Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A survey of malaria prevalence and antimalarial preventive measures amongst students of University of Lagos, Nigeria

The prevalence of malaria parasite and antimalarial preventive measures among students of University of Lagos, Nigeria was carried out between November 2014 and February 2015. Blood samples were collected from 400 students (with age ranging from 15-46year) by finger pricking and analyzed microscopically and by Rapid Diagnostic Test kit. Semi-structured questionnaire probing into their knowledge of the cause of malaria, ability to recognize signs and symptoms, treatment seeking behaviour was distributed to the respondents. The prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum by microscopy was significantly lower (p=0.0000042). More than three quarters of the respondents (88.5%) had a good knowledge of the cause of malaria and were able to identify signs and symptoms of malaria which included headache (51.5%), fever (26%), dizziness (9.5%). Also more than half of the students (202) visit hospital when they recognize such signs while others visit Pharmaceutical outlets (130), drug hawkers (37) or use herbal remedy (31). Malaria preventive measures employed by students ranges from the use of Long-Lasting Insecticide Treated Bednets (74), topical mosquito repellant cream (65) to cleaning the environment (54). Furthermore, half of the students (50%) reported having malaria bouts twice per year, 35% once annually while 15% could not remember how often they have it. These bouts of various frequencies resulted in 360 (90%) of the students being absent from school from less than 10 days to more than 20 days. Proactively placing preventive measures would negate cascades of effects amongst the students. Continuous studies should be carried out to assess the prevalence of malaria in different foci of Nigeria and the level of awareness on the benefits of use of preventive measures should be emphasized among community members if Nigeria and Africa as a whole will meet the elimination target by 2030.
Modeling Resistance and Recurrence Patterns of Combined Targeted–Chemoradiotherapy Predicts Benefit of Shorter Induction Period

A biomathematical framework based on fundamental principles of evolution and radiobiology for in silico clinical trial design allows clinicians to optimize administration of TKIs before chemoradiotherapy in oncogene-driven NSCLC. Optimal integration of molecularly targeted therapies, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), with concurrent chemotherapy and radiation (CRT) to improve outcomes in genotype-defined cancers remains a current challenge in clinical settings. Important questions regarding optimal scheduling and length of induction period for neoadjuvant use of targeted agents remain unsolved and vary among clinical trial protocols. Here, we develop and validate a biomathematical framework encompassing drug resistance and radiobiology to simulate patterns of local versus distant recurrences in a non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) population with mutated EGFR receiving TKIs and CRT. Our model predicted that targeted induction before CRT, an approach currently being tested in clinical trials, may render adjuvant targeted therapy less effective due to proliferation of drug-resistant cancer cells when using very long induction periods. Furthermore, simulations not only demonstrated the competing effects of drug-resistant cell expansion versus overall tumor regression as a function of induction length, but also directly estimated the probability of observing an improvement in progression-free survival at a given cohort size. We thus demonstrate that such stochastic biological simulations have the potential to quantitatively inform the design of multimodality clinical trials in genotype-defined cancers. Significance: A biomathematical framework based on fundamental principles of evolution and radiobiology for in silico clinical trial design allows clinicians to optimize administration of TKIs before chemoradiotherapy in oncogene-driven NSCLC.
The Pathology of Diverticular Disease: Practical Considerations and Controversies

On completion of this educational activity, learners will be better able to: (1) Distinguish between involvement of the sigmoid colon by ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and the recently described entity “sigmoid colitis associated with diverticular disease”, and make accurate diagnoses of the causes of sigmoid colitis. (2) Understand the pathophysiology of diverticular disease, including the changes reported to occur in the longitudinal and circular muscles of the colon wall, and recognize the clinical complications of the disease. Abstract Left-sided diverticular disease of the colon is a common affliction of the elderly that is widely believed to be a consequence, at least in part, of consumption of low fiber diets. Complications of diverticulosis (diverticulitis, hemorrhage, perforation, peridiverticular abscess, fistula, stricture) account for >300,000 hospital admissions annually in the United States at a cost of $2.6 billion. Morphologic changes in the sigmoid colon include shortening of this segment of large intestine with thickening of the circular muscle of the bowel wall, enlargement of the crescentic folds of circular muscle and the mucosal folds, and bunching up of the mesocolon. Mucosal diverticula emerge through the thickened circular muscle into the subserosa at points of entry of blood vessels as a result of locally increased intracolonic pressure. The development of the muscular changes predates formation of diverticula. It is claimed by some investigators that the muscle changes are not due to hypertrophy or hyperplasia but this has been disputed. A substantial increase in the elastin content of the taeniae with increasing age and in diverticular disease has been reported, without alterations in the content of elastin or collagen in the circular muscle. Increased cross-linking of collagen increases the rigidity of the bowel wall. Myoelectrical and mannometric studies show hypermotility of the sigmoid colon in diverticular disease and increased intraluminal pressure, and morphologic studies have documented loss of neurons with age, and also loss of the interstitial cells of Cajal, believed to be the pacemakers of the colon.
Turning a Blind or Critical Eye to Leader Value Breaches: The Role of Value Congruence in Employee Perceptions of Leader Integrity

How do employees react when an organizational leader commits a value breach (i.e., behaves in a way that employees perceive as inconsistent with the organization’s espoused values)? Prior research provides a mixed view: Employees may conclude that the leader lacks integrity, or they may maintain their perception of the leader’s integrity, despite the breach. We focus on the role of person–organization value congruence in determining employee reactions and propose competing predictions that value congruence is positively (“blind eye effect”) or negatively (“critical eye effect”) associated with employee perceptions of leader behavioral integrity following a breach. In Study 1, field survey data suggested that value congruence was positively associated with the perceived integrity of a leader who had committed a breach. However, two follow-up studies using an experimental vignette methodology revealed additional nuance. An integration of our three studies indicated that before the occurrence of any breaches, employees with high value congruence perceive leaders as higher in integrity than do employees with low value congruence (pre-breach sacralization), but when leaders commit one or more value breaches, high value congruence employees react more harshly—lowering their integrity perceptions to a greater extent (the critical eye effect). As a result, as leaders commit more and more breaches, the initially positive relationship between value congruence and perceived leader integrity weakens and eventually becomes negative. Our findings offer important contributions to theory, research, and practice related to organizational values and leadership.
Insights into the complexity of the excited states of Eu-doped luminescent materials

It has always been a spectroscopist's dream to correlate a material's luminescence properties with its microscopic structure, based on reliable structure–property relationships. Electronic structure methods are promising to achieve this goal; yet they are especially challenging in the case of Eu-based materials which are known to feature exceptionally high density of excited states, large spins and severe electron correlation. In this work, state-of-the-art multiconfigurational ab initio embedded-cluster methods are applied to gain a deeper insight into the luminescence mechanisms of Eu2+ and Eu3+-doped phosphors. Regardless of the difficulties, very accurate excitation energies are achieved, reaching 68% prediction intervals of 300 cm−1, corresponding to an accuracy of 5–10 nm in the visible wavelength range. Complete configurational coordinate curves are obtained, yielding breathing mode vibrational frequencies and equilibrium bond lengths for all excited states. Moreover, electric dipole transition moments and oscillator strengths are used to calculate absorption spectra. Excellent agreement with experiment is found. The ab initio calculations give an unprecedented detailed view of the Eu2+ excited state landscape, allowing for an improved understanding of its structure, including the origin of the so-called ‘staircase structure’ and the role of ligand covalency in the ligand field and exchange splitting. It is found that more covalent host compounds feature higher exchange splittings due to an increased stabilization of high-spin states by the interaction with virtual LMCT states. It is verified that the equilibrium Eu–ligand bond length contracts upon 4f–5d excitation towards the lowest 5d submanifold and that the bond lengths are directly related to the configurational character of the electronic eigenstate. Moreover, comparing ab initio calculations with crystal field calculations proves that a decoupled model for the Eu2+ excited states is inadequate, making the use of an intermediate coupling scheme compulsory. With this approach, computational design of luminescent materials is getting within reach.
Surgical outcomes of congenital heart diseases in a pediatric hospital: a two-year survey

Introduction: Along with advances occurring in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) including improved anesthesia intubation and early surgical interventions, it has become possible to correct life-threatening congenital heart anatomic abnormalities in patients. Our study aimed to collect information from one of the most important centers of pediatric cardiac surgery in Iran since there is limited information in this field in our country. Methods: In this study, the results of pediatric cardiac surgery and mortality were studied for two years. A retrospective, descriptive study was carried out on 789 patients within two years. 401cases were excluded as they had congenital heart disease complexity. The patients were referred from other pediatric cardiac medical centers. Information related to kinds of surgical operation and deaths were collected from patients' documents and questionnaire. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistical tests in SPSS version-16. Results: The age range of patients varied from three days to 18 years. The male/female ratio was 53.4%. CPB was not applied for 21.1% of patients. The frequency of operations included PDA (Patent Ductus Arteriosous) [D&L] (%8.5), total correction for TF (Tetralogy of Fallot) (%16.7), systemic to pulmonary shunt (%26.5), ASD (Atrial Septal Defect) and VSD (Ventricular Septal Defect) closure (%5.4) and (%28), respectively as well as coarctationrepaire (%14.6). Total mortality rate was 8.6%. Analysis of the operated population showed that outcome of patients has improved in recent
Design and modelling of InGaP/GaSb tandem cell with embedded 1D GaAs quantum superlattice

The lower photo-generated current in a top cell limits the performance of the tandem solar cell by restricting the short circuit current density. To overcome this, the top cell must be suitably designed which can utilise the excess photo-generated current of the bottom cell. In this proposed work, an InGaP/GaSb tandem cell is designed by incorporating one-dimensional (1D) GaAs quantum superlattice in the top InGaP cell. The model is simulated using the ATLAS device simulator. The performance of the cell is assessed in terms of short circuit current density (J sc ), open circuit voltage (V oc ), fill factor and efficiency (E ff ). A detailed analysis of the top cell is carried out to validate the proposed model. The designed tandem cell shows a significant improvement in terms of Jsc (2075.88 mA/cm 2 ) and Eff (46.58%).
Acceptance or denial: what matters most in college admissions

Lori Ann Getler ACCEPTANCE OR DENIAL: WHAT MATTERS MOST IN COLLEGE ADMISSIONS 2006/07 Dr. Burton R. Sisco Master of Arts in Higher Education Administration The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of selected college admissions officers regarding the most important criteria of a high school senior's application for admission into 4-year public undergraduate colleges and universities in New Jersey. The researcher surveyed admissions officers at eight 4-year public undergraduate colleges and universities in New Jersey. A total of 21 admissions officers participated in the survey. Participants were administered a Likert-scale survey that measured the weight given selected criteria contained in the application for admission to their institution. Surveys were statistically analyzed to determine the means, percentages and frequencies regarding the selected criteria. The study provides insight into the relative weight and significance given selected criteria of the application for admission. The study revealed that public colleges and universities in New Jersey rely most heavily on standardized test scores, grade point average, class rank and honors/advanced placement courses. Less measurable criteria that may show more about the individual nature of the applicant such as community service, leadership roles, and recommendations are given far less significance.
Processes Driving Global Interior Ocean pH Distribution

Ocean acidification evolves on the background of a natural ocean pH gradient that is the result of the interplay between ocean mixing, biological production and remineralization, calcium carbonate cycling, and temperature and pressure changes across the water column. While previous studies have analyzed these processes and their impacts on ocean carbonate chemistry, none have attempted to quantify their impacts on interior ocean pH globally. Here we evaluate how anthropogenic changes and natural processes collectively act on ocean pH, and how these processes set the vulnerability of regions to future changes in ocean acidification. We use the mapped data product from the Global Ocean Data Analysis Project version 2, a novel method to estimate preformed total alkalinity based on a combination of a total matrix intercomparison and locally interpolated regressions, and a comprehensive uncertainty analysis. We find that the largest contribution to the interior ocean pH gradient comes from organic matter remineralization, with CaCO3 cycling being the second most important process. The estimates of the impact of anthropogenic CO2 changes on pH reaffirm the large and well‐understood anthropogenic impact on pH in the surface ocean, and put it in the context of the natural pH gradient in the interior ocean. We also show that in the depth layer 500–1,500 m natural processes enhance ocean acidification by on average 28 ± 15%, but with large regional gradients.
Semantics Preserving Adversarial Learning.

While progress has been made in crafting visually imperceptible adversarial examples, constructing semantically meaningful ones remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose a framework to generate semantics preserving adversarial examples. First, we present a manifold learning method to capture the semantics of the inputs. The motivating principle is to learn the low-dimensional geometric summaries of the inputs via statistical inference. Then, we perturb the elements of the learned manifold using the Gram-Schmidt process to induce the perturbed elements to remain in the manifold. To produce adversarial examples, we propose an efficient algorithm whereby we leverage the semantics of the inputs as a source of knowledge upon which we impose adversarial constraints. We apply our approach on toy data, images and text, and show its effectiveness in producing semantics preserving adversarial examples which evade existing defenses against adversarial attacks.
Overestimating Self-Blame for Stressful Life Events and Adolescents’ Latent Trait Cortisol (LTC): The Moderating Role of Parental Warmth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence

Cognitive interpretations of stressful events impact their implications for physiological stress processes. However, whether such interpretations are related to trait cortisol—an indicator of individual differences in stress physiology—is unknown. In 112 early adolescent girls (M age = 12.39 years), this study examined the association between self-blame estimates for past year events and latent trait cortisol, and whether maternal warmth moderated effects. Overestimating self-blame (versus objective indices) for independent (uncontrollable) events was associated with lower latent trait cortisol, and maternal warmth moderated the effect of selfblame estimates on latent trait cortisol for each dependent (at least partially controllable) and interpersonal events. Implications for understanding the impact of cognitive and interpersonal factors on trait cortisol during early adolescence are discussed.
A Hindcast Approach to Diagnosing the Equatorial Pacific Cold Tongue SST Bias in CESM1

An ensemble seasonal hindcast approach is used to investigate the development of the equatorial Pacific Ocean cold sea surface temperature (SST) bias and its characteristic annual cycle in the Community Earth System Model, version 1 (CESM1). In observations, eastern equatorial Pacific SSTs exhibit a warm phase during boreal spring and a cold phase during late boreal summer–autumn. The CESM1 climatology shows a cold bias during both warm and cold phases. In our hindcasts, the cold bias during the cold phase develops in less than 6 months, whereas the cold bias during the warm phase takes longer to emerge. The fast-developing cold-phase cold bias is associated with too-strong vertical advection and easterly wind stress over the eastern equatorial region. The antecedent boreal summer easterly wind anomalies also appear in atmosphere-only simulations, indicating that the errors are intrinsic to the atmosphere component. For the slower-developing warm-phase cold bias, we find that the too-cold SSTs over the equatorial region are associated with a slowly evolving upward displacement of subsurface ocean zonal currents and isotherms that can be traced to the ocean component.
Effect of Iron Intake on Control of Body Iron in Patients with Thalassemia Major Treated with Deferasirox (Exjade®, ICL670).

The clinical benefits of chelation therapy for treating iron overload are well established. In a large randomized Phase III study conducted in 586 iron overloaded patients with β-thalassemia to assess once daily oral therapy with deferasirox versus subcutaneous deferoxamine (DFO), we previously showed that deferasirox led to a statistically significant reduction of iron burden in patients whose baseline LIC was ≥ 7 mg Fe/g dw and that this change was similar to that observed with DFO. We have subsequently analyzed the role of transfusional iron intake in influencing individual responses. In this study, transfusion data were collected among 296 patients receiving deferasirox and 290 patients receiving DFO. If volumes (in mL RBC) were provided for the transfusions, iron intake (in mg) was calculated by multiplying the mL RBC by 1.08. If transfusion was reported as number of units, each unit was assumed to contain 185 mL RBC or 200 mg iron. For each patient, the cumulative transfusion amounts during the study were recorded, and the total iron intake was calculated as mg/kg/day using the patients’ body weight and their time on study. The average iron intake rate during the study was 0.38 mg/kg/day which corresponds to approximately 0.35 mL/kg/day. The 25–75th percentiles included 0.30 to 0.47 mg/kg/day. Among patients receiving deferasirox, 70 (23.6%), 174 (58.8%) and 52 (17.6%) had a transfusional iron intake rate of 0.5 mg/kg/day, respectively. Patients in the lowest transfusional iron loading group ( 0.5 mg/kg/day had an average intake rate of 0.39 and 0.55 mg/kg/day, respectively. The iron intake in mg/kg/day was higher in young children compared to adolescents and adults (0.48 for 0.5 mg/kg/day group. In conclusion, the rate of transfusional iron loading has an important effect on the outcome of chelation therapy, and dosing should be individualized based on the transfusional iron intake, the severity of iron overload and the treatment goal of maintenance or reduction of body iron.
SEROEPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF TOXOCARIASIS IN THE OWNERS OF DOMESTIC CATS AND DOGS IN MASHHAD, NORTHEASTERN IRAN (SHORT COMMUNICATION)

1. Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2. Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 3. Dept. of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 4. Research Center for Patient Safety, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 5. Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
Management of Hyperleukocytosis in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Using Hydroxyurea Rather Than Leukopheresis.

Patients with AML presenting with hyperleukocytosis (WBC >100x109/L) experience higher early mortality due to leukostasis. A retrospective comparison of 2 cohorts of patients managed in 2 different institutions either by leukapheresis (Princess Margaret Hospital n=42) or hydroxyurea (HU) (Toronto General Hospital n=47) demonstrated equivalent survival on days 8 (p=1.0000) and 28 (p=0.4784) after presentation. Based on this observation a policy was established to manage patients with HU rather than leukapheresis. The current study was designed to validate this policy. 1146 consecutive AML patients presented between 1998 and 2006 to the Princess Margaret Hospital at diagnosis. 105 of these patients had a WBC >100x109/L. According to the policy 85 were treated with a median cumulative dose of 18 gm HU within the first 4 days, 5 died before initiating treatment with HU and 15 underwent induction therapy without initial cytoreduction using HU. 35/105 patients (33%) died within the first 28 days. Patients presenting with symptoms of leukostasis, particularly with pulmonary involvement, were more likely to die within the first 28 days compared to patients without symptoms (p=0.0492). The death rate of 33% at 28 days was similar to those observed in the previous study (31% for the cohort undergoing leukapheresis and 23% for the cohort being treated with HU, p=0.5048). This rate was significantly higher when compared to 54/1041 (5%) patients dying before day 28 that presented with