Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Arch Widths Measurements Made on Digital and Plaster Models

Objectives: To compare arch widths measurements made on plaster models by using digital caliper, digital models from direct intraoral scanned and indirect scanned on plaster models. Materials and Methods: Upper and lower impressions were taken from thirty volunteers with Class I normal occlusion or Class I malocclusion with mild crowding. The plaster models were made and digital vernier caliper was used to measure inter-canine width, anterior arch width and posterior arch width. Each volunteer and models were also scanned by intraoral scanner. Then, the 3Shape Ortho software was used to measure the arch widths. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICCs) and One-way ANOVA (P<0.05) were used to assess intra-examiner reliability and validity of measurement between three groups. Result: According to the high values of ICC (0.98-1.00), intra-examiner error could be neglected. Moreover, there were no statistical significantly different of inter-canine width, anterior arch width and posterior arch width between three methods of measurements. Although, scanning on lower arch intraorally was difficult due to the tongue but our result showed that there were no statistical significant different in digital models group compared with plaster models group. Conclusion: The intraoral scanner can be used to measure arch widths with clinically acceptable accuracy and high reliability and reproducibility. In the future, it's possible to use digital models instead of conventional plaster models due to its advantages. Further study should compare tooth size by using these methods to prove the effective of intraoral scanner.
Novel testing system to determine shoe mechanical properties

Background: Shoes play an important role in ankle foot orthosis (AFO) function and alignment. Despite this, shoe mechanical testing systems are rarely colocated with gait analysis systems, limiting their availability and use during AFO-related studies. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel mechanical testing system used to measure shoe heel stiffness and change in height with loading using equipment available in most gait analysis laboratories. The novel testing system will allow for shoe assessment during AFO studies at little additional cost. Study design: Shoes were tested to determine initial stiffness, terminal stiffness, and total stiffness, and whether these measures changed with repeated compressions (early vs. late). Technique: The novel testing system consists of a baseplate for counterweights, uprights that support a low-friction hinge, and a lever arm with a heel-shaped indenter to apply force to the shoe. Minimal detectable change values were calculated using the standard error of measurement. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated in SPSS using a (2, k) model. Results: No significant differences in mean values, or interactions, were observed between rounds of testing and early and late compressions (P > .05). Intraclass correlation coefficient values were greater than 0.98, and minimal detectable change values were less than 20% of the average for each measure. Conclusions: The novel mechanical testing system, combined with pre-existing gait analysis equipment, can be used to reliably assess shoe stiffness and change in height.
Prevalence of serological markers for Hepatitis B and C Viruses, human immuno-deficiency virus and Treponema pallidum among blood donors in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

In Sub-Saharan Africa, transfusion safety remains a challenge due to the high endemicity of blood-borne infections. This study aimed to determining the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and Treponema pallidum among blood donors in Ouagadougou. This was a retrospective study in blood donor. HIV 1/2 and HCV antibodies and HBsAg were screened and confirmed with two ELISA (Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay). While T. pallidum antibodies were also screened and confirmed with two serology tests. Only samples positive for both tests were counted as positive. Prevalence rates were calculated among first-time blood donors. Of 63,779 registered blood donors, 54,113 (84.84%) were first-time donors. Overall seroprevalences of HIV, HBV, HCV and Treponema pallidum were 2.56%, 11.87%, 5.89% and 3.22% respectively. Seroprevalences of HIV-HBV, HBV-HCV, HBV- T. pallidum and HIV-HBV-HCV co-infections were 0.36; 1.21; 0.54 and 0.02 respectively. The study reports that HIV, HBV, HCV and Treponema pallidum seroprevalences remain high among blood donors. These results highlight a potential infectious risk to blood products recipients.
Dietary Long-Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation Alters Electrophysiological Properties in the Nucleus Accumbens and Emotional Behavior in Naïve and Chronically Stressed Mice

Long-chain (LC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have drawn attention in the field of neuropsychiatric disorders, in particular depression. However, whether dietary supplementation with LC n-3 PUFA protects from the development of mood disorders is still a matter of debate. In the present study, we studied the effect of a two-month exposure to isocaloric diets containing n-3 PUFAs in the form of relatively short-chain (SC) (6% of rapeseed oil, enriched in α-linolenic acid (ALA)) or LC (6% of tuna oil, enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) PUFAs on behavior and synaptic plasticity of mice submitted or not to a chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), previously reported to alter emotional and social behavior, as well as synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). First, fatty acid content and lipid metabolism gene expression were measured in the NAc of mice fed a SC (control) or LC n-3 (supplemented) PUFA diet. Our results indicate that LC n-3 supplementation significantly increased some n-3 PUFAs, while decreasing some n-6 PUFAs. Then, in another cohort, control and n-3 PUFA-supplemented mice were subjected to CSDS, and social and emotional behaviors were assessed, together with long-term depression plasticity in accumbal medium spiny neurons. Overall, mice fed with n-3 PUFA supplementation displayed an emotional behavior profile and electrophysiological properties of medium spiny neurons which was distinct from the ones displayed by mice fed with the control diet, and this, independently of CSDS. Using the social interaction index to discriminate resilient and susceptible mice in the CSDS groups, n-3 supplementation promoted resiliency. Altogether, our results pinpoint that exposure to a diet rich in LC n-3 PUFA, as compared to a diet rich in SC n-3 PUFA, influences the NAc fatty acid profile. In addition, electrophysiological properties and emotional behavior were altered in LC n-3 PUFA mice, independently of CSDS. Our results bring new insights about the effect of LC n-3 PUFA on emotional behavior and synaptic plasticity.
Reactive Distillation of Glycolic Acid Using Heterogeneous Catalysts: Experimental Studies and Process Simulation

The glycerol oxidation reaction was developed leading to selective catalysts and optimum conditions for the production of carboxylic acids such as glycolic acid. However, carboxylic acids are produced in highly diluted mixtures, challenging the recovery and purification, and resulting in high production costs, polymerization, and thermal degradation of some of the products. The protection of the acid function by esterification reaction is one of the most promising alternatives through reactive distillation (RD); this technique allows simultaneously the recovery of carboxylic acids and the elimination of most part of the water. The reactive distillation, experimental and simulation, of glycolic acid was performed, based on kinetic and thermodynamic models developed. For the thermodynamic model, binary parameters of the missing couples were determined experimentally, and the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) model was selected as the most suitable to represent the binary behavior. The kinetic study of the esterification in the presence of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis concluded that the heterogeneous reaction can be accurately described either by a pseudo-homogeneous model or the Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L-H) adsorption model. Reactive distillation was conducted in a distillation column filled with random packing sulfonated ion-exchange resin, Nafion NR50®, or with extruded TiO2-Wox. The conversion rate of glycolic acid in reactive distillation increases from 14% without catalyst to 30% and 36% using Nafion NR50® and TiO2-Wox, respectively. As opposed to the batch reactor study, the conversion rate of glycolic acid was better with TiO2-Wox than with sulfonated ion-exchange resin. The better performance was related to an increase in the hydrodynamics inside the column. Tests using water in the feed confirm the hypothesis by increasing the conversion rate because of the decrease in the mass transfer resistance by reducing the average diffusion coefficient. The simulation of the reactive distillation column with ProSim® Plus showed that the yield of the ester increased operating at a low feed rate with reactive stripping. In the presence of water in the feed, nonreactive stages are required, including an enrichment region to separate water vapor.
Evaluation of the Relationship between Lower Limb Hypermobility and Ankle Muscle Strength in a Paediatric Population: Protocol for a Cross Sectional Study

The methodological heterogeneity in paediatric foot studies does not entail a stable foundation on which to focus the diagnosis and treatment of the various childhood foot problems. For this reason, the use of highly reliable tests is essential to find relationships and to establish a basis to guide the following studies. The main objective proposed in this cross-sectional observational study protocol is to examine the relationship between hypermobility (Lower Limb Assessment Score and Beighton score) and ankle muscle strength in different types of feet. The second objective is to describe the relationship between physical activity tests in children, and to compare with foot type and ankle muscle strength. The Strengthening Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) criteria will be followed. The hypermobility, posture, strength and physical condition tests will be analyzed through three stations, each one directed by a single specialist in paediatric podiatry. The study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia CE112104. The results will be disseminated regardless of the magnitude or direction of effect. Intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliability will be analyzed.
Warm-season temperatures and emergency department visits among children with health insurance

High ambient temperatures have become more likely due to climate change and are linked to higher rates of heat-related illness, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, mental health disorders, and other diseases. To date, far fewer studies have examined the effects of high temperatures on children versus adults, and studies including children have seldom been conducted on a national scale. Compared to adults, children have behavioral and physiological differences that may give them differential heat vulnerability. We acquired medical claims data from a large database of commercially insured US children aged 0–17 from May to September (warm-season) 2016–2019. Daily maximum ambient temperature and daily mean relative humidity estimates were aggregated to the county level using the Parameter-elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes dataset, and extreme heat was defined as the 95th percentile of the county-specific daily maximum temperature distribution. Using a case-crossover design and temperature lags 0–5 days, we estimated the associations between extreme heat and cause-specific emergency department visits (ED) in children aged <18 years, using the median county-specific daily maximum temperature distribution as the reference. Approximately 1.2 million ED visits in children from 2489 US counties were available during the study period. The 95th percentile of warm-season temperatures ranged from 71 °F to 112 °F (21.7 °C to 44.4 °C). Comparing 95th to the 50th percentile, extreme heat was associated with higher rates of ED visits for heat-related illness; endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases; and otitis media and externa, but not for all-cause admissions. Subgroup analyses suggested differences by age, with extreme heat positively associated with heat-related illness for both the 6–12 year (odds ratio [OR]: 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16, 1.56) and 13–17 year age groups (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.37, 1.76). Among children with health insurance across the US, days of extreme heat were associated with higher rates of healthcare utilization. These results highlight the importance of individual and population-level actions to protect children and adolescents from extreme heat, particularly in the context of continued climate change.
A review of Procházka’s otoliths from Lower Badenian deposits from Moravia, Czech Republic (Langhian, Middle Miocene), primarily from Borač

A historic collection of fossil otoliths from V. J. Procházka from the lower Badenian of Moravia, Czech Republic, was recently recovered at the Moravian Museum in Brno. Likely with the intent to publish, Procházka labeled the specimens with original identifications; unfortunately, however, publication never occurred. Procházka’s type-material of his earlier publications, notably that from 1893, remains unrecovered and must be considered lost. Several of the species he described in 1893 are problematic because of his less-than-optimal descriptions and documentation. However, with this newly recovered material containing his original identifications, it is now possible to select a neotype for one of those problematic species, Otolithus (Berycidarum) kokeni = Diaphus kokeni, as well as resolve another: Otolithus (Bery­ cidarum) splendidus. Most of the recovered otoliths originated from the deep-water environment of Borač. Although the locality has been well-studied for otoliths, the recovered collection of Procházka has yielded seven species not previously recorded from the Badenian of the Central Paratethys. One species is described as new: Nezumia prikryli n. sp.
Acute:chronic workload ratio and training monotony variations over the season in youth soccer players: A systematic review

Since acute:chronic workload ratio and training monotony have been criticized as injury risk predictors, the use of intensity measures should be more oriented to understand the variations of intensity across the season. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the main evidence about the acute:chronic workload ratio and training monotony variations over the season in youth soccer players. The search was made in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and FECYT (Web of Sciences, CCC, DIIDW, KJD, MEDLINE, RSCI, and SCIELO) according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. From the 225 studies initially identified, 13 were fully reviewed, and their outcome measures were extracted and analyzed. Nine analyzed acute:chronic workload ratio, seven analyzed monotony, and four studies analyzed both acute:chronic workload ratio and monotony. Overall, the range values for acute:chronic workload ratio were 0.58–17.5 AU, while for monotony were 0.83–23.0 AU which showed a higher variability. Few studies showed an association between higher values of acute:chronic workload ratio and/monotony with injury risk or to prevent health problems. These measures could be used to understand the variations of the data through the in-season periods. However, caution is necessary due to the scarce studies performed in young soccer players.
Physiological potential and antioxidant metabolism during storage of soybean seeds contrasting with phenylpropanoid pathway compounds

: Differences in seed storage tolerance between soybean cultivars have been frequently observed. Thus, identifying compounds found in them that may be related to these differences is necessary to support the selection of cultivars with seeds with better storage potential. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate changes in viability and vigor of soybean seeds during storage in two environments, relating them to antioxidant activity, production of reactive oxygen species, and metabolites of the phenylpropanoid pathway. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4 × 5 factorial scheme (storage periods × cultivars). Cultivars with contrasting characteristics of lignin content, seed coat color, and isoflavone content in the seed were used, stored for six months in a cold and dry chamber and an uncontrolled environment. Every two months, viability and vigor, enzymatic activity (superoxide dismutase and catalase), and hydrogen peroxide content were evaluated. Storage in a cold and dry chamber maintains seed viability of cultivars A, C, and D; it is reduced in all cultivars in an uncontrolled environment. Seed vigor is reduced during storage. There is no association between the seeds’ physiological quality and the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. The increase in the hydrogen peroxide content in the seed coat is an indicator of the reduction in the seed physiological quality when stored in an uncontrolled environment. The difference in deterioration tolerance during storage is associated with the lignin content in the seed coat.
The role of metacognition in promoting deep learning in MOOCs during COVID-19 pandemic

In many nations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, the situation in higher education institutions has changed. During the pandemic, these institutions have introduced numerous e-solutions to continue the process of education. Besides, research has shown many benefits in the last years of MOOCs. Yet, to date there are few studies to explore some individual characteristics, such as learners’ metacognitive skills, that might have an impact on learning outcomes in MOOCs. Furthermore, promotion of deep learning is a serious challenge for online courses including MOOCs. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to explore the role of metacognition in promoting deep learning in MOOCs during COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were students at the department of home economics who were all at the seventh academic level. Based on their scores on the metacognition awareness inventory (MAI), they were divided into two experimental groups, i.e. high metacognition students and low metacognition students. A three- aspect assessment card of deep learning namely connecting concepts, creating new concepts, and critical thinking was used to collect data. The results showed that MOOC was more effective in fostering the deep learning aspects of high metacognition skills, and deep learning as a whole. With regard to backward seeking and slow watching events, results showed significant differences in favor of high metacognition students (HMs). Nevertheless, there were no statistically significant differences between students in both groups regarding the pausing event.
Conventional or Drug-Eluting Beads? Randomized Controlled Study of Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: JIVROSG-1302

Introduction: With the advent of effective systemic therapy, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is established as a highly effective locoregional treatment modality for carefully selected patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This randomized controlled trial was conducted to clarify whether selective TACE with drug-eluting beads (DEB-TACE) loaded with epirubicin or selective conventional TACE (cTACE) with epirubicin-ethiodized oil might be more effective for obtaining complete response(CR) in patients with HCC. Methods: Between March 2016 and May 2019, Child-Pugh class A or B patients with unresectable HCC who were scheduled to receive selective TACE were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to the DEB-TACE arm or the cTACE arm. The primary endpoint was the CR rate at 3 months, as evaluated according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors by an independent review committee, and the secondary endpoints were the CR rate at 1 month and incidences of adverse events. Results: A total of 200 patients (DEB-TACE, 99 patients; cTACE, 101 patients) were enrolled in the study. The CR rates at 3 months and 1 month were significantly higher in the cTACE arm (75.2%, 84.2%) as compared with the DEB-TACE arm (27.6%, 35.7%). However, the frequencies of adverse events of any grade, including pyrexia (DEB-TACE vs. cTACE, 19.4% vs. 45.5%, p = 0.0001), fatigue (5.1% vs. 15.8%, p = 0.0194), malaise (11.1% vs. 25.7%, p = 0.0103), appetite loss (12.1% vs. 28.7%, p = 0.0048), abdominal pain (12.1% vs. 23.8%, p = 0.0423), increased serum bilirubin (22.2% vs. 48.5%, p = 0.0002), hypoalbuminemia (43.4% vs. 60.3%, p = 0.0154), increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (35.7% vs. 81.2%, p < 0.0001), and increased serum alanine aminotransferase (35.7% vs. 77.2%, p < 0.0001), were also significantly higher in the cTACE arm than in the DEB-TACE arm. Conclusions: Selective cTACE appeared to have higher CR rates for local tumor control as compared to selective DEB-TACE for HCC. However, the frequency of postembolization syndrome was also significantly higher in the cTACE group than in the DEB-TACE group. Thus, to achieve CR, cTACE may be selected over DEB-TACE in patients who can be expected to tolerate postembolization syndrome.
Phylogeny of Blattoidea (Dictyoptera: Blattodea) with a revised classification of Blattidae

Blattoidea are comprised of the major lineages Blattidae, Lamproblattidae, Tryonicidae, Anaplectidae, and Cryptocercidae + Isoptera. Despite a number of studies, no consensus exists regarding the relationships between these lineages. Additionally, the current division of Blattidae into Archiblattinae, Blattinae, Macrocercinae and Polyzosteriinae needs phylogenetic testing. We present a molecular phylogeny of Blattoidea recovering all the major lineages as monophyletic with Lamproblattidae as sister to the remaining Blattoidea and Tryonicidae as sister to Cryptocercidae + Isoptera. Contrary to many previous studies, we found a high degree of consistency between analyses, possibly due to improved taxon sampling. We found that none of the currently accepted subfamilies of Blattidae are monophyletic. Mapping of distribution revealed a clear geographic structuring at odds with the current subfamilial classification. Based on results from this and other studies, we present a revised classification of Blattidae: we erect two new subfamilies, Eurycotiinaestat. rev. and Austrostylopyginaesubfam. nov., reinstate Duchailluiinaestat. rev. and subsume Macrocercinae in Polyzosteriinae. We also present a division of Polyzosteriinae into tribes: Polyzosteriini, Methaninistat. rev., Rothisilphinitrib. nov., and Celatoblattinitrib. nov. Within Blattidae, Duchailluiinae is sister to the remaining taxa, while Austrostylopyginae is most likely sister to all other Blattidae except Duchailluiinae.