Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An International Summer Biomedical Research Program for UndergraduateMedical Students

Purpose: The declining physician-scientist number is alarming. Therefore, this study is designed to establish early exposure to undergraduate research interest in science careers and generates physician-scientist workforces. Materials and methods: In this paper, we report the experience and student’s perceptions of an innovative summer research program and examine how it could influence students’ interest in research careers. Results: During the summer of 2012, fourteen undergraduate medical students from Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, attended a month-long summer biomedical research program at Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine in Temple, Texas, USA. The program was designed to expose students to four domains: 1) an intensive basic science research experience, 2) extraordinary aspects of clinical medicine, 3) collaborative research projects, and 4) social entertaining activities. At the end of the program, a self-administered questionnaire was used to explore participants’ experiences and evaluate the program. Majority of students reported various research skills and knowledge gains, personal and professional gains, negative insights about research and clarifications of a research career. Moreover, majority were satisfied with the overall summer program and recommended it to others. Conclusion: Participation in such scholarly programs enhances research intellectual and practical skills, supports participation in future research activities and increases interest to pursue physician-scientist careers.
Regions and Sub-regions of Lake Trout in the Main Basin of Lake Huron

Annual spring fishery independent surveys in the main basin of Lake Huron are analyzed in two steps. Over-year development and recent spatial pattern of lake trout stocks were first revealed based on origin (hatchery vs wild) and size compositions of lake trout and followed by analyses of spatial differences in abundance dynamics. During the 1980s and 1990s, while relative abundance of stocked recruits was similar lake-wide, adult abundance was much lower in northern Lake Huron than in southern Lake Huron. After recent major changes in Lake Huron ecosystem since the early 2000s, stocked recruitment declined lakewide, and wild recruitment increased lake-wide. In southern Lake Huron, the decline of stocked recruitment was especially abrupt, and the recruitment of wild lake trout eventually became weak. The abundance of adult lake trout declined with decreases in stocked recruitment in southern Lake Huron; but was stable in northern Lake Huron. The abundance of wild adults increased in both northern and southern Lake Huron, but the increase was more rapid in northern Lake Huron than in southern Lake Huron. Fisheries in both northern and southern Lake Huron are under similar management, and the harvest policy allows for adult annual mortality of 40-45%. The survey findings indicate that during the 1980-1990s adult mortality in northern Lake Huron must be much higher than southern Lake Huron and the mortality limit; recently, however, it must become much lower than southern Lake Huron and the mortality limit. The contrasts between northern and southern Lake Huron suggest that the current harvest policy is sustainable only when recruitment is stable and sufficiently high, such as in early years with very low post-stocking mortality of lake trout yearlings.
Monetary Policy Transmission and Bank Financing Frictions∗

I provide new evidence that financing frictions at banks impact lending outcomes and deposit rate changes after interest rates change, by exploiting a natural experiment using anti-trust related bank branch divestitures. In these divestitures branches are transferred from large to small banks such that the branches are largely preserved and market structure remains unchanged. Consistent with the existence of financing frictions at small banks, I find that lending declines in areas local to branches newly owned by small banks when interest rates increase. Further these financing frictions affect deposit rates and real outcomes. ∗I thank Stefan Lewellen, Adi Sunderam, Sam Hanson, Victoria Ivashina, Christopher Hennessy, Francisco Gomes, Vikrant Vig, Ken French, Andy Bernard, Kelly Shue, and seminar participants at LBS, Yale, HBS, The Tuck School of Business, London School of Economics, Imperial, INSEAD, MIT, Kellogg, Carnegie Mellon, Columbia Business School, The Wharton School, Darden, Exeter, the New York Fed, The McCombs School of Business, The Federal Reserve Board, The FDIC, The Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, and Duke for helpful comments and discussions. I also thank Hoai-Luu Nguyen for providing data and thank London Business School and Harvard Business School for providing financial support. †ewilliams@hbs.edu
LSHTM Research Online

: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) have recently emerged as globally important infections. This study aimed to explore the spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the occurrence of CHIKV and ZIKV outbreaks throughout the major international seaport city of Barranquilla, Colombia in 2014 and 2016 and the potential for clustering. Incidence data were ﬁtted using multiple Bayesian Poisson models based on multiple explanatory variables as potential risk factors identiﬁed from other studies and options for random e ﬀ ects. A best ﬁt model was used to analyse their case incidence risks and identify any risk factors during their epidemics. Neighbourhoods in the northern region were hotspots for both CHIKV and ZIKV outbreaks. Additional hotspots occurred in the southwestern and some eastern / southeastern areas during their outbreaks containing part of, or immediately adjacent to, the major circular city road with its import / export cargo warehouses and harbour area. Multivariate conditional autoregressive models strongly identiﬁed higher socioeconomic strata and living in a neighbourhood near a major road as risk factors for ZIKV case incidences. These ﬁndings will help to appropriately focus vector control e ﬀ orts but also challenge the belief that these infections are driven by social vulnerability and merit further study both in Barranquilla and throughout the world’s tropical and subtropical regions.
LSHTM Research Online

Introduction : Several approaches have been taken to reduce pre-antiretroviral therapy (ART) losses between HIV testing and ART initiation in low- and middle-income countries, but a systematic assessment of the evidence has not yet been undertaken. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the potential for interventions to improve or facilitate linkage to or retention in pre-ART care and initiation of ART in low- and middle-income settings. Methods : An electronic search was conducted on Medline, Embase, Global Health, Web of Science and conference databases to identify studies describing interventions aimed at improving linkage to or retention in pre-ART care or initiation of ART. Additional searches were conducted to identify on-going trials on this topic, and experts in the field were contacted. An assessment of the risk of bias was conducted. Interventions were categorized according to key domains in the existing literature. Results : A total of 11,129 potentially relevant citations were identified, of which 24 were eligible for inclusion, with the majority ( n (cid:4) 21) from sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, 15 on-going trials were identified. The most common interventions described under key domains included: health system interventions (i.e. integration in the setting of antenatal care); patient convenience and accessibility (i.e. point-of-care CD4 count (POC) testing with immediate results, home-based ART initiation); behaviour interventions and peer support (i.e. improved communication, patient referral and education) and incentives (i.e. food support). Several interventions showed favourable outcomes: integration of care and peer supporters increased enrolment into HIV care, medical incentives increased pre-ART retention, POC CD4 testing and food incentives increased completion of ART eligibility screening and ART initiation. Most studies focused on the general adult patient population or pregnant women. The majority of published studies were observational cohort studies, subject to an unclear risk of bias. Conclusions : Findings suggest that streamlining services to minimize patient visits, providing adequate medical and peer support, and providing incentives may decrease attrition, but the quality of the current evidence base is low. Few studies have investigated combined interventions, or assessed the impact of interventions across the HIV cascade. Results from on-going trials investigating POC CD4 count testing, patient navigation, rapid ART initiation and mobile phone technology may fill the quality of evidence gap. Further high-quality studies on key population groups are required, with interventions informed by previously reported barriers to care.
Asymmetric exchange rates pass-through: New evidence from Vietnam

Exchange rate pass-through always deserves interest of policy makers and economists. In this paper, we study the measure of exchange rate pass-through on consumer price for Vietnam by using Nonlinear Autoregressive Dynamic Lag in the period from 2000Q4 to 2018Q2. Our findings can be summarized as follow: (i) we demonstrates the existence of asymmetric effect of exchange rate to domestic price in both short run and long run; (ii) the exchange rate pass-through is high; (iii) impact of exchange rate depreciation on domestic price is stronger than appreciation; (iv) the exchange rate pass-through is higher in the long-run than in the short run; (v) foreign competitor price plays an important role for domestic price movement.
Relationships between personality traits, general self-efficacy, self-esteem, subjective well-being, and entrepreneurial activity

The present study focused on relationships between personality traits, self-efficacy, self-esteem and basic trust, and well-being in context of entrepreneurial activity. Participants were 301 unemployed people, 157 of whom had received a grant from an employment agency to start their own business. Participants completed measures of personality traits, self-efficacy, self-esteem, basic trust, satisfaction with life, positive and negative affect. To verify if beliefs about the self and about the world mediated relationships between personality traits and well-being we conducted a multiple-sample SEM. The study results confirm that the beliefs mediate relationships between personality traits and well-being. They also show that different types of beliefs serve a different function, depending on an individual’s circumstances. Among grant acceptors, self-efficacy did not impact well-being, while self-esteem and basic trust had similar functions in both groups.
PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF STATISTICAL COMMUNICATION NETS*

The existing traffic within the branches of a communication net can often be assumed to be normally distributed random variables. A natural problem is to determine the probability that a particular flow rate between a pair of stations can be attained. If this probability is too small, it is necessary to improve the net with minimum cost. In this paper, analysis techniques on which effective synthesis procedures can be based are developed. An exact method for evaluating the flow rate probability is obtained as well as upper and lower bounds. Monte Carlo techniques are applied and the flow rate is seen to be approximately normally distributed. A method of finding the approximate mean and variance of the flow rate is given, as well as a Uniformly Most Powerful Invariant Statistical test.
The approach of work-based research to problems and their solutions

Purpose – This paper examines the relationship between work, resilience and sustainable futures for organisations and communities by considering the nature of work-related problems (WRPs) and the workbased research designed to investigate them. The authors explore the axis of work environment >work-related problem > resilience > sustainable futures as it might be impacted by work-based research. Design/methodology/approach – The paper introduces two current real-world examples, one in Australia and one in Asia, of work-based research projects associated with higher education aimed at promoting resilience and sustainability, and discusses the research problems, questions, designs, methods, resilience markers and sustainability markers used by these projects. Findings – Work-based research, when conducted rigorously using mixed methods, may contribute to increased resilience of organisations and communities and thereby seeks to promote more sustainable organisational and social futures. Practical implications – Work-based research conducted in higher education seeks to investigate, address and solve WRP, even when such problems occur in unstable, changing, complex and messy environments. Social implications – Resilience and sustainable futures are ambiguous and disputed terms, but if workbased research can be brought to bear on them, organisations and communities might better adapt and recover from challenging situations, thus reducing their susceptibility to shock and adversity. Originality/value – While resilience and sustainability are commonly referred to in the research literature, their association to work, and specifically problems associated with work, have yet to be examined. This paper goes some of the way to addressing this need.
An Investigation into the Mediating Effects of Organizational Commitment Between Psychological Capital and Work Engagement

The main objective of this study was to investigate not only the relationship between Psychological Capital and Work Engagement but also to test the mediating role of Organizational Commitment. A cross-sectional design was used. Data was collected from 226 nurses of the threelarge hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan. The PCQ, UWES-9 and Meyer and Allen (1991) scales were used as measuring instruments. The results of the study reveal a significant relationship between 1) Psychological Capital and Work Engagement, 2) Psychological Capital and Organizational Commitment, 3) Organizational Commitment and Work Engagement. It was also found that Organizational Commitment partially mediated the relationship between Psychological Capital and Work Engagement. The study will further contribute to the existing literature on positive organizational behavior.
Stream fish from recently deforested basins in the Meridional Amazon, Mato Grosso, Brazil

The replacement of tropical forests to production systems is one of the leading causes of riverine ecosystem alterations. However, current assemblages’ composition may also result from the time since these transformations have begun. Therefore, the knowledge of diversified historical scenarios can facilitate the accomplishment of actions that involve the aquatic environments recovery. In this study, an inventory of stream fish was carried out in basins whose deforestation was intensified in the last 20 years, to compose a baseline for ecological and taxonomic studies. The habitat, physical and chemical variables, and the fish assemblages from 60 streams in the northwest region of the state of Mato Grosso, in the Aripuanã and Juruena river basins, were sampled with standardized procedures. For a total of 130 species, a numerical predominance of small-sized Characidae and great rarity were registered, with 50 species represented by less than ten individuals and 19 singletons. Approximately 15% of the sampled taxa were identified only at the generic level, and for several taxa, more detailed taxonomic and molecular studies are required in order to achieve satisfactory identifications. None threatened species were so far reported. On the other hand, two specimens of non-native species were sampled. Although habitat quality is higher in forested streams, no differences in the species richness were registered when compared to the pasture with riparian forest streams or to more deforested streams. However, abundance was greater in these last two streams groups as a result of small-sized characins dominance.
Influence of Rootstocks on Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Content in Leaves of Four Apple Cultivars

The field trial was conducted at Chencha district, tolola apple experimental site (6 0 19' N, 37 0 35'E) with altitude of 2700 masl located in the Southern Region, Ethiopia, over three seasons, to determine the influence of four rootstocks (MM.106, MM.111, MM.104 and M.26) on nutrient content in leaves of Royal Gala, Granny Smith, Jonica and BR cultivars. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replicates. Leaves opposite to clusters were taken as samples and analyzed for total N, P and K content. Significant differences in nutrient levels due to rootstocks were found in all apple cultivars. Rootstocks lack uniformity in increasing the levels of leaf nutrients (except MM.106) over the values usually reported in literature for apple cultivars. All cultivars grafted onto the rootstock MM.106 had significantly higher leaf N, P and K content than on other rootstocks. Total N level increased by 16% in Granny Smith 11.5% in Royal Gala, 7% in Jonica and 6.5% in BR. On the other hand, the leaf P level was below the range in all cultivars by using MM.104 and M.26 as rootstocks. Potassium status was also affected by rootstocks. MM.106 and MM.111 showed higher K levels by at least 11% in cultivars Granny Smith and Jonica as compared to cultivars grown on MM.104 and M.26 rootstocks. The present investigation demonstrates that rootstocks may have a considerable effect on apple rootstocks nutrition.
The Clinical Comparative Study between Scalp Block versus Local Infiltration on Hemodynamic Stress Response With 0.5% Bupivacaine on Insertion of Skull-Pins for Craniotomy

Introduction: Scalp blocks with local anesthetic agents are increasingly being used along with general anesthesia in neurosurgical practice to reduce pin and incision response along with providing intraoperative and postoperative analgesia. Insertion of skull pins is a strong nociceptive stimulus even under deep anesthesia. Blockade of the nerves that supply the relevant region of the scalp in order to blunt these noxious stimuli could be highly valuable in reducing hypertension and tachycardia. Different anesthetic and pharmacologic techniques, including local anesthetics, narcotics, antihypertensive, and deepening of anesthesia with inhalational anesthetics, have been used to blunt this deleterious effect with variable success. Aim: To compare the hemodynamic effects of 0.5% bupivacaine on scalp block vs 0.5% bupivacaine local infiltration at scalp pin insertion site in neurosurgical patients. Materials And Methods: We conducted a prospective randomized, double blind study in 60 patients who are undergoing supratentorial craniotomies in the age group of 18-65 years belonging to ASA physical status I or II in Guntur Medical College and General Hospital, Guntur during August 2018 to July 2019 were included in the study. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups and each group included 30 patients. Group SB (n = 30): Patients received scalp block with 0.5% bupivacaine after intubation. Group L (n = 30): Patients received local infiltration at pin insertion site with 0.5% bupivacaine after intubation. Results: The heart rate increased immediately after pin fixation in both the groups. In group SB heart rate increased from 76.27±7.92bpm to 82.16±7.86 bpm which was highly significant, in group L heart rate increased from 76.84±10.12 bpm to 94.32±12.86, (p <0.0001), which was statistically highly significant. At the time of pin fixation in group SB, Mean arterial pressure was 84.56±17.46 mmhg, and in group L it was 98.87±16.42 mmhg with p 0.01, which was statistically significant. It was observed there was a statistically significant. Conclusion: We concluded that scalp block with 0.5% bupivacaine is more effective in attenuating hemodynamic stress response when compared to local anesthetic infiltration during Mayfield skull pin fixation. We also demonstrated that there was a significant hemodynamic stability in scalp block group when compared to local infiltration group.
ON PRONOMINAL ANAPHORA RESOLUTION IN TEMPORAL ADJUNCTS IN CHILD ROMANIAN

In this paper I investigate the anaphoric interpretation of null and overt pronominal subjects in temporal adjuncts in child Romanian. The results show that 5-year old Romanian children make no distinction between null and overt pronominal subjects (personal pronouns and demonstratives) with respect to antecedent choice. I tentatively interpret the results as indicating that 5-year olds cannot fully integrate knowledge of the syntax of subjects with discourse information.
Big-Five and Subjective Well-Being: The mediating role of Individualism or Collectivism beliefs and the moderating role of life periods

Subjective Well-Being is related to the Big-Five and to Individualistic and Collectivistic beliefs of Polish adolescents. In the present study, we examined whether Individualism and Collectivism beliefs mediate between the Big-Five and Subjective Well-being among adolescents, young and middle-aged adults. Adolescents (N = 174, 36% men, aged 14–18), young (N = 254, 45% men, aged 19–24) and middle-aged adults (N = 252, 54% men, aged 40–55) completed the NEO-FFI, the Ind-Col20, and measures of Subjective Well-being. The three groups differed on all dimensions. Adolescents reported the highest Neuroticism, the lowest Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, the highest Individualism and Collectivism beliefs and lowest SWB. Among adolescents, SEM analyses indicated that Subjective Well-being was negatively related to Neuroticism and Agreeableness, positively to Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Horizontal Individualism, Horizontal and Vertical Collectivism. Among young and middle-aged adults Subjective Well-being was negatively related to Neuroticism and Horizontal Collectivism, positively to Openness, Conscientiousness, Horizontal and Vertical Individualism. Beliefs partially mediated the effects of traits. Relationships were different for cognitive and affective Subjective Well-being indices.
The Effect of Innovation on Increasing Business Performance of Smes in Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of innovation on SME business performance, which is motivated by the important role of SMEs in national economic growth should be accompanied by a significant increase in business performance. But in reality SME competitiveness is still low in the global market due to low innovation. This study uses an explanatory quantitative survey method. There are 231,181 SMEs in the manufacturing industry sector in West Java, Indonesia as a population with a sample of 346 respondents. Data collection uses a Likert scale 1-5 questionnaire. Data analysis using SEM. The analysis shows that innovation has a positive and significant effect on business performance. The implication of this research is that the performance of SME businesses can be improved through increased product innovation, process innovation, and distribution innovation.