Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mortality Rate of Clarias gariepinus Fingerlings Exposed to 2, 3- dichlorovinyl dimethyl Phosphate

2, 3- dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate is an organophosphate insecticide used in the control of insects in both agricultural and household. This study investigated the mortality rate of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings exposed to 2, 3- dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate. Samples Clarias gariepinus were bought from a private fish farm in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria. The fishes were acclimatized in the laboratory for 3 days. A static renewal bioassay methodology was adopted. Results showed mortality rate of 32.85, 57.14 and 72.86% at 0.20, 0.60 and 1.00 ppm respectively (based on different concentration) and 32.67, 43.33, 56.67 and 73.33% respectively at intervals of 12, 24, 48 and 96 hours (based on time). There was significance difference (P<0.05) with respect to concentration, time and interaction of time/concentration. Results also showed increased mortality with increased concentration and exposure duration. The results showed that even at low concentration, 2, 3- dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate could still induce mortality in fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus. As such caution should be exercised in the use and disposal of empty cans of 2, 3- dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate close to aquatic-systems.
Geographic variation in a South American clade of mormoopid bats, Pteronotus (Phyllodia), with description of a new species

The subgenus Phyllodia (genus Pteronotus) comprises 9 species ranging from the western coast of Mexico to central Brazil, including Greater and Lesser Antilles. Two of them, Pteronotus rubiginosus and Pteronotus sp. 1, form an endemic South American clade within Phyllodia and are reported in sympatry for several localities in Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and northern Brazil. We herein performed a comprehensive investigation to fully characterize the cranial variation and genetic intraspecific structuring within this clade. We also integrated genetic, morphological, and acoustic evidence to formally describe the species previously reported as Pteronotus sp. 1. Specimens of P. rubiginosus occurring in sympatry with the new species have a more distinctive cranial phenotype than those from allopatric areas, suggesting character displacement as a potential force promoting divergence by decreasing resource competition or reproductive interactions between them. Although the 2 species are sympatric in several localities, the divergence in their echolocation calls also may be promoting resource partitioning at the microhabitat level, with P. rubiginosus foraging in less cluttered areas and the new species restricted to more cluttered areas.
Examination of the Bacterial Biodiversity of Coastal Eroded Surface Soils from the Padza de Dapani (Mayotte Island)

ABSTRACT To better understand microbial populations present in atypical soil environments, and to discern any relations between these environments and their bacterial communities, we examined the “Padza de Dapani” on the island of Mayotte off the east coast of Africa. This area is not a true (hot) desert, but resembles one in many places due to extensive soil erosion. We collected surface soil samples from five different sites of the Padza de Dapani in Mayotte. We examined bacterial biodiversity using pyrosequencing of PCR-amplified 16S V1–V3 rDNA sequences from total extracted DNA. Our results show that in the acidic (pH 4.6–6), oligotrophic (organic carbon; 0.1–0.7 g/kg of soil) and mineralized (Fe: 18 g/100 g; Al: 12 g/100 g) Dapani Padza soil samples, members of the Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria phyla dominated the bacterial communities, as was also observed in samples from Saudi Arabia hot desert sands. Interestingly, members belonging to the genera Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter and Bacillus were also found to be very abundant in our samples. These were also seen in hot Asian deserts sand samples, such as those from the Gobi (Mongolia) and Taklamaken (China) deserts, thus possibly pointing to microbial populations characteristic of denuded soils.
Circadian regulation of adult neurogenesis in zebrafish and its modulation by nutrition

The recently accepted phenomenon of adult neurogenesis is important for basic biological research and, potentially, can have major implications for the treatment of agerelated cognitive decline and disease. Investigation into the mechanisms of adult neurogenesis and its ability to replenish brain circuits with new functional neurons requires whole animal models. Zebrafish, a diurnal vertebrate, has robust cell proliferation in several neurogenic niches, including the cerebellum and dorsal telencephalon, the latter bearing homology to mammalian hippocampus. Because zebrafish demonstrate rapid regeneration in all tissues, including successful repair following brain traumas, they are promising as a model for designing therapies for human brain traumas or stroke. Their long lifespan and gradual aging also makes them an interesting model for the role of neurogenesis in counteracting human neurodegenerative disorders of aging. In different models, it has been found that cell proliferation in adult brain can be significantly affected by behavioral and environmental factors. Among those is nutrition, impacting adult neurogenesis through the amount of caloric intake, meal frequency, and meal content. The study presented here addressed the effects of nutritional factors on adult neurogenesis in a zebrafish model of premature aging due to excessive caloric food intake since early development. Fish were exposed to fasting, different diets
ACÚMULO DE BIOMASSA E CRESCIMENTO RADICULAR DA PALMA FORRAGEIRA EM DIFERENTES ÉPOCAS DE COLHEITA Biomass accumulation and root growth of cactus pear in different harvest periods

Objetivou-se avaliar o acumulo de biomassa e o crescimento radicular da palma forrageira (Opuntia ficus indicaMill) em diferentes epocas de colheita. O delineamento estatistico foi inteiramente casualizado com dez tratamentos e tres repeticoes por tratamento. Foi utilizada uma area de 12.100 m² com palma forrageira clone IPA 20. As avaliacoes procederam-se apos 90 dias do estabelecimento da planta no campo, sendo que as demais avaliacoes foram feitas a cada 45 dias, realizando-as no 90o, 135o, 205o, 252o, 300o, 345o, 390o, 435o, 480o e 525o dias, correspondente aos tratamentos. Em cada periodo foi avaliado a parte aerea da planta e seu sistema radicular. No 345°dia apos o plantio obteve biomassa verde de 2.079,3 g atingindo 1.118,3 g no 435o dia. No periodo de estiagem, a planta apresentou decrescimo no peso verde, perdendo aproximadamente 50% do seu peso. No 135o dia apos o plantio, a raiz da palma atingiu 30 cm de profundidade. Nesse periodo a densidade radicular foi reduzindo com o aumento da profundidade do solo. De 0,075, 0,056 e 0,0017 mg/cm³ para 10, 20 e 30 cm de profundidade, respectivamente. Na epoca de colheita de 435 dias, encontrou-se densidade radicular de 0,44, 0,105, 0,065 e 0,048 mg/cm³ para 10, 20, 30 e 40 cm de profundidade, respectivamente. A biomassa seca da palma nao se reduziu com o periodo de estiagem. A biomassa verde da parte aerea e o crescimento horizontal da raiz da palma sao influenciados pela ocorrencia de precipitacao pluviometrica e variam ao longo do ano. A raiz da palma tem maior concentracao proxima da planta, podendo atingir 40 cm de profundidade.
Investigating cellular 2´-deoxyribonucleotide pools as targets for non-small cell lung cancer therapy

II Acknowledgments . III Table of contents . IV List of figures . IX List of tables . XV List of abbreviations . XVI Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 The association of oxidative stress and cancer cells ---------------------------------4 1.2 Nucleotide pool sanitization enzymes --------------------------------------------------5 1.3 De novo synthesis, catabolic and salvage pathways in dNTP pools regulation --8 1.4 Oxidation in dATP and dTTP pools ---------------------------------------------------11 1.5 DNA repair mechanisms for oxidatively generated DNA lesions ----------------12 1.5. 1 Base excision repair --------------------------------------------------------------13 1.5. 2 Nucleotide excision repair and transcription-coupled repair ---------------15 1.5. 3 Nucleotide incision repair -------------------------------------------------------15 1.5. 4 Mismatch repair -------------------------------------------------------------------16 1.6 Replication stress and DNA damage response ---------------------------------------18 1.6. 1 Causes of DNA replicative stress ----------------------------------------------18 1.6. 2 Consequences of DNA replication stress --------------------------------------20 1.6. 3 DNA damage response -----------------------------------------------------------24 1.6. 4 Replication stress relevance to cancer -----------------------------------------28 1.7 NUDT1 and the impact of Nudix hydrolase family enzymes on carcinogenesis 29 1.8 Non-small cell lung cancer and its subtype -------------------------------------------35 1.9 Gemcitabine and cisplatin as first-line treatment of NSCLC ----------------------35 1.10 The project aims and objectives ------------------------------------------------------38 Chapter 2: Materials and methods . 40
Northern tamarisk beetle (Diorhabda carinulata) and tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) interactions in the Colorado River basin

Northern tamarisk beetles (Diorhabda carinulata) were released in the Upper Colorado River Basin in the United States in 2004–2007 to defoliate introduced tamarisk shrubs (Tamarix spp.) in the region's riparian zones. The primary purpose was to control the invasive shrub and reduce evapotranspiration (ET) by tamarisk in an attempt to increase stream flows. We evaluated beetle–tamarisk interactions with MODIS and Landsat imagery on 13 river systems, with vegetation indices used as indicators of the extent of defoliation and ET. Beetles are widespread and exhibit a pattern of colonize–defoliate–emigrate, so that riparian zones contain a mosaic of completely defoliated, partially defoliated, and refoliated tamarisk stands. Based on satellite data and ET algorithms, mean ET before beetle release (2000–2006) was 416 mm/year compared to postrelease (2007–2015) ET of 355 mm/year (p < 0.05) for a net reduction of 61 mm/year. This is lower than initial literature projections that ET would be reduced by 300–460 mm/year. Reasons for the lower‐than‐expected ET reductions are because baseline ET rates are lower than initially projected, and percentage ET reduction is low because tamarisk stands tend to regrow new leaves after defoliation and other plants help maintain canopy cover. Overall reductions in tamarisk green foliage during the study are 21%. However, ET in the Upper Basin has shown a steady decline since 2007 and equilibrium has not yet been reached. Defoliation is now proceeding from the Upper Basin into the Lower Basin at a rate of 40 km/year, much faster than initially projected.
Promising Antifungal Potential of Selective Botanical Extracts, Fungicides and Trichoderma Isolates Against Alternaria solani

Abstract In vitro antifungal potential of Trichoderma isolates, selective botanical extracts and fungicides against A. solani was evaluated. Trichoderma isolates, i.e. T. harzianum, T. viride and T. hamatum, were tested for their antifungal effect by dual culture technique at 48, 96, 144 and 172 hrs. T. hamatum produced the highest inhibition of A. solani in vitro, followed by T. hazianum and T. viride after 172 hrs. Methanolic leaf extracts of Elettaria cardamomum, Syzygium aromaticum, Curcuma longa and root extract of Parthenium hysterophorus showed up to 100% inhibition of A. solani, compared to control, while methanolic stem and leaf extracts of P. hysterophorus produced up to 90% inhibition of the pathogen. In vitro, six different systemic fungicides Triger 25% EC (Tebuconazole), Solex (Carbendazim 40% + Triadimefon 10%), Dew (Difenoconazole), Amistor Top SC (Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazole), Corel 25% EC (Difenoconazole), Reflex (Difenoconazole + Propiconazole) were tested against A. solani at 5, 10 and 15 ppm concentrations after 48, 96, 144 and 172 hrs. Corel and reflex at all concentrations produced best growth inhibition of A. solani. The inhibition was maximum by all fungicides at 15 ppm after 172 hrs. All fungicides had a promising inhibitory effect on A. solani, except Solex. It can be concluded from the present investigation that a combination of these strategies can be used in integrated disease management of A. solani on potato.
Performance, carcass parameters, meat quality and lipid profile from feedlot young bulls fed cottonseed

O objetivo com este estudo foi avaliar as caracteristicas de desempenho, carcaca, qualidade de carne, perfil de acidos graxos e alteracoes hepaticas de bovinos suplementados com caroco de algodao (CA) em terminacao. Utilizou-se 100 animais da raca Nelore, sendo divido em dois grupos de 50 animais, sendo para o grupo 1 foi incluido CA na forma de grao inteiro na dieta (15% de inclusao) e para o grupo 2, foi fornecido uma dieta controle. Os animais permaneceram em confinamento durante 88 dias e as dietas fornecidas foram isoproteicas e isoenergeticas, na proporcao de Concentrado: Volumoso de 60:40. Ao final do periodo experimental, os animais foram encaminhados para abate sendo coletadas amostras de figado para analise histologica. Apos resfriamento de 24 horas a ± 1°C, foram realizadas avaliacoes de carcaca e de cortes principais, pH e coleta de amostras do musculo Longissimus para realizacao das analises fisico- quimica, de composicao centesimal, perfil de acidos graxos e indice de oxidacao. A inclusao do CA na dieta proporcionou animais com maior peso ao abate, ganho de peso diario, rendimento de dianteiro. Porem, os animais apresentaram reduzidos rendimentos de carcaca, peso de traseiro e costelas, sem alterar os parâmetros como area de olho de lombo e cobertura de gordura subcutânea. Houve aumento dos valores de amarelo (b*) e umidade, com reducao de pH final com uso do CA. Nao houve influencia do uso de CA em relacao aos parâmetros histologicos avaliados no figado. A inclusao de 15% de CA promoveu melhoria no desempenho dos bovinos em confinamento, com reducao do peso do traseiro e adequados aspectos de qualidade de carne, perfil de acidos graxos e conservacao.
Imp and secY, two new markers for MLST (multilocus sequence typing) in the 16SrX phytoplasma taxonomic group

To investigate the genetic variability of fruit tree phytoplasmas belonging to the 16SrX phylogenetic group, we used a Multilocus Sequence Typing strategy (MLST). Sequences of four non-ribosomal genetic loci (aceF, pnp, imp and secY) were determined among a collection of Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum, Ca. P. mali and Ca. P. pyri isolates. Sequences alignment and phy-logenetic analyses confirmed the classification based on rDNA16S phylogeny. The four genetic loci displayed specific signatures clearly correlated with the recent definition of the corresponding Candidatus species. However, a total congruence was not ob-served inside species, between phylogenetic trees constructed with the different loci. A divergent Ca. P. prunorum variant from Azerbaijan, recently characterized through aceF sequencing, again presented a divergent imp gene. The previously characterized Ca. P. prunorum hypovirulent strains had the same aceF sequence but were discriminated with the imp marker. Ca.P. pyri strains detected in Lebanese Pear Decline isolates also form a distinct cluster according to aceF and imp markers. Imp and secY phyloge-netic analyses pointed out a new Ca. P. prunorum cluster comprising strains never detected in psyllid vectors (non circulative strains ? ). On the opposite, the circulative Ca.P. prunorum strains were distributed among all phylogenetic group identified. For Ca. P.mali, discrimination of apple proliferation isolates was in agreement with previous studies.
Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and Rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) Plants Cultivated under Photovoltaic Panels

Energy demand of greenhouses is an important factor for their economics and photovoltaics can be considered an alternative solution to cover their electrical and heating needs. On the other hand, plants cultivated under different solar radiation intensities usually appear different physiological adaptations. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of photovoltaic panels’ induced partial shading on growth and physiological characteristics of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) plants. Our results indicate that lettuce productivity and the corresponding photosynthetic rate were not affected under the photovoltaic cultivation in comparison with the reference one. On the other hand, the rocket cultivation was less productive and showed lower photosynthetic rate under photovoltaic panels than in the reference greenhouse. The different physiological response between lettuce and rocket seems to be associated with the effect of environmental factors such as solar radiation intensity, temperature and humidity apart from the possible inherent characteristics of each plant species.
Skull morphometry and vault sutures of Myrmecophaga tridactyla and Tamandua tetradactyla

This study aimed to examine the relations between skull size and the level of cranial vault sutures closure. A total of 50 Myrmecophaga tridactyla and 178 of Tamandua tetradactyla skulls were analyzed in relation to 18 skull dimensions. The skulls were grouped into three level of suture closure: none suture closured (level 0), many sutures closured (level 1) and all the sutures closured (level 2). The results indicated that among the 18 variables measured, 17 showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) between immature and sub-adults skulls of T. tetradactyla ; as well as between immature and sub-adult, besides immature and adult skulls of M. tridactyla . Myrmecophaga tridactyla sub-adults and adults had no significant difference among any of the 18 dimensions. The foramen magnum height in both species showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) among any of sutures categories. In principle, suture closure level and cranial dimensions are important to estimate age group for both species of anteaters, and both T. tetradactyla and M. tridactyla immature individuals have the foramen magnum height similar to adult animals.
Molecular Modeling of an Orphan GPR18 Receptor

One of the best known to date GPCR class A (Rhodopsin) includes more than 100 orphan receptors for which the endogenous ligand is not known or is unclear. One of them is N-arachidonyl glycine receptor, named GPR18, a receptor that has been reported to be activated by Δ9-THC, endogenous cannabinoid receptors agonist anandamide and other cannabinoid receptor ligands suggesting it could be considered as third cannabinoid receptor. GPR18 activity, as well as its distribution might suggest usage of GPR18 ligands in treatment of endometriosis, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Yet, so far only few GPR18 antagonists have been described, thus only ligand-based design approaches appear to be most useful to identify new ligands for this orphan receptor. Main goal of this study, GPR18 inactive form homology model was built on the basis of the evolutionary closest homologous template: Human P2Y1 Receptor crystal structure. Obtained model was further evaluated and showed active/nonactive ligands differentiating properties with acceptable confidence. Moreover, it allowed for preliminary assessment of proteinligand interactions for a set of previously described ligands. Thus collected data might serve as a starting point for a discovery of novel, active GPR18 blocking ligands.
Population Dynamics of Jatka (Juvenile Hilsa) in the Meghna River, Bangladesh

Population parame ters o f t he jatk a (ju venile hilsa, Tenualosa ilisha ) we re estimated using FISAT s oftware with length-frequency dat a collected from the Meghna River (Shatnol to Hajimara), Bangladesh. The pre dicted e xtreme length was 19.34 cm (95% pro bability of occurrence). Ba sed on the von Bertalanffy growth equation, the ultimate (asympt otic) length of the jatka was estimated as 18.60 cm while the predicted best gro wth co efficient (K) was 8.80·year. The an nual rate of natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) we re found to be 8.39 and 14.13, respectively. The es timated value fo r the e xploitation rat e (E) was 0. 63. The length-weight relationship of jatk a was found to be W = 0.00736 TL. 3.092 The pr esent investigation indicated overfishing (E > 0. 50) o f j atka in the Meghna River. net), current jal (monofilament net) and poa jal (medium beach seine net). The rate of jatka catch gradually increased each A continuous indiscriminate catching of jatka may affect the annual total catch of hilsa fishery. the study to estimate the natural mortality (M), fishing mortality (F) and exploitation rate (E) of jatka. These aspects will help
Habitat and behaviour of adult yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the waters off southwestern Taiwan determined by pop-up satellite archival tags

Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares ) is an economically important species for longline and trolling fisheries in the waters off the southwestern coast of Taiwan, yet this species' movement patterns remain poorly understood. This study provides the first information on the movement and behaviour of adult yellowfin tuna using pop-up satellite archival tags in the waters off the southwestern coast of Taiwan. In total, 11 tuna (ranging from 116 to 135 cm in fork length) were tagged and released from 2011 to 2013. Seven fish were successfully tracked to provide information on depth and temperature preferences as well as horizontal movements. The majority of the vertical movements (30.3%) of yellowfin tuna occurred in the 50-m depth range in mixed layers. The mean swimming depth was 74.4 m (±50.7 m) during the daytime and 94 m (±72.5 m) at nighttime, which was a contrast to the findings in other waters. The maximum diving depth was 1000 m, where the water temperature was approximately 4 °C. This value was similar to the measurements made by a CTD near a depth of 1000 m, where the water temperature was approximately 4.2 °C and the O2 level was 3.0 mg l−1 . One of the tuna travelled 190 NM (straight distance) in 37 days, with most of its horizontal movements (70.6%) occurring at temperatures that ranged from 26 to 28 °C, suggesting that yellowfin tuna have a preference for this temperature range throughout the period of PAST observation.
Fed‐batch l‐(+)‐lactic acid fermentation of brewer's spent grain hydrolysate

Brewer's spent grain (BSG) hydrolysates were used for l-(+)-lactic acid (LA) fermentation by Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469. The aim of this study was to evaluate fed-batch LA fermentation of BSG hydrolysate with the addition of glucose, glucose and yeast extract, and wort during LA fermentation and its effect on fermentation parameters such as LA concentration, its volumetric productivity and yield, and L. rhamnosus cell viability. The highest LA yield, volumetric productivity and concentration of 93.3%, 2.0 g/L/h, and 116.1 g/L, respectively, were achieved with glucose and yeast extract addition during fermentation. In fed-batch fermentation with glucose and yeast extract addition significantly higher LA concentration, yield and volumetric productivity (by 194.8; 2.2, and 20.7%, respectively) were achieved compared with batch fermentation. The results indicated that fed-batch fermentation could be used to increase LA fermentation efficiency. Copyright © 2017 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling