Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Delta variant and mRNA Covid-19 vaccines effectiveness: higher odds of vaccine infection breakthroughs

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant (B.1.617.2), initially identified in India, has become predominant in several countries, including Portugal. Few studies have compared the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against Delta versus Alpha variant of concern (VOC) and estimated variant-specific viral loads in vaccine infection breakthroughs cases. In the context of Delta dominance, this information is critical to inform decision-makers regarding the planning of restrictions and vaccination roll-out. Methods: We developed a case-case study to compare mRNA vaccines' effectiveness against Delta (B.1.617.2) versus Alpha (B.1.1.7) variants. We used RT-PCR positive cases notified to the National Surveillance System between 17th of May and 4th of July 2021 (week 20 to 26) and information about demographics and vaccination status through the electronic vaccination register. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) or spike (S) gene target failure (SGTF) data were used to classify SARS-CoV-2 variants. The odds of vaccinated individuals to become infected (odds of vaccine infection breakthrough) in Delta cases compared to Alpha SARS-CoV-2 cases was estimated by conditional logistic regression adjusted for age group, sex, and matched by the week of diagnosis. As a surrogate of viral load, mean RT-PCR Ct values were stratified and compared between vaccine status and VOC. Results: Of the 2 097 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive cases included in the analysis, 966 (46.1%) were classified with WGS and 1131 (53.9%) with SGTF. Individuals infected with the Delta variant were more frequently vaccinated 162 (12%) than individuals infected with the Alpha variant 38 (5%). We report a statistically significant higher odds of vaccine infection breakthrough for partial (OR=1.70; CI95% 1.18 to 2.47) and complete vaccination (OR=1.96; CI95% 1.22 to 3.14) in the Delta cases when compared to the Alpha cases, suggesting lower mRNA vaccine effectiveness against Delta cases. On our secondary analysis, we observed lower mean Ct values for the Delta VOC cases versus Alpha, regardless the vaccination status. Additionally, the Delta variant cases revealed a Ct-value mean increase of 2.24 (CI95% 0.85 to 3.64) between unvaccinated and fully vaccinated breakthrough cases contrasting with 4.49 (CI95% 2.07 to 6.91) in the Alpha VOC, suggesting a lower impact of vaccine on viral load of Delta cases. Conclusions: We found significantly higher odds of vaccine infection breakthrough in Delta cases when compared to Alpha cases, suggesting lower effectiveness of the mRNA vaccines in preventing infection with the Delta variant. Additionally, the vaccine breakthrough cases are estimated to be of higher mean Ct values, suggesting higher infectiousness with the Delta variant infection. These findings can help decision-makers weigh on the application or lifting of control measures and adjusting vaccine roll-out depending on the predominance of the Delta variant and the coverage of partial and complete mRNA vaccination.
PtCoFe Nanowire Cathodes Boost Short‐Circuit Currents of Ru(II)‐Based Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells to a Power Conversion Efficiency of 12.29%

PtCoFe nanowires with different alloying compositions are chemically prepared and acted as counter electrodes (CEs) in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with Ru(II)‐based dyes. Due to their superior I3− reduction activity, PtCoFe nanowires with rich (111) facets enhance the performance of DSSCs. Hence, N719 DSSCs with PtCoFe nanowires, respectively, produce better power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.10% for Pt33Co24Fe43 nanowire, 8.33% for Pt74Co12Fe14 nanowire, and 9.26% for Pt49Co23Fe28 nanowire in comparison to the PCE of Pt CE (7.32%). Further, the PRT‐22 DSSC with Pt49Co23Fe28 nanowire exhibits a maximum PCE of 12.29% with a certificated value of 12.0%, which surpass the previous PCE record of the DSSCs with Ru(II)‐based dyes. The photovoltaic and electrochemical results reveal the composition‐dependent activity along with a volcano‐shaped trend in the I−/ I3− redox reaction. Theoretical work on the adsorption energies of I2, the desorption energies of I−, and the corresponding absolute energy demonstrates that the I3− reduction activity followed in the order of Pt49Co23Fe28(111) plane > Pt74Co12Fe14(111) plane > Pt33Co24Fe43(111) plane, proving Pt49Co23Fe28 nanowire to be a superior cathode material for DSSCs.
GraphShop: Graph-based Approach for Shop-type Recommendation

It is essential to predict the popularity of a particular shop type when investors decide which type of shops to open at a given location. Existing shop-type recommender systems have approached this problem by building a region-type matrix and analyzing the relationship between diﬀerent regions and shop types. However, these methods make recommendations for each region, thus having diﬃculty analyzing a speciﬁc shop, especially near the two regions’ borders. Totackle this challenge, we propose a novel Graph Neural Network (GNN) model, called GraphShop, to represent shops as nodes in a graph and analyze each shop without assigning it to a region. As it is diﬃcult to ﬁnd the inﬂuential neighbors, we propose two aggregation methods, Distance-Module and TypeModule, in GraphShop. DistanceModule aggregates unordered nearby shops in every zone and ﬁl-ters them from the remote zones. TypeModule reorders the nearby shops based on their types and considers the interaction of diﬀerent types. Furthermore, to address the lack of open shop-type recommendation datasets, we build a qualitative and large-scale dataset collected from a review web-site and location-based services. It contains most, if not all, shops in a region and is large and diverse, by containing 53,182 shops with 122 types. Our dataset is available at https://github.com/BoSamothrace/GraphShop. Through the experimental results, we demonstrate that our method outperforms the existing state-of-the-art methods for shop-type recommendation by a factor of up to 37 %.
Adaptive Holding for Online Bottleneck Matching with Delays

Bipartite matching between two sets of objects is widely applied in many applications such as crowdsourcing market-places, ride-hailing services and logistics. Depending on the applications, different objectives have been proposed, resulting in different matching problems. Among them, one that is recently proposed is online bottleneck matching with delays (OBM-D), where the objective is to optimize the maximum cost of matches and the cost of a match depends on when the match is formed (i.e., it is delay-aware). Existing solutions for OBM-D usually adopt a holding strategy, which holds the objects involved in a match available for a period so as to reduce the chance that a bad match is formed. Nevertheless, existing holding strategies are all based on human-crafted rules thus cannot adapt to the dynamics of how the objects arrive. In this paper, we propose an adaptive holding strategy which is based on reinforcement learning and develop a method called Adaptive-H on top of the new holding strategy. Besides, we prove theoretical results on how good a randomized algorithm could achieve for the OBM-D problem in terms of competitive ratio. We conduct extensive experiments on both real and synthetic datasets to verify that Adaptive-H outperforms existing algorithms in terms of both effectiveness and efﬁciency.
Prevalence of internet addiction among college students in the Indian setting: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background The internet is an integral part of everyone’s life. College going adolescents are highly vulnerable to the misuse of the internet. Aims To estimate the pooled prevalence of internet addiction (IA) among college students in India. Methods Literature databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Google Scholar) were searched for studies assessing IA using the Young Internet Addiction Test (Y-IAT) among adolescents from India, published in the English language up to December 2020. We included studies from 2010 to 2020 as this is the marked era of momentum in wireless internet connectivity in India. The methodological quality of each study was scored, and data were extracted from the published reports. Pooled prevalence was estimated using the fixed-effects model. Publication bias was evaluated using Egger’s test and visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel plots. Results Fifty studies conducted in 19 states of India estimated the prevalence of IA and the overall prevalence of IA as 19.9% (95% CI: 19.3% to 20.5%) and 40.7% (95% CI: 38.7% to 42.8%) based on the Y-IAT cut-off scores of 50 and 40, respectively. The estimated prevalence of severe IA was significantly higher in the Y-IAT cut-off points of 70 than 80 (12.7% (95% CI: 11.2% to 14.3%) vs 4.6% (95% CI: 4.1% to 5.2%)). The sampling method and quality of included studies had a significant effect on the estimation of prevalence in which studies using non-probability sampling and low risk of bias (total quality score ≥7) reported lower prevalence. The overall quality of evidence was rated as ‘moderate’ based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria. Conclusions Our nationally representative data suggest that about 20% to 40% of college students in India are at risk for IA. There is a need for further research in the reconsideration of Y-IAT cut-off points among Indian college students. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020219511.
A taxonomical revision of the Confuciusornithiformes

The Confuciusornithiformes is a basal clade of Early Cretaceous birds that includes the oldest and most basal birds with a toothless beak and an abbreviated bony tail. Over the last two decades, thousands of specimens have been collected, more than for any other group of Mesozoic birds or non-avian dinosaurs. Ten species separated into four genera have been erected with limited taxonomic phylogenetic scrutiny. Here, we perform a comparative study of these ten species, and demonstrate that most of these taxa were originally diagnosed by characters that prove to be either preservational artifacts, intraspecific variations, subject to ontogenetic variation, or widely distributed among the Confuciusornithiformes or a more phylogenetically inclusive group. Our results suggest that ‘Confuciusornis suniae’, ‘C. feducciai’, ‘Jinzhouornis yixianensis’, ‘J. zhangjiyingia’, and ‘C. jianchangensis’ are all junior synonyms of C. sanctus. ‘C. chuonzhous’ lacks autapomorphies of C. sanctus and is referred to Confuciusornithiformes incertae sedis. Our taxonomic reappraisal of published materials indicates that the Confuciusornithiformes consists of one family, three genera, and four species: C. sanctus, C. dui, Changchengornis hengdaoziensis, and Eoconfuciusornis zhengi, for which we provide revised diagnoses.
OPTH_A_272328 1517..1527

1New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; 2Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive technology that provides depth-resolved images of the chorioretinal vasculature and allows for the understanding of the changes in vasculature with diabetic retinopathy. Not only can it provide qualitative information, but OCTA can also provide quantitative information about the vasculature in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Macular vessel density is one of the quantitative metrics that can be obtained from OCTA images. This is a repeatable and non-subjective measurement that can provide valuable insight into the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy. In this non-systematic review, the measurement of macular vessel density in diabetic retinopathy and the reasons for its importance in the diagnosis and management of patients with diabetes and varying severities of diabetic retinopathy is discussed.
Eotaxin-2Th2 Cytokines, Th17 Cytokines, and of Inflammation Associated with Suppression Alendronate Attenuates Eosinophilic Airway

Bisphosphonates (BPs) have been widely used to treat osteoporosis. They act by inhibiting farnesyl diphosphate synthase in the mevalonate pathway. This resembles the action of statins, whose immune-modulating effect has recently been highlighted. In con-trast, the effect of BPs on immune responses has not been elucidated well. In this study, we examined the effect of alendronate (ALN), a nitrogen-containing BP, on allergic airway inﬂammation in a mouse model. BALB/c mice were sensitized twice with OVA and challenged three times with nebulized OVA to induce eosinophilic airway inﬂammation. ALN was administered by an intragastric tube before each inhalation. ALN strongly suppressed airway eosinophilia and Th2, as well as Th17 cytokine production in the lung. ALN also attenuated eotaxin-2 production in the lung. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the major cell source of eotaxin-2 was peribronchial/perivascular macrophages, and ﬂow cytometrical studies conﬁrmed that ALN decreased eotaxin-2 expression in these macrophages. Furthermore, ALN attenuated eotaxin-2 production from mouse pleural macrophages and human monocyte/ macrophage-like THP-1 cells in vitro. These results suggest that ALN suppressed Ag-induced airway responses in the mouse model. The suppression of eotaxin-2 production from macrophages appears to be one of ALN’s immunomodulatory effects, whereas the mechanism by which
Time-dependent 3D simulations of tropospheric ozone depletion events in the Arctic spring using WRF-Chem

Tropospheric bromine release and ozone depletion events (ODEs) as they commonly occur in the Arctic spring are studied using a regional model based on the open-source software package WRF-Chem. For this purpose, the MOZARTMOSAIC chemical reaction mechanism is extended by bromine and chlorine reactions as well as an emission mechanism for reactive bromine via heterogeneous reactions on snow surfaces. The simulation domain covers an area of 5,040 km x 4,960 km, centered north of Utqiaġvik (formerly Barrow), Alaska, and the time interval from February through May, 2009. 5 Several simulations for different strengths of the bromine emission are conducted and evaluated by comparison with in-situ and ozone-sonde measurements of ozone mixing ratios as well as by comparison with tropospheric BrO vertical column densities (VCDs) from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment–2 (GOME-2) satellite instrument. The base bromine emission scheme includes the direct emission of bromine due to bromide oxidation by ozone. Results of simulations with the base emission rate agree well with the observations, however, a simulation with 50% faster emissions performs somewhat better. The bromine 10 emission due to bromide oxidation by ozone is found to be important to provide an initial seed for the bromine explosion. Bromine release due to N2O5 was found to be important from February to mid March, but irrelevant thereafter. A comparison of modeled BrO with in-situ and MAX-DOAS data hints at missing bromine release and recycling mechanisms on land or near coasts. Consideration of halogen chemistry substantially improves the prediction of the ozone mixing ratio with respect to the observations. Meteorological nudging is essential for a good prediction of ODEs over the three months period. 15
BC-Z: Zero-Shot Task Generalization with Robotic Imitation Learning

In this paper, we study the problem of enabling a vision-based robotic manipulation system to generalize to novel tasks, a long-standing challenge in robot learning. We approach the challenge from an imitation learning perspective, aiming to study how scaling and broadening the data collected can facilitate such generalization. To that end, we develop an interactive and flexible imitation learning system that can learn from both demonstrations and interventions and can be conditioned on different forms of information that convey the task, including pre-trained embeddings of natural language or videos of humans performing the task. When scaling data collection on a real robot to more than 100 distinct tasks, we find that this system can perform 24 unseen manipulation tasks with an average success rate of 44%, without any robot demonstrations for those tasks.
Resistance to metaphor in parliamentary debates

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Phylogenetic diversity of ferns reveals different patterns of niche conservatism and habitat filtering between epiphytic and terrestrial assemblages

Much attention has been directed to understanding species richness patterns, but adding an evolutionary perspective allows us to also consider the historical processes determining current diversity patterns. We analyzed phylogenetic patterns of fern species assemblages in 868 plots along a wide range of elevational (0-4000 m) and latitudinal (0°-23°N) gradients in the Neotropics to allow a deeper understanding of evolutionary processes underlying current patterns of diversity and community assembly. Overall, we found that phylogenetic mean pairwise distance (sMPD) and mean nearest taxon distance (sMNTD) decreased with increasing latitude and elevation, but that these geographical factors per se were weak explanatory variables. Incorporating environmental variables strongly enhanced the power of the predictive model, indicating that fern assemblages are phylogenetically more diverse under wet and warm to cool conditions at low latitudes and elevations. Further, whereas epiphytic fern assemblages were strongly influenced by climatic factors, this was not the case for terrestrial ones, suggesting that edaphic conditions and vegetation structure may have a stronger influence on the evolution and diversification of terrestrial ferns. We conclude that fern assemblages are strongly influenced by phylogenetic niche conservatism and environmental filtering. This has also been found for angiosperms, but the direction of the environment-phylogenetic relationship is often opposed in the two groups, suggesting that the older age of many fern lineages includes historical signals that are not evident in the more recent angiosperm radiation.
Physiological Quality of Stored Dipteryx alata Vogel Seeds: Tetrazolium Test and Radiographic Imaging Standardization

The baru (Dipteryx alata Vogel), is fruit tree displaying economic, environmental, industrial and food importance. The objective of this study was to adapt to the tetrazolium test methodology to baru seeds and evaluate the physiological quality of seeds stored for 12 months at 10 and 20 oC, using X-ray images as a toll for detection damage throughout the storage period while also carrying out germination, emergence and electrical conductivity tests. Baru seeds remained viable for 12 months of storage, albeit with a small decrease in vigor after nine months. The applied tetrazolium test methodology was efficient in determining internal seed damage. The pre-soak time for the tetrazolium test and solution concentration was 24 hours and 0.05%. No changes in seed morphology and radiographic images were observed during the storage periods, regardless of the assessed temperature. The X-ray test enabled a precise visualization of internal baru seed structures.
Potency of Olorofim (F901318) Compared to Contemporary Antifungal Agents against Clinical <named-content content-type='genus-species'>Aspergillus fumigatus</named-content> Isolates and Review of Azole Resistance Phenotype and Genotype Epidemiology in China

Triazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus is an increasing worldwide problem that causes major challenges in the management of aspergillosis. New antifungal drugs are needed, with novel targets, that are effective in triazole-resistant infection. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the potency of the novel drug olorofim compared to contemporary antifungal agents against 111 clinical A. fumigatus isolates collected from Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China, using EUCAST methodology, and we reviewed the literature on triazole-resistant A. fumigatus (TRAF) published between 1966 and 2020 in China. Olorofim was active in vitro against all tested A. fumigatus isolates, with a MIC90 of 0.031mg/liter (range, 0.008 to 0.062mg/ liter). For 4 triazole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates, the olorofim MIC ranged between 0.016 and 0.062mg/liter. The reported rates of TRAF in China are 2.5 to 5.56% for clinical isolates and 0 to 1.4% for environmental isolates. TR34/L98H/S297T/F495I is the predominant resistance mechanism, followed by TR34/L98H. Non-TR-mediated TRAF isolates, mostly harboring a cyp51A single point mutation, showed greater genetic diversity than TR-mediated resistant isolates. Resistance due to TR34/L98H and TR34/L98H/S297T/F495I mutations among TRAF isolates might have evolved from separate local isolates in China. Continuous isolation of TRAF in China underscores the need for systematic resistance surveillance as well as the need for novel drug targets, such as olorofim.
Eﬃcient Calculation of Adversarial Examples for Bayesian Neural Networks

Calculating adversarial examples for Bayesian neural networks is cumbersome. Due to the inherent stochasticity, the gradient of the network can only be reliable approximated by sampling multiple times from the posterior, leading to a greatly increased computational cost. In this paper we propose to eﬃciently attack Bayesian neural networks with adversarial examples calculated for a deterministic network with parameters given by the mean of the posterior distribution. We show in a series of experiments, that the proposed approach can be used to eﬀectively attack Bayesian neural networks while using 4.2 times less of the resources of existing adversarial example estimation methods with comparable strength. We demonstrate that this is especially helpful during adversarial training, when multiple diﬀerent model conﬁguration need to be evaluated.