Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polygonum sibiricum polysaccharides exert the antidepressant‐like effects in chronic unpredictable mild stress‐induced depressive mice by modulating microbiota‐gut‐brain axis

Polygonum sibiricum polysaccharides (PSP) are one of the main active components of Polygonatum sibiricum, which is a traditional Chinese medicine with food and drug homologies. Recent studies have revealed the antidepressant‐like effects of PSP. However, the precise mechanisms have not been clarified. Therefore, the present study was conducted to explore that whether PSP could exert the antidepressant‐like effects via microbiota‐gut‐brain (MGB) axis in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)‐induced depressive mice by transplantation of fecal microbiota (FMT) from PSP administration mice. FMT markedly reversed the depressive‐like behaviors of CUMS‐induced mice in the open field, the sucrose preference, the tail suspension, the forced swimming, and the novelty‐suppressed feeding tests. FMT significantly increased the levels of 5‐hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine, decreased the levels of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and reduced the levels of corticosterone, an adrenocorticotropic‐hormone, in the serum of CUMS‐induced mice. In addition, administration of PSP and FMT significantly increased the expressions of ZO‐1 and occludin in the colon and decreased the levels of lipopolysaccharide and interferon‐γ in the serum of CUMS‐induced mice. Moreover, administration of PSP and FMT regulated the signaling pathways of PI3K/AKT/TLR4/NF‐κB and ERK/CREB/BDNF. Taken together, these findings indicated that PSP exerted antidepressant‐like effects via the MGB axis.
Disruption of CSF2RA in the bovine preimplantation embryo reduces development and affects embryonic gene expression in utero

The hypothesis that colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) plays a role in the preimplantation development of the bovine embryo was tested by evaluating consequences of inactivation of CSF2RA (the functional receptor in the embryo) for the development of embryos in utero. CRISPR/Cas9 was used to alter sequences on exon 5 and intron 5 of CSF2RA, Control embryos were injected with Cas9 mRNA only. Embryos > 16 cells at day 5 after insemination were transferred to synchronized recipient females in groups of 7–24. Embryos were flushed from the uterus 2 days later. The proportion of recovered embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage was lower for knockout embryos (39%) than for control embryos (63%). RNA sequencing of individual morulae and blastocysts indicated a total of 27 (morula) or 15 (blastocyst) differentially expressed genes (false discovery rate <0.05). Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that the knockout affected genes playing roles in several functions including cell signaling and glycosylation. It was concluded that signaling through CSF2RA is not obligatory for the development of the bovine preimplantation embryo to the blastocyst stage but that CSF2 signaling does enhance the likelihood that the embryo can become a blastocyst and result in specific changes in gene expression. Lay summary Development of the early embryo depends upon regulation by chemical signals produced by the uterus. One of these signals is a protein called colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) that can affect the development of embryos in culture. To test whether CSF2 also regulates the embryo in the uterus, where development ordinarily occurs, we evaluated development in the uterus of embryos in which the receptor for CSF2 was disrupted. Embryos without the receptor gene were less likely to develop to the typical stage of development than control embryos and experienced some differences in the expression of specific genes. We conclude that CSF2 regulates embryonic development in the uterus.
Trees with anisohydric behavior as main drivers of nocturnal evapotranspiration in a tropical mountain rainforest

This study addresses transpiration in a tropical evergreen mountain forest in the Ecuadorian Andes from the leaf to the stand level, with emphasis on nocturnal plant-water relations. The stand level: Evapotranspiration (ET) measured over 12 months with the Eddy-Covariance (ECov) technique proved as the major share (79%) of water received from precipitation. Irrespective of the humid climate, the vegetation transpired day and night. On average, 15.3% of the total daily ET were due to nocturnal transpiration. Short spells of drought increased daily ET, mainly by enhanced nighttime transpiration. Following leaf transpiration rather than air temperature and atmospheric water vapor deficit, ET showed its maximum already in the morning hours. The tree level: Due to the humid climate, the total water consumption of trees was generally low. Nevertheless, xylem sap flux measurements separated the investigated tree species into a group showing relatively high and another one with low sap flux rates. The leaf level: Transpiration rates of Tapirira guianensis, a member of the high-flux-rate group, were more than twice those of Ocotea aciphylla, a representative of the group showing low sap flux rates. Representatives of the Tapirira group operated at a relatively high leaf water potential but with a considerable diurnal amplitude, while the leaves of the Ocotea group showed low water potential and small diurnal fluctuations. Overall, the Tapirira group performed anisohydrically and the Ocotea group isohydrically. Grouping of the tree species by their water relations complied with the extents of the diurnal stem circumference fluctuations. Nighttime transpiration and hydrological type: In contrast to the isohydrically performing trees of the Ocotea group, the anisohydric trees showed considerable water vapour pressure deficit (VPD)-dependent nocturnal transpiration. Therefore, we conclude that nighttime ET at the forest level is mainly sourced by the tree species with anisohydric performance.
Radio variability of blazars

Abstract In this work, we present the analysis results using UMRAO preliminary data base. We used the light curves 1) to get the shortest timescales and then to get the brightness temperature so that we can estimate the Doppler factors; 2) to investigate the periodicity and discuss the variability index. We also used the data base to discuss the polarization properties of blazars. We found that the periodicity distribution in BL Lacs and that in the flat spectrum radio quasars should be from the same distribution. The Doppler factor in FSRQs is higher than that in BL. The polarization in BLs are higher than that in the flat spectrum radio quasars
A Comparative Study of Two Integral-Equation Formulations of Te Modes in Circular Ridged Waveguide

We present and compare two integral-equation formulations of the TE eigenvalue problem of a ridged circular waveguide. In the E-formulation, an integral equation for the tangential electric field Eo. is derived and solved by the moment method using basis functions which include the edge conditions. The H-formulation relies on an integral equation for the axial magnetic field Hz, which is also solved by the moment method and basis functions with edge conditions. Spurious roots are encountered in the E-formulation whereas the H-Formulation is free from spurious roots but requires larger matrices. Results from both formulations are compared with previously published data and analytic results for limiting cases, excellent agreement is demonstrated.
Can adjuvant radiotherapy be omitted for oral cavity cancer patients who received neoadjuvant therapy and surgery? A retrospective cohort study

Background: Surgery and postoperative adjuvant therapy comprise the standard treatment for locally advanced resectable oral squamous cell carcinoma (LAROSCC), while preoperative neoadjuvant therapy is being explored without sufficient confirmation of improved survival. De-escalation regimens after neoadjuvant therapy, such as those omitting adjuvant radiotherapy, may provide comparable or better outcomes, suggesting rigorous assessment of adjuvant therapy outcomes is needed in LAROSCC patients. The authors thus performed this retrospective study in LAROSCC patients who received neoadjuvant therapy and surgery, to compare the outcomes for overall survival (OS) and locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) between the adjuvant radiotherapy (radio) and nonradiotherapy (nonradio) cohorts. Materials and methods: Patients diagnosed with LAROSCC who received neoadjuvant therapy and surgery were enrolled and divided into radio and nonradio cohorts to determine whether adjuvant radiotherapy could be omitted after neoadjuvant therapy and surgery. Results: From 2008 to 2021, 192 patients were enrolled. No significant differences were found in OS or LRFS between the radio and nonradio patient cohorts. The 10-year estimated OS rates were 58.9 versus 44.1% in radio versus nonradio cohorts, while 10-year estimated LRFS rates were 55.4 versus 48.2%, respectively. For clinical stage III patients, 10-year OS rates were 62.3 versus 62.6% (radio vs. nonradio), and estimated 10-year LRFS rates were 56.5 versus 60.7% (radio vs. nonradio). Multivariate Cox regression modeling of postoperative variables showed pathologic response of primary tumor and pathologic regional lymph nodes staging were associated with survival, while the adjuvant radiotherapy exposure was not included in the model due to nonsignificance. Conclusion: These findings support further prospective evaluation of adjuvant radiotherapy omission, and suggest that de-escalation trials are warranted for LAROSCC surgery patients who received neoadjuvant therapy.
Mode instability thresholds of fiber amplifiers

We show by detailed numerical modeling that stimulated thermal Rayleigh scattering can account for the modal instability observed in high power fiber amplifiers. Our model illustrates how the instability threshold power can be maximized by eliminating amplitude and phase modulation of the signal seed light and the pump light and by careful injection of the signal seed light. We also illustrate the influence of photodarkening and mode specific loss.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing to indicate increased ventilatory variability in subjects with dysfunctional breathing

Dysfunctional breathing (DB) is a common, but largely underappreciated, cause of chronic dyspnoea. Under visual inspection, most subjects with DB present with larger sequential changes in ventilation (V̇E) and breathing pattern (tidal volume (VT) and breathing frequency (f)) before and/or during incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Currently, however, there are no objective criteria to indicate increased ventilatory variability in these subjects.
What does the licensing of teplizumab mean for diabetes care?

Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Department of Diabetes, University Hospitals of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Department of Paediatrics, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK Diabetes Research Group, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
Radiation impacts on toxicity of cobalt–chromium (CoCr) implant debris

Abstract Particulate and soluble debris are generated by mechanical and non-mechanical degradation of implanted medical devices. Debris containing cobalt and chromium (CoCr) is known to cause adverse biological reactions. Implant-related complications are often diagnosed using radiography, which results in more frequent patient exposure to ionizing radiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for increased toxicity due to combined radiation and CoCr exposure. This was investigated using a controlled in vitro model consisting of commercially available CoCr debris that was generated from components of hip replacements and human cell lines relevant to the joint environment: endothelial HMEC-1 and synovial SW982. Particle sizes and shapes were heterogenous. Cells tended to internalize smaller particles, as observed by electron microscopy. Indicators of toxicity were measured after short (24 h after radiation) or extended (12–14 d after radiation) exposure timelines. In the short-term, CoCr reduced cell viability, increased apoptosis, and increased oxidative stress. The effects of radiation were not apparent until the timeline was extended. CoCr and radiation reduced cell survival, with both additive and synergistic effects. Mechanisms for reduced survival included rapid cell death caused by CoCr and senescence caused by radiation. In conclusion, results showed combined toxicological effects of CoCr and radiation at the doses and timelines used for this in vitro model. These observations warrant further investigation using other experimental models to determine translational impact.
The Consensus Project: Participation in cervical cancer screening by the first cohorts of girls offered HPV vaccination at age 15–16 years in Italy

Objective To evaluate the association between human papillomavirus vaccination status and participation in cervical cancer screening (at age 25) by the first cohorts of girls who were offered vaccination at the age of 15 to 16 years in Italy. Methods Women born in 1993, 1994 and 1995 were invited to participate in cervical cancer screening between 2018 and 2020. We report participation in screening by vaccination status in three large areas, Florence province, Piedmont region and Savona province, where the Consensus Project was carried out. The relative risk of participation among vaccinated (≥2 doses) and unvaccinated women was estimated. Odds ratios (OR) of participation by vaccination status were estimated by logistic regression, adjusted by birthplace and birth cohort. Results Overall, 34,993 women were invited for screening: 13,006 (37.2%) participated and 10,062 of these agreed to participate in the Consensus intervention study. Among the invited women and screening participants, vaccinated women were 51.0% and 60.6%, respectively. Comparing vaccinated and unvaccinated women, the adjusted OR of screening participation was 1.80 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.72–1.89), 2.17 (95% CI: 1.94–2.42), 1.59 (95% CI: 1.50–1.68) and 1.15 (95% CI: 0.86–1.54) for overall, Florence, Piedmont and Savona, respectively. About 33% of the invited women were unvaccinated and did not participate in screening: 25.8%, 59.5% and 64.2% of women born in Italy, in high migration pressure countries and in advanced development countries, respectively. Conclusions Screening participation was higher among vaccinated than unvaccinated women. Active policies are needed to reduce inequalities, targeting the unscreened and unvaccinated population, particularly non-native women, to accelerate cervical cancer elimination in Italy.
Autism community priorities in diverse low-resource settings: A country-wide scoping exercise in India

While studies to map the priorities of the autistic community have been undertaken in some high-income countries, there has been little or no such systematic assessment in the global south. India alone is home to an estimated >5 million autistic individuals. To address this gap in the literature, this study conducted a survey of the Indian autism community on their priorities for three areas: skills training, intervention and research. Individuals with a clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders and parents/guardians of autistic individuals were invited to take part in the study. Data from 280 respondents were collected online and followed up with interviews on a subset (n = 40) chosen through stratified random selection. Results highlighted a unanimous prioritisation for self-help skills as the most important area in skills training, as it was considered the foundation for acquiring all other skills. Speech and language therapy was identified as the most important intervention for autistic individuals. Within research, identifying the most effective ways for the community to support autistic people was given the topmost priority. Researchers, clinicians and policymakers may use these insights to develop services and shape future research that is more in accord with the community’s needs. Lay abstract It is vital to directly engage with the autism community in order to develop better services and drive the research agenda. While some studies in high-income countries have mapped the priorities of the autism community, there is a severe dearth of such efforts in the global south. Five million autistic individuals are estimated to live in India alone, and there has been little effort to map their priorities. Moreover, studies in high-income countries focused largely on research priorities, and not so much on skills training and interventions. Keeping these needs in mind, we conducted an online survey followed by an in-depth conversation with parents of autistic children and autistic adults drawn from across India. We found that the respondents reported self-help skills to be the most important for training, as they considered it fundamental for every other aspect of life. Speech and language therapy was considered to be the highest intervention priority for this group, highlighting the importance of social communication. Mental health counselling was also considered to be a high priority, but several parents identified it as being more relevant for themselves rather than for their children. Within research, the topmost priority was to understand ways in which the community can better support autistic people. We hope that these findings will help researchers, policymakers and service providers to be able to make well-informed decisions, develop relevant services and shape future research.
High signal-to-noise imaging of spontaneous and 5 ns electric pulse-evoked Ca2+ signals in GCaMP6f-expressing adrenal chromaffin cells isolated from transgenic mice

In studies exploring the potential for nanosecond duration electric pulses to serve as a novel modality for neuromodulation, we found that a 5 ns pulse triggers an immediate rise in [Ca2+]i in isolated bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. To facilitate ongoing efforts to understand underlying mechanisms and to work toward carrying out investigations in cells in situ, we describe the suitability and advantages of using isolated murine adrenal chromaffin cells expressing, in a Cre-dependent manner, the genetically-encoded Ca2+indicator GCaMP6f. Initial experiments confirmed that Ca2+ responses evoked by a 5 ns pulse were similar between fluorescent Ca2+ indicator-loaded murine and bovine chromaffin cells, thereby establishing that 5 ns-elicited excitation of chromaffin cells occurs reproducibly across species. In GCaMP6f-expressing murine chromaffin cells, spontaneous Ca2+ activity as well as nicotinic receptor agonist- and 5 ns evoked-Ca2+ responses consistently displayed similar kinetic characteristics as those in dye-loaded cells but with two-twentyfold greater amplitudes and without photobleaching. The high signal-to-noise ratio of evoked Ca2+ responses as well as spontaneous Ca2+ activity was observed in cells derived from Sox10-Cre, conditional GCaMP6f mice or TH-Cre, conditional GCaMP6f mice, although the number of cells expressing GCaMP6f at sufficiently high levels for achieving high signal-to-noise ratios was greater in Sox10-Cre mice. As in bovine cells, Ca2+ responses elicited in murine GCaMP6f-expressing cells by a 5 ns pulse were mediated by the activation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels but not tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-gated Na+ channels. We conclude that genetically targeting GCaMP6f expression to murine chromaffin cells represents a sensitive and valuable approach to investigate spontaneous, receptor agonist- and nanosecond electric pulse-induced Ca2+ responses in vitro. This approach will also facilitate future studies investigating the effects of ultrashort electric pulses on cells in ex vivo slices of adrenal gland, which will lay the foundation for using nanosecond electric pulses to stimulate neurosecretion in vivo.
Scaling laws for fully developed turbulent shear flows. Part 1. Basic hypotheses and analysis

The present work consists of two parts. Here in Part 1, a scaling law (incomplete similarity with respect to local Reynolds number based on distance from the wall) is proposed for the mean velocity distribution in developed turbulent shear flow. The proposed scaling law involves a special dependence of the power exponent and multiplicative factor on the flow Reynolds number. It emerges that the universal logarithmic law is closely related to the envelope of a family of power-type curves, each corresponding to a fixed Reynolds number. A skin-friction law, corresponding to the proposed scaling law for the mean velocity distribution, is derived. In Part 2 (Barenblatt & Prostokishin 1993), both the scaling law for the velocity distribution and the corresponding friction law are compared with experimental data.
Semi-Supervised Semantic Role Labeling with Bidirectional Language Models

The recent success of neural networks in NLP applications has provided a strong impetus to develop supervised models for semantic role labeling (SRL) that forego the requirement for extensive feature engineering. Recent state-of-the-art approaches require high-quality annotated datasets that are costly to obtain and almost unavailable for low-resource languages. We present a semi-supervised approach that utilizes both labeled and unlabeled data to provide performance improvement over a mere supervised SRL model. We show that our proposed semi-supervised SRL model provides larger improvement over a supervised model in the scenario where labeled training data size is small. Our SRL system leverages unlabeled data under the language modeling paradigm. We demonstrate that the incorporation of a self pre-trained bidirectional language model (S-PrLM) into a SRL system can help in SRL performance improvement by learning composition functions from the unlabeled data. Previous researches have concluded that syntax information is very useful for high-performing SRL systems, so we incorporate syntax information by employing an unsupervised approach to leverage dependency path information to connect argument candidates in vector space, which helps in distinguishing arguments with similar contexts but different syntactic functions. The basic idea is to connect predicate (wp) with argument candidate (wa) with the dependency path (r) between them in the embedding space. Experiments on the CoNLL-2008 and CoNLL-2009 datasets confirm that our full SRL model outperforms previous best models in terms of F1 score.