Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Barycentric - Maclaurin Interpolation Method for Solving Volterra Integral Equations of the Second Kind

In this paper, the Lagrange functions of Lagrange interpolation are expanded into Maclaurin polynomials to improve the performance of an improved formula of the Barycentric Lagrange interpolation with uniformly spaced nodes and was used for solving Volterra integral equations of the second kind. For the implementation of this technique, the given data function, the kernel and the unknown function are approximated by the given improved formula to get interpolated polynomials of the same degree. Furthermore, the interpolate unknown function is represented by four matrices and is substituted twice into both sides of the considered integral equation, while the kernel is represented by five matrices. This enforcement provided the possibility to reduce the solution of the Volterra equation into an equivalent algebraic linear system in a matrix form. For showing the efficiency of this method four examples are solved. It turns out that, the obtained approximate solutions were equal to the exact ones. Moreover, it is noticed that a smaller number of nodes are applied if the given function and the kernel were algebraic functions and the upper bound of the integration domain variable was canceled. For non–algebraic given function and the kernel, the exact solutions were obtained by increasing the number of nodes and taking the upper bound of the integration domain equal to one, which ensures the accuracy and Authenticity of the presented method.
Protective Effect of Taurine on Thiopurine-Induced Testicular Atrophy in Male Albino Rats

Background: Though the use of Azapress (Azathioprine) in cancers and autoimmune diseases has proved therapeutic effectiveness in numerous prospective clinical trials, some cases of testicular toxicity has been reported, that were referred to the evolved oxidative stress and inflammatory milieu. Taurine (TAU) is an amino acid found abundantly in brain, heart, and reproductive organ cells and with reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits. Objective: The aim of the work was to investigate the protective effects of Taurine against Azapress-induced testicular dysfunction in male albino rats and unravel the contributing mechanisms. Material and methods: Forty adult male albino rats were allocated into four equal groups; (i) normal control rats (Control group), (ii) Azapress group (AZP, 1mg/day for four weeks); (iii) Taurine group(Tau; 100 mg/kg bw/day for 6 weeks), (iv) Taurine and AZP group). Results: AZP caused alterations in sperm parameters, increased DNA damage, and sex hormones disturbance. Moreover, significant decreased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and upregulated levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), as well as apoptotic markers; Bcl2 and caspase-9 expression it were evident in the testicular tissues. In contrast, taurine pretreatment significantly alleviated these toxic effects that were further evidenced histologically. Conclusion: Our data suggest that oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in AZP-induced destruction in the male reproductive system and that co-administration of taurine exerts a protective effect against AZP-induced male reproductive testicular atrophy. This could open new horizon to its usage as an add-on complementary approach to chemotherapy supportive care.
Truth, Lies, and Gossip

It is widely assumed that people will share inaccurate gossip for their own selfish purposes. This assumption, if true, presents a challenge to the growing body of work positing that gossip is a ready source of accurate reputational information and therefore is welfare improving. We tested this inaccuracy assumption by examining the frequency and form of spontaneous lies shared between gossiping members of networks playing a series of one-shot trust games (N = 320). We manipulated whether gossipers were or were not competing with each other. We showed that lies make up a sizeable minority of messages and are twice as frequent under gossiper competition. However, this had no discernible effect on trust levels. We attribute this to the findings that (a) gossip targets are insensitive to lies and (b) some lies are welfare enhancing. These findings suggest that lies need not prevent—and may help—gossip to serve reputational functions.
Utility of Volume Assessment Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: A Prospective Observational Study

Background Fluid overload prior to continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is an important prognostic factor. Thus, precise evaluation of fluid status is necessary to treat such patients. In this study, we investigated whether fluid assessment using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) can predict outcomes in critically ill patients requiring CRRT. Methods A prospective observational study was performed in patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit and who required CRRT. BIA was conducted before CRRT; then, the ratio of extracellular water to total body water (ECW/TBW) was derived to estimate volume status. Results A total of 31 patients treated with CRRT were included. There were 18 men (58.1%), and the median age was 67 years (interquartile range, 51 to 78 years). Fourteen patients (45.2%) died within 28 days after CRRT initiation. Patients were divided into 16 with ECW/TBW ≥0.41 and 15 with ECW/TBW <0.41. Survival rate within 28 days was different between the two groups (P = 0.044). Cox regression analysis revealed a relationship between ECW/TBW ≥0.41 and 28-day mortality, but it was not statistically significant (hazard ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 9.8; P = 0.061). Lastly, the area under the curve of ECW/TBW for 28-day mortality was analyzed. The area under the curve of ECW/TBW was 0.73 (95% confidence interval, 0.54 to 0.92), and this was significant (P = 0.037). Conclusions Fluid status can be assessed using BIA in critically ill patients requiring CRRT, and BIA can predict mortality. Further large trials are needed to confirm the usefulness of BIA in critically ill patients.
Prevalence and risk factors of anemia in under five-year-old children in children’s hospital

Background: Anemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development. This study is conducted to assess the proportion of children, aged between 6 months to 5 years having anemia and risk factors of iron deficiency anemia among selected children with anemia. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in 500 children between the age of 6 months to 5 years, who were admitted (in patients) to the Department of Pediatrics of Dr. BR Ambedkar Medical College, Bangalore, were selected and screened for anemia by hemoglobin estimation. This study was carried out from November 2012 to April 2014. Among those children with hemoglobin <11 g/dl, were screened for iron deficiency anemia (Serum ferritin estimation is done). Among these 500 children, 100 children with a hemoglobin level of 11 gm/dl and serum ferritin <12 μg/L were taken up for detailed study. All the collected data was tabulated and statically analysed by using appropriate methods Results: 77.8% of screened children were found to have anemia. In studied children 38% had mild anemia, 54% had moderate anemia and 8% had severe anemia. Male outnumbered than female in the ratio of 1.17:1. More than 50% presented with acute gastroenteritis.79% of anemic children had malnutrition. 24% of anemic children were low birth weight. Dimorphic anemia was common in 6months to 5 years age group. Mean hemoglobin level was 9.26. Mean ferritin, mean serum iron, TIBC, transferrin saturation was 7.23 μg/l, 52. 60μg/dl, 346.89mg/dl and 16.31% respectively Conclusions: The diet deficient in iron and other essential nutrients is the single most important cause of anemia in children of this age Diarrhea was the chief associated symptom in more than half the cases studied. Hence it is essential to make provision for safe drinking water and to improve sanitary facilities periodic deworming measure is advised, to reduce parasitic infestation which also contributes to the development of anemia.
A comparison of Bayesian to maximum likelihood estimation for latent growth models in the presence of a binary outcome

Latent growth models (LGMs) are an application of structural equation modeling and frequently used in developmental and clinical research to analyze change over time in longitudinal outcomes. Maximum likelihood (ML), the most common approach for estimating LGMs, can fail to converge or may produce biased estimates in complex LGMs especially in studies with modest samples. Bayesian estimation is a logical alternative to ML for LGMs, but there is a lack of research providing guidance on when Bayesian estimation may be preferable to ML or vice versa. This study compared the performance of Bayesian versus ML estimators for LGMs by evaluating their accuracy via Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. For the MC study, longitudinal data sets were generated and estimated using LGM via both ML and Bayesian estimation with three different priors, and parameter recovery across the two estimators was evaluated to determine their relative performance. The findings suggest that ML estimation is a reasonable choice for most LGMs, unless it fails to converge, which can occur with limiting data situations (i.e., just a few time points, no covariate or outcome, modest sample sizes). When models do not converge using ML, we recommend Bayesian estimation with one caveat that the influence of the priors on estimation may have to be carefully examined, per recent recommendations on Bayesian modeling for applied researchers.
Identification of green marketing strategies: perspective of a developing country

Green marketing is becoming a trend, and many companies have implemented it as a strategy for winning the market. However, attention to the importance of green marketing strategies has been relatively limited compared to its importance as a viable strategy, and this happens, particularly, in developing countries. As a result, the green marketing strategies of companies in developing countries are not yet fully recognized. So, this study is intended to explore marketing practices of the selected companies in Indonesia. The research is a case study of three selected companies producing herbal medical drinks, natural spa-related beauty products, and natural coloring fabric. They were selected for several reasons: producing of green products, conducting of green practices, and marketing the products abroad. In-depth interview of the owner or in-charged manager of each company was used to obtain the data about its marketing practices. The data were then classified into four Ps of marketing mix, and interrelationship concepts generated from the data were systematically identified using NVivo to get clear picture of their marketing strategy. The results indicated that the companies undertook only quasi green marketing: dealt with green product and conducted green practices but did not apply green pricing, green distribution, and green promotion. This brings implication for companies marketing a green product to take advantage by differentiating their product based on the green characteristics of the product. This study also contributes to knowledge about green marketing strategy in a developing economy that is still limited.
Obstetric Icu Admissions – A Clinical Audit

BACKGROUND : Care of critically ill parturients is a challenge in obstetrics. Complications may arise during pregnancy or in the postpartum period which can be life threatening and require intensive care. Though obstetric ICU admissions form a small proportion mortality among them is very high. Critical care management of obstetric patients in developing countries is fraught with the problem of poor health care delivery, late presentation of patients and paucity of ICUs. AIM: The objective of this prospective & descriptive study was to analyze the spectrum of obstetric I.C. U admissions, to identify the common antecedent causes,to analyze the treatment modalities & response ,to study the maternal and fetal outcomes.Study design :This is a prospective study done for 20 months in the department of OBGy –Narayana Medical college superspeciality hospital-a tertiary care centre.The inclusion criteria being all obstetric ICU admissions(booked and unbooked) were evaluated and analyzed. Statistical analysis : The data was entered in Microsoft excel and analyzed using SPSS software (statistical package for social science ver.10.0.5). Results:6.85% of total deliveries during the study period required ICU admissions. Among them our booked cases were only 11.3% and the rest 88.7% were unbooked cases. 92.5% of ICU admissions were antepartum,and only 7.5% were of postpartum status.The other parameters observed were age,parity, antecedent illness,socioeconomic &educational status ,distance travelled & time taken for ICU admission, therapeutic interventions including maternal & fetal outcomes.Conclusion: This study has shown that poverty, illiteracy, lack of awareness,improper antenatal care, non availability of skilled birth attendants, non-existent emergency obstetric care facilities within reach -being responsible for most of the obsteritic ICU admissions leading to maternal / perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Role of Ultrasonography in Evaluation of Rotator Cuff Muscle Injury

Background: The term “rotator cuff” referred to the four muscles supporting the humeral head originating from the scapular anterior and posterior aspects with their tendons inserted in the lesser and greater tuberosity. These muscles are the subscapularis; supraspinatus; infraspinatus and teres minor . Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of musculoskeletal ultrasound in the detection of rotator cuff injuries as compared to MRI as a gold standard technique.Patient and methods: This study included 30 patients presented to the radiology department of Sohag University, with shoulder pain for evaluation of the rotator cuff integrity. Ultrasonography and non-enhanced MRI were done to all patients by 2 different radiologists being blind to the results of the other examination to minimize the bias . The age of our cases had two peaks, one at the age of 50 and a smaller one at around the age of 30. Results: Mean age was 42.07years, with age ranged from 25 to 60 years.10 were males and 20 were females. In our study the sensitivity statistics of MSUS compared to MRI was as follows: sensitivity (96.6%); specificity (100%); positive predictive value (100%); negative predictive value (50%) and accuracy (98.3%). Conclusion: Ultrasound has comparable accuracy with MRI for identifying rotator cuff injuries. Ultrasound can be used as screening modality since it is easily available and cost effective.
Impact of justice in the supply chain relationship on implementing supply chain integration

This research investigates the impact of procedural, distributive, and interactional justice in supplier relationships on implementing supply chain integration. This paper attempts to explain how justice in a supply chain relationship, relationship commitment to suppliers, and supply chain socialization affect a firmâ€™s intention to implement supply chain integration. After collecting 254 survey responses from supply and purchasing managers in the manufacturing industry, data analysis is conducted using the partial least squares technique. Our research results indicate that relationship commitment to suppliers and supply chain socialization have a positive impact on justice in a supply chain relationship. Justice in a supply chain relationship and relationship commitment to suppliers positively affect intention to implement supply chain integration; however, supply chain socialization does not have a significant relationship with intention to implement supply chain integration. In addition, intention to implement supply chain integration leads to the actual behavior of implementing supply chain integration. Our research provides significant contributions to academia and industry by filling a gap in the literature and by offering meaningful insights for managers on the impact of justice in the supply chain and implementation of supply chain integration.
The Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) on Activities of Daily Living of Client with Cerebrovascular Accident

Introduction: Stroke is a significant event in the life of a patient and the disruptions cause many problems for the person’s performance and the changes in their lifestyle. Thus, considering the various aspects of stroke patients and its impact on the lives of these patients, this study was done to examine the effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) exercise on activities of daily living of stroke patients admitted to the martyr Beheshti hospital of Yasuj in 2016. Methods: This study is an interventional clinical trial. The study population for this study included 60 patients with stroke referring to martyr Beheshti hospital of Yasuj which lasted 4 months to 2 years from their illness. These patients were selected by random sampling, then assigned to two groups of 30 as control and intervention. Initially, the activities of daily living were assessed using the elderly activities of daily living (ADL) questionnaire. Then, the intervention group received proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) exercise. Immediately and one month after the last training session patients were evaluated in activities of daily living. Then, the collected data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software with 95% confidence level and P <0.05. Results: In this study, 60 patients with stroke participated in two groups of control and intervention (30 each). Based on the findings of this study, 34 (56.7%) of the samples were male and the remaining were female. The mean age of the samples was 72.1 ± 10.7 years (range 90-60 years). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of age, sex, marital status, education, occupation and other demographic variables (P> 0/05). The findings of the study showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in the pre and post intervention (immediately after the intervention and one month after the intervention) between the two groups of intervention and control in terms of the average scores of activities of daily living (P> 0/05). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise didn’t effect on the activities of daily living patients with stroke.
Coronary stent restenosis and the association with allergy to metal content of 316L stainless steel

Summary Background Most intra-coronary stents in use are made of 316 L stainless steel, which contains nickel, chromate and molybdenum. Whether inflammatory and allergic reactions to metals contribute to in-stent restenosis is still a matter of debate. Aim The aim of this study was to ascertain the relationship between metal allergy and the occurrence of in-stent restenosis. Methods Ninety-nine adult patients who underwent two cardiac catheterisations, up to two years apart, were included in the study. Seventy patients had patent stents at the second angiogram (patent stent group) and 29 were found to have in-stent restenosis (restenosis group). All patients underwent patch testing with the relevant metals and the 316L stainless steel plate. Results Twenty-eight (28.3%) patients were found to have an allergy to at least one metal. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of metal allergy between the patent stent group and the restenosis group (28.6 and 27.6%, respectively; p = 0.921). Conclusion Our data do not support the theory that contact allergy plays a role in the pathogenesis of in-stent restenosis.
ICT literacy of high school mathematics teacher: online learning competence with heutagogical approach

The purpose of this study is to determine the level of literacy of high school mathematics teachers. This research is a descriptive research that describes the literacy of high school mathematics teachers based on the analysis of questionnaires that are filled by teachers who come to the Center for Development and Empowerment of Mathematics Teachers and Education Personnel (CDEMTEP/PPPPTK Matematika) and teachers who access PPPPTK Matematika’s web, followed by high school mathematics teachers from various provinces in Indonesia. The research was conducted from May 5 to June 29, 2018. The results showed: (1) ability to use basic computer 55.07% good, and 44.93% moderate; (2) ability to create and use ICT-based learning media 7.97% good, 82.61% moderate, and 9.42% less; (3) ability to use Internet 39.13% good, and 60.87% moderate; and (4) the ability to use social media, the data obtained shows that five respondents did not answer. One respondent answered that they did not have social media. Most of the respondents have more than one social media. 52% of respondents who answered stated using WhatsApp. Ninety-three points two percent of respondents stated using Facebook. 52.27% of respondents use more than one social media.
Millets in eastern Sudan: an archaeobotanical study

ABSTRACT Charred botanical remains and plant impressions in pottery sherds and baked clay pieces recovered during survey and archaeological excavation mainly at Mahal Teglinos (Kassala, K-1), Sudan, were examined for botanical remains. Archaeobotanical analyses were undertaken on these and similar artefacts recovered during surveys of the same site and its surrounds (Kashim el-Girba and Shurab el-Gash). The studied samples yield evidence for plant use and cultivation of millets and the presence of different edible and non-edible plant species. This paper focuses primarily on the varieties of small seeded millets recovered from archaeological contexts. Previous archaeobotanical reports from the region lack detailed reports on the early history and agricultural value of small seeded millets, except for a focus on sorghum and pearl millet. The recovered millet varieties include Paspalum, Setaria, Brachiara, Echinochloa and Pennisetum. The identified taxa were both morphologically wild and cultivated. They date to between the mid-fourth millennium BC (Butana Group) and the mid-first millennium AD (Hagis Group). The results of the study indicate that alongside sorghum were small seeded millets likely used for human consumption and/or animal fodder in settlement contexts dating back to the mid-fourth millennium BC. Unlike previous reports on seed impressions and glumes, this study also relies on analysis of desiccated and charred small seeded millets.