Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Rate of Orthodontic Tooth Movement with Different Modalities of Ligations

Purpose: This study was carried out to assess the effect of different types of ligatures on the rate of canine retraction. Materials and Methods: 14 participants requiring extraction of upper first premolars, were randomly assigned into 2 groups; group 1 had passive self-ligating bracket on the upper right canine, figure of 8 module ligature on the upper left canine and group 2 also had self-ligating bracket on the upper right canine, and slide-low friction elastic module on the left side. Canines retraction were done under 150 gm of force using a 9 mm nickel-titanium closed-coil spring . Alginate impression was taken at the onset of canine retraction(T0), and every month (T1T4). Study casts were fabricated and then scanned with a 3D scanner. Results: The statistical analysis showed no statistically significant difference in the rate of canine retraction between the 2 groups, and between the control and intervention sides within each group. Conclusion: The difference in rate of upper canine retraction between selfligation brackets, figure of 8 elastic module and slide –low friction ligature was not statistically significant.
Teaching Undergraduate Journalism Students Foreign Correspondence: Can It Be Done?

The University of Queensland has conducted five international field reporting courses in India and Vietnam since 2012,1 as well as three more courses based on similar work integrated learning principles (i.e., intensive, immersive and experiential) on campus at St Lucia in Brisbane during the same period. Previous research has found them to be valuable pedagogical innovations that have led to solid academic outcomes. The students themselves have also reported enjoying greater self-confidence, better reporting and technical skills, and increased employment prospects as a direct result of taking part in these courses. Some of that research is re-examined in this article but in a new light, given that the main focus here is on whether these courses in fact deliver on another important promise: to teach the core skills required of a foreign correspondent. To discover what those core skills might be, the researcher explored the extensive literature written by former and current correspondents about their experiences and their lessons learned. He also approached 12 former colleagues at the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), all of whom have been high profile international reporters, correspondents and producers, and invited them to offer their unstructured reflections on this question. These insights have then been filtered and assessed through the researcher’s own reflections of working as a foreign correspondent for the ABC in London between 1984 and 1987. The results are both encouraging and challenging. They suggest that while the students and their teachers are largely satisfied with the reporting, technical and personal skills that have been taught and learned, many correspondents consider that their core attributes include extensive experience in senior reporting roles prior to heading overseas, where the basic skills have been honed to the highest degree. That, of course, is something that no undergraduate could ever claim to have achieved.
ORTAOKUL ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN ÜSTBİLİŞSEL FARKINDALIKLARININ İNCELENMESİ

Bu calismanin amaci ortaokul ogrencilerinin ustbilissel farkindaliklarini incelemektir. Arastirmanin calisma grubunu 2014-2015 egitim ogretim yilinda Bursa’da bir ortaokulda bulunan 5. , 6. , 7. ve 8. siniflarinda ogrenim goren 448 ogrenci olusturmustur. Calismada nitel ve nicelin birlikte yer aldigi karma yontem kullanilmistir. Veri toplama araci Ustbilissel Farkindalik Olcegi kullanilmistir. Olcek bilisin duzenlenmesi ve bilis bilgisi olmak uzere iki boyuttan olusmaktadir. Arastirmada elde edilen verilerin cozumlenmesinde aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma, yuzde, t-testi ve tek yonlu varyans analizi (ANOVA) kullanilmistir. T-testi sonuclarina gore bilisin duzenlenmesi alt boyutundan alinan puan ortalamalarinin cinsiyete gore anlamli bir farklilik gostermedigi bulunmustur. Bilis bilgisi boyutunda kiz ogrencilerin ustbilissel farkindaliklarinin, erkek ogrencilere gore daha yuksek oldugu gorulmektedir. Bununla birlikte, ANOVA sonuclarina gore sinif duzeyi, ogrencilerin ustbilissel farkindaliklarini ‘bilisin duzenlenmesi’ ve ‘bilis bilgisi’ boyutlarindan etkilememektedir. Nitel analiz sonuclarina gore, ogrenciler konuyu en iyi dinleyerek ogrendiklerini, sorulan sorulari yanitlayabildiklerinde anladiklarini, konuyu anlamadiklarinda birilerine sorduklarini, ogrendiklerini sinavlarda basarili olmak icin kullandiklarini, zorlanmadan sorulari cozmelerinin bir degerlendirme bicimi oldugunu ifade etmislerdir. Elde edilen sonuclara gore ogrencilere ustbilissel farkindaliklarini belirleme yollari ogretilip, ogrenme ortamlarinin bunlara gore duzenlenmesi ve derslerde ustbilissel farkindaligi artirici etkinliklerin uygulanmasi onerilebilir
Corporate social responsibility and perceived fairness of price increases

Consumers care about the fairness of companies both in terms of corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement and the fairness of prices. However, the interplay between these domains is not yet well understood. Therefore, this study examines how consumers ’ perceptions of CSR engagement affect their perceived price fairness following a price increase. Drawing on cue ‐ utilization and expectancy disconfirmation theory, the authors propose that perceived CSR engagement exacerbates the negative effect of a price increase on perceived price fairness, because perceived CSR engagement increases consumers ’ price fairness expectations which are violated through price increases. These propositions are tested in three experimental studies with samples consisting of approximately 3000 customers of a global furniture manufacturer and retailer (Study 1), as well as participants acquired through a self ‐ administered online consumer panel (Study 2) and Prolific (Study 3). The experiments yield support for the hypothesized effects and reveal CSR skepticism as a critical boundary condition. The findings extend existing literature on the effects of perceived CSR engagement and pricing on consumer reactions by examining the role of perceived CSR engagement in shaping consumer reactions to price increases and by establishing consumers ’ price fairness expectations as the central psychological mechanism.
THE IMPACT OF STOCKING DENSITY AND LICORICE POWDER SPPLEMENTATION ON THE PRODUCTIVE STATE AND SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF LAYING HENS

The current work was conducted to reduce the negative effects of increasing stocking density by adding licorice powder to laying hen diets. Also, evaluate the impact of these treatments on productive and physiological performance of Inshas laying hens. A 3x3 factorial design experiment was performed including three stocking densities (6, 9 or 12 birds/m 2 ) with three dietary levels of licorice (0, 0.5 and 1.0 %). A total number of 216 hens of Inshas local strain at 44 weeks of age were randomly distributed into 9 treatment groups with two replicates and housed during the experimental period 44 -56 weeks of age in floor pens with dimensions of 2 × 2 m. The results indicated that increasing stock density to 12 birds/m 2 caused a significant reduction in most of productive performance, fertility and hatchability percentages and blood parameters. Meanwhile, reducing stock density to 6 and 9 birds /m 2 participated in avoiding the negative effect. However, the best results for the previous parameters were exhibited by stocking density at 9 birds / m 2 . Regardless stock density, addition of licorice significantly increased egg production, egg number, egg weight, egg mass and improved feed conversion but feed consumption was not affected. Also, there was significant improvement in fertility and hatchability percentages, egg quality traits (egg shell thickness, Haugh unit score and egg yolk color) and most of blood parameters due to licorice supplementation. The best results were obtained by adding licorice at level of 0.5 %. With regard to the interaction between stock density and licorice addition. It could be observed that, the highest egg production, egg weight, economic efficiency, the best feed conversion and the lowest feed consumption were recorded for hens received 0.5% licorice in their diet with stocking density of 9 birds / m 2 . In addition, the best blood parameter values and the lowest plasma total lipids and LDL concentrations were achieved by the same treatment (0.5% licorice with stocking density of 9 birds/m 2 ). In conclusion, from this study, it can be concluded that adding 0.5% licorice to laying hen diets with stocking density to 9 birds /m 2 was more efficient in improving the performance and economic efficiency increasing of Inshas laying hens.
Role of mTOR through Autophagy in Esophageal Cancer Stemness

Simple Summary Esophageal cancer (EC) is a highly aggressive disease with a poor prognosis, which seems related to esophageal cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), which reside in a hypoxic niche. We demonstrated, using EC cell lines and patient-derived organoids, that the hypoxia-responding mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) can suppress autophagy and stemness of esophageal CSCs. In addition, mTOR inhibitor Torin-1-mediated CSCs upregulation was significantly reduced in cells treated with autophagy inhibitor, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Collectively, our data suggest that autophagy may play a crucial role in mTOR-mediated CSCs repression. The mTOR pathway could be a novel therapeutic target for putative esophageal CSCs. Abstract Esophageal cancer (EC) is a highly aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. Therapy resistance and early recurrences are major obstacles in reaching a better outcome. Esophageal cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) seem tightly related with chemoradiation resistance, initiating new tumors and metastases. Several oncogenic pathways seem to be involved in the regulation of esophageal CSCs and might harbor novel therapeutic targets to eliminate CSCs. Previously, we identified a subpopulation of EC cells that express high levels of CD44 and low levels of CD24 (CD44+/CD24−), show CSC characteristics and reside in hypoxic niches. Here, we aim to clarify the role of the hypoxia-responding mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in esophageal CSCs. We showed that under a low-oxygen culture condition and nutrient deprivation, the CD44+/CD24− population is enriched. Since both low oxygen and nutrient deprivation may inhibit the mTOR pathway, we next chemically inhibited the mTOR pathway using Torin-1. Torin-1 upregulated SOX2 resulted in an enrichment of the CD44+/CD24− population and increased sphere formation potential. In contrast, stimulation of the mTOR pathway using MHY1485 induced the opposite effects. In addition, Torin-1 increased autophagic activity, while MHY1485 suppressed autophagy. Torin-1-mediated CSCs upregulation was significantly reduced in cells treated with autophagy inhibitor, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Finally, a clearly defined CD44+/CD24− CSC population was detected in EC patients-derived organoids (ec-PDOs) and here, MHY1485 also reduced this population. These data suggest that autophagy may play a crucial role in mTOR-mediated CSCs repression. Stimulation of the mTOR pathway might aid in the elimination of putative esophageal CSCs.
Sheep Farming Management Practices in Raichur District of Karnataka, India

The study highlights the socio-economic profi le of sheep rearing farmers in Raichur district of Karnataka, it is evident that, 38.33 per cent of the sheep farmers belonged to young age group, followed by primary school education (39.17%), large family size (54.16 %), sheep farming experience (50.83%), small land holding(2.51-5.00,acres), (46.67%), medium annual income (43.33 %), medium fl ock size (45.83%,), 56.67 per cent of the sheep farmers belonged to medium exposure to mass media, among the diff erent mass media exposure, majority of the sheep farmers possessed mobiles phones (79.16 %), sheep farmers had medium level of extension participation (56.66%), The data furnished that, more than half (50.83 %) of the sheep farmers belongs to medium level of scientifi c orientation, sheep farmers were belonged to high and medium risk orientation56.67 and 33.33 per cent respectively, medium level of economic orientation (41.67%), medium level of market orientation (46.67%), and 46.66 per cent of the sheep farmers were had medium level of Cosmopoliteness.
GLP-1 Mediates Regulation of Colonic ACE2 Expression by the Bile Acid Receptor GPBAR1 in Inflammation

Background & Aims: ACE2, a carboxypeptidase that generates Ang-(1-7) from Ang II, is highly expressed in the lung, small intestine and colon. GPBAR1, is a G protein bile acid receptor that promotes the release of the insulinotropic factor glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and attenuates intestinal inflammation. Methods: We investigated the expression of ACE2, GLP-1 and GPBAR1 in two cohorts of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients and three mouse models of colitis and Gpbar1−/− mice. Activation of GPBAR1 in these models and in vitro was achieved by BAR501, a selective GPBAR1 agonist. Results: In IBD patients, ACE2 mRNA expression was regulated in a site-specific manner in response to inflammation. While expression of ileal ACE2 mRNA was reduced, the colon expression was induced. Colon expression of ACE2 mRNA in IBD correlated with expression of TNF-α and GPBAR1. A positive correlation occurred between GCG and GPBAR1 in human samples and animal models of colitis. In these models, ACE2 mRNA expression was further upregulated by GPABR1 agonism and reversed by exendin-3, a GLP-1 receptor antagonist. In in vitro studies, liraglutide, a GLP-1 analogue, increased the expression of ACE2 in colon epithelial cells/macrophages co-cultures. Conclusions: ACE2 mRNA expression in the colon of IBD patients and rodent models of colitis is regulated in a TNF-α- and GLP-1-dependent manner. We have identified a GPBAR1/GLP-1 mechanism as a positive modulator of ACE2.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME CANDIDATE GENES IN PURE ‎‎EGYPTIAN BUFFALOES AND CROSSBRED OF ITALIAN ‎BUFFALOES

The goal of this work was to describe the sequences of some candidate genes (IGF-I, IGF-I receptor, and Leptin) that are associated with economically important quantitative aspects in dairy buffalo, such as reproductive and productive attributes, as well as milk composition. Ninety-nine dairy buffaloes were used to compare the pure Egyptian buffalo (PE) with the Egyptian–Italian crossbred G1 (25.0%), G2 (50.0%), G3 (62.5%), G4 (75.0%), G5 (87.5%), and G6 (94.0%), respectively. All buffaloes investigated were genotyped BB, which means they were negative for the SnaBI at position 224^225 (TAC^GTA) of the IGF-I regulatory region, and they were genotyped AA-positive for the IGF-I receptor TaqI at position 47^48 (T^CGA). They also tested positive for the leptin gene's Alu1 restriction site yielding three products with genotype GT that was 55-, 118-, and 205-bp in length (AG^CT). Finally, the PE and Egyptian-Italian crossbred demonstrate monomorphism since the two Bubaline populations are closely related and the genes in question are maintained. More research is needed to learn more about Egyptian-Italian buffalo crossbreeds before national crossbreeding initiatives may be expanded.
EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER AND COMPOST RATES ADDITION AT DIFFERENT DEPTHS ON THE STATUS OF SOME MACRO AND MICRONUTRIENTS IN SOIL AND PLANTS AND THE PRODUCTIVITY OF MAIZE AND BARLEY PLANTS

Field experiments were conducted on clay loam soil during the two successive seasons, summer season 2017 using maize plants ( Zea mays L .) and winter season (2017/2018) using barley plants ( Hordum vulgare L .) at El-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, El-Gharbia Governorate to evaluate the direct and residual effects of compost rates placed in 30 cm moles depth, arranged in parallel orientation with respect to one another and spaced at 3 m apart or placed on the surface soil layers besides the nitrogen fertilizer rates on availability of some soil macro and micronutrients and chemical composition of maize and barley plants, also the productivity of yield and yield components. The rates of compost were 0.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 ton fed. -1 , while the nitrogen rates were 0.0, 50, 75 and 100 % of the recommended dose for every growing crop. The experiments were conducted in split-split plot in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. All in available NPK in the two growing seasons. Soil extractable metals (Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu) were increased with all treatments in the two growing seasons. Concentration and uptake of (N, P, and K) and (Fe, Mn and Cu) maize and barley grains and straw were increased with all different treatments in the two seasons. The yield and yield of and to all - 102 compost fed -1 in 30 cm mole depth with 100% of the recommended dose for nitrogen fertilizer and get a markedly improvement in availability of macro and micronutrients to the plants. The highest grain yield of maize plants increased to 3.3787 ton fed -1 , also the highest grain and straw yields of barley plants increased to 2.9327 and 4.2013 ton fed -1 , respectively. Accumulation of micronutrients in plant biomass was within the normal range and did not produce depressing effects on crop yields.
Increased pre-dialysis extracellular to intracellular water ratio is associated with sarcopenia in hemodialysis patients.

OBJECTIVE To explore the association between fluid overload (FO) evaluated by a new FO indicator, the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) derived whole-body extracellular to intracellular water ratio (ECW/ICW) and sarcopenia in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. METHODS A multicenter, cross-sectional study included 3320 adult MHD patients was conducted in XX from June 1, 2020 to September 30, 2020. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was based on the Asian Working Group's definition of sarcopenia (AWGS). Multiple logistic regression models, stratified analyses and interactive analyses were conducted. RESULTS A total of 3196 participants were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 36.2% in the total population. Prevalence of sarcopenia was increased with increasing quartiles of ECW/ICW (18.1%, 33.3%, 37.8% and 55.4% for the first, second, third and fourth quartiles, respectively). Increased ECW/ICW was significantly associated with sarcopenia. The association remained statistically significant even after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, dialysis vintage, C-reactive protein (CRP) and various medical histories. The ORs were 2.11 (1.41,3.14), 1.83 (1.22,2.76) and 3.45 (2.21,5.39) for ECW/ICW quartiles 2-4, respectively (P for trend＜0.001). The interaction analysis showed that history of diabetes had an interactive role in the association between ECW/ICW and sarcopenia (P for interaction = 0.034). The association stably existed across subgroups and was more prominent in older patients, those with higher BMI and a history of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Elevated ECW/ICW was associated with increased sarcopenia risk independent of BMI, prealbumin, CRP and other potential confounders in MHD patients. The association was more prominent in older patients and those with higher BMI and a history of diabetes, suggesting that controlling volume balance may help to reduce the occurrence of sarcopenia in these populations.
AN EFFICIENT IN VITRO CULTURE PROTOCOL OF STEVIA PLANTS (STEVIA REBAUDIANA BERTONI VAR. CHAINE.2) WITH CYTOGENETICAL STUDIES

Stevia plants (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) became an economically important medicinal plant act as a sugar substitute for diabetic and obese people in many countries. In Egypt, we faced a shortage in sugar production and no more available water for irrigation of sugarcane or sugar beet crops. Stevia, a non-caloric sweetener, is being many times sweeter than sucrose also is required less water. Stevia has difficulties in propagation and improvement through seeds and vegetative methods, so in vitro biotechnology is the protocol has been an efficient alternative for propagation and improvement this plant. Leaf segments as the best explants were used in the present work to in vitro culture of stevia. For surface sterilization, the best exposure time and the combination were found that mercuric chloride )0.1%( for 2 minutes, ethanol )70%( for a one minute, and sodium hypochlorite solution (commercial Clorox ® ) (15%( for 15 min. Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with a wide range of concentration and combination of plant growth regulators (PGR) were tested. MS medium containing 1.0 mg/l 2, 4-D (2,4 Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) + 1.0 mg/l NAA (Naphthalene acetic acid) was the highest and significant callus induction percentage (96c/o). However, the narrow range was observed for plant regeneration (1.8 – 3.6 plantlets/callus) as Ahmed K. Z. et al., 2018 94 well as plantlet length (1.176 – 3.370 cm). A significant variation was observed for leaves number/regenerated plantlet (3.20 to 6.14). MS medium contains 1.8 mg /l BAP (Benzyl amino purine) + 0.12 mg /l NAA resulted the highest regenerated plantlets/callus (3.600). Healthy rooted plants were obtained and transferred to pots for ex vitro hardiness under controlled environmental conditions. The effects of callus induction medium on the activity of mitotic cell division and their mitotic index were evaluated. Wide range and significant variation were observed among mitotic phases and mitotic indexes (MI) grown on different tested MS media. Stevia calli were grown on MS medium + 2.0 mg/l NAA exhibited the highest MI value (9.82%) with a significant difference with all other six used media. Calli cells at metaphase were showed the normal chromosome number 2n=22.
Complex Study of Magnetization Reversal Mechanisms of FeNi/FeMn Bilayers Depending on Growth Conditions

Magnetization reversal processes in the NiFe/FeMn exchange biased structures with various antiferromagnetic layer thicknesses (0–50 nm) and glass substrate temperatures (17–600 °C) during deposition were investigated in detail. Magnetic measurements were performed in the temperature range from 80 K up to 300 K. Hysteresis loop asymmetry was found at temperatures lower than 150 K for the samples with an antiferromagnetic layer thickness of more than 10 nm. The average grain size of FeMn was found to increase with the AFM layer increase, and to decrease with the substrate temperature increase. Hysteresis loop asymmetry was explained in terms of the exchange spring model in the antiferromagnetic layer.