Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Socio-hydrologic data assimilation: Analyzing human-flood interactions by model-data integration

Abstract. In socio-hydrology, human-water interactions are simulated by mathematical models. Although the integration of these socio-hydrologic models and observation data is necessary to improve the understanding of the human-water interactions, the methodological development of the model-data integration in socio-hydrology is in its infancy. Here we propose to apply sequential data assimilation, which has been widely used in geoscience, to a socio-hydrological model. We developed particle filtering for a widely adopted flood risk model and performed an idealized observation system simulation experiment to demonstrate the potential of the sequential data assimilation in socio-hydrology. In this experiment, the flood risk model's parameters, the input forcing data, and empirical social data were assumed to be somewhat imperfect. We tested if data assimilation can contribute to accurately reconstructing the historical human-flood interactions by integrating these imperfect models and imperfect and sparsely distributed data. Our results highlight that it is important to sequentially constrain both state variables and parameters when the input forcing is uncertain. Our proposed method can accurately estimate the model's unknown parameters even if the true model parameter temporally varies. The small amount of empirical data can significantly improve the simulation skill of the flood risk model. Therefore, sequential data assimilation is useful to reconstruct historical socio-hydrological processes by the synergistic effect of models and data.
TO STUDY THE CLINICAL SPECTRUM AND HAEMATOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES IN PATIENTS OF MACROCYTIC ANAEMIA

BACKGROUND: Folate and vitamin12 deficiency have been known to cause megaloblastic anaemia. Megaloblastic anaemia is not uncommon in India, but data are insufficient regarding its prevalence, causative factors and precipitating factors. AIMS & OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinico-haematological profile in patients of macrocytic anaemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the present study, 50 patients of >20years of age with hemoglobin <10g/dl, Mean corpuscular volume > 95 fl and PBF showing macrocytosis and pancytopenia were included. Detailed history with clinical examination was performed and investigations (Bone Marrow aspiration, Serum Folate and cobalamin assays) were carried out. RESULTS: The peak incidence of megaloblastic anaemia was in the age group of 41-50 years (48%), with male preponderance (71%). (The predominant symptoms were fatigue (54%) followed by low grade fever (52%), breathlessness (50%), and mild jaundice (22%.) (Physicalfindingswere pallor (88%), hepatomegaly (80%), knuckle hyperpigmentation (68%), glossitis (50%), peripheral neuropathy (28%) and mild icterus was the least common finding in 22% of patients. 64% patients of macrocytic anaemia were found to be lactovegetarian. Cobalamin deficiency was present in maximum patients (50%), followed by combined cobalamin and folate deficiency in 34% and folate deficiency in 16% of patients. Bonemarrowsmears revealed megaloblastic picture in 58% of patients and 42% patients had nonmegaloblastic bone marrow picture. CONCLUSION: Megaloblastic anaemia must be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with pyrexia of unknown origin, mild icterus or pancytopenia. Therefore, the early screening for cobalamin and folic acid deficiency can lead to improvement in the wellbeing and prolongs the life of people in our community.
Differences between simple and choice reaction time among young karate athletes in relation to gender and level of training

Compared to adults, children have longer simple reaction time (SRT) and choice reaction time (CRT) to simple and choice visual stimuli. Based on the available data, it can be concluded that this occurrence could be due to correlation between age and the information processing speed. Other factors may have an impact, too, such as the shorter attention span which children may have. Some studies indicate that karate favors the development of cognitive functions, including the RT. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to determine whether there is a difference in simple and choice reaction time between boys and girls of preadolescent and early adolescent age on the basic and premastery level of karate training. Testing involved 78 participants divided into four subgroups, in accordance with the gender and the level of training, using a custom designed RT measuring software, developed in LabVIEW 2012 software package. A two-way analysis of variance (Two-way ANOVA) confirmed no differences between boys' and girls' SRT scores, while the significant differences were found at the mastery criterion subsample level. When it comes to CRT, the differences were found at the boys' subsample level, as well as between genders on the basic level of training. It cannot be stated with absolute certainty whether the acquired differences are the result of karate training, some other physiological and cognitive phenomena or the maturation process. Consequently, the further research should involve a broader sample - the population of the physically inactive, as well as the children involved in other sports.
A DUAL MODULATION PULSE POSITION MODULATION APPROACH IN 130NM CMOS TECHNOLOGY FOR TIME BASED SERIAL COMMUNICATION LINKS

A time-based serial data link architecture that involves dual modulation Pulse Position Modulation approach (DMPPM) is presented in this paper. In the proposed approach, both the rising and falling edges of the input clock signal are modulated independently. Using the proposed approach allows increasing the total number of transmitted bits without significantly affecting the modulated signal bandwidth. A 6-bit 4.8 Gb/s DMPPM link design example has been designed and simulated based on the proposed approach in 130nm CMOS technology. An 800MHz has been used as an input clock signal. The simulation results and a comparison between the proposed link and other serial links are presented. The power consumption of the transmitter and the receiver circuits are less than 100mW.
INTERPOLATION AND DUALITY OF GENERALIZED GRAND MORREY SPACES ON QUASI-METRIC MEASURE SPACES

Let θ ∈ (0, 1), λ ∈ [0, 1) and p, p0, p1 ∈ (1,∞] be such that (1− θ)/p0 + θ/p1 = 1/p, and let φ,φ0, φ1 be some admissible functions such that φ, φ p/p0 0 and φ p/p1 1 are equivalent. We first prove that, via the ± interpolation method, the interpolation 〈L p0),λ φ0 (X ), L p1),λ φ1 (X ), θ〉 of two generalized grand Morrey spaces on a quasi-metric measure space X is the generalized grand Morrey space L p),λ φ (X ). Then, by using block functions, we also find a predual space of the generalized grand Morrey space. These results are new even for generalized grand Lebesgue spaces.
Soil quality of cultivated land in urban and rural area on the basis of both minimum data set and expert opinion

Soil quality assessment is a significant approach for arable land, especially in a coastal region to gain a better understanding of soil productivity and effect of agricultural systems on soil resources. This study aimed to determine the quality of cultivated soil of both urban (Noakhali) and rural areas (Kabirhat and Subarnachar) of Noakhali, Bangladesh. The soil quality was evaluated as soil quality index by using 117 soil samples data, collected from three different sites within the Noakhali District. Among 14 soil parameters (total data set), only six parameters namely organic matter, Phosphorous, Boron, potassium, and iron were selected for the minimum data set, based on a combination of principal component analysis, norm values and expert opinion. Four soil quality index calculation methods, namely: linear weighted additive; linear simple additive; nonlinear weighted additive and nonlinear simple additive; were calculated based on the minimum data set. A significant positive correlations (P Subarnachar> Noakhali indicating the better quality soil in rural areas. In Noakhali, the major contributors to soil quality were organic matter (2.94–64.85%) followed by Boron (4.69-58.22%), iron (4.77–50.00%), electrical conductivity (3.48–32.53%), phosphorous (0.36–39.44%) and potassium (1.77–27.76%) whereas in Kabirhat, Boron (31.70%) and iron (23.83%) were the major contributors, and in Subarnachar, organic matter (28.98%) contributed the most.
Histopathological changes in liver of elks with Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha invasion

Parafasciolopsosis is a parasitological disease which is caused by the liver fluke Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha. This parasite which belongs to herbivores often causes invasion in elks (Alces alces). The aim of our study was to diagnose the parasite and investigate what kind of histopathological changes it caused in the liver tissue. The study took place in Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Comparative Pathology and Laboratory of Parasitology. During the study from 2017 to 2018 we collected liver samples and faeces from 46 felled elks of different age and gender, from all over Latvia. Ten grams of faeces were examined for trematode eggs by sedimentation method and a section of liver was examined for the presence of flukes and the histological structure of the liver. In this study Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha were found in 11 samples of liver from 46 elks, with invasion extensity of 24%. The histopathological examination of the liver samples revealed fibrosis, proliferation of bile ducts, pericholangitis, calcerous deposits in bile ducts and other notable histological changes in the liver tissue that can cause hepatic trematodes.
Indication of suitable transarterial chemoembolization and multikinase inhibitors for intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma

Prognosis of patients with intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is unsatisfactory. The present study analyzed the indications for suitable TACE in patients with intermediate stage HCC. Additionally, it was investigated whether further TACE or switching to multi-kinase inhibitors (MKIs) was more beneficial for patients with HCC recurrence following initial TACE. The present retrospective study included 238 patients with intermediate stage HCC who were initially treated with TACE (median age, 74 years). A decision-tree analysis was employed to investigate the therapeutic effect profiles and overall survival (OS) rates. In the decision-tree analysis for OS, complete response (CR) by initial TACE was selected as the most important variable. In the decision-tree analysis for CR, <3 liver segments with nodule, simple nodular type and within the up-to-seven criteria were selected as the first, second and third variables associated with a high CR rate (35–64%), respectively. In patients with HCC recurrence having ≥3 liver segments with nodule, out of the up-to-seven criteria, and Child-Pugh class A, the median survival time was significantly longer in those who were treated by switching to MKIs compared with further TACE (44.9 vs. 21.9 months; P=0.003). In intermediate stage HCC, the indications for suitable TACE criteria may be ‘<3 liver segments with nodule’, ‘simple nodular type’, and ‘within the up-to-seven criteria’. Additionally, in patients who were ineligible for TACE criteria, the switch to MKIs may improve the prognosis compared with further TACE in cases of HCC recurrence following first TACE.
The effect of piperine pre-conditioning on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered marbofloxacin in rats

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of piperine pre-conditioning on the pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in Wistar rats. Marbofloxacin was administrated at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg body weight alone, and along with piperine pre-conditioning at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight, orally for 5 days in Wistar rats. The mean values of the half-life (t1⁄2β), maximum drug concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC) were 1.19 ± 0.17 h, 2.71 ± 0.09 μg/mL and 12.25 ± 0.77 μg. h/mL, respectively, in piperine pretreated rats. The values were significantly higher than the values observed in rats administered with marbofloxacin alone (1.12 ± 0.31 h, 2.28 ± 0.20 μg/mL and 9.24 ± 0.59 μg.h/mL, respectively). The drug clearance (ClB) in piperine pretreated rats was 0.04 ± 0.02 L/h/kg, which was significantly lower than the clearance rate of the drug (0.53 ± 0.03 L/h/kg) in the animals administered with marbofloxacin alone. The study reveals that piperine has a significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin, which may be due to an increase in the drug absorption and inhibition of elimination of the drug in rats.
The Maximum Separation Subspace in Sufficient Dimension Reduction with Categorical Response

Sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) is a very useful concept for exploratory analysis and data visualization in regression, especially when the number of covariates is large. Many SDR methods have been proposed for regression with a continuous response, where the central subspace (CS) is the target of estimation. Various conditions, such as the linearity condition and the constant covariance condition, are imposed so that these methods can estimate at least a portion of the CS. In this paper we study SDR for regression and discriminant analysis with categorical response. Motivated by the exploratory analysis and data visualization aspects of SDR, we propose a new geometric framework to reformulate the SDR problem in terms of manifold optimization and introduce a new concept called Maximum Separation Subspace (MASES). The MASES naturally preserves the “sufficiency” in SDR without imposing additional conditions on the predictor distribution, and directly inspires a semi-parametric estimator. Numerical studies show MASES exhibits superior performance as compared with competing SDR methods in specific settings.
RESPUESTA DE LA SOYA (Glycine max) A LA DEFICIENCIA DE FOSFATO SOYBEAN (Glycine max) RESPONSE TO PHOSPHATE DEFICIENCY

El fósforo es uno de los principales nutrimentos requeridos por las plantas, pero también es uno de los elementos menos disponible en los suelos. La forma de fósforo asimilada por las plantas es como iones ortofosfato H2PO4 y HPO4 2− (Pi), pero su concentración rara vez excede 10 μM; por tanto, las plantas están expuestas a una deficiencia continua de Pi. No se encontraron reportes que describan los cambios que ocurren en plantas de soya (Glycine max) ante la deficiencia de Pi. Por ello, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la respuesta de la soya ante la deficiencia de Pi. En la variedad de soya Tapachula 86 en un medio con Pi o diferentes deficiencias de Pi, no cambió el crecimiento de la raíz, pero se detuvo el crecimiento del vástago. La actividad de las fosfatasas ácidas secretadas en plantas desarrolladas en ausencia de fosfato (−Pi) se incrementó casi diez veces, mientras que en los otros tratamientos de deficiencia sólo aumentó entre cuatro y cinco veces. La cantidad de Pi fue mayor en los tratamientos de ácido fítico y fosfato de aluminio, lo que sugiere que las plantas de soya también producen fitasas y ácidos orgánicos que ayudan a movilizar el Pi. Sin embargo, estas adaptaciones no fueron suficientes para promover el crecimiento normal de las plantas.
Electrolyte Disturbances in Children Presenting with Acute Diarrhea: A Prospective Cohort Study

Author Dr Ajeet Gopchade [MBBS MD] Consultant Pediatrician, Amrutpath Children Hospital Nanded [MS] *Corresponding Author Dr Ajeet Gopchade [MBBS MD] Consultant Pediatrician,Amrutpath Children Hospital Nanded [MS], India Abstract Introduction: Acute diarrhea is one of the common causes of hospital admissions in pediatric age group. In developing world diarrheal diseases are cause of a considerable morbidity as well as mortality. Incidence of diarrhea worldwide has remained unchanged and diarrhea related illness and its complications results in millions of visits to pediatricians the mortality has been reduced to considerable levels. One of the common causes of complications in children with diarrhea is electrolyte imbalance which needs to be identified and treated. Hyponatremia and hypokalemia are the common electrolyte imbalances seen in children presenting with acute diarrhea. Though uncommon hypernatremia as well as hyperkalemia can also be seen in these children and needs to be treated so as to prevent complications. This study was undertaken to know the incidence of electrolyte abnormalities in children under the age of 5 years who were admitted with acute diarrhea. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study in which 120 children below the age of 5 years and with acute diarrhea were included based on a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Detailed history was taken and clinical examination was done. Stool examination and serum electrolytes were also done in all the cases. Presenting signs and symptoms were analysed. Patients were treated according to institutional protocol. Presence of electrolyte abnormalities were recorded. SSPS 21.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 120 children up to the age of 5 years there were 78 boys (65%) and 42 girls (35%) with a M:F ratio of 1:0.53. The mean age of the affected cases was found to be 2.24 +/1.78 years. After loose motion the most common complaint was found to be Abdominal pain which was present in 78 (65%) cases. 78 (65%) children had serum sodium level less than s/o hyponatremia whereas in 41 patients (34.16%) serum sodium was found to be within normal range (135-145 meq/lit). Only 1 patient (0.83%) was found to be having hypernatremia. 21 (17.5%) children had serum potassium level less than 3.5 meq/lit s/o hypokalemia whereas in 99 patients (82.5%) serum potassium was found to be within normal range (3.5-5.5 meq/lit). There was no patient with hyperkalemia in our study. Conclusion: Electrolyte imbalance is a common occurrence in children presenting with acute diarrhoea and needs to be diagnosed early so as to prevent complications of severe dyselectrolytemia.
Exogenous supplementation of papain as growth promoter in diet of fingerlings of Cyprinus carpio

The effect of different levels of papain (1%, 2% and 4%) supplemented feed in Cyprinus carpio on growth rate, nutrient digestibility, gross protein retention (GPR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), apparent net protein utilization (ANPU), energy conversion efficiency (ECE%) and nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE) was studied. The fish fed on the feed supplemented with 2% papain treatment resulted in lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR), better growth rate, high protein digestibility, higher protein efficiency ratio (PER), good gross energy retention, better apparent net protein utilization (ANPU), energy conversion efficiency ECE (%) and nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE). All these parameters were lowest in case of control (P > 0.05). Maximum growth rate, nutrient digestibility, gross protein retention (GPR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), apparent net protein utilization (ANPU), energy conversion efficiency (ECE %) and nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE) were seen during the 8 week of the study period and 2% papain level showed best results (P < 0.05). The physicochemical parameters were within the optimum range as desired for fish culture practices. Papain did not affect the water quality parameters and had no adverse effect on feeding response of fish. Thus, supplementation of papain to feed of common carp at a level of 2% resulted in better growth performance.
Internal corporate social responsibility and organizational creativity: An empirical study of Vietnamese small and medium-sized enterprises

Purpose: The present study aims to investigate the relationship between internal corporate social responsibility (CSR), a type of CSR particularly for employees within organizations, and two types of innovation, that is, exploratory and exploitative innovation. The focus is on the mediating effects of affective commitment, knowledge sharing, and organizational creativity within the relationship.Design/methodology/approach: This study’s data were collected in Vietnam via questionnaire survey. Regarding survey administration, first, we chose the five biggest universities, which specialize in economics and business in Hanoi. Then, from those universities, we randomly selected graduate classes whose students are full-time employees in various companies around Hanoi. The questionnaire included multi-items designed to measure factors. Each item was measured by 5 point Likert scale: 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Among 750 distributed questionnaires, 252 were returned. After screening and deleting those questionnaires with missing information or those from large companies, 212 remained for further investigation, representing 28.3% of the valid response rate. There are 130 manufacturing companies and 82 non-manufacturing companies in this sample. For the statistical analysis of the data, we follow the three-step procedure of exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling.Findings: This study successfully tests the empirical relationship between internal CSR and innovation by introducing the mediating effects of knowledge sharing, affective commitment, and organizational creativity. In other words, the results support our hypotheses that predict positive mediating effects, except for the relationship between training and development as one aspect of internal CSR and affective commitment, although training and development have an indirect relationship with innovation through knowledge sharing and, in turn, organizational creativity.Originality/value: The study contributes to the literature on internal CSR, especially because it provides the new empirical evidence for the relationship between internal CSR and innovation, which has been vague in academic research up to now. In particular, by incorporating knowledge sharing, affective commitment, and organizational creativity, the relationship becomes clearer, more reliable, and comprehensive. We emphasize that the factors concerned are relevant to the case of small and medium-sized enterprises in developing countries, because they often face difficulties implementing external CSR due to resource constraints.