Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Satisfaction Levels of Patients Toward Food Services at General Hospitals in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Previous studies showed that hospital food services remain to be a widespread problem all over the world. This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting satisfaction level of patients with food services in a sample of general hospitals in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. A cross sectional study was carried out in four general hospitals including 250 patients. Interview questionnaire was used for measuring satisfaction of the patients with food and food services. Results showed that (78.8%) of patients were satisfied overall with quality of food services in hospitals. Positive correlation was detected between the overall satisfaction level and the different aspects related to food and food services, the first three variables that had the strongest correlation with overall satisfaction were the taste of foods, being served with the favourite food and food appearance. Logistic regression analysis revealed that low monthly income, taste and temperature of food, attitude of staff serving food, and absence of disturbance inside, and outside the room were associated with satisfaction with hospital food and food services (p < 0.05) . Increasing the quality of foods and hospital food services increases the level of overall satisfaction with foods and food services. Ongoing education and communication with patients and dieticians is important in improving satisfaction with foodservice.
The Time for Austerity : Estimating the Average Treatment Effect of Fiscal Policy ?

Elevated government debt levels in advanced economies have risen rapidly as sovereigns absorbed privatesector losses and cyclical deficits blew up in the Global Financial Crisis and subsequent slump. A rush to fiscal austerity followed but its justifications and impacts have been heavily debated. Research on the effects of austerity on macroeconomic aggregates remains unsettled, mired by the difficulty of identifying multipliers from observational data. This paper reconciles seemingly disparate estimates of multipliers within a unified framework. We do this by first evaluating the validity of common identification assumptions used by the literature and find that they are largely violated in the data. Next, we use new propensity score methods for time-series data with local projections to quantify how contractionary austerity really is, especially in economies operating below potential. We find that the adverse effects of austerity may have been understated.
Support for hunting as a means of wolf Canis lupus population control in Sweden

The recolonising wolf Canis lupus population has created conflicts in Scandinavia, and it will eventually be necessary to control wolf numbers if the population continues to grow. One mechanism for this is hunting. Under what circumstances will the Swedish public support hunting of wolves? We examined this question for the general public and for three stakeholder groups: all hunters, the public living in areas with wolf populations and hunters living in wolf population areas. A majority of all four groups found it acceptable to hunt wolves to reduce the risk of livestock depredation (53–91%), and if wolves had been coming into populated areas (54–86%). However, about one fifth of the Swedish public was neutral to any justification, so an extreme or a well-publicised event could alter the current levels of support. The majority in all groups did not support wolf hunting merely because people were afraid of them (22–46%), or because wolves compete with humans for game (11–45%). A majority of all hunters found wolf hunting to be justified if wolves were a threat to dogs in the area, but the majority of the general public even in the wolf population areas did not find this to be appropriate justification. Our study shows the importance of surveying stakeholder groups as well as the general public to develop sound and acceptable conservation and management plans for rebounding populations of large carnivores such as wolves.
Phytochemical and pharmacological variability in Golden Thistle functional parts: comparative study of roots, stems, leaves and flowers

Abstract Scolymus hispanicus or the Golden Thistle, locally known as ‘Guernina’ or ‘Taghediwt’, is one of the most appreciated wild vegetables in Morocco. This study aims to characterise the functional chemical and pharmacological variability of Scolymus hispanicus parts (roots, stems, leaves and flowers). The chemical analysis revealed higher content of α-tocopherol in the flowers (2.79 ± 0.07 mg/100 g) and lead to the identification of 3 flavonoids and 13 phenolic acids, with high content of gallic acid in leaves (187.01 ± 10.19 mg/kg); chlorogenic (936.18 ± 92.66 mg/kg) and caffeic (4400.14 ± 191.43 mg/kg) acids in flowers, roots were much more higher in sinapic acid (0.25 ± 0.03 mg/kg) compared to the other parts. Moreover, Scolymus hispanicus ethanolic extracts exhibited interesting antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, promising anti-amylase and anti-glucosidase activities and relevant diuretic effect that confirms its traditional uses.
Expert Panels on Interventional Radiology and Vascular

Procedure Appropriateness Category US duplex Doppler lower extremity Usually Appropriate Catheter venography iliac veins Usually Not Appropriate Catheter venography lower extremity Usually Not Appropriate CTV lower extremity with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate CTV pelvis with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate MRV lower extremity without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate MRV pelvis without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate US intravascular iliac veins Usually Not Appropriate
Panel on Musculoskeletal Imaging:

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® 1 Acute Trauma to the Ankle American College of Radiology ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Acute Trauma to the Ankle Variant 1: Adult or child 5 years of age or older. Acute trauma to the ankle or acute trauma to the ankle with persistent pain for more than 1 week but less than 3 weeks. No exclusionary criteria present. Initial imaging. Patient meets the requirements for evaluation by the Ottawa Ankle Rules which are positive: 1. Inability to bear weight immediately after the injury, OR 2. Point tenderness over the medial malleolus, the posterior edge or inferior tip of the lateral malleolus, talus, or calcaneus, OR 3. Inability to ambulate for 4 steps in the emergency department.
Chronic Shoulder Pain: 1159

Procedure Appropriateness Category Relative Radiation Level Radiography shoulder Usually Appropriate ☢ US shoulder May Be Appropriate O Image-guided anesthetic +/corticosteroid injection shoulder or surrounding structures Usually Not Appropriate Varies MR arthrography shoulder Usually Not Appropriate O MRI shoulder without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O MRI shoulder without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O Bone scan shoulder Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢ CT shoulder with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢ CT shoulder without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢ CT shoulder without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢ CT arthrography shoulder Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ FDG-PET/CT skull base to mid-thigh Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢☢
Chronic Ankle Pain

Procedure Appropriateness Category Relative Radiation Level X-ray ankle Usually Appropriate ☢ Bone scan ankle Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢ US ankle Usually Not Appropriate O CT ankle without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢ CT ankle with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢ CT ankle without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢ MRI ankle without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O MRI ankle without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O
Acute Trauma to the Ankle

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® 1 Acute Trauma to the Ankle American College of Radiology ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Acute Trauma to the Ankle Variant 1: Adult or child 5 years of age or older. Acute trauma to the ankle or acute trauma to the ankle with persistent pain for more than 1 week but less than 3 weeks. No exclusionary criteria present. Initial imaging. Patient meets the requirements for evaluation by the Ottawa Ankle Rules which are positive: 1. Inability to bear weight immediately after the injury, OR 2. Point tenderness over the medial malleolus, the posterior edge or inferior tip of the lateral malleolus, talus, or calcaneus, OR 3. Inability to ambulate for 4 steps in the emergency department.
Cognitive Neuroscience Theories of Intelligence

Network neuroscience research into intelligence has emphasized two primary neurobiological mechanisms that underlie cognitive ability: the flexible, dynamic integration of multiple brain networks during information processing, and the topology and connectivity of highly-connected hub nodes that drive or coordinate network reconfiguration. Several cognitive neuroscience theories of intelligence appeal to these properties when drawing on neuroscience evidence to explain individual di ff erences in cognitive ability. In this chapter, we review
Interannual variations in Arctic winter temperature: the role of global scale teleconnections

Abstract : To skillfully predict Arctic climate, one must fully understand the conditions influencing Arctic climate on intraseasonal, interannual, and multi-decadal time scales. This study aims to improve climate support to U.S. military operations in the Arctic by exploring the interannual variations in Arctic temperature during the winter. We have found statistically significant and dynamically plausible mechanisms for the variation in January-March (JFM) 850 hectoPascal (hPa) Arctic air temperature (T850, C). We used JFM Arctic T850 data for 1970 2014 to analyze the associated global scale processes from 75N 90N via time series, composite, correlation, and teleconnection analyses. The patterns and teleconnections revealed in these analyses closely resembled those that have been associated with El Ni o-La Ni a (ENLN). Correlations between JFM Arctic T850 and ENLN, via the Multivariate El Ni o-Southern Oscillation Index (MEI), were statistically significant at lead times of zero to ten months, and showed that the MEI may be a good predictor of JFM Arctic T850. These results indicate a significant potential for the improvement of long-range climate support for U.S. Navy operations in the Arctic.
Maximizing Effect Of Mineral Fertilizers By Compost And Biofortified

: The objectives of this study were to determine if reduced rates of inorganic fertilizer coupled with biofortified composted (incorporation some plant growth rhizobacteria plus arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with compost) will produce plant growth, N and P concentration, grain and straw yield levels equivalent to those with full rates of the fertilizer and the minimum level to which fertilizer could be reduced when compost or biofortified compost were used. The amendment of soil with biofortified compost increased the proliferation of the total bacteria in the rhizosphere of wheat plants compared with compost. The application of compost enriched the rhizosphere with fungi more than the biofortified compost treatment. Compost enhanced both spore production and the percentage of mycorrhizal root colonization of wheat plants as compared with the NPK treatment, while biofortified compost highly increased both the mycorrhizal spore numbers and the percentage of mycorrhizal root colonization when supplementing 60% mineral fertilizer as compared with other treatments. Results showed that, 60% or 70% mineral fertilizer plus biofortified compost or compost, respectively produced plant growth, yield and nutrient concentration that were statistically equivalent to the full dose of mineral fertilizer without compost. Thus soil supplementing with mineral fertilizer raised the efficiency of mineral fertilizer and would decrease the required mineral fertilizer rate to plants about by 30 to 40%, in addition, to reduce the pollution of environment. Hence, use of bioorganic fertilizers as supplementary fertilization to chemical fertilization is necessary with the above mentioned advantages.
Assessment of volume segmentation in radiotherapy of adolescents; a treatment planning study by the Swedish Workgroup for Paediatric Radiotherapy

Abstract Background and purpose. The variability in target delineation for similar cases between centres treating paediatric and adolescent patients, and the apparent differences in interpretation of radiotherapy guidelines in the treatment protocols encouraged us to perform a dummy-run study as a part of our quality assurance work. The aim was to identify and quantify differences in the segmentation of target volumes and organs at risk (OARs) and to analyse the treatment plans and dose distributions. Materials and methods. Four patient cases were selected: Wilm's tumour, Hodgkin's disease, rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate and chordoma of the skull base. The five participating centres received the same patient-related material. They introduced the cases in their treatment planning system, delineated target volumes and OARs and created treatment plans. Dose-volume histograms were retrieved for relevant structures and volumes and dose metrics were derived and compared, e.g. target volumes and their concordance, dose homogeneity index (HI), treated and irradiated volumes, remaining volume at risk and relevant Vx and Dx values. Results. We found significant differences in target segmentation in the majority of the cases. The planning target volumes (PTVs) varied two- to four-fold and conformity indices were in the range of 0.3–0.6. This resulted in large variations in dose distributions to OARs as well as in treated and irradiated volumes even though the treatment plans showed good conformity to the PTVs. Potential reasons for the differences in target delineation were analysed. Conclusion. Considerations of the growing child and difficulties in interpretation of the radiotherapy information in the treatment protocols were identified as reasons for the variation. As a result, clarified translated detailed radiotherapy guidelines for paediatric/adolescent patients have been recognised as a way to reduce this variation.
Exploring Social Support in Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers in South Georgia

Migrant and Seasonal Farm Workers (MSFWs) in the United States live and work within ever changing contexts, which require researchers to take into account multiple environmental and psychosocial stressors influencing mental health. The current study examined factors of social support and social isolation for MSFWs in South Georgia. Social isolation and support characteristics were identified and examined in association with depression among 120 Latino, male, MSFWs in South Georgia. Several protective and risk factors for depression were identified. Depression symptoms varied based on MSFWs household composition, perceived social isolation stressors, the frequency in which they called home and having socially supportive relationships in the local area. Results highlight the importance of examining social support in the context of cultural and community fit. INDEX WORDS: Migrant farm worker, Latino/Hispanic, Depression, Social support EXPLORING SOCIAL SUPPORT IN MIGRANT AND SEASONAL FARMWORKERS IN SOUTH GEORGIA
PRODUCT MONOGRAPH INCLUDING PATIENT MEDICATION INFORMATION

increases significantly the levels of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) the metabolite of 5-HT in the striatum of rats. The second set shows that modafinil inhibits the in vivo cerebral outflow of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) in guinea pigs and this inhibition is abolished by the pre-treatment of the animals with ketanserine, a specific 5-HT2 antagonist but not by prazosin. Hence,  -1 receptors do not appear to be involved in the inhibitory release effect of modafinil on the GABAergic function.
Efficiency and Equity in the EU Burden Sharing Agreement

In this paper we investigate the EU Burden Sharing Agreement on the distribution of the Kyoto emission reduction target over the EU member states. We use an inverse welfare optimum approach to compute the implicit weights making the Burden Sharing Agreement a welfare optimum for the EU. This methodology enables us to visualise the efficiencyequity trade off which was made by the EU negotiators. We present simulations based on marginal carbon emission abatement cost curves estimated on data generated by the GEM-E3 Europe general equilibrium model. Our simulations reveal that the EU Burden Sharing Agreement improves in terms of cost efficiency upon a uniform reduction assignment but that substantial differences in marginal costs persist. Some poorer EU member states like Portugal and Spain have been allowed by the agreement to increase their emissions considerably but, even if we do not care about distributional justice, their allowances are too low according to the inverse optimum approach. Also Sweden, the Netherlands and Belgium should abate less in order to improve cost efficiency. On the other hand, Germany, the UK, France and Denmark should curb their emissions by more than what has been assigned to them in the EU Burden Sharing Agreement. We show that introducing a measure of inequality aversion reinforces most of these conclusions. We also apply the inverse optimum approach to a scenario in which we allow for emission trading, possibly with market power. Sensitivity analysis shows that results are rather robust with respect to assumptions concerning baseline emissions and cost functions. keywords: welfare economics, inverse optimum, emission trading, marginal abatement cost curves JEL codes: D62, D63, Q20 * Financial assistance by the Belgian Federal Government, DWTC/SSTC contract number CG/DD/243 (CLIMNEG project), is gratefully acknowledged. This paper benefited substantially from comments by participants to seminars in Leuven, Ghent, Louvain-la-Neuve and Southampton. The careful reading and stimulating suggestions of three referees and the journal’s editor improved the paper considerably but of course, all remaining errors and flaws remain ours. † Corresponding author, mailing address: KULeuven-CES-ETE, Naamsestraat 69, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. e-mail: johan.eyckmans@econ.kuleuven. ac.be. Johan Eyckmans is Postdoctoral Fellow of the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders FWO. ∗ KULeuven-CES-ETE
The Roadmap: a blueprint for evidence literacy within a Scientifically Informed Medical Practice and Learning Model

Background: A model of clinical practice that encompasses clinical relationships and choices as well as the use of clinical research has yet to be elaborated. We sought a model for Scientifically Informed Medical Practice and Learning (SIMPLE) through integrating concepts borrowed from narrative medicine with the results of a competency-based assessment project. Methods: The SIMPLE model started by subordinating the cognitive skills within an information literacy model (‘ask’, ‘acquire’, ‘appraise’ and ‘apply’) to the content of clinical actions (‘therapy’, ‘diagnosis’, ‘prognosis’ and ‘harm’). This enabled a description of problem delineation. The content of these components was developed through an iterative, reflexive approach, elaborating distinctions across all action domains. This led to the “Road Map” component of the model. Clinical action domains were defined within a relational construct. Results: We defined 3 sub-categories of Problem ( utility, performance and likelihood ) leading to shared Actions, Choices and Targets (PACT) within the SIMPLE model as a bridge between relational and information literacy fields. The enabling skill ‘ask’ and the “Patients, Interventions, Comparisons, Outcomes” (PICO) format, was applied uniformly across these categories. ‘Acquire’ was elaborated using a 3-S format (Summaries, Syntheses, Single studies) that links study designs to electronic sources (published synopses, filtered databases and large bibliographical databases). ‘Appraise’ involved evaluation of design-specific susceptibility to error and of importance of the results classified as measures of frequency, effect, impact and precision. Finally, ‘apply’ included assessment of directness of evidence, contextual issues and overall benefits versus risks. Translation of knowledge into action involved constructed priorities and preferences within the relational field. Conclusion: The Road Map enables linkage of a broad range of patient and practitioner concerns related to clinical action to a comparably broad spectrum of contemporary clinical research. It may usefully guide curricular and instructional approaches. Empirical validation in improving learning outcomes is required.
On the existence of earthquake precursors

Earthquake prediction based on precursors can aim to provide fully quantified, time-varying, synoptic forecasts, which do not depart from physical and geological principles, and are amenable to formal testing. These features are in contrast to the traditional occultist or soothsayer style of prediction. The recently-advanced, pre-emptive hypothesis that earthquakes are intrinsically unpredictable, and precursors non-existent, is also amenable to testing: it is refuted by the well-known relations between mainshocks and aftershocks. These relations show that a set of aftershocks is to a high degree predictable from the mainshock, so that, as a matter of principle, the mainshock is a precursor to its aftershocks. This result is compatible with the power-law property of seismicity, on which the unpredictability hypothesis is based. Empirical research on most precursors is difficult because of the scarcity of data, and is still largely at the anecdotal stage. Additional difficulties at the experimental stage are exemplified by the failure of the Tokai and Parkfield experiments to advance the study of precursors as planned. A comparative abundance of data is available on seismicity anomalies, and research on this type of precursor is progressing towards the operational stage.
Bond Behavior of Reinforcing Steel Bars in Thermal Insulation Concrete Exposed to Freeze-Thaw Cycles

An experimental study on the bond behavior of reinforcing steel bars in thermal insulation concrete (TIC) mixed with glazed hollow beads (GHBs) and exposed to freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles was carried out. In order to investigate the effects of GHBs on freezing and thawing, the experimental results were compared with those of normal concrete (NC). The comparison shows that, after 300 F-T cycles, both bond behavior and mechanical properties of the TIC specimens are better than those of the NC specimens. Furthermore, in order to investigate the mechanism of frost effect on TIC, the CT scanning method was used to investigate the evolution of the inner structure of a TIC specimen exposed to F-T cycles. The CT images show that the deterioration of bond performance and mechanical properties of the TIC specimen appears to be caused by the increase of micropores in the TIC.