Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
β-Lactamase Genes (blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM, blaOXA1 and blaOXA2) and Phylogenetic Groups in ESBL Producing Commensal Escherichia coli Isolated from Faecal Samples from Dairy Farm in the Municipality of Debar

Abstract β-lactamases are a diverse class of enzymes produced by bacteria that present a major cause for resistance to β-lactams. In this study we analysed 159 fecal samples from dairy cows, for the presence of presumptive ESBL, AmpC, and carbapenemase-producing E. coli. Phylotyping was done using Clermont phylo-typing method, targeting arpA, ChuA, and YjaA genes, along with the DNA fragment TspE4.C2. Convetional PCR method was used to confirm the presence of bla genes among 39 phenotypically confirmed ESBL producing E. coli. The results showed presence of CTX-M, SHV, TEM and OXA1 bla genes in 28 (71.79%), 1 (2.56%), 29 (74.35%), 2 (5.12%) of isolates, respectively Twenty (51.28%) isolates showed presence of both blaCTX-M and TEM genes. The strain that carried the blaSHV gene was found to carry blaTEM gene as well, while one of the strains that carried blaOXA1 gene was also carrying blaCTX-M and TEM gene. The ration between isolates and phylo-groups was as follows: 9 (23.07%) strains were assigned to phyllo-group D; 14 (35.89%) to phyllo-group B; 16 (41.02%) to phyllo-group A. Out of the 39 strains where bla genes were identified, 29 (74.35%) were categorized as multi drug resistant.
Dysregulated lncRNAs are involved in the progress of myocardial infarction by constructing regulatory networks

Abstract Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) mediate important epigenetic regulation in a wide range of biological processes. However, the effect of all dysregulated lncRNAs in myocardial infarction (MI) is not clear. Whole transcriptome sequencing analysis was used to characterize the dynamic changes in lncRNA and mRNA expression. A gene network was constructed, and genes were classified into different modules using WGCNA. In addition, for all dysregulated lncRNAs, gene ontology analysis and cis-regulatory analysis were applied. The results demonstrated that a large number of the differentially co-expressed genes were primarily linked to the immune system process, inflammatory response, and innate immune response. The functional pathway analysis of the MEblue module included immune system process and apoptosis, and MEbrown included the T-cell receptor signal pathway by WGCNA. In addition, through cis-acting analysis of lncRNA regulation, the cis-regulated mRNAs were mainly enriched in immune system processes, innate immune responses, and VEGF signal pathways. We found that lncRNA regulation of mRNAs plays an important role in immune and inflammatory pathways. Our study provides a foundation to further understand the role and potential mechanism of dysregulated lncRNAs in the regulation of MI, in which many of them could be potential targets for MI.
Fokker-Planck Solution for a Neuronal Spiking Model

The stochastic dynamics of a neuronal spiking model in neuroscience, when viewed as a large simulated network, are known to reduce to the classic problem of solving the Fokker-Planck equation, or the equivalent Kolmogorov differential equation in probability theory, for the numerical evaluation of the statistical properties of neurons as a random injection of ion currents. The problem here, however, is that the initial condition for the Fokker-Planck equation is a Dirac delta function so the actual implementation of Delta functions that at the same time can attain numerical stability can become problematic in computational neuroscience. Therefore, in this brief communication, a computational method for implementing such an initial condition is suggested, which itself has led to an exact solution for this problem.
Group actions on curves over arbitrary fields

This thesis consists of three parts. The common theme is finite group actions on algebraic curves defined over an arbitrary field k. In Part I we classify finite group actions on irreducible conic curves defined over k. Equivalently, we classify finite (constant) subgroups of SO(q) up to conjugacy, where q is a nondegenerate quadratic form of rank 3 defined over k. In the case where k is the field of complex numbers, these groups were classified by F. Klein at the end of the 19th century. In recent papers of A. Beauville and X. Faber, this classification is extended to the case where k is arbitrary, but q is split. We further extend their results by classifying finite subgroups of SO(q) for any base field k of characteristic 6= 2 and any nondegenerate ternary quadratic form q. In Part II we address the Hyperelliptic Lifting Problem (or HLP): Given a faithful G-action on P1 defined over k and an exact sequence 1 → μ2 → G′ → G → 1, determine the conditions for the existence of a hyperelliptic curve C/k endowed with a faithful G′-action that lifts the prescribed Gaction on the projective line. Alternatively, this problem may be regarded as the Galois embedding problem given by the surjection G′ G and the G-Galois extension k(P1)/k(P1)G. In this thesis, we find a complete solution to the HLP in characteristic 0 for every faithful group action on P1 and every exact sequence as above. In Part III we determine whether, given a finite group G and a base field k of characteristic 0, there exists a strongly incompressible G-curve defined over k. Recall that a G-curve is an algebraic curve endowed with the action of a finite group G. A faithful G-curve C is called strongly incompressible if every dominant G-equivariant rational map of C onto a faithful G-variety is birational. We prove that strongly incompressible G-curves exist if G cannot act faithfully on the projective line over k. On the other hand, if G does embed into PGL2 over k, we show that the existence of strongly incompressible G-curves depends on finer arithmetic properties of k.
Neurodiversity and talent measurement: Revisiting the basics

LeFevre-Levy et al. (2023) lay out a compelling argument in support of furthering research for navigating neurodiversity in organizational settings. We contend that one notable gap in this area is the development of evidenced-based practices for the effective identification, measurement, and use of job-relevant psychological constructs for staffing decisions. This gap is significant considering organizations currently bemoan a talent shortage or “ talent war
Don’t tell me what to do: Neurodiversity inclusion beyond the occupational typecasting

LeFevre-Levy et al. (2023) identify “ environmental niches, ” or occupation types best suited for autistic individuals and those with ADHD and dyslexia. Drawing on the existing research and popular media, LeFevre-Levy et al. suggest that autistic individuals are most likely to thrive in technical fields, individuals with ADHD are well suited for entrepreneurship
On the relationship between party polarization and citizen polarization

Do party policy offerings simply reflect public opinion or do parties shape public demand for policies? Theories of party position-taking and the operation of democracy expect parties to track their supporters’ positions, while scholarship of public opinion has shown voters often adopt the position of their preferred parties. We apply both of these theoretical expectations to the relationship between citizen polarization and party polarization and additionally argue that the relationship between them should be stronger among politically more engaged and sophisticated citizens. We draw on aggregated survey data from 174 cross-national and national election studies from 19 established democracies, to assess the extent to which citizen polarization responds to party polarization, the extent to which parties respond to changes in citizen polarization, and whether these relationships differ across different groups of citizens. We estimate seemingly unrelated error-correction models employing data on party and citizen positions from 1971 to 2019. Our findings suggest that citizen polarization follows party polarization and also that politically engaged and sophisticated citizens are more responsive to changes in party polarization than the politically less engaged and unsophisticated. In contrast, we find little evidence that party polarization responds to changes in citizen polarization.
First Radar Echoes and the Early ZDR History of Florida Cumulus

Abstract The early histories of radar echo and polarization differential reflectivity (ZDR) from growing cumulus clouds observed in Florida with a 10-cm-wavelength radar are reported in detail. Raindrops 1 to several millimeters in diameter are present at about cloud-base level in most cases as soon as any identifiable precipitation echo is seen within cloud (distinct from Bragg scattering and echo from cloud droplets). This is in most cases by the time of the first 10-dBZ radar echo aloft. The very early occurrence of large drops is consistent with origination directly from coalescence on ultragiant aerosol. However, they appear to exist so early and so low in the clouds as to be unexpected if the cumulus were single, vigorous thermals. The explanation may lie in the presence of a more gradual, very early cloud stage that is generally not observed in any detail. Simultaneous Ze and ZDR measurements in the early stages of developing, warm cumulus will provide a powerful test of understanding the onset of .
A framework for optimization using approximate functions

Population-based, stochastic, zero-order optimization methods (e.g. genetic and evolutionary algorithms) are a popular choice in solving intractable, real-life optimization problems. These methods are particularly attractive as they are easy to use and do not require assumptions about functional and slope continuities unlike some of its gradient-based counterparts. Despite their advantages, these methods require the evaluation of numerous candidate solutions, which is often computationally expensive and practically prohibitive. We introduce a framework for optimization using approximate functions. The optimization algorithm is a population-based, stochastic, zero-order, elite-preserving algorithm that makes use of approximate function evaluations in lieu of actual function evaluations. The approximate function is constructed using a radial basis function (RBF) network and the network is periodically retrained after a few generations unlike other models which create and use the same approximate model repeatedly without retraining. A scheme for controlled elitism is incorporated within the optimization framework to ensure convergence in the actual function space. The computational accuracy and efficiency of the proposed optimization framework is assessed using a set of five mathematical test functions. The results clearly indicate that the optimization framework using approximations is able to arrive at reasonably accurate results using only a fraction of actual functions evaluations.
Assimilation of Meteosat radiance data within the 4D‐Var system at ECMWF: Assimilation experiments and forecast impact

The direct assimilation of water vapour (WV) clear‐sky radiances (CSRs) from geostationary satellites within the ECMWF four‐dimensional variational assimilation (4D‐Var) became operational on 9 April 2002 with the assimilation of radiances from Meteosat‐7. To extend the coverage provided by geostationary radiances, the derivation of a similar CSR product from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites GOES‐W and GOES‐E was initiated and since 14 January 2003 these data have been operationally assimilated as well. This paper discusses results from the pre‐operational impact experiments using Meteosat‐7 and the subsequent operational implementation of the WV radiance assimilation. The pre‐operational data monitoring of the CSRs shows contamination of certain time slots caused by intruding solar stray light and a certain degree of cloud influence present in the CSR. Data quality control is introduced to exclude affected data. When assimilated, the Meteosat WV CSRs correct the upper‐tropospheric humidity field in areas of known model problems. While the analysis draws well to Meteosat data, the fit to other conventional observations does not degrade, and the fit to other satellite observations is noticeably improved. This is visible in statistics for the assimilated HIRS‐12 as well as for passive Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit B (AMSUB) radiances, both in the pre‐operational experiments and in the operational assimilation cycle. The impact on forecast quality is slightly positive to neutral for different areas of the globe. In some experiments a positive impact on upper‐level wind fields (around 200 hPa) is seen, especially in the tropics. A relatively large sensitivity is noted of the mean increments and also forecast scores to the bias correction. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society
Undernutrition and anaemia among Indian adolescents: role of dietary diversity and hygiene practices

Abstract In 2021, the Lancet Commission on adolescent nutrition highlighted the need to prioritise the elimination of adolescent malnutrition to tap the human capital potential and break the intergenerational malnutrition trap. The nutritional requirement during adolescence reaches its peak. The present study aims to appraise the prevalence of undernutrition (stunting and thinness) and anaemia among adolescents (10–19 years) in India and the role of socioeconomic, individual-level hygiene behaviour and dietary diversity in nutritional outcomes. We have used the nationally representative Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS-2016–18) that covers children and adolescents (0–19 years) in India. The prevalence of stunting, anaemia and thinness among adolescents was 27⋅2, 28⋅5 and 24⋅1 %, respectively. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were applied to estimate the likelihood of undernutrition. The likelihood of stunting was higher for late adolescence (OR 1⋅21, 95 % CI 1⋅15, 1⋅27), low dietary diversity (OR 1⋅37, 95 % CI 1⋅26, 1⋅49) and low hygiene behaviour compliance (OR 1⋅53, 95 % CI 1⋅42, 1⋅64). Adolescents from the poorest quintile were more likely to be stunted (OR 3⋅20, 95 % CI 2⋅94, 3⋅48), anaemic (OR 1⋅66, 95 % CI 1⋅47, 1⋅87) and thin (OR 1⋅68, 95 % CI 1⋅54, 1⋅82). We found that lower hygienic compliance was significantly associated with undernutrition and anaemia. Therefore, promoting hygienic practices should be emphasised to tackle undernutrition and anaemia. Furthermore, dietary diversity and poverty were strong predictors of stunting and thinness, therefore targeting the poor and focusing on improving dietary diversity should be the priority.
Modeling the wall shear stress in large-eddy simulation using graph neural networks

Abstract As the Reynolds number increases, the large-eddy simulation (LES) of complex flows becomes increasingly intractable because near-wall turbulent structures become increasingly small. Wall modeling reduces the computational requirements of LES by enabling the use of coarser cells at the walls. This paper presents a machine-learning methodology to develop data-driven wall-shear-stress models that can directly operate, a posteriori, on the unstructured grid of the simulation. The model architecture is based on graph neural networks. The model is trained on a database which includes fully developed boundary layers, adverse pressure gradients, separated boundary layers, and laminar–turbulent transition. The relevance of the trained model is verified a posteriori for the simulation of a channel flow, a backward-facing step and a linear blade cascade.
Playful work design: Conceptualization, measurement, and validity

In three different studies, we challenge the traditional view that work and play are mutually exclusive phenomena. We introduce the concept of playful work design – the proactive cognitive-behavioral orientation that employees engage in to incorporate play into their work activities to promote fun and challenge. In Study 1, we utilized expert-ratings and iterative exploratory factor analyses to develop an instrument that measures (1) designing fun and (2) designing competition. Additionally, Study 1 evidences the divergent and convergent validity of the subscales as well as their distinctiveness. Specifically, playful work design was indicative of proactivity as well as play, and designing fun especially correlated with ludic traits (i.e. traits focused on deriving fun; e.g. humor), whereas designing competition particularly correlated with agonistic traits (i.e. traits focused on deriving challenge; e.g. competitiveness). Study 2 cross-validated the two-factor structure, further investigated the nomological net of playful work design, and revealed that playful work design is distinct from job crafting. Finally, Study 3 examined the predictive and incremental validity of the playful work design instrument with self- and colleague-ratings two weeks apart. Taken together, the results suggest that the instrument may advance our understanding of play initiated by employees during work.
Neurodiversity in the workplace: Considering neuroatypicality as a form of diversity

Abstract Estimates suggest as much as 17% of the US workforce may be neuroatypical, a term used to describe individuals whose neurological functioning is at the tail ends of the distribution of naturally occurring variation. Although the neuroatypical population has a history of under- and unemployment, their inclusion in the modern workplace (i.e., promotion of neurodiversity within organizations) is gaining recognition by scholars and organizations as an important dimension of organizational diversity. Despite this burgeoning interest in examining neuroatypicality in the context of organizational diversity, surprisingly little research has been conducted that bridges these two research areas. The literature that does exist is scattered across several different academic disciplines, largely outside of industrial-organizational psychology, and rarely examines the employment of neuroatypical workers explicitly from a diversity perspective. In this article we argue that as the nature of work evolves and jobs continue to become more specialized, neurodiversity will become an increasingly relevant dimension of organizational diversity and is likely to play a key role both in terms of individual employees’ well-being and performance outcomes, as well as organizational success.
Will It Yield: Expectations on Automated Shuttle Bus Interactions With Pedestrians and Bicyclists

Autonomous vehicles that operate on public roads need to be predictable to others, including vulnerable road users. In this study, we asked participants to take the perspective of videotaped pedestrians and cyclists crossing paths with an automated shuttle bus, and to (1) judge whether the bus would stop safely in front of them and (2) report whether the bus's actual stopping behavior accorded with their expectations. The results show that participants expected the bus to brake safely in approximately two thirds of the human-vehicle interactions, more so to pedestrians than cyclists, and that they tended to underestimate rather than overestimate the bus's capability to yield in ways that they considered as safe. These findings have implications for the design and implementation of automated shuttle bus services.
Comparison of Attitudes Towards Robots of Different Population Samples in Norway

Acceptance of robots is known to be directly influenced by perceptions and attitudes potential users have of them. Particularly, negative attitudes can prevent that the implementations of robots unlock their full potential and ultimately fail if negative attitudes are not addressed. We employed the popular Negative Attitude Towards Robots Scale (NARS) across four different studies to assess how different populations in Norway perceive robots. All four included exposure to at least a robot. However, the setup of each individual study was different from the others. We summarized the results across study and made comparisons between the different samples. We also analyzed the effect of gender and age on attitude towards robots as measured by the NARS. The results indicate that there are significant differences between samples and that females score significantly higher than males, thus having a less favorable opinion of robots and potentially avoiding interaction with them. We touch upon possible explanations and implications of our results and highlight the need for more research into this topic.
Finite word length stability issues in an l1 framework

The paper addresses the digital controller structure problem for the closed loop stability of a feedback digital control system subject to finite word length (FWL). A new method of maximizing the stability subject to perturbations in the digital controller implementation is proposed. The approach is based on structured perturbation theory in an l1 framework, and unlike some previous approaches, can be simply extended to consider closed loop nominal performance and closed loop robust performance and stability. The method is demonstrated with application examples.
Perspectives on Moral Agency in Human-Robot Interaction

Establishing when, how, and why robots should be considered moral agents is key for advancing human-robot interaction. For instance, whether a robot is considered a moral agent has significant implications for how researchers, designers, and users can, should, and do make sense of robots and whether their agency in turn triggers social and moral cognitive and behavioral processes in humans. Robotic moral agency also has significant implications for how people should and do hold robots morally accountable, ascribe blame to them, develop trust in their actions, and determine when these robots wield moral influence. In this workshop on Perspectives on Moral Agency in Human-Robot Interaction, we plan to bring together participants who are interested in or have studied the topics concerning a robot's moral agency and its impact on human behavior. We intend to provide a platform for holding interdisciplinary discussions about (1) which elements should be considered to determine the moral agency of a robot, (2) how these elements can be measured, (3) how they can be realized computationally and applied to the robotic system, and (4) what societal impact is anticipated when moral agency is assigned to a robot. We encourage participants from diverse research fields, such as computer science, psychology, cognitive science, and philosophy, as well as participants from social groups marginalized in terms of gender, ethnicity, and culture.
Eye-Movement Dependency of Peripheral Visual Perception of Anthropomorphism Using an 80ms Robot Picture Stimulus

This paper investigates the impact of types of eye-movements (static vs. pursuit) on dimensions of perceived anthropomorphism of robots in the peripheral visual field (covert visual attention) in a strongly controlled video-based study design. It replicates a previous study with a contrasting refinement of using a short-term stimulus of only 80ms in order to avoid the effect of potential short direct saccades towards the stimulus. In a between-subjects design, test participants are told to follow a point target, which is either static at the screen center or moving linearly. The robot head picture is then briefly presented in the peripheral field of view region for 80ms. After stimulation, a questionnaire based on the HRIES scale on anthropomorphism is completed. Significant results show differences in anthropomorphism perception with the sociability sub-scale being affected. Other dimensions are not found to be affected, which may be subject to potential motion dependency or ambiguity of the other HRIES sub-scales. The findings may have an impact on task performance in close HRI, if a robot is only visible in the peripheral visual field and perceived covertly, while overt (foveated) visual attention of an interacting human focuses on tasks requiring hand or arm movements.