representations with that of the current state-of-the-art (SOTA) approaches to project the advantages and benefits of the proposed model, particularly from its data analytics standpoint.
Retail Food Environment around Schools in Barcelona by Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status: Implications for Local Food Policy

Childhood obesity is a relevant public health problem. The school food environment has been identified as an important factor for promoting healthy eating behaviors. This study assessed the availability of and proximity to unhealthy food stores around schools (n = 22) in the city of Barcelona and its association with neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES). We conducted this cross-sectional study between 2019 and 2020. First, we identified all food retailers (n = 153) within a 400-m buffer around each school and identified those selling unhealthy food products. Then, we used Poison regression models to measure the association between NSES and the healthy food availability index (HFAI), adjusting for population density and distance. A total of 95% of the food establishments studied were classified as unhealthy (n = 146). In all, 90% of schools that had, at least, two unhealthy retailers in their proximity. There were significant differences in the mean distance to unhealthy establishments according to neighborhood SES and population density (p < 0.05). We found a positive association between schools located in higher SES neighborhoods and a higher availability and affordability of healthy food products (IIR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.45–1.91 p = 0.000). We found strong social inequalities in the supply of healthy foods in Barcelona. Local food policy interventions addressing retail food environment around schools should consider socioeconomic inequalities.
The transverse force on clean and contaminated bubbles rising near a vertical wall at moderate Reynolds number

The transverse migration of both clean and fully contaminated spherical bubbles rising near a plane vertical wall in a quiescent viscous liquid is studied experimentally using an optical technique. Knowing the bubble radius $R$, rising speed $U$ and separation distance $L$ between the bubble centre and the wall as a function of time, the transverse or lift component of the hydrodynamic force is determined as a function of $L/R$ for Reynolds numbers $Re\,{=}\,2 UR/\nu $ less than 100 ($\nu $ is the kinematic viscosity). At low Reynolds number, the lift force is directed away from the wall for both clean and contaminated bubbles and its magnitude is found to be in good agreement with available analytical solutions. For $Re\,{>}\,1$, contaminated bubbles are still repelled from the wall, but the magnitude of the lift force is always larger than predicted by the low-$Re$ theory, the difference being an increasing function of $Re$. The behaviour of clean bubbles is markedly different as the experiments reveal that the lift force is directed away from the wall for $Re\,{<}\,35$ and toward it for higher $Re$. The differences found in the evolution of the lift force for clean and contaminated bubbles are analysed by considering the relative strength of two hydrodynamical mechanisms of wall interaction, one being due to the vorticity generated at the bubble surface while the other is due to the irrotational dipole associated with the bubble. Empirical correlations based on the strength of these two mechanisms are derived to obtain practical expressions of the lift force as a function of $Re$ and $L/R$. At high enough $Re$, clean bubbles rising sufficiently close to the wall are found to bounce very close to it. Based on present and past experimental results, we suggest that this bouncing process is essentially due to the competition between inertial and viscous effects, rather than to bubble deformation as previously believed, and we propose that observations may be explained by considering the effect of the vorticity present in the wall boundary layer. Evaluation of the various contributions involved in the lateral force balance of bouncing bubbles reveals the central role of history effects due to unsteady diffusion of vorticity from the bubble surface.
Wood Fiber-Based Growing Media for Strawberry Cultivation: Effects of Incorporation of Peat and Compost

Cultivation of strawberries in greenhouses and polytunnels is increasing, and new sustainable growing media are needed to replace peat and coconut coir. This study investigated the effect of wood fiber and compost as growing media on hydroponically cultivated strawberries. Two experiments were conducted, where the everbearing cultivar ‘Murano’ was grown in mixtures of wood fiber and compost (Experiment 1) and the seasonal flowering cultivar ‘Malling Centenary’ was grown in mixtures of wood fiber and peat (Experiment 2). Additionally, in Experiment 2, the effect of adding start fertilizer was assessed. The yield potential of ‘Murano’ plants was maintained in all substrates compared to the coconut coir control. However, a mixture of 75% wood fiber and 25% compost produced the highest yield, suggesting that mixtures of nutritious materials with wood fiber may improve plant performance. The chemical composition of the berries was not affected by the substrate composition; however, berries from plants grown in the best performing blend had a lower firmness than those grown in coconut coir. ‘Malling Centenary’ plants produced higher yields in substrates enriched with start fertilizer. Generally, the productivity of ‘Malling Centenary’ plants was maintained in blends containing up to 75% of wood fiber mixture even without start fertilizer.
Can Presurgical Interhemispheric EEG Connectivity Predict Outcome in Hemispheric Surgery? A Brain Machine Learning Approach

Objectives: Hemispherotomy (HT) is a surgical option for treatment of drug-resistant seizures due to hemispheric structural lesions. Factors affecting seizure outcome have not been fully clarified. In our study, we used a brain Machine Learning (ML) approach to evaluate the possible role of Inter-hemispheric EEG Connectivity (IC) in predicting post-surgical seizure outcome. Methods: We collected 21 pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy; who underwent HT in our center from 2009 to 2020; with a follow-up of at least two years. We selected 5-s windows of wakefulness and sleep pre-surgical EEG and we trained Artificial Neuronal Network (ANN) to estimate epilepsy outcome. We extracted EEG features as input data and selected the ANN with best accuracy. Results: Among 21 patients, 15 (71%) were seizure and drug-free at last follow-up. ANN showed 73.3% of accuracy, with 85% of seizure free and 40% of non-seizure free patients appropriately classified. Conclusions: The accuracy level that we reached supports the hypothesis that pre-surgical EEG features may have the potential to predict epilepsy outcome after HT. Significance: The role of pre-surgical EEG data in influencing seizure outcome after HT is still debated. We proposed a computational predictive model, with an ML approach, with a high accuracy level.
Antiseizure Medications for the Prophylaxis of Migraine during the Anti-CGRP Drugs Era

Migraine and epilepsy are fundamentally distinct disorders that can frequently coexist in the same patient. These two conditions significantly differ in diagnosis and therapy but share some widely-used preventive treatments. Antiseizure medications (ASMs) are the mainstay of therapy for epilepsy, and about thirty different ASMs are available to date. ASMs are widely prescribed for other neurological and non-neurological conditions, including migraine. However, only topiramate and valproic acid/valproate currently have an indication for migraine prophylaxis supported by high-quality evidence. Although without specifically approved indications and with a low level of evidence or recommendation, several other ASMs are used for migraine prophylaxis. Understanding ASM antimigraine mechanisms, including their ability to affect the pro-migraine calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) signaling pathway and other pathways, may be instrumental in identifying the specific targets of their antimigraine efficacy and may increase awareness of the neurobiological differences between epilepsy and migraine. Several new ASMs are under clinical testing or have been approved for epilepsy in recent years, providing novel potential drugs for migraine prevention to enrich the treatment armamentarium and drugs that inhibit the CGRP pathway.
Comptonisation and Time-lags in Multi-temperature Plasmas Surrounding Compact Objects

Abstract This paper investigates a recent model proposed by Moskalenko, Collmar & Schönfelder (1998) for the plasma surrounding galactic black hole candidates. Using a linear Monte Carlo code, the spectral and temporal behaviour of the model is found for the case where the plasma geometry consists of a hot shell surrounding a cooler spherical core. The spectrum produced by this model at X-ray and gamma-ray energies is obtained numerically. Also found for the first time in this geometry are the photon time-lags between two energy bands due to rapid aperiodic variability. It is argued that the time-lag information may be able to determine whether this particular geometry is a realistic model for the material surrounding galactic black hole candidates.
The Mediating Role of Attitude in the Correlation between Creativity and Curiosity regarding the Performance of Outstanding Science Teachers

Significant and unexpected changes need to be anticipated by all teachers, especially when facing difficult situations in the learning process. This study aims to determine the mediating role of attitude in the correlation between creativity and curiosity regarding the performance of outstanding science teachers. A quantitative causal method was used which involves 100 teachers that were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Collection of research data using four questionnaire instruments with a Likert-scaled were derived from the existing grand theory and met the psychometric properties as a suitable instrument to use. Multiple regression analysis is used to identify the relationship between these variables. The results of the data analysis showed that the creativity affects attitude directly and attitude also affects performance. Other results show that curiosity has a direct effect on performance and has no indirect effect on performance. Meanwhile, other results also explained that the investigated variables are positively correlated with the outstanding science teachers. The results of the study concluded that attitude can act as an effective mediator in the relationship between creativity and performance. Creativity and curiosity are important variables to support the performance of outstanding science teachers. The limitations of this study and discussions were subsequently explained in this article.
Enhancing Foreign Language Enjoyment through Online Cooperative Learning: A Longitudinal Study of EFL Learners

This study examines university students’ foreign language enjoyment (FLE) in an online cooperative learning (CL) context and explores, taking a positive psychology approach, how and why CL may shape FLE. To this end, 98 Chinese university students studying English as a foreign language (EFL) were assigned into experimental (n = 49) and control groups (n = 49). Both groups completed a short-form foreign language enjoyment (FLE) scale before and after a 3-month intervention. The students in the experimental group were assigned with tasks that needed to be accomplished by teamwork. Moreover, each team was also requested to reflect upon their cooperation experiences and to self-assess their performance of these tasks. The results show that the overall FLE of the experimental group increased remarkably, whereas that of the control group fluctuated considerably. Furthermore, analyses of experimental group students’ self-appraisal comments revealed that students with pleasant cooperation experiences usually experience high FLE, give satisfactory marks on their performance, and feel confident about achieving better FL performance in the future. The findings and implications provide meaningful insights into how online FLE can be boosted through CL so as to promote positive mental health of students in a technology-assisted language learning (TALL) context.
Hydrodynamics of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow

The detection of delayed emission at X-ray optical and radio wavelengths (“afterglow”) following gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) suggests that the relativistic shell that emitted the initial GRB as the result of internal shocks decelerates on encountering an external medium, giving rise to the afterglow. We explore the interaction of a relativistic shell with a uniform interstellar medium (ISM) up to the nonrelativistic stage. We demonstrate the importance of several effects that were previously ignored and must be included in a detailed radiation analysis. At a very early stage (few seconds), the observed bolometric luminosity increases as t2. On longer timescales (more than ~10 s), the luminosity drops as t−1. If the main burst is long enough, an intermediate stage of constant luminosity will form. In this case, the afterglow overlaps the main burst; otherwise there is a time separation between the two. On the long timescale, the flow decelerates in a self-similar way, reaching nonrelativistic velocities after ~30 days. Explicit expressions for the radial profiles of this self-similar deceleration are given. As a result of the deceleration and the accumulation of ISM material, the relation between the observed time, the shock radius, and its Lorentz factor is given by t=R/16γ2c, which is a factor of 8 different from the usual expression. We show that even though only a small fraction of the internal energy is given to the electrons, most of the energy can be radiated over time. If the fraction of energy in electrons is greater than ~10%, radiation losses will significantly influence the hydrodynamical evolution at early times (less than ~1 day).
Remote sensing of the turbulence characteristics of a planetary atmosphere by radio occultation of a space probe.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of small-scale turbulence on radio waves propagating through a planetary atmosphere. The analysis provides a technique for inferring the turbulence characteristics of a planetary atmosphere from the radio signals received from a spacecraft as it is occulted by the planet. The planetary turbulence is assumed to be localized and smoothly varying with the structure constant varying exponentially with altitude. Rytov's method is used to derive the variance of log-amplitude and phase fluctuations of a wave propagating through the atmosphere. When the distance between the spacecraft and the planetary atmosphere exceeds L02/λ, where L0 is the outer scale of turbulence, the effects of inhomogeneity and finite size of the turbulent medium become important. A recent study by Gurvich [1969] pointed out that the structure constant for the Venusian atmosphere inferred from the Mariner-5 occultation data was significantly lower than that inferred from the Venera-4 data. By applying the analysis developed in this paper it is shown that the effects of inhomogeneity and finite size of the turbulence, which were excluded in Gurvich's analysis, account for this difference. More important, however, is the fact that the new techniques are available for use in future radio-occultation missions.
People and place attachment: Exploring compliance in neighborhood health centers

Abstract This article explores the roles of place attachment and social relationships in encouraging clients of a health center to comply with their health providers’ directives. We draw on place attachment theory to explore the extent to which emotional bonds between clients and the center promote compliance. Next, we draw on place social bonding to explore whether clients’ experiences derived from interactions at the center encourage compliance. Based on data obtained from center clients, we conclude that place attachment and social bonding drive compliance. From a practical perspective, providers and clients must engage in social interaction to promote compliance and engender place attachment.
Complex pattern of facial remapping in somatosensory cortex following congenital but not acquired hand loss

Cortical remapping after hand loss in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is thought to be predominantly dictated by cortical proximity, with adjacent body parts remapping into the deprived area. Traditionally, this remapping has been characterised by changes in the lip representation, which is assumed to be the immediate neighbour of the hand based on electrophysiological research in non-human primates. However, the orientation of facial somatotopy in humans is debated, with contrasting work reporting both an inverted and upright topography. We aimed to fill this gap in the S1 homunculus by investigating the topographic organisation of the face. Using both univariate and multivariate approaches we examined the extent of face-to-hand remapping in individuals with a congenital and acquired missing hand (hereafter one-handers and amputees, respectively), relative to two-handed controls. Participants were asked to move different facial parts (forehead, nose, lips, tongue) during functional MRI (fMRI) scanning. We first confirmed an upright face organisation in all three groups, with the upper-face and not the lips bordering the hand area. We further found little evidence for remapping of both forehead and lips in amputees, with no significant relationship to the chronicity of their phantom limb pain (PLP). In contrast, we found converging evidence for a complex pattern of face remapping in congenital one-handers across multiple facial parts, where relative to controls, the location of the cortical neighbour – the forehead – is shown to shift away from the deprived hand area, which is subsequently more activated by the lips and the tongue. Together, our findings demonstrate that the face representation in humans is highly plastic, but that this plasticity is restricted by the developmental stage of input deprivation, rather than cortical proximity.