Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lumpy skin disease in cattle in central Ethiopia: outbreak investigation and isolation and molecular detection of lumpy skin disease virus

The study was a combination of two investigations into active outbreaks of lumpy skin disease (LSD) in cattle in central Ethiopia and a retrospective analysis of outbreak reports between January 2007 and December 2011 covering the entire country. Active outbreaks were investigated in four districts of central Ethiopia: Adama, Wenji, Mojo and Welenchiti. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to acquire data at individual and herd levels, and tissue samples were collected for viral isolation and characterisation. The retrospective analyses showed that, during the five-year period, a total of 1,675 outbreaks were reported, with 62,176 cases and 4,372 deaths. The highest numbers of outbreaks were reported in Oromia (1,066), followed by Amhara (365) and the Southern Nations, Nationalities and People's Region (123). Outbreaks were more frequently observed between September and December and the highest number of outbreaks was reported in 2010. During the period studied, a total of 2,174 local zebu cattle were clinically examined and morbidity and mortality rates of 13.61% (296) and 4.97% (108) were recorded, respectively. Analysis of the active outbreaks revealed a relatively consistent morbidity rate, with the highest observed in Adama (15.38%), followed by Wenji (10.26%). The highest mortality rates were also observed in Adama (5.89%) and Wenji (3.42%). The LSD virus was isolated from 22 samples and all tested positive in polymerase chain reaction analysis. The disease was observed in the cattle regardless of previous vaccination with Kenyan sheep-and goat-pox vaccine; thus, vaccine efficacy was assessed under field conditions and the authors' findings, together with a possible remedy, are presented in this paper. Keywords Cattle – Ethiopia – Feedlot – Lumpy skin disease virus – Outbreak.
Legal coercion of substance abusers; investigation, treatment and outcome

Commitment to involuntary care is a multistage process comprising many different aspects; legal, psychological, medical, social and ethical among others (Schottenfeld,1989; Klag, O’Callaghan & Creed, 2005; Kleinig, 2004). It can also be analyzed from the perspective of a continuum starting from the report to the legal and social authorities, the investigations on whether to commit or not, the actual commitment and aftercare following involuntary treatment. Enhancing knowledge on the total process of commitment requires intense research studies with an application of a wide array of research methods. To investigate the experience of the person subjected to investigation and commitment is especially challenging because of the violation of the individual’s right to make decisions concerning his own life (Kjellin & Nilstun, 1993; Eriksson & Westrin, 1995; Lidz, Hoge, Gardner et al., 1995). The legislation can also be an impediment to apply the state-of-the-art design of randomised controlled trials due to obligating legislation and require the use of different types of designs, for example quasi-experimental (Geller, McDermeit, Grudzinskas Jr et al., 1997; Maddux , 1988).
Emergency Contraceptive Pill Knowledge, Attitudes and Dispensing Practices of Pharmacists in Ibadan and Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria

Use of Emergency Contraceptive Pills (ECP) is desirable in Nigeria where there is high rate of unwanted pregnancy. Pharmacists are expected to play important role in promoting use of ECP but few studies have assessed their knowledge, attitude and dispensing practice of this product in Nigeria. A total of 211 randomly selected pharmacists practicing in Ibadan and Lagos metropolis completed a questionnaire that assessed knowledge about ECP, attitude towards this contraceptive and actual dispensing practices. The results showed that the mean age of the respondents was 38.8 (10.9) years. There were more male (57.3%) than female respondents (42.7%). The overall mean knowledge scores for the sample was 8.9 (SD: 2.6) out of 18. No significant difference was found in mean knowledge score of male (9.0) (± 2.6) and female respondents (8.9) (±2.8) (p>0.05). Respondents who had practiced for up to 30 years had significantly higher score (9.1) than those with less years of experience (7.7) (p< 0.05). Forty-three percent claimed they had religious or moral (46.9%) objection to dispensing ECP. The majority (79.1%) had ever dispensed ECP whereas 21.9% had never done so. Of the 167 respondents who had ever dispensed, 94.6% had a stock of ECP on the day of their interview. More respondents from Ibadan than Lagos had ever dispensed ECP (p<0.05). More community (80%) than hospital based (60%) pharmacists had dispensed ECP (p<0.05). Only 17.5% of those who had ever dispensed ECP had ever received a formal training on the mode of action of this drug. Although majority had dispensed ECP, their knowledge of the drug is limited. There is need for pharmacists to receive continue education on ECP to enable them serve better the clients who need this service.
Noviembre

Si el Pleno de la Comisión, en ejercicio de su autonomía e independencia, tiene facultad para expedir su propio régimen de estipendios, no estando obligado a sujetarse a la escala expedida por la Secretaría Nacional Técnica de Desarrollo de Recursos Humanos y Remuneraciones del Sector Público SENRES, tanto para el nivel jerárquico superior como para los funcionarios, así como al límite que establece el Art. 206 del Reglamento a la LOSCCA.
Processed Complementary Foods: Summary of Nutritional Characteristics, Methods of Production and Distribution, and Costs

The cost of feeding Latin America's children is high, when viewed in the context of public expenditures on food. The need to increase the cost-effectiveness of such expenditures, coupled with the growing interest in partnerships between the public and private sectors and increases in urbanization, female employment, and household food expenditures, suggests a potential role for processed complementary food in the prevention of malnutrition. The nutritional characteristics of the various foods currently used in nutrition and health programmes are variable, depending on the scientific information available when the food was formulated. A growing interest in the role of the private sector in public health interventions is evidenced by the number of programmes in which such a collaboration exists. The cost of production per 100 g of dry product varies from US$0.04 for World Food Programme blended foods to approximately US$0.20 for recently formulated foods with a significantly higher fat content for national programmes in Mexico and Peru. The constraints and challenges for harnessing the potential of processed complementary foods to improve infant and child nutritional status are numerous. However, the multifactorial causation of child malnutrition points to the importance not only of ensuring access to the appropriate mix of foods, but also of promoting optimal breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices and care.
Greek Hauntologies and Disjointed Times: Temporality and Tropes of Indebtedness from British Aestheticism to the Current European Crisis

Abstract:This article explores the ways in which the cultural capital of classical antiquity informs political, ideological, and literary discourses on the current multifaceted crisis in Europe. Such discourses are also compared to late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century aestheticist interrogations of hegemonic, capitalist economic principles. The main focus of the paper is on Greece and its ambivalent position in Europe, which the author defines in terms of what he calls ‘paramarginality’. In this article, it is argued that ‘paramarginality’ in contemporary ideological debates is closely connected to problematised conceptualisations of time and indebtedness. Economic crisis is, thus, often perceived and represented also as a crisis of temporality — a major symptom of post-capitalist dividualism.
Mitakuye Oyasin (We Are All Related): Connecting Communication and Culture of the Lakota

Abstract:This essay explores the connections between traditional culture and communication practices of the Lakota. Data were gathered through observation, interviews with elders, and archival analysis conducted primarily with the Sicangu Lakota of the Rosebud Reservation in South Dakota with additional data from the Oglala Lakota of Pine Ridge and Dakota of Lake Traverse Reservations. The central principle of Lakota philosophy that emerged from the research was the concept of mitakuye oyasin (translated as “we are all related” or “all my relatives”). From the core principle of mitakuye oyasin another cultural principle emerged— respect. Based on those cultural principles, the Lakota developed an extensive value system including the prevalent values of bravery, generosity, fortitude, and wisdom. This value system affected the growth of their kinship system and related cultural communication practices such as avoidances, use of silence, and minimal eye contact.
The State of LGBT and Queer Research in Higher Education Revisited: Current Academic Houses and Future Possibilities

Abstract:We explored how scholars have examined LGBTQ identities and the epistemologies used during the past 10 years to reveal the current state of LGBT and queer research in higher education. After highlighting the recent sociohistorical context and the reason why it is important to revisit the state of LGBT and queer scholarship, we use ball culture and the house system as metaphors to discuss the current state of research. Namely, we identified how scholars have illuminated perspectives on perceptibility, climate, outcomes of academic and cocurricular engagement, and student success for LGBTQ individuals in higher education.
Can Less Be More for Students At-Risk for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders: Evaluating Components of Check-In/Check-Out

Abstract:Check-in/Check-out (CICO) is one of the most commonly utilized and well-established Tier 2 interventions (Horner, Sugai, & Lewis, 2015). Evaluation of CICO components is necessary to inform implementation of adequate prevention and intervention services, as well as evidence-based modifications of intervention intensity for students at risk of developing more severe problem behaviors. The current study utilized a multiple baseline design to examine the minimum amount of in-class feedback required to reduce student problem behavior and increase appropriate behaviors for three fifth grade students in the general education classroom. For all three participants, the first phase evaluated student response to the implementation of morning check-in and afternoon check-out only. Additional in-class feedback was provided for one participant. Results suggest that CICO may be effective in reducing student problem behavior without full implementation of in-class feedback.
Assessment of Perception of New Entrant MBBS Students about Anatomy as a Medical Subject

The corpus of knowledge in the subject of anatomy forms the basis of future clinical courses and specialities. Therefore, it is unimaginable to make a good and sound medical professional without adequate mastery of Anatomy among other basic sciences . The present study on medical students from two college of the State of West Bengal reflects the perception of the subjects' clearly.This also shows some of the main reasons for poor performance in the subject t of anatomy. Research activities in anatomy along with allied subjects (surgical science, radiology, forensic osteology, forensic anthropology, human identification) should be encouraged. Time allocated to teaching gross anatomy in medical courses should be increased effectively.
Alloxan Induced Glycaemic Changes vis-a-vis Clinical Pattern of Acute Hyperinsulinaemic Hypoglycaemia in Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculas)

Alloxan induced diabetic rabbit models are increasingly used for diabetological investigations. However, its acute glycaemic changes and clinical effects in the species have not been described. The purpose of present study was to investigate the acute glycaemic changes and clinical pattern of alloxan induced hypoglycaemia in rabbits. New Zealand White rabbits, 1–1.5 kg body weight, were administered alloxan @100mg/kg b.w. , as single intravenous dose. Blood glucose levels were monitored (0h, 20min, 1h, and then hourly up to 5h) and clinical signs noted. Rabbits surviving up to 5 hours were given glucose therapy. Alloxan caused immediate transient hypoglycaemia, followed by hyperglycaemia, and then progressively severe hypoglycaemia. Hypoglycaemia caused characteristic behavioural alterations including lethargy, dullness, sitting quietly but appearing alert, followed by aesthesia and then muscular weakness with characteristic postural changes starting from drooping of head, lordosis, and progressing to abdominal recumbency followed by sprawling posture with torticollis, and scoliosis. Severely affected rabbits revealed intermittent convulsions and died in coma. Alloxan induced a characteristic multiphasic immediate response in rabbits similar to one reported in other rodents. The paper also describes in detail the characteristic behavioural changes associated with progression of hypoglycaemia which may serve as a guide for institution of glucose therapy.
â€œCorrelation of Magnetic Resonance Patterns of Lumbar Disc Disease with Clinical Symptomatology of Patientsâ€

Objective: To describe the patterns of degenerative changes in lumbar spine discs in correlation with cli-nical symptomatology of patients. Patients and Methods: This cross sectional analy-tical study was carried out in Radiology Department of Children Hospital Lahore, from October 2006 to Octo-ber 2007. The study included 170 patients who presen-ted with low back and leg pain. All patients underwent lumbar MRI using 1.5 T - scanner. MRI scans were evaluated for magnitude and location of nerve com-pression, disc bulge or disc herniation and the nature of nerve and thecal sac deformation and association of these findings with age, sex and clinical symptomato-logy of patients was evaluated. Results: The study included 170 patients, the age range was 20 to 79 years (mean 47 years). Disc bulge was most frequent finding seen in 128 patients (74%), disc herniation was seen in 42 patients (25%) and was common in patient with acute history of backache, while disc bulge was common in patients with chronic symptoms. Overall 131 patients (76%) had MRI evi-dence of nerve or thecal sac compression. There was no significant association between segmental distribu-tion of symptoms and presence of anatomic impair-ment. However, severe nerve compression and disc herniation were significantly associated with pain dis-tal to the knees. Conclusion: The presence of disc herniation or ipsi-lateral severe nerve compression at one or multiple sites is strongly associated with distal leg pain and sen-sory symptoms in that leg. Mild to moderate nerve compression, disc degeneration or bulging, and non disc degenerative changes are not significantly associ-ated with specific pain patterns.
Opportunities and risks in e-therapy †

The world wide web has many advantages for the psychotherapist and for the client, but it poses new challenges too. This article considers both in relation to information, disinformation and information overload; openness and availability of information; and the anomalies of being present, and able to meet other presences, in virtual space but with no physical body and with an identity that may be created for the occasion.
Effectiveness of a semantic treatment on a Cantonese anomic patient with severe semantic deficits

This study investigates the effectiveness of a combined treatment of semantic feature analysis (SFA) and semantic priming in alleviating naming difficulty in an anomic patient with severe semantic deficits. The single-subject multiple baseline design was employed to evaluate treatment progress. Results indicated treatment gains specific to trained items while generalization to untrained probe types was insignificant. The observed outcomes were consistent with previous findings that severe semantic deficits restricted the outcomes of SFA treatment. Cross-study comparison also revealed the facilitative role of better preserved access from phonological input to the semantic system in response to SFA treatment. Additionally, the mechanism behind SFA treatment was explored in relation to the patient’s
Beginning Engineering Education at Age 15 - A Japanese Perspective

Japan has recently joined the countries participating in the CDIO Initiative with concerns related to the effects of an impending population crisis and increasing demands for internationalization from the Japanese government. Kanazawa Technical College (KTC) is a unique CDIO collaborator school with regards to its place within the educational structure of Japan. As a college of technology, KTC is a vocational school that students attend after graduating at the age of 15 from a lower-secondary junior high school. This vocational education includes standard subjects required of secondary schools in Japan in addition to the specialized subjects of a chosen field. Students graduate at the age of 20 with the equivalent of a two-year college degree in addition to completing their secondary education. This puts KTC in a key position as a preparatory school for young people seeking entrance into an engineering career. This report provides an introduction to vocational education in Japan within the context of the education system. Japan’s educational history and culture are discussed with an emphasis on students joining and graduating from colleges of technology. A look at the traditional views of secondary and higher education are presented as a precursor to modern educational reforms established within the last decade. This discussion elaborates the differences in preconceptions of higher education between Japan and Western culture. Presented in light of major economic and demographic changes, these differences are driving factors in modern educational reform. Finally, the preparatory education provided by KTC is described through concrete examples of courses in the Global Information Technology department. Students are introduced to engineering concepts in their first three years that are then built upon in their later years. These engineering courses are mapped to the preparatory proficiencies added to the CDIO Initiative in 2009. Discussion will focus on the implementation of project-based hands-on activities that provide introductory engineering activities for students aged 15 to 18 years old.
Does Increasing Career and Technical Education Coursework in High School Boost Educational Attainment and Labor Market Outcomes?

abstract:Most research on the effects of participation in career and technical education (CTE) in high school has looked exclusively at labor market outcomes, overlooking potential educational benefits. In this study, we capitalize on rich statewide administrative data and a change in graduation requirements in Arkansas to understand how increased CTE exposure affects high school graduation, college going, and labor market outcomes, including initial employment and wages. Under a policy shift, students were required to take six elective courses in high school that aligned with career readiness, a category that includes all CTE courses. We document that in response to this policy, schools changed their course offerings, and that change in offerings induced subsequent changes in CTE course taking. We use this variation in offerings to estimate the effects of CTE course taking and find that taking more CTE coursework in high school positively impacted educational and labor market outcomes.
Proximate Sources of Population Sex Imbalance in India

There is a population sex imbalance in India. Despite a consensus that this imbalance is due to excess female mortality, the specific source of this excess mortality remains poorly understood. I use microdata on child survival in India to analyze the proximate sources of the sex imbalance. I address two questions: when in life does the sex imbalance arise, and what health or nutritional investments are specifically responsible for its appearance? I present a new methodology that uses microdata on child survival. This methodology explicitly takes into account both the possibility of naturally occurring sex differences in survival and possible differences between investments in their importance for survival. Consistent with existing literature, I find significant excess female mortality in childhood, particularly between the ages of 1 and 5, and argue that the sex imbalance that exists by age 5 is large enough to explain virtually the entire imbalance in the population. Within this age group, sex differences in vaccinations explain between 20% and 30% of excess female mortality, malnutrition explains an additional 20%, and differences in treatment for illness play a smaller role. Together, these investments account for approximately 50% of the sex imbalance in mortality in India.
Technology Transfer And Productivity Growth- Evidence From Indian Manufacturing Industries

ABSTRACT:Acquisition of technology and its diffusion foster productivity growth. Developing countries across the world have relied largely on technology import from developed countries for driving their technological changes. India too has been no exception. Against this backdrop, the present paper assesses the role of technology transfer in promoting productivity growth in Indian manufacturing industries. Foreign technology may be imported into a country via three channels, namely, trade channel, investment channel and license channel. India witnessed manifold increase in the importance of these channels of technology transfer since its economic liberalization in the early nineties. Using industry level secondary data on- productivity, import of capital and intermediate goods, FDI and Royalty and license fee, the present paper works out two econometric models. Model 1 evaluates changes in productivity levels within the industry importing the technology while model 2 examines changes in productivity levels of the industries upstream of the technology importing sectors. Results from two-way panel estimations show that import of technology via import of capital and other intermediate goods did lead to productivity growth in the technology importing sectors. However, this downstream import of capital goods and intermediate goods failed to penetrate and impact the productivity of the upstream input supplying sectors. Neither did downstream FDI result in improving the productivity of the upstream sectors. Thus, productivity growth that has happened in India due to technology import are those within the raw materials and capital goods importing sectors and via the trade channel of technology transfer. But unfortunately, no import penetration that positively impacts productivity has happened among domestic firms that supply inputs to either the input importing downstream sectors or the foreign invested downstream sectors. With India's renewed focus on increasing output share and productivity of manufacturing sector, such non-penetration of technology imports is definitely not good news. Usage of foreign technology to increase productivity may be a short run solution to attaining better productivity, but one has to learn from this imported knowledge and it should result in penetration and learning across industries so that the growth in productivity may be sustained over the long run.