Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
b-Hydroxy-b-methylbutyrate free acid reduces markers of exercise-induced muscle damage and improves recovery in resistance-trained men

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of short-term supplementation with the free acid form of b-hydroxyb-methylbutyrate (HMB-FA) on indices of muscle damage, protein breakdown, recovery and hormone status following a high-volume resistance training session in trained athletes. A total of twenty resistance-trained males were recruited to participate in a high-volume resistance training session centred on full squats, bench presses and dead lifts. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either 3 g/d of HMB-FA or a placebo. Immediately before the exercise session and 48h post-exercise, serum creatine kinase (CK), urinary 3-methylhistadine (3-MH), testosterone, cortisol and perceived recovery status (PRS) scale measurements were taken. The results showed that CK increased to a greater extent in the placebo (329%) than in the HMB-FA group (104%) (P1⁄40·004, d 1⁄4 1·6). There was also a significant change for PRS, which decreased to a greater extent in the placebo (9·1 (SEM 0·4) to 4·6 (SEM 0·5)) than in the HMB-FA group (9·1 (SEM 0·3) to 6·3 (SEM 0·3)) (P1⁄40·005, d 1⁄4 20·48). Muscle protein breakdown, measured by 3-MH analysis, numerically decreased with HMB-FA supplementation and approached significance (P1⁄40·08, d 1⁄4 0·12). There were no acute changes in plasma total or free testosterone, cortisol or C-reactive protein. In conclusion, these results suggest that an HMB-FA supplement given to trained athletes before exercise can blunt increases in muscle damage and prevent declines in perceived readiness to train following a high-volume, muscle-damaging resistance-training session.
How institutions matter : analysis of restructuring the employment system in South Korea

The purpose of this study is to examine the transformation of the Korean employment system since 1980. The common themes in the study of the comparative political economy of capitalist states deal with the restructuring of the democratic nation-state, the liberalisation of national economies, and the concurrent globalisation of markets and of the political institutions that regulate them. To address these issues, this study explores, on the one hand, the overhauling of Korea’s labour laws in the direction of greater labour flexibility, the changes in collective labour relations, and the policy innovations on labour protection, and on the other, the transformation in Korea’s traditional rule-making process to include both the government and social groups, the restructuring of industrial relations (particularly as regards changes to the supply chain structure), and the embedded role of the state and labour practices in workplaces. Between 1997 and 1999, the trajectory of the Korean employment system experienced a critical juncture. The study therefore investigates the major labour policy reforms in this period in order to explain the transformation of the employment system and to situate the institutional outcomes within a formal conceptual setting, thereby contributing to the debate on the transformation of the Korean developmental welfare state. In so doing, this study argues that the Korean developmental welfare state has remodelled itself with the tradition of state intervention and investment, which has followed a self-reinforcing path in the employment system. Over the past two decades, the state’s interventionism in conjunction with the shifting role and responsibilities of elite bureaucrats on the one hand, and the developmental principle of policy reform involving a catching-up strategy for welfare development, on the other hand, appear as major factors in the Korean developmental welfare state’s transformation. It should be noted that labour had little impact on this development due to the fact that corporatism had not been embedded in Korean society to any great degree. With the result, although the institutional arrangements for worker protection in the labour market are characteristic of a flexicurity model – where workers are compensated, trained, and motivated to become re-employed in a highly mobile labour market, the model might appear to be in its infancy and to be in the path of reinforcing the labour market dualism and inequality.
Airborne Gravity Gradiometry in the Search for Mineral Deposits

Operational gravity gradiometers were developed by Bell Aerospace (now Lockheed Martin) for a variety of applications during the 1980s. A development project between BHP (now BHP Billiton) and Lockheed Martin led to the development of a new gravity gradiometer based on what was then Lockheed’s most advanced technology. This is the simply named Airborne Gravity Gradiometer (AGG). In October 1999 at the Bathurst Camp, New Brunswick, Sander Geophysics flew the world’s first airborne gravity gradiometer survey for BHP Billiton. In the eight years since that first survey, the number of operating gravity gradiometer systems has grown. Some of the applications have been for oil and gas and some of these in marine rather than airborne surveys but most of the airborne surveys have been in mineral exploration. Airborne gravity gradiometers have been of considerable value in both direct detection and in geological mapping for a large variety of mineral commodities and deposit styles. Diamonds have been the biggest single target with numerous kimberlites directly detected at Ekati, including the previously unknown diamondiferous Impala pipe. The diamondiferous Abner pipe in Australia and the Daniel diamond-bearing palaeochannel. draining the Finsch mine are also airborne gravity gradiometer discoveries. Airborne gravity gradiometry has proved useful in the search for coal, base metals in iron-oxidecopper-gold deposits, porphyries, Broken-Hill type deposits and volcanogenic massive sulphides, iron in massive haematite, nickel sulphides and gold. There have also been useful applications in the search for oil and gas. The Santo Domingo Sur copper deposit in Chile is the most advanced project that is a gravity gradiometer discovery.
Regulatory Cycles: Revisiting the Political Economy of Financial Crises

Financial crises are usually perceived and analyzed as purely economic phenomena. The political economy of financial booms and busts, while far from ignored, remains under-emphasized and has mostly been analyzed in isolated episodes. The recent wave of financial crises has brought unprecedented attention to financial regulatory policy; yet the policy discussions and economic literature, which are usually cast in technical terms, tend to overlook political forces that shape regulations and impact their effectiveness over time. The narrative usually revolves around the fact that financial innovations are ahead of regulators. This paper examines the political economy of financial policy during some of the most infamous financial booms and busts and finds consistent evidence of pro-cyclical policies by governments. Financial booms, and risk-taking during these episodes, were often amplified, if not ignited, by political regulatory stimuli and interventions. The bust has always resulted in an overhaul of the regulatory and supervisory framework and a political turnover. The interplay between politics and financial policy over these cycles, and their institutional underpinnings, deserve further attention. History suggests that politics can be the undoing of macro-prudential regulations.
Inertia–gravity waves generated by near balanced flow in 2-layer shallow water turbulence on the β-plane

Using a fine resolution numerical model (40002 ×2 grid-points) of the two-layer shallow-water equations of the mid-latitude -plane dynamics, it is shown that there is no sudden breakdown of balance in the turbulent enstrophy cascade but a faint and continuous emission of inertia-gravity waves. The wave energy accumulates in the equator-ward region of the domain due to the Coriolis parameter depending on the latitude and dispersion relation of inertia-gravity waves.
The nonlinear coupling of electromagnetic ion cyclotron and lower hybrid waves in the ring current region: the magnetic storm 1-7May 1998

The excitation of lower hybrid waves (LHWs) is a widely discussed mechanism of interaction between plasma species in space, and is one of the unresolved questions of magnetospheric multi-ion plasmas. In this paper we present the morphology, dynamics, and level of LHW activity gener- ated by electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves during the 2-7 May 1998 storm period on the global scale. The LHWs were calculated based on a newly developed self- consistent model (Khazanov et. al., 2002) that couples the system of two kinetic equations: one equation describes the ring current (RC) ion dynamic, and another equation de- scribes the evolution of EMIC waves. It is found that the LHWs are excited by helium ions due to their mass depen- dent drift in the electric field of EMIC waves. The level of LHW activity is calculated assuming that the induced scat- tering process is the main saturation mechanism for these waves. The calculated LHWs electric fields are consistent with the observational data.
Head-on collision of two solitary waves and residual falling jet formation

The head-on collision of two equal and two un- equal steep solitary waves is investigated numerically. The former case is equivalent to the reflection of one solitary wave by a vertical wall when viscosity is neglected. We have performed a series of numerical simulations based on a Boundary Integral Equation Method (BIEM) on finite depth to investigate during the collision the maximum runup, phase shift, wall residence time and acceleration field for arbitrary values of the non-linearity parameter a/h, where a is the amplitude of initial solitary waves and h the constant water depth. The initial solitary waves are calculated numerically from the fully nonlinear equations. The present work extends previous results on the runup and wall residence time calcu- lation to the collision of very steep counter propagating soli- tary waves. Furthermore, a new phenomenon corresponding to the occurrence of a residual jet is found for wave ampli- tudes larger than a threshold value.
Instrumental calculation, cognitive role-playing, or both? Self-perceptions of seconded national experts in the European Commission

Most work studying micro-processes of integration – i.e., how agents develop identities and decision-making behaviours within a particular institution – offers explanations based on either instrumental rationality or socialization. This article proposes a two-dimensional framework that allows analysing under which conditions both logics of social action co-exist. Our empirical analysis employs a unique dataset from a 2011 survey of all 1,098 currently active Seconded National Experts (SNEs) in the European Commission. We find that (1) instrumental cost–benefit calculation and cognitive role-playing (as semi-reflexive socialization) often simultaneously influence SNEs' (perceptions of their) behaviour, and (2) this joint presence of both logics of social action depends on certain scope conditions (i.e., SNEs' education, length of prior embeddedness and noviceness).
Election Cycles in MPs' outside Interests? The UK House of Commons, 2005–2010

Politicians often implement popular changes in public policies prior to elections, with the aim of improving their Election Day outcome. This research note evaluates whether such ‘electioneering’ carries over also into politicians' extra-parliamentary activities. Evidence from the UK House of Commons over the period 2005–10 suggests that adjustments do occur in MPs' outside activities over the election cycle. The safety of the politician's seat and his or her decision to stand for re-election play an important mediating role.
Ambiguity resolution in incremental parsing of natural language

Incremental parsing gains its importance in natural language processing and psycholinguistics because of its cognitive plausibility. Modeling the associated structures is believed to help a better understanding of the human parser. In earlier work we have introduced a recursive neural network capable of performing syntactic ambiguity resolution in incremental parsing. In this paper we report a systematic analysis of the behavior of the network that allows to gain important insights about the kind of information that is exploited to resolve different forms of ambiguity. In particular, we found that learning from examples allows to predict the location of the attachment point with high accuracy, while the discrimination amongst alternative syntactic structures with the same anchor point is slightly better than making a decision purely based on frequencies. We also introduce several new ideas to enhance the architectural design, obtaining significant improvements of prediction accuracy, up to 25% error reductuib on the same dataset used in previous work. Finally we report large scale experiments on the entire Wall Street Journal section of the Penn Treebank. The best prediction accuracy of the model on this large dataset is 87.6%, an error reduction larger than 50% compared to previous results. I. I NTRODUCTION The incremental strategy is a largely accepted hypothesis about the human mechanism of language processing. Under this model, processing proceeds from left to right, and each input word is assigned a structural position as it is being read [1]. The incrementality hypothesis is supported by several experimental studies that demonstrate how humans are able to assign a meaning to “almost any” initial (left) fragment of a sentence [2], that is, they are capable to anticipate syntactic and semantic decisions before reaching the end of the sentence [3], [4], [5]. In particular, under the strong incrementalityframework (assumed in this paper), humans maintain a totally connected parse while scanning the input words from left to right, with no input stored in a disconnected state [6]. Although well accepted in the psycholinguistic community, incremental processing has received relatively modest attention in the computational linguistic community. In this direction, Roark & Johnson [7] have proposed a top-down left-corner probabilistic parser that uses a probabilistic best-first strategy and a beamsearch heuristic to avoid the non termination problems typical of top-down predictive parsers. Their parser proceeds incrementally from left to right, with one item of look-ahead, and maintains a fully connected tree spanning the left context which they use to extract non-local dependency information. With regards to connectionist architectures, Lane & Henderson[8] have proposed Simple Synchrony Networks and applied
Utilization of a silkworm model for understanding host-pathogen interactions

Studies of the interactions between humans and pathogenic microorganisms require adequate representative animal infection models. Further, the availability of invertebrate models overcomes the ethical and financial issues of studying vertebrate materials. Insects have an innate immune system that is conserved in mammals. The recent utilization of silkworms as an animal infection model led to the identification of novel virulence genes of human pathogenic microorganisms and novel innate immune factors in the silkworm. The silkworm infection model is effective for identifying and evaluating novel factors involved in host-pathogen interactions.
Induction of the Nuclear Proto-Oncogene c-fos by the Phorbol Ester TPA and c-H-Ras

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Coherence Ordering for Ring-based Chip Multiprocessors

Ring interconnects may be an attractive solution for future chip multiprocessors because they can enable faster links than buses and simpler switches than arbitrary switched interconnects. Moreover, a ring naturally orders requests sufficiently to enable directory-less coherence, but not in the total order that buses provide for snooping coherence. Existing cache coherence protocols for rings either establish a (total) ordering point (ORDERING-POINT) or use a greedy order (GREEDY-ORDER) with unbounded retries. In this work, we propose a new class of ring protocols, RING-ORDER, in which requests complete in ring position order to achieve two benefits. First, RING-ORDER improves performance relative to ORDERING-POINT by activating requests immediately instead of waiting for them to reach the ordering point. Second, it improves performance stability relative to GREEDY-ORDER by not using retries. Thus, the new RING-ORDER combines the best of ORDERING-POINT (good performance stability) with the best of GREEDY-ORDER (good average performance)
Understanding User Reactions and Interactions With an Internet-Based Intervention for Tinnitus Self-Management: Mixed-Methods Process Evaluation Protocol

Background Tinnitus is a common medical symptom that can affect an individual’s emotional and functional quality of life. Psychological therapies are acknowledged as beneficial to people with tinnitus; however, such therapies are not always readily accessible. With their global reach, automated Internet-based interventions have the potential to reduce the disparity in access to psychological support that people with tinnitus currently experience. However, the evidence on the acceptability and efficacy of these interventions is lacking. Process evaluations that develop an in-depth understanding of how users experience these interventions provide an essential first step when evaluating complex psychological interventions. Objective To describe the protocol for a study that will explore past, current, and new users’ reactions to and interactions with the Tinnitus E-Programme, an Internet-based intervention for the self-management of tinnitus. Methods Two parallel mixed-methods studies will be carried out with 2 different populations. Study 1 will use an online survey to gather past and current users’ views of the program. Study 2 will recruit new program users to take part in an interview and complete a relaxation log to explore how well they were able to implement the skills they learned during the program in their everyday lives. The findings from both studies will be triangulated to develop an in-depth understanding of the program’s mechanisms of impact and identify any implementation or contextual factors that strengthen or impede its delivery and functioning. Results Study 1 is open for recruitment with a projected completion in June 2016 and Study 2 was completed November 2015. At the time of submission, 36 participants have been recruited to Study 1 and 12 participants have taken part in Study 2. Conclusions Findings will inform the optimization of the Tinnitus E-Programme and guide future evaluation work to assess the program’s effectiveness as a therapy for people with tinnitus.
Physarum KISS: An innovative algorithm for the preliminary analysis of multi-gravity assist interplanetary trajectories

Multi-gravity assist (MGA) trajectories are used in space engineering for reducing the cost (propellant and time of flight) of interplanetary missions by using the gravitational field of celestial bodies. The probes Mariner 10 (mission to Mercury, launched by NASA on 1973), Voyager 1 (furthest human-made object, NASA, 1977), MESSENGER (mission to Mercury, NASA, 2004) and Cassini (mission to Saturn, NASA-ESA, 1997) are examples. Making use of gravity assist manoeuvres around planets, the velocity vector of the spacecraft relative to the Sun changes during a passage in proximity of the planet, while the velocity vector relative to the planet is rotated (no change in module). The problem of finding the sequence of planets (including resonances, i.e. multiple passages in proximity of the same planet) that guarantees the best transfer to a target space object is a fascinating problem in combinatorics and discrete optimisation. The computational complexity is NP-hard [1]. In this work, a simple and innovative bio-inspired multidirectional algorithm for preliminary analysis of multiple gravity assist planets' sequences is introduced and compared to a branch & cut algorithm.
Advances in Targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Pathway by Synthetic Products and Its Regulation by Epigenetic Modulators as a Therapy for Glioblastoma

Glioma is the most common primary tumor of the nervous system, and approximately 50% of patients exhibit the most aggressive form of the cancer, glioblastoma. The biological function of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in tumorigenesis and progression has been established in various types of cancers, since it is overexpressed, mutated, or dysregulated. Its overexpression has been shown to be associated with enhanced metastatic potential in glioblastoma, with EGFR at the top of a downstream signaling cascade that controls basic functional properties of glioblastoma cells such as survival, cell proliferation, and migration. Thus, EGFR is considered as an important therapeutic target in glioblastoma. Many anti-EGFR therapies have been investigated both in vivo and in vitro, making their way to clinical studies. However, in clinical trials, the potential efficacy of anti-EGFR therapies is low, primarily because of chemoresistance. Currently, a range of epigenetic drugs including histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, DNA methylation and histone inhibitors, microRNA, and different types of EGFR inhibitor molecules are being actively investigated in glioblastoma patients as therapeutic strategies. Here, we describe recent knowledge on the signaling pathways mediated by EGFR/EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII) with regard to current therapeutic strategies to target EGFR/EGFRvIII amplified glioblastoma.
The value of cytoreductive nephrectomy on the survival of metastatic renal carcinoma patients based on the number of site-specific metastases

Background There has been significant uncertainty in the selection of candidates for cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). This report investigates the influence of site-specific metastases (bone, brain, liver, and lung) on the survival benefit of CN. Methods Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database (2010–2014), 1113 mRCC patients treated with CN (n = 618) or no surgery (NS, n = 495) met the selection criteria. 168 pairs of patients using propensity scores were matched to balance the selection bias of undergoing CN. Multivariable competing risks regression analysis was used to calculate cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and overall survival (OS). Cases were subdivided to investigate the advantages of each procedure. Results Before or after matching, CN led to better OS and lower CSM in Kaplan-Meier analysis. In matched cohort, decreased CSM after CN compared to without CN were consistently found in most subgroups stratified by age, T stage, and patients with ≤2 site-specific metastases. However, patients with ≥ 3 site-specific metastases, or patients with ≥cT3 stage combined with ≥ 2 site-specific metastases were not benefit from the cytoreductive nephrectomy. Conclusions The potential benefit of CN disappeared in patients with ≥ 3 site-specific metastases, or patients with ≥cT3 combined with ≥ 2 site-specific metastases.