Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Winter rye cover crop biomass, nutrient uptake, and quality in response to fall and spring N fertilization

Abstract Growers in Illinois often apply manure or add starter fertilizers that contain nitrogen (n) in the fall to save time for other farming operations in the spring. Fall manured fields sometimes receive a starter n in spring as part of the operation. We hypothesized that winter rye (Secale cereale) (wr) cover crop could capture the applied n which in turn changes wr dry matter (dm) biomass, nutrient uptake, and c accumulation capacity, and wr quality (ash, lignin, and c concentrations along with c:n, and lignin:n ratios). Two separate trials with randomized complete block design at two separate locations in Southern Illinois were conducted in 2020 and 2021. Trial one had two rates of fall-applied n (0 vs. 56 kg n ha−1), and trial two had initial fall manure to all plots plus four rates of n fertilizer in spring (0, 23, 47, and 71 kg ha−1). Results for trial one indicated that fall n fertilization had no effect on wr biomass, nutrient uptake, and quality parameters due to loss of applied n in the fall. Spring n application did not affect wr dm biomass but linearly increased n, phosphorus (p), and potassium (k) concentrations, their uptake, c concentration, and decreased c:n and lignin:n ratios. We concluded that spring n fertilization could facilitate n decomposition of wr by decreasing its c:n and lignin:n ratio and help increasing the wr nutrient uptake capacity, but fall n application should be avoided to prevent n loss to the environment and decrease the cost of operation.
Indigenous Plant-Based Alternatives for Treating Cattle Skin Ailments: A Case Study from the Mnisi Tribal Authority of Mpumalanga Province, South Africa

The study was carried out in the Mnisi Tribal Authority, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa, between August and October 2021. Ethno-veterinary data were collected using pre-structured questionnaires and field observations with cattle owners. The data were analyzed and summarized using descriptive statistics. Frequently mentioned plants belonged to the families Vitaceae (Cissus quandrangularis), Euphorbiaceae (Synadenium cupulare), Fabaceae (Dichrostachys cinerea), Solanaceae (Nicotiana batacum), Euphorbiacae (Jatropha zayheri), and Apocynaceae (Sarcostemma viminate). Antimicrobial susceptibility assays with ampicillin as positive control were carried out on extracts of Synadenium cupulare (aerial parts and leaves), Dichrostachys cinerea (seeds/ fruits), and Cissus quadrangularis (aerial parts and leaves). Aqueous extracts of S.cupulare (L) were the most effective against E. faecalis with the lowest MIC of 0.73 mg/ml, followed by aqueous extracts of Dichrostachys cinerea with an MIC of 1.36. Open wounds were the most common ailment (35%), followed by abscesses (23%) and abrasions (17%). Documenting Indigenous knowledge can be a basis for the development of sustainably used medicinal plants in the area and the validation of these plant preparations for veterinary use since the low cost of these preparations makes them useful for local communities.
Detection of the 205 μm [N II] Line from the Carina Nebula

We report the first detection of the 205 μm 3P1 P0 [N II] line from a ground-based observatory using a direct detection spectrometer. The line was detected from the Carina star formation region using the South Pole Imaging Fabry-Perot Interferometer (SPIFI) on the Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory (AST/RO) at the South Pole. The [N II] 205 μm line strength indicates a low-density (n ~ 32 cm-3) ionized medium, similar to the low-density ionized halo previously reported in its [O III] 52 and 88 μm line emission. When compared with the Infrared Space Observatory [C II] observations of this region, we find that 27% of the [C II] line emission arises from this low-density ionized gas, but the large majority (~73%) of the observed [C II] line emission arises from the neutral interstellar medium. This result supports and underpins prior conclusions that most of the observed [C II] 158 μm line emission from Galactic and extragalactic sources arises from the warm, dense photodissociated surfaces of molecular clouds. The detection of the [N II] line demonstrates the utility of Antarctic sites for THz spectroscopy.
Chiral symmetry breaking with lattice propagators

We study chiral symmetry breaking using the standard gap equation, supplemented with the infrared-finite gluon propagator and ghost dressing function obtained from large-volume lattice simulations. One of the most important ingredients of this analysis is the non-Abelian quark-gluon vertex, which controls the way the ghost sector enters into the gap equation. Specifically, this vertex introduces a numerically crucial dependence on the ghost dressing function and the quark-ghost scattering amplitude. This latter quantity satisfies its own, previously unexplored, dynamical equation, which may be decomposed into individual integral equations for its various form factors. In particular, the scalar form factor is obtained from an approximate version of the 'one-loop dressed' integral equation, and its numerical impact turns out to be rather considerable. The detailed numerical analysis of the resulting gap equation reveals that the constituent quark mass obtained is about 300 MeV, while fermions in the adjoint representation acquire a mass in the range of (750-962) MeV.
Imaging of the Radio Remnant of SN 1987A at 12 mm Wavelength

Observations of the radio remnant of supernova 1987A using the Australia Telescope Compact Array in the 12 mm band on 2003 July 31 (day 6002.7 after the explosion) give the first fully resolved radio image of the supernova remnant. The diffraction-limited image has a resolution of about 0. ″45, a factor of 2 better than that of the previously obtained 3 cm images. There is excellent agreement between the 12 mm image and a contemporaneous superresolved 3 cm image. Superresolution of the 12 mm image gives a further factor of 2 improvement in resolution, to 0. ″25, albeit with limited dynamic range. While the spatial distributions of the radio and X-ray emission are broadly similar, there are significant differences in detail, with no correspondence in the regions of brightest emission. The 12 mm image is well modeled by a thick equatorial ring inclined at 43° to the line of sight. This, together with the common east-west asymmetry and the relatively steady increase in the radio flux density, suggests that the reverse shock is the main site for generation of the radio emission.
The relationships between Big-Five personality traits and social entrepreneurship intention

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to test and discuss the relationships between the Big-Five personality traits (agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism, and openness to experience) and social entrepreneurial intention. This study applies the technique of structural equation modeling to explore relationships among latent constructs. Survey responses were collected from 753 undergraduate students to compile the analysis. The results confirm that individuals with different personality traits behave differently in relation to social entrepreneurial intention. While agreeableness, extraversion, and openness to experience have positive effects, neuroticism and conscientiousness negatively impact social entrepreneurial intention. Policymakers should build an environment that fosters agreeableness, extraversion, and openness to experience—these are the primary factors that influence SEI. Educators can design personality development programs to help students perfect the personalities that match becoming social entrepreneurs. Future research should be expanded to incorporate other factors such as culture, background, education, and experience to provide a more general view of the impact of personality on intentions.
Inferring the redshift distribution of the cosmic infrared background

Cross-correlating the Planck High Frequency Instrument (HFI) maps against quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR7, we estimate the intensity distribution of the Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) over the redshift range 0 < z < 5.We detect redshift-dependent spatial cross-correlations between the two datasets using the 857, 545 and 353 GHz channels and we obtain upper limits at 217 GHz consistent with expectations. At all frequencies with detectable signal we infer a redshift distribution peaking around z ~ 1.2 and find the recovered spectrum to be consistent with emission arising from star forming galaxies. By assuming simple modified blackbody and Kennicutt relations, we estimate dust and star formation rate density as a function of redshift, finding results consistent with earlier multiwavelength measurements over a large portion of cosmic history. However, we note that, lacking mid-infrared coverage, we are not able to make an accurate determination of the mean temperature for the dust responsible for the CIB. Our results demonstrate that clustering-based redshift inference is a valuable tool for measuring the entire evolution history of the cosmic star formation rate from a single and homogeneous dataset.
The origin of subdwarf B stars – II

We have carried out a detailed binary population synthesis (BPS) study of the formation of subdwarf B (sdB) stars and related objects (sdO, sdOB stars) using the latest version of the BPS code developed by Han and co-workers. We systematically investigate the importance of the five main evolutionary channels in which the sdB stars form after one or two common-envelope (CE) phases, one or two phases of stable Roche lobe overflow (RLOF) or as the result of the merger of two helium white dwarfs (WDs). Our best BPS model can satisfactorily explain the main observational characteristics of sdB stars, in particular their distributions in the orbital period-minimum companion mass (log P-M-comp) diagram and in the effective temperature-surface gravity (T-eff- log g) diagram, their distributions of orbital period, log (gtheta(4))(theta = 5040 K / T-eff) and mass function, their binary fraction and the fraction of sdB binaries with WD companions, their birth rates and their space density. We obtain a Galactic formation rate for sdB stars of 0.014- 0.063 yr(-1) with a best estimate of similar to0.05 yr(-1) and a total number in the Galaxy of 2.4-9.5 x 10(6) with a best estimate of similar to6 x 10(6); half of these may be missing in observational surveys owing to selection effects. The intrinsic binary fraction is 76-89 per cent, although the observed frequency may be substantially lower owing to the selection effects. The first CE ejection channel, the first stable RLOF channel and the merger channel are intrinsically the most important channels, although observational selection effects tend to increase the relative importance of the second CE ejection and merger channels. We also predict a distribution of masses for sdB stars that is wider than is commonly assumed and that some sdB stars have companions of spectral type as early as B. The percentage of A-type stars with sdB companions can in principle be used to constrain some of the important parameters in the binary evolution model. We conclude that (i) the first RLOF phase needs to be more stable than is commonly assumed, either because the critical mass ratio q(crit) for dynamical mass transfer is higher or because of tidally enhanced stellar wind mass loss; (ii) mass transfer in the first stable RLOF phase is non-conservative, and the mass lost from the system takes away a specific angular momentum similar to that of the system; and (iii) common-envelope ejection is very efficient.
Planetary Waves Traveling Between Mars Science Laboratory and Mars 2020

Using Perseverance (Mars 2020) and Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) measurements, we obtain planetary waves with a period of 1.5–30 sols in the 1.5 m temperature, winds (Mars 2020), surface pressure, and relative humidity. Planetary waves emerge and propagate latitudinally across all variables. Short‐period waves peak at periods of ∼2, 3, and 4.5 sols, confirming previous detections of waves, and wave amplitudes agree at Mars 2020 and MSL for all variables. The simultaneous detection of waves within Gale and Jezero craters in multiple variables indicates that planetary‐scale dynamics influences many facets of local weather throughout the year. Multiple waves are correlated or anti‐correlated between MSL and Mars 2020, suggesting waves originate in both hemispheres. Further, waves at one site do not always lead the other, suggesting a combination of baroclinic and barotropic processes as wave sources, determined from the phasing of the temperature and winds in Jezero compared to the Ensemble Mars Atmospheric Reanalysis System.
Capacity of deep‐sea corals to obtain nutrition from cold seeps aligned with microbiome reorganization

Cold seeps in the deep sea harbor various animals that have adapted to utilize seepage chemicals with the aid of chemosynthetic microbes that serve as primary producers. Corals are among the animals that live near seep habitats and yet, there is a lack of evidence that corals gain benefits and/or incur costs from cold seeps. Here, we focused on Callogorgia delta and Paramuricea sp. type B3 that live near and far from visual signs of currently active seepage at five sites in the deep Gulf of Mexico. We tested whether these corals rely on chemosynthetically‐derived food in seep habitats and how the proximity to cold seeps may influence; (i) coral colony traits (i.e., health status, growth rate, regrowth after sampling, and branch loss) and associated epifauna, (ii) associated microbiome, and (iii) host transcriptomes. Stable isotope data showed that many coral colonies utilized chemosynthetically derived food, but the feeding strategy differed by coral species. The microbiome composition of C. delta, unlike Paramuricea sp. , varied significantly between seep and non‐seep colonies and both coral species were associated with various sulfur‐oxidizing bacteria (SUP05). Interestingly, the relative abundances of SUP05 varied among seep and non‐seep colonies and were strongly correlated with carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values. In contrast, the proximity to cold seeps did not have a measurable effect on gene expression, colony traits, or associated epifauna in coral species. Our work provides the first evidence that some corals may gain benefits from living near cold seeps with apparently limited costs to the colonies. Cold seeps provide not only hard substrate but also food to cold‐water corals. Furthermore, restructuring of the microbiome communities (particularly SUP05) is likely the key adaptive process to aid corals in utilizing seepage‐derived carbon. This highlights that those deep‐sea corals may upregulate particular microbial symbiont communities to cope with environmental gradients.
Mass–Metallicity Relation and Fundamental Metallicity Relation of Metal-poor Star-forming Galaxies at 0.6 < Z < 0.9 from the eBOSS Survey

The stellar mass–metallicity relation (M⋆–Z; MZR) indicates that the metallicities of galaxies increase with increasing stellar masses. The fundamental metallicity relation (FMR) suggests that galaxies with higher star formation rates (SFRs) tend to have lower metallicities for a given stellar mass. To examine whether the MZR and FMR still hold at poorer metallicities and higher redshifts, we compile a sample of 35 star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at 0.6 < z < 0.9 using the public spectral database (v5_10_0) of emission-line galaxies from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey. These galaxies are identified for their significant auroral [O iii]λ4363 emission line (S/N ≥ 3). With the electronic temperature metallicity calibration, we find nine SFGs that are extremely metal-poor galaxies with 12 + log(O/H) ≤ 7.69 (1/10 Z⊙). The metallicity of the most metal-deficient galaxy is 7.35 ± 0.09 (about 1/20 Z⊙). Compared to the SFGs with normal metallicities in the local and high-redshift universe, our metal-poor SFGs have more than 10 times higher SFRs at a fixed stellar mass. We create a new mass–SFR relation for these metal-poor galaxies at 0.6 < z < 0.9. Due to the higher SFRs and younger stellar ages, our metal-poor SFGs deviate from the MZR and FMR in the local universe toward lower metallicities, confirming the existence of FMR, as well as the cosmic evolution of MZR and FMR with redshift.
G306.3−0.9: A NEWLY DISCOVERED YOUNG GALACTIC SUPERNOVA REMNANT

We present X-ray and radio observations of the new Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) G306.3−0.9, recently discovered by Swift. Chandra imaging reveals a complex morphology, dominated by a bright shock. The X-ray spectrum is broadly consistent with a young SNR in the Sedov phase, implying an age of 2500 yr for a distance of 8 kpc, plausibly identifying this as one of the 20 youngest Galactic SNRs. Australia Telescope Compact Array imaging reveals a prominent ridge of radio emission that correlates with the X-ray emission. We find a flux density of ∼160 mJy at 1 GHz, which is the lowest radio flux recorded for a Galactic SNR to date. The remnant is also detected at 24 μm, indicating the presence of irradiated warm dust. The data reveal no compelling evidence for the presence of a compact stellar remnant.
Phase separation of quantized vortices in two-component miscible Bose-Einstein condensates in a two-dimensional box potential

The dynamics of quantized vortices in two-dimensional two-component miscible Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) trapped by a box potential has been numerically studied using the Gross{ Pitaevskii model. We have discovered a novel phenomenon where the vortices of the two components spatially separate from each other, which we call the phase separation of the distribution of vortices. This phase separation occurs when the inter-component coupling is strong. Onsager vortices, on the other hand, are formed in both components when the inter-component coupling is weak. We distinguish between Onsager vortices and phase-separated vortices by two types of effective distances between vortices. The dependence of the transition between the Onsager vortices and phase-separated vortices on the inter-component interaction is also studied.
Physics and experiments with future linear e[+] e[-] colliders : LCWS 2000, Batavia, Illinois 24-28 October 2000

The proceedings of the fifth in a series of workshops on the physics and detectors for the next generation of e+e- at the linear colliders are focused on the motivation and requirements for the next generation of high energy physics accelerators. Possible technical specifications for the possible accelerator complex as well as experimental aspects of the physics program are presented. Comprehensive studies of the physics potential of the linear colliders, carried out in Asia, Europe, and the United States, are reviewed and discussed. Topics included are: Higgs, SUSY Higgs, top quark physics, QCD/two-photon physics, SUSY superpartners, electroweak interactions, new and alternative physics, simulation tools, detector interface, vertexing and tracking detectors, particle ID and muon detectors, calorimetry and masks, as well as data acquisition and triggering.
Robotic Surgery: The Future of Gynaecology

Robot-assisted surgery is the next phase in the process of transhumanism. Presently, robotic surgery is used in various benign and malignant gynaecological procedures. Robot-assisted surgery is significantly superior to open surgeries in post-surgical hospital stays; however, the difference is less significant in the case of laparoscopic surgery. Estimated blood loss in robotic surgery may be less. Regarding postoperative time, the results have been inconsistent due to variations in surgeons' experience. The primary drawbacks of robotic systems are their high installation and maintenance costs and lack of tactile feedback. Though robotic surgery allows easy dissection and fine suturing and has a faster recovery rate, to decide whether it should become the mainstream of gynaecological procedures, more randomized controlled trials are needed.
Cognitive functions in individuals with spinal cord injury: Do symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia or orthostatic hypotension have an effect?

Aims: This study aimed to compare the cognitive functions of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and age- and education level-matched healthy controls, and to compare the cognitive functions between individuals with T6 or rostral and T6 caudal injuries. Materials and Methods: This prospective and cross sectional study included 50 individuals with SCI and 47 age- and education level-matched healthy controls. The SCI individuals were divided into two groups as those with T6 or rostral (n = 20) and T6 caudal (n = 30) injuries. All participants underwent the Addenbrook Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) test to assess memory, attention and orientation, language, and verbal fluency. Results: The memory, verbal fluency, and language subgroups of the ACE-R were significantly higher in the control group than in the SCI group. Compared with the control group, memory, verbal fluency, and language subscores were significantly reduced in individuals with T6 or rostral injury, and memory and verbal fluency were in individuals with T6 caudal injury. However, there was no significant difference in any of the ACE-R subscores between individuals with T6 or rostral and T6 caudal injuries. Conclusion: Significant differences in certain parts of cognitive functioning were found in individuals with SCI compared with age- and education level-matched controls. However, no significant differences were noted in any parts of cognitive functioning between individuals with T6 or rostral and T6 caudal injuries. Although cognitive impairment is an important sequelae following SCI, autonomic dysfunctions appear to have no effect on cognitive impairments in this population.
Accounting transparencies and audit fees of auditor-designated mutual savings banks in Korea

Abstract In 1998, the act on mutual savings banks was amended to create a legal basis for auditor designation for certain mutual savings banks in Korea. Also, a series of restructuring processes for the savings banking industry took place in 2011 due to the insolvency of some savings banks. This study empirically analyzes whether the auditor designation rule has affected how mutual savings banks set aside allowance for bad debts and thus help improve their accounting transparency (better asset quality and less earnings management), as well as the impact of this rule on audit fees. It also looks into whether there is any notable difference in accounting transparency and audit fees between before and after the savings bank incident in 2011. We specifically set the six hypotheses about the effect of auditor designation on asset quality, earnings management, and audit fees, and the different effect of savings bank incident on these three factors. We investigate the hypotheses using regression models with 809 firm-year sample from 2005 to 2014. The results show that asset quality has improved for auditor designated mutual savings banks and after the incident. With respect to earnings management, mutual savings banks with designated auditors are found to be less likely to manage their earnings using allowance for bad debts, but there is no statistical significance in difference between before and after the savings bank incident. As for audit fees, the amount of fees is large for auditor-designated mutual savings banks, and after the incident. This study would offer useful insights to financial regulators, auditors, audit clients, and other stakeholders.