Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF IRON NUTRITION ON THE MARINE CYANOBACTERIUM SYNECHOCOCCUS GROWN ON DIFFERENT N SOURCES AND IRRADIANCES 1

The effects of Fe deficiency on the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. were examined in batch cultures grown on nitrate or ammonium as a sole nitrogen source under two different irradiances. Fe‐stressed cells showed lower chlorophyll a content and cellular C and N quotas. Light limitation increased the critical iron concentration below which both suppression of growth rate and changes in cellular composition were observed. At a limiting irradiance (26 μmol.m−2.s−1), this critical value was ∼10 nM, a 10 times increase compared to high‐light cultures. Moreover, at low light the cellular chlorophyll a concentration was higher than at saturating light (110 μmol.m−2.s−1), this difference being most pronounced under Fe‐stressed conditions. Cells grown on ammonium showed a lower half‐saturation constant for Fe (Ks) compared to cells grown on nitrate, indicating Synechococcus sp. has the ability to grow faster on ammonium than on nitrate in a low Fe environment at high light. Consequently, in high‐nutrient and low‐chlorophyll regions where Fe limits new production, cyanobacteria most likely grow on regenerated ammonium, which requires less energy for assimilation. The Ks for growth on Fe at low light was significantly higher than at high light compared with the cells grown on the same N source, suggesting the cells require more Fe at low light. Therefore, if cells that are already Fe‐limited also become light‐limited, their iron stress level will increase even more. For cyanobacteria this is the first report of a study combining the interactions of Fe limitation, light limitation, and nitrogen source (NO3− vs. NH4+).
Improvements in Circumpolar Southern Hemisphere Extratropical Atmospheric Circulation in CMIP6 Compared to CMIP5

One of the major globally relevant systematic biases in previous generations of climate models has been an equatorward bias in the latitude of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) mid‐latitude tropospheric eddy driven westerly jet. The far‐reaching implications of this for Southern Ocean heat and carbon uptake and Antarctic land and sea ice are key reasons why addressing this bias is a high priority. It is therefore of primary importance to evaluate the representation of the SH westerly jet in the latest generation of global climate and earth system models that comprise the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). In this paper we assess the representation of major indices of SH extratropical atmospheric circulation in CMIP6 by comparison against both observations and the previous generation of CMIP5 models. Indices assessed are the latitude and speed of the westerly jet, variability of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), and representation of the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL). These are calculated from the historical forcing simulations of both CMIP5 and CMIP6 for time periods matching available observational and reanalysis data sets. From the 39 CMIP6 models available at the time of writing there is an overall reduction in the equatorward bias of the annual mean westerly jet from 1.9° in CMIP5 to 0.4° in CMIP6 and from a seasonal perspective the reduction is clearest in austral spring and summer. This is accompanied by a halving of the bias of SAM decorrelation timescales compared to CMIP5. However, no such overall improvements are evident for the ASL.
Cubic Graphs with Large Girth

For values of g in the range 3 I g I 12, there has been much effort devoted to finding the smallest possible graphs. It is known that the lower bound is attained only in the cases g = 3,4, 5,6, 8, 12, while in the cases g = 7 and g = 10 the smallest graphs have n0(7) + 2 = 24 and n,(10) + 8 = 70 vertices, respectively. In the cases g = 9 and g = 11, the smallest known graphs have 58 and 112 vertices, respectively, but smaller graphs may exist. For a survey of these results, see Wong [13]. In this paper we shall investigate the problem for g 2 13. Here it is known that the number of vertices must strictly exceed the lower bound no(g), but we do not know how close to no(g) we can get. In order to quantify our ignorance, it is convenient to introduce the parameter
Effect of Wetting Agent on Nutrient and Water Retention and Runoff from Simulated Urban Lawns

Wetting agents have been widely used in the turf industry for ameliorating hydrophobic soil conditions and improving water use efficiency. However, limited information is available regarding potential benefits of wetting agents on fine textured soil lawns where wettable soils are commonly found, because most prior studies have been conducted in sand-based turf systems. This 2-year field study evaluated the potential for wetting agents to improve turf quality, as well as to reduce runoff losses of water and nutrients from st. augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] lawns. Over two seasons, turfgrass quality, percent green cover, and soil moisture in plots were evaluated in response to wetting agent and fertilizer treatments. During precipitation events, total runoff volumes were measured, as well as total export of nutrients including NO3-N, NH4-N, total dissolved N, dissolved organic N, dissolved organic C, and PO4-P. No runoff was detected from any treatments when precipitation was less than 13 mm. St. augustinegrass turfgrass quality and soil moisture were slightly improved by wetting agent and fertilizer treatments during the study, but no significant effects of either of the treatments were found on runoff volumes or nutrient exports. Although turf was managed under deficit irrigation levels of 0.3 × reference evapotranspiration, irrigation events were not withheld due to rainfall, and thus, little to no drought stress was observed during the study.
Mitotic Defects Associated with Cytoplasmic Incompatibility inDrosophila simulans

Abstract We have examined the development of embryos obtained from cytoplasmatically-incompatible crosses between different strains of Drosophila simulans to determine the effect of Wolbachia during early embryogenesis. Embryos that we observed could be placed in three categories: those with arrested development during early intravitelline mitoses, a small number that reached the syncytial blastoderm stage but failed to cellularize, and embryos whose development had been arrested shortly before hatching. Cytological analysis of the staining of microtubules, centrosomes, and chromosomes showed that characteristics commonly found in early arrested embryos were mitotic spindles that lacked centrosomes, a higher number of centrosomes than expected from the count of the nuclei, and a higher number of metaphase-like configurations. Embryos that reached later stages of development show an irregular segmental patterning, anatomical defects, and surface areas where microtubules and nuclei are highly disorganized. These findings indicate that embryos derived from cytoplasmically incompatible crosses showed arrested development at different stages.
Spatial Heterogeneity of Littoral Fish Assemblages in Lakes: Relation to Species Diversity and Habitat Structure

We quantified the spatial heterogeneity in nearshore fish community composition within six Wisconsin lakes and examined its relation to habitat heterogeneity and species diversity. Fish abundance was estimated annually (1981–84) using seines at six sites in each lake. Substrate type, macrophyte growth form, and depth gradient were noted at each site. Species richness was estimated as the expected number of species when the number of individuals was held constant over lakes (rarefaction). Fish community spatial heterogeneity (the average percent dissimilarity in fish species composition over all possible pairs of seine sites within a lake) differed among lakes; it was positively correlated with within-lake variation in the depth gradient and with species diversity as estimated by rarefaction. We tested whether differences in community spatial heterogeneity among lakes resulted simply from differences in species diversity using a randomization test based on random permutations of the rows (seine hauls) in t.
Model Reduction for Kinetic Models of Biological Systems

High dimensionality continues to be a challenge in computational systems biology. The kinetic models of many phenomena of interest are high-dimensional and complex, resulting in large computational effort in the simulation. Model order reduction (MOR) is a mathematical technique that is used to reduce the computational complexity of high-dimensional systems by approximation with lower dimensional systems, while retaining the important information and properties of the full order system. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is a method based on Galerkin projection that can be used for reducing the model order. POD is considered an optimal linear approach since it obtains the minimum squared distance between the original model and its reduced representation. However, POD may represent a restriction for nonlinear systems. By applying the POD method for nonlinear systems, the complexity to solve the nonlinear term still remains that of the full order model. To overcome the complexity for nonlinear terms in the dynamical system, an approach called the discrete empirical interpolation method (DEIM) can be used. In this paper, we discuss model reduction by POD and DEIM to reduce the order of kinetic models of biological systems and illustrate the approaches on some examples. Additional computational costs for setting up the reduced order system pay off for large-scale systems. In general, a reduced model should not be expected to yield good approximations if different initial conditions are used from that used to produce the reduced order model. We used the POD method of a kinetic model with different initial conditions to compute the reduced model. This reduced order model is able to predict the full order model for a variety of different initial conditions.
Subduction Dynamics and Mantle Pressure: 2. Towards a Global Understanding of Slab Dip and Upper Mantle Circulation

We investigate the relationship between the global distribution of deep slab dips (at 250‐ to 300‐km depth) and pressure and circulation in the upper mantle. Using an analytic method to compute dynamic pressure in a 3‐D global upper mantle domain, and a force balance between slab dip, slab buoyancy, and pressure, we model dips for all major subduction zones. Overall, our models suggest that global‐scale mantle flow, as dictated by the shapes and velocities of Earth's plates and slabs, plays a fundamental role in creating the global pattern of slab dips. The dip trends of the South American and western Pacific subduction zones are controlled, in our models, by spatial variations in the dynamic pressure associated with flow. Our best fitting models produce global root mean square dip misfits of less than 10° for asthenospheric viscosities of 2.5–4.0 × 1020 Pas. This result is only obtained with a large flux of asthenosphere from upper to lower mantle at subduction boundaries, occurring on the overriding plate side of slabs, without which dips are significantly steeper than observed. This effect cannot be resolved by processes that affect only certain subduction systems and requires flux of asthenosphere into the lower mantle at subduction systems globally (or an alternative mechanism that produces more negative pressures on the overriding plate side of slabs). Upper mantle pressure fields that fit global slab dips yield negative dynamic pressure on the upper plate side of slabs, positive pressure on the subducting plate side, and an east‐to‐west pressure increase beneath the Pacific Plate.
Capital Structure and Corporate Governance Mechanisms in Kuwait Stock Exchange (KSE)

The study investigated the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on the corporate capital structure of the Kuwait Stock Exchange (KSE). Specifically, this study linked five corporate governance mechanisms—large shareholder ownership concentration, government ownership concentration, board size, board independence, and family directors—with capital structure for 81 non-financial listed firms between 2017 and 2018. The data indicated that only government ownership concentration and family directors affect capital structure.
Recovery of aquatic insect communities after a catastrophic flood in a Korean stream

In August 2002, a heavy rainfall (445 mm in total for 5 consecutive days) resulted in a catastrophic flood, and it completely washed away the benthic fauna from the mainstream channel of the Gapyeong stream, a typical mid-sized stream in the central Korean peninsula. This study was to investigate the recovery patterns of aquatic insect communities that were damaged by the flood. Aquatic insects were sampled quantitatively using a Surber sampler (50 × 50 cm, 1 riffle and 1 pool/run habitats per site) from three sites (4th-6th order) of the Gapyeong stream prior to 2000 and seasonally after the flood event from 2003 to 2006. Before the flood in the reference year (2000), a total of 77 species of aquatic insects were collected, whereas after the flood 47 species (2003), 51 species (2004), 64 species (2005) and 55 species (2006) were collected from the whole sampling sites. The aquatic insect density decreased to 26.85% (2003), 90.25% (2004), 52.53% (2005) and 54.95% (2006) of that recorded in the reference year. Although approximately 70% of the aquatic insect fauna has recovered since the flood event, the species composition in the most recent year differed substantially (similarity ca. 50%). On the other hand, the compositions of functional groups have not significantly changed. Aquatic insect communities at the riffle sites were affected more profoundly than those at the pool/run sites. The aquatic insect communities at the upstream site recovered more rapidly than those at the downstream sites.
The english translation of Grazia Deledda’s La Madre and the relevance of culture in translating Landscape metaphor

Este artigo explora o impacto da estrutura cultural do tradutor na tradução da metáfora relacionada à paisagem por meio de uma análise contrastiva de La madre, de Grazia Deledda, Prêmio Nobel de Literatura, e a tradução de 1922, The Mother, realizada por Mary Steegman. A cultura influencia a visão da natureza ao fornecer normas e ideologias distintas sobre como as pessoas se relacionam com os outros e com o mundo natural. A linguagem do espaço de Deledda se originou de uma percepção subjetiva, assim como seu uso de metáforas relacionadas ao espaço. Na tradução, no entanto, a negociação de significado envolvendo metáforas da paisagem se torna mais complexa. A percepção subjetiva e a individualidade do autor do original se sobrepõem à subjetividade do tradutor, que impacta o texto de chegada com consequências políticas e ideológicas. Esta contribuição examina em particular o antropomorfismo e a relação entre metáfora e símile. Argumentar-se-á que a interpretação do tradutor pode remodelar o relacionamento e a compreensão dos leitores-alvo desse cenário. A análise será baseada na teoria conceitual de metáfora e na hipótese de tradução cognitiva de Mandelblit (1995). A ecoestilística fornecerá uma estrutura adicional para examinar os padrões que revelam a abordagem do tradutor em relação à natureza e paisagem.
Ecological correlates of ghost lineages in ruminants

Abstract Integration between phylogenetic systematics and paleontological data has proved to be an effective method for identifying periods that lack fossil evidence in the evolutionary history of clades. In this study we aim to analyze whether there is any correlation between various ecomorphological variables and the duration of these underrepresented portions of lineages, which we call ghost lineages for simplicity, in ruminants. Analyses within phylogenetic (Generalized Estimating Equations) and non-phylogenetic (ANOVAs and Pearson correlations) frameworks were performed on the whole phylogeny of this suborder of Cetartiodactyla (Mammalia). This is the first time ghost lineages are focused in this way. To test the robustness of our data, we compared the magnitude of ghost lineages among different continents and among phylogenies pruned at different ages (4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 Ma). Differences in mean ghost lineage were not significantly related to either geographic or temporal factors. Our results indicate that the proportion of the known fossil record in ruminants appears to be influenced by the preservation potential of the bone remains in different environments. Furthermore, large geographical ranges of species increase the likelihood of preservation.
Exploring the Impact of Gamification on Users’ Engagement for Sustainable Development: A Case Study in Brand Applications

Game elements and mechanics have been widely applied as marketing strategies for sustainable development. Seldom have studies explored the relationships between the components of the game and consumer continuous usage with gamification. This study analyzed how game mechanics impact users’ gaming behavior and awaken positive feelings so as to increase the stickiness of the brand. This research model empirically surveyed 411 Nike Run Club (NRC) app users, based on the Mechanics–Dynamics–Aesthetics (MDA) framework. The results show that the self-challenge is a pre-factor that affects self-benefit, fun, and social interaction, while self-benefit and social interaction affect fun. The results also show that fun is of primary importance among all others, as it is a factor that affects brand attitude and sustained use. The results provide valuable insights into sustainable strategies for industries related to the operation of an app-based brand.
Weed Pressure, Yield, and Adhesion of Soil-biodegradable Mulches with Pie Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo)

A soil-biodegradable mulch (BDM) is designed to be tilled into the soil at the end of the growing season, and is a successful alternative to polyethylene (PE) mulch if it suppresses weeds and improves soil temperature and moisture, crop yield, and fruit quality. This study compared one clear plastic BDM (COX), two black plastic BDMs (BOX and BFO), and two paper BDMs (WGP and AMX) to clear and black plastic PE mulch (CPE and BPE, respectively) for weed control, yield, and mulch adhesion of ‘Cinnamon Girl’ pie pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) in a Mediterranean climate where increased soil temperature from mulch is desirable. BDMs in this study are advertised as soil-biodegradable, and we tested functionality but not biodegradability. Mulch deterioration during the growing season was measured as percent soil exposure (PSE), and remained low at the end of the growing season for all BDM and PE treatments both years (5% on average) except COX (68%). Weed number and biomass were low early, mid, and late season for all treatments except COX in 2018 and COX and CPE in 2019. Soil temperature with PE mulches (20.7 °C on average) was similar or slightly higher than with plastic BDMs (19.8 °C on average), which was higher than with paper BDMs (18.9 °C on average). Total fruit number and yield were similar for PE mulches (19.3 and 24.5 kg, respectively) and black plastic BDMs (17.3 and 21.2 kg, respectively), which were higher than COX and paper BDMs (15.7 and 19.8 kg, respectively). Mulch adhesion occurred on fruit in all BDM treatments, with more mulch adhesion in BFO in 2018 and WGP in 2019 than in other BDM treatments each year. The number of wipes is a proxy for the impact on harvest labor and can influence overall on-farm profitability. The number of wipes to remove adhered mulch (1.2 wipes on average) was similar for fruit harvested at four times of day (0800, 1000, 1200, and 1400 hr), but more wipes were needed to remove adhered mulch when fruit were stored up to 4 hours postharvest (5.4 wipes). Number of wipes to remove adhered mulch was negatively correlated to the amount of moisture on the fruit surface (R2 = 0.31). Overall, these findings demonstrate that all black plastic and paper BDMs remained intact throughout the growing season and controlled weeds as well as black PE mulch, while clear BDM had higher weed pressure because it degraded during the growing season. Pumpkin yield was similar for black plastic BDMs and PE mulches and lower for clear and paper BDMs. However, all BDMs in this study adhered to the fruit surface and their removal became more difficult as the fruit surface dried.
Kudzu Control and Impact on Monetary Returns to Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowners in Mississippi

Kudzu—Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.)—was initially planted in the southern United States and subsequently spread throughout the countryside following changes in land use. Kudzu covers more than 2.8 million ha which prevents uses such as timber production and establishment of carbon plantations. Using data collected on sites in Mississippi, this study examines the after-tax monetary trade-offs of controlling kudzu using different herbicide regimes. The results suggest that the most cost-effective way to control kudzu patches is to apply Escort XP using an aerial applicator. This application is appropriate for both young and old kudzu patches and whether the landowner intends to afforest the site with pine or oak.
Analysis and Design of Grid-Tied Inverter With LCL Filter

The LCL filter represents the state-of-the-art passive interface type for grid tied power converters as a cost and space reducing alternative to single coil solutions for switching harmonic attenuation. However, a simple PI controller can cause instabilities when applied to control the current of this filter. Thus a general analytically closed approach is presented to determine the safe operating areas for both grid current control mode (GCM) and inverter current control mode (ICM), both with and without additional active damping feedback of the capacitor current. The proposed approach consequently applies the Nyquist criterion in the continuous frequency domain, facilitating the determination of very simple expressions of parameter stability limits. These design guidelines, which partially also confirm previous findings, are for the first time summarized all together as the results of proposed approach to aid corresponding controller design.
The effect of camelina oil (α-linolenic acid) and canola oil (oleic acid) on lipid profile, blood pressure, and anthropometric parameters in postmenopausal women

Introduction Cold-pressed camelina oil (Camelina sativa) is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and may have a beneficial effect on the reduction of cardiovascular risk. Material and methods In this study, we investigated the parameters contributing to the development of cardiovascular diseases, such as dietary intake, nutritional status, blood pressure, and lipid profile. Sixty postmenopausal women with dyslipidaemia were randomly assigned to two oil groups: camelina oil and canola oil. The subjects consumed daily 30 g of the test oils for 6 weeks. Before and after dietary intervention, the assessment of nutrition (4-day dietary recall), anthropometric parameters, lipid profile, and blood pressure were evaluated. Results During the dietary intervention, decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration in both groups (15 mg/dl (0.4 mmol/l) reduction in the camelina oil group and 11 mg/dl (0.3 mmol/l) reduction in the canola oil group) was observed. In this study a decrease of waist circumference (approx. 1 cm) in the two groups was observed. In the group of women consuming camelina oil, a significant decrease of waist-to-hip ratio was seen. In the other anthropometric parameters no statistically significant changes were observed (body weight, body fat mass). After the intervention, no significant decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were noticed. Conclusions The camelina and canola oil intake contributed to reduction of the consumption of saturated fatty acids in the diet, had a positive influence on the lipid profile parameters, and decreased the waist circumference, which may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.