Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Power factor compensation of a controlled rectifier with non-sinusoidal generator voltage using passive components

In a recent paper we introduced a framework for analysis and design of (possibly nonlinear) power factor (PF) compensators for electrical systems operating in non-sinusoidal (but periodic) regimes with nonlinear loads. In particular, under the standard assumption that the generator is a voltage source with no impedance, we characterized all nonlinear loads whose PF is improved with a given nonlinear compensator. In this brief note we use this framework to study the problem of passive PF compensation of a classical half-bridge controlled rectifier (terminated by a resistor) with non-sinusoidal generator voltage. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for improvement of PF with linear inductors or capacitors, which determine ranges for the compensator parameters that depend on the rectifier fire angle and the amplitude of the voltage source. Given the ¿phase advance¿ operation of the rectifier it is expected that capacitive compensation improves PF, it is however less obvious that this can also be achieved (under some suitable conditions) with inductors.
Time series forecasting with SOM and local non-linear models-Application to the DAX 30 index prediction

A general method for time series forecasting is presented. Based on the splitting of the past dynamics into clusters, local models are built to capture the possible evolution of the series given the last known values. A probabilistic model is used to combine the local predictions. The method can be applied to any time series prediction problem, but is particularly suited to data showing non-linear dependencies and cluster effects, as many financial series do. The method is applied to the prediction of the returns of the DAX30 index.
Item-specific delay activity demonstrates concurrent storage of multiple active neural representations in working memory

Persistent neural activity that encodes online mental representations plays a central role in working memory (WM). However, there has been debate regarding the number of items that can be concurrently represented in this active neural state, which is often called the “focus of attention. ” Some models propose a strict single-item limit, such that just 1 item can be neurally active at once while other items are relegated to an activity-silent state. Although past studies have decoded multiple items stored in WM, these studies cannot rule out a switching account in which only a single item is actively represented at a time. Here, we directly tested whether multiple representations can be held concurrently in an active state. We tracked spatial representations in WM using alpha-band (8–12 Hz) activity, which encodes spatial positions held in WM. Human observers remembered 1 or 2 positions over a short delay while we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) data. Using a spatial encoding model, we reconstructed active stimulus-specific representations (channel-tuning functions [CTFs]) from the scalp distribution of alpha-band power. Consistent with past work, we found that the selectivity of spatial CTFs was lower when 2 items were stored than when 1 item was stored. Critically, data-driven simulations revealed that the selectivity of spatial representations in the two-item condition could not be explained by models that propose that only a single item can exist in an active state at once. Thus, our findings demonstrate that multiple items can be concurrently represented in an active neural state.
Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association

Purpose— The aim of this guideline is to present current and comprehensive recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods— A formal literature search of PubMed was performed through the end of August 2013. The writing committee met by teleconference to discuss narrative text and recommendations. Recommendations follow the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association methods of classifying the level of certainty of the treatment effect and the class of evidence. Prerelease review of the draft guideline was performed by 6 expert peer reviewers and by the members of the Stroke Council Scientific Oversight Committee and Stroke Council Leadership Committee. Results— Evidence-based guidelines are presented for the care of patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Topics focused on diagnosis, management of coagulopathy and blood pressure, prevention and control of secondary brain injury and intracranial pressure, the role of surgery, outcome prediction, rehabilitation, secondary prevention, and future considerations. Results of new phase 3 trials were incorporated. Conclusions— Intracerebral hemorrhage remains a serious condition for which early aggressive care is warranted. These guidelines provide a framework for goal-directed treatment of the patient with intracerebral hemorrhage.
Wnt directs the endosomal flux of LDL‐derived cholesterol and lipid droplet homeostasis

The Wnt pathway, which controls crucial steps of the development and differentiation programs, has been proposed to influence lipid storage and homeostasis. In this paper, using an unbiased strategy based on high‐content genome‐wide RNAi screens that monitored lipid distribution and amounts, we find that Wnt3a regulates cellular cholesterol. We show that Wnt3a stimulates the production of lipid droplets and that this stimulation strictly depends on endocytosed, LDL‐derived cholesterol and on functional early and late endosomes. We also show that Wnt signaling itself controls cholesterol endocytosis and flux along the endosomal pathway, which in turn modulates cellular lipid homeostasis. These results underscore the importance of endosome functions for LD formation and reveal a previously unknown regulatory mechanism of the cellular programs controlling lipid storage and endosome transport under the control of Wnt signaling.
Graded Representations of Emotional Expressions in the Left Superior Temporal Sulcus

Perceptual categorization is a fundamental cognitive process that gives meaning to an often graded sensory environment. Previous research has subdivided the visual pathway into posterior regions that processes the physical properties of a stimulus, and frontal regions that process more abstract properties such as category information. The superior temporal sulcus (STS) is known to be involved in face and emotion perception, but the nature of its processing remains unknown. Here, we used targeted fMRI measurements of the STS to investigate whether its representations of facial expressions are categorical or noncategorical. Multivoxel pattern analysis showed that even though subjects were performing a categorization task, the left STS contained graded, noncategorical representations. In the right STS, representations showed evidence for both stimulus-related gradations and a categorical boundary.
Simple minds: a qualified defence of associative learning

Using cooperation in chimpanzees as a case study, this article argues that research on animal minds needs to steer a course between ‘association-blindness’—the failure to consider associative learning as a candidate explanation for complex behaviour—and ‘simple-mindedness’—the assumption that associative explanations trump more cognitive hypotheses. Association-blindness is challenged by the evidence that associative learning occurs in a wide range of taxa and functional contexts, and is a major force guiding the development of complex human behaviour. Furthermore, contrary to a common view, association-blindness is not entailed by the rejection of behaviourism. Simple-mindedness is founded on Morgan's canon, a methodological principle recommending ‘lower’ over ‘higher’ explanations for animal behaviour. Studies in the history and philosophy of science show that Morgan failed to offer an adequate justification for his canon, and subsequent attempts to justify the canon using evolutionary arguments and appeals to simplicity have not been successful. The weaknesses of association-blindness and simple-mindedness imply that there are no short-cuts to finding out about animal minds. To decide between associative and yet more cognitive explanations for animal behaviour, we have to spell them out in sufficient detail to allow differential predictions, and to test these predictions through observation and experiment.
A STUDY OF LYSIS IN BACTERIOPHAGE-INFECTED ESCHERICHIA COLI

Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the poorly understood mechanism by which virulent bacteriophage induces lysis in bacteria (Hershey and Bronfenbrenner, 1952; Luria, 1953). It has been suggested that lysis is caused by: 1) the accumulation of an overwhelming amount of phage within the cell (d'Herelle, 1926); 2) the possession by the phage of a lytic enzyme (Sertic, 1929; Anderson, 1945); 3) the osmotic pressure built up inside the cell during infection (Hetler and Bronfenbrenner, 1932); 4) the changes in surface tension during infection (Bayne-Jones and Sandholzer, 1933), 5) the activation of a host-cell enzyme(s) during infection (Bronfenbrenner and Muckenfuss, 1927; Bordet and Renaux, 1928; Wollman and Woilman, 1936; Pirie, 1939). These hypotheses, derived from studies of different phage host systems, are not all mutually exclusive. In addition, it appears possible that there may be more than one mechanism of phage-induced lysis, even in one host cell. The object of the present study was to investigate at least one possible mechanism in detail in a single host strain, and to compare this mechanism with those associated with other phages for the same host strain.
Precision manufacturing for clinical-quality regenerative medicines

Innovations in engineering applied to healthcare make a significant difference to people's lives. Market growth is guaranteed by demographics. Regulation and requirements for good manufacturing practice—extreme levels of repeatability and reliability—demand high-precision process and measurement solutions. Emerging technologies using living biological materials add complexity. This paper presents some results of work demonstrating the precision automated manufacture of living materials, particularly the expansion of populations of human stem cells for therapeutic use as regenerative medicines. The paper also describes quality engineering techniques for precision process design and improvement, and identifies the requirements for manufacturing technology and measurement systems evolution for such therapies.
Circular arc sectored array of box-horns for therapeutic applications

In this paper, we present analysis and design of circular arc sectored array of water-loaded box-horns for therapeutic treatment of cancer. This array is useful for hyperthermia treatment of tumor within curved portion of body such as neck, arms etc. It is assumed that the box-horn is loaded with water to provide good impedance match to bio-medium. Also, it reduces the size of box-horns for it to be useful for array configuration. An analytical model is reported in which the values of specific absorption rate (SAR)/contour of SAR distribution in heating medium (muscle/tumor) due to array of box-horns are evaluated at 2.45 GHz. The penetration depth and power absorption coefficient are computed for the sectored array. The present analysis is carried out using Fresnel-Kirchhoff scalar diffraction field theory. Results have shown that sectored array has wider lateral area of heating pattern in x-y-plane and higher penetration depth in z-direction in comparison to single water-loaded box-horn. It is shown that by changing the phase and amplitude of excitation of each box-horn of the sectored array, relative amplitude and position of the heating spot can be changed. The present theory can be utilized to develop a circular arc sectored array of water-loaded box-horns for hyperthermia treatment of cancer within the curved part of the human body.
Chapter 11. Conservation status of boreal owls in the United States

Previous chapters outlined the biology and ecology of boreal owls as well as the ecology of important vegetation communities based on literature from North America and Europe. That technical review provides the basis to assess the current conservation status of boreal owls in the United States. By conservation status, we mean the demographic condition of the species as it relates to the likelihood of local and national persistence of wild populations over the long term. Are populations of boreal owls in the United States currently threatened? Are current land management practices likely to lead toward the peril of local or regional populations? Like any scientific story, our understanding of boreal owl ecology is incomplete. In the face of incomplete knowledge, I will evaluate the status of boreal owls by asking a series of critical questions about the species and its habitat. My goal is to synthesize evidence necessary to build a case for one of the following conclusions: 1) populations of boreal owls in the United States are secure and will likely remain so given current land management practices; 2) populations of boreal owls are in peril (declining or experiencing some demographic trauma) or are likely to be in peril in the future given current land management practices; or 3) there is insufficient evidence to determine the species' conservation status. Populations of boreal owls differ in biology and ecology depending on geographic setting (Korpimaki 1986, Hayward et al. 1993). Therefore, for this assessment, when answering the critical questions, I rely first on investigations from North America and use European studies to a lesser extent. A minimum of references are presented here as the literature was thoroughly reviewed in the previous chapters. Is the Distribution and Abundance of the Boreal Owl Declining in All or Part of Its Range?
Neural precursors of future liking and reciprocity

Why do certain group members end up especially liking each other more than others? The prediction of interpersonal attraction has been a longstanding pursuit in the social sciences. We combine functional MRI and longitudinal social network data to test whether newly acquainted group members’ reward-related neural responses to one another predict their future attractions after completing a summer program together. We find that one’s own (actor’s) future liking of a particular group member (partner) is predicted jointly by actor’s neural valuation of partner and by that partner’s neural valuation of actor. These actor and partner effects exhibited equivalent predictive strength and were robust to each other, both individuals’ initial liking, and other potential drivers of tie formation. Behavioral findings indicated that actor’s relational attraction (to partner) and partner’s relational attraction (to actor) were initially independent (unreciprocated) at T1 yet became predominantly interdependent (reciprocated) by T2. This emergence of dyadic reciprocity was partly explained by the reciprocal pathways linking dyad members’ T1 neural data both to their own and to each other’s T2 liking outcomes. In sum, these findings elucidate interpersonal brain mechanisms that define how we ultimately end up liking (and being liked by) particular interaction partners, how group members’ initially idiosyncratic attractions become mutually reciprocated, and more broadly, how dyads evolve from the bonding of individuals. This study advances a flexible framework for researching the neural foundations of interpersonal sentiments and social relations that—conceptually, methodologically, and statistically—emphasizes group members’ relational interdependence.
Migration by Necessity and by Force to Mountain Areas: An Opportunity for Social Innovation

This article discusses current European migration flows, their impacts on the European Alps, and future options for addressing issues of migration. It explores these issues from the perspective of regional development, taking into account the currently prevailing goals of economic competitiveness and local self-interest. It focuses on the Alps, a region in which rural areas are losing economic, demographic, and decision-making power due to outmigration. An end to outmigration in the Alps is currently unlikely, but there may be other ways to stem the resulting losses. Based on a review of migration literature and 3 case studies, the article explores ways in which programs for hosting and integrating migrants can also benefit long-time residents by contributing in many different ways to the development of mountain areas. From this perspective, efforts to integrate migrants can be seen as a form of social innovation that can contribute to the future of the entire Alpine economic space. Rather than focusing on drivers of migration or its humanitarian or constitutional aspects, the paper explores the potential benefits to all parties of a better integration of migrants into the host regions, and the possibility that this could become a model of social innovation. It suggests an agenda for research on how to reach this potential and agenda points for policy regarding measures to fulfill the potential.
Randomized active atomicity violation detection in concurrent programs

Atomicity is an important specification that enables programmers to understand atomic blocks of code in a multi-threaded program as if they are sequential. This significantly simplifies the programmer's job to reason about correctness. Several modern multithreaded programming languages provide no built-in support to ensure atomicity; instead they rely on the fact that programmers would use locks properly in order to guarantee that atomic code blocks are indeed atomic. However, improper use of locks can sometimes fail to ensure atomicity. Therefore, we need tools that can check atomicity properties of lock-based code automatically. We propose a randomized dynamic analysis technique to detect a special, but important, class of atomicity violations that are often found in real-world programs. Specifically, our technique modifies the existing Java thread scheduler behavior to create atomicity violations with high probability. Our approach has several advantages over existing dynamic analysis tools. First, we can create a real atomicity violation and see if an exception can be thrown. Second, we can replay an atomicity violating execution by simply using the same seed for random number generation---we do not need to record the execution. Third, we give no false warnings unlike existing dynamic atomicity checking techniques. We have implemented the technique in a prototype tool for Java and have experimented on a number of large multi-threaded Java programs and libraries. We report a number of previously known and unknown bugs and atomicity violations in these Java programs.
The design of cellular neural networks for associative memory with multiple memory tables

In this paper, we propose the CNNs for associative memory with multiple memory tables (MMT-CNNs). Thereupon, we have examined the incomplete recall rate in the computational experiments of some MMT-CNNs. As a result, the incomplete recall rate (ICR) of the MMT-CNNs was far below that of the conventional CNNs, and we could confirm a great improvement of self-recall function.
Corticobasal Syndrome Associated With the A9D Progranulin Mutation

Corticobasal syndrome is characterized by cortical dysfunction and L-dopa-unresponsive Parkinsonism, with asymmetrical onset of clinical presentation and evidence of atrophy and/or hypometabolism at neuroimaging. Recently, the heterogeneous pathologic substrate of corticobasal syndrome has been further expanded to include cases with pathologic diagnosis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin/TDP-43 (TAR DNA binding protein 43)-positive inclusions associated with progranulin (PGRN) mutations. We report a family in which several individuals have been affected with a dementia/movement disorder phenotype. The proband presented at age 45 with spontaneous left arm levitation, ideational apraxia, asymmetric parkinsonism, and dystonia. Subsequently, he developed limb-kinetic apraxia, left-side hemineglect, memory loss, and executive dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography studies revealed severe cerebral cortical atrophy and hypometabolism, which were significantly more pronounced in the parietal lobes (right > left). Neuropathologic examination displayed the highest degree of degeneration and ubiquitin/TDP-43 pathology in the proband's parietal areas. Genetic analysis revealed the presence of the c.26C>A PGRN mutation in 1 allele. This mutation has been reported in association with hereditary-dysphasic-disinhibition-dementia, Alzheimer-like dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, and primary progressive aphasia. The peculiar findings observed in this patient indicate that the parietal lobe may represent the most vulnerable anatomical area in some of the PGRN-associated frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin/TDP-43-positive inclusion cases.
Evaporation dominates evapotranspiration on Alaska’s Arctic Coastal Plain

ABSTRACT The dynamics of evapotranspiration (ET), such as the partitioning to evaporation and transpiration, of polygonal ground on the Arctic Coastal Plain are not well understood. We assessed ET dynamics, including evaporation and transpiration partitioning, created by microtopographic features associated with high- and low-centered polygons. Chamber ET and leaf-level transpiration measurements were conducted in one-week field campaigns in two growing seasons with contrasting weather conditions. We found that ET was greater in the drier and warmer sampling period (2013) compared to the colder and wetter one (2014). Evaporation dominated ET, particularly in the wetter and colder sampling period (>90% in 2014 vs. 80% in 2013). In the 2013 sampling period, wetter and warmer conditions increased ET and the contribution of transpiration to ET. If the soils warm with degrading permafrost, ET and the fraction contributed by transpiration may increase to a certain threshold, when moisture must increase with rising temperatures to further increase these fluxes. While the fraction of transpiration may rise with warmer soils, it is unlikely that transpiration will completely dominate ET. This work highlights the complexities of understanding ET in this dynamic environment and the importance of understanding differences across polygonal ground.
Fast link-disjoint path algorithm on parallel reconfigurable processor DAPDNA-2

This paper proposes fast parallel link-disjoint path algorithm using dynamically reconfigurable processor and implements it on DAPDNA-2 (IPFlex Inc) which is newly structured. The conventional k-shortest path algorithm finds multiple link-disjoint paths between the source node and the destination node. When the network scale is large, the calculation time of k-shortest path algorithm increases rapidly. Moreover, in the worst case, k-shortest path algorithm can not find optimum link-disjoint path pair because this algorithm always finds the shortest path at first and removes those links from network. Our proposed algorithm collects all path information in the network and calculates optimum link-disjoint path pair (i.e. minimum cost link-disjoint path pair) at high speed by using parallel operation. Additionally, our proposed algorithm finds optimum link-disjoint path pair at a high rate in a limited of calculation time. The evaluation shows our proposed algorithm can decrease the calculation clock about 90%.