Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elucidation of Genomic Structure, Biological Properties, and Functional Status of Canine MDA-7 and Its Receptors

ii Acknowledgement . v Dedication . vii List of Tables . xi List of figures . xii List of Abbreviations . xv I. Review of Literature . 1 1. Cancer Pathogenesis . 1 2. Discovery of Human MDA-7 . 3 3. Genomic structure of human MDA-7 . 4 4. Structure of human MDA-7 protein . 6 5. Expression profile of human MDA-7 . 9 6. MDA-7 orthologs in other species . 10 7. Alternative splicing at MDA-7 gene locus . 11 8. MDA-7 receptors . 12 9. Expression patterns and role of MDA-7 receptors . 15 10. Biological properties of MDA-7 . 16 11. Biological functions MDA-7 at supra-physiologicaL levels . 17
Expression profile of BMRPR1B gene in developing ovarian follicles of cross-bred Malabari goats

The study was performed to compare the expression of BMPR1B gene in whole follicles as well as granulosa cells from developing follicles of cross-bred Malabari goats. The study was conducted in about 120 ovaries of the cross-bred Malabari breed of goats retrieved from abattoir. The follicles were classified into large (>3 mm), small (1-3 mm) and very small (<1mm) based on the measurements taken using Stereo Zoom Microscope. The small and large follicles were isolated based on size for RNA isolation. Granulosa cells were also collected from the follicles of the same category by the aspiration method. The expression studies were carried out by real-time PCR. When the study was in whole follicles, BMPR1B gene was found to be 0.40 folds (p < 0.05) down-regulated in large follicles when compared with the small antral follicle. However, the expression level of BMPR1B did not differ between the follicles of different sizes when granulosa cells were subjected to analysis. Therefore, it was concluded that all the compartments in the ovarian follicle contribute for BMPR1B expression and there was downregulation of the expression in this protein as the follicles develop to final stages.
Effect of Weak Electro-Magnetic treatments on Seedling Growth and Protein properties of some Different Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L .) Cultivars

Seedling growth data were used during this study for the evaluation of nine wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Grains of different cultivars of wheat were exposed in batches to weak electric magnetic fields (3000 gauss or 0.3T of magnetic force) for 30 min. Twenty one days after planting the, seedling length and effect of magnetic treatments on protein patterns in the different wheat seedling cultivars, number of protein bands, molecular weights bands as well as percentage of protein band were determined and compared with the patterns of normal seedlings. The results showed that all magnetic field treatments caused an increased in the seedling length and all properties of protein patterns in different seedlings wheat cultivars Giza168, Tabouki, Kaseemi, Yamanei, Madini, Nagrani and Seds 12. The highest increase was observed when grain exposed to weak electric magnetic field strengths 0.3 T at 30 min and dip in magnetic water compared with control and cultivar Sakha93 showed decrease in seedling growth parameter and properties of seedling protein bands when exposed to all magnetic field treatments compared with controls, while cultivar Masr1 had no effected when treated compared with control.
Varietal Difference in Pre-germination Flooding Tolerance and Waterlogging Tolerance at the Seedling Stage in Maize Inbred Lines(Genetic Resources and Evaluation)

Maize inbred lines, mainly collected from Japan and the United States of America were evaluated for their pre-germination flooding tolerance and waterlogging tolerance at the seedling stage. Pre-germination flooding tolerance, evaluated by germination rate of the seeds soaked for 8 days at 25°C, showed wide variations among 46 lines. Waterlogging tolerance at the seedling stage was evaluated by the dry weight ratio (treatment/control) after exposure to flooding for 2 weeks. The waterlogging tolerance showed an extremely wide variation among 223 inbred lines, and some highly tolerant lines were selected. Correlation coefficients between replications were 0.415 in pre-germination flooding tolerance and 0.464 in waterlogging tolerance, indicating the significant repeatability of the experiments. Pre-germination flooding tolerance of maize was independent of the waterlogging tolerance at the seedling stage.
Sunlight-Driven Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Pomelo Peel Extract and Antibacterial Testing

A green approach, including using phytochemicals in pomelo peel extract (PPE) and direct sunlight, was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). PPE was prepared by treating pomelo peel with a citric acid solution at 85°C for 2 h. PPE was then mixed with AgNO3 and exposed to sunlight to induce the formation of AgNPs. Time-dependent UV-vis spectra of the reaction mixture demonstrated that AgNPs are formed under sunlight irradiation faster than underheating at 90°C. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, confirmed the formation of AgNPs with sizes of 20–30 nm. AgNPs synthesized in PPE were more stable toward electrolyte-induced aggregation than those synthesized using the conventional NaBH4/citrate method. The AgNPs synthesized in PPE showed antibacterial activities comparable to those of AgNO3 at the same silver concentration against four pathogenic bacterial strains. The obtained PPE containing AgNPs, pectin, and other phytochemicals can be utilized further to produce antibacterial and antioxidant films in food packaging and medical applications.
Biochemical and histopathological changes of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails exposed to bisphenol A

ABSTRACT The effects of sub-lethal concentrations of bisphenol A on some biochemical parameters in Biomphalaria alexandrina snail's hemolymph and tissues as well as on histological changes of the hermaphrodite gland were evaluated. Adult snails were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations for four weeks and samples of snails were investigated after two and four weeks. Total protein and albumin levels in hemolymph, as well as lipid peroxidation and glutathione contents of snails’ tissues, were measured. After two weeks of exposure, total protein content and albumin levels decreased in all groups. Elevation of lipid peroxidation levels was correlated with decreasing glutathione content in the treated snails. Histological examination of the hermaphrodite gland revealed deformations in eggs and affected sperm production.
Forest conservation incentives and deforestation in the Ecuadorian Amazon

SUMMARY Forest conservation incentives are a popular approach to combatting tropical deforestation. Here we consider a case where direct economic incentives for forest conservation were offered to newly titled smallholders in a buffer zone of a protected area in the northeastern Ecuadorian Amazon. We used quasi-experimental impact evaluation methods to estimate changes in forest cover for 63 smallholders enrolled in Ecuador's Socio Bosque program compared to similar households that did not enroll. Focus group interviews in 15 communities provided insight into why landowners enrolled in the program and how land use is changing. The conservation incentives program reduced average annual deforestation by 0.4–0.5% between 2011 and 2013 for those enrolled, representing as much as a 70% reduction in deforestation attributable to Socio Bosque. Focus group interviews suggested that some landowners chose to ‘invest’ in conservation because the agricultural capacity of their land was limited and economic incentives provided an alternative livelihood strategy. Interviews, however, indicated limits to increasing enrollment rates under current conditions, due to lack of trust and liquidity constraints. Overall, a hybrid public–private governance approach can lead to larger conservation outcomes than restrictions alone.
Trilocular Palm Fruits from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of India

Abundant silicified fruits formerly attributed to the Euphorbiaceae have been reinvestigated and found to represent Arecaceae. The fruits are from Ghughua near Shapura, in Madhya Pradesh, central India, of probable early Paleocene age. Fruits of Palmocarpon drypeteoides (Mehrotra, Prakash et Bande) comb. nov. are trilocular indehiscent drupes. The distinctive feature of germination pores, one of which is dorsally positioned near the base of each carpel, indicates that these fruits represent palms rather than a dicotyledonous family. Among extant Arecaceae, closest morphological and anatomical similarities are found among South American representatives of subtribe Attaleinae, within tribe Cocoseae, of the subfamily Arecoideae. These fossils indicate an early presence of Attaleinae in the Old World tropics and relatively rapid intercontinental dispersal in view of the hypothesized South American origin of the clade. Palmocarpon drypeteoides, together with three other palm fruit taxa and abundant vegetative remains previously published from the same beds, indicates that palms were diverse, as well as abundant, in the Ghughua flora of India.
Notes on the Food Habits of the Slimy Salamander Plethodon glutinosus glutinosus

During early summer Eurycea 1. longicauda (Green) was present in considerable numbers, more under logs than under stones. In order of lesser abundance, Plethodon c. cinereus (Green), Eurycea b. bislineata (Green), Desmognathus f. fuscus (Green), Pseudotriton r. ruber (Sonnini), and Gyrinophylus p. porphyriticus (Green) were also found. The most abundant animals found associated with the slimy salamander were ants, particularly plentiful in the valleys of Sherando Park. All salamanders were immediately placed in 70% alcohol to stop digestion as soon as possible after capture. Concentrations stronger than 70% caused considerable shrinkage to the organs, especially the stomach and its contents. In dissection a slit was made from the vent to the gular fold. The stomach was detached from the esophagus and removed with all the rest of the alimentary canal, severed at the vent. The enlarged cloacal region was included because many animal fragments, including the elytra of beetles, heads of ants, and segments of millipedes, could be extracted from it. The results of the food study are given in the following tables. Availability is probably the most important single factor governing the feeding habits of Plethodon g. glutinosus. Table I shows that Hymenoptera contributed most to this salamander's food, constituting nearly half the bulk. Some yellow jackets and wasps were found in the stomachs of the fall collection, but ants made up the greatest percentage of Hymenopterous bulk. Beetles were the second most abundant food item found.
Variation in Feeding Habits of the Arboreal Lizard Anolis nebulosus (Squamata: Dactyloidae) from Island and Mainland Populations in Mexican Pacific

Previous studies have shown that diet varies among seasons and age classes of lizard species inhabiting contrasting environments. The purpose of our study was to compare feeding habits between seasons (wet and dry), sexes (males and females), and age classes (juvenile and adult) of the arboreal lizard Anolis nebulosus from two different environments: a Pacific island (San Pancho Island) and the mainland Pacific Coast (Biological Field Station Chamela) of Mexico. Anolis nebulosus from island and mainland were generalist insectivores. During the dry season, the prey number consumed by lizards from island was lower than for lizards from mainland. With respect to numerical and volumetric data of prey items consumed by females and males for both age classes (adults and juveniles) in both populations (island and mainland), adult beetles, ants, orthopterans (grasshopper and crickets), and spiders were most frequently preyed upon. These results suggest that there are no ontogenetic changes in the diet of A. nebulosus and there is high dietary overlap of all groups (sexes and age classes) within both populations. Selection of this kind of prey by lizards from both age classes may be an overall trend in most species of Anolis, an opportunistic behavior toward the most abundant prey types that occur among seasons and years.
Desempeño del crecimiento y sobrevivencia de larvas de Oreochromis ssp. utilizando un probiótico en el alimento

The efficiency of a bio-prepared with probiotic characteristics was evaluated for promoting growth and survival of red tilapia Oreochromis ssp during sexual inversion. Through four treatments, under a completely randomized design were seeded four larvae L-1 in aquariums of 20 L, to which they were delivered, for 45 days, with Hormone commercial food of 45% CP, plus the addition of bio -prepared composed for malt extract broth and a yeast of the genus Saccharomyces in concentrations: 104 (T1), 106 (T2), 108 CFU ml-1 (T3) and (T4) control without the addition of bio-prepared. At the beginning and end of the experiment the larvae were weighed (mg), measured (cm) and counted. The physical and chemical parameters monitored water remained within ranges considered normal for fish species. The highest values for the variables of larval growth were recorded in the T2 and T3; Final weight (Pf) (305.9 ± 113.2 and 326.1 ± 79.5mg), weight gain (Gp) (299.2 ± 113.2 and 319.4 ± 79.5mg) Final Length (Lf) (2.5 ± 0.3 and 2.5 ± 0.2cm), Gain length (Gl) (1.7 ± 0.3 and 1.7 ± 0.2cm) and specific growth rate (G) (12.5 ± 0.7 and 12.7 ± 0.5% / day), likewise, the highest values of survival (S) of the larvae were recorded in T3 (68.1 ± 6.8%) and T2 (59.4 ± 20.2%). Therefore the best results were presented in larvae of T2 and T3, to which were given the bio-prepared, showing that the larvae of red tilapia have better growth and survival with the implementation of a bio-prepared probiotic.
Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) from two forest fragments in northern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Aiming to contribute to the knowledge concerning diversity of the butterflies in the Atlantic Rainforest of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, a systematic survey was carried out in the city of Frederico Westphalen from November 2006 to June 2007, in two sampling localities. The total sampling efforts was 80 h, in which 1.785 samples were recorded, distributed in 161 species. From the latter, 51.57 % (83) belongs to the Nymphalidae family, Hesperiidae 20.49 % (33), Pieridae 8.69 % (14), Riodinidae 6.83 % (11), Papilionidae 6.21 % (10), Lycaenidae 6.21 % (10). Regarding the sampled species, 79.50 % (128) were recorded at both studied sites.
Blood parameters in the Morada Nova sheep: influence of age, sex and body condition score.

The present study was aimed at determining the serum biochemical panel and the erythocytogram of the sheep of the Morada Nova breed. Further, it was also aimed at verifying the variations of these parameters promoted by the sex, age, and body condition score. The study was conducted by sampling nine herds; two from Ceará state, five from Rio Grande do Norte state, and two from Paraíba state, Brazil. It used a sample of 249 clinically healthy sheep of the Morada Nova breed. The sex, age, and body condition score were recorded from each animal. Blood samples were collected for determining the serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine, total proteins, albumin, globulins and thyroxine (T4), the serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), the number of red blood cells (RBCs), and the packed cell volume (PCV). It was observed that the evaluated blood parameters from the Morada Nova sheep breed did not demonstrate any variation from the reference interval established for the species, except for the lower levels of globulins and higher albumin/globulins ratio. However, it was verified that the serum biochemical panel was affected by the sex, age, and body score condition.
Examining the combined effects of dissolved oxygen, temperature, and body size on the physiological responses of a model macrobenthic polychaete species, Capitella teleta

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iv DEDICATION . v LIST OF TABLES . xiii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . xvii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xxv CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Temperature and Hypoxia . 1 1.2 Physiological Response to Increasing Temperature and Decreasing Dissolved Oxygen . 3 1.3 Body Size Relationships . 6 1.4 Model Species . 7 1.5 Conclusion . 9 CHAPTER II – SYNERGYSTIC INTERACTIONS OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND TEMPERATURE ON THE ALLOMETRIC AEROBIC RESPIRATORY RESPONSE OF A MODEL TOLERANT POLYCHAETE, CAPITELLA TELETA . 11 2.
PROTEASE INHIBITORS AS ANTICANCER AGENTS

Protease inhibitors (PIs) encompass a large group of proteins that regulate the hydrolytic activity of proteolytic enzymes and play important physiological roles in all the living organisms. The protease/PI balance is necessary for cellular homeostasis, though, when such balance is broken, pathological conditions like cancer development are induced. The study of PIs as anti-cancer agents has been an important subject of research since more than three decades ago. There are a variety of mechanisms by which PIs perform their effects which depend on two main aspects: the nature, structure and functions of PI and, the interaction with a complex microenvironment that differs, even between cancers originated on the same source. There are many promissory cases, as well as, failures and paradoxical examples of PIs in the treatment of cancer which must be taken into consideration to propouse PI as possible part of the pharmaceutilcal strategies against cancer. In the following chapter the recent knowledge regarding signaling pathways involved in the anti-cancer effect of different classes of PIs, as well as their main features and the current perspectives in regard with their application as anti-cancer drugs will be discussed.
Labellicula, a new diatom genus (Bacillariophyta) from Ile de la Possession (Crozet Archipelago, Subantarctica)

Un nouveau genre de diatomees, Labellicula, est decrit a partir de quelques echantillons de sol provenants de l'ile de la Possession (archipel Crozet, Subantarctique). Ce genre naviculoide presente certainesaffinites avec Brachysira, Diadesmis, Fistulifera, Neidium et Luticola mais presente aussi une combinaison de caracteres unique comme la presence d'un stigma, de grandes alveoles ouvertes et allongees, ainsi qu'une structure de raphe relativement simple. Jusqu'a present, une seule espece, Labellicula subantarctica sp. nov., est placee dans ce genre. L'ecologie de cette espece est decrite et sa morphologie est comparee avec celle de genres similaires.
LIFE HISTORY OF THE CARIDEAN SHRIMP

The life history ofPericlimenes ornatus, an obligate symbiont of the sea anemone Parasicyonis maxima, was studied in southwest Japan. Ovigerous females occurred year-round, and the proportion of such females was high from May-November. Most of the settlement of juveniles took place from August-October. Females had higher growth rates and attained larger sizes at sexual maturity than males. The eggs of P. ornatus were of about average dimensions among caridean shrimps, but the brood size was relatively large. Most juveniles that settled in August and early September attained sexual maturity and reproduced within the year (the first generation), whereas juveniles that settled later did not reach maturity within the year. The immature shrimps that had overwintered reached maturity in the next reproductive season (the second generation). A fraction of the first generation survived into the next reproductive season and, together with the second generation, was the source of the following generations.
Genotypes of Helicobacter pylori isolated from various acid peptic diseases in and around Lucknow

The vacuolating cytotoxin and the cytotoxin-associated protein, encoded by vacA and cagA respectively, are important virulence determinants of Helicobacter pylori. A total of 79 clinical isolates of H. pylori were characterized for vacA and cagA genes using specific primers. Fifty-five (69.6%) of 79 strains had vacA signal sequence genotype sla, 13 (16.4%) had type s1b and 11 (14%) had type s2. The vacA middle-region types ml and m2 were detected in 51 (64.6%) and 28 (35.4%) strains. The combinations s1a/m1 (42 [53.2%]), s1a/m2 (13 [16.5%]), s1b/m1 (9 [11.4%]), and s1b/m2 (4 [5.1%]) occurred more frequently than s2/m2 (11 [13.9%)]. No strains with s2/m1 were found (P < 0.01). Thirty-one (86.1%) of 36 patients with ulcers harboured type sla strains, in contrast to 17 (68%) of 25 patients with gastritis. Moreover, all isolates from patients with ulcer, gastritis and gastric cancer were cagA + , but only 10 (76.9%) of 13 isolates from patients with portal hypertension carried the cagA gene. Strains possessing vacA type s1 (37 [66.1%] of 56) were more frequently associated with vacuolating cytotoxicity than type s2 strains (P < 0.01). These results indicate that cagA + , s1a/m1 type strains are associated with occurrence of peptic ulceration and cytotoxin activities common in and around Lucknow.
Joint effects of maternal and offspring sizes on clutch mass and fecundity in plants and animals

Abstract:The allometries of clutch mass and number of offspring per clutch are strikingly similar in data from eight different taxa – metatherians, eutherians, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, crustaceans and plants - drawn from the literature (n = 1451). Although clutch mass (C in g) was largely a function of maternal size (Wf in g), offspring size (Wo in g) consistently had a small, positive effect, so that organisms with larger individual offspring tend to have somewhat larger clutch masses: log10 C = -0.31 + 0.78 log10 Wf + 0.14 log10 Wo (r2 = 0.93). The trade-off between offspring size and offspring number is so strong that fecundity (F, number of offspring/clutch) cannot be predicted without considering both maternal and offspring size, but when they are considered simultaneously, one equation fits all: log10 F = -0.32 + 0.79 log10 Wf -0.88 log10 Wo (r2 = 0.92). The effects of taxon in both regressions were significant but small relative to maternal and offspring size. Regressions on both maternal.
In Vitro Plantlet Production from Young Capitulum Explants of Gerbera jamesonii

Two clones of Gerbera jamesonii were propagated in vitro from fragments of young capitulum, 0.5 to 0.7 cm in diameter. These were cut into 20 to 25 explants and placed on several media. Media containing 0.57 μm (0.1 mg/liter) indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 4.4 or 8.8 μm (1 or 2 mg/liter) 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) gave best shoot production. Three mineral solutions were tested. All shoots over 0.5 cm rooted regardless of the IAA level in the medium.