Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical stability of an all-in-one parenteral nutrition admixture for preterm infants upon mixing with micronutrients and drugs

Objectives The main objective was to investigate Y-site compatibility of intravenous drugs with one standard total parenteral nutrition (TPN) admixture for preterm infants. Since micro-precipitation was observed in the water phase after addition of trace elements, the concentration effect on micro-precipitation formation developed as a sub-goal. Methods Seven drugs (ampicillin, ceftazidime, fluconazole, fosphenytoin, furosemide, metronidazole and paracetamol) were mixed in three mixing ratios with one preterm TPN admixture. Samples were investigated within 1 hour and again after 4 hours. Precipitation was studied in a lipid-free version called TPNaq by light obscuration, turbidimetry and visual examination. Emulsion stability data were assessed by light obscuration and laser diffraction. pH was measured to assess the theoretical risk of precipitation and emulsion destabilisation. The influence of different concentrations of trace elements on precipitation was investigated by visual examination, turbidimetry and light obscuration. Results Ampicillin, ceftazidime, fosphenytoin and furosemide led to precipitation after mixing with TPNaq. In some samples of TPN and fluconazole, metronidazole and paracetamol, the emulsion droplet size was above the acceptance limit, although this might also be inherent to the TPN admixture. An unexpected formation of micro-precipitate correlating with increasing amounts of added trace elements might be caused by an interaction of cysteine and copper, and complicated the compatibility assessment with drugs. Conclusions The micro-precipitate resulting from the addition of trace elements should be investigated further. This study did not provide sufficient evidence to recommend Y-site infusion of the tested drugs and the preterm admixture; however, it might offer some additional support to other compatibility data.
Genetic evaluation including phenotypic, full pedigree and genomic data

Genomic evaluations could be obtained using a unified methodology that combines phenotypic, pedigree and genomic information. A national single-step approach (SSP) for a comprehensive information (phenotype, pedigree and genotype markers) genetic evaluation was developed for final score of US Holsteins. Data included final scores recorded from 1955 to 2009 for 6,232,548 Holsteins cows. BovineSNP50 genotypes from the Cooperative Dairy DNA Repository were available for 6,508 bulls. Analyses used a repeatability animal model as is currently used for the national US evaluation. Analyses included pedigree and genomic-based relationships matrices. Full data sets and a subset of records (final scores up to 2004) were used to estimate the increase in accuracy due to genomic information. Also, comparisons include a multiple-step approach for genomic selection. The SSP genetic evaluation with the pedigree relationship matrix augmented with genomic information provided genomic predictions with accuracy and bias comparable to multiple-step procedures. The implementation of such SSP requires the inverse of a join relationship matrix based on pedigree and genomic relationships. A second study investigated efficient computing options for creating relationship matrices based on genomic markers and pedigree information as well as their inverses. A matrix of incidence of SNP marker information was simulated for a panel of 40K SNPs. The number of genotyped animals varied from 1,000 to 30,000. Efficient methods to create the matrices used in the unified approach are presented. Optimizations can be obtained either by modifications of the existing code or by the use of automatic optimizations provided by open source or third-party libraries. The third study evaluated the feasibility and accuracy of multiple trait evaluation for conception rate (CR) defined as outcomes of all inseminations in US Holsteins using all available phenotypic, pedigree and genomic information. Genetic evaluations used a national data set and a multiple trait model. The evaluations were obtained by regular BLUP or by the SSP, using genomic information. The R obtained with the SSP were almost doubled compared to BLUP. Computing with SSP took 33% more time than with BLUP. A multiple trait evaluation of CR using the genomic information is possible and advantageous. Index words: BLUP, genomic selection, SNP, genetic evaluation, computing methods, relationship matrix Genetic evaluation including phenotypic, full pedigree and genomic data
Epidemiological analyses of African swine fever in the European Union (November 2017 until November 2018)

Abstract This update on the African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks in the EU demonstrated that out of all tested wild boar found dead, the proportion of positive samples peaked in winter and summer. For domestic pigs only, a summer peak was evident. Despite the existence of several plausible factors that could result in the observed seasonality, there is no evidence to prove causality. Wild boar density was the most influential risk factor for the occurrence of ASF in wild boar. In the vast majority of introductions in domestic pig holdings, direct contact with infected domestic pigs or wild boar was excluded as the route of introduction. The implementation of emergency measures in the wild boar management zones following a focal ASF introduction was evaluated. As a sole control strategy, intensive hunting around the buffer area might not always be sufficient to eradicate ASF. However, the probability of eradication success is increased after adding quick and safe carcass removal. A wider buffer area leads to a higher success probability; however it implies a larger intensive hunting area and the need for more animals to be hunted. If carcass removal and intensive hunting are effectively implemented, fencing is more useful for delineating zones, rather than adding substantially to control efficacy. However, segments of fencing will be particularly useful in those areas where carcass removal or intensive hunting is difficult to implement. It was not possible to demonstrate an effect of natural barriers on ASF spread. Human‐mediated translocation may override any effect of natural barriers. Recommendations for ASF control in four different epidemiological scenarios are presented.
The Growing From Adolescence to Adulthood Influences the Decision Strategy to Unfair Situations

Emerged evidence has uncovered the differences in cognition and decision characteristics between adolescents and adults. Nevertheless, the neural mechanism that accounts for the differences between the two groups is still left unveiled. Using the event-related potential (ERP) and functional brain networks, the present study investigated the neural mechanism underpinning decision-making differences between adults and adolescents in the ultimatum game (UG). The results revealed that despite a higher medial frontal negativity (MFN) in response to unfair offers as compared to fair ones in adults, no difference was found in adolescents. Comparing the MFN with N1, one of the early ERP components, we found a larger MFN in adults but an opposite tendency in adolescents. The network analysis revealed that when responding to the unfair offers, the enhanced linkages are observed to be locally confined in the occipital cortex for adolescents, while the increased long-range linkages between the prefrontal and occipital areas could be found for adults. Taken together, our findings suggested that adolescents tend to the interest of offers while the adults prefer the rule of fairness in the context of unfairness. The social experience for the fairness establishment reshapes the two groups with different brain activities.
Alelopatia de frutos de erva-mate ( ilex paraguariensis ) no desenvolvimento do milho

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estudar o efeito alelopatico dos frutos maduros de erva-mate ( Ilex paraguariensis St.Hil.) sobre a germinacao e crescimento do milho hibrido SAVE 484 ( Zea mays L.), e, subsidiariamente, se o tempo de permanencia dos frutos no solo interferiria em seu efeito alelopatico. Frutos maduros de erva-mate (erveira) foram adicionados a vasos com solo corrigido com vistas a cultura do milho. Sementes foram semeadas logo apos a incorporacao dos frutos e 30 e 60 dias depois. Tambem foram realizados experimentos em laboratorio com extratos dos frutos e PEG 6000, agente osmotico, em concentracoes semelhantes aos extratos, para se poder separar o efeito osmotico do alelopatico. A germinacao e a emergencia do milho nao foram afetadas, nem em solo de campo, nem em laboratorio com substrato papel; porem, seu crescimento e desenvolvimento foram afetados. Altura da planta, comprimento do primeiro entre-no, peso seco da parte aerea e da raiz, comprimento das folhas, numero de raizes adventicias e comprimento da raiz primaria foram afetados pela presenca dos frutos ou dos seus extratos, o que mostra uma inibicao do desenvolvimento, causada pelos possiveis aleloquimicos presentes. O numero de pelos absorventes das raizes do milho mostraram ser um parâmetro extremamente sensivel a substâncias alelopaticas, as quais perduram no solo pelo menos por 60 dias apos a incorporacao dos frutos maduros da erva-mate.
Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation for NOMA Based Small Cell Networks With Wireless Backhauls

In this paper, we consider a downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) enabled heterogeneous small cells network (HSCN), where the macro base station simultaneously communicates with multiple small cell base stations (SBSs) through wireless backhaul. In each small cell, users are grouped by NOMA bases and then served by their respective SBS. The proposed framework considers the realistic imperfect channel state information and quality of service requirements of users. The goal is to investigate an energy-efficient joint power, and bandwidth allocation scheme, which aims to maximize the energy efficiency (EE) of the small cells in downlink NOMA-HSCN constrained by the maximum transmit power and the minimum required data rate simultaneously. The optimization problem is non-convex due to the fractional objective function and non-convex constraint and thus challenging to obtain an exact solution efficiently. To this end, the joint optimization is first decomposed into two subproblems. Then, an iterative algorithm to solve the power optimization subproblem is proposed with guaranteed convergence. Furthermore, we derive a closed-form solution for the bandwidth allocation subproblem. Simulation results reveal that the effectiveness of the proposed schemes in terms of EE compared to the existing NOMA and the orthogonal multiple access schemes.
Two Plenosominoides metacercariae from mountain crabs in central and eastern Thailand.

Mountain or waterfall crabs from Nakhon Nayok, Saraburi, Kanchanaburi, and Chantaburi provinces, were collected and examined for trematode metacercariae. Among the metacercariae recovered, two species of the family Microphallidae were found−Plenosominoides yangshanensis and P. vajrasthirae n comb. The cysts were oval with a thick wall; the metacercariae inside the cyst wall were fully developed−all organs were visible, but no eggs. Their common features were as follows: vitellaria formed into two groups anterior-lateral to each caecum, cirrus pouch incompletely circular, not enclosing a ventral sucker. Little information was known of these trematodes and there has been no report of their public-health importance.
Absence of Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Haemodialysis Patients in White Nile State, Sudan

This study was carried out to detect occult hepatitis B virus infection in haemodialysis patients in white Nile state, Sudan. Sandwich Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), competitive ELISA to detect Hepatitis B virus core antibody (HBcAb) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA were used to analyze 89 serum samples collected from patients in Abass Ibrahem haemodialysis center in white Nile state, Sudan. Of all the patients sampled, 68 were males while 21 were females, none of the patients showed signs of clinical hepatitis. The results showed that 1(1.1%) out of 89 samples was positive for HBsAg and was subsequently excluded from the study. Out of the 88 HBsAg negative samples, 37(42%) (27 males and 10 females) were positive for HBcAb and 0(0%) were positive for HBV DNA with PCR.
Extraction des substances bioactives des terfez d'Algerie et mise en evidence de leur activite antimicrobienne

Les terfez sont des champignons mycorhiziens, hypoges (Ascomycetes), comestibles qui se developpent surtout dans les zones arides et semi-arides du Maghreb et du Moyen Orient. Leurs corps fructiferes sont apprecies par les populations de ces regions pour leur valeur alimentaire qui est non negligeable (richesse en proteines, acides gras, glucides, elements mineraux et vitamines) et egalement pour leurs proprietes therapeutiques. En medecine traditionnelle, les extraits de terfez sont utilises pour traiter certaines infections oculaires et la pelade. Leurs proprietes guerissantes sont relatees depuis plusieurs siecles par les arabes et par certains hadiths religieux. Nous avons donc essaye d'isoler et d'identifier les substances bioactives de deux especes de terfez; Terfezia claveryi Chat. et Tirmania pinoyi (Maire) Malencon d'Algerie et de tester in vitro leur activite biologique sur des especes bacteriennes et fongiques. Les extractions ont ete effectuees a partir de cultures myceliennes, de filtrats de culture ou de gleba issue de corps fructiferes. Le fractionnement des extraits de Terfezia, par diverses methodes chromatographiques, a permis d'isoler 2 produits actifs. Ces produits sont plus concentres dans le mycelium que dans le filtrat de culture ou la gleba. Les tests d'activite antimicrobienne montrent qu'ils sont actifs a la fois sur les bacteries et sur diverses especes fongiques. T. claveryi possede egalement un bon pouvoir antagoniste sur les champignons testes.Les substances bioactives extraites des corps fructiferes de Tirmania et analysees par diverses techniques chromatographiques et spectroscopiques (RMN. IR) revelent la presence de 3 produits dont l'identite chimique reste encore incomplete.
Fourth European stroke science workshop

Lake Eibsee, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 16 to 18 November, 2017: The European Stroke Organisation convened >120 stroke experts from 21 countries to discuss latest results and hot topics in clinical, translational and basic stroke research. Since its inception in 2011, the European Stroke Science Workshop has become a cornerstone of European Stroke Organisation’s academic activities and a major highlight for researchers in the field. Participants include stroke researchers at all career stages and with different backgrounds, who convene for plenary lectures and discussions. The workshop was organised in seven scientific sessions focusing on the following topics: (1) acute stroke treatment and endovascular therapy; (2) small vessel disease; (3) opportunities for stroke research in the omics era; (4) vascular cognitive impairment; (5) intracerebral and subarachnoid haemorrhage; (6) alternative treatment concepts and (7) neural circuits, recovery and rehabilitation. All sessions started with a keynote lecture providing an overview on current developments, followed by focused talks on a timely topic with the most recent findings, including unpublished data. In the following, we summarise the key contents of the meeting. The program is provided in the online only Data Supplement. The workshop started with a key note lecture on how to improve the efficiency of clinical trial endpoints in stroke, which was delivered by Craig Anderson (Sydney, Australia) and set the scene for the following discussions.
Lochside Environmental Seabed Survey, UK 2007

In July 2007 Geolab Nor AS carried out an environmental survey for Chevron Upstream Europe at the Lochside prospect at UKCS block 213/22 and 23 in the Farao Shetland Channel. The objective of the survey was to describe the physico-chemical and biological characteristics in the Lochside prospect area. This environmental characterisation is needed for as part of a Corporately required Environmental, Social and Health Impact Assessment (ESHI) and a regulatory required Environmental Statement prior to potential exploration drilling operations in 2008.
Compliance With Infection Control Guidelines in the Operating Rooms

1. Nursing (MSN), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. 2. Instructor, Department of Nursing (Medical Surgical), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. 3. Associate Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDHRC), Department of Nursing (Medical-Surgical), Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. 4. Assistant Professor, Biostatistics, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. 5. Nursing (BSc.), Poursina Medical and Educational Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Accurate and resource-efficient monitoring for future networks

Monitoring functionality is a key component of any network management system. It is essential for profiling network resource usage, detecting attacks, and capturing the performance of a multitude of services using the network. Traditional monitoring solutions operate on long timescales producing periodic reports, which are mostly used for manual and infrequent network management tasks. However, these practices have been recently questioned by the advent of Software Defined Networking (SDN). By empowering management applications with the right tools to perform automatic, frequent, and fine-grained network reconfigurations, SDN has made these applications more dependent than before on the accuracy and timeliness of monitoring reports. As a result, monitoring systems are required to collect considerable amounts of heterogeneous measurement data, process them in real-time, and expose the resulting knowledge in short timescales to network decision-making processes. Satisfying these requirements is extremely challenging given today’s larger network scales, massive and dynamic traffic volumes, and the stringent constraints on time availability and hardware resources. This PhD thesis tackles this important challenge by investigating how an accurate and resource-efficient monitoring function can be realised in the context of future, software-defined networks. Novel monitoring methodologies, designs, and frameworks are provided in this thesis, which scale with increasing network sizes and automatically adjust to changes in the operating conditions. These achieve the goal of efficient measurement collection and reporting, lightweight measurementdata processing, and timely monitoring knowledge delivery.
Paediatric Head Trauma: A two year review in a newly established Neurosurgical Unit in Kaduna, Nigeria

Background: Paediatric head injury accounts for a large number of emergency room visits. Understanding the pattern of injuries is very important for appropriate treatment with resultant good outcome. The aim of this study is to outline the pattern and outcome of paediatric head trauma in a newly established neurosurgical unit in North-western Nigeria. Patients and Methods: The personal data, mechanism of injury, treatment and outcome was obtained using a proforma from all patients less than 18 years who presented at our accident and emergency unit. The data obtained was analysed using SPSS version 15.0 for Windows. Result: A total of 37 children were included in the study; 25 were male and 12 were female. The most common mechanism of injury was road traffic accident. Twelve patients required operative neurosurgery for evacuation of haematoma, elevation of depressed skull fracture and burr hole. Majority of the patients had a Glasgow outcome score of 5. Three mortalities were recorded. Conclusion: Road traffic accident is the most common cause of head injury in children and most of our patients recover with good outcome.
Energy partitioning in dairy cows : effects of lipogenic and glucogenic diets on energy balance, metabolites and reproduction variables in early lactation

Keywords: dairy cows; dietary energy source; glucogenic nutrients; lipogenic nutrients; negative energy balance; metabolic disorders; reproduction, immune system Dairy cows experience a negative energy balance (NEB) in early lactation which results from high energy requirements for milk production accompanied by a limited energy intake. Nutrition has been indicated as an important factor in the incidence and severity of NEB and NEB–related metabolic and reproductive disorders, like ketosis and delayed resumption of ovarian activity. A metabolic effect of a NEB in dairy cows is suggested to be an unbalanced availability from glucogenic and lipogenic nutrients. The objective of this thesis was to study the effect of lipogenic and glucogenic diets on the energy balance (EB) and risk of metabolic and reproductive disorders in dairy cows in early lactation. The first study, a literature survey, illustrated that feeding extra glucogenic nutrients relative to lipogenic nutrients, decreased milk fat and seemed to decrease plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations. Since studies were scarce and mostly included a confounding effect of dietary energy source with energy intake, it was difficult to draw conclusions on the energy source effects on EB and fertility. Therefore, in the second study, 16 dairy cows were either fed a glucogenic or a lipogenic diet. Diets were isocaloric and equal in intestional digestible protein. Energy balance was determined in climate-respiration chambers from week 2 until week 9 of lactation. The glucogenic diet decreased milk fat yield and milk energy and tended to decrease body fat mobilisation compared with the lipogenic diet. The objective of the third study was to study the effect of dietary energy source on EB, metabolites and some reproduction variables. Dairy cows (n=111) were fed glucogenic, lipogenic or mixed diet from week -3 until week 9 relative to calving. Multiparous cows fed the glucogenic diet had lower milk fat yield, higher calculated EB, and lower plasma NEFA, BHBA and liver tri-acyl glyceride concentration and tended to have less days postpartum till first ovulation. Additionally, in the third study, the presence of natural antibodies (NAb) in plasma and milk of individual dairy cows was determined. Relations were detected between NAb and EB and plasma metabolites, suggesting that alterations in immune competence peripartum are reflected in the humoral part of the innate immune system. In conclusion, increasing the glucogenic nutrient availability improved the EB and had potential to reduce the risk of metabolic disorders and to improve reproductive performance in dairy cows.