Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental Aspects of the Pharyngeal Jaws in Astatotilapia Elegans (Trewavas, 1933) (Teleostei: Cichlidae)

The present study deals with the development of the skeletal elements of the pharyngeal jaw apparatus and their articulation with the neurocranium in a generalized haplochromine species, Astatotilapia elegans ( = Haplochromis elegans). Problems of the homology of the elements constituting the upper pharyngeal jaws are discussed. In early developmental stages the paired articular facets of the neurocranial apophysis are formed by the parasphenoid bone. During further development the basioccipital bone grows anteriorly and the surface area of each articular facet increases. We hypothesize that the bone-like material on the upper pharyngeal jaws and skull base apophysis is deposited by calcification of a type of adventitious cartilage.
Signaling and Feedback Networks Underlying Senstivity and Resistance to Kinase Inhibitors in Oncogene Addicted Cancers

Targeted therapies have begun to be developed and approved in the clinic over the past several decades to treat cancers with specific genetic alterations. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), patients harboring EGFR activating mutations often respond to the EGFR inhibitors gefitinib/erlotinib, exhibiting down-regulation of central oncogenic pathways and dramatic tumor regressions. Despite initially promising results, the vast majority of patients develop resistance to targeted therapies. Thus far, several mechanisms of resistance including T790M mutation in EGFR, amplification of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), activating mutations in downstream signaling molecules, and loss of negative regulators have been identified. As a result, next generation inhibitors and combination therapies continue to be developed and tested in the clinic. There are still many cases in which the cause of resistance to a particular targeted therapy is unknown, or the subset of patients most likely to benefit has not been identified. This thesis describes the ability of the MET ligand, HGF, to activate PI3K signaling and cause gefitinib resistance in EGFR-driven cancers. In addition, detection of a preexisting subpopulation of MET amplified cells (present before treatment with an EGFR inhibitor) is shown to successfully predict the development of MET amplification as a resistance mechanism. These results suggest that it may be possible to prospectively identify patients who will benefit from combined MET/HGF and EGFR inhibitors as initial therapies. Further, this thesis highlights the
β-Arrestin1 Interacts with the Catalytic Domain of the Tyrosine Kinase c-SRC

β-Arrestins can act as adapter molecules, coupling G-protein-coupled receptors to proteins involved in mitogenic as well as endocytic pathways. We have previously identified c-SRC as a molecule that is rapidly recruited to the β2-adrenergic receptor in a β-arrestin1-dependent manner. Recruitment of c-SRC to the receptor appears to be involved in pathways leading to receptor internalization and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. This recruitment of c-SRC to the receptor involves an interaction between the amino-terminal proline-rich region of β-arrestin1 and the Src homology 3 (SH3) domain of c-SRC, but deletion of the proline-rich domain does not totally ablate the interaction. We have found that a major interaction also exists between β-arrestin1 and the catalytic or kinase domain (SH1) of c-SRC. We therefore hypothesized that a catalytically inactive mutant of the isolated catalytic subunit, SH1(kinase dead) (SH1(KD)), would specifically block those cellular actions of c-SRC that are mediated by β-arrestin1 recruitment to the G-protein-coupled receptor. In contrast, the majority of cellular phosphorylations catalyzed by c-SRC, which do not involve interaction with the SH1 domain, would be predicted to be unaffected. The SH1(KD) mutant did indeed block β2-adrenergic receptor internalization and receptor-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of dynamin, actions previously shown to be c-SRC-dependent. In contrast, SAM-68 and whole cell tyrosine phosphorylation by c-SRC was unaffected, indicating that the SH1(KD) mutant did not inhibit c-SRC tyrosine kinase activity in general. These results not only clarify the nature of the β-arrestin1/c-SRC interaction but also implicate β-arrestin1 as an important mediator of receptor internalization by recruiting tyrosine kinase activity to the cell surface to phosphorylate key endocytic intermediates, such as dynamin.
Effect of Marine Acidification on Calcification and Respiration of Chlamys farreri

ABSTRACT Marine acidification will be an important environmental problem in the near future as a result of persistent emissions of CO2 and dissolution into seawater. In this study, we found that calcification and respiration of the Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri) are likely to be severely affected by increasing acidification. Calcification and respiration significantly declined as pH decreased. The calcification rate decreased by 33% when the pH of water was 7.9 compared with a pH of 8.1, and decreased close to 0 when the pH was reduced to 7.3. CO2 and O2 respiratory rates were reduced by 14% and 11%, respectively, when pH decreased from 7.9 to 7.3. Increasing acidification also led to changes in the metabolic pathways of C. farreri. Under acidic conditions, proteins may replace carbohydrates as the metabolic substrate. The survival of C. farreri is likely to be severely threatened in the next few centuries.
Is Epipactis pseudopurpurata distinct from E. purpurata (Orchidaceae)? Evidence from morphology, anatomy, DNA and pollination biology

A comparative analysis of the main distinctive features of Epipactis pseudopurpurata, according to the protologue, and E. purpurata revealed that the absence or disappearance, as well as the atrophy, of a viscidium is typical and characteristic of young ramets of E. purpurata and can also result from its removal by pollinators and other insect visitors. The gynostemium morphology is similar in both species examined. The minor differences in its shape are an indication of developmental variability. The morphology of numerous ramets of E. purpurata and of their gynostemia corresponds to Mereďa's description of E. pseudopurpurata, suggesting phenotypic plasticity in the former species. Based on comparative analyses of both taxa, including molecular data, the authors propose to synonymize E. pseudopurpurata with E. purpurata in view of the low value of the taxonomic features distinguishing the two species. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 170, 243–256.
Developmental and Compensatory Renal Growth in the Guinea Pig

Postnatal renal growth in the guinea pig was studied in terms of cell size and number by estimation of renal nucleic acids. The renal content of RNA and DNA increased until about 3 months of age, when the kidneys themselves virtually ceased growing. By relating kidney weight to DNA content, it was found that average renal cell size reaches a maximum within 3–5 weeks of birth; after this renal growth is achieved purely by hyperplasia. When adult guinea pigs (3–4 months old) were subjected to unilateral nephrectomy, the remaining kidney underwent compensatory growth; after 6 weeks it was 42 % bigger than that of littermate control or sham-operated animals. Unilateral nephrectomy of guinea pigs 4–6 days old produced a greater response – a 59 % weight increase after 6 weeks. The renal weight increases were associated with similar increases in RNA content, but DNA content did not increase until the 2nd postoperative week, and then only by a relatively small amount. The increases in renal DNA content in newborn animals were not significantly different from those in adults. It is concluded that the degree of compensatory renal hyperplasia is the same in newborn and adult guinea pigs and that the extra response of neonates is due to cellular hypertrophy; thus the factor(s) controlling compensatory growth cannot act merely by regulating the rate of cell division.
Preliminary observations on fecundity of the processid shrimp Nikoides schmitti (Decapoda, Caridea) from Mexican Caribbean

Nikoides schmitti is widely distributed along the Atlantic coast of the Americas, from North Carolina to Bahia, Brazil and Cuba and Guadeloupe; however, the knowledge about their reproductive biology is poorly known. In this study, data such as sex ratio, fecundity, size and volume of the embryos, and brood loss of material collected in July 1997 from Mahahual, Quintana Roo, Mexico is provided. The sample of 728 specimens had a sex ratio of 0.40 males per female. Fecundity (N = 31) of ovigerous females (Stage I) varied from 219 to 817, with an average of 432 ± 177 embryos. The newly extruded embryos of N. schmitti were small (0.41 ± 0.030 mm) and similar in size to those reported for other species of the genus. The mean volume of the embryos changed significantly during development, increasing 60.9% from stages I to III. Embryo loss during incubation was estimated in 32.9%. This study provides baseline information about the reproduction of N. schmitti and contributes to a better knowledge of this species little studied.
Isolation and characterization of 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the marine gastropod Concholepas concholepas (Brugière, 1789)

AbstractBecause of its long-lived planktonic stage, the marine gastropod Concholepas concholepas is expected to exchange larvae over large distances. However, discrepancies between expectedand realized dispersal have been documented in marine invertebrates. To investigaterelationships between potential and effective (i.e. gene flow) dispersal, we developed 11microsatellite markers and investigate their usefulness by analysing two populationsdistant by c . 4000 km. The 11 loci were found to be highly polymorphic in both populations,with 12–51 alleles according to the locus. This polymorphism is strong enough to allowfine-scale population analyses including larval studies and paternity analyses. Keywords : Chile, Concholepas concholepas , dispersal ability, marine gastropod, microsatellites,pelagic larvae Received 3 July 2006; revision accepted 15 October 2006 The muricid gastropod Concholepas concholepas (Brugiere,1789), is an important component of intertidal and shallowsubtidal communities along the Chilean coast (Castilla1999). It is also one of the main invertebrates targeted bysmall-scale fisheries in the country (Leiva & Castilla 2002). The known geographical distribution of
Promoção de crescimento e indução de resistência à antracnose por Trichoderma spp. em pepineiro

The objective of this work was to determine the effect of 60 isolates of Trichoderma and the product Trichodermil on the growth promotion and on the induction of systemic resistance to anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lagenarium in cucumber, and to identify isolates of Trichoderma spp. effective as resistance inductors. In the assays of growth promotion, the Trichoderma spp. isolates were inoculated in the substrate and, after 21 days, the shoot dry weight of the plants was measured. In the experiments of resistance induction, the isolates which promoted growth were inoculated in the substrate, at the base of the plants, seven days before C. lagenarium inoculation in the leaves. The isolate which showed the best performance was evaluated for anthracnose symptom reduction in applications at 3, 7 or 14 days before the pathogen inoculation, and for its ability of increasing the peroxidase activity. Nineteen isolates and Trichodermil promoted cucumber growth up to 100% and conferred plant protection against anthracnose up to 88.39%. The isolate IB 31/06 reduced the disease severity at the evaluated time intervals. No significant peroxidase increase was observed seven days after treatment with IB 31/06, in the plants treated and infected with the pathogen, in comparison to infected plants. Gene sequencing of the 19 isolates allowed for the identification of seven Trichoderma different species.
Potencial hídrico do substrato e teor de água das sementes na germinação do crambe

Water stress and seed water content can affect the first stages of germination and prejudice crop establishment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of substrate water availability and seed water content on crambe germination and to verify any harmful effects of seed imbibition. The treatments consisted of FMS Brilhante crambe seeds with 7.0%, 12.8%, 18.4% and 21.9% moisture content, submitted to substrate water availability of 0.0 (control); -0.1; -0.2 and -0.4 MPa. Seeds were sown on two germination papers and placed inside plastic boxes at a constant 25 oC. Seed physiological quality was evaluated from the first count, percentage germination, hipocotyl and primary root lengths and seedling fresh and dry weights. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications of 50 seeds for each treatment. As substrate water availability decreased, the germinability was reduced for all seed moisture contents, especially for seeds with 7.0% and 12.8% moisture contents, resulting in less than 48% normal seedlings at -0,4 MPa. Despite a reduction in the parameters due to water deficiency, the extension of the damage in crambe seeds is determined by the seed water content and the severity of the water stress.
Phylogenetic Analyses of the Diploid Species of Hordeum (Poaceae) and a Revised Classification of the Genus

Abstract All diploid species of Hordeum have been included in phylogenetic analyses of four molecular data sets supposedly from three different linkage groups. Two data sets stem from the nuclear genome: partial DMC1 (disrupted meiotic cDNA1) sequences (chromosome 3 in H. vulgare) and partial EF-G (elongation factor G) sequences (chromosome 2 in H. vulgare). The other two data sets are RFLP data and sequence data, rbcL (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase), from the plastid genome. Incongruence length difference tests show that the two nuclear and the two plastid data sets, respectively, are congruent, whereas the nuclear data and the plastid data are incongruent. The greatest incongruence is caused by the two Eurasian subspecies of H. marinum. The nuclear data support monophyly of the species, but the plastid data group one of the subspecies among the American taxa. The explanation is most likely lineage sorting. Based on a combined analysis of all data sets a new infrageneric classification of Hordeum including only monophyletic groups is presented. One new taxon, Hordeum L. sect. Sibirica (Nevski) G. Petersen & Seberg, stat. nov., is proposed. The distribution of selected morphological characters is discussed.
Isolation and characterization of a single-stranded DNA virus infecting the marine planktonic diatom Chaetoceros sp. (strain TG07-C28)

Diatom dynamics in the ocean represents one of the most interesting research themes for marine ecolo- gists. Recent studies have shown the significance of viruses as potential sources of mortality for diatom populations, as well as the more traditional environmental factors. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a new sin- gle-stranded DNA (ssDNA) virus (Csp05DNAV) that causes lysis in Chaetoceros sp. TG07-C28, isolated from the surface water of Ago Bay, Japan. The virus was isolated from the sediments in Ago Bay, and its infection was both lytic and species-specific. The latent period was estimated to be <24 h. The virion is 32-34 nm in diameter, and ac- cumulates in the nucleus of host cells. Csp05DNAV has a closed circular ssDNA genome, which includes a partially double-stranded region. Partial sequence analysis revealed that the open reading frame of this virus genome was sim- ilar to the putative replicase-related proteins of previously reported diatom viruses that harbor a ssDNA genome; spe- cifically, CsalDNAV, CdebDNAV, ClorDNAV, and CtenDNAV. Based on the genome structure, Csp05DNAV is con- sidered to belong to the genus Bacilladnavirus. As both the host and virus were isolated from Ago Bay, the host-virus system probably is ecologically important in the bay. This finding provides basic information towards elucidating dia- tom dynamics in coastal waters.
An Examination of Factors That Influence Teacher Adoption of Bring Your Own Device in the Classroom

AN EXAMINATION OF FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE TEACHER ADOPTION OF BRING YOUR OWN DEVICE IN THE CLASSROOM Shawn Patrick Lloyd Hirano Old Dominion University, 2015 Co-Directors: Dr. Wie Yusuf Dr. William M. Leavitt The purpose of this research is to examine if and how Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) is implemented in secondary public schools by focusing on teacher adoption of BYOD in the classroom. Given the newness of BYOD, there is little research on how school districts have implemented this policy or why and how teachers have adopted the practice in their classroom. Using both Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this research investigated several key elements that could influence teacher adoption of BYOD: teacher characteristics, school culture, and professional development. The population for this mixed method study was teachers in three middle schools and three high schools located in a large suburban school district in Virginia. The mixed method study was divided into two parts: focus groups and web survey. Selecting schools for both parts of the study was based on three variables: student ethnicity, percentage of the student body considered economically disadvantaged, and teacher experience. Data collected from the focus groups was used to create the web survey. The results from this study revealed that five predictor variables were statistically significant concerning teacher adoption of BYOD in middle and high schools: perceived usefulness of BYOD, school culture, professional development, the secondary school level middle or high school, and the type of school program whether a traditional program at a zoned school or a specialized program such as an academy. The strongest predictor of the five variables was perceived usefulness. Findings from this study w ill contribute to policy makers understanding of which factors influence a teacher's decision to adopt or reject an innovation (such as BYOD) and may influence development and implementation of policies regarding such innovations.
Desenvolvimento de colônias de abelhas Apis mellifera africanizadasna região de Maringá, Estado do Paraná - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v29i1.265

This research was carried out to evaluate the growing of Africanized honeybee colonies from July 1999 to June 2000, as for the percentages of occupation area with brood,food, occupied total area, to correlate them with environmental variables and to determine the tenor of crude protein in the pollen stocked in the combs by workers. Five colonies were mapped monthly, which were made the counting of the occupied area with brood, food, occupied total area and also the pollen was collected and submitted to thebromatological analysis to determine the tenor of crude protein. The medium percentages of occupation with brood (egg-larvae plus workers pupa and drones), with food (honey and pollen) and of the occupied total area they were not also different among the treatments (p>0.05). The Africanized honeybee colonies reduced their population with low external temperatures (winter) and also with excess of relative humidity of the air (summer). Themedium tenor of crude protein in the pollen during the year was 24.51%, and this value isacceptable for a good development of the colonies.
Volatile organic compounds released by Rumex confertus following Hypera rumicis herbivory and weevil responses to volatiles

We report in this study large induction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from a single inflorescence of mossy sorrel (Rumex confertus Willd., Polygonaceae), by herbivory of the weevil (Hypera rumicis L., Coleoptera: Curculionidae). VOCs blend induced by the weevil herbivory included 1 green leaf volatiles (GLVs) ((Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐yl acetate), five terpenes ((Z)‐β‐ocimene, linalool, geranyl acetate, β‐caryophyllene and (E)‐β‐farnesene), three esters (benzyl acetate, methyl salicylate and methyl anthranilate) and one aromatic heterocyclic organic compound (indole). Uninjured plants produced only detectable amounts of VOCs. A Y‐tube experiment revealed that both females and males of H. rumicis were not attracted to any of tested concentrations (1, 5, 25, 125 ng/min). Also both females and males were significantly repelled by the highest concentrations (25 and 125 ng/min). Additionally, concentration of 5 ng/min proved to be repellent for females of H. rumicis.
Note on Occurrence of Mymaromella pala Huber and Gibson (Hymenoptera: Mymarommatidae) in Montana: A New State Record

ABSTRACT. The parasitic wasp Mymaromella pala Huber and Gibson (Hymenoptera: Mymarommatidae) was collected at 4 sites within a canyon reach of the Kootenai River in Lincoln County, Montana. This minute species has only recently been described, but it appears to have a large distribution throughout the United States and to be associated with upland and riparian forests.
Occupancy in continuous habitat

The probability that a site has at least one individual of a species (‘occupancy') has come to be widely used as a state variable for animal population monitoring. The available statistical theory for estimation when detection is imperfect applies particularly to habitat patches or islands, although it is also used for arbitrary plots in continuous habitat. The probability that such a plot is occupied depends on plot size and home-range characteristics (size, shape and dispersion) as well as population density. Plot size is critical to the definition of occupancy as a state variable, but clear advice on plot size is missing from the literature on the design of occupancy studies. We describe models for the effects of varying plot size and home-range size on expected occupancy. Temporal, spatial, and species variation in average home-range size is to be expected, but information on home ranges is difficult to retrieve from species presence/absence data collected in occupancy studies. The effect of variable .