Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling the Pareto-optimal set using B-spline basis functions for continuous multi-objective optimization problems

In the past few years, multi-objective optimization algorithms have been extensively applied in several fields including engineering design problems. A major reason is the advancement of evolutionary multi-objective optimization (EMO) algorithms that are able to find a set of non-dominated points spread on the respective Pareto-optimal front in a single simulation. Besides just finding a set of Pareto-optimal solutions, one is often interested in capturing knowledge about the variation of variable values over the Pareto-optimal front. Recent innovization approaches for knowledge discovery from Pareto-optimal solutions remain as a major activity in this direction. In this article, a different data-fitting approach for continuous parameterization of the Pareto-optimal front is presented. Cubic B-spline basis functions are used for fitting the data returned by an EMO procedure in a continuous variable space. No prior knowledge about the order in the data is assumed. An automatic procedure for detecting gaps in the Pareto-optimal front is also implemented. The algorithm takes points returned by the EMO as input and returns the control points of the B-spline manifold representing the Pareto-optimal set. Results for several standard and engineering, bi-objective and tri-objective optimization problems demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed procedure.
Error-rate estimation in two-group discriminant analysis using the linear discriminant function

Fisher's linear discriminant function, adapted by Anderson for allocating new observations into one of two existing groups, is considered in this paper. Methods of estimating the misclassification error rates are reviewed and evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations. The investigation is carried out under both ideal (Multivariate Normal data) and non-ideal (Multivariate Binary data) conditions. The assessment is based on the usual mean square error (MSE) criterion and also on a new criterion of optimism. The results show that although there is a common cluster of good estimators for both ideal and non-ideal conditions, the single best estimators vary with respect to the different criteria
Raman–Ramsey electromagnetically induced transparency in the configuration of counterpropagating pump and probe in vacuum Rb cell

Counterpropagating, spatially separated hollow pump and coaxial probe laser beams generate narrow Zeeman electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonances in the vacuum Rb cell. The lasers are locked to D2 line transition Fg=2→Fe=1 of Rb87. For the probe laser beam intensity between 0.1 and 3.0 mW/cm2 this Ramsey-type configuration yields dual-structured resonances having a narrow peak on top of a broader pedestal. Linewidths of the narrow peak are nearly independent of the probe laser beam intensity and of the probe diameter (for diameters 0.8 and 2.7 mm), provided that the dark region between the pump and the probe beams is fixed. At the probe laser beam intensities below 0.1 mW/cm2 Zeeman EIT is a single narrow resonance. With this geometry of laser beams, and at low probe intensity, the presence of the pump enables the probe EIT, i.e., the probe transmission becomes enhanced in a narrow spectral window. Accompanying theoretical model showed good quantitative agreement with the measurements.
The Role of Typhoon Songda (2004) in Producing Distantly Located Heavy Rainfall in Japan

Abstract When Typhoon Songda (2004) was located southeast of Okinawa over the western North Pacific during 2–4 September 2004, a heavy rainfall event occurred over southern central Japan and its adjacent seas, more than 1200 km from the typhoon center. The Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF-ARW) model was used to investigate the possible remote effects of Typhoon Songda on this heavy precipitation event in Japan. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) global final (FNL) analysis was used to provide both the initial and lateral boundary conditions for the WRF model. The model was initialized at 1800 UTC 2 September and integrated until 1800 UTC 6 September 2004, during which Songda was a supertyphoon. Two primary numerical experiments were performed. In the control experiment, a bogus vortex was inserted into the FNL analysis to enhance the initial storm intensity such that the model typhoon had an intensity that was similar to that observed at the initial.
Feedback instability analysis for dipole configuration with ionospheric and magnetospheric cavities

[1] Linear eigenmodes of ionospheric feedback instability in the dipole magnetic field geometry are investigated by considering the ionospheric and magnetospheric resonant cavities with inhomogeneous Alfven velocity profiles. The two-field reduced magnetohydrodynamic model is used to describe shear Alfven wave dynamics, associated with auroral arcs, in a strongly nonuniform magnetic flux tube. Linear properties of ionospheric cavity modes (eigenfrequency and eigenfunctions) are examined for a wider parameter range than the previous works. It is found that several harmonics, denoted by the mode numbers of n = 3, 6–7, 10–11, …, are trapped in the cavity region, and their magnetic fluctuations have a large amplitude at the ionosphere, leading to a high growth rate. By steepening a gradient of the Alfven velocity on the magnetospheric side, the properties of ionospheric cavity modes are fully dismissed from these low n harmonics, although their growth rates remain small positive values. On the other hand, the fundamental field line resonant mode (n = 0) has a high growth rate with a large amplitude of magnetic fluctuations at the ionosphere owing to the magnetospheric cavity. Possible spatial and temporal scales of auroral arcs and ULF wave resonances in a realistic situation are discussed.
Spurious modes in two‐dimensional isoparametric elements

The reasons for the presence of spurious modes in plane isoparametric elements are examined. Eigenvalue and eigenvector analyses of stiffness matrices for single elements and unconstrained and constrained meshes reveal the types of mechanisms and near-mechanisms that can be expected when reduced or selective integration techniques are used with quadrilateral elements in the analysis of plane strain problems.
Phase field simulation of crack tip domain switching in ferroelectrics

This paper presents a new application of the phase field method. Two-dimensional phase field simulations of domain switching in the crack tip vicinity of a crack embedded in a ferroelectric single crystal, which was subjected to mechanical and electric loading, have been carried out. Khachaturyan–Shatalov (KS) theory [1] was adopted to account for the elastic energy. The domain switching zones induced by the mechanical and electric loading were plotted. The stress field near the crack tip was also plotted to investigate the effect of domain switching on the crack. The obtained domain switching zones are in good agreement with reported theoretical predictions and experimental observations. The stress field shows that the positive electric field inhibits while the negative field promotes the crack propagation.
The role of the whistler precursor during the cyclic reformation of a quasi-parallel shock

It is known from observations in space plasmas and from numerical simulations that under certain conditions, obliquely propagating shocks generate a standing whistler precursor. A one-dimensional electromagnetic implicit particle code is used to investigate its role during the cyclic reformation of quasi-parallel shocks observed in hybrid simulations. It is shown that the precursor grows until a significant number of ions become trapped, at which time the shock ramp reforms near the leading edge of the whistler wave train. Electron inertial effects are found to be rather unimportant for the reformation mechanism, although some electrons are found to be accelerated to suprathermal velocities by the whistler precursor.
Dust and Extinction in the Planetary Nebula NGC 7027

NGC 7027 is a well-observed dusty planetary nebula whose proximity and high surface brightness make it an ideal object for studying the distribution of optical and near-infrared emission at high spatial resolution. This paper presents high spatial resolution (≤1″.0 pixel −1 ) optical and near-infrared images of NGC 7027 obtained to investigate the overall dust distribution and small-scale (∼1″-2″) extinction variation
An Application of Numerical Integration Techniques to Statistical Tolerancing, II—A Note on the Error

Previously quadrature approximations were developed to determine the moments of a distribution of the response of a multivariable function when each of the variables is a random variable from a normal distribution. The error was shown to be of the order of the sixth power of the standard deviations of the random variables, but a more useful bound is desired in applied work. Only limited success has been achieved in this direction. It is shown that the best approximating distribution is a Beta distribution of the first kind with β2 equal to 3 and mean, variance, and β1 obtained by quadrature, where β1 and β2 are standard measures of skewness and kurtosis, respectively. A parametric study of the function X = Co (a o, ± y 1 ± y 2 ± … ±yn ) m + b o where the yi all have the same standard deviation, σ, is conducted both analytically and by quadrature. The mean and variance obtained by quadrature are essentially exact in the range of interest. It is shown that for a large range of σ the above distribution is bo.
Band gap engineering of wurtzite and zinc-blende GaN/AlN superlattices from first principles

Based on all-electron density functional theory calculations, we systematically investigate the electronic structure of (0001)-oriented wurtzite (wz) and (111)-, (100)-, and (110)-oriented zinc-blende (zb) GaN/AlN superlattices, where the band gap, strength of the electric field and their correlation with biaxial stain as a function of the superlattice thickness are calculated. For the polar wz-(0001) and zb-(111) systems, the band gap values are found to continuously decrease with increasing thickness of the superlattice period due to the built-in electric field. By mapping the core-level shift, we demonstrate the presence of spontaneous polarization in both wz-(0001) and zb-(111) superlattices. The built-in electric field is calculated to be about 5.1±0.3 and 1.4±0.4 MV/cm in the “free-standing” (fully relaxed) wz-(0001) and zb-(111) superlattices, respectively. Strain-induced piezoelectric polarizations are estimated to contribute only about 5% for the wz-(0001) superlattice, and about 30% for the zb-(.
Modeling Composite and Fluffy Grains. II. Porosity and Phase Functions

The evidence from observation and theory is mounting that cosmic dust grains possess a fluffy and composite nature. The computational simplicity of using effective medium theory (EMT) with series solution cross sections to model such grains has lead some workers to disregard the validity criterion inherent in the various EMT mixing rules. Fortunately, the recent availability of robust electromagnetic scattering finite element codes allows one to explore the applicability of the various mixing rules through direct computation. Building on the methodology and results of a previous paper, we extend our calculations to the angular distribution of scattered light. We establish numerical and physical convergence properties for both solid and porous targets. The discrete dipole approximation (DDA) scattering properties are compared to those computed by the EMT/series solution technique in order to examine further the applicability of several mixing rules. For grains with vacuum inclusions in the Rayleigh limit, we show that the EMT/series solution approach is generally valid even for the particle phase functions, especially in the case of a polydispersion (size distribution) of particles. We also investigate the impact of inclusions that are clearly non-Rayleigh in nature and find that they can be significant and are not reproducible by the mixing rules considered. Possible ramifications of the results are explored through the simple example of radiation pressure in late-type stellar and brown dwarf environments.
High-Frequency Ultrasonic Atomization With Pulsed Excitation

Ultrasonic atomization is a very convenient method to produce sprays of very small droplets. Resulting droplet size distributions are very narrow and the mean diameter is essentially only controlled by the excitation frequency. Generation of droplets in the micron range requires MHz waves, with voltages around 30 V, which translates into power requirements on the order of 10 W. Tunable wave generators with these characteristics are somewhat uncommon. To explore the capabilities of ultrasonic atomization for inhalation therapies, an excitation source has been designed. The characteristics of the sprays obtained when driving with it a piezoceramic disk are analyzed
Fiber optic intrusion sensor with the configuration of an optical time-domain reflectometer using coherent interference of Rayleigh backscattering

The optical fiber intrusion sensor is investigated in the configuration of an optical time domain reflectometer using coherent interference of Rayleigh backscattering in a single mode fiber. When the modulation pulse width was 4 usec, the spatial resolution of this intrusion sensor was about 400m, the signal to noise ratio was about 3.3 and the bandwidth was about 30.5Hz.
A convergence proof for Nanbu's simulation method for the full Boltzmann equation

It is shown that the discrete measures given by the Nanbu simulation method converge with respect to the weak topology of measures to solutions of the Boltzmann equation. The main conditions for this result are that the Cauchy problem for the Boltzmann equation has a sufficiently smooth solution and that the discretization parameters (cell size, timestep and test particle number) satisfy suitable constraints.
Impacts of cloud flare-ups on hurricane intensity resulting from departures from balance laws

ABSTRACT Cloud flare-ups along the inner eye wall of a hurricane lead to enhancement of cloud scale divergence, which in turn leads to a large local enhancement of the departure from balance laws and can lead to local supergradient winds. This scenario is tested using the results from a mesoscale microphysical model at horizontal resolution of 1.33 km for the simulation of hurricane Katrina. Rainwater mixing ratio tags growing cloud elements. The departure from balance laws includes terms such as the local, horizontal and vertical advections of divergence, divergence square and a term invoking the gradient of vertical velocity. It is noted that these terms collectively contribute to a substantial local enhancement of the departure from balance laws. Departures from balance laws are related to the radial gradient wind imbalances in a storm-centred coordinate. In this study, several examples, from the hurricane Katrina simulations, that display this scenario of rapid intensification are illustrated. Organisation of convection in the azimuthal direction seems important for the hurricane scale; cloud flare-ups away from such regions of azimuthal organisation fail to contribute to this scenario for the overall intensification of the hurricane.
A Note on the Homology of the Schur Complex

In this note we assume freely basic notions and facts pertaining to the theory of Schur complexes. Our main reference for this material is the w x classical paper of Akin et al. ABW . Let R be a commutative Noetherian ring, and f : G a F an R-module homomorphism between free R-modules of ranks n and m, respectively. Ž . Suppose l s l , l , . is a sequence of nonnegative integers with finitely 1 2 many of the l ’s nonzero. We recall that l is a partition if l G l G ? i 1 2 One often interprets l schematically by viewing each l as a horizontal i Ž . array consisting of l -blocks. For example, if l s 4, 3, 3, 2, 1, 0, . , then i we associate to l the diagram,
Robust Positively Invariant Sets for Linear Systems subject to model-uncertainty and disturbances

Abstract In this paper, we propose an algorithm for the computation of Robust Positively Invariant sets for linear discrete-time systems subject to norm-bounded model-uncertainty, additive disturbances and polytopic constraints on the input and state. The invariant set (optimized with respect to a measure of size) and the corresponding controller are computed simultaneously by solving a single LMI optimization problem. The novelty lies in the fact that the proposed scheme explicitly takes account of (norm-bounded) model-uncertainty and does not require any iterative computations or initial estimates of the invariant set or controller. A numerical example, taken from literature, demonstrates the applicability of proposed algorithm.
Theory of anomalous energy flux and deposition in a laser produced plasma

To study anomalous energy deposition and thermal flux in a collisionless plasma, the steady state fluid equations for the first four moments, density, velocity, temperature and heat flux are examined. The fluid system is coupled to the system of equations for the unstable waves, and the entire system is solved numerically for the case where the anomalous absorption mechanism is the Compton sidescatter instability. Absorption efficiency can be as high as twenty percent, albeit for very long plasma lengths.
Oscillatory control parameters in nonlinear chaotic systems

For a better understanding of the role of control parameters in nonlinear dynamical systems, we examined numerically the effect of the oscillatory control parameter D = C0 cos(ω1t) on the Lorenz model for a dynamo, where C0 and ω1 are the driving amplitude and frequency, respectively. Despite the absence of the mean value of D, finite amplitude solutions are found for sufficiently large C0 and small ω1. Overall, smaller C0 and higher ω1 are less efficient in generating finite amplitude solutions, the bifurcation occurring at a larger value of C0 and a smaller value of ω1. Furthermore, we find a linear relationship between C0 and ω1 for the transition between finite amplitude and damping solutions.
Flow in networks with random capacities

We study the problem of finding the maximum flow through a capacitated network in which the set of capacities is a collection of independent random variables, drawn from some known distribution. We find limit theorems when the underlying graph is either a branching tree or a complete graph. Finally, we discuss the difficulty of the problem of finding the expected maximum flow, using the language of computational complexity, and propose an easy approximate solution to the closely related reliability problem.
Oxygen K -edge XANES of germanates investigated using first-principles calculations

O K-edge x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra of {alpha}-quartz-type and rutile-type GeO{sub 2} polymorphs and of K{sub 2}Ge{sub 8}O{sub 17} have been analyzed using first-principles plane-wave pseudopotential calculations. XANES spectra have been calculated using supercell including core-hole effects and good agreement with experiment has been obtained. In the the case of GeO{sub 2} polymorphs, local density of empty states has been performed and peaks in the experimental spectra can be assigned to transitions involving hybridization of the O p orbitals with the Ge s, Ge p, Ge sp, and Ge d orbitals. Furthermore, peak positions in the theoretical spectra appear to be correlated with changes in the Ge-O-Ge angle as well as indirectly with the Ge coordination geometry. Analysis of O K-edge XANES spectra for individual O sites in K{sub 2}Ge{sub 8}O{sub 17} shows that oxygens shared between two fivefold Ge atoms or one fourfold and one fivefold Ge atom exhibit subtle shifts to lower energy of the peaks, which have been previously observed in alkali germanate glasses at and above the germanate anomaly.
Extraction of wave parameters from measured HF radar sea-echo Doppler spectra

Computerized techniques for extracting rms wave height and dominant wave period from HF radar sea-echo Doppler spectra are derived. Earlier theoretical models for first- and second-order sea backscatter (derived elsewhere) are employed to obtain the simple, closed-form inversion equations giving these two radar-deduced quantities. The results are general in that no specific models for the radial or azimuthal form of the wave height directional spectrum need be assumed; the resulting formulas are only weakly dependent upon the radar/wind direction. Approximations made in the derivation are stated, and they are ultimately tested by comparing wave heights and periods extracted from the inversion model with the actual values input to the original equations for scatter. The derived relationships are then tested against some eighty hours of radar measurements taken at a variety of frequencies and buoy-measured sea conditions. Theoretically predicted and empirically determined correction factors for wave height and period are in agreement. Finally, the measurements show that when sea wave height is greater than one twentieth of the radar wavelength, wave height extraction (rms) errors are less than 23%, and wave period extraction errors less than 12%.
The Sydney University Stellar Interferometer — II. Commissioning observations and results

The extensive commissioning programme for the Sydney University Stellar Interferometer (SUSI) carried out in preparation for the commencement of scientific observations is described. The programme included the development of alignment techniques and procedures, the establishment of pointing solutions for each of the steerable input mirrors, the determination of baseline parameters to allow accurate tracking of the position of zero path difference between the input beams of starlight, and the evaluation and minimization of instrumental and seeing effects which influence the accuracy of angular determinations made with SUSI. A calibration technique to correct for residual seeing effects is described, and the first angular diameter measurement made with SUSI is included to demonstrate the initial performance of the instrument.
Time-resolved spectroscopy characterization of femtosecond fiber laser induced plasma

This paper reports the studies on time-resolved laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) of plasmas produced by a femtosecond (fs) fiber laser. The temporal behavior of specific ion and neutral emission lines of different materials (metals, glasses and semiconductors) has been characterized. Sub-spot-size craters are generated with near threshold pulse energy and it shows the potential for further improved spatial resolution using fs laser for LIBS application. The decay between the continuum plasma emission and the atomic emission were used as a means to maximize the signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) of the atomic emission lines for different materials. The SNR can be improved by more than one order of magnitude with optimal delay and gating. This fiber laser based LIBS can lead to a more compact, reliable, low-cost and field-deployable detection system for versatile and rapid analysis of chemical and special explosive materials.
Phonon and thermal transport properties of the misfit-layered oxide thermoelectric Ca3Co4O9 from first principles

The full phonon spectra of two rational approximants to the incommensurate thermoelectric oxide material Ca3Co4O9 (CCO) are calculated from first principles within density functional theory (DFT) and its DFT + U extension. The computed phonon dispersion curves are then used to evaluate the constant volume heat capacity, as well as the full and partial (subsystem-projected) lattice thermal conductivity of CCO. The results are discussed in terms of the effects of the Hubbard U on the computed properties, the size of the rational approximants used to model CCO, the relative contributions of the two subsystems that comprise the misfit-layered material, and the anisotropic nature of the computed thermal conductivity. We obtain good agreement with available experimental data.