Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) variety performance in the lowlands area of wag lasta, north eastern Ethiopia

Abstract Sorghum is the most important cereal crop in moisture deficit areas of eastern ethiopia. It is widely distributed throughout Ethiopia and it is the most important cereal in the lowland areas because of its drought tolerance. Eight released sorghum varieties were evaluated in four environments in the Wag-Hemra and Lasta in the main production season for two consecutive years (2016 and 2017). The objective of the trial was to identify high yielding sorghum varieties that possesse farmers preferred traits for production in both testing sites. The trial was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The GGE statistical model was used to analyze genotype by environment interaction and to assess the stability of sorghum variety for grain yield. A combined analysis of variance for grain yield and yield-related traits showed that the main effects of both genotypes and environments, and the interaction effect, were highly significant (P ≤ 0.001). The mean values of grain yield ranged from 1300 kg ha−1 (Dagim) to 2800 kg ha−1 (Melkam) with the overall mean values of 2100 kg ha−1. Based on the GGE biplot analysis, high yielding variety Melkam (2800 kg ha−1) showed better performance and stability across the test environments. In addition, the result of participatory variety selection (PVS) revealed that Melkam ranked first and second preferred sorghum variety in Lasta and Waghimira agro-ecologies, respectively. Therefore, we recommend Melkam for production in both agro-ecologies and similar areas of the country. This variety will play a role in enhancing farmers’ income through increasing grain yield, especially in the dry lowlands areas of Wag-himra and Lasta.
Investigation of the life cycles of novel viruses in arthropods and molecular analyses of the intracellular proliferation mechanisms of Chikungunya virus [an abstract of entire text]

Title Investigation of the life cycles of novel viruses in arthropods and molecular analyses of the intracellular proliferation mechanisms of Chikungunya virus [an abstract of entire text] Author(s) 鳥居, 志保 Citation 北海道大学. 博士(獣医学) 甲第14113号 Issue Date 2020-03-25 Doc URL http://hdl.handle. net/2115/78582 Type theses (doctoral abstract of entire text) Note この博士論文全文の閲覧方法については、以下のサイトをご参照ください。 Note(URL) https://www.lib. hokudai.ac. jp/dissertations/copy-guides/ File Information Shiho_Torii_summary. pdf
Marketing Strategy Implementation in Developing Sharia Tourism in Indonesia

: Along with the development of tourism in Indonesia, which is increasingly a lot of domestic and foreign public interest in sharia tourism, the Indonesian government is currently developing the program. It was seen that this program would have a good impact, especially for Indonesian tourism. So it is necessary to develop appropriate marketing strategies. Then to develop tourism prospects sharia government could use such a marketing strategy, for instance, marketing mix and Segmenting, Targeting
Characterization and Antagonistic Control Measures of Pichia kudriavzevii Yeast like Fungus in Brown Rot Disease of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck

Citrus sinensis is one of the most important Vitamin C containing fruit all over the world which is badly infected by brown rot disease (BRD). The present research work was designed to isolate and characterize the pathogenic fungus responsible for BRD of C. sinensis as well as evaluation of its antagonistic control measures. The causal agent of BRD was isolated and characterized using physiological, morphological and molecular methods. The pathogenic fungus was isolated from the skin of sweet orange. The isolated fungus was grown in different nutrients media, temperature, pH, sugar concentrations and different carbohydrates. The highest growth of the fungi was observed in 5% fructose containing PD broth media at 37C, pH 7.5 and 0.05gm/L NaCl concentration. PCR amplification of the isolated fungal DNA by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region products showed approximately 650bp size of clear cut band. sequencing analysis showed that the amplified its region of the fungus (GenBank Submission# SUB5672073) has 99.80% similarities with the sequences of Pichia kudriavzevii isolate 11-577 its-1 partial sequence. In pathogenicity assay, artificially infected P. kudriavzevii fungus in lemon, malta and apple fruits showed a typical brown rot disease symptoms and the isolates showed similar size of 650bp clear band for PCR products. In antifungal activity assay, the methanol extracts of Allium sativum displayed highest 17.18±0.66 mm diameter zone of inhibition against the isolated fungus. Rhizobium leguminosarum and Alternaria spp. showed significant antagonistic effect in coculture with the isolated fungus. The present research work would be helpful to control the devastating brown rot disease of Citrus sinensis.
Geographic variations in public perceptions & responses to heat & heatwave warnings

Introduction: One of the most dangerous natural hazards for population health in Australia is extreme heat, particularly for vulnerable groups. Excessive and prolonged exposure to heat can cause heat stroke, heat exhaustion, heat syncope, heat cramps, and exacerbate a number of medical conditions. The experiences of regional and rural populations is an underrepresented issue in the literature on heatwaves, and there is very little research that focuses on comparisons between differing climate regions. This study aims to examine attitudes and perceptions to extreme heat and heat warnings in regional South Australia, and how this may be influenced by climate region. Understanding how populations in diverse regional areas understand and perceive their risk is vital in understanding where public health action and policy must be aimed. Methods: Existing data from a householder survey conducted in non-metropolitan South Australia (n=251) was analysed using Pearson’s Chi-Squared test, with a Fisher’s exact test for validation of results. Significance was determined at p<0.05. The population sample was coded into three climate regions (hot, warm, and mild) for comparative analyses. Results: There were a number of findings with significant associations. In the hot and warm zones respondents were more likely to indicate that they have experienced extreme heat or heatwaves often (63.2% in hot zone and 66.7% in warm zone) in recent years, compared to sometimes. The hot zone also had the highest proportion of respondents reporting an increase (32.4%) in heatwaves or extreme heat in recent years, followed by the mild zone (25%). The warm zone had the highest proportion of respondents observing a change (17.1%). Respondents in the hot zone were also more likely to agree that their own actions can reduce the risk that heatwaves present to them and their families (83.8% strongly agree or agree), and were also more likely to agree with a statement that there will be serious health consequences in their community due to heatwaves in the future (86.5% strongly agree or agree). Recall of health warnings during heat events in recent years was high across all climate regions (average 89.3%). Of those householders that did recall warnings, the majority did take the warnings very seriously or seriously. A small proportion in the warm and mild zones did not take the warnings seriously at all (13.8% and 5% respectively). Those in
Beavers Buffering Blazes: The Potential Role of Castor canadensis in Mitigating Wildfire Impacts on Stream Ecosystems

1. Beavers (Castor canadensis) are considered ecosystem engineers due to the influence of their dam-building activities on abiotic and biotic characteristics of stream ecosystems. After near extirpation, beaver populations remain far below historical levels. 2. Beaver reintroduction has been used as a restoration tool to reverse stream incision, store groundwater, restore riparian vegetation, and create wildlife habitat. Beaver reintroduction could also help mitigate the effects of wildfire on stream ecosystems. Studies examining this interaction between beavers and wildfires are lacking. 3. In this study, we examined the impact of wildfire on stream ecosystems with and without beavers using benthic macroinvertebrates as indicators of water quality. We collected macroinvertebrates and recorded abiotic stream characteristics above and below beaver dams in burned and unburned areas in the Methow Valley, Washington. 4. Macroinvertebrate community composition varied across sites types, with higher numbers of sensitive taxa (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) generally found in unburned areas, and below dams in burned areas. Above-dam burned areas tended to have higher amounts of fine sediments, and overall showed greater variability in stream characteristics reflecting the heterogeneity among sites. 5. These findings provide preliminary backing for the hypothesis that beaver dams mitigate the impacts of wildfire on downstream ecosystems. Therefore, this work supports the assertion that beaver reintroduction presents a viable method of climate change adaptation.
O 2 and CO 2 permeability apparatus for edible casing of sausage: design and performance test

Edible casing which has good mechanical properties can substitute synthetic packaging to protect products from the evapouration of water, O 2 and CO 2 transmission, extend shelf life of product and prevent environmental pollution and it can be consumed along with product which packed in it. Therefore, it is important to evaluate permeability of edible casing in order to determine the value of water vapour transmission, O 2 and CO 2 gas transmission and thickness. The aims of this research were to determine the amount of water vapour transmission by following ASTM Standard E-96 and and evaluate gas permeability. The gas barrier properties of the casing films were analysed using manometric method (ASTM D 1434). The experimental design used in this research was Randomized Block Design with 2 factors; plasticiser type (glycerol, sorbitol, sucrose) and garlic concentration (2.5%, 5%, 10%) with three replicates. The properties evaluated were thickness and value of O 2 and CO 2 gas transmission. The results showed that type of plasticiser and concentration of garlic affect significantly on thickness, water vapour transmission, O 2 and CO 2 gas transmission. The interaction of two factors has also significantly affected on thickness, water vapour transmission, O 2 and CO 2 gas transmission. The best combination according to Zeleny method was obtained on sucrose plasticiser and garlic 5% with thickness 0.073 mm, water vapour transmission 0.56 g/m 2 /h, O 2 gas transmission 1.6 × 10 -4 cc.mm/m 2 . 24h.kPa and CO 2 gas transmission 3.4
Why People Perceive Messages Differently: The Theory of Cognitive Mapping

Aim/Purpose The paper introduces new concepts including cognitive mapping, cognitive message processing, and message resonance. Background This paper draws upon philosophy, psychology, physiology, communications, and introspection to develop the theory of cognitive mapping. Methodology Theory development. Contribution The theory offers new ways to conceptualize the informing process. Findings Cognitive mapping has a far-reaching explanatory power on message resonance. Recommendations for Researchers The theory of cognitive mapping offers a new conceptualization for those exploring the informing process that is ripe for exploration and theory testing. Future Research This paper forms a building block toward the development of a fuller model of the informing process.
The Effect of National Cultural Distance on Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions

Culture has been found to play a crucial role in M&A performance. I investigate the impact of national cultural distance on the short-term performance of cross-border M&A using a sample of 1427 public cross-border deals. To measure short-term performance I use the cumulative abnormal returns of the bidder in a period of three days around the announcement of a deal. A construct of the Hofstede culture dimension is used as a measurement of cultural distance. The results show that a larger national cultural distance between two firms leads to higher announcement returns. This effect is statistically and economically significant. The positive effect remains after controlling for deal-level and country-level variables, and including year and target country fixed effects. I do find significant evidence that the effect of cultural distance is different for bidding firms in the services industry. The individual dimensions of the Hofstede cultural distance measure are studied as well and findings show that only a distance in the dimension “masculinity vs femininity” has a statistically significant individual impact on the announcement returns. On the contrary, a distance in masculinity lowers performance for bidders in the services industry. This suggests that national cultural distance is detrimental to short-term M&A performance in the services industry when there is a larger distance in the cultural dimension masculinity vs femininity. Maarten Brekelmans
Effects of Grog Additions on Some Refractory Properties of Raw (Abusoro) Kaolin Clay Deposit for Furnace Lining

The influence of the weight of grog on some refractory properties of raw Abusoro clay samples found in Abusoro Village, Ondo State, Nigeria was evaluated. These samples were presented for refractory tests (apparent porosity, linear shrinkage, refractoriness, bulk density and cold crushing strength). The weights of the grog were varied from 20-40 wt. % in the blend. The chemical and microstructural examinations of the untreated alumino-silicate Abusoro clay samples indicated that they are abundant in silica, SiO2 (62.74wt. %) and alumina, Al2O3 (31.42wt. %). Other minor compounds found are Fe2O3 (1.43%), K2O (0.30%) with no trace amounts of MgO (0.00); therefore, they are regarded as alumino-silicate. Particular observation is made on MgO with zero amounts and the total of K2O + Na2O + MgO which are less than 2% in the clay samples. These results signify that the clay possesses high viability for manufacturing of refractory bricks, pulp and paper, ceramics, fertilizers, paint and cement. The performance evaluations of the refractory bricks measured indicated acceptable and satisfactory results vis-à-vis standard refractory properties for Original Research Article Aluko and Ikubuwaje; AIR, 21(9): 180-191, 2020; Article no.AIR. 58995 181 refractory fireclay bricks. However, the apparent porosity (43.2%) and CCS (21.21MPa) obtained for Abusoro clay sample at 30% weight of grog may as well be suitable for insulating refractory applications. The high apparent porosity could be an indication of high content of silicon oxide in the raw clay.
Macrophage Metabolism at the Crossroad of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer

The increased incidence of cancer has been attributed to raised numbers of individuals with obesity/overweight worldwide. Different types of cancers in obese individuals have poor prognosis, high remission rate and resistance to traditional therapies. Literature has identified that lipid metabolism in lipid-laden immune cells, including macrophages, abrogates anti-tumoral responses. In this review we highlight the main metabolic features observed in macrophages in obesity and cancer, and discuss how metabolic changes during metabolic diseases elicits a phenotype in macrophages that could promote malignant progression. This perspective could support new diagnosis and treatment strategies for cancer patients in immunometabolic predisposed condition.
The ABACuS Model: Atlantis in the Benguela and Agulhas Current Systems

The management strategy evaluation (MSE) process seeks to guide the selection of a management strategy by quantitatively analysing the performance and trade-offs of any candidate strategy in light of management objectives. This requires simulation of both the ecosystem and the management process. The addition of an Atlantis model for the southern Benguela ecosystem would have several immediate benefits. These include increased understanding of the relative strengths of different ecosystem modelling techniques, the potential of Atlantis to model upwelling systems, and the usefulness of Atlantis in conjunction with stock assessment models for long-term fisheries management. The approach taken over the course of the project will consist of two key parts. Firstly, the model will be designed, configured and parameterised. Secondly, the model will be used to explore alternative management strategies with regard to biological outcomes. Particular issues to be explored include the degree of compatibility between the ecosystem-level MSE approach and a suite of single-species management plans, and the bioeconomic implications of ecosystem states.
CAPABILITY AND HAPPINESS

Happiness is not the same as capability, but the matters are related. Capability is obviously required for living a happy life and happiness feeds back on capability in several ways. Capabilities affect happiness not only at the individual level, but also indirectly at the societal level. For instance: school education does not seem to make pupils any happier, but a high level of education is required for modern society that does add to happiness. Insight in the interrelations between capability and happiness is required for making policy choices. If the prime aim is greater happiness for a greater number, one must know what capabilities are most functional for happiness in the given conditions. If the cultivation of capabilities is prioritized, one must at least acknowledge the possible loss of happiness. Inspection of the available data does not reveal much conflict.
Dignity-Contributing Factors In Clinical Care Settings: A Multisite Qualitative Descriptive Study

Background. The illness treated in hospital care environment increases the risk for loss of patient’s dignity. Hence, simultaneously preventing risk of losing dignity and maintaining patient dignity is important. Nevertheless, maintaining patient dignity depends on the knowledge of the factors influencing it. The present study aimed to explore the factors associated to dignified care in clinical care settings. Method. The study design was a multisite qualitative descriptive. This study was a multisite study conducted in six general hospitals located in East Java, Indonesia. The participants involved were 40 clinical nurses recruited from 36 medical and surgical wards. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Results. Three main overarching categories contributing dignity care: nurse related factors involving commitment, competency and self-control; patient related factors involving personal traits and perception of care; and organization related factors involving staffing level and tangible resources. Conclusion . The study adds the understanding of factors contributing dignity gathered from healthcare provider viewpoints. These factors could act either as dignity-promoting factor or dignity-threatening factor. Our findings expanded the operationalization of the three areas as potential elements which could act as means to enhance dignity in care.
In vitro Exopolysaccharide Production of Some Soil Bacteria Isolated from Soil Affected by Salt

In this study, production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) from soil bacteria isolated from the salinity soil and the effects of agitation, some carbon sources such as glucose, fructose, xylose, rhamnose and NaCl levels the on production of polysaccharide playing a role in soil aggregation were studied. Maximum EPS production for Acinetobacter sp. , Pseudomonas fluorescens and Sphingomonas paucimobilis was obtained 72 h of incubation and maximum EPS production for Bacillus simplex was obtained at 96 h. Maximum EPS production was obtained at 150 rpm for all bacteria studied. Glucose gave the best result for all of bacteria. Bacillus simplex produced higher EPS and viscosity than the other bacteria. NaCl levels affected both the growth and exopolysaccharide production of the bacteria. By promoting aggregate formation, EPS produced bacteria such as S.paucimobilis, B.simplex, Acinetobacter sp. and P.fluorescens may have created favorable growth environments.
USE OF WASTEWATER AND TREATED WATER FOR Jatropha curcas CULTIVATIONAND THE POSSIBILITY OF OIL SEED

In the present work, eight water mixtures were used for germination and cultivation of Jatropha in pot experiments. The results showed that germination percentages of Jatropha seed ranged from 54 to 87% and the highest percent was recorded when irrigation with untreated drainage water (100%UDW) was used and the lowest one (54%) was observed for sample irrigated with 50% tap water+50% untreated drainage water (50%TW+50%UDW). Generally, higher germination percentages were recoded when untreated drainage water (raw) was applied and lower ones were reported when tap water was used. Characteristic fuel properties of Jatropha oil were studied to assess compatibility of blends with diesel. The relative density at 15 0 C of raw Jatropha oil is 0.876 higher than that determined for diesel (0.839). The values of the kinematic viscosity of raw Jatropha oil and diesel at 40 0 C are found to be 5.8 and 3.08 respectively. The cetane number of Jatropha raw oil determined in the present study was ranged from 46 to 70. The flash and fire point of Jatropha oil was found to be 128 0 C and 136 0 C respectively. Our results showed that higher heating value (HHV) of Jatropha oil ranged from 39.24 to 41.87 and the lower heating value (LHV) ranged from 36.53 to 38.94. The heating value (MJ/kg) for Jatropha biodiesel is lower than those reported for petro diesel, nucleus dates biodiesel and olive biodiesel but higher than those reported for castor biodiesel and coconut biodiesel. Gamal-Fakhry et al., 2016 246 Determination of iodine number of Jatropha crude oil revealed to high iodine number to be 101. Sulphur weight % in Jatropha oil determined in the present work which was 0.0024%. Specific heat capacity (SHC) of Jatropha oil determined which was 0.80 Jk -1 g -1 . Fractionation of fatty acids process was done using GC. Jatropha oil had more than 19% saturated fatty acids (C16:0, C17:0, C18:0, and C20:0) and more than 80% unsaturated fatty acids (C16:1, C17:1, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3 and C20:1). Levels of total saturated fatty acids (TSFA) in Jatropha sample are 19.16 and the most abundant fatty acid in Jatropha was palmitic acid (C16:0) followed by stearic (C18:0) and the lowest one was arachidic acid (C20:0). These results also, showed existence of odd chain saturated fatty (OCS-FAs) margaric acid C17:0 with level of 0.29. Results showed that levels of total unsaturated fatty acids (TUSFA) in Jatropha sample was 80.81 and the most abundant fatty acid in Jatropha oil was linoleic acid C18:2 followed by oleic acid C18:1 and the trienoic acid (linolenic acid C18:3) which was the lowest one.
SSR Markers Based Genetic Diversity in Nepalese Maize Landraces

Knowledge on genetic diversity is necessary for developing new varieties and managing diversity for future use. Five SSR markers were used to develop the DNA finger prints and to assess the diversity of 23 Nepalese maize landraces. Five locus-based DNA finger prints have distinguished majority of the landraces. The average number of alleles was 2 per locus. Umc1333 marker had shown the highest gene diversity, heterozygosity and polymorphism information content (PIC). At landrace level, the highest gene diversity, heterozygosity and PIC values were found in Seto Local and Seti Makai-3. 23 maize landraces formed four clusters and these clusters were related with seed color. Name of landraces also reflected genetic similarity. Genetically similar landraces can be pooled for conservation and creating dynamic diversity rich population. Distantly related landraces (Bhirkaule, Local Seto Makai, Seto Makai-1, Makai Makai-1761) can be used in breeding program. Detection of low genetic diversity might be due to bottleneck effects during the collection of these landraces from farmers. Therefore, collection strategy needs to be revised for capturing maximum diversity.