Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring the soft x-ray quantum efficiency of a hybrid CMOS detector

Abstract. Next-generation x-ray observatories, such as the Lynx X-ray Observatory Mission Concept or other similar concepts in the coming decade, will require detectors with high quantum efficiency (QE) across the soft x-ray band to observe the faint objects that drive their mission science objectives. Hybrid CMOS detectors (HCDs), a form of active-pixel sensor, are promising candidates for use on these missions because of their fast read-out, low power consumption, and intrinsic radiation hardness. We present QE measurements of a Teledyne H2RG HCD, performed using a gas-flow proportional counter as a reference detector. We find that this detector achieves high QE across the soft x-ray band, with an effective QE of 94.6 ± 1.1 % at the Mn Kα / Kβ energies (5.90/6.49 keV), 98.3 ± 1.9 % at the Al Kα energy (1.49 keV), 85.6 ± 2.8 % at the O Kα energy (0.52 keV), and 61.3 ± 1.1 % at the C Kα energy (0.28 keV). These values are in good agreement with our model, based on the absorption of detector layers. We find similar results in a more restrictive analysis considering only high-quality events, with only somewhat reduced QE at lower energies.
Kap survey on role of magnification in dentistry

Background: The use of magnification devices in dentistry, not only enhances the quality of each procedure but in addition reduces the time for each procedure and improves the ergonomics of the practitioner. Various devices such as dental loupes and endoscopes are employed, which differ in their magnification based on the type of procedure conducted. Aim: The present study aims at determining the awareness of the different types, advantages, disadvantages and effects of magnification in dentistry. Materials and method: A self assessable survey consisting of 16 questions were prepared and circulated among 100 dental students and the results were analysed to determine the use and effects of magnification and magnification devices. Results and discussion: On analysing the results, it was found that different dental procedures require the use of different magnification devices and the advantages posed by these devices include reduced procedure time, improved posture and ergonomics of the dentist and enhanced quality and success of treatment regimes. The awareness among dental students was moderate and better knowledge on these aspects can improve the success of treatment procedures employed. Conclusion: The present study concludes that the awareness of the different magnification devices among dental students was moderate.
Experience of economic hardship and right-wing political orientation hinder climate concern among European young people

ABSTRACT While there is extensive literature about public concern about climate change, most studies rely on cross-sectional static data. Based on a unique panel survey conducted in nine European countries in 2018 and 2019, we make a rare investigation of factors that explain why some young people (age: 18–34 years) are, have become or have lost their concern about climate and environmental issues at times of widespread discussions about the climate emergency. The analysis tests argument about the importance of individual-level factors such as values and political orientations and consider the role of cross-national variations, the experience of extreme weather events and youth-led climate strikes. Our results support prior studies as we find that young people with libertarian rather than authoritarian values, with more positive views towards immigration and redistribution policies, tend to be more concerned about climate change and the environment. We find little effect of contextual factors. Young people who have experienced economic hardship and have a right-wing political orientation are less likely to become concerned for climate and environmental issues. Socio-economic conditions, values and political orientations are crucial to understanding climate concern among young Europeans, affecting youth climate engagement at times of increasing inequalities and polarization.
Microbiological Assessment of Irrigation Water That Serves as Watershed for Wastewater in Osogbo and Its Impact on Fresh Vegetables

This study was designed to investigate the microbiological safety of irrigation water along with waste effluents and their impact on vegetables. Irrigation water samples situated amongst hospital, abattoir and petrol station were aseptically collected with fresh vegetables simultaneously. Physicochemical, microbiological and molecular studies were carried out using standard methods. The result of the physicochemical analysis shows that the irrigation water samples temperature ranged from 23.4-24.8oC while the pH ranged from 7.24-7.51. The bacterial count of isolates showed that the water samples were highly contaminated with microbial count ranging from 9×102 to 151×104cfu/ml which has exceeded the WHO microbial count recommendation for potable water (10×103cfu/ml). Organisms isolated from both water and vegetable samples were all pathogenic. Antimicrobial susceptibility test results showed that all the isolates were susceptible to cefepime and oxacillin while 60% of the isolates were multidrug resistant. Aeromonas taiwanensis was recovered from both the water and vegetable samples. This however calls for huge attention as Aeromonas species are potential pathogenic organisms that can be isolated from both clinical and polluted environmental samples such as wounds, petrol and abattoir litters. Therefore, it can be concluded that wastewater effluents should not be channeled directly into surface water bodies without prior safety treatments.
Secretome of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Consecutive Hypoxic Cultures Promotes Resolution of Lung Inflammation by Reprogramming Anti-Inflammatory Macrophages

The secretome from hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to promote resolution of inflammation and alleviate acute lung injury (ALI) through its immunomodulatory function. However, the effects of consecutive hypoxic culture on immunomodulatory function of the MSCs secretome are largely unclarified. Here, we intend to investigate the effects of consecutive hypoxia on therapeutic efficacy of conditioned medium derived from MSCs (MSCs-CM) in alleviating ALI. Human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) were consecutively cultured in 21% O2 (Nor-MSCs) or in 1% O2 (Hypo-MSCs) from passage 0. Their conditioned medium (Nor-CM and Hypo-CM respectively) was collected and administered into ALI models. Our findings confirmed that Hypo-MSCs exhibited increased proliferation ability and decreased cell senescence compared with Nor-MSCs. Consecutive hypoxia promoted UC-MSCs to secrete immunomodulatory cytokines, such as insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1), IL10, TNFα-stimulated gene 6(TSG6), TGFβ, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Both Nor-CM and Hypo-CM could effectively limit lung inflammation, promote efferocytosis and modulate anti-inflammatory polarization of lung macrophages in ALI models. Moreover, the effects of Hypo-CM were more potent than Nor-CM. Taken together, our findings indicate that consecutive hypoxic cultures could not only promote both proliferation and quality of UC-MSCs, but also enhance the therapeutic efficacy of their secretome in mitigating lung inflammation by promoting efferocytosis and anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages.
Dynamic assessment of the long-span cable-stayed bridge and traffic system subjected to multiple hazards

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . iv DEDICATION . vi TABLE OF CONTENTS . vii LIST OF TABLES . x LIST OF FIGURES . xi CHAPTER 1 Introduction . 1 1.1 Motivation of the dissertation research . 1 1.2 Scientific context . 2 1.3 State of the art of the research on LSCSBs under dynamic loadings . 8 1.4 Limitations on the dynamic analysis of LSCSBs subjected to multiple dynamic loadings . 17 1.5 Significance and contributions of the dissertation research . 21 1.6 Organization of the dissertation . 25 CHAPTER 2 Dynamic simulation of long-span bridge-traffic system subjected to combined service and extreme loads . 29 2.1 Introduction . 29 2.2 Modeling of the long-span bridge and the road vehicles . 29 2.3 Simulation of major service and extreme loads for the bridge-traffic system . 33 2.4 Fully-coupled bridge-traffic dynamic analytical model . 40 2.5 Numerical example . 45 2.6 Conclusions . 68 CHAPTER 3 A hybrid simulation strategy for the dynamic assessment of long-span bridges and moving traffic subjected to seismic excitations . 71 3.1 Introduction . 71 3.2 EMTL-FE approach for nonlinear seismic analysis . 73 3.3 Numerical demonstration . 79 3.4 Conclusions . 97 CHAPTER 4 Time-progressive dynamic assessment of abrupt cable breakage events on cable-stayed bridges 98 4.1 Introduction . 98 4.2 Nonlinear dynamic simulation methodology with stochastic traffic loads . 100 4.3 Numerical example and discussions . 108 4.4 Response envelope analysis . 123
School-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in an Inclusion Model for an Adolescent with Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Case Study

The goal of the current case study was to illustrate evidence-based cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) for an adolescent female with comorbid major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, suicidal ideations, and a history of multiple involuntary hospitalizations. Multimodal assessment of the child’s symptoms was conducted, including parent, teacher, and child self-report, academic data, and hospital records to inform case conceptualization. Treatment included a combination of psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, positive self-talk, relaxation skills, and the support of a school-based personal aide. Significant improvements with inattentive, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were reported, with gains being maintained at 1 year follow-up. In addition to a reduction of reported psychosocial problems, treatment benefits also included a decrease in classroom disruptions, improvement in academic performance, and withdrawal of paraprofessional support at school. This study illustrates the use of school-based CBT strategies coupled with additional focused Tier 4 behavior supports as an efficacious treatment for youth with significant comorbidity.
Linear stability analysis of nonisothermal glass fiber drawing

The draw resonance effect appears in ﬁber drawing processes when the draw ratio, deﬁned as the ratio between the take-up and the inlet velocities, exceeds a critical value. In many cases, inertia, gravity, and surface tension cannot be neglected, and a model combining all these effects is necessary in order to correctly describe the physics of the phenomenon. Additionally, it is also known that cooling can have a highly stabilizing effect on the draw resonance instability. However, a detailed analysis encompassing the effect of inertia, gravity, surface tension, and temperature is still lacking. Due to a destabilizing effect induced by geometry in the heat equation, we ﬁrst show that the maximum critical draw ratio for ﬁber drawing can be two orders of magnitude lower than the one for the ﬁlm casting problem when the heat transfer coefﬁcient is assumed constant. By introducing a scaling making the ﬁber aspect ratio an independent parameter, we next show that the high value of the critical draw ratio encountered in industrial applications could be rationalized only if we consider that the heat transfer coefﬁcient is not constant but depends on both the velocity and the cross-section area of the ﬁber. Within this framework, we show how the practical stability window is affected by the ﬁve control parameters: the draw ratio, the ﬁber aspect ratio, the inlet temperature, the convective heat transfer coefﬁcient, and the stiffness of the non-homogeneous ambient temperature. We ﬁnally discuss the inﬂuence of radiative heat transfer on the stability.
(Re)shaping online narratives: when bots promote the message of President Trump during his first impeachment

Influencing and framing debates on Twitter provides power to shape public opinion. Bots have become essential tools of ‘computational propaganda’ on social media such as Twitter, often contributing to a large fraction of the tweets regarding political events such as elections. Although analyses have been conducted regarding the first impeachment of former president Donald Trump, they have been focused on either a manual examination of relatively few tweets to emphasize rhetoric, or the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) of a much larger corpus with respect to common metrics such as sentiment. In this paper, we complement existing analyses by examining the role of bots in the first impeachment with respect to three questions as follows. (Q1) Are bots actively involved in the debate? (Q2) Do bots target one political affiliation more than another? (Q3) Which sources are used by bots to support their arguments? Our methods start with collecting over 13M tweets on six key dates, from October 6th 2019 to January 21st 2020. We used machine learning to evaluate the sentiment of the tweets (via BERT) and whether it originates from a bot. We then examined these sentiments with respect to a balanced sample of Democrats and Republicans directly relevant to the impeachment, such as House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, senator Mitch McConnell, and (then former Vice President) Joe Biden. The content of posts from bots was further analyzed with respect to the sources used (with bias ratings from AllSides and Ad Fontes) and themes. Our first finding is that bots have played a significant role in contributing to the overall negative tone of the debate (Q1). Bots were targeting Democrats more than Republicans (Q2), as evidenced both by a difference in ratio (bots had more negative-to-positive tweets on Democrats than Republicans) and in composition (use of derogatory nicknames). Finally, the sources provided by bots were almost twice as likely to be from the right than the left, with a noticeable use of hyper-partisan right and most extreme right sources (Q3). Bots were thus purposely used to promote a misleading version of events. Overall, this suggests an intentional use of bots as part of a strategy, thus providing further confirmation that computational propaganda is involved in defining political events in the United States. As any empirical analysis, our work has several limitations. For example, Trump’s rhetoric on Twitter has previously been characterized by an overly negative tone, thus tweets detected as negative may be echoing his message rather than acting against him. Previous works show that this possibility is limited, and its existence would only strengthen our conclusions. As our analysis is based on NLP, we focus on processing a large volume of tweets rather than manually reading all of them, thus future studies may complement our approach by using qualitative methods to assess the specific arguments used by bots.
“Sing Me Back Home:” Using Country Music to Clarify Criminological Theory in Undergraduate Courses

Abstract The inclusion of music is central to early education pedagogy as an efficient means of conveying information and a mechanism for knowledge retention, yet these tools are generally omitted from higher educational approaches. Drawing on prior studies highlighting how musical assignments successfully supplemented traditional criminal justice coursework, a criminological theory course was redesigned with music as a core component. Musical selections were included and discussed in each class meeting as well as being tied to class assignments within a pilot course. Teaching techniques were refined over several semesters with the revised course framework including more student involvement, somewhat approaching a flipped classroom model whereby the instructor and students equally shared musical selections relevant to course curriculum. The instructor perceived students were more invested in the course. The professor-student dynamic also appeared to become more intimate due to both sharing music about which they were personally passionate. Further, the instructor’s inclusion of crime-specific songs from older musical genres appeared to disrupt students’ stereotypes associating crime with other genres and demographics. We offer a summary of the techniques for teaching a criminological theory course framed by instructor presentations of “outlaw” country music; guidance is also provided for utilizing other genres.
HIV/AIDS and the social determinants of health: a time series study.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the time trend, spatial distribution, and the cases of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cases with social determinants of health. METHODS Ecological and analytical study, carried out based on the cases of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome notified in a state in the Brazilian Midwest, from 2009 to 2018. The study used descriptive analysis, polynomial regression, and geospatial analysis. RESULTS In 10 years, there were 9,157 notifications, growing each year. There was a growing trend for both sexes (p<0.001, r2=0.94). The City Human Development Index was related to the higher number of cases (city of notification, p=0.01; and city where the person lives, p=0.02). The highest concentration was in cities that house health macro-regions. CONCLUSION Social determinants have a relationship with the time trend and the spatial distribution of cases and can direct strategies for prevention and care.
The Influence of Reducing Disease Activity Score on Cervical Spine Deformity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review

Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can cause deformity in particularly the craniocervical but also in the lower cervical region. Objectives The aim of this study is to give an overview of current literature on the association of disease activity score (DAS) and the prevalence and progression of rheumatoid arthritis-associated cervical spine deformities. Methods A literature search was done in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science using a sensitive search string combination (Supplemental File). Studies describing the association between DAS and the incidence and progression of atlantoaxial subluxation, vertical subluxation, and subaxial subluxation were selected by predefined selection criteria, and risk of bias was assessed using a Cochrane checklist adjusted for this purpose. Results Twelve articles were retrieved, and risk of bias on study level was low to moderate. In the eight longitudinal studies, patients demonstrated high DAS at baseline, which decreased upon treatment with medication: cervical deformity at the end of follow-up was associated with higher DAS values. The four cross-sectional studies did not demonstrate a straightforward correlation between DAS and cervical deformity. Deformity progression was evaluated in three studies, but no convincing association with DAS was established. Conclusion A positive association between prevalence of cervical spine deformities and high disease activity was demonstrated, but quality of evidence was low. Progression of cervical deformity in association with DAS control over time is only scarcely studied, and future investigations should focus on halting of deformity progression.
Tumefactive multiple sclerosis versus high grade glioma: A diagnostic dilemma

Background: Tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDL) share similar clinical features and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics with high grade glioma (HGG). This study develops an approach to navigating this diagnostic dilemma, with significant treatment implications as the management of both entities is drastically different. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 41 TDLs and 91 HGG with respect to demographics, presentation and classical MRI characteristics was performed. A diagnostic pathway was then developed to help diagnose TDLs based on whole neuraxis MRI and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination. Results: The diagnosis of TDL is more likely than HGG in younger females who present with subacute or chronic symptoms. MRI characteristics favoring TDL over HGG include smaller size, open rim enhancement, little or no associated edema or mass effect and the presence of a T2 hypointense rim. MRI of the whole neuraxis for detection of other lesions typical of multiple sclerosis (MS), in combination with a lumbar puncture (LP) showing positive CSF-specific oligoclonal bands (OCB), was positive in 90% of the TDL cohort. Conclusion: The diagnostic pathway, proposed on the basis of specific clinicoradiological features, should be followed in patients with suspected TDL. If MRI demonstrates other lesions typical of MS and LP demonstrates positive CSF-specific OCBs, then patients should undergo a short course of IV steroids to look for clinical improvement. Patients, who continue to deteriorate, do not demonstrate other lesions on MRI or where the LP is negative for CSF-specific OCB, should be considered for biopsy if safe to do so. This pathway will give the patients the best chance at neurological preservation.
Associations between obesity and academic enthusiasm and social emotional competence: Moderating effects of gender and sleep quality

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to report if there is a difference in obesity according to the gender and sleep quality of primary school students. The participants of this study were 2,607 primary school students in the 4th grade shown in the 2018 (Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey) data. The results of this study are as follows: First, obesity showed a difference according to gender, and there was no difference in terms of sleep quality according to obesity. Second, obesity impacts academic enthusiasm, aggression, and attention of primary school students. In contrast, it was shown that obesity did not impact children’s physical symptoms and self-esteem. Third, according to gender, the associations between obesity and social emotional development and self-esteem were different except for primary school children’s academic enthusiasm, attention, and aggressions. Fourth, sleep quality showed a moderating effect on the social emotional development, including the relationship between obesity and academic enthusiasm and self-esteem.
Exploring the Online Health Information-Seeking Behavior in a Sample of Italian Women: The “SEI Donna” Study

There is much discussion about the skills of people in understanding and managing online health information. The Italian survey “SEI Donna” aimed to investigate perceptions and use of the web in women regarding health issues considering their health literacy (HL) and healthcare skills. We used an online questionnaire to explore different aspects of online health-related information-seeking behavior. The study participants (n = 7027) were categorized into healthcare workers (HW), healthcare students (HS), and non-healthcare women (non-HW). Half the sample (52%) searched online for a second opinion after the medical examination without statistical difference among HW, HS, and non-HW. Women in the age range of 26–40 years (OR = 1.28, p < 0.001), having chronic illness (OR = 1.48; p < 0.001), and being moderately (OR = 1.58; p < 0.001) or not satisfied (OR = 2.04; p < 0.001) with healthcare professionals were more likely to use the Internet to seek medical insight. Overall, 34% of women had a functional HL, the same being higher in HW (64%) and in HS (43%) than the rest of the women (18%) (p < 0.0001). The suboptimal HL suggests the need to improve HL in the general population to be skilled in surfing the web and, at the same time, to reorganize health training to improve the HL of healthcare professionals, also enriching their communication skills.