Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mental Model Development in Multimedia Learning: Interrelated Effects of Emotions and Self-Monitoring

Learners’ emotions and metacognitive self-monitoring play a crucial role in mental model development, particularly in the context of multimedia learning. However, learning-centered emotions and self-monitoring have been investigated largely without accounting for their dynamic interrelations. In this study, the effects of both learner-state variables on mental model development were investigated, by modeling their interrelations over time during a multimedia learning episode. For this, 108 undergraduate students (Mage = 22.79, SDage = 3.42) were engaged in a multimedia learning environment to learn practical money skills. Learning-centered emotions of enjoyment, boredom, and frustration were repeatedly collected using self-reports. Learners’ self-monitoring was assessed using behavioral data in terms of time spent on accessing specific information in the multimedia environment. Mental model development was operationalized by assessing learners’ mental model accuracy (MMA) in pre- and post-tests, by using assessments of structural knowledge. Regarding the dynamic interrelations, panel models with the repeated measures revealed positive direct and indirect paths from earlier stages of self-monitoring to later stages of enjoyment. Conversely, negative direct and indirect paths emerged from earlier stages of boredom and frustration to later stages of self-monitoring. Regarding the effects of all variables on mental model development, a path model analysis with aggregated values revealed that enjoyment was unrelated to post-test MMA, whereas boredom negatively predicted post-test MMA. Additionally, frustration negatively predicted self-monitoring, which positively predicted post-test MMA. Finally, pre-test MMA was a negative predictor of boredom and positively predicted post-test MMA. The results demonstrate that the dynamic interrelations between different learning-centered emotions and self-monitoring can diverge in multimedia learning. In addition, this study provides insights into the joint effects and the relative importance of emotions and self-monitoring for mental model development in multimedia learning.
Envelope-Specific Recognition Patterns of HIV Vaccine-Induced IgG Antibodies Are Linked to Immunogen Structure and Sequence

Background: A better understanding of the parameters influencing vaccine-induced IgG recognition of individual antigenic regions and their variants within the HIV Envelope protein (Env) can help to improve design of preventive HIV vaccines. Methods: Env-specific IgG responses were mapped in samples of the UKHVC003 Standard Group (UK003SG, n = 11 from UK) and TaMoVac01 (TMV01, n = 17 from Tanzania) HIV vaccine trials. Both trials consisted of three immunizations with DNA, followed by two boosts with recombinant Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA), either mediating secretion of gp120 (UK003SG) or the presentation of cell membrane bound gp150 envelopes (TMV01) from infected cells, and an additional two boosts with 5 μg of CN54gp140 protein adjuvanted with glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA). Env immunogen sequences in UK003SG were solely based on the clade C isolate CN54, whereas in TMV01 these were based on clades A, C, B, and CRF01AE. The peptide microarray included 8 globally representative Env sequences, CN54gp140 and the MVA-encoded Env immunogens from both trials, as well as additional peptide variants for hot spots of immune recognition. Results: After the second MVA boost, UK003SG vaccinees almost exclusively targeted linear, non-glycosylated antigenic regions located in the inter-gp120 interface. In contrast, TMV01 recipients most strongly targeted the V2 region and an immunodominant region in gp41. The V3 region was frequently targeted in both trials, with a higher recognition magnitude for diverse antigenic variants observed in the UK003SG (p < 0.0001). After boosting with CN54gp140/GLA, the overall response magnitude increased with a more comparable recognition pattern of antigenic regions and variants between the two trials. Recognition of most immunodominant regions within gp120 remained significantly stronger in UK003SG, whereas V2-region recognition was not boosted in either group. Conclusions: IgG recognition of linear antigenic Env regions differed between the two trials particularly after the second MVA boost. Structural features of the MVA-encoded immunogens, such as secreted, monomeric gp120 vs. membrane-anchored, functional gp150, and differences in prime-boost immunogen sequence variability most probably contributed to these differences. Prime-boosting with multivalent Env immunogens during TMV01 did not improve variant cross-recognition of immunodominant peptide variants in the V3 region.
Mining Intellectual Influence Associations

Within the social system of science, citation practices characterize social functions like the conferral of recognition upon the work of others as well as the acknowledgement of one’s intellectual debt. However, the structure of intellectual inﬂuence is misrepresented when only the immediate citations and their cardinality are taken into consideration. Thus, in order to better understand the associative dissemination of inﬂuence and approximately construe the anatomy of this structure, complex interactions in the convoluted network of authors and papers need to be probed. Our study aims at understanding these heterogeneous complex interactions. For the bibliographic dataset of authors and publications, we deﬁne proxy scores that attempt to determine the associative inﬂuence of the cited author over the citing author. In order to harness structural connectivity of the network, we generate author vector representations using these inﬂuence scores. Furthermore, with a view to assess the competence of our proposed scores, we evaluate these representations and provide an empirical study of the results obtained with our algorithm against the baseline and also present a qualitative analysis.
Precocious Torpor in an Altricial Mammal and the Functional Implications of Heterothermy During Development

Most mammals and birds are altricial, small and naked at birth/hatching. They attain endothermic thermoregulation at a fraction of their adult size at a vulnerable stage with high heat loss when many could profit from using torpor for energy conservation. Nevertheless, detailed data on the interrelations between torpor expression and development of endothermic thermoregulation are currently restricted to <0.1% of extant endotherms. We investigated at what age and body mass (BM) desert hamsters (Phodopus roborovskii), wild-caught in Inner Mongolia and born in autumn/early winter when environmental temperatures in the wild begin to decrease, are able to defend their body temperature (Tb) at an ambient temperature (Ta) of ∼21°C and how soon thereafter they could express torpor. Measurements of surface temperatures via infrared thermometer and thermal camera show that although neonate hamsters (BM 0.9 ± 0.1 g) cooled rapidly to near Ta, already on day 15 (BM 5.5 ± 0.2 g) they could defend a high and constant Tb. As soon as day 16 (BM 5.8 ± 0.2 g), when their maximum activity metabolism (measured as oxygen consumption) approached maxima measured in vertebrates, animals were able to enter torpor for several hours with a reduction of metabolism by >90%, followed by endothermic arousal. Over the next weeks, torpor depth and duration decreased together with a reduction in resting metabolic rate at Ta 30–32°C. Our data show that development of endothermy and torpor expression in this altricial hamster is extremely fast. The results suggest that precocious torpor by juvenile hamsters in autumn and winter is an important survival tool in their vast and harsh Asian desert habitats, but likely also for many other small mammals and birds worldwide.
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written to convince their readers, especially but not only economists, that current economic practice, particularly with regard to policy advice, is signiﬁcantly more intertwined with moral philosophy than is usually admitted. Far from criticizing the inclusion of ethical judgments in economic analysis, they argue instead that such inclusion is practically unavoidable. Their aim is not to purge from economics all traces of moral philosophy, but to debunk the pretense that economists make their pronouncements from a purely objective, value-free vantage point. Recognizing the moral judgments that are often buried in arguments that purport to be purely a matter of economic science will, they contend, expose those moral assumptions to rational examination, enabling a more critical examination of the arguments and, consequently, better policy choices. carefully describing arguments theory
Cost-effectiveness of acupuncture versus standard care for pelvic and low back pain in pregnancy: A randomized controlled trial

Objective To assess the cost-effectiveness of acupuncture for pelvic girdle and low back pain (PGLBP) during pregnancy. Design Pragmatic-open-label randomised controlled trial. Setting Five maternity hospitals Population Pregnant women with PGLBP Method 1:1 randomization to standard care or standard care plus acupuncture (5 sessions by an acupuncturist midwife). Main outcome measure Efficacy: proportion of days with self-assessed pain by numerical rating scale (NRS) ≤ 4/10. Cost effectiveness (societal viewpoint, time horizon: pregnancy): incremental cost per days with NRS ≤ 4/10. Indirect non-healthcare costs included daily compensations for sick leave and productivity loss caused by absenteeism or presenteeism. Results 96 women were allocated to acupuncture and 103 to standard care (total 199). The proportion of days with NRS ≤ 4/10 was greater in the acupuncture group than in the standard care group (61% vs 48%, p = 0.007). The mean Oswestry disability score was lower in the acupuncture group than with standard care alone (33 versus 38, Δ = 5, 95% CI: 0.8 to 9, p = 0.02). Average total costs were higher in the control group (€2947) than in the acupuncture group (€2635, Δ = —€312, 95% CI: -966 to +325), resulting from the higher indirect costs of absenteeism and presenteeism. Acupuncture was a dominant strategy when both healthcare and non-healthcare costs were included. Costs for the health system (employer and out-of-pocket costs excluded) were slightly higher for acupuncture (€1512 versus €1452, Δ = €60, 95% CI: -272 to +470). Conclusion Acupuncture was a dominant strategy when accounting for employer costs. A 100% probability of cost-effectiveness was obtained for a willingness to pay of €100 per days with pain NRS ≤ 4.
Tear Proteomics Approach to Monitoring Sjögren Syndrome or Dry Eye Disease

Sjögren syndrome (SS) or dry eye disease (DED) is one of the most complicated ocular surface diseases. The goal of this study is to elucidate the relationship of the changes in clinical indices of tear film (TF) homeostasis with respect to tear components to allow for SS-DED monitoring and avoid stably controlled SS-DED patients from re-entering a vicious cycle. This prospective case-control study compared stable SS-DED patients with non-SS-DED control from several aspects, including clinical indices for TF homeostasis, 2 DED diagnostic biomarkers (MMP-9 and lactoferrin), and the proteome of flush tears. Compared with non-SS-DED controls, stably controlled SS-DED subjects had less tear secretion and higher ocular surface inflammation, a higher concentration ratio of tear MMP-9/lactoferrin, a more diverse tear proteome, and lower spectral intensities of lipocalin-1, lacritin, and prolactin-inducible protein among the abundant tear proteins. For stable SS-DED patients, the concentration ratio of tear MMP-9/lactoferrin and the corrected lipocalin-1 signal was positively correlated with ocular inflammation and TF stability, respectively. MMP-9 released from stressed ocular surface epithelium and lipocalin-1 secreted from the energetic lacrimal gland are two tear biomarkers responding well to TF homeostasis. The tear proteomics approach through flush tears is a promising method for monitoring SS-DED patients with a standardized sampling procedure and lactoferrin-corrected analysis.
AISB 2008 Convention Communication, Interaction and Social Intelligence

This paper explains and demonstrates emergence of organisational behaviour as a social cognitive mechanism, i.e. ones own behaviour at the cognitive level is influenced by interaction with others at the social level. Besides the importance of understanding how behaviour evolves, it is probably more crucial to control emergence or enforce desired behaviour. In our research we demonstrate this by implementing social constructs as regulators or stimuli of behaviour. The paper discusses a social cognitive architecture ACT-RBot or in short RBot which is based on ACT-R. RBot inherits the cognitive architecture (production system) of ACT-R but provides also a mechanism of social constructs as meta-productions that operates as a social (control) layer. The architecture is implemented in software agents who ‘live‘ in a discrete event simulation environment allowing them to interact and exchange signs. The combination of RBot and a simulation environment provides observation of behaviour between agents (at the social level), but also introspection of the experiences of the individual agent stored in memory of its cognitive architecture. We describe two simulation experiments that demonstrate the working of the social cognitive architecture. The first experiment shows that emergence is present at the cognitive (individual) and social level (interaction). The second experiment adds social constructs and authority that allows for (more) control over emergence.
HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS’ AND STUDENTS’ CHALLENGES OF ONLINE INSTRUCTION IN READING CLASSES

Research into online instruction as an alternative to traditional teaching has indicated its role in facilitating student learning with the use of technology in times of COVID-19 pandemic. However, an intriguing question is how to conduct this mode of teaching English reading within the Vietnamese context. In Vietnam, little information has examined the challenges that high school teachers and students encountered in implementing online English reading classes to meet the needs and interests of the student and facilitate instructional practices. This study is therefore aimed to look into this area of interest. A mixed-methods study was used with fifty teachers and one hundred high school students. Data were collected from questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The findings show that online instruction in reading classes challenged teachers and students to use technology, prepare lesson contents, and assess student comprehension. Implications are provided to teachers and students for the sake of the quality of online instruction. Article visualizations:
The perception of school food-service professionals on the implementation of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010: a mixed-methods study

Abstract Objective To: (i) understand the nutrition attitudes, self-efficacy, knowledge and practices of school food-service personnel (SFP) in Nebraska and (ii) identify potential barriers that schools face in offering healthy school meals that meet the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) nutrition standards. Design Convergent parallel mixed-methods study. Setting Kindergarten–12th grade schools in Nebraska, USA. Participants SFP (260 survey participants; fifteen focus group participants) working at schools that participate in the USDA National School Lunch Program. Results Mixed-methods themes identified include: (i) ‘Mixed attitudes towards healthy meals’, which captured a variety of conflicting positive and negative attitudes depending on the situation; (ii) ‘Positive practices to promote healthy meals’, which captured offering, serving and promotion practices; (iii) ‘Mixed nutrition-related knowledge’, which captured the variations in knowledge depending on the nutrition concept; and (iv) ‘Complex barriers’, which captured challenges with time, support and communication. Conclusions The study produced relevant findings to address the barriers identified by SFP. Implementing multicomponent interventions and providing training to SFP may help reduce some of the identified barriers of SFP.
Per-Pass Analysis of Thrombus Composition in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy

Background and Purpose— Mechanical thrombectomy may involve multiple attempts to retrieve the occluding thrombus. This study examined the composition of thrombus fragments retrieved with each pass of a device during the thrombectomy procedure. Second, the per-pass composition was compared with procedural and clinical data including angiographic outcome and stroke etiology. Methods— Thrombi were retrieved from 60 patients with acute ischemic stroke, where thrombus fragments retrieved in each pass were segregated as individual samples and maintained throughout the histological analysis as independent samples. All samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Martius Scarlet Blue. The relative composition of red blood cells, fibrin, and white blood cells in thrombus fragments from each pass was quantified. Results— Over the 60 cases, thrombus material was retrieved in 106 of 138 passes. The number of passes required to complete the cases ranged from 1 to 6 passes. The analysis of thrombus fragments retrieved in each pass provided a greater insight into the thrombectomy procedure progression than the overall thrombus composition; the red blood cell content of thrombus fragments retrieved in passes 1 and 2 was significantly higher than that retrieved in passes 3 to 6. The removal of thrombus material in a total of 1, 2, or 3 passes was associated with the highest percentage of final modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score of 2c-3. There was no association between modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score and per-pass thrombus composition. Conclusions— The differentiation achieved through the per-pass analysis of acute ischemic stroke thrombi provides a greater insight into the thrombectomy procedure progression than the combined per-case thrombus analysis. Insights gained may be a useful consideration in determining the treatment strategy as a case evolves and may be useful for the development of new devices to increase rates of 1-pass recanalization.
Ancestry patterns inferred from massive RNA-seq data

There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that patterns of gene expression vary within and between human populations. However, the impact of this variation in human diseases has been poorly explored, in part owing to the lack of a standardized protocol to estimate biogeographical ancestry from gene expression studies. Here we examine several studies that provide new solid evidence indicating that the ancestral background of individuals impacts gene expression patterns. Next, we test a procedure to infer genetic ancestry from RNA-seq data in 25 data sets where information on ethnicity was reported. Genome data of reference continental populations retrieved from The 1000 Genomes Project were used for comparisons. Remarkably, only eight out of 25 data sets passed FastQC default filters. We demonstrate that, for these eight population sets, the ancestral background of donors could be inferred very efficiently, even in data sets including samples with complex patterns of admixture (e.g., American-admixed populations). For most of the gene expression data sets of suboptimal quality, ancestral inference yielded odd patterns. The present study thus brings a cautionary note for gene expression studies highlighting the importance to control for the potential confounding effect of ancestral genetic background.
(E)-N′-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-(8-quinolyloxy)butanohydrazide monohydrate

The crystal of the title Schiff base compound, C20H18ClN3O3·H2O, was twinned by a twofold rotation about (100). The asymmetric unit contains two crystallographically independent molecules with similar conformations, and two water molecules. The C=N—N angles of 115.7 (6) and 116.2 (6)° are significantly smaller than the ideal value of 120° expected for sp 2-hybridized N atoms and the dihedral angles between the benzene ring and quinoline ring system in the two molecules are 52.5 (7) and 53.9 (7)°. The molecules aggregate via C—Cl⋯π and π–π interactions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.696 (5)–3.892 (5) Å] and weak C—H⋯O interactions as parallel sheets, which are further linked by water molecules through N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a supramolecular two-dimensional network.
Clinical Trial Recruitment and Retention of College Students with Type 1 Diabetes via Social Media: An Implementation Case Study

Background: We sought to quantify the efficiency and acceptability of Internet-based recruitment for engaging an especially hard-to-reach cohort (college-students with type 1 diabetes, T1D) and to describe the approach used for implementing a health-related trial entirely online using off-the-shelf tools inclusive of participant safety and validity concerns. Method: We recruited youth (ages 17-25 years) with T1D via a variety of social media platforms and other outreach channels. We quantified response rate and participant characteristics across channels with engagement metrics tracked via Google Analytics and participant survey data. We developed decision rules to identify invalid (duplicative/false) records (N = 89) and compared them to valid cases (N = 138). Results: Facebook was the highest yield recruitment source; demographics differed by platform. Invalid records were prevalent; invalid records were more likely to be recruited from Twitter or Instagram and differed from valid cases across most demographics. Valid cases closely resembled characteristics obtained from Google Analytics and from prior data on platform user-base. Retention was high, with complete follow-up for 88.4%. There were no safety concerns and participants reported high acceptability for future recruitment via social media. Conclusions: We demonstrate that recruitment of college students with T1D into a longitudinal intervention trial via social media is feasible, efficient, acceptable, and yields a sample representative of the user-base from which they were drawn. Given observed differences in characteristics across recruitment channels, recruiting across multiple platforms is recommended to optimize sample diversity. Trial implementation, engagement tracking, and retention are feasible with off-the-shelf tools using preexisting platforms.