Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Introduction to Cluster Algebras. Chapter 6

This is a preliminary draft of Chapter 6 of our forthcoming textbook"Introduction to Cluster Algebras. "Chapters 1-3 have been posted as arXiv:1608.05735. Chapters 4-5 have been posted as arXiv:1707.07190. This installment contains: Chapter 6. Cluster structures in commutative rings
Magma Ocean Evolution of the TRAPPIST-1 Planets.

Recent observations of the potentially habitable planets TRAPPIST-1 e, f, and g suggest that they possess large water mass fractions of possibly several tens of weight percent of water, even though the host star's activity should drive rapid atmospheric escape. These processes can photolyze water, generating free oxygen and possibly desiccating the planet. After the planets formed, their mantles were likely completely molten with volatiles dissolving and exsolving from the melt. To understand these planets and prepare for future observations, the magma ocean phase of these worlds must be understood. To simulate these planets, we have combined existing models of stellar evolution, atmospheric escape, tidal heating, radiogenic heating, magma-ocean cooling, planetary radiation, and water-oxygen-iron geochemistry. We present MagmOc, a versatile magma-ocean evolution model, validated against the rocky super-Earth GJ 1132b and early Earth. We simulate the coupled magma-ocean atmospheric evolution of TRAPPIST-1 e, f, and g for a range of tidal and radiogenic heating rates, as well as initial water contents between 1 and 100 Earth oceans. We also reanalyze the structures of these planets and find they have water mass fractions of 0-0.23, 0.01-0.21, and 0.11-0.24 for planets e, f, and g, respectively. Our model does not make a strong prediction about the water and oxygen content of the atmosphere of TRAPPIST-1 e at the time of mantle solidification. In contrast, the model predicts that TRAPPIST-1 f and g would have a thick steam atmosphere with a small amount of oxygen at that stage. For all planets that we investigated, we find that only 3-5% of the initial water will be locked in the mantle after the magma ocean solidified.
Genetic map construction and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis on growth-related traits in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is one of the most widely distributed freshwater species in the world with important values in aquaculture, however, its quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated to growth-related traits have been rarely identified. In this study, using F2 populations derived from a cross between Purse red common carp (C. carpio var. wuyuanensis) and Xingguo red common carp (C. carpio var.singuonensis), a genetic linkage map of common carp based on amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and microsatellite (SSR) markers was constructed, meanwhile QTL analysis were conducted for growth-related traits. A total of 347 AFLP and 22 SSR markers were assembled on the map, which comprised 50 linkage groups and covered 5608.1cM Kosambi. A total of 25 QTLs were identified for growth-related traits, including four QTLs for body weight, one QTL for total length, four QTLs for standard length, six QTLs for body height, eight QTLs for caudal peduncle length and two QTLs for caudal peduncle height, which explained 0.05 to 61.40% of phenotypic variation. Meanwhile, comparison of linkage maps between common carp and zebrafish was also conducted, providing a new insight into the genetic base of the QTL affecting the growth-related traits. This study will be useful for conducting marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding programs in common carp. Key words: Cyprinus carpio, F2 populations, amplified fragment length polymorphisms, microsatellite, quantitative traits locus.
Blind Adaptive Mask to Improve Intelligibility of Non-Stationary Noisy Speech

This letter proposes a novel blind acoustic mask (BAM) designed to adaptively detect noise components and preserve target speech segments in time domain. A robust standard deviation estimator is applied to the non-stationary noisy speech to identify noise masking elements. The main contribution of the proposed solution is the use of this noise statistics to derive an adaptive information to define and select samples with lower noise proportion. Thus, preserving speech intelligibility. Additionally, no information of the target speech and noise signals statistics is previously required to this non-ideal mask. The BAM and three competitive methods, Ideal Binary Mask (IBM), Target Binary Mask (TBM), and Non-stationary Noise Estimation for Speech Enhancement (NNESE), are evaluated considering speech signals corrupted by three non-stationary acoustic noises and six values of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Results demonstrate that the BAM technique achieves intelligibility gains comparable to ideal masks while maintaining good speech quality.
PTT5: Pretraining and validating the T5 model on Brazilian Portuguese data

In natural language processing (NLP), there is a need for more resources in Portuguese, since much of the data used in the state-of-the-art research is in other languages. In this paper, we pretrain a T5 model on the BrWac corpus, an extensive collection of web pages in Portuguese, and evaluate its performance against other Portuguese pretrained models and multilingual models on the sentence similarity and sentence entailment tasks. We show that our Portuguese pretrained models have significantly better performance over the original T5 models. Moreover, we showcase the positive impact of using a Portuguese vocabulary.
Convective differential rotation in stars and planets – I. Theory

We derive the scaling of differential rotation in both slowly and rapidly rotating convection zones using order of magnitude methods. Our calculations apply across stars and fluid planets and all rotation rates, as well as to both magnetized and purely hydrodynamic systems. We find shear |R∇Ω| of order the angular frequency Ω for slowly rotating systems with Ω ≪ |N|, where N is the Brünt–Väisälä frequency, and find that it declines as a power law in Ω for rapidly rotating systems with Ω ≫ |N|. We further calculate the meridional circulation rate and baroclinicity and examine the magnetic field strength in the rapidly rotating limit. Our results are in general agreement with simulations and observations and we perform a detailed comparison with those in a companion paper.
Neural Logic Reasoning

Recent years have witnessed the success of deep neural networks in many research areas. The fundamental idea behind the design of most neural networks is to learn similarity patterns from data for prediction and inference, which lacks the ability of cognitive reasoning. However, the concrete ability of reasoning is critical to many theoretical and practical problems. On the other hand, traditional symbolic reasoning methods do well in making logical inference, but they are mostly hard rule-based reasoning, which limits their generalization ability to different tasks since difference tasks may require different rules. Both reasoning and generalization ability are important for prediction tasks such as recommender systems, where reasoning provides strong connection between user history and target items for accurate prediction, and generalization helps the model to draw a robust user portrait over noisy inputs. In this paper, we propose Logic-Integrated Neural Network (LINN) to integrate the power of deep learning and logic reasoning. LINN is a dynamic neural architecture that builds the computational graph according to input logical expressions. It learns basic logical operations such as AND, OR, NOT as neural modules, and conducts propositional logical reasoning through the network for inference. Experiments on theoretical task show that LINN achieves significant performance on solving logical equations and variables. Furthermore, we test our approach on the practical task of recommendation by formulating the task into a logical inference problem. Experiments show that LINN significantly outperforms state-of-the-art recommendation models in Top-K recommendation, which verifies the potential of LINN in practice.
Tuple-Independent Representations of Infinite Probabilistic Databases

Probabilistic databases (PDBs) are probability spaces over database instances. They provide a framework for handling uncertainty in databases, as occurs due to data integration, noisy data, data from unreliable sources or randomized processes. Most of the existing theory literature investigated finite, tuple-independent PDBs (TI-PDBs) where the occurrences of tuples are independent events. Only recently, Grohe and Lindner (PODS '19) introduced independence assumptions for PDBs beyond the finite domain assumption. In the finite, a major argument for discussing the theoretical properties of TI-PDBs is that they can be used to represent any finite PDB via views. This is no longer the case once the number of tuples is countably infinite. In this paper, we systematically study the representability of infinite PDBs in terms of TI-PDBs and the related block-independent disjoint PDBs. The central question is which infinite PDBs are representable as first-order views over tuple-independent PDBs. We give a necessary condition for the representability of PDBs and provide a sufficient criterion for representability in terms of the probability distribution of a PDB. With various examples, we explore the limits of our criteria. We show that conditioning on first order properties yields no additional power in terms of expressivity. Finally, we discuss the relation between purely logical and arithmetic reasons for (non-)representability.
Investigation of the potential toxic effects of prometryne herbicide on Allium cepa root tip cells with mitotic activity, chromosome aberration, micronucleus frequency, nuclear DNA amount and comet assay

In the present study the potential toxic effect of prometryne herbicide was examined by investigating mitotic index, mitotic phase, chromosomal abnormalities, micronucleus frequency, 2C DNA content, and comet assay on the root tip cells of Allium cepa. The roots were exposed to 2, 3, 4 and 6 g l−1 concentrations within 12, 24 and 36 h. Mitotic index was markedly reduced by prometryne in each treatment group compared with the controls. The frequencies of mitotic phases have been changed. Prometryne significantly increased the anomaly cell percentage at all concentrations and application periods in comparison to their control. Mitotic abnormalities were recorded as disturbed prophase, c-mitosis, stickiness, laggards and chromatid bridges. The micronucleus was observed at interphase and its frequency was calculated in the test solutions used. Prometryne decreased the 2C DNA amount in onion root tips. Furthermore, the comet assay was applied to analyze the single stand breakages. Nearly all of the applied concentrations of prometryne enhanced DNA damage. In many cases negative correlation was found between 2C DNA amount and DNA damage; however, positive correlation was found between micronucleus formation and DNA damage.
Variability parameters for yield and its components in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

High phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) was observed for seed yield per plant followed by number of filled seeds/head, harvest index, number of unfilled seeds/head and 100 seed weight. The characters plant height, days to 50% flowering and days to maturity showed close correspondence between GCV and PCV, while number of unfilled seeds/head, harvest index, number of filled seeds per head and seed yield per plant were the most affected by environment. Selection for seed yield per plant, number of filled seeds/head, 100-seed weight and harvest index, possessing high GCV, heritability and genetic advance are expected to result in genetic improvement for these characters.
Resilience and sustainable drainage: end-of-life Résilience et gestion durable des eaux pluviales : fin de vie

SuDS (Sustainable drainage systems) manage the environmental risks of urban runoff and encourage environmental enhancement where possible. SuDS are efficient at trapping pollutants by accumulating sediment run-off and promoting conditions for water treatment (e.g. geotextiles in porous paving systems). However, previous research on the long term monitoring and fate of SuDS at their end-oflife is scarce. It is not known whether contaminants are capable of reaching receiving water bodies if the threshold of the SuDS capacity to hold pollutants is exceeded and thus, deterioring the water quality of local water courses. End-of-life is defined as the expiration of a SuDS device, where the efficiency to treat pollutants has declined. As certain pollutants are non-degradable, the build up of contaminants could possibly be classified as hazardous waste at end-of-life and a potential risk to human health. It is therefore proposed to assess them for their bioavailability. Additionally, the accumulation of non-degradable contaminants could impact the microbial community in SuDS and affect the biodegradation process in these systems. This is a comprehensive study on the consequences of pollutant storage in SUDs, the effects it has on end-of-life and the classification of the accumulated waste products.
Factors influencing mourning dove nest success in CRP fields

Mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) nest primarily in trees. However, ground nesting is prevalent in the Great Plains region where mourning dove numbers have increased since the mid 1980s when the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) was initiated. We monitored mourning dove nest success in CRP fields in Kansas during 1994 and 1995 to determine if that habitat could be a source for the increased numbers. Mourning dove nest success averaged 56% (n = 90) in our CRP fields. Daily nest survival rates in CRP fields were associated positively with height of live vegetation (P = 0.011) and negatively with percent grass cover (P = 0.001) and percent live vegetation cover (P = 0.005). Management practices that produce sparse overall cover but tall vegetation height may increase mourning dove nest success in CRP fields.
Employees' goal orientations, the quality of leader-member exchange, and the outcomes of job performance and job satisfaction

As hypothesized, data from 170 employees of a Dutch firm showed that the quality of leader-member exchange mediated positive relationships between a mastery orientation and leader-rated in-role job performance, leader-rated innovative job performance, and job satisfaction. In contrast, a performance orientation was negatively related or unrelated to those outcomes. These findings suggest that employees with stronger mastery orientations are more effective on the job because they tend to establish higher-quality exchanges with their supervisors. Important and recurring questions in organizational science are why employees perform well in their jobs and why they are satisfied with their jobs. Achievement goal theory and research suggest that
Lateral humeral condyle fractures in children: a comparison of two approaches to treatment.

Abstract: The treatment of lateral condyle fractures in children remains controversial. This study investigates whether minimally displaced lateral condyle fractures should be treated surgically and compares different techniques of operative management. The authors retrospectively reviewed medical charts and radiographs of 97 children from two international centers whose therapeutic modalities differed, noting demographic data, fracture features, treatment modalities, complications, and clinical and radiographic results. Long-arm immobilization alone resulted in additional fracture displacement and a higher number of nonunions than did surgical management. The authors conclude that displaced fractures should be fixed surgically with two smooth or threaded Kirschner wires; they can pass through the ossific nucleus of the capitellum if necessary, but they must engage the far cortex. If patients are likely to be noncompliant with treatment, the wires should be buried under the skin to avoid the risk of infection, but this procedure necessitates a second surgery for removal of fixation.
Mule deer and elk food habits on the National Bison Range.

The reduction program of surplus elk and mule deer on the National Bison Range in western Montana in 1951 and 1952 provided an opportunity to determine the relative food habits of these two game species (Cervus canadensis and Odocoileus hemionus) on a range that is predominantly grassland. The Pauline pasture was selected as a source of animals. It is 5,566 acres in size. It contains the principal forage species and plant-cover types of the Bison Range and is accessible throughout the year. Fig. 1 illustrates the extent and distribution of the main cover types. The grassland consists largely of Palouse Prairie vegetation, with bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum) as the principal species. The forested portion of the pasture is predominantly Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [P. taxifolia]) on northern exposures and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) on the southern exposures. Swales and drainage courses contain snowberry (Symphoricarpos occidentalis) and hawthorn ( Crataegus douglasii). Rocky outcrops and stony areas give rise to scattered stands of chokecherry (Prunus demissa), serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia), and mockorange (Philadelphus lewisii). Rocky Mountain maple (Acer glabrum) is commonly found as an understory species in the forest type. Ninebark (Physocarpus malvaceus) is abundant at the margins of the Douglas-fir type. Fig. 2 shows the arrangement of types relative to the topography of the pasture.
The Hyobranchial Skeleton in Some Little Known Lizards and Snakes

The structure of the hyobranchial skeleton in some burrowing lizards and snakes is analyzed and compared. Anniella is shown to retain hypohyal processes. In Dibamus the hypohyal processes are specialized to support an anterior extension of the aditus laryngis. The only lizards having lost hypohyal processes are those of the genera Acontophiops and Typhlosaurus. These lizards approach primitive and advanced snakes respectively in hyoid structure, and support the view that the hyoid cornua of the alethinophidian hyobranchium correspond to elongated posterolateral limbs of the basihyal which replace the first ceratobranchials. The hyoid of Lan- thanotus bears no special similarity to that of snakes.
Clinical Application of Miniscrew Implant anchorage for anterior teeth intrusion Treatment

目的 介绍微型自攻钛钉种植体用于正畸支抗的临床经验,评价自攻型微型钛钉种植体作为垂直向支抗压低前牙的有效性. 材料方法在26例采用微型自攻钛钉种植体作为支抗手段的临床病例中,选择3名患者(年龄20-25岁),均表现为上颌或下颌前部牙齿槽发育过度,采用微型种植体支抗压低前牙. 种植体植入上颌中切牙和侧切牙之间的牙槽间隔或下颌侧切牙和尖牙之间的牙槽间隔,每侧以50克力压低前牙. 比较压低治疗前后的X线头颅侧位片,测量前牙切缘的压低量和转矩的改变量. 结果所有病例治疗后前牙覆(牙合)达到正常,切缘平均压低4. 3毫米,转矩平均增加9. 8度. 治疗过程中所有微型种植体均保持了稳定,种植体周围软组织健康. 结论微型自攻钛钉种植体能够作为稳定的骨性正畸支抗,压低前牙,改善覆(牙合)和龈笑. 并且具有操作简单灵活,可即刻加力,不依赖患者合作的优势。
Investigation on Development of Zein Antimicrobial Edible Film and Essential oil of Zataria multiflora Boiss. on Salmonella enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Active packaging is a type of packaging that can control or react to things arranged inside the packaging. In this case some types of active packaging will control the temperature inside the packaging while others control the moisture levels. It can also have systems that are antimicrobial, which extend the shelf life of their contents without the need of additives. An antimicrobial active packaging is made by incorporating antimicrobial agents in food packages. The film containing antimicrobial/antioxidant agents are a type of active packaging, which is designed mainly to control microbial and chemical spoilage of food. In this study, antimicrobial/antioxidant zein films are developed by incorporation of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil (ZEO). Zataria multiflora Boiss. is a plant that belongs to the Lamiaceae family and grows only in Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The antimicrobial activities of the plant are also well established against a wide variety of bacteria. Ayana et al. studied the antimicrobial effect of the methylcellulose (MC) films containing (% 0.5-3 w/v) olive leaf extract and glycerol (% 1.6 v/v). The results show the films were effective to decrease the amount of the St. aureus (ATCC 25923). The olive leaf extract in the films caused a reduce in the water vapour permeability and elongation (E), Investigation on Development of Zein Antimicrobial Edible Film and Essential Oil of Zataria multiflora Boiss. on Sallmonella enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus†
Human health risks associated with heavy metals in soil in different areas of San Luis Potosí, México

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to develop a health risk assessment in different areas of San Luis Potosí, México. Four heavy metals (arsenic, mercury, cadmium, and lead) were analyzed in soil from communities assessed. The mean arsenic concentration was significantly higher (p < .05) in the city of San Luis Potosí (51.85 mg/kg) compared to the other assessed areas (5.52–8.43 mg/kg). For cadmium, the mean concentration was significantly higher (p < .05) in Santa Maria Picula (7.46 mg/kg) than in the other areas (3.72–4.15 mg/kg). Regarding mercury levels, a significantly higher (p < .05) mean concentration was found in Mezquitic (1.54 mg/kg) compared to other areas (0.56–0.81 mg/kg). Lastly, when comparing the mean lead concentration in the city of San Luis Potosí (108 mg/kg), it was found to be significantly lower (p < .05) than in other areas (219–227 mg/kg). Subsequently, a probabilistic health risk assessment was performed, ingestion was the major exposure pathway for all four metals. Maximum cumulative hazard index (HI) values showed higher risk in all sampled locations (HIs > 1.0), suggesting that these sites can pose a non-carcinogenic risk to the populations (children) living in those areas. This study highlights the necessity of establishing a biomonitoring program for the surveillance of the child populations living in the assessed locations.
What You Don't Know Can't Hurt You: The Interactive Relationship between Leader-Member Exchange and Perceptions of Politics on Job Satisfaction

Perceptions of politics have been proposed and found to have a negative impact on an individual’s level of job satisfaction. However, it is possible that under certain conditions, the negative effect may be exacerbated. That is, the politics-job satisfaction relationship may be moderated by other variables. One possible moderator of this relationship is the quality of the supervisor-subordinate relationship. This contention was tested in two organizational samples of 466 and 418 employees and support was found for relationship quality as a moderator of the politics-job satisfaction relationship in both samples.