Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topological Hall Effect in Single Thick SrRuO3 Layers Induced by Defect Engineering

The topological Hall effect (THE) has been discovered in ultrathin SrRuO3 (SRO) films, where the interface between the SRO layer and another oxide layer breaks the inversion symmetry resulting in the appearance of THE. Thus, THE only occurs in ultrathin SRO films of several unit cells. In addition to employing a heterostructure, the inversion symmetry can be broken intrinsically in bulk SRO by introducing defects. In this study, THE is observed in 60‐nm‐thick SRO films, in which defects and lattice distortions are introduced by helium ion irradiation. The irradiated SRO films exhibit a pronounced THE in a wide temperature range from 5 to 80 K. These observations can be attributed to the emergence of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction as a result of artificial inversion symmetry breaking associated with the lattice defect engineering. The creation and control of the THE in oxide single layers can be realized by ex situ film processing. Therefore, this work provides new insights into the THE and illustrates a promising strategy to design novel spintronic devices.
Dependence of the impurity transport on the dominant turbulent regime in ELM-y H-mode discharges on the DIII-D tokamak

Laser blow-off injections of aluminum and tungsten have been performed on the DIII-D tokamak to investigate the variation of impurity transport in a set of dedicated ion and electron heating scans with a fixed value of the external torque. The particle transport is quantified via the Bayesian inference method, which, constrained by a combination of a charge exchange recombination spectroscopy, soft X-ray measurements, and VUV spectroscopy provides a detailed uncertainty quantification of the transport coefficients. Contrasting discharge phases with a dominant electron and ion heating reveal a factor of 30 increase in midradius impurity diffusion and a 3-fold drop in the impurity confinement time when additional electron heating is applied. Further, the calculated stationary aluminum density profiles reverse from peaked in electron heated to hollow in the ion heated case, following a similar trend as electron and carbon density profiles. Comparable values of a core diffusion have been observed for W and Al ions, while differences in the propagation dynamics of these impurities are attributed to pedestal and edge transport. Modeling of the core transport with non-linear gyrokinetics code CGYRO [J. Candy and E. Belly J. Comput. Phys. 324,73 (2016)], significantly underpredicts the magnitude of the variation in Al transport. The experiment demonstrates a 3-times steeper increase of impurity diffusion with additional electron heat flux and 10-times lower diffusion in ion heated case than predicted by the modeling. However, the CGYRO model correctly predicts that the Al diffusion dramatically increases below the linear threshold for the transition from the ion temperature gradient (ITG) to trapped electron mode (TEM).
Estimating the Demand Factors and Willingness to Pay for Agricultural Insurance

This article investigates the effect of prices and socio-demographic variables on the farmers decision to purchase agricultural insurance. A survey has been conducted to 200 farmers most of whom are engaged in diversified income-generating activities. The logistic estimation results suggest that education and household income from farming activities positively affect the likelihood of purchasing insurance. The demand for insurance is negatively correlated with the premium paid per insured value, suggesting that insurance is a normal good. Farmers are willing to pay (WTP) increasingly higher premiums for contracts with a higher coverage ratio. According to the valuation model, the WTP declines sharply for coverage ratios under 70%.
Juvenile ossifying fibroma: case report and literature review. Management and differential diagnosis

Introduction: Juvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF) is a rare neoplasm characterized by the replacement of the normal bone matrix with osteo-fibrous tissue. It has the tendency to be locally aggressive despite its benign character and to have a strong tendency for recurrence. Observation: In this case report, the patient is a young man, aged 16, with rapidly advancing maxillary swelling. We describe the diagnostic procedure, the surgical procedure and the differential diagnosis to be eliminated. Discussion: The clinical presentation of JOF, and its rapid growth, can cause fear of other pathologies such as osteosarcoma. The radiological characteristics should reassure the practitioner and a histological examination confirmed the diagnosis. Conclusion: JOF is a benign tumor. It should be operated on at an early stage because of its rapid growth. In its clinical and histological presentation, its trabecular form may mimic an osteosarcoma.
Local Adaptation Improves Accuracy of Deep Learning Model for Automated X-Ray Thoracic Disease Detection : A Thai Study

Despite much promising research in the area of artificial intelligence for medical image diagnosis, there has been no large-scale validation study done in Thailand to confirm the accuracy and utility of such algorithms when applied to local datasets. Here we present a wide-reaching development and testing of a deep learning algorithm for automated thoracic disease detection, utilizing 421,859 local chest radiographs. Our study shows that convolutional neural networks can achieve remarkable performance in detecting 13 common abnormality conditions on chest X-ray, and the incorporation of local images into the training set is key to the model's success. This paper presents a state-of-the-art model for CXR abnormality detection, reaching an average AUROC of 0.91. This model, if integrated to the workflow, can result in up to 55.6% work reduction for medical practitioners in the CXR analysis process. Our work emphasizes the importance of investing in local research of medical diagnosis algorithms to ensure safe and efficient usage within the intended region.
MoTe2
 as a natural hyperbolic material across the visible and the ultraviolet region

Hyperbolic materials are of particular interest for the next generation of photonic and optoelectronic devices. Since artificial metamaterials are intrinsically limited by the size of their nanostructured components, there has been a hunt for natural hyperbolic materials in the last few years. In a first-principles work based on density-functional theory and many-body perturbation theory, we investigate the fundamental dielectric response of MoTe2 in monolayer, bilayer, and bulk form, and find that it is a natural type-II hyperbolic material with low losses between 3 and 6 eV. Going from the monolayer to the bulk, the energy window of hyperbolic dispersion is blue-shifted by a few tenths of an eV. We show that excitonic effects and optical anisotropy play a major role in the hyperbolic behavior of MoTe2. Our results confirm the potential of layered materials as hyperbolic media for opto-electronics, photonics, and nano-imaging applications.
SECTION 2. Management in firms and organizations

This paper presents an examination of the relation between firm performance and board structure in Japan in the early 1990s, considering some other Japanese corporate governance mechanisms such as financial keiretsu. These analyses reveal two salient results. First, a U-shaped relation is apparent between board size and firm performance in Japan, as exists in the U.S. Therefore, very large or small boards are better for firms in Japan. Second, we can find no significant relation between Japanese corporate governance features such as financial keiretsu and firm performance during the early 1990s.
ALLERGEN IMMUNOTHERAPY: EFFICACY, PERSISTENCE, CONSISTENCY, AND COST EFFECTIVENESS

Although allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has been used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR), allergic conjunctivitis, asthma, stinging insect hypersensitivity, and atopic dermatitis for over 100 years, it has been slow to gain universal acceptance. With the publication of the “World Health Organization Position Paper, Allergen Immunotherapy” in 1998 which summarized the scientific evidence for the efficacy and long-term benefit of this therapy, it has become an accepted and respected modality of treatment. In this review there are discussed following topics of allergen immunotherapy: the reasons for recommending AIT, mechanism of action, subcutaneous and sublingual methods of application, duration, adherence and cost effectiveness. It is necessary to support, not blame, the patient for nonadherence as it is the responsibility of the patient, the physician, and the health-care system to create an environment in which the patient can be adherent. Nonadherence is multifactorial in most every patient and the physician must address all of the factors if adherence is to be improved. The greatest challenge is taking the time to create an individualized patient-tailored strategy to improve adherence, as one size does not fit all. Adherence is dynamic and selecting the best time to start AIT and assuring that there is close follow-up through AIT years of treatment is essential. The patient who is persistent and consistent in year one of AIT may not continue to be so in year three without added encouragement and support. The health-care systems and professional organizations need to help train physicians and their staff both in efficient and accurate ways to assess nonadherence and in implementing interventions to optimize adherence. The multidisciplinary approach to treating this disease of nonadherence will require the involvement of all healthcare professionals, researchers, professional organizations, insurance companies, and policy-makers.
Prevalence and characteristics of PIK3CA mutation in mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer

Background: Chromosomal instability (CIN) and microsatellite instability (MSI) account for the major causes of colorectal cancer (CRC). As an important component of the CIN pathway, PIK3CA mutation is a negative prognostic factor in CRC. However, the relationship between PIK3CA mutation and mismatch repair (MMR) status has not been well clarified. Methods: MMR status was determined by immunohistochemical assay. KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA and TP53 mutations were comparatively analyzed in 424 MMR-proficient (pMMR) and 104 MMR-deficient (dMMR) CRC tumors using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Results: PIK3CA mutation was more commonly mutated in dMMR tumors. PIK3CA mutation less commonly coexisted with KRAS/NRAS/BRAF and TP53 mutations, but more likely coexisted with HER2 and PTCH1 mutations in dMMR tumors compared with pMMR tumors. In tumors with concurrent RAS/BRAF and PIK3CA mutations, PIK3CA and RAS/BRAF mutant allele frequencies (MAFs) were highly concordant in dMMR tumors, whereas PIK3CA MAFs were significantly lower than the corresponding RAS/BRAF MAFs in pMMR tumors, implying that PIK3CA mutation may occur in the early stage of dMMR CRC. Conclusions: The molecular pathogenesis is different between dMMR and pMMR tumors with PIK3CA mutation in CRC. PIK3CA mutation may act as a clonally dominant truncal mutation in dMMR CRC. Thus, combination of PIK3CA mutation and MMR status might determine a specific group of CRC to select treatment or elevate prognosis.
Toxic responses of the liver and kidneys following occupational exposure to anesthetic gases

This study was undertaken to determine whether exposure of operating room personnel to inhalation anesthetics, including nitrous oxide, isoflurane, and sevoflurane was associated with any hepatotoxic or nephrotoxic changes. Fifty-two operating room personnel and 52 non-exposed subjects were studied. A questionnaire pertaining to demographic characteristics and medical history of participants was completed. Fasting blood samples were taken from all subjects to measure the functional parameters of kidneys and liver. Biological monitoring was also performed to detect the urinary concentration of IAs. Urinary concentrations of nitrous oxide, isoflurane, and sevoflurane were found to be 175.8 ± 77.52, 4.95 ± 3.43, and 15.0 3± 16.06 ppm, respectively. The mean levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, Alpha-glutathione-S-transferase, as well as the serum levels of kidney injury molecule-1, creatinine and calcium were significantly higher in the exposed group. Statistically significant associations were observed between exposure to inhalation anesthetics and the mean levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase, serum creatinine, kidney injury molecule-1, and calcium. Under the exposure scenario described in the present study, occupational exposure to inhalation anesthetics was associated with subtle, subclinical, pre-pathologic changes in the parameters of liver and kidneys. Additionally, Alpha-glutathione-S-transferase and kidney injury molecule-1 were found to be sensitive markers for early detection of subclinical changes in the parameters of kidney and liver function in subjects who are exposed to inhalation anesthetics.
CMTM5-v1 inhibits cell proliferation and migration by downregulating oncogenic EGFR signaling in prostate cancer cells

Anomalous epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling plays an important role in the progression of prostate cancer (PCa) and the transformation to castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). A novel tumor suppressor CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing member 5(CMTM5) has a MARVEL domain and may regulate transmembrane signaling. Thus, we postulated that CMTM5 could regulate EGFR and its downstream molecules to affect the biological behaviors of PCa cells. In this study, we found that CMTM5 was expressed in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues but was undetectable in PCa cells. However, the EGFR was upregulated in PCa cells, especially in two metastatic CRPC cell lines, PC3 and DU145. Furthermore, ectopic expression of CMTM5-v1 suppressed cell proliferation and migration and p-EGFR levels. Further investigation revealed that restoration of CMTM5-v1 inhibited not only EGF-mediated proliferation but also chemotactic migration by EGF in PC3 and DU145 cells. Moreover, mechanistic studies showed that CMTM5-v1 attenuated EGF-induced receptor signaling by repressing EGFR and Akt phosphorylation in PCa cells, which were essential for malignant features. Finally, CMTM5-v1can promote the sensitivity of PC3 cells to Gefetinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting the EGFR. These observations indicate that CMTM5-v1 suppressed PCa cells through EGFR signaling. The loss of CMTM5 may participate in the progression of PCa resulting from deregulated EGFR, and CMTM5 might be associated with the efficacy of TKIs in terms of their potent inhibition of EGFR and human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2) activation.
A Case of Logopenic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia with Parkinsonism and Anosmia

A 69-year-old right-handed woman developed difficulty naming objects and word-finding. The clinical features of language disorder and predominant atrophy on MRI and predominant hypoperfusion on 123I-IMP SPECT in the left temporo-parietal junction area were consistent with the diagnostic criteria for the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA). Neurological examination showed slight right-side rigidity and resting tremor (UPDRS-III: 4). 123I-FP-CIT SPECT showed presynaptic dopamine transporter reduction in the posterior putamina with left-side predominance. The odor-stick identification test for Japanese exhibited complete loss of the sense of smell (anosmia). These findings suggest that lvPPA may be accompanied by parkinsonism and anosmia.
Ulcerative Colitis in Hematological Malignancies: Paraneoplastic Manifestation or Coincidental Bystander?

Evidence of coexistence of diverse hematological malignancies—lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma, and myelodysplastic syndromes—and either ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease can be found in the literature. However, a more “systemic” effort to reach further and examine the potential of either one as paraneoplastic manifestation has not been performed. Based on these, three cases of ulcerative colitis manifesting before, simultaneously, and after the onset of different hematological malignancies are presented and critically evaluated.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Tumor Microenvironment in Cutaneous Melanoma associated with Immune Infiltration

Accumulating evidence suggests that the malignant phenotypes of cancers are determined not only by the intrinsic properties of cancer cells but also by components in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we comprehensively characterized the TME of cutaneous melanoma (CM). As a result, tumor stage, tissue site, ulceration, thickness as well as patient age, sex were associated with immune infiltration. Patients of higher immune infiltration exhibited better survival outcomes, and antitumor effector cells, such as CD8 T cells and M1 macrophages, were found in significantly higher numbers in those tissues. Differential expression of mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) was analyzed and utilized to construct an immune-related competing endogenous RNA network, in which a lncRNA-associated subnetwork that could positively regulate the expression of IFN-γ was highlighted. Functional analysis confirmed that this network was remarkably enriched in functional terms related to both immune response and tumor-intrinsic pathways. Finally, a total of 109 high-confidence prognostic genes were identified, and a gene module that contained several key immune checkpoint molecules or modulators (PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, and LCK) was screened, which confers survival benefit for CM patients as supported by both overall and relapse-free survival rates from different datasets.
Dietary flavonoid myricetin inhibits invasion and migration of radioresistant lung cancer cells (A549‐IR) by suppressing MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 expressions through inhibition of the FAK‐ERK signaling pathway

Abstract Myricetin is a commonly found dietary flavonoid. In the present study, we investigated the effects of myricetin on migration and invasion of radioresistant lung cancer cells (A549‐IR). Transcriptome analysis of A549‐IR cells identified several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in A549‐IR cells compared to parental A549 cells. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that most of the DEGs were linked with PI3K‐AKT signaling, proteoglycans, focal adhesion, and ECM–receptor interactions. A549‐IR cells demonstrated enhanced migratory potential with increased expression of vimentin, snail and slug, and reduced expression of E‐cadherin. A549‐IR cells exposed to myricetin displayed reduced migration and suppressed MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 expression. Notably, myricetin inhibited the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and altered the F‐actin/G‐actin ratio in A549‐IR cells, without modulation of EMT markers. These findings suggest that myricetin can inhibit migration of A549‐IR cells by suppressing MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 expressions through inhibition of the FAK‐ERK signaling pathway.
Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in a Chinese Cohort of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a leading malignancy in China with both high incidence and mortality. Towards improving outcomes, clinically-relevant biomarkers are urgently needed for use as prognostic and treatment targets. Herein we applied RNA-seq for deep sequencing of ten matched pairs of ESCC and adjacent non-cancerous tissues (NT) from Chinese patients. Transcriptomic data mapped to approximately 64% of all annotated genes with 2,047 and 708 unigenes being differentially up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, between ESCCs and NT samples (p<0.05). Dividing cases by pathological grade revealed significant differentially expressed genes (DEG) between ESCC and NT in both low and high differentiation cases (p<0.05) whereas gene expression differences were not significantly different between high and low differentiation ESCC tissues (p=0.053). Moreover, the majority of ESCC and NT tissues formed clusters in principal component analyses. The veracity of the DEG list was validated in a larger cohort of 45 patient samples, with down-regulated CLIC3, up-regulated CLIC4 and unchanged expression of CLIC2 confirmed in ESCC using quantitative PCR and Western blotting. Our data reveal both previously identified ESCC biomarkers along with novel candidates and represent a ready resource of DEGs in ESCC for further investigation.
Agility-based exercise training compared to traditional strength and balance training in older adults: a pilot randomized trial

Background In addition to generally high levels of physical activity, multi-component exercise training is recommended for the maintenance of health and fitness in older adults, including the prevention of falls and frailty. This training often encompasses serial sequencing of balance, strength, endurance and other types of exercise. Exercise training featuring integrative training of these components (i.e. agility training) has been proposed, as it more likely reflects real life challenges like stop-and-go patterns, cutting manoeuvers, turns and decision-making. In this study, we compared the efficacy of an agility-based training to the traditional strength and balance training approach with regard to selected risk factors for falls and frailty. Methods We trained twenty-seven community-dwelling healthy seniors (16♂; 11♀; age: 69.5 ± 5.3 y; BMI: 26.4 ± 3.7 kg/m2) for 8 weeks in a group setting with 3 sessions per week, each lasting 50 minutes. Participants were randomized into either the agility group (AGI; n = 12), that used the integrative multi-component training, or the traditional strength and balance group (TSB; n = 15). TSB performed balance and strength exercises separately, albeit within the same session. The training of both groups progressively increased in difficulty. Outcomes were static and dynamic balance (single leg eyes open stand, Y-balance test, reactive balance), lower limb (plantar flexion and dorsal extension) and trunk flexion and extension maximum strength and rate of torque development (RTD). In addition, we tested endurance by the six-minute walk test (6MWT). We calculated linear mixed effects models for between-groups comparisons as well as effect sizes (ES) with 95 % confidence intervals. Results Small ES in favor of AGI were found for plantar flexion strength (ES > 0.18[−0.27;0.89]) and RTD (ES > 0.43[−0.19;1.36]) as well as trunk extension RTD (ES = 0.35[−0.05;0.75]). No other parameters showed notable between group differences. Compliance was high in both groups (AGI: 90 ± 8% of sessions; TSB: 91 ± 7% of sessions). Discussion Agility-based exercise training seems at least as efficacious as traditional strength and balance training in affecting selected physical performance indicators among community-dwelling healthy seniors. In particular, lower limb and trunk extension explosive strength seem to benefit from the agility training.
The Changes in Blood Flow Seen in the Eye after Foot Acupuncture Treatment in Mice

Acupuncture is used to treat a wide variety of eye diseases, although there is little evidence about the effects of acupuncture treatment and the mechanisms responsible for them. Foot acupuncture treatment has effects in both mice and humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acupuncture treatment on ocular blood flow in mice. We evaluated ocular blood flow in C57BL/6J mice after foot acupuncture treatment using laser speckle flowgraphy. The mean blur rate, which is an index of blood flow velocity, was increased in the foot acupuncture group. Our results showed that, after 3 minutes' foot acupuncture, ocular blood flow was significantly increased in both the blood vessels and tissue of the eye in C57BL/6J mice. Thus, performing acupuncture in mice might help to determine its effects. Furthermore, acupuncture is considered to be a possible treatment for ocular disease.