Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Liposome-coated Magnesium Phosphate Nanoparticle for Delivery of Cytochrome C into Lung Cancer Cells A549

by Weizhou Yue University of the Pacific 2017 Proteins are large biomolecules that have great therapeutic potential in treating many human diseases. However, chemical/enzymatic degradation, denaturation, and poor penetration into cells are some of the challenges for clinical use of intracellular proteins. Previously, our group has developed cationic lipid-coated magnesium phosphate nanoparticle (LP MgP NP-CAT) formulations to enhance the intracellular delivery of the negatively charged protein catalase. The goal of the current research is to develop a formulation to deliver cytochrome c (CytC), a positively charged protein into lung cancer cells A549. Specifically, this thesis research prepares and tests liposome-coated magnesium phosphate nanoparticle for delivery of cytochrome c (CytC LP/MgP). CytC LP/MgP was designed, prepared and characterized, showing that it had an average diameter around 150 nm and ζ-potential around +30 mV. The morphology of CytC LP/MgP was validated by transmission electron microscopy.
Progress in the Research of Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Sediment-laden Overland Flow

Overland flow is the main cause for slope erosion,which has unique hydrodynamic characteristics.This paper made a systematic and thorough discussion on the flow pattern,frictional resistance,mean flow velocity measurement and runoff energy of sediment-laden overland flow,sediment concentration as well as the impacts of the above.Reynolds number(Re) and Froude number(Fr) are used to express flow pattern.The branch point of Re exists in the definition of "laminar flow",and raindrop splash is the main reason for its specificity.Fr of overland flow free of sediment on bare soil is generally considered to be 1.Different flow pattern results are also obtained in the meager literature of sediment-laden flow.However,most scholars believed that sediment-laden flow belonged to tranquil flow.There are different values of Darcy-Weisbach Friction Coefficient(f) in different experiments on hillslopes,and the factors that affect f are Re,water depth,Fr and sediment concentration.On the study of sediment-laden flow,f is closely related to Re,but the tendencies are quite different.In addition,f is inversely proportional to Fr,and on the contrary,it is directly proportional to sediment concentration.Many measurements of surface flow velocity have their respective advantages and disadvantages.Exact instrument is characterized by high price,required routine maintenance and harsh work conditions,which is usually used to measure overland flow free of sediment.So,exact instrument is not suitable for sediment-laden flow temporarily.The accuracy of flow measurement with tracers is not high,but the process of tracers diffusing would be slower through the effect of sediment concentration.As a result,using tracers to measure the velocity of sediment-laden flow is still applicable.Formulas for velocity of overland flow are usually simulated by a power function of discharge and slope gradient,and there are a negative relationship existing between flow velocity and sediment concentration.Runoff energy is synthesis of hydrodynamic characteristics of sediment -laden flow on hillslopes.Most scholars use different formulas of water potential energy to express runoff energy.Generally speaking,the runoff energy consumption of shallow flow on slope increases as sediment concentration increasing.On the basis of reviewing recent research at home and abroad,deficiencies from experimental device and skill and experimental content are also discussed.The main problems of experimental device and skill include low-precision of velocimeter and poor comparability of data.Besides,results of every hydrodynamic parameter acquired by experiment are almost about its average values of the whole hillslopes,and most experiment has been done under the condition of overland flow free of sediment on gentle slope.Finally,the corresponding suggestions are put forward to provide a theoretical basis for slope erosion mechanism and slope erosion model perfection.
PEPTIDOGLYCAN OF STAPHYLOCCUS AUREUS INDUCES ENHANCED LEVELS OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-9 IN HUMAN BLOOD ORIGINATING FROM NEUTROPHILS

Enhanced plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) detected in patients with severe sepsis are thought to contribute to the development of organ dysfunction in endotoxemia. We have recently reported that peptidoglycan, the major wall component of gram-positive bacteria, increases MMP-9 levels in lung and liver and organ injury in the rat. Thus far, it is unclear whether MMP-9 is part of the septic response to peptidoglycan in human blood. The aim of the present study was to examine the regulation of MMP-9 by peptidoglycan in human leukocytes. The addition of peptidoglycan to whole human blood caused enhanced levels of MMP-9 after 1 h of incubation (306 vs. 75 ng/mL, P ≤ 0.05) and onward, as measured by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay. In neutrophil cultures, MMP-9 values increased significantly after 30 min of incubation with peptidoglycan (242 vs. 121 ng/mL, P ≤ 0.05), whereas muramyl dipeptide had no effect. In contrast, adherent monocytes released insignificant amounts of MMP-9. To examine whether the released MMP-9 resulted from de novo synthesis, intracellular and secreted MMP-9 was measured during stimulation of neutrophils. The total MMP-9 values (the sum of intracellular and secreted MMP-9) before and after stimulation were mainly unaltered. The enhanced MMP-9 levels induced by peptidoglycan was attenuated by inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), (SB202190, 25 μM) and ERK1/2 (PD98059, 25 μM) and inhibitors of Src Tyrosine kinase (PP2, 5 μM) and PI3-K (LY294002, 25 μM).
Brief exposure of neonatal testis cells to EGF or GDNF

In recent decades, testicular cancer rates have quadrupled in young men while sperm counts have dropped by half. Both conditions may be related to exposure of fetuses or infants to noxious substances causing disruption of normal testis development. To study the effects of any putative factor on testis development, we established an animal model of testis tissue regeneration. We collected newborn piglet testes after routine castration, used enzymes to completely dissociate testis cells, exposed the cells to two key growth factors (EGF or GDNF), and implanted the cells under the back skin of recipient mice, acting as live incubators. We then examined implant samples after 2, 4, or 8 weeks, and assessed testis regeneration. Overall, the high dose of each growth factor had adverse effects on formation of normal testis. Therefore, this novel implantation model may also be used to study the effects of potentially harmful substances on testis development. Page 1 of 42 Accepted Manuscript published as RAF-21-0057.R1. Accepted for publication: 28-Feb-2022
Pelaksanaan pengurusan kurikulum dalam kalangan guru-guru sekolah menengah kluster daerah Johor Bahru

The purpose of this study is to investigate the element of curriculum management among teachers at secondary school in Johor Bahru. There are five objectives constructed for this study which are to determine the level of implementation of curriculum planning among secondary school cluster teachers, determine the level of implementation of curriculum organizing among secondary school cluster teachers, determine the different level of implementation of the curriculum planning in terms of the experience, to determine the different level of implementation of the curriculum organizing in terms of the experience, and to identify the obstacles encountered in the implementation of the school curriculum. This study reviews the use of quantitative methods in which the data is obtained entirely through questionnaire form. A total of 79 respondents participated in this study are the teachers which are not from the administrators. All data were analyzed using the software Statistical Package For Social Science Version 16.0 . Data were analyzed descriptively to see the percentage and the mean level of variables and inference involving one way ANOVA test . The findings mean analysis showed curriculum planning and management of the curriculum is at a high level with a mean value are respectively 4:13 and 4:10 . ANOVA showed no significant differences for the planning and organizing based on the teaching experiences with significant value , respectively p = 0.25, and p = 0:17 . Finally, the key barriers identified in the implementation of the curriculum is teacher workload factor , the factor of the administration, teachers, facility factors and student factors . At the end of the writing as well, researchers have put forward some suggestions for future research and further study as a reference .
Heat transfer in minichannels and microchannels CPU cooling systems

A CPU functioning is extremely complex and it was experimentally revealed that a direct dependence between working speed and cooling degree exists. When the contact between two surfaces is imperfect, the specific thermal resistance of interface layer suddenly increases, so it became of frequent use to apply diverse materials between the CPU and radiator. These materials should both fill the gaps occurred due to surfaces roughness, material's fatigue, loading pressure etc. and transfer as much heat as possible during a short period of time. In order to ensure an appropriate cooling, other complementary methods are used, such as coolers, water or other liquids cooling, Peltier effect and even freon micro-refrigerating systems. In either situation, there are micro or nano channels through which fluids flow and thermal exchange takes place. The present paper aims to analyze the heat transfer under the mentioned conditions, considering the micro or nano scale dimensions of the channels. The thermal calculus can differ with respect to Kn number and for this case for thermal modelling diverse mathematical models can be realized. The model used is validated by comparing the results to numerical results obtained by authors from literature.
Sea‐to‐air CO2 flux from 1948 to 2003: A model study

Trends and variability in the ocean‐atmosphere CO2 flux and the uptake of anthropogenic CO2 are simulated for the period 1948–2003, using a biogeochemical carbon cycle model (HAMOCC5) coupled online to a global ocean general circulation model (MPI‐OM). The model is forced by daily National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data from 1948 to 2003. We find a global interannual variability of ±0.50 PgC yr−1 (2σ) which is largely dominated by ocean dynamics in the equatorial Pacific. On decadal scale, two patterns are of global importance. First, the regime shift that occurs in 1975–1977 when the modeled interannual variability of the equatorial Pacific changes from ±0.32 PgC yr−1 to ±0.23 PgC yr−1 and the mean outgasing of CO2 decreases from 0.70 PgC yr−1 to 0.58 PgC yr−1. Second, the trend that occurs in the Southern Ocean, where we find an increase of the CO2 fluxes over the full 56‐year simulation period. The flux results from stronger upwelling and deeper mixed layers which are caused by increasing wind velocities. We estimate an average CO2 flux into the ocean of 1.49 PgC yr−1 for 1980–1989 and 1.74 PgC yr−1 for 1990–1999, with extremes of 1.20 PgC yr−1 at the La Niña event in 1996 and 2.10 PgC yr−1 during the El Niño events in 1993 and 1998. Because of the rising buffer factor, the uptake of anthropogenic CO2 is slowing down in regions of shallow mixing toward the end of the simulation. Overall, about 124 Pg of anthropogenic carbon has accumulated in the model ocean until the end of 2003.
Investor Protection, Ownership, and the Cost of Capital 1

This paper combines the agency theory of the firm with risk diversification incentives for insiders. Principal-agent problems between insiders and outsiders force insiders to retain a larger share in their firm than they would under a perfect risk diversification strategy. We predict that this higher share of insider ownership and the resulting exposure of insiders to higher idiosyncratic risk will result in underinvestment and higher cost of capital. Using firm-level data from 38 countries, the authors provide evidence in support of their theoretical model, showing that the premium for bearing idiosyncratic risk varies between zero and six percent and decreases in the level of outside investor protection. The results of the paper imply that policies aimed at strengthening investor protection laws and their enforcement will improve capital allocation and result in higher growth. 1 The opinions, analysis and conclusions of this paper are solely our own and do not necessarily represent those of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the Council of Economic Advisors, or the World Bank. We are grateful to
Investor Protection, Ownership, and the Cost of Capital 1

We investigate the cost of capital in a model with an agency con ‡ict between inside managers and outside shareholders. Inside ownership re ‡ects the classic tradeo¤ between incentives and risk diversi…cation, and the severity of agency costs depends on a parameter representing investor protection. In equilibrium, the marginal cost of capital is a weighted average of terms re ‡ecting both idiosyn-cratic and systematic risk, and weaker investor protection increases the weight on idiosyncratic risk. Using …rm-level data from 38 countries, we estimate the predicted relationships among investor protection, inside ownership, and the marginal cost of capital. We discuss implications for the determinants of …rm size, the relationship between Tobin's Q and ownership, and the e¤ect of …nan-cial liberalizations. 1 The opinions, analysis and conclusions of this paper are solely our own and do not necessarily represent those of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the Council of Economic Advisors, or the World Bank. We are grateful to
Temperatures of Granulite-facies Metamorphism: Constraints from Experimental Phase Equilibria and Thermobarometry Corrected for Retrograde Exchange

This study assesses temperatures of formation of common granulites by combining experimental constraints on the P±T stability of granulite-facies mineral associations with a garnet± orthopyroxene (Grt±Opx) thermobarometry scheme based on Al-solubility in Opx, corrected for late Fe±Mg exchange. We applied this scheme to 414 granulites of mafic, intermediate and aluminous bulk compositions. Our findings suggest that granulites are much hotter than traditionally assumed and that the P±T conditions of the amphibolite±granulite transition portrayed in current petrology textbooks are significant underestimates by over 100 C. For aluminous and intermediate granulites, mean corrected temperatures based on our method are 890 17 and 841 11 C, respectively (uncertainties reported as 95% confidence limits on the mean), consistent with minimum temperatures for orthopyroxene production by fluid-absent partial melting in these bulk compositions. In contrast, mean temperatures based on Grt±Opx Fe±Mg exchange equilibria, using the same thermodynamic data, are 732 22 and 723 11 C, respectively, well below the minimum temperatures for Opx stability. For mafic granulites, the mean corrected temperature using our method is 816 12 C, similar to the mean temperature of 793 13 C from Fe±Mg exchange. Reasons for the differences between the mafic granulites and aluminous±intermediate granulites are unclear but may be due to the lower Al concentrations in Opx in the mafic rocks and possible deficiencies in the thermodynamic modelling of these low concentrations. We discuss a number of well-known granulite terrains in the context of our findings, including the Adirondacks, the Acadian granulites of New England, the incipient charnockites of southern India and Sri Lanka, and the Kerala Khondalite Belt. Our findings carry implications for thermotectonic models of granulite formation. A computer program to perform our thermobarometry calculations, RCLC, is available from the Journal of Petrology website at http://www.petrology. oupjournals.org or from the authors at http://www.geo. ucalgary.ca/ pattison/drm_pattison-rclc.htm.
Peningkatan Mutu Layanan Pesantren Pemberdayaan Lansia “Mukti Mulia”

Tujuan dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah Peningkatan Mutu Layanan Pesantren Pemberdayaan Lansia Mukti Mulia yang berlokasi di Padukuhan Bakungan, Desa Wedomartani Kecamatan Ngemplak Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Jumlah penduduk Bakungan 1.151 jiwa, sebanyak 24 % merupakan penduduk usia pra-lansia dan lansia. Seiring pertambahan usia, lansia mengalami kemunduran fisik dan mental yang menimbulkan banyak konsekuensi (Risdianto:2009; Indra: 2010), pendengaran menurun, penglihatan kabur, dan kekuatan fisikpun mulai melemah. Kehidupan yang harus dilalui manusia merupakan keadaan komplek tidak hanya faktor bilogis, tetapi juga faktor psikologis dan sosial (Kusumowardani, Aniek:2014). Melihat kenyataan ini, maka RT-01 sampai dengan RT-05 di Padukuhan Bakungan membentuk Pesantren Pemberdayaan lansia diberi nama “Mukti Mulia” dengan tujuan: (1). Mendukung tercapainya umur harapan hidup secara nasional 70-80 tahun; (2). Membantu meningkatkan kualitas hidup lansia. Adapun kegiatan yang dilakukan meliputi:(1). Senam dan jalan sehat; (2). Syi’iran dan asmaulhusna; (3). Pengajian; (4). Pemeriksaan kesehatan; (5). Iqra; (6). Tabinruta; (7). Tabungan infak rumah; (8). Pemberian makanan tambahan; (9). Manasik haji; (10). Pelatihan perawatan jenazah. Kegiatan seperti ini dilakukan secara rutin setiap hari ahad minggu pertama dan minggu kedua setiap bulan. Guna mengatasi permasalahan mitra tersebut maka ditawarkan solusi untuk menata ulang lingkungannya serta melengkapinya dengan tenda serta sound system yang memadai sehingga kegiatan dapat berjalan dengan lancar dan menyenangkan sebagai upaya meningkatkan kualitas hidup lansia (Yenny Marlina:2013). Solusi yang diberikan ini merupakan kegiatan peningkatan mutu layanan yang mendapatkan respon positip dari para lansia peserta pesantren serta memberikan dorongan untuk melaksanakan kegiatan ini secara rutin dan bermakna, sehingga tujuan dapat tercapai.
Twentieth century sea‐ice trends in the Ross Sea from a high‐resolution, coastal ice‐core record

We present the first proxy record of sea‐ice area (SIA) in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, from a 130 year coastal ice‐core record. High‐resolution deuterium excess data show prevailing stable SIA from the 1880s until the 1950s, a 2–5% reduction from the mid‐1950s to the early‐1990s, and a 5% increase after 1993. Additional support for this reconstruction is derived from ice‐core methanesulphonic acid concentrations and whaling records. While SIA has continued to decline around much of the West Antarctic coastline since the 1950s, concurrent with increasing air and ocean temperatures, the underlying trend is masked in the Ross Sea by a switch to positive SIA anomalies since the early‐1990s. This increase is associated with a strengthening of southerly winds and the enhanced northward advection of sea ice.
Reduction of Tribocorrosion Products When Using the Platform-Switching Concept

The reduced marginal bone loss observed when using the platform-switching concept may be the result of reduced amounts of tribocorrosion products released to the peri-implant tissues. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the tribocorrosion product release from various platform-matched and platform-switched implant-abutment couplings under cyclic loading. Forty-eight titanium implants were coupled with pure titanium, gold alloy, cobalt-chrome alloy, and zirconia abutments forming either platform-switched or platform-matched groups (n = 6). The specimens were subjected to cyclic occlusal forces in a wet acidic environment for 24 h followed by static aqueous immersion for 6 d. The amount of metal ions released was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Microscopic evaluations were performed pre- and postimmersion under scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy X-ray for corrosion assessment at the interface and wear particle characterization. All platform-switched groups showed less metal ion release compared with their platform-matched counterparts within each abutment material group (P < 0.001). Implants connected to platform-matched cobalt-chrome abutments demonstrated the highest total mean metal ion release (218 ppb), while the least total mean ion release (11 ppb) was observed in the implants connected to platform-switched titanium abutments (P ≤ 0.001). Titanium was released from all test groups, with its highest mean release (108 ppb) observed in the implants connected to platform-matched gold abutments (P < 0.001). SEM images showed surface tribocorrosion features such as pitting and bands of fretting scars. Wear particles were mostly titanium, ranging from submicron to 48 µm in length. The platform-matched groups demonstrated a higher amount of metal ion release and more surface damage. These findings highlight the positive effect of the platform-switching concept in the reduction of tribocorrosion products released from dental implants, which consequently may minimize the adverse tissue reactions that lead to peri-implant bone loss.
Are We Explaining Consciousness Yet? C O G N I T I O N

Theorists are converging from quite different quarters on a version of the global neuronal workspace model of consciousness, but there are residual confusions to be dissolved. In particular, theorists must resist the temptation to see global accessibility as the cause of consciousness (as if consciousness were some other, further condition); rather, it is consciousness. A useful metaphor for keeping this elusive idea in focus is that consciousness is rather like fame in the brain. It is not a privileged medium of representation, or an added property some states have; it is the very mutual accessibility that gives some informational states the powers that come with a subject's consciousness of that information. Like fame, consciousness is not a momentary condition, or a purely dispositional state, but rather a matter of actual in¯uence over time. Theorists who take on the task of accounting for the aftermath that is critical for consciousness often appear to be leaving out the Subject of consciousness, when in fact they are providing an analysis of the Subject, a necessary component in any serious theory of consciousness. 1. Clawing our way towards consensus As the Decade of the Brain (declared by President Bush in 1990) comes to a close, we are beginning to discern how the human brain achieves consciousness. Dehaene and Naccache (in this volume) see convergence coming from quite different quarters on a version of the global neuronal workspace model. There are still many differences of emphasis to negotiate, and, no doubt, some errors of detail to correct, but there is enough common ground to build on. I agree, and will attempt to re-articulate
Glyoxalase activity in sham- and partially hepatectomized rats.

In male rats, hepatic glyoxalase activity and reduced glutathione, the cofactor for this enzyme system, approximately double 12 hr after partial (2/3) or sham hepatectomy, in which the liver lobes were handled during the sham operation. These changes precede by 10 to 12 hr the anticipated DNA synthesis after partial hepatectomy and by about 24 hr the smaller, but prolonged, DNA synthesis that occurs in peripheral hepatic cells after this type of sham hepatectomy. These findings indicate that the hepatic glyoxalase system is responsive to operative stress prior to increments in DNA synthesis and mitosis. Whether or not it regulates intracellular levels of methylglyoxal, a cell growth inhibitor, and thereby regulates cell division as postulated by Szent-Gyorgyi, remains to be established.