Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fish and fisheries in the seagrass beds of the Quirimba Archipelago, Northern Mozambique

Despite being an important and widespread use of marine resources, tropical seagrass fisheries have been the subject of very few biological studies. The fish communities of tropical seagrass beds have also been little studied in comparison to the fish communities of coral reefs, which have been the subject of extensive research. Seagrass fisheries are of importance to coastal communities in developing countries because they are usually shallow and close to shore, and in many cases are more accessible than coral reefs, especially to the poorest fishers on foot or in small canoes. The importance of seagrass beds as a component of the interacting tropical coastal ecosystem (with coral communities and mangroves) is more widely recognised. Seagrass beds are often acknowledged as important nursery areas for fisheries or for their role in nutrient cycling and this is often incorporated to some extent in their management. However, the direct use value of seagrass beds as habitats for economically important species is largely ignored. The faunal diversity of seagrass systems is also something that has been studied to a limited extent. Whereas coral reefs are described as the "rainforests of the sea", seagrasses are often thought of as monospecific marine grasslands, productive but not particularly diverse. In this thesis a fishery based almost exclusively on seagrass beds is described, the seagrass beds are characterised in terms of plant species diversity, biomass and cover, and the seagrass fish communities which the fishery exploits is described. Experiments to determine the relative fish productivity and diversity in three of the main seagrass species are described, and experiments determine the efficiency of the trap fishing methods used by local fishers in the seagrass beds. Five of the most abundant species in the fishery, Siganus sutor, Leptoscarus vaigiensis, Lethrinus variegatus, Lethrinus lentjan and Gerres oyena are studied in more detail, aspects of their biology and life histories are described and are related to possible management strategies for the seagrass fishery. The seagrass fishery was found to be highly productive, to have a remarkably high species diversity and was the major single source of income to local people. The main species of fish in the fishery were found to have very different life histories and ecology, and this coupled with the high overall species diversity presents the prospective manager with the challenge of sustaining an important fishery whilst conserving habitat
Vaccine effectiveness in preventing deaths in people with severe acute respiratory syndrome due to COVID-19 in Blumenau, Brazil, 2021

ABSTRACT Objective to analyze the vaccine effectiveness in preventing deaths attributed to severe acute respiratory syndrome due to COVID-19 (SARS/COVID-19) in adults and the elderly, in Blumenau, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2021. this was a population-based study conducted among individuals aged 20 years and older hospitalized with SARS/COVID-19; each death due to SARS/COVID-19 was considered a “case”, and every survivor was considered a “control”; the association between vaccination status and the outcome of “death” was estimated using logistic regression, and vaccine effectiveness was estimated as (1-OR)*100. The study included 1,756 cases of SARS/COVID-19 (59.2% male, mean age of 56 years, 50.4% with elementary education, 68.4% with comorbidities and 39.1% in intensive care), of whom 398 died (cases) and 1,358 survived (controls); vaccine effectiveness was 74% and 85% (20-59 years old) and 72% and 75% (≥ 60 years old), respectively, for those who were partially vaccinated and fully vaccinated. Conclusion vaccines proved to be effective in reducing case fatality ratio due to SARS/COVID-19 in individuals ≥ 20 years old.
Preventing repeat and near repeat crime concentrations

Crime is highly concentrated: Most crime is a rehearsal for further crime against the same or similar targets, at the same or similar locations, and perhaps theft of the same type of products. The study of repeat victimization has evolved into that on crime hotspots and other forms of near repeat, and led to predictive policing. The F-B-I theory of crime concentration notes how some targets have characteristics that Flag them as attractive, offenders learn some targets or places are attractive which Boosts the chances of further crime, while the Interaction of potential offenders and suitable targets creates high crime locations. There is strong evidence that targeting crime concentrations with prevention resources can succeed but that it is not necessarily easy to implement appropriate tactics. Hence while there is great potential, much research remains to be undertaken in this rapidly evolving and important area.
Childcare centre attendance and health, growth, and development among children aged 0–3 years in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review

Background Lack of childcare for children aged 0–3 years has emerged as a global crisis, accentuated by women’s increasing workforce participation and recognition that young children require nurturing care. Through this systematic review, we sought to examine associations between childcare centre attendance in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and children’s health, growth, and development, and to generate childcare centre programmatic and research recommendations for children aged 0–3 years. Methods We systematically searched PsycINFO, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane for articles on centre-based childcare for children aged 0–3 years in LMICs, published between 2000 and 2021 in English (or which were translated into English). We excluded articles on specialised subgroups or interventions. We imported the retrieved articles into Covidence for review and assessed them for bias using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment tool. Results Twenty-two articles (24 studies) met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 36 927 children from 10 countries across Mexico and South America (n = 12), Africa (n = 5), and Asia (n = 5). Outcomes included health (n = 12), growth/nutrition (n = 6), and development (n = 6). Study quality assessments were low; 41% exceeded 50% of quality criteria and 45% adjusted for confounders. Associations between childcare attendance and outcome measures were primarily negative for health (n/N = 7/12) and positive for growth/nutrition (n/N = 5/6) and development (n/N = 4/6). Childcare centre programmatic recommendations for children aged 0–3 years included: age-specific policies; program quality, including safety, hygiene, nutrition, and curriculum; access and affordability; parent engagement; financial support; and workforce development. Research recommendations included: study design, including enrolment age, frequency, duration, childcare type, home and childcare sociodemographic and cultural environments, child and caregiver outcomes, and analytical approaches; longitudinal studies; and implementation research. Conclusions Rigorous primary research in global childcare for young children is urgently needed. Policies, programmes, and investments in high-quality childcare can promote nurturing care for young children, enabling mothers to participate in the workforce. Registration PROSPERO: CRD42018105576.
The correlation between sub‐epidermal moisture measurement and other early indicators of pressure ulcer development—A prospective cohort observational study. Part 1. The correlation between sub‐epidermal moisture measurement and ultrasound

Abstract The correlation between sub‐epidermal moisture (SEM) and other early indicators of pressure ulcer (PU) development is yet to be determined. This three‐part series aims to bridge this knowledge gap, through investigating SEM and its correlation with evidence‐based technologies and assessments. This article focuses on the correlation between SEM and ultrasound. A prospective cohort observational study was undertaken between February and November 2021. Patients undergoing three surgery types were consecutively enrolled to the study following informed consent. Assessments were performed prior to and following surgery for 3 days at the sacrum, both heels and a control site, using a SEM scanner and high‐frequency ultrasound scanner (5–15 MHz). Spearman's rank (r s ) explored the correlation between SEM and ultrasound. A total of 60 participants were included; 50% were male with a mean age of 58 years (±13.46). A statistically significant low to moderately positive correlation was observed between SEM and ultrasound across all anatomical sites (r s range = 0.39–0.54, p < 0.05). The only exception was a correlation between SEM and ultrasound on day 0 at the right heel (r s = 0.23, p = 0.09). These results indicate that SEM and ultrasound agreed in the presence of injury; however, SEM was able to identify abnormalities before ultrasound.
Rhinovirus infection and co-infection in children with severe acute respiratory infection during the COVID-19 pandemic period

ABSTRACT Rhinovirus causes respiratory tract infections in children and is found in co-infections. The objective of this research was to study the clinical profile of rhinovirus infection and co-infection in children with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) during the COVID-19 pandemic period. We included 606 children ranging in age from 0.1 to 144 months of age from March 2020 to December 2021, hospitalized in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). The samples were collected by secretion from the nasopharynx region. A total of 259 children were tested positive for viral infection, 153 (59.07%) of them had a single rhinovirus infection and, 56 (36.6%) were aged between 60.1 and 144 months. Nine types of co-infections were identified and were found coinfection with three or more viruses (22/104, 21.15%). Observing the seasonality, the number of cases was similar between 2020 (49.53%) and 2021 (51.47%). Patients with a single infection (86.88%) and coinfection (67.30%) were more likely to have coughed. Patients with co-infection required the use of O2 for longer than those with a single rhinovirus infection. Hemogram results obtained from individuals with a single infection had higher levels of urea when compared to patients with co-infection with and other respiratory viruses. Multiple correspondence analyses indicated different clinical symptoms and comorbidities in patients with co-infection compared to those with single infection. The results found that the rhinovirus was much prevalent virus during the pandemic period and was found in co-infection with other virus types, what is important to diagnostic for the correct treatment of patients.
Relationship Between Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine Use and Hearing Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background and Objectives Chloroquine and its analog hydroxychloroquine are derivatives of 4-aminoquinoline and are regularly used in the treatment of malaria and autoimmune diseases. Among the side effects of these drugs, alterations associated with the auditory system are frequently mentioned. Thus, the aim of this systematic review is to systematically review publications on hearing disorders and chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine use. Materials and Methods Inclusion criteria were observational or interventional studies on audiological assessment in participants who were using chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine. The methodological quality was independently assessed by two reviewers using the Meta-Analysis of Statistics: assessment and review Instrument. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool. Results A total of 1,372 non-duplicate papers were screened, out of which 17 were included in the final qualitative synthesis, and 5 studies in the meta-analysis. The odds ratio for the two subgroups evaluated did not show significance with no heterogeneity between the effects observed between the different diseases (I2=0%) and obtaining the global estimate of 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.41-1.39; p>0.05). Despite the inclusion of papers with different disease samples, the heterogeneity observed in the analysis was low (I2= 0%) and prediction interval (95% PI=0.32-1.80; p>0.05) remained close to that estimated by the CI (95% CI=0.41-1.39; p>0.05). The certainty of the evidence assessed by the GRADE tool was considered very low due to the risk of bias, indirect evidence, and imprecision. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that the use of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine is not associated with hearing disorders.
Calibration of a magnetometer array using motion capture equipment

This paper studies the problem of calibrating an array of single‐axis magnetometers in an unknown static inhomogeneous magnetic field using motion capture equipment. A proof of identifiability is given, practical identifiability of calibration parameters is established in simulation, and real world experiments are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach. Unlike many state of the art techniques, the proposed solution does not require a homogeneous field, as in fact, we demonstrate that an inhomogeneous field enlarges the set of identifiable parameters. Under the above‐mentioned assumptions, this approach may be used to extend self‐calibration techniques of visual‐inertial setups to magnetic sensor arrays in indoor environments.
Music as math waves: exploring trigonometry through sound

Students studying transformations of trigonometric functions may learn formulas associated with period and frequency without developing an understanding of the concepts themselves. In this article, the authors present a task that uses arts integration in the form of sound waves to help students explore the relationship between period and frequency. Students are guided through a task of generating a ringtone for a smartphone that blends music, maths, and technology. Links to worksheets and a sample ringtone are provided to facilitate a teacher's implementation of the task; suggestions and advice are included. Using the arts to teach traditional STEM topics, an initiative known as STEAM offers promising opportunities for students to apply creative elements to solve technical problems. Although the topic in this article is suitable for precalculus students, STEAM-based instruction is applicable across multiple grade levels.
Seeing myself through the eyes of my peers: Explaining the self-concept of students with and without special educational needs through acceptance and friendship.

INTRODUCTION Paving the way towards inclusive education, it is essential to aim for positive social outcomes for all students, including cultivating a positive self-concept and fostering acceptance and friendships with peers. Although self-concept, acceptance and friendships are interrelated, research focussing on the relationship between these constructs remains limited. METHOD This study examined the self-concept, acceptance and friendships of two groups of typically developing students in secondary education (n = 401) and two groups of students in special secondary education with either an intellectual disability (ID) (n = 58) or social, emotional and behavioural difficulties (SEBD) (n = 68). RESULTS Lower self-concept scores were found for students with ID on some dimensions, whereas typically developing students reported lower acceptance and friendship scores. Multilevel analyses indicated that acceptance is a predictor for several different dimensions of self-concept in the different groups of students, but friendship is less likely to predict self-concept scores. DISCUSSION The results of the study emphasize the importance of promoting peer acceptance amongst all students in inclusive school settings in order to realize the intended positive social outcomes of inclusive education.
USE OF HELICOPTERS TO SURVEY NORTHERN BOBWHITE POPULATIONS ON RANGELAND

Northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are of management importance throughout south Texas (Guthery 1986:157). Harvest management procedures vary greatly; however, deer management usually includes a fall helicopter survey to determine herd characteristics for harvest prescriptions. During these surveys, coveys of bobwhites are often seen and recorded, but the data are unused in management because of untested bias and precision. Lehmann (1984:111) mentioned using a helicopter to survey bobwhites and Attwater's prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus cupido attwateri) but did not discuss details. We examined the use of line transects conducted from a helicopter to estimate bobwhite density. Our objectives were to detemine if (1) helicopter speed or altitude affected quail counts, (2) unbiased estimates of bobwhite density could be derived from helicopter counts, and (3) helicopter counts were economically feasible compared to 2 other methods of density estimation.
Correlation of GABA+ levels in the medial prefrontal cortex and circulating follicular helper T cells in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients with cognitive impairment

Abstract Background Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) associated with cognitive impairment (CI) is acknowledged. However, the underlying pathogenesis and involvement of the immune system remain unclear. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the alterations in immune cells, cytokines, and GABA+ levels in NMOSD patients with cognitive deficits. Methods Thirty‐eight NMOSD patients and 38 healthy controls (HCs) were included. NMOSD patients were stratified as NMOSD‐CI and NMOSD‐CP groups. The difference in cognitive functions, Tfh and cytokines, and GABA+ levels were assessed, and their correlations were calculated. Results NMOSD‐CI patients showed worse performance on all cognitive tests, and the percentage of circulating follicular helper T cells (cTfh) was significantly elevated. The frequency of cTfh was positively and negatively correlated with Stroop‐A and AVLT long‐delayed scores, respectively. IL‐21 was remarkably higher in NMOSD‐CI and NMOSD‐CP. The level of GABA+ in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was significantly decreased in NMOSD‐CI and was proved positively and negatively correlated with Symbol Digit Modalities Test and the frequency of circulating Tfh cells, respectively. Conclusion In NMOSD‐CI patients, all cognitive domains were impacted, , while GABA+ levels in mPFC were decreased. GABA+ levels in NMOSD‐CI were negatively correlated with the frequency of cTfh, suggesting the underlying coupling mechanism between immune responses and neurotransmitter metabolism in CI in NMOSD patients.
The Spreading and Effects of Human Recombinant α-Synuclein Preformed Fibrils in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Mice

Parkinson's disease (PD) patients harbor seeding-competent α-synuclein (α-syn) in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is mainly produced by the choroid plexus (ChP). Nonetheless, little is known about the role of the CSF and the ChP in PD pathogenesis. To address this question, we used an intracerebroventricular (icv) injection mouse model to assess CSF α-syn spreading and its short- and long-term consequences on the brain. Hereby, we made use of seeding-competent, recombinant α-syn preformed fibrils (PFF) that are known to induce aggregation and subsequent spreading of endogenous α-syn in stereotactic tissue injection models. Here, we show that icv-injected PFF, but not monomers (Mono), are rapidly removed from the CSF by interaction with the ChP. Additionally, shortly after icv injection both Mono and PFF were detected in the olfactory bulb and striatum. This spreading was associated with increased inflammation and complement activation in these tissues as well as leakage of the blood–CSF barrier. Despite these effects, a single icv injection of PFF didn't induce a decline in motor function. In contrast, daily icv injections over the course of 5 days resulted in deteriorated grip strength and formation of phosphorylated α-syn inclusions in the brain 2 months later, whereas dopaminergic neuron levels were not affected. These results point toward an important clearance function of the CSF and the ChP, which could mediate removal of PFF from the brain, whereby chronic exposure to PFF in the CSF may negatively impact blood–CSF barrier functionality and PD pathology.
First Record of a Small Juvenile Giant Crocodyliform and its Ontogenetic and Biogeographic Implications

Abstract Deinosuchus is a genus of large crocodylian that inhabited North America during the Late Cretaceous. This massive predator has become one of the most well-known prehistoric organisms, with a considerable amount of literature on its biogeography, ecology, and evolution published. However, ontogenetic changes of Deinosuchus and other species of extinct large, predatory crocodyliforms have remained poorly understood because of a lack of remains known from juvenile individuals and issues surrounding the ability of histological analysis of adult material to provide information on yearly growth. Here, I describe a tooth from a juvenile Deinosuchus estimated at less than 1m in total body length. As the first reported specimen of a juvenile Deinosuchus, to the author's knowledge, in the literature, the new fossil evinces the extremely small size of young individuals of this taxon compared to adults more than 8 m and 3,500 kg. Furthermore, the tooth shows that some morphological discrepancies existed between the dentition of juvenile and adult Deinosuchus individuals, including the size of the nutritive region. In addition to being the first specimen of Deinosuchus from northeastern North America described in detail, the tooth emphasizes the biological extremes of attaining large body size in Deinosuchus and may add support to the hypothesis that the ontogeny of gigantic crocodyliforms was characterized by extended periods of juvenile growth.
Towards a rational approach to promoter engineering: understanding the complexity of transcription initiation in prokaryotes

Abstract Promoter sequences are important genetic control elements. Through their interaction with RNA polymerase they determine transcription strength and specificity, thereby regulating the first step in gene expression. Consequently, they can be targeted as elements to control predictability and tuneability of a genetic circuit, which is essential in applications such as the development of robust microbial cell factories. This review considers the promoter elements implicated in the three stages of transcription initiation, detailing the complex interplay of sequence-specific interactions that are involved, and highlighting that DNA sequence features beyond the core promoter elements work in a combinatorial manner to determine transcriptional strength. In particular, we emphasize that, aside from promoter recognition, transcription initiation is also defined by the kinetics of open complex formation and promoter escape, which are also known to be highly sequence specific. Significantly, we focus on how insights into these interactions can be manipulated to lay the foundation for a more rational approach to promoter engineering.