Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lumped- Differential Formulations for Drying in Capillary Porous Media

ABSTRACT Simultaneous heat and mass transfer, during drying of moist capillary porous media, is modeled through different lumped-differential formulations, obtained from spatial integration of the original set of Luikov's equations for temperature and moisture potential. Besides the classical lumped system analysis, improved formulations are proposed, of same mathematicai simplicity, based on approximate evaluations of both temperature and moisture gradients within the medium. The relative merits of such improved zero-dimensional formulations are established, through critical comparisons against analytical solutions for the full partial diflerential system, over a wide range of the governing parameters.
Towards Compact Neural Networks via End-to-End Training: A Bayesian Tensor Approach with Automatic Rank Determination

While post-training model compression can greatly reduce the inference cost of a deep neural network, uncompressed training still consumes a huge amount of hardware resources, run-time and energy. It is highly desirable to directly train a compact neural network from scratch with low memory and low computational cost. Low-rank tensor decomposition is one of the most effective approaches to reduce the memory and computing requirements of large-size neural networks. However, directly training a low-rank tensorized neural network is a very challenging task because it is hard to determine a proper tensor rank {\it a priori}, which controls the model complexity and compression ratio in the training process. This paper presents a novel end-to-end framework for low-rank tensorized training of neural networks. We first develop a flexible Bayesian model that can handle various low-rank tensor formats (e.g., CP, Tucker, tensor train and tensor-train matrix) that compress neural network parameters in training. This model can automatically determine the tensor ranks inside a nonlinear forward model, which is beyond the capability of existing Bayesian tensor methods. We further develop a scalable stochastic variational inference solver to estimate the posterior density of large-scale problems in training. Our work provides the first general-purpose rank-adaptive framework for end-to-end tensorized training. Our numerical results on various neural network architectures show orders-of-magnitude parameter reduction and little accuracy loss (or even better accuracy) in the training process. Specifically, on a very large deep learning recommendation system with over $4.2\times 10^9$ model parameters, our method can reduce the variables to only $1.6\times 10^5$ automatically in the training process (i.e., by $2.6\times 10^4$ times) while achieving almost the same accuracy.
Vanishing Polymorphism of (2E)-2-Cyano-3-[4-(Diethylamino)phenyl]prop-2-enethioamide: X-ray Structural Study and Polymorph Prediction

Synthesis and crystallization of a polar organic compound (2E)-2-cyano-3-[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]prop-2-enethioamide (CDPE) gave two new crystalline polymorphs (1 and 2) and an acetonitrile solvate (pseudopolymorph, 3) of this compound. The third crystalline polymorph of CDPE (4) was described in the literature earlier. It was found that in crystalline polymorphs 1, 2, and 4 molecules adopt three different conformations. Experimental observations show that polymorph 1 is a predominant form of the CDPE compound, while all other crystalline forms we were unable to reproduce under different conditions. Quantum ab initio calculations of relative conformational energies of molecules found in these polymorphs revealed that the conformer in polymorph 1 has significantly lower energy than conformers in polymorphs 2 and 4. This fact explains the predominant formation of polymorph 1 under different experimental conditions. The polarity of CDPE molecules and distinctions in their molecular and crystal structures mak.
The Factors Affecting Competitive Advantages and Their Implementation on The Consumer Loyalty of Transjakarta Transport Service Users

The purpose of this research is to know the interaction between consumer loyalty and competitive advantage. Transjakarta transport service is inseparable from the possibility that consumers will move from one service provider to other service providers for certain reasons. Marketers need to understand the reasons in order to determine the marketing strategy appropriately. The key for a company to stay exist is the company's ability to retain its customers. This study uses Double’s Part Analysis Method, Path Analysis Method and Linear Regression fully equipped with several statistical test, instrumentation analysis although the calculation are using largely the form of estimation functional’s model. The respondents as many as 240 Transjakarta service users, sampling method in this research uses non probability sampling technique, such as by purposive sampling. The variables studied are service quality, ticket price, customer satisfaction, consumer loyalty, and competitive advantage. Hopefully, the use of the functional model of Competitive Advantage, optimally and maximally, will be more reliable than the use of the classic functional model of consumer loyalty. The producer or service provider of Transjakarta transport service can use this double part analysis method as a means of achieving the company’s financial objectives as well as obtaining the success exceeding the competitors’ ability. The benefit of this study is that Transjakarta can maintain and enhance the long-term occupancy rate of its users.
Effects of phosphite, a reduced form of phosphate, on the growth and phosphorus nutrition of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

Abstract Phosphite (Phi) may potentially supply phosphorus (P) nutrition to plants and is widely marketed as a super P fertilizer for many crops. This study investigated the effects of Phi on growth and P nutrition in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). High-rate foliar application experiments designed to evaluate the phytotoxicity and P nutritional potential of different Phi formulations by foliar application at two rates (0.15 and 0.3% P2O5) showed that all Phi formulations did not improve plant growth under different available P-soils, but rather significantly decreased shoot dry weight (DW) at the higher rate. In two other soil and hydroponic experiments, Phi was foliar applied at a low rate (0.05% P2O5) and root P treatments were combinations of Phi and phosphate (Pi) at different Pi : Phi ratios for a high P level (the soil experiment) or a low P level (the hydroponic experiment). In both experiments, shoot DW decreased markedly as the Pi : Phi ratios decreased from 100:0 to 0:100 and Phi foliar application did not improve plant growth. In the soil experiment, plants grew poorest at 0:100, but grew well when both Phi and Pi were applied at a high rate of 115 mg P pot−1, indicating that at this level Phi had a negative effect on only severely P-deficient plants. Root growth of no Pi-fertilized plants was strongly inhibited by Phi from either root or foliar application. In both experiments, P concentration drastically decreased with decreasing Pi : Phi ratios from 100:0 to 0:100, but increased substantially with foliar application of Phi compared with Pi, suggesting that Phi was absorbed poorly by the roots, but was well absorbed by the leaves compared to Pi. We conclude that Phi cannot be used as a P fertilizer for spinach via either root or foliar applications at low or high levels, and also that Phi has no beneficial effect on the growth of spinach. As Phi is now widely marketed as a P fertilizer for many crops, care should be taken in selecting Phi as a P fertilizer for a given crop.
Health and Optimal Taxation

This paper studies the effects of health on optimal taxation of labour income, capital income and health care spending using a general equilibrium overlapping generations model, where health affects the level of utility, the probability of survival and labour productivity. Our analytical results suggest that health affects optimal taxation via three channels. First, since health is a stock that naturally deteriorates over time, the optimal level of taxation of medical spending is not constant over the life-cycle. Secondly, the productivity-enhancing aspect of health affects labour supply decisions over the life-cycle, where it is optimal for the government to use age-dependent labour income taxes to minimize distortions in the labour market. If the government cannot condition health care spending and labour income taxes on age, then a non-zero capital income tax can be implemented to achieve the optimal allocation. Finally, endogenous longevity affects the level of optimal taxation even in the case the government is not restricted in using uniform tax rate across cohorts in contrast to the results in the literature (Garriga, 2001; Peterman, 2013). Furthermore, we study the effects of endogenous longevity and the ageing of the population on the optimal financing of increasing burdensome social security and health care systems. Our results suggest the optimal capital income tax is optimal to adjust to changes in longevity, even if the ageing of the population is fiscally neutral. JEL-Classification:E21, H31, H51, I00
Photodissociation of CaOH+ for Regeneration of Ca+ in Linear Paul Trap

The photodissociation of trapped CaOH+ produced by Ca+*(3d 2DJ)+H2O reaction was performed in order to regenerate Ca+ in a linear Paul trap. Most Ca+ ions were successfully regenerated from molecular ions by deep UV light irradiation. The photon energy threshold in the CaOH++hν→Ca++OH reaction was estimated to be ∼4.9 eV. The dissociation energies of XH+→X++H and XOH+→X++OH (X=Be, Mg, Ca) were calculated using standard quantum chemistry codes to search for the possibility of regenerating light alkaline earth ions from molecular ions. The present experiment suggests that the photodissociation method is applicable to the regeneration of alkaline earth ions lost by chemical reactions with typical residual molecules in an ion trap experiment.
Effect of polymorphic transformation during the extrusion-granulation process on the pharmaceutical properties of carbamazepine granules

The effects of a solvent system on the pharmaceutical properties of carbamazepine (CBZ) granules containing a polymorphic form of bulk powder were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis, thermal analysis, mercury porosimetry and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurement. A powder mixture consisting of 20% CBZ form I, as a bulk powder, 56% crystalline α-lactose monohydrate and 24% corn starch was used as a pharmaceutical powder, with the three kinds of binder solutions (distilled water, 50% aqueous ethanol and ethanol) containing 5% hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC). After kneading with a binder solution, the granules were obtained using an extruding granulator. The X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results of the granules indicated that form I with 50% ethanol solution transformed into a dihydrate form during extruding granulation, but this did not occur with the distilled water or ethanol solutions. The order of hardness and specific surface area (Sw) of the granules was distilled water>50% ethanol>ethanol and 50% ethanol>ethanol>distilled water. The stress-thickness profiles of the tabletting compression processes of CBZ granules obtained using various binder solution systems were measured, and the initial compression process due to particle rearrangement was affected by the characteristics in the granules. The total pore volume of tablets obtained from 50% ethanol was the lowest, and their order was ethanol>distilled water>50% ethanol. Their order of tablet hardness reflected the total pore volume of the tablet, and was 50% ethanol>distilled water>ethanol. All pharmaceutical properties of the granules and/or tablets containing CBZ were affected by the characteristics of the solvent systems in binder solution.
Temperature Dependence of Physical–Chemical Properties of Selected Chemicals of Environmental Interest. I. Mononuclear and Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Physical–chemical property data, which control air–water partitioning, namely vapor pressure, aqueous solubility and Henry’s law constant over the environmentally relevant temperature range of 5–50 °C, are compiled and reviewed for the mononuclear aromatic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Corresponding enthalpies of phase transition are also reported. As result of a critical review, selected values are given at 25 °C, and where possible equations expressing the temperature dependence are given. Twenty-one aromatic hydrocarbons are studied, with approximately 300 references.
Spillover Duration of Stock Returns and Systemic Risk∗

Common systemic risk measures focus on the instantaneous occurrence of triggering and systemic events. However, in this article we show that the distress of a systemically important institution may impact a market also after several days. This time-lagged dependence motivates our measure of systemic risk, the Conditional Shortfall Probability (CoSP), which is related to other common systemic risk measures, but is substantially more reliable. While other systemic risk measures are largely driven by systematic risk, we strengthen the directionality of systemic risk by considering an institution as systemically risk only if its distress has a significant as well as persistent negative effect on the market. Our empirical results suggest, that the financial market is exposed to the systemic risk of systemically important banks on an average of 28 days, while systemically important brokers have a significantly longer and systemically important insurers a significantly shorter impact. Moreover, we show that brokers trigger the largest systemic risk but are exposed to the smallest, while insurers and the American real industry are exposed to the largest systemic risk.
On twinning and microstructures in calcite and dolomite

Abstract Apparent superlattice reflections obtained in electron diffraction patterns of modulated calcite and dolomite have been ascribed to local domains of various different metastable Ca-Mg ordering schemes that are not known as macroscopic phases. We show that the type “c” reflections in diffraction patterns of supposed superstructures can in fact be produced by superposition of diffraction from the host crystal and that from domains that are in an orientation related to the host by twinning on (104). From details of the additional reflections present, we deduce that the carbonate anions are orientationally disordered in the twin nanodomains, which have the R3̅m space group of high-temperature disordered calcite. This twinning can explain the diffraction ascribed to type “γ”/”μ”/”ν” superstructures, and resolves controversies over the occurrence of these purportedly different superstructures. The relationships between composition, orientational order of the carbonates, molar volume and known macroscopic structures, and the possibility of interfacial strain reduction by static disorder in the twin domain, are discussed. We stress the importance of checking for presence of twinned nanodomains using microdiffraction before attributing an apparent superstructure modulation to local cation ordering. High-resolution imaging may not be diagnostic, since overlap of small domains and host matrix can give Moiré patterns that resemble superlattice fringes.
Evaluation of soil amendments in perennial ryegrass pastures associated with white and red clover in small-scale milk production systems

Objective: Evaluate the effect of agricultural lime and dolomite in a perennial ryegrass cv. Tetragrain pasture associated with white clover cv. Ladino and red clover cv. Kenland. Methodology: Three soil amendment treatments were established in a perennial ryegrass pasture with white and red clover using a split-plot experiment design. The treatments were: T1control (without soil amendment), T2agricultural lime, and T3dolomite. The evaluated variables were pasture height, herbaceous mass (HM), dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP), in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM), and metabolizable energy (ME). Results: Significant differences (P0.05) were observed for experimental periods in pasture height, DM, CP, ADF, OM, IVDDM, and ME. For treatments, there were significant differences (P0.05) in pasture height, DM, CP, and OM. The interaction between experimental periods (P) and treatments (T) was not significant for any variable (P0.05). Regarding the soil chemical composition results, we observed a decrease in pH at the end of the experiment; however, there was an increase in Ca, Mg, and total N, and a decrease in Al. Limitations/implications: Given the low impact of the treatments in most of the evaluated variables, it is necessary to expand the study to different doses, type of soil amendments, and handling conditions to control the impact of the producers’ practices in pastures. Conclusions: The use of soil amendments did not increase pH, DM production, NDF and ADF content, IVDDM, or ME, but increased the content of CP and the evaluated minerals, and decreased Al.
SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE IN MALAYSIA

Sustainability reporting has emerged as a common practice in 21st century businesses. It is a platform to balance performance of a business in economic, social, environmental dimensions. Sustainability reporting is the key drive of financial performance. The main issue is to examine the level of sustainability reporting in improving firm performance among public listed firms in Malaysia. Even though sustainability reporting has been introduced earlier but the implementation is still not constant among the firms. Thus, this study also investigates the relationship between sustainability reporting and firm performance. The sample of study consist of 100 firms which were selected based on top companies with good disclosure for the year 2016 and using return on asset, return on equity, earnings per share and dividend per share in measuring the firm performance. In summary of the findings, the regression result suggests that sustainability reporting has a positive relationship with firm performance when using return on asset and earnings per share.
Von Mises Stress in Chemical‐Mechanical Polishing Processes

In this paper we (i) describe a model for the stress distribution across a wafer during chemical-mechanical polishing, which is solved using I-DEAS (a commercial software package) and (ii) summarize the predicted effects of carrier film and pad compressibility on polishing nonuniformity. Results indicate that (i) the Von Mises stress correlates with polishing nonuniformity, while the normal stress does not correlate with the nonuniformity and (ii) CMP uniformity improves with decreasing polishing pad and carrier film compressibility.
Nuclear and electron dynamics in the photodissociation of water

The photodissociation of water in its first absorption band is studied by photolyzing H2O at 157 nm with an excimer laser. This dissociation proceeds directly to produce the electronic ground states of H and OH. Both nascent internal state distributions and alignment of the product OH (2Π) are probed by laser induced fluorescence. This is done with both warm (300 K) and cold (∼10 K) water. About 88% of the excess energy is translation, 10% vibration, about 2% rotation. The first three vibrational levels 0, 1, 2 have population ratios 1:1:0.15, respectively. The rotational distributions depend strongly upon the H2O temperature and are very different for the upper and lower energy components of the Λ doublets, which are measured via Q and P, R lines, respectively. For Q lines, the distributions can be described by rotational temperatures which are 930 K for warm and 475 K for cold water, a surprising difference. For P,R lines strong deviations from Boltzmann behavior are found for cold H2O. The spin distrib.
Image to Latex

Converting images of mathematical formulas to L A TEX code is a problem that combines challenges both from computer vision and natural language processing, close to the recent breakthroughs in image captioning. Such a system would be very useful for people using L A TEX in their every-day life such as students or researchers. We addressed this task with a dual setting encoder-decoder, combined with an attention mechanism. This model is trained on a 100 , 000 L A TEX formulas scraped from ArXiv. We evaluate our model against several metrics, both at the code level (perplexity, exact match, BLEU score .) and at the image level (Lev-enshtein distance, exact match) by compiling the predicted code to generate new formulas and comparing them to the ground truth. We achieve very good performance with a BLEU score of 78% and an image edit-distance of 62% .
Heterogeneity in Consumer Sensory Evaluation as a Base for Identifying Drivers of Product Choice

In this paper we propose a multiattribute choice modeling approach to explore the heterogeneity in the saliency of product attributes in the process of a product choice that is based on sensory evaluations. We demonstrate this idea by using data about consumers’ red wine evaluation. Such an approach enables managers to add knowledge about consumers' needs and wants beyond traditional art and the experience of wine makers into the process of designing a product. We utilized a choice model that enables us to identify such attributes and, simultaneously, to estimate the choice probabilities for each different wine. Our results, based on four different red wines, indicate that based on their sensory evaluation, consumers tend to utilize several wine attributes in their choice process. The saliency of these attributes varies in different consumer segments such as gender and frequency of wine drinking.
The Effect of Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use and Level of Trust in Interest in Using Kuta Mimba Mobile

The technology of using kuta mimba mobile is a way to facilitate members of Kuta Mimba cooperatives in making payment transactions and transfers between cooperative accounts. The purpose of this study aims to empirically examine the interests of members of the Kuta Mimba Cooperative in using kuta mimba mobile. This research was conducted at the Kuta Mimba Cooperative in the Kuta and Legian Branch Offices. The population in this study was 253 respondents. The number of respondents analyzed was 155 people, using a purposive sampling method. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis test. Based on the results of the analysis shows that the perceived of usefulness, perceived of ease of use and level of trust have a positive effect on the interest in using kuta mimba mobile.
Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Plant health, Plant protection products and their Residues on a request from the Commission related to the evaluation of alachlor in the context of Council Directive 91/414/EEC1

The Scientific Panel on Plant health, Plant protection products and their Residues (PPR) concludes that the strength of the evidence suggests that a mode of action other than genotoxicity is involved in the occurrence of nasal turbinate tumours observed in the rat carcinogenicity studies. While the mode of action could be relevant to humans, it is extremely unlikely that concentrations of the active metabolite would be achieved to initiate the chain of events terminating in cancer.