Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Film antitranspirants to increase yield of droughted wheat

Drought stress results in large yield losses in wheat. One way of alleviating the effect of drought stress on crops may be to suppress trans piration with antitranspirants. Film antitranspirants sprayed onto plants reduce transpiration by increasing the resistance to diffusion of water vapour from stomata, and are also of low permeability to carbon dioxide entering the leaf and thus photosynthesis and growth are restricted. Previous work has indicated that the most sensitive stage to wheat yield formation to drought stress, the stage of meiosis in pollen mother cells, may respond positively to film antitranspirant applications irrespec tive of reduced photosynthesis. The main objectives of this study were to determine the most effective growth stage to receive a film antitranspirant application targeted to increase yield under drought conditions and to explore the underlying mechanisms by which film antitranspirants increase yield. Field experiments were carried out in three consecutive years 2008/2009, 2009/2010 and 20 10 /20 11 under polytunnels. The experiments indicated that, among the growth stages included within the experiments (GS31, GS33, GS39, GS41 and GS59), GS33 is the most effective growth stage to apply film antitranspirants in order to increase yield of droughted wheat. There was a significant mean yield increase across all three years of 0.5 7 t/ha from fi lm antitranspirants, di - 1 - p - menthene and latex when sprayed at GS33 at SMDs above 66 mm, unde r the conditions of this study. T he yield increase by antitranspirant treatments was due to an increase in grains m - 2 either by increasing grains ear - 1 or tiller s urvival. The antitranspirant treatments significantly decreased transpiration, significantly increased leaf water potential and indicated a reduction in photosynthesis which was not significant. The antitranspirant treatments did not increase leaf temperat ure significantly. The antitranspirant treatments at GS33 and G S31 increased pollen viability. The observation of anthers using a light microscope collected from different growth stages showed that, in the variety Claire, meiosis in pollen mother cells occ ur s at early GS41. Therefore, the increased pollen viability by the antitranspirant treatments at GS33 may be attributed to an alleviation of the effect of drought stress on the crop during meiosis in pollen mother cells. The study performed to understand the effect of film antitranspirants on drought stress sensitive invertase genes, down regulated under drought stress did not show promising results may be due to a lack of representativeness of pollen/anther samples collected from different treatments. It was concluded that an antitranspirant treatment at GS33 can increase yield of droughted wheat by increasing grains m - 2 possibly via increased pollen viability at the stage of meiosis in pollen mother cells.
Hierarchical Bayesian nonparametric models for power-law sequences

Sequence data that exhibits power-law behavior in its marginal and conditional distributions arises frequently from natural processes, with natural language text being a prominent example. We study probabilistic models for such sequences based on a hierarchical non-parametric Bayesian prior, develop inference and learning procedures for making these models useful in practice and applicable to large, real-world data sets, and empirically demonstrate their excellent predictive performance. In particular, we consider models based on the infinite-depth variant of the hierarchical Pitman-Yor process (HPYP) language model [Teh, 2006b] known as the Sequence Memoizer, as well as Sequence Memoizer-based cache language models and hybrid models combining the HPYP with neural language models. We empirically demonstrate that these models performwell on languagemodelling and data compression tasks.
Chemical Profiling and Insecticidal Activity of Artemisia herba-alba Essential Oil Against Papaya Mealybug Paracoccus marginatus ‎(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

The current study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and insecticidal activity of Artemisia herba-alba essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation and solvent extraction against papaya mealybug Paracoccus marginatus. The essential oil was analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the insecticidal activity was recorded for different times and concentrations under laboratory conditions. According to GC-MS results, the chemical components detected of essential oil isolated by ‎hydrodistillation and solvent extraction were 52 and 62 compounds of both extraction methods, the main components of essential oil of hydrodistillation method were eucalyptol (32.81%), &alpha-pinene (28.62%) and linalol (10.18%) while the major components of essential oil isolated by solvent extract were pentadecanoic acid (16.69%) and dihomo-‎‎. gamma. -linolenic acid (15.2%). The essential oil of hydrodistillation method exhibited more insecticidal ‎activity than solvent extract method against P. marginatus, 1000 mg/L of essential oil isolated by ‎hydrodistillation achieved 100% ‎mortality of papaya mealybugs after 120, ‎‎168 h of treatment with LC50 values which ‎was‎‎ 65.362 mg/L after 168 h from treatment and LT50 value which was ‎22.386 h‎‏‎‎ at 1000 mg/L. ‎ The findings reveal and propose that the essential oil of A. herba-albais a rich by bioactive components and it is a prospective source of botanical insecticides.
Intervention of the myristoyl-protein biosynthesis for the treatment of prostate cancer

Epidemiological studies about the correlation of dietary fat intake and prostate cancer are very controversial. I hypothesize that metabolism of dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) contribute to elevated activity of oncogenic proteins, thereby tumor progression. This thesis analyzes the contribution of dietary SFAs to prostate cancer, and summarizes biosynthetic pathways of how metabolism of SFAs will lead to the elevated levels of myristoyl-proteins. The metabolic processes include that 1) exogenous FAs are transported into cells in a variety of pathways, or endogenous FAs are biosynthesized through De novo synthesis or lipid salvage pathways; 2) Biosynthesis of acyl-CoAs catalyzed by Acyl-CoA synthetase Long Chain Family proteins. Finally, a variety of small molecule compounds has been developed to target either the myristoyl-CoA or the Gly-peptide binding sites of N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) to inhibit myristoylation process. The pharmaceutical intervention of NMT activity could be developed as chemotherapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer progression.
Arsenic Leaching From Spent Adsorbents Under Landfill Conditions

ii Dedication . iii Acknowledgement . iv Vita . v List of Tables . x List of Figures . xii List of Abbreviations . xv Chapter 1: Introduction and Background . 1 1.1 Natural occurrence and adverse health effects of arsenic . 1 1.2 Arsenic regulation and removal technologies . 3 1.2. 1 Pretreatment of source water: pre-chlorination and pH adjustment . 4 1.2. 2 Source water chemistry: iron concentration, competitive anionic components and NOM . 5 1.3 Arsenic disposal problems and landfill conditions . 6 1.4 Arsenic release mechanism . 8 1.4. 1 Kinetics . 9 1.4. 2 Competitive anions . 9 1.4. 3 Natural organic matter . 10 1.4. 4 pH and redox potential . 11 1.4. 5 Iron biotransformation and arsenic reduction . 12
HUBUNGAN ANTARA RELIGIUSITAS DENGAN KENAKALAN REMAJA DI SMA X SEMARANG

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara Religiusitas dengan Kenakalan remaja pada SMA X Semarang. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 195 siswa dan siswi SMA X semarang. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan skala Religiusitas dan skala Kenakalan remaja.Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Cluster random sampling. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan 2 skala psikologi yaitu Religiusitas dan Kenakalan remaja. Skala Religiusitas berjumlah 25 aitem dengan rentang daya beda 0,258 – 0,575 dan skala Kenakalan remaja berjumlah 25 aitem dengan rentang daya beda 0,288 – 0,654 . Reliabilitas skor Religiusitas 0,853 dan skala kenakalan remaja 0,883. Teknik analisis menggunakan product moment dibantu program SPSS versi 24 hasil analisis r xy 0,349 dengan p 0,001 (p<0,05), yang dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipotesis yang diajukan peneiliti, terdapat hubungan negatif antara religusitas dengan kenakalan remaja di tolak. Kata Kunci : Religiusitas , Kenakalan Remaja
Board Interlocking and Firm Performance: Evidence from Indonesia

This study aims to determine the relationships of board interlocking and firm performance as measured by Return on Assets (ROA). This research method uses a quantitative approach with research objects of all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2008-2017. The sample selection method uses a purposive sampling. The sample used was 4450 observation. Data analysis methods used are descriptive analysis and dummy variable regression Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The result showed that the average performance of companies that do interlock of directors at other companies at the same time is higher than companies that do not do interlock. The existence of a director who has do interlock allows directors to get access in other places and can mutually utilize resource supported by empirical result where the total assets of companies that do interlock higher than companies that did not interlock. Although concurrent positions can improve the company, the company still complies with government regulations so that the company does not get the law and get sanctionse. Article Information
Cyclin D-Cdk4,6 drives cell cycle progression via the retinoblastoma protein’s C-terminal helix

The cyclin-dependent kinases Cdk4 and Cdk6 form complexes with D-type cyclins to drive cell proliferation. A well-known target of cyclin D-Cdk4,6 is the retinoblastoma protein, Rb, which inhibits cell cycle progression until its inactivation by phosphorylation. However, the role of cyclin D-Cdk4,6 phosphorylation of Rb in cell cycle progression is unclear because Rb can be phosphorylated by other cyclin-Cdk complexes and cyclin D-Cdk4,6 complexes have other targets that may drive cell division. Here, we show that cyclin D-Cdk4,6 docks one side of an alpha-helix in the C-terminus of Rb, which is not recognized by cyclins E, A, and B. This helix-based docking mechanism is shared by the p107 and p130 Rb-family members across metazoans. Mutation of the Rb C-terminal helix prevents phosphorylation, promotes G1 arrest, and enhances Rb’s tumor suppressive function. Our work conclusively demonstrates that the cyclin D-Rb interaction drives cell division and defines a new class of cyclin-based docking mechanisms.
HPLC separation of some unsaturated and saturated fatty acids

HPLC procedure for the determination of saturated fatty acids (from C 8 to C 2 2 ) and some unsaturated fatty acids containing eighteen carbon atoms is described. Milk and intestinal digesta samples were hydrolyzed with 2 mol L - 1 NaOH. The hydrolysates were acidified to pH ∼ 2 and free fatty acids were extracted with dichloromethane. Fatty acids were then assayed after derivatization with 2,4'-dibromoacetophenone in the presence of triethylamine. The separation of derivatized fatty acids was achieved using two C 1 8 columns and UV detection at 256 nm. Derivatized conjugated linoleic acid isomers (CLA) in the effluent were monitored using UV detection at 235 and 256 nm (method I). Gradient elution with UV detection at 234.5 nm (method II) allowed the determination of CLA without derivatization. The low detection limits (from 2.3 × 10 - 4 to 5.1 pg) for assayed fatty acids, good purity" of fatty acid peaks (-100%) and very simple procedure for preparation of free fatty acid extracts point to the satisfactory sensitivity and reliability of the presented methods.
Organic minerals with different chemical characteristics in diets for Hy-Line White laying hens: performance, biometry of digestive organs, and bone quality

ABSTRACT Two trials were carried out to evaluate the effect of groups of organic minerals with different chemical characteristics on the performance, egg quality, biometry of digestive organs, and bone quality of laying hens in the first and second laying cycles. In the first cycle, 180 layers at 72 weeks were used in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and five replicates with nine birds each. In the second cycle, 216 layers at 94 weeks of age were [. ]
Direct Identification of 80 Percent of Bacteria from Blood Culture Bottles by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Using a 10-Minute Extraction Protocol

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry is not widely used to identify bacteria directly from positive blood culture bottles (BCBs) because of overlong protocols. The objective of this work was to develop and evaluate a simple extraction protocol for reliable identification from BCBs. ABSTRACT Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry is not widely used to identify bacteria directly from positive blood culture bottles (BCBs) because of overlong protocols. The objective of this work was to develop and evaluate a simple extraction protocol for reliable identification from BCBs. The 10-min protocol was applied over a 5-month period. Direct identifications on day 0 were compared with those obtained from colonies on day 1 [log(score) of ≥2]. We evaluated a range of seven log(score) thresholds on day 0 from 1.4 to 2.0 to find the lower confidence score that provides the higher percentage of direct identifications without loss of accuracy. With a log(score) threshold of ≥1.5 at day 0, our protocol allowed us to identify 80% of bacteria in 632 BCBs (96% of Enterobacteriaceae, 95% of Staphylococcus aureus, 92% of enterococci, and 62% of streptococci). At least one bacterial species of the mixture was identified in 77% of the polymicrobial samples. The rapidity and reliability of the protocol were factors in its adoption for routine use, allowing us to save up to 24 h in identifying 80% of the bacteria in the BCBs and, thus, to supply useful information to adapt antibiotic therapy when necessary. We currently provide reliable daily direct identifications of staphylococci, enterococci, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and beta-hemolytic streptococci.
Geosmithia species associated with fir-infesting beetles in Poland

<em>Geosmithia</em> species (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) are common ectosymbionts of scolytine bark and ambrosia beetles that feed on coniferous and deciduous trees in different forest ecosystems. <em>Geosmithia morbida</em> is the canker pathogen that causes extensive mortality of <em>Juglans nigra</em>. Because little is known regarding the <em>Geosmithia</em> species on European silver fir (<em>Abies alba</em>), we have investigated the diversity and abundance of these fungi associated with insects infesting European silver fir in Poland. Samples associated with eight beetle species were collected from three fir forests. Fungi were isolated from beetles and galleries. Isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics, DNA sequence comparison for three gene regions (ITS, ßT, TEF1-α), and phylogenetic analyses. <em>Geosmithia</em> was detected in 33% of the total 531 beetle samples obtained from <em>A. alba</em>. Two undescribed species of <em>Geosmithia</em> were distinguished, <em>Geosmithia</em> sp. 9 and <em>Geosmithia</em> sp. 16. Associations of <em>Pityokteines</em> spp. with <em>Geosmithia</em> fungi were recorded for the first time. <em>Pityokteines vorontzowi</em> and <em>Pityophthorus pityographus</em> appear to be regular vectors for <em>Geosmithia</em> sp. 9 and <em>Geosmithia</em> sp. 16, respectively. <em>Pityokteines curvidens</em> and <em>Cryphalus piceae</em> were associated with <em>Geosmitha</em> sp. 9 at lower frequencies.
Ruxolitinib-Associated Infections in Polycythemia Vera: Review of the Literature, Clinical Significance, and Recommendations

Simple Summary Polycythemia vera (PV) is a chronic blood disease characterized by elevated red blood cells and splenomegaly. About 98% of all PV patients harbor the JAK2 mutation. Ruxolitinib (RUX), a JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, received approval as a second-line indication in PV patients who are resistant or intolerant to standard therapy hydroxyurea in both the United States (2014) and Europe (2015). In the studies relevant to approval, RUX achieved excellent PV control. Due to its mechanism of action, RUX also has immunosuppressive effects. As expected, an increased rate of infection was observed in clinical studies and in practical application. In this overview, we have compiled all previous literature references on RUX and infections in PV. However, apart from a few individual cases with special infections and an increased rate of zoster infections, there are no exceptional high infection problems. Recommendations are given on how infections in RUX treated PV patients can be avoided. Abstract Ruxolitinib (RUX), a JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, is approved for second-line therapy in patients with polycythemia vera (PV) who are resistant or intolerant to hydroxyurea. Due to the immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive effect of RUX, there is an increased susceptibility to infections. However, an increased risk of infection is inherent to even untreated myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). To obtain more information on the clinical significance of RUX-associated infections in PV, we reviewed the available literature. There is no evidence-based approach to managing infection risks. Most data on RUX-associated infections are available for MF. In all studies, the infection rates in the RUX and control groups were fairly similar, with the exception of infections with the varicella zoster virus (VZV). However, individual cases of bilateral toxoplasmosis retinitis, disseminated molluscum contagiosum, or a mycobacterium tuberculosis infection or a hepatitis B reactivation are reported. A careful assessment of the risk of infection for PV patients is required at the initial presentation and before the start of RUX. Screening for hepatitis B is recommended in all patients. The risk of RUX-associated infections is lower with PV than with MF, but compared to a normal population there is an increased risk of VZV infection. However, primary VZV prophylaxis for PV patients is not recommended, while secondary prophylaxis can be considered individually. As early treatment is most effective for VZV, patients should be properly informed and trained to seek medical advice immediately if cutaneous signs of VZV develop. Vaccination against influenza, herpes zoster, and pneumococci should be considered in all PV patients at risk of infection, especially if RUX treatment is planned. Current recommendations do not support adjusting or discontinuing JAK inhibition in MPN patients to reduce the risk of COVID-19.
Effect of chronic cold exposure on noradrenergic modulation in the ventromedial hypothalamus of core body temperature regulation in freely moving rats

Abstract The present study intended to compare the involvement of noradrenalone (NA) in the ventoromedial hypothalamus (VMH) in core body temperature (Tcore) regulation between room temperature acclimated rat (RA group, kept at 23°C for 2 wks) and cold acclimated rat (CA group, kept at 5°C for 2wks). We quantified the release of NA in the VMH during 3 h cold exposure (5°C ) in both groups. Cold exposure significantly increased the extracellular NA levels in the VMH only in the CA group: not in the RA group. To further evaluate relationships between these different results in VMH NA levels and Tcore regulation in the cold, we measured Tcore during perfusion of α-adrenoceptor antagonist phenoxybenzamine during cold exposure. This pharmacological procedure induced significant hypothermia only in the CA group: no changes were observed Tcore in the RA group. These results suggested that NA in the VMH was an important neuromodulator system for thermoregulation under cold environment in cold acclimated animals.
Egg masses of some stream‐dwelling caddisflies (Trichoptera: Hydrobiosidae) from Victoria, Australia

Eggs are a largely neglected life stage in most ecological studies of aquatic insects, despite the importance of oviposition behaviour and fecundity estimates for many research questions. Incorporating egg stages into ecological research requires that ecologists can identify and quantify eggs, but descriptions of eggs and egg masses are scarce for many groups and particularly for Australian taxa. This paper focusses on stream‐dwelling caddisflies in the family Hydrobiosidae and provides species‐level identifications, morphological descriptions and images of egg masses of some species that commonly occur in south‐eastern Australia. All the species we identified laid plaque‐shaped egg masses attached to the underside of river rocks that protrude above the water surface. These egg masses can be identified in the field with the naked eye or the aid of a low‐magnification hand lens. Interspecific variations in egg mass morphology were primarily thickness and firmness of the spumaline layer, egg mass size and arrangement of eggs within the mass. We also provide some ecological information on clutch sizes and the physical characteristics of oviposition sites, and we discuss various ways in which these taxa could be exploited as model systems for ecological research.
Fungal pneumonia in dogs and cats with pulmonary clinical signs in southern Brazil

RESUMO. [Pneumonia fúngica em cães e gatos do sul do Brasil com sinais clínicos pulmonares. ] Pneumonia fúngica tem sido um diagnóstico diferencial em cães e gatos com sinais clínicos pulmonares, sendo também um risco de saúde pública para seus respectivos proprietários. Uma vez que uma fonte comum de exposição ambiental pode resultar em infecção, cães e gatos podem agir como sentinelas da doença para ambos, pessoas e animais. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de pneumonia fúngica em cães e gatos com sinais clínicos pulmonares, de maio de 2013 a fevereiro 2015 no sul do Brasil. Radiografias torácicas, exame de sangue e lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) não broncoscópico seguido de análise citológica e microbiológica foram realizados em todos os animais. Um cão foi positivo na cultura do fluido do LBA para um fungo patogênico (Cryptococcus neoformans) e outro cão para um fungo oportunista (Candida parapsilosis). Ambos os cães apresentaram tosse como sinal clínico principal e alterações radiológicas torácicas. Em conclusão, a ocorrência de pneumonia fúngica no sul do Brasil em cães e gatos por meio deste estudo foi relativamente baixa. A cultura do LBA pode possibilitar o diagnóstico de pneumonia fúngica causada por fungos oportunistas ou patogênicos e este diagnóstico diferencial deve ser uma preocupação em cães e gatos com sinais clínicos pulmonares.
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE IN A NIGERIAN PRIVATE UNIVERSITY

There has been a consistent argument in the literature as regards the impact of electricity consumption on economic growth with most studies focused on developed economies. However, little is known on impact of electricity consumption on business performance in a university system. This study examines the short-run and long-run impact of electricity supply on business performance in a Nigerian private university. The study adopted Engle and Granger approach to co-integration. The result reveals that in the long run, a negative relationship exist between electricity supply and turnover. However, cost of sales and wages have positive relationship with turnover. In the short-run, electricity supply has negative relationship with business performance. In addition, the cost of sales is not statistically significance with turnover. The findings of the study are in line with the principle of labour marginal productivity both in the short and long-run. Therefore, the study recommended need to consider alternative source of power supply most especially in the long-run in order to maximize the aggregate benefit on the business performance.