Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simpler Constant-Factor Approximation to Edit Distance Problems

Computing edit distance between two strings of length n is a classic dynamic programming problem, with a quadratic run-time solution. It has proven to be a great challenge to one of the central themes in TCS: to improve the run-time from polynomial to something closer to linear. Despite significant research over many decades, the running time has so far been improved only slightly, to O(n2/ log n) [MP80], which remains the fastest algorithm known to date. See also the surveys of [Nav01] and [Sah08]. With the emergence of the fine-grained complexity field, researchers crystallized the reason why beating quadratic-time is hard by connecting to the SETH conjecture [BI15] (and even more plausible conjectures [AHVW16]). Even before the above hardness results, researchers started considering faster algorithms that approximate edit distance. A linear-time √ n-approximation algorithm immediately follows from the exact algorithm of [Ukk85, Mye86], which runs in time O(n+ d2), where d is the edit distance between the input strings. Subsequent research improved the approximation factor, first to n3/7 [BJKK04], then to n1/3+o(1) [BES06], and to 2Õ( √ logn) [AO12]. In the regime of O(n1+ )-time algorithms, the best approximation is (log n)O( ) [AKO10]. Predating some of this work was the sublinear-time algorithm of [BEK+03] achieving n approximation when d is large. In a recent breakthrough, [DGKS18] showed that one can obtain constant approximation in time O(n1.618). The authors suggested that their techniques may be improved to get 5+ approximation in O(n2−2/7) time, as well as constant approximation in time close to n3/2. Here we provide an alternative implementation of the core idea from [DGKS18] with the main goal of developing a simpler constant-factor approximation algorithm with sub-quadratic run-time, while achieving the best possible bounds. To obtain our results, we need to generalize the problem to the well-known text searching problem (in fact, a further generalization of it, discussed later).
Playing catch-up: how children born to teen mothers fare.

The problems that teen mothers face are well documented. Teen mothers are more likely than other young women to drop out of school remain unmarried and become single parents and to live in poverty and rely on public assistance. To be sure many of these factors reflect disadvantages that existed before these teens became mothers. Still teen parenthood seems to perpetuate many of these burdens. It is also well documented that the children of these young mothers face adverse consequences as well. In fact research suggests that the costs of teen motherhood are primarily borne by the children of these young mothers. Using recently available nationally representative data on kindergarteners from the late 1990s this paper explores the complex relationship between the age at which a woman has a child and how her child fares. Specifically this paper addresses two primary questions: What is the magnitude of the differences on measures of development between children born to teen mothers aged 17 and younger and children born to older women? ; Do differences between the kindergarten children remain after taking into account child characteristics of age race/ethnicity birth weight disability and gender; mother and household characteristics of marital status family structure family socioeconomic status and home language of the child; and mothers background characteristics including educational attainment of the childs grandmother and whether the childs mother chose where to live based on the location of the childs kindergarten school? (excerpt)
Exchange conjunctival autograft in double pterygium

Aims& Objectives : It is a Prospective study to determine expediency, astigmatism correction and recurrence following a modified conjunctival autograft surgical procedures in double pterygium. Material & Methods: Equal size of conjunctival grafts were taken from the opposite pterygium of the same eye and anchored with 10-0 nylon sutures. Post-operative correction of astigmatism, visual acuity and recurrence recorded in 14 eyes of 13 patients. Results: Full correction of astigmatism in 6 cases and mean 76.9% corrected in all cases, with subsequent improvement of visual acuity of one or two lines of Snellen’s chart. No recurrence recorded till 13 months. Discussion: ECA is a single time procedure, reducing hospital stay, cost and total duration of morbidity by half, with advantages of minimal tissue loss, sparing of superior conjunctiva on both nasal and temporal side and avoidance of bare sclera from the donor site of graft. Conclusion: ECA is better option in double pterygium particularly in cases of scarcity or diseased conjunctiva.
Prevalence of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adult (LADA) among Type2 Diabetes Mellitus (D.M.2) in Karbala

Objective: the aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of LADA among group of clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology: sample size equal to 280 patients with type 2 D.M. were subjected in this study, participating patients were consecutively recruited of Diabetes outpatient clinic in AL-Hussein Teaching Hospital in Karbala of June, 2013 through January, 2014. A clinical questioner containing personal data, family history, type of diabetes, type of treatment, FBS, HA1C, BMI, diabetes duration & complications of diabetes. For analysis of data Prevalence of LADA among D.M. 2 cases was calculated as the proportion of LADA cases in the D.M. 2 cases. The Chi square test (X2) was used to assess the significance (P-value) of differences in frequencies of categorical variables. Results: prevalence of LADA among D.M. 2 patients was 12.1%. A significant difference in family history, BMI, FBS, HA1C and duration of D.M was found between the studied groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of LADA is clinically underestimated among D.M2 patients and age of onset of diabetes should no longer be considered as a valid way to differentiate diabetes. Recommendation: the study recommends screening for islet cell autoantibodies as GAD65 for all patients with diabetes at onset or beginning of disease.
Effects of Whole Body Vibration Exercise on the Muscle Strength, Balance and Falling Efficacy of Super-aged Elderly: Randomized Controlled Trial Study

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of a whole body vibration-exercise program on the muscle strength, balance, and falling efficacy of super-aged women. METHODS: Thirty participants, who are over 75 years of age, were recruited. They were assigned randomly to an experimental group (n=15), which received whole body vibration exercise, and a control group (n=15), which received an exercise program that did not include vibration. The interventions lasted for four weeks, three times a day, and 25 minutes per session. To compare the effects of the intervention, a 30-second chair stand test (CST), Korean version of Berg balance scale (K-BBS), functional reach test (FRT), timed up and go test (TUG), and Korean version of the falls efficacy scale (K-FES) was used. RESULTS: The experimental group showed a significant increase (p.<05) before and after the intervention in the chair
Chlorhexidine digluconate uptake and release from alkane-crosslinked nanocellulose hydrogels and subsequent antimicrobial effect

Drug release profiles of novel alkane-crosslinked nanocellulose hydrogels were investigated. The common antiseptic compound chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX-DG) was loaded into the nanocellulose hydrogels, and the release kinetics were studied under two different release regimes. The hydrogels were effective at absorbing more than their dry weights of the antiseptic and retaining it during diffusion testing, with more than 60% of the drug retained in the hydrogels. Antimicrobial tests showed sustained antimicrobial activity of the CHX-DG-loaded hydrogels even after the two diffusion tests, which was attributable to non-ionic retention of the CHX-DG within the hydrogel structure.
Emotional Intelligence and Perception of Stress among Undergraduate University Students

Purpose of the study: The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and perception of stress (PS) among undergraduate university students in Malaysia and to examine the difference between genders on EI and PS scores. Methods: A total sample of 460 undergraduate university students from comprehensive universities in Malaysia participated in the present study. A set of questionnaire consisting of the Assessing Emotional Scale (AES) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used to measure the studied variables. Pearson correlations were utilized to examine the relationship between EI and PS. Independent Samples T-Test were used to study the difference between genders on EI and PS scores. Results: The findings showed significant positive relationship between perception of emotion (PE) and PS (r=.146), managing own emotion (MOE) and PS (r=.296), managing others’ emotion (MOTE) and PS (r=.197) and utilization of emotion (UE) and PS (r=.207) among the undergraduate university students. Independent Sample T-Test used to examine the difference between genders shown no significant difference in both EI and PS scores Conclusion: This study helps in examining the relationship between EI and stress level among university students. Hence, it will help us in understanding and providing information on the university students’ emotional intelligence and perceived stress during their undergraduate life.
Deep venous thrombosis in a patient with therapeutic INR for PS deficiency

We have reported a rare case of DVT in a 25-year-old patient with a known case of Protein S deficiency with INR within therapeutic index. He was seen in the ED and transferred to the Medical ward after diagnosis in the ED using doppler US. The patient was successfully treated with heparin and warfarin with a higher than usual optimal INR. This case adds to the growing evidence that PS deficiency is one of the rare causes of DVT, and also raises awareness that thrombosis can still occur in the current optimal INR for such patients. This case report necessitates the revision of what should be the optimal INR for patients with Protein S deficiency who develop thrombosis in the current optimal INR.
2019 : 1 Ethnicity and tax filing behavior

We analyze differences in tax filing behavior between natives and immigrants using population-wide Swedish administrative data, focusing on two empirical examples. First, controlling for a rich set of variables, we compare deduction behavior of immigrants and natives with the same commuting patterns within Sweden’s largest commuting zone. We find that newly arrived immigrants file fewer deductions than natives, that immigrants with a longer duration of stay in the host country behave more like natives, and that immigrants with the longest stay file the most, even more than natives. Second, we analyze bunching behavior among the self-employed at the salient first kink point of the Swedish central government income tax schedule, located in the upper middle part of the income distribution. We find that self-employed immigrants exhibit significantly less bunching behavior than natives, even after a long time in the host country. We highlight residential segregation as a main driver of the observed behavioral differences.
Comparative Study of Biosorption Capacity of Cadmium on Banana Peel and Cactus for Different pH and Partical Size

Image inpainting is the process of restoring the lost or damaged regions or modifying the image contents imperceptibly. It refers to the process of filling-in missing data in a designated region of the visual input. In this paper, the technique presented is for detection and removal of text from images. The system detects text using morphological operations, connected component labelling and a set of selection criteria which helps to filter out non text regions. So, the resultant image is the image with only texts. Text Inpainting is done in two steps. The first step detects the text region automatically, without user interaction and in the second step; the text is removed from the image using exemplar based Inpainting algorithm.
Boundary values, random walks, and p-cohomology in degree one

e vanishing of reduced `-cohomology for amenable groups can be traced to the work of Cheeger and Gromov in [10]. e subject matter here is reduced `-cohomology for p 21;1Œ, particularly its vanishing. Results for the triviality of `H . G/ are obtained, for example: when p 21; 2 and G is amenable; when p 21;1Œ and G is Liouville (e.g. of intermediate growth). is is done by answering a question of Pansu in [34, §1.9] for graphs satisfying certain isoperimetric pro le. Namely, the triviality of the reduced `-cohomology is equivalent to the absence of non-constant harmonic functions with gradient in ` (q depends on the pro le). In particular, one reduces questions of non-linear analysis (p-harmonic functions) to linear ones (harmonic functions with a very restrictive growth condition). Mathematics Subject Classi cation (2010). Primary: 20J06; Secondary: 05C81, 31C05, 60J45, 60J50.
Three-dimensional reconstruction facilitates off-clamp laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for stage cT1b renal tumors

Background This study aimed to evaluate the role of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of T1b renal tumors in the off-clamp laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN). Methods A total of 40 consecutive patients undergoing LPN for stage cT1b renal tumor between January 2018 and July 2018 were included. Twenty received off-clamp LPN under the guidance of 3D reconstruction (3D group), and remaining 20 underwent off-clamp LPN under the guidance of conventional computer tomography arteriography (CTA group). The demographics, perioperative characteristics and renal function were compared between groups. Results All the procedures were performed successfully without conversion to main renal artery clamping. There were no significant differences in the age, gender, body mass index (BMI), tumor size, and RENAL score between two groups. The mean operation time (OT) was significantly shorter and estimated blood loss markedly less in the 3D group than in the CTA group. Incidence of postoperative complications was 5% in the 3D group and 10% in the CTA group (P>0.05). 3D reconstruction of renal tumors resulted in more accurate dissection of the tumor artery (90.9%) as compared to conventional CTA (81.5%). All the patients had negative surgical margins. There was no significant difference in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) before and after surgery between two groups. Conclusions 3D reconstruction is beneficial for the resection of cT1b renal tumor and tumor-specific feeding arteries in the off-clamp LPN.
Non-Surgical Therapy of Peripheral Sleep Apnoea Hypopnoea Syndrome: Review Article

Obstructive (Peripheral) Sleep Apnoea Hypopnoea Syndrome is an increasing breathing problem, caused by repetition of upper airway occlusion during sleep due to anatomical or pathophysiological factors. There are wide ranges of treatment available for this condition, both surgical and non-surgical procedures. This review article intends to facilitate and improve understanding of the non-surgical treatment of this disorder. The article intends to group all non surgical modalities together and put them into a format accessible to undergraduate dental and medical students, residents, general dentists, general physicals and specialized dentists.
Final results of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a prognostic marker in advanced pancreatic cancer patients treated with Nab-paclitaxel plus Gemcitabine.

e15737Background: Pancreatic cancer is the ninth most common cancer and the forth cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. New regimens have increased overall survival, but it still remains extremely poor. Therefore, it is important to clarify the biological mechanisms that contribute to tumour progression and identify prognostic factors in order to stratify individual risk. There are several evidences suggesting that an elevated NLR is related to an adverse outcome in various types of cancer. In this analysis we investigated the prognostic role of pretreatment NLR in a multicentre cohort of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC) treated with Nab-paclitaxel and Gemcitabine.Methods: From January 2012 to November 2015, a homogeneous group of 70 patients (pts) with MPC who received Nab- paclitaxel and gemcitabine as first-line treatment, was included in our retrospective analysis. NLR was performed before chemotherapy on routine blood tests. Survival analyses were generated according to the Kap.
OHAT Risk of Bias Rating Tool for Human and Animal Studies

This document is written to outline a tool for evaluating individual study risk of bias or internal validity – the assessment of whether the design and conduct of a study compromised the credibility of the link between exposure and outcome (Higgins and Green 2011, IOM 2011, Viswanathan et al. 2012). The riskof-bias rating tool presents a parallel approach to evaluating risk of bias in human and non-human animal studies to facilitate consideration of risk of bias across elements and across evidence streams with common terms and categories.
The effectiveness of the Impulse Adjusting Instrument® compared to dry needling in the treatment of upper trapezius myofascial trigger points

Aim: There is a paucity in the literature regarding the effectiveness of the Impulse Adjusting Instrument® (IAI) in treating myofascial trigger points (MFTPs) and regarding the effectiveness between dry needling and the IAI in the treatment of MFTPs. There are many limitations and an array of contraindications for dry needling. Therefore, an alternative method should be sought as this will be beneficial to the patient. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the IAI compared to dry needling in the treatment of MFTPs found in the upper trapezius muscle. Methodology: This study was a randomised single-blinded clinical trial. This study consisted of 41 participants between the ages of 18 and 40 who were divided into two groups. The participants were randomly allocated into their respective groups using a blinded allocation method that was drawn up by the statistician. Groups were divided into dry needling (Group one (n=18)) and IAI (Group two (n=23)) treatment groups. Subjective neck pain level was determined using a numerical pain rating scale (NRS). The neck disability index (NDI) subjectively assessed the effect neck pain had on the participants’ activities of daily living before and after treatment. The Patients Global Impression of Change (PGIC) tool was used to determine the participants’ subjective impression of treatment outcomes since the beginning of the treatment. Objective pain pressure thresholds (PPT) were measured with an algometer. Objective cervical range of motion (CROM) in lateral flexion (LF) was measured with a goniometer. Each participant had four visits over a two week period, which included three treatments and a final visit for final measurements. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 23. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine the effect on each outcome measure. Directional trends in effectiveness were drawn up using profile plots to assess the direction and trends of the effects. A p value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Intra-group and inter-group statistical analysis revealed all subjective measurements improved in both groups with no significant differences between the groups. With respect to objective measurements, there was no statistical improvement in LF CROM and dry needling had no improvement in PPT. Impulse Adjusting Instrument trigger point therapy showed an increase in PPT, however, when compared to dry needling there was no statistical difference in PPT. Conclusion: The conclusion for this study states that the trends in each of the outcomes suggest that the IAI is as effective as dry needling for the treatment of MFTPs.
Validation of annual growth increments in the otoliths of the lethrinid Lethrinus mahsena and the lutjanid Aprion virescens from sites in the tropical Indian Ocean, with notes on the nature of growth increments in Pristipomoides fi lamentosus

Examination of hard body parts, such as otoliths, frequently reveals the presence of “rings. ” Laid down incrementally (whether daily, monthly, or annually), these structures provide a means of aging fi sh. For tropical species, however, the use of otoliths has become relatively common only since the early nineteen eighties (e.g. Loubens, 1978; MoralesNin and Ralston, 1990; Ferreira and Russ, 1992; Francis et al., 1992; Milton et al., 1995; see also Manooch, 1987, and Fowler, 1995, for reviews). The lack of studies before this time is frequently attributed to the expectation that tropical fi sh grow consistently in an aseasonal environment. Hence hard Validation of annual growth increments in the otoliths of the lethrinid Lethrinus mahsena and the lutjanid Aprion virescens from sites in the tropical Indian Ocean, with notes on the nature of growth increments in Pristipomoides fi lamentosus
Factors Influencing Adherence to Growth Monitoring Services For Children Under Five Yearsat Kibera Heath Centre, Nairobi, Kenya

Introduction: Growth monitoring services (GMS) is a key public health intervention that serves as the fundamental activity in an integrated child’s healthcare and nutrition programme.Studies have shown that GMS have the potential to achieve improved breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices thus improving the nutrition status of children below five years. Objective: To examine the factors influencing adherence to GMS for children under five years of age. Methods: We conducted a health facility-based cross sectional study in the informal settlements of Kibera in the City of Nairobi, Kenya. Data were collected from caregivers of children (<5 years) using intervieweradministered questionnaires. Bivariate analyses were done to determine significant predictors of uptake of GMS. Results: The study recruited a total of 279 caregiver-child pairs. Majority of the caregivers were married (79.2%) and had delivered the index child in a health institution (96.8%). The uptake of GMS was 58.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 52.2% 63.7%)). The drivers of GMS uptake included younger children (≤ 9 months and 10 – 18 months, odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) 41.7 (16.3-136.7) and 4.4(1.8-11.8) respectively), smaller household size (OR 1.9 (95% CI 1.1 3.3), getting feedback (4.0(2.3-6.7) ) availability for consultations (2.2(1.1-4.7)), problems noted during growth monitoring (6.9(1.3-37.2)), shorter waiting time (2.0(1.4-4.1)), possession of a mother and child booklet (7.2(2.0-25.7)). Delivery of a child at home was found to be a barrier to adherence to GMS (OR (95% CI) 0.1(9.6-1.0). Conclusion: The present survey documented sub-optimal utilization of GMS in the study population. Additionally, the study identified a set of modifiable determinants that should be addressed in order to boost the uptake of GMS in children. These includes promotion of child delivery in health facilities as well as enhancing utilization of family planning in order to promote smaller household sizes.
Management and Referral of Obstetric Complications: a Study in the Upper East Region of Ghana

Women in West and Central Africa have the highest lifetime risk of maternal death of 1 in 27, compared to a ratio of 1 in 180 globally, and 1 in 2,000 in Central and Eastern Europe. Like many West African countries, Ghana made insufficient progress in efforts to meet the Millennium Development Goals. In 2015, Ghana’s maternal mortality ratio was 319 per 100,000 live births with a lifetime risk of maternal death of 1 in 74. This PhD study examined the management and referral of obstetric complications in the Upper East Region of Ghana.