Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reliable assessment of in vitro SARS-CoV-2 infectivity by a Rapid Antigen Detection Test

The identification and isolation of highly infectious SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals is an important public health strategy. Rapid antigen detection tests (RADT) are promising candidates for large-scale screenings due to timely results and feasibility for on-site testing. Nonetheless, the diagnostic performance of RADT in detecting infectious individuals is yet to be fully determined. Two combined oro- and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from individuals at a routine SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic center. Side-by-side evaluations of RT-qPCR and RADT as well as live virus cultures of positive samples were performed to determine the sensitivity of the Standard Q COVID-19 Ag Test (SD Biosensor/Roche) in detecting SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals with cultivable virus. A total of 2,028 samples were tested and 118 virus cultures inoculated. SARS-CoV-2 infection was detected in 210 samples by RT-qPCR, representing a positive rate of 10.36%. The Standard Q COVID-19 Ag Test yielded a positive result in 92 (4.54%) samples resulting in an overall sensitivity and specificity of 42.86% and 99.89%. For adjusted Ct values <20, <25, and <30 the RADT reached sensitivities of 100%, 98.15%, and 88.64%, respectively. All 29 culture positive samples were detected by RADT. While overall sensitivity was low, Standard Q COVID-19 RADT reliably detected patients with high RNA loads. Additionally, negative RADT results fully corresponded with the lack of viral cultivability in Vero E6 cells. These results indicate that RADT can be a valuable tool for the detection of individuals that are likely to transmit SARS-CoV-2. RADT testing could therefore guide public health testing strategies to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.
First-in-Human Trial of a Recombinant Stabilized Prefusion SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Vaccine with Adjuvant of Aluminum Hydroxide and CpG 1018

Design This is a phase 1, dose-escalation open-label trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of MVC-COV1901, a recombinant stabilized prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike (S-2P) protein vaccine with adjuvant of aluminum hydroxide and CpG 1018. Methods We enrolled 45 healthy adults from 20 to 49 years of age to be administered with two vaccinations of MVC-COV1901 in a low dose (LD), middle dose (MD), and high dose (HD) of spike protein at 28 days apart. There were 15 participants in each dose group, and all of them were followed up for 28 days after the second vaccination at the time of interim analysis. Adverse events (AEs) and laboratory data were recorded for safety evaluation. Blood samples were collected for wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and pseudovirus neutralization assays as well as SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) at various times. Overall, the study duration will be 7 months. Results Solicited events were mostly mild and similar in the participants of all three dose groups. No subject experienced fever. There were no serious nor adverse events of special interest at the time point of this interim report. After the second vaccination, the SARS-CoV-2 spike specific IgG titers increased with peak geometric mean titers at 7178.245 (LD), 7746.086 (MD), and 11220.58 (HD), respectively. Serum neutralizing activity was detected by two methods in all participants of MD and HD groups, with geometric mean values generally comparable to those of a panel of control convalescent serum specimens. All of the participants in the MD and HD groups were seroconverted after the second vaccination. Conclusions The MVC-COV1901 vaccine is safe and elicits remarkable immune responses especially in the MD and HD groups.
years of Noctilucent Clouds observations near Moscow : database and simple statistics

The observation procedure and relevant database of Moscow (56° N, 37° E) Noctilucent Clouds (NLCs) systematic observations (1962-2001) are described. The long-term series of Moscow NLCs data are analyzed and compared to the observations in Western Europe. Statistical analysis of seasonally averaged parameters of the NLCs is carried out. Characteristic periods in interannual variability of the integral NLCs brightness fluctuation are extracted. Particular attention is paid to decadal (~10 years) periodicity in the NLCs occurrence and their brightness. A distinct difference between decadal periodicity in NLCs parameters and solar activity is found and its possible origin is discussed.
Multiple Publication: The Main Reason for the Retraction of Papers in Computer Science 1

This paper intends to review the reasons for the retraction over the last decade. The paper particularly aims at reviewing these reasons with reference to computer science field to assist authors in comprehending the style of writing. To do that, a total of thirty-six retracted papers found on the Web of Science within Jan 2007 through July 2017 are explored. Given the retraction notices which are based on ten common reasons, this paper classifies the two main categories, namely random and nonrandom retraction. Retraction due to the duplication of publications scored the highest proportion of all other reasons reviewed.
Volatile Composition of Fourteen Species of Fresh Wild Mushrooms (Boletales)

Abstract Fourty-five volatile substances of fourteen species of fresh wild mushrooms (Boletus aereus, Boletus calopus, Chroogomphus rutilus, Gomphidius glutinosus, Leccinum aurantiacum, Leccinum lepidum, Leccinum pulchrum, Leccinum querci-num, Leccinum versipelle, Paxillus atrotomentosus, Suillus bovinus, Suillus collinitus, Suillus granulatus, Suillus variegatus) have been identified by GC/MS. The main components of the fruit bodies were 1-octen-3-ol, (E)-2-octenol, 1-octen-3-one, octanol, 3-octanone, 3-octanol, N(2-phenylethyl)acetamide, benzaldehyde, limonene, geranyl acetone, farnesyl acetone and (E,E)-farnesol. Camphene and germacrene D were identified for the first time in mushrooms.
Evolution of operational parameters in a UASB wastewater plant : technical note

The results reported here are based on data of the Nova Pampulha Wastewater Treatment Plant, in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais, Brazil) containing an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The objective of this research was to establish the operational parameters of the plant and evolution of elimination of pollutants. Influent and effluent parameters used for this research, were oils, volatile fatty acidity, alkalinity, ammonium, bacteria, flow, chlorides, BOD, detergents, COD, phosphates, total nitrogen, pH, settleable solids, suspended solids (total and volatile), sulphates, sulphides, temperature (air, influent, effluent and reactor) and hydraulic retention time (HRT). Weekly data were collected between January 1998 and June 2000, namely 124 weeks. Methods used for data included conventional statistics, graphical representations and multiple linear regression, applied with the program SPSS, licensed to UPV/EHU with the aim of obtaining equations for the estimation of % age elimination (or increase) of pollutants during anaerobic treatment. The analysis of operational data of the Nova Pampulha plant also includes the temporary and seasonal evolution of control parameters, made by a set of graphical representations for process parameters (flow, HRT, temperature and bacterial count), parameters associated with acid - base equilibrium (acidity, alkalinity and pH), organic constituents (BOD, COD, oils and detergents), inorganic constituents chlorides, phosphates, sulphates, sulphides and nitrogen compounds) and solids (settleable and suspended). By using multiple linear regression, equations could be obtained for estimating the elimination of constituent loads as functions of process parameters and constituent loads in the influents, as possible independent variables. Equations, statistically significant at a 95% confidence level, were obtained for all the eliminations. The calculation is presented in the form of regression equations and some comparative graphics between experimental and predicted data. Data variances were in the region of 20 and 87%. The observation of coefficients of equations for organic matter and suspended solids permits the establishment of parameters associated with elimination or increase of these constituents. Water SA Vol.29(3) 2003: 345-352
Consumer ́ s categorization of food ingredients : Do consumers perceive 1 them as ‘ clean label ’ producers expect ? An exploration with projective 2 mapping 3

9 Consumers are said to increasingly assess processed food in terms of whether or not they 10 perceive it to be ‘clean label’ food. This term refers to what is seen as little processed and 11 ‘natural’ or ‘free from’ negatively associated ingredients, or even organic food. However, it is 12 difficult for food producers to predict how their product ingredients will be perceived, and 13 how they should position new products. The present study aimed at exploring how consumers 14 perceive and categorize food ingredients, and testing this under different communication 15 frames. These frames are positioning the product in relation to different consumer choice 16 motives. Potato protein as a replacement for negatively associated ingredients was used a 17 case study. Ninety consumers participated in a projective mapping task in Denmark that 18 consisted of placing and characterising ingredients on a bi-dimensional surface. In a between19 subjects design, three groups of consumers had to map the ingredients of four products 20 (dairy-free ice cream, vegetarian candy, plant-based sausage, and a protein drink). In each 21 group products were presented as either sustainable, healthy, or plant-based. The results 22 showed that consumers categorized ingredients in terms of firstly and secondly, objective 23 type of ingredient or its function, and thirdly, subjective individual assessment of its value. 24 Communicational framing had little impact, but ingredient-level differences emerged from 25 the comparison of the frames. Despite product-related differences, a similar pattern emerged 26 for the different food categories. Findings confirm that consumers perceive ingredients 27 according to a ‘known-natural-good’ vs. the opposite category. Implications for food industry 28 are discussed. 29
Fluid Dynamics study of separation gap effect 1 on gas explosion mitigation for methane storage tanks 2

15 This paper presented both experimental and numerical assessments of separation gap effect on 16 vented explosion pressure in and around the area of a tank group. A series of vented gas 17 explosion layouts with different separation gaps between tanks were experimentally 18 investigated. In order to qualitatively determine the relationship between the separation gap 19 distance and explosion pressure, intensive computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, 20 verified with testing data, were conducted. Good agreement between CFD simulation results 21 and experimental data was achieved. By using CFD simulation, more gas explosion cases were 22 included to consider different gas cloud coverage scenarios. Separation gap effects on internal 23 and external pressures at various locations were investigated. 24 25 © 2018. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Mindsets Predict Physical Activity and Relate to Chosen Management Strategies in Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis

Objectives. We compared mindsets about physical activity among those with and without knee osteoarthritis and investigated if these mindsets relate to physical activity level and symptom management. Methods. Participants with (n=150) and without (n=152) knee osteoarthritis completed an online survey at study enrollment (T1). Participants with knee osteoarthritis repeated the survey three weeks later (T2; n=62). The mindset questionnaire, scored from 1-4, assessed the extent to which individuals associate the process of exercising with less appeal-focused qualities (e.g., boring, painful, isolating, and depriving) vs. appeal-focused (e.g., fun, pleasurable, social, and indulgent) versus. Using linear regression, we examined the relationship between mindset and having knee osteoarthritis, and, in the subgroup of participants with knee osteoarthritis, the relationship between mindset at T1 and physical activity (via the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly) at T2. We also compared mindsets between those who use medication for management and those who use exercise. Results. A less appeal-focused mindset regarding physical activity was marginally associated with having knee osteoarthritis ({beta}=-0.125, P=0.096). Within the knee osteoarthritis group, a more appeal-focused mindset predicted higher future physical activity ({beta}=20.68, P=0.039), controlling for current physical activity, demographics, and health. Individuals that used exercise with or without pain medication or injections had more appeal-focused process mindsets than those who used medication or injections without exercise (P<0.001). Further, the process mindset inventory demonstrated strong internal consistency (=0.92 at T1 for n=150 and =0.92 at T2 for n=62) and test-retest reliability (ICC>0.841, P<0.001) within the knee osteoarthritis population. Conclusion. In individuals with knee osteoarthritis, mindsets predict future physical activity levels and relate to an individual's management strategy. Mindsets are a reliable and malleable construct and may be a valuable target for increasing physical activity and improving adherence to rehabilitation strategies involving exercise among individuals with knee osteoarthritis.
Risk quantification for SARS-CoV-2 infection through airborne transmission in university settings

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted learning as many institutions switched to remote or hybrid instruction. An in-depth assessment of the risk of infection that considers environmental setting and mitigation strategies is needed to make safe and informed decisions regarding reopening university spaces. A quantitative model of infection probability that accounts for space-specific parameters is presented to enable assessment of the risk in reopening university spaces at given densities. The model uses the fraction of the campus population that are viral shedders, room capacity, face covering filtration efficiency, air exchange rate, room volume, and time spent in the space as parameters to calculate infection probabilities in teaching spaces, dining halls, dorms, and shared bathrooms. The model readily calculates infection probabilities in various university spaces, with face covering filtration efficiency and air exchange rate being among the dominant variables. When applied to university spaces, this model demonstrated that, under specific conditions that are feasible to implement, in-person classes could be held in large lecture halls with an infection risk over the semester <1%. Meal pick-ups from dining halls and usage of shared bathrooms in residential dormitories among small groups of students could also be accomplished with low risk. The results of applying this model to spaces at Harvard University (Cambridge and Allston campuses) and Stanford University are reported. Finally, a user-friendly web application was developed using this model to calculate infection probability following input of space-specific variables. The successful development of a quantitative model and its implementation through a web application may facilitate accurate assessments of infection risk in university spaces. However, since this model is thus far unvalidated, validation using infection rate and contact tracing data from university campuses will be crucial as such data becomes available at larger scales. In light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on universities, this tool could provide crucial insight to students, faculty, and university officials in making informed decisions.
DeepBlur: A Simple and Effective Method for Natural Image Obfuscation

There is a growing privacy concern due to the popularity of social media and surveillance systems, along with advances in face recognition software. However, established image obfuscation techniques are either vulnerable to re-identification attacks by human or deep learning models, insufficient in preserving image fidelity, or too computationally intensive to be practical. To tackle these issues, we present DeepBlur, a simple yet effective method for image obfuscation by blurring in the latent space of an unconditionally pre-trained generative model that is able to synthesize photo-realistic facial images. We compare it with existing methods by efficiency and image quality, and evaluate against both state-of-the-art deep learning models and industrial products (e.g., Face++, Microsoft face service). Experiments show that our method produces high quality outputs and is the strongest defense for most test cases.
Measurements of Slurry Film Thickness and Wafer Drag during CMP

dIntel Corporation, Santa Clara, California 95052-8119, USA Chemical mechanical planarization ~CMP! is a process widely used for the manufacture of silicon integrated circuits. In this work, we measured the thickness of the slurry film between the wafer and the pad during polish while simultaneously measuring the frictional drag. All experiments are performed on a 1:2 scale laboratory tabletop rotary polisher with variable pad speed and wafer downforce control. Dual emission laser-induced fluorescence techniques optically measured the slurry film thickness through a dual-camera imaging system. The resulting data are discussed for wafers polished with a 3.1 wt % abrasive concentration slurry solution on Freudenberg’s FX-9 polishing pads. It was found that the degree of surface curvature of the wafer substrate significantly influences the slurry film thickness and wafer drag, and therefore, the polish. The convex wafer shows the expected behavior of increased downforce reduces the slurry film thickness and increases the coefficient of friction. Further, as the pad speeds up, the slurry thickness increases and the friction decreases. The concave wafer shows no change in slurry film thickness and a decrease in the frictional coefficient with increasing downforce. Both the film thickness and frictional coefficient appear to decrease slightly with increasing pad speed. This difference between the two wafer shapes reflects the different fluid mechanics in each case.
First integral cohomology group of the pure mapping class group of a non-orientable surface of infinite type

In this work we compute the first integral cohomology of the pure mapping class group of a non-orientable surface of infinite topological type and genus at least 3. To this purpose, we also prove several other results already known for orientable surfaces such as the existence of an Alexander method, the fact that the mapping class group is isomorphic to the automorphism group of the curve graph along with the topological rigidity of the curve graph, and the structure of the pure mapping class group as both a Polish group and a semi-direct product.
Transition to chaos in a reduced-order model of a shear layer

Abstract The present work studies the nonlinear dynamics of a shear layer, driven by a body force and confined between parallel walls, a simplified setting to study transitional and turbulent shear layers. It was introduced by Nogueira & Cavalieri (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 907, 2021, A32), and is here studied using a reduced-order model based on a Galerkin projection of the Navier–Stokes system. By considering a confined shear layer with free-slip boundary conditions on the walls, periodic boundary conditions in streamwise and spanwise directions may be used, simplifying the system and enabling the use of methods of dynamical systems theory. A basis of eight modes is used in the Galerkin projection, representing the mean flow, Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices, rolls, streaks and oblique waves, structures observed in the cited work, and also present in shear layers and jets. A dynamical system is obtained, and its transition to chaos is studied. Increasing Reynolds number $Re$ leads to pitchfork and Hopf bifurcations, and the latter leads to a limit cycle with amplitude modulation of vortices, as in the direct numerical simulations by Nogueira & Cavalieri. Further increase of $Re$ leads to the appearance of a chaotic saddle, followed by the emergence of quasi-periodic and chaotic attractors. The chaotic attractors suffer a merging crisis for higher $Re$, leading to a chaotic dynamics with amplitude modulation and phase jumps of vortices. This is reminiscent of observations of coherent structures in turbulent jets, suggesting that the model represents a dynamics consistent with features of shear layers and jets.
Collaborative Learning to Generate Audio-Video Jointly

There have been a number of techniques that have demonstrated the generation of multimedia data for one modality at a time using GANs, such as the ability to generate images, videos, and audio. However, so far, the task of multi-modal generation of data, specifically for audio and videos both, has not been sufficiently well-explored. Towards this, we propose a method that demonstrates that we are able to generate naturalistic samples of video and audio data by the joint correlated generation of audio and video modalities. The proposed method uses multiple discriminators to ensure that the audio, video, and the joint output are also indistinguishable from real-world samples. We present a dataset for this task and show that we are able to generate realistic samples. This method is validated using various standard metrics such as Inception Score, Frechet Inception Distance (FID) and through human evaluation.
The Circumnuclear Disk Revealed by ALMA. I. Dense Clouds and Tides in the Galactic Center

Utilizing the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, we present CS line maps in five rotational lines (J u = 7, 5, 4, 3, 2) toward the circumnuclear disk (CND) and streamers of the Galactic center. Our primary goal is to resolve the compact structures within the CND and the streamers, in order to understand the stability conditions of molecular cores in the vicinity of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) Sgr A*. Our data provide the first homogeneous high-resolution (1.″3 = 0.05 pc) observations aiming at resolving density and temperature structures. The CS clouds have sizes of 0.05–0.2 pc with a broad range of velocity dispersion (σ FWHM = 5–40 km s−1). The CS clouds are a mixture of warm (T k ≥ 50–500 K, nH2 = 103–105 cm−3) and cold gas (T k ≤ 50 K, nH2 = 106–108 cm−3). A stability analysis based on the unmagnetized virial theorem including tidal force shows that 84−37+16% of the total gas mass is tidally stable, which accounts for the majority of gas mass. Turbulence dominates the internal energy and thereby sets the threshold densities 10–100 times higher than the tidal limit at distance ≥1.5 pc to Sgr A*, and therefore it inhibits the clouds from collapsing to form stars near the SMBH. However, within the central 1 pc, the tidal force overrides turbulence and the threshold densities for a gravitational collapse quickly grow to ≥ 108 cm−3.
Density deficit of Earth’s core revealed by a multimegabar primary pressure scale

An accurate pressure scale is a fundamental requirement to understand planetary interiors. Here, we establish a primary pressure scale extending to the multimegabar pressures of Earth’s core, by combined measurement of the acoustic velocities and the density from a rhenium sample in a diamond anvil cell using inelastic x-ray scattering and x-ray diffraction. Our scale agrees well with previous primary scales and shock Hugoniots in each experimental pressure range and reveals that previous scales have overestimated laboratory pressures by at least 20% at 230 gigapascals. It suggests that the light element content in Earth’s inner core (the density deficit relative to iron) is likely to be double what was previously estimated, or Earth’s inner core temperature is much higher than expected, or some combination thereof.