Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Blackberry Vinegar Produced By Successive Acetification Cycles: Production, Characterization And Bioactivity Parameters

Blackberry vinegar was produced in successive acetification cycles and content of total phenolics, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity were evaluated along the production. Firstly, blackberry wine was obtained in bench-scale bioreactor, being verified 0.39 g/g ethanol yield, 1.78 g/L.h volumetric productivity and 76% efficiency. After, three successive acetification cycles were conducted efficiently in grapia barrel with average acetic acid production of 51.6 g/L, 72.2 % acetic acid yield and 0.4 g/L.h volumetric productivity. Appreciable contents of polyphenolic compounds, anthocyanins and high antioxidant activity were observed in the raw material, wine and vinegar obtained in each cycle of acetic acid transformation. Acetic acid transformation led the small reduction of antioxidant activity compared to alcoholic fermentation, but the antioxidant potential was maintained along the cycles. The content of total phenolics and anthocyanins also suffered a reduction in step of acetification.
Antimicrobial activity of Piper aduncum leaf extracts against the dental plaque bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis

Piper aduncum has been widely used for medicinal purposes, and it has also been known to possess antimicrobial activity. Dental plaque is a complex ecosystem that harbors benign and pathogenic bacteria. It is desirable that compounds targeted to treat dental plaque-related diseases should be selective in their action, preserving the benign bacteria and inactivating the pathogenic ones. Thus, the study evaluated the antibacterial activity of P. aduncum leaf extracts against cariogenic (Streptococcus mutans) and health-associated (Streptococcus sanguinis) bacterium. For this, ethanol extracts were obtained by decoction, maceration, Soxhlet or turbo-extraction. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts was determined using the broth microdilution method. The influence of extracts on virulence traits of S. mutans was evaluated by the adherence assay to glass surface and by the glycolytic pH drop assay. S. mutans was more susceptible to crude extracts of P. aduncum than S. sanguinis and the highest activity was obtained with the maceration extract (MAC). Thus, MAC was further fractionated by gel permeation chromatography and the most active fraction against S. mutans (MIC of 0.08 mg/mL) had a MIC of 0.62 mg/mL for S. sanguinis. In addition, this fraction inhibited sucrose-dependent adherence of S. mutans and also reduced the level of acid production by this bacterium. The preferential activity of P. aduncum extracts towards S. mutans compared with S. sanguinis, in addition to their ability to inhibit sucrose-dependent adherence and reduce the level of acid production by S. mutans, suggest that this plant may have a potential to prevent dental caries. Key words: Plant extracts, Piper aduncum, antibacterial activity, Streptococcus mutans, caries prevention.
Staphylocoques isolés de produits alimentaires détection des souches entérotoxinogènes par PCR

Une methode par PCR multiples pour la detection des genes codant pour les enterotoxines staphylococciques (ES) A, B, C, D et E est mise au point et testee sur 334 souches de staphylocoques isoles de produits alimentaires. Cinq couples d'amorces specifiques de chaque gene recherche, sont utilises dans deux reactions de PCR multiples distinctes mais dans des conditions d'amplification identiques : une reaction pour les genes des ES A, D et E, une pour les genes des ES B et C. Le protocole retenu est fiable et applicable en routine pour la detection des souches staphylococciques enterotoxinogenes, isolees ou en melange sur milieu selectif. Les souches pour lesquelles la presence des genes d'ES detectee par PCR est mise en evidence, produisent toutes les ES correspondantes.
Analysis of the enzymatic reactions in the conversion of fructose - 6 - phosphate to glycerin

Fructose-6-phosphate aldolase cleavages fructose-6-phophate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone. To produce glycerin from dihydroxyacetone, glycerol dehydrogenase was used. The synthesis of glycerin was started from the very beginning with cell transformation, through heat shock, of Escherichia coli strain adding the plasmid with the gene which codifies the proteins which are needed to carry out the synthesis. Then the production of those proteins and the respective assays with different buffers which are used in the synthesis were carried out and then with assays of the both enzymes to see if they can work together, trying to have the best conditions for both of them. Finally the synthesis to produce glycerin with the chosen conditions was designed and was run.
Morphological features of the distal ileum and ceca of the common pigeon (Columba livia)

Background to the study: Common pigeon (Columba livia) is widely distributed worldwide and feeds mainly on grains or seeds and insects and small invertebrates. Some studies have demonstrated variations in the morphology and function of avian alimentary tract. Methods: Ten apparently healthy adult common pigeons were examined in this study. Following euthanasia, gross and histological techniques were used to investigate the morphology of the distal ileum and ceca of common pigeon. Results: At the ileo-ceco-rectal junction, the tunica muscularis of the distal ileum exhibited a thickened layer of oblique smooth muscle fibers positioned between the middle circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle layers. The ceca of the common pigeon were paired, small (approximately 0.33 cm), blind-ended sacs situated at acute angles with the distal ileum. Histologically, each cecum exhibited a lamina propria-submucosa that contained aggregates of lymphocytes and few glandular acini throughout the length of the organ. Conclusion: It was suggested that the ceca of the common pigeon may be important in immunological response of the bird to invasion by antigens while playing some roles in the digestion of food materials. Moreover, the thickened oblique layer of smooth muscle fibers in the wall of the distal ileum may serve to regulate the passage of materials through the ileo-ceco-rectal orifice.
Trojan Malware Detection using ANN, Naïve Bayes and SVM Machine Learning Algorithms

Trojan malware is one of the most destructive forces in the cyber world that is not easy to detect. In this study, machine learning algorithms namely: Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Naïve Bayes were used to detect computer-based DDoS Trojan malware through network traffic flows. Using the CICDDoS2019 dataset, the Correlation Attribute Evaluation feature in Weka was performed to identify the suitable feature set of the network traffic artifacts for malware detection in a computer system. An ablation feature technique was used in the result to understand the effects of different dataset features on the performance of the models. Moreover, the performance of the models was evaluated using Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F-Metric, Misclassification Rate (FPR), and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). Amongst the machine learning models, the result of the ANN model obtained the highest percentage of correctly classified instances of DDoS Trojan malware. Furthermore, the ANN's model evaluation metrics also showed positive results thus, an indication that the model is suitable for performing DDoS Trojan Malware detection using network traffics. Lastly, the model was also evaluated using Local Interpretable Model - Agnostic Explanations (LiME), and live malware samples were tested.
Fertigation Method Affects Performance of `Lapins' Sweet Cherry on Gisela 5 Rootstock

'Lapins' sweet cherry (Primus avium L.) trees on Gisela 5 (Primus cerasus x Primus cansecens) rootstock were maintained for the first four growing seasons with eight different fertigation treatments. Treatments involved N application at low (42 mg.L -1 ), medium (84 mg.L -1 ), and high (168 mg.L -1 ) concentrations via sprinkler-fertigation of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 each year about 8 weeks after bloom. The medium N treatment was also applied with P fertigation in early spring or with K fertigation in June. Nitrogen was also broadcast in early spring at 75 kg.ha -1 or followed with medium N sprinkler-fertigated postharvest in August. As a final treatment the medium root zone N concentration was maintained for 8 weeks postbloom via drip fertigation. Throughout the study, irrigation was scheduled to meet evaporative demand based on an electronic atmometer. Drip fertigation, which wet a smaller portion of the orchard floor, considerably reduced per-tree water applications. Tree vigor and pruning weights were reduced for drip-fertigated as compared to sprinkler-fertigated trees although cumulative yield was not significantly different during the study. Fruit size, however, was smaller for this treatment when crop load was at a maximum at year 4. Future research is warranted to insure fruit size can be maintained for heavily cropping drip-fertigated trees. Leaf and fruit N increased linearly as N concentration of sprinkler-fertigating solution increased from low to high values. Optimum yield and highest fruit quality were associated with the medium N treatment. Sprinkler fertigation of P and K did not increase leaf and fruit concentration of either nutrient or meaningfully affect tree performance.
Assessment of pallid sturgeon relative condition in the upper channelized Missouri River

ABSTRACT During the spring 2015 sampling efforts on the Missouri River, several adult pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) were captured in a visually emaciated condition. As pallid sturgeon recovery efforts continue throughout the Missouri River, this may negatively impact the local population and hamper recovery. Therefore, the objectives were to (1) assess the annual variation in pallid sturgeon condition, (2) determine how condition varies amongst gender and reproductive status and if condition affects fecundity, (3) determine the annual proportion of reproductive female pallid sturgeon, and (4) test several hypothesized factors which may contribute to variations in pallid sturgeon condition. Overall, the relative condition of pallid sturgeon has significantly declined over the past 12 years, except for the large adult-sized fish (> 840 mm fork length). Pallid sturgeon condition began to decline in 2013 then rapidly declined in 2014 and even more in 2015. The mean annual pallid sturgeon condition reached record lows in 2015. Females had a higher overall Kn compared to males and sexually reproductive fish had a significantly higher Kn for both genders. Overall, 28% of the females captured have been in reproductive condition; however, that frequency appears to be declining with condition. Also, relative condition was not correlated with the number of eggs released by reproductively ready females. Correlation between pallid sturgeon condition and hypothesized variables did not result in any statistically significant relationships that would explain the variations in pallid sturgeon condition. As pallid sturgeon recovery continues throughout the lower Missouri River, concern arises over whether or not the current habitat available and river management can support a viable pallid sturgeon population.
Identification of a host compound and its practical applications: 4-allylanisole as a bark beetle repellent

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of resin collected before and after injection of loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) with a fungicide mixture known to make pines more "attractive" to southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. , resulted in the identification of 4-allylanisole as a likely candidate for repellent effects. The phenylpropanoid, 4-allylanisole (Chemical Abstract 140-67-0), is a compound produced by many conifers, including loblolly pine, an abundant species in southern pine forests and a preferred host of the southern pine beetle. The repellency of 4-allylanisole to southern pine beetle was demonstrated in laboratory behavioral assays and in natural populations by comparing its effects with those of the beetle-produced inhibitory pheromone, verbenone. Responses of other North American scolytids and associates were also determined. Additionally, responses of southern pine beetle to various chemical analogues of 4-allylanisole were tested. The response in the field of southern pine beetle to its attractant pheromone in funnel traps was significantly reduced by simultaneous release of either 4-allylanisole or verbenone, which did not differ from one another in repellency. Both compounds together did not significantly further reduce trap catch. The response of a major predator, Thanasimus dubius (p.), to the attractant pheromone of southern pine beetle did not differ with the simultaneous release of either compound. The results of preliminary field tests with 4-allylanisole, in which lightning-struck pines were protected from southern pine beetle attack, are presented and discussed in relation to implications for development of a practical tree protection tactic.
Secondary successions on abandoned cultivation terraces in calcareous Provence. I: Vegetations and soil

L'evolution des terrasses de culture apres abandon est etudiee a partir d'une etude synchronique dont les deux principaux descripteurs sont la vegetation et le sol. Les trajectoires dynamiques sont mises en evidence a l'aide d'une Analyse Factorielle des Correspondances realisee sur les donnees floristiques. Les changements des descripteurs de la vegetation (richesse specifique, types biologiques, indices dynamiques et types biogeographiques) et des variables pedologiques sont etudies le long des principaux gradients dynamiques de maniere a caracteriser les schemas successionnels. En l'absence de perturbation, les terrasses abandonnees sont rapidement recolonisees par la vegetation suivant une dynamique forestiere. Les caracteristiques des schemas evolutifs sont comparables a celles observees dans differentes etudes sur les successions secondaires
Effect of a novel starter culture and specific ripening conditions on microbiological characteristics of nitrate-free dry-cured pork sausages

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of a ‘formulation of selected dairy starter cultures and commercial probiotics’, associated with ‘specific ripening conditions’ in the production of nitrite and nitrate-free, low-acid, fermented pork sausage, produced in a small-scale plant in Umbria (Italy), and their effect on microbiological, physico-chemical and sensorial properties of the products. The following conditions were investigated throughout the experiment: (i) the use of the ‘formulation of selected dairy starter cultures and commercial probiotics’ vs no starter; (ii) the use of ‘specific ripening conditions’ vs ‘classic ripening conditions’; (iii) the use of nitrate vs nitrite and nitrate-free sausages. Sensory properties were improved and pathogen control was greater in salami to which a ‘formulation of selected dairy starter cultures and commercial probiotics’ had been added, especially under ‘specific ripening conditions’. The proposed formulation, together with the specific ripening conditions, greatly inhibited the growth of undesirable microbiota, reduced the isolation rate of pathogens and preserved the acceptability of the salami.
Abnormal Sporogenesis in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Induced by Short Periods of High Temperature

Plants of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Gabo, grown at 20 °C, were exposed to 30 °C for short periods during the time between the beginning of meiosis in the pollen mother cells and anthesis. Plant water deficit at this temperature was avoided by maintaining a high atmospheric relative humidity and tissue water potential did not change. This temperature treatment applied for 3 days, at the time of reduction division and tetrad break up in the male tissue, lowered grain yield through a drastic reduction in grain set, but was without effect at other stages of development. Grain set was also reduced by exposing plants to 30 °C for 1 day only or to a 30 °C day, 20 °C night (16 h photoperiod) regime for 3 days during the sensitive period. A reduction in grain set did not result in a compensatory increase in the weight of remaining grains. The female fertility of previously heat-stressed plants was assessed by pollinating with pollen from plants grown at a lower temperature (20 °C). Grain set in such plants was less than that in plants grown at the lower temperature and hand pollinated with similar pollen, indicating that female fertility was reduced by high temperature. This was not the sole reason for reduced grain set, however, as some anthers on heat-stressed plants were small and neither extruded nor dehisced normally. Such anthers contained pollen grains that were mostly shrivelled, had abnormal cytoplasm and showed no reaction to 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride. Similar effects were also noted in pollen from apparently normal anthers on heat-stressed plants.
MAXIMIZING RICE PRODUCTIVITY BY ALGALIZATION UNDER WATER DEFICIENCY

Two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm of Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC), Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt, during 2009and 2010 summer seasons to investigate the effect of irrigation intervals,3-days "T1",6days "T2" and 9-days "T3" on three rice cultivars; namely, Giza 177, "V1", Giza 178 "V2" and Sakha 104 "V3" with Algalization (cyanobacteria) rates; namely, control (without Algalization, C0), 1000 g/fed "C1" and 1500 g/fed "C2 ". The data showed that Giza 178 gave the highest values, while, Giza 177 had the lowest for plant height, number of tillers/m and number of roots/hill. Also, Giza 177 had the superiority over the other two cultivars in grain yield and water utilization. This efficiency could be attributed to its higher number of filled grains/panicle, sterility( %) and 1000grain weight. On the other side, the gel consistency and gelatinization temperature of all rice cultivars were soft and low, respectively. Data clarified that increasing irrigation intervals decreased plant height, number of tillers/m2 DMA, panicles length, number of panicles/ m, number of filled gains/panicle, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. However, the opposite was true for sterility percentage and WUE. In addition, rice quality was not significantly affected by irrigation intervals. All growth characters were significantly increased due to Algalization compared to the nonalgalized plots. Also, grain yield, grain yield components, WUE and rice quality were significantly increased due to algalization, compared to the non-algalized plots. Generally, it could be concluded that, from the study, rice might be irrigated every six days and save water without deleterious effects, on its production, under Algalization with cyanobacteria with the rate ranged from 1000 to 1500 g/fed.
OXYGEN DIFFUSION THROUGH THE JELLY CAPSULES OF AMPHIBIAN EGGS

ABSTRACT The jelly capsule of amphibian eggs is an impediment to O2 diffusion to the embryo. This effect can be evaluated with a diffusion equation that relates the rate of O2 uptake (Vo2), Krogh's coefficient of diffusion in jelly (Ko2), the geometry of the capsule which is characterized by its inner and outer radii (r. and ro), and the O2 partial pressure difference across the capsule (ΔPo2). Data for Ko2 are presented to enable calculation of the O2 conductance (Go2) of the capsule from its dimensions. As Vo2 increases during embryonic development, Go2 also increases by swelling of the capsule due to osmotic absorption of water into the perivitelline space; thus, changes in ΔPo2 are minimized. The changes in Go2 appear inexorably linked to the embryonic stage, and cannot be modified during development to adapt to high O2 demand or low ambient Po2. ΔPo2 is very sensitive to changes in ri, but less sensitive to ro. Consequently, failure to absorb enough water into the perivitelline space can result in se.
Heat and drought resistance criteria in spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Morpho-physiological parameters for heat tolerance

This study was aimed at evaluating some morpho-physiological parameters such as stomatal conductance (gs), canopy temperature (CT), canopy temperature depression (CTD) and stay green duration (SGD) in terms of heat tolerance. For this purpose, trials designed according to randomized complete blocks were conducted with twenty-four spring bread wheat genotypes as three replicated in the Research and Application Area of Field Crops Department of Agricultural Faculty of Cukurova University in 2002 to 2003 and 2003 to 2004 growth seasons. The measurements of gs were made at two different dates at heading stage in 2003 to 2004 growth season. CT was measured at two growth stages (late milky and soft dough) in 2002 to 2003 (first) season and it was also measured at two different hours at the complete heading stage in 2003 to 2004 (second) season. CTD was measured at two different hours at the complete heading stage in the second season. The other morpho- physiological parameter was SGD, which was determined in the first growth season. As a result: (1) The high gs values were observed at both measuring dates even though there was no significant differences among the genotypes; (2) CT showed significant differences except T2 measurement in 2003 to 2004 season, yet significant negative correlations were found between CT and grain yield (GY) in 2003 to 2004 season and in general mean; (3) Despite not being significant differences among the genotypes, a strong positive correlation was found between CTD and GY; (4) In spite of the fact that genotypes did not show any statistical differences, it was found that SGD had a negative significant correlation with CT but positive non-significant correlation with GY. It is concluded from assessments of all physiological traits that such genotypes as Kauz/Altar 84//Ads, Varona Cno 79, Mon’s’/Ald’s’//Bow’s’ and WL6718 can be high yielding even if under heat stressed conditions, and can be used as gene pool in wheat breeding programs for tolerance to heat stress. Key words: Spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), canopy temperature, stomatal conductance, stay green, heat stress tolerance.
Yield, quality and water use efficiency of processing tomatoes produced under different irrigation regimes in Mediterranean environment

Marketable yield is the main objective in tomato production, but fair values for quality parameters are also becoming very important. A research project was undertaken for two years to assess the impact of water-saving techniques on yield, fruit quality and water use efficiency (WUE) of processing tomato (cv. Pullrex) in the Mediterranean environment. Additionally, to better understand how irrigation may affect tomato traits, different statistical techniques were applied to the results. Total yield was reduced by 37% on average in both years when half of the crop evapotranspiration (ET) was restored, and maximum marketable tomato yield was obtained under irrigation when 100% of the crop ET was restored. Irrigation cut at tomato veraison (irrigation cutback treatment) did not affect the yield, enhanced fruit quality and maximised WUE, thus contributing to water saving. Through the application of irrigation cutback toward the end of the tomato cycle, there is a possibility to improve tomato quality and, at the same time, save irrigation water. Principal component analysis confirmed that the cutback of irrigation was well correlated with tomato quality.