Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlation between Eating Behavior and Use of Social Media with Energy-Dense Food Intake Based on Gender among Students in Semarang, Indonesia

BACKGROUND: Eating behavior and the use of social media are believed to affect the intake of energy-dense foods. This study aimed to determine the relationship between eating behavior and use of social media with energy-dense food intake in students by gender. METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional method. The subjects were 123 peoples from one of university in Semarang, Indonesia aged 18-24 years, taken using the consecutive sampling method. Energy-dense food intake was taken using the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, eating behavior was using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire and social media use was using the Scale of Effects of Social Media on Eating Behavior and self-identity questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson's test, Spearman's rank test, and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: The intake of energy-dense foods was higher in men than women. This study showed that there was a relationship between emotional eating (p = 0.001; r = 0.408), external eating (p = 0.008; r = 0.338), and eating behavior due to social media (p = 0.001; r = 0.415) and energy-dense food intake. in women, and duration of social media use (p = 0.003; r = 0.377) with energy-dense food intake in men. Gender and eating behavior due to social media had an effect of 24.9% on energy-dense food intake. CONCLUSION: In women, emotional eating, external eating, and eating behavior due to social media were related to the intake of energy-dense foods. In men, the duration of social media use was related to the intake of energy-dense foods. Gender and eating behavior due to social media were the most influential variables on energy-dense food intake.
Conversion of Polypropylene Waste into Value-Added Products: A Greener Approach

Plastic has made our lives comfortable as a result of its widespread use in today’s world due to its low cost, longevity, adaptability, light weight and hardness; however, at the same time, it has made our lives miserable due to its non-biodegradable nature, which has resulted in environmental pollution. Therefore, the focus of this research work was on an environmentally friendly process. This research work investigated the decomposition of polypropylene waste using florisil as the catalyst in a salt bath over a temperature range of 350–430 °C. A maximum oil yield of 57.41% was recovered at 410 °C and a 40 min reaction time. The oil collected from the decomposition of polypropylene waste was examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The kinetic parameters of the reaction process were calculated from thermogravimetric data at temperature program rates of 3, 12, 20 and 30 °C·min−1 using the Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW) and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunnose (KAS) equations. The activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (A) for the thermo-catalytic degradation of polypropylene waste were observed in the range of 102.74–173.08 kJ·mol−1 and 7.1 × 108–9.3 × 1011 min−1 for the OFW method and 99.77–166.28 kJ·mol−1 and 1.1 × 108–5.3 × 1011 min−1 for the KAS method at a percent conversion (α) of 0.1 to 0.9, respectively. Moreover, the fuel properties of the oil were assessed and matched with the ASTM values of diesel, gasoline and kerosene oil. The oil was found to have a close resemblance to the commercial fuel. Therefore, it was concluded that utilizing florisil as the catalyst for the decomposition of waste polypropylene not only lowered the activation energy of the pyrolysis reaction but also upgraded the quantity and quality of the oil.
VWC-SDK: Convolutional Weight Mapping Using Shifted and Duplicated Kernel With Variable Windows and Channels

With their high energy efficiency, processing-in-memory (PIM) arrays are being increasingly used for the convolutional neural network (CNN) inference. In the PIM-based CNN inference, the computational latency and energy are dependent on how the CNN weights are mapped to the PIM array. A recent study proposed the shifted and duplicated kernel (SDK) mapping that reuses input feature maps with a unit of a parallel window, which is convolved with duplicated kernels to obtain multiple output elements in parallel. However, the existing SDK-based mapping algorithm does not always result in minimum computing cycles because it only maps a square-shaped parallel window with the entire channels. In this paper, we introduce a novel mapping algorithm called variable-window SDK (VW-SDK), which adaptively determines the shape of the parallel window that leads to the minimum computing cycles for the given convolutional layer and PIM array. By allowing rectangular-shaped windows with partial channels, VW-SDK utilizes the PIM array more efficiently, thereby further reducing the number of computing cycles. To further remove the inefficient computing cycles caused by the residual channels, we extend the VW-SDK algorithm into VWC-SDK (SDK with variable windows and channels) that additionally performs residual channel pruning. The simulation with a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$512\times 512$ </tex-math></inline-formula> PIM array and ResNet-20 shows that VW-SDK improves the inference speed by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.29\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> compared to the existing SDK-based algorithm. The results also show that residual channel pruning improves the inference speed of ResNet-20 by up to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 1.38\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> when compared to the original network without pruning.
Family gathering in evacuations: A case-study of the 2007 Angora Fire

For many years, modelers have simulated the characteristics of human behavior during evacuations in an effort to improve evacuation management. These simulations, however, rely on assumptions regarding individual and family spatial behavior patterns. This thesis examines spatial behavior in an emergency with a specific focus on gathering behaviors and patterns of groups after receiving an evacuation notice. The 2007 Angora Fire in South Lake Tahoe, California was used as the case study. Mail-out surveys were sent to 500 households residing in the evacuation zone. Information was collected regarding the timing and type of evacuation notification, gathering group demographics, time and travel distances, as well as the final gathering location. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the survey results and provide a better understanding of what people do at the household level. The results show that, other than the small population of single respondents, 100% of households gathered or were already together at the time of the evacuation notice. Furthermore, in addition to the immediate (nuclear) and extended families that gathered, there were cases of gatherings among friends and neighbors. Close to 80% of the groups gathered within 30 minutes after receiving the evacuation notice, and 60% traveled less than 20 miles in total to reach this meeting location. The most common gathering location was the home (39%), family and friends homes (24%), and work (13%) with school and motel locations less common. The findings of this thesis will improve our ability to better simulate spatial behavior in evacuations, as well as improve our management of emergency evacuations.
Measurement and structural modelling on factors of Islamic Fintech adoption among millennials in Malaysia

Purpose This study aims to examine the results of structural equation modelling in applying unified theory of acceptance and use of technology in adopting Islamic Fintech among millennials in Malaysia via measurement and structural models. Design/methodology/approach A total of 418 valid responses have been obtained from Malaysians who are using Islamic Fintech. Before the data is analysed into measurement and structural modelling preliminary analysis such as common method bias has been conducted. Findings All the requirements for model fit in this study have been achieved. Four exogenous constructs are performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating condition. The mediating construct is behavioural intention, whereas the endogenous variable is user adoption. All exogenous constructs show significant p-values except for effort expectancy. Practical implications This study offers important implications, specifically for the digital economy that is currently making its way throughout every aspect of human life, namely, social, religious, financial transaction, entertainment and others. The impact of the digital economy can be traced through the emergence of Fintech. The adoption of Islamic Fintech is one of the least discussed areas academically, therefore, this study is considered necessary to explore the prediction of consumer behaviour in Islamic Fintech adoption as a part of the digital economy in Malaysia. Originality/value This study fills the perceived gap in the existing financial technology literature by assessing Islamic financial technology adoption via measurement and structural modelling.
Optimization of Sensory Properties of Cold Brew Coffee Produced by Reduced Pressure Cycles and Its Physicochemical Characteristics

The use of vacuum cycles for the cold extraction of coffee is a new process that leads to a significant reduction in process time of Cold Brew compared to conventional methods. This research aimed at specifying the necessary parameters for producing a consumer-accepted cold brew coffee by applying vacuum cycles. This was achieved by investigating the effect of the number of cycles and of the applied pressure (vacuum) on the physicochemical characteristics of the cold brew coffee, i.e., total dissolved solids (TDS%), pH, acidity, phenol and caffeine content and color. Furthermore, sensory evaluation took place by members of the Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA) to specify parameters such as coffee blend, coffee/water ratio, total water hardness and grind size and secondly to determine the optimal pressure and number of cycles for a tasty final beverage. The sensory and physiochemical characteristics of cold extraction coffee were investigated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). It became evident that coffee extraction by applying two vacuum cycles at 205 mbar pressure produced the lowest intensity of physiochemical properties (caffeine, phenols, acidity, TDS% and pH), and the highest score of sensory characteristics (fragrance, body, acidity, flavor, balance, and aftertaste). Caffeine and phenol concentration of the optimal beverage were 26.66 ± 1.56 mg/g coffee and 23.36 ± 0.79 mg gallic acid/g coffee respectively. The physiochemical characteristics were also compared to a beverage of hot extraction of the same blend and ratio of coffee to water.
Unobserved Endowments and Gender Differences in Marriage Matching

This study investigates the effects of unobserved earnings-related endowments on marital outcomes, focusing on potential gender differences. Using a less stringent, more plausible assumption that monozygotic twins share more similar endowments relative to dizygotic twins, we develop a novel identification strategy from the twins experiment. Using unique Chinese twins survey data, we find that men with genetic endowments related to higher earnings marry earlier and have younger, taller wives; such women marry later and have older husbands with higher education and income. Results cast doubt on the conventional assumption of independence between unobservables and observable marital attributes.
Scan strategies for wind profiling with Doppler lidar – an large-eddy simulation (LES)-based evaluation

Abstract. Doppler-lidar scan techniques for wind profiling rely on the assumption of a horizontally homogeneous wind field and stationarity for the duration of the scan. As this condition is mostly violated in reality, detailed knowledge of the resulting measurement error is required. The objective of this study is to quantify and compare the expected error associated with Doppler-lidar wind profiling for different scan strategies and meteorological conditions by performing virtual Doppler-lidar measurements implemented in a large-eddy simulation (LES) model. Various factors influencing the lidar retrieval error are analyzed through comparison of the wind measured by the virtual lidar with the “true” value generated by the LES. These factors include averaging interval length, zenith angle configuration, scan technique and instrument orientation (cardinal direction). For the first time, ensemble simulations are used to determine the statistically expected uncertainty of the lidar error. The analysis reveals a root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of less than 1 m s−1 for 10 min averages of wind speed measurements in a moderately convective boundary layer, while RMSD exceeds 2 m s−1 in strongly convective conditions. Unlike instrument orientation with respect to the main flow and scanning scheme, the zenith angle configuration proved to have significant effect on the retrieval error. Horizontal wind speed error is reduced when a larger zenith angle configuration is used but is increased for measurements of vertical wind. Furthermore, we find that extending the averaging interval length of lidar measurements reduces the error. In addition, a longer duration of a full scan cycle and hence a smaller number of scans per averaging interval increases the error. Results suggest that the scan strategy has a measurable impact on the lidar retrieval error and that instrument configuration should be chosen depending on the quantity of interest and the flow conditions in which the measurement is performed.
Cellulose-Based Materials Crosslinked with Epichlorohydrin: A Mini Review

biopolymer attention by researchers in several different fields. Hydroxyl groups on cellulose chains can be chemically modified in order to improve physico-chemical properties enabling applications in different areas such as biomaterials for implants, removal of chemical components from water and hydrogels for the delivery of drugs and fertilizers. In this context, chemical crosslinkers may also bring advantages to cellulose-based materials and derivatives improving their thermal stability, surface area and swelling degree of hydrogels. Among many chemical crosslinkers, epichlorohydrin has been used in recent years to prepare materials based on cellulose and other biopolymers. Thus, here we aim to review recent works reporting cellulose-based materials crosslinked with epichlorohydrin in a comparative approach with other common agents such as glutaraldehyde and citric acid, their advantages and disadvantages as well as future prospects.
Relationship between Principal Leadership Style and Student Achievement: A Comparative Study between Germany and China

This article explored the different clusters of leadership styles and the relationship between principal leadership style and student academic achievement in domains of mathematics, reading, science, and collaborative problem-solving in Germany and China. We used PISA 2015 data covering 6,504 students and 256 school principals from German schools and 9,841 students and 268 school leaders from Chinese schools. Results identified three leadership styles in Germany, namely, transformational (23.4%), instructional (41.3%), and integrated (35.3%) leadership, and two leadership styles in China, namely, transformational (38.6%) and instructional (61.4%) principals. Principals with instructional and integrated leadership had higher student achievements in Germany, whereas only principals with transformational leadership had slightly higher student achievements in China. Moreover, three leadership styles in Germany and two in China showed their relationships with each domain of student achievement. In conclusion, principals in Germany and China had different priorities in leading schools. The differences that principal leadership made on student achievements highlighted the differences in principals’ situational context and leading characteristics between Germany and China.
Patenting nanotechnology: Are we on the right track?

Nanotechnology, the technology that brings the atom-by-atom manipulation of matter within reach, holds the promise of many societal benefits, such as dramatic progress in healthcare, environmental benefits and further advances in computing. Patents will be of crucial importance if innovation in nanotechnology is to live up to the expectations placed upon it. However, questions can be raised with the large number of patents granted for nanotechnology and the basic character of some of these patents. Impenetrable patent thickets or patents with great blocking power may be created right now. This chapter investigates whether patent law is being applied adequately with a view to realising the full innovative potential of nanotechnology and its societal benefits. It will not deal with the question of whether nanotechnology is patentable per se, but will focus on the way in which patents are currently being granted.
Minimising Clearance Consumption: A Key Factor for the Design of Blades Robust to Rotor/Stator Interactions?

The recent development of a numerical strategy dedicated to the simulation of rotor/stator interactions stemming from structural contacts in modern aircraft engines led to the first optimization of a high-pressure compressor blade profile accounting for criteria related to nonlinear contact simulations. This optimization procedure revealed very significant improvements in terms of amplitudes of vibration but failed to identify key design parameters. Satisfying numerical results were obtained by a minor modification of a combination of many design parameters. Based on this observation, this contribution intends to shed a new light on this previous redesign operation focusing on one key quantity: the clearance consumption. This quantity is presented in the first section. In the second section, results of the redesign operation are recalled before the presentation of original results, featuring detailed interaction maps in the frequency domain, on which focuses the third section of the article. Finally, the blade profiles are extensively compared based on their specific clearance consumption and presented results suggest that this quantity may be key in discriminating acceptable from unacceptable blade profiles with respect to their vibratory behaviour when structural contacts occur.
Discovery and dynamics of a cryptic marine copepod–parasite interaction

: Parasitism is increasingly recognized as a critical element of ecosystem dynamics but remains understudied due to observational limitations, especially in rapidly fluctuating marine plankton populations. We combined 3 new techniques — in situ imaging microscopy, automated classification, and empirical dynamic modeling — to quantify interactions between Oithona spp. and the rhizarian parasite Paradinium spp. at hourly resolution for over 1 yr in the Southern California Bight. We investigate the time scales, host population effects, and potential environmental drivers of infection. Our study suggests that Paradinium spp. is consistently present in the local copepod population at low levels throughout the year and that the parasite exerts control on the host population on a 22−23 d lag — a delay consistent with known Oithona spp. generation times. The interaction strength was pronounced at higher temperatures, suggesting that Paradinium spp. will have a significant role in local ecosystem dynamics as surface ocean temperatures rise.
SAR Ship-Iceberg Discrimination in Arctic Conditions Using Deep Learning

Maritime surveillance of the Arctic region is of growing importance as shipping, fishing and tourism are increasing due to the sea ice retreat caused by global warming. Ships that do not identify themselves with a transponder system, so-called dark ships, pose a security risk. They can be detected by SAR satellites, which can monitor the vast Arctic region through clouds, day and night, with the caveat that the abundant icebergs in the Arctic cause false alarms. We collect and analyze 200 Sentinel-1 horizontally polarized SAR scenes from areas with high maritime traffic and from the Arctic region with a high density of icebergs. Ships and icebergs are detected using a continuous wavelet transform, which is optimized by correlating ships to known AIS positions. Globally, we are able to assign 72% of the AIS signals to a SAR ship and 32% of the SAR ships to an AIS signal. The ships are used to construct an annotated dataset of more than 9000 ships and ten times as many icebergs. The dataset is used for training several convolutional neural networks, and we propose a new network which achieves state of the art performance compared to previous ship–iceberg discrimination networks, reaching 93% validation accuracy. Furthermore, we collect a smaller test dataset consisting of 424 ships from 100 Arctic scenes which are correlated to AIS positions. This dataset constitutes an operational Arctic test scenario. We find these ships harder to classify with a lower test accuracy of 83%, because some of the ships sail near icebergs and ice floes, which confuses the classification algorithms.
Does Root Development Status Affect the Outcome of Tooth Autotransplantation? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Background: Tooth autotransplantation is defined as the surgical repositioning of an autogenous tooth in another surgical site within the same individual. Aim: The aim of this research was to analyze the outcome of tooth transplantation using immature donor teeth compared with closed apex teeth and to compare differences between donor tooth positions on the arch. Methods: Electronic and manual literature searches were performed in different databases, including the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE), EMBASE (OVID), Cochrane Central (CENTRAL), and the digital library of the Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC University) from 1978 to March 2021. Studies were selected when they fulfilled the following criteria: only human prospective clinical studies, minimum sample size of 10 patients, minimum follow-up of 1 year, studies reporting or with at least deducible data on survival rates, immediate tooth autotransplantation with completed or incomplete root formation, and publications in the English language. A meta-analysis of random effects was developed to estimate the global effect measure of the survival rate, success rate, and root resorption involving the total sample, as well as open- and closed-apex groups. Results: Twenty-four articles were eligible for analysis. The Cohen’s kappa corresponding to this review was 0.87, and the risk assessment was considered low–moderate for the included studies. Overall survival and success rates were 95.9% and 89.4%, respectively, with a mean follow-up of 4 years and an overall mean age of 25.2 ± 12.3 years. Closed apex teeth showed a survival rate of 3.9% lower than that of open apex teeth. Higher complication rates were found for both inflammatory external root resorption and replacement root resorption in the closed-apex group, without reaching statistical significance. Conclusions: Tooth autotransplantation is a viable treatment alternative, regardless of the apical condition, with high survival and success rates after a mean follow-up of 4 years. Open-apex donor teeth could be considered the gold-standard option, showing lower complication rates when compared to closed-apex donor teeth. Future randomized controlled clinical studies are needed to examine the long-term prognosis of this technique.