Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visual detection and tracking with UAVs, following a mobile object

ABSTRACT Conception and development of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) capable of detecting, tracking and following a moving object with unknown dynamics is presented in this work, considering a human face as a case of study. Object detection is accomplished by a Haar cascade classifier. Once an object is detected, it is tracked with the help of a Kalman Filter (KF), and an estimation of the relative position with respect to the target is obtained. A linear controller is used to validate the proposed vision scheme and for regulating the aerial robot's position in order to keep a constant distance with respect to the mobile target, employing as well the extra available information from the embedded sensors. The proposed system was extensively tested in real-time experiments, through different conditions, using a commercial quadcopter connected via wireless to a ground station running under the Robot Operative System (ROS). The proposed overall strategy shows a good performance even under disadvantageous conditions as outdoor flight, being robust against illumination changes, image noise and the presence of other people in the scene. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Preheating and locked inflation: an analytic approach towards parametric resonance

We take an analytic approach towards the framework of parametric resonance and apply it on preheating and locked inflation. A two-scalar toy model is analytically solved for the λϕ2χ2 coupling for the homogenous modes. The effects of dynamic universe background and backreaction are taken into account. We show the average effect of parametric resonance to be that χ's amplitude doubles for each cycle of ϕ. Our framework partly solves the broad resonance for preheating scenario, showing two distinct stages of preheating and making the parameters of preheating analytically calculable. It is demonstrated for slowroll inflation models, preheating is terminated, if by backreaction, typically in the 5th e-fold. Under our framework, a possible inhomogeneity amplification effect is also found during preheating, which both may pose strong constraints on some inflationary models and may amplify tiny existing inhomogeneities to the desired scale. For demonstration, we show it rules out the backreaction end of preheating of the quadratic slowroll inflation model with mass m ∼ 10−6. For locked inflation, parametric resonance is found to be inhibited if ϕ has more than one real component.
Representations of quantum algebras and combinatorics of young tableaux

Introduction The Serre relations Kac-Moody Lie algebras Crystal bases of $U_v$-modules The tensor product of crystals Crystal bases of $U_v^-$ The canonical basis Existence and uniqueness (part I) Existence and uniqueness (part II) The Hayashi realization Description of the crystal graph of $V(\Lambda)$ An overview of the application to Hecke algebras The Hecke algebra of type $G(m,1,n)$ The proof of Theorem 12.5 Reference guide Bibliography Index.
Anisotropy vs chemical composition at ultra-high energies

This paper proposes and discusses a test of the chemical composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays that relies on the anisotropy patterns measured as a function of energy. In particular, we show that if one records an anisotropy signal produced by heavy nuclei of charge Z above an energy Ethr, one should record an even stronger (possibly much stronger) anisotropy at energies >Ethr/Z due to the proton component that is expected to be associated with the sources of the heavy nuclei. This conclusion remains robust with respect to the parameters characterizing the sources and it does not depend at all on the modelling of astrophysical magnetic fields. As a concrete example, we apply this test to the most recent data of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Assuming that the anisotropy reported above 55 EeV is not a statistical accident, and that no significant anisotropy has been observed at energies ≲10 EeV, we show that the apparent clustering toward Cen A cannot be attributed to heavy nuclei. Similar conclusions are drawn regarding the apparent excess correlation with nearby active galactic nuclei. We then discuss a robust lower bound to the magnetic luminosity that a source must possess in order to be able to accelerate particles of charge Z up to 100 EeV, LB ≳ 1045 Z−2 erg/s. Using this bound in conjunction with the above conclusions, we argue that the current PAO data does not support the model of cosmic ray origin in active radio-quiet or even radio-loud galaxies. Finally, we demonstrate that the apparent clustering in the direction of Cen A can be explained by the contribution of the last few gamma-ray bursts or magnetars in the host galaxy thanks to the scattering of the cosmic rays on the magnetized lobes.
Very light right-handed sneutrino dark matter in the NMSSM

Very light right-handed (RH) sneutrinos in the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model can be viable candidates for cold dark matter. We investigate the prospects for their direct detection, addressing their compatibility with the recent signal observed by the CoGeNT detector, and study the implications for Higgs phenomenology. We find that in order to reproduce the correct relic abundance very light RH sneutrinos can annihilate into either a fermion-antifermion pair, very light pseudoscalar Higgses or RH neutrinos. If the main annihilation channel is into fermions, we point out that RH sneutrinos could naturally account for the CoGeNT signal. Furthermore, the lightest Higgs has a very large invisible decay width, and in some cases the second-lightest Higgs too. On the other hand, if the RH sneutrino annihilates mostly into pseudoscalars or RH neutrinos the predictions for direct detection are below the current experimental sensitivities and satisfy the constraints set by CDMS and XENON. We also calculate the gamma ray flux from RH sneutrino annihilation in the Galactic centre, including as an interesting new possibility RH neutrinos in the final state. These are produced through a resonance with the Higgs and the resulting flux can exhibit a significant Breit-Wigner enhancement.
AMELIORATION OF CISPLATIN-INDUCED TOXICITY IN BLOOD DOMESTIC RABBIT'S BY SODIUM THIOSULFATE OR GINGER EXTRACT

Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent that is widely used to treat a variety of malignant tumors. A comparative studies were performed to assess the protective effects of sodium thiosulfate or ginger extract on cisplatin-induced toxicity in some blood hematological and biochemical parameters of twenty eight domestic rabbits. Animals were divide into four groups, the first was comprised 10 rabbits and given 1 ml saline intramuscularly and kept as a control. The second group (6 rabbits) received 5 doses of cisplatin at a dose of 5mg/kg b.wt. i. m. once/day, the third group (6 rabbits) received the previous dose of cisplatin plus sodium thiosulfate at a dose of 0.4gm/kg b.wt. i. m. once/day for 5 days, while the fourth (6 rabbits) given the same dose of cisplatin plus 100mg/ kg b.wt of ginger extract (given orally) once/day for 5 days. In the present study, sodium thiosulfate administration concomitantly with cisplatin reduced cisplatin-induced lesions in a significant manner. These finding suggest that sodium thiosulfate or ginger extract so effectively, reduces cisplatin-induced toxicity and there use concomitantly with cisplatin are highly recommended. It was found in this study that ginger extract more potent against cisplatin than sodium thiosulfate in many biochemical and hematological changes.
A nonlinear Kernel-based adaptive learning-by-examples method for robust NDT/NDE of conductive tubes

ABSTRACT In this work, the real-time non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT/NDE) of faulty conductive tubes from eddy current (EC) measurements is addressed and solved in a computationally efficient way by means of an innovative learning-by-examples (LBE) methodology. More specifically, the estimation of the descriptors of a defect embedded within the cylindrical structure under test (SUT) is yielded by combining a non-linear feature extraction technique with an adaptive sampling strategy able to uniformly explore the arising feature space. Predictions are then performed during the on-line testing phase by means of a support vector regression (SVR). Representative results from a numerical/experimental validation are reported to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach also in comparison with competitive state-of-the-art approaches.
Effects of the galactic magnetic field upon large scale anisotropies of extragalactic cosmic rays

The large scale pattern in the arrival directions of extragalactic cosmic rays that reach the Earth is different from that of the flux arriving to the halo of the Galaxy as a result of the propagation through the galactic magnetic field. Two different effects are relevant in this process: deflections of trajectories and (de)acceleration by the electric field component due to the galactic rotation. The deflection of the cosmic ray trajectories makes the flux intensity arriving to the halo from some direction to appear reaching the Earth from another direction. This applies to any intrinsic anisotropy in the extragalactic distribution or, even in the absence of intrinsic anisotropies, to the dipolar Compton-Getting anisotropy induced when the observer is moving with respect to the cosmic rays rest frame. For an observer moving with the solar system, cosmic rays traveling through far away regions of the Galaxy also experience an electric force coming from the relative motion (due to the rotation of the Galaxy) of the local system in which the field can be considered as being purely magnetic. This produces small changes in the particles momentum that can originate large scale anisotropies even for an isotropic extragalactic flux.
Ionization-excitation of H- and He by Compton scattering

We report calculations for exclusive ionization-excitation Compton cross sections, both total and differential in energy transfer, for n = 3-5 of the negative hydrogen ion and the helium atom. We find that, unlike the cross section for n = 1 and 2, the exclusive cross sections for n⩾3 are not very sensitive to atomic parameters such as geometric size and electron correlation. We discuss differences and similarities of the cross sections when different initial-state wavefunctions are used, and compare with the Compton cross section for collision of a photon with a free electron. Our calculations have been carried out for photon energies from 6 to 60 keV.
Large-k limit of multi-point propagators in the RG formalism

Renormalized versions of cosmological perturbation theory have been very successful in recent years in describing the evolution of structure formation in the weakly non-linear regime. The concept of multi-point propagators has been introduced as a tool to quantify the relation between the initial matter distribution and the final one and to push the validity of the approaches to smaller scales. We generalize the n-point propagators that have been considered until now to include a new class of multi-point propagators that are relevant in the framework of the renormalization group formalism. The large-k results obtained for this general class of multi-point propagators match the results obtained earlier both in the case of Gaussian and non-Gaussian initial conditions. We discuss how the large-k results can be used to improve on the accuracy of the calculations of the power spectrum and bispectrum in the presence of initial non-Gaussianities.
Estimation of the effect of hyperonic three-body forces on the maximum mass of neutron stars

A model based on a microscopic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach of hyperonic matter supplemented with additional simple phenomenological density-dependent contact terms is employed to estimate the effect of hyperonic three-body forces on the maximum mass of neutron stars. Our results show that although hyperonic three-body forces can reconcile the maximum mass of hyperonic stars with the current limit of 1.4–1.5M⊙, they are unable to provide the repulsion needed to make the maximum mass compatible with the observation of massive neutron stars, such as the recent measurements of the unusually high masses of the millisecond pulsars PSR J1614-2230 (1.97±0.04M⊙) and PSR J1903+0327 (1.667±0.021M⊙).
The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) Spectrographs

We describe the design and performance of the near-infrared (1.51–1.70 μm), fiber-fed, multi-object (300 fibers), high resolution (R = λ/Δλ ∼ 22,500) spectrograph built for the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE). APOGEE is a survey of ∼105 red giant stars that systematically sampled all Milky Way populations (bulge, disk, and halo) to study the Galaxy’s chemical and kinematical history. It was part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS-III) from 2011 to 2014 using the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at Apache Point Observatory, New Mexico. The APOGEE-2 survey is now using the spectrograph as part of SDSS-IV, as well as a second spectrograph, a close copy of the first, operating at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. Although several fiber-fed, multi-object, high resolution spectrographs have been built for visual wavelength spectroscopy, the APOGEE spectrograph is one of the first such instruments built for observations in the near-infrared. The instrument’s successful development was enabled by several key innovations, including a “gang connector” to allow simultaneous connections of 300 fibers; hermetically sealed feedthroughs to allow fibers to pass through the cryostat wall continuously; the first cryogenically deployed mosaic volume phase holographic grating; and a large refractive camera that includes mono-crystalline silicon and fused silica elements with diameters as large as ∼400 mm. This paper contains a comprehensive description of all aspects of the instrument including the fiber system, optics and opto-mechanics, detector arrays, mechanics and cryogenics, instrument control, calibration system, optical performance and stability, lessons learned, and design changes for the second instrument.
Estimate of the Cloud and Aerosol Effects on the Surface Radiative Flux Based on the Measurements and the Transfer Model Calculations. Part 1: Shortwave Forcing at Tateno, Japan

In order to estimate the annual surface shortwave forcing by clouds+aerosols and aerosols, the shortwave flux from pyrheliometer and pyranometer measurements, atmospheric profiles from the radiosonde measurements, and aerosol optical properties retrieved from sky radiometer measurements were integrated with high-accuracy transfer model calculations. Clear-sky flux was defined from transfer calculations for a pure Rayleigh-scattering atmosphere, with measured temperature and humidity profiles by radiosonde observations. Monthly variation of the clear-sky flux due to the temperature and water vapor variation was 10-30 W m -2 . Cloud+aerosol forcing was defined by the difference between the observed flux and the clear-sky flux (positive downward). The annual mean values of the cloud+aerosol surface shortwave forcing was estimated as -81 W m -2 , which corresponds to about 24 % of the insolation. The aerosol-sky flux is defined with the transfer calculation using the aerosol optical depth retrieved from the sky radiometer measurements. Aerosol forcing was obtained from the differences between the clear-sky flux and the aerosol-sky flux. The mean direct aerosol forcing for 1996, except for March and April, was estimated as -18 W m -2 , about 6 % of the insolation. We also performed a sensitivity study of the aerosol-sky flux by varying the weight fraction of soot in aerosols. Among the selected soot fraction, the best estimates were obtained as 10 % for January, February and July, 20 % for October through December, 5 % for May, June and August, and 0 % for September. These values are close to the measured seasonal variations of soot fraction in previous studies. Surface flux calculation with the retrieved aerosol size distributions performed no better than those with the LOWTRAN 7 urban model size distribution, especially in the summer months when the water vapor column amount was large. The necessity of further examination of retrieval methods of aerosol optical properties, using sky radiometer measurements, was suggested.
Compartmental analysis of cerebrospinal fluid transfer and absorption in simulated hydrocephalus

A mathematical model of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow dynamics found in hydrocephalic infants with myelomeningocele lesions was constructed using criteria obtained from analogous clinical situations where 125I-labelled and 131I-labelled ortho-iodo-benzoyl-amino-acetic acid (hippuran) had been employed to measure CSF flow dynamics. The quantitative results from this study allowed clinical data to be assessed and the importance of various CSF transfer mechanisms to be discussed. The mathematical model indicates that the majority of radiopharmaceutical passes from the cerebral reservoir (the ventricles) into the blood. Experimental evidence indicates that the principal mechanism responsible for this movement is the bulk flow of CSF between its sites of production in the choroid plexus and absorption by the arachnoid villi.
“GALAXY,” DEFINED

A growing number of low luminosity and low surface brightness astronomical objects challenge traditional notions of both galaxies and star clusters. To address this challenge, we propose a definition of galaxy that does not depend on a cold dark matter model of the universe: a galaxy is a gravitationally bound collection of stars whose properties cannot be explained by a combination of baryons and Newton's laws of gravity. After exploring several possible observational diagnostics of this definition, we critically examine the classification of ultra-faint dwarfs, globular clusters, ultra-compact dwarfs, and tidal dwarfs. While kinematic studies provide an effective diagnostic of the definition in many regimes, they can be less useful for compact or very faint systems. To explore the utility of using the [Fe/H] spread as a complementary diagnostic, we use published spectroscopic [Fe/H] measurements of 16 Milky Way dwarfs and 24 globular clusters to uniformly calculate their [Fe/H] spreads and associated uncertainties. Our principal results are (1) no known, old star cluster less luminous than MV = −10 has a significant (≳0.1 dex) spread in its iron abundance; (2) known ultra-faint dwarf galaxies can be unambiguously classified with a combination of kinematic and [Fe/H] observations; (3) the observed [Fe/H] spreads in massive (≳ 106 M☉) globular clusters do not necessarily imply that they are the stripped nuclei of dwarfs, nor a need for dark matter; and (4) if ultra-compact dwarf galaxies reside in dark matter halos akin to those of ultra-faint dwarfs of the same half-light radii, then they will show no clear dynamical signature of dark matter. We suggest several measurements that may assist the future classification of massive globular clusters, ultra-compact dwarfs, and ultra-faint galaxies. Our galaxy definition is designed to be independent of the details of current observations and models, while our proposed diagnostics can be refined or replaced as our understanding of the universe evolves.
Sports injuries in track and field: comparison between information obtained in medical records and reported morbidity inquires

To understand sports injuries is necessary to quantify and associate them with specific risks factors from sports. Although, formal records about sports injuries are rare overcoat in Brazilian track and field athletes where few clubs have health care service. This fact could not be a problem, because public health researchers adapt with epidemiological methods, like report inquires morbidity, to collect data. From this fault of control about sports injuries records and the facility to have information together athletes, the aim of this study was to collect inf ormation about sports injuries, reported by high performance athletes, going back until eight months and compare them with their records. Twenty-five athletes were analyzed (sixteen men and nine women), age 25.7 ± 4.4 (years), height 1.74 ± 0.10 (m), weight 70.4 ± 13.15 (kg) and time of practice 8.38 ± 4.06 (years). Two physiotherapists were trained separately to collect in
Short time behavior of logarithmic derivatives of the heat kernel

Let M be a compact, connected Riemannian manifold. Let pt{x->y) be the fundamental solution to Cauchy initial value problem for the heat equation ^ = ^ A^f w, where AM is the Levi-Civita Laplacian. The purpose of this note is to study the asymptotic behavior of logarithmic derivatives of logpt(' ,y) at x as t \ 0. In particular, we show that a dramatic change takes place when x is at the cut-locus of y.
Stereochemical configuration and selective excitation of the chiral molecule halothane

X-ray single-photon ionization and fragmentation of the chiral molecule halothane from a racemic mixture have been investigated using the cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy technique. Two important facets related to the core ionization of this species are examined: Firstly, the distinction of enantiomers (mirror isomers) and the determination of absolute configuration on a single-molecule level by four-body Coulomb explosion; secondly, the interplay of site-selective excitation and fragmentation patterns. These results are easily transferable to other molecular species and show the wealth of features that can be investigated by coincidence spectroscopy of chiral molecules.
Automatic beam angle selection in IMRT planning using genetic algorithm

The selection of suitable beam angles in external beam radiotherapy is at present generally based upon the experience of the human planner. The requirement to automatically select beam angles is particularly highlighted in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), in which a smaller number of modulated beams is hoped to be used, in comparison with conformal radiotherapy. It has been proved by many researchers that the selection of suitable beam angles is most valuable for a plan with a small number of beams (⩽5). In this paper an efficient method is presented to investigate how to improve the dose distributions by selecting suitable coplanar beam angles. In our automatic beam angle selection (ABAS) algorithm, the optimal coplanar beam angles correspond to the lowest objective function value of the dose distributions calculated using the intensity-modulated maps of this group of candidate beams. Due to the complexity of the problem and the large search space involved, the selection of beam angles and the optimization of intensity maps are treated as two separate processes and implemented iteratively. A genetic algorithm (GA) incorporated with an immunity operation is used to select suitable beam angles, and a conjugate gradient (CG) method is used to quickly optimize intensity maps for each selected beam combination based on a dose-based objective function. A pencil-beam-based three-dimensional (3D) full scatter convolution (FSC) algorithm is employed for the dose calculation. Two simulated cases with obvious optimal beam angles are used to verify the validity of the presented technique, and a more complicated case simulating a prostate tumour and two clinical cases are employed to test the efficiency of ABAS. The results show that ABAS is valid and efficient and can improve the dose distributions within a clinically acceptable computation time.
Quantum Algorithm for Generalized Deutsch-Jozsa Problem

Department of Mathematics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea(February 1, 2008)We generalize the Deutsch-Jozsa problem and present a quantum algorithm that can solve thegeneralized Deutsch-Jozsa problem by a single evaluation of a given function. We discuss the ini-tialization of an auxiliary register and present a generalized Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm that requiresno initialization of an auxiliary register.PACS numbers: 03.67. Lx, 03.65. Bz