Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Downside Risk-Based Six-Factor Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM): A New Paradigm in Asset Pricing

The importance of downside risk cannot be denied. In this study, we have replaced beta in the five-factor model of using downside beta and have added a momentum factor to suggest a new six-factor downside beta capital asset pricing model (CAPM). Two models are tested—a beta- and momentum-based six-factor model and a downside-beta- (proxy of downside risk) and momentum-based six-factor model. Beta and downside beta are highly correlated; therefore, portfolios are double-sorted to disentangle the correlation. Factor loadings, i.e., size, value, momentum, profitability, and investment, are constructed. The standard methodologies are applied. Data for sample stocks from different non-financial sectors listed in the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) are taken from January 2000 to December 2018. The PSX-100 index and three-month T-bills are taken as proxies for market and risk-free returns. The study uses three subsamples for robustness—period of very high volatility, period of stability, and period of stability and growth with volatility. The results show that the value factor is redundant in both models. The momentum factor is rejected in the beta-based six-factor model only. The beta-based six-factor model shows very low R2 in periods of highly volatility. The R2 is high for the other periods. In contrast, the downside beta six-factor model captures the downside trend of the market in an effective manner with a relatively high R2. The risk–return relationship is stronger for the downside beta model. These reasons lead us to believe that, overall, the downside beta six-factor model is a better option for investors as compared to the beta-based six-factor model in the area of asset pricing models.
Fifth contribution to nomenclature of Cambrian fossils

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BAYESIAN ESTIMATION OF A SMALL-SCALE NEW KEYNESIAN MODEL WITH HETEROGENEOUS EXPECTATIONS

This paper uses Bayesian methods to estimate a small-scale New Keynesian model with heterogeneous expectations (HE). Agents form expectations via Euler equation adaptive learning (AL) and differ by the model they use to forecast. Type A agents use a correctly specified model, while type B and type C agents use misspecified models. Quarterly US data from the pre-Great Moderation and Great Moderation periods are used to jointly estimate the degree of agent heterogeneity, the AL parameters, and the deep model parameters. Results show that the data exhibit significant expectational heterogeneity, and that the HE model fits the data better than a model with homogeneous agent AL.
Noticing how our social networks are interconnected can influence language change

ABSTRACT Languages constantly change. This requires variants that are initially rare to become dominant. A prime question is how such changes come about. Here we propose that the inter-connectivity of people’s contacts, and people’s failure to take it into account leads them to over-weigh the informativity of repeated information. In Experiment 1 we find that people do not sufficiently account for the independence of their sources, and that this neglect is stronger for linguistic terms than it is for opinions. In Experiment 2 we conduct simulations on real world networks and find that failure to account for source dependence promotes the spread of innovations. Together, these results show that language and opinions do not follow the same trajectory of change, and that the spread of innovations, and especially linguistic innovations, is facilitated by biases in the way we process information and community structure.
Current and Prospective Strategies on Detecting and Managing Colletotrichumfalcatum Causing Red Rot of Sugarcane

Sugarcane is an important industrial crop because it is the major source of white sugar. It is also one of the crops for the alcohol and biofuel industries. Disease-causing organisms can significantly decrease the productivity of sugarcane plants and sugar quality. Among the disease-causing organisms, Colletotrichum falcatum Went causes the most significant economic loss (5–50%) in the sugarcane production due to red rot disease. This loss results in only 31% sugar recovery. It is reported that C. falcatum can kill sugarcane plants. Currently, there is no sustainable way of preventing red rot disease from spreading in sugarcane plantations. Many popular sugarcane varieties are no longer used in sugarcane cultivation because of their susceptibility to C. falcatum. The objectives of this manuscript were to: (i) summarize existing approaches for the early detection of red rot disease and controlling techniques of red rot disease in the field and laboratory and (ii) assess red rot disease control effectiveness so as to propose better methods for mitigating the spread C. falcatum. If our proposition is adopted or practiced, it could significantly contribute to the mitigation of C. falcatum infection in the sugarcane industry. This could enable achieving sustainable cultivation of sugarcanes to guarantee the sustainability of the sugar industry in the tropics and the subtropics.
Validity and Effectiveness of Argument-Driven Inquiry Model With Contextual Approaches to Improve Critical Thinking Skills in Science Learning

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness and validity of a teaching document using Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI) model with a Contextual Approach to improve students' critical thinking skills in science learning. This type of research was research and development (RD (2) learning materials was effective in terms of: (a) the students' responses were categorized as very good with results of 83.2%, (b) students' critical thinking skill increased with an average value of N-gain in grade eight A of 0.74 and 0.75 for grade eight B with a high category. Based on the results of statistical analysis using the t test, the probability value (sig) was 0,000 in the two classes. This means that the significance value was less than 0.05 which means there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test results. In conclusion, Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI) model with a Contextual Approach is proven to be feasible and effective for improving critical thinking skills.
A Comparative Study of Helicobacter pylori Growth on Different Agar-based Media

The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research is an Open-Access Journal. All articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ORIGINAL ARTICLE ISSN 1738-3331, https://doi.org/10.7704/kjhugr.2017. 17.4. 208 The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research, 2017;17(4):208-212
Diversity and enzymatic characterization of Bacillus species isolated from traditional cassava starters used for attiéké production

Fermentation plays an important role in the production of cassava-based foods in West Africa. In Cote d'Ivoire, this step requires the use of a traditional cassava starter. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify and evaluate the enzymatic profile of the different Bacillus species present in these traditional cassava starters. Technique based on the analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence was used for the identification of Bacillus species. Enzymatic activity of different species identified was carried out with API ZYM system. Based on the 16S r DNA sequence analysis, seven species of Bacillus (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus methylotrophicus, Bacillus vallismortis and Bacillus toyonensis ) were identified. B. subtilis was the most identified species with a frequency of 30% followed by B. amyloliquefaciens (18%) , B. methylotrophicus (10%), B. cereus (6%), B. toyonensis (6%), B. vallismortis (4%) and B. pumilus (4%). Many of these species have been able to produce osidases, phosphatases, lipases and proteases. Seventeen enzymes from these different enzyme groups were synthesized by the identified Bacillus species. The dominant and enzyme-producing species could be used for the development of a starter culture. Keywords : Bacillus species, enzymes, traditional cassava starter.
Perceived input control on digital platforms: a mixed-methods investigation of web-browser platforms

ABSTRACT Complementary products and services of third-party complementors have become one of the cornerstones for the success and sustainability of digital platforms. To understand how and why these complementors and their complements decide to contribute to digital platforms, Information Systems (IS) research has paid considerable attention to the effects of control modes on shaping platform governance. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the causal effects of a widely applied, yet under-examined control mode, namely input control (i.e. the set of mechanisms that screen and sort out complementors and their complements before entering the digital platform’s ecosystem). In particular, extant literature has largely ignored the distinction between complementor-related and complement-related input control. Using a sequential mixed-methods approach, this paper first provides results of a quantitative study from a survey with 114 web-browser extension developers to investigate hypothesised relationships, then provides a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with 22 developers to confirm and complement the formerly found relationships. Both studies provide consistent support for the assertion that both complementor-related and complement-related input control negatively affects complementors’ continuance intentions and that perceived usefulness and satisfaction mediate these effects. As such, our paper contributes to IS governance research primarily by (1) conceptually distinguishing between complementor-related and complement-related input control and (2) uncovering their distinct effects on critical complementor beliefs, attitudes and behavioural intentions. Moreover, our paper offers insights that can help platform providers to effectively manage their screening and gatekeeping processes for the success and sustainability of their digital platforms.
Alkaloid profile of endophytic Diaporthe spp. from Cinchona calisaya

Endophytic fungi have been known as potential source of bioactive compound, similar to their host. Â This study was conducted to identify endophytic Diaporthe spp. isolated from Cinchona calisaya and to explore their potential in producing alkaloids, particularly quinine. A total of 39 strains of Diaporthe spp. were identified using ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and EF1-Î± gene. Seventeen strains have species name and they represent eight species of Diaporthe i.e. D. cynaroidis, D. endophytica, D. ganjae, D. gardeniae, D. litchicola, D. phaseolorum, D. pseudomangiferae, and D. rhoina. The reÂ­maining 22 strains represents 15 groups of unidentified Diaporthe sp. High performance liquid chromatography analyses of chloroform extract of 21-days old static cultures of all fungi in potato dextrose broth showed that these strains produce totally 82 different alkaloids. Each strain producedabout 2-38 different alkaloids. Sixteen out of 39 strains (41%), i.e. one strain each of D. endophytica, D. garÂ­deniae, Â D. phaseolorum, and Â D. pseudoÂ­mangiferae, 2 strains of D. litchicola, and 10 strains of unidentified Diaporthe were able to produce quinine. The quinine concentration ranges from 1.1 mg/l to 155.2 mg/l. By using Jaccardâ€™s similarity index 0.44 as the cutting score, UPGMA analyses of alkaloid profile of these strains shows that these strains forms 23 clusters. Alkaloid profile clustering does not support the phylogenetic grouping. This indicates that the alkaloid profile is strain dependent. Some potential strains should be further investigated for optimization of their quinine production.
Köppen’s climate classification projections for the Iberian Peninsula

Projections of Köppen-Geiger climate classifications under future climate change for the Iberian Peninsula are investigated using a 7-ensemble mean of regional climate models obtained from EURO-CORDEX. Maps with predicted future scenarios for temperature, precipitation and Köppen-Geiger classification are analyzed for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 in Iberia. Widespread statistically significant shifts in temperature, precipitation and climate regimes are projected in the 2041-2070 period, with greater shifts occurring under RCP8.5. An overall increase in temperature and a decrease in precipitation in the south-southeast is predicted. Of the two climate types, dry (B) and temperate (C), the dominant one was C in 86% of Iberia for 1961-1990, predicted to decrease by 8.0% by 2041-2070 under RCP4.5 (9.5% under RCP8.5). The hot-summer Mediterranean climate (CSa) will progressively replace CSb (warm-summer climate) in the northwestern half of Iberia until 2070. This shift, depicted by the SSIM index, is particularly noticeable in Portugal, with the projected establishment of the CSa climate by 2041-2070. The predicted retreat of humid subtropical (Cfa) and temperate oceanic (Cfb) areas in the northeast towards the Pyrenees region is noteworthy, as is the increase of desert (BW) and semi-desert (BS) climates (7.8 and 9%) in the southeast (between Granada and Valencia). Climate types BSh and BWh (hot semi-desert and hot desert, respectively), non-existent in the 1961-1990 period, are projected to represent 2.8% of the territory in 2041-2070 under RCP4.5 (5% under RCP8.5). The statistically significant projected changes hint at the disappearance of some vegetation species in certain regions of Iberia, with an expected increase in steppe, bush, grassland and wasteland vegetation cover, typical of dry climates in the southeast.
Comparative Study on Bacterial Load in Intestine, Gills and Skin of Cultured African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from Different Locations in Rivers State, Nigeria

Comparative study on bacterial load in intestine, gills and skin of cultured African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from different locations (Agip; Aluu and Woji) all in Rivers State were evaluated. The result obtained indicated that the specie Streptococcus accounts for the highest bacterial occurrence (42.9%) and Pseudomonas spp. and E.coli. had the lowest (7.14%). In all the three locations under consideration the highest bacteria (0.0129±0.0040x10 CFU/g) was found in the intestine of the fish sampled from Aluu environment, while the lowest (0.0046±0.0019 x10 CFU/g) was recorded in the skin of fish sampled from Agip estate. The results of this study revealed a higher degree of bacteriological contamination in different organs of C. gariepinus fish in all the locations. The presence of these pathogenic organisms in these samples of fish could pose a serious threat and hazard to the consumers. Hence, C. gariepinus fish should be processed properly before consumption.
Inclusionary and exclusionary banter: English club cricket, inclusive attitudes and male camaraderie

Abstract Sport has traditionally been a hostile environment for lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people. More recently, however, research on a range of British sports has documented a considerable shift toward inclusivity for sexual minorities. Curiously, despite its global popularity, no research has yet measured attitudes toward homosexuality in cricket. By drawing on 12 semi-structured interviews with a club cricket team in the South East of England, we show inclusive attitudes toward homosexuality in sport and society. We also explore how forms of ‘banter’ among members of the club are complex and multifaceted. Accordingly, we propose that banter in grassroots cricket can be conceptualized into ‘inclusionary’ forms (incorporating how a close team relationship can facilitate inclusive forms of banter) and ‘exclusionary’ forms (incorporating jokes which transgress acceptable forms of banter). This research therefore acts as a point of departure for further investigations of the operation of banter across different levels of sport.
Data assimilation for nowcasting in the terminal area of Rio de Janeiro

The process of data assimilation, in which meteorological observations and weather forecasts are merged to provide an analysis field, has been largely studied by the scientific community and operational centers. The 3D-Variational (3D-Var) approach available in the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) computer model is evaluated for data assimilation for the Terminal Control Area of Rio de Janeiro (TCA-RJ). The basic goal of any variational data assimilation system is to produce an optimal estimate of the atmospheric state at analysis time. The analysis field is estimated from a first guess (previous forecast) and an observation field, weighted by the error matrices. The WRF is designed for nowcasting (forecasts up to 6h) for the TCA-RJ through assimilation cycles using surface, sounding, and wind profile data. The preliminary results show the model sensibility for each observation type and encourage the use of this technique operationally for the support of the air traffic management controlled by the Brazilian Air Force.
Changing spatio‐temporal trends of heat wave and severe heat wave events over India: An emerging health hazard

Heat wave (HW) and severe heat wave (SHW) events are the manifestations of extreme temperature causing an array of impacts on health, ecosystem, and economy. Since the mid‐20th century, an increasing trend in the characteristics of heat waves has been observed over India causing an increased rate in human mortality. Our study aimed to analyse monthly, seasonal, and decadal variations along with long‐term trends of HW and SHW events for pre‐monsoon (March–May) and early summer monsoon (June–July) season during 1951–2016. HW and SHW events were identified using revised criteria given by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) using daily gridded maximum temperature data at 0.5° × 0.5° resolution from IMD. The study found a Spatio‐temporal shift in the occurrence of HW events with a significantly increasing trend in three prominent heat wave prone regions that is northwestern, central, and south‐central India, the highest being in West Madhya Pradesh (0.80 events/year), while a significantly decreasing trend was observed over an eastern region that is Gangetic West Bengal (−0.13events/year). SHW events showed a southward expansion and a spatial surge during the decades of 2001–2010 and 2010–2016. Tri‐decadal comparative assessment shows a decadal increase of around 12 HW and 5 SHW events post the 1980s. State‐wise Pearson's correlation between HW/SHW events and observed mortality reveals that the eastern coastal states that are Odisha and Andhra Pradesh show a significant positive correlation of 0.62 and 0.73, respectively. This significantly increasing trend in HW and SHW events may pose a grave risk to human health, predominantly on the vulnerable sections of the society. Heat waves need to be recognized as a potential health risk and demand further study, robust preparedness, and policy intervention.
Seasonal Differences and Variability of Concentrations, Chemical Composition, and Cloud Condensation Nuclei of Marine Aerosol Over the North Atlantic

The majority of the aerosol particle number (condensation nuclei or CN) in the marine boundary layer (MBL) consists of sulfate and organic compounds that have been shown to provide a large fraction of the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Here we use submicron non‐refractory Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) and filter measurements of organic and sulfate components of aerosol particles measured during four North Atlantic Aerosol and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) research cruises to assess the sources and contributions of submicron organic and sulfate components for CCN concentrations in the MBL during four different seasons. Submicron hydroxyl group organic mass (OM) correlated strongly to sodium concentrations during clean marine periods (R = 0.9), indicating that hydroxyl group OM can serve as a proxy for sea‐spray OM in ambient measurements. Sea‐spray OM contributed 45% of the sum of sea‐spray OM and sea salt during late spring (biomass climax phase) compared to <20% for other seasons, but the seasonal difference was not statistically significant. The contribution of non‐combustion sources during clean marine periods to submicron OM was 47 to 88% and to non‐sea‐salt sulfate 31 to 86%, with likely sources being marine and biogenic. The remaining submicron OM and sulfate were likely associated with ship or continental sources, including biomass burning, even during clean marine periods. The seasonal contribution from secondary sulfate and OM components to submicron aerosol mass was highest during late spring (60%), when biogenic emissions are expected to be highest, and lowest during winter (18%). Removing submicron sea‐spray OM decreased CCN concentrations by <10% because of competing effects from increased hygroscopicity and decreased particle size. During all seasons, adding biogenic secondary sulfate increased hygroscopicity, particle size, and CCN concentrations at 0.1–0.3% supersaturations by 5–66%. The largest change was during early spring when the fraction of hygroscopic sulfate components in the 0.1–0.2 μm size range was highest (80%). During continental periods, the increased contribution from low‐hygroscopicity organic components to 0.1–0.2 μm diameter particles reduces the CCN/CN by 20–100% for three seasons despite the increased CN and mass concentrations. These results illustrate the important role of the chemical composition of particles with diameters 0.1–0.2 μm for controlling CCN in the MBL.
Short- and Long-Term Impacts of Workplace Relocation: A Survey and Experience from the University of Luxembourg Relocation

Workplace relocation can have a significant impact on commuting trips as well as on the location and number of activities scheduled within the home-work tour. This often exogenous, non-voluntary event affects the entire activity-travel behavior of the employees. As response, employees can adopt several short- and long-term adaptation strategies to cope with such change, the most obvious being commuting mode shifting, acquire new mobility resources (e.g., buying a car) or changing residential location. As workplace relocation can be consequence of national policies aimed at decongesting the city centers or to favor the development of new business areas, undesired macroscopic changes in modal shares and in land developments may be observed. While a decrease in the commuting time after a workplace relocation is, in some cases, observed, an increase in car use for the commuting trip may be observed as well. This paper aims at providing an in-depth understanding of the effect of workplace relocation on travel behavior by reviewing and selecting the relevant scientific literature on the topic, which has in the last years gained popularity. The findings and observations summarized by the literature review are then complemented with the specific example of the relocation of the University of Luxembourg employees. Finally, we indicate potential directions for research, which are currently underexplored.