Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical data sharing improves quality measurement and patient safety

Abstract Objective Accurate and robust quality measurement is critical to the future of value-based care. Having incomplete information when calculating quality measures can cause inaccuracies in reported patient outcomes. This research examines how quality calculations vary when using data from an individual electronic health record (EHR) and longitudinal data from a health information exchange (HIE) operating as a multisource registry for quality measurement. Materials and Methods Data were sampled from 53 healthcare organizations in 2018. Organizations represented both ambulatory care practices and health systems participating in the state of Kansas HIE. Fourteen ambulatory quality measures for 5300 patients were calculated using the data from an individual EHR source and contrasted to calculations when HIE data were added to locally recorded data. Results A total of 79% of patients received care at more than 1 facility during the 2018 calendar year. A total of 12 994 applicable quality measure calculations were compared using data from the originating organization vs longitudinal data from the HIE. A total of 15% of all quality measure calculations changed (P < .001) when including HIE data sources, affecting 19% of patients. Changes in quality measure calculations were observed across measures and organizations. Discussion These results demonstrate that quality measures calculated using single-site EHR data may be limited by incomplete information. Effective data sharing significantly changes quality calculations, which affect healthcare payments, patient safety, and care quality. Conclusions Federal, state, and commercial programs that use quality measurement as part of reimbursement could promote more accurate and representative quality measurement through methods that increase clinical data sharing.
A NOVEL APPROACH FOR REGENERATING CEMENTUM IN VITRO

Destruction of the periodontium as a result of furcal perforation or periodontitis leads to the loss of the tooth if not treated properly (1, 2). Regeneration of cementum is an essential event which allows the reattachment of the periodontal ligament to the alveolar bone and root (3). SHED represent a promising cell source for tissue engineering. HERS cells are a unique population of epithelial cells in the periodontal ligament that can regenerate cementum (4). It has been reported that HERS cells can differentiate into cementoblast-like cells through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and are capable of controlling the cementoblastic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC) (5). Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) plays a key role in controlling cell proliferation and differentiation (6). Chitosan scaffold is biologically renewable, biodegradable, biocompatible, non-antigenic, and non-toxic (7, 8). 2.0 Materials and Methods
Limits of lockdown: characterising essential contacts during strict physical distancing

COVID-19 has exposed health inequalities within countries and globally. The fundamental determining factor behind an individuals risk of infection is the number of social contacts they make. In many countries, physical distancing measures have been implemented to control transmission of SARS-CoV-2, reducing social contacts to a minimum. Characterising unavoidable social contacts is key for understanding the inequalities behind differential risks and planning vaccination programmes. We utilised an existing English longitudinal birth cohort, which is broadly representative of the wider population (n=6807), to explore social contact patterns and behaviours when strict physical distancing measures were in place during the UKs first lockdown in March-May 2020. Essential workers, specifically those in healthcare, had 4.5 times as many contacts as non-essential workers [incident rate ratio = 4.42 (CI95%: 3.88-5.04)], whilst essential workers in other sectors, mainly teaching and the police force had three times as many contacts [IRR = 2.84 (2.58-3.13)]. The number of individuals in a household, which is conflated by number of children, increases essential social contacts by 40%. Self-isolation effectively reduces numbers of contacts outside of the home, but not entirely. Together, these findings will aid the interpretation of epidemiological data and impact the design of effective SARS-CoV-2 control strategies, such as vaccination, testing and contact tracing.
Tributary stream infiltration as a source of herbicides in an alluvial aquifer

Where Walnut Creek flows across the South Skunk River alluvial aquifer, it provides a potential source of herbicides and herbicide metabolites. This straightened reach of the creek loses water and dissolved contaminants to the alluvial aquifer through a layer of fine-grained flood plain deposits. Estimates of potential flux of chemicals were based on measurements taken during baseflow in April 1994 before herbicides were applied to the watershed and in June 1994 after chemical application and when stream discharge included runoff and tile-drainage water. Hydraulic head measurements between the creek and flood plain deposits and between the creek and aquifer confirmed the potential for downward groundwater flow during both sampling periods. Hydraulic conductivity estimates from slug tests were used to calculate an average linear groundwater velocity of 0.5 m d-1 in the fine-grained flood plain deposits. At this velocity, contaminants could be advectively transported to the aquifer within 6 d. The potential for atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropyl-amino-s-triazine) flux to the aquifer from the creek was estimated to be between 60 and 3000 microgram d-1 m-2. This rate is one to three orders of magnitude greater than the estimated flux via leaching beneath a typical field. If the process of vertical stream leakage occurs in many hydrologic settings, it may constitute a substantial source of herbicides to shallow alluvial aquifers in many areas of the Midwest.
The compositional dependence of thermodynamic interactions in blends of model polyolefins

We have investigated the thermodynamic interactions as functions of component volume fraction φ and temperature T in six binary polymer blend systems. The components in all cases were model polyolefins, made by saturating the double bonds of nearly monodisperse polydienes. Small‐angle neutron scattering measurements for single‐phase melts, analyzed with the incompressible random phase approximation, were expressed in terms of the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter χ for 27 °C≤T≤167 °C and 0.1≤φ≤0.9. In most systems we found a characteristic upturn in χ at the composition extremes that diminished with increasing temperature. We also found that the component chain dimensions were unaffected by the strength of the interactions. Several theoretical attempts to explain the dependence of χ on component volume fraction were examined. Most were qualitatively inconsistent with the results, and none were fully satisfactory.
Optical properties and lattice dynamics of Cu 2 ZnGeSe 4 quaternary semiconductor: A density‐functional study

Density‐functional calculations of the electronic band structure, optical properties, and lattice dynamics of kesterite Cu 2 ZnGeSe 4 semiconductor (space group I4‾ ) are reported. Theoretical optical properties of the material are shown to agree quantitatively with available spectroscopic ellipsometry experimental data that allow detailed interpretation of the main spectral features around the fundamental absorption edge. A good agreement between theoretical and experimental vibrational mode frequencies is also established and the assignment of observed phonon modes to specific lattice eigenmodes is performed.
Response of soil microbial biomass to straw incorporation

SUMMARY The response of the soil microbial biomass to cereal straw incorporation was assessed for three sites in Eastern Scotland. Increases in the C:N ratio of the biomass, due to straw inputs, were greater for soil with a history of straw incorporation than soil with no previous incorporation history. The biomass C:N ratio response to straw inputs was associated with increases in the fungal component of soil microbial respiration, fungal plate count (total and cellulolytic) and FDA-active lengths of fungal hyphae.
Development of Caudal Fin Cell Line from Hill Trout Barilius Bendelisis (Hamilton, 1807) for Cytotoxicity and Transfection Studies

Abstract A cell line named BBdF-1, established from the caudal fin of hill stream fish Barilius bendelisis, has been subcultured for more than 52 passages and is being maintained in L-15 media containing 20% FBS. Species origin of the cell line was confirmed using amplification of partial region of 16S and COI mitochondrial gene sequences. The optimum temperature for growth of BBdF-1 cell line was found to be 28°C. Karyotyping revealed diploid chromosome number as 50. Cells exhibited strong binding for cytokeratin marker and thus were found to be epithelial-like. Strong green fluorescence was observed in BBdF-1 cells transfected with phrGFP-II-N vector, indicating its suitability for utilization in gene expression and manipulation studies. Successful assessment of cytotoxicity of two heavy metals, viz. mercury and chromium, was performed. The cell line can serve as a useful resource material for early toxicity screening of pesticides/pollutant and gene expression.
Identifying Outliers in Response Quality Assessment by Using Multivariate Control Charts Based on Kernel Density Estimation

Abstract When monitoring industrial processes, a Statistical Process Control tool, such as a multivariate Hotelling T2 chart is frequently used to evaluate multiple quality characteristics. However, research into the use of T2 charts for survey fieldwork–essentially a production process in which data sets collected by means of interviews are produced–has been scant to date. In this study, using data from the eighth round of the European Social Survey in Belgium, we present a procedure for simultaneously monitoring six response quality indicators and identifying outliers: interviews with anomalous results. The procedure integrates Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) with a T2 chart, so that historical “in-control” data or reference to the assumption of a parametric distribution of the indicators is not required. In total, 75 outliers (4.25%) are iteratively removed, resulting in an in-control data set containing 1,691 interviews. The outliers are mainly characterized by having longer sequences of identical answers, a greater number of extreme answers, and against expectation, a lower item nonresponse rate. The procedure is validated by means of ten-fold cross-validation and comparison with the minimum covariance determinant algorithm as the criterion. By providing a method of obtaining in-control data, the present findings go some way toward a way to monitor response quality, identify problems, and provide rapid feedbacks during survey fieldwork.
Demonstration of a Multiple Drift Net for Aquatic Organisms

Abstract The distribution of drifting semi-buoyant fish eggs within a river is useful for understanding the ecology of pelagic-broadcast spawning fish. The vertical position of semi-buoyant eggs in the water column is an important parameter describing transport processes for these species. We designed a multiple drift net (five rectangular nets attached to a frame) to vertically divide the water column into stacked horizontal layers to sample drifting semi-buoyant particles. We deployed the multiple drift net gear beside Moore egg collectors in a wadeable channel to sample the vertical distribution of semi-buoyant polyacrylamide gel beads as surrogates for fish eggs in the water column. The vertical distribution of beads was predominantly found in the deeper nets of the multiple drift net gear while the surface nets and Moore egg collectors had fewer beads which is similar to the results in other studies of pelagic-broadcast spawning fish. The multiple drift net gear is a tool that demonstrates the capability to sample the water column under variable flow conditions (depth, velocity and turbulence) for field data on the vertical distribution of drifting eggs (or surrogates). These empirical data can quantify drift patterns of eggs for modeling transport and retention in pelagic-broadcast spawning species.
Properties of soil aggregates as influenced by tillage practices

Changes in aggregate stability, density, and porosity as well as the water retention and nutrient contents of different aggregate size fractions due to intensive tillage were investigated. Three soils from Vicarello, Fagna and Gambassi in North Central Italy which had been under permanent vegetation, minimum or conventional tillage for more than seven years were studied. The aggregates on conventionally tilled plots were slightly denser and less porous than those on the untilled or minimum-tilled plots. The aggregates were less stable under conventional tillage on all soils. Conventional tillage reduced the proportion or macro-aggregates by 22% at Vicarello and 35% at Gambassi. There were no differences in macro-aggregate proportions between minimum- and conventionally tilled plots at Fagna. The potential of the dry aggregates to distintegrate upon contact with water was greatest in the conventionally tilled and least in the untilled treatments. The proportions of dry macro-aggregates (> 0.25 mm) in the untilled and tilled plots were 90 and 71%, respectively. The soil of the tilled plots contained less carbon and nitrogen than that of the untilled plots in all aggregate size fractions. The silt-plus-clay contents of the aggregates accounted for between 65 and 93% of variability in the water they retained at small potentials while organic carbon contents accounted for between 71 and 90% of variability in the stability of the aggregates irrespective of the tillage treatments.
Homoarginine ameliorates diabetic nephropathy independent of nitric oxide synthase‐3

Recently we showed that homoarginine supplementation confers kidney protection in diabetic mouse models. In this study we tested whether the protective effect of homoarginine is nitric oxide synthase‐3 (NOS3)‐independent in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Experiments were conducted in NOS3 deficient (NOS3−/−) mice and their wild type littermate using multiple low doses of vehicle or streptozotocin and treated with homoarginine via drinking water for 24 weeks. Homoarginine supplementation for 24 weeks in diabetic NOS3−/− mice significantly attenuated albuminuria, increased blood urea nitrogen, histopathological changes and kidney fibrosis, kidney fibrotic markers, and kidney macrophage recruitment compared with vehicle‐treated diabetic NOS3−/− mice. Furthermore, homoarginine supplementation restored kidney mitochondrial function following diabetes. Importantly, there were no significant changes in kidney NOS1 or NOS2 mRNA expression between all groups. In addition, homoarginine supplementation improved cardiac function and reduced cardiac fibrosis following diabetes. These data demonstrate that the protective effect of homoarginine is independent of NOS3, which will ultimately change our understanding of the mechanism(s) by which homoarginine induce renal and cardiac protection in DN. Homoarginine protective effect in DN could be mediated via improving mitochondrial function.
A Detailed Hierarchical Model of Psychopathology: From Individual Symptoms up to the General Factor of Psychopathology

Much of the knowledge about the relationships among domains of psychopathology is built on the diagnostic categories described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), and relatively little research has examined the symptom-level structure of psychopathology. The aim of this study was to delineate a detailed hierarchical model of psychopathology—from individual symptoms up to a general factor of psychopathology—allowing both higher- and lower-order dimensions to depart from the structure of the DSM. We explored the hierarchical structure of hundreds of symptoms spanning 18 DSM disorders in two large samples—one from the general population in Australia (n = 3,175) and the other a treatment-seeking clinical sample from the United States (n = 1,775). There was marked convergence between the two samples, offering new perspectives on higher-order dimensions of psychopathology. We also found several noteworthy departures from the structure of the DSM in the symptom-level data.
Impact of COVID-19 on Market Risk: Appraisal with Value-at-risk Models

COVID-19 has traumatised the whole world in every aspect ranging from normal day-to-day activities to complete halt of the economies. This piece of work attempted to examine the response of the stock markets to the outbreak of COVID-9 by considering stock indices of five leading countries and comparing the risk with other periods of crisis viz. global financial crisis of 2007-2008 and stock market fluctuation in 1992. Both negative and positive fluctuation are examined, however special emphasis is placed on downside risk. The risk is measured using Value-at-Risk models with different distributional assumptions. The main observation of the study points towards gravity of this deadly virus as the volatility in the stock markets of all the countries is higher even compared to the global crisis of 2008 except China which is quite absurd. On the other hand, global markets are found to be highly correlated in the COVID-19 period. However, investors are also found to be reacting positively when favourable news is transmitted. The findings of this paper will help the investors in understanding the short-run dynamics of the stock markets and use such information in future for investment in similar circumstances. Jel Classification: G01, G15, I15, G17, G28
The Role of Gender in Pay-What-You-Want Contexts

This research highlights how gender shapes consumer payments in pay-what-you-want contexts. Four studies involving hypothetical and real payments show that men typically pay less than women in pay-what-you-want settings, due to gender differences in agentic versus communal orientation. Men approach the payment decision with an agentic orientation, and women approach it with a communal orientation. These orientations then shape payment motives and ultimately affect payment behavior. Because agentic men are more self-focused, their payment decisions are motivated by economic factors, resulting in lower payments. Conversely, communal women are more other-focused, and their payment decisions are motivated by both social and economic factors, resulting in higher payments. The findings additionally highlight how sellers can use marketing communications to increase the salience of social payment motives and demonstrate that by doing so, marketers can increase how much men pay without altering how much women pay in pay-what-you-want settings.
Associations Between Common Forms of Psychopathology and Fecundity: Evidence From a Prospective, Longitudinal Twin Study

We examined associations between common psychiatric disorders and fecundity in a population-based cohort of 1,252 twins prospectively assessed from adolescence into adulthood. Major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and alcohol use disorders were associated with lower likelihood of having children and having fewer children. Survival analyses yielded similar results accounting for timing and recurrence. Although both early- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders were associated with decreased fecundity, early-onset major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders (among boys), and alcohol use disorders (among girls) were associated with greater likelihood of having a child during adolescence. Among twin pairs discordant for psychiatric disorders (i.e., one twin affected and one twin unaffected by major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, or alcohol use disorders), twins affected by anxiety and alcohol use disorders but not major depressive disorder were less likely to have children than their unaffected co-twins. However, unaffected twins with an affected co-twin were no more likely to have children than twins from unaffected twin pairs, inconsistent with the balancing-selection hypothesis that increased fecundity in unaffected relatives accounts for persistence of psychiatric disorders.
Exploring the Relationship Between Usage of Collegiate Recreation Facilities and Academic Achievement

The purpose of this study was to explore grade point average among college students with varied usage levels of collegiate recreation (CR) facilities. Turnstile data was paired with demographic and academic data from university databases, including degree seeking status, to add a quasi-experimental component to the study (first time in college (FTIC) versus non-degree seeking students). Multinomial logistic regression analyses identified differences in grade point average for CR usage level, gender, and race/ethnicity (p < .0001). It was determined that high CR users were 3.1 (95% CI = 2.16, 4.39) times more likely to have a high GPA (≥3.8) versus low users. Results corroborate prior evidence that high users of collegiate recreation facilities are more likely to also have high academic achievement.
Prediction of CO evolution from small‐scale polymer fires

The concentrations of decomposition products of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and 19% and 26% vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymers (19% EVA and 26% EVA, respectively) have been studied at equivalence ratios o varying from 0.5 to 1.5 using a Purser furnace. The CO yield of the fire gases increased with increase in fuel/air ratio. For PE, PP, PMMA and 19% EVA and 26% EVA, the CO evolution was independent of the polymer and depended only on o. PS gave higher CO yields at low fuellair ratios, and lower CO yields at high fuellair ratios in comparison with the other polymers studied. The CO yield translates to a fractional effective dose, showing a threefold increase in the fire toxicity in going from fuel lean (o = 0.5) to fuel rich (o = 1.5) conditions.
7 English Genres in Diachronic Corpus Linguistics

This chapter is about problems and possibilities associated with using genre as a parameter in corpus-based historical linguistics. We will begin by discussing why genre has become an increasingly central concept in historical linguistics and by defining genre and related terms. Next, we will discuss a number of challenges that corpus linguists need to address when they use genre as a parameter in their research. To begin with, we will discuss potential conflicts between two key desiderata, namely representativity and comparability. We will also take up the problem that not all genres are attested for the whole history of English and that even genres which have a long history may have changed over time. Thirdly, we will discuss how historical linguists have used genre comparisons to access an approximation of past speech. We will then devote a section to two case studies where genre plays a central role. We first look at how additional information can be gained by considering genre differences within the framework of multi-feature approaches to genre variation in the past; this account is followed by an analysis of a single linguistic feature, viz. the units co-ordinated by and. The chapter ends with a summary of our main points and some desiderata for future work.