Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response of Selected Tree Species to Sodium Chloride1

Six tree species were subjected to 0, 2000, 4500, and 7000 ppm NaCl in a hydroponics system. Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) and American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) showed the most foliar injury, followed by pin oak (Quercus palustris Muenchh.), honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.), eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), and Japanese pagoda tree (Sophora japonica L.). Height growth and dry weight increase of sycamore and dogwood, and dry weight of eastern white pine were significantly reduced by salt treatment. Dry weights of pin oak, Japanese pagoda tree, and honeylocust were unaffected. Chloride generally accumulated in higher concentrations in the leaves than in the stems, whereas Na showed the opposite pattern. Concentration of Cl in the stem was better correlated with species’ sensitivity to salt than were Cl and Na in the leaves, or Na in the stem. Although stem concentrations of N, P, Mn, Fe, B, and Zn did not change significantly with salt treatment in any of the 6 species, leaf concentrations of all of these elements did change significantly in one or more species. Manganese and Cu increased with salt in the leaves or stems of several sensitive species, but stayed stable in the tolerant species. Frequency of changes in concentrations of essential elements in response to salt occurred as often in the salt-tolerant as in the salt-sensitive species.
Electrical conductivity of soybean soaked seeds. I. Effect of genotype

During the period from October/92 to September/94 experiments were carried out at the Seed Laboratory, FCA/UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, using soybean seeds of different genotypes in order to evaluate the effect of genotype on the electrical conductivity (bulk conductivity) of soaked seeds. Seed moisture content (105=3C, 24h), standard germination (four 50-seed samples, paper towel, 30C), and vigor-accelerated aging (42C,48h) were first detemined. Undamaged soybean seeds were soaked in deionized water (four 50-seed samples, 75 ml,25C,24h) and electrical conductivity (umhos.cm-1.g1) was measured. Significant differences in conductivity were observed among genotypes having the same pattern of germination and vigor. The results have showed that electrical onductivity can be significantly influenced by genotype.
A Review of the Systematics and a Proposed Scheme of Internal Classification of the New World Subgenus Melanoconion of Culex (Diptera, Culicidae)

Abstract : This review of the New World subgenus Melanoconion of Culex includes taxonomic history, previous schemes of internal classification, revised subgeneric characters, summaries of bionomics, medical importance and distribution, discussions of included species, diagnostic features for separating Melanoconion from other related subgenera of Culex, its affinities and phylogenetic relationships. The taxonomic characters used are discussed and figured, followed by a detailed outline of the proposed scheme of internal classification, keys to sections, groups and/or subgroups and definitions of sections. A conspectus of taxonomic changes, including 2 transferred taxa, 10 provisionally rejected names and 5 new synonyms, is appended. Based on the study of types and/or available topotypic material, the male genitalia of 6 valid species are figured : phlabistus, saramaccensis, creole, pifanoi, idottus and ernsti.
Effect of triticale as a partial or complete wheat and maize substitute in broiler chicken diets on growth performance, slaughter value and meat quality.

the effect of triticale as a replacement for wheat or maize in feed mixtures for broiler chickens or as the only grain on productivity, slaughter results, and physico-chemical and organoleptic characteristics of meat was studied. The use of triticale in the diets for broilers decreased (P≤0.05; P≤0.01) their body weight (by 4% when used as a wheat substitute and by 8% when used instead of maize or as the only grain) and reduced feed conversion per kg of live weight gain (by 8 and 14%, respectively). The type of grain had no significant effect (P>0.05) on dressing percentage and carcass muscularity. the meat of chickens fed diets containing triticale or triticale and maize was characterized by similar taste properties to the meat of control chickens, but combined feeding of triticale and wheat had an adverse effect on the taste of meat. feeding triticale alone or in combination with wheat significantly (P≤0.05) improved the profile of fatty acids in breast muscle lipids in a way that provides health benefits. key words: triticale, rearing performance, slaughter value, meat quality, broiler chicken Maize and wheat are mainly used in production of feed mixtures for broilers, but their content in diets should be reduced for economic reasons (Korver et al., 2004; Józefiak et al., 2007; Zarghi and Golian, 2009). Triticale is a grain that competes with other species in terms of lower soil requirements and high yielding potential and nutritive value, which are comparable to wheat (Nutritional Recommendations, 2005). Triticale, however, was not a popular component of mixtures for broiler chickens because it has the most changeable chemical composition of all grains and contains antinutritional factors (Pourreza et al., 2007). Studies on the possibility of using triticale in broiler chicken diets were carried out in the 1980s and 1990s (Koreleski and Ryś, 1987; Proudfoot and Hulan, 1988; Klocek and Adamczyk, 1994; Śliwiński et al., 1998), but they generally concentrated on the estimation of rearing performance and showed decreased live weight gain and increased feed conversion
Performance assessment and change in the academic profession in Portugal

The introduction of a performance assessment model based upon the measurement of merit through explicit, standardized, and objective criteria of productivity has provoked significant changes in the academic profession within the public higher education in Portugal. Given that employment security was made contingent upon obtaining adequate positive scores and promotion upon achieving maximum scores, a new institutional culture framed by precariousness and competition seems to have emerged. Moreover, as a consequence of austerity and with it the freezing of the pay awards associated with a promotion, the positive effects of excellent performance have been suppressed, while punitive measures for inadequate performance have been maintained. Based on ongoing qualitative research consisting of analysis of union position statements, interviews with union representatives, and interviews with academic staff of a Portuguese higher education institution, this article advances the hypothesis that evolution has taken place from resistance to routinization and acceptance of assessment procedures.
Analysis and comparison of the γ-oryzanol content based on phylogenetic groups in Korean landraces of rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Brown rice contains beneficial phytonutrients such as antioxidants, anthocyanins and oryzanol, and oryzanol is one of the major components. However, the information of oryzanol contents and genetic data are limited in Korean rice landraces to use the genetic resources. This study was conducted to investigate varietal differences of the oryzanol content and analyze the genetic diversity using SSR marker about 196 Korean rice landraces. Among tested germplasm, the total γ -oryzanol values showed the high variation ranged from 9.8 to 55.9 mg 100g -1 and an average content value was 27.2 mg 100g -1 . Particularly, IT007903, IT007714, IT006622 and IT006125 accessions were showed γ -oryzanol contents higher than 50mg 100g -1 . The 24-methylene cycloartenyl ferulate was the most prevalent with an average value of 29.9% among the total γ -oryzanol components, and followed by cycloartenyl ferulate (26.7%). Genetic diversity among 196 landrace accessions was evaluated based on 46 SSR markers carrying total 396 alleles. The mean values of observed (H O ) and expected heterozygosities (H E ) were 0.009 and 0.497, respectively, indicating a considerable amount of polymorphism within this collection. A genetic distance-based phylogeny grouped into seven clusters with genetic distance (GD) value was 0.6. According to the phylogenetic analysis, roughly 7 clusters were divergent, and the γ -oryzanol content values showed statistical differences by the four groups ( P <0.001). These traits of the selected accession would be helped broadening for parent materials selection to improve the γ -oryzanol content through the rice breeding.
A review of the Neotropical genera Amalophyllon , Niphaea , and Phinaea (Gesneriaceae - Gloxinieae)

Previous molecular and morphological studies have revealed that the genus Phinaea (Gesneriaceae-Gloxinieae) as circumscribed until now is polyphyletic. On the basis of these studies Phinaea s.s. is restricted to three species. Amalophyllon , originally described in Scrophulariaceae, is here recognized as a member of Gesneriaceae and as the first available generic name for the majority of the species previously included in Phinaea. An emended description of Amalophyllon is provided and the frequently confused genera Amalophyllon, Phinaea , and Niphaea are contrasted and the differences between them clarified. Eight species are transferred to Amalophyllon: A. albiflorum, A. caripense, A. divaricatum, A. laceratum, A. macrophyllum, A. repens, A. roezlii , and A. rubidum. Lectotypes are designated for two names, Niphaea parviflora and Napeanthus repens. Three new species, Amalophyllon clarkii, A. macrophylloides, and Niphaea pumila, are described. A key to the genera and species and lists of the currently known taxa for all three genera are provided.
The Effect of Exchange Rate on Imports and Exports in Nigeria from January 1996 to June 2015

This study examines the effect of exchange rates on imports and exports in Nigeria using monthly data from 1996 - 2015. A three variable vector auto regression (VAR) consisting of imports, exports and exchange rates (US dollar to Naira) is considered to examine the effect of exchange rate on imports and exports in Nigeria. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test is used to test the stationarity of each of the variables. There are two lagged values of each variable. VAR lag order selection discloses that the lag of order 2 is sufficient for the model based on Schwarz information criterion (SIC). The VAR result shows that exchange rates have a positive and insignificant effect on imports while it has a negative and insignificant effect on exports at lag 1 but positive and insignificant effect at lag 2. Exports were also found to affect exchange rates negatively while imports affect exchange rates positively. The above result thus shows that exchange rate in Nigeria is not affected by the activities of imports and exports. Neither does an exchange rate affect the volume of imports and exports in Nigeria. Contrary to economic theory that a fall in the exchange rate will cause imports to fall, imports in Nigeria has been on the increase irrespective of the exchange rates. The result of the impulse response function shows that exchange rates responded positively to imports and negatively to exports. This study therefore recommend the following: Exportation in Nigeria particularly in the non-oil sector should be encouraged through entrepreneurial development. The high level of imports mainly consumer goods can be discouraged by improvement in local production so that they can be competing with the foreign goods. Only goods with high proportion of necessities e.g. raw material goods should be imported. Policy measures towards the stabilization of the exchange rates are highly recommended so that level of imports can be controlled and exports encouraged. Exports capacity should be enhanced through acquisition of improved technology and means of production; this will in turn further reduce the demand for imports. Deliberate policies targeted at diversifying foreign earnings should be introduced. Going by the results of this study, the Central Bank of Nigeria is advised not to devalue the naira due to its insignificant effect/impact on export in Nigeria.
Wheat production and utilization: systems, quality and the environment

An introduction to the utilization, development and production of wheat grain characters influencing utilization genotypic effects on grain quality - species and varieties the crop environment and grain quality - weather and soils crop establishment crop nutrition and fertilizer use biology and control of disease, weeds and pests - effects on grain yield and quality post-harvest management of grain wheat vegetation as forage ethanol, starch and gluten production.
Sampling strategies for radio-tracking coyotes

Ten coyotes radio-tracked for 24 h periods were most active at night and moved little during daylight hours. Home-range size determined from radio-locations of 3 adult coyotes increased with the number of locations until an asymptote was reached at about 35-40 independent day locations or 3-6 nights of hourly radio-locations. Activity of the coyote did not affect the asymptotic nature of the home-range calculations, but home-range sizes determined from more than 3 nights of hourly locations were considerably larger than home-range sizes determined from daylight locations. Coyote home-range sizes were calculated from daylight locations, fullnight tracking periods, and half-night tracking periods. Fulland half-night sampling strategies involved obtaining hourly radio-locations during 12 and 6 h periods, respectively. The half-night sampling strategy was the best compromise for our needs, as it adequately indexed the homerange size, reduced time and energy spent, and standardized the area calculation without requiring the researcher to become completely nocturnal. Night tracking also provided information about coyote activity and sociability. Radio-telemetry is now a common way to study coyote movements (Andelt and Gipson 1979, Berg and Chesness 1978, Gipson and Sealander 1972, Litvaitis and Shaw 1980). Although 24 h monitoring of radio-collared coyotes has been used to determine activity and daily movements (Andelt and Gipson 1979, Litvaitis and Shaw 1980), no one has compared the advantages and limitations of calculating coyote home-range size based on radiolocations obtained during the coyote's active and inactive periods. Our purpose was to compare coyote home-range sizes based on different sample sizes and different sampling strategies. A good sampling strategy should: (1) define a large proportion of the actual area used, (2) minimize the length of the observation period, (3) maximize the research efficiency, and (4) standardize the area calculations. For radiotracking coyotes, we propose 2 sampling strategies that have advantages over designs commonly used in the past. Critics of animal movement studies have emphasized the lack of biological interpretation of the size and shape of a species' home range (e.g. Sanderson 1966). This lack of interpretation and the inability to correlate home-range size with biological and ecological factors may be due to inconsistent methodology. Failure to standardize the number and frequency of observations (or radio-locations) and the observation period results in methodological variation. Moreover, pooling locations over a long time period to obtain "adequate sample sizes" eliminates sensitivity to changes in area use over time. Heezen and Tester (1967) concluded that only the mininum number of locations needed to calculate a home-range size should be used in order to increase research efficiency. They also noted that
Zeylanicobdella arugamensis (Hirudinida, Piscicolidae), a Leech Infesting Brackish-water Fishes, New to Japan

Specimens of the piscicolid leech Zeylanicobdella arugamensis de Silva, 1963 were collected from Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus in a brackish-water inlet of Okinawa-jima Island, Okinawa Prefecture, southern Japan in May 2008. This finding represents the first record of Z. arugamensis in Japan and extends its geographic range from the Philippines north into southern Japan. The external morphology of the specimens is described. A literature review of the hosts, geographic distribution, and pathogenicity of the species reveals that it is not host-specific to teleosts and widely occurs in tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-West Pacific region and that it is an important pathogenic parasite in finfish mariculture in the region.
Evolutionary and ecological implications of genome size in the North Americanendemic sagebrushes (subgenus Tridentatae, Artemisia, Asteraceae)

The genome size of 51 populations of 20 species of the North American endemic sagebrushes (subgenus Triden- tatae), related species, and some hybrid taxa were assessed by flow cytometry, and were analysed in a phylogenetic framework. Results were similar for most Tridentatae species, with the exception of three taxonomically conflictive species: Artemisia bigelovii Gray, Artemisia pygmaea Gray, and Artemisia rigida Gray. Genome size homogeneity (together with the high morphological, chemical, and karyological affinities, as well as low DNA sequence divergence) could support a recent diversification process in this geographically restricted group, thought to be built upon a reticulate evolutionary framework. The Tridentatae and the other North American endemic Artemisia show a significantly higher genome size compared with the other subgenera. Our comparative analyses including genome size results, together with different kinds of ecological and morphological traits, suggest an evolutionary change in lifestyle strategy linked to genome expansion, in which junk or selfish DNA accumulation might be involved. Conversely, weed or invasive behaviour in Artemisia is coupled with lower genome sizes. Data for both homoploid and polyploid hybrids were also assessed. Genome sizes are close to the expected mean of parental species for homoploid hybrids, but are lower than expected in the allopolyploids, a phenomenon previously documented to be related with polyploidy. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 94, 631-649.
Foraging behavior of the carpenter ant, Camponotus pennsylvanicus, (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in New Jersey.

Camponotus pennsylvanicus showed a diel foraging periodicity during summer, but patterns changed monthly. Predic tive models of foraging intensity were generated through multiple linear regression incorporating environmental parameters. Smaller workers guarded aphid colonies, while larger foragers worked on the ground and in trees. Carbohydrate content of the various work er groups varied greatly. Average carbohydrate content of an in dividual ant was 52 ? tg for aphid guardians, 381 pig for tree foragers, and 485 fig for ground foragers. 13% of the forager force carried in excess of 1000 /jug of carbohydrate, and probably serve to trans port collected honey dew to the nest. Mark-recapture experiments indicated a high degree of task fidelity for those workers guarding aphids (x = 86%) and those foraging on the ground (x = 78%). Of the Neartic carpenter ants, Camponotus pennsylvanicus (De Geer) is one of the most widespread species in eastern North America. It is the commonest carpenter ant in central and northern New Jersey. Despite its economic importance, relatively little work has been done on its ecology or behavior since Pricer's (1908) publication on its biology. Sanders (1964, 1970, 1972) briefly mentions C. pennsylvanicus in his studies on the ecology of Canadian carpenter ants. Hartwick et al. (1977) and Traniello (1977) have examined the role of trail pheromones in worker orientation and recruit ment. In this paper we report on the results of experiments to examine the role of microenvironment on foraging intensity, and forager specialization and constancy of C. pennsylvanicus in New Jersey. Materials and Methods To assess foraging patterns and the effects of environment on these pat terns, we selected 3 colonies of C. pennsylvanicus for detailed study. Col ony 1 was located in an American basswood, Tilia americana Linnaeus 1 Paper of the Journal Series, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Rutgers-The State University. Received for publication 14 March 1979. This content downloaded from 207.46. 13.149 on Mon, 03 Oct 2016 06:08:58 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms 296 JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY (1.01 m d.b.h.), while colonies 2 and 3 were located in oaks, Quercus ve lutina Lamark (27 and 50 cm d.b.h. respectively). Our sampling program consisted of dividing each day into 4 equal periods (0000-0559 hr, 060
Trophic ecology of parabiotic ants: Do the partners have similar food niches?

Organisms associated with another species may experience both costs and benefits from their partner. One of these costs is competition, which is the more likely if the two species are ecologically similar. Parabioses are associations between two ant species that share a nest and often attend the same food sources. Albeit parabioses are probably mutualistic, parabiotic partners may compete for food. We therefore investigated feeding niches and dietary overlap of two parabiotically associated ants in Borneo using cafeteria experiments and stable isotope analyses. The two species strongly differed in their food choices. While Crematogaster modiglianii mostly foraged at carbohydrate-rich baits, Camponotus rufifemur preferred urea-rich sources. Both species also consumed animal protein. The 15 N concentration in Ca. rufifemur workers was consistently lower than in Cr. modiglianii. Camponotus rufifemur but not Cr. modiglianii possesses microbial endosymbionts, which can metabolize urea and synthesize essential amino acids. Its lower 15 N signature may result from a relatively higher intake of plant-based or otherwise 15 N-depleted nitrogen. Isotopic signatures of the two partners in the same parabiosis showed strongly parallel variation across nests. As we did not find evidence for spatial autocorrelation, this correlation suggests an overlap of food sources between the two ant species. Based on model simulations, we estimated a diet overlap of 22-66% for nitrogen sources and 45-74% for carbon sources. The overlap may arise from either joint exploitation of the same food sources or trophallactic exchange of food. This suggests an intense trophic interaction and potential for competition between the parabiotic partners.
Mechanisms underlying inhibition of muscle disuse atrophy during aestivation in the green-striped burrowing frog, Cyclorana alboguttata

II Declaration by Author . V Publications During Candidature . VI Publications Included in this Thesis . VII Contributions by Others to the Thesis . VIII Statement of Parts of the Thesis Submitted to Qualify for the Award of Another Degree . VIII Acknowledgements . IX