Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lexical analyses of the function and phonology of Papuan Malay word stress

Abstract The existence of word stress in Indonesian languages has been controversial. Recent acoustic analyses of Papuan Malay suggest that this language has word stress, counter to other studies and unlike closely related languages. The current study further investigates Papuan Malay by means of lexical (non-acoustic) analyses of two different aspects of word stress. In particular, this paper reports two distribution analyses of a word corpus, 1) investigating the extent to which stress patterns may help word recognition and 2) exploring the phonological factors that predict the distribution of stress patterns. The facilitating role of stress patterns in word recognition was investigated in a lexical analysis of word embeddings. The results show that Papuan Malay word stress (potentially) helps to disambiguate words. As for stress predictors, a random forest analysis investigated the effect of multiple morpho-phonological factors on stress placement. It was found that the mid vowels /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ play a central role in stress placement, refining the conclusions of previous work that mainly focused on /ɛ/. The current study confirms that non-acoustic research on stress can complement acoustic research in important ways. Crucially, the combined findings on stress in Papuan Malay so far give rise to an integrated perspective to word stress, in which phonetic, phonological and cognitive factors are considered.
Zika virus drug targets: a missing link in drug design and discovery – a route map to fill the gap

Zika virus is an emerging virus that has been defined by the World Health Organization as a serious global biological-threat. Zika virus is an arbovirus from the flavivirus genus that is linked to microcephaly after prenatal transmission from the infected mother and most recently Guillain–Barre Syndrome. The need for innovative research methods is urgent due to the ambiguity surrounding Zika virus. The lack of experimental data regarding potential drug targets, strategies for design and drug resistance has prompted us to provide a comprehensive framework with structured theoretical and technical guidelines on potential drug targets, modeling and design of inhibitors against the virus, thus assisting and encouraging scientists from different research domains to fill the gap in this research area. We have also presented a 3D homology model of the ideal Zika viral target, the non-structural protein 5, identified the active binding sites of each domain of the protein and found potential compounds that may act as inhibitors. This report will be immensely beneficial toward the design of Zika virus drug inhibitors.
Perspectives and drivers of modernisation of silviculture re-establishment in South Africa

Efficient and cost-effective re-establishment practices are important parts of any sustainable forest re-establishment programme. Re-establishment activities include residue management (post-harvest slash), preparation of a planting position, planting, fertilisation and vegetation management. In South Africa, these activities are largely labour intensive, time-consuming and relatively costly. Although mechanisation of site preparation during afforestation was achieved in the mid to late 1990s, plantation re-establishment operations in South Africa have remained manually oriented. However, there have been notable technology developments over the past decade. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 66 experts (grower company specialists, foresters, contractors and machine manufacturers) to get their perspectives on modernisation of re-establishment activities in South Africa. Frequency distribution and chi-square test analysis found that two-thirds of the experts believed that re-establishment activities had progressed in terms of technology over the past decade. This development was reported as primarily due to the need to improve health and safety (91%), increase production whilst reducing costs (89%), improve stand productivity (quality) (86%), mitigate social (mainly labour) risks (80%) and reduce prevalent negative environmental impacts (50%). Key barriers to modernisation were identified as the capital cost of equipment (65%), reduction in employment opportunities (44%) and low utilisation of equipment due to seasonality of silviculture work (18%). Experts indicated that the efficiency of mechanised re-establishment equipment can be affected negatively by residues, high stumps and compaction of the site after harvesting. The results of this study will assist forestry stakeholders to make informed decisions when planning and implementing modernised silviculture operations.
Living in the age of the embodied screen

ABSTRACT The technological virtual converges with our contemporary existence in a multitude of ways, which suggests a need to interrogate the question of the virtual existentially. Merleau-Ponty’s existential phenomenological account of embodiment is invaluable in this regard because the virtual is encountered from the basis of the facticity of the embodied individual – a facticity that is closely related to perception and motor intentionality. The current article argues that these characteristics of the body-subject should be taken into consideration in order to develop a clearer description of the virtual. However, beyond an embodied account that relates to early technologies, Merleau-Ponty also presents through his concept of the flesh a novel avenue for the ontological investigation of the virtual. The flesh describes the intertwining of the body-subject and the world, which is suggestive of a new account of the individual’s sensibility in relation to the virtual. An original concept is suggested to describe the existential-ontological structure of the virtual: The embodied screen. The embodied screen as neologism presents an alternative conceptualisation of the coincidence of the body-subject (who understands the world spatially) with the virtual (as non-spatial). By tracing imaginative signification and embodied habitude in terms of the virtual, this article suggests certain existential implications of the virtual for contemporary being.
The visual psychology of European Upper Palaeolithic figurative art: using Bubbles to understand outline depictions

ABSTRACT How have our visual brains evolved, and exactly how did this constrain the specific way that animals were depicted in Upper Palaeolithic art? Here, we test predictions derived from visual neuroscience in this field. Using the example of open-air Upper Palaeolithic rock art of Portugal’s Côa Valley, we point out the frequently recurring outline strategies that past artists utilized to depict the prey animals upon which they were dependent for survival. Their depictional tendency can be mirrored onto the most visually salient anatomical aspects of these species, a finding that results from our use of a visual psychological experimental programme, called Bubbles. We find a remarkable correspondence between the aspects of the anatomy of horses and bison that modern participants found most helpful in successfully discriminating between the two, and those same aspects that are elaborated most in Upper Palaeolithic art. This leads us to conclude that the visual system of Homo sapiens drove the way that important prey species were depicted, and hence, the form of their art.
Estimating above-ground biomass of individual trees with terrestrial laser scanner and 3D quantitative structure modelling

This study explored the feasibility of using the terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) and quantitative structure modelling (QSM) to estimate the above-ground biomass (AGB) of individual trees in the tropical rainforest using data from the Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Malaysia. We also tested the influence of varying the runs, the cover set’s diameter and nmin values on the ABG derived. To achieve our objectives, we estimated diameter at breast height (DBH) and height of 100 trees from 26 plots using both TLS and QSM, and field measurements then AGB based on both methods. We observed a powerful positive linear correlation between TLS and field-measured DBH (R 2 = 0.97) and between TLS and field-measured height (R 2 = 0.77), and a moderately strong relationship between TLS and field-based AGB (R 2 = 0.56). TLS and QSM overestimated AGB by 30% of field-based estimates. Varying the number of runs had no significant influence on the AGB derived from the TLS and QSM (one-way ANOVA, p > 0.05) while increasing the cover set diameter led to an increase in the derived AGB (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.05). The QSM was very sensitive to variations in the nmin (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.05). Our study has demonstrated that the TLS and QSM can be used for estimation of AGB for individual trees but with varying reliability. Regardless, our study provides yet another non-destructive approach to the suite of methods for estimating carbon of individual trees for various applications, including Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation.
Analysing species site-specific tree growth, mortality and in-growth for miombo woodlands in Tanzania

The silvicultural information base for the development of management regimes for Tanzanian miombo woodlands is underdeveloped. The limited and fragmented information on tree growth and stand dynamics has constrained the progress of sustainable management in these woodlands. Therefore, this study focused on analysing major components of tree growth, mortality, in-growth and stand dynamics on permanent sample plots in miombo woodlands. Empirical modelling within a species-grouping framework was applied to tree increment as a function of the species characteristics, tree size and stand conditions. An inversed J-shape diameter distribution of the stand indicated the presence of a working regeneration process, pointing towards sustainability in stand structures. The regulation of stand density is one of the key parameters in the sustainable management of miombo woodlands, providing a powerful tool for maximising in-growth, minimising mortality and enhancing tree growth and yield for a healthier miombo ecosystem.
Bringing science to the study of ancient senses - archaeology and visual psychology

designs coalesce into a face or otherwise. But interaction with portable objects carries over into the haptic realm; changing the orientation of an image can turn it from an abstraction of a plant to a face. Romankiewicz’s tasks are to establish how far this can be explained by mental ‘homologies’, patternWORLD ARCHAEOLOGY 191
Multi-Scale Person Localization With Multi-Stage Deep Sequential Framework

Person detection in real videos and images is a classical research problem in computer vision. Person detection is a nontrivial problem that offers many challenges due to several nuisances that commonly observed in natural videos. Among these, scale is the main challenging problem in various object detection tasks. To solve the scale problem, we propose a framework that estimates the scales of person’s heads, as we argue that head is the only visible part in complex scenes. we propose a head detection framework that explicitly handles head scales. The framework consists of two sequential networks: (1) scale estimation network (SENet) and (2) head detection network. SENet predicts the distribution of scales from the input image in the form of histogram. Then the scale histogram adjust anchor scale set of region proposal network that generates object proposals. These objects proposals are then classified into two classes, that is, head and background by the detection network. We evaluate proposed framework on three challenging benchmark datasets. Experiment results show that proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art performance. © 2021 The Authors . Published by Atlantis Press B.V. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
Privacy Rights and Data Security: GDPR and Personal Data Driven Markets

The paper investigates how the two key features of GDPR (EU’s data protection regulation)— privacy rights and data security—impact personal data driven markets. First, GDPR recognizes that individuals own and control their data in perpetuity, leading to three critical privacy rights: (i) right to explicit consent (data opt-in), (ii) right to be forgotten (data erasure), and (iii) right to portability (switch data to competitor). Second, GDPR has data security mandates protection against privacy breaches through unauthorized access. The right to explicit opt-in allows goods exchange without data exchange. Erasure and portability rights discipline firms to provide ongoing value and reduces consumers’ holdup using their own data. Overall, privacy rights restrict legal collection and use, while data security protects against illegal access and use. We develop a two- period model of forward-looking firms and consumers where consumers exercise data privacy rights balancing the cost (privacy breach, price discrimination) and benefits (product personalization, price subsidies) of sharing data with firms. We find that by reducing expected privacy breach costs, data security mandates increase opt-in, consumer surplus and firm profit. Privacy rights reduce opt-in and mostly increase consumer surplus at the expense of firm profits; interestingly they hurt firms more in competitive than in monopolistic markets. While privacy rights can reduce surplus for both firms and consumers, these conditions are unlikely to be realized when breach risk is endogenized. Further, by unbundling data exchange from goods exchange, privacy rights facilitate trade in goods that may otherwise fail to occur due to privacy breach risk.
Dental attendance and behavioural pathways to adult oral health inequalities

Background While inequalities in oral health are documented, little is known about the extent to which they are attributable to potentially modifiable factors. We examined the role of behavioural and dental attendance pathways in explaining oral health inequalities among adults in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Methods Using nationally representative data, we analysed inequalities in self-rated oral health and number of natural teeth. Highest educational attainment, equivalised household income and occupational social class were used to derive a latent socioeconomic position (SEP) variable. Pathways were dental attendance and behaviours (smoking and oral hygiene). We used structural equation modelling to test the hypothesis that SEP influences oral health directly and also indirectly via dental attendance and behavioural pathways. Results Lower SEP was directly associated with fewer natural teeth and worse self-rated oral health (standardised path coefficients, −0.21 (SE=0.01) and −0.10 (SE=0.01), respectively). We also found significant indirect effects via behavioural factors for both outcomes and via dental attendance primarily for self-rated oral health. While the standardised parameters of total effects were similar between the two outcomes, for number of teeth, the estimated effect of SEP was mostly direct while for self-rated oral health, it was almost equally split between direct and indirect effects. Conclusion Reducing inequalities in dental attendance and health behaviours is necessary but not sufficient to tackle socioeconomic inequalities in oral health.
Chemical kinetic modeling of the supercritical water oxidation of simple fuels: H2, CO and CH4

Les cinetiques d'oxydation dans l'eau supercritique de l'hydrogene, du monoxyde de carbone et du methane ont ete modelisees au moyen d'un mecanisme cinetique detaille initialement mis au point pour modeliser la combustion de ces combustibles ainsi que du gaz naturel. Les profils de concentration des reactifs, et des produits mesures dans un reacteur piston au MIT ont ete utilises pour valider le mecanisme cinetique detaille dans les conditions supercritiques
Crystal structure of [tris(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)amine-κ3N](isonicotinate-κO) cobalt(II) [tris(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)amine-κ3N](isonicotinic acid-κO) cobalt(II) triperchlorate, C60H51N16O16Cl3Co2

Abstract C60H51N16O16Cl3Co2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 35.652(4) Å, b = 14.1314(16) Å, c = 25.141(3) Å, β = 105.113(2)°, V = 12228(3) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0651, wRref(F2) = 0.1663, T = 103(2) K.
Optical and transport properties of organic and organometal halide perovskite semiconductors

A disadvantage of current day’s electronic and optoelectronic applications is that the production cost of the technology is relatively high, and the production methods are not very environmental friendly. Therefore, there is a worldwide effort to discover and develop new technological materials that are not hampered by these drawbacks, and to understand their fundamental properties. This thesis focuses on two classes of materials which show the promising possibility to develop a variety of low-cost and environmentally favorable photo-electric applications: organic semiconductors and organometal halide perovskite semiconductors. Transport and photo-physical properties of representative materials from these classes have been investigated using a variety of experimental methods. Apart from reporting on a study of the degree of conjugation in benzothiadiazole-carbazole molecules and the behavior of photo-excited charges in microcrystalline CH3NH3PbI3 films, this thesis reports on the development of a novel approach to investigate ambipolar charge transport properties of organic semiconductors (the so-called charge selective CELIV method). Application of this method to archetypical organic semiconductor films elucidated the role of shallow and deep trap states on the transport properties in P3HT (poly (3-hexylthiophene)): PCBM (Phenyl C61-Butyric Acid Methyl ester) blends, and led to the discovery of a controllable extremely long (hours) lifetime of photo-excited charge carriers in thin films of NPB ((N,N’-Di(1-naphthyl)-N,N’-diphenyl-(1,1’-biphenyl)-4,4’-diamine)), which shows promise for applications in low light level detector or organic memory technologies.
The effects of hydrogen sulfide on HEK-293 cells and human primary bronchial fibroblasts

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a key biologically relevant signalling molecule and has been recognised as the third endogenous gasotransmitter. H2S modulates various biological functions through complex mechanisms which may involve Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels such as TRPA1. TRPA1 is postulated to play a prominent role in pulmonary inflammation and airway hypersensitivity. H2S has been found to also modulate cell growth and survival, with high concentrations leading to reactive airway disease, acute respiratory failure and pulmonary fibrosis. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is a thiol precursor of L-Cysteine which elicits antioxidant effects and has been implicated in preventing the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of H2S on TRPA1 and human primary bronchial fibroblasts (HPBF). Initial experiments sought to examine the effects of NaHS on HEK293 cells transfected with TRPA1 (HEK-TRPA1) using fluorometric calcium assays. These assays were hampered by a direct reaction between the H2S donor NaHS and the fluorescent dye. However this has led to the identification of a putative new H2S sensor. Next, untransfected HPBF and HEK-TRPA1 were treated with NaHS or with NAC, and the effects assessed using a five-day growth assay. Chronic NaHS exposure induced a significant reduction in the growth of HEK-TRPA1 cells. Furthermore an acute 30 minute treatment with NaHS significantly reduced the growth of both HEK-TRPA1 cells and HPBFs, whereas NAC only inhibited growth of the latter. The NAC mediated inhibition in HPBF growth provides in vitro evidence for the potential anti-fibrotic actions of NAC in the lung. The inhibitory effects on growth at day five following a brief 30 minute NaHS exposure is a novel finding that requires further investigation to elucidate the mechanism of action. This could potentially provide a better understanding of the effects of H2S in modulating the progression from inflammation to fibrosis.
ON-Resistance of Ga2O3 Trench-MOS Schottky Barrier Diodes: Role of Sidewall Interface Trapping

We present a comprehensive study of the ON-resistance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> trench-MOS Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs), with a focus on the effect of sidewall interface trapping. Capacitance–voltage characteristics of MOS-capacitors and current–voltage characteristics of trench SBDs were all repeatedly measured under increasing forward-bias stress voltage to at least +15 V. Both reveal an increase in negative charges trapped near the MOS interface under increasing forward bias, as well as slow detrapping. The slow detrapping in trench SBDs causes a current collapse and a delayed turn-on behavior in the trench SBDs due to sidewall depletion. Through modeling of the fresh <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, we found that the sidewall depletion can be eliminated under sufficiently high forward bias. Interestingly, the dynamic <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> under the forward-bias stress is lower than the fresh <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Such an anomalous behavior is well-explained by analytical calculation of the apparent differential <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which can be lowered by a modulation of fin-channel conductivity under forward bias. This study highlights the importance of sidewall interface quality in trench-MOS SBDs and calls for scrutiny on the interpretation of the apparent differential <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, as artificially low values may arise due to the voltage dependence of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.
5G-enabled Optimal Bi-Throughput for UAS Swarm Networking

Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) swarms are being deployed in many applications to complete challenging missions with the requirements of flexibility, complexity, and accuracy successfully. With 5G New Radio (5G NR), UAS swarm networking can yield high capacities of mobile communication to provide more stable, effective services for UAS swarm. However, the conventional architectures of UAS swarm networking are centralized and hierarchical, thus restricting the high volume communication due to heterogeneous swarm communication, and the deployment of UAS swarms on a large scale. In this paper, inspired by the behavior of cell communication, we propose a cell wall oriented bi-throughput optimization algorithm for UAS swarm networking. To be specific, We leverage edge-coloring to optimize the routing schedule to obtain the maximum throughput for each UAS swarm. The evaluation shows that the throughput from both directions can be enhanced to achieve an improvement of up to 90% when the time slot is less than 0. 01s. The 5G-enabled optimal bi-throughput solution shows great potential to provide UAS swarm networking more compatible capacities for the challenging mission in real-time.