Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel role for and potential therapeutic targeting of heme oxygenase-1 in HIV neuropathogenesis

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) affect up to 50% of HIV-infected adults despite potent viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and are associated with persistent neuronal damage, monocyte/macrophage activation, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a highly inducible, detoxifying enzyme critical for limiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular injury within the central nervous system (CNS) and other tissues. Our analysis of HO-1 expression in the brain prefrontal cortex from HIV-infected individuals demonstrated a significant HO-1 protein deficiency, even in HIV-infected subjects treated with ART. This HO-1 deficiency associated with a diagnosis of HAND and HIV-encephalitis (HIVE) as well as with elevated CNS HIV replication, type I interferon responses, and macrophage activation. Within this cohort longer variants of a HO-1 promoter region (GT)n microsatellite polymorphism, which cause reduced HO-1 gene expression, associated with increased risk of HIVE and elevated CNS macrophage activation. HIV replication in macrophages, a primary CNS HIV reservoir, selectively reduced HO-1 protein and RNA expression and induced production of neurotoxic levels of glutamate. This HO-1 deficiency and associated neurotoxin production was a conserved feature of infection with macrophage-tropic HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains that correlated closely with the extent of replication. ART regimens applied to macrophages after HIV infection was established failed to prevent this HO-1 loss and associated neurotoxin production. HO-1 siRNA knockdown and enzymatic inhibition in HIV-infected macrophages increased supernatant glutamate and neurotoxicity. In contrast, increasing HO-1 expression through siRNA derepression or with pharmacologic inducers, including the CNS-penetrating drug dimethyl fumarate (DMF), decreased supernatant glutamate and neurotoxicity. These findings identify HO-1 as a host factor that is deficient in the brains of HIV-infected individuals and suggest that loss of HO-1 and its protective functions may contribute to HIV neuropathogenesis. Moreover, this work defines a predictable and conserved relationship between HIV replication, HO-1 loss, and neurotoxin production in macrophages that likely reflects processes in place in the HIV-infected brain of individuals receiving ART. Correcting this HO-1 deficiency could provide a novel approach for neuroprotection in individuals with or at risk for developing HAND above that provided by current ART. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Neuroscience First Advisor Dennis L. Kolson This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations/1736
The knowledge and attitude of students in relation with health and food safety at Tehran university of medical sciences

Food safety is an important principle to prevent human from catching diseases and it also protects environment from contamination. The purpose of this study is to investigate the knowledge and attitude of students regarding health and food safety. This analytical study was performed on 300 students at Tehran university of medical sciences students by using a selfadministered questionnaire consisting of demographic information and awareness and attitude towards health and food safety questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS-16. The results showed that 68 percent of students had good knowledge and 31 percent had average knowledge about health and food safety. The students had good attitude towards health and food safety. There was a significant difference between women and men in terms of awareness (P=0.002). Also, There was a significance difference among students of different schools of knowledge (P=0.001). But no statistically significant difference was observed between age groups. Having awareness towards health and food safety is considered an important issue. Although the students had good knowledge, the inclusion of a course offered to promote their knowledge in this regard seems necessary.
Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant

The ANZDATA Registry includes all patients treated with renal replacement therapy (RRT) throughout Australia and New Zealand. Funding is predominantly from government sources, together with the non-government organization Kidney Health Australia. Registry operations are overseen by an Executive committee, and a Steering Committee with wide representation. Data is collected from renal units throughout Australia and New Zealand on a regular basis, and forwarded to the Registry. Areas covered include demographic details, primary renal disease, type of renal replacement therapy, process measures, and a variety of outcomes. From this data collection a number of themes of work are produced. These include production of Registry reports with an extensive range of national and regional data, a suite of quality assurance reports, key process indicator (KPI) reports, and data sets for a variety of audit and research purposes. The various types of information from the ANZDATA Registry are used in a wide variety of areas, including health services planning, safety and quality programs, and clinical research projects. Kidney International Supplements (2015) 5, 39–44; doi:10.1038/kisup.2015. 8
Laparoscopic nephrectomy for atrophic kidney due to serious infection: A review of 15 cases

Review cases in which laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed for atrophic kidney due to serious infection with an emphasis on procedural details and complications. Data from 15 patients who underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy for atrophic kidney due to serious infection between November 2007 and March 2013 were reviewed. All procedures were performed by a single surgeon at our institution. Atransperitoneal approach was used in 14 patients and drainage tubes were placed in the renal fossa following nephrectomy in 10 patients. The tubes were removed on the first postoperative day in 9 patients. Postoperative antibiotic therapy was required in 1 patient, but all procedures were completed without requiring a blood transfusion. No conversions to an open surgical procedure were required, and there were no serious complications in any of the patients. The pneumoperitoneum time and blood loss of the patients were 126.5±58.8 min (range, 61–261 min) and 37.7±81.2 mL (range, 0–300 mL), respectively. Contrary to reports from previous studies, threat of blood transfusion and conversion to open surgery in patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy for atrophic kidney due to serious infection was low in our study. With technological advances, the benefits of laparoscopic management increasingly outweigh the difficulties of this procedure. Laparoscopic nephrectomy for infectious conditions is an acceptable alternative to open nephrectomy when selected with appropriate preparation and forethought.
Statement Verification: A Stochastic Model of Judgment and Response.

This article presents a stochastic judgment model (SJM) as a framework for addressing a wide range of issues in statement verification and probability judgment. The SJM distinguishes between covert confidence in the truth of a proposition and the selection of an overt response. A series of experiments demonstrated the model's validity and yielded new results: Binary true-false responses were biased toward true relative to underlying judgment. Underlying judgment was also biased in that direction. Also, in a domain about which Ss had some knowledge, they discriminated true and false statements better when they compared complementary pairs before judging individual statements than when they performed those tasks in the opposite order
Report on Migrant Workers' Knowledge Toward Pre-hospital Care in Community

Objective To understand the migrant workers' basic knowledge about pre-hospital care,explore the popularity of onsite first aid training in an effective way.Methods Self-designed paper to conduct a sample survey at random among 553 migrant workers in the community of Buyong and statistical summary was got by using Excel.Results The training of pre-hospital care and the workers' knowledge about it are far from enough to satisfy urgent patients' need.Conclusion Various parties should cooperate to develop extensive mass pre-hospital care,attach more importance to the significance of pre-hospital care,and improve the success rate of pre-hospital care.
Detrital zircons and the interpretation of palaeogeography, with the Variscan Orogeny as an example

Abstract Analysis of the distribution of detrital zircon grains is one of the few parameters by which Precambrian palaeogeography may be interpreted. However, the break-up of Pangea and the subsequent dispersal of some of its fragments around the Indian Ocean demonstrate that zircon analysis alone may be misleading, since zircons indicate their original derivation and not their subsequent plate-tectonic pathways. Based on analysis of Precambrian–Ordovician zircon distributions, the presence of microcontinents and separating oceans in the north Gondwanan realm has been rejected in favour of an undivided pre-Variscan continental northwards extension of Africa to include Iberia, Armorica and neighbouring southern European terranes, based on analysis of Precambrian–Ordovician zircon distribution. However, contrasting views, indicating the presence of three peri-Gondwanan oceans with complete Wilson cycles, are reinforced here by a critical reappraisal of the significance of that Variscan area detrital zircon record together with a comparison of the evolution of the present-day Indian Ocean, indicating that Iberia, Armorica and other terranes were each separate from the main Gondwanan craton during the early Palaeozoic Era.
Mechanisms of Future Changes in Equatorial Upwelling: CMIP5 Intermodel Analysis

The future change in equatorial upwelling between 1971–2000 and 2071–2100 is investigated using data from 24 coupled climate models. The multimodel ensemble (MME) mean exhibits substantial equatorial upwelling decrease in the eastern Pacific and weaker decrease in the western Atlantic Ocean. The MME mean of upwelling change and intermodel variation of that are decomposed into distinct isopycnal and diapycnal components. In the Pacific, the diapycnal upwelling decreases near the surface, associated with a weakened Ekman pumping. The isopycnal upwelling decreases at depths of 75–200 m around the core of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) due to flattening of the density layer in which it flows. Both the weakened Ekman pumping and the EUC flattening are induced by the locally weakened trade wind over the eastern Pacific basin. In the equatorial Atlantic, both the change in MME mean and the intermodel variation of upwellings are significantly related to the weakened trade wind and enhanced stratification, although these drivers are not independent. The results for the Pacific Ocean imply that future reduction in upwelling may have impacts at different depths by different mechanisms. In particular, the rapid warming of sea surface temperature in the eastern Pacific basin may be mainly caused by the near-surface diapycnal upwelling reduction rather than isopycnal upwelling reduction associated EUC flattening, which is important at deeper levels.
Improving flood forecasting using multi-source remote sensing data together with in situ measurements: Report of the Floodfore project

The FloodFore project developed new methods to estimate hydrological parameters from multi source remote sensing and in situ data. The estimated parameters are important input to the watershed simulation model in order to improve the accuracy of the forecasts. Goal was also to develop and demonstrate a visualisation system for multi source information and to study the commercialization possibilities of the results of the project. Project was mainly funded by Tekes, but also several Finnish companies and two ministries (The Ministry of Transport and Communications and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry) participated in funding. The development work of the project was conducted in three institutes: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finnish Environment Institute and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. These institutes also participated in funding of the project. The main achievements of the project are: Development and validation of a satellite based snow water equivalent (SWE) estimation method for the area of Finland. Method was taken into operative use at SYKE where watershed simulation model uses the SWE estimates. Development of a weather radar based accumulated precipitation estimation method. Method estimates the accumulated 24 hour precipitation using weather radar and precipitation gauges together. Method was taken into operational use. Determination of soil freezing state from the satellite observations Testing the benefit of the remote sensing products to the hydrological forecasting Method to estimate snow water equivalent at high spatial resolution using both microwave radiometer and SAR data Development and demonstration of a visualisation system for multi source information Study of the commercialisation possibilities of the project results
Post-Little Ice Age Development of Coast in the Locality of Kapp Napier, Central Spitsbergen, Svalbard Archipelago

Abstract Changes in the position of the shore in the vicinity of Kapp Napier in central Svalbard was described. The overall advance of the shore was probably related to high input of the sediment material originating from erosion of the coastal areas south of the Kapp Napier locality and high input of material from adjacent glacifluvial system of Nordenskiöld glacier with its marginal water streams. Fast evolution of glacier retreat related processes after the Little Ice Age was a secondary driver of the dynamic changes in the central Svalbard coastal areas especially in the first half of the 20th century. The highly dynamic longshore currents in the area altogether with still ongoing glacio-isostatic uplift played an important role in the process as well. The most active parts of the shore experienced advance of almost 100 m since 1908 to 2009. On the other hand, a small part of the coast retreated of about 20 m. Most of the study area experienced aggradation (65%), 30% of the coast was stable and about 5% of the coast has undergone minor retreat. The maximum aggradation rate of 0.96 m/year corresponds well with similar sites in the vicinity. Graphical Abstract
Sex differences in gray and white matter structure in age-matched unrelated males and females and opposite-sex siblings.

Apart from the general finding of larger global brain volumes in men, neuroimaging studies that compared brain structure between men and women have yielded some inconsistencies with regard to regional differences. One confound when comparing men and women may be differences in their genetic and or family background. A design that addresses such confounds compares brain structures between brothers and sisters, who share their genetic and family background. In the present study, we aimed to contribute to the existing literature on structural brain sex differences by comparing regional gray and white matter volume, using voxel based morphometry (VBM); and white matter microstructure, using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), between 40 unrelated males and females, and contrasting the results with those obtained in a group of 47 opposite-sex siblings, including 42 dizygotic opposite-sex (DOS) twin pairs. ” Our results showed that men had larger global brain volumes as well as higher mean fractional anisotropy across the brain and showed regionally enlarged gray matter volume and higher fractional anisotropy in, or surrounding, subcortical structures (hypothalamus, thalamus, putamen and globus pallidus and rostral midbrain). Increased gray matter volume in women was restricted to areas of the cortex, including inferior temporal, insular, cingulate, precentral and frontal/prefrontal regions. These sex differences were generally consistent between the unrelated male-female pairs and the opposite-sex sibling pairs. Therefore, we conclude that these sex differences are not the result of confounding differences in genetic or family background and that the etiology of these sex differences merits further investigation.
Assessing the impacts of the spring sensible heat flux over the Tibetan Plateau on Asian summer monsoon rainfall using observational and reanalysis data

The influence of the spring sensible heat flux (SHF) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on the Asian summer monsoon rainfall (ASMR) has been widely investigated. Previous efforts have mainly used the SHF at meteorological stations located over the central and eastern TP. The relationship between the SHF over the entire TP and the ASMR over a time period of two decades is poorly known. Based on observational and reanalysis datasets, we analysed the impact of SHF anomalies on the ASMR from 1984 to 2007. Lag correlation analysis showed that the May SHF and atmospheric heat source (AHS) anomalies over the TP can persist until June and June–July, respectively. Partial correlation analysis, which removed the effects of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), was performed. Summer rainfall in northern China and northern India were positively correlated with the late spring SHF, while in western India and southern China, it was negatively correlated. The mechanism of these associations was demonstrated by composite analysis of winds and water vapour transport in the years of anomalously high and low SHF over the TP. The results highlight the importance of the changes in the surface and atmospheric conditions in late spring over the TP, which exert a significant influence on the ASMR through sensible heat anomalies.
Mechanisms of Organic Matter Export in Estuaries with Contrasting Carbon Sources

Modifications in land use and climate will result in shifts in the magnitude and composition of organic matter (OM) transported from wetlands to coastal waters, but differentiation between riverine and wetland OM sources in coastal areas remains a challenge. Here, we evaluate particulate and dissolved OM export dynamics in two representative estuary geomorphologies—Apalachicola Bay (AP) and Barataria Bay (BB), characterized primarily by blackwater river inputs and high particle abundance, respectively. The magnitude and composition of OM exported from each estuary was evaluated based on seasonal measurements of surface water dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate nitrogen, the stable isotopic composition of DOC and POC, dissolved and particulate lignin phenols, and carbon‐normalized dissolved lignin‐phenol yields. Data and discriminant analyses support the initial hypothesis; AP is dominated by a more terrestrial source of OM due to importance of fluvial dissolved OM inputs, while BB is a more particle‐rich and wetland carbon‐dominated system. Total lignin export (sum of mean dissolved and mean particulate) was higher in BB (5.73 ± 2.50 × 105 kg/year) than in AP (4.21 ± 2.35 × 105 kg/year). Particulate lignin export from BB was greater than the export of dissolved lignin at either BB or AP, suggesting coastal marsh erosion may be driving this comparatively large export of particulate lignin. These data have important implications for the stability of stored OM in coastal habitats, particularly since such habitats in this region are highly vulnerable due to relative sea level rise.
AN AUDIT OF ACCURACY AND EFFICACY OF INJECTIONS FOR SUBACROMIAL IMPINGEMENT COMPARING CONSULTANT, REGISTRAR AND PHYSIOTHERAPIST

Aim: To audit the accuracy and efficacy of injections for subacromial impingement administered by our medical staff and specialist role physiotherapist. Methods: 49 patients presenting to the outpatient clinic with subacromial impingement agreed to take part in the study. They were allocated according to date of referral to either the consultant, the physiotherapist or registrar grade for injection via an anterior approach into the subacromial bursa. The therapeutic injection contained a specified volume of radiocontrast as well as depomedrone and lignocaine. Antero-posterior and scapula-Y radiographs were performed immediately after injection. The Constant shoulder score was evaluated before and at six weeks after injection and all radiographs were reviewed by an independent, blinded radiologist recording the position of contrast. Results: Accuracy rates of 67% through an anterior approach were obtained by both the consultant and the physiotherapist. At registrar level 48% accuracy was achieved. Improvement in shoulder score was obtained in 70% of patients with accurate injections, but additionally in 59% of patients with inaccurate injections. Only 7% of cases had contrast confined to the subacromial space; in the remainder, contrast tracked medially around the rotator cuff muscle bellies in 59%, gleno-humeral joint in 20% and within the cuff tendon in 16%. Conclusions: In our practice, the specialist physiotherapist already has an established role in administering therapeutic subacromial injections. Our audit demonstrates acceptable and equal accuracy to the consultant which we feel justifies this particular part of their role. However, at registrar grade the level of accuracy is reduced and most likely reflects inexperience, as over time accuracy improved. Interestingly, shoulder function scores have improved in over half of impingement patients with inaccurate injections which may reflect a generalised ‘field’ effect of steroid on the shoulder.
Correlation of osteoprotegerin gene G1181C polymorphisms with presence and severity of coronary artery disease in Chinese Han people in Shanghai

Objective To investigate the correlation of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of osteoprotegerin gene G1181C with coronary artery disease (CAD) and its severity. Methods A total of 368 patients with chest pain were enrolled in CAD group (n=222) and non-CAD group (n=146), respectively, according to the results of coronary arteriongraphy. Of the 222 CAD patients, 72 had one-vessel, 59 had two-vessel, 77 had three-vessel, and 14 had four-vessel diseases. The CAD patients were subdivided into acute coronary syndrome (ACS, n=156) and stable CAD (n=66) groups. The genomic DNA was extracted by dielectric purification assay. The gene fragment containing G1181C was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and then was detected by ligase detection reaction (LDR). Results There were no statistical diferences in genotype frequencies and gene distribution of G1181C between CAD group and non-CAD group, non-CAD group and ACS group, ACS group and stable CAD group, and non-CAD people and patients with different vessel diseases. Conclusion The osteoprotegerin gene G1181C polymorphisms are not associated with the presence and severity of CAD in Chinese Han people in Shanghai area. (Shanghai Med J, 2012, 35: 420-424)
Healing Children's Grief: Surviving a Parent's Death from Cancer

INTRODUCTION 1. Narrative: Mother, 3 year-old daughter 2. Childhood bereavement studies 3. Stages of the illness and child development 4. Study sample, intervention, bereavement model, methodology 5. Pre-school children 3-5 years of age: response variations 6. Narrative: Mother, 4 and 7 year old daughters 7. Children 6-8 years of age: response variations 8. Narratives: Mother, 7 year old son and 4 year old daughter. Father, 7 and 20 year old daughters 9. Children 9-11 years of age: response variations 10. Narratives: Father, 10 year old daughter. Mother, 7 and 11 year old daughters and a 10 year old son 11. Children 12-14 years of age: response variations 12. Narratives: Father, 12 year old daughter and 15 year old son. Mother, 12 year old son 13. Children 15-17 years of age: response variations 14. Narratives: Father, 13 and 16 year old daughters and 15 year old son. Mother, 16 year old daughter 15. Conclusion BIBLIOGRAPHY