Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In vitro evaluation of anti-bacterial spectrum and phytochemical analysis of Acacia nilotica

The antibacterial activity of aqueous extract, different solvent extracts and isolated constituents of leaves of Acacia nilotica (Family: Fabaceae) were evaluated by the cup diffusion method against three phytopathogenic Xanthomonas pathovars viz., Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum, X. a. pv. phaseoli and X. campestris pv. vesicatoria associated with angular leaf spot of cotton, common blight of bean and bacterial spot of tomato respectively and 14 human pathogenic bacteria. Aqueous, methanol and ethanol extracts showed significant antibacterial activity against all the pathovars of Xanthomonas and 14 human pathogenic bacteria tested. Methanol extract was subsequently fractioned and monitored by bioassay leading to the isolation of active fraction by further phytochemical analysis. This active fraction recorded highly significant antibacterial activity in vitro (MIC 5, 6 and 7 μg/ml for Xanthomonas pathovars and 6-12 μg/ml for human pathogenic bacteria) compared with synthetic antibiotics like Bact-805 and K-cycline for phytopathogenic bacteria and Gentamicin and Streptomycin for human pathogenic bacteria. The results also revealed that further separation of active fraction resulted in the loss of antibacterial activity, indicating synergistic effect of the isolated active fraction.
Centre Emile Bernheim

We provide first evidence of the impact of over-education, among natives and immigrants, on firmlevel productivity and wages. We use Belgian linked panel data and rely on the methodology from Hellerstein et al. (1999) to estimate ORU (over-, required, and under-education) equations aggregated at the firm level. Our results show that the over-education wage premium is higher for natives than for immigrants. However, since the differential in productivity gains associated with over-education between natives and immigrants outweighs the corresponding wage premium differential, we conclude – based on OLS and dynamic GMM-SYS estimates – that over-educated native workers are in fact underpaid to a greater extent than their over-educated immigrant counterparts. This conclusion is refined by sensitivity analyses, when testing the role of immigrants’ background (e.g. region of birth, immigrant generation, age at arrival in the host country, tenure).
Method for the Use of Naturalistic Driving Study Data to Analyze Rear-End Crash Sequences

Many factors are associated with crash risk, but their contribution to the progression of a crash is often unclear. Research on and understanding of the crash sequence are needed. One of the advantages of studying crash sequence is to identify the causative chain of crashes and, subsequently, the identification of effective countermeasures that may feasibly mitigate crash risk. An analogy to epidemiological studies is particularly useful: although researchers confirm that many factors are associated with an increase in the probability of myocardial infarction, there is still a need to research the disease process, the physiological process that promotes disease growth, and the possible interventions to treat or even prevent the disease. This study used data from the Integrated Vehicle-Based Safety System program. Two freeway rear-end events, including one crash and one near crash, with similar crash sequences were studied. The crash sequences of the two events were as follows: (a) the drivers maintained a temporal headway of less than 1 s at the beginning; (b) the traffic flow conditions were likely to cause misjudgments by the drivers and result in glances in inappropriate directions; (c) when the drivers were distracted, the leading vehicle decelerated; (d) the drivers did not decelerate accordingly and had their feet on the accelerator pedal; and (e) one event resulted in a crash and the other in a near crash. This study highlighted an approach for comparing and dissecting the differences in the crash sequence that led to the different outcomes.
Trip Detection with Smartphone-Assisted Collection of Travel Data

This paper puts forward a method that automatically detects trips and trip segments with data on the instantaneous movement attributes of individuals that can be collected automatically by smartphone sensors. The goal is to enhance the accuracy of the data collected through the better identification of single-mode trips and trip segments while minimizing the participant’s involvement and preserving battery life. The proposed method works independently of data from external sources and can be implemented in smartphone applications to enhance the accuracy of the data that are collected and minimize the amount of data that need to be transferred. The method consists of a combination of real-time processing and postprocessing of the data and incorporates a series of rules to clean, split, and merge trips and trip segments, if required. The performance of the model was evaluated in a real-world experiment, in which it achieved an overall accuracy of 97% for the detection of trips from records of daily tracks. The analysis of the results shows that the implementation of the trip detection model increased the proportion of nonmotorized trips detected by 6%. In addition, the implementation of the model increased the accuracy of the data on the duration and the length of the recorded trips.
Social innovation in multinational co-ops: Towards a more balanced governance

Ignacio Bretos: Departamento de Dirección y Organización de Empresas, Universidad de Zaragoza. Gran Vía 2, 50005 Zaragoza. ibretos@unizar.es Anjel Errasti: Gizarte Ekonomia eta Zuzenbide Kooperatiboaren Institutoa GEZKI. Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea Universidad del País Vasco. Oñati plaza 1, 20018 Donostia. a.errasti@ehu.eus Carmen Marcuello : Departamento de Dirección y Organización de Empresas, Universidad de Zaragoza. Gran Vía 2, 50005 Zaragoza. ibretos@unizar.es Millán Díaz-Foncea: Departamento de Dirección y Organización de Empresas, Universidad de Zaragoza. Gran Vía 2, 50005 Zaragoza. ibretos@unizar.es
A Comparative Study of Some Land Evaluation Systems for Irrigated Agriculture in El Moghra Area, Egypt

This study was carried out in El Moghra area, North of the Western Desert, Egypt where the area falls in arid climate. The study aims to classify the soils, mapping the land capability and suitability according to different local and international systems and compare those systems for agriculture to set the optimum land utilization planning. Visual interpretations of Landsat-8 OLI image with information obtained from ground truth data and soil survey have been used to map the soils under investigation in terms of American taxonomy system. Five land evaluation systems were applied; USDA Land Capability Classification (USDA-NRCS, 2005), Land capability classification for irrigated agriculture (Sys and Verhey, 1978), Micro LEIS (De la Rosa et al., 2004), Applied System for Land Evaluation (Ismail et al., 2001) and Land suitability classification for certain crops (Sys et al., 1991a, b and 1993). Results reveal that El Moghra soils could be distinguished into four sub great soil groups, namely; Typic Torripsamments (63.1%), Typic Torriorthents (9.8%), Typic Haplosalids (22.7%) and Calcic Haplosalids (4.4%). With regard to the land capability, the study indicated that El Moghra soils are mostly belonging to class III (86.6%) and the rest of the area follows class II (13.4%) according to the USDA LCC, whilst the soils are shared by the marginal (S3) and currently not suitable lands (N1) according to Sys and Verhey (1978). By applying the Micro LEIS, it was found that about 68.7% of the total area belongs to moderate class, while 31.3% of the area is a part of marginal class. Also, the study indicated that the area is almost not suitable (C6) for agriculture according to ASLE system. With respect to the soil suitability for certain crops, 30 crops were tested and the results showed that there are three levels according to priority of utilization: first priority for crops (Panicum, Jojobe, Jatropha Olive, Fig, Date Palm, Cotton, Sun Flower, Barley, Wheat and Sugar Beet), second priority for crops (Sorghum, Grape, Water Melon, Sugar Cane, Cabbage, Alfalfa, and Potato, Tomato and Maize) and a third priority for crops (Pepper, Rice, Pea, Peanut, Soya Bean, Faba Bean, Onion, Apple, Banana and Citrus). According to ASLE and Micro LEIS, the coarse texture, high calcium carbonate content and alkalinity are the main constrains affecting soil suitability for agriculture. Panicum, Jojobe and Jatropha are introduced to be grown in the studied area as these plants can grow in marginal soils and proved to sustain in desert land.
DOES CORPORATE GOVERNANCE INFLUENCE VALUE CREATION: ASSESSING THE MEDIATING ROLE OF CSR AND TAX AVOIDANCE

This study aims to investigate the influence of CG on value creation both directly and as a mediating role in the form of tax avoidance and CSR. The panel data approach was employed, using a sample of 32 multisectoral companies, excluding those in the financial sector, that are listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2019. The data is analyzed using the Smart PLS. In this study, value creation was measured using Tobin’s Q, and CG was measured using the Corporate Governance Index (CGI); while the mediating variable, in the form of tax avoidance, was measured using the Henry & Sansing formula, and CSR was measured using the GRI-G4 index. The result showed that corporate governance has a direct significant impact on value creation. Furthermore, it is found that CSR & tax avoidance could not mediate the relationship between CG and value creation.
Studying the influence of shading devices on indoor thermal comfort in desert and Mediterranean climates

Thermal comfort is regarded as the most important issue in residential buildings. To verify the thermal performance of the envelope components used for the promotional apartments in Algeria, whether they are adapted to the hot and dry southern climate, or the Mediterranean climate, and to understand the effect of fixed and combined horizontal and vertical shading devices of different dimensions (12 cm, 25 cm, and 50 cm) on the indoor thermal comfort of these apartments, two main climatic zones have been considered in this study, the first is a desert climate of (Biskra, Ghardaïa, and Ouargla), while the second is a Mediterranean climate of (Algiers, Oran, Bari, and Naples). The methodology of this research was based on a comparative approach to the outcomes of a stay in an apartment in Biskra, which was looked at as a model for other desert and Mediterranean cities, based on the operative temperature data of different scenarios obtained through several simulations, which conducted by the use TrnSys software. The findings suggest that the double-walled hollow brick envelope causes a very severe indoor thermal environment (To<29) in dwellings located in desert regions such as Biskra, Ghardaïa, and Ouargla. In addition, the findings also suggest that shading devices are more effective for apartments located in the Mediterranean region (Algiers, Oran, Bari, Naples) than those located in the desert region. In the desert region, the use of mechanical cooling devices in the summer period is considered the most adequate solution to ensure the occupants’ thermal comfort. To identify the most optimal shading device models, future research based on the parametric simulation of kinetic shading devices is needed.
Multi-Band Bathymetry Mapping with Spiking Neuron Anomaly Detection

The developed method extracts bathymetry distributions from multiple satellite image bands. The automated remote sensing function is sparsely coded and combines spiking neural net anomaly filtration, spline, and multi-band fittings. Survey data were used to identify an activation threshold, decay rate, spline fittings, and multi-band weighting factors. Errors were computed for remotely sensed Landsat satellite images. Multi-band fittings achieved an average error of 25.3 cm. This proved sufficiently accurate to automatically extract shorelines to eliminate land areas in bathymetry mapping.
The Secret Life of Software Vulnerabilities: A Large-Scale Empirical Study

Software vulnerabilities are weaknesses in source code that can be potentially exploited to cause loss or harm. While researchers have been devising a number of methods to deal with vulnerabilities, there is still a noticeable lack of knowledge on their software engineering life cycle, for example how vulnerabilities are introduced and removed by developers. This information can be exploited to design more effective methods for vulnerability prevention and detection, as well as to understand the granularity at which these methods should aim. To investigate the life cycle of known software vulnerabilities, we focus on how, when, and under which circumstances the contributions to the introduction of vulnerabilities in software projects are made, as well as how long, and how they are removed. We consider 3,663 vulnerabilities with public patches from the National Vulnerability Database—pertaining to 1,096 open-source software projects on GitHub—and define an eight-step process involving both automated parts (e.g., using a procedure based on the SZZ algorithm to find the vulnerability-contributing commits) and manual analyses (e.g., how vulnerabilities were fixed). The investigated vulnerabilities can be classified in 144 categories, take on average at least 4 contributing commits before being introduced, and half of them remain unfixed for at least more than one year. Most of the contributions are done by developers with high workload, often when doing maintenance activities, and removed mostly with the addition of new source code aiming at implementing further checks on inputs. We conclude by distilling practical implications on how vulnerability detectors should work to assist developers in timely identifying these issues.
A harmonic drive model considering geometry and internal interaction

A new harmonic drive model considering the geometry, internal interactions and assembly error of key parts is proposed in this paper. In this model, a single tooth pair is used to represent the transmission mechanism of harmonic drive. The meshing stiffness between the flexspline and the circular spline, the torsional stiffness of the flexspline cylinder, and the radial stiffness of the thin-walled ball bearing are included and formulated. The kinematic error is fitted using a low-velocity test, and its generating mechanism is analysed. The friction of the harmonic drive is formulated at the tooth meshing section and at the ball bearing, where its parameters are identified based on experimental results. Based on the new model, velocity step simulations are conducted. For comparison, velocity step experiments at eight different velocities from 60 to 3000 r/min are performed, and the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The new model reveals the dynamic behaviour of the harmonic drive system; therefore, it will be useful for the dynamic design and precision control of harmonic drive systems.
Applying a classification and regression tree approach to identify individual, socioenvironmental, and psychological interactions associated with suicidal ideation among Latinx adolescents

Introduction: The present study sought to uncover previously unknown interactions stemming from individual, socioenvironmental, and psychological factors associated with suicidal ideation among Latinx adolescents using a classification and regression tree (CART) modeling approach. Methods: This cross-sectional study included national data from a sample of 656 Latinx adolescents who participated in the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Self-report data was collected on suicidal ideation, individual, socioenvironmental, and psychological factors. Results: CART identified several interactions that classified Latinx adolescents as endorsing suicidal ideation. The first split identified parental monitoring as a significant predictor of suicidal ideation, successfully classifying over 50% of the sample (n = 360). The ensuing interaction occurred between lower parental monitoring and depression symptoms, followed by increased parental monitoring and BMI. Other interactions included sex, self-rated health, household size, and peer relationships. CART results suggest that BMI was the most influential variable associated with suicidal ideation, followed by self-rated health and parental monitoring. Conclusion: Since suicidal thoughts and behaviors are malleable, utilizing an individual, socioenvironmental, and psychological framework would continue to provide comprehensive approaches to identifying data-driven interactions between risk and protective factors that may lessen the heightened risk of suicidal ideation among Latinx adolescents. Journal of Health and Social Sciences 2021; 6,4:527-543 The Italian Journal for Interdisciplinary Health and Social Development
Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and the Related Factors among 3-5- Year-Old Children in Babol, Iran

Received: Revised: Accepted: Abstract Statement of the Problem: Regular dental attendance is critical for maintaining and improving children's oral health and well-being. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) and its related factors in children 3-5 years old in Babol, Iran. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 280 children aged 3-5 years in the kindergartens of Babol. Children were examined for dental caries according to World Health Organization criteria. The variables such as age, gender, health and nutritional habits, parents' educational level, parents' job status, and dental care were recorded in the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using T-test, chi-square and Anova and p< 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Average decayed-missing-filled teeth (dmft) was 4.03±3.6 and 73.2% of children had ECC, while 26.8% were caries-free. A significant association was found between age, snack consumption, father’s education, mother’s job, nocturnal drinking milk, tooth-brushing, and dental examination before two years old with ECC. Conclusion: The results of this analysis showed a high prevalence of ECC in Babol. Therefore, educational and interventional programs in prevention and dental health care, especially for mothers, nurses and teachers of these age groups, should be considered.
Burning Susceptibility Modeling to Reduce Wildfire Impacts: A GIS and Multivariate Statistics Approach

Forest burning susceptibility mapping is a tool to mitigate wildfires, with several methods to develop them. This study aimed to compare the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), and Random Forest (RF) methods for mapping. Several variables were used to generate the maps. For MLR and RF methods, fire frequency between 1990 and 2010 was used as the response variable in the models. To validate the methods (AHP, MLR and RF), fire data between 2011 and 2018 were used in four stages. RF was the best method employed. Correct and incorrect values for this method were 74% and 26% and AUC 0.66. The sensitivity and specificity for the highest risk class were 31% and 96%. The low sensitivity values can be attributed to the randomness attributed to anthropic fire. The high specificity values point to a good separation of the higher risk class compared to the others.
Magnitude Of Dental Anxiety And Associated Factors Among Outpatient Dental Clinics Of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital And Mekelle General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia

Background: Dental anxiety has been reported to lead to avoidance behavior and cause a delay in regular or necessary dental treatment and this also negatively affects dental health. However, the problem remained rarely investigated in our setting and at the national level. This study aims to assess the prevalence of dental anxiety and associated factors among dental clinics of Ayder comprehensive specialized hospital and Mekelle hospital. Objectives: To assess the magnitude of dental anxiety and associated factors among dental clinics of Ayder comprehensive specialized hospital and Mekelle hospital, Mekelle, Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia, 2019. Methods: An Institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted to assess the prevalence of dental anxiety. The study was conducted from September 2019 to November 2019 on a total sample size of 236. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select participants. A Farsi version of the MDAS questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data collected was entered into a computer for analysis mainly using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for version 21. Then, data were coded, cleaned and some consistency checks were made to assess the quality. It was done by running frequencies and cross-tabulation among various reported cases or variables. Result: Females were 1.89 times AOR=1.896, 95% CI, [1.003-3.585] higher than males to develop dental anxiety. Urban residents were 2.57 times AOR= 2.576, 95% CI, [1.060-6.259] higher to develop dental anxiety than those who reside in rural. Regarding avoidance of dental care, those who avoid dental care were 5.77 times AOR=5.768, 95% CI, [2.107-15.79] higher to develop dental anxiety than those who don’t avoid dental care. In respect of pain, patients who have experienced pain during the recent visit were 2.75 times higher AOR= 2.747, 95% CI, [1.101-6.854] higher to develop dental anxiety than those who didn’t experience pain. Conclusion: The magnitude of dental anxiety among patients visiting Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Mekelle General Hospital is high as 53.8% in the study. Sex of the respondent, residence, pain during a recent visit, and avoidance of dental care was found to be significantly associated with dental anxiety, which could become a barrier to receiving adequate dental care and improving the oral health of those who suffer from it.
Rural Financial Efficiency, Agricultural Technological Progress and Agricultural Carbon Emissions: Evidence from China

Based on the 30-province panel data in China during 2005-2018, this paper uses the DEA-SBM model and DEA-Malmquist model to measure rural financial efficiency and agricultural technological progress respectively and then uses the mediating effect model to analyze the linear influence. The results show that rural financial efficiency and agricultural technological progress both can inhibit agricultural carbon emissions, while agricultural technological progress plays a mediating role when rural financial efficiency influences agricultural carbon emissions. What’s more, this paper uses the threshold effect model to analyze the non-linear influence. The findings reveal that when rural financial efficiency improves, the effects of rural financial efficiency and agricultural technology advances on agricultural carbon emissions shift from promoter to inhibitor.
LUMBAR HYPERLORDOSIS PREVENTION AND ITS ASSOCIATED PATHOLOGIES IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS PREVENCIÓN DE HIPERLORDOSIS LUMBAR Y PATOLOGÍAS ASOCIADAS EN GIMNASTAS DE GIMNASIA RÍTMICA

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of a 12 weeks program based on stretching and muscle strengthening in a group of 30 non-elite gymnasts, young Rhythmic Gymnastics (RG) (8.37 ± 1.81 years). Thus, to prevent Lumbar Hyperlordosis (LHL) and its associated pathologies: Low Back Pain (LBP). Control group continued with their regular RG training. Lordosis curve was assessed through the Sagittal Arrow’s Test before and after intervention. In the Rev.int.med.cienc. act. fís. deporte vol. 21 número 84 ISSN: 1577-0354 748 same way, gymnasts were interviewed about their LBP incidence. Lordosis curve was reduced significantly after intervention (p < 0.05) and LBP incidence decreased a 33.3%. A relationship between lordosis curve level and LBP incidence was not found. As a result, program's effect size was small. We encourage to continue applying this kind of initiatives in RG training.