Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonanatomical Reduction of Femoral Neck Fractures in Young Patients (≤65 Years Old) with Internal Fixation Using Three Parallel Cannulated Screws

Purpose The study is aimed at investigating the association between different reduction classifications (anatomic reduction, positive buttress position reduction, and negative buttress position reduction) and two end points (complications and reoperations). Methods The study retrospectively analyzed 110 patients undergoing internal fixation with three parallel cannulated screws from January 2012 to January 2019 in Huashan Hospital. Based on the principles of the “Gotfried reduction,” all enrolled patients were divided into three groups: anatomic reduction, positive buttress position reduction, and negative buttress position reduction intraoperatively or immediately after surgery. Clinical characteristics including age, sex, side, Garden classification, Pauwels classification, fracture level, reduction classification, Garden alignment index angles, cortical thickness index (CTI), tip-caput distance (TCD), angle of the inferior screw, and the two ending points (complications and reoperations) were included in the statistical analysis. The Mann-Whitney U-test, the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and multiple logistic regression analysis were used in the study. Results Of the 110 patients included in our study, the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of age was 51.4 ± 10.4 years; 41 patients showed anatomic reduction, 35 patients showed positive buttress position reduction, and 34 patients showed negative buttress position reduction. For the outcomes, 24 patients (anatomic reduction: 6 [14.6%]; positive buttress position reduction: 5 [14.3%]; negative buttress position reduction: 13 [38.2%]) had complications, while 18 patients (anatomic reduction: 5 [12.2%]; positive buttress position reduction: 3 [8.6%]; negative buttress position reduction: 10 [29.4%]) underwent reoperations after surgery. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis of complications, negative buttress position reduction (negative buttress position reduction vs. anatomic reduction, OR = 4.309, 95%CI = 1.137 to 16.322, and p = 0.032) was found to be correlated with higher risk of complications. The same variable (negative buttress position reduction vs. anatomic reduction, OR = 5.744, 95%CI = 1.177 to 28.042, and p = 0.031) was also identified as risk factor in the multivariate logistic regression analysis of reoperations. However, no significant difference between positive reduction and anatomical reduction was investigated in the analysis of risk factors for complications, not reoperations. Conclusion Positive buttress position reduction of femoral neck fractures in young patients showed a similar incidence of complications and reoperations compared with those of anatomic reduction. For irreversible femoral neck fractures, if positive buttress position reduction has been achieved intraoperatively, it is not necessary to pursue anatomical reduction; however, negative reduction needs to be avoided.
Toxic Prediction of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids and Structure-Dependent Induction of Apoptosis in HepaRG Cells

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are common phytotoxins and could cause liver genotoxicity/carcinogenicity following metabolic activation. However, the toxicity of different structures remains unclear due to the wide variety of PAs. In this study, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) of 40 PAs were analyzed, and their toxicity was predicted by Komputer Assisted Technology (TOPKAT) using Discovery Studio software. The in silico results showed that all PAs except retronecine had good intestinal absorption, and all PAs were predicted to have different toxicity ranges. To verify the predictive results, 4 PAs were selected to investigate cell injury and possible mechanisms of the differentiation in HepaRG cells, including retronecine type of twelve-membered cyclic diester (retrorsine), eleven-membered cyclic diester (monocrotaline), noncyclic diester (retronecine), and platynecine type (platyphylline). After 24 h exposure, retronecine-type PAs exhibited concentration-dependent cytotoxicity. The high-content screening assay showed that cell oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the concentration of calcium ions increased, and neutral lipid metabolism was changed notably in HepaRG cells. Induced apoptosis by PAs was indicated by cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, disrupting the mitochondrial membrane potential. Overall, our study revealed structure-dependent cytotoxicity and apoptosis after PA exposure, suggesting that the prediction results of in silico have certain reference values for compound toxicity. A 1,2-membered cyclic diester seems to be a more potent apoptosis inducer than other PAs.
Inactivation of Clinically Frequently Used Antimicrobial Agents By BacT/ALERT FAN Plus and BACTEC Aerobic and Anaerobic Culture Media in Simulated Blood Cultures: First Comparative Evaluation in China Mainland

Purpose To evaluate the antimicrobial inactivation capabilities of BacT/ALERT (FA Plus and FN Plus) and BACTEC (Plus Aerobic/F and Lytic/10 Anaerobic/F) media. Patients and Methods The inactivation capabilities of the commercial blood culture media were compared using 21 microorganism-antimicrobial combinations in simulated adult blood cultures. Results BacT/ALERT culture media demonstrated higher detection rates than the BACTEC culture media. The recovery rates of the aerobic bottles were 74/115 (64.3%) for FA Plus bottles and 64/115 (55.7%) for BACTEC Aerobic Plus bottles. The BacT/ALERT FAN Plus culture media exhibited a shorter time to detection (TTD). The TTD of FA Plus media was 14.7 h, 4.85 h shorter than the BACTEC Aerobic media (19.55 h), while the TTDs of FN Plus media and BACTEC Anaerobic media were 16.8 h and 18.4 h, respectively. Conclusion BacT/ALERT (FA Plus and FN Plus) media showed relative, but not absolute, advantages, as it had higher detection rates and shorter TTD and thus can be selectively applied to patients with prior use of antimicrobial agents before blood culture samples are taken.
Phenols and lactones in Italo-Mitcham peppermint oil Mentha * piperita L

In the acidic fractions of Italo-Mitcham black peppermint oil (Mentha × piperita L.), some uncommon phenols, carboxylic acids and lactones have been identified, mostly related to menthone. The cis/trans isomers of 2,6-dimethyl-heptan-5-olide (19 and 20) and the (6R)-5,6-dihydro-3,6-dimethyl-benzol[b]furan-7(4H)-one (27) are new compounds, their structures have been proved by syntheses; the three diastereoisomers of perhydro-3,6-dimethyl-benzo[b]furan-2-one, 16, 17 and 18 as well as 2-isopropenyl-5-methylphenol (1), have not yet been identified in a natural raw material. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Associations among Dietary Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, the Gut Microbiota, and Intestinal Immunity

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs), which are essential fatty acids that humans should obtain from diet, have potential benefits for human health. In addition to altering the structure and function of cell membranes, omega-3 PUFAs (docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA)) exert different effects on intestinal immune tolerance and gut microbiota maintenance. Firstly, we review the effect of omega-3 PUFAs on gut microbiota. And the effects of omega-3 PUFAs on intestinal immunity and inflammation were described. Furthermore, the important roles of omega-3 PUFAs in maintaining the balance between gut immunity and the gut microbiota were discussed. Additional factors, such as obesity and diseases (NAFLD, gastrointestinal malignancies or cancer, bacterial and viral infections), which are associated with variability in omega-3 PUFA metabolism, can influence omega-3 PUFAs–microbiome–immune system interactions in the intestinal tract and also play roles in regulating gut immunity. This review identifies several pathways by which the microbiota modulates the gut immune system through omega-3 PUFAs. Omega-3 supplementation can be targeted to specific pathways to prevent and alleviate intestinal diseases, which may help researchers identify innovative diagnostic methods.
Tocilizumab in Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Critical Illness: A Propensity Matched Analysis

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objectives: The primary objective was to evaluate ICU mortality at 28 days in patients with severe hypoxemic respiratory failure due to coronavirus disease 2019 infection who received tocilizumab. The secondary objectives were to evaluate ICU-, hospital-, mechanical ventilation-, and vasopressor-free days at day 28 and development of secondary infections. Design: Retrospective, observational, multicenter, cohort study between March 15, 2020, and May 31, 2020. Using propensity score matching based on ICU admission source, C-reactive protein, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, vasopressor use, age, race, weight, and mechanical ventilation, patients who received tocilizumab were matched to patients who did not receive tocilizumab. Setting: Ten hospitals within the Cleveland Clinic Enterprise. PATIENTS: Adult patients admitted to a medical, surgical, neurosciences, or mixed ICU with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Four-hundred forty-four patients were included: 342 patients (77%) did not receive tocilizumab and 102 patients (23%) received tocilizumab. Of those, 82 patients in each arm were matched. Before matching, patients who received tocilizumab had higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores (6.1 ± 3.4 vs 4.7 ± 3.6), higher C-reactive protein (21.0 ± 10.2 vs 13.7 ± 9.6 mg/dL), higher frequency of intubation, vasopressor requirement, and paralytics. After matching, characteristics were more balanced and over 85% of patients required mechanical ventilation. ICU mortality was lower in tocilizumab group (23.2% vs 37.8%; risk difference, –15%; 95% CI, –29% to –1%), with more ICU-, hospital-, and vasoactive-free days at day 28 compared with those who did not receive tocilizumab. There was no difference in mechanical ventilation-free days at day 28 or development of secondary infections. Conclusions: Tocilizumab use was associated with a significant decrease in ICU mortality in critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients with severe hypoxemic respiratory failure. Future randomized controlled trials limited to tocilizumab administration in critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients, with severe hypoxemic respiratory failure, are needed to support these findings.
The Impact of Schoolyard Greening on Children’s Physical Activity and Socioemotional Health: A Systematic Review of Experimental Studies

Access to green schoolyards (schoolyards designed with greenery and natural elements to create a park-like environment, as opposed to asphalt-based playgrounds) are associated with many benefits for students, including improvements in physical and mental health. While many studies examining these associations are cross-sectional, some feature experimental designs that offer the possibility of causal inference. In this review, we looked at experimental studies that examine the impact of schoolyard greening on measures of physical activity and socioemotional health in children. Four electronic databases (Ovid Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus and Greenfile) were searched, and from 1843 articles retrieved, 6 articles met the inclusion criteria. Examination of the eligible studies revealed a general consensus on the positive impact of schoolyard greening on both physical activity and socioemotional health outcomes for students, suggesting that schoolyard greening is a viable intervention in reducing the health equity gaps and improving children’s health regardless of their racial or ethnic backgrounds or residential neighborhood socioeconomic status. Further experimental research on this topic should elucidate how educators, administrators, policy makers, and other stakeholders can harness the benefits of schoolyard greening to improve the health and well-being of children in their communities.
Z-Guggulsterone Induces Apoptosis in Gastric Cancer Cells through the Intrinsic Mitochondria-Dependent Pathway

Background To study the effects of z-guggulsterone on gastric cancer cell apoptosis and the mechanism related. Materials and Methods Human gastric tumor SGC-7901 cells and GES-1 normal epithelial cells were treated with z-guggulsterone (0–75 μM) for 24 h. MTT assay was applied to evaluate cell proliferation. Flow cytometry and Hoechst staining were used to assess cell apoptosis. Western blotting was applied to evaluate FXR, small heterodimer partner (SHP), Bcl-2, and Bax protein expression. ELISA was applied to gain the levels of active caspase-3 and the contents of TNF-α, TGF-β1, and VEGF. Results The expression levels of FXR and SHP were higher in tumor cells than in normal epithelial cells. Inhibition of FXR signaling with z-guggulsterone dose-dependently inhibited SGC-7901 cell proliferation and promoted SGC-7901 cell apoptosis. Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly decreased, and active caspase-3 and Bax protein expression was increased in SGC-7901 cells incubated with z-guggulsterone. The content of TNF-α was significantly increased, and the contents of VEGF and TGF-β1 were decreased in SGC-7901 cells incubated with z-guggulsterone. Conclusions Inhibition of FXR signaling with z-guggulsterone induced anticancer effects in SGC-7901 cells by decreasing cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. Z-guggulsterone induced cell apoptosis through the mitochondria-dependent pathway.
Comparison of Advanced Threshold and SITA Fast Perimetric Strategies

Purpose To compare the results obtained with two threshold strategies of visual field assessment: Humphrey SITA Fast (SFA) (Carl Zeiss Meditec) and PTS 2000 Advanced Threshold (ADV) (Optopol Technology) in healthy subjects and patients with glaucoma. Methods The study sample comprised of 53 healthy volunteers and 69 patients with glaucoma. One eye of each patient was examined with the SFA and ADV strategies. The quantitative comparisons of test duration and global indices were made using correlation coefficients. The sensitivity and specificity of the algorithms were evaluated based on the GHT results and the adjusted Anderson–Patella (A&P) criteria. Results The ADV test duration was shorter both in healthy subjects (by 5%) and patients with glaucoma (by 18%). The mean differences in MS values between the SFA and the ADV strategies were 1.06 ± 1.13 dB (MSSFA-MSADV) in healthy subjects and 1.00 ± 1.92 dB (MSSFA-MSADV) in patients with glaucoma. The MD index of ADV tests was lower than the SFA in the healthy (−0.74 ± 1.09 dB) (MSSFA-MSADV) and glaucoma group (−0.85 ± 2.19 dB) (MSSFA-MSADV). The mean differences in PSD values determined using both methods were −0.86 ± 0.67 dB (PSDSFA-PSDADV) and −0.53 ± 1.48 dB (PSDSFA-PSDADV) in healthy subjects and patients with glaucoma, respectively. Analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves built from MD and PSD indices show bigger area under curve in SFA than in ADV (0.983 vs.0.968 and 0.986 vs. 0.938, respectively). The GHT-based sensitivity and specificity for the ADV strategy were 92.75% and 77.36%, respectively, as compared to 92.75% and 90.57%, respectively, for the SFA strategy. Conclusions Both SFA and ADV enable effective identification of glaucomatous defects within 5 minutes. The ADV strategy, however, is significantly faster. The correlation between the global indices of SFA and ADV is very high. Both strategies offer very high sensitivity when using both GHT and A&P criteria.
Novel Fatty Acid in Cordyceps Suppresses Influenza A (H1N1) Virus-Induced Proinflammatory Response Through Regulating Innate Signaling Pathways

Influenza virus (IV) infections usually cause acute lung injury characterized by exaggerated proinflammatory responses. The paucity of therapeutic strategies that target host immune response to attenuate lung injury poses a substantial challenge in management of IV infections. In this study, we chemically synthesized a novel fatty acid (2Z,4E)-deca-2,4-dienoic acid (DDEA) identified from Chinese Cordyceps by using UHPLC–Q-TOF–MS techniques. The DDEA did not inhibit H1N1 virus replication but attenuated proinflammatory responses by reducing mRNA and protein levels of TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-6, CXCL-8/IL-8, CCL-2/MCP-1, CXCL-10/IP-10, CCL-3/MIP-1α, and CCL-4/MIP-1β in A549 cells and U937-derived macrophages. The anti-inflammatory effect occurred through downregulations of TLR-3-, RIG-I-, and type I IFN-activated innate immune signaling pathways. Altogether, our results indicate that DDEA may potentially be used as an anti-inflammatory therapy for the treatment of IV infections.
Dobutamine Alters the Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Behavior of Esmolol

Background and objective This study involved an investigation into the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behavior of esmolol in the presence of dobutamine in healthy subjects of European ancestry. Methods We conducted a single-center, prospective randomized study of 16 healthy subjects with each receiving an infusion of dobutamine sufficient to increase heart rate (HR) by 30 beats per minute (bpm) followed by a 60-minute infusion of 50 µg/kg/min esmolol. Pharmacokinetics, HR, and blood pressure were evaluated for 180 minutes. Results In the presence of dobutamine, esmolol elimination was substantially faster than without dobutamine, Esmolol infusion reduced dobutamine-induced elevation of HR reversibly whereas the dobutamine-induced systolic blood pressure (SBP) reduction did not recover after the termination of the esmolol infusion. No serious adverse events (AEs) were observed. Conclusions The accelerated elimination of esmolol was likely due to higher cleavage through tissue esterases induced by dobutamine-induced increased tissue passage cycles per time unit. The HR effect was characteristic of a beta-blocker, whereas the blood pressure effect was likely due to a mechanism other than direct beta-blockade. HR remained elevated after the infusion of esmolol and dobutamine, most likely due to persistent blood pressure reduction.
Functional Decoupling of Emotion Coping Network Subsides Automatic Emotion Regulation by Implementation Intention

Automatic emotion regulation (AER) plays a vital role in the neuropathology underlying both suicide and self-harm via modifying emotional impact effortlessly. However, both the effortless account and the neural mechanisms of AER are undetermined. To investigate the neural changes at AER, we collected functional MRI (fMRI) in 31 participants who attended to neutral and disgust pictures in three conditions: watching, goal intention (GI), and reappraisal by implementation intention (RII). Results showed that RII (but not GI) decreased negative feelings and bilateral amygdala activity without increasing cognitive efforts, evidenced by the reduced effort rating and less prefrontal engagement during RII compared with during watching and GI. These emotion-regulatory effects of RII cannot be explained by emotional habituation, as the supplementary experiment (N = 31) showed no emotional habituation effects when the same disgust pictures were presented repeatedly three times for each watching and GI condition. Task-based network analysis showed both RII and GI relative to watching increased functional connectivities (FCs) of the ventral anterior cingulate cortex to the left insula and right precuneus during conditions, two FCs subserving goal setup. However, RII relative to GI exhibited weaker FCs in brain networks subserving effortful control, memory retrieval, aversive anticipation, and motor planning. In these FCs, the FC intensity of putamen-operculum/lingual and paracentral-superior temporal gyri positively predicted regulatory difficulty ratings. These findings suggest that the setup of implementation intention automatizes emotion regulation by reducing the online mobilization of emotion-coping neural systems.
Dietary Habits Associated with Anemia in Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Services

ABSTRACT Anemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality of pregnant women and increases the risks of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Approximately 50% of all anemia is estimated to be caused by low dietary intake of iron, poor absorption of dietary iron, or blood loss. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of and assess the dietary habits associated with anemia in pregnant women receiving antenatal care (ANC) in Unguja Island, Tanzania. A cross-sectional study was conducted to select 338 pregnant women at Kivunge, Mwembeladu, and Mnazimmoja hospitals from March to June 2018. Hemoglobin concentration was measured using a HemoCue photometer on capillary blood. Sociodemographic data and dietary habits were collected using a structured questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the predictors of anemia in pregnant women. The overall prevalence of anemia was 80.8%. Of these 68.64% had mild anemia, 11.24% had moderate anemia, and 0.89% had severe anemia. Anemia was significantly associated with inadequate dietary diversity [adjusted OR (AOR): 1.16; 95% CI: 0.57, 2.36; P < 0.05], drinking tea or coffee with a meal (AOR: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.13; P < 0.001), consuming <3 meals/d (AOR: 2.92; 95% CI: 1.60, 5.84; P < 0.001), higher education level (AOR: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.6, 7.2; P < 0.0001), birth interval <2 y (AOR: 3.6; 95% CI: 1.1, 11.9; P < 0.05), and multigravida status (AOR: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.3, 4.4; P < 0.0001). The prevalence of anemia in this study demonstrates a severe public health problem among pregnant women. Inadequate dietary diversity coupled with inadequate daily meal intake and consumption of tea or coffee were the dietary habits predicting anemia in pregnant women. Other predictors of anemia were higher education level, multigravida status, and birth interval <2 y. Nutrition policy interventions are needed to complement ANC services by providing important information on healthy eating habits during pregnancy.
Five reasons COVID-19 is less severe in younger age-groups

Abstract The severity of COVID-19 is age-related, with the advantage going to younger age-groups. Five reasons are presented. The first two are well-known, are being actively researched by the broader medical community, and therefore are discussed only briefly here. The third, fourth and fifth reasons derive from evolutionary life history theory, and potentially fill gaps in current understanding of why and how young and old age-groups respond differently to infection with SARS-CoV-2. Age of onset of generalized somatic aging and the timing of its progression are identified as important causes of these disparities, as are specific antagonistic pleiotropic tradeoffs in immune system function. Lay Summary: Covid-19 is less severe in younger age-groups than it is in older age-groups. Five advantages of youth are identified and explained in light of evolutionary life history theory, with a focus on the pattern of aging and specific tradeoffs between early and late immune system function.