Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Breeding Cycle and Growth of Hydrobia Ulvae in the Dovey Estuary

Hydrobia ulvae has featured in many reports on the ecology of estuaries and mud-flats, yet surprisingly there are few detailed studies on population structure, growth and the breeding cycle. Population densities fluctuate widely from one locality to the next, and the variation in size recorded for the adults suggests significant differences in growth rate and the size at which the snails become sexually mature. The occurrence of Hydrobia in the stomachs offish and birds is well documented (Clay, 1960) and the suggestion that this species may influence the breeding success of some species of bird (Anderson, 1971) illustrates its importance in the ecology of estuaries and salt marshes.
Management of achalasia in 2020: Per-oral endoscopic myotomy, Heller’s or dilatation?

Achalasia cardia is a rare esophageal motility disorder. Although a primary neurological disorder, the treatment modalities of achalasia are primarily endoscopic or surgical. Pneumatic dilatation (PD) or laparoscopic Heller’s myotomy (LHM) have been the mainstay of achalasia management for several decades. With the introduction of third space endoscopy, the endoscopic management of achalasia has revolutionized. Randomized studies have concluded the superiority of per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) over PD. In addition, the short-term outcomes of POEM are similar to LHM. POEM is a relatively new technique and long-term data is eagerly awaited. The main concern after POEM is a high incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) which is found in about half of the patients undergoing this procedure. GERD is higher after POEM when compared to PD and LHM with fundoplication. The management of achalasia should be individualized and based on factors like patient characteristics (age, sex, comorbidities), subtyping on high resolution manometry, patient/doctor preference, and surgical risk of the patient. Copyright © 2020, Society of Gastrointestinal Intervention.
High-Resolution Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification via Key Filter Bank Based on Convolutional Neural Network

High-resolution remote sensing (HRRS) image scene classification has attracted an enormous amount of attention due to its wide application in a range of tasks. Due to the rapid development of deep learning (DL), models based on convolutional neural network (CNN) have made competitive achievements on HRRS image scene classification because of the excellent representation capacity of DL. The scene labels of HRRS images extremely depend on the combination of global information and information from key regions or locations. However, most existing models based on CNN tend only to represent the global features of images or overstate local information capturing from key regions or locations, which may confuse different categories. To address this issue, a key region or location capturing method called key filter bank (KFB) is proposed in this article, and KFB can retain global information at the same time. This method can combine with different CNN models to improve the performance of HRRS imagery scene classification. Moreover, for the convenience of practical tasks, an end-to-end model called KFBNet where KFB combined with DenseNet-121 is proposed to compare the performance with existing models. This model is evaluated on public benchmark data sets, and the proposed model makes better performance on benchmarks than the state-of-the-art methods.
Custom Domain Adaptation: A New Method for Cross-Subject, EEG-Based Cognitive Load Recognition

Electroencephalograms (EEG) have shown to be a useful approach to measure the cognitive load in tasks where mental effort is involved. However, EEG signals present a high variability among subjects as well as a non-stationary behavior, so that distributions among samples of different subjects are mismatched. Methods based on Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) have been used as an effective solution to reduce such discrepancy, while the ones leveraged by deep learning (D-UDA) have improved the classification results over shallow approaches. However, most D-UDA methods assume that even though there are differences in marginal distributions between source and target domains, their conditional distributions remain fixed, which does not hold in many EEG databases. To address this problem, we propose a new D-UDA method, named Custom Domain Adaptation (CDA), which integrates Adaptive Batch Normalization (AdaBN) and Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) into two independent deep neural networks in order to reduce the marginal and conditional distribution differences. CDA was compared with six popular D-UDA methods using a free-available dataset of cognitive loads and obtained an accuracy of $98.2\pm 2.67\%$, which outperformed these state-of-the-art methods.
A new species of Holochilus (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) from the middle Pleistocene of Bolivia and its phylogenetic significance

ABSTRACT A series of mandibles and maxillae from the Ensenadan (middle Pleistocene) sediments of the Tarija Basin of Bolivia are assigned to Holochilus primigenus, sp. nov. This marsh rat of the subfamily Sigmodontinae (= “South American cricetid”) is one of the few extinct muroids known from South America. A cladistic analysis indicates that this new species is the sister taxon to living species of Holochilus and possesses a morphology transitional between extant Holochilus and their closest living relative, Lundomys. The occlusal molar morphology of H. primigenus is virtually indistinguishable from that in extant Lundomys, but synapomorphic characters of the mandible and palate unite M. primigenus with the extant Holochilus. Holochilus primigenus is a potential ancestor to its living congeners because it possesses no known autapomorphies. The explicit hypothesis of phylogenetic position for this new species combined with its presumed geologic age of 0.7–1.0 Ma may provide a calibration point to estimate.
First Generation Students in the Hungarian Higher Educational System

The first part of the study attempts to summarise the most frequently used and cited theories and empirical findings in the field of first generation students. The specialist literature has identified those factors (cultural background of family, parents’ special attitude toward learning, the features of the time-budget etc.) which can generate a disadvantageous situation within the higher education system for these students. However, the presence of this group is a significant indicator of the openness of a society and social mobility, and a more careful analysis of this population may reduce the drop-out rate, as well. During the empirical analysis two databases were used (Eurostudent VI, Hungarian Youth Research 2012 and 2016). Our results draw attention to the process of social closure and the decreasing chance of attending higher education for young people from lower social groups. This unfavourable shift can mirror the relatively closed features of Hungarian society, but at the same time it can make the distances among social groups more rigid.
A case-control study of two polymorphisms of HIF1A in children with cleft lip/palate and in their mother

Amac: Palatogenez, fetal yasamin erken evrelerinde ortaya cikan metabolik bir olaydir. Raporlar, hipoksinin damak olusumunda ve yukselmesinde ve ayrica dudaklarin fuzyonunda kritik bir durum oldugunu gostermektedir. Cevresel faktorlerin yani sira, genetik faktorlerin hipokside onemli rol oynadigi bilinmektedir. Hucrelerin hipoksiye yol acan oksijen basincindaki degisikliklere cevap verebilme yetenegi, hipoksi ile induklenebilir faktorler (HIF'ler) olarak bilinen bir transkripsiyon faktoru ailesinin aktivasyonuna baglidir. Bu calisma, yarik dudak/damakli cocuklar ve bu cocuklarin annelerinde hipoksi ile induklenebilir faktor 1, alfa alt birimi (HIF1A)'nin iki polimorfizminin dagilimini belirlemek icin yapilmistir. Yontemler: HIF1A'nin (Pro582Ser ve Ala588Thr) iki polimorfik yapisi, calisma grubu olan yarik dudak/damakli cocuklar ve annelerinde ve kontrol grubu cocuklar ve annelerinde polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu fragment uzunlugu polimorfizmi (PCR-RFLP) yontemi kullanilarak incelendi. DNA fragmentleri, kesim isleminden sonar agaroz jelde goruntulendi. Bulgular: Polimorfik yapilardan Ala588Thr karsilastirmasinda, yarik dudak/damakli cocuklar ve anneler ile kontrol grubu cocuklar ve anneleri arasinda fark gozlenmemistir. Pro582Ser karsilastirmasinda ise; anne ve cocuk genotiplerinin kontrol gruplariyla karsilastirilmasinda farkliliklar gorulmustur (P=0.034 ve P=0.023, sirasiyla). Alell karsilastirmalarinda, yarik dudak/damakli cocuklarin anneleri ile kontrol grubu anneleri arasinda fark gozlenmistir (P=0.001). Cocuklardaki allel karsilastirmalarinda da, annelerdeki kadar yuksek olmasa da fark gorulmustur (P=0.026). Sonuc: HIF1A proteinindeki Prolin aminoasitlerinin degisimine neden polimorfizmler, HIF1A proteininin aktivitesini veya omrunu etkiliyor ve yarik dudak/damak olusunda rol aliyor olabilir.
Nutrição mineral de hortaliças: XXXII. distúrbios nutricionais em jiló (Solanum jilo cultivar morro grande oblongo) cultivado em solução nutritiva

O presente trabalho teve como objetivos: - Obter um quadro sintomatologico da carencia de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e B; - Composicao quimica das folhas novas, velhas e caule em funcao das carencias nutricionais; Plantas de jilo (Solanum jilo) cultivar Morro Grande Oblongo) foram cultivadas em vasos contendo silica e irrigadas duas vezes ao dia com solucao nutritiva completa e deficientes nos nutrientes. Surgidos os sintomas as plantas foram colhidas e analisadas para os elementos em questao. Os autores descrevem os sintomas e apresentam dados analiticos referentes a plantas sadias e desnutridas.
INTERNAL CIRCULATION OF CARBON WITHIN A TREE

The internal transport of carbon dioxide by water flow has until now been omitted when interpreting measurements of photosynthesis and respiration. Theoretical and empirical analyses of the behaviour of carbon dioxide within a tree show that the consideration of dissolved carbon transportation may be important when estimating the respiration rate, but not so important when considering photosynthetic production.
The genus Oligota (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in New Zealand

The New Zealand species of Oligota Mannerheim are revised. Diagnostic characters are detailed, and a key to species is given. Eighteen species are recognised, of which 11 — setigera, punctum,ferruginea, inconspicua, wendyi, fungicola, grandis, hudsoni,, transversalis, excavata, and watti arQ described as new. The genus Paroligota is treated as a synonym of Oligota. Oligota longula Cameron is transferred from subgenus Holobus to Oligota sensu stricto. A possible relationship with individuals of the Hawaiian subgenus Nesoligota is suggested. Unique secondary sexual characters present on the head and antennae of certain males are described and illustrated. Oligota hudsoni is proposed as a new name for Paroligota zealandica Cameron, which is a junior homonym of Oligota zealandica Bernhauer. Lectotypes are designated where necessary.
Interactions Between Entomopathogenic Fungi and Other Natural Enemies: Implications for Biological Control

Pathogens and arthropod natural enemies may contribute to the suppression of insect pest populations either as individual species or as species complexes. However, because natural enemies of insects have evolved and function in a multitrophic context it is important to assess interactions within complexes of natural enemies if they are to be exploited effectively in pest management. Natural enemies can interact either synergistically/additively (e.g. enhanced transmission and dispersal of insect pathogens) or antagonistically (e.g. parasitism/infection, predation and competition). In this paper, studies assessing the potential interactions between insect and fungal natural enemies are reviewed. In general, these studies indicate the positive nature of the interactions between arthropod natural enemies and fungal pathogens with respect to the control of insect populations. More work is required to investigate further the many ways in which the natural enemy community interacts in the agroecosystem
Lowering the Voting Age to 16? A Comparative Study on the Political Competence and Engagement of Underage and Adult Youth

Abstract One reform considered for increasing voter turnout rates is to lower the voting age to 16 years old. Advocates of such a reform argue that young people would vote for the first time while they are still in school and living with their parents, which would provide a social context that is supportive of their electoral participation. However, opponents argue that 16- and 17-year-olds are not mature enough to take part in elections. Using data from a 2018 Quebec election survey that included a subsample of individuals aged 16 and 17, this study provides mixed evidence for both arguments.
Understanding Continuance Intention to Play Online Games: The Roles of Hedonic Value, Utilitarian Value and Perceived Risk

Abstract The current study examines how the perception of negative consequences or risks interacts with hedonic and utilitarian values in predicting gamers’ continuance intention to play online games. We examine the proposed model by conducting an empirical study of the responses of two hundred and one (201) online gamers using structural equation modeling. From our results, hedonic value positively impacts the continuance intention to play online games, whereas utilitarian value does not significantly impact online gaming behavior. Furthermore, at higher perceived risk levels, hedonic value enhances the online game continuance intention whereas utilitarian value has insignificant effect. At low perceived risk levels, both hedonic and utilitarian values have significant effect on continuance intentions to play online games. The study discusses the theoretical contributions as well as practical implications of our findings.
Existence and uniqueness of invariant measures of 3D stochastic MHD-α model driven by degenerate noise

ABSTRACT In this paper, we establish the existence and uniqueness of invariant measures of the 3D stochastic magnetohydrodynamic-α model (MHD-α) driven by degenerate additive noise. We firstly study the Feller property of solutions and establish the existence of invariant measures by utilizing the classical Krylov–Bogoliubov theorem. Then, we prove the uniqueness of invariant measures for the corresponding transition semigroup by utilizing the notion of asymptotic strong Feller proposed by Hairer and Mattingly [Ergodicity of the 2D Navier–Stokes equations with degenerate stochastic forcing. Ann Math (2). 2006;164(3):993–1032]. The proof not only requires the investigation of degenerate noise, but also the study of highly nonlinear, unbounded drifts.
Reproductive phenology and pre‐dispersal seed‐feeding in Protium tovarense (Burseraceae), with a description of the first known phytophagous “Bracon” species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae)

The reproductive phenology of the cloud forest tree Protium tovarense (Burseraceae) is analysed for one population in northern Venezuela. Reproductive phenophases were monitored using both long‐term(21 years) and detailed short‐term (4 years) surveys of flower and fruit set. The reproductive phenology of this tree varies, with periods in which the species behaves as a supra‐annual reproducer, and other periods in which it reproduces annually, at the end of the rainy season. Marked spatial variation in reproductive condition was also observed, with subpopulations separated by less than 2 km showing contrasting phenological stages. Larval infestation of seeds by a braconid wasp was observed for a period of 1 year and is described. This wasp, the first obligately phytophagous species of Braconinae, is described as Bracon phytophagus Quicke sp. n. Percentage fruit infestation by this wasp was relatively high (50–60%) during the entire period (∼10 months) of fruit development. The larval stages are described and illustrated, and compared with those of other phytophagous Ichneumonoidea. DNA sequencing of wasp colour variants provided no indication that multiple species were involved. Two related braconine species described in the genus Iphiaulax are transferred to Bracon, hence, B. flavipalpisimus replacement name (Szépligeti) ( = Iphiaulax flavipalpis Szépligeti, 1901 not B. flavipalpis Thomson, 1892) and B. glabrescens (Szépligeti) n. comb. ( = Iphiaulax glabrescens Szépligeti, 1901). Evolutionary routes to phytophagy in braconid wasps and hypothetical scenarios in which this plant–seed predator interaction can be maintained are discussed.
Attraction and Avoidance between Predators and Prey at Wildlife Crossings on Roads

Wildlife passages are currently built at roads and railway lines to re-establish connectivity. However, little is known about whether predator-prey interactions may reduce the effectiveness of the crossing structures. We evaluated the co-occurrence patterns of predator-prey species-pairs at 113 crossing structures, noting their coincidence at the same structure and/or on the same day. We built occupancy models using presence-absence matrices for three prey and five predator types obtained during 2076 passage-days of monitoring. The results indicate that predators and prey do not use passages independently. Attraction or segregation effects occurred in 20% of predator-prey species-pairs and were detected in 67% of cases with respect to same-day use. Our results show that both predator and prey species used the same structures to cross fenced roads. However, the spatial and daily patterns of crossing suggest that there were predators that attended crossings to search for prey and that prey species avoided using crossings in the presence of predators. Our results support two recommendations to avoid crossing structures losing effectiveness or becoming prey traps: (i) increase the number of wider structures to reduce the risks of predator-prey encounters and (ii) include inside them structural heterogeneity and refuges, to reduce the likelihood for predator-prey interactions.
Seed production of Charybdis feriatus (Linnaeus)

Some aspects of the reproductive biology of Charybdis feriatus (Linnaeus) were investigated to identify suitable techniques for broodstock management and seed production. Likewise, factors such as ablation, water depth and light requirements affecting survival or reproductive performance were tested. Production of megalops in tanks and juveniles in net cages installed in earthen ponds was conducted. Wild-caught berried females produced a significantly higher number of zoeae per gram body weight (BW) of the female (3300±600) than captive spawners (867±58). Ablated and unablated crabs spawned after a month and ovaries of both had oocytes in all developmental stages after spawning, indicating that ablation was not necessary. Broodstock survived higher when stocked in 1 m-deep water and kept in dark conditions compared with shallow (0.5 m depth) water or ambient lighting. There were six zoea and one megalopa stage. Megalops were produced (survival of 2–22% in 1 tonne or 23–55% in 3 L tanks) when methods for the mud crab Scylla serrata (Forsskal) were used, but feeding with Artemia started only at the Z4 stage. Survival of megalops after 1 month was higher when stocked in net cages installed in an earthen pond (32–82%) than when reared continuously in land-based tanks (5–11%).
NESTING SUCCESS OF DUCKS ON THE CENTRAL YUKON FLATS, ALASKA

Nesting success was studied at Canvasback Lake and Mallard Lake on the Yukon Flats in interior Alaska in 1989- 1991. Simple estimates of nesting success were computed using two techniques that assume a constant daily survival rate (DSR). Maximum-likelihood estimates of nesting success for all ducks, assuming constant DSR, ranged among years and sites from near zero to 12%. However, DSRs were not constant but increased with nest age and initiation date (R2 = 0.42, P = 0.0001). Nesting success was near zero for nests initiated 1 - 10 May and increased to 100% for nests initiated after 30 June. Therefore, species nesting in early to mid season, such as Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Northern Pintail (A. acuta), and Northern Shoveler (A. clypeata), had lower success than later nesting species such as Green-winged Teal (A. crecca) and Lesser Scaup (Aythya afinis). In 1990 and 1991, combined nesting success of all species, allowing for variation in DSR with nest initiation date and age of nest, was 12.50%.
Evidence on the Performance of Infrastructure Mutual Funds

This article investigates, empirically, whether infrastructure-focused mutual funds provide superior performance (higher alphas) than comparable equity mutual funds not investing in infrastructure. Using monthly returns on US equity mutual funds, the “best clientele performance measure” developed by Chrétien and Kammoun (2017, 1583), and the generalized method of moments estimation, we find that infrastructure-focused mutual funds have higher alphas (higher best clientele alphas) than comparable funds not investing in infrastructure. Our results support the growing belief that infrastructure-focused equity mutual funds are able to provide superior performance resulting from the financial characteristics of infrastructure. Furthermore, our results show that the investor disagreement about the performance of infrastructure-focused equity mutual funds is not significantly different from that of comparable funds not investing in infrastructure. TOPICS: Wealth management, mutual fund performance Key Findings • The infrastructure-focused equity mutual funds have higher alphas (higher best clientele alphas) than comparable funds not investing in infrastructure. • The investor disagreement about the performance of infrastructure-focused equity mutual funds is not significantly different from that of comparable funds not investing in infrastructure. • Our results support the growing belief about the superior performance of infrastructure-focused equity mutual funds resulting from the financial characteristics of infrastructure.
The relationship between chlorophyll content and rate of photosynthesis in soybeans

Photosynthetic rate of soybeans (on a leaf area basis, PA) estimated from the incorporation of 14CO2 under field conditions was highly correlated with chlorophyll content of the side leaflets of the same leaves. Among a collection of 48 cultivars, the linear regression of PA on chlorophyll content accounted for 44% of the variation, whereas with a selection of genotypes with various mutant chlorophyll genes, the regression accounted for 81%. When the data for the two tests were re-calculated relative to the check cv. Altona, a quadratic equation between PA and chlorophyll accounted for nearly 90% of the variation. When photosynthetic rate was expressed on a unit chlorophyll basis (Pc), no significant differences among lines were established in the cultivar test. In the mutants test, significant differences in Pc were established with higher values of Pc associated with lower chlorophyll contents; a linear regression accounted for 45% of the variation. Transformation of the data from both experiments relat.