Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Um estudo comparativo entre redes neurais convolucionais para a classificação de imagens

O reconhecimento de objetos em imagens esta se tornando cada vez mais facil para os computadores, devido aos avancos em estudos de visao computacional que utilizam redes neurais de aprendizagem profunda. Essas redes tiveram grandes avancos a partir de 2012 e vem sendo usadas em diversos problemas de classificacoes que envolvem imagens. Neste trabalho, sao feitas tres implementacoes de redes neurais convolucionais, sendo elas: VGG-16, ResNet-50 e Inception. O objetivo deste trabalho e realizar um comparativo entre as implementacoes, avaliando qual delas resolve melhor um problema de classificacao de imagens, levando em consideracao algumas metricas, para a competicao de classificacao de personagens dos Simpsons. Dentre as metricas escolhidas, o melhor resultado de acuracia foi o da ResNet50 com 93.4% e o melhor resultado de log loss foi o da Inception com 0.26, o que demonstrou que as redes conseguiram resolver bem o problema.
Gender Wise Distribution of Income Using L-Moments Method

The main purpose of this work is to explore the income distribution of both male and female in Pakistan over the period of 2010-2011. For this purpose, the lognormal distribution with known parameters is used as a model and its unknown parameters are estimated by three methods that are likelihood, moments and L-moments. The results show that citizens of Pakistan are not equal in income and the probability plot suggested that the income of the male is greater than that of a female in Pakistan. Moreover, for small sample size, the best method of parameters estimation is the L-moments, while, for large sample size the best method is a maximum likelihood. Findings of the study suggest that suitable policy is required to maintain equality in income distribution in the country. It will consequently reduce the gap among rich and poor and will certainly improve social welfare.
We Challenged the Kellgren and Lawrence Radiographic Scoring Method and Came Up With Some Interesting Epidemiology for Osteoarthritis of the Hip

The study of hip osteoarthritis (OA) was slowed due to a lack of a good definition of radiographic hip OA (RHOA). The radiographic changes that occur in hip OA include both joint space narrowing and femoral head osteophytes in the early stages of the disease. This differs from OA of the knee, in which radiographic OA changes initially include osteophytes and only much later is joint space narrowing considered. The modified Croft Score is a novel scoring method for the hip that includes an equal weighting of femoral osteophytes and joint space narrowing. It is used to evaluate the epidemiology of prevalent, incident, and progressive RHOA. Use of the Croft Score found that mild changes in the femoral head or acetabulum could increase the risk of incident RHOA. Pioneering research on active shape modeling was undertaken to provide a more comprehensive assessment of hip shape and define actual femoral head shapes that increased the risk of RHOA. After defining RHOA, investigators found several risk factors, which included higher total hip bone mineral density and polymorphisms of the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, to be significant predictors of RHOA in elderly white women. Recently, it was found that RHOA was a strong risk factor for both all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality in elderly women.
Interplanetary conditions in association with prolonged intervals of geomagnetic calm

From the daily index Ap of geomagnetic activity, sequences of consecutive occurrence of Ap 4 for 4 days and Ap 7 for eight days are identified in the period 1963-1998. A superposed epoch analysis is performed with the onset of these sequences as key days and 8 dierent solar wind and IMF parameters and their variability as inputs. A systematic pattern of change from days preceding the quiet intervals to the days following is clearly established. Solar wind velocity and its variability attain the lowest values much later than the onset of the quiet sequence, and the longer the interval, the later the minimum. IMF B, on the other hand, attains the lowest value at the onset of the quiet intervals, and continues to remain low till the end of the sequence. Thus a swing to low values of B in association with small northward Bz is an essential condition for onset of magnetically calm intervals. A possible threshold values with V 320 km s 1 , B 4 nT, Bz > 0 ( 0.8 nT), lowest values of density preceding the onset of the quiet sequence and least variability in all the parameters can be assigned during such prolonged intervals of geomagnetic calm. In view of the smooth pattern of time variation seen for V and B, an attempt is made to predict geomagnetic quiet intervals from the solar wind parameters with moderate success.
Capsule Enteroscopy Using the Mirocam® versus OMOM® Systems: A Matched Case–Control Study

Although several devices are available for small bowel capsule endoscopy, few studies have compared their visualization quality and diagnostic yield, despite users reporting subjective differences between them. This study aims to compare two widely used systems (Mirocam® MC1600 and OMOM® HD). Patients who underwent OMOM® HD capsule enteroscopy between August 2022 and February 2023 were prospectively included consecutively (cases). Controls were retrospectively selected from a database of patients who underwent Mirocam® MC1600 enteroscopy between March 2018 and July 2022 in a 1:1 ratio. Controls were matched for potential confounders (age, sex, indication, hospitalization, comorbidities, and opioid prescription). The small bowel cleanliness (global and divided by tertiles), the diagnostic yield (positive findings) and the transit times (TT) were compared. Overall, 214 patients were included (107:107). Global bowel preparation was similar between the OMOM® and Mirocam® groups. However, the average scores for each tertile were significantly higher when the OMOM® HD capsule was used (p < 0.05). Small bowel TT was shorter for OMOM® HD (265 ± 118 versus 307 ± 87 min, p = 0.020), while the diagnostic yield (55.0%) and relative distribution of lesions were similar. This study suggests that capsule characteristics, namely resolution, and illumination, systematically interfere with the perception of preparation quality. However, this did not affect the diagnostic yield.
MERCURY IN THE ENVIRONMENT: THE HUMAN ELEMENT.

This review is directed toward an understanding of the uses, sources, distribution, and toxic effects of mercury, and the main emphasis is on man as the distributor and recipient of mercury in the environment. The societal flow of mercury is initially considered. The main conclusion is that there is a need to pay more attention to the social implications of present use practices and to recycle much more effectively or develop alternatives to present mercury technology. The most important man-made sources of environmental mercury in the US are chlor-alkali plants, seed dressing agents, and probably smelting operations and the burning of fossil fuels. It has been found that whatever the source and compound of mercury introduced into an aquatic system, essentially only the highly toxic methylmercury form is found in the flesh of fish. The formation of methylmercury appears to be promoted by bacterial processes occurring within contaminated bottom sediments, and such sediments can slowly release their mercury burden as methylmercury for many years to come. Details are provided regarding the toxicity of mercury and its compounds. Appendices are included which consider aspects of the physical and chemical properties of mercury, evaluate analytical procedures used for mercury determination, discuss themore » chlor-alkali manufacturing process and procedures for reducing mercury losses, and provide some present and future needs with respect to our understanding and dealing with mercury in the environment. « less
Modèles d'habitat statistiques comme outils d'aide à la gestion des débits des rivières insulaires tropicales : Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Réunion

Les modeles d’habitat hydrauliques sont frequemment utilises pour predire les impacts ecologiques de la gestion des debits des rivieres. Ils couplent des modeles hydrauliques des troncons de rivieres a des modeles de "preferences" des organismes pour les conditions hydrauliques de leur microhabitat (vitesses, hauteurs, forces). Les modeles d'habitat statistiques reposent sur une modelisation des distributions en frequence des variables hydrauliques. Ils sont simples d'utilisation mais ne sont pas applicables en l'etat en milieu insulaire tropical. Nous avons developpe des modeles biologiques de preferences hydrauliques de 15 taxons diadromes des iles tropicales (crevettes et poissons), ainsi que des modeles hydrauliques statistiques adaptes aux rivieres a forte pente et forte granulometrie. Les modeles utilisent cinq jeux de donnees biologiques existants (~8350 echantillons de peches electriques, 52 rivieres) et des mesures hydrauliques originales (44 rivieres, 69 station×date), collectes dans quatre iles des Caraibes (Guadeloupe, Martinique) et de l'Ocean Indien (Mayotte, Reunion), en collaboration avec des partenaires locaux. Nos modeles hydrauliques statistiques predisent les distributions de vitesses et de hauteurs d'eau observees avec plus de precision que les modeles developpes en Europe continentale. Les modeles biologiques refletent que les contraintes hydrauliques contribuent generalement faiblement a la selection du microhabitat en milieu tropical. Neanmoins, certains taxons montrent des preferences hydrauliques significatives et comparables entre les jeux de donnees. Nous illustrons l'application possible des resultats pour guider la gestion des debits
Errors and fallibility in radiology: X-ray readings and expert radiologists, 1947–1960

Abstract This article traces the historical emergence of a new understanding of radiologists as fallible expert observers from the late 1940s, a conception that was shaped by new technologies and techniques, but also prepared the ground for promises of automation and artificial intelligence in the field of medical imaging. Reports of radiologists’ unreliable performance prompted investigations in many countries into ‘observer variability’ and ‘observer error’. Towards the end of the 1950s, scientists could conceive of radiologists as imperfect medical decision makers, while they concurrently developed a new model for ‘logical analysis’ of the diagnostic process that would limit errors. As well as technological solutions to flawed X-ray readers, researchers proposed ‘double-reading’ practices (a second independent reading) as a way to mitigate the ‘human factor’. Yet these ideas did not find widespread resonance due to concerns about feasibility and debates about radiological expertise, and also because of a discrepancy between experimental models and real-world practices. A genealogy of the fallible trained observer helps us understand persistent worries about – and solutions to – radiologists’ ‘error problem’ and contributes to a better understanding of current discourses on AI in medical imaging.
A Compared Study of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid in Improving Seizure-Induced Cognitive Deficiency in a Pentylenetetrazol-Kindling Young Mice Model

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that is more prevalent in children, and recurrent unprovoked seizures can lead to cognitive impairment. Numerous studies have reported the benefits of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on neurodevelopment and cognitive ability, while comparatively less attention has been given to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Additionally, little is known about the effects and mechanisms of DHA and EPA in relation to seizure-induced cognitive impairment in the young rodent model. Current research indicates that ferroptosis is involved in epilepsy and cognitive deficiency in children. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether EPA or DHA can mitigate seizure-induced cognitive deficits by inhibiting ferroptosis. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the effects of DHA and EPA on seizure-induced cognitive deficiency and reveal the underlying mechanisms focused on ferroptosis in a pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-kindling young mice model. Mice were fed a diet containing DHA-enriched ethyl esters or EPA-enriched ethyl esters for 21 days at the age of 3 weeks and treated with PTZ (35 mg/kg, i.p.) every other day 10 times. The findings indicated that both EPA and DHA exhibited ameliorative effects on seizure-induced cognitive impairment, with EPA demonstrating a superior efficacy. Further mechanism study revealed that supplementation of DHA and EPA significantly increased cerebral DHA and EPA levels, balanced neurotransmitters, and inhibited ferroptosis by modulating iron homeostasis and reducing lipid peroxide accumulation in the hippocampus through activating the Nrf2/Sirt3 signal pathway. Notably, EPA exhibited better an advantage in ameliorating iron dyshomeostasis compared to DHA, owing to its stronger upregulation of Sirt3. These results indicate that DHA and EPA can efficaciously alleviate seizure-induced cognitive deficiency by inhibiting ferroptosis in PTZ-kindled young mice.
Development of a Phenology Model for Egg Hatching of Walking-Stick Insect, Ramulus mikado (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae) in Korea

The walking-stick insect Ramulus mikado is occasionally considered a forest pest, as its mass occurrence can cause severe defoliation. It overwinters as eggs on the ground surface, and the hatched nymphs climb up to the host trees in spring. In this study, temperature-dependent development experiments were performed on R. mikado eggs under three constant temperatures (23.3, 28.3, and 29.2 °C) to extend the previously reported thermal response. The development times of eggs collected in summer and winter were also compared to investigate how development status is influenced by the seasons. The lower and upper developmental thresholds and thermal constants of R. mikado eggs were estimated to be 6.1 °C, 29.2 °C, and 1707.8 DD, respectively. The starting point for effective temperature effects on the eggs was estimated to be 1 August, based on the results of the experiment on field-collected eggs. A phenology model was constructed by using a development completion model scaled by the thermal constant, with a starting point of degree-day accumulation. The model showed good agreement, with a deviation of 3.2 ± 2.95 days between prediction and observation. The developed phenology model is useful for determining the appropriate timing for management decision-making regarding this insect.
Latitudinal Distribution of Sunspot and North-South Asymmetry Revisited

The solar magnetic field plays a central role in the field of solar research, both theoretically and practically. Sunspots are an important observational constraint since they are considered a discernable tracer of emerged magnetic flux tubes, providing the longest running records of solar magnetic activity. In this presentation, we first review the statistical properties of the latitudinal distribution of sunspots and discuss their implications. The phase difference between paired wings of the butterfly diagram has been revealed. Sunspots seem to emerge with the exponential distribution on top of slowly varying trends by periods of ~11 years, which is considered multiplicative rather than additive. We also present a concept for the center-oflatitude (COL) and its use. With this, one may sort out a traditional butterfly diagram and find new features. It is found that the centroid of the COL does not migrate monotonically toward the equator, appearing to form an ‘active latitude’. Furthermore, distributions of the COL as a function of latitude depend on solar activity and the solar North-South asymmetry. We believe that these findings serve as crucial diagnostic tools for any potential model of the solar dynamo. Finally, we find that as the Sun modulates the amount of observed galactic cosmic ray influx, the solar North-South asymmetry seems to contribute to the relationship between the solar variability and terrestrial climate change.
The Phytochemical Screening and Biological Properties of Brassica napus L. var. napobrassica (Rutabaga) Seeds

Rutabaga, also known as swede and scientifically classified as Brassica napus napobrassica, is a biennial edible root vegetable that belongs to the Brassica genus and is widely cultivated in North Europe and North America. The present study highlights both the phytochemical profile and the in vitro biological properties of rutabaga seed extracts obtained through maceration using solvents of increasing polarity, namely, cyclohexane (CYHA), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methanol (MeOH), and water (H2O). HPLC-DAD was used to identify and quantify phenolic compounds, while volatile compounds were detected using GC-MS. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of the rutabaga seed extracts was evaluated through DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity (15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) enzyme) was determined spectrophotometrically at the same concentration. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the seed extracts was evaluated against human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293) using the MTT assay. The rutabaga seed extracts obtained from EtOAc, MeOH, and H2O were particularly rich in reducing sugars, ranging from 189.87 to 473.75 mg/g DW. The MeOH extract displayed the highest concentration of both sugars and polyphenols. Phytochemically, the HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of four phenolic compounds in the tested extracts, including (±) synephrine, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, and trans-ferulic acid, newly discovered in rutabaga organs. Moreover, a total of ten volatile compounds were identified through GC-MS analysis, both before and after derivatization. At a concentration of 50 µg/mL, the methanol extract exhibited high antioxidant activity with 52.95% inhibition, while CYHA, DCM, and EtOAc exhibited moderate anti-15-LOX activity with less than 30% inhibition. Except for DCM and aqueous extracts, rutabaga seeds did not exhibit any anti-proliferative potential against Caco-2 cell lines. Interestingly, no cytotoxicity was registered for any of the seed extracts against the normal cell line HEK-293. Overall, the obtained data highlight the potential utilization of rutabaga seeds as a source of bioactive compounds in various fields, including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and functional foods.
Recent lacustrine Ostracoda and a first transfer function for palaeo-water depth estimation in Nam Co, southern Tibetan Plateau

Ostracod assemblages from Nam Co were analyzed to design a training set for reconstructing Holocene water level changes in this saline lake. A transect consisting of nineteen surface sediment samples taken from 2 m to 64 m water depth was used to analyze Recent ostracod taphocoenoses. The samples contained abundant ostracods of up to about 1000 valves per gram sediment but display low species diversity. The six documented species are, in descending order of dominance, Leucocytherella sinensis Huang, 1982, ? Leucocythere dorsotuberosa Huang, 1982, Fabaeformiscandona danielopoli Yin & Martens, 1997, Ilyocypris cf. mongolica Martens, 1991, Candona candida (O.F. Muller, 1776) and Limnocythere inopinata (Baird, 1843). L. sinensis and ? L. dorsotuberosa together composed about 90 % of the associations. L. dorsotuberosa showed high morphological variability. Leucocythere postilirata Pang, 1985 is regarded here as a morphotype of ? L. dorsotuberosa with pronounced posterior, medio-ventral and anterior carinae as protruding foldings of the shell. This form occurred below the thermocline (20 – 30 m water depth) and became more abundant with increasing 1 Revista Espanola de Micropaleontologia, 41 (1-2), 2009, pp. 1-20 ©Instituto Geologico y Minero de Espana ISSN: 0556-655X Revista Espanola de Micropaleontologia / v. 41 / no 1-2 / 2009 2 depth. I. cf. mongolica and L. inopinata were typical of shallow water (<10 m). Below this depth only very few single valves of both species were found. The genus Candona occurred in larger numbers probably with two different species in shallow (C. candida) and deep (C. xizangensis) water. F. danielopoli showed highest abundance around the thermocline level. Regarding our results, ? L. dorsotuberosa f. postilirata, I. cf. mongolica, F. danielopoli, Candona and L. inopinata can be used as water depth indicators in Nam Co. Based on the dominance data of these taxa, except L. inopinata, we set up a transfer function for palaeo-water depth in Nam Co which covers a water depth interval of 3.7 to 64 m and displays a standard error of 7.6 m.
Iron biogeochemistry in the waters surrounding the Crozet Islands, Southern Ocean

The aim of this thesis was to improve our understanding of the natural iron fertilisation processes that can alleviate the High Nutrient Low Chlorophyll conditions normally associated with the Southern Ocean. The annual phytoplankton bloom occurring north of the Crozet Plateau (46°26’S - 52°18’E) provided a good opportunity to study these phenomena during CROZEX, a multidisciplinary study performed in austral summers 2004/2005 and 2005/2006. Particular emphasis has been placed on the sources of Fe to the upper water column, and on the different processes that drive the distribution of iron, such as mixing with deeper waters, advection of Fe rich waters from the islands, or particles and atmospheric inputs. A flow-injection analyser with DPD catalytic spectrophotometric detection (FIA-DPD) was first set up for the determination of total dissolved Fe (DFe, ? 0.2 µm) and careful assessment of data demonstrated the high quality of the information obtained in this study. Analytical measurements of DFe were performed in twenty vertical profiles from the North to the South of the islands that show evidence of a range of processes influencing the iron distributions. Most significantly, an enrichment of DFe (>1 nM) has been identified at close proximity to the islands, which suggests that the plateau and the associated sediments are a source of iron. Waters further north also appear to be affected by this input of both coastal and shelf origin, although dissolved iron concentrations decrease as a function of distance to the north of the plateau with a gradient of 0.07 nM.km-1 as a result of dispersion and mixing. This gradient was then combined with short-lived Radium isotopes profiles, allowing the determination of a horizontal advective flux of Fe. Estimates of atmosphere and vertical fluxes of Fe to surface waters were also calculated. It was then possible to estimate a pre-bloom concentration of ~ 0.44 nM, which is sufficient to drive the inferred level of the new production in the bloom area. Labile iron has been distinguished from the refractory fraction of iron in the suspended particulate matter exported from the mixed layer by developing a two-stage leaching technique. The resulting solutions were analyzed using ICP-MS. By using associated 234Th fluxes, vertical fluxes of particulate iron in both phases were determined as well as their residence times. Data clearly show that carbon export was linked to the iron residence time and enhanced in the northern region where iron inputs occur. This thesis therefore provides a comprehensive data set of DFe and particulate iron in waters surrounding the Crozet Islands. It also presents the first attempt to establish an iron budget that can be developed into a model and provides a good reference point for subsequent studies of natural iron fertilization processes that occur around these islands.