Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of an approach to clinical decision support for preventing inpatient falls: a pragmatic trial

Abstract Objectives To assess whether a fall-prevention clinical decision support (CDS) approach using electronic analytics that stimulates risk-targeted interventions is associated with reduced rates of falls and injurious falls. Materials and Methods The CDS intervention included a machine-learning prediction algorithm, individual risk-factor identification, and guideline-based prevention recommendations. After a 5-month plan-do-study-act quality improvement initiative, the CDS intervention was implemented at an academic tertiary hospital and compared with the usual care using a pretest (lasting 24 months and involving 23 498 patients) and posttest (lasting 13 months and involving 17 341 patients) design in six nursing units. Primary and secondary outcomes were the rates of falls and injurious falls per 1000 hospital days, respectively. Outcome measurements were tested using a priori Poisson regression and adjusted with patient-level covariates. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to age. Results The age distribution, sex, hospital and unit lengths of stay, number of secondary diagnoses, fall history, condition at admission, and overall fall rate per 1000 hospital days did not differ significantly between the intervention and control periods before (1.88 vs 2.05, respectively, P = .1764) or after adjusting for demographics. The injurious-falls rate per 1000 hospital days decreased significantly before (0.68 vs 0.45, P = .0171) and after (rate difference = –0.64, P = .0212) adjusting for demographics. The differences in injury rates were greater among patients aged at least 65 years. Conclusions This study suggests that a well-designed CDS intervention employing electronic analytics was associated with a decrease in fall-related injuries. The benefits from this intervention were greater in elderly patients aged at least 65 years. Trial Registration This study was conducted as part of a more extensive study registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) (KCT0005378).
Macroecological diversification of ants is linked to angiosperm evolution

Abstract Ants are abundant, diverse, and occupy nearly all habitats and regions of the world. Previous work has demonstrated that ant diversification coincided with the rise of the angiosperms, and that several plant traits evolved as ants began to expand their nesting and foraging habits. In this study, we investigate whether associations with plants enabled niche expansion and are linked to climatic niche evolution in ants. Our analysis of over 1,400 ant species reveals that ancestral expansion from forest floors into the canopy and out into non-forested habitats closely followed evolutionary innovations in angiosperms. Several Paleogene-Neogene ant lineages independently diversified in non-forested habitats on multiple continents, tracking the evolution and expansion of elaiosome-bearing and arid-adapted angiosperms. The evolution of arboreal nesting tracked shifts in angiosperm physiology associated with the onset of everwet tropical rainforests, and climatic optima and rates of climatic niche evolution were linked to nesting location, with arboreally nesting groups having warmer and less seasonal climatic optima, and lower rates of climatic niche evolution. Our work further underscores the varied paths by which niche diversification occurred in ants, and how angiosperms influenced the ecological and evolutionary trajectories of interacting lineages.
Quantitative Morphometry and Machine Learning Model to Explore Duodenal and Rectal Mucosal Tissue of Children with Environmental Enteric Dysfunction

ABSTRACT. Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a subclinical enteropathy prevalent in resource-limited settings, hypothesized to be a consequence of chronic exposure to environmental enteropathogens, resulting in malnutrition, growth failure, neurocognitive delays, and oral vaccine failure. This study explored the duodenal and colonic tissues of children with EED, celiac disease, and other enteropathies using quantitative mucosal morphometry, histopathologic scoring indices, and machine learning–based image analysis from archival and prospective cohorts of children from Pakistan and the United States. We observed villus blunting as being more prominent in celiac disease than in EED, as shorter lengths of villi were observed in patients with celiac disease from Pakistan than in those from the United States, with median (interquartile range) lengths of 81 (73, 127) µm and 209 (188, 266) µm, respectively. Additionally, per the Marsh scoring method, celiac disease histologic severity was increased in the cohorts from Pakistan. Goblet cell depletion and increased intraepithelial lymphocytes were features of EED and celiac disease. Interestingly, the rectal tissue from cases with EED showed increased mononuclear inflammatory cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes in the crypts compared with controls. Increased neutrophils in the rectal crypt epithelium were also significantly associated with increased EED histologic severity scores in duodenal tissue. We observed an overlap between diseased and healthy duodenal tissue upon leveraging machine learning image analysis. We conclude that EED comprises a spectrum of inflammation in the duodenum, as previously described, and the rectal mucosa, warranting the examination of both anatomic regions in our efforts to understand and manage EED.
Lift on a sphere moving near a wall in a parabolic flow

The lift on a solid sphere moving along a wall in a parabolic shear flow is obtained as a regular perturbation problem for low Reynolds number when the sphere is in the inner region of expansion. Comprehensive results are given for the 10 terms of the lift, which involve the sphere translation and rotation, the linear and quadratic parts of the shear flow and all binary couplings. Based on very accurate earlier results of a creeping flow in bispherical coordinates, precise results for these lift terms are obtained for a large range of sphere-to-wall distances, including the lubrication region for sphere-to-wall gaps down to 0.01 of a sphere radius. Fitting formulae are also provided in view of applications. The migration velocity of an inertialess spherical particle is given explicitly, for a non-rotating sphere with a prescribed translation velocity and for a freely moving sphere in a parabolic shear flow. Values of the lift and migration velocity are in good agreement with earlier results whenever available.
A Differential Rectifier With ${V}_{TH}$ Compensation for High-Frequency RF Inputs

A CMOS differential-drive bootstrap (BS) rectifier achieving an efficient dynamic threshold voltage (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{TH}$</tex-math></inline-formula>)-drop compensation at high-frequency RF inputs is proposed for small biomedical implants with wireless power transmission. A bootstrapping circuit with a dynamically controlled NMOS transistor and two capacitors is proposed to implement a dynamic <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{TH}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-drop compensation (DVC). The proposed bootstrapping circuit dynamically compensates the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{TH}$</tex-math></inline-formula> drop of the main rectifying transistors by generating a compensation voltage only when the compensation is required, improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the proposed BS rectifier. The proposed BS rectifier is designed for an ISM-band frequency of 433.92 MHz. A prototype of the proposed rectifier is co-fabricated in a 0.18-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>m standard CMOS process with another configuration of the rectifier and two conventional BS rectifiers for fair performance comparison at various conditions. According to the measurement results, the proposed BS rectifier achieves better DC output voltage level, voltage conversion ratio, and PCE than the conventional BS rectifiers. With 0-dBm input power, 433.92-MHz frequency, and 3-k<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega$</tex-math></inline-formula> load resistor, the proposed BS rectifier achieves a peak PCE of 68.5%.
Effects of physical activity level on quality of life, stress, and dietary behavior in people living with HIV/AIDS: A pilot study

The aim of this study was to analyze the daily physical activity and the relationship between the physical activity levels and psychological variables of Koreans with HIV. Twenty-two people with HIV participated in this study. The participants completed questionnaires, and we assessed the daily physical activity for 2 weeks. The daily physical activity level of most of the participants was low-intensity; high-intensity activities were only performed for approximately 1 minute. The participants had unhealthy dietary habits, such as eating 2 meals a day, eating irregularly, and skipping breakfast. Psychological well-being and environmental satisfaction were higher in the high-intensity group than in the medium- and low-intensity groups (P < .05). The overall stress level among the groups was statistically significantly different (P < .05), and the stress level was lower in the high-intensity group than in the low- and medium-intensity groups. Restraint eating was higher in the low-intensity group than in the medium- and high-intensity groups (P < .05). However, among the groups, the external eating variable was highest in the high-intensity group (P < .05). Daily physical activity during positively affects the physical and mental well-being of people living with HIV.
Patient stratification using point of care biomarkers in dry eye disease

With changes in lifestyle, such as the increasing use of digital screens and rising demand for refractive surgery, dry eye disease has become increasingly prevalent in recent times. While we are equipped with a number of diagnostic modalities and a myriad of treatment forms, ranging from topical medication to procedural therapies, the condition remains an enigma in terms of varied patient satisfaction. An understanding of the molecular basis of a disease may open up new avenues in the customization of its treatment. We attempt to simplify this in the form of a stepwise protocol to incorporate biomarker assays in dry eye management.
Identification of young females at high risk of suicide following hospital-treated self-harm in Victoria, Australia

Objective: We conducted a data linkage study in Victoria, Australia, to determine the proportion of young females who are treated in hospital for self-harm who go on to die by suicide within 5 years and to identify factors associated with increased suicide risk in this same cohort. Method: We undertook a cohort study following 3689 female patients aged 10–24 years, who were initially treated in hospital for self-harm during the 2-year period January 2011 to December 2012. We followed each patient for 5 years unless they died first, in which case, they were followed until their date of death. We used inpatient admissions from the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset and emergency department presentations from the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset linked to death data from two sources, the Victorian Suicide Register and the National Death Index. Results: Twenty-eight individuals (0.76% of the total cohort) died by suicide within 5 years of their index admission. In multivariate survival analysis, only suicide ideation at the time of self-harm (hazard ratio = 4.59; 95% confidence interval: 1.70, 12.38) and a decreasing time between successive self-harm episodes (hazard ratio = 4.38; 95% confidence interval: 1.28, 15.00) were associated with increased suicide risk. Conclusion: Although the vast majority of young females who present to hospital for self-harm do not die by suicide within 5 years, our results suggest young females expressing suicide ideation and those presenting frequently with decreasing time between successive episodes should be prioritised for suicide-prevention efforts.
Reduction of DNA damage repair efficiency and accumulation of residual damage following chronic UVB-irradiation of HaCaT cells

Absorption of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) by DNA leads to the predominant formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD). Since those CPD are responsible for the driver mutations found in skin cancers, their efficient repair is critical. We previously showed that pre-stimulation of fibroblasts with chronic low doses of UVB (CLUV) increases CPD repair efficiency. Since skin cancers are not arising from dermal fibroblasts, this observation is not directly relevant to cutaneous carcinogenesis. We have now exposed HaCaT keratinocytes to a CLUV irradiation protocol to determine whether this pre-stimulation influences CPD removal rate. Similar to fibroblasts, CLUV treatment leads to the accumulation of residual CPD in keratinocytes, which are not repaired but rather tolerated and diluted through DNA replication. In contrast to fibroblasts, in keratinocytes we find that CLUV pre-treatment reduces CPD removal of newly generated damage without inducing a higher sensitivity to UVR-induced cell death. Using our experimental data, we derived a theoretical model to predict CPD induction, dilution and repair that occur in keratinocytes when chronically UVB-irradiated. Altogether, these results suggest that the accumulation of unrepaired CPD and the reduction in repair efficiency caused by chronic UVB exposure might lead to an increase in skin cancer driver mutations.
Associations of cholecystectomy with the risk of colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study

Abstract Background: Cholecystectomy is a standard surgery for patients suffering from gallbladder diseases, while the causal effects of cholecystectomy on colorectal cancer (CRC) and other complications are still unknown. Methods: We obtained genetic variants associated with cholecystectomy at a genome-wide significant level (P value <5 × 10−8) as instrumental variables (IVs) and performed Mendelian randomization (MR) to identify the complications of cholecystectomy. Furthermore, the cholelithiasis was also treated as the exposure to compare its causal effects to those of cholecystectomy, and multivariable MR analysis was carried out to judge whether the effect of cholecystectomy was independent of cholelithiasis. The study was reported based on Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Using Mendelian Randomization guidelines. Results: The selected IVs explained 1.76% variance of cholecystectomy. Our MR analysis suggested that cholecystectomy cannot elevate the risk of CRC (odds ratio [OR] =1.543, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.607–3.924). Also, it was not significant in either colon or rectum cancer. Intriguingly, cholecystectomy might decrease the risk of Crohn's disease (OR = 0.078, 95% CI: 0.016–0.368) and coronary heart disease (OR = 0.352, 95% CI: 0.164–0.756). However, it might increase the risk of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (OR = 7.573, 95% CI: 1.096–52.318). Cholelithiasis could increase the risk of CRC in the largest population (OR = 1.041, 95% CI: 1.010–1.073). The multivariable MR analysis suggested that genetic liability to cholelithiasis could increase the risk of CRC in the largest population (OR = 1.061, 95% CI: 1.002–1.125) after adjustment of cholecystectomy. Conclusions: The study indicated that cholecystectomy might not increase the risk of CRC, but such a conclusion needs further proving by clinical equivalence. Additionally, it might increase the risk of IBS, which should be paid attention to in clinical practice.
Development and Preliminary Validation of the KOOS-ACL: A Short Form Version of the KOOS for Young Active Patients With ACL Tears

Background: The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score (KOOS) is a widely used region-specific outcome measure for assessing patients of all ages with a variety of knee conditions. Use of the KOOS for young active patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear has been called into question regarding its relevance and interpretability for this specific population. Furthermore, the KOOS does not have adequate structural validity for use in high-functioning patients with ACL deficiency. Purpose: To develop a condition-specific short form version of the KOOS that is appropriate for the young active population with ACL deficiency: the KOOS-ACL. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A baseline data set of 618 young patients (≤25 years old) with ACL tears was divided into development and validation samples. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted in the development sample to identify the underlying factor structure and to reduce the number of items based on statistical and conceptual indicators. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to check fit indices of the proposed KOOS-ACL model in both samples. Psychometric properties of the KOOS-ACL were assessed using the same data set, expanded to include patient data from 5 time points (baseline and postoperative 3, 6, 12, and 24 months). Internal consistency reliability, structural validity, convergent validity, responsiveness to change, floor/ceiling effects, and detection of treatment effects between surgical interventions (ACL reconstruction alone vs ACL reconstruction + lateral extra-articular tenodesis) were assessed. Results: A 2-factor structure was deemed most appropriate for the KOOS-ACL. Of 42 items, 30 were removed from the full-length KOOS. The final KOOS-ACL model showed acceptable internal consistency reliability (α = .79-.90), structural validity (comparative fit index and Tucker-Lewis index = 0.98-0.99; root mean square error of approximation and standardized root mean square residual = 0.04-0.07), convergent validity (Spearman correlation with International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form = 0.61-0.83), and responsiveness across time (significant small to large effects; P < .05). Conclusion: The new KOOS-ACL questionnaire contains 12 items and 2 subscales—Function (8 items) and Sport (4 items)—relevant to young active patients with an ACL tear. Use of this short form would reduce patient burden by more than two-thirds; it provides improved structural validity as compared with the full-length KOOS for our population of interest; and it demonstrates adequate psychometric properties in our sample of young active patients undergoing ACL reconstruction.
Autoantibodies targeting type I interferons: Prevalence, mechanisms of induction, and association with viral disease susceptibility

The type I IFN (IFN‐I) system is essential to limit severe viral disease in humans. Thus, IFN‐I deficiencies are associated with serious life‐threatening infections. Remarkably, some rare individuals with chronic autoimmune diseases develop neutralizing autoantibodies (autoAbs) against IFN‐Is thereby compromising their own innate antiviral defenses. Furthermore, the prevalence of anti‐IFN‐I autoAbs in apparently healthy individuals increases with age, such that ∼4% of those over 70 years old are affected. Here, I review the literature on factors that may predispose individuals to develop anti‐IFN‐I autoAbs, such as reduced self‐tolerance caused by defects in the genes AIRE, NFKB2, and FOXP3 (among others), or by generally impaired thymus function, including thymic involution in the elderly. In addition, I discuss the hypothesis that predisposed individuals develop anti‐IFN‐I autoAbs following “autoimmunization” with IFN‐Is generated during some acute viral infections, systemic inflammatory events, or chronic IFN‐I exposure. Finally, I highlight the enhanced susceptibility that individuals with anti‐IFN‐I autoAbs appear to have towards viral diseases such as severe COVID‐19, influenza, or herpes (e.g., varicella‐zoster virus, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus), as well as adverse reactions to live‐attenuated vaccines. Understanding the mechanisms underlying development and consequences of anti‐IFN‐I autoAbs will be key to implementing effective prophylactic and therapeutic measures.
circSOBP Inhibits Bladder Cancer Proliferation and Metastasis by Regulating the miR-200a-3p/PTEN Axis and Participating in the Immune Response

A growing body of evidence shows that circular RNAs (circRNAs) participate in tumor growth and metastasis and also play crucial roles in the treatment and prognosis of various cancers. In this article, we identified a novel circRNA, circSOBP (has_circ_0001633), based on the results of high-throughput RNA sequencing, and its expression was subsequently validated via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in bladder cancer (BCa) tissues and cell lines. The association between circSOBP expression and the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of 56 recruited BCa patients was then analyzed, and the biological roles of circSOBP were assessed by in vitro cloning formation, wound healing, transwell, CCK-8, and in vivo xenograft mouse models. Next, the competitive endogenous RNA mechanism was explored through fluorescence in situ hybridization, RNA pull-down, luciferase reporter, bioinformatics analysis, and rescue experiments. Western blot and immunohistochemistry detected the expression of downstream mRNA, and we were able to determine that circSOBP was downregulated in BCa tissues and cell lines and that lower circSOBP expression was associated with more advanced pathological stage, larger tumor size, and poorer overall survival with BCa patients. Overexpressed circSOBP suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, competitive interactions between circSOBP and miR-200a-3p enhanced target gene PTEN expression. In addition, we found a significant correlation between higher expression of circSOBP in BCa patients after immunotherapy than before and a better treatment outcome, indicating that circSOBP might regulate the programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 pathway. Overall, circSOBP inhibits BCa tumorigenesis and metastasis by a novel miR-200a-3p/PTEN axis, which makes it an excellent biomarker and therapeutic target for treating BCa.
Lockdown and psychological stress in Wuhan, China

Background Wuhan was the epicenter of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), outbreak in China. We aimed at surveying the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological state and its influencing factors after the Wuhan shutdown on January 23. Methods The cross-sectional survey was conducted online and 4,701 respondents participated in this survey. Of them, 3,803 respondents were considered for final analysis. Data on subjective indicators of daily life changes were collected, and individual scores on changes in anxiety, depression, and stress were tested by 8-item, 11-item, and 6-item questionnaires, respectively. Results Multivariable regression analyses showed that living in the rural areas, living in the other regions except Hubei, and higher education were independent correlates of less negative emotions. Besides, the level of attention, self-assessed infection risk, impact on the daily life and mental health help-seeking tended to be positively associated with the scores of anxiety, depression, and stress. Conclusions City of residence, education, marital status, monthly income, level of attention, self-assessed infection risk, impact on daily life and mental health help-seeking were important correlates of anxiety, depression, and stress scores.