Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conditions leading to the unprecedented low Antarctic sea ice extent during the 2016 austral spring season

The 2016 austral spring was characterized by the lowest Southern Hemisphere (SH) sea ice extent seen in the satellite record (1979 to present) and coincided with anomalously warm surface waters surrounding most of Antarctica. We show that two distinct processes contributed to this event: First, the extreme El Niño event peaking in December–February 2015/2016 contributed to pronounced extratropical SH sea surface temperature and sea ice extent anomalies in the eastern Ross, Amundsen, and Bellingshausen Seas that persisted in part until the following 2016 austral spring. Second, internal unforced atmospheric variability of the Southern Annular Mode promoted the exceptional low sea ice extent in November–December 2016. These results suggest that a combination of tropically forced and internal SH atmospheric variability contributed to the unprecedented sea ice decline during the 2016 austral spring, on top of a background of slow changes expected from greenhouse gas and ozone forcing.
Soil Temperature Dynamics Modulate N2O Flux Response to Multiple Nitrogen Additions in an Alpine Steppe

Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) contribute to global warming and stratospheric ozone depletion. Anthropogenic N2O emissions predominately result from the addition of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers to terrestrial ecosystems. Usually, an exponential increase in N2O emissions occurs as N addition rates increase to exceed plant demands. However, most evidence to date is from temperate areas, with little information available for alpine ecosystems. Here we examined the changes in N2O flux under eight N addition levels and the mechanisms regulating these changes in a Tibetan alpine steppe. Our results showed that N2O emission rate increased linearly with increasing N additions. Even when soil N availability exceeded plant N uptake, no sharp N2O emissions were observed. The likely explanation was that decreased soil temperature limited the growth of nitrification‐related microorganisms, mainly ammonia‐oxidizing archaea, which further attenuated the positive response of N2O emissions to excess N supply. These findings suggest that the N‐induced changes in soil temperature regulate the growth of nitrifying microorganisms and the subsequent N2O fluxes in this alpine steppe, and the exponential N2O emission‐N rate relationship observed in warm regions may not be simply extrapolated to alpine ecosystems.
Effect of Weekly Time Spent Learning and Practicing Musical Instruments on the Intensity of Jitteriness among High School Teenagers in Mainland China

Psychological disorders have become increasingly prevalent [Liang, 2021]. Among 875 cases, 33.03% of high school students in Mainland China possess some psychological problems [Liang, 2021]. Research has shown that successful musical engagement positively affects physical, social, educational, cognitive, and emotional health [Wang (2022). ]. Unfortunately, Chinese teenagers aren't thoroughly studied the connection between musical training and mental health [Pang et al. (2017)]. Also, no statistically significant association between music playing and psychological well-being is seen in previous research [Wesseldijk et al. (2019)]. So, this study investigates how time spent practicing musical instruments influences the intensity of jitteriness among high school teenagers (15~18 years old) to provide insights about mental health-directed musical education in mainland China. A web-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted with a convenience and snowball sample of 200 teenagers from mainland China across 11 provinces. Models were conducted hierarchically using linear regression. In the univariate model, time spent practicing musical instruments weekly was associated negatively with the intensity of jitteriness (β=-0.151, p-value=0.033). In the multivariant model, participants' time spent practicing musical instruments per week was significantly and negatively associated with the intensity of jitteriness (β=-0.312, p-value=0.001), adjusted for confounding variables: total time spent on playing musical instruments, positive emotion intensity, negative emotion intensity (other than jittery), and age. The model was built using simple linear regression with r2=0.267. This study shows a significant negative association between weekly time spent practicing musical instruments and the intensity of negative emotions.
Influence of capillary properties and evaporation on salt weathering of sedimentary rocks

The importance of capillary imbibition and evaporation processes in the decay of stone through salt crystallization is estimated by different experiments adapted from the European standard EN 12370. The various tests consist in slightly modifying the salt (sodium sulphate) supply in the porous network of stones as well as the amount of evaporation and in checking the weathering evolution of the stone. The results show that ionic diffusion and dissolution of pre-existent salts are not efficient enough to imply supersaturation, hence to visually alter the stone. An exterior supply of salt is required. The influence of evaporation is clearly shown when evaporation process could not occur through a side of the sample. In this case, isolated sides are never subjected to weathering, even to simple salt efflorescences
Rapid detection of multidrug resistance in tuberculosis using nanopore-based targeted next-generation sequencing: a multicenter, double-blind study

Background Resistance to anti-tuberculous drugs is a major challenge in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). We aimed to evaluate the clinical availability of nanopore-based targeted next-generation sequencing (NanoTNGS) for the diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). Methods This study enrolled 253 patients with suspected DR-TB from six hospitals. The diagnostic efficacy of NanoTNGS for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its susceptibility or resistance to first- and second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs was assessed by comparing conventional phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) and Xpert MTB/RIF assays. NanoTNGS can be performed within 12 hours from DNA extraction to the result delivery. Results NanoTNGS showed a remarkable concordance rate of 99.44% (179/180) with the culture assay for identifying the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The sensitivity of NanoTNGS for detecting drug resistance was 93.53% for rifampicin, 89.72% for isoniazid, 85.45% for ethambutol, 74.00% for streptomycin, and 88.89% for fluoroquinolones. Specificities ranged from 83.33% to 100% for all drugs tested. Sensitivity for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis using NanoTNGS increased by 9.73% compared to Xpert MTB/RIF. The most common mutations were S531L (codon in E. coli) in the rpoB gene, S315T in the katG gene, and M306V in the embB gene, conferring resistance to rifampicin, isoniazid, and ethambutol, respectively. In addition, mutations in the pncA gene, potentially contributing to pyrazinamide resistance, were detected in 32 patients. Other prevalent variants, including D94G in the gyrA gene and K43R in the rpsL gene, conferred resistance to fluoroquinolones and streptomycin, respectively. Furthermore, the rv0678 R94Q mutation was detected in one sample, indicating potential resistance to bedaquiline. Conclusion NanoTNGS rapidly and accurately identifies resistance or susceptibility to anti-TB drugs, outperforming traditional methods. Clinical implementation of the technique can recognize DR-TB in time and provide guidance for choosing appropriate antituberculosis agents.
Exploring Abnormal Brain Functional Connectivity in Healthy Adults, Depressive Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder through EEG Signals: A Machine Learning Approach for Triple Classification

Depressive disorder (DD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), two prominent mental health conditions, are commonly diagnosed using subjective methods such as scales and interviews. Previous research indicated that machine learning (ML) can enhance our understanding of their underlying mechanisms. This study seeks to investigate the mechanisms of DD, GAD, and healthy controls (HC) while constructing a diagnostic framework for triple classifications. Specifically, the experiment involved collecting electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from 42 DD patients, 45 GAD patients, and 38 HC adults. The Phase Lag Index (PLI) was employed to quantify brain functional connectivity and analyze differences in functional connectivity among three groups. This study also explored the impact of time window feature computations on classification performance, including the XGBoost, CatBoost, LightGBM, and ensemble models. In order to enhance classification performance, a feature optimization algorithm based on Autogluon-Tabular was proposed. The results indicate that a 12 s time window provides optimal classification performance for the three groups, achieving the highest accuracy of 97.33% with the ensemble model. The analysis further reveals a significant reorganization of the brain, with the most pronounced changes observed in the frontal lobe and beta rhythm. These findings support the hypothesis of abnormal brain functional connectivity in DD and GAD, contributing valuable insights into the neural mechanisms underlying DD and GAD.
Low Bone Mass in Ambulatory Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Proactive Approach for an Often-Overlooked Impairment

Background: Individuals with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) are at risk for low bone mass (LBM). The objectives of this study were to compare bone mineral density (BMD) in ambulatory SMA and control participants, identify LBM, and evaluate the associations of function and physical activity (PA) with LBM. Methods: Thirty-five children and adults, nineteen SMA and sixteen healthy controls, participated. Dual-energy absorptiometry determined BMD, T-scores, and Z-scores. The six-minute walk test (6MWT) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) assessed function. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) evaluated PA. Results: Group comparisons and factors associated with BMD were analyzed. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) assessed the ability to identify individuals with LBM. SMA participants had lower BMD (p < 0.001) and increased odds of having LBM relative to controls (OR = 16.7; 95%CI: 1.8–152.8; p = 0.004). Conclusions: Ten SMA and one control had LBM. Z-score was associated with 6MWT (rs = 0.65; p < 0.001) and TUG (rs = −0.61; p < 0.001). IPAQ-SF and Z-score were weakly associated (rs = 0.36, p < 0.03). 6MWT (AUC: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.65–0.94; p = 0.006) and TUG (AUC: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.71–0.98; p = 0.002) identified individuals with LBM. Function, assessed by the 6MWT and TUG, is associated with BMD and shows promise for use in identifying individuals with LBM.
Integration of Video-Based Learning Media in Animal Reproduction Lessons to Elevate Academic Achievement in Fourth Graders at Tunas Bakti Elementary School

Problems in the learning process experienced in some elementary schools are less effective and efficient learning processes carried out by teachers so that student learning outcomes tend to be low. This study aims to Improve Student Learning Outcomes Using Learning Video Media in Grade 4 Student Animal Reproduction Materials SD Tunas Bakti Surabaya. This study uses classroom action research carried out in 2 cycles, each cycle consisting of 4 stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The results showed that science learning using video learning media can improve student learning outcomes compared to before classroom action research was conducted.
Final amendment 31 to the fishery management plan for reef fish resources in the Gulf of Mexico

National standard 9 of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MSFCMA) requires that the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) minimize bycatch and bycatch mortality to the extent practicable. Additionally, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) requires that the federal government protect and conserve species and populations that are endangered or threatened with extinction, and conserve the ecosystems on which these species depend. A recent observer study by the Southeast Fisheries Science Center estimated hardshell sea turtle takes by the commercial bottom longline component of the Gulf of Mexico reef fish fishery have exceeded the three-year anticipated take levels in the 2005 Biological Opinion. Therefore, the Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council (Council) and NMFS developed management measures to reduce hardshell sea turtle takes by the bottom longline component of the reef fish fishery. Actions in this amendment that address ways to reduce hardshell sea turtle interactions with bottom longline gear include: 1) modifying bait; 2) area, depth, and season restrictions; 3) reducing effort through a longline endorsement program; and 4) modifying fishing gear to reduce effort.
Recent Advances in Endometrial Cancer Prevention, Early Diagnosis and Treatment

Simple Summary Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common female malignancy in high socioeconomic index nations and the sixth most common cancer in women worldwide. The disease incidence has increased globally by 132% in the last 30 years, and this trend is set to continue in light of an ageing population and increasing levels of obesity and diabetes. Although more women than ever before are dying of endometrial cancer, the mortality rates are falling due to recent advances in early diagnosis and treatment. Our understanding of the molecular drivers of endometrial cancer has increased substantially, and doctors are now, for the first time, starting to translate this knowledge into the true personalisation of care. This review summarises the recent advances in the field and identifies avenues for future exploration. Abstract Endometrial cancer is the sixth commonest cancer in women worldwide, with over 417,000 diagnoses in 2020. The disease incidence has increased by 132% over the last 30 years and is set to continue to rise in response to an ageing population and increasing global rates of obesity and diabetes. A greater understanding of the mechanisms driving endometrial carcinogenesis has led to the identification of potential strategies for primary disease prevention, although prospective evaluation of their efficacy within clinical trials is still awaited. The early diagnosis of endometrial cancer is associated with improved survival, but has historically relied on invasive endometrial sampling. New, minimally invasive tests using protein and DNA biomarkers and cytology have the potential to transform diagnostic pathways and to allow for the surveillance of high-risk populations. The molecular classification of endometrial cancers has been shown to not only have a prognostic impact, but also to have therapeutic value and is increasingly used to guide adjuvant treatment decisions. Advanced and recurrent disease management has also been revolutionised by increasing the use of debulking surgery and targeted treatments, particularly immunotherapy. This review summarises the recent advances in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of endometrial cancer and seeks to identify areas for future research.
Effect of stepwise voltage escalation on treatment outcomes following extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy of renal calculi: a prospective randomized study.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the effects of a ramping protocol in patients receiving extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) for renal stones. METHODOLOGY In this prospective study, patients with renal stones were randomized to receive SWL delivered using a ramping (First 1000 shocks at energy level-5, followed by 1000shocks at energy level-6 and 1000 final shocks at energy level-7; Group-1) or fixed-voltage (All 3000 shocks at energy level-7; Group-2) protocols by Modulith SLX-F2. The primary outcome was treatment success at 12weeks after a single SWL session, defined as the lack of a stone or a stone fragment <4 mm on computed tomography. Other outcomes included stone-free rate and the incidence of perinephric hematoma. RESULTS 300 patients (150 per group) were recruited between February 2016 and June 2018. The two groups did not differ in terms of baseline parameters. Group-1 received significantly lower energy delivered than Group-2 (14.8% less, p<0.001). The treatment success rates for Group-1 and Group-2 were 67.8% and 73.6%, respectively, and were not statistically different (crude odds ratio for Group-1: 0.753; 95% confidence interval 0.456 to 1.244; p=0.268). The stone-free rates for Group-1 and Group-2 were 36.6% and 41.9%, respectively, and did not differ between the groups. However, in Group-1 and Group-2, 23.8% and 43.8% of patients developed perinephric hematoma, respectively, and was statistically significant difference (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The fixed-voltage SWL and ramping protocols provided similar treatment success rates for renal stones. However, ramping protocol could reduce the incidence of post-SWL perinephric hematoma.
Retrospective Analysis of the Ventilatory Workload Kinetic Index during Stability and Crisis in Patients with Asthma and COPD in a Monitored Program

To assess ventilatory evolution through the Ventilatory Workload Kinetic Index (VWKI) in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) during stability and exacerbation. Retrospective analysis. Conducted at the Padre Alberto Hurtado Hospital, Santiago, Chile. Ten patients with asthma and fifty-five with COPD participated. Sixty-five clinical records were reviewed. The VWKI in stability and exacerbation of these patients was extracted. When analyzing the baseline with the peak in both asthma and COPD, there was a significant increase in the VWKI. Similarly, the loads, translations, and supports significantly increased from the baseline to the peak. However, in the loads, there were no changes in airway resistance for asthma or in cough for COPD. Likewise, the supports for asthma and COPD showed no changes in the O2. The VWKI determined ventilatory issues in outpatients and made locating the greatest compromise in loads, translations, or supports possible.
Spatio-seasonal dynamics of bacteria and metal composition of a platinum mine tailings dam, Rustenburg, South Africa

Seasonal variations and proximity to polluted sites, among other factors, play a vital role in soil composition. The impact of spatio-seasonal changes on bacterial and heavy metal content on and around the platinum mine tailings dam, Rustenburg, South Africa, was assessed. Tailings and topsoils collected during summer and winter were examined for bacterial abundance, physicochemical parameters and metal contents using standard methods. Data were analysed using ANOVA, correlation and cluster analyses. Bacteria counts were 2.5 × 105 to 1.0 × 106 and 3.5 × 105 to 7.8 × 105 CFU g−1 in summer and winter, respectively. Molecular identification revealed the presence of the bacterial species Paenibacillus lautus and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Significant (p < 0.05) differences were obtained between chromium (Cr), copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) concentrations in both seasons but not with bacterial counts. Although higher bacterial abundance was observed on sites 1 and 2 in both seasons. Relative abundance of Ni > Cu > Cr was observed with significantly (p < 0.05) higher concentrations in winter. Pearson's correlation (p < 0.05) and cluster (r = 0.60, p < 0.05) analyses confirmed strong positive correlations between bacteria and Cr, Cu and Ni concentrations. The high bacterial presence on sites in proximity to the dam may indicate metal tolerance of these species.
Safety Planning on Crisis Lines: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Perceived Helpfulness of a Brief Intervention to Mitigate Future Suicide Risk.

BACKGROUND The role of crisis hotlines traditionally was limited to de-escalation and service linkage. However, hotlines are increasingly recruited to provide outreach and follow-up to suicidal individuals. Hotlines have the opportunity to not just defuse current crises but also provide brief interventions to mitigate future risk. The Safety Planning Intervention (SPI) is a brief intervention designed to help manage suicidal crises, but its feasibility and effectiveness on hotlines are not established. AIMS This study examined feasibility and perceived effectiveness of SPI, as reported by 271 crisis counselors at five centers in the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline network. METHOD Counselors were trained to use SPI. Self-report surveys were completed immediately after training (time 1) and at the end of the study, approximately 9 months later (time 2). RESULTS Counselors reported that SPI was feasible and helpful, and was used on both incoming and follow-up calls. Utilization and perceived effectiveness at time 2 were predicted by self-efficacy, feasibility, and helpfulness at time 1. LIMITATIONS Results are preliminary and limited to counselors' perceptions. Future RCTs should establish efficacy of SPI for crisis callers. CONCLUSION The Safety Planning Intervention is a promising approach to reduce crisis callers' future suicide risk that hotline counselors report is both feasible and helpful.
A Review on Various Shadow Detection and Compensation Techniques in Remote Sensing Images

ABSTRACT Remote sensing images provide a valuable source of information about the earth's surface. The presence of shadow can reduce the amount of information that can be extracted from these images. Shadow in remote sensing images is produced due to blockage of a direct light by an object. In spite of the reflectance gathered in the shadow area being weak, there is still valuable information that makes shadow restoration possible. Shadow restoration process consists of 2 main steps: detection and compensation. Various algorithms and methods have been developed to perform these 2 steps. These algorithms differ according to the objects causing shadow and types of sensor. Consequently, it is important to review the different approaches that have been employed in shadow correction research to delineate their suitability for a specific application. This article is aimed at reviewing various shadow detection and compensation techniques with their methods of evaluation, taking into consideration objects causing shadow and type of sensor used. Also, it gives discussion and recommendations to enhance the performance of existing methods.