Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Esterase Genes Involving Malathion Detoxification and Establishment of an RNA Interference Method in Liposcelis bostrychophila

Esterases (ESTs) play important roles in metabolizing various physiologically endogenous and exogenous compounds, and various environmental xenobiotics in insects. The psocid, Liposcelis bostrychophila is a major pest of stored products worldwide and rapidly develops resistance to commonly insecticides. However, the involvement of ESTs in insecticide metabolization and the application of RNAi approach in psocids have not been well elucidated. In this study, we characterized four LbEST genes and investigated the transcriptional levels of these genes at different developmental stages and under different insecticides exposures to assess their potential roles in response to insecticides. The four LbESTs contain a catalytic triad (Ser-His-Glu) linked to an oxyanion hole and acyl pocket involved in substrate stabilization during its hydrolysis. Synergism observed with the esterase-inhibitor DEF suggests the involvement of esterases in malathion detoxification. LbESTs were expressed during the whole of developmental stages, but predominant abundance in the first nymphal instar and adult stage. The mRNA level of three LbEST genes (except for LbEST4) was induced (1.29- to 5.60 fold) in response to malathion or deltamethrin exposures, indicating that these esterases are involved in the detoxification process. Silencing of LbEST1, LbEST2 or LbEST3 through dsRNA feeding led to a higher mortality of psocids upon the malathion treatment compared to controls (1.83 to 2.69-fold), demonstrating that these esterase genes play roles in malathion detoxification in L. bostrychophila. Our study provides new evidence for understanding of the function and regulation mechanism of esterases in L. bostrychophila in insecticide detoxification. The current study also suggests that the present RNAi method could be applied for gene functional studies in psocids.
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Protects Against Post-Cardiac Arrest Myocardial Dysfunction Through a Novel Mechanism of Suppressing Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Production

Post-cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction significantly contributes to early mortality after the return of spontaneous circulation. However, no effective therapy is available now. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) enzyme has been shown to protect the heart from aldehyde toxicity such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluated the effect of enhanced activity or expression of ALDH2 on post-cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction and survival in a rat cardiac arrest model. Furthermore, we elucidated the underlying mechanisms with a focus on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in a cell hypoxia/reoxygenation model. A total of 126 rats were used for the ALDH2 activation or cardiac overexpression of ALDH2 studies. Randomization was done 10 min before the respective agonist injection or in vivo gene delivery. We showed that enhanced activity or expression of ALDH2 significantly improved contractile function of the left ventricle and survival rate in rats subjected to cardiac arrest-cardiopulmonary resuscitation procedure. Moreover, ALDH2 prevented cardiac arrest-induced cardiomyocyte death from apoptosis and mitochondrial damage. Mechanistically, 4-HNE, a representative substrate of ALDH2, was dominantly increased in the hypoxia/reoxygenation-exposed cardiomyocytes. Direct addition of 4-HNE led to significantly augmented succinate accumulation and mitochondrial ROS production. Through metabolizing 4-HNE, ALDH2 significantly inhibited mitochondrial ROS production. Our findings provide compelling evidence of the cardioprotective effects of ALDH2 and therapeutic targeting this enzyme would provide an important approach for treating post-cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction.
Choice Between Salary and Employer Brand: The Roles of Materialism and Inclination to Develop an Identity-Motives-Based Relationship With an Employer Brand

Despite recent interest in individual differences in psychological meanings of consumer brands, the concept of psychological employer brand as a factor independent of particular brands has not been examined. Drawing on an instrumental-symbolic framework, person–organization fit literature, and theory and research on salary and materialism, and combining consumer brand approaches with motivated identity construction theory, we examine the role of materialism and identity-motives-based inclination for the self–employer brand relationship in the situation of a dilemma between two job offers: one proposed by a strong employer brand with an unattractive salary and one from a subjectively weak brand with an attractive salary. A homogenous sample of 101 university students in academic fields related to financial careers participated in a quasi-experimental study. We found that participants preferred the offer from the weak employer brand with an attractive salary compared to the strong employer brand with an unattractive salary; however, supporting our hypothesis, those who preferred this offer anticipated lower job satisfaction. Following expectations, materialism negatively and inclination for self–employer brand relationship positively predicted preferences and evaluations of the unattractive salary offer proposed by the strong employer brand. However, materialism negatively predicted anticipated job satisfaction regarding this offer, as well as positively predicting evaluation of the weak brand with attractive salary job offer. Despite all the detailed hypotheses not being supported, the findings confirm the role of materialism in job offer preference and introduce the inclination to develop an identity-motives-based relationship with an employer brand as an important factor in reactions toward different employer branding recruitment strategies. We discuss the results in light of previous theories and research on person–organization fit, materialism, and brand effects, and consider potential short- and long-term outcomes of recruitment strategies.
Molecular Targets for Combined Therapeutic Strategies to Limit Glioblastoma Cell Migration and Invasion

The highly invasive nature of glioblastoma imposes poor prospects for patient survival. Molecular evidence indicates glioblastoma cells undergo an intriguing expansion of phenotypic properties to include neuron-like signaling using excitable membrane ion channels and synaptic proteins, augmenting survival and motility. Neurotransmitter receptors, membrane signaling, excitatory receptors, and Ca2+ responses are important candidates for the design of customized treatments for cancers within the heterogeneous central nervous system. Relatively few published studies of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) have evaluated pharmacological agents targeted to signaling pathways in limiting cancer cell motility. Transcriptomic analyses here identified classes of ion channels, ionotropic receptors, and synaptic proteins that are enriched in human glioblastoma biopsy samples. The pattern of GBM-enriched gene expression points to a major role for glutamate signaling. However, the predominant role of AMPA receptors in fast excitatory signaling throughout the central nervous system raises a challenge on how to target inhibitors selectively to cancer cells while maintaining tolerability. This review critically evaluates a panel of ligand- and voltage-gated ion channels and synaptic proteins upregulated in GBM, and the evidence for their potential roles in the pathological disease progress. Evidence suggests combinations of therapies could be more effective than single agents alone. Natural plant products used in traditional medicines for the treatment of glioblastoma contain flavonoids, terpenoids, polyphenols, epigallocatechin gallate, quinones, and saponins, which might serendipitously include agents that modulate some classes of signaling compounds highlighted in this review. New therapeutic strategies are likely to exploit evidence-based combinations of selected agents, each at a low dose, to create new cancer cell-specific therapeutics.
Effects of Prior Aerobic Exercise on Vascular Dysfunction Induced by Prolonged Sitting in Healthy Men

EFFECTS OF PRIOR AEROBIC EXERCISE ON VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION INDUCED BY PROLONGED SITTING IN HEALTHY MEN by Robert Moir Duguid Prolonged sitting has been shown to impair vascular endothelial function (VEF) in healthy men. Conversely, acute aerobic exercise improves VEF. PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to examine whether acute aerobic exercise would prevent impairments in VEF during sitting. METHODS: Eleven healthy men [21.2 ± 0.6 y (mean ± SE)] participated in two randomized 3hour sitting trials preceded by a single bout of treadmill exercise (45 min at 65% maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)) (EX) or 45 min of rest (REST). Superficial femoral artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was assessed after an overnight fast (Pre), 1-hour following EX (or REST) (Post), and at 1-hour intervals during a 3-hour uninterrupted sitting challenge. Twoway repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to evaluate differences within and between groups. RESULTS: In the REST trial, femoral artery FMD declined from Pre (2.6 ± 0.5%) at 1, 2, and 3 hours of sitting (P<0.05) and resting shear rate decreased at 3 hours (P<0.05). Femoral artery FMD (2.7 ± 0.6%) and resting shear rate responses were unaffected (P≥0.09) when sitting was preceded by EX. CONCLUSION: A single bout of aerobic exercise prevents the decline in FMD induced by 3-hours of uninterrupted sitting in healthy men. EFFECTS OF PRIOR AEROBIC EXERCISE ON VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION INDUCED BY PROLONGED SITTING IN HEALTHY MEN A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the Miami University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
Angiosarcoma Arising in Hemangioma/Vascular Malformation

Malignant change in a benign vascular tumor is exceedingly rare, and there have been only five previously reported convincing cases. Four new cases of angiosarcoma (AS) arising in a hemangioma/vascular malformation (HVM) are described. All patients were in the 6th or 7th decade of life (two female, two male). Development of an enlarging deep-seated mass was the main presenting symptom. MRI disclosed the presence of two separate soft tissue masses in both thighs in one patient. No patient had a history of prior radiotherapy at the same site. Preoperative duration, known in three cases, ranged from 1 to 24 months (median 12 months). Three tumors were located in the lower extremities (thigh and buttock), one in the retroperitoneum, and one in the parotid region. Three patients were treated by marginal excision; in one case only a biopsy was performed. Radiotherapy/chemotherapy was given in all cases. Two patients were disease free 2 and 14 months after surgery and two developed metastases. Grossly, the tumors were described as frankly hemorrhagic masses or as firm, whitish areas with hemorrhagic nodules and were centered in skeletal muscle in three cases. Size ranged between 2.2 cm and 8 cm (median 4.3 cm). Histologically, all the tumors had two distinct components. In three cases the benign and the malignant components were variably intermixed, whereas in one case the HVM was mainly located at the edge of the malignant tumor. The benign component showed features of an arteriovenous hemangioma (three cases) or intramuscular capillary hemangioma. AS showed epithelioid morphology in three cases and a welldifferentiated dissecting pattern in one case. An imperceptible transition between the two components was noted in two cases. The two anatomically separate masses excised from one patient appeared almost identical. All cases were positive for at least two endothelial markers (CD31, CD34, VWF) and negative for the epithelial markers (EMA, AE1/AE3, Pan-keratin). Possible mechanisms for this exceptional phenomenon are discussed.
Mechanical circulatory support for refractory cardiogenic shock in Takotsubo syndrome: a case report and review of the literature

Abstract Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) complicated by refractory cardiogenic shock is a challenging clinical problem, as treatment with inotropic agents and/or vasopressors is contraindicated. We illustrate this by a patient presenting with chest pain and shortness of breath caused by TTS complicated by cardiogenic shock requiring mechanical circulatory support (MCS). The patient received central extracorporeal life support with a cannula in the left atrium (pre-load reduction of left ventricle) and the return cannula in the ascending aorta (neutral on afterload). Treatment with MCS was complicated by a cardiac tamponade. Left ventricular function recovered after 24 h, and the patient was doing well at the outpatient clinic 7 weeks after discharge. In addition, we reviewed the literature (PubMed search) reporting on MCS in patients with TTS. Including our patient, 17 cases of TTS induced cardiogenic shock receiving MCS have been reported. Age of the patients ranged from 16 years to 74 years, and 71% of the patients were female. Extracorporeal life support was the most used type of MCS (82% of the cases). Two patients died, and complications of MCS were rare (one case of leg ischaemia). Theoretically, MCS devices that reduce pre-load and are neutral on afterload are preferable. However, no specific type of MCS can be recommended as randomized trials are lacking. In conclusion, our case and the available literature suggests that MCS in TTS induced refractory cardiogenic shock is an immediate and feasible lifesaving treatment.
Spectrum of Adult Digestive Diseases Presenting at a Suburban Tertiary Health Facility in Nigeria

Background: Diseases of the digestive system vary in type and distribution worldwide. There is presently no comprehensive audit of the types of digestive diseases presenting at any particular tertiary health facility in Nigeria. We present an audit of the digestive diseases presenting over a period of four years (2012 to 2015) at the LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria, a suburban healthcare facility. Methodology: Outpatient and inpatient digestive disease cases and relevant information were extracted from the medical and surgical gastroenterology clinics’ and wards’ registers. Patients’ case files were retrieved from the medical records department and consulted for clarification when necessary. Diagnoses were categorized according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision, 2016 version (ICD-10) codes for digestive diseases. Data were stratified into outpatient cases, inpatient (admissions) cases, in-hospital mortalities and digestive cancers. Results: There was a total of 799 gastrointestinal clinic cases. Chronic hepatitis B was the commonest cause of clinic visit (28.8%). Appendicitis was the most frequent cause of admission (16.0%) of the 682 gastrointestinal admissions. There was a total of 86 in-hospital digestive disease mortalities of which hepatocellular carcinoma was the leading cause at 22.1%. Of the 188 cases of digestive cancers identified; hepatocellular carcinoma had the highest frequency (43.4%) and the highest mortality (59.4%). Conclusion: A very important finding from this study is fact that chronic hepatitis B and its attendant sequelae (liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma) constituted a substantial proportion of the digestive diseases among our study population.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging-guided Stereotactic Biopsy: A Review of 83 Cases with Outcomes

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the radiological and histopathological distribution of the cerebral lesions diagnosed with stereotactic biopsy (STB) procedure and its outcomes. Materials and Methods: In the current study, a retrospective analysis of 83 patients that underwent the STB in our clinic from January 2011 to December 2015 was made. T1-weighted contrast-enhanced cranial magnetic resonance imaging examinations were performed on patients on whom Leksell stereotactic frame system was installed. The histopathological and the radiological data derived from the STB procedure were classified. Results: In terms of localization, glial tumor (56.6%) was the most common lesion in all regions, except for the multifocal lesions. Contrary to the common knowledge, lymphoma (14.4%) was found to be the most common lesion among multifocal lesions. The success of obtaining positive STB samples in the current series was 95.2% and the complication rate was 3.6%. Conclusion: Had a routine computed tomography scan been performed on each patient in this series, the number of clinically insignificant small intracerebral hematomas would have probably been higher. Nevertheless, the rate of the STB sampling accuracy and the complication rate were similar to those reported in the relevant literature.
The relation between sphingomyelinase activity, lipid peroxide oxidation and NO-releasing in mice liver and brain

We used animal models to study connection between oxidating system and sphingomyelin signaling cascade, because this models are more close related to people disease. Activation of n-sphingomyelinase (n-SMase) in mice liver and brain is coincided in time with increased level of peroxide products (conjugated dienes) after injection of tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a). We found that ceramide can induce peroxide oxidation and lead to accumulation of TNF-a in animal organs. Nitric oxide (NO) donors (S-nitrosoglutathione and dinitrosyl iron complex) reversibly inhibited activity of n-SMase and decreased level of lipid peroxidation products. This data proposed that both SMase and messengers of oxidative systems could be targets for NO-derived oxidants. 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies.
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and it’s associated Factors among Farmers and Workers: a cross-sectional study from Agh Ghala, Golestan, Iran

1. Department of Health Education, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan, Iran. 2. Health Education and Health Promotion, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3. Health Education and Health Promotion, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. 4. Health Education and Health Promotion, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Toxicity of Furdan (Carbofuran) in Nubian Goats

Oral toxicity of Furdan (Carbofuran) were examined in fiftteen healthy Nubian goat kids 5-6 months old and weighing 10-12 kg.They were divided randomly into 5 groups each of 3. Furdan was dosed at the rate of 10, 5, 2.5 and 1.25 mg/kg body weight/day to groups 1, 2,3 and 4 respectively. Group 5 was control. The most observable clinical signs were excessive salivation, lacrimation, mydriasis, dyspnoea, abduction of forelimbs, convulsive seizures, tremors, paresis of the hindlimbs, imbalance, recumbency and death. Postmortem lesions were varying degrees of haemorrhages and congestion in the brain, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys and small intestines. Histopathological findings were satolytosis in cerebral tissue, pulmonary emphysema and edema, centrilobular hepatocytic degeneration, cortical renal tubular epithelial cells degeneration and glomerular shrinkage and gastrointestinal erosions. The values of Hb, RBC count; MCH and MCHC were decreased while the value of MCV was increased significantly. No significant changes were observed for the values of PCVandWBC and in serum concentrations of Na, K, Mg, Ca, P, Cu, Fe, total proteins, albumin, globulinsl, total bilirubin and urea and for serum activities of ALT and ALP. Significant increases in serum AST activity and decreases in serum concentrations of glucose and iron.
Effect of Essential Oils Treatments on Quality Characteristics of Anna Apple (Malus domestica Borkh) Fruits during Cold Storage

Anna apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) is a low chilling cultivar spreading in many tropical and subtropical areas. During storage, apples are exposed to different levels of microbial decay, by a pathogenic fungus. Natural plant products as essential oils, among the numerous alternatives, are catching the attention of researchers worldwide, due to their biodegradability. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the effect of spraying the essential oils from celery, basil and rosemary on Anna apple fruits essential quality characteristics during cold storage. The fruits were sprayed with celery, basil and rosemary essential oils of (1, 2.5 and 5% each). The sprayed fruits were stored for 120 days at 1°C. In this experiment, some characteristics such as weight loss Percentages, decayed fruits Percentages, fruit firmness, in addition to total soluble pectin, total phenols and antioxidant activity were determined. Antifungal activities of the three essential oils against the grey and blue mould were measured. Chemical compositions of the essential oils were identified by GC-MS. The results indicated that the studied physical and chemical properties of the fruits were affected positively by sprayed with all essential oil treatments in comparison with the untreated fruits (control). Concerning to antifungal activities of the three essential oils against the grey and blue mould, basil oil at 5% had the highest activity against Botrytis cinerea and rosemary oil at 5% was more effective against Penicillium expansum.
A systematic review of trainee involvement in thyroid surgery and the impact on patient outcomes

There has been a reduction in working hours for surgical trainees globally and this has led to a concern that competencies will not be achieved. There is evidence that suggests that trainee involvement in thyroid surgery can have both negative and positive effects on clinical outcomes. We aim to review the literature concerning trainee involvement in thyroid surgery and their impact on clinical outcomes. A search of online databases was performed to identify all studies comparing trainee to consultant involvement in thyroid surgery and assess the impact on clinical outcomes. The main outcomes of interest were hypocalcaemia rates, injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, operation time and bleeding rates. The results were screened according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of the included studies was assessed and reported according to the Methodological Index for Non-Randomised Studies (MINORS) criteria. Ten studies were included in this review of 23,000 patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Four studies assessed all 4 outcomes as stated in our methods. Seven studies assessed hypocalcaemic and nerve injury rates and found no significant difference in hypocalcaemic and nerve injury rates (P>0.05). Six studies assessed re-bleeding rates and found no significant differences between trainees and consultants (P>0.05). Seven studies assessed operating times and 5 of these studies found trainee involvement was significantly associated with longer operating times (P>0.05). Supervised trainee involvement in thyroid surgery does not have a significant impact of hypocalcaemic, nerve injury and re-bleeding rates but does increase operating time. Given the positive impact on clinical outcomes, thyroid surgery can be safely performed by surgical trainees under supervision.