Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Average Turbulent Pipe Flow Using a Three-equation Model

Aim of this study is to evaluate a three-equation average turbulence model applied to pipe flow. Uncertainty is approximated by comparing with published direct numerical simulation results for fullydeveloped pipe flow. The model is based on the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations. Boussinesq hypothesis is invoked for determining the Reynolds stresses. Three local length scales are solved for, based onwhich the eddy viscosity is calculated. There are only two constants in the model; one accounts for surface roughness and the other is possibly attributed to the fluid. Error in the mean axial velocity and Reynolds stress is found to be negligible. Key-Words: Pipe flow, Reynolds stress, turbulence modeling
THE ENHANCED ROLE OF VITAMINS C AND E ON THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF SODIUM NITRATES ON THE LIVER AND TESTIS OF ADULT ALBINO RATS

Background: Drug addiction is a major public health and socioeconomic problems worldwide that annoy the Egyptian government, as it deals with younth within the age of productivity. Aim of the Work: To assess drug abuse among Zagazig University students, also to identify the most common abused drug among them. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted on 750 students in Zagazig University during the period from the beginning of November 2015 to the end of November 2016,after taken consent . Data of the students were taken from the questionnaire filled by students and the results of screening urine samples. Results: The prevalence of smoking among all studied students was 16.81% and strongly related to gender as in total males 26.1% were current smokers while in total females only 1.4%; while, the prevalence of abusing alcohols was 6% of all studied students and all of them were males. The prevalence of drug abuse was 7.41% among all studied students. The most abused drug was tetrahydrocannabinol (3.9%) followed by tramadol (1.9%) then benzodiazepines (0.67%), while, opium and barbiturates each one of them (0.47%). Polydrug users were about 18% which were only males . The tramadol was the commonest drug to use in polydrug users. Conclusion: Drug abuse in Zagazig university students is very serious problem damaging the youth and the community. Recommendation: Future longitudinal studies should be conducted to investigate the risk factors of drug abuse and suggest the use of urine analysis for drugs of abuse for all students before joining the university.
Problematic Internet use in Israeli-Arab adolescent males: Do parenting styles matter?

The current study explored the relationships between parenting styles and problematic internet use (PIU) in male adolescents from Israeli-Arab families. In the research literature, little is known about the role played by parenting in relation to children’s PIU in Arab societies. One hundred and eighty male adolescents whose age ranges from 12 to 16 (M = 13.92, SD = 1.42) reported their internet behavior and their parents’ parenting styles. Controlling for the participants’ age, family size, and grades, parenting styles explained 24% of the variance in PIU scores, with authoritarian parenting being the only significant unique predictor. A further analysis of covariance revealed that adolescents who perceived their parents as authoritative scored lower than their counterparts in PIU. Our findings suggest that while Israeli-Arab male adolescents might benefit from authoritative parenting at home, it is the parental authoritarian practices and behaviors per se that should be targeted as part of PIU intervention and prevention efforts.
Distress Risk: An Accelerated Failure Time Survival Analysis Approach

This paper explores the performance of an accelerated failure time (AFT) survival model in predicting corporate bankruptcies. AFT models provide an alternative to the proportional hazard model that allows for non-monotonic hazard functions with respect to time and does not assume proportionality. We show that at a quarterly frequency, the AFT model outperforms comparative models from literature in terms of both in-sample and out-of-sample bankruptcy prediction accuracy across all evaluation metrics. Furthermore the AFT specification generates a parsimonious prediction model and models the survival time directly and thus provides more intuitive summary statistics.
Cost and returns of smallholder yoghurt production enterprises in the Western highlands of Cameroon

Objective: To determine the cost and returns of smallholder yoghurt production enterprises in the Western highlands of Cameroon. Methodology and results: Socioeconomic data on yoghurt production were collected from seven dairy cooperative societies during demonstrations using data guides. Analysis of the data showed that smallholder yoghurt production requires small investments that are easily affordable to smallholder dairy farmers. Variable costs account for 96% of the cost of production compared to 4% for fixed cost. Conclusion and application of findings: The average cost/returns ratio for yoghurt production in the region is 1.6 and returns are higher in the rural than in the urban areas. Low investment requirements and running costs, high prices of yogurt and high productivity are some of the factors that increase the cost-returns ratio. Fresh milk alone accounts for an average of 55.7% of the total cost of production. The market price per litre of yoghurt produced by smallholder dairy farmers in the Western Highlands is lower than the cost of a similar quantity of imported yoghurt. The findings show that encouraging production and marketing of local yoghurt would enable small producers to generate income and consumers to save money by buying cheap but good quality local yoghurt. The positive cost-returns ratio and low investment required for yoghurt production are encouraging factors for small scale dairy farmers to invest in yoghurt production as a source of income generation towards poverty alleviation. Policy makers and stakeholders of the dairy sector need to develop measures to encourage the consumption of local dairy products especially yoghurt.
Effect of chemical defoliator application on yield and economics of compact cotton genotypes

The field experiment was conducted at main agricultural research station, UAS, Dharwad during kharif season of 2013 to study the effect of chemical defoliator application on yield and economics of compact cotton genotypes. Treatments consisted of 12 combinations comprising of two genotypes (G 1 -RAH 274 and G 2 -SC 2028 22) as main plots, two spacing levels (S 1 :45x10 cm and S 2 :45x15 cm) as sub plots with three chemical defoliator (D 1 : Dropp Ultra @ 200 ml/ha, D 2 : Ethrel @ 2000 ppm and D 3 : Water spray) as sub sub plot treatments. Results revealed that genotype RAH 274 with spacing of 45x15 cm along with application of chemical defoliator Ethrel @ 2000 ppm recorded higher seed cotton yield (2241 kg/ha), gross returns (Rs. 100830/ha), net returns (Rs. 67910/ha) and B C ratio (3.06) over other interactions. Similarly, the same interactions recorded higher yield attributes viz., sympodial branches per plant, number of bolls per plant, per cent boll open and yield per plant which resulted the higher seed cotton yield and economic returns. However, this treatment with spacing of 45x10 cm recorded significantly higher leaf defoliation (99.8 %) and superior over others.
Development of CNAFT Model for Lower Flammability Limits of Hydrogen Mixtures for Severe Accident Analysis Code in Nuclear Power Plant

After Fukushima-Daiichi accident, predicting lower flammability limits (LFL) of hydrogen has became an ever-important task for safety of nuclear industry. Experimental identification of LFL for all mixtures in accident conditions is considerably difficult due to wide variety of mixture types. For this reason, we have been developed a calculated non-adiabatic flame temperature (CNAFT) model to facilitate prediction of LFL. The uniqueness of this model is its ability to incorporate heat loss due to radiative heat transfer from flame during propagation using the CNAFT coefficient. The CNAFT model is more consistent with the experimental results for various mixtures compared with the previous model, which relied on the calculated adiabatic flame temperature (CAFT) to predict the LFL. However, the current model does not make a reasonable prediction of LFL under mixtures containing steam. Because steam is classified as radiating species, the presence of steam in the initial condition results more radiant heat loss. Therefore, we developed the extended CNAFT model through simulation of a seven-step combustion mechanism to consider steam effect on radiant heat loss. The extended model shows the maximum relative error with experimental results for various mixture types about 13 % even for containing steam. This study suggests that extended CNAFT model can be effectively utilized for flammability prediction in severe accident analysis code.
Financial Reporting Quality and Sustainability Information Disclosure in Brazil

Currently, businesses face an information disclosure approach involving the triple bottom line (social, environmental, and financial). This paper aims to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) information and financial reporting quality (FRQ). We argue that CSR companies behave differently in preparing financial accounting reports. Recent literature supports this theme, providing two distinct hypotheses: transparent financial reporting and retreatment. We used a sample of 1,181 companies from the years 2012 to 2016 to identify if socially responsible companies have better quality financial accounting information. In contrast to the hypotheses raised, we didn’t find a relationship between the CSR disclosures and the FRQ proxies. This suggests that sustainable companies do not explain lower or higher levels of earnings management. Our findings remain unchanged when we replace results management through discretionary accruals for manipulations of operating activities. Estimates with comparable samples also didn’t change the interpretations of the results.
Central Hypothyroidism Related to Pituitary Adenomas: Resistance to Central Hypothyroidism in Patients with GH Secreting Pituitary Adenomas

Background: The most frequent cause of central hypothyroidism (CeH) is pituitary adenomas, but the mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated thyroid status and GH/IGF-1 in CeH in untreated patients with pituitary non-functioning and GH-secreting adenomas. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of cases collected from two Hospitals between 2007 and 2016. One hundred-thirty-nine cases of non-functioning (NFPA) and 150 cases of GH-secreting pituitary adenoma (GHPA) were analyzed. The correlations between the thyroid status, several clinicopathological parameters, and GH/IGF-1 were examined. Findings: Twenty-four percent of NFPA patients had CeH. The severity did not correlate with tumor size and age, and all cases had normal TSH levels. In contrast, only 8.7% of GHPA patients had CeH; about half had normal TSH levels and about half had low TSH levels. Serum TSH levels in GHPA patients were significantly lower and free T4 (FT4) and free T3 levels were higher than those in NFPA patients. One-fourth of GHPA patients had normal FT4 levels and low TSH levels. In addition, serum FT4 levels and serum TSH levels were positively and negatively correlated, respectively, with serum IGF-1 levels. Furthermore, IGF-1 levels in patients with GHPA decreased with age. Interpretation: 1) NFPA patients with CeH had TSH levels within a normal range. 2) GHPA patients were resistant to CeH, which may be a result of stimulated thyroid function by GH/IGF-1. 3) We found an age-dependent decrease in serum IGF-1 levels in a large cohort of GHPAs. Funding: JSPS KAKENHI Grants and Health and Labor Sciences Research Grants.
The Influence of Applying some Stimulating Agents and Humic Acid on Productivity and Quality of Cassava Plants under Loamy Sandy Soil

The effect of using some foliar spray stimulating agents (amino acids, potassium humate, micronutrients), as a spray application with humic acid and mineral fertilizers on yield and quality of Cassava plants (Indonesian, cv.) was studied. Moreover, the need for installation of drainage system was also investigated to maintain both soil salinity and water table in safe limits for plants. A field experiment was carried out at AlKassaseen Research Station – Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. The experiment was conducted during the two summer seasons 2017 and 2018. Mineral fertilizer was used as a recommended dose with or without humic acid and with or without foliar spray stimulating agents (amino acids, potassium humate, micro-nutrients). The experiment included eight treatments. The obtained results indicated that the maximum productivity of Cassava tubers was observed with mineral fertilizer with humic acid and stimulating agents compared to control. Total yield of tuber fresh weights and dry matter % of Cassava had the following decreasing order:MHP > MHA> MHN >MP >MH> MN > MA > M. Moreover, a pronounced increase in tubers quality with (dry matter, starch, total sugar, crud protein and vitamin C) and nutrient contents (N, K, P, Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu) of Cassava tubers was noticed with the application of foliar stimulating agents under mineral fertilizer with humic acid compared to control.The results showed also a decrease in soil salinity compared with the control (M) for different treatments of the study after harvesting Cassava according to the following order :MH > MHA or MHP > MHN >MP >MA >MN. The recommended calculated drain spacing in this area according to measured field data is 100 m spacing between drains and the recommended drain depth is 1.2 m.
The State of Smart Cities in China: The Case of Shenzhen

China is at the midpoint of its urbanisation—the largest scale in human history. The recent smart city movement is influencing the discourse and practice of China’s urbanisation, with numerous cities claiming to build smart cities and/or adopting some forms of smart city strategies and initiatives. A so-called ‘latecomer’s advantage’ is being exploited to advance their pursuit for a smart city status, not only to catch up with overseas counterparts, but to overtake them and become international leaders. This local-level enthusiasm strikes a chord with the central government’s strategy of building an ‘innovative nation’ to drive its economic transformation towards a knowledge economy. This converging central-local interest is creating a ‘smart city mania’ across the nation, which, however, has not received due attention in the international literature, and thus deserves critical examination and reflection to inform policy debates. To address this gap, this study investigates the state of smart cities in China, based on a case study of Shenzhen, China’s fastest-growing, experimental city. Shenzhen grew from a fishing village into an international metropolis in 40 years, and has now won a nickname of ‘China’s Silicon Valley’ or ‘China’s smartest city’. This study analyses the state of Chinese smart cities and the pursuit for a smart Shenzhen from the perspectives of the smart city as a concept, as an urban development paradigm, and as an urban regime, drawing upon the international smart city literature. It concludes that a technology-centric approach to smart cities in China, as illustrated by the Shenzhen case, have advanced innovation capacity and economic growth through capitalising on a ‘latecomer’s advantage’. However, this ‘latecomer’s advantage’ may translate into a ‘latecomer’s disadvantage’ for this approach’s lack of institutional adaptation, and for its insufficient attention to social and environmental problems covered under the shiny economic boom. This latecomer’s disadvantage is likely to impact the long-term sustainability of Chinese cities.
‘More than Just a Number’: Meeting the Needs of Those with Mental Illness, Learning Difficulties and Speech and Language Difficulties in the Criminal Justice System

In the criminal justice system in Northern Ireland, as elsewhere, there are recurrent concerns about the impact of mental illness, learning difficulties, and speech and language difficulties on individuals subject to probation and within custodial environments. This commissioned study, the first of its kind in Northern Ireland, examined the salience of these issues through an in-depth qualitative approach with 20 adult male respondents with experience of these issues in the criminal justice system. The findings highlighted the dangers of objectification and the respondents’ need to be treated as ‘more than just a number’ through the adoption of a person-centred perspective that recognised their inherent worth. Axel Honneth’s (1995) recognition theory was used to analyse this central recurring theme and to articulate a tentative conceptual framework to guide professionals working with vulnerable individuals in this field.
Development and testing of the relationship model of basic psychological needs on the meaning of life through the mediating roles of the psychological capital and human values

Introduction: Â People have always been seeking inner peace to satisfy basic psychological needs and find new meaning for their suffering. In this way, protection of the human values â��â��has been prioritized with the help of psychological capitals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the basic psychological needs on the meaning in life through the mediating roles of the psychological capital and human values. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study consisted of all nurses working in hospitals in Kermanshah (2017) that 500 individuals were selected as the sample using multi-stage cluster sampling method. Deci and Ryan Scale of Psychological Needs (2000), Luthanâ��sÂ Psychological Capital Questionnaire (2007), Schwarzâ��s Scale of Human Values (1994) and Steger et al. Meaning in life Questionnaire (2006) were used as the measuring tools. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling was used Results:The findings indicated that in general, the hypothesized model was fitted with the data, and the direct effects of basic psychological needs, psychological capital, and human values â��â��on the meaning in life were significant. Also, psychological capital had a direct and significant effect on human values. In addition, the indirect and significant effects of basic psychological needs on human values â��â��and psychological capital on the meaning in life were confirmed (P<0.01). Conclusion: Based on the results, the basic psychological needs, human values and psychological capitals can largely predict the meaning of life in the nurses. Further, by improving these three variables, we can increase the meaning of life in these cases. Â
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF MICROTETRAMERES SPIRALIS (NEMATODA, FAMILY TETRAMERIDAE) PARASITISING CATTLE EGRET “ARDEOLA IBIS IBIS” IN EGYPT

Microtetrameres spiralis is one of the common spirurid parasites recovered from the cattle egret “Ardeola ibis ibis”. No data was available on its ultrastructural characteristics with scanning electron microscopy. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate, in details, the characteristic features of M. spiralis in cattle egret using both the light and scanning electron microscopies. The results revealed that nine out of seventeen Ardeola ibis ibis (53%) were infected with M. spiralis. Female worms were deeply embedded in proventriculus wall; their bodies were twisted in longitudinal tight spiral forming 2-3 turns. Males move in lumen; sometimes they were lodged on lining. They have filiform cylindrical shape. Male possesses two unequal and dissimilar spicules. The buccal capsule is well-chitinized, thick-walled, flask-shaped in females, but tubular in males. The vulva lies at the posterior third of the body. Cuticle was sharp transverse annulated along whole length of the body without alae or spines. Each pseudolabium has inner and outer edges; the outer edge has wavy-shaped, triple swollen processes. The depressed part that located between the two edges of each pseudolabium contained three corrugated, flower-shaped processes. The anterior annulations are ridged and have numerous pointed triangular processes. A single raised corrugated papilla appeared. Button-like structures are distributed on longitudinal striations. An oval striated, papilla-shaped structure is elevated with coiled, rod-shaped projection. The trans­verse annulations over the mid-portion of the female’s body have wavy margins.
Effect of Distilled Water and Kerosene as Dielectrics on Machining Rate and Surface Morphology of Al-6061 During Electric Discharge Machining

Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is widely used for manufacturing complex metal parts. The machining parameters like dielectric fluid, electrode material, current, voltage and pulse rate during EDM are controlled to obtain desired Material Removal Rate (MRR) and it also affects the surface morphology of manufactured components. In this research, effect of changing machining parameters, dielectric fluid (distilled water and kerosene) and electrode materials (copper and graphite) on surface morphology of Al 6061 T6 alloy during EDM is investigated. It is observed that the distilled water reacts with the molten aluminum and produces deep pits / voids on the surface due to liberation of hydrogen gas. A micro crack network is seen radiating from the edge of these pits. It is believed that the very high thermal conductivity of distilled water is responsible for the micro crack network and reduced material removal rate when compared with non-reactive kerosene oil.
THE QUALITY OF APPLE NURSERY TREES OF KNIP-BOOM TYPE AS AFFECTED BY THE METHODS OF PROPAGATION

One of the requirements for early and profitable fruit cropping is the quality of trees used for orchard establishment. Nursery tree quality is influenced by many factors, among which the method of tree propagation plays an important role. In these experi- ments, the knip-boom (KB) trees produced in the 3-year cycle, from either sleeping buds (B) or bench-grafts (G), were compared in terms of tree quality parameters. B-trees out- performed G-trees in trunk diameter, total shoot extension, and in the number of shoots > 10 cm. No significant differences were found in such features as tree height, apical domi- nance and the percent of the number of shoots suitable for tree training. Studies on spatial configuration of lateral shoots and their length did not show any essential differences in the shape of canopy between both tree types. However, lateral shoots of B-trees were sig- nificantly longer than those of G-trees. Linear correlations between different quality char- acteristics in both types of trees demonstrated greater strength of either positive or nega- tive correlations in G-compared with B-trees. We have not found any essential differences between B- and G-trees in nursery tree performance; therefore for a full evaluation of the trees produced by either method of propagation should be based on the analysis of nursery production economics and orchard performance of the trees (B and G) used.