Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Buprenorphine for the Treatment of the Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

BACKGROUND Current pharmacologic treatment of the neonatal abstinence syndrome with morphine is associated with a lengthy duration of therapy and hospitalization. Buprenorphine may be more effective than morphine for this indication. METHODS In this single‐site, double‐blind, double‐dummy clinical trial, we randomly assigned 63 term infants (≥37 weeks of gestation) who had been exposed to opioids in utero and who had signs of the neonatal abstinence syndrome to receive either sublingual buprenorphine or oral morphine. Infants with symptoms that were not controlled with the maximum dose of opioid were treated with adjunctive phenobarbital. The primary end point was the duration of treatment for symptoms of neonatal opioid withdrawal. Secondary clinical end points were the length of hospital stay, the percentage of infants who required supplemental treatment with phenobarbital, and safety. RESULTS The median duration of treatment was significantly shorter with buprenorphine than with morphine (15 days vs. 28 days), as was the median length of hospital stay (21 days vs. 33 days) (P<0.001 for both comparisons). Adjunctive phenobarbital was administered in 5 of 33 infants (15%) in the buprenorphine group and in 7 of 30 infants (23%) in the morphine group (P=0.36). Rates of adverse events were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Among infants with the neonatal abstinence syndrome, treatment with sublingual buprenorphine resulted in a shorter duration of treatment and shorter length of hospital stay than treatment with oral morphine, with similar rates of adverse events. (Funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse; BBORN ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01452789.)
Prevalence and Pattern of Pigmentary Changes among Primigravidae Attending a Tertiary Health Facility in South-Western Nigeria

Background: Pigmentary skin changes are common presentation among pregnant women. The impact of which is very worrisome. Most of these pigmentary changes were due to increase hormonal influence such as melanocyte stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, cortisol, progesterone and increased sensitivity of melanocyte at normally pigmented areas. Original Research Article Objective: The study was aimed at documenting the prevalence and pattern of pigmentary changes as well as providing baseline data among pregnant women in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 240 primigravidae who attended antenatal clinic of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals’ Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Nigeria and 240 controls who were never pregnant. The study was carried out between March, 2013 and March, 2014. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. Data were presented in tables and statistical significance (measured as P <0.05) were determined using Chi square and Friedman’s tests as appropriate. Results: The general prevalence of pigmentary changes in pregnancy among the subjects in this study was 77.5% in first trimester, 95.8% in second and 95.4% in third trimesters while it was 17.1% in the controls. Nipple, areola, generalized hyperpimentations and linea nigra were much higher than controls. These pigmentary changes also increased in prevalence as pregnancy advanced. There was statistically significant association between gestational age (trimester) and pigmentary changes ( P =0.000). The prevalence of melasma increases as the pregnancy progresses from 5.0% in first trimester to 8.8% in third trimester. The relationship was found to be statistically significant ( P =0.000). Conclusion: The prevalence of pigmentary changes among pregnant women in Nigeria was found to be very high. Healthcare workers involved in obstetric care need to be well informed to enable accurate diagnosis and education of patients. The effects of pigmentary changes on quality of life may further be elucidated with further studies.
Commensalism outweighs phylogeographical structure in its effect on phenotype of a Sudanian savanna rodent

1Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic 2Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic 3Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic 4Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Institute of Systematics and Evolution of the Biodiversity, UMR7205 CNRS-MNHN-UPMC-EPHE-Sorbonne University, Paris, France 5CIBIO-InBIO Associate Laboratory, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal 6CBGP, IRD, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France 7Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi University, Cotonou, Benin 8Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany 9Centre Régional Agrhymet, Département Formation Recherche, Niamey, Niger 10Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany 11United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 Ghana Detachment, Accra, Ghana 12Natural History Museum, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria 13Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
A Symmetry-Based Approach for First-Passage-Times of Gauss-Markov Processes through Daniels-Type Boundaries

Symmetry properties of the Brownian motion and of some diffusion processes are useful to specify the probability density functions and the first passage time density through specific boundaries. Here, we consider the class of Gauss-Markov processes and their symmetry properties. In particular, we study probability densities of such processes in presence of a couple of Daniels-type boundaries, for which closed form results exit. The main results of this paper are the alternative proofs to characterize the transition probability density between the two boundaries and the first passage time density exploiting exclusively symmetry properties. Explicit expressions are provided for Wiener and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes.
Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory aspects in a case series of canine hyperadrenocorticism: 115 cases (2010-2014)

ABSTRACT: Diseases’ clinical-epidemiological characterization assists in directing the diagnosis. The objective of this study was to describe epidemiological, clinical and laboratorial aspects of a case series of canine hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). One-hundred fifteen records of dogs diagnosed by the low dose dexamethasone suppression test and/or ACTH stimulation test were evaluated. Of the cases, 81.3% were HAC ACTH-dependent and 18.7% HAC ACTH-independent. Females were more affected, representing 69.3% of the cases. The mean age was 10.3±2.5 years and 64.9% were gonadectomized. Most of the patients were small size dogs, weighting less than 10kg (73.9%). The most frequent breeds were: Poodle (27%), Dachshund (17.4%), and Yorkshire Terrier (10.4%). The most frequent clinical manifestations were polyphagia (86%), polydipsia (82.6%), polyuria (80%), abdominal enlargement (82.6%), thin skin (79.1%), muscular weakness (78.3%) and panting (74.8%). However, eventually unusual HAC-associated signs would be present in some dogs in a more important way compared with the classic disease´s clinical signs. The CBC showed neutrophilia (66%), eosinopenia (58.3%) and lymphopenia (42.6%) as main hematological abnormalities. The most common findings in serum biochemistry were increased alkaline phosphatase activity (81.74%), increased ALT activity (62.6%), hypercholesterolemia (66%) and hypertriglyceridemia (54.7%). Urinalysis revealed hyposthenuria in 14.9% and isostenuria in 13.5%; besides proteinuria in 50% of the cases. Abdominal ultrasound showed bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (92.2%) with adrenal asymmetry in 20.8% of the cases, in addition to hepatomegaly (80.9%), biliary sludge (67.8%) and hepatic hyperechogenicity (47.8%). It was concluded that small size gonadectomized female dogs, mainly Poodles and Dachshunds, presented higher frequency in the population studied, and that the main changes observed in clinical and complementary tests were polyphagia, polyuria, polydipsia, abdominal enlargement, adrenal hyperplasia, increased phosphatase alkaline and hyperlipidemia. These results corroborated to a better disease characterization at Brazil. This work concluded that the population studied resembles the profile describe in European and North American epidemiologic studies, and that the HAC dog´s clinical picture looks similar worldwide.
Nursing Students’ Attitudes Toward and Satisfaction with Concept Map in Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences: A Mixed Method Study

BackgroundClinical field is an important part of nursing education. Insufficiency in providing opportunities for learning practically not only gives rise to adverse consequences for students, but also affects educational programs and nursing profession.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate nursing students’ attitudes toward and satisfaction with concept map (CM). MethodsThe present research is an embedded study. The qualitative stage included 18 nursing students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in their 6th semester who were selected through purposive sampling. Content analysis was used for data analysis. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted for data collection. The quantitative stage was implemented simultaneously with distribution of the researcher-made questionnaires among 48 students.ResultsBased on findings, four categories were obtained: competency of CM method, managing and organizing measures, promoting care services, and increasing critical thinking. In the quantitative stage, data were gathered by obtaining history from parents or children; 31.2% - 68.8% agree with the quality of CM. Required information about disease was collected from parents and patient; 39.6% - 58.3% agree and 2.1% disagree. Different data from various sources (such as parents and children) were related; 43.7% - 54.2% agree and 2.1% disagree.ConclusionsConsidering that nursing process is now widely used in Iran at B.Sc. and M.Sc. levels, integrating CM to nursing process can be useful in nursing education.
Toward a Robust Plio‐Pleistocene Chronostratigraphy for ODP Site 762

The advent of rapidly acquired proxy records provides paleoceanographers and paleoclimatologists with a wealth of high‐resolution data. These data are a boon for the community, as they enable millennial or even submillennial scale interpretation of past climate and ocean change. Multisite and multiproxy research permits regional and global correlations with high precision. Yet, accuracy is sometimes lost sight of, resulting in inaccurate age constraints. To highlight the importance of chronostratigraphic accuracy, we examine a recent publication by Stuut et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083035) that presents a chronostratigraphic framework potentially at odds with regional chronostratigraphy by up to 300 kyr in the Pliocene and 600 kyr in the Pleistocene. Using all available chronostratigraphic data, we provide an alternate integrated stratigraphic framework resulting in a higher degree of uniformity among regional climate archives and confirm the timing of a major climatic transition in Australia between ~3.55 and 3.3 Ma.
AIR-WATER FLOW CHARACTERISTICS IN HYDRAULIC JUMP ON PEBBLED ROUGH BED

The hydraulic jump is a sudden transition from a supercritical flow to a subcritical motion, characterised by strong turbulence, air entrainment and energy dissipation. A hydraulic jump results in strong interactions between turbulence, free-surface and air-water mixing. Past research on hydraulic jump with bed roughness focused on the identification of basic parameters including conjugate depth ratio, roller length and mean velocity. However, to date, only very few studies have addressed the air-water flow parameters. This paper aims to investigate the basic parameters of air-water flow in hydraulic jump on pebbled rough bed. The experiments were performed in a channel with partially-developed inflow conditions. The gravel materials, mixed natural river pebbles, were installed on the bed for the whole length of the flume. A phase-detection double-tip conductivity probe was used to measure the basic air-flow properties. The experiments were conducted for discharges ranging from 0.06 to 0.1 m/s, corresponding to inflow Froude numbers Fr1 between 1.7 and 2.84 and Reynolds number Re1 from 170,000 to 220,000. Comparisons between rough and smooth bed data, as well as with the literature highlighted some distinctive effects of the non-uniform bed roughness. The results on rough pebble bed showed a shorter roller length and higher magnitudes of air-flow properties including void fraction and bubble count rate than those on smooth bed, especially in the region close to the jump toe.
Prevalence of Dermatophytic Infection and Detection of Dermatophytes by Microscopic and Culture Methods

Background : Dermatophytosis is considered as one of the major public health problems in the world and is the most commonly diagnosed skin disease in Bangladesh. The prevalence and characteristics of dermatophytic infections vary with climatic conditions, age, lifestyle and population migration patterns. Objective : To determine the prevalence of dermatophytic infection and sensitivity of different diagnostic procedures among the patients visiting dermatology outpatient department of Tairunnessa Memorial Medical College & Hospital, Gazipur, Bangladesh (TMMCH). Materials and Methods : This cross-sectional study was done during a period of 12 months from July 2015 to June 2016. Total 80 specimens were collected based on clinical presentations irrespective of age and sex. The diagnosis was confirmed by microscopic examination using 20% potassium hydroxide (KOH) and culture on Sabouraud’s dextrose agor medium. Results : Out of 80 samples, 31(38.75%) were found positive by culture and 21 (26.25%) were found positive by microscopic method which were also found positive by culture. This study found that most (51.62%) of the dermatophyteinfected cases were in the age group of 21−40 years followed by 41−60 years (29.03%) with male and female distribution 58.06% and 41.94% respectively The maximum number of infections was reported from groin followed by hands/legs and feet. Conclusion : The result of this study shows higher prevalence of dermatophytosis in both genders in this area. An accurate diagnosis can help in proper and effective treatment of dermatophytosis. J Enam Med Col 2018; 8(1): 11-15
Analisis level makroskopis, mikroskopis dan simbolik mahasiswa dalam memahami elektrokimia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pemahaman mahasiswa dilihat dari aspek makroskopis, mikroskopis dan simbolik dalam memahami konsep. Fenomena pembelajaran kimia yang ditemukan hampir selalu terfokus pada tingkat makroskopik berupa rumus dan angka, sedangkan tingkat yang sering luput dari pengematan adalah tingkat mikroskopik dan simbolik seperti penyajian diagram dan proses reaksi kimia.Salah satu sifat dari ilmu kimia adalah cenderung bersifat abstrak dan kompleks, seperti proses terjadinya reaksi elektrolisis dimana terjadi pergerakan partikel yang tidak dapat diamati oleh mata sehingga sering terjadi miskonsepsi dalam memahami konsep kimia. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada mahasiswa semester satu sebanyak 40 orang di prodi Farmasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. Hamka. Sampel penelitian ini diambil secara purposive random sampling dengan kuisioner. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh hasil pemahaman mahasiswa pada konsep elektrokimia dilihat dari level makroskopis sebesar 72,75% kategori baik, level mikroskopis sebesar 66,25% kategori baik dan simbolik adalah 70% kategori baik. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan aspek makroskopis, mikroskopis, simbolik dapat menanamkan konsep secara utuh. AbstractThis research aims to find out the students’ comprehension from the macroscopic, microscopic, and symbolic aspects of the concept. The phenomenon of chemistry learning that is found almost focused on the macroscopic level in the form of formulas and numbers, while the level that often missed in some observation is microscopic and symbolic levels; such as diagramming and chemical reaction processes. One of the characteristics of chemistry tends to be abstract and complex, as the process of electrolysis reaction in which the particle movement can’t be observed so that misconceptions often occur in understanding chemical concepts. This research was conducted on 40 first-semester students in the Department of Pharmacy, University of Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. Hamka. The research sample was taken by purposive random sampling with a questionnaire. Based on the result, the students’ comprehension of the electrochemistry concept have 72,75% good category in macroscopic level, 66,25% good category in microscopic level, and 70% good category in symbolic. So, it can be concluded that learning with macroscopic, microscopic, and symbolic could fulfill the concept perfectly.
Health care seeking behavior of parents of under five in District Kanga, Himachal Pradesh

There is growing recognition, in both developed and developing countries, that providing education and knowledge at the individual level is not sufficient in itself to promote a change in behavior. Utilization of the formal system in case of illness is also known as health care seeking behavior and the process involved in achieving a health state has been termed as health seeking behavior. Studies demonstrate that the decision to engage with a particular medical channel is influenced by a variety of socio-economic variables, sex, age, the social status of women, the type of illness, access to services and perceived quality of the service. 1 ABSTRACT
The effectiveness of contrast bath to reduce joint pain in the elderly

Background : The aging process results in changes in the musculoskeletal system causing a decrease in function of joints, loss of elasticity and limited mobility. This condition also causes joint pain, especially in the joints supporting the body weight, namely the knee. The previous studies discussed the method of reducing pain using a contras bath which was implemented by soaking parts of the body that experience pain alternately with hot and cold water, this was difficult to apply if the pain occurs in the upper body. Modifications in contrast baths using compresses to the knee joint have never been implemented before. Objective : This study aimed to figure out the effect of the contras bath method using compresses to reduce knee joint pain in the elderly. Method : The design of this study was pre-experimental with one group of pretest-posttest. The sample used was 16 elderly who were selected by random sampling at Posyandu (a center for pre- and postnatal health care and information for elderly) in village of Sawit Gantiwarno, Klaten. Contrast bath is applied by giving compresses of warm and cold water alternately with a ratio of three minutes: one minute per-day during 20 minutes, for a week. Pain measurement is performed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) instrument. Result : The mean of knee pain before giving a contrast bath was 5.44, whereas after a contrast bath was 3.50. Bivariate analysis used Wilcoxon, it showed p value <0.05 which means there was a significant difference in knee joint pain before and after contrast baths were applied. Conclusion : Administration of contrast bath can reduce knee joint pain in the elderly.
Introductory Chapter: The Importance of Reception Studies for Ancient History

“The landscape of my days appears to be composed, like mountainous regions, of varied materials heaped up pell-mell. There I see my nature, itself composite, made up of equal parts of instinct and training. Here and there protrude the granite peaks of the inevitable, but all about is rubble from the landslips of chance (.) [1].
Nonadherence with asthma medication in teenagers

Background: Non-adherence with asthma therapies contributes to increased rates of hospitalisations and asthma deaths. Data from a schools-based questionnaire found that 29% of students do not take their reliever inhaler, and 56.4% do not take their preventer; 23.2% said this was deliberate. Aims: The primary aim was to assess reasons for non-adherence with asthma medications among secondary school students. The secondary aim was to explore solutions to nonadherence. Methods: 58 students were recruited from four secondary schools in London to participate in a focus group. All students were 11 to 18 years old with asthma. The discussion was informed by the outcomes of a school-based questionnaire assessing asthma control and medication adherence. Comments were analysed to identify potential reasons for, and solutions to, non-adherence with asthma medications in teenagers. Results: Three main themes emerged regarding nonadherence: forgetting (25.3%), social issues (22.8%) e.g. “they don’t want to tell people they have asthma”, and inhaler efficacy (11.4%) e.g. “they might think it will be wasting their time to take their inhaler”. Other comments included undesirable side-effects and medication concerns, e.g. “I don’t want to rely on an inhaler for running”. 78.6% of students did not know enough about asthma, and 93.1% thought knowledge would lead to better adherence. 35.5% of students wanted to learn more about medications, including how inhalers work and how to use them correctly. Conclusions: The findings suggest that improved knowledge, and overcoming social barriers, could improve adherence in teenagers. These findings will inform the development of a school-based self-management intervention, aimed at improving adherence and asthma control.
The Antigon-F and the Ypsilon IUDs.

The continuing search for better IUDs has led to the development of 2 new ones the Antigon-F and the Ypsilon. Each has a unique feature. The Antigon-F is a closed kite-shaped device made of polyethylene with a small magnet in 1 side. It is easily compressed to fit into the inserter. Because of its rounded corners the risk of perforation is diminished. However when the Food and Drug Administration issued a warning against closed or ring-shaped devices the Antigon-F was modified by adding a thin membrane to cover the enclosed area. The initial study was based on 1480 insertions with a total of 8567 woman-months of use. The pregnancy rate was 1.8 but the expulsion rate was 17.7. This high expulsion rate was attributed to placing the devices into the inserters so far in advance of use that the elasticity was lost and the devices had failed to expand after insertion. A 2nd study of 626 insertions following this procedural change had an expulsion rate of only 5.7 and the pregnancy rate was reduced to 1.0. A smaller device is recommended for nulliparous women. The Ypsilon device is Y-shaped with a web across the Y. It is made of stainless steel and covered with silicone rubber. Original tests included 421 insertions with 5412 woman-months of use. Pregnancy rates and expulsion rates were each . 3. Subsequent tests of 608 insertions had an expulsion rate of 3.2 and a pregnancy rate of 2.2. This device was found to be suitable for nulliparous women. The addition of copper to the Antigon-F and the use of progestogens for slow release are being considered.