Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NEST-SITE SELECTION BY HOODED WARBLERS IN BOTTOMLAND HARDWOODS OF SOUTH CAROLINA

We measured habitat features at 45 nests of Hooded Warblers (Wilsonia citrina) and 45 non-use sites in bottomland hardwood habitats in the coastal plain of South Carolina during the breeding seasons 1993-1994 to determine features that affect nesting success. Hooded Warblers nested in switchcane (Arundinaria gigantea) and hardwood sap- lings or shrubs that averaged 1.76 ± 0.10 m (SE) in height. Nests were more concealed from above (P = 0.001) and from the side (P = 0.002) than surrogate nests placed at non- use sites but were less concealed from below (P = 0.002). Nest sites also had a greater number of potential substrates (P = 0.014) in the nest patch (5-m radius) and greater mea- sures of vegetation density (P < 0.05) in the nest patch than non-use sites. Successful nests differed from unsuccessful nests only in the amount of fern cover in the nest patch (greater for successful nests, P = 0.012). Fern cover may influence nesting success through an effect on behavioral defense strategies. Nesting success of Hooded Warblers may largely be un- related to fine-scale differences in vegetative characteristics of the nest site. Received 28 Mar. 1995, accepted 20 Sept. 1995. Because availability of suitable nest sites may be the most critical de- terminant of habitat selection (and thus perceived habitat quality) by some birds (Steele 1993), knowledge of what constitutes a suitable nest site, or more importantly a successful nest site, is necessary (Martin 1993a). For example, Martin and Roper (1988) found that successful Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) nests were characterized by a greater density of white fir (Abies concolor) saplings in the 5-m radius circle surrounding the nest. Such specific habitat features that affect nest fate should be identified for other species. Hooded Warblers (Wilsonia citrina) have been classified by the Part- ners In Flight prioritization scheme as a species of "very high concern" in the Southeast (Hunter et al. 1993a, b). We examined nest-site selection patterns of Hooded Warblers to determine habitat differences between successful and unsuccessful nests. We measured variables at two scales, the nest site and the nest patch. Hooded Warblers inhabit moist mature deciduous forests of eastern North America (Bent 1953, Powell and Rap- pole 1986, Evans Ogden and Stutchbury 1994). In the coastal plain of the southeastern United States, Hooded Warblers occur almost exclusively in forested wetlands (Bent 1953) and reach their greatest abundance in
Conduction and Utilization of Research: The Relationship Between Air Force Nurses' Attitudes, Levels of Education, and Rank

The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes of Air Force nurse toward research. The study used a descriptive-correlational design to examine these attitudes, and the results were correlated with level of education and rank. The study used a convenience sample and the site was a Midwestern Air Force medical center. Almost 100% of Air Force nurses surveyed had at least a Bachelor's degree, 97% had a minimum of a Bachelor's degree in nursing. Air Force nurses had an overall good attitude toward nursing research. Air Force nurses at the Diploma, BSN, and MSN education levels in nursing had the most research experience in the past five years. Rank and highest total level of education (nursing and non-nursing combined) were not found to be statistically significant predictors of research experience or attitude. Highest level of education in nursing was found to be a statistically significant predictor of research experience and attitude in the Air Force nurses studied.
Fate of Human Enteric Viruses (Rotaviruses and Entero Viruses) in Sewage after Primary Sedimentation

A wastewater treatment plant, which treats sewage by either mechanical primary sedimentation or lime coagulation, was used for modelling the fate of human enteric viruses after these treatments. The occurrence of human rotaviruses and enteroviruses was monitored in sewage influent, effluent and sludge samples. The level of indigenous enteric viruses in raw sewage was very high (up to 10 000 I.U./l); the values for rotavxrus and enterovxrus were of the same magnitude, although no correlation was found between the levels of both kinds of human enteric viruses. Both rotaviruses and enteroviruses were removed from sewage and transferred to sludge at similar rates after mechanical sedimentation, although rotaviruses were more efficiently recovered from sludge samples than enteroviruses. After chemical coagulation by lime treatment, most human enteric viruses in sludge were inactivated. Lime coagulation should be regarded as a most effective single-step treatment for the removal of viral pathogens such as rotaviruses and enteroviruses from sewage.
Prevalence and factors associated with low back pain among nurses at a regional hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Background Low back pain (LBP) is a public health problem worldwide and is a common cause of work-related disorder among workers, especially in the nursing profession. Recruitment and retention of nurses is a challenge, and the nursing shortage has been exacerbated by the burden of occupational injuries such as LBP and related disabilities. The physiotherapy clinical records revealed that caseload of nurses presenting for the management of LBP was increasing. The prevalence and factors associated with LBP were unclear. Methods A cross-sectional study design with an analytic component was implemented. Data were collected utilising a self-administered questionnaire to determine the prevalence and factors associated with LBP among nurses at a regional hospital. Bivariate analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with LBP. Results The point prevalence of current LBP in nurses was 59%. The highest prevalence was recorded among enrolled nurses (54%), respondents aged 30–39 (46%), overweight respondents (58%) and those working in obstetrics and gynaecology (49%). Bending (p = 0.002), prolonged position (p = 0.03) and transferring patients (p = 0.004) were strongly associated with LBP. Nurses with more than 20 years in the profession reported a high prevalence of LBP. The prevalence of LBP was higher among the participants who were on six-month rotations (76%) compared with those on yearly rotation (16%). Conclusion A high proportion of nurses reported to have LBP. Occupational factors are strongly associated with LBP. Education programmes on prevention and workplace interventions are required in order to reduce occupational injuries.
TYK2 Protein-Coding Variants Protect against Rheumatoid Arthritis and Autoimmunity, with No Evidence of Major Pleiotropic Effects on Non-Autoimmune Complex Traits

Despite the success of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in detecting a large number of loci for complex phenotypes such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility, the lack of information on the causal genes leaves important challenges to interpret GWAS results in the context of the disease biology. Here, we genetically fine-map the RA risk locus at 19p13 to define causal variants, and explore the pleiotropic effects of these same variants in other complex traits. First, we combined Immunochip dense genotyping (n = 23,092 case/control samples), Exomechip genotyping (n = 18,409 case/control samples) and targeted exon-sequencing (n = 2,236 case/controls samples) to demonstrate that three protein-coding variants in TYK2 (tyrosine kinase 2) independently protect against RA: P1104A (rs34536443, OR = 0.66, P = 2.3x10-21), A928V (rs35018800, OR = 0.53, P = 1.2x10-9), and I684S (rs12720356, OR = 0.86, P = 4.6x10-7). Second, we show that the same three TYK2 variants protect against systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, Pomnibus = 6x10-18), and provide suggestive evidence that two of the TYK2 variants (P1104A and A928V) may also protect against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; Pomnibus = 0.005). Finally, in a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) assessing >500 phenotypes using electronic medical records (EMR) in >29,000 subjects, we found no convincing evidence for association of P1104A and A928V with complex phenotypes other than autoimmune diseases such as RA, SLE and IBD. Together, our results demonstrate the role of TYK2 in the pathogenesis of RA, SLE and IBD, and provide supporting evidence for TYK2 as a promising drug target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Electrolyte Imbalance in Patients of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Study from Central India

Background: Acute myocardial infarction is one the manifestations of coronary heart disease, leading to morbidity and mortality. Electrolytes such as sodium and potassium are considered to be major determinants of electrophysiological properties of myocardial membrane and their imbalance after an episode of AMI is common. Hence, the present study was planned with the aim to evaluate serum sodium and potassium in patients of AMI. Materials and Methods: The present study included 50 patients of AMI and 50 normal healthy individuals as controls. In all the subjects, sodium and potassium were measured by ion selective electrolyte analyzer. Results: Both sodium and potassium were significantly reduced in patients of AMI as compared to controls (131.48±6.31 meq/L vs. 139.32±3.09 meq/L, p<0.001 and 3.57±0.81 meq/L vs. 4.36±0.45 meq/L, p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: In conclusion, electrolytes such as sodium and potassium could be estimated in AMI subjects, which will provide additional information with regard to treatment as well as prognosis.
Horseshoe crabs in Australia

When you watch the title of "Horseshoe crabs in Australia", you may think that there are horseshoe crabs in Australia now. However, there are not any horseshoe crabs in the Australia zone including the Australian Continent now. This report concerns horsesoe crabs which used to live in Australia and were found as fossils. On the other hand, three species of horseshoe crabs now live in east south Asia, that is, the Oriental zone. The boundary of the Oriental zone and the Australia zone is the Wallace's line or the Weber's line. The Wallace's line situates at the west of the Sulawasi (Celebes) island, and the Weber's line situates at the east of the same island. There is a report that a species of horseshoe crab, Thch.ypleus tridentatus lives in the Sulawasi island (Sekiguchi,L988). Therefore in future, we may find some living horseshoe crabs under the natural conditions at north west Australia. horseshoe lives Vietnam to east Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda lives Japan.
Evaluation of Unbaited Pyramid Traps for Monitoring and Controlling Plum Curculio Adults (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Apple Orchards

We investigated unbaited black pyramid traps, placed on the ground, for monitoring overwintered adult plum curculios, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), in eight large commercial apple orchards in Massachusetts. None of the trap positions for any tree size in any orchard showed a significant positive relationship between the temporal occurrence of adult captures from petal fall until 4 to 5 wks afterward and the temporal occurrence of adult-initiated ovipositional injury to developing fruit during the same period. The amount of adults captured by traps was not significantly related to the amount of injury to fruit caused by adults, either across the entire period of overwintered adult activity or within periods of adult activity before, between or following insecticide applications. Similar traps placed next to trunks of groups of four adjacent trees in a small unmanaged orchard or next to trunks of every tree in a small commercial orchard failed to provide detectable or commercially-acceptable control of p.
Paragus caligneus sp. nov., a new Afrotropical species of flower fly (Diptera: Syrphidae)

A new species of flower fly (Diptera: Syrphidae) is described, Paragus caligneus sp. nov. A full description with images is given, as well as a species key for the subgenus Afroparagus Vujic & Radenkovic, 2008 and a modification of the identification key for Paragus subgenera. Molecular sequences from mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and nuclear ribosomal 28S rRNA genes were analyzed to evaluate the monophyly of Afroparagus. All four Paragus subgenera were recovered as monophyletic, although support values for Afroparagus were very low.
Competition between isolates of Septoria tritici Rog. Ex Desm. in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

1Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. Carretera México-Texcoco, km 38.5. C. P. 56230. Estado de México. Tel. 9521500. Ext. 6179. 2Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, C. P. 56230. Montecillo, Estado de México. 3Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo, Carretera México-Veracruz, km 45. El Batán, 56130, Texcoco, Estado de México. 4Campo Experimental Bajío-INIFAP. Carretera Celaya-San Miguel de Allende, km 6.5. C. P. 38110. Tel (461)6115323. §Autor para correspondencia: lsantos@correo.chapingo. mx.
Parasitoid survey of Anisota virginiensis (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) at Belair, Manitoba from 1989-1999.

Several species of Anisota (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), collectively known as oakworms, occasionally achieve pest status in the United States and Canada, and infestations sometimes exceed 1,000 ha. For example, the orange-striped oakworm, A. senatoria (J.E. Smith), is a common pest of oaks in the northeastern United States (Hitchcock 1961b, Coffelt and Schultz 1990)), and an outbreak of yellow-striped oakworm, A. peigleri Riotte, occurred in Gainesville, Florida from 1996 to 2000 (Serrano and Foltz 2003). The Manitoba oakworm, A. manitobensis McD. , was described as a sporadic pest of bur oak, Quercus macrocarpa Michaux (Fagaceae), in southern Manitoba (McGugan 1958). Criddle (1932) reported that three acres of Q. macrocarpa south of Carman was severely defoliated by A. manitobensis in 1931. Anisota manitobensis seems to maintain a low level of abundance, and was only recently located after an extensive search lasting eight years (Henne 2002). The pink-striped oakworm, A. virginiensis (Drury) occurs throughout the eastern United States and adjacent southern Canada, west to southern Manitoba (Ferguson 1971, Tuskes et al. 1996). In much of its range, A. virginiensis does not normally become sufficiently abundant to be considered a pest (Ferguson 1971). Nevertheless, it has caused occasional severe defoliation of Q. macrocarpa in Manitoba (McGugan 1958, Ives and Wong 1988) as well as in Ontario and Quebec (Hall et al. 1998). Larvae of Anisota spp. are gregarious, particularly in the early instars (Riotte and Peigler 1981) when they skeletonize leaves of their host, Quercus spp. Later instars may consume the entire leaf, except for the midvein, and are easily seen on their defoliated hosts. PARASITOID SURVEY OF Anisota virginiensis (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) AT BELAIR, MANITOBA FROM 1989-1999.
Smoking cessation intervention among Vietnamese Americans: a controlled trial

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a culturally appropriate, media-led information and education smoking cessation campaign. Design Two-year controlled trial, multicomponent programme. Subjects and setting Vietnamese men living in Santa Clara County, California, US. Main outcome measures Pretest (1990) and post-test (1992) surveys of randomly selected Vietnamese men in Santa Clara County and Houston, Texas, serving as a comparison community. Results In both 1990 and 1992, adult males in both communities were more likely to smoke if they were younger (p < 0.005), if they were more recent immigrants (p < 0.001), if they had less than a high school education (p < 0.005), or if their English proficiency was limited (p < 0.001). Between 1990 and 1992, smoking prevalence remained constant in Santa Clara County (36% in 1990; 36% in 1992), and in Houston (40% in 1990; 41% in 1992). The proportions of recent quitters, although greater in Santa Clara County than Houston, did not change significantly between pretest and post-test in either community. Conclusion The continuing high smoking prevalence rate among Vietnamese men in Santa Clara County suggests a need for continuing intervention, particularly among recent immigrants.
Escherichia coli gene products: Physiological functions and common ancestries

Knowledge about Escherichia coli genes, their gene products, and their roles in cell physiology has reached a point that invites a look at the horizon. We can look at what we know today and see it in a context of some kind of totality of knowledge about E. coli genes and their gene products that will be reached in time. Assembled here is a table of E. coli K-12 genes whose gene products are known, organized by principal physiological function, with literature references through most of 1994. We have summarized the distribution of gene products among physiological and functional categories. Also assembled is information on the amino acid sequence relatedness of E. coli proteins and classification of the functional relatedness of sequence-related pairs. These results are interpreted in the context of evolution, with the objective of understanding more about how genes evolve and ultimately of identifying the relatively small numbers of unique ancestral sequences that probably have generated the families of sequences we observe in E. coli today. We also present a compilation of multiple enzymes present in E. coli that carry out the same biochemical reaction. Some multiple enzymes are related by sequence and thus are likely to have descended from a common ancestor, but others have no apparent sequence relationship and may have derived from different ancestral sequences independently by convergent evolution, or they may have been acquired from another source by lateral transmission. We discuss the capacity for these multiple enzymes to serve as a rich resource that contributes significantly to the adaptive capability of E. coli.
Carabid beetle assemblage under diversified agroecosystems

Corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max Merrill) were planted in monoculture and strip‐intercropping plots (18.3 times 15.5 m each) under conventional tillage and no‐tillage to create differences in habitat structure. The effects of these agronomic practices on carabid beetle species composition were measured by pitfall‐trap collections during three years. Although neither the number of individuals or number of species were significantly affected by treatments, analyses of variance indicated that four of the six dominant species (75.7% of the total number of carabids captured in three years) responded to tillage treatments. Harpalus pensylvanicus DeGeer and Cyclotrachelus sodalis (LeConte) were more abundant in no‐tillage plots, whereas Pterostichus chalcites Say and Scarites substriatus Haldeman were more common in conventional tillage plots. Pterostichus chalcites was also significantly more abundant in soybean plots than in intercropping or corn plots. H. pensylvanicus, a primarily herbivorous carabid, was the most common species collected. However, P. chalcites, a predaceous carabid, was the dominant species in soybean/conventional tillage plots. The results suggest that characteristics of individual species should be carefully considered for studies of communities such as carabid beetles, which have few strongly dominant species and a wide range of resource utilization.
Micro-tuber production behaviour of some commercially important potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars

Micro-tuber production behaviour of six commercially important cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was studied under standard medium and culture conditions using ten double node cuttings per flask. Significant differences were observed among the different potato genotypes for most of the characters during in vitro tuberization. Per cent micro-tuberization and number of stolons per nodal cutting were found to be maximum in Kufri Badshah and minimum in Kufri Pukhraj. Shoots weight/flask was maximum in Kufri Anand, followed by Kufri Badshah and Kufri Pukhraj, whereas, roots weight was higher in Kufri Badshah and minimum in Kufri Surya. The number of micro-tubers/flask was maximum (14.0) in Kufri Anand, which was almost same and statistically at par with three other varieties, viz Kufri Badshah, Kufri Bahar and Kufri Chipsona 1. Micro-tubers were found to be minimum in Kufri Pukhraj (7.5 tubers/flask). Total yield of micro-tubers/flask and harvest index were also maximum in Kufri Anand (3.7g and 0.29 respectively). Average weight of micro-tubers was maximum (0.27g) in Kufri Anand, whereas, tubers were of lighter weight in Kufri Surya (0.114g). The dry matter content of freshly harvested micro-tubers was maximum in Kufri Chipsona 1(19.65%) and minimum in Kufri Anand (14.75%). The proportions of normal shaped micro-tubers were significantly higher in Kufri Badshah (99%), at par with Kufri Chipsona 1, Kufri Bahar, Kufri Anand and minimum in Kufri Pukhraj (79.2%). The proportion of micro-tubers with burst lenticels was maximum in Kufri Pukhraj (43.5%) and minimum in Kufri Badshah (0.2%).
Fertilization Characteristics of Spermatozoa Collected from Bulls Grazing Tall Fescue Pastures

v List of Tables . ix List of Figures . x Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 4 2.1 Tall Fescue Toxicosis. 4 2.2 Effects of Tall Fescue Toxicosis . 5 2. 2. 1. Issues Associated with Female Reproduction . 5 2. 2. 2. Reproduction Issues Associated with Bulls Grazing Tall Fescue . 7 2. 3. Spermatogenesis . 11 2. 3. 1. Alterations in Spermatozoa Production . 13 2. 4. The Process of Fertilization . 14 2. 5. The Remodeling of an Oocyte . 17 2. 6. Summary of Literature. 19 Chapter 3: Materials and Methods . 21 3.1 Animals and Treatments . 21 3.2 Semen Collection and Cryopreservation . 22 3.2 In Vitro Evaluation of Spermatozoa . 24 3.2.1 Penetration Assay . 29 3.2.2 Intracellular Calcium Assay . 29 3.3. Statistical Analysis . 32 3. 3. 1. Analysis I . 32 3. 3. 2. Analysis II . 32 3. 3. 3. Analysis III . 33 Chapter 4: Results. 34 4.1. Analysis 1: Bull Performance . 34 4. 1. 1. Animal Parameters . 34
The Role of PKCι in Cell Polarity, Mitosis and Cancer

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