Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Structure Determination of Two Furanosesquiterpenes from the Soft Coral Sinularia lochmodes.

Two furanosesquiterpenes, (5'E)-5-(2',6'-dimethylocta-5',7'-dienyl) furan-3-carboxylic acid (1) and (1'E,5'E)-5-(2',6'-dimethylocta-l',5',7'-trienyl) furan-3-carboxylic acid (2), were isolated from soft coral Sinularia lochmodes collected from Palikir pass at Pohnpei Micronesia, June, 1990 in Hawaii. Their structures were elucidated by , NMR, Homo-COSY, - (1 bond) Heteronuclear Multiple Quantum Coherence Spectroscopy (HMQC), - (2 and 3 bond) Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Coherence Spectroscopy (HMBC), Electron Impact Mass Spectroscopy (EI-ms), and Infrared Spectroscopy (IR).
Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin-Mediated Iron-Activated Persulfate Oxidation of Trichloroethylene and Tetrachloroethylene

Trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) are commonly found contaminants in soil and groundwater. However, the persulfate anion (S2O82-) is an oxidant; when activated with ferrous cation (Fe2+), it generates a stronger oxidant (known as a sulfate free radical, SO4-•), which may be used for the destruction of contaminants. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrins (HP-β-CDs) are environmentally benign glucose-based molecules that have the ability to increase the solubility of contaminants such as TCE and PCE and make them more amenable to degradation by chemical oxidation. The ultraviolet (UV) and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra of various inclusion complexes of HP-β-CD, Fe2+ cations, and TCE showed that HP-β-CD forms inclusion complexes with organics, Fe2+ cations, and combinations thereof. The apparent solubilities of TCE and PCE in aqueous solutions that contain HP-β-CD were observed to increase linearly with concentration. When persulfate was activated by the continuous addition o.
Effects of drying and storage of herbs and spices on the essential oil. Part I. Basil, ocimum basilicum L.

A large sample of fresh basil, Ocimum basilicum L. , was dried at 45°C for 12 hours and stored. After three, six and seven months, qualitative and quantitative analyses of the essential oil were performed by steam distillation and GC-MS. The principal components found in the essential oils were: methylchavicol, eugenol, linalol and 1,8-cineole: the content of methylchavicol and eugenol decreased drastically after drying and storage, while that of linalol and 1,8 cineole increased over the same period. The losses of total essential oil after drying were 19%, 62% and 66% at three, six and seven months storage respectively. Several types of reaction seemed to take place during drying and storage.
Analysis of Endotoxins Removal from Clarified Cell Lysates by Divalent Metal Cations-Induced Aggregation

In order to understand the role of divalent metal cations particularly Zn2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ in endotoxin removal from clarified cell lysate solutions, the aggregation of endotoxins by these cations was explored in this work using dynamic light scattering, zeta potential analysis, and improved endotoxin assay. This work concludes that Zn2+ (as ZnSO4) optimally binds to and increases the hydrodynamic size of endotoxins compared to Mg2+ and Ca2+. A low polydispersity index value measured after cation addition indicates the presence of homogenously suspended supramolecular endotoxin particles which calls for a centrifugal separation step for complete endotoxin removal.
Constraint Release Effects in Monodisperse and Bidisperse Polystyrenes in Fast Transient Shearing Flows

Predictions of the Mead−Larson−Doi (MLD) and the Doi−Edwards−Marrucci−Grizzuti (DEMG) models1 are compared with the rheological data in start up of steady shearing of concentrated bidisperse polystyrene solutions. Both the MLD and DEMG models are “tube” theories of flow with reptation, but the MLD theory includes both reptative and convective constraint-release effects, which are neglected in the DEMG theory. The adjustable parameters for the models are the reptation times (τd,i) of each molecular weight component, and the plateau modulus ( ). A procedure is given for obtaining the stretch times (τs,i) from the reptation times. The convective constraint release included in the MLD model remedies the extreme shear thinning predicted by the DEMG model, and the reptative constraint release extends the good predictions found for monodisperse polymers to bidisperse systems, especially at steady state. In the transient start up of shear for monodisperse polymers, both models provide good predictions in both the.
An original solvent free microwave extraction of essential oils from spices

Attention is drawn to the development of a new and green alternative technique for the extraction of essential oils from spices. Solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) is a combination of dry distillation and microwave heating without added any solvent or water. SFME and hydrodistillation (HD) were compared for the extraction of essential oil from three spices: ajowan (Carum ajowan, Apiaceae), cumin (Cuminum cyminum, Umbelliferae), star anise (Illicium anisatum, Illiciaceae). Better results have been obtained with the proposed method in terms of rapidity (1 h vs. 8 h), efﬁciency and no solvent used. Furthermore, the SFME procedure yielded essential oils that could be analysed directly without any preliminary clean-up or solvent exchange steps. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thin-Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Carotenoids in Plant and Animal Samples

Carotenoids are among the most widespread and important pigments in living organisms. They are found in common foods and vegetables. The characteristic pattern of alternating single and double bonds in the polyene backbone enables them to absorb excess energy from other molecules. The nature of the specific end groups on carotenoids may effect their polarity, thus solubility ranges from acetone to hexane. Because of this wide range of polarity, specific extraction and separation procedures are required. In these procedures use of planar chromatography in food analysis might seem a minor aspect of carotenoid analysis. This review describes available data on analysis of carotenoids by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). It has been found that petroleum ether, acetone, and hexane are the major mobile phases used for TLC. Thin-layer chromatography was found to have the potential to be the first choice for analysis of carotenoids in biological samples. The uses of other, orthogonal chromatographic methods, for example HPLC, spectroscopy (mass spectroscopy), scanning densitometry, and image analysis with TLC can enable precise analysis of carotenoids.
Laser spectroscopy of hydrogen desorption from Pd(100)

The recombinative desorption flux of hydrogen molecules from a Pd{100} surface is investigated with rovibrational state selectivity by resonantly enhanced [vacuum ultraviolet (VUV)+ ultraviolet (UV)] two photon ionization. Using a permeation source for the hydrogen supply the surface temperature can be changed from 325 to 740 K. The population in the rotational states is significantly lower than expected for molecules in thermal equilibrium at the respective surface temperatures, whereas the vibrational population is much higher. This vibrational population increases exponentially with Ts. When interpreted as desorption rates into (v‘=1) and plotted versus T−1s, activation energies Ea for vibrational excitation can be derived. For the three isotopes D2, HD, and H2 values for Ea of 234, 282, and 428 meV, respectively, are obtained, being in all three cases lower than the corresponding gas phase energies. The rotational cooling and the vibrational excitation are discussed in the context of current theoretic.
The amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide pattern in cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease: evidence of a novel carboxyterminally elongated Aβ peptide

The patterns of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain homogenates were studied by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry, and the results were compared with those obtained by Aβ-SDS-PAGE/immunoblot. Apart from the peptides known in the literature to occur in the CSF, we postulate the existence of a novel, previously not described peptide, either Aβ1–45 or Aβ2–46. This peptide was observed exclusively in a pool of samples originating from patients with AD, i.e. CSF and postmortem brain homogenates, but not in either the pooled CSF samples nor the pooled brain homogenates of the non-demented controls. Similarly to our previous results, Aβ1–42 was decreased in the CSF in AD. Expectedly, brain homogenates of the control subjects did not show the presence of Aβ peptides. Compared with Aβ-SDS-PAGE/immunoblot, SELDI-TOF enabled more precise analysis of Aβ peptides in the human material. We conclude that SELDI-TOF offers a promising tool for dementia expression pattern profiling using a minute amount of a biological sample. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical and experimental study of the fractal nature of the structure of casein gels

Casein gels consist of particulate disordered structures, formed by aggregation of casein micelles. The aggregation leads to flocs of a fractal nature, which form a gel as soon as the occupy the total volume. A model was developed to describe gel formation and structure usnig the concept of fractal geometry. Parameters derived from this model were compared with experimental results concerning the structure and related properties.The model was in good agreement with the dependence of the permeability or rheological properties, such as the storage modulus of the gels, on the volume fraction of casein, and with the dependence of the turbidity of the gel on wavelength.It is shown that acid casein gels can be described very well as a collection of fractal clusters with a fractal dimensionality, D, of 2.3. Rennet-induced casein gels appeared to lose their fractal behaviour due to microsyneresis. Consequently, the model was not fully valid for the latter gels.
Optimizing the Pyrolysis Process and Modelling the Calorific Value of Sawdust Charcoal as Composing Materials of Quality Briquettes

This study aims to optimize the pyrolysis process and build calorific value model of sawdust charcoal as composing materials of quality briquettes to fulfill the need of renewable fuels. The results showed that the calorific value of sawdust increased by 2344 Cal/g after pyrolysis. The optimum conditions of calorific value were achieved at drying temperature parameters of 60°C, pyrolysis temperature of 600°C, holding time of 120 minutes, and particle size of 100 mesh. The linearity test results between the value of R, R Square, and Adjusted R Square of the calorific value showed there is a strong correlation between drying temperature, pyrolysis temperature, holding time, and particle size. Based on validation test, the calorific value model showed that the residual normality distribution (P-value) was > 0.05 which did not form a certain pattern on the assumption of homoscedasticity, no multicollinearity (TOL > 1; V IF < 10) and the DW value was between the specified range. The model was declared valid. Based on the feasibility test model, P-value was (0.000) < α (0.05). This means the model of proper calorific value was reliable to be used to predict the sawdust charcoal calorific value.
Residual Effect of Phosphorus from Organic Manures in Sunflower - Assessment Using Radio Tracer Technique

Quantification of plant available phosphorus to the residual crop of sunflower in maize - sunflower cropping sequence from organic manures namely farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM), Bio compost (BC) and pressmud (Pr.m) was carried out through radiotracer technique using P. Poultry manure recorded 32 t h e h i g h es t v al u e ( 42. 68 % ) wi t h r es pec t t o ph os ph or u s der i v ed f r om s ou r ce . Fa r my ar d man u r e as a s ou r ce of ph os ph or u s w as s t at i s t i ca l l y s u per i or t o ot h er t r ea t men t s i n A v al u e ( 12. 89) i nd i cat i n g mor e av ai l abi l i t y of phosphorus from soil in this treatment.
Comparative effect of organic, organomineral and mineral fertilizers on soil properties, nutrient uptake, growth and yield of maize (Zea Mays)

Many Researchers have shown that neither mineral fertilizers nor organic manures are a panacea for soil fertility management in Nigeria. This has led to the innovation of organomineral fertilizer which combines the attribute of both mineral and organic fertilizers. Field experiments were conducted in 2011 and 2012 to compare the effect of industrial manufactured organic (OG) fertilizer and organomineral fertilizer (OMF) at the rate of 0, 2.5 and 10t/ha; and NPK 15:15:15 fertilizer (NPK) at the rate of 300kg/ha on soil chemical properties, nutrient uptake, growth and yield of maize in Ondo, Southwestern Nigeria. The treatments were laid out in randomized complete Block Design with four replications and with plots size of 5m×5m. Compared with control, OG, OMF and NPK fertilizers significantly (P <0.05) increased plant N,P, K, Ca, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn Also compared with control, Organic fertilizer (OM), Organomineral fertilizer (OMF) and NPK 15:15:15 fertilizer at all rates significantly increased (P <0.05) maize plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, Stover yield, root dry matter and grain yield. The percent increases in cumulative grain yield were 5t/ha OMF (68.31), 2.5t/ha OMF (60.21), 10t/ha OMF (38.72), 10t/ha OG (49.65) 300kg/ha NPK (12.13), 5t/ha OG (9.51), 2.5t/ha OG (5.63) compared with control. Organic and organomineral fertilizers at low level of application could be used to increase plant nutrients as well as maize production in south western Nigeria.
Principles of action of polymeric flocculants

The relationship of flocculation by water-soluble polymers to the classical phenomena of colloid chemistry is pointed out and the contributions of electrostatic and non-electrostatic forces are discussed. Modern flocculants have a high degree of polymerization (e.g. c. 50 000) and an extremely extended configuration when dissolved in a favourable solvent; this factor explains qualitatively some of the peculiarities of flocculation by polymers and indicates the need for rational control of their use if optimum results are to be achieved. It is concluded, however, that a quantitative theory of specific flocculant systems is not possible at present. Future developments in flocculation technology will almost certainly include introduction of cheaper or more selective flocculants, improved control through the use of auxiliary reagents and more sophisticated consideration of the surface chemistry of materials that have to be flocculated.
Irbesartan‐loaded electrospun nanofibers‐based PVP K90 for the drug dissolution improvement: Fabrication, in vitro performance assessment, and in vivo evaluation

Irbesartan with a low bioavailability is known as a poorly water-soluble drug. The purpose of this investigation is the improvement of physicochemical properties (such as solubility and dissolution rate) of Irbesartan using electrospun nanofibers-based solid dispersion preparation. Nanofibers were prepared using certain weight ratios of the drug and polyvinylpyrrolidone K90 (PVP K90). Then, dissolution studies were carried out. Moreover, selected samples were examined by many different tests such as Fourier transform infra red (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Though solubility and dissolution rate of all Irbesartan-PVP nanofibers improved, but the best result was obtained through of ENSD5 (3% (w/v) : 7% (w/v)). In sink condition approximately 97% of this sample was released during 60 min. The drug content was among the different batches from 40.55 ± 1.01 to 245.32 ± 1.77 μg/mL. The maximum saturation solubility was belonged to this sample. According to the results of the thermal analysis and FTIR spectroscopy, there is no chemical reaction between drug and carrier, also samples has not changed during the process. Amorphous structure for nanofibers was confirmed by DSC thermograms and XRD diffractograms and morphological structure of samples were observed by SEM images. Ultimately, in vivo studies were performed in healthy grey rabbits and the results were satisfactory. The drug–polymer nanofibers showed an increase in relative bioavailability than the plain Irbesartan suspension. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42212.
Hygroscopic behavior of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) fruit

The objective of this study was to perform an analysis of the characterization of buriti fruit (Mauritia flexuosa). Each part of the fruit (peel, pulp, and fibrous part) was analyzed and their hygroscopic behavior was evaluated to establish the drying and storage conditions. Adsorption and desorption isotherms were obtained at 25 °C to the monolayer value was estimated, and the application of the Halsey, Handerson, Kuhn, Mizrahi, Oswin, Smith, BET, and GAB models was evaluated to the prediction of the isotherms. The fruit pulp was classified as rich in high quality oil, and like the peel and the fibrous part, it was also considered as rich in dietary fiber. The isotherms of the fruit parts were classified as type II, and their microbiological stability (aw < 0.6) can be maintained at 25 °C if the moisture content is lower than 8.5, 7.3, and 11.0 g H2O.100 g-1 of dry matter (d.m.), respectively. The hygroscopic behavior showed that in order to ensure stability, the fruit parts should be packaged with low water vapor permeability. The monolayer demonstrated that the peel, pulp, and the fibrous part cannot be dried under moisture content lower than 5.9, 5.0, and 6.4 g H2O.100 g-1 d.m. , respectively. GAB was the most adequate model to describe their isotherms.
Monte Carlo Analysis of Polydisperse Microparticle Impacts with Surfaces

The Monte Carlo method was applied to an impact model to investigate the impact of polydisperse microparticles with surfaces. The Monte Carlo results were compared to experiments. Two different situations were examined: the normal (90°) impact of microspheres with a molecularly-smooth silicon surface, and the oblique ( < 90°) impact of microspheres with a Formica surface. In the former, the percentage of microspheres captured by the surface and the overall capture velocity distribution were determined given the statistical distribution of the microsphere diameters. In the latter, both the Formica surface roughness angles and the diameters of the microspheres were treated as statistical variables. The mean values of the Monte Carlo simulation of the coefficient of restitution and the impulse ratio were found to agree with the data at the 95% confidence level. Finally, this approach was applied to model the impact of Lycopodium spores with a Formica surface.
EFFECTS OF ADDITIVES ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, DEGRADABILITY COEFFICIENTS AND RUMINAL - INTESTINAL DISAPPEARANCE OF DRY MATTER AND CRUDE PROTEIN OF LABORATORY ENSILED OLIVE CAKE

The highest reduction in cellulose and ADF content was found for treatment 8 (120 and 117 g kg -1 DM, respectively), as compared with the raw material (not ensiled). Taking into consideration the chemical composition, pH values, and the general appearance of silages, ensiling of OC with additives preserved well and enhanced the nutritive value of olive cake. Ruminal maximum potential degradability of DM (a+b), effective and rapid degradability and rate of degradation of treatment 8 were higher than others. The same trend was found for CP except fraction “a” which was highest for treatment 6. Mean ruminal DM (P<0.05) and CP disappearances in treatment 8 after 12 hrs incubation were higher than the other treatments. Intestinal digestibility of undegraded DM for treatment 5 was higher (P<0.05) than treatment 6 with no differences among other treatments. Intestinal digestibility of undegraded CP for treatments 3, 5, 6 and 7 was higher (P<0.05) than the other treatments. Total tract DM disappearance of treatments 4, 5 and 8 was higher (P<0.05) than others. Total tract CP disappearance of treatment 8 was higher (P<0.05) than treatment 4. Results indicated that treating OC before ensiling with 8% molasses, 0.4% formic acid and 0.5% urea (DM basis) could provide a good and economical source of a non-conventional feed in areas where OC is available; thus, it helps to improve the diet formulation for ruminants.
2,4‐D dissipation in field soils after applications of 2,4‐D dimethylamine salt and 2,4‐D 2‐ethylhexyl ester

2,4‐Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) was first registered in 1947 as an agricultural herbicide, and it is still the most widely used herbicide worldwide. End‐use products, however, are generally formulated as inorganic or amine salts, or as esters. Because of the various forms available, there was concern that by testing only one form, the environmental profile generated might be insufficient to represent all forms. Therefore, as part of the 2,4‐D reregistration process in the U.S., 30 soil dissipation studies were conducted with 2,4‐D dimethylamine salt and 2,4‐D 2‐ethylhexyl ester over a 2‐year period. Trials were located in seven states and included four cropping practices and bare soil. The results, averaged over all conditions, showed equivalent rates of 2,4‐D dissipation in soil when applied as either the amine salt or ester forms. These results also confirm data from earlier field studies in Canada and Washington state showing equivalent 2,4‐D dissipation in soil from applications of isooctyl ester, dimethylamine salt, and mixed amine salt forms. The data from the current and former studies show that ester and amine forms have little effect on the rate of dissipation of 2,4‐D per se because they are converted rapidly to the same anionic form.
Ultra-low temperature kinetics of neutral–neutral reactions: rate constants for the reactions of OH radicals with butenes between 295 and 23 K

The first experiments on the kinetics of reactions of the OH radical at temperatures below 80 K are reported. They have been carried out by applying the pulsed laser photolysis (PLP), laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique for studying the kinetics of free radical reactions in the ultra-cold environment provided by the gas flow in a CRESU (Cinetique de Reaction in Ecoulement Supersonique Uniforme) apparatus. This method has yielded rate constants for the reactions of OH with but-1-ene, (Z)-but-2-ene and (E)-but-2-ene at temperatures down to 23 K. The rate constants for all three reactions increase monotonically as the temperature is lowered and this dependence of the rate constants on temperature can be fitted to an empirical expression of the form (k/10–10 cm3 molecule–1 s–1)=a exp[b(T/298K)] with a and b equal to 5.2 and –2.8 for but-1-ene, 4.7 and –2.1 for (Z)-but-2-ene and 5.4 and –2.1 for (E)-but-2-ene.