Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of chromium, cadmium and mercury on the gill histology of Clarias batrachus L.

Effect of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and mercury (Hg) on the gill histology of Clarias batrachus L. was investigated following 28 days exposure to their sublethal concentrations under laboratory condition. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the lamellar epithelium, necrosis, partial lifting of epithelial layer, damage of gill ray, oedema of primary lamellae, damage of pillar cells and congestion of blood vessels were the main histopathological changes. In Cd treated fishes the interlamellar spaces were abolished but distended gill rays were characteristics of Cr treatment. Extensive cellular and tissue damages were prominent in Hg treated fishes. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/cujbs.v4i1. 13383 The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 4(1 &2):13-23, 2009
Toxic effect of Euphorbia tirucalli (Pencil tree) sap on Tilapia zillii fingerlings

Fingerlings of Tilapia zillii (5.20 gm ±0.03) were exposed to sap extract of Euphorbia tirucalli at concentrations of 6.00, 3.00, 1.50, 0.75 and 0.38 mg-1 with control as 0.00 mg-1 for 96 hours. The static bioassay showed that the 96-hour LC50 was 1.20 mg with lower and upper confidence limits of 0.78 and 1.85 mg respectively. Erratic swimming, loss of balance, respiratory distress, air gulping was observed before eventually death of the fish. Opercular ventilation and tail fin counts increased with increasing concentrations of the sap extract. Histopathological examination of the gills and liver revealed damages to these organs which were directly proportional to the concentration of the sap extract while those in the control tanks remained unchanged. Phytochemical analysis of the sap extract showed the presence of alkaloid, tannin, saponin, cardiac glycoside, rotenone, phenols, volatile oil, balsam and steroids. Water quality parameters monitored showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in temperature and pH while there was significant difference (P>0.05) in values obtained in dissolved oxygen, free carbon oxide and alkalinity. The implications of the findings as they affect the exposed fish and the aquatic ecosystem are discussed.
Differences in organic matter and bacterioplankton between sections of the largest Arctic river: Mosaic or continuum?

We studied biogeochemical characteristics, including organic carbon and nitrogen contents, fatty acid (FA) composition, stable isotope ratios, and primary production in conjunction with species composition of bacterioplankton, using next generation sequencing, in the Yenisei River along a distance ∼1800 km. Basing on FA composition of particulate organic matter (POM) and on other indicators of sources of POM, the river was subdivided into four sections. The upper section 1, situated in mountain region, was the net source of high‐quality autochthonous organic matter, produced primarily by diatoms and partly consumed by specialized bacteria species. Section 2 in plain taiga was net sink of high quality allochthonous and autochthonous organic matter, produced by cyanobacteria and green algae. Section 3 was net sink of organic matter, primarily allochthonous, consumed by the specialized species of bacteria. The lowest section 4, situated in tundra, was primarily the conduit of recalcitrant terrestrial organic matter, but also the net source of autochthonous organic matter, produced by diatoms. Biogeochemical traits of sections of the Yenisei River evidently shaped dominant species composition of bacterioplankton of these sections. Regarding the biogeochemical and microbiological data, we concluded that the Yenisei River ecosystem complexly combines features of river mosaic, river continuum, and “neutral pipe. ”
Binding of [3H]Nitrendipine to Proteins in the Plasma Membrane of Sea Urchin Sperm

The plasma membrane fractions of the sperm of four species of sea urchin, obtained by the method by Podell et al. (24), gave similar electrophoretic profiles of proteins. Several proteins in the membrane fraction from Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus bound [3H]nitrendipine, a specific antagonist of voltage‐dependent Ca2+channels, added at concentration of about 104times those reported to be effective in muscle and nerve cells. Nifedipine, a close analogue of nitrendipine, decreased the bindings of [3H]nitrendipine to 210, 140, 130 and 110 kDa and increased its bindings to several other proteins. Diltiazem, another type of Ca2+channel blocker, enhanced the bindings of [3H]nitrendipine to proteins of 210, 140, 130 and 110 kDa, and decreased its bindings to the other proteins. This effect of diltiazem on the binding of [3H]nitrendipine to proteins in the membrane fraction was similar to its effect on the mammalian excitable membrane fraction. The proteins whose binding to [3H]nitrendipine was blocked by nifedipine and enhanced by diltiazem are Ca2+channels.
Origens e distribuições dos nervos obturatórios em fetos fêmeas de bovinos azebuados

Um dos fatores que contribui para aumentar os indices produtivos da pecuaria brasileira e o aumento das taxas de concepcao e numero de bezerros nascidos. Danos traumaticos induzidos pelo feto levam a lesao no nervo obturatorio e paralisacao pos-parto da vaca. Logo, trinta fetos femeas de bovinos azebuados foram estudados com o objetivo de determinar a origem e distribuicao dos nervos obturatorios. Foram usadas tecnicas anatomicas usuais de fixacao em solucao aquosa de formol a 10%, a fim de preparar o material para posterior dissecacao. O nervo obturatorio originou-se dos ramos ventrais dos nervos espinhais L5 e S1 (em 6,66%), L5, L6 e S1 (em 56,66%), L5 e L6 (em 23,33%) e L6 e S1 (em 13,33%) e distribuiu-se, em todos os exemplares, nos musculos obturadores interno e externo, pectineo, gracil e adutor. Nao houve diferencas estatisticas entre as origens e os ramos dos nervos obturatorios enviados aos antimeros esquerdo e direito de fetos femeas de bovinos azebuados.
Genetic parameters of several biochemical compounds from green coffee, Coffea canephora

A factorial crossing scheme of #Coffea canephora# (two parents from the Congolese group crossed to 14 parents of the Guinean group) was used to evaluate genetic parameters of several biochemical compounds, bean weight and crop outturn (ration of dry bean weight to fresh berry weight). For most characters studied, additive genetic effects were preponderant. Narrow-sense heritability was high for caffeine content (h2(ns): 0.80), fat matter content (h2(ns): 0.74), bean weight (h2(ns): 0.73) and crop outturn (h2(ns): 1). It was intermediate for trigonelline (h2(ns): 0.38) and chlorogenic acid (h2(ns): 0.36) content. Only sucrose content had a low narrow-sense heritability (h2(ns): 0.11 ). There were few genetic and environmental correlations. Consequences for breeding, in relation to coffee drinking quality, are discussed. (Resume d'auteur)
A barn owl feeding study with [14c]flocoumafen‐dosed mice: Validation of a non‐invasive method of monitoring exposure of barn owls to anticoagulant rodenticides in their prey

A study was carried out to assess the feasibility of monitoring the exposure of barn owls (Tyto alba) to an anticoagulant rodenticide, flocoumafen, by analysis of residues in regurgitated pellets following consumption of flocoumafen-contaminated mice. Mice were fed on a diet containing [14C]flocoumafen, equivalent to 12 mg kg−1, and killed 24 h later. A single [14C]flocoumafen-contaminated mouse was fed to each of four captive barn owls, equivalent to 0·11-0·23 mg kg−1 per bird, followed on seven successive days by control diet (i.e. undosed mice). The [14C]flocoumafen dose was eliminated by the owls over the eight-day period in pellets (44%, range 35–55%) and faeces (18%, range 11–21%), with the highest residues being observed in samples from the first 24-h period. Further detailed analysis of the pellets confirmed that flocoumafen residues in the first-day pellets represented 15% (range 8–26%) of the original flocoumafen residues ingested by the barn owls. Calculations based on these data and typical flocoumafen residues in live captured rodents (following baiting) confirm that pellet residue analysis is a sensitive and appropriate method for the non-invasive monitoring of exposure of barn owls to flocoumafen. There were no symptoms of anticoagulant poisoning in any of the birds; two of the birds were successfully paired the next season and produced fledgelings.
RESPONSES OF MOLE SALAMANDERS TO CLEARCUTTING: USING FIELD EXPERIMENTS IN FOREST MANAGEMENT

Impacts of forest management practices on amphibian populations have re- ceived growing attention in the last 10 yr. However, to date, measured responses include only comparisons of species diversity indices and population counts without true spatial and temporal controls. We used an experimental approach to test for differences in growth rate, fecundity, age at maturity, and whole-body storage lipids in individual mole sala- manders, Ambystoma talpoideum, placed in differently managed habitats. Four 100-M2 field enclosures were built in each of two habitats, a 4-mo-old clearcut and an adjacent 40-yr- old pine forest. On 19 July 1994, 80 recently metamorphosed and individually marked, weighed, and measured (snout-vent length) A. talpoideum were randomly assigned to field enclosures (n = 640 salamanders). Between 31 October 1994 and 31 March 1995, sala- manders were collected from the enclosures using pitfall traps. Body mass and length, whole-body nonpolar storage lipids, clutch size, and egg nonpolar lipids were determined for sexually mature salamanders. After an average of 5-6 mo exposure to clearcut and 40- yr-old pine forest, there were no significant differences between habitats for number of recaptured salamanders, final body mass, final body length, percent whole-body storage lipid, clutch size, or percent storage lipid of eggs. Our results suggest, in contrast to expectations based on many comparative studies with other species, that habitat modification resulting from clearcutting may not have detrimental effects on newly metamorphosed A. talpoideum. We contrast our experimental approach, with its strengths and weaknesses, to previous comparative studies and identify the inherent complexities involved in establishing a causal link between habitat management (clearcutting) and effects on amphibians.
The Effect of Different Irrigation Water Levels on Grain Yield, Yield Components and Some Quality Parameters of Silage Maize ( Zea mays indentata Sturt.)

This research was conducted in Bursa, Marmara region, Turkey, in order to determine grain yield and some morphological traits which affect the silage maize response to different irrigation water amounts. The grainsâ€™ percentage of crude oil and of crude protein were determined. Field experiments were planned following randomized complete block design with three replications and included six irrigation treatments. Irrigation treatments were created as water levels of pan evaporation (E pan ) applied via drip irrigation [1.25 A— E pan (I 125 ), 1.00 A— E pan (I 100 ), 0.75 A— E pan (I 75 ), 0.50 A— E pan (I 50 ), 0.25 A— E pan (I 25 ) and 0 A— E pan (I 0 )]. The highest value of grain yield was found to be 18,268 kg ha -1 in the I 125 treatment, which represents excessive water. A quadratic relationship between grain yield and irrigation water applied was obtained. Deficit irrigation decreased grain yield and yield components except the percentage of crude oil and crude protein of grain, but improved the efficient use of irrigation water. Relationships between the grain yield and each yield component were positively significant. The highest correlation coefficient in the research gave the relationship between grain yield and plant height (r=0.957 ** ). The results revealed that 1.25 A— E pan and 1.00 A— E pan treatments are preferable for higher yield. The results of this study also suggest that if water is limited, the application of 0.75 A— E pan can be recommended as optimal treatment, because the best compromise among yield, yield components, quality and irrigation water use efficiency for maize was achieved with this application.
Interrelationships between the pathways of inorganic nitrogen assimilation in the cyanobacterium Gloeothece can be described using a mechanistic mathematical model.

• A mathematical model is described that simulates the major features of the interactions between different nitrogen (N)-sources in the nonheterocystous diazotrophic cyanobacterium Gloeothece. • The interaction between ammonium and nitrate is related to the intracellular concentration of glutamine (GLN), which in turn is representative of cellular N-status. Development of nitrogenase activity is related to N-limitation but, once developed, continues for as long as there is sufficient glucan (carbon-reserve) in order to support N2 fixation and the assimilation of the resultant ammonium into amino acids. • Nitrogenase activity decreases in response to elevated N-status and also to increased net oxygen evolution, in keeping with biochemical reality. The model describes the diel cycle of C and N2 fixation as seen under alternating 12 h light and 12 h darkness, and also the N2 fixation cycle of about 40 h duration seen in cells cultured in continuous illumination. • This model has the potential to be adapted to describe N2 fixation in heterocystous cyanobacterium and in Trichodesmium.
Comparative analysis of light-stimulated motility responses in three diatom species

Diatoms have long been known to be photosensitive, altering the direction of their movement in response to changes in ambient light conditions detected at the tips of the cells. In order to better understand the light conditions responsible for triggering positive photophobic (out-of-light) and negative photophobic (into-light) responses of diatoms, cells from three species of diatoms, Craticula cuspidata (Kützing) D.G. Mann, Stauroneis phoenicenteron (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg, and Pinnularia viridis (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg, were irradiated at their leading or trailing ends during cell movement. The response times for direction changes when cells were irradiated at various irradiance levels and wavelengths were measured to determine the quality of light responsible for eliciting cell direction changes in each of the three species. All three species displayed strong out-of-light responses at the highest irradiances measured. Craticula cuspidata cells displayed negative photophobic sensitivity (into-light) responses in moderate level blue light, while S. phoenicenteron cells showed into-light responses with low-level red light. Pinnularia viridis cells showed less responsiveness to blue and green light than the other two species, and almost no sensitivity to red light. By re-irradiating cells a second time after a previous leading or trailing end irradiation, we observed a 2–3 fold (leading) or 3–8 fold (trailing) motility repression, caused by the initial light exposures, which lasted for approximately 30–60 sec. Irradiating the cells multiple times, upon each direction change, indicated some degree of habituation to irradiation over time. Multiple consecutive irradiations of the trailing end of diatoms resulted in strong repression of any direction change, with cells continuing to move in the same direction for up to 20 min; this repression became reduced as the interval time between trailing-end irradiations increased. These results suggest that diatoms display species-specific physiological responses to light irradiations that may help them to appropriately respond to ambient light conditions, and better organize and succeed within larger algal or multi-species diatom assemblages.
The IL-15Rα Chain Signals Through Association with Syk in Human B Cells1

The α-chain of the IL-15R (IL-15Rα) serves as the specific, high-affinity receptor for IL-15. It is expressed by lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells, including B cell lymphoma lines. In this study, we have further explored IL-15Rα-mediated signaling in activated primary B cells and in Raji cells, a human B-lymphoblastoid cell line which expresses the IL-15Rα and IL-2Rγ chains, but lacks the IL-2Rβ chain. Stimulation of Raji cells with IL-15 induces their proliferation and rescues them from C2-ceramide-induced apoptosis. By immunoprecipitation and Western blotting, we show that treatment of Raji cells and activated primary B cells with IL-15 induces coprecipitation of Syk kinase with the IL-15Rα chain. Upon association, the activated Syk kinase phosphorylates the IL-15Rα chain as well as phospholipase Cγ, which coprecipitates with Syk. Furthermore, transfection of Raji cells with stem-loop Syk antisense oligonucleotides prevents IL-15Rα and phospholipase Cγ phosphorylation as well as the inhibition of apoptosis by IL-15. Mutation of a defined region of the intracellular signaling portion of IL-15Rα (Tyr227) abrogates both the IL-15Rα/Syk association and IL-15Rα phosphorylation. Taken together, this suggests that Syk kinase physically and functionally associates with the IL-15Rα chain in B cells and that Syk plays a key role in mediating IL-15-induced signal transduction, thus accounting for the distinct functional consequences of IL-15 vs IL-2 binding to B cells.
Effects of CMS types and restorer alleles on plant performance in Plantago lanceolata L.: an indication for cost of restoration

In gynodioecious species, male steriles co‐occur with hermaphrodites. Usually, the male sterile trait is maternally inherited, hence it is called Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS). Nuclear loci restore male fertility in combination with their ‘own’ specific cytoplasmic types. In theory, two fitness components are important for the maintenance of this breeding system: a fitness advantage of the male steriles, and costs of restoration. The costs of restoration are alleged negative pleiotropic effects of restorer alleles.
Synchronous behavior of a rotor-pendulum system

Rotor-pendulum systems are widely applied to aero-power plants, mining screening machineries, parallel robots, and other high-speed rotating equipment. However, the investigation for synchronous behavior (the computation for stable phase difference between the rotors) of a rotor-pendulum system has been reported very little. The synchronous behavior usually affects the performance precision and quality of a mechanical system. Based on the special background, a simplified physical model for a rotor-pendulum system is introduced. The system consists of a rigid vibrating body, a rigid pendulum rod, a horizontal spring, a torsion spring, and two unbalanced rotors. The vibrating body is elastically supported via the horizontal spring. One of unbalanced rotors in the system is directly mounted in the vibrating body, and the other is fixed at the end of the pendulum rod connected with the vibrating body by the torsion spring. In addition, the rotors are actuated with the identical induction motors. In this paper, we investigate the synchronous state of the system based on Poincar method, which further reveals the essential mechanism of synchronization phenomenon of this system. To determine the synchronous state of the system, the following computation technologies are implemented. Firstly, the dynamic equation of the system is derived based on the Lagrange equation with considering the homonymous and reversed rotation of the two rotors, then the equation is converted into a dimensionless equation. Further, the dimensionless equation is decoupled by the Laplace method, and the approximated steady solution and coupling coefficient of each degree of freedom are deduced. Afterwards, the balanced equation and the stability criterion of the system are acquired. Only should the values of physical parameters of the system satisfy the balanced equation and the stability criterion, the rotor-pendulum system can implement the synchronous operation. According to the theoretical computation, we can find that the spring stiffness, the installation title angle of the pendulum rod, and the rotation direction of the rotors have large influences on the existence and stability of the synchronous state in the coupling system. Meanwhile, the critical point of synchronization of the system can lead to no solution of the phase difference between the two rotors, which results in the dynamic characteristics of the system being chaotic. Finally, computer simulations are preformed to verify the correctness of the theoretical computations, and the results of theoretical computation are in accordance with the computer simulations.
Lipid peroxidation and peroxide‐scavenging in soybean seeds during aging

The possible role of lipid peroxidation in seed deterioration was investigated during natural aging and accelerated aging of seeds of edible soybean (Glycine max [L], Merr. cv. Kaohsiung Selection No. 1). Natural aging was achieved by sealing the seeds in aluminum foil bags coated with polyethylene and storing the seeds at room temperature for 3 to 12 months. Accelerated aging was obtained by incubating the seeds at 45°C and close to 100% relative humidity for 3 to 12 days, after which the seeds were air dried to their original moisture level (8%). The results indicate that both natural and accelerated aging enhanced lipid peroxidation, as germination was depressed. Aging also inhibited the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase. The changes in germination and physiological activities, expressed as a function of aging duration, were somewhat similar in the two aging treatments.
Immunoreactive Histatin 5 in Salivary Gland Tumors.

Histatin is a group of histidine-rich polypeptides specific to parotid and submandibular gland secretions with several different biological functions such as stabilization of mineral-solute interaction in oral fluid, and antibacterial and antifungal actions. The authors generated polyclonal antibody to histatin by using purified histatin 5 as an immunogen and assayed the immunoreactivity by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting. The antibody was further used to localize histatin in normal and tumors of salivary glans, pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin's tumor, adenoid cystic, acinic cell, mucoepidermoid, papillary cystadenocarcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma by immunohistochemical methods. The normal major and minor human salivary glands showed an intense immunoreactivity in ductal cells, trace immunoreactivity in serous acini and no immunoreactivity in mucous acinar cells, suggesting histatin in mainly produced by ductal cells and to a lesser extent by serous cells. A consistent immunoreactivity of histatin in ductal segments of normal glands and a variable expression in the tumor cells of all the neoplastic lesions examined may implicate a role of this polypeptide in normal salivary gland function and salivary tumors. In addition, the findings may implicate common precursor cells, however, differing in the state of differentiation in normal and neoplastic conditions.
Determinação dos valores energéticos de alguns óleos e gorduras para pintos de corte machos e fêmeas aos 21 dias de idade

One bioassay was carried out using 21-to32-day old broilers chicks to determine the values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of crude soybean oil, corn oil, canola oil, avian fat, coconut fat, swine lard, beef tallow, crude soybean oil + coconut fat and crude soybean oil + beef tallow, both latter in 1:1 proportion. The method of total excreta collection was used for the trials, which lasted 10 days each: the first five days for adaptation and the five remaining days for excreta collection. In the assay, difference was observed among the treatments and between the sexes, with the AMEn values obtained for the females accounting for 98% of the AMEn values obtained for the males, on average. The interaction feed x sex showed no difference. The mean values of AMEn observed for broilers chicks for crude soybean oil, corn oil, canola oil, avian fat, coconut fat, swine lard, beef tallow, crude soybean oil + coconut fat and crude soybean oil + beef tallow, 1:1, were, respectively: 8,273, 8,582, 8,681, 8,511, 7,487, 7,536, 7,227, 8,029 and 8,171 kcal/kg as fed.