Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON THE FISHERY AND GROWTH RATE OF OCEANIC SKIPJACK KATSUWONUS PELAMIS (LINNAEUS) AT MINICOY ISLAND FROM 1966 TO 1969

Although the skipjack fishery ,a,t Minicoy extends aU through the ye,ar the peak fis.hery is during November-A,pri'}' T! he size in the commercial catches ronges h~tween 350 and 695 mm: T'he total catches fluctuate 'appreciab1y firom year to year. The catch composition and the catch 'mte in different months are presented. EmplO'ying the ,probability-plot me,thod (H~rdjng 1949, and Oassie 1954) 4 yea,r clas! le$ have be'en rec.ognised, ,and it is found ,that the fish alltaans 402.2, 494.0, 5,62.6 and 620.5 mm respectiveIy when i,t is 1-ye:ar, 2"year, . 3-yea'r ang 4-year old. By le,ngth-f! requency study . 5 year cll\lSses were traced, having the size of 410, 500, 570, 630 a'nd 680 mm IreSipective,ly for the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- \lIl1d 5-year classes. Von Bel1talanffy's growth equation was fitted to the obse'rved values and ,the growth pa,ramelers were estlimMed both graphricaUy and arltihmetically which gave identica,1 results. The calculaoted value! s of the pa'ramete~ were L CO = 843" mm, to' . =;0 11:95 ye,arsand K = 0.22314. 1:00 length 'at age, 8'nnwail inCITement 'and ifIhe ave,rage monthly growth rMe obtalined in :these different methods we.e almost idel! ltical.
Damage potential of two Scarab species on groundnut

Abstract The damage potential of two phytophagous scarab larvae on groundnut (peanut) yield was determined. Holotrichia serrata, a root and pod feeding species from southern India, was studied in microplots while the damage potential of Heteronyx piceus, a pod feeder from Queensland, Australia, was determined by analysis of on-farm chemical-rate trials. H. serrata larva reduced groundnut yield by an average of 7.52 g/larva. In crops yielding less and more than 1900 kg/ha, H. piceus reduced yield by 4.20 and 1.43 g/larva, respectively. These damage potential estimates were used to determine provisional economic injury levels (EIL). For H. piceus, the provisional EIL is 1.67 and 4.91 larvae/row-metre in crops yielding less and more than 1900 kg/ha, respectively. For H. serrata, the provisional EIL is one H. serrata larva in 7.1 m2. As more than 70% of southern India groundnut fields have Holotrichia populations greater than one larva in 1.35 m2, more widespread use of chlorpyrifos seed dressing of groundnut is likely to produce regional economic benefits.
NARINGENIN, A FLAVONONE FROM THE STEM OF NYCTANTHES ARBOR- TRISTIS LINN.

Flavonoids, one of the most important secondary metabolite products occurring in plants are considered to have bioactive effect on human health . They serve as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, carbohydrate metabolism promotor and immune system modulator. They act as scavengers for free radical which are responsible to cause variety of diseases by damaging proteins , lipids , membranes and nucleic acids. The present study deals with the phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract of the stem of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis. The ethanolic extract was fractionated with different solvents viz. petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and butanol.The ethylacetate fraction was chromatographed over Si-gel column, which resulted in the isolation of Naringenin. Naringenin, a flavonone is reported to possess antiviral, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic activities. The structure of the isolated compound was elucidated on the basis of melting point determination and using various spectroscopic techniques (IR,UV,NMR and Mass) and confirmed with available data.
Studies Along the Edge of a Lichen Desert

Maps showing the presence or absence of various indicator lichens are rapidly becoming an accepted method of investigating the spread of air pollution. More time and energy has gone into constructing them, however, than into learning how to interpret them. It is believed that the boundaries on these maps are in a dynamic state moving in response to changes in pollution, but we know little of the speed with which they respond or the sequence of events which precede extinction (or rarely recolonization). This paper represents 6 years observation on colonies of Parmelia saxatilis subjected to slowly increasing levels of sulphur dioxide and seeks to focus attention on the way lichen colonies disintegrate under pollution stress. In 1964, the then largest coal-fired power station in Britain was completed at Blyth on the Northumberland coast. The power station is just within the 600 square mile P. saxatilis desert which covers the Northumberland and Durham Coalfield (Gilbert, 1970, Fig. 2). In addition, construction was commenced on the adjacent new town of Cramlington so that there was every indication that this corner of the coalfield would experience a moderate increase in SO2 and the lichen desert be thus extended. Subsequent confirmatory readings from standard volumetric recording gauges operating in the centre of Blyth and Bedlington showed that there was a steady increase in SO2 from c. 100 ug/m in 1966, the first year of operation of the gauges, to c. 150 ug/m in 1970.
Las enzimas digestivas como indicadores del estado nutricional en paralarvas de pulpo Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797

Digestive enzymes indicating nutritional condition in octopus paralarvae Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of different diets in Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 paralarvae. Diets were composed of different combinations of Artemia salina (L., 1758), Moina salina Daday, 1888 and crab zoea, as well as artificial food. Wet weight of the paralarvae was recorded. Protease and trypsin activity were determined in a number of individuals to assess changes in the digestive use of food. Results show that enzyme secretion was affected both by age and the type of food. It is deduced that protease activity can be used as spawning quality index, and that trypsin activity gives information about whether paralarvae are feeding.
Hunter-effort–harvest-size relationships among hunt types of white-tailed deer

Abstract Information on hunter-effort–harvest-size relationships relevant to managing and monitoring hunted populations with multiple hunt types has not been examined in detail. We estimated harvest size from hunter effort in 6 types of hunts for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and compared intercepts and slopes to assess whether harvest size differed with hunting effort. The 6 hunt types were (age–sex class of population hunted and weapons allowed) as follows: antlerless gun (shotgun, centerfire rifle), either-sex archery, either-sex gun, either-sex muzzleloader, buck-only gun, and buck-only muzzle-loader. The data set was a 12-year harvest record from a hunt program in western Tennessee. We measured hunter effort by hunter days (number of hunters and days they hunted). We detected differences in intercepts but not slopes among hunt types. Hunt types with largest harvest sizes were >4 times larger than hunt types with smallest harvest sizes, controlling for hunter effort. Because slopes of regressions were similar, hunter effort among hunt types can be adjusted so that a harvest size:hunter effort ratio can be used to track relative deer population change.
Orb-weaving Spider, Argiope savignyi (Araneidae), Predation on the Proboscis Bat Rhynchonycteris naso (Emballonuridae)

Abstract. We report an observation of an orbweaving spider (Argiope savignyi; Araneidae) capturing and feeding on a proboscis bat (Rhynchonycteris naso; Emballonuridae) at the La Selva Biological Station in the Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. This observation and others suggest that spiders prey upon small bats more frequently than has been noted previously, and that invertebrates should now be considered as regular predators on small bats.
Friesian cow experimentally treated with recombinant somatotropin(r-bST): effects on productive and reproductive parameters

Abstract The study examined the effect of recombinant somatotropin (r-bST) on production and reproduction. Twenty cows were randomly divided in two treatment groups: r-bST (n=10), treated, starting at the eighth postpartum week by injections of r-bST every 14 days; control (n=10), untreated. Cows were milked twice a day, recording milk production. Body condition scores (BCS) were monthly determined for each cow. Blood samples were collected twice a week from jugular vein and assayed by IGF-1 immunoassay. At the fifth r-bST injection, an estrous cycle was synchronized by two intramuscular injections of 0,15 mg of PGF2α analogue (dcloprostenol; Dalmazin, Fatro, Italy) given 11 days apart and ovaries were daily examined by ultrasonography. Follicles were classified as small, medium, large. Milk yield significantly increased after r-bST treatment (P ≤ 0.05), remaining higher than control group. At the fourth postpartum month, BCS significantly increased in control group and at the end of the trial it was 2.30 in r-bST and 2.52 in control group (P ≤ 0.05). Treated cows had more serum concentration of IGF-1 and more small and medium follicles vs control ones. The first wave dominant follicle growth was similar. The start of the second follicular wave was earlier in r-bST treated cows.
Allelopathic effects of leaf litter and live roots exudates of Eucalyptus species on crops

The allelopathic effects of extracts of leaf litter and live roots of three Eucalyptus species [ Eucalyptus urophylla Blake (Myrtaceae), Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh] were determined on the following crops: radish [ Raphanus raphanistrum var. sativus L. G. Beck, Brassicaceae), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L., Cucurbitaceae), and Chinese cabbage ( Brassica rapa var. glabra Regel, Brassicaceae)]. The extracts of leaf litter and live roots were inhibitory or stimulatory to test species. However, the effects of leaf litter extracts at lower concentrations were similar to natural concentration in fields and were more pronounced than live roots. When litterfall were removed, Chinese cabbage should be a good candidate crop grown under Eucalyptus urophylla and cucumber should be a good candidate crop grown under all tested Eucalyptus species in the tree-crop agroforestry systems .
Plant Species Associated with a Regionally Rare Hemiparasitic Plant, Pedicularis lanceolata (Orobanchaceae), Throughout Its Geographic Range

Abstract Typically, non-native invasive plant species are considered a threat to rare native plants, but this generalization may not hold true for rare parasitic plants that depend upon host plants to complete their life cycles. It is essential to know what plant species a particular hemiparasitic species associates with in the field, in order to determine host plant preferences and to make broader inferences about host plants. Pedicularis lanceolata is a hemiparasite that is regionally rare in New England and the southeastern margins of its range, but more abundant in the core of its range in the Midwest. I sought to compare the species associated with P. lanceolata in the core and margins of its range to determine if marginal populations have different associates from core populations. I hypothesized that P. lanceolata may be rare in the eastern United States because it encounters fewer suitable associates, and potentially more competitive invasive species, at the margins of its range than at the center of its range. In each of 22 populations of P. lanceolata I recorded abundances of all vascular plants growing near five focal P. lanceolata individuals. Different suites of species co-occurred with P. lanceolata in different parts of its range, but there were no significant differences across its range in the percent covers of natives, non-native invasives, non-native non-invasives, or species with native and non-native genotypes. These results suggest that non-native invasive species do not pose greater threats to edge populations of P. lanceolata than to core populations. The data suggest that candidates for potential hosts include members of the Asteraceae and Poaceae, Cirsium discolor, Clematis virginiana, Cornus amomum, Eupatorium maculatum, E. perfoliatum, Impatiens capensis, Lycopus uniflorus, and Vernonia gigantea. These data provide baseline data for future manipulative studies on host-preference of P. lanceolata.
RESPONSE OF PEAS TO ENVIRONMENT: III. ASSESSMENT OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PEAS

A decimal system of defining internodal development and flowering stages in peas is described. The system allows a precise estimate of stage of development at any given time and extent of development over any given time-interval. The system has proved of value in studies relating development of peas to natural environmental factors and in controlled environment experiments.
The effects of NaCl on calcium-deficiency disorder vary with symptom development stage and cultivar in hydroponic Portulaca oleracea L.

Kong, Y. , Rozema, E. and Zheng, Y. 2014. The effects of NaCl on calcium-deficiency disorder vary with symptom development stage and cultivar in hydroponic Portulaca oleracea L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1195–1201. Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a traditional food crop in some Mediterranean, Central American and Asian countries. Our recent study showed that this crop can be produced hydroponically in NaCl-rich nutrient solutions. Increased NaCl salinity has been found to increase the occurrence of Ca-deficiency related disorders in many horticultural crops. To explore the effects of NaCl on calcium-deficiency disorder and the associated impacts on plant growth in purslane, two commercial cultivars ‘Green’ and ‘Golden’ were hydroponically grown in nutrient solutions without Ca for the first 3 wk (Ca-deficiency period) and then in nutrient solutions with added 2.4 mM Ca(NO3)2 for 2 wk (Ca-supplement period). Two levels of NaCl (0 and 10 mM) were used in the above nutrient solutions as the two NaCl treatmen.
A scientific note on allozyme variability in Persian honey bees (Apis mellifera meda) from the Elburz mountains in Iran

The Persian bee, Apis mellifera meda , was first described by Skorikov in 1929 based on tongue length and shape of the abdominal sternites (Ruttner et al., 1985). In the early description, the distribution is given as North Persia, Lencoron. However, the distribution of A. m. meda was extended later to the north of Iraq, Syria and the southeastern parts of Turkey (Ruttner, 1988). Although it is distributed in an area that is important in terms of honey bee evo- lution (Ruttner, 1988), the honey bees of Iran have been less extensively studied. Morphometric analy- sis has been used to study variation within A. m. meda (Ruttner et al., 2000). However there is no study of allozyme variability in honey bees from Iran. Enzyme polymorphisms in honey bee subspe- cies have been extensively studied (for detail review see Sheppard and Smith, 2000). The objec- tives of this study were to determine the biochemi-cal variability of Iranian honey bees and to compare the results with published data from surrounding populations. is
Response of Young and Maturing Citrus Trees Grown on a Sandy Soil to Irrigation Scheduling, Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate, and Nitrogen Application Method

This study examined the effect of irrigation rates, nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates, and methods of applying N on growth and productivity of young (3 to 5 years old) and maturing (8 to 10 years old) citrus trees. A long-term study was conducted with the following objectives: 1) to measure the main effects of N rate, N application method, and irrigation on citrus tree growth and production from planting to maturity; 2) to establish growth and production relationships for long-term N rates and irrigation on well- drainedsandyEntisols;and3)todeterminetheeffectofsplitfertilizerapplicationsattwo soil moisture regimes on citrus growth and production for two tree age classes as trees mature. Irrigation was applied using two selected ranges of soil moisture tensions and annual N rate varied by tree age as percentages of recommended. Methods of applying N included a dry granular fertilizer (DGF) containing soluble N applied four times annually or a controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) applied once per year and fertigation applied either four (FG04) or 30 (FG30) times annually. Canopy size and yield were higher with the moderate irrigation rate compared with the low rate for both young and maturing trees. Critical N rates for both canopy volume and yield were between 178 and 200 kgha -1 . The CRF and FG30 treatments produced larger trees and higher yields compared with FG04 and DGF in the young tree study, indicating that younger trees benefitted from frequent split fertilizer applications. As the trees matured and filled their allocatedspace,thetwoirrigationrateswerecontinuedandNwasappliedatsixratesusing either DGF or FG30. For these 8- to 10-year-old trees, critical values of N applicationrates were 210 and 204 kgha -1 for DGF and FG30, respectively. The absence of a significant interaction between N rate and application method indicated that N uptake efficiency was similar for all application methods tested. DGF and FG30 treatments resulted in similar maturingtreeyieldsandfruittotalsolublesolids.Canopyvolumes,forthesametrees,were significantly greater all 3 years with the FG30 treatment compared with DGF. Thus, if increase in tree size is desired, increased number of split applications will likely promote tree growth; however, little increase in fruit yield may be obtained.
Growth parameters of different mustard (Brassica campestris L) varieties as effected by different levels of fertilizers

This field experiment was conducted to find out the effect of the different levels of fertilizers on the growth parameters of mustard varieties of BARI sharisa-9 (V 1 ), BARI sharisa-12 (V 2 ) and BARI sharisa-15 (V 3 ), and to find out the optimum and economically viable fertilizer dose. A total of 5 treatments, including one control com-prising of a different package of chemical fertilizers, were used in this study. The treatments were F 1 (N 120 +P 35 + K 50 +S 25 +Zn 4 +B 2 ), F 2 (N 90 +P 30 +K 40 +S 20 +Zn 3 +B 1.5 ), F 3 (N 60 +P 25 +K 30 +S 15 +Zn 2 +B 1 ), F 4 (N 30 +P 20 +K 20 +S 10 +Zn 1 +B 0.05 ) and F (Native nutrient). The data revealed that leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR) and plant dry matter accumulation were affected by different fertilizer appli-cations. The present result revealed that N 120 , P 35 , K 50 , S 25 , Zn 4 and B 2 kg/ha would be the most suitable fertilizer doses for production of the mustard variety BARI sharisa-9.
Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Ratios of the Seagrass Posidonia oceanica: Depth-related Variations

Abstract Nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) isotopic compositions of Posidonia oceanica were determined during three seasons along a bathymetric gradient (4–38m depth). The δ15N values are low (2.2±0.9 ‰ ) and variable. They do not show any relation to depth or sampling dates. There is a significant difference between the δ15N values of the youngest and the oldest leaves, probably as a result of N resorption and senescing during leaf ageing. The δ13C values of young Posidonia leaves vary with depth, showing the relationship between δ13C values and primary productivity rate, and the use of a bicarbonate/CO2 mixture as an inorganic carbon source. The δ13C values of the oldest P. oceanica leaves are depleted in 13C compared to those of young leaves. This modification of the 13C signatures in relation to leaf age is particularly important between 20 and 29 m depth. This modification could be related to photosynthetic rate change during ageing, but also to change in carbohydrate composition and content.
Study of Trichodinids (protozoa, Ciliophora) Parasitic on Gills of Freshwater Fishes from Chongqing, China, and Identification of a New Species Trichodina Cyprinocola Sp. Nov.

This study surveyed freshwater fishes Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus from Chongqing, China, for infection with ectoparasitic trichodinids. Fish specimens were obtained from culture pools, smears of gills were prepared and used for silver nitrate impregnation. Microbiologic studies identified two species of trichodinids belonging to Trichodina Ehrenberg, 1838 including one new species from C. carpio that was named Trichodina cyprinocola sp. nov. Comparisons with closely related species revealed that this new species T. cyprinocola has unique sturdy denticles including the sickle blade with bluntly round tangent point, well developed central part, robust, straight but short ray. The other known species Trichodina borokensis Arthur and Lom (1984) from C. auratus was described here as the first record in China. Our survey also yielded morphometric data and prevalence of infestation for these two species.
Microhabitat associations of vascular epiphytes in a wet tropical forest canopy

In tropical forests, vascular epiphyte diversity increases with tree size, which could result from an increase in area, time for colonization or an increase in microhabitat heterogeneity within‐tree crowns if vascular epiphyte species are specialized to particular microhabitats within the crown. The importance of microhabitats in structuring epiphyte communities has been hypothesized for more than 120 years but not yet confirmed. We tested the importance of microhabitats in structuring epiphyte communities by examining microhabitat heterogeneity and epiphyte communities within the crowns of different‐sized Virola koschnyi (Myristicaceae) emergent trees in a Costa Rican tropical wet forest. We tested the degree to which epiphyte species composition was associated with environmental conditions and resources (i.e. microhabitats) using multivariate analyses and a null model that compared the observed epiphyte assemblages amongst different‐sized trees and crown zones with assemblages generated randomly. This study is the first to rigorously examine the degree of microhabitat specialization in epiphyte communities. Microhabitat heterogeneity, epiphyte species richness and abundance increased with tree size. The largest trees had the highest microhabitat and epiphyte diversity and a unique inner crown microhabitat with canopy humus. The few epiphytes found on small trees were mostly bark ferns. Large trees had different epiphyte communities in different parts of the crown; the inner crown contained species not abundant in any other microhabitat (i.e. aroids, cyclanths and humus ferns), and the outer crown contained bark ferns and atmospheric bromeliads. Variation in species composition amongst tree size classes was significantly related to the mean daily maximum vapour pressure deficit and tree diameter, while variation within large tree crowns was significantly related to canopy humus cover. Microhabitat specialization of epiphyte species increased with tree size with 6% of species significantly associated with small trees and 57% significantly associated with large trees. Of the species present in large tree crowns, 23% were specialized to the unique inner crown microhabitat. Synthesis. The increase in microhabitat heterogeneity within tree crowns as trees grow contributes to changes in epiphyte community structure, which supports decades‐old hypotheses of the importance of microhabitat diversity and specialization in structuring tropical epiphyte communities.
Effects of Platinum Containing Anticancer Drugs Cisplatin, Carboplatin Aand Oxaliplatin on Behavioral Parameters in the Male Albino Rat (Rattus Norvegicus)

Antineoplastic chemotherapies are widely used in many therapeutic protocols and are responsible for numerous side effects. While studying the effects of platinum containing anticancer drugs such as Cisplatin, Carboplatin and Oxaliplatin on the reproductive system and thyroid gland of rats, some alterations in the behavioral parameters including locomotory, ocular, cutaneous, dental etc. were noticed with the low chronic doses (2.5mg/KgBW) and high chronic doses (15mg/KgBW). Such studies would be useful to ophthalmologist, dermatologist, and oncologist and in clinical management of oncol- ogy patients.