Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance in emotion recognition and theory of mind tasks in social anxiety and generalized anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Social cognition impairments may be associated with poor functional outcomes, symptoms, and disability in social anxiety disorder (SAD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). This meta-analysis aims to determine if emotion recognition and theory of mind (ToM) are impaired in SAD or GAD compared to healthy controls. A systematic review was conducted in electronic databases (PubMed, PsycNet, and Web of Science) to retrieve studies assessing emotion recognition and/or ToM in patients with SAD or GAD, compared to healthy controls, up to March 2022. Meta-analyses using random-effects models were conducted. We identified 21 eligible studies: 13 reported emotion recognition and 10 ToM outcomes, with 585 SAD patients, 178 GAD patients, and 753 controls. Compared to controls, patients with SAD exhibited impairments in emotion recognition (SMD = −0.32, CI = −0.47 – −0.16, z = −3.97, p < 0.0001) and ToM (SMD = −0.44, CI = −0.83 –0.04, z = −2.18, p < 0.01). Results for GAD were inconclusive due to the limited number of studies meeting the inclusion criteria (two for each domain). Relevant demographic and clinical variables (age, sex, education level, and anxiety scores) were not significantly correlated with emotion recognition or ToM impairments in SAD and GAD. Further studies employing ecological measures with larger and homogenous samples are needed to better delineate the factors influencing social cognition outcomes in both SAD and GAD.
Case report: A novel de novo deletion mutation of DYRK1A is associated with intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal dominant 7

Background Intellectual developmental disorder 7 (also named DYRK1A syndrome) is an autosomal dominant disease. The main clinical features of DYRK1A syndrome include intellectual disability, microcephaly, and developmental delay. This study aimed to identify pathogenic variants in a Chinese girl with developmental delay, impaired social interaction, and autistic behavior. Case presentation The case was a 6-year-old girl. Clinical symptoms of the patient mainly included developmental delay, seizures, autistic behavior and impaired social interaction. The patient presented with microcephaly, bushy eyebrows, a short lingual frenum, binocular esotropia, bilateral valgus and external rotation, and walked with an abnormal gait. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified a 9,424 bp de novo heterozygous deletion (containing coding exons 10, 11, and 12, and partial sequences of non-coding exon 12) in DYRK1A, which is responsible for DYRK1A syndrome. The DYRK1A variant is classified as pathogenic according to the criteria of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. Conclusions The findings of this study augment the data regarding the pathogenic variants of DYRK1A and provide important information for molecular diagnosis.
Prognostic significance of white blood cell to platelet ratio in delayed cerebral ischemia and long-term clinical outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Objectives The ratio of white blood cell to platelet count (WPR) is considered a promising biomarker in some diseases. However, its prediction of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and prognosis after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) has not been studied. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the predictive value of WPR in DCI after aSAH and its impact on 90-day functional outcome. Materials and methods This study retrospectively analyzed the data of blood biochemical parameters in 447 patients with aSAH at early admission. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the risk factors for DCI. According to multivariate analysis results, a nomogram for predicting DCI is developed and verified by R software. The influence of WPR on 90-day modified Rankin score (mRS) was also analyzed. Results Among 447 patients with aSAH, 117 (26.17%) developed DCI during hospitalization. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that WPR [OR = 1.236; 95%CI: 1.058–1.444; p = 0.007] was an independent risk factor for DCI. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive ability of WPR for DCI, and the cut-off value of 5.26 (AUC 0.804, 95% CI: 0.757–0.851, p < 0.001). The ROC curve (AUC 0.875, 95% CI: 0.836–0.913, p < 0.001) and calibration curve (mean absolute error = 0.017) showed that the nomogram had a good predictive ability for the occurrence of DCI. Finally, we also found that high WPR levels at admission were closely associated with poor prognosis. Conclusion WPR level at admission is a novel serum marker for DCI and the poor prognosis after aSAH. A nomogram model containing early WPR will be of great value in predicting DCI after aSAH.
Different heart failure phenotypes of valvular heart disease: the role of mitochondrial dysfunction

Valvular heart disease (VHD)-related heart failure (HF) is a special subtype of HF with an increasingly concerned heterogeneity in pathophysiology, clinical phenotypes, and outcomes. The mechanism of VHD-related HF involves not only mechanical damage to the valve itself but also valve lesions caused by myocardial ischemia. The interactions between them will lead to the occurrence and development of VHD-related HF subtypes. Due to the spatial (combination of different valvular lesions) and temporal effects (sequence of valvular lesions) of valvular damages, it can make the patient's condition more complicated and also make the physicians deal with a dilemma when deciding on a treatment plan. This indicates that there is still lack of deep understanding on the pathogenic mechanism of VHD-related HF subtypes. On the other hand, mitochondrial dysfunction (MitD) is not only associated with the development of numerous cardiac diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, and HF but also occurs in VHD. However, the role of MitD in VHD-related HF is still not fully recognized. In this comprehensive review, we aim to discuss the current findings and challenges of different valvular damages derived from HF subtypes as well as the role of MitD in VHD-related HF subtypes.
Longitudinal conjunction between MESSENGER and STEREO A: Development of ICME complexity through stream interactions

We use data on an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) seen by MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) and STEREO A starting on 29 December 2011 in a near‐perfect longitudinal conjunction (within 3°) to illustrate changes in its structure via interaction with the solar wind in less than 0.6 AU. From force‐free field modeling we infer that the orientation of the underlying flux rope has undergone a rotation of ∼80° in latitude and ∼65° in longitude. Based on both spacecraft measurements as well as ENLIL model simulations of the steady state solar wind, we find that interaction involving magnetic reconnection with corotating structures in the solar wind dramatically alters the ICME magnetic field. In particular, we observed a highly turbulent region with distinct properties within the flux rope at STEREO A, not observed at MESSENGER, which we attribute to interaction between the ICME and a heliospheric plasma sheet/current sheet during propagation. Our case study is a concrete example of a sequence of events that can increase the complexity of ICMEs with heliocentric distance even in the inner heliosphere. The results highlight the need for large‐scale statistical studies of ICME events observed in conjunction at different heliocentric distances to determine how frequently significant changes in flux rope orientation occur during propagation. These results also have significant implications for space weather forecasting and should serve as a caution on using very distant observations to predict the geoeffectiveness of large interplanetary transients.
Participation in everyday life for young people with chronic pain in Saudi Arabia: “you feel lacking in life and you feel that time is flying by”

Introduction Chronic pain is a common health problem that can have a significant impact on children and young people's daily life. Although research on pediatric chronic pain has been a priority globally, little is known about young people's experience of chronic pain in Saudi Arabia. Thus, this article reports on young people's experience of chronic pain and the impact on their lives in Saudi Arabia which forms part of a larger study. Methods Multiple case study design following Yin's (2018) approach was used. Purposeful and theoretical sampling were used to recruit young people aged 12 to 18 who had experienced chronic pain for at least three months, their parents, and their school personnel. The young people and their parents were recruited from a tertiary hospital located on the western side of Saudi Arabia while school personnel were recruited from the schools that young people attended. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured face-to-face (n = 15) and telephone interviews (n = 25) from 40 participants (10 young people, 10 parents, and 20 school personnel). Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and translated from Arabic to English. Data were analyzed following two phases: (1) constant comparative analysis; and (2) cross-case analysis based on the work of Charmaz (2014) and Yin (2018) respectively. Findings Young people's experiences of chronic pain were categorized into three themes: (1) experiencing chronic pain; (2) impact of pain on quality of life; and (3) everyday strategies to manage chronic pain. All young people reported that their pain was caused by a chronic condition, where the most prevalent pains were musculoskeletal/joint pain, abdominal pain, and headache/migraine. Most young people had encountered challenges with misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis as to the cause of their chronic pain. They described how their chronic pain interfered with their physical, psychological, and social functioning. They primarily managed their pain with medications and through self-care techniques. The findings also indicated that young people's generally positive attitude to their pain reflected their beliefs in Allah's power and the belief that such suffering should be borne according to their Islamic culture. Conclusion Chronic pain is a significant health phenomenon that tends to restrict the participation of young people in everyday life. However young people used a range of strategies to normalize the pain so that they could continue with their everyday activities like their peers.
Efficacy and survival of anti-PD-1 antibody in combination with trastuzumab and chemotherapy versus trastuzumab and chemotherapy as first-line treatment of HER2-positive metastasis gastric adenocarcinoma: a retrospective study

Background The KEYNOTE-811 study exhibited promising preliminary results for HER2-positive metastasis gastric adenocarcinoma; however, long-term survival benefit remains to be determined. Methods In this single-center, controlled, retrospective study, patients with histologically confirmed HER2-positive unresectable or metastatic gastric/gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma received either anti-PD-1 antibody combined with trastuzumab and chemotherapy (cohort A) or trastuzumab and chemotherapy treatment (cohort B). The primary end points were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The secondary end points were objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and duration of response (DoR). Results A total of 56 patients were eligible to join the study, with 30 patients in cohort A and 26 patients in cohort B. The median PFS (mPFS) was 16.2 months (95% CI, 15.093–17.307) in cohort A versus 14.5 months (95% CI, 9.491–19.509) in cohort B (p = 0.58). The median OS in cohort A was 28.1 months (95% CI, 17.625–38.575) versus 31.6 months (95% CI, 13.757–49.443) in cohort B (p = 0.534). ORRs were 66.7% and 50% in the two groups, respectively. DCRs were 90% and 84.6% in the two groups. Median DoR was not reached in cohort A and it was 16.3 (95% CI, 8.453–24.207) months in cohort B (p = 0.141). The most common irAEs were grade 1 hypothyroidism (33.3%) in cohort A. No treatment-related deaths occurred in this study. Conclusions This retrospective cohort study provided a preliminary picture on the long-term follow-up of combining anti-PD-1 antibody with trastuzumab and chemotherapy in HER2-positive GC, and a trend with longer DoR and ORR was identified. Further studies with larger sample sizes and more in-depth molecular investigation are needed.
The human Stat1 gain-of-function T385M mutation causes expansion of activated T-follicular helper/T-helper 1-like CD4 T cells and sex-biased autoimmunity in specific pathogen-free mice

Introduction Humans with gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in STAT1 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1), a potent immune regulator, experience frequent infections. About one-third, especially those with DNA-binding domain (DBD) mutations such as T385M, also develop autoimmunity, sometimes accompanied by increases in T-helper 1 (Th1) and T-follicular helper (Tfh) CD4 effector T cells, resembling those that differentiate following infection-induced STAT1 signaling. However, environmental and molecular mechanisms contributing to autoimmunity in STAT1 GOF patients are not defined. Methods We generated Stat1T385M/+ mutant mice to model the immune impacts of STAT1 DBD GOF under specific-pathogen free (SPF) conditions. Results Stat1T385M/+ lymphocytes had more total Stat1 at baseline and also higher amounts of IFNg-induced pStat1. Young mutants exhibited expansion of Tfh-like cells, while older mutants developed autoimmunity accompanied by increased Tfh-like cells, B cell activation and germinal center (GC) formation. Mutant females exhibited these immune changes sooner and more robustly than males, identifying significant sex effects of Stat1T385M-induced immune dysregulation. Single cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) analysis revealed that Stat1T385M activated transcription of GC-associated programs in both B and T cells. However, it had the strongest transcriptional impact on T cells, promoting aberrant CD4 T cell activation and imparting both Tfh-like and Th1-like effector programs. Discussion Collectively, these data demonstrate that in the absence of overt infection, Stat1T385M disrupted naïve CD4 T cell homeostasis and promoted expansion and differentiation of abnormal Tfh/Th1-like helper and GC-like B cells, eventually leading to sex-biased autoimmunity, suggesting a model for STAT1 GOF-induced immune dysregulation and autoimmune sequelae in humans.
The effects of helminth infections on the human gut microbiome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The gut microbiome is important in shaping human health. One key factor that has been proposed to affect the gut microbiome is helminth infection. Unravelling the association and/or interaction between helminth infections and the gut microbiome may reveal new insights into the mechanisms through which parasitic worms impact the prognosis of infections and diseases. While considerable work has gone into reviewing data on the effect of helminth infection on gut microbiome in animal studies, less attention has been given to this area of research in human studies. This study set out to address this through an exhaustive systematic review of literature. Articles were identified through EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Science Direct following a registered protocol (PROSPERO). After assessing methodological quality (ICROMS) and publication bias, a random effects meta-analysis was performed to investigate the overall effect that intestinal parasites can have on the human gut microbiome using alpha- and beta-diversity metrics and adjusting for age, sex and antihelminthic treatment taken by individuals. A total of 19 out of 3466 articles were included in the final meta-analysis. Our results show that helminth infection increases the host bacterial diversity, as well as microbial richness. This work further contributes to the understanding of how the gut microbiome structure changes depends on whether one is infected with helminths or not. It also lays the foundation for future research aimed at establishing how these interactions could explain the disparity in phenotypes such as infection, disease and vaccine responses reported in different regions worldwide. Systematic review registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42020192182.
Layerwise Bregman Representation Learning of Neural Networks with Applications to Knowledge Distillation

We propose a new method for layerwise representation learning of a trained neural network that conforms to the non-linearity of the layer’s transfer function. In particular, we form a Bregman divergence based on the convex function induced by the layer’s transfer function and construct an extension of the original Bregman PCA formulation by incorporating a mean vector and revising the normalization constraint on the principal directions. These modiﬁcations allow exporting the learned representation as a ﬁxed layer with a non-linearity. As an application to knowledge distillation, we cast the learning problem for the student network as predicting the compression coeﬃcients of the teacher’s representations, which is then passed as the input to the imported layer. Our empirical ﬁndings indicate that our approach is substantially more eﬀective for transferring information between networks than typical teacher-student training that uses the teacher’s soft labels.
ETIOLOGY OF SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH IN FORENSIC MEDICAL PRACTICE AND SELECTION OF CASES FOR POST-MORTEM GENETIC TESTING – 5 YEAR RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a term used to describe death in a person who has no previously diagnosed heart disease, or is not expected to die at that stage of the disease. SCD is considered a major health problem in the world, accounting for 15-20% of all deaths, and the mechanism of its occurrence includes the development of ventricular tachycardia, which progresses to ventricular fibrillation and finally asystole. SCD is generally seen in the older population; however, a significant mortality rate is also observed in young people with hereditary heart pathology. The use of substances that can have an effect on cardiac function is associated with many cases of SCD, so toxicological substances should always be considered by forensic doctors and screening tests should always be performed. The aim of this research is to analyze the causes of sudden cardiac death and to select cases in which post-mortem genetic testing is indicated. For this purpose, a review was made of the autopsies performed at the Institute of Forensic Medicine between 2018 and 2022, the biochemical and toxicological findings of the various causes of death were analyzed, and the cases where the exact cause of sudden cardiac death was not determined were also analyzed. In the analyzed period of 5 years, the cases with cardiomyopathy dominated, followed by coronary artery heart disease, and in 20 percent of the cases the exact cause of death was not determined. Men dominated with a percentage representation of 80%.
The Smallest Thermal Scales in a Turbulent Channel Flow at Prandtl Number 1

For describing the turbulent heat transfer from a wall to a fluid at low Reynolds (Re < 10000) and low Prandtl numbers (Pr < 20) a direct numerical simulation (DNS) can be used, which describes all the length and time scales of the phenomenon. The object of this paper is to find out the influence of the smallest temperature scales on the largest ones, which are responsible for the “macro” behavior of the near-wall heat transfer. Simulation, performed at Re = 2650 and Pr = 1, was calculated for velocity field with the DNS accuracy and for three different temperature fields. First temperature field, calculated with the DNS accuracy, was used as a reference to the second and third temperature fields where the highest Fourier coefficients in streamwise and spanwise directions were filtered and damped. It means, that the smallest temperature scales were not described with DNS accuracy anymore. New approach shows that results, for at least first and second order statistics, are comparable to the DNS ones without filtering and damping.
The Effect of Digital Comic Media on East Asian Students’ English Language Learning Outcomes

The use of learning media at the lecture orientation stage will greatly help the effectiveness of the lecture process and the delivery of messages and lecture materials. In addition to generating student motivation and interest, media can also help students improve understanding, present interesting and reliable data, facilitate data interpretation, and condense information. The purpose of this study was to measure how much influence the digital comic learning media had on Indonesian students’ English language learning outcomes. The method used in this study was the experimental one with the control and experimental groups. The results of the data analysis showed that the difference between the pre-test and the post-test of the experimental class was significant. It could be concluded that there was an increase in the students’ English language learning outcomes in the experimental class. In fact, the increase in their English language learning outcomes is probably caused by digital comic media.
Multicultural Education in Indonesia: An Islamic Perspective

The delivery of knowledge about the histories, cultures, and contributions of diverse groups to the students is important for societies and nations. To deliver this knowledge to students, multicultural education has a pivotal role. Particularly, in Muslim populated countries such as Indonesia, the role of multicultural education along with Islamic values has major importance for students. In this way, this study examined the role of content integration, equality pedagogy, empowering culture, prejudice reduction and knowledge construction examined in relation to multicultural equation by considering Islamic perspective. Furthermore, this study examined the role of Islamic values as moderating variable. To examine this relationship, data was collected from the schools in Indonesia. Data collection was made through questionnaire survey in which 5-point Likert scale was used. Data analysis was carried out by using Partial Least Square (PLS). Results of the study shows that; content integration, equality pedagogy