Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An analysis of collision avoidance manoeuvres in emergency traffic situations

This paper provides an overview of the research into the driver behaviour in simulated near collision situations. The aim of such investigations is to determine various parameters characterising the driver performance, e.g. driver response time. The driver response time is a very important parameter used, for example, to analyse road accidents. The results presented in this paper come from a study performed for two different emergency traffic situations using some predefined procedures (scenarios). The tests included situations in which a person driving a subject vehicle on a test track was to respond to obstacle mock-ups on a conflicting path (intrusion of a pedestrian from the left or from the right and intrusion of a vehicle from the right). The test data was used to determine the parameters describing the driver behaviour, i.e. the braking response time (braking manoeuvre), the steering response time (steering manoeuvre) and the intensity of the two manoeuvres. This paper compares the values of the driver response time for two scenarios, each with two variants. The average values of the braking response time and the steering response time were determined on a closed track in relation to the Time-To-Collision (TTC) in the range 0,6÷3s, characterising a near collision situation. Another parameter describing the driver behaviour discussed in this paper is the intensity of an avoidance manoeuvre. In the case of braking, the relative brake pedal displacement was analysed, while in the steering manoeuvre, the steering angle was taken into account. The average values of the braking displacement and the steering angle were presented in the function of the TTC. This paper looks at the relationship between the intensity of the driver response (braking, steering), the driver response time and the TTC.
EM Sensor System for Characterisation of Advanced High Strength Strip Steels

In order to obtain accurate quality control of steel products, it is desirable to be able to monitor the mechanical properties non-destructively. This study proposes using an electromagnetic (EM) sensor, suitable for use on strip samples, as a tool for non-destructive steel characterisation, in particular phase balance and grain size in dual phase (DP) steels and hence strength. It is known that the low frequency inductance measured using an EM sensor depends on the relative permeability of the sample and that the permeability is affected by microstructural features (i.e. phase fraction / distribution and, to a lesser extent, grain size are the important features in DP steel). EM sensors can be used to characterise austenite and ferrite fraction in hot strip mills (EMspec system) and for statistical correlations to mechanical properties (IMPOC and HACOM systems) in cold strip mills. In this paper an EM sensor system and a finite element based sensor – microstructure model have been used to characterize DP microstructures (using commercial DP600, DP800 and DP1000 grades and a heat treated DP600 grade) taking into account the effect of strip thickness on the signals. This paper also reports on the relationship between the ferrite fraction and tensile strength, which follows the expected relationship from the literature, and the magnetic permeability (determined from the EM sensor signal which is directly related to ferrite fraction and grain size) and tensile strength. The ability of the EM sensor to determine the tensile strength is therefore illustrated taking into account strip thickness and
345-373 Culture through comparison.indd

Authentic listening has become a part of CLIL materials, but it can be difficult to find listening materials that perfectly match the language level, length requirements, content, and cultural context of a course. The difficulty of finding appropriate materials online, financial limitations posed by copyright fees, and necessity to produce intellectual work led to the idea of designing videos specifically for a university level CLIL course. This article presents a brief overview of current approaches to creating CLIL materials, gives rationale for recording of CLIL audio-visual materials, and discusses their challenges. It provides an example of audio-visual materials design for listening comprehension taking into consideration educational and cultural contexts, course content, and language learning outcomes of the program. In addition, it discusses advantages and limitations of created audio-visual materials by contrasting them with authentic materials of similar type found on YouTube. According to a pilot survey, language used in recorded CLIL videos is easier to understand than the language used in YouTube videos. The content of CLIL videos is more related to students’ life and they experience more positive emotions while watching them. CLIL videos bridge the gap between the concepts studied and a local culture making the learning more meaningful and enjoyable.
The SARS Anglo-German Expedition at the Fourth Cataract of the Nile: the 2003/04 season

The first season of the Merowe Dam Archaeological Salvage Project SARS Anglo-German Expedition took place from November 2003 to February 2004. The mission was made possible by grants from the British Institute of Eastern Africa and the Cultural Department of the Swiss Foreign Ministry. We would like to express our gratitude to these institutions. In addition, we would like to thank the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums in Khartoum, the University of Shendi, as well as the Greek Community of Khartoum for their invaluable help and cooperation. Last but not least, I would like to thank our international team with its 13 team members, six volunteers, and three camp assistants for their enthusiastic commitment in the field. The mission joined the Sudan Archaeological Research Society in the downstream part of its concession area, starting at the Medieval fortress of Dar el-Arab and extending 40km upstream. The archaeological investigation included the recognition of sites, their documentation and some test excavations. After localisation, basic recording of sites was done by surveying them with handheld GPS, sketching and written description on pre-printed forms. A total number of 2500 GPS-points were taken. Further documentation of selected sites produced dozens of plans and sketches, 9000 digital photographs, including landscape panorama photographs, and several thousand points surveyed with a total station. The archaeological survey, during which only diagnostic surface finds were collected, and the test excavations yielded more than a dozen complete pots, hundreds of diagnostic potsherds, and about 100 small finds and samples. In addition, 13 skeletons of the Kerma Moyen and late Meroitic periods have been unearthed during the test excavations. In view of the expected flooding of the area and the resettlement of the population, we focused our fieldwork not only on archaeological subjects, but documented as much as possible of the recent ecologic, geographic, and ethnographic situation. These accompanying studies of place names, crops, recent land use and agriculture, as well as family and household relationships, produced additional verbal records, audioand videotapes, as well as samples of crops, plants, and insects.
PLACE OF ETHICS IN ACCOUNTING EDUCATION IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN ANAMBRA STATE

Introduction Accounting Education is one of the programmes offered in tertiary institutions. The universities in Nigeria prepare students for Bachelor of Science (i.e. B.Sc) or (B.Sc/Ed.) in Accounting and other professional areas (such as Institute of Chartered Accountant of Nigeria (ICAN) and Association of National Accountants of N i g e r i a ( A N A N ) , a m o n g o t h e r s . Accounting profession in the universities can contribute effectively for enjoyable employment or self reliance if the graduates of the universities possess enough accounting knowledge to practice on their own or in partnership with others. The products of this programme are designated accountant . Di f ferent Accounting courses such as Taxation, Financial Accounting, Management and Cost Accounting, Audit and Assurance, Financial Management, among others were offered at different levels of this programme in order to produce competent personnel in Accounting and Auditing related occupations for public and private companies and industries. AEFUNAI JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING, BUSINESS AND FINANCE (FJABAF)
Colorectal Cancer Screening: Future Perspective

Colorectal cancer is the 3rd most commonly diagnosed cancer within the United States and the 2nd leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US in 2008. The survival rate for patients suffering from CRC is directly proportional to the stage of detection. Timely and accurate detection of CRC is only possible through an organised screening programme. The evidence for currently used CRC screening methods including faecal tests (gFOBT and FIT) and complete structural exams (FSIG, colonoscopy, and DCBE) are reviewed in detail. Furthermore strategies for increasing screening rate and newer technologies including Computerized Tomographic Colongraphy (CTC) and Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (CME) are also discussed.
Raman spectroscopy for the assessment of osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease and affects millions of people worldwide. Signal pathways triggered by biomechanical stimuli play an important role in the initialization and progression of OA, via direct physical effects and inflammation factors. Diagnosis of OA is currently based on radiological and clinical findings, typically when the disease is at a late stage. In recent years, Raman spectroscopy has emerged as a suitable technique for the study of OA, providing useful information about the subtle molecular and biochemical changes that occur in joint tissues during the progression of the disease. Studies also show the great potential of Raman methods for the early detection of the disease. In this review, we present the advances in the assessment of OA by means of Raman spectroscopy.
The influence of epidemiology on drug control policy

The changing face of drug abuse in the United States of America and elsewhere in the world over the past century presages what is to come in the fields of drug abuse prevention and treatment in the twenty-first century and in the new millennium. For the first time, professionals involved in those fields are prepared to address the challenge. Professionals of today are no longer dependent on ideology to drive research efforts. A vast knowledge base is now available that has its foundations in science. Although research is derived from projects supported and undertaken in the United States, a growing research infrastructure and a number of interactive networks enable research from other countries to be incorporated into that knowledge base. Such research and interconnected networks will enable those committed to protect future generations from the devastating psychological, social and physical consequences that arise from drug abuse and drug dependency, with particular reference to illicit drugs. In order to understand the current state of science relating to epidemiological research in the field of drug abuse, it is important to review the grounds for designating drug abuse as dangerous and illegal. Attempts to study drug abuse by establishing an infrastructure to support epidemiological and other research, in particular that related to marijuana and heroin use (both of which dominated the research agenda in the United States for several decades), grew out of concerns about the negative effects of drug use. Such research informed those interested in developing policies concerned with interdiction and demand reduction. In the present article, an overview of the historical development of epidemiological data systems in the United States is given. The discussion focuses on means by which to continue and improve the influence of epidemiology on policy.
AMR Parsing via Graph-Sequence Iterative Inference

We propose a new end-to-end model that treats AMR parsing as a series of dual decisions on the input sequence and the incrementally constructed graph. At each time step, our model performs multiple rounds of attention, reasoning, and composition that aim to answer two critical questions: (1) which part of the input sequence to abstract; and (2) where in the output graph to construct the new concept. We show that the answers to these two questions are mutually causalities. We design a model based on iterative inference that helps achieve better answers in both perspectives, leading to greatly improved parsing accuracy. Our experimental results significantly outperform all previously reported Smatch scores by large margins. Remarkably, without the help of any large-scale pre-trained language model (e.g., BERT), our model already surpasses previous state-of-the-art using BERT. With the help of BERT, we can push the state-of-the-art results to 80.2% on LDC2017T10 (AMR 2.0) and 75.4% on LDC2014T12 (AMR 1.0).
Disentangling the roles of roughness, friction and adhesion in discontinuous shear thickening by means of thermo-responsive particles

Dense suspensions of colloidal or granular particles can display pronounced non-Newtonian behaviour, such as discontinuous shear thickening (DST) and shear jamming (SJ). The essential contribution of particle surface roughness and adhesive forces confirms that stress-activated contacts can play a key role in these phenomena. By employing a system of microparticles coated by responsive polymers that allow friction, adhesion, and surface roughness to be selectively and independently tuned as a function of temperature, we offer a way to disentangle these contributions. We find that DST occurs at lower shear rates when friction and adhesion between particles are enhanced at high temperatures. Additionally, the temperature-responsive polymers provide lubricity at low temperatures that can mask surface roughness. The link between single-particle properties and macroscopic rheology is elucidated via lateral force microscopy, which reveals the nature of rheologically relevant contact conditions. In situ temperature tuning during shear allows contact conditions to be modified, and DST to be switched on and off on demand. These findings strengthen our understanding of the microscopic parameters affecting DST and identify new routes for the design of smart, non-Newtonian fluids.
Nonlinear stability analysis of transitional flows using quadratic constraints

The dynamics of transitional flows are governed by an interplay between the non-normal linear dynamics and quadratic nonlinearity in the Navier-Stokes equations. In this work, we propose a framework for nonlinear stability analysis that exploits the fact that nonlinear flow interactions are constrained by the physics encoded in the nonlinearity. In particular, we show that nonlinear stability analysis problems can be posed as convex optimization problems based on Lyapunov matrix inequalities and a set of quadratic constraints that represent the nonlinear flow physics. The proposed framework can be used to conduct global and local stability analysis as well as transient energy growth analysis. The approach is demonstrated on the low-dimensional Waleffe-Kim-Hamilton model of transition and sustained turbulence. Our analysis correctly determines the critical Reynolds number for global instability. We further show that the lossless (energy conservation) property of the nonlinearity is destabilizing and serves to increase transient energy growth. Finally, we show that careful analysis of the multipliers used to enforce the quadratic constraints can be used to extract dominant nonlinear flow interactions that drive the dynamics and associated instabilities.
Scaling Bayesian inference of mixed multinomial logit models to very large datasets

Variational inference methods have been shown to lead to significant improvements in the computational efficiency of approximate Bayesian inference in mixed multinomial logit models when compared to standard Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods without compromising accuracy. However, despite their demonstrated efficiency gains, existing methods still suffer from important limitations that prevent them to scale to very large datasets, while providing the flexibility to allow for rich prior distributions and to capture complex posterior distributions. In this paper, we propose an Amortized Variational Inference approach that leverages stochastic backpropagation, automatic differentiation and GPU-accelerated computation, for effectively scaling Bayesian inference in Mixed Multinomial Logit models to very large datasets. Moreover, we show how normalizing flows can be used to increase the flexibility of the variational posterior approximations. Through an extensive simulation study, we empirically show that the proposed approach is able to achieve computational speedups of multiple orders of magnitude over traditional MSLE and MCMC approaches for large datasets without compromising estimation accuracy.
Surface Waves on Self-Complementary Metasurfaces: All-Frequency Hyperbolicity, Extreme Canalization, and TE-TM Polarization Degeneracy

Self-complementary metasurfaces have gained significant attention due to their unique frequency-independent transmission and reflection properties and the possibility of the polarization transformation of plane waves. In this paper, we focus on the near-field spectrum to investigate both theoretically and experimentally the properties of surface waves supported by anisotropic self-complementary metasurfaces. We show that as a consequence of the electromagnetic Babinet's duality, such structure is hyperbolic for any frequency. We reveal the polarization degree of freedom inherent to plane waves by demonstrating the broadband TE-TM polarization degeneracy of the surface waves along two principal directions. We demonstrate the possibility of switching the canalization direction of 90 degrees by a very small frequency shift paving a way to the extreme tunability and surface wave routing. The results obtained open a plethora of opportunities for practical applications, including flat polarization devices, optical data processing systems and antennas.
Dissipation engineering of nonreciprocal quantum dot circuits: An input-output approach

Nonreciprocal effects in nanoelectronic devices offer unique possibilities for manipulating electron transport and engineering quantum electronic circuits for information processing purposes. However, a lack of rigorous theoretical tools is hindering this development. Here, we provide a general input-output description of nonreciprocal transport in solid-state quantum dot architectures, based on quantum optomechanical analogs. In particular, we break reciprocity between coherently-coupled quantum dots by dissipation-engineering in which these (so-called) primary dots are mutually coupled to auxiliary, damped quantum dots. We illustrate the general framework in two representative multiterminal noninteracting models, which can be used as building blocks for larger circuits. Importantly, the identified optimal conditions for nonreciprocal behavior hold even in the presence of additional dissipative effects that result from local electron-phonon couplings. Besides the analysis of the scattering matrix, we show that a nonreciprocal coupling induces unidirectional electron flow in the resonant transport regime. Altogether, our analysis provides the formalism and working principles towards the realization of nonreciprocal nanoelectronic devices.
Disjoining pressure oscillations causing height discretization in graphene nanobubbles

Recent experiments and computer simulations observe various geometrical formations of nanobubbles in van der Waals heterostructures. Among the well studied dome and tent geometries, there is yet least understood pancake graphene nanobubbles (GNB). This more exotic form exhibits discrete values of vertical sizes around just a few diameters of the molecules trapped inside the GNBs. We develop a model based on the membrane theory and confined fluids thermodynamics. Our approach describes the equilibrium properties of such flat GNBs. We show that discrete pancake geometry is the result of disjoining pressure induced by the trapped fluid inside GNB. The calculated total energy defines a discrete series of the metastable states with the pancake heights, which are multiple to molecular diameter. We observe that the value and the distribution of the total energy minima crucially depend on the temperature. The energy barriers between metastable states decrease as the temperature becomes larger. Also, we demonstrate that the pancake forms are favorable in the cases of sufficiently low membrane-substrate adhesion energy and the small number of trapped molecules. These properties are in agreement with the published simulations and experiments. The numerical comparison of our result with molecular dynamics results additionally shows the adequacy of the proposed model.
A Simple Approach to Learning Unsupervised Multilingual Embeddings

Recent progress on unsupervised learning of cross-lingual embeddings in bilingual setting has given impetus to learning a shared embedding space for several languages without any supervision. A popular framework to solve the latter problem is to jointly solve the following two sub-problems: 1) learning unsupervised word alignment between several pairs of languages, and 2) learning how to map the monolingual embeddings of every language to a shared multilingual space. In contrast, we propose a simple, two-stage framework in which we decouple the above two sub-problems and solve them separately using existing techniques. The proposed approach obtains surprisingly good performance in various tasks such as bilingual lexicon induction, cross-lingual word similarity, multilingual document classification, and multilingual dependency parsing. When distant languages are involved, the proposed solution illustrates robustness and outperforms existing unsupervised multilingual word embedding approaches. Overall, our experimental results encourage development of multi-stage models for such challenging problems.
Moduli of Differentials and Teichm\"uller Dynamics

An increasingly important area of interest for mathematicians is the study of Abelian differentials. This growing interest can be attributed to the interdisciplinary role this subject plays in modern mathematics, as various problems of algebraic geometry, dynamical systems, geometry and topology lead to the study of such objects. It comes as a natural consequence that we can employ in our study algebraic, analytic, combinatorial and dynamical perspectives. These lecture notes aim to provide an expository introduction to this subject that will emphasize the aforementioned links between different areas of mathematics. We will associate to an Abelian differential a flat surface with conical singularities such that the underlying Riemann surface is obtained from a polygon by identifying edges with one another via translation. We will focus on studying these objects in families and describe some properties of the orbit as we vary the polygon by the action of $GL_2^{+}(\mathbb{R})$ on the plane.