Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adoption of Individual Flood Damage Mitigation Measures in New York City: An Extension of Protection Motivation Theory

This study offers insights into factors of influence on the implementation of flood damage mitigation measures by more than 1,000 homeowners who live in flood‐prone areas in New York City. Our theoretical basis for explaining flood preparedness decisions is protection motivation theory, which we extend using a variety of other variables that can have an important influence on individual decision making under risk, such as risk attitudes, time preferences, social norms, trust, and local flood risk management policies. Our results in relation to our main hypothesis are as follows. Individuals who live in high flood risk zones take more flood‐proofing measures in their home than individuals in low‐risk zones, which suggests the former group has a high threat appraisal. With regard to coping appraisal variables, we find that a high response efficacy and a high self‐efficacy play an important role in taking flood damage mitigation measures, while perceived response cost does not. In addition, a variety of behavioral characteristics influence individual decisions to flood‐proof homes, such as risk attitudes, time preferences, and private values of being well prepared for flooding. Investments in elevating one's home are mainly influenced by building code regulations and are negatively related with expectations of receiving federal disaster relief. We discuss a variety of policy recommendations to improve individual flood preparedness decisions, including incentives for risk reduction through flood insurance, and communication campaigns focused on coping appraisals and informing people about flood risk they face over long time horizons.
Cancer diagnosis and risk of suicide after accounting for prediagnosis psychiatric care: A matched‐cohort study of patients with incident solid‐organ malignancies

Previous studies have demonstrated an association between a diagnosis of cancer and the risk of suicide; however, they failed to account for psychiatric care before a cancer diagnosis, which may confound this relationship. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a cancer diagnosis on the risk of suicide, accounting for prediagnosis psychiatric care utilization.
Improving the Scalability of SOI-Based Tunnel FETs Using Ground Plane in Buried Oxide

Tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) are known to exhibit degraded electrical characteristics at smaller channel lengths, primarily due to direct source-to-drain band-to-band tunneling (BTBT). In this paper, we propose a technique to suppress direct source-to-drain BTBT by increasing the effective distance between the source and the drain. We propose to add a ground plane (GP) in the buried oxide of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) TFET which depletes the drain and increases the effective source-to-drain distance. Using 2-D device simulations it is shown that the introduction of the ground plane is effective in reducing OFF-state current and ambipolar current, as well as, in improving the average subthreshold swing for the small channel length SOI-TFETs. Additionally, the addition of GP is helpful in ameliorating the short-channel effects, such as drain-induced barrier lowering and threshold voltage roll-off.
Human Double-Negative Regulatory T-Cells Induce a Metabolic and Functional Switch in Effector T-Cells by Suppressing mTOR Activity

The recently discovered population of TCRαβ+ CD4–/CD8– (double-negative, DN) T-cells are highly potent suppressor cells in mice and humans. In preclinical transplantation models, adoptive transfer of DN T-cells specifically inhibits alloreactive T-cells and prevents transplant rejection or graft-vs.-host disease (GvHD). Interestingly, clinical studies in patients who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation reveal an inverse correlation between the frequency of circulating DN T-cells and the severity of GvHD, suggesting a therapeutic potential of human DN T-cells. However, their exact mode of action has not been elucidated yet. Investigating the impact of DN T-cells on conventional T-cells, we found that human DN T-cells selectively inhibit mTOR signaling in CD4 T-cells. Given that mTOR is a critical regulator of cellular metabolism, we further determined the impact of DN T-cells on the metabolic framework of T-cells. Intriguingly, DN T-cells diminished expression of glucose transporters and glucose uptake, whereas fatty acid uptake was not modified, indicating that DN T-cells prevent metabolic adaptation of CD4 T-cells upon activation (i.e., glycolytic switch) thereby contributing to their suppression. Further analyses demonstrated that CD4 T-cells also do not upregulate homing receptors associated with inflammatory processes. In contrast, expression of central memory-cell associated cell surface markers and transcription factors were increased by DN T-cells. Moreover, CD4 T-cells failed to produce inflammatory cytokines after co-culture with DN T-cells, whereas IL-2 secretion was enhanced. Taken together DN T-cells impair metabolic reprogramming of conventional CD4 T-cells by abrogating mTOR signaling, thereby modulating CD4 T-cell functionality. These results uncover a new mechanism of DN T-cell-mediated suppression, pointing out that DN T-cells could serve as cell-based therapy to limit alloreactive immune response.
Measuring the depth of invasion in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma: interobserver agreement and pitfalls

The depth of invasion is an important prognostic factor for patients with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The threshold of 1 mm distinguishes between FIGO stages IA and ≥IB disease and guides the need for groin surgery. Therefore, high interobserver agreement is crucial. The conventional and the alternative method are described to measure the depth of invasion. The aims of this study were to assess interobserver agreement for classifying the depth of invasion using both methods and to identify pitfalls.
Natural disaster preparedness in a multi-hazard environment: Characterizing the sociodemographic profile of those better (worse) prepared

The growing multi-hazard environment to which millions of people in the world are exposed highlights the importance of making sure that populations are increasingly better prepared. The objective of this study was to report the levels of preparedness of a community exposed to two natural hazards and identify the primary sociodemographic characteristics of groups with different preparedness levels. A survey was conducted on 476 participants from two localities of the Atacama Region in the north of Chile during the spring of 2015. Their level of preparedness at home and work was assessed to face two types of natural hazards: earthquakes and floods.The findings show that participants are significantly better prepared to face earthquakes than floods, which sends a serious warning to local authorities, given that floods have caused the greatest human and material losses in the region’s recent history of natural disasters. Men claimed to be more prepared than women to face floods, something that the authors attribute to the particular characteristics of the main employment sectors for men and women in the region. The potential contribution of large companies on preparedness levels of communities in the areas in which they operate is discussed. The sociodemographic profile of individuals with the highest levels of preparedness in an environment with multiple natural hazards are people between 30 and 59 years of age, living with their partner and school-age children. The implications of the results pertaining to institutions responsible for developing disaster risk reduction plans, policies and programs in a multi-hazard environment are discussed.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics of Non-Hemolytic L. monocytogenes Isolated from Food and Processing Environments

Increasingly, Listeria monocytogenes (LM) with atypical phenotypic and genotypic characteristics are being isolated from food, causing problems with their classification and testing. From 2495 soil, food, and swab samples from the food industry, 262 LM isolates were found. A total of 30 isolates were isolated, mainly from soil and plant food, and were classified as atypical LM (aLM) because they lacked the ability to move (30/11.4%) and perform hemolysis (25/9.5%). The isolation environment affected aLM incidence, cell size, sugar fermentation capacity, antibiotic sensitivity, and the number of virulence genes. Therefore, despite several characteristics differentiating all aLMs/non-hemolytic isolates from reference LMs, the remaining phenotypic characteristics were specific to each aLM isolate (like a fingerprint). The aLM/non-hemolytic isolates, particularly those from the soil and meat industries, showed more variability in their sugar fermentation capacity and were less sensitive to antibiotics than LMs. As many as 11 (36.7%) aLM isolates had resistance to four different antibiotics or simultaneously to two antibiotics. The aLM isolates possessed 3–7 of the 12 virulence genes: prfA and hly in all aLMs, while iap was not present. Only five (16.7%) isolates were classified into serogroups 1/2c-3c or 4a-4c. The aLM/non-hemolytic isolates differed by many traits from L. immobilis and atypical L. innocua. The reference method of reviving and isolating LM required optimization of aLM. Statistical analyses of clustering, correlation, and PCA showed similarities and differences between LM and aLM/non-hemolytic isolates due to individual phenotypic traits and genes. Correlations were found between biochemical traits, antibiotic resistance, and virulence genes. The increase in the incidence of atypical non-hemolytic LM may pose a risk to humans, as they may not be detected by ISO methods and have greater antibiotic resistance than LM. aLM from LM can be distinguished based on lack of hemolysis, motility, growth at 4 °C, ability to ferment D-arabitol, and lack of six specific genes.
The Impact of Affective Information on Working Memory: A Pair of Meta-Analytic Reviews of Behavioral and Neuroimaging Evidence

Everyday life is defined by goal states that are continuously reprioritized based on available, often affective information. To pursue these goals, individuals need to process and maintain goal-relevant information, while ignoring potentially salient information that distracts resources from these goals. Empirically, this ability has typically been operationalized as working memory (WM) capacity. A growing body of research is investigating the impact of information’s affective salience on WM capacity. In the present review we address this question by exploring the potential differential impact of affective compared with neutral information on WM, and the underlying neural substrates. One-hundred and 65 studies (N = 7,433) were included in the meta-analysis. Results showed negligible to small (d̂ = −.07–.20) effects of affective information on behavioral measures of WM in healthy individuals (n = 4,936) that varied as a function of valence and task-relevance. Heterogeneity analyses were significant, demonstrating the need to identify further study-specific factors and individual differences that moderate affective WM. At the neural level (33 studies; n = 683), processing affective versus neutral material during WM tasks was associated with more frequent recruitment of the vlPFC, the amygdala, and the temporo-occipital cortex. In contrast to healthy individuals, across behavioral studies those suffering from mental health problems (n = 2,041) showed impaired WM accuracy (d̂ = −0.21) in the presence of affective material. These findings highlight the importance of integrating behavioral and neural levels of analysis. Finally, these findings suggest that affective WM capacity may be a transdiagnostic mechanism associated with poor mental health.
Investigation of PBTI Degradation in Nanosheet nFETs With HfO2 Gate Dielectric by 3D-KMC Method

Stacked nanosheet transistor (NST) has been regarded as a promising candidate to enable scaling beyond FinFET for the sub-5 nm technology node due to the superior performance. However, reliability optimization from the physical perspective, which is essential for the guideline of NST cell design, still remains unclear. In this paper, we investigate positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) degradation in the ultra-scaled n-type NST with HfO2 gate dielectric by three-dimensional-kinetic Monte Carlo method considering multiple microscopic mechanisms. Gate voltage bias and temperature dependent PBTI characteristics are presented. Furthermore, the impacts of width (Wsh) and height (Hsh), key design parameters for NST, on PBTI degradation and threshold voltage shift (ΔVth) variation are evaluated. The results show that with the larger Wsh/Hsh, PBTI becomes severer but suffers less variation and the high temperature enlarges ΔVth variation. In the case of same device perimeter, PBTI is more sensitive to the narrow Hsh side.
A flow approach to Bartnik’s static metric extension conjecture in axisymmetry

We investigate Bartnik's static metric extension conjecture under the additional assumption of axisymmetry of both the given Bartnik data and the desired static extensions. To do so, we suggest a geometric flow approach, coupled to the Weyl-Papapetrou formalism for axisymmetric static solutions to the Einstein vacuum equations. The elliptic Weyl-Papapetrou system becomes a free boundary value problem in our approach. We study this new flow and the coupled flow--free boundary value problem numerically and find axisymmetric static extensions for axisymmetric Bartnik data in many situations, including near round spheres in spatial Schwarzschild of positive mass.
A preferential attachment model for the stellar initial mass function

Accurate specification of a likelihood function is becoming increasingly difficult in many inference problems in astronomy. As sample sizes resulting from astronomical surveys continue to grow, deficiencies in the likelihood function lead to larger biases in key parameter estimates. These deficiencies result from the oversimplification of the physical processes that generated the data, and from the failure to account for observational limitations. Unfortunately, realistic models often do not yield an analytical form for the likelihood. The estimation of a stellar initial mass function (IMF) is an important example. The stellar IMF is the mass distribution of stars initially formed in a given cluster of stars, a population which is not directly observable due to stellar evolution and other disruptions and observational limitations of the cluster. There are several difficulties with specifying a likelihood in this setting since the physical processes and observational challenges result in measurable masses that cannot legitimately be considered independent draws from an IMF. This work improves inference of the IMF by using an approximate Bayesian computation approach that both accounts for observational and astrophysical effects and incorporates a physically-motivated model for star cluster formation. The methodology is illustrated via a simulation study, demonstrating that the proposed approach can recover the true posterior in realistic situations, and applied to observations from astrophysical simulation data.
Bias Temperature Stress Instability of Multilayered MoS2 Field-Effect Transistors With CYTOP Passivation

Bias temperature stress instability on multilayered MoS<sub>2</sub> FETs was systematically investigated with the device scheme encapsulated with amorphous fluoropolymers [cyclized transparent optical polymer (CYTOP)] for the secure of minimization of external gas ambient effects. Large threshold voltage shifts (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {V}_{\textsf {th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) for the negative bias temperature stress (NBTS) were observed, compared to the positive bias temperature stress (PBTS). Herein, the asymmetry behaviors on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {V}_{\textsf {th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, observed in this paper, are ascribed to the sulfur vacancy in MoS<sub>2</sub> layers, leading to large hole traps compared to electron traps in MoS<sub>2</sub> layers. Moreover, high-temperature-sensitivity [<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${d}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>(<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {V}_{\textsf {th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>)/ <italic>dT</italic>] on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {V}_{\textsf {th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for PBTS than NBTS was observed, and their origins are possibly due to synergetic effects associated with large trap energy distribution (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}_{o}{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) for electron trap levels.
A Proposal for an Electrostatic Doping-Assisted Electroabsorption Modulator for Intrachip Communication

In this paper, we report a CMOS compatible novel penta-electrode charge-plasma diode-based optical electroabsorption modulator (EAM). The proposed integrated EAM is junctionless and employs electrostatic doping in the semiconductor to change its absorption coefficient. The proposed EAM has a vertical metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) and lateral metal–semiconductor (MS) junctions. Using this novel MIS–MS-based charge plasma diode, EAM with various lengths are designed on the standard 220-nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The numerical simulations, using commercially available TCAD tools and mode solvers, are performed to estimate the performances of the proposed modulators. A couple of combinations of materials having different work functions are used as electrodes to realize this MIS–MS charge plasma diode and their performances are extensively studied. The results predict that 550 $\mu \text{m}$ -long EAM with electrodes made of palladium and aluminum offers ~ 3.4 dB of dynamic extinction ratio (ER). Approximately 8.1 dB of insertion loss (IL) will be introduced by the proposed EAM with a length of $550~\mu \text{m}$ . The proposed modulator is expected to provide a maximum of 30.3 GHz operating speed with 26.2 GHz of 3-dB electrooptic bandwidth. Also, the simulation result indicates that the maximum dynamic energy consumption for the proposed EAM is approximately 39.1 fJ/bit at 12.5-Gb/s data rate.
Changes in attitudes of undergraduate students learning interprofessional education in the absence of patient safety modules: evaluation with a modified T-TAQ instrument

ABSTRACT Communication underpinning well-functioning teamwork is a key mechanism for patient safety. Undergraduate interprofessional education (IPE) provides students with a basic understanding of the psychological factors contributing to teamwork. To develop IPE fostering a collaborative mindset for patient safety, attitudinal changes of students for patient safety were evaluated. Changes in the scores of the modified attitudes toward health care teams scale (ATHCTS) and the modified teamwork attitudes questionnaire (T-TAQ) of students pre- and post-IPE program were evaluated in the 2017 academic year. One hundred and fifty-one students (n=151) of five health professions (medicine, nursing, laboratory science, physiotherapy and occupational therapy) and 125 students of a possible 167 completed the survey before and after the IPE program, respectively. In the modified ATHCTS, 11 out of 14 items showed a significant change. The “quality of care delivery” and “patient-centered care” subscales showed significant increases in the regression factor score. In contrast, only 7 out of 30 items showed a significant increase in the modified T-TAQ. Four out of five categories, however, showed a significant increase, although the factor structure did not correspond to the T-TAQ category structure. The IPE program may have significant capacity to cultivate competencies to collaborate for patient safety. However, development of IPE may require preceding subjects providing concrete knowledge for patient safety, especially for communication and leadership.
The Future Is Now: Unraveling the Expanding Potential of Human (Necro)Microbiome in Forensic Investigations

The relevance of postmortem microbiological examinations has been controversial for decades, but the boom in advanced sequencing techniques over the last decade is increasingly demonstrating their usefulness, namely for the estimation of the postmortem interval. This comprehensive review aims to present the current knowledge about the human postmortem microbiome (the necrobiome), highlighting the main factors influencing this complex process and discussing the principal applications in the field of forensic sciences. Several limitations still hindering the implementation of forensic microbiology, such as small-scale studies, the lack of a universal/harmonized workflow for DNA extraction and sequencing technology, variability in the human microbiome, and limited access to human cadavers, are discussed. Future research in the field should focus on identifying stable biomarkers within the dominant Bacillota and Pseudomonadota phyla, which are prevalent during postmortem periods and for which standardization, method consolidation, and establishment of a forensic microbial bank are crucial for consistency and comparability. Given the complexity of identifying unique postmortem microbial signatures for robust databases, a promising future approach may involve deepening our understanding of specific bacterial species/strains that can serve as reliable postmortem interval indicators during the process of body decomposition. Microorganisms might have the potential to complement routine forensic tests in judicial processes, requiring robust investigations and machine-learning models to bridge knowledge gaps and adhere to Locard’s principle of trace evidence.
Alterations of Mitochondrial Biology in the Oral Mucosa of Chilean Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by the impairment of socio-communicative skills and the presence of restricted and stereotyped behavior patterns. Recent researches have revealed the influence of mitochondrial physiology on the development of ASD. Several research groups have identified defects in respiratory complexes, coenzyme-Q10 deficiency, increased oxidative damage, decreased of superoxide dismutase (SOD2). A study on the influence of mitochondrial physiology on the development of ASD can provide new alternatives and challenges. That is why we set ourselves the general objective to initiate studies of mitochondrial physiology in Chilean children with ASD. A sample of oral mucosa was collected in a group of 12 children diagnosed with ASD and 12 children without ASD. In children with ASD, we found a significant increase in mitochondrial DNA levels. Likewise, in these children, an increase in the protein oxidation was observed. Finally, a downward trend in the expression of the HIGD2A and SOD2 genes was observed, while DRP1, FIS1, MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1 gene expression show an upward trend. The increment of mitochondrial DNA, high oxidative stress, and high expression of the MFN2 gene could help as a scanner of the mitochondrial function in children with ASD.