Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Fermentation, Autoclaving and Phytase Treatment on the Antioxidant Properties and Quality of Teff Cookies

SUMMARY Research background Teff [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] is an underutilised cereal crop grown mainly in Ethiopia and Eritrea. It is an excellent source of dietary fibre, vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds. However, it also contains a high amount of phytic acid, which is an antinutrient and reduces the bioavailability of minerals and proteins. To improve the nutritional quality of teff, the phytic acid content should be reduced by an effective dephytinisation method. Experimental approach In this study, various dephytinisation methods (fermentation, autoclaving and phytase treatment) were used to dephytinise teff flour. Undephytinised and dephytinised teff flour was mixed into wheat flour (0−40 %) to improve the functional properties of cookies. Twenty different cookie formulations were prepared according to 4x5x2 factorial design. The physical, chemical, nutritional and sensory properties of the cookies were investigated. Results and conclusions Among the dephytinisation methods, fermentation produced the most effective reduction in phytic acid mass fraction (181 mg/100 g), followed by phytase treatment (198 mg/100 g). The protein, fat, Fe and Zn content and antioxidant activity of cookies enriched with dephytinised teff flour were comparable to cookies fortified with undephytinised teff flour. Moreover, the dephytinised teff cookies had lower phytic acid mass fractions. The cookies containing 40 % teff flour had higher antioxidant activity and nutritional quality than the control wheat cookies. The use of dephytinised teff flour reduced the spread ratio and the a* and b* values of cookies compared to undephytinised flour. Cookies containing fermented and phytase-treated teff flour had a harder texture than cookies containing undephytinised flour. In addition, as the amount of teff flour increased, the spread ratio values of cookies gradually incrased while their hardness decreased. Overall acceptability scores of cookies containing 10–20 % teff flour were similar to the control. Novelty and scientific contribution To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to determine the quality of cookies containing dephytinised teff flour. The data highlight the potential of dephytinised (especially autoclaved and phytase-treated) teff flour (up to 20 %) as a functional ingredient to enrich the mineral content and antioxidant capacity of foods. Furthermore, this study shows that fermentation, autoclaving and phytase treatment can be used to improve the nutritional quality of grains.
The impact of nostalgia on self-esteem, empowerment, pride, and the intention to visit the cities where a sport team hosts home games

ABSTRACT This study aimed to examine the relationship between nostalgia, self-esteem, empowerment, pride, and the intention to visit the city of a sport team, as well as to explore the moderating role of the length of time as a fan in this relationship. Participants viewed a short nostalgic video clip featuring their favorite team and then completed a follow-up survey. The study discovered that self-esteem and empowerment were crucial factors in the relationship between nostalgia and pride, which subsequently increased the intention to visit a city of teams. Moreover, the study showed that only long-time fans experienced empowerment derived from self-esteem, leading to pride and a desire to visit the home game cities of the teams. Additionally, it was found that nostalgia directly influenced the intention to visit the home game cities of teams exclusively for these long-time fans.
Some Conditions for Convexifying Static H-Infinity Control Problems

In this paper, we show that a set of static controllers satisfying a certain level of H∞ performance becomes convex when the underlying generalized plant satisfy several structural conditions. More precisely, we characterize such static H∞ controllers by an LMI with the controller parameters being kept directly as decision variables. The conditions on the generalized plant are not too strict as illustrated by the fact that a sort of mixed sensitivity problems indeed satisfies these conditions. In addition, for the generalized plant of interest, we prove that fullorder dynamical H∞ controllers can be characterized by an LMI with simple change of variables. In stark contrast to known LMI formulations, the change of variables does not involve coefficient matrices of the generalized plant. This property is promising when dealing with a whole variety of robust control problems. As an illustration, the real μ synthesis problem is discussed.
On the scope of the referential hierarchy in the typology of grammatical relations

Split alignment in case-marking has often been hypothesized to be affected by the referential hierarchy in that higher-ranking arguments are more likely to be accusatively aligned while lower-ranking arguments are more likely to be ergatively aligned. A survey of typological databases suggests that while there are only very few counterexamples to the hypothesis, the total number of relevant cases is so small as to provide only marginal statistical evidence. In split alignment in agreement morphology and in structures like relativization, the statistical evidence is nil. The only domains where hierarchy effects seem to be common is (a) where they affect optional case-marking in discourse and (b) where they directly define grammatical relations, independently of alignment patterns, such as in hierarchical agreement.
Characterisation of air-borne sound sources using surface coupling techniques

The thesis investigates possibilities of air-borne sound characterisation of arbitrary sound sources. To this end a particular approach is studied where the source characterisation is done via an interface surface which fully or partially envelopes the physical source. Two frequency dependent descriptors are defined across such a surface: the blocked sound pressure and the source impedance. The former represents the sound pressure created by the operating source which acts on the enveloping surface when this is made immobile. The latter represents the ratio of pressure response amplitudes and normal velocity excitation amplitudes across the surface. The enveloping surface defines an air volume containing the physical source, called the source space. The two source descriptors defined on the source space, the blocked pressure and the source impedance, are shown to be intrinsic to the source, i.e. independent of the surrounding acoustical space. Once defined, these descriptors allow one to find the sound pressure and normal particle velocity at the interface surface when the source space is coupled to an arbitrary receiver space, i.e. a room. This in turn allows for sound prediction in the receiver space. The coupling conditions require that the receiver space is characterised using the same enveloping surface as the source space. Bearing the measurement simplicity in mind, the enveloping surface has been conceived as consisting of one or several rectangular plane surfaces. The research challenge was then to obtain meaningful surface impedance across a (continuous) rectangular plane surface as well as the blocked pressure compatible with impedance formulation. This has led to a spatial decomposition of sound pressure and particle velocity into finite number of components, each defined by a complex amplitude and a particular spatial distribution. In this way the blocked pressure reduces to a vector of complex pressure amplitudes while the impedance becomes a matrix of pressure and velocity complex amplitude ratios. Two decomposition methods have been investigated in detail: the surface harmonic method and the patch method. The former approximates the surface pressure and normal velocity by combinations of 2D trigonometric surface functions while the latter splits the surface into small patches and treats each patch in a discrete way, using patch-averaged values.
The Prospect of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adult Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review

In recent years, there has been an increasing trend in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to lifestyle changes. The limited treatment option for the disease makes it challenging to manage. This study aims to summarize the relationship between NAFLD and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to give a clear idea of the risk factors in this systematic research. The five databases screened were PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and BMC using keywords and Medical Subject Heading (Mesh) combinations. The keywords used are “Metabolic Syndrome,” “Syndrome X,” “Insulin Resistance,” “Obesity,” “Type 2 Diabetes,” and “Dyslipidemia. ” Articles underwent a detailed process of screening and quality appraisal. Using the English language as a primary filtering parameter, papers over the last 13 years, dating from 2010 to 2023, are the basis of this review. We reviewed all possible human studies documenting NAFLD with a component of MetS. A total of 1106 papers were identified. After duplicate removal, 995 articles underwent a rigorous review, and 35 articles were chosen for quality appraisal. A total of 15 articles are part of this systematic review. This systematic review strongly concludes that NAFLD predominates in MetS patients. The pathophysiology and insulin resistance that is shared by the two conditions as well as the fact that obesity is at the center of both is the connecting factor in this. Besides various demographic and risk factors, physical activity and diet also play a role in the development of NAFLD. Consequently, more studies on this relevant topic are needed.
Second Law Analysis of Flow in a Circular Pipe With Uniform Suction and Magnetic Field Effects

The present paper investigates analytically the two-dimensional heat transfer and entropy generation characteristics of axisymmetric, incompressible viscous fluid flow in a horizontal circular pipe. The flow is subjected to an externally applied uniform suction across the wall in the normal direction and a constant magnetic field. Constant wall temperature is considered as the thermal boundary condition. The reduced Navier–Stokes equations in a cylindrical coordinate system are solved to obtain the velocity and temperature distributions. The velocity distributions are expressed in terms of stream function and the solution is obtained using the homotopy analysis method (HAM). Validation with earlier nonmagnetic solutions in the literature is incorporated. The effects of various parameters on axial and radial velocities, temperature, axial and radial entropy generation numbers, and axial and radial Bejan numbers are presented graphically and interpreted at length. Streamlines, isotherms, pressure, entropy generation number, and Bejan number contours are also visualized. Increasing magnetic body force parameter shifts the peak of the velocity curve near to the axis, whereas it accelerates the radial flow. The study is relevant to thermodynamic optimization of magnetic blood flows and electromagnetic industrial flows featuring heat transfer.
Another look at Sobolev spaces

The standard seminorm in the space $W^{s,p}$, with $s$<$1$, does not converge, when $s$ approaches $1$, to the corresponding $W^{1,p}$ seminorm. We prove that continuity is restored provided we multiply the $W^{s,p}$ seminorm by an appropriate factor.
Surgical complexity score as a predictor of surgical site infection in dentoalveolar surgeries

Introduction: Postoperative surgical site infections represent one of the most frequent complications related to health care and can increase morbidity and mortality, in addition to increasing treatment costs. Objectives: This study evaluated surgical site infections incidence after dentoalveolar surgeries of retained third molars. The article presents the development of a surgical complexity score that can be used as a predictive method for surgical site infections risk in dentoalveolar surgeries. Methodology: In this cross-sectional observational study, the sample was obtained for convenience, from medical records of patients diagnosed with tooth retention and who underwent dentoalveolar surgery of third molars, from 2015 to 2020. Demographic variables of patients, characteristics of the surgery and information regarding the diagnosis of surgical site infections in the postoperative period were collected. Results: A total of 360 medical records were analyzed, with 59 surgical site infection cases diagnosed (16.4%). There was a statistical difference (p<0.05) in the bivariate analysis correlating infection with time of procedure, type of incision and performance of ostectomy and tooth sectioning. Logistic regression analysis to identify the probability of infection showed no significance for any of the individual variables, except when they are combined composing the surgical complexity score, which was then significantly higher in surgical site infections cases. Conclusions: The surgical complexity score developed can be a new predictive tool for the occurrence of surgical site infections in dentoalveolar surgeries, taking into account that the greater the complexity of surgery, the greater risk.
Comparing spacings of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg stand: response in biomass and carbon stock above and below ground

Forests play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. Among the factors that can affect carbon stocks in forest stands, planting spacing stands out. This study verified the effect of spacing on biomass and carbon stock in a stand of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg at 56 months of age. They were planted with 3 x 2 m, 3 x 3 m, 4 x 3 m, 4 x 4 m and 5 x 5 m spacings. The biomass of the above-ground compartments (stem, branches, leaves and bark) and root biomass was quantified, totalling 16.42 and 6.68 Mg ha-1, respectively. The largest amount of biomass and carbon stock occurred in the denser spacings. Total biomass was twice as large at 3 x 2 m spacing compared to 5 x 5 m spacing. The root biomass represented 40.93% of the total biomass. The order of participation of the components in the total aboveground biomass was branches (44.99%), stem (40.77%), leaves (13.99%) and bark (4.90%). The denser spacings (3 x 2 m and 3 x 3 m) showed higher values of biomass and carbon stock than the wide spacings (4 x 3 m, 4 x 4 m and 5 x 5 m). There was no effect of planting spacing on carbon stock in necromass and soil. Keywords: biomass, carbon sequestration, silviculture.
Effect of Parenting Practices on ECDE Learner Achievement in Mathematics Activities in Chwele Zone, Kabuchai Sub-County, Bungoma County, Kenya

Proper parenting practices are instrumental in determining learner achievement in learning outcomes. While appropriate parenting practices enhance learner achievement, inappropriate parenting practices inhibit learner achievement in education. In Chwele zone ECDE centres, most children go to school hungry and unkempt; they hardly avail to school what they are asked for, and mostly thought to blame it on parenting practices. Few studies carried out in the area addressed matters of Free Primary Education (FPE), School Feeding Programs (SFP), and instructional materials versus children’s learning and development. Adequate efforts have not been made to establish the relationship that exists between parenting practices and learner achievement in Mathematical activities. This study examined the effect of parenting practices on learner achievement in Mathematics activities in the Chwele zone, with the purpose of establishing the effect of the provision of basic needs and supportive home conditions by parents on learner achievement in Mathematical activities. The theoretical framework used was derived from Lev Vygotsky’s theory of childhood psychological development. The theory states that parents have a vital role in supporting their children’s learning. The study employed a descriptive survey design to study the population of 27 Early Childhood Development (ECD) teachers in charge and 2097 parents. A convenience sampling technique was used to select a sample of 10 teachers and 150 parents from 10 ECDE centres. Questionnaires and interview schedule tools were administered to teachers and parents, respectively, to collect data. The instruments were formulated from the study’s objectives and given to an expert to check their appropriateness. Descriptive analysis in frequency counts and percentages analysed quantitative data. Content analysis analysed qualitative data, which were presented in frequency tables and graphs. Findings indicated that the majority of parents did not take good care of their children in terms of healthy feeding, appropriate clothing, proper care, and demonstration of active participation in mathematics activities. From interviews, results showed that the only way in which parents involved children in mathematical activities at home was by helping with home chores. The study recommends children’s healthy stimulation to be parents’ paramount endeavour because helping children to develop holistically is necessary for meaningful learning. Parents should also be made aware that proper nutrition and general child care enhance proper brain development, a condition that spurs the learning of mathematics activities.
Informative Bayesian Type A uncertainty evaluation, especially applicable to a small number of observations

A criticism levelled at the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) is that it is based on a mixture of frequentist and Bayesian thinking. In particular, the GUM’s Type A (statistical) uncertainty evaluations are frequentist, whereas the Type B evaluations, using state-of-knowledge distributions, are Bayesian. In contrast, making the GUM fully Bayesian implies, among other things, that a conventional objective Bayesian approach to Type A uncertainty evaluation for a number n of observations leads to the impractical consequence that n must be at least equal to 4, thus presenting a difficulty for many metrologists. This paper presents a Bayesian analysis of Type A uncertainty evaluation that applies for all n⩾2, as in the frequentist analysis in the current GUM. The analysis is based on assuming that the observations are drawn from a normal distribution (as in the conventional objective Bayesian analysis), but uses an informative prior based on lower and upper bounds for the standard deviation of the sampling distribution for the quantity under consideration. The main outcome of the analysis is a closed-form mathematical expression for the factor by which the standard deviation of the mean observation should be multiplied to calculate the required standard uncertainty. Metrological examples are used to illustrate the approach, which is straightforward to apply using a formula or look-up table.
The Effect of Modernization of Tax Administration System, Technology Support, and Tax Awareness on Individual Taxpayer Compliance

: This research is quantitative research with the determination of the number of samples using a purposive sampling technique of 100 samples. Data was collected through a questionnaire with the help of Google Forms. The data were analyzed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method with SmartPLS 3.0. application with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the modernization of the tax administration system and technology support had a positive but not significant effect on individual taxpayer compliance. These results are in line with the research respondents who are individual taxpayers who have the view that the online tax administration system is difficult to apply and the facilities used often experience obstacles that hinder the tax reporting process. This confirms that the TAM theory which is a development of TRA is more at the level of perceived usefulness as a means of reporting tax obligations without regard to perceived ease of use. Meanwhile, tax awareness has a positive and significant effect on individual taxpayer compliance. This is in line with the theory of planned behavior which states that individuals will consider positive or negative impacts on their behavior. The results of this study have a practical contribution to individual taxpayers and tax authorities. For individual taxpayers, it is used as a consideration for deciding to use tax digitization services. For tax authorities, it is useful for the preparation of services and policies that take into account the behavioral preferences of individual taxpayers in utilizing services.
Impact of front line demonstrations on yield, knowledge adoption and horizontal spread of cumin crop in arid zone

Front line demonstrations were conducted in Bheenjwadia village of Jodhpur district of Rajasthan by Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur during 2010-11 to 2014-15. Total 67 farmers from Bheenjwadia village were selected. The demonstrations were laid out on farmer's field according to recommended package of practices of Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI), Jodhpur. The farmers practice was considered as control plot in demonstration cluster. A significant enhancement in the yield of cumin was recorded over the control by 26.06, 15.17, 18.90, 28.24 and 47.07 percent for the year 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-14 and 2014-15, respectively. The overall knowledge and adoption level of cumin production technology was increased by 39.76 and 198.29 per cent, respectively due to front line demonstrations. The local variety of cumin replaced by GC-4 in demonstration area and significantly increased in area horizontally by 443.07 per cent.
STABLE ISOTOPES (δ13C AND δ15N) ANALYSIS INDICATE RESOURCE PARTITIONING BY ELASMOBRANCHS FROM THE TROPICAL COASTAL WATERS OF KUALA PAHANG, MALAYSIA

Nearshore habitats support high levels of biodiversity and important ecological processes such as trophic dynamics. This study aims to determine the trophic dynamics of elasmobranchs and other marine species from the coastal waters of Kuala Pahang, using stable isotope analysis. Samples of invertebrates, teleosts, and juvenile elasmobranchs were collected at the coastal waters of Kuala Pahang, and the composition of stable isotopes δ13C and δ15N were determined. Of all species, teleosts had the narrowest range of δ13C values, of between -17.5‰ and -16.7‰, indicating their reliance on similar types of food resources. On the contrary, elasmobranchs had the widest range of food sources as indicated by the δ13C values, of between -26.8‰ and-16.8‰. The banded sicklefish (Drepane longimana) occupied the highest trophic level as indicated by a δ15N value of 12.4‰, whereas the red stingray (Hemitrygon akajei) had the lowest trophic level with a δ15N value of 4.9‰. The depleted δ13C values indicated resource partitioning among elasmobranchs, presumably due to the utilisation on estuarine-based carbon resources. This study highlights the potential importance of the estuary of Kuala Pahang as a feeding ground for juvenile elasmobranchs.
Dependence of density fluctuations on shape and collisionality in positive- and negative-triangularity tokamak plasmas

The effects of plasma shaping, in particular of the triangularity δ, on plasma turbulence, in terms of relative density fluctuations, have been studied in the TCV tokamak. It has been found that for inner wall limited L-mode plasmas, negative triangularity leads to a substantial reduction of turbulence amplitude, as well as of the spectral index and correlation length, consistent with the beneficial effect on energy confinement. Crucially, this reduction extends deep in the core, where the local triangularity becomes vanishingly small. A stabilizing effect of effective collisionality on trapped electron mode turbulence was also observed. These observations are consistent with previous experimental results on the effects of triangularity and collisionality on electron heat transport, as well as with global gyrokinetic GENE simulation results.