Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CUTTING THE PREVALENCE OF PLAGIARISM IN THE DIGITAL ERA: STUDENT TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS ON PLAGIARISM IN INDONESIAN HIGHER EDUCATION

It seems that plagiarism has not been seen as misconduct in higher education in some developing countries including in Indonesia which might be affected by cultural, economic, and technological issues. The research aimed at exploring the perceptions of Indonesian student teachers towards plagiarism in four higher education institutions. The research was undertaken as a mixed-method research. Questionnaire and face to face interviews were the instruments to collect data. A paper-based questionnaire was administered to 534 student teachers while face to face interviews were conducted with twenty voluntary participants. The data from the questionnaire were analyzed and presented in the form of percentages, frequencies, and standard deviation while interview data were first analyzed by transcribing the audiotaped interviews into texts, which were then read line-by-line to find and list every significant statement relevant to knowledge of plagiarism definition, research ethic, and research misconduct types, attitudes towards plagiarism, practicing of plagiarism, and reasons of plagiarism among twenty participants. Results showed that most student teachers knew the definition of plagiarism, but they did not know the types of research misconduct. They considered plagiarism as an act of stealing but being unable to avoid in for their study. They tended to do plagiarism because they wanted to save time and they considered about the pressure of their study. Based on the findings of this study, it is important that participants should be required to have more education on plagiarism and its effects and consequences on the ethics of research and education. More strict policies should be implemented to evaluate and supervise plagiarism emerged in Indonesian higher education institutions for undergraduate programs. Keywords: Indonesian higher education, plagiarism in higher education, student teachers, teacher education.
A Review on Proteolysis Rate in UHT Milk: Its Mechanism, Pattern, Assessment and Enzymatic Changes during Storage

With the increasing awareness of people about food consumption, the demand of supplying aseptically packed food such as ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk is increasing. Some native and microbial proteases are relatively heat stable and cannot be inactivated during UHT treatment. The traces of these enzymes are responsible for various proteolytic changes (e.g. age-gelation and bitterness) in the stored UHT milk. There are various methods reported in the literature to measure proteolysis in milk and milk products like UHT milk. All the methods have their own merits and demerits and depending upon requirement, one has to select one or more methods for the measurement of proteolysis. The comparison of these methods are carried out in this paper. Keywords: UHT milk, proteolysis, age-gelation, proteolysis assessment Cite this Article Keyursinh D. Vaghela, Bhavesh N. Chaudhary, Bhavbhuti M. Mehta. A Review on Proteolysis Rate in UHT Milk: Its Mechanism, Pattern, Assessment and Enzymatic Changes during Storage. Research and Reviews: Journal of Dairy Science and Technology. 2017; 6(3): 1–16p.
Protective Effect of Proanthocyanidin against Methotrexate-Induced Testicle Damage in Rats

Objective: Methotrexate (MTX) isawidely used chemotherapeutic agent showing side effects such as hepatotoxicity and also testicular damage due to an increase in the production of reactiveoxygen species. Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are known as natural antioxidants that have protective effects against oxidative stress. This study investigates the protective effect of PAC against the MTX-induced testicular damage. Methods: Twenty-six male Wistar albinorats were divided into fourgroups. Saline (2 cc/kg) was administered to the control group, and PAC (200 mg/kg) was administered to the PACgroup for 7 days. The MTX group received a single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg) on Day 3. A total of 200 mg/kg of PACfor 6 days was administered to the PAC+MTX group, and the group also received a single dose of 20 mg/kg of MTX on Day 3. The animals were sacrificed on Day 8. Analyses were performed, in addition tolight and electron microscopic examinations on the testicular samples. Results: Histopathological findings such as thinning of the seminiferous tubule epithelium and decrease in spermatogonial cells were detected in the MTX group. Electron microscopic findings indicated similar damage. The MDA levels increased in testicular tissues, while the SOD and GPX levels decreased significantly. The tissue damage and deterioration in biochemical parameters were decreased in the PAC+MTXgroup. Conclusion: The results show that PAC does not completely prevent damage to the testicles caused by MTX but that it has an important protective effect.
Evaluation of New Insecticide Molecules for the Management of Early Shoot Borer (Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen) on Sugarcane

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is one of the most important cash and industrial crop in India. Among sugarcane growing countries in the world, India ranks first in the world in the area under sugarcane cultivation and ranks fifth in the world in terms of sugar production. In India, sugarcane occupies an area of 5.01 m ha and produces 338.96 m tonnes of cane with an average productivity of 66.99 tones ha. About 35 million farmers in the country depend on the sugarcane for their live hood. Sugarcane yield is markedly influenced by many factors like soil fertility, climate, variety, and cultural practices, prevalence of pests and diseases and environmental stress. Regardless of pronounced development in sugarcane research and expansion in sugar industry, our national average cane yield is 70.3 tons per hectare, whereas the potential between 100120t/ha.
Evaluation of the plant extracts of an anti-tubercular herbal remedy

Ximenia americana root bark (Olacaceae) and Pavetta crassipes (Rubiaceae) leaf used in Nigerian traditional medicine were tested individually against clinical isolate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Lowenstein - Jensen method. Crude aqueous extracts of X. americana and P. crassipes exhibited minimum inhibitory activity (MIC) of 100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL respectively. Sequential screening with solvents of different polarities was used in evaluation tests to readily locate the source of the activity against tuberculosis and for conditions related to skin diseases since it was readily available. In general, antimicrobial screening of crude extracts gave MICs ranging from 31.25 μg/mL to > 5 mg/mL, with X. americana methanol extract being most active at 31.25 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus. In an effort to determine possible mechanisms of action, synergistic interaction studies between standard antibiotics and plant extracts were carried out with some synergy being observed between X. americana extract and streptomycin. Hexane (MIC 60.6 μg/mL) and dichloromethane (MIC 30.5 μg/mL) fractions of X. americana exhibited 94.3 % and 96.4 % inhibition against M. tuberculosis H37HRv (virulent strain) while P. crassipes hexane fraction had 86.7% inhibition at > 64 μg/mL. Using HPLC, TLC, GC, 1D and 2D-NMR as well as mass spectral analyses it was possible to identify rutin and 5-O- caffeoyl quinic acid methyl ester from P. crassipes. It proved extremely difficult to identify compounds from LC and TLC fractions from the non-polar extracts of X. americana responsible for anti-TB activity. There was some spectroscopic evidence from these fractions for closely related phytosterol esters and individual compounds such as stigmast- 3, 5 - diene, stigmastane oleate and β-sitosterol. Subsequent LC work with refractive index detection and SFC with evaporative light scattering data confirmed that the difficulties in assignment arose from the presence of non-UV absorbing non-volatile co-eluting compounds. Preparative xviii SFC or SFC-MS with the aid of the NIST database would have been needed for identification. Overall, these results lend some credence to the claims of the Nigerian remedy and potentially could be a source of assay biomarkers for monitoring its safety, efficacy and quality as required by IRCH (International Regulatory Co-operation for Herbal Medicines).
Photochemical purification of water and air

Introduction. AOPs and AOTs. Why UV and Oxidation/Disinfection? Interaction of UV/VIS Radiation with Matter. VUV and UV Radiant Sources and their Characteristics. Photochemical Processes of Water Treatment. Properties, Reactivity and Photochemistry of Auxiliary Chemicals. Photooxidation and Photomineralization of Organic Matter in Water and Air. Process Engineering and Reactor Concepts. UV Disinfection. Alternative Glossary. Glossary of Terms Used in Photochemistry. Index.
Spatial variation in anuran richness, diversity, and abundance across montane wetland habitat in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda

Abstract The spatial distribution of species has long sparked interest among ecologists and biogeographers, increasingly so in studies of species responses to climate change. However, field studies on spatial patterns of distribution, useful to inform conservation actions at local scales, are still lacking for many regions, especially the tropics. We studied elevational trends and species‐area relationships among anurans in wetland habitats within Volcanoes National Park (VNP) in Rwanda, part of the biodiverse Albertine Rift region. In VNP, wetlands are key sites for anuran reproduction, and anurans are likely threatened by wetland desiccation which has occurred for the last few decades. Between 2012 and 2017, we sampled anuran communities in ten VNP wetlands located along an elevational gradient of c. 600 m (from 2,546 to 3,188 m a.s.l.) and found at least eight species, including at least two Albertine Rift Endemics. We show that species richness, diversity, and abundance likely decline with a decrease in wetland size and with an increase in elevation, though additional sampling (e.g., at night) might be needed to derive definite conclusions. Larger wetlands at lower elevations contained most species and individuals, which indicates the potential threat of wetland size reduction (through desiccation) for anuran conservation. However, we also found that wetlands differed in species composition and that some species (e.g., Sclerophrys kisoloensis) were likely restricted in distribution to only a few of the smaller wetlands—suggesting that the conservation of each individual wetland should be prioritized, regardless of size. We propose that all wetlands in VNP require additional conservation measures, which should be based on knowledge gathered through long‐term monitoring of anuran communities and research on drivers of wetland decline. Only such extended research will allow us to understand the response of anurans in VNP to threats such as climate change and wetland desiccation.
Dispersal Records of the Sugarcane Aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), through the Midwest Suction Trap Network

Summary Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), the sugarcane aphid, is an invasive species in the United States. This species is a threat to crops of economic importance including sorghum and sugar cane. Therefore, monitoring dispersal of this pest is necessary to document its geographic expansion. Based on trap catches obtained from the Midwest Suction Trap Network during 2015 to 2017, sugarcane aphids arrived late in the growing season as far as northern Wisconsin. We will continue to monitor the dispersal of this aphid species through the Midwest Suction Trap Network in order to provide information to researchers, extension agents, and producers regarding this agronomically important pest.
An Efficient Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Deep Learning

Most of the accidents that happens that happens nationwide is due to the drowsiness. Drowsy driving causes 21% of all fatal collisions. About 168 million adult drivers, or 60% of all drivers, admitted to driving while fatigued in the previous year. Drowsiness is an inattentive state. Drowsiness makes the individual to loss of their control during their driving state, thus leading to devastating accidents. To avoid such catastrophic accidents, a sleep detection system is proposed by which the model embeds an EEG sensor, to detect sleep onset while driving and a CNN-based hybrid model is developed which is used to track the progress of the drivers’ mental and physiological conditions. The activities of brain is evaluated using EEG signal. The EEG signals identifies the fatigue which remains to be the primary reasons for accidents. The model aims to attain the terminology of detecting the driver drowsiness by EEG signals with the high accuracy and efficiency. All the signals are transmitted to the mobile of the driver thereby the CNN algorithm monitors the state of driver. Whenever the driver is in sleepy or fatigue state, then these results are sent to the Car system and the car gives an alert to the driver in the form of an alarm. The combination of CNN based model and EEG sensor will give accurate and optimized results with respect to the driver’s condition. This was the scenario that were often used in the previous works which seems to be a tedious task to wear a hand band and drive for the drivers. So, we are proposing a model that only focuses on the eyes of the driver to detect the onset of the fatigue and drowsiness.
Token Economy – Technique to Reduce Violence and Destructive Behavior among Intellectual Disabled Children

The present study aims at examining the effectiveness of a token economy in reducing violence and destructive behavior. A total of 100 children from the various disabled school of Mysore city was screened for PBBS (NIMH, 2015), to assess the level of violence and destructive behavior. Among them, 10 students were randomly assigned for the experimental group, who received 12 intervention sessions (Received tokens for minimizing the targeted behavior) and another 10 were assigned for a control group who did not receive any intervention. The directional hypothesis was formulated and the obtained results were statistically analyzed using independent samples ‘t’ tests and repeated measure ANOVA The obtained ‘t’ scores before implementation of intervention technique indicated no significant difference between both the group. Repeated measure ANOVA revealed that introduction of the token economy had a positive effect in reducing the violence and destructive behavior among the intellectually disabled children.
Towards operational use of combined Split-Band Interferometry and Multidimensional Small Baseline Subset: application to geohazard monitoring in the Kivu region

The vulnerable region of Kivu is strongly affected by geohazards such as volcanism and landslides. An essential ingredient for modelling the geophysical processes from which these geohazards originate is the measure of the Earth’s surface displacements. In this complex region, monitoring these ground deformations can be efficiently performed by using Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR). Nevertheless, geophysical modelling requires accurate measurements of the displacements over time, which are not always manageable with conventional InSAR due to area-related limitations such as geometric distortions. Consequently, we consider advanced processing techniques such as Split-Band Interferometry (SBInSAR), which potentially allows to calculate the absolute interferometric phase, and Multidimensional Small Baseline Subset (MSBAS), which reconstructs the history of deformations along the horizontal and vertical directions. The aims of this thesis are the investigation of the SBInSAR and MSBAS techniques for improving the ground deformation measurements, the development of these techniques in order to achieve an operational tool of monitoring, and eventually to combine the information provided by both methods. Regarding the Split-Band Interferometry, we consider its theoretical applicability, determine optimum processing parameters and propose a method that corrects phase ambiguities by using SBInSAR as a complement to classical phase unwrapping, which we call SBInSAR-assisted phase unwrapping. We establish that the best criterion for the detection of spectrally stable pixels is the slope standard deviation. We also study the temporal behaviour of spectrally stable pixels and show that few of them persist over time. We analyze the behaviour of artificial reflectors with respect to SBInSAR and provide strong evidences that there exists a correlation between the signal-to-clutter ratio of a target and its detectability as a spectrally stable pixel. Regarding the Multidimensional Small Baseline Subset, we present the InSAR mass processing chain developed in collaboration with the European Center for Geodynamics and Seismicity for MSBAS preprocessing, and we propose to optimize the spatial coverage of MSBAS measurements by using interpolation or global masking. An MSBAS analysis is carried out over the city of Bukavu for the period from January 2016 to September 2017. We also study temporal decorrelation over the Virunga Volcanic Province and we model it using a decreasing exponential function. As a complement, we implement the Range Split-Spectrum technique in the CIS software for the ionospheric phase compensation in low frequency interferograms. We finally discuss the options for merging SBInSAR and MSBAS together.
Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences of some Kampimodromus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) species: Is Kampimodromus ragusai a valid species or a synonym of Kampimodromus aberrans?1

Abstract Taxonomy of the most important predatory mite family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) is essentially based on morphological observations, and only a few studies use molecular approaches. In some cases, tiny morphological differences (e.g. number of teeth on cheliceral digits, presence of dorsal solenostomes) should be observed for accurate species identification. Kampimodromus ragusai Swirski & Amitai, originally described from Israel, was suspected as a junior synonym of K. aberrans (Oudemans) in an earlier study. The only difference between these two species is the presence or absence of a tooth on the movable digit (MD) of chelicera. In this study, we conducted molecular analyses, using the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) marker, to determine whether K. ragusai is synonymous to K. aberrans or a valid species. DNA sequences of several populations of three other Kampimodromus species collected from Croatia and Italy were included to the study. ITS sequences of other Kampimodromus species deposited in the public GenBank database were also used. Results revealed a 5% genetic distance between K. ragusai and K. aberrans (Jukes & Cantor model). In the phylogenetic tree, K. ragusai is located in a different clade clearly separated from all other K. aberrans. Therefore, these results validate that K. ragusai and K. aberrans are altogether two distinct species. Presence or absence of a tooth on MD of chelicera is a reliable morphological character to differentiate these two species. Additionally, a GenBank sequence deposited as K. aberrans is identical to K. corylosus Kolodochka. This result clearly demonstrates the importance of combining molecular and morphological data to phytoseiid taxonomy, and the need to generate reliable data in publicly available gene bank databases.
ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF MYCELIAL EXTRACTS OF DIFFERENT PLEUROTUS SPECIES

Mushrooms could be used as a potential means of producing natural antioxidants and antimicrobials. To obtain fungal biomass in submerged culture is an easy and rapid method. For this reason, biomasses of Pleurotus species which grown on liquid media were used to prepare hot water extracts and their antioxidant and antibacterial properties were determined. The highest total phenolic content was determined in P. ostreatus extract (9.14 mg.g -1 dry weight of extract) whereas Pleurotus sajor-caju gave highest reading of total flavonoid content (3.10 mg.g -1 dry weight of extract). In the scavenging effect of DPPH radical test, P. sajor-caju showed the highest activity potential (69.67%). Mycelia extracts from Pleurotus species showed the antibacterial activity against the Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria (plant and human pathogens). Based on the results obtained, each extract from the five species Pleurotus ( P. florida , P. citrinopileatus, P. sajor-caju , P. ostreatus and P. eryngii ) showed antioxidant and antibacterial properties, and could be used in the formulation of nutraceuticals. Furthermore, the results presented in this work demonstrated that extracts were capable of inhibiting the in vitro growth of Helicobacter pylori .
Changes in the spatial distribution of maize plants affect solar radiation use efficiency

Spatial arrangement of plants is undoubtedly considered to be the key in determining high production levels of the maize crop. This study was conducted to evaluate the benefits of variations in the spatial distribution of maize plants. The spatial distribution has its effect on the leaf area index (LAI) and efficiency in the use of solar radiation. All these factors affect the yield of maize. The experiment was conducted in Frederico Westphalen RS, in 2015/2016 agricultural year. The experimental design comprised of a randomized but homogenized block in a factorial 4 × 3 × 7, namely, four variations of plants in one sowing line (0, 20, 40 and 60%); three plants with different spacings (pre-determined), and seven plant collections during the crop cycle with four replications. The increase in the variation in the distribution of plants resulted in greater LAI values and more efficient use of solar radiation. However, it did not show any effect on the crop productivity levels. Varation of spatial distribution increased the efficient utilization of solar radiation in different ways between plants in the sowing line. This happened due to increase in LAI values and the capture of solar radiation. Under favorable weather conditions, some possible failures in plant distribution in the sowing line do not interfere with the crop yield. This research recommends the acceptable levels of variation that do not compromise crop yield.
‘New’ Migrations Transforming the City: East European Settlement in Glasgow

This chapter explores the ways in which 21st Century migrations from Eastern Europe have transformed Glasgow. A city of emigration for much of the 20th century, Glasgow has more recently become a city of destination. Globally and regionally occurring economic and political developments which go beyond the ‘post-industrial’ form the backdrop to this new migration: the collapse of state socialist regimes, EU expansions and free movement, the impacts of globalisation and neoliberalism on labour markets around the world. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 31 Eastern Europeans living and working in Glasgow in 2014-15 this chapter discusses the effects of recent migration from Eastern Europe on Glasgow as well as the impact of the city on its new residents, particularly with regard to experiences of employment, housing and longer-term settlement in particular neighbourhoods within the city.