Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Climate behavior of a rabbit barn in Central Mexico by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

Abstract. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a numerical analysis that combined with experimentation, provides robust results regarding the description of wind dynamics. Since wind dynamics is one of the main factors in heat and mass transfer for biosystems, it is possible to infer about the behavior of gases like water vapor and ammonia distribution in the air. By using the CFD techniques, the objective of this study was to describe the effect of the natural ventilation system on the inside climatic conditions of a rabbit barn, typical of Central Mexico region. This type of production systems experience critical environmental conditions during the periods of time with high insolation, which produces high temperatures and a reduction of the relative humidity; consequently, increasing the ammonia concentration. High concentrations of ammonia increase the dead rate of rabbits. An efficient ventilation system would be capable of keeping adequate levels of temperature, relative humidity and ammonia by producing a ventilation rate higher than 20 Vol h -1 . The farm is located at the Autonomous University of Chapingo, Mexico, with dimensions of 24x4.8x6. 5m (length x width x height) and had a population density of 20 rabbits m -2 . A climate monitoring system including radiation, air temperature, soil temperature, and wind speed and direction sensors, was installed during summer of 2012 to validate the model of this study. Additionally, a weather station was continuously monitoring outside climatic conditions. Results showed a drastic reduction in the ventilation rate as a function of wind direction, being 5 kg s -1 if it was normal to side vents and 0.004 kg s -1 if it was parallel to them. Consequently, higher concentrations of ammonia were registered under the second scenario, which highlights the importance of the orientation and dimensions of the farm on the rabbit production.
A coupled regional climate model for the Lake Victoria basin of East Africa

A nested coupled model has been developed to investigate the two‐way interactions between the regional climate of eastern Africa and Lake Victoria. The atmospheric component of the model is the North Carolina State University (NCSU) version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) regional climate model (NCSU‐RegCM2). The lake component of the model is based on the Princeton ocean model (POM).
Nanostructured Carbon from Biomass as a Catalyst for Energy Conversion Devices

The growth in demand for CO2 free energy sources stimulates the development of more metal-air batteries (MABs) and sustainable catalyst alternatives from renewable or waste resources. In this project some abattoir wastes were applied to obtain porous carbon-based bifunctional electrocatalysts for the MABs. The porous carbon structure obtained from bones were functionalised with transition metals to improve electrocatalyst activities toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), occurring in rechargeable MAB cathodes. The obtained electrocatalysts provide a more economical and sustainable alternative for commercially used catalysts proceeding from platinum on carbon black (Pt-C). Catalysts synthesised from bone decorated with transition metals (Fe, Co) could demonstrate eminent ORR and OER activity. Specifically, ORR attained a 4 electron-transfer similar to Pt-C with more positive onset potential (0.92 vs 0.82, NHE). For the OER, better performance was observed with an onset potential of
Tertiary Magmatic Evolution of the Maricunga Mineral Belt in Chile

Late Oligocene-Early Miocene volcanic activity along the magmatic front of the south Central Andes in Northern Chile was associated with the formation of epithermal gold-silver deposits in the Maricunga mineral belt (28° S to 26° S). Magmatic activity began at approximately 26 Ma and lasted until ∼ 6 Ma, when the volcanic front migrated eastward. The evolution of the centers within the belt reflects crustal thickening associated with the dramatic tectonic changes in the Central Andes that occurred as the subducting Nazca plate changed shape and caused modifications in the overlying crust and lithospheric mantle. Among these changes were the cessation of volcanism in the “flat-slab” to the south and the uplift of the Puna plateau to the east. Within this setting, Maricunga-belt magmatism can be viewed in five magmatic-tectonic episodes. The first was a Late-Oligocene to Early-Miocene (26 to 20 Ma) episode, during which volcanic complexes erupted over a moderately dipping subduction zone through a ∼ 45-km-t.
Soft Mud Properties: Voigt Model

Laboratory tests show that the selected muds, with sediment concentration from 150 to 500 g/l, can resist shear force even after they were severely disturbed. These tests were conducted to clarify why the Voigt element, a simple viscoelastic model, was selected to model the response of mud beds in the wave erosion tests. The viscoelastic constants (shear modulus and viscosity) of the selected sediments were also obtained. The shear modulus increases with the dry density and might reach to a plateau. Inasmuch as the different physical meaning of the viscosity for a viscous fluid and for a viscoelastic material, the viscosity decreases when increasing the dry density, but it decreases when the density is less than a specific value.
Stochastic Analysis of Unsaturated Flow in Heterogeneous Soils: 2. Statistically Anisotropic Media With Variable α

Steady unsaturated flow in heterogeneous soil with an arbitrarily oriented mean hydraulic gradient is analyzed using spectral solutions of the stochastic perturbation equation which describes the capillary pressure head ψ. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is related to ψ by K = Ks exp (−αψ), where Ks is the saturated hydraulic conductivity and α is a soil parameter, and both Ks and α are treated as three-dimensional statistically homogeneous, anisotropic random fields. Analytical results are obtained for the capillary pressure head variance and the effective (mean) unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. The head variance depends upon the degree of anisotropy of the ln Ks covariance; when α is random, the head variance increases with mean capillary pressure head. The effective hydraulic conductivity for arbitrary orientation of the mean hydraulic gradient J is shown to have tensorial properties, but its components depend on the magnitude and direction of J and the orientation of the stratification in the soil. When α is random, the degree of anisotropy of the effective conductivity depends strongly on mean capillary pressure.
Electronic and Structural Differences between Wurtzite and Zinc Blende InAs Nanowire Surfaces: Experiment and Theory

We determine the detailed differences in geometry and band structure between wurtzite (Wz) and zinc blende (Zb) InAs nanowire (NW) surfaces using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and photoemission electron microscopy. By establishing unreconstructed and defect-free surface facets for both Wz and Zb, we can reliably measure differences between valence and conduction band edges, the local vacuum levels, and geometric relaxations to the few-millielectronvolt and few-picometer levels, respectively. Surface and bulk density functional theory calculations agree well with the experimental findings and are used to interpret the results, allowing us to obtain information on both surface and bulk electronic structure. We can thus exclude several previously proposed explanations for the observed differences in conductivity of Wz-Zb NW devices. Instead, fundamental structural differences at the atomic scale and nanoscale that we observed between NW surface facets can explain the device behavior.
Pyroxenite Dykes in Orogenic Peridotite from North Qaidam (NE Tibet, China) Track Metasomatism and Segregation in the Mantle Wedge

The early stages of magmatic processes operating at mantle depths beneath continental arcs are poorly known. The chemical compositions of minerals and rocks, mineral Sr^Nd^Hf^O isotopes and zircon U^Pb ages of garnet clinopyroxenite dykes from the Shenglikou peridotite massif (North Qaidam Orogen, NE Tibet, China) were studied to constrain their sources and genesis, and the dynamic processes that controlled pyroxenite formation beneath an early Paleozoic active continental margin. Major-element compositions of bulkrocks suggest that the pyroxenitic protoliths were cumulates segregated from a melt, which was extracted from a peridotite-dominated mantle source. Bulk-rock and mineral trace-element patterns show strong enrichment in fluid-mobile elements (e.g. Cs, Rb, Ba,Th, U, K, Pb and Li) and marked negative anomalies in the high field strength elements relative to rare earth elements, similar to the characteristics of melts derived from a volatile-rich subarc mantle. Enriched Sr and Nd initial isotopic compositions at 500Ma (Sr/Sr of 0 70919^0 71774 and eNd of 16 3 to 3 4) are in contrast to the highly radiogenic Hf isotope compositions (similar to those of the depleted-mantle reservoir) and to the uncontaminated upper-mantle dOV-SMOW (garnet: 5 6 0 3o, 2SD, n1⁄4 61; zircon: 5 9 0 3o, 2SD, n1⁄4 28). These decoupled isotopic signatures suggest that the melt source was located in a convective mantle wedge (controlling the Hf and O isotopes) that had been pervasively metasomatized by fluids from a subducted ProtoTethys oceanic slab (controlling the Sr^Nd isotopes and highly incompatible elements). Zircons with two groups of U^Pb ages (430 5Ma and 401 7Ma) were generated by recrystallization events, corresponding to UHP metamorphism and a major uplift stage during the North Qaidam orogeny, respectively.The combined evidence reveals a picture of continental arc magmatism at mantle depths and subsequent continental collision. The subduction of the Proto-Tethys oceanic slab beneath the southern Qilian margin triggered flux melting of the metasomatized convective mantle wedge and generated hydrous arc magmas. These primitive magmas intruded into the overlying lithospheric mantle and segregated the cumulates parental to the Shenglikou pyroxenites. Subsequent continental subduction incorporated fragments of the mantle-wedge peridotite (containing pyroxenite dykes) at 430Ma and carried them to shallow depths during exhumation at 400Ma.
Evidence for the continued existence of Abraxas Lake, Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica during the Last Glacial Maximum

Abstract Evidence is provided from a sediment core from saline Abraxas Lake, Vestfold Hills, that indicates that the lake existed through the Last Glacial Maximum. It can therefore be concluded that at least part of the Vestfold Hills also remained ice-free through the Last Glacial Maximum, or at most was covered by a thin, non-erosive cold-based ice sheet. The evidence for the continued existence of Abraxas Lake includes a 14C date that significantly predates the Last Glacial Maximum (though this cannot be considered direct proof of the existence of the lake prior to the Last Glacial Maximum); the presence of saline porewater throughout the core, including in compacted sediments deposited during the glacial period, which implies that the lake obtained its salt prior to any Holocene marine highstand; and the occurrence of marine-derived fauna from the onset of significant biological activity late in the Pleistocene. The occurrence of ice-free land in the Vestfold Hills and similar oases suggests that the margin of the polar ice cap did not reach far beyond its current position at the Last Glacial Maximum, at least in regions now occupied by these oases.
Future changes in the Mediterranean water budget projected by an ensemble of regional climate models

The Mediterranean basin is a region characterized by its vulnerability to changes in the water cycle. Hence, the impact of global warming on the water resources in the Mediterranean zone is one of the major concerns for the scientific community. The future climate projections used to elaborate the IPCC report of 2007 show great alterations in the evaporation and precipitation over the Mediterranean Sea at the end of 21st century. In this work we investigate the changes in the Mediterranean Sea water budget by using SRES‐A1B scenario experiments performed with high resolution (25 km) regional climate models (RCMs). The RCMs provide good estimates of the water budget components, in particular with a significant improvement of the runoff and Black Sea discharge terms compared to the coarser resolution general circulation models (GCMs) used in the last Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC) report. As for the case of GCMs, the RCMs show that the Mediterranean water budget is likely to be significantly altered at the end of 21st century. The response of the hydrological variables to global warming starts to be statistically significant from 2050, though some alterations are already observed before 2050. The RCMs predict an increase of evaporation, and a decrease of precipitation, and river and Black Sea discharge, yielding to a large increase of the Mediterranean fresh water deficit. The freshwater deficit for the period 2070–2099 related to 1950–1999 presents a mean increase of +40% for both RCMs and GCMs.
Triggered non‐similar slip events on repeating earthquake asperities: Results from 3D numerical simulations based on a friction law

We investigated the changes in slip rate and recurrence interval of repeating earthquakes using 3‐D numerical simulations of a subduction zone involving large and small asperities and based on a rate‐ and state‐dependent friction law. Our results reveal that the postseismic slip of a large earthquake can trigger an event at a nearby small asperity, although the event may differ to other repeating earthquakes at the asperity because the slip velocity of the event tends to be slower than that of other repeaters; the slip distribution also differs. These results probably explain the observation that the slip amount estimated from repeating earthquake analyses tends to be smaller than that estimated from GPS analyses for large amounts of postseismic slip, as observed for postseismic activity following the 2003 Tokachi‐oki earthquake.
Online and social media recruitment: Hospitality employer and prospective employee considerations

Purpose – This paper aims to reflect on issues concerning online and social media recruitment in hospitality organisations. It considers the implications for employers and prospective employees, discussing areas of mutual relevance. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on existing research to examine the subject of online and social media recruitment. Secondary sources are used to provide a framework for the consideration of online and social media recruitment for hospitality organisations. A model for understanding online- and social media-empowered hospitality recruitment is proposed. Findings – Considerations for employers include website attributes, issues of fairness in the recruitments process and brand reputation. For prospective employees, the considerations centre on public and private online profiles. Considerations common to both include the value of an online presence, the blurring of boundaries in online information and legal implications. Research limitations/implications – This is .
Global isoscapes for δ 18 O and δ 2 H in precipitation: improved prediction using regionalized climatic regression models

Abstract. A regionalized cluster-based water isotope prediction (RCWIP) approach, based on the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP), was demonstrated for the purposes of predicting point- and large-scale spatio-temporal patterns of the stable isotope composition (δ2H, δ18O) of precipitation around the world. Unlike earlier global domain and fixed regressor models, RCWIP predefined 36 climatic cluster domains and tested all model combinations from an array of climatic and spatial regressor variables to obtain the best predictive approach to each cluster domain, as indicated by root-mean-squared error (RMSE) and variogram analysis. Fuzzy membership fractions were thereafter used as the weights to seamlessly amalgamate results of the optimized climatic zone prediction models into a single predictive mapping product, such as global or regional amount-weighted mean annual, mean monthly, or growing-season δ18O/δ2H in precipitation. Comparative tests revealed the RCWIP approach outperformed classical global-fixed regression–interpolation-based models more than 67% of the time, and clearly improved upon predictive accuracy and precision. All RCWIP isotope mapping products are available as gridded GeoTIFF files from the IAEA website ( www.iaea.org/water ) and are for use in hydrology, climatology, food authenticity, ecology, and forensics.
Space matters: the relational power of mobile technologies

The ubiquitous presence of mobile telephony and proliferation of digital networks imply a critical role for these technologies in overcoming the constraints of space in fragmented cities. Academic literature draws from a range of disciplines but fails to address the significance of new technologies for African and South African cities. Debates on technologies and urban spaces reflect a Northern bias and case literature that dwells on the developmental aspects of ICT do not engage with the broader significance with regards to urban change in African cities. This research addresses these gaps by examining the local transformative qualities of mobile telephony in a South African city, Durban. It focuses on the ways in which informal traders active in the city use technology. Actor-network theory was used in the analysis of the field work, uncovering material and human actors, network stabilization processes and agency in determining the transformative potential of this form of digital networking at city and local scales. Findings indicate that appropriation of technology is informed by livelihood strategies. Innovation is enabled when translation extends to appropriation. More in-depth research is needed on how technology is molded and appropriated to suit livelihoods. Throughout the research the spatial dimensions of the relationship between mobile telephony and networks were considered. The network spaces that emerge from actor relations do not correspond with the physical spaces usually considered in policy.
Gender, Space, and Drunkenness: Liverpool's Licensed Premises, 1860–1914

The British licensing system regulated public houses both as social centers and as providers of alcohol. In the northern port city of Liverpool—which police statistics consistently showed to be one of the most drunken cities in Britain—the spatial technology of licensing worked to shape drinking and drunkenness with a particular emphasis on the regulation of female drinking. Between 1850 and 1915 women accounted for 40 percent of all apprehensions for drunkenness in the city. Women who entered public houses were subjected to greater public scrutiny than men, and the law also helped construct the pub as a masculine space. Social reformers also played a crucial role in shaping public debates about licensing and licensed premises. Allied to concerns about prostitution, subsequent attempts to prevent women from using pubs risked encouraging private drinking. In this way, changes to licensed space influenced behavior even in unlicensed and thus formally unregulated spaces such as the home, where the consumption of alcohol could not be controlled in the same way as in the public house. Although its decisions and policies seemed only to apply to public houses, the licensing system played a much broader role in the gendered construction and consumption of urban space.
Bed slope effects on turbulent wave boundary layers: 1. Model validation and quantification of rough‐turbulent results

[1] A numerical model solving incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, combined with a two-equation k-ω turbulence closure, is used to study converging-diverging effects from a sloping bed on turbulent (oscillatory) wave boundary layers. Bed shear stresses from the numerical model are first validated against hydraulically smooth and rough data from flat bed experiments in the form of wave friction factor diagrams. The results show that the model provides acceptable accuracy for wave orbital amplitude to roughness length ratios a/kN ≥ 20. Validation against experimental measurements for steady streaming induced by a skewed free stream velocity signal is also provided. We then simulate a series of experiments involving oscillatory flow in a convergent-divergent smooth tunnel, and a good match with respect to bed shear stresses and streaming velocities is achieved. The streaming is conceptually explained using analogies from steady converging and diffuser flows. A parametric study is undertaken to assess both the peak and time-averaged bed shear stresses in converging and diverging half periods under rough-turbulent conditions. The results are presented as friction factor diagrams. A local similarity condition is derived for relating oscillatory flow in a convergent-divergent tunnel, as considered herein, to shoaling shallow-water waves by matching spatial gradients in the free stream orbital length.
The formation factor of reconstructed porous media

The porosity and the autocorrelation function of the pore space are measured on thin sections of Fontainebleau sandstones. This information is used to generate artificial porous media which share these statistical properties. The Laplace equation is numerically solved to determine the formation factor, or equivalently the electrical conductivity. With no adjustable constant, the predicted formation factors were found to be in acceptable agreement with the experimental ones.
Geomorphology of a Degrading Arctic Delta, Sermilik, South-East Greenland

Niels Nielsen: Geomorphology of a Degrading Arctic Delta, Sermilik, South-East Greenland. Geografisk Tiddskrift, Danish Journal of Geography 94:xx–xx. Copenhagen, Dec. 1994. An arctic delta at the Sermilik Station (65°41′ N., 37°49′ W.), Ammassalik Island, S-E Greenland has been studied including its geomorphology, sediments, dynamics and evolution. The fluvial system is fed by a retreating glacier (30 km2) and compraises an alluvial valley (1.6 km long) and a lobate delta (0.8 km2). The river discharges into a polar sea, which is ice-bound for about 7–8 months a year and with abundant icebergs during the summer. Albeit exposed to the very stormy Denmark Strait, low wave energy conditions prevail, because of the presence of floating ice. Yet major wave-built coastal structures: barriers, tombolos and swash bars, strongly influenced by macro tidal conditions, are superimposed on the delta flat. Recent investigations indicate that the alluvial valley now acts as a sink for glacial discharge of coarse clasti.