Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Surface Oil on Ocean Wind Stress

This study provides, to the best of our knowledge, the first detailed analysis of how surface oil modifies air–sea interactions in a two-way coupled model, i.e., the coupled–ocean–atmosphere–wave–sediment–transport (COAWST) model, modified to account for oil-related changes in air–sea fluxes. This study investigates the effects of oil on surface roughness, surface wind, surface and near-surface temperature differences, and boundary-layer stability and how those conditions ultimately affect surface stress. We first conducted twin-coupled modeling simulations with and without the influence of oil over the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill period (20 April to 5 May 2010) in the Gulf of Mexico. Then, we compared the results by using a modularized flux model with parameterizations selected to match those selected in the coupled model adapted to either ignore or account for different atmospheric/oceanic processes in calculating surface stress. When non-oil inputs to the bulk formula were treated as being unchanged by oil, the surface stress changes were always negative because of oil-related dampening of the surface roughness alone. However, the oil-related changes to 10 m wind speeds and boundary-layer stability were found to play a dominant role in surface stress changes relative to those due to the oil-related surface roughness changes, highlighting that most of the changes in surface stress were due to oil-related changes in wind speed and boundary-layer stability. Finally, the oil-related changes in surface stress due to the combined oil-related changes in surface roughness, surface wind, and boundary-layer stability were not large enough to have a major impact on the surface current and surface oil transport, indicating that the feedback from the surface oil to the surface oil movement itself is insignificant in forecasting surface oil transport unless the fractional oil coverage is much larger than the value found in this study.
Global Single-Cell Sequencing Landscape of Adipose Tissue of Different Anatomical Site Origin in Humans

Chronic refractory wounds (CRW) are one of the most serious clinical challenges for surgeons to address. Stromal vascular fraction gels (SVFG), including human adipose stem cells (hASCs), have excellent vascular regenerative and tissue repair properties. Here, we combined single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of leg subcutaneous adipose tissue samples with scRNA-seq data from abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, leg subcutaneous adipose tissue, and visceral adipose tissue samples from public databases. The results showed specific differences in cellular levels in adipose tissue from different anatomical site sources. We identified cells including CD4+ T cells, hASCs, adipocyte (APC), epithelial (Ep) cells, and preadipocyte. In particular, the dynamics between groups of hASCs, epithelial cells, APCs, and precursor cells in adipose tissue of different anatomical site origins were more significant. Furthermore, our analysis reveals alterations at the cellular level and molecular level, as well as the biological signaling pathways involved in these subpopulations of cells with specific alterations. In particular, certain subpopulations of hASCs have higher cell stemness, which may be related to lipogenic differentiation capacity and may be beneficial in promoting CRW treatment and healing. In general, our study captures a human single-cell transcriptome profile across adipose depots, the cell type identification and analysis of which may help dissect the function and role of cells with specific alterations present in adipose tissue and may provide new ideas and approaches for the treatment of CRW in the clinical setting.
Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Uptake Efficiency and Crop Productivity of Two-Rowed Barley under Different Crop Production Systems

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) constitute a ubiquitous group of soil microorganisms, affecting plant and soil microorganism growth. Various crop management practices can have a significant impact on the AM association. This study investigated the AMF inoculation contribution on growth and productivity of two-rowed barley crop by identifying the underlying mechanisms both in conventional and organic cropping systems. A two-year field trial was set up as a split-plot design with 2 main plots [AMF inoculation: with (AMF+) and without (AMF−)] and five sub-plots (fertilization regimes: untreated, 100% recommended dose of fertilizer in organic and inorganic form, and 60% recommended dose of fertilizer in organic and inorganic form) in three replications. According to the results, AMF+ plants presented higher plant height and leaf area index (LAI), resulting in increased biomass and, as a result, higher seed yield. With regard to the quality traits, including the nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and their utilization indices, the AMF inoculated plants showed higher values. Furthermore, the level of fertilization, particularly in an inorganic form, adversely affected AMF root colonization. Consequently, it was concluded that substitution of inorganic inputs by organic, as well as inputs reduction, when combined with AMF inoculation, can produce excellent results, thus making barley crop cultivation sustainable in Mediterranean climates.
Development of 3-D shear wave models using a multi-objective optimization scheme

Evidence of geologic activity still occurring in Rio Grande Rift (RGR) includes quaternary faulting, seismicity, and widening at a small rate. We map the crustal thickness and seismic velocity ratio to create crustal model cross sections that highlights the regional extension of the Southern Rio Grande Rift (SRGR). Specifically, we compute receiver functions and receiver function stacks for 147 USArray and previously collected data, and interpolate the crustal and velocity results using a kriging interpolation scheme. By incorporating gravity, magnetics, receiver functions, velocity models, and the interpretation of seismic reflection/refraction data, we produce a constrained crustal model that characterizes the evolution of the SRGR. In consequence, important questions related to tectonic and lithospheric activity of the Rio Grande Rift remain unresolved. To address some of these geological questions, we developed a 3D crust and upper mantle velocity model using a constrained optimization approach for joint inversion of surface wave and receiver functions. Our 3D models show a thin lower velocity crust anomaly along the southern east portion of the Rio Grande Rift, a persistent low velocity anomaly underneath the Colorado Plateau and Basin and Range province, and another one at depth beneath the Jemez lineament, at the southern RGR. Furthermore, to make the joint inversion process more robust, we use multi-objective optimization technique: namely, we repeatedly solve the joint inversion problem with different possible combinations of variances. From the mathematical viewpoint, such solutions form a Pareto front of the corresponding multi-objective optimization problem. If a certain geological feature is visible in all these solutions, then we can be confident that this feature is also present in the actual solution corresponding to the actual (unknown) values of the variances – i.e., that it is the feature of the actual Earth structure. We applied this more robust optimization technique to the Texas region and we also compared the structure of the upper mantle with other ancient and/or active rift systems within the Texas region.
Universality for Multi-terminal Problems via Spatial Coupling

Universality for Multi-terminal Problems via Spatial Coupling. (August 2012) Arvind Yedla, B.Tech., IIT Madras Co Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Henry P ster Dr. Krishna Narayanan Consider the problem of designing capacity-achieving codes for multi-terminal communication scenarios. For point-to-point communication problems, one can optimize a single code to approach capacity, but for multi-terminal problems this translates to optimizing a single code to perform well over the entire region of channel parameters. A coding scheme is called universal if it allows reliable communication over the entire achievable region promised by information theory. It was recently shown that terminated low-density parity-check convolutional codes (also known as. spatially-coupled low-density parity-check ensembles) have belief-propagation thresholds that approach their maximum a-posteriori thresholds. This phenomenon, called threshold saturation via spatial-coupling , was proven for binary erasure channels and then for binary memoryless symmetric channels. This approach provides us with a new paradigm for constructing capacity approaching codes. It was also conjectured that the principle of spatial coupling is very general and that the phenomenon of threshold saturation applies to a very broad class of graphical models. In this work, we consider a noisy Slepian-Wolf problem (with erasure and binary symmetric channel correlation models) and the binary-input Gaussian multiple access channel, which deal with correlation between sources and interference at the receiver
An Experimental Study Of The Dispersion Of ShortDuration Emissions In A Turbulent Boundary Layer

This paper describes a wind tunnel study of the behaviour of short duration emissions from a ground level source into a deep turbulent boundary layer. Ensemble averaged properties of the resulting clouds are compared with the predictions of similarity theory and the characteristic profile shapes of the alongwind, lateral and vertical mean concentration distributions are determined. Criteria for puff-like and plume-like behaviour are derived. The dependence of concentration fluctuations on position within a cloud, emission duration and time of travel is investigated.
Fatigue as a Cause of Professional Dissatisfaction Among Chinese Nurses in Intensive Care Unit During COVID-19 Pandemic

Aim To clarify the mediating role of burnout and the moderating role of turnover intention in the association between fatigue and job satisfaction among Chinese nurses in intensive care units (ICU) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional survey of fifteen provinces in China was conducted, using an online questionnaire, from December 2020 to January 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 374 ICU nurses (effective response rate: 71.37%) provided sufficient responses. Sociodemographic factors, job demographic factors, fatigue, burnout, job satisfaction, and turnover intention were assessed using questionnaires. General linear modeling (GLM), hierarchical linear regression (HLR) analysis, and generalized additive modeling (GAM) were performed to examine all the considered research hypotheses. Results Fatigue was found to be negatively and significantly associated with job satisfaction. Moreover, burnout played a partial mediating role and turnover intention played a moderating role in the relationship between fatigue and job satisfaction. Conclusion Over time, a state of physical and mental exhaustion and work weariness among Chinese ICU nurses potentially results in job burnout and consequently promotes the level of job dissatisfaction. The results also found that turnover intention played a moderating role in the relationship between burnout and job satisfaction. Specific policies could be considered to eliminate nurses’ fatigue and negative attitudes during times of public health emergencies.
A Realistic Approach Towards Attaining Sustainable Environment Through Improved Public Participation in Nigeria

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the critical need for effective public participation in Nigeria as a means of enhancing sustainable development and cooperation among Indigenous peoples, as well as to advocate for the removal of legislative, judicial, and administrative barriers to participation in environmental law governance. Theoretical Framework: The existing literature has failed to address the gamut of legal, regulatory, and declarations (particularly Principle 10 of Rio 1992) and administrative frameworks for environmental protection and governance in Nigeria. These appeared to be a farce, hence the refusal to integrate the public and stakeholders’ opinions in environmental management that may conflict with official government policy. Design/Methodology/Approach: The doctrinal method of analysis was adopted. It was based on current materials and drew on contrasting views of learned authors and scholars, as well as various legislative sources. Data was obtained using texts, articles, journals, case law, electronic sources, legislation, and other policy documents. Findings: The results shows how the present legal and regulatory framework for the protection of the environment in Nigeria contradicts the concept of improved public participation. Research, Practical & Social implications: The study suggest the development of an effective legislative framework that incorporates the guiding principles of global public participation initiatives for environmental sustainability. Originality/Value: The value of the study reveals the global significance and the potential of public participation to improve the sustainability of the environment in Nigeria are essential to advancing the status of Principle 10 of the Rio Declaration as an emergent customary international law.
To use or not to use ChatGPT in higher education? A study of students’ acceptance and use of technology

ChatGPT is an AI tool that assisted in writing, learning, solving assessments and could do so in a conversational way. The purpose of the study was to develop a model that examined the predictors of adoption and use of ChatGPT among higher education students. The proposed model was based on a previous theory of technology adoption. Seven predictors were selected to build a model that predicted the behavioral intention and use behavior of ChatGPT. The partial-least squares method of structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. The model was found to be reliable and valid, and the results were based on a self-reported data of 534 students from a Polish state university. Nine out of ten proposed hypotheses were con ﬁ rmed by the results. Habit was found to be the best predictor of behavioral intention, followed by performance expectancy and hedonic motivation. The dominant determinant of use behavior was behavioral intention, followed by personal innovativeness. The research highlighted the need for further examination of how AI tools could be adopted in learning and teaching.
Aminoglycosides for the Treatment of Severe Infection Due to Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens

Aminoglycosides are a family of rapidly bactericidal antibiotics that often remain active against resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Over the past decade, their use in critically ill patients has been refined; however, due to their renal and cochleovestibular toxicity, their indications in the treatment of sepsis and septic shock have been gradually reduced. This article reviews the spectrum of activity, mode of action, and methods for optimizing the efficacy of aminoglycosides. We discuss the current indications for aminoglycosides, with an emphasis on multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, such as extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales, carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Additionally, we review the evidence for the use of nebulized aminoglycosides.
Block designs admitting an automorphism group with an alternating socle.

The transitivity of the automorphism group of a 2-(v,k,1) design heavily restricts the structure of the design. Buekenhout et al. determined almost all possible 2-(v,k,1) designs, of which the automorphism group act flag-transitively on them. After that people devote their attention to the designs with block-transitive automorphism groups. It is proved that if the automorphism group G of a 2-(v,k,1) design D acts block-transitively and point-primitively on D and the socle of G is an alternation group, then D is the projective geometry of dimension 3 over GF(2) and G≌A 7 or A 8.
Event-Triggered Reverse Attacks on Remote State Estimation

Security issues in cyber–physical systems have attracted increasing attention in recent years. In this article, a security problem in a remote estimation application is considered, where an attacker tries to degrade estimation performance via malicious attacks. In our scenario, a smart sensor transmits its innovation to a remote estimator with a residue-based false data detector. Instead of assuming that the attacker launches a consecutive man-in-the-middle attack, we consider the case with intermittent attacks. Reverse attack is a simple attack strategy, which enables an attacker to change signs of the innovation sequences. Therefore, owing to the abovementioned reasons, an event-triggered reverse attack strategy is proposed to degrade the system performance. First, the stealthiness of the event-triggered linear deception attack strategy is studied. Then, the evolution of the estimation error covariance is computed and the reverse attack is proven to be the optimal linear deception attack. We demonstrate that our event-triggered reverse attack is more destructive than a random reverse attack. Furthermore, a convex optimization problem is established to design event-triggered parameters. Comparisons of attack strategies are provided in a numerical example to validate the superiority of the reverse attack.
Community College Student Success in Developmental Mathematics Courses: a Comparison of Four Instructional Methods

The student success rates for three developmental mathematics courses (prealgebra, elementary algebra, and intermediate algebra) taught through four instructional methods (lecture, personalized system of instruction [PSI], hybrid, and online) were examined. The sample consisted of 9,211 students enrolled in a large Texas community college from fall 2009 through spring 2011. Student success was defined as a grade of C or better. Chi-square tests were used to compare the three developmental mathematics courses success rates. Statistically significant differences in student success were found between all four methods of instruction for all three mathematics courses (prealgebra: χ2 [df = 3] = 107.90, p < 0.001; elementary algebra: χ2 [df = 3] = 88.39, p < 0.001; intermediate algebra χ2 [df = 3] = 254.18, p < 0.001). Binary logistic regression modeling was used to determine to what extent age, gender, ethnicity, residency, Pell eligibility and mode of instruction accounted for the community college students’ course success for each of the three developmental mathematics courses. For prealgebra, the independent variables of gender, race, age, residency, and mode of instruction made statistically significant contributions to the model (χ2 [df = 14, n = 1,743] = 159.196, p < .001; Nagelkerke R2 = .119), with greater success among female, White, younger, out of country students taking the course through lecture. For elementary algebra, the independent variables of race, age, residency, and mode of instruction made statistically significant contributions to the logistic regression model (χ2 [df = 14, n = 2,731] = 816.223, p < .001; Nagelkerke R2 = .358), with greater success among , younger, out of country students taking the course through lecture, hybrid or PSI. For intermediate algebra, only race and Pell eligibility made a statistically significant contribution to the logistic regression, with greater success among White, Pell-eligible students, and mode of instruction did not contribute significantly to the model (χ2 [df = 14, n = 3,936] = 53.992, p < .001; Nagelkerke R2 = .019). Recommendations for research and implications for practice are provided.
Characterizations of Lie-skew multiplicative maps on operator algebras of indefinite inner product spaces

Let H and K be inde¯nite inner product spaces. In this paper, we show that a bijective map © : B(H) ! B(K) satis¯es ©(AB i BAy) = ©(A)©(B) i ©(B)©(A)y for every pair A;B 2 B(H) if and only if there exist a unitary or conjugate unitary operator U 2 B(H;K) such that ©(A) = UAU y for all A 2 B(H).
Chemically bonded multi-nanolayer inorganic aerogel with a record-low thermal conductivity in a vacuum

ABSTRACT Inorganic aerogels have exhibited many superior characteristics with extensive applications, but are still plagued by a nearly century-old tradeoff between their mechanical and thermal properties. When reducing thermal conductivity by ultralow density, inorganic aerogels generally suffer from large fragility due to their brittle nature or weak joint crosslinking, while enhancing the mechanical robustness by material design and structural engineering, they easily sacrifice thermal insulation and stability. Here, we report a chemically bonded multi-nanolayer design and synthesis of a graphene/amorphous boron nitride aerogel to address this typical tradeoff to further enhance mechanical and thermal properties. Attributed to the chemically bonded interface and coupled toughening effect, our aerogels display a low density of 0.8 mg cm−3 with ultrahigh flexibility (elastic compressive strain up to 99% and bending strain up to 90%), and exceptional thermostability (strength degradation <3% after sharp thermal shocks), as well as the lowest thermal conductivities in a vacuum (only 1.57 mW m−1 K−1 at room temperature and 10.39 mW m−1 K−1 at 500°C) among solid materials to date. This unique combination of mechanical and thermal properties offers an attractive material system for thermal superinsulation at extreme conditions.
A multilook average fluctuation function method for Interferometic Sythetic Aperture Sonar image registration

Based on average fluctuations function of phase difference images,a registration method of multilooking images is proposed in this paper.In this method,multilooking average processing is performed to the two images to be registrated,then average fluctuation functions of the phase difference are calculated acoording to interference patterns.It restrains the multi-peak phenomenon,improves both precision and efficiency,and it doesn't inherit the resolution fall from multilook processing.Its ability is proven by results from INSAS lake-trial. The interferometry after flat earth removal is clear and reflects real terrain well.
The Role of NETosis and Complement Activation in COVID-19-Associated Coagulopathies

Inflammation-induced coagulopathy is a common complication associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aim to evaluate the association of NETosis and complement markers with each other as well as their association with thrombogenicity and disease severity in COVID-19. The study included hospitalized patients with an acute respiratory infection: patients with SARS-CoV2 infection (COVpos, n = 47) or either pneumonia or infection-triggered acute exacerbated COPD (COVneg, n = 36). Our results show that NETosis, coagulation, and platelets, as well as complement markers, were significantly increased in COVpos patients, especially in severely ill COVpos patients. NETosis marker MPO/DNA complexes correlated with coagulation, platelet, and complement markers only in COVpos. Severely ill COVpos patients showed an association between complement C3 and SOFA (R = 0.48; p ≤ 0.028), C5 and SOFA (R = 0.46; p ≤ 0.038), and C5b-9 and SOFA (R = 0.44; p ≤ 0.046). This study provides further evidence that NETosis and the complement system are key players in COVID-19 inflammation and clinical severity. Unlike previous studies that found NETosis and complement markers to be elevated in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls, our findings show that this characteristic distinguishes COVID-19 from other pulmonary infectious diseases. Based on our results, we propose that COVID-19 patients at high risk for immunothrombosis could be identified via elevated complement markers such as C5.