Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Players Perception of the Chemistry in the Video Game No Man’s Sky

Background No Man’s Sky (NMS) is a sci-fi videogame about survival and exploration where players fly spaceships, search for elements, and use them to build, trade, and survive. Despite evolving around scientific concepts, NMS isn’t a serious game, and not all the scientific content in the game is presented with evidence. Theory and Method Looking at the interceptions between videogames and science, and moving to how science communication, both in theory and practice, can be explored within the videogame’s paradigm, a survey was developed to better understand how NMS players perceive the scientific content in the game. Aims Are players aware of the scientific content and how it is presented in NMS? Can they decipher it, question it and understand it under real-world rules? With the data collected from 124 respondents from 23 countries, we aim to better understand how an entertainment videogame can potentially help scientists, educators, and science communicators reach a growing, evolving, vibrant, diverse, and demanding audience. Results Players seem aware of the scientific content in NMS, with a positive attitude through it. But players showed problems identifying what is right and wrong, while also pointing to the idea that every videogame that deals with science should strive to treat it with evidence. 57% of the respondents answered that NMS motivated them to know more about chemistry, with more than 35% revealing that they learned something new and understood the role of some scientific fundaments in certain real-world situations like new energy sources, biomes, or the role of carbon and oxygen. Discussion and Conclusion With the growth of the videogames’ audience, educators, science communicators, scientists, and policymakers can find in the medium – in any shape or form – a fun and interactive ally to engage with younger audiences and promote dialogues that can be transformative around scientific topics.
Resonance enhancement of harmonics in laser-produced Zn II and Zn III containing plasmas using tunable mid-infrared pulses

We demonstrate the generation of enhanced tuneable harmonics of the mid-infrared (1250−1400 nm), 65 fs pulses in laser-produced zinc plasma in the regions of Zn II and Z III autoionizing states (77 and 68 nm, respectively). The role of singly and doubly ionized zinc in the modification of harmonic spectra was analyzed by variation of plasma formation conditions. Microprocesses and the propagation effect are also discussed to describe the narrowing of enhanced emission spectra.
Courbes rationnelles sur les variétés homogènes

Soit X une variete homogene sous un groupe G. Nous etudions les orbites maximales de X sous l'action d'un parabolique de G. Nous les decomposons en fibrations affines et projectives. Cette description permet de montrer que le schema de Hilbert des courbes rationnelles lisses de classe fixee est non vide et irreductible.
The Impact of Online Socialization on Adolescent Mental Health: The Mediating Role of Friendship Quality and Family Relationships

In the age of advanced information networks, the importance of adolescent mental health has received increasing attention. While previous research has focused on the effects of friendship quality and online socialization behaviors on adolescent mental health, little is known about the mediating variables involved. This study is aimed at exploring the direct and mediating effects of online socialization on adolescent mental health, as well as the role of friendship quality and family relationships. A structural equation model was constructed based on questionnaire results from a sample of adolescents. The results indicated that active social networks promote healthy psychological development in adolescents, either directly or by enhancing friendship quality, but may reduce family relationships and suppress adolescent mental health. Passive social networks with a lack of communication, on the other hand, can negatively affect both friendship and family relationships, resulting in adverse emotions and detrimental effects on healthy development. Based on these findings, this study provides important insights for parents and educators to support the healthy psychological development of adolescents. Specifically, parents and educators should pay attention to adolescents’ online socialization behaviors and encourage healthy communication and interaction on social media. They should also promote strong and positive family relationships, which may mitigate the negative effects of passive social networks on adolescent mental health. This study adds to the theory of adolescent psychology research and offers practical recommendations for improving adolescent mental health.
Estimating House Prices in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies: A Big Data Approach

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.
Effect of aging and blending duration on the degree of blending and performance of recycled hot-mix asphalt (HMA)

ABSTRACT This research explored the effect of aging and blending duration on the degree of blending (DoB) and performance of recycled HMAs, as well as the actual contribution of DoBs to the performance of recycled HMA. Nine groups were designed, including one group designed as “full blending group”; one group designed as “no blending group”; and seven experimental groups designed as “partial blending groups” under the different combinations of RAP materials and blending durations. The volumetric indicators, DoB, moisture susceptibility, high- and low-temperature performance of each group were assessed. It was found that prolonging the blending duration can effectively restore the performance of recycled HMAs containing RAP with serious aging. With the extension of blending duration by 180s, more RAP binder was activated, and the DoB of blended mixes enhanced by around 5%~30%, resulting in about 2%~16%, 8%~21%, and 7%~15% improved in the tensile strength ratio, shear strength, and fracture energy of recycled HMAs. In addition, the result also showed that about 10% increase in DoBs, corresponding to RAP binder activated by about 0.15% in this research, can contribute to around 1%~25%, 5%~16%, and 3%~24% improve in the water stability, high- and low-temperature performance of recycled HMAs, respectively.
RPC observation of the development and evolution of plasma interaction boundaries at 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

One of the primary objectives of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium, a suite of five plasma instruments on-board the Rosetta spacecraft, is to observe the formation and evolution of plasma interaction regions at the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P/CG). Observations made between 2015 April and 2016 February show that solar wind–cometary plasma interaction boundaries and regions formed around 2015 mid-April and lasted through early 2016 January. At least two regions were observed, separated by an ion-neutral collisionopause boundary. The inner region was located on the nucleus side of the boundary and was characterized by low-energy water-group ions, reduced magnetic field pileup and enhanced electron densities. The outer region was located outside of the boundary and was characterized by reduced electron densities, water-group ions that are accelerated to energies above 100 eV and enhanced magnetic field pileup compared to the inner region. The boundary discussed here is outside of the diamagnetic cavity and shows characteristics similar to observations made on-board the Giotto spacecraft in the ion pileup region at 1P/Halley. We find that the boundary is likely to be related to ion-neutral collisions and that its location is influenced by variability in the neutral density and the solar wind dynamic pressure.
Patterns of Nonlinearity in the Ratio of Stimulus Accommodative Convergence to Accommodation

Background: This study disputes the assumption that the stimulus accommodative convergence to accommodation (AC/A) ratio is linear. Subjects and Methods: Accommodative convergence induced by minus lenses of varying power (-1.50 to -6.00DS, at intervals of 1.50DS) is measured on the Synoptophore in a group of 96 non-strabismic children aged 6 years 3 months to 11 years 2 months (mean 8.81 ± 1.43 years). Results: The mean AC/A ratios obtained with a stimulus to accommodation of 1.5D; 3.00D; 4.5D; 6.00D are 2.25 ± 1.47; 2.88 ± 1.15; 3.28 ± 1.02; 3.49 ± 0.85 respectively. Five patterns of change in AC/A ratio with stiumulus are described. Conclusion: Further studies in all age groups are necessary to investigate the non-linearity of the AC/A ratio over repeated measurements and the repeatability of the testing method.
Evaluation of the Factors that affect voluntary blood donation in students at Rushoroza Seed School, Kanungu District.

Globally, in 2015 World Health Organization theme for blood donor day campaign was “thanks for saving my life”. On June 14th, WHO, strongly encourages more people to donate blood voluntarily and regularly with slogan “Give freely”, give often, blood donation matters world-wide. Uganda with a population of 34 million needs about 250,000 units of blood to be able to meet its national needs but couldn’t get these big units due to many challenges. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate factors affecting Voluntary Blood Donation among students at Rushoroza Seed School, Kanungu District. This study was conducted in Rushoroza Seed School. A cross-sectional descriptive and quantitative study was employed. The results showed that 67% (45) participants had never donated blood voluntarily, 33% (22) ever donated blood voluntarily. Out of 67 participants majority of them donated 35(52.2%) so that they can get biscuits and soda after the donation while 22(32.8)% were encouraged by friend to donate blood, 6(8.95%) heard appeal for blood donation on radio and 4(5.97%) relative/friend needed blood to be transfused. Out of 67 participants’ reasons for not donating blood voluntary 35(52.3%) was due to fear of to be tested for medical illness like HIV, 25(37.3)% fear of needles prick and only 7(10.4%) fear of looking at blood to avoid fainting. The 63% (42) of participants said they think blood donation is necessary, 24% (16) did not think of its importance and 13% (9) said that it was not necessary. Keywords: Blood donation, voluntary, Kanungu district and students.
A Multi-Task Learning Method for Relative Geologic Time, Horizons, and Faults With Prior Information and Transformer

Horizon extraction and fault detection are essential in seismic interpretation and are closely related to each other. Most existing methods tend to deal with these two tasks independently, and may not work well in interpreting seismic images with complex geologic structures. We propose a multi-task learning (MTL) network with two branches to extract all horizons and detect faults simultaneously by estimating a relative geologic time (RGT) map as well as computing a fault map. These two branches share training datasets, feature maps, and network parameters during the training. The RGT estimation branch, constructed with a transformer architecture, is more lightweight compared with previous convolutional neural network (CNN) methods but provides a larger and structure-oriented receptive field to adaptively capture global structural information for estimating a globally optimal RGT map. The fault detection branch is a simple CNN, which merges feature maps shared by the transformer and the derivatives of the estimated RGT to compute a fault map. The fault detection branch provides boundary control for the RGT estimation branch, while the latter provides global constraints for the former to improve its robustness to noise. Note that our RGT estimation by globally fitting all structures in a seismic image is a volumetric horizon interpretation method with which we are able to obtain a whole volume of horizons, all at once, by simply extracting contours of the RGT map. In our method, we further enable convenient human interactions by integrating manually interpreted horizons (or horizon segments) into the network, which imposes expert knowledge on the network to estimate reasonable RGT results from seismic images with complex fault systems, unconformities, and poor data quality. Moreover, when using 3-D horizons as constraints, we are able to decompose the computational expensive 3-D RGT estimation from a seismic volume into independently parallel 2-D estimations slice by slice and combine them to obtain a laterally consistent 3-D result.
A generalization class of certain subclasses of $P$-valenty analytic functions with negative coefficients

Recently we [5] have discussed a new generalization class $A(n, \alpha,\beta)$ of certain subclasses of analytic functions with negative coeMcients in the unit disk and have proved some properties of functions belonging to the class $A(n, \alpha,\beta)$ . In the present paper we introduce a new generalization class $A _{p}(n,\alpha,\beta)$ of certain subclasses of p-valently analytic functions with negative coeﬃcients in the unit disk and discuss some properties of functions belonging to the class $A _{p}(n, \alpha,\beta)$ .
Resampling method to estimate intra-cluster correlation for clustered binary data

ABSTRACT Various methods have been proposed to estimate intra-cluster correlation coefficients (ICCs) for correlated binary data, and many are very sensitive to the type of design and underlying distributional assumptions. We proposed a new method to estimate ICC and its 95% confidence intervals based on resampling principles and U-statistics, where we resampled with replacement pairs of individuals from within and between clusters. We concluded from our simulation study that the resampling-based estimates approximate the population ICC more precisely than the analysis of variance and method of moments techniques for different event rates, varying number of clusters, and cluster sizes.
Semi-Markov multistate modeling of the land mobile propagation channel for geostationary satellites

This paper describes a new semi-Markov propagation channel model for land mobile satellite systems using geostationary satellites. The multistate model switches between propagation states representing line-of-sight, shadowing, or blockage of the signal. The duration of times spent in each state follow probability distributions recommended by the radiocommunication sector of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R). The actual parameters to be used with the ITU-R distributions were modified and fitted to observed data. The open-area state durations follow a power-law distribution, while the state durations for both the shadowed and the blocked states follow a lognormal distribution. Parameters for both two- and three-state models are extracted from an L-band measurement campaign performed by Inmarsat in the United Kingdom. Propagation channel models characterizing the fading within the open, shadowed, or blocked propagation states are described as well. The semi-Markov models represent an improvement over the more commonly used Markov models where the duration in each state follows an exponential distribution. The new model enables more accurate prediction and simulation of system performance and availability.
Targeting P21-Activated Kinase-1 for Metastatic Prostate Cancer

Simple Summary Metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) results in high mortality and there are no effective treatments. The molecular mechanisms mediating the transition of early-stage PCa cells into malignant, metastatic cells are not clearly understood. Whereas the TGFβ pathway has been demonstrated to induce the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of prostate cancer cells, it necessitates the activation of the Rac-p21-activated kinase (PAK) signaling in this process. Identifying the role of PAK in mPCa, and compounds targeting its activity may lead to novel therapeutic applications for preventing and treating mPCa. Abstract Metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) has limited therapeutic options and a high mortality rate. The p21-activated kinase (PAK) family of proteins is important in cell survival, proliferation, and motility in physiology, and pathologies such as infectious, inflammatory, vascular, and neurological diseases as well as cancers. Group-I PAKs (PAK1, PAK2, and PAK3) are involved in the regulation of actin dynamics and thus are integral for cell morphology, adhesion to the extracellular matrix, and cell motility. They also play prominent roles in cell survival and proliferation. These properties make group-I PAKs a potentially important target for cancer therapy. In contrast to normal prostate and prostatic epithelial cells, group-I PAKs are highly expressed in mPCA and PCa tissue. Importantly, the expression of group-I PAKs is proportional to the Gleason score of the patients. While several compounds have been identified that target group-I PAKs and these are active in cells and mice, and while some inhibitors have entered human trials, as of yet, none have been FDA-approved. Probable reasons for this lack of translation include issues related to selectivity, specificity, stability, and efficacy resulting in side effects and/or lack of efficacy. In the current review, we describe the pathophysiology and current treatment guidelines of PCa, present group-I PAKs as a potential druggable target to treat mPCa patients, and discuss the various ATP-competitive and allosteric inhibitors of PAKs. We also discuss the development and testing of a nanotechnology-based therapeutic formulation of group-I PAK inhibitors and its significant potential advantages as a novel, selective, stable, and efficacious mPCa therapeutic over other PCa therapeutics in the pipeline.
The Elastic Dielectric

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. The Elastic Dielectric Richard Toupin
Dynamics of the Cloud Cavitation and Cavitation Erosion

It is well known that a cloud cavitation is one of the most destructive forms of cavitation. The set of equations for the motion of a spherical bubble cloud is formulated. Behavior of bubble clouds are simulated numerically when the surrounding pressure is decreased from 50 kPa to a 10 kPa and then increased to 50 kPa. To study the collapse of cloud cavitation more strictly, the internal phenomena of bubble and the compressibility of liquid are considered in the governing equations. An inward propagating shock wave is formed during the collapse of bubble cloud and the shock wave is focused in the center region of the cloud. This makes a violent bubble collapse, which causes a high emitted pressure from the bubbles, which is several hundreds times larger than the single bubble collapse. Moreover, relationship between the cloud collapse and cavitation erosion is studied.
Attributable Fraction of Cancer Related to Occupational Exposure in Italy

Simple Summary We estimated the number of cancersdue to exposure to occupational carcinogens in Italy. To calculate the attributable fraction of cancer, we used as counterfactual scenario the absence of exposure, and considered prevalence of exposure from 15–20 years prior than cancer to account for the latency. Large-scale studies and meta-analyses were the source of data on relative risk and exposure prevalence. We found that UV radiation, diesel exhaust and wood dust and silica dust were the most prevalent occupational carcinogens. About 60% of cancer in Italy were attributable to asbestos, and mesothelioma had the largest attributable fraction to occupational exposure. Overall, 0.9% of cancer cases and 1.6% of cancer deaths were attributable to occupational carcinogens in Italy, indicating the importance of maintaining a high level of surveillance of carcinogens at the workplace. Abstract Background: Exposure to occupational carcinogens is an important and avoidable cause of cancer. We aimed to provide an evidence-based estimate of the burden of occupation-related cancers in Italy. Methods: The attributable fraction (AF) was calculated based on the counterfactual scenario of no occupational exposure to carcinogens. We included exposures classified as IARC group 1 and with reliable evidence of exposure in Italy. Relative risk estimates for selected cancers and prevalences of exposure were derived from large-scale studies. Except for mesothelioma, a 15–20-year latency period between exposure and cancer was considered. The data on cancer incidence in 2020 and mortality in 2017 in Italy were obtained from the Italian Association of Cancer Registries. Results: The most prevalent exposures were UV radiation (5.8%), diesel exhaust (4.3%), wood dust (2.3%) and silica dust (2.1%). Mesothelioma had the largest AF to occupational carcinogens (86.6%), followed by sinonasal cancer (11.8%) and lung cancer (3.8%). We estimated that 0.9% of cancer cases (N~3500) and 1.6% of cancer deaths (N~2800) were attributable to occupational carcinogens in Italy. Of these, about 60% were attributable to asbestos, 17.5% to diesel exhaust, followed by chromium and silica dust (7% and 5%). Conclusions: Our estimates provide up-to-date quantification of the low, but persistent, burden of occupational cancers in Italy.
Learning to Discover Graphical Model Structures

We consider structure discovery of undirected graphical models from observational data. Inferring likely structures from few examples is a complex task often requiring the formulation of priors and sophisticated inference procedures. In the setting of Gaussian Graphical Models (GGMs) a popular estimator is a penalized maximum likelihood objective on the precision matrix. Adapting this objective to capture domain-specific knowledge as priors or a new data likelihood requires great effort. In addition, structure recovery is a very indirect consequence of the data-fit term. By contrast, it may be easier to generate training samples of data that arise from graphs with the desired properties. We propose here to leverage this latter source of information in order to learn a function that maps from empirical covariance matrices to estimated graph structures. Learning this function brings two benefits: it implicitly models the desired structure or sparsity properties to form suitable priors, and it can more directly be tailored to the specific problem of edge structure discovery. We apply this framework to several critical real world problems in structure discovery and show that it can be competitive to standard approaches such as graphical lasso, at a fraction of the execution speed. We use convolutional neural networks to parametrize our estimators due to the compositional block structure of matrix inversion. Experimentally, our learnable graph-discovery method trained on synthetic data generalizes well to different data: identifying relevant edges in real data, completely unknown at training time. We find that on genetics, brain imaging, and simulation data we obtain competitive (and often superior) performance, compared with analytical methods.