Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recovery of Lignins with Potent Antioxidant Properties from Shells of Edible Nuts by a Green Ball Milling/Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES)-Based Protocol

Lignins are phenolic polymers endowed with potent antioxidant properties that are finding increasing applications in a variety of fields. Consequently, there is a growing need for easily available and sustainable sources, as well as for green extraction methodologies of these compounds. Herein, a ball milling/deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based treatment is reported as an efficient strategy for the recovery of antioxidant lignins from the shells of edible nuts, namely chestnuts, hazelnuts, peanuts, pecan nuts, and pistachios. In particular, preliminarily ball-milled shells were treated with 1:2 mol/mol choline chloride:lactic acid at 120 °C for 24 h, and the extracted material was recovered in 19–27% w/w yields after precipitation by the addition of 0.01 M HCl. Extensive spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis allowed for confirmation that the main phenolic constituents present in the shell extracts were lignins, accompanied by small amounts (0.9% w/w) of ellagic acid, in the case of chestnut shells. The recovered samples exhibited very promising antioxidant properties, particularly in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay (EC50 values ranging from 0.03 to 0.19 mg/mL). These results open new perspectives for the valorization of nut shells as green sources of lignins for applications as antioxidants, e.g., in the biomedical, food, and/or cosmetic sector.
The Numerical Simulation of VLF Chorus and Discrete Emissions Observed on the Geotail Satellite

The work consdiers VLF chorus elements observed omn the Geotail satellite, which passes the equator at 10 earth radii. We have used a VHS Vlasov simulation code to model these emissions, employing all the ambient plasma data observed on Geotail. Excellent agreement with observation results, with steep risers and slow fallers being reproduced. The results confirm the overall validity of the non linear trapping theory of VLF emissions, and also confirm the efficacity of the Vlasov VHS code.
Connectivity Preservation in Distributed Control of Multi-Agent Systems

The problem of designing bounded distributed connectivity preserving control strategies for multi-agent systems is studied in this work. In distributed control of multi-agent systems, each agent is required to measure some variables of other agents, or a subset of them. Such variables include, for example, relative positions, relative velocities, and headings of the neighboring agents. One of the main assumptions in this type of systems is the connectivity of the corresponding network. Therefore, regardless of the overall objective, the designed control laws should preserve the network connectivity, which is usually a distance-dependent condition. The designed controllers should also be bounded because in practice the actuators of the agents can only handle finite forces or torques. This problem is investigated for two cases of single-integrator agents and unicycles, using a novel class of distributed potential functions. The proposed controllers maintain the connectivity of the agents that are initially in the connectivity range. Therefore, if the network is initially connected, it will remain connected at all times. The results are first developed for a static information flow graph, and then extended to the case of dynamic edge addition. Connectivity preservation for problems involving static leaders is covered as well. The potential functions are chosen to be smooth, resulting in bounded control inputs. These functions are subsequently used to develop connectivity preserving controllers for the consensus and containment problems. Collision avoidance is investigated as another relevant problem, where a bounded distributed swarm aggregation strategy with both connectivity preservation and collision avoidance properties is presented. Simulations are provided throughout the work to support the theoretical findings.
Exit selection strategy in pedestrian evacuation simulation with multi-exits

A mixed strategy of the exit selection in a pedestrian evacuation simulation with multi-exits is constructed by fusing the distance-based and time-based strategies through a cognitive coefficient, in order to reduce the evacuation imbalance caused by the asymmetry of exits or pedestrian layout, to find a critical density to distinguish whether the strategy of exit selection takes effect or not, and to analyze the exit selection results with different cognitive coefficients. The strategy of exit selection is embedded in the computation of the shortest estimated distance in a dynamic parameter model, in which the concept of a jam area layer and the procedure of step-by-step expending are introduced. Simulation results indicate the characteristics of evacuation time gradually varying against cognitive coefficient and the effectiveness of reducing evacuation imbalance caused by the asymmetry of pedestrian or exit layout. It is found that there is a critical density to distinguish whether a pedestrian jam occurs in the evacuation and whether an exit selection strategy is in effect. It is also shown that the strategy of exit selection has no effect on the evacuation process in the no-effect phase with a low density, and that evacuation time and exit selection are dependent on the cognitive coefficient and pedestrian initial density in the in-effect phase with a high density.
The role of protostellar jets in star formation and the evolution of the early solar system: Astrophysical and meteoritical perspectives

Abstract– The rock record from the early solar system indicates high‐temperature thermal processing sufficient to melt refractory oxides and silicates. The astrophysical context for the formation and evolution of our solar system, from a molecular cloud to a “clean” planetary system, is difficult to constrain tightly because of the large scales and lack of resolution of astronomical observations. Protostellar jets and winds, commonly associated with forming stars, are likely to play a role in heating and redistribution of the processed material in the solar system. We have recently proposed that disk‐winds can cause melting of small inclusions to distances out to several AU. Particularly energetic outbursts, such as the FU‐Orionis and EXor events, occur over relatively short time scales (approximately 100 and 1 yr, respectively), and are probably events related to formation of the refractory solids present in primitive meteorites.
Association of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width with Stroke Prognosis Among Patients with Small Artery Occlusion: A Hospital-Based Prospective Follow-Up Study

Objective Stroke is the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. However, there is no study on the relationship between red blood cell distribution width and the prognosis of small artery occlusion, which is a stroke subtype. This study aimed to assess the association of red blood cell distribution width at admission with outcomes among patients with small artery occlusion. Methods In this hospital-based follow-up study, all included patients were diagnosed with small artery occlusion. Outcomes included death, recurrence, and dependency at 3, 12, and 36 months after stroke onset. Multivariate analysis was performed to explore the association of red blood cell distribution width with stroke outcomes. Results This study included 1576 patients with small artery occlusion who were followed up at 3, 12, and 36 months. For every unit increase in red blood cell distribution width, the risk of stroke recurrence and dependency increased by 5.1% (95% CI 1.002–1.102, P=0.039) at 3 months after stroke onset. At the 12-month follow-up, for every unit increase in red blood cell distribution width, the risk of stroke recurrence increased by 3.4% (95% CI 1.000–1.069, P=0.047). However, the relationship between red blood cell distribution width and mortality rate was not significant at 36 months after stroke onset after adjustment of covariates. Conclusion Red blood cell distribution width is an important hematological index of small artery occlusion. It may be used to predict the recurrence of acute ischemic stroke in small artery occlusion. Therefore, patients with higher baseline values of red blood cell distribution width may need more risk factor control to reduce recurrence and dependency.
Addendum: "The number of winners in a discrete geometrically distributed sample"

round of the game, that is, the ‘‘winners’’ of the game. In 1 the probability distribution of X, the expectation E X of X and the asymptotic behavior of 4 . P X s 1 probability of a single winner for n “ ‘ were to be determined. In w x the solution 2 it was remarked that}surprisingly}this probability does not converge as n “ ‘ but rather has an oscillating behavior. At the same w x time, Eisenberg, Stengle and Strang 5 discussed this problem and related topics, exhibiting the structure of the periodic fluctuation, for which an explicit Fourier expansion was given. Also about this time, Brands, Steutel w x and Wilms 4 came independently to roughly the same results. A recent w x paper by Baryshnikov, Eisenberg and Stengle 3 deals with the existence of the limiting probability of a tie for first place. In fact, a fluctuating behavior in asymptotic expansions is not at all uncommon. There are numerous results of that type, for example, in the w x w x analysis of divide-and-conquer recursions 7, 8, 16 or digital sums 6 , that play a prominent role in the probabilistic analysis of algorithms. Our aim in this paper is to some extent tutorial: the asymptotic technique that yields the Fourier expansions of the fluctuating functions very comfortw x. ably is called ‘‘Rice’s method’’ see the recent survey 9 . In order to convince the reader of the advantages of this method, we will rederive a result on the initially mentioned problem in the sequel, and afterwards present some new results concerning higher moments of distribution as well as the number of . persons reaching a specified level beyond the winner s .
Terrace Width Variations in Complex Mercurian Craters, and the Transient Strength of Cratered Mercurian and Lunar Crust

Widths of slump terraces of complex craters can be used to determine the effective cohesion of the cratered region during crater collapse. We have measured terrace widths for complex craters on Mercury: these generally increase outward toward the rim for a given crater, and the width of the outermost major terrace is generally an increasing function of crater diameter. Similar observations apply to lunar complex craters, but the widths of the outermost slump terraces of Mercurian complex craters are less than those of similarly sized lunar complex craters. Using the terrace widths on Mercury and a gravity-driven slump model, we estimate the strength of the cratered region immediately after impact (specifically, during the modification stage of crater formation) to be ∼1–2 MPa. Comparison with the previous study of lunar complex craters by Pearce and Melosh indicates that the transient strength of cratered Mercurian crust is no greater than that of the Moon. The strength estimates only vary slightly with the geometric model used to restore the outermost major terrace to its precollapse configuration and are consistent with independent strength estimates from the simple-to-complex crater depth/diameter transition, in particular, the most recent depth/diameter study of Mercurian craters by Pike. Thus, contrary to previous work, the difference in “target properties” between Mercury and the Moon may be small, and systematic morphological differences between craters on the two worlds may be largely caused by the factor of 2 difference in surface gravity.
Clinicopathological Significances and Prognostic Role of Intratumoral Budding in Colorectal Cancers

Background: This study aims to evaluate the clinicopathological significance and prognostic implications of intratumoral budding (ITB) in colorectal cancers (CRCs) through a meta-analysis. Methods: We performed the meta-analysis using 13 eligible studies and investigated the rates of CRCs with high ITB. The correlation between ITB and clinicopathological characteristics, including disease-free survival, was evaluated. Results: The estimated rate of CRCs with high ITB was 0.233 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.177–0.299) in overall CRCs. High ITB was significantly correlated with tumor grade, lymphatic invasion, perineural invasion, pT stage, and lymph node metastasis. In addition, ITBs were more frequently found in medullary and signet-ring cell carcinomas than in conventional adenocarcinomas and mucinous carcinomas. However, the high ITB rate was not correlated with tumor border, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, or microsatellite instability. CRCs with a good response after neoadjuvant therapy revealed a lower rate of high ITB than those with a poor response (hazard ratio (HR) 0.114, 95% CI 0.070–0.179 vs. 0.321, 95% CI 0.204–0.467). In addition, CRCs with high ITB had a worse disease-free survival than those with low ITB (HR 1.426, 95% CI 1.092–1.863). Conclusions: The ITB was significantly correlated with aggressive tumor behaviors and a worse prognosis in CRCs. The detection of ITB, as a histological parameter, can be useful for predicting clinicopathologic features and the prognosis of CRC.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MILK PRODUCTION IN ALWAR DISTRICT OF RAJASTHAN

An attempt has been made in this study to compare the cost and returns from milk production across members and non-members of dairy cooperative societies in Alwar District of Rajasthan during the year 2005–06. The study covered 75 cooperative member milk producers and 75 non-member milk producers. The results of the study revealed that the net cost of maintaining a buffalo was relatively higher in case of member group (Rs.47.99 per day) as compared to non-member group (Rs.44.22 per day), while corresponding figures for maintaining a cow were Rs.38. 42 and Rs.36. 56 respectively. The net maintenance cost was found to decrease with the increase in herd size categories in both member and non-member groups. The per litre cost of buffalo milk production was worked out to be Rs.11. 43 and Rs.11. 76 for member and non-member groups, respectively. The corresponding figures for cow milk production were Rs.10. 20 and Rs.10. 50, respectively. The net income of buffalo per day was relatively higher in case of member group (Rs.7.38) compared to non-member group (Rs.2.70), while corresponding figures for maintaining a cow was Rs. 5.37 and Rs. 1.82.
Neural Network-Based Subduction Ground Motion Model and Its Application to New Zealand and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands

ABSTRACT A deep learning model is developed for the Next Generation Attenuation – Subduction database for predicting spectral accelerations and peak amplitude measures. The developed model satisfies the statistical criteria necessary for prediction. Standard deviations lie in 0.2864–0.3809, 0–0.2696, and 0.4514–0.7892, range for inter-event, -region, and intra-events, respectively. Transfer learning is applied to the New Zealand region. Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis is performed for the Andaman-Nicobar region and obtained a peak ground acceleration of 0.6–0.7 g and 0.4–0.5 g at the Andaman and the Nicobar Islands, respectively, for a 2475-year return period.
SIMS Zircon U-Pb Ages and O Isotope Compositions of Gabbro from the Laguoco Ophiolite from Western Shiquanhe–Yonzhu Suture Zone (Tibet) and Their Geological Significance

The Shiquanhe–Laguoco–Yongzhu–Jiali ophiolite mélange belt in Tibet includes the Laguoco Tso ophiolite as part of its western segment. Researchers studying the evolution of the Tibetan Plateau and the Tethys have taken a keen interest in the debated relationship between this ophiolite belt and the Bangong–Nujiang ophiolite belt. However, there is little research in this field. This study reports the rock geochemistry, SIMS (the secondary ion mass spectrometry) zircon U-Pb ages, and O isotope compositions of gabbro from the Laguoco ophiolite. Gabbro has substantial depletion in HFSEs (the high field strength elements) such as Th, Nb, Zr, and Hf, as well as exhibits comparatively high Mg# (80.6 on average), and low K, N, P, and Ti contents. Therefore, it was possibly formed in an intra oceanic subduction island arc environment originating from ~30% partial melting of the depleted spinel lherzolite. The SIMS zircon U-Pb ages of the gabbro samples are 187 ± 1.2 Ma and 189 ± 2.1 Ma, and the weighted averages of δ18O are 5.24‰ ± 0.12‰ and 5.34‰ ± 0.13‰, which are close to mantle-derived zircon δ18O (5.3‰ ± 0.3‰). These results suggest that during the Early Jurassic, the Laguoco ophiolite recorded the intra oceanic subduction of the northern branch of the Neo-Tethys.
Sparsity prior for electrical impedance tomography with partial data

This paper focuses on prior information for improved sparsity reconstruction in electrical impedance tomography with partial data, i.e. Cauchy data measured on subsets of the boundary. Sparsity is enforced using an norm of the basis coefficients as the penalty term in a Tikhonov functional, and prior information is incorporated by applying a spatially distributed regularization parameter. The resulting optimization problem allows great flexibility with respect to the choice of measurement subsets of the boundary and incorporation of prior knowledge. In fact, the measurement subsets can be chosen completely arbitrary. The problem is solved using a generalized conditional gradient method applying soft thresholding. Numerical examples with noisy simulated data show that the addition of prior information in the proposed algorithm gives vastly improved reconstructions, even for the partial data problem. Moreover, numerical examples show that a reliable reconstruction for the partial data problem can only be found close to the measurement subsets. The method is in addition compared to a total variation approach.
Assessment of factors and interventions towards therapeutic adherence among persons with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis

Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) is a highly prevalent chronic respiratory disease with substantial burden to both patients and healthcare systems. Persons with NCFB (pwNCFB) are often given complex acute and chronic treatment regimens consisting of medications, airway clearance techniques and exercise. Accordingly, the high burden in NCFB has contributed to lower therapy adherence, with estimates of 53% to medications, 41% to airway clearance and only 16% to all prescribed therapy. Consequent clinical outcomes from lower adherence include reduced quality of life, accelerated lung function decline and recurrent pulmonary exacerbations. In this narrative review, we explore the impact of multifactorial mechanisms underpinning adherence in NCFB and evaluate the available evidence towards interventions to improve uptake of therapy as demonstrated in other chronic respiratory diseases. A holistic approach, starting with a careful review of patient adherence at regular intervals, may increase the success of multidimensional therapeutic interventions in pwNCFB, but robust ongoing studies are an area of need in this population. Adherence to therapy is a complex interplay of multiple factors with significant impact on clinical outcomes. This is the first comprehensive review evaluating the evidence and challenges surrounding such adherence interventions in bronchiectasis. https://bit.ly/3TcvnqX
Infinite size density matrix renormalization group, revisited

I revisit the infinite-size variant of the Density Matrix Renormalization Group (iDMRG) algorithm for obtaining a fixed-point translationally invariant matrix product wavefunction in the context of one-dimensional quantum systems. A crucial ingredient of this algorithm is an efficient transformation for obtaining the matrix elements of the wavefunction as the lattice size is increased, and I introduce here a versatile transformation that is demonstrated to be much more effective than previous versions. The resulting algorithm has a surprisingly close relationship to Vidal's Time Evolving Block Decimation for infinite systems, but allows much faster convergence. Access to a translationally invariant matrix product state allows the calculation of correlation functions based on the transfer matrix, which directly gives the spectrum of all correlation lengths. I also show some advantages of the Matrix Product Operator (MPO) technique for constructing expectation values of higher moments, such as the exact variance $ $.
Williams, Turyshev, and Boggs Reply:

A decreasing gravitational constant, G, coupled with angular momentum conservation is expected to increrase a planetary semimajor axis, a, as \dot a/a=-\dot G/G. Analysis of lunar laser ranging data strongly limits such temporal variations and constrains a local (~1 AU) scale expansion of the solar system as \dot a/a=-\dot G/G =-(4\pm9)\times10^{-13} yr^{-1}, including that due to cosmological effects.
The Mediating Role of Interpersonal Trust in the Relationship between Formality of Performance Evaluation and Managerial Performance: Empirical Evidence from Malaysia

A Performance Measurement System (PMS) for performance evaluation is used primarily for motivation and evaluating employee performance. The mixed findings on behavioural consequences of performance evaluation from previous research suggest further research to examine its effect on individual performance. This research examined the role of interpersonal trust in the design and function of a control system, specifically the formality of a performance evaluation system in emerging economies. Data was gathered using survey questionnaires that were distributed to higher-level executives and managers of Malaysian Government-Linked Companies (GLCs). The research proposed that subordinates’ interpersonal trust may influence the relationship between the formality of a performance evaluationsystem and managerial performance. Using regression analysis, the research revealed that the use of PMS for performance evaluation may influence individual behaviour. The findings confirm the researchers’ expectation that the formality of performance evaluation has a significant influence on interpersonal trust, leading to enhanced managerial performance. There is also evidence of interpersonal trust having a mediating effect between the formality of performance evaluation and managerial performance when tested using the Sobel Test. These findings provide evidence that PMS as a formal performance evaluation may enhance trust, which is significant for improving individual performance. Keywords: formality of performance evaluation, interpersonal trust, managerial performance
Inner radiation belt particle acceleration and energy structuring by drift resonance with ULF waves during geomagnetic storms

Geomagnetic storms are frequently associated with the formation of multiple bands of energetic electrons inside the inner radiation belt at L = 1.1–1.9 and with prominent energy structures of protons inside the slot region at L = 2.2–3.5. These structures typically from 100 keV up to the MeV range result from coherent interactions of energetic particles with quasi‐monochromatic ultra‐low frequency (ULF) waves. These waves are induced by magnetospheric changes due to the arrival of dense solar material and related nightside injections of particles from the outer magnetosphere that destabilize field lines in the inner magnetosphere down to L = 1.1. Using low‐altitude data from the polar orbiting Demeter spacecraft, we perform case and statistical studies of these structures. We show that with such a spacecraft, these structures are best seen near the South Atlantic Anomaly because of lowering of the belt particle mirror point. As evidenced from ground measurements, energy bands are associated with quasi‐sinusoidal ULF Pc5 and Pc4 waves with periods in the 1000 s range for L = 1.1–1.9 and in the 60 s range for L = 2.2–3.5. Numerical simulations of the coherent drift resonance of energetic particles with ultra‐low frequency waves show how the particles are accelerated and how the observed structures build up.