Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intraspecific differentiation of Sparganium erectum in the Czech Republic

Aquatic and wetland plants tend to be very phenotypically plastic, which accounts for the taxonomic difficulties in many groups. In the genus Sparganium, which comprises about 14 species, numerous taxa at different ranks are described. The classification of the genus is based on generative characters on the fruit, which are less influenced by the environment than vegetative characters. Nevertheless, the intraspecific division of Sparganium erectum poses problems, especially the existence of several intraspecific taxa along with intermediate individuals. In this study we examined four European subspecies of S. erectum (subsp. erectum, subsp. microcarpum, subsp. neglectum and subsp. oocarpum) from 64 populations in the Czech Republic. A combination of multivariate morphometrics, AFLPs and genome size estimation allowed us to confirm the current subspecies classification and investigate putative intraspecific hybridization. Four genetic groups with different genome sizes corresponding to the subspecies were found. Morphological characters that were described in previous studies correlated with these genetic groups and thus affirmed the classification. The most important characters for subspecies differentiation were width and length of fruit, style length, length of the upper part of the fruit and constriction in the middle part of the fruit. In addition, admixed individuals between the genetic groups were recorded. The hybrid origin of subsp. oocarpum was confirmed, being derived from the crossing of subsp. erectum and subsp. neglectum. Finally, three other hybrid combinations were detected, suggesting recent hybridization: subsp. erectum × subsp. microcarpum, subsp. microcarpum × subsp. neglectum, and subsp. erectum × subsp. oocarpum.
Molecular and morphological boundaries of the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) is a natural enemy of pest mites used worldwide in many crops. Its correct identification is thus essential to ensure biological control success. The present study aimed to characterize molecular and morphological intraspecific variations for assisting in the diagnosis of the species and to build baseline information about expected variations within a commercially important phytoseiid species. Morphological and molecular [12S rRNA, cytochrome b mitochondrial (mt)DNA, and internal transcribed spacer] analyses were carried out on fourteen populations collected worldwide and on one mass-reared strain. The genetic distances between the specimens of N. californicus and another related species were high and no overlap was observed, sustaining the reliability of such molecular methods for assisting a specific diagnosis. Furthermore, the genetic distances between populations of N. californicus were very low and overlap between intra- and interpopulations distances was observed, except for two populations collected in France (Marsillargues and Midi-Pyrenees). The high mitochondrial differentiation between these two latter populations and the others questions their specific status: do they belong to the species N. californicus or to another cryptic species? However, using nuclear DNA marker analyses, no distinct differences were observed. Furthermore, even if significant morphological differences were observed between the populations, these differences were very small and the standard errors within each population were very low. We thus concluded that all the populations studied belong to the species N. californicus, despite unexpected high mitochondrial variations. The present study thus displays the importance of an integrative taxonomic approach for avoiding misidentifications. A discussion on morphological and mtDNA variations in relation to diagnostic reliability is developped. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 104, 393–406.
Suppression of the Electrical Tree Growth in Solid Insulation Using a Transverse Layer of Dielectric Barrier

A solid insulation with a transverse layer of dielectric materials is described to investigate the effect on the growth of electrical trees. A needle to plane electrode is used for the simulation of the sharp protrusion in underground cable that causing tree inception field. A simulation field in polyester resin with a layer of dielectric barrier in different distance from the needle tip is presented using charge simulation method. The layer of dielectric barrier is chosen to demonstrate the suppression of the electric tree growth. The obtained results clear that the electric field simulated from charge simulation method in the presence of dielectric barrier having suddenly decreasing value in the barrier location, which reduce the probability of tree growth.
Study of Disease Outbreak in Layer Flocks in and Around Sammundri Area

A respiratory disease outbreak was reported in layer flocks in and around Sammundri area of Punjab. Postmortem of the affected birds were performed and morbid organs (trachea, lungs, air sacs, spleen, proventriculus and brain) were collected and processed for isolation and identification of etiological agent. The samples were inoculated in 9-days old embryonated hen eggs. The harvested amnio-allantoic fluid (AAF) agglutinated chicken RBCs and was subjected to inhibition of haemagglutination (HI) and Agar Gel Precipitation test (AGPT) with specific antisera of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), H9 and H7 serotype of Avian Influenza (AI) virus to identify the etiological agents. The haemagglitination (HA) activity of AAF collected from the samples of Sammundri and Gojra areas were inhibited with antisera of NDV while antiserum of AIV H9 inhibited the HA activity of AAF of Kamalia area. AGPT with known antisera confirmed the presence of NDV in the outbreaks of Sammundri, Gojra where as AIVH9 in the outbreaks of Kamalia area. Isolated NDV was pathotyped as velogenic on the basis of Mean Death Time (MDT), Intracerebral Pathogenicity Index (ICPI) and Intravenous Pathogenicity Index (IVPI). The serum samples collected were analyzed for antibodies to NDV, H7, H9 serotype of AI and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). The sera of sammundri and Gojra areas were found positive to MG, NDV while that of Kamalia to MG and H9 serotype of AI. Bacteriological culture indicated E.coli and Salmonella infection in the flocks. The clinical signs, postmortem lesions, serological analysis and bacteriological examination indicated that a number of infectious agents like NDV, H9 serotype of AI along with, E.coli and Salmonella, were responsible for the recent respiratory outbreaks in layer flocks.
Low Level Diode Laser Therapy versus Surgical Abrasion in the Treatment of Gingival Racial Pigmentation – Clinical Study

Healthy oral mucosa is pink in color, but it can vary from light to dark pink depending on the thickness of epithelium, the amount of melanin and the number of erythrocytes present in the connective tissue vessels and their proximity to the surface. Gingival pigmentation is defined as color change of the gingiva from variable shades of pink to dark brown or black due to genetic factors which is the most important endogenous factor responsible for increased production of melanin by melanocytes, or pathological factors. Some other exogenous factors such as ultra violet radiation (UV), smoking and medications may also increase melanin synthesis [1]. Genetics Racial gingival pigmentation is a common esthetic concern, which is aggravated in patients with excessive gingival display and more common noticed in adults, the attached gingiva is the most common site of involvement in the anterior region of the maxilla and mandible followed by the buccal mucosa, lip corners, lip mucosa, dorsal and ventral surface of the tongue and rarely the floor of the mouth [2] Kauzman [3] were broadly classified the gingival pigmentation into: Research Article
PLASTICITY, MONOTONICITY, AND IMPLEMENTABILITY

Consider a setting in which agents have quasilinear utilities over money and social alternatives. The set of alternatives can be finite or infinite. A domain D of admissible valuation functions of an agent is called a revenue monotonicity domain if every weakly monotone allocation rule is truthfully implementable (in dominant strategies) and satisfies revenue equivalence. We introduce the notion of plasticity and prove that every plasticity domain is a revenue monotonicity domain. Our proof is elementary and does not rely on strenuous additional machinery. We also show that various economic environments, with countable or uncountable allocations, satisfy domain plasticity. Our applications include public and private supply of divisible public goods, multi-unit auction-like environments with increasing valuations, allocation problems with single-peaked valuations, and allocation problems with externalities. JEL Classification Numbers: C72, D70, D82.
Assessment of Parental Style, Family Structure and Personality Type on Temper Tantrum among Adolescents in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State

This study investigated parental style, family structure and personality types on Temper tantrum among adolescent in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive research design of survey type with a total of four hundred and thirty five (435) adolescents. Three research questions were answered using correlation and multiple regression analysis. The three variables (parenting style, family structure and personality type) when combined, accounted for 54.6% of the total variance in the temper tantrum. There was also significant relative contribution of the independent variables to temper tantrum of the participants (F(3,432)=31.608; p < 0.05). Also, parenting style made the most significant relative contribution to the prediction of temper tantrum (B=0.645, t=4.064, p<0.05); followed by family structure (B=0.372, t=3.962, p<0.05) and personality type (B= 0.184, t=3.754, p<0.05). The researcher concluded that poor parenting style poses a greater effect on adolescents temper tantrum and family structure are the important variables to be taken care off in controlling temper tantrum. The study therefore recommends that effective and consistence in parenting style should be looked into. Families should understand that their actions directly or indirectly affect their children as breakdown of marriages and long divorce case puts the children at the social misfits in the public domain.
The influence of in‐stream structures on summer water temperatures via induced hyporheic exchange

Temperature is an important controlling factor for ecological functions. In‐stream geomorphic structures affect stream thermal regimes by facilitating hyporheic exchange of water and heat between stream channels and underlying sediments. We varied the height of an experimental weir (representing debris dams, log dams, and boulder weirs) in a small stream during the summer and monitored the hydraulic and thermal response of surface and subsurface water using a three‐dimensional sensor array. The presence of the structure altered stream temperature patterns, increasing thermal heterogeneity in surface water and shallow sediments by up to ~1. 0ºC. We estimated heat conduction and weir‐induced hyporheic heat advection across the streambed, and evaluated their response to key parameters. Conduction and advection were of similar magnitude and oscillated over the stream’s diel temperature cycle. Weir‐induced hyporheic heat advection caused slight cooling of the surface stream (up to ~0.01ºC), and increased with weir height, but was considerably less important to the overall heat budget of the stream than was atmospheric heat exchange. Streambed hydraulic conductivity appears to be the overriding factor determining the magnitude of weir‐induced hyporheic influence on surface water temperatures. We conclude that weir‐type structures will induce ecologically significant surface and subsurface thermal heterogeneity in many stream settings, but that weir‐induced hyporheic heat advection will have ecologically significant thermal effects on surface water only in coarse streambeds. Because these structures are common in natural streams and stream restoration projects, such thermal effects may be important on a landscape level.
The WNT signalling pathway in colorectal cancer

Biallelic protein-truncating APC mutations are prevalent in sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). Mutations may not be fully inactivating, instead producing WNT/βcatenin signalling levels “just-right” for tumourigenesis. However, the spectrum of optimal APC genotypes accounting for both hits, and the influence of clinicopathological features on genotype selection remain undefined. We analysed 630 sporadic CRCs for APC mutations and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) using sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism microarrays, respectively. Truncating APC mutations and/or LOH were detected in 75% of CRCs. Most truncating mutations occurred within a mutation cluster region (MCR; codons 1282-1581) leaving 1-3 intact 20 amino-acid repeats (20AARs) and abolishing all SAMP repeats. Cancers commonly had one MCR mutation plus either LOH or another mutation 5’ to the MCR. LOH was associated with mutations leaving 1 intact 20AAR. MCR mutations leaving 1 versus 2-3 intact 20AARs were associated with 5’ mutations disrupting or leaving intact the armadillo-repeat domain, respectively. Cancers with three hits had an overrepresentation of mutations upstream of codon 184, in the alternatively spliced region of exon 9, and 3’ to the MCR. Microsatellite unstable (MSI) cancers showed hyper-mutation at MCR monoand di-nucleotide repeats, leaving 2-3 intact 20AARs. Proximal and distal cancers exhibited different preferred APC genotypes, leaving a total of 2 or 3 and 0 to 2 intact 20AARs, respectively. In conclusion, APC genotypes in sporadic CRCs demonstrate “finetuned” interdependence of hits by type and location, consistent with selection for particular residual levels of WNT/β-catenin signalling, with different “optimal” thresholds for proximal and distal cancers.
Field peas: Chemical composition and energy and amino acid availabilities for poultry

Twelve pea cultivars (yellow-, green- and brown-seeded) were evaluated for chemical composition and digestibility in poultry. The evaluation involved analyses for protein, amino acids (AAs), fat, starch, dietary fibre, ash, calcium, phosphorus and tannins. True metabolizable energy [nitrogen corrected (TMEn) and uncorrected (TME)] and true AA bioavailability values were also determined with adult cockerels. The cultivars showed a wide range of protein (207.5–264.0 g kg−1) and starch (385.3–436.8 g kg−1) contents which were not related to the seed coat colours. The concentrations of several AAs varied among the cultivars. With the exception of arginine, the concentrations of all other essential AAs on a protein basis decreased as protein levels increased. Out of 10 essential AAs including cystine, only arginine had a positive correlation (r = 0.79) with protein content. The dietary fibre contents varied between 190.7 and 223.1 g kg−1 and the values were slightly higher in the brown-seeded cultivars. The br.
Effects of spinosad on Liriomyza cicerina (Rondani, 1875) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and its parasitoids in chickpea

3 Summary The aim of this study was to compare and control spinosad with cyromazine on Liriomyza cicerina (Rondani, 1875) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) which is an important pest in chickpea growing areas in Şanliurfa (Turkey). Field trials were carried out in Turkeys's southeastern Şanliurfa from march to june in 2007 and 2008. Spinosad was applied at a concentration of 25 ml/100 l water with 125 ml mineral oil/ 100 liter and cyromazine application was 20 g/100 liter to compare. When it comes to the result of the study, spinosad showed little or no effect on natural enemies of the pest whereas it had a significant impact on larvae of L. cicerina. However, in spinosad-treated plots, chickpea yield rate was higher than control plots.
Composição e diversidade de Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) atraídos por armadilha de luz em área rural no norte do Paraná, Brasil

The most devastated environments in the State of Parana are those with great agricultural potential, and most human interference actions on the environment are seldom preceded by a careful study of the fauna, which would reveal the diversity and abundance of animals in these areas. This study aimed to describe the Scarabaeoidea fauna attracted by light traps in rural areas of the Tamarana County, Parana, Brazil, and to contribute to the ecological knowledge on species of this group. The sampling was carried out quarterly, from March 2002 to April 2003, in two rural properties, using a modified "Luiz de Queiroz" light trap. The light traps captured 2447 specimens, distributed into 10 families, 24 genera and 67 species. The three most abundant species were also the most frequent: Aphodius lividus (Olivier, 1789), Melolonthidae sp. 1 e Ataenius sp. 5. The highest A. lividus population density occurred in April, fall season, whereas Melolonthidae sp. 1 and Ataeucus were most frequently found in Octubre and November, spring. The majority of the species were represented by few individuals (H'= 1,74), and the distribution of individuals species was relatively uniform (J'= 0,95; S=0,20). A large number of families was recorded, and they were represented by few individuals. There was a predominance of families of detritivores - Aphodiidae, Scarabaeidae, Hybosoridae and phytophagus - Melolonthidae, Dynastidae and Rutilidae. The study collected 25 detritivore species among the 1422 specimen recorded.
Age determination and morphology of otolith in Alburnus chalcoides (Guldenstaedt,1772) in the southern Caspian Sea

The aim of this study was to provide necessary information on the age, growth and sex ratio of one of commercially important cyprinid species, Alburnus chalcoides in the southern Caspian Sea (North of Iran) from 2010 through 2011. 53 specimens of both sexes (males and females) were collected monthly. The samples were transported to the laboratory for further biological measurements and otolith extraction. The maximum and minimum age of A.chalcoides was 4+(FL=26.0 cm) and 1+ (FL= 18.1 cm), respectively. The mean fork length of A. chalcoides was 20.21±0.287 cm; and the sex ratio was 1.00: 2.12. The calculated length-weight relationships for all individuals were as W=0.141TL2. 199 (R2= 0.648). Different regressions were prepared between age and morphological measurements of fish and otolith, of which the highest correlation was between age and body length as a linear regression of TL=1.959Age+16.32 (r= 0.66). There was no significant correlation between morphometric measurements of otolith and fish morphological parameters (p> 0.05), and an allometric growth was found with a slope of b=1.926 for the study area.
A medium-sized, open-economy, fiscal DSGE model of South Africa

Much of the research on fiscal multipliers has used reduced form modelling approaches. While these models have been extended to include richer controls and identification approaches, it remains unclear whether shocks identified capture the true structural shocks. An alternative way to identify these shocks is through dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models. This paper estimates an open-economy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model for South Africa, but with a more detailed fiscal block, to measure the impact of fiscal policy shocks on macroeconomic outcomes.
Popular Backyard Flock program reduces biosecurity risks of amateur production

The California Animal Health and Food Safety laboratories provide free necropsy (postmortem examination) services to owners of backyard poultry through the Backyard Flock program funded by the California Department of Food and Agriculture. We collected and analyzed data on the number of poultry submissions to the program between 2007 and 2012, the lab totals by location and the diseases diagnosed. During those 6 years, submissions increased 383%, with chickens representing 91% of them, and the greatest increases occurred in Santa Clara, Los Angeles and Sonoma counties. The necropsy data showed that the digestive (32.5%) and hemolymphatic (16.9%) systems were the most commonly affected. Marek's disease accounted for 13.3% of diagnoses (492 cases). With the rapid rise in the number of poultry being raised by amateur producers, biosecurity education is essential.
Characterization and Determination of Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacteria Associated with Untreated Infected Wound

Background: Infection due to the wound has been a major health concern worldwide. Objectives: The study was aimed to characterize and determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns of some bacteria associated with untreated wound infection among secondary school student at Kura Local Government, Kano State, Nigeria. Methodology: A total of 24 samples were collected from the subjects with untreated infected wound from July 2018 to December 2018. The wound swab samples were inoculated onto Nutrient agar, Blood agar, and MacConkey agar plates and incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24 h. Each colony was re-inoculated into freshly prepared agar plates until a pure colony was obtained. Isolates were identified using Gram staining and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done using agar disk diffusion method. Result: The result showed that a total of 124 isolates were recovered belonging to seven different species, namely, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, coagulase negative staphylococcus species (CoNS), and Streptococcus faecalis. The most prevalent isolate was S. aureus with 24 isolates which accounted for 19.4% of the total isolates recovered. The antibiotics susceptibility pattern of the isolates showed that S. aureus is susceptible to the entire antibiotic used except amoxicillin. Streptococcus also showed resistivity to all the antibiotics except gentamicin. E. coli showed resistivity to augmentin and amoxicillin. Klebsiella is resistant amoxicillin, P. mirabilis showed resistivity to erythromycin and amoxicillin while CoNS was resistant to amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: It is concluded that bacteria are one of the etiological agents of wound.