Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The complexity of computing a Nash equilibrium

We resolve the question of the complexity of Nash equilibrium by showing that the problem of computing a Nash equilibrium in a game with 4 or more players is complete for the complexity class PPAD. Our proof uses ideas from the recently-established equivalence between polynomial time solvability of normal form games and graphical games, establishing that these kinds of games can simulate a PPAD-complete class of Brouwer functions.
Compositional Verification of Agents in Dynamic Environments: a Case Study

In this paper compositional verification of agents in dynamic environments is studied. Dynamic properties of an example agent in a dynamic environment are identified in relation to the different abstraction levels of the compositional structure of the system. The properties are formalised using temporal models. Mathematical proofs relate the properties at the different process abstraction levels. The dynamics of the environment has several consequences for the verification process. Properties often have to contain conditions concerning the dynamic behaviour of the world. In the proofs, the partly unpredictable behaviour of the word has to be taken into account. This complicates the verification process. A number of aspects of proof pragmatics (i.e., heuristics for finding proofs) identified during this analysis and aimed at controlling the proof complexity, are discussed.
Proteomic analysis of the oxygen‐evolving complex of photosystem II under biotec stress: Studies on Nicotiana benthamiana infected with tobamoviruses

We have previously shown that tobamovirus infection induces an inhibition of photosystem II electron transport, disturbing the oxygen‐evolving complex (OEC). In the infected plants, the OEC polypeptide pattern was modified when compared to healthy plants, the levels of the PsbP and PsbQ extrinsic proteins being lowered to different extents. In this work we have further investigated by two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) the changes on the OEC protein pattern of thylakoid membranes isolated from Nicotiana benthamiana Domin plants infected with the Spanish strain of pepper mild mottle virus. When the thylakoid membranes from healthy plants were analyzed for the presence of PsbO and PsbP proteins by 2‐DE (pI range 4–7) and further immunoassayed by using specific‐antisera against these two proteins, it was observed that four polypeptides cross‐reacted with each antiserum. These data, along with the N‐terminal amino acid sequence determined for the eight polypeptides, indicate that the N. benthamiana PsbO and PsbP proteins correspond to protein families. In the silver‐stained 2‐DE gels of thylakoid membranes isolated at different days postinoculation from virus‐infected plants, it was observed that the content of PsbP polypeptides decreased dramatically with respect to those of PsbO, during the progress of the infection. Interestingly, there was a differential decrease of the different PsbP proteins, indicative of a distinct regulation of their expression.
Study protocol for a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of S-ketamine for pain treatment in patients with chronic pancreatitis (RESET trial)

Introduction Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an inflammatory disease that causes irreversible damage to pancreatic tissue. Pain is its most prominent symptom. In the absence of pathology suitable for endoscopic or surgical interventions, pain treatment usually includes opioids. However, opioids often have limited efficacy. Moreover, side effects are common and bothersome. Hence, novel approaches to control pain associated with CP are highly desirable. Sensitisation of the central nervous system is reported to play a key role in pain generation and chronification. Fundamental to the process of central sensitisation is abnormal activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, which can be antagonised by S-ketamine. The RESET trial is investigating the analgaesic and antihyperalgesic effect of S-ketamine in patients with CP. Methods and analysis 40 patients with CP will be enrolled. Patients are randomised to receive 8 h of intravenous S-ketamine followed by oral S-ketamine, or matching placebo, for 4 weeks. To improve blinding, 1 mg of midazolam will be added to active and placebo treatment. The primary end point is clinical pain relief as assessed by a daily pain diary. Secondary end points include changes in patient-reported outcome measures, opioid consumption and rates of side effects. The end points are registered through the 4-week medication period and for an additional follow-up period of 8 weeks to investigate long-term effects. In addition, experimental pain measures also serves as secondary end points, and neurophysiological imaging parameters are collected. Furthermore, experimental baseline recordings are compared to recordings from a group of healthy controls to evaluate general aspects of pain processing in CP. Ethics and dissemination The protocol is approved by the North Denmark Region Committee on Health Research Ethics (N-20130040) and the Danish Health and Medicines Authorities (EudraCT number: 2013-003357-17). The results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific conferences. Trial registration number The study is registered at http://www.clinicaltrialsregister. eu (EudraCT number 2013-003357-17).
Is the Charlson Comorbidity Index useful for predicting trauma outcomes?

BACKGROUND Inclusion of a measure of comorbidity in trauma scoring has been suggested due to the potential for preexisting conditions to impact on patient outcomes, but studies have reported varied results. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) includes 19 diseases weighted on the basis of their association with mortality, and can be extrapolated from International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes for administrative databases. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the CCI as a predictor of trauma outcome. METHODS Major trauma patient data from the Victorian State Trauma Registry (VSTR) were used to evaluate the CCI (n = 2,819). The CCI was scored from ICD-10 codes through modification of a previous method of mapping ICD-9 codes to the CCI. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between the CCI and mortality, the effect of adding the CCI to the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) methodology, and the impact of adding the CCI to a modification of the TRISS methodology. Model performance was assessed through discrimination and calibration. RESULTS The CCI was associated with death (p < 0.001), but adding the CCI to TRISS [area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.86; 95% CI = 0.84 to 0.88] did not result in improved discrimination over TRISS alone (AUC 0.83; 95% CI = 0.81 to 0.86). Modifying TRISS methodology, with age left as a continuous variable, performed better than the original TRISS (AUC 0.91; 95% CI = 0.89 to 0.92), but the addition of the CCI did not further improve this model (AUC 0.91; 95% CI = 0.89 to 0.92). CONCLUSIONS While the CCI can be extrapolated from ICD codes and provides a measure of comorbid condition severity and was associated with mortality, addition of the CCI to prediction models did not result in a substantial improvement in performance.
Immersive Visualization of the quality of dimensionality reduction

Dimensionality reduction is the most widely used approach for extracting the most informative low-dimensional features from highdimensional ones. During the last two decades, different techniques (linear and nonlinear) have been proposed by researchers in various fields. However, the main question is now how well a specific technique does this job. In this paper, we introduce a qualitative method to assess the quality of dimensionality reduction. In contrast to numerical assessment, we focus here on visual assessment. We visualize the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) of neighborhood graphs of data before and after dimensionality reduction in an immersive 3D virtual environment. We employe a mixture of linear and nonlinear dimension reduction techniques to apply to both synthetic and real datasets. The visualization depicts the quality of each technique in term of preserving distances and neighborhoods. The results show that a specific dimension reduction technique exhibits different performance in dealing with different datasets.
DBMA-Net: A Dual-Branch Multiattention Network for Polyp Segmentation

In the early prevention stage of colorectal cancer (CRC), the utilization of automatic polyp segmentation techniques from colonoscopy images has demonstrated efficacy in mitigating the misdiagnosis rate. Nonetheless, accurate polyp segmentation is always against with various challenges, including the presence of inconsistent size and morphological changes within polyp classes, limited interclass contrast, and high levels of interference. In recent years, much methodologies based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely introduced to enhance the precision of polyp segmentation. However, two significant hurdles persist: 1) these methods frequently suffer from an inadequate acquisition of contextual features, causing insufficient feature representation and 2) there is a deficiency in recognizing intricate information, such as precise polyp boundaries. Addressing these issues, this article introduces a novel dual-branch multiattention network, denoted as DBMA-Net. Specifically, proposed DBMA-Net primarily introduces a dual-encoding path that combines CNN and Transformer-based approaches to enrich feature representation. Additionally, an attention-based fusion module (AFM) is incorporated between the dual-encoding path, aimed at optimizing features by supplementing local information with global insights. Subsequently, two distinct attention mechanisms are introduced to enhance features: the attention-based enhancement module (AEM) and the multiview attention module (MAM), to acquire stronger local features. These modules serve to enrich the finer details while extensively exploring and enhancing the lesion region, thereby further elevating segmentation accuracy. Following the above feature optimization, the enhanced feature maps are hierarchically integrated across multiple scales based on the proposed multiscale feature integration module (MFIM) for accurate feature reconstruction. This strategy not only curtails feature loss but also aids in restoring feature resolution. Ultimately, comprehensive experiments, including comparative and ablation studies across various datasets, validate the superior segmentation performance of the proposed network compared to most state-of-the-art (SOTA) models.
Visualization of longitudinally-oriented intermediate filaments in frozen sections of chicken cardiac muscle by a new staining method

When ultrathin frozen sections of chicken cardiac muscle were osmicated, dehydrated in ethanol, embedded in ethyl cellulose, and stained with acidic uranyl acetate, filaments of 10-12 nm width were visualized in wide interfibrillar spaces. Immunostaining of the frozen sections for desmin resulted in exclusive labeling of such filaments. These observations indicated that longitudinally oriented networks of intermediate filaments were present in the interfibrillar spaces, in addition to the transversely oriented networks that surround myofibrils at the level of Z band. As in skeletal muscle (Tokuyasu, K. T., A. H. Dutton, and S. J. Singer, 1983, J. Cell Biol. 97:1727-1735), desmin in chicken cardiac muscle is believed to be largely, if not entirely, in the form of intermediate filaments.
Subwavelength optical lithography: challenges and impact on physical design

We review the implications of subwavelength optical lithography for new tools and ows in the interface between layout design and manufacturability. After discussing the necessity of corrections for optical process e ects (i.e., use of optical proximity correction (OPC) and phase-shifting masks (PSM)), we focus on the implications of OPC and PSM for layout and veri cation methodologies. Our discussion addresses the necessary changes in the design-tomanufacturing ow, including infrastructure development in the mask and process communities as well as opportunities for research and development in physical layout and veri cation.
Unlocking the Potential of Stem Cell Microenvironments In Vitro

The field of regenerative medicine has recently witnessed groundbreaking advancements that hold immense promise for treating a wide range of diseases and injuries. At the forefront of this revolutionary progress are stem cells. Stem cells typically reside in specialized environments in vivo, known as microenvironments or niches, which play critical roles in regulating stem cell behavior and determining their fate. Therefore, understanding the complex microenvironments that surround stem cells is crucial for advancing treatment options in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. Several research articles have made significant contributions to this field by exploring the interactions between stem cells and their surrounding niches, investigating the influence of biomechanical and biochemical cues, and developing innovative strategies for tissue regeneration. This review highlights the key findings and contributions of these studies, shedding light on the diverse applications that may arise from the understanding of stem cell microenvironments, thus harnessing the power of these microenvironments to transform the landscape of medicine and offer new avenues for regenerative therapies.
The Role of IT Culture in IT Management: Searching for Individual Archetypal IT Cultural Profiles

This article presents findings from an ethnographic study aimed at developing a typology of IT users based upon their Individual IT Culture. Social Identity Theory and the existence of a Technological Cultural vayev in6eac~ anvividual are the two main underpinnings of this typology, which is approached in a holistic perspective of the concept of culture. This offers a new path to understanding IT adoption and diffusion in organizations, which is an alternative to traditional theories using Organizational Culture and National Culture as frameworks in IS research. Our typology, built upon users’ self identities, develops eight archetypal profiles of IT-users. Within these identities, IT-assumptions, IT-values and IT-practices compose what we present as the users’ technological cultural identities or profiles. This typology is then used to illustrate how individuals, depending on their Individual Technological Cultural Profiles, can play different roles in the socialization processes which are induced by the IT implementation projects.
Identification of Comamonas species using 16S rRNA gene sequence

A bacterial strain Bz02 was isolated from a water sample collected from river Gomti at the Indian city of Lucknow. We characterized the strain using 16S rRNA sequence. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the strain formed a monophyletic clade with members of the genus Comamonas. The closest phylogenetic relative was Comamonas testosteroni with 95% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. It is proposed that the identified strain Bz02 be assigned as the type strain of a species of the genus Comamonas (Comamonas sp Bz02) based on 16S rRNA gene sequence search in Ribosomal Database Project, small subunit rRNA and large subunit rRNA databases together with the phylogenetic tree analysis. The sequence is deposted in GenBank with the accession number FJ211417.
Biomonitoring Occupational Exposure to Cytostatic Anticancer Drugs

Cytostatic anticancer drugs are known as carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic risk factors for health care workers who are occupationally exposed during the preparation and administration of such drugs. During the last 20 years, several researchers have developed and validated methods to monitor occupational exposure to such agents. This paper reviews the literature with respect to the possible effects on occupationally exposed hospital workers and establishing occupational exposure.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effect of North American working hours restrictions on mortality and morbidity in surgical patients

Short duty hours, imposed by the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) regulations, have been claimed to be associated with loss of continuity of care among surgical patients, leading to a potentially increased risk of adverse surgical outcomes. This systematic review and meta‐analysis assessed the strength of associations between duty hour restrictions and morbidity and mortality of various surgical procedures.
Object detection of satellite images using multi-channel higher-order local autocorrelation

The Earth observation satellites have been monitoring the earth's surface for a long time, and the images taken by the satellites contain large amounts of valuable data. However, it is extremely hard work to manually analyze such huge data. Thus, a method of automatic object detection is needed for satellite images to facilitate efficient data analyses. This paper describes a new image feature extended from higher-order local autocorrelation to the object detection of multispectral satellite images. The feature has been extended to extract spectral inter-relationships in addition to spatial relationships to fully exploit multispectral information. The results of experiments with object detection tasks conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed feature extension indicate that the feature realized a higher performance compared to existing methods.
Cellooligomer/CELLOOLIGOMER RECEPTOR KINASE1 Signaling Exhibits Crosstalk with PAMP-Triggered Immune Responses and Sugar Metabolism in Arabidopsis Roots

The degradation of cellulose generates cellooligomers, which function as damage-associated molecular patterns and activate immune and cell wall repair responses via the CELLOOLIGOMER RECEPTOR KINASE1 (CORK1). The most active cellooligomer for the induction of downstream responses is cellotriose, while cellobiose is around 100 times less effective. These short-chain cellooligomers are also metabolized after uptake into the cells. In this study, we demonstrate that CORK1 is mainly expressed in the vascular tissue of the upper, fully developed part of the roots. Cellooligomer/CORK1-induced responses interfere with chitin-triggered immune responses and are influenced by BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE1 and the receptor kinase FERONIA. The pathway also controls sugar transporter and metabolism genes and the phosphorylation state of these proteins. Furthermore, cellotriose-induced ROS production and WRKY30/40 expression are controlled by the sugar transporters SUCROSE-PROTON SYMPORTER1, SUGARS WILL EVENTUALLY BE EXPORTED TRANSPORTER11 (SWEET11), and SWEET12. Our data demonstrate that cellooligomer/CORK1 signaling is integrated into the pattern recognition receptor network and coupled to the primary sugar metabolism in Arabidopsis roots.
Classification Performance Comparison of BERT and IndoBERT on SelfReport of COVID-19 Status on Social Media

Messages shared on social media platforms like X are automatically categorized into two groups: those who self-report COVID-19 status and those who do not. However, it is essential to note that these messages cannot be a reliable monitoring tool for tracking the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The classification of social media messages can be achieved through the application of classification algorithms. Many deep learning-based algorithms, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) or Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), have been used for text classification. However, CNN has limitations in understanding global context, while LSTM focuses more on understanding word-by-word sequences. Apart from that, both require a lot of data to learn. Currently, an algorithm is being developed for text classification that can cover the shortcomings of the previous algorithm, namely Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT). Currently, there are many variants of BERT development. The primary objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two classification models, namely BERT and IndoBERT, in identifying self-report messages of COVID-19 status. Both BERT and IndoBERT models were evaluated using raw and preprocessed text data from X. The study's findings revealed that the IndoBERT model exhibited superior performance, achieving an accuracy rate of 94%, whereas the BERT model achieved a performance rate of 82%.
Clinical correlates of sleep problems in systemic sclerosis: the prominent role of pain.

OBJECTIVE Problems with sleep are common in patients with SSc and impact daily function. Little research, however, has examined factors associated with sleep disruption in SSc. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate socio-demographic and medical factors associated with sleep disruption in SSc. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 70 patients from one Canadian Scleroderma Research Group site who were assessed with a 100-mm sleep disruption visual analogue scale (VAS). Patients also completed measures of pain and depressive symptoms and underwent clinical histories and medical examinations. Pearson's correlations were used to assess bivariate association of socio-demographic and medical variables with sleep VAS scores. Multivariable associations of socio-demographic (Step 1) and medical (Step 2) variables with sleep VAS scores were assessed using hierarchical multiple linear regression. RESULTS The mean (s.d.) sleep disruption VAS score was 38.5 (29.9). In bivariate analyses, sleep disruption was associated with marital status (r = -0.24, P = 0.042), smoking (r = 0.27, P = 0.025), gastrointestinal symptoms (r = 0.27, P = 0.023), breathing problems (r = 0.31, P = 0.009), pain (r = 0.53, P < 0.001) and symptoms of depression (r = 0.34, P = 0.004). In multivariate analysis, only marital status (standardized β = -0.24, P = 0.049) and pain (standardized β = 0.50, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with sleep disruption. CONCLUSION Sleep disruption scores were as high in SSc as in RA and higher than in the general population. Pain was robustly associated with sleep disruption. Additional research is needed on sleep in SSc so that well-informed sleep interventions can be developed and tested.