Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ALLERGENS IN ALLERGIC RHINITIS

Allergic rhinitis disrupts the quality of life of a large segment of our population. Mostly it effects young individuals and can lead to considerable morbidity and complications. There were two main objectives of the study. To find out the allergens responsible for causing allergic rhinitis in the Armed forces personnel and their families residing in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. To determine the rate of positivity of the skin prick test in these selected patients. The study was carried on 200 cases in ENT department CMH Rawalpindi during March 2001 to March 2003. Patients were selected irrespective of sex, between the age brackets of 12-60 years. Patients presented with clinical features of allergic rhinitis were clinically examined and then skin prick test were carried out in AFIP Rawalpindi to find out the causative allergens. Common allergens on skin prick test were found to be house dust (72.6%), house dust mites (64%), mixed pollens (59.5%), grass pollens (46%), paper mulberry (21.5%), cannabis (13.5%) and moulds (20%). The rate of positivity of skin prick test was found to be 88% among the selected patients of allergic rhinitis. It is concluded that determination of causative allergens form the cornerstone in the management of allergic rhinitis. Based on these findings a patient can take preventive measures against the causative allergens and a physician can diagnose and treat the patients in a better way.
Diverse Jurassic Magmatic Arcs of the Colombian Andes: Constraints from Petrography, Geochronology, and Geochemistry

Citation: Rodríguez–García, G. , Correa–Martínez, A.M., Zapata–García, G. , Arango–Mejía, M.I. , Obando–Erazo, G. , Zapata–Villada, J.P. & Bermúdez, J.G. 2020. Diverse Jurassic magmatic arcs of the Colombian Andes: Constraints from petrography, geochronology, and geochemistry. In: Gómez, J. & Pinilla–Pachon, A.O. (editors), The Geology of Colombia, Volume 2 Mesozoic. Servicio Geológico Colombiano, Publicaciones Geológicas Especiales 36, p. 117–170. Bogotá. https://doi. org/10.32685/pub.esp.36.2019. 04 Published online 12 May 2020
Rigor-mortis progress of sardine and mackerel in association with ATP degradation and lactate accumulation

The progress of rigor-mortis was followed together with ATP degradation and lactate accumulation during storage at 0 and 10°C of sardine and mackerel spiked at the brain. Both sardine and mackerel showed rapid progress of rigor-mortis, attaining a full-rigor state at a few hours after death. Although rigor-mortis exhibited a large individual variation, its rate was apparently slower with samples stored at 10°C than with those stored at 0°C for both species. ATP and lactate concentrations in sardine muscle were relatively constant a few hours after death irrespective of the storage temperature, in contrast with rigor-mortis progress. Therefore, many sardine samples exhibited a high rate of rigor-mortis even when they maintained a high concentration of ATP, especially with those stored at 0°C. Mackerel gave rise to a more reasonable relationship between rigor-mortis progress and ATP degradation than did sardine. Correlation of ATP content with that of lactate did not markedly differ from each other between samples stored at 0 and 10°C and was calculated to be around r=-0.8 for both sardine and mackerel. It was noted that sardine and mackerel relaxed from a rigor-state at a few hours after spiking when stored at 10°C.
EFFECTS OF ADDING DIFFERENT DIETARY LEVELS OF GUAR MEAL ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKS

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of feeding various levels (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10%) of gaur meal to replace soybean meal in the five dietary treatments in starter (0 -11 d.), grower (12 – 22 d.) and finisher1 (23-35 d.) diets then all broiler chicks fed on finisher2 diet (36- 42 d., 0.0% guar meal) on broiler performance, carcass characteristics and economical evaluation. A total of 180 one day old broiler chicks of Hubbard breed were used for the experiment with 6 chicks per replicate and 6 replicates per treatments. Results indicated that adding guar meal at inclusion rates of 5% to practical broiler diets as a replacement of soybean meal up to 35 days of age then feds 0.0% guar meal diet up to 42 days of age, would have a positive effect on the cost of production and the economical efficiency of broiler chicks, without any adverse effect on productive performance or carcass traits of the broilers comparable to the control (0% gaur meal). On the other hand, chicks fed on above 5% gaur meal diets showed significantly decreased values of productive performance and reduction of the calculated economical efficiency percentages.
Scale and general laws of vegetation dynamics

In the recent theoretical proposal of S. T. A. Pickett and colleagues, a patch dynamic concept of secondary succession is used to develop general laws of vegetational change. While this proposal is an important step in the formalization of vegetation theory, its basis in secondary succession limits its applicability at larger spatial or temporal scales than those of single disturbance patches. We show that general theory must incorporate a more inclusive concept of environmental constraints on species behaviors than advanced in their proposal, as well as an expanded account of those behaviors. Our modifications of the original proposal allow its unrestricted applicability at all scales relevant to vegetation dynamics, and emphasize the fundamentally continuous, interactive nature of these dynamics.
Large Mammals Diversity Assessment in Chilalo-Galema National Park, Ethiopia

A study on the assessment of species diversity of large mammals was conducted in Chilalo Galema Mountain in east Arsi administrative zone from February 2019 to September 2019. The aim of this study was to assess large mammalian species diversity and human-wildlife conflict in Chilalo-Galema Mountain National Park. Line transects and observation methods were used to collect data. Twenty six transect lines were laid, varied in length from 1.41km to 4.34km. Transect width ranged from 200m to 400m. In this study both primary and secondary data were used. Direct observation, body parts, vocalization and indirect evidences such as footprints, burrowing and droppings were used to collect data on diversity of large mammals. Observation and direct count of animals were made during 6:00-10:00 a.m. in the morning and 3:00-6:00 p.m. in the late afternoon when most mammals were active. Species diversity of large mammals was calculated using the Shannon-Weaver index of diversity. The evenness of mammalian species was calculated as J=H’/H’max where H’max=ln(s). 28 species that belong to seven Orders (Primates, Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Hyracoidea, Tubulidentata, Rodentia and Lagomorpha) were identified and recorded during the study. Out of the 252 recorded mammals 26 (10.08%) were order primates, 50 (19.38%) were order carnivora, 1 (0.39%) were order hyracoidea, 6 (2.33%) were order tubulidentata, 164 (63.57%) were artiodactyla, 8 (3.10%) were rodentia and 2 (0.78%) were lagomorpha. Mammalian fauna of the Chilalo Galema Mountain was dominated by two groups of orders, the most abundant orders; namely, order artiodactyla and order carnivora, which contain 164 (63.57%) and 50 (19.38%) mammals respectively. The least abundant was order hyracoidean with 1 (0.39%) recorded mammal. So, Chilalo-Galema is rich in mammalian species diversity and needs conservation measures.
Developmental Anatomy of Trichomes in Lavandula pinnata L.

Developmental anatomy of trichomes(glandular hairs and non-glandular hairs) on the leaves and stems of Lanvandula pinnata was studied.It was shown that all trichomes are originated from the protodermal cells,but their structure,development and function are distinctly different.There are two types of glandular hairs,capitate glandular hairs and peltate glandular hairs,all of which are composed of a basal cell,a stalk cell and apical secretory cells.There are 1 or 2 secretory cells in a capitate glandular hair but 8 secretory cells in a peltate glandular hair.However,Non-glandular hairs consist of 3-20 cells,they can be divided into 3 kinds: uniseriate,two-branched,three-branched and more branched arborization.In non-glandular hairs,the apical cells become tapered.The glandular hairs are formed by second successive periclinal divisions of the initial cell,and because of the different meristematic state of the stalk cells and apical cells,they developed into two types,capitate and peltate.Non-glandular hairs are created from initial cells through second or more periclinal divisions and unequal divisions,then developed into several to about twenty sister cells.
Effects of ruminal administration of fresh or lyophilized rumen fluid on the adaptation of sheep to a high concentrate diet

反芻家畜において粗飼料主体給与から濃厚飼料多給へ急激に飼料を切り換えた場合,乳酸アシドーシス等のルーメン発酵異常が起こる. 本実験は濃厚飼料給与に適応した新鮮ルーメン液またはその凍結乾燥標品を飼料切換時めん羊のルーメン内に投与し,飼料摂取量およびルーメン発酵に対する影響を検討した. 粗飼料給与に適応しためん羊を2日間絶食した後,濃厚飼料を1日2時間だけ7日間給与した. 実験期間1日目および2日目の飼料給与直前に脱イオン水(対照区),濃厚飼料給与に適応した新鮮ルーメン液またはその凍結乾燥標品を含む溶液(600ml)をルーメン内に投与した. 1日目の飼料摂取量は区間に差異は認められなかったが,2日目から4日目の飼料摂取量は新鮮ルーメン液投与めん羊で対照区より多く,凍結乾燥標品投与区で著しく少なかった. 1日目の濃厚飼料給与後におけるルーメン液中乳酸濃度は,新鮮ルーメン液投与区でほとんど増加しなかったが対照区および凍結乾燥標品投与区で著しく増加した. この増加割合は標品投与区で大きかった,いずれの区でも2日目以降のルーメン液中乳酸濃度は低かった. 1日目のルーメン内VFA濃度は濃厚飼料給与後増加したが,その増加割合は新鮮ルーメン液投与区で大きく,標品投与区で著しく小さかった. 2日目以降のVFA濃度も同様の傾向を示した. これらのことから,濃厚飼料に適応したルーメン液の投与は急速な濃厚飼料への切換時の適応に対して効果を示すが,凍結乾燥標品の投与はむしろ乳酸産生を増加させてルーメン発酵異常をもたらすものと考えられる.
Effects of Fructooligosaccharide on Growth Performance and Intestinal Microflora and Morphology of Broiler Chicks

Four hundred and eighty avian broiler chicks were allotted to four groups by weight to study the effects of fructooligosaccharide(FOS) on growth performance, intestinal microflora and morphology. Every group included three replicate lots of forty birds each. The groups received the same basal diet supplemented with 0, 2 000, 4 000, 6 000 mg/kg FOS respectively during the period of 1 to 49 days posthatching. Compared with the control group, the results were as follows:(1) 4 000 mg/kg FOS increased ADG by 9.53%(P0.01) while 2 000 and 4 000 mg/kg FOS decreased F/G by 5.09%(P0.05) and 7.87%(P0.05). (2) 4 000 mg/kg FOS increased the viable counts of cecal Bifidobacteria and total anaerobes by 257.65%(P0.05) and 100.00%(P0.05), respectively and lowered the viable counts of Clostridia by 79.36%(P0.05). 2 000 and 4 000 mg/kg FOS increased the viable counts of Lactobacilli by 45.73%(P0.05) and 67.97%(P0.01),and reduced the viable counts of Colibacillus by 75.71%(P0.05) and 71.35%(P0.05), respectively. (3) Supplementation with 4 000 and 6 000 mg/kg FOS significantly increased the concentrations of cecal acetate, butyrate, and the total short-chain fatty acids by 23.25%(P0.05) and 26.08%(P0.05), 144.36%(P0.05) and 202.97%(P0.01), 47.08%(P0.01) and 58.31%(P0.01), respectively. Supplementation with 2 000, 4 000 and 6 000 mg/kg FOS significantly increased the concentration of colonic propionate by 45.27%(P0.05), 73.22%(P0.01) and 89.37(P0.01), respectively. (4) 4 000 and 6 000 mg/kg FOS increased the cecal muscosal crypt depth and the cecal muscosal cell density by 22.62%(P0.05) and 25.72%(P0.01), 19.28%(P0.05) and 23.07%(P0.05), respectively.
Use of tree stumps as roosts by the western long-eared bat

We report for the first time widespread use of loose bark on stumps in clearcuts as roosting sites by bats. We first discovered stump-roosting behaviour during the summer of 1993 when a radiotagged female western long-eared bat (Myotis evotis) roosted beneath loose bark on 4 separate stumps. During the summer of 1994 we searched for stump roosts in 11 south-facing clearcuts in the West Arm Demonstration Forest near Nelson, British Columbia. Nineteen roosts in 17 different stumps were located in 3 of the 11 clearcuts searched. Males and females accounted for 10 and 9 of the 19 roosts. Within clearcuts, bats selected large-diameter stumps, and tended to roost in southwest facing cavities. Temperatures of roost cavities were intermediate between those within randomly selected cavities and ambient temperatures. Temperatures within randomly selected cavities were significantly warmer than ambient temperatures, while those within roosts were not. Cavity temperature was related negatively to stump diameter, and cavities on the south side of stumps were relatively warm. We conclude that bats chose to roost in clearcuts to gain thermal benefits through increased exposure to sunlight and reflective heat, but within these clearcuts chose stumps that provided relatively cooler and more stable temperatures, presumably to avoid heat stress. Bats selected clearcuts with high proportions of uncluttered stumps, and stumps in clearcuts used by bats provided deeper cavities relatively far away from neighboring shrubs. Bats roosting in clearcuts may be subject to a trade-off between increased energetic savings and increased predation risk.
Evaluation of the ponderal development of Murrah buffalo calves submitted to different forms of breastfeeding

Buffaloes are versatile animals, since they allow the economic exploitation of their milk, meat and work production, besides adapting to tropical edaphoclimatic conditions. In the Southwest region of Sao Paulo, there is a predominance of milk production of buffaloes destined for dairy products specializing in the production of derivatives, especially mozzarella cheese. The present study was developed in a property located in the city of Alambari - SP, specialized in the production of milk of buffalo Murrah, with 21 animals born between March and May 2017. Buffalo calves were separated from mothers with 24 to 48 h of life and kept in an Argentine-type calf, so that they had free access to shade, water and ration during all the hours of the day, until the 90 days of age. The buffalo calves were divided into three treatments: 1) milk of buffaloes, succedaneum, water, and feed; 2) succedaneum, water and feed; and 3) milk of buffaloes in natura, water and feed (control). Exclusive breastfeeding with buffalo milk (control) resulted in weight gain of 640±43.1 g/day, treatment with milk + succedaneum gained 451±43.1 g/day, whereas the treatment that received succedaneum alone gained 381±39.0 g/day. The results obtained demonstrated that the weight gain of the control treatment has a statistically significant difference in relation to the other treatments. The use of commercial bovine substitutes as an integral substitute for buffalo milk for the buffalo calves Murrah demonstrated considerable weight gain.
Assessment of remineralization potential of Theobromine and Sodium Fluoride gels on Artificial Caries like lesions

Objective: To compare the remineralization potential of theobromine and sodium fluoride gels on artificial caries like lesion. Materials and Methods: Forty longitudinal halves of human mandibular premolars were equally divided into 4 groups of 10 samples each: control group (C), samples were stored in distilled water during the experiment period. The remaining 30 specimens were subjected to demineralization protocol to create caries like lesions. samples were immersed for three days in a demineralization solution (pH 5.0) containing 0.2% carbopol and 0.1% lactic acid saturated with calcium phosphate tribasic. The samples were subdivided into 3 equal groups according to the treatment applied during the pH cycle. Demineralization group “D”: no treatment applied. Group “F” treated with 2000 mg/liter sodium fluoride gel. Group “T” treated with 200 mg/liter theobromine gel. The specimens of the two studies groups were subjected to Demineralization- Remineralization PH Cycle Protocol for 5 days (Alternating four steps: 1: Treatment material, fluoride or theobromine ˜= 3 minutes. 2: Demineralizing solution 3 hours. 3: treatment material ˜= 3 minutes. 4: Remineralizing solution till the next cycle). The samples were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA). Results: The enamel of the demineralization group was porous with artificial caries like changes exposing the subsurface enamel rods with severe rod core defects. Theobromine gel and fluoride gel groups showed marked improvement in the surface characteristics in the enamel in both groups. Theobromine gel group showed more observable enamel surface improvement than the fluoride gel group. EDXA revealed that the calcium-phosphorus ratio displayed a descending order: (C > T > F > D). The differences between the two tested groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Theobromine gel had more effective remineralizing potential than fluoride gel as a result of its effect in improving the enamel surface characteristics of human teeth.KeywordsDental caries; Dental enamel, Ultrastructure; Hardness; Microscopy; Electron; Scanning; Sodium Fluoride, Therapeutic use; Theobromine/therapeutic use.
Compatibility of biological control agents with fungicides against root rot diseases of wheat

Root - rot diseases are considered the most serious diseases of wheat in Egypt, causing a considerable loss seed germination, plant stand and grain yield. The present study aims to evaluate the fungicidal activity of four chemical fungicides and two biological control agents. Four fungicides (i.e. triticonazole, carbendazim, carboxin + thiram and metalaxyl M + fludioxonil) and two biological control agents (i.e. Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis) were evaluated separately and their compatibility against two pathogenic fungi, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium graminearum that causing root rot diseases of wheat. The in vitro studies showed that the fungicidal activity of the tested fungicides against R. solani mycelial growth was descendingly arranged as follows; metalaxyl M + fludioxonil > carbendazim > triticonazole > carboxin + thiram, while it was metalaxyl M + fludioxonil > triticonazole > carbendazim > carboxin + thiram against F. graminearum mycelial growth. In greenhouse trials, the fungicides were applied at 1.5 and 3.0 g kg-1 seeds as seed treatment, while biological control agents were applied at 4.5 and 9.0 x 106 spores mL-1 water as soil treatment. The results showed that all the treatments significantly reduced disease incidence and increased emergence and plant stands and the biological control agents were the inferior treatments. Generally, the most effective treatments for controlling root rot diseases were metalaxyl M + fludioxonil followed by carbendazim, triticonazole, while the lowest were carboxin + thiram, B. subtilis and T. harzianum as compared with the control treatment. Moreover, the results concluded that the efficiency of T. harzianum and B. subtilis in controlling R. solani and F. graminearum was obviously enhanced by their compatibility with low rates of the tested fungicides. In conclusion, the biological strategy which used throughout integrated pest management could be improved by using fungicides at low rates.
Evaluation of Drinking and Irrigation Water Quality for Selected Physiochemical Parameters of Darra Pezu and its Neighbouring Areas of the District Lakki Marwat Pakistan

For the protection of human health, clean and safe drinking water supply is important. In connection with this, the drinking and irrigation water of village Darra Pezu and its neighboring areas of district Lakki Marwat, Pakistan was evaluated for different physical and chemical constraints including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), alkalinity, turbidity, hardness, total dissolved solids (TDS) and total suspended solids (TSS). The standard analytical procedures were adopted for the study of each of these parameter. The obtained results of each parameter were compared to the standard permissible limits given by the National Drinking Water Quality Standard (NDWQS) as well as World Health Organization (WHO) standards for drinking water and were found to be according to the safe limits prescribed by NDWQS and WHO except well water. The two well water samples of Wanda Sharbat and Wanda Gulmir have high pH, turbidity, EC, hardness, alkalinity, TDS, TSS values than that given by WHO and NDWQS. It is because the well water is open to atmosphere so due to which there is contamination by chemicals pollutants and high growth of algae. Overall, water from all the sources is reported irrigation while well water of the area is not fit for drinking and needs the government attention.
Growth and Production of Pakchoy Under Various Type of Organic Fertilizer

This study was conducted in Wiringpalenna village, Tempe sub-district of Wajo district, with the aim to determine the effect of the type of organic matter on the growth and production of pakchoy plants. The study was arranged based on a Randomized Block Design with five treatments namely: without organic matter, chicken manure, Blotong (Filter press mud), bokashi common water hyacinth, bokashi rice straw. The results showed that from variables tested; plant height, the number of leaves, the width of leaves, fresh weight of plants, fresh weight of plants per plot, and fresh weight per hectare, treatment with bokashi common water hyacinth obtained the best result
Diets of Two Sympatric Neotropical Salamanders, Bolitoglossa mexicana and B. rufescens, with Notes on Reproduction for B. rufescens

Life-history data were collected for the tropical salamanders Bolitoglossa rufescens and B. mexicana at a site in Veracruz, Mexico. Individuals of both species consumed a wide range of prey taxa, but ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) comprised a large proportion of the diets of both species. Niche breadth for B. rufescens was significantly narrower than B. mexicana, due, in part, to a stronger representation of ants in the diet (importance values for ants: B. rufescens = 0.480, B. mexicana = 0.343). We hypothesize that this difference in dietary breadth is due to differences in body size and, possibly, microhabitat; B. rufescens is smaller and strictly arboreal while the larger B. mexicana occupies both terrestrial and arboreal habitats. Diets also differed in size of prey; the larger species consumed significantly larger ant prey. Although there was substantial dietary overlap in terms of the taxa of prey consumed, niche separation based on size of prey may be important for these two species. Due to relatively low numbers of B. mexicana in the sample, reproductive data were collected only for B. rufescens. Developing follicles were visible in all female B. rufescens, but only six out of the 16 females had enlarged ova (minimum SVL of a female with enlarged ova = 24 mm). Because only two of the remaining females were smaller than 24 mm, we infer that most of the "nongravid" females were sexually mature. Two out of 19 males in the sample were immature. Size sexual dimorphism is minimal for this species. The largest five individuals that were captured were females, but, overall, males and females were not significantly different in size.