Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Initial aggregate formation and soil carbon storage from lipid-extracted algae amendment

Soil organic C (SOC) storage results when organic matter inputs to soil exceed losses through decomposition, and is strongly influenced by organic matter effects on soil aggregation. We evaluated the initial effects of lipid-extracted algae (LEA), a byproduct of biofuel production, on soil aggregate formation and SOC storage. In situ field incubations were conducted by amending soil with (1) 1.5% LEA, (2) 3.0% LEA, (3) 1.5% LEA + 1.5% wheat straw (WS) and (4) soil plus inorganic N (140 kg ha−1 NH4NO3) and P [112 kg ha−1 Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O] as the control. Soil samples were collected 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after treatment application at 0–5, 5–15, and 15–30 cm. Soil was separated into macroaggregate (>250 µm), microaggregate (250–53 µm), and silt and clay (<53 µm) fractions by dry-sieving, and mean weight diameter was calculated. Soils and soil fractions were analyzed to determine C concentrations and associated δ13C values. Mean weight diameter 12 months after 3.0% LEA application was greater than the 1.5% LEA + 1.5% WS addition at the 5–15 cm depth. Soil amended with 1.5% LEA, 3.0% LEA or 1.5% LEA + 1.5% WS resulted in greater SOC after 12 months for all soil size fractions and depths. δ13C indicated that most LEA-C was initially associated with the silt and clay fraction, but later became more strongly associated with the macro- and microaggregate fractions after 12 months. Soil application of LEA enhanced initial aggregate formation and SOC storage by increasing aggregate MWD and macro- and microaggregate associated SOC over time. As the world population grows and resources become more limited, use of alternative energy sources, soil conservation, and environmental protection must be top research priorities. Our research emphasized all three and demonstrated that LEA can enhance soil structure and C storage.
Title Identification of SCN 1 A and PCDH 19 mutations in Chinesechildren with Dravet syndrome

Background: Dravet syndrome is a severe form of epilepsy. Majority of patients have a mutation in SCN1A gene, which encodes a voltage-gated sodium channel. A recent study has demonstrated that 16% of SCN1A-negative patients have a mutation in PCDH19, the gene encoding protocadherin-19. Mutations in other genes account for only a very small proportion of families. TSPYL4 is a novel candidate gene within the locus 6q16.3-q22.31 identified by linkage study. Objective: The present study examined the mutations in epileptic Chinese children with emphasis on Dravet syndrome. Methods: A hundred children with severe epilepsy were divided into Dravet syndrome and non-Dravet syndrome groups and screened for SCN1A mutations by direct sequencing. SCN1A-negative Dravet syndrome patients and patients with phenotypes resembling Dravet syndrome were checked for PCDH19 and TSPYL4 mutations. Results: Eighteen patients (9 males, 9 females) were diagnosed to have Dravet syndrome. Among them, 83% (15/18) had SCN1A mutations including truncating (7), splice site (2) and missense mutations (6). The truncating/splice site mutations were associated with moderate to severe degree of intellectual disability (p,0.05). During the progression of disease, 73% (11/15) had features fitting into the diagnostic criteria of autism spectrum disorder and 53% (8/15) had history of vaccination-induced seizures. A novel PCDH19 p.D377N mutation was identified in one SCN1A-negative female patient with Dravet syndrome and a known PCDH19 p.N340S mutation in a female non-Dravet syndrome patient. The former also inherited a TSPYL4 p.G60R variant. Conclusion: A high percentage of SCN1A mutations was identified in our Chinese cohort of Dravet syndrome patients but none in the rest of patients. We demonstrated that truncating/splice site mutations were linked to moderate to severe intellectual disability in these patients. A de novo PCDH19 missense mutation together with an inherited TSPYL4 missense variant were identified in a patient with Dravet syndrome. Citation: Kwong AK-Y, Fung C-W, Chan S-Y, Wong VC-N (2012) Identification of SCN1A and PCDH19 Mutations in Chinese Children with Dravet Syndrome. PLoS ONE 7(7): e41802. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0041802 Editor: Markus Schuelke, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Germany Received April 16, 2012; Accepted June 25, 2012; Published July 25, 2012 Copyright: 2012 Kwong et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: Funding was provided by Parthenon Trust via the Society for the Relief of Disabled Children. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: vcnwong@hku.hk
A Study of Event Related Potentials in Vitamin B 12 Deficient Patients without Neuropsychiatric Symptoms

DOI: 10.21276/sjams.2018. 6.7. 52 Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate Event Related Potentials (ERPs) in patients with Vitamin B12 deficiency without neuropsychiatric symptoms and effect of Vitamin B12 supplementation on ERPs. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to their Serum Vitamin B12 levels. The serum levels of Vitamin B12 in the groups wereGroup 1 < 211pgm/ml (deficient), Group 2 211-350 pgm/ml (insufficient) and Group 3 > 350pgm/ml (sufficient). Standardized Mini Mental State Examination (SMMSE) was done in all subjects at the time of entry point. ERPs study and SMMSE were repeated in subjects of group 1 after 3 months of Vitamin B12 supplementation. Latency of N200 and P300 of group 1 showed statistically significant difference when compared to group 2 and 3 before treatment (p<0.05) and the difference disappeared after 3 months of Vitamin B12 supplementation. The study concludes that ERP parameters are deranged prior to clinical manifestation of neuropsychiatric features in Vitamin B12 deficiency and can be used to assess efficacy of Vitamin B12 supplementation.
Elements in Multimedia Interactive Package (MIP) Production to Facilitate Critical Thinking Acquisition in ESL Reading

This paper examines content elements that effectively facilitate L2 learners’ critical thinking skills in ESL reading when using a Multimedia Interactive Package (MIP). The MIP was designed to incorporate the ‘demand task’ components of Weir’s validation reading framework. Ninety-two treatment group respondents were requested to respond to a set of questionnaire on content elements needed to be included into the MIP. Overall, majority of the respondents, either ‘agreed’ or ‘strongly agreed’, positively perceived that ‘demand task’ components discourse mode, channel of communication, text length, nature of information, content knowledge, lexical, structural and functional – facilitated them at acquiring higher order thinking skills more effectively. Coupled with the use of computer-mediated interactive multimedia capabilities which could provide drills and exercises, immediate reinforcement and feedback, online tests and dynamic learning engagement, MIP intervention can facilitate learning success amongst L2 learners’ critical thinking skills in ESL reading.
Native fungal strains from Yucatan, an option for treatment of biomethanated vinasse

Vinasse is wastewater generated during ethanol production, with a high content of organic matter, and the presence of toxic and recalcitrant compounds that give it a dark brown color. Anaerobic digestion of vinasse is a low-cost method treatment that produces useful byproducts such as biogas. However, at anaerobic digestion of vinasse, a part of the organic matter, which includes melanoidins and phenolic compounds cannot be eliminated producing a wastewater named biomethanated vinasse (BV). It has been reported that fungi that produce ligninolytic enzymes can degrade recalcitrant compounds in raw vinasses but there is little information on the use of these microorganisms in the treatment of BV. In this work, seven fungi (Trametes hirsuta Bm-2 and AHB-6, Phanerochaete chrysosporium Bm-4, Cochliobolus lunatus AHB-1, and Athelia rolfsii AT5, AT13 and AT7) were evaluated for degrading BV. The pathogenic fungi C. lunatus and A. rolfsii species were not able to support the high concentration of toxic compounds present on the BV plate. On the other hand, Trametes hirsuta (Bm-2 and AHB-6) and Phanerochaete chrysosporium (Bm-4) can degrade and remove phenolic compounds present in BV in liquid medium. However, the Bm-2 strain it was the only microorganism able to produce a visible change in the color of the medium with a concentration of 25% BV, achieving 68.8% decolorization and 65.58% phenolic compound removal rate, with a maximum laccase activity (3415.9 U/ml) at 144 h. The results show the potential of T. hirsuta Bm-2 for degrading persistent toxic compounds present in biomethanated vinasses.
Nutrient Metabolism Duodenal and Milk Trans Octadecenoic Acid and Conjugated Linoleic Acid ( CLA ) Isomers Indicate that Postabsorptive Synthesis Is the Predominant Source of cis-9-Containing CLA in Lactating Dairy Cows

Duodenal and milk samples obtained from lactating cows in a previous study were analyzed to compare the content and isomer distribution of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) and trans-18:1 fatty acids (tFA). Four diets containing either low [25 g/100 g dry matter (DM)] or high (60 g/100 g DM) forage were fed with or without 2% added buffer to four multiparous Holstein dairy cows in a 2 2 factorial, 4 4 Latin square design with 3-wk experimental periods. Duodenal flows of CLA were low (1.02–1.84 g/d), compared with that of tFA (57–120 g/d), regardless of diet. The greatest amounts of CLA and tFA, as well as the greatest proportions of trans-10–18:1 (P 0.02), and cis-9, trans-11 (P 0.01) and trans-10, cis-12 CLA (P 0.01) were in the duodenal flow of cows fed the low forage unbuffered diet. In milk fat, tFA were increased by the low forage unbuffered diet and the trans-10–18:1 (P 0.02) replaced trans-11–18:1 as the major 18:1 isomer. Milk CLA secretion (7.2–9.1 g/d) was greater (P 0.001) than that in the duodenal flow with each diet. This was due to the increase in cis-9, trans-11–18:2 and trans-7, cis-9 CLA, resulting most likely from endogenous synthesis via 9-desaturation of ruminally derived tFA. For other CLA isomers, duodenal flow was always greater than milk secretion, suggesting that they essentially were produced in the rumen. J. Nutr. 132: 1235–1241, 2002.
AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE TOWARD BREAST CANCER AND BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL DESCRIPTIVE STUDY AMONG UNDERGRADUATE FEMALE STUDENTS AT CAIRO UNIVERSITY, EGYPT

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) accounts for 38.85% of total female cancer cases in Egypt and is the most prevalent cancer among Egyptian women. Early detection of breast cancer increases the effectiveness of the treatment, which results in a better prognosis, reducing the morbidity and mortality rates. Breast self-examination (BSE) is an important screening practice, a simple, economical, and noninvasive screening method for early detection of breast cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was utilized to conduct the study. The study was conducted at Cairo University, Egypt. A convenient sample consisted of 500 female students were interviewed. The tool used for data collection was constructed by the researcher which divided into four parts: The first part was concerned with demographic general questions. The second part was related to the knowledge of breast cancer. The third part is concerned with knowledge about the risk factors of breast cancer. The fourth part dealt with knowledge about breast self- examination. Results: The study findings showed that the overall level of knowledge about breast cancer and breast self-examination were moderate (47% and 47.8% respectively). There was no association between total knowledge about breast cancer and total knowledge about breast self- examination ( P =0.388). There is statistically significant association between place of residence and total knowledge about breast self-examination ( P =0.001), there is statistically significant association between total knowledge of breast cancer with having family history of breast cancer ( p =0.022). There is statistically significant association ( P =0.03) between place of residence and total knowledge about breast cancer and showed that there is highly statistically significant association (0.0001) between marital status and total knowledge about breast cancer. Conclusion: Our study findings have shown that the level of awareness and knowledge about breast cancer and breast self-examination was generally moderate. Therefore, it is essential to increase the conduct for public interventions that increase awareness and encourage women to practice BSE on a regular basis as a national trend.
Assessing Dysfunctional Expectations in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Development and Validation of the Posttraumatic Expectations Scale (PTES)

Dysfunctional expectations are a particularly important subset of cognitions that influence the development and maintenance of various mental disorders. This study aimed to develop and validate a scale to assess dysfunctional expectations in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the “Posttraumatic Expectations Scale” (PTES). In a cross-sectional study, 70 PTSD patients completed the PTES, the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI), as well as measures of the severity of symptoms of PTSD and depression. The results show that the PTES has excellent internal consistency and correlates significantly with the PTCI and PTSD symptom severity. A regression analysis revealed that the PTES explained variance of PTSD symptom severity above the PTCI, supporting the incremental validity of the PTES. While the original version of the PTES comprises 81 items, short scales were constructed using the BISCUIT (best items scales that are cross-validated, unit-weighted, informative and transparent) method. The current findings provide preliminary psychometric evidence suggesting that the PTES is an internally consistent and valid novel self-report measure in patients with PTSD. However, conclusions about the psychometric properties of the PTES are limited because of the absence of criterion-related validity, factor structure evidence, variability over time/response to intervention, and test–retest reliability. Future research should use the PTES in large-scale longitudinal studies to address these aspects to further validate the scale.
Perceptions and Attitudes of Pharmacogenomics Through the Lens of Community Pharmacists and Patients

Background Pharmacists represent some of the most accessible healthcare workers and are in an opportune position to spearhead new clinical initiatives, such as pharmacogenomics (PGx) services. It is important that we understand the perceptions and attitudes both pharmacists and patients have regarding PGx and potential barriers of implementing it into routine clinical practice. Methods A cross-sectional survey study was conducted across one regional division of a large community pharmacy chain to assess the perceptions and attitudes of pharmacists and patients regarding PGx in California. A secondary aim was to determine perceived barriers to PGx implementation into community pharmacies. Results The majority (67%) of pharmacists agreed or strongly agreed to understanding PGx compared to 35% of patients being aware of PGx (p<0.001). More patients (62%) preferred their pharmacist compared to pharmacists (43%) preferring themselves as a provider to manage patients' medications based on their PGx results (p<0.01). Many patients (88%) expressed interest in participating in a PGx test; both pharmacists (84%) and patients (85%) were unlikely to have participated or know someone who has participated in PGx testing. Pharmacists and patients expressed similar concerns about privacy of their PGx data by employers (p=0.287) and insurers (p=0.953), a potential barrier to PGx implementation. Conclusion Pharmacists are well positioned to spearhead PGx consultations and patients are interested in pharmacists using PGx to help manage their medications; however, various barriers were identified that must be overcome for PGx to become incorporated in routine practice.
Lombok’s Tsunami and Stock Abnormal Returns

Article History: Received November 12, 2020 Accepted February 17, 2021 Available March 15, 2021 Natural disaster often brings damage to the economy, including the decrease of stock’s market value. For this reason, this study aims to determine the effect of the tsunami earthquakes in Lombok in 2018 on abnormal returns and cumulative abnormal returns of insurance companies. This study used the event study approach, with three days window period after the three tsunami earthquakes from July to August 2018. The sample of this study is the stock price of 14 insurance companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. To test whether abnormal return exists, a one-sample t-test was used on the average abnormal and cumulative returns. The results show that the tsunami earthquake disasters in Lombok in 2018 have a significant effect on cumulative abnormal returns of insurance companies stocks, and this effect even bigger on the third tsunami. This finding shows that the market reacts to continuous disaster by considering the earthquake as negative information and thus decrease the stock price. This study implies that investors may buy the stocks after the disaster to get a cheaper price or hold the stocks to avoid loss.
How conformity can lead to polarised social behaviour

Learning social behaviour of others strongly influences one’s own social attitudes. We compare several distinct explanations of this phenomenon, testing their predictions using computational modelling across four experimental conditions. In the experiment, participants chose repeatedly whether to pay for increasing (prosocial) or decreasing (antisocial) the earnings of an unknown other. Halfway through the task, participants predicted the choices of an extremely prosocial or antisocial agent (either a computer, a single participant, or a group of participants). Our analyses indicate that participants polarise their social attitude mainly due to normative expectations. Specifically, most participants conform to presumed demands by the authority (vertical influence), or because they learn that the observed human agents follow the norm very closely (horizontal influence).
Is reanalysis selective when regressions are consciously controlled?

The selective reanalysis hypothesis of Frazier and Rayner (1982) states that readers direct their eyes towards critical words in the sentence when faced with garden-path structures (e.g., Since Jay always jogs a mile seems like a short distance to him). Given the mixed evidence for this proposal in the literature, we investigated the possibility that selective reanalysis is tied to conscious awareness of the garden-path effect. To this end, we adapted the well-known self-paced reading paradigm to allow for regressive as well as progressive key presses. Assuming that regressions in such a paradigm are consciously controlled, we found no evidence for selective reanalysis, but rather for occasional extensive, heterogeneous rereading of garden-path sentences. We discuss the implications of our findings for the selective reanalysis hypothesis, the role of awareness in sentence processing, as well as the usefulness of the bidirectional self-paced reading method for sentence processing research.
The relationship between maternal smartphone use, physiological responses, and gaze patterns during breastfeeding and face-to-face interactions with infant

Smartphone use during parent-child interactions is highly prevalent, however, there is a lack of scientific knowledge on how smartphone use during breastfeeding or face-to-face interactions may modulate mothers’ attentive responsiveness towards the infant as well as maternal physiological arousal. In the present study, we provide the first evidence for the influence of the smartphone on maternal physiological responses and her attention towards the infant during breastfeeding and face-to-face interactions. Twenty breastfeeding mothers and their infants participated in this lab study during which electrodermal activity, cardiograph impedance, and gaze patterns were monitored in breastfeeding and face-to-face interactions with three conditions manipulating the level of maternal smartphone involvement. We report that mothers’ gaze toward their infants decreased when breastfeeding while using the smartphone compared to face-to-face interaction. Further, we show that greater maternal electrodermal activity and cardiac output were related to longer maternal gaze fixation toward the smartphone during breastfeeding. Finally, results indicate that mothers’ smartphone addiction levels were negatively correlated with electrodermal activity during breastfeeding. This study provides an initial basis for much required further research that will explore the influence of smartphone use on maternal biobehavioral responses in this digital age and the consequences for infant cognitive, emotional, and social development.
EUTROPHICATION IN THE LOWER COASTAL BASIN OF THE JAMAPA RIVER IN VERACRUZ, MEXICO

The aim of this study was to determine parameters of dissolved oxygen, temperature and nitrogen in the coastal basin of the Jamapa River as indicators of eutrophication. Six sampling sites were selected in the lower basin, where samples were collected in triplicate in each site, during three seasons; north winds, dry and rainy. Results of the research, analyzed using the Minitab statistical program, were: site 2 showing the maximum value of dissolved oxygen with 5.83 mg/L; site 5 with the maximum temperature value of 30.3 oC, during the dry season. Whereas, maximum mean values of total nitrogen were at site 2 (4.596 mg/L) and site 5 (4.281 mg/L). Coastal basins can change markedly the nitrogen concentration with respect to weather and environmental conditions. As well as, reduced forms of nitrogen cause alterations in dissolved oxygen and the increase in water temperature, along with high concentrations of nutrients.
Compact Differential Diplex Filtenna With Common-Mode Suppression for Highly Integrated Radio Frequency Front-Ends

A compact, differential diplex filtenna (DDF) with common-mode (CM) suppression is presented. A rectangular dual-mode patch is developed that operates in both its TM10 mode and a reshaped TM30 mode to realize two passbands. Two capacitively loaded loop (CLL) resonators that work at different frequencies are combined with the dual-mode patch to enhance its operational bandwidth and to provide a second-order Chebyshev filter response for both passbands. A slot-coupled differential feed is adopted to suppress the harmonic and CM noise and to obtain symmetrical radiation patterns with low cross-polarization levels. The design process, which is based on filter synthesis theory, is detailed. A prototype operating over the 2.4G and 5.8G WLAN bands was fabricated, assembled, and tested. The measured results, in good agreement with their simulated values, confirm that it attains maximum broadside realized gains of 5.45 and 8.5 dBi and −10 dB fractional impedance bandwidths of 2.4% (2.42–2.48 GHz) and 5.2% (5.65–5.95 GHz) for the lower and upper passbands, respectively. Moreover, it exhibits good out-of-band rejection levels of 18 and 29 dB for the lower and upper stopbands, respectively.