Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alternation emerges as a 1 multi-modal strategy for turbulent 2 odor navigation 3

Foraging mammals exhibit a familiar yet poorly characterized phenomenon, 14 “alternation”, a pause to sniﬀ in the air preceded by the animal rearing on its hind legs or raising 15 its head. Rodents spontaneously alternate in the presence of airﬂow, suggesting that alternation 16 serves an important role during plume-tracking. To test this hypothesis, we combine 17 fully-resolved simulations of turbulent odor transport and Bellman optimization methods for 18 decision-making under partial observability. We show that an agent trained to minimize search 19 time in a realistic odor plume exhibits extensive alternation together with the characteristic 20 cast-and-surge behavior observed in insects. Alternation is linked with casting and occurs more 21 frequently far downwind of the source, where the likelihood of detecting airborne cues is higher 22 relative to ground cues. Casting and alternation emerge as complementary tools for eﬀective exploration with sparse cues. A model based on marginal value theory captures the interplay between casting, surging and alternation.
Binary Response Dynamic Panel Data Models with Switching State Dependence

This paper studies identiﬁcation in binary response dynamic panel data models with switching state dependence. Departing from the standard approach of modelling binary response dynamic panel data models, where last period’s choice enters as an additional regressor, this paper allows for switching dependence where current period’s decision depends on whether this period’s choice diﬀers from last period’s choice. This form of correlation causes inertia in individual choices and is suitable for modeling cases where individuals face some form of high “switching costs”. This contemporaneous eﬀect in choices, where the choice an individual makes in the current period directly aﬀects current period’s latent utility, results in the model being logically inconsistent, making the model both incomplete and incoherent, which might result in lack of point-identiﬁcation.
Immunoepidemiologic Proﬁle of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection: Importance of Heat-Shock Protein 60 and Interferon- g

Epidemiological, animal, and in vitro investigations suggest that Chlamydia trachomatis infection engenders acquired immunity, the basis for which is incompletely deﬁned, especially in humans. In a prospective cohort study of women at high risk for C. trachomatis infection, we found that, at baseline and after adjustment for age and other potential confounding variables, production of interferon- g by peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with chlamydia heat-shock protein 60 strongly correlated with protection against incident C. trachomatis infection. This investigation supports a direct role for C. trachomatis –speciﬁc immune responses in altering the risk of infection and suggests immune correlates of protection that are potentially useful in vaccine development.
Using Nucleic Acid Microarrays To Perform Molecular Epidemiology and Detect Novel (cid:1) -Lactamases: a Snapshot of Extended-Spectrum (cid:1) -Lactamases throughout the World

The worldwide dissemination of extended-spectrum- (cid:1) -lactamase (ESBL)- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae is a major concern in both hospital and community settings. Rapid identiﬁcation of these resistant pathogens and the genetic deter-minants they possess is needed to assist in clinical practice and epidemiological studies. A collection of Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Klebsiella oxytoca , and Proteus mirabilis isolates, including phenotypically ESBL-positive ( n (cid:2) 1,093) and ESBL-negative isolates ( n (cid:2) 59), obtained in 2008–2009 from a longitudinal surveillance study (SMART) was examined using an in vitro nucleic acid-based microarray. This approach was used to detect and identify bla ESBL ( bla SHV , bla TEM , and bla CTX-M genes of groups 1, 2, 9, and 8/25) and bla KPC genes and was combined with selective PCR ampliﬁcation and DNA sequencing for complete characterization of the bla ESBL and bla KPC genes. Of the 1,093 phenotypically ESBL-positive isolates, 1,041 were identiﬁed as possessing at least one bla ESBL gene (95.2% concordance), and 59 phenotypically ESBL-negative isolates, used as negative con-trols, were negative. Several ESBL variants of bla TEM ( n (cid:2) 5), bla SHV ( n (cid:2) 11), bla CTX-M ( n (cid:2) 19), and bla KPC ( n (cid:2) 3) were detected. A new bla SHV variant, bla SHV-129 , and a new bla KPC variant, bla KPC-11 , were also identiﬁed. The most common bla genes found in this study were bla CTX-M-15 , bla CTX-M-14 , and bla SHV-12 . Using nucleic acid microarrays, we obtained a “molecular snap-shot” of bla ESBL genes in a current global population; we report that CTX-M-15 is still the dominant ESBL and provide the ﬁrst report of the new (cid:1) -lactamase variants bla SHV-129 and bla KPC-11 . bla and bla KPC genes identiﬁed by mi- croarray on an ABI 9700 thermocycler (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, of TEM, SHV, CTX-M, and KPC ampliﬁed Fisher’s exact test (two-tailed) used to evalu-ate differences in bla CTX-M , bla SHV , and bla TEM carriage rates between E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates. P value (cid:2) considered statis-tically signiﬁcant. the KPC Detection and identiﬁcation of bla KPC . All of the 28 bla KPC possessing isolates detected by microarray were positive for bla KPC genes by PCR, including 9 ESBL-negative isolates which had orig-inally been phenotypically characterized as ESBL positive. The 28 isolates were typed as bla KPC-2 ( n (cid:3) 16; 57%), bla KPC-3 ( n (cid:3) 8; 29%), and a new variant, bla KPC-11 ( n (cid:3) 4; 14%) (GenBank accession number HM066995). bla KPC-3 differs from bla KPC-2 by a single amino acid substitution (H272Y), and bla KPC-11 also differs from bla KPC-2 by a single amino acid substitution, but at position 103 (P103L). The bla KPC-11 isolates were collected from peritoneal ﬂuids or gastrointestinal specimens from four different patients hospitalized in the same department (Surgery General) in Greece in 2009.
Protein and Amino Acid Requirements during Pregnancy 1 – 3

Protein forms an essential component of a healthy diet in humans to support both growth and maintenance. During pregnancy, an exceptional stage of life de ﬁ ned by rapid growth and development, adequate dietary protein is crucial to ensure a healthy outcome. Protein deposition in maternal and fetal tissues increases throughout pregnancy, with most occurring during the third trimester. Dietary protein intake recommendations are based on factorial estimates because the traditional method of determining protein requirements, nitrogen balance, is invasive and undesirable during pregnancy. The current Estimated Average Requirement and RDA recommendations of 0.88 and 1.1 g $ kg 2 1 $ d 2 1 , respectively, are for all stages of pregnancy. The single recommendation does not take into account the changing needs during different stages of pregnancy. Recently, with the use of the minimally invasive indicator amino acid oxidation method, we defined the requirements to be, on average, 1.2 and 1.52 g $ kg 2 1 $ d 2 1 during early ( ; 16 wk) and late ( ; 36 wk) stages of pregnancy, respectively. Although the requirements are substantially higher than current recommendations, our values are ; 14 – 18% of total energy and fit within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range. Using swine as an animal model we showed that the requirements for several indispensable amino acids increase dramatically during late gestation compared with early gestation. Additional studies should be conducted during pregnancy to confirm the newly determined protein requirements and to determine the indispensable amino acid requirements during pregnancy in humans. Adv Nutr 2016;7(Suppl):839S – 44S.
Reduced Complexity Model Intercomparison Project (Phase 1)

Reduced complexity climate models (RCMs) are critical in the policy and decision making space, and are directly used within multiple Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports to complement the results of more comprehensive Earth System Models. To date, evaluation of RCMs has been limited to a few independent studies. Here we propose a systematic evaluation of RCMs in the form of the Reduced Complexity Model Intercomparison Project (RCMIP). We have performed 5 Phase 1 of RCMIP with two scientiﬁc themes: examining how RCMs compare to observations and how RCMs compare to results from more complex climate models such as those participating in the Sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). We also present our standardised data formats, experiment protocols and output speciﬁcations. So far 15 models have participated and submitted results for over 50 experiments. We present illustrative ﬁgures comparing model output with historic global surface air temperature (GSAT) observations, showing probabilistic projections, demonstrating different calibrations
Bmp2 Transcription in Osteoblast Progenitors Is Regulated by a Distant 3 (cid:2) Enhancer Located 156.3 Kilobases from the Promoter (cid:1) †

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (encoded by Bmp2 ) has been implicated as an important signaling ligand for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation and as a genetic risk factor for osteoporosis. To initially survey a large genomic region ﬂanking the mouse Bmp2 gene for cis -regulatory function, two bacterial artiﬁcial chromosome (BAC) clones that extend far upstream and downstream of the gene were engineered to contain a lacZ reporter cassette and tested in transgenic mice. Each BAC clone directs a distinct subset of normal Bmp2 expression patterns, suggesting a modular arrangement of distant Bmp2 regulatory elements. Strikingly, regulatory sequences required for Bmp2 expression in differentiating osteoblasts, as well as tooth buds, hair placodes, kidney, and other tissues, are located more than 53 kilobases 3 (cid:1) to the promoter. By testing BACs with engineered deletions across this distant 3 (cid:1) region, we parsed these regulatory elements into separate locations and more closely reﬁned the location of the osteoblast progenitor element. Finally, a conserved osteoblast progenitor enhancer was identiﬁed within a 656-bp
New Tools for Dengue Diagnostics New Tools for Dengue Diagnostics

Dengue caused by four antigenically distinct serotype remains a serious health concern around the world, particularly in the tropical areas. Clinical signs and symptoms of this disease are indistinguishable from other infectious disease; therefore, laboratory diagno- sis is very crucial for confirming the disease that will be useful for the patient’s manage -ment. In laboratory, dengue can be confirmed using cell culture, RNA detection, and serological detection based on ELISA and immunochromatographic test. However, each of these methods has certain practical limitations. Therefore, researchers from all over the world have been working to address these limitations. In this chapter, we will highlight the current research toward the development of novel point-of-care test for the diagnosis of dengue in acute and convalescent phase.
IMPROVING PRODUCTION QUALITY OF LILY FLOWERS BY USING ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND YEAST AS A VIABLE ALTERNATIVE TO ETHYLENE INHIBITORS

The experimental trial was consummated throughout two successive seasons (2010 and 2011) at Ornamental Plants Research and Landscape Dep. , Hort. Res. Inst, Giza. It intended to find out the individual effect of mycorrhizal colonization and yeast or the combination between both as a biofertilizer. Besides the combined effect with half dose of NPK as preharvest treatments on ethylene production by flowers and keeping quality of cut flowers of Lilium asiaticum cv. Nello. The obtained results showed that all treatments significantly stimulated most of the studied characters compared with that gained from control plants. The inoculation of Lilium with either AM fungi and /or yeast supported the highest values of flower vase life and longevity of flowers and leaves. The addition of AM fungi solely or combined with yeast and/ or ½ NPK gave the maximum flower opening percentage, increased flower diameter, water uptake as well as the percentage of increase in fresh weight. The same combination revealed that leaves had higher total chlorophylls content and the flowers had higher total sugars%. In respect to ethylene production, it was noticed that Mycorrhizal colonization either solely or in combination with yeast and/or ½ NPK decreased flower ethylene production. Thus, mycorrhizal colonization may be a viable alternative to toxic ethylene inhibitors such as silver thiosulfate, since STS has proven to be environmental pollutant.
CAMBRIDGE WORKING PAPERS IN ECONOMICS JANEWAY INSTITUTE WORKING PAPERS National Accounts in a World of Naturally Occurring Data: A Proof of Concept for Consumption

This paper provides the first proof of concept that naturally occurring transaction data, arising from the decentralized activity of millions of economic agents, can be harnessed to produce national accountslike objects. We deploy comprehensive transaction-level data and its associated metadata arising from the universe of Spanish retail accounts of Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA). We organize the resulting 3 billion individual transactions by 1.8 million bank customers in a large and highly detailed representative consumption panel to show (i) that the aggregation of such data, once organized according to national accounting principles, can reproduce current official statistics on aggregate consumption in the national accounts with a high degree of precision and, as a result of the richness of transaction data, (ii) produce novel, highly detailed distributional accounts for consumption. Finally, exploiting the panel nature of our data, we (iii) offer a non-parametric analysis of individual consumption dynamics across the consumption distribution. Reference Details 2244 Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 2220 Janeway Institute Working Paper Series Published 20 July 2022 Websites www.econ.cam.ac.uk/cwpe www.janeway. econ.cam.ac.uk/working-papers National Accounts in a World of Naturally Occurring Data: A Proof of Concept for Consumption∗ Gergely Buda Barcelona School of Economics Stephen Hansen Imperial College and CEPR Tomasa Rodrigo BBVA Research Vasco M. Carvalho University of Cambridge and CEPR Álvaro Ortiz BBVA Research José V. Rodŕıguez Mora University of Edinburgh and CEPR
Properties of Green function of symmetric stable processes

Abstract: We study the Green function GD(x, y) of symmetricα-stable processes in R for an open set D(0 < α < 2, d ≥ 3). Our main result gives the upper and the lower bound estimates of GD(x, y) for a bounded open set D with aC boundary. We also get a more direct formula for the Green function for a bal l. As a simple conclusion we obtain “3G Theorem” and estimates of E(τD), whereτD is the exit time ofD. 2000 AMS Mathematics Subject Classification:Primary: -; Secondary: -;
AN ASYMPTOTICALLY OPTIMAL SELECTION OF THE ORDER OF A LINEAR PROCESS

SUMMARY. A linear zero mean infinite order not necesssarily Gaussian autoregressive process with unobservable errors that constitute a sequence of i.i. d random variables with mean zero and variance ae 2 is assumed and the issue of asymptotic optimality of the order selected by a selection procedure is discussed. The paper greatly improves upon previous results since it only requires the existence of the fourth moments of the error distribution for the evaluation of the lower bound of the mean squared error of prediction and consequently provides the mildest possible conditions required for the asymptotic optimality for AICitype selection criteria to be established. In addition, certain extensions regarding the asymptotic optimality for the order selected of nonzero mean AR processes as well as the asymptotic optimality from the spectral density point of view are discussed.
Crisis communication, race, and natural disasters Crisis communication, race, and natural disasters

This study compares differences in crisis preparation, information-seeking patterns, and media use on the basis of race in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. Surveys are collected from 935 Katrina evacuees relocated in different areas of the United States. Results indicate differences in crisis preparation and information seeking on the basis of race. Results also demonstrate a continued need to create messages encouraging crisis preparation, especially among at-risk subpopulations.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SLEEP QUALITY WITH STRESS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted negatively on lives all around the world. Indonesia implemented physical distancing and lockdown to prevent the spread of this virus. However, without realising it, the implementation of these rules can have a negative effect on physical and mental health, including stress. In a study of 113.285 people conducted in China, India, Spain, Italy, and Iran, stress was found to be prevalent in 53% of the population. Sudden changes in lifestyle (physical distancing and lockdown) can lead to less physical activity and poor sleep quality, both of which can lead to stress. Physical activity and sleep quality in the context of stress give inconsistent results. Therefore, researchers are interested in examining the correlation between physical activity and sleep quality with the incidence of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. a cross-sectional the this In study, physical was measured using the International Physical Short Form, sleep was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep and stress was measured using the Perceived Stress The data obtained was analysed using the chi-square and kolmogorov-smirnov test with a significance limit <0.05. According there
CBT-I IN PTSD: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

327 CBT-I in PTSD—Talbot et al INTRODUCTION As many as 90% of individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) report nightmares and insomnia1,2 and even when nightmares are excluded, sleep disturbance is the most frequently reported symptom of PTSD.3 A survey of Vietnam combat veterans with PTSD showed that 59% to 73% of subjects with PTSD report insomnia and nonrestorative sleep.4 Moreover, self-reported poor sleep quality in PTSD appears to be minimally influenced by age, sex, and psychiatric comorbidity.5 Due to the frequency and severity of sleep disturbance, more than 50% of patients with PTSD on psychopharmacologic medications are prescribed trazodone or sedative hypnotic drugs.6,7 In addition to experiencing poor sleep as disturbing, individuals with PTSD may suffer from numerous sleep related consequences including a worse course of PTSD, CBT-I IN PTSD: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
The Shadow Value of Unconventional Monetary Policy ∗

We quantify how central bank unconventional monetary policy, in the form of funding facil-ities, reduced the banking sector’s intrinsic fragility in the euro area in 2014-2021. We estimate a micro-structural model of imperfect competition in the banking sector that allows for multiple equilibria with bank runs, banks’ default and contagion, and central bank funding. Our framework incorporates demand and supply for insured and uninsured deposits, for loans to ﬁrms and households, and borrowers’ default. We use conﬁdential granular data for the euro area banking sector, including information on banks’ borrowing from the European Central Bank (ECB). We document the presence of alternative equilibria with run-type features, but also that central bank interventions exerted a crucial role in containing this risk. Our counterfactuals show that, on average across equilibria, a 1 percentage point reduction in the ECB lending rate leads to a 1.4 percentage points reduction in banks’ default probability.
Using Double Convolution Neural Network for Lung Cancer Stage Detection

Recently, deep learning is used with convolutional Neural Networks for image classification and figure recognition. In our research, we used Computed Tomography (CT) scans to train a double convolutional Deep Neural Network (CDNN) and a regular CDNN. These topologies were tested against lung cancer images to determine the Tx cancer stage in which these topologies can detect the possibility of lung cancer. The first step was to pre-classify the CT images from the initial dataset so that the training of the CDNN could be focused. Next, we built the double Convolution deep Neural Network with max pooling to perform a more thorough search. Finally, we used CT scans of different Tx cancer stages of lung cancer to determine the Tx stage in which the CDNN would detect possibility of lung cancer. We tested the regular CDNN against our double CDNN. Using this algorithm, doctors will have additional help in early lung cancer detection and early treatment. After extensive training with 100 epochs, we obtained the highest accuracy of 0.9962, whereas the regular CDNN obtained only 0.876 accuracy.
Mineral nutrition and tolerance to Colletotrichum spp. of Andean blackberry ( Rubus glaucus Benth.) in nursery 1 Nutrición mineral y tolerancia a Colletotrichum spp. de andina

Introduction. Several diseases affect the Andean blackberry cultivation in Colombia, where anthracnose ( Colletotrichum spp.) stands out for generating total losses. Objective. To estimate the doses of N, P, K, and Ca that allow greater tolerance to C. gloeosporioides strain 52 in Andean blackberry seedlings. Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out in 2017, in a greenhouse located in Mosquera in the department of Cundinamarca (Colombia), with seedlings sown in a substrate based on a 3: 1 mixture of peat and rice husks. A randomized complete block design with a central composite arrangement of 25 treatments and 15 seedlings were used per experimental unit. The inoculation of plant material was carried out 53 days after had begun the application of the treatments, with mycelial discs at a concentration of 9.53×10 4 conidia. The severity percentage (Sev), incubation period (IP), disease development rate (r), plant height (PLH), stem diameter (StD), leaf area (LA), chlorophyll content index (CCI), dry weight of the aerial part, and concentration of nutrients were measured. The analysis of variance with Tukey’s test (p<0.05), correlation analysis, generation of response surface models, and principal component analysis with the t-test (p<0.05) was carried out. Results. The severity percentage showed significant differences in the plants that received the fertilization treatments, the allometric variables, and chlorophyll content index were negatively and significantly related with the severity percentage. Simple linear effects models and interaction between elements and four components were obtained, which explained 63 % of the observed variability. Conclusions. The doses of 55, 3, 14, and 9 g plant of N, P 2 O 5 , K 2 O, and CaO, respectively, allowed a higher tolerance of plants against strain 52, as well as higher values in growth variables.