Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of the radial flows on the chemical evolution of the Milky Way disk

Context. The majority of chemical evolution models assume that the Galactic disk forms by means of infall of gas and divide the disk into several independent rings without exchange of matter between them. However, if gas infall is important, radial gas flows should be taken into account as a dynamical consequence of infall. Aims. We test the effects of radial gas flows on detailed chemical evolution models (one-infall and two-infall) of the Milky Way disk with different prescriptions for the infall law and star formation rate. Methods. We modified the equation of chemical evolution to include radial gas flows according to the method described in Portinari & Chiosi (2000, A&A, 355, 929). Results. We found that with a gas radial inflow of constant speed the metallicity gradient tends to steepen. Taking into account a constant timescale for the infall rate along the Galaxy disk and radial flows with a constant speed, we obtained too flat a gradient, at variance with data, implying that an inside-out formation and/or a variable gas flow speed are required. To explain the observed gradients, the gas flow should increase in modulus with the galactocentric distance, in both the one-infall and two-infall models. However, the inside-out disk formation coupled with a threshold in the gas density (only in the two-infall model) for star formation and/or a variable efficiency of star formation with galactocentric distance can also reproduce the observed gradients without radial flows. Conclusions. We show that the radial flows can be the most important process in reproducing abundance gradients but only with a variable gas speed. Finally, one should consider that uncertainties in the data concerning gradients prevent us from drawing firm conclusions. Future more detailed data will help us to ascertain whether the radial flows are a necessary ingredient in the formation and evolution of the Galactic disk and disks in general.
Antifungal and Antiaflatoxigenic Activities of Different Plant Extracts against Aspergillus flavus

In the current study, four organic solvents, including ethanol, methanol, acetone, and diethyl ether, were used to extract turmeric, wheat bran, and taro peel. The efficiency of three different concentrations of each solvent was assessed for their antifungal and anti-mycotoxin production against Aspergillus flavus. The results indicated that 75% ethanolic and 25% methanolic extracts of taro peels and turmeric were active against fungus growth, which showed the smallest fungal dry weight ratios of 1.61 and 2.82, respectively. Furthermore, the 25% ethanolic extract of turmeric showed the best result (90.78%) in inhibiting aflatoxin B1 production. After 30 days of grain storage, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production was effectively inhibited, and the average inhibition ratio ranged between 4.46% and 69.01%. Simultaneously, the Topsin fungicide resulted in an inhibition ratio of 143.92%. Taro extract (25% acetone) produced the highest total phenolic content (61.28 mg GAE/g dry extract wt.) and showed an antioxidant capacity of 7.45 μg/mL, followed by turmeric 25% ethanol (49.82 mg GAE/g), which revealed the highest antioxidant capacity (74.16 μg/mL). RT-qPCR analysis indicated that the expression of aflD, aflP, and aflQ (structural genes) and aflR and aflS (regulatory genes) was down-regulated significantly compared to both untreated and Topsin-treated maize grains. Finally, the results showed that all three plant extracts could be used as promising source materials for potential products to control aflatoxin formation, thus creating a safer method for grain storage in the environment than the currently used protective method.
Global analysis of nuclear parton distributions

We present a new global QCD analysis of nuclear parton distribution functions and their uncertainties. In addition to the most commonly analyzed data sets for the deep-inelastic scattering of charged leptons off nuclei and Drell-Yan di-lepton production, we include also measurements for neutrino-nucleus scattering and inclusive pion production in deuteron-gold collisions. The analysis is performed at next-to-leading order accuracy in perturbative QCD in a general mass variable flavor number scheme, adopting a current set of free nucleon parton distribution functions, defined accordingly, as reference. The emerging picture is one of consistency, where universal nuclear modification factors for each parton flavor reproduce the main features of all data without any significant tension among the different sets. We use the Hessian method to estimate the uncertainties of the obtained nuclear modification factors and examine critically their range of validity in view of the sparse kinematic coverage of the present data. We briefly present several applications of our nuclear parton densities in hard nuclear reactions at BNL-RHIC, CERN-LHC, and a future electron-ion collider.
Three-dimensional modeling of human organs and its application to diagnosis and surgical planning

We describe a method to obtain a 3D representation of objects given by a series of parallel cross-sections. We define a contour-to-contour connection based on geometric closeness and show a practical way to calculate an approximation using the Delaunay trinagulation. The performance of our method is shown on several medical examples. We further evaluate the precision of 3D models reconstructed from synthetic data and compare it to the marching cube reconstruction. In the third part, we use the 3D model of a pelvis and a fetal head for simulating a delivery. We calculate the forces applying on the head and define a measure of adequateness. This measure may be interesting for the decision of making a cesarean section.
Analytical and semianalytical solutions to the kinetic equation with Coulomb collision term and a monoenergetic source function

Analytical and semianalytical solutions have been obtained using a practical dimensionless form of Boltzmann kinetic equation assuming spatial homogeneity, azimuthal symmetry, and Maxwellian distributions of target plasma species. In contrast with formerly considered simplified equations with truncated collision terms, the exact Landau–Boltzmann collision operator is used, which conserves the number of particles, nullifies the collision term at statistical equilibrium, and describes the Maxwellization process naturally observed in correct solutions. A comparison with previous stationary and time-dependent analytical solutions is given. The new semianalytical results can be used in numerical modeling, for verification of solutions in more complex models, and in experimental data analysis, especially concerning nuclear processes and advanced localized, angle-resolved suprathermal particle diagnostics.
TESTING GRAVITY USING THE GROWTH OF LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE IN THE UNIVERSE

Future galaxy surveys hope to distinguish between the dark energy and modified gravity scenarios for the accelerating expansion of the universe using the distortion of clustering in redshift space. The aim is to model the form and size of the distortion to infer the rate at which large-scale structure grows. We test this hypothesis and assess the performance of current theoretical models for the redshift space distortion using large volume N-body simulations of the gravitational instability process. We simulate competing cosmological models which have identical expansion histories—one is a quintessence dark energy model with a scalar field and the other is a modified gravity model with a time-varying gravitational constant—and demonstrate that they do indeed produce different redshift space distortions. This is the first time that this approach has been verified using a technique that can follow the growth of structure at the required level of accuracy. Our comparisons show that theoretical models for the redshift space distortion based on linear perturbation theory give a surprisingly poor description of the simulation results. Furthermore, the application of such models can give rise to catastrophic systematic errors leading to incorrect interpretation of the observations. We show that an improved model is able to extract the correct growth rate. Further enhancements to theoretical models of redshift space distortions, calibrated against simulations, are needed to fully exploit the forthcoming high-precision clustering measurements.
DRL-UTPS: DRL-Based Trajectory Planning for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Data Collection in Dynamic IoT Network

Using highly maneuverable Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) to collect data is a fast and efficient method that is widely studied. In most studies, they assume that the UAVs can obtain the location of the Cluster Head (CH) before take-off, allocate CHs, and optimize the trajectory in advance. However, in many real scenarios, many sensing devices are deployed in areas with no basic communication infrastructure or cannot communicate with the Internet due to emergencies such as disasters. In this kind of sensing network, the surviving devices often change, and the CHs cannot be known and allocated in advance, thus bringing new challenges to the efficient data collection of the networks by using UAVs. In this paper, a UAV path planning scheme for IoT networks based on reinforcement learning is proposed. It plans hover points for UAV by learning the historical location of CHs and maximizes the probability of meeting CHs and plans the shortest UAV path to visit all hover points by using the simulated annealing method. In addition, an algorithm to search for the location of CHs is proposed which is named Cluster-head Searching Algorithm with Autonomous Exploration Pattern (CHSA-AEP). By using CHSA-AEP, our scheme enables the UAV to respond to the position change of the CHs. Finally, we compare our scheme with other algorithms (area coverage algorithms and random algorithm). It is found that our proposed scheme is superior to other methods in energy efficiency and time utilization ratio.
Mitigative Potential of Novel Lactobacillus plantarum TISTR 2076 against the Aflatoxins-Associated Oxidative Stress and Histopathological Alterations in Liver and Kidney of Broiler Chicks during the Entire Growth Period

Aflatoxins are the secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and have severe pathological effects on the health of human and animals. The present study was designed to investigate the toxicopathological changes induced by aflatoxins and mitigative potential of Lactobacillus plantarum in broiler birds. One hundred and eighty broiler chicks at one day of age was procured from the local market, and chicks were equally divided into six groups with thirty birds in each group. These birds were treated with aflatoxins (300 and 600 µg/kg) and Lactobacillus plantarum (1 × 108 cfu/kg of feed) in different combinations. The first group was kept as the control, and only a basal diet was provided to birds (BD). In the second group (AF1), the first level of aflatoxins (300 µg/kg) was fed to the birds. In the third group (AF2), the second level of aflatoxins (600 µg/kg) was fed to birds. In the fourth group (AF1LP), Lactobacillus plantarum was given with first level of aflatoxins. In the fifth group (AF2LP), Lactobacillus plantarum was given with the second level of aflatoxins, and in the 6th group (BDLP), Lactobacillus plantarum alone was fed to the chicks. This experimental study was continued for 42 days. Birds were slaughtered after 42 days, and different parameters were assessed. Parameters studied were gain in body weight, organ weight along with some histopathological, hematological, biochemical parameters and residues of aflatoxins in liver and kidney. Lactobacillus plantarum improved the body weight gain and restored the relative organ weight. Hepatic and renal biomarkers returned to normal concentrations, serum proteins were restored in combination group AF1LP, and partial amelioration was observed in the AF2LP group. Red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin centration and packed cell volume became normalized in the AF1LP group, while partial amelioration was observed in the AF2LP group. LP also reduced the concentration of aflatoxin residues in liver kidney and improved the TAC concentrations. The results of this study elucidated the mitigative potential of Lactobacillus plantarum against serum biochemical, histopathological, hematological and toxicopathological changes induced by aflatoxins in the chicks.
Deep-Learning-Based Stroke Screening Using Skeleton Data from Neurological Examination Videos

According to the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, in 2017, the elderly, aged 65 or older, had an average of 2.7 chronic diseases per person. The concern for the medical welfare of the elderly is increasing due to a low birth rate, an aging population, and the lack of medical personnel. The demand for services that take user age, cognitive capacity, and difficulty into account is rising. As a result, there is an increased demand for smart healthcare systems that can lower hospital admissions and offer patients individualized care. This has motivated us to develop an AI system that can easily screen and manage neurological diseases through videos. As neurological diseases can be diagnosed by visual analysis to some extent, in this study, we set out to estimate the possibility of a person having a neurological disease from videos. Among neurological diseases, we focus on stroke because it is a common condition in the elderly population and results in high mortality and morbidity worldwide. The proposed method consists of three steps: (1) transforming neurological examination videos into landmark data, (2) converting the landmark data into recurrence plots, and (3) estimating the possibility of a stroke using deep neural networks. Major features, such as the hand, face, pupil, and body movements of a person are extracted from test videos taken under several neurological examination protocols using deep-learning-based landmark extractors. Sequences of these landmark data are then converted into recurrence plots, which can be interpreted as images. These images can be fed into convolutional neural networks to classify stroke using feature-fusion techniques. A case study of the application of a disease screening test to assess the capability of the proposed method is presented.
Comparison of Breast Cancer and Cervical Cancer in Uzbekistan and Korea: The First Report of The Uzbekistan–Korea Oncology Consortium

In general, as a country’s economy, education level, and life expectancy increase, the incidence of cancer increases. This is because the peak incidence of cancer occurs in individuals in their 70s and 80s, and the health proportion of non-communicable diseases increases with the development of the living environment. Changes in diet, lifestyle and enhanced methods of detection contribute to an increase in cancer incidence as well. Recently, Uzbekistan has grown rapidly, and its incidence of cancer is also increasing. In the health management of cancer, not only treatment but also the identification and prevention of causes and effective screening should be considered. South Korea has a common ethnicity with Uzbekistan and has successfully performed national screening for seven major cancers over the past 20 years. The 5-year survival rate after cancer diagnosis in Korea was only 42.9% 20 years ago, but recently it has improved to 70.7%. We formed an advisory consortium in which oncologists from Uzbekistan and Korea could cooperate for cancer management in Uzbekistan. This advisory consortium intends to present the necessary considerations and recommendations for cancer management in Uzbekistan by examining the literature and cancer statistics of Uzbekistan and South Korea. In addition to the overall analysis, we identified and reviewed the major cancers with high morbidity in three categories in Uzbekistan: gynecological cancer (breast and cervical cancer), cancer common in men (lung and liver cancer), and gastrointestinal cancer (stomach and colorectal cancer). This review covers the general cancer statistics of Uzbekistan and a detailed review of gynecological cancer between two countries, and relevant recommendations.
Polyynyl-Substituted PAH Molecules and DIB Carriers

Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules have been long considered promising candidates for the carriers of the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs). The PAH-DIB hypothesis, however, raises two major issues. First, the number of interstellar PAH species is potentially orders of magnitude larger than the number of DIBs. Second, the absorption spectrum of a PAH is in general dominated by bands found at UV wavelengths while, conversely, DIBs are absent from the UV wavelength domain and arise at visible and near IR wavelengths. These issues do not necessarily weaken the PAH-DIB hypothesis and can actually allow us to refine it. In that context, we analyze the UV/vis absorption spectra of PAH molecules isolated in Ne matrices and propose that polyynyl-substituted PAHs, or similar species, are valid candidates for the carriers of the DIBs. Finally, a possible lifecycle for DIB-carrying PAHs is presented.
Highly Sensitive, Robust, and Recyclable TiO2/AgNP Substrate for SERS Detection

Label-free biosensors provide an important platform for detecting chemical and biological substances without needing extra labeling agents. Unlike surface-based techniques such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), interference, and ellipsometry, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) possesses the advantage of monitoring analytes both on surfaces and in solutions. Increasing the SERS enhancement is crucial to preparing high-quality substrates without quickly losing their stability, sensitivity, and repeatability. However, fabrication methods based on wet chemistry, nanoimprint lithography, spark discharge, and laser ablation have drawbacks of waste of time, complicated processes, or nonreproducibility in surface topography. This study reports the preparation of recyclable TiO2/Ag nanoparticle (AgNP) substrates by using simple arc ion plating and direct-current (dc) magnetron sputtering technologies. The deposited anatase-phased TiO2 ensured the photocatalytic degradation of analytes. By measuring the Raman spectra of rhodamine 6G (R6G) in titrated concentrations, a limit of detection (LOD) of 10−8 M and a SERS enhancement factor (EF) of 1.01 × 109 were attained. Self-cleaning was performed via UV irradiation, and recyclability was achieved after at least five cycles of detection and degradation. The proposed TiO2/AgNP substrates have the potential to serve as eco-friendly SERS enhancers for label-free detection of various chemical and biological substances.
The effect of e-commerce advertising exposure Lazada buying behavior teenagers at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Surabaya

The amount of interest of producers in using advertising as a medium for marketing products shows that advertising has an important role as an effective communication medium in introducing and promoting a product to consumers. Currently, advertisements have begun to mushroom in all mass media, including print media, electronic media and the internet. The high use of the internet in Indonesia has made producers more aggressive in promoting a product to consumers through internet media such as Lazada e-commerce ads. The number of facilities offered has received a very good response from the Indonesian people. With the ease of access provided and the relatively cheap prices of goods, it leads people to consumptive behavior. This study uses a quantitative approach. Survey research methods. This type of research explanatory research. The population in this study were students of SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Surabaya from the 2015-2017 class. The research sample was 186 people. This study has 2 independent variables (Ad Impression Intensity and Advertising Element), and 1 dependent variable (Buying Behavior). Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires. Hypothesis testing is done with multiple linear regression showing the influence between the intensity of advertising impressions and advertising elements on buying behavior, as evidenced by the results of the F test that Fcount> Ftable (111.280> 2.89). The result of the significance can be seen that 0.000 <0.05. The results of the T test for X1 show that the value of tcount ttable (14.521> 1.298), so the variable element of advertising has an effect on buying behavior.
Giant $g$-factors of Natural Impurities in Synthetic Quartz

We report the observation of g-factors of natural paramagnetic impurities in a pure synthetic quartz crystal at milli-Kelvin temperatures. Measurements are made by performing spectroscopy using multiple high-Q whispering gallery modes sustained in the crystal. Extreme sensitivity of the method at low temperatures allows the determination of natural residual impurities introduced during the crystal growth. We observe g-factors that significantly differ from integer multiples of the electron g-factor in vacuum, and with values of up to 7.6, which reveals much stronger coupling between impurities and the crystal lattice than in previous studies. Both substitutional and interstitial ions are proposed as candidates for the observed interactions.
Phylogenetic Supertrees: Combining Information To Reveal The Tree Of Life

List of contributors. Preface and acknowledgements. Introduction. New uses for old phylogenies: an introduction to the volume O.R. P. Bininda-Emonds. 1: Reviews of existing methods. The MRP method B.R. Baum, M.A. Ragan. An assessment of matrix representation with compatibility in supertree construction H.A. Ross, A.G. Rodrigo. MRF supertrees J.G. Burleigh, O.Eulenstein, D. Fernandez-Baca, M. J. Sanderson l. Everything you always wanted to know about average consensus and more F. -J. Lapointe, C. Levasseur. Tangled trees from multiple markers: reconciling conflict between phylogenies to build molecular supertrees J. Cotton, R.R. M. Page. 2: New supertree methods. Supertree methods for ancestral divergence dates and other applications D. Bryant, C. Semple, M. Steel Supertree algorithms for nested taxa P. Daniel, C. Semple. Quartet supertrees R. Piaggio-Talice, J.G. Burleigh, O. Eulenstein Bayesian supertrees F. Ronquist, J. Huelsenbeck, T. Britton 3: Methodological considerations. Some desiderata for liberal supertrees M. Wilkinson, J.L. Thorley, D. Pisani, F. -J. Lapointe, J.O. McInerney Taxonomy, supertrees and the Tree of Life R.R. M. Page. Garbage in, garbage out: data issues in supertree construction O.R. P. Bininda-Emonds, K.E> Jones, S.A. Price, M. Cardillo, A. Purvis Reconstucting divergence times for supertrees: a molecular approach R. Vos, A. Mooers. Performance of supertree methods on various data set decompositions U. Roshan, B.M. E. Moret, T.L. Williams, T. Warnow 4: A critical look at supertrees. Unrooted supertrees: Limitations, traps and phylogenic patchworks S. Bocker. The cladistics of matrixrepresentation with parsimony analysis H.N. Bryant. A critique of matrix representation with parsimony supertrees J. Gatesby, M. Springer. Supertrees, components and three-item data D.M. Williams. 5: Supertrees and their applications. A molecular supertree of the Artiodactyla A.S. Mahon. Supertrees: using complete phylogenies in comparative biology J.L. Gittleman, et al. Using supertrees to investigate species richness in grasses and flowering plants N. Salamin, T.J. Davies. Detecting diversification rate variation in supertrees B.R. Moore, K.M.A. Chan, M.J. Donothue Taxon index. Subject index.
Search for an optimal light-extracting surface derived from the morphology of a firefly lantern

Abstract. Fireflies light up our warm summer evenings. There is more physics behind these little animals than any one of us could imagine. We analyze from a physical point of view one structure found on the firefly lantern, the one which best improves light extraction. Moreover, simulations will be done to show why this specific structure may be more effective than one designed by humans.