Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How does replacing natural forests with rubber and oil palm plantations affect soil respiration and methane fluxes?

Replacement of forest by agricultural systems is a major factor accelerating the emissions of greenhouse gases; however, related field studies in the tropics are very scarce. To evaluate the impact of forest transition to plantations on soil methane (CH4) and respiration (CO2) fluxes, we conducted measurements in an undisturbed forest, a disturbed forest, young and old rubber plantations, and an oil palm plantation on mineral soil in Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia. Methane fluxes and their controlling variables were monitored monthly over fourteen months; soil respiration was measured less frequently. All of the plantations were managed by smallholders and had never been fertilized. To assess the effect of common management practices in oil palm plantations, we added urea at a rate of 33.3 kg N/ha and thereafter monitored intensively soil CH4 fluxes. The soil acted as a sink for CH4 (kg CH4‐C·ha−1·yr−1) in the undisturbed forest (−1.4 ± 1.0) and young rubber plantation (−1.7 ± 0.7). This was not the case in the other land‐use systems which had fluxes similar to fluxes in the undisturbed forest, with 0.4 ± 0.9, −0.2 ± 0.3, and 0.2 ± 0.7 kg·ha−1·yr−1 in the disturbed forest, old rubber plantation, and oil palm plantation, respectively. In the oil palm plantation, there was no inhibitory effect of nitrogenous fertilizer on methanotrophy. Annual soil respiration (Mg CO2‐C·ha−1·yr−1) was higher in the oil palm plantation (17.1 ± 1.9) than in the undisturbed forest (13.9 ± 1.2) while other land‐use systems respired at a similar level to the undisturbed forest (13.1 ± 1.4, 15.9 ± 1.7, and 14.1 ± 1.0 in the disturbed forest, young, and old rubber plantations, respectively). Substrate (litterfall and soil) availability and quality exerted a strong control over annual fluxes of both gases along the land‐use gradient. Temporal variation in CH4 was extremely high and in respiration fluxes was moderate, but was not specifically linked to seasonal variation. Further comprehensive and long‐term research is critically needed to determine more thoroughly the direction and magnitude of changes in soil trace gas emissions as affected by forest‐to‐plantation conversion in the tropics.
The State of American Entrepreneurship: New Estimates of the Quantity and Quality of Entrepreneurship for 32 US States, 1988–2014

Assessing the state of American entrepreneurship requires not simply counting the quantity but also the initial quality of new ventures. Combining comprehensive business registries and predictive analytics, we present estimates of entrepreneurial quantity and quality from 1988 to 2014. Rather than a secular pattern of declining business dynamism, our quality-adjusted measures follow a cyclical pattern sensitive to economic and capital market conditions. Consistent with the role of investment cycles as a driver of high-growth entrepreneurship, our results highlight the role of economic and institutional conditions as a driver of both initial entrepreneurial quality and the scaling of new ventures over time.
Education on Old Age and Ageing in School: An Analysis of Students’ Conceptions of Old Age and Ageing and Implications for Teaching

Issues related to old age and ageing are an imperative topic in a society of long life, concerning everyone. Wherever possible, the age-related issues should also be adequately addressed and integrated into school education. This article gives an overview of perceptions of students in regard to external and self-images of old age, as conceptions from students are an important starting point for the development of teaching approaches. So far, there is an insufficient research situation in Germany regrading images of old age of children and adolescents. Guideline-supported individual interviews with 10 ninth graders (Mage = 15.2 years) were conducted and analyzed in order to get an insight into prevalent conceptions of old age and ageing in this age cohort. The students’ ideas result in a comprehensive category system. In summary, our investigation has shown that students do not hold one-sided positive or negative images of old age in general, although some aspects like the physical condition and exercise capacity are seen more negatively than for example the characteristics of older persons. Teaching approaches for biology lessons and other subjects, deducted from the students’ perceptions, are given in the discussion.
The Influence of Organizational Culture and Work Engagement Over Employee Performance Mediated by Employee Loyalty

Good employee performance is needed to achieve organizational goals and hospital success. The factors that can affect employee performance are organizational culture, work engagement, and employee loyalty. This study aims to analyze the influence of organizational culture and work engagement on employee performance with employee loyalty as an intervening variable at X Hospital, Jakarta. The design of this study is an explanatory causality study with a population of all employees at X Hospital. The sample in this study used a saturation sampling, which took all the study population as a sample, namely 68 respondents. The approach that used in this study taken by survey method that providing a questionnaire, with the measurement method using a Likert scale. The collected data were processed using descriptive and quantitative analysis tools. The testing for analyzing the data used the Path Analysis program AMOS. The results of this research showed that organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on employee performance (p=0.006), work engagement has a positive and significant effect on employee performance (p=***), and employee loyalty has a positive and significant effect on employee performance (p=***), organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on employee loyalty (p=***), and work engagement has a positive and significant effect on employee loyalty (p=***). The findings of this study indicate that organizational culture and work engagement have an effect on employee performance which is mediated by employee loyalty.
Compost Produced by Solid State Bioconversion of Biosolids: A Potential Resource for Plant Growth and Environmental Friendly Disposal

Abstract Compost produced by solid‐state bioconversion of the Indah Water Konsortium domestic wastewater treatment plant's sludge/biosolids significantly influenced the plant growth and development of corn (Zea mays). The solid‐state bioconversion refers to the control growth of microorganisms, generally on the surface of water‐insoluble substances for biodegradation of biopolymers and bioremediation of chemical compounds. Compost of biosolids with rice straw significantly increased plant height, shoot, and root dry weight. Moreover, it promoted 100.51% dry‐matter production compared to control. But the dry matter was recorded 46.80% only in urea (+N) application. The highest vegetative growth and delayed drying of basal leaves were attained using 1/2 of compost with 1/2 amount of urea, of the optimal dose of nitrogen (N) requirement for corn production. The recorded heavy metals concentration in plant tissues was quite low. Most of the heavy metals in composts of biosolids were on average 30 times lower compared to the standard limit of municipal solid waste in the United States. The compost of biosolids with rice straw provided superior performance in corn growth compared to the compost of biosolids with sawdust. Both evaluated composts produced by solid‐state bioconversion process were nonhazardous and did not contribute any detrimental effect or symptoms on corn growth and development. Simultaneously, it would behave as a potential sustainable environmentally friendly route of biosolids management and disposal as value added organic fertilizer for agronomic/horticultural use.
Observational Evidence of the Basin‐Wide Gyre Reversal in the Gulf of Taranto

The paper shows for the first time the observational evidence of basin‐wide gyre reversal in the Gulf of Taranto (north‐western Ionian Sea in the eastern Mediterranean Sea) by means of two specifically designed in situ oceanographic campaigns (based on CTD and ADCP measurements). The analysis of the in situ data shows a change in circulation from anticyclonic in October 2014 to cyclonic in June–July 2016. Furthermore, long‐term (1993–2018) analysis using gridded satellite altimetry data in the Gulf of Taranto shows that the cyclonic gyres are more frequent than anticyclonic gyres. The latter occur only for 2 to 3 years at a time in some decades.
Diagnosing the Influence of a Receding Snow Boundary on Simulated Midlatitude Cyclones Using Piecewise Potential Vorticity Inversion

Previous research has found a relationship between the equatorward extent of snow cover and low-level baroclinicity, suggesting a link between the development and trajectory of midlatitude cyclones and the extent of preexisting snow cover. Midlatitude cyclones are more frequent 50–350 km south of the snow boundary, coincident with weak maxima in the environmental Eady growth rate. The snow line is projected to recede poleward with increasing greenhouse gas emissions, possibly affecting the development and track of midlatitude cyclones during Northern Hemisphere winter. Detailed examination of the physical implications of a modified snow boundary on the life cycle of individual storms has, to date, not been undertaken. This study investigates the impact of a receding snow boundary on two cyclogenesis events using Weather Research and Forecasting Model simulations initialized with observed and projected future changes to snow extent as a surface boundary condition. Potential vorticity diagnosis of the modified cyclone simulations isolates how changes in surface temperature, static stability, and relative vorticity arising from the altered boundary affect the developing cyclone. We find that the surface warm anomaly associated with snow removal lowered heights near the center of the two cyclones investigated, strengthening their cyclonic circulation. However, the direct effect of snow removal is mitigated by the stability response and an indirect relative vorticity response to snow removal. Because of these opposing effects, it is suggested that the immediate effect of receding snow cover on midlatitude cyclones is likely minimal and depends on the stage of the cyclone life cycle.
The Effect of Albendazole Administration and Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation on Hemoglobin Level in Primary Schoolchildren with Soil-transmitted Helminth Infections

BACKGROUND: Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections were the highest infection in children aged 5–15 years old. They lead to iron deficiency anemia and folic acid deficiency. One of the strategies to treat the issues is anthelmintic administration with iron-folic acid supplementation. AIM: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of single-dose albendazole and albendazole with iron-folic acid supplementation on hemoglobin (Hb) levels in children with STHs. METHODS: This was an open-label randomized clinical trial conducted in Batubara Regency from September to November 2018. Subjects were primary schoolchildren with STH infections. They were grouped into albendazole and albendazole with iron-folic acid supplementation groups. The data were analyzed by independent t-test and Mann–Whitney U-test. RESULTS: From 139 children, 72 children received albendazole single dose and 67 children received albendazole with 30 mg iron and 250 μg folic acid weekly for 3 months. The median of baseline hemoglobin level was 12.2 gr/dL, whereas after intervention was 12.7 gr/dL. The hemoglobin level increases did not differ significantly between the two groups (p > 0.05). However, clinical improvement was observed. CONCLUSION: Iron-folic acid supplementation in addition to albendazole did not show any benefit for primary schoolchildren with STH infection in Batubara Regency, North Sumatera, Indonesia.
Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolates from urine of students in Benue State Polytechnic, Ugbokolo, Nigeria

Background: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) remains one of the most common infectious diseases diagnosed in developing countries. The widespread use of antibiotics against uro-pathogens has led to the emergence of antibiotic resistant species. Objectives: The study aimed at determining the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolates from urine of students in Benue State Polytechnic, Ugbokolo, Nigeria. Materials and methods: Three hundred and twenty seven (327) midstream urine samples from 137 (41.9%) males and 190 (58.1%) females were collected from students in hostels of Benue State Polytechnic, Ugbokolo. The urine samples were inoculated into the dried surfaces of Blood agar, MacConkey agar, Eosine Methylene Blue agar and Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte-deficient agar using a calibrated loop. The inoculated plates were aerobically incubated at 37oC for 24h. Colonies were sub-cultured repeatedly to obtain a pure culture. E.coli (ATCC 25922) and S. aureus (ATCC 25923) standard reference strain were used as control. The isolates were identified using cultural and biochemical characteristics such as Gram stain, Triple Sugar Iron agar test, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, citrate utilization, catalase, oxidase, urease and coaulase test. The identified species were then exposed to selected antibiotics to test for their susceptibility. Results: A high prevalence of 15.9% (n=327) was recorded in the study. Significant differences (P
The Impacts of Effective Supply Chain Management Practices and Banking Progress on Economic Growth in Southeast Asian Countries

The paper uses the GLS methodology to determine the correlation between supply chain practices, banking progress, and economic growth in Southeast Asian countries (except Singapore) on the author group database obtained from the World Data Progress Indicator (WDI) of the World Bank (WB) in the period 1998 - 2016. The results show that the increase in banking progress causes negative effects on economic growth while effective supply chain practices positively linked with economic growth. An imbalance between progress in the banking sector and the country’s economic growth can lead to negative effects.
A clinicopathological study of postdated pregnancy in GMC Jammu

Introduction: Post-term or postdated pregnancy is defined as pregnancy that persists beyond 294 days or 42 weeks of gestation. Its incidence is up to 10% of all pregnancies and carries increased risk to the mother and foetus. Aim: To study the maternal and foetal outcome in postdated pregnancies. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted in the department of gynaecology and obstetrics in GMC Jammu for a period of one year. 100 patients in the antenatal ward and labour room were selected for the study and were divided into two groups: Control groupGestational age 37-40 weeks & Study group Gestational age >40 weeks. Maternal and foetal complications were compared between the two groups. Results: Among the study group, 48% of women were between 26-30 years. 62% women were primigravida. There was increased rate of cesarean sections (28%) and instrumental deliveries (8%) in the study group. Acute foetal distress and meconium stained liquor was the most common indication for LSCS seen in 14% cases followed by cephalopelvic disproportion in 6% cases. There was increased incidence of maternal complications like LSCS (28%), PPH (16%) and sepsis (12%). Foetal complications were also increased in the study group like foetal asphyxia (12%), admission into NICU (14%) and intrauterine deaths (2%). Conclusion: Postdated pregnancy remains a clinical dilemma for an obstetrician. The choice is between watchful expectancy for labour to start or induction in postdated patients. Keeping in mind the increased complications associated with postdatedism, the safe approach seems to be early induction in case of post term pregnancies or careful monitoring by CTG and colour doppler studies if expectant management is decided.
Beyond 1.6 Tb/s Net Rate PAM Signal Transmission for Rack-Rack Optical Interconnects With Mode and Wavelength Division Multiplexing

In this article, a beyond 1.6 Tb/s net rate pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) communication system is experimentally demonstrated for 20 m rack-rack optical interconnects with low cost intensity modulation direct detection (IM-DD) architecture, which is enabled by mode division multiplexing (MDM) and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). The MDM with three linearly polarized modes is realized by a multiplane light conversion (MPLC) mode multiplexer with the maximum modal crosstalk less than – 20 dB. The experimental results show that 2.01 Tb/s (1.84 Tb/s net rate) PAM-6 signal carried on three modes and four wavelengths is successfully transmitted over 20 m standard OM2 multimode fiber (MMF) with the BERs of received signals from all channels below hard decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) threshold of 3.8 × 10–3. Look-up table (LUT) pre-distortion and Volterra nonlinear equalizer (VNLE) are employed for nonlinear impairment mitigation to improve the system performance. Compared to linear feedforward equalizer (FFE), 0.3 dB and 1 dB receiver sensitivity improvements are obtained by LUT and VNLE, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, our proposed scheme achieves the highest bit rate of 167.5 Gb/s per wavelength in MDM system with IM-DD structure. The experimental results show that our proposed PAM MDM communication scheme is a promising candidate for future 1.6 Tb/s short reach rack-rack optical interconnects.
Attenuated Interannual Variability of Austral Winter Antarctic Sea Ice Over Recent Decades

Changes in Antarctic sea ice modify surface circulation, deep‐water formation, and overturning circulation, affecting the ecosystem and the atmosphere‐ocean‐ice interaction. Recent studies focused on long‐term trends of Antarctic sea ice, but whether its variability has changed is less clear. By examining reanalysis data sets, we show an interdecadal attenuation in variability of austral winter Antarctic sea ice since the late 1990s. This mainly arises from declined surface pressure variations in response to a combined effect of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Compared to the pre‐1999 period, ENSO and the SAM have reduced variability in the post‐1999 period, and the linkage between them and Antarctic climate has weakened. The decreased level of variability over the 1999–2017 period may facilitate a more sensitive response of Antarctic sea ice to an external forcing, by enhancing the signal‐to‐noise ratio.
Daily Cropland Soil NOx Emissions Identified by TROPOMI and SMAP

We use TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument) tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) measurements to identify cropland soil nitrogen oxide (NOx = NO + NO2) emissions at daily to seasonal scales in the U.S. Southern Mississippi River Valley. Evaluating 1.5 years of TROPOMI observations with a box model, we observe seasonality in local NOx enhancements and estimate maximum cropland soil NOx emissions (15–34 ng N m−2 s−1) early in growing season (May–June). We observe soil NOx pulsing in response to daily decreases in volumetric soil moisture (VSM) as measured by the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite. Daily NO2 enhancements reach up to 0.8 × 1015 molecules cm−2 4–8 days after precipitation when VSM decreases to ~30%, reflecting emissions behavior distinct from previously defined soil NOx pulse events. This demonstrates that TROPOMI NO2 observations, combined with observations of underlying process controls (e.g., soil moisture), can constrain soil NOx processes from space.
Influence of Problem Based Learning Model on the Students Critical Thinking Ability and Biology Competence of Senior High 3 Pariaman

This research intends to determine the effect of Problem Based Learning model on students’ critical thinking skills and competences. This study was a quasi experimental research. The population of the study was the students of class X SMA Negeri 3 Pariaman. Random sample selection is done by randomizing the class. Sample that chosen was class X IA 4 as experimental class that given study treatment based on problem and class X IA 3 as control class that given study treatment usually. Instrument used to consist of critical thinking test, cognitive test, observation sheet of affective and psychomotor. Independent t-test and Mann Whitney U test was used for the analysis. Results showed that there was significant difference (sig<0,05) between control and experimental group. The conclusion of this study was Problem Based Learning model affected the students’ critical thinking skills and competences
Mental health situation during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia

In the beginning 2020, the world was shocked by the spread of a virus that has never been detected before, namely novel Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease is called Corona virus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Corona virus is a large family of viruses known to cause diseases ranging from the common cold to more severe illnesses such as Middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) and Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).
Single crystal diffraction with X-rays and neutrons: High quality at high pressure?

Abstract Single crystal X-ray and neutron diffraction is essential for determining occupancies, positional as well as static and dynamic displacement parameters in crystalline matter by measuring Bragg, satellite or diffuse reflections. In our contribution a new low-temperature high pressure cell for neutron single crystal diffraction will be presented. It is designed to operate from a few K to ambient temperature in “orange” cryostats at pressures up to at least 3 GPa. We will present first neutron diffraction results obtained at E4/HMI Berlin and discuss the quality of the data and the significance of the results. A software package has been written (as a part of the PROMETHEUS system), which deals with the data reduction for both X-ray and neutron high pressure cell single crystal data. Likewise a data collection program has been developed for single crystal data collection on four-circle diffractometers using Merrill-Bassett cells. A series of single crystal experiments on H2O and D2O ice VI and KDP (.
How Changes in Job Resources and Personal Resources Predict Employee Engagement

This study examines how job resources (i.e., job autonomy, supervisor support, and reward and recognition) and personal resources (i.e., self-efficacy and optimism) affect employee engagement with special reference to managerial employees apparel manufacturing industry in Sri Lanka. This explanatory study is positivistic and deductive, which adopted the survey strategy. The present study uses the mono method in data collection and analysis. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data, and analysis was done using SPSS. The hypothesized model of the study was tested using simple linear regression. Results revealed a positive impact of job resources and personal resources on employee engagement. This study contributes to the existing knowledge while providing many managerial implications.