Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Introduction

Meng-chun Qi, Shu-juan Zou, Li-chi Han, Hai-xiao Zhou, Jing Hu. Expression of Bone-related Genes in Bone Marrow MSCs after Cyclic Mechanical Strain: Implications for Distraction Osteogenesis. International Journal of Oral Science, 1(3): 143–150, 2009 Aim Understanding the response of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to mechanical strain and their consequent gene expression patterns will broaden our knowledge of the mechanobiology of distraction osteogenesis. Methodology In this study, a single period of cyclic mechanical stretch (0.5 Hz, 2,000 με) was performed on rat bone marrow MSCs. Cellular proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was examined. The mRNA expression of six bone-related genes (Ets-1, bFGF, IGF-II, TGF-β, Cbfa1 and ALP) was detected using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Results The results showed that mechanical strain can promote MSCs proliferation, increase ALP activity, and up-regulate the expression of these genes. A significant increase in Ets-1 expression was detected immediately after mechanical stimulation, but Cbfa1 expression became elevated later. The temporal expression pattern of ALP coincided perfectly with Cbfa1. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that mechanical strain may act as a stimulator to induce differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts, and that these bone-related genes may play different roles in the response of MSCs to mechanical stimulation.
Correlation of Result of Blood Culture and C- Reactive Protein Test in Neonatal Septicemia

Introduction: Neonatal septicemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care unit. As the clinical manifestations are nonspecific, it is necessary to made early diagnosis to reduce morbidity and mortality. So, an effort was made to determine the correlation between blood culture and C reactive protein (CRP) in neonate presenting with features of sepsis to aid in the early and effective diagnosis. Aim: To study CRP as an early indicator of sepsis and its statistical association with blood culture in suspected cases of neonatal septicemia. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted from July 2013 to December 2013 in tertiary care teaching Hospital, Ahmedabad. Total 300 Blood samples were received from clinically suspected patients of neonatal septicemia from neonatal intensive care unit, and processed by BACT/ALERT 3D automated blood culture instrument and CRP was determined in the same. We studied association between CRP & blood culture positivity in neonatal sepsis. Results: In our study; out of 300, 143 samples had positive results for CRP test i.e. 47.6%. In a total of 93 culture positive detected sample of neonatal septicemia, 80 samples were CRP positive. It Original Research Article Purvi et al.; MRJI, 25(6): 1-5, 2018; Article no.MRJI. 45559 2 indicates the sensitivity of CRP test to detect neonatal septicemia to be 86.02%. In a total of 207 culture negative sample, 144 samples were detected negative by CRP results . Hence, the specificity of CRP was found to be 69.5%. Conclusion: The present study depicts a significant correlation between blood culture positivity and CRP levels. Thus, estimation of CRP levels and its interpretation in the light of clinical picture can aid as a tool for the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.
What's in a frame? Social organization, risk perception and the sociology of knowledge

A central problem in the sociology of knowledge has been to show that sane people can intelligibly have quite different alternative understandings of the same problem, such as a kind of risk, without abandoning the idea that there is a real problem about which to disagree, and to show the social basis of both plurality and viability. In recent decades, attempts to make this problem tractable have focused on the idea of a ‘frame’. Theories of frames offer accounts of the range of content, as distinguished from theories of processes of diffusion, of which risk amplification theory is the best known example. In this article, several theories of frames – those of Goffman, D'Andrade, Moscovici, Gamson, Schön and Rein, and of prospect theory – found are to be inadequate, because of their lack of clarity and plausibility in their answers to four key questions: ‘what is the relationship between sense‐making and bias? ’, ‘how are frames to be individuated? ’, ‘where do frames come from? ’, and ‘how far and how can people move between frames? ’. The article makes the case for a neo‐Durkheimian institutional theory developed by Douglas and others. This approach derives frames as concrete applications to specific contexts from thought styles, which are in turn the product of solidarities or institutional styles of social organization, because it can offer clear, testable, parsimonious hypotheses with which to answer these four questions. The theory therefore provides an account of the institutional logic of framing, and presents reasons for preferring this to non‐institutional approaches such as the various kinds of cognitivism. The article offers three conceptual innovations with which to develop the neo‐Durkheimian theory, in order better to deal with the crucial fourth question about the scope for mobility between frames. These innovations and some specific hypotheses about the scope for mobility between frames are supported by consideration of some exploratory qualitative empirical research on privacy risk perception. The theory provides a more satisfactory strategy for tackling the core problem than most others, by showing plurality to be limited, by showing clear and specific social bases for plurality of frames, by neither wholly endorsing nor wholly rejecting any basic bias, and by showing that their conflictual and systemic interdependence is what makes for viability.
Ovarian Stimulation and the Endometrium: New Approaches and Insights

textabstractWhen one considers the recognized 'causes' of infertility, problems with gamete quality and availability rank highly, as does the means of their transport, whether it be through the fallopian tubes in the female or vas deferens in the male. Conception is seen as the primary goal, and fertility therapies are currently focused on helping couples achieve this. In around 25% of couples with fertility problems, medical investigation reveals no such clear cause. It is now understood however, that while a couple may succeed in conception, implantation failure may be the underlying reason for their difficulties in achieving a pregnancy (Macklon et al., 2002). Implantations depend on the succesful interaction between the embryo and the endometrium of the uterus. Since the earliest days of in vitro fertilization (IVF) the focus of attention has been the embryo. In order to obtain multiple embryos to allow selection for transfer to the uterus, complex ovarian stimulation regimens have been devised which result in many oocytes being harvested for fertilization. In most women, these stimulation regimens succefully achieve this aim. Yet despite the ability to produce large numbers of embryos for selection for transfer, pregnancy rates from IVF remain around 25% per started cycle (ESHRE 2008). Once the embryo is transferred into the uterus, it must interact with the endometrium, and in the majority of treatment cycles, this is the moment in which failure occurs. The role played by the endometrium as a determinant factor of fertility treatment, and in particular IVF outcomes remains unclear. Moreover, the impact of ovarian stimulation on endometrial quality is only now beginning to be elucidated. In this introductory chapter, the hormonal control of endometrial development is reviewed, and current approaches for assessing the receptivity of the endometrium to the embryo are critically assessed (Chapter 1.1.1). The concept of the 'implantation window' is introduced (Chapter 1.1.2) and the molecular regulation of endometrial maturation and implantation is reviewed (Chapter 1.2), with emphasis on the most important of the described markers of receptivity (Chapter 1.3). The challenges of studying the impact of ovarian stimulation on endometrium are described (Chapter 1.4) as a prelude to introducing a novel means of addressing these by studying endometrial secretion fluid (Chapter 1.5). These considerations lead to the defining of the objectives of the research described in this thesis (Chapter 1.6).
Measuring Political Brands: An Art and a Science of Mapping the Mind

The field of political brands has developed a host of approaches and explored a variety of cases over the last years. However, less attention has been devoted to brand measurement—specifically efforts to construct a measure that attempts to explain the relationship between voters and parties. Against this backdrop, this article discusses how to measure a political brand by first selecting one part of the diverse brand concept for further investigation. Next, the two existing brand measures in the literature are evaluated, and the article proposes an alternative measure that underlines a stronger connection to the immense political science literature on voters and parties. Then, the three measures are compared by empirically investigating which measure is best at explaining voters' party sympathy. Here, it is demonstrated that the alternative measure seems to be the most valid and reliable construct when it comes to explaining voters' sympathy for a particular party. Finally, the proposed alternative measure is further validated in a representative sample (N = 2251), establishing a preliminary correlation between party brand and voter sympathy.
Complecto errorem: Embracing Uncertainty in Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis.

Partitioned substitution models for phylogenetic inference are now ubiquitous in studies utilizing multiple character classes (e.g. genomes, genes, coding/non-coding regions, codon positions, stems/loops, etc.). The appeal of this approach is that heterogeneity in the evolutionary process across sundry partitions can be more finely and accurately modelled than under a single compromised model of molecular substitution. Published studies using various model selection criteria statistically justify this practice by indicating that the additional substitution model parameters required in partitionedmodels leads to a significantly better fit to empirical data. However, the accommodation of branch length (BL) heterogeneity across partitions in such models has received little attention. The default method for many phylogenetic reconstruction programs supporting partition-specific rates is to treat BLs as proportional across partitions. This is a very economical way to accommodate heterogeneity across P partitions, as only P extra BL parameters are required (relative rate parameters), as opposed to an extra P×(2T – 3) parameters when estimating BLs uniquely for each partition (where T = number of taxa). Although the difference in the number of estimable parameters can vary substantially across BL treatments (depending on both P and T), the assumption of BL proportionality is rarely tested, and it is unclear how violation of this assumption might influence phylogenetic inference. We present here a molecular phylogenetic analysis of all extant species of the New World Vultures (Aves: Cathartidae) and show that while mitochondrial (mt)DNA fails to reject the proportionality assumption, support for the assumption from nuclear (nuc)DNA depends on the model selection criteria employed.
Community Acceptability of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) as a Strategy in the Fight against the Spread of HIV and AIDS among Residents of Homa-Bay County Kenya

Background: Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) reduces female-to-male transmission of HIV by about 60% leading to the global WHO and UNAIDS recommendation of VMMC to men. A traditionally non-circumcising Luo ethnic community predominantly occupies Homa-Bay County in western Kenya where the uptake of VMMC as an intervention for prevention of HIV acquisition has been low. Community dialogue is a participatory communication process of sharing information aimed at reaching a common understanding and workable solution. The current study documented the baseline status on the acceptability of uptake of VMMC and access to voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) among residents of Homa-Bay County, Kenya prior to intervention (community dialogue). Methods: Males of Luo ethnic group, uncircumcised and aged 18-49 years drawn from 419 households were recruited. Baseline information (before intervention) were collected to capture the acceptance of VMMC, circumcision status and testing for HIV in the population. Structured and semi-structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Results: Analysis showed that in Ndhiwa, Rachuonyo North and Suba South Sub-counties, 54.9%, 84.1% and 69.8%, respectively, had accessed VCT, while 3.5%, 0.7% and 10.8%, respectively had undergone VMMC. The proportions of those who accessed VCT services were significantly higher (P<0.0001) while the proportions of those who had undergone VMMC were significantly lower (P<0.0001) across the three sub-counties. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that even though majority access VCT services to know their HIV status, significantly few men decide to undergo VMMC. This revealed a decreased acceptability of this service in Homa-Bay County prior to the intervention.
Comparing confidence intervals for Goodman and Kruskal's gamma coefficient

This study was motivated by the question which type of confidence interval (CI) one should use to summarize sample variance of Goodman and Kruskal's coefficient gamma. In a Monte-Carlo study, we investigated the coverage and computation time of the Goodman–Kruskal CI, the Cliff-consistent CI, the profile likelihood CI, and the score CI for Goodman and Kruskal's gamma, under several conditions. The choice for Goodman and Kruskal's gamma was based on results of Woods [Consistent small-sample variances for six gamma-family measures of ordinal association. Multivar Behav Res. 2009;44:525–551], who found relatively poor coverage for gamma for very small samples compared to other ordinal association measures. The profile likelihood CI and the score CI had the best coverage, close to the nominal value, but those CIs could often not be computed for sparse tables. The coverage of the Goodman–Kruskal CI and the Cliff-consistent CI was often poor. Computation time was fast to reasonably fast for all types of CI.
Efficiency of ranked set sampling in tests for normality

ABSTRACT In this article, we consider the ranked set sampling (RSS) and investigate seven tests for normality under RSS. Each test is described and then power of each test is obtained by Monte Carlo simulations under various alternatives. Finally, the powers of the tests based on RSS are compared with the powers of the tests based on the simple random sampling and the results are discussed.
European section

This article discusses the methodological approach taken in an EU Marie Curie funded fellowship,1 which investigated the transition from school to work in the Irish Republic and England. The main focus of the study was to locate the transition process within more general labour market change, and examine how issues such as organizational change, changing work patterns, skill change and the demand for formal quali cations have impacted upon the demand for youth labour. Indeed, such has been the pace and depth of change, one could ask the question whether there is now a labour market for young people. Labour market integration of young people has remained a priority of EU social and economic policy. The Essen Summit on Employment in December 1994 identi ed young people as one of  ve groups that are particularly vulnerable to labour market change. While employment has increased across all EU countries, youth unemployment has remained persistently high. One of the main reasons being that young people do not have the necessary formal quali cations or skills for jobs in new and expanding areas of the labour market. Consequently, they are being pushed into a smaller number of low paid, lowskilled and insecure occupations within the service industry. Increasingly, the focus at both national and EU level has centred upon raising the skill level and employability of vulnerable groups. Indeed, the Lisbon European Council of March 2001 called upon the Council and the Commission to ‘improve employability and reduce skills gaps’ with the overall aim being the reduction of poverty and exclusion in the EU (Barbier, Porte, and Pochet, 2001: 68). Similarly, the provision of real and sustainable employment opportunities was placed at the heart of the European Council of Vienna, while the Cologne European Council called for the development of a European Employment pact aimed at the reduction of unemployment and providing jobs for all sections of the labour force (EUROSTAT, 1999a). However, in both Ireland and England, there is recognition that early school leavers are particularly disadvantaged in the labour market. In the UK, it is estimated that at any one time 9 per cent (161,000) of 16–18 year olds are neither in education, training or employment (NIERC, 1997). Similarly in Ireland, the European Social Fund Evaluation Unit
Attenuation of Arsenic-Induced Dyslipidemia by Fruit Extract of Emblica Officinalis in Mice

Introduction: In our earlier studies, we reported that arsenic-induced enhanced oxidative stress, apoptosis, immunotoxicity and inflammation in the spleen and thymus of mice and hepatotoxicity have been protected through treatment with Emblica officinalis (amla). The present study is focused on to the efficacy of amla in mitigation of arsenic-induced dyslipidemia and alterations in inflammatory biomarkers in the blood of mice. Materials and Methods: Mice were randomly divided into four groups and treated with sodium arsenite (3 mg/kg b.w., per os), amla (500 mg/kg b.w., per os) and simultaneously with arsenic and amla daily for 30 days. Results: Arsenic treatment altered the hematological and lipid profile by increasing total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and decreasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels as compared to controls. Treatment with arsenic also disturbed the levels of inflammatory biomarkers. Concurrent treatment with arsenic and amla significantly restored serum TC level (0.83-fold), TG level (0.92-fold), LDL level (0.72-fold), PL level (1.29-fold), and increased HDL level (1.4-fold). Inflammatory cytokine levels were also corrected significantly as serum interleukin-8 level (0.6-fold) and C-reactive protein level decreased (0.7-fold) respectively, while interleukin-10 level was increased (1.5-fold) as compared to those treated with arsenic alone. The alterations in hematological parameters were also found to be normalized by treatment of amla. Conclusion: The results of the present study strengthen the fact that nutritional supplement of amla in arsenic affected areas might improve the adverse effects of arsenic on lipid profile.
Market review

The Editor would like to thank all contributors for the material which they have subscribed to the review section. The reports included in the review have been received since the publication of the last issue of the Journal . The Market Review section seeks to provide a comprehensive coverage of the wide body of property market research thereby helping to make the market more transparent by providing analysis of property performance, primarily sectoral and regional trends. Most of the reports relate to the market in the United Kingdom; however, European and international real estate trends are also considered. Further details of the reports can be obtained from the contributors’ websites, the addresses of which are detailed below.
Bipolar Endometrial Resection (BER) Versus Non Descent Vaginal Hysterectomy (NDVH) For Leiomyoma Induced Heavy Menstrual Bleeding

Patients & Methods: An open label randomized controlled trial was conducted between February 2013 and October 2014 in Benha University Hospital, Benha, Egypt. Eligible women with HMB (Aged > 40 years and < 50 years, uterine size < 12 weeks of pregnancy, leiomyoma < 3 cm, uterocervical < 12 cm) were randomly assigned (1 : 1) to undergo BER or NDVH by closed envelopes method. The primary outcome was the number of women in the BER group with HMB 6 months after surgery. Analyses were by intention to treat.
Expert consensus document American College of Cardiology / European Society of Cardiology Clinical Expert Consensus Document on Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

JONATHAN ABRAMS, MD, FACC ERIC R. BATES, MD, FACC BRUCE R. BRODIE, MD, FACC* PETER G. DANIAS, MD, PHD, FACC* GABRIEL GREGORATOS, MD, FACC MARK A. HLATKY, MD, FACC JUDITH S. HOCHMAN, MD, FACC *Former members of Task Force; †Former Chair of Task Force SANJIV KAUL, MBBS, FACC ROBERT C. LICHTENBERG, MD, FACC JONATHAN R. LINDNER, MD, FACC ROBERT A. O’ROURKE, MD, FACC† GERALD M. POHOST, MD, FACC RICHARD S. SCHOFIELD, MD, FACC CYNTHIA M. TRACY, MD, FACC* WILLIAM L. WINTERS, JR, MD, MACC*
Effects of scattered Acacia tortilis (Forssk) hayne on soil properties in different land uses in Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Among several agroforestry practices in the Central Rift Valley (CRV) of Ethiopia, Acacia tortilis-dominated Parkland agroforestry systems are common. Utilizable information regarding the effects of the tree species on soil conditions in Ethiopia is very scarce to be of use for improved agricultural productivity. This study was conducted in three land use types in CRV areas in Oromia National Regional State in Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of A. tortilis on soil fertility variations along a gradient from the tree base to open area in different land use types. Soil samples from surface layers (0–15 cm) were taken at four concentric transects distances from tree base (0.5, 2 and 4 m), compared with soil samples from the adjacent open areas (15 m distance from the tree canopy cover), and then analyzed following the standard procedures. The results of the study indicated that except for Na the amount of soil nutrients under A. tortilis were significantly varied (P < 0.05) in the land use types. Generally, comparisons between under the canopy and outside the canopy of the tree species indicated a highly significant difference on major soil fertility parameters. The effect of the tree species on soil fertility parameters was significantly higher with the distance from the tree base to outside of the canopy. But soil texture was not affected, indicating that it is more related to parent material and land use practices than the tree influence. The study revealed that the indigenous Parkland agroforestry practices of A. tortilis tree improve soil fertility. Hence, the soil patches observed under A. tortilis trees can be important local nutrient reserves, leading to soil heterogeneity in an otherwise uniform agricultural landscape. This may be important for the agricultural landscape health and on farm biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes of similar agroecological conditions.
NUTRIENT DEPRIVATION AFFECTS XYLEM SAP FLOW AND WATER CHANNEL FUNCTION IN TOMATO PLANTS

ABSTRACT Heat-balance sap-flow gauge was used to measure xylem sap flow through the main stem of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. cv. Young-Kwang) plants grown under nitrogen- or phosphorus-deficient nutrient solutions for nine days. Nitrogen deficient plants transported less sap than phosphorus deficient plants. Moreover, the effect of nitrogen deficiency on xylem sap flow was rapid, appearing within one day of treatment. Addition of mercury to nutrient solution induced immediate and drastic reduction in sap flow of both control and nutrient deprived plants. Subsequent use of dithiothreitol (DTT), however, did not recover sap flow in nutrient deprived plants. This suggests that the alteration in the characteristics of water channel was due to nutrient deficiencies.