Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fusarium Mycotoxins Zearalenone and Deoxynivalenol Reduce Hepatocyte Innate Immune Response after the Listeria monocytogenes Infection by Inhibiting the TLR2/NFκB Signaling Pathway

Zearalenone (ZEA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are two common mycotoxins produced by the genus Fusarium and have potential immunotoxic effects that may lead to a weak immune response against bacterial infections. Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), a food-borne pathogenic microorganism ubiquitous in the environment, actively multiplies in the liver, where hepatocytes are capable of resistance through mediated innate immune responses. At present, it is not clear if ZEA and DON affect hepatocyte immune responses to L. monocytogenes infection or the mechanisms involved. Therefore, in this study, in vivo and in vitro models were used to investigate the effects of ZEA and DON on the innate immune responses of hepatocytes and related molecules after L. monocytogenes infection. In vivo studies revealed that ZEA and DON inhibited the toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) pathway in the liver tissue of L. monocytogenes-infected mice, downregulating the expression levels of Nitric oxide (NO), in the liver and repressing the immune response. In addition, ZEA and DON inhibited Lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-induced expression of TLR2 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in Buffalo Rat Liver (BRL 3A) cells in vitro, downregulating the TLR2/NFκB signaling pathway and resulting in the decreased expression levels of NO, causing immunosuppressive effects. In summary, ZEA and DON can negatively regulate NO levels through TLR2/NFκB, inhibiting the innate immune responses of the liver, and aggravate L. monocytogenes infections in mouse livers.
Low-Level Temperature Inversions in Fairbanks, Central Alaska

Abstract Low-level inversions up to 200 m were investigated on a statistical basis for Fairbanks, Alaska, using hourly data for the year March 1967 to February 1968. Surface inversions were found to be present for more than 50% of the time. In winter (November to February) there is an inversion for more than 95% of the time; maximum values of the inversion strength were 20°C in 200 m altitude difference. In summer (June to August) inversions occur relatively seldom. For the rest of the year, inversions are normally established at night, but are destroyed by day. The strength of the inversion was analyzed and shown graphically as a function of different independent meteorological parameters for the four seasons and annually. Although there are some differences depending on the season, the strength of the inversions was observed to increase with a) negative net radiation, b) decreasing cloudiness, and c) decreasing windspeed. Furthermore, during the winter a northerly wind direction, probably of orographic .
The Knowledge Level of Pregnant Mothers About Preeclamsia at The Clinic in Tondano Minahasa Regency

Preeclampsia is a health problem that is often found in pregnant mothers. Indonesia has 76.000 women and 500.000 infant deaths caused by preeclampsia every year. Based on an interview with a nurse clinic in Tondano Minahasa Regency, 25 of 50 women during pregnancy have preeclampsia. This study aimed to find the knowledge level of pregnant mothers about preeclampsia at a Clinic in Tondano Minahasa Regency. This study used a descriptive quantitative method with a univariate data analysis technique. The sample of this study is 50 pregnant women willing to be respondents and registered at Clinic in Tondano Minahasa Regency with accidental sampling as the sampling method. The instrument of this study uses a questionnaire about the knowledge level of pregnant mothers about preeclampsia. The result of this research shows that 35 (70%) pregnant mothers had good knowledge, 11 (22%) pregnant mothers had a moderate amount of knowledge, and 4 (8%) pregnant mothers had insufficient knowledge about preeclampsia. Institutions can use the results of this study to increase pregnant mothers' knowledge about preeclampsia through education, and it can also be used as overview knowledge about preeclampsia for the public. Future research can use this study as a reference for prospective studies about the incidence of preeclampsia with different variables.
A concept of cobordism between links

and in ? 2, a slight modification of the suggested definition is introduced. In ? 3 and 4, we prove that this is suitable in the sense described above. In ? 5, it is shown that the total linking number of a link type is an invariant under this link cobordism, and that the link cobordism group splits into the direct sum of the knot cobordism group and an infinite cyclic group. In ? 6, we investigate the relation between slice link in the weak sense, slice link, slice link in the strong sense, and link which is cobordic to zero. Throughout this paper we suppose that all knots and links are oriented and tame. Oriented knot and link types will be denoted by Greek letters; representative oriented knots and links, by the corresponding roman letters. The author is indebted very much to R. H. Fox for his kind and helpful suggestions. 1. It is well known that the oriented knot types form a commutative semi-group under the operation of composition #. The zero of this semi-group
Payoff-Based Dynamics for Multiplayer Weakly Acyclic Games

We consider repeated multiplayer games in which players repeatedly and simultaneously choose strategies from a finite set of available strategies according to some strategy adjustment process. We focus on the specific class of weakly acyclic games, which is particularly relevant for multiagent cooperative control problems. A strategy adjustment process determines how players select their strategies at any stage as a function of the information gathered over previous stages. Of particular interest are “payoff-based” processes in which, at any stage, players know only their own actions and (noise corrupted) payoffs from previous stages. In particular, players do not know the actions taken by other players and do not know the structural form of payoff functions. We introduce three different payoff-based processes for increasingly general scenarios and prove that, after a sufficiently large number of stages, player actions constitute a Nash equilibrium at any stage with arbitrarily high probability. We also show how to modify player utility functions through tolls and incentives in so-called congestion games, a special class of weakly acyclic games, to guarantee that a centralized objective can be realized as a Nash equilibrium. We illustrate the methods with a simulation of distributed routing over a network.
Comparing the Effects of Diesel Oil Pollution on Forest and Industrial Soil Microbial Community

Introduction: Diesel oil is the most used petroleum product in Iran and other countries. The majority of diesel oil is stored in underground reservoirs and Fuel stations. This product can heavily pollute the adjacent soil. Diesel oil pollution has some ecological effects on soil that disturb the composition and diversity of the microbial community. The present research aimed to investigate the effects of diesel oil pollution on two different types of soil. Materials and Methods: To examine the effects of diesel oil on microbial communities, two different types of soil (industrial and forest types) were collected from Kerman province, Iran. Six microcosms were designed based on three microcosms existing in each type of soil, including unpolluted microcosm, polluted microcosm, and polluted microcosm with nutrients (Nitrogen and Phosphor). Some factors were assayed in each microcosm during 120 days of the experiment. These factors included total heterotrophic bacteria, total diesel oil-degrading bacteria, dehydrogenase enzyme, and diesel oil biodegradation. Results: The quantity of diesel oil-degrading bacteria was significantly lower than heterotrophic bacteria in all soil microcosms. The quantity of diesel oil-degrading bacteria had a decrement pattern until day 60 of the experiment, but after that, these bacteria had an increment pattern. The best dehydrogenase activity between different microcosms was related to polluting microcosms with diesel oil except for farmland soil. The highest biodegradation of diesel oil in all studied soil types belonged to the industrial microcosm (95%). Statistical analysis of the results indicated a significant correlation between the most probable number quantity of heterotrophic bacteria and other assayed factors. Forest soil was significantly different from other soil types. Conclusion: Given the obtained results of the current research, that forest soil is more sensitive to diesel oil pollution, compared to industrial soil. It is, therefore, possible to propose appropriate strategies for the bioremediation of different studied soil types.
IoMT Meets Machine Learning: From Edge to Cloud Chronic Diseases Diagnosis System

In conventional healthcare, real-time monitoring of patient records and information mining for timely diagnosis of chronic diseases under certain health conditions is a crucial process. Chronic diseases, if not diagnosed in time, may result in patients' death. In modern medical and healthcare systems, Internet of Things (IoT) driven ecosystems use autonomous sensors to sense and track patients' medical conditions and suggest appropriate actions. In this paper, a novel IoT and machine learning (ML)-based hybrid approach is proposed that considers multiple perspectives for early detection and monitoring of 6 different chronic diseases such as COVID-19, pneumonia, diabetes, heart disease, brain tumor, and Alzheimer's. The results from multiple ML models are compared for accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and area under the curve (AUC) as a performance measure. The proposed approach is validated in the cloud-based environment using benchmark and real-world datasets. The statistical analyses on the datasets using ANOVA tests show that the accuracy results of different classifiers are significantly different. This will help the healthcare sector and doctors in the early diagnosis of chronic diseases.
Simulating Climate Change Impacts and Adaptive Measures for Rice Cultivation in Hunan Province, China

AbstractClimate change will inevitably continue for the next few decades and will have an impact on climate-sensitive agricultural production, emphasizing the need to design effective adaptive strategies to cope with climate risk or take advantage of potential climatic benefits. In this study, the latest version of the Crop Environment Resource Synthesis-Rice (CERES-Rice) model was applied to assess the impacts of climate change and carbon dioxide (CO2) fertilization on rice yield, as well as the effectiveness of two popularly adopted adaptive measures in Hunan Province, the main rice-production location in China. The simulation spanned 30 years of baseline (1981–2010) as well as three future periods (2011–40, 2041–70, and 2071–99) with climate data generated by five general circulation models under the newly developed representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. The simulation results showed that, in comparison with average rice yield during the baseline (1981–2010), the ensemble-ave.
On the Use of Graphene Nanosheets for Drug Delivery: A Case Study of Cisplatin and Some of Its Analogs

Graphene (GN) nanosheets have been widely exploited in biomedical applications as potential nanocarriers for various drugs due to their distinct physical and chemical properties. In this regard, the adsorption behavior of cisplatin (cisPtCl2) and some of its analogs on a GN nanosheet was investigated in perpendicular and parallel configurations by using density functional theory (DFT). According to the findings, the most significant negative adsorption energies (Eads) within the cisPtX2⋯GN complexes (where X = Cl, Br, and I) were observed for the parallel configuration, with values up to –25.67 kcal/mol at the H@GN site. Within the perpendicular configuration of the cisPtX2⋯GN complexes, three orientations were investigated for the adsorption process, namely, X/X, X/NH3, and NH3/NH3. The negative Eads values of the cisPtX2⋯GN complexes increased with the increasing atomic weight of the halogen atom. The Br@GN site showed the largest negative Eads values for the cisPtX2⋯GN complexes in the perpendicular configuration. The Bader charge transfer outcomes highlighted the electron-accepting properties of cisPtI2 within the cisPtI2⋯GN complexes in both configurations. The electron-donating character of the GN nanosheet increased as the electronegativity of the halogen atom increased. The band structure and density of state plots revealed the occurrence of the physical adsorption of the cisPtX2 on the GN nanosheet, which was indicated by the appearance of new bands and peaks. Based on the solvent effect outlines, the negative Eads values generally decreased after the adsorption process in a water medium. The recovery time results were in line with the Eads findings, where the cisPtI2 in the parallel configuration took the longest time to be desorbed from the GN nanosheet with values of 61.6 × 108 ms at 298.15 K. The findings of this study provide better insights into the utilization of GN nanosheets in drug delivery applications.
Exploring the Multilingual Mastery of Chinese Native Speakers from the Perspective of Language Transfer Theory Take English and German as examples

Considering that the majority of Chinese language learners today have a certain level of proficiency in English, it is significant to conduct the research to explore the multilingual mastery of Chinese native speakers in the context of English as a second language. This paper explores the effect of native-based language competence on multilingual learners of Chinese by means of a summative scale questionnaire. This paper also explores the concrete language transfer of English as a source language through interviews and a specific analysis of compositions offered by six Chinese-English-German trilingual learners. The final conclusion is that when a native Chinese speaker learns a third language, the source language for language transfer will not be limited to Chinese. English as L2 has an impact on the learning and the use of vocabulary and grammar in L3, as well as on L3 writing, which both facilitates and hinders the learning and the use of L3. The influence of L2 on L3 is the most obvious at the intermediate level of L3 and learners with an advanced level of L3 are rarely affected by English. When L3 is an Indo-European language, it is more likely to be influenced by L2 English than by L1 Chinese.
The Learning Curve for Laparoscopic Totally Extraperitoneal Herniorrhaphy by Logarithmic Function: Consecutive 291 cases Performed by a Single Surgeon

Purpose: The Totally extraperitoneal (TEP) herniorrhaphy is not an easy technique for beginner surgeons because of the complexity of inguinal anatomy and narrow space of the operation field. The aim of this study is to estimate learning curve of laparoscopic TEP herniorrhaphy using logarithmic function model and the exponential function model. Revealing the number of cases needs to overcoming the early learning curve and minimizing the recurrence rate. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the first 291 patient who underwent laparoscopic TEP herniorrhaphy by a single surgeon consecutively. A logarithmic function and an exponential function were derived from operating time data. The population was divided into three consecutive groups. Each groups assigned the starting point, the slope of the curve, and the plateau of the curve. We calculated how many operation numbers are needed to achieve reduction expected operating time to mean operating time. Results: 291 patients underwent laparoscopic hernia repair. The mean operation time was 70.3 minutes for unilateral hernias. According to two learning curve models, the operation time was decreased less than mean operation time after the initial 88 cases was performed. As the operation time decreased, the recurrence rate decreased. Conclusion: According to the two learning curve models, 88 cases are required to overcome the learning curve, minimize revision surgery, and achieve a qualified surgery. Further studies on learning curves and training methods are needed to enable a scientific approach to surgical education and quality improvement in surgical education for surgeons and medical services for patients.
Bactericidal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles on Oral Biofilms Related to Patients with and without Periodontal Disease

Background and Objectives: Periodontal disease (PD) is a multifactorial oral disease regularly caused by bacterial biofilms. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have offered good antimicrobial activity; moreover, there is no available scientific information related to their antimicrobial effects in biofilms from patients with PD. This study reports the bactericidal activity of AgNP against oral biofilms related to PD. Materials and Methods: AgNP of two average particle sizes were prepared and characterized. Sixty biofilms were collected from patients with (30 subjects) and without PD (30 subjects). Minimal inhibitory concentrations of AgNP were calculated and the distribution of bacterial species was defined by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Well-dispersed sizes of AgNP were obtained (5.4 ± 1.3 and 17.5 ± 3.4 nm) with an adequate electrical stability (−38.2 ± 5.8 and −32.6 ± 5.4 mV, respectively). AgNP showed antimicrobial activities for all oral samples; however, the smaller AgNP had significantly the most increased bactericidal effects (71.7 ± 39.1 µg/mL). The most resistant bacteria were found in biofilms from PD subjects (p < 0.05). P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia were present in all PD biofilms (100%). Conclusions: The AgNP showed efficient bactericidal properties as an alternative therapy for the control or progression of PD.
The Effect of Increased Horizontal Resolution on the NCEP Global Ensemble Mean Forecasts

Abstract The primary goal of this paper is to explore why the use of increased horizontal resolution enhances the performance of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) global ensemble mean forecasts. Numerical experiments were carried out with a 10-member (five-pair) 0000 UTC subset of the NCEP global ensemble forecasts for a 30-day period during January–February 1999. Four sets of ensembles and corresponding control forecasts were generated. One ensemble was identical to the then-operational T62 horizontal resolution NCEP ensemble, while in the other three ensembles the horizontal resolution was increased to T126 out to day-1, day-3, and day-15 forecast lead times. Anomaly correlation and root-mean-square error, also decomposed into bias and variance terms, were used to evaluate the control and ensemble mean forecasts. As expected, the use of a higher-resolution model improves both scores. A newly developed condition for optimal smoothing indicates that the root-mean-square error for th.
THE LEVEL OF ZINC IN BLOOD PLASMA AND THE COURSE OF GALLSTONE DISEASE IN CHILDREN

Determining the zinc level in children's blood plasma is an urgent problem, given its possible participation in the formation of cholelithiasis.Aim. To investigate the level of zinc in the blood plasma and the clinical course of gallstone disease (GSD) in children.Methods. 69 children aged 10-17 years and 25 children without biliary tract pathology were selected by the method of simple randomization. Verification of the diagnosis was carried out by applying dynamic ultrasound examination and X-ray examination of the organs of the abdominal cavity. Quantitative determination of zinc in blood plasma was carried out using mass spectrometry.Results. Dysfunction of the biliary tract according to the hyperkinetic type occurred in 55.1±7.1% of children and according to the hypokinetic type in 44.9±3.9%. The asymptomatic variant of housing and communal services was observed in 23.9%, painful - in 54.3% of patients, paroxysmal - in 21.7% of patients. The plasma concentration of zinc in children with gastrointestinal diseases was 1.87 times lower than in children of the comparison group and 1.37 times lower than in children with hyperkinetic gallbladder dysfunction, while there was a probable difference between these indicators in children with housing and communal services and in children with the hypotonic type of gallbladder dysfunction (p<0.05). Conclusions. 1. The leading syndromes of gallstone disease in children were pain and dyspepsia. 2. Gallstone disease in children occurs against the background of gallbladder dysfunction with a predominance of the painful course, the formation of solitary bilirubin-derived concretions and minor changes in biochemical blood analysis. 3. The concentration of zinc in the blood plasma of children with gallstone disease is probably lower than in children of the comparison group and does not depend on age and gender.
Remote Global Learning: The Role and Use of Virtual Exchange for U.S. and Irish Graduate Students

The importance of internationalization and effective online collaborative learning is well established, and the recognized value of cross-cultural exchanges by higher education institutions has resulted in a diverse range of initiatives including the use of virtual exchanges. Virtual exchanges are global online learning experiences for students enrolled in postsecondary coursework. The purpose of this study was to examine a virtual exchange learning opportunity for U.S. and Irish graduate education students. Utilizing an online collaborative learning theoretical lens, this case study found that while there were varying levels of commitment and unequal expectations and contributions of the graduate students, students described the importance and significance of the unique learning experience. Implications for research and practice are discussed for future use of virtual exchange within the postsecondary environment.
A Case Study of Atmospheric Blocking Using Isentropic Analysis

Abstract A particular episode of blocking that occurred in the North Atlantic during December 1978 is analyzed from NMC gridpoint data using isentropic analysis. The advantages of this analysis technique are outlined, specifically with regard to isentropic potential vorticity. Analysis of the Montgomery streamfunction on the 315 K isentropic surface is preferable to the more traditional analysis of geopotential height on the 300 mb surface for describing the evolution of the block. The sea level pressure pattern shows several intense cyclonic storms upstream of the block prior to its development. During its mature stage, the block exhibits little tilt with height, has a warm core throughout most of the troposphere and a high tropopause. The block also significantly affected the passage of fronts through the blocking region. The potential vorticity analysis is shown to be a useful framework for understanding several characteristics of the block. The blocking region is characterized by a broad, uniform area.
Evaluation of the site amplification factor with considerations of soil nonlinearity

A slope failure occurred at an embankment in a residential area in Fukushima City during the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake. In this study, to estimate strong ground motions at the site with high accuracy, aftershock observation was conducted at the site. At the same time, two improvements were made for the site-effect substitution method. One of them is the consideration of the effect of soil nonlinearity on the site amplification factor during the main shock. The other is the consideration of the contributions from two subevents for the main shock ground motion. The estimated seismic waveforms at strong motion stations with the improved version of the site-effect substitution method are very consistent with the observed ones, indicating the validity of the method. Finally, the improved method was used to estimate strong ground motions at the damaged site.