Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of EnergyNest thermal energy storage (TES) technology

This paper presents the experimental results from the EnergyNest 2 × 500 kWhth thermal energy storage (TES) pilot system installed at Masdar Institute of Science & Technology Solar Platform. Measured data are shown and compared to simulations using a specially developed computer program to verify the stability and performance of the TES. The TES is based on a solid-state concrete storage medium (HEATCRETE®) with integrated steel tube heat exchangers cast into the concrete. The unique concrete recipe used in the TES has been developed in collaboration with Heidelberg Cement; this material has significantly higher thermal conductivity compared to regular concrete implying very effective heat transfer, at the same time being chemically stable up to 450 °C. The demonstrated and measured performance of the TES matches the predictions based on simulations, and proves the operational feasibility of the EnergyNest concrete-based TES. A further case study is analyzed where a large-scale TES system presented in this article is compared to two-tank indirect molten salt technology.This paper presents the experimental results from the EnergyNest 2 × 500 kWhth thermal energy storage (TES) pilot system installed at Masdar Institute of Science & Technology Solar Platform. Measured data are shown and compared to simulations using a specially developed computer program to verify the stability and performance of the TES. The TES is based on a solid-state concrete storage medium (HEATCRETE®) with integrated steel tube heat exchangers cast into the concrete. The unique concrete recipe used in the TES has been developed in collaboration with Heidelberg Cement; this material has significantly higher thermal conductivity compared to regular concrete implying very effective heat transfer, at the same time being chemically stable up to 450 °C. The demonstrated and measured performance of the TES matches the predictions based on simulations, and proves the operational feasibility of the EnergyNest concrete-based TES. A further case study is analyzed where a large-scale TES system presented in thi.
CONSTRAINING THE ASSEMBLY OF NORMAL AND COMPACT PASSIVELY EVOLVING GALAXIES FROM REDSHIFT z = 3 TO THE PRESENT WITH CANDELS

We study the evolution of the number density, as a function of the size, of passive early-type galaxies (ETGs) with a wide range of stellar masses (1010 M☉ < M* ≲ 1011.5 M☉) from z ∼ 3 to z ∼ 1, exploiting the unique data set available in the GOODS-South field, including the recently obtained WFC3 images as part of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey. In particular, we select a sample of ∼107 massive (M* > 1010 M☉), passive (SSFR < 10−2 Gyr−1), and morphologically spheroidal galaxies at 1.2 < z < 3, taking advantage of the panchromatic data set available for GOODS, including VLT, CFHT, Spitzer, Chandra, and HST ACS+WFC3 data. We find that at 1 < z < 3 the passively evolving ETGs are the reddest and most massive objects in the universe, and we prove that a correlation between mass, morphology, color, and star formation activity is already in place at that epoch. We measure a significant evolution in the mass–size relation of passive ETGs from z ∼ 3 to z ∼ 1, with galaxies growing on average by a factor of two in size in a 3 Gyr timescale only. We also witness an increase in the number density of passive ETGs of 50 times over the same time interval. We find that the first ETGs to form at z ≳ 2 are all compact or ultra-compact, while normal-sized ETGs (meaning ETGs with sizes comparable to those of local counterparts of the same mass) are the most common ETGs only at z < 1. The increase of the average size of ETGs at 0 < z < 1 is primarily driven by the appearance of new large ETGs rather than by the size increase of individual galaxies.
preparing efl 1 students for university emi 2 programs : the hidden challenge 3

This chapter discusses the specific challenges faced by Icelandic students trained in traditional English as a Foreign Language (EFL) when they enter university programs that are partially or entirely taught in English (English as a Medium of Instruction, EMI). This includes the measures taken by the Department of English to meet English majors’ and non-English majors’ growing demand for academic English support. The lack of academic English skills of Icelandic students is a “hidden challenge” (Ingvarsdóttir and Arnbjörnsdóttir, 2014) caused by an overconfident perception of students’ English proficiency by University officials and by the students themselves. The goal of the Department of English is to bring students quickly to a level of academic English that allows them to access curriculum and instruction where ENL (English as a Native Language) norms are expected. As the identified challenges differ from those encountered in students’ previous EFL dominated environment with minimal writing experience, there is a critical need to adapt teaching and learning practices to a new linguistic context where English functions as an additional language. The article concludes with a description of a new intensive instructional approach that targets identified English academic literacy needs of students entering the University of Iceland. The foundation of the new approach is that all students can acquire skills in organizing ideas and composing clear and effective text in English across all genres. The approach accomplishes this by developing awareness of English writing conventions, knowledge about which strategies to employ and when to employ them, revision skills and the persistence to rewrite until the text authentically reflects the views of the author. The idea is that through writing, students also gain an aware[1] EFL (English as a Foreign Language). The reference is to students who receive their academic English training in general EFL programs [2] EMI (English as Medium of Instruction) [3] The Hidden Challenge is a term that originates from my colleague and research partner Hafdís Ingvarsdóttir and refers to the fact that even though students and faculty struggle with English, the struggle is seen as a individual problem rather than a general challenge that should be addressed by the University as a whole. [78] arnbjörnsdóttir OSLa volume 9(3), 2017 ness of the nature of English academic texts and thereby hone their reading skills.
Wind turbine induced seismic signals: the large‐scale SMARTIE1 experiment and a concept to define protection radii for recording stations

ABSTRACT Wind turbines produce mechanical energy that can propagate to the ground and disturb sensitive measurements such as seismic recordings. The aim of the large‐scale experiment Seismic Monitoring And Research of wind Turbine Induced Emissions (SMARTIE1) at a single wind turbine in Pfinztal (SW Germany) is to understand how wind turbines emit seismic signals under different operating conditions and how these seismic signals propagate through the local subsurface. The main objectives of SMARTIE1 are the investigation of wind turbine induced seismic signals, the characteristics of their propagation behaviour, as well as the radiation pattern of a single wind turbine as defined using particle motions. Moreover, we quantify the emission of the wind turbine induced seismic signals with respect to the wind speed. The combination of the wind turbine's emission into the subsurface and the attenuation behaviour of the seismic signals (ground motion velocity) can be used to estimate protection radii around seismic stations to ensure the recording of seismic signals without noticeable influences of the wind turbines. In this study, we detect several discrete wind turbine induced frequency peaks ranging from 1 to 10 Hz. We identify a radiation pattern of the wind turbine, which could give further insights into the interaction between the movement of the wind turbine's nacelle and the generation of the wind turbine induced seismic signals. Using profile measurements with a maximum distance of almost 3 km each, we fit a power‐law decay for power spectral density proportional to 1/rb. The attenuation factor, b, ranges from 0.7 to 1.3 for lower frequencies between 1 and 4 Hz, and increases to b = 2.3 for the higher frequency peak around 5.25 Hz. Finally, we present an example of estimation of a protection radius around the seismic station of the Collm Observatorium that is part of the German Regional Seismic Network. The example protection radius around Collm Observatorium regarding this single wind turbine is reached at a minimum distance of 3.7 km.
Annual Pronghorn Survival of a Partially Migratory Population

The importance of conserving migratory populations is recognized across a variety of ungulate taxa, yet the demographic benefits of migration remain uncertain for ungulate populations that exhibit partial migration. We hypothesized that migratory pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) would experience greater survival compared to residents by moving longer distances to avoid severe winter weather and access higher quality forage. We used a Bayesian time‐to‐event approach to analyze the fates of 175 radio‐collared adult female pronghorn monitored over 8 biological years (2004–2011) in the Northern Sagebrush Steppe ecosystem. Annual survivorship of migratory pronghorn was 7% higher on average compared to residents but not statistically different. Migratory pronghorn had higher survivorship in summer and winter compared to residents, and few mortalities were observed during the short autumn and spring migration periods. Mortality risk for both movement tactics intensified under more severe winter weather; winter weather severity alone best explained annual pronghorn mortality risk. The top model predicted survival rates to decline on average by 56% over the range of observed winter climatic conditions. To minimize human impacts to pronghorn during extreme climatic events, we recommend working with transportation departments and land managers to enhance pronghorn crossings of roads and railroads, and landholders to modify fences to wildlife‐friendly standards. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Determinants of Economic Growth in Organic Farming: The Case of Bavaria and Baden-Wuerttemberg

The organic sector in Germany has experienced a substantial growth since the beginning of the 1990s until today. During this process of expansion, most organic farms have grown in terms of factor endowment, while others have disappeared or reconverted to conventional agriculture. This paper investigates the potential determinants of farms growth in the organic sector. This paper models potential factors that might have an impact on the economic growth of 332 organic farms in Bavaria and Baden-Wuerttemberg. The econometric model was developed based on ‘Gibrat’s Law’, using a fixed effect method (FE). The results suggest that direct marketing and livestock intensity significantly influence farm growth. In addition, less efficient farms grew faster than more efficient ones. This outcome can be explained by the economic pressure on inefficient firms for adaptation during the growth and survival process.
Near-infrared observations of nova V574 Puppis (2004)

We present results obtained from extensive near-infrared spectroscopic and photometric observations of nova V574 Pup during its 2004 outburst. The observations were obtained over 4 months, starting from 2004 November 25 (4 d after the nova outburst) to 2005 March 20. The near-infrared JHK light curve is presented - it shows no evidence of the fact that dust formation has occurred during our observations. In the early decline phase, the JHK spectra of the nova are dominated by emission lines of hydrogen Brackett and Paschen series, O I, C I and He I. We also detect the fairly uncommon Fe II line at 1.6872 μm in the early part of our observations. The strengths of the He I lines at 1.0830 and 2.0585 μm are found to become very strong towards the end of the observations indicating a progression towards higher excitation conditions in the nova ejecta. The width of the emission lines does not show any significant change during the course of our observations. The slope of the continuum spectrum was found to have a λ -2.75 dependence in the early stages which gradually becomes flatter with time and changes to a free-free spectral dependence towards the later stages. Recombination analysis of the H I lines shows deviations from case B conditions during the initial stages. However, towards the end of our observations, the line strengths are well simulated with case B model values with electron density n e = 10 9-10 cm -3 and a temperature equal to 10 4 K. Based on our distance estimate to the nova of 5.5 kpc and the observed free-free continuum emission in the later part of the observations, we estimate the ionized mass of the ejecta to be between 10- 5 and 10- 6 M ☉ .
MOLECULAR MARKERS ASSISTED GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME SELECTED WILD POACEAE SPECIES

Genetic diversity of ten selected wild species belonging to family Poaceae was assessed by using RAPD markers. The species consisted of Tragus roxburgii, Eragrostis poaeoides, Brachiaria distachya, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Setaria glauca, Setaria verticillata, Chrysopogon aucheri, Heteropogon contortus, Saccharum spontaneum and Themeda anathera. In total 10 primers of OPC series were used, of which 9 primers gave reproducible amplifications. Out of 139 bands produced, 92 bands were shown to be polymorphic leading to 66% polymorphism across the species. NTSYS cluster analysis showed 59% similarity among the selected species indicating their common phylogenetic origin and more genetic stability during evolution. The genetic similarity index value ranged from 0.51 to 0.89. The results indicated high level of genetic diversity among grass species on the basis of RAPD technique. There is need to study other members of family Poaceae from different populations by using other molecular markers.
On the relationship between the water mass pathways and eddy variability in the Western Mediterranean Sea

The role of eddies on the formation and spreading of water masses in the Western Mediterranean Sea is studied with an ocean general circulation model. The model is forced with interannually variable surface forcing for the years from 1979 to 1999. It is found that the model reproduces the major features of the observed mesoscale variability in the Gulf of Lions and the large eddies evolution in the Algerian Basin. The seasonal evolution of circulation in the Gulf of Lions and processes of spreading of newly formed intermediate deep waters in the postconvection period is studied for years 1987 and 1992. The model results are compared with data from observations. It is shown that the instability of the transition zone between old and newly formed deep waters, which takes place after the violent mixing stages of the deep convection, leads to collapse of the mixed patch and formation of mesoscale eddies. Some of these eddies propagate out of the Gulf of Lions transporting deep waters into the Algerian Basin. The rest of the mesoscale eddies filled with newly formed deep waters remain in the Gulf of Lions and tend to merge and enlarge. After the cyclonic eddies reach the Algerian Basin they interact with the intense mesoscale field existing there. The energy analysis shows that the winter and spring are seasons of intensified baroclinic instability of the mean flow in the two regions of interest, the Gulf of Lions and Algerian Basin. The kinetic energy is released by baroclinic instability in spring and summer. The spring spectra in the two regions have maximums at horizontal scales of about 80-100 km which is the typical scale of the eddies in the model. These eddies propagate a cyclonic circuit. The resulting eddy-induced mass transport in deep and intermediate layers is directed out of the Gulf of Lions and toward the Gibraltar Strait. Equivalently, we can argue the intermediate and deep waters conveyor belt of the Western Mediterranean Sea is eddy-drive.
Protons for Jehovah’s Witnesses? How press coverage of Ashya King’s case brought proton beam therapy to the public arena

The case of Ashya King, the child brain tumour patient whose parents took from a British hospital so he could be treated with Proton Beam Therapy (PBT) abroad, contributed to popularize that technology among a general audience. Through the content analysis of British and Spanish press coverage (N=329), our research shows that proton therapy enjoyed scarce coverage in the analysed media before Ashya King’s case. His story, magnified due to the fact that his parents were Jehovah’s witnesses was a cause both for public concern and media sensationalism. We show that the case brought PBT into the public sphere and, consequently, contributed to create a demand for facilities that offered this therapy. This case provides new data about how technology and medical controversy reaches different audiences: while the sphere of experts keeps debating about the benefits of the therapy, the public sphere has already decided to adopt
Assessment of SWAT Model Performance in Simulating Daily Streamflow under Rainfall Data Scarcity in Pacific Island Watersheds

Evaluating the performance of watershed models is essential for a reliable assessment of water resources, particularly in Pacific island watersheds, where modeling efforts are challenging due to their unique features. Such watersheds are characterized by low water residence time, highly permeable volcanic rock outcrops, high topographic and rainfall spatial variability, and lack of hydrological data. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used for hydrological modeling of the Nuuanu area watershed (NAW) and Heeia watershed on the Island of Oahu (Hawaii). The NAW, which had well-distributed rainfall gauging stations within the watershed, was used for comparison with the Heeia watershed that lacked recoded rainfall data within the watershed. For the latter watershed, daily rain gauge data from the neighboring watersheds and spatially interpolated 250 m resolution rainfall data were used. The objectives were to critically evaluate the performance of SWAT under rain gauge data scarce conditions for small-scale watersheds that experience high rainfall spatial variability over short distances and to determine if spatially interpolated gridded rainfall data can be used as a remedy in such conditions. The model performance was evaluated by using the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), the percent bias (PBIAS), and the coefficient of determination (R2), including model prediction uncertainty at 95% confidence interval (95PCI). Overall, the daily observed streamflow hydrographs were well-represented by SWAT when well-distributed rain gauge data were used for NAW, yielding NSE and R2 values of > 0.5 and bracketing > 70% of observed streamflows at 95PCI. However, the model showed an overall low performance (NSE and R2 ≤ 0.5) for the Heeia watershed compared to the NAW’s results. Although the model showed low performance for Heeia, the gridded rainfall data generally outperformed the rain gauge data that were used from outside of the watershed. Thus, it was concluded that finer resolution gridded rainfall data can be used as a surrogate for watersheds that lack recorded rainfall data in small-scale Pacific island watersheds.
Title Change They Can't Find: Change Blindness in Chimpanzees during a Visual Search Task

Although considerable advances have been made in the study of change blindness in humans, research regarding change blindness in nonhuman animals has been rare thus far. Indeed, we do not know whether chimpanzees, our closest evolutionary relatives, experience difficulty detecting changes in a stimulus when presentations are separated by blank displays. This study demonstrated that chimpanzees showed severe difficulties in detecting changes in a flicker-type visual search task, and these results are discussed in relation to the adaptive significance of change detection (e.g. the relationship between change blindness and vigilance behaviour).
Design of Grounding Vertical Rods Buried in Complex Soils Based on Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference Systems

Manuscript Received 5-July-2018 and revised 18-Sept. -2018 PISSN: 2322-4088 Accepted on 8Nov. -2018 EISSN: 2322-3936 Abstract— In this paper, using adaptive networks-based fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), a comprehensive closed-form solution for effective length of vertical grounding rod is extracted in such a way that the two effects of ionization and dispersion are simultaneously considered. In creating the model, training data are computed from multi-conductor transmission line (MTL). As a result, via ANFIS the effective length in such soils is efficiently computed. The simulation results show that considering both effects results in a length which is greater than the one in only-dispersive soil, and less than the one in only-ionized soil. Such a result is financially very important.
Too Hot to Handle: The Effects of High Temperatures during Pregnancy on Adult Welfare Outcomes

We examine the relationships between high temperatures during pregnancy and birth weight and later outcomes using random temperature fluctuations across 131 counties in China. One standard deviation increase of high-temperature days during pregnancy triggers about 0.07 kg lower birth weight, and, in adulthood, a 0.80 cm decrease in height, 0.27 fewer years of schooling, 13.30% less annual earnings, and 8.77%, 10.96%, and 7.31% of one standard deviation lower for evaluated health, word-, and math-test score, respectively. The impacts seem to be concentrated in the second trimester. Such effects should be included in calculations of the costs of global warming. Back-of-the-envelope predictions suggest that at the end of the 21st century, newborns on average will weigh 0.02-0.09 kg less; losses in height and education years will be 0.27-1.05 cm and 0.09-0.35 years, respectively. We also conclude that adverse effects of high temperatures are more likely to be consistent with physiological effects than income effects, because: (i) places with the high proportion of heat-tolerant crop area do not mitigate any estimated temperature sensitivity during pregnancy and (ii) total precipitation and high temperatures in the last year growing season before birth have no significant effects on all outcomes.
Title Children with chromosome 22 q 11 . 2 deletion syndrome exhibit impaired spatial working memory

Individuals with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) have been shown to have impairments in processing spatiotemporal information. The authors examined whether children with 22q11.2DS exhibit impairments in spatial working memory performance due to these weaknesses, even when controlling for maintenance of attention. Children with 22q11.2DS (n 5 47) and typically developing controls (n 5 49) ages 6–15 years saw images within a grid and after a delay, then indicated the positions of the images in the correct temporal order. Children with 22q11.2DS made more spatial and temporal errors than controls. Females with 22q11.2DS made more spatial and temporal errors than males. These results extend findings of impaired spatiotemporal processing into the memory domain in 22q11.2DS by documenting their influence on working memory performance.