Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Family resilience and its predictors among patients with a first-ever stroke one month after stroke: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Background Understanding post-stroke family resilience would be helpful for healthcare professionals in planning interventions to facilitate family adaptation following stroke onset. Objective To investigate the level of family resilience and its predictors among patients with the first stroke. Design An explorative cross-sectional study. Methods The study was conducted on 288 first stroke patients recruited from 7 tertiary hospitals in China between July 2020 and October 2020, and they were followed up one month after stroke. Data were collected using the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire, Self-efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-item Scale, shortened Chinese version of Family Resilience Assessment Scale, and the Social Support Rating Scale. The predictive variables of family resilience were investigated using hierarchical regression analyses. Results A total of 255 patients finished the survey with a response rate of 88.5%. The mean score of family resilience was 96.19 (SD = 9.87), highest in the dimension of maintaining a positive outlook and lowest in utilizing social resources. Patient subjective support (β = 0.22, P = 0.004), social support utilization (β = 0.13, P = 0.027), self-efficacy for managing disease (β = 0.27, P < 0.001), marriage status (divorced vs married)(β=-0.18, P = 0.002), and caregivers’ relationship with patients (siblings vs spouse)(β=-0.18, P = 0.002) were predictors of family resilience. Conclusion Family resilience was low among stroke patients one month after the onset. Special attention should be paid to families of patients who were divorced, cared for by siblings, or have low social support or self-efficacy in managing stroke. Further research on family-based interventions may focus on increasing patient social support and promoting their self-efficacy in managing stroke.
Profiles of the λ6196 and λ6379 Diffuse Interstellar Bands

We have looked for rotational structure in the sharp λ6196 and λ6379 diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) at a resolution ~120,000 in seven stars where the interstellar λ7699 K I line is unresolved. The λ6196 DIB is bell-shaped with a flat core and differs slightly in width from star to star. It is accompanied by a weak DIB at λ6194. 7, with which it does not maintain a constant depth ratio. The λ6379 DIB is asymmetric with a sharp double core, but the profile hardly varies between the stars apart from being undetectable for HD 37061. Weak features connect it to the weaker λ6376 DIB, with which it varies in unison. Simple rotational models do not fit the observed profiles of λ6196 and λ6376 at all well because of more prominent branch structure in the models. We achieve an acceptable fit by arbitrarily convolving the modeled profiles with Gaussians (0.2 to 0.3 cm-1). The Gaussians correspond to an unexpected or anomalous broadening process that cannot be explained by the interstellar velocity distribution or the instrumental point-spread function. The fits give upper limits to the ratio of the rotational temperature to the moment of inertia of the molecular carriers. If the former lies in the range 10-100 K, then the molecules must be large, with moments of inertia comparable with that of the fullerene C60. We present evidence that the anomalous broadening of the rotational profiles is intramolecular in origin, but it is not easily explained by broadening processes previously invoked in connection with the DIBs. We suggest that some other process such as a zero-point vibrational isotope shift may be involved that could be characteristic of many of the narrow bands.
Proinflammatory Diets and Risk of ESKD in US Adults with CKD

Key Points The association between a proinflammatory diet and kidney failure with replacement therapy is strongly mediated by systemic inflammation. Inflammation seems to be a reasonable target for potential preventive and therapeutic interventions in patients with CKD. Visual Abstract Background Inflammation may affect long-term kidney function. Diet may play a role in chronic inflammation. We hypothesized that proinflammatory diets increase the risk of progression to kidney failure with replacement therapy (KFRT), and systemic inflammation is a mediator of the effect of diet on progression to KFRT. Methods In the 1988–1994 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey linked to the national ESKD registry, in adults with CKD (eGFR 15–59 ml/min per 1.73 m2), aged ≥20 years, we calculated the Adapted Dietary Inflammatory Index (ADII) at baseline from a 24-hour dietary recall and an inflammation score (IS) using average of z scores of four inflammation biomarkers. We explored the association of the ADII and IS with risk of incident KFRT using Cox proportional model, adjusting for sociodemographics, physical activity, Framingham risk score, eGFR, and urinary ACR. We evaluated whether, and to what extent, IS mediated the effect of the ADII on KFRT incidence, using causal mediation analysis. Results Of 1084 adults with CKD, 109 (10%) developed KFRT. The ADII was associated with increased risk of KFRT (relative hazard [RH] per SD increase (2.56): 1.4 [1.04–1.78]). IS was also associated with KFRT (RH: 1.12; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.25). Approximately 36% of the association between the ADII and KFRT was explained by IS. Conclusions Among adults with CKD, a proinflammatory diet was associated with risk of KFRT, and that association was partially explained by an increase in inflammatory markers. Dietary interventions that reduce inflammation may offer an approach for preventing KFRT.
Multifractal Nonlinearity Moderates Feedforward and Feedback Responses to Suprapostural Perturbations

An adaptive response to unexpected perturbations requires near-term and long-term adjustments over time. We used multifractal analysis to test how nonlinear interactions across timescales might support an adaptive response following an unpredictable perturbation. We reanalyzed torque data from 44 young and 24 older adults who performed a single-leg squat task challenged by an unexpected mechanical perturbation and a secondary visual-cognitive task. We report three findings: (a) multifractal nonlinearity interacted with pre-perturbation torque production and task error to presage greater pre-voluntary feedforward increases and greater voluntary reductions, respectively, in post-perturbation task error; (b) multifractal nonlinearity presaged relatively smaller task error than standard deviations of both pre-perturbation torques and pre-perturbation task error; and (c) increased task demand (e.g., age-related changes in dexterity and dual-task settings) led to multifractal nonlinearity presaging reduced task error. All these results were consistent with our expectations, except that a pre-perturbation knee torque-dependent increase in post-perturbation task error appeared later for older than for younger participants. This correlational multifractal modeling offered theoretical clarity on the possible roles of nonlinear interactions across timescales, moderating both feedforward and feedback processes, and presaging greater stability when the standard deviation is relatively large and task demands are strong. Thus, multifractal nonlinearity usefully describes movement variability even when paired with classical descriptors like the standard deviation. We discuss potential insights from these findings for understanding suprapostural dexterity and developing rehabilitative interventions.
Lie Ideals and Jordan Triple Derivations in Rings

In this paper we prove that on a 2 -torsion free semiprime ring R every Jordan triple ( (cid:11);(cid:12) ) -derivation (resp. generalized Jordan triple ( (cid:11);(cid:12) ) derivation) on Lie ideal L is an ( (cid:11);(cid:12) ) -derivation on L (resp. generalized ( (cid:11);(cid:12) ) - derivation on L )
The Definition-Dependent Nature of Myopia Prevalence: A Nationwide Study of 1.5 Million Adolescents

ABSTRACT Purpose The application of myopia definition varies considerably within the literature. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between different myopia and high myopia definitions and resultant prevalence estimates. Methods A population-based cross-sectional study of 1,588,508 Israeli adolescents assessed for medical fitness before mandatory military service at the age of 17 years between 1993 through 2015. Participants underwent non-cycloplegic autorefraction. Nine definitions of myopia and seven definitions of high myopia were examined. Prevalence estimates for each definition were calculated and compared with the reference definition (right eye spherical equivalent (SE)≤-0.50D and ≤-6.00D for myopia and high myopia, respectively), to yield a rate ratio (RR) across definitions. Results Applying the right eye SE≤-0.50D reference definition yielded 31.0% myopia prevalence. While some definitions resulted in similar prevalence estimates, using the right eye SE of ≤-0.75D; ≤-1.00D or least minus meridian of ≤-0.75D definitions yielded 28.8%, 26.3%, and 26.9% myopia prevalence, respectively, which corresponded to a 7.1%, 15.1% and 13.4% reduction in myopia RR, respectively. The prevalence of high myopia demonstrated considerable alternations, with a 1.7-fold increase in prevalence for the narrower threshold of SE≤-5.00D compared with SE≤-6.00D reference definition (4.2% and 2.4%, respectively). Conclusions The prevalence of myopia and especially high myopia varies between frequently applied definitions, considering diverse thresholds, eye lateralization, and spherical vs. astigmatic refractive components. This variability highlights the pressing need for standardization of myopia definition in ophthalmic research. The results of this study provide crude estimates of a “conversion rate” across data, allowing comparisons between studies that utilize different myopia definitions.
Interactions between the aging brain and motor task complexity across the lifespan: balancing brain activity resource demand and supply

Abstract The Compensation Related Utilization of Neural Circuits Hypothesis (CRUNCH) proposes a framework for understanding task-related brain activity changes as a function of healthy aging and task complexity. Specifically, it affords the following predictions: (i) all adult age groups display more brain activation with increases in task complexity, (ii) older adults show more brain activation compared with younger adults at low task complexity levels, and (iii) disproportionately increase brain activation with increased task complexity, but (iv) show smaller (or no) increases in brain activation at the highest complexity levels. To test these hypotheses, performance on a bimanual tracking task at 4 complexity levels and associated brain activation were assessed in 3 age groups (20–40, 40–60, and 60–80 years, n = 99). All age groups showed decreased tracking accuracy and increased brain activation with increased task complexity, with larger performance decrements and activation increases in the older age groups. Older adults exhibited increased brain activation at a lower complexity level, but not the predicted failure to further increase brain activity at the highest complexity level. We conclude that older adults show more brain activation than younger adults and preserve the capacity to deploy increased neural resources as a function of task demand.
Long-Term Fertility Function Sequelae in Young Male Cancer Survivors

With advances in cancer treatment, such as cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy, grave new sequelae of treatment have emerged for young cancer survivors. One sequela that cannot be overlooked is male infertility, with reportedly 15% to 30% of cancer survivors losing their fertility potential. Cytotoxic therapy influences spermatogenesis at least temporarily, and in some cases, permanently. The degree of spermatogenesis impairment depends on the combination of drugs used, their cumulative dose, and the level of radiation. The American Society of Clinical Oncology has created an index to classify the risks to fertility based on treatment. Medical professionals currently use this risk classification in fertility preservation (FP) programs. FP programs are currently being promoted to prevent spermatogenesis failure resulting from cancer treatment. For patients who are able to ejaculate and whose semen contains sperm, the semen (sperm) is cryopreserved. Moreover, for patients who lack the ability to ejaculate, those with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia, and those who have not attained puberty (i.e., spermatogenesis has not begun), testicular biopsy is performed to collect the sperm or germ cells and cryopreserve them. This method of culturing germ cells to differentiate the sperm has been successful in some animal models, but not in humans. FP has recently gained popularity; however, some oncologists and medical professionals involved in cancer treatment still lack adequate knowledge of these procedures. This hinders the dissemination of information to patients and the execution of FP. Information sharing and collaboration between reproductive medicine specialists and oncologists is extremely important for the development of FP. In Japan, the network of clinics and hospitals that support FP is expanding across prefectures.
Small-amplitude defocusing nematicons

Using a perturbation theory based on multiple scales analysis we obtain small amplitude nematicon structures in the defocusing (normal dispersion) regime. The nonlocal equations that describe light propagation through a liquid crystal are reduced to a Korteweg? de Vries (KdV) equation. As such, it is found that under certain conditions there exist dark and anti-dark (small amplitude) nematicons; the criterion is the sign of a constant quantity that relates to the physical parameters of the system. The amplitudes, velocities and phases of these pulses are obtained in closed form and are closely related to the soliton solution of the related KdV equation.
How widespread and convenient H. pylori susceptibility testing will result in pharmacological opportunities

ABSTRACT Introduction Until recently, antimicrobial therapy for Helicobacter pylori infections was almost universally empirical and based on a combination of expert opinion and local effectiveness. However, the new requirement that all therapeutic regimens reliably achieve high cure rates, the introduction of potassium competitive acid blockers and the availability of susceptibility testing many pharmacological opportunities particularly since all current therapies will require optimization. The ability to rapidly and inexpensively obtain H. pylori susceptibility data using stool samples makes obtaining susceptibility data practical and allows using susceptibility-based therapy routinely for both treatment-naïve patient and treatment failures. Areas covered We searched the literature from 1990 to current to identify studies reporting the effect of susceptibility testing on H. pylori treatment. This review examines how widespread and convenient H. pylori susceptibility testing will result in pharmacological opportunities. Many pharmacological opportunities will emanate from a renewal of efforts to develop, propagate, confirm, and update best practices based on local and regional susceptibility/resistance patterns. Expert opinion The ability to evaluate treatment decisions and outcomes in susceptible infections and reliably achieve high cure rates should foster precise tailoring of pharmacologic therapy and should achieve the goals of high cure rates while preventing antimicrobial misuse and extending the useful life of current antibiotics.
Regulatory T-cells in asthma

Purpose of review This review addresses recent progress in our understanding of the role of regulatory T (Treg) cells in enforcing immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis in the lung at steady state and in directing the immune response in asthmatic lung inflammation. Recent findings Regulatory T cells regulate the innate and adaptive immune responses at steady state to enforce immune tolerance in lung tissues at steady state and their control of the allergic inflammatory responses induced by allergens. This regulatory function can break down in the context of chronic asthmatic airway inflammation such that the lung tissue Treg cells become skewed towards a pathogenic phenotype that aggravates and perpetuates disease. Subversion of lung tissue Treg cell function involves their upregulation of Notch4 expression, which in turn acts to amplify T helper type 2 and type 17 and innate lymphoid cell type 2 responses in the airways. Summary A dual role for Treg cells has emerged both as immune regulators but also a potential disease effectors in asthma, with implications for disease therapy.
Linear Stability of Viscous Roll Waves

The purpose of this paper is to study the linear stability of “viscous” roll waves. These are periodic continuous traveling waves solutions of viscous perturbations of inhomogeneous hyperbolic systems. We first study the scalar case for the Burgers equation and for an inhomogeneous hyperbolic equation. Then we analyze the stability of roll waves, solutions of the shallow water equations with a real viscosity. In both cases, we first analyze the Evans function and compute an asymptotic expansion in the low frequency regime. Under a strong spectral stability condition, we prove the linear stability of viscous roll waves, solutions of the Saint Venant equations, with pointwise estimates on the Green functions.
Enhancement of chlorhexidine activity against planktonic and biofilm forms of oral streptococci by two Croton spp. essential oils from the Caatinga biome

Abstract This work investigates the ability of two Croton spp. essential oils (EO) to enhance chlorhexidine (CHX) activity against oral streptococci. EO’s chemical composition of Croton argyrophyllus and C. pluriglandulosus was determined by GC-MS/FID. The microbial growth kinetics and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EOs and CHX were determined, followed by their synergism against S. mutans UA159 and ATCC 25175, S. salivarius ATCC 7073 and S. sp. ATCC 15300. The microplate-based method was used to determine the EO/CHX activity against 24-h-old biofilms. The major compounds were α-pinene (54.74%) and bicyclogermacrene (16.08%) for EOAr and 1,8-cineole (17.41%), methyleugenol (16.06%) and elemicin (15.99%) for EOPg. Both EO had MIC around 16,000 µg/mL. EOs/CHX presented a synergistic effect against most strains (FICi from 0.133 to 0.375), and OE/CHX-treated biofilms showed a reduction in biomass and cell viability compared to CHX, only (p < 0.01). Thus, the EOs works as natural adjuvants for CHX.
Compressible turbulent channel flows: DNS results and modelling

The present paper addresses some topical issues in modelling compressible turbulent shear flows. The work is based on direct numerical simulation (DNS) of two supersonic fully developed channel flows between very cold isothermal walls. Detailed decomposition and analysis of terms appearing in the mean momentum and energy equations are presented. The simulation results are used to provide insights into differences between conventional Reynolds and Favre averaging of the mean-flow and turbulent quantities. Study of the turbulence energy budget for the two cases shows that compressibility effects due to turbulent density and pressure fluctuations are insignificant. In particular, the dilatational dissipation and the mean product of the pressure and dilatation fluctuations are very small, contrary to the results of simulations for sheared homogeneous compressible turbulence and to recent proposals for models for general compressible turbulent flows. This provides a possible explanation of why the Van Driest density-weighted transformation (which ignores any true turbulent compressibility effects) is so successful in correlating compressible boundary-layer data. Finally, it is found that the DNS data do not support the strong Reynolds analogy. A more general representation of the analogy is analysed and shown to match the DNS data very well.
Steady thermocapillary flows of thin liquid layers. II. Experiment

The steady thermocapillary flow of nonvolatile layers, nonuniformly heated from below, is examined. The interactions among viscous forces, thermocapillarity, and hydrostatic effects give rise to the steady‐state dimpling of the interface. The steady dimpling of nonuniformly heated silicone–oil layers with mean thicknesses ranging from 0.125 to 1.684 mm is studied experimentally. The temperature distribution in the substrate is monitored by thermocouples and the interface shapes by a mechanical impedance probe. Measured steady shapes and theoretical predictions agree within 20% for moderate heating when the film is not close to rupture. When the heating rate causes the film to ‘‘dry out’’ above the hottest point on the substrate, the long‐wave theory delivers a parametric index, involving thermocapillary and hydrostatic effects, which is an excellent predictor of rupture. Nonlinear long‐wave theories of the type discussed here have never been tested experimentally, until now. The confirmation of this therm.
Value of pre-licensure interprofessional education on post-licensure interprofessional collaboration: Perceptions and experiences of practicing professionals

ABSTRACT Interprofessional education (IPE) allows students in health professional programs to practice providing collaborative patient care before graduating. Understanding the perceptions and experiences of health care professionals’ IPE received prior to entering the workforce is key for improving IPE programs. This study investigated participants’ post-licensure interprofessional collaboration (IPC) experiences, how IPE helped prepare them for IPC post-licensure, their perceptions of the IPE they received as students, and their suggestions for improving IPE. This qualitative descriptive study included 20 healthcare workers from seven professions who graduated from two of three co-located post-secondary educational institutions. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, which were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Inductive thematic analysis revealed five themes and six sub-themes: (a) Quality of care; (b) Role clarification; (c) Interpersonal skills (sub-themes: communication and self-confidence); (d) Co-location; and (e) Need for IPE improvements (sub-themes: additional IPE exposures, shadowing experiences, mandatory IPE, and informal peer learning). These findings appear to reinforce the perception that pre-licensure IPE may support the development of skills for IPC among practicing health professionals.
Critical thickness of ultrathin ferroelectric BaTiO3 films

To investigate the critical thickness of ferroelectric BaTiO3 (BTO) films, we fabricated fully strained SrRuO3∕BTO∕SrRuO3 heterostructures on SrTiO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition with in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction. We varied the BTO layer thickness from 3to30nm. By fabricating 10×10μm2 capacitors, we could observe polarization versus electric-field hysteresis loops, which demonstrate the existence of ferroelectricity in BTO layers thicker than 5nm. This observation provides an experimental upper bound of 5nm for the critical thickness. The BTO thickness-dependent scaling of the remanent polarization agrees with the predictions of recent first-principle simulations [J. Junquera and P. Ghosez, Nature 422, 506 (2003)].