Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observations of low redshift H I in Stephan's Quintet

Neutral hydrogen measures that cover the velocity range from V = 200 to 2200 km s/sup -1/ are reported for Stephan's Quintet and its immediate vicinity. All measures were obtained using a new very sensitive cooled GaAsFet receiver and the 305/sup m/ reflector at Arecibo. The observations indicate the existence of low redshift H I which is significantly displaced from the position of the low redshift optical component of the Quintet, NGC 7320. Analysis of previous measures of the Sd galaxy NGC 7320 show that it is strongly H I deficient for its type and also deficient in the fraction of its mass in the form of H I. Both results could be attributed to removal of H I from NGC 7320 by interaction, possibly with the high redshift members of the Quintet. This possibility justifies remeasurement of the H I around NGC 7320 with the highest sensitivity and resolution available.
Evaluation of Immunohistochemical Expression of Matrix Metallo-Proteinase14 (MMP14) in Endometrial Carcinoma Type I: Relation with β1- Integrin & Yes-Associated Protein 1(YAP1)

Background: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a common gynecological malignancy, yet the mechanisms that lead to tumor development and progression are still not fully known. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of MMP14, β1 integrin and YAP1 in EC type I and its relation to clinic-pathological parameters. Subjects and Methods: IHC expression of MMP14, β1-integrin & YAP1 in 52 cases of EC type I (endometrioid type) were studied. The association of these markers with each other as well as with clinic-pathological parameters were evaluated. Results: Positive membranous and cytoplasmic IHC expression of MMP14 was detected in 36 (69.2%) of studied EC cases. Comparison of MMP14 IHC expression with the clinic-pathological data revealed higher expression of MMP 14 in high grades EC (II & III) and higher stages (II& III), compared to lower grades and stages but did not reach significant difference (P=0.077, P=0.925 respectively). No significant statistical difference with other variables (P>0.05 for all) were detected. Cytoplasmic localization of β1 integrin was detected in 33 (63.5%) of studied EC cases. Significant statistical difference with grade, depth of invasion (p<0.001 for both), LVI (P=0.001) and LNs metastasis (P=008) were detected. No significant statistical difference with other variables (P>0.05 for all). Nuclear IHC expression of YAP1 was detected in 34(65.4%) of studied EC cases. There was significant statistical difference with grade & depth of invasion (p=0.001 for both), mean tumor size (P=0.033), LVI (p<0.001), LN metastasis (P<0.001) and TNM stage (P=0.007). Conclusion: MMP14, β1-integrin and YAP1 were upregulated in EC and associated with malignant potential. This pattern of expression may represent promising markers for tumor development and progression and may be used as therapeutic targets.
An Addition Theorem for Sets of Elements of Abelian Groups

Let G be a finite Abelian group, A, B sets of elements in G. By AB we denote the set of all elements of the form ab (aGA, bEB), by A1 the complement of A in G, and by (A) the number of elements in A. We shall prove the following theorem. THEOREM. If for the set A and every subgroup H of G (1) (AH)_(A)+(H)-1 or AH=G, then for every set B (2) (AB) _ (A) + (B)-1 or AB =G. For the proof we need the following two theorems proved in [1]. (i) If A, B are sets of elements of a finite group G, then (3) (G) _ (A) + (B) or G = AB. (ii) If G is a finite Abelian group cCG, cdEAB, then there exists a set B*CG such that (1) B*DB9 (2) AB*=cH, where H is a sub-group of G, (3) (AB*) (AB) = (B*) (B). PROOF OF THE THEOREM. By virtue of (ii) it is sufficient to prove the theorem for the case that AB = cH where H is a subgroup of G. Consider then the factor group G/H and let A', B' be the set of cosets of H contained in AH, BH respectively. Then by (i) (4) (G/H) > (A') + (B'). But (G/H) (H) = (G), (B') (H) > (B), and by hypothesis (A') (H) -(AH) > (A) +(H) -1. Multiplying (4) by (H) we therefore get (G) > (A) + (B) + (H) 1 and (AB) = (G) (H) > (A) + (B) 1.
Electrophysiological assessment in patients with COVID-19-related peripheral neuropathies and myopathies: a systematic review

BACKGROUND Neurological manifestations associated with Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) are commonly reported, but patients were not referred to perform the electrophysiological assessment. AIM we aimed to review the existing literature on clinical studies on COVID-19 peripheral neuropathy to correlate patients' symptoms and characteristics with nerve conduction studies/electromyography (NCS/EMG) outcomes. METHODS This protocol is registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/ZF4PK.). The systematic search included PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, for articles published from December 2019 to March 2022. A total of 727 articles were collected, and according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria, only six articles were included. RESULTS Of 195 participants, only 175 underwent NCS/EMG assessment. Of these: 44 participants (25.1%) had abnormal EMG, 54 participants (30.8%) had abnormal motor NCS, and only 7 participants (4%) had abnormal sensory NCS. All cases presented with myopathy, while a limited number of cases presented with polyneuropathy. According to motor NCS and EMG, the most affected nerves were the tibial and peroneal in the lower extremities and the ulnar nerve in the upper extremities. Interestingly, the median nerve was reported to be associated with the severity and the rate of motor recovery of COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION COVID-19 generates a demyelinating motor neuropathy and myopathy. Clinicians are encouraged to refer COVID-19 patients presenting with neurological symptoms to be assessed by electrophysiological methods to objectively determine the nature of their symptoms, follow their prognosis, and plan their rehabilitation.
Microplastics in Widely Used Polypropylene-Made Food Containers

As a potential threat to human health, ingestion of microplastics (MPs) has become of concern. Limited studies have carefully characterized the occurrence of MPs in polypropylene-made takeout food containers (TOFCs), which have been widely used in China. In this study, TOFC samples (n = 210) were collected from seven Chinese cities (Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Xining, Chengdu, Qingdao, and Dalian) and analyzed for MPs. All the TOFC samples contained MPs, with an abundance of 3–43 items/TOFC. The TOFCs from Chengdu (25 items/TOFC) contained the highest mean abundance of MPs, which is significantly (p < 0.01) higher than that from Shanghai (8.7 items/TOFC). Fiber accounted for 66–87% of the total for the shape of the MPs in the TOFCs from the different Chinese cities. Most of the MPs in the TOFCs from the different cities had a size of 201–500 μm and accounted for a mean 34–42% of the total MPs in the TOFCs. The major color type of the MPs in the TOFCs was transparent, accounting for a mean 39 (Qingdao)–73% (Hangzhou) of the total MPs. Polymer compositions of the MPs in the TOFCs were consistently dominated by polypropylene, which represented a mean 56–73% of the total MPs. The estimated daily intake of MPs for the general Chinese population through using TOFCs was in the range of 0.042–0.14 items/kg bw/day. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study investigating the occurrence of MPs in TOFCs from China, which contributes to a better understanding of the sources of human oral exposure to MPs.
Severity of Post-Operative Pain after Instrumentation of Root Canals by XP-Endo and SAF Full Sequences Compared to Manual Instrumentation: A Randomized Clinical Trial

This investigation aimed to examine the post-operative pain experienced following single-visit root canal treatment using the XP-endo shaper sequence (XPS), full-sequence self-adjusting file (SAF), and manual K-files (HKF). A randomized equivalence parallel design, double-blinded clinical study was conducted on 120 patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, with or without clinical signs of apical periodontitis. Only teeth with fully formed roots and no periapical lesions were incorporated in the study. Patients were apportioned to one of three groups (n = 40) randomly: Group 1—XPS, Group 2—SAF, and Group 3—HKF. Pre- and post-instrumentation pain was rated utilizing Visual Analog Scale (VAS) with a spectrum of 0–100 mm. The descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA with 95% confidence intervals were used for statistical analysis. The mean VAS scores before instrumentation were consistent in all three groups. At 6, 24, 48, and 72 h, patients with root canals instrumented by SAF had the lowest post-instrumentation mean VAS score, followed by XPS. For all time intervals, the patients in the HKF group had the highest VAS score. The full-sequence SAF instrumentation resulted in less post-operative pain than the XP-endo plus protocol, while manual instrumentation with K-files resulted in the highest post-operative pain.
In defense of epicycles

As simpler scientific theories are preferable to more convoluted ones, it is plausible to assume (and widely assumed, especially in recent Bayesian models of cognition) that biological learners are also guided by simplicity considerations when acquiring mental representations, and that formal measures of complexity might indicate which learning problems are harder and which ones are easier. However, the history of science suggests that simpler scientific theories are not necessarily more useful if more convoluted ones make calculations easier. Here, I suggest that a similar conclusion applies to mental representations. Using case studies from perception, associative learning and rule learning, I show that formal measures of complexity critically depend on assumptions about the underlying representational and processing primitives and are generally unrelated to what is actually easy to learn and process in humans. An empirically viable notion of complexity thus need to take into consideration the representational and processing primitives that are available to actual learners even if this leads to formally complex explanations.
Class Number Problem for Imaginary Cyclic Number Fields

Abstract LetNbe an imaginary cyclic number field of degree 2n. Whenn=3 orn=2m⩾2, the fieldsNwith class numbers equal to their genus class numbers and the fieldsNwith relative class numbers less than or equal to 4 are completely determined [10, 13, 26, 27]. Now assume thatn⩾5 andnis not a 2-power. In this paper, first we determine all imaginary cyclic number fields of degree 2nwith relative class numbers less than or equal to 4. Second, we determine all imaginary cyclic number fields of degree 2nwith class numbers equal to their genus class numbers.
Maltol-Incorporated Acetylated Cassava Starch Films for Shelf-Life-Extension Packaging of Bakery Products

Maltol is widely used as a flavor enhancer in baked goods and has an antimicrobial function. Maltol can also be incorporated into biopolymer films to produce active biodegradable packaging for bakery products. This research investigated the incorporation of 1–10% maltol into acetylated cassava starch films as functional packaging for shelf-life extension of butter cake. Films were determined for morphology, chemical interaction and packaging properties. Infrared absorption indicated H-bonding between starch and maltol, while plasticization effects decreased mechanical relaxation temperature. Microstructures showed enhanced smoothness at up to 3% maltol, while maltol crystallization occurred at higher concentrations, giving non-homogeneous matrices. Tensile strength and elongation at break reduced by 37% and 34%, respectively, with the addition of maltol up to 10%. Maltol concentration modified the hydrophilicity and molecular mobility of the matrices, impacting water vapor and oxygen permeability. Films incorporated with maltol were used as packaging for preservative-free butter cake and delayed visible mold growth at room temperature. Starch films with maltol at 1–5% delayed fungal growth by up to 2.7–times, while films containing 10% maltol inhibited mold growth by 6–times (up to 19 days of storage). Incorporating maltol into starch films produced bioactive materials, extending shelf-life while maintaining the aroma of bakery products.
Increasing Undergraduate Interest to Learn Geoscience with GPS-based Augmented Reality Field Trips on Student's Own Smartphones

Field trips are a reliable method for attracting students into geoscience, yet for many high-enrollment college introductory courses, field trips are often impractical. Furthermore, introductory courses are often taught with a traditional lecture style that is poor at engaging students. This study examines the impact of augmented reality (AR) field trip exercises on the interest levels of students using readily accessible mobile devices (smartphones and tablets) as a means to provide simulated field trip experiences to a larger number of learners. The results of this study, involving 874 students from five different institutions, show that students who completed three geospatially oriented Grand Canyon field trip game modules were significantly more interested in learning the geosciences than control students and participants who completed only one module. More comprehensively, results from hierarchical linear modeling indicate three strong predictors of student interest in learning the geosciences: (1) the student’s initial interest, (2) being a STEM major, and (3) the number of AR field trip modules students complete. Notably, the race and gender of participants are not factors. Augmented reality field trips for mobile devices have potential to be an accessible and financially viable means to bring field trips to a diversity of students who would otherwise experience none. Results indicate these AR field trips increase student motivation to pursue geoscience learning.
A LARGE POPULATION OF ULTRA-COMPACT DWARFS AND BRIGHT INTRACLUSTER GLOBULARS IN THE FORNAX CLUSTER

All the previously cataloged ultracompact dwarf (UCD) galaxies in the Fornax and Virgo clusters have 17.5 < bJ < 20. Using the 2dF spectrograph on the Anglo-Australian Telescope, we have carried out a search for fainter UCDs in the Fornax Cluster. In the magnitude interval 19.5 < bJ < 21.5, we have found 54 additional compact cluster members within a projected radius of 0. °9 (320 kpc) of the cluster center, all of which meet our selection and observational criteria to be UCDs. These newly identified objects, however, overlap in luminosity and spatial distribution with objects classified as globular clusters (GCs) belonging to the central cluster galaxy NGC 1399; in fact, about half of the objects in our sample are included in recent catalogs of NGC 1399/Fornax GCs. The numbers, luminosity function, and spatial distributions of our compact object sample are consistent with being the bright tail of the Fornax cluster-wide GC population. Yet, our present larger sample of intergalactic compact objects forms a dynamically distinct population from both the NGC1399 GCs and the nucleated dwarf ellipticals in Fornax. This supports the interpretation that the UCDs, which populate the bright tail of the GC luminosity function, are, in some respects, a separate class of objects, at least to the extent that they have experienced a distinct dynamical history and origin, which differs from the bulk of the NGC1399 GCs. Correcting for our spectroscopic incompleteness, we estimate that there are ∼105 ± 13 of these brighter compact cluster objects down to bJ < 21.5 in the central region of the Fornax, and hence these UCDs/globulars outnumber other galaxy types in this space. The differences in their dynamics and distribution compared to dwarf ellipticals (dEs) may be consistent with a threshing or tidal destruction origin, if they have come from a subpopulation of dE galaxies on initial orbits that rendered them susceptible to such processes.
Application of RKP‐FSM in the buckling and free vibration analysis of thin plates with abrupt thickness changes and internal supports

A description is given of the development and use of the Reproducing Kernel Particle Finite Strip Method for the buckling and flexural vibration analysis of plates with intermediate supports and step thickness changes. The generalized 1‐D shape functions of the Reproducing Kernel Particle Method replace the spline functions in the conventional spline finite strip method in the longitudinal direction. The structure of the generalized Reproducing Kernel Particle Method makes it a suitable tool for dealing with derivative‐type essential boundary conditions, and its introduction in the finite strip method is beneficial for solving buckling and vibration problems for thin plates in which a number of the essential boundary conditions can include the first derivatives of the displacement function. Moreover, the modified corrected collocation method is further developed for the buckling and free vibration analysis of plates with abrupt thickness changes. This provides a versatile and powerful analysis capability which facilitates the analysis of problems including plate structures with abrupt thickness changes of its component plates. The application of the proposed technique for the treatment of discontinuities and the enforcement of the internal support conditions are illustrated with a series of numerical examples. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA Repair Mechanisms are Activated in Circulating Lymphocytes of Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients

Purpose Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an important part of the inflammatory response during infection but can also promote DNA damage. Due to the sustained inflammation in severe Covid-19, we hypothesized that hospitalized Covid-19 patients would be characterized by increased levels of oxidative DNA damage and dysregulation of the DNA repair machinery. Patients and Methods Levels of the oxidative DNA lesion 8-oxoG and levels of base excision repair (BER) proteins were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients (8-oxoG, n = 22; BER, n = 17) and healthy controls (n = 10) (Cohort 1). Gene expression related to DNA repair was investigated in two independent cohorts of hospitalized Covid-19 patients (Cohort 1; 15 patents and 5 controls, Cohort 2; 15 patients and 6 controls), and by publicly available datasets. Results Patients and healthy controls showed comparable amounts of oxidative DNA damage as assessed by 8-oxoG while levels of several BER proteins were increased in Covid-19 patients, indicating enhanced DNA repair in acute Covid-19 disease. Furthermore, gene expression analysis demonstrated regulation of genes involved in BER and double strand break repair (DSBR) in PBMC of Covid-19 patients and expression level of several DSBR genes correlated with the degree of respiratory failure. Finally, by re-analyzing publicly available data, we found that the pathway Hallmark DNA repair was significantly more regulated in circulating immune cells during Covid-19 compared to influenza virus infection, bacterial pneumonia or acute respiratory infection due to seasonal coronavirus. Conclusion Although beneficial by protecting against DNA damage, long-term activation of the DNA repair machinery could also contribute to persistent inflammation, potentially through mechanisms such as the induction of cellular senescence. However, further studies that also include measurements of additional markers of DNA damage are required to determine the role and precise molecular mechanisms for DNA repair in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The Roles of Mean Meridional Motions and Large-Scale Eddies in Zonally Averaged Circulations

Abstract A hierarchy of zonally averaged atmospheric models is used to study the role of mean meridional motions and large-scale eddies in determining the zonal climate. Five models are developed: a radiative-convective equilibrium model (no large-scale motion), a zonally uniform model (no longitudinal asymmetries), an energy balance model (parameterized energy transport), a model that combines the physics of the two previous models, and a full statistical-dynamic model (with parameterizations of eddy momentum transport as well as eddy sensible heat transport). In the most complete model, the zonally averaged primitive equations are solved after parameterizing the eddies, friction and the diabatic heating rates. All the models have two layers in the vertical and a latitudinal grid resolution of 5°. For simplicity, we treat a “dry earth” case and calculate annual-average equilibrium states with each of the five models. We find that in the tropics a parameterized energy transport commonly used in energy bal.
I’m Skinny, I’m Worth More: Fashion Models’ Experiences of Aesthetic Labor and Its Impact on Body Image and Eating Behaviors

The fashion industry has been critiqued for promoting ultra-thin bodies, yet the relationship between models’ aesthetic labor and eating disorder (ED) development is unclear. Using interpretive phenomenological analysis, we explored the lived experiences of nine female fashion models including metaphors they used to describe body perceptions and eating behaviors. Four superordinate themes emerged: Shaped for the industry; The body as a market product; Food restriction (“it’s almost glamorized”); Toward a healthier modelhood. Models’ career trajectories were those of lost childhoods, punitive body rules, inadequate dietary advice, and self-regulated food restriction. Models were “shaped” by agents from an early age to conform to the industry’s body rules irrespective of the physiological and psychological consequences. A “toxic” side to this aesthetic industry was depicted; agents were judged callous and money-focused, while idioms like, “feeling like a piece of meat” and “being a hanger of clothes” conveyed a deep sense of degradation and objectification. Ideas instilled at a formative age continued to influence self-image and eating patterns into maturity, pointing to an industrial element to the construction of eating disorders. Our study highlights how infantilization, sexism, and other unethical elements become normalized in poorly regulated industries such as fashion, with dire consequences for the health and wellbeing of employees. Model agencies should recognize the impact of occupational edicts and poor communication on young recruits in a sensitive phase of personality development. Finally, we advocate for more acknowledgment and further investigation into eating disorder construction commercial/industrial side.
Ocean acoustic tomography: Travel time biases

The travel times of acoustic rays traced through a climatological sound‐speed profile are compared with travel times computed through the same profile containing an eddy field. The exact travel time difference is compared with its constituent terms, one of which is linearly related to the deviation of the sound speed (referenced to the climatological profile) and the others which are nonlinearly related to the deviation. At ranges that are much greater than the eddy scale and for eddy fields whose range‐averaged temperature anomaly is small, the numerical results are: (1) the values of the nonlinear terms are insensitive to changes in the positions of the eddies and (2) the nonlinear terms are approximately proportional to the range between the source and receiver and to the square of the eddy anomaly. At a 1084‐km range in the east Atlantic at 24 °N (36 °N) the nonlinear terms can account for 17% (90%) of the exact travel time change where the temperature anomalies associated with the eddies are typicall.