Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Characterization of MADD-3, a Homolog of the Dual Specificity CLK Kinase that is Required for Muscle Arm Extension in Caenorhabditis elegans

Guided cell migration is an essential process in the development of multicellular organisms. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the body wall muscles extend muscle arms in a chemotropic fashion towards the nearest nerve cord to form neuromuscular junctions. The muscle arm extension process has been used successfully by the Roy lab as a model system to uncover novel components and mechanisms necessary for guided cell migration. I continued forward genetic screens for muscle arm development defective (Madd) mutants and uncovered two novel components necessary for muscle arm extension, called madd-3 and madd-4. madd-3, encodes the C. elegans LAMMER kinase ortholog. The LAMMER kinase family is found ubiquitously throughout eukaryotes and members share a highly conserved kinase domain. The most well described roles of LAMMER kinase family members have been in the regulation of alternative splicing and transcription factors; however the roles of cytoplasmic LAMMER kinases are not well studied. madd-3 has several characteristics that distinguish it phenotypically from other Madd genes. MADD-3 is localized exclusively in muscle tissue, while most other Madd genes are expressed in both the nervous system and muscle. Within the muscle MADD-3A is enriched in the cytoplasm. Unlike other Madd genes madd-3 mutants are iii synthetically lethal with unc-54, which encodes a myosin class II heavy chain. In order to better understand the role of MADD-3 in muscle arm guidance I exploited this synthetic lethality to conduct a madd-3 suppressor screen. The screen recovered several alleles of a p38 MAPK pathway. I found that in addition to suppression of the synthetic lethal phenotype, loss of function mutations in this p38 pathway could suppress the phenotypes of madd-3 mutants including muscle arm extension defects. p38 MAPK pathways have been demonstrated to play roles in endosomal trafficking, and specifically in receptor trafficking. I therefore investigated endosomal compartment markers and guidance receptor display in madd-3 mutant backgrounds, and found both to be disrupted. Our current working model suggests that MADD-3 may negatively regulate a p38 MAPK pathway in muscle. In madd-3 mutants, upregulation of the p38 pathway triggers defects in the endocytic cycle that prevent the guidance receptors UNC-40 and EVA-1 from being displayed properly on the muscle surface. These defects in receptor display likely underlie the muscle arm extension defects of madd-3 mutants. The antagonistic relationship between MADD-3 and a p38 MAPK pathway in C. elegans muscle is the first such connection documented between these two conserved kinase families. MADD-3’s roles in endosomal compartment regulation and receptor display are also novel functions for a LAMMER kinase family member. The cytoplasmic roles of LAMMER kinases have not been explored in detail, but my work on the C. elegans LAMMER homolog MADD-3 has uncovered novel functions that could be conserved in this kinase family.
Government Openness and Public Trust: The Mediating Role of Democratic Capacity

The open government paradigm implies public processes are becoming more transparent, public information is available online, and citizens and non‐governmental organizations are encouraged to interact with public administration through new platform‐based forms of participation and collaboration. Though these governmental efforts to open up organizational procedures to the public are meant to strengthen the relationship between citizens and the government, empirical evidence is currently sparse and mixed. This article argues that positive impacts of openness depend on citizens' democratic capacity defined as individual sense of empowerment to influence governmental systems. By matching individual survey data from the European Social Survey with secondary institutional data the authors investigate the relationship between individual and structural level variables. Findings indicate that structural openness is, in general, positively associated with higher trust. Further, the effect of openness on public trust is partially mediated by an individual's perception that they have meaningful opportunities for political participation.
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and gram-negative bacterial infections in south-west Nigeria: a retrospective epidemiological surveillance study

Background Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are often responsible for severe, life-threatening infections and they represent a critical threat to the available antibiotic agents and to global health. An understanding of the epidemiology of these infections will be indispensable to the development of appropriate case management as well as infection prevention and control (IPC) measures in any healthcare setting. Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate and describe the epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and other gram-negative bacteria in a tertiary hospital in south west Nigeria using routinely collected microbiological laboratory data. Methods A retrospective collection of microbiological laboratory records from the January to June 2018 was performed. All culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test results of patients who required laboratory tests were collected. Other information collected include: patient demographics, clinical specimen types and the requesting hospital department. The data was analyzed using SPSS Windows version 24. Comparison between categorical variables was done using chi-square tests while independent sample t-test was used to determine significant mean differences between groups. A p < 0.05 was taken to be statistically significant. Results The prevalence of carbapenem-resistance among Enterobacteriaceae and gram-negative bacteria isolates was 22% (n = 39/177). Of these, 35.9% (n = 14) were Klebsiella pneumonia, 30.8% (n = 12) were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 15.4% (n = 6) were Klebsiella oxytoca. 87.2% (n = 34) of these were also multi-drug resistant, with a mean total resistance score of 3.92 (SD = ± 1.44). There were differences observed in proportion of carbapenem-resistance across clinical specialties and age groups; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Independent sample t-test revealed that carbapenem-resistant isolates exhibited more drug resistance than carbapenem-sensitive isolates (3.93 vs. 2.30; p < 0.001). Conclusion Carbapenem resistance is an important threat to the current antibiotic armory. Active surveillance, particularly in the healthcare setting is required to identify high risk groups, inform better treatment options and infection prevention and control measures.
Antibacterial Activity of Anthraquinone from Aloe on Spiced Pig Head

[Objective] To optimize the extraction of anthraquinone from Aloe by ultrasonic extraction and its antibacterialactivity. [Method]The influences of different extraction time and ethanol concentration, on anthraquinone contentwere evaluated by asingle factor experiment. And anthraquinone content was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The bacteriostasis of anthraquinone on spiced pig head’s common putrefying bacteria: Staphylococcus, Serratieae, Bacillus, Proteus and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were studied by oxford plate assay system. [Result]The best extraction time was 30 minutes and the best ethanol concentration was 80%. The antibacterial activity of the Aloe anthraquinone on Staphylococcus Aureus, Bacillus Proteus is obviously, the minimum inhibitory concentrations were 0.0625 g/mL, 0.05 g/mL, 0.125 g/mL respectively and no inhibitory effect on Serratieae. [Conclusions] The anthraquinones from Aloe can inhibit a part Of spoilage bacteria inspiced pig heads.
Heusler alloys for spintronic devices: review on recent development and future perspectives

ABSTRACT Heusler alloys are theoretically predicted to become half-metals at room temperature (RT). The advantages of using these alloys are good lattice matching with major substrates, high Curie temperature above RT and intermetallic controllability for spin density of states at the Fermi energy level. The alloys are categorised into half- and full-Heusler alloys depending upon the crystalline structures, each being discussed both experimentally and theoretically. Fundamental properties of ferromagnetic Heusler alloys are described. Both structural and magnetic characterisations on an atomic scale are typically carried out in order to prove the half-metallicity at RT. Atomic ordering in the films is directly observed by X-ray diffraction and is also indirectly probed via the temperature dependence of electrical resistivity. Element specific magnetic moments and spin polarisation of the Heusler alloy films are directly measured using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism and Andreev reflection, respectively. By employing these ferromagnetic alloy films in a spintronic device, efficient spin injection into a non-magnetic material and large magnetoresistance are also discussed. Fundamental properties of antiferromagnetic Heusler alloys are then described. Both structural and magnetic characterisations on an atomic scale are shown. Atomic ordering in the Heusler alloy films is indirectly measured by the temperature dependence of electrical resistivity. Antiferromagnetic configurations are directly imaged by X-ray magnetic linear dichroism and polarised neutron reflection. The applications of the antiferromagnetic Heusler alloy films are also explained. The other non-magnetic Heusler alloys are listed. A brief summary is provided at the end of this review. Graphical abstract
Piezoelectric β-polymorph formation of new textiles by surface modification with coating process based on interfacial interaction on the conformational variation of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) chains

Novel textiles have received a lot of attention from researchers in the last decade due to some of their unique features. The introduction of intelligent materials into textile structures offers an opportunity to develop multifunctional textiles, such as sensing, reacting, conducting electricity and performing energy conversion operations. In this research work nanocomposite-based highly piezoelectric and electroactive β -phase new textile has been developed using the pad-dry-cure method. The deposition of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) − carbon nanofillers (CNF) − tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), Si(OCH2 CH3 )4 was acquired on a treated textile substrate using coating technique followed by evaporation to transform the passive (non-functional) textile into a dynamic textile with an enhanced piezoelectric β -phase. The aim of the study is the investigation of the impact the coating of textile via piezoelectric nanocomposites based PVDF-CNF (by optimizing piezoelectric crystalline phase). The chemical composition of CT/PVDF-CNC-TEOS textile was detected by qualitative elemental analysis (SEM/EDX). The added of 0.5% of CNF during the process provides material textiles with a piezoelectric β -phase of up to 50% has been measured by FTIR experiments. These results indicated that CNF has high efficiency in transforming the phase α introduced in the unloaded PVDF, to the β -phase in the case of nanocomposites. Consequently, this fabricated new textile exhibits glorious piezoelectric β -phase even with relatively low coating content of PVDF-CNF-TEOS. The study demonstrates that the pad-dry-cure method can potentially be used for the development of piezoelectric nanocomposite-coated wearable new textiles for sensors and energy harvesting applications. We believe that our study may inspire the research area for future advanced applications.
Family Control, Political Connection, and Corporate Green Governance

This paper firstly introduces green governance into the empirical research of family firms. Due to the fact that family firms have their own particularity in the principal agent and also have a strong desire to preserve social emotional wealth, this paper deeply studies the driving influence of family control on the green governance of family firms, and analyzes the moderating effect based on the political connection of executives. Taking the 2015–2017 Chinese family-listed firms that released social responsibility reports as the research sample, we find that family control contributes to the improvement of corporate green governance in family firms. However, the political connection of the actual controller weakens the effect of family control on the green governance of family firms. In addition, this research is also carried out under different situations, such as at the regional level and individual level. The research helps family firms give full play to their own advantages, guide the green governance practice of family firms, and improve the level of green governance.
Dual Circulation of Duck Hepatitis A Virus Genotypes 1 and 3 in Egypt

SUMMARY. Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) causes acute hepatitis and mortality, resulting in high economic losses in the duck farm industry. The current study describes the outbreak of DHAV in vaccinated duck farms in North Egypt during 2019 and molecular characterization of the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) and viral protein VP1 genes. The 30 samples were collected from 7- to 28-day-old commercial Pekin ducks that showed a history of nervous signs and sudden deaths and were on farms in 6 governorates. DHAV was typed by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for 3′ UTR and VP1 genes and revealed 20 positive farms, with the first detection of DHAV genotype 3 (DHAV-3) in 18 samples and the classic DHAV-1 in 2 samples. The phylogenetic analysis of VP1 and 3′ UTR genes of the nine selected strains representative of six governorates revealed that seven strains were clustered with DHAV-3 Chinese and Korean-Vietnamese strains within different subgroups with 92.4%–93.7% amino acid identity; such strains were distinguishable from the vaccine strain of DHAV-1 used in Egypt with 74.4% amino acid identity. The other strains were closely related to the DHAV-1 Asian strain and the vaccine strain used in Egypt with 98.7%–99.6% amino acid identity for the VP1 gene with different clustering than that of recently isolated DHAV-1 Egyptian strains. The VP1 gene of DHAV-3 had 1 hypervariable region (HVR) with 10 amino acid mutations compared with DHAV3/DN2/Vietnam/2011, but DHAV-1 had 3 HVRs with 1 amino acid mutation in HVRII compared with the DHAV-1 vaccine strain. In conclusion, a new introduction of DHAV-3 with the classical DHAV-1 was recorded in Pekin duck farms in North Egypt that is genetically distant from the vaccinal strain.
In Vitro Antischistosomal Activity and Cytotoxicity of 5-Methoxylated Flavones fom Vochysia divergens, a Flood-Adapted Species from Brazilian Pantanal

Background: Vochysia divergens is native to the Amazon Basin and considered an invasive species in the Brazilian Pantanal. In this work, the ethanolic extract of V. divergens leaves was chemically investigated and evaluated in vitro against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms together with the isolated compounds. Methods: The samples were available at concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 μM. The parasites were kept for 4 days and monitored every 24 h to evaluate their viability and motor activity comparing with the positive control praziquantel. The cell viability of isolated flavones as determined by XTT assays in V79 cells. Results: The flavones 3′,5-dimethoxy luteolin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside, 5-methoxy luteolin and 3′,5-dimethoxy luteolin were isolated from V. divergens. Flavone 5-methoxy luteolin caused the death of 25% of male and female adult S. mansoni worms in 24 h at 100 μM and also reduced their motor activity. Flavones 3′,5-dimethoxy luteolin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside and 3′,5-dimethoxy luteolin were able to slightly reduce the motor activity to 25% within 24 h at 25 μg/mL and 12.5 μg/mL, respectively, but only in male worms. The results were compared with the flavone luteolin. For XTT assay in V79 cells the IC50 values were 1468.4 ± 10.5 μM, 5946.6 ± 25,1 μM, > 7960.8 μM and 270.6 ±9.3 μM for compounds 3′,5-dimethoxy luteolin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside, 5-methoxy luteolin, 3′,5-dimethoxy luteolin and luteolin, respectively. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, flavones 5-methoxy luteolin and 3′,5-dimethoxy luteolin are reported for the first time as constituents of V. divergens and the Vochysiaceae family.
Correlation of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein with blood sugar level in patients with Type 2 diabetes -

Background: The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly rising all over the globe at an alarming rate. Complications of diabetes include microvascular and macrovascular complications. High-Sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is an acute phase reactant and a sensitive marker of inflammation. In addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, elevation in hs-CRP can be used to predict increased cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients. Aims and Objectives: This study was planned to estimate hs-CRP and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in diabetic and non-diabetic participants and to find out if there is any correlation between blood glucose and hs-CRP levels in diabetic and non-diabetic participants. Materials and Methods: In this study, hs-CRP and FBG levels of 120 participants were estimated. Among which 60 were diabetic, and 60 were non-diabetic participants. Participants were chosen based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. FBG was estimated by glucose oxidase peroxidase method and hs-CRP was estimated chemiluminescence immunoassay method. Data analysis were analyzed by unpaired t-test using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 19.0. Results: The results of this study showed that hs-CRP increased as FBG increased. There was positive correlation seen between hs-CRP and blood glucose levels in both study and control group. Hs-CRP was seen to be much higher in diabetic participants than in non-diabetic participants. Conclusion: Thus proving that hyperglycemia itself is a factor that can cause increase of serum hs-CRP levels in Type 2 diabetic participants.
Mapping unit-cell thickness variations in thin films by post-deposition reflection high-energy electron diffraction

Reflection high-energy electron diffraction is a widely used tool to study the growth dynamics of thin films, in situ and operando. Here it is applied after deposition, revealing that the morphological state of the surface is connected to the amount of material underneath. We focus on the growth of ${\mathrm{LaAlO}}_{3}$ thin films on a ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ substrate by pulsed laser deposition, utilizing a geometrically anisotropic plasma plume. After deposition, oscillations in the intensity and width of the specular spot as a function of position are observed along the short axis of the plasma plume. Each complete oscillation represents a unit-cell difference in film thickness, as confirmed by local x-ray reflectivity measurements. We apply this approach to demonstrate the critical thickness for conductivity at the ${\mathrm{LaAlO}}_{3}/{\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ interface on a single sample. Our results introduce a straightforward method to engineer and study thickness-dependent properties of epitaxial thin films on a highly detailed level.
Do Partisan Types Stop at the Water’s Edge?

A growing number of analyses presume that distinctive “partisan types” exist in the American public’s eyes in foreign policy, with implications for questions ranging from the ability of leaders to send credible signals by going against their party’s type to the future of bipartisanship in foreign policy. We offer the first systematic exploration of partisan types in foreign affairs, exploring their microfoundations and scope conditions using two national survey experiments. We find that partisan types vary across foreign policy issues, but are generally weaker and less distinct in foreign affairs than in domestic politics. We also find that there is an impressive amount of congruence between the partisan stereotypes Americans hold and actual distributions of partisan preferences. Our findings have important implications for the study of public opinion, “against-type” models, and the domestic politics of interstate conflict.
A survey on parasites infecting mullets from Egypt and Libya

Two different localities were selected for the present investigation. Generally, out of 200 Mugil cephalus individuals examined, 63 (31.5%) were found to be infected. Out of 119 M. cephalus, 44 (36.9%) collected from Lake Qarun at Fayoum in Egypt were found infected. On the other hand, out of 81 M. cephalus, 19 (23.45%) collected from Missurata fish market in Libya were found infected. The collected parasites from Egyptian specimens were Trematoda, Acanthocephala, Trichodina and Myxosporea. The incidences of infection were 88.6%, 27.2%, 95.5% and 27.3%, respectively. Parasites of the Egyptian mullets includes: 4 species of trematoda (Haplosplanchnus caudatus, H. pachysomus, Lecithobotrys putrescens and Dicrogaster contractus); one species of Acanthocephala (Neoechinorhynchus sp.); three species of Trichodina (Trichodina lepsii, T. puytoraci and T. batala) and one species of Myxosporedia (Myxobolus sp.). It is worth mentioned that protozoan infections were restricted in Egyptian mullets. On the other hand, out of 81 M. cephalus, 19 (23.45%) collected from Missurata were found infected by two genera of trematodes (Vitellibaculum girelia and Lecithocladium exisum).
Local Geometric Proof of Riemann Conjecture

Riemann hypothesis (RH) is a difficult problem. So far one doesn’t know how to go about it. Studying ζ and using analysis method likely are two incor-rect guides. Actually, a unique hope may study Riemann function , , by geometric analysis, which has the symmetry: v=0 if β=0, and basic expression . We show that |u| is single peak in each root-interval of u for fixed β ∈(0,1/2]. Using the slope ut, we prove that v has opposite signs at two end-points of Ij. There surely exists an inner point such that , so {|u|,|v|/β} form a local peak-valley structure, and have positive lower bound in Ij. Because each t must lie in some Ij, then ||ξ|| > 0 is valid for any t (i.e. RH is true). Using the positivity of Lagarias (1999), we show the strict monotone for β > β0 ≥ 0 , and the peak-valley structure is equiva-lent to RH, which may be the geometric model expected by Bombieri (2000). This research follows Liuhui’s methodology: “Computing can detect the un-known and method”.