Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mécanismes de persistance de Bartonella dans son hôte réservoir

Each Bartonella species appears to be highly adapted to one or a limited number of reservoir hosts, in which it establishes a long-lasting intraerythrocytic bacteremia as the hallmark of infection. Although the course of Bartonella infection has been precisely described, the molecular mechanisms of host specific erythrocyte infection and the stages of precedent the arrival in the bloodstream are poorly understood. In this thesis we purposed to identify the mechanisms of erythrocyte infection by Bartonella and characterize the possible locations of Bartonella during the days before the intraerythrocytic stage.By the establishment of an in vitro model of adhesion and invasion of erythrocytes by Bartonella spp. , we demonstrated that host specificity was determined by the interaction between bacteria and erythrocytes. By screening signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) library of B. birtlesii in vivo and in vitro and ectopic expression, we revealed that type IV Trw locus was required for host-restricted adhesion to erythrocytes in a wide range of mammals. After that, we further characterized that only TrwJ1 and TrwJ2 were expressed and present on the surface of the bacteria and had the ability to bind to mouse erythrocytes, and the receptor of them was erythrocyte band3 by different technology (phage display, electron microscopy, far western blot and adherence and invasion inhibition assay). By the model of experimental infection of laboratory normal Balb/C mice and splenectomized mice with B. birtlesii, we showed that during the first 7 days, no bacteria were recovered from lymph nodes, bone marrow and brain, but in the spleen, transient in the liver, And bacteremia was the same in both infection models during the first 7 days, thereafter, bacteremia was 10 fold higher in splenectomized mice than in normal mice and lasted 2 weeks longer. This suggested that the spleen was able to retain Bartonella.In conclusion, the host specific adhesion between Bartonella and erythrocyte was mediated by Trw and erythrocytic band 3, and spleen had a role in retention Bartonella.
THE MEDIATION OF INTRINSIC MOTIVATION AND AFFECTIVE COMMITMENT IN THE RELATIONSHIP OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN TECHNOLOGY-BASED COMPANIES

: This paper aims to determine the relationship of transformational leadership and employee engagement of technology-based company in Indonesia. Employees who perceived their leader caring and inspiring will become more engaged to their job and organization. The study also aims to examine the mediation of intrinsic motivation and affective commitment in the relationship. Data collected from 300 participants of two technology-based companies in Indonesia in 2019. The mediation analysis was used for data analysis and determined the direct and indirect effect. The results suggest that the intrinsic motivation and affective commitment become mediation element in connecting the transformational leadership and employee engagement. Individually or simultaneously, both mediated the relationship.
Abundance and Biomass of the Ciliate Community during a Spring Cruise in the Gulf of Gabes (Eastern Mediterranean Sea, Tunisia)

We studied the spring spatial distribution of the ciliate community coupled with environmental factors along the coast and in the open sea at 30 stations sampled (between 27 May and 9 June 2006) in the Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia, Eastern Mediterranean Sea). A total of 61 taxa belonging to 36 genera and 5 taxonomic classes were identified. The ciliate assemblage was numerically dominated by spirotrichs (86% of total ciliates). This group is largely dominated by the choreotrichs (92%) among which tintinnids represented 99%. The total ciliates abundance showed a gradual decrease from the coastal area to the open sea and an increase from the surface to the bottom. The maximum abundance (400 cells l-1) and biomass (6.29 μgC l-1) were found in station 27, close to Djerba Island. The tinitinnid Rhabdonella spiralis was cosmopolitan, being found almost at every station and at each depth, while other taxa may be exclusive to the neritic area, others to the open sea area. The distribution of species in the Gulf of Gabes seemed most likely influenced by the combined effects of hydrographic conditions, zooplankton predation and urban interferences.
Economic Determinants of the Natural Fertility Rate with Special Focus on the EU and on Hungary

The natural fertility rate directly expresses the reproductive capabilities of a country. Typically, the value of this indicator is considerably lower in the economically developed part of the world than in less developed countries. However, in terms of fertility rates, developed countries are not completely homogenous either, at least in an analysis of changes in time series. Through the example of various EU Member States, this study aims to pick the economic and policy factors that may trigger improvement in the fertility rate. Apart from a few countries, it is a common problem in the surveyed states that population growth is insufficient for ensuring reproduction. Paradoxically, population decline and ageing is a problem in those countries and regions of the world where the material, economic and welfare conditions are the most favourable. It is also important to demonstrate globally detectable correlations between fertility rates and the standard of living. The aim of this study is to highlight the specific social and economic indicators with the most beneficial and most adverse impacts on developments in fertility rates. An important finding of the study is that having children is essentially not an economic, much rather a cultural matter that is closely related to the concept of responsibility, and in addition, economic stability or a balanced income distribution may increase the fertility rate. Overall, decrease in the intensity of childbearing can be considered as a legitimate concomitant of societies with advanced economies. In the study references are made to other variables that may shift the unfavourable demographic trends in a more favourable direction in the developed world. A higher ratio of internet a more of R&D-intensive products show a lower but positive the level of scientific/academic fertility rates in the of a with a high
Intra- and interspecific allozyme variation in eucalypts from the spotted gum group, Corymbia, section 'Politaria' (Myrtaceae)

The distribution of genetic variation within and among species inCorymbia section‘Politaria’ was examined using allozymes.This section consists of four species,Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A. S.Johnson, C. maculata (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A. S.Johnson, C. henryi (Blake) K.D. Hill & L.A. S.Johnson and C. variegata (F.Muell.) K.D. Hill & L.A. S.Johnson, which are of commercial interest for plantation and farmforestry. Thirty populations representing the species’ range-widedistributions were studied, extending from upland tropical regions of northQueensland, south to eastern Victoria. Despite relatively low allozymedivergence between species, there was a relationship between geographicdistribution patterns of populations and allozyme variation. The section wasshown to comprise very closely related species with only 15% of thetotal genetic diversity attributed to differences between species. Twodistinct genetic alliances were evident:C. maculata–C. henryi andC. citriodora–C. variegata.Corymbia citriodora andC. variegata, however, could not be distinguished bytheir allozyme profiles. The lack of genetic differentiation between thesetaxa suggests that they represent one species composed of two chemical races.Corymbia maculata and C. henryiwere shown to be closely allied but genetically distinct.Corymbia henryi had the highest genetic diversity in thegroup and lowest differentiation among populations, whileC. maculata had the lowest diversity but the highestgenetic differentiation among populations. There was evidence ofisolation-by-distance among populations ofC. citriodora, C. maculata andC. variegata but not in C. henryi,which has a smaller geographic range. The inclusion in the study ofC. torelliana (F.Muell.) K.D. Hill & L.A. S.Johnson asan outgroup accentuated the small genetic differences between species in thegroup. The patterns of genetic diversity are discussed in relation to thespecies’ taxonomic relationships, breeding systems and utilisation.
Desert tortoise use of burned habitat in the Eastern Mojave desert

Wildfires burned 24,254 ha of critical habitat designated for the recovery of the threatened Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in southern Nevada during 2005. The proliferation of non-native annual grasses has increased wildfire frequency and extent in recent decades and continues to accelerate the conversion of tortoise habitat across the Mojave Desert. Immediate changes to vegetation are expected to reduce quality of critical habitat, yet whether tortoises will use burned and recovering habitat differently from intact unburned habitat is unknown. We compared movement patterns, home-range size, behavior, microhabitat use, reproduction, and survival for adult desert tortoises located in, and adjacent to, burned habitat to understand how tortoises respond to recovering burned habitat. Approximately 45% of home ranges in the post-fire environment contained burned habitat, and numerous observations (n = 12,223) corroborated tortoise use of both habitat types (52% unburned, 48% burned). Tortoises moved progressively deeper into burned habitat during the first 5 years following the fire, frequently foraging in burned habitats that had abundant annual plants, and returning to adjacent unburned habitat for cover provided by intact perennial vegetation. However, by years 6 and 7, the live cover of the short-lived herbaceous perennial desert globemallow (Sphaeralcea ambigua) that typically re-colonizes burned areas declined, resulting in a contraction of tortoise movements from the burned areas. Health and egg production were similar between burned and unburned areas indicating that tortoises were able to acquire necessary resources using both areas. This study documents that adult Mojave desert tortoises continue to use habitat burned once by wildfire. Thus, continued management of this burned habitat may contribute toward the recovery of the species in the face of many sources of habitat loss. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Ex Ante Risk in the Corporate Bond Market: Evidence from Synthetic Options

We synthetically create option contracts on a corporate bond index using CDX swaptions, overcoming the limitations that originate from the lack of traded corporate bond options. Our approach allows us to estimate various risk-neutral quantities concerning the corporate bond market in a model-free manner. By constructing a forward-looking volatility measure and the variance risk premium, we examine the role of volatility risk in the corporate bond market. We highlight that the ex ante conditional second and higher moments we estimate from synthetic corporate bond options carry important implications for credit risk models, providing an extra basis for testing their validity.
SOFT CORAL (Sinularia sp.) EXTRACTS WITH ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY

There is a growing need for new antibacterial agents, in particular because many antibiotics are becoming ineffective due to the emergence of resistant bacterial strains. Soft corals of the Genus Sinularia, Family Alcyoniidae, have potential as a source of terpenoid and steroid compounds with antibacterial activity. These corals may vary in external morphology (shape, colour, size). The aim of this research was to identify extracted fractions with high antibacterial activity. Sinularia sp. specimens were extracted, fractionated based on solvent polarity, and tested for antibacterial bioactivity against pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus). Antibacterial activity of the three fractions varied in strength. The dichloromethane fraction showed strong antibacterial activity, inhibiting S. aureus and E. coli growth at a concentration of 1 mg ml-1, while the ethyl acetate and ethanol fractions were effective at 10 mg ml-1 and 100 mg ml-1, respectively.
Alkane-grown yeast in relation to selenium in broiler diets

In a trial, 1080 male white-leg (Hybro) chicks, 15 per cage, were given a basal diet low in selenium or diets with 12.5 or 25 % of G-yeast grown on alkane-type hydrocarbons. All diets were supplemented with 10 mg vitamin E and 100 mg antioxidant per kilogram and each kind of diet was supplemented with Se at 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mg/kg. There was a significantly negative linear effect of yeast on body weight, weight gain and a significantly positive linear effect on feed conversion up to 7 weeks of age, indicating that the two additions of Gyeast caused a depression in comparison with the control. The supplements of selenium did not improve weight gain or feed conversion, but increased contents of Se in breast and leg muscle at 7 weeks. The contents of Se in muscles of the broilers on the basal diet were rather high, presumably be­ cause of carry-over from the hen via the egg.
EFFECTS OF INTRAUTERINE CROWDING ON UTERINE AVAILABLE SPACE PER FETUS IN RABBITS

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of uterine crowding on uterine available space per fetus and fetal development at 18 days of gestation in unilaterally ovariectomized and intact does from a divergent selection experiment on uterine capacity. Uterine capacity was estimated as litter size in unilaterally ovariectomized (ULO) does. Records were available from 37 ULO and 26 intact does. All the does were slaughtered on d 18 of gestation. Ovulation rate per side in ULO does was almost twice as much as intact does (12.41 ova vs. 6.47 ova, P < 0.001). ULO does showed a hi gher intrauterine crowding at implantation than intact does (9.36 implanted embryos/uterine horn vs. 5.31 implanted embryos/uterine horn, P < 0.001) and a lower uterine available space by fetus (4.36 cm vs. 4.96 cm, P < 0.01). The uterine available space by implantation site showed a negative quadratic regression coefficient with the number of implanted embryos (P < 0.001), and a negative linear regression coefficient with the number of dead fetuses (-0.16 + 0.06 in ULO does and –0.19 + 0.10 in intact does). The uterine available space had a positive quadratic relationships with the length of maternal placenta (P < 0.001), and it was linearly associated to the development of fetal placenta and fetus (P < 0.01). These results would suggest that each embryo requires a certain minimum space of uterus to attach, survive and develop. The fetal position within the uterus did not affect the proportion of dead embryos. However, the fetuses with placentas receiving less than three blood vessels showed a higher probability of death (P < 0.01) than those receiving more than three blood vessels (35 % vs. 4 %). The implantation sites receiving less than three blood vessels had lighter placentas (1.31 g vs. 1.41 g, P < 0.05) and fetuses (2.03 g vs. 2.12 g, P < 0.05) that those receiving more than three blood vessels.
Characterization of amyloid β peptides from brain extracts of transgenic mice overexpressing the London mutant of human amyloid precursor protein

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques in the brain of patients. To study plaque formation, we report on further quantitative and qualitative analysis of human and mouse amyloid β peptides (Aβ) from brain extracts of transgenic mice overexpressing the London mutant of human amyloid precursor protein (APP). Using enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assays (ELISAs) specific for either human or rodent Aβ, we found that the peptides from both species aggregated to form plaques. The ratios of deposited Aβ1–42/1–40 were in the order of 2–3 for human and 8–9 for mouse peptides, indicating preferential deposition of Aβ42. We also determined the identity and relative levels of other Aβ variants present in protein extracts from soluble and insoluble brain fractions. This was done by combined immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry (IP/MS). The most prominent peptides truncated either at the carboxyl‐ or the amino‐terminus were Aβ1–38 and Aβ11–42, respectively, and the latter was strongly enriched in the extracts of deposited peptides. Taken together, our data indicate that plaques of APP‐London transgenic mice consist of aggregates of multiple human and mouse Aβ variants, and the human variants that we identified were previously detected in brain extracts of AD patients.
Epidemic mortalities in the dusky grouper, Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) in Egyptian coastal waters

ycobacterium marinum (M. marinum) was isolated for the first time from the dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) collected during the early fall of 2008 emergent mass mortalities among the grouper populations of the Saloum bay and rocky coastal zones of Marsa Matrouh province, Egypt. The acid fast bacilli of the M. marinum were successfully detected within the Ziehl - Neelsen stained granulomatous reactions scattered within liver of the collected fishes. Laboratory diagnosis was based on the successful isolation of the pathogen on Lowenstein-Jensen medium after 14 days of incubation at 28oC. Further confirmatory scheme based on the conventional biochemical testing was adopted to ensure the final identity of the retrieved isolates. Positive acid fast staining, negative PAS staining, Gram positive staining, no motility, growth at 25 oC, 30 oC and no growth at 37 oC, smooth yellow-lemon colored appearance of colonies were all among the criteria used for identifying the retrieved isolates. We hypothesized that, the emergence of the disease in this fish population was triggered by the high magnitude of environmental contaminants, abrupt rise of water temperature, predation, and presence of number of cohabitating reservoir wild animals in the surrounding aquatic environment.
Effects of elevated temperature and fluorine pollution on relations between the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) and oak powdery mildew (Microsphaera alphitoides)

Effects of elevated temperature and soil pollution with fluorine on host-pathogen relations were studied in seedlings of the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) inoculated with oak powdery mildew (Microsphaera alphitoides Griff. et Maubl.) and control seedlings. The plants were grown for 1month in elevated temperature (on average by 1.6°C) and soil pollution with sodium fluoride (330 ppm F). The above factors did not have any significant effect on nitrogen content of leaves or on concentrations of metabolites favour- able to growth and development of the fungal pathogen (total non-structural carbohydrates, including solu- ble carbohydrates and starch) and those unfavourable to fungi (soluble phenols, condensed tannins and lignins). The elevated temperature and fluorine pollution did not affect the leaf infection rate. However, a sig- nificant temperature × pollution interaction was observed in inoculated seedlings. At the elevated tempera- ture, fluorine caused a less severe infection by powdery mildew. This could be due to a direct toxic effect of fluorine on the pathogen or by an indirect influence, resulting from changes in levels of other metabolites, which were not analysed in this study. The inoculation of oak seedlings with powdery mildew caused a de- cline in the carbohydrate content of leaves but did not have any significant effect on levels of other analysed metabolites. However, it significantly affected the distribution of phenols and lignins in oak leaves. Those compounds accumulated within necrotic lesions and in adjacent cells. Our results do not enable drawing defi- nite conclusions on effects of a slight rise in temperature and a relatively low level of fluorine pollution of the soil on relations between the pedunculate oak and oak powdery mildew. Lower values of the leaf infection rate in seedlings growing in elevated temperature and fluorine pollution suggest that in warmer years a lower level of infection by M. alphitoides may be expected in areas affected by fluorine pollution.
Nuclear Dynamics of a Broken Chromosome: A Dissertation

In order to preserve its genomic integrity, an organism needs to detect and repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in a prompt and accurate fashion. This goal is accomplished by enabling an exquisitely sensitive DSB sensing apparatus as well as multiple and often overlapping pathways for repair. All of these processes are carried out on a highly organized and compacted chromatin substrate in the nucleus. An important question is whether chromatin plays an active role in the process and whether it helps in the signaling or repair of this damage. We have used Chromosome Conformation Capture (3C) to show that there are no large scale changes in chromosome structure at a single site-specific DNA double-strand break, although looping interactions between DSBs and donors can be detected. In a surprising result, we found that 3C detected a nucleus-wide decrease in interactions with the DSB. We have used a combination of 3C, fluorescence microscopy and chromatin immunoprecipitation to show that the decrease in interactions is a result of the relocalization of persistent DSB to the nuclear periphery. We also show that this is dependent on the recruitment of telomerase complex to the DSB, which then interacts with its natural partner in the Inner nuclear membrane, Mps3, and relocalizes the DSB to the periphery. Thus, a DSB that cannot be repaired is shunted into a pathway where the cell attempts to survive by putting a de novo telomere on the broken chromosome. Remarkably, this is not an irreversible phenomenon despite the recruitment of telomerase and the relocalization to the periphery. DSBs which are repaired slowly due to the presence of homology on a different chromosome, or merely usage of a kinetically slower form of repair, undergo this pathway switch, but can still recover and repair the DSB if homology is present. We also show that the role of the periphery is to ensure repair through de novo telomere formation or other non-canonical repair pathways. Indeed, loss of peripheral localization results in a dramatic suppression of the genomic instability of the Slx5/8 mutants, which have been implicated in the persistent DSB response at the Nuclear pores. Thus, the nuclear periphery is a special compartment where DSBs go after they cannot be repaired by canonical pathways. Specialized components such as telomerase, silencing proteins and components of the SUMO pathway, all seem to play roles in the healing of these chromosomes. Importantly, the SUN domain homologues of Mps3 have been shown to play roles similar to their yeast homologues in meiotic bouquet formation through their interactions with telomeres. Thus, they may represent a conserved mechanism for chromosome healing and telomere anchoring, despite the fact that mammalian telomeres are rarely found at the nuclear periphery. Such survival mechanisms may be expected to operate in cancer cells which may or may not have upregulated telomerase expression.