Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Algorithms for Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) detect and monitor the outside physical state by the sensor nodes organizing automatically. Routing protocol is one of most important parts research contents of WSNs. This paper analyses and compares routing protocols of wireless sensor networks with other networks, and summarizes characteristics and the appropriate application by studying recent routing protocols for sensor networks. Finally, the important features and the future trends of routing protocols possess are putted forward.
Exercise at anaerobic threshold intensity and insulin secretion by isolated pancreatic islets of rats

To evaluate the effect of acute exercise and exercise training at the anaerobic threshold (AT) intensity on aerobic conditioning and insulin secretion by pancreatic islets, adult male Wistar rats were submitted to the lactate minimum test (LMT) for AT determination. Half of the animals were submitted to swimming exercise training (trained), 1 h/day, 5 days/week during 8 weeks, with an overload equivalent to the AT. The other half was kept sedentary (sedentary). At the end of the experimental period, the rats were submitted to an oral glucose tolerance test and to another LMT. Then, the animals were sacrificed at rest or immediately after 20 minutes of swimming exercise at the AT intensity for pancreatic islets isolation. At the end of the experiment mean workload (% bw) at AT was higher and blood lactate concentration (mmol/L) was lower in the trained than in the control group. Rats trained at the AT intensity showed no alteration in the areas under blood glucose and insulin during OGTT test. Islet insulin content of trained rats was higher than in the sedentary rats while islet glucose uptake did not differ among the groups. The static insulin secretion in response to the high glucose concentration (16.7 mM) of the sedentary group at rest was lower than the sedentary group submitted to the acute exercise and the inverse was observed in relation to the trained groups. Physical training at the AT intensity improved the aerobic condition and altered insulin secretory pattern by pancreatic islets.
Activation of hypothalamic serotonin receptors reduced intake of dietary fat and protein but not carbohydrate.

Systemic treatment with dexfenfluramine (dF), fluoxetine, or serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) recently was shown to suppress fat and occasionally protein but not carbohydrate intake in rats when a macronutrient selection paradigm was employed. These reports contrast with the prevailing literature, which for the past decade has described a role for serotonin neurotransmission in the modification of dietary carbohydrate consumption. To test the hypothesis that the suppression of fat selection and/or consumption by systemic serotonin agonists involves stimulation of central 5-HT receptors, a series of experiments was performed in nondeprived rats. In experiment 1, third cerebroventricular (3V) infusion of the nonselective 5-HT antagonist metergoline prevented the reduction in fat but not carbohydrate feeding caused by systemic dF. Furthermore, 3V metergoline alone increased fat intake. In experiments 2 and 3, 3V infusion of 5-HT1B/2C receptor agonistsd-norfenfluramine (dNF) or quipazine inhibited fat intake exclusively. Next, the infusion ofdNF or 5-HT into the region of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) reduced both fat and protein intake ( experiments 4 and 5). Finally, in experiment 6, when rats were grouped by baseline diet preference, 5-HT infused into the PVN led to a dose-related decrease in fat intake in both carbohydrate- and fat-preferring rats. In contrast, there were no dose effects of 5-HT on carbohydrate or protein intake in either preference group. However, in fat-preferring rats, the highest dose of 5-HT reduced intake of all three macronutrient diets. These results demonstrate a selective effect of exogenous serotonergic drugs in the hypothalamus to reduce fat rather than carbohydrate intake and suggest that higher baseline fat intake enhances responsivity to serotonergic drugs.
Petrographical study of microstructural evolution of EAF duplex stainless steelmaking slags

A novel study to characterise electric arc furnace (EAF) slags in the production of duplex stainless steel at the process temperatures was performed. The investigation is focused on determining the microstructural evolution of the EAF slag during and at the end of the refining period. In this regard, slag sampling was done at three stages from seven EAF duplex stainless steel heats (21·5–22·5 wt‐%Cr, 1·6–5·7 wt‐%Ni and 0·3–3·2 wt‐%Mo). More specifically, the samples were collected before FeSi addition, after FeSi injection and just before tapping. Collected samples were analysed by light optical microscopy and SEM energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy to characterise the high temperature microstructure of the slag phases. In addition, X‐ray diffraction analysis was used to verify the petrographical results. It was observed that at all process stages, the duplex steel slag contains molten oxides, magnesiochromite spinels and metallic droplets. However, before the FeSi addition, the slag also contains calcium chromite crystals. In this stage, the slag has a high viscosity, which drops to lower level after FeSi injection. Furthermore, depending on the basicity, the slag may contain other solid phases such as perovskite and calcium silicate.
Thickness Effect on F8T2/C60 Bilayer Photovoltaic Devices

Copolymers based on fluorene-thiophene units have presented promising efficiencies in photovoltaic devices applications. They present good transport properties mainly after thermal treatment of the polymer films. Here, we investigate the properties of bilayer devices formed by the heterojunction of the polymer F8T2 with variable thickness and the fullerene. The series resistance of the equivalent circuit associated with the device increases as the polymer film gets thicker. The current-voltage characteristics of the bilayer devices follow the Mott-Gurney law of SCLC. For the best performing device we measured 2.1% of power conversion efficiency.
RELATIVISTIC N-BOSON SYSTEMS BOUND BY OSCILLATOR PAIR POTENTIALS

We study the lowest energy E of a relativistic system of N identical bosons bound by harmonic-oscillator pair potentials in three spatial dimensions. In natural units ℏ=c=1 the system has the semirelativistic (or “spinless-Salpeter”) Hamiltonian, H=∑i=1Nm2+pi2+∑j>i=1Nγ|ri−rj|2, γ>0. We derive the following energy bounds: E(N)=minr>0[N(m2+2(N−1)P2/(Nr2))1/2+(N/2)(N−1)γr2], N⩾2, where P=1.376 yields a lower bound and P=32 yields an upper bound for all N⩾2. A sharper lower bound is given by the function P=P(m) which makes the formula for E(2) exact: with this choice of P, the bounds coincide for all N⩾2 in the Schrodinger limit defined by m→∞.
The E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme Uba1 in Drosophila controls apoptosis autonomously and tissue growth non-autonomously

Ubiquitination is an essential process regulating turnover of proteins for basic cellular processes such as the cell cycle and cell death (apoptosis). Ubiquitination is initiated by ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1), which activate and transfer ubiquitin to ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2). Conjugation of target proteins with ubiquitin is then mediated by ubiquitin ligases (E3). Ubiquitination has been well characterized using mammalian cell lines and yeast genetics. However, the consequences of partial or complete loss of ubiquitin conjugation in a multi-cellular organism are not well understood. Here, we report the characterization of Uba1, the only E1 in Drosophila. We found that weak and strong Uba1 alleles behave genetically differently with sometimes opposing phenotypes. Whereas weak Uba1 alleles protect cells from cell death, clones of strong Uba1 alleles are highly apoptotic. Strong Uba1 alleles cause cell cycle arrest which correlates with failure to reduce cyclin levels. Surprisingly, clones of strong Uba1 mutants stimulate neighboring wild-type tissue to undergo cell division in a non-autonomous manner giving rise to overgrowth phenotypes of the mosaic fly. We demonstrate that the non-autonomous overgrowth is caused by failure to downregulate Notch signaling in Uba1 mutant clones. In summary, the phenotypic analysis of Uba1 demonstrates that impaired ubiquitin conjugation has significant consequences for the organism, and may implicate Uba1 as a tumor suppressor gene.
Supply Chain Management Implementation in the Spanish Grocery Sector: An Exploratory Study

This paper explores the integration process that firms follow to implement Supply Chain Management (SCM) and the main barriers and benefits related to this strategy. This study has been inspired in the SCM literature, especially in the logistics integration model by Stevens [1]. Due to the exploratory nature of this paper and the need to obtain an in depth knowledge of the SCM development in the Spanish grocery sector, we used the case study methodology. A multiple case study analysis based on interviews with leading manufacturers and retailers was conducted. The results of this analysis suggest that firms seem to follow the integration process proposed by Stevens, integrating internally first, and then, extending this integration to other supply chain members. The cases also show that Spanish manufacturers, in general, seem to have a higher level of SCM development than Spanish retailers. Regarding the benefits that SCM can bring, most of the companies identify the general objectives of cost and stock reductions and service improvements. However, with respect to the barriers found in its implementation, retailers and manufacturers are not coincident: manufacturers seem to see more barriers with respect to aspects related to the other party, such as distrust and a lack of culture of sharing information, while retailers find as main barriers the need of a "know-how", the company culture and the history and habits.
'GPEET' procyclin is the major surface protein of procyclic culture forms of Trypanosoma brucei brucei strain 427.

The surface of Trypanosoma brucei brucei insect forms is covered by an invariant protein coat consisting of procyclins. There are six or seven procyclin genes that encode unusual proteins with extensive tandem repeat units of glutamic acid (E) and proline (P) (referred to as EP repeats), and two genes that encode proteins with internal pentapeptide (GPEET) repeats. Although the EP forms of procyclins have been isolated and characterized by several laboratories, evidence for GPEET procyclin has largely been confined to the expression of its mRNA. To characterize GPEET procyclin further, we isolated the protein from T. b. brucei strain 427. We found that label from [3H]myristic acid and [3H]ethanolamine was incorporated into GPEET procyclin and we demonstrated the protein's covalent modification with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. The major form of GPEET procyclin showed an apparent molecular mass of 22-32 kDa, was susceptible to proteolytic treatment and was found to be phosphorylated. Surprisingly, our results show that GPEET procyclin represents the major form of procyclin in T. b. brucei 427 culture forms and that the ratio of EP to GPEET procyclin can vary considerably between different cell lines.
Engineering bioerodible polymers with tailored micro/nanostructure for vaccine delivery

xix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Bioerodible polyanhydride microspheres as vaccine delivery vehicles 1 1.2 References 7 CHAPTER 2 : BIODEGRADABLE POLYANHYDRIDES FOR DRUG DELIVERY 1 2.
Improving utilization for deterministic service in multimedia communication

Network-based real-time multimedia applications require guaranteed performance communication services. To provide guaranteed service, resources have to be reserved within the network. If reservation is based on the peak rate of each connection, the network will be under-utilized by guaranteed service traffic when the traffic is bursty. We first show that local deterministic delay bounds can be guaranteed over a link for bursty traffic even when the sum of the peak rates of all the connections is greater than the link speed. Compared to previous admission control conditions, the new result allows a multi-fold increase in the number of admitted connections when the traffic is bursty. We then show that this new result can be efficiently extended from a single switch to a network of arbitrary topology by using rate-controlled service disciplines at the switches. <<ETX>>
Transgenic expression of HLA‐E single chain trimer protects porcine endothelial cells against human natural killer cell‐mediated cytotoxicity

Abstract: Background: The susceptibility of porcine endothelial cells (pEC) to human natural killer (NK) cells is related to the failure of human major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐specific killer inhibitory receptors to recognize porcine MHC class I molecules. The aims of this study were (i) to assess the protection of pEC against xenogeneic NK‐mediated cytotoxicity afforded by the stable expression of HLA‐E single chain trimers (SCT) composed of a canonical HLA‐E binding peptide antigen, VMAPRTLIL, the mature human β2‐microglobulin, and the mature HLA‐E heavy chain, and (ii) to test whether HLA‐E expression on pEC and porcine lymphoblastoid cells affects the adhesion of human NK cells.
Moving window pyramid-based ridgelet transform for image denoising

Wavelet transform has been successfully used in many applications such as image compression, image denoising, and computer vision. Recently, the research of image denoising focused on developing some new method which can represent the edge of image more efficiently. Ridgelets is a new system of representations, which deals effectively with line singularities in 2-D. In this paper, a simple algorithm is derived for the ridgelet transform of the center pixel of a three by three image. Then by embedding it into a moving window pyramid, the ridgelet transform-based multiscale image denoising is obtained. The high directional sensitivity of the ridgelet transform makes the proposed method a good choice for edge preserving. Experiments show that the new algorithm is effective.
Research flight observations of a prefrontal gravity wave near the southwestern UK

At 1311 UTC on 24 November 2009 the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe146 (Figure 1) took off from Cranfield Airport (Figure 2) for research flight B488 and headed towards an intense, rearward-sloping, cold front over the UK Southwest Approaches. Around that time, the parent cyclone with a core pressure of about 966mbar was centred to the northwest of Ireland, with most of the UK lying in the warm sector under widespread stratocumulus (Figure 3). The classical elongated and rather two-dimensional cold front was characterized by high southwesterly winds on the warm side, typical of a well-developed warm conveyor belt (WCB) (Browning, 1990). Flight B488 was the third of a series of research flights in November 2009 funded by the National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS). These flights constituted a pilot campaign to test and improve the ability of the BAe146 aircraft to observe frontal weather systems and storms affecting northwestern Europe, in preparation for UK participation in the international field campaign T-NAWDEX (THORPEX-North Atlantic Waveguide and Downstream impact Experiment), which is tentatively scheduled for 2013. The flight pattern of B488 is depicted in Figure 2 together with the time evolution of the cold front. After take-off in Cranfield at 1311 UTC, the BAe146 ascended to a cruising altitude of about 7km (26 000ft) and then headed southwestward, crossing the coast of south Wales around 1351 UTC. Between 1409 and 1439 UTC the aircraft descended to 15m (50ft) over the sea surface to the northwest of Cornwall, at which point the pilots estimated the peakto-trough wave heights to be between 6m and 12m and the winds to be Gale to Storm Force on the Beaufort scale. The first objective of the flight was to measure turbulent Figure 1. The Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe146. (Photograph courtesy of BAE Systems; photographer David McIntosh.)
Current insights into hormonal regulation of microspore embryogenesis

Plant growth regulator (PGR) crosstalk and interaction with the plant’s genotype and environmental factors play a crucial role in microspore embryogenesis (ME), controlling microspore-derived embryo differentiation and development as well as haploid/doubled haploid plant regeneration. The complexity of the PGR network which could exist at the level of biosynthesis, distribution, gene expression or signaling pathways, renders the creation of an integrated model of ME-control crosstalk impossible at present. However, the analysis of the published data together with the results received recently with the use of modern analytical techniques brings new insights into hormonal regulation of this process. This review presents a short historical overview of the most important milestones in the recognition of hormonal requirements for effective ME in the most important crop plant species and complements it with new concepts that evolved over the last decade of ME studies.
Time Integration Schemes for the Unsteady Navier-stokes Equations

The efficiency and accuracy of several time integration schemes are investigated for the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations. This study focuses on the efficiency of higher-order Runge-Kutta schemes in comparison with the popular Backward Differencing Formulations. For this comparison an unsteady two-dimensional laminar flow problem is chosen, i.e., flow around a circular cylinder at Re = 1200. It is concluded that for realistic error tolerances (smaller than 10(exp -1)) fourth-and fifth-order Runge-Kutta schemes are the most efficient. For reasons of robustness and computer storage, the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method is recommended. The efficiency of the fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme exceeds that of second-order Backward Difference Formula by a factor of 2.5 at engineering error tolerance levels (10(exp -1) to 10(exp -2)). Efficiency gains are more dramatic at smaller tolerances.
The Web's Impact on Selling Techniques: Historical Perspective and Early Observations

Marketing and sales techniques evolve in response to the emergence of new information technologies. This article reviews how marketing and sales changed in response to telecommunications and database technologies in the late 1970s; EDI, database marketing, personal computing and other technologies in the 1980s; imaging, video, CD-ROM, facsimile, and other technologies in the early 1990s; and the technologies associated with the World Wide Web in the mid-1990s. Research examining the early experiences of companies selling industrial and consumer products and services on the Web is discussed, followed by suggestions for further research.
Effectiveness of Shoe Stiffening Inserts for First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Osteoarthritis: A Proof-of-Concept Study

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of shoe stiffening inserts to reduce pain in first metatarsophalangeal joint osteoarthritis. DesignThirty-one participants with first metatarsophalangeal joint osteoarthritis were prescribed shoe stiffening inserts and were evaluated at baseline and at 1 and 3 mos. The primary outcome measure was foot pain, assessed using the foot pain domain of the Foot Health Status Questionnaire (possible score ranges from 0 to 100). Secondary outcome measures included foot-related disability (foot function domain of the Foot Health Status Questionnaire), self-reported treatment effectiveness, use of rescue medication and other co-interventions, and adverse events. ResultsAt 1 and 3 mos, statistically significant improvements in foot pain and foot-related disability were observed (mean difference at 3 mos: foot pain = 18.8, 95% confidence interval, 13.3–24.3; foot function = 11.8, 95% confidence interval, 4.3–17.3). Treatment was reported to be effective by 78% of participants. Few participants (4%) reported using pain-relieving medication. Minor adverse events were reported by 30% of participants. ConclusionsFull-length shoe stiffening inserts may be an effective intervention in first metatarsophalangeal joint osteoarthritis. However, further controlled studies are required.
A portable real-time scene recognition system on smartphone

In the context of mapping and mobile navigation services, the recognition of the urban infrastructure plays an important role. However, majority of the existing recognition methods cannot be effectively run on the smartphones due to their large computational costs and high storages. In this paper, a fast scene recognition approach is introduced by fusing the outputs of inertial sensors and cameras of smartphones for real-time applications in large scenes. The proposed algorithm possesses the virtues of implementation easiness, storage efficiency and computation significance. Experimental results on the datasets of outdoor scenes and UKBench datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm.
Expression of cyr61, a growth factor-inducible immediate-early gene

A set of immediate-early genes that are rapidly activated by serum or purified platelet-derived growth factor in mouse 3T3 fibroblasts has been previously identified. Among these genes, several are related to known or putative transcription factors and growth factors, supporting the notion that some of these genes encode regulatory molecules important to cell growth. We show here that a member of this set of genes, cyr61 (originally identified by its cDNA 3CH61), encodes a 379-amino-acid polypeptide rich in cysteine residues. cyr61 can be induced through protein kinase C-dependent and -independent pathways. Unlike many immediate-early genes that are transiently expressed, the cyr61 mRNA is accumulated from the G0/G1 transition through mid-G1. This expression pattern is due to persistent transcription, while the mRNA is rapidly turned over during the G0/G1 transition and in mid-G1 at the same rate. In logarithmically growing cells, the cyr61 mRNA level is constant throughout the cell cycle. Cyr61 contains an N-terminal secretory signal sequence; however, it is not detected in the culture medium by immunoprecipitation. Cyr61 is synthesized maximally at 1 to 2 h after serum stimulation and has a short half-life within the cell.