Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Parental Mediation in the Relationship between Adolescents’ Use of Social Media and Family Relationships in Saudi Arabia

This study aimed to examine the impact of parenting mediation strategies on family relationships and social media use among Saudi adolescents. To achieve the aim, a quantitative research design was used, involving questionnaires with data collected from 393 Saudi students aged 13-18 years. Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed. The key findings of this study showed that Snapchat and Instagram were the most popular social media sites among Saudi adolescents, and parenting mediation strategies were affected by family relationships. Just over a third of participants (35.62%) reported that they spent 3-5 hours per day on social media with another 30.79% spending more than 6 hours per day on social media. Family relationships were found to strongly predict the social integration and social media addiction. The data showed a significant negative correlation between excessive use of social media and two components of family relationships (cohesion and expressiveness). Moreover, the results suggest that lower levels of family expressiveness and higher levels of family conflict were associated with social media addiction. The parenting mediation strategies were shown to predict the cohesiveness and expressiveness of family relationships. Finally, technical and monitoring parenting mediation strategies were found significant associated with the social media use and the family relationships. These results contribute to formulating guidelines for parents and policymakers in developing countries such as Saudi Arabia to protect their children from the social media risks.
Comparison of transmission abilities of four Cicadulina species vectors of maize streak virus from Nigeria

Four Cicadulina species [Cicadulina arachidis China, Cicadulina dabrowskii Webb, Cicadulina mbila (Naude), and Cicadulina storeyi China (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)] found during field surveys in 1997–1999 across five ecological zones in Nigeria were reared in screenhouses and females were used in a study to compare their abilities to transmit Maize streak virus (Geminiviridae: genus Mastrevirus) from maize to maize using the susceptible variety Pool 16. The results showed that for both acquisition access feeding periods (AAP) and inoculation access feeding periods (IAP), transmission efficiencies decreased in the following order: C. storeyi > C. mbila > C. arachidis > C. dabrowskii. The transmission efficiencies of these vectors increased with longer feeding periods, as the means of susceptible test plants that showed Mastrevirus symptoms for both acquisition and IAPs were higher for 24 and 48 h than for 1 and 2 h for all four species studied. The epidemiological implications of these differences in transmission abilities are discussed.
Evaluation of Germplasm Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)

Fenugreek, commonly called Greekhayes or “Methi”, is the dried ripe fruit of the pulse Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. (2n=16) (Fryer, 1930), belongs to family Fabaceae. It has been originated in Egypt. Fenugreek can be grown in the tropics and in temperate regions. It is grown from sea level up to an altitude of 2000m. Botanically, the genus Trigonella comprises 50 species, mostly of Mediterranean and Oriental origin. There are International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 4 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
MEMBANGUN KONSEP IDEAL PENERAPAN ASAS IKTIKAD BAIK DALAM HUKUM PERJANJIAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisa konsep ideal dalam penerapan iktikad baik dalam hukum perjanjian. Pengaturan itikad baik sebaiknya dirumuskan sebagai “sikap atau perilaku berpegang teguh pada perjanjian untuk memberikan kepada lawan janji apa yang menjadi haknya dan tidak mencari-cari celah untuk melepaskan diri dari apa yang telah diperjanjikan berdasarkan kepatutan dan kerasionalan. Standar yang digunakan dalam itikad baik objektif adalah standar yang objektif yang mengacu kepada suatu norma yang objektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Perilaku para pihak dalam perjanjian harus diuji atas dasar norma-norma objektif yang tidak tertulis yang berkembang di dalam masyarakat. Norma tersebut dikatakan objektif karena tingkah laku didasarkan pada anggapan para pihak sendiri, tetapi tingkah laku tersebut harus sesuai dengan anggapan umum tentang itikad baik tersebut. Fungsi itikad baik yang ketiga adalah fungsi membatasi dan meniadakan. Beberapa para pakar hukum sebelum perang berpendapat bahwa itikad baik juga memiliki fungsi ini. Mereka mengajarkan bahwa suatu perjanjian tertentu atau suatu ketentuan undang-undang mengenai kontrak itu dapat dikesampingkan, jika sejak dibuatnya kontrak itu keadaan telah berubah, sehingga pelaksanaan kontrak itu menimbulkan ketidakadilan.
Mice lacking the CCR9 CC-chemokine receptor show a mild impairment of early T- and B-cell development and a reduction in T-cell receptor γδ+ gut intraepithelial lymphocytes

CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 9, the receptor for the CC-chemokine CCL25/thymus-expressed chemokine (TECK), is mainly expressed by thymocytes and by intraepithelial (IEL) and lamina propria lymphocytes of the small intestine. To study the biologic role of CCR9, a mouse strain was generated in which the CCR9 gene was deleted. In spite of the high level of CCR9 found in double- and single-positive thymocytes and of the expression of its corresponding ligand on thymic stromal cells, CCR9 deletion had no major effect on intrathymic T-cell development. It was noted that there was only a one-day lag in the appearance of double-positive cells during fetal ontogeny in CCR9−/− thymi. When tested in chemotaxis assay, thymocytes isolated from CCR9−/− mice failed to respond to TECK/CCL25. Taken together, these results suggest that in thymocytes, CCR9 is the only physiologic receptor for TECK/CCL25, and that it is dispensable for proper T-cell development. Bone marrow pre-pro–B cells migrate in response to TECK/CCL25, but more mature B cells do not. Consistent with this observation, it was shown that there are fewer pre-pro–B cells in CCR9−/−mice than in wild-type mice. However, this diminution does not appear to have a detectable effect on the generation of a normal complement of mature B cells. Finally, it was shown that in the small intestine of CCR9-deficient mice, the intraepithelial T-cell–to–epithelial cell ratio is decreased, an observation that can be accounted for by a marked diminution of the T-cell receptor γδ+ compartment.
Worm geomorphology

Darwin’s analysis of the geomorphology of worms is the first documented account of fauna influencing the landscape and established the foundation upon which many current studies in ecosystem engineering, zoogeomorphology, soil science, and biogeomorphology are more broadly predicated. The focus of this assessment is to analyze the long-lasting and broad application of his 1881 work, The Formation of Vegetable Mould, Through the Action of Worms, with Observations on their Habits. In particular, this assessment identifies and elaborates on underlying lessons for today’s geomorphologists. The underlying lessons presented here are three-fold: (1) be multidisciplinary, (2) assess the trivial, and (3) be impactful. First, we review the context of geomorphology in his essay on worms. Then, we address each of the three underlying lessons. We discuss how geomorphologists have adopted these lessons, and what geomorphology can continue to learn from Darwin (1881). In doing so, we analyze the wide influence Darwin’s Worms has had on the scientific community, with an emphasis on geomorphic implications. Our analysis shows that over 900 publications refer to Darwin (1881). In addition, these publications were derived from a variety of disciplines including, but not limited to, anthropology, biogeography, botany, geology, paleontology, philosophy, psychology, scientific travel writing, taxonomy, and zoology. At first glance, it may appear trivial to assess the amount of earth moved by worms, yet this is how Darwin spent his final years. His efforts were not in vain, but rather found that worms play an essential role in soil health, and his work continues to gain recognition and inspire geomorphologists.
Effect of fertigation on soil fertility, yield and nutrient uptake by brinjal

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of fertigation on yield, soil fertility status and nutrient uptake by brinjal during rabi season of 2017-18 at research farm of Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with five treatments replicated four times. The treatments consist of various levels of fertilizers through drip fertigation and a control treatment with traditional application of fertilizer. The results revealed that the yield increased with increasing level of Fertigation. The maximum yield was recorded with drip fertigation at 150% RDF (557.10 q ha-1) which was found to be at par with drip Fertigation at 125% RDF (554.88 q ha-1). Significantly lower yield obtained under control i.e. traditional fertilization at 100% RDF (428.56 q ha-1). Similar trend was observed with highest available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients in soil. Chemical properties of soil were also improved with fertigation as compared to traditional method of fertilizer application. Highest B:C ratio was obtained in treatment with drip fertigation at 125% RDF (3.22) followed by treatment with drip fertigation at 100% RDF (3.09).
Mode of Action of Herbicides Affecting Carotenogenesis

Carotenoids (carotenes and xanthophylls) are obligate pigments in the photosynthetic apparatus. They transfer absorbed light to chlorophylls and quench singlet oxygen which otherwise may degrade chlorophyll. Absence of colored carotenoids will lead to bleaching of leaves and death of the plants. Carotenoids have a C40 isoprenoid structure with conjugated double bonds. These are formed by processing phytoene via lycopene into beta-carotene. Inhibition of H-abstraction along this pathway produces non-functional, non-colored precursors. Many of such inhibitors have been developed as herbicides, like norflurazon, diflufenican or sulcotrione. Research on the genetic and molecular level has been addressed to phytoene desaturase. The plant-type gene has been sequenced and mutagenized to produce a herbicide-resistant enzyme. A Japanese group has isolated a gene from the bacterium Erwinia uredovora whose enzyme exhibits a striking resistance to many bleaching herbicides. Transgenic resistant tobacco lines have been engineered.
Evidence for separate origins of the two Pseudomonas avellanae lineages

Pseudomonas avellanae is the causal agent of hazelnut (Corylus avellana) decline, both in northern Greece and central Italy, and two lineages related to the geographical origins of the pathogen have previously been identified. Forty strains, obtained from all the areas where the disease has so far been observed, and representing six different subpopulations of the two lineages, were further assessed using insertion-sequence PCR genomic fingerprinting. The data previously obtained from repetitive-sequence PCR using ERIC and BOX primer sets and insertion-sequence PCR (IS50) were analysed using statistical methods, enabling genetic diversity and gene flow among the populations to be elucidated, as well as verifying the possible correlation between genetic diversity and geographical origin. The Mantel test performed with ERIC, BOX and IS50-PCR data revealed that the P. avellanae populations that are spatially distant from each other are also genetically dissimilar: gene flow estimates confirmed this. The present study supports the hypothesis that P. avellanae originated separately in Greece and Italy, and that the two lineages of the pathogen underwent separate local evolution.
Social Media: Online Modern Tool to Enhance Secondary Schools Students’ Academic Performance

This paper reports a survey done that examined the relationship between the use of Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter and YouTube on students’ academic performance in secondary schools. The study adopted the descriptive research design. The population of the study comprised all 7,767 teachers in secondary schools. The sample of 385 teachers was randomly selected. Two instruments were used. The data were analyzed using Pearson Product Movement Correlation Statistics (PPMCS) at 0.05 level of significant. The findings showed that the use of Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter, and YouTube were significantly related to students’ academic performance of secondary schools. The study concluded that that the use of Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter and YouTube among teachers and students had positive contributions to students’ academic performance of secondary schools. The findings implicate that the teachers and students in secondary schools should admire the use of social medial such as Facebook WhatsApp, Twitter, and YouTube as an interactive forum for teaching-learning activities.
The distribution and migrations of bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L., in waters around England and Wales as shown by tagging

Tagging data for 5959 bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L. , released around England and Wales between 1970 and 1984 have been compiled and analysed to show seasonal distribution patterns and implied movements of populations in the southern North Sea, the central English Channel and the south-west and west coasts. Juvenile bass appear to remain near their nursery areas throughout the year, whilst adults show extensive migrations between summer feeding areas and winter pre-spawning areas, which are specific to local populations. Straying occasionally occurs between populations, but only at the ‘adolescent’ phase, and for management purposes local populations may be considered discrete.
Non-peptide δ opioid agonists and antagonists

Following a flurry of medicinal chemistry activity in the late 1980s, a number of non-peptide pharmacological tools, selective for the δ opioid receptors, became available to challenge the pre-eminent position occupied by the existing peptide δ ligands. The first non-peptide δ antagonist NTI (1) represented a breakthrough in this field. Several analogues have been subsequently synthesised and are currently being used to clarify the pharmacology associated with the δ opioid receptors. The discovery of the selective δ agonists TAN-67 (50), BW373U86 (56) and SNC 80 (62) represented another step towards the understanding of the involvement of the δ opioid receptor in a number of possible pathophysiological conditions. This review addresses the recent highlights and developments that have been made by several research groups in the design of potent and selective non-peptide δ ligands. Focus has been given to the different pharmacological actions of δ agonists and antagonists. Analgesia can be considered the hi.
Rational Fishery Management in a Depressed Region: the Atlantic Groundfishery

The economic and social milieu of the commercial fisheries in the Atlantic provinces of Canada is described, followed by an analysis of the structure of the major sector, the fishery based on the demersal stocks of the region. Existence of the classic features of mature fisheries, i.e. congestion and economic distress, is established for this fishery and the causes considered. Extended national jurisdiction over the use of fishery resources, it is argued, while it improves opportunity for development, does not affect those causes. Possible approaches to rational management of the fishery are reviewed, in particular the institution of inducements for fishing enterprises to minimize production costs. A discussion in this respect of quasi property rights for resource users and associated problems concludes the paper. Key words: economic depression, congested fisheries, regional development, Atlantic provinces, groundfish(demersal) resources, industrial structure, fishery management, rationalization, quasi pr.
Epidemiological and evolutionary consequences of life‐history trade‐offs in pathogens

Trade-offs in life-history traits are a central tenet in evolutionary biology, yet their ubiquity and relevance to realized fitness of populations remains questioned. Trade-offs in pathogens are of particular interest because they may constrain the evolution and epidemiology of diseases. Here, studies that have measured life-history trade-offs in pathogens (fungi, oomycetes and viruses) of agricultural crops, as well as pathogens attacking wild host plants, are reviewed. The majority of studies report a penalty associated with high virulence as is evidenced by lower performance during subsequent life-history stages. However, costs are not pervasive, and the strength and even shape of life-history correlations can vary according to host genotype, and abiotic environment. Importantly, life-history trade-offs are shown to have profound epidemiological implications ranging from lower disease prevalence of strains harbouring unnecessary virulence, to increased extinction risk at the metapopulation level. From an evolutionary perspective, costs of virulence are shown to constrain the range of R genes, and hence host genotypes, a given strain can adapt to. Moreover, costs of virulence play an important role in limiting the host range of pathogens. Hence, analysis of pathogen life history plays a key role in identifying means of battling disease, from breeding durable resistance to epidemiological intervention strategies.
Case Study of a Population Bottleneck: Lions of the Ngorongoro Crater

Abstract: Lions in the Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania, form a small and naturally isolated population. In 1962, the Crater lions suffered an epizootic that reduced the population to nine females and one male. An additional seven males apparently immigrated into the Crater in 1964–1965, but there has been no further immigration into the Crater in the past 25 years. By 1975, the population had recovered to its current level of 75-125 animals. All members of the current Crater population are descended from only 15 founders, and over the years there has been considerable variance in the reproductive success of both sexes. The Crater was probably colonized by lions from the nearby Serengeti ecosystem and the contemporary Crater lion population shows a significant lack of genetic diversity compared to the much larger Serengeti population. The detailed reproductive history of the Crater population was incorporated into a series of stochastic computer simulations that generated distributions of expected allele frequencies under different sets of initial conditions. The simulations suggest that the Crater population may have passed through previous bottlenecks before 1962 but that the level of heterozygosity in the breeding population has been declining since the mid-1970s, regardless of the population's genetic composition in the 1960s. High levels of inbreeding are correlated with increased levels of sperm abnormality in lions and there is evidence that the reproductive performance of the Crater lions has decreased as a result of decreasing heterozygosity.
NASAL MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SERBIAN POPULATION

The aim of this study was to determine the nasal parameters in the population of central Serbia and to compare them with those determined in earlier studies in different populations. The research was conducted on 496 randomly selected persons (262 males and 234 females), aged 18-65 years. The measured parameters were nasal height and nasal breadth and the standard spreading caliper with scale was used for measurements. There were significant differences in the nasal parameters between male and female subjects. The nasal breadth was 34.72 mm in females, and in the male population it was 36.7 mm. The mean values of nasal height were 52.6 mm and 54.32 mm in females and males, respectively. The nasal index in females and males was 66.01 and 67.56, respectively, and the mean value of the nasal index of all respondents was 66.78. After conducting the research it was concluded that the dominant nasal type in the population of the central part of Serbia is leptorrhine. The present study showed the existence of sexual dimorphism in nasal morphology. The data obtained in our study may be useful in anthropological and forensic research, as well as in cosmetic planning and reconstructive surgery.
Morphological and metabolic changes in the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus NRRLy2415 during fermentation of lactose

Oxygen availability has been identified as a major factor in governing the morphology of the lactose-fermenting yeast, Kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus (formerly fragilis) NRRLy2415. In this particular strain, filamentous cells (F forms) predominate during the initial stages of aerobic propagation whilst budding yeast cells (Y forms) predominate during anaerobiosis. In other K. marxianus strains, and in Candida pseudotropicalis, budding cells predominate irrespective of oxygen availability. Increased cellular cytochrome contents and oxygen uptake rates accompanied Y to F (yeast to filamentous) transitions in K. marxianus NRRLy2415, suggesting that functional mitochondria are involved in controlling dimorphism in this yeast. This was further supported by the observation that respiratory inhibitors such as chloramphenicol prevented filamentation and promoted formation of respiratory-deficient budding cells. During aerobic batch cultivation. K. marxianus displayed physiological variability in which cells were initially filamentous and respiratory but latterly were yeast-like and fermentative, suggesting that growth rate as well as oxygen availability affected cell physiology. This was supported by the finding that during growth in lactose-limited chemostat culture, the morphology and respiratory activity of K. marxianus varied with the specific growth rate of cells. I n addition, the fermentation rates of F and Y forms varied, although maximum ethanol yields were not significantly different between the two morphologies. These results have implications for the more eflcient conversion of lactose to ethanol in commercial fermentations of cheese whey.
Isolation and Characterization of Mercury Resistant Bacillus sp. from Soils with an Extensive History as Substrates for Mercury Extraction in Mexico

Metal phytoextraction assisted by bacteria plays an important role in bioremediation systems. In this work, mercury-resistant bacterial strains were isolated from soils with high levels of mercury (San Joaquin, Queretaro State, Mexico) and identified as Bacillus sp. based on the 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. The bacterial strains were found to exhibit different multiple mercury-resistance and carbon source utilization characteristics. The mercury reduction ability was tested through a volatilization assay. The bacterial isolates were also evaluated for their ability to promote growth and mercury uptake in tomato plants. In a roll towel assay, the maximum vigor index of tomato plants was obtained with the inoculation of Bacillus sp. A2, A12, B11, B15 and C1, while in a pot assay, the maximum vigor index was obtained with the inoculation of Bacillus sp. A6, A7 and B20, compared with un-inoculated controls in the presence of HgCl2. Maximum Hg accumulation in the roots and shoots of tomato plants was obtained only with Bacillus sp. A7 in the roll towel assay, whereas in the pot assay, maximum accumulation was obtained with Bacillus sp. A12 compared with un-inoculated controls. Our results show that mercury accumulation in tissue is enhanced by these plant growth promoting bacterial strains, which recommends their possible use as microbe-assisted phytoremediation systems in mercury-polluted soils.