Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Keypoint Detection for Injury Identification during Turkey Husbandry Using Neural Networks

Injurious pecking against conspecifics is a serious problem in turkey husbandry. Bloody injuries act as a trigger mechanism to induce further pecking, and timely detection and intervention can prevent massive animal welfare impairments and costly losses. Thus, the overarching aim is to develop a camera-based system to monitor the flock and detect injuries using neural networks. In a preliminary study, images of turkeys were annotated by labelling potential injuries. These were used to train a network for injury detection. Here, we applied a keypoint detection model to provide more information on animal position and indicate injury location. Therefore, seven turkey keypoints were defined, and 244 images (showing 7660 birds) were manually annotated. Two state-of-the-art approaches for pose estimation were adjusted, and their results were compared. Subsequently, a better keypoint detection model (HRNet-W48) was combined with the segmentation model for injury detection. For example, individual injuries were classified using “near tail” or “near head” labels. Summarizing, the keypoint detection showed good results and could clearly differentiate between individual animals even in crowded situations.
Climate Indices-Based Analysis of Rainfall Spatiotemporal Variability in Pernambuco State, Brazil

In Brazil, the Northeast region, particularly the state of Pernambuco, is prone to extreme hydrological events, especially episodes of heavy rain and long periods of drought. This study examined the spatiotemporal variability of rainfall in Pernambuco and the occurrence of extreme rainfall events. In this study, the following climate indices were used in daily rainfall data from the historical series from 1990 to 2020: (a) the Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI), (b) the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), (c) the Precipitation Concentration Degree (PCD), (d) the Precipitation Concentration Period (PCP), and (e) the Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI), and the non-parametric Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope tests, for the analysis of trends in the series of precipitation and the studied climate indices. The results obtained indicated that the east of the state presents more distributed precipitation throughout the year, being “moderately seasonal” in the mesoregions Metropolitana do Recife and Zona da Mata; “seasonal” in the Agreste Pernambucano mesoregion; and “strongly seasonal” in the Sertão Pernambucano and Sertão do São Francisco mesoregions. The SPI found that the most severe and extreme droughts occurred in almost all mesoregions during the 1990s, except in the Sertão do São Francisco mesoregion, where they were predominant in the 2010s. Furthermore, based on the RAI index, it was possible to have a greater occurrence of negative anomalies than positive anomalies, especially in the last decade (2010–2020), indicating a possible change in rainfall patterns. However, more in-depth research is required to determine the possible causes of this increased number of negative anomalies. Finally, the trend analysis indicated that only the SPI-12 presented trends in the Metropolitana do Recife, Agreste, and Sertão Pernambucano mesoregions. However, Sen’s slope test indicated that the magnitude of these trends is not significant.
Spontaneous Remission of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report

Spontaneous remissions (SRs) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are infrequent, poorly documented and transient. Similarly, morphological and cytogenetic complete remissions (CR) under azacitidine treatment are scarce. We report a 71-year-old man with a secondary AML arising from essential thrombocythemia (ET), who developed an SR after discontinuation of azacitidine following a respiratory infection (four courses were administered). The distinctive feature of our case is the depth of the achieved CR, documented by next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. We also detected persistence of molecular lesions that might already have been present in the previous ET clone. Our patient relapsed 5 months after achieving CR. We conclude that our patient showed a spontaneous remission of his AML rather than an exquisite response to azacitidine. We hypothesize that the concurrent respiratory infection, or any other unknown trigger, might have activated his immune system forcing the leukemic stem cell to enter a quiescent state through a yet unexplained mechanism.
An Unsupervised Monocular Visual Odometry Based on Multi-Scale Modeling

Unsupervised deep learning methods have shown great success in jointly estimating camera pose and depth from monocular videos. However, previous methods mostly ignore the importance of multi-scale information, which is crucial for pose estimation and depth estimation, especially when the motion pattern is changed. This article proposes an unsupervised framework for monocular visual odometry (VO) that can model multi-scale information. The proposed method utilizes densely linked atrous convolutions to increase the receptive field size without losing image information, and adopts a non-local self-attention mechanism to effectively model the long-range dependency. Both of them can model objects of different scales in the image, thereby improving the accuracy of VO, especially in rotating scenes. Extensive experiments on the KITTI dataset have shown that our approach is competitive with other state-of-the-art unsupervised learning-based monocular methods and is comparable to supervised or model-based methods. In particular, we have achieved state-of-the-art results on rotation estimation.
Analysis of Computer Network Technology on New Media Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Teaching Method

Today’s skill development can support modern technologies to understand in a simple manner. The teaching methods with problem-based learning (PBL) have improved exploration of collaborative inquiry. The deep understanding of concepts is possible with computer network technology through critical analysis. The reasoning, decision, and defending concepts are solving unfamiliar directions of teaching methods. The computer network technologies are making PBL efficient with teaching method. The 3 factors like learning goals, projecting elements, and teaching practices are maintained by computer network technology. This study solely uses students from one major as the experimental subjects, ignoring the fact that students from other majors have diverse logical thinking styles. As a result, the author will raise the sample size and kind of study items in the next research project. Structuralism is a scientifically educational paradigm that, with its particular vision of information, learning, and students, has become the theoretical foundation of teaching and has offered theoretical direction for many instructors’ instruction. MBPBL learning paradigm outperforms standard PBL and its N-Gain score is obtained as N- Gain > 70 , 30 ≤ g ≤ 70 , and N- Gain < 30 . Training and teaching methods must also be updated on a regular basis. As an emerging technology in the realm of education, virtual reality (VR) technology may assist instructors in implementing immersion instruction. The virtual environment provided by virtual reality technology transcends time and place, allowing students to master new skills in a new “real” setting.
Sexual-specific disgust sensitivity mechanisms in homonegativity and transnegativity; the mediating role of right-wing authoritarianism (RWA)

ABSTRACT Disgust specific to sexual stimuli has been thought to be an adaptation that serves purposes of pathogen-avoidance, partner selection and social dominance. While the link between disgust responses and homonegative and transnegative attitudes has been relatively established, it is not yet clear why. Literature using evolutionary psychology perspectives of these phenomena is scarce in areas with substantial LGBT-related violence like Colombia. This research aimed to study the interplay of predispositional (e.g. sociodemographic, reported contact), affective (e.g. disgust sensitivity) and cognitive (e.g. Right-Wing Authoritarian) variables in homonegative and transnegative attitudes of Colombian adults. Participants (N = 272) had a mean age of 26.38 (SD = 9.47), women comprised 72% of the sample and men 28%. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that increased sexual specific disgust sensitivity and greater RWA predicted stronger homonegativity and transnegativity. The relationship between sexual disgust and prejudice was partially mediated by RWA. Findings suggest that sexual disgust sensitivity adaptations in homonegativity and transnegativity may respond to selection pressures that differ from pathogen-avoidance perspectives, and that are associated with maintaining social hierarchy and social dominance. Anti-prejudice initiatives would benefit from targeting emotional responses of sexual disgust, especially within communities and institutions that have historically endorsed conservative and traditional values.
Social support, social identification, mental wellbeing, and psychological distress in doctoral students: A person-centred analysis

ABSTRACT This study extends the doctoral education literature by examining how social support and social identification, as they apply to peers, supervisors, and the academic community, are related to mental wellbeing and psychological distress in doctoral students by using person-centred analysis to create social profiles. Doctoral students (N = 200) completed a cross-sectional survey including measures of perceived support, received support, social identification, mental wellbeing, and psychological distress. Adopting a person-centred analysis approach, we identified six distinct social profiles for mental wellbeing, and four social profiles for psychological distress. Further between-profile analysis indicated that the ‘high support-identification’ profile was associated with higher levels of mental wellbeing and lowest levels of psychological distress. In comparison, the ‘low support-identification’ profile reported significantly lower mental wellbeing and significantly higher psychological distress. Taken together, the findings demonstrate the value of person-centred analysis and offers new insights into the nuances of relationships between social support, social identification, mental wellbeing, and psychological distress in doctoral students. The theoretical and practical implications arising from this research are discussed.
A conceptual review of the literature on brand personality

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of the systematization of the concept of brand personality by exploring examples of its main research via a review of the literature. We conceptually analyze the brand personality construct and review the extant findings regarding it using the antecedents, consequences and moderators identified by Eisend & Stokburger-Sauer (2013) as our methodological framework.Throughout this work, we provide a series of proposals that pose questions that merit review and exploration. Additionally, we identify some antecedents that point to emerging areas of research, and we posit that these will receive important development in the near future.Recently, the concept of brand personality has become increasingly important via greater theoretical and practical development. This situation constitutes a natural response to the social and technological trends that are taking consumer relationships to a new level. Accordingly, our findings underscore the elements that comprise a favorable context for generating brand personality and highlight its consequences and its impacts.
Determinants of Export Intensity among Small and Medium-sized firms: An empirical study based on the heterogeneity of their resources

The purpose of this study is to examine plausible determinants of the firms’ Export Intensity from the perspective of the heterogeneity of its resources. We developed and tested empirically a research model by applying structural equation modeling techniques to a sample of 133 exporting SMEs. The findings suggest that the Export Intensity exhibited by firms appears to lie in its degree of managerial export commitment along with the intense use of cross-national-border partners. A firm’s resource availability to deal with foreign markets impacts Export Intensity indirectly. Export commitment seems to play a mediating role between a firm’s resourceavailability and the export intensity.
Preference of carbon absorption determines the competitive ability of algae along atmospheric CO2 concentration

Abstract Although many studies have focused on the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on algal growth, few of them have demonstrated how CO2 interacts with carbon absorption capacity to determine the algal competition at the population level. We conducted a pairwise competition experiment of Phormidium sp. , Scenedesmus quadricauda, Chlorella vulgaris and Synedra ulna. The results showed that when the CO2 concentration increased from 400 to 760 ppm, the competitiveness of S. quadricauda increased, the competitiveness of Phormidium sp. and C. vulgaris decreased, and the competitiveness of S. ulna was always the lowest. We constructed a model to explore whether interspecific differences in affinity and flux rate for CO2 and HCO3 − could explain changes in competitiveness between algae species along the gradient of atmospheric CO2 concentration. Affinity and flux rates are the capture capacity and transport capacity of substrate respectively, and are inversely proportional to each other. The simulation results showed that, when the atmospheric CO2 concentration was low, species with high affinity for both CO2 and HCO3 − (HCHH) had the highest competitiveness, followed by the species with high affinity for CO2 and low affinity for HCO3 − (HCLH), the species with low affinity for CO2 and high affinity for HCO3 − (LCHH) and the species with low affinity for both CO2 and HCO3 − (LCLH); when the CO2 concentration was high, the species were ranked according to the competitive ability: LCHH > LCLH > HCHH > HCLH. Thus, low resource concentration is beneficial to the growth and reproduction of algae with high affinity. With the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration, the competitive advantage changed from HCHH species to LCHH species. These results indicate the important species types contributing to water bloom under the background of increasing global atmospheric CO2, highlighting the importance of carbon absorption characteristics in understanding, predicting and regulating population dynamics and community composition of algae.
The Influence of Cu Microstructure on Thermal Budget in Hybrid Bonding

Advanced package modules built with a hybrid bonding technology offer enhanced thermal performance, reliability, and scalability with the Cu-Cu interconnect. Direct Bond Interconnect (DBI®) Ultra technology is a die-to-wafer (D2W) or die-to-die (D2D) high volume manufacturing compatible process that offers handling die on tape, assembly at room temperature, and low temperature interconnect formation. Heterogeneous integration of sensors and processors manufactured at various technology nodes can be assembled to meet the requirement of the die with the lowest thermal budget in the module and obtain reliable, high performance all Cu-Cu interconnects.In this paper, we examine the influence of the Cu microstructure on the thermal budget required to obtain strong metallurgical CuCu bonds. Single die (8mmx12mm) stacks are bonded to a 300mm host wafer using the DBI Ultra process. The test structure includes ~35,000 Cu interconnects with a direct bond pad diameter of 10 um on a pitch of 40 um. The bonding pad microstructures included standard BEOL copper (STD), nano-twinned (NT) copper and fine-grain (FG) copper in this study. The three microstructures were obtained by engineering the electrodeposition process. The microstructure of each Cu type was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The die and host wafers were prepared carefully with chemical mechanical polishing to ensure that each Cu type and mating pad had the same topography. The bonding quality was characterized with C-mode scanning acoustic microscopy (CSAM) and cross-section SEM and EBSD.The samples were subjected to final anneal temperatures ranging from 150-270°C and varying annealing times. Strong metallurgical bonds were formed at temperatures as low as 180°C. Electrical resistance measurements of the full daisy chain and cross-sectional analyses were used to extrapolate the propensity for Cu-Cu interdiffusion and the quality of the final Cu-Cu interface. Results suggest that the microstructural differences can create a 20-40 degree reduction in the final anneal temperature. These studies indicate that microstructural engineering of the Cu pad may provide a path for further thermal budget reduction in electronic device assembly.
Phenolic Characterization Using cLC-DAD Analysis and Evaluation of In Vitro and In Vivo Pharmacological Activities of Ruta tuberculata Forssk

The perennial aromatic plant Ruta tuberculata Forssk (Rutaceae) has been traditionally used by Mediterranean peoples as folk medicine against several types of disease to treat diverse illness. The objective of this work is to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities of the aqueous (RAE) and methanolic (MeOH) 80% (RME) extracts of Algerian R. tuberculata aerial parts. Antioxidant potential, neuro-protective and anti-arthritic activities were investigated in vitro using six antioxidant approaches and by determining acetyl-cholinesterase and bovine albumin denaturation inhibitory capacities, respectively. Furthermore, in vivo anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated on EtOH-induced gastric mucosal damage and carrageenan-induced paw edema models in mice. Moreover, bio-compounds’ contents were also quantified using spectrophotometric and cLC-DAD methods. Both in vivo and in vitro investigations showed remarkable antioxidant activity of Ruta tuberculata Forssk, while methanolic extract (RME) of Ruta tuberculata Forssk exhibited more significant neuro-protective and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the antiulcer activity was more pronounced with RAE of R. tuberculata, which suggests that this plant can be considered as a natural resource of potent bioactive compounds that may act as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents, which underlines the importance of incorporating them in therapies in order to treat various diseases linked to oxidative stress, and they may also provide crucial data for the development of new anticholinesterase drugs to improve neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s.
The COVID‐19 pandemic and health literacy skills as part of adult and continuing education: Perspectives from Turkey

With the COVID–19 pandemic, adult learning and education has turned toward the field of health. Group behavior is as effective as individual attitudes and skills in coping with the pandemic and slowing the spread of the disease. In this process, adults’ health literacy skills are vital in their strategies to cope with the pandemic. This paper is aimed to examine the learning needs of adults that have emerged with the pandemic from the perspective of Turkey. The COVID–19 pandemic demonstrates the key role of education as part of lifelong learning, in the context of adult health literacy skills and managing disaster processes.
Co-Occurrence of Francisella, Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia, and Midichloria in Avian-Associated Hyalomma rufipes

The migratory behavior of wild birds contributes to the geographical spread of ticks and their microorganisms. In this study, we aimed to investigate the dispersal and co-occurrence of Francisella and spotted fever group Rickettsia (SFGR) in ticks infesting birds migrating northward in the African-Western Palaearctic region (AWPR). Birds were trapped with mist nests across the Mediterranean basin during the 2014 and 2015 spring migration. In total, 575 ticks were collected from 244 birds. We screened the ticks for the species Francisella tularensis, the genus Francisella, and SFGR by microfluidic real-time PCR. Confirmatory analyses and metagenomic sequencing were performed on tick samples that putatively tested positive for F. tularensis during initial screenings. Hyalomma rufipes was the most common tick species and had a high prevalence of Francisella, including co-occurrence of Francisella and SFGR. Metagenomic analysis of total DNA extracted from two H. rufipes confirmed the presence of Francisella, Rickettsia, and Midichloria. Average nucleotide identity and phylogenetic inference indicated the highest identity of the metagenome-assembled genomes to a Francisella-like endosymbiont (FLE), Rickettsia aeschlimannii, and Midichloria mitochondrii. The results of this study suggest that (i) FLE- and SFGR-containing ticks are dispersed by northbound migratory birds in the AWPR, (ii) H. rufipes likely is not involved in transmission of F. tularensis in the AWPR, and (iii) a dual endosymbiosis of FLEs and Midichloria may support some of the nutritional requirements of H. rufipes.
Effect of Carotenoids on Paraoxonase-1 Activity and Gene Expression

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme attached to HDL with an anti-atherogenic potential. It protects LDL and HDL from lipid peroxidation. The enzyme is sensitive to various modulating factors, such as genetic polymorphisms as well as pharmacological, dietary (including carotenoids), and lifestyle interventions. Carotenoids are nutritional pigments with antioxidant activity. The aim of this review was to gather evidence on their effect on the modulation of PON1 activity and gene expression. Carotenoids administered as naturally occurring nutritional mixtures may present a synergistic beneficial effect on PON1 status. The effect of carotenoids on the enzyme depends on age, ethnicity, gender, diet, and PON1 genetic variation. Carotenoids, especially astaxanthin, β-carotene, and lycopene, increase PON1 activity. This effect may be explained by their ability to quench singlet oxygen and scavenge free radicals. β-carotene and lycopene were additionally shown to upregulate PON1 gene expression. The putative mechanisms of such regulation involve PON1 CpG-rich region methylation, Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKKII) pathway induction, and upregulation via steroid regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2). More detailed and extensive research on the mechanisms of PON1 modulation by carotenoids may lead to the development of new targeted therapies for cardiovascular diseases.
Diabetes, Hypertension, Atrial Fibrillation and Subsequent Stroke-Shift towards Young Ages in Brunei Darussalam

Southeast Asia harbors a young population of more than 600 million people. Socioeconomic transition within the last decades, driven by globalization and rapid economic growth, has led to significant changes in lifestyle and nutrition in many countries of this region. Hence, an increase in the number of non-communicable diseases is seen in most populations of Southeast Asia. Brunei Darussalam is the smallest country in this region, with a population of around 400,000 inhabitants. Vast hydrocarbon resources have transformed Brunei into a wealthy industrialized country within the last few decades. We compared the age distribution and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in ischemic stroke patients between the only stroke unit in Brunei Darussalam and a tertiary stroke center from Frankfurt/Germany. Between 2011 and 2016, a total number of 3877 ischemic stroke patients were treated in both institutions. Even after adjusting for age due to different population demographics, stroke patients in Brunei were younger compared to their German counterparts. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus was significantly higher in young age groups in Brunei, whereas no difference was observed for older patients. The rapid socioeconomic transition might be a significant risk factor for the development of non-communicable diseases, including stroke.