Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MID-INFRARED PHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF MAIN BELT ASTEROIDS: A TECHNIQUE FOR COLOR–COLOR DIFFERENTIATION FROM BACKGROUND ASTROPHYSICAL SOURCES

The Spitzer Space Telescope routinely detects asteroids in astrophysical observations near the ecliptic plane. For the galactic or extragalactic astronomer, these solar system bodies can introduce appreciable uncertainty into the source identification process. We discuss an infrared color discrimination tool that may be used to distinguish between solar system objects and extrasolar sources. We employ four Spitzer Legacy data sets, the First Look Survey-Ecliptic Plane Component (FLS-EPC), SCOSMOS, SWIRE, and GOODS. We use the Standard Thermal Model to derive FLS-EPC main belt asteroid (MBA) diameters of 1–4 km for the numbered asteroids in our sample and note that several of our solar system sources may have fainter absolute magnitude values than previously thought. A number of the MBAs are detected at flux densities as low as a few tens of μJy at 3.6 μm. As the FLS-EPC provides the only 3.6–24.0 μm observations of individual asteroids to date, we are able to use this data set to carry out a detailed study of asteroid color in comparison to astrophysical sources observed by SCOSMOS, SWIRE, and GOODS. Both SCOSMOS and SWIRE have identified a significant number of asteroids in their data, and we investigate the effectiveness of using relative color to distinguish between asteroids and background objects. We find a notable difference in color in the IRAC 3.6–8.0 mm and MIPS 24 μm bands between the majority of MBAs, stars, galaxies, and active galactic nuclei, though this variation is less significant when comparing fluxes in individual bands. We find median colors for the FLS-EPC asteroids to be [F(5.8/3.6), F(8.0/4.5), F(24/8)] = (4.9 ± 1.8, 8.9 ± 7.4, 6.4 ± 2.3). Finally, we consider the utility of this technique for other mid-infrared observations that are sensitive to near-Earth objects, MBAs, and trans-Neptunian objects. We consider the potential of using color to differentiate between solar system and background sources for several space-based observatories, including Warm Spitzer, Herschel, and WISE.
The Effect of Work Engagement and Perceived Organizational Support on Turnover Intention among Nurses: A Meta-Analysis Based on the Price–Mueller Model

Aim. To elaborate on the relationship between work engagement, perceived organizational support, and the turnover intention of nurses by analysing some potential moderators. Background. Nurses’ turnover intention is negatively impacted by their level of work engagement and perceptions of organizational support. However, it is challenging to reach a consistent conclusion. Methods. Data were acquired from six electronic databases. Each study was evaluated using the quality assessment tool for cross-sectional studies of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). STATA 15.0 was used to analyse the data, and a random effects model was used. The groups that included two or more studies were added to the moderator analysis. Results. A total of 40 study articles involving 23,451 participants were included. The turnover intention of nurses was inversely associated with work engagement (coefficient: −0.42) and perceived organizational support (coefficient: −0.32). A substantial moderating role was played by cultural background, economic status, working years, and investigation time ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Work engagement and organizational support significantly reduced turnover intention among nurses. Considering the acute shortage of nurses worldwide, nurses with lower wages, fewer working years, and lower levels of work engagement should be given more attention and support from their organizations. Implications for Nursing Management. The meta-analysis suggested that managers should give their employees a more organizational support and promote their work engagement to motivate nurses’ retention intention and maintain a stable workforce with little employee turnover.
A Microphysical Retrieval Scheme for Continental Low-Level Stratiform Clouds: Impacts of the Subadiabatic Character on Microphysical Properties and Radiation Budgets

Abstract Using measurements from the Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program, a modified ground-based remote sensing technique is developed and evaluated to study the impacts of the subadiabatic character of continental low-level stratiform clouds on microphysical properties and radiation budgets. Airborne measurements and millimeter-wavelength cloud radar data are used to validate retrieved microphysical properties of three stratus cloud systems occurring in the April 1994 and 1997 intensive observation periods at the Southern Great Plains site. The addition of the observed cloud-top height into the Han and Westwater retrieval scheme eliminates the need to invoke the adiabatic assumption. Thus, the retrieved liquid water content (LWC) profile is represented as the product of an adiabatic LWC profile and a weighting function. Based on in situ measurements, two types of weighting functions are considered in this study: one is associated with a subadiabatic condition involving cloud.
Improvement of Laccase Production by Thielavia terrestris Co3Bag1. Enhancing the Bio-Catalytic Performance of the Native Thermophilic TtLacA via Immobilization in Copper Alginate Gel Beads

A 32-fold increase in laccase activity production by the thermophilic biomass-degrading fungus T. terrestris Co3Bag1 was achieved when the microorganism was grown on a modified medium containing fructose, sodium nitrate, and copper. A 70 kDa laccase (TtLacA), produced under the above conditions, was purified, immobilized in copper alginate gel beads, and characterized. TtLacA, both free and immobilized enzymes, exhibited optimal activity at pH 3.0, at a temperature of 65 and 70 °C, respectively, although both displayed 70% of activity from 40 to 70 °C. Free and immobilized enzymes retained at least 80% of relative activity in the pH range from 3 to 4.6. Immobilized TtLacA manifested a 2.3-fold higher thermal stability than the free form of the enzyme at 60 and 70 °C. Immobilized TtLacA retained 95% initial activity for six consecutive reuse cycles at 60 °C, and also retained 86% of initial activity after 12 days of storage at 4 °C. Based on the biochemical features, thermophilic TtLacA may be an efficient enzyme for dye decolorization and other industrial applications at high temperatures or acidic conditions. This work represents the first report about the immobilization and biochemical characterization of a thermophilic laccase from a member of the genus Thielavia.
An empirical analysis of depolicing behavior

ABSTRACT Depolicing is a behavior that occurs when law enforcement officers disengage from proactive police work. Despite the term’s more recent popularity, these behaviors have been identified in policing literature for decades. Scholars have primarily tried to quantify the depolicing phenomenon through the lens of public scrutiny and the Ferguson Effect. However, there are currently no quantitative studies that have attempted to examine the multitude of reasons as to why depolicing behavior could potentially occur. The current inquiry uses survey data retrieved from eight municipal law enforcement agencies to further examine potential predictors of depolicing. The predictor variables consisted of public scrutiny, liability concerns, organizational unfairness, burnout, physical danger, COVID-19, and years of experience. Our results indicate that public scrutiny, liability concerns, COVID-19, and years of experience are all significant and positive predictors of depolicing. We also found that agency location and rank significantly impacted depolicing behavior. The findings and limitations are discussed.
Understanding Determinants of Electronic Cigarette and Heated Tobacco Product Use among Young Adults in Lebanon: Prevention and Policy Implications

In line with the global trends, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) have found their way to the Lebanese market. The present study aims to explore the determinants of e-cigarette and HTP use among young adults in Lebanon. Convenience and snowball sampling were used to recruit participants aged 18–30 residing in Lebanon, who were familiar with e-cigarettes products. Twenty-one consenting participants were interviewed via Zoom and the verbatim transcriptions were analyzed thematically. The outcome expectancy theory was used to categorize the results into determinants and deterrents of use. HTPs were viewed by participants as another mode of smoking. The results showed that most participants perceived e-cigarettes and HTPs to be healthier alternatives to cigarettes/waterpipes and to be used as smoking cessation tools. Both e-cigarettes and HTPs were found to be easily accessible in Lebanon; although, in the recent economic crisis, e-cigarettes have become unaffordable. More research is needed to investigate the motivations and behaviors of e-cigarette and HTP users if effective policies and regulations are to be developed and enforced. Furthermore, greater public health efforts need to be made to increase awareness of the harmful impacts of e-cigarettes and HTPs and to implement evidence-based cessation programs tailored to those modes of smoking.
The Contribution of Music Abilities and Phonetic Aptitude to L2 Accent Faking Ability

This study examined how second language (L2) speakers’ individual differences in music perception abilities, singing abilities and phonetic aptitude relate to their L2 phonological awareness. To measure participants’ L2 phonological awareness, we used an accent faking paradigm, where participants were asked to speak in their native language (German) while imitating a strong L2 accent (English). We measured their musical abilities with the AMMA test and their singing abilities with two singing tasks and a self-report questionnaire. Their phonetic aptitude was assessed with a combination of phonological short-term memory tasks (forward and backward digit span tasks), and language perception and production tasks, in which participants needed to process and imitate sounds from unfamiliar languages. A regression analysis revealed that singing abilities and phonetic aptitude could predict participants’ English faking abilities. This suggests that being able to sing could help learners produce and memorise highly accurate L2 sounds, although their performance could also partly be explained by innate learning capacities such as phonetic aptitude. This study also proposes a new combination of tests to obtain a well-rounded assessment of individual differences in phonetic aptitude.
A new species of Bush frog (Anura, Rhacophoridae, Raorchestes) from southeastern Yunnan, China

﻿Abstract In this study, based on morphological and molecular data, a new bush frog species is described from Yunnan, China. Eleven samples of Raorchestesmalipoensissp. nov. were collected from Malipo County, southeastern Yunnan. This species can be distinguished from other congeners by a combination of 13 morphological characters. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene indicate that these individuals form a monophyletic group, and genetic divergence between this clade and its closest relatives is higher than 3.1%, which is comparable to the divergence between recognized Raorchestes species. The discovery of this new species suggests that additional extensive surveys in the southeastern Yunnan would yield more amphibian lineages yet unknown to science.
The Optimization and Calibration of a Rain Intensity Gauge

Abstract The high temporal variability of rainfall requires that measurements be taken at a high frequency for that variability to be recorded well, but most conventional gauges do not have this capability. The gauge described has a resolution estimated to be about 6 s and its measurements do capture the variability. Furthermore, the large datasets associated with high-frequency measurements can be avoided and the essential information retained by storing the data as breakpoints. These are a series of data pairs, each of which consists of the rain rate itself and the time when that rate commenced. A gauge in which the collected rain is formed into a series of drips all of approximately the same known size was a practical choice. The design and calibration of this gauge, in which particular attention was paid to producing a robust instrument incorporating standard components wherever possible, is described. Long-term comparison in the field with a collocated tipping bucket gauge was used in a calibration s.
A Wideband Low RMS Phase/Gain Error mm-Wave Phase Shifter in 22-nm CMOS FDSOI

A 5-bit low-power and compact active mm-wave phase shifter (PS) with low rms phase/gain error is implemented in 22-nm CMOS fully depleted silicon on insulator (FDSOI) technology for 5G multi-input multi-output (MIMO) phased arrays. The proposed phase shifter uses a gain-boosted two-stage <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$RC$ </tex-math></inline-formula> poly-phase filter (PPF), which maintains reasonable phase accuracy features while compensating for the gain response. The system uses a reactance invariant cascode vector modulator (VM), which results in constant loading effect for quadrature network, therefore improving rms phase/gain error. The phase shifter shows measured rms phase error of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$< 4^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 24–36 GHz. The measured mean gain is from −8.2 to −5 dB at 24–36 GHz, and the rms gain error is < 0.6 dB at 24–36 GHz. The total power consumption of the proposed phase shifter is 7.2 mW, and the chip area is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$612\times 953\,\,\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> including pads.
Massive and refined - II. The statistical properties of turbulent motions in massive galaxy clusters with high spatial resolution

We study the properties of chaotic motions in the intra cluster medium using a set of 20 galaxy clusters simulated with large dynamical range, using the adaptive mesh refinement code ENZO. The adopted setup allows us to study the spectral and spatial properties of turbulent motions in galaxy clusters with unprecedented detail, achieving an maximum available Reynolds number of the order of Re ∼ 500−1000 for the largest eddies. We investigated the correlations between the energy of these motions in the intra cluster medium and the dynamical state of the host systems. We find that the statistical properties of turbulent motions and their evolution with time imply that major merger events are responsible for the injection of the bulk of turbulent kinetic energy into the cluster. Turbulence is found to account for ∼20−30 per cent of the thermal energy in merging clusters, and ∼5 per cent in relaxed clusters. We compare the energies of turbulence and motions in our simulated clusters with upper-limits for real nearby clusters derived from XMM-Newton data. When turbulent motions are compared on the same spatial scales, the data from simulations are well within the range presently allowed by observations. Finally, we comment on the possibility that turbulence may accelerate relativistic particles leading to the formation of giant radio halos in turbulent (merging) clusters. On the basis of our simulations, we confirm the conclusions of previous semi-analytical studies that the fraction of turbulent clusters appears to be consistent with that of clusters hosting radio halos.
Embedding inverse semigroups in wreath products

Any extension of a group A by a group B can be embedded in their wreath product A Wr B. Here we consider generalizations of this result for inverse semigroups. Suppose S is an inverse semigroup and ρ0 is a congruence on S. We put T = S/ρ0 and denote the natural map from S to T by ρ. The kernel of ρ is the inverse image ETρ−1 of the semilattice ET of idempotents of T. First we show that if each ρ0-class of idempotents of S is inversely well-ordered, then S can be embedded in K Wr T, the standard wreath product of K and T. In general, not all elements of K Wr T have inverses. However, we can define a wreath product W(K, T) which is an inverse semigroup and which contains S when the previous condition holds. If ρ0 is idempotent-separating and S is 0-bisimple, K is the union of zero and a family of isomorphic groups. In this case, we can replace K by a single component group G of K, augmented by zero, and show that S can be embedded in W(G0, T). These results are analogous to the extension theories of D'Alarcao [1] and Munn [3] and they give conditions under which all inverse semigroup extensions of an inverse semigroup A by an inverse semigroup T are contained in a semigroup with structure depending only on A and T.
Variations of Carbonyl Sulfide During the Dry/Wet Seasons Over the Amazon

Mid‐tropospheric Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) retrievals from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) are utilized to study OCS distributions during the dry/wet seasons over the Amazon rainforest. TES OCS retrievals reveal positive OCS anomalies (∼16 ppt) over the central and southern parts of the Amazon during August–October (dry season) compared to January–March (wet season). There is less OCS taken up by vegetation and soil and more OCS released from biomass burning during the dry season, which causes an increase in OCS concentrations. Strong sinking air during the dry season also helps to trap OCS and this contributes to positive OCS anomalies. MOZART‐4 model captures positive OCS anomalies over the central and southern regions of the Amazon and negative OCS anomalies over the northern part of the Amazon, which are similar to those from TES mid‐tropospheric OCS retrievals. Our studies can help us better understand OCS variations and photosynthetic activities.
Individual Benefits of Continuing Higher Education. The Case of a Swiss Business School

This contribution examines individual benefits of continuing higher education courses provided by a business school. Lifelong learning is important when it comes to keeping up with changing professional requirements and conditions. Adult education and training courses in the form of continuing higher education offer an organized and systematic possibility to further develop oneself. However, empirical evidence on the benefits to graduates is sparse. This article aims to expand the state of knowledge through a Swiss case. Using univariate and multivariate analyses of survey data (n = 1615), benefits contributing to the satisfaction with practice oriented, non-formal education for working professionals are examined. The analyses focus on satisfaction with one of three types of continuing education programs as a measure for the overall benefit to the graduates. The findings provide important indications for the design of continuing education programs in the context of professional higher education. They reveal that subjectively, monetary benefits as well as increases in personal competence are secondary to the overall benefit accrued through the completion of courses. Instead, career development and the enhancement of specific professional competence significantly contribute to the satisfaction of professionals completing continuing higher education.
COMPUTATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL DAM-BREAK FLOOD FLOWS

SUMMARY Sudden total collapse of a dam holding back a reservoir of water, whenever it occurs, becomes formidably impressive in the extent of destruction with which it is associated. The movement on a dry bed of a two-dimensional flood wave resulting from the break of a dam has been one of the most important and challenging subjects in rapidly varied unsteady flows from the computational point of view. An implicit time-marching finite volume numerical scheme was developed and subsequently applied for the solution of the two-dimensional unsteady open channel flow equations written in conservation form. In order to avoid the problems associated with a conventional grid system, a body-fitted non-orthogonal local co-ordinate system was utilized. The proposed numerical technique was applied to determine the stage hydrographs, water surface profiles and velocities of flood flows resulting from suddenly breached storage dams. Predictions were compared with an analytical solution, with available numerical solutions using MacCormack’s two-step explicit scheme and with experimental measurements. Agreement between predictions and measurements regarding the wave front advancement and stage hydrographs is considered to be
Atlas and Catalog of Dark Clouds Based on the 2 Micron All Sky Survey

This paper presents an atlas and catalog of dark clouds derived based on the 2 Micron All Sky Survey Point Source Catalog (2MASS PSC). Color excess maps of E(J H ) and E(H KS) as well as extinction maps of AJ , AH , and AKS covering all of the sky have been produced at the 1 0 grid with a changing angular resolution ( 10–120), depending on the regions in the sky. Maps drawn at the lower 150 grid with a fixed 1ı resolution were also derived for various sets of threshold magnitudes in the J , H , and KS bands to estimate the background star colors and star densities needed to derive the color excess and extinction maps. The maps obtained in this work are presented on various scales in a series of figures that can be used as an atlas of dark clouds for general research purposes. On the basis of the E(J H ) and AJ maps drawn at the 10 grid, we have carried out a systematic survey for dark clouds all over the sky. In total, we identified 7614 dark clouds, and measured the coordinates, extents, and AV values for each of them. We also searched for their counterparts in a previously published catalog of dark clouds based on the optical photographic plates DSS (Dobashi et al. 2005, PASJ, 57, S1). These cloud parameters, including the information of the counterparts, are compiled into a new catalog of dark clouds. The atlas and catalog organized in this paper mainly trace relatively dense regions in dark clouds, revealing a number of dense cloud cores leading to star formation, while those presented by Dobashi et al. based on the optical database are more suited to trace less-dense regions and to reveal the global extents of dark clouds. These two datasets are complementary, and all together, they are useful to picture the structures of dark clouds in various density ranges.
Comparative Numerical Investigation on TiO2/Water Nanofluid Turbulent Flow by Implementation of Single Phase and Two Phase Approaches

In this article, turbulent TiO2/water nanofluid flow and convective heat transfer in a horizontal tube is numerically investigated. Four computer codes were developed for each model (single phase, volume of fluid, mixture, and Eulerian) to simulate this problem. The Finite volume method is applied to solve the two-dimensional steady state governing equations. The results are compared with each other and an experimental work. A model with the most similar results to those of the experimental data and less amount of time for the CPU usage is chosen to develop two correlations for Nusselt number and friction factor based on dimensionless numbers.
3 × 3 Lemma and Protomodularity

Abstract The classical 3 × 3 lemma and snake lemma, valid in any abelian category, still hold in any quasi-pointed (the map 0 → 1 is a mono), regular, and protomodular category. Some applications are given, in this abstract context, concerning the denormalization of kernel maps and the normalization of internals groupoids (i.e., associated crossed modules).