Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long‐term compositional variation in solar corpuscular radiation: Evidence from nitrogen isotopes in the lunar regolith

Implantation of solar corpuscular radiation into the lunar surface generates a population of solar atoms in the rims of lunar regolith grains. Laboratory analysis of those atoms can yield a measure of solar composition. Nitrogen trapped in the lunar regolith consists of at least two components, putatively originating in the Sun, differing in release temperature and therefore probably in implantation energy. The higher-energy component is depleted in 15N relative to the lower-energy component by amounts that range up to at least 20%. These components superficially resemble those identified previously in the solar-derived light noble gases, though with several marked differences. Thus the higher-energy noble gas components are depleted in the lighter isotope. Unlike the noble gas case, the 15N/14N ratios of both N components vary with antiquity in a complex fashion; the lower-energy component echoes the variations in the higher-energy component which dominate the isotopic evolution of the bulk samples. The magnitude of the bulk sample variation exceeds 30%; the higher-energy component varies by at least 25%. The bulk long-term trend in 15N/14N does not result from variations in mixing ratio of the two components. Both the compositional difference between the components and the long-term variations within them apparently originate in the Sun, though this conclusion is inconsistent with current understanding of solar structure and evolution. The nitrogen isotopic record therefore appears to represent a major challenge to solar physics.
Towards Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Implementation: A Case Study

This statement can be accurately applied to our current school setting and was the focus of our case study, commenced in 2004 and continued into 2005. The study was undertaken as part of a Masters degree in e-Learning at University of Technology, Sydney, Australia. It examined the steps taken and the challenges faced by a team of researchers, two geography teachers and, myself, the Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) Co-ordinator at our school. My interest in the project arose from a concern that in my experience, technology is poorly integrated into school programmes. Teachers make decisions based on their own limited experiences and technologically complex learning applications such as GIS are not provided to students. I was interested in establishing a support model for teachers, allowing student access to such learning. All members of the research team were new to GIS and had two clear aims. First, to implement a GIS program within the Geography curriculum. Second, to leave a footprint to assist other educators. Our school belongs to a network of independent schools in New South Wales. While the main body of our research was carried out in-house, we surveyed Geography teachers and ICT Coordinators within this network in order to assist us in validating our findings.
The Risk of Murky Trade Protectionism in an Interconnected and Uncertain Global Economy

This paper is neither about free trade nor protectionism. It is about the point where the two may converge. One distinctive aspect of rising protectionism over the last decade is that it is occurring against a backdrop of increased global interconnectivity. Over the past three decades, countries around the world have become more integrated through preferential trade agreements (PTAs) and global value chains (GVCs), while simultaneously erecting new trade barriers. What explains these contradictory trajectories? The literature on the political economy of trade protectionism readily shows that PTAs promote trade interdependences; it also offers compelling arguments about the circumstances under which governments are prompted to protect their economies. However, we have little evidence on how these two trajectories are occurring at once. This paper offers new evidence that institutional mechanisms like PTAs, which for decades have fueled the diffusion of trade liberalization, can also become channels for the spread of less-transparent protectionism (e.g., Non–Tariff Measures).
Bromodomain and Extraterminal Inhibition by JQ1 Produces Bromodomain and Extraterminal Inhibition by JQ1 Produces Divergent Transcriptional Regulation of Suppressors of Cytokine Divergent Transcriptional Regulation of Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling Genes in Adipocytes Signaling Genes in Adipocyte

The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway has cell-specific functions. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are negative-feedback regulators of JAK-STAT signaling. STAT5 plays a significant role in adipocyte development and function, and bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins may be involved in STAT5 transcriptional activity. We treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes with the BET inhibitor JQ1 and observed that growth hormone (GH)-induced expression of 2 STAT5 target genes from the SOCS family, Socs3 and Cish , were inversely regulated (increased and decreased, respectively) by BET inhibition. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that changes in STAT5 binding did not correlate with gene expression changes. GH promoted the recruitment of the BET protein BRD2 to the Cish , but not Socs3, promoter. JQ1 treatment ablated this effect as well as the GH-induced binding of ribonucleic acid polymerase II (RNA Pol II) to the Cish transcription start site. BRD2 knockdown also suppressed GH induction of Cish , further supporting the role of BRD2 in Cish transcriptional activation. In contrast, JQ1 increased the binding of activated Pol II to the Socs3 coding region, suggesting enhanced messenger RNA (mRNA) elongation. Our finding that JQ1 transiently reduced the interaction between the positive transcription elongation factor (P-TEFb) and its inhibitor hexamethylene bis-acetamide inducible 1 (HEXIM1) is consistent with a previously described off-target effect of JQ1, whereby P-TEFb becomes more available to be recruited by genes that do not depend on BET proteins for activating transcription. These results demonstrate substantially different transcriptional regulation of Socs3 and Cish and suggest distinct roles in adipocytes for these 2 closely related proteins. ( Endocrinology 161: 1–15, 2020)
MDM2 promotor polymorphism and disease characteristics in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

A number of single nucleotide polymorphisms have been associated with disease predisposition in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the MDM2 promotor region, MDM2SNP309, was shown to soothe the p53 pathway. In the current study, we aimed to clarify the effect of the MDM2SNP309 on chronic lymphocytic leukemia characteristics and outcome. We performed a meta-analysis of data from 2598 individual patients from 10 different cohorts. Patients' data and genetic analysis for MDM2SNP309 genotype, immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region mutation status and fluorescence in situ hybridization results were collected. There were no differences in overall survival based on the polymorphism (log rank test, stratified by study cohort; P =0.76; GG genotype: cohort-adjusted median overall survival of 151 months; TG: 153 months; TT: 149 months). In a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, advanced age, male sex and unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region genes were associated with inferior survival, but not the MDM2 genotype. The MDM2SNP309 is unlikely to influence disease characteristics and prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Studies investigating the impact of individual single nucleotide polymorphisms on prognosis are often controversial. This may be due to selec-tion bias and small sample size. A meta-analysis based on individual patient data provides a reasonable strategy for prognostic factor analyses in the case of small individual studies. Individual patient data-based meta-analysis can, therefore, be a powerful tool to assess genetic risk factors in the absence of large studies. ABSTRACT
Patterns of Inter-Level Gender Gaps in Women’s Descriptive Representation

It is often assumed that women’s descriptive representation is higher at the local level than at the state or federal level. However, recent studies challenge this perceived pattern. Therefore, several alternative patterns of inter-level gender gaps in female representation across political levels are systematically introduced. Zooming in on the state-local gender gap, a number of explanations as to why such a gender gap can emerge are hypothesized. And the case of the U.S. is used to illustrate how women sometimes fare relatively better at state than local election.
The Impact of the Firstborn Gender on Family Formation and Dissolution: Evidence from Russia

In this paper, I obtain three ﬁndings regarding the impact of the ﬁrst-born child’s gender on family stability. First, couples who have a ﬁrst-born daughter aged 6-18 are more likely to divorce than those who have a son of that age. Second, single mothers with ﬁrst-born daughters are less likely to marry. Third, couples who have a ﬁrst-born daughter aged 0-5 are less likely to divorce than those who have a son of that age. The ﬁrst two ﬁndings are in accord with ﬁndings in the literature. The third ﬁnding is speciﬁc to the Russian context. My analysis is based on the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE) data for the 1994-2018 period. I estimate complementary log-log (cloglog) regressions of divorce and marriage (for single mothers) on ﬁrstborn gender, age, and a set of household socio-demographic characteristics. My ﬁndings support the conclusion that the impact of children’s gender on family living arrangements depends on family socioeconomic conditions and thus has a diﬀerent character and magnitude in diﬀerent contexts.
Utilizing model interoperability and spatial cloud computing to enable the computability of dust storm forecasting

UTILIZING MODEL INTEROPERABILITY AND SPATIAL CLOUD COMPUTING TO ENABLE THE COMPUTABILITY OF DUST STORM FORECASTING Qunying Huang, MS George Mason University, 2011 Dissertation Director: Chaowei Yang Both environmental and human challenges, such as deforestation and desertification, require scientifically sound simulations of physical phenomena to better understand the past and to better predict future trends for improved decision support. However, many scientific problems cannot be processed using a single computer and require computing capability from many distributed computers. The problems should be solved by interdisciplinary efforts instead of by a single science community. Using dust storm forecasting as a case study, I investigate how interoperability technologies can facilitate data access service, model input integration, model coupling, and output utilization and dissemination. Additionally, the research will explore how to utilize spatiotemporal patterns of phenomena, models and computing resources to improve the performance of dust storm forecasting. Finally, I adopt and optimize cloud computing platforms through spatiotemporal patterns to enable the computability of dust storm forecasting over a large area with high resolution to support geospatial decision-making. This research eventually reduce the execution time and communication for two heterogeneous models, Eta-8bin
Re-investigating the Efficient Transfer Learning of Speech Foundation Model using Feature Fusion Methods

Speech foundation models, pre-trained on large amounts of un-supervised or supervised audio data, have demonstrated an impressive ability to transfer their learning to speciﬁc domains for speech recognition. Parameter-efﬁcient ﬁne-tuning methods offer an efﬁcient paradigm where a small set of parameters are updated to adapt the foundation model to new tasks. However, it is unclear how the intermediate features of the foundation model behave, and how to utilize them in a more efﬁcient way. In this paper, we compare the performance of three speech foundation models for speech recognition. We re-investigate how features from different layers behave and propose a simple and effective feature fusion method for efﬁcient transfer learning. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method uses 31 . 7% fewer trainable encoder parameters, 13 . 4% less computational memory cost than compared method, and does not compromise quality on the target task.
Productivity, Welfare and Reallocation: Theory and Firm-Level Evidence

A considerable literature has focused on the determinants of total factor productivity (TFP), prompted by the empirical finding that TFP accounts for the bulk of long-term growth. This paper offers a deeper reason for such focus: the welfare of a representative consumer is summarized by current and anticipated future Solow productivity residuals. The equivalence holds for any specification of technology and market structure, as long as the representative household maximizes utility while taking prices parametrically. This result justifies total factor productivity as the right summary measure of welfare, even in situations where it does not properly measure technology, and makes it possible to calculate the contributions of disaggregated units (industries or firms) to aggregate welfare using readily available data. Based on this finding, the authors compute firm and industry contributions to welfare for a set of European countries (Belgium, France, Great Britain, Italy, Spain) using industry-level and firm-level data. With additional assumptions about technology and market structure (specifically, that firms minimize costs and face common factor prices), the authors show that welfare change can be further decomposed into three components that reflect, respectively, technical change, aggregate distortions, and allocative efficiency. Then, using the appropriate firm-level data, they assess the importance of each of these components as sources of welfare improvement in the same set of European countries.
Lime Stabilization of Soils Underlying a Salt Evaporation Pond: A Laboratory Study

The purpose of this article is to investigate a possible use of lime for the stabilization of base soils underlying salt evaporation ponds in Çamaltı Solar Marine Salt Plant. The plant is located on the old Gediz River Delta, on the north shore of the Izmir Bay-Turkey, where alluvial deltaic soft marine sediments constitute the local soil condition. The low bearing capacity of the pond base soils results in some problems on the mechanical harvest of the solar salt. Therefore, stabilization was taken into consideration for improving the productivity of the salt plant. For this purpose, bench-scale laboratory tests were performed on the specimens that had been sampled from the bases of the salt evaporation pond to investigate the influence of lime on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of these marine sediments. By interpreting the pH test results and consistency limits of the lime stabilized soils, optimum lime content was determined as 8%. The verification of the long-term pozzolanic reactions for the optimum lime content was conducted by performing UCS tests with up to six months curing periods, along with the microstructural analysis through X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Long-term tests revealed that the optimum lime content successfully sustained the required pozzolanic reactions, and a strength gain of 500% was achieved for a six-month curing period.
Reaction Time and Visual Memory in Connection to Alcohol Use In Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder

Purpose of the study was to explore the association of cognition with hazardous drinking, binge drinking and alcohol use disorder in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Cognitive deficits are common in schizophrenia. Alcohol might be associated with additional cognitive impairment in schizophrenia patients. The study population included 3362 schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients in Finland. Hazardous drinking was screened with the AUDIT-C (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test for Consumption) screening tool. Binge drinking was obtained from the AUDIT-C. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnoses were obtained from the national registrar data. Participants performed two computerized tasks from the Cambridge automated neuropsychological test battery (CANTAB) on tablet computer: the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), or, reaction time (RT) test and the Paired Associative Learning (PAL) test. Association of alcohol use with RT test and PAL test was analyzed with log-linear regression and logistic regression, respectively. After adjustment for age, education and age at first psychotic episode, hazardous drinking in females was associated with lower median RT. Compared to never binge drinkers, male and female participants drinking 6 or more doses of alcohol monthly or less had lower median RT. In the PAL test both first trial memory score (FTMS) and total errors adjusted score (TEAS) were associated with better performance in males drinking 6 or more doses of alcohol weekly or more and in females drinking 6 or more doses monthly or less. Higher PAL TEAS was associated with AUD in females Some positive associations between alcohol and cognition were found in male and female schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients with hazardous drinking and binge drinking.
Experimental Evaluation of Lateral-Load Resistance of Pile Caps

Although pile caps have considerable ability to resist lateral loads, this resistance is often neglected in design. Published cases involving a variety of pile and cap sizes, soil conditions, and loading conditions indicate that the lateral-load resistance of pile caps can be significant, but it is difficult to generalize on the basis of these results because of the variations in conditions involved in the tests. To develop a more systematic basis for evaluating cap resistance, a field test facility was constructed to perform full-scale lateral-load tests on single piles and pile groups, with the pile caps embedded in the stiff natural soil at the site and with the pile caps backfilled with granular soil. Thirty-one tests were conducted to evaluate the lateral-load resistance of pile caps by comparing the response of pile groups with caps fully embedded and with soil removed from around the caps. The results of the tests show that pile caps provide significant resistance to lateral load. This resistance depends primarily on the stiffness and strength of the soil in front of the cap and the depth of cap embedment.
Sustainability analysis for irrigation water management: concepts, methodology, and application to the Aral Sea region

Sustainable irrigation water management should simultaneously achieve two objectives: sustaining irrigated agriculture for food security and preserving the associated natural environment. A stable relationship should be maintained between these two objectives now and in the future, while potential conflicts between these objectives should be mitigated through appropriate irrigation practices. Lessons learned from unsustainable water management practices around the world demonstrate the necessity—and growing urgency—of applying sustainability principles to water management in river basins where irrigation is a major factor. This paper presents the operational concepts and analytical framework for sustainability analysis of irrigation water management in irrigation-dominated river basins. These are applied to the Aral Sea region in Central Asia, a region famous for its conflict between sustaining irrigated agriculture and preserving the environment. Maintaining current irrigation practices will lead to worsening environmental and economic consequences. Infrastructure improvements and changes in crop patterns will be necessary to sustain the irrigated agriculture and the associated environment in the region. A penalty tax on salt discharge, as an economic incentive, may help address environmental problems while having only a small effect on irrigation profit.
Case Studies on 2D- and 3D-Time Reverse Modeling of Low-frequency Microtremors - Application to Reservoir Localization

A fast and economically attractive procedure to detect hydrocarbon reservoirs is of main interest for the exploration and development of new oil or gas fields. Several studies at different oil and gas fields around the world have shown spectral anomalies with a high degree of correlation to the location and geometry of hydrocarbon reservoirs. It is reported that the narrow-band low frequency (1.5Hz-6Hz) tremor signals measured at the surface may originate from the reservoirs themselves. However, standard localization techniques fail to localize the signals for real data as one observes continuous tremors rather than single events. Time reverse modeling is a promising technique to reliably localize the so called hydrocarbon microtremors. We show with a numerical feasibility study and real data the potential of such an approach. By using a realistic geologic section we demonstrate with 2D- and 3D-Time reverse modeling that it is possible to localize the origin of tremor-signals.
Role of convective scale momentum transport in climate simulation

This paper studies the effect of convective-scale momentum transport in climate simulation using a comprehensive parameterization scheme. A unique feature of the scheme is the inclusion of the perturbation pressure field induced by convection and its effect on the cloud momentum transport. Through two experiments of seasonal simulations, it is shown that the perturbation pressure forcing on the cloud momentum transport accounts for a significant part of the total convective momentum source/sink, indicating that the cloud momentum field is substantially modulated by the convection-induced pressure field. The overall effect of convective momentum transport is to reduce the vertical wind shear in both the zonal and the meridional directions. The responses of the large-scale circulation to convective momentum transport is very significant. The zonally averaged zonal wind decreases by as much as 5 ms{sup {minus}1} in a broad area in the upper tropical troposphere and the midlatitudes of the winter hemisphere. The Hadley circulation becomes stronger as a result of the zonal momentum transport. In general, inclusion of convective momentum transport leads to a much better simulation of the wind fields in both the upper and the lower troposphere. The temperature and moisture changes as a result of the inclusion ofmore » convective momentum transport are also examined in this study. The tropical troposphere is warmer and more moist due to the enhanced Hadley circulation. However, considering the uncertainties of the climatological analyses, most of these thermodynamic changes only make marginal improvement to the simulation. 20 refs., 10 figs.« less