Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observability Analysis and Improved Zero‐Speed Position Observer Design of Synchronous Motor with Experimental Results

This paper deals with the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) observability analysis for sensorless control design. The problem of loss of observability at low frequency range is always recognized in experimental settings. Nevertheless, there are no sufficient theoretical observability analyses for the PMSM. In the literature, only the sufficient observability condition has been presented. Therefore, the current work is aimed especially towords the necessary observability condition analysis. Furthermore, improved zero‐speed observation is presented here for a surface PMSM (SPMSM) to overcome position observability problems at zero‐speed which is an unobservable state point. The proposed observer based on higher order sliding mode (HOSM) is designed in order to ensure robustness against disturbances and to avoid the chattering phenomenon which is inherent in standard first order sliding modes. The stability and finite time convergence of the developed observer are studied and discussed. Experimental results are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed observer.
Liquidity Risk Determinants of Islamic Banks

: The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of bank Islamic banks operating in 12 countries over the period fr technique panel data regression, we find that there is a significant positive impact of capital adequacy, asset quality and bank size on the liquidity risk measure. Moreover, cost positive association with liquidity risk of Islamic banks. The study also concluded that bank profitability has an insignificant relationship with the liquidity risk for the Islamic banks. The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of bank-specific variables on the liquidity risk of Islamic banks operating in 12 countries over the period from 2014Q1 to 2019Q3. Using the fixed effects technique panel data regression, we find that there is a significant positive impact of capital adequacy, asset quality and bank size on the liquidity risk measure. Moreover, cost-to-income ratio has a significa positive association with liquidity risk of Islamic banks. The study also concluded that bank profitability has an insignificant relationship with the liquidity risk for the Islamic banks.Key the technique panel data regression, positive of positive association with liquidity risk of also concluded that profitability
Enhancement of Bistability in Spinal Motoneurons In Vivo by the Noradrenergic (cid:97) 1 Agonist Methoxamine

Lee, R. C. Enhancement of bistability in spinal motoneurons in vivo by the noradrenergic (cid:97) 1 agonist methoxamine. J. Neurophysiol. 81: 2164–2174, 1999. Like many types of motoneu- rons, spinal motoneurons in the adult mammal can exhibit bistable behavior. This means that short periods of excitatory input can initiate long periods of self-sustained ﬁring and that equally short periods of inhibition can return the cell to the quiescent state. Usually, the presence of one of the monoamines (either serotonin or norepinephrine) is required for spinal motoneurons to express bistable behaviors. Because the decerebrate cat preparation has tonic activity in monoaminergic ﬁbers that originate in the brain stem and project to spinal motoneurons, these cells sometimes exhibit bistable behavior. How-ever, exogenous application of the noradrenergic (cid:97) 1 agonist methox- amine greatly enhances bistable behavior in the decerebrate. The goal of this study was to identify the mechanisms of this action of me- thoxamine. The total persistent inward current ( I PIC ) in spinal motoneurons in the decerebrate cat was measured from I-V functions generated by triangular voltage commands applied using discontinu-ous single electrode voltage clamp. The effect of methoxamine on I PIC was assessed by comparing its properties in a control cell sample without methoxamine to its properties in a sample of cells obtained after application of methoxamine. In most experiments, at least one cell was obtained from each sample. Our results showed that methox- amine approximately doubled the amplitude of I PIC without changing its onset voltage, its offset voltage, or its persistence. The reduced amplitude was a consistent ﬁnding within experiments and so was unlikely to be caused by interanimal variability. In addition, methox- amine depolarized motoneurons without altering their input conductances, so that a smaller amount of current was required to reach the onset voltage of I PIC . These effects of methoxamine were approxi- mately equal in all cells. As a result of these changes, methoxamine greatly enhanced the tendency for motoneurons to become bistable. It is proposed that the methoxamine-induced increase in the amplitude of I PIC is effective in enhancing the duration of bistable ﬁring because this increase makes I PIC more resistant to the deactivating effects of the afterhyperpolarizations between spikes.
University of Birmingham Molecular and clinical evidence for an ARMC5 tumor syndrome

46 Context: Primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PMAH) is a rare cause of Cushing’s syndrome 47 (CS), which may present in the context of different familial multitumor syndromes. Heterozygous 48 inactivating germline mutations of armadillo repeat containing 5 (ARMC5) have very recently been 49 described as cause for sporadic PMAH. Whether this genetic condition also causes familial PMAH in 50 association with other neoplasias is unclear. 51 Objective: The aim of the present study was to delineate the molecular cause in a large family with 52 PMAH and other neoplasias. 53 Patients and Methods: Whole genome sequencing and comprehensive clinical and biochemical 54 phenotyping was performed in members of a PMAH affected family. Nodules derived from adrenal 55 surgery and pancreatic and meningeal tumor tissue were analysed for accompanying somatic 56 mutations in the identified target genes. 57 Results: PMAH presenting either as overt or subclinical CS was accompanied by a heterozygous 58 germline mutation in ARMC5 (p.A110fs*9) located on chromosome 16. Analysis of tumor tissue 59 showed different somatic ARMC5 mutations in adrenal nodules supporting a “second hit” hypothesis 60 with inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene. A damaging somatic ARMC5 mutation was also found in 61 a concomitant meningioma (p.R502fs) but not in a pancreatic tumor suggesting biallelic inactivation 62 of ARMC5 as causal also for the intracranial meningioma. 63 Conclusions: Our analysis further confirms inherited inactivating ARMC5 mutations as a cause of 64 familial PMAH and suggests an additional role for the development of concomitant intracranial 65 meningiomas.
The Journal of Systems and Software

Traits were proposed as a mechanism for ﬁne-grained code reuse to overcome many limitations of class-based inheritance. A trait is a set of methods that is independent from any class hierarchy and can be ﬂexibly used to build other traits or classes by means of a suite of composition operations. In this paper we present the new version of Xtraitj , a trait-based programming language that features complete compatibility and interoperability with the Java platform. Xtraitj is implemented in Xtext and Xbase , and it provides a full Eclipse IDE that supports an incremental adoption of traits in existing Java projects. The new version of Xtraitj allows traits to be accessed from any Java project or library, even if the original Xtraitj source code is not available, since traits can be accessed in their byte-code format. This allows developers to create Xtraitj libraries that can be provided in their binary only format. We detail the technique we used to achieve such an implementation; this technique can be reused in other languages implemented in Xtext for the Java platform. We formalize our traits by means of ﬂattening semantics and we provide some performance benchmarks that show that the runtime overhead introduced by our traits is acceptable.
Determination of NAD Malic Enzyme in Leaves of C4 Plants' EFFECTS OF MALATE DEHYDROGENASE AND FACTORS

Malate dehydrogenase may interfere with the assay of NAD malic enzyme, as NADH is formed during the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate. During the present study, two additional effects of malate dehydrogenase were investigated; they are evident only ifthe malate dehydrogenase reaction is allowed to reach equilibrium prior to initiating the malic enzyme reaction. One of these (Outlaw, Manchester 1980 Plant Physiol 65: 1136-1138) might cause an underestimation of NAD reduction by malic enzyme due to the oxidation of NADH during reversal ofthe malate dehydrogenase reaction. A second effect may result in overestimation of malic enzyme activity, as Mn2+-catalyzed oxaloacetate decarboxylation causes continuing net NADH formation via malate dehydrogenase. These effects were studied by assaying the activity of a partially purified preparation of Amaranthus retroflexus NAD malic enzyme in the presence or absence of purified NAD malate dehydrogenase. A model was developed which allowed the generation of theoretical curves describing the influence of malate dehydrogenase on the assay of malic enzyme activity. The experimental data obtained agreed closely with these curves. The conditions included 5 millimolar malate, 2 millimolar NAD, and 4 millimolar Mn2+ (pH 7.2 to 7.8 at 30°C). At low activities of malic enzyme (1 nanomole per minute per milliliter or less), the presence of malate dehydrogenase leads to a substantial overestimation of malic enzyme activity due to the Mn2+-catalyzed decarboxylation ofoxaloacetate having a dominant effect. When the level of malic enzyme is greater than 1 nanomole per minute per milliliter, reversal of malate dehydrogenase has a dominant transient effect, causing a lag of up to several minutes, after which the change in absorbance reflects the true rate of malic enzyme. Independent of this effect is a lag in the activator-dependent rate, which could be eliminated by preincubating the enzyme with activator (coenzyme A). An assay procedure designed to minimize the influence of these effects is described. New data are presented on the activity of NAD malic enzyme in leaves of different subgroups of C4 plants.
DO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS ACT AS PROTECTIVE FACTORS AGAINST NONCOMMUNICABLE CHRONIC DISEASES

Objective : To analyze the association of regular physical activity and nutritional status with chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in elderly women. Methods : This is an observational and analytical cross-sectional study conducted with a convenience sample of 367 elderly women (60 and over) from the cities of Presidente Prudente, SP and Uberaba, MG, between October/2010 and August/2012. NCDs were identified using a questionnaire based on the Standard Health Questionnaire (SHQ). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to assess the level of physical activity and anthropometric variables were used to assess the nutritional status. Statistical analysis included the chi-square test to verify associations between physical activity level, according to nutritional status, and the presence of cardiometabolic diseases, and binary logistic regression to test the magnitude of these associations. Results : There was a protective factor against hypertension in active eutrophic women (p=0.024) and sedentary eutrophic women (p=0.032) when compared to the risk group (sedentary and overweight/obese women); however, this was not observed in physically active women with excess weight (p=0.734). There was a positive association between sedentary eutrophic elderly women (p=0.047) and the risk of cholesterol. None of the groups were associated with diabetes. Conclusion : Physical activity was not considered a protective factor for hypercholesterolemia, diabetes or hypertension, possibly due to reverse causality given that sedentary women started the physical activity after the diagnosis of the disease, which contributed to these results. (p=0,734). Hubo asociación positiva entre las mujeres mayores eutróficas sedentarias (p=0,047) y el riesgo de colesterol. No hubo asociación de la diabetes en ningún de los grupos. Conclusión: La actividad física no ha sido considerada como factor de protección para la hipercolesterolemia, la diabetes y la hipertensión, posiblemente debido la causalidad reversa, pues a partir del diagnóstico de la enfermedad estas mujeres, que antes eran sedentarias, empezaron la práctica de actividad física, contribuyendo con estos resultados.
Prevalence of Sleep Disorders in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on Hemodialysis and Its Impact on the Quality of Life

Aims and Objectives: To determine the prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis in a general hospital setup. Materials and Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study. 105 patients diagnosed with CKD and undergoing maintenance hemodialysis were evaluated using Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI) to evaluate the sleep disturbance and Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF) to evaluate for quality of life. The study was carried out for duration of 1 year. For analytical purpose Chi-square test was used for categorical variables and T-test was used to measure the significance. Results: The mean age of patients undergoing hemodialysis was 51.29 ± 15.26 years. Males outnumbered females in the study population. About 99% of the patients had co-morbid hypertension and 48.5% had co-morbid diabetes mellitus.64. 8% of the patients got adequate sleep and 35.3% patients had complains of reduced sleep on Epworth Sleepiness Scale. The quality of sleep assessed using Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index showed that 27.6 % of the patients had good quality sleep and 72.4% had poor sleep quality. The higher transformed score on KDQOL-SF was obtained for the work status and dialysis staff encouragement and they were 86.07 and 84.40 respectively. This was followed by the effects of kidney disease and symptom list with scores of 78.57 and 72.06 respectively. The sexual functioning value was the least. Conclusion: There is high prevalence of co-morbid sleep disturbance in patients with CKD on dialysis. It is important to screen all patients of chronic kidney disease for sleep disturbance which could help in improving the compliance towards medications and there by improve the quality of life. and creatinine using in study equation. The study found that there was a rapid decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients who slept for shorter duration. 8 Restless leg syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis- Ekbom syndrome, is a sensorymotor disorder which manifests as unpleasant nocturnal sensations in the lower limbs which are relieved by movement. The sensations generally occur deep within the muscles of the leg, but patients report feeling them on the skin. Sensations are experienced bilaterally in two-thirds of patients; one-third of patients have unilateral symptoms. The prevalence of RLS is 20%-30% in hemodialysis patients when compared to 3%-7% in the general population. Brain iron dysregulation has a role in RLS. A drop in CSF ferritin levels throughout the night is observed in patients with RLS. 9 age sex age rest previous studies study hospital based sample
In-vitro Antioxidant activity, Biosafety, Nociceptive and Anti-inflammatory potential of Acetone Polyherbal (ELNA) Extract in mice

ELNA ( Moringa oleifera, Crateva religiosa and Curcuma longa ) is a polyherbal formulation comprising of Moringa oleifera, Crateva religiosa and Curcuma longa. It is used traditionally in the treatment of inflammation, gastro-intestinal infections, hypertension and immune compromised diseases. This study investigate the in-vitro anti-oxidant capacity, biosafety, nociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential of polyherbal ELNA acetone extract. In-vitro antioxidant study was done on the extract using a standard protocol of 1, 1, Diphenyl 2, picrylhydraxyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Toxicological profiling was done using standard methods. Acetic acid, hot plate and egg albumin models were designed for the nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of the extract. DPPH scavenging property of the extract showed significant increase at graded concentration. Acute toxicity study of ELNA acetone extract revealed no toxic effect, with absent mortality and less adverse effect (LD 50 >5000 mg/kg body weight). The sub-chronic toxicity study of the acetone extract for 28 days, showed no significant difference (p= 0.05) in the organ to body weight ratio. The haematological indexes indicated no significant different except at 400 mg/kg that elicited slight significant (p<0.05) increase in the platelet. The results showed that graded doses of the extract at (400, 800 and 1200 mg/kg body weight) exhibited significant (p<0.05) decrease in peripheral and central pain also a decrease in the paw edema volume of inflammation. This was achieved in dose dependent manner. The result of this study established a pharmacological evidence for the traditional use of ELNA as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent, it also present information on the anti-oxidant properties and toxicity profile of the formulation.
Evaluation of Microleakage of Different Intraorifice Barrier Materials in Endodontically Treated Teeth

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the sealing ability of 4 different intraorifice barrier materials (MTA Angelus, Filtek Ultimate light-cured flowable composite resin, Filtek Z250 light-cured composite resin, SDR light-cured flowable bulk-fill composite resin)using the dye penetration method. Materials and Methods: One hundred forty single-rooted teeth were obturated using warm vertical compaction technique. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups of 30 teeth each and positive and negative control group of 10. The access openings were filled with one of the tested intraorifice barrier materials in four groups. The sealing ability of the test materials was evaluated by dye penetration method. Results: MTA Angelus group showed the lowest mean microleakage value and the flowable composite resin group had the highest microleakage value among the experimental groups (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Within the limits of present study, MTA Angelus and SDR showed a better leakage resistance than the flowable composite resin and composite resin.
CHARACTERIZATION OF Streptococcus thermophilus ASSOCIATED WITH EGYPTIAN DAIRY PRODUCTS

Streptococcus thermophilus is an important industrial species that is extensively used in the preparation of fermented dairy products. The present study was designed to characterize S. thermophilus strains isolated from traditional Egyptian dairy products. Ninety-five samples of Kariesh cheese, Zabady, Laban Rayeb and Ras cheese were randomly collected, and examined for the presence of S. thermophilus. A total of 255 of lactic acid bacteria cultures could be isolated from these products and subjected to morphological and physiological examinations. Out of these isolates, 20 cultures isolated from Kariesh cheese and Laban Rayeb could be identified as S. thermophilus using a PCR analysis targeting the serB gene. These isolates were characterized on the basis of biochemical traits related to their potential use in dairy industries. This involved examining their ability to develop acidity, utilize galactose, produce exopolysaccharides and express the urease enzyme. S. thermophilus isolates were diverse in their ability to acidify milk, with the most of isolates developing moderate levels of acidity of 0.4% - < 0.6% after 6 h of incubation at 37°C. Isolates showed diversity in utilizing galactose and urease activity, yet the majority of them was unable to ferment galactose, or expressed urease. Only 1 isolate could produce exopolysaccharides. These results show that Kariesh cheese and Laban Rayeb could serve as a local source of S. thermophilus isolates of diverse technological traits that could be exploited in dairy processing.
Shaped two-photon excitation deep inside scattering tissue

Light is the tool of the 21st century. New photosensitive tools offer the possibility to monitor and control neuronal activity from the sub-cellular to the integrative level. This ongoing revolution has motivated the development of new optical methods for light stimulation. Among them, it has been recently demonstrated that a promising approach is based on the use of wavefront shaping to generate optically confined extended excitation patterns. This was achieved by combining the technique of temporal focusing with different approaches for lateral light shaping including low numerical aperture Gaussian beams, holographic beams and beams created with the generalized phase contrast mthod. What is needed now is a precise characterization of the effect of scattering on hese different methods in order to extend their use for in depth excitation. Here we present a theoretical and experimental study on the effect of scattering on the propagation of wavefront shaped beams. Results from fixed and acute cortical slices show that temporally focused spatial patterns are extremely robust against the effects of scattering and this permits their three-dimensional confinement for depths up to 550 {\mu}m.
DARC shuttles inﬂammatory chemokines across the blood–brain barrier during autoimmune central nervous system inﬂammation

The Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines, DARC, belongs to the family of atypical heptahelical chemokine receptors that do not couple to G proteins and therefore fail to transmit conventional intracellular signals. Here we show that during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis, the expression of DARC is upregulated at the blood–brain barrier. These ﬁndings are corroborated by the presence of a signiﬁcantly increased number of subcortical white matter microvessels staining positive for DARC in human multiple sclerosis brains as compared to control tissue. Using an invitro blood–brain barrier model we demonstrated that endothelial DARC mediates the abluminal to luminal transport of inﬂammatory chemokines across the blood– brain barrier. An involvement of DARC in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis pathogenesis was conﬁrmed by the observed ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Darc (cid:2) / (cid:2) C57BL/6 and SJL mice, as compared to wild-type control littermates. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis studies in bone marrow chimericDarc (cid:2) / (cid:2) and wild-type mice revealed that increased plasma levels of inﬂammatory chemokines in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis depended on the presence of erythrocyte DARC. However, fully developed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis required the expression of endothelial DARC. Taken together, our data show a role for erythrocyte DARC as a chemokine reservoir and that endothelial DARC contributes to the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by shuttling chemokines across the blood–brain barrier.