Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INCIPIENT MELTING OF MANTLE PERIDOTITES OBSERVED IN THE HOROMAN AND NIKANBETSU PERIDOTITE COMPLEXES, HOKKAIDO, NORTHERN JAPAN

Plagioclase lherzolite from the Horoman complex, Hokkaido, Japan, contains four types of plagioclase, seam type, inclusion type, isolated type and vein type, with different mode of occurrence and texture. The occurrence of each type is systematically related to the lithostratigraphy of the complex, most typically represented by the contrast between the Lower and Upper Zone, and is mostly due to the continuous spatial change in P-T history suggesting a diapiric structure for the complex. The seam type plagioclase commonly occurs as one of minerals forming seam like fine-grained aggregates that are divided into two sub-types: clinopyroxene-free seam and clinopyroxene-bearing seam. Clinopyroxene-free seams are common in the Lower Zone (cooler marginal zone of the diapir) and are inferred to have been formed by the subsolidus reaction among spinel and pyroxenes, which were originated from garnet and olivine. The bleb-like inclusions of sodic plagioclase associated with quartz, orthopyroxene, and Ti -pargasite only occur in the middle of the Lower Zone, and are inferred to represent an incipient partial melt formed and trapped in clinopyroxene. Seams containing a certain amount of clinopyroxene, isolated plagioclase grains, and sodic plagioclase-rich veins fringed by orthopyroxene are commonly occur in the Upper Zone (hotter central zone of the diapir). They indicate that a significant extent of partial melting took place in this zone. The veins may correspond to fractures, toward which incipient partial melt was segregated and crystallized. The contrasts between the two zones demonstrate that partial melting of plagioclase lherzolite was extensive to permit segregation of the partial melt into fractures in the Upper Zone, but that the melting and segregation was fairly limited in the Lower Zone. In the Nikanbetsu complex, segregation veins are frequently observed forming a network, which is interpreted to be a more advanced stage of partial melting associated with melt segregation than that presumed for the Upper Zone of the Horoman complex.
Oregano Essential Oil versus Conventional Disinfectants against Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 Biofilms and Damage to Stainless-Steel Surfaces

This study compared the effect of oregano essential oil versus sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, and benzalkonium chloride against the viability of adhered Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on 304 stainless steel. Oregano essential oil was effective in disrupting the biofilms of both bacteria at concentrations ranging from 0.15 to 0.52 mg mL−1. In addition, damage to stainless-steel surfaces following disinfection treatments was assessed by weight loss analysis and via visual inspection using light microscopy. Compared to the other treatments, oregano oil caused the least damage to stainless steel (~0.001% weight loss), whereas sodium hypochlorite caused the most severe damage (0.00817% weight loss) when applied at 0.5 mg mL−1. Moreover, oregano oil also had an apparent protective impact on the stainless steel as weight losses were less than for the control surfaces (distilled water only). On the other hand, sodium hypochlorite caused the most severe damage to stainless steel (0.00817% weight loss). In conclusion, oregano oil eliminated monoculture biofilms of two important foodborne pathogens on 304 stainless-steel surfaces, while at the same time minimizing damage to the surfaces compared with conventional disinfectant treatments.
Toward an Astrophysical Theory of Chondrites

The chondrules, calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs), and rims in chondritic meteorites could be formed when solid bodies are lifted by the aerodynamic drag of a magnetocentrifugally driven wind out of the relative cool of a shaded disk close to the star into the heat of direct sunlight. For reasonable self-consistent parameters of the bipolar outflow, the base and peak temperatures reached by solid bodies resemble those needed to melt CAIs and chondrules. The process also yields a natural sorting mechanism that explains the size distribution of CAIs and chondrules, as well as their fine-grained and coarse-grained rims. After reentry at great distances from the original launch radius, the CAIs, chondrules, and their rims would be compacted with the ambient nebular dust comprising the matrices, forming the observed chondritic bodies.
Unlocking the interaction of social restriction and social protection in Indonesia’s COVID-19 policy: future risk and adaptation

ABSTRACT The Indonesian government has issued hundreds of regulations and policies to deal with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. These various policies and regulations assess how a government responds, mitigates, and prevents systemic crises in its country. These decisions- and policy-making processes are largely determined by the country’s unique socioeconomic and political landscape. This paper reviewed 875 regulations issued by the Indonesian government at the national level in 2020–2022 to determine which policies have the most direct social, economic, and health impact on the Indonesian population. We highlight social protection to explore the challenges and opportunities to respond future risk by taking benefit from progressive effort of the Indonesian government to protect all Indonesian populations with the priority of the most vulnerable groups. This paper aims to map out government policies and regulations in handling the pandemic and exploring the potential opportunities for adaptation to respond future risk. The study is based on expert group discussion and policy mapping. As one of the findings of the investigation, this paper discusses the interaction between large-scale and micro-scale social restriction and social protection policies, which are considered the foremost solutions for handling Indonesia’s more severe economic crisis and facing current and future risks, including climate change impact. While social protection is one of the massive strategies to relieve economic impact to the most affected group, effectiveness and success are still challenges concerning data. This paper also provides important notes regarding climate change adaptation and how the government must respond to future risks.
Design of Plant-Based Food: Influences of Macronutrients and Amino Acid Composition on the Techno-Functional Properties of Legume Proteins

Imitating animal-based products using vegetable proteins is a technological challenge that can be mastered based on their techno-functional properties. These properties of legume proteins can be influenced by multiple factors, among which the macronutrients and amino acid contents play an important role. Therefore, the question arises as to what extent the techno-functional properties are related to these factors. The water- and oil-holding capacities and the emulsion and foaming properties of commercially available legume protein powders were analyzed. Correlations between macronutrient, amino acid content, steric structure, and techno-functional properties were conducted. However, the protein concentration is the focus of techno-functional properties, as well as the type of protein and the interaction with the non-protein ingredients. The type of protein is not always quantified by the quantity of amino acids or by their spatial arrangement. In this study, the effects of the three-dimensional structure were observed by the used purification method, which overshadow the influencing factors of the macronutrients and amino acid content. In summary, both the macronutrient and amino acid contents of legume proteins provide a rough indication but not a comprehensive statement about their techno-functional properties and classification in an adequate product context.
The Effect of Music Therapy on Declining Anxiety of Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: Literature Review

Introduction: Chronic disease in the presence of abnormal cells that grow faster than the normal limits of cells in general with the most commonly used medical treatment being chemotherapy. Chemotherapy treatment has several side effects, one of which is anxiety. However, there is one non-pharmacological therapy that can be applied to reduce the feeling of anxiety, namely music therapy. The purpose of writing this literature review is to identify the effectiveness of music therapy against decreased anxiety in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Method: The method used in writing is a literature review in the form of a literature review obtained from the PubMed, Google Scholar and Springerlink databases. After going through the selection stage using the Critical Appraisal Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), 11 journals were obtained, 7 of which used randomized control and 4 journals used trial quasy experimental studie. Result: The results of the literature review showed that music therapy to reduce anxiety while undergoing chemotherapy uses various types of duration, namely most of them do music therapy as much as 30 minutes per session, done 2-3 times a week and carried out for 64 weeks. The average instrument used is the State Trait Anxiety Inventory with an assessment of 5.4 - 24.58 Conclusion: From the results of the literature review, it is hoped that nurses and families can apply music therapy interventions to cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Validating backscatter models for CARABAS SAR images of coniferous forests

This paper describes a quantitative comparison of previously developed models for the relationship between CARABAS VHF-band SAR measurements and coniferous forest parameters. On level ground, four models of the backscatter have been studied. For stem volume retrieval, we propose using the normalized backscatter amplitude or the square root of the backscattering coefficient rather than the backscattering coefficient. The normalized backscatter amplitude and the square root of the backscattering coefficient show high correlation with stem volume over the investigated range. In addition, the standard deviation of multiple images of these two measures was found to be independent of the stem volume. For single-image retrievals, the estimated standard deviation in stem volume varies from 32 to 74 m3·ha-1 for forest on level ground, with stem volume ranging from 100 to 600 m3·ha-1. The precision is improved when multiple images with different headings are averaged, since the noise is statistically random between images. On sloping ground, the observed variations in backscatter of images with different headings are larger than those on level ground because the backscatter is affected by the topography. In previous work a model has been derived to describe the effect of a sloping ground plane on backscatter but was not validated due to lack of data. In this paper, 10 CARABAS images acquired from different directions are used to show that the model provides an adequate description of the effects of topography, i.e., the variations in backscatter that remain after using the model are equal to those observed on level ground.
Laboratory velocities and attenuation of P-waves in limestones during freeze-thaw cycles

The velocity and the attenuation of compressional P-waves, measured in the laboratory at ultrasonic frequencies during a series of freezing and thawing cycles, are used as a method for predicting frost damage in a bedded limestone. Pulse transmission and spectral ratio techniques are used to determine the P-wave velocities and the attenuation values relative to an aluminum reference sample with very low attenuation. Limestone samples were water saturated under vacuum conditions, jacketed with rubber sleeves, and immersed in an antifreeze bath (50 percent methanol solution). They were submitted to repeated 24-hour freezing and thawing cycles simulating natural environment conditions. During the freeze/ thaw cycles, P-wave velocities and quality factor Q diminished rapidly in thawed rock samples, indicating modification of the pore space. Measurements of crack porosity were conducted by hydrostatic compression tests on cubic rock samples that had been submitted to these freeze/thaw cycles. These measurements are used as an index of crack formation. The hydrostatic compression tests confirmed the phases of rock damage that were shown by changes in the value of Q. Furthermore, comparisons between Q values and crack porosity demonstrated that the variations of P-wave attenuation are caused by the creation of new cracks and not by the enlargement of pre-existing cracks.
Automated Messaging Delivered Alongside Behavioral Treatment for Weight Loss: Qualitative Study

Background Mobile health interventions for weight loss frequently use automated messaging. However, this intervention modality appears to have limited weight loss efficacy. Furthermore, data on users’ subjective experiences while receiving automated messaging–based interventions for weight loss are scarce, especially for more advanced messaging systems providing users with individually tailored, data-informed feedback. Objective The purpose of this study was to characterize the experiences of individuals with overweight or obesity who received automated messages for 6-12 months as part of a behavioral weight loss trial. Methods Participants (n=40) provided Likert-scale ratings of messaging acceptability and completed a structured qualitative interview (n=39) focused on their experiences with the messaging system and generating suggestions for improvement. Interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Participants found the messages most useful for summarizing goal progress and least useful for suggesting new behavioral strategies. Overall message acceptability was moderate (2.67 out of 5). From the interviews, 2 meta-themes emerged. Participants indicated that although the messages provided useful reminders of intervention goals and skills, they did not adequately capture their lived experiences while losing weight. Conclusions Many participants found the automated messages insufficiently tailored to their personal weight loss experiences. Future studies should explore alternative methods for message tailoring (eg, allowing for a higher degree of participant input and interactivity) that may boost treatment engagement and efficacy. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05231824; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05231824
Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity assay of Cardamom-based nutraceuticals in comparison with 1,8 -Cineol

Aim: To investigate anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic effects and viability of Recovereez- 51% 1,8-Cineol and 1,8-Cineol (natural), and to determine safety for both of the compounds and its use in new product range of nutraceuticals. Methodology: Cell line was divided into two groups; one was treated with Recovereez(R) and another one with 1,8-Cineol(C). The ELISA assay method was used to measure the COX, LOX, MPO, NO, and nitrate levels. Cellular viability was performed by observing cells under the inverted phase contrast microscope, followed by MTT assay. Results: R&C showed a reduction in levels of inflammatory markers such as IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, LOX, MPO, COX, iNOS, and nitrate levels. The inhibition as observed in the levels of COX and LOX enzymes were 65%±0.1 and 59%±0.3µg/ml, and 72%±0.3 and 67%±0. 4µg/ml for R&C, respectively. iNOS production showed inhibition by 70%±0.3 and 65%±0. 8µg/ml and NO production were reduced by 193 and 209. 5µg/ml by R&C, respectively. Again, there was a decrease in the activity of MPO by 0.35 and 0.39U/ml for R&C, respectively. The results were significant with p<0.001 compared to the Diclofenac sodium. Cell viability of 60% was observed upon treating L929 cells with R&C. Conclusion: R&C exerted an anti-inflammatory effect on RAW 264.7 cells without exerting cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, Recovereez could be used as an alternative treatment or to prevent inflammatory diseases. Moreover, R&C are expected to treat different types of cancer. The findings could potentially lead to the discovery of safe and effective bioactive compounds that can prevent or cure the occurrence of cancerous cells. Keywords: dietary supplements, nutraceutical, COX, anti-inflammation, cancer
The potential of reducing nitrogen fertilizer rates using a soyabean-sugarcane production system in the South Eastern Lowveld of Zimbabwe

Monoculture is common in sugarcane production throughout the world and leads to decline in yields and soil fertility and build up of pests and diseases. Legumes have been shown as potential crops that break the monoculture cycles in several crops. Farmers can reduce nitrogen fertilizer requirements to the subsequent sugarcane crop when soyabean (Glysine max (L.) Merr) is used as a fallow crop. Field studies were conducted from 2004 to 2005 on nitrogen depleted sandy loam soils at the Zimbabwe Sugar Experiment Station in the South East Lowveld of Zimbabwe. The objectives of the study were to determine nitrogen fixed by soyabeans at various growth stages, determine nitrogen in the foliar of subsequent cane and estimate the artificial nitrogen fertilizer reduction. The treatments used were (i) vegetable soyabeans followed by cane topdressed with 80 and 120 kg nitrogen ha-1, (ii) grain soyabean followed by cane topdressed with 80 and 120 kg nitrogen ha-1, (iii) monoculture cane topdressed with 120 kg nitrogen ha-1. Both grain and vegetable soyabeans fixed more nitrogen at flowering stage, 128 and 118 kg nitrogen ha-1, respectively. The results showed that farmers can save nitrogen fertilizer by using vegetable soyabeans. The nitrogen saved was estimated at 80 kg nitrogen ha-1 as shown by the number of tillers, biomass and nitrogen in leaves of cane. Key words: Nitrogen fertilizer, vegetable, grain soybeans, tillers, CP72-2086.
Towards an Assessment of Coastal Flood Damage Potential in Europe

This study makes a first step for the assessment of exposure to coastal flooding due to storm surge in Europe. The objective of this report is to assess the available data for a further detailed assessment of potential economic damage from coastal flooding. Many seamless European datasets are necessary for the implementation of a comprehensive assessment. We describe the conceptual modelling approach for calculating flood damage potential. Within this approach each component of the system represents a specific dataset. The first step of this project, as included in this report, is the identification and acquisition of the datasets for the implementation of the proposed assessment in future phases. As example of the collected data a series of maps for selected areas are provided. In the maps we assume a coastal flooding resulting from a surge of 2 meter above mean sea level. The flooding area was mapped assuming no defences. This is report is a non exhaustive assessment and only a limited number of cases have been selected. Seven critical areas across Europe are included i.e. Amsterdam, Hamburg, Copenhagen, London, Porto, Norwich and Riga. In further steps of this project all the European coastal areas will be considered. How to obtain EU publications Our priced publications are available from EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu), where you can place an order with the sales agent of your choice. The Publications Office has a worldwide network of sales agents. You can obtain their contact details by sending a fax to (352) 29 29-42758.
Simulation of tropospheric ozone changes during 1997–1998 El Niño: Meteorological impact on tropospheric photochemistry

The impact of the 1997–1998 El Niño event on the tropospheric ozone distribution and related processes is assessed by a simulation using a global chemical model. The changes in tropospheric ozone observed during the 1997–1998 El Niño are considered to have been caused by large‐scale processes due to the shift in the tropical convection pattern associated with sea surface temperature (SST) changes and by large emissions of ozone precursors due to pronounced biomass burning in the Indonesian region (mainly in Sumatra and Borneo). This simulation study is focused on the effects of meteorological changes caused by the El Niño, aside from the effects of the Indonesian biomass burning. Our simulation results show that about half of the ozone increase observed over the equatorial western Pacific and Indonesia (6–12 Dobson units in tropospheric column ozone) can be explained by the meteorological effects of the El Niño with the remainder attributed to the Indonesian biomass burning, whereas the ozone decrease over the eastern Pacific (4–8 Dobson units) can be attributed to the meteorological effects alone. Moreover, our study suggests that a change in photochemical processes (e.g., water vapor concentration controlling the lifetimes of ozone and other related species, and wet scavenging associated with convective precipitation) also plays an important role in the tropical ozone distribution during the course of the 1997–1998 El Niño event.
Early detection of a possible multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii outbreak in the local hospital setting by using random amplified polymorphism DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR), oxacillinase gene profiles, and antibiograms

Background and Objectives: Detecting the source of a potential outbreak of multidrug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii is necessary to be investigated. This study aimed to detect the possibility of A. baumannii outbreak in a hospital setting using a combination of random amplified polymorphism DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR), antibiograms, and the presence of oxacillinase genes. Materials and Methods: The antibiogram of 31 clinical isolates and six environmental isolates of A. baumannii were determined by Vitek® 2 Compact. Oxacillinase genes (OXA-23, -24, -51, and -58) were detected by PCR, and RAPD-PCR was conducted using DAF-4 and ERIC-2 primers. The Similarity Index and dendrogram were generated using GelJ v2.3 software. Results: The antibiograms showed that all MDR A. baumannii isolates has very limited susceptibility to cephalosporins, but mostly susceptible to tigecycline. All isolates were positive for bla OXA-51-like gene, thirty-two of 37 total isolates (86.5%) were positive for bla OXA-23-like gene, and none were positive for bla OXA-24-like and bla OXA-58-like genes. RAPD-PCR showed that the DAF-4 primer on average had more band visualization and lower Similarity Index’s variation compared to the ERIC-2. The discriminatory power of DAF-4 was 0.906. There was a significant correlation between the DAF-4 dendrogram pattern with the antibiogram (r=0.494, p<0.001) and the presence of bla OXA-23-like gene (r=0.634, p<0.001) from all ICU A isolates. Six out of fourteen ICU A isolates belonged to the same cluster with >95% Similarity Index, while one clinical isolate having an identical dendrogram and antibiogram pattern with an environmental isolate within this cluster. Conclusion: There is a high probability of MDR A. baumannii outbreak within ICU A detected by multiple analysis of RAPD-PCR, antibiogram and the bla OXA-23-like gene profiles. This combinatorial approach is conceivable to mitigate possible outbreak situations of A. baumannii in the local hospital without sophisticated microbiology laboratory.