Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep Manifold Prior-Supplementary Material A . Convolutional

In the main paper, we experimented with fully connected architectures for representing manifold parametrizations. However, parametrizations represented by convolutional architectures also induce a prior useful for manifold reconstruction tasks. In this section, we show experiments with denoising and single-view reconstruction. We start by defining a ConvBlock, which consists of a bilinear upsampling layer followed by a 2D-conv, batch normalization [5] and Leaky ReLU activation (slope=0.2). Every convolutional layer uses filter size 3 × 3, stride 1 and the number of filters is exactly half the number of its input channels. In other words, at every ConvBlock, the output tensor spatially doubles the size of its input tensor, but only has half the number of channels. This pattern follows throughout the whole network, except for the last layer, where the output layer always have 3 channels, representing the (x, y, z) point coordinates.
Electrode effects of a cellulose-based electro-active paper energy harvester

The possibility of cellulose-based electro-active paper (EAPap) as a vibrational energy transducer was investigated in this paper. Thin cellulose EAPap film specimens were prepared by the regenerating process. Three different metal electrodes of gold, silver and aluminum were deposited on a 50 × 50 mm2 cellulose film using a thermal evaporator. An aluminum cantilever beam was used as a vibrational bender and EAPap was attached close to the root of the cantilever beam. The voltage output of the EAPap was measured under harmonic base excitation of the cantilever beam. The EAPap with aluminum electrode provided the largest open circuit voltage output compared to those with gold or silver electrodes. The output voltages of the EAPap increased linearly with increase of the area of the electrodes. The output voltages also increased with increasing input acceleration but became saturated at a certain magnitude. From the experimental results, we conclude that EAPap with metal electrodes can be used as a flexible energy harvesting transducer by external mechanical stress, and the output voltage is related to the electrode material due to its work function.
A novel wrist rehabilitation exoskeleton using 3D-printed multi-segment mechanism

Wrist rehabilitation exoskeleton can effectively assist wrist recovery from stroke. However, current wrist rehabilitation devices have shortcomings such as heavy weight, uncertain motion trajectory, etc. This paper proposes a wrist rehabilitation robot driven by 3D-printed multi-segment mechanism to realize wrist rehabilitation in three degrees of freedom. We conducted three tests including bearing force, rehabilitation trajectory, range of motion tests. The results prove this exoskeleton can provide enough force and torque, and it can achieve larger range of motion within the same motor displacement, that makes it more compact and lighter in hardware and less expensive in cost. Moreover, its motion trajectory can be controlled and stable, that makes it more applicable for real application in human rehabilitation.Clinical Relevance— Stroke is the leading cause of hemiplegia, and this symptom usually degrades patients’ living standard and flexibility. This device can offer patients stable wrist rehabilitation training in three degrees of freedom with compact and lightweight characteristics.
A Geometric Approach to Quantum Entanglement Classification

Quantum entanglement represents one of the fundamental differences between classical and quantum physics, with crucial roles in quantum information theory, superdense coding and quantum teleportation among others. A particularly simple description of entanglement of quantum states arises in the setting of complex algebraic geometry, via the Segre embedding. This is a map of algebraic varieties that serves as a tensor product and allows to detect separable (non-entangled states). In this thesis, we review the main fetaures of the geometric approach to entanglement. We focus on SLOCC equivalence, which is defined as the set of possible states that a quantum state may transform into. We construct generalisations of previous results for concrete instances, giving a classification formula for all states. Some applications concerning quantum information are also given.
Application of Neural Networks to Estimate AADT on Low-Volume Roads

Artificial neural networks are applied as a means of estimating the average annual daily traffic (AADT) volume from short-period traffic counts. Fifty-five automatic traffic recorder sites located on low-volume rural roads in Alberta, Canada are studied. The neural network models used in this study are based on a multilayered, feedforward, and back-propagation design for supervised learning. The AADT estimation errors resulting from various durations and frequencies of counts are analyzed by computing average and percentile errors. The results of this study indicate a clear preference for two 48-h counts as compared to other frequencies (one or three) or durations (24- or 72-h) of counts. In fact, the 95th percentile error values of about 25% for the neural network models compare favorably with the values reported in the literature for low-volume roads using the traditional factor approach. A number of advantages of the neural network approach over the traditional factor approach of AADT estimation are al.
Harmonic Analysis Using FFT and STFT

Now a day’s Harmonic distortion has been a significant problem to maintain power quality. It is very essential to analyze of power signal and find different harmonics. Some harmonics in the power signals are harmful to sensitive equipments and also causes to power loss. It is therefore important to find such harmonics and use different harmonic mitigation techniques to get clean/pure signal for safe operation of the connected equipments and minimize Power loss. Harmonic distortion is the corruption of the fundamental sine wave at frequencies that are multiples of the fundamental. Aim of this paper is extraction of fundamental and harmonic components in voltage/current signal using FFT & STFT, plot the stylized spectrum of distorted signal in MATLAB with power system frequency and classify the subtypes of harmonics, study the different characteristics and calculate total harmonic distortion (THD) that will be useful for solving problems related to power quality.
Open resonators powered by a rectangular waveguide

In the paper, by taking into account both diffraction and ohmic losses, a complete analysis of the excitation of an open resonator is developed. The coupling between the rectangular feeding waveguide and the cavity is fully considered, by taking into account all the relevant modes in the waveguide and the open cavity, in order to derive the coupling coefficients. A simple equivalent circuit which accurately describes the cavity excitation as well as the waveguide-cavity coupling, is also derived and validated.
Vitamin D related genetic polymorphisms affect serological response to high-dose vitamin D supplementation in multiple sclerosis

Introduction A poor 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status is a much replicated risk factor for developing multiple sclerosis (MS), and several vitamin D-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with a higher risk of MS. However, studies on the benefit of vitamin D supplementation in MS show inconclusive results. Here, we explore whether vitamin D-associated SNPs and MS risk alleles confound serological response to vitamin D supplementation. Methods 34 participants from the SOLARIUM study consented to genotyping, of which 26 had vitamin D data available. The SOLARIUM study randomised relapsing-remitting MS patients to placebo or 14,000 IU vitamin D3 for 48 weeks. Participants were categorised as either ‘carriers’ or ‘non-carriers’ of the risk allele for 4 SNPs: two related to D binding protein (DBP) and associated with lower 25(OH)D levels (rs4588 and rs7041), and two related to vitamin D metabolism enzymes CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 and associated with a higher risk of MS (rs12368653; rs2248359, respectively). 25(OH)D levels were determined at baseline and after 48 weeks. Results The DBP-related SNPs showed no difference in 25(OH)D status at baseline, but carriers of the rs7041 risk allele showed lower 25(OH)D-levels compared to non-carriers after 48 weeks of supplementation (median 224.2 vs. 332.0 nmol/L, p = 0.013). For CYP related SNPs, neither showed a difference at baseline, but carriers of the rs12368653 risk allele showed higher 25(OH)D-levels compared to non-carriers after 48 weeks of supplementation (median 304.1 vs. 152.0 nmol/L, p = 0.014). Discussion Vitamin D-related SNPs affect the serological response to high-dose vitamin D supplementation. The effects on more common doses of vitamin D, as well as the clinical consequence of this altered response, need to be investigated further.
Immunodeficiency Accelerates Vitamin A Deficiency

ABSTRACT Background Vitamin A deficiency increases susceptibility to infection caused by impaired immune function. Objectives We investigated whether immunodeficiency could facilitate the development of vitamin A deficiency. Methods Vitamin A deficiency was followed in 2 mouse models of immunodeficiency: the athymic nude mouse (nu/nu) and the humoral immunodeficient SENCAR (SENsitive to CARcinogenesis) mouse. Vitamin A deficiency was also monitored in outbred Balb/c and in NIH mice. The monitoring of vitamin A deficiency was done after feeding the mice and their mothers a semisynthetic, vitamin A–deficient diet from birth of the experimental mice. These mice were weaned onto the same deficient diet at 3–4 wk of age, while control groups were fed the same diet containing 3 μg retinoic acid per gram of diet. Results The immunodeficient nu/nu and SENCAR mice developed vitamin A deficiency earlier than either the heterozygous nu/+ controls or the Balb/c and NIH strains. In female mice, symptoms included depletion of liver retinol and retinyl palmitate, squamous metaplasia of the uterus, and death. Male mice lost weight more frequently and sooner than female mice, in which mortality generally occurred in the absence of loss of body weight. Pairwise comparisons using Tukey's honest significant difference test of the nu/nu and SENCAR mice versus the Balb/c and NIH mice showed a faster loss of retinol and retinyl palmitate in all pairs (P ≤ 0.0001) except for retinol when comparing nu/nu and NIH strains (P = 0.3383). Conclusions Our findings are consistent with an increased usage of liver retinol and retinyl palmitate in the immunocompromised nu/nu and in the immunodeficient SENCAR mice and suggest that compensatory mechanisms dependent on vitamin A utilization are called upon to rescue immunodeficiency both in the T-cell–deficient phenotype of the nu/nu mice and in the humoral immunodeficient SENCAR mice.
An improved two-dimensional coupled electrostatic-mechanical model for RF MEMS switches

An improved two-dimensional (2D) coupled electrostatic-mechanical model for RF-MEMS shunt-capacitive switches is presented, where both axial and residual stresses in the bridge of the switch are considered. The electrostatic model is based on solving Laplace's equation in the different homogenous regions using the finite difference method (FDM), while Gauss's law is employed at the interface nodes between the different media. The mechanical model is based on solving the beam equation using the FDM, where the quadratic interpolation is used to approximate the derivatives. The interaction between the mechanical and electrostatic models is considered iteratively. The coupled model results in an accurate determination of the capacitance of the switch, the induced charges and forces on the membrane, and the beam deformation in terms of the biasing voltage. The pull-down voltage is also calculated for different structures and agrees well with the published data. The presented model gives accurate results in a quite short CPU time.
Evaluation of acetamiprid and azoxystrobin residues and their hormonal disrupting effects on male rats using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Endocrine-disrupting compounds as pesticides affect the hormonal balance, and this can result in several diseases. Therefore, the analysis of representative hormones with acetamiprid (AC) and azoxystrobin (AZ) was a good strategy for the investigation of the endocrine-disrupting activity of pesticides. Hence, a sensitive and rapid analytical method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed. The method was validated for the analysis of AC, AZ, estriol, estrone, progesterone, and testosterone in the serum, testis, and liver of rats. The correlation between the residues of pesticides and the disturbance of the endocrine system was evaluated. The different mass parameters, mobile phase types, analytical columns, injection volumes, and extraction solvents were compared to get the lowest limit of detection of the studied compounds. The detection limits of AC, AZ, estriol, estrone, progesterone, and testosterone were 0.05, 0.05, 1.0, 10, and 1.0 ng/ml, respectively. The method developed was applied to evaluate the changes in these hormones induced by the duration of exposure to AC and AZ in rat testis and serum. The hormones level in rat serum and testis had a significant decrease as they were oral gavage treated with different high concentrations of studied pesticides. Both pesticides were distributed in the body of rats by the multi-compartment model (liver, testis, and serum).
The early childhood inhibitory touchscreen task: A new measure of response inhibition in toddlerhood and across the lifespan

Research into the earliest development of inhibitory control is limited by a lack of suitable tasks. In particular, commonly used inhibitory control tasks frequently have too high language and working memory demands for children under 3 years of age. Furthermore, researchers currently tend to shift to a new set of inhibitory control tasks between infancy, toddlerhood, and early childhood, raising doubts about whether the same function is being measured. Tasks that are structurally equivalent across age could potentially help resolve this issue. In the current report, a new response inhibition task, the Early Childhood Inhibitory Touchscreen Task (ECITT), was developed. This task can be minimally modified to suit different ages, whilst remaining structurally equivalent. In the new task, participants have to overcome a tendency to respond to a frequently rewarded location on a touchscreen and instead make an alternative response. The ECITT was validated in three independent studies (with additional data, N = 166, reported in Supporting Information). In Study 1 (N = 81), cross-sectional data indicated that inhibitory performance on the task improved significantly between 24 and 30 months of age. In Study 2 (N = 38), longitudinal data indicated steady improvement in inhibitory control between 18, 21 and 24 months, with significant stability in individual performance differences between each consecutive age in terms of accuracy (but not in terms of reaction time). Finally, in Study 3 (N = 64), inhibitory performance on a faster-paced version of the same task showed a similar developmental course across the lifespan (4–84 years) to other response inhibition tasks and was significantly correlated with Stop-signal performance. The ECITT extends the assessment of response inhibition earlier than previous tasks–into early toddlerhood. Because the task is simple and structurally equivalent across age, future longitudinal studies should benefit from using the ECITT to investigate the development of inhibitory control in a consistent manner across the toddler years and beyond.
Combining research and design: A mixed methods approach aimed at understanding and optimising inpatient medication storage systems

Background Almost every patient admitted to hospital will receive medication during their stay. Medication errors are an important cause of patient morbidity and mortality, as well as an economic burden for healthcare institutions. Research suggests that current methods of storing medication on hospital wards are not fit for purpose, contributing to inefficiency and error. Aim To improve medication storage in inpatient areas, by exploring variation and challenges related to medication storage and designing a prototype solution. Methods Set in four hospitals in an English teaching hospital trust, the study used a mixed methods approach comprising a quantitative descriptive survey of storage facilities and practices followed by mixed methods observations of medication rounds and interviews with patients, nurses and pharmacy staff. Quantitative data were presented descriptively and qualitative data analysed thematically and using a human-centered design approach. Results We identified wide variation in medication storage facilities and practices across 77 wards. Observations and staff interviews in six wards revealed five problem areas: poor management of multiple storage facilities; lack of visibility and organisation of medication within trolleys; inadequate size of storage; lack of ownership and knowledge of standard practice; and use of key locks. Patients were largely satisfied with receiving their medication. Systematic and consistent physical organisation of medication in medication trolleys, and integrating and implementing principles of best practice, were identified as areas for intervention. Discussion and conclusion Variation in medication storage facilities and practices existed both across the organization and on individual wards. Multiple challenges were identified in how medication was stored, which if addressed may improve the efficiency and safety of medication administration and in turn, staff and patient experience. The use of design principles alongside a research approach resulted in a rapid, iterative process for developing and refining potential solutions to improve inpatient medication storage.
An On-Water Analysis System for Quantifying Stroke Force Characteristics during Kayak Events

A system was developed to quantify the on-water forces, impulse, and power generated by a kayak paddlet. The system is lightweight (<1 kg), portable (i.e., it can be used in single [Kl], double [K2], and fours [K4] boats), and does not affect the integrity of either the kayak paddle or the boat. Changes in the strain on the kayak paddle were measured by force transducers attached to the shaft of the paddle, and these signals were then recorded on an FM tape recorder located in the boat. The data were then analyzed by the Kayak Data Acquisition and Analysis System software which graphically presented the paddlers' force time curve as well as a printed tabular report on the paddlers' average force, impulse, work, power, and the instantaneous boat velocity.
The impact of hypoglycemia on quality of life and related outcomes in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review

Objective To conduct a systematic review to examine associations between hypoglycemia and quality of life (QoL) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Methods Four databases (Medline, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO) were searched systematically in November 2019 and searches were updated in September 2021. Studies were eligible if they included children and/or adolescents with type 1 diabetes, reported on the association between hypoglycemia and QoL (or related outcomes), had a quantitative design, and were published in a peer-reviewed journal after 2000. A protocol was registered the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42020154023). Studies were evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal tool. A narrative synthesis was conducted by outcome and hypoglycemia severity. Results In total, 27 studies met inclusion criteria. No hypoglycemia-specific measures of QoL were identified. Evidence for an association between SH and (domains) of generic and diabetes-specific QoL was too limited to draw conclusions, due to heterogenous definitions and operationalizations of hypoglycemia and outcomes across studies. SH was associated with greater worry about hypoglycemia, but was not clearly associated with diabetes distress, depression, anxiety, disordered eating or posttraumatic stress disorder. Although limited, some evidence suggests that more recent, more frequent, or more severe episodes of hypoglycemia may be associated with adverse outcomes and that the context in which hypoglycemia takes places might be important in relation to its impact. Conclusions There is insufficient evidence regarding the impact of hypoglycemia on QoL in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes at this stage. There is a need for further research to examine this relationship, ideally using hypoglycemia-specific QoL measures.
Walking on the bright side: Associations between affect, depression, and gait

Background Psychomotor change is a core symptom of depression and one of the criteria in diagnosing depressive disorders. Research suggests depressed individuals demonstrate deviations in gait, or walking, compared to non-depressed controls. However, studies are sparse, often limited to older adults and observational gait assessment. It is also unclear if gait changes are due to dysregulation of affect, a core feature of depression. The current study addressed this gap by investigating the relation between positive and negative affect, depressive symptom severity, and gait in young adults. Methods Using three-dimensional motion capture, gait parameters (velocity, stride length, and step time) were attained from 90 young adults during a task where they walked ten meters at their own pace overground in a laboratory for ten minutes. Self-report measures of mood and affect were collected. Results On average, the study population reported high negative and low positive affect. Contrary to our hypotheses, hierarchical regressions demonstrated no significant associations between gait parameters and affective or depressive symptoms (ps>.05). Conclusions Our findings do not support a relation between affective symptoms and gait parameters. The results may indicate age-dependent gait pathology or that other symptoms of depression may influence gait more strongly than affect. They may also reflect an observational bias of gait changes in depressed young adults, one that is unsupported by objective data. Replication is warranted to further examine whether affective symptomology is embodied via gait differences in young adults.
Constructed Measures and Causal Inference Towards a New Model of Measurement for Psychosocial Constructs

Epidemiology • Volume 33, Number 1, January 2022 www.epidem. com | 141 ISSN: 1044-3983/22/331-141 DOI: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000001434 Submitted July 1, 2020; accepted October 5, 2021 From the aDepartments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Supported by NIH R01 CA222147. Supplemental digital content is available through direct URL citations in the HTML and PDF versions of this article (www.epidem.com). Correspondence: Tyler J. VanderWeele, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston MA 02115. E-mail: tvanderw@hsph.harvard. edu.