Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consent in Sex Education: Teacher Perspectives on Teaching Consent in the Updated Health and Physical Education Curriculum

ii Acknowledgements iii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.0 Research Context and Problem 1 1.1 Purpose of Study 4 1.2 Research Questions 5 1.3 Background of the Researcher 5 1.4 Overview 7 Chapter 2: Literature Review 8 2.0 Introduction 8 2.1 Young People and Sex 8 2.2 School-based Sex Education 10 2.2.1 Issues with today’s sex education 12 2.2.1.1 Sex education and gender stereotypes 13 2.2.1.2 What’s missing from sex education? 16 2.3 Consent Research 17 2.3. 1 Defining consent 18 2.3. 2 Consent, miscommunication and bad sexual behaviours 19 2.3. 3 Teaching consent 22 2.4 Conclusion 24 Chapter 3: Research Methodology 27
Comparison between Radioiodine Therapeutic and Diagnostic Whole Body Scans in Postoperative Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Patients Correlation with Serum Thyroglobulin Levels

Purpose: It has been reported that high image quality and high sensitivity can be achieved by the I-131 posttherapy scan. We aim to demonstrate through our clinical experience the efficacy of I-131 therapeutic whole body scans (WBSs) compared to diagnostic scans in detecting lesions and to appraise whether the differentiated thyroid carcinoma patient has to undergo postoperative radioiodine therapy based on the diagnostic scan and/or thyroglobulin level. Method: 263 patients (193 females, 70 males, 19-67 years old) with welldifferentiated thyroid carcinoma (208 papillary, 55 follicular) underwent postoperative diagnostic radioiodine scan. All patients (263) were imaged 48 hours after receiving a diagnostic I-131 dose of 111-185 MBq (3-5 mCi). Two hundred seven (207) with a postoperative thyroid ablation and I-131 uptake above 2% received an 1110-4440 MBq (30-120 mCi) therapeutic I-131 dose and were imaged 72 hours thereafter. Images from both scans, diagnostic and therapeutic, were compared for the presence and the intensity of thyroid cancer lesions (recurrences and metastases) and correlated to the serum thyroglobulin level. Results : Compared to negative diagnostic WBSs (25 patients) and those with high serum thyroglobulin level (110 patients), therapeutic scans revealed positive lesions in 19/25 patients (76%). Almost all lesions (104/ 110) were detected and more clearly defined in the therapeutic scan than the diagnostic scan. Sensitivity was calculated to be 96% for therapeutic WBS and 88% for diagnostic WBS, respectively. Only 7/207 patients (3.4%) who received a high therapeutic dose (4440 MBq) showed a greater lesion uptake in the diagnostic scan than the therapeutic scan. Conclusion: The findings indicate that therapeutic scans are more effective than diagnostic scans for follow-up studies in differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients undergoing postoperative radioiodine treatment. Despite recording a negative diagnostic scan, postoperative radioiodine therapy still had to be performed for those patients with high serum thyroglobulin levels.
Yoga in Higher Education: North American Educators and the Use of Yoga as Pedagogy: A Dissertation

This study used eighteen interviews and a self-administered online questionnaire (n=117) to examine the use of yoga as pedagogy in undergraduate and graduate level classrooms in North America. The results of this study suggest that educators define yoga in three distinct ways: as a modern postural practice (eight interview participants), a philosophical orientation (seven interview participants) and a New Age orientation (three interview participants). The data from this research indicates that educators who view yoga as a modern postural practice and a philosophical orientation were highly committed to maintaining the following characteristics of higher education: secularism, the biomedical model, and the need for rational thinking. Educators using yoga as pedagogy were involved in a complex process that attempts to balance indigenous practices (yoga) with the tensions, needs and culture of higher education. INTRODUCTION: THE SIGNIFICANCE AND CONTEXT FOR YOGA AS PEDAGOGY There is nothing ―merely academic‖ about how we think and what we think we know.In the case of the academy, we can know that knowledge that is claimed to be objective and inclusive yet reflects and perpetuates social discrimination and prejudices fails even on its own terms (Minnich, 2005, pp. 1, 80). The philosophers and sages of India discussed yoga as a method by which the individual could attain the physical and mental clarity necessary to transcend his or her limited concepts of self. While the understanding of ―yoga‖ may have been influenced by early Vedic thought and is referenced in the Mahābhārata and Sāmkhya Kārikā, it is most commonly associated with Patañjali‘s Yoga Sūtras, considered a 2 nd BCE text (Leggett, 1990). Patañjali‘s classical yoga is one of the shad dharshan, or six philosophical systems considered essential for intellectual mastery in India (Radakrishna, 1998). It is a theistic system that emphasizes the power of the mind and relies ―primarily on immediate perception as a means of knowledge‖ (Brockington, et al., 2003, p. 15 ). According to the philosopher Patañjali, the mind is the cause of internal conflict, suffering and distress. Patañjali offers a cognitive process 1 by which he believes clarity of thinking can be obtained. The steps he outlines to obtain this clarity are ethics, bodily postures, breathing practices, withdrawing the senses from the external environment and concentration techniques. Other forms of yoga (bhakti, karma, jnana, hatha -see Glossary, pp. 194-199) are non-dual, or situated in the belief that our embodied 1 Classical yoga in itself is a diverse discipline that eight techniques to help the individual ground their thinking in the present moment: yama and niyama (ethical disciplines), āsanas (physical postures), prānāyama (breathing practices), dharna (concentration techniques), and dhyana (meditation).
Analysis and application of the SRBSDV P9-1 octamer crystal structure for the target of α-amino phosphonate derivatives

Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) P9-1 octameric protein accumulates viroplasms in SRBSDV-infected plant and insect cells, our previous studies found α-amino phosphonate drug—dufulin had a micromole affinity with SRBSDV P9-1. Now we focus our studies on the SRBSDV P9-1 crystal structure and use it as the target for α-amino phosphonate derivatives. The structure of the SRBSDV P9-1 cylindrical octamer was determined to a 2.2 Å resolution using X-ray crystallography, this structure was composed of nine α-helices, nine β-sheets and a series of interconnecting loops. The structures of all eight subunits were nearly identical, except for some differences in the β-sheet core. There were six different sites (R20K, V109D, F164T, V123L, C124L and V128T) present between the SRBSDV P9-1 and the previously reported RBSDV P9-1 crystal structure. Fluorescence titration, isothermal calorimetry and microscale thermophoresis experiments showed that α-amino phosphonate derivatives GUFCC-013 and GUFCC-023 bound to SRBSDV P9-1 with micromole binding affinities. These results will provide important help for the further improvement of the lead compound and develop the potential anti-SRBSDV
Status and Distribution of the Bobcat (Lynx rufus) in Illinois

We compiled data from a variety of hunter and trapper surveys and sighting records (n = 3,123) to provide a current record of bobcat (Lynx rufus) distribution and relative abundance throughout the state. A subset (n = 2,212) of these data was used to analyze regional and annual trends in abundance. Bobcats were sighted in 99 of 102 Illinois counties, and trends from multiple types of surveys suggested that abundance increased throughout the state during the 1990s, especially in the 16 southernmost Illinois counties. There were >30 reported sightings of bobcats from each of 17 counties which we defined as indicative of a high resident bobcat population. Counties with the most overall sightings were Union, Jackson, and Johnson. Only DeKalb, Piatt, and Stark counties had no sightings during the study period. We concluded that the bobcat was widely distributed in Illinois and no longer warranted classification as "threatened" as defined by the Illinois Endangered Species Protection Board. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science received 9/14/99 (2000), Volume 93, #2, pp. 165-173 accepted 1/16/00 Status and Distribution of the Bobcat (Lynx rufus) in Illinois Alan Woolf, Clayton K. Nielsen, and Tara Gibbs Kieninger Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Illinois 62901 Current address: Illinois Department of Natural Resources Watershed Management Section 524 South Second Street Springfield, Illinois 62701
Karaciğer Nakli Sonuçları Üzerinde Kan Transfüzyonlarının Etkisi ve Transfüzyon Gereksinimini Etkileyen Faktörler

BACKROUND: The aim of this study is to identify the preoperative variables associated with prediction of intraoperative blood transfusion as well as analyze the influence of intraoperative blood transfusion on postoperative outcomes. MATERIALS and METHOD: Between June 2004 and May 2006 a total of 81 liver transplantation (16 CDLT, 65 LDLT) were performed on 81 patients (56 male and 25 female) who had end stage liver at our hospital. The patients were split in two groups, as similar previous studies. High transfusion group (HTG) (g4 RBC) was compaired againts the low transfusion group (LTG) (l 4RBC). Univariate analysis was performed with the independent student's t- test for quantitative variables and chi-square test was used for qualitative variables after data categorization and calculation. RESULTS: The mean transfused units of red blood cell (RBC) was 5.41. Patient's age, availabity of HCV and elevated Child score had significance for intraoperative blood transfusion requirement. Postoperative mortality and reoperation rate had significantly elevated in HTG patients also HTG patients had more infectious. CONCLUSION: We concluded that high blood transfusion has major effect on posttransplant complications and postoperative mortality Key words: Liver transplantation, Blood transfusion, Postoperative outcomes
Histopathological classification of ovarian neoplasm: a retrospective study of 612 cases from a regional cancer centre, Odisha, India

Background: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death amongst women in India. Identification of histological types helps to predict tumor behaviour and further appropriate management. Aims and objectives is to study the histopathological parameters of ovarian tumor. Methods: This retrospective study was done on patients who presented ovarian mass and subsequently underwent surgery in a Regional Cancer Centre, Odisha, over a period of three years from January 2016 to December 2018. All datas such as age, site, gross findings and histological tumor types were retrieved from pathology and analyzed using MS Excel worksheet. Results: A total 612 cases of ovarian tumor were included for study. Non-neoplastic to neoplastic tumor ratio was 1:7.74. Surface epithelial tumors comprised the majority of tumors, accounting for 452 cases (83.39%). Malignant lesions were predominant in this series 416 cases (76%). Majority of borderline tumors were of mucinous subtype 20 (76.92%). The Mean±SD ages of all benign comprising, borderline and malignant tumors were 47.4±11.9, 44.9±14.3 and 46.9±13, respectively. On the basis of two tired grading system, high grade malignant serous tumors were maximum, 226 (74.34%). Ovarian surface involvement, omental invasion, uterine invasion, LVSI, capsular invasion and pelvic lymph node involvement was observed in 146 (35.26%), 106 (25.6%), 12 (2.89%), 70 (16.9%), 6 (1.44%) and 12 (2.89%) respectively. According to the FIGO staging system, among primary malignant tumor, 58% patients were presented in late stage (III and IV). Conclusions: The high incidence of malignant ovarian tumor with late presentation was observed in our study. So, further study is warranted to elucidate the major factors in our population.
Study of maternal mortality in a tertiary care hospital in a tribal KBK area of Odisha, India

Background: Pregnancy, although being considered a physiological state, carries risk of serious maternal morbidity and at times death. This is due to various complications that may occur during pregnancy, labor, or thereafter. The major causes of maternal mortality are mostly preventable through regular antenatal check-up, proper diagnosis, and management of labor complications. Therefore, the factors at different levels affecting the use of these services need to be clearly understood. The aim is to study the incidence of MMR, assess the epidemiological aspects, causes of maternal mortality and avoidable factors that can prevent maternal deaths.Methods: A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted in obstetrics and gynecology department, SLN MCH, a tertiary care referral hospital in a tribal area of southern Odisha over a period of 2 years from April 2017 to March 2019.Results: A total of 108 deaths were analyzed over 2 years period and MMR was calculated to be 1124/1 lakh live births. Most of the maternal deaths occurred in the age group of 20-24 years (35.1%), majority of maternal deaths were observed in multipara (46.3%), 70.3% deaths occurred within 24 hours of admission. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (37%) were the leading direct cause followed by hemorrhage (14.8%) and sepsis (11.1%). Among the indirect causes jaundice (7.4%) and anaemia (3.7%) were the leading cause.Conclusions: MMR in our study was very high as compared to national average of 167/1,00,000 live births, being a tertiary care hospital as most of the patients were referred from peripheral centers. Most maternal deaths are preventable by intensive health education, basic obstetric care for all, strengthening referral and communication system and emphasizing on overall safe motherhood.
Web-Based Synchronous Speaking Platforms: Students’ Attitudes and Practices

This study employed the interaction hypothesis (Long, 1983) to investigate attitudes towards different English accents (i.e., American and British) of 40 male undergraduate EFL students majoring in English. It explored the reasons for such views, as well as identifying the accent the participants found most effective for communication. The study also examined students’ attitudes to online speaking by means of a Synchronous Computer-Mediated Communication (SCMC) website known as ‘Cambly’. Students were granted free access to the Cambly website for live interaction with Native English Speakers (NES). Each student talked for 15 minutes with an American and British interlocutor, enabling the researcher to recognize the common topics appearing within these conversations. Data were collected using a mixed-method approach, employing a web-based survey of closed and open-ended questions, alongside the recorded conversations. The key findings reveal that students enjoyed the SCMC conversation and also found it beneficial for improving their speaking skills. Furthermore, SCMC allowed students to choose the topic and negotiate meaning with native speakers during a lengthy conversation. This study establishes that students preferred American to British accents and felt more confident in understanding American speakers. The study concludes by highlighting the practical implications for teaching speaking skills, also suggesting new directions for future research.
EPICURE 2: EXPLORING INCREASED SURVIVAL OF EXTREMELY PRETERM BABIES

Background The EPICure 2 study shows increased survival (40–52%, p Objective To explore reasons for increased survival by studying survival curves and changes in the population and clinical practice between 1995 and 2006. Results Analysis of survival curves of admissions (1995: n = 811; 2006: n = 952) shows that the difference in survival is apparent shortly after birth; survival curves for babies still alive at 7 days are not significantly different at any gestation. Comparing demographic and clinical items known within 24 h of birth shows increased use of steroids (67–82%) and tocolysis (24–34%), fewer white (78–66%) and more Afro-Caribbean mothers (13–20%), more babies with heart rate greater than 100 bpm at 5 minutes (86–91%), less neonatal hypothermia (40–16%) and more surfactant use (85–97%), all p⩽0.001. There was a non-significant trend towards a lower CRIB 1 score at all gestations. Logistic regression analysis using these and other factors with the outcomes: death, severely abnormal head scan, treated retinopathy of prematurity and oxygen supplementation at expected delivery date shows similar patterns of association in the two cohorts. Conclusions The increase in survival for babies less than 26 weeks seen in EPICure 2 is confined to the first week. This is associated with evidence of babies being in better condition around the time of birth.
Outcomes of multi drug resistant tuberculosis under programmatic conditions: the experience

Background: Tuberculosis is the most common cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide after HIV/AIDS. Drug resistant tuberculosis continues to be a public health crisis. India stands, one among 27 “high burden” MDR countries and has over 2 million new TB cases every year and TB kill’s nearly 1000 people every day. The WHO 2018 Global Tuberculosis Report estimated that, worldwide, approximately 3.5 percent of all new TB cases and 18 percent of previously treated cases are caused by MDR or rifampicin-mono resistant strains.Methods: Presumptive drug resistance TB cases were subjected for CBNAAT or LPA to detect resistance patterns. About 231 cases of MDR/RR TB cases after pre-treatment evaluation started on CAT- IV regimen and both interim and final outcomes were analyzed.Results: Out of 231cases 172(74.4%) were males and 59(25.6%) were females with age between 13-75yrs. Total of 194 cases culture conversion occurred out of which 28 cases the cultures were reverted back to positives. Final Outcomes were, cured in 84 (36.3%) cases, treatment completed in 42 (18.18%) cases, defaulters in 31 (13.4%) cases, turned to be XDR in 10 (4.32%) cases, treatment failure in 10 (4.32%) cases, 50 (21.6%) cases died, 3(1.29%) cases were transferred out.Conclusions: Approximately 2/3rd of MDR/RR TB cases are retreatment sputum positive cases. Successful outcome observed in 54.54% of cases only. High rates of deaths and defaulters alarm the necessity of more effective implementation and surveillance of the programme.
Prevalence of Internal Nematode Parasites of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fish Species caught from Southwestern Part of Lake Tana, Central Gondar, Ethiopia

Background: Nile Tilapia a freshwater cichlid that is indigenous to the Nile basin and one of the world’s most important food fishes. Owing to its hardy nature and its wide range of trophic and ecological adaptations and the second most i mportant cultured species. Even though, it is susceptible to the parasite. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2017 to April 2018 to determine the prevalence of internal nematode parasites of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fish in a southwestern part of Lake Tana, Central Gondar, Ethiopia. The study was performed on a total of 384 Oreochromis niloticus fish species which were purposively selected from local fisherman caught using different mesh sized gill nets. Results: The overall prevalence of internal nematode parasites in this study was 57.3% (220/384). The genera of nematode identified in the body of Oreochromis niloticus were Contracaecum the most prevalent 209 (54.4%), the second genus was Eustrongylides 7 (1.8%) and the list prevalent was Camallanus 4 (1%). The prevalence of nematode was slightly higher in female 196 (58.2%) than male 188 (56.4%) fishes. Similarly, the infection rate in adult and young and in larger and medium fish was higher. Conclusion: This higher prevalence observed was predominantly related to the distribution of piscivorous birds which are more abundant in an area, where there are high fishing activities and increase the number of discarded filleted wastes. Peoples who have developed the habit of consuming raw fish are at higher risk of becoming infected by the zoonotic nematode parasites. Therefore, awareness creation activities and control of fish parasites should be conducted in the study Lake.
Candidiasis in HIV Positive Female Adults on HAART in Ogun State, Nigeria: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Antifungal Susceptibility Study

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains one of the largest pandemics in the world. Globally, an estimated 37.9 million people are living with HIV, 21.7 million people are accessing antiretroviral therapy, 1.8 million people became newly infected and 940,000 people have died from HIV-related illness in 2017 [1-3 ]. Nigeria has the second largest HIV epidemic in the world and one of the highest new infection rates in Sub-Saharan Africa [3]. Currently, about 1.9 million Nigerians (1.4%, ages 15-49 years) are living with HIV and about 33% are unaware of their HIV status.
An Update on Lead Poisoning

Background and objective: Lead poisoning have been reported from many parts of the world. They are one of global clinical problem that effect all body organs and many deaths every year. This review was done to survey toxicological aspects of lead compounds Methods: The data bank used in this study is web of science, scopus, pubmed, pubmed central, SID. The keywords are Alzheimerâ��s Disease, medical plants, acetylcholine, antioxidant. Findings: Metallic lead is used industrial, organic lead eg. , tetraethyl and tetramethyl lead in gasoline additives to prevent engine knock, and inorganic lead salts combined with other elements. Majority of absorptive lead through the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. Lead compounds can lead to clinical manifestation in neurologic system, hematopoietic, kidneys, cardiovascular, reproduction, bones. There are tests available to diagnose poisoning by measuring lead in blood, urine, hair and fingernails. Patients of lead toxicity need to decontamination (GI tract irrigation), supportive cares, use traditional and new chelating agents to combination therapy, also antioxidants, vitamins, and nanoparticle. Conclusion: Based on the survey, it is recommended to detect contaminated areas and consider an educational plan for the exposed people to prevention of lead poisoning. Â© 2015, Babol University of Medical Sciences. All right reserved.