Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sustaining collaborative learning in a rurally located university classroom in South Africa: Conducive conditions and possible threats

This study investigated how collaborative learning, as a teaching and learning approach, can be enhanced to promote pre-service teachers' participation in university classrooms in rural areas of South Africa. The study aimed to identify the conducive conditions that support collaborative learning, as well as the threats that may hinder the implementation of collaborative learning in rural classrooms. Asset-based community development served as the theoretical framework for this study. A transformative paradigm was adopted, employing a participatory research design to bring together individuals with relevant experiences and opinions. The study involved fifteen participants, including five lecturers with more than five years of experience, five third-year students, and five fourth-year students from a selected university. Data was collected through focused group discussions and interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings of the study revealed that connecting activities to assessment, proper planning, linking content to students' lives, and establishing a positive classroom culture were conducive conditions for collaborative learning. On the other hand, language barriers, unconducive classroom infrastructure, and lack of infrastructure were identified as factors that could hinder the implementation of collaborative learning in this study. The study recommends the creation of favourable conditions, such as aligning activities with assessments and effective planning, to promote collaborative learning among pre-service teachers in rural university classrooms in South Africa.
Exploring Journalists’ Intentions Towards Digital Mobile Technologies

In recent years, the use of digital mobile technologies for journalistic practice has gained much popularity among Ghanaian journalists. In this study, we explored three original Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) variables (perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and social influence) and two additional variables, (the cost of smartphones, and the cost of mobile data) to predict the relationship between the five variables, and journalists’ intention to use Digital Mobile Technologies (DMTs). A structured questionnaire was used to solicit data from 281 Ghanaian frontline journalists through an online survey. The respondents were selected by purposive sampling. Structural Equation Modelling analysis of the data showed that, as the cost of smartphones, and the cost of mobile data increases, journalists’ intention to use technology decreases in Ghana. Thus, mobile data and the cost of smartphones had a negative relationship with journalists’ intention to use DMTs. The testing of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and social influence, however, reported a positive relationship with the use intention. The findings from this study have implications for policy change on the reduction of the prices of both mobile data and smartphones to enhance the use of DMTs among journalists in Ghana. Also, the findings from this study could be considered a template for the proper regulation of the use of DMTs for enhanced practice of journalism in Ghana and other developing countries.
Decadal changes in Southern Ocean ventilation inferred from deconvolutions of repeat hydrographies

Changes in Southern Ocean ventilation imprint on dissolved gases, nutrients, radiocarbon, temperature, and salinity. We deconvolve tracer measurements for the distribution, G , of times and locations of last ventilation using a maximum‐entropy approach. Decadal changes of G are quantified by deconvolving hydrographies measured during the early 1990s and again some 15 years later. Our analysis reveals coherent changes across the five meridional sections analyzed: The fraction of water younger than 30 years decreased by ∼20% per decade south of 40°S in circumpolar deep water (CDW) and increased by ∼10% per decade north of ∼40°S in subantarctic mode water (SAMW). Ventilation locations shifted, with more water south of 40°S being ventilated north of the subantarctic front. These ventilation changes impacted CFC uptake, with concentrations south of 40°S less than (and north of 40°S higher than) expected for steady flow. The inferred changes imply increased SAMW formation and CDW upwelling consistent with strengthened westerly winds.
Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations associated with μ-opioid and dopamine receptor distributions in the central nervous system after high-intensity exercise bouts

Introduction Dopaminergic, opiod and endocannabinoid neurotransmission are thought to play an important role in the neurobiology of acute exercise and, in particular, in mediating positive affective responses and reward processes. Recent evidence indicates that changes in fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (zfALFF) in resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) may reflect changes in specific neurotransmitter systems as tested by means of spatial correlation analyses. Methods Here, we investigated this relationship at different exercise intensities in twenty young healthy trained athletes performing low-intensity (LIIE), high-intensity (HIIE) interval exercises, and a control condition on three separate days. Positive And Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) scores and rs-fMRI were acquired before and after each of the three experimental conditions. Respective zfALFF changes were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVAs. We examined the spatial correspondence of changes in zfALFF before and after training with the available neurotransmitter maps across all voxels and additionally, hypothesis-driven, for neurotransmitter maps implicated in the neurobiology of exercise (dopaminergic, opiodic and endocannabinoid) in specific brain networks associated with “reward” and “emotion. ” Results Elevated PANAS Positive Affect was observed after LIIE and HIIE but not after the control condition. HIIE compared to the control condition resulted in differential zfALFF decreases in precuneus, temporo-occipital, midcingulate and frontal regions, thalamus, and cerebellum, whereas differential zfALFF increases were identified in hypothalamus, pituitary, and periaqueductal gray. The spatial alteration patterns in zfALFF during HIIE were positively associated with dopaminergic and μ-opioidergic receptor distributions within the ‘reward' network. Discussion These findings provide new insight into the neurobiology of exercise supporting the importance of reward-related neurotransmission at least during high-intensity physical activity.
Changes in river flood hazard in Europe: a review

Despite costly flood risk reduction efforts, material damage and death toll caused by river floods continue to be high in Europe. In the present review paper, after outlining a process-based perspective, we examine observed and projected changes in flood hazard. Spatial and temporal variability of large floods is analyzed, based on a time series of flood information, collected by the Dartmouth Flood Observatory in 1985–2016. Model-based projections of future flood hazard are critically reviewed. It is difficult to disentangle the climatic change component from strong natural variability and direct human impacts. The climate change impact on flood hazard is complex and depends on the river flood generation mechanism. It has not been possible to detect ubiquitous changes in flood characteristics in observation records in Europe, so far. However, we found an increasing tendency in the number of floods with large magnitude and severity, even if year-to-year variability is strong. There is a considerable spread of river flood hazard projections in Europe among studies, carried out under different assumptions. Therefore, caution must be exerted by practitioners in charge of climate change adaptation, flood risk reduction, risk insurance, and water resources management when accommodating information on flood hazard projections, under considerable uncertainty.
The politics of toponymic continuity: the limits of change and the ongoing lives of street names

There is a widespread recognition in the critical toponymies literature that radical or revolutionary political change is accompanied by the renaming of urban streets and buildings. In particular, through a process of ‘toponymic cleansing’ ideologically inappropriate names are removed from the urban arena and replaced by new names that accord with the agenda, aspirations and values of the new political order. This process is frequently assumed to be clean, decisive and definitive; a clean sweep which results in a comprehensive reconfiguring of the toponymic landscape. However, we argue that the process is far more messy and inconclusive than is often recognised. Streets with inappropriate names may be overlooked; the material signage with the old name may persist long after a street has been through the administrative process of renaming; and old (and ideologically inappropriate) names may remain in widespread daily use long after they have been formally changed. In other words, former toponymies are absent presences that haunt the city long after a period of revolutionary political change has been completed. In this chapter we examine such ‘residual’ toponymies and we illustrate our discussion with a range of examples from post-socialist and post-colonial contexts. We argue that attempts to change everyday ‘worlds of meaning’ through renaming streets are much less successful than is often argued, and we call for a recognition of the performative limits of changing urban place names.
The 4D‐var Estimation of North Korean Rocket Exhaust Emissions Into the Ionosphere

We have developed a four‐dimensional variation data assimilation technique (4D‐var) and utilized it to reconstruct three‐dimensional images of the ionospheric hole created during Kwangmyongsong‐4 rocket launch. Kwangmyongsong‐4 was launched southward from North Korea Sohae space center (124.7°E, 39.6°N) at 00:30 UT on 7 February 2016. The data assimilated were Global Positioning System total electron content from the South Korean Global Positioning System‐receiver network. Due to lack of publicized information about Kwangmyongsong‐4, the rocket was assumed to inherit its technology from previous launches (Taepodong‐2). The created ionospheric hole was assumed to be made by neutral molecules, water (H2O) and hydrogen (H2), deposited in exhaust plumes. The dispersion model was developed based on advection and diffusion equation, and a simple asymmetric diffusion model assumed. From the analysis, using the adjoint technique, we estimated an ionospheric hole with the largest depletion existing around 6–7 min after launch and gradually recovering within ~30 min. These results are in agreement with temporal total electron content analyses of the same event from previous studies. Furthermore, Kwangmyongsong‐4 second stage exhaust emissions were estimated as 1.9 × 1026 s−1 of which 40% was H2 and the rest H2O.
Brazilian dance self-perceived impacts on quality of life of people with Parkinson’s

Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) causes several motor and non-motor symptoms, resulting in negative impacts on physical, mental, emotional, and social aspects of people with PD quality of life. Dance has been considered as a potential non-pharmacological intervention to improve people with PD motor and non-motor symptoms, thereby enhancing quality of life. Purpose To analyze the self-perceive impacts of Brazilian Dance on the quality of life (physical, mental, emotional, and social) of PwPD, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Fourteen participants from the “Dança & Parkinson” project were included in this qualitative study. Data collection instruments consisted of a profile and personal data sheet; assessment of accessibility to the online dance classes; Telephone Montreal Cognitive Assessment by phone call; and semi-structured interview conducted through ZOOM video call. The participants characterization data were calculated using mean, standard deviation, and percentages with the Excel Program version 2013. Qualitative data was analyzed using the Thematic Analysis technique in the Nvivo, version 8.0, qualitative analysis of text, sound, and video program. Results The participants reported facing various challenges in dealing with PD, which negatively impact their quality of life. However, their resilience, acceptance, and dedication to treatment play an important role in coping with the issues related to the disease. Brazilian dance, both in-person before the COVID-19 pandemic and online during the pandemic, led the participants to perceive improvements in physical, mental, emotional, and social aspects of quality of life. Conclusion The Brazilian dance appears to have a positive impact on the physical, mental, emotional, and social aspects of the participants’ quality of life, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Development of Students’ Creative Problem-Solving Skills Through Learning Model in Gamification Environment Together with Cartoon Animation Media

The aims of this study were to synthesize and evaluate the learning model in gamification environment together with cartoon animation media to promote students’ creative problem-solving skills. This study was divided into three phases, (i) synthesized and evaluated the appropriateness of learning model (ii) developed cartoon animation and (iii) assessed creative problem-solving skills. The results show that the learning model consisted of three main components: teaching component, gamification environment, and activities to promote creative problem-solving. The overall suitability assessment of the developed learning model was averaged at 4.69 (SD = 0.46) out of 5, being at the most appropriate level and the scores of the students’ post-learn creative problem-solving skills assessment were significantly higher than the criteria at the level . 05. These results lead to a conclusion that the learning model in gamification environment together with cartoon animation media can significantly promote students’ creative problem-solving skills and can be applied to develop desired learners’ achievements and skills.
Serum cytokine profile of neonatal broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Typhimurium

The avian immune system responds to Salmonella infection by expressing cytokines and chemokines. We hypothesized that the immune status of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) challenged neonatal broilers would differ from the uninfected treatment. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate 12 cytokines. Day of hatch male chicks were randomly allocated into a control or ST challenged group. At day three of age, sterile diluent or 5.0 × 108 CFU of ST was given orally to each chick. Blood was obtained 24 h post challenge and serum separated for later analysis (n = 30 chicks/treatment). Significant (p ≤ 0.05) increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines -interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-16, and IL-21; anti-inflammatory cytokines - IL-10; chemokines -regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), and MIP-3α; colony stimulating factors -macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF); and growth factors -vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were observed in the serum of the challenged chicks when compared to the control. No significant differences were observed in IL-2, interferon gamma (IFNγ), and IFNα. These data indicate the detection of mucosal immune responses in broiler chickens following ST infection. The heightened levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and colony stimulating factors align with known inflammatory mechanisms, like the influx of immune cells. However, the elevation of IL-10 was unexpected, due to its immunoregulatory properties. Notably, the rise in VEGF levels is compelling, as it suggests the possibility of tissue repair and angiogenesis in ST infected birds.
Explainable Models for Predicting Academic Pathways for High School Students in Saudi Arabia

The science of data mining has contributed considerably to the education sector. However, most educational data mining (EDM) studies have focused on predicting the future performance of students and detecting at-risk students to provide early targeted interventions. A few studies used machine learning techniques to predict the future academic pathways for degree students. However, there are limited studies that use the datasets of high school students to predict future pathways. Moreover, such studies are yet to be conducted using datasets produced in Saudi high schools. Therefore, researchers that work in the education sector have focused on EDM and are eager to apply advanced computer science methods to upgrade old administrative systems. Furthermore, the education sector is a rich field with data that can be exploited to improve and enhance educational management systems and accelerate digital transformation. In this study, we explore the applications of EDM and review the algorithms used by other researchers in this field. We applied supervised machine learning classifiers to educational datasets collected from high schools in Saudi to predict the future academic pathways of students and identify the essential factors that affect them. This study contributes to the literature by developing a predictive model for students in Saudi high schools and detecting critical features that affect future academic careers of the students. Furthermore, we used explainable artificial intelligence to interpret the best model and enhance its transparency.
Fertility factors in Czechia according to the results of the 2011 census

In the last quarter century, women’s reproductive behaviour underwent a marked change in Czechia. The 2011 census showed a fall in cohort fertility below two children per woman by the end of her reproductive span. Factors behind changes in fertility, particularly from a cohort perspective, have not been sufficiently analyzed. The aim of this article is to determine the main factors influencing cohort fertility in Czechia. The main objective is to test the impact of the most frequently discussed factors of fertility at the individual level. The analysis is based on anonymised individual-level data from the 2011 Czech Population and Housing Census. We used the method of causal modelling to monitor the impact of various factors on cohort fertility. It was confirmed, that the key factor behind fertility levels was the marital status (married women are more likely to become mothers than single women). Other important factors included woman’s income (a higher income raises the chance of remaining childless or having only one child) and achieved educational level (the level of childlessness increases as the level of education rises). Future fertility rates in Czechia will depend mainly on the extent to which university educated women will be capable to reconcile work and family life in order to fulfil their reproductive ambitions. By analysing the differences in cohort fertility among various population groups and identifying the factors that may affect fertility levels across these subpopulations, it is possible to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms behind changes of reproductive behaviour.
THE EFFECT OF STUDENTS’ MATHEMATICAL DISPOSITION ON MATHEMATICAL CRITICAL THINKING ABILITY OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Abstract: This study investigates the effect of students' mathematical dispositions on elementary school students' mathematical critical thinking abilities. The existing problems are related to low critical thinking skills and poor mathematical disposition of students, including low curiosity, low ability to ask questions during the mathematics learning, and poor ability to provide logical reasons for communicating ideas. This research was quasi-experimental, where the participants in this study amounted to 49 5th-grade students in two integrated Islamic elementary schools in Cirebon City, Indonesia. Data was collected through a questionnaire of students' mathematical disposition and a test of mathematical critical thinking ability. The data analysis employed descriptive statistical analysis and simple regression analysis. The research found that the students' mathematical disposition significantly affects elementary school students' mathematical critical thinking ability. The significance value is significant (sig. 0.000 <0.05) with a correlation coefficient of 0.597. The results also reveal that students with a high level of mathematical disposition perform better in mathematical critical thinking ability than students with medium and low mathematical dispositions. So, it can be concluded that the mathematical disposition influences students' mathematical critical thinking abilities. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh disposisi matematis siswa terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa sekolah dasar. Dengan adanya permasalahan terkait rendahnya kemampuan berpikir kritis dan disposisi matematis siswa yang kurang baik, seperti rasa ingin tahu yang rendah, kemampuan bertanya ketika proses belajar matematika yang rendah serta kemampuan memberikan alasan yang logis dalam mengkomunikasikan ide-ide yang kurang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimen. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 49 siswa kelas 5 di 2 (dua) sekolah dasar Islam terpadu di Kota Cirebon, Indonesia. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket disposisi matematis dan tes kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis. Sementara itu, data hasil penelitian dianalisis melalui analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis regresi sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa disposisi matematis siswa berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa sekolah dasar. Nilai signifikansinya sebesar sig. 0.000 < 0.05 dengan koefisien korelasi 0.597. Hasil penelitian juga mengungkapkan bahwa siswa yang memiliki level disposisi matematis tinggi, kemampuan berpikir kritis matematisnya lebih baik dibandingkan dengan siswa yang memiliki level disposisi matematis sedang dan rendah. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa disposisi matematis berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa.