Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonequilibrium physics in integrable systems and spin-flip non-invariant conserved quantities

Recently found spin-flip non-invariant (SFNI) conserved quantities play important roles in discussing nonequilibrium physics of the XXZ model. The representative examples are the generalized Gibbs ensemble (GGE) and the ballistic transport of the spin current. In spite of big progress in understanding nonequilibrium physics of integrable systems, the general framework to determine a minimal complete set of conserved quantities which describes the long-time steady state has not yet been found. This paper shows that the GGE of the gapless XXZ model consists of functionally independent conserved quantities rather than linearly independent. At the same time, the physical meaning of SFNI conserved quantities is provided. We also discuss that there exist ballistic channels of the spin current supported by non-quasilocal conserved quantities. The saturation of the lower bound for the Drude weight by quasilocal conserved quantities reads the linear dependence of non-quasilocal conserved quantities on quasilocal ones. We show that their (generalized) linearly dependence relation is consistent with the statement that the GGE consists of functionally independent conserved quantities without containing all linearly independent conserved quantities.
Theory of radio-frequency spectroscopy of impurities in quantum gases

We present a theory of radio-frequency spectroscopy of impurities interacting with a quantum gas at finite temperature. By working in the canonical ensemble of a single impurity, we show that the impurity spectral response is directly connected to the finite-temperature equation of state (free energy) of the impurity. We consider two different response protocols: "injection", where the impurity is introduced into the medium from an initially non-interacting state; and "ejection", where the impurity is ejected from an initially interacting state with the medium. We show that there is a simple mapping between injection and ejection spectra, which is connected to the detailed balance condition in thermal equilibrium. To illustrate the power of our approach, we specialize to the case of the Fermi polaron, corresponding to an impurity atom that is immersed in a non-interacting Fermi gas. For a mobile impurity with a mass equal to the fermion mass, we employ a finite-temperature variational approach to obtain the impurity spectral response. We find a striking non-monotonic dependence on temperature in the impurity free energy, the contact, and the radio-frequency spectra. For the case of an infinitely heavy Fermi polaron, we derive exact results for the finite-temperature free energy, thus generalizing Fumi's theorem to arbitrary temperature. We also determine the exact dynamics of the contact after a quench of the impurity-fermion interactions. Finally, we show that the injection and ejection spectra obtained from the variational approach compare well with the exact spectra, thus demonstrating the accuracy of our approximate method.
Weakly Nonlinear Analysis of Peanut-Shaped Deformations for Localized Spots of Singularly Perturbed Reaction-Diffusion Systems

Spatially localized 2-D spot patterns occur for a wide variety of two component reaction-diffusion systems in the singular limit of a large diffusivity ratio. Such localized, far-from-equilibrium, patterns are known to exhibit a wide range of different instabilities such as breathing oscillations, spot annihilation, and spot self-replication behavior. Prior numerical simulations of the Schnakenberg and Brusselator systems have suggested that a localized peanut-shaped linear instability of a localized spot is the mechanism initiating a fully nonlinear spot self-replication event. From a development and implementation of a weakly nonlinear theory for shape deformations of a localized spot, it is shown through a normal form amplitude equation that a peanut-shaped linear instability of a steady-state spot solution is always subcritical for both the Schnakenberg and Brusselator reaction-diffusion systems. The weakly nonlinear theory is validated by using the global bifurcation software {\em pde2path} [H. ~Uecker et al., Numerical Mathematics: Theory, Methods and Applications, {\bf 7}(1), (2014)] to numerically compute an unstable, non-radially symmetric, steady-state spot solution branch that originates from a symmetry-breaking bifurcation point.
Can one hear the size of a target zone

We develop a target zone model with realistic features such as finite exit time, non-stationary dynamics and heavy tails. Our rigorous characterization of risk corresponds to the dynamic counterpart of a mean-preserving spread. We explicitly solve for both stationary and transient exchange rate paths, and show how they are influenced by the distance to both the time horizon and the target zone bands. This enables us to show how central bank intervention is endogenous to both the distance of the fundamental to the band and the underlying risk. We discuss how the credibility of the target zone is shaped by the set horizon and the degree of underlying risk, and we determine a minimum time at which the required parity can be reached. We prove that the interplay of the diffusive component and the destabilizing risk component can yield an endogenous regime shift characterized by a threshold level of risk above which the target zone ceases to exist. All the previous results cannot obtain by means of the standard Gaussian and affine models. We recover by numerical simulations the different exchange rate densities established by the target zone literature.
Environmental drivers of systematicity and generalization in a situated agent

The question of whether deep neural networks are good at generalising beyond their immediate training experience is of critical importance for learning-based approaches to AI. Here, we consider tests of out-of-sample generalisation that require an agent to respond to never-seen-before instructions by manipulating and positioning objects in a 3D Unity simulated room. We first describe a comparatively generic agent architecture that exhibits strong performance on these tests. We then identify three aspects of the training regime and environment that make a significant difference to its performance: (a) the number of object/word experiences in the training set; (b) the visual invariances afforded by the agent's perspective, or frame of reference; and (c) the variety of visual input inherent in the perceptual aspect of the agent's perception. Our findings indicate that the degree of generalisation that networks exhibit can depend critically on particulars of the environment in which a given task is instantiated. They further suggest that the propensity for neural networks to generalise in systematic ways may increase if, like human children, those networks have access to many frames of richly varying, multi-modal observations as they learn.
The resolution property via Azumaya algebras

Abstract Using formal-local methods, we prove that a separated and normal tame Artin surface has the resolution property. By proving that normal tame Artin stacks can be rigidified, we ultimately reduce our analysis to establishing the existence of Azumaya algebras. Our construction passes through the case of tame Artin gerbes, tame Artin curves, and algebraic space surfaces, each of which we establish independently.
The mediating role of e-word of mouth on the relationship between content marketing and green purchase intention

Article history: Received: October 14, 2019 Received in revised format: November 29 2019 Accepted: January 15, 2020 Available online: January 15, 2020 The current paper was a quantitative study examining the mediating role of E-WOM when it comes to content marketing and its connection with green purchasing intentions in Jordan. The underpinning theory in this study was the social communication (SC) theory. A survey questionnaire was used to collect relevant data, after being distributed to the general managers. Overall, 202 questionnaires were used in this paper's data analysis, and the outcomes were investigated through partial least squares structural equation modeling. The results of the analysis denoted that the E-WOM controlled the relationship of content marketing with green purchasing intentions. As a result, this paper offers practical findings that companies in Jordan could boost customer intention to purchase green products, by achieving word of mouth and presenting suitable marketing content. © 2020 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada
Impact of AMO enhancing human resource management practices on sustainable competitive advantage in insurance companies in Qatar

Article history: Received: October 9, 2019 Received in revised format: November 25 2019 Accepted: December 27, 2019 Available online: December 27, 2019 This research aims to explore the impact of ability, motivation, and opportunity (AMO) model to enhance human resource management practices on sustainable competitive advantage. The dimensions of the AMO model were ability-enhancing human resource management practices, motivation-enhancing human resource management practices, and opportunity-enhancing human resource management practices. The population consisted of all managers on the top managerial level at insurance companies. The purposive sample was composed of (124) managers, where the questionnaires returned, and valid for statistical analysis were (106), with the responding rate (85.5%). Structural equation modeling was used for statistical analysis and testing research's hypotheses. The results indicated that all dimensions of AMO model to enhance human resource management practices had influenced on sustainable competitive advantage. Hence, the recommendations were oriented to the organizations to improve the recruitment and training practices, as well as encouraging the employees by fair compensations and empowering them to achieve the organization's goals. © 2020 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada
Differential equation-based minimal model describing metabolic oscillations in Bacillus subtilis biofilms

Biofilms offer an excellent example of ecological interaction among bacteria. Temporal and spatial oscillations in biofilms are an emerging topic. In this paper we describe the metabolic oscillations in Bacillus subtilis biofilms by applying the smallest theoretical chemical reaction system showing Hopf bifurcation proposed by Wilhelm and Heinrich in 1995. The system involves three differential equations and a single bilinear term. We perform computer simulations and a detailed analysis of the system including bifurcation analysis and quasi-steady-state approximation. We also discuss the feedback structure of the system and the correspondence of the simulations to biological observations. We also specifically select parameters that are more suitable for the biological scenario of biofilm oscillations. Our theoretical work suggests potential scenarios about the oscillatory behaviour of biofilms and also serves as an application of a previously described chemical oscillator to a biological system.
Cold call: the acoustic repertoire of Ross Sea killer whales (Orcinus orca, Type C) in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

Killer whales (Orcinus orca) are top marine predators occurring globally. In Antarctic waters, five ecotypes have been described, with Type C being the smallest form of killer whale known. Acoustic recordings of nine encounters of Type C killer whales were collected in 2012 and 2013 in McMurdo Sound, Ross Sea. In a combined 3.5 h of recordings, 6386 killer whale vocalizations were detected and graded based on their signal-to-noise ratio. Spectrograms of the highest-quality calls were examined for characteristic patterns yielding a catalogue of 28 call types (comprising 1250 calls). Acoustic parameters of each call were measured and summarized by call type. Type C killer whales produced complex calls, consisting of multiple frequency-modulated, amplitude-modulated and pulsed components. Often, two components occurred simultaneously, forming a biphonation; although the biphonic components did not necessarily start and end together, with one component lasting over several others. The addition and deletion of components yielded call subtypes. Call complexity appears stable over time and may be related to feeding ecology. Characterization of the Type C acoustic repertoire is an important step for the development of passive acoustic monitoring of the diverse assemblage of killer whale ecotypes in Antarctica's rapidly changing marine ecosystems.
Genomic Alterations Landscape in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Head and Neck

Introduction: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) accounts for 1% of all head and neck cancers and 10% to 22% of all malignant tumors of the salivary glands. ACC is associated with MYB- nuclear factor I/B-type (NFIB) gene fusion in about 50% of the cases. The genetic alteration (GA) landscape of ACC of head and neck region in this aspect has not been much studied, mainly due to small cohorts. We aim to describe the GA landscape of MYB-NFIB gene fusions, copy number alterations, and mutations of the related gene MYBL1 in human ACC by studying its association with regard to demographics and histopathological parameters. Materials and Methods: Using the GA data of ACC from a peer-reviewed web portal, we studied the presence of MYB-NFIB gene fusion with respect to age and gender distribution, site involved (major/minor salivary gland, lacrimal gland, cancer metastasis, others), histopathological diagnosis, perineural invasion (PNI), and the overall number of mutations. Descriptive statistics and Chi square test were performed. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 23. The mutation counts between the type of gene fusions involved and the gender of patients was studied using analysis of variance tests. Results: Of the 214 reported ACC cases, 65 (30%) cases had MYB-NFIB fusion alone, 15 (7%) other had rare fusions, and 12 (6%) other had GAs. Perineural invasion was found to be associated with MYB gene fusion cases with or without copy number alterations (P = 0.022). The number of mutations were significantly associated with the gender of patient (P = 0.003) and NFIB gene fusions (P = 0.001). The other factors had no statistical significance. Conclusion: MYB-NFIB gene fusion and associated GA correlates with perineural involvement in ACC.
Myelomatous ascites: Flow cytometric diagnosis and evolution of phenotype

Editor, Myeloma is a clonal plasma cell (PC) disorder characterized by presence of a monoclonal M band in either serum or urine and is identified clinically with the presence of myeloma defining events/ biomarkers of malignancy. [1] Although the use of flow cytometry to identify malignant PCs in myeloma is not included in the diagnostic guidelines, it provides useful information on clonality of malignant PCs and to identify aberrant markers expressed by them. The malignant PCs differ in immunophenotype from normal PCs as they aberrantly express CD56 in 75% cases, CD117 and CD20 in 30% cases each, CD28 in 15–45% cases, and CD27 in 40–50% cases and show a loss of CD19 in 95% cases and CD45 is variably positive. [2,3] After the advent of proteasome inhibitors like bortezomib and immunomodulatory drugs like lenalidomide, there is now a higher likelihood of achieving complete response. [4] Now the use of flow cytometry is being extensively employed to detect residual disease in the myeloma patients who achieve complete response and are candidates for autologous stem cell transplantation. [5,6]
Paraclinical cardiac findings of children with breath-holding Spells in Taleghani Hospital of Gorgan, Iran, during 2014–2016

Context: Breath-holding spells (BHSs) are episodes of brief, involuntary cessation of breathing that occur in children in response to stimuli such as anger, frustration, fear, or injury. It occurs in about 0.1%–4.6% of healthy children. Although the etiology is not known, autonomic dysfunction and increased vagal tonus leading to cardiac arrest and cerebral anoxia are considered to play a role. Increase of QT dispersion increases the risk of sudden death. Because of this, children are always referred to cardiac clinics. Aims: Our aim was to evaluate According to these problems, our aim was the evaluation of ECG and Echocardiography findings in children diagnosed with BHSs in Taleghani Hospital in Gorgan. Settings and Design/ Methods and Material: All patients diagnosed with BHSs were enrolled in this study. In the first step, demographic characteristics and echocardiography and electrocardiogram (ECG) findings were obtained from the patients. Statistical Analysis Used: For statistical analysis, the demographic variables and ECG and echocardiography information of the patients were analyzed using frequency, percentage, and statistical tests such as Chi-square. Results: Sixty-three (9%) children were male and 36 (1%) children were female. Thirty-eight (9%) children were aged between 1 and 2 years, and this group was the most common age group. The most common type of attack was cyanotic (68/5%); 24 (1%) children had a positive family history, 78 (8%) had incomplete or absent iron supplementation, and 68% of children had anemia. Five (6%) children had long QT in ECG and five (6%) had abnormal echocardiography. There was a significant correlation between echocardiography findings and age, whereas there was no significant relationship between ECG findings with age, echocardiography findings with sex, and type of attack with age and sex. Conclusions: Although BHS among children with LQTS are relatively rare and occur at similar frequency as the general population, they can be the presenting symptom for a heart rhythm disorder.
Cellular mesenchymal epithelial transition (C-MET) gene copy number variation in gastric adenocarcinoma: A pilot search for new marker for targeted therapy in HER-2/neu resistance

Increasing HER-2/neu resistance in gastric carcinoma has encouraged search for new biomarkers for targeted therapy. Cellular mesenchymal epithelial transition (C-MET) is one such tyrosine kinase inhibitor proposed for personalized salvage treatment. We determined frequency of C-MET gene copy number variation (CNV) by Fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) and sought its correlation with conventional clinicopathologic parameters. Dual-coloured FISH was done on 32 GAC cases. C-MET gene and centromere 7 signals were counted under fluorescent microscope and ratio was calculated for each case. Correlation between C-MET CNV and conventional clinic-pathologic parameters was done by Fischer exact test. CNV was identified in the form of amplification and polysomy (3.1% each) and associated with poorer prognostic parameters. Our pilot study highlights limited subset of patients that may benefit from anti-C-MET-targeted therapy and thus could be a novel biomarker for targeted intervention in GAC.
Postlicensure surveillance of human papillomavirus vaccine using the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, 2006–2017

Background: The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has licensed three HPV (Human papilloma virus) vaccines. The centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) and advisory committee on immunization practices (ACIP) recommends routine HPV vaccination at age 11 or 12 years. This study aimed to summarize and characterize adverse events following HPV vaccination reported to VAERS database from July 2006 to May 2017. Methods: A systematic data mining was performed in the VAERS database for reports associated with HPV vaccine. Clinically relevant Vaccine Event Combinations (VEC) were identified in the VAERS database following HPV vaccination. A VEC was considered for analysis only if a minimum of hundred reports were present in database for the given Adverse Event (AE). The data mining algorithm used in this study was reporting odds ratio. A value of ROR-1.96SE >1 was considered as positive signal. Results: VAERS received 49444 reports after receipt of HPV vaccine during the study period. Out of 49444, 2307 unique reactions were identified. A total of 177 death reports and 3526 non death serious reactions were reported to VAERS. ROR showed positive signals for abdominal pain, syncope, dizziness, convulsion, abortion spontaneous, alopecia, amenorrhea, anogenital warts, cervical dysplasia, anaemia, dyskinesia, migrane, blood pressure decreased, fall, head injury, loss of consciousness, pallor, presyncope, seizures. Conclusion: The present analysis did not identify any new/unexpected safety concern and was consistent with the safety data from prelicensure trials. Further epidemiological studies are required to systematically validate the data provided by VAERS.
Predictors of complications among patients with acute inferior and right myocardial infarction

Introduction: Early recognition of acute right ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI) is very crucial for the initiation of treatment to avoid complications. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the predictors of complications in patients with acute inferior and RVMI. Patients and Methods: This prospective, single-center study included 100 patients with acute inferior and RVMI presented within 6 h of symptoms onset. All patients received streptokinase as thrombolytic therapy. The patients had undergone conventional two-dimensional echocardiography to assess LVEF, RVEF, RVFAC, and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), tissue Doppler to assess s', e', a' waves and myocardial performance index (MPI), and speckle tracking echocardiography to assess RV global longitudinal strain. All echocardiographic parameters were done within the first 12 h of admission and 2 months later. Results: Of 100 patients with acute RVMI; 27 patients had complications, the most common complication was atrioventricular block followed by cardiogenic shock. Mortality occurred in only one patient. On comparing the complicated and noncomplicated groups on admission, we revealed that; as regarding the clinical data, the female gender, presence of diabetes, lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and lower pulse were independent risk factors for occurrence of complications in RVMI with P < 0.029, 0.009, 0.004, 0.009, and 0.0001, respectively. Of the echo-cardiographic parameters on admission, dilated RV, lateral S, MPI, TAPSE, and speckle were independent predictors for the occurrence of complications in patients with RVI with P < 0.005, <0.0001, 0.0001, 0.0001, and 0.011, respectively. We can use lateral s', TAPSE, MPI, and speckle with cutoff value 7.9, 13.5, 0.765, −15.9, respectively, for prediction of in-hospital complications in acute RVMI patients (P < 0.0001 for each parameter). Conclusion: Of the echo-cardiographic parameters dilated RV, lateral S, MPI, TAPSE, and speckle were independent predictors for the occurrence of complications in patients with RVMI.