Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flat rotation curves of z ∼ 1 star-forming galaxies

We investigate the shape of the Rotation Curves (RCs) of z ∼ 1 Star-Forming Galaxies (SFGs) and compare them with local SFGs. For this purpose, we have used 344 galaxies from the K-band Multi-Object Spectrograph (KMOS) for Redshift One Spectroscopic Survey (KROSS). This sample covers the redshift range 0.57 ≤ z ≤ 1.04, the effective radii 0.69 ≤ Re [kpc] ≤ 7.76, and the stellar masses 8.7 ≤ log(M∗ [M ]) ≤ 11.32. Using 3DBAROLO, we extract the Hα kinematic maps and corresponding RCs. The main advantage of 3DBAROLO is that it incorporates the beam smearing in the 3D observational space, which provide us with the intrinsic rotation velocity even in the low spatial resolution data. We have corrected the RCs for pressure support, which seems to be a more dominant effect than beam smearing in high-z galaxies. Only a combination of the three techniques (3D-kinematic modelling + 3D-beam smearing correction + pressure gradient correction ) yields the intrinsic RC of an individual galaxy. Further, we present the co-added and binned RCs constructed out of 256 high-quality objects. We do not see any change in the shape of RCs with respect to the local SFGs. Moreover, we notice a significant evolution in the stellar-disk length (RD) of the galaxies as a function of their circular velocity. Therefore, we conclude that the stellar disk of SFGs evolves over cosmic time (from z ∼ 1) while the total mass stays constant (within ∼ 20 kpc).
A Review of Possible Advective Disk Structures around a Black Hole with Two Types of Gas Inflows

We studied general advective accretion solutions around a Kerr black hole (BH) by investigating two types of inflow gases at the outer accretion boundary (AB). We classified these two types of gases as cold-mode and hot-mode inflow gas at the outer AB on the basis of their temperatures and solutions. We found that the hot-mode gas is more efficient for angular momentum transport around the outer AB than the cold-mode gas. The hot-mode gas can give multiple global (popular as a shock solution) or single sonic point solutions, and the cold-mode gas can give a smooth global solution (popularly known as advection-dominated accretion flow) or two sonic point solutions. These solutions are also presented on a plane in energy and angular momentum (B ob−L 0) parameter space. For the first time, we explored theoretically the relation between the nature of accretion solutions and the nature of the initial accreting gas at the AB with a detailed computational and possible physical analysis. We also found that the surface density of the flow is highly affected by changes in the temperature at the AB, which can alter the radiative emissivities of the flow. The flow variables of various advective solutions are also compared. On the basis of those results, we plotted some inner disk structures around the BHs. By doing so, we conjecture on the persistent/transient nature of spectral states, soft excess, and timescales of variabilities around the BH X-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei.
Tube‐enhanced multi‐stage model predictive control for flexible robust control of constrained linear systems with additive and parametric uncertainties

The trade‐off between optimality and complexity has been one of the most important challenges in the field of robust model predictive control (MPC). To address the challenge, we propose a flexible robust MPC scheme by synergizing the multi‐stage and tube‐based MPC approaches. The key idea is to exploit the nonconservatism of the multi‐stage MPC and the simplicity of the tube‐based MPC. The proposed scheme provides two options for the user to determine the trade‐off depending on the application: the choice of the robust horizon and the classification of the uncertainties. Beyond the robust horizon, the branching of the scenario‐tree employed in multi‐stage MPC is avoided with the help of tubes. The growth of the problem size with respect to the number of uncertainties is reduced by handling small uncertainties via an invariant tube that can be computed offline. This results in linear growth of the problem size beyond the robust horizon and no growth of the problem size concerning small magnitude uncertainties. The proposed approach helps to achieve a desired trade‐off between optimality and complexity compared to existing robust MPC approaches. We show that the proposed approach is robustly asymptotically stable. Its advantages are demonstrated for a CSTR example.
An Initial Survey on the Prevalence of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) among Yemeni Pregnant Women in Sana'a City

Background Infection with group B Streptococcus (GBS) is still a neonatal life-threatening illness, especially in developing countries such as Yemen. Objective This study was aimed at determining the vaginal colonization rate and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of GBS among Yemeni pregnant women. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study over a four-month period involving 210 pregnant women at the 35th to 39th gestational weeks who visited Gaza medical center in Sana'a city, Yemen. The collected vaginal swab specimen was inoculated in the Todd-Hewitt enrichment broth and incubated for 24 h and then subcultured on a 5% human blood agar plate. All positive cultures identified as GBS were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility tests using the disk diffusion method. Results Out of 210 recruited pregnant women, 23 (10.95%) were GBS vaginal carriers. All GBS isolates were sensitive to penicillin, ampicillin, levofloxacin, cefotaxime, and vancomycin. Conclusion Based on the study's results, approximately eleven out of every 100 pregnant women in Sana'a city are vaginally colonized by GBS. Beta-lactam antibiotics remain the drug of choice to treat and prevent GBS infections. A prenatal screening policy is urgently needed for Yemeni pregnant women.
Factors influencing urea use by giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera, Phaeophyceae)

Urea is an available and readily used source of nitrogen for giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, but little is known about its potential importance for sustaining growth. Results of kinetic experiments indicate urea uptake saturates at an average maximum rate (Vmax) of 0.73–0.92 μmol N g dw−1 h−1 with a half saturation constant (Ks) of 1.02–1.08 μM. The affinity of giant kelp for urea was high relative to that reported for other seaweeds. However, results of similar kinetics experiments with natural, co‐occurring phytoplankton communities indicate that the rate of urea uptake by phytoplankton was > 10‐fold higher than that of giant kelp. Urea uptake by giant kelp decreased 3–12% in darkness (relative to in light) compared to a 66–85% decline for phytoplankton. Similar differences were observed for ammonium and nitrate, suggesting that light intensity and photocycles influence the outcome of competition for N between giant kelp and phytoplankton. Monthly measures of urease in kelp tissues revealed persistent activity at levels that were 100‐fold higher than rates of urea uptake (0.13–0.35 μmol N g fw−1 min−1). This finding, coupled with unsuccessful efforts to induce additional urease activity through substrate additions, suggests that urease plays a role in giant kelp physiology beyond that of processing urea taken up from the environment. Collectively, our results suggest giant kelp uses multiple forms of N including urea to sustain year‐round growth. Its consistent capacity to acquire N during both day and night may help offset its low uptake rates relative to phytoplankton and increase its ability to compete for N during periods of low N availability.
New Applications of Mass Spectrometry for Drug and Lipid Analysis

Mass spectrometry is an important tool used in many different disciplines and settings that include forensics, drug discovery, environmental analysis, and proteomics. Gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI – TOF MS) are two of the most important instruments used for analysis of compounds. Chapters 1 and 2 of this discussion use GC-MS for the investigation of synthetic cannabinoids in ‘K2’ incense products and the detection of metabolites in urine samples from individuals suspected of consuming these mixtures. Analytical standards were synthesized and used for identification and confirmation of structures. Detection of these compounds and their metabolites is important since ‘K2’ products are banned nationwide as a Schedule 1 substance. Chapter 3 uses LDI-TOF MS for the analysis of triacylglycerol (TAG) degradation products in fingermark samples exposed to light/dark conditions on four different surfaces: stainless steel, glass, plastic, and iron. A standard of triolein was used for identification of products with the detection of C7:0 and C8:0 aldehyde and carboxylic acids through tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The age of a fingermark was estimated through comparison of unsaturated and saturated TAGs. Analysis of TAGs in fingermarks is important as a possible dating technique which could provide investigative leads or a timeline of events in a criminal investigation. Chapter 4 uses MALDI-TOF MS for the development of a rapid separation technique to overcome suppression effects of TAGs by phosphatidylcholine (PC). A solid phase extraction (SPE) technique was developed to separate these classes of compounds using reference lipids and real samples (beef, egg yolk) as models. Because lipids play important roles in biological systems, a method to clearly detect and overcome suppression effects is important. Chapter 5 uses GC-MS for the analysis of fatty and resin acids in biomass fermentation process waters. An extraction procedure was developed for detection and quantification of these compounds. Monitoring these acids in water samples is important because they can negatively impact environmental and industrial pathways. This dissertation is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. Dissertation Director: __________________________________ Dr. Bill Durham Dissertation Committee: __________________________________ Dr. Jack Lay __________________________________ Dr. David Paul __________________________________ Dr. Julie Stenken __________________________________ Dr. Wesley Stites
Primordial black holes in Higgs-R2 inflation as the whole of dark matter

Primordial black holes are produced in a minimal UV extension to the Higgs inflation with an included R2 term. We show that for parameters consistent with Standard Model measurements and Planck observation results lead to MPBH ∊ (10−16, 10−15) M⊙ primordial black holes with significant abundance, which may consist the majority of dark matter.
Slow delocalization of particles in many-body localized phases

We have recently shown that the logarithmic growth of the entanglement entropy following a quantum quench in a many-body localized phase is accompanied by a slow growth of the number entropy ${S}_{N}\ensuremath{\sim}ln\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}ln\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}t$. Here we provide an in-depth numerical study of ${S}_{N}(t)$ for the disordered Heisenberg chain and show that this behavior is not transient and persists even for very strong disorder. Calculating the truncated R\'enyi number entropy ${S}_{N}^{(\ensuremath{\alpha})}(t)={(1\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}ln{\ensuremath{\sum}}_{n}{p}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}(n)$ for $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\ll}1$ and $p(n)g{p}_{c}$---which is sensitive to large number fluctuations occurring with low probability---we demonstrate that the particle number distribution $p(n)$ in one half of the system has a continuously growing tail. This indicates a slow but steady increase in the number of particles crossing between the partitions in the interacting case and is in sharp contrast to Anderson localization for which we show that ${S}_{N}^{(\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0)}(t)$ saturates for any cutoff ${p}_{c}g0$. We show, furthermore, that the growth of ${S}_{N}$ is not the consequence of rare states or rare regions but rather represents typical behavior. These findings indicate that the interacting system is never fully localized even for very strong but finite disorder.
Efficiency improvement of English online teaching system based on bagging learning flow feature selection

In the era of artificial intelligence, the traditional English teaching model can no longer meet the needs of society, and online English teaching has become the main development direction of English teaching in the future. In order to study the efficiency of English online teaching system, based on machine learning algorithms, this paper constructs an efficiency improvement model of English online teaching system. Moreover, in view of the shortcomings of current situation estimation algorithms that cannot coexist in terms of flexibility, causal interpretability and complexity, this paper proposes a biological immune algorithm framework that uses GBDT algorithm coding, which objectively and accurately shows the spread of the situation. In addition, for the problem that redundant information between features will reduce the accuracy of the framework, this paper proposes a streaming feature selection algorithm based on bagging learning. Finally, this paper designs a control experiment to analyze the performance of the model. The research results show that the model constructed in this paper is highly reliable.
Deconfinement critical point of lattice QCD with 
Nf=2
 Wilson fermions

The $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ pure gauge theory exhibits a first-order thermal deconfinement transition due to spontaneous breaking of its global ${Z}_{3}$ center symmetry. When heavy dynamical quarks are added, this symmetry is broken explicitly and the transition weakens with decreasing quark mass until it disappears at a critical point. We compute the critical hopping parameter and the associated pion mass for lattice QCD with ${N}_{\mathrm{f}}=2$ degenerate standard Wilson fermions on ${N}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}\ensuremath{\in}{6,8,10}$ lattices, corresponding to lattice spacings $a=0.12\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fm}$, $a=0.09\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fm}$, $a=0.07\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fm}$, respectively. Significant cutoff effects are observed, with the first-order region growing as the lattice gets finer. While current lattices are still too coarse for a continuum extrapolation, we estimate ${m}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{c}\ensuremath{\approx}4\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ with a remaining systematic error of $\ensuremath{\sim}20%$. Our results allow us to assess the accuracy of the leading-order and next-to-leading-order hopping expanded fermion determinant used in the literature for various purposes. We also provide a detailed investigation of the statistics required for this type of calculation, which is useful for similar investigations of the chiral transition.
Bottomonium precision tests from full lattice QCD: Hyperfine splitting, 
ϒ
 leptonic width, and 
b
 quark contribution to 
e+e−→hadrons

We calculate the mass difference between the Υ and η b and the Υ leptonic width from lattice QCD using the Highly Improved Staggered Quark formalism for the b quark and including u , d , s and c quarks in the sea. We have results for lattices with lattice spacing as low as 0.03 fm and multiple heavy quark masses, enabling us to map out the heavy quark mass dependence and determine values at the b quark mass. Our results are: M Υ − M η b = 57.5 ( 2.3 ) ( 1.0 ) M e V (where the second uncertainty comes from neglect of quark-line disconnected correlation functions) and decay constants, f η b = 724 ( 12 ) MeV and f Υ = 677.2 ( 9.7 ) MeV, giving Γ ( Υ → e + e − ) = 1.292 ( 37 ) ( 3 ) k e V . The hyperfine splitting and leptonic width are both in good agreement with experiment, and provide the most accurate lattice QCD results to date for these quantities by some margin. At the same time results for the time moments of the vector-vector correlation function can be compared to values for the b quark contribution to σ ( e + e − → h a d r o n s ) determined from experiment. Moments 4–10 provide a 2% test of QCD and yield a b quark contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon of 0.300(15) × 10 − 10 . Our results, covering a range of heavy quark masses, may also be useful to constrain QCD-like composite theories for beyond the Standard Model physics.
Outflows, envelopes, and disks as evolutionary indicators in Lupus young stellar objects

Context. The Lupus star-forming complex includes some of the closest low-mass star-forming regions, and together they house objects that span evolutionary stages from prestellar to premain sequence. Aims. By studying seven objects in the Lupus clouds from prestellar to protostellar stages, we aim to test if a coherence exists between commonly used evolutionary tracers. Methods. We present Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the 1.3 mm continuum and molecular line emission that probe the dense gas and dust of cores (continuum, C18O, N2D+) and their associated molecular outflows (12CO). Our selection of sources in a common environment, with an identical observing strategy, allows for a consistent comparison across different evolutionary stages. We complement our study with continuum and line emission from the ALMA archive in different bands. Results. The quality of the ALMA molecular data allows us to reveal the nature of the molecular outflows in the sample by studying their morphology and kinematics, through interferometric mosaics covering their full extent. The interferometric images in IRAS 15398-3359 appear to show that it drives a precessing episodic jet-driven outflow with at least four ejections separated by periods of time between 50 and 80 yr, while data in IRAS 16059-3857 show similarities with a wide-angle wind model also showing signs of being episodic. The outflow of J160115-41523 could be better explained with the wide-angle wind model as well, but new observations are needed to further explore its nature. We find that the most common evolutionary tracers in the literature are useful for broad evolutionary classifications, but they are not consistent with each other to provide enough granularity to disentangle a different evolutionary stage of sources that belong to the same Class (0, I, II, or III). The evolutionary classification revealed by our analysis coincides with those determined by previous studies for all of our sources except J160115-41523. Outflow properties used as protostellar age tracers, such as mass, momentum, energy, and opening angle, may suffer from differences in the nature of each outflow and, therefore, detailed observations are needed to refine evolutionary classifications. We found both AzTEC-lup1-2 and AzTEC-lup3-5 to be in the prestellar stage, with the possibility that the latter is a more evolved source. IRAS 15398-3359, IRAS 16059-3857, and J160115-41523, which have clearly detected outflows, are Class 0 sources, although, we are not able to determine which is younger and which is older. Finally Sz 102 and Merin 28 are the most evolved sources in our sample and show signs of having associated outflows, which are not as well traced by CO as for the younger sources.
Superconducting gap ratio from strange metal phase in the absence of quasiparticles

A lattice model for strongly interacting electrons motivated by a rank-3 tensor model provides a tool for understanding the pairing mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity. This Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev-like model describes the strange metal phase in the cuprate high temperature superconductors. Our calculation indicates that the superconducting gap ratio in this model is higher than the ratio in the BCS theory due to the coupling term and the spin operator. Under certain conditions, the ratio also agrees with the BCS theory. Our results relate to the case of strong coupling, so it may pave the way to gaining insight into the cuprate high temperature superconductors.
Grid-point and time-step requirements for direct numerical simulation and large-eddy simulation

We revisit the grid-point requirement estimates in Choi and Moin [“Grid-point requirements for large eddy simulation: Chapman’s estimates revisited,” Phys. Fluids 24, 011702 (2012)] and establish more general grid-point requirements for direct numerical simulations (DNS) and large-eddy simulations (LES) of a spatially developing turbulent boundary layer. We show that by allowing the local grid spacing to scale with the local Kolmogorov length scale, the grid-point requirement for DNS of a spatially developing turbulent boundary layer is N∼ReLx2.05 rather than N∼ReLx2.64, as suggested by Choi and Moin, where N is the number of grid points and Lx is the length of the plate. In addition to the grid-point requirement, we estimate the time-step requirement for DNS and LES. We show that for a code that treats the convective term explicitly, the time steps required to get converged statistics are Nt∼ReLx/Rex06/7 for wall-modeled LES and Nt∼ReLx/Rex01/7 for wall-resolved LES and DNS (with different prefactors), where Rex0 is the inlet Reynolds number. The grid-point and time-step requirement estimates allow us to estimate the overall cost of DNS and LES. According to the present estimates, the costs of DNS, wall-resolved LES, and wall-modeled LES scale as ReLx2.91, ReLx2.72, and ReLx1.14, respectively.
Mid-term results and predictors of restenosis in patients undergoing endovascular therapy for isolated popliteal artery steno-occlusive disease

There is only a limited number of major publications on the outcome of interventions for isolated popliteal artery stenosis. The purpose of this study was to report our results on mid-term patency and predictors of restenosis.This single-center retrospective study included 61 symptomatic patients (males, N = 33; median age, 65.1 years [IQR, 60.7–71.9 years]; Rutherford grade 4–6, N = 14) with at least two patent crural arteries, whose atherosclerotic stenoses/occlusions were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) or stenting (using self-expanding bare-metal Astron Pulsar stents) between 2011 and 2018.Twenty-six patients had PTA, while 35 underwent stenting. The median follow-up was 29 months (IQR, 10–47 months). The primary patency rates were not significantly different (P = 0.629) between PTA and stenting groups. Restenosis developed in nine patients (34.6%) in the PTA group, and in 12 (34.3%) in the stenting group. Restenotic lesions required re-intervention in nine cases (100%) in the PTA group, and in eight (66.7%) in the stenting group. Restenosis developed significantly less frequently (P = 0.010) in patients with a popliteal/P1 stent; the primary patency rates were also significantly better (P = 0.018) in patients with a popliteal/P1 stent when compared to popliteal/P2 plus multi-segment stents. Cox regression analysis identified lesion location as a predictor of in-stent restenosis (HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2–5.5; P = 0.019). Stenting was not superior when compared to PTA (if selective stenting was not considered as loss of patency). Follow-up should be more thorough in patients undergoing popliteal/P2 or multi-segment stenting.
Difference and characteristics of anthocyanin from Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot cultivated at five regions in Xinjiang

Anthocyanins are flavonoids with a cationic flavylium structure and appear in different colors depending on their particular chemical structure and the pH of the solutions in which they are present (Castañeda-Ovando et al., 2009). Anthocyanins play an important role in the color of grapes and wine and in particular can contribute to the organoleptic properties, such as color and taste (Esteban et al., 2001; Gómez-Míguez et al., 2006; González-Manzano et al., 2009). After veraison, anthocyanins accumulation are the main material in change of color during the grape berry development. And in wine making, anthocyanins are degraded and transform into stable polymerization (GarcíaPuente Rivas et al., 2006).