Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON THE DRUG USAGE PATTERN OF CEPHALOSPORINS IN THE GENERAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENT

To analyse the prescribing pattern of cephalosporins among patients admitted in the department of general medicine. A retrospective study was conducted for six months in the department of general medicine of Justice K.S. Hegde Charitable Hospital, Deralakatte, Mangaluru. The data of the patients who met the inclusion criteria was collected in a suitably designed data collection form. Relevant details of patients prescribed with cephalosporins such as their complete demographic profile, social habits, duration of hospital stay were obtained. Data including the name of cephalosporin agent administered, route of administration, co-prescribed drugs were also recorded. Out of 250 patients enrolled, males 132 (52.8%) were found to be predominant over the females 118 (47.2%). Majority of the patients 65 (26.8%) belonged to the age group of 18-29 years. 67 (26.8%) patients were diagnosed with lower respiratory tract infection followed by urinary tract infection and acute gastroenteritis, 32 (12.8%) each. Only third generation cephalosporin agents were prescribed among the subjects and ceftriaxone was found to be the highest prescribed among 159 (60.0%) patients. Majority of the subjects (86.4%) had intravenous route of administration of cephalosporins. 205 (82.0%) prescriptions used brand names of cephalosporin agents. Azithromycin (14.8%) and metronidazole (9.6%) were found to be the most commonly co-prescribed antibiotics. The most commonly prescribed cephalosporin antibiotic agent was found to be ceftriaxone, belonging to the third generation class. The study provides an insight to the healthcare professionals including clinical pharmacists on the need to work together for practicing rational use of antibiotics.
DISK: A Distributed Framework for Single-Source SimRank with Accuracy Guarantee

Measuring similarities among different nodes is important in graph analysis. SimRank is one of the most popular similarity measures. Given a graph G ( V , E ) and a source node u , a single-source Sim-Rank query returns the similarities between u and each node v ∈ V . This type of query is often used in link prediction, personalized recommendation and spam detection. While dealing with a large graph is beyond the ability of a single machine due to its limited memory and computational power, it is necessary to process single-source SimRank queries in a distributed environment, where the graph is partitioned and distributed across multiple machines. However, most current solutions are based on shared-memory model, where the whole graph is loaded into a shared memory and all processors can access the graph randomly. It is difficult to deploy such algorithms on shared-nothing model. In this paper, we present DISK, a distributed framework for processing single-source Sim-Rank queries. DISK follows the linearized formulation of SimRank, and consists of offline and online phases. In the offline phase, a tree-based method is used to estimate the diagonal correction matrix of SimRank accurately, and in the online phase, single-source similarities are computed iteratively. Under this framework, we propose different optimization techniques to boost the indexing and queries. DISK guarantees both accuracy and parallel scalability, which distinguishes itself from existing solutions. Its accuracy, efficiency, parallel scalability and scalability are also verified by extensive experimental studies. The experiments show that DISK scales up to graphs of billions of nodes and edges, and answers
Inherent Optical Properties‐Reflectance Relationships Revisited

Remote sensing reflectance, Rrs(λ) (sr), has been listed by the Global Climate Observation System as an essential climate variable thanks to its fundamental role in enabling observation of biogeochemical processes in the upper ocean (GCOS, 2003, and following updates; Groom et al., 2019). Theoretical studies have shown that apparent optical properties (AOPs) of the water such as sub-surface and above-surface remote sensing reflectance, rrs(0, λ) and Rrs(0, λ) respectively, are related to inherent optical properties (IOPs) such as absorption, a(λ) (m), and backscattering, bb(λ) (m), coefficients which in turn are controlled by the types and concentrations of in-water optical constituents. Significant effort has been devoted to deriving both IOPs and constituent concentrations from ocean color signals (IOCCG, 2006, 2014, 2019). Abstract Understanding the relationship between remote sensing reflectance, Rrs(λ) and the inherent optical properties (IOPs) of natural waters is potentially a key to improving our ability to determine biogeochemical constituents from radiometric measurements. These relationships are usually described as a function of absorption, a(λ), and backscattering, bb(λ), coefficients, with the literature providing various forms of equation operating on either bb(λ)/a(λ) or bb(λ)/[a(λ)+bb(λ)] to represent the impact of variations in light field geometries and changes in sea-water composition. The performance of several IOP-reflectance relationships is assessed using HydroLight radiative transfer simulations covering a broad range of Case 1 and Case 2 water conditions. While early versions of IOP-reflectance relationships assigned variability to associated proportionality factors (e.g., f/Q) or low-order polynomial functions, recent studies have demonstrated relationships between Rrs(λ) and bb(λ)/[a(λ)+bb(λ)] are wellcharacterized by nonlinear (high-order polynomial), monotonic functions. This study demonstrates that this approach is also valid for relationships operating on bb(λ)/a(λ) and that there is no intrinsic benefit to functions operating on bb(λ)/[a(λ)+bb(λ)] compared to bb(λ)/a(λ) for Case 2 waters, contrary to recent suggestions in the literature. In all cases it is necessary to carefully consider the performance of best fit relationships across the full range of variability of IOPs and Rrs(λ), with higher order polynomials required to enable equivalent performance across the range of natural variability. The analysis further demonstrates insignificant wavelength sensitivity across the visible region, limited sensitivity to changes in solar zenith angle and extends to relationships for below surface remote sensing reflectance, rrs(λ).
Advanced Practice Nursing: a strategy to improve maternal and child care in Brazil

Results: From a review of 138 papers, 10 met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed for analysis. Based on the framework used in this study, the researchers identifi ed two main categories of social indicators to the access concept: process and outcome. These themes explored in the narrative analysis are the process and outcome indicators of the Brazilian health system, as well as the expected outcome indicators subsequent to implementation of the Certifi ed Nurse-Midwifery role.
Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Sequences do not Improve Pathologic Response Prediction after Neoadjuvant Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer

Background Background: Pre-operative neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is routinely used for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), however there are no validated tools for evaluating pathologic response in these patients. This study compared changes in imaging characteristics to determine if pathologic response after NAC can be predicted. Methods 36 patients with histologically confirmed PDAC, who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, with pre-operative NAC and pre and post therapy diffusion weighted MRI (DW-MRI) between 2016 and 2018 were included. Response to NAC was determined using tumor size changes, RECIST criteria and DW-MRI (changes in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)). Pathologic response on final histology was used as reference. Results 25 (69%) patients demonstrated pathologic response to NAC. Reduction in size was noted in 31 patients. ADC values increased on restaging MRI in 15 cases. Reduction in size alone predicted pathologic response with 92% sensitivity and 27% specificity compared to increased ADCs, 48% sensitivity and 73% specificity. Discussion Reduction in tumor size alone correlated with pathologic response to NAC. DW sequences alone had poor sensitivity but better specificity of predicting response. Caution is urged in using ADC values from DW-MRI to determine responses after NAC. Traditional size criteria should continue to be used for predicting pathologic response after NAC.
Joint SO(3)-Spectral Domain Filtering of Spherical Signals in the Presence of Anisotropic Noise

We present a joint SO(3)-spectral domain filtering framework using directional spatially localized spherical harmonic transform (DSLSHT), for the estimation and enhancement of random anisotropic signals on the sphere contaminated by random anisotropic noise. We design an optimal filter for filtering the DSLSHT representation of the noise-contaminated signal in the joint SO(3)-spectral domain. The filter is optimal in the sense that the filtered representation in the joint domain is the minimum mean square error estimate of the DSLSHT representation of the underlying (noise-free) source signal. We also derive a least-square solution for the estimate of the source signal from the filtered representation in the joint domain. We demonstrate the capability of the proposed filtering framework using the Earth topography map in the presence of anisotropic, zero-mean, uncorrelated Gaussian noise, and compare its performance with the joint spatial-spectral domain filtering framework.
Adsorption equilibrium of amino acids and antibiotics on non‐ionic polymeric sorbents

Adsorption equilibria of two amino acids (phenylalanine and tryptophan) and two antibiotics (penicillin G and cephalosporin C) from aqueous solutions onto non-ionic polymeric sorbents (XAD-4 and XAD-16) were investigated under various experimental conditions such as pH, temperature and organic solvents. The assumption that amino acids adsorbed on polymeric sorbents were desorbed by competitive adsorption with organic solvent as a desorbate was verified using binary adsorption data for amino acids (phenylalanine and tryptophan) and organic solvents (isopropyl alcohol and methanol) on XAD-4 and XAD-16. The experimental data were predicted by using multicomponent adsorption models of an Extended-Langmuir (EL) equation and an ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) based on the Langmuir equation as a single-component isotherm. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Ecosystem Functions of Microbial Consortia in Sustainable Agriculture

Knowledge of the agricultural soil microbiota, of the microbial consortia that comprise it, and the promotion of agricultural practices that maintain and encourage them, is a promising way to improve soil quality for sustainable agriculture and to provide food security. Although numerous studies have demonstrated the positive effects of beneficial soil microorganisms on crop yields and quality, the use of microbial consortia in agriculture remains low. Microbial consortia have more properties than an individual microbial inoculum, due to the synergy of the microorganisms that populate them. This review describes the main characteristics, ecosystem functions, crop benefits, and biotechnological applications of microbial consortia composed of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), and Actinobacteria, to promote the restoration of agricultural soils and, consequently, the quality and health of agricultural crops. The aim is to provide knowledge that will contribute to the development of sustainable and sufficiently productive agriculture, which will adapt in a good way to the pace of the growing human population and to climate change.
Analyzing Critical Constructs of Service Qualityin Global Fast Food Retailing

In this paper, a model of service quality in the global fast food industry is proposed and tested using a sample from the operations of the industry in a major metropolitan city in India. Service quality measures and constructs currently available do not adequately capture customers’ perceptions of service quality of global fast food retailers in the Indian scenario. For varied reasons, sector-adaptedand sector-specific constructs and measures of servicequality might be more functional than a single generic scale. Therefore, a structure is proposed to capture a total of seven dimensions important to fast food customers based on service quality and Indian retailing situation. The study achieves a measurement instrument that is reliable, consistent and valid on target with what is being attempted to measure. The model appears to haveboth practical validity and explanatory ability. The highlight of this paper is that the study demonstrates and analyses the model of service quality gaps between customer expectations and perceptions using factor analysis and supports the validity of the scale as a measure of fast food retail service quality.
Distance Education: A Perspective from Women’s Studies

This paper critically explores the links between Women’s Studies and distance education and questions whether this style of learning is compatible with feminist pedagogical goals. A review of the literature was conducted, primarily from a US and Canadian perspective, and the following are highlighted as key concerns to feminist educators: gender, technology, curriculum, and pedagogy. Significantly, the research suggests that distance education continually downplays the importance of a gender analysis despite the fact that women make up the majority of distance education users. The research also reveals that feminist teachers are increasingly using their experiences working in distance education to expand upon how, when, and where we teach Women’s Studies and that techniques employed within distance education could be usefully applied to in-class learning.
EFFECT OF EKALUX TOXICITY ON SELECTED PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN ANABAS TESTUDINEUS

Impact of short-term exposure of sub lethal concen tration of organophosphate pesticides Ekalux on physiology of sub adults of Anabas testudineus in the Kol paddy fields of Central Kerala was studied. Results of the present study indicated tha t even short-term, exposure to Ekalux is detrimenta l to A. testudineus . Among the parameters that showed significant chan ges were heamatological parameters such as Hb, PCV, RBC count, and ESR. Cell morpholog y shifted from a normal elliptical shape after 24 hr to crenated or fringed and shrinked appearance a t 15 day of exposure. It was also seen that protein and amino acid concentration are clear indicators o f immediate stress. Histopathological studies of li ver showed hypertrophied hepatocytes with reduced numbe r of normal cells after 15 days of exposure. The number of haematopoietic tissue was found to have d eclined in the kidney also in addition to increased number of melano-macrophage centres (MMC). However, once these fishes were reared in clear water, devoid of any pesticide for six months, values for Hb, PCV, protein, amino acid and liver and renal tissues showed signs of revival. The present study depicts that severity of Ekalux toxicity to sub adu lts of Anabas testudineus i both dose and time dependant.
Instrumental Variables and Causal Mechanisms: Unpacking Trade’s Effect on Workers and Voters∗

It is often the case that an endogenous treatment variable causally affects an intermediate variable that in turn causally affects a final outcome. Using an Instrumental Variable (IV) identifies the causal effect of the endogenous treatment on both the intermediate and the final outcome variable, but not the extent to which the intermediate variable affects the final outcome. We present a new testable framework in which a single IV suffices to also estimate the causal effect of the intermediate variable on the final outcome. We use this framework to investigate to what extent German voters responded to the labor market turmoil caused by increasing trade with low-wage manufacturing countries. We first establish that import competition increased voters’ support for only extreme (right) parties. We then decompose this populist ‘total effect’ into a ‘mediated effect’ running through labor market adjustments and a ‘direct effect’ of trade exposure on voting behavior. We find the total consists of a large populist effect driven by labor markets and a relatively smaller but moderating ‘direct’ effect. Our approach provides a template that may be applied to a broad range of empirical questions studying causal mechanisms in observational data.
Impact of Physical Infrastructure on Economic Growth: Implications for Public Policy

This paper intends to explore the impact of public physical infrastructure on economic growth of Pakistan in the long-run with its implications for public policy. This has been done by taking into account three public physical infrastructure indicators like telecommunication, transportation and energy. These indicators are combined through Principle Component Method (PCM). These indicators are selected not only because of their importance for economy but also because they require huge and irreversible investment which is not usually initiated by the private sector. An empirical analysis is conducted on time series annual data from 1972 to 2014 for the economy of Pakistan. By employing PCM, we have constructed infrastructure index for growth analysis. The long-run relationship is constituted by employing Johansen’s co-integration technique. The impact of infrastructure index on GDP growth is positive and statistically significant. The results suggest that public physical infrastructure provision certainly improves the economic conditions by contributing towards growth in the long-run. This paper also identifies some guide lines for public policy to ensure efficient public sector investment for the sufficient provision of physical infrastructure. Transparency and financial autonomy should be insured for the selection of public Ayza Shoukat and Khalil Ahmad Governance and Management Review 29 investment in infrastructure projects. This paper also proposes the public policy reforms for infrastructure expenditures to promote inclusive growth.
EVALUATION OF THE FREQUENCY FOLLOWING RESPONSE IN ITALIAN CHILDREN: A PILOT STUDY

Background: Speech-ABR is an electrophysiological procedure that makes it possible to monitor the processing of auditory information in the subcortical region, easily and quickly, applicable even to very young subjects. So far there are no data in the literature describing the standards of normality of FFR in Italian children and adolescents. So the objective of the study was to assess the FFR in Italian children and adolescents with normal hearing. Methods: Twenty-four children and young adolescents, 12 female and 12 male, participated in the study. Their age ranged from 9 to 14 years (average 11.8 years). All subjects were Italian native speakers, right handed and with normal hearing. All subjects had normal behavioral and electrophysiological hearing thresholds. The speech-ABR recordings were acquired by a Biologic Navigator Pro (Natus, USA) with BioMark software. Results: The analysis for absolute latency of speech sounds (specifically for the syllable /da/) gave: latency (ms) (male/female) wave V (6.57/6.41), wave A (7.49/7.54), wave C (18.34/18.57), wave D (22.07/22.22), wave E (30.74/30.50), wave F (39.12/39.19), and wave O (48.06/47.88). For amplitude (μV), the responses were: (male/female) wave V (0.10/0.11), wave A (0.21/0.22), wave C (0.11/0.11), wave D (0.12/0.13), wave E (0.19/0.24), wave F (0.22/0.21), and wave O (0.18/0.09). Complex VA: Slope (male/female), 0.33/0.30; Area (male/female), 0.28/0.37. Conclusions: We found different FFR profiles in the 24 children to those reported in the literature in adult subjects.
What is users' next best alternative to the use of dynamical seasonal predictions?

The recent development of climate predictions has shown their potential in providing users with information that could be used to inform decision on a seasonal time-horizon. This in turns offers a way of developing resilience to climate change through adaptation to seasonal variability. An effective way to assess to value of this information is to compare the quality of the forecast (assessed by its verification attributes) to the quality of the forecast from a system based on simpler assumption (and thus cheaper to run). For this purpose, climatology and persistence are commonly used. We are presenting here a general methodology based on a Markov Chain process trained at a seasonal time-scale which can be used as a simple benchmark in assessing the skill and thus the value of the predictions. We
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Lameness in Cows at Commercial Dairy Herds in Punjab, Pakistan

Sajid Ali1, Muhammad Avais1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Kamran Ashraf2, Saira Jabeen1, Sajid Hameed3, Muhammad Awais1, Jawaria Ali Khan1 and Imtiaz Ahmad4 1Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore-54000, Pakistan 2Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore-54000, Pakistan 3Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan 4Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu Kashmir, Pakistan Article Information Received 22 March 2020 Revised 29 April 2020 Accepted 22 May 2020 Available online 13 October 2020
The Source of the endo Rule in the Diels−Alder Reaction: Are Secondary Orbital Interactions Really Necessary?

The endo preference in Diels−Alder reactions is usually attributed to the occurrence of attractive Secondary Orbital Interactions (SOI), whereas other interaction mechanisms (primary interactions, closed-shell repulsions, electrostatics) are assumed to be identical for both endo and exo approaches. However, analysis of the parallel approximation between s-trans butadiene and fumaronitrile shows that SOI is overcome by closed-shell repulsions. Furthermore, the study of several reactions (cyclopentadiene + maleic anhydride, cyclobutadiene + cyclobutenedione, cyclobutadiene + norbornadiene) indicates the absence of a net attraction for the atom pairs involved in SOI. As a conclusion, the endo preference is not due to the occurrence of an attractive interaction between the atom pairs involved in SOI and so this concept is unnecessary. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)