Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of dust accumulation on photovoltaic panels: a review paper

ABSTRACT Photovoltaic systems (PV) have been extensively used worldwide as a reliable and effective renewable energy resource due to their environmental and economic merits. However, PV systems are prone to several environmental and weather conditions that impact their performance. Amongst these conditions is dust accumulation, which has a significant adversative impact on the solar cells’ performance, especially in hot and arid regions. This study provides a comprehensive review of 278 articles focused on the impact of dust on PV panels’ performance along with other associated environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed. The review highlights the importance of modelling dust accumulation along with other ecological factors due to their interactive nature, and the differences between cleaning techniques and schedules effectiveness. Moreover, the study provides a review of statistical and artificial intelligence models used to predict PV performance and its prediction accuracies in terms of data size and complexity. Finally, the study draws attention to several research gaps that warrant further investigation. Among these gaps is the need for proper dynamic optimisation models for cleaning schedules and a more advanced machine and deep learning models to predict dust accumulation while considering environmental and ageing factors.
Microextrusion Printing of Hierarchically Structured Thick V2O5 Film with Independent from Humidity Sensing Response to Benzene

The process of V2O5 oxide by the combination of sol-gel technique and hydrothermal treatment using heteroligand [VO(C5H7O2)2–x(C4H9O)x] precursor was studied. Using thermal analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and infra-red spectroscopy (IR), it was found that the resulting product was VO2(B), which after calcining at 300 °C (1 h), oxidized to orthorhombic V2O5. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results for V2O5 powder showed that it consisted of nanosheets (~50 nm long and ~10 nm thick) assembled in slightly spherical hierarchic structures (diameter ~200 nm). VO2 powder dispersion was used as functional ink for microextrusion printing of oxide film. After calcining the film at 300 °C (30 min), it was found that it oxidized to V2O5, with SEM and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results showing that the film structure retained the hierarchic structure of the powder. Using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), the work function value for V2O5 film in ambient conditions was calculated (4.81 eV), indicating a high amount of deficiencies in the sample. V2O5 film exhibited selective response upon sensing benzene, with response value invariable under changing humidity. Studies of the electrical conductivity of the film revealed increased resistance due to high film porosity, with conductivity activation energy being 0.26 eV.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Reputation in the Financial Sector of Developing Countries

The article proposes a theoretical model that relates corporate social responsibility and corporate reputation in order to hypothesizing influence on investor confidence by studying and usinig cases of financial firms in Peru. the case study method is used to analyze four Peruvian banks accounting for 25% of all participants of the banking system in Peru and 80% in the participation of three financial indicators: % credits, % deposits and % Patrimony. Peruvian banking companies have improved their reputation for social responsibility actions. This improved reputation has been correlated with a strengthening of the value of the company. Furthermore, analysis of each case, framed in CSR plans generates seven propositions classified in three relationships (CSR and investor confidence, CSR and corporate reputation and corporate reputation and investor confidence). In future studies, we intend to extend this analysis with large samples of Peruvian companies have developed CSR practices. The novelty of this work is twofold. The literature has analyzed the concepts of CSR and RC isolation. After a thorough review a model that relates the two concepts is proposed. Second, the model is used to hypothesize CSR and CR relationship in financial sector companies in developing countries. The research on this topic has been conducted mainly in production companies and developed countries.
IMPACT OF DUST COOLING ON DIRECT-COLLAPSE BLACK HOLE FORMATION

Observations of quasars at suggest the presence of black holes with a few times . Numerous models have been proposed to explain their existence, including a direct collapse, which provides massive seeds of . The isothermal direct collapse requires a strong Lyman–Werner (LW) flux to quench formation in massive primordial halos. In this study, we explore the impact of trace amounts of metals and dust enrichment. We perform three-dimensional cosmological simulations for two halos of with illuminated by an intense LW flux of . Our results show that initially the collapse proceeds isothermally with K, but dust cooling becomes effective at densities of and brings the gas temperature down to a few 100–1000 K for . No gravitationally bound clumps are found in the cases by the end of our simulations, in contrast to the case with . Large inflow rates of are observed for , similar to a zero-metallicity case, while for the inflow rate starts to decline earlier because of dust cooling and fragmentation. For given large inflow rates, a central star of may form for .
First discoveries of z ̃ 6 quasars with the Kilo-Degree Survey and VISTA Kilo-Degree Infrared Galaxy survey

We present the results of our first year of quasar search in the ongoing ESO public Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) and VISTA Kilo-Degree Infrared Galaxy (VIKING) surveys. These surveys are among the deeper wide-field surveys that can be used to uncover large numbers of z ˜ 6 quasars. This allows us to probe a more common population of z ˜ 6 quasars that is fainter than the well-studied quasars from the main Sloan Digital Sky Survey. From this first set of combined survey catalogues covering ˜250 deg2 we selected point sources down to ZAB = 22 that had a very red i - Z (i - Z > 2.2) colour. After follow-up imaging and spectroscopy, we discovered four new quasars in the redshift range 5.8 <z <6.0. The absolute magnitudes at a rest-frame wavelength of 1450 A are between -26.6 <M1450 <-24.4, confirming that we can find quasars fainter than M*, which at z = 6 has been estimated to be between M* = -25.1 and M* = -27.6. The discovery of four quasars in 250 deg2 of survey data is consistent with predictions based on the z ˜ 6 quasar luminosity function. We discuss various ways to push the candidate selection to fainter magnitudes and we expect to find about 30 new quasars down to an absolute magnitude of M1450 = -24. Studying this homogeneously selected faint quasar population will be important to gain insight into the onset of the co-evolution of the black holes and their stellar hosts.
STELLAR KINEMATICS OF THE ANDROMEDA II DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY

We present kinematical profiles and metallicity for the M31 dwarf spheroidal (dSph) satellite galaxy Andromeda II (And II) based on Keck DEIMOS spectroscopy of 531 red giant branch stars. Our kinematical sample is among the largest for any M31 satellite and extends out to two effective radii (reff = 5.′3 = 1.1 kpc). We find a mean systemic velocity of −192.4 ± 0.5 km s−1 and an average velocity dispersion of σv = 7.8 ± 1.1 km s−1. While the rotation velocity along the major axis of And II is nearly zero (<1 km s−1), the rotation along the minor axis is significant with a maximum rotational velocity of vmax = 8.6 ± 1.8 km s−1. We find a kinematical major axis, with a maximum rotational velocity of vmax = 10.9 ± 2.4 km s−1, misaligned by 67° to the isophotal major axis. And II is thus the first dwarf galaxy with evidence for nearly prolate rotation with a vmax/σv = 1.1, although given its ellipticity of ϵ = 0.10, this object may be triaxial. We measured metallicities for a subsample of our data, finding a mean metallicity of [Fe/H] = −1.39 ± 0.03 dex and an internal metallicity dispersion of 0.72 ± 0.03 dex. We find a radial metallicity gradient with metal-rich stars more centrally concentrated, but do not observe a significant difference in the dynamics of the two metallicity populations. And II is the only known dwarf galaxy to show minor axis rotation, making it a unique system whose existence offers important clues on the processes responsible for the formation of dSphs.
On a consistent finite-strain plate theory based on three-dimensional energy principle

This paper derives a finite-strain plate theory consistent with the principle of stationary three-dimensional potential energy under general loadings with a fourth-order error. Starting from the three-dimensional nonlinear elasticity (with both geometrical and material nonlinearity) and by a series expansion, we deduce a vector plate equation with three unknowns, which exhibits the local force-balance structure. The success relies on using the three-dimensional field equations and bottom traction condition to derive exact recursion relations for the coefficients. Associated weak formulations are considered, leading to a two-dimensional virtual work principle. An alternative approach based on a two-dimensional truncated energy is also provided, which is less consistent than the first plate theory but has the advantage of the existence of a two-dimensional energy function. As an example, we consider the pure bending problem of a hyperelastic block. The comparison between the analytical plate solution and available exact one shows that the plate theory gives second-order correct results. Compared with existing plate theories, it appears that the present one has a number of advantages, including the consistency, order of correctness, generality of loadings, applicability to finite-strain problems and no involvement of non-physical quantities.
Dopamine D2 receptors in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex modulate social hierarchy in male mice

Abstract Social hierarchy greatly influences behavior and health. Both human and animal studies have signaled the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) as specifically related to social hierarchy. Dopamine D1 receptors (D1Rs) and D2 receptors (D2Rs) are abundantly expressed in the mPFC, modulating its functions. However, it is unclear how DR-expressing neurons in the mPFC regulate social hierarchy. Here, using a confrontation tube test, we found that most adult C57BL/6J male mice could establish a linear social rank after 1 week of cohabitation. Lower rank individuals showed social anxiety together with decreased serum testosterone levels. D2R expression was significantly downregulated in the dorsal part of mPFC (dmPFC) in lower rank individuals, whereas D1R expression showed no significant difference among the rank groups in the whole mPFC. Virus knockdown of D2Rs in the dmPFC led to mice being particularly prone to lose the contests in the confrontation tube test. Finally, simultaneous D2R activation in the subordinates and D2R inhibition in the dominants in a pair switched their dominant–subordinate relationship. The above results indicate that D2Rs in the dmPFC play an important role in social dominance. Our findings provide novel insights into the divergent functions of prefrontal D1Rs and D2Rs in social dominance, which may contribute to ameliorating social dysfunctions along with abnormal social hierarchy.
A Catalog of Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12

We present a new catalog of narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLSy1) galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12 (SDSS DR12). This was obtained by a systematic analysis through modeling of the continuum and emission lines of the spectra of all the 68,859 SDSS DR12 objects that are classified as “QSO” by the SDSS spectroscopic pipeline with and a median signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) > 2 pixel−1. This catalog contains a total of 11,101 objects, which is about 5 times larger than the previously known NLSy1 galaxies. Their monochromatic continuum luminosity at 5100 Å is found to be strongly correlated with Hβ, Hα, and [O iii] emission line luminosities. The optical Fe ii strength in NLSy1 galaxies is about two times larger than the broad-line Seyfert 1 (BLSy1) galaxies. About 5% of the catalog sources are detected in the FIRST survey. The Eddington ratio ( ) of NLSy1 galaxies has an average of of −0.34, much higher than −1.03 found for BLSy1 galaxies. Their black hole masses ( ) have an average of of , which is less than BLSy1 galaxies, which have an average of of . The of NLSy1 galaxies is found to be correlated with their host galaxy velocity dispersion. Our analysis suggests that geometrical effects playing an important role in defining NLSy1 galaxies and their deficit is perhaps due to their lower inclination compared to BLSy1 galaxies.
Electronic bands of III-V semiconductor polytypes and their alignment

The quasiparticle band structures of four polytypes 3C, 6H, 4H, and 2H of GaP, GaAs, GaSb, InP, InAs, and InSb are computed with high accuracy including spin-orbit interaction applying a recently developed approximate calculation scheme, the LDA-1/2 method. The results are used to derive band offsets $\ensuremath{\Delta}{E}_{c}$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}{E}_{v}$ for the conduction and valence bands between two polytypes. The alignment of the band structures is based on the branch-point energy ${E}_{\mathrm{BP}}$ for each polytype. The aligned electronic structures are used to explain properties of heterocrystalline but homomaterial junctions. The gaps and offsets allow to discuss spectroscopic results obtained recently for such junctions in III-V nanowires.
Influence of baryons on the spatial distribution of matter: higher order correlation functions

Physical processes involving baryons could leave a non-negligible imprint on the distribution of cosmic matter. A series of simulated data sets at high resolution with identical initial conditions are employed for count-in-cell analysis, including one N-body pure dark matter run, one with only adiabatic gas and one with dissipative processes. Variances and higher order cumulants Sn of dark matter and gas are estimated. It is found that physical processes with baryons mainly affect distributions of dark matter at scales less than 1 h−1 Mpc. In comparison with the pure dark matter run, adiabatic processes alone strengthen the variance of dark matter by ∼ 10% at a scale of 0.1 h−1 Mpc, while the Sn parameters of dark matter only mildly deviate by a few percent. The dissipative gas run does not differ much from the adiabatic run in terms of variance for dark matter, but renders significantly different Sn parameters describing the dark matter, bringing about a more than 10% enhancement to S3 at 0.1 h−1 Mpc and z = 0 and being even larger at a higher redshift. Distribution patterns of gas in two hydrodynamical simulations are quite different. Variance of gas at z = 0 decreases by ∼ 30% in the adiabatic simulation but by ∼ 60% in the nonadiabatic simulation at 0.1 h−1 Mpc. The attenuation is weaker at larger scales but is still obvious at ∼ 10 h−1 Mpc. Sn parameters of gas are biased upward at scales < ∼ 4 h−1 Mpc, and dissipative processes show an ∼ 84% promotion at z = 0 to S3 at 0.1 h−1 Mpc in contrast with the ∼ 7% change in the adiabatic run. The segregation in clustering between gas and dark matter could have dramatic implications on modeling distributions of galaxies and relevant cosmological applications demanding fine details of matter distribution in a strongly nonlinear regime.
Characterization of Sideritis clandestina subsp. peloponnesiaca Polar Glycosides and Phytochemical Comparison to Other Mountain Tea Populations

Sideritis clandestina (Bory & Chaub.) Hayek subsp. peloponnesiaca (Boiss. & Heldr.) Baden (SCP) is endemic to the mountains of the Northern Peloponnese (Greece). This and other Sideritis taxa, collectively known as mountain tea, are widely ingested as beverages for refreshment or medicinal purposes. We describe a methodology for the characterization of SCP. Four iridoid glycosides (monomelittoside, melittoside, ajugoside, and 7-O-acetyl-8-epiloganic acid), two phenolic acid glycosides (vanillic and salicylic acid glycosides), and three caffeoyl ester glycosides (chlorogenic acid, verbascoside, and isoverbascoside) were isolated from SCP for the first time. We used ultrasound-assisted extraction of 3 g of plant material to produce petroleum ether and aqueous extracts, which we then analyzed using GC/MS and LC/MS. This was applied to eight samples from four different taxa. In total, 70 volatile and 27 polar metabolites were determined. The S. clandestina samples had a lower phenolic content and weaker antioxidant properties than S. raeseri and S. scardica. However, S. clandestina ssp. clandestina seemed to be the most aromatic taxon, with almost double the number of volatiles as the others. Τhis study could contribute to authentication and chemotaxonomic studies of Sideritis taxa.
Stress-induced charge-ordering process in LiMn2O4

ABSTRACT In this letter we report the stress-induced Mn charge-ordering process in the LiMn2O4 spinel, evidenced by the lattice strain evolutions due to the Jahn–Teller effects. In situ neutron diffraction reveals the initial stage of this process at low stress, indicating the eg electron localization at the preferential Mn sites during the early phase transition as an underlying charge-ordering mechanism in the charge-frustrated LiMn2O4. The initial stage of this transition exhibits as a progressive lattice and charge evolution, without showing a first-order behavior. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT IMPACT STATEMENT The newly reported continuous charge-ordering process will refresh the fundamental understanding of the structural evolution along with the anomalous physical properties in the frustrated LiMn2O4 spinel.
Level attraction in a microwave optomechanical circuit

Level repulsion - the opening of a gap between two degenerate modes due to coupling - is ubiquitous anywhere from solid state theory to quantum chemistry. In contrast, if one mode has negative energy, the mode frequencies attract instead. They converge and develop imaginary components, leading to an instability; an exceptional point marks the transition. This, however, only occurs if the dissipation rates of the two modes are comparable. Here we expose a theoretical framework for the general phenomenon and realize it experimentally through engineered dissipation in a multimode superconducting microwave optomechanical circuit. Level attraction is observed for a mechanical oscillator and a superconducting microwave cavity, while an auxiliary cavity is used for sideband cooling. Two exceptional points are demonstrated that could be exploited for their topological properties.
On the definition of superclusters

To obtain a physically well-motivated definition of superclusters, we proposed in our previous work to select superclusters with an overdensity criterion that selects only those objects that will collapse in the future, including those that are at a turn-around in the present epoch. In this paper we present numerical values for these criteria for a range of standard cosmological models. We express these criteria in terms of a density ratio or, alternatively, as an infall velocity and show that these two criteria give almost identical results. To better illustrate the implications of this definition, we applied our criteria to some prominent structures in the local Universe, the Local supercluster, Shapley supercluster, and the recently reported Laniakea supercluster to understand their future evolution. We find that for the Local and Shapley superclusters, only the central regions will collapse in the future, while Laniakea does not constitute a significant overdensity and will disperse in the future. Finally, we suggest that those superclusters that will survive the accelerating cosmic expansion and collapse in the future be called "superstes-clusters", where "superstes" means survivor in Latin, to distinguish them from traditional superclusters.
Unveiling the nature of bright z ~ 7 galaxies with the Hubble Space Telescope

We present new Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3 (HST/WFC3) imaging of 25 extremely luminous (−23.2 ≤ MUV ≲ −21.2) Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) at z ≃ 7. The sample was initially selected from 1.65 deg2 of ground-based imaging in the UltraVISTA/COSMOS and UDS/SXDS fields, and includes the extreme Lyman α emitters, ‘Himiko’ and ‘CR7’. A deconfusion analysis of the deep Spitzer photometry available suggests that these galaxies exhibit strong rest-frame optical nebular emission lines (EW0(Hβ + [O III]) > 600 A). We find that irregular, multiple-component morphologies suggestive of clumpy or merging systems are common (fmulti > 0.4) in bright z ≃ 7 galaxies, and ubiquitous at the very bright end (MUV 1000 similarly bright galaxies at z ≃ 7. Our new HST imaging suggests that the vast majority of these galaxies will be spatially resolved by Euclid, mitigating concerns over dwarf star contamination.
The diversity of growth histories of Milky Way-mass galaxies

We use the semi-analytic model developed by Henriques et al. (2015) to explore the origin of star formation history diversity for galaxies that lie at the centre of their dark matter haloes and have present-day stellar masses in the range 5-8 $\times$ 10$^{10}$ M$_{\odot}$, similar to that of the Milky Way. In this model, quenching is the dominant physical mechanism for introducing scatter in the growth histories of these galaxies. We find that present-day quiescent galaxies have a larger variety of growth histories than star-formers since they underwent 'staggered quenching' - a term describing the correlation between the time of quenching and present-day halo mass. While halo mass correlates broadly with quiescence, we find that quiescence is primarily a function of black hole mass, where galaxies quench when heating from their active galactic nuclei becomes sufficient to offset the redshift-dependent cooling rate. In this model, the emergence of a prominent quiescent population is the main process that flattens the stellar mass-halo mass relation at mass scales at or above that of the Milky Way.
Towards a reconstruction of general bulk metrics

We prove that the metric of a general holographic spacetime can be reconstructed (up to an overall conformal factor) from distinguished spatial slices—‘light-cone cuts’—of the conformal boundary. Our prescription is covariant and applies to bulk points in causal contact with the boundary. Furthermore, we describe a procedure for determining the light-cone cuts corresponding to bulk points in the causal wedge of the boundary in terms of the divergences of correlators in the dual field theory. Possible extensions for determining the conformal factor and including the cuts of points outside of the causal wedge are discussed. We also comment on implications for subregion/subregion duality.
New Developments in Cosmology

In this Thesis I discuss several recent results obtained using the CMB spectra measured by Planck and several other cosmological probes. Extensions of the $\Lambda$CDM model are studied, including the presence of an additional sterile neutrino (motivated by the short-baseline oscillation anomalies) and of a thermal axion. The degeneracies of the cosmological effects of these particles with the power spectrum of primordial perturbations are tested. We also show that the power spectrum of initial scalar perturbations can be degenerate with the presence of primordial non-Gaussianities, thus affecting the constraints on the non-Gaussianity parameter $f_{NL}$. Finally, an effective interaction between dark energy and dark matter is studied.