Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Social Cost of Conflict between New Media and Society: The Case of Gaming Disorder in South Korea

Historically, the introduction of a new media in mass market caused a strong conflict starting from the nineteenth century popular literature, comics, rock music and film. Interestingly, these conflicts have shown similar and repeated patterns, which is now called media panic and moral regulation, and games are following this pattern. In 2019, Gaming disorder (GD) was decided to be included in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), and similar conflicts on games arenow expected. However, the social cost and damage have not been fully addressed until now. Thus, this study focuses on the estimation of the social cost induced by GD for policy design and decisions in the public healthcare of South Korea. Using the contingent valuation method, a popular valuation method in econometrics for non-market goods, this study has tried to estimate the social cost induced by the introduction of GD into the public healthcare practice. Focusing on a false positive problem in the diagnosis, this study estimates that the willingness to pay for GD diagnosis for children is about KRW 152 K (USD 135). Considering the difference between the prevalence of GD (1.9%) and GD suspicion rate of children in the respondents (12.54%), the excessive medical diagnosis cost due to the false positive problem is estimated to KRW 101 billion (USD 89.6 M), which is about four times more than the annual medical cost for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) treatment in South Korea. Thus, strong scientific proof and a cautious policy approach on GD are needed before the inclusion of GD in the public health practice.
Scandium Loading on Chelating and Solvent Impregnated Resin from Sulfate Solution

ABSTRACT Adsorption of Sc onto two chelating resins, aminomethyl phosphonic (TP 260) and iminodiacetate (TP 209), and one solvent impregnated resin with bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (TP 272) was investigated. Resin capacities, ion selectivity, adsorption kinetics, and equilibrium isotherms were measured. Sc speciation was predicted using chemical thermodynamic data. The kinetic data were fit to empirical models. The adsorption behavior was established by fitting equilibrium data to Langmuir and Freudlinch isotherms. Process variables such as pH, sulfate concentration, and temperature were considered. This new information will be used for hydrometallurgical process selection for Sc recovery.
Basil as Secondary Crop in Cascade Hydroponics: Exploring Salinity Tolerance Limits in Terms of Growth, Amino Acid Profile, and Nutrient Composition

In a cascade hydroponic system, the used nutrient solution drained from a primary crop is directed to a secondary crop, enhancing resource-use efficiency while minimizing waste. Nevertheless, the inevitably increased EC of the drainage solution requires salinity-tolerant crops. The present study explored the salinity-tolerance thresholds of basil to evaluate its potential use as a secondary crop in a cascade system. Two distinct but complemented approaches were used; the first experiment examined basil response to increased levels of salinity (5, 10 and 15 dS m−1, compared with 2 dS m−1 of control) to identify the limits, and the second experiment employed a cascade system with cucumber as a primary crop to monitor basil responses to the drainage solution of 3.2 dS m−1. Growth, ascorbate content, nutrient concentration, and total amino acid concentration and profile were determined in both experiments. Various aspects of basil growth and biochemical performance collectively indicated the 5 dS m−1 salinity level as the upper limit/threshold of tolerance to stress. Higher salinity levels considerably suppressed fresh weight production, though the total concentration of amino acids showed a sevenfold increase under 15 dS m−1 and 4.5-fold under 5 and 10 dS m−1 compared to the control. The performance of basil in the cascade system was subject to a compromise between a reduction of fresh produce and an increase of total amino acids and ascorbate content. This outcome indicated that basil performed well under the conditions and the system employed in the present study, and might be a good candidate for use as a secondary crop in cascade-hydroponics systems.
Periodic Solution of Two-Body Problem of Classical Electrodynamics with Radiation Terms

The present paper is an improved version of a previous one, where we have proved an existence-uniqueness of periodic motion of two-body problem of classical electrodynamics. The system of equation of motion obtained is of a neutral type with respect to the unknown velocities with both retarded and advanced arguments depending on the unknown trajectories. We use an operator introduced in a previous our paper. Its fixed point is a periodic solution of the problem in question. An existence-uniqueness of a periodic solution means an existence of closed orbits. But this means that Bohr-Sommerfeld stationary states are a consequence of classical electrodynamics. Radiation terms are chosen such so as not to disturb the stability of the hydrogen atom.
Ecology and seasonality of Pseudo-nitzschia species (Bacillariophyceae) in the northwestern Adriatic Sea over a 30-years period (1988–2020)

The ecology and seasonality of Pseudo-nitzschia species and their contribution to phytoplankton community were analysed for the first time at the coastal station of the LTER-Senigallia-Susak transect (north-western Adriatic Sea) from 1988 to 2020. Species composition was addressed using DNA sequence data obtained from 106 monoclonal strains isolated from January 2018 to January 2020. The mean annual cycle of total phytoplankton in the study period (Feb 1988–Jan 2020) showed maximum abundances in winter followed by other peaks in spring and autumn. Diatoms were the main contributors in terms of abundance during the winter and the spring blooms. The autumn peak was due to phytoflagellates and diatoms. In summer phytoflagellates dominated the community, followed by diatoms and dinoflagellates, which in this season reached their annual maximum. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. represented on average 0.4–17.6% of diatom community, but during their blooms they could reach up to up to 90% of the total diatom abundances with 106 cells l-1. By LM, six different taxa were recognized: Pseudo-nitzschia cf. delicatissima and P. cf. pseudodelicatissima were the most abundant, followed by P. cf. fraudulenta, P. pungens, P. multistriata and P. cf. galaxiae. P. cf. fraudulenta and P. pungens were indicator taxa of winter. P. cf. delicatissima and P. cf. pseudodelicatissima were spring and summer taxa, respectively. P. galaxiae showed maximum abundances in autumn. DNA sequences revealed the presence of two species belonging to the ’P. seriata group’ (i.e. P. fraudulenta and P. pungens) and four species belonging to the ‘P. delicatissima group’ (P. calliantha and P. mannii within the P. pseudodelicatissima species complex, and P. delicatissima and P. cf. arenysensis within the P. delicatissima species complex). The presence of several cryptic and pseudo-cryptic species highlights the need to combine LM observations with DNA sequence data when the ecology of Pseudo-nitzschia is investigated.
Influence of Si precursor type on the surface roughening of SiGe epitaxial layers deposited by ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition method

Si1-xGex layers were deposited using Si2H6/GeH4 and Si3H8/GeH4 by ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition, and the effect of the Si precursor type on surface roughnening is investigated. The root mean square (RMS) of surface roughness of Si1-xGex layers that were deposited using either Si2H6 or Si3H8 was increased gradually with the increasing film thickness, resulting in an increase in the amplitude of the wavy surface below the critical thickness for the formation of threading dislocations. The residual strain in SiGe with Si2H6 was decreased significantly through the defect formation with an abrupt increase in RMS roughness for the thickness larger than the critical thickness. For the SiGe layer with Si3H8, RMS roughness of the SiGe layer was increased gradually and monotonically, while the residual strain was decreased gradually above the critical thickness. Therefore, the use of a Si3H8 precursor as a silicon source gas can be helpful to control the flat interface for heteroepitaxial growth.
Association of Residential Proximity to the Coast With Incident Myocardial Infarction: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background Little is known about how the residential distance to the coast is associated with incident myocardial infarction (MI) and which mechanisms may explain the association. We aim to explore this association using data from a prospective, population-based cohort with unprecedented sample size, and broad geographical coverage. Methods In this study, 377,340 participants from the UK Biobank were included. Results It was shown that 4,059 MI occurred during a median 8.0 years follow-up. Using group (<1 km) as reference, group (20–50 km) was associated with a lower risk of MI (hazard ratio, HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.64–0.98) and a U-shaped relation between distance to the coast and MI was shown with the low-risk interval between 32 and 64 km (pnon−linear = 0.0012). Using participants of the intermediate region (32–64 km) as a reference, participants of the offshore region (<32 km) and inland region (>64 km) were both associated with a higher risk of incident MI (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04–1.21 and HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01–1.18, respectively). HR for offshore region (<32 km) was larger in subgroup with low total physical activity (<24 h/week) (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.09–1.42, pinteraction = 0.043). HR for inland region (>64 km) was larger in subgroup in urban area (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03–1.22, pinteraction = 0.065) and in subgroup of high nitrogen dioxide (NO2) air pollution (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.11–1.50, pinteraction = 0.021). Conclusion We found a U-shaped association between residential distance to the coast and incident MI, and the association was modified by physical activity, population density, and air pollution.
THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ATTACHMENT DIMENSIONS AND AFFECT IN ADULTHOOD: THE MEDIATING EFFECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL FLEXIBILITY

This research was conducted during the state of emergency in response to coronavirus pandemic with the aim to further examine the relationships between attachment dimensions – attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance – and affect and to test the mediating role of psychological flexibility in these relationships. The sample which was obtained by using the snowball sampling method consists of 1515 adults from the Republic of Srpska, entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina (70.4% females) aged between 18 and 65 who filled an online questionnaire battery. Attachment dimensions were measured by the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ), affect by the Negative and Positive Affect Scale (NAPAS), and psychological flexibility by the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II). The results indicate that attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance correlate positively with the negative affect and correlate negatively with the positive affect. Furthermore, the results showed that the relationships between attachment dimensions and negative affect can be explained through psychological flexibility – higher values of attachment dimensions contribute to lower psychological flexibility, which then leads to higher negative affect. The obtained findings have been considered in the light of theoretical and practical importance.
The Effect of Water Vapor Originating from Land on the 2018 Drought Development in Europe

The 2018 summer drought in Europe was particularly extreme in terms of intensity and impact due to the combination of low rainfall and high temperatures. However, it remains unclear how this drought developed in time and space in such an extreme way. In this study we aimed to get a better understanding of the role of land-atmosphere interactions. More specifically, we investigated whether there was a change in water vapor originating from land, if that caused a reduction in rainfall, and by this mechanism possibly the propagation and intensification of the drought in Europe. Our first step was to use remote sensing products for soil moisture content (SMC) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to see where the 2018 drought started and how it developed in time and space. Our SMC and NDVI analysis showed that the 2018 drought started to impact the soil and vegetation state in June in Scandinavia and the British Isles. After that it moved towards the West of Europe where it intensified in July and August. In September, it started to decay. In October, drought was observed in southeast Europe as well. Based on the observed patterns we divided Europe into six regions of similar spatiotemporal characteristics of SMC and NDVI. Then, we used a global gridded dataset of the fate of land evaporation (i.e., where it ends up as precipitation) to investigate whether the drought intensification and propagation was impacted by the reduction in water vapor transported from the regions that first experienced the drought. This impact was investigated by identifying the anomalies in the water vapor originating from land recycling, imports and exports within Europe during the spring, summer, and autumn seasons. From these regions we identified four drought regions and investigated the changes in water vapor originating from source regions on the development of drought in those regions. It was found that during the onset phase of the 2018 drought in Europe that the water vapor originating from land played an important role in mitigating the precipitation anomalies as, for example, the share of land evaporation contributing to precipitation increased from 27% (normal years) to 38% (2018) during July in West of Europe. Land evaporation played a minor role in amplifying it during the intensification phase of the drought as the share of land evaporation contribution to precipitation decreased from 23% (normal years) to 21% (2018) during August in West of Europe. These findings are somewhat in contrast to similar studies in other continents that found the land surface to play a strong amplifying role for drought development. Subsequently, we found that the relative increase in the amount of land water vapor originating from eastern half of Europe played a role in delaying the onset and accelerating the decay of the 2018 drought in West of Europe.
Loving My New Neighbor: The Korean-American Methodists’ Response to the UMC Debate over LGBTQ Individuals in Everyday Life

The recent nationwide debate of American Protestant churches over the ordination and consecration of LGBTQ clergymen and laypeople has been largely divisive and destructive. While a few studies have paid attention to individual efforts of congregations to negotiate the heated conflicts as their contribution to the denominational debate, no studies have recounted how post-1965 immigrants, often deemed as “ethnic enclaves apart from larger American society”, respond to this religious issue. Drawing on an ethnographic study of a first-generation Korean Methodist church in the Tampa Bay area, Florida, this article attempts to fill this gap in the literature. In brief, I argue that the Tampa Korean-American Methodists’ continual exposure to the Methodist Church’s larger denominational homosexuality debate and their personal relationships with gay and lesbian friends in everyday life together work to facilitate their gradual tolerance toward sexual minorities as a sign of their accommodation of individualistic and democratic values of American society.
Sustainable Teacher Training via Distance Education: The Effect of Study Centers, Gender and Economic Demographics on Academic Performance

We examine the effectiveness and sustainability of the distance teacher education program established by the University of Education, Winneba, Ghana, by investigating the differences in the academic performance of students who are trained in the teacher education program via traditional and distance education modes, respectively, from 2011 to 2015. Close attention is paid to the factors that affect the academic performance of students in the distance mode. Our findings confirm that traditional mode students perform better than their distance mode counterparts in terms of cumulative GPAs. Gender and economic demographics of distance study centers are found to affect the academic performance of distance education students significantly. The policy implications of these findings are discussed and directions of further action are outlined.
Isothermal approach to predict the removal efficiency of β-carotene adsorption from CPO using activated carbon produced from tea waste

Adsorption of β-carotene in crude palm oil (CPO) was studied using activated carbon produced from tea waste (ACTW) an adsorbent. Isothermal studies were carried out at 60 °C with the ratio of activated carbon to CPO were 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, and 1:6, respectively. The ACTW showed excellent performance as the percentage of adsorption of β-carotene from CPO was > 99%. The best percentage removal (R) was achieved at ACTW to CPO ratio equal to 1:3, which was 99.61%. The appropriate isotherm model for this study was Freundlich isotherm model. The combination of Freundlich isotherm equation and mass balance equation showed a good agreement when validated to the experimental data. The equation subsequently executed to predict the removal efficiency under given sets of operating conditions. At a targetted R, CPO volume can be estimated for a certain initial concentration β-carotene in CPO C0 and mass of ACTW adsorbent M used.
Short-term Load Forecasting by Using Improved GEP and Abnormal Load Recognition

Load forecasting in short term is very important to economic dispatch and safety assessment of power system. Although existing load forecasting in short-term algorithms have reached required forecast accuracy, most of the forecasting models are black boxes and cannot be constructed to display mathematical models. At the same time, because of the abnormal load caused by the failure of the load data collection device, time synchronization, and malicious tampering, the accuracy of the existing load forecasting models is greatly reduced. To address these problems, this article proposes a Short-Term Load Forecasting algorithm by using Improved Gene Expression Programming and Abnormal Load Recognition (STLF-IGEP_ALR). First, the Recognition algorithm of Abnormal Load based on Probability Distribution and Cross Validation is proposed. By analyzing the probability distribution of rows and columns in load data, and using the probability distribution of rows and columns for cross-validation, misjudgment of normal load in abnormal load data can be better solved. Second, by designing strategies for adaptive generation of population parameters, individual evolution of populations and dynamic adjustment of genetic operation probability, an Improved Gene Expression Programming based on Evolutionary Parameter Optimization is proposed. Finally, the experimental results on two real load datasets and one open load dataset show that compared with the existing abnormal data detection algorithms, the algorithm proposed in this article have higher advantages in missing detection rate, false detection rate and precision rate, and STLF-IGEP_ALR is superior to other short-term load forecasting algorithms in terms of the convergence speed, MAE, MAPE, RSME, and R2.
The Influence of Carpeting, Human Activity and Number of Beds on Airborne Fungi Concentration in Hotel Bedrooms

In urban environments, people spend about 90% of their time indoors, where strong indicators of air-borne contaminants have been found. Currently, there are no reports on the fungal presence and distribution in the air of hotel bedrooms. In this study, we assessed the presence of airborne fungi in bedrooms from three hotels and correlated with room characteristics. We sampled 100 L (L) of air from hotels in Nuevo León, Mexico, then fungi colony forming units (CFU) were measured and identification was made based on morphological features. Variables considered were the presence of carpet, number of beds, cleaning status for the room and floor number. Penicillium, Cladosporium and Aspergillus exhibited the highest CFU concentration and frequency. A slight tendency was observed towards lower fungi concentrations when rooms had been cleaned before sampling. Statistical differences were found between rooms with carpet vs. no carpet, and one vs. two beds. Furthermore, a correlation between floor number and fungi concentration was observed with correspondence to the hotels’ room assignment protocol. These findings offer new variables to take into consideration when designing and implementing preventive or corrective sanitization procedures to improve their efficiency and could be relevant for hotel bedrooms as well as any other type of room.
Native language, L2 experience, and pitch processing in music

The current study investigated how the role of pitch in one’s native language and L2 experience influenced musical melodic processing by testing Turkish and Mandarin Chinese advanced and beginning learners of English as an L2. Pitch has a lower functional load and shows a simpler pattern in Turkish than in Chinese as the former only contrasts between presence and the absence of pitch elevation, while the latter makes use of four different pitch contours lexically. Using the Musical Ear Test as the tool, we found that the Chinese listeners outperformed the Turkish listeners, and the advanced L2 learners outperformed the beginning learners. The Turkish listeners were further tested on their discrimination of bisyllabic Chinese lexical tones, and again an L2 advantage was observed. No significant difference was found for working memory between the beginning and advanced L2 learners. These results suggest that richness of tonal inventory of the native language is essential for triggering a music processing advantage, and on top of the tone language advantage, the L2 experience yields a further enhancement. Yet, unlike the tone language advantage that seems to relate to pitch expertise, learning an L2 seems to improve sound discrimination in general, and such improvement exhibits in non-native lexical tone discrimination.
A Weather-Type Classification and Its Application to Near-Surface Wind Climate Change Projections over the Adriatic Region

The main goal of this study is to present a recently developed classification method for weather types based on the vorticity and the location of the synoptic centers relative to the Adriatic region. The basis of the present objective classification, applied to the Adriatic region, is the subjective classification developed by Poje. Our algorithm considered daily mean sea-level pressure and 500 hPa geopotential height to define one out of 17 possible weather types. We applied the algorithm to identify which weather type was relevant in the generation of the two typical near-surface winds over the Adriatic region, namely Bora and Sirocco. Two high-resolution (0.11°) EURO-CORDEX regional climate models were used, SMHI-RCA4 and DHMZ-RegCM4, forced by several CMIP5 global climate models and analyzed for two 30-year periods: near-present day and mid-21st century climate conditions under the high-end Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP8.5) scenario. Bora and Sirocco days were extracted for each weather type and a distribution over the 30-year period was presented. Our results suggest that in the winter season, climate model projections indicate a reduction in the main cyclonic types relevant in the formation of Bora over the entire Adriatic region and an increase in the number of anticyclonic types relevant in Sirocco events. In contrast, for the summer season, an increase in the main anticyclonic Bora-related weather types is found in the ensemble over the northern Adriatic region.