Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determining Cyclone Frequencies Using Equal-Area Circles

Abstract This paper examines recent cyclone frequencies with a methodology that incorporates the use of 5° latitude equal-area circles located in a grid for a region centered from 25° to 70°N and 60° to 140°W. Cyclones were counted in 82 equal-area circles for the period 1950–93 over North America. The grid of equal-area circles eliminated two related problems associated with conventional grid systems, area-inequality, and area-normalization, and allows for comparison of frequency counts among circles. An analysis of winter cyclones among four north-to-south circles on a meridian indicated latitudinal variability in year-to-year raw cyclone counts. Correlation coefficients developed from relating winter cyclone counts from one circle to another were less than ±0.29, implying that the location of the axis of maximum winter cyclone frequency varies annually. Results revealed that winter and spring had the greatest number of cyclones and the southernmost position of the axis of maximum frequency. Summer and .
Determining a Trustworthy Application for Medical Data Visualizations through a Knowledge-Based Fuzzy Expert System

Medical data, such as electronic health records, are a repository for a patient’s medical records for use in the diagnosis of different diseases. Using medical data for individual patient care raises a number of concerns, including trustworthiness in data management, privacy, and patient data security. The introduction of visual analytics, a computing system that integrates analytics approaches with interactive visualizations, can potentially deal with information overload concerns in medical data. The practice of assessing the trustworthiness of visual analytics tools or applications using factors that affect medical data analysis is known as trustworthiness evaluation for medical data. It has a variety of major issues, such as a lack of important evaluation of medical data, the need to process much of medical data for diagnosis, the need to make trustworthy relationships clear, and the expectation that it will be automated. Decision-making strategies have been utilized in this evaluation process to avoid these concerns and intelligently and automatically analyze the trustworthiness of the visual analytics tool. The literature study found no hybrid decision support system for visual analytics tool trustworthiness in medical data diagnosis. Thus, this research develops a hybrid decision support system to assess and improve the trustworthiness of medical data for visual analytics tools using fuzzy decision systems. This study examined the trustworthiness of decision systems using visual analytics tools for medical data for the diagnosis of diseases. The hybrid multi-criteria decision-making-based decision support model, based on the analytic hierarchy process and sorting preferences by similarity to ideal solutions in a fuzzy environment, was employed in this study. The results were compared to highly correlated accuracy tests. In conclusion, we highlight the benefits of our proposed study, which includes performing a comparison analysis on the recommended models and some existing models in order to demonstrate the applicability of an optimal decision in real-world environments. In addition, we present a graphical interpretation of the proposed endeavor in order to demonstrate the coherence and effectiveness of our methodology. This research will also help medical experts select, evaluate, and rank the best visual analytics tools for medical data.
Delta-shock waves as self-similar viscosity limits

It is natural to search for weak solutions for (1.1)—(1.2) that are self-similar, which in this context means that they are invariant under dilations of the independent variables of the form (x,t) i—» (ax, at), a > 0, or in other words, that they are constant along the rays x = at, t > 0. One of the standard methods for the study of the Riemann problem (1.1)—(1.2) is the vanishing viscosity method, which consists of introducing a term of the form eUxx on the right-hand side of (1.1), which results in a parabolic system whose solutions depend on the parameter e. One then proceeds to determine the behavior of the smooth solutions of this parabolic system when e —> 0+, with initial data (1.2) or some suitable regularization of it. One hopes to obtain existence and additional properties of the weak solutions of (1.1) (1.2) this way. The vanishing viscosity regularization is often physically appropriate and, to an extent, preserves the Galilean invariance associated to the system (1.1) by approximating shock waves by travelling wave solutions of the regularized system. However, the self-similarity of the approximating solutions is lost. If one wishes to preserve the self-similarity at the level of approximations, it is possible to employ a variant of the vanishing viscosity method that consists of introducing a term of the form etUxx, on the right-hand side of (1.1). This gives rise to the regularized system:
How quantization of gravity leads to a discrete space-time

The idea that the Planck length is the smallest unit of length, and the Planck time the smallest unit of time, is natural, and has been suggested many times. One can, however, also derive this more rigorously, using nothing more than the fact that black holes emit particles, according to Hawking's theory, and that these particles interact gravitationally. It is then observed that the particles, going in and out, form quantum states bouncing against the horizon. The dynamics of these microstates can be described in a partial wave expansion, but Hawking's expression for the entropy then requires a cut-off in the transverse momentum, in the form of a Brillouin zone, and this implies that these particles live on a lattice.
Effects of Organic Farming on the Physicochemical, Functional, and Quality Properties of Pomegranate Fruit: A Review

In this review, a selection of studies was carried out that evaluated the influence of organic agronomic practices on the cultivation of pomegranate; specifically, the influence of these practices on improving soil health and pomegranate fruit quality. Studies were selected (n = 39) in which organic treatments were applied to different cultivars of pomegranate and which evaluated fruit and soil quality parameters. These studies showed that exclusively organic manure and organic manure in combination with mineral fertilizers are suitable to fulfill the requirements of pomegranate crop and reduce the amount of mineral fertilizers. Moreover, the soil health improved with organic manures, as well as growth, and yield in the pomegranate crop. Pomegranate fruits grown under organic conditions showed high levels of fruit quality parameters, such as total soluble solids and fruit juice, and additionally presented high concentrations of bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins and total phenols. Data from these studies endorsed the fact that pomegranates cultured under organic conditions may have a better fruit quality and nutraceutical content than those grown under conventional conditions, although more scientific evidence is required to confirm this.
Analysis of Latency-Aware Network Slicing in 5G Packet xHaul Networks

—Packet-switched xHaul networks are a scalable solu- tion enabling convergent transport of diverse types of radio data flows, such as fronthaul / midhaul / backhaul (FH / MH / BH) flows, between remote sites and a central site (hub) in 5G radio access networks (RANs). Such networks can be realized using the cost-efficient Ethernet technology, which enhanced with time-sensitive networking (TSN) features allows for prioritized transmission of latency-sensitive fronthaul flows. Provisioning of multiple types of 5G services of different service requirements in a shared network, commonly referred to as network slicing, requires adequate handling of transported data flows in order to satisfy particular service / slice requirements. In this work, we investigate two traffic prioritization policies, namely, flow- aware (FA) and latency-aware (LA), in a packet-switched xHaul network supporting slices of different latency requirements. We evaluate the effectiveness of the policies in a network-planning case study, where virtualized radio processing resources allocated at the processing pool (PP) facilities, for two slices related to enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) services, are subject to optimization. Using numerical experiments, we analyze PP cost savings from applying the LA policy (vs. FA) in various network scenarios. The savings in active PPs reach up to 40% − 60% in ring scenarios and 30% in a mesh network, whereas the gains in overall PP cost are up to 20% for the cost values assumed in the analysis.
Pore‐Scale Determination of Residual Gas Remobilization and Critical Saturation in Geological CO2 Storage: A Pore‐Network Modeling Approach

Remobilization of residually trapped CO2 can occur under pressure depletion, caused by any sort of leakage, brine extraction for pressure maintenance purposes, or simply by near wellbore pressure dissipation once CO2 injection has ceased. This phenomenon affects the long‐term stability of CO2 residual trapping and should therefore be considered for an accurate assessment of CO2 storage security. In this study, pore‐network modeling is performed to understand the relevant physics of remobilization. Gas remobilization occurs at a higher gas saturation than the residual saturation, the so‐called critical saturation; the difference is called the mobilization saturation, a parameter that is a function of the network properties and the mechanisms involved. Regardless of the network type and properties, Ostwald ripening tends to slightly increase the mobilization saturation, thereby enhancing the security of residual trapping. Moreover, significant hysteresis and reduction in gas relative permeability is observed, implying slow reconnection of the trapped gas clusters. These observations are safety enhancing features, due to which the remobilization of residual CO2 is delayed. The results, consistent with our previous analysis of the field‐scale Heletz experiments, have important implications for underground gas and CO2 storage. In the context of CO2 storage, they provide important insights into the fate of residual trapping in both the short and long term.
Effects of Induced Mindfulness at Night on Repetitive Negative Thinking: Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

Background Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a cognitive risk factor for various disorders. Although brief mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs; lasting 20-30 minutes or shorter) are effective tools to reduce RNT, the effect of a minimal (5-minute) MBI remains largely unknown. Objective We investigated the acute changes in RNT induced by a 10-day minimal MBI (body scan before sleeping) using an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) administered during the MBI training phase. In addition, we examined longer-term effects on the postintervention and 2-month follow-up assessments for questionnaire-based RNT and psychological distress. Methods A total of 68 participants (community sample, aged 18-55 years; n=58, 85% women) were randomly allocated to either the intervention group (n=35, 51%) or the no-training control group (n=33, 49%). Both groups completed a 10-day EMA phase of RNT, during which only the intervention group performed a daily 5-minute body scan before sleeping. Results The intervention group showed a significantly larger reduction in questionnaire-based RNT than the control group at the follow-up assessment (for growth-curve modeling analysis [GMA], dGMA=−0.91; P<.001), but this effect was not observed during the EMA phase or at the postintervention assessment. Furthermore, the intervention group showed significantly larger decreases in stress both at the postintervention (dGMA=−0.78; P<.001) and follow-up (dGMA=−0.60; P<.001) assessments than the control group. We found no intervention effects on depressive and anxiety symptoms. Conclusions A 5-minute body scan before sleeping reduces RNT and stress when continued for at least 10 days; however, the results suggest that this effect only appears with some time lag because no acute changes during and immediately after the intervention emerged for RNT.
Job Creation and Job Destruction Dynamics in the U.S. Truck Transportation Industry, 1995-2019

IZA DP No. 16184 MAY 2023 Job Creation and Job Destruction Dynamics in the U.S. Truck Transportation Industry, 1995-2019* Every year, approximately 27% of all jobs in the U.S. truck transportation sector (NAICS 484) are reshuffled across motor carriers as existing carriers grow or shrink, new entrants begin operations, and existing firms exit. Studying how these dynamics unfold, especially for young carriers, is critical to further our understanding of employment dynamics in the U.S. trucking industry. This manuscript takes a first look at job creation and job destruction dynamics in truck transportation, with a special emphasis on the roles of carrier age and on job creation and destruction dynamics in the manufacturing sector, the source of demand for most trucking ton-miles. In doing so, we draw on and extend theory in both supply chain management and economics. We test our predictions using archival data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Business Dynamics Statistics program that tracks the universe of truck transportation firms with employee establishments from 1995 through 2019, focusing on firms that are ten years old or younger. Results from fitting a series of linear mixed effects models provide strong evidence that job creation and job destruction dynamics at trucking firms decline rapidly as carriers age. We further find these age-related dynamics are moderated by employment dynamics in the manufacturing sector. We discuss implications of these findings for theory and practice. JEL Classification: J21, J63, L92
Environmental Considerations in the Simulation of Early Earth Ultraviolet Conditions for Prebiotic Chemistry Experiments

This study examines the UV environments created in the laboratory in order to simulate prebiotic conditions and explore the chemistry of life’s origins. The majority of studies examining prebiotic chemistry do not provide details of the simulated ultraviolet environment beyond which UV lamp was used. By explicitly determining the ultraviolet spectra, we were able to compare experimental conditions with the spectra of both the modern Sun and a solar analog, -Ceti, representing the Sun during the era of biogenesis. Specifically, this paper examines the UV environments implemented in two experiments simulating prebiotic conditions: one examining ribonucleotide synthesis (Powner et al., 2009) and the other examining the viability of the reduction of oxaloacetate to malate, a step in the Reductive Tricarboxylic Acid (rTCA) Cycle (Guzman and Martin, 2008). These studies demonstrated that reactions could be driven forward through photoelectrochemical pathways, which in the case of the Powner experiment was wavelength dependent. While neither study detailed the ultraviolet environment used, Guzman and Martin noted some literature values, stating that UV fluxes on the Earth 3.5-3.9Ga ago should be 40Wm 2 for 315-400nm, 5Wm 2 for 280-315nm, and 1Wm 2 for 200-280nm (Guzman and Martin, 2008). For our study, we explicitly obtained the lamp spectra in order to determine the actual ultraviolet environments employed by these experiments. We were able to obtain spectra for a PenRay low-pressure Hg UV cold cathode lamp, an Ace Glass 450W medium-pressure mercury arc lamp with a quartz immersion well and water-cooling jacket, and a Newport 150W low-pressure Hg(Xe) lamp. Our results found that none of the lamps produced spectra that remotely resembled prebiotic conditions, as each failed to produce a continuum or replicate solar emission features. Furthermore, the flux ratios measured for the 150W and
Opportunities and Challenges of Kava in Lung Cancer Prevention

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths due to its high incidence, late diagnosis, and limited success in clinical treatment. Prevention therefore is critical to help improve lung cancer management. Although tobacco control and tobacco cessation are effective strategies for lung cancer prevention, the numbers of current and former smokers in the USA and globally are not expected to decrease significantly in the near future. Chemoprevention and interception are needed to help high-risk individuals reduce their lung cancer risk or delay lung cancer development. This article will review the epidemiological data, pre-clinical animal data, and limited clinical data that support the potential of kava in reducing human lung cancer risk via its holistic polypharmacological effects. To facilitate its future clinical translation, advanced knowledge is needed with respect to its mechanisms of action and the development of mechanism-based non-invasive biomarkers in addition to safety and efficacy in more clinically relevant animal models.
3D mapping of the dense interstellar gas around the Local Bubble

We present intermediate results from a long-term program of mapping the neutral absorption characteristics of the local interstellar medium, motivated by the availability of accurate and consistent parallaxes from the Hipparcos satellite. Equivalent widths of the interstellar NaI D-line doublet at 5890 A are presented for the lines-of-sight towards some 311 new target stars lying within ∼350 pc of the Sun. Using these data, together with NaI absorption measurements towards a fur- ther ∼240 nearby targets published in the literature (for many of them, in the directions of molecular clouds), and the ∼450 lines- of-sight already presented by (Sfeir et al. 1999), we show 3D absorption maps of the local distribution of neutral gas towards 1005 sight-lines with Hipparcos distances as viewed from a variety of different galactic projections. The data are synthesized by means of two complementary methods, (i) by mapping of iso-equivalent width contours, and (ii) by density distribution calculation from the inversion of column-densities, a method devised by Vergely et al. (2001). Our present data confirms the view that the local cavity is deficient in cold and neutral interstellar gas. The closest dense and cold gas "wall", in the first quadrant, is at ∼55-60 pc. There are a few isolated clouds at closer distance, if the detected absorption is not produced by circumstellar material. The maps reveal narrow or wide "interstellar tunnels" which connect the Local Bubble to surrounding cavities, as predicted by the model of Cox & Smith (1974). In particular, one of these tunnels, defined by stars at 300 to 600 pc from the Sun showing negligible sodium absorption, connects the well known CMa void (Gry et al. 1985), which is part of the Local Bubble, with the supershell GSH 238+00+09 (Heiles 1998). High latitude lines-of-sight with the smallest absorption are found in two "chimneys", whose directions are perpendicular to the Gould belt plane. The maps show that the Local Bubble is "squeezed" by surrounding shells in a complicated pattern and suggest that its pressure is smaller than in those expanding regions. We discuss the locations of several HI and molecular clouds. Using comparisons between NaI and HI or CO velocities, in some cases we are able to improve the constraints on their distances. According to the velocity criteria, MBM 33−37, MBM 16−18, UT 3−7, and MBM 54−55 are closer than ∼100 pc, and MBM 40 is closer than 80 pc. Dense HI clouds are seen at less than 90 pc and 85 pc in the directions of the MBM 12 and MBM 41−43 clouds respectively, but the molecular clouds themselves may be far beyond. The above closest molecular clouds are located at the neutral boundary of the Bubble. Only one translucent cloud, G192−67, is clearly embedded within the LB and well isolated. These maps of the distribution of local neutral interstellar NaI gas are also briefly compared with the distribution of both interstellar dust and neutral HI gas within 300 pc.
Effect and application of vitamin C on Immune function during the COVID-19 pandemic

To present a fresh idea for the COVID-19 treatment, the vitamin C influence on the immunity of the novel coronavirus was studied, by browsing through the pertinent literature. Using keywords such as "vitamin C", "COVID-19", "nutrition" and "immunity", Chinese and English searches were conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, Wanfang Medical, and other databases to analyze and summarize the vitamin C immune effect on the epidemic situation of COVID-19. In the treatment of COVID-19 patients, it could be concluded that vitamin C could have a certain positive influence, but the specific mechanism, the best use time, and the correct dose still need to be studied
Evidence of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Transmission from Subclinically Infected Cattle by Stomoxys calcitrans

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is a vector-transmitted capripox virus that causes disease in cattle. Stomoxys calcitrans flies are considered to be important vectors as they are able to transmit viruses from cattle with the typical LSDV skin nodules to naive cattle. No conclusive data are, however, available concerning the role of subclinically or preclinically infected cattle in virus transmission. Therefore, an in vivo transmission study with 13 donors, experimentally inoculated with LSDV, and 13 naïve acceptor bulls was performed whereby S. calcitrans flies were fed on either subclinical- or preclinical-infected donor animals. Transmission of LSDV from subclinical donors showing proof of productive virus replication but without formation of skin nodules was demonstrated in two out of five acceptor animals, while no transmission was seen from preclinical donors that developed nodules after Stomoxys calcitrans flies had fed. Interestingly, one of the acceptor animals which became infected developed a subclinical form of the disease. Our results show that subclinical animals can contribute to virus transmission. Therefore, stamping out only clinically diseased LSDV-infected cattle could be insufficient to completely halt the spread and control of the disease.
Testing for the Benford Property

Benford’s Law says that many naturally occurring sets of observations follow a certain logarithmic law. Relative frequencies of the first significant digits k are log(1 + 1/k) for k = 1, 2, . , 9, where the base of the logarithm is ten. Financial and other auditors routinely check data sets against this law in order to investigate for fraud. We present the principal underlying mechanism that produces sets of numbers with the Benford property. Examples in which each observation consists of a product of variables are given. Two standard statistical tests that are useful for testing compliance with Benford’s Law are outlined. A new Minitab macro, which implements both statistical tests and produces a graphical output, is presented. 10 Copyright © SIAM Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited