Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematics Anxiety Effects in Simple and Complex Addition

Two experiments report on the relationship between level of mathematics anxiety and timed performance on simple and complex addition problems. In both experiments, subjects at differing levels of mathematics anxiety responded to one- and two-column addition problems in a verification task. Anxiety effects on the simple one-column addition problems were largely limited to the false problems. For example, when the incorrect answer differed by 1 from the correct value (e.g. 7+9=15), high anxious subjects were particularly slow to decide “false”, and became even less accurate when incorrect answers deviated further from correct (e.g. 7+9=39), the opposite of the normal trend. In both experiments, anxiety effects were especially prominent in the two-column addition problems, particularly when the problem involved the carry operation. Experiment 3 tested the same types of stimuli in an untimed task and showed equivalent, high accuracy for all levels of mathematics anxiety, arguing against an alternative interpr.
A defect relation for holomorphic curves intersecting hypersurfaces

In 1933, H. Cartan proved a defect relation Σ q j =1 δ f ( H j ) ≤ n + 1 for a linearly nondegenerate holomorphic curve f : [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /] and hyperplanes H j , 1 ≤ j ≤ q , in [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="02i" /] in general position. This paper extends it to holomorphic curves intersecting hypersurfaces. In 1979, B. Shiffman conjectured that if f : [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="03i" /] is an algebraically non-degenerate holomorphic map, and D 1 , . , D q are hypersurfaces in [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="04i" /] in general position, then Σ q j =1 δ f ( D j ) ≤ n + 1. This paper proves this conjecture.
Randomized decomposable statistics in the scheme of independent allocating particles into boxes

We study randomized decomposable statistics in the scheme of independent sequential allocating particles into a denumerable set of boxes. We obtain conditions of asymptotic normality, estimate the rates of convergence and give an asymptotic expansion of randomized decomposable statistic distributions. Applications of these results to the most important special cases are considered. 1. Let n particles be allocated, sequentially and independently of each other, into the denumerable set of boxes N = {1,2,. }, and let each particle occupy the rath box with probability pm > 0, ra G N, p\ + p2 + . = 1. Let 77TM = 77TM (n) be the number of particles in the rath box after allocating n particles, η = η(η) = (771,7/2,.); let {f£\y), ra G N} be a sequence of random functions of an integer-valued non-negative variable. We suppose that the series fo) = Σ /i%m) (i) m = l converges with probability one. Statistics of the random vector η which have the form (1) are called randomized decomposable statistics (RDS). If the functions /^(τ/), ra G N, are deterministic, then Κ(η) is called a decomposable statistic. The main purpose of this paper is to illustrate the results of [1] by applications to RDS Η(η) and to its special cases which are important in practice. Everywhere further limits are taken as n -» oo; (7, Ct denote positive constants independent on η; αη χ 6n, an = O(6n), an ~ bn mean correspondingly that there exist Ci, C2 and Ca such that C\an < bn < C2an, an < C36n for n > n0 and an/bn -» 1; the symbols Σ and Π denote correspondingly the sum and the product over ra G N. m m 2. Let {£m(ra)> ra G N} be a sequence of independent random variables (r.v.), and let £m(n) have the Poisson distribution with parameter npm, pm > 0, ra G Ν, ΣΡTM, = 1. m Assume that {/£°(2/τη)> ra G N} is a sequence of independent r.v. , which are independent of η and ξ = (60Ό>6()>···) for every n G N and any integers ym > 0, ra G N. The moments written below are supposed to exist and the series are absolutely convergent. Denote A(n) = *UDC 519.2. Originally published in Diskretnaya Matematika (1990) 2, No. 2, 97-111 (in Russian). Translated by V. V. Levin. 92 Sh. A. Mirakhmedov
Low-energy positron collisions with CH4 and SiH4 molecules by using new positron polarization potentials

The collision of low-energy (below positronium formation threshold) positrons with methane (CH4) and silane (SiH4) molecules is investigated by employing two types of parameter-free model polarization potentials within the density functional description of the target correlation. The first potential is based on the correlation energy, in corr, of one positron in a homogeneous electron gas of the target, while the second one is a modified version of the electron correlation potential in which the exchange interaction is absent. In the asymptotic region, both types of polarization potentials have the correct analytic form (- alpha 0/2r4, where alpha 0 is the polarizability of the target). Results for the total and differential cross sections are compared with recent measurements. The authors found that the first polarization potential mentioned above, is better than the second one.
Electronic transport property of single-crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide nanowires

Hexagonal WO3 nanowires were prepared on Si substrate by thermal evaporation of WO3 powder. A single WO3 nanowire was assembled on a pair of Pt electrodes by electric field assembly. The electrical transport behavior indicates that the back-to-back SBs structure is formed, which show nonlinear and asymmetric I-V properties. Through measurement of the I-V curve and the calculation of barrier height difference under illumination, it is found that the electrical asymmetry results from the asymmetric barrier height of the two Schottky barriers, which are dominated by the surface states of nanowire caused by O2 adsorption in the electric assembling process.
Photostability of different chlorine photosensitizers

In this paper, we report the photodegradation of three different chlorine photosensitizers (Photoditazine®, Radachlorin®, and Foscan®). The photosensitizer degradation was analyzed by changes in the fluorescence spectrum during illumination. The rate of fluorescence variation was normalized to the solution absorption and the photon energy resulting in the determination of the necessary number of photons to be absorbed to induce photosensitizer photodegradation. The parameter for rate of the molecules decay, the photon fluence rate and optical properties of the solution allow us to determine the photosensitizer stability in solution during illumination. The results show that the order of susceptibility for photodegradation rate is: Radachlorin® < Photoditazine® < Foscan®. This difference in the photodegradation rate for Foscan can be explained by the high proportion of aggregates in solution that inhibit the photo-oxidative process that impede the singlet oxygen formation. We hypothesize that there is a correlation between photodegradation rate and photodynamic efficacy witch is governed by the singlet oxygen formation responsible for the most relevant reaction of the cell death photodynamic induction. Then its is important to know the photostability of different types of drugs since the photodegradation rate, the photodegradation as well as the photodynamic efficacy are strong correlated to the oxygen concentration in the tissue.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Resists Phage Infection via Eavesdropping on Indole Signaling

Our finding is significant with respect to the study of the interactions between phage and host. Although the important roles of indole in bacterial physiology have been revealed, no direct examples of indole participating in phage-host interactions were reported. ABSTRACT Phage therapy is challenged by the frequent emergence of bacterial resistance to phages. As an interspecies signaling molecule, indole plays important roles in regulating bacterial behaviors. However, it is unclear whether indole is involved in the phage-bacterium interactions. Here, we report that indole modulated phage resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Specifically, we found that the type IV pilus (T4P) acts as an important receptor for P. aeruginosa phages vB_Pae_S1 and vB_Pae_TR, and indole could protect P. aeruginosa against phage infection via decreasing the T4P-mediated phage adsorption. Further investigation demonstrated that indole downregulated the expression of genes pilA, pilB, and pilQ, which are essential for T4P assembly and activity. Indole inhibits phage attacks, but our data suggest that indole functions not through interfering with the AHL-based QS pathway, although las quorum sensing (QS) of P. aeruginosa PAO1 were reported to promote phage infection. Our finding confirms the important roles of indole in virus-host interactions, which will provide important enlightenment in promoting phage therapy for P. aeruginosa infections. IMPORTANCE Our finding is significant with respect to the study of the interactions between phage and host. Although the important roles of indole in bacterial physiology have been revealed, no direct examples of indole participating in phage-host interactions were reported. This study reports that indole could modulate the phage resistance of indole-nonproducing Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 through inhibition of phage adsorption mechanism. Our finding will be significant for guiding phage therapy and fill some gaps in the field of phage-host interactions.
Plant Community Associates with Rare Rather than Abundant Fungal Taxa in Alpine Grassland Soils

Our current understanding of the ecology and functions of rare microbial taxa largely relies on research conducted on prokaryotes. Despite the key ecological roles of soil fungi, little is known about the biogeographic patterns and drivers of rare and abundant fungi in soils. ABSTRACT The importance of the rare microbial biosphere in maintaining biodiversity and ecological functions has been highlighted recently. However, the current understanding of the spatial distribution of rare microbial taxa is still limited, with only a few investigations for rare prokaryotes and virtually none for rare fungi. Here, we investigated the spatial patterns of rare and abundant fungal taxa in alpine grassland soils across 2,000 km of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. We found that most locally rare fungal taxa remained rare (13.07%) or were absent (82.85%) in other sites, whereas only a small proportion (4.06%) shifted between rare and abundant among sites. Although they differed in terms of diversity levels and compositions, the distance decay relationships of both the rare and the abundant fungal taxa were valid and displayed similar turnover rates. Moreover, the community assemblies of both rare and abundant fungal taxa were predominantly controlled by deterministic rather than stochastic processes. Notably, the community composition of rare rather than abundant fungal taxa associated with the plant community composition. In summary, this study advances our understanding of the biogeographic features of rare fungal taxa in alpine grasslands and highlights the concordance between plant communities and rare fungal subcommunities in soil. IMPORTANCE Our current understanding of the ecology and functions of rare microbial taxa largely relies on research conducted on prokaryotes. Despite the key ecological roles of soil fungi, little is known about the biogeographic patterns and drivers of rare and abundant fungi in soils. In this study, we investigated the spatial patterns of rare and abundant fungal taxa in Qinghai-Tibetan plateau (QTP) alpine grassland soils across 2,000 km, with a special concentration on the importance of the plant communities in shaping rare fungal taxa. We showed that rare fungal taxa generally had a biogeographic pattern that was similar to that of abundant fungal taxa in alpine grassland soils on the QTP. Furthermore, the plant community composition was strongly related to the community composition of rare taxa but not abundant taxa. In summary, this study significantly increases our biogeographic and ecological knowledge of rare fungal taxa in alpine grassland soils.
MRSA Isolates from Patients with Persistent Bacteremia Generate Nonstable Small Colony Variants In Vitro within Macrophages and Endothelial Cells during Prolonged Vancomycin Exposure

Staphylococcus aureus (especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA]) is frequently associated with persistent bacteremia (PB) during vancomycin therapy despite consistent susceptibility in vitro. Strategic comparisons of PB strains versus those from vancomycin-resolving bacteremia (RB) would yield important mechanistic insights into PB outcomes. ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus (especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA]) is frequently associated with persistent bacteremia (PB) during vancomycin therapy despite consistent susceptibility in vitro. Strategic comparisons of PB strains versus those from vancomycin-resolving bacteremia (RB) would yield important mechanistic insights into PB outcomes. Clinical PB versus RB isolates were assessed in vitro for intracellular replication and small colony variant (SCV) formation within macrophages and endothelial cells (ECs) in the presence or absence of exogenous vancomycin. In both macrophages and ECs, PB and RB isolates replicated within lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1)-positive compartments. PB isolates formed nonstable small colony variants (nsSCVs) in vancomycin-exposed host cells at a significantly higher frequency than matched RB isolates (in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF], human macrophages PB versus RB, P < 0.0001 at 48 h; in ECs, PB versus RB, P < 0.0001 at 24 h). This phenotype could represent one potential basis for the unique ability of PB isolates to adaptively resist vancomycin therapy and cause PB in humans. Elucidating the molecular mechanism(s) by which PB strains form nsSCVs could facilitate the discovery of novel treatment strategies to mitigate PB due to MRSA.
ARBITRAGE AND FREE LUNCH WITH BOUNDED RISK FOR UNBOUNDED CONTINUOUS PROCESSES

We give two examples showing that for unbounded continuous price processes, the no-free-lunch assumption and the existence of an equivalent martingale measure are not equivalent. In fact it turns out that the notion of an equivalent local martingale measure is natural in this context. Copyright 1994 Blackwell Publishers.
Animal Age Affects the Gut Microbiota and Immune System in Captive Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Although we have a preliminary understanding of the gut microbiota of koalas, we lack insight into which factors potentially impact captive koalas. This study creates the largest koala gut microbiota data set in China to date and describes several factors that may affect gut microbiota and the immune system in captive koalas, highlighting that age may be a key factor affecting captive koalas. ABSTRACT Gut microbiota is one of the major elements in the control of host health. However, the composition of gut microbiota in koalas has rarely been investigated. Here, we performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to determine the individual and environmental determinants of gut microbiota diversity and function in 35 fecal samples collected from captive koalas. Meanwhile, blood immune-related cytokine levels were examined by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR to initially explore the relationship between the gut microbiota and the immune system in koalas. The relative abundance of many bacteria, such as Lonepinella koalarum, varies at different ages in koalas and decreases with age. Conversely, Ruminococcus flavefaciens increases with age. Moreover, bacterial pathways involved in lipid metabolism, the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, and infectious disease show a significant correlation with age. Age affects the relationship between the microbiota and the host immune system. Among them, the gut microbiota of subadult and aged koalas was closely correlated with CD8β and CD4, whereas adult koalas were correlated with CLEC4E. We also found that sex, reproductive status, and living environment have little impact on the koala gut microbiota and immune system. These results shed suggest age is a key factor affecting gut microbiota and immunity in captive koalas and thus provide new insight into its role in host development and the host immune system. IMPORTANCE Although we have a preliminary understanding of the gut microbiota of koalas, we lack insight into which factors potentially impact captive koalas. This study creates the largest koala gut microbiota data set in China to date and describes several factors that may affect gut microbiota and the immune system in captive koalas, highlighting that age may be a key factor affecting captive koalas. Moreover, this study is the first to characterize the correlation between gut microbiota and cytokines in koalas. Better treatment strategies for infectious disorders may be possible if we can better understand the interactions between the immune system and the microbiota.
Discovery and Characterization of Polymyxin-Resistance Genes pmrE and pmrF from Sediment and Seawater Microbiome

Polymyxins are one of the last-resort antibiotics. Polymyxin resistance is a severe threat to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens. ABSTRACT Polymyxins are the last-line antibiotics used to treat Gram-negative pathogens. Thus, the discovery and biochemical characterization of the resistance genes against polymyxins are urgently needed for diagnosis, treatment, and novel antibiotic design. Herein, we report novel polymyxin-resistance genes identified from sediment and seawater microbiome. Despite their low sequence identity against the known pmrE and pmrF, they show in vitro activities in UDP-glucose oxidation and l-Ara4N transfer to undecaprenyl phosphate, respectively, which occur as the part of lipid A modification that leads to polymyxin resistance. The expression of pmrE and pmrF also showed substantially high MICs in the presence of vanadate ions, indicating that they constitute polymyxin resistomes. IMPORTANCE Polymyxins are one of the last-resort antibiotics. Polymyxin resistance is a severe threat to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens. Thus, up-to-date identification and understanding of the related genes are crucial. Herein, we performed structure-guided sequence and activity analysis of five putative polymyxin-resistant metagenomes. Despite relatively low sequence identity to the previously reported polymyxin-resistance genes, at least four out of five discovered genes show reactivity essential for lipid A modification and polymyxin resistance, constituting antibiotic resistomes.
Longevity and Neutralizing Capacity of IgG Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Generated by the Application of BNT162b2, AZD1222, Convidecia, Sputnik V, and CoronaVac Vaccines: a Cohort Study in the Mexican Population

Since the start of the vaccination programs against COVID-19 in 2020, it was evident that due to global shortages, the demand for the dose required in Mexico could only be covered by acquiring different vaccines. Therefore, determining the effectiveness of these and the longevity of acquired immunity is extremely important in a scenario where SARS-CoV-2 circulation becomes endemic and booster doses are required periodically. ABSTRACT The WHO has approved the use of several vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic; experience over the last 2 years has indicated that dose demand can only be covered using more than one design. Therefore, having scientific evidence of the performance of the different vaccines applied in a country is highly relevant. In Mexico, 5 vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were used, allowing a cohort study to analyze the generation of anti-S1/S2 IgG antibodies and anti-RBD antibodies with neutralizing activity at 0, 21, 90, and 180 days after vaccination. Five groups of participants were formed on the basis of the type of vaccine received and were divided on the basis of whether they previously had or did not have COVID-19. After completing the vaccination schedule, the seroprevalence was 95.5, 97.5, 81.0, 95.2, and 90.0% (BNT162b2, AZD1222, Convidecia, Sputnik V, and CoronaVac, respectively). Among the participants without COVID-19 prior to vaccination, the largest amount of antibodies in the 90-day period was observed in the BNT162b2 group, and the amount of antibodies in the Sputnik V group decreased the least over time. Even though the percentages of seroconversion obtained in this study were lower than those currently reported in other parts of the world, the tested vaccines are able, in most cases, to induce a good production of IgG antibodies anti-S1/S2 and neutralizing capacity. The fact that there are people who have not produced antibodies during the study leaves open some questions that must be investigated to avoid the appearance of serious cases of COVID-19. IMPORTANCE Since the start of the vaccination programs against COVID-19 in 2020, it was evident that due to global shortages, the demand for the dose required in Mexico could only be covered by acquiring different vaccines. Therefore, determining the effectiveness of these and the longevity of acquired immunity is extremely important in a scenario where SARS-CoV-2 circulation becomes endemic and booster doses are required periodically. Our data reveal significant differences both in the generation of antibodies as well as in their longevity for the vaccines applied in the country but suggest that, in general, the Mexican population can reach a high capacity to neutralize the virus, therefore, regarding less the variant for which they were designed.
The Protective Role of Interleukin 17A in Acinetobacter baumannii Pneumonia Is Associated with Candida albicans in the Airway

Recent studies have found that the coexistence of fungi and bacteria in the airway may increase the risk of infection, contribute to the development of pneumonia, and increase the severity of disease. Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) plays important roles in host resistance to bacterial and fungal infections. ABSTRACT Recent studies have found that the coexistence of fungi and bacteria in the airway may increase the risk of infection, contribute to the development of pneumonia, and increase the severity of disease. Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) plays important roles in host resistance to bacterial and fungal infections. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of IL-17A on Acinetobacter baumannii-infected rats with a previous Candida albicans airway inoculation. The incidence of A. baumannii pneumonia was higher in rats with C. albicans in the airway than in noninoculated rats, and it decreased when amphotericin B was used to clear C. albicans, which influenced IL-17A levels. IL-17A had a protective effect in A. baumannii pneumonia associated with C. albicans in the airway. Compared with A. baumannii-infected rats with C. albicans in the airway that did not receive IL-17A, recombinant IL-17A (rIL-17A) supplementation decreased the incidence of A. baumannii pneumonia (10/15 versus 5/17; P = 0.013) and the proportion of neutrophils in the lung (84 ± 3.5 versus 74 ± 4.3%; P = 0.033), reduced tissue destruction and inflammation, and decreased levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) (1.267 ± 0.15 versus 0.233 ± 0.06 U/g; P = 0.0004), reactive oxygen species (ROS) (132,333 ± 7,505 versus 64,667 ± 10,115 AU; P = 0.0007) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (2.736 ± 0.05 versus 2.1816 ± 0.29 U/g; P = 0.0313). In vitro experiments revealed that IL-17A had no significant effect on the direct migration ability and bactericidal capability of neutrophils. However, IL-17A restrained lysis cell death and increased apoptosis of neutrophils (2.9 ± 1.14 versus 7 ± 0.5%; P = 0.0048). Taken together, our results suggest that C. albicans can depress IL-17A levels, which when supplemented may have a regulatory function that limits the accumulation of neutrophils in inflammatory areas, providing inflammatory response homeostasis.