Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mrk 71/NGC 2366: The Nearest Green Pea Analog

We present the remarkable discovery that the dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 2366 is an excellent analog of the Green Pea (GP) galaxies, which are characterized by extremely high ionization parameters. The similarities are driven predominantly by the giant H ii region Markarian 71 (Mrk 71). We compare the system with GPs in terms of morphology, excitation properties, specific star-formation rate, kinematics, absorption of low-ionization species, reddening, and chemical abundance, and find consistencies throughout. Since extreme GPs are associated with both candidate and confirmed Lyman continuum (LyC) emitters, Mrk 71/NGC 2366 is thus also a good candidate for LyC escape. The spatially resolved data for this object show a superbubble blowout generated by mechanical feedback from one of its two super star clusters (SSCs), Knot B, while the extreme ionization properties are driven by the ≲1 Myr-old, enshrouded SSC Knot A, which has ∼10 times higher ionizing luminosity. Very massive stars (>100 M⊙) may be present in this remarkable object. Ionization-parameter mapping indicates that the blowout region is optically thin in the LyC, and the general properties also suggest LyC escape in the line of sight. Mrk 71/NGC 2366 does differ from GPs in that it is one to two orders of magnitude less luminous. The presence of this faint GP analog and candidate LyC emitter (LCE) so close to us suggests that LCEs may be numerous and commonplace, and therefore could significantly contribute to the cosmic ionizing budget. Mrk 71/NGC 2366 offers an unprecedentedly detailed look at the viscera of a candidate LCE, and could clarify the mechanisms of LyC escape.
Familial Factors Associated With Symptom Severity in Children and Adolescents With ADHD: A Meta-Analysis and Supplemental Review

Objective: Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of ADHD, but associations between risk factors and ADHD symptom severity in affected children remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizes evidence on the association between familial factors and symptom severity in children with ADHD (PROSPERO CRD42020076440). Method: PubMed and PsycINFO were searched for eligible studies. Results: Forty-three studies (N = 11,123 participants) were meta-analyzed. Five additional studies (N = 2,643 participants) were considered in the supplemental review. Parenting stress (r = .25), negative parenting practices (r = .19), broken parental partnership (r = .19), critical life events (r = .17), parental psychopathologies (r = .14–.16), socioeconomic status (r = −.10), and single-parent family (r = .10) were significantly associated with ADHD symptom severity. Conclusion: These results suggest that psychosocial familial factors show small but significant associations with symptom severity in children with ADHD. Implications are discussed.
Quantum turbulence generated by moving grids

We present experimental results on quantum grid turbulence produced by moving grids within superfluid 4He, both at millikelvin temperatures, with an oscillating grid, and at temperatures above 1.4 K with a linearly moving grid. Floppy devices were used at millikelvin temperatures to produce quantum turbulence. We investigated the frequency dependence of the turbulent drag on an oscillating grid. At high velocities, the turbulent drag is independent of frequency and similar to what was measured in liquid helium-4 in its normal phase. We also present measurements of the inertial drag coefficient for grid turbulence, which is significantly reduced by turbulence produced in both superfluid and normal fluid 4He. To produce (approximate) homogeneous and isotropic grid turbulence in a quantum liquid, with little to no extraneous heating in the fluid, a new linear ‘control motor‘ has been designed and tested. The motor consists of a drive coil, surrounded by three control coils. A linear current ramp is passed through the drive coil, which lifts a superconducting armature placed in the centre of the solenoid. The control coils are designed, when a steady DC current is applied to them, to have constant magnetic field derivative. The control motor performs adequately, having smooth motions with no oscillations, and with peak velocities up to approximately 30 cm/s. The velocity is not, however, very uniform during the motion of the motor. Decaying turbulence is investigated using the attenuation of second sound. We produce turbulence inside a short channel totally submersedin liquid helium-II. The turbulence is produced by a superconducting, magnetically levitated linear motor, with a grid attached to the top of the armature. The theory applied, for calculating vortex line density decay from second sound attenuation, is taken from Stalp, S. (1998) Decay of Grid Turbulence in Superfluid Helium. Ph.D. Thesis. We investigate the effects of different grid meshes on the vorticity decay curve, in particular the time at which the turbulence becomes saturated. We present comparisons of three separate meshes. We observe a shorter saturation time, and therefore a longer inertial regime with a t−3/2 dependence, for the turbulent decay produced by the smallest mesh grid. It has been suggested elsewhere that there is a t−11/10 dependence at early times in the vorticity decay curves, we observe no such dependence. Finally, we present measurements of the effective kinematic viscosity, and saturation time and their dependence on grid mesh size.
Social and contextual influences on eating pathology in transgender and nonbinary adults

ABSTRACT Eating pathology (EP) is reported at alarmingly high rates among transgender and nonbinary (TNB) people. The present study investigates key associations between experiences that are common in TNB populations and EP. TNB individuals located within the United States (N = 212) who self-identified as currently experiencing disordered eating or an eating disorder were recruited from social media outlets and completed an online survey that included measures of EP, discrimination-based trauma symptoms, internalized transphobia, and gender dysphoria. The average age of participants was just over 27 years old (SD = 6.22) and the majority of participants (68.9%) were nonbinary. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 28 and PROCESS 4.0. Discrimination trauma [β = . 27, t(211) = 3.90, p < . 001] and internalized transphobia [β = . 21, t(211) = 3.03, p = . 003] were significant predictors of EP in a multiple regression model. Additionally, internalized transphobia partially mediated the association between discrimination trauma and EP. Findings reinforce the need for trauma-informed and multiculturally competent provision of services for TNB populations presenting with eating concerns. Results also highlight the complex role that previously unexplored variables play in the etiology of EP for TNB populations. Implications and clinical recommendations are discussed.
Enhanced heavy-element formation in baryon-inhomogeneous big bang models

Author(s): Jedamzik, K; Fuller, GM; Mathews, GJ; Kajino, T | Abstract: We show that primordial nucleosynthesis in baryon-inhomogeneous big-bang models can lead to significant heavy-element production while still satisfying all of the light-element abundance constraints including the low lithium abundance observed in Population II stars. The parameters which admit this solution arise naturally from the process of neutrino-induced expansion of baryon inhomogeneities prior to the epoch of nucleosynthesis. These solutions entail a small fraction of baryons (≲2%) in very high density regions with local baryon to photon ratio ηh ≃ 10-4, while most baryons are at a baryon-to-photon ratio which optimizes the agreement with light-element abundances. This model would imply a unique signature of baryon inhomogeneities in the early universe, evidenced by the existence of primordial material containing heavy-element products of proton and alpha-burning reactions with an abundance of [Z] ∼ -6 to -4.
Physiological impact of load carriage exercise: Current understanding and future research directions

Load carriage (LC) refers to the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and/or load‐bearing apparatus that is mostly worn over the thoracic cavity. A commonplace task across various physically demanding occupational groups, the mass being carried during LC duties can approach the wearer's body mass. When compared to unloaded exercise, LC imposes additional physiological stress that negatively impacts the respiratory system by restricting chest wall movement and altering ventilatory mechanics as well as circulatory responses. Consequently, LC activities accelerate the development of fatigue in the respiratory muscles and reduce exercise performance in occupational tasks. Therefore, understanding the implications of LC and the effects specific factors have on physiological capacities during LC activity are important to the implementation of effective mitigation strategies to ameliorate the detrimental effects of thoracic LC. Accordingly, this review highlights the current physiological understanding of LC activities and outlines the knowledge and efficacy of current interventions and research that have attempted to improve LC performance, whilst also highlighting pertinent knowledge gaps that must be explored via future research activities.
A Synthetic Sample of Short-cadence Solar-like Oscillators for TESS

NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has begun a two-year survey of most of the sky, which will include light curves for thousands of solar-like oscillators sampled at a cadence of two minutes. To prepare for this steady stream of data, we present a mock catalog of light curves, designed to realistically mimic the properties of the TESS sample. In the process, we also present the first public release of the asteroFLAG Artificial DataSet Generator, which simulates light curves of solar-like oscillators based on input mode properties. The targets are drawn from a simulation of the Milky Way’s populations and are selected in the same way as TESS’s true Asteroseismic Target List. The light curves are produced by combining stellar models, pulsation calculations and semi-empirical models of solar-like oscillators. We describe the details of the catalog and provide several examples. We provide pristine light curves to which noise can be added easily. This mock catalog will be valuable in testing asteroseismology pipelines for TESS and our methods can be applied in preparation and planning for other observatories and observing campaigns.
The impact of black hole seeding in cosmological simulations

Parts of this research were supported by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D), through project number CE170100013. CF gratefully acknowledges funding provided by the Australian Research Council’s Discovery Projects (grants DP150104329, DP170100603, and FT180100495) and the Australia-Germany Joint Research Cooperation Scheme (UA/DAAD).
UNIVERSAL STRUCTURE OF THE EDGE STATES OF THE FRACTIONAL QUANTUM HALL STATES

We present an effective theory for the bulk fractional quantum Hall states on the Jain sequences on closed surfaces and show that it has a universal form whose structure does not change from fraction to fraction. The structure of this effective theory follows from the condition of global consistency of the flux attachment transformation on closed surfaces. We derive the theory of the edge states on a disk that follows naturally from this globally consistent theory on a torus. We find that, for a fully polarized two-dimensional electron gas, the edge states for all the Jain filling fractions $\nu=p/(2np+1)$ have only one propagating edge field that carries both energy and charge, and two non-propagating edge fields of topological origin that are responsible for the statistics of the excitations. Explicit results are derived for the electron and quasiparticle operators and for their propagators at the edge. We show that these operators create states with the correct charge and statistics. It is found that the tunneling density of states for all the Jain states scales with frequency as $|\omega|^{(1-\nu)/\nu}$.
Depression and anxiety symptoms among Arab/Middle Eastern American college students: Modifying roles of religiosity and discrimination

Introduction We examine mental health outcomes in a national sample of Arab/Middle Eastern college students using the Healthy Minds Study (HMS) from 2015–2018 and assess the modifying roles of religion and discrimination. Methods HMS is an annual web-based survey administered to random samples of undergraduate and graduate students at participating colleges and universities. A total of 2,494 Arab/Middle Eastern and 84,423 white students were included in our sample. Our primary outcomes of depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale, respectively. Survey-weighted logistic regression models were fit for each outcome using an Arab ethnicity indicator. Effect modification by religiosity and discrimination was examined by adding an interaction term to the model. Results Odds of depression (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.57) and anxiety (AOR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.60) were higher for Arab/Middle Eastern students than for white students. For Arab/Middle Eastern students, religiosity was a protective factor for both depression (AOR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.90) and anxiety (AOR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.97). Arab/Middle Eastern students who experienced discrimination had higher odds of depression (AOR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.28, 1.56) and anxiety (AOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.36, 1.65) than those who had not. Discussion Arab/Middle Eastern American college students are a vulnerable subgroup on college campuses experiencing a high burden of depression and anxiety symptoms which are dampened by religiosity and amplified by discrimination.
Circadian stage-dependent and stimulation duration effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on heart rate variability

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) can improve autonomic nerve function and is currently undergoing extensive clinical research; however, its efficacy heterogeneity has caused great controversy. Heart rate variability (HRV), a biomarker reflecting autonomic function, exhibits a time-varying pattern with circadian rhythms, which may be the main reason for the inconsistent stimulation effects. To test this conjecture, we performed isochronous acute stimulation experiments at intervals of 12 h. The results showed that HRV indicators representing vagal nerve activity significantly increased when stimulation was performed in the morning, and the enhancement of high frequency continued into the recovery period. However, the evening stimulation did not yield similar results. In addition, we found that improvements in the measures of autonomic balance were more pronounced in the presence of lower vagal activity. By increasing the stimulation duration, we also found that the effect of taVNS on HRV was not regulated by duration; in other words, HRV changes only had the best effect at the beginning of stimulation. These studies allowed us to determine the optimal stimulation phase and duration and potentially screen the optimal candidates for taVNS.
Venous Thromboembolism Chemoprophylaxis in Knee Arthroscopy: A Break-Even Analysis of Cost

Background: Symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious and costly complication after knee arthroscopy. There continues to be debate regarding the use of VTE prophylaxis after knee arthroscopy, and minimal research has explored its cost-effectiveness. Hypothesis: Both aspirin and enoxaparin would be cost-effective in preventing symptomatic VTE. Study Design: Economic and decision analysis; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The literature was searched and the TriNetX research database was queried to determine a range of initial rates of VTE. An open-access retail database was used to determine the mean retail price for aspirin (325 mg) and enoxaparin (30 mg and 40 mg). Our institutional records were used to determine the cost of treating VTE. A “break-even” analysis was then performed to determine the absolute risk reduction necessary to make these drugs cost-effective. This value was then used to calculate the number of patients who would need to be treated (NNT) to prevent a single VTE while still breaking even on cost. Results: The cost of treating VTE was $9407 (US Dollars). Aspirin (325 mg), enoxaparin (30 mg), and enoxaparin (40 mg) were found to cost $1.86, $188.72, and $99.99, respectively. The low, TriNetX, and high rates of VTE were 0.34%, 0.86%, and 10.9%, respectively. Aspirin was cost-effective at all 3 rates if the initial rate decreased by 0.02% (NNT = 5058). Both formulations of enoxaparin were cost-effective at the high initial rate if they decreased by 2.01% (NNT = 50) and 1.06% (NNT = 94), respectively. However, at the low and TriNetX rates, the 2 doses of enoxaparin were not cost-effective because their final break-even rate exceeded the initial VTE rate. Conclusion: Aspirin and, in some cases, enoxaparin are cost-effective treatments for VTE prophylaxis after knee arthroscopy.
Thinking, fast and slow on the autism spectrum

The Dual Process Theory of Autism proposes that autistic individuals demonstrate greater deliberative (slower) processing alongside reduced (faster) intuitive processing. This study manipulated the reasoning time available to investigate the extent to which deliberative and intuitive processing are sensitive to time context in autism. A total of 74 young autistic people and 132 control participants completed the Cognitive Reflection Test to measure intuition and deliberation, with responses being either speeded (fast condition) or delayed (slow condition). The autistic group produced more deliberative and less intuitive responses than controls overall. Both groups showed more intuitive responses in the fast condition and more deliberative responses in the slow condition, demonstrating the reasoning style in autism is sensitive to context. Lay abstract What is already known about the topic Daniel Kahneman wrote a highly influential book titled ‘thinking, fast and slow’. He proposes that people usually think in a rapid, automatic, intuitive style. When people realise their intuitive thinking may be wrong, a slower, effortful, deliberative style of thinking takes over. It has recently been proposed that thinking in autistic individuals can be characterised as usually thinking in the deliberative style (rather than the intuitive style that non-autistic people usually think in). What this paper adds As intuitive thinking is fast and deliberative thinking is slow, this research manipulated the time available to complete a series of reasoning questions. These questions have been developed to have intuitive answers (which are incorrect) and deliberative answers (which are correct). For the first time, a fast time manipulation (you must answer quickly) and slow (you must think about your answer before responding) was undertaken with autistic individuals. Autistic participants did produce more deliberative answers than the non-autistic participants. However, both groups produced comparably more intuitive answers and less deliberative answers in the fast condition. This shows that while autistic people tend not to use their intuition, autistic people can be encouraged to use their intuition. Implications for practice, research or policy Using rapid intuition can be useful in fast-changing contexts, such as some social situations. Future research can explore how to support autistic individuals to use their intuition when the need arises. In addition, the propensity for deliberation resulting in unbiased, correct responses reflects a strengths-based account of autism. This requires more mental effort and is less susceptible to bias and errors. This is called ‘Dual Process Theory’.
Glycemic Index Versus Wheat Fiber on Arterial Wall Damage in Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVE High cereal fiber and low-glycemic index (GI) diets are associated with reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in cohort studies. Clinical trial evidence on event incidence is lacking. Therefore, to make trial outcomes more directly relevant to CVD, we compared the effect on carotid plaque development in diabetes of a low-GI diet versus a whole-grain wheat-fiber diet. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study randomized 169 men and women with well-controlled type 2 diabetes to counseling on a low GI-diet or whole-grain wheat-fiber diet for 3 years. Change in carotid vessel wall volume (VWV) (prespecified primary end point) was assessed by MRI as an indication of arterial damage. RESULTS Of 169 randomized participants, 134 completed the study. No treatment differences were seen in VWV. However, on the whole-grain wheat-fiber diet, VWV increased significantly from baseline, 23 mm3 (95% CI 4, 41; P = 0.016), but not on the low-GI diet, 8 mm3 (95% CI −10, 26; P = 0.381). The low-GI diet resulted in preservation of renal function, as estimated glomerular filtration rate, compared with the reduction following the wheat-fiber diet. HbA1c was modestly reduced over the first 9 months in the intention-to-treat analysis and extended with greater compliance to 15 months in the per-protocol analysis. CONCLUSIONS Since the low-GI diet was similar to the whole-grain wheat-fiber diet recommended for cardiovascular risk reduction, the low-GI diet may also be effective for CVD risk reduction.
Oral combined contraceptives induce liver mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and whole‐body metabolic adaptations in female mice

Compared to age‐matched men, pre‐menopausal women show greater resilience against cardiovascular disease (CVD), hepatic steatosis, diabetes and obesity – findings that are widely attributed to oestrogen. However, meta‐analysis data suggest that current use of oral combined contraceptives (OC) is a risk factor for myocardial infarction, and OC use further compounds with metabolic disease risk factors to increase CVD susceptibility. While mitochondrial function in tissues such as the liver and skeletal muscle is an emerging mechanism by which oestrogen may confer its protection, effects of OC use on mitochondria and metabolism in the context of disease risk remain unexplored. To answer this question, female C57Bl/6J mice were fed a high fat diet and treated with vehicle or OCs for 3, 12 or 20 weeks (n = 6 to 12 per group) at a dose and ratio that mimic the human condition of cycle cessation in the low oestrogen, high progesterone stage. Liver and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function (respiratory capacity, H2O2, coupling) was measured along with clinical outcomes of cardiometabolic disease such as obesity, glucose tolerance, hepatic steatosis and aortic atherosclerosis. The main findings indicate that regardless of treatment duration, OCs robustly increase hepatic mitochondrial H2O2 levels, likely due to diminished antioxidant capacity, but have no impact on muscle mitochondrial H2O2. Furthermore, OC‐treated mice had lower adiposity and hepatic triglyceride content compared to control mice despite reduced wheel running, spontaneous physical activity and total energy expenditure. Together, these studies describe tissue‐specific effects of OC use on mitochondria as well as variable impacts on markers of metabolic disease susceptibility.