Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stress-based forecasting of induced seismicity with instantaneous earthquake failure functions: Applications to the Groningen Gas Reservoir.

The Groningen gas field is a natural laboratory to test stress-based forecasting models of induced seismicity due to the detailed knowledge of the reservoir geometry and production history, as well as the availability of surface subsidence measurements and high quality seismicity data. A specific feature of that case example is the exponential rise of seismicity that was detected nearly 30 years after the onset of production. In this study, the subsurface is represented as a homogeneous isotropic linear poroelastic half-space subject to stress changes in three-dimensional space due to reservoir compaction and pore pressure variations. The reservoir is represented with cuboidal strain volumes. Stress changes within and outside the reservoir are calculated using a simple convolution with semi-analytical Green functions. The uniaxial compressibility of the reservoir is spatially variable and constrained with surface subsidence data. Coulomb stress changes are maximum near the top and bottom of the reservoir where the reservoir is offset by faults. To assess earthquake probability, we use the standard Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion assuming instantaneous nucleation and a non-critical initial stress. The distribution of initial strength excess, the difference between the initial Coulomb stress and the critical Coulomb stress at failure, is treated as a stochastic variable and estimated from the observations. We calculate stress changes since the onset of gas production. The lag and exponential onset of seismicity are well reproduced assuming either a a generalized Pareto distribution of initial strength excess, which can represent the tail of any distribution, or a Gaussian distribution, to describe both the tail and body of the distribution. This representation allows to test if the induced seismicity at Groningen has transitioned to the steady-state where seismicity rate is proportional to the stressing rate. Our results indicate that the system has not yet reached such a steady-state regime. The forecast is robust to uncertainties about the ability of the model to represent accurately the physical processes. It does require in particular a priori knowledge of the faults that can be activated. The method presented here is in principle applicable to induced seismicity in any setting provided deformation and seismicity data are available to calibrate the model.
Association Between Polymorphisms in the 5 ′ Region of the GALR1 Gene and Schizophrenia in the Northern Chinese Han Population: A Case – Control Study

Background: Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are among the causes of schizophrenia. Galanin receptor 1 is an inhibitory receptor of galanin that is widely distributed in the central nervous system. This study mainly explored the relationship between polymorphisms of the 5 ′ region of the GALR1 gene and schizophrenia in the northern Chinese Han population. Methods: A 1545 bp fragment of the 5 ′ regulatory region of the GALR1 gene was ampli ﬁ ed and sequenced in 289 schizophrenia patients and 347 healthy controls. Results: Among the haplotypes composed of the 16 detected SNPs, the haplotype H3 was identi ﬁ ed as conferring a risk of schizophrenia ( p =0.011, OR=1.430, 95% CI=1.084 – 1.886). In addition, the haplotypes H4 and H7 were both protective against schizophrenia ( p =0.024, OR=0.526, 95% CI=0.298 – 0.927; p =0.037, OR=0.197, 95% CI=0.044 – 0.885, respectively). In the subgroup analysis by sex, it was found that seven SNP alleles (rs72978691, rs11662010, rs11151014, rs11151015, rs13306374, rs5373, rs13306375) conferred a risk of schizophrenia in females ( p <0.05), while allele G of rs7242919 ( p =0.007) was protective against schizophrenia in females. Moreover, the rs72978691 AA+AC genotype ( p =0.006, OR=1.874, 95% CI=1.196 – 2.937, power=0.780), rs7242919 CC+CG genotype ( p =0.002, OR=2.027, 95% CI=1.292 – 3.180, power=0.861), rs11151014 GG+GT genotype ( p =0.008, OR=1.834, 95% CI=1.168 – 2.879, power=0.735), rs11151015 GG+AG genotype ( p =0.002, OR=2.013, 95% CI =1.291 – 3.137, power=0.843), rs13306374 CC+AC genotype ( p =0.006, OR=1.881, 95% CI=1.198 – 2.953, power=0.788), and rs13306375 GG+AG genotype ( p =0.006, OR=1.868, 95% CI=1.194 – 2.921, power=0.770) increased the risk of schizophrenia in females. The haplotype FH2 consisting of rs72978691, rs11662010, rs7242919, rs11151014, rs11151015, rs13306374, rs5373, and rs13306375 may also be associated with the risk of schizophrenia in females ( p =0.024). Conclusion: This study identi ﬁ ed an association between polymorphisms in the 5 ′ region of the GALR1 gene and schizophrenia, especially in females.
OPTH_A_252474 1237..1243

Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan Purpose: We analyzed changes in the crystalline lens during accommodation and the effects of cycloplegics by swept-source anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers (7 males and 13 females, aged 22–34 years), with no history of eye disease except for refractive errors, were recruited. Biometric parameters, including anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and anterior and posterior curvature of the lens (ACL and PCL), were measured using AS-OCT (CASIA2). The measurements were performed with or without an accommodative demand of 5.0 diopters (D). The same tests were repeated following the topical administration of 1% cyclopentolate or a compounding agent comprising 0.5% tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephrine. Results: The AS-OCT system was capable of simultaneous visualization of all optical components of the anterior segment in a single frame. ACD, LAC, and LPC decreased and LT increased significantly during 5.0 D accommodative stimulation in both eyes. Both cyclopentolate and tropicamide/phenylephrine eyedrops led to deeper ACD, thinner LT, and flatter LAC. There were no significant differences in all lens parameters despite having 5.0 D accommodative stimulation in both eyes with cycloplegia. Conclusion: Our results suggest that both tropicamide/phenylephrine and cyclopentolate eyedrops have enough cycloplegic effects in young adults.
24-hour cloud cover calculation using ground-based imager with machine learning

Abstract. In this study, image data features and machine learning methods were used to calculate 24-h continuous cloud cover from image data obtained by a camera-based imager on the ground. The image data features were the time (Julian day and hour), solar zenith angle, and statistical characteristics of the red-blue ratio, blue–red difference, and luminance. These features were determined from the red, green, and blue brightness of images subjected to a pre-processing process involving masking removal and distortion correction. The collected image data were divided into training, validation, and test sets and were used to optimize and evaluate the accuracy of each machine learning method. The cloud cover calculated by each machine learning method was verified with human-eye observation data from a manned observatory. Supervised machine learning models suitable for nowcasting, namely, support vector regression, random forest, gradient boosting machine, k-nearest neighbor, artificial neural network, and multiple linear regression methods, were employed and their results were compared. The best learning results were obtained by the support vector regression model, which had an accuracy, recall, and precision of 0.94, 0.70, and 0.76, respectively. Further, bias, root mean square error, and correlation coefficient values of 0.04 tenth, 1.45 tenths, and 0.93, respectively, were obtained for the cloud cover calculated using the test set. When the difference between the calculated and observed cloud cover was allowed to range between 0, 1, and 2 tenths, high agreement of approximately 42 %, 79 %, and 91 %, respectively, were obtained. The proposed system involving a ground-based imager and machine learning methods is expected to be suitable for application as an automated system to replace human-eye observations.
Effects of 4BAC-Extra Probiotic Supplementation Levels

The use of In-feed antibiotic supplements to achieve a balance between birds’ productive performance and health improvement is gradually in the decline in most countries of the world due to its effects on the animal and humans who are the consumers of animal products. Therefore, researchers are looking in the direction of natural means of replacing the use of infeed antibiotics in poultry nutrition (Genedy Salwa and Zeweil, 2003; Ibrahim et al., 2005). Thus, the use of exogenous probiotics in poultry feeds to improve bird performance is fast gaining acceptability as a good replacement (Ari et al., 2016).
COPD_A_246571 921..929

1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dubrava University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 2University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Dubrava University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron/Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain; 5Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 6University of Osijek, School of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia; 7Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Dubrava University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia Background: The study investigates which physical performance or muscle function/mass tests significantly correlate with objectively measured physical activity (PA) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and could potentially serve to identify physically inactive COPD patients in routine clinical practice. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in outpatients with moderate to very severe COPD. PA was measured during one week with the StepWatch Activity Monitor, an ankle-worn accelerometer, and expressed in steps per day. Physical fitness and peripheral muscle function/mass were evaluated by the 4-meter gait speed (4MGS) test, the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), the 30-second chair stand test (30sCST), the timed up and go test (TUGT), handgrip strength, arm muscle area, calf circumference, the fat-free mass index (FFMI), and ultrasound measurement of the quadriceps muscle. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis and ROC analysis were performed. Results: The study population (N=111, 69% men, mean age 68 years) walked a mean of 8059 steps/day. The daily step count strongly correlated with the 6MWD (rho=0.684, p<0.001) and moderately with the 4MGS (rho=0.464, p<0.001), the TUGT (rho= −0.463, p<0.001), and the 30sCST (rho=0.402, p<0.001). The correlation with the FFMI was weak (rho=0.210, p=0.027), while the other parameters did not significantly correlate with the daily step count. The 6MWD had the best discriminative power to identify patients with very low PA defined as <5000 steps/day (AUC=0.802 [95% CI: 0.720–0.884], p<0.001), followed by the TUGT, the 4MGS, and the 30sCST. Conclusion: The 6MWD, the 4MGS, the TUGT, and the 30sCST are easy to perform in any clinical setting and may be used by clinicians in the screening of physically inactive COPD patients.
Predicting Fire Season Intensity in Maritime Southeast Asia with Interpretable Models

15 There have been many extreme fire seasons in Maritime Southeast Asia (MSEA) 16 over the last two decades, a trend which will likely continue, if not accelerate, due to cli17 mate change. Fires, in turn, are a major driver of atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) 18 variability, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. Previous studies have explored the 19 relationship between climate variability and fire counts, burned area, and atmospheric 20 CO through regression models that use climate mode indices as predictor variables. Here 21 we model the connections between climate variability and atmospheric CO at a level of 22 complexity not yet studied and make accurate predictions of atmospheric CO (a proxy 23 for fire intensity) at useful lead times. To do this, we develop a regularization-based sta24 tistical modeling framework that can accommodate multiple lags of a single climate in25 dex, which we show to be an important feature in explaining CO. We use this framework 26 to present advancements over previous modeling e↵orts, such as the inclusion of outgo27 ing longwave radiation (OLR) anomalies, the use of high resolution weekly data, and a 28 stability analysis that adds weight to the scientific interpretation of selected model terms. 29 We find that the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Dipole Mode Index (DMI), 30 and OLR (as a proxy for the Madden-Julian Oscillation) at various lead times are the 31 most significant predictors of atmospheric CO in MSEA. We further show that the model 32 gives accurate predictions of atmospheric CO at leads times of up to 6 months, making 33 it a useful tool for fire season preparedness. 34
ETLT 2021: Shared Task on Automatic Speech Recognition for Non-Native Children's Speech

The paper presents the Second ASR Challenge for Non-native Children’s Speech proposed as a Special Session at Interspeech 2021, following the successful ﬁrst challenge at Interspeech 2020. The goal of the challenge is to advance research on non native children’s speech recognition technology, as speech technology still struggles when applied to both children and non-native speakers. The audio data consists of spoken responses provided by L2 students in the context of both English and German speaking proﬁciency examinations, the latter language added for 2021. Additional training data and a new evaluation set was released for L2 English recorded by speakers of different native languages. Participants could build systems for one or both languages. Each had a closed track where a predetermined set of audio and linguistic resources were selected, and an open track where additional data was allowed. After a description of the released corpora, the paper analyzes the results achieved by the participating systems. Some issues suggested from these results are discussed.
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Methanolic Extract of Marrubium deserti de Noé Leaves

The objective of the present study was to determine the pharmacological properties of the methanolic (MeOH) extract of Marrubium deserti leaves. For this purpose, antioxidant activity was carried out by DPPH and Ferric reducing power (FRAP) assays respectively while In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was tested by carrageenan-induced paw edema model. The Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of several biocompounds, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined to support our results and revealed a high proportions of polyphenols (184 ± 0.78 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (28.48 ± 0.40 mg QE/g extract). The MeOH extract demonstrated great pharmacological properties with a dose-effect relationship. Thus, a great antioxidant effect was recorded in both DPPH and FRAP assays with a respective IC50 of (15.1 μg/ml) and (80.01 ± 1 μg EAA/g of extract) and were considered significant (P<0.05) when compared to respective standards. On the other hand, anti-inflammatory results suggested that the plant extract could effectively oppose the inflammation caused by carrageenan at the dose of 200 mg/kg with significant decrease (84.1 %) of inflammation. These encouraging results suggest that our plant could be a good candidate to treat more effectively pathologies related to oxidative stress and inflammation. PSM Biological Research 2021; 6(3): 56-65
Placental Passage of Humulone and Protopine in an Ex Vivo Human Perfusion System

Abstract The placental passage of humulone and protopine was investigated with a human ex vivo placental perfusion model. The model was first validated with diazepam and citalopram, 2 compounds known to cross the placental barrier, and antipyrine as a positive control. All compounds were quantified by partially validated U(H)PLC-MS/MS bioanalytical methods. Only a small portion of humulone initially present in the maternal circuit reached the fetal circuit. The humulone concentration in the maternal circuit rapidly decreased, likely due to metabolization in the placenta. Protopine was transferred from the maternal to the fetal circuit, with a steady-state reached after 90 min. None of the study compounds affected placental viability or functionality, as glucose consumption, lactate production, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, and leptin release remained constant. Histopathological evaluation of all placental specimens showed unremarkable, age-appropriate parenchymal maturation with no pathologic findings.
Determining the Influence of Protein-Mineral Additives on the Properties of Butter Cookies Emulsion

This paper reports the results of studying the influence of two types of protein-mineral additives on the properties of butter biscuit emulsion. The additives are considered as a source of digestible calcium compounds and as a functional and technological component that can improve the quality of buttery flour products. The parameters for pre-hydration of additives in the environment of cow's milk for better implementation of their functional and technological characteristics have been substantiated. It was established that the use of protein-mineral additives in the manufacture of emulsions in the amount of up to 7 % leads to an increase in the emulsification capacity of model systems by 1.5. 1.65 times. Improved emulsion resistance has been proven, in particular after heat treatment. It was established that using 5.7 % of the additive produces a pronounced thermal stabilizing effect. After heat treatment at a temperature of 90.95 °C during 3×60 s, when using the protein-mineral additive, a volume of the released water and fat phase increases by 12.25 %. When applying the improved additive, a volume of the released phases increases by 3.10 %. A lower degree of coalescence of the fat phase as part of the emulsion when using the improved protein-mineral additive was microscopically confirmed. The fact of increasing the effective viscosity of emulsions when using up to 7 % of the improved protein-mineral additive was established. This is a positive fact in terms of stabilizing the emulsions and improving their stability as one of the important factors related to the quality of finished flour confectionery. It was established that the improved form of the additive, due to the content of chondroitin sulfates, provides for a better effect on the characteristics of emulsions, which should have a positive influence on the quality of flour-based buttery products.
Teacher Perceptions of Critical Thinking among Students and Its Influence on Higher Education

A few decades ago, taxonomies included the concept of critical thinking. Critical thinking is a difficult process that necessitates advanced cognitive abilities in information processing. Teachers' judgments of students' critical thinking have an impact on their classroom behavior. Teachers believe they are teaching critical thinking to their pupils and that critical thinking will give the intellectual stimulation that will allow critical thinking, according to research. The ability of students to articulate ideas and concepts in their own terms was seen as proof of critical thinking. The capacity to analyze logically and solve problems through novel techniques, on the other hand, is a valuable asset. The process through which a student gains understanding of the content delivered is not an indication of the student's higher-level cognitive ability. Teachers did not appear to comprehend the needs for instilling critical thinking in children. Teachers may believe they are encouraging critical thinking in the classroom, but they are really focusing on subject matter comprehension.
Imbalanced Data Analysis of Adolescent Risk Behavior of Drug Abuse using Random Forest

Adolescence represents a period of self-searching and vulnerability to fall into risky behavior such as drug abuse. In Indonesia, the case of drug abuse by adolescents is high. Therefore, to know the factors behind it can be done using classification such as random forest. The data used in this research were adolescent risk behavior of drug abuse based on SKAP. The percentage of drug abuse among adolescents are 4.1% shows that there is an imbalanced class in the data. It is necessary to handle the imbalanced data by applying the SMOTE-N. This study will classify the adolescent risk behavior of drug abuse using random forest combine with SMOTE-N to handle the imbalanced class. The results show that the model using SMOTE-N is better because it can increase specificity and g-means. The variables affect the classification of drug abuse among adolescents are the age, sex, and psychology consequence.
Covid-19: An Overview of the Risk Factors in Animals and Humans

Citation: Moustafa A Sakr. , et al. “Covid-19: An Overview of the Risk Factors in Animals and Humans”. EC Microbiology 17.9 (2021): 41-51. The most recently detected anthropozoonotic coronavirus (COVID-19) is a strain that began infecting humans in December 2019, following the reported outbreak of unexplained pneumonia in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 infection can pass from human to human via droplets showing mild (in 80% of cases), moderate or severe illness (in 20% of cases, with 6% of them requires special mechanical ventilation) with multiple organ failure and death. The difference in the disease severity where some people may appear with severe and life-threatening COVID-19 sequelae whereas the others may appear asymptomatic or even with mild symptoms directed us to focus the light on the genome structure and the different genotypes of COVID-19 with regarding the possible risk factors of acquiring the infection in humans (such as: age, gender, occupation, smoking, obesity, pregnancy, race and economic status, alcohol consumption, food consumption, immunological status, residence, travel, contact with pets), animals (such as: species and age), environment (season) and the viral agent itself (such as: infectivity dose and virulence) to be considered during the expected rise of the third wave of COVID-19.
A green analytical method for the determination of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in wheat flour using total reflection X-ray fluorescence

A simple, fast, and environmentally friendly method for sample preparation and subsequent determination of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in wheat flour using total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) was developed and validated. Furthermore, TXRF and two other analytical techniques currently used for elemental analysis in foodstuffs, namely flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), were compared to confirm the suitability of TXRF for routine and screening analyses of metallic elements in wheat flour. The TXRF sample preparation procedure takes around 6 min and does not require a mineralization step. Although the detection limits of the TXRF technique were higher than those of FAAS and ETAAS, they were suitable for the proposed purpose. The advantages of the proposed method are also discussed. The TXRF method was applied to the analysis of five commercial wheat flour samples representing all brands available in Montevideo, Uruguay. TXRF proved to be suitable for the determination of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in wheat flour, and is a promising technique for routine and screening analyses of bakery foodstuffs.