Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unilateral and bilateral jumping performance in female basketball players with and without a history of lower limb injuries

Introduction: Lower limb injuries are major problems in team sports, especially among female players. The study aimed to investigate how lower limb injury history compared to no history of injuries affects unilateral and bilateral jumping performance in female basketball players. Additionally, knee and ankle mobility were investigated. Material and methods: Twenty-one female basketball players participated in this study: 12 players from the elite level and 9 from the university team. There were 21 limbs with an injury history of knee or ankle sprain. Two jumping tests were conducted: a two-leg countermovement jump (CMJ) without arm swing, and a series of single-leg jumps within 15 seconds. Parameters of jumps were detected and measured using the optical measuring system. Injury history was investigated using a survey. Results: Elite players had a greater CMJ height, specific and total energy, active knee extension and smaller ankle dorsiflexion than university players. No significant differences were found between knee and ankle injuries in terms of the parameters of CMJ and single-leg jumps or range of motion. There were significant correlations between the frequen - cy of jumps (r = – 0.66, p = 0.001), total energy (r = 0.55, p = 0.009), contact time (r = 0.49, p = 0.02), height (r = 0.46, p = 0.03) and the time elapsed since the injury. Conclusions: Coaches and physiotherapists should consider the connection between time elapsed since the injury and jumping performance when evaluating female basketball players’ abilities and risk factors for re-injury.
Rocket observations at the northern edge of the eastward electrojet

A Nike-Tomahawk rocket was launched north over two quiet, late evening auroral arcs in March 1975. A northward magnetic disturbance was observed on the ground under the rocket trajectory. South of the arcs the northward electric field was 60 mV/m, indicating strong westward plasma flow. An eastward electrojet current layer was penetrated in the upward flight. Precipitating electrons were observed over each arc. The electric field decreased to below 20 mV/m over each arc and recovered to 50 mV/m between the arcs. Using the observed electron flux and a model of the ionosphere, the Hall and Pedersen conductivities were calculated. These conductivities were used, with the observed electric field, to calculate the eastward and northward components of the horizontal ionospheric currents. The eastward current calculated south of the first arc agreed well with the observed eastward electrojet current. The power dissipated by the Pedersen current . sigma. /sub p/EPSILON/sup 2/ was also calculated and compared with the power carried by the precipitating electrons. The Joule power decreased abruptly in the auroral arcs, as the pricipitating electron power increased. The total dissipated power was approximately the same inside the arcs, between them, and south of the luminosity. North of the aurora the electricmore » field and dissipated power remained low. Field-aligned currents carried by the observed electrons were about a factor of 3 lower than those inferred from the magnetic field measurements. Likewise, current continuity arguments to keep the auroral current system divergence free required a larger field-aligned current than that obtained from the particle detectors. « less
An application of GIS analysis on structural data from metamorphic rocks in Santorini Island.

Η ηφαιστeιακή νήσος Σαντορίνη βρίσκeται στη βόρeια Κρητική θάλασσα και αποτeλeί τμήμα του σύγχρονου ηφαιστeιακού τόξου του Αιγαίου. Το άνοιγμα της Κρητικής θάλασσας eίναι το αποτέλeσμα μίας σeιράς πλαστικών και θραυστικών ρηγμάτων αποκόλλησης που διαμορφώθηκαν από το Μέσο Μeιόκαινο. Ένα ρήγμα αποκόλλησης μeταξύ δύο μeταμορφωμένων eνοτήτων eντοπίζeται στην πeριοχή Αθηνιό, της νήσου Σαντορίνη. Στις eνότητeς των μeταμορφωμένων πeτρωμάτων προσδιορίστικαν κοινά χαρακτηριστικά δομών θραυστικής παραμόρφωσης αλλά διαφορeτικά χαρακτηριστικά πλαστικής και πλαστικής-θραυστικής παραμόρφωσης δομές. Διαφορeτικές θeρμικές ιστορίeς μeταξύ των δύο μeταμορφικών eνοτήτων αναδeικνύουν την Μeιοκαινική μeταμορφωμένη eνότητα να βρίσκeται τeκτονικά κάτω από την Ηωκαινική μeταμορφωμένη eνότητα. Στην eργασία αυτή, δημιουργήθηκe ένας χάρτης πρόβλeψης της eμφάνισης τeκτονικών χαρακτηριστικών στην πeριοχή Αθηνιός δημιουργήθηκe μe στατιστικό και γeωγραφικό σύστημα πληροφοριών (G.I.S.) υπολογιστικό πρόγραμμα, όπου παρουσιάζeται μία χωρική κατανομή συναφή μe την eμφάνιση των δύο μeταμορφωμένων eνοτήτων. K-Mean ανάλυση συστάδων χρησιμοποιώντας SPSS υπολογιστικό πρόγραμμα δeίχνeι μία χωρική κατανομή συναφή μe την eμφάνιση των δύο μeταμορφωμένων eνοτήτων. Η K-mean ανάλυση συστάδων χρησιμοποιώντας SPSS υπολογιστικό πρόγραμμα σe αζιμούθια γραμμώσeων των μeταμορφωμένων eνοτήτων και δeίχνeι δύο πληθυσμούς μe αντίστοιχeς ιδιοτιμές 347.2o ± 0.73o μοίρeς (ΒΒΔ προς Β) kαι 004o ± 0.83o μοίρeς (Β προς ΒΒΑ). Ο πληθυσμός των ΒΒΔ-γράμμωσης (παράλληλη γρά μμωση στο τόξο) ανήκeι στην κατώτeρη Μeιοκαινική μeταμορφωμένη eνότητα και ο πληθυσμός της ΒΒΑ-γράμμωσης αντιπροσωπeύeι την Ηωκαινική μeταμορφωμένη eνότητα που έχeι eπηρeαστeί από την κάθeτη γράμμωση στο ηφαιστeιακό τόξο. Ο γeωστατιστικός χάρτης τύπου ordinary Kriging δeίχνeι πιθανές eμφανίσeις των τeκτονικών eπαφών των δύο eνοτήτων. Η μeθοδολογία αυτή μας παρέχeι τη δυνατότητα δημιουργίας χάρτη πρόβλeψης eμφάνισης δομών που διeυκολύνeι την eργασία υπαίθρου για τeκτονικές και δομικές αναλύσeις καθώς και για πιο αποτeλeσματική δeιγματοληψία θeρμοχρονολόγηση.
Alaska tidewater glacier terminus positions, 1948–2012

A significant portion of the world's glacier ice drains through tidewater outlets, though much remains unknown about the response to recent climate change of tidewater glaciers. We present a 64 year record of length change for 50 Alaska tidewater glaciers. We use U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps to provide a base length for glaciers before 1970. Using all available cloud‐free Landsat images, we manually digitize calving front outlines for each glacier between 1972 and 2012, resulting in a total of more than 10,000 outlines. Tidewater glacier lengths vary seasonally; focusing on the 36 glaciers terminating in tidewater throughout the study period, we find a mean (± standard deviation) seasonal variation of 60± 85 m a−1. We use these oscillations to determine the significance of interannual changes in glacier length. All 36 glaciers underwent at least one period (≥1 year) of significant advance or retreat; 28 glaciers underwent at least one period of both significant advance and retreat. Over the entire period 1948–2012, 24 of these glaciers retreated a total (± uncertainty) of 107.95±0.29 km, 11 advanced a total of 7.71±0.20, and one (Chenega Glacier) did not change significantly. Retreats and advances are highly variable in time; several glaciers underwent rapid, short‐term retreats of a few years duration. These retreats occurred after large changes in summer sea surface temperature anomalies; further study is needed to determine what triggered these retreats. No coherent regional behavior signal is apparent in the length record, although two subregions show a coherence similar to recent observations in Greenland.
Spacefaring: The Human Dimension

The stars have always called us, but only since the 1960s have we been able to respond by travelling in space. This book explores the human side of spaceflight: why people are willing to brave danger and hardship to go into space; how human culture has shaped past and present missions; and the effects of space travel on health and well-being. A comprehensive treatment of its subject, this book combines statistical studies, rich case histories, and anecdotal detail as it investigates the phenomenon of humans in space - from the earliest spaceflights to the missions of tomorrow. Drawing from a strong research base in the behavioural sciences, Harrison covers such topics as habitability, crew selection and training, coping with stress, group dynamics, accidents, and more. In addition to taking a close look at spacefarers themselves, "Spacefaring" reviews the broad organizational and political contexts that shape human progress toward the heavens. With the ongoing construction of the International Space Station, the human journey to the stars continues, and this book will surely help guide the way.
A canonical response of precipitation characteristics to global warming from CMIP5 models

In this study, we find from analyses of projections of 14 CMIP5 models a robust, canonical global response in rainfall characteristics to a warming climate. Under a scenario of 1% increase per year of CO2 emission, the model ensemble projects globally more heavy precipitation (+7 ± 2.4%K−1), less moderate precipitation (−2.5 ± 0.6%K−1), more light precipitation (+1.8 ± 1.3%K−1), and increased length of dry (no‐rain) periods (+4.7 ± 2.1%K−1). Regionally, a majority of the models project a consistent response with more heavy precipitation over climatologically wet regions of the deep tropics, especially the equatorial Pacific Ocean and the Asian monsoon regions, and more dry periods over the land areas of the subtropics and the tropical marginal convective zones. Our results suggest that increased CO2 emissions induce a global adjustment in circulation and moisture availability manifested in basic changes in global precipitation characteristics, including increasing risks of severe floods and droughts in preferred geographic locations worldwide.
Fault activity in the epicentral area of the 1580 Dover Strait (Pas-de-Calais) earthquake (northwestern Europe)

On 1580 April 6 one of the most destructive earthquakes of northwestern Europe took place in the Dover Strait (Pas de Calais). The epicentre of this seismic event, the magnitude of which is estimated to have been about 6.0, has been located in the offshore continuation of the North Artois shear zone, a major Variscan tectonic structure that traverses the Dover Strait. The location of this and two other moderate magnitude historical earthquakes in the Dover Strait suggests that the North Artois shear zone or some of its fault segments may be presently active. In order to investigate the possible fault activity in the epicentral area of the AD 1580 earthquake, we have gathered a large set of bathymetric and seismic-reflection data covering the almost-entire width of the Dover Strait. These data have revealed a broad structural zone comprising several subparallel WNW–ESE trending faults and folds, some of them significantly offsetting the Cretaceous bedrock. The geophysical investigation has also shown some indication of possible Quaternary fault activity. However, this activity only appears to have affected the lowermost layers of the sediment infilling Middle Pleistocene palaeobasins. This indicates that, if these faults have been active since Middle Pleistocene, their slip rates must have been very low. Hence, the AD 1580 earthquake appears to be a very infrequent event in the Dover Strait, representing a good example of the moderate magnitude earthquakes that sometimes occur in plate interiors on faults with unknown historical seismicity.
Seismic volcanostratigraphy of large-volume basaltic extrusive complexes on rifted margins

Large-volume extrusive basaltic constructions have distinct morphologies and seismic properties depending on the eruption and emplacement environments. The presence and amount of water is of main importance, while local rift basin configuration, erosion, and resedimentation determine the overall geometry of the volcanic constructions. We have developed the concept of seismic volcanostratigraphy, a subset of seismic stratigraphy, to analyze volcanic deposits imaged on seismic reflection data. The method places special focus on identification and mapping of seismic facies units and the volcanological interpretation of these units. Interpretation of seismic reflection data along the Atlantic and Western Australia rifted margins reveals six characteristic volcanic seismic facies units named (1) Landward Flows, (2) Lava Delta, (3) Inner Flows, (4) Inner Seaward Dipping Reflectors (Inner SDR), (5) Outer High, and (6) Outer SDR. These units are interpreted in terms of a five-stage tectonomagmatic volcanic margin evolution model comprising (1) explosive volcanism in a wet sediment, broad basin setting, (2) subaerial effusive volcanism forming Gilbert-type lava deltas along paleoshorelines, (3) subaerial effusive volcanism infilling a fairly narrow rift basin, (4) shallow marine explosive volcanism as the injection axis is submerged below sea level, and finally (5) deep marine sheet flow or pillow-basalt volcanism. Further, erosion and resedimentation processes are particularly important during the shallow marine stages. Seismic volcanostratigraphy provides important constraints on rifted-margin development, in particular, on the prevolcanic basin configuration, relative timing of tectonomagmatic events, total amount of volcanic rocks, location of paleoshorelines, and margin subsidence history. These parameters give key boundary conditions for understanding the processes forming volcanic margins and other large-volume basaltic provinces.
Age of the World's Oldest Rocks Refined Using Canada's SHRIMP: The Acasta Gneiss Complex, Northwest Territories, Canada

The Sensitive High Resolution Ion Micro-probe (SHRIMP) at the Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, has been used to show that the oldest-known continental crust is even older than previously thought. Zircon grains from a deformed igneous rock from the Acasta Gneiss Complex, Northwest Territories, Canada, are interpreted, based on their U-Pb isotope systematics, to have crystallized at-4.03 Ga. Subsequent high-grade metamorphism at -3.36 Ga and later resulted in extensive Pb-loss and growth of metamorphic zircon. This is one of the few rocks known to have survived the first 500 million years of Earth's history. Resume Des analyses realisees a la Commission geologique du Canada utilisant la microsonde ionique a haute resolution ultrasensible SHRIMP ont permis de realiser que la plus vieille croute continentale terrestre connue est encore plus ancienne qu'on ne l'avait cru. L'etude des rapports U-Pb des analyses radiometriques sur des grains de zircon provenant d'un echantillon de roche ignee deformee du complexe de gneiss de Acasta, Territoires du Nord-Ouest au Canada, montre que ces grains de zircon se sont cristallises il y - 4,03 Ga. Une poussee metamorphique subsequente de forte intensite, il y a ~ 3,36 Ga, a provoque une grande deperdition de la fraction Pb et entraine la recristallisation subsequente d'une phase metamorphique de zircons. Il s'agit la d'un des rares echantillons de roche ayant subsiste aux evenements des premiers 500 millions d'annees de l'histoire de la Terre.
Influence of continental outflow and ocean biogeochemistry on the distribution of fine and ultrafine particles in the marine atmospheric boundary layer over Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal

Extensive measurements of aerosol number size distributions (in the size range of 10 to 875 nm) carried out over the oceanic regions of the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea during two large cruise experiments (one during pre‐monsoon and the other during winter) are used to investigate the spatial distribution of aerosol size distributions, in general, and that of fine particles, in particular, within the marine atmospheric boundary layer. The size distributions over the northwestern Bay of Bengal, lying downwind of the continental outflow from the Indo‐Gangetic Plain, and over the eastern Bay of Bengal, under the influence of the East Asian outflow, showed a bimodal structure with prominent mode (100–125 nm) in the accumulation regime and weak mode (30–40 nm) in the Aitken regime during both pre‐monsoon and winter seasons. While the Aitken mode was found to be relatively quite weak in the Indo‐Gangetic Plain outflow during both seasons, it was prominent in the East Asian outflow regions, especially during the winter season. The distributions over the northern Arabian Sea, a region quite prone to advection of dust during pre‐monsoon and summer seasons, showed a prominent Aitken mode (~45 nm) followed by a weaker accumulation mode during pre‐monsoon season. Analysis of SeaWiFS data revealed a systematic collocation of Aitken mode aerosols and the high chlorophyll concentration in the northern Arabian Sea, implying the role of ocean biogeochemistry in influencing the aerosol size distributions. Such a feature implying biogeochemical influence was not seen over the eastern and northern Bay of Bengal during pre‐monsoon and winter seasons.
Palaeoenvironmental and Palaeodietary Implications of Isotopic Biogeochemistry of Last Interglacial Neanderthal and Mammal Bones in Scladina Cave (Belgium)

Abstract Une etude isotopique d’os de mammiferes du Pleistocene superieur interglaciaire de la couche 4 de la grotte Scladina (Sclayn, Belgique) a demontre la bonne qualite de conservation du collagene. Le protocole d’extraction a du etre modifie par rapport a la technique usuelle mais le collagene obtenu est conforme aux criteres d’indigeneite isotopique. Les abondances isotopiques du carbone montrent que les herbivores analyses vivaient dans un environnement forestier, tandis que les carnivores analyses consommaient aussi des proies de milieux plus ouverts. Les compositions isotopiques en carbone et azote du neandertalien suggerent que l’essentiel de ses proteines alimentaires etaient fournies par de la viande d’herbivores de milieu ouvert.
P‐183L: Late‐News Poster: Temporal Division Method for Improving Off‐Axis Image Quality of VA LCDs

A type of vertical alignment (VA) LCD shows a decrease in off-axis image quality. Although it has been improved using super patterned VA (S-PVA), its aperture ratio decreases. This letters reports the application of temporal division method (TDM) which is introduced to improve both off-axis image quality and the aperture ratio.
Yield improvement and associated characteristics of some Australian spring wheat cultivars introduced between 1860 and 1982

Twenty-eight Australian wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) cultivars representing a series from the 1860s to 1982, were grown in 20 field trials over four years in the wheatbelt of Western Australia. The cultivars included introductions and selections made before 1900, plus important cultivars bred or grown in Western Australia up to 1982. Five of the latter group were from crosses including semidwarf cultivars as parents. Grain yields were measured on all trials, and six trials were also sampled for biomass and yield components.Based on the regression of mean grain yield versus the number of years elapsed since 1884, yields have increased from 1022 kg ha-1 in 1884 to 1588 kg ha-1 in 1982. This represents a rate of increase of 5.8 kg ha-1 year-1 or 0.57% per year. Regression of cultivar yield on site mean yield gave values of b, the slope of the regression, from 0.66 to 1.24, and these were higher for modern than for old cultivars.In six trials sampled for yield components, above-ground biomass appeared to have increased slightly when comparing early selections and their derivatives with later cultivars, but over 80% of the overall increase in grain yield was due to increase in harvest index. Grains per car and grains m-2 were strongly and positively correlated with grain yield, but there were weak negative correlations between 1000-grain weight and yield, and between 1000 grain weight and years since 1884. Cultivars with a semi-dwarf background had equal biomass, but higher yield, harvest index, ear number m-2 and grains ear-2 than modern tall cultivars. The results show that genetic improvement has substantially increased yield potential in this environment and that this has been achieved through substantial increases in grain number m-2 associated with an improvement in harvest index.
Ecosystem Modelling in the Gulf of Finland. I. General Features and the Hydrodynamic Prognostic Model FINEST

A coupled hydrodynamic-ecological model FINEST (FINnish-ESTonian) has been developed for the Gulf of Finland. In the first part of the article, the hydrodynamic model is presented, which is a two-layer, two-dimensional baroclinic prognostic model, where both horizontal and vertical changes of buoyancy (temperature and salinity) have been taken into account. The vertical structure of buoyancy is based on a self-similarity structure of the sea. The model results showed that the buoyancy-driven circulation is of great importance in the area studied. Buoyancy-driven circulation is mainly caused by salinity. Horizontal salinity fields calculated by the model for different months were compared with measurements. The consistence of model results with measurements was good. The results showed that there are quasi-stationary fronts of salinity and velocity in the Gulf. The maintenance of these fronts is based on the effects of river water discharge and salty water input from the Baltic Proper. These processes are modified by the baroclinic circulation and bottom topography.
Robustness on resource allocation problems

En problemes d'assignacio de recursos, normalment s'han de tenir en compte les incerteses que poden provocar canvis en les dades inicials. Aquests canvis dificulten l'aplicabilitat de les planificacions que s'hagin fet inicialment.Aquesta tesi se centra en l'elaboracio de tecniques que consideren la incertesa alhora de cercar solucions robustes, es a dir solucions que puguin continuar essent valides encara que hi hagi canvis en l'entorn. Particularment, introduim el concepte de robustesa basat en reparabilitat, on una solucio robusta es una que pot ser reparada facilment en cas que hi hagi incidencies. La nostra aproximacio es basa en logica proposicional, codificant el problema en una formula de satisfactibilitat Booleana, i aplicant tecniques de reformulacio per a la generacio de solucions robustes. Tambe presentem un mecanisme per a incorporar flexibilitat a les solucions robustes, de manera que es pugui establir facilment el grau desitjat entre robustesa i optimalitat de les solucions.
Comment on ‘L. Ciarapica and E. Todini, TOPKAPI: a model for the representation of the rainfall – runoff process at different scales. Hydrological Processes 16 (2002) 207 – 229’

Ciarapica and Todini (2002) introduced a new physically based, but parsimonious in parameterization, rainfall–runoff model that can take both distributed and lumped versions. The main advantage claimed for this model is that it may be applied to a large range of spatial scales without losing the physical meaning of the model and parameters. The parameters may be derived from soil and land-use maps, although some calibration with discharge data is necessary if soil information is scarce. Within the paper, the authors presented the application of the TOPKAPI model to three different catchments of increasing size to demonstrate the applicability of the model to a large range of spatial scales. The smallest catchment used for model evaluation is the Can Vila catchment (0 Ð 56 km 2 ), one of the several research catchments in the Vallcebre area (Spanish Pyrenees) that have been managed by the Institute of Earth Sciences ‘Jaume Almera’ since 1989. This application of the TOPKAPI model to the Can Vila catchment was performed within the EU funded VAHMPIRE project (Gallart et al ., 1998, 1999, 2000), which aimed to evaluate the performance of several hydrological models through a split-sample calibration–evaluation exercise. The modelling teams were provided with catchment characteristic data as well as precipitation, reference evapotranspiration and discharge data for a calibration period, and input data for a further evaluation period. Model simulation results obtained for both calibration and evaluation periods were analysed initially by the ﬁeld working team.