Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yield stress effects on Rayleigh–Bénard convection

We examine the effects of a fluid yield stress on the classical Rayleigh–Bénard instability between heated parallel plates. The focus is on a qualitative characterization of these flows, by theoretical and computational means. In contrast to Newtonian fluids, we show that these flows are linearly stable at all Rayleigh numbers, ${\hbox{{\it Ra}}$, although the usual linear modal stability analysis cannot be performed. Below the critical Rayleigh number for energy stability of a Newtonian fluid, ${\hbox{{\it Ra}}}_E$, the Bingham fluid is also globally asymptotically stable. Above ${\hbox{{\it Ra}}}_E$, we provide stability bounds that are conditional on ${\hbox{{\it Ra}}}\,{-}\,{\hbox{\it Ra}}_E$, as well as on the Bingham number $B$, the Prandtl number $\hbox{\it Pr}$, and the magnitude of the initial perturbation. The stability characteristics therefore differ considerably from those for a Newtonian fluid. A second important way in which the yield stress affects the flow is that when the flow is asymptotically stable, the velocity perturbation decays to zero in a finite time. We are able to provide estimates for the stopping time for the various types of stability. A consequence of the finite time decay is that the temperature perturbation decays on two distinctly different time scales, i.e. before/after natural convection stops. The two decay time scales are clearly observed in our computational results. We are also able to determine approximate marginal stability parameters via computation, when in the conditional stability regime, although computation is not ideal for this purpose. When just above the marginal stability limits, perturbations grow into a self-sustained cellular motion that appears to resemble closely the Newtonian secondary motion, i.e. Rayleigh–Bénard cells. When stable, however, the decaying flow pattern is distinctly different to that of a Newtonian perturbation. As $t\rightarrow\infty$, a stable Newtonian perturbation decays exponentially and asymptotically resembles the least stable eigenfunction of the linearized problem. By contrast, as $t$ approaches its stopping value, the Bingham fluid is characterized by growth of a slowly rotating (almost) unyielded core within each convection cell, with fully yielded fluid contained in a progressively narrow layer surrounding the core. Finally, preliminary analyses and remarks are made concerning extension of our results to inclined channels, stability of three-dimensional flows and the inclusion of residual stresses in the analysis.
Orthonormal bases of compactly supported wavelets II: variations on a theme

Several variations are given on the construction of orthonormal bases of wavelets with compact support. They have, respectively, more symmetry, more regularity, or more vanishing moments for the scaling function than the examples constructed in Daubechies [Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 41 (1988), pp. 909–996].
Sampling Errors in Ensemble Kalman Filtering. Part I: Theory

Abstract This paper discusses the quality of the analysis given by the ensemble Kalman filter in a perfect model context when ensemble sizes are limited. The overall goal is to improve the theoretical understanding of the problem of systematic errors in the analysis variance due to the limited size of the ensemble, as well as the potential of the so-called double-ensemble Kalman filter, covariance inflation, and randomly perturbed analysis techniques to produce a stable analysis—that is to say, one not subject to filter divergence. This is achieved by expressing the error of the ensemble mean and the analysis error covariance matrix in terms of the sampling noise in the background error covariance matrix (owing to the finite ensemble estimation) and by comparing these errors for all methods. Theoretical predictions are confirmed with a simple scalar test case. In light of the analytical results obtained, the expression of the optimal covariance inflation factor is proposed in terms of the limited ensemble.
Ocean Model Response to Temperature Data Assimilation and Varying Surface Wind Stress: Intercomparisons and Implications for Climate Forecast

Abstract Two 11-yr Pacific Ocean simulations using an ocean general circulation model are compared with corresponding ocean analyses and with in situ observations from moorings and island tide gauges. The ocean simulations were forced by combining the climatological wind stress of Hellerman and Rosenstein with wind stress anomalies obtained from (a) The Florida State University surface wind analysis and (b) a two-member ensemble from an atmospheric model simulation. The ocean analyses were obtained by assimilating observed surface and subsurface temperatures into an ocean GCM, forced with the same wind stress anomaly fields used in the simulations. The difference in thermocline depth between simulation and analysis using the same wind stress forcing is large in the off-equatorial regions near the North Equatorial Counter Current trough and in the South Pacific, suggesting that the mean climatological stress fields may be in error. The simulation results using the atmospheric GCM stress anomalies failed to.
Promising Happiness in Light of International Advertising Standardization: Religiosity and Religious Priming Overshadow Cross-Cultural Factors

Advertising campaigns that explicitly claim that the advertised product can bring happiness to the consumer's life are often standardized across national markets. While it seems intuitive that most people want to be happy and might respond favorably to calls for happiness, the literature offers little to no evidence to support this common managerial practice. Through two studies conducted in cultural settings as different as the United Arab Emirates and the United States, this research shows that cross-cultural factors matter less than personal and situational factors such as religiosity and religious priming, respectively. Specifically, the author found that lower (higher) religiosity levels led to worse (better) ratings for happiness-based (vs. control) claims. Moreover, exposure to religious cues flipped the relationship between higher religiosity levels and liking for ads featuring happiness-based claims because of altered perceptions of the brand's control over the claim. This research sheds light on the interactive role of religiosity and religious priming on consumer response to standardized secular advertising.
Agarwood essential oil inhalation exerts antianxiety and antidepressant effects via the regulation of Glu/GABA system homeostasis

Depression and anxiety are common diseases that endanger the physical and mental health of individuals. Agarwood incense inhalation has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for relaxation and to improve sleep for centuries. In a previous study by the authors it was demonstrated that agarwood essential oil (AEO) injection exerted anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. Therefore the present study further investigated the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of AEO inhalation on anxiolytic mice induced by M-chlorophenylpiperazine and depressive mice induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress. The results demonstrated that AEO exerted a significant anxiolytic effect, whereby autonomous movements were inhibited during the light dark exploration test and open field test. Furthermore, the tail suspension test and the forced swimming test demonstrated that AEO also exerted an antidepressant effect, whereby the immobility times were decreased. Moreover, AEO was determined to increase the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor (GABAA) and glutamate (Glu) in anxiolytic mice and inhibit the levels of GABAA and Glu in depressive mice. Further investigations into how AEO affected the Glu/GABA system demonstrated that AEO markedly increased the protein expression levels of GABA transaminase (GABAT), glutamate metabotropic receptor 5 (GRM5), glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1 (GluR1) and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGluT1). Furthermore, AEO reduced the expression levels of GABAT, glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B and GRM5, and enhanced the expression levels of GluR1 and VGluT1. These results demonstrated that AEO potentially possesses antianxiety and antidepressant properties. The present study determined that the mechanism was related to the regulation of Glu/GABA neurotransmitter system homeostasis.
ATRIBUTOS DO RELEVO DERIVADOS DE MODELO DIGITAL DE ELEVAÇÃO E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM SOLOS

The present study approaches the relationships between soils and attributes of the landscape derived from a digital elevation model (DEM) in a area over the Guabirotuba Formation formed by alluvial and secondary deposits colluvial fans deposits. Starting from the digital elevation model we did derived six primary landscape attributes: elevation, slope, global solar radiation, plan and profile curvature. A secondary attribute, the topographical index of humidity (TIW) was also created. The eventual interactions between the geology and the derived attributes of DEM with the soil mapped in the area were evaluated. The results showed that combination of the geology and TWI data can explain occurrence of Gleyssols and Histosols. The major soils formations were located in the following conditions: Ferralsols - plan landscape with curvature plan and profile, divergent and convex; Cambisols - convergent/divergent and concave; and the association Gleysols and Histosols convergent/planar and flat. The high degree slopes facing south presented matiz betwen 7,5 YR - 10 YR, yellowish soil color. The Ferralsols class and soils with hydromorphic character were located in flat landscape while Cambisols were situated in the largest steepness. The highest positions which represented well preserved soil again loss, had predominantly Ferralsols. The Cambisols were situated in intermediate positions and in the lowest altitudes were found soils of character hydromorphic.
The Association Between Self-Reported Hearing Loss and Loss of Usual Source of Health Care Among Older Medicare Beneficiaries: Evidence From the National Health and Aging Trends Study

Abstract Background and Objectives The purpose of the study is to investigate the association of hearing loss (HL) with maintaining a usual source of care (USOC). Research Design and Methods In this study we implemented a time-to-event analysis using data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a nationally representative study of older Medicare beneficiaries in the United States. The study sample included 2 114 older adults, aged 65+ years, 58.9% female, 20.4% Black, who reported having a USOC during the baseline round of NHATS and who remained community-dwelling during the 2011–2018 study period. Based on self-report measures at baseline, individuals’ hearing status was classified into 3 categories: no HL, treated HL (hearing aids users), and untreated HL (nonhearing aid users who reported having hearing difficulties). Time-to-event was computed as the time elapsed between baseline and the study round in which the respondent first reported no longer having a USOC. Discrete-time proportional hazard models were estimated. Results In fully adjusted models, untreated HL at baseline was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) for losing one’s USOC 1.60 (95% confidence interval: 1.01, 2.56) times higher than that of participants with no HL. We found no HR differences between the treated- and no-HL group. Discussion and Implications Untreated HL at baseline was associated with a higher probability of losing one’s USOC over time. Noninvasive interventions such as hearing aids may be beneficial for maintaining a USOC.
A Possible Approach to Three-Dimensional Cosmic-Ray Propagation in the Galaxy. I. Stable Nuclei without Energy Change

We present an analytical solution of the three-dimensional cosmic-ray propagation in our Galaxy, adopting a more realistic structure of the Galaxy than conventional propagation studies. We assume that there is no boundary in both longitudinal distance r from the disk center and the latitudinal distance z from the Galactic plane and that the three critical parameters, the diffusion coefficient D, the gas density n, and the cosmic-ray source density Q, depend on r in the form of D(r) = D0 exp[r/rD + |z|/zD], n(r) = n0 exp[-(r/rn + |z|/zn)], and Q(r) = Q0 exp[-(r/rQ + |z|/zQ)], respectively. We derive analytically the path length distribution P(x) and its mean value , based on the present solution of the cosmic-ray density. Both simple exponential-type and the truncated-type distributions are reproduced by assuming three adequate scale heights, zD, zn, and zQ. Anisotropy amplitudes are also given on the basis of the present model and found to be compatible with the experimental data if we assume adequate scale heights, as well as the diffusion coefficient D0 at the Galactic center. We present empirical formulae for the fragmentation cross sections, reproducing well the accelerator data, with which we perform numerical calculations for several observables. We compare our numerical results with recent experimental data on the stable nuclei, particularly on the energy spectrum of primary components such as protons, helium nuclei, etc., and on the secondary-to-primary ratios such as B/C and sub-Fe/Fe. We find a good agreement between our calculations and experimental data by assuming an adequate set of the scale heights and the ratio of the diffusion coefficient to the gas density at the Galactic center, D0/n0, while we need additional data other than the stable nuclei in order to obtain unique numerical values for the parameters we have introduced.
Fuzzy Pressure Control: A Novel Approach to Optimizing Energy Efficiency in Series-Parallel Pumping Systems

Automation and control systems are constantly evolving, using artificial intelligence techniques to implement new forms of control, such as fuzzy control, with advantages over classic control strategies, especially in non-linear systems. Water supply networks are complex systems with different operating configurations, uninterrupted operation requirements, equalization capacity and pressure control in the supply networks, and high reliability. In this sense, this work aims to develop a fuzzy pressure control system for a supply system with three possible operating configurations: a single motor pump, two motor pumps in series, or two motor pumps in parallel. For each configuration, an energy efficiency analysis was carried out according to the demand profile established in this case study. In order to validate the proposed methodology, an experimental water supply system was used, located in the Laboratory of Energy Efficiency and Hydraulics in Sanitation at the Federal University of Paraiba (LENHS/UFPB).
The kinematics and structure of N49

The present investigation of N49, which is located in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), makes use of an analysis of optical emission-line profiles. Echelle spectrograph observations indicate the large-scale kinematic and structural properties of N49. It is found that this supernova remnant (SNR) is evolving in a clumpy interstellar medium (ISM), probably as many other remnants are. The very high resolution spectra of this remnant show three kinds of spectral feature, called broad bands, narrow bands, and spikes. It is shown that N49 can be regarded as the product of a supernova explosion in a heterogeneous interstellar medium. The heterogeneity is indicated in low-speed and high-speed systems of shocked material in N49.
Radon approach to shaped and apodized apertures for imaging exoplanets

In this paper, we present a new approach to the study of shaped and apodized apertures for the detection of exoplanets. It is based on a Radon transform of the telescope aperture and makes it possible to present the effects of shaped and apodized apertures in a unified manner for an objective comparison between them. An illustration of this approach is made for a few apertures. Our conclusion favors the apodized apertures. The approach also permits us to obtain new results. In a second part of the paper, we derive expressions for the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of an experiment using an apodized aperture and draw the corresponding curves for the example of a circular telescope apodized by a prolate spheroidal function. We found that a very marked improvement of the SNR can be obtained using apodization techniques. There is an apodization that optimizes the SNR for a given observation; this apodization is generally very strong. The analysis is made for the case of a perfect telescope operated in space.
Current and Future Landscape of Perioperative Treatment for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

Simple Summary The risk of recurrence of patients with localized muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (MIBC) is still high. The outcomes of surgery and perioperative therapy are limited, and several patients are not candidates for neoadjuvant chemotherapy and have no further alternatives available. In recent years, many drugs have been evaluated in the metastatic setting. This review summarizes the evidence of perioperative treatment with these new drugs for MIBC, emphasizing immunotherapy and targeted agents. Abstract Cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy is the current standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). However, less than half of patients are candidates for this treatment, and 50% will develop metastatic disease. Adjuvant chemotherapy could be offered if neoadjuvant treatment has not been administered for suitable patients. It is important to reduce the risk of systemic recurrence and improve the prognosis of localized MIBC. Systemic therapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma has evolved in recent years. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted agents, such as antibody-drug conjugates or FGFR inhibitors, are new therapeutic alternatives and have shown their benefit in advanced disease. Currently, several clinical trials are investigating the role of these drugs, as monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy, in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings with promising outcomes. In addition, the development of predictive biomarkers could predict responses to neoadjuvant therapies.
On an approximate solution for the bending of a beam of rectangular cross-section under any system of load, with special reference to points of concentrated or discontinuous loading

The paper investigates the elastic equilibrium of a long bar of rectangular cross-section in those cases where the problem may be treated as one of two dimensions, namely:— (a.) When the strain being in the plane of xy, the elastic solid extends indefinitely in the direction of the applied stresses over the bounding planes y = ±b, x = ±a being the same for any two sections parallel to the plane of xy. We then have a strictly two-dimensional strain.
Uniform asymptotic stability of non-linear singularly perturbed general and large-scale systems

New general advantageous criteria are established for uniform asymptotic stability of singularly perturbed general and large-scale systems possibly containing non-differentiable non-linearities, which often appear in control systems. For systems with multiple time scales caused by several small parameters, or for large-scale systems, an essential order reduction of aggregation matrices is achieved. The results are conceptually and numerically applied to the absolute stability analysis of singularly perturbed Lurie-Postnikov systems.
Predictors of patients’ acceptance of video consultation in general practice during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic applying the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to an increase in remote consultations in health care. This study aimed to assess the acceptance of video consultation as an alternative to face-to-face in-office visits in general practice (GP) and to investigate its drivers and barriers. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Germany during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic from December 2020 to April 2021. Participants were recruited among patients in 16 GP surgeries. Assessed were sociodemographic and medical data as well as information and communications technology related data. Acceptance of video consultation and its predictors were determined using a modified questionnaire based on a short version of the renowned unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model. Results In total, 371 participants were included in the data analysis. Acceptance of video consultation was moderate. A hierarchical regression revealed acceptance was significantly predicted by the PHQ-2, taking no regular medication, computer proficiency, knowledge about digital health care solutions, no prior use of video consultation, and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology predictors performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence. The extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model explained significantly more variance than the restricted unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model in acceptance of video consultation. Conclusions In this study computer proficiency, existing knowledge about digital health care solutions and depressive symptoms functioned as drivers to acceptance, no prior use of video consultation could be identified as a potential barrier. Patients with regular medication have been particularly receptive to video consultation. The study confirmed the validity of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model in determining acceptance of video consultation. Considering that there is growing demand and acceptance for different approaches to engage with health care providers, additional steps should be taken to establish video consultation as a genuine alternative.
The Wolf-Rayet Stars HD 4004 and HD 50896: Two of a Kind

We present the results of the analysis of 151 spectra of the Wolf-Rayet star HD 4004 (WR1) obtained in 1999 and in 2005. The line-profile variability is found to be periodic, with P = 7.684 days, and to have characteristics that are very similar to those of another variable WR star, HD 50896 (WR6). The similarities point toward a common physical phenomenon in both systems. Of the scenarios that can explain the observations, such as colliding winds in two stars with similar wind momenta and the ejection of streams or jets from two opposite locations on the stellar surface, the latter seems more likely due to the lack of observational evidence for a strong wind-bearing companion.
Near-Surface Characteristics of the Turbulence Structure during a Mountain-Wave Event

AbstractA case study of mountain-wave-induced turbulence observed during the Terrain-Induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX) in Owens Valley, California, is presented. During this case study, large spatial and temporal variability in aerosol backscatter associated with mountain-wave activity was observed in the valley atmosphere by an aerosol lidar. The corresponding along- and cross-valley turbulence structure was investigated using data collected by three 30-m flux towers equipped with six levels of ultrasonic anemometers. Time series of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) show higher levels of TKE on the sloping western part of the valley when compared with the valley center. The magnitude of the TKE is highly dependent on the averaging time on the western slope, however, indicating that mesoscale transport associated with mountain-wave activity is important here. Analysis of the TKE budget shows that in the central parts of the valley mechanical production of turbulence dominates and is balanced by turbulent diss.