Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Migration distance is a fundamental axis of the slow-fast continuum of life history in boreal birds

ABSTRACT Seasonal migration is intrinsically connected to the balance of survival and reproduction, but whether migratory behavior influences species' position on the slow-fast continuum of life history is poorly understood. We found that boreal-breeding birds that migrate long distances exhibit higher annual adult survival and lower annual reproductive investment relative to co-distributed boreal species that migrate shorter distances to winter closer to their breeding grounds. Our study uses “vital rates” data on reproductive output and survivorship compiled from the literature for a species assemblage of 45 species of mostly passerine birds. These species breed sympatrically in North American boreal forests but migrate to a diversity of environments for the northern winter. After controlling for body size and phylogeny, migration distance and apparent annual adult survival are positively related across species. Both migration distance and survival are positively correlated with wintering in environments that are warmer, wetter, and greener. At the same time, longer migrations are associated with reduced time spent on the breeding grounds, lower clutch sizes, and lower fecundity (clutch size × maximum number of broods per year). Although seasonal migration is often associated with high mortality, our results suggest that long-distance migration imposes selection pressures that both confer and demand high adult survival rates. That is, owing to the reproductive cost of long-distance migration, this strategy can only persist if balanced by high adult survival. Our study supports the idea that migration evolves to promote survival of species breeding in seasonal environments. In boreal birds, the evolution of the longest migrations yields the highest survival, but at an inherent cost to annual fecundity. Our results therefore reveal migratory distance as a fundamental axis of the slow-fast continuum that predicts, and is inextricable from, the balance of survival and reproduction. LAY SUMMARY A trade-off between investment in survival and reproduction is among the most fundamental patterns in nature. Seasonal migration allows animals to move between areas used specifically for reproduction or survival. Migration is frequently thought to involve high mortality, suggesting that the longest-distance migrations should be costliest to survival. We show that, counterintuitively, birds that breed in boreal North America and migrate long distances for the winter are more likely to survive to the following year than birds that migrate shorter distances. Long-distance migrants also lay fewer eggs each year than short-distance migrants. Our study reveals how the evolution of a remarkable behavioral adaptation—long-distance migration—simultaneously shapes and is shaped by the fundamental balance of reproduction and survival.
Daily associations between cannabis use and alcohol use in young adults: the moderating role of self-report and behavioral measures of impulsivity

Abstract Although impulsivity has been implicated in cannabis and alcohol use, its role in alcohol and cannabis co-use behavior requires further study. We examined the moderating role of self-report and behavioral measures of impulsivity in the daily-level relationships between cannabis use and both (a) likelihood of same-day alcohol use and (b) the number of drinks consumed on the same day. Young adults (n = 153) completed a 90-day Timeline Follow Back assessing the amount of cannabis smoked (in grams), other forms of cannabis (e.g. oils, edibles), and the number of standard drinks consumed each day. Participants also completed a structured interview of Alcohol and Cannabis Use Disorders (AUD/CUD), and both self-report (UPPS impulsivity scales) and behavioral (behavioral disinhibition and delay discounting) measures of impulsivity. Zero-inflated multilevel modeling revealed that negative urgency, delay discounting, and disinhibition were significant, unique moderators of the daily relationship between cannabis and alcohol consumption, after controlling for AUD/CUD symptoms and other covariates. Specifically, individuals high (but not low) on negative urgency and delay discounting showed a positive association between grams of cannabis used on a given day and same-day number of standard drinks consumed. Contrary to expectations, individuals low on negative urgency and low in disinhibition showed a stronger relationship between grams of cannabis consumed and odds of engaging in any drinking on the same day. Results extend research on moderators of within-person, daily-level associations between cannabis and alcohol use, suggesting that several impulsivity-related constructs may contribute to complementary use of cannabis and alcohol among young adults.
The Impact of Molecular Subtyping on Pathological Staging of Pancreatic Cancer

Background: The long-term outcomes following surgical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains poor, with only 20% of patients surviving 5 years after pancreatectomy. Patient selection for surgery remains suboptimal largely due to the absence of consideration of aggressive tumor biology. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate traditional staging criteria for PDAC in the setting of molecular subtypes. Methods: Clinicopathological data were obtained for 5 independent cohorts of consecutive unselected patients, totaling n = 1298, including n = 442 that underwent molecular subtyping. The main outcome measure was disease-specific survival following surgical resection for PDAC stratified according to the American Joint Commission for Cancer (TNM) staging criteria, margin status, and molecular subtype. Results: TNM staging criteria and margin status confers prognostic value only in tumors with classical pancreatic subtype. Patients with tumors that are of squamous subtype, have a poor outcome irrespective of favorable traditional pathological staging [hazard ratio (HR) 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–2.28, P = 0.032]. Margin status has no impact on survival in the squamous subtype (16.0 vs 12.1 months, P = 0.374). There were no differences in molecular subtype or gene expression of tumors with positive resection margin status. Conclusions: Aggressive tumor biology as measured by molecular subtype predicts poor outcome following pancreatectomy for PDAC and should be utilized to inform patient selection for surgery.
MicroRNA expression under phosphate deficiency stress in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.): a three-year field experiment

ABSTRACT Phosphate deficiency is a stress factor often limiting crop growth and development. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in response to long-term phosphate stress in red clover populations in field conditions. The sensitivity of six red clover populations to phosphate stress was determined in a three-year field experiment. The results revealed that the declines in hay yield and quality under phosphate stress were less pronounced for two populations compared to the other four. Molecular analysis revealed significant down-regulation (miRNA156, miRNA171 and miRNA2111) and up-regulation (miRNA399) in the phosphate stress-tolerant populations exposed to phosphate stress, but no changes were observed in the non-phosphate stress-tolerant populations. The results collectively suggest that miRNA156, miRNA171, miRNA399 and miRNA2111 could be responsible for tolerance to phosphate limited conditions in some red clovers. These miRNAs could be used for the development of red clover plants that are tolerant of phosphate-deficient soils. In addition, since phosphate stress-tolerant populations should require less phosphate fertiliser, they would have the potential to mitigate environmental pollution from farming soils with elevated phosphate levels.
I Know You Know I’m Signaling: Novel gestures are designed to guide observers’ inferences about communicative goals

For a gesture to be successful, observers must recognize its communicative purpose. Are communicators sensitive to this problem and do they try to ease their observer’s inferential burden? We propose that people shape their gestures to help observers easily infer that their movements are meant to communicate. Using computational models of recursive goal inference, we show that this hypothesis predicts that gestures ought to reveal that the movement is inconsistent with the space of non-communicative goals in the environment. In two gesture-design experiments, we find that people spontaneously shape communicative movements in response to the distribution of potential instrumental goals, ensuring that the movement can be easily differentiated from instrumental action. Our results show that people are sensitive to the inferential demands that observers face. As a result, people actively work to help ensure that the goal of their communicative movement is understood.
MULTIVARIATE CHEMOMETRIC MODELS USED FOR THE ANALYSIS OF RAFOXANIDE IN PRESENCE OF ITS ALKALINE DEGRADATION PRODUCT

Objective : Development and validation of three simple, accurate and precise chemometric models for the determination of rafoxanide in presence of its alkaline degradation product without preliminary separation. Methods : These methods are classical least square (CLS), principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS-1). A 2-factor 5-level experimental design was built leading to 25 mixtures containing different ratios of rafoxanide and its alkaline degradation product. Thirteen mixtures were used as a training set and the other twelve were used as a validation set. Results : Using of multi-wavelengths instead of the single wavelength spectrophotometry has greatly improved the precision and predictive abilities of these multivariate calibrations. Conclusion : The proposed methods have been found to be accurate, precise and can be used for determination of the drug in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations as well as in the presence of its degradation product without any preliminary separation steps.
In vitro biocompatibility analysis of two types of titanium surfaces treated by Electric Discharge Machining (EDM)

The aim of the present work was to assess the biological viability of two titanium surfaces treated by electric discharge machining (EDM) using water or hydroxyapatite as modifying agents and compare them to a machined titanium surface without modifying agent as a control. The in vitro MTT, total protein, alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red assays and scanning electron microscopy were applied to analyze pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells after 7, 14 and 21 days of cell culture on the titanium surfaces. The results showed the presence of cellular activity in all surfaces and the formation of bone matrix, with no discrepancy among the groups. All tested surfaces were capable of inducing bone formation. In the topographic analysis of the surface, EDM failed to modify the surface of the discs homogeneously. Thus, EDM is a low-cost, biocompatible technique that favors osseointegration, but which still needs to be improved.
Unpacking the Complexity in Learning to Observe in Field Geology

Abstract Scientific observation is central to classroom inquiry and children’s investigations and explanations in science. Young children can struggle with observation, and research has shown that professional scientists who engage in complex observation tasks, observe detailed patterns when they have well-developed disciplinary knowledge. However, fewer studies address how this observational expertise develops and its specific role as a component of disciplinary knowledge within a larger complex knowledge system. Grounded in an existing theory of conceptual change, Knowledge in Pieces (KiP), we view knowledge as a complex system consisting of both perceptual and inferential parts. We demonstrate how these perceptual and inferential parts can be related to each other in the developing knowledge systems of learners engaged in scientific observation in field geology. In the analysis we examine in-service science teachers’ observations of bedrock while they were aiming to generate an understanding of the relevant historical geological processes. The analysis documents the moment-to-moment complex relationships between the perceptual and inferential parts of a knowledge system and thus offers an empirical account of how observation is situated within a knowledge system. The results challenge the notion that scientific observation is a simple skill by demonstrating how discipline-specific knowledge is mobilized during scientific observation in a field-based setting. This work has implications for science education instruction.
Diverse Soliton Structures for Fractional Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation, KdV Equation and WBBM Equation Adopting a New Technique

Nonlinear fractional order partial differential equations standing for the numerous dynamical systems relating to nature world are supposed to by unraveled for depicting complex physical phenomena. In this exploration, we concentrate to disentangle the space and time fractional nonlinear Schrodinger equation, Korteweg-De Vries (KdV) equation and the Wazwaz-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (WBBM) equation bearing the noteworthy significance in accordance to their respective position. A composite wave variable transformation with the assistance of conformable fractional derivative transmutes the declared equations to ordinary differential equations. A successful implementation of the proposed improved auxiliary equation technique collects enormous wave solutions in the form of exponential, rational, trigonometric and hyperbolic functions. The found solutions involving many free parameters under consideration of particular values are figured out which appeared in different shape as kink type, anti-kink type, singular kink type, bell shape, anti-bell shape, singular bell shape, cuspon, peakon, periodic etc. The performance of the proposed scheme shows its potentiality through construction of fresh and further general exact traveling wave solutions of three nonlinear equations. A comparison of the achieved outcomes in this investigation with the results found in the literature ensures the diversity and novelty of ours. Consequently, the improved auxiliary equation technique stands as efficient and concise tool which deserves further use to unravel any other nonlinear evolution equations arise in various physical sciences like applied mathematics, mathematical physics and engineering.
Unpacking the Transformational Leadership-Innovative Work Behavior Relationship: The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital

Abstract This study explores how the mechanisms of transformational leadership influence innovative work behavior in the public sector and examines the mediating role of psychological capital. Based on the responses of 2,070 Korean central and local government employees, the results indicated that transformational leadership influences innovative work behavior indirectly through psychological capital. This study’s findings contribute to an advanced understanding of the transformational leadership-innovative work behavior relationship and the importance of psychological capital in the public sector.
Search and Communication About Origins in Internationally Adopted Young Adults in Spain: A Phenomenological Perspective

Adoption is considered a lifelong process for those involved in it. In this vein, adoptees’ lives seem to be impacted by their origins and every experience that occurred before their adoption. The aim of this study is to explore adult adoptees’ experience with respect to their adoptive condition, communication about origins, and search for their origins. In this study, 11 adult adoptees took part, 10 women and one man aged between 18 and 26 years. Interviews were conducted to examine participants’ experiences, which were subsequently analyzed following interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results showed that most of the participants experience an open communication about origins and adoption with their parents and their environment. However, participants pointed to the existence of some limits in such communication. Participants noted a similar experience with respect to search. Based on the results, future studies should focus on the study of adoption in different stages of adulthood.
Gendered feelings of unsafety and avoidance of local central areas in Finland 2001–2016

ABSTRACT There is a lack of knowledge about fear-of-crime-related place avoidance in Finland. International studies have examined different aspects of fear of crime and avoidance. However, examinations of the association between feelings of unsafety and place avoidance are rarer. This study takes on a less-researched perspective and examines the association between feelings of unsafety and avoidance of local central areas in Finland in 2001–2016. It conducts a gendered assessment of the association and distinguishes between different degrees of urbanization. As a methodological contribution, this study conducts cross-sectional time-series analysis. The research data consist of Finnish survey data from 2001 to 2016. The results show that levels of feelings of unsafety and avoidance in local central areas remain relatively stable during the examined period. Furthermore, the considered association is stronger among women than among men, regardless of the degree of municipality or neighbourhood urbanization. Interestingly, the strength of the considered association is more stable among women than among men. Furthermore, of all the considered independent and contextual factors, gender is the most consistently relevant factor in all areas of different degrees of urbanization. Implications of the results are discussed.
The Strathclyde Inventory: Development of a Brief Instrument for Assessing Outcome in Counseling According to Rogers’ Concept of the Fully Functioning Person

Abstract The Strathclyde Inventory is a self-report instrument assessing Rogers’ concept of the fully functioning person. Using data collected from a UK-based counseling service, we investigated its validity for use as an outcome measure, and produced a 12-item brief version that maintained fit to the Rasch model and construct representation.
Characterization of Natural Zeolite and Chicken Manure Derived Biochar for Carbon Dioxide Adsorption in Biogas

Although biogas is clean and environmentally friendly, its existence is often unsustainable, especially in rural area. Consumption of fossil fuel energy still dominates because cheaper, higher in energy efficiency and ready to use than biogas. One of the efforts to make biogas can compete with fossil fuel energy is by increasing calorific value. Reduction of carbon dioxide by adsorption enhances the calorific value that evidenced by methane enrichment. In this study, we investigated the effect three types of combined adsorbent: pure natural zeolite (Z-Z), zeolite-biochar from chicken manure (Z-B1) and zeolite-modified biochar (Z-B2) on methane content. The result showed that adsorption of biogas using Z-Z, Z-B1 and Z-B2 increased methane level with enhancement of 1,36; 28,92; and 11,27% respectively compared before adsorption. To confirm whether these results were influenced by adsorbent’s character or not as consequence adsorbent characterization have been done in this study.
Multiscale Characterization of Fracture Patterns: A Case Study of the Noble Hills Range (Death Valley, CA, USA), Application to Geothermal Reservoirs

In the basement fractured reservoirs, geometric parameters of fractures constitute the main properties for modeling and prediction of reservoir behavior and then fluid flow. This study aims to propose geometric description and quantify the multiscale network organization and its effect on connectivity using a wide-ranging scale analysis and orders scale classification. This work takes place in the Noble Hills (NH) range, located in the Death Valley (DV, USA). The statistical analyses were performed from regional maps to thin sections. The combination of the length datasets has led to compute a power law exponent around −2, meaning that the connectivity is ruled by the small and the large fractures. Three domains have been highlighted in the NH: (1) domain A is characterized by a dominance of the NW/SE direction at the fourth order scale; (2) domain B is characterized by a dominance of the E/W and the NW/SE directions at respectively the fourth and third order scales; (3) domain C is also marked by the E/W direction dominance followed by the NW/SE direction respectively at the fourth and third order scale. The numerical simulations should consider that the orientation depends on scale observation, while the length is independent of scale observation.
Choreographing atmospheres in Copenhagen: Processes and positions between home and public

This article explores how people choreograph spaces to feel particular ways through material objects and intangible phenomena like light and sound. Drawing on theories of atmospheres and ethnographic fieldwork in Copenhagen, we argue that while there has been a proliferation of research on atmospheres in urban studies, we also need to attend empirically to the processes through which they come into being, consolidate and coagulate. Through exploring the interplay between domestic and urban spaces, we highlight the volatility and inherently social character of atmospheres. This entails how people’s dynamic positioning within an urban atmosphere comes to matter for people’s sense of the city. We exemplify with one such sensation of the city through the concept of ‘midding’, as the feeling of comfortably being on the perimeter of a situation. Exploring atmospheric positionings and processes enlightens our understanding of the urban atmosphere and shows how shared atmospheric moments connect people in time and space, stressing the importance of urban design to allow for such sharing.
Coupled spin waves and crystalline electric field levels in candidate multiferroic ErFeO3

We report an inelastic neutron scattering study of candidate multiferroic ErFeO 3, a compound that has been previously reported to have three different magnetic states and undergoes signatures of Fe 3 + − Er 3 + cooperative coupling. The spectrum at low energy transfer is dominated by excitations of the Er 3 + character, even above the Er 3 + antiferromagnetic ordering temperature of 4.5 K. In addition, a crystalline electric field excitation at 6 meV exhibits additional energy splitting upon cooling through 4.5 K with mode-dependent polarization. This indicates different moment directions for these modes, an interesting consequence of C y ordering of the Er 3 + moments.
Electric Double Layer Doping of Charge-Ordered Insulators α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 and α-(BETS)2I3

Field-effect transistors based on strongly correlated insulators are an excellent platform for studying the electronic phase transition and simultaneously developing phase transition transistors. Molecular conductors are suitable for phase transition transistors owing to the high tunability of the electronic states. Molecular Mott transistors show field-induced phase transitions including superconducting transitions. However, their application to charge-ordered insulators is limited. In this study, we fabricated electric double layer transistors based on quarter-filled charge-ordered insulators α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 and α-(BETS)2I3. We observed ambipolar field effects in both compounds where both electron and hole doping (up to the order of 1013 cm−2) reduces the resistance by the band filling shift from the commensurate value. The maximum field-effect mobilities are approximately 10 and 55 cm2/Vs, and the gate-induced conductivities are 0.96 and 3.6 e2/h in α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 and α-(BETS)2I3, respectively. However, gate-induced metallic conduction does not emerge. The gate voltage dependence of the activation energy in α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 and the Hall resistance in α-(BETS)2I3 imply that the electric double layer doping in the present experimental setup induces hopping transport rather than band-like two-dimensional transport.