Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acute Respiratory Infections

Almost exactly thirty. years ago the first hints were obtained that outbreaks of influenza-like illnesses in small communities were not always due to the viruses that had been isolated three years before from cases of epidemic influenza. ' Some other virus or viruses seemed to be causing them, but few people engaged on research into respiratory diseases at the time could have foreseen the extraordinary complexity of the problem that was to be unfolded in the ensuing years. At first progress was slow, mainly owing to the lack of suitable means for studying these diseases experimentally. The observations in the 1930s of C. H. Stuart-Harris, C. H. (now Sir Christopher) Andrewes, and the late Wilson Smith2 on outbreaks of " febrile catarrh " in Service recruits and schoolchildren drew attention to the clinical syndromes associated with various forms of acute respiratory disease. During the second world war the studies of the U.S. Commission on Acute Respiratory Diseases indicated that febrile catarrh, or A.R. D. , as it was renamed, could be transmitted to human volunteers under conditions which suggested a viral aetiology. Similar findings were obtained with virus pneumonia. ' Despite the difficulties of these studies and their interpretation it seemed clear that there were distinct differences between A.R. D. , the common cold, and virus pneumonia.45 At the same time another cause of nonbacterial pneumonia was discovered in the identification of Rickettsia burneti, the causative agent of Q fever isolated from outbreaks of virus pneumonia in the Allied Forces in Italy.6 But it was the introduction of new techniques for growing viruses in tissue and cell cultures in the 1950s in consequence of the pioneer work of Enders and his colleagues on polioviruses that had the greatest impact on virology, and in no other field has such progress been made as in the study of acute respiratory infections. In the past few years six main virus groups have been identified as causing infections of this kind, and nearly all of them consist of numerous serological subtypes. Some progress has also been made in relating certain clinical syndromes to different viruses, but there is undoubtedly a considerable overlap between the signs and symptoms caused by these different agents. Much of this information comes from clinical and virological studies of respiratory illnesses in special groups of people where respiratory disease abounds-for example, in residential nurseries, children's wards, and recruit ,centres-but there is a dearth of information at present about the incidence of the same infections in persons living at home, and it is in the home where so much respiratory illness is contracted. This aspect of the problem has recently been studied by a Medical Research Council Working Party on Acute Respiratory Disease, and their report appears at page 319 of the B.M. J. this week. Between 1961 and 1964 children up to the age of 16 years living at home were studied from a cross-section of the population. Later the study was extended to adults. Wherever possible, when respiratory
Can Topic Modelling benefit from Word Sense Information?

This paper proposes a new topic model that exploits word sense information in order to discover less redundant and more informative topics. Word sense information is obtained from WordNet and the discovered topics are groups of synsets, instead of mere surface words. A key feature is that all the known senses of a word are considered, with their probabilities. Alternative configurations of the model are described and compared to each other and to LDA, the most popular topic model. However, the obtained results suggest that there are no benefits of enriching LDA with word sense information.
Optical Manipulation of Symbiotic Chlorella in Paramecium Bursaria Using a Fiber Axicon Microlens

In this paper, chemically etched axicon fiber was proposed for laser trapping of symbiotic chlorella from paramecium bursaria. We fabricated axicon micro lenses on a single-mode bare optical fiber by selective chemical etching technique. The laser beam from fiber axicon microlens was strongly focused and optical forces were sufficient to move a symbiotic chlorella. From experimental results, it was found that our proposed fiber axicon microlens was a promising tool for cell trapping without physical contact.
Strategies for processing ad hoc queries on large data warehouses

As data warehousing applications grow in size, existing data organizations and access strategies, such as relational tables and B-tree indexes, are becoming increasingly ineffective. The two primary reasons for this are that these datasets involve many attributes and the queries on the data usually involve conditions on small subsets of the attributes. Two strategies are known to address these difficulties well, namely vertical partitioning and bitmap indexes. In this paper, we summarize our experience of implementing a number of bitmap index schemes on vertically partitioned data tables. One important observation is that simply scanning the vertically partitioned data tables is often more efficient than using B-tree based indexes to answer ad hoc range queries on static datasets. For these range queries, compressed bitmap indexes are in most cases more efficient than scanning vertically partitioned tables. We evaluate the performance of two different compression schemes for bitmap indexes stored is various ways. Using the compression scheme called Word-Aligned Hybrid Code (WAH) to store the bitmaps in plain files shows the best overall performance for bitmap indexes. Tests indicate that our bitmap index strategy based on WAH is not only efficient for attributes of low cardinality, say, <100, but also for high-cardinality attributes with 200,000 or more distinct values.
Fast and Robust Single-Phase $DQ$ Current Controller for Smart Inverter Applications

This paper presents a fast and robust DQ current controller to regulate the output power of single-phase grid-connected inverters. The proposed method generates the grid current orthogonal component without introducing any additional dynamics or distortions to the control loop. Moreover, its operation does not depend on the system parameters. The proposed method exhibits improved steady-state and dynamic performances in comparison with the inverters equipped with the conventional orthogonal signal generation techniques. Its improved characteristics make the proposed controller suitable for smart inverter applications, to provide advanced grid functionalities as demanded by recently revised standards. Simulation and experimental results show the feasibility and performance of this control structure.
A Review on Properties and Fabrication Techniques of Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Composites and Polymer Intercalated Buckypapers

This review is a comprehensive source for synthesis, functionalization, and physical properties of polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposites. The effectiveness of processing methods for carbon nanotube reinforcement in matrix for proper dispersion and appropriate interfacial adhesion is discussed. The novelty of polymer/carbon nanotube buckypaper fabrication with preformed networks through microfiltration of nanotube suspension has also been discussed. Moreover, preparation, properties, and manufacturing proficiencies of buckypaper are reviewed. Different approaches of intertwining buckypaper through infiltration, compression, soaking, and dry transfer have been analyzed. The polymer/carbon nanotube buckypaper obtained by vacuum infiltration has micron-scale bicontinuous morphology and improved thermal properties due to effectual heat transfer within nanotube rich phase. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Thermal effects on spectral modulation properties of high-power light-emitting diodes

We report on the effect of transient selfheating on the spectral modulation of electroluminescence (EL) in high-power light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In AlGaInP LEDs, which emit due to the band-to-band recombination of free carriers, the oscillation of junction temperature was found to result in that the modulation depth has a drop around the peak photon energy, an increased magnitude at lower energies, and a linear increase with photon energy at higher energies. These properties of the EL modulation spectrum can be explained by a model that takes into account the thermal modulation of band gap energy and carrier distribution function. In InGaN LEDs, almost no thermal effect on EL modulation was found around the peak photon energy and at lower energies, whereas at higher energies, the modulation depth also increases with photon energy. Such a spectrum of EL modulation depth can be understood in terms of localized carrier effect at peak photon energy and lower energies and of free carrier heating at higher energies. The frequency dependence of modulation depth at particular photon energies was shown to sensitively replicate the thermal response function of the LEDs.
Marginalized Maximum a Posteriori Hyper‐parameter Estimation for Global Optical Flow Techniques

Global optical flow estimation methods contain a regularization parameter (or prior and likelihood hyper‐parameters if we consider the statistical point of view) which control the tradeoff between the different constraints on the optical flow field. Although experiments (see e.g. Ng et al. [Ng and Solo(1997)]) indicate the importance of the optimal choice of the hyper‐parameters, only little attention has been focused on the optimal choice of these parameters in global motion estimation techniques in literature so far (the authors are only aware of one contribution [Ng and Solo(1997)] which attempts to estimate only the prior hyper‐parameter whereas the likelihood hyper‐parameter needs to be known). We adapt the marginalized maximum a posteriori (MMAP) estimator proposed in [Mohammad‐Djafari(1995)] to simultaneously estimating hyper‐parameters and optical flow for global motion estimation techniques. Experiments demonstrate the performance of this optimization technique and show that the choice of the reg.
Infectivity of human coronavirus strain 229E

The replication of human coronavirus strain 229E was observed by using indirect immunofluorescence in infected monolayers of MRC continuous cells. By 8 h after infection, bright cytoplasmic fluorescence was detected in cells infected with human coronavirus 229E. Discrete foci of infection were observed from 8 to 16 h after infection in cells infected with high dilutions of human coronavirus 229E; each fluorescent focus corresponded to a single virus infection. A fluorescent focus assay is described, using indirect immunofluorescence, which is more sensitive than the established techniques of tube titration and plaque assay. Particle/infectivity ratios for unpurified and purified virus preparations revealed a considerable drop in infectivity on purification.
Idest: Learning a Distributed Representation for Event Patterns

This paper describes IDEST, a new method for learning paraphrases of event patterns. It is based on a new neural network architecture that only relies on the weak supervision signal that comes from the news published on the same day and mention the same real-world entities. It can generalize across extractions from different dates to produce a robust paraphrase model for event patterns that can also capture meaningful representations for rare patterns. We compare it with two state-of-the-art systems and show that it can attain comparable quality when trained on a small dataset. Its generalization capabilities also allow it to leverage much more data, leading to substantial quality improvements.
EMIR and OSIRIS instruments: common data acquisition software architecture

OSIRIS (Optical System for Imaging and low/intermediate-Resolution Integrated Spectroscopy) and EMIR (InfraRed MultiObject Spectrograph) are instruments designed to obtain images and low resolution spectra of astronomical objects in the optical and infrared domains. They will be installed on Day One and Day Two, respectively, in the Nasmyth focus of the 10-meter Spanish GTC Telescope. This paper describes the architecture of the Data Acquisition System (DAS), emphasizing the functional and quality attributes. The DAS is a component oriented, concurrent, distributed and real time system which coordinates several activities: acquisition of images coming from the detectors controller, tagging, and data communication with the required telescope system resources. This architecture will minimize efforts in the development of future DAS. Common aspects, such as the data process flow, concurrency, asynchronous/synchronous communication, memory management, and exception handling, among others, are managed by the proposed architecture. This system also allows a straightforward inclusion of variable parts, such as dedicated hardware and different acquisition modes. The DAS has been developed using an object oriented approach and uses the Adaptive Communication Environment (ACE) to be operating system independent.
All-water-blown Integral Skin Foam Prepared by Novel Polypropylene Glycols

Integral skin foam (designated ISF) consisting of core (cellular foam) and solid skin is produced in one operation. Since the recommendation of Montreal Protocol in 1987 to phase out five CFCs, the three major possibilities for producing ISF studied in the past include replacement of CFC with HCFC, HFC, or water. Recently, the use of HCFC-141b for blowing agent was also phased out at the end of 2003, and HFCs have been criticized for their high Global Warming Potential (GWP). However, it is difficult to produce a skin layer using water as the blowing agent because carbon dioxide (CO2), which is generated by an isocyanate—water reaction is unlikely to condense at the mold surface. We have developed a new technology to produce all-water-blown ISF. A novel polypropylene glycol, which contains an extremely small amount of byproducts (monool) and has narrow molecular weight distribution compared with conventional polypropylene glycols was applied to this new system. In case of applying this novel polypropylene glycol in all-water-blown ISF system, it is easy to control the balance between the gelling reaction and blowing reaction of ISF. Therefore, we have been able to obtain a tight skin layer like HFC-blown ISF.
The 2dF-SDSS LRG and QSO Survey: the QSO luminosity function at 0.4 < z < 2.6

We present the quasi-stellar object (QSO) luminosity function (LF) of the completed 2dF–SDSS LRG and QSO (2SLAQ) survey, based on QSOs photometrically selected from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) imaging data and then observed spectroscopically using the 2dF instrument on the Anglo-Australian Telescope. We analyse 10 637 QSOs in the redshift range 0.4 20.0, as found previously by Richards et al. The LF is consistent with other previous, much smaller, samples produced to the depth of 2SLAQ. By combining the 2SLAQ and SDSS QSO samples, we produce a QSO LF with an unprecedented combination of precision and dynamic range. With this we are able to accurately constrain both the bright and faint ends of the QSO LF. While the overall trends seen in the evolution of the QSO LF appear similar to pure luminosity evolution, the data show very significant departures from such a model. Most notably we see clear evidence that the number density of faint QSOs peaks at lower redshift than bright QSOs: QSOs with Mg > −23 have space densities which peak at z 2. By fitting simple LF models in narrow Mg intervals, we find that this downsizing is significant at the 99.98 per cent level. We show that LF models which follow the pure luminosity evolution form [i.e. M ∗ ≡ M ∗(z)], but with a redshift-dependent bright-end slope and an additional density evolution term, � ∗ ≡ � ∗ (z), provide a much improved fit to the data. The bright-end slope, α, steepens from α �− 3.0 at z � 0.5 to α =− 3.5 at z � 2.5. This steepening is significant at the 99.9 per cent level. We find a decline in � ∗ from z � 0.5 to 2.5 which is significant at the
Isolated Mini-domain for Trusted Cloud Computing

On the cloud system, guest domains for cloud customers can be attacked by one of administrators with privilege or remote hackers who can compromise management tools. Therefore, the customers need a guarantee that their domains run on the secure environment with a protection against them. In this paper, we examine the security issues incurred by I/O model of hyper visors with a management domain, and propose an isolated mini-domain to protect the guest domains under the untrustworthy environment by addressing those issues.
LYNX: CAD for FPGA-based networks-on-chip

We present a computer-aided design (CAD) tool that automatically connects an FPGA application using an embedded network-on-chip (NoC). After discussing the CAD flow steps, we delve into the details of implementing transaction communication using our CAD tool. This request-reply type of communication requires special consideration on FPGAs, for example: low round-trip latency, fair arbitration and correct ordering. We show how to implement transaction communication using embedded NoCs, and show that we can improve latency, throughput and efficiency compared to soft buses generated by a commercial CAD tool.
Invasion and Persistence of a Selfish Gene in the Cnidaria

Background Homing endonuclease genes (HEGs) are superfluous, but are capable of invading populations that mix alleles by biasing their inheritance patterns through gene conversion. One model suggests that their long-term persistence is achieved through recurrent invasion. This circumvents evolutionary degeneration, but requires reasonable rates of transfer between species to maintain purifying selection. Although HEGs are found in a variety of microbes, we found the previous discovery of this type of selfish genetic element in the mitochondria of a sea anemone surprising. Methods/Principal Findings We surveyed 29 species of Cnidaria for the presence of the COXI HEG. Statistical analyses provided evidence for HEG invasion. We also found that 96 individuals of Metridium senile, from five different locations in the UK, had identical HEG sequences. This lack of sequence divergence illustrates the stable nature of Anthozoan mitochondria. Our data suggests this HEG conforms to the recurrent invasion model of evolution. Conclusions Ordinarily such low rates of HEG transfer would likely be insufficient to enable major invasion. However, the slow rate of Anthozoan mitochondrial change lengthens greatly the time to HEG degeneration: this significantly extends the periodicity of the HEG life-cycle. We suggest that a combination of very low substitution rates and rare transfers facilitated metazoan HEG invasion.
AsterixDB: A Scalable, Open Source BDMS

AsterixDB is a new, full-function BDMS (Big Data Management System) with a feature set that distinguishes it from other platforms in today's open source Big Data ecosystem. Its features make it well-suited to applications like web data warehousing, social data storage and analysis, and other use cases related to Big Data. AsterixDB has a flexible NoSQL style data model; a query language that supports a wide range of queries; a scalable runtime; partitioned, LSM-based data storage and indexing (including B + -tree, R-tree, and text indexes); support for external as well as natively stored data; a rich set of built-in types; support for fuzzy, spatial, and temporal types and queries; a built-in notion of data feeds for ingestion of data; and transaction support akin to that of a NoSQL store. Development of AsterixDB began in 2009 and led to a mid-2013 initial open source release. This paper is the first complete description of the resulting open source AsterixDB system. Covered herein are the system's data model, its query language, and its software architecture. Also included are a summary of the current status of the project and a first glimpse into how AsterixDB performs when compared to alternative technologies, including a parallel relational DBMS, a popular NoSQL store, and a popular Hadoop-based SQL data analytics platform, for things that both technologies can do. Also included is a brief description of some initial trials that the system has undergone and the lessons learned (and plans laid) based on those early "customer" engagements.
Hydrochloric Acid Treatment of Tunneled Central Venous Catheter Infections in Children With Cancer

Background Long-term tunneled central venous catheters (CVCs) are often the source of catheter-associated bloodstream infections (CABSIs), which may be difficult to eradicate and may lead to premature catheter removal. Procedure This prospective controlled study used instillation of 2 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) as an adjuvant to the intravenous antibiotic treatment of children with bacteremia and compared the results with those from the immediate preceding period. The primary outcome variable was infection-related CVC removal within 100 days of bacteremia. Only patients with double lumen Hickman CVC with external tubings were included. Results During a period of 36 months, 109 episodes of bacteremia were treated, 51 during the period where HCl was not used and 58 during the period where HCl was used. Forty-two out of 58 bacteremias were treated with HCl during the “HCl period. ” An intention-to-treat analysis showed that the median time to infection-related CVC removal was significantly longer during the HCl period compared with the non-HCl period (94 d vs. 12.5 d). At day 100 significantly more CVCs remained in place compared with the non-HCl period. Of the 42 CVCs treated with HCl, 2 had to be removed because of infection before day 30 and further 7 CVCs were removed before day 100. There was no difference in the occurrence of new bacteremias within the first 30 days of bacteremia in the 2 groups. Conclusion HCl may successfully supplement intravenous antibiotics in the treatment of CABSI and contribute to CVC salvage.
14 GSps Four-Bit Noninterleaved Data Converter Pair in 90 nm CMOS With Built-In Eye Diagram Testability

This paper presents the design and test of a 14 GSps, four-bit data converter pair in 90 nm CMOS suitable for implementing advanced serial links. The data converter pair consists of a noninterleaved flash analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a noninterleaved current-steering digital-to-analog converter (DAC). Both the converter designs adopt the wave-pipelining technique to increase the available signal settling time. Through detailed analysis, we show that cascading three active feedback preamplifiers to implement the cores of the comparators in the ADC balances the power budget and the design difficulty when we push the sampling rate to the process limit. Current mode logic gates are used to alleviate the power bouncing issue. To address the difficulty and high cost of testing the extremely high-speed converters, the design embeds the simple design-for-testability circuits cooperating with the on-chip resources to provide two cost-effective test modes. The first test mode cascades the ADC and DAC so that they can be tested at the rated speed without the need of a very high speed logic analyzer. The second test mode enables the eye diagram tests by shuffling the digital outputs of ADC as the inputs of the DAC instead of adopting conventional linear feedback shift register. The experimental results show that the cascaded ADC and DAC pair achieves a 31.0 dBc spurious-free dynamic range and a 25.9 dB signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio with a 1.11 GHz, -1 dBFS stimulus at 14 GSps. The ADC and DAC consume 214 mW and 85 mW from a 1.0-V supply and occupy 0.1575 mm2 and 0.0636 mm2, respectively.