Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of a Short-Term Circuit Resistance Training on Blood Glucose, Plasma Lipoprotein and Lipid Profiles in Young Female Students

Background: According to observations on the eect of exercise training on lipid profile, there is little evidence about the eect of short-term circuit resistance training in females because these researches often use aerobic methods in males. Objectives: The current study aimed to examine the eect of a short term course of circuit resistance training on blood glucose and serum lipids in female students. Methods: Twenty female students from the physical education in the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle were randomly selected and divided into two groups of 10 (resistance training and control groups). For seven consecutive days, the experimental group con- ducted a circuit resistance training including 10 exercises with the intensity of 60% of one maximum repetition and duration of 20 seconds for each exercise in four sets. Each session took 32 - 40 minutes including warm-up and cool-down time. To measure fasting blood glucose, three glyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), blood samples were taken 24 hours before the first session and after the seventh session in a 12-hour overnight fasting. Results: Analysis of variance for repeated measures revealed that although seven sessions of circuit resistance training with a mod- erate intensity had no significant eects on plasma HDL-c, VLDL-c, TC, and TG in the female students, a significant reduction was observed in the fasting blood glucose and plasma LDL-c. Conclusions: Resistance training exercises in the present method can be considered as a prophylaxis attempt against related dis- eases by improving cardiovascular and metabolic health.
THE EFFECT OF FOREIGN INTERVENTION ON DOMESTIC POLITICS IN SOMALIA, CASE STUDY MOGADISHU

The general objective of this study was the effect of foreign intervention on domestic politics in Somalia case study Mogadishu. Particularly, the study examined the effects of foreign Military intervention and foreign Electoral intervention on domestic politics in Somalia case study Mogadishu. The target population of this study was 200 which are accessible population. This study adopted a quantitative research design especially cross sectional research design. Purposive sampling or judgmental sampling was used to select a sample of public servants and educators in Mogadishu out of the target population of 200 public servants and educators by using Slovin’s formula of sampling. The sample size was 132. Primary data was collect by the use of self-administered questionnaires. Data was collected from questionnaires and coded and key into a computer the Quantitative data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20). Factor analysis was used to assess the validity and Cronbach alpha to assess reliability of the questionnaire. The study ends that foreign intervention has a week negative significant effect on Domestic Politics. There was a moderate negative and highly significant correlation between foreign military intervention and Domestic politics. There was a moderate negative and highly significant correlation between foreign electoral interventions on Domestic politics. The researcher met various challenges when conducting the research those challenges included the Public servants do not want to give information due to the confidentiality of this topic which was concerning foreign intervention. The study recommended Inclusion of all Public servants in the collecting information because Public servants’ participation in foreign intervention will improve the findings the research.
The Effect of Type Two Diabetes Mellitus on Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity and its Correlation with HbA1c in Iraqi Patients

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders, characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin action, insulin secretion or both. Increasing evidence suggests that the oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and its complications. The current study includes (130) T2DM patients (group P) [51 males and 79 females with an ages range (35 to 55) and ages mean 49.89 years], they are sub-grouped into three categories according to their HbA1c value. Patients with HbA1c less than 7 are considered as good controlled diabetic patients (30 patients) (group P1), while patients with HbA1c between 7 and 8 were considered as medium controlled diabetic patients (40 patients) (group P2), and the patients whom their HbA1c more than 8 are considered as poorly controlled diabetic patients (60 patients) (group P3). The results of patients group were compared with control healthy subjects (35 subjects) (group C) [14 males and 21 Females were with an age range from 35 to 55 years and ages mean 45.51 years]. Patients and controls were characterized in terms of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum levels of Cu (μg/L), Zn (μg/L), malondialdehyde (MDA) (mmol/L) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) activity (U/ml). The HbA1c has been found to be significantly higher in diabetic patients group (P) in comparison to group C. Serum Zn level has been found to be significantly lesser in group P in comparison to group C. Serum Cu level showed an increase in group P, although it is not significance in comparison to group C. Serum SOD activity shown a significant decrease in group P in comparison to group C. Serum MDA level showed a significantly higher value in diabetic patients group P in comparison to group C. The serum Zn was decreased as HbA1c increased i.e. serum Zn level in group C was higher than patients groups, and its value in group P1 higher than group P2 and that was higher than group P3, while serum Cu level was increased as HbA1c increase, i.e. serum Cu level in group P3 higher than group P2 and that higher than group P1, while group C gave the maximum value. The serum SOD activity was decreased as HbA1c increased, i.e. SOD activity was found to be significantly higher in group P1 in comparison with group P2 and P3, while serum MDA level in group P3 was significantly higher than group P2, and P1. Keywords— EC-SOD, hyperglycemia, MDA, SOD, T2DM.
Association between Low Serum Vitamin C Level and Cataract in Elderly Patients

Background: Cataract is a vision impairing disease characterized by gradual, progressive opacification of the lens. Oxidative agents like ultraviolet (UV) rays are one of the most important causes of cataract. Antioxidant vitamins, in particular vitamin C can play a role in preventing the onset or progression of age related cataract. Aim of Study: The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between low serum vitamin C and age related cataract. Subjects and Methods: The study was carried out on 100 subjects. Fifty patients with cataract attending the out-patient department at Ibn Alhaitham teaching eye hospital in Baghdad were compared with age matched fifty healthy volunteers. Serum vitamin C level was measured by ELISA technique. Results: The mean Serum Vitamin C level in Cataract patients was (0.47 ± 0.38) and (0.81 ± 0.52) mg/dl in controls. Vitamin C level in the test group was significantly lower than the control group (P. value = 0.001). No statistically significant correlation had been found between vitamin C levels and age, sex and location of residency in all comparisons (P > 0.05). The low serum vitamin c levels were strongly associated with mature and nuclear cataracts. Conclusion: This study revealed that serum vitamin C level in senile cataract patients was lower than normal individuals but its association with age, gender, residency in cataractous patients was statistically insignificant. Mature and nuclear cataract were associated with more significant decrease in serum vitamin C level than other types of cataract.
DRUG USE EVALUATION OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN NON-HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS Original Article

Objective: As irrational drug administration in these patients can increase the overall burden of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) on the health system in different societies, we decided to investigate the patterns of antidiabetic drug administration and the way these patients are monitored in our community. Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study performed in the city of Zabol in a 9 mo period. Diabetic patients, who referred to local pharmacies, were interviewed and data about their demographic characteristics, current and previous anti diabetic regimen, adverse drug reactions co morbidities as well as diabetes symptoms on diagnoses and its complications were collected. Results: Our study showed that metformin was the most frequent used oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) (66.4 %) followed by sulfonylurea, and the most prevalent combination therapy was metformin/glibenclamide regimen (28.5%). The majority of patients treated with metformin at the time when they were diagnosed with diabetes (45.3 %). In terms of co-existing disease and target organ damages, hypertension and visual impairment ranked first in our study population. Hypoglycemic episodes were most commonly reported adverse events with insulin and gastric upset with OHAs. 60.3% of our patients didn’t follow regular blood glucose checkup. Conclusion: It is concluded that the prescribing pattern in DM is moving from monotherapy with either insulin or sulfonylureas towards combination therapies. This study strongly highlights the need for patient education and comprehensive counseling about the importance of strict commitment to antidiabetic regimen, lifestyle modification, monitoring blood glucose as well as its related complications regularly, for successful management of diabetes.
Platelet Count/Spleen Diameter Ratio, as a Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Esophageal Varices in Egyptian Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

Background:Upper gastrointestinal bleeding associated to esophageal varices is the most dramatic complication of cirrhosis. It is recommended screening every cirrhotic for esophageal varices with endoscopy.Aim of the work:-The objective of this study was to investigate the PC/SD ratio as a predictor of the presence and absence of esophageal varices in Egyptian patients with liver cirrhosis.Patients and methods:-One hundred and twenty five cirrhotic patients were included from the Hepatology department; Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine and Ahmed Maher Hospital during the period from June 2011 till Feb. 2012. The diagnosis of hepatic cirrhosis by physical, biochemical, and imaging examinations, and confirmed by histological examination of Tru-cut needleisolated liver biopsy. Once the patients were included in the study, a complete medical history was taken, medical examination was performed and biochemical parameters were measured.Results: Comparison between cases with EV and those without EV was presented in table 2; and results showed that, age was significantly increased in cases with EV [50.32±5.26 vs. 44.51±4.38]. In addition, hepatic encephalopathy and ascites were significantly increased in cases with EV [25.6%, 47.7% vs. 7.7%, 28.2% respectively]. Cases with EV had higher grades of child Pugh scoring, low platelet count [117711.50±16529.65 vs. 205905.89±27809.35], high Pugh score [9.29±2.78 vs. 6.53±1.87], high spleen diameter [158.09±11.20 vs. 145.79±7.82], and low PC/SD ratio [751.71±138.30 vs. 1421.21±239.27]. Running ROC curve, it was found that, the test had a good diagnostic accuracy [AUC= 0.99]; the best cutoff value was 976.0 with sensitivity of 99.3% and specificity of 97.4%. Conclusion:-The PC/SD ratio is an accurate method for prediction of EV in cirrhotic patients and it can substitute it or at least can be used as a useful noninvasive method for identifying patients with esophageal varices and thereby may help reduce the number of unnecessary endoscopies [Khaled El-Mola, Hesham Alshabrawy, Mohamed Salah, and Al sayed M. Rashed. Platelet Count/Spleen Diameter Ratio, as a Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Esophageal Varices in Egyptian Patients with Liver Cirrhosis.J Am Sci2014;10(10):230-234]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience. org.32
Formulation, Evaluation and Optimization of Orally Disintegrating Tablet of Piroxicam

Objective of this study was to formulate directly compressible orally disintegrating tablets of piroxicam with sufficient mechanical integrity, content uniformity, and acceptable palatability to assist patients of any age group for easy administration. Effect of varying concentrations of different superdisintegrants such as crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate on disintegration time was studied. Tablets were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, drug content, in vitro disintegrating time, wetting time and in vitro drug release. The results of disintegration time and wetting time of tablets prepared using crospovidone was significantly superior compared to other two superdisintegrants evaluated. Release of drug was quick from formulations containing 7% crospovidone (F8) compared to the other orally disintegrating tablet prepared. Differential scanning calorimetric studies did not indicate any excipients incompatibility, either during mixing or after compression.
Drug utilization pattern of upper respiratory tract infections in Pediatrics, at a university teaching hospital, New Delhi

Drug utilization studies in children, identify major therapeutic problems and may allow estimation of the prevalence of diseases in children. Very few studies provide information on the pattern of drug use and antibiotic prescribing rates for upper respiratory tract infections in children. This study was aimed to assess the prescribing trends for upper respiratory tract infections in Pediatrics, at a university teaching hospital New Delhi, India. A prospective observational drug utilization study was carried out in a pediatric unit of a university teaching hospital in New Delhi, India for a period of 4 months. Patients (n = 363) who attended the pediatric unit with the age newborn to 14 years suffering from Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and willing to participate were included in the study and the data collected from the pediatric unit were analyzed. A total of 363 patients suffering from URTIs was studied. We found a higher percent of male patients (54.28%) as compared to females (45.17%), among those maximum children (26.17%) were in the age group of 0 to 2 years. This may be due to either a high susceptibility for infections at a younger age or due to a relatively greater concern for infant’s health. The maximum number of patients (101) received 5 drugs per prescription followed by 4 drugs per prescription received by 79 patients. Average number of drugs per prescription was found to be 3.75. Most commonly prescribed category of drugs was found to be antibiotics (93%) followed by cough and cold preparations (92.28%), vitamins (89.53%) and antihistaminics (87.32%). Surprisingly, antipyretics and analgesics constituted only 59.78% of prescriptions. The high prescribing rate of antibiotics was an area of concern. The most frequently prescribed drugs were found to be amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination. The results of the present study are attempting to highlight the importance of strategies that have to be implemented to optimize medication use at the pediatric department for URTIs.
Multidetector Computer Tomography in Evaluation of Ovarian Vein Reflux

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the role of MDCT in evaluating ovarian vein reflux, identify possible cause and grade its degree. Materials And Methods: Contrast enhanced MDCT images of five hundred and nine (509) female patients scanned between 1 st of March 2015 and 31 st of August 2015 were reviewed for the evaluation of ovarian veins (normal or pathological states) and any associated abdominal/ pelvic pathology/pathologies. The presence, degree, pathway and associated findings of ovarian vein reflux were evaluated. Results: From the 509 patients, 1006/1018 (98.82%) ovarian veins were identified. There were fifty six (56/509, 11%) female patients who became study subjects with ovarian vein reflux distributed as follows. A total of sixty eight out of 1006 (6.76%) identified ovarian veins had reflux. Right only were 12 OVs, left only, 32 OVs and (12 cases) 24 OVs were bilateral. Majority, 51/68 (75%) of refluxing OVs were of secondary type (identifiable cause) and 17/68 (25%) were of primary type (no identifiable cause). Most of the refluxing OVs (38/68, 55.88%) were of grade II, followed grade I (20/68, 29.41%) while those of grade III were 10 (14.71%). Grade III had statistical significance in its occurrence on the left OVs compared to the right OVs (p=0.011). Conclusion: Both primary and secondary OV reflux exist. Left ovarian vein was the most affected by reflux as well as the severe grade III seen extending to contralateral ovarian vein plexus by passing through the dilated para-uterine and uterine veins with none affecting the right one. In overall, grade II reflux was common on both OVs. Introduction The aim of this study was to determine the role of MDCT in evaluating ovarian vein reflux, identify possible cause and grade its degree. During the study period a total of five hundred and nine patients were included in the study from female patients who were referred to radiology department. One thousand and six (1006) out of the expected 1018 OVs were identified. Pelvic venous insufficiency and varicosities, one of commonly missed and potentially treatable cause of chronic abdominal or pelvic pain is a condition that results from retrograde flow through incompetent valves in ovarian veins either congenital or acquired. The causes of ovarian vein varicosities are multifactorial and studies have described multiple factors including hereditary factors, hormonal influence, pelvic surgery, retroverted uterus, a history of varicose veins, and multiple pregnancies. Associated findings of cystic ovaries are found in over 50% of cases. (1-4) The primary defect is the absence of functioning valves, resulting in retrograde blood flow and www.jmscr. igmpublication.org Impact Factor 3.79 Index Copernicus Value: 5.88 ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.18535/jmscr/v4i02.02
Congenital Heart Diseases in Patients with Down Syndrome in Gadarif Pediatrics Teaching Hospital, Eastern Sudan

Background: Congenital heart diseases in Down’s syndrome (DS) result in major implications for the patients, their parents and community. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and distribution of CHD in children with DS in Gadarif state eastern Sudan. Material and Methods: This was a cross sectional hospital based study conducted at Gadarif pediatrics teaching hospital from 1st June to 31st December 2018, to study congenital heart defects in Down syndrome. Diagnosis was based on clinical features confirmed by echocardiogram. Age, sex, clinical manifestations, mother’s age, type of heart defect was recorded. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from the patients and their parents. 30 Down’s syndrome patients with confirmed congenital heart defects were studied. Results: Comprehensively 27 (86.6%) patients had single cardiac defect, while 4 patients (13.3%) had more than one defect, the most common single diagnosed was VSD accounting for 11 (37%) followed by ASD in 7 (23%) patients. To F was the defect 2 (7%) found only in females, AVSD showed a higher frequency distribution in the female 6/7 (86%). Conclusion: In the present study the frequency and distribution of CHD patterns are consistent with some international studies, but contradicted with other Sudanese study. VSD and ASD was the most common cardiac lesion. It appears that the frequency of CHD in Down’s syndrome varies in different geographical regions even in similar ones.
Arbitrage, Covered Interest Parity and Cointegration Analysis on the New Taiwan Dollar/US Dollar FOREX Market Revisited

This study applies interest parity theory including covered interest parity (CIP) to examine the 30-, 60-, 90-, and 180-day maturities for the new Taiwan dollar/US dollar (NTD/USD) foreign exchange (FX) market. In the empirical unit root tests, we find that NTD/USD forward premium and interest rate spread present I(0) property. Empirical results are provided that interest rate differential appears stationary component; imply the stable relationship between Taiwan and USA on monetary policy. Using Taylor (1989)’s covered interest arbitrage model, the empirical results exhibit the absence of excess profit opportunities on new Taiwan dollar (NTD) or US dollar (USD) returns. Additionally, theoretical innovation approach of the cost-of-carry model is considered to evaluate the arbitrage opportunities in FX study. Accordingly, the CIP condition generally continue to hold that almost zero-arbitrage results support FX market efficiency although the Federal Reserve implemented several rounds of quantitative easing after the peak of the 2008 financial crisis. Ultimately, Taiwanese FX market emerges to have been little affected by the increased crisis risks during the turbulent times because of the its limited development and market integration.
GC-ZRP: Cross-Layer Architecture Based Geographical Network Condition Aware Zone Routing Protocol for MANET

 Abstract : The exponential rise in the demands for Quality of Service (QoS) centric wireless transmission systems has revitalized academia-industries to develop more efficient routing solutions to serve reliable communication. However, classical wireless communication protocols are confined due to static and resource constrained network scenarios. Up-surging mobile-communication demands require more scalable, reliable, QoS-centric routing even under dynamic topology conditions. For a large-scale wireless network, zone-based routing approaches that embody both reactive as well as proactive network management strategies have been found significant; however traditional routing decisions confines its efficacy for dynamic topology-based networking solutions such as Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs). MANET that often undergoes exceedingly high topological and network conditions changes requires optimal routing model with augmented network-awareness, multi-parameter assisted route decision etc to achieve QoS provision. With this motivation, in this paper a robust Cross-Layer Architecture Based Geographical Network Condition Aware Zone Routing Protocol (GC-ZRP) has been developed for QoS assurance over MANETs. Unlike classical ZRPs, GC-ZRP applies cross-layer architecture with, Network layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) layer and Physical layer to perform enhanced Service Differentiation and Fair Resource Scheduling (SDFRS), Proactive Network Management (PNM), Dynamic Link Quality Estimation, packet velocity estimation and congestion detection models, which are performed at the different layers of the standard IEEE 802.11a protocol stack. The multiple network parameters based best forwarding path formation enables GC-ZRP to exhibit optimal packet delivery ratio, minimum packet loss and deadline miss ratio for real-time data traffic while ensuring maximum possible performance for non-real time data traffic.