Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bio-efficacy of metribuzin based herbicide mixtures on weeds and productivity of wheat

A field experiment was conducted during 201415 and 201516 at Hisar, Haryana, to study bioefficacy of metribuzin-based herbicide mixture on weeds and producitivty of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design comprising 5 wheat varieties WH 1105, HD 2967, DPW 621-50, WH 1124 and DBW 17 in main plots and 6 weed-management practices, viz. metribuzin (210 g/ha), metribuzin + fenoxaprop (150 + 100 g/ha), metribuzin + pinoxaden (150 + 40 g/ha) metribuzin + clodinafop (150 + 45 g/ha), weed-free and weedy check, in subplots, each replicated thrice. The wheat varieties did not affect the weed den- sity and weed dry-matter accumulation. Wheat variety WH 1105 resulted in the maximum grain, straw and biologi- cal yields, being statistically at par with HD 2967 and DPW 621-50, but significantly better over DBW 17 and WH 1124. Among the herbicides, the density of grassy and total weeds and their dry-matter accumulation at all stages were observed minimum with metribuzin + fenoxaprop which remained at par with other 2 combinations of metribuzin, whereas density and dry matter of broad-leaf weeds were found minimum with metribuzin alone (210 g/ha). Alone application of metribuzin resulted in the lowest grain yield of wheat as compared to all the other herbi- cidal treatments.
INFLUÊNCIA DA VEGETAÇÃO EM VARIÁVEIS CLIMÁTICAS: ESTUDO EM BAIRROS DA CIDADE DE TERESINA, PIAUÍ

O processo de urbanizacao tem interferido nas condicoes ambientais, promovendo a substituicao de estruturas naturais por equipamentos urbanos. Como consequencias impactantes tem surgido diversas formas de poluicao, gerando crises ambientais nos mais diferenciados ecossistemas. O conforto termico esta diretamente relacionado as condicoes ambientais, tais como, a temperatura, a umidade do ar e acao dos ventos, que sao modificadas, pela impermeabilizacao do solo e pela ausencia de vegetacao. O estudo objetivou determinar a influencia das areas verdes urbanas na temperatura da cidade de Teresina-PI, comparando dados climaticos coletados em locais arborizadas, com dados coletados em regioes da cidade com menor indice de vegetacao, destacando a importância dessas areas para a melhoria da qualidade ambiental do espaco urbano. Desenvolvida em Teresina-PI, a pesquisa enfoca os bairros Joquei Clube, Pedra Mole e Dirceu Arcoverde. Foram realizadas medicoes simultâneas de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar nos horarios de 9, 15 e 21 h em locais com abundante vegetacao e com caracteristicas aridas, abrangendo os periodos seco e chuvoso, durante sete dias consecutivos. Os resultados demonstraram que o bairro com maiores areas verde apresentou os menores valores de temperatura. Nos tres bairros as temperaturas mais elevadas foram registradas em pontos desprovidos de vegetacao, sugerindo a relacao entre vegetacao e reducao da temperatura
Burden on Caregivers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in El-Beheira Governorate

Background: Caregiver of Children with Autism Spectrum (ASD) are experienced high level of stressors and burden due to lack of information related to ASD, lack of health service, lack of social support and financial problems which increase the caregiver burden. The aim of this study was to assess the burden experienced by caregivers of child with autism spectrum disorder in El-Beheira Governorate. Research design: a descriptive research design was used. Settings: This study was carried out at all governmental intellectual schools in El-beheira governorate and private centers for autism coping and rehabilitation in El-Beheira governorate . Subjects: this study was carried out on all caregivers of children with ASD at the previous mentioned setting were included into the study (110 caregiver) at 2019-2020 academic years . Data collection tools: data were collected using three tools: Tool (I): Stressors of caregiver having Children with Autism Interview Schedule. Tool (II): Caregiver burden scale. Tool (III): caregivers Adjustment pattern Adapted to modify their child behaviour. Results: The majority of the caregivers 90.8% were the mothers of the autistic child, about 75.2% had high level of physical and psychological stressors. About 46.6% of them had high level of social stressors, about (80%) of them had high level of marital stressors and about 100% of caregivers had high level of financial stressors. Also, about (97.3%) of them had high level of burden with mean percent score 83.75%. about (76.4%) of the caregiver had moderate level of adjustment. Conclusion: the study concluded that majority of the studied caregivers had high level of burden, they were vulnerable to health hazards as the majority of them had high level of physical and psychological burden because they the only provider of care for the autistic child and ignoring their health. Moreover, the majority of them were suffering from financial problems, as the cost of treatment of autism spectrum disorder is very high and endless rehabilitation process. Recommendations: Conduct health education campaigns in rural & urban areas about early sign and symptoms of ASD and benefits that result from early identification of sign and symptoms of ASD. Early case finding & screening of early sign and symptoms of autism spectrum disorder cases. Encourage small projects and provide opportunity for housewives to increase their income to help them in expensive treatment and the lifelong process of coping with autism
Disaster Resilience and Preparedness Program Evaluation for Enhancement

The study was conducted to evaluate the level of disaster resilience and preparedness among the members of the MDRRMC and BDRRMC in the Municipality of Alabel, Sarangani Province. Descriptive-correlative research design were utilized employing quantitative method. Data were gathered through survey questionnaires administered to 219 respondents. Key Informant Interviews were conducted among 9 members of the BDRRMC to triangulate the quantitative data. The gathered data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, weighted mean, and Pearson correlation. The findings of the study revealed that there was a proportional number of male and female respondents of which majority of them belong to adult aged group. Majority of the respondents are government employees and government officials who are college graduates. The level of disaster resilience of the respondents in terms of the five areas on governance, risk assessment, knowledge and education, risk management and vulnerability reduction, and disaster preparedness and response are relatively high with a verbal description of high resilience. On the level of disaster preparedness among the respondents, the results revealed that the members are always prepared based on the four areas for likelihood of being impacted by a national hazard, vulnerability of physical structures, people, and livelihoods, barangay-level planning and individual’s preparation for disaster, and individual’s sense of control over their own lives and their ability to participate and influence their community and government. In relation to the disaster resilience and preparedness experiences, three themes emerged in this study as perceived by the informants and these are: (1) Planning and Preparation, (2) Issues and Challenges, and (3) Coping Mechanism. Generally, there is a moderate positive correlation between disaster resilience and disaster preparedness among the respondents (r= .449).
Effect of herbicides and cultural practices for effective weed management in soybean (Glycine max)

A field experiment was conducted during rainy season (kharif) of 2007 at Research Farm of Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur to find out the effective measure of weed control with combination of herbicides and cultural practices in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril]. Application of fluchloralin @ 1,000 g/ha PPI + hand weeding at 40 DAS resulted in the lowest weed dry-matter and maximum weed control efficiency followed by hand-weeding twice at 20 and 40 days after sowing. This treatment also recorded the highest seed yield of soy- bean.
Effect of Olive Pomace Alone or Combined with Poultry Manure on Biocontrolling of Root-Knot Nematodes Meloidogyne spp. Infecting Tomato

This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of using olive pomace (OP) alone or in combination with poultry manure (PM) at mixing ratio of 75% OP :25% PM (w/w) as a safe alternative method for biocontrol of root-knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne spp.) on tomato (cv. Elisa). The application rates of olive pomace (OP) alone or with poultry manure (PM) mixture were 20, 40 and 60 g /kg soil. It was found that, the highest application rate of OP and PM at 60 g/kg soil resulted in the highest reduction percentages of the studied root-knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne spp.) infection parameters. Final population (Pf) and reproduction factor (RF) percentages of reductions under previous treatment recorded 97.73 and 97.75%, respectively. These results were comparable to those recorded with chemical nematicide (Vydate) treatment (98.50 and 98.45%), respectively. In contrary to root-knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne spp.) parameters, higher OP application rate over 20 g/kg soil with or without poultry manure resulted in lower growth attributes for all tomato crop growth parameters including length, fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots as well as fruit fresh weights. The highest fruit fresh weight of tomato (471.50 g/plant) was recorded at 20 g/kg soil with PM mixture treatment with Pf and Rf percentages reductions of 94.20 and 94.13%, respectively. In conclusion, olive pomace and poultry manure mixture amendment at rate of 20g/kg soil could be recommended for integrated pest management (IPM) strategies against nematode pests. This approach provided effective nematode suppression, while also reduced the environmental impacts on soil--plant equilibrium, as compared to the use of chemical nematicides .
Land ownership, agriculture, and household nutrition: a case study of north Indian villages

In the rural global South, it is increasingly the case that the relationship between landholding status and household nutrition is intermediated by complex associations between intervening variables. These include changes to agricultural practices, the dynamics of how decisions about food are prioritised within household budgets, the gendering of household power relations, the breadth of non-farm livelihood portfolios, and the effect of landholding status on access to social welfare schemes. This article demonstrates this complexity using a mixed-methods assessment of livelihoods and nutritional status in two north Indian villages. The study finds that in these villages the role of land for household nutrition is expressed through significantly greater milk consumption by landholding households, but insignificant differences in the consumption of most other major food items. Landholding households' greater consumption of milk is hinged to an ability to grow fodder in between cropping cycles, and manage these activities via prevailing agricultural gender norms in which women and girls are charged with responsibilities for livestock husbandry. In the context where milk provides a crucial source of protein for the mainly vegetarian diets in these villages, landholder households' greater access to milk represents a vital aspect of the local patterning of food and nutrition security. This finding underscores how greater complexity and diversity in the rural social landscapes of the global South are creating increasingly intricate, locally distinctive configurations of food and nutrition (in)security. Such local nuance cannot be readily observed within research traditions that rely on large-scale national datasets. Mixed-methods geographical research in the tradition of livelihoods analysis gives important voice to these considerations.
Caracterisation Des Pratiques Agroforestieres A Base De Cacaoyers En Zone De Foret Dense Semi- Decidue : Cas De La Localite De Lakota (Centre- Ouest, Cote d’Ivoire)

In the area of Lakota (Midwest, Cote d'Ivoire), where the vegetation is a semi-deciduous forest, cacao growing is practiced by people from different origins. Cacao cropping techniques seem to be influenced by some social and cultural habits, according to the people and the agroecological areas. The present study aimed to understand(1) the cacao cropping systems and to identify(2) the reasons underlying the choice of vegetal species combined to cacao trees in these rural communities. To achieve this goal, interviews were realised with cacao farmers of four villages of the area. These interviews concern farmers’ profiles, the former agriculture practices, the variety of the cultivated cacao and the plants combined to cacao trees. The results show that among the 223 interviewed farmers, 72 (32.3% of the farmers) are natives, 42 (18.8% of the farmers) are immigrants and 109 (48.9% of the farmers) are non-native Ivorians. In total, 77 species regularly combined to cacao trees were named by the farmers and they can be divided into local species and exotic species. Plots ordination shows three agroforestry systems according to ethnic group of the locality. Cacao farms with the large proportion of local species are owned by Lakota native people "Dida". The exotic species are dominant in cacao farms that belong to immigrants (Malian, Burkina Faso and Guinean people) and "Malinke" people (a non-native ivorian ethnic group). The Akan people (a non-native ivorian ethnic group) combine in a same proportions exotic and local species in their cacao farms.
Relationship between Mean Platelet Volume and ST Segment Resolution after Reperfusion Therapy in Patients with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Background: ST segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) patients often require reperfusion therapy to restore blood flow to the affected heart muscle. Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) has been proposed as a potential predictor of reperfusion success in STEMI patients. This study aimed to show correlation between MPV on admission and ST segment resolution following reperfusion therapy in STEMI patients. Methods: This observational, single-center study-was conducted on patients with ACS to assess their clinical outcomes and the predictive role of hematological indices, including; MPV-in determining the effectiveness of reperfusion therapy, encompassing fibrinolytics and primary PCI. Our study comprised 100 STEMI patients, with 50 undergoing PCI and the remaining 50 receiving thrombolytic therapy. Among the PCI group, 42 patients achieved successful treatment, while in the fibrinolytic group, only 32 cases were successful. From all study patients there were 74 experienced ST-elevation resolution (Group A), while 26 cases did not exhibit resolution of their ST abnormalities (Group B). Results : ROC curve analysis revealed that MPV-pre at cut-off value of 11.15-could be good predictive test of unsuccessful reperfusion with 76.9% sensitivity and 70.3% specificity (AUC, 0.77 and 95% CI, 0.67-0.87). There is a significant positive correlation between MPV_Pre and MPV_post (r = 0.254, p = 0.011). Conclusion: There is a correlation between MPV on admission and ST segment resolution following reperfusion therapy in STEMI patients. Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) may be utilized as a prognostic predictor of success of thrombolysis following STEMI.
Effects of monensin and cashew nut-shell extract on bacterial community composition in a dual-flow continuous culture system

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of including monensin and two doses of CNSE in a high producing dairy cow diet on ruminal bacterial communities. A dual-flow continuous culture system was used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin Square design. A basal diet was formulated to meet the requirements of a cow producing 45 kg of milk per d (17% crude protein and 27% starch). There were four experimental treatments: the basal diet without any feed additive (CON), 2.5 μM monensin (MON), 100 ppm CNSE granule (CNSE100), and 200 ppm CNSE granule (CNSE200). Samples were collected from the fluid and solid effluents at 3, 6, and 9 h after feeding; a composite of all time points was made for each fermenter within their respective fractions. Bacterial community composition was analyzed by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Treatment responses for bacterial community structure were analyzed with the PERMANOVA test run with the R Vegan package. Treatment responses for correlations were analyzed with the CORR procedure of SAS. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test the effects of (1) ADD (CON vs. MON, CNSE100, and CNSE200); (2) MCN (MON vs. CNSE100 and CNSE200); and (3) DOSE (CNSE100 vs. CNSE200). Significance was declared at P ≤ 0.05. We observed that the relative abundance of Sharpea (P < 0.01), Mailhella (P = 0.05), Ruminococcus (P = 0.03), Eubacterium (P = 0.01), and Coprococcus (P < 0.01) from the liquid fraction and the relative abundance of Ruminococcus (P = 0.03) and Catonella (P = 0.02) from the solid fraction decreased, while the relative abundance of Syntrophococcus (P = 0.02) increased in response to MON when compared to CNSE treatments. Our results demonstrate that CNSE and monensin have similar effects on the major ruminal bacterial genera, while some differences were observed in some minor genera. Overall, the tested additives would affect the ruminal fermentation in a similar pattern.
Simple and deterministic spectral concentration bound for local Hamiltonians

We give a simple proof of a Chernoff bound for the spectrum of a $k$-local Hamiltonian based on Weyl's inequalities. The complexity of estimating the spectrum's $\epsilon(n)$-th quantile up to constant relative error thus exhibits the following dichotomy: For $\epsilon(n)=d^{-n}$ the problem is NP-hard and maybe even QMA-hard, yet there exists constant $a>1$ such that the problem is trivial for $\epsilon(n)=a^{-n}$.
Herbicidal weed-management options for dry direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa) in North-Eastern Plains of India

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2017 and 2018 at Regional Station of the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, to study the effect of herbicides in controlling mixed weed flora in direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experimental results revealed that, the alone and sequential application of herbicides significantly reduced the weed density and biomass of complex weed flora. The growth and yield attributes, viz. plant height at maturity, effective tillers/m2 , 1,000grain weight, grains/panicle and panicle length, were significantly influenced by application of herbicides. Weed-free condition resulted in significantly highest grain yield (4.49 t/ha). Among different herbicidal treatments, application of pendimethalin @ 1,000 ml/ha followed by (fb) tank-mix application of bispyribac sodium (25 g/ha) + pyrazosulfuron (15 g/ha) resulted in higher plant height (110.7 cm), higher number of effective tillers (320.0/m2 ), grains/panicle (132.2), ear length (29.8 cm), grain yield (4.49 t/ha), net returns (` 70,600/ha) and benefit : cost ratio (1.67), which was superior to rest of the treatments. Application of pendimethalin (1,000 ml/ha) fb tank-mix application of bispyribac sodium (25 g/ha) + pyrazosulfuron (15 g/ha) significantly reduced the weed density (56.8/m2 ) and weed biomass (26.6 g/m2 ).
What Drives the Lateral Versus Vertical Propagation of Dikes? Insights From Analogue Models

Volcanic eruptions are usually fed by dikes. Understanding how crustal inhomogeneities and topographic loads control the direction (lateral/vertical) and extent (propagation/arrest) of dikes is crucial to forecast the opening of a vent. Many factors, including buoyancy, crustal layering, and topography, may control the vertical or lateral propagation of a dike. To define a hierarchy between these factors, we have conducted analogue models, injecting water (magma analogue) within gelatin (crust analogue). We investigate the effect of crustal layering (both rigidity and density layering), topography, magma inflow rate, and the density ratio between host rock and magma. Based on the experimental observations and scaling considerations, we suggest that rigidity layering (a stiffer layer overlying a weaker one) and topographic gradient favor predominantly lateral dike propagation; inflow rate, density layering, and density ratio play a subordinate role. Conversely, a softer layer overlying a stiffer one favors vertical propagation. Our results highlight the higher efficiency of a stiff layer in driving lateral dike propagation and/or inhibiting vertical propagation with respect to the Level of Neutral Buoyancy proposed by previous studies.
Influence of irrigation levels and mulching on growth, water use, yield, economics and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum) under new alluvial soil of West Bengal

The field trials were conducted on sandy-loam soil of District Seed Farm, Adisaptagram, Hooghly, West Ben- gal, during 3 consecutive winter seasons of 201112, 201213 and 201314, to study the performance of Kufri Jyoti potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) under different irrigation levels and mulching under West Bengal region of Eastern India. Growth attributes increased in all the irrigation treatments over the control, and irrigation at 20 mm cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) performed the best. Mulching also resulted in higher growth attributes over no- mulch situation. All the irrigation levels recorded higher tuber yield (grade-wise as well as total) over the control, and the total tuber yield was the highest (32.31 t/ha) with irrigation at 20 mm CPE. Consistent decline in yield (24.43 to 88.39%) was recorded with the decrease in irrigation frequency, while water-use efficiency increased lin- early from 80.78 to 114.33 kg/ha-mm in response to water stress. Maximum net income and benefit: cost ratio were recorded with the crop irrigated at 20 mm CPE, accounting 179 and 54% more over the control treatment re- spectively. Irrespective of irrigation levels, crops in mulched plots (with paddy straw @ 5 t/ha) resulted in higher net returns and benefit: cost ratio than those crops in no-mulch plots. The plots irrigated thrice at critical stages (control) recorded 22.3, 50.7 and 15.4% higher available N, P and K content, respectively over the plots irrigated at 20 mm CPE. Quality characteristics like dry-matter content, specific gravity, crude protein, ash content, starch and vitamin C content increased with decreased frequency irrigation. Potato cultivar Kufri Jyoti may be irrigated at 20 mm CPE in combination with paddy straw mulching @ 5 t/ha for higher table-purpose potato tubers, total yield and better quality of tubers.