Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parallel FEM LES with one-equation subgrid-scale model for incompressible flows

This article develops a parallel large-eddy simulation (LES) with a one-equation subgrid-scale (SGS) model based on the Galerkin finite element method and three-dimensional (3D) brick elements. The governing filtered Navier–Stokes equations were solved by a second-order accurate fractional-step method, which decomposed the implicit velocity–pressure coupling in incompressible flow and segregated the solution to the advection and diffusion terms. The transport equation for the SGS turbulent kinetic energy was solved to calculate the SGS processes. This FEM LES model was applied to study the turbulence of the benchmark open channel flow at a Reynolds number Reτ = 180 (based on the friction velocity and channel height) using different model constants and grid resolutions. By comparing the turbulence statistics calculated by the current model with those obtained from direct numerical simulation (DNS) and experiments in literature, an optimum set of model constants for the current FEM LES model was established. The budgets of turbulent kinetic energy and vertical Reynolds stress were then analysed for the open channel flow. Finally, the flow structures were visualised to further reveal some important characteristics. It was demonstrated that the current model with the optimum model constants can predict well the organised structure near the wall and free surface, and can be further applied to other fundamental and engineering applications.
Some rigorous results for Yang–Mills theories on a cylinder

Using an approach based on the canonical formalism, the Yang–Mills theories on a cylinder are rigorously analyzed. In this way the moduli space A/G, can be explicitly described with A being the space of connections and G the group of gauge transformations. In particular A/G0, G0 being the group of the pointed gauge transformations, is diffeomorphic to the structure group of the theory G, whereas A/G is G modulo the group of inner automorphisms. It is also proven that A → G is a principal fiber bundle with structure group G0.
Parametric Study of the Effect of Reference State on Energy and Exergy Efficiencies of Geothermal District Heating Systems (GDHSs): An Application of the Salihli GDHS in Turkey

A parametric study of the effect of reference state on the energy and exergy efficiencies of geothermal district heating systems is presented. In this regard, the work consists of two parts: a modeling study covering energy and exergy analysis and a case study covering the actual system data taken from the Salihli Geothermal District Heating System (SGDHS) in Manisa, Turkey. General energy and exergy analysis of the geothermal district heating systems is introduced along with some thermodynamic performance evaluation parameters. This analysis is then applied to the SGDHS using actual thermodynamic data for its performance evaluation in terms of energy and exergy efficiencies. In addition, a parametric study on the effect of varying dead state properties on the energy and exergy efficiencies of the system that has been conducted to find optimum performance and operating conditions is explained. Two parametric expressions of energy and exergy efficiencies were developed as a function of the reference temperature. Both energy and exergy flow diagrams illustrate and compare results under different conditions. It has been observed that the exergy destructions in the system particularly take place as the exergy of the fluid lost in the heat exchanger, the natural direct discharge of the system (pipeline losses), and the pumps, which account for 31.17%, 8.98%, and 4.27% of the total exergy input to the SGDHS, respectively. For the actual system that is presented, the system energy and exergy efficiencies vary between 0.53 and 0.73 and 0.58 and 0.59, respectively.
Efficacy and Safety of Combined Ethanol-Lipiodol Mixture and Drug-Eluting Bead TACE for Large HCC

Purpose To evaluate treatment response, survival and safety of a novel TACE using combination of ethanol-Lipiodol mixture and drug-eluting beads in patients with large unresectable HCC, single tumor >8 cm or multiple tumors with the largest tumor diameter >5 cm and total tumor diameter >10 cm. Patients and Methods Between June 2016 and February 2020, a total of 27 patients were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Treatment response was assessed at first month after the treatment; progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. The prognostic factors associated with patient survival were statistically analyzed by the Cox regression model. Adverse events were recorded. Results The maximum diameter of the tumors ranged from 5 cm to 17 cm (mean 10.48 cm). The objective response and disease control rates were 56% and 78%, respectively, at 1-month follow-up. The median survival time was 15.9 months (95% CI, 9.03–34.76 months). The OS rates were 76.9% at six months, 65.2% at one year and 44.8% at two years. AFP >400 ng/mL (p = 0.0306), maximum tumor size >10cm (p = 0.0240) were potential risk factors for OS. Regarding safety, major complications occurred in one patient (1/27, 3.7%), presenting with transient hepatic encephalopathy. Conclusion Combined DEB-TACE appeared to have favorable objective tumor response. It can be an effective treatment option for large unresectable HCC.
On the approximation on finite intervals and local spline extrapolation

A procedure for constructing and analysing the thirdand fifth-degree local splines is proposed, which is based on the connection between the splines and interpolation polynomials. The procedure allowed us to obtain extremely easy-to-implement and stable algorithms for constructing the splines both on inner subintervals and on subintervals adjacent to the endpoints. In some cases an explicit representation of remainder terms of approximation of functions and their derivatives, as well as an exact estimate of the approximation error, has been derived. Splines have also been constructed which extrapolate an approximated function to the exterior of the interval on which its values were calculated. The n-ih degree local spline of defect 1 on a grid {*,} is understood to be a polynomial spline which can be written as a linear combination of 5-splines B*(x) of degree n, namely
Molecular Characterization of Community- and Hospital- Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates during COVID-19 Pandemic

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a drug-resistant superbug that causes various types of community- and hospital-acquired infectious diseases. The current study was aimed to see the genetic characteristics and gene expression of MRSA isolates of nosocomial origin. A total of 221 MRSA isolates were identified from 2965 clinical samples. To identify the bacterial isolates, the clinical samples were inoculated on blood agar media plates first and incubated at 37 °C for 18–24 h. For further identification, the Gram staining and various biochemical tests were performed once the colonies appeared on the inoculated agar plates. The phenotypic identification of antibiotic susceptibility patterns was carried out using Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method by following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2019 guidelines. The biofilm-producing potentials of MRSA were checked quantitatively using a spectrophotometric assay. All strains were characterized genotypically by SCCmec and agr typing using the specific gene primers. Furthermore, a total of twelve adhesion genes were amplified in all MRSA isolates. MRSA was a frequently isolated pathogen (44% community acquired (CA)-MRSA and 56% hospital acquired (HA)-MRSA), respectively. Most of the MRSA isolates were weak biofilm producers (78%), followed by moderate (25%) and strong (7%) biofilm producers, respectively. Prominent adhesion genes were clfB (100%), icaAD (91%), fib (91%), sdrC (91%) followed by eno (89%), fnbA (77%), sdrE (67%), icaBC (65%), clfA (65%), fnbB (57%), sdrD (57%), and cna (48%), respectively. The results of the current study will help to understand and manage the spectrum of biofilm-producing MRSA-associated hospital-acquired infections and to provide potential molecular candidates for the identification of biofilm-producing MRSA.
Giving voice to education professionals of primary and secondary school students with emotional and behavioural disorders: a qualitative study

ABSTRACT Students with Emotional and Behavioural Disorders (EBD) are affecting school functioning on many levels. Despite EBD as a behavioural disorder has been subject of study, there is scarce research that gives a voice to professionals that work with EBD children in order to understand their experiences, perceptions and feelings. To address this gap four online focus groups were conducted: 1) eight primary school teachers; 2) seven secondary school teachers; 3) seven school counsellors and 4) nine specialised counsellors from the Educational Resource Centre for Developmental and Behavioural Disorders. Each focus group was asked to discuss freely about three questions: 1) about the challenges and emotions that, according to them, working with these students raises; 2) about the educational responses that teachers and other professionals in the school community should construct to ensure that these children have a chance to change; and 3) about the characteristics that the teacher’s relationship with the families of these children should have in order to help them. The discussion generated in the different focus groups was analysed qualitatively. We present an integration and synthesis of this debate with the aim of guiding the educational intervention of the school community for the benefit of these students.
Histopathological Characteristics and Prognosis of Malignant Acral Melanomas in Pakistani Patients

Background Malignant melanoma is a common cancer in Scandanavian countries due to increased exposure to ultraviolet light. Very limited data is available on malignant melanomas in Pakistani population and further studies are needed to determine its incidence in our population. Objective The main objective of our study was to determine histopathological characteristics and prognosis of malignant foot melanomas in Pakistani patients. Material and methods After approval by the Institutional Review Board, we performed a retrospective study of 59 consecutive cases of malignant acral melanoma from the year 2016-2019. The follow-up of in-house cases was available in hospital archives. The follow-up of diagnostic patients was done through direct communication. The histological features were assessed, and the prognosis was determined in terms of recurrence, metastasis, and death. Results The main histological features assessed were Breslow thickness <1 (n=3), >1-2 (n=9), >2-4 (n=12), >4 (n=36), ulceration was present in 65% (n=39), and pathological stage 1 (n=3), stage 2 (n=9), stage 3 (n=12) and stage 4 (n=36). The margin was involved in 28.3% (n=17) cases. Recurrence was observed in 47.4% (n=28), metastasis in 55.9 % (n=33), and death was observed in 49.1% (n=29). The mean follow-up duration of 3.4 years ± 0.20 (Range 3 to 6 years). The recurrence-free survival was 2.9 ± 0.24 years, metastasis-free survival was 2.8 ± 0.237 years, and disease-specific survival was 3.4 ± 0.203 years. Conclusion Malignant acral melanoma is fatal with high mortality rates. In our part of the world, acral melanoma has poor prognosis compared to non-acral melanomas. When compared with acral melanomas in other parts of the world prognosis is even worst. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in terms of patient management.
Factors associated with antibiotic prescribing for adults with acute conditions: an umbrella review across primary care and a systematic review focusing on primary dental care

Abstract Introduction One way to slow the spread of resistant bacteria is by improved stewardship of antibiotics: using them more carefully and reducing the number of prescriptions. With an estimated 7%–10% of antibiotic prescriptions globally originating from dental practices and up to 80% prescribed unnecessarily, dentistry has an important role to play. To support the design of new stewardship interventions through knowledge transfer between contexts, this study aimed to identify factors associated with the decision to prescribe antibiotics to adults presenting with acute conditions across primary care (including dentistry). Methods Two reviews were undertaken: an umbrella review across primary healthcare and a systematic review in dentistry. Two authors independently selected and quality assessed the included studies. Factors were identified using an inductive thematic approach and mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Comparisons between dental and other settings were explored. Registration number: PROSPERO_CRD42016037174. Results Searches identified 689 publications across primary care and 432 across dental care. Included studies (nine and seven, respectively) were assessed as of variable quality. They covered 46 countries, of which 12 were low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Across the two reviews, 30 factors were identified, with ‘patient/condition characteristics’, ‘patient influence’ and ‘guidelines & information’ the most frequent. Two factors were unique to dental studies: ‘procedure possible’ and ‘treatment skills’. No factor related only to LMICs. Conclusions A comprehensive list of factors associated with antibiotic prescribing to adults with acute conditions in primary care settings around the world has been collated and should assist theory-informed design of new context-specific stewardship interventions.
Circumstellar Gas-Disk Variability Around A-Type Stars: The Detection of Exocomets?

We present medium spectral resolution (R ∼ 60,000) observations of the CaII K-line (3,933 Å) absorption profiles observed toward 21 nearby A-type stars thought to possess circumstellar gas debris disks. The stars were repeatedly observed over two observing runs on the 2.1 m Otto Struve telescope at the McDonald Observatory, Texas in 2011 May and 2012 November. Nightly changes in the absorption strength of the CaII K-line near the stellar radial velocity were observed in four of the stars (HD 21620, HD 110411, HD 145964 and HD 183324). This type of absorption variability indicates the presence of a circumstellar gas disk around these stars. We also have detected weak absorption features that sporadically appear with velocities in the range ± 100 km s-1 of the main circumstellar K-line in the spectra of HD 21620, HD 42111, HD 110411 and HD 145964. Due to the known presence of both gas and dust disks surrounding these four stars, these transient absorption features are most probably associated with the presence of Falling Evaporated Bodies (FEBs, or exocomets) that are thought to liberate gas on their grazing trajectory toward and around the central star. This now brings the total number of A-type stars in which the evaporation of CaII gas from protoplanetary bodies (i.e., exocomets) has been observed to vary on a nightly basis to 10 systems. A statistical analysis of the 10 A-stars showing FEB-activity near the CaII K-line compared to 21 A-type stars that exhibit no measurable variability reveals that FEB-activity occurs in significantly younger stellar systems that also exhibit chemical peculiarities. The presence of FEB-activity does not appear to be associated with a strong mid-IR excess. This is probably linked to the disk inclination angle, since unless the viewing angle is favorable the detection of time-variable absorption may be unlikely. Additionally, if the systems are more evolved then the evaporation of gas due to FEB activity could have ceased, whereas the circumstellar dust disk may still remain.
The quasielastic scattering of cold neutrons from the beta phase of palladium hydride (and hydrogen diffusion)

The cold neutron time of flight technique has been used to study the diffusive motions of hydrogen in the beta -phase of palladium hydride. The quasielastic scattering was measured at 20 degrees C, 100 degrees C, 150 degrees C and 200 degrees C. The data were found to be well predicted by Lorentzians broadened by the appropriate resolution function. In contrast to the results obtained by Skold and Nelin in the alpha -phase, the dependence of the broadening on momentum transfer was not as predicted by the Chudley-Elliot model for jumps between octahedral sites. It was, however, well fitted by a modal which included the possibility of jumps between octahedral and tetrahedral interstitial sites as well as octahedral ones. The resultant diffusion coefficients were described by the expression D=1.1*10-3 exp (-3380/RT) cm2 s-1.
The quasi‐steady approximation, boundary‐layer separation, and vibrations in the vocal tract

Studies of voice and other flow‐induced vibratory phenomena in the vocal tract often rely on the quasi‐steady approximation based on the smallness of the Strouhal number (a nondimensional frequency measure). However, the relevant parameter do decide the application of the quasi‐steady approximation to boundary‐layer separation in oscillatory flow situations is a function of both the Strouhal number and the Reynolds number. Boundary‐layer separation is important because it helps to determine the pressure distribution on the vibrating solid surface. Thus, unsteadiness in separation could provide a mechanism for energy exchange between the solid and the air to account for self‐sustained oscillation. Such a mechanism will be illustrated by a model for tongue‐tip trills. [Supported by NIH Grant Nos. DC‐00121, DC‐00865, and DC‐01247 to Haskins Laboratories. ]
Effect of Double Stratification on Free Convection in a Micropolar Fluid

This paper analyzes the flow and heat and mass transfer characteristics of the free convection on a vertical plate with uniform and constant heat and mass fluxes in a doubly stratified micropolar fluid. The nonlinear governing equations and their associated boundary conditions are initially cast into dimensionless forms by pseudosimilarity variables. The resulting system of equations is then solved numerically using the Keller-box method. The numerical results are compared and found to be in good agreement with previously published results on special cases of the problem. The obtained results are displayed graphically to illustrate the effect of the micropolar and stratification parameters on the dimensionless velocity, microrotation, wall temperature, and wall concentration. The numerical values of the skin friction, wall couple stress, and heat and mass transfer rates for different values of governing parameters are also tabulated.
On the homogeneity of radiosonde wind time series

Radiosonde observations of temperature and wind have been an important source of upper air data during the past few decades. To be useful for climate studies, the quality and temporal homogeneity of this dataset is essential. Large efforts have been put into quality control and homogenization of radiosonde temperature data. Much less emphasis has been put on the bias correction of wind data derived from radiosonde ascents. This paper takes a first look into the temporal homogeneity of the global radiosonde wind data set as it has been compiled in the 40-year ECMWF reanalysis (ERA-40) and operational ECMWF analysis databases as well as in the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (IGRA). More than 1000 breaks have been detected with a preliminary detection and adjustment method based on the analysis of time series of background departures from the ERA-40 and the operational ECMWF data assimilation systems. Most breaks can be attributed to significant inhomogeneities (median size 2 m/s) in the observed radiosonde wind data. Especially errors in the north alignment could be detected quite well. During some periods, especially in the mid-1970s, the homogeneity of the ERA-40 background wind is questionable, however. An additional estimation of the break sizes using neighboring stations as reference is therefore recommended. As far as could be seen, the homogenization has little systematic impact on global mean observed wind trends.
MOLECULAR GAS IN LENSED z >2 QUASAR HOST GALAXIES AND THE STAR FORMATION LAW FOR GALAXIES WITH LUMINOUS ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

We report the detection of luminous CO(J = 2→1), CO(J = 3→2), and CO(J = 4→3) emission in the strongly lensed high-redshift quasars B1938+666 (z = 2.059), HE 0230–2130 (z = 2.166), HE 1104–1805 (z = 2.322), and B1359+154 (z = 3.240), using the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy. B1938+666 was identified in a “blind” CO redshift search, demonstrating the feasibility of such investigations with millimeter interferometers. These galaxies are lensing-amplified by factors of μL ≃ 11–170, and thus allow us to probe the molecular gas in intrinsically fainter galaxies than currently possible without the aid of gravitational lensing. We report lensing-corrected intrinsic CO line luminosities of L′CO = 0.65–21×109 K km s–1 pc2, translating to H2 masses of M(H2) = 0.52–17 × 109 (αCO/0.8) M☉. To investigate whether or not the active galactic nucleus (AGN) in luminous quasars substantially contributes to LFIR, we study the L′CO–LFIR relation for quasars relative to galaxies without a luminous AGN as a function of redshift. We find no substantial differences between submillimeter galaxies and high-z quasars, but marginal evidence for an excess in LFIR in nearby low-LFIR AGN galaxies. This may suggest that an AGN contribution to LFIR is significant in systems with relatively low gas and dust content, but only minor in the most far-infrared-luminous galaxies (in which LFIR is dominated by star formation).
Dependence of level and phase of the (2f1−f2)‐cancellation tone on frequency range, frequency difference, level of primaries, and subject

From the comparison of competing methods, it is confirmed that the cancellation method yields meaningful and interpretable results. Using this method cancellation level and phase have been measured with up to six subjects as functions of the following variables: level L1 and L2 of the primaries, frequency difference Δf of the primaries, and frequency f1 of the lower primary for f1 = 540 and 1620 Hz, 4,8, and 10 kHz. For comparison with the literature additional data were obtained at f2 = 1 kHz. Using all the data several characteristic rules of the behavior of the cancellation tone can be extracted.