Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The space of user aggression in Human-Robot Interaction

Aggression as a social behaviour towards technology has been highlighted in Human-Computer Interaction over a decade ago and recently found a renewed interest in the niche of robot abuse. However, a lack of operationalisation and definition of this behaviour resulted in specific-domain observations that hinder generalisations of the determinants that explain it. This paper presents a theoretically grounded workshop that aims to explore how university students imagine aggression towards robots through speculative design. A total of 69 participants, divided into seven workshops, took part in elaborating stories of aggression towards robots using the inspiration cards “Humans against Robots”. The results highlighted nuances of aggression that do not entirely fit the traditional definitions of psychological aggression, nor the term abuse, prompting a new operationalisation of this concept. Aggression towards robots is presented using four different behaviours: 1) Outburst against annoying tools; 2) Clash with conflicting companions; 3) Oppression of faithful tools; 4) Rebellion against unfriendly companions. These forms are represented in an orthogonal space according to the function of aggression (reactive vs proactive) and the identity attributed to the robot (subject vs object). This paper supports the importance of investigating sociotechnical imaginaries to understand the heterogeneity of behaviours and determinants that can explain aggression against robots. The space of user aggression in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) allows for distinguishing between the different sociotechnical imaginaries that aggression against robots evokes and that designers and researchers might consider when exploring this topic.
SMALL AREA ESTIMATION TO STUDY THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION

We study the feasibility of producing relevant statistics to measure the impact of globalization in the Canadian economy. In this project we require means of key economic variables for the wholesale industry at the level of “Trade Group” by “Province” by “Globalization Indicators”. We consider small area estimation using area level models with random effects and use penalized splines in order to accommodate departures from linearity. We propose a new bootstrap method to estimate the mean squared errors of the small area estimators. We illustrate the methodology with data from a particular trade group.
On the Consistency, Discriminative Power and Robustness of Sampled Metrics in Offline Top-N Recommender System Evaluation

Negative item sampling in offline top-n recommendation evaluation has become increasingly wide-spread, but remains controversial. While several studies have warned against using sampled evaluation metrics on the basis of being a poor approximation of the full ranking (i.e. using all negative items), others have highlighted their improved discriminative power and potential to make evaluation more robust. Unfortunately, empirical studies on negative item sampling are based on relatively few methods (between 3-12) and, therefore, lack the statistical power to assess the impact of negative item sampling in practice. In this article, we present preliminary findings from a comprehensive benchmarking study of negative item sampling based on 52 recommendation algorithms and 3 benchmark data sets. We show how the number of sampled negative items and different sampling strategies affect the consistency and discriminative power of sampled evaluation metrics. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of sparsity bias and popularity bias on the robustness of these metrics. In brief, we show that the optimal parameterizations for negative item sampling are dependent on data set characteristics and the goals of the investigator, suggesting a need for greater transparency in related experimental design decisions.
Managing Common Property: Irrigation in India and the Philippines

PART ONE: A THEORETICAL MODEL Irrigation as Common Property PART TWO: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Irrigation Policy in Philippines Irrigation Policy in India PART THREE: CASE STUDIES Traditional Type of Organisation A Modernised System Tambraparni Tamilnadu Organisation in Canal Irrigation Communal Irrigation Systems in Philippines Misplaced Emphasis PART FOUR: CONCLUSION Techno-Economic Basis of Co-operation
The Aggregate Demand for Treasury Debt

Investors value the liquidity and safety of U.S. Treasury bonds. We document this by showing that changes in Treasury supply have large effects on a variety of yield spreads. As a result, Treasury yields are reduced by 72 basis points, on average over the period from 1926-2008. The low yield on Treasuries due to their extreme safety and liquidity suggests that Treasuries in important respects are similar to money. Evidence from quantities supports this idea. When the supply of Treasuries falls, reducing the overall supply of liquid and safe assets, the supply of bank-issued money rises. ∗Respectively: Northwestern University and NBER; Northwestern University, NBER and CEPR. We thank Ricardo Caballero, Mike Chernov, Chris Downing, Ken Garbade, Lorenzo Garlappi, Robin Greenwood, Dimitri Vayanos, Sam Hanson, Mike Johannes, Bob McDonald, Monika Piazzesi, Sergio Rebelo, Suresh Sundaresan, Pierre-Olivier Weill, Tan Wang, Francisco Palomino, Clemens Sialm, Gerard Hoberg, Henning Bohn, and participants at talks at UCLA, University of Chicago, Columbia University, Michigan State University, Duke-UNC Asset Pricing conference, Fed Board of Governors, University of Michigan Mitsui Life Symposium on Financial Markets, LSE-PWC conference, MIT, Moody’s-KMV, NBER AP meeting, NBER ME meeting, NBER EFG meeting, UBC Winter Finance Conference, Northwestern University, NY Fed, University of Texas-Austin, University of South Carolina, Queen’s University and the WFA for comments. Josh Davis, Chang Joo Lee, and Byron Scott provided research assistance. We thank Moody’s KMV for providing their Expected Default Frequency data, Michael Fleming for data on P2 rated commercial paper, and Henning Bohn for Debt/GDP data.
The Adjoint Is All You Need: Characterizing Barren Plateaus in Quantum Ans\"atze

Using tools from the representation theory of compact Lie groups, we formulate a theory of Barren Plateaus (BPs) for parameterized quantum circuits whose observables lie in their dynamical Lie algebra (DLA), a setting that we term Lie algebra Supported Ansatz (LASA). A large variety of commonly used ans\"atze such as the Hamiltonian Variational Ansatz, Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz, and many equivariant quantum neural networks are LASAs. In particular, our theory provides, for the first time, the ability to compute the variance of the gradient of the cost function of the quantum compound ansatz. We rigorously prove that, for LASA, the variance of the gradient of the cost function, for a 2-design of the dynamical Lie group, scales inversely with the dimension of the DLA, which agrees with existing numerical observations. In addition, to motivate the applicability of our results for 2-designs to practical settings, we show that rapid mixing occurs for LASAs with polynomial DLA. Lastly, we include potential extensions for handling cases when the observable lies outside of the DLA and the implications of our results.
Anorthosite and associated rocks in the Boehls Butte quadrangle and vicinity, Idaho

_________________________________________ _ Introduction ______________________________________ _ The anorthosite problem ____ --------------------Area studied __________________________________ _ Previous work ________________ ----______ ----__ Fieldwork _____________________________________ _ Specimen and locality numbers __________________ _ Classfica tion of the rocks ___________________________ _ Belt series ______________ _------------------Correlation ___________________________________ _ Prichard formation _____________________________ _ Stratigraphic sequence ______________________ _ Petrography ______________________________ _ Garnet-mica schist _____________________ _ Schist rich in aluminum silicates _________ _ Quartzite units ________________________ _ Lime-silicate rocks _____ --_____________ _ Ravalli group _________________________________ _ Lithology and stratigraphic sequence _________ _ Petrography ______________________________ _ Burke formation _______________________ _ Revett quartzite _______________________ _ St. Regis formation ____________________ _ Wallace formation _____________________________ _ Distribution and lithology __________________ _ Petrographic description ____________________ _ Quartzite _______________________ --___ _ Schist and the occurence of margarite in it_ Diopside-plagioclase gneiss ______________ _ Metamorphic facies of the Belt series _______ . _____ _ Structure of the Belt series ______________________ _ FauUs ____________________________________ _ Bedding __________________________________ _ Folding ___________________________________ _ Foliation _________________________________ _ Lineation _________________________________ _ Igneous rocks ____________________________________ _ Quartz dioritic suite ____________________________ _ Serpentine ________________________________ _ Hornblendite ______________________________ _ Gabbro ____________________________________ _ Quartz diorite _____________________________ _ Tonalite __________________________________ _ Plagioclase pegmatite ______________________ _ Quartz monzonitic suite ________________________ _ Quartz monzonite __________________________ _ Granite ___________________________________ _ Orthoclase dike ____________________________ _ Younger gabbro sills ___________________________ _ Dikes not directly associated with the plutonic rocks_ Metasomatic rocks _________________________________ _ Amphibolite ___________________________________ _ Mafic amphibolite __________________ . ______ _ Amphibolite of gabbroic composition _________ _ Garnet amphibolite ________________________ _ Page
Title Structural and functional assessment by hemispheric asymmetry testing ofthe macular region in preperimetric glaucoma

Purpose To investigate structural measurements of the macular area in preperimetric glaucoma (PG) patients using spectral domain optical coherence tomography with two functional measurements [10-2 Humphrey visual field (HFA) and 10-2 Microperimeter-1 (MP-1)] and by macular symmetry testing. Methods Fifteen eyes of 15 PG subjects with a retinal nerve fiber layer defect in the inferior hemisphere and 15 eyes of 15 normal control subjects were enrolled. Macular symmetry testing was performed between the superior and inferior zones by comparing zone thickness in each hemisphere. Perimetric sensitivity asymmetry was calculated with two functional measurements. Structure–function relationships between macular symmetry testing and the mean retinal sensitivity of the corresponding hemifield or perimetric sensitivity asymmetry were calculated using Spearman’s rank correlation and linear regression. Results Macular zone thickness in the abnormal hemispheres was significantly less than that in normal hemispheres in PG eyes and the corresponding hemispheres in control eyes (P \ 0.001). Macular symmetry testing was significantly lower in PG eyes compared to control eyes (P \ 0.001). HFA (10-2) and MP-1 (10-2) correlated significantly (rs = 0.81, P \ 0.0001). Macular symmetry testing values were significantly correlated with perimetric sensitivity and perimetric sensitivity asymmetry with two functional measurements (rs = 0.61, P = 0.02; HFA and rs = 0.68, P = 0.006; MP-1). Conclusions Our results suggest that macular asymmetry analysis can reveal the structure–functional relationship in PG eyes.
Sleep medicine practices in pediatric patients during the Covid-19 pandemic

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic required precautions for infection control in sleep centers. Our aim was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep medicine practices. Methods: Data of patients undergoing polysomnography and positive airway pressure titration studies prior to (2019) and during the pandemic (2020) were analyzed. In addition, the effect of taking appropriate precautions and performing SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction testing on the safety of sleep medicine practices was investigated. Results: The median age of the patients who underwent sleep studies (polysomnography + positive airway pressure titration studies) in 2019 was 7 (2.5-11.5) years (164 male, 147 female), whilst it was 9 (4-12) years (127 male, 84 female) in 2020. During the outbreak, the frequency of sleep studies increased from 3% (311 tests/10068 total number of outpatient visits in 2019) to 3.7% (211 tests/5666 in 2020). In contrast, the frequency of positive airway pressure titration studies declined from 31.8% (99 positive airway pressure titration studies/311 sleep studies) to 21.8% (46 positive airway pressure titration studies/211 sleep studies) in 2020 compared to 2019. Down syndrome was found to be the most common indication both in 2019 (20.9% of all tests) and 2020 (13.7%). Conclusions: Polysomnographies were performed at a high rate despite the pandemic. However, positive airway pressure titration studies were avoided except for urgent indications because of the potential for aerosolization. In this study, it was shown that sleep studies can be performed safely when necessary precautions are taken.
Etude numérique des écoulements instationnaires pulsés en canalisation cylindrique

Le but de ce travail est de caracteriser l'influence d'une instationnarite periodique sur le transfert thermique convectif dans un ecoulement pulse, incompressible ou compressible, laminaire ou turbulent. Le fluide est visqueux et isotrope, et l'ecoulement se developpe a la fois dynamiquement et thermiquement le long d'une canalisation cylindrique. Les equations sont celles de Navier Stokes et de l'energie pour un ecoulement axisymetrique. On suppose une modulation periodique du debit. L'ecoulement global est alors la superposition d'un ecoulement stationnaire et d'une faible perturbation periodique, ce qui permet d'utiliser la methode des developpements asymptotiques de fonctions sinusoidales dans le temps. La resolution numerique est faite a l'aide des differences finies. Le modele de turbulence utilise est de type longueur de melange avec une correction de Van Driest, developpe en canalisation cylindrique par Cebecci, Habib et Na. Les ecoulements se font a faible nombre de Mach. Les conclusions interessantes sont mises en relief par les resultats numeriques, par exemple : les fluctuations d'amplitudes de vitesse et de temperature dans les tous premiers diametres de l'ecoulement ; l'influence non negligeable des interactions des termes de couplage vitesse/temperature sur le transfert thermique local moyen. Les amplitudes de ces termes au cours de la resonance acoustique et specialement a l'entree de la canalisation peuvent avoir une contribution non negligeable sur les echanges thermiques entre le fluide et la paroi. Cependant, tant que le taux de modulation reste inferieur a l'unite, et donc en l'absence de tout courant de retour, l'apport de la pulsation sur le transfert thermique en valeurs moyennees reste faible, sauf au cours de la resonance et au voisinage immediat de l'entree.
Estimating Mutual Information for Spike Trains: A Bird Song Example

Zebra finches are a model animal used in the study of audition. They are adept at recognizing zebra finch songs, and the neural pathway involved in song recognition is well studied. Here, this example is used to illustrate the estimation of mutual information between stimuli and responses using a Kozachenko–Leonenko estimator. The challenge in calculating mutual information for spike trains is that there are no obvious coordinates for the data. The Kozachenko–Leonenko estimator does not require coordinates; it relies only on the distance between data points. In the case of bird songs, estimating the mutual information demonstrates that the information content of spiking does not diminish as the song progresses.
Chronic daily headaches

Chronic Daily Headache is a descriptive term that includes disorders with headaches on more days than not and affects 4% of the general population. The condition has a debilitating effect on individuals and society through direct cost to healthcare and indirectly to the economy in general. To successfully manage chronic daily headache syndromes it is important to exclude secondary causes with comprehensive history and relevant investigations; identify risk factors that predict its development and recognise its sub-types to appropriately manage the condition. Chronic migraine, chronic tension-type headache, new daily persistent headache and medication overuse headache accounts for the vast majority of chronic daily headaches. The scope of this article is to review the primary headache disorders. Secondary headaches are not discussed except medication overuse headache that often accompanies primary headache disorders. The article critically reviews the literature on the current understanding of daily headache disorders focusing in particular on recent developments in the treatment of frequent headaches.
COVID-19: Symptoms, course of illness and use of clinical scoring systems for the first 42 patients admitted to a Norwegian local hospital

E-mail: haaihl@vestreviken.no Department of Medicine and Department of Medical Research Bærum Hospital Vestre Viken He contributed to the study design, data collection and interpretation, literature search, drafting and approval of the submitted version of the manuscript. Håkon Ihle-Hansen PhD, researcher and acting senior consultant. The author has completed the ICMJE form and declares no conflicts of interest.
What explains high life satisfaction in men living with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ?

Introduction: There are increasing numbers of men with DMD (mDMD). For those struggling to live with the condition, psychological interventions may be helpful. However, it is unclear how these should be tailored for mDMD. To inform intervention, this study assessed whether 2 well-validated psychological models (Leventhal Self-Regulatory Model; Psychological Flexibility Model) could explain variation in life satisfaction (LS). Methods: Sixteen mDMD, aged 18-43, completed an online survey comprised of questionnaire measures of LS, mood, and both psychological models: Illness Perceptions (Leventhal Self-Regulatory Model); engagement in meaningful activity, and acceptance/awareness of difficult thoughts and feelings (Psychological Flexibility Model). A median split enabled comparison of high and low LS groups. Results: Those with higher LS were characterized by the ability to undertake personally meaningful activity in acceptance of difficult thoughts and feelings. Conclusion: Results supported the Psychological Flexibility Model. However, methodological limitations mean that these findings should be considered preliminary.
Flight Time Predictability: Concepts, Metrics, and Impact on Scheduled Block Time

The concept of predictability in air transportation has received increased attention in recent service quality assessments. While in ground transportation the concept of predictability has been extensively studied, there is little literature in air transportation. In this paper, a systematic review of the analogy regarding travel time reliability, or predictability between the two types of transportation is conducted. New concepts of flight predictability and different approaches to measure it at the individual flight level are proposed. The predictability performance of the National Airspace System over the past few years is examined based on predictability measures. It is found that predictability performance has similar trends with traffic volume and flight delay. The time-based metric is further decomposed to see proportion of different contributions. Then, the relationship between flight predictability and scheduled block-time is investigated empirically. Multiple regression models are conducted with the Bureau of Transportation Statistics data. The impact of predictability is incorporated into the models with different approaches. It is found that departure delay plays a minor role in setting scheduled block-time, and that scheduled block times are insensitive to historical flight times in the upper tail of the flight time distribution.
Topographic position and land cover effects on soil organic carbon distribution of loess-veneered hillslopes in the central United States

i LIST OF TABLES . iii LIST OF FIGURES. viii CHAPTERS Introduction . 1 Literature Review . 4 Research Objectives . 9 Materials and Methods . 10 Results . 22 Discussion . 35 Conclusion . 44 REFERENCES CITED . 47 APPENDIX . 53 VITA . 81
Research article Ερευνητικό άρθρο Prevalence of failure of passive transfer of immunoglobulins in Holstein calves in Northern Greece and association with management practices

Objectives of the present study were to estimate prevalence of failure of passive transfer of immunoglobulins in dairy calves in Northern Greece and to investigate factors potentially associated with it. Four hundred and thirty seven clinically healthy calves in 30 farms were included in the study. Age of calves was 18 h to 7 d. Animals were blood sampled and serum total protein concentrations were measured by a refractometer. Two thresholds of total protein concentration were used: 5.2 or 5.5 g dL -1 . At calf level, an animal was considered to have failure of passive transfer of immunoblobulins when total protein concentrations were lower than the above thresholds. At herd level, a herd was considered to have failure of passive transfer of immunoglobulins when >20% of sampled calves had total protein concentration was <5.2 or <5.5 g dL -1 . Moreover, data on health management on the farm were collected in a purpose-built questionnaire. At 5.2 g dL -1 , 20% of the calves and 40% of the herds were considered to have failure of passive transfer of immunoglobulins; when the 5.5 g dL -1 threshold was used, respective prevalences were 26% and 53%. At herd level, mean blood serum total protein concentration tended to be positively affected by a short interval between birth and first colostrum meal, by maintenance of a stock of frozen colostrum and by establishment of a close-up group of dry cows. calf level, the same factors had a statistically all the above findings that many farmers are not well informed for management practices that have to implement to ensure adequate amounts of immunoglobulins to newborn calves. Hence, dissemination of knowledge concerning best management practices for achieving adequate passive immunity is considered to be of significant importance.
Growth of dry dipterocarp forest tree species

Permanent plots were established in 1972. To study growth and dynamics of the undisturbed dry dipterocarp forest. Under such condition their were 31 species, 465 stems, and 106.65 m2 wood volumes of trees of 10 cm dbh or more per hectare. Average diameter growth rate of all species was from 1.0 to 2.5 mm. /year. The diameter growth of Pterocarpus parvifolius (3.0 / 4.5 mm./year). Pentacme siamensis (1.0 to 4.5 mm./year) were relatively fast when compared to other slow growing species such as Shorea talura (1 mm./year). Diameter growth was related to crow condition and vigor. Net volume growth was 1.86 m3/ha/year, mortality 0.33 m3/ha/year, and ingrowth 0.46 m3/ha/year. Survival seems to increase with diameter. Under natural condition when fire occurs frequently, the number seedling recruit growing beyond breast height was about 15 stems/ha/year. Forest fire has pronounced effect on stand structure, causing the decrease of small stems. No single species has diameter distribution following the classical L-shaped curve. Under fire protection seedlings of Shorea talura require 7 years to reach the height that can with stand fire