Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MARITIME COLLISION AVOIDANCE AS A DIFFERENTIAL GAME

Collision avoidance during a two-ship encounter in the open sea is treated as a problem of optimal control using the theory of differential games. Each ship is assumed to have two controls corresponding to rudder angle and engine setting. Different versions of the game are obtained. Optimal evasive maneuvers and limiting conditions for ship encounters beyond which collision becomes unavoidable are determined analytically. Numerical examples are given for encounters between two ships, one of which has a higher speed and the other a smaller turning radius. Results are presented in a graphical form suitable for display on a radar screen.
Home-based business: Challenging their Cinderella status

This paper argues that home-based businesses (HBBs) do not deserve their Cinderella status in small business research and should attract much more attention from policy-makers. Over half of all small firms in advanced economies are home-based. Various factors are likely to drive this proportion higher. Moreover, UK studies show that HBB are serious economic undertakings, are involved in a diverse range of activities and are not any less growth oriented than other types of small business. Although the majority of HBBs only provide employment for their owner and sometimes one or two other persons, they do provide considerable work for others indirectly, through collaboration. A small proportion of HBBs have grown to a significant size and are engaged in international sales. HBBs also have important environmental, social and place-specific benefits. These themes are elaborated in the papers which follow in this special issue.
CRUSHED BRICK BLENDS WITH CRUSHED CONCRETE FOR PAVEMENT SUB-BASE AND DRAINAGE APPLICATIONS

Demolition materials are generated by demolition ac tivities and account for a major proportion of the waste materials present in landfills. Crushed brick and crushed con crete are major components of demolition materials. Recycled crushed concrete, crushed brick and crushed rock ar e however viable substitute materials for natural r esources used as construction materials in engineering applications. This paper presents the laboratory testing results of various proportions of crushed brick blends with crushed co ncrete. The engineering properties obtained were co mpared with existing local authority specifications for pavemen t subbase and drainage systems to ascertain the pot ential use of crushed brick blends in these applications. The dem olition materials for the experimental works were c ollected from a recycling site in Victoria, Australia.
Character analysis

• physical traits what the character looks like, how he/she dresses, how he moves • psychological/personality traits • motivation • behavior /actions • relationships with other characters in the story, how others see/react to him/her • weaknesses/faults • strengths/virtues • moral constitution often a character will agonize over right and wrong • protagonist/antagonist does the story revolve around this character’s actions? • complex/simple personality • history and background • change has the character changed during the course of the story? What was his/her motivation? Why? • similarities and differences of the characters • Does the character have a function in the story?
Perception of Risk in Sport Activities

The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My most profound thanks are given to Dr. E. Newton Jackson Jr., my adviser. He has provided invaluable encouragement and guidance; I will never forget his efforts. I am also grateful to my committee members, Dr. and Dr. Mondello, all of whom provided assistance and support throughout my doctoral studies. Without the encouragement, guidance, and patience of my parents, this dissertation would have never been completed. I simply can't adequately express the thanks that are due to my mother and father, who hold a very special place in my heart. Thanks are also due to my children, Eric(Younghyun) and Justin (Youngmin), who realized what is most important, and to my wife, Sora Cha, who gave me her heart to complete this work. I will always thank her for her endless efforts; I love you, forever, Sora.
The Socio-Economic Impacts of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining in Developing Countries

The purpose of this book is to examine both the positive and negative socioeconomic impacts of artisanal and small-scale mining in developing countries. In recent years, a number of governments have attempted to formalize this rudimentary sector of industry, recognizing its socioeconomic importance. However, the industry continues to be plagued by a wide range of problems, including environmental and health-related impacts, rampant illegal activity and illicit mineral marketing, and disease. The book provides an up-to-date overview of social and economic conditions in the artisanal and small-scale mining industry, integrating both theoretical assessments with case study research recently undertaken in the field. It features the following five sections: Policy and Regulatory Issues in the Small-Scale Mining Industry; Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining, Labour and the Community; African Case Studies of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining; Asian Case Studies of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining; and Latin American Case Studies of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining. Geared toward servicing a wide-ranging audience, including academics, consultants, and government researchers, The Socioeconomic Impacts of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining in Developing Countries is an invaluable tool for policy-makers at all levels.
Are labor pain and birth experience associated with persistent pain and postpartum depression? A longitudinal cohort study

Background: Managing labor pain and early postpartum pain has been linked to a reduced risk for postpartum depression and pain. However, the role of labor pain and the overall birth experience in the development of postpartum depression and persistent pain still remains unclear. Methods: The study sample (n=2217) was drawn from the Akershus Birth Cohort, which targeted all pregnant women scheduled to give birth at Akershus University Hospital in Norway between 2008-2010. Data from the hospital’s birth record as well as questionnaire data from gestational week 17 of pregnancy and eight weeks postpartum were used. An additional questionnaire about labor pain and birth experience was answered by 1 244 women within 48 hours after delivery. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to measure postpartum depression, a single question was used to measure persistent pain eight weeks postpartum, while pain and birth experience were measured by numeric rating scales within 48 hours after delivery. Results: The results showed that neither labor pain nor birth experience were associated with persistent pain eight weeks postpartum, whereas pain before pregnancy (OR 3.70; 95% CI 2.71-5.04) and a history of depression (OR 2.31; 95% CI 1.85-2.88) were statistically significant predictors of persistent pain. A negative birth experience was significantly (OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.04-1.29) associated with postpartum depression, whereas labor pain intensity was not. Again, a history of depression (OR 3.95; 95% CI 2.92-5.34) and pre-pregnancy pain (OR 2.03; 95% CI 1.37-3.01) were important predictors of postpartum depression eight weeks after delivery. Discussion: Whilst the relationship between labor pain intensity and postpartum pain and depression remain unclear, our results do imply the need to screen for previous depression and chronic pain conditions in pregnant women, as well as consider preventive measures in those who screen positive.
Experimental, theoretical and finite element analysis of a reinforced earth retaining wall including compaction and construction procedures

This thesis is concerned with an experimental and theoretical study of the behaviour of a reinforced earth retaining wall built on a rigid foundation, during and after construction with special attention paid to the effect of the compaction process. The theory and development of reinforced earth, four case histories, and tests on full scale models and small scale models related to the effects of compaction and current design methods have been reviewed with comments. The research work is tackled on two fronts: - Experimental model study. - Theoretical studies. 1) Experimental model study The model study, a three dimensional model, simulates a vertical reinforced earth retaining wall of height 6.0m with a model scale `10'. The model comprises an open fronted wooden box 1300mm long, 900mm wide and 700mm high, and the box contains the wall retaining 1200Kg of sand reinforced with aluminium foil strips 0.1mm thick attached to perspex facing panels of 150 x 150 x 18mm each. The sand bed in the model was formed using a sand spreader, dust extractor machine and a vibratory compaction device simulating the compaction plant in the field. Sixty six strain gauges, sixteen miniature pressure cells, which were developed and calibrated completely in the laboratory, and eight LVDTs were used to monitor the behaviour of the wall before, during and after compaction, under various uniform and variable compaction lengths and different methods of construction. Two methods of calibrating the density in the models were established, viz. temporary metal metal cylinders and permanent perspex cylinders. 2) Theoretical studies These were divided into two sections as follows: a - Theoretical study of compaction. b - Finite element method.
Hydraulic Design of Stepped Spillways and Downstream Energy Dissipators

Stepped channels and spillways have been used for centuries. Recently, new construction materials, (e.g. RCC, gabions) and design techniques (e.g. embankment overtopping protection) have increased the interest in stepped chutes. The steps produce considerable energy dissipation along the chute and reduce the size of the required downstream energy dissipation basin. This paper reviews the characteristics of modern stepped spillways. The basic flow patterns are described. Basic equations are developed, taking into account the free surface aeration in skimming flows. The calculations of the residual energy to be dissipated in the downstream dissipator are discussed. Simple design guidelines for the downstream energy dissipators are provided for use by professionals.
Drag or Along-Wind Response of Slender Structures

Theoretical approaches to the evaluation of the response of slender structures in turbulent shear flow have been proposed by a number of researchers. There are, however, limited experimental data supporting these developments and the assumptions upon which they have been based. In the present paper, the theory is reviewed briefly and the assumptions and necessary data examined in the light of recent experimental results. The theory is applied to predict the response of a slender tapered stack of circular cross section and the predictions compared with experimental observations of the behavior of a model stack in boundary layer flow. It is demonstrated that quasisteady approximations are adequate for wavelengths greater than about five to ten times the width of the structure and that the extension of the quasisteady approach to shorter wavelengths will, in general, yield a small overestimate of response. It is also shown that estimates of aerodynamic damping based on quasisteady assumptions are adequate.
Fake News on Social Media: People Believe What They Want to Believe When it Makes No Sense At All

Fake news (i.e., misinformation) on social media has sharply increased in the past few years. We conducted a behavioral experiment with EEG data from 83 social media users to understand whether they could detect fake news on social media, and whether the presence of a fake news flag affected their cognition and judgment. We found that the presence of a fake news flag triggered increased cognitive activity and users spent more time considering the headline. However, the flag had no effect on judgments about truth; flagging headlines as false did not influence users’ beliefs. A post hoc analysis shows that confirmation bias is pervasive, with users more likely to believe news headlines that align with their political opinions. Headlines that challenge their opinions receive little cognitive attention (i.e., they are ignored) and users are less likely to believe them.
Cibercultura e educação: a comunicação na sala de aula presencial e online*

This conference argues that teaching and learning practices in a cyberculture are faced with a sociotechnical context based on the computer and Internet in which communication practices are emerging that release the communication process from the unidirectional imperative of the mass media (the printed media, cinema, radio and TV) and provide the opportunity for network-based multidirectionality. To this end, the conference starts by examining studies of cyberculture and makes a number of suggestions regarding the development of a communication program that can embody the dynamics that bring together transmission and reception as opposite and complementary poles in the co-creation of communication and knowledge.
Older Workers and the Options for Flexible Work

The key aims of the review were to find out from the existing body of research: * What are the current patterns of employment of older men and older women? * What kind of flexible work options do older female and older male workers need, what informs their needs, and what are the barriers - including pension arrangements - to their taking up flexible and part-time work? * What would happen to patterns of employment for older women and older men if flexible working were more widely available? * What needs to be done to achieve more flexibility for older workers? The review consisted of three elements: a comprehensive review of existing literature from governmental and non-governmental sources; secondary analysis of existing datasets, especially the Labour Force Survey; and theme building to identify the key issues associated with older workers, gender and flexible employment.
The Measured Degree of Hiring Discrimination and the Level of Standardization of the Job Applicants´ Qualifications in Field Experiments

The idea with using field experiments for measuring discrimination in hiring is basically making all variables of a job applicant that are observable to the employer also observable to the researcher. This in turn should provide scope for measuring the true level of discrimination in hiring, which is very challenging if traditional ex post regression analysis of public microdata is used. However, most of the conducted field experiments have so far ignored that at what level the observable characteristics of the job candidates are standardized by the experiment might influence the measured degree of discrimination. In the current paper, a simple framework is first presented to illustrate the issue and then data from a field experiment conducted in the Swedish labor market is utilized to empirically analyze the question. The analysis show that the predicted difference in callback rate to a job interview between applicants with a typical Swedish and a typical Arabic name varies significantly over applications with different attributes attached. The conclusion is that studies which standardize the characteristics of the job applicants at a particular level might obtain very non generalizable results. At the end of the paper, we give some suggestions for how the field experimental methodology might be improved.
AntiPatterns: Refactoring Software, Architectures, and Projects in Crisis

If patterns are good ideas that can be re-applied to new situations, AntiPatterns: Refactoring Software, Architectures, and Projects in Crisis looks at what goes wrong in software development, time and time again. This entertaining and often enlightening text defines what seasoned developers have long suspected: despite advances in software engineering, most software projects still fail to meet expectations--and about a third are cancelled altogether. The authors of AntiPatterns draw on extensive industry experience, their own and others, to help define what's wrong with software development today. They outline reasons why problem patterns develop (such as sloth, avarice, and greed) and proceed to outline several dozen patterns that can give you headaches or worse. Their deadliest hit list begins with the Blob, where one object does most of the work in a project, and Continuous Obsolescence, where technology changes so quickly that developers can't keep up. Some of the more entertaining antipatterns include the Poltergeist (where do-nothing classes add unnecessary overhead), the Boat Anchor (a white elephant piece of hardware or software bought at great cost) and the Golden Hammer (a single technology that is used for every conceivable programming problem). The authors then proceed to define antipatterns oriented toward management problems with software (including Death by Planning and Project Mismanagement, along with several miniature antipatterns, that help define why so many software projects are late and overbudget). The authors use several big vendors' technologies as examples of today's antipatterns. Luckily, they suggest ways to overcome antipatterns and improve software productivity in "refactored solutions" that can overcome some of these obstacles. However, this is a realistic book, a mix of "Dilbert" and software engineering. A clever antidote to getting too optimistic about software development, AntiPatterns should be required reading for any manager facing a large-scale development project. --Richard Dragan
Practical Simulations of Control Characteristics of a Current-Mode DC/DC Converter

Behaviors of loop-gain functions and other control transfer functions are critically important in the design of current-mode DC/DC converters. In this paper, procedures were proposed to use SIMPLIS to simulate the two loop gain functions T 1 and T 2 , the equivalent control plant transfer function when the inner loop is closed Fin, current loop gain Ti and voltage loop gain T v . These models are practical to obtain, simple to use, accurate beyond switching frequency and are easily amendable to incorporate new converter configurations and new control schemes.
An acoustic, aerodynamic and perceptual investigation ofword-initial denasalization in Korean

Korean nasals /m/ and /n/ are generally considered by Korean phoneticians to be hardly different from the corresponding English sounds, but those in word-initial position are often perceived as plosives by native speakers of English. This had been noted by only a few previous observers, and investigated on a very limited scale. In this study, various experimental methods were employed in systematic analyses of the production and acoustic form of word-initial /m/ and /n/ from fluent connected speech collected from a relatively large number of informants, and corresponding perception tests were conducted with groups of Korean and English listeners. Auditory and spectrographic analyses confirmed that the segments were commonly “denasalized”. They display characteristics widely different from those of sonorant nasals, lacking the nasal formants commonly seen in spectrograms; in most cases they were more similar to voiced plosives, many tokens even showing plosive-like release bursts. Spectral analyses confirmed that denasalized nasals are significantly different from sonorant nasals throughout the whole frequency range but remain somewhat different from voiced plosives in the low and high frequency regions. Aerodynamic and accelerometer studies, which examined the consonants in CV combinations, indicated that the denasalized sounds are evidently produced with a pattern of velopharyngeal control which is different from those of sonorant nasals or of plosives. Perception tests showed overwhelmingly that the word-initial denasalized sounds are categorized as nasals by Korean listeners but as plosives by English listeners. When real voiced plosive tokens from another context are artificially moved to word-initial position, Koreans perceive these too as nasals, while English listeners’ responses are not sensitive to the context. The study shows that denasalization needs to be acknowledged as a major regular feature of spoken Korean, even though it has been largely ignored up to now. Directions for further research are outlined.
Floor-supply displacement ventilation system

Research on indoor environments has received more attention recently because reports of symptoms and other health complaints related to indoor environments have been increasing. Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems are used to control the indoor environment. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a good ventilation system that can provide good indoor environment. To improve indoor air quality, displacement ventilation systems can work well. The system provides fresh air directly to the occupied zone. However, the existing floorsupply displacement ventilation systems have some problems. Hence, the objective of this research was to improve the disadvantages of the current system, and to develop a new design for the floor-supply displacement ventilation system with floor diffusers. The research used numerical simulations through computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD). The experiment was carried out in a full-scale environmental chamber to obtain a reliable data on the floor-supply ventilation system. With the detailed data, the CFD program used in this research was validated. By using the validated program, we conducted numerical simulations of several different cases of the floor-supply system to evaluate the design and the performance of the system. The impacts of several parameters, such as the air change rate, number of diffusers, furniture arrangement, and cooling loads, on the indoor environment were investigated based on the thermal comfort level and indoor air quality. From the results, the parameters were ranked in the order of their impact. This result can be used for more specific case studies of each building design. Thesis Supervisor: Qingyan Chen Title: Associate Professor of Building Technology
Detached-Eddy Simulation of a Wide-Body Commercial Aircraft in High-Lift Configuration

Numerical prediction of the aerodynamic properties of high-lift configurations has become an important topic for the computational fluid dynamics community in the last years. The present paper shows and discusses a numerical study of the DLR-F11 high-lift configuration that was used as a model reference in the Second High-Lift Prediction Workshop, organized by the AIAA in 2013. Case 1 of the workshop was simulated with the commercial software ANSYS Fluent v14.5, using the Spalart–Allmaras (fully turbulent Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes) model. Numerical results showed good agreement for angles of attack lower than 18 deg; however, above this value, simulations were not accurate enough near to CL max. To study the influence of the turbulence model in the dynamics of the flow and the numerical prediction of the aerodynamic properties near to CL max, the original grids were adapted and a hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes/large-eddy simulation model (detached-eddy simulation based on Spalart–Allmaras) w.