Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Abiotic Factors on the Development and Life History of the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) has been found to successfully reduce manure in confined animal feeding operations of poultry, swine and bovine. In equatorial climates, H. illucens is active year round, however, in more temperate climates they are only active during the warmer months of the year. Since insect development is greatly influenced by the ambient environment including pupation substrate, relative humidity, daylength and temperature, it is necessary to explore the effects these abiotic factors have on black soldier fly development when proposing to utilize a species that is not active throughout the year in temperate climates for a year-round waste management process. The objectives for this study include determining the abiotic factors limiting H. illucens egg eclosion and adult emergence. The results of this study indicate pupation substrate facilitated or impeded development depending on substrate type as well development improved with increasing temperature, relative humidity and hours of daylight.
Preparation of Papers for AIAA Technical Conferences

A 3D numerical model have been developed to study the unsymmetrical behavior of hydrogen plasma flow, inside a lower power arcjet thruster. A complete set of governing equations includes those of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy for a viscous, compressible flow with the electromagnetic body forces and Joule (Ohmic) heating as source terms in momentum and energy equations respectively are solved. In the present work, a 3D numerical CFD code for hydrogen arcjet (NASA 1kW) was developed and validated against existing experimental data to assess the effect of cathode configuration (cathode tip offset from the thruster axis) on thruster performance. Nomenclature B = magnetic induction vector Di = diffusion of pure species Di,j = binary diffusion of i, j species Damb = ambipolar diffusion E = electric field vector F = thrust I = electric current Isp = specific impulse J = current density vector Lh, Le = energy loss rate of heavy and electron species Mi = molecular weight of species T = gas temperature V = velocity vector P = pressure = collision cross section for i, j species encounter = universal gas constant = partition function of species = mean velocity ds = elemental area dΩ = elemental volume et = total energy h = Plank’s constant ht, hi, = total and species enthalpy 1 PhD scholar, Department of Aerospace Engg. , hari25.astro@gmail.com 2 MS scholar, Department Aerospace Engg. , akharedeepak@gmail.com 3 Professor, Department Aerospace Engg. , amitk@ae.iitm. ac.in. 4 Visiting professor, Department Aerospace Engg. , t_jayachandran@ae.iitm. ac.in.
Eurygnathohippus woldegabrieli, sp. nov. (Perissodactyla, Mammalia), from the Middle Pliocene of Aramis, Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Eurygnathohippus is a genus of hipparionine horse that evolved in and was confined to the African continent from the late Miocene to Pleistocene interval. Eurygnathohippus woldegabrieli is a new species from Aramis, Ethiopia, dated between 4.4 and 4.2 Ma. The hypodigm is currently restricted to 157 specimens from 14 Aramis localities and one nearby Gona locality. We nominate a mandible as the type and a maxillary dentition and two complete metacarpal IIIs as paratypes. Our analysis reveals that Eurygnathohippus woldegabrieli is derived compared with late Miocene Eurygnathohippus feibeli in its overall size, cheek tooth crown height, mandibular symphysis length, and robusticity of distal limb elements. It is primitive in mandibular symphysis length and robusticity of distal limb elements compared with the more advanced medial Pliocene species Eurygnathohippus hasumense. A study of Eurygnathohippus woldegabrieli's paleodiet as measured by two mesowear methods, corroborated by carbon isotope studies, reveals that it was a dedicated grazer with a coarse C4 diet akin to that of modern zebras, wildebeests, and white rhinoceroses. SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline. com/UJVP
Spatial regulation in the expression of structural and regulatory storage‐protein genes in Zea mays endosperm

Endosperm development in maize seed involves the multiplication, enlargement, and differentiation of cells with consequent accumulation of storage products. The storage protein genes, encoding zeins, and glutelins (multigene families) are expressed and developmentally regulated by different loci. Wild-type lines and genotypes carrying mutations at loci affecting zein synthesis (o2, o7, fl2, and prol) were characterized at the molecular level and investigated by Northern analysis in order to define the expression of structural and regulatory genes. In situ hybridization in both wild-type and mutant lines was performed to visualize the spatial distribution of transcripts representing each gene family, during endosperm development. The zein and glutelin mRNAs are expressed in all endosperm cells, except for the aleurone layer. However, each mRNA type accumulates at a different level in the various endosperm regions, thus allowing to recognize specific territories of expression for each storage protein mRNA within the tissue. The spatial expression patterns appear early for each gene type and are maintained during the course of endosperm development. Also, the quantitative distribution of the same transcripts in endosperm of mutant lines is specific for each mutant and different from that of the wild-type. Furthermore, the amount of the O2 transcript, present in the nucleus and cytoplasm of wild-type cells, varies substantially in the different o2 mutations considered, in one mutant almost exclusively confined within the nucleus. These data suggest a specific control of the spatial expression of storage protein genes and a heterogeneous molecular composition of protein bodies throughout the endosperm tissue. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Struktur Populasi Monyet Ekor Panjang di Kawasan Pura Batu Pageh, Ungasan, Badung, Bali

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur populasi monyet ekor panjang di kawasan Pura Batu Pageh. Jumlah populasi monyet dihitung secara langsung dan dibedakan berdasarkan jenis kelamin dan umur. Luas habitat ditentukan berdasarkan daerah jelajah yang merupakan tanah milik Pura, tanah pemerintah atau hutan yang bukan merupakan tanah milik masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah total populasi monyet ekor panjang di kawasan Pura Batu Pageh adalah 189 ekor terdiri atas 22 ekor (11,6%) jantan dewasa, 37 ekor (19,6%) betina dewasa, 106 ekor (56,1%) monyet muda dan 24 ekor (12,7%) anakan, yang terbagi menjadi empat kelompok sosial yaitu kelompok Parkir, kelompok Barat, kelompok Utara dan kelompok Timur. Rasio monyet jantan dewasa dengan betina dewasa adalah 1 : 2. Luas habitat monyet ekor panjang di kawasan Pura Batu Pageh adalah 1 hektar. Disimpulkan bahwa struktur populasi monyet ekor panjang di kawasan Pura Batu Pageh didomonasi oleh monyet muda dan tingkat kepadatan populasi adalah 189 ekor/hektar.
THE LIGHT REACTIONS OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA CLEMENS (LEPIDOPTERA TORTRICIDAE)

This paper deals with the orientation reactions exhibited by larvae and adults of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), (12) in response to stimulation by light. The insect is an important pest of the coniferous trees, Abies balsamea Mill, and Picea spp. , which compromise the pulpwood stands of the forests of northeastern North America. Hence, at present, it is the subject of many investigations. The work reported here is part of an investigation designed to provide data for the development of studies of the effects of weather and climate upon the spruce budworm.
Estimating weights when fitting linear regression models for tree volume

The method of weighted least squares can be used to achieve homogeneity of variance with linear regression that has a heterogeneous error structure. A weight function commonly used when constructing regression equations to predict tree volume is , where k1 ≈ 1.0–2.1. This paper examines the weight function for modelling the error structure in two loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) data sets and one white oak (Quercusalba L.) data set. The weight function is recommended for all three data sets, for which the k1 values ranged from 1.80 to 2.07.
A Survey of the Urban Pest ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Peninsular Florida

A one year survey was conducted with structural pest control employees of Florida to determine the kinds of ants and types of ant problems confronted in both commercial and household pest control. Eight species of ants were identified as key pests in Florida. Of these, the most common were Solenopsis invicta Buren - 14%, Tapinoma melanocephalum (F.) - 14%, Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille) - 14%, Camponotus abdominalis floridanus (Buckley) - 12%, Monomorium pharaonis (L.) - 11%, Camponotus tortuganus Emery - 8%, Pheidole megacephala (F.) - 7% and Paratrechina bourbonica (Forel) - 4%. More than twenty-five other species of ants which were occasional invaders were also collected in the survey. Customer complaints, nest locations, and treatment strategies for pest ants are also described.
Cellular and subcellular localization of the lignin biosynthetic enzymes caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and cinnamoyl-coenzyme A reductase in two monocots, sugarcane and maize

Cinnamoyl-coenzyme A reductase (CCR, EC 1.2.1.44), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD, EC 1.1.1.195) and caffeic O-methyl transferase (COMT, EC 2.1.1.68) are three enzymes of the biosynthetic pathway of lignin. This pathway has been mostly studied in dicots but is less well known in monocots. We report the histochemical localization of these enzymes in maize (Zea mays L.) and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). Antibodies directed against maize COMT and sugarcane CAD and CCR were generated. Western experiments were performed with the 3 antibodies, and immunolocalization experiments were performed with anti-CAD and anti-COMT antibodies. The three enzymes were present in actively lignifying tissues, such as maize roots and mesocotyls, and sugarcane roots and stems. At the cellular level, CAD and COMT were mainly found in xylem. No major differences could be seen in the distribution patterns of both enzymes, except that CAD was detected in the endodermis, while COMT was not. At a subcellular level, the three enzymes appeared to be mainly cytosolic.
Growth and yield responses of Plukenetia volubilis L. plants to planting density

SUMMARY A field experiment was conducted in a single growing season in a tropical region of China to investigate several leaf and whole-plant traits of Plukenetia volubilis L. plants cultivated at high (2,500 plants ha–1), medium (1,667 plants ha–1), and low (1,111 plants ha–1) planting densities. The results showed that leaf photosynthetic variables, measured during the wet season, were not significantly affected by planting density. The highest biomass recorded at the individual plant level occurred at the low planting density and was attributed mainly to a high leaf area and a high leaf area:biomass ratio, but not to the photosynthetic rate in leaves. Plants grown at the low density had higher specific fine-root lengths (i.e., root length per root dry mass), indicating a greater ability to capture water and nutrients to enhance growth. The mean fruit yield per plant decreased with increasing planting density. However, compared to the low (2,778.8 kg ha–1) and medium (4,786.0 kg ha–1) planting densities, the total fruit yield at the highest density (8,721.5 kg ha–1) increased by 213.9% and 82.2%, respectively, throughout the growing season. The increase in total fruit yield was largely due to an increase in the number of fruit per unit area, and not to increased fruit size, which compensated for the accompanying decrease in the productivity of each plant. Meanwhile, the protein content and fatty acid profile of seed kernels collected at the peak period of fruit ripening were not significantly affected by planting density. However, the oil content of seed kernels increased significantly with an increase in planting density, presumably by increasing the source:sink ratio. These results indicate that increasing the number of fruit per unit area might be an effective means to increase seed yield and oil production in P. volubilis plants in order to meet an increasing demand for this oil.
Survival, ranging, habitat choice and diet of the Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis during winter in Northern Finland

The winter ecology of the Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis was studied in northern Finland in 1991-95. The data consist of 26 radiomarked hawks, of which 331 day and 299 night positions were located. Average range size was 9894 ha for males (minimum convex polygon, n= 4) and 6282 ha for females (n= 11). Ranges calculated by the 75% harmonic mean contour gave range areas of 3283 ha for males (n= 3) and 2753 ha for females (n= 11). Harmonic mean centres concentrated near human settlements, implying better food availability there compared with woodland areas. Some Goshawks preyed upon animals living in the city dump in late winter. Goshawks preferred deciduous and mature conifer forests and avoided open areas such as fields and bogs. They also avoided very heterogeneous sites. The winter diet consisted mostly of Mountain Hares Lepus timidus (30.9%), Red Squirrels Sciurus vulgaris (23.6%), Brown Rats Rattus norvegicus (12.7%) and forest grouse Tetraonidae (27.1%), of which Black Grouse Tetrao tetrix was the most important (14.5%). By weight, hares constituted 70% of the biomass consumed.
“No Ugly Women”

Current research on construction of the female body focuses on non-Hispanic women in the United States. The idealized Latina body, however, is rapidly becoming commodified and objectified in global popular culture. Using standardized and open-ended surveys and group and individual interviews, the author examines the negotiation of sociocultural ideals and body image by adolescents at the intersection of gender, race, and beauty. These young women hold racist beauty ideals but are flexible when judging the appearance of real-life women. They perceive two competing or complementary prototypes of beauty, one white and one Latina. This study fills a gap in the literature on beauty and the body by examining a non-U.S. sample that does not fit into the usual Black-white dichotomy of race.
Evaluation of the throughfall and stemflow nutrient contents in mixed and pure plantations of Acacia mangium, Pseudosamenea guachapele and Eucalyptus grandis

A interceptacao da chuva pela copa das florestas tem grande relevância no ciclo biogeoquimico de nutrientes nos solos de baixa fertilidade sob florestas nativas e plantadas. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre as modificacoes na qualidade dessa agua e no balanco hidrologico apos a interceptacao pela copa do eucalipto sob condicoes de plantios puros e mistos com leguminosas, no Brasil. Amostras de agua de chuva (RF), de precipitacao interna (TF) e de escoamento pelo tronco (SF), foram coletadas e analisadas quimicamente em plantios puros de mangium (especie fixadora de nitrogenio atmosferico - EFN), guachapele (EFN) e eucalipto (especie nao fixadora de nitrogenio - ENFN) e consorciados com guachapele e eucalipto, em Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro. Nove coletores de escoamento pelo tronco (colocados em arvores), nove pluviometros posicionados ao acaso nos plantios e tres fora da influencia deles foram utilizados no monitoramento durante 5,5 meses. A mangium direcionou 33,4% do total precipitado para o seu tronco. Uma estimativa baseada na correcao da media anual precipitada na area (1.213 mm) indicou uma contribuicao no aporte de nutrientes (kg ha-1) de 8,42; 0,95; 19,04; 6,74; 4,72; e 8,71 kg ha-1 dos elementos N-NH4+, P, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2 and Na+, respectivamente. A precipitacao interna participou com a maior parte da contribuicao, em comparacao com o escoamento pelo tronco. Os maiores aportes de N-NH4+ (15,03 kg ha-1) e K+ (179,43 kg ha-1) foram observados sob as copas de guachapele em plantio puro. Elevada quantidade de Na+ denota influencia do mar proximo a area experimental. A mangium foi a especie adaptada a competicao por agua. Comparativamente ao plantio puro de eucalipto, o plantio misto intensificou a lixiviacao de N, Ca e Mg da copa, enquanto o de K e o P aportaram em menores quantidades nesse plantio.
Does the comprehensiveness of Decision- Making Process pay off?

Examining the relationship between comprehensive decision-making process and company performance produced contradictory results. Although some authors advocate a positive relationship between comprehensive decision-making process and company performance, others found a negative one. Accordingly, this relationship needs further examination in order to understand the real nature of this relationship. This research aims to investigate this relationship through including environmental dynamism as a contingency factor. To this end, a quantitative empirical study conducted on 335 European companies suggests a positive impact of comprehensive decision-making process on company performance regardless of environmental dynamism. Mots clés : Comprehensiveness, Decision-making process, company performance, environmental dynamism. Les working papers d’économie et gestion du laboratoire Regards sont édités après présentation en séminaire et validation par deux relecteurs internes, sous la responsabilité du conseil de laboratoire. Laboratoire d’Economie et Gestion REGARDS (EA 6292) Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne UFR de sciences économiques, sociales et de gestion 57B Rue Pierre Taittinger 51096 Reims Directeur : Martino Nieddu Responsable de l’édition des working papers : Cyril Hedoin
Dynamics of organic‐aggregate‐associated bacterial communities and related environmental factors in Lake Taihu, a large eutrophic shallow lake in China

To investigate the spatial and temporal variations of organic‐aggregate‐associated bacterial communities (OABC), a 25‐month observation was conducted at two contrasting sites (Meiliang Bay and the lake center) in Lake Taihu, China. The structures and dynamics of the OABC were determined by partially sequencing cloned 16S rRNA genes, and by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) analysis. One hundred ninety‐two T‐RFs were detected from the two sites, but only 17 T‐RFs were dominant, suggesting that specific microbial populations were adapted to the unique niche provided by the organic aggregates (OA). Phylogenetically, Beta‐ and Alphaproteobacteria constituted the numerically most important heterotrophic bacterial group. Analysis of similarity revealed significant intra‐lake heterogeneity, and significant temporal shifts in OABC. Canonical correspondence analysis demonstrated that site‐specific differences in sediment resuspension and nutrient enrichment (namely nitrate and total phosphorus) were the forces driving the intra‐lake differences in OABC. Water temperature and dissolved oxygen were related to the seasonal dynamics of OABC. The annual succession in OABC was significant in Meiliang Bay, but not in the lake center. In addition, nearly 35% of the bacterial sequences from OA related to bacteria from soils, activated sludge, sediments, and other habitats, indicating the potential importance of allochthonous bacteria in OABC.
Distribution of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp., in tomato greenhouses at Lattakia and Tartus Province in Syria

A survey of 35 tomato greenhouses from Syrian provinces Tartus and Lattakia revealed the presence of Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica . In Lattakia province, M. javanica was the dominant species (91%) and M. incognita found only once (9%). In Tartus province, M. incognita was the most prevalent species particularly in the southern parts (76%) and M. javanica occurred in several locations (24%) in northern Tar tus. The majority of the sampled tomato cultivars were infected with two Meloidogyne species; once both species were detected on the sam e variety.
ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI IN SCOTS PINE NEEDLES : SPATIAL VARIATION AND CONSEQUENCES OF SIMULATED ACID RAIN

Within- and among-tree variation in assemblages of endophytic fungi in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) needles were studied in a subarctic area where background pollution values are low; the effects of tree density and prolonged simulated acid rain on the occurrence of endophytic fungi were investigated. The needle endophyte most frequently isolated was Cenangium ferruginosum, accounting for 64% of all fungal individuals, followed by Cyclaneusma minus (12% of all individuals). Old needles were colonized more frequently by endophytes than young ones. In young needles the colonization by endophytes increased during the summer, whereas in old ones no seasonal variation was detected. Endophyte colonization was positively correlated with stand density and was reduced on pines treated with spring water acidified with either sulphuric acid alone or in combination with nitric acid. In contrast, nitric acid alone did not affect endophyte colonization. Key words: endophytes, needles, pine, Pinus, simulated acid rain,.
Employees of Commercial Banks Learning to Unlearn: A Case Study on The Impact of Electronic Banking in The Commercial Banks of Bangladesh

With the rapid emergence of new technologies in the age of the fourth industrial revolution, technology has affected every area of the business world and the financial sector. Job requirements are changing rapidly in the banking institutions with the inclusion of new technologies and the growing electronic banking sector. The main objective of this study is to find the level of job security that employees of banks have in the banking institutes. The study has been conducted using a 7-point Likert scale questionnaire in order to find out the employee attitude towards job security. The variables analysed in this paper are the effect of automatic teller machine (ATM), internet banking services, electronic money transfer and telephone banking on the overall attitude of employees of the banks towards their job security. The study used regression in SPSS using the responses from 101 respondents and discovered that all variables have a positive relationship with job security instead of a negative correlation. This means employees are not significantly affected by their job security due to emerging technology. The study concluded, the results is due to banks shifting recruiting policy towards hiring more technical workers and conducting training programs for filling the gap in knowledge.
Performance of single cross quality protein maize hybrids evaluated at Samaru-northern guinea savanna zone of Nigeria

Diallel mating design was used to generate fifteen single cross hybrids including fifteen reciprocals. The hybrids were evaluated together with their parents and thirteen checks at Samaru, Northern Guinea Savannah, of Nigeria in the years 2005 and 2006. The experimental design used was 7 x 7 incomplete lattice designs with three replications. There were significant differences between the various genotypes for all the fifteen traits observed. There was a highly significant difference in replication within year for the traits; days to tasselling, ash contents and ear height while significant differences were observed for the traits; emergence count, plant height, one thousand grain weight and grain yield. The significant mean squares observed for all the agronomic traits indicates that the genetic variability could be utilized for the improvement of yield and other desirable traits in quality protein maize breeding programs. The combined analysis of variance, the source of variation for entries, was partitioned into hybrids vs. parent’s mean squares which were significant for all traits observed except moisture content. This is a preliminary indication of the presence of heterosis in the single cross hybrids. The observed variabilities could be used to develop suitable hybrids and varieties.