Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maser Source-Finding Methods in HOPS

Abstract The H2O Southern Galactic Plane Survey (HOPS) has observed 100 deg2 of the Galactic plane, using the Mopra radio telescope to search for emission from multiple spectral lines in the 12-mm band (19.5–27.5 GHz). Perhaps the most important of these spectral lines is the 22.2-GHz water-maser transition. We describe the methods used to identify water-maser candidates and subsequent confirmation of the sources. Our methods involve a simple determination of likely candidates by searching peak emission maps, utilising the intrinsic nature of water-maser emission, spatially unresolved and spectrally narrow-lined. We estimate completeness limits and compare our method with results from the duchamp source finder. We find that the two methods perform similarly. We conclude that the similarity in performance is due to the intrinsic limitation of the noise characteristics of the data. The advantages of our method are that it is slightly more efficient in eliminating spurious detections and is simple to implement. The disadvantage is that it is a manual method of finding sources and so is not practical on datasets much larger than HOPS, or for datasets with extended emission that needs to be characterised. We outline a two-stage method for the most efficient means of finding masers, using duchamp.
Oil price volatility, investment and sectoral responses: The Thai experience

ABSTRACT:This paper investigates the nexus between investment and oil price volatility in the context of a developing industrialised economy, Thailand. In the post Asian Crisis era, Thailand has been on a steady phase of recovery with industrial expansion as well as revival of investment and output growth. A significant portion of such growth is attributable to investment growth in metal products, machineries and other transportable goods which are the energy dependent industries. Implicit in these phenomena is the need to further scrutinise the impact of the exogenous shock emanating from uncertainty in oil market on the scale of investment in various sectors of the Thai economy. Using a threshold-based components generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (CGARCH) model, the oil price volatility is decomposed into permanent and transitory volatilities. The oil price volatility components are then analysed in a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) framework, along with investment and other key macroeconomic variables. Dynamic impulse response functions obtained from the SVAR model reveal significant dampening effects of the conditional and transitory oil price volatility shocks on Thailand’s aggregate and sectoral level investments. The impulse responses clearly indicate that as the temporary volatility in oil price rises, total investment decreases significantly. At sectoral level, the responses of investments in food and textiles products suggest a significant dampening effect on investments due to shocks in both the conditional and transitory volatilities of oil prices. In contrast, a shock in the permanent volatility leads to only a small decline in investment in this sector, and for only about a quarter. Similar effects were also observed for other transportable goods, consisting primarily of wood products, furniture, and cork, straw and plaiting materials. The investment in the business services sector, which comprises investment in real estate services, does not exhibit any significant effects of shocks in the conditional, permanent and transitory volatilities of oil prices. The findings of this study have important implications for policy. Firstly, since the Thai economy is relatively energy intensive, any dynamic shock emanating from energy market will be detrimental to investment and economic growth. Secondly, the significant and stronger adverse effects of the temporary oil volatility point to the absence of insurance markets for guarding against any volatility risks, or the lack of managerial expertise for identifying and accommodating the negative impacts of a heightened transitory or permanent oil price volatility. Thirdly, firms operating in energy-dependent industries ought to remain vigilant especially in regards to weather adverse impacts of any transitory volatility of oil prices.
Determinants of Global Income Inequality : Concerns and Evidence about the Neoliberal Paradigm ∗

This paper analyses the main drivers of global income inequality while testing some of the most relevant economic theories on inequality evolution. We run fixed effects regressions on four different income inequality measures, using a panel of 157 countries, for the period 1960-2015. We find evidence that, while labor market reforms and unemployment were two upturning drivers of inequality, governments have an important rebalancing role, despite their decreased size. Furthermore, although social and political globalization reduced inequality, overall globalization and the widening of financial systems increased inequality. These findings suggest that the 1980s transition from post-war regulated capitalism to neoliberal capitalism led to a worldwide upsurge of inequality within countries. The effect of liberalization on inequality is confirmed when we perform a causal analysis using the European Eastern Bloc transition of the 1990s as a quasi-experiment.
Corporate Financing Choices after the 2007-2008 Financial Crisis

We study the factors that, arguably, affect the probability of a new borrower choosing between structured finance (SF), either project finance (PF) loans or asset securitization (AS) bonds, and straight debt finance (SDF) – corporate bonds (CB) – transactions using a large cross section of 24,435 Western European loans and bonds issued between January 1st, 2000 and December 31st, 2011. Borrowers chose an SF transaction when they seek long-term financing and when they operate in a country with lower sovereign rating. Findings suggest that industrials, utilities, transportation, and governmental borrowers exhibit a higher likelihood of an SF transaction, more specifically, a PF transaction. Several macroeconomic factors, like market interest rate levels and volatility, and the slope of the Euro swap curve, positively influence the probability of observing an SF over an SDF transaction. The 2007-2008 financial crisis and the subsequent European sovereign debt crisis decrease the probability of observing an AS transaction. During the crisis, macroeconomic factors seem to significantly influence the probability of a sponsor to choose SF over SDF. We also find that credit spreads and loan to value ratios have a significant negative relationship for AS bonds. Overall, findings are in line with security design literature. SF transactions or instruments, based on extensively contractual and security design, allow the reduction of the net costs associated with asymmetric information and agency conflicts.
Rheological effect on thermocapillary flow of a liquid film jet painted on a moving boundary

In the present paper, a liquid (or melt) film of relatively high temperature ejected from a vessel and painted on the moving solid film is analyzed by using the second-order fluid model of the non-Newtonian fluid. The thermocapillary flow driven by the temperature gradient on the free surface of a Newtonian liquid film was discussed before. The effect of rheological fluid on thermocapillary flow is considered in the present paper. The analysis is based on the approximations of lubrication theory and perturbation theory. The equation of liquid height and the process of thermal hydrodynamics of the non-Newtonian liquid film are obtained, and the case of weak effect of the rheological fluid is solved in detail.
Analytical models for concentrator and diffuser augmented wind turbines: A review

Energy from wind is envisaged as one of the second largest inexhaustible and clean green energy resource around the world. It has the potential of replacing fossil fuel based energy, which has high carbon dioxide emissions contributing to global warming. In addition, wind energy can provide power in remote areas which are not connected to the national electricity grids. In wind energy technology, wind turbines convert wind energy to electricity. However, most commercially available wind turbines are made for wind speeds greater than 5m/s, therefore fail to operate in areas with low wind speeds. Innovative ways of improving the wind power output include the use of concentrators and diffusers. Although there are notable experimental and computational fluid dynamics researches on concentrator – diffuser augmented wind turbines (CDAWTs), attempts to develop analytical to semi-empirical models are extremely scarce. Only analytical models for diffuser augmented wind turbines (DAWTs) dominate in literature. In this work, a comprehensive review of previously developed analytical models is presented. The information will assist researchers to comprehend current research efforts and to discover the knowledge gaps so as to develop accurate analytical models that incorporate CDAWTs structure. In this review, existing analytical models fail the validity tests due to their underlying assumptions which give incomplete explanations of the major flow phenomena. Once all these issues are considered, an analytical model that predicts accurately the power output of CDAWTs can be developed. This will be a step in the right direction in designing and constructng the CDAWTs for
PULMONARY DISEASE AND HAIR-SPRAY POLYMERS: EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM EXPOSURE OF DOGS.

Since 1958, when a possible relationship between lung disease and hair-spray inhalation was suggested,1a large and controversial body of literature has been devoted to this subject.2-5In a previous article inThe Journal,6considerable doubt was expressed as to the existence of hair-spray "thesaurosis" as a clinical entity. The authors were unable to experimentally reproduce characterizable thesaurosis lesions using stringent exposure conditions in animals. The periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining of tissue, purported to demonstrate hair-spray polymers specifically, was shown to be completely useless as a diagnostic tool. More important, a large number of well-established clinical conditions were shown to exhibit histological changes indistinguishable from those asserted to exist in thesaurosis; these included sarcoidosis, zirconium and beryllium toxicity, and infections withHistoplasma capsulatum, Treponema pallidum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, andM leprae. Schepers7also has clearly demonstrated the presence of intracytoplasmic PAS-positive granules identical to those supposedly present
ROLE OF SELF -EFFICACY FOR MANAGING CONFLICT IN SERVICE SECTOR

This study investigated the role of self -efficacy, as an individual predisposition, on preference of conflict resolution ways in service organizations. This was for the purpose of ascertaining the relative impact of self -efficacy (high or low) on conflictresolution ways towards ensuring sustainable peace and harmony. The sample was composed of 151 participants (middle and upper level managers) working in a service sector. Conflict Resolution Questionnaire (Marcus Henning) and the General Self -efficacy Scal e (Dhar) were used to measure conflict -management ways and self-efficacy, respectively. Results of mean analysis and t -test revealed that individuals high in self -efficacy view conflict positively, create an effective atmosphere and likely to use the integ rating style, by discussing various options with broader perspective and try to find out a solution acceptable to both opposing parties, whereas individuals with low self -efficacy prefer to use distributive styles.
Uniform null controllability for a parabolic equations with discontinuous diffusion coefficient

In this article, we study the null-controllability of a heat equation in a domain composed of two media of different constant conductivities. In particular, we are interested in the behavior of the system when the conductivity of the medium on which the control does not act goes to infinity, corresponding at the limit to a perfectly conductive medium. In that case, and under suitable geometric conditions, we obtain a uniform null-controllability result. Our strategy is based on the analysis of the controllability of the corresponding wave operators and the transmutation technique, which explains the geometric conditions.
Supplier-customer relationship performance in construction industry

Business relationships are seen as having positive links to performance but little is known about the nature of this performance. The purpose of this paper is to show the sales managers' performance relationship (operationalized based on B2B-RELPERF) in construction industry. The research was conducted among companies from construction industry which is perceived as focused on time limited projects, switching suppliers from one project to another which makes it difficult to develop long term relationships with customers.
Proving content validity of self-regulated learning scale (The comparison of Aiken index and expanded Gregory index)

This study aims to prove the content validity of the self-regulated learning (SRL) scale using Likert model and multiple-choice model with content validity coefficient based on expert assessments with Aiken formula and expanded Gregory formula. In this study, the SRL scale with Likert and multiple-choice model are developed using the same outline/format. There are three experts who assess the items' relevancy using indicators of both scale formats. The results of the expert assessments are then used to calculate the coefficient of the validity with Aiken formula and the expanded Gregory formula. The results showed that the content validity coefficient based on expert assessment on Likert and multiple-choice format with Aiken formula is at 0.9 for each, while using the Aiken formula and expanded Gregory formula, the coefficient is 0.6 for Likert, and 0.8 for multiple-choice.
Bovicin HC 5 , a bacteriocin from Streptococcus bovis HC 5 Hila ! rio

3 Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Previous work indicated that Streptococcus bovis HC5 had significant antibacterial activity, and even nisin-resistant S. bovis JB1 cells could be strongly inhibited. S. bovis HC5 inhibited a variety of Gram-positive bacteria and the spectrum of activity was similar to monensin, a commonly used feed additive. The crude extracts (ammonium sulfate precipitation) were inactivated by Pronase E and trypsin, but the activity was resistant to heat, proteinase K and α-chymotrypsin. Most of the antibacterial activity was cell associated, but it could be liberated by acidic NaCl (100 mM, pH 2<0) without significant cell lysis. When glycolysing S. bovis JB1 cells were treated with either crude or acidic NaCl extracts, intracellular potassium declined and this result indicated the antibacterial activity was mediated by a pore-forming peptide. The peptide could be purified by HPLC and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight analysis indicated that it had a molecular mass of approximately 2440 Da. The terminal amino acid sequence was VGXRYASXPGXSWKYVXF. The unnamed amino acid residues (designated by X) had approximately the same position as dehydroalanines found in some lantibiotics, but samples that were reduced and alkylated prior to Edman degradation did not have cysteine residues. The only other bacteriocin that had significant similarity was the lantibiotic precursor of Streptococcus pyogenes SF370, but the identity was only 55%. Based on these results, the bacteriocin of S. bovis HC5 appears to be novel and the authors now designate it as bovicin HC5.
Prevalence and Predictors of Menstruation-related School Absenteeism Among Adolescent Girls in Rural Northern Ghana

Background: Although menstruation is a normal physiological process that begins in girls during adolescence, it has the potential to negatively impact on the self-esteem and education of girls particularly those from low- and middle-income countries. We investigated the prevalence and predictors of menstruation-related school absenteeism among adolescent girls in the Talensi district of rural northern Ghana. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 705 adolescent girls aged 12-19 years who had attained menarche. The sample size was estimated using Epi Info version 6 at 95% confidence interval and a 5% margin of error. A two-stage sampling technique was employed to recruit participants. We conducted univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to determine factors associated with menstruation-related school absenteeism which was defined as “being absent from school due to menstruation-related issues during the last menstruation. ” Results: The prevalence of menstruation-related school absenteeism was 27.5%. School absenteeism ranged from one to seven days during the menstrual period. Older adolescent girls, (aOR=2.38, 95% CI: 1.29 – 4.40), use of cloth as a sanitary material at the last menstruation, (aOR=3.21, 95% CI: 2.22 – 4.63), and cultural restriction, (aOR=2.54, 95% CI: 1.76 – 3.67) were associated with higher odds of menstruation-related school absenteeism. Meanwhile, girls from moderate income parent(s), [aOR=0.57 95% CI: 0.34 – 0.94] had lower odds of menstruation-related school absenteeism. Mother’s education and privacy in school were only significant at the univariate level. Conclusions: The prevalence of menstruation-related school absenteeism highlights the need for interventions aimed at improving the availability of sanitary pads for girls, eliminating cultural restrictions associated with menstruation, and also improving parent(s) income level.
Forecasting Inflation Using Constant Gain Least Squares

This paper assesses the usefulness of constant gain least squares when forecasting inflation. An out-of-sample forecast exercise is conducted, in which univariate autoregressive models for inflation in Australia, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States are used. The results suggest that it is possible to improve the forecast accuracy by employing constant gain least squares instead of ordinary least squares. In particular, when using a gain of 0.05, constant gain least squares generally outperforms the corresponding autoregressive model estimated with ordinary least squares. In fact, at longer forecast horizons, the root mean square forecast error is reliably lowered for all four countries and for all lag lengths considered in the study.
Macro-effects of higher capital and liquidity requirements for banks

The crisis has demonstrated that the ability of banks to absorb shocks needs to be strengthened. The financial tensions that have emerged repeatedly since 2007 could assume such serious proportions because the exposure of the banks was too high and too risky in relation to their capital reserves. As a result, they had too little capacity to absorb the losses on the market positions they had taken and on the loans they had granted. Banks were forced to respond by reducing their highrisk positions. The liquidity buffers held by banks were also generally inadequate, making them vulnerable when market liquidity dried up. Against this backdrop, investors lost confidence at the height of the crisis in the autumn of 2008, and governments had to step in by recapitalising some banks and guaranteeing bank debts. Central banks made liquidity more readily available because the banks were unable to raise funding in the markets, including the interbank market.
Properties of AGNs selected by their mid-IR colours: evidence for a physically distinct mode of black hole growth

We study the narrow emission line properties and stellar populations of a sample of 1385 AGN selected to have strong excess emission at mid-infrared wavelengths based on comparing Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer W1-W2 band colours with optical stellar absorption line indicators. Our goal is to understand whether the physical conditions in the interstellar medium of these objects differ from those of local AGN selected by their optical emission line ratios. To enable this comparison, we construct a control sample of 50,000 optically-selected AGN with the same redshifts that do not have strong mid-IR excess emission. The mid-IR excess and control samples differ strongly in [OIII] line luminosity, ionized gas excitation mechanism, ionization state and electron density. We show that the radio-detected, mid-IR excess AGN constitute the most luminous and highly ionized AGN in the local Universe and they contribute primarily to the growth of black holes in the most massive galaxies. At least half of this black hole growth is occurring in galaxies with recent starbursts. The morphologies of these systems indicate that the starbursts have probably been triggered by galaxy-galaxy mergers and interactions. The most luminous AGN in our mid-IR excess sample have properties that are similar to the Type II quasars studied at higher redshifts. In contrast, the control sample constitute a class of lower ionization, less luminous AGN in more quiescent galaxies that contribute primarily to the growth of low mass black holes.
Issues In Subtest Profile Analysis

M ore than 250 million standardized tests arc ,Hlrninisrcrcd to puhlic school students each year in the United States (Sal via & Yssddykc, 1998). Although mll ch $choolbased testing is accomplis hed in groups, a substantial nu mber of standardized tt:StS are also employed in individual evaluations. For eX:lmple~ millions of children served in special education programs have particip:m:d ;n individ ual ps),choedl1cation;:l\ evalu<lt ions (U.S. Department of Educarion, 100'1). Individual evaluations to determi ne special educ::t rion ehgibllity often include a srand.udized measure of intellectual function ill~. Of rhe ava ilable mdividua l intelligence rests, the \'{fcchslcr $t:a! cs arc the most frequently used (Ka ufman & lichtenberger, 2000). Among sdltlol-age t:hildrell, the \Vechsler Im elligence Scale for Children (WISC; Wechsler, 1949), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for ChilJr~n-R(;viscd (WrSC-R; Wechsler, 1974), and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for ChildrcrlThi rd Edi tion (WISC-I1I; Wechsler, 1991) have been the most pop ular (Kamphaus, Petoskey, & Rowe, 2000; Oak· land & HIl, 1992) fo r decades. Typically, interpreta tion of individual 111tdl igence tests is based on a hierarchical, top-down model that first considers the globa l IQ scores. Next, to extract more information from lhe lest, distinct p,u [(; rns or profiles of subtest scores are . malyzed.
Experimental and Numerical Investigations into the Failure Mechanisms of TRIP700 Steel Sheets

The formability and failure behavior of TRIP steel blanks were investigated through various stress states. The forming limit diagram (FLD) at fracture is constructed both experimentally and numerically. Numerical studies are performed to evaluate the applicability of different damage criteria in predicting the FLD as well as complex cross-die deep drawing process. The fracture surface and numerical results revealed that the material failed in a different mode for different strain path. Therefore, Tresca model which is based on shear stress accurately predicted the conditions where shear had the profound effect on the damage initiation, whereas Situ localized necking criterion was able to calculate the conditions which localization was dominant.