Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-tiered actions of Legionella effectors to modulate host Rab10 dynamics

Rab GTPases are representative targets of manipulation by intracellular bacterial pathogens for hijacking membrane trafficking. Legionella pneumophila recruits many Rab GTPases to its vacuole and exploits their activities. Here, we found that infection-associated regulation of Rab10 dynamics involves ubiquitin signaling cascades mediated by the SidE and SidC families of Legionella ubiquitin ligases. Phosphoribosyl-ubiquitination of Rab10 catalyzed by the SidE ligases is crucial for its recruitment to the bacterial vacuole. SdcB, the previously uncharacterized SidC family effector, resides on the vacuole and contributes to retention of Rab10 at the late stages of infection. We further identified MavC as a negative regulator of SdcB. By the transglutaminase activity, MavC crosslinks ubiquitin to SdcB and suppresses its function, resulting in elimination of Rab10 from the vacuole. These results demonstrate that the orchestrated actions of many L. pneumophila effectors fine-tune the dynamics of Rab10 during infection.
Pyrates: Design and Evaluation of a Serious Game Aimed at Introducing Python Programming and Easing the Transition from Blocks

This article reports on a design-based research study centered on the conception and the assessment of the Pyrates application. This online serious game aims at introducing Python programming to K12 students while easing the transition from block-based to text-based languages. After we present the various aspects underlying the block-to-text transition as well as the related existing applications, we describe the design of Pyrates. Firstly, we built the levels of the game in order to deal with the different fundamental concepts of programming in a constructivist approach. Next, we were inspired by advantageous characteristics of block-based programming editors to create the editing environment of Pyrates. In order to assess this conception, we tested the application in eight classrooms with 240 French 14-15 years old students. Students’ activity traces have been collected and were augmented by a qualitative online survey. By analysing this data set, we showed that the levels’ design generally allows to apprehend the targeted concepts consistently with the constructivist principles. Regarding the editing environment, we established that it supports the block-to-text transition in several aspects: concept transposition (general models and illustrative examples), reduction of errors (beginners aware syntax analyser), command catalog (programming memo for discovery and syntax reference), and program composition (copy button which limits keyboarding). Finally, Pyrates, which has already been played over 140,000 times, offers practitioners an environment that facilitates the transition from blocks to text, as well as a serious game to master the fundamental concepts of Python programming, and novel avenues to follow for tool designers.
Generating Academic Abstracts: Controlled Text Generation Using Metrics from a Target Text Allows for Transparency in the Absence of Specialized Knowledge

The lack of specialized linguistic knowledge in end users can make it difficult to develop more transparent natural language generation applications. This paper introduces a novel approach to controlled text generation, with a particular emphasis on controlling the stylistic properties of the generated text. By extracting and concatenating numerical metrics—representing various stylistic properties—from a reference text crafted by the target author into the text input of our generation model, we enhance the stylistic alignment between generated and target texts. Our proposed method successfully improves this alignment, surpassing the baseline, and represents a promising first step towards striking a balance between explainable AI and lack of specialized knowledge.
Edinburgh Research Explorer The object of my aggression

Objectification involves reducing someone to a sexual object, rather than seeing them as a full person. Despite numerous theoretical claims that people are more aggressive towards the objectified, and empirical evidence that objectification is linked to high willingness to aggress, rape proclivity, and aggressive attitudes, no research has examined a causal link between objectification and physical aggression, particularly in the context of provocation. In two experiments, we examined this hypothesised link. In Experiment 1, using a 2 (objectification: no/yes) x 2 (provocation: no/yes) factorial between-subjects design, we investigated the effects of objectification, induced via body focus during a face-to-face interaction, and provocation on physical aggression towards a female confederate. Our results revealed a significant main effect of provocation, a marginal main effect of objectification, and a significant interaction between these variables. In the absence of a provocation, focusing on a woman’s body increased aggression towards her. Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1 using a video of a target woman instead of a face-to-face interaction. Again, our results showed a significant two-way interaction between objectification and provocation, wherein objectification increased aggression in the absence of provocation. Overall, this research indicates that objectification can lead to heightened physical aggression towards objectified women.
Natural Frequency of Vibrating Foundations on Layered Soil System-An Experimental Investigation

This paper presents model block vibration tests results on two and three layered soil system underlain by rigid layer. Using sand and sawdust in different positions (either at top or at middle or at bottom) and thickness (es) inside a tank, different layered soil bed are prepared and vibration tests are conducted on each prepared bed using Lazan Type oscillator. A large number of response curves (frequency vs. amplitude) are obtained on different layered system. Maximum amplitudes (resonant amplitude) and corresponding frequencies (resonant frequency) are tabulated to study the effect of layering on resonant frequencies. Effects of position and thickness (es) of the layer/layers on natural frequencies are found to be significant, Natural frequency increases significantly due to presence of thin stiff layer at top compared to natural frequency of bottom layer treating it to be half space whereas it decreases significantly due presence of thin soft layer at top. Several other significant observations are made and presented in the paper. Natural frequencies of the soil foundation on different layered soil systems used for the experimental investigations are predicted using static equivalent stiffness of the system and compared with experimental results. Predicted results are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.
Efﬁcient testing of large graphs

Let P be a property of graphs. An (cid:15) -test for P is a randomized algorithm which, given the ability to make queries whether a desired pair of vertices of an input graph G with n vertices are adjacent or not, distinguishes, with high probability, between the case of G satisfying P and the case that it has to be modiﬁed by adding and removing more than (cid:15)n 2 edges to make it satisfy P . The property P is called testable, if for every (cid:15) there exists an (cid:15) -test for P whose total number of queries is independent of the size of the input graph. Goldreich, Goldwasser and Ron [8] showed that certain graph properties admit an (cid:15) -test. In this paper we make a ﬁrst step towards a logical characterization of all testable graph properties, and show that properties describ-able by a very general type of coloring problem are testable. We use this theorem to prove that ﬁrst order graph properties not containinga quantiﬁer alternationof type “ 89 ” are always testable, while we show that some properties containing this alternation are not. Our results are proven using a combinatorial lemma, a special case of which, that may be of independent interest, is the following. A graph H is called (cid:15) -unavoidable in G if all graphs that differ from G in no more than (cid:15)jGj 2
formu-Influence of preceding crops and nutrient management on productivity of wheat ( Triticum aestivum )–based cropping system

A field experiment was conducted during 2007-08 and 2008-09 at Anand to study the productivity and soil fertility as affected by preceding crops and nutrient management in wheat [ Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Paol & Fiori] based cropping system. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications, keeping three preceding crops maize [ Zea mays (L.)], soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] and greengram [ Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] in main plots and two levels of vermicompost (0 and 2.0 t/ha vermicompost), two nitrogen levels (60 and 120 kg N/ha) and two levels of phosphorus (0 and 17.6 kg P/ha) in sub-plots. Growing soybean and greengram as the preceding crops resulted significantly higher grain and straw yields of wheat than preceding maize crop. Among the different cropping sequences, maximum system productivity in terms of wheat grain equivalent yield (WGEY) was recorded with soybean–wheat, which was 20.3 and 43.9% higher than that of greengram–wheat (6.85 t/ha) and maize–wheat (5.73 t/ha). Nutrient management in wheat crop produced the highest grain yield (3.60 t/ha), straw yield (5.39 t/ha) and harvest index (39.6%) of wheat under 2.0 t/ha vermicompost, which was 4.9% more over control (3.43 t/ha). Application of 120 kg N/ha and 17.6 kg P/ha were optimum for securing maximum grain yield of wheat (3.67 t/ha) and net returns ( 38,469/ha). Soybean–wheat crop sequence secured maximum net returns, WGEY, production efficiency and land use efficiency, when crop fertilized with 120 kg N and 17.6 kg P/ha.
Touch uses frictional cues to discriminate flat materials

In a forced-choice task, we asked human participants to discriminate by touch alone glass plates from transparent polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) plastic plates. While the surfaces were flat and did not exhibit geometric features beyond a few tens of nanometres, the materials differed by their molecular structures. They produced similar coefficients of friction and thermal effects were controlled. Most participants performed well above chance and participants with dry fingers discriminated the materials especially well. Current models of tactile surface perception appeal to surface topography and cannot explain our results. A correlation analysis between detailed measurements of the interfacial forces and discrimination performance suggested that the perceptual task depended on the transitory contact phase leading to full slip. This result demonstrates that differences in interfacial mechanics between the finger and a material can be sensed by touch and that the evanescent mechanics that take place before the onset of steady slip have perceptual value. Tactile sensing plays a key role in our interaction with the world around us. We constantly need to assess the nature of the objects we are in contact with in order to go about our daily lives. Thus far, it has been shown that many manipulative and perceptual tasks are performed on the basis of gross shape 1,2 of frictional properties 3 and of surface topography 4,5 . Tactile mechanics provide cues about the physical properties of touched objects, including their shape 6 , their softness 7 or their friction 8 . Therefore, objects made of different materials but having similar shapes, frictional properties, and surface topography represent a challenge for the sense of touch. Under these conditions, objects are generally assumed to be discriminated on the basis of their mass properties or thermal properties 9,10 . To our knowledge, however, it was never suggested that differences in the materials we touch could be detected on the basis of molecular-level properties. Water is almost universally present in our environment. With rare exceptions, all surrounding objects are naturally coated with water
Effects of Tillage on Corn and Soybean Yields in Middle Layer Black Soil of Northeast China

Conservation tillage practices are alternative measures to conserve and restore black soil productivity in Northeast China. In order to test the impacts of conservation tillage as well as no-tillage practices on soil quality and crop production in Northeast China, a tillage trail was established on a black soil (silt loam) in Dehui, Jilin province in 2001. Three-year studies (2002-2004) showed that conservation tillage did not result in the decline of corn yield. Average corn yield under conservation tillage was (10 507 kg/hm~2) greater than that under moldboard plough which was 10 196 kg/hm~2. Average soybean yield under no-tillage was 2 777 kg/hm~(2) greater than that under moldboard plough.
Prediction and Ensemble Forecast Veriﬁcation of Hail in the Supercell Storms of 20 May 2013

Despite recent advances in storm-scale ensemble NWP, short-term (0–90 min) explicit forecasts of severe hail remain a major challenge as a result of the fast evolution and short time scales of hail-producing convective storms and the substantial uncertainty associated with the microphysical representation of hail. In this study, 0–90-min ensemble hail forecasts for the supercell storms of 20 May 2013 over central Oklahoma are examined and veriﬁed, with the goals of 1) evaluating ensemble forecast performance, 2) comparing the advantages and limitations of different forecast ﬁelds potentially suitable for the prediction of hail and severe hail in a Warn-on-Forecast setting, and3) evaluating the use of dual-polarization radar observations for hailforecast validation. To address the challenges of hail prediction and to produce skillful forecasts, the ensemble uses a two-moment microphysicsschemethatexplicitlypredictsa hail-likerimed-ice category andisrunwitha gridspacingof500m. Radarreﬂectivityfactorandradialvelocity,alongwithsurfaceobservations,areassimilatedevery5minfor1has the storms were developing to maturity, followed by a 90-min ensemble forecast. Several methods of hail prediction and hail forecast veriﬁcation are then examined, including the prediction of the maximum hail size compared to Storm Prediction Center (SPC) and Meteorological Phenomena Identiﬁcation Near the Ground (mPING) hail observations, and veriﬁcation of model data against single-and dual-polarization radar-derived ﬁelds including hydrometeor classiﬁcation algorithm (HCA) output and the maximum estimated size of hail (MESH). The0–90-minensemblehailpredictionsarefoundtobemarginallytomoderatelyskillfuldependingon the veriﬁcation method used.
‘Teachers have to take the responsibility for everything’

This article focuses on the challenges and difficulties faced by the Lithuanian teaching profession in primary schools. It asks how the post-Soviet educational reforms in Lithuania have affected teachers and what the gendered implications for the teaching profession are in Lithuania. Two theoretical approaches were used: the first is a critique of neoliberalism, and the second is a feminist perspective concerned with the feminisation of primary school teachers. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with female Lithuanian primary school teachers with 25–45 years of professional teaching experience. The data reveals an intensification of teachers’ jobs, increased accountability and performativity, marketisation of student school placements, and job precariousness. Also, the study findings imply that low teachers’ salaries reduce the attractiveness of the teaching profession, yet the interviewees also found their jobs meaningful. The findings also reveal the perception of primary school teaching in Lithuania as a women’s occupation due to deeply engrained gender norms. The study, therefore, suggests that the neoliberal turn in education has harmed the Lithuanian teaching profession, undermining the role of teachers as professionals. The results underline a need to reconsider widely spread neoliberal educational developments for teachers to gain a greater sense of professional independence.
Partial Optimal Transport for Support Subset Selection

In probabilistic terms, optimal transport aims to find a joint distribution that couples two distributions and minimizes the cost of transforming one distribution to another. Any feasible coupling necessarily maintains the support of both distributions. However, maintaining the entire support is not ideal when only a subset of one of the distributions, namely the source, is assumed to align with the other target distribution. For these cases, which are common in machine learning applications, we study the semi-relaxed partial optimal transport problem that relaxes the constraints on the joint distribution allowing it to under-represent a subset of the source by over-representing other subsets of the source by a constant factor. In the discrete distribution case, such as in the case of two samples from continuous random variables, optimal transport with the relaxed constraints is a linear program. When sufficiently relaxed, the solution has a source marginal with only a subset of its original support. We investigate the scaling path of solutions, specifically the relaxed marginal distribution for the source, across different relaxations and show that it is distinct from the solutions from penalty-based semi-relaxed unbalanced optimal transport problems and fully-relaxed partial optimal transport, which have previously been explored. We demonstrate the usefulness of this support subset selection in applications such as color transfer, partial point cloud alignment, and semisupervised machine learning, where a part of data is curated to have reliable labels and another part is unlabeled or has unreliable labels. Our experiments show that optimal transport under the relaxed constraint can improve the performance of these applications by allowing for more flexible alignment between distributions.
One-Pixel Instance Segmentation of Leaves

The segmentation of plant leaves is an essential prerequisite for vision-based automated plant phenotyping applications like stress detection, measuring plant growth and detecting pests. Segmenting plant leaves is challenging due to occlusions, self-shadows, varying leaf shapes, poses and sizes and the presence of particularly fine structures. We present a novel leaf segmentation approach that takes single pixels as input to initialize the segmentation of leaves. Additionally, we introduce a new strategy for transfer learning that we call “tandem learning” which enables the integration of previously learned network representations into a structurally different network. We evaluate different configurations of our approach on publicly available data sets and show that it yields competitive segmentation results compared to more complex segmentation approaches.
ON INFORMATICS VISUALIZATION

— A well-designed story is built upon a sequence of plots and events. Each event has its purpose in piquing the audience's interest in the plot; thus, understanding the flow of emotions within the story is vital to its success. A story is usually built up through dramatic changes in emotion and mood to create resonance with the audience. The lack of research in this understudied field warrants exploring several aspects of the emotional analysis of stories. In this paper, we propose an encoder-decoder framework to perform sentence-level emotion recognition of narrative stories on both dimensional and categorical aspects, achieving MAE=0.0846 and 54% accuracy (8-class), respectively, on the EmoTales dataset and a reasonably good level of generalization to an untrained dataset. The first use of attention and multi-head attention mechanisms for emotion representation mapping (ERM) yields state-of-the-art performance in certain settings. We further present the preliminary idea of EmoStory, a concept that seamlessly predicts both dimensional and categorical space in an efficient manner, made possible with ERM. This methodology is useful in only one of the two aspects is available. In the future, these techniques could be extended to model the personality or emotional state of characters in stories, which could benefit the affective assessment of experiences and the creation of emotive avatars and virtual worlds.
Metabolomic Approach to Understand the Effect of Lairage on the Quality of Pork Loin a

: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of lairage on the metabolomic profiles and physicochemical quality of pork loin. The castrated commercial Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc (LYD) pigs were assigned into 2 groups: slaughter without lairage (CON; n = 20) and slaughter after 24 h lairage (LRG; n = 20). The metabolomic profiles and physicochemical properties (pH, moisture content, water holding capacity, cooking loss, meat color, and tenderness) of pork loin from CON and LRG were evaluated. The effect of lairage was not found in the physicochemical quality of pork loin ( P > 0.05). However, when considering their metabolites, CON and LRG were distinguished in orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis majorly due to the 2 up-regulated (isoleucine and valine) and 5 down-regulated (glutamate, glycerol, glycine, lysine, and methionine) compounds in LRG ( P < 0.05). Pathways such as amino acid metabolisms, glyc-erolipid metabolism, and glutathione metabolism were differentiated between CON and LRG. Despite the absence of observed quality changes, our findings contribute to the understanding of how lairage impacts muscle metabolism following slaughter.
Accuracy of diﬀerent generations of apex locators in determining working length; a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and objective: The accurate determination of working length has a major inﬂuence on the prognosis of root canal treatment. Electronic Apex Locators (EALs) appear to be excellent tools for the determination of working length (WL). This study aimed to assess the accuracy of four generations of EALs. Materials and methods: For the purpose of the present review study, articles on different generations of EALs were selected from the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Science-Direct databases using the search term apex locators. In addition, eligibility criteria were set and used for the inclusion of articles. Results: Fifteen studies satisﬁed the eligibility criteria and were included in this study. According to the results of four meta -analyses, the Cochran’s Q-values were 3.042, 4.569, 0.636, and 0.443. The I 2 value of four heterogeneity tests was zero (I 2 = 0). In addition, the effect sizes (risk ratios) of the four meta -analyses were 1.040, 0.997, 0.935, and 0.959. Conclusion: Based on the ﬁndings of this study, all four generations of apex locators under review were found to be accurate in measuring working length. Hence, the generation of an apex locator does not play a signiﬁcant role in how accurately electronic devices determine working
mus-Productivity, economics and competitive indices of lentil ( Lens Culinaris )–based intercropping systems in Kashmir valley

A field experiment was conducted during winter seasons of 2005-06 and 2006-07 at Shalimar, Srinagar to study the productivity and profitability of lentil (Lens Culinaris Medik)–based intercropping systems. Eleven lentil based cropping systems viz., lentil sole, brown sarson (Brassica campestris L. var. brown sarson) sole, oats (Avena sativa L.) sole, lentil+brown sarson 1:1, lentil+brown sarson 2:1, lentil+brown sarson 4:1, lentil+brown sarson 6:1, lentil+oats 1:1, lentil+oats 2:1, lentil+oats 4:1 and lentil+oats 6:1, were tested in randomized block design with three replications. Number of pods/ plant of lentil were significantly higher in sole crop followed by 6:1 and 4:1 row ratio of lentil + brown sarson and lentil + oats systems, respectively. Significantly higher siliquae/ plant was recorded in intercropping systems compared to sole brown sarson. Seed yield of lentil (1.46 t/ha) and brown sarson (1.37 t/ha) was highest in sole stand. Based on lentil seed equivalent yields (1.47 t/ha), net returns (Rs 25,750) and B:C ratio (3.32), lentil + oats in 2:1 was found the best. It was closely followed by sole lentil.