Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating cosmological parameter covariance

We investigate the bias and error in estimates of the cosmological parameter covariance matrix, due to sampling or modelling the data covariance matrix, for likelihood width and peak scatter estimators. We show that these estimators do not coincide unless the data covariance is exactly known. For sampled data covariances, with Gaussian distributed data and parameters, the parameter covariance matrix estimated from the width of the likelihood has a Wishart distribution, from which we derive the mean and covariance. This mean is biased and we propose an unbiased estimator of the parameter covariance matrix. Comparing our analytic results to a numerical Wishart sampler of the data covariance matrix we find excellent agreement. An accurate ansatz for the mean parameter covariance for the peak scatter estimator is found, and we fit its covariance to our numerical analysis. The mean is again biased and we propose an unbiased estimator for the peak parameter covariance. For sampled data covariances the width estimator is more accurate than the peak scatter estimator. We investigate modelling the data covariance, or equivalently data compression, and shown that the peak scatter estimator is less sensitive to biases in the model data covariance matrix than the width estimator, but requires independent realisations of the data to reduce the statistical error. If the model bias on the peak estimator is sufficiently low this is promising, otherwise the sampled width estimator is preferable.
Silver Nanoparticles Formulation of Flower Head’s Polyphenols of Cynara scolymus L.: A Promising Candidate against Prostate (PC-3) Cancer Cell Line through Apoptosis Activation

Cynara scolymus L. (Family: Compositae) or artichoke is a nutritious edible plant widely used for its hepatoprotective effect. Crude extracts of flower, bract, and stem were prepared and evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant activity and phenolic content. The flower crude extract exhibited the highest phenolic content (74.29 mg GAE/gm) as well as the best in vitro antioxidant activity using total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FEAP), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhyazyl (DPPH) scavenging assays compared with ascorbic acid. Phenolic fractions of the crude extracts of different parts were separated and identified using high-performance liquid chromatography HPLC-DAD analysis. The silver nanoparticles of these phenolic fractions were established and tested for their cytotoxicity and apoptotic activity. Results showed that silver nanoparticles of a polyphenolic fraction of flower extract (Nano-TP/Flowers) exhibited potent cytotoxicity against prostate (PC-3) and lung (A549) cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 0.85 μg/mL and 0.94 μg/mL, respectively, compared with doxorubicin as a standard. For apoptosis-induction, Nano-TP/Flowers exhibited apoptosis in PC-3 with a higher ratio than in A549 cells. It induced total prostate apoptotic cell death by 227-fold change while it induced apoptosis in A549 cells by 15.6-fold change. Nano-TP/Flowers upregulated both pro-apoptotic markers and downregulated the antiapoptotic genes using RT-PCR. Hence, this extract may serve as a promising source for anti-prostate cancer candidates.
How do hotels expand into new markets? The relationship between hotel agglomeration and entry mode

When a hotel decides to open in a new location, it must select a specific entry mode that determines its degree of control and ownership. This study combines agglomeration theory with information economics to explain how hotel agglomerations influence the entry modes of new hotels. In particular, we argue that when facing different levels of information asymmetry derived from hotel agglomerations, new hotels should reduce the risk of adverse selection in choosing their entry modes. Using a sample of new hotels in China, this study shows that in areas of co-located higher-quality hotels, new hotels choose shared-control modes (franchise or management contracts) over full-control modes. Evidence from a sample of foreign hotels also indicates that in areas of co-located same-country-of-origin hotels, new hotels are encouraged to choose shared-control modes (franchise or management contracts) over full-control modes.
Pengaruh tarif pajak, pemahaman perpajakan, dan sanksi perpajakan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak UMKM Kota Pati

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) are one of the sectors that have the potential to contribute to state tax revenues. MSME taxpayer compliance is still very low, especially MSME taxpayer compliance in Pati City has not yet reached 50%. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of tax rates, understanding of taxation and tax sanction on MSME taxpayer compliance. The theory used in this research is the theory of planned behavior and attribution theory. As much 102 MSME taxpayers were randomly selected as respondents using the slovin formula. The method of determining the sample in this study was accidental sampling and the technical analysis of the data in this study used multiple linear regression analysis which is processed in the SPSS version 25 program. The result showed that tax rates, understanding of taxation and tax sanction have a positive effect on MSME taxpayer compliance either simultaneously or partially.
Salivary Gland Diseases: A Retrospective Clinicopathological Study of 159 Cases

Background Salivary gland diseases include a variety of conditions (inflammatory, immunological, infectious, or neoplastic pathologies). Salivary gland diseases hold the interest of clinicians and pathologists due to their varied clinical presentation and histological diversity. In this study, we aimed to assess the various aspects of clinical and pathological characteristics of salivary gland diseases. Methodology We reviewed the records of patients with various salivary gland diseases at Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Rashid Hospital, Razi Hospital, and Zuhur Hospital in Iraq. The study covered the years 2010 to 2021. Results Of 159 patients, there were 61.64% female patients. The age group most affected was 51-60 years (26.4%). The most involved salivary gland was the parotid (44.65%). Swelling was seen in 74% of the patients. Obstructive lesions were seen in 52.2% of patients. Obstructive pathologies occurred exclusively in the age group 51-60 years, infective cases involved the age group 71-80 years (64.3%), and tumors affected the age group 41-50 years (77.4%). Women were affected more than men by all pathologies. The parotid gland was mostly affected by tumors (32/71), while other glands were mostly affected by obstructive lesions (17/18). A significant association was found between salivary gland pathologies with age and the affected gland. The most common clinical entity of the obstructive lesions was xerostomia (20.1%). While pleomorphic adenoma was the most common tumor (n = 40/50). The most common cause of xerostomia was smoking (31.2%) and the least cause was antidepressants (9.4%). Conclusions Salivary gland diseases were mostly seen in women and in the age group 51-60 years. Parotid was the most involved gland. A three-quarter of the cases presented with swelling and obstructive pathologies comprise above 50% of causes. The age and the involved gland can determine the type of salivary gland diseases. Xerostomia was the common clinical entity of obstructive pathologies. The most common tumor was pleomorphic adenoma and the most common cause for xerostomia was smoking.
Understanding Human Decision Processes: Inferring Decision Strategies From Behavioral Data

This work investigates a method to infer and classify decision strategies from human behavior, with the goal of improving human-agent team performance by providing AI-based decision support systems with knowledge about their human teammate. First, an experiment was designed to mimic a realistic emergency preparedness scenario in which the test participants were tasked with allocating resources into 1 of 100 possible locations based on a variety of dynamic visual heat maps. Simple participant behavioral data, such as the frequency and duration of information access, were recorded in real time for each participant. The data were examined using a partial least squares regression to identify the participants’ likely decision strategy, that is, which heat maps they relied upon the most. The behavioral data were then used to train a random forest classifier, which was shown to be highly accurate in classifying the decision strategy of new participants. This approach presents an opportunity to give AI systems the ability to accurately model the human decision-making process in real time, enabling the creation of proactive decision support systems and improving overall human-agent teaming.
Mass Spectrometric Identification of Licania rigida Benth Leaf Extracts and Evaluation of Their Therapeutic Effects on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response

Licania rigida Benth has been evaluated as an alternative drug to treat diseases associated with inflammatory processes. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous and hydroalcoholic leaf extracts of L. rigida with inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharides in in vitro and in vivo inflammation models. The phytochemical profile of the extracts, analyzed by ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, revealed the presence of gallic and ellagic acids in both extracts, whereas isovitexin, ferulate, bulky amino acids (e.g., phenylalanine), pheophorbide, lactic acid, and pyridoxine were detected in the hydroalcoholic extract. The extracts displayed the ability to modulate in vitro and in vivo inflammatory responses, reducing approximately 50% of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and inhibiting both NO production and leukocyte migration by approximately 30 and 40% at 100 and 500 µg/mL, respectively. Overall, the results highlight and identify, for the first time, the ability of L. rigida leaf extract to modulate inflammatory processes. These data suggest that the leaf extracts of this plant have potential in the development of herbal formulations for the treatment of inflammation.
Farming in the mountains of Nepal: crops, soil fertility, livelihoods and farm-forest linkages

In national plans, policies, and earlier development programs, livelihoods of mountain people in the Nepal Himalayas were overlooked, rendering them more susceptible to climatic risk and disaster. The management of marginal mountain agricultural land is crucial for food security, improved living conditions, and environmental protection. For enhancing livelihoods and ecological benefits, mountain agriculture is vital, however, a consolidated review on mountain farming is limited in Nepal. We used "mountain" AND "Nepal" AND "farming" OR "agriculture" in the literature's title published between 1978 and 2021 on Google Scholar and did an in-depth review of papers on the four thematic areas: mountain crops, soil fertility, livelihoods, and farm-forestry linkages. We observed a variety of nutrient-rich mountain crops with a market potential as niche products, low and deteriorating soil fertility of agricultural lands, a weakening of the farm-forest links, and an increase in the diversity of mountain livelihood choices. Small landholdings, labor outmigration mainly men, feminization of mountain farming, and food insecurity are the greatest challenges to the growth of agriculture in mountainous regions. There are, however, ample opportunities to make mountain regions green through agroforestry and community forests, to improve livelihoods by introducing niche value chains for products, to explore payment for ecosystem services through downstream-upstream linkages, and to recognize their traditional knowledge and practices through citizen science research and development.
Universal void density profiles from simulation and SDSS

Abstract We discuss the universality and self-similarity of void density profiles, for voids in realistic mock luminous red galaxy (LRG) catalogues from the Jubilee simulation, as well as in void catalogues constructed from the SDSS LRG and Main Galaxy samples. Voids are identified using a modified version of the ZOBOV watershed transform algorithm, with additional selection cuts. We find that voids in simulation are self-similar, meaning that their average rescaled profile does not depend on the void size, or – within the range of the simulated catalogue – on the redshift. Comparison of the profiles obtained from simulated and real voids shows an excellent match. The profiles of real voids also show a universal behaviour over a wide range of galaxy luminosities, number densities and redshifts. This points to a fundamental property of the voids found by the watershed algorithm, which can be exploited in future studies of voids.
Biosensors and Drug Delivery in Oncotheranostics Using Inorganic Synthetic and Biogenic Magnetic Nanoparticles

Magnetic nanocarriers have attracted attention in translational oncology due to their ability to be employed both for tumor diagnostics and therapy. This review summarizes data on applications of synthetic and biogenic magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in oncological theranostics and related areas. The basics of both types of MNPs including synthesis approaches, structure, and physicochemical properties are discussed. The properties of synthetic MNPs and biogenic MNPs are compared with regard to their antitumor therapeutic efficiency, diagnostic potential, biocompatibility, and cellular toxicity. The comparative analysis demonstrates that both synthetic and biogenic MNPs could be efficiently used for cancer theranostics, including biosensorics and drug delivery. At the same time, reduced toxicity of biogenic particles was noted, which makes them advantageous for in vivo applications, such as drug delivery, or MRI imaging of tumors. Adaptability to surface modification based on natural biochemical processes is also noted, as well as good compatibility with tumor cells and proliferation in them. Advances in the bionanotechnology field should lead to the implementation of MNPs in clinical trials.
A question of burnout among reformed church ministers in The Netherlands

The present study examined to which degree reformed ministers suffer from burnout symptoms, to which degree these symptoms are comparable with other occupational groups and which organizational and personal traits like extroversion and emotional stability, increase the risk of falling victim to burnout. Ministers (n = 424; 83% men, 17% women) completed the following questionnaires: a work-factor questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the extroversion and emotional stability Personality Inventory. Ministers of the Dutch Reformed Church had identical scores on the three burnout dimensions as their reformed counterparts, a more doctrinal denomination. Compared with workers in other human service professions, ministers scored lower on the three burnout dimensions. Ministers who seriously suffered from pressure of work had high scores on the three dimensions of burnout. Young ministers proved to be more susceptible to burnout than their older counterparts. Gender did not contribute to the onset of burnout. However, lack of social support at home, satisfaction, and motivation may have influenced the ministers’ burnout level. Personality factors, such as extroversion and emotional stability, appeared to be significantly related to burnout. Tasks found to be weighty were: to conduct a service and to prepare sermon, pastoral care, administration or managerial and organizational tasks, catechism and meetings. Suggestions for future investigations were made.
There's no place like home? Statistics of Milky Way-mass dark matter haloes

We present an analysis of the distribution of structural properties for Milky Way-mass haloes in the Millennium-II Simulation (MS-II). This simulation of structure formation within the standard ACDM cosmology contains thousands of Milky Way-mass haloes and has sufficient resolution to properly resolve many subhaloes per host. It thus provides a major improvement in the statistical power available to explore the distribution of internal structure for haloes of this mass. In addition, the MS-II contains lower-resolution versions of the Aquarius Project haloes, allowing us to compare our results to simulations of six haloes at a much higher resolution. We study the distributions of mass assembly histories, of subhalo mass functions and accretion times and of merger and stripping histories for subhaloes capable of impacting discs at the centres of haloes. We show that subhalo abundances are not well described by Poisson statistics at low mass, but rather are dominated by intrinsic scatter. Using the masses of subhaloes at infall and the abundance-matching assumption, there is less than a 10 per cent chance that a Milky Way halo with M vir = 10 12 M ⊙ will host two galaxies as bright as the Magellanic Clouds. This probability rises to ∼25 per cent for a halo with M vir = 2.5 × 10 12 M ⊙ . The statistics relevant for disc heating are very sensitive to the mass range that is considered relevant. Mergers with infall mass: redshift zero virial mass greater than 1:30 could well impact a central galactic disc and are a near inevitability since z = 2, whereas only half of all haloes have had a merger with infall mass: redshift zero virial mass greater than 1:10 over this same period.
Elements of the theory of elliptic functions

General theorems about elliptic functions Modular functions The Weierstrass functions Theta functions The Jacobi functions Transformation of elliptic functions Additional facts about elliptic integrals Some conformal mappings Extremal properties of fractions to which a transformation of elliptic functions reduces Generalization of Tchebycheff polynomials Various supplements and applications.
Room temperature surface piezoelectricity in SrTiO3 ceramics via piezoresponse force microscopy

SrTiO3 ceramics are investigated by piezoresponse force microscopy. Piezoelectric contrast is observed on polished surfaces in both vertical and lateral regimes and depends on the grain orientation varying in both sign (polarization direction) and amplitude. The observed contrast is attested to the surface piezoelectricity due to the flexoelectric effect (strain gradient-induced polarization) caused by the surface relaxation. The estimated flexoelectric coefficient is approximately one order of magnitude smaller as compared to that recently measured in SrTiO3 single crystals. The observed enhancement of piezoresponse signal at the grain boundaries is explained by the dipole moments associated with inhomogeneous distribution of oxygen vacancies.
Searching for dark matter in X-rays: how not to check the dark matter origin of a spectral feature

In a recent preprint entitled "Searching for dark matter in X-rays: how to check the dark matter origin of a spectral feature" [arXiv:1001.0644v1], the authors have claimed that some archival X-ray data could be used to rule out dark matter in the form of 5-keV sterile neutrinos at the level of 20 sigma. Unfortunately, the limit was derived incorrectly. We point out the shortcomings of this analysis and show that the tentative detection of a spectral feature consistent with a 5-keV sterile neutrino is not in contradiction with existing limits. Future observations of dwarf spheroidal galaxies will test this hypothesis.
Spouse and mother-in-law rejection and marital adjustment of Turkish women with child and adult marriage

Child marriages occur between a child under the age of 18 and an adult or another child and take place without children being physiologically or psychologically ready to shoulder the responsibilities of marriage and having children. Child marriages among women are prevalent in Turkey and linked with number of negative outcomes. The aim of this study is to investigate the predictor role of spouse and mother-in-law rejection on marital adjustment and whether this relationship differs for Turkish women married under and above 18. Results revealed that women who were married as children had significantly higher scores for spouse and mother-in-law rejection and lower marital adjustment than women married above 18. Additionally, the marital adjustment of women married as children and by the marriage of choice was significantly lower than women who had married at an adult age and by the marriage of choice. Moderation analysis, which was made by Process macro, indicated that marital age and mother-in-law rejection had a moderator role in the relationship between overall spousal rejection and marital adjustment. In conclusion, this study provides a unique contribution to the relevant literature in Turkish culture in terms of comparing women married under the age of 18 and above 18.
Character formulas for Feigin-Stoyanovsky's type subspaces of standard $\mathfrak{sl}(3, \mathbb{C})^{\widetilde{}}$-modules

Exact sequences of Feigin-Stoyanovsky's type subspaces for affine Lie algebra $\mathfrak{sl}(l+1,\mathbb{C})^{\widetilde{}}$ lead to systems of recurrence relations for formal characters of those subspaces. By solving the corresponding system for $\mathfrak{sl}(3,\mathbb{C})^{\widetilde{}}$, we obtain a new family of character formulas for all Feigin-Stoyanovsky's type subspaces at general level.
Effects of Combination Therapy with Bunium persicum and Foeniculum vulgare Extracts on Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Background: Considering the side effects of common drugs used to treat polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), researchers have turned their attention to natural compounds, including medicinal plants. Foeniculum vulgare has estrogenic properties and has been traditionally used to treat gynecological disorders. Bunium persicum has medical aspects that have not yet been evaluated, so the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of combination therapy with these extracts on clinical symptoms of women with PCOS. Materials and Methods: In this double-blind clinical trial study, 70 women with PCOS referred to infertility clinics, were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group received B. persicum capsule 60 mg plus F. vulgare capsule 25 mg) twice daily for 4 months and the control groups received routine intervention. Before and after the intervention, levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone, progesterone, prolactin, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels, hirsutism score, and menstrual pattern were recorded and endometrial thickness and follicle count were determined by ultrasound. Data were analyzed by the SPSS21 software. Results: Treatment with B. persicum and F. vulgare extracts significantly decreased LH and DHEAS levels, hirsutism score, and significantly increased menstrual duration compared to the control group. Before the intervention, 5.7% of the intervention and control groups had the normal menstrual pattern, while after the intervention 31.4% of the intervention group and 25.7% of the control group had the normal pattern. Conclusion: Regarding the effect of these extracts combination and because they have no side-effects, which is a great advantage over chemical drugs, using of these plants recommend.
A Low EMI characteristic of LPDDR5 SDRAM with Edge-placed PADs and Short Re-Distribution Lines

For mobile DRAM, low EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) chip architecture is highly required. So, mobile DRAM's EMI characteristic using center-placed pads and edge-placed pads has been investigated. Our near-field scan measurement results show that the peak H-field magnitude of LPDDR5 using edge-placed pads is lower by 11.5 dB than that of the other one using center-placed pads. Furthermore, when comparing our measurement results to our simulation results showing that the power plane resonance of PoP (Package-on-Package) affects low frequency EMI radiation significantly, we have also noticed reasonable agreement on the peak H-field magnitude trend.