Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of cytotoxicity and gelatinases activity in 3T3 fibroblast cell by root repair materials

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of calcium silicate-based products on cytotoxicity in the 3T3 fibroblast and gelatinolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). 3T3 fibroblasts were incubated directly with Ortho Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), BioAggregate, Biodentine, MTA Plus, MTA Angelus and MTA Cerkamed for 24 hours and seven days. The cytotoxicity was determined using an MTT assay. Supernatants were collected to determine MMP-2 and MMP-9. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS 22. Seventh day extracts of Ortho MTA and Biodentine showed reduced cell viability. Specific characterization of MMPs in cell culture demonstrated that MMP-2 (62 kPa) in the cell culture supernatants by gelatin zymography showed induced expression in four out of seven groups by 3T3 cells. No MMP-9 expression was observed. The cytotoxicity of materials revealed a significant difference in cell viability between the groups on the first and seventh days. The results of this study revealed minor cytotoxic effects for Ortho MTA and Biodentine. This study suggests that endodontic sealers induced production of MMP-2. MMP-9 might be expressed in small amounts when compared with MMP-2.
Computational Identification of Terpene Synthase Genes and Their Evolutionary Analysis

Terpenoids, the largest and most structurally and functionally diverse class of natural compounds on earth, are mostly synthesized by plants to be involved in various plantenvironment interactions. Some terpenoids are classi ed as primary metabolites essential for plant growth and development. Terpene synthases (TPSs), the key enzymes for terpenoid biosynthesis, are the major determinant of the tremendous diversity of terpenoid carbon skeletons. The TPS genes represent a mid-size family of about 30-100 functional genes in almost all major sequenced plant genomes. TPSs are also found in fungi and bacteria, but microbial TPS genes share low levels of sequence similarity and di erent patterns of gene structure with their plant counterparts. Although one common ancestor theory has been suggested and supported by studies from model species, the evolution of plant terpene synthase genes and the evolutionary relationships among terpene synthase genes in plants, bacteria and fungi are still unclear. The recent discovery of microbialtype TPS genes in Selaginella muellendor i makes it even more confusing. The goal of this dissertation project is to study the mechanisms that govern the dynamic evolution of terpene synthase genes using comparative genomics methods. Here, we carried out
Digestion of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) foliage in pigs. In situ digestibility measured with mobile nylon bags

The in vivo and in situ rectal digestibility of sweet potato foliage meal was studied through mobile nylon bags. Four pigs of 40 kg were used, canulated in duodenum and fed maize/soybean diets, partially substituted with 0, 10, 20 and 30 % of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) foliage meal, according to a Latin squeare design 4 x 4. There was no significant effect of the treatment on the in vivo rectal digestibility of sweat potato foliage in the pigs. The diet supplied only influenced significantly (P < 0.05) on the rectal digestibility of the OM measured in in situ. Coincidence was found in the rectal digestibility of the DM (49.4 and 50.2%), nitrogen (N) (44.7 and 45.4%) and the energy of sweet potato foliage (45.6 and 46.7%), when the nutritive value was measured in vivo and in situ. It is suggested that the nutritive values of sweet potato foliage diets can be determined in mouth-rectum of pigs by in vivo and in situ procedures differently, through the technique of mobile bag. Key words: swine, digestion, ileum, rectum, foliar sweet potato.
Morpho-environmental strategies in the genus Ononis L. (subsections Natrix and Viscosae) in Western Mediterranean

Abstract Very similar morphologies have always been pointed out for subsections Natrix and Viscosae of the genus Ononis L. Morphological, environmental and biogeographic approaches do not show significant differences between taxa of both subsections, and only life form was pointed out as biological descriptor to explain taxonomic and ecological strategies for these taxa: Natrix is composed by perennial life forms, while Viscosae is solely represented by annual life forms. The discussion of results was conducted through the insurance hypothesis, according to which resilient or resistant behaviours, here represented by taxonomic diversity and morpho-environmental variability, described the ecological strategies for these taxa. In this way, wider morpho-environmental variability induced more responses (higher taxonomic diversity and life forms), i.e. more resilience. On contrary, the narrower morpho-environmental variability induced less taxonomic diversity and only perennial life forms, i.e. more resistance. Two future climate change scenarios were also used to confirm these resilience and resistance strategies for both subsections.
Cytological studies of grapevine leafroll infected tissue: Further evidence of viroid etiology and improvement of diagnosis

In the cells of leafroll-infected grapevines mainly two kinds of inclusions were found, similar to those as previously described in citrus exocortis viroid-infected Gynura aurantiaca D. C. cells: cytoplasmic granular inclusions (presumably viroid derivatives or aggregations) and protein circular inclusions occupying the infected nucleoplasms. The observation of these inclusions could substitute the traditional leafroll indexing technique. The duration of this simple cytological diagnosis is approximately 30 min; it could be an important aid for the programs of sanitary selection or sanitation of the grapevine. The study confirms cytologically a recent paper based on b.iochemical techniques, contributing further evidence for the viroid etiology of this disease.
Internal characteristics, chemical compounds and spectroscopy of sapphire as single crystals

1 Zusammenfassung.4 Figures and Tables . 7 Chapter 1: Introduction . 14 1.1. Objective of the thesis . 14 1.2. Corundum in general . 14 1.2.1. The corundum structure . 14 1.2.2. Properties of corundum . 17 Chapter 2: Research Materials and Methods . 20 2.1. Research materials . 20 2.1.1. Sapphire from Vietnam . 20 2.1.2. Sapphire from Ban Huay Sai in Bokeo, Laos . 24 2.1. 3. Sapphire from Khao Ploi Waen in Chanthaburi and Bo Ploi in Kanchanaburi, Thailand . 25 2.1. 4. Sapphire from Australia . 25 2.1. 5. Sapphire from Changle in Shandong, China . 26 2.1. 6. Sapphire from Andapa, Antsirabe and Nosibe, Madagascar . 27 2.1. 7. Sapphire from Ballapana, Sri Lanka . 27 2.1. 8. Sapphire from Brazil . 28 2.1. 9. Sapphire from Russia . 28 2.1.10. Sapphire from Colombia . 29 2.1.11. Sapphire from Tansania . 30 2.1.12. Sapphire from Malawi . 30 2.2. Experimental methods . 31 2.2.1. Gemological microscope . 31 2.2.2. Confocal micro Raman and luminescence spectroscopy . 31 2.2. 3. FTIR absorption spectroscopy . 32 ii 2.2. 4. UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy . 32 2.2. 5. Electron Probe Micro-Analysis (EPMA) . 33 2.2. 6. Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LAICP-MS) . 34 Chapter 3: Internal Characteristics of Sapphire . 35 3.1. Trapiche patterns . 35 3.2. Color zoning . 37 3.3. Twinning . 38 3.4. Healed fissures . 39 3.5. Fluid inclusions . 40 3.6. Iron oxide inclusions . 43 3.7. Needle or whitish tubes . 47 3.8. Boehmite, diaspore, kaolinite and OH-groups . 48 3.9. Spinel inclusion . 50 3.10. Feldspar inclusions . 51 3.11. Zircon inclusions . 53 3.12. Mica inclusions . 57 3.13. Cordierite inclusion . 57 3.14. Tantalite inclusions . 58 Chapter 4: Chemical Compounds of Sapphire.64 4.1. Chemistry of sapphire by EPMA . 64 4.2. The ratio of Cr2O3/Ga2O3 and Fe2O3 . 71 4.3. Chemical analyses by LA-ICP-MS . 73 Chapter 5: Raman Spectroscopy of Sapphire and the Influence of the Fe2O3 Content on the Spectra.79 5.1. Overview on Raman spectroscopy of corundum . 79 5.2. Relationship between Raman spectra and the Fe2O3 content of sapphire . 84 Chapter 6: Luminescence Spectroscopy of Sapphire and the Influence of Fe2O3 Content . 92 6.1. Luminescence spectroscopy of corundum in general . 92 6.2. Effect of Fe2O3 content on the R-line position of sapphires . 94
Genome composition with mismatches and its application to phylogeny

A novel approach for inferring phylogeny on a group of taxa. This is an alignment-free approach which considers the mutual occurrences of l-mers with at most k mismatches between a pair of DNA sequences in order to define a distance the species. This techinque, though quadratic in the average size of the sequences in time, leads to reliable phylogenetic trees. Tests have been performed on a mitochondrial DNA dataset and a retroid viruses dataset with optima results
Progeny Testing Longleaf Pine at Two Locations

Means for brown-spot infection and 3and &year height growth were determined in progeny testing of 540 parents in two Gulfport, Mississippi, plantiflgs and an Alexandria, Louisiana, ‘planting, and of 66 of the paretits ai a subsequent Alexandria planting. To estimate growth *at ages 5 and 8. both degree of brown-spot infection and height growth at age 2 were necessary independent variables, but for growth at age 8, 3rd-year height growth alone was sufficient. Families selected for rapid growth and brown-spot resistance in one location may not be the ones selected in another. Likewise, those se&ted in a brown-spot free area differed from those selected in 6&re~tiliti% be&mtia$ prevalent. Implications for future breeding and seed orchard development are discussed. AddItional keywonk: Pinus palu8tris, genotype x environment intetaction,. survival, growth, brown-spot needle blight.
Executive functions in children and adolescents

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
The response to water stress of the antioxidant system in maize seedling roots with different drought resistance

The level of lipid peroxidation and changes of activited oxygen scavenging system in two maize species with different drought resistance were studied.The results showed the activities of POD? CAT? APX? GR were obviously increased under light water stress,while decreased under middle and severe water stress,but the sensitive degree of these enzymes to water stress is different,the activity of SOD is still increased under middle water stress.The change of GSH content is similar to enzyme's,while the content AsA is declined constantly;the content of MDA is increased following the stronger water stress.The drought-resistn at variety Luyu No.14 has higher activity of enzymes,content of antioxidents and lower content of MDA than the drought-sensitive variety Yedan No.13. The differences of enzyme activities (except POD activity) and antioxiwdant contents between two species are very significance.This results that drought-resistant variety with stronger ability of antioxidant may be one of the important reasons of its higher tolerance.
Effects of Decapitation and Benzyladenine on Growth and Yield of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]

A study was undertaken to define more clearly the role of the early loss of apical dominance on yield of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. Vita-5]. Decapitation at the fifth leaf stage resulted in an increase in branching components, yields and harvest indices, while vegetative d. wt accumulation was reduced. Foliar-applied sprays of 6-benzyladenine had no effect on branching unless combined with decapitation and no significant effects on yield over that of controls were observed. However, harvest indices were increased by 50 per cent.
Modelos bayesianos de limiar e linear na estimação de parâmetros genéticos para características morfológicas de bovinos da raça Nelore

It was aimed to compare the estimates of genetic parameters for body structure, finishing precocity and muscling obtained in single-trait and two-trait bayesian analyses under linear and threshold models. Visual scores obtained from 4,155 Nelore cattle at yearling, belonging to the Brazilian Nelore Program, were used. The animals were evaluated visually by method SAM (System of Morphologic Evaluation). Genetic parameters were estimated by single-trait bayesian analysis considering linear and threshold models (morphological traits) and two-trait bayesian analysis considering linear-linear and linear-threshold models (including the weight to the 120 days). In single-trait analysis, it was verified that heritability estimated were similar for both the models. When considering two-trait analysis, the heritability estimates obtained in the linear-linear model had presented greater magnitude than that in the linear-threshold model. However, the Spearman correlations among the breeding values for different models (linear or threshold and linear-linear or linear-threshold) showed low alteration in the placement of the animals, and it was an insufficient modification to alter their classification as for the percentile, in other words, all the animals TOP1%, when linear models were used, continued being TOP1% when used threshold models. In the genetic evaluation of animals for morphological traits, the linear or threshold model can be used in genetic improvement programs.
Evaluating the influence of pH-dependent hydrolysis on the efficacy of flumioxazin for hydrilla control.

Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata [L.f.] Royle) is a submersed aquatic weed that continues to spread and create significant management problems in waters throughout the United States. Management tools are limited, and several new herbicide modes of action are being evaluated for control, including flumioxazin (2-[7-fluoro-3,4-dihydro3-oxo-4-(2-propynyl)-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione), a rapid-acting contact herbicide that targets the plant enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO). Despite the rapid onset of flumioxazin injury symptoms and activity at low concentrations (<100 μg L), regrowth of hydrilla from lateral buds was noted within 5 to 13 d after treatment at all concentrations. The lack of a consistent doseresponse relationship in prior laboratory and field trials led to the hypothesis that pH-dependent hydrolysis of flumioxazin likely influenced efficacy. We evaluated the response of hydrilla exposed to an initial flumioxazin treatment of 400 μg L in low (6.0 to 6.2), medium (7.0 to 7.2), and high (>8.5) pH water. Water samples were collected and the half-life of flumioxazin in low, medium, and high pH water was 39.0, 18.6, and 1.7 h, respectively. The results from these studies indicate that efficacy of flumioxazin, especially when applied to higher pH water, may be reduced via rapid hydrolysis.
Study of population variability of the endemic species Moehringia grisebachii janka (Caryophyllaceae) in Bulgaria.

Zhelyazkova, M. , Georgieva, S. & Grozeva, N. (2019). Study of population variability of the endemic species Moehringia grisebachii Janka (Caryophyllaceae) in Bulgaria. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 25 (Suppl. 3), 169–177 Moehringia grisebachii Janka is a Balkan endemic species spread on the territory of Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey. In the present study were included 17 populations of M. grisebachii from Bulgaria. Morphometric measurements of 24 quantitative traits were performed in all populations. On the base of the data obtained, within population and between population variability was examined. A comparative analysis has been made and similarities and diff erences have been identifi ed. Dominant in total variability was within populations variability (63.87%). The impact of environmental conditions on measured quantitative traits was reported and as the more important factors the longitude and elevation were pointed out. The results obtained are of importance in the development and updating of the conservation programs for keeping and trust of the genetic diversity and the protected species included in the Red Data Book of Bulgaria.
Survival of Selected Indicator and Pathogenic Bacteria in Refrigerated Pizzas.

This study was conducted to determine the shelf life of previously frozen pizzas stored at refrigeration temperatures. Pizzas were prepared using meat inoculated with Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , and Salmonella typhimurium . The pizzas were frozen, then stored at 3 and 10°C. Samples were analyzed every 2 d for 14 d. Sensory analysis was conducted every day for 8 d using uninoculated product. There was a significant (P<0.05) increase in the population of E. coli between 8 and 10 d at 10°C. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences in the populations of S. typhimurium or S. aureus with either time or temperature. The sensory shelf life of the pizzas was approximately 5 d at 10°C and 6 d at 3°C. The pizzas were unacceptable after 7 d at either temperature.
Persistence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in monkeys. I. Features of experimental infection.

: Sixty-seven Macaca rhesus monkeys were inoculated with 2 mutants and 3 virulent strains of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus including strains isolated from patients with a chronic form of TBE. A model of the clinical course of acute, subacute, and chronic encephalitis was produced by intracerebral inoculation and that of asymptomatic infection was produced by subcutaneous inoculation [with or without administration of cyclophosphane (CP)]. Virus persistence developed after inoculation with all the strains, after non-fatal encephalitis and inapparent infection irrespective of CP administration. In monkeys recovering from encephalitis the virus persisted for at least 783 days. After asymptomatic infection, it persisted for 302 days; neither virus nor virus-specific antigen was detected at 356, 367, and 620 days.
Behavioural mechanisms behind aggregation in a tritrophic perspective

Gregarious organisms need to handle the trade-off between positive effects of group living and increasing food competition. The gregarious Phratora vulgatissima, a specialist leaf beetle on willow in Europe and Asia, frequently reaches outbreak densities in natural stands and short rotation coppices. Outbreaks threaten the yield and plantations therefore rely on omnivorous predators as biocontrol agents, like Anthocoris nemorum and Orthotylus marginalis. I aimed to elucidate behavioural mechanisms of the beetle and the predators to understand how and why species aggregate. The beetle’s aggregation behaviour was studied by looking at key reproductive traits like oviposition rate, clutch size, and oviposition site choice on willow shoots. Both predators were characterized further by examining where on the vertical shoot they preferentially hunt for the beetle’s eggs and how the quality of alternative food (different plant genotypes) alters their effects on the beetle. I so revealed how the reproduction of the beetle is modulated by lateral (conspecific density), bottom-up (plant genotypes), and top-down (omnivorous predators) effects. To lower exploitative competition among larvae females increase the distances between clutches on a plant and lower their oviposition rate if too many, or too few (too few confirmations of own decision) conspecifics visited a shoot. Observed bottom-up effects include lowering clutch size and number of eggs on a shoot with plant genotype unsuitability, initially selecting large leaves for oviposition/feeding, and increasing clutch distances due to larger leaf area of a willow genotype. Three top-down effects in form of predator avoidance behaviours were observed. Females lowered median clutch size and oviposition rate leading to fewer eggs in presence of the predators/their combination. Females also preferentially feed in the shoot canopy but oviposit in the lower part. In combination with the observation that both predators show contrasting vertical preferences on the shoot I argue that females try to avoid the area were the predators are consuming more eggs. In general I contributed to the ecological concept of habitat domain, attack-abatement, clutch size, cognitive maps, and nonconsumptive effects. I hope the results facilitate our understanding of insect outbreaks and species aggregation, possibly leading to better control of those in economic relevant systems.
Hydrologic control and diurnal photobleaching of CDOM in a subarctic lake

Changes in the concentration of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) were determined over short (hours to days) and medium (weeks) time scales during summer in a shallow, polymictic lake in subarctic Quebec, Canada. CDOM fluorescence (F CDOM ) decreased linearly from mid-June until early August, consistent with the zero-order kinetics expected for photodegradation of organic matter in a regularly mixed lake in which most of the photochemically-active radiation is absorbed by CDOM. A major rainfall event then resulted in a sharp increase in F CDOM back to levels recorded at the start of the study. These changes showed that CDOM concentrations were controlled by the balance between catchment inputs and subsequent photodegradation processes within the lake. Shorter term changes in CDOM concentration were monitored by measuring the penetration of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) using a Satlantic TACCS system moored near the center of the lake and set to monitor down-welling 380 nm irradiance at 10 min intervals. The diffuse attenuation coefficient K d (380) decreased by 12 % during the deployment indicating increased penetration of UVR and the change paralleled the drop in F CDOM over the same period. Many of the daily records showed a significant decline in K d (380) in the near-surface waters over the course of the morning and early afternoon indicating diurnal photobleaching of CDOM, and an increase later in the day consistent with the breakdown of the diurnal thermocline and entrainment of deeper waters. The results illustrate the short and medium term dynamics of CDOM, the importance of diurnal stratification and mixing for photochemical processes, and the variability that aquatic organisms must experience in UV exposure in their natural environment.