Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stellar yields for chemical evolution modelling

Abstract Stellar yields are a key ingredient in chemical evolution models. Stars with masses as low as 0.9M⊙, which have an age less than that of our Galaxy at low metallicity, can contribute to the chemical evolution of elements. Stars less than about 8–10M⊙ experience recurrent mixing events that can significantly change the surface composition of the envelope. Evolved stars are observed with surface enrichment in carbon, nitrogen, fluorine, and heavy elements synthesized by the slow neutron capture process (the s-process). These stars release their nucleosynthesis products through stellar outflows or winds, in contrast to massive stars that explode as core-collapse supernovae. Here I review stellar yields for stars up to 10M⊙, including a brief discussion of their uncertainties and shortcomings. Finally, I discuss efforts by various groups to address these issues and to provide homogeneous yields for low and intermediate-mass stars covering a broad range of metallicities.
Clinical Significance of ABCG2/BCRP Quantified by Fluorescent Nanoparticles in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Simple Summary Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is a drug efflux pump associated with chemotherapy resistance. Effective quantitative analysis of BCRP expression in breast cancer tissue is essential for predicting breast cancer survival. Our laboratory developed nanoparticles suitable for quantitative immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis, called phosphor-integrated dots (PIDs). We examined the association between BCRP expression and prognosis among primary breast tumor sites and metastatic lymph nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in 37 breast cancer patients using IHC with PIDs at the single-particle level. The results show that overall survival was significantly worse in the high-BCRP-expression group (log-rank p = 0.0089). Quantitative BCRP expression analysis of primary tumors and breast cancer metastases could predict the prognosis of breast cancer patients after NAC. The IHC-PIDs were effective at the quantitative detection of the biomarker protein. Abstract Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), also known as ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2), is associated with chemotherapy resistance. BCRP is also implicated in breast cancer stem cells, and is reported as a poor prognostic factor. However, the relationship of BCRP levels in breast cancer tissues with chemotherapy resistance and prognosis has not been clarified. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between BCRP expression and prognosis in breast cancer using immunohistochemistry with fluorescent phosphor-integrated dots (IHC-PIDs). A total of 37 breast cancer patients with residual cancer in the primary tumor and axillary lymph nodes were evaluated. BCRP levels in breast cancer tissue and metastatic lymph nodes were quantitatively detected after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Among these 37 patients, 24 had corresponding core needle biopsies obtained before NAC. Biomarker assay with IHC-PIDs showed high accuracy for the quantitative assessment of BCRP with low expression. High BCRP expression in the primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes after preoperative chemotherapy was associated with worse overall survival. In conclusion, high BCRP levels may be associated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer, having residual tumors within the primary tumor and lymph nodes after preoperative chemotherapy. These findings provide a basis for further appropriate adjuvant therapy in these patients.
Human Endogenous Retrovirus, SARS-CoV-2, and HIV Promote PAH via Inflammation and Growth Stimulation

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a pulmonary vascular disease characterized by the progressive elevation of pulmonary arterial pressures. It is becoming increasingly apparent that inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of PAH. Several viruses are known to cause PAH, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), human endogenous retrovirus K(HERV-K), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), in part due to acute and chronic inflammation. In this review, we discuss the connections between HERV-K, HIV, SARS-CoV-2, and PAH, to stimulate research regarding new therapeutic options and provide new targets for the treatment of the disease.
Persistent High Pulse Pressure in Acute Non-Cardiogenic Ischemic Stroke as a Predictor of Neurological Deterioration and Recurrence of Ischemic Stroke: ADS Post-Hoc Analysis

Aim: Studies investigating the relationship between pulse pressure (PP) and prognosis in acute ischemic stroke remain limited. Thus, in this study, we aim to determine whether changes in PP in the early phase of ischemic stroke are associated with neurological deterioration or stroke recurrence. Methods: Patients who participated in the Acute Aspirin Plus Cilostazol Dual Therapy for Non-cardiogenic Stroke Patients Within 48 Hours of Symptom Onset (ADS) trial were included in this study. We then divided the patients into four groups (low-low, low-high, high-low, high-high) according to low or high PP both on admission and 24 h after admission. The threshold PP calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of PP on admission for neurological deterioration within 14 days and recurrent ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) within 3 months was 69 mmHg. Results: Neurological deterioration within 14 days was observed in 118 patients (10.6%), whereas recurrent ischemic stroke/TIA within 3 months was noted in 34 patients (3.2%). Among these four groups, both neurological deterioration within 14 days (odds ratio [OR] 2.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–3.91;p=0.0209) and recurrent ischemic stroke/TIA within 3 months (OR 4.80; 95% CI 1.62–14.86;p=0.0064) were significantly more frequent in the high-high group than in the low-low group as per the results of our multivariate analysis. In addition, neurological deterioration within 14 days was significantly higher in the high-low group than that in the low-low group (OR 2.70; 95% CI 1.44–5.05;p=0.0019). Conclusions: High PP during the acute phase of ischemic stroke appears to be associated with ischemic stroke recurrence and neurological deterioration, particularly if PP is elevated both on admission and 24 h later after admission.
3D plausible orbital stability close to asteroid (216) Kleopatra

Recent data processing showed the existence of a difference that can reach 25 per cent for the dimensions of asteroid (216) Kleopatra between the radar observations and the light curves. We rebuild the shape of (216) Kleopatra from these new data applying a correction’s factor of the size of 1.15 and estimate certain physical features by using the polyhedral model method. In our computations, we use a code that avoids singularities from the line integrals of a homogeneous arbitrary shaped polyhedral source. Then, we ﬁnd the location of the equilibrium points through the pseudo-potential energy and zero-velocity curves. The behaviour of the zero-velocity curves differ substantially if we apply a scale size of 1.15 relative to the original shape of (216) Kleopatra. Taking the rotation of asteroid (216) Kleopatra into consideration, the aim of this work is to analyse the stability against impact and the dynamics of numerical simulations of 3D initially equatorial and polar orbits near the body. As results, we show that the minimum radii are more suited for the stability against impact. We ﬁnd also that the minimum radius for direct, equatorial circular orbits that cannot impact with (216) Kleopatra surface is 300 km and the lower limit on radius for polar circular orbits is 240 km. Stable orbits occur at 280 km for equatorial circular orbits despite signiﬁcant perturbations of its orbit. Moreover, as the orbits suffer less perturbations due to the irregular gravitational potential of (216) Kleopatra in the elliptic case, the most signiﬁcant result of the analysis is that stable orbits exist at a periapsis radius of 250 km for initial eccentricities e i = 0.2
The modulatory effects of black chia (Salvia hispanica) and garden cress (Lepidium sativum) seeds on Nε-CML formation in streptozotocin-injected rats

Introduction: Antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties of some plant seeds are considered natural preventives for diabetic-associated glycation. This study is concerned with the evaluation of the bioactive components of black chia and garden cress seeds and the examination of their modulatory effects on hyperglycemia and associated glycation induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Methods: Forty male rats were divided into 4 groups, 10 rats each: Group 1 (healthy control group); group 2 (diabetic group): rats injected STZ intraperitoneally to induce hyperglycemia; group 3 and group 4: rats treated (after diabetic induction) with 1 mL (20% w/w) black chia and garden cress seed extract, respectively. Results: STZ injection caused marked hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, glycation, and inflammation condition with disturbance in organs functions and structural alterations in pancreatic tissue, while; treatment with black chia and garden cress seed extracts showed remarkable (P < 0.05) modulatory effects on hyperglycemia and associated disorders. Conclusion: Black chia and garden cress seeds might be used in the management of diabetes and associated glycation.
Research on Modeling and Optimization Method of Cement Clinker Calcination Process Based on EGPR Model and Steady State Detection

This paper proposes a modeling and optimization method for cement clinker calcination process based on gaussian process regression ensemble (EGPR) model and steady-state detection. Firstly, a modeling strategy based on EGPR model is proposed achieve an accurate description of the dynamic relationship between coal consumption, free calcium oxide (f-CaO) and operation status variables. Secondly, a multivariate steady-state detection method based on trend feature extraction is proposed for the characteristics of mixing steady-state data and dynamic data in the clinker calcination process, which achieves steady-state detection of the process and completes data denoising at the same time.Then, the optimization problem is solved using the bayesian optimization (BO) algorithm Finally, the production data of cement companies are used for validation. The results show that the overall modeling and optimization strategy proposed in this paper provides a feasible solution for achieving the optimization of energy consumption in cement clinker calcination process.
Nonlinear parametric rolling in regular waves : An approximate analytical solution for the response curve in the region of first parametric resonance

An approximate analytical solution for the parametric roll response curve in the first parametric resonance zone is presented. Comparisons between analytical predictions and results obtained by means of numerical time domain simulations are performed in order to check the accuracy of the method. The use of a highly nonlinear 1.5-DOF model allows the disclosure of the presence of fold and pitchfork bifurcations. The method can be a simple and good aid both in the early design stage and for experimental planning. As an exercise showing the capabilities of the analytical methodology, the influence of damping parameters on the roll response is analyzed for a roll-on/roll-off (RO/RO) Pax.
Impact of wave incidence parameters on laser radar detection of conducting targets with H-wave polarization

This work is to select precisely the proper frequency range that reduces the dependence of the laser radar cross-section (LRCS) on the incident wave parameters. In doing this, we investigate the effect of these parameters including incident angle and the beam width on the LRCS. We present a numerical analysis of the effect of the H-wave polarization on the radar detection capability in random medium and hence compare it with the freespace case. In doing this, our calculations use a boundary value method considering surface current on the whole contour of the object. As a result, the performance of the LRCS is studied with the target configuration assuming the creeping waves that have remarkable influence especially in the resonance range.
Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm With Adaptive Resource Allocation for Truck-Drone Collaborative Delivery and Pick-Up Services

To efficiently implement the truck-drone collaborative logistics system, we introduce a multi-objective truck-drone collaborative routing problem with delivery and pick-up services (MCRP-DP). A truck collaborating with a fleet of drones serves three types of customers that require delivery, pick-up, and simultaneous delivery & pick-up services, respectively. Different from most of the existing studies where the drone visits only one customer in a flight, we allow the drone to serve another customer requiring pick-up service when it completes a delivery service. Meanwhile, we simultaneously optimize three objectives: transportation costs, waiting time of vehicles (i.e., truck and drone), and service reliability. To solve MCRP-DP, we propose an objective space decomposition-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm with adaptive resource allocation (ODEA-ARA). In ODEA-ARA, an objective space decomposition strategy is used to maintain the diversity while an adaptive resource allocation strategy is designed to improve convergence. We design an ensemble of relative improvement and relative contribution to assist the resource allocation and a variable neighborhood Pareto local search integrating 7 problem-specific neighborhood structures to improve the solution. Extensive computational experiments are carried out to evaluate the performance of ODEA-ARA. The experimental results show that ODEA-ARA outperforms its competitors. Meanwhile, several useful managerial insights are presented.
Plasma Induced Charging Damage Causing MOS Device Reliability Lifetime Degradation Originating From Well Charging of a Technology With Deep Trench Isolation

Well charging from plasma processing induced charging damage (PID) is an important reliability failure mechanism, which is present for technologies with isolated well areas. It requires a comprehensive PID qualification during technology development for a solid definition of well charging antenna rules in the design manual, which can guarantee a robust product design. A literature review on the well charging topic indicates a lot of characterization work on technologies with triple well or deep n-well. In this work a process node with a 7.5 nm gate oxide and deep trench isolation is investigated. It is found out that the well charging causes a MOS transistor parameter drift and no increased gate oxide leakage currents, which were reported in most earlier investigations. The findings of this work are based on PMOS and NMOS test structures with various well areas and antenna sizes and three reliability stress methods, constant current gate oxide stress, hot carrier stress and negative bias temperature instability stress. The most significant conclusion is that the MOS transistor lifetime clearly decreases with increasing antenna area and/or with increasing well size, which was verified by all three different reliability stress types.
Petits posets : dénombrement, représentabilité par cercles et compenseurs

On denombre tous les posets a 10 elements, on montre que ceux qui ont au plus 7 elements sont representables par cercles et on introduit un nouvel outil combinatoire: le compenseur. Chacun des trois aspects de notre etude est accompagne de plusieurs conjectures et questions
Genomic features of meiotic crossovers in diploid potato

Abstract Meiotic recombination plays an important role in genome evolution and crop improvement. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the most important tuber crop in the world, but research about meiotic recombination in potato is limited. Here, we resequenced 2163 F2 clones derived from five different genetic backgrounds and identified 41 945 meiotic crossovers. Some recombination suppression in euchromatin regions was associated with large structural variants. We also detected five shared crossover hotspots. The number of crossovers in each F2 individual from the accession Upotato 1 varied from 9 to 27, with an average of 15.5, 78.25% of which were mapped within 5 kb of their presumed location. We show that 57.1% of the crossovers occurred in gene regions, with poly-A/T, poly-AG, AT-rich, and CCN repeats enriched in the crossover intervals. The recombination rate is positively related with gene density, SNP density, Class II transposon, and negatively related with GC density, repeat sequence density and Class I transposon. This study deepens our understanding of meiotic crossovers in potato and provides useful information for diploid potato breeding.
Visualization Analysis of the Results of Continuum-Atomistic Modeling of a Coulomb Explosion in Metals Under the Influence of Ultrashort (fs, ps) Laser Action

A continuum-atomistic model that describes nonequilibrium thermal, hydrodynamic, and electronic processes in metals that occur under the action of ultrashort (fs, ps) laser radiation has been developed. A detailed study of two mechanisms of ultrashort laser ablation of Cu was carried out: fast - Coulomb, determined by Coulomb forces, and slow - thermal, realized in the unloading wave after the end of the laser pulse. Modeling showed that the excess nonequilibrium pressure of collectivized electrons plays a leading role in the formation of a strong electric field at the metal-vacuum interface. This effect can be taken as the basis for the Coulomb explosion in metals. The main feature of the work is the widespread use of modern visualization tools for processing and presenting simulation results.
Connecting citizens through participatory design activities: Lessons from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Abstract Construction of affordable housing in Malaysia has been one of the national objectives set by its government, ensuring low-income families have access to adequate housing. This paper discusses the perceptions and the needs of residents for the development of single-family housing units for low-income families in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia based on the outcomes from participatory design activities in the city. As part of these activities, a series of six focus groups and participatory design workshops were conducted in Kuala Lumpur. The findings from these interactive sessions are to be used in the development of proposals for new housing in the city built for low-income families, advocating for consideration of the views of the residents in the design process.
The Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Nine Smilacaceae Species from Hong Kong: Inferring Infra- and Inter-Familial Phylogeny

The Smilacaceae is a cosmopolitan family consisting of 200–370 described species. The family includes two widely accepted genera, namely Smilax and Heterosmilax. Among them, the taxonomical status of Heterosmilax has been continuously challenged. Seven Smilax and two Heterosmilax species can be found in Hong Kong, with most of them having medicinal importance. This study aims to revisit the infra-familial and inter-familial relationships of the Smilacaceae using complete chloroplast genomes. The chloroplast genomes of the nine Smilacaceae species from Hong Kong were assembled and annotated, which had sizes of 157,885 bp to 159,007 bp; each of them was identically annotated for 132 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 38 transfer RNA genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA genes. The generic status of Heterosmilax was not supported because it was nested within the Smilax clade in the phylogenetic trees, echoing previous molecular and morphological studies. We suggest delimitating the genus Heterosmilax as a section under the genus Smilax. The results of phylogenomic analysis support the monophyly of Smilacaceae and the exclusion of Ripogonum from the family. This study contributes to the systematics and taxonomy of monocotyledons, authentication of medicinal Smilacaceae, and conservation of plant diversity.
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Are Protective Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations in Infants: A Population-Based Observational Study

Abstract Background Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) reduced the risk of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in a randomized clinical trial. We aimed to assess the real-world effectiveness of PCV on RSV-hospitalizations among Western Australian infants. Methods We conducted a population-based cohort study of births during 2000–2012, using probabilistically linked individual-level immunization, hospitalization, respiratory microbiology testing, and perinatal data. We performed Cox proportional hazard models with time-varying exposure (receipt of infant PCV doses) against the first RSV-confirmed hospitalization 0–12 months adjusted for perinatal and sociodemographic factors. Results From 360 994 children, 3-dose PCV coverage in Aboriginal infants ranged from 29% to 51% in 2001–2004 when PCV was funded for Aboriginal children only. Following universal funding in 2005, coverage increased to 85% for Aboriginal and 73% for non-Aboriginal infants. RSV-hospitalization rates were highest in young infants aged 0–5 months (22.5/1000 child-years) and >2 times higher in Aboriginal infants than in non-Aboriginal infants. Receipt of ≥3 PCV doses in the universal funded period was associated with a 30% reduction in RSV-hospitalization in Aboriginal infants (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR 0.70 [95% confidence interval, CI 0.46–1.06]) and 21% reduction in non-Aboriginal infants (aHR 0.79 [95% CI 0.63–0.99]) compared with unvaccinated infants. Conclusions Prior to the introduction of RSV vaccines, our study suggests that universal childhood PCV vaccination may result in a reduction in severe RSV infections in children and may be important for countries that are yet to consider PCV programs.
Extension Dynamics of the Northern Fonualei Rift and Spreading Center and the Southern Mangatolu Triple Junction in the Lau Basin at 16°S

Due to the complexity of 2D magnetic anomaly maps north of 18°S and the sparsity of seismic data, the tectonic evolution of the northern Lau Basin has not yet been unraveled. We use a multi‐method approach to reconstruct the formation of the basin at ∼16°S by compiling seismic, magnetic, gravimetric and geochemical data along a 185 km‐long crustal transect. We identified a crustal zonation which preserves the level of subduction input at the time of the crust's formation. Paired with the seafloor magnetization, the crustal zonation enabled us to qualitatively approximate the dynamic spreading history of the region. Further assessment of the recent tectonic activity and the degree of tectonic overprinting visible in the crust both suggest a complex tectonic history including a dynamically moving spreading center and the reorganizing of the local magma supply. Comparing the compiled data sets has revealed substantial differences in the opening mechanisms of the two arms of the Overlapping Spreading Center (OSC) that is made up by the northernmost tip of the Fonualei Rift and Spreading Center in the east and the southernmost segment of the Mangatolu Triple Junction in the west. The observed transition from a predominantly tectonic opening mechanism at the eastern OSC arm to a magmatic opening mechanism at the western OSC arm coincides with an equally sharp transition from and strongly subduction influenced crust to a crust with virtually no subduction input. The degree of subduction input alters the geochemical composition, as well as the lithospheric stress response.
Rates of convergence for random approximations of convex sets

The Hausdorff distance between a compact convex set K ⊂ ℝd and random sets is studied. Basic inequalities are derived for the case of being a convex subset of K. If applied to special sequences of such random sets, these inequalities yield rates of almost sure convergence. With the help of duality considerations these results are extended to the case of being the intersection of a random family of halfspaces containing K.