Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Walking the thin line between Russula and Lactarius: the dilemma of Russula subsect. Ochricompactae.

Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Dépt. Systématique et évolution, USM602, F-75005 Paris, France Department of plant protection, Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil Research Station ACW, Rte De Duiller, CH-1260 Nyon, Switzerland Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, P. O. Box 85167, NL-3508 AD Utrecht, Netherlands Ghent University, Department of Biology, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium Fachbereich Biologie, Abt. Molekulare Phylogenetik, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Postfach 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
Interrelationship of Meloidogyne incognita and Ralstonia solanacearum Complex in Brinjal

Association of pathogenic and above pathogenic levels of inoculum of both Meloidogyne incognita and Ralstonia solanacearum increased the severity of wilt on brinjal crops as compared to associations of below pathogenic inoculum levels of both the pathogens. Inoculation of R. solanacearum alone and below pathogenic level of M. incognita could not reduce the plant growth parameters of brinjal significantly. In presence of R. solanacearum, M. incognita activities including population build up in soil and roots in brinjal crop were reduced compared to absence of the R. solanacearum.
Persistence of Carbamothioate Herbicides in Soils Pretreated with Butylate

Field and laboratory studies were conducted to examine effects of prior butylate use on biodegradation of subsequent applications of butylate and four other carbamothioate herbicides. Bioassays were used to demonstrate reductions of butylate and EPTC activity in four soils preconditioned by annual butylate applications. Combining these herbicides with dietholate, an enzyme inhibitor, prolonged persistence and restored normal herbicidal activity. Expected herbicidal efficacy occurred in adjacent plots with no history of carbamothioate use. Prior applications of butylate resulted in cross-adapted degradation of EPTC but not vernolate, pebulate, or cycloate. When samples of Cecil soil were treated in the laboratory with 14C-butylate, evolution of 14CO2 was significantly higher from soils that had received repeated field applications of butylate. The use of 14C-herbkides could be used to predict problem soils and potential herbicide failure.
Regulation des fonctions des spermatozoides humains par des steroides naturels et synthetiques

La progesterone l'un des composants du liquide folliculaire induit une augmentation rapide et transitoire de la concentration du calcium intracellulaire, de facon dose dependante. Elle induit aussi l'hyperactivation et la reaction acrosomique du spermatozoide humain. La progesterone est la molecule la plus puissante parmi les steroides testes (naturels et synthethiques) pour induire l'influx du calcium. Par contre, son antagoniste genomique le ru486 a un effet oppose sur ces fonctions. En plus, il inhibe la penetration des spermatozoides humains dans les ovocytes depellucides de hamster. D'autre part, ru486 inhibe les effets de la progesterone sur la concentration du calcium intracellulaire, sur la reaction acrosomique et la penetration des spermatozoides dans l'ovocyte depellucide de hamster. L'effet rapide de ces steroides sur le flux calcique suggere que leur site d'action est sur la membrane plasmique du spermatozoide au niveau de laquelle ils pourraient se fixer a un recepteur. Ce(s) recepteur(s) pourrait etre: 1) un recepteur de type gaba#a couple a un canal chlore ; 2) un recepteur de type tyrosine kinase ; 3) un recepteur de type sigma. Ce(s) recepteur(s) pourrait etre associes aux canaux calciques comme ceux de type voltage dependants pour modifier le flux du calcium et induire la reaction acrosomique. Des resultats obtenus sont en faveur d'une action de la progesterone et du ru486 sur des sites differents au niveau de la membrane plasmique du spermatozoide humain: 1) inefficacite relative du ru486 a inhiber l'effet de la progesterone sur le flux calcique ; 2) inefficacite d'un antagoniste d'un recepteur sigma le ru1968 a inhiber l'effet du ru486, alors qu'il inhibe l'effet de la progesterone sur le flux calcique
Physiological Basis for Differential Sensitivity to Sulfentrazone by Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) and Coffee Senna (Cassia occidentalis)

Consistent with field observations, sicklepod exhibited considerable tolerance to sulfentrazone, and coffee senna showed relatively high sensitivity to this herbicide in greenhouse tests. Germination was not inhibited in either species at up to 12.9 μM of the herbicide. However, the chlorophyll content of herbicide-treated coffee senna cotyledonary leaves was greatly reduced, and seedlings died within 10 d after treatment, while sicklepod seedlings were not visibly affected. Shoot height of coffee senna was inhibited 90% by sulfentrazone at 0.5 kg ai ha−1, while the growth of sicklepod was not affected up to 2.0 kg ai ha−1. Root uptake of radiolabeled sulfentrazone was 74% greater in coffee senna than sicklepod, but the amount of radioactivity recovered from the shoots of both species after 12 h was not different. Eighty-three percent of the parent compound remained in coffee senna leaf tissue after 9 h root exposure to the herbicide. In contrast, sicklepod took up relatively less sulfentrazone through the root and metabolized sulfentrazone in the foliage more rapidly than coffee senna, with 91.6% of the herbicide being metabolized during the first 9 h of exposure. These results suggest that the tolerance of sicklepod to sulfentrazone is primarily due to a relatively high rate of metabolism of the herbicide compared to coffee senna.
Fator erodibilidade e tolerância de perda dos solos do Estado de São Paulo

Erodibility factor (K) and soil loss tolerance (T) were determined for Sao Paulo State (Brazil) soils with base on the new Brazilian System of Soils Classification published in 1999. Twenty-five representative profiles from the new soils were studied. Bouyoucos’s expression was used for indirect determination of erodibility factor for A and B horizons. Soil loss tolerance was determined based on Smith and Stamey (1964). The extreme values of erodibility factor for A horizon were 0.4278 and 0.0044 t.ha. h/ha.MJ. mm, respectively for an Ultisol and a Dystric Gleisol. The extreme values of erodibility factor for B horizon were 0.5750 and 0.0038 t.ha. h/ha.MJ. mm, respectively for a Spodosol and an Oxisol. On the other hand, the extreme values of soil loss tolerance were 14.70 (Inceptisol/Entisol) and 3.00 (Ultisol) t/ha.year. It was determined that with the increase of the textural gradient there was a decrease in soil loss tolerance and increase in the soil erodibility factors
The Biogeochemistry of the Amazon Basin

1. The Relevance of Biogeochemistry to Amazon Development 2. General Characteristics and Variability of Climate in the Amazon Basin and its Links to the Global Climate System 3. The Atmospheric Component of Biogeochemical Cycles in the Amazon Basin 4. Soil versus Biological Controls on Nutrient Cycling in Terra Firme Forests 5. Nutrient Cycling as a Function of Landscape and Biotic Characteristics in the Cerrados of Central Brazil 6. Linking Biogeochemical Cycles to Cattle Pasture Management and Sustainability in The Amazon Basin 7. Nutrient Considerations in the Use of Silviculture for Land Development and Rehabilitation in the Amazon 8. Extractive Reserves and Participatory Research as Factors in the Biogeochemistry of the Amazon Basin 9. The Recovery of Biomass, Nutrient Stocks, and Deep-Soil Functions in Secondary Forests 10. The Interface Between Economics and Nutrient Cycling in Amazon Land Development 11. Carbon Storage in Biomass and Soils 12. Terrestrial Inputs to Amazon Streams and Internal Biogeochemical Processing 13. Geo-ecological Controls on Elemental Fluxes in Communities of Higher Plants in Amazonian floodplains 14. Biogeochemistry of Amazon Floodplain Lakes and Associated Wetlands 15. Organic Matter and Nutrients in the Mainstream Amazon River 16. Trace Elements in the Mainstream Amazon River 17. Biogeochemical Processes on the Amazon Shelf: Changes in Dissolved and Particulate Fluxes During River/Ocean Mixing
Geographic variation in ecophysiological traits of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa)1

Variation in traits related to photosynthesis and water-use were examined within and between geographic sources (provenances) of black cottonwood in two range-wide common garden experiments in British Columbia, Canada. In the first experiment, CO2 assimilation (A), stomatal conductance (gs), instantaneous intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi), stomatal density, specific leaf area, growth height, and foliar N were measured on five 2-year-old trees of 20 clones from five widely separated provenances (i.e., 4 clones per source). Leaf disks were analysed for stable carbon isotope composition (d13C) to provide a more long-term measure of WUE. Photosynthetic rate per unit leaf nitrogen was used as a measure of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). A differed between (p < 0.001), but not within provenances, and increased with latitude of origin (R2 = 0.70). NUE and WUEi also varied between (p = 0.034 and p = 0.039, respectively), but not within provenances. In contrast, no variation among provenances was detected for d13C, but there were strong differences between clones within provenances (p < 0.001). Variation in A was well correlated with foliar nitrogen, gs, and stomatal density and adaxial:abaxial distribution ratio; hence, WUEi, d13C and NUE were mostly unrelated to latitude or associated climate variables. Species-wide patterns in stomatal density and distribution were confirmed in the second experiment which utilized 140 clones. Stomatal density on the adaxial (but not the abaxial) leaf surface was strongly correlated with latitude (p <0.001). We speculate that northern provenances may have inherently higher A and gs to compensate for shorter growing seasons.
REGULATION OF THE LIPID RAFT LOCALIZATION OF THE GAL/GALNAC LECTIN, AN ADHESIN ON THE SURFACE OF THE HUMAN PROTOZOAN PARASITE, ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA

ii DEDICATION . iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv LIST OF FIGURES . ix CHAPTERS 1. LITERATURE REVIEW . 1 Lipid rafts: afloat in parasite membrane . 1 Adhesion: anchoring parasites to hosts . 5 Parasite armament: DRM-associated rhoptry and surface proteins open the gangway for Plasmodium spp. 6 Endocytosis: taking on nutrients . 11 Parasite motility: full steam ahead . 11 Cell signaling: aye, aye, captain’ . 13 Host cell lipid rafts: more than just docks . 15 Maintaining stowaway status: avoiding phagolysosomal acidification . 19 Safe harbor: evading the host immune system . 20 Targeting lipid rafts for disease management: all hands on deck . 22 Concluding remarks . 24 References . 25 2. EXPOSURE TO HOST LIGANDS CORRELATES WITH CO-LOCALIZATION OF GAL/GALNAC LECTIN SUBUNITS IN LIPID RAFTS AND PIP2 SIGNALING IN ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA Abstract . 35 Introduction . 36 Materials and Methods . 40 Results . 45 Discussion . 62 References . 67.35 Introduction . 36 Materials and Methods . 40 Results . 45 Discussion . 62 References . 67
Revisión de 13 especies de la familia Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas, en México

Los transmisores de Trypanosoma cruzi, flagelado causante de la enfermedad, se dividen en intradomiciliados, peridomiciliados y silvestres. Entre los intradomiciliados se encuentran, Triatoma barberi y Triatoma dimidiata, que son los que representan un mayor riesgo para la Salud Publica, en Mexico. Aunque Triatoma dimidiata se encuentra principalmente dentro de la vivienda, en Yucatan tiene un comportamiento peridomiciliar, dentro de este grupo se encuentran la mayoria de los transmisores de la enfermedad de Chagas Meccus longipennis, M. mazzottii, M. pallidipennis, M. phyllosomus, M. picturatus, Triatoma gerstaeckeri, T. mexicana, T. rubida, Dipetalogaster maxima, Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus y Rhodnius prolixus. Los transmisores peridomiciliados son de menor riesgo en la dinamica de transmision comparados con los intradomiciliados. Para el control de los transmisores intradomiciliados, se deben emplear programas de educacion para la salud, mejoramiento de vivienda e insecticidas; mientras que para los vectores visitantes o peridomiciliados, son necesarios programas de educacion para la salud, uso de mosquiteros, pabellones y cementacion de las bardas de piedra
China’s Consumption Function: An Empirical Test of Absolute and Permanent Income Hypothesis

The study investigated the empirical rationale of Absolute and Permanent Income Hypothesis (AIH) & (PIH) for China by applying the yearly data from 1970-2016. The outcomes of the research study dismissed the validity of PIH, at the same time it reinforced the soundness of AIH in the country. The aftereffects of CMMl demonstrate that any change that occurs in expected income significantly affects the innovation in real private consumption. Moreover, the share of forward-looking households is genuinely lower than backward-looking households. Under the CMM the estimated value of (1- λ) for China is 0.25, which implies that by and large 25 percent of the households set their consumption base on permanent income, albeit the rest of the families take their consumption preferences are subject to current income, notwithstanding the outcomes of the study bring up a solid dismissal of PIH for China.
A NEW COMBINATION IN BALEARIC RUBIA (RUBIACEAE)

Las poblaciones de Rubia balearica presentes en la isla de Cabrera (var. caespitosa Marcos) se distinguen de la variedad tipica por su habito, diversos caracteres morfologicos en hojas y tallos, un numero de cromosomas (2n=44) y un nivel de ploidia (4x) diferentes, asi como por diversas mutaciones nucleotidicas en las secuencias nucleares ribosomales ITS. La evaluacion de tales diferencias aconseja el tratamiento de la planta de Cabrera a nivel especifico como Rubia caespitosa (Marcos) Rossello.
CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITIN SYNTHASE AND CHITINASE GENE FAMILIES FROM THE AFRICAN MALARIA MOSQUITO

Chitin metabolism represents an attractive target site for combating insect pests as insect growth and development are strictly dependent on precisely toned chitin synthesis and degradation and this process is absent in humans and other vertebrates. However, current understanding on this process and the involved enzymes is rather limited in insects. In this study, two chitin synthase genes (AgCHS1 and AgCHS2 or AgCHSA and AgCHSB), and 20 chitinase and chitinase-like genes (groups I-VIII) presumably encoding the enzymes for chitin biosynthesis and degradation, respectively, were identified and characterized in African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Immunohistochemistry analysis and developmental stageand tissue-dependent transcript profiling by using reverse transcription PCR, real-time quantitative PCR, and in situ hybridization revealed new information on these genes. Current understanding on chitin synthases is extended by the expression profiles such as the localization of AgCHS1 and AgCHS2 transcripts in eggs, AgCHS2 transcripts in the posterior larval midgut, AgCHS1 and AgCHS2 proteins in the compound eyes, and AgCHS2 enzyme in pupal inter-segments. Chitinase and chitinase-like genes are highly diverse in their gene structure, domain organization, and stageand tissue-specific expression patterns. Most of these genes were expressed in several stages. However, some genes are stageand tissue-specific such as AgCht8 mainly in pupal and adult stages, AgCht2 and AgCht12 specifically in foregut, AgCht13 exclusively in midgut. Functional analysis of each chitin synthase gene was conducted by using the chitosan/dsRNA nanoparticle-based RNA interference (RNAi) through larval feeding. The repression of the AgCHS1 transcripts which are predominantly expressed in carcass initiated from the mosquito larval feeding of dsRNA suggests the systemic nature of RNAi in mosquito larvae. In addition, silencing of AgCHS1 increased larval susceptibilities to diflubenzuron, whereas silencing of AgCHS2 enhanced the peritrophic matrix disruption and thus increased larval susceptibilities to calcofluor white or dithiothreitol. Furthermore, a non-radioactive method was adapted and optimized to examine the chitin synthase activity in mosquitoes. By using this method, diflubenzuron and nikkomycin Z show limited in vitro inhibition on chitin synthase at high concentration in cell free system, whereas no in vivo inhibition was observed. CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITIN SYNTHASE AND CHITINASE GENE FAMILIES FROM THE AFRICAN MALARIA MOSQUITO
Osseointegration of Implant Placed in Extraction Socket and Augmented with Alloplastic Bone Substitutes and Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft in Comparison to Those Augmented with Alloplastic Bone Substitutes Only (A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial)

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the osseointegration around endosseous dental implants inserted in fresh extraction sockets using β-Tricalcium phosphate bone graft with and without subepithelial connective tissue graft.Methods: Twenty patients were enrolled in this study and allocated randomly to control group (Ten fresh extraction sockets were implanted by immediate dental implants and grafted by s-tricalcium phosphate) or test group (Ten fresh extraction sockets were implanted by immediate dental implants and grafted by s- tricalcium phosphate with a subepithelial connective tissue graft). The clinical parameters were monitored at 6,9 and 12 months post-implantation while the radiographic evaluation was conducted immediately after implant insertion(baseline),6 and 12 months postoperative. The implant stability was monitored using periotest at baseline,6 and 12 months after implantation. Results: All implants in both groups were well osseointegrated resulting in a 100% cumulative success rate after one year follow up. There were no significant differences between the studied groups regarding clinical and radiographically parameters throughout the study period. However, the patients in test groups displayed better assessments regarding pocket depth, periotest value, keratinized mucosa and marginal bone level than patients within the control group.Conclusion: The using of subepithelial connective tissue graft as a membrane with β-Tricalcium phosphate bone graft could improve osseointegration around dental implants in fresh extraction sockets.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes in hot and humid zone of West Bengal.

A survey was carried out to find out the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in cattle in hot and humid zone of West Bengal in respect of breed, managemental conditions, age of animal and season. A total of 1097 number of faecal samples were collected and examined from 52 villages of Amta and surrounding blocks of West Bengal during the period from April 2002 to October 2005. The overall infection rate was 76.17% and in cross bred cattle the infection rate was 72.55% and in non-descript cattle it was 80.65%. The infection rate was significantly lower (70.34%) in stall-fed animals than the animals which were managed semi-intensively (82.14%). Age wise infection rate was 77.38%, 81.43% and 70.45% in the animals below 1 year, within 1–3 years and above 3 years of age, respectively. Highest infection rate was observed during summer season (88.24%) followed by rainy season (82.76%), spring season (80.88%) and autumn (72.73%). The infection rate was significantly (P<0.05) lower in winter months (60.00%). Prevalence of strongyle infection was highest (64.04%) followed by amphistomes (53.02%), Schistosoma spp. (7.85%), Ascaris spp. (6.01%), Strongyloides spp. (5.23%), Trichuris spp. (2.15%), cestodes (1.56%) and Fasciola spp. (0.89%). The intermediate host (fresh water snails) for trematode infection was also surveyed and Indoplanorbis exustus, Lymnaea auricularia and Melanoides spp. were identified as predominant snails.
Berat Bayi Lahir Rendah Berdasarkan Paritas, Ketuban Pecah Dini dan Hipertensi

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) are a major factor in increasing mortality and morbidity in neonates, infants who have a long-term impact on life in the future. Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between parity, premature rupture of membranes and hypertension with LBW at Mardi Waluyo Metro Hospital in 2016. Methods: This study uses a cross sectional design. The study sample consisted of 302 newborns taken by quota sampling technique. The independent variables of the study included parity, premature rupture of membranes and hypertension, while the dependent variable was low newborns. Bivariate analysis using chi square test. Results: The results showed LBW prevalence of 25.5% of 302 infants and there was a correlation between LBW and parity (p = 0.024), premature rupture of membranes (p = 0.010) and hypertension (p = 0.000). Conclusions: The conclusions of this study are parity, premature rupture of membranes and hypertension increasing the prevalence of LBW. Latar belakang: Berat bayi lahir rendah (BBLR) merupakan faktor utama peningkatan mortalitas dan morbiditas pada neonatus, bayi yang memberikan dampak jangka panjang terhadap kehidupan di masa depan. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara paritas, ketuban pecah dini dan hipertensi dengan BBLR di RS Mardi Waluyo Metro Tahun 2016. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 302 bayi baru lahir yang diambil dengan teknik quota sampling. Variabel independen penelitian meliputi paritas, ketuban pecah dini dan hipertensi, sedangkan variabel dependen, yaitu bayi baru lahir rendah. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi BBLR 25,5% dari 302 bayi dan terdapat hubungan BBLR dengan paritas (p=0,024), ketuban pecah dini (p=0,010) dan hipertensi (p=0,000). Simpulan: Simpulan penelitian ini adalah faktor paritas, ketuban pecah dini dan hipertensi meningkatkan prevalensi BBLR.
Does Children’s Education Improve Parental Health and Longevity? Causal Evidence from Great Britain

Parents with better-educated children are healthier and live longer, but whether there is a causal effect of children’s education on their parents’ health and longevity is unclear. First, we demonstrate an association between adults’ offspring education and parental mortality in the 1958 British birth cohort study, which remains substantial—about two additional years of life—even when comparing parents with similar socioeconomic status. Second, we use the 1972 educational reform in England and Wales, which increased the minimum school leaving age from 15 to 16 years, to identify the presence of a causal effect of children’s education on parental health and longevity using census-linked data from the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study. Results reveal that children’s education has no causal effects on a wide range of parental mortality and health outcomes. We interpret these findings discussing the role of universal health care and education for socioeconomic inequality in Great Britain.