Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Provable Computational and Statistical Guarantees for Efficient Learning of Continuous-Action Graphical Games

In this paper, we study the problem of learning the set of pure strategy Nash equilibria and the exact structure of a continuous-action graphical game with parametric payoffs by observing a small set of perturbed equilibria. A continuous-action graphical game can possibly have an uncountable set of Nash equilibria. We propose an ℓ12 block regularized method which recovers a graphical game, whose Nash equilibria are contained in the -Nash equilibria of the game from which the data was generated (true game). Under a slightly stringent condition on the parameters of the true game, our method recovers the exact structure of the graphical game. Our method has a logarithmic sample complexity with respect to the number of players. It also runs in polynomial time. A full version of this paper is accessible at: https://www.cs. purdue.edu/homes/abarik/icassp_para_games. pdf
Collective Modes at a Disordered Quantum Phase Transition.

We study the collective excitations, i.e., the Goldstone (phase) mode and the Higgs (amplitude) mode, near the superfluid-Mott glass quantum phase transition in a two-dimensional system of disordered bosons. Using Monte Carlo simulations as well as an inhomogeneous quantum mean-field theory with Gaussian fluctuations, we show that the Higgs mode is strongly localized for all energies, leading to a noncritical scalar response. In contrast, the lowest-energy Goldstone mode undergoes a striking delocalization transition as the system enters the superfluid phase. We discuss the generality of these findings and experimental consequences, and we point out potential relations to many-body localization.
The volumetric star formation law in the Milky Way

Several open questions on galaxy formation and evolution have their roots in the lack of a universal star formation law that could univocally link the gas properties, such as its density, to the star formation rate (SFR) density. In a recent paper we used a sample of nearby disc galaxies to infer the volumetric star formation (VSF) law, a tight correlation between the gas and the SFR volume densities derived under the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium for the gas disc. However, due to the dearth of information about the vertical distribution of the SFR in these galaxies, we could not find a unique slope for the VSF law, but two alternative values. In this paper, we use the scale height of the SFR density distribution in our Galaxy adopting classical Cepheids (age ≲200 Myr) as tracers of star formation. We show that this latter is fully compatible with the flaring scale height expected from gas in hydrostatic equilibrium. These scale heights allowed us to convert the observed surface densities of gas and SFR into the corresponding volume densities. Our results indicate that the VSF law ρSFR ∝ ραgas with α ≈ 2 is valid in the Milky Way as well as in nearby disc galaxies.
miRNA-223 Suppresses Mouse Gallstone Formation by Targeting Key Transporters in Hepatobiliary Cholesterol Secretion Pathway

miRNA-223 has been previously reported to play an essential role in hepatic cholesterol homeostasis. However, its role in regulation of biliary cholesterol secretion and gallstone formation remains unknown. Hence, mice with conventional knockout (KO), hepatocyte-specific knockout (ΔHepa) / knockdown (KD) or gain expression of miRNA-223 were included in the study and were subjected to lithogenic diet (LD) for various weeks. The gall bladders and liver tissues were harvested for cholesterol crystal imaging, gallstone mass measurement and molecular analysis. Levels of cholesterol, bile salt, phospholipids, and triglyceride were determined in serum, liver tissues, and bile by enzyme color reactive assays. A 3' UTR reporter gene assay was used to verify the direct target genes for miRNA-223. LD-induced gallstone formation was remarkably accelerated in miRNA-223 KO, ΔHepa, and KD mice with concurrent enhancement in total cholesterol levels in liver tissues and bile. Key biliary cholesterol transporters ABCG5 and ABCG8 were identified as direct targets of miRNA-223. Reversely, AAV-mediated hepatocyte-specific miRNA-223 overexpression prevented gallstone progression with reduced targets expression. Therefore, the present study demonstrates a novel role of miRNA-223 in the gallstone formation by targeting ABCG5 and ABCG8 and elevating miRNA-223 would be a potentially novel approach to overcome the sternness of cholesterol gallstone disease.
Attention to form in collaborative writing: language-related episodes in L1 and L2 use conditions

Abstract Previous research has noted an increased attention to language form as one of the many benefits of collaborative writing (CW). Although prior studies have investigated different variables (e.g. proficiency, pre-task modelling) to promote attention to form (often operationalized as a language-related episode, LRE), one crucial yet underexplored variable is whether a shared native language affects LRE use during CW. Researching this question informs an understanding of how L1 use influences the potential of CW in L2 classrooms. The present study considers LREs in both L1 and L2 use conditions. Thirty-five pairs of EFL learners were asked to complete two argumentative writing tasks collaboratively. In the first task, one group interacted in the L1 and another group interacted in the L2. In the second task, the groups switched the language used for interaction and wrote on a similar topic. Results showed that interacting in a shared L1 affords learners more opportunities to discuss and resolve lexis and mechanics related issues. Furthermore, learners in the L1 use condition were able to negotiate language use in a more elaborate manner and use a wider range of L2 lexical items. In light of these findings, the pedagogical implications of L1 use during CW are discussed.
Synthesis of coordination programs from linear temporal logic

This paper presents a method for synthesizing a reactive program which coordinates the actions of a group of other reactive programs, so that the combined system satisfies a temporal specification of its desired long-term behavior. Traditionally, reactive synthesis has been applied to the construction of a stateful hardware circuit. This work is motivated by applications to other domains, such as the IoT (the Internet of Things) and robotics, where it is necessary to coordinate the actions of multiple sensors, devices, and robots. The mathematical model represents such entities as individual processes in Hoare's CSP model. Given a network of interacting entities, called an \emph{environment}, and a temporal specification of long-term behavior, the synthesis method constructs a \emph{coordinator} process (if one exists) that guides the actions of the environment entities so that the combined system is deadlock-free and satisfies the given specification. The main technical challenge is that a coordinator may have only \emph{partial knowledge} of the environment state, due to non-determinism within the environment, and environment actions that are hidden from the coordinator. This is the first method to handle both sources of partial knowledge, and to do so for arbitrary linear temporal logic specifications. It is shown that the coordination synthesis problem is \PSPACE-hard in the size of the environment. A prototype implementation is able to synthesize compact solutions for a number of coordination problems.
Does Particulate Matter Affect Cognitive Performance?

This study analyzes the effect of test-hour particulate matter (PM10) on the college entrance test performance of 290,000 high school seniors. The data are drawn from Seoul, the capital city of South Korea, where each of the 25 districts has at least one PM10 monitoring station. The study finds that reading test scores decrease when the test-hour PM10 concentration increases. Specifically, when the one-hour average PM10 concentration is ≥75 μg/m3, reading test scores decrease by 0.13 standard deviations relative to when the concentration is lower than 25 μg/m3. The effect size is equivalent to increasing class size by six or seven students. In addition, the one-hour average concentrations measured before and after the reading test have no significant effects on the test scores, meaning that it is unlikely that other factors drive the result.
Capabilities of neural network technologies for extracting new medical knowledge and enhancing precise decision making for patients

ABSTRACT Objectives Currently, there is an active use of neural networks in various areas of human activity. Problems of recognition, diagnostics, optimization, forecasting, control, as well as obtaining new scientific knowledge are successfully solved. However, in medicine, due to the particular complexity of the human body, neural networks are mainly used only for solving the simplest problems of classification and diagnostics. The purpose of this article is to show that the possibilities of neural network modeling in medicine are much wider. Methods This goal is achieved by using special mathematical techniques developed by the authors that allow us to overcome these difficulties. Results The intellectual system created in this way made it possible to reveal a number of interesting scientific knowledge, which sometimes does not coincide with the generally accepted ideas of doctors. Virtual experiments conducted on computer models of patients using our intelligent system clearly demonstrate which lifestyle and medication variations can benefit a particular patient in the long term, and which can cause harm. Conclusion Our intellectual system allows us to identify new scientific knowledge, to carry out long-term forecasting of the development of the disease, to select the optimal courses of treatment and prevention of diseases.
The young massive SMC cluster NGC 330 seen by MUSE

Context. Observations of massive stars in open clusters younger than ∼8 Myr have shown that a majority of them are in binary systems, most of which will interact during their life. While these can be used as a proxy of the initial multiplicity properties, studying populations of massive stars older than ∼20 Myr allows us to probe the outcome of these interactions after a significant number of systems have experienced mass and angular momentum transfer and may even have merged. Aims. Using multi-epoch integral-field spectroscopy, we aim to investigate the multiplicity properties of the massive-star population in the dense core of the ∼40 Myr old cluster NGC 330 in the Small Magellanic Cloud in order to search for possible imprints of stellar evolution on the multiplicity properties. Methods. We obtained six epochs of VLT/MUSE observations operated in wide-field mode with the extended wavelength setup and supported by adaptive optics. We extracted spectra and measured radial velocities for stars brighter than mF814W = 19. We identified single-lined spectroscopic binaries through significant RV variability with a peak-to-peak amplitude larger than 20 km s−1. We also identified double-lined spectroscopic binaries, and quantified the observational biases for binary detection. In particular, we took into account that binary systems with similar line strengths are difficult to detect in our data set. Results. The observed spectroscopic binary fraction among stars brighter than mF814W = 19 (approximately 5.5 M⊙ on the main sequence) is fSBobs = 13.2 ± 2.0%. Considering period and mass ratio ranges from log(P) = 0.15−3.5 (about 1.4 to 3160 d), q = 0.1−1.0, and a representative set of orbital parameter distributions, we find a bias-corrected close binary fraction of fcl = 34−7+8%. This fraction seems to decline for the fainter stars, which indicates either that the close binary fraction drops in the B-type domain, or that the period distribution becomes more heavily weighted toward longer orbital periods. We further find that both fractions vary strongly in different regions of the color-magnitude diagram, which corresponds to different evolutionary stages. This probably reveals the imprint of the binary history of different groups of stars. In particular, we find that the observed spectroscopic binary fraction of Be stars (fSBobs = 2 ± 2%) is significantly lower than that of B-type stars (fSBobs = 9 ± 2%). Conclusions. We provide the first homogeneous radial velocity study of a large sample of B-type stars at a low metallicity ([Fe/H] ≲ −1.0). The overall bias-corrected close binary fraction (log(P) < 3.5 d) of the B-star population in NGC 330 is lower than the fraction reported for younger Galactic and Large Magellanic Cloud clusters in previous works. More data are needed, however, to establish whether the observed differences are caused by an age or a metallicity effect.
Media Systems and Attention Cycles: Volume and Topics of News Coverage on COVID-19 in the United States and China

We examined initial newspaper coverage of the COVID-19 outbreak (January–May 2020) in the United States and China, countries with contrasting media systems and pandemic experiences. We join the context-rich media systems literature and the longitudinal nature of the issue-attention literature to expand each by providing more system-level context for explaining how media cover an issue over time. U.S. coverage peaked later and stayed consistently high, while Chinese coverage was more variable. The most prominent topics in Chinese coverage were related to domestic outbreak response, while U.S. coverage focused on politics, highlighting how issue-attention cycles differ across countries.
Unconditional uniqueness of solutions for nonlinear dispersive equations

When a solution to the Cauchy problem for nonlinear dispersive equations is obtained by a fixed point argument using auxiliary function spaces, uniqueness of solutions in a natural space (e.g., space of continuous functions with values in the same Banach space as initial data), which is called unconditional uniqueness, becomes a non-trivial property, and showing that often requires some additional work. In the last decade, unconditional uniqueness for some canonical nonlinear dispersive equations such as the Korteweg-de Vries equation and nonlinear Schr\"odinger (NLS) equations has been shown by an integration-by-parts (in time) technique, which can be regarded as a variant of the normal form reduction. In this article, we aim to provide an abstract framework for establishing unconditional uniqueness as well as existence of certain weak solutions via the infinite normal form reduction argument. In particular, in an abstract setting we find two sets of fundamental estimates which can be iterate to automatically verify all multilinear estimates of arbitrarily high degrees required in this scheme. To ensure their convenience and wide applicability, we apply them to various nonlinear dispersive equations, including higher-dimensional NLS, cubic NLS with fractional Laplacians, cubic derivative NLS, and the Zakharov system, and obtain new results on unconditional uniqueness for these equations under the periodic boundary condition.
The spheres of Sol

Let Sol be the three-dimensional solvable Lie group equipped with its standard left-invariant Riemannian metric. We give a precise description of the cut locus of the identity, and a maximal domain in the Lie algebra on which the Riemannian exponential map is a diffeomorphism. As a consequence, we prove that the metric spheres in Sol are topological spheres, and we characterize their singular points almost exactly.
PoD: Positional Dependency-Based Word Embedding for Aspect Term Extraction

Dependency context-based word embedding jointly learns the representations of word and dependency context, and has been proved effective in aspect term extraction. In this paper, we design the positional dependency-based word embedding (PoD) which considers both dependency context and positional context for aspect term extraction. Specifically, the positional context is modeled via relative position encoding. Besides, we enhance the dependency context by integrating more lexical information (e.g., POS tags) along dependency paths. Experiments on SemEval 2014/2015/2016 datasets show that our approach outperforms other embedding methods in aspect term extraction.
Analysis of production resources improvement strategies in make-to-stock environments managed by the simplified drum-buffer-rope system

Abstract: Theory of Constraints (TOC) states that every system has a single constraint that limits its performance, on which improvement efforts should be concentrated. This paper compared, through computer simulation, several methods of identifying the capacity-constrained resource in the perspective of a process of continuous improvement. Six make-to-stock (MTS) production line configurations managed by the Simplified Drum-Buffer-Rope (S-DBR) system were simulated, in which six improvement methods were applied, three of them based on the TOC literature, and their performance measured and compared in terms of cycle time and order fill rate. The results showed that, in balanced systems, improvements spread over all resources allowed better results, because, in this case, it is necessary to improve everything to benefit the overall performance. In unbalanced environments, on the other hand, the three methods recommended by TOC, which recommend efforts concentrated on the weakest point of the system, achieved superior performance, with emphasis on the strategy based on the level of utilization. In addition to advancing the frontiers of knowledge in continuous improvement and TOC, the research results show that managers should focus their attention on the resource with the highest degree of utilization to get better and faster performance gains.
Military-civil interaction through the prism of human rights protection

The issue of civil-military cooperation has relatively recently taken its rightful place among the scientific works of Ukrainian scientists. For Ukraine, this issue is gaining relevance in the context of "Crimean events" and hostilities in eastern Ukraine. In addition, in the context of civil-military cooperation, respect for fundamental human rights should not be forgotten. Equality in CIMIC operations is often overlooked when considering relevant issues, although the international community has long emphasized the need for gender equality and proportional representation of the opposite sex in the armed forces and civilian professions that interact with them. The aim of the study is a detailed analysis of the peculiarities of civil-military interaction on the basis of the norms of international organizations, analysis of the place of gender policy in the relevant issue and interpretation of the ECtHR's practice on certain issues related to civil-military interaction. The leading research method is the formal-legal method, the application of which provided an effective analysis of the legal framework of international law, doctrinal approaches and practice of the ECtHR in the context of the place of human rights protection in the system of civil-military interaction.
Large-scale Multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock Calculations for Astrophysics: Cl-like Ions from Cr viii to Zn xiv

We use the multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock (MCDHF) method combined with the relativistic configuration interaction approach (GRASP2K) to provide a consistent set of transition energies and radiative transition data for the lower n = 3 states in all Cl-like ions of astrophysical importance, from Cr viii to Zn xiv. We also provide excitation energies calculated for Fe x using the many-body perturbation theory (MBPT, implemented within FAC). The comparison of the present MCDHF results with MBPT and with the available experimental energies indicates that the theoretical excitation energies are highly accurate, with uncertainties of only a few hundred cm−1. Detailed comparisons for Fe x and Ni xii highlight discrepancies in the experimental energies found in the literature. Several new identifications are proposed.
Palestinian EFL University Students’ Problems with the Reading Sections of the TOEFL Internet-based Test and the Revised TOEFL paper-delivered Test

Despite Palestinian university students’ problems with the Test of English as a Foreign Language Internet-based Test, no researchers approached this research area in the Palestinian English as a Foreign Language context. The present study attempted to answer a question focusing on Palestinian university students’ problems with the reading sections of the Test of English as a Foreign Language Internet-based Test and the revised Test of English as a Foreign Language paper-delivered test. The participants were 65 fourth-year students studying English at Al-Aqsa University. The researcher employed four instruments: a test, a group semi-structured interview, and two individual semi-structured interviews. Results showed the students’ problems with the reading sections of the two types of tests, such as the irrelevance of the topics of the tests to the students’ content background knowledge, students’ lack of exposure to lengthy passages, students’ slow reading speed, and the students’ lack of linguistic proficiency. Additionally, the study offered many recommendations for Educational Testing Service experts and Al-Aqsa university students and instructors.
Study of histopathologic patterns of borderline and malignant ovarian tumor

Introduction: Ovarian cancer is the cause of a high case-fatality ratio, and most of the cases are diagnosed in late stages. Aims and objectives: To find the frequency of different types of histomorphological types and their correlation with age, side and size distribution and how it helps in managements of these lesions. Methodology: A retrospective analysis of all malignant ovarian tumours received and processed at the Pathology Department of Hassan institute of medical sciences. Results: The ovarian tumours included 22 borderline and malignant cases. Surface epithelial tumours (Borderline and malignant tumours) was the most common accounting for 56.6%. Next common group was Sex cord stromal tumours constituting 26.1% followed by Germ cell tumours accounting for 17.3%. Conclusion: There was single case of Tertoma, Endometrioid carcinoma and Malignant mixed germ cell tumour constituting 4.3%. Maximum number of cases occurred in 4 th decade of life.
Geometric properties of galactic discs with clumpy episodes

A scenario for the formation of the bi-modality in the chemical space [α/Fe] versus [Fe/H] of the Milky Way was recently proposed in which α-enhanced stars are produced early and quickly in clumps. Besides accelerating the enrichment of the medium with α-elements, these clumps scatter the old stars, converting in-plane to vertical motion, forming a geometric thick disc. In this paper, by means of a detailed analysis of the data from smooth particle hydrodynamical simulations, we investigate the geometric properties (in particular of the chemical thick disc) produced in this scenario. For mono-age populations we show that the surface radial density profiles of high-[α/Fe] stars are well described by single exponentials, while that of low-[α/Fe] stars require broken exponentials. This break is sharp for young populations and broadens for older ones. The position of the break does not depend significantly on age. The vertical density profiles of mono-age populations are characterized by single exponentials, which flare significantly for low-[α/Fe] stars but only weakly (or not at all) for high-[α/Fe] stars. For low-[α/Fe] stars, the flaring level decreases with age, while for high-[α/Fe] stars it weakly increases with age (although with large uncertainties). All these properties are in agreement with observational results recently reported for the Milky Way, making this a plausible scenario for the formation of the Galactic thick disc.