Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Fracture Behaviors of Metallic Glasses—An Overview

Fracture properties are crucial for the applications of structural materials. The fracture behaviors of crystalline alloys have been systematically investigated and well understood. The fracture behaviors of metallic glasses (MGs) are quite different from that of conventional crystalline alloys and have drawn wide interests. Although a few reviews on the fracture and mechanical properties of metallic glasses have been published, an overview on how and why metallic glasses fall out of the scope of the conventional fracture mechanics is still needed. This article attempts to clarify the up-to-date understanding of the question. We review the fracture behaviors of metallic glasses with the related scientific issues including the mode I fracture, brittle fracture, super ductile fracture, impact toughness, and fatigue fracture behaviors. The complex fracture mechanism of MGs is further discussed from the perspectives of discontinuous stress/strain field, plastic zone, and fracture resistance, which deviate from the classic fracture mechanics in polycrystalline alloys. Due to the special deformation mechanism, metallic glasses show a high variability in fracture toughness and other mechanical properties. The outlook presented by this review could help the further studies of metallic glasses. The review also identifies some key questions to be answered.
EFFECT OF DIETARY VIRGIN OLIVE OIL ON INFARCT VOLUME AND BRAIN CERAMIDE, CEREBROSIDE AND PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE LEVELS IN RAT STROKE MODEL

زمینه و هدف: سکته مغزی سومین عامل مرگ و میر در کشورهای صنعتی بعد از بیماری های قلبی- عروقی و سرطان است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی ارتباط بین اثر روغن زیتون بکر بر سطح لیپیدهای مغزی و کاهش حجم سکته مغزی در مدل سکته مغزی موش صحرایی انجام گرفت. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی از 5 گروه 12 تایی موش صحرایی نر استفاده شد. این گروه ها شامل کنترل، شم و سه گروه آزمایشی بودند که دوزهای 25/0، 5/0 و 75/0 میلی لیتر بر کیلوگرم وزن بدن روغن زیتون بکر را به صورت خوراکی از طریق گاواژ به مدت 30 روز دریافت نمودند. دو گروه کنترل و شم آب مقطر دریافت کردند. دو ساعت بعد از آخرین دوز گاواژ شده هر گروه 12 تایی به دو زیر گروه تقسیم شدند. زیر گروه (middle cerebral artery occlusion)MCAO، به منظور اندازه گیری حجم سکته مغزی و زیر گروه دیگر برای آنالیز لیپیدهای مغزی استفاده شد. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون های ANOVA و تست تعقیبی LSDو آزمون ضریب همبستگی پیرسون تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته ها: پیش تیمار با روغن زیتون بکر خوراکی با دوز 5/0 و 75/0 میلی لیتر بر کیلوگرم در روز باعث افزایش سطح فسفاتیدیل کولین بافت مغز گردید (05/0P
Global Transportation Demand Development with Impacts on the Energy Demand and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in a Climate-Constrained World

The pivotal target of the Paris Agreement is to keep temperature rise well below 2 °C above the pre-industrial level and pursue efforts to limit temperature rise to 1.5 °C. To meet this target, all energy-consuming sectors, including the transport sector, need to be restructured. The transport sector accounted for 19% of the global final energy demand in 2015, of which the vast majority was supplied by fossil fuels (around 31,080 TWh). Fossil-fuel consumption leads to greenhouse gas emissions, which accounted for about 8260 MtCO2eq from the transport sector in 2015. This paper examines the transportation demand that can be expected and how alternative transportation technologies along with new sustainable energy sources can impact the energy demand and emissions trend in the transport sector until 2050. Battery-electric vehicles and fuel-cell electric vehicles are the two most promising technologies for the future on roads. Electric ships and airplanes for shorter distances and hydrogen-based synthetic fuels for longer distances may appear around 2030 onwards to reduce the emissions from the marine and aviation transport modes. The rail mode will remain the least energy-demanding, compared to other transport modes. An ambitious scenario for achieving zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 is applied, also demonstrating the very high relevance of direct and indirect electrification of the transport sector. Fossil-fuel demand can be reduced to zero by 2050; however, the electricity demand is projected to rise from 125 TWhel in 2015 to about 51,610 TWhel in 2050, substantially driven by indirect electricity demand for the production of synthetic fuels. While the transportation demand roughly triples from 2015 to 2050, substantial efficiency gains enable an almost stable final energy demand for the transport sector, as a consequence of broad electrification. The overall well-to-wheel efficiency in the transport sector increases from 26% in 2015 to 39% in 2050, resulting in a respective reduction of overall losses from primary energy to mechanical energy in vehicles. Power-to-fuels needed mainly for marine and aviation transport is not a significant burden for overall transport sector efficiency. The primary energy base of the transport sector switches in the next decades from fossil resources to renewable electricity, driven by higher efficiency and sustainability.
Control of the Sit-To-Stand Transfer of a Biped Robotic Device for Postural Rehabilitation

This paper deals with the control of the sit-to-stand transfer of a biped robotic device (either an autonomous biped robot or a haptic assistive exoskeleton for postural rehabilitation). The control has been synthesized, instead of considering the physiology, analyzing the basic laws of dynamics. The transfer of a human from sitting on a chair to an erect posture is an interesting case study, because it treats biped balance in a two-phase dynamic setting, with an external force disturbance (the chair–pelvis contact) affecting the center of pressure under the feet. At the beginning, a body is sitting, with a fixed pelvis moving with the hips going toward the supporting feet and, contemporaneously, releasing the load from the chair with ankles and knee torques. Then, after lift-off, it reaches and maintains an erect posture. The paper objectives are threefold: identifying the major dynamical determinants of the exercise; sythesizing an automatic control for an autonomous device; proposing an innovative approach for the rehabilitation process with an exoskeleton. For this last objective, the paper extends the idea of the authors of a haptic exoskeleton for rehabilitation. It is driven to control the joints by electromiographical signals from the patient. The two spaces, cartesian (world) and joint, where, respectively, the automatic control and the patient operate, are considered and a technique to blend the two actions is proposed. The exoskeleton is programed to perform the exercise autonomously. Then, during the evolution of the phases of rehabilitation, we postulated to seamlessly move the control from one space (purely autonomous) to another (completely driven by the patient), choosing and keeping the postural tasks and joints (heaps, knees, or ankles) on which to apply each one of the two actions without interaction.
Rational use of medicines

1. Irrational use of medicines is an extremely serious global problem that is wasteful and harmful. In developing and transitional countries, in primary care less than 40% of patients in the public sector and 30% of patients in the private sector are treated in accordance with standard treatment guidelines; 2. Antibiotics are misused and over-used in all regions. In Europe, some countries are using three times the amount of antibiotics per head of population compared to other countries with similar disease profiles. In developing and transitional countries, while only 70% of pneumonia cases receive an appropriate antibiotic, about half of all acute viral upper respiratory tract infection and viral diarrhoea cases receive antibiotics inappropriately; 3. Patient adherence to treatment regimes is about 50% worldwide and lower in developing and transitional countries, where up to 50% of all dispensing events are inadequate (in terms of instructing patients and/or labelling dispensed medicines); 4. Harmful consequences of irrational use of medicines include unnecessary adverse medicines events, rapidly increasing antimicrobial resistance (due to over-use of antibiotics) and the spread of blood-borne infections such as HIV and hepatitis B/C (due to unsterile injections) all of which cause serious morbidity and mortality and cost billions of dollars per year; 5. Effective interventions to improve use of medicines are generally multi-faceted. They include provider and consumer education with supervision, group process strategies (such as peer review and self-monitoring), community case management (where community members are trained to treat childhood illness in their communities and provided with medicines and supervision to do it) and essential medicines programmes with an essential medicine supply element. Printed materials alone have little effect and for guidelines to be effective they need to be accompanied by reminders, educational outreach and feedback; 6. Less than half of all countries are implementing many of the basic policies needed to ensure appropriate use of medicines, such as regular monitoring of use, regular updating of clinical guidelines and having a medicine information centre for prescribers or drug (medicine) and therapeutics committees in most of their hospitals or regions; 7. The second International Conference on Improving Use of Medicines in 2004 and World Health Assembly Resolution WHA60.16 in 2007 recognized the difficulty of promoting rational use of medicines in fragmented health systems. They recommend a cross-cutting health system approach and the establishment of national programmes to promote rational use of medicines, which would require much more investment than governments and donors have so far been willing to give. (aut.ref.)
A Dual-Wavelength Scheme for Brillouin Temperature Sensing in Optically Heated Co2+-Doped Fibers

In this paper, we propose the use of a dual wavelength scheme for active distributed temperature sensing based on Co2+-doped fibers. A Brillouin Optical Frequency-Domain Analysis (BOFDA) set-up, operating at 850 nm, is used to detect the temperature changes along Co2+-doped optical fibers with various absorption coefficients, while optical heating is performed through a 1550-nm optical pump. A simple model describing optical heating along the Co2+-doped fiber is introduced and experimentally validated. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that the sensor is capable to distinguish a 1-m portion of fiber immersed into water, from a section of equal length surrounded by air.
Aerodynamic study of the corrugated airfoil at ultra-low Reynolds number

In this study, Aeshna cyanea dragonfly forewing mid-cross-section corrugated airfoil was simulated at ultra-low Reynolds number. The corrugated airfoil was compared with its smooth counterpart to study the effect of the corrugations upon the aerodynamic performance. Unsteady two-dimensional laminar flow was solved using FLUENT. This study was divided into gliding phase and flapping phase. In the gliding phase, the corrugated airfoil produced a higher lift force with respect to the profiled airfoil at both tested Reynolds numbers ( 1400 , 200 ) with comparable drag coefficient for all the tested angles of attack. In the flapping phase, both the corrugated airfoil and the flat-plate have a very similar flow behavior which yields a very similar aerodynamic performance at Re = 1400 . A structural analysis was performed to compare the corrugated airfoil with the flat-plate. The analysis revealed the superiority of the corrugated airfoil over the flat-plate in decreasing the deflection under the applied load. The reduced frequency was varied to study its impact on the aerodynamic performance. By increasing the reduced frequency, the thrust and the lift forces increased by 82 % and 75 %, respectively. Any increase in the reduced frequency will increase lift and thrust forces, but the propulsive efficiency will deteriorate.
Vocational Career Center as the Bridge between Industry and Vocational High School Graduates

Preliminary study in Trenggalek city showed that there was a mismatch between the students’ skills learned at vocational high schools with their fields of work. It indicated that the role of vocational career center as a mediator between school and industry have not maximally yet. This study aimed to (1) describe how the vocational career center do its jobdesk, (2) categorize its performance, and (3) find the deficiency from the implementation of a career center in vocational high schools. The data analysis used a descriptive analysis from both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The result of study showed that the jobdesk of career center were collecting graduates databases, grouping the students who want to look for a job or study to higher education, and facilitating the students and world of work in the labour recruitment process. The performance of career center in Trenggalek Regency was good. From some predictors, those were job vacancy information, cooperation with world of work, alumni networking, data collection, communication between alumni, and alumni contribution, the career center’s aspect that need to be upgraded was the cooperation with the world of work.
Young People's Feelings About Drugs

This paper presents thefindings of a study which involved the collection of qualitative data through a series of focus groups with young people aged 14-16. The aim of the study, as presented, was to explore the feelings 'that young people themselves express, about the use of illegal drugs, along with reasons that they give as to why young people might fake suck drugs. Thefindings suggest that there is a general acceptance of 'soft' drug use by young people, alongside a degree offiitalism in accepting this by those who believe drug use to be wrong. Familiarization with drugs would appear to be an important factor in shaping young people's views of drugs, along with a belief, to some extent, that individuals have the right to choose for themselves about using drugs.
Wavelet‐based real‐time stator fault detection of inverter‐fed induction motor

This work proposes a novel real-time detection scheme for incipient stator inter-turn short circuit fault in voltage sources inverter-fed induction machines. Both non-sinusoidal input voltage and the short circuit fault causes harmonics in the motor stator current and these combined harmonic components complicate the spectral analysis-based diagnosis in inverter-fed motors. Aim of the analysis is to identify the effect of inverter fundamental/switching frequency on early detection and classification of the inter-turn fault. Discrete wavelet transform based analysis is performed on stator current using daubechies1 wavelet and statistical parameter L2 norm has been computed for the detailed and approximate coefficients at different decomposition levels to obtain the most precise feature of fault. Support vector machine-based learning algorithm is used for the accurate classification of the incipient fault. The proposed method is independent of switching and fundamental frequency, the modulation index and mechanical load. Real-time detection is possible even with infinitesimal fault current of 350 mA by the proposed method. The competency of the proposed algorithm is validated using simulation and verified by hardware with VSI-fed induction motor drive.
Differences in perceptions of functional foods: UK public vs. nutritionists

Summary As concepts in nutrition move towards emphasising the use of foods to promote better health and to help reduce the risk of disease, a new generation of functional food products has emerged. Nutritionists play a key role in educating the public on matters regarding diet and health. Therefore, they need to understand consumers’ attitudes to ensure their work is effective. This study aims to explore consumers’ and nutritionists’ perceptions of this relatively new area of nutrition using a psychometric questionnaire, adapted from Fife-Schaw and Rowe (1996), to quantify attitudes towards five types of functional foods. The questionnaire was administered to 331 members of the British public (40% response rate) and a random sample of 199 members of the Nutrition Society (58% response rate). Perceptions held by the two groups were compared. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was carried out to highlight underlying components revealed by the questionnaire. The most extreme differences in responses were evident on three issues: the ability to tell if functional foods were about to be consumed; who should take responsibility for informing consumers about the health effects; and understanding of functional foods. Nutritionists believed they had a greater understanding of functional foods and found it easier to tell if the foods they ate contained a functional component. Consumers had a stronger belief that it is the food manufacturers’ responsibility to provide information about functional foods. Using PCA to identify components of importance to each group confirmed differences in perceptions. For the consumer group worry and benefit were the most prominent components. For nutritionists, components relating to control and responsibility were most apparent. As consumers are more willing to look to food manufacturers than the government for information regarding these new foods, the importance of appropriate food labelling and legislation on health claims is of increasing importance. The differences in perceptions will be of interest to the different stakeholders involved in the provision of information to consumers, and should be used to ensure that appropriate messages and channels of communication are used in the development of this new branch of nutritional science.
EFEKTIVITAS PESAN BAHAYA ROKOK PADA BUNGKUS ROKOK TERHADAP PERILAKU MEROKOK MASYARAKAT MISKIN

Abstract Smoking prevalence in the low income family is higher than the richest. In Indonesia, amount 63% from 19 million low income family are smoker. If they smoke 10 pieces of cigaretes everyday, so they spare Rp 23 billion every year for cigarette expenditure (Sujai, 2009). They still smoke although there is text health warning on the packaging of cigarette (“Cigarettes causing cancer, hypertension, heart attack, impotence, harms baby and pregnancy”). The purpose of this study is to know the effectiveness of text health warning on the cigarettes’ packaging. This study is descriptive research using kuantitatif and kualitatif method. To identify the characteristic of low income family, smoking behavior, awareness, knowledge, liking by structured questionnaire’s interviews. To know what they want about health warning on the cigarettes’ packaging by indept interview. There were 40 informan. The result showed 1) Informan recognized cigarettes impact from the text health warning on the cigarettes’ packaging. Although they knew the cigarettes’ impact, but they can’t mention the text health warning completely and truly. 2) The text health warning can’t promote the informan’s knowledge about cigarettes substances and cigarettes impact. 3) Almost all of informan have no fear feeling while read the text health warning on the cigarettes’ packaging. It can be concluded that the text health warning on the cigarettes’ packaging do not effectively promote knowledge and preventive behavior yet. Keywords smoking, cigarette, low income family, cigarrettes packaging
Mental Health Referral in Primary Care: Influence of a Screening Instrument and a Brief Educational Intervention

Mental Health Referral in Primary Care: Influence of a Screening Instrument and a Brief Educational Intervention by Michael Miesner Although less than half of all patients with mental disorders seek mental health treatment per se, approximately 80% of all people will visit their primary care physician (PCPs) within a year (Strosahl, 1998). However, it is not well understood how to best handle patients presenting with mental health issues in primary care practices. The purpose of this project was to implement an intervention involving a screening measure for anxiety and mood disorders in a primary care setting to increase the volume of anxiety and mood disorder screening, to increase the accuracy of disorder detection, and to also enhance PCPs patterns of referral to mental health professionals (MHPs). Though starting with a quantitative design, difficulties encountered throughout the project eventually led to a largely qualitative analysis, which did yield useful information. A pilot project demonstrated anxiety and mood disorders were commonly noted in patients’ medical charts (46%), but also found referrals were rarely made for mental health services (7%), despite colocation of a licensed psychologist and licensed clinical social worker within the practice. This indicated that services available to provide comprehensive integrated total health care may not be have been used to their full potential.
Best Practices in Teaching Unit Ops: the “Field Session” Lab Experience at the Colorado School of Mines

Michael D. M. Barankin is a Teaching Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering at the Colorado School of Mines. Dr. Barankin received his B.S. and Ph.D. from the University of CA, Los Angeles in 2002 and 2009, respectively; and he received his M.S., graduating with honors, from the Technical University in Delft, the Netherlands (TU Delft) in 2004. After a post-doctoral appointment at TU Delft through 2011, Dr. Barankin was a lecturer at the Hanze University of Applied Sciences in Groningen, where he taught both in Dutch and in English. During this time his primary teaching and course development responsibilities were wide-ranging, but included running the Unit Operations laboratory, introducing Aspen Plus software to the curriculum, and developing a course for a new M.S. program on Renewable Energy (EUREC). In conjunction with his teaching appointment, he supervised dozens of internships (a part of the curriculum at the Hanze), and a number of undergraduate research projects with the Energy Knowledge Center (EKC) as well as a master’s thesis. In 2016, Dr. Barankin returned to the US to teach at the Colorado School of Mines. His primary teaching and course development responsibilities here include the Unit Operations Lab and Senior Design (including Aspen), among other undergraduate core courses. His research interests include digital & online methods in engineering education.
Spot Network Operation With an Induction Generator

Distributed resources are connected to low-voltage distribution systems for various reasons, including energy savings, demand reduction, sale of energy or capacity, and providing a backup power source if supply from the utility system is lost. A spot network is one type of distribution system that presents some special problems for connecting a distributed resource. A sample spot network system is analyzed to show the effects of operating an induction generator. Induction generator reactive power requirements, configuration of the turbine generator controls, network relay trip and close characteristics, and external tapped loads all affect operation of the network. The analysis identifies areas of concern when connecting an induction generator to a spot network and suggests ways to configure the control system and network relays to ensure the spot network operates normally. This article reviews a two-unit spot network, but the concepts and analysis can be applied to larger spot networks and other types of distributed resources.