Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teaching English Based on The Kurikulum Merdeka at Muhammadiyah Junior High Schools in Yogyakarta: The Teachers’ Implementation and Perception

This research aims to reveal the implementation and perceptions of the Kurikulum Merdeka by English teachers and also to find the English teachers’ problems in implementing the Kurikulum Merdeka. This research belonged to a qualitative study conducted by using interview and observation to collect data. The research participants were three English teachers at three Muhammadiyah Junior High Schools in Yogyakarta who had implemented the Kurikulum Merdeka. Interview guidelines, observation checklist, and observation field note were used as research instruments. This research used coding technique to analyze data. The research findings showed that the English teachers implemented the Kurikulum Merdeka by varying the learning process, adapting to the students’ characters, requiring more preparations, focusing the learning on vocabulary mastery, reading literacy, and the use of technology. In other words, the Kurikulum Merdeka has not been successfully implemented. Then, the teachers’ perceptions on the Kurikulum Merdeka were actually good but still confusing; the learning resources of Kurikulum Merdeka for teachers were diverse; the Kurikulum Merdeka demanded the development of better education and more differentiated learning; and the schools needed to change the learning activity budget and did a longer assessment analysis. Lastly, the problems in the Kurikulum Merdeka faced by English teachers were the lack of teachers’ understanding on the diverse students’ characters, the lack of equipment that supported learning English in the Kurikulum Merdeka, the need for a change in the mindset of parents about implementing the Kurikulum Merdeka, and the lack of understanding of the Kurikulum Merdeka.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNERAL RETRIBUTION PAYMENTS IN DKI JAKARTA

Management of cemetery land is a problem that is currently being experienced in the DKI Jakarta area, for this reason the research aims to analyze the influence of the e-Retribution Payment System, Government Socialization, Compulsory Retribution Literacy on the Effectiveness of Retribution Payments. The research uses a quantitative approach which uses a questionnaire as a data collection technique, processing statistical data using the Smart PLS application. The research population was TPU in the South Jakarta area, with burial samples in a number of TPU, namely: Kampung Kandang, Jeruk Purut, Tanah Kusir and Menteng Pulo. The unit of analysis for this research is the community as the heirs of families buried in the area. The results of the study prove that empirically the electronic levy payment system and outreach carried out by the government have a positive and significant effect on the effectiveness of retribution payments, while levy compulsory literacy has no significant effect on the effectiveness of retribution payments.
The role of rumen microbiota in enteric methane mitigation for sustainable ruminant production

Ruminal methane production functions as the main sink for metabolic hydrogen generated through rumen fermentation and is recognized as a considerable source of greenhouse gas emissions. Methane production is a complex trait affected by dry matter intake, feed composition, rumen microbiota and their fermentation, lactation stage, host genetics, and environmental factors. Various mitigation approaches have been proposed. Because individual ruminants exhibit different methane conversion efficiencies, the microbial characteristics of low-methane-emitting animals can be essential for successful rumen manipulation and environment-friendly methane mitigation. Several bacterial species, including Sharpea, uncharacterized Succinivibrionaceae, and certain Prevotella phylotypes have been listed as key players in low-methane-emitting sheep and cows. The functional characteristics of the unclassified bacteria remain unclear, as they are yet to be cultured. Here, we review ruminal methane production and mitigation strategies, focusing on rumen fermentation and the functional role of rumen microbiota, and describe the phylogenetic and physiological characteristics of a novel Prevotella species recently isolated from low methane-emitting and high propionate-producing cows. This review may help to provide a better understanding of the ruminal digestion process and rumen function to identify holistic and environmentally friendly methane mitigation approaches for sustainable ruminant production.
Light transmittance and sunlit leaf area estimation in a peach canopy

SummaryA preliminary analysis was performed to evaluate the structural differences in the different parts of a representative peach tree trained to palmette. The shoot inclination angles showed a spherical and planophile distribution at the top and at the bottom, respectively. The measured canopy transmittance was found to depend on the LAI and solar elevation angle. An empirical model, using an extinction coefficient as a function of the solar elevation angle, was tested to determine the light transmittance in a peach orchard. A good agreement was found between the daily means measured and predicted by the model at three heights in the canopy. The model proved to be useful for estimating diurnal and seasonal variation in the total sunlit leaf area.
Nitrogen balance of farmland ecosystem in the Western Jilin Province and its effect on water environment

According to the characteristics of farmland ecosystem in the Western Jilin Province,estimation of the N budget of local farmland ecosystem had been made by using the balance model. Principle of mass conservation was applied with the statistics in the period of 1997—2011. In addition,the influence on water environment had also been considered. Results indicated that the mean N input was 56. 98 ×104t·a-1during the recently 15 years.Moreover,chemical N fertilizer accounted for 79. 59% of total N input. The mean N output was 42. 60×104t·a-1,and the agricultural N output was the main output source. The N balance ranged from 10. 17×104to 21. 91 ×104t·a-1,and the average was 14.38×104t·a-1. All terms in the N balance model showed a rising trend. Resulted from the difference of agricultural product,differences in annual variations and spatial distribution between counties are obvious. Nitrogen balance of farmland ecosystem in the Western Jilin Province showed a surplus state. Nitrogen surplus was mainly affected by nitrogen fertilizer and crop harvest. The continuous nitrogen surplus and accumulation of farmland ecosystem threatened the safety of water environment.Comprehensive analysis by using the water environment monitoring data showed exceeded nitrogen in both surface water and groundwater in different levels with the influence of nitrogen surplus.
Jurassic septarian concretions from NW Scotland record interdependent bacterial, physical and chemical processes of marine mudrock diagenesis

Septarian concretions in the Staffin Shales Formation (Kimmeridgian, Isle of Skye) allow controls on concretion rheology and septarian cracking to be investigated. Stratabound concretions consist of anhedral ferroan calcite microspar enclosing clay and minor pyrite. Intergranular volumes range from 77% to 88%, and calcite δ13C and δ18O values in most concretion bodies range from −10·0‰ to −17·3‰ and +0·3‰ to −0·6‰ respectively, consistent with rapid and pervasive cementation in marine pore fluids. Septarian rupture occurred during incipient cementation, with a sediment volume reduction of up to 43%. Crack‐lining brown fibrous calcite records pore fluid re‐oxygenation during a depositional hiatus, followed by increasing Fe content and δ13C related to bacterial methanogenesis. Brown colouration results from an included gel‐like polar organic fraction that probably represents bacterially degraded biomass. A new hypothesis for concretion growth and septarian cracking argues that quasi‐rigid ‘proto‐concretions’ formed via binding of flocculated clays by bacterial extracellular polysaccharide substances (EPS). This provided rheological and chemical conditions for tensional failure, subcritical crack growth, volume contraction, calcite nucleation, and incorporation of degraded products into crack‐lining cements. Bacterial decay of EPS and syneresis of host muds provided internal stresses to initiate rupture at shallow burial. Development of septarian (shrinkage) cracks in muds is envisaged to require pervasive in situ bacterial colonization, and to depend on rates of carbonate precipitation versus EPS degradation and syneresis. Subsequent modification of septarian concretions included envelopment by siderite and calcite microspar, hydraulic fracturing associated with Cretaceous shallow burial or Palaeogene uplift; and cementation by strongly ferroan, yellow sparry calcite that records meteoric water invasion of the host mudrocks. An abundance of fatty acids in these spars indicates aqueous transport of organic breakdown products, and δ13C data suggest a predominantly methanogenic bicarbonate source. However, the wide δ18O range for petrographically identical cement (−1·3‰ to −15·6‰) is difficult to explain.
Unraveling the complexities of the Last Glacial Maximum climate: the role of individual boundary conditions and forcings

Abstract. In order to quantify the relative importance of individual boundary conditions and forcings, including greenhouse gases, ice sheets, and Earth's orbital parameters, on determining Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) climate, we have performed a series of LGM experiments using a state-of-the-art climate model AWI-ESM, in which different combinations of boundary conditions and forcings have been applied following the protocol of Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project phase 4 (PMIP4). In good agreement with observational proxy records, a general colder and drier climate is simulated in our full-forced LGM experiment as compared to the present-day simulation. Our simulated results from non-full-forced sensitivity simulations reveal that both the greenhouse gases and ice sheets play a major role in defining the anomalous LGM surface temperature compared to today. Decreased greenhouse gases in LGM as compared to present day leads to a non-uniform global cooling with polar amplification effect. The presence of LGM ice sheets favors a warming over the Arctic and northern Atlantic oceans in boreal winter, as well as a cooling over regions with the presence of ice sheets. The former is induced by a strengthening in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) transporting more heat to high latitudes, whilst the latter is due to the increased surface albedo and elevation of ice sheets. We find that the Northern Hemisphere monsoon precipitation is influenced by the opposing effects of LGM greenhouse gases and ice sheets. Specifically, the presence of ice sheets leads to significant drying in the Northern Hemisphere monsoon regions, while a reduction in greenhouse gases results in increased monsoon rainfall. Based on our model results, continental ice sheets exert a major control on atmospheric dynamics and the variability of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Moreover, our analysis also implies a nonlinearity in climate response to LGM boundary conditions and forcings.
THE EFFECT OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE, LIQUIDITY, PROFITABILITY, ACTIVITY, AND INSTITUTIONAL OWNERSHIP ON COMPANY VALUE AMONG MANUFACTURING COMPANIES LISTED ON INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE DURING 2017-2022

The value of a company that go public reflects the market price of the company's stocks. With the development of the company for the better, it will certainly affect the value of the company which will also increase. This study aimed at determining the effect of Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Current Ratio (CR), Return on Equity (ROE), Total Assets Turnover (TATO), and Institutional Ownership (INST) on the Value of Manufacturing Companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2017-2020. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling so that 56 companies were obtained. The research analysis method used was Panel Data Regression. The results showed that DER had a positive and significant effect on firm value, while CR, ROE, TATO, and INST had no influence on firm value.
An improved Maxwell creep model for salt rock

The creep property of salt rock significantly influences the long-term stability of the salt rock underground storage. Triaxial creep tests were performed to investigate the creep behavior of salt rock. The test results indicate that the creep of salt rock has a nonlinear characteristic, which is related to stress level and creep time. The higher the stress level, the longer the creep time, the more obvious the nonlinear characteristic will be. The elastic modulus of salt rock decreases with the prolonged creep time, which shows that the creep damage is produced for the gradual expansion of internal cracks, defects, etc., causing degradation of mechanical properties; meanwhile, the creep rate of salt rock also decreases with the prolonged creep time in the primary creep stage, which indicates that the mechanical properties of salt rock are hardened and strengthened. That is to say, damage and hardening exist simultaneously during the creep of salt rock. Both the damage effect and the hardening effect are considered, an improved Maxwell creep model is proposed by connecting an elastic body softened over time with a viscosity body hardened over time in series, and the creep equation of which is deduced. Creep test data of salt rock are used to evaluate the reasonability and applicability of the improved Maxwell model. The fitting curves are in excellent agreement with the creep test data, and compared with the classical Burgers model, the improved Maxwell model is able to precisely predict the long-term creep deformation of salt rock, illustrating our model can perfectly describe the creep property of salt rock.
Soil conditioning index and soil organic carbon in the Midwest and southeastern United States

Calibration of the soil conditioning index (SCI) to a diversity of field studies with known changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) would improve the usefulness of the SCI by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service to assess the environmental services provided by agricultural land stewardship. Our objectives were to (1) calibrate SCI scores against SOC from published field studies in the Midwest and (2) compare the calibration with a recently derived calibration from the southeastern United States. We found that SOC sequestration (at 25 ± 6 cm [10 ± 2 in] depth) could be reliably related to SCI across a diversity of studies in the region using the regression slope: 4.52 Mg C ha−1 SCI−1 (2.02 tn ac−1 SCI−1), which translated into a rate of 0.35 ± 0.06 Mg C ha−1 y−1 SCI−1 (314 ± 57 lb ac−1 yr−1 SCI−1), which is the mean ± standard error of 18 slope estimates. Calibration slopes did not vary significantly between the Midwest and southeastern United States, resulting in a combined calibration of 0.29 ± 0.03 Mg C ha−1 y−1 SCI−1 (255 ± 30 lb ac−1 yr−1 SCI−1), which is the mean ± standard error of 49 slope estimates. The calibration of SCI scores to SOC will allow SCI to become a quantitative tool for natural resource professionals to predict SOC sequestration for farmers wanting to adopt conservation practices.
Chemical and magnetic properties of rapidly cooled metastable ferri-ilmenite solid solutions: implications for magnetic self-reversal and exchange bias—I. Fe-Ti order transition in quenched synthetic ilmenite 61

SUMMARY Quenched ferri-ilmenite solid solutions X FeTiO3 + (1 – X )F e2O3 with X ≈ 0.60 contain chemical and magnetic structures important for understanding the unusual magnetic properties in this series, including self-reversal in igneous rocks and exchange bias. Here we study a composition X = 0.61, annealed at 1055 ◦ C, above the Fe-Ti ordering temperature, then quenched. Presence of two interface-coupled phases is established by pot-bellied character of theroom-temperature magnetic hysteresisloop,andlargenegative magnetic exchange biasbelow 30K. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) dark-field imaging with the 003 reflection shows dominant Fe-Ti disordered antiferromagnetic and lesser ordered ferrimagnetic phases, the latter in lenses ≤8 nm thick. Parts of the ordered phase are in antiphase relationship, shown by high-resolution TEM imaging of Fe-rich and Ti-rich layers. TEM-EDX analyses indicate chemical phase separation during quench, with dominant compositions X = 0.56–0.63, extremes 0.50 and 0.70. Thermomagnetic experiments indicate compositions X = 0.56–0.61 are antiferromagnetic, X = 0.61–0.64 are ferrimagnetic. A sample held ∼5 min at 1063K, increased in order, demonstrated by twofold increase in induced moment at 1T. This then acquired self-reversed thermoremanent magnetization between 490 and 440K. Progressive annealings of another sample at 773K, 973K, 1023K and 1063K, followed by cooling in a 1T field, produced positive room-temperature magnetic exchange bias, only for 1023K and 1063K runs. These properties suggest growth of ordered regions from disordered regions, and expansion of some ordered domains against others across antiphase boundaries, thus creating self-organized structures essential for magnetic self-reversal and magnetic exchange bias.
On the flow of Atlantic water and temperature anomalies in the Nordic Seas toward the Arctic Ocean

The climatic conditions over the Arctic Ocean are strongly influenced by the inflow of warm Atlantic water conveyed by the Norwegian Atlantic Slope Current (NwASC). Based on sea surface height (SSH) data from altimetry, we develop a simple dynamical measure of the NwASC transport to diagnose its spatio-temporal variability. This supports a dynamical division of the NwASC into two flow regimes; the Svinoy Branch (SvB) in the southern Norwegian Sea, and the Fram Strait Branch (FSB) west of Spitsbergen. The SvB transport is well correlated with the SSH and atmospheric variability within the Nordic Seas, factors that also affect the inflow to the Barents Sea. In contrast, the FSB is influenced by regional atmospheric conditions around Svalbard and northern Barents Sea. Using a composite analysis, we further relate anomalous strong SvB flow events to temperature fluctuations along the core of Atlantic water. A warm composite anomaly is found to propagate northward, with a tendency to amplify enroute, after these events. A roughly 12 months delayed temperature signal is identified in the FSB. However, also in the Lofoten Basin interior a delayed temperature signal is found, which appears to originate from the NwASC. This study suggests that hydrographic anomalies both upstream from the North Atlantic, and locally generated in the Norwegian Sea, are important for the oceanic heat and salt transport that eventually enters into the Arctic.
A Review of Healthcare Disparities Relevant to Interventional Radiology

Abstract Racial, ethnic, and gender disparities have received focused attention recently, as they became more visible in the COVID era. We continue to learn more about how healthcare disparities manifest for our patients and, more broadly, the structural underpinnings that result in predictable outcomes gaps. This review summarizes what we know about disparities relevant to interventional radiologists. The prevalence and magnitude of disparities are quantified and discussed where relevant. Specific examples are provided to demonstrate how factors like gender, ethnicity, social status, geography, etc. interact to create inequities in the delivery of interventional radiology (IR) care. Understanding and addressing health disparities in IR is crucial for improving real-world patient outcomes and reducing the economic burden associated with ineffective and low-value care. Finally, the importance of intentional mentorship, outreach, education, and equitable distribution of high-quality healthcare to mitigate these disparities and promote health equity in interventional radiology is discussed.
LISPB DELTA, a lithospheric seismic profile in Britain: analysis and interpretation of the Wales and southern England section

Abstract: The Lithospheric Seismic Profile in Britain (LISPB), shot in 1974, included a 310 km profile LISPB DELTA, crossing the Palaeozoic Welsh Basin, the western extent of the Midland microcraton and the Cornubian zone of southern England. This first comprehensive analysis of these data has produced a sub-horizontally layered seismic and associated gravity model that correlates well with surface geology. A north–south decrease in crustal velocity and density corresponds to the change from Avalonian crust into the Rheno-Hercynian zone at the south end of the profile. High velocities and densities in the lowest crustal layer beneath north Wales are proposed to result from Cenozoic and possibly Ordovician igneous intrusive rocks, the former derived from an upwelling plume associated with the opening of the North Atlantic. Examination of the load distribution throughout the model shows that it is strongly correlated with the earthquake distribution along LISPB DELTA. Earthquake focal depth also correlates with heat flow. A simple heat-flow profile has been derived, and the seismic velocity model used to constrain crustal heat production values. A long-wavelength excursion from published data can be explained in terms of an increase in mantle heat flow resulting from a previously identified deep thermal anomaly beneath the Irish Sea. Supplementary material: normalised, synthetic and true amplitude seismic record sections including picks and modelled phases for shots SP04, SP05, SPS1, SPS2 are available at http://www.geolsoc. org.uk/SUP18450.
Numerical Simulation of the 1993 Midwestern Flood: Land–Atmosphere Interactions

Abstract During the summer of 1993, persistent and heavy precipitation caused a long-lived, catastrophic flood in the midwestern United States. In this paper, Midwest hydrology, atmospheric circulation of the 1993 summer, and feedback between the surface and precipitating systems were investigated using the Purdue Regional Model (PRM). The 30-day PRM control simulations reproduced the large-scale atmospheric features that characterized the summer of 1993. Specifically, the upper-level jet stream and trough over the northwestern United States are present in control cases, as well as the Great Plains low-level jet, general pattern of moisture transport, and heavy precipitation in the Midwest. The daily precipitation record (area averaged over the heaviest rainfall) indicates that the model also reproduces the evolution and periodicity of precipitation events comparable with the observations and correctly depicts the differences between June and July. The sensitivity of the low-level jet, planetary boundary .