Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal variability of small-sized copepod assemblages in a shallow semi-enclosed embayment (Kalloni Gulf, NE Mediterranean Sea)

The small-sized copepod community structure (<1 mm) and its response to environmental variability was examined during an annual cycle in Kalloni Gulf, a semi-enclosed coastal system in the NE Aegean Sea. Α 90 µm net was used in order to adequately sample the smaller copepod fractions. In the copepod ecology the spatial patterns dominated over the seasonal. Total copepod abundance increased towards the inner gulf area while diversity indices followed the opposite trend. The inner gulf copepod assemblage area was affected by the increasing magnitude of eutrophication, characterized by high abundance values, low species richness and dominance of a single species (e.g. Oithona nana). A clear seasonal succession of species was observed, ordered by temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a, heterotrophic bacterial biomass, organic and inorganic nutrients. Freshwater inputs and the subsequent nutrient inflow was a dominant phenomenon enhancing copepod production and negatively affecting the biodiversity of the assemblage. The great contribution of copepod larval stages in the total community and their year-round presence indicate the continuous production of copepods during the annual cycle, highlight the importance of the smaller size fraction and encourage the use of finer mesh-size nets when assessing the structure and dynamics of copepod communities.
Site factors related to growth of coniferous plantations in a temperate, hilly zone of Argentina

Summary Relationships between environmental variables and several growth indicators of unthinned coniferous plantations (Pinus halepensis, Pinus radiata, Cedrus deodara and Cupressus sempervirens f. horizontalis) were studied using correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression in Ventania, a hilly zone in southern Buenos Aires, Argentina. Growth of P. radiata was affected mainly by gross climatic factors, whilst P. halepensis and C. deodara were influenced by soil and topographic factors. Growth of C. sempervirens was investigated in a more restricted range of site conditions and could be related to soil fertility and moisture factors. The regression models explained 60–85% of the variation in site index.
Genetic and geographical divergence in horse gram germplasm from Andhra Pradesh, India

Nine characters contributing to seed yield were measured on 20 accessions of horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verd), and subjected to genetic divergence analysis using Mahalanobis statistic and mapping using DIVA-GIS. The accessions were collected from two eco-geographical regions of Andhra Pradesh (India) – North Coastal and Rayalaseema. Based on D2 values the genotypes were grouped into five clusters. Genetic diversity was not related to eco-geographical distribution. The greatest inter-cluster distance separated clusters II and V, followed by clusters IV, and V, III and IV. Entries in clusters V and II appear suitable as parents for horse gram improvement. The Rayalaseema region is the source of useful variation for days to flowering, maturity and yield.
Which function describes the species–area relationship best? A review and empirical evaluation

Aim The aims of this study are to resolve terminological confusion around different types of species–area relationships (SARs) and their delimitation from species sampling relationships (SSRs), to provide a comprehensive overview of models and analytical methods for SARs, to evaluate these theoretically and empirically, and to suggest a more consistent approach for the treatment of species–area data.
Role of nurse rocks on woody plant establishment in a South African grassland

Many empirical studies have supported the facilitative effect of nurse plants, and several recent studies have reported similar phenomena with non-plant features, such as rocks. Few studies have explored the effect of rock height on plant establishment, although variation in height can affect establishment. This study examined whether rocky outcrops have positive effects on plant establishment, as do classic nurse plants, and explored the mechanisms involved in the nurse effects in a South African grassland. To answer these questions, we compared the number of individual woody plants at the edges of rocky outcrops and in the adjacent grassland matrix, as well as beneath a putative nurse plant (Euclea crispa) and in the adjacent grassland matrix. We also measured the heights of rocky outcrops and E. crispa and the proportions of grass cover. The results showed that larger numbers of woody seedlings occurred at the edges of rocky outcrops and beneath E. crispa compared with in the adjacent grassland matrix. A generalised linear model (GLM) showed that rock and E. crispa height positively affected the number of seedlings; the diaspores of most recorded species showed characteristics associated with dispersal by vertebrates. The GLM analysis showed that the proportion of grass cover had a negative effect on the number of seedlings. These results indicate that in addition to shrubs, rocky outcrops appear to have positive effects on the establishment of woody plants in South African grasslands, likely serving as perching structures for birds and providing favourable microhabitats.
Influence of Media Components on Efficacy of Paclobutrazol in Inhibiting Growth of Broccoli and Petunia

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate media component effects on paclobutrazol activity. In Expts. 1 and 2, a broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) seedling bioassay was used to compare the activity of paclobutrazol at six concentrations (0-0.32 mg.L -1 ). Results from Expt. 1 indicated that an average of 4-, 5-, and 10-fold higher concentrations were required in old composted pine bark, fresh pine bark, and composted pine bark samples, respectively, to achieve the same activity observed in sphagnum peatmoss (peat) samples. Activity in coir was similar to that in peat while activity in vermiculite and perlite was greater than that in peat. Activity in a fibrous peat sample was greater than in two less-fibrous peat samples. Results from Expt. 2 indicated that paclobutrazol activity was reduced more in the fine ( 4 mm) fractions. In Expt. 3, petunia (Petunia hybrida Vilm. 'Madness Red') was grown in a mixture of either 60% composted pine bark: 0% peat or 0% composted bark: 60% peat. The paclobutrazol concentration required to achieve the same size control was 14 times higher in the former mixture than in the latter. Thus, media components differ greatly in their influence on paclobutrazol activity and the bioassay procedure may serve as a useful tool for predicting media-paclobutrazol interactions. Chemical name used: (±)-(R * ,R * )-β-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(1,1-dimethyl)- 1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol).
Proteomics of E.coli Nissle 1917 in Responce to Cocos nucifera sap and Wine

In the present study, we described the protein profile experimentally by 2D-PAGE and MALDI analysis to understand the stress mechanisms of cocoti sap and wine on E.coli Nissle 1917. We isolated one newly expressed protein from cocoti wine treated gel which is not present in both control and cocoti sap treated sample i.e. P21 prophage-derived head-stabilizing proteinVG03_ECOL6 (3n1) also called as Head protein gp3. This protein mainly activities related to the viral life cycle. It helps to attach the viral gene into host. The growth rate was delayed in cocoti wine treated E.coli Nissle 1917 when compared to control and cocoti sap treated samples. Stress mechanism induce many proteins they are involved in metabolic process, hydrolase activity, lyase activity, quinone binding, phosphotransferase system, carbohydrate metabolism, DNA binding, DNA repair, transferase activity, oxidoreductase, purine metabolism, transcription anti-termination, transcription regulation and other related activities.We proved that the predicted protein structure quality, resolution, density and error plot values by QMEAN analysis. Based on these results, only two differentially expressed proteins under sap stress showed that the significant results, which were N-acetylgalactosamine-specific phosphotransferase enzyme IIB component 1, PTPB1_ECOLI and DinI-like protein Z3305/ECs2939 in prophage CP-933VDINI1_ECO57. In case of wine stress, the differentially expressed proteins were Transcription anti-termination protein RFAH- ECO57 NusA and PUR7-eco24- phosphoribosylamidazole-succinocarboxamide synthase showed significant results. ProtParam analysis indicating that the multiple physico-chemical characters of differentially expressed proteins were differed and compared. The phylogenetic tree represents the relationship in-between the differentially expressed proteins, were showed siblings (related) as well as monophytic clade.
Laboratory Environments & Student Outcomes in Senior High School Biology

I NTERNATIONAL research efforts involving the conceptualization, assessment and investigation of perceptions of psychosocial aspects of the classroom environment have firmly established classroom environment as a thriving field of study (see reviews by Fraser 1994; Fraser & Walberg 1991). For example, recent classroom environment research has focused on constructivist classroom environments (Taylor, Fraser & White 1994), computer-assisted instruction classrooms (Teh & Fraser in press), and teacher-student interpersonal behavior in the classroom (Wubbels & Levy 1993). In the past 25 years, much attention has been given to the development and use of instruments to assess qualities of the science classroom learning environment from the perspective of the student (Fraser 1986, 1994; Fraser & Walberg 1991). The association between learning environment variables and student outcomes has provided a particular rationale and focus for the application of these learning environment instruments. In a meta-analysis that encompassed 823 classes in eight subject areas and represented the perceptions of 17,805 students in four nations, Haertel, Walberg & Haertel (1981) found enhanced student achievement in classes that students felt had greater cohesiveness, satisfaction, and goal direction, and less disorganization and friction. Other literature reviews since then have supported the existence of associations between classroom environment variables and student outcomes (Fraser 1994). This article describes an investigation of associations between students' perceptions of laboratory environment and their attitudinal, cognitive and practical performance outcomes. Although past studies have examined associations between student outcomes and their perceptions of the leaming environment in science classes (Fraser 1986, 1994), this study is unique in that it assesses student perceptions of the
A new species of Mompha hübner (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae: Momphinae) from buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis L.) with descriptions of the early stages

Mompha solomoni, n. sp. , is described from moths reared from buttonbush, Cephalanthus occidentalis L. (Rubiaceae). Spring generations bore in young terminals of this plant species; summer and fall generations mine leaves.The egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages of the new species are described and illustrated. Mompha solomoni appears to be related to other Rubiaceae-feeding momphines, including the previously described and widely distributed Mompha cephalonthiella (Chambers), which also feeds on buttonbush. Life history data are provided for both of these Cephalanthus-feeding momphines. Parasites of Mompha solomoni include members of the genera Pholetesor Mason (Braconidae), Bracon F. (Braconidae), and Euderus Haliday (Eulophidae).
Is Hippocampal Gamma Band Activity in Vivo the Signal-Dependent Noise?

Not only the issue of the dissociation between signal and noise, but also the issue of the possible contributions of noise in the brain information processing has long been a matter of interest. Recently, Harris and Wolpert (Nature, 394:780-784, 1998) proposed a significant new perspective on the role of neural noise by assuming the existence of signal-dependent noise in the brain and demonstrating that it can be involved in motor planning. If so, where can we find the signal-dependent noise in the brain? Here I suggest that the gamma band activity in vivo can be the signal-dependent noise that may result from the noise shaping neural coding (Shin, Neural Networks, 14:907-919, 2001) and present experimental evidence using data from hippocampal local field potentials during spontaneous locomotion in both linear track and wheels.
CASE STUDY USING BEST PRACTICE DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR WORKSITE WELLNESS PROGRAMS

LEARNING OBJECTIVES1. Apply the IAWHP Best Practice Design Principles for Worksite Health and Wellness Programs to a case study.2. Use the nine best practice dimensions outlined in a previous issue of ACSM’s Health & Fitness Journal®. 3. Provide lessons learned using evidence-based models of how to best approach integrating physical activity into worksite wellness.
Produção de matéria seca e controle de plantas daninhas por leguminosas consorciadas com cana-de-açúcar em cultivo orgânico

The objective of this work was to evaluate dry matter production and weed control by intercropped legumes with sugarcane, in organic cropping. The legume species Arachis pintoi , Cajanus cajan , Calopogonium mucunoides , Crotalaria anagyroides , Crotalaria juncea , and Stylosanthes 'Campo Grande' were sown on November 2012 in the inter‑rows of sugarcane. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with four replicates and two controls – a weeded treatment and an unweeded one. Legume dry matter was evaluated 142 days after sowing (DAS), and the weed dry matter, at 29, 85, and 142 DAS. Weed dry matter was lower than that of the control in all sampling periods. The production of legume dry matter was low in intercropping. The species Crotalaria juncea , Cajanus cajan , and Calopogonium mucunoides produced higher dry matter than the species Arachis pintoi and Stylosanthes 'Campo Grande'. Stalk yield of sugarcane was not affected by intercropping. The intercropping of organic sugarcane and legumes in late sowing, for green manure, is efficient for weed control.
In Vitro Adenoviral Vector p53-mediated Transduction and Killing Correlates with Expression of Coxsackie-Adenovirus Receptor and ανβ5 Integrin in SUDHL-1 Cells Derived from Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma

Adenoviral vector-mediated p53 expression induced apoptosis is a well established gene therapy approach that has been evaluated extensively in epithelial tumors but only recently in lymphoid malignancies mainly due to the known resistance of the lymphoid lineage to adenovirus infection. Recently, it was shown that this resistance is not absolute and that cell lines derived from anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and some other lymphoid malignancies are efficiently transduced by adenoviral vectors. Normal circulating T lymphocytes do not express coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR) and α ν β integrins and are relatively resistant to infection by adenovirus. These molecules serve as receptors for adenovirus entry into the cells. ALCL-derived SUDHL-1 cells were evaluated for transduction efficiency and expression of p53 after infection with an adenoviral vector containing wild-type p53 (AdWTp53). Cells derived from ALCL and circulating mononucleated cells (MNCs) were also evaluated for expression of CAR and α ν β integrins. AdWTp53-mediated expression of p53 resulted in p21/WAF1 induction, G 1 arrest, and apoptosis in SUDHL-1 cells. The expression of CAR andα ν β 5 integrin was high in SUDHL-1 cells and comparable to levels observed with epithelial tumor cells, but it was absent in MNCs. The susceptibility to adenoviral vector transduction of the tumor-derived cells implies an important biological difference between them and circulating MNCs, possibly underlying the malignant transformation that ALCL cells undergo. Further studies will be required to evaluate this initial observation in more cell lines and tissue derived from ALCL.
Soil amendments of fly ash: effects on function and biochemical activity of Carthamus tinctorius L. plants

Proper disposal and recycling of different industrial waste materials have long been recognized as a prime environmental concern. The present study evaluated the effects of soil amendment of fly ash, a major industrial waste material, on soil properties, plant growth, productivity and metabolites production of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). The soil was amended with varied concentrations of fly ash (0%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% per pot) prior to sowing under field conditions in the herbal garden of Jamia Hamdard. Sampling was conducted at different growth stages, i.e. pre-flowering, flowering and post-flowering. Our results demonstrate that fly ash concentrations up to 25% improved the physicochemical properties of the soil as compared to non-treated control resulting in increased availability to the plant of macro and micronutrients and thereby stimulating plant growth and productivity. Contents of photosynthetic pigments, sugars, protein, and nitrate reductase (NR) activity increased under 25% fly a.
The Consequences of Chromosome Imbalance: Principles, Mechanisms, and Models

Preface Glossary Part I. Introduction: 1. The problem of aneuploidy Part II. Clinical Observations: 2. The differentiability and variability of phenotypes 3. The partitioning of phenotypes Part III. The Theoretical Mechanisms and Issues: The Primary and Secondary Effects of Aneuploidy: 4. Gene dosage effects 5. Metabolic pathways, transport systems and receptors 6. Regulatory systems 7. Assembly of macromolecules, cellular interactions and pattern formation 8. Type and countertype 9. Nonspecific effects of aneuploidy Part IV. Experimental Systems for the Study of Mammalian and Human Aneuploidy: 10. Generation and properties of mouse aneuploids 11. Models for human aneuploidy Part V. Three Major Clinical Problems of Human Aneuploidy: 12. Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) 13. Monosomy X (Turner syndrome, gonadal dysgenesis) 14. Cancer Part VI. Conclusion: 15. Principles, mechanisms and models Appendix References Index.
Shifts in the gut microbiome observed in wildlife faecal samples exposed to natural weather conditions: lessons from time‐series analyses using next‐generation sequencing for application in field studies

Gut microbiome studies in wildlife species are of increasing interest to understand the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the variation of bacterial communities, which are associated with host health. Current research is mainly restricted to faecal samples obtained during veterinary inspections or to collection of faeces instantly after defecation. For some elusive wildlife species, the collection of faeces in the field can only occur hours or days after defecation and might be the only option to investigate their gut microbiomes. However, to interpret bacterial sequencing results, it is essential to understand how abiotic and biotic factors affect bacteria in faecal material after defecation. We analysed gut microbiomes of two ungulate species, the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) and the springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis), based on field‐collected faecal material and further investigated how exposure to the environment influenced gut bacteria over time. We applied high‐throughput microbial 16S rRNA gene sequencing to daily faecal subsamples exposed to the environment and assigned taxonomy to sequence reads. We used diversity measures, GAMs and SourceTracker (Knights, Kuczynski & Charlson, Nature Methods, 2011; 8: 761) to assess how community compositions and specifically the ratios of anaerobic to facultatively aerobic and aerobic bacteria were effected during exposure. Our results demonstrate shifts in microbial communities over time in both species with a decrease of anaerobic bacteria and an increase of facultatively aerobic and aerobic bacteria. SourceTracker analyses revealed that the native microbiome still contributed up to 90% to the giraffe microbiome after 1 week, but only up to 31% in springbok. Furthermore, changes in proportions of bacterial taxa appeared earlier and were stronger in springboks than in giraffes. Differences in sample degradation between the species were due to a combination of environmental factors and differences in faecal characteristics. Bacterial data derived from faecal samples without a known history can lead to false description of gut microbiomes. Therefore, we highlight the need for preliminary tests to assess up to which point such samples can still deliver reliable results. Such a strategy will enable the investigation of gut microbiomes in wildlife species where immediate sample collection is not possible.
Ten New Genera of Oryzomyine Rodents (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae)

Abstract In order to achieve a monophyletic classification of oryzomyine rodents, 10 new genera are described for species or species groups previously referred to the polyphyletic genus Oryzomys. The following names are proposed: Aegialomys, n.gen. (for the “xanthaeolus group” of authors); Cerradomys, n.gen. (for the “subflavus group”); Eremoryzomys, n.gen. (for polius); Euryoryzomys, n.gen. (for the “nitidus group”); Hylaeamys, n.gen. (for the “megacephalus group”); Mindomys, n.gen. (for hammondi); Nephelomys, n.gen. (for the “albigularis group”); Oreoryzomys, n.gen. (for balneator); Sooretamys, n.gen. (for angouya); and Transandinomys, n.gen. (for bolivaris and talamancae). All of the new genera thus constituted are morphologically diagnosable and have distinct ecogeographic distributions. Pending revisionary work that is currently in progress by other researchers, six species belonging to the “alfaroi group” (herein construed as including alfaroi, chapmani, melanotis, rhabdops, rostratus, and saturatior) are provisionally referred to Handleyomys. As a result of these changes, the genus Oryzomys is restricted to the “palustris group” of authors, and the tribe Oryzomyini now comprises 28 genera.
Inducible defences and the paradox of enrichment

In order to evaluate the effects of inducible defences on community stability and persistence, we analyzed models of bitrophic and tritrophic food chains that incorporate consumer-induced polymorphisms. These models predict that intraspecific heterogeneity in defence levels resolves the paradox of enrichment for a range of top-down effects that affect consumer death rates and for all possible levels of primary productivity. We show analytically that this stability can be understood in terms of differences in handling times on the different prey types. Our predictions still hold when defences also affect consumer attack rates. The predicted stability occurs in both bitrophic and tritrophic food chains. Inducible defences may promote population persistence in tritrophic food chains. Here the minimum densities of cycling populations remain bound away from zero, thus decreasing the risk of population extinctions. However, the reverse can be true for the equivalent bitrophic predator-prey model. This shows that theoretical extrapolations from simple to complex communities should be made with caution. Our results show that inducible defences are among the ecological factors that promote stability in multitrophic communities.