Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trends in mortality due to violent causes in the overall population and among adolescents and young people in the americas

Se analiza la tendencia de la mortalidad por causas externas y grupo de causas en 15 paises, durante el periodo de 1979 a 1990. Se demuestra que en nueve paises (Argentina, Canada, Costa Rica, Chile, EE.UU. de Norteamerica, Mexico, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago y Venezuela) la tendencia de la mortalidad es descendiente en todos los grupos de edad estudiados y que en tres mas, sea para la poblacion general (Uruguay), sea para el grupo de 10 a 24 anos (Panama y Puerto Rico), se observa tambien una tendencia decreciente. Solo tres paises (Brasil, Colombia y Cuba) muestran tendencias francamente crecientes de su mortalidad en todos los grupos de edad, mientras en otros dos (Panama y Puerto Rico), tales movimientos se aprecian en la poblacion en general y en uno (Uruguay), afectan solo al grupo de 10 a 24 anos de edad. La mortalidad por causas externas segun grupo de edad se concentra frecuentemente en el grupo de los adolescentes y jovenes y las tendencias de la mortalidad por sexo, aunque predomine en el sexo masculino, las diferencias tienden a disminuir. Segun la magnitud de la mortalidad por causas externas se configuran tres grupos de paises, de acuerdo a las tasas alcanzadas por este indicador: paises de elevada mortalidad (Colombia, Cuba, Chile, Mexico y Suriname); paises de nivel intermedio (Brasil, Canada, EE.UU. de Norteamerica, Puerto Rico y Venezuela); y paises de moderada mortalidad (Argentina, Costa Rica, Panama, Trinidad & Tobago y Uruguay). En relacion a los grupos de causas externas resulta evidente que, a pesar de sus tendencias decrecientes, la mortalidad por accidentes de trafico continua siendo un grave problema en Brasil, Canada, EE.UU. y Venezuela. La mortalidad por suicidio sigue siendo motivo de preocupacion en Canada, EE.UU. , Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago, Argentina y Uruguay. En relacion a la mortalidad por homicidio, esta es particularmente alarmante en Brasil, Colombia, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico y Venezuela, especialmente por sus expresiones entre los adolescentes y jovenes. En relacion al comportamiento global de los tres grupos de causas externas (accidentes de trafico, suicidio y homicidio) se observa claramente que el unico que muestra tendencias inequivocas al descenso en la mayoria de los paises de la Region de las Americas es el de los accidentes de trafico, mientras que la mortalidad provocada por homicidio y suicidio en algunos tienden al aumento, afectando de manera muy preocupante a los adolescentes y jovenes y, en particular, al grupo de 15 a 19 anos de edad. El trabajo tambien propone cual deberia ser el papel del sector salud en la prevencion de la mortalidad debida a causas violentas.
A lens-mapping framework for understanding the encoding and decoding of interpersonal dispositions in nonverbal behavior.

Recent reviewers have concluded that dispositions are not very reliably encoded in nonverbal behavior, although observers seem eager to use nonverbal information to decode the dispositions of others. A modified Brunswik lens model (E. Brunswik, 1956) and behavior mapping were used to examine the encoding and decoding of 8 interpersonal dispositions from nonverbal cues. First, 20 triads completed self-assessments and were videotaped during conversation. Next, 38 of their nonverbal behaviors were independently scored. Finally, 21 unacquainted peers rated all 60 conversers on the same dispositions. Across the 8 dispositions, encoding multiple correlations ranged from 0 to.62 and decoding ranged from . 74 to . 82. Achievement (self-other correlations) ranged from . 18 to . 45. Some implications of the results for interpersonal conflict and personality assessment are discussed.
Hypothesis generation and confidence in judgment

Ss asked to generate their own hypotheses expressed less confidence that they were true than did other Ss who were presented with the same hypotheses for evaluation. This finding holds across domains varying from prediction and social inference to general knowledge questions. Furthermore, Ss who generated their own hypotheses appeared to be more sensitive to their accuracy than were Ss who evaluated the hypotheses. The results are interpreted as evidence that the hypothesis generation task leads Ss to consider more alternative hypotheses than Ss who are asked to evaluate a prespecified hypothesis. This interpretation is supported by experiments demonstrating that the difference between generation and evaluation disappears if a closed set of alternatives is specified or if a delay is inserted between hypothesis generation and confidence assessment
Crisis Management

A well thought-out crisis plan can help management respond and control damage to the organization's reputation, financial condition, market share, and brand value. Everyone, from senior management to receptionists, will have a predetermined role to play in an anticipated crisis. A facility crisis-training program should familiarize employees with the plan, including deployment of resources, notification and protection of guests, communication with the media, and clean-up procedures. Portions of a sample crisis-management plan are included to help readers design their own plans, on their own or in conjunction with a crisis-management consultant.
Categorical distinctions in the study of personality disorder : implications for classification

This article discusses the historical underpinnings of psychiatric classification and examines empirical evidence relevant to (a) whether personality disorders are distinct from each other and from normal personality and (b) whether personality disorders should be classified separately from other mental disorders. At the phenotypic level, research evidence strongly supports the use of a dimensional model to delineate personality disorders; evidence about their genotypic representation is less conclusive though still supportive. Neither empirical nor rational arguments indicate strong justification for separating personality disorders from other mental disorders, as has been done in both the third and fourth editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Distinctions between abnormal and disordered personality are considered, and suggestions are made for more satisfactory diagnostic classificatory schemes.
Identification and characterization of a human herpesvirus 6 gene segment capable of transactivating the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat in an Sp1 binding site-dependent manner

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) is transactivated by various extracellular signals and viral cofactors that include human herpesviruses. These transactivators are capable of transactivating the HIV-1 LTR through the transactivation response element, NF-kappa B, or other regulatory binding elements. Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a potential cofactor of HIV-1. Here, we report that an HHV-6 gene segment, ZVH14, which can neoplastically transform NIH 3T3 and human keratinocytes, is capable of transactivating HIV-1 LTR chloramphenicol acetyltransferase constructs in an Sp1 binding site-dependent manner. Transactivation increased synergistically in the presence of multiple Sp1 sites and was dramatically reduced by cotransfection with oligomers designed to form triplex structures with HIV-1 LTR Sp1 binding sites. HIV-1 LTR NF-kappa B sites were not essential for ZVH14-mediated transactivation. A putative open reading frame in ZVH14, B115, which may encode a highly basic peptide consisting of 115 amino acid residues, showed transactivation capacity similar to that of ZVH14. This open reading frame also transactivated the HIV-1 LTR in an Sp1 site-dependent fashion in African green monkey kidney cells and human T cells. These data suggest that HHV-6 may stimulate HIV-1 replication via transactivation of Sp1 binding sites present in the HIV-1 promoter.
RENAL AND MYOPATHY LESIONS OF DIROFILARIA IMMITIS IN NATURAL INFECTED DOGS

Background Dirofilaria immitis has been increasingly recognized worldwide as inadvertent human pathogens. The epidemiological survey usual hosts of theses nematodes are domestic and wild carnivores. The disease is regarded as one of the most dangerous threat for the dog health. The adult worms take up residence in the heart, lungs and surrounding blood vessels. Objective This study attempts to shed the light on relationship between glomerular lesions and heart filarial (Dirofilaria immitis) infection. Methods Dirofilaria immitis was isolated from 98 dogs out of 457 dogs that were autopsied for the time between April 2008 and May 2010, in Al-Hindya area, Karbala province. Parameters concerning parasitological and pathological changes are used in this study to determine the significance of the results. Results Grossly many adult heartworms were found in the right ventricle of infected hearts and the cross section revealed body cavity, thick cuticle with coelomyarian and polymyarin muscle type, accompanied by infiltration of inflammatory cells mainly eosinophils and lymphocytes between muscle fibers. The microscopical changes in the kidney were necrotic and sloughing of epithelial cells, cystic dilation of collecting tubules of medulla containing hyaline casts, with glomeruli showing membranous nephropathy. Conclusions This is the first histological report of canine filariasis in Iraq particularly in Karbala province. It is important to keep in mind that pathologic changes in heartworm disease may be well advanced before the appearance of clinical signs of the disease. In heartworm disease the circulatory system is not the only system affected. The renal, hepatic & pulmonary systems can be secondarily affected. In our work the observations support the previous hypotheses of immature and possibly adult worms, contribute to the glomerulonephropathy. Key wards Canine heartworm, interstitial nephritis, membranous nephropathy. Introduction irofilaria immitis is a filarial nematode whose primary host is the dog. It is known as canine heartworm, can infect humans and cause a pulmonary lesion (human pulmonary dirofilariasis) that can easily be mistaken for a malignant tumor on imaging studies . The larvae injected by infected mosquito into the skin migrate through the muscles to the pulmonary blood vessels reaching the pulmonary arteries, where they continue to mature. Adult worms are found primarily in the pulmonary arteries, right side of the heart and in severe infections adult worm was found in the abdominal cavity of the dog during spaying . D Iraqi JMS Published by Al-Nahrain College of Medicine
Assessment of genetic variation in Bapedi sheep using microsatellite markers

This study was conducted to assess genetic variation in Bapedi sheep using 14 microsatellite markers. Blood samples were collected from 174 unrelated Bapedi sheep on six farms in various districts of Limpopo and from the Agricultural Research Council Animal Production Institute (ARC-API) in Gauteng. Genotypes from other South African indigenous sheep, namely Zulu (N = 14), Damara (N = 11), Dorper (N = 8), and Namaqua (N = 11), were included to represent reference populations. The effective number of alleles averaged 5.6 for across the Bapedi flocks and was 4.9 for the reference breeds. Among the Bapedi flocks, the observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.56 ± 0.05 to 0.69 ± 0.03 and expected heterozygosity (He) values were between 0.75 ± 0.04 and 0.88 ± 0.01. Thus, there is considerable genetic diversity within the Bapedi sheep populations. However, the fixation index was high, indicating the possibility of inbreeding becoming a problem for these flocks. A neighbour-joining tree was constructed from the estimates of Nei’s genetic distances among flocks. The presence of Bapedi sheep flocks on all of the main branches of the tree along with one of the reference breeds suggests the present-day Bapedi is not an entirely distinct breed and that there are genetic differences between flocks of these South African indigenous sheep. Sustainable breeding and conservation programmes are needed to control inbreeding and to foreclose possible genetic dilution of Bapedi sheep. Keywords: genetic diversity, germplasm conservation, inbreeding, indigenous sheep
Colonoscopy in Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria: A Four-Year Review

Background: Lower gastrointestinal complaints are common, and the underlying diseases varies widely. Colonoscopy is the gold standard investigation for lower gastrointestinal symptoms. It helps in the proper diagnosis and the appropriate management of the underlying lesions. Aim: To determine the characteristics of the patients undergoing colonoscopy in a rural community in southwestern Nigeria. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients who had colonoscopy between February 2016 and February 2020 (a period of 4 years). The Age, Gender, Indication and the Endoscopy findings were obtained from the Endoscopy Register. A total of 35 colonoscopies had been performed over the period. The data obtained was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Descriptive statistics used included frequency tables, means and standard deviations. Results: A total number of 35 colonoscopies were performed during the period under review, out of which 25 (71.4%) were males and 10 (28.6%) were females with a male to female ratio of 2.5 to 1. The age range of the patients was 35 to 86 years with a mean (±SD) of 62.6 (±15.07) and median of 63.0 years. The highest number of colonoscopies were performed on male individuals above 60 years of age. Symptoms of lower gastrointestinal bleeding (haematochezia/melaena) constitute the commonest indication for colonoscopy (25.7%), followed by a clinical suspicion of a rectal tumour 14.3% and documented abnormality on an imaging study 11.4%. The caecal intubation rate from this study is 88.6%. The commonest endoscopic abnormality detected from this study was Large bowel tumour (45.8%) with the following distribution: Rectosigmoid 14.3%, Sigmoid 11.4%, Rectum 8.6%, Ascending colon 8.6% and Caecal pole tumour 2.9%. The other abnormalities detected include Colon polyps 11.4%, Ulcerative colitis 5.7%, Haemorrhoids 5.7%, Rectal polyp 2.9% and Diverticulosis 2.9%. Normal colonoscopy findings were found in 31.4% of the patients. Conclusion: The commonest indication for colonoscopy in this study was lower gastrointestinal bleeding while the commonest endoscopic diagnosis was colorectal cancer. Colon cancers were the most commonly seen endoscopic abnormality in the patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding. From this study, large bowel tumours therefore were the commonest underlying gastrointestinal pathology of patients’ symptomatology necessitating colonoscopic evaluation. The findings from this study conducted in a rural community in Nigeria were similar to those conducted in urban communities in the country. Therefore, a national guideline on the endoscopic evaluation of lower gastrointestinal disorders can be universally applied irrespective of the location of practice in Nigeria.
Sensitivity Analysis in the Estimation of Mechanical Parameters of Engineering Rock Mass Based on the Hoek–Brown Criterion

Geological strength index (GSI), disturbance factor (D), material constant (mi), and uniaxial compressive strength (σci) of the intact rock are essential input parameters (IPs) of the Hoek–Brown (H − B) criterion. Mechanical parameters (MPs) of the engineering rock mass, including elastic modulus (E), cohesion (c), and internal friction angle (φ) estimated by the H–B criterion, and the predicted excavation response of surrounding rock, including the displacement and excavation damage zone (EDZ) based on the MPs, are of high relevance with the four IPs of the H–B criterion. In this paper, the deep and huge underground cavern excavated in basalt from a hydropower station under construction in the southwest of China is used to analyse the sensitivity of the IPs on theMPs, the displacement, and EDZ of the surrounding rockmass. Firstly, the H–B criterion is applied to estimate the MPs, among which the IPs are obtained from a series of in situ and laboratory tests, including borehole camera observation, wave velocity test, uniaxial and triaxial compression tests, and so on. Secondly, the sensitivity relationships between IPs, MPs, and prediction results of displacement and EDZ are established and described quantitatively by the sensitivity factor (si). Results show that theMPs of the rockmass are more sensitive to GSI and D · GSI and σci are high-sensitivity parameters affecting the displacement and EDZ. Finally, the variations in the estimated MPs and associated prediction results concerning excavation response, which are caused by the uncertainties in the determination of the IPs, are further quantified. ,is study provides a straightforward assessment for the variability of the rockmass parameters estimated by the H–B criterion. It also gives a valuable reference to similar geotechnical engineering for the determination of rock mass parameters in the preliminary design.
Loss Limits and Asymmetric Volatility∗

Leverage and volatility feedback effects have been recognized as major explanations for asymmetric volatility phenomenon. We suggest another trading-based explanation using a model of the global game. There, traders know that other traders are restricted by loss limits, but they are uncertain about the levels of other traders’ limits. Facing a downward sloping demand curve, traders behave pre-emptively: traders are more willing to sell when they expect other traders sales. When bad news about the true value of the asset arrive, the pre-emptive behavior amplifies its effect and the asset price falls further. Asymmetric volatility arises because the total sales from the pre-emptive behavior will be more uncertain after a negative shock than after a positive shock. Our model supports empirical evidence in the literature that trading activity explains volatility and shows how asymmetry arises.
The Expression of Epstein-Barr virus in Breast cancer in relation to age

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting females worldwide. The association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with this cancer is a longstanding interest to this field. Aim: to investigate the presence of EBV in breast tumor tissue in relation to age. Patients and Methods: Paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 45 female patients with breast tumors (ranged in age from 28 to 85 years) were retrieved. The cases were grouped into two categories: group (A): included 30 cases with breast carcinoma and group (B): included 15 cases with benign breast diseases as a control group . The expression of EBV protein was examined immunohistochemically. Results: Twelve (40%) of the 30 breast cancer cases (group A) were reported as positive for EBV expression and significantly higher in patients less than 40 years age (P= 0.026). Conclusion: the results of the current study might refer to the significance of EBV expression in breast tissue of young patients with breast cancer.
Prediction of Bead Width In Submerged ArcWelding of Low Carbon Steel (AISI 1005)

This paper used Taguchi technique to determine the optimal SAW parameters, an effort has been made to study the effect of SAW process parameters (current I , voltage V , speed S ) on the weld bead width ( W) of low carbon steel AISI 1005. S/N ratios are computed to determine the optimum parameters. Statistical model were checked by used multiply regression method; the adequacy and significance of the model were checked by using ANOVA technique. The model employed easily in form of executed program designed by using visual basic 6 software, the objective of designed program is to predict and control weld bead width, which enable to put in the desired weld parameters and select the weld bead width. Main and Interaction effects of the process parameters on bead width presented graphically. The experimental results were analyzed by using Minitab 16 software.
The development of the Atmospheric Measurements by Ultra-Light Spectrometer (AMULSE) greenhouse gas profiling system and application for satellite retrieval validation

Abstract. We report in this paper the development of an embedded ultralight spectrometer (<3 kg) based on tuneable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (with a sampling rate of 24 Hz) in the mid-infrared spectral region. This instrument is dedicated to in situ measurements of the vertical profile concentrations of three main greenhouse gases – carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and water vapour (H2O) – via standard weather and tethered balloons. The plug and play instrument is compact, robust, cost-effective, and autonomous. The instrument also has low power consumption and is non-intrusive. It was first calibrated during an in situ experiment on an ICOS (Integrated Carbon Observation System) site for several days, then used in two experiments with several balloon flights of up to 30 km altitude in the Reims region of France in 2017–2018 in collaboration with Météo-France CNRM (Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques). This paper shows the valuable interest of the data measured by the AMULSE (Atmospheric Measurements by Ultra-Light Spectrometer) instrument during the APOGEE (Atmospheric Profiles of Greenhouse Gases) measurement experiment, specifically for the vertical profiles of CO2 and CH4, measurements of which remain very sparse. We have carried out several experiments showing that the measured profiles have several applications: the validation of simulations of infrared satellite observations, evaluating the quality of chemical profiles from chemistry transport models (CTMs) and evaluating the quality of retrieved chemical profiles from the assimilation of infrared satellite observations. The results show that the simulations of infrared satellite observations from IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) and CrIS (Cross-track Infrared Sounder) instruments performed in operational mode for numerical weather prediction (NWP) by the radiative transfer model (RTM) RTTOV (Radiative Transfer for the TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder) are of good quality. We also show that the MOCAGE (Modèle de Chimie Atmosphérique de Grande Echelle) and CAMS (Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service) CTMs modelled ozone profiles fairly accurately and that the CAMS CTM represents the methane in the troposphere well compared to MOCAGE. Finally, the measured in situ ozone profiles allowed us to show the good quality of the retrieved ozone profiles by assimilating ozone-sensitive infrared spectral radiances from the IASI and CrIS.
The Twin Defect–Radio-diagnostic Notes from a Classic Case of Localized Aggressive Periodontitis

Brilliant Raphael1, Geon Pauly1, Roopashri Rajesh Kashyap2, Raghavendra Kini3, Prasanna Kumar Rao4 and Gowri P Bhandarkar2 1Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, AJ Institute of Dental Sciences, India 2Reader, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, AJ Institute of Dental Sciences, India 3Professor and Head, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, AJ Institute of Dental Sciences, India 4Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, AJ Institute of Dental Sciences, India 5Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, AJ Institute of Dental Sciences, India