Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of the mitochondrial thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase antioxidant system in dopaminergic cell death, The

Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the etiology of numerous neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease (PD). While mitochondria have been predominantly thought to be major sites of ROS production, recent work in our laboratory determined that brain mitochondria consume hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in a respiration-dependent manner predominantly by the thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin (Trx/Prx) system. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism linking mitochondrial respiration to antioxidant function and to determine the role of the mitochondrial Trx/thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) system in 2 models of PD, a toxicant based and a genetic form. First, it was determined that inhibiting the mitochondrial transmembrane protein nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (Nnt) (which produces ~45% of the mitochondrial NADPH then utilized by TrxR to keep the Trx/Prx system in a reduced state) decreases respiration-dependent H2O2 consumption rates by ~75%. Additionally, Nnt inhibition decreased Trx and TrxR activities resulting in more oxidized mitochondrial Prx and increased susceptibility to the mitochondrial ROS producing and PD-linked pesticide paraquat (PQ). Second, it was found that decreases in TrxR activity in dopaminergic cells led to an increase in mitochondrial iv dysfunction resulting in increased susceptibility to ROS production and cell death when exposed to low levels of PQ and 6-hydroxydopamine. Finally, it was determined in a genetic form of PD, that mice deficient in the DJ-1 protein had an increase in respirationdependent brain mitochondria H2O2 consumption rates, an increase in mitochondrial Trx activity and an increased in glutathione levels (another important cellular antioxidant system which protects again ROS). Taken together, these studies identified Nnt as a link between mitochondrial respiration and Trx/TrxR antioxidant function and highlight the importance of the mitochondrial Trx/TrxR system in isolated brain mitochondria and dopaminergic cells in a genetic and an idiopathic model of PD. The form and content of this abstract are approved. I recommend its publication. Approved: Manisha Patel
Factors Affecting the Provision of Sex Education In Early Childhood

Sex education is the provision of proper knowledge on children and preparing them to adapt better to the sexual attitudes in the future life. Sex education given by parents can be started early, this was due to teach sexuality were strictly necessary from birth to late adolescence stage. The purpose of this study is to obtain in-depth information about factors that affect the provision of sex education in early childhood. The research is a qualitative analytic. Variables such as knowledge, attitude, mother's occupation and source of information. The subjects are three mothers, 1 teacher and principal. The result showed that sex education to children is essentially given by the woman's parents. But with a different understanding and different ways. Early childhood is not necessary to use terms directly to their reproductive organs. Parents need to be informed directly differences in men and women, how the reproductive organs and how relationships between boys and girls. Suggestions that the need for added resources valid information regarding the provision of sex education in early childhood not only for teachers, but also can be given to the elderly, for example in the form of leaflets.
Isolation, Cultivation, and Morphological Characteristics of Hair Follicle Adult Stem Cells in the Bulge Region in Mouse and Human

Skin contains various populations of stem cells (SCs). Among these are hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) in the bulge region. The behavior of HFSCs deserves to be widely studied due to the benefits to be derived from their identification, isolation, and amplification. Skin samples of newborn mice (n = 32) and human adults (n = 10) were used, and the bulge region was isolated and cultured. The isolation and characterization of cells were conducted through immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence, using mainly CD34 and CD200 monoclonal antibodies. Initially, cells grew slowly from the explant around the bulge region, accruing cells with different morphology in both mouse and human, latter being mostly polygonal; the mouse cells reaching confluence faster (5 to 7 days) than the human (12 to 15 days). It was possible to isolate into subcultures cells with small size (10 - 13 μm diameter), round-shape, scant cytoplasm, central prominent nucleus and with nucleolus, which formed colonies, maintaining their phenotype in a high proportion (77% - 83% and 91% in mouse and human, respectively), without showing changes in their morphology during almost 7 months in the mouse cells, and a month and a half in the human. These results demonstrate that the selection, the isolation, and the conditioned mediums allowed population increases of bulge cells and indicate that cultured cells may retain their sternness in that they maintained their phenotypic characteristics, expressed specific markers for SCs, and showed a high proliferative capacity for long periods. Hair follicles, in mice and humans, are important repositories of multipotent stem cells, due to their tendency to differentiate into keratinocytes. Human HFSCs, obtained by depilation, preserve their potential for proliferation and prove to be easily accessible. This suggests that the bulge cells may present an alternative source of autologous stem cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS AS AN AID TO BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND MICROPALEONTOLOGY: A TEST ON LATE PALEOZOIC MICROFOSSILS

Abstract: Accurate taxonomic classification of microfossils in thin-sections is an important biostratigraphic procedure. As paleontological expertise is typically restricted to specific taxonomic groups and experts are not present in all institutions, geoscience researchers often suffer from lack of quick access to critical taxonomic knowledge for biostratigraphic analyses. Moreover, diminishing emphasis on education and training in systematics poses a major challenge for the future of biostratigraphy, and on associated endeavors reliant on systematics. Here we present a machine learning approach to classify and organize fusulinids—microscopic index fossils for the late Paleozoic. The technique we employ has the potential to use such important taxonomic knowledge in models that can be applied to recognize and categorize fossil specimens. Our results demonstrate that, given adequate images and training, convolutional neural network models can correctly identify fusulinids with high levels of accuracy. Continued efforts in digitization of biological and paleontological collections at numerous museums and adoption of machine learning by paleontologists can enable the development of highly accurate and easy-to-use classification tools and, thus, facilitate biostratigraphic analyses by non-experts as well as allow for cross-validation of disparate collections around the world. Automation of classification work would also enable expert paleontologists and others to focus efforts on exploration of more complex interpretations and concepts.
87Avaliação Psicológica, 2020, 19(1), pp. 87-96Comparing the Predictive Power of the CART and CTREE algorithms

The CART algorithm has been extensively applied in predictive studies, however, researchers argue that CART produces variable selection bias. This bias is reflected in the preference of CART in selecting predictors with large numbers of cutpoints. Considering this problem, this article compares the CART algorithm to an unbiased algorithm (CTREE), in relation to their predictive power. Both algorithms were applied to the 2011 National Exam of High School Education, which includes many categorical predictors with a large number of categories, which could produce a variable selection bias. A CTREE tree and a CART tree were generated, both with 16 leaves, from a predictive model with 53 predictors and the students’ writing essay achievement as the outcome. The CART algorithm yielded a tree with a better outcome prediction. This result suggests that for large data sets, called big data, the CART algorithm might give better results than the CTREE algorithm.
Regulations on glucose metabolism affected by dietary carbohydrate in different strains of juvenile gibel carp (Carassius gibelio
)

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary carbohydrate on glucose metabolism in gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) as well to investigate if different clones had different responses to carbohydrate intake. Unselected Dongting strain (DT strain), selected gibel carp "CAS III" (A strain) and gibel carp "CAS V" (F strain) were fed with no corn starch diet (0C), 30% corn starch diet (30C) and 45% corn starch diet (45C) for 8 weeks. The results showed that selected F strain showed higher growth performance. F strain and A strain showed better control on postprandial glucose regulation by increasing plasma triglyceride, plasma cholesterol, liver and muscle glycogen contents and also enhancing glycolysis and restraining gluconeogenesis. DT strain had higher body lipid and lipid utilization. In conclusion, gibel carp could tolerate 45% dietary carbohydrate and F strain showed better growth by increasing glycolysis while decreasing glycogenesis.
Shame, Pride and Dissociation: Estranged Bedfellows, Close Cousins and Some Implications for Psychotherapy with Relational Trauma Part II: Psychotherapeutic Applications

In Part 1 of this two-part article, I explored the phenomenology of pride and shame, on the one hand, and dissociation, on the other, in survivors of relational trauma. Specifically, I discussed the direction and quality of attention in self and other, and the mind/body's organization in pride, shame, and dissociation. While in Part 1 I offer some treatment applications, in this, Part 2, I extend my observations to consider further psychotherapeutic implications with survivors of relational trauma. Specifically, I discuss the therapeutic implications of directionality, focus of attention, quality of gazing, and connecting or coalescing versus disconnecting or breaking apart. Clinical and personal vignettes are sprinkled throughout this paper, with both specific and more generalized understandings and applications clarified.
DEFOLIATION LEVELS AT VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE STAGES OF SOYBEAN CULTIVARS WITH DIFFERENT RELATIVE MATURITY GROUPS

Soybean tolerance to defoliation may be affected by relative maturity group (RMG) of the cultivar. For this reason, this study was carried out to evaluate the effects of artificial defoliation at vegetative and reproductive stages on the agronomic performance of soybean cultivars with different RMG. Two experiments were carried out in greenhouse conditions in Lages, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Defoliation was carried out at V6 in the first experiment and at R3 in the second experiment. Three cultivars with contrasting RMG were used: BMX Veloz (RMG of 5.0, indeterminate growth habit), NA 5909 (RMG of 5.9, indeterminate growth habit), and TMG 7262 (RMG of 6.2, semi-determinate growth habit). Each cultivar was submitted to five defoliation levels: 0.0, 16.6, 33.3, 50.0, and 66.6%. Leaf expansion after defoliation, grain yield and its components were determined. The BMX Veloz showed lower leaf expansion capacity and lower grain yield when compared to the other cultivars when defoliated at V6. Grain yield of the three cultivars only showed significant decreases with defoliation levels higher than 16.6% at R3. The cultivar BMX Veloz is less tolerant to defoliation during the vegetative stage when compared to the cultivars NA 5909 and TMG 7262. Cultivar maturity group does not interfere with soybean tolerance to defoliation at the reproductive stage in greenhouse conditions.
New species of Memecylon (Melastomataceae) from Madagascar: treasures of the TEF Herbarium

Abstract STONE, R.D. (2020). New species of Memecylon (Melastomataceae) from Madagascar: treasures of the TEF Herbarium. Candollea 75: 219–239. In English, English and French abstracts. Memecylon L. (Melastomataceae, Olisbeoideae) is a widespread paleotropical genus of forest shrubs and small trees, and is one of the ten most species-rich genera of woody plants in Madagascar. In a previous treatment, Jacques-Félix recognized 78 species of Memecylon on the island, of which all are endemic and most are known from just one or two sites. The present work describes and illustrates nine new species of Memecylon from Madagascar (including Memecylon complanatum R.D. Stone, Memecylon convergens R.D. Stone, Memecylon fofifa R.D. Stone, Memecylon longipetiolatum R.D. Stone, Memecylon paraxenum R.D. Stone, Memecylon potamicum R.D. Stone, Memecylon pseudogaleatum R.D. Stone, Memecylon subchartaceum R.D. Stone, and Memecylon unguiculare R.D. Stone), based mainly on material received on loan from the FO.FI. FA Herbarium (TEF). The conservation status of each species is provisionally assessed in accordance with the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Given the extensive anthropogenic deforestation of Madagascar, one must consider the possibility that Memecylon complanatum, Memecylon paraxenum, and Memecylon pseudogaleatum are already extinct since these three species have not been recollected within the last 50–60 years. Work is ongoing towards a comprehensive taxonomic revision of Memecylon in Madagascar.
Comparison of Surface- and Pore-Water Quality Between Two Maryland Streams with the Endangered Dwarf Wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon)

ABSTRACT Degraded water quality, particularly elevated concentrations of ammonia, chloride, and toxic metals, can be harmful to freshwater mussels. We investigated whether the contraction in Dwarf Wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon) distribution that occurred between 2002 and 2012 within Browns Branch (BB), a stream within a predominantly agricultural watershed on the Coastal Plain of Maryland, was associated with these and other water-quality factors. We measured surface- and pore-water concentrations of different forms of nitrogen, orthophosphate, anions, and dissolved metals at two sites in BB for 7 mo in 2014. The upstream site (BBUP) represented the lower extent of the current Dwarf Wedgemussel population, and the downstream site (BBDO) represented the lower extent of the species' distribution observed in a 2002 survey. As a comparison, we also sampled one site in Nanjemoy Creek (NANJ), a largely forested Coastal Plain watershed where Dwarf Wedgemussel distribution exhibited no change over the same 10-yr period. We tested the hypothesis that concentrations of potentially toxic analytes were significantly higher at BBDO than at BBUP and NANJ. Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) was the only analyte consistent with this hypothesis in both surface and pore water. Concentrations of pore-water un-ionized ammonia (UIA-N) at BBDO were below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Ambient Water Quality Criterion, but they frequently exceeded 0.2 µg/L, a concentration previously associated with a lack of mussel recruitment. We recommend conducting a new mussel survey of BB to assess current condition. If range contraction is still evident, more frequent and extended sampling should be performed, including capturing high-flow events to determine if pulses of ammonia and other pollutants occur.
Neuropsychiatric Involvement in Subclinical Hypothyroidism

s Sub-clinical hypothyroidism (SCH), defined by an increase in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) with a normal free total thyroxin (fT4) fraction, is the most frequent thyroid dysfunction. Its average prevalence is estimated at 4-10.5%, but can reach 15% in women over 50 years, and up to 20% in elderly beyond 60 years. Clinical manifestations during this endocrinopathy are not unanimous. Neuropsychiatric manifestations associated to SCH are far from uncommon; they significantly alter the quality of life of patients, may be the first signs revealing the disease, and present a real challenge for clinicians. Their better knowledge is very useful for any health professional given the high frequency of this disease in the general population. The objective of this review is to familiarize health professionals, in particular primary care physicians, with the different patterns of neuropsychiatric involvement of SCH.
Light structuring for massively parallel optical trapping

Optical trapping, discovered in the 70's, allows moving and stabilizing small objects which sizes varies from atoms to particles of several microns. This technique, based on momentum conservation, is particularly well suited for manipulating biological matter (cells, organelles, vesicles, functionalized particles, etc.) and offers interesting potentialities for research in biotechnologies and biochemistry. The possibility to individually immobilize large numbers of microscopic objects opens new ways for the downscaling of analysis tools for drug screening, particles sorting or assessing statistical data. The combination of optical trapping with microfluidics greatly increases the prospect of the method. This PhD work takes place in a research aiming at creating large arrays of optical traps compatible with microfluidic devices in order to realize so-called lab-on-a-chip. These miniaturized systems allow recreating at smaller time scale, reduced resources and lower cost, experiments usually performed in a macroscopic environment. This study proposes solutions based on light interference and on landscaping of light intensity. Setups combining several laser beams are proposed to create interference patterns and various configuration of light potential wells. Increasing the number of interfering beams, in particular by using a multiple beams interferometer (Fizeau-Tolansky interferometer) leads to a raise of the light intensity gradient, further increasing the trapping efficiency. The quality of the optical traps is studied and discussed in comparison with conventional laser tweezers. More complex and original solutions using interference of electromagnetic fields are suggested. Namely, the light diffracted by the objects themselves is used to form new potential wells. Diffractive structures are devised to generate three-dimensional arrays of traps. The periodicity of those planar structures creates a self-imaging phenomenon, known as Talbot effect. The modulation of the field in the Fresnel zone, i.e. some tens of micrometers behind the diffractive element, reveals interesting properties for optical trapping, in particular local intensity amplification and gradient enhancement. When several particles are simultaneously immersed in an electromagnetic field, interaction effects arise, that link the particles. This phenomenon of optical binding, is studied and demonstrated here in the case of bidimensional optical crystals.
IMPACT OF CERTAIN EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONS ON ADVERSE DRUG REACTION REPORTING BY NURSING HEALTH PROFESSIONALS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the impact of certain educational interventions on adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting by nursing health professionals at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of the nurses regarding ADR reporting were evaluated before and after interventions using a KAP questionnaire. Educational interventions carried out among the nurses were workshops, booklets, SMSes, personal briefings, and posters. Number and quality of ADR reported by nurses in pre-intervention (3 months), intervention (10 months), and post-intervention (3 months) phase were compared. Results: There was a significant increase in response rate to questionnaires in the post-intervention phase (post-IP) (97.74%) as compared to pre-intervention (91.28%) phase (pre-IP). The knowledge score of the nurses increased significantly in post-IP (11.65 ± 2.14) as compared to the pre-intervention (6.98 ± 2.46) phase. No ADR was reported by nurses in pre-IP. Thirty nurses reported 30 ADRs in the intervention phase and six nurses reported six ADRs in the post-IP. The mean score of completeness of ADR notification forms decreased significantly in post-IP. Maximum ADRs (10) were reported after the workshops. Conclusion: Educational interventions improved the KAP of ADR reporting by nurses, albeit temporary. This suggests the need of continuous educational interventions.
Compressive properties on the spherical-roof contoured-core cell with different amounts of diamond-shaped notches

It is a challenging task to develop lightweight materials and novel structures, which offers better energy-absorbing characteristics. Therefore, it is still a significant issue to obtain secondary processing on available contoured-cores to provide a lightweight structure. This paper is aimed to investigate the effect of compressive properties on the single spherical-roof contoured-core cell with series diamond-shaped notches subjected to quasi-static compressive loading, which is referential concept on second weight reduction. The spherical-roof contoured-core panel was manufactured using a compression moulding process, and then cut to every single cell followed the diamond-shaped notch mould. It is concluded that with the number of diamond-shaped notches increasing, compressive strength and modulus generally shows the decreasing trend. Energy absorption, specific energy absorption, and peak load are also studied. In addition, the failure types of single cell units are discussed according to corresponding experimental results. It is highlighted that diamond-shaped notch cutting fabrication of core structure is a sufficient method to reduce the load concentration at the spherical-roof apex.
Dry matter degradation kinetics of selected tropical forage in Nili-Ravi buffalo and Cholistani cows at heifer and lactating stages using NorFor in situ standards

Current methods of ruminant ration formulation in Pakistan use foreign-based nutrient availability values. These values may not be optimal for all geographic areas, as variation in environment, agronomic factors, animal species, and diet characteristics may not be considered. The aim of present study was to establish a database of the chemical composition and dry matter degradation parameters of tropical forage commonly fed to ruminants in Pakistan and South Asian countries using Nili-Ravi buffalo and Cholistani cattle at heifer and lactating stages. Six cereal grain and four legume species were grown in 3 locations under standard agronomic conditions and sampled at booting and at 50% flowering stage for cereal and legumes, respectively. Dried and milled feeds were analyzed for chemical composition and in situ dry matter degradation parameters using 1 g samples in bags placed in the rumen of 2 Nili-Ravi buffalo heifers, 2 lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes, 2 Cholistani heifers, and 2 lactating Cholistani cows. The forage family (cereal vs. legumes), species, and geographic location of growth significantly influenced (P < 0.001) chemical composition and in situ degradation fractions. Animal species and developmental stage showed no effect on degradation fractions (P > 0.05). Legume-by-heifer interactions significantly increased (P < 0.05), and legume-by-lactating cow interaction tended (P = 0.065), to increase the rate of degradation (Kd). The selected forages were degraded to a similar extent independent of animal species or developmental stage, and legumes are degraded at higher rates and to a greater extent than are cereals. A moderately significant relationship between Kd and effective dry matter degradability (DMD) suggests that Kd could be the single most important predictor of forage degradability in the rumen.