Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Invasive potential of Kappaphycus alvarezii off the south coast of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil: a contribution to environmentally secure cultivation in the tropics.

The carragenophyte Kappaphycus alvarezii has been introduced into tropical regions, including Brazil, for aquaculture purposes. Our study estimated the biomass loss of farmed cuttings, the establishment of cuttings outside the rafts, the occurrence of spores, and evaluated the invasive potential of K. alvarezii at three sites in Rio de Janeiro state. Temperature, salinity, water transparency, wind velocity and direction (hydrodynamic indicator) and solar radiation (irradiance availability indicator) varied spatially. We found no spores in cultivated cuttings and no verified spore recruitment on artificial substrata. Biomass loss of cuttings varied temporally; however, it was restricted to the cultivation management area of one site and was low compared to native algal biomass. The establishment of cuttings was apparently limited by herbivory at Ilha Grande Bay and controlled by water transparency, hydrodynamics and temperature at Sepetiba Bay. The invasive potential of K. alvarezii was considered remote. However, the use of environmental protocols for cultivation activities is necessary to prevent environmental impacts, mainly in tropical regions.
Mitochondrial DNA analysis distinguishes between British populations of the whitefish

The whitefish Coregonus lavaretus is confined to two Scottish lochs and four English and one Welsh lake in the British Isles. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in the mitochondrial (mt) DNA have been used to analyse variability within and between populations. The 14 restriction enzymes employed in this study examined approximately 3% of the mt genome and revealed 15 haplotypes among 156 fish. Haplotype diversity within populations was generally low except for the Welsh population where nine haplotypes were found among 30 fish examined. The haplotypes clustered into three distinct groups corresponding to Scottish, English and Welsh populations. No haplotypes were shared among the three groups. Possible alternative explanations for these findings are introgression from another species, stochastic lineage sorting from a polymorphic ancestral gene pool and/or separate colonizations following the last glaciation.
Tending the Wild. Native American Knowledge and the Management of California's Natural Resources

© 2006, by The New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx, NY 10458-5126 U.S.A. Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 3. Dyes and tannins. Jansen, P. C. M. and D. Cardon, eds. 2005. PROTA Foundation, Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, Netherlands/CTA, Wageningen, Netherlands. 216 pp. (paperback). a 25 (book only, industrialized countries), a 32 (book plus CD, Industrialized countries), a 12.50 (book only, developing countries), a 16 (book plus CD, developing countries). ISBN 90-5782-159-7 (book only), ISBN 90-5782-160-5 (book + CD-ROM).
Effects of Fruit Removal on Photosynthesis, Stomatal Conductance and ABA Level in the Leaves of Vegetative Shoots in Relation to Flowering of Satsuma Mandarin.

Photosynthetic rate (Pr) and stomatal conductance (Sc) in the leaves of satsuma man-darin cv. Aoshima were measured from July to November on 1) vegetative shoots of intact (control) bearing branch unit (BBU) consistisng of two fruit bearing shoots and a vegetative one, and 2) those of BBU from which fruits were removed in June or September. The data between the bearing and non-bearing vegetative shoots are discussed in re-lation to the flowering potential for the following spring.Pr in the leaves of the fruit-removed BBU increased by 24% in September, whereas it increased to 41% by October by fruit removal in June. Pr increased only 30% by November when fruits were removed in September. Sc in leaves of fruit-removed BBU in-creased by 18% in September; but to 46% by October through fruit removal in June; and 114% by November when fruit removal occured in September.In relation to stomatal aperture, ABA concentration in the leaves was measured from September to November during which floral initiation of satsuma mandarin is believed to occur. Leaves of BBU had significantly high ABA concentration in September in the case that the fruits were still remained on the unit, but it was much lower in BBU where fruits were removed in June, and even lower when the fruis were removed in September.These results indicate a possible contribution of Pr increase during the floral initiation period to the vegetative shoots as well as an involvement of ABA through a regulation of stomatal aperture in the leaves during the period. Conclusively fruit removal could enhance flowering rather effectively.
Avaliação da infiltração de água no solo, em sistema de integração agricultura-pecuária, com uso de infiltrômetro de aspersão portátil

Evaluation of the infiltration rate in pasture-agriculture integration system, using a portable sprinkler infiltrometer. This study was carried out in Dourados, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in order to evaluate the soil water infiltration characteristics in three different tillage systems: pasture (System A), oat in minimum tillage (System B) and continuous pasture (System C). The field tests were performed by a sprinkler infiltrometer, regulated for rainfall intensities of 60 mm h -1 and 100 mm h -1 . Based on the field data, the Kostiakov-Lewis and Horton models were adjusted. It was concluded that: a) System B presented the largest stable infiltration rate for the intensity of 60 mm h -1 , and the lowest rate when the rainfall intensity was 100 mm h -1 ; b) The Horton model adjusted better to the field data, presenting determination coefficients always higher than 88.0%.
Changes in Activities of Antioxidative Enzymes and Pigment Contents in Leaves of Cattleya and Cymbidium Plants Subjected to Different Light Intensities

Sophrolaeliocattleya Estella Jewel (Cattleya) and Cymbidium Sazanami plants grown in a shaded greenhouse, kept between 18 and 28°C, were exposed to full sunlight (FS, 0.61kW·m-2) on 21st October, whereas others were grown under 70% (high radiant flux), 40% (control) and 10% (low radiant flux) full sunlight from May to October. 1. Activities of foliar antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT), were much more in a CAM plant, Cattleya than in a C3 plant, Cymbidium ; those enzyme activities increased slightly in the daytime in the former and at the beginning of night in the latter. FS reduced SOD activity but greatly enhanced CAT activity and slightly promoted APX activity in Cattleya leaves, whereas the same radiant flux on Cymbidium leaves resulted in a big decreased in SOD and CAT activities and a slight one in APX activity. The decrease is attributed to light stress. 2. One month after the onset of the shading treatment, SOD and CAT activities in Cattleya leaves at the high radiant flux decreased significantly compared with those of the control and remained at low levels ; CAT activity, however, recovered slightly with further cultivation. In Cymbidium leaves under a high radiant flux, SOD, APX and CAT activities decreased for three months from the onset and of the experiment. At the low radiant flux, APX and CAT activities in Cattleya and Cymbidium leaves increased and sustained their high activities during further cultivation with the exception of SOD of Cattleya. 3. Foliar chlorophyll contents in both orchid hybrids decreased with an increasing radiant flux, yielding high positive correlations to those three enzyme activities. Ratios of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b and β-carotene contents in leaves of Cattleya plants grown at the high radiant flux were markedly low after one month from the onset of shading, but they increased to the same levels as the control after 3 months. In Cymbidium leaves, the ratios and β-carotene contents decreased slightly at the high radiant flux, while at the low radiant flux, both chlorophyll and β-carotene contents increased greatly. Thus, Cattleya plants have a greater potential to adapt to high radiant fluxes than do Cymbidium plants, although these two orchids hybrids do not easily acclimatize to high radiant radiant fluxes but they do readily to low fluxes.
The performance of laying hens on diets using barley as the main energy source

An experiment compared egg production on a diet using a mixture of wheat, barley, and oats as the grain portion, with a diet in which the wheat and oats were replaced with barley. A comparison between sundried and dehydrated lucerne meal was included. A second experiment compared the same formulations of barley and mixed grain diets as used in the first experiment, and a mixed grain diet of higher crude protein content. Replacing wheat and oats with barley in an otherwise unchanged diet did not significantly affect the number of eggs produced but did increase the average egg weight by 1.1 g in both experiments, significantly so in one experiment, but not in the other. Increasing the crude protein content of the mixed grain diet did not significantly affect either egg production or egg weight. Consumption of the barley diet was greater than the mixed grain diets. This increase in consumption was less than would have been expected on the basis of equal energy intakes, indicating that the metabolizable energy value of the barley used was greater than values previously published for barley. No differences were found in performance between sundried and dehydrated lucerne meal.
Ankothrips, the most ancient extant thrips genus (Thysanoptera, Melanthripidae)

Two fossil representatives of the extant genus Ankothrips are described from French amber, namely, the Late Cretaceous Ankothrips dupeae sp. nov., from Vendean amber, and the earliest Eocene Ankothrips deploegi sp. nov., from Oise amber. We discuss the differences between the middle Eocene Baltic amber genus Archankothrips and Ankothrips, concluding that the two genera are extremely similar with only one significant difference in male specimens. The disjunctive distribution of the extant species along with the presence of one Late Cretaceous species strongly suggest an Early Cretaceous origin for Ankothrips. The genus is therefore very ancient and has had a remarkable morphological stability for the last 94 million years. This situation is unique among the Cretaceous thrips, and rare among insects (only c. 3% of the genera in the well‐documented mid‐Cretaceous Burmese amber are still extant). We propose some hypotheses that could explain the stability of Ankothrips through time.
Prevalence, phylogenomic insights, and phenotypic characterization of Salmonella enterica isolated from meats in the Tamale metropolis of Ghana

Abstract Characterization of foodborne pathogens including Salmonella species allows for the determination of their relationship and/or relatedness with others. This study characterized Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) isolated from five meat types (mutton, beef, chevon, guinea fowl, and local chicken) obtained from Tamale metropolis, Ghana. The S. enterica were characterized phenotypically (n = 44) based on their antibiotic resistance pattern with the disc diffusion method and genetically (n = 16) using whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) as well as with bioinformatic analysis for the prediction of their clonal and phylogenomic relationship. Of the 225 meat samples examined, 107 (47.56%) were positive for S. enterica. Mutton was the most contaminated meat type and the least was local chicken. The 44 S. enterica isolates exhibited five different antibiotic patterns with multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index ranging from 0.13 to 0.63. Resistant to only erythromycin was most common and was exhibited by 34 isolates (77.27%). Four isolates were resistant to four different antibiotics (TeAmpSxtECro) with a percentage of 9.09%, while two isolates (4.55%) were resistant to none of the antibiotics. The sequenced S. enterica isolates consisted of 7 serovars and 8 clonal lineages with the S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Hato (ST5308) being the predominate strain. Phylogenomic analysis showed that the isolates clustered according to their serovars and sequence types (clonal lineages). However, further metadata insights coupled with the phylogenomics revealed a complex intraspread of multiple S. enterica subsp. enterica serovars in diverse meat sources in areas in Tamale which is very worrying for infection management. In summary, our study provides useful insights into S. enterica in meat reservoirs obtained from Tamale metropolis, Ghana.
No Added Benefit of Papillary Spraying of Epinephrine over Rectal Indomethacin for Prevention of Post-ERCP Pancreatitis -A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background Pancreatitis is the most common adverse event following Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography, despite rectal administration of indomethacin. Spraying of epinephrine on the duodenal papilla has been proposed as an adjunct to rectal indomethacin for reducing post-ERCP Pancreatitis. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials for the additional protective effect of spraying of papilla with epinephrine while using rectal indomethacin to reduce post-ERCP Pancreatitis. Methods An electronic database search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Google scholar and Cochrane for eligible prospective, randomized studies. The primary outcome comparison of incidence of post-ERCP Pancreatitis in the combination (rectal indomethacin+epinephrine spraying of papilla) vs. control (indomethacin alone) groups, Pooled proportions (%) were calculated using random effects model and I2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity among studies. Results A total of 2243 patients (mean age 57.54 years; 52.2% females) were included from three prospective, randomized studies that met the inclusion criteria and investigated the effect of using a combination of epinephrine spraying with rectal Indomethacin on post-ERCP Pancreatitis. The incidence of post-ERCP Pancreatitis was comparable between the combination and control groups (pooled OR: 1.15, CI: 0.58-2.28, p=0.70). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of severity of post-ERCP Pancreatitis, or rates of difficult or failed cannulation, pancreas duct cannulation, biliary stricture, precut sphincterotomy, or balloon sphincteroplasty (P>0.05). Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis of more than 2000 patients demonstrates a lack of added benefit for the papillary spraying of epinephrine beyond the use of rectal indomethacin to prevent post-ERCP Pancreatitis.
Abundance, distribution and age structure offish populations in a Western Australian estuary

Beach seines, gill nets and otter trawls were used during 1979–81 to sample extensively the fish fauna of the Peel-Harvey estuarine system. Approximately 145,000 individuals were caught, representing 29 familes and 55 species. The Clupeidae, Teraponidae, Mugilidae, Apogonidae, Atherinidae and Gerreidae were the dominant families, each contributing at least 8.9% to the total catch and together contributing 86.2%. Seasonal catch data and length-frequency distributions were used to help clarify the way in which the estuary was utilised by fish. Nine of the 15 most abundant fish species were marine species which entered the estuary for variable periods while the other six were represented by populations in which the individuals were capable of passing through the whole of their life cycle within the estuary. In order of abundance, the nine marine species were Hyperlophus vittatus, Pelates sexlineatus, Aldrichetta forsteri, Mugil cephalus, Torquigener pleurogramma, Favonigobius lateralis, Pranesus ogilbyi, Gymnapistes marmoratus and Sillago schomburgkii, while the six species with estuarine populations were Apogon rueppellii, Atherinosoma elongata, Nematalosa vlaminghi. Atherinosoma wallacei, Cnidoglanis macrocephalus and Amniataba caudavittatus. The extent and seasonality of the distribution of the species within the estuary and associated river systems varied considerably. Evidence is also presented to show that fish tend to move further away from the shallow banks near the shore with increasing age and size. The fish fauna of the Peel-Harvey is compared with those of Cockburn Sound and the estuaries of the Swan-Avon and Blackwood rivers in Western Australia and with Botany Bay in eastern Australia.
Corporate Social Responsibility during the Coronavirus Pandemic: An Interim Overview

The Coronavirus outbreak caught the world by surprise, spreading like wildfire and causing fatal illness to many. The ongoing pandemic and its implications have led to severe global socioeconomic disruption, halting most regular activities. Coping with the pandemic and its horrible consequences required to pull together all resources and unite efforts by individuals, organizations and governments. Businesses have embarked on an effort to support coping with the pandemic in various ways, as aligned with the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The article reviews the various ongoing CSR efforts in the fight against the Coronavirus pandemic, serving better understanding on best CSR practices at times of crisis and in the afterwards ‘new normal’.
How Do Predators Learn to Recognize a Mimetic Complex: Experiments with Naive Great Tits and Aposematic Heteroptera

We tested the importance of innate wariness, avoidance learning, memory and generalization for the formation of predatory behaviour in naive great tits (Parus major) towards mimetic complex of four aposematic species of true bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera): Lygaeus equestris, Spilostethus saxatilis, Pyrrhocoris apterus and Graphosoma lineatum. The birds showed almost no innate wariness against the aposematically coloured bugs, although a hidden wariness elicited by defensive chemicals of some of the bug species is not excluded. Naive birds learned to avoid different species at different rates, which resulted in different prey mortalities. The avoidance learning was faster when the defensive chemicals produced an immediate irritating effect (particularly when squirted into distance – G. lineatum) than when they caused sickness several minutes after the consumption (P. apterus). The experience of birds from learning to avoid a particular species of bug affected their subsequent behaviour to other species – experience with better-defended species resulted in longer attack latencies, more cautious attacks, broader generalization and lower prey mortality. The least defended species, P. apterus, benefited from the experience of birds with better-defended species, whereas the birds' experience with P. apterus did not reduce mortality risk of the other species comparably. Judging from the inexperienced young birds, the mimetic relationships are likely to be quasi-Batesian. However, as wild-caught great tits avoid all the four species to the same extent, the relationships may become more mutualistic (quasi-Mullerian) in later phases of learning under natural conditions. The relationships among species in the mimetic complex thus seem to depend on the amount of experience of the bird predators.
Free Verse and Beyond: How to Classify Post-modern Spoken Poetry

This paper presents the classiﬁcation of rhythmical patterns detected in post-modern spoken poetry by means of machine learning algorithms that use manually engineered features or automatically learnt representations. We used the world's largest corpus of spoken poetry from our partner lyrikline . We identiﬁed nine rhythmical patterns within a spectrum raging from a more ﬂuent to a more disﬂuent poetic style. The text data analyzed by a statistical parser. Prosodic features of rhythmical patterns are iden-tiﬁed by using the parser information. For the classiﬁcation of rhythmical patterns, we used a neural networks-based approach which use text, audio, and pause information between poetic lines as features. Different combinations of features as well as the integration of feature engineering in the neural networks-based approach are tested. We compared the performance of both approaches (feature-based and neural network-based) using combinations of different features. The results show – by using the weighted average of f-measure for the evaluation – that the neural networks-based approach performed much better in clas-siﬁcation of rhythmical patterns. The important improvement of the classiﬁcation results lies in the use of the audio information. The integration of feature engineering in the neural networks-based approach yielded a very small result improvement.
Cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta and tau proteins in atypical Parkinsonism: a review

Progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, multiple system atrophy and dementia with Lewy bodies are the most common causes of atypical Parkinsonism and enter the differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease. multiple system atrophy, dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease are synucleinopathies, whereas progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration are tauopathies. Multiple cerebrospinal fluid markers have been applied on cohorts of patients with Parkinsonism, with the aim to develop biomarkers for these disorders. Total tau (τΤ), phosphorylated tau at threonine 181 (τP-181) and amyloid-beta with 42 amino acids (Aβ42) are considered classical biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of the present study is to review the literature regarding these classical cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in cohorts with Parkinsonism, as well as present data on novel approaches regarding analysis of these proteins.
Spontaneous Chromosome Fragmentation in Maize Microsporocytes

In order to determine the influence of soil acidity on the meiotic behavior of maize microsporocytes, materials not selected for low pH soils consisting of inbred lines, single and double-cross hybrids were cultivated on acid and corrected soils in the Brazilian Central Plateau and in the Southern Region of the country. Cytologic analysis revealed the occurrence of countless chromosome abnormalities, among them figures closely resembling a phenomenon previously described in the literature that affects both mitosis and meiosis. This abnormality is characterized by intense chromosome fragmentation. The phenomenon was spontaneous its phenotypic expression was very intense and its incidence was higher in inbred lines cultivated on acid soil. Possible effects of genotypic and environmental factors are suggested as the origin of this phenomenon.