Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to human papillomavirus vaccination among college students in a state university: Implications for nurse practitioners

ABSTRACT Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States and disproportionately affects adolescents and young adults. Although a safe and efficacious vaccine is available, many college students are unimmunized against HPV. Most students presenting to college health centers are within the age range for catch-up immunization, giving nurse practitioners (NPs) in this setting an opportunity to increase vaccination rates. More information is needed about college students' HPV knowledge, attitudes, and vaccination uptake so that NPs can make effective vaccine recommendations to this population. Purpose: To examine (a) Knowledge and attitudes about HPV and its vaccine; (b) HPV immunization practices; and (c) factors associated with HPV knowledge, attitudes, and vaccination among college students in a US university. Methods: This cross-sectional quantitative study collected data from participants in a state university student health center. Data collected included knowledge, attitudes, and practices about HPV and its vaccine from 627 students. Results: Participants had a moderately low HPV knowledge but positive attitudes toward HPV and its vaccine. Participants with a higher level of HPV knowledge were US born, health-related majors, married or divorced, and had positive attitudes. Higher HPV knowledge, vaccine uptake, and a family history of cervical cancer were associated with positive attitudes. Predictors for vaccine uptake include being a health-related major and positive vaccine attitudes. Implications for practice: The results of this study help NPs, registered nurses, and other health care providers make effective HPV vaccine recommendations to college students. Students with positive HPV attitudes can serve as peer educators to increase HPV vaccination awareness in this population.
The role of IL-17, IL-23 and IL-31, IL-33 in allergic skin diseases.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergic skin diseases such as urticaria, atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis are among the most common skin diseases with severe socioeconomic consequences. The pathogenesis of allergic skin diseases is complex. This review provides an overview of cytocines IL-17, IL-23, IL-31 and IL-33. RECENT FINDINGS Current research results show a variety of immunological processes in the pathogenesis of the allergic skin diseases, including the role of cytokines. In addition to the Th1 and Th2 immune response, the immune response via Th17 is becoming increasingly important in allergic skin diseases but also the cytokines IL-23, IL-31 and IL-33 have been discussed in the literature recently. Different cytokines promote in a kind of orchestra the different symptoms seen in the different allergic skin diseases, including pruritus, dermatitis, mast cell mediator release and inflammation. SUMMARY We are still in the early stages of understanding pathophysiology of allergic skin diseases and the role of various cytokines in the immune system. With the development of targeted antibodies against the proinflammatory cytokines, the variety of normal therapeutic options can be expected to evolve.
COVID-19 symptoms predictive of healthcare workers’ SARS-CoV-2 PCR results

Background Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, transmissible both person-to-person and from contaminated surfaces. Early COVID-19 detection among healthcare workers (HCWs) is crucial for protecting patients and the healthcare workforce. Because of limited testing capacity, symptom-based screening may prioritize testing and increase diagnostic accuracy. Methods and findings We performed a retrospective study of HCWs undergoing both COVID-19 telephonic symptom screening and nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 assays during the period, March 9—April 15, 2020. HCWs with negative assays but progressive symptoms were re-tested for SARS-CoV-2. Among 592 HCWs tested, 83 (14%) had an initial positive SARS-CoV-2 assay. Fifty-nine of 61 HCWs (97%) who were asymptomatic or reported only sore throat/nasal congestion had negative SARS-CoV-2 assays (P = 0.006). HCWs reporting three or more symptoms had an increased multivariate-adjusted odds of having positive assays, 1.95 (95% CI: 1.10–3.64), which increased to 2.61 (95% CI: 1.50–4.45) for six or more symptoms. The multivariate-adjusted odds of a positive assay were also increased for HCWs reporting fever and a measured temperature ≥ 37.5°C (3.49 (95% CI: 1.95–6.21)), and those with myalgias (1.83 (95% CI: 1.04–3.23)). Anosmia/ageusia (i.e. loss of smell/loss of taste) was reported less frequently (16%) than other symptoms by HCWs with positive assays, but was associated with more than a seven-fold multivariate-adjusted odds of a positive test: OR = 7.21 (95% CI: 2.95–17.67). Of 509 HCWs with initial negative SARS-CoV-2 assays, nine had symptom progression and positive re-tests, yielding an estimated negative predictive value of 98.2% (95% CI: 96.8–99.0%) for the exclusion of clinically relevant COVID-19. Conclusions Symptom and temperature reports are useful screening tools for predicting SARS-CoV-2 assay results in HCWs. Anosmia/ageusia, fever, and myalgia were the strongest independent predictors of positive assays. The absence of symptoms or symptoms limited to nasal congestion/sore throat were associated with negative assays.
MESOZOIC THRIPS AND EARLY EVOLUTION OF THE ORDER THYSANOPTERA (INSECTA)

Abstract The oldest known thrips, order Thysanoptera, are described from the Late Triassic of Virginia and Kazakhstan: Triassothrips virginicus Grimaldi and Fraser, new genus and species (Cow Branch Formation: Carnian), and Kazachothrips triassicus Shmakov, new genus and species (Tologoy Formation: Carnian–Norian). Prior to this the oldest definitive thysanopterans were from the Late Jurassic of Kazakhstan (Kimmeridgian), some 80 My younger. Well-preserved, relatively complete, wing venation indicates the Triassic thrips are phylogenetically the basalmost thysanopterans, and their venation even allows identification and homologizing the highly reduced veins in Recent thrips. Another basal thrips is described from mid–Cretaceous (Turonian) amber of New Jersey, Cretothrips antiquus Grimaldi, new genus and species, which is similar to several Recent genera of Aeolothripidae. A phylogenetic hypothesis of basal relationships in Thysanoptera based on wing venation supports a basal relationship for Aeolothripidae and derived position for Phlaeothripidae among Recent families.
Drip Irrigation in California Strawberry Nurseries to Reduce the Incidence of Colletotrichum acutatum in Fruit Production

Strawberry anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum acutatum is often asymp- tomatic on plants in sprinkler-irrigated nurseries but destructive after transplantation into fruiting fields. This study evaluated the impact of strawberry nursery sprinkler and drip irrigation in the presence or absence of C. acutatum on post-transplantation plant growth, mortality, and fruit yield in fruiting fields in California. In a 2005 nursery at Tulelake, CA, dip infestation of mother plants with C. acutatum reduced early-season mother plant canopy size by 21% and delayed runner production in mother plants but otherwise had no obvious disease symptoms. In comparison with sprinkler-irrigated treatments in the nursery, drip irrigation of infested nursery plots reduced plant losses in fruit production fields by 86% at Watsonville, CA, in 2005 and 50% and 75% at Oxnard, CA, in 2005 and 2008. Transplants from infested nursery treatments had a 33% to 60% smaller canopy and 11% to 42% lower yield than transplants from uninfested nursery treatments. However, transplant canopy size and yield from the infested and then drip- irrigated nursery treatment were similar to the sprinkler-irrigated, non-infested nursery treatment. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction measurements of C. acutatum in crown tissue of fruiting field plants seven weeks after transplanting showed significantly more C. acutatum ('11·) in their crowns in sprinkler-irrigated than drip-irrigated, infested nursery transplant treatments. During the course of fruit production, the amount of C. acutatum in crown tissue increased in all treatments. However, at the end of the fruit season, there was still significantly more ('8·) C. acutatum in the crowns of the plants produced bysprinkler irrigation thanby drip irrigation in the nursery. These data suggest that if C. acutatum is present in the nursery, drip irrigation can reduce subsequent plant stunting and yield losses in strawberry production fields.
Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): a polyphagous plant pest from Asia newly detected in North America.

The Asian pentatomid Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Heteroptera) is reported for the first time in North America based on collection of specimens or confirmed sightings in five counties in eastern Pennsylvania. Known in the Asian literature as the yellow-brown or brown marmorated stink bug, H. halys is considered a significant horticultural pest in Japan; it has a broad host range that includes plants of economic importance such as pea, soybean, apple, peach, cherry, and various other fruit and ornamental trees. In Japan's northern regions it is regarded as a nuisance pest late in the season when adults aggregate and seek overwintering sites in and around houses and commercial establishments. Descriptions and photographs of the adult and immature stages are provided to help distinguish it from other North American pentatomids. Habits, seasonal history, and host plants, based on the Asian literature and our own observations, are summarized. Photographs of leaf-feeding damage are also provided. Halyomorpha halys may have been accidentally introduced with international commerce, i.e., via bulk freight containers from either Japan, Korea, or China.
Drivers' attitudes toward wildlife‐vehicle collisions with reptiles and other taxa

Wildlife‐vehicle collisions threaten most wildlife taxa as road and traffic densities increase across landscapes. While the biophysical effects of roads on wildlife are well‐studied, research on psychosocial factors that influence wildlife‐vehicle collisions remains sparse. Road characteristics and species behavior are often used to estimate the frequency of collisions, but drivers' attitudes and intentions toward striking animals may put persecuted species at an elevated risk. To inform management and education of road impacts to wildlife, especially reptiles, we surveyed patrons of Jekyll Island (JI), Georgia, USA: to (1) measure their degree of concern for broad impacts of wildlife‐vehicle collisions; (2) gauge their degree of disfavor with hitting animals of different taxa with a vehicle; (3) understand specific predictors influencing attitudes toward hitting deer, turtles and snakes. Respondents were more concerned with personal safety and impacts to wildlife than damage to vehicles. They were most upset with collisions involving large mammals (bears and deer), domesticated animals (dogs and cats) and turtles, and they were least upset with hitting snakes. Respondents that showed concern for wildlife and had visited JI nature centers were more likely to be upset with hitting each taxa. Our results support previous psychosocial findings regarding negative attitudes toward snakes but additionally demonstrate that these attitudes can remain alongside positive attitudes toward other taxa, such as mammals and turtles. These findings can inform our ability to predict the frequency of wildlife‐vehicle collisions and tailor conservation messages toward taxa when negative attitudes exist.
Relative Resistance of Grapevine Rootstocks to Armillaria Root Disease

Grapevine rootstocks were screened for resistance to infection by Armillaria mellea , the pathogen that causes Armillaria root disease. The first objective was to determine which factors hasten colonization of grapevines by A. mellea in order to develop the most rapid inoculation technique. Results showed that wounding the root collar bark and vascular cambium did not significantly increase infection rate ( p = 1.0), that young vines were infected significantly faster than older vines ( p = 0.03), and that fine roots (≤5 mm diam) were not susceptible to infection. Based on these findings, the inoculation technique was modified and used to inoculate dormant rootings of eight rootstocks in the greenhouse. After two years, the root collars were examined for the presence of mycelial fans of A. mellea and infection was confirmed by culture. The rootstock Freedom had the lowest frequency of infection (7%) and was the most resistant rootstock ( p = 0.0016). Rootstocks O39-16, 5C, Riparia Gloire, and 3309C had the highest frequencies of infection with 63%, 73%, 79%, and 85%, respectively. Rootstocks St. George, Ramsey, and 110R had intermediate frequencies of infection. Results suggest that Freedom and, to a lesser extent, St. George, Ramsey, and 110R will be useful components of an integrated management strategy for Armillaria root disease. Resistant rootstocks may decrease the rate of colonization of grapevines in A. mellea -infested vineyards, thereby reducing yield losses from Armillaria root disease.
Vaporized H2O2 decontamination against surrogate viruses for the reuse of N95 respirators in the COVID-19 emergency

Decontamination of N95 respirators has become critical to alleviate PPE shortages for healthcare workers in the current COVID-19 emergency. The factors that are considered for the effective reuse of these masks are the fit, filter efficiency and decontamination/disinfection level both for SARS-CoV-2, which is the causative virus for COVID-19, and for other organisms of concern in the hospital environment such as Staphylococcus aureus or Clostridium difficile. In its guidance entitled 'Recommendations for Sponsors Requesting EUAs for Decontamination and Bioburden Reduction Systems for Surgical Masks and Respirators During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) Public Health Emergency' (May 2020)[1], the FDA recommends a 6-log10 reduction in either the most resistant bacterial spores for the system or in a mycobacterium species to authorize the use of a decontamination method of N95 respirators for single or multiple users. While the goal is primarily inactivation against SARS-CoV-2, testing of decontamination methods against the virus may not always be available. For decontamination methods considered for only single users, the recommendation is a 6-log10 reduction in the infective virus concentration of 3 non-enveloped viruses or in the concentration of two Gram (+) and two Gram (-) bacteria. Based on these recommendations, we explored the efficacy of vaporized H2O2 (VHP) treatment of N95 respirators against surrogate viruses covering a wide range of disinfection resistance for emergency decontamination and reuse to alleviate PPE shortages for healthcare workers in the COVID-19 emergency.
CODON OPTIMIZATION OF SERRATIA MARCESCENS CHIA AND ITS EXPRESSION IN TOBACCO

Response surface methodology(RSM) was employed to optimize conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction(UAE) of antioxidantive components from Arundinagraminifolia. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH) free radical scavenging assay was used to evaluate the activity of antioxidative components . Based on the single-factor test, we identified extraction time, ethanol volume fraction, extraction temperature and liquid-solid ratio as the main variables that influence DPPH free radical scavenging activity of A. graminifolia extract. The optimal conditions to achieve the maximum activity were determined as follows: extraction time 35 min, extraction temperature46oC, ethanol volume fraction 74%and liquid-solidratio27 mL.g -1 . The scavenging rateof 78.71%was achieved under the optimal extraction conditions, which was well in agreement with the optimal predicted values ( 79.16%). This extraction method was simple and efficient and provided a method of sample preparation to determine DPPH radical scavenging activity of total antioxidative components from A. graminifolia. The research also provided a reference for full utilization of A. graminifolia and identified a technique to extract antioxidative components.
Embryo survival, but not first-parity litter size, is increased when gilts are fed diets supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil

The response in reproductive performance when pigs are fed diets supplemented with fats high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has not been widely studied. Improved fertility has been reported in sows and other species fed diets with added fish oil, a rich source of omega-3 PUFA, but results are inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of the duration and the level of supplementation of omega-3 PUFA from fish oil on the reproductive performance of gilts. In Experiment 1, 570 Large White and Landrace purebred gilts were fed ad libitum either an unsupplemented diet containing tallow (Control) or a diet containing 3 g fish oil/kg (Omega-3) as a partial replacement for tallow from 24 weeks (Omega-3 for 6 weeks) or 27 weeks of age (Omega-3 for 3 weeks) before mating. Liveweight and backfat gain between 24 weeks of age and mating were recorded. Gilts were then fed an unsupplemented diet during gestation and farrowing rate and first litter size were recorded. In Experiment 2, 356 Large White × Landrace F1 cross gilts were fed ad libitum diets containing either 0, 3 or 10 g fish oil/kg of diet as a partial replacement of tallow from 24 weeks of age and continued after mating at 2.2 kg/day until slaughter at 25 days of gestation. Pregnancy rate, ovulation and embryo survival were recorded. Data were analysed by general linear model ANOVA and Chi-square methods. In Experiment 1, there was no increase in farrowing rate or litter size born in gilts fed the omega-3-supplemented diet for either 3 or 6 weeks before mating compared with Control gilts. In Experiment 2, supplementation with omega-3 PUFA from 24 weeks of age through to mating and continued during early gestation did not increase ovulation rate but there was a trend (P < 0.10) for an increase in embryo survival measured at Day 25 of gestation in gilts fed diets containing fish oil. Embryo survival was higher in gilts fed diets containing 3 g fish oil/kg of diet than in those fed the Control diet (P < 0.05). Increasing the supplementation level to 10 g fish oil/kg did not increase embryo survival further. In both experiments, supplementation of omega-3 as fish oil did not affect the onset of oestrous, gilt removal and weight and backfat gain. In conclusion, supplementation of omega-3 PUFA before mating did not improve farrowing rate or litter size in gilts. It may be necessary to continue feeding diets with low concentrations of fish oil during early gestation to maximise the reproductive response to elevated omega-3 PUFA.
Movement Patterns of Adult Green and Golden Bell Frogs Litoria aurea and the Implications for Conservation Management

Abstract Conservation of pond-breeding frogs requires information on movement patterns within populations. The Green and Golden Bell Frog (Litoria aurea) is endangered in New South Wales, Australia; yet little is known about its movement biology. To inform conservation planning and habitat restoration, we conducted a mark-recapture study to describe the movement patterns of adult L. aurea among permanent and ephemeral waterbodies, on Kooragang Island, New South Wales, Australia. Twenty-nine percent and 18% of 551 males and 228 females marked, respectively, were recaptured on ≥ 1 occasions over two breeding seasons (2000 and 2001). Most recaptures were in the same permanent waterbody as the original capture (53% males, 65% females). Twenty-seven (24%) male and seven (50%) female movements were from a permanent waterbody to the nearest permanent waterbody (<50 m), respectively. Male L. aurea, usually large individuals, moved relatively long distances (>200 m) to ephemeral waterbodies from permanent waterbodies after prolonged heavy rain. Of the total number of male and female movements recorded, 44 (39%) and two (14%) were to or from ephemeral waterbodies, respectively. Our results demonstrated high site fidelity of L. aurea to individual waterbodies and groups of neighboring waterbodies, especially permanent ones. Our results showed that L. aurea tended to breed in more permanent waterbodies but reproduced opportunistically in ephemeral waterbodies where recruitment was less successful. Habitat restoration projects for L. aurea should construct permanent and ephemeral waterbodies and provide adequate buffer zones that protect the terrestrial habitat.
An Sem Survey of The Leaf Epidermis in Danthonioid Grasses (Poaceae: Danthonioideae)

Abstract This study comprised a scanning electron microscope survey of abaxial epidermal features in subfamily Danthonioideae, with emphasis on North American Danthonia. The survey included 21 taxa, encompassing seven genera (Austrodanthonia, Cortaderia, Danthonia, Merxmuellera, Notodanthonia, Rytidosperma, Tribolium) and the eight North American Danthonia species. We investigated micromorphological characters to determine taxonomic utility and whether North American representatives of Danthonia are distinct. We examined micromorphological epidermal features: macrohairs, bicellular microhairs, prickle hairs, silica bodies, and stomata. We found no distinguishing characters at the subfamilial level. Danthonia is characterized by the absence of abaxial stomata and presence of bicellular microhairs with basal and terminal cells of equal length and microhairs with long basal cells relative to terminal cells. Prickle hairs in the abaxial epidermal costal regions of four species of North American Danthonia are reported for the first time.
University of Groningen Behavioral Engagement, Peer Status, and Teacher-Student Relationships in Adolescence

Although teachers and peers play an important role in shaping students’ engagement, no previous study has directly investigated transactional associations of these classroom-based relationships in adolescence. This study investigated the transactional associations between adolescents’ behavioral engagement, peer status (likeability and popularity), and (positive and negative) teacher-student relationships during secondary education. A large sample of adolescents was followed from Grade 7 to 11 (N = 1,116; 49% female; M age = 13.79 years). Multivariate autoregressive cross-lagged modeling revealed only unidirectional effects from teacher-student relationships and peer status on students’ behavioral engagement. Positive teacher-student relationships were associated with more behavioral engagement over time, whereas negative teacher-student relationships, higher likeability and higher popularity were related to less behavioral engagement over time. We conclude that teachers and peers constitute different sources of influence, and play independent roles in adolescents’ behavioral engagement.
Mutual Fund Liquidity Timing in Higher Moment Framework: The Evidence from Thailand

In this paper, we provide the first evidence of liquidity timing ability of mutual funds outside US. We propose a new model to study liquidity timing ability of mutual funds. Our model matches the higher moment framework required for emerging market study. We find that low performance and high performance funds clearly have inverse liquidity timing ability. The low performance funds have negative liquidity timing ability, whereas the higher performance funds exhibit positive liquidity timing ability. Our results of liquidity timing hold in higher moment framework. We further analyze the effect of bank-mutual funds relationship and find that the bank-related mutual funds have positive liquidity timing ability while we find no evidence of this liquidity timing for non-bank-related mutual funds.