Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mississippian rocks of western Kansas

Mississippian rock reservoirs in western Kansas have produced large quantities of oil and gas. The potential for additional production of hydrocarbons is great both at the top of and within the sequence of rocks. In western Kansas, Mississippian rocks, all marine (except for some Chesteran rocks) and all in the subsurface, are correlated with rocks of the Kinderhookian, Osagian, Meramecian, and Chesteran States. Unconformities set off dominantly carbonate Mississippian rocks from Pennsylvanian rocks above and Cambrian to Devonian rocks below. Diagenetic alterations, facies changes, and karst complicated the establishment of lateral stratigraphic equivalents. Dolomitization, silicification of fossils, and chertification are widespread. Conodont faunas recovered as acetic acid insoluble residues from cores are correlated with conodont biostratigraphic zones of the type area of Mississippian rocks. Reworked Devonian and Kinderhookian conodonts preserved in Kinderhookian rocks are evidence that part of the study area once contained Devonian rocks. The primary sediment source of Osagian and Meramecian rocks was biogenetic. Sediments were deposited in warm, shallow seas which fluctuated in depth. Thin intraformational conglomerate beds, quasibrecciated limestone beds, and local beds of anhydrite are known in upper Meramecian rocks. An increased content of clastic (quartz) rocks in upper Meramecian strata marks an important change in sediment source. Areas of provenance of siliceous sediments were the Central Kansas uplift and the Las Animas arch. In Chesteran rocks, sandstone, siltstone, and thin limestone beds predominate. A normal sequence of Osagian and Meramecian rocks was deposited in south-central Kansas but was diagenetically altered. The cherty "Cowley" facies, developed only locally, includes rocks of Osagian and Meramecian ages. The term "Cowley Formation" should be dropped.
Metabolic changes with intermittent fasting

Abstract Background The prevalence of obesity is rising globally and effective strategies to treat obesity are needed. Intermittent fasting, a dietary intervention for weight management, has received growing interest from the general public, as well as healthcare professionals, as a form of lifestyle intervention. Methods We executed a rapid review using PUBMED database to identify systematic reviews that examined the impact of intermittent fasting on metabolic indices, published between 2011 and 2022. Results Intermittent fasting leads to weight loss of a similar magnitude to continuous energy restriction. Most of the evidence shows that intermittent fasting leads to greater fat loss as measured by fat mass (kg) or body fat percentage compared to an ad libitum diet, but fat loss attained during intermittent fasting is not significantly different to continuous energy restriction, although recent evidence shows intermittent fasting to be superior. There is mixed evidence for the impact of intermittent fasting on insulin resistance, fasting glucose and lipid profile. Some studies focused on populations of Muslim people, which showed that Ramadan fasting may lead to weight loss and improvement of metabolic parameters during fasting, although the effects are reversed when fasting is finished. Conclusions Intermittent fasting is more effective than an ad libitum dietary intake, and equally or more effective as continuous energy restriction, for weight management. However, there is inconclusive evidence on whether intermittent fasting has a clinically beneficial effect on glucose and lipid metabolism.
Midterm follow‐up after computed tomography angiography planned left atrial appendage closure

While studies have shown the advantages of computed tomography angiography (CTA) over transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) preprocedural planning for WATCHMAN™ legacy and FLX devices, there has been no reported long‐term data for this approach.
Intersection clock reveals a rejuvenation event during human embryogenesis

Recent research revealed a rejuvenation event during early development of mice. Here, by examining epigenetic age dynamics of human embryogenesis, we tested whether a similar event exists in humans. For this purpose, we developed an epigenetic clock method, the intersection clock, that utilizes bisulfite sequencing in a way that maximizes the use of informative CpG sites with no missing clock CpG sites in test samples and applied it to human embryo development data. We observed no changes in the predicted epigenetic age between cleavage stage and blastocyst stage embryos; however, a significant decrease was observed between blastocysts and cells representing the epiblast. Additionally, by applying the intersection clock to datasets spanning pre and postimplantation, we found no significant change in the epigenetic age during preimplantation stages; however, the epigenetic age of postimplantation samples was lower compared to the preimplantation stages. We further investigated the epigenetic age of primed (representing early postimplantation) and naïve (representing preimplantation) pluripotent stem cells and observed that in all cases the epigenetic age of primed cells was significantly lower than that of naïve cells. Together, our data suggest that human embryos are rejuvenated during early embryogenesis. Hence, the rejuvenation event is conserved between the mouse and human, and it occurs around the gastrulation stage in both species. Beyond this advance, the intersection clock opens the way for other epigenetic age studies based on human bisulfite sequencing datasets as opposed to methylation arrays.
FUTURE-AI: Guiding Principles and Consensus Recommendations for Trustworthy Artiﬁcial Intelligence in Future Medical Imaging

The recent advancements in artiﬁcial intelligence (AI) combined with the extensive amount of data generated by today’s clinical systems, has led to the development of imaging AI solutions across the whole value chain of medical imaging, including image reconstruction, medical image segmentation, image-based diagnosis and treatment planning. Notwithstanding the successes and future potential of AI in medical imaging, many stakeholders are concerned of the potential risks and ethical implications of imaging AI solutions, which are perceived as complex, opaque, and di ﬃ cult to comprehend, utilise
Hydroxymethylbutenyl diphosphate accumulation reveals MEP pathway regulation for high CO2-induced suppression of isoprene emission

Significance Isoprene has significant impacts on air quality and plant health. Because isoprene emission varies with changes in environmental conditions like light, temperature, and CO2, a mechanistic understanding of the regulation in the face of climate change is essential to predict future isoprene emissions and its effect on the climate. In this study, we characterized CO2 responsiveness of isoprene at varying light and temperature. We also showed that an increase in upstream precursors but reduction in the immediate precursor of isoprene causes isoprene to decline, indicating an inhibition of a specific enzyme activity at high CO2. We further demonstrated that high CO2-mediated suppression of isoprene is independent of the stomatal signaling pathway.
Particle-based simulations reveal two positive feedback loops allow relocation and stabilization of the polarity site during yeast mating

Many cells adjust the direction of polarized growth or migration in response to external directional cues. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae orient their cell fronts (also called polarity sites) up pheromone gradients in the course of mating. However, the initial polarity site is often not oriented towards the eventual mating partner, and cells relocate the polarity site in an indecisive manner before developing a stable orientation. During this reorientation phase, the polarity site displays erratic assembly-disassembly behavior and moves around the cell cortex. The mechanisms underlying this dynamic behavior remain poorly understood. Particle-based simulations of the core polarity circuit revealed that molecular-level fluctuations are insufficient to overcome the strong positive feedback required for polarization and generate relocating polarity sites. Surprisingly, inclusion of a second pathway that promotes polarity site orientation generated a mobile polarity site with properties similar to those observed experimentally. This pathway forms a second positive feedback loop involving the recruitment of receptors to the cell membrane and couples polarity establishment to gradient sensing. This second positive feedback loop also allows cells to stabilize their polarity site once the site is aligned with the pheromone gradient. Author summary Cells perform many complex tasks, including directed growth, migration, division and differentiation. To accomplish these tasks, the relevant molecular machinery is localized to specific cellular regions. The asymmetric distribution of cellular components is referred to as cell polarity. Polarity is established by localized activation of the protein Cdc42. Establishing mechanisms that regulate the spatiotemporal activity of Cdc42 is a fundamental area of cell biology. Mating yeast cells dynamically relocate a region of high Cdc42 activity, referred to as the polarity site, and grow toward each other after proper alignment of the sites. We investigated mechanisms that generate dynamic polarity sites by performing particle-based simulations of the biochemical reactions that regulate Cdc42 activity. The reactions contain two positive feedback loops that reinforce Cdc42 activity. The first involves autocatalytic activation of Cdc42 through recruitment of an activator. While necessary for polarity establishment, this feedback loop on its own created a stable polarity site that did not relocate. Incorporation of the second feedback loop, which couples the polarity machinery to extracellular mating signals, generated mobile polarity sites. This feedback loop also provides a mechanism for developing stable alignment of polarity sites. Our findings provide insight into how cells regulate polarity dynamics to accomplish complex tasks.
The study and characterization of Emperor Traiano's Villa (Altopiani di Arcinazzo, Roma) using high‐resolution integrated geophysical surveys

In this work, the results of high‐resolution integrated geophysical surveys of the archaeological site of Traiano's Villa (Altopiani di Arcinazzo, Roma, Italy) are presented. The Villa of Roman Emperor Marco Ulpio Traino (AD 98–117) was built in Arcinazzo (Italy), approximately 55 km northeast of Rome. Today, the only remains left standing at the site are the public building entrances comprising a small portion of the entire site. Over 5 ha, adjacent to the entrance remains, had not been surveyed. As part of an ongoing study to rescue this national archaeological treasure, high‐resolution ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) surveys, using a submetre profile spacing, integrated with a gradiometric survey, were conducted. Amplitude GPR time‐slice analysis indicates that many structural foundations and walls of the villa are still well preserved below the surface. Time‐slices below 1.5 m in one area indicate two large mushroom shaped structures enclosed within a large building over 100 m in length. These structures are believed to be dipping pools within a larger structure believed to be the bathhouse to the villa. At the location west of the bathhouse a large oval shaped anomaly 45 m along its major axis was located. This subsurface structure is believed to be an oval garden pond or a swimming pool. Several other remnants of rectangular buildings coincident with the oval structure but much deeper were also imaged. Other structures include a long rectangular corridor that contains many square shaped rooms, which has been interpreted as a criptoporticus.
Iterative Option Discovery for Planning, by Planning

Discovering useful temporal abstractions, in the form of options, is widely thought to be key to applying reinforcement learning and planning to increasingly complex domains. Building on the empirical success of the Expert Iteration approach to policy learning used in AlphaZero, we propose Option Iteration, an analogous approach to option discovery. Rather than learning a single strong policy that is trained to match the search results everywhere, Option Iteration learns a set of option policies trained such that for each state encountered, at least one policy in the set matches the search results for some horizon into the future. Intuitively, this may be significantly easier as it allows the algorithm to hedge its bets compared to learning a single globally strong policy, which may have complex dependencies on the details of the current state. Having learned such a set of locally strong policies, we can use them to guide the search algorithm resulting in a virtuous cycle where better options lead to better search results which allows for training of better options. We demonstrate experimentally that planning using options learned with Option Iteration leads to a significant benefit in challenging planning environments compared to an analogous planning algorithm operating in the space of primitive actions and learning a single rollout policy with Expert Iteration.
Danebury: Anatomy of an Iron Age hillfort

Hillforts - progress towards an understanding the Danebury project takes shape man and landscape in Wessex the fort builders - the sequence established defence and warfare the settlement - its people and their houses daily bread - the farming regime crafts, exchange and luxury the social order the end of Danebury aftermath - fairs and rabbits.
Application of support vector machine for classification of multispectral data

In this paper, support vector machine (SVM) is used to classify satellite remotely sensed multispectral data. The data are recorded from a Landsat-5 TM satellite with resolution of 30x30m. SVM finds the optimal separating hyperplane between classes by focusing on the training cases. The study area of Klang Valley has more than 10 land covers and classification using SVM has been done successfully without any pixel being unclassified. The training area is determined carefully by visual interpretation and with the aid of the reference map of the study area. The result obtained is then analysed for the accuracy and visual performance. Accuracy assessment is done by determination and discussion of Kappa coefficient value, overall and producer accuracy for each class (in pixels and percentage). While, visual analysis is done by comparing the classification data with the reference map. Overall the study shows that SVM is able to classify the land covers within the study area with a high accuracy.
Prognosis of children and young adults with newly diagnosed rhabdomyosarcoma metastatic to bone marrow treated on Children's Oncology Group studies

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. Metastatic disease occurs in 16% of all RMS cases and has a poor prognosis. There are limited studies examining the outcomes specific to patients with RMS metastatic to bone marrow despite an incidence of 6% at diagnosis. Our study aims to document the outcomes, prognostic factors, and clinical courses of children presenting with RMS metastatic to bone marrow treated on Children's Oncology Group (COG) cooperative trials.
Land of Grass: the Loss of Australia's Grasslands

To a large extent, the Australia of 1788 was characterised not by forests but by open woodlands and grasslands. Yet many of these areas now contain dense forest. Possible explanations for this dramatic vegetational shift include the cessation of Aboriginal burning regimes and the displacement by domestic stock of mammals that ate tree seedlings. While Australia's grasslands were being overrun, elsewhere destructive and wasteful felling of timber continued apace. The problems resulting from such clearance began to be widely articulated in the last two decades of the nineteenth century, but general attitudes to ringbarking and felling have changed only slowly. The result of all this is that Australia's vegetation is now thoroughly disorganised. The grassy woodlands have gone and with them birds, animals and numerous varieties of grass. Any attempt to provide an environment suitable for the majority of native plants and animals in temperate Australia must depend on the restoration of a pre-European-type mosaic of interconnected grassy woodlands.
Improved seismic velocity reference model from local earthquake data in Northwestern Italy

Resolution and reliability estimates of results obtained by seismic tomography strongly depend on the reference model. Inadequate initial reference models may severely distort tomographic images or introduce artefacts that lead to misinterpretations of the results. Reference models are usually obtained by means of a priori near-surface geological information or by geophysical information derived by controlled-source seismology. Starting from the idea that a reference model must approximate the weighted average of data selected for the three-dimensional (3D) inversion, one-dimensional (1D) model for Northwestern Italy is derived that is able to minimize mean of RMS of a set of well-locatable earthquakes, by computing a solution of the coupled hypocentre 1D velocity problem. Such a model, termed the Minimum 1D model, can be used both as an initial reference model for 3D inversion and as a reference velocity model for high-quality routine earthquake location.
The dose–response relationship of quercetin on the motor unit firing patterns and contractile properties of muscle in men and women

ABSTRACT Quercetin is one type of ergogenic aid and its effects on the neuromuscular system have recently attracted interest, but its dose-effect is not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different doses of quercetin ingestion on motor unit firing patterns and muscle contractile properties in humans. Thirteen young males and females conducted neuromuscular performance tests before (PRE) and 60 min after (POST) ingestions of 500 or 200 mg of quercetin glycosides (Qg500/Qg200, respectively) or placebo (PLA) on three different days. At PRE and POST, motor unit firing rates were calculated from high-density surface electromyography of the vastus lateralis muscle during 120-s isometric contraction of knee extension at 10% of maximal voluntary contraction. Electrically elicited forces in knee extensor muscles were also measured. After 60 s of voluntary contraction, motor unit firing rates, normalized by the exerted muscle force at POST, were significantly lower at POST than PRE with Qg500 and Qg200 (p < 0.05), but not with PLA (p > 0.05). Changes in motor unit firing rates normalized by the exerted force from PRE to POST were significantly greater with Qg500 than Qg200 at the end of contraction (p < 0.05). Under all three conditions, the electrically elicited force did not significantly change from PRE to POST (p > 0.05). These results suggest that both 500 and 200-mg quercetin ingestions alter motor unit firing patterns, and that quercetin’s effect is at least partially dose-dependent.
Early Cretaceous (Comanchean) vertebrates of central Texas

ABSTRACT Vertebrates from the Comanche Series (Lower Cretaceous) in central Texas occur in the superposed Twin Mountains, Glen Rose, and Paluxy formations. Stratigraphie position and relationship to marine units are more clearly defined for the central Texas localities than for the classic mammal-producing sites in the Antlers Formation of north-central Texas. The diverse terrestrial to marine faunas include new records for the ray Rhinobatos, a ptychodont (cf. Hylaeobatis ornata), and the salmoniform Enchodus. Anurans, salamanders, lacertilians, and mammals representing early forms relevant to the emergence of extant higher taxa are present but fragmentary. Crocodilians are represented by at least three taxa and theropods by more than three. Eight species of mammals have been named from the Comanche Series, with perhaps as many as four other unnamed species represented. Paleoenvironments appear to control the distribution of taxa: dinosaurs are found in coastal settings and are abundant in some terrestri.
Robust Deformable Image Registration Using Cycle-Consistent Implicit Representations

Recent works in medical image registration have proposed the use of Implicit Neural Representations, demonstrating performance that rivals state-of-the-art learning-based methods. However, these implicit representations need to be optimized for each new image pair, which is a stochastic process that may fail to converge to a global minimum. To improve robustness, we propose a deformable registration method using pairs of cycle-consistent Implicit Neural Representations: each implicit representation is linked to a second implicit representation that estimates the opposite transformation, causing each network to act as a regularizer for its paired opposite. During inference, we generate multiple deformation estimates by numerically inverting the paired backward transformation and evaluating the consensus of the optimized pair. This consensus improves registration accuracy over using a single representation and results in a robust uncertainty metric that can be used for automatic quality control. We evaluate our method with a 4D lung CT dataset. The proposed cycle-consistent optimization method reduces the optimization failure rate from 2.4% to 0.0% compared to the current state-of-the-art. The proposed inference method improves landmark accuracy by 4.5% and the proposed uncertainty metric detects all instances where the registration method fails to converge to a correct solution. We verify the generalizability of these results to other data using a centerline propagation task in abdominal 4D MRI, where our method achieves a 46% improvement in propagation consistency compared with single-INR registration and demonstrates a strong correlation between the proposed uncertainty metric and registration accuracy.
Three-dimensional analysis of future groundwater flow conditions and contaminant plume transport in the Hanford Site unconfined aquifer system: FY 1996 and 1997 status report

A three-dimensional numerical model of groundwater flow and transport, based on the Coupled Fluid Energy, and Solute Transport (CFEST) code, was developed for the Hanford Site to support the Hanford Groundwater Project (HGWP), managed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The model was developed to increase the understanding and better forecast the migration of several contaminant plumes being monitored by the HGWP, and to support the Hanford Site Composite Analysis for low-level waste disposal in the 200-Area Plateau. Recent modeling efforts have focused on continued refinement of an initial version of the three-dimensional model developed in 1995 and its application to simulate future transport of selected contaminant plumes in the aquifer system. This version of the model was updated using a more current version of the CFEST code called CFEST96. Prior to conducting simulations of contaminant transport with the three-dimensional model, a previous steady-state, two-dimensional model of the unconfined aquifer system was recalibrated to 1979 water-table conditions with a statistical inverse method implemented in the CFEST-INV computer code. The results of the recalibration were used to refine the three-dimensional conceptual model and to calibrate it with a conceptualization that preserves the two-dimensional hydraulic properties and knowledge of the aquifer`s three-dimensional properties for the same 1979 water-table conditions. The transient behavior of the three-dimensional flow model was also calibrated by adjusting model storage properties (specific yield) until transient water-table predictions approximated observed water-table elevations between 1979 and 1996.