Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of changing conditions for keeping and cows’ milking on their behavior, productivity and condition

The aim of this work was to study the behavior, productivity and conditions of second lactation Bos taurus during the period of adaptation to new keeping and milking conditions. Thirty-four cows of the local black-and-white breed of the second lactation (24–47 days after calving) were transferred from a brick barn for 100 heads with tie-stall keeping in a newly low cost housing facility for 400 heads with free-stall keeping. Milking equipment also changed: before the changing conditions of keeping, cows were milked in the milk duct at UDM-100, and after changing the conditions in the milking parlor at Carousel, 32 cows were milked at the same time. We divided the first 30 days in the new conditions of keeping and milking into VI periods. The duration of the main behavioral reactions: lying down, drinking, and eating food in the first days after changing the conditions of keeping and milking decreased significantly – by 181; 13 and 89 min, respectively. Behavioral responses at the end of the adaptation period (30 days) was lower than on the last day before changing housing and milking conditions. During the first 5 days after the change of housing and milking conditions, the average productivity of cows decreased by 1.39 kg (or 6.01%), content of milk fat, protein and lactose by 0.03; 0.02 and 0.04%, respectively compared to the last day before the transfer of animals. As for the fat content, the level of the indicator of the last day before the cows transfer was reached in the IV period; protein and lactose in the ІІІ period (11–15 days).
Effects of Age and Playing Tactics on the Individual Tactical Behavior in U10 and U12 Elite Spanish Soccer Players

The aim of this paper was to explore the effects of age and playing tactics on the individual tactical behavior and performance in young soccer players. A total of 1247 individual possessions during 16 knockout matches from LaLiga Promises U12 tournament (n = 621) and LaLiga U10 Iscar Cup (n = 626) were analyzed by observational methodology. Multilevel and multivariate logistic regression models were created to explain the interdependent effects of age category and playing tactics on the individual tactical behavior and performance. Youth players performed most of their actions against defensive pressure (72.5%), during offensive support (91.3%) and receiving the ball facing forward (62.6%). The most frequent action was to receive and pass the ball (69.6%) and the level of offensive success was 56.9%. The multilevel mixed models revealed that U10 players presented higher odds of running with the ball vs. passing the ball (OR = 1.823; 95% CI: 1.333–2.493; p < 0.001) and lower odds of achieving offensive success (OR = 0.698; 95% CI: 0.525–0.928; p < 0.05) than U12 players. Regarding playing tactics, technical-tactical dimensions such as the players’ body shape when receiving the ball, offensive support, defensive pressure, collective type of attack and type of technical action presented a significant and combined effect on the offensive success regardless of age category, playing position and match status. This study found tactical differences between U10 and U12 age categories and revealed important interactive effects of multiple tactical dimensions on the individual offensive behavior and performance in youth soccer players.
Nonlinear boundary layers for rotating fluids

We investigate the behavior of rotating incompressible flows near a non-flat horizontal bottom. In the flat case, the velocity profile is given explicitly by a simple linear ODE. When bottom variations are taken into account, it is governed by a nonlinear PDE system, with far less obvious mathematical properties. We establish the well-posedness of this system and the asymptotic behavior of the solution away from the boundary. In the course of the proof, we investigate in particular the action of pseudo-differential operators in non-localized Sobolev spaces. Our results extend the older paper [18], restricted to periodic variations of the bottom. It ponders on the recent linear analysis carried in [14].
Existence and diffusive limit of a two-species kinetic model of chemotaxis

In this paper, we propose a kinetic model describing the collective motion by chemotaxis of two species in interaction emitting the same chemoattractant. Such model can be seen as a generalisation to several species of the Othmer-Dunbar-Alt model which takes into account the run-and-tumble process of bacteria. Existence of weak solutions for this two-species kinetic model is studied and the convergence of its diffusive limit towards a macroscopic model of Keller-Segel type is analysed.
Ocean Emission Pathway and Secondary Formation Mechanism of Aminiums Over the Chinese Marginal Sea

Amines/aminiums are recognized for their importance in new particle formation, organic nitrogen cycle, and aerosol forcings. Among the complex sources, the ocean origins and generation pathways of aminiums are less understood. During a cruise campaign over the Chinese marginal sea (Bohai Sea), five low‐molecular‐weight aminiums were measured. The strong anthropogenic period (terrestrial transport) and the weak anthropogenic period (dust, clean, and sea fog periods) were identified based on the traceable aerosol chemical species, air masses transport patterns, and marine chlorophyll‐a. Inconsistent spatiotemporal variations of various aminiums were observed. Monomethylaminium (MMAH+), dimethylaminium (DMAH+), ethylaminium (EAH+), and diethylaminium (DEAH+) were more enriched during the weak anthropogenic period than the strong anthropogenic period and especially peaked during the sea fog period. The significant correlation between the four aminiums and methanesulfonic acid suggested their secondary formation pathways. Through further exploring the governing factors, the acid–base neutralization via the aqueous phase processing was identified as a critical process for the secondary transformation of aminiums. In contrast, trimethylaminium (TMAH+) showed moderate correlation with Na+ in the total suspended particles only, suggesting its primary marine sources via enrichment in the sea‐spray aerosol through bubble bursting. Based on the step‐wise correlation analysis, the sea surface organic nitrogenous reservoir was found as the dominant contributor to the measured aminiums over the Bohai Sea, while the role of marine phytoplankton emission in the formation of aminiums was limited.
An eight-year (1987-1994) time series of rainfall, clouds, water vapor, snow cover, and sea ice derived from SSM/I measurements

Abstract The Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I), first placed into operation in July 1987, has been making measurements of earth-emitted radiation for over eight years. These data are used to estimate both atmospheric and surface hydrological parameters and to generate a time series of global monthly mean products averaged to a 1° lat × 1° long grid. Specifically, this includes monthly estimates of rainfall and its frequency, cloud liquid water and cloud frequency, water vapor, snow cover frequency, and sea ice frequency. This study uses seasonal mean values to demonstrate the spatial and temporal distributions of these hydrological variables. Examples of interannual variability such as the 1993 flooding in the Mississippi Valley and the 1992–93 snow cover changes over the United States are used to demonstrate the utility of these data for regional applications.
Carroll symmetry of plane gravitational waves

The well-known 5-parameter isometry group of plane gravitational waves in 4 dimensions is identified as Lévy-Leblond’s Carroll group in 2+1 dimensions with no rotations. Our clue is that plane waves are Bargmann spaces into which Carroll manifolds can be embedded. We also comment on the scattering of light by a gravitational wave and calculate its electric permittivity considered as an impedance-matched metamaterial.
Harnack inequality for kinetic Fokker-Planck equations with rough coefficients and application to the Landau equation

We extend the De Giorgi--Nash--Moser theory to a class of kinetic Fokker-Planck equations and deduce new results on the Landau-Coulomb equation. More precisely, we first study the H{o}lder regularity and establish a Harnack inequality for solutions to a general linear equation of Fokker-Planck type whose coefficients are merely measurable and essentially bounded, i.e. assuming no regularity on the coefficients in order to later derive results for non-linear problems. This general equation has the formal structure of the hypoelliptic equations "of type II" , sometimes also called ultraparabolic equations of Kolmogorov type, but with rough coefficients: it combines a first-order skew-symmetric operator with a second-order elliptic operator involving derivatives along only part of the coordinates and with rough coefficients. These general results are then applied to the non-negative essentially bounded weak solutions of the Landau equation with inverse-power law $\gamma$ $\in$ [--d, 1] whose mass, energy and entropy density are bounded and mass is bounded away from 0, and we deduce the H{o}lder regularity of these solutions.
Association of Predisposing Haplotype Snp-Markers of HBB Gene in Thalassaemia

Most of the beta thalassaemia cases are heterogeneous at the molecular level. The genetic variation arises due to the mutation of a single beta-globin gene (HBB) on chromosome 11p15.5. Eventhough, the basis and natural history of this disorder are still not well understood and the clinical presentation in certain patients was not always correlated well with the single gene diagnosis [1]. The study aimed to evaluate the predisposing effect of HBB polymorphisms and their haplotypes in conferring beta-thalassaemia in Malaysia using a bioinformatics tool. Archived genotype data for five tagging SNPs of HBB gene assigned as c.9T/C, IVS2-16G/C, IVS2-74T/G, 3'UTR +314G/A and 3'UTR +316A/C across thalassaemia patient group (n=433) and normal control group (n=794) controls were retrieved from the year 2011 to 2016 at Institute for Medical Research (IMR). The genotype data were analysed for individual SNP-based association analysis and haplotype-based association analysis using SHEsis online software. The study in all races in Malaysia showed significant association in four SNPs of the HBB gene (c.9T/C, P-value = 0.014; IVS2-16G/C, P-value = 0.017; 3'UTR+314G/A, P value = 2.08x108; 3'UTR+316A/C, P-value = 0.021). However, IVS2-74T/G did not show significant association with a P-value of 0.763 (Table 1). We further revealed two susceptible haplotypes in all races (haplotype TGTAA, P-value = 1.68x10-7, OR = 2.382 [1.707~3.325]; haplotype CCTGC, P-value = 0.003, OR = 1.300 [1.089~1.551]). Meanwhile, one protective haplotype observed was haplotype TGTGA (P-value = 2.99x10-7, OR = 0.625 [0.522~0.749]) (Table 2). In conclusion, this study suggests the potential susceptible and protective haplotypes of the HBB gene in predisposing to beta-thalassaemia in Malaysia
An EAM potential for α-brass copper–zinc alloys: application to plasticity and fracture

An embedded atom method potential has been developed for copper–zinc alloys valid from 0% to 37% zinc content (dedicated to describe the α fcc phase). It has been fit to a set of first-principles data for the fcc copper, the fcc Cu3Zn DO 23 phase and Zn on a fcc lattice. Elastic anisotropies, the lattice parameter, cohesive energy are used as input. Ponctual defects, surface energies, intrinsic stacking fault and phonon spectrum have been computed and compare well with experimental trends. This potential has been used to study dislocation dissociation and dislocation emission at a crack tip up to 30% Zn. Dislocation emission at the crack tip is correctly described compared with recent parametrization including the surface energy. It is found that with alloying, dislocation emission becomes easier following the decrease of the unstable stacking fault energy with Zn concentration, a non-trivial finding. This potential is therefore well suited to carry out basic studies of plasticity and fracture in α-brass alloys.
Reconstruction and subgaussian operators

We present a randomized method to approximate any vector v from some set T ⊂ R n . The data one is given is the set T and k scalar products (h Xi, vi ) k=1 , where (Xi) k=1 are i.i. d. isotropic subgaussian random vectors in R n , and k ≪ n. We show that with high probability, any y ∈ T for which (h Xi, yi ) k=1 is close to the data vector (h Xi, vi ) k=1 will be a good approximation of v, and that the degree of approximation is determined by a natural geometric parameter associated with the set T. We also investigate a random method to identify exactly any vector which has a relatively short support using linear subgaussian measurements as above. It turns out that our analysis, when applied to {−1,1}-valued vectors with i.i. d, symmetric entries, yields new information on the geometry of faces of random {−1,1}-polytope; we show that a k-dimensional random {−1,1}
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Maritime Pine Residues with Deep Eutectic Solvents

Deep eutectic solvents represent an important alternative in the field of green solvents due to their low volatility, non-toxicity, and low synthesis cost. In the present investigation, we propose the production of enriched polyphenolic extracts from maritime pine forest residues via an ultrasound-assisted approach. A Box–Behnken experimental design with a response surface methodology was used with six variables to be optimized: solid-to-solvent ratio, water percentage, temperature and time of extraction, amplitude, and catalyst concentration. The mixture of levulinic and formic acids achieved the highest extraction yield of polyphenols from pine needle and bark biomass. In addition, the solid-to-solvent ratio was found to be the only influential variable in the extraction (p-value: 0.0000). The optimal conditions were established as: 0.1 g of sample in 10 mL of LA:FA (70:30%, v/v) with 0% water and 0 M H2SO4 heated to 30 °C and extracted during 40 min with an ultrasound amplitude of 80% at 37 kHz. The bioactive properties of polyphenol-enriched extracts have been proven with significant antioxidant (45.90 ± 2.10 and 66.96 ± 2.75 mg Trolox equivalents/g dw) and antimicrobial activities. The possibility to recycle and reuse the solvent was also demonstrated; levulinic acid was successfully recovered from the extracts and reused in novel extractions on pine residues. This research shows an important alternative to obtaining polyphenol-enriched extracts from forest residues that are commonly discarded without any clear application, thus opening an important window toward the valorization of such residues.
Weak Hardy Spaces $WH_L^p({\mathbb R}^n)$ Associated to Operators Satisfying $k$-Davies-Gaffney Estimates

Let $L$ be a one-to-one operator of type $\omega$ having a bounded $H_\infty$ functional calculus and satisfying the $k$-Davies-Gaffney estimates with $k\in{\mathbb N}$. In this paper, the authors introduce the weak Hardy space $WH_L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$ associated to $L$ for $p\in (0,\,1]$ via the non-tangential square function $S_L$ and establish a weak molecular characterization of $WH_L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$. Typical examples of such operators include the $2k$-order divergence form homogeneous elliptic operator $L_1:=(-1)^k\sum_{|\alpha|=k=|\beta|}\partial^\beta(a_{\alpha,\beta}\partial^\alpha)$, where $\{a_{\alpha,\beta}\}_{|\alpha|=k=|\beta|}$ are complex bounded measurable functions, and the $2k$-order Schr\"odinger type operator $L_2:= (-\Delta)^k+V^k$, where $\Delta$ is the Laplacian operator and $0\le V\in L^k_{\mathop\mathrm{loc}}(\mathbb{R}^n)$. As applications, for $i\in\{1,\,2\}$ and $p\in(\frac{n}{n+k},\,1]$, the authors prove that the associated Riesz transform $\nabla^k (L_i^{-1/2})$ is bounded from $WH^p_{L_i}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ to the classical weak Hardy space $WH^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$ and, for all $0<p<r\le1$ and $\alpha=n(\frac{1}{p}-\frac{1}{r})$, the fractional power $L_i^{-\frac{\alpha}{2k}}$ is bounded from $WH_{L_i}^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$ to $WH_{L_i}^r(\mathbb{R}^n)$. Furthermore, the authors find the dual space of $WH_L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$ for $p\in(0,\,1]$, which can be defined via mean oscillations based on some subtle coverings of bounded open sets and, even when $L:=-\Delta$, are also previously unknown. In particular, if $L$ is a nonnegative self-adjoint operator in $L^2({\mathbb R}^n)$ satisfying the Davies-Gaffney estimates, the authors further establish the weak atomic characterization of $WH_L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$.
Probabilistic and Geometrical Applications to Graph Theory

This paper consists of two halves. In the first half of the paper, we consider real-valued functions $f$ whose domain is the vertex set of a graph $G$ and that are Lipschitz with respect to the graph distance. By placing a uniform distribution on the vertex set, we treat $f$ as a random variable. We investigate the link between the isoperimetric function of $G$ and the functions $f$ that have maximum variance or meet the bound established by the subgaussian inequality. We present several results describing the extremal functions, and use those results to resolve: (A) a conjecture by Bobkov, Houdr\'e, and Tetali characterizing the extremal functions of the subgaussian inequality of the odd cycle, and (B) a conjecture by Alon, Boppana, and Spencer on the relationship between maximum variance functions and the isoperimetric function of product graphs. While establishing a discrete analogue of the curved Brunn-Minkowski inequality for the discrete hypercube, Ollivier and Villani suggested several avenues for research. We resolve them in second half of the paper as follows. (1) They propose that a bound on $t$-midpoints can be obtained by repeated application of the bound on midpoints, if the original sets are convex. We construct a specific example where this reasoning fails, and then prove our construction is general by characterizing the convex sets in the discrete hypercube. (2) A second proposed technique to bound $t$-midpoints involves new results in concentration of measure. We follow through on this proposal, with heavy use on results from the first half of the paper. (3) We show that the curvature of the discrete hypercube is not positive or zero.
Seroepidemiology of HBV, HCV, HIV, HTLV, and CMV in Pregnant Women Referring to Sari Birth Cohort

Background: Congenital infections are among the most important conditions threatening human fetal health, the majority of which are caused by viral agents. Screening pregnant women for viral infections is essential because such infections can cause serious consequences for both the mother and the infant. So, this study aimed to serologically investigate sexually transmitted viral infections in pregnant women and also find the association between the prevalence of viral infections and epidemiological parameters in pregnant women of Sari, Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive, observational study was performed in pregnant women referring to Sari Birth Cohort Center between 2018 and 2020. A total of 1092 blood samples were investigated for hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) serological markers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The prevalence of HBsAg positivity, HCV, HIV, and HTLV was 0.2%, 0.09%, 0.09%, and 0.2%, respectively. The percentage of participants with CMV-IgM and -IgG antibody titers above normal was 0.2% and 91.8%, respectively. Pregnant women whose educational level was bachelor's degree or lower, those who did not use a male condom before pregnancy, or those with a family history of infectious disease were found to be more likely to have HBV, HCV, HIV, HTLV, and CMV infections. Conclusion: Family history, maternal age, pregnancy stage, and not using a male condom are among the risk factors for sexually transmitted viral infections in pregnant women in Sari.
On the formation of auroral arcs and acceleration of auroral electrons

It is suggested that the highly structured auroral arc is caused by a current-driven laminar electrostatic shock oblique to the geomagnetic field. Electrons are accelerated by the potential jump associated with the shock. The shock is assumed to be confined to a plane. Self-consistent solutions to the Poisson-Vlasov systems are calculated for the electrostatic potential. Adiabatic theory is used to calculate the ion number density in terms of the electrostatic potential and its derivatives. The electrons are assumed to be highly magnetized so they can only move parallel to the magnetic field. Solutions are exhibited for two plasma models: (1) streaming electrons and a two-temperature distribution of ions and (2) streaming electrons and ions and thermal electrons and ions. In the latter model, solutions can be obtained for an arbitrary potential jump across the shock. The shock is identified with the linear electrostatic ion cyclotron wave, and stability of these waves is examined to determine conditions for the formation of oblique shocks. Finally, the theory is discussed in the context of the magnetosphere, and possible model shocks are exhibited and discussed in terms of auroral arc formation.
On the Fracture of Supported Graphene Under Pressure

We explore here the structural stability and fracture of supported graphene sheets under pressure loadings normal to the sheets by performing molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that, in absence of defects, supported graphene deforms into an inverse bubble shape and fracture is nucleated at the supported edges. The critical pressure decreases from ideal tensile strength of graphene in biaxial tension as the size of supporting pores increases. When nanoscale holes are created in the suspended region of graphene, the critical pressure is further lowered with the area of nanoholes, with additional dependence on their shapes. The results are explained by analyzing the deformed profile of graphene sheets under pressure and the stress state. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4024198]