Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isogenic Mammary Models of Intraductal Carcinoma Reveal Progression to Invasiveness in the Absence of a Non-Obligatory In Situ Stage

Simple Summary Breast cancer—ductal carcinoma of the breast and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC)—arises within the confines of the mammary ductal epithelium. Progression to IDC can occur through a pre-invasive, ductal carcinoma in situ stage (DCIS), or in the absence of DCIS. The immune system has recently been identified as a factor in disease progression, highlighting the need for immune-competent mouse models of pre-invasive disease. To model early-stage disease, we tested six distinct murine mammary tumor cell lines injected directly into the mammary ducts of immune-competent mice. We find that all six mouse cell lines bypassed a stable DCIS stage, rapidly progressing to IDC. Similarly, in immune-compromised mice, we observed IDC in the absence of DCIS, suggesting an intact immune system may not play a primary role in early disease progression in these mouse models. These models may be useful for the study of IDC that occur in the absence of DCIS, and in the development of immune therapies. Abstract In breast cancer, progression to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) involves interactions between immune, myoepithelial, and tumor cells. Development of IDC can proceed through ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a non-obligate, non-invasive stage, or IDC can develop without evidence of DCIS and these cases associate with poorer prognosis. Tractable, immune-competent mouse models are needed to help delineate distinct mechanisms of local tumor cell invasion and prognostic implications. To address these gaps, we delivered murine mammary carcinoma cell lines directly into the main mammary lactiferous duct of immune-competent mice. Using two strains of immune-competent mice (BALB/c, C57BL/6), one immune-compromised (severe combined immunodeficiency; SCID) C57BL/6 strain, and six different murine mammary cancer cell lines (D2.OR, D2A1, 4T1, EMT6, EO771, Py230), we found early loss of ductal myoepithelial cell differentiation markers p63, α-smooth muscle actin, and calponin, and rapid formation of IDC in the absence of DCIS. Rapid IDC formation also occurred in the absence of adaptive immunity. Combined, these studies demonstrate that loss of myoepithelial barrier function does not require an intact immune system, and suggest that these isogenic murine models may prove a useful tool to study IDC in the absence of a non-obligatory DCIS stage—an under-investigated subset of poor prognostic human breast cancer.
Ore Mineralogy and Typomorphism of Native Gold of the Spokoininsky Cluster of the Aldan–Stanovoy Gold Province

The ore mineralogy of a new promising target of the Aldan–Stanovoy gold province—the Spokoininsky cluster—is considered. Gold mineralization is represented by a volumetric, nonlinear type, unconventional for the region; it is related to elements of fold structures and reverse fault in the enclosing metamorphic basement rocks. Vein-disseminated sulfide–(pyrite)–quartz ores build up deposit-like bodies in beresites from gneisses and granite gneisses and are associated with Mesozoic igneous rocks of subalkaline formations. Mineralization is characterized by polysulfide (Fe-Cu-Pb); gold–bismuth (Au-Bi) and gold–silver–telluride (Au-Ag-Te) mineral types. Different mineral types have their own typomorphic minerals and typochemistry (fineness and impurities) of native gold. The widespread distribution of telluride mineralization and its great importance in the formation of gold mineralization on the Aldan shield is confirmed. The distribution area of bismuth (including tellurium–bismuth) mineralization in the southern part of the Aldan shield, in the zone of influence of the Stanovoy deep fault, has been identified.
GNSS Data/Pilot Combining with Extended Integrations for Carrier Tracking

Modern Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals are usually made of two components: a pilot and a data channel. The former is adopted to extend the integration time and improve receiver sensitivity, whereas the latter is used for data dissemination. Combining the two channels allows one to fully exploit the transmitted power and further improve receiver performance. The presence of data symbols in the data channel, however, limits the integration time in the combining process. When a pure data channel is considered, the integration time can be extended using a squaring operation, which removes the data symbols without affecting phase information. In this paper, Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation is used to derive the optimal data-pilot combining strategy and extend the integration time beyond the data symbol duration. In this way, a generalized correlator is obtained as the linear combination of the pilot and data components. The data component is multiplied by a non-linear term, which compensates for the presence of data bits. Under weak signal conditions, this multiplication leads to a form of squaring, which generalizes the squaring correlator used in data-only processing. The weights of the combination depend on the signal amplitude and noise variance that need to be estimated. The ML solution is integrated into a Phase Lock Loop (PLL) and used to process GNSS signals with data and pilot components. The proposed algorithm and its performance are characterized from a theoretical point of view, using semi-analytic simulations and through the processing of GNSS signals generated using a hardware simulator. The derived method is compared with other data/pilot combining strategies with extended integrations showing the advantages and drawbacks of the different approaches.
Safety Incidents in Psychiatric Inpatient Care: A Qualitative Content Analysis of Safety Incident Reports

Introduction. Safety is an essential factor in patient recovery, occupational well-being, and a well-functioning care environment. To identify and understand potential safety risks, information from safety incidents is needed. Aim. To describe safety incidents that occurred on psychiatric inpatient wards. Method. A retrospective register study. The data were collected from a web-based incident reporting database (HaiPro) from six Finnish psychiatric inpatient wards. The incident reports (N = 76) were analysed with descriptive statistics and inductive content analyses. Results. The incidents were verbally or physically aggressive situations, rule violations, or challenges in the ward’s basic activities. The incidents resulted in consequences for patients, personnel, and the wards with varying severity. Some of the incidents could have possibly been prevented with simple, practical measures, such as sharing information, being prepared for safety practices, and having comprehensively planned care. Discussion. Safety incidents cause fear and challenges and could partly be prevented with multiprofessional and multilevel cooperation. Implications for Practice. Preventative actions include multidisciplinary and ward-specific education for safety practices, ensuring resources and not having too many patients on the ward. Multiprofessional communication and mutual understanding, including patient participation, are central. Wards should be designed or renovated so that safe environments can be guaranteed.
LAMINAR NATURAL CONVECTION FROM AN ISOFLUX DISCRETE HEATER IN A VERTICAL CAVITY

ABSTRACT Laminar natural convection heat transfer in an air filled vertical square cavity differentially heated with a single isoflux discrete heater on one wall with top and bottom adiabatic surfaces is numerically studied. The coupled unsteady two-dimensional conservation equations are solved by employing a forward time central space implicit finite difference scheme. Numerical results reveal that the local Nusselt number decreases along the length of the heater at constant value of the modified Rayleigh number ( Ra *) with slight enhancement near the trailing edge. The heater location for the maximum heat dissipation rate is Rayleigh number dependent, which is in agreement with previous experimental and numerical results. A correlation for this location is obtained in addition to a relation for the dependence of the average Nusselt number on the modified Rayleigh number and the location parameter ( s/L ). Average Nusselt number variation for s / L = 0.25 to 0.75 and Ra * =10 3 to 10
Norm violations and punishments across human societies

Abstract Abstract Punishments for norm violations are hypothesised to be a crucial component of the maintenance of cooperation in humans but are rarely studied from a comparative perspective. We investigated the degree to which punishment systems were correlated with socioecology and cultural history. We took data from the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample database and coded ethnographic documents from a sample of 131 largely non-industrial societies. We recorded whether punishment for norm violations concerned adultery, religion, food, rape or war cowardice and whether sanctions were reputational, physical, material or execution. We used Bayesian phylogenetic regression modelling to test for culture-level covariation. We found little evidence of phylogenetic signals in evidence for punishment types, suggesting that punishment systems change relatively quickly over cultural evolutionary history. We found evidence that reputational punishment was associated with egalitarianism and the absence of food storage; material punishment was associated with the presence of food storage; physical punishment was moderately associated with greater dependence on hunting; and execution punishment was moderately associated with social stratification. Taken together, our results suggest that the role and kind of punishment vary both by the severity of the norm violation, but also by the specific socio-economic system of the society.
Differences in Gut Microbiome Profile between Healthy Children and Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and/or Autoimmune Liver Disease: A Case-Control Study

Background: The role of gastrointestinal microbiome in health and disease is increasingly appreciated. A significant amount of evidence clearly points to a dysbiosis manifest in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) when compared to healthy controls. Less understood is the microbiome profile in autoimmune liver disease (AILD). Both adult and paediatric data indicate a distinct microbial signature in patients with IBD and co-existent primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), which is unique and different compared to the microbial signature that exists in patients with IBD alone. However, there is limited information on the microbiome make-up of patients with parenchymal liver disease, with or without IBD. Methods: The present study sought to compare the microbiome of children with IBD, to those with IBD-AILD, those with AILD alone and those of healthy controls. Results: Results from this work indicate that children with AILD have a microbiome profile that mirrors healthy controls. Conclusion: Those with IBD-AILD and IBD have similar microbiome profiles which are distinct from AILD alone and healthy controls. This suggests that the dysbiosis in these groups is primarily due to IBD rather than AILD.
Modeling the Intermittent Lava Lake Drops Occurring Between 2015 and 2021 at Nyiragongo Volcano

Between 2015 and 2021, Nyiragongo's lava lake level experienced a linear increase punctuated by fast intermittent drops. These drops occurred synchronously to seismic swarm at approximately 15 km below the surface and extending laterally NE from the volcano. To interpret these lava lake level patterns in terms of reservoirs pressure evolution within Nyiragongo, we consider the following simplified plumbing system: a central reservoir is fed by a constant flux of magma, distributing the fluid up into the lava lake and laterally into a distal storage zone. Magma transport is driven by a pressure gradient between the magma storage bodies, accommodating influx and outflow of magma elastically, and the lava lake. Lateral transport at depth occurs through a hydraulic connection for which the flow resistance is coupled to the magma flux. When the right conditions are met, lateral magma transport occurs intermittently and triggers intermittent lava lake level drops matching the observations.
The Blinin Accumulation Promoted by CbMYB32 Involved in Conyza blinii Resistance to Nocturnal Low Temperature

Blinin, a unique terpenoid from Conyza blinii (C. blinii), benefits our health even though this is not its primary function. Physiological and ecological studies have found that the great secondary metabolites participate in important biological processes and relate to species evolution, environmental adaptation, and so on. Moreover, our previous studies have shown that the metabolism and accumulation of blinin has a close correspondence with nocturnal low temperature (NLT). To find out the transcriptional regulation linker in the crosstalk between blinin and NLT, RNA-seq, comparative analysis, and co-expression network were performed. The results indicated that CbMYB32 is located in a nucleus without independent transcriptional activation activity and is probably involved in the metabolism of blinin. Furthermore, we compared the silence and overexpression of CbMYB32 with wild C. blinii. Compared with the overexpression and the wildtype, the CbMYB32 silence line lost more than half of the blinin and detected more peroxide under NLT. Finally, as a characteristic secret of C. blinii, it is reasonable to infer that blinin participates in the NLT adaptation mechanism and has contributed to the systematic evolution of C. blinii.
Effects of shear flow on KdV balance - applications to tsunami

Building upon recent work in the applicability of soliton theory to tsunami propagation, we discuss the effects of shear flow on the KdV balance. This leads in the shallow-water limit to the Burns condition, and we see that for shear which does not yield critical layer solutions, the speeds determined by the Burns condition arise again in the KdV balance. In the event of waves propagating counter to the shear, KdV dynamics arise earlier, while their appearance is delayed in the case of waves propagating with the shear, the magnitude of this effect depending on the surface shear velocity.
Effects of Phage Cocktail, Probiotics, and Their Combination on Growth Performance and Gut Microbiota of Broiler Chickens

Simple Summary The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the growing demand for poultry products have led to an interest in finding alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) used in poultry farming. Probiotics, which have been shown to have positive effects on performance and health in chickens, are among the most recognised alternatives to AGPs. However, the use of probiotics in commercial farming has not been fully optimised. One of the major challenges arises from the competition of probiotics with other gut microbiota for adhesion and nutrients. This study investigated the use of a phage cocktail in combination with probiotics as a potential alternative to AGPs in poultry farming. The results showed that the combination of phage and probiotics improved growth performance in chickens and had a positive impact on the diversity and composition of gut microbiota. This study suggests that using a phage cocktail in combination with probiotics could be a promising alternative to AGPs for poultry production. Abstract Phages, which are often used therapeutically, have begun to receive interest as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) for enhancing chicken growth. Another option that has been extensively studied as a growth promoter in chickens is probiotics. To the best of our knowledge, there is currently no study available on the use of phages and probiotics in combination as potential feed additives for broiler chickens. Therefore, this study demonstrated the effects of a phage cocktail, probiotics, and their combination on the growth performance and gut microbiota of broiler chickens. A total of 288 one-day-old male Cobb 500 broilers were randomly allotted to one of six treatments in a completely randomised design. The treatments were (i) C (basal diet (BD) only), (ii) 1ϕ (BD + 0.1% phage cocktail), (iii) 2ϕ (BD + 0.2% phage cocktail), (iv) P (BD + 0.1% probiotic), (v) 1ϕP (BD + 0.1% phage cocktail + 0.1% probiotic), and (vi) 2ϕP (BD + 0.2% phage cocktail + 0.1% probiotic). The 1ϕP treatment had significantly (p < 0.05) better BW (35 days), BWG (22–35 days, 1–35 days), and FCR (1–21 days, 22–35 days, 1–35 days) compared to C. Unique gut microbiota diversity was also found between the ϕP (1ϕP and 2ϕP) and non-ϕP groups (C, 1ϕ, 2ϕ, and P) in ilea, particularly in the 35-day-old chickens. Microorganisms associated with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers were significantly (p < 0.05) more present in the ϕP group than in the non-ϕP group. The predicted genes related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism were significantly upregulated in ϕP groups compared to non-ϕP groups. These genes were involved in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, as well as the production of energy. Our findings showed that the 1ϕP treatment could be a potential alternative to AGPs for poultry, as growth performance was enhanced, and gut microbiota was positively modulated.
Seebeck and thermal conductivity analysis in amorphous/crystalline β-K2Bi8Se13 nanocomposite materials

In this work, ball milling is applied on β-K2Bi8Se13 compounds in order to explore the potential of the process for the fabrication of nano-based material. Polycrystalline β-K2Bi8Se13, synthesized from melt, was ball milled under inert atmosphere. Powder x-ray diffraction showed a significantly increased disorder with ball milling time. TEM studies confirmed the presence of nanocrystalline material in an amorphous matrix, suggesting the development of crystalline/amorphous β-K2Bi8Se13 nanocomposite material via ball milling process. Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity were analyzed based on the effective medium theory and show a significant contribution of a nanocrystalline phase.
Analysis of Multiconjugate Adaptive Optics

Adaptive optics has been used to obtain spectacular images of binary stars with nearly diffraction limited resolution [1]. To date, however, we have not seen similar pictures of, for example, the planet Jupiter, because of the small size of the corrected field. Theoretical analysis of adaptive optical telescopes has shown that the low levels of residual phase error required to achieve such high resolution is only obtained over a field which is a few arcseconds in diameter [2]. The reason for this limitation is that as the reference source used for wavefront sensor (WFS) measurements is increasingly separated from the object points to be compensated, the reference and object wavefronts are increasingly decorrelated. When the angular separation between object and wavefront is greater than approximately the isoplanatic angle, the WFS measurements are no longer useful for image compensation.
Numerical modelling of solid particle motion using a new penalty method

The present article reports on an original implicit tensorial penalty method (ITPM) for modelling solid particle motion in an incompressible flow. The basic idea is to decompose the viscous stress tensor of Navier–Stokes equation into contributions representing elongation, pure shearing and rotation. An artificial viscosity is associated to each stress contribution. The penalty method is used to impose different stress components thanks to a generalized augmented Lagrangian method implemented by introducing four Lagrange multipliers. An iterative Uzawa algorithm is finally used to achieve the numerical solution. The classical problems of Couette's flow between two coaxial cylinders and the settling of a particle in a tank filled with a viscous fluid have been chosen to demonstrate the capability of the new method. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solid immersion optical lithography: index matching and resonant reflectors for large exposure field, high-aspect ratio imaging in the ultrahigh-numerical aperture regime

Abstract. Recent work has investigated the resonant dielectric reflectors for high-aspect ratio (AR) imaging and the necessary requirements for index-matching liquids (IMLs) at the prism/sample interface when imaging using a solid immersion Lloyd’s mirror interference lithography (SILMIL) system. These past results showed that SILMIL systems require a prism/IML refractive index (RI) (real component) mismatch less than approximately ±0.02 and an imaginary RI component ≤5×10−5 to achieve good reproducibility and uniformity of high-AR resist structures in the ultrahigh-NA (UHNA) regime without system gapping control. Here, we present simulated and experimental results for an index-matched prism/IML combination and for an IML with an imaginary RI component of ∼10−5. These results present the first SILMIL system that can produce both low- and high-AR resist structures over larger exposure fields than previously reported and without gapping control. We also present simulated and experimental results that show the AR process latitude, which further highlights the improved control compared with previous SILMIL research. Finally, we present simulated results from a materials survey that show new potential candidate dielectric underlayer materials that can accommodate high-AR imaging in the UHNA regime, some of which are better geared for the semiconductor industry.
Cascading photoinduced, elastic, and thermal switching of spin states triggered by a femtosecond laser pulse in an Fe(III) molecular crystal

In this paper we put on solid ground the optical time-resolved study of spin-state photoinduced switching in an Fe(III) compound whose structural dynamics have been recently unveiled. We provide the experimental evidence of complex dynamics, occurring in succession, and spanning ten decades in time. We show that in addition to the ultrafast photoinduced molecular switching occurring on the subpicosecond timescale, there exists two additional switching processes significantly affecting the fate of the macroscopic material: one driven by elastic interactions as volume expansion occurs on a tens of nanoseconds timescale, and another one associated with heat diffusion and thermal switching taking place on a tens of microseconds timescale.
Semilinear Second Order Elliptic Oscillation

These pages summarize recent progress on the oscillation problem for semilinear elliptic partial differential equations of the form (1) in unbounded domains Ω in n-dimensional Euclidean space R n. Our attention is restricted to the second order symmetric equation (1), and completeness is not attempted; the emphasis is on results obtained in the last five years.
Spiraling bifurcation diagrams in superlinear indefinite problems

This paper computes and discusses a series of intricate global bifurcation diagrams for a class of one-dimensional superlinear indefinite boundary value problems arising in population dynamics, under non-homogeneous boundary conditions, measured by $M>0$; the main bifurcation parameter being the amplitude $b$ of the superlinear terms.