Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Joint Effects of Vegetation Characteristics and Soil Properties on Ecosystem Dynamics in a Panama Tropical Forest

In tropical forests, both vegetation characteristics and soil properties are important not only for controlling energy, water, and gas exchanges directly but also determining the competition among species, successional dynamics, forest structure and composition. However, the joint effects of the two factors have received limited attention in Earth system model development. Here we use a vegetation demographic model, the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES) implemented in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Land Model (ELM), ELM‐FATES, to explore how plant traits and soil properties affect tropical forest growth and composition concurrently. A large ensemble of simulations with perturbed vegetation and soil hydrological parameters is conducted at the Barro Colorado Island, Panama. The simulations are compared against observed carbon, energy, and water fluxes. We find that soil hydrological parameters, particularly the scaling exponent of the soil retention curve (Bsw), play crucial roles in controlling forest diversity, with higher Bsw values (>7) favoring late successional species in competition, and lower Bsw values (1 ∼ 7) promoting the coexistence of early and late successional plants. Considering the additional impact of soil properties resolves a systematic bias of FATES in simulating sensible/latent heat partitioning with repercussion on water budget and plant coexistence. A greater fraction of deeper tree roots can help maintain the dry‐season soil moisture and plant gas exchange. As soil properties are as important as vegetation parameters in predicting tropical forest dynamics, more efforts are needed to improve parameterizations of soil functions and belowground processes and their interactions with aboveground vegetation dynamics.
Current equalization in SPWM FACTS controllers at lowest switching rates

This paper shows that sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) FACTS controllers can be synthesized by employing "phase shifted triangle carrier technique" to multiconverters at a switching rate of only 3 pulses. The options of parallel, series and series/parallel module connections are examined for current equalization. The paper presents simulation and experimental results.
Stock Returns, Value Decomposition and Macro Variables

The aim of this paper is to refine our understanding of the relationship between macroeconomic risk and the value premium. Specifically, we investigate the impact of the macro effect on the fundamental multiples which results from the market-to-book decomposition of Rhodes-Kropf Robinson (2005), and Viswanathan (2005). We find that 10 Year Treasury yield and the slope of Term Structure have a significant impact on several fundamental multiples with a consequential effect on the estimate of firm intrinsic value. Our empirical setup allows us to estimate market-to-book components by using firm fundamental values which are orthogonal to the effects of macroeconomic uncertainty. Our key result is that when we remove the effect of investor’s expectations on the economic scenario the value premium rewards, almost entirely, the size risk. Adjusting for the size exposure, orthogonal accounting multiples remove the macro effect reducing the excess return of
Summary Several groups of virgin female cesarean-originated, barrier sustained Charles River CD rats were observed for incidence of mammary tumors over their life-span. Maximum life-span

Several groups of virgin female cesarean-originated, barrier sustained Charles River CD rats were observed for incidence of mammary tumors over their life-span. Maximum life-span ranged from 885 to 1040 days. Crude MT3 incidence for all groups was 61 . 7 %. When a life table method was used to correct for extraneous deaths, the mean MT incidence for all groups was 71 . 5 Â± 5.7 %. The age at onset of the median MT was 671 Â±41 days. Cumulative MT incidence agreed closely among control groups early and late in life, with a greater variability appearing from the 500th to the 850th day of age. In normally aging rats there were at least 2 age-related changes leading to abrupt increases in the rate of development of MT one occurring at about the 500th and the other at about the 660th day of life. Both total MT incidence and MT incidence rate were the same for uniparous rats as for virgin controls. Thyroidectomy did not reduce the life-span incidence of MT, but did postpone slightly those MT's arising late in life. Ovariectomy nearby eliminated MT development; only 6.7 % of ovariectomized rats developed MT over a maximum life-span of 1295 days. No MT developed in adrenalectomized-ovariectomized rats although they lived long enough (maximum life-span 1110 days) to have permitted observation of late-appearing MT's. The proportion of MT's diagnosed as carcinomas in the individual control groups was highly variable, 18.6 Â± 12.1% In these studies carcinomas did not appear to arise earlier than benign fibroadenomata. Other superficial tumors arising in tissues different from the breast are tabulated. The results of these studies are compared with those from other laboratories using the same or a related strain of rat. The relationships between development of spontaneous MT and the age-related changes in the ovary and pituitary gland are dis cussed.
Virtual power plant and system integration of distributed energy resources

A concept is presented along with the overarching structure of the virtual power plant (VPP), the primary vehicle for delivering cost efficient integration of distributed energy resources (DER) into the existing power systems. The growing pressure, primarily driven by environmental concerns, for generating more electricity from renewables and improving energy efficiency have promoted the application of DER into electricity systems. So far, DER have been used to displace energy from conventional generating plants but not to displace their capacity as they are not visible to system operators. If this continues, this will lead to problematic over-capacity issues and under-utilisation of the assets, reduce overall system efficiency and eventually increase the electricity cost that needs to be paid by society. The concept of VPP was developed to enhance the visibility and control of DER to system operators and other market actors by providing an appropriate interface between these system components. The technical and commercial functionality facilitated through the VPP are described and concludes with case studies demonstrating the benefit of aggregation (VPP concept) and the use of the optimal power flow algorithm to characterise VPP
New insights confirming the presence of Myriostoma coliforme in Italy

The genus Myriostoma, until recently regarded as monotypic, is nowadays considered to be a polytypic genus, in which six species with a distinct geographic distribution have been distinguished. Myriostoma coliforme has been demonstrated to be restricted to the Holarctic realm. The main objective of the present study is to identify new finds from Umbria and Tuscany. Based on both macroand micro-morphological features they were identified to be M. coliforme s. str. , which was also confirmed by molecular analysis (ITS nrDNA). Thanks to this investigation this rather rare saprotroph has shown to be present at a few sites and seems to be extinct at some others. A continuing decrease in the already small total population size is foreseen. An assessment at the regional level proposes the IUCN category Near Threatened.
Cardinality of regular spaces admitting only constant continuous functions

We show that an infinite cardinal number κ is the cardinality of some connected regular topological space X if and only if κ ≥ ω1; such X can be separable if and only if ω1 ≤ κ≤ 2; X can be both first countable and separable if and only if ω1 ≤ κ≤ c; and X can be first countable if and only if κ≥ω1. The main tools used in our investigation come from the analysis of several popular constructions of a regular topological space which is not completely regular. In particular, this work contains a concise and self-contained presentation of the examples of Mysior [My], Thomas [Th], and those that can be constructed by the, so called, Jones’ counterexample machine [Jo] (compare [Ru, pp. 27-28]). Our exposition is based on extracting a common core of these constructions. We describe one of the simplest examples of a regular space which is not completely regular. It is of the first uncountable cardinality ω1. We show that this example can be modified, by a variation of a construction of Herrlich [He], to a regular space Y of the same cardinality such that any continuous function from Y into any Hausdorff space Z with a countable pseudo-character is constant. Since this includes the case of Z = [0,1], Y is connected and not completely regular. Such space Y can be separable. Moreover, if we are interested only in Z = R, then Y can be also first countable.
Longitudinal network model of the co-development of temperament, executive functioning, and psychopathology symptoms in youth with and without ADHD

Abstract Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, chronic, and impairing disorder, yet presentations of ADHD and clinical course are highly heterogeneous. Despite substantial research efforts, both (a) the secondary co-occurrence of ADHD and complicating additional clinical problems and (b) the developmental pathways leading toward or away from recovery through adolescence remain poorly understood. Resolving these requires accounting for transactional influences of a large number of features across development. Here, we applied a longitudinal cross-lagged panel network model to a multimodal, multilevel dataset in a well-characterized sample of 488 children (nADHD = 296) to test Research Domain Criteria initiative-inspired hypotheses about transdiagnostic risk. Network features included Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders symptoms, trait-based ratings of emotional functioning (temperament), and performance-based measures of cognition. Results confirmed that ADHD symptom domains, temperamental irritability, and working memory are independent transdiagnostic risk factors for psychopathology based on their direct associations with other features across time. ADHD symptoms and working memory each had direct, independent associations with depression. Results also demonstrated tightly linked co-development of ADHD symptoms and temperamental irritability, consistent with the possibility that this type of anger dysregulation is a core feature that is co-expressed as part of the ADHD phenotype for some children.
Economic value of recreational fishing in Moreton Bay and the impact of the marine park rezoning: a data-limited analysis

In 2009, the area protected from fishing in the Moreton Bay Marine Park was increased from 3 per cent to 16 per cent. In addition, a considerably greater area was excluded from commercial fishing (particularly trawling) but still made available to recreational fishing. During the planning process, considerable opposition by commercial and recreational fishers alike to the rezoning was raised arguing substantial loss in economic benefits. The commercial sector was compensated through a buyback of fishing effort, but the recreational sector received no compensation. A series of studies were undertaken to determine the effects of the marine park rezoning on biodiversity and human activity – particularly recreational fishing use, although an economic analysis was not funded as part of this mix. However, a limited number of indirect economic questions were able to be included in one study, from which travel costs and socioeconomic characteristics of the fishers could be derived. In this paper, we develop a travel cost model using the very limited data available to estimate the economic costs or benefits to the recreational sector from the marine park rezoning. The results suggest that the benefits are likely to be positive but not substantial.
Morpho-cultural and pathogenic variability in Macrophomina phaseolina isolates from soybean

Fifteen isolates of M. phaseolina were characterized for cultural and morphological characteristics on PDA medium. Two fast growing isolates, seven medium growing isolates and six very slow growing isolates. The hyphal width of isolates was categorized in three groups. First group comprised of eight isolates with hyphal width ranging between 5-6 μm, second group 6-7 μm and third group more than 7 μm. Mycelial growth pattern observed in isolates were fluffy, partial submerged, submerged, and irregular, whereas the colony colour found to be dark black, greyish and light greyish in appearance. Pathogenic variability revealed that, all the isolates were found to be pathogenic and diverse. Aggressiveness study through in vitro blotter paper technique and cut stem inoculation technique exposed that variation exists within the isolates.
Information, Elections and Public Policy in a Rational Choice Perspective

Does the availability and quality of political information affect election outcomes and, ultimately, public policy? The answer to this question depends on the answers we provide to a number of related questions. How do elections relate to public policy making? Do citizens acquire and process political information for voting? Does information affect voting behaviour? Even if it does, is this enough to change election outcomes? Political scientists and, more recently, economists, have provided a number of tools and models to explore possible answers to these questions. This paper surveys some of this literature and the related, limited, empirical evidence. We conclude that there are many good reasons to expect an influence of political information on public policies and that future efforts should devote more attention to empirical research and data collection. * I am grateful to Paul Schweinzer and Cristiana Vitale for useful comments and suggestions. All errors are mine. ** Address for correspondence: London School of Economics, Department of Government, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom, Tel. +44 (0) 20 7955 6692. Fax. +44 (0) 20 7831 1707. E-mail: V.Larcinese@lse.ac. uk.
The Effectiveness of Futures-based Foreign Exchange Intervention: Comparative Studies of Brazil and India

This paper examines the effectiveness of futures-based foreign exchange (FX) intervention in determining the exchange rate dynamics and exchange rate pass-through effect. We specifically compare the case of Brazil and India to evaluate and take a lesson learned from those countries’ policy designs and outcomes in utilizing the futures-based FX intervention. By utilizing autoregressive and distributed lag estimations, our empirical results show that the futures-based FX interventions in Brazil are effective in determining the exchange rate movement and reducing exchange rate pass-through, while the futures-based intervention in India is neutral. The results are also confirmed in the robustness checks estimations. The finding implies that the effectiveness of futures-based FX intervention is related to the economic-institutional aspects within these countries, which also suggests that an effective futures-based FX intervention occurs only under specific circumstances.
Modeling and analyzing concurrent processes for project performance improvement

• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Pollination Patterns by Green-Backed Firecrown Hummingbirds

The Green-backed Firecrown is the only hummingbird species found throughout the temperate rainforests of southern South America and is among the region’s most important pollinators. A diverse assemblage of the region’s flora appears to rely on the Green-backed Firecrown for pollination, which makes the firecrown vital for ecosystem function. However, relatively little is known of firecrown ecology. We examined the foraging patterns of Green-backed Firecrowns of various ages and both sexes, using pollen samples taken from birds in southern Chile. We hypothesized that males and females would carry distinct pollen communities (sets of pollen morphospecies) and would differ in the number of pollen morphospecies carried. We found a clear difference between pollen communities carried by hummingbirds in summer and winter, but little differentiation by age and sex. We also found that females, on average, carried more pollen morphospecies than do males, and juveniles carried more morphospecies than do adults. All Green-backed Firecrowns carried significantly higher numbers of pollen grains in summer than in winter. Our results show intriguing differences in foraging behavior and pollination roles across ages and between sexes, which support anecdotal observations that adult males are territorialists while females and juveniles forage opportunistically. Since Green-backed Firecrowns are the only hummingbird species throughout most of their range, sexually divergent foraging patterns suggest that males and females may fill the ecological roles of different species. Our results add to the field’s understanding of the foraging patterns of Green-backed Firecrowns and help us better appreciate the complexity of its ecological role.
Correlation between Bioelectric Impedance Analysis-Measured Body Fat, Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients

Estimation of fat using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is thought to be a more predictive measure of cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment than body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC). Percent body fat as measured using BIA (BIA-BF%) is independently associated with future cardiovascular events namely acute myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease. This study is conducted to determine the correlation between body fat which consists of BIA-BF%, percentage of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral fat level (Visceral Adipose Tissue/VAT) measured using BIA device, BMI and WC with CV risk factors (blood pressure, blood glucose level, LDL, HDL, TG, total cholesterol, HbA1c and serum fibrinogen) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Material and Methods : This study used a cross-sectional correlation analysis. Sample was 70 ACS patients that match with inclusion criteria. Results : We found significant correlations between BIA-BF% with diastolic blood pressure, TG, and total cholesterol (r = 0.246, r = 0.250, r = 0.348 respectively; p <0.05). There was a significant correlation between VAT with diastolic blood pressure, LDL, TG, total cholesterol, HbA1c, and fibrinogen (r = 0.299, r = 0.306, r = 0.278, r = 0.265, r = 0.292, r = 0.330 respectively, p <0.05). There was a significant correlation between the percentage SAT and HDL levels (r = 0.318; p <0.05). We found no correlation between BMI and WC with blood pressure, LDL, HDL, TG, blood glucose, HbA1c and fibrinogen levels in ACS patients. Conclusion: VAT and BIA-BF% correlate with several cardiovascular risk factors better than BMI and WC. Body fat examination using BIA may be done to manage risk factors in ACS patients. Original Research Correlation between Bioelectric Impedance Analysis-Measured Body Fat, Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Imam Mahbub Zam Zami1, Budi Susetyo Pikir1 Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga.
Carrier-density modulation effects in a traveling-wave semiconductor optical amplifier: communications theory analysis and experiment

A communications theory equivalent model suitable for analyzing carrier-density modulation effects within a traveling-wave semiconductor optical amplifier is derived by linearizing the amplifier rate equation. This model is used to analyze dual-channel amplification, and it is shown to give results which are in good agreement with those given by nonlinear polarization theory and experimental measurements. The effect of four-wave mixing on the amplification of many optical channels for worst-case operating conditions is studied, and it is shown that the individual channels experience different gains. It is also shown that if the individual channel gains are to be confined to lie within a +or-1-dB band when operating the amplifier at high values of unsaturated power gain. >
Teachers Attitude towards Teacher Performance Appraisal policy to Public Secondary School s’ Academic Achievement in Homa Bay County, Kenya

This study examined the attitude of teachers towards implementation of Teacher performance appraisal in public secondary schools in Homabay county, Kenya. Teacher performance appraisal was introduced in Kenyan public schools in January 2016 by the Teachers Service Commission, and all teachers were expected to comply and send ratings online to the TSC; however, this was opposed by teachers’ unions, making the implementation to be suspended temporarily until May 2016. The specific objective of this study was to determine teachers’ attitude towards teacher performance appraisal in Homa Bay County. This study employed descriptive survey design. The study adopted McGregor Theory X and Y developed by Douglas McGregor in 1960 and also Goal-Setting Theory postulated by Latham and Lock in 1970. This study targeted 235 principals, 940 HoDs, 676 teachers and 8 Sub County Quality Assurance and Standards Officers. The sample ratio of 30% was used to select principals to be included in the study; while, Yamane Taro (1967) formula of sample determination was used to select 399 HoDs and 245, and all the 8 SCQASOs were included in the study. Therefore, a total of 729 respondents took part in the study. Stratified sampling was used to ensure adequate representation of the 4 categories of respondents: principals, HoDs, teachers and SCQASOs. Purposive sampling was used to select principals and simple random sampling was employed to select HoDs and teachers for the study. Saturated sampling was also used to select all the 8 SCQASOs in the study. Questionnaires, interview guides and document analysis guides were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, means, and percentages and presented in tables. Inferential statistics was also used to draw inferences and make conclusions. Qualitative data were analyzed qualitatively by tape recording and note-taking then grouped according to emerging themes and reported verbatim. The findings of this study revealed that teachers in public secondary schools in Homa Bay County had negative attitude towards teacher performance appraisal. Based on the findings of the study, the study recommends that teachers should trained in order that they may understand teacher performance appraisal, besides they should be involved in the design of the teacher performance appraisal tool to make them have positive attitude towards teacher performance appraisal.
Tiny ImageNet Challenge

In this project we classify the images in the Tiny Ima-geNet dataset. We use residual networks on GPU using Py-Torch. We ﬁrst train a residual network from scratch, exploring the effect of different weight initialization and activation function during the training process. We then attempt to increase the validation and test accuracy starting from a pre-trained model. We use ResNet-18 to achieve 31 . 6% test error on the evaluation server.