Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associations between neurological examination at term-equivalent age and cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in infants born preterm

Background Infants born at 29–36 weeks gestational age (GA) are at risk of experiencing neurodevelopmental challenges. We hypothesize that cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism measured by bedside optical brain monitoring are potential biomarkers of brain development and are associated with neurological examination at term-equivalent age (TEA). Methods Preterm infants (N = 133) born 29–36 weeks GA and admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Combined frequency-domain near infrared spectroscopy (FDNIRS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) were used from birth to TEA to measure cerebral hemoglobin oxygen saturation and an index of microvascular cerebral blood flow (CBFi) along with peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2). In combination with hemoglobin concentration in the blood, these parameters were used to derive cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and an index of cerebral oxygen metabolism (CMRO2i). The Amiel-Tison and Gosselin Neurological Assessment was performed at TEA. Linear regression models were used to assess the associations between changes in FDNIRS-DCS parameters from birth to TEA and GA at birth. Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between changes in FDNIRS-DCS parameters from birth to TEA and neurological examination at TEA. Results Steeper increases in CBFi (p < 0.0001) and CMRO2i (p = 0.0003) were associated with higher GA at birth. Changes in OEF, CBFi, and CMRO2i from birth to TEA were not associated with neurological examination at TEA. Conclusion In this population, cerebral FDNIRS-DCS parameters were not associated with neurological examination at TEA. Larger increases in CBFi and CMRO2i from birth to TEA were associated with higher GA. Non-invasive bedside FDNIRS-DCS monitoring provides cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic parameters that may complement neurological examination to assess brain development in preterm infants.
A multidimensional construct of helicopter parenting and college students’ game and social media addictive behaviors: A cross-cultural study in South Korea and China

Introduction We explored latent classes of helicopter parenting among Korean and Chinese college students. In addition, we examined whether these latent classes of helicopter parenting are related to Korean and Chinese students’ game and social media addictive behaviors. Methods A three-step latent class analysis was conducted using 452 students from six universities in South Korea and 372 students from four universities in China. Results and discussion We identified four distinct helicopter parenting latent classes among the parents of Korean and Chinese students: weak, strong, academic management, and academic and schedule management. We also found that Korean students in the strong class reported significantly higher levels of game and social media addictive behaviors than those in the other three classes, but this did not hold for Chinese students. This finding indicates that the association between helicopter parenting and college students’ game and social media addictive behaviors can be differentiated within Asian cultural contexts.
Direct smelting process of copper carbonate ore using SiO2 as fluxing agent in electric arc furnace

ABSTRACT The demand for copper, especially from the transportation sector, continues to increase. However, the supply of copper still depends on the primary process production, namely processing or extracting copper from its ore. In addition to copper sulfide ores, copper oxide and carbonate ores are alternative raw materials for copper production, especially in countries with abundant copper reserves, such as Indonesia. This study aims to analyse the effect of SiO2 flux addition in the direct smelting process of mixed oxide and carbonate-type copper ore. This study used an electric arc furnace to carry out the smelting process. The addition of SiO2 varied between 0 and 8 wt% with an interval of 2 wt%. As a result, a direct smelting product was successfully made with a Cu content of 87.01 wt% and Cu recovery of 92.6% when using 4 wt% SiO2. The slag’s main compounds were SiO2, Fe2SiO4, FeSiO3, and Fe3O4.
Cellular FXIII in Human Macrophage-Derived Foam Cells

Macrophages express the A subunit of coagulation factor XIII (FXIII-A), a transglutaminase which cross-links proteins through Nε-(γ-L-glutamyl)-L-lysyl iso-peptide bonds. Macrophages are major cellular constituents of the atherosclerotic plaque; they may stabilize the plaque by cross-linking structural proteins and they may become transformed into foam cells by accumulating oxidized LDL (oxLDL). The combination of oxLDL staining by Oil Red O and immunofluorescent staining for FXIII-A demonstrated that FXIII-A is retained during the transformation of cultured human macrophages into foam cells. ELISA and Western blotting techniques revealed that the transformation of macrophages into foam cells elevated the intracellular FXIII-A content. This phenomenon seems specific for macrophage-derived foam cells; the transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells into foam cells fails to induce a similar effect. FXIII-A containing macrophages are abundant in the atherosclerotic plaque and FXIII-A is also present in the extracellular compartment. The protein cross-linking activity of FXIII-A in the plaque was demonstrated using an antibody labeling the iso-peptide bonds. Cells showing combined staining for FXIII-A and oxLDL in tissue sections demonstrated that FXIII-A-containing macrophages within the atherosclerotic plaque are also transformed into foam cells. Such cells may contribute to the formation of lipid core and the plaque structurization.
Effect of Technology Acceptance on Blended Learning Satisfaction: The Serial Mediation of Emotional Experience, Social Belonging, and Higher-Order Thinking

This study explored the relationship between technology acceptance and learning satisfaction in the context of blended learning, with a particular focus on the mediating effects of online behaviors, emotional experience, social belonging, and higher-order thinking. A total of 110 Chinese university students participated in this study and completed a questionnaire at the end of 11 weeks of blended learning. The results demonstrate that technology acceptance directly and indirectly relates to blended learning satisfaction. The mediation analysis further revealed two significant mediating pathways from technology acceptance to blended learning satisfaction: one through higher-order thinking, and the other through serial mediation of emotional experience, social belonging, and higher-order thinking. Moreover, there was no significant mediating effect of online learning behaviors on blended learning satisfaction. Based on these results, we have proposed practical implications for improving blended learning practice to promote learner satisfaction. These results contribute to our understanding of blended learning as an integrated construct under the triadic interplay of technical environment, learning behaviors, and individual perceptions.
Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Profiling of ABA Biosynthesis Genes in a Desert Moss Syntrichia caninervis

Syntrichia caninervis can survive under 80–90% protoplasmic water losses, and it is a model plant in desiccation tolerance research. A previous study has revealed that S. caninervis would accumulate ABA under dehydration stress, while the ABA biosynthesis genes in S. caninervis are still unknown. This study identified one ScABA1, two ScABA4s, five ScNCEDs, twenty-nine ScABA2s, one ScABA3, and four ScAAOs genes, indicating that the ABA biosynthesis genes were complete in S. caninervis. Gene location analysis showed that the ABA biosynthesis genes were evenly distributed in chromosomes but were not allocated to sex chromosomes. Collinear analysis revealed that ScABA1, ScNCED, and ScABA2 had homologous genes in Physcomitrella patens. RT-qPCR detection found that all of the ABA biosynthesis genes responded to abiotic stress; it further indicated that ABA plays an important role in S. caninervis. Moreover, the ABA biosynthesis genes in 19 representative plants were compared to study their phylogenetic and conserved motifs; the results suggested that the ABA biosynthesis genes were closely associated with plant taxa, but these genes had the same conserved domain in each plant. In contrast, there is a huge variation in the exon number between different plant taxa; it revealed that ABA biosynthesis gene structures are closely related to plant taxa. Above all, this study provides strong evidence demonstrating that ABA biosynthesis genes were conserved in the plant kingdom and deepens our understanding of the evolution of the phytohormone ABA.
A Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Dry Air Aloft on Deep Convection

Abstract A three-dimensional cloud model was used to investigate the sensitivity of deep convective storms to dry air above the cloud base. In simulations of both quasi-linear convective systems and supercells, dry air aloft was found to reduce the intensity of the convection, as measured by updraft mass flux and total condensation and rainfall. In high-CAPE line-type simulations, the downdraft mass flux and cold pool strength were enhanced at the rear of the trailing stratiform region in a drier environment. However, the downdraft and cold pool strengths were unchanged in the convective region, and were also unchanged or reduced in simulations of supercells and of line-type systems at lower CAPE. This result contrasts with previous interpretations of the role of dry air aloft in the development of severe low-level outflow winds. The buoyancy-sorting framework is used to interpret the influence of environmental humidity on the updraft entrainment process and the observed strong dependence on the environme.
On the scaling of air layer drag reduction

Abstract Air-induced drag reduction was investigated on a 12.9 m long flat plate test model at a free stream speed of $6. 3~\mathrm{m} ~{\mathrm{s} }^{- 1} $ . Measurements of the local skin friction, phase velocity profiles (liquid and gas) and void fraction profiles were acquired at downstream distances to 11.5 m, which yielded downstream-distance-based Reynolds numbers above 80 million. Air was injected within the boundary layer behind a 13 mm backward facing step (BFS) while the incoming boundary layer was perturbed with vortex generators in various configurations immediately upstream of the BFS. Measurements confirmed that air layer drag reduction (ALDR) is sensitive to upstream disturbances, but a clean boundary layer separation line (i.e. the BFS) reduces such sensitivity. Empirical scaling of the experimental data was investigated for: (a) the critical air flux required to establish ALDR; (b) void fraction profiles; and (c) the interfacial velocity profiles. A scaling of the critical air flux for ALDR was developed from balancing shear-induced lift forces and buoyancy forces on a single bubble within a shear flow. The resulting scaling successfully collapses ALDR results from the current and past studies over a range of flow conditions and test model configurations. The interfacial velocity and void fraction profiles were acquired and scaled within the bubble drag reduction (BDR), ALDR and transitional ALDR regimes. The BDR interfacial velocity profile revealed that there was slip between phases. The ALDR results showed that the air layer thickness was nominally three-quarters of the total volumetric flux (per unit span) of air injected divided by the free stream speed. Furthermore, the air layer had an average void fraction of 0.75 and a velocity of approximately 0.2 times the free stream speed. Beyond the air layer was a bubbly mixture that scaled in a similar fashion to the BDR results. Transitional ALDR results indicate that this regime was comprised of intermittent generation and subsequent fragmentation of an air layer, with the resulting drag reduction determined by the fraction of time that an air layer was present.
Effectiveness of Electroconvulsive Therapy for Preventing Relapse and Recurrence of Depression in Adults With Major Depressive Disorder: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

The present meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in preventing the relapse and recurrence of depression in adults with major depressive disorders. The study was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Two authors conducted a systematic search of online databases, such as PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE, using keywords, such as “electroconvulsive therapy,” “depressive disorders,” and “recurrence. ” The primary outcome measure was the incidence of relapse and recurrence in adults with major depressive disorder who received ECT alone or in combination with an antidepressant medication compared to those who received antidepressant medication alone. The secondary outcome measure was the change in the Mini-Mental State Examination score from baseline to the end of the trial in both groups. A total of six articles were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled rate of recurrence in the ECT group was 28.4% compared to 30.6% in the antidepressant group, with no significant difference between the two groups (risk ratio (RR) = 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.65-1.10, p = 0.21). However, subgroup analysis showed that the risk of recurrence was significantly lower in patients receiving ECT with antidepressant therapy compared to the antidepressant group alone (RR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.45-0.93, p = 0.02). On the other hand, when ECT was given alone, the risk was higher in the ECT group compared to the antidepressant group; however, the difference was not statistically significant (RR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.79-1.75). In conclusion, the results of this meta-analysis suggest that ECT alone or in combination with an antidepressant medication does not significantly impact the incidence of recurrence in adults with major depressive disorder when compared to antidepressant medication alone.
Brain activation in individuals suffering from bulimia nervosa and control subjects during sweet and sour taste stimuli

Introduction Episodes of eating great quantities of extremely sweet and often aversive tasting food are a hallmark of bulimia nervosa. This unique eating pattern led researchers to seek and find differences in taste perception between patients and healthy control subjects. However, it is currently not known if these originate from central or peripheral impairment in the taste perception system. In this cross sectional study, we compare brain response to sweet and sour stimuli in 5 bulimic and 8 healthy women using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Materials and methods Sweet, sour and neutral (colorless and odorless) taste solutions were presented to subjects while undergoing fMRI scanning. Data were analyzed using a block design paradigm. Results Between-group differences in brain activation in response to both sweet and sour tastes were found in 11 brain regions, including operculum, anterior cingulate cortex, midbrain, and cerebellum. These are all considered central to perception and processing of taste. Conclusion Our data propose that sweet and sour tastes may have reward or aversion eliciting attributes in patients suffering from bulimia nervosa not found in healthy subjects, suggesting that alteration in taste processing may be a core dysfunction in bulimia nervosa (BN).
A Content Analysis of Research Articles on English Micro-Teaching

In the era of Internet development, teaching methods are constantly updated. As an important part of English teaching methods, micro-teaching has been studied deeply by many scholars. Even though people are currently in an era when English micro-teaching is becoming more and more popular, there are not many articles about research on English micro-teaching research. Thus, this paper applies qualitative content analysis to study the academic articles on English micro-teaching from 2008 to 2020, and focuses on the issues related to English micro-teaching. The results show that: (1) The most commonly used method for conducting the research on English micro-class teaching is a questionnaire survey, followed by interviews. (2) The main advantage of English micro-teaching is that it is beneficial to teacher education, but the main disadvantage is the lack of real classroom features.
The Roles of School Counsellors in the Philippines: Challenges and Opportunities

Abstract School counselling has the potential to deliver significant support for the wellbeing of children. However, much of the research on school counsellors has been conducted in developed Western countries, with very limited research into factors influencing the effectiveness of counsellors in lower middle-income countries or in Asia. The aim of this qualitative study was to investigate the perceptions of Filipino counsellors about their roles, and factors that supported or impeded their effectiveness. Seventeen school counsellors in the Philippines were interviewed, and the data were analysed thematically. Our findings suggest that Filipino school counsellors often carry out dual roles, experience a lack of role clarity, and are systemically disempowered in their schools. Relationships with school principals have a significant influence on counsellors’ roles and positioning in schools, and therefore on their effectiveness. The ability of principals to foster a school ethos supportive of counselling is essential in enabling counsellors to leverage the multifunctional nature of their work, become embedded and centrally positioned in the school community, and enhance their effectiveness. Doing so can enable counselling to be more culturally accessible to young people.
THE ESTIMATION OF THE LOCATION AND SCALE PARAMETERS OF A CONTINUOUS POPULATION OF ANY GIVEN FORM

1. INTRODUCTORY IN this paper we shall be concerned only with continuous chance variables which have "elementary" probability functions, i.e. if X is any chance variable considered, we shall assume that there exists a non-negative function f (x), defined and continuous at almost every real value of x, such that the probability that X lies in any interval is equal to the integral off(x) over that interval. We shall call f (x) simply the probability function of X. The essential problem of estimation may be stated as follows. We have a sample consisting of n independently observed values of X,
Assembly of nitrogenase biosynthetic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by using polyprotein strategy

Nitrogenase in some bacteria and archaea catalyzes conversion of N2 to ammonia. To reconstitute a nitrogenase biosynthetic pathway in a eukaryotic host is still a challenge, since synthesis of nitrogenase requires a large number of nif (nitrogen fixation) genes. Viral 2A peptide mediated “cleavage” of polyprotein is one of strategies for multigene co-expression. Here, we show that cleavage efficiency of NifB-2A-NifH polyprotein linked by four different 2A peptides (P2A, T2A, E2A, and F2A) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ranges from ~50% to ~90%. The presence of a 2A tail in NifB, NifH, and NifD does not affect their activity. Western blotting shows that 9 Nif proteins (NifB, NifH, NifD, NifK, NifE, NifN, NifX, HesA, and NifV) from Paenibacillus polymyxa that are fused into two polyproteins via 2A peptides are co-expressed in S. cerevisiae. Expressed NifH from Klebsiella oxytoca NifU and NifS and P. polymyxa NifH fusion linked via 2A in S. cerevisiae exhibits Fe protein activity.
Finite difference solutions of solidification phase change problems: Transformed versus fixed grids

In using finite difference techniques for solving diffusion/ convection controlled solidification processes, the numerical discretization is commonly carried out in one of two ways: (1) transformed grid, in which case the physical space is transformed into a solution space that can be discretized with a fixed grid in space; (2) fixed grid, in which case the physical space is discretized with a fixed uniform orthogonal grid and the effects of the phase change are accounted for on the definition of suitable source terms. In this paper, recently proposed transformed- and fixed-grid methods are outlined. The two methods are evaluated based on solving a problem involving the melting of gallium. Comparisons are made between the predictive power of the two methods to resolve the position of the moving phase-change front
Intercombination and allowed transitions in O IV

We report on large-scale ab initio multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock calculations for important multiplets including the UV 0.01 multiplet, 2s(2)2p(2)P(J-)2s2p(24)P(J'), in O IV. The resulting transition probabilities should be accurate to +/- 5%-10% for intersystem lines and 1% or better for permitted lines. We present new calculations of line emission coefficients using these transition probabilities and collisional rate coefficients published by Zhang, Graziani, & Pradhan in 1994. We readdress the use of these lines as diagnostics of electron densities, paying particular attention to uncertainties in density determinations. We find (1) the absolute uncertainties in derived densities are difficult to assess, but are at least +/-40%, controlled by uncertainties in collision strengths; (2) our new calculations bring observed and computed line ratios into better agreement (earlier papers yielding systematically different densities make the agreement worse); (3) there is additional evidence for strong blends in the 1404.8 emission feature, as argued by other authors, and/or evidence for inaccurate laboratory wavelengths; and (4) the computed branching ratios are in good agreement with observed ratios to within observational uncertainties of +/-7%. We determine electron densities in a variety of solar features from HRTS data from the first and second flights of this instrument. The derived electron densities vary remarkably little between quiet Sun network and active regions, but resonance line intensities vary dramatically, and we discuss reasons for this. Finally, we discuss how new high-quality data from the SUMER instrument to be flown on Solar and Heliosphereic Observatory (SOHO) could be used to address outstanding problems concerning blends and heating of the solar transition region. (Less)