Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential of Cyperus Papyrus in Yard-Scale Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment in Cameroon

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performances of Cyperus papyrus in horizontal flow constructed wetlands used for domestic wastewater treatment. Two system configurations were used: the horizontal surface flow (HSF) and the horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF). Each wetland was continuously fed by primarily treated wastewater, at an average organic loading rate of 106 kg BOD/ha-d. Growth and productivity of the plant were assessed alongside the reduction of physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of water in both wetland configurations. Progressive increase in the plant density, shoot length and stem diameter were observed. Above-ground and underground biomasses of 41 and 90 tonnes of dry weight/ha/year respectively were estimated. The reduction of several physicochemical parameters and that of faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci were not significantly different in the vegetated as compare to the non vegetated control wetlands in both HSSF and HSF configurations. The HSF was nevertheless more efficient in the removal of faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci as compared to the HSSF. The rate of absorption of ammonia nitrogen by C. papyrus was estimated to about 1.11 g/m 2 /d in the HSSF and 2.0 g/m 2 /d in the HSF wetlands, while that of nitrate nitrogen was estimated to about 0.35 g/m 2 /d and 0.57 g/m 2 /d respectively.
VMAT dosimetric study in rectal cancer patients

*Corresponding Author Email: bamaoui73@gmail.com The aim of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric results of patients treated by arc-therapy for rectal cancer at Al Kindy Oncology Center in Casablanca, Morocco. Twenty-five patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (T3, T4, N1, N2) treated by arc-therapy at doses of 46 Gy with a boost of 4 Gy sequentially or simultaneously integrated were collected. We analyzed and compared the dosimetric data of the two techniques using the dose volume histograms as well as the indices of conformity and homogeneity. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS v23 system (IBM Inc., Chicago, IL). Arc-therapy with simultaneous or sequential integrated boost allowed better coverage of target volumes. In fact, the D2% and D98% were (104.66 ± 0.50) and (96.62 ± 0.78), respectively. The homogeneity index was (0.078 ± 0.018) and the conformity index was (0.99 ± 0.015). For organs at risk, V30%, V40% and V50% were respectively (15.97 ± 12.97), (7.99 ± 9.15) and (2.36 ± 5.89) for the small bowel. When at the average dose, it was 13.38 Gy. The bladder was largely protected with a V40% of (33.01 ± 18.82) and an average dose of (27.89 ± 13.07) Gy. The V40% of the femoral heads was (3.68 ± 8.25). A comparison of the simultaneous integrated boost with the sequential boost showed that the coverage of the PTVs was similar. For organs at risk, the simultaneous integrated boost has very significantly (P <0.05) reduced doses in the small bowel. For the bladder and femoral heads the results of both techniques were similar. This study clearly shows that the Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) technique provides a better dose distribution for PTV and OARs. The simultaneous integrated boost reduced the irradiated volumes of the small bowel resulting in a reduction in complications and toxicities.
Moody MOOCs: An Exploration of Emotion in an LMOOC

This paper reports on the emotions experienced by participants of a language learning MOOC or LMOOC. It has been previously shown that emotions play a key role in the learning process. Therefore, identifying and understanding the emotions experienced in new learning environments, such as LMOOCs, is of particular importance. This study was conducted during the first iteration of the Irish language and culture MOOC, Irish 101, which is delivered through the FutureLearn platform. An analysis of both self-report data and in-course learner comments is conducted to identify the emotions experienced during various content steps in the LMOOC. We found that positive emotions, such as curiosity, excitement and pride, were reported most strongly by participants throughout the course. However, certain sections of content evoked comparatively stronger instances of negative emotion such as frustration and confusion. Examples of how these emotions manifested in the discussion posts are also presented. This paper concludes by discussing the potential of emotion research for informing LMOOC design. Abstract
Optimal Taxation and Tax Complexity with Taxpayers Misperceptions∗

Complexity is a decisive feature of tax systems and a recent body of evidence reveals that it prompts taxpayers to underestimate taxes. Extending Mirrlees (1971) seminal optimal taxation model to allow for misperceptions, we investigate whether tax complexity may be a desirable policy tool in this environment. We think of tax complexity as the obfuscating features of the tax system and model it as an information cost. The higher the complexity, the more taxpayers prefer to rely on their priors about the tax scheme and the less elastic is their labor supply. We characterize the optimal policy namely the optimal tax schedule and the optimal tax complexity and show that complexity may be strictly positive at the optimum. This appears to be particularly relevant when priors are downward biased, a common result in most empirical studies.
Comparison of successful sport systems

he phenomenon of modern highperformance sport is marked by a variety of interests, of which economic interests cannot be overlooked. While in earlier times you could find top athletes who were primarily concerned with recognition, self-realisation and personal confirmation, these motives are today displaced by financial considerations. All the interests and goals that once predominated in sport continue to exist but now they seem to fulfil ideological functions, covering up the benefit calculations that have become more characteristic. At the moment sport in modern societies is subject to input-output analysis, it is prepared long beforehand and it is staged by experts. It has, in fact, become an element of the global communication system and a globalising economy. Its survival and success depend on the flow of funds, the lack of which can also endanger it. 7 Ne w St ud ies in A th let ics • n o. 2/ 20 05 © by IAAF
IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF Eucalyptus citriodora PLANT

This work was carried out in Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory of Prof. Dr. Abd El-Fatah Helmy Belal, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, North Sinai, Egypt during the period from 2016 to 2018. This study was conducted to study the effect of medium type, explant source and growth regulator type and concentration on micropropagation of E. citriodora plant which is grown in Sinai Peninsula. Results showed that full strength of Murashige and Skoog's medium (MS) was the most suitable medium for seed germination and shoot growth. Meanwhile, addition of BA at 1.00 mg l-1 was effective for improving shoot growth and development. Also, multiplying of shoots was enhanced by using nodal cutting explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.00 mg l-1 BA plus 1.00 mg l-1 NAA. On the other hand, shoot rooting was achieved by using MS medium supplemented with 2.50 mg l-1 IBA. It is worth to mention that obtained plantlets were successfully acclimatized (80% survivability) in a combination of peatmoss, vermiculite and washed sand or peatmoss and vermiculite at equal volumes.
Bone Transport for Treatment of Traumatic Composite Tibial Bone and Soft Tissue Defects: Any Specific Needs besides the Ilizarov Technique?

Objective To evaluate the surgical efficacy of bone transport (Ilizarov technique) plus “shortening-lengthening,” “flap surgery,” and “open bone transport” as individualized treatments for traumatic composite tibial bone and soft tissue defects. Methods We retrospectively analyzed sixty-eight cases (mean age: 35.69 years, (range, 16–65)) treated from July 2014 to June 2017, including 29 middle, 18 distal, and 21 proximal tibial bone defects (4–18 cm, mean: 7.97 cm) with soft tissue defects (2.5 cm × 4.0 cm to 30.0 cm × 35.0 cm after debridement). We adopted the bone transport external fixator to fix the fracture after debriding the defect parts. In the meantime, we adopted the “shortening-lengthening technique,” “flap surgery,” and “open bone transport” as individualized treatment based on the location, range, and severity of the composite tibial bone and soft tissue defects. Postoperative follow-up was carried out. Surgical efficacy was assessed based on (1) wound healing; (2) bone defect healing rate; (3) external fixation time and index; (4) incidence/recurrence of deep infection; (5) postoperative complications; and (6) Association for the Study and Application of the Methods of Ilizarov (ASAMI) score. Results The mean duration from injury to reconstruction was 22 days (4–80 d), and the mean postoperative follow-up period was 30.8 months (18–54 m). After the repair and reconstruction, 2 open bone transport patients required infected bone removal first before continuing the bone transport treatment. No deep infection (osteomyelitis) occurred or recurred in the remaining patients, and no secondary debridement was required. Some patients had complications after surgery. All the postoperative complications, including flap venous crisis, nail channel reaction, bone nonunion, mechanical axis deviation, and refracture, were improved or alleviated. External fixation time was 12.5 ± 3.41 months, and the index was 1.63 ± 0.44. According to the ASAMI score, 76.47% of the outcomes were good/excellent. Conclusion The Ilizarov technique yields satisfactory efficacy for composite tibial bone and soft tissue defects when combined with “shortening-lengthening technique,” “flap surgery,” and “open bone transport” with appropriate individualized treatment strategies.
The effect of working conditions on psychological disorders in bank workers in Romania

Tel. :+40745377055 Working conditions may affect employees’ lifestyles by triggering certain psychological symptoms like depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, and others. This study intends to provide an in-depth insight to the risk factors involved in triggering the aforementioned manifestations, therefore, adding new facts to the current literature about the topic. Thus, we intend to assess the associations between workplace factors and minor psychological disorders in a sample of Romanian bank employees. This research is quantitative in nature using a structured questionnaire filled in by 349 respondents belonging to two banking networks active in various regions of Northern Romania. The questionnaires were administered in person with full instructions for the completion. Upon completion, the questionnaires were retrieved for collection of data and statistical analysis. Our study showed statistically significant associations between various psychological conditions (anxiety, depression, sleep disorders) with factors such as: relationships with superiors (for respondents with no history of psychological complaints; p=0.04), exposure to workplace related toxins (for respondents with history of psychological complaints; p<0.001), work rhythm (for responders with history of psychological complaints; p=0.001), decision making power (for people without history of psychological complaints; p=0.047) and several other similar factors. This study highlights quantitatively selected stressors and their effects on a population of Romanian bank employees, justifying the need for implementing protocols at work in order to prevent psychological distress and physical illness.
Effects of Two Peer Instructional Strategies on Secondary School Students’ Achievement in Science

This research titled Effects of two peer instructional strategies on secondary school students’ achievement in science was aimed at determining the relative effects of the Jigsaw and Peer Tutoring instructional strategies on secondary school students’ achievement in science. Three research questions and three null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance guided the study. Quasi-experimental design was adopted. The population of the study comprised all SS 2 science students in Abakaliki Education Zone of Ebonyi State Nigeria. The sample for the study was 202 science student. A 30-item instrument, Science Achievement Test was used for data collection. The instrument was face validated and the reliability coefficient tests gave 0.83 and 0.95 using Product Moment Correlation and KR-20 respectively. Permanent teachers of the sample classes taught chemical equilibrium and administered the pretest and posttest. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions. ANCOVA was used to test HO1 while t-test was used to test HO2 and HO3. The findings include that secondary school students taught science using Jigsaw instructional strategy had higher achievement mean score than students taught using the Peer Tutoring strategy, male students in the jigsaw group achieved higher than male students in peer tutoring group, female students taught science using the Jigsaw IV instructional strategy had significantly higher achievement mean score than female students taught using the Peer Tutoring instructional strategy and there was significant difference between the mean achievement scores of students taught science using Jigsaw instructional strategy and those taught using Peer Tutoring. The findings implied that jigsaw instructional strategy yields greater achievement. It was recommended among others that science teachers should make use of the Jigsaw instructional strategy to enhance students’ achievement in science.
Community Rating in the Market for Lemons

Should sellers of health insurance be allowed to use the buyer’s age when setting prices? This paper considers competitive markets with adverse selection where firms compete in prices as in Akerlof (1970). I describe the optimal extent towhich a signal of buyer type should be contractible by the sellers. A signal (e.g., age) partitions consumers into subsets (e.g., young and old). Community rating (i.e., restricting the contractibility of this signal) increases welfare if the consumer subsets where the level of cost is higher are also the subsets where there is greater deadweight loss due to adverse selection. Such signals are empirically common. There is typically an interior optimal constraint on contractibility that maximizes welfare. To illustrate empirically the potential benefit of community rating policies, I estimate the distribution of valuations and cost for UK annuities for several groups of consumer ages and gender. The model is estimated using proprietary data that include the annuity seller’s estimate of each individual’s longevity.
UnderstandingPatterns ofEvolutionAcceptance—ANewImplementation of theMeasure ofAcceptance of theTheoryofEvolution (MATE)With MidwesternUniversity Students

We validate the Measure of Acceptance of the Theory of Evolution (MATE) on undergraduate students using the Rasch model and utilize the MATE to explore qualitatively how students express their acceptance of evolution. At least 24 studies have used the MATE, most with the assumption that it is unidimensional. However, we found that theMATE is best used as two separate dimensions.When used in this way, the MATE produces reliable (a> 0.85) measures for (i) acceptance of evolution facts and data and (ii) acceptance of the credibility of evolution and rejection of non-scientific ideas. Using k-means cluster analysis, we found students express their acceptance of evolution in five distinct profiles: (i) uniform high acceptance; (ii) uniform moderate acceptance; (iii) neutral acceptance; (iv) acceptance of facts, but rejection of credibility; and (v) rejection of both facts and credibility. Furthermore, we found that knowledge of macroevolution moderately explains students’ acceptance profiles, corroborating previous claims that teaching macroevolution may be one way to improve students’ acceptance. We use these findings to express the first set of operational definitions of evolution acceptance and propose that educators continue to explore additional ways to operationalize evolution acceptance. # 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 9999:XX–XX, 2016
Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid in Endurance Performance and Cardiovascular Function

Fish oil contains omega-3 fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 n-3). Consumption of EPA and DHA has been expected to improve fatigue recovery, endurance performance, antioxidant production, and anti-inflammatory responses. Therefore, this review aimed to evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acid on endurance performance as evaluated by human and animal studies and summarizes its effects on cardiovascular and endothelial functions. METHODS: This review summarized the effects of EPA and DHA supplementation on the maximum oxygen uptake, exercise econ omy, muscle endurance performance, and cardiovascular and endothelial functions. RESULTS: Effects of EPA and DHA supplementation on the maximum oxygen uptake are controversial. However, it has been sug gested to improve the exercise economy and make the continuation of exercise easier. EPA and DHA supplementation could also improve endurance performance in the peripheral muscles. In addition, they may improve cardiovascular and vascular endothelial functions at rest and have positive effects on the heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output during a submaximal exercise. CONCLUSIONS: This review concluded that EPA and DHA are considered effective in improving endurance performance in the peripheral muscles and cardiovascular function.
Multilateral & Costly Linkages between Emissions Trading Systems

Linkages between Emissions Trading Systems (ETSs) are crucial for ensuring cost-effectiveness in the fragmented global climate policy landscape engendered by the Paris Agreement. Research has hitherto focused on the simpler case of bilateral linkages, in part because a rigorous analysis of multilateral linkages poses significant challenges. We propose a language and a theoretical model that allow us to describe and study multilateral linkages between ETSs under uncertainty analytically. We show how every multilateral linkage can be decomposed into its internal bilateral linkages, and demonstrate that linkage is superadditive. We provide a formula for the gains from linkage coalitions of ETSs as a function of the constituent coalitions’ sizes and shock characteristics. While the global market is socially efficient, we show that it may not be the most preferred outcome for individual jurisdictions, even in the absence of linkage costs. When we introduce linkage costs which are increasing in both the number and aggregate size of partnering jurisdictions we find that efficient linkage coalition structures may differ from the global market. Finally, we study several alternative cost-sharing rules to check if they render the globally efficient coalition structure a Pareto improvement with respect to autarky. We find that several intuitively appealing rules do not meet this criterion for individual jurisdictions. We demonstrate our theoretical results using a calibrated quantitative example.
Gaining perspectives of people with stroke, to inform development of a group exercise programme: A qualitative study. Gaining perspectives of people with stroke, to inform development of a group exercise programme:

This study explored the perspectives on participation in group rehabilitation in the inpatient setting for people with moderate to severe stroke. A qualitative descriptive study using in-depth semi-structured interviews ascertained the experiences and impressions of participating in a group exercise programme. Six participants were interviewed, and analysis of the data identified four main themes: Loss of self; I can’t do it alone; Being part of the whole and Therapeutic approach in the context of personhood . These themes allowed identification of key components that may inform development of group exercise for people with moderate to severe stroke. People with moderate to severe stroke expressed feelings of loss of who they had been. Some were reluctant to join group exercise; the need to be part of a group was sometimes overwhelmed by doubt that they could participate in a meaningful way. Those who overcame their reluctance to join found a benefit in shared experience and mutual assistance to progress. The way they were treated and the degree their autonomy was respected by physiotherapists had a significant impact on their willingness to exercise and their enjoyment of group sessions. These findings will assist the development of a group programme to increase opportunities for activity in the inpatient stroke rehabilitation setting.
Studies on Biomass Yield from Echinochloa pyramidalis, E. crus-pavonis and Leersia hexandra in Yard-Scale Surface Flow Wetlands in Cameroon

In this work, yard-scale horizontal surface flow constructed wetlands were fed with primarily treated domestic wastewater to assess the growth of and biomass production from Echinochloa pyramidalis, E. cruspavonis and Leersia hexandra. The loading rate of about 85 liters per m 2 per day was applied to each wetland for two consecutive years. Growth parameters including plant density, height of plants, diameter of stems and leaf dimensions were measured after every two weeks. The aerial parts of the plants were harvested and weighed after each season. Total biomasses ranging from 113 to 154 tons/hectare/year were estimated for E. pyramidalis, while for E. crus-pavonis and Leersia hexandra they were estimated to range from 74 to 79 tons/hectare/year and from 61 to 64 tons/hectare/year respectively. The biomass yield of E. pyramidalis was significantly higher than those of E. crus-pavonis and Leersia hexandra. In addition more biomasses were produced in the dry seasons than in the rainy seasons. The growth and biomass yields were significantly influenced by the seasons and temperature.
Judiciary’s Achilles Heel: Executive Control via Appointment Power

To what extent does the selection mechanism of the judges impact judicial decision making? We document a substantial increase in judicial independence and reduced case delay in Pakistan, as a result of a 2010 judicial selection reform which changed the selection procedure of the judges from the presidential appointment of the judges to the selection of judges by a judicial commission (consisting of peer judges). Using mandatory retirement age as an instrument for new appointments, we estimate the causal effect of the change in appointment procedure on judicial independence and case delay. Better enforcement of laws regulating land disputes with government agencies is a key mechanism driving these results. We further show that the judges selected by the judicial commission are significantly less likely to be politically active prior to their appointments or receive the controversial “Prime Minister’s Assistance Package” (that awards residential plots to the judges) compared to the judges appointed by the president. (JEL O17, K40, P37)