Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Bank Staff Perspective on Reducing Financial Exclusion through Affordable Bank Accounts

ABSTRACT In semi-structured in-depth interviews in one mid-western city with a high percentage of financially excluded consumers, 22 staff members from 15 banks describe their employer bank’s efforts to serve low- and moderate-income consumers. Six themes were found: (1) Banks are aware of the problem of financial exclusion; (2) Financial education poses challenges to deliver, and lacks outcomes; (3) Few rewards are evident for offering basic checking accounts; (4) Little advocacy pressure exists for affordable accounts; (5) Regulatory and other pressures fail to facilitate solutions; and (6) Solutions are a mix of policy, organizational capacity, and methods to influence consumer behavior.
Dynamic Nano Clusters of Water on EVODROP Water

A research for nano clusters of electrochemically waters catholyte and anolyte was recently performed [1]. The actual study is connected with EVODROP water. Methods NES (Nonequilibrium Energy Spectrum) and DNES (Differential Non-equilibrium Energy Spectrum) are used for the study [2,3]. They allow the evaluation of hydrogen bonds energy. It is expected that these spectral analyses and mathematical models could help explaining the different effects of EVODROP water. Influence of different types of waters on the nervous system and antiinflammatory and antitumor effects have been reported [4]. The device for the production of EVODROP water is invented by Fabio Huether. It transforms the tap water into alkaline one with a negative oxidation reduction potential (ORP) measured in millivolts (mV). The study was performed of alteration of hardness of EVODROP water according tap water as control sample. Original Research Article Ignatov et al.; PSIJ, 24(7): 47-53, 2020; Article no.PSIJ. 60417 48
Response of broiler chickens to calcium and phosphorus restriction: Effects on growth performance, carcase traits, tibia characteristics and total tract retention of nutrients

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of dietary calcium (Ca) and available phosphorus (aP) restriction on growth performance, nutrients retention (ATTR), serum metabolites, and tibia in broiler chickens. A total of 720 one-day-old Ross-308 broilers were used in this study. Broilers were fed with 0 (control), 10 (L1), 20 (L2), and 30% (L3) aP-deficient starting (ST) diets during 1–10 days. In ST period, control included 6 and others included 18 replicates of 12 chicks. In post-starter (PST) period, control was still fed with standard diets, while restricted groups were divided into 3 groups and fed with L1, L2, and L3 diets. Each PST treatment included 6 replicates of 12 chicks. Data were analysed using a completely randomised design in a 1 (control)+3 × 3 factorial arrangement. Factors included aP levels in ST and PST diets. Results showed that L3 diet decreased feed intake and weight gain but increased ATTR of Ca in starter phase in compare with control group (p<.05). Retarded growth of birds was compensated in post-starter phase. The Ca, P and ALP levels in blood serum were not significantly influenced by aP levels on day 10 and day 42. The ATTR of Ca and tP on day 42, were higher in birds fed L3 diets than L2 or L1 groups (p<.05). The main effect of L3 group in both ST and PST, decreased (p<.05) tibia ash, Ca, and P in compare with L1 group. Main effect of post-starter L3 group had lowest femur breaking strength (p=.007). In general, restriction in dietary aP increased nutrients ATTR, impaired bone mineralisation and strength without affecting growth performance. HIGHLIGHTS Phosphorus is one of the most important environmental pollutants that is excreted through broilers manure. Birds exposed to aP and Ca restriction increased the retention of these minerals. Dietary aP and Ca restriction impaired bone mineralisation and strength.
Storage characteristics of two‐spotted cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer) powder according to drying method and storage temperature

In order to broaden the usability of the two‐spotted cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer) as a food ingredient, we investigated the effects of freeze‐drying and hot air‐drying, as well as the effects of storage at various temperatures (4–40°C), on the quality of cricket powder during short‐term storage. We found that the water absorption index values of freeze‐dried and hot air‐dried powder were 3.6 and 3.0 g/g, respectively, while the pH and color values of the powders were similar for the two drying methods. During storage at various temperatures over 14 days, water absorption and pH remained similar regardless of the drying method and storage temperature. However, freeze‐dried powder showed more color change compared to air‐dried powder according to their chroma values. In total bacteria and Escherichia coli detection tests, Escherichia coli was not detected under all storage conditions, whereas total bacteria were observed (~4 Log CFU/g) only in freeze‐dried powder stored for 14 days at 40°C. Therefore, our results suggest that the quality characteristics of two‐spotted cricket powder can be affected by the drying method applied, but these powders can be maintained for 14 days, largely without changes, at storage temperatures up to 40°C.
Leader‐Member Exchange (LMX) and Innovation: A Test of Competing Hypotheses

In this paper, we address the relation between Leader‐Member Exchange (LMX; the quality of the relationship between leader and subordinate), employee creativity (the generation of novel and useful ideas), and employee innovation (the promotion and implementation of these ideas). In the current set of studies, we test the competing hypotheses that LMX will either have a direct effect on employee innovation, or an indirect effect through employee creativity. In a field study of leader–subordinate dyads (N = 118), we found that LMX had no direct effect on employee innovation, and that employee creativity fully mediated the relationship between LMX and innovation. In a follow‐up two‐wave field study of employees (N = 398), we found that the LMX dimension professional respect predicted innovation through creativity, while the other dimensions did not. The results of this work indicate that research on LMX and innovation requires a multidimensional perspective, and that it may be valuable to differentiate between creativity and innovation.
Human-centred artificial intelligence: a contextual morality perspective

ABSTRACT The emergence of big data combined with the technical developments in Artificial Intelligence has enabled novel opportunities for autonomous and continuous decision support. While initial work has begun to explore how human morality can inform the decision making of future Artificial Intelligence applications, these approaches typically consider human morals as static and immutable. In this work, we present an initial exploration of the effect of context on human morality from a Utilitarian perspective. Through an online narrative transportation study, in which participants are primed with either a positive story, a negative story or a control condition (N = 82), we collect participants' perceptions on technology that has to deal with moral judgment in changing contexts. Based on an in-depth qualitative analysis of participant responses, we contrast participant perceptions to related work on Fairness, Accountability and Transparency. Our work highlights the importance of contextual morality for Artificial Intelligence and identifies opportunities for future work through a FACT-based (Fairness, Accountability, Context and Transparency) perspective.
INDONESIA ECONOMIC GROWTH DETERMINANT: THE IMPACT OF MACRO ECONOMIC VARIABLES AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE

The economic growth is one of measurements for a country to be categorized as a developed country. The basic things in economy are monetary stability and fiscal. Monetary stability can be seen from the government’s success in controlling inflation flow and restraining interest rates meanwhile fiscal policy can be seen from rate of exchange sector and free trade. Considering those basic conditions, this research is aimed to study the impact of inflation, interest rates, exchange rates, and free trade toward the economy of Indonesia. This research uses data time series from Q1 2009 – Q1 2020 by using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model. The result of this research shows that interest rates, exchange rates, and import affect the economic growth, meanwhile inflation and export do not affect the economic growth.
Paternalistic Leadership and Organizational Identification: The Mediating Role of Forgiveness Climate

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the relationships among paternalistic leadership, forgiveness climate and organizational identification. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data from different level managers and employees working in tourist hotels in Bodrum peninsula, Turkey. The results indicate that moral and benevolent dimensions of paternalistic leadership directly impact on forgiveness climate, and only one paternalistic leadership dimension (benevolent) and forgiveness climate had impact on organizational identification. Also, this study investigates the mediating effect of forgiveness climate in the relationships between paternalistic leadership and organizational identification. Findings show that forgiveness climate mediates both moral and benevolent dimensions of paternalistic leadership and organizational identification. This study contributes to a better understanding of the roles of forgiveness climate in the hotel industry.
Thidiazuron-induced high frequency establishment of callus cultures and plantlet regeneration in Aconitum balfourii Stapf.: An endangered medicinal herb of North-West Himalayas

The present study reports an efficient in vitro plantlet regeneration protocol for endangered, pharmacologically important aconite, Aconitum balfourii Stapf. via callus-mediated organogenesis from both leaf and petiole segments. Optimum callusing was observed on MS+0.5 mg L TDZ (thidiazuron)+1.0 mg L NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) in both leaf (86.67%) and petiole explants (73.34%). Further, shoot induction was maximum (86.67±0.20) on MS fortified with 0.5 mg L TDZ with formation of 7.8±0.51 number of shoots. The well-developed microshoots were transferred to root induction medium and optimum rooting was observed in full-strength MS augmented with 0.25 mg L IAA (indole acetic acid) and 0.25 mg L NAA. The plantlets thus obtained, after washing, were kept in 0.5% bavistin for 10 min and were planted in pre-sterilized mixture of sand, soil and vermicompost (1:1:1) and acclimatized in controlled environment. The acclimatized plantlets were successfully transferred in field conditions displaying normal development.
Defenders of the status quo: making sense of the international discourse on transfer pricing methodologies

Abstract Over a third of international trade happens within, rather than between, corporations. This makes establishing transfer prices – the price of transactions within and between related corporations – pivotal, as it defines corporations’ tax bills. Tax authorities worldwide follow the OECD transfer pricing guidelines and its accompanying methods for taxing corporations. This despite the guidelines’ well-documented weaknesses and even though alternative and potentially simpler methods exist. Existing literature helps explain why the OECD guidelines continue to dominate but not how those in favor of the status quo will go about defending them. We offer a novel, theory-based framework, to explain how supporters of the status quo – the epistemic community – will respond, using a combination of strategies targeting the policy discourse but also policy makers, in an effort to bolster the legitimacy of the OECD guidelines. We use discourse network analysis to study the debate on simplified transfer pricing methods from 1995 to 2018 and the positions of actors engaged. Our data confirms that the epistemic community deploys a hypothesized mix of strategies to ensure the durability of the OECD guidelines and accompanying methods, at the same time undermining the position of alternative approaches.
Agronomic performance, postharvest and indirect selection of Coffea arabica L. cultivars for high-temperature regions

: This study aim was to evaluate the agronomic performance and the postharvest of small-sized Coffea arabica cultivars and to indicate the best agronomic variable for indirect selecting genotypes for cultivation in high-temperature regions. The experiment was conducted during the 2014/15 harvest, employing the randomized blocks experimental design, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of 17 small-sized coffee cultivars. The evaluated attributes were growth, yield and postharvest of the coffee cultivars. Considering their morphological attributes, the cultivars Obatã IAC 1669-20, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62, Obatã Amarelo IAC 4739 and IPR 99 were superior to the others. As for yield, the cultivars Obatã IAC 1669-20 (51.90 bags ha -1 ), Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62 (48.05 bags ha -1 ) and Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 (47.63 bags ha -1 ) were superior. In the post-harvest evaluations, the cultivar Tupi IAC 125 (Tupi RN) had the best results. Due to their better agronomic performance, the cultivars Obatã IAC 1669-20 and Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62 are thus recommended for high-temperature regions. Plant height tends to be the best agronomic variable for indirect selecting more adapted cultivars for high-temperature regions.
Molecular Detection, Biological Characterization and Evaluation of Protective Potentiality of a Velogenic Strain of Newcastle Disease Virus Isolate of Bangladesh

Aims: The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize Newcastle disease virus (NDV) from recent outbreaks in Bangladesh and protective potentiality evaluation of a velogenic NDV strain. Methodology: A total of 19 lung tissue samples were collected from dead layer chickens of clinically suspected Newcastle disease (ND) cases. Ten days old embryonated chicken eggs, dayOriginal Research Article Hossain et al.; BJI, 17(3): 1-9, 2017; Article no.BJI. 31123 2 old chick and six-week-old sero-negative chickens were used for the isolation and pathotype determination of the virus. Hemagglutination (HA), hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests using antiAPMV-1 polyclonal serum were used for primary identification and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out for the confirmation of the isolated viruses by amplification of F gene of NDV using gene specific primers. Three, out of eleven isolates of NDV were subjected to pathotype determination by mean death time (MDT), intracerebral pathogenecity index (ICPI) and intravenous pathogenecity index (IVPI). One of the isolates of NDV of the year 2012 was selected as vaccine candidate to determine its immunogenicity. ND vaccine was prepared by inactivating virulent Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) with 0.1% formaldehyde and adjuvanted with 40% aluminium hydroxide gel. Results: Of the 19 samples total eleven isolates were initially identified as NDV by HA and HI tests and finally confirmed by RT-PCR. Results of MDT, ICPI and IVPI indices indicated that all the isolates of NDV of 2011 and 2012 were velogenic in nature. The inactivated vaccine produced satisfactory level of antibody titre at 72 days of post vaccination and revealed 100% protection during challenge experiment with 2 egg lethal dosage, ELD50/bird against both the velogenic strains of NDV. Conclusion: The frequent outbreaks of ND caused by vNDV in Bangladesh could easily be controlled by using inactivated vaccine prepared with velogenic strain of NDV.
A comprehensive study on nonlinear hygro-thermo-mechanical analysis of thick functionally graded porous rotating disk based on two quasi-three-dimensional theories

Abstract In this article, a highly efficient quasi-three-dimensional theory has been used to study the nonlinear hygro-thermo-mechanical bending analysis of a very thick functionally graded material (FGM) rotating disk in hygro-thermal environment considering the porosity as a structural defect. Two applied quasi-three-dimensional displacement fields are assumed in which the strain along the thickness ( ) is not zero unlike most of the other plate theories. By considering the nonlinear strains (von Kármán’s assumptions) the large deformations have also been taken into account in order to obtain more accurate results. Finally, some factors that affect the results have been studied further.
Life in Extreme Habitats: Diversity of Endolithic Microorganisms from Cold Desert Ecosystems of Eastern Pamir

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify cyanobacteria diversity in rock communities from the cold desert ecosystem in Eastern Pamir Mountains (Tajikistan) and assess if the rock type and rock`s porosity can be indicators of microbial diversity in this extreme environment. Seven samples were collected in July 2015 from hillsides (ca 4000–4500 m a.s.l.) of the Eastern Pamir Mountains. Petrographic and scanning microscopy (SEM) allowed for the characterization of the rocks inhabited by endolithic communities as granite, gneiss and limestone with variable porosity. Based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) of amplicon of V3–V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA gene, we established that Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria dominated the endolithic communities of microorganisms in the rocks studied, which distinguishes these communities from those described for other cold arid regions. Chroococcidiopsis and Leptolyngbya were dominant genera in the cyanobacterial communities according to culture-dependent analysis, as well as microscopic analyses of endoliths scraps from the rocks. Culture-independent metagenomic analyses revealed that Microcoleus, Acaryochloris, Chroococcidiopsis and Thermosynechococcus reads were the most abundant from all reads and dominated interchangeably in the samples. Endolithic communities of microorganisms in the rocks from the cold desert shrubland of Eastern Pamir Mts. appear to be diverse and different from communities described for other cold deserts.
Fiscal policy and growth in a small emerging economy: The case of Bulgaria

The purpose of this article is to study the impact of fiscal policy on economic growth in Bulgaria for the period 1995–2018. The descriptive analysis is focused on the general trends in fiscal policy and tax structure. The influence of government spending and taxation on economic growth is studied through regressions on time-series data. The empirical estimates prove that taxation is a more reliable instrument of fiscal policy than government spending in terms of a small open emerging-market economy. The dilution of the effect of public spending is probably caused by the high negative values of the current account balance that have been maintained for long periods. Thus, when domestic supply is weak, government expenditure cannot stimulate domestic production, as supply is dominated by import goods. Public investments demonstrate a negative effect on economic growth, which suggests a low productivity of investment spending. A factor of great importance is the level of corruption, which is strongly correlated with government investments, but is harmful to their efficiency. The Bulgarian tax system demonstrates consistency with economic growth. The receipts from value-added tax seems growth-conductive. The decrease of the corporate income tax rate exerts a positive impact on economc performance during the analyzed period, while personal income taxation demonstrates a negative effect. Property taxation has no significant relation with the growth of the Bulgarian economy.
Oil, protein and fatty acid profiles of Brazilian soybean cultivars in multi-environmental trials.

Soybean is an important oil and protein source for human and animal food, as well as being used in the production of biofuel. Brazilian soybean is known for its quality, especially with regard to its high protein content. This work aimed to present a screening of Brazilian soybean cropped at different locations, to assess the composition of seed with regard to the protein, oil and fatty acid contents. We screened 46 cultivars, which represent more than 50% of the soybean cultivars produced in the South-Center region of Brazil in recent years, analyzed under six environments. In order to conduct the analysis, a grain sample was used to determine seed protein, oil and fatty acid contents, which was accomplished using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR). All the traits presented a genotype x environment interaction (GEI) (p<0.01). A mean oil content of 20.35% was identified for all the evaluated cultivars. This was superior to that obtained in other countries. The mean protein content was 40.20%, which was expected for the Brazilian soybean. This higher oil content is doubly favorable in Brazilian soybean: firstly, for its use as cooking oil and biofuel; secondly, for the production of high protein soybean meal, once all the oil is removed. The cultivars which presented the highest oil contents were also stable across the evaluated environments. On the other hand, the genotypes with the highest protein content presented low stability across the environments. Regarding the fatty acid composition, Brazilian soybean stands out for its low linoleic acid content, which gives a high oxidative stability to the resulting oil and biofuel. Trait associations were dependent on the location, thus breeders can select plants for specific traits at different locations. Brazilian cultivars present interesting characteristics for use in human and animal food products, and for biofuel production.
iHSD Mill Efficacy on the Seeds of Australian Cropping System Weeds

Abstract In Australia, widespread evolution of multi-resistant weed populations has driven the development and adoption of harvest weed seed control (HWSC). However, due to incompatibility of commonly used HWSC systems with highly productive conservation cropping systems, better HWSC systems are in demand. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the integrated Harrington Seed Destructor (iHSD) mill on the seeds of Australia's major crop weeds during wheat chaff processing. Also examined were the impacts of chaff type and moisture content on weed seed destruction efficacy. Initially, the iHSD mill speed of 3,000 rpm was identified as the most effective at destroying rigid ryegrass seeds present in wheat chaff. Subsequent testing determined that the iHSD mill was highly effective (>95% seed kill) on all Australian crop weeds examined. Rigid ryegrass seed kill was found to be highest for lupin chaff and lowest in barley, with wheat and canola chaff intermediate. Similarly, wheat chaff moisture reduced rigid ryegrass seed kill when moisture level exceeded 12%. The broad potential of the iHSD mill was evident, in that the reductions in efficacy due to wide-ranging differences in chaff type and moisture content were relatively small (≤10%). The results from these studies confirm the high efficacy and widespread suitability of the iHSD for use in Australian crop production systems. Additionally, as this system allows the conservation of all harvest residues, it is the best HWSC technique for conservation cropping systems. Nomenclature: Rigid ryegrass; Lolium rigidum Gaud. ; canola, Brassica napus L. ; Lupin, Lupinus angustifolius L. ; wheat, Triticum aestivum L.