Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In-Situ Validation of Water Quality Algorithms and Monitoring of Irish Lakes using Sentinel 2 Imagery

<p>Through Remote Sensing of Irish Surface Water (INFER) project, we are validating the algorithms to measure the &#160;water quality using Sentinel 2 imagery, which comprises of two European Space Agency (ESA) terrestrial satellites with combined temporal resolution of 5 days. The project is focused on selection of optimal algorithms that will be applicable in Irish context in relation to the high cloud cover and relatively small sizes of the water bodies. The current procedure entails collection of reflectance data from the lakes during the Sentinel overpass as it helps to identify the correct atmospheric correction algorithm. Field radiometry tasks were carried out using TRIOS RAMSES radiometers. Standard field procedures were employed for acquiring glint free reflectance from the water bodies. </p><p>Historical data collected from the 11 lakes, which had field bathymetry survey data, were analysed in order to determine the influence of environmental conditions on the quality of samples. Based on the analysis, recommendations to collect field samples from areas deeper than 10 m and 30 m away from the shoreline were provided in order to avoid the reflectance from the bottom and the surrounding topography. A site selection process was undertaken during the spring of 2019 to shortlist appropriate sites for field validation of satellite-derived products. A total of fifteen lakes were identified for field validation based on several criteria so as to ensure lakes with varying size, depth, trophic status and Water Framework Directive (WFD) status . In addition, a timetable for proposed sampling was established by drawing up a timetable of satellite passes starting from summer of 2019. C2RCC and Acolite processors are being used to compute the chlorophyll and turbidity from identified lakes. Considering the fast changing weather condition of Ireland, it was difficult to obtain the exact overlap between the sentinel overpass and the field sampling. In order to address this issue, the field samples collected within 10 days from the sensor overpass were considered for the field validation. Study of the satellite derived water chemistry data showed that the data collected outside of that time window may not represent the natural fluctuation that occurs in the water bodies. </p><p>The end product of this project is the web platform with the access to Sentinel 2 MSI data products where users can visualize the water quality products for Ireland. This platform will promote the use of earth observation data for inland water quality monitoring and would enable sustainable utilization of the water resources. </p>
Treatment of distal tibia end fractures by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis

DOI: 10.4328/ACAM.20115 Received: 2020-01-20 Accepted: 2020-01-29 Published Online: 2020-02-04 Printed: 2020-04-01 Ann Clin Anal Med 2020;11(Suppl 1): S33-36 Corresponding Author: Quang-Tri Le, Director of 7A Military Hospital, Head of Department of Orthopedics, Head of Department of High-Tech Diagnostics, 466 Nguyen Trai Street, Ward 8, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 72706, Viet Nam E-mail: lqtri@ntt.edu. vn; tsbstri@yahoo.com P: (+084)0839241868, (+084)0913126229 Corresponding Author ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2777-0828 Abstract Aim: Distal tibia fractures are common in daily accidents such as traffic, work, and sports accidents. There are various treatment methods for that injury, such as casting, external fixation, and AO screw and plate fixation. However, in the cases of distal tibia fractures occurred near the ankle joint with damaged soft tissues near the fractures, minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis using the locking compression plate is a suitable fixation method. This study aimed to evaluate the bone union, functional rehabilitation, and assessment of complications of treatment of distal tibia fractures by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in 7A Military Hospital. Material and Methods: This prospective cohort study was performed on 38 patients with distal tibia fractures treated from October 2014 to October 2019 in our hospital. Patients were treated with internal fixation using minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis with locking compression plate, and they were monitored for bone fusion for functional rehabilitation, and the complications were evaluated. Results: The average monitor time was 12.5 months after the operation and the outcomes were assessed based on the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score, as a result of which 24 cases (63.2%) were “very good” 10 cases (26.3%) were “good” and 4 cases (10.5%) were “fair”. Discussion: Minimal invasive plate osteosynthesis provided both postoperative and rehabilitation generally satisfied outcomes. The results were comparable to other authors. Further researches with a larger sample size are needed for better evaluation and optimal protocol conclusion. Conclusion: Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis was a suitable method for the treatment of distal tibia fractures as indirect reduction technique and small incision reduce damages on soft tissues during the operation.
Improved multipath resolution using joint space-time maximum likelihood estimation

Multipath propagation is a phenomenon that occurs in many frequency bands. The multipath components can arrive with different angles of arrival and frequency shifts. We present the first results obtained through the use of the space-time 2D-DOSE algorithm. We show that it is capable of resolving the multipath components received at an antenna array in terms of their azimuth, elevation and frequency offset from the transmitted carrier frequency. This is demonstrated for two different multipath scenarios, one corresponding to ionospheric propagation at HF and the other to cellular mobile radio. To process the latter, a particularly fast FFT based version of the 2D-DOSE algorithm is employed. The basis of this joint estimation method is that both direction of arrival (DOA) and frequency are estimated together rather than making independent estimates of each. This approach has significant advantages.
Conductas sexuales de riesgo en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios argentinos: relación con consumo de sustancias, inicio sexual temprano e impulsividad rasgo

Introducción: Los adultos emergentes universitarios son particularmente vulnerables a presentar consumo abusivo de sustancias y conductas sexuales de riesgo (CSR), lo que incrementa el riesgo de contraer infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) o embarazo no deseado. Objetivo: Examinar, en universitarios, si el tipo de consumo de sustancias (alcohol versus uso concurrente de alcohol y marihuana) y el nivel de impulsividad rasgo se asocian con la frecuencia de CSR con parejas ocasionales. Método: Una muestra de 467 estudiantes completó una encuesta online que medía frecuencia de CSR, ocurrencia de consumo de alcohol y de marihuana en el último año y nivel de impulsividad. Resultados: Los consumidores de alcohol y marihuana, comparados con los consumidores de alcohol, reportaron mayor promedio de parejas sexuales al año y mayor arrepentimiento por no cuidarse contra ITS/embarazo. Los participantes con uso concurrente de sustancias, y niveles medios y altos en las facetas de impulsividad, falta de perseverancia y de premeditación, mostraron mayor frecuencia de encuentros sexuales que los consumidores de alcohol o con baja impulsividad. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos sugieren que el uso concurrente de sustancias y ciertas facetas de impulsividad se asocian a una mayor frecuencia de determinadas CSR. Esta información podría ser útil para intervenir preventivamente en CSR en universitarios argentinos.
Expression and significance of protein-degrading enzymes in cartilage and subchondral bone in osteoarthritis

Background TGFβ1 plays an important role in the metabolism of articular cartilage and bone; however, the pathological mechanism and targets of TGFβ1 in cartilage degradation and uncoupling of subchondral bone remodeling remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the relationship between TGFβ1 and major protein-degrading enzymes, and evaluated the role of high levels of active TGFβ1 in the thickening of subchondral bone and calcification of articular cartilage. Materials and methods The expression of TGFβ1 and protein-degrading enzymes in clinical samples of articular cartilage and subchondral bone obtained from the knee joint of patients with osteoarthritis was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of TGFβ1, MMP-3, MMP-13 and IL-1β in cartilage and subchondral bone tissues were detected by absolute real-time quantitative RT-PCR. The expression of TGFβ1, nestin and osterix in subchondral bone was detected by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. The degree of subchondral bone thickening was determined by micro-computed tomography (CT) imaging. Results Expression of TGFβ1 and cartilage-degrading enzymes was higher in the cartilage-disrupted group than that in the intact group. Furthermore, expression of TGFβ1, nestin and osterix was significantly higher in the OA group than that in the control group. Micro-CT imaging showed that the OA group had abnormal hyperplasia of subchondral bone. Conclusions The data suggest that highly active TGFβ1 activates the expression of cartilage-degrading enzymes. Abnormally activated TGFβ1 may induce formation of the subchondral bone and expansion of the calcified cartilage area, eventually leading to degradation of the cartilage tissue.
Technological Revolutions, Structural Change, and Catching up

This chapter interprets the transition to a more sustainable type of growth as a technological revolution in progress. The chapter opens with a general discussion of the role of technological revolutions and structural change and economic growth, with special emphasis on the acquisition of foreign technology, exports, and catching-up-based growth. It then goes on to examine whether the transition to renewable energy can be seen as a technological revolution in line with the great technological revolutions of the past. The answer to this question is in the affirmative. The final section discusses the implications of this for catching-up-based growth in China and other developing countries.
Essential Tensions in Archaeological Method and Theory

Archaeological theory, some say, seems to have fragmented into a thousand fundamentalisms. By working on a broader set of empirical issues than ever before, archaeologists are indeed applying and refining a variety of perspectives. Yet the editors of this volume make a case that it is appropriate for archaeologists to use a logical variety of theoretical structures to answer different kinds of questions, combining approaches as necessary.In that spirit of plurality, contributors to this volume identify an important theoretical or methodological problem and present an argument regarding its solution. They also provide a critical evaluation of the current state of archaeological method and theory, illustrating that such recurrent issues as the role of agency and the importance of social considerations in the formation of archaeological research dominate current theoretical development. By presenting both the range of important questions and a variety of answers, this volume contributes to the 'essential tension' that will further the growth of archaeological theory.
Geochemical evaluation pollution for some heavy metals in basra soil

: The present study included determine concentrations of certain heavy metals (lead, cadmium, cobalt, copper, zinc, nickel, iron and manganese) of surface soils in selected areas of North, South and west of Basra governorate consisted of four seasons from autumn 2013 to summer 2014 by using Flame atomic absorption spectrum. The seasonal variation of these elements range from lowest value (1.80µg/g) for cadmium in winter and the highest value (13033.18µg/g) for iron in the summer. Total organic carbon TOC% and grain size analysis where also determined and there is not correlation between them, these factors suggesting that working in high concentrations of certain heavy elements in Basra than in natural soils is pollution iron. Basra contaminated soil with heavy elements increase is attributable to human and industrial activities such as increased transportation vehicles and burning gasoline and from other facilities such as hospitals, power plants and oil companies, as well as the use of phosphate fertilizers in agricultural areas, as well as some industrial parks to increase concentrations of some heavy metals in the soil.
Simplified models for axial static and dynamic analysis of pile foundations

Simplified methods for static and dynamic analysis of pile foundations under lateral loading are presented. Firstly, the classical model of a Beam on an elastic Winkler Foundation (BWF) and a number of formulas for the moduli of the associated springs and dashpots are briefly reviewed. This model (1) leads to a characteristic (“mechanical”) pile length, encompassing both pile stiffness and slenderness, which has no counterpart in continuum formulations of the problem; (2) reduces the number of dimensionless groups governing the response, by one. Secondly, solutions for stiffness of single piles are derived for both homogeneous and inhomogeneous soil conditions. These solutions are based on energy principles obtained using complex-valued shape functions analogous to those used in spectral finite-element methods, which account for phase differences in the response at different elevations down the pile. Use of these functions over existing formulations based on real-valued (static) shape functions, greatly improves the accuracy of the solution in the dynamic regime. It is also shown that the exponents in monomial expressions for the static stiffness of long piles, are constrained by a condition associated with the static condensation of the stiffness matrix, and that this condition is not satisfied in a number of formulae in literature. Thirdly, solutions for grouped piles are derived using the superposition approach of Poulos. To this end, a family of interaction factors accounting for pile-soil-pile interaction is reviewed. Results are presented in the form of dimensionless graphs and charts that elucidate critical aspects of the problem. Detailed comparisons with more rigorous numerical continuum solutions are provided.
Modeling a Field Application of In Situ Bioremediation of Perchlorate-Contaminated Groundwater Using Horizontal Flow Treatment Wells (HFTWs)

Abstract : Perchlorate contaminated groundwater is rapidly becoming a significant environmental remediation issue for the Department of Defense. In this study, an existing numerical model that simulates the operation of a Horizontal Flow Treatment Well (HFTW) system to effect the in situ biodegradation of perchlorate through the addition of an electron donor is modified to include a submodel that describes bioclogging. Bioclogging restricts flow out of the HFTW due to the accumulation of biomass directly adjacent to the well. The modified model is then applied to an existing perchlorate contaminated site that will be used for an evaluation of the HFTW technology. Simulations were conducted to determine the impact of altering various engineered parameters on HFTW performance. Simulation results indicate that higher time averaged electron donor concentrations and HFTW pumping rates lead to more perchlorate degradation in terms of total mass of perchlorate removed. Simulation results also indicate that varying the electron donor addition schedule has little impact on HFTW performance. The simulations conducted in this study show that, regardless of the engineered parameter values, bioclogging does not impact the ability of the HFTW technology to effect in situ biodegradation of perchlorate at the evaluation site.
Proportionate-type Algorithm for MIMO-OFDM Channel Estimation and its FPGA implementation

This paper proposes a new proportionate type algorithm which is suitable for hardware implementation for the channel estimation of the MIMO-OFDM system. Proportionate-type Least Mean Square (Pt-LMS) algorithm has been chosen for its immune nature to channel sparsity and low computation complexity than the standard LMS algorithm. This paper presents the convergence analysis of the proposed method through Mean Square Error (MSE), Bit Error Rate (BER), and sum channel capacity of the channel. All detailed MATLAB simulation outcomes are presented to validate the investigative results along with the FPGA implementation.
Impact of renewable energy resources on frequency of a power system based on mathematical approach

Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are the energy sources of the future. However, RES have negative impacts on system's frequency stability because of their intermittency and low inertia characteristics. While intermittency property results in power balance in the system, which is reason for frequency variation, low inertia characteristic influences frequency change such as Rate of Change of Frequency, the minimum and maximum values of the frequency. This paper focuses on these influences of RES on frequency variation when a power imbalance occurs in the system according to mathematical theory. The results obtained show similarities with studies using simulation tools or events occurring in operational practice.
Machine Learning Methods to identify Hindi Fake News within social-media

Over the last decades, Fake news has exploded online. Fabricated stories go viral on digital media. The rise in the use of digital media has accelerated the pace of fake news. It affects the offline public and also threatens human safety. It is critical to check the veracity of news over social media platforms to mitigate its grave impacts. Finding accurate information within this ocean of data is where fake news detection comes into the picture. Most of the existing work is based on the English language. A little work is done using resource scare language for fake news identification. This paper presents an Indian dataset for Hindi Language using Devanagari lipi. Indian Hindi news is collected using the Parsehub scrapping tool. We performed several experiments by using an existing machine learning algorithm and achieved satisfactory results. The outcome reflects the effectiveness of our proposed dataset.
Manufacturers' perceptions about using treated wood in children's playground equipment.

In this study, a companion piece to a previous examination of children's playground equipment buyer perspectives, we investigate what children's playground equipment manufacturers think about using treated wood. The research objectives were to ascertain children's playground equipment manufacturer attitudes and preferences for using treated wood relative to alternative fabrication materials and to gauge their level of awareness regarding treated wood. The sample frame for the study was a census of all 188 U.S. playground equipment manufacturers. Minimization of chemicals and health risks are the most important criteria to respondents when considering the materials they use to manufacture children's playground equipment. Although multiple materials can be used in outdoor playground equipment fabrication, 48 percent of respondents use treated wood, 67 percent use plastic, and 56 percent use steel.
Voltage Stability Simulations Using Detailed Models Based on Field Measurements

This dissertation deals with voltage stability simulations, including dynamic load models, on-load tap-changer control system dynamics and generator reactive power output capacity limits. The simulations are based on sequential solving of ordinary load flow cases augmented with dynamic models. A dynamic load model, that describes load areas including many home heating appliances, is derived from field measurements. The most impressive result is the power recovery, in the range of minutes, due to the thermostat controlled radiators in the system, after a voltage reduction. It is proved in the dissertation that for voltage stability studies electrical heating cannot be seen as constant impedance. The influence of tap-changer control system dynamics is demonstrated for cascaded tap-changers on different voltage levels, and principles for tap-changer settings are discussed. Both the maximum power transfer capability and the load device power consumption are affected by the tap-changer actions. Generator stator and rotor current limiter models are used in order to take into account the rapidly decreasing reactive power output capability at lower voltages. The load dynamics and tap-changer control system dynamics, as well as generator reactive limits, have a significant impact on the voltage collapse, stability margins, power transfer limits and other criteria related to the voltage stability phenomenon.
EARTH AND AGGREGATE SURFACING DESIGN GUIDE FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS

In the past decades, USDA Forest Service engineers have attempted to better clarify the design and construction of surfacing for low volume native and aggregate-surfaced roads. For the most part, this effort was a trial-and-error process. This publication is the result of decades of work aimed at better defining design mechanisms for aggregate surfacing and developing a model for use in native surfacing design, while including the effects of maintenance and road management. The guide redefines the surfacing design process and performance criteria. For the first time, recognition is given to the importance of road maintenance in long-term road performance and to the fact that road surface design and management play a major role in erosion and sediment control. This guide is a major step in the direction of realistic surfacing design for low-volume roads and provides a set of procedures, along with discussion and examples, which can be an aid to understanding the functions, selection, design, and maintenance of an earth or aggregate-surfaced road.
Characteristics of Stable Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes of Soil Moisture under Different Land Use in Dry Hot Valley of Yuanmou

Abstract Soil moisture, stable hydrogen, and oxygen isotopes were sampled and determined in a demonstration area of soil and moisture conservation at the Laocheng Town of Yuanmou County in Chuxiong Prefecture, Yunnan of three land use types: Leucaena Benth artificial forest, Heteropogon contortus grass field, and farmland. The characteristics of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of soil moisture in these different land use types at different soil depths were analyzed to investigate the regularities in the quantitative formation of soil moisture balance. In terms of forest land, we found that the variable coefficient of hydrogen isotopes in the 0-20 cm soil layer was the smallest, but decreased with depth under 20 cm. While in grassland, the variable coefficient in 80-100 cm was the largest, and decreased with depth above 80 cm. As for farmland, the variable coefficient in the top 20 cm was the largest, followed by 40-60 cm, and the medium 20-40 cm was the smallest. The soil moisture hydrogen isotope values of three land use type were different at surface layer, but prone to be consistent in each type. Along the soil depth in forest land, the hydrogen isotope increased first and then decreased, while increased in the end, and the maximum appeared in 80-100 cm. In grassland, the hydrogen isotope increased initially as the forest land but then decreased continuously, so the maximum was found at 20-40 cm. And in grassland, the hydrogen isotope of all depths were higher than which of forest land and farmland. In same land use type, the hydrogen isotope of soil moisture changed significantly at the surface, and the variation of hydrogen isotopes was obviously decreased along the depth. Our findings could provide reference data which would contribute to the assessment of regional groundwater resources in the dry-hot valley of Yuanmou in this study.