Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Economics, health, or environment: What motivates individual climate action?

Climate change is a major threat to human health, however the role of health in climate change communication is understudied. The goal of this study was to understand how to support individuals’ adoption of climate related mitigation and adaptation activities. We hypothesized the primary motivation for engaging in pro-environmental activities would be unequally distributed across health, economics, or environment motivations. We also hypothesized respondents who felt greater susceptibility and those with higher perceived self-efficacy would adopt more pro-environmental behaviors. In 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional study using Amazon’s MTurk platform. Among the respondents, the most commonly reported activity was alternatives to private vehicles (30% already engaging), while more than two thirds of respondents reported wanting to install solar panels (70.1%) and converting to a high efficiency vehicle (63.2%). Depending on the action, respondents’ reported motivation varied. Economics was common to those who used public transportation and who installed solar paneling; purchasing a high efficiency vehicle was split between environment and economic reasons. Health was the primary motivation for converting to a plant-based diet. The perceived immediacy of climate change impacts was associated with adoption of pro-climate activities as were beliefs around human capacity to mitigate climate change. Despite the growing literature supporting health as a motivation for climate action, economic motivation was more commonly selected among the activities we evaluated. These results could aid the development of more efficient evidence-based communication strategies that would reach various audiences in society.
Exploring algorithms to score control points in metrogaine events

Metrogaining is an urban outdoor navigational sport that uses a street map to which scored control points have been added. The objective is to collect maximum score points within a set time by visiting a subset of the scored control points. There is currently no metrogaining scoring standard, only guidelines on how to allocate scores. Accordingly, scoring approaches were explored to create new score sets by using scoring algorithms based on a simple relationship between the score of, and the number of visits to a control point. A spread model, which was developed to evaluate the score sets, generated a range of routes by solving a range of orienteering problems, which belongs to the class of NP-hard combinatorial optimisation problems. From these generated routes, the control point visit frequencies of each control point were determined. Using the visit frequencies, test statistics were subsequently adapted to test the goodness of scoring for each score set. The findings indicate that the score-visits relationship is not a simple one, as the number of visits to a control point is not only dependent on its score, but also on the scores of the surrounding control points. As a result, the scoring algorithms explored were unable to cope with the complex scoring process uncovered. Key terms: orienteering scoring problem, metrogaine events, orienteering problem, NP-hard problem, scoring of control points, route choice, route planning, spread model, adjusting scoring approach, generating scoring approach, goodness of scoring, scoring metrics.
Assessment competence and practices including digital assessment literacy of postsecondary English language teachers in Oman

Abstract This study investigated the assessment literacy of teachers of English as a Foreign Language in postsecondary education in Oman. Using self-assessment questionnaires, it examined teachers’ assessment competencies and practices and digital assessment literacy. Multivariate and correlation analyses tested the effects of gender, age, pre-service and in-service assessment training, teaching experience and teaching load on assessment competence and practices. Findings showed that teachers believed that they were assessment literate but less so in digital assessment. Pre-service training had the strongest effect on assessment competence and practices. The paper emphasizes the importance of assessment courses in teacher preparation programs. It also recommends integrating digital assessment competencies and practices in teacher preparation courses and in-service language teacher training in assessment.
Low Expression of Calcitriol Level and Interleukin-10 and Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1 Alpha Expression on Placenta

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia (PE) is the disease of theories and the second leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidities and mortalities worldwide. These pathological disturbances will induce inflammation process, oxidative stress, and poor subsequent growth on the fetus including 32% of intrauterine growth restriction, 22% of prematurity, and 24% of neonatal sepsis and asphyxia. There are many theories about the mechanism of PE. In the molecularly level, it is suspected that the low level of calcitriol and interleukin (IL)-10 expressions and high expression of hypoxia- inducible factor (HIF)-1α are the risk factors of PE. AIM: The aim of this study was to prove the low calcitriol level, IL-10, and high expression of HIF-1α in the placenta as the risk factors of PE. METHODS: A nested case–control study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology Sanglah and Wangaya Hospital Denpasar, Bali, from November 2020 to February 2021. RESULTS: A total of 64 samples of 20–40 weeks gestation age were selected by purposive consecutive sampling, divided into two groups consist of 32 PE as the cases and 32 non-PE as the controls. The material examination, 3 × 3 cm was isolated from the maternal placental surface, was performed at Laboratorium Biomedik Terpadu, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University. We performed an ELISA technique to find out the calcitriol level; in the other hand, we used immunohistochemistry for detected expression of IL-10 and HIF-1-α. The results revealed the risk of PE in low placental calcitriol levels about 13.8 times higher than in high calcitriol levels (odds ratio [OR] = 13,801, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.048–47,050, p = 0.001. The risk of PE in low placental IL-10 expression about 6.6 times higher than in high IL-10 expression (OR = 6600; 95% CI = 2208–19,728; p = 0.001). The risk of PE in high placental HIF-1-α expression about 5.6 times higher than in low placental HIF-1-α expression (OR = 5.622; 95% CI = 1.922–16.450; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Low calcitriol level, low IL-10, and high HIF-1-α expression on the placenta were proved as significant risk factors for the development of PE.
Performance of xenogeneic pulmonary visceral pleura as bioprosthetic heart valve cusps in swine

Objective Bovine pericardium is common biological material for bioprosthetic heart valve. There remains a significant need, however, to improve bioprosthetic valves for longer-term outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the chronic performance of bovine pulmonary visceral pleura (PVP) as bioprosthetic valve cusps. Methods The PVP was extracted from the bovine lung and fixed in 0.625% glutaraldehyde overnight at room temperature. The PVP valve cusps for the bioprosthetic valve were tailored using a laser cutter. Three leaflets were sewn onto a nitinol stent. Six PVP bioprosthetic valves were loaded into the test chamber of the heart valve tester to complete 100 million cycles. Six other PVP bioprosthetic valves were transcardially implanted to replace pulmonary artery valve of six pigs. Fluoroscopy and intracardiac echocardiography were used for in vivo assessments. Thrombosis, calcification, inflammation, and fibrosis were evaluated in the terminal study. Histologic analyses were used for evaluations of any degradation or calcification. Results All PVP bioprosthetic valves completed 100 million cycles without significant damage or tears. In vivo assessments showed bioprosthetic valve cusps open and coaptation at four months post-implant. No calcification and thrombotic deposits, inflammation, and fibrosis were observed in the heart or pulmonary artery. The histologic analyses showed complete and compact elastin and collagen fibers in the PVP valve cusps. Calcification-specific stains showed no calcific deposit in the PVP valve cusps. Conclusions The accelerated wear test demonstrates suitable mechanical strength of PVP cusps for heart valve. The swine model demonstrates that the PVP valve cusps are promising for valve replacement.
Aerobic power across positions - an investigation into women's soccer performance.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to discern the disparities in the aerobic capacity of female athletes occupying various positions within a soccer team, and to understand the physical characteristics of the athletes in different positions. It is critical to understand that the physical demands for players vary depending on their positions on the field, a factor that greatly influences their training and gameplay. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study engaged a sample of 25 female soccer players, average age of 22.72 (±2.69 SD), all of whom were active participants in the Chinese Women's Super League. The sample was distributed across several playing positions, including forwards, midfielders, and defenders. To gather pertinent data on oxygen uptake, a progressive load test was administered on a treadmill, coupled with a gas analyzer to amass respiratory indices (JAEGER, Germany). RESULTS The study revealed that there was a notable variance in the maximum oxygen uptake among players in different positions. The midfielders exhibited the highest VO2 max at 63.24±7.04 ml/kg/min, followed by the forwards who averaged at 58.92±7.70 ml/kg/min, and finally the defenders who recorded the smallest average at 55.73±4.40 ml/kg/min. CONCLUSIONS The outcomes of this study indicate that the positional role of a player in a team correlates with their aerobic capacity. Therefore, the positional demands significantly shape the player's physical characteristics, influencing their training and gameplay. This understanding is vital for the optimal conditioning of athletes in different positions in the sport of soccer.
Streamflow Prediction in the Mekong River Basin Using Deep Neural Networks

In recent years, the Mekong River Basin (MRB), one of the largest river basins in Southeast Asia, has experienced severe impacts from extreme droughts and floods. Streamflow forecasting has become crucial for effective risk management strategies in the region. However, this task presents significant challenges due to rapid climate changes and the presence of numerous newly constructed upstream dams, which disrupt the natural flow. In this paper, we develop multiple deep learning models (incl. Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long short-term Memory (LSTM), and Transformer) to predict streamflow with different lead time forecasts based on observed meteorological variables and climatic indices (i.e., discharge, water level, precipitation, and temperature) from 1979 to 2019. The results indicate that LSTM obtains high performance for streamflow prediction in both dry and wet seasons while Transformer is not recommended for long-term prediction, especially in the dry season. The proposed deep learning models capture well the fluctuation of river flow in the MRB during the period of high-dam development, especially LSTM (NSE ≥ 0.8). The models’ performances are enhanced with the adding of temperature for short-term prediction while precipitation was the most sensitive variable for long-term one. Such proposed models are essential for government agencies to plan mitigation and adaptation strategies at different periods, which can range from days to years.
The Flaring Activity of M Dwarfs in the Kepler Field

Flare events are mainly due to magnetic reconnection and thus are indicative of stellar activity. The Kepler Space Observatory records numerous stellar activities with unprecedented high photometric precision in flux measurements. It is perfectly suitable for carrying out a statistical study of flares. Here we present 540 M dwarfs with flare events discovered using Kepler long-cadence data. The normalized flare energy, as defined by the ratio to bolometric stellar luminosity, L flare / L bol , is used to indicate the flare activity. We find that, similar to the X-ray luminosity relation, the L flare / L bol versus P rot relation can also be described with three phases, supersaturation, saturation, and exponential decay, corresponding to an ultra-short period, a short period, and a long period. The flare activity and the number fraction of flaring stars in M dwarfs rise steeply near M4, which is consistent with the prediction of a turbulent dynamo. The size of starspots are positively correlated with flare activity. The L flare / L bol ratio has a power-law dependence on L H α / L bol , a parameter indicative of stellar chromosphere activity. According to this relation, a small enhancement in chromosphere activity may cause a huge rise in flare energy, which suggests that superflares or hyperflares may not need an extra excitation mechanism. Through a comparison study, we suggest that flare activity is a more suitable indicator for stellar activity, especially in the boundary region. However, contrary to what is expected, some M dwarfs with strong flares do not show any light variation caused by starspots. Follow-up observations are needed to investigate this problem.
Spectral Enrichment in Brass Instruments Due to Nonlinear Sound Propagation: a Comparison of Measurements and Predictions

Since the discovery nearly twenty years ago that nonlinear propagation of the internal sound wave in a trombonewas primarily responsible for the brassy timbre in fortissimo playing, it has become increasingly clear thatnonlinear distortion even at moderate sound levels can contribute signicantly to the tonal character of a brassinstrument. Previous work has explored the e ects of bore prole and viscous damping on the rate at whichspectral enrichment due to nonlinear distortion develops in brass instruments. This paper reviews evidence fromexperimentalmeasurementsandnumericalsimulationsofnonlinearpropagationinbrassinstrumentswithdi erentbore shapes and sizes, and discusses the possibility of deriving a quantitative prediction of the relative importanceof nonlinear spectral enrichment in a brass instrument from measurements of its bore.
Demographic profile and risk factors of head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma in west Tamil Nadu: A cross-sectional observational study

Background: Head-and-neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) comprise 30% of all cancer cases in India. The risk factors for HNSCC include tobacco and alcohol consumption. Objectives: Our primary objective was to evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients with HNSCC in the western Tamil Nadu population. Our secondary objective was to assess the association of the epidemiological profile with different anatomical sites and risk factors. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of data compiled from the clinical records of Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Oncology and Research Department, Sri Ramakrishna Hospital, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu, India) from January 2018 to December 2021. Clinicodemographic data like age, sex, primary tumor site, clinical staging, family history, and exposure to risk factors (smoking, tobacco chewing, alcohol) were collected from patients with histologically confirmed HNSCC using a specially designed questionnaire. Human papillomavirus (HPV) status was determined by p16 immunohistochemistry and validated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by employing consensus primers for HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Results: We enrolled 150 patients. The male-to-female ratio was 3:1. The mean age was 54.4 ± 10.2 years; majority of patients (59 [39.3%]) were aged between 51 and 60 years. The most frequently affected site was the oral cavity (58 [38.7%]). Tobacco chewing was the most common and the only risk factor observed among female patients (23 [62.2%]), while smoking along with alcohol consumption was commonly observed among male patients (24 [21.2%]). Smoking in combination with other risk factors (44 [29.3%]) was more common than smoking alone (9 [8%]). Tobacco chewing was a predominant risk factor for nasopharyngeal (4 [63.6%]) and oral cavity cancer (19 [32.8%]), while smoking was a predominant risk factor for laryngeal cancer (3 [30%]). Smoking with alcohol consumption was largely seen in oropharyngeal cancer (5 [33.3%]), while all three risk factors were observed in hypopharyngeal cancer (4 [14.3%]). Out of 38 samples tested, only four were positive for HPV (10.5%). Conclusions: The most affected demographic group with regard to HNSCC is middle-aged men (51–60 years), and the oral cavity is the most commonly affected site. Tobacco chewing is the most prevalent risk factor among women while smoking and alcohol consumption are the most common risk factors among men. Spreading awareness about the risk factors of HNSCC and their prevention is crucial to optimizing disease control.
Robust exponential stability of uncertain stochastic systems with probabilistic time‐varying delays

This paper is concerned with the problem of delay‐distribution–dependent robust exponential stability for uncertain stochastic systems with probabilistic time‐varying delays. Firstly, inspired by a class of networked systems with quantization and packet losses, we study the stabilization problem for a class of network‐based uncertain stochastic systems with probabilistic time‐varying delays. Secondly, an equivalent model of the resulting closed‐loop network‐based uncertain stochastic system is constructed. Different from the previous works, the proposed equivalent system model enables the controller design of the network‐based uncertain stochastic systems to enjoy the advantage of probability distribution characteristic of packet losses. Thirdly, by applying the Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional approach and the stochastic stability theory, delay‐distribution–dependent robust exponential mean‐square stability criteria are derived, and the sufficient conditions for the design of the delay‐distribution–dependent controller are then proposed to guarantee the stability of the resulting system. Finally, a case study is given to show the effectiveness of the results derived. Moreover, the allowable upper bound of consecutive packet losses will be larger in the case that the probability distribution characteristic of packet losses is taken into consideration.
Knowledge and Attitude About COVID-19 Affected The Mental Health of Nurses

Nurses are at the fore frontof taking care, prevention, and providing support and education almost at the same time without considering their psychological state in treating patients with Covid-19 for 24 hours. Most health workers have experienced and will experience some physical and psychological difficulties that are beyond their capacity. The importance of the knowledge and attitudes of nurses to provide professional nursing services during a pandemic has an impact on the ability of nurses to control the symptoms of mental health disorders. This study aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes about Covid-19 and mental health of nurses. This research had a correlational design with a cross-sectional study approach. The study population was 109 nurses and 53 of them were taken by proportional random sampling technique. The correlation test was made using a Spearman rank test. This study suggested a moderate relationship between knowledge about Covid-19 and mental health of workers (p-value) =0.001<=0.05, correlation coefficient=0.443 anda weak relationship between attitudes about Covid -19 and mental health (p-value) = 0.018 < = 0.05 correlation coefficient value=0.294). There is a relationship between knowledge and attitudes about Covid-19 with the mental health of nurses. It is suggested, particularly to the local Hospital of South east Sulawesi, tomake a policy to improve the mental health status of nurses.
A new technique for efficient reconfiguration of distribution networks

This paper presents an effective methodto solve the reconfiguration problem of distribution systems for minimizing the real power losses using the new proposed technique and the ant colony optimization. The proposed technique based on three operations on loop removal, loop update and loop subscription is introduced to generate the feasible solutions and to correct the infeasible solutions during the whole evolutionary processwithout applying tedious mesh checks, therefore the computational burden and optimization time are reduced. The effectiveness of the suggested technique is demonstrated on 33-, 69-and 118-bus test distribution systems. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method is useful andefficient for the reconfiguration problem of distribution networks.
TRACING THE LOWEST PROPELLER LINE IN MAGELLANIC HIGH-MASS X-RAY BINARIES

We have combined the published observations of high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) pulsars in the Magellanic Clouds with a new processing of the complete archival data sets from the XMM-Newton and Chandra observatories in an attempt to trace the lowest propeller line below which accretion to polar caps is inhibited by the centrifugal force and the pulsations from the most weakly magnetized pulsars cease. Previously published data reveal that some of the faster-spinning pulsars with spin periods of PS < 12 s, detected at relatively low X-ray luminosities LX, appear to define such a line in the PS–LX diagram, characterized by a magnetic moment of μ = 3 × 1029 G cm3. This value implies the presence of surface magnetic fields of B ≥ 3 × 1011 G in the compact objects of this class. Only a few quiescent HMXBs are found below the propeller line: LXP4.40 and SXP4.78, for which XMM-Newton and Chandra null detections respectively placed firm upper limits on their X-ray fluxes in deep quiescence; and A0538-66, for which many sub-Eddington detections have never measured any pulsations. On the other hand, the data from the XMM-Newton and Chandra archives show clearly that, during routine observation cycles, several sources have been detected below the propeller line in extremely faint, nonpulsating states that can be understood as the result of weak magnetospheric emission when accretion to the poles is centrifugally stalled or severely diminished. We also pay attention to the anomalous X-ray pulsar CXOU J010043.1-721134 that was reported in HMXB surveys. Its pulsations and locations near and above the propeller line indicate that this pulsar could be accreting from a fossil disk.
Relative ∞-capacity and its affinization

Abstract In this paper, the so-called relative ∞ {\infty} -capacity is introduced and investigated in a close connection to the viscosity solution of the ∞ {\infty} -Laplace equation. We not only show that the relative ∞ {\infty} -capacity equals the limit of the p-th root of the relative p-capacity as p → ∞ {p\to\infty} and hence has a simple geometric characterization in terms of the Euclidean distance, but also establish several basic properties for the relative ∞ {\infty} -capacity. Consequently, we apply the relative ∞ {\infty} -capacity to the embedding theory of the ∞ {\infty} -Sobolev space. More geometrically, we affinize the relative ∞ {\infty} -capacity and its fundamental features as much as possible.