Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the Amundsen Sea Freshwater Balance on Ocean Melting of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet

The Amundsen Sea has the highest thinning rates of ice shelves in Antarctica. This imbalance is caused by changes in ocean melting induced by warm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) intrusions. The resulting changing freshwater balance could affect the on ‐ shelf currents and mixing. However, a clear understanding of the sources and sinks of freshwater in the region is lacking. Here we use a model of the Amundsen Sea, with passive freshwater tracers, to investigate the relative magnitudes and spatial distributions of the different freshwater components. In the surface layer and as a depth average, all freshwater tracer concentrations are of comparable magnitude, though on a depth average, sea ice and ice shelf are largest. The total freshwater tracer distribution is similar to that of the ice ‐ shelf tracer ﬁ eld. This implies a potential for ice ‐ shelf meltwater feedbacks, whereby abundant ice ‐ shelf meltwater alters the ocean circulation and strati ﬁ cation, affecting melting. Ice ‐ shelf and sea ‐ ice freshwater ﬂ uxes have the largest interannual variability. The effect of including grounded icebergs and iceberg freshwater ﬂ ux are studied in detail. The presence of icebergs increases CDW intrusions that reach the base of ice shelves. This suggests another possible feedback mechanism, whereby more icebergs induce greater ice ‐ shelf melting and hence more icebergs. However, the strength of this potential feedback is dependent on poorly constrained sea ‐ ice model parameters. These results imply that poorly constrained parameters relating to the ocean freshwater balance, such as those relating to icebergs and sea ice, impact predictions for melting of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Summary The Amundsen Sea in Antarctica is an important region for understanding future sea ‐ level rise from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, as the region's ice shelves (the ﬂ oating extension of ocean terminating glaciers) are thinning due to changes in ocean melting. This could affect the amount of freshwater in the Amundsen Sea, possibly affecting ocean currents. In order to understand the distribution of freshwater from different sources (snowfall, ice ‐ shelf melting, iceberg melting, and sea ‐ ice melting) we use a specialized ocean model. This model shows that freshwater from all different sources have comparable magnitudes, though ice ‐ shelf and sea ‐ ice sources are largest. The fact that ice ‐ shelf meltwater is an important component implies a potential feedback in the system, whereby more ice ‐ shelf melting could alter ocean currents, and thereby cause more melting. We also investigated the effect of icebergs that ground on a seabed ridge. Icebergs increase the amount of warm water that reaches ice shelves. This provides a potential for another feedback, where more icebergs increase ice ‐ shelf melting, thereby producing more icebergs. These results imply that poorly known aspects of freshwater sources can impact predictions for future sea ‐ level rise contributions from the West Antarctic.
Assessment of Uncertainty Sources in Snow Cover Simulation in the Tibetan Plateau

Snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays an important role in Asian climate. State‐of‐the‐art models, however, show significant simulation biases. In this study, we assess the main uncertainty associated with model physics in snow cover modeling over the TP using ground‐based observations and high‐resolution snow cover satellite products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and FengYun‐3B (FY3B). We first conducted 10‐km simulations using the Noah with multiparameterization (Noah‐MP) land surface model by optimizing physics‐scheme options, which reduces 8.2% absolute bias of annual snow cover fraction (SCF) compared with the default model settings. Then, five SCF parameterizations in Noah‐MP were optimized and assessed, with three of them further reducing the annual SCF biases from around 15% to less than 2%. Thus, optimizing SCF parameterizations appears to be more important than optimizing physics‐scheme options in reducing the uncertainty of snow modeling. As a result of improved SCF, the positive bias of simulated surface albedo decreases significantly compared to the GLASS albedo data, particularly in high‐elevation regions. This substantially enhances the absorbed solar radiation and further reduces the annual mean biases of ground temperature from −3.5 to −0.8°C and snow depth from 4.2 to 0.2 mm. However, the optimized model still overestimates SCF in the western TP and underestimates SCF in the eastern TP. Further analysis using a higher‐resolution (4 km) simulation driven by topographically adjusted air temperature shows slight improvement, suggesting a rather limited contribution of the finer‐scale land surface characteristics to SCF uncertainty.
Employee Performance Appraisal Formalization and Change in SME Employee Intentions to Quit

This study examines the influence of employee performance appraisal (PA) formalization on changes in small to medium sized enterprise (SME) employee intentions to quit (ITQ). Specifically, this study builds upon extant research on human resource management within SMEs, employee performance appraisals, and social exchange theory (SET) to consider the influence of PA procedural justice, changes in trust in leadership (TIL), and organizational commitment (OC) arising from PA formalization in effecting change in SME employee ITQ. Results of this study suggest that the formalization of PA reduce SME employee ITQ. Consistent with social exchange theory, study results also suggest that employee perceptions of PA procedural justice, change in TIL, and change in OC are negatively related to ITQ. Finally, study results suggest that change in TIL mediates the effect of PA procedural justice on ITQ.
Toward a better understanding of the main antecedents and outcomes of consumer-based perceived product innovativeness

ABSTRACT Perceived product innovativeness has been addressed in the literature but most of time from the firm’s perspective, despite the key role consumers have in selecting new products among competitive offerings and in determining their success in the long run. Drawing upon previous research, our study identifies and tests four key antecedents and three main factors affecting the outcomes of consumer-based perceived product innovativeness. Based on samples drawn from the U.S. adult population, 3 separate studies, and the use of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM), the statistical results reveal that those identified antecedents and outcomes denote a strong fit with the concept of consumer-based perceived product innovativeness. The findings contribute to the literature by closing an important gap in the current knowledge related to this important marketing construct and its applications in future studies. Theoretical and managerial implications are provided.
Distribution and survival of leukemias in the mesoregion of the Potiguar West

In the mesoregion of the Potiguar West, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, literature concerning distribution and survival rates of leukemia in the population is sparse. This study intends to perform this analysis, exploring epidemiological data on patients, up to 100 years old, diagnosed between 2005 and 2014. In total, 183 patients with any type of leukemia were considered; acute myeloid leukemia was the most frequent (66 cases). Male patients were predominant (59%) and most cases did not progress to death (59.1%). In relation to survival, patients with acute myeloid leukemia presented less survival of 10 years after diagnosis, while patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia were most survival rates. Thus, it was possible to better characterize leukemia in this region, which is critical to identify possible risk factors and establish priorities on prevention, planning, management and evaluation of health services.
Pengaruh Rasio Keuangan pada Financial Distress

The purpose of this study is to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of financial ratios on financial distress. This research was conducted on companies in the basic and chemical industry sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2016-2018 period. The sample was determined using the nonprobability sampling method with a purposive sampling technique. The number of samples used was 39 companies and the overall observation data for the 2016-2018 period was 117 observation data. The analysis technique used is logistic regression analysis. Based on the results of the study, it was stated that liquidity ratios had no effect on financial distress, leverage ratios had a positive effect on financial distress, profitability ratios had a negative effect on financial distress, activity ratios had no effect on financial distress and growth ratios had no effect on financial distress. Keywords: Financial Distress; Financial Ratios; Logistic Regression.
Distributed H∞ containment control of multiagent systems over switching topologies with communication time delay

In this study, we consider the problem of distributed H∞ containment control for multiagent systems over switching communication topologies. There exists a constant time‐delay and the energy‐bounded communication disturbances in the information transmission process, which are considered. Using the relative output, we develop an observer‐based containment control scheme such that the followers asymptotically converge to the convex hull formed by the leaders with a guaranteed H∞ performance level. By constructing a Lyapunov functional and using the inequality technique, sufficient conditions for the existence of such dynamic controllers are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control protocol.
Examining Grade 11 science students’ difficulties in learning about vector operations

Studies on student learning of scientific concepts have shown that students often experience various difficulties in understanding basic physics concepts such as vector quantities, as a result of formal and informal learning. The purpose of the present study is to document Grade 11 students’ difficulties in understanding vectors and their associated concepts. Specifically, the study tried to find answers to questions about the overall level of difficulty experienced by Grade 11 students about vectors, the nature of these difficulties, and their association with operations, such as scalars, adding vectors graphically, determining vector magnitude and direction, and multiplying vectors by numbers. Altogether, 58 Grade 11 students participated in this study. The study employed a specifically adapted test to assess participants’ understanding of vectors in relation to: (1) identifying whether students can distinguish between vectors and scalars, (2) adding vectors graphically, (3) determining the vector magnitude and direction, and (4) multiplying vectors by numbers. The findings suggested that, although most students were able to distinguish between vectors and scalars, they had experienced various difficulties in understanding operations in relation to adding vectors, graphically and mathematically, determining vector magnitudes and directions, and multiplying vectors by numbers. The findings were discussed within the recent UAE educational reform policy.
A Continental Study of Relationships Between Leaf N and P Stoichiometry and Solar Radiation Including its Direct, Diffuse, and Spectral Components

Knowledge of the environmental factors affecting leaf element stoichiometry patterns can reveal nutrient fluxes of ecosystems and their responses to global change. However, understanding of continental patterns of leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry in relation to solar radiation is still insufficient. We compiled available data on leaf N and P concentrations for over 1,500 species of Chinese terrestrial plants extracted from publications and acquired surface solar radiation related indexes including global radiation, direct radiation, diffuse radiation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and ultraviolet‐B radiation (UVB), and other related climate indexes for 173 sites to explore the relationships between leaf N and P stoichiometry and solar radiation especially including its direct, diffuse, and spectral components for the first time at a continental scale. We found that leaf N and P concentrations were positively related to global radiation and direct radiation but negatively related to diffuse radiation. Leaf N and P concentrations were positively related to PAR but negatively related to UVB. Solar radiation had both direct associations and indirect associations mediated by temperature, precipitation, and so on with leaf N and P stoichiometry; furthermore, the direct associations, when solar radiation was indicated by spectral components, were greater than the indirect associations. So when predicting the effects of global dimming on ecosystem nutrient fluxes, we must distinguish the roles of direct, diffuse, and spectral components of solar radiation. Our study has implications for all future macroecological researches involving the effects of solar radiation on ecosystems.
Impact of Crop Establishment, Weed and Nutrient Management Practices on Microbial Population and Grain Yield of Transplanted Rice

Use of high energy agricultural inputs like fertilizers and pesticides cause environmental hazards, so it is desirable to develop a sustainable production system that give optimum productivity with minimum environmental pollution (Singh et al., 2010). The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is an alternative for conventional rice cultivation that saves the expensive external inputs, improves soil health/quality and protects the environment substantially (Ram et al., 2014). Microbes harbouring rhizosphere of crops provide benefits to crops through better nutrient availability by way of atmospheric N2 fixation or solubilizing fixed mineral forms of nutrients (Pandey et al., 2010). Use of integrated nutrient management yields maximum counts and establishment of microbes in soil rather than sole application of chemical fertilizer treatments (Kumar et al., 2014). Keeping foresaid points in view, the field experiments with different crop International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 7 (2017) pp. 1820-1824 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Global Governance and Interaction between International Institutions: The Challenge of the Eurasian International Organizations

ABSTRACT This essay is an introduction to the special issue and it outlines the main guiding puzzles and questions raised in different contributions. The special issue asks the following general questions. How Eurasian organisations are ‘embedded’ in the global and regional governance networks? What empirical and ideational strategies are implemented on the part of these organisations? How do they interact with traditional international institutions? The contributions in this issue develop different empirical and theoretical approaches to address these puzzles and to contribute to our understanding of Eurasian international organisations as actors in global governance and economy.
Maximum ramp rate estimation for active powers from generation units

Active powers from generation units are required to track changes of automatic generation control (AGC) commands from power grid dispatch centers. Maximum ramp rates are the fastest speeds in making required changes of active powers, and are valuable performance metrics for dispatching AGC commands to quickly suppress frequency fluctuations in power grids. This article proposes a method to estimate maximum ramp rates from historical data samples of active powers. The proposed method is composed by three steps to address some technical challenges. The first step resolves a challenge in separating original data samples of active powers into isolated data segments in piece‐wise linear representations, from which amplitude changes and time durations of active powers are obtained. The second step selects pairs of large amplitude changes and short time durations being associated with sufficient local densities; doing so deals with the second challenge to achieve a maximum ramp rate estimate representing a repeatable rapidity, instead of an occasional largest ramp rate. In order to alleviate and quantify the negative noise effects as the third challenge, the last step of the proposed method builds linear regression models on the selected pairs of amplitude changes and time durations, and estimates the maximum ramp rates with their confidence intervals afterwards. Existing methods in the literature do not fully consider the three challenges, so that resulting estimates are either the mixtures of fast and slow ramp rates, or the contaminated ones with large errors. Numerical and industrial examples are provided to illustrate the proposed method and compare with existing ones.
Suffering Depression: Illness Perception of Informal Primary Caregivers of Medical Students With Major Depressive Disorder

When a family member has depression at a level that generates disability in various functional spheres, the informal primary caregiver (IPC) is the individual who provides the majority of emotional and basic needs of the patient. This person is usually a relative and is extremely important in the health-disease-care process. This phenomenological qualitative study aimed to analyze the illness perception, in IPCs of undergraduate medical students previously diagnosed with mild depression. It was found that IPCs generate perceptions about depression based on a lack of knowledge of the disorder, which leads to feelings of sorrow, anger, frustration, and fear, that could interfere with the evolution of patients. Psychiatric disorders, such as depression, strongly impact both patients and people around them. For mental health professionals, in order to provide a more complete clinical approach, it is important to understand the illness perceptions not only of patients but of family IPCs as well.
Kinesin-propelled label-free microtubules imaged with interference reflection microscopy

Interference reflection microscopy (IRM) utilizes the interference between the light reflected from the surface and the light reflected from an object to generate contrast and can be used to image nanometer size objects, such as a microtubule adhered to a surface as demonstrated by Mahamdeh et al. In in vitro gliding motility assays and in a variety of nanodevices, cytoskeletal filaments are propelled by surface-adhered motor proteins 20 to 50 nm above the surface. Here we employ IRM to image kinesin propelled label-free microtubules and show that these unlabeled microtubules are longer and move at higher velocities compared to rhodamine-labeled microtubules. IRM also provides information about the distance of an elevated microtubule from the surface and is used by us to follow microtubules crossover events. Finally, we perform the gliding assay without adding an oxygen scavenging system and show that there is significantly less photodamage for label-free microtubules measured with IRM compared to rhodamine-labeled microtubules imaged with fluorescence microscopy. This result suggests that IRM can be used for future experiments to further explore the effect of oxygen radicals on the gliding assay. Moreover, the increased velocity and length make label-free microtubules desirable for engineered devices based on molecular motors and filaments.
The Electoral Success of the Extreme Right: Is the Presence of a Minority Important?

Anti-minority rhetoric as an almost universal feature of extremeright parties is often analytically and empirically linked to their electoral success. This article tests the link between the presence of an outgroup and the vote for the extreme right in an attempt to explain the electoral success of the first openly anti-system extreme-right party to enter the Slovak parliament in 2016. A multilevel approach is used to analyse the connection between Roma presence in a municipality and extreme-right support while controlling for the individual characteristics of voters. Analysis using exit-poll data covering 161 municipalities and 20 128 voters reveals no relationship between the presence of Roma in a municipality and support for the extreme right. A partial exception seems to be observed for older voters and the university-educated, who are generally the least inclined to far-right support. Interaction effects suggest that, for these groups, Roma presence might be connected to a higher probability to cast a vote for the extreme right. However, a notably higher chance of voting for the extreme right was associated with young, male, manual labourers and people without university education.
Clubroot in canola and cabbage in relation to soil temperature, plant growth and host resistance

CLUBROOT IN CANOLA AND CABBAGE IN RELATION TO SOIL TEMPERATURE, PLANT GROWTH AND HOST RESISTANCE Thomas Vinzenz Gludovacz Advisors: University of Guelph, 2013 Dr. Mary Ruth McDonald Dr. Bruce D. Gossen The effects of diurnal temperature fluctuation and the utility of degree days for modeling clubroot on canola (Brassica napus L.) caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin were assessed using microscopy and qPCR, and in field trials. Temperature fluctuation had little effect on pathogen development. The optimal temperature for root hair infection was 25° C. Air and soil degree days and rainfall were used as metrics for estimating clubroot development, with only limited success. Several cultivars of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) with unknown clubroot resistance mechanism(s) were assessed using staining and microscopy, and qPCR. In field trials, ‘Bronco’ was susceptible to clubroot (100 DSI), ‘Kilaherb’ was resistant (0 DSI), and ‘B-2819’ was intermediate (53 DSI). Plasmodiophora brassicae was present in cortical tissue of all cultivars. A delayed disease phenotype in ‘B-2819’ may indicate a quantitative resistance genotype that could be exploited in research on resistance genes and breeding.
Gubernatorial Elections and Coattail Effects of Women Candidates

ABSTRACT Much existing research on coattail effects focuses on the president’s ability to attract votes for congressional candidates of the same party. In addition to candidates’ parties being noted on the ballot, however, voters can often infer candidate gender, meaning it could also influence voter perceptions of candidates. In this article, we examine whether coattail effects exist not just at the party-level, but also with respect to gender. Using electoral data from gubernatorial and state legislative races from 2010 and 2014, we examine the degree to which women candidates for governor attract votes for female candidates for state legislative races down-ballot. We find that women state legislative candidates can benefit from having a woman at the top of the ticket, but the context and frequency of this benefit differs by party.
Commentary: Prevalence, Predictors, and Treatment of Imposter Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Imposter syndrome is a condition that describes high-achieving individuals who, despite their objective successes, fail to internalize their accomplishments and have persistent self-doubt and fear of being exposed as a fraud or imposter1. Individuals struggling with imposter syndrome do not attribute their performance to their actual competence, instead ascribe their successes to external factors such as luck or help from others while considering setbacks as evidence of their professional inadequacy2.