Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fertigation of apples with nitrate or ammonium nitrogen under drip irrigation. I. tree performance

Abstract The effect of fertigation with 128 kg/ha of N of various fertilizer sources, containing 0, 50 or 100% ammonium ions, on apple (cv. ‘Anna') performance was studied in a field experiment under drip irrigation. Growth, yield, leaf and fruit mineral analysis and fruit size and maturity were measured throughout the experiment, which lasted for 7 years. The fertilizer source containing nitrate only (0% NH4 +) increased yield by 15% and growth by 10–14% as compared with fertilizers containing 50 or 100% NH4 +. The effect of the N form on yield was thought to be mediated through enhanced growth by higher nitrate concentration in the soil, rather than via growth inhibition by the ammonium ions, since only traces of NH4 + could be detected in the soil solution. The N form or the phosphate carrier of the 100% NH4 + source fertilizer, had no consistent effect on the mineral composition of the leaf and fruit, or on acidity, total soluble solids (TSS) and pressure of the fruit.
Oscillations, glow and ignition in carbon monoxide oxidation in an open system. I. Experimental studies of the ignition diagram and the effects of added hydrogen

The oxidation of carbon monoxide in equimolar mixtures (CO + O2) has been studied in a well-stirred open system (0.5 dm3) at vessel temperatures in the range 700-840 K, and reactant pressures up to 100 Torr (ca. 13.3 kPa) at a mean residence time of 8.5 s. Stationary states are established and oscillatory states sustained indefinitely in this system. The effect of small quantities of added hydrogen is studied by a carefully controlled, continuous supplement to the principal reactants. Four different modes of reaction (I-IV) have been characterized, and conditions for their occurrence mapped on a reactant pressure-vessel temperature (p-Ta) ignition diagram. Most boundaries are quite sharp, and some show evidence of hysteresis. Close to the axes, reaction is slow, non-luminous and non-oscillatory (I). Within a first broad promontory (II) reaction is accompanied by steady luminescence. Crossing the boundary is not accompanied by a step change in reaction rate, but there is a change in character from stable node (in I) to stable focus (in II). Auto-oscillatory luminescence occurs in a closed region (III) wholly within the promontory II. The effects of adding hydrogen on all these modes is to increase the reaction rates markedly and to make them non-isothermal; the boundaries between I, II and III are not as greatly affected. However, systems to which more than 0.10% H2 have been added also display a new mode, of oscillatory ignition. This appears at first in a region (IV) of high temperatures and pressures but as more H2 is increased its realm expands and it eventually dominates the ignition diagram, invading the region of luminescence and soon obliterating the oscillatory part completely.
Coking of SO42−–ZrO2 Catalysts during Isomerization of n-Butane and Its Relation to the Reaction Mechanism

Abstract A study of the deactivation of SO 2− 4 –ZrO 2 catalysts during isomerization of n -butane showed that a small amount of a carbonaceous deposit (1–1.2%) is formed. A high proportion of this deposit is produced during the first minutes of the reaction and it seems to be responsible for the initial short-term catalyst deactivation but it is doubtful whether it is connected to the long-term loss of activity. Activity in isomerization of n -C 4 was very sensitive to activation conditions while coking was more consistent; in all cases, SZ catalysts had a limiting content of 1 to 1.2% coke when fully deactivated. In an oxygen flow, the coke deposit could be burned at 500°C, but it could also easily be removed by stripping with an oxygen-free inert gas at higher temperatures. In the latter case, the coke was oxidized by the catalyst surface groups, most likely sulfate. The coke was soluble only in polar solvents (methanol, pyridine) and was highly insoluble in benzene and hexane. An FD-mass spectrum of the soluble fraction of the coke indicated the presence of compounds with m / z up to 2700, but the distribution was concentrated around m / z =350 to 500. The latter value, when compared with the small amount of total carbon, indicates that only a small fraction of the surface sites was affected by the coke, or that deactivation proceeded by a mechanism other than site blocking. A surface reduction process by the reacting hydrocarbon may also be linked to the activity loss. ESR results indicated that the catalyst was also reduced during the reaction; the intensity of the Zr 3+ signal was higher on the coked catalysts. The probable concurrence of reduction could explain the long-term activity decline which seems not to be directly linked to the coking process.
HPLC Determination of Acenocoumarol and its Major Thermal Degradation Product

Abstract A High performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is presented for the determination of acenocoumarol and its thermal degradation product using a reverse phase C18 column at ambient temperature with the mobile phase consisting of water, and the pH adjusted to 3.0 using phosphoric acid:acetonitrile (50∶50). Quantitation was achieved with UV detection at 280 nm based on peak area. The method was developed and validated for the determination of acenocoumarol in tablets. The proposed method was validated for selectivity, linearity, accuracy, and robustness. The method was found to be suitable for the quality control of acenocoumarol in tablets as well as the stability‐indicating studies.
Influence of Sedimentation on Crystallization of Charged Colloidal Particles

The method of density matching between the solid and liquid phases is often adopted to effectively eliminate the effect of sedimentation of suspensions on dynamic behavior of a colloidal system. Experiments on crystallization of charged colloidal microspheres with diameter of 98 nm dispersed in density-matched and -unmatched media (mixtures of H2O and D2O in proper proportion) are compared to examine the influence of sedimentation. Reflection spectra of colloidal suspensions were used to monitor the crystallization process. Results showed that the crystal size of the density-unmatched (namely, in the presence of sedimentation) sample grew faster than that of the density-matched (in the absence of sedimentation) case at the initial stage of the crystallization, and then the latter overtook and outstripped the former. To explain these observations, we assume that in the settling of crystals sedimentation facilitates result in more particles getting into the crystal structures. However, as the crystals increase to varying sizes, the settling velocities become large and hydrodynamic friction strips off some particles from the delicate crystal structures. Overall, the sedimentation appears to accelerate the crystal size growth initially and then retard the growth. In addition, the crystal structures formed under microgravity were more closely packed than that in normal gravity.
Confirming the botanical origin of the Croatian black locust honey (Istria region) using physicochemical parameters during two seasons.

Honey is a sweet, thick, viscous, liquid or crystallized product produced by honeybees (Apis mellifera) from the nectar of honey plants or secretions of living parts of plants or excretions of insects. Its chemical composition makes it a complex mixture of over 70 ingredients. The most common among them are carbohydrates (fructose and glucose) and water (they make 99% of honey). Other substances (which make only < 1%) are proteins (including enzymes), minerals, vitamins, organic acids, phenolic compounds, aroma compounds (volatile compounds) and various chlorophyll derivatives, which are also responsible for sensory and nutritional properties of honey. In Croatia, the largest production pertains to the production of black locust honey. The aim of this paper is to present the share of physicochemical parameters (water, free acids, electrical conductivity, reducing sugars, sucrose, diastasis, and hidroksimetilfurfurala HMF) as an indicator of whether the samples meet the general requirements of the Honey Regulations to confirm the botanical origin of black locust honey (as defined by the manufacturer). The research was conducted through two seasons. Forty samples of honey collected by beekeepers in the region of Istria were included. The methods that were used to determine the physicochemical parameters are various. The determination of water was based on refractometry. Titration using sodium hydroxide was used to determine the free acid, while the electrical conductivity is defined as the conductivity of 20% aqueous solution of honey at 20 0C. Reducing sugars and sucrose were identified by titration using Fehling’s solution, and diastasis was proven using the hydrolysis method. HMF was defined using the Winkler method. All the samples tested met the requirement on the quality of black locust honey (water content, free acids, electrical conductivity, reducing sugars, sucrose, diastase, and HMF) thus confirming the botanical origin of honey, i.e. all the samples are black locust honey.
Conductivities of Binary Mixtures of Ionic Liquids with Polar Solvents

Data for the conductivity, κ, of selected binary mixtures of the ionic liquids [emim][BF4], [bmim][BF4], [bmim][PF6], [bmim][DCA], and [hmim][BF4] with polar solvents (water, propylene carbonate, dimethylsulfoxide, methanol, dichloromethane) at 25 °C are reported. Additionally, mixture densities, ρ, were determined to convert κ into molar conductivity, Λ. The obtained results were fitted by appropriate interpolation formulas. Where possible, data were compared with information from the literature. Electrode polarization and sample purity, including [BF4−] hydrolysis, were considered as possible sources of errors in κ. The effect of viscosity on the accuracy of ρ and thus Λ was checked.
The Use of Delay Differential Equations in Chemical Kinetics

The concept of a chemically acceptable model is developed. Chemically acceptable models are causal and maintain the nonnegativity of concentrations. An extension of the law of mass action allowing delayed effects is described and shown to lead to chemically acceptable models. Delayed variable enzyme catalysis and Oregonator models are studied and shown to be equivalent to their classical mass-action counterparts from a number of perspectives. This equivalence is shown to be a consequence of an exact correspondence between certain ordinary and distributed-delay differential equations. For sufficiently small delays, this correspondence extends to discrete-delay systems. However, reversible chemical reaction networks cannot be adequately modeled with discrete-delay equations.
Relationship between Soil Phosphorus Availability and Phosphorus Loss Potential in Runoff and Drainage

Abstract Elevated soil phosphorus (P) content is common in the central coastal valleys of California, the result of decades of the intensive vegetable production. Undesirably high P concentration in surface water in this region stimulated interest in evaluating techniques to rank the potential for soil P loss to the environment. Phosphorus availability of 25 representative soils from fields in vegetable rotations were evaluated by the following techniques: bicarbonate‐extractable P (Pbc)–calcium chloride, extractable P (Pcc), P extractable by iron‐impregnated paper (PFe), P extractable by anion exchange resin (Pae), and the degree of P saturation (Psat). A column study was conducted in which these soils were evaluated for soluble P concentration in runoff and leachate from two simulated irrigation events. There were strong correlations among all measures of soil P availability (r=0.66–0.90). Runoff soluble P was most strongly correlated with Pcc, Pae, and Pbc (r=0.98, 0.93, and 0.91, or 0.98, 0.90, and 0.85 in the first and second irrigation, respectively). The relationship of runoff soluble P to Pbc, Pae, and Pcc was characterized by a change point; runoff soluble P from soils <50 mg kg−1 Pbc was minimal, whereas at higher Pbc runoff P reached levels of environmental concern. Leachate soluble P was also correlated with Pcc, Pae, and Pbc (r=0.84–0.99). Across soils, leachate soluble P averaged 1.4 mg L−1, compared to 0.11 mg L−1 for runoff P. We conclude that Pcc, Pae, and Pbc are useful tests to rank the potential for P loss in irrigation runoff or drainage. Given the relative complexity of the Pae technique, Pbc and Pcc appear to be the most practical soil tests for this purpose.
PENGARUH SENAM LANSIA DENGAN KUALITAS HIDUP DI LEMBAGA KESEJAHTERAAN LANSIA

Elderly enhancement population risk occurrence some health problem, good problem physical , mental, social , and incidence various disease degenerative . The aging process still creates problems both physically, biologically, mentally and socially (Azizah , 2011) . This is where the importance of nursing homes. Aim from research this for to know the influence of elderly gymnastics on the quality of life of elderly in welfare institutions of elderly grace . this study constitutes research quantitative with use design Quasi Experiments with Pretest and Posttest without Control Group , retrieval sample on research this use simple sampling on 10 respondents of 27 existing elderly population in elderly welfare institutions and in analysis with test indepe ndentsample T test . Test statistics indepe ndentsample T test T test results obtained value ρ value 0,0 14 ρ <α 0 , 05 then Ha is accepted and could in interpret that there is a significant influence between snam elderly against quality of elderly life in elderly social welfare institutions Anugerah . Recommended for elderly in order to runtin exercise minnal seniors once a week to improve the quality of life . ABSTRAK Peningkatan populasi lansia berisiko terjadi beberapa masalah kesehatan, baik masalah fisik, mental, sosial, dan kejadian berbagai penyakit degeneratif. Proses penuaan masih menimbulkan masalah baik secara fisik, biologis, mental dan sosial (Azizah, 2011). Di sinilah pentingnya panti jompo. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh senam tua terhadap kualitas hidup lansia di lembaga kesejahteraan anugerah lansia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan rancangan Quasi Experiments dengan Pretest dan Posttest tanpa Control Group, sampel pengambilan pada penelitian ini menggunakan simple sampling pada 10 responden dari 27 populasi lansia yang ada di lembaga kesejahteraan lansia dan di analisis dengan uji indess ndentsample T test. Uji statistik indept ndentsample T test T hasil uji diperoleh nilai ρ nilai 0,0 14 ρ <α 0, 05 maka Ha diterima dan dapat di interpretasi bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara snam lansia terhadap kualitas hidup lansia pada lembaga kesejahteraan sosial manula. Anugerah. Disarankan untuk lansia agar bisa menurunkan kebiasaan minnal manula seminggu sekali untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup.
Characterization and Response Model of the PPS-M Aerosol Sensor

The Pegasor PPS-M sensor is an electrical aerosol sensor based on diffusion charging and current measurement without particle collection. In this study, the role and effect of each component in the instrument is discussed shortly and the results from a thorough calibration measurements are presented. A comprehensive response model for the operation of the PPS-M sensor was developed based on the calibration results and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling results. The obtained response model, covering the effects of the particle charger, the mobility analyzer, and both diffusion and inertial losses, was tested in the laboratory measurements with polydisperse test aerosols, where a good correlation between the model and the measured results was found. Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research
Implementing stroke unit care in selected hospitals in Rwanda

ii Table of contents . ix List of tables . xii List of figures . xiv List of appendices. xiv List of publications and presentations . xvi Acknowledgements . xvii Author’s declaration . xviii List of abbreviations . xix 0. General introduction . 1 Chapter 1: Epidemiology and impact of stroke in Africa: a systematic review of the literature. 3 1.
Micro mineral solubility of forages in South Sumatra, Indonesia

This experiment was carried out to determine micro mineral solubility of forages harvested in South Sumatra during rainy and dry seasons. The mineral solubility was determined by in situ nylon bag technique through incubation of the forage samples in the rumen at 0, 24 and 72 hr. Results of the experiment showed that micro mineral solubility increased as increasing incubation period from 0 to 72 hrs. At 0 hr incubation (solubility in the water), the highest mineral solubility of grass was found in Mn (25.3%), while in the legume the highest solubility was found in Fe (45.2%). Except for Mn, mineral solubility in the rumen was higher for legumes compared to grass. At 72 hr incubation, the average solubility of Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu in grass was 53.5, 61.4, 54.4 and 51.7%, while in the legumes, the values were 57.6, 64.1, 47.2 and 57.7%, respectively. Among species of grass, the highest solubility of Zn, Mn and Cu was found in P. purpuphoides and that of Fe in A. compressus. Data on legumes showed the highest solubility of Zn and Cu was found in L. leucocephala and that of Mn and Fe was found in A. mangium. The trend of the percentage average micro mineral solubility in the rumen at 72 hr incubation period for grass and legumes was: Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn.
Thermo‐ and pH‐responsive behaviors of graft copolymer and blend based on chitosan and N‐isopropylacrylamide

Thermo- and pH-sensitive polymers were prepared by graft polymerization or blending of chitosan and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm). The graft copolymer and blend were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction measurements, and solubility test. The maximum grafting (%) of chitosan-g-(N-isopropylacrylamide) (NIPAAm) was obtained at the 0.5 M NIPAAm monomer concentration, 2 × 10−3M of ceric ammonium nitrate initiator and 2 h of reaction time at 25°C. The percentage of grafting (%) and the efficiency of grafting (%) gradually increased with the concentration of NIPAAm up to 0.5 M, and then decreased at above 0.5 M NIPAAm concentration due to the increase in the homopolymerization of NIPAAm. Both crosslinked chitosan-g-NIPAAm and chitosan/PNIPAAm blend reached an equilibrium state within 30 min. The equilibrium water content of all IPN samples dropped sharply at pH > 6 and temperature > 30°C. In the buffer solutions of various pH and temperature, the chitosan/PNIPAAm blend IPN has a somewhat higher swelling than that of the chitosan-g-NIPAAm IPN. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 1381–1391, 2000
Use of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) by‐product gypsum on alfalfa

Abstract Subsoil acidity in northeast United States has been associated with decreased yield and decreased water and fertilizer nitrogen (N) utilization by forages. Surface applications of gypsiferious products has been shown to reduce subsoil acidity largely caused by high levels of soluble aluminum (Al). Our objective was to test the effectiveness and safety of using FGD gypsum to increase dry matter (DM) yields of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Four and one‐half, 9, and 18 mt/ha of either commercially available agricultural gypsum or two gypsum by‐products were applied to a Rayne soil (Fine‐loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludult) with a strongly acid subsoil. Agricultural and FGD gypsum increased alfalfa DM yields by as much as 21 and 14%, respectively. Correspondingly, in the subsoil, soluble Al decreased and calcium (Ca) content and Ca:Al ratio increased. Heavy metal concentrations in either the alfalfa or soils were not increased by any treatment. However, S in the alfalfa grown at the highest treatment.
Use of Dilute Oxalate to Recover Exchangeable Aluminum Immobilized by Sulfate Salt Addition to Rhodic Kandiudult Subsoil

While SO4 salts have been shown to be effective in reducing exchangeable aluminum (Al) and solution Al activity in acidic subsoils, few attempts have been made in the laboratory to recover exchangeable Al immobilized by the suggested mechanisms of Al–OH–SO4 mineral precipitation or co-sorption on sesquioxide surfaces with SO4 and cations added in the salt (salt sorption). Some low-molecular-weight aliphatic acids such as oxalate are well-known for their ability to increase the solubility of Al in soils and oxalate has often been identified as the dominant or one of the dominant organic anions in subsoils. Oxalate is also well-known for its ability to form soluble complexes and a precipitate with calcium (Ca). Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dilute oxalate on the apparent recovery of exchangeable Al immobilized in response to the addition of gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) and langbeinite (K2SO4·2MgSO4). Following a 6-month equilibration in the laboratory, gypsum and langbeinite added at 15 mmol SO4 kg−1 were equally effective in decreasing exchangeable Al in soil collected from the Bt1 horizon of a Paaloa silty clay (clayey, oxidic, isothermic Rhodic Kandiudult). However, an oxalate loading rate of 16 mmol kg−1 appeared to recover 100% of the exchangeable Al immobilized by langbeinite but only 38% of that immobilized by gypsum. This result was likely due to the formation of an oxalate precipitate or complexes with Ca in the gypsum treatment. It is suggested that the longevity of gypsum effects on reduced exchangeable Al under field conditions may be due in part to the role of Ca in oxalate complexation.
Plasma Etching and Deposition for a‐Si:H Thin Film Transistors

Amorphous silicon a-Si :H thin film transistors (TFTs) are the dominant devices for high quality, large area active matrix liquid crystal displays (AM-LCDs) today. Although many thin film technologies used in the fabrication of TFTs are similar to those used in very large scale integrated circuits, they are different in their structures, materials, and device requirements. In this paper, the author reviews two of the most critical plasma technologies, plasma etching (PE)/reactive ion etching (RIE) and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), in preparing a-Si :H TFTs according to above categories. Examples in each subject are given and discussed. Key factors in this paper are the plasma process effects on TFT performance. A summary on the short- and long-term research and development needs in these fields is included at the end.
Comparison of techniques for measurements of fog liquid water content

During the Po Valley Fog Experiment 1989, four different methods for the measurement of the liquid water content in fog have been operated side by side. In order to check the performance of the PVM-100 (Particulate Volume Monitor) under field conditions, the data were compared to the results of the measurements with two FSSP-100 (Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probes), a Johnson Williams heated wire probe, and a Lyman-α instrument. Accuracy, limitations, and calibrations of these instruments are discussed. Results of fog chamber calibrations of a PVM-100 are shown. The PVM-100 was concluded to be the best instrument under laboratory and field conditions. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1992. t01-1-00013.x