Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Ararat Fiscal Strategy Model: A Structural Framework for Fiscal Policy Analysis in Armenia

This paper presents an overview of the Ararat Fiscal Strategy Model (AFSM), which is a structural, New-Keynesian, DSGE, small open economy model with a rich fiscal block that includes several expenditure and revenue instruments, and types of debt. The AFSM is now a formal part of the Ministry of Finance analytical toolkit to do macroeconomic fiscal policy scenario analysis, which feeds into policy discussions, budget planning, and the Medium-Term Expenditure Framework. The model was applied to assses the macroeconomic impact of the “first wave” of the Covid-19 pandemic on the Armenian economy, including the mitigating effects of policy responses. AFSM simulations revealed a potential severe impact in 2020, with declines in GDP and consumption of 12.9 and 11.7 percent, respectively, and a cumulative loss of GDP of 38 percent for the period 2020-2023. They also highlighted a significant fiscal outlook deterioration that would increase public debt-to-GDP ratios by 18.8 percentage points over 2020-23. The package of counter-cyclical fiscal measures of 3.6 percent of GDP, however, was estimated to cushion the 2020 GDP decline by almost 2 percentage points, as well as protect jobs. A second AFSM application related to the 2018 public investment under-execution showed the importance of improving the efficiency of public investment to have positive macroeconomic and fiscal effects. JEL Classification Numbers: E37, E47, E62, F34, O11.
Exact Solutions in Multidimensional Gravity and Cosmology III

Novel tripeptides having the following amino acid sequence H-Tyr-X-Gly-Y wherein: X is a chiral residue of a D-amino acid selected from the group consisting of D-alanine, D-leucine, D-isoleucine, D-valine, D-phenylalanine, D-tyrosine, D-tryptophan, D-serine, D-threonine, D-methionine, D-glutamic acid, D-glutamine, D-proline D-aspartic acid, D-asparagine, D-lysine, D-arginine and D-histidine; and Y is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, amino, loweralkylamino, diloweralkylamino and lower alkoxy; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; intermediates useful in making the novel compounds; and pharmaceutical compositions and methods employing the novel compounds.
The explicit jump immersed interface method and integral formulas

Li and LeVeque’s recent Immersed Interface Method, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. , 31, 1994, pp. 1019—1044, has been used on a multitude of problems ranging from Electrostatics to Traffic Flow. We give a summary of the different uses of the IIM, and proceed by connecting the IIM with analytic descriptions in the simplest cases. The well known discretization of the Dirichlet boundary condition for the Laplace equation for grid–aligned boundaries is shown to be a special case of the Explicit Jump Immersed Interface Method. For one-dimensional boundary value problems, Schur–complements for finite difference discretizations are pointwise discretizations of integral formulas, and fast solvers may be viewed as efficient evaluation of integral formulas. The analogy requires a discretization of the delta and dipole, which may occur even on the domain boundary.
Vascular Dysfunction Is Central to Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis in APOE e4 Carriers

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and the leading risk factor, after age, is possession of the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele (APOE4). Approximately 50% of AD patients carry one or two copies of APOE4 but the mechanisms by which it confers risk are still unknown. APOE4 carriers are reported to demonstrate changes in brain structure, cognition, and neuropathology, but findings have been inconsistent across studies. In the present study, we used multi-modal data to characterise the effects of APOE4 on the brain, to investigate whether AD pathology manifests differently in APOE4 carriers, and to determine if AD pathomechanisms are different between carriers and non-carriers. Brain structural differences in APOE4 carriers were characterised by applying machine learning to over 2000 brain MRI measurements from 33,384 non-demented UK biobank study participants. APOE4 carriers showed brain changes consistent with vascular dysfunction, such as reduced white matter integrity in posterior brain regions. The relationship between APOE4 and AD pathology was explored among the 1260 individuals from the Religious Orders Study and Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP). APOE4 status had a greater effect on amyloid than tau load, particularly amyloid in the posterior cortical regions. APOE status was also highly correlated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Bulk tissue brain transcriptomic data from ROSMAP and a similar dataset from the Mount Sinai Brain Bank showed that differentially expressed genes between the dementia and non-dementia groups were enriched for vascular-related processes (e.g., “angiogenesis”) in APOE4 carriers only. Immune-related transcripts were more strongly correlated with AD pathology in APOE4 carriers with some transcripts such as TREM2 and positively correlated with pathology severity in APOE4 carriers, but negatively in non-carriers. Overall, cumulative evidence from the largest neuroimaging, pathology, and transcriptomic studies available suggests that vascular dysfunction is key to the development of AD in APOE4 carriers. However, further studies are required to tease out non-APOE4-specific mechanisms.
Community Health Nursing in Iran: A Review of Challenges and Solutions (An Integrative Review)

Background and Objective In recent decades, nursing has witnessed many changes in Iran. Despite the numerous advances in nursing, the health system faces many challenges in community health nursing. This study aims to review the challenges in community health nursing in Iran and provide an evidence-based solution as well. Materials and Methods This article is an integrated review of the literature regarding the challenges in community health nursing published between 2000 and 2021 in the databases Scopus, Medline, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database (SID). After performing searches, 20 articles were selected and studied. Data analysis was done using Russell approach (2005). Findings The results of this study were summarized in 6 themes consisting of challenges in community health nursing education, practical challenges in community health nursing, policy-making challenges in community health nursing, management challenges in community health nursing, and infrastructural and cultural challenges. Solutions were also proposed to address each of the above issue. Conclusions The results of the study showed that diverse challenges exist in community health nursing in Iran, considering that community health nurses play an important role in providing primary health care and community-based care. In order to solve these challenges, the authors have some recommendations: modifying the structure of the health system with the aim of moving toward a community-oriented approach from a treatment-oriented one, developing laws to support community health nurses, creating an organizational chart for nurses at the community level, modifying nursing students' training through a community-based approach, and covering community-based services and care under insurance.
A Study on the Subjectivity of Parents Regarding “0th-Period Physical Education Class” of Middle Schools in Korea Using Q-Methodology

The current study examined parents’ subjective perception types and characteristics regarding the 0th-Period Physical Education Class of Middle School in Korea. The Q-methodology was applied, and the final 25 Q-Samples were selected through the composition of the 42 Q-population. Among Korean parents, 20 students who participated in “Physical Education Activities in Class 0” for more than one year were selected as P-Sample. Q-sorting was performed by the P-Sample. Data collected by Q-sorting were analyzed using the PQ method program version 2.35, with centroid factor analysis and varimax rotation. The finding pointed to four types, with a total explanatory variance of 63%. Type 1 (N = 7), and was named “urgent legal and institutional settlement of 0th-period physical education”. Type 2 (N = 4) has the theme of “beach-head for a vibrant school life”. Type 3 (N = 4) was named “enhancement of academic capability”. Type 4 (N = 4) was described as “strengthening physical and mental health”. Moreover, the consensus statements between each type were investigated in Q1 and Q2. These findings highlight the importance of the “0th-period physical education class” so the program could be expanded and institutionalized in Korea.
ORIFICE (Interventional Radiotherapy for Face Aesthetic Preservation) Study: Results of Interdisciplinary Assessment of Interstitial Interventional Radiotherapy (Brachytherapy) for Periorificial Face Cancer

(1) Background: Periorificial face cancer (PFC), defined as both squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) arising around the eyelids, the nose vestibule and the lips, has very high incidence rates worldwide. The aim of our retrospective analysis, focusing on local control (LC) and patients’ degree of satisfaction with the cosmetic outcome, is to present the results of a single institutional series of patients affected by PFC and treated by interventional radiotherapy (brachytherapy–IRT). (2) Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients affected by PFC who were treated at our Interventional Oncology Center (IOC) with interstitial IRT from 2012 to 2021 with doses and volumes specific for each subsite considered. (3) Results: We report the results of 40 patients affected by PFC and treated by HDR interstitial IRT. The median follow-up was 24 months. The actuarial 3-year LC was 94%. Regarding patients’ satisfaction, we found that 93% of patients were satisfied and only 7% of patients were not completely satisfied with the final cosmetic result. (4) Conclusions: Interstitial HDR IRT could be an effective therapeutic option providing adequate disease control and preventing potentially disfiguring surgical approaches. More numerous and standardized studies are warranted to confirm the available evidence.
Context is key: Maternal immune responses to pig allogeneic embryos

Successful establishment of pregnancy includes the achievement of a state of immune tolerance toward the embryos (and placenta), where the well‐coordinated maternal immune system is capable of recognizing conceptus antigens while maintaining maternal defense against pathogens. In physiological pregnancies, following natural mating or artificial insemination (AI), the maternal immune system is exposed to the presence of hemi‐allogeneic embryos, that is, embryos containing maternal self‐antigens and foreign antigens from the paternal side. In this scenario, the hemi‐allogeneic embryo is recognized by the mother, but the immune system is locally modified to facilitate embryo implantation and pregnancy progression. Pig allogeneic pregnancies (with embryos containing both paternal and maternal material foreign to the recipient female), occur during embryo transfer (ET), with conspicuously high rates of embryonic death. Mortality mainly occurs during the peri‐attachment phase, suggesting that immune responses to allogeneic embryos are more complex and less efficient, hindering the conceptuses to survive to term. Reaching a similar maternal tolerance as in conventional breeding would render ET successful. The present review critically summarizes mechanisms of maternal immune recognition of pregnancy and factors associated with impaired maternal immune response to the presence of allogeneic embryos in the porcine species.
Factors Involved in Removing the Non-Structural Protein of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus by Chloroform and Scale-Up Production of High-Purity Vaccine Antigens

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important and highly infectious viral disease, predominantly controlled by vaccination. The removal of non-structural proteins (NSPs) is very important in the process of FMD vaccine production, because vaccinated and naturally infected animals can be distinguished by the presence of NSP antibodies in the FMD serological surveillance. A previous study reported that 3AB protein, a representative of NSPs, was removed by chloroform treatment. Therefore, in this study, the causes of 3AB removal and factors affecting the effect of chloroform were investigated. As a result, the effectiveness of chloroform differed depending on the virus production medium and was eliminated by detergents. In addition, it was found that 3AB protein removal by chloroform is due to the transmembrane domain of the N-terminal region (59–76 amino acid domain). Further, industrial applicability was verified by applying the chloroform treatment process to scale-up FMD vaccine antigen production. A novel downstream process using ultrafiltration instead of polyethylene glycol precipitation for high-purity FMD vaccine antigen production was established. This result will contribute toward simplifying the conventional process of manufacturing FMD vaccine antigens and ultimately reducing the time and cost of vaccine production.
Effect of Entamopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi on the Larval Protein Patterns and Proteases Activity of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)

The Helicoverpa armigera is one of the most serious polyphagus pest of many economically important crops. Nomuraea rileyi is an effective entomopathogenic fungus for the control of H. armigera has several advantages over other synthetic insecticide. N. rileyi LC50 concentration of 1.97×106 spores/ml was applied to the 4 th larval instar of H. armigera to investigate their impacts on the total protein and protease activity of body homogenate. Moreover, qualitative analysis of proteins in healthy developmental stages of H. armigera larvae and in N. rileyi treated larvae was detected using SDS-PAGE. The present investigation reported that there was difference in SDS-protein bands of control untreated and treated groups. The SDS-PAGE analysis of total body homogenate demonstrated that the few of proteins get under regulated upon treatment with N. rileyi. The quantitative analysis of total protein content and proteolytic activity was done. The H. armigera larvae upon treatment with N. rileyi produced significant decrease (p<0.05) in the total protein content of larval body while the proteases activity increased (p<0.05) significantly in N. rileyi treated larvae than the control larvae. The data of present findings help to understand a part how N. rileyi be effective in controlling H. armigera.
Resistance Exercise for Improving Running Economy and Running Biomechanics and Decreasing Running-Related Injury Risk: A Narrative Review

It is well-accepted that at least a certain amount of resistance exercise (RE) is recommended for most endurance athletes. In this review, we aim to summarize the evidence regarding the effects of RE on running economy, running biomechanics, and running-related injury risk in endurance runners. The evidence robustly shows that lower limb RE is effective for improving running economy and performance, with a combination of strength and plyometric training being recommended to improve RE. Isometric training is also emerging as a possible alternative to implement during periods of high overall training load. Lower limb RE may change some aspects of joint kinematics during running; however, the evidence regarding the effects on kinetics is limited. Lower limb RE may help reduce running-related injury risk, but further evidence is needed.
Enhancing the aerodynamic performance of a Savonius wind turbine using Taguchi optimization method

ABSTRACT Savonius wind turbines are a type of vertical axis wind turbine. In this research, the effect of some design parameters such as blade type, overlap ratio, separation distance, and blade thickness on the aerodynamic performance of a two-bladed Savonius wind turbine with the rotor diameter of 0,3 m was investigated numerically by using a realizable k-epsilon turbulence model. Three different levels were selected for each parameter. Computational fluid dynamics analyses were performed using Fluent software and the Taguchi method was used for the optimization process. It was seen that a Savonius rotor with an elliptical blade that has a 2 mm thickness, a 0,15 overlap ratio, and a 7,5 mm separation distance shows the best aerodynamic performance. The difference between the aerodynamic performances of the base and the optimized rotor was found to be greater at higher tip speed ratios than at lower tip speed ratios. The power coefficient was raised by nearly 17,9% for a tip speed ratio = 0,8. The optimal tip speed ratio value was changed from 0,8 to 1,0, after the optimization process.
The Classroom Climate, Students’ Mathematics Achievement, Students’ Knowledge of Cognition and Regulation Cognition: A Mediation Analysis

The role of mathematics in development of the branches of science and technology is enormous. The literature reviews revealed among the factors that affect the achievement of students in mathematics subject are classroom climate, students’ knowledge of cognition and regulation cognition. Therefore, this study aims to determine the mediation effect of knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition on relationship between classroom climate (student cohesiveness, teacher support, involvement, investigation, task orientation, cooperation and equity) and students’ mathematics achievement. This study employed survey method involving a total of 326 form four students from five rural secondary schools located in five Divisions in Sabah via multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected using two questionnaires: 1) What is Happening in This Class? (WIHIC) and 2) Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) as well as mathematics form four achievement test. The data was analysed by using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) through Smart PLS version 3.2. 8 software. The findings indicated that knowledge of cognition mediates the relationships between classroom climate (investigation, task orientation and equity) and students’ mathematics achievement, while regulation cognition mediates the relationships between classroom climate (student cohesiveness, investigation and equity) and students’ mathematics achievement. Based on these findings, this study recommends that schools should endeavour to create a positive classroom climate focusing to improve student cohesiveness, task orientation, investigation and equity, as well as students’ knowledge of cognition and regulation cognition to increase students’ mathematics achievement. Pedagogical implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.
A novel 3D folded zigzag piezoelectric energy harvester; modeling and experiments

Cantilever geometries have been widely used for vibration energy harvesting applications due to their simple geometries, frequency tune-ability, and obtainability of their closed form analytical solutions. Recent studies have focused on overcoming some of the drawbacks for this configuration, which include low power density and natural frequencies much higher than those available in the environment. Some investigate two-dimensional geometries, such as a zigzag shaped design, meandering and elephant design. The previously researched designs offer a higher flexibility that allows for much smaller fundamental natural frequencies and improved power densities. The presented work extends this idea by offering a three-dimensional (3D) design called ‘folded zigzag’ that provides much better flexibility than the aforementioned units, and aids significantly with natural frequency requirements despite a small footprint. Compared to a planar design the proposed 3D design of the same footprint offers a much lower resonating frequency with increased flexibility, and also results in improved strain node pattern by avoiding torsion in the fundamental modes of its operation. This significantly eases the fabrication as avoids the charge cancellations when mounting continuous electrodes. Power densities for the proposed design are presented and compared to the flex geometry, a planar symmetric design, and experimental validations are made for the folded unit. The results show that the new design can produce higher power density per layer compared to the planar symmetric zigzag (flex geometry). This comparison is made while keeping all the system parameters the same for both units such as the footprint, dimensions, and tip mass per layer. Additionally, the simulation results show that increasing the number of stories or the distance between the consecutive stories for this design can help significantly with the reduction in the number of strain nodes in the fundamental modes. This as well helps with the electrode geometry due to avoiding the charge cancellation. Finally, it is shown that the presence of the strain nodes can be avoided for smaller footprints compared to the planar symmetric zigzag before the torsional modes become dominant.
Effect of Heterogeneous Field Conditions on Corn Seeding Depth Accuracy and Uniformity

Optimization of planter performance such as uniform seeding depth is required to maximize crop yield potential. Typically, seeding depth is manually adjusted prior to planting by selecting a row-unit depth and a row-unit downforce to ensure proper seed-soil contact. Once set, row-unit depth and downforce are usually not adjusted again for a field although soil conditions may vary. Optimization of planter performance requires automated adjustments of planter settings to varying soil conditions, but development of precision technologies with such capabilities requires a better understanding of soil-planter interactions. The objective of this study was to evaluate seeding depth response to varying soil conditions between and within fields and to discuss implications for development and implementation of active planting technologies. A 6-row John Deere MaxEmerge Plus planter equipped with heavy-duty downforce springs was used to plant corn ( L.) in central Alabama during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. Three depths (4.4, 7.0, and 9.5 cm) and three downforces (corresponding to an additional row-unit weight of 0.0, 1.1, and 1.8 kN) were selected to represent common practices. Depth and downforce were not readjusted between fields and growing seasons. Seeding depth was measured after emergence. Corn seeding depth significantly varied with heterogeneous soil conditions between and within fields and the planter failed to achieve uniform seeding depth across a field. Differences in corn seeding depth between fields and growing seasons were as high as 2.1 cm for a given depth and downforce combination. Corn seeding depth significantly co-varied with field elevation but not with volumetric soil water content. Seeding depth varied with elevation at a rate ranging from -0.1 cm/m to -0.6 cm/m. Seeding depth co-variation to field elevation account for some but not all site-specific seeding depth variability identified within each field trial. These findings provide a better understanding of site-specific seeding depth variability and issues to address for the development of site-specific planting technologies to control seeding depth accuracy and improve uniformity