Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plankton dynamics in planktivore- and piscivore-dominated mesocosms

We present the results of a 2-months replicated mesocosm experiment, in which we assessed the effects of both planktivorous and piscivorous fish on plankton. We compared systems with 2 (zooplankton and phytoplankton), 3 (planktivorous perch - Perca fluviatilis - zooplankton and phytoplankton) and 4 trophic levels (piscivorous and planktivorous perch, zooplankton and phytoplankton). We designed the 4 trophic levels treatment in order to obtain a very strong control of the third trophic level (planktivorous perch), increasing the total nutrient budget by introducing supplementary prey fish in the enclosures. Classical cascading responses to fish were observed. In the planktivore-dominated systems, algal biomass significantly increased, whereas algal biomass was similar in the piscivore-dominated systems and in the control treatment. The two functionally even-link systems (systems with an even number (2 and 4) of trophic levels) responded in a similar way, despite the overall increased nutrient load in presence of the piscivorous fish (ca. 17% > controls). Fish seemed to induce an earlier maturity of the dominating herbivorous Ceriodaphnia: we discuss the consequences for zooplankton dynamics. Furthermore, the lack of the large-bodied Daphnia in the systems did not hinder the control of algae in even-link systems by medium-sized herbivorous zooplankton.
In vitro multiplication of willow gentian (Gentiana asclepiadea L.) and the production of gentiopicrine and mangiferin

A protocol for in vitro propagation of Gentiana asclepiadea was developed. The best multiplication rate was obtained with woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 8.9 μM BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) and 1.1 μM IAA (indole-3-acetic acid). Gibberellic acid in the presence of 8.9 μM BAP and 1.1 μM IAA stimulated shoot elongation without affecting multiplication index. Although spontaneous rooting on hormone-free medium was observed, auxins increased the rooting ability. Treatment with IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) induced a higher number of roots, while the addition of IAA caused an increase in root length. The accumulation of mangiferin and gentiopicrine, in G. asclepiadea grown in vitro, was much lower in roots than in shoots. The accumulation of gentiopicrine and mangiferin in cultured plants was significantly enhanced in the presence of cytokinins (BAP), even above the level of plants from natural habitat.
THE EFFECT OF THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY O

Various studies have explored the concept of personality schemes and the effect they have on staff motivation, satisfaction and performance. Attention has also been given to how these programs contribute to the overall realization of organizational goals. This research was conducted to determine the effect of the big five personality on job performance in Surabaya. Understanding the relations among personality dimensions and job performance is a fundamental concern of industrial-organizational psychologists. In this study, Big five personality consisting of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness to experience role as independent variables. A sample size of 100 respondents in a questionnaire method had been conducted. Researchers used the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 23.0 to run the reliability analysis, significance analysis, and correlation coefficient analysis to analyze and interpret the data. The findings of this research are (1) extraversion has a significant positive effect on job performance; (2) agreeableness has a significant positive effect on job performance; (3) Conscientiousness has a significant positive effect on job performance; (4) Neuroticism has a significant positive effect on job performance; (5) Openness to experience has a significant positive effect on job performance; and (6) extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness to experience have a significant positive effect on job performance. In addition, extraversion is the independent variable that has a dominant influence on job performance in research.
The Interpreting Ability on Science Kinematics Graphs of Senior High School Students in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

This research was a descriptive case study. The purpose of this research was to describe the student’s ability to interpret the kinematics graph. The subjects of the study were 347 students of class XI science in the even semester of 2018/2019 in Luwu Raya, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The research data were obtained from multiple-choice test results using instruments adapted from Test of Understanding Graph – Kinematics 2.6 and the results of in-depth interviews to find out the reasons learners choose answers and casual factors. The results of the study based on descriptive data analysis were 90 students or 25.94% in the low category, and 257 students or 74.06% were in the very low category. These results indicate the ability to interpret the graphs of students were still low, with the average achievement in answering questions on each of the highest indicators was 20.99 % on indicators identifying graphs based on the description. While the lowest average achievement was11.91%, which is the indicator to identify the graph that has a different variable. Base on the qualitative data analysis, the results are students had difficulties in solving the test, as follows: a) the difficulty in distinguishing symbol of the variables on the graph, b) the difficulty in determining the formula for solving test in graphical form, c) to determine when the curve on the graph v-t decreases then the object will move with speed slowed. The factors causing these difficulties are because students did not understand deeply about how to read graphs, how to solve test in graphical form, and did not understand the formula used to solve the test.
Food-Borne Pathogens and Contaminants in Raw Milk – A Review

Abstract The aim of the present review is to highlight the threats to human health posed by consumption of milk and dairy products. The interest in drinking raw milk has been growing in some societies as many people believe it has health benefits. Raw milk is promoted as ‘health food’ despite the fact that it poses a realistic microbiological hazard for the consumers’ health or life. Food-borne disease outbreaks associated with Campylobacter spp. , Salmonella spp. , shigatoxin-producing Escherichia coli, Brucella melitensis, Mycobacterium bovis and tick-borne encephalitis virus have been traced to the consumption of raw milk, however, many other microorganisms that can be present in milk are considered as potential food-borne pathogens to humans. The other common causative agents in food-borne disease outbreaks are bacterial toxins produced by Bacillus, Clostridium and Staphylococcus spp. Some of the milk pathogens harbour antimicrobial resistant genes, which can be transferred to commensal bacteria. Most dangerous are methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and extended spectrum beta lactamase/AmpC gene-carrying bacteria from the family of Enterobacteriaceae, which might negatively affect the treatment of infections in humans. Fungi are not considered as food-borne pathogens for humans, however their secondary metabolites, mycotoxins, constitute a potential threat to public health. Mycotoxins or their metabolites detected so far in milk samples include aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone and its metabolites, fumonisins, de-epoxy-deoxynivalenol and cyclopiazonic acid.
Physiological Response of Triploid Rainbow Trout to Exhaustive Exercise

Physiological changes during exhaustive exercise for 0-15 min and during the recovery process from 6 min exhaustive exercise were compared between triploids and diploids of all female rainbow trout progeny. Before the exhaustive exercise, the hemoglobin content in the spleen of triploid fish was significantly higher than that of diploids. Once the triploid fish was forced to perform exhaustive exercise, the relatively large triploid spleen was reduced to the same size as the diploid spleen until 1 min after the start of exercise. Thus the reduction in ratio of the weight of the triploid spleen with respect to the body weight with exercise was higher than that of the diploid spleen. The red blood corpuscle number significantly increased following the exhaustive exercise in both ploidies, but the ratio of increase was markedly higher in the triploid fish. The physiological recovery of triploid measured in terms of blood components following the exhaustive exercise was delayed by about 30 min compared with the diploid. The triploid fish required a longer time to recover than the diploid. Both the diploid and triploid fish recovered to their normal state 24 hours after the 6-min exhaustive exercise. Thus, it is presumed that triploids require a larger supply of red blood corpuscles to the blood during the exhaustive exercise than diploids, and the ability to supply red blood corpuscles is higher in triploids due to enlargement of the spleen.
Effects of species diversity on fine root productivity increase with stand development and associated mechanisms in a boreal forest

There is a growing interest in understanding the relationship between diversity and below‐ground productivity due to the critical contribution of below‐ground systems to overall terrestrial productivity. Yet, the temporal (seasonal and developmental) changes in diversity effects on below‐ground productivity and their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that (i) diversity effects on fine root productivity increase with stand development, and (ii) increased diversity effects associated with stand development result from augmented horizontal soil space utilization, increased forest floor depth for rooting, enhanced effects in nutrient‐poor soil layers and/or foraging towards high nutrient availability. We investigated the effects of tree species diversity on fine root productivity by sampling 18 stands dominated by single species and their mixtures in post‐fire boreal forests of two stand ages (8 and 34 years following stand‐replacing fire). Species evenness was significantly higher in species mixtures than in single‐species‐dominated stands at both age classes, while species richness did not differ across stand types and age classes. We found that the annual fine root production was higher in mixtures than the mean of single‐species‐dominated stands in both stand ages, with a significantly higher magnitude of effects in the 34‐year‐old than 8‐year‐old stands. Mixtures had higher horizontal soil volume filling than single‐species‐dominated stands with a more pronounced increase in the 34‐year‐old than 8‐year‐old stands. Compared with the 8‐year‐old stands, the 34‐year‐old stands had increased forest floor depth and greater overyielding with soil depth, and their fine root productivity was more responsive to the vertical variation in soil phosphorus concentrations among soil layers. Synthesis. Our results provide evidence for increasing positive diversity effects on fine root productivity with stand development in heterogeneous natural forests. Moreover, our results indicate that the increased positive diversity effects with stand development was the result of multiple mechanisms, including higher horizontal soil volume filling, a thicker forest floor layer for rooting, a higher magnitude of complementarity in nutrient‐poor deep soil layers and stronger nutrient foraging towards soil layers with high nutrient concentrations in older than younger stands.
Comparison of the volatile fatty acid profiles of dry and fresh kikuyu incubated with rumen fluid in vitro

Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition in Australia, Volume 15 (2005) Volatile fatty acids (VFA) are produced from the fermentation of feed organic matter by rumen microbes. In general, the quantity of VFA produced corresponds to the amount of fermentable organic matter ingested and the ratio of acetate: propionate (C2:C3) produced is altered by the rate of fermentation (Boss et al. 1996). In this study we investigated the VFA profiles of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) processed in three different ways before being incubated in vitro with bovine rumen fluid for 2.5 h. The three treatments were fresh (FRK), freeze dried (FDK) and oven dried (ODK) kikuyu. Samples of FRK (25 g fresh, 5 g dry matter) were chopped into 2–3 cm lengths whereas for FDK and ODK, 5 g dried material (1 mm sieve) was incubated with buffer and rumen fluid (Damry 2002). The rumen fluid used was collected from a heifer given a forage–based diet. Each treatment had four replicates. The concentrations of acetic, propionic, butyric, iso–butyric, valeric, and total VFA were determined from supernatants after incubation using a gas liquid chromatograph. Data were analysed using the GLM procedures of SAS (ver.8.2) to evaluate differences among treatments and means were Comparison of the volatile fatty acid profiles of dry and fresh kikuyu incubated with rumen fluid in vitro
SENSIBILIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA DOS STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLADOS NO LEITE DE VACAS COM MASTITE

RESUMO Este trabalho teve por objetivo conhecer a sensibilidade antimicrobiana “in vitro” de 72 cepas de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas em amostras de leite de vacas com mastite clinica e subclinica, em 10 propriedades rurais do Estado de Sao Paulo. Os testes foram realizados pela da tecnica de difusao em discos padronizada por Kirby-Bauer. Os principios ativos que apresentaram maior sensibilidade foram a gentamicina (98,6%) e a eritromicina (98,6%), seguidos pela estreptomicina (94,4%), oxacilina (84,7%), novobiocina (73,4%), vancomicina (72,2%), ampicilina (4,2%) e a penicilina (2,8%). Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram, ainda, que as 72 (100%) cepas estudadas apresentaram resistencia a pelo menos 2 antibioticos ou quimioterapicos e que nenhum destes principios ativos, agindo isoladamente, pode ser ativo contra qualquer das cepas experimentadas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Stahylococcus aureus, mastite bovina, antimicrobianos
BRSMG Uai: common bean cultivar with carioca grain type and upright plant architecture

The common bean cultivar with carioca grain type, BRSMG Uai, is recommended for cultivation in Minas Gerais and stands out for its upright plant architecture, which facilitates cultivation and mechanical harvesting. This cultivar has high yield potential and is resistant to the major races of anthracnose that occur in region.
No evidence for larger leaf trait plasticity in ecological generalists compared to specialists

Phenotypic plasticity is hypothesized to contribute to a species’ capacity to occupy broader ranges of conditions and to optimally exploit resource‐rich environments. Although this is supported by case studies of individual species, we do not know whether larger plasticity in functional traits is generally associated with ecological characteristics of species such as their niche breadth or niche position. Here, we test whether there is such a relationship for plasticity in leaf functional traits.
Effects of cooling on contractions of calf coronary artery: Role of the endothelium

The effects of cooling on vasoconstrictions induced by contractile agents and role of the endothelium in this effect were analyzed in calf coronary artery. Potassium chloride (KCl, 10 - 3 - 5 x 10 - 2 M), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, 10 - 9 - 3 x 10 - 4 M) and carbachol (10 - 9 - 3 x 10 - 4 M) induced concentration-dependent contractions at both 37°C and 28°C (cooling). During cooling the sensitivities, but not the maximal responses to KCl, 5-HT and carbachol were significantly lower than at 37°C. Endothelium removal or N G -nitro-L arginine methyl esther (L-NAME, 10 - 5 M) pretreatment did not modify the effect of cooling. These results suggest that cooling-induced responses in calf coronary artery are independent of endothelium (nitric oxide).
Limited effects of non-native trout on microcrustacean zooplankton in boreal foothills lakes: comparisons of stocked, unstocked, and fishless lakes

Stocking lakes with trout can have strong effects on native communities; however, the nature of impacts is not universal across receiving ecosystems. To assess effects of non-native trout, relative to native small-bodied fish, on microcrustacean zooplankton, we compared stocked, unstocked (but fish-bearing), and fishless lakes in the boreal foothills of Alberta, Canada. Relative to unstocked lakes, stocked lakes had greater richness, but otherwise showed few additional effects on microcrustacean communities. In contrast, fishless lakes supported lower abundances of Cladocera, Calanoida, and Cyclopoida, but were dominated by larger cladoceran and calanoid taxa, compared with fish-bearing lakes (stocked and unstocked). Vertical distributions also differed significantly among lake types; microcrustaceans had far higher relative abundances at 1 m than at 2 m in fishless lakes compared with fish-bearing lakes (distributions in stocked and unstocked lakes were similar). Microcrustacean communities in fishless l.
Methane emission from sheep is related to concentrations of rumen volatile fatty acids

Globally, ruminants are the most important source of emission of methane (CH4). Animal-to-animal variation in CH4 emission has genetic basis (Pinares-Patino et al., 2011), hence offering a potential mitigation avenue through animal breeding. However, for this approach to progress to practical application a rapid and reliable method of ranking animals for their CH4 emissions is required. Microbial fermentation of feed in the rumen produces volatile fatty acids (VFA), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), ammonia and heat. A last step in the process is the reduction of CO2 to CH4 by Archaea using H2 as a source of energy. Formation of both acetic and butyric acids is accompanied by the production of H2 and CO2, whereas propionic production involves a net uptake of H2, hence VFA profiles may be used to predict CH4 emission rates (Benchaar et al., 2001). This controlled study conducted with sheep explored the relationship between rumen VFA and CH4 emission.
Identificação das principais espécies de Meloidogyne parasitas do cafeeiro no Brasil com marcadores SCAR-café em multiplex-PCR

The root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. , are one of the most important pests for several crops in Brazil and worldwide. In coffee plantations in Brazil, M. exigua, M. incognita and M. paranaensis are the most important species, and their identification is very lengthy and difficult. The correct identification of Meloidogyne spp. is very important for the choice of more appropriate control methods based on IMP. Recently, specific RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers were identified for these three species and transformed into SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) markers. The diagnostic potential of these markers was tested with fifteen populations of Meloidogyne spp. parasites of coffee in Brazil, Central America and Hawaii. The primers SCAR-coffee in multiplex-PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) allowed the correct identification of the three most important species parasitizing coffee by amplification of a specific size fragment for each species: 562 bp for M. exigua, 399 bp for M. incognita and 208 bp for M. paranaensis. No amplification was observed for the other tested species (M. arabicida, M. arenaria, M. mayaguensis and Meloidogyne spp.). The same fragments were unambiguously amplified when DNA of two or three species was mixed in different proportions. The minimum level for detection of species mixtures was estimated at 1%. The primers SCAR-coffee amplified the species-specific fragments using 1/4 of extracted DNA of a single egg-mass. The technique SCAR-Multiplex-PCR presents interest for identification of species in routine analyses allowing an exact diagnosis of eggs suspension or egg-mass. This technique is shown to be relatively fast, easy to interpret and very sensitive in the detection of mixture of species, frequently detected in field conditions in Brazil.
Behavioural Aspects of the Neonicotinoid Resistance of Myzus persicae

6 Chapter 1: Introduction.12 1.1 Lifecycle and formation of clones.12 1.2 Control and resistance of Myzus persicae.13 1.3 Neonicotinoids.14 1.4 Neonicotinoid resistance.15 1.5 Molecular understanding of neonicotinoid resistance.16 1.6 Neonicotinoid metabolism and resistance.21 1.7 Behavioural effects of insecticides.23 1.8 Hemipteran feeding physiology.24 1.9 Hemipteran feeding terminology.26 1.10 Hemipteran feeding and plant virus transmission.28 1.11 Aims and objectives.33 Chapter 2: Discerning appropriate sublethal doses.34 2.
Genetic variation for morphological and physicochemical traits in jamun (Syzygium cuminii Skeels).

Among 23 genotypes studied, maximum fruit weight (15.67 g), fruit diameter (2.68 cm) and pulp weight (11.83 g) were recorded in the genotype KJS-300. The genotype KJS-18 recorded significantly longest fruit (3.90 cm), while the shortest (2.05 cm) was recorded in genotype KJS-43. The highest pulp content (80.64%) was recorded in genotype KJS-25. The maximum pulp to seed ratio (6.17) was recorded in KJS-02 and lowest seed weight (1.17 g) was recorded in genotype KJS-24. Highest TSS (21.23%) and acidity (0.66%) was recorded in genotype KJS-03 and KJS-25, respectively. Significantly maximum TSS to acid ratio (73.75) was recorded in genotype KJS-300. Highest anthocyanin (1.36 OD) and ascorbic acid (28.17 mg/100 g) was recorded in KJS-18 and KJS-02, respectively. Highest total sugar (16.37%) and nonreducing sugar (16.36%) were registered in the genotype KJS-09. Maximum sugar to acid ratio (53.24) and reducing sugar (0.030%) was recorded in the genotype KJS-26 and KJS-43 respectively.
Isolation and Characterization of Nickel and Cadmium Tolerant Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria from Rhizosphere of Withania somnifera

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria PGPR are known to influence plant growth by various direct or indirect mechanisms. The present study aimed to isolate both nickel and cadmium tolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacterial communities of Withania somnifera. The representative PGPR strains of Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Azotobacter were tested for plant growth promoting activities and heavy metal tolerance pattern. The test rhizobacterium P-35 both metal tolerant with multiple PGP activities like IAA, ammonia, HCN, catalase etc. was subjected to seed germination test. Present study showed that seed inoculation with test bacterium significantly enhanced seed germination, root and shoot growth.