Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laser microprobe noble gases and nitrogen analysis of chondrules from the Dhajala chondrite

Noble gases and nitrogen are investigated in eight individual chondrules of the Dhajala H3.8 chondrite. The mean cosmic ray exposure age of the chondrules using 21Ne and 38Ar is 5.9 ± 3.0 Ma. There is no significant evidence of a pre‐exposure for these chondrules. All the measured chondrules contain variable amounts of radiogenic 129Xe. Noble gas analysis indicates Q‐type gas incorporated in the chondrules. The chondrules have variable amounts of N2. The chondrules have distinct trapped N isotopic composition (δ15Nt varies from −24.1 ± 8.4‰ to 89.1 ± 12.7‰), which is inconsistent with Q‐gas and solar wind. These inconsistencies can be considered preliminary evidence in support of multiple trapped components in the chondrules. A heavy N signature component is observed in the chondrules studied contrasted with the solar wind composition. There is no correlation between the concentration of N2 and noble gases. Derivations of variable nitrogen observed in Dhajala (H3.8) chondrules reflect the gas captured at the time of formation, having heterogeneous isotopic signature in the nebula.
Effect of Fermentation on Bacteria Isolates and Phytochemical Properties of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) Beans

This investigation was carried out to assess the bacteria associated with cocoa beans at different stages of fermentation and determine the changes in the phytochemical constituents of the fermenting beans. The pour plate technique was used for bacterial isolation while phytochemicals were assessed based on standard qualitative chemical reactions. The total bacterial count on the cocoa beans reduced during fermentation from the initial 86.2±0.02 x 10 CFU/g (day 0) to 1.00±0.00 x 10 5 CFU/g on day 5. However, there was an increase in the lactic acid bacteria count from 48.7±0.03 x 10 CFU/g (day 0) to 111.7±0.03 x 10 CFU/g on day 3, then reduced to 51.4±0.01 x 10 5 CFU/g on day 5. Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus were isolated from the cocoa beans at different stages of the fermentation. There was a gradual increase in the temperature of the fermenting cocoa mass from the initial 25.6°C recorded at the beginning of the fermentation to 42.8°C recorded on day 5. Also, the pH of the fermenting cocoa beans reduced significantly from 6.1 at the commencement of the fermentation to 3.2 on day 5. In the total titratable acidity assay, the acidity of the cocoa beans increased from 3.12% at the beginning of the Original Research Article Ibitoye et al.; SAJRM, 7(4): 1-8, 2020; Article no.SAJRM. 60314 2 fermentation to 7.12% on day 5. Further, in the phytochemical screening, only alkaloids, phenols, steroids and flavonoids were detected in the beans throughout fermentation period whereas tannin and saponin were not found in the beans at any stage of fermentation. The preset phytochemicals got reduced in intensity as fermentation advanced. From these results, it can therefore be concluded that fermentation helps to improve the taste quality and phytochemical properties of Nigerian cocoa beans.
Firm Ownership and Enterprise Risk Management Implementation: Evidence from the Nordic Region

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether firm ownership characteristics can explain demand for Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) implementation. Specifically, we examine the relationship between the presence of large shareholders, multiple blockholders and a dual-class share structure, and ERM implementation. To our knowledge we provide the first evidence on the effect of multiple blockholders and dual-class share structures on the implementation of ERM. ERM best practices can be considered as governance tools, used to monitor managerial discretion in risk management, ultimately reducing the agency cost of risk management. Accordingly, we analyze the demand for ERM in certain governance (e.g., ownership) settings. We use quantitative methods in our study: survey and regressions (tobit and logit models). Ownership data is hand-collected while ERM data comes from a survey conducted in the Nordic region. We find that ERM is implemented less frequently in firms where there are multiple blockholders, and where large controlling owners hold dual-class shares. These findings indicate that there is less demand for ERM’s monitoring role in firms that are associated with high agency costs. Given the increasing use of dual-class share structures, we believe further examination of ownership characteristics and corporate risk management is warranted.
Dicamba Spray Drift as Influenced by Wind Speed and Nozzle Type

With the release of dicamba-resistant crops, it is necessary to understand how technical and environmental conditions affect the application of dicamba. This study sought to evaluate drift from dicamba applications through flat-fan nozzles, under several wind speeds in a wind tunnel. Dicamba applications were performed through two standard (XR and TT) and two air induction (AIXR and TTI) 110015 nozzles at 0.9, 2.2, 3.6 and 4.9ms-1 wind speeds. The applications were made at 276 kPa pressure and the dicamba rate was 561 g ae ha-1. The droplet spectrum was measured using a laser diffraction system. Artificial targets were used as drift collectors, positioned in a wind tunnel from 2 to 12m downwind from the nozzles. Drift potential was determined using a fluorescent tracer added to solutions, quantified by fluorimetry. The air induction TTI nozzle produced the lowest percentage of dicamba drift at 2.2, 3.6 and 4.9m s-1 wind speeds at all distances. Dicamba spray drift from XR, TT and AIXR nozzles increased exponentially as wind speed increased, whereas from TTI nozzle drift increased linearly as wind speed increased. Drift did not increase linearly as the volume percentage of droplets smaller than 100 μm and wind speed increased. Nomenclature: Dicamba.
A Lay Definition of Grace: A Quantitative and Qualitative Content Analysis

ABSTRACT Grace is a central theme in religious traditions but receives only recently attention by psychologists. Conceptualizations of grace seem predominantly constructed within theological and theoretical frameworks, whereas these conceptualizations may be poorly aligned with the definitions of grace of lay persons. This study clarifies the concept of grace and creates a bottom-up definition, based on the understanding of non-experts in a secularized society. A total of 456 Belgian adults (64% female, mean age = 50.04) provided descriptions of grace in an online survey. A multidisciplinary coding team conducted quantitative and qualitative content analysis (Nvivo). The following themes and categories emerged (1) virtuous qualities: grace is recognized in a multitude of good qualities with forgiveness as the ultimate example; (2) extra-ordinary gift: grace is something you receive unmerited, the nature of the giving goes beyond mere fair exchange; (3) transcendent and immanent setting: grace is encountered in the realm of the divine as well as in human relationships and daily life; (4) profound experience: the giving and receiving of grace entails an articulated personal involvement leading to new beginnings and freedom and (5) profound feelings: the experience of grace is accompanied with positive feelings and states often preceded by negative feelings and states. Distribution of categories by respondent’s age, gender, and religiosity showed robustness of underlying characteristics in the definition of grace. However, significant group differences are found: believing and older participants described more often extra-ordinary and transcendent characteristics, whereas nonbelievers used more referrals to faults and forgiveness. Believing people used more positive feelings and women used more virtuous qualities in describing grace. The importance of further investigating the psychological dynamics of grace and its capacity for enhancing well-being is highlighted.
Serum vitamin D3 deficiency among cases with extensive tinea corporis infection

Background: Abnormal serum vitamin D3 levels have been implicated as risk factors for development of various skin disorders. Hence this study was planned to assess the prevalence of vitamin D3 deficiency among patients with Tinea corporis who were attending outpatient department of dermatology in a tertiary care centre. Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted by the department of dermatology, venereology and leprosy, at Sri Muthukumaran Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, among the patients attending the outpatient department, during the month of June to August 2019. A total of fifty cases with extensive Tinea corporis infection were included in the study. The study was conducted using a proforma with the detailed clinical history and also patients underwent skin scrapping for KOH mount and serum vitamin D3 analysis. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17. Results: Among the cases with extensive Tinea corporis infection, only 20% of cases were found to have normal levels of serum vitamin D3 whereas 48.3% of cases were found to have serum vitamin D3 insufficiency and 31.7% of cases had deficiency of serum vitamin D3 Conclusions: Screening for vitamin D3 deficiency for all cases with extensive Tinea corporis infection can be recommended. Further large scale clinical trials are needed to assess whether vitamin D3 deficiency has any role to play in pathogenesis and treatment of extensive Tinea corporis infection.
Strong convergence of a generalized forward–backward splitting method in reflexive Banach spaces

ABSTRACT In this paper, we study the so-called generalized monotone quasi-inclusion problem which is a generalization and extension of well-known monotone quasi-inclusion problem. We propose a forward–backward splitting method for solving this problem in the framework of reflexive Banach spaces. Based on Bregman distance function, we prove a strong convergence result of the proposed algorithm to a common zero of the problem. As an application, we apply the main result to the variational inequality problem. Finally, we provide some numerical examples to demonstrate our algorithm performance. The results presented in this paper improve and extend many known results in the literature.
(Re)Playing (with) Video game History: Moving beyond Retrogaming

This article will argue that the current literature on retrogaming as a practice and the retrogamer as a subject has been lacking in fully describing the variety of practices and subjects that engage with old games. Based on data collected by interviewing nine self-described Danish retrogamers, three motivations for engaging with old games, besides nostalgia, are identified. These motivations are typologized into three player types: amateur archaeologists, amateur art historians, and techno-historians. Following the analysis, it will be argued that retrogaming might be an imprecise term to encompass the many different ways that individuals engage with old games. The concepts historical play and nostalgic play are presented to alleviate this.
Building Customer Citizenship Behavior from Relationship Quality and Perceived Value Perspective in Online Transportation Service

Recently, Customer Citizenship behavior (CCB) has become a research focus in marketing. However, not many researches focus on the antecedent of this variable from the marketing behavior perspective. The research objective is to examine the effect of Relationship Quality and Perceived Value on CCB in online transportation services and Customer Satisfaction as the mediation in this relationship. The research involved 400 online transportation customers in Indonesia who used a minimum of three times in this transportation. By using Partial Least Square (PLS), the result found that Relationship Quality has a significant positive effect on Customer Satisfaction and CCB, Perceived Value has a positive significant effect on Customer Satisfaction and has no significant effect CCB. It means that for strengthen CCB, online transportation should create customer satisfaction. Research also found that Customer Satisfaction has a positive effect on CCB. The implication of the research is online transportation should improving the relationship quality and value for creating customer satisfaction for strengthening CCB. Customer satisfaction is an important conditions for improving CCB.
Novel causes, mechanisms and therapeutic strategies in mitochondrial disease

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
A critical analysis of the direct effects of dredging on fish

Dredging can have significant impacts on aquatic environments, but the direct effects on fish have not been critically evaluated. Here, a meta-analysis following a conservative approach is used to understand how dredging-related stressors, including suspended sediment, contaminated sediment, hydraulic entrainment and underwater noise, directly influence the effect size and the response elicited in fish across all aquatic ecosystems and all life-history stages. This is followed by an in-depth review summarizing the effects of each dredging-related stressor on fish. Across all dredging-related stressors, studies that reported fish mortality had significantly higher effect sizes than those that describe physiological responses, although indicators of dredge impacts should endeavour to detect effects before excessive mortality occurs. Studies examining the effects of contaminated sediment also had significantly higher effect sizes than studies on clean sediment alone or noise, suggesting additive or synergistic impacts from dredging-related stressors. The early life stages such as eggs and larvae were most likely to suffer lethal impacts, while behavioural effects were more likely to occur in adult catadromous fishes. Both suspended sediment concentration and duration of exposure greatly influenced the type of fish response observed, with both higher concentrations and longer exposure durations associated with fish mortality. The review highlights the need for in situ studies on the effects of dredging on fish which consider the interactive effects of multiple dredging-related stressors and their impact on sensitive species of ecological and fisheries value. This information will improve the management of dredging projects and ultimately minimize their impacts on fish.
Production Characteristics, Activity Patterns and Biodecolourisation Applications of Thermostable Laccases from Corynebacterium Efficiens and Enterobacter Ludwigii

The production conditions, characteristics and dye decolourisation potentials of two purified bacterial laccases from Corynebacterium efficiens and Enterobacter ludwigii were investigated. Optimum production pH was 3.0 and 4.0 respectively for E. ludwigii and C. efficiens. Khaya sp. and Gmelina arborea wood shavings, (NH4)2SO4 (30.2μM/ml) and K+ maximally supported laccase production in both organisms. The Vmax and specificity constants for both purified laccases were 44. 6μM/mg; 1858.4S-1μM-1and 23. 15μM/mg; 1015.4S-1μM-1 respectively. Maximum laccase activity was between 80°C and 90°C and pH 7.0. In both laccases, Fe3+ induced higher activity and red Dylon dye was 69% and 64% decolourised. The properties exhibited by these laccases could enhance their suitability in diverse biotechnological applications.
Design Space Exploration Study and Optimization of a Distributed Turbo-Electric Propulsion System for a Regional Passenger Aircraft

Electric propulsion systems are considered as one possibility to reach the ambitious goals of the European Union’s Flightpath 2050 with regards to greenhouse gas emissions and noise. It has been claimed in several publications that Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP) offers significant improvement in aerodynamic efficiency and thus a reduction in structural weight of the wing and noise emissions as well as additional degrees of freedom concerning flight control. To not outweigh those advantages by heavier drivetrains, the components within the electric propulsion system have to be extremely lightweight, efficient and reliable at the same time. The German nationally funded project SynergIE evaluates DEP for a 70 PAX regional reference aircaft with two (SE-2), six (DEP-6) and twelve (DEP-12) propulsion units with a turbo-electric drivetrain layout. This study aims to quantify the effect on the specific block fuel consumption for the different numbers of propulsors based on Top Level Aircraft Requirements (TLARs). The approach contains a coupled electric drivetrain system model which is based on physically derived, analytical models for each component linking specific subdomains, e.g., electromagnetics, structural mechanics and thermal analysis. A genetic algorithm is applied to optimise the key performance indicators (KPIs) of the electric system, before the results are fed back to the aircraft sizing process. It has been identified that constraints such as installation space or architectural decisions such as the number of propulsors have significant influence on the drivetrain weight and efficiency and interact with the whole aircraft sizing process, esp. with reference to nacelle weight and drag and thus the block fuel consumption. The study shows that the DEP-6 and DEP-12 project aircraft both have a potential of reducing the specific block fuel consumption by approx. 4.2 % and 5.8 % respectively in case of direct driven propellers, while for a geared-drive scenario a total reduction of up to 7.6 % in case of DEP-6 and 8.5 % in case of DEP-12 is possible, all compared to the direct-driven baseline (BSL) aircraft SE-2.
The abundance of an invasive freshwater snail Tarebia granifera (Lamarck, 1822) in the Nseleni River, South Africa

The invasive freshwater snail Tarebia granifera (Lamarck, 1822) was first reported in South Africa in 1999 and it has become widespread across the country, with some evidence to suggest that it reduces benthic macroinvertebrate biodiversity. The current study aimed to identify the primary abiotic drivers behind abundance patterns of T. granifera, by comparing the current abundance of the snail in three different regions, and at three depths, of the highly modified Nseleni River in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Tarebia granifera was well established throughout the Nseleni River system, with an overall preference for shallow waters and seasonal temporal patterns of abundance. Although it is uncertain what the ecological impacts of the snail in this system are, its high abundances suggest that it should be controlled where possible and prevented from invading other systems in the region.
Body color pattern and aggressiveness related to behavioral context and light intensity in an Amazonian cichlid, Laetacara fulvipinnis Staeck & Schindler, 2007

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe agonistic interaction and color patterns relative to social status and to evaluate the effects of light on aggressiveness in Laetacara fulvipinnis. Eight agonistic events were observed: frontal display, mouth fight, nipping, chase, parallel display, threat, undulation, and flight. Four body color patterns were related to the social context. Two light levels were also tested: groups of juveniles were maintained for 15 days under low (228 ± 38.60 lx) or high (1435.92 ± 481.40 lx) light. Color pattern a was mainly observed during escalating agonistic interactions. Other patterns were exhibited during flight, rest, and attack. High light decreased the latency to fighting; increased the frequency of threats, total attacks, and flight; and destabilized the social hierarchy. These findings indicate that light intensity increases aggressiveness, interferes with the stability of hierarchies, and may result in a stressful situation with negative effects on animal welfare.
The rocky road to quiescence: compaction and quenching of quasar host galaxies at z ∼ 2

We resolve the host galaxies of seven gravitationally lensed quasars at redshift 1.5 to 2.8 using observations with the Atacama Large (sub-)Millimetre Array. Using a visibility-plane lens modelling technique, we create pixellated reconstructions of the dust morphology, and CO line morphology and kinematics. We find that the quasar hosts in our sample can be distinguished into two types: 1) galaxies characterised by clumpy, extended dust distributions ($R_{\rm eff}\sim2$ kpc) and mean star formation rate surface densities comparable to sub-mm-selected dusty star-forming galaxies ($\Sigma_{\rm SFR}\sim5$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$ kpc$^{-2}$); 2) galaxies that have sizes in dust emission similar to coeval passive galaxies and compact starbursts ($R_{\rm eff}\sim0.5$ kpc), with high mean star formation rate surface densities ($\Sigma_{\rm SFR}=$ 40$-$2200 M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$ kpc$^{-2}$) and peak densities of 280$-$3700 M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$ kpc$^{-2}$ that in some cases are Eddington-limited. The small size of some quasar hosts suggests that we observe them at a stage in their transformation into compact spheroids, where a high density of dynamically unstable gas leads to efficient star formation and black hole accretion. For the one system where we probe the mass of the gas reservoir, we find a gas fraction of just $0.06 \pm 0.04$ and a depletion timescale of $50 \pm 40$ Myr, suggesting it is transitioning into quiescence. In general, we expect that the extreme level of star formation in the compact quasar host galaxies will rapidly exhaust their gas reservoirs and could quench with or without help from active galactic nuclei feedback.
Status of birds of prey in Guinea-Bissau: first assessment based on road surveys§

Several studies have reported marked declines in populations of birds of prey across the African continent, including West Africa. However, there are still regions of which virtually nothing is known, as is the case for Guinea-Bissau. Because birds of prey play important roles in ecosystems and several species are threatened, it is important to establish baseline knowledge on their status. This is the first study in the country focusing exclusively on birds of prey. We conducted 1 711 km of roadside transects from mid-February to the end of May 2016, covering most of Guinea-Bissau. In total 4 989 birds of 33 species were counted, of which Hooded Vultures Necrosyrtes monachus were the most common (252 birds per 100 km, the second highest abundance in all the species’ range). Observations outside transects, including during regular field trips throughout the country, particularly between 2012 and 2016, were used as complementary information adding 13 species to the list, and contributing three new species for Guinea-Bissau: Ayres’s Hawk-eagle Hieraaetus ayresii, Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus and Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni. Most species showed differences in abundance in relation to vegetation cover (based on the normalised difference vegetation index). Apart from Hooded Vultures and White-backed Vultures Gyps africanus, all other raptors in the IUCN Red List were found to be scarce, including other vultures and several medium-to-large eagles.