Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Maximal Oxygen Intake, Body Fat and Bone Marker Measurements in Different Sports Branches

Objectives: The purpose of our study is to evaluate the interaction between maximal oxygen intake, body composition and some bone marker measurements in Turkish elite players. Methods: A total of 51 Turkish players of Turkish Super League from following disciplines were included in the study: football (25 players), basketball (12 players) and volleyball (14 players). Maximal oxygen intake as a cardiorespiratory fitness measurement and some anthropometric measurements such as body weight, fat mass, fat free mass were measured. We analyzed the serum samples for total serum 25(OH)D and calcium levels. The data of individuals were categorized as indoor sports (volleyball and basketball) and outdoor sports (football); also according to the branches. Results: In this study, it was found that, fat mass (p=.019) and fat free mass (p=.000) were significantly higher for indoor sports athletes. On the contrary, VO 2 max intake (p=.001) and serum vitamin 25(OH)D (p=.000) levels were significantly lower in indoor athletes. For all participants, only 51.0% subjects had sufficient serum vitamin 25(OH)D. It was found that vitamin D levels was inversely related with body weight (spearman r=-0.41, p=.003), fat free mass (spearman r:-0.51, p=.000) and BMR (spearman r:-0.35, p=.012). We found no significant correlation between total calcium levels and any of the other parameters. Conclusion: In Turkish athletes, better cardiorespiratory fitness and lower percent of body fat were associated with higher serum 25(OH)D level. All these data were independent of serum total calcium level.
Assessment of Different Stressed Conditions Associated with Blood Group and WBCs among Medical Students and their Management with Anti-Oxidant Therapy and Yoga

1 Bedanta Roy, M.Sc, Assistant Professor, Physiology, MCOMS, Pokhara, Nepal. Dr. Aman Verma, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, JNU, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Dr. Iftikhar Ahmed Khan, MD, Professor, Physiology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal. Dr. Indarjit Banerjee, MD, Assistant Professor, Pharmacology, SSR Medical College, Belle Rive, Mauritius. Dr. Brijesh Sathian, Ph.D.Assistant Professor, Community Medicine, MCOMS, Pokhara, Nepal.
Self-Quadruplexing Circularly Polarized SIW Cavity-Backed Slot Antennas

In this communication, three self-quadruplexing circularly polarized (CP) antennas are presented in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology for quad-band wireless services. The proposed antennas radiate from four unequal length T-shape slots etched on a square SIW cavity. The antennas are excited by four microstrip lines. The T-shape slot placed at each corner of the cavity creates orthogonal electric fields having 90° phase difference, which leads to CP radiation. The first antenna provides left hand circular polarization (LHCP), while the second antenna provides right hand circular polarization (RHCP) in all the bands. The third antenna offers LHCP in two bands and RHCP in other two bands. The sense of polarization can be changed by simply changing the slot orientation. Furthermore, the bands can be tuned almost independently over a wide range of frequency. For all the antennas, the measured isolations among the ports are more than 26 dB, front-to-back ratio (FTBR) is more than 15 dB, and the measured gain is at least 5.2 dBi.
Design and Analysis of Rotated-QAM Based Probabilistic Shaping Scheme for Rayleigh Fading Channels

Probabilistic shaping (PS) combined with bipolar amplitude shift keying modulation is a promising transmission scheme. However, such 1-dimensional PS scheme inevitably suffers shaping loss in Rayleigh fading channels due to the lack of signal diversity. In this paper, we design a rotated quadrature amplitude modulation based PS strategy. With the discrete inputs, the ergodic constellation constrained (CC) capacity is derived based on the mutual information conditioned on full channel state information available at the receiver, which is found to be mutually influenced by both the probability mass function (PMF) and the rotation angle (RA) of the input signals. Furthermore, the closed-form cutoff rate is also derived to simplify the analysis, which is the lower bound of the mutual information with finite decoding complexity. Correspondingly, the optimizations of RA and PMF are both considered for maximizing the ergodic CC capacity and the cutoff rate, respectively, where the single parameter RA is firstly obtained by the exhaustive search. And then, the optimal PMFs of the subproblem for the fixed RAs and the fixed constellation scaling factor are obtained. Furthermore, with this non-equiprobable transmission scheme, the closed-form pairwise error probability is derived for the first time, which also validates the superiority of the proposed PS scheme in comparison with the uniform schemes with elaborate rotations.
Individual Cryptomeria fortunei Hooibrenk Clones Show Varying Degrees of Chilling Stress Resistance

Low temperature (LT) is an important abiotic factor affecting plant survival, growth and distribution. The response of Cryptomeria fortunei (Chinese cedar) to LT is not well known, limiting its application in production and ornamental value. In this study, we first screened ten clones (#3, #25, #32, #42, #54, #57, #68, #66, #74, #X1), originating from five different locations in China, for their degrees of cold resistance. We then selected the two showing the highest (#32) and lowest (#42) cold resistance to see the physiological and morphological response of different cold-resistant C. fortunei clones to LT. We found that the electrolyte leakage of all ten clones increased strongly between 0 and −8 °C, while below −8 or between 4 and 0 °C did not yield additional increases. Under cold stress, clones #32 and #42 showed different degrees of needle browning. From 25 to −20 °C, maximum and effective quantum yields of photosystem II (Fv/Fm and YII) and photochemical and non-photochemical quenching (qP and NPQ) decreased continuously in two clones with decreasing temperature, where #42 was more strongly affected compared with #32. The chlorophyll content first decreased significantly to the lowest from 25 to −12 °C, then increased significantly at −16/−20 °C compared with −12 °C. We observed changes in needle cellular ultrastructure at −8 °C, with chloroplasts of #32 swelling, while those of #42 were destroyed. Correlation analysis indicated that needle browning and chlorophyll fluorescence were closely related to temperature, and cellular ultrastructure changed notably around semi-lethal temperature (LT50), which can be used as physiological indicators for the identification of cold resistance. We found a clear difference in cold tolerance between clones of #32 and #42, with #32 being more tolerant, which can be exploited in breeding programs. We conclude that strongly cold-resistant clones have more stable physiological states and a wider adaptability to LT compared with weak ones.
Doped Arsenene Nanoribbon as a Promising Candidate for Sensing Toxic Gas Molecules: Theoretical Approach

Arsenene, a novel two-dimensional semiconducting material, has recently attracted a growing attention due to its interesting features which can be changed by chemical reactions with different molecules. In this work, the sensing properties of boron doped arsenene for different toxic molecules are calculated with first-principle method based on density functional theory. The adsorption energy, Mulliken charge and adsorbate– arsenene distance are studied for target molecules on pristine arsenene nanoribbon. Although arsenene nanoribbon provides a possible sensing platform for different gas molecules, its performance should be developed. Doping of arsenene with various concentrations of boron atoms is suggested as an effective method for improving the sensor response. After observing a noticeable enhancement in adsorption energies induced by B doping, for better comparison, the I-V characteristics of doped arsenene based structures are calculated. The results demonstrate that while all of the examined molecules experience a physisorption character when adsorb on pristine arsenene nanoribbon, they show a chemisorption feature in the boron doped case. According to the adsorption energy values and I-V characteristic curves, the best sensing configurations for NH3 and H2S molecules are suggested as 1B doped arsenene nanoribbon while for NO, NO2, SO2 and SO3 molecules, the 3B doped arsenene based device can be treated as an excellent sensing platform. Consequently, from theoretical point of view, our results can offer a promising application of doped arsenene nanoribbon in gas sensing.
Assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice of contraception in rural India: a necessary step in achieving population control

Family planning is not mere birth control, but it encompasses the services, policies, information, attitudes, practices, and commodities, including contraceptives, that give women, men, couples, and adolescents the ability to avoid unintended pregnancy and choose whether and/or when to have a child. WHO has defined Family Planning as a way of thinking and living that is adopted voluntarily upon the basis of knowledge, attitudes and responsible decisions by individuals and couples in order to promote the health and welfare of the family and thus contribute effectively to the social development of a country. A good family planning program thus not only helps in improving the economic condition of the nation as a whole but also in enhancing the health of the women and children at the family level. Hence there is a great need to address this key problem by knowing the level of awareness of the women regarding contraception. The present study was done to study the knowledge, attitude and practice of rural women towards family planning.
Analysis of duplications versus deletions in the dystrophin gene in Serbian cohort with dystrophinopathies

Background/Aim. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and its allelic form Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) are X-linked diseases that affect males, characterized by progressive muscle and cardiopulmonary weakness, especially in DMD as a severe form of the disease. They result from mutations in the dystrophin gene, and the most common changes are large intragenic deletions and duplications (80%). One third of patients have de novo mutation and 2/3 of the mothers are estimated as carriers. The aim of the study was to analyze the frequency of duplications versus deletions in the dystrophin gene in patients with dystrophinopathies, as well as to analyze the phenotypic effect of large mutations obtained and to determine the carrier status of female relatives in probands with duplications. Methods. We examined 22 DMD and 35 BMD unrelated patients and 6 female relatives of the probands where duplications were found. We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) methods, according to the protocol, to detect or confirm mutations in probands and female carriers. Results. In probands, there were 34 (59.6%) large deletions (mostly affected exons 44? 60) and 6 (10.5%) large duplications in 4 DMD and 2 BMD patients. Also, duplications were found in 3 out of 4 (75%) tested mothers. The distribution of duplications was heterogeneous, affecting N-terminal and central rod domain, and included more exons, except for one DMD patient who had duplication of exon 2. An exception from the Monaco rule was present in 9.5% of DMD and 15.8% of BMD probands, i.e. in 12.5% of DMD/BMD cases. Conclusion. In 57 DMD/BMD probands, we found 59.6% of large deletions and 10.5% of large duplications. The most affected region of the DMD gene was the central rod domain. An exception to Monaco''s rule was present in 12.5% of DMD/BMD cases. Three out of 4 examined proband''s mothers were confirmed as carriers.
Activity and life-role targeting rehabilitation for persistent pain: feasibility of an intervention in primary healthcare

Abstract Background: The activity and life-role targeting rehabilitation programme (ALAR) promotes patient’s active involvement in pain rehabilitation. Purpose: to explore the feasibility of ALAR applied in a primary healthcare context. Materials and methods: An intervention was conducted at primary healthcare centres. Patients experiencing persistent pain were randomly assigned to ALAR + MMR or Multimodal pain rehabilitation (MMR). Data were collected by patient questionnaires before and after intervention (9 weeks and 1 year), medical record examination and therapist telephone interviews. Results: Seventy percent of ALAR + MMR participants completed the programme (n = 24). Complete data were obtained for half of the participants (ALAR + MMR n = 15, MMR n = 17). More ALAR + MMR than MMR participants perceived that they had been participating in planning their rehabilitation. The addition of ALAR to MMR induced higher costs short term, but had favourable health-economic effects in the long term. Conclusions: The methods for delivering ALAR in primary healthcare by specially trained physio and occupational therapists were feasible. Therapists’ acceptability and perceived usability of the ALAR programme was high. More ALAR + MMR than MMR participants withdrew without completing treatment. Measures to increase patients’ acceptability of the ALAR programme are warranted. Flexibility in number of treatment sessions and addressing patients’ self-efficacy for undertaking rehabilitation is suggested, thus emphasising a more individualised rehabilitation plan.
The freshwater snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Mexico: updated checklist, endemicity hotspots, threats and conservation status

We present an updated checklist of native Mexican freshwater gastropods with data on their general distribution, hotspots of endemicity, threats, and for the first time, their estimated conservation status. The list contains 193 species, representing 13 families and 61 genera. Of these, 103 species (53.4%) and 12 genera are endemic to Mexico, and 75 species are considered local endemics because of their restricted distribution to very small areas. Using NatureServe Ranking, 9 species (4.7%) are considered possibly or presumably extinct, 40 (20.7%) are critically imperiled, 30 (15.5%) are imperiled, 15 (7.8%) are vulnerable and only 64 (33.2%) are currently stable. With 61 species in 21 genera, the Cochliopidae are the most diverse family, followed by the Planorbidae (37 species) and Pachychilidae (31). Pachychilus is the most species-rich genus with 30 species. Despite the high number of imperiled species (84), only 7 species (3.6%) are currently listed as endangered by the Mexican Secretariat of Environment and Natural Resources. We identified 3 hotspots and 2 potential centers of gastropod endemicity. Our research serves as a first step for determining priority areas for conservation of imperiled Mexican freshwater gastropods.
Genetic variation in candidate genes and patellar tendinopathy: Prospective cohort study of 126 elite volleyball players

Variation in genes coding for structural proteins may represent risk factors for developing tendinopathy among athletes. The purpose of this prospective cohort study of elite volleyball students was to investigate whether specific single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in selected candidate genes, known to be associated with Achilles tendinopathy, were associated with the risk for developing patellar tendinopathy (jumper′s knee). Of 126 Caucasian athletes (64 females and 62 males), 33 cases (athletes developing jumper′s knee) were compared to 93 healthy controls. Six SNVs, distributed in the candidate genes COL1A1, COL5A1, MMP3, and GDF3, were genotyped. Baseline characteristics, genotypes, and minor allele frequencies (MAF) were compared between groups. Neither genotype nor minor allele frequencies differed significantly between the jumper′s knee group and the healthy controls. However, the low‐frequency homozygous T/T genotype of the COL1A1 gene (rs1800012) was absent in the jumper′s knee group (P = .075). Separating the two study groups by gender suggested that there may be a female‐specific genotype pattern, although the sample was too small for statistical calculations. In this study, although limited by sample size, we could not detect any clear relationship between six selected SNVs located in candidate genes and the risk for the development of jumper′s knee in elite volleyball students.
Digitization in education system and management of Early Childhood Care Education in Nigeria

This study investigated digitization in education system and management of early childhood care education in Nigeria. The objectives of this study are to determine the relationship between collaborative learning, game-based learning and management of early childhood care education in North-central, Nigeria. Two hypotheses were formulated and tested. Quantitative research design was used for the study. A self-designed questionnaire titled “Digitization and Management of Early Childhood Care Education Questionnaire” (DMECCEQ) was used to collect information for the study. This study focuses on public primary schools with early childhood care education in North-Central zone, Nigeria. The population of this study comprised all 2,729 head teachers and 5,529 teachers in public primary schools with early childhood care education in North-Central. Sample of 338 head teachers and 361 teachers were proportionally selected in the seven States with the use of Research Advisor (2006) table to determine the sample size of a known population, stratified random sampling technique was used to select primary school head teachers and teachers from the sample schools. This was to ensure that all categories of head teachers and teachers were given equal chance of being selected. The data collected were analyzed using t-test statistical analysis. All hypotheses were tested at the 0.05 level of significance. The result revealed that there was no significant difference between collaborative learning, game-based learning and management of early childhood care education in Nigeria. It was recommended that teachers should continue to make use of collaborative learning in order to increase pupils’ motivation to learn, also make use of appropriate game-based learning for learners to have better self-management, opportunities for collaborative and inquiry-based learning in order to enhance effective management of early childhood care education in Nigeria.
Diagnosis and therapy of sepsis

Sepsis is a condition, which arises when the host response to infection causes organ dysfunction. The sepsis definition has been reworked with fundamental changes in basic terminology of this condition. The Sepsis-3 task force derived diagnostic criteria for sepsis from a large database consisting of 148,907 patients with suspected infection. The definition of septic shock has been derived from a metaanalysis to define a subgroup of sepsis patient with an increased risk of death more than sepsis alone. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) has updated their recommendations for sepsis diagnosis and therapy. Early and adequate antimicrobial therapy, fluid resuscitation using crystalloids, and maintaining arterial blood pressure with norepinephrine remain the cornerstones of initial sepsis therapy. The concept of early goal directed therapy (EGDT) has been abandoned. In addition, the SSC-guidelines make comprehensive recommendations regarding the management of sepsis patients on the intensive care unit (ICU). Several treatment strategies tried to address the systemic inflammation as one of the underlying mechanism for the development of the multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. This inflammatory host response in sepsis may be addressed by treatment with hydrocortisone, immunoglobulins, and cytokine removal techniques. Of these, only low-dose hydrocortisone is recommended in patients with septic shock unresponsive to resuscitation.
Engineered Technologies and Bioanalysis of multispecific Antibody Formats

The idea of designing multispecific antibodies capable of simultaneously engaging two or more epitopes on the same or different antigens was developed more than 50 years ago. However, the molecular complexity of such molecules may pose significant challenges for their development and clinical use. Particularly challenging is to obtain the correctly assembled combination of different polypeptide chains, which places significant demand on downstream process development, analytical characterization and control strategy. Here, we review the progress made in protein engineering to force the correct assembly of different heavy and light chains, as well as upstream and downstream processes currently applied to control generation of unwanted byproduct species. We cover in-depth the analytical methods available to characterize such complex molecules, focusing on mispairing analysis and functional characterization.
Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Effect on Androgenetic Alopecia and Female Pattern Hair Loss

Background: AndrogeneticAlopeciaisachronicformofhairlossaﬀectingbothmaleandfemale;20% ofCaucasianmenand40% of women, respectively. PlasmaRichPlatelet(PRP)isabloodplasmawithhigherplateletconcentration. Itseemsthatinandrogenetic alopecia, growth factors have an important role in transformation and development of terminal hair to vellus hair. The growth factors in PRP can aﬀect this process. Methods: This was a case control study that was performed on 120 patients with grade II and III androgenetic alopecia, based on theHamilton-Norwoodclassiﬁcationsystemandgrade1to5femalepatternalopecia. Participantswererandomlydividedintotwo groups of 30 patients. The ﬁrst group was treated with Finastride and the second underwent PRP treatment; with a group of 60 participants who received placebo. Follow-up was performed using macroscopic photography and Pull test base line, monthly for three months, and ﬁnally three months after PRP-treatment for patients who received PRP. Results: A total number of 120 participants enrolled in this study; 28 patients in the PRP group, 26 patients in the Finastride group and 60 patients in the control group. The results of one month follow up showed that hair growth and hair loss reduction were notsigniﬁcantlyimprovedinthePRPgroupcomparedtotheFinastrideandcontrolgroups(P ≥ 0.05). Signiﬁcantdiﬀerenceswere observed in results of progression of hair growth and reduction of hair loss between groups after three and six months (P value: 00.) Conclusions: PRP-treatmentisanoveltherapeuticapproach. Theeﬀectiveresultsof PRP-treatmentmightbeduetothiseagerness. Furthermore, the time duration of this procedure is short, which is an important factor for the patients since most of the partici-pantsareyoungmenwhodonottendtoundergolong-timetreatments,suchasFinastrideconsumptionandMinoxidilapplication.