Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Upper Mantle Radial Anisotropy Under the Indian Ocean from Higher Mode Surface Waves and a Hierarchical Transdismensional Approach

We investigated the likelihood of radial anisotropy in the shallow and deep upper mantle, including the mantle transition zone (MTZ) under the Indian Ocean. Seismic anisotropy can be an indicator of mantle deformation through lattice preferred orientation of anisotropic crystals in the mantle. It has thus the potential to illuminate Earth’s dynamic interior, but previous seismic tomography studies have not achieved consensus on the existence of radial anisotropy below ∼250 km depth. We developed a fully nonlinear transdimensional hierarchical Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach to invert fundamental and higher mode surface wave dispersion data and applied it to a subset of a global Love and Rayleigh wave data set. We obtained posterior model parameter distributions for shear wave velocity (VS) and radial anisotropy ξ under the Indian Ocean. These posterior model distributions were used to calculate the probability of having radial anisotropy at different depths. We demonstrated that separate inversions of Love and Rayleigh waves yield models compatible with the results of joint inversions within uncertainties. The obtained pattern of VS anomalies agrees with most previous studies. They display negative anomalies along ridges in the uppermost mantle, but those are stronger than for regularized inversions. The Central Indian Ridge and the Southeastern Indian Ridge present velocity anomalies that extend to ∼200 km depth, whereas the Southwestern Indian Ridge seems to have a shallower origin. Weaker, laterally variable velocity perturbations were found at larger depths. The anisotropy models differ more strongly from regularized inversion results and their uncertainties were rather large. We found that anisotropy models from regularized inversions also depend on the chosen parametrization, which is consistent with the existence of a large model null-space. Apart from a fast horizontally polarized shear wave signal in the top 100 km, likely reflecting the horizontal plate motion due to asthenospheric deformation, no clear relation to surface geology was detected in the anisotropy models. We found that, although the anisotropy model uncertainties are rather large, and lateral variations are present, the data generally prefer at least 1 per cent anisotropy in the MTZ with fast vertically polarized shear waves, within errors. Incorporating group velocity data did not help better constrain deep structure by reducing parameter trade-offs. We also tested the effect of prior constraints on the 410- and 660-km topography and found that the undulations of these discontinuities had little effect on the resulting models in our study region.
Physical Activity and Academic Performance in Children and Preadolescents: A Systematic Review

La practica de actividad fisica constituye un medio esencial en la mejora de la salud fisica y mental. Su influencia en diversos aspectos cognitivos como la atencion, memoria o concentracion ha sido ampliamente estudiada, pudiendo guardar una estrecha relacion con el rendimiento academico. El objetivo de este estudio consiste en la realizacion de una revision sistematica sobre la relacion existente entre practica de actividad fisica y rendimiento academico en escolares. Se emplea como principal motor de busqueda el repositorio Web of Science (WOS), empleando como criterio la seleccion de estudios de tipo longitudinal y experimental publicados en los ultimos cinco anos. Se obtuvo una muestra total de 23 trabajos de investigacion, en los cuales se aplicaron programas de intervencion basados en ejercicio fisico para la mejora del rendimiento academico o parametros relacionados. Como principales hallazgos, se ha podido observar la necesidad de prescribir actividad fisica o ejercicio fisico con unos parametros de volumen e intensidad adecuados, pues una carga insuficiente no se relaciona con el rendimiento academico y/o cognitivo. Asimismo, las tareas de motricidad gruesa y los deportes en equipo resultan mas eficaces al implicar mayores demandas cognitivas. Las areas de matematicas y pensamiento logico fueron las mas beneficiadas.
Health-Risk Behaviors among Medical Students at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia: A Prevalence Study

Background and Objectives: University students have higher odds to adopt health-risk behaviors while in their emerging adulthood. These behaviors predispose students to chronic diseases, and hinder their academic achievement. Our study aimed to describe the prevalence rates and pattern of major health-risk behaviors among Saudi medical students. Methods: This is a cross-sectional prevalence study of a representative sample of medical students in a Saudi medical college (n=428). In August 2018, data were collected on self-reported physical inactivity including sedentary behaviors, unhealthy dietary behaviors, and tobacco use. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chisquare test, and Phi-coefficient. Results: The most prevalent health-risk behaviors were bunched around physical inactivity, ranging from 97.9% for inadequate muscle-strengthening exercises to 77.3% for high sedentary lifestyle. Less prevalent unhealthy lifestyles were bunched around tobacco use, ranging from 0.93% to current e-water-pipe smoking to 6.2% for current cigarette smoking. Furthermore, males were more likely to consume fast-food (P=0.000) and soda (P=0.002) than females. Minimal significant level of associations between unhealthy lifestyles was determined. Conclusion: Our study showed variable prevalence rates of health-risk behaviors. Physical inactivity was the most common behavior, which should be, therefore, tackled as the top priority. Promotion of healthier lifestyle choices among medical students during their medical education will help them as they progress from being undergraduate students to being young doctors. This will ensure that they will consistently provide lifestyle education to their patients. *Corresponding author: Nora Al-Harbi, Department of Neurology, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Tel: +966507611000; E-mail: noraalharbi@qumed.edu. sa Received October 11, 2019; Accepted October 29, 2019; Published November 04, 2019 Citation: Al-Harbi N, Farajat M (2019) Health-Risk Behaviors among Medical Students at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia: A Prevalence Study. Int J Pub Health Safe 4: 177. Copyright: © 2019 Al-Harbi N, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Explore the clinical value of color Doppler assessment of S/D values of UA, MCA, and DV in the diagnosis of maternal fetal distress in the third trimester

Objective: To explore the value of color Doppler ultrasound in fetal distress in the third trimester, and to determine the diagnostic value of the systolic/diastolic ratios (S/D) of umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and ductus venosus (DV) according to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Methods: In this retrospective controlled study, we collected 450 pregnant women who gave full-term birth, including 168 women with fetal distress (the observation group) and 282 women without fetal distress (the control group). All study subjects were with complete clinical data and received color Doppler ultrasound. The results of color Doppler ultrasound of the two groups were compared. ROC curve was employed to analyze the value of S/D values of UA, MCA, and DV in the clinical diagnosis of obstetric fetal distress in the third trimester. Results: Pregnant women in the observation group had markedly higher S/D values of UA and DV and lower S/D values of MCA than women in the control group (P<0.001). ROC curve analysis indicated that the AUC of S/D value for the diagnosis of fetal distress was 0.763 in UA, 0.828 in MCA, and 0.812 in DV. The combined diagnosis of fetal distress by S/D values of UA, MCA, and DV in the third trimester was performed according to the cut-off values of the three S/D values indicated by the Youden’s index. Fetal distress was diagnosed if any two of the three results turned positive. The AUC of combined diagnosis of fetal distress by S/D values of UA, MCA, and DV was 0.935 (95% CI: 0.894 to 0.956), and the accuracy of combined diagnosis was 91.78%. Kappa consistency analysis showed a Kappa value of 0.829 (95% CI: 0.162 to 0.903; P<0.001), suggesting a strong consistency between the combined diagnosis and the clinical diagnosis after delivery. Conclusion: The combined diagnosis of fetal distress by S/D values of UA, MCA, and DV in the third trimester assessed by color Doppler ultrasound is highly consistent with the clinical diagnosis of obstetric fetal distress, also consistent with the diagnosis by fetal heart rate after delivery and the 1 min Apgar score. This combined diagnosis is worthy of clinical application.
Tools, methods, and some caveats to analyze the Brazilian Judiciary Performance data.

Research Objective: is article discusses the judiciary’s performance antecedents in Brazil. It based its model on the work of Dimitrova-Grajzl, Grajzl, Sustersic and Zajc (2012) about the Slovenian courts. eoretical framework: e substantive content of the present model received simplified discussions because it is based on previous basilar work and its operationalization is attached to CNJ, the Brazilian National Council of Justice 2016 indicators, through the “Justice in Numbers” report by the referred council. Design: e constructs performance, human capital, expenditures, investment in new technologies, and caseload are measured using OLS, PLS-SEM, IPMA, and quadratic regression. Findings: e quantitative results show workforce profiles in details, the linear relationship, and the moderating effect of workload as not significant, while its quadratic effect enriches the discussion about productivity. Originality: the results and the methodological path and data caveats are opportunities for future works to explain the ambiguities when performance is compared using Dimitrova-Grajzl’s and present work models. Alamir Costa Louro, et al. Tools, methods, and some caveats to analyze the Brazilian Judiciary Per. PDF generado a partir de XML-JATS4R por Redalyc Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto eoretical and practical contributions: CNJ data must be used sparingly and several techniques presented here help in this regard.
THE EVALUATION OF REEF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN THE SPELMAN STRAIT COASTAL WATERS OF CENTRAL BUTON

Coral reefs has an important function of reef fish. Several symptoms of reef overfishing have been observed in the Spelman Strait coastal waters and they include decreasing live coral cover and catch, deeper fishing ground and destructive fishing. This study was conducted to assess the reef fisheries management status and efforts in the Spelman Strait coastal waters. The research was conducted in Central Buton Regency on November 2018 October 2019. Both EAFM and FGD Tools were applied for assessment using Microsoft Excel. The results show approximately 48.4 EAFM has been implemented in the area while Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with stakeholders reported the community jointly formed an institution to save reef fisheries and this involved the inclusion of religious leaders (ustadz/ustadzah) in management efforts. The formation of strong institutions involving all the components of society such as community, religious, traditional leaders and youth leaders, academics, government and other stakeholders is recommended to solve this problem.
Microbiological Quality and Adulteration of Pasteurized and Raw Milk Marketed in Dharan, Nepal

This study was aimed to evaluate the quality of raw and pasteurized milk marketed in Dharan. Milk may be contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms and a mixture of several adulterants and such milk pose a risk to consumers. The study was carried out from September 2019 to January 2020. Collected samples were tested for adulterants (starch, formalin, neutralizer and table sugar) as well as microbial quality (Total Coliform count, Total Viable Count, Thermoduric Count, Escherichia. coli and Staphylococcus aureus) as per standard guideline. The adulterants starch, formalin and neutralizer were not detected in both raw and pasteurized milk. However, table sugar was present in 45% (9 out of 20) raw milk and 90% (18 out of 20) pasteurized milk. The average Total Viable Count, Total Coliform Count and Thermoduric Count of raw milk were, 59×105 CFU/ml, 14×104 CFU/ml and 5×103 CFU/ml respectively. Similarly, the average Total Viable Count, Total Coliform Count and Thermoduric Count of pasteurized milk were found to be 15×104 CFU/ml, 14×103CFU/ml and 4×103 CFU/ml respectively. E. coli was detected in 30% pasteurized milk whereas S. aureus was isolated from only 20%. Likewise, E.coli and S. aureus were found in 55% and 45% of raw milk respectively. The results of the study indicated that routine monitoring of dairy industries and raw milk vendors, awareness campaign and good hygienic practice should be promoted to upgrade the quality of raw and pasteurized milk.
Predicting Balb/c and B6C3F1 Mouse Sensitivity to Inhaled Methacholine: Impact of Calculating Lung-Airway Dimension and Airflow Distribution

The extent of an individual's sensitivity to inhaled bronchoconstrictors has historically been attributed to biochemical sensitivities, without regarding the dose delivered to airway surfaces. Yet computational models of the lung indicate that when individuals with different lung-airway morphometry receive the same inhalation exposure, they will not receive the same delivered dose. For example, by using a typical path geometric lung model for the first 6 tracheobronchial airway generations, previous work has shown that between-subject differences in sensitivity to bronchoconstrictors could mainly be due to airway-surface dosimetry. However, such dosimetry calculations ignore both the possible impact of the complex parallel pathways formed by lung airways and the consequence of including in the models within-lung averaging of airway dimensions. The purpose of this work was to compare the impact of several dosimetry models in predicting sensitivity to bronchoconstrictors. Two commonly used strains of laboratory mice (Balb/c and B6C3F1) were used, and dosimetry calculations for inhaled methacholine were based on average or individual tracheobronchial airway dimensions as well as on the assignment of airflow distribution by distal airway volume or airway cross-sectional area. For these two strains of laboratory mice, the dosimetry calculations made by using individual airway dimensions and assigning airflow by distal airway volume predicted the greatest difference in sensitivity to bronchoconstrictors. The comparison of lung dosimetry models also showed that airway-surface dosimetry and molecular bio-sensitivity may drive pulmonary hyperresponsiveness.
Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of nine sheep populations based on microsatellite markers

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of nine sheep populations, including two famous high prolific populations and seven popular mutton populations raised in China. Overall, these sheep populations in this study exhibited a rich genetic diversity. Both the expected heterozygosity and Nei's unbiased gene diversity ranged from 0.64 to 0.75, with the lowest value found in Dorset sheep (DST) and the highest in Hu sheep (HUS) and Ba Han sheep (BAS). The polymorphic information content (PIC) varied between 0.59 in DST and 0.71 in HUS and BAS. Specifically, for individual breeds, the small-tail Han sheep (STH) and the four introduced populations did not display the expected diversity; therefore more attention should be paid to the maintenance of diversity during management of these populations. The results of un-weighted pair-group method (UPGMA) phylogenetic tree and structure analysis indicated that the nine investigated populations can be divided into two groups. Suffolk (SUF) and DST were clustered in one group, and the other group can be further divided into three clusters: German Mutton Merino (GMM)–BAS–Bamei Mutton sheep (BAM), HUS–STH and Du Han (DOS)–Dorper (DOP). This clustering result is consistent with sheep breeding history. TreeMix analysis also hinted at the possible gene flow from GMM to SUF. Together, an in-depth view of genetic diversity and genetic relationship will have important implications for breed-specific management.
Induced breeding of telescopic eye gold fish (Carassius auratus auratus) using synthetic hormone (WOVA-FH)

The present study was aimed to perform induced breeding of Telescopic eye gold fish (Carassius auratus auratus) in captivity by administering WOVA-FH hormone at different doses. The study was conducted during the period from January-March, 2018 at Chennai, Tamil Nadu for 3 months. All the breeding pairs were bred including control. Significant (<0.05) difference were observed in the success rate of spawning at different dose among treatments and in control. WOVAFH at a dose of 0.7ml/kg and 1.4ml/Kg was found to be effective for male and female respectively with 74% fertilization rate, 82 % hatching rate and fecundity of 1185-1205 eggs/female. Variability in hormone dose induced resulted in variability in latency period (5-9hrs), fecundity (767-1205 eggs/female), fertilization rate (46-74%) and hatching rate (52-82%). The positive response to synthetic hormone (WOVA-FH) with considerable fecundity, fertilization and hatching rate makes it possible to conduct the breeding program of this species commercially and the method can be applicable for commercial culture.
Work-life balance among newly employed officers – a qualitative study

BACKGROUND A military career puts great demands on the individual as regards combining working life and private life. The military and the family both demand time, energy, engagement, and commitment from the individual. Finding an appropriate balance between work and non-work might be particularly complex during military training and deployments that require extended periods away from home. The aim of this study was to investigate newly employed officers’ perceptions of work-life balance and its implications for future careers. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE This article is based on 34 semi-structured interviews with newly employed officers and non-commissioned officers in the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF). The interviews were analyzed according to the six-phase approach of coding and theme development by thematic analysis. RESULTS The analysis resulted in the emergence of three main themes: coping with different loyalties, individual and organizational strategies, and concerns about the future. All officers expressed loyalty to their work and organization, but these perceptions were influenced by significant others in private life. High ambitions in combination with stressful working conditions made organizational supportive strategies important, but these differed between units. Concerns about a constantly high workload and lack of recovery were highlighted, as well as concerns about future career and family building. CONCLUSIONS In order to retain qualified personnel, the SAF should provide support and create conditions that help employees to balance work and non-work. A career in the Armed Forces will inevitably entail a reduced work-life balance, and our results show that the newly employed officers are highly aware of this. To ease the pressure, the SAF could be clearer about the expectations on their new employees.
Relationship of Forehead Aesthetics with Frontal Sinus Size and Skeletal Malocclusions

Objectives: Forehead inclination and aesthetics have received very limited attention, although forehead is critically important in obtaining total facial aesthetics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between frontal sinus fields, forehead morphology and skeletal malocclusion. Materials and Methods: A total of 224 extraoral lateral photographs and cephalometric radiographs from skeletal class I, class II and class III patients in post-pubertal period were investigated. Extraoral photographs and cephalometric radiographs were superimposed for each patient before measurements. The photographs were evaluated in three groups: Group A: Skeletal Class I malocclusions (n=85), Group B: Skeletal Class II malocclusions (n=74), Group C: Skeletal Class III malocclusions (n=65). All subjects from the three groups were classified according to the types of the foreheads, and then on the photographs, four different angle measurements (A1, A2, A3, A4) were performed. In addition, the frontal sinus (FS) fields were calculated using the RadiAnt Dicom Viewer (Beta version) on cephalometric and posterior-anterior radiographs. One-way ANOVA, Chisquare, and Student t tests were used for statistical evaluation. Results: No significant relationships between the skeletal malocclusions and the forehead types were seen. In Group C, the FS fields and A2 angles were higher than in the other groups. No gender-related variations were detected for any measurements. Conclusions: There was a limited correlation between malocclusions, frontal sinus and forehead morphology. Gender was not an element that creates morphological differences in forehead aesthetics.
Effects of Vitamin D and/or Aquatic Exercise on IL-1β and IL-1RA Serum Levels and Behavior of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Background & Aims: Immune system abnormalities such as inflammation, increased autoimmunity and the skewed expression of soluble mediators, including cytokines have been observed in autistic patients. The present study aimed to compare the effects of vitamin D supplementation and/or aquatic exercise training on the serum level of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL1RA, and stereotypic behaviors (S.B) of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Materials & Methods: We recruited 40 children with ASD (aged 6-14) and divided them into the aquatic exercise (n = 10), vitamin D supplementary (n=10), aquatic +supplementation (n=10), and control (n=10) groups. Participants in the aquatic exercise group performed water-based activities for 10 weeks/2 sessions per week/60 min, while the participants of the supplementary group orally received 50,000 IU vitamin D3/ day, and the combined group received both exercise and supplementation, control group did not get any intervention. We evaluated the participants’ serum levels of IL-1β, IL-1RA and S.B scores at baseline and the end of the treatment. Results: Results revealed that all three interventional approaches improved behavioral symptoms and IL-1β serum level; interestingly, only the combined intervention could significantly affect IL-1RA. Conclusions: We concluded that both aqua-based exercise and vitamin D supplements could lead to significant improvement in serum cytokine levels and behavioral problems in children with ASD.