Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information‐theoretic dissection of pairwise contact potentials

Pairwise contact potentials have a long, successful history in protein structure prediction. They provide an easily‐estimated representation of many attributes of protein structures, such as the hydrophobic effect. In order to improve on existing potentials, one should develop a clear understanding of precisely what information they convey. Here, using mutual information, we quantified the information in amino acid potentials, and the importance of hydropathy, charge, disulfide bonding, and burial. Sampling error in mutual information was controlled for by estimating how much information cannot be attributed to sampling bias. We found the information in amino acid contacts to be modest: 0.04 bits per contact. Of that, only 0.01 bits of information could not be attributed to hydropathy, charge, disulfide bonding, or burial. Proteins 2002;49:7–14. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The importance of perceiving heterogeneity at multiple scales in a natural resource context

Characteristic analysis (CA) has been re-implemented in a GIS environment and used to calculate the favorability for rotated fault block traps in the Halten Terrace play from the Norwegian Sea. Vector maps available from the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate containing structural and play information from Upper and Lower Jurassic reservoirs form the basis for the input attributes. The ArcGIS system is used to calculate the favorabilities resulting from the CA method. The favorability based upon CA can be interpreted in terms of the geological information captured from the input attributes and evaluated against the objectives of the study. It is shown that adequate attribute preprocessing is vital for a good result and that image analysis and GIS are ideal tools to perform the tuning of ternary coding used as input. The favorabilities obtained show how the CA method can be used to express the favorability for rotated fault block traps.
Localisation en espace de la propriété de Feller avec application aux processus de type Lévy

Dans cette these, nous donnons une localisation en espace de la theorie des processus de Feller. Un premier objectif est d’obtenir des resultats simples et precis sur la convergence de processus de Markov. Un second objectif est d’etudier le lien entre les notions de propriete de Feller, probleme de martingales et topologie de Skorokhod. Dans un premier temps nous donnons une version localisee de la topologie de Skorokhod. Nous en etudions les notions de compacite et tension. Nous faisons le lien entre les topologies de Skorokhod localisee et non localisee, grâce a la notion de changement de temps. Dans un second temps, a l’aide de la topologie de Skorokhod localisee et du changement de temps, nous etudions les problemes de martingales. Nous montrons pour des processus l’equivalence entre, d’une part, etre solution d’un probleme de martingales bien pose, d’autre part, verifier une version localisee de la propriete de Feller, et enfin, etre markovien et continu en loi par rapport a sa condition initiale. Nous caracterisons la convergence en loi pour les solutions de problemes de martingale en terme de convergence des operateurs associes et donnons un resultat similaire pour les approximations a temps discret. Pour finir, nous appliquons la theorie des processus localement fellerien a deux exemples. Nous l’appliquons d’abord au processus de type Levy et obtenons des resultats de convergence pour des processus a temps discret et continu, notamment des methodes de simulation et schemas d’Euler. Nous appliquons ensuite cette meme theorie aux diffusions unidimensionnelles dans des potentiels, nous obtenons des resultats de convergence de diffusions ou marches aleatoires vers des diffusions singulieres. Comme consequences, nous deduisons la convergence de marches aleatoires en milieux aleatoires vers des diffusions en potentiels aleatoires.
Application of the horizontal to vertical spectral ratio technique for estimating the site characteristics of ground motion caused by mining induced events

The work presents an attempt of application of the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method for estimating the local amplification of ground motion caused by mining seismic events in the Legnica Glogow Copper District. Amplifying properties of the surface layer are assessed from the ratio of amplitude spectra of the horizontal and vertical components of ground acceleration, recorded at the surface. The location of a local maximum of the ratio in the frequency band up to 8 Hz assigns the resonant frequency of the surface layer; the maximal value estimates the amplification factor at the measurement point. The spectral ratio was evaluated for 219 ground acceleration records from ten recording stations. The HVSR curves for induced seismicity turned out to be similar to the typical HVSR-s for natural earthquakes. Amplification factors estimated by the HVSR method were used to reduce the observed peak ground accelerations (PGA-s) to the bedrock. The reduction significantly improved an agreement beween the PGA values order and the order of epicentral distances. The obtained results suggest that the HVSR method can be successfully used to evaluate the local influence of the surface layer also for induced seismicity, in spite of the fact that in this case the conditions for application of the method essentially differ from the conditions met in natural seismicity.
Knowledge Transfers between Canadian Business Enterprises and Universities: Does Distance Matter?

This study examines whether the transfer of knowledge flows from universities to enterprises in Canada is hampered by the geographical distance that separates them. The transfer of knowledge flows are measured by the amount of R&D payments from business enterprises to universities that are directly reported in Statistics Canada's survey on Research and Development in Canadian Industry. We use data from the 1997 to 2001 surveys. After controlling for unobserved individual heterogeneity, selection bias as well as for other covariates that could affect the extent of industry-university R&D transactions such as absorptive capacity, foreign control, belonging to the same province, past experience with a given university and other firm and university characteristics, it is found that a 10% increase in distance decreases the proportion of total R&D paid to a university by 1.4 percent for enterprises that do not report any codified transfer of knowledge flow, and by half as much for enterprises that report codified knowledge flows.
Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology

One of an important quality parameter in tuna is the level of histamine content. The contamination of histamine in tuna is mainly due to the activity of histidine decarboxylase produced by the bacteria. A rapid growth of histamine producing bacteria is correlated with the practice of temperature abuse during handling. This study aimed to develop predictive growth modeling of two histamine-producing bacteria in the function of temperature. The growth and histamine production of Klebsiella sp. CK02 and Morganella morganii ATCC 25830 at various temperatures were measured in tryptic soy broth histidine (TSBH) and tuna fish infusion broth (TFIB) growth media. Broths were incubated at 4°C and 15°C for 7 days, and at 30°C and 40°C for 24 hours. The Baranyi and Roberts model was used with DMFit to determine primary growth kinectics, and the Ratkowsky square root model to describe bacterial growth rate as a function of temperature. Histamine production was enumerated by the apparent yield factor (pYhis/ CFU) value. Growth rate increased with temperature, with a maximum rate at 40°C for Klebsiella sp. CK02 (0.740 log CFU/h) and M. morganii (0.578 log CFU/h). The Tmin for Klebsiella sp. CK02 in TFIB was -8.9°C, indicating better survival in low storage temperature, compare to M. morganii ATCC 25830. In addition, Klebsiella sp. CK02 produced a lower pYhis/CFU at 15 and 30°C compared to M. morganii ATCC 25830.
Pliocene foraminifera of Piedmont (north-western Italy): a synthesis of recent studies

A synthesis of recent biostratigraphical and palaeoenvironmental studies on foraminifera assemblages of the Piedmont Pliocene (north-eastern Monferrato, Astigiano, Langhe and Monregalese) is discussed. In the region, biozone MPl1 is documented by typical Sphaeroidinellopsis assemblages only in its central area. Rich and diversified assemblages of MPl2 biozone, with Globorotalia margaritae Bolli & Bermudez, and MPl3 biozone, with G. margaritae and G. puncticulata (Deshayes), are indicative of the upper epibathyal zone, and suggest palaeoenvironmental conditions similar to those of coeval pelagic successions of Sicily and the Tyrrhenian Sea. Already along biozone MPl3, and chiefly biozone MPl4, with G. puncticulata, less diversified assemblages become more widespread, indicating shelf palaeoenvironments, subject to heavy transport of displaced foraminifera from more inner neritic zones. In the study area most inner neritic and shallow outer neritic microfaunas are devoid of biostratigraphic markers; only few silty sediments yield Bulimina basispinosa Tedeschi & Zanmatti and Globobulimina ovula (d’Orbigny), reported from the Middle Pliocene, and can be correlated to the MPl5 biozone.
Weather and climate in Africa

Important terms are defined throughout in clear non-technical language, and each chapter contains a wealth of examples and case studies, extensively illustrated with diagrams and photographs. Major atmospheric processes are examined in detail, and there are special sections on storms, forecasting, climate change and the impact of weather and climate on human activity. Intended primarily for advanced level students of geography and related disciplines, this book will prove equally valuable to university students, teachers and the general reader.
Satellite and Radar Analysis of Mesoscale Weather Systems.

Abstract : Relationships between satellite visible and I.R. gray levels, and such parameters as the existence of radar echoes, ceiling height and surface visibility are studied using SMS-1/GOES satellite data, digital radar data, surface observations from first order stations, and the Kennedy Space Center Image 100 Multispectral Image Analyzer. Radar echo/rainfall relationships are also studied using rain gauge data from the 1975 FACE mesonetwork. The results from four case studies during August 1975 show that radar echoes occurred, without exception, when both types of satellite gray levels exceeded a value of 183 based on a scale of 0 (black) to 255 (white). Other joint relationships are described for lower gray levels. It is shown that the lowest ceilings and surface visibilities occurred with the satellite visible levels near 100 and the I.R. levels near 130 and 110 respectively. An example is presented showing the simulation of a radar echo pattern from themed satellite visible data on 14 August 1975. And computer programs are appended for converting 7-track NHEML KART digital radar tapes to 9-track tapes with suitable block size and format for the KSC PDP 11/35 computer system. (Author)
Optical properties and mineralogical composition of different Saharan mineral dust samples: a laboratory study

In aerosol chamber experiments optical properties of resuspended mineral dust samples of defined size distributions were measured. Extinction coefficients (b ext ) and mass specific extinction cross sections (σ ext ) were determined for Saharan dust samples from different locations. The results for σ ext were not very sensitive to the type of dust and varied at λ=550 nm between 3.3±0.4 m 2 g −1 and 3.7±0.4 m 2 g −1 . The absorption coefficients (b abs ) and mass specific absorption cross sections (σ abs ) were determined with a novel multi-wavelength photo-acoustic absorption spectrometer (PAS). The single scattering albedo was close to 1 (0.98 to 0.99) at 532 nm and 1064 nm, but significantly lower (0.63 to 0.76) at 266 nm. Additionally the chemical and mineralogical composition of the dust samples were analysed with special regard to the iron oxide phases hematite and goethite. At λ=266 nm the mineral dust sample without any detectable iron oxides showed a significantly higher SSA compared to the sample with a hematite content of 0.6 wt-%.
Soil nutrient and vegetation response to ecological restoration in a coastal Douglas-fir plantation on Galiano Island, BC

Supervisory Committee Dr. Schaefer, School of Environmental Studies Co-Supervisor Dr. Volpe, School of Environmental Studies Co-Supervisor Dr. Maynard, Department of Geography Outside Member Much emphasis has been placed on the recovery and maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Although a number of studies have focused on the relationship between carbon sequestration and ecosystem dynamics, few have focused on the effects of management activities oriented towards biodiversity values on soil carbon and nitrogen pools. The dual goals of restoration for ecosystem structure and function versus restoration for soil carbon sequestration may not be mutually exclusive. This research evaluates the ability of restoration work to meet both of these goals using the restoration work done by the Galiano Conservancy Association in a Coastal Douglas-fir forest on Galiano Island, British Columbia as a case study. The restoration in District Lot 63 was successful in terms of increasing both floristic diversity and stand structure heterogeneity. Significant changes in soil carbon were observed in the forest floor, and significant changes in both soil carbon and nitrogen were observed in the top 15 cm of the mineral soil. As time from treatment increased, soil carbon and nitrogen approached, and in some cases surpassed, reference area levels. The results from this study indicate that the restoration on Galiano Island was successful in terms of increasing the biodiversity values of the stand and may have no large long-term effects on soil carbon or nitrogen pools.
Modeling and Measuring Tree-Reading Skills in Undergraduate and Graduate Students

Evolutionary trees are central to learning about evolutionary processes, yet students at all educational levels struggle to read and interpret them. The synthetic tree-reading model (STREAM), based on published and not yet empirically tested models, was tested to determine whether the assumed hierarchy of the model could be substantiated and how far students’ skills could be distinguished empirically. We developed a tree-reading test instrument based on STREAM and assessed it with 592 undergraduate and graduate biology students. Following item response theory, we conducted a dimensional analysis and evaluated item difficulty. Investigating item difficulty and the resulting Wright map showed that skill levels displayed a broad scatter of overlapping item difficulty. Furthermore, the skill level assumed easiest was actually the third most difficult. No conclusive evidence of the hierarchical nature of the model was obtained. Dimensional analysis showed that a five-dimensional model outperformed all other reasonable models, corroborating that the skills could be arranged in empirically differentiable groups. Consequently, we revised the STREAM by discarding the hierarchical organization, using a five-dimensional organization instead. Comparison of the revised STREAM with another recently published approach showed that, although these two instruments have a different focus, they are supplemental approaches that show comparable results.
Drawings as an Alternative Way of Understanding Young Children’s Constructions of Literacy

As teachers seek to reflect children’s diverse experience in the subject matter they present and in the questions they explore, they must also embrace children’s multifaceted ways of knowing. Their major pedagogical challenge is to help children transform what they know into modes of representation that allow for a full range of human experience. In their lives outside of school, children ‘naturally move between art, music, movement, mathematics, drama, and language as ways to think about the world [. ]. It is only in schools that students are restricted to using one sign system at a time. ’ (Shortet al., 2000: 160). This study uses young children’s drawings about reading and writing as an innovative way of investigating their perceptions and understandings of literacy across the broad contexts of their lives. The study challenges the politics of classroom practices that privilege language-dependent modes of representation over other modes.
The Global Forest Products Model: Structure, Estimation, and Applications

PART 1 INTRODUCTION Ch 1 Background and Objectives Ch 2 Overview of the Global Forest Products PART 2 GFPM MODEL CONSTRUCTION Ch 3 GFPM Structure and Formulation Ch 4 Model Calibration and Validation PART 3 GFPM APPLICATIONS Ch 5 The Base Scenario Ch 6 Effects of the Asian Economic Crisis Ch 7 Effects of Tariff Liberalization Ch. 8 Impact of United States Paper recycling Policies Ch 9 Effects of Regional trade agreements on New Zealand Ch 10 Impacts of United States Timber Harvest Restrictions PART 4 GFPM SOFTWARE Ch 11 Using the GFPM Software Ch 12 GFPM Software design and implementation Ch 13 Summary and Conclusion References
Radio-echo sounding of the lambert glacier basin

Abstract Several seasons of aerial ice-thickness soundings over the region of the Prince Charles Mountains, the Lambert Glacier system, the Amery Ice Shelf, and their drainage basin in east Antarctica have now been completed. The measurements provide detailed maps of surface topography and ice thickness over an area of about 2 X 105 km2. The equipment used consisted of a 100 MHz echo sounder designed and constructed by Antarctic Division and carried in a Pilatus Porter aircraft. ERTS imagery provides a valuable background for portraying the echo-sounding results. These results show that an extensive, deep subglacial valley system forms the basis of the large drainage basin with concave ice surface topography which channels the ice flow into the Amery Ice Shelf. Deep glacial streams penetrate a long way into the ice-sheet basin. The rock relief is considerable, varying from 3 000 m above (present) sea-level to 2 000 m below sea-level. A very deep subglacial trench exists in the region of the confluence of the Fisher, Mellor, and Lambert Glaciers where the ice thickness reaches 2 500 m. The low surface slope and high ice velocity are suggestive of high melt production in this region. The strong echo, together with the high bedrock back-slope, suggests that the deep trench may contain a basal melt lake.
The mechanisms of politico-security regionalism in Southeast Asia and Southern Africa : a comparative case study of ASEAN and SADC

The central question addressed by this thesis is whether and to what extent ASEAN and SADC provide a regional response to security challenges from within and without the region respectively. In the examination of a regional response to security challenges in Southeast Asia and Southern Africa, this study investigates each regional organisation’s efforts and methods of how to approach and deal with regional security problems. In examining the processes and patterns of ASEAN and SADC regionalism in terms of the security dimension, the focus is on political security in its regional context. In doing so, the mechanisms of both ASEAN and SADC politico-security regionalisms are explored. This study also aims to compare SADC and ASEAN to find similarities and differences in terms of the way in which ‘politico-security regionalism’ as a regional project is used to respond to global challenges, as well as to internal needs. Moreover, this study seeks to explore what can be learnt from the experiences of both ASEAN and SADC with regard to regionalism and regionalisation in response to political security threats. This will, as a result, be conducive to understanding the character, nature and type of contemporary regionalism and regional security in the South, including Southeast Asia and Southern Africa. Furthermore, in discussing the question of whether and how ASEAN and SADC attempt to shape and modify or change the process of globalisation and regionalisation in politico-security terms, this study emphasises a multi-dimensionality of contemporary regionalism – so called ‘new regionalism’ – which would normally be based on constructivism. Therefore, this study argues that the theoretical problem relates to the insufficiency of neo-realist and neo-liberal institutionalist accounts that call for a much needed attempt to bring ASEAN and SADC into contemporary discussions about the mechanisms of politico-security regionalisms within the context of a (social) constructivism of international relations (IR) theory. Key Terms: Regionalism, New Regionalism, Politico-Security Regionalism, Regionalisation, Regional Security, Political Security, Regional Cooperation/Integration, Constructivism, ASEAN, SADC, Southeast Asia and Southern Africa University of Pretoria etd, Hwang K D (2006)
AIDS knowledge and attitudes for 1992 : data From the National Health Interview Survey.

In 1992, levels of knowledge about the major modes of human immunodeficiency (HIV) transmission remained high in all sociodemographic groups examined. Knowledge about other aspects of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was more variable with older and less educated adults generally being less knowledgeable. Changes in knowledge between 1991 and 1992 included: An increase from 86 to 95 percent in the proportion who had heard the AIDS virus referred to as "HIV" An increase from 15 to 22 percent in the proportion of young adults (18-29 years of age) who planned to be tested in the next year An increase from 13 to 17 percent in the proportion of adults who had a coworker, relative, or friend with AIDS An increase from 69 to 75 percent in the proportion of parents of 10-17-year-olds who had ever discussed AIDS with their children.
Effect of planting dates and varieties on blast disease and grain yield of finger millet (Eleusine coracana) in mid Garhwal hills.

Present studies were initiated to examine the impact of sowing dates and varieties on the incidence of disease and grain yield of finger millet. In 2006 and 2007, four finger millet varieties (PR 202, KM 252, VL 149 and PRM 1) were sown in at least one of the following planting windows; early (7 June 2007 and 12 June 2006), mid (17 June 2007 and 22 June 2006), and late (27 June 2007 and 3 July 2006). Significant effect of sowing dates in both the years of experimentation on blast incidence and grain yield was noticed. The incidences of neck and finger blast were quite high during kharif 2006 than 2007. Neck and finger blast increased gradually in crops sown in early plating window to mid planting window and decreased considerably in crop sown in late plating window. The highest grain yields have been recorded when the crop was sown in early planting window and decreased gradually in crops sown in mid and late planting window On the basis of disease incidence and grain yield of two year’s results the optimum time of sowing for all the four varieties is early planting