Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Survival Following Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Children

Objectives: We examined a large single-institution experience in extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) in children having cardiac arrest refractory to conventional resuscitation measures with focus on factors affecting survival. Methods: Between 2002 and 2017, 184 children underwent ECPR at our institution. We entered demographic, anatomic, clinical, surgical, and ECPR support details into a multivariable logistic regression models to determine factors associated with mortality. Results: Median age was 54 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 11-272). In all, 157 (85%) patients had primary cardiac disease, including 136 (74%) with congenital heart disease (71 with single ventricle). Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation occurred following cardiac surgery in 124 (67%) patients. Median cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) duration was 27 minutes (IQR: 18-40) and median support duration was 3.0 days (IQR: 1.6-5.3). Overall, ECPR was weaned in 115 (63%), with 79 (43%) surviving to hospital discharge. Survival for patients with congenital heart disease, noncongenital cardiac, and noncardiac pathologies was 44%, 71%, and 15%, respectively. On multivariable regression analysis, risk factors associated with mortality were presupport pH <7.1 (odds ratio [OR] = 3.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-12.41, P = .033), mechanical complications (OR = 8.33, 95% CI: 1.91-36.25, P = .005), neurologic complications (OR = 6.27, 95% CI: 1.40-28.10, P = .017), and renal replacement therapy (OR = 3.31, 95% CI: 1.03-10.66, P = .045). Conclusions: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation plays a valuable role salvaging children with refractory cardiac arrest. Survival varies with underlying pathology and can be expected even with relatively longer CPR durations. Efforts to improve systemic output before and after institution of ECPR might mitigate some of the significant risk factors for mortality.
Knowledge Regarding Self-Administration of Insulin Among the Diabetic Patient Attending the Diabetic Clinic of Tertiary Care Center of Eastern Nepal

Background: Diabetes Mellitus(DM), usually called diabetes or sugar is the condition that occurs when one’s body does not produced enough insulin or body is unable to use normal amount of insulin properly.Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the Knowledge and Practice Regarding Self-administration of insulin among the diabetic patient attending the diabetic clinic of BPKIHS, to find out the association between knowledge and Practice with their selected socio-demographic variables and to find out association between knowledge and practice regarding self-administration of insulin.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to conduct the study among the Diabetic patient attending the diabetic clinic of BPKIHS. Data were collected using the self structured questionnaire.Results: The findings revealed that mean knowledge of the participants was 57.55% and practice was 73.98%. Among them 54%(27) of participants has inadequate knowledge, remaining 46%(23) has adequate knowledge. Similarly, 48%(24) of participants has inadequate practice, and remaining 52%(26) has adequate practice. There was significant association of educational status with knowledge regarding self administration of insulin with p-value 0.03 and there was significant association with occupation with knowledge regarding self administration of insulin with p-value 0.047. There was also association between knowledge and practice regarding self administration of insulin with p-value 0.049Conclusion: Educational and occupational status has influence on knowledge regarding self administration of insulin. Thus it is essential to focus on improving the patient’s knowledge on the related topic so that the participants can enhance their practice as well. Diabetes & Insulin Self Administration education must be imparted by physicians by counselling patients at each follow up visit.Jour of Diab and Endo Assoc of Nepal 2018; 2 (1): 9-16
Directed self-assembly of InAs quantum dots using in-situ interference lithography

Laser interference lithography is used to directly pattern the growing surface during molecular beam epitaxy growth of self-assembled InAs quantum dots on GaAs (100) substrates. Arrays of few-monolayer high nano-islands are formed prior to InAs quantum dot growth, which we believe result from the surface diffusion promoted by transient photothermal gradients. The deposition of InAs on such a surface leads to the nucleation of quantum dots solely at the island sites. The number of dots per site is determined by the island size which varies with the laser energy intensity. We are able to achieve highly ordered dense arrays of quantum dots with a single nanosecond laser pulse exposure. InAs quantum dots formed in this fashion show bright narrow photoluminescence with a peak at 1.04 eV at 88 K.
Are Scelimeninae (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) Monophyletic and Why it Remains a Question?

ABSTRACT: Spiky pygmy grasshoppers (Scelimeninae) are a large subfamily within Tetrigidae that include three tribes (Criotettigini, Scelimenini, Thoradontini). Their systematic relationships within Scelimeninae were not and are still not well understood, nor is their relationship to other Tetrigidae subfamilies. Chen et al. (2018) published a study on the phylogenetic relationships among Scelimeninae genera. Chen et al. (2018) (1) did not question the monophyly of Scelimeninae; (2) included only Chinese representatives into analysis; (3) probably misidentified some material used in analysis, (4) did not make sequences publicly available, and (5) did not highlight certain important findings. Scelimeninae are not monophyletic, but a polyphyletic group composed of genera gathering species with spiky lateral lobes. Spiky lateral lobes are a homoplastic character. Scelimenini are an Oriental group including about 100 species and 15 genera. Criotettigini and Thoradontini should not be assigned to Scelimeninae, but remain without subfamily placement. Numerous Chinese taxa are synonymous based on morphological comparison and Chen et al. (2018) molecular data: Criotettix brevipennis Zheng et Xie, 2002 = C. strictvertex Zheng, Wei et Li, 2009 syn. nov. and = C. yingjiangensis Zheng et Ou, 2011 syn. nov., Paragavialidium hainanense (Zheng et Liang, 1985) = P. tridentatum Zheng, 1994 syn. nov. and = P. platynotum Zheng et Xu, 2010 syn. nov., Thoradonta yunnana Zheng, 1983 = T. dianguiensis Deng, Zheng et Wei, 2006 syn. nov., = T. lancangensis Zheng, 1991 syn. nov., = T. longipenna Zheng et Liang, 1991 syn. nov., = T. obtusilobata Zheng, 1996 syn. nov. and = T. transpicula Zheng, 1996 syn. nov. There is no morphological (nor molecular) apomorphy pointing to traditional Scelimeninae monophyly. Furthermore, Criotettix telifera is transferred to the genus Afrocriotettix and the new combination is A. teliferus (Walker, 1871) comb. nov.; a new name, Dengonius Adžić et al. nom. nov. (and Dengonius dinghuensis (Liang, 1995) comb. nov.) is proposed for monotypic genus Cyphotettix Liang, 1995 (nomen nudum Bentotettix Deng, 2016), homonym of Cyphotettix Rehn, 1952; and Eufalconoides tridentatus Zheng, Li et Shi, 2003 syn. nov. is found to be a nymph of Scelimena melli Günther, 1938, resulting in synonymy of the genus Eufalconoides Zheng, Li et Shi, 2003 syn. nov. with Scelimena Serville, 1838 and a new combination, Scelimena guizhouensis (Zheng et Shi, 2006) comb. nov.
Epidemiological overview of the consumption of drugs in women and its impact as immediate cause of death, Mexico 2001–2015

ABSTRACT Background: Sociodemographic characteristics and mortality by drug consumption of women admitted to rehabilitation centers are not well known. Aim: To document an epidemiological overview of women drug users and mortality by drug consumption of such group in rehabilitation centers in Mexico, period 2001–2015. Methods: A sample of women drug users in the period 2001–2015 was selected from a database of the Epidemiological Surveillance System for Addictions and a database from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography in Mexico. A chi-square test and logistics models were used for the analysis. Results: The proportion of women drug users in 2015 was greater than the proportion in 2001 (11.3% vs. 9.3%, respectively, p < 0.01). Alcohol consumption had a greater risk in the older age groups (OR20–40 years = 1.3, C.I. = 1.1–1.4 and OR41–59 years = 2.4, C.I. = 2.1–2.7) opposite to marijuana consumption (OR<20 years = 5.8, C.I. = 2.9–11.4 and OR20-40 years = 2.2, C.I. = 1.1–4.5). Mortality decreased from 2001 to 2015 (11.3% vs. 8.63%, respectively, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The number of young women who got admitted into a rehabilitation center increased during the period 2001–2015 and deaths by drug consumption, as immediate cause of death, affected mainly women ≥ 60 years old.
Bio-Fabrication: Convergence of 3D Bioprinting and Nano-Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

3D Bioprinting (3DBP) technologies open many possibilities for the generation of highly complex cellularized constructs. Nano-biomaterials have been largely used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) for different purposes and functions depending on their intrinsic properties and how they have been presented in the biologic environment. Combination of bioprinting and nano-biomaterials paves the way for unexpected opportunities in the biofabrication scenario, by improving critical weakness of these manufacturing processes while enhancing their efficiency by spatially arranging nano-features. 3D organization of cells is fundamental for a successful design and maturation of native tissues. A critical challenge for the production of biological constructs is to support and guide cell growth toward their natural microenvironment, ensuring a harmonious presence of specific biochemical and biophysical cues to direct cell behavior. Also, precise arrays of stimuli need to be designed to induce stem cell differentiation toward specific tissues. Introducing nano-sized bioactive material can direct cell fate, playing a role in the differentiation process and leading to the biofabrication of functional structures. Nano-composite bio-ink can be used to generate cell instructive scaffolds or either directly printed with cells. In addition, the presence of nano-particles within 3D printed constructs can lead to control them through multiple external physical stimuli, representing an additional tool for healthcare applications. Finally, there is an emerging interest to create biological constructs having active properties, such as sensing, motion or shape modification. In this review, we highlight how introducing nano-biomaterials in bioprinting approaches leads to promising strategies for tissue regeneration.
Risk Factors and Outcomes in Dogs With Respiratory Disease Undergoing Diagnostic Airway Lavage

Advanced diagnostic testing is becoming increasingly important to accurately assess pulmonary parenchymal, airway, and pulmonary vascular diseases in dogs. Due to respiratory system compromise, diagnostic procedures performed under general anesthesia, including thoracic computed tomography (CT) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), are thought to carry significant risk to dogs with respiratory disease. In lieu of performing these diagnostics, empirical medical therapy is often administered, potentially delaying appropriate therapy or providing unnecessary treatment. This study prospectively evaluated risk factors and outcomes for dogs with respiratory disease undergoing general anesthesia for thoracic CT and BAL. Arterial blood gas samples were taken pre- and post-BAL to evaluate pulmonary gas exchange. Pre-BAL arterial partial pressure of oxygen-to-fractional inspired oxygen ratio was used to stratify dogs into groups of mild or moderate to severe disease severity. A novel thoracic CT disease severity scoring system was used to independently stratify dogs into mild or moderate to severe groups. Statistical comparisons between groups were made for signalment, body weight, temperature, pulse, respiratory rate, WBC count, ventilator-acquired pulmonary mechanics (specific compliance and resistance), change in arterial partial pressure of oxygen post-BAL, and outcomes. Seventeen dogs were prospectively enrolled. A comparatively lower heart rate at presentation was the only potential marker of increased disease severity identified when stratified by CT severity score. Arterial partial pressure of oxygen did not significantly decrease post-BAL regardless of disease severity or stratification method. The CT scoring system significantly correlated with the pre-BAL arterial partial pressure of oxygen-to-fractional inspired oxygen ratio. Incidence of post-procedural complications was 18%, with all complications being transient. Mortality as a direct complication of diagnostics was 0%. When considering euthanasia secondary to severity of the underlying disease and poor prognosis or death due to unrelated disease, mortality was 18%. In dogs with respiratory disease undergoing advanced diagnostic procedures, the overall incidence of post-procedural morbidity was low with no mortality directly attributed to the procedures. A novel CT disease severity scoring system was utilized and shows promise as a tool for evaluation of disease severity in this patient population when compared to arterial blood gas analysis.
Wastewater Discharge Standards in the Evolving Context of Urban Sustainability–The Case of India

Across the world, recent decades have witnessed large scale and rapid urbanization. Centralized wastewater treatment is typically considered the most desirable solution to meet domestic wastewater treatment needs in growing urban centers. These rely on extensive—and often expensive—infrastructure and treatment solutions that require expert engineering management to ensure effective operation. It is argued that the urban sustainability challenge of inadequate sanitation, deteriorating water quality, and rising water stress are best met through poly-centric and integrated approaches that include nature-based solutions, community-scale and community-managed systems. Today's objectives are to create climate-resilient, enduring, self-governing systems—as well as systems that close the loop, encouraging resource re-use and recycling. This policy review informs on wastewater discharge (and related) standards for sewage treatment plants within the context of present-day India. With its booming urban population, highly visible and impactful pollution, water quality and insecurity challenges, India provides huge opportunities for creative approaches to urban sanitation—but to fully exploit these opportunities will require new policy and regulatory thinking. The current regulatory developments are undergoing frequent changes with observed inconsistencies over the last years leading to a growing confusion in the sector. Examined questions include: How clear are policy objectives and regulations? What are reasons for observed inconsistencies in current pollution control regulations and what are their implications? How well-aligned are standards and regulation with these objectives? How forward-looking? Are solutions sufficiently responsive to the urban sustainability challenge? In particular, this review considers whether regulatory approaches disadvantage decentralized and innovative approaches that could offer resilient, community-based systems—even within the megacities of the twenty-first century. This study further draws on examples from other emerging economies—and contextualizes these examples with the situation in Western Europe, where a single set of targets has let to diverse solutions. Standards and regulations need to be reimagined for this evolving urban context which might require it to become more nuanced, more holistic, more dynamic, more transparent, more participative, and more contextual. Enforcement mechanisms will need to incorporate phased/graded approaches to compliance—to suit various contexts that could include water reuse for different application areas.
Association of Body Composition With Survival and Treatment Efficacy in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Objectives: The association of body composition with survival and the efficacy of first-line treatment was investigated in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Methods: The records of CRPC patients treated with docetaxel or androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSi) between 2005 and 2018 were reviewed. Skeletal muscle index (SMI), visceral fat index, and subcutaneous fat index were evaluated using pretreatment computed tomography images. Results: Of 230 eligible patients, 144 received docetaxel, and 86 received ARSi as the first-line treatment for CRPC. The SMIhi (based on median values) group had higher prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression-free survival (median 13.5 vs. 8.3 months, p = 0.030), radiologic progression-free survival (14.9 vs. 9.1 months, p < 0.001), and overall survival (24.1 vs. 16.9 months, p = 0.015) than the SMIlo group. In docetaxel-treated patients, the SMIhi group had higher PSA progression-free survival (13.5 vs. 5.9 months, p = 0.016) and radiologic progression-free survival (14.6 vs. 6.7 months, p < 0.001) than the SMIlo group. However, PSA progression-free survival and radiologic progression-free survival were comparable between the two groups in ARSi-treated patients. SMI was independently associated with the risk of radiologic progression in patients treated with docetaxel but not in those treated with ARSi. Conclusions: High skeletal muscle mass may be associated with reduced risk of disease progression and mortality in patients with CRPC. However, the significance of these relationships is limited in patients treated with docetaxel. These results suggest that assessing skeletal muscle mass may be worthwhile when selecting treatments for CRPC; however, further prospective validation and large-scale studies are needed.
TriAL

Navigational queries over RDF data are viewed as one of the main applications of graph query languages, and yet the standard model of graph databases—essentially labeled graphs—is different from the triples-based model of RDF. While encodings of RDF databases into graph data exist, we show that even the most natural ones are bound to lose some functionality when used in conjunction with graph query languages. The solution is to work directly with triples, but then many properties taken for granted in the graph database context (e.g., reachability) lose their natural meaning. Our goal is to introduce languages that work directly over triples and are closed, i.e., they produce sets of triples, rather than graphs. Our basic language is called TriAL, or Triple Algebra: it guarantees closure properties by replacing the product with a family of join operations. We extend TriAL with recursion and explain why such an extension is more intricate for triples than for graphs. We present a declarative language, namely a fragment of datalog, capturing the recursive algebra. For both languages, the combined complexity of query evaluation is given by low-degree polynomials. We compare our language with previously studied graph query languages such as adaptations of XPath, regular path queries, and nested regular expressions; many of these languages are subsumed by the recursive triple algebra. We also provide an implementation of recursive TriAL on top of a relational query engine, and we show its usefulness by running a wide array of navigational queries over real-world RDF data, while at the same time testing how our implementation compares to existing RDF systems.
Effectiveness of Seismic Isolation for Long-Period Structures Subject to Far-Field and Near-Field Excitations

This study evaluates primarily the effectiveness of seismic isolation for structures with intermediate and relatively long non-isolated periods (e.g., bridges with tall piers) subjected to near-field (NF) and far-field (FF) excitations. The inelastic response spectrum approach is used to systematically evaluate the effects of the two fundamental aspects of seismic isolation, i.e., period lengthening and lateral-strength reduction on the seismic responses (e.g., displacement, acceleration, and base shear) of isolated structures. To validate the results, the real-world isolated Rudshur bridge with a relatively flexible (long-period) substructure is studied. Additional isolated and non-isolated variants of the Rudshur bridge with different initial periods are also developed. 20 FF (non-pulse) and 20 NF (pulse type) ground motions are used for the non-linear response history analyses. The results illustrate that when designed properly, seismic isolation can effectively reduce the mean base shear and acceleration responses of structures with relatively long non-isolated periods under FF excitations. For these structures, seismic isolation does not significantly increase the mean displacement responses under FF excitations, and for particular cases, can even reduce them. For NF excitations, seismic isolation can significantly reduce the mean base shear responses of intermediate- to long-period structures. In some cases, this reduction is even more significant than that for FF excitations. However, when the initial period of the isolated structure is relatively long (e.g., greater than 2.5 s), NF excitations can impose significantly large mean displacement demands on the superstructure (i.e., as great as 1.0 m for the studied cases). For NF excitations, a range of initial period (e.g., 1.5–2.5 s for the studied ground motions) and lateral yield-strength (e.g., 10–15% of the seismically effective weight) exists for the isolation system parameters that can noticeably reduce mean acceleration and base shear responses while mean displacement responses of the isolated superstructure remain within ranges used in practice. The inelastic-spectrum approach, as used in this paper, can reasonably predict these isolation system parameters.
Music Therapy in the Psychosocial Treatment of Adult Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Music therapy is used as an adjunct oncological treatment aiming at the improvement of psychological and physical well-being through music. A growing body of randomized and non-randomized controlled trials has been published and reviewed recently. However, a global, quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of music therapy in adult cancer care is missing. The present study thus aims to synthesize the evidence of music therapy in different oncological treatment phases. Methods: We conducted a pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO-ID: CRD42019133084) following standard guidelines. We searched electronic databases for studies on music therapy performed by a therapist with adult cancer patients. Results: The narrative synthesis included thirty studies showing that music therapy overall had positive effects on a broad range of outcomes, with techniques and effects varying in different phases. During curative treatment, results were most promising with regard to anxiety, depression, and pain medication intake, while in palliative settings, improvements with regard to quality of life, spiritual well-being, pain, and stress were reported. Twenty-one studies were included in the meta-analysis which showed small but significant effects of music therapy on psychological well-being (d = 0.35, p < 0.001), physical symptom distress (d = −0.26, p = 0.017), and quality of life (d = 0.36, p = 0.023). Heterogeneity between effect sizes was small to medium. Moderator analyses identified studies with a single session of music therapy and the use of receptive techniques to produce larger effects regarding psychological well-being. Conclusion: Music therapy can improve relevant health-outcomes in cancer patients and should therefore be offered in various treatment phases. Future research should include potential moderators such as individual information about patients to find out who benefits most from different kinds of music therapy.