Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Hawking Information Loss Paradox: The Anatomy of Controversy

Stephen Hawking has argued that universes containing evaporating black holes can evolve from pure initial states to mixed final ones. Such evolution is non-unitary and so contravenes fundamental quantum principles on which Hawking's analysis was based. It disables the retrodiction of the universe's initial state from its final one, and portends the time-asymmetry of quantum gravity. Small wonder that Hawking's paradox has met with considerable resistance. Here we use a simple result for C*-algebras to offer an argument for pure-to-mixed state evolution in black hole evaporation, and review responses to the Hawking paradox with respect to how effectively they rebut this argument.
On Upper Tropospheric Kinematics and Severe Weather Occurrence

Abstract Upper tropospheric wind maxima and their associated divergence fields are examined in terms of severe weather occurrence. A two-part project is described. Part I involves examination of severe weather occurrences and divergence areas qualitatively evaluated in terms of upper tropospheric wind maxima quadrants and the curvature of the flow. Part II calculates synoptic-scale divergence directly from radiosonde wind data. These quantitative divergence estimates are compared with the location of upper tropospheric wind maxima, wave troughs and severe weather occurrence. It is concluded that regions of upper tropospheric divergence are present with the occurrence of severe weather and, in particular, with the occurrence of severe weather outbreaks. Several examples are presented to support the ideas discussed.
Flint sickles from graves of the Strzyżów culture in the light of use-wear analysis

The presented article aims to interpret the function of the selected flint sickles from the Early Bronze Age. For this purpose, we made a use-wear analysis of 13 sickles coming from the cemeteries of the Strzyżów culture in south-east Poland: Rogalin site 15, Hrubieszów-Podgórze site 1, Hrebenne sites 10 and 31, and Świerszczów site 5 (Hrubieszów district, Lublin province). All analyzed sickles were made of Volhynian flint and represent the sub-triangular type. As a result, we can conclude thatanalyzed tools were used mostly for harvesting cereals or other siliceous plants. They were placed in hafts made of hard organic materials, and hide or plants. Conducted studies also revealed that these objects, suitably altered (sickle tips were destroyed right before being deposited in a grave) became important grave goods.
Strong homotopy inner product of an A∞-algebra

We introduce a strong homotopy notion of a cyclic symmetric inner product of an A ∞ -algebra and prove a characterization theorem in the formalism of the infinity inner products by Tradler. We also show that it is equivalent to the notion of a nonconstant symplectic structure on the corresponding formal noncommutative supermanifold. We show that (open Gromov-Witten type) potential for a cyclic filtered A ∞ -algebra is invariant under the cyclic filtered A ∞ -homomorphism up to reparameterization, cyclization, and a constant addition, generalizing the work of Kajiura.
Crystal structures of rhodium-containing erlichmanite–laurite solid solutions (Os1–x–yRuxRhyS2: x = 0.09–0.60, y = 0.07–0.10) with unique compositional dependence

Abstract Rh-rich and Ir-poor erlichmanite–laurite OsS2–RuS2 solid solutions have been discovered at placers in Haraigawa, Misato-machi, Kumamoto, Japan. Microprobe analysis was performed to identify solid solutions containing few sub-components other than Rh. Approximately 10 at. % Rh was found to be present in the solid-solution samples. Structural refinement was performed using four natural samples: Os0.32Ru0. 61Rh0.07S2, Os0.49Ru0. 43Rh0.08S2, Os0.58Ru0. 33Rh0.08S2 and Os0.81Ru0. 09Rh0.10S2. The unit-cell parameters for the solid solutions containing Rh from Haraigawa varied from 5.61826(6) to 5.63142(8) Å. The (Os, Ru, Rh)–S distances in the Os1–x–yRuxRhyS2 system were almost constant with a small variation of 0.001 Å. Conversely, the S–S distances varied significantly, with variations approaching 0.1 Å. Rh substitution of Os rather than Ru had a larger impact on the crystal structure. The atomic displacement ellipsoid of both cations and anions was almost spherical, and no elongation along the M–S and S–S bond directions was observed. The bulk Debye temperatures were estimated from the Debye–Waller factor for the sulfide site. The bulk Debye temperatures of pure OsS2 and RuS2 were 688 K and 661 K, respectively, which suggests that the melting point of erlichmanite is higher than that of laurite. The high Debye temperature of OsS2 is inconsistent with the crystallisation of laurite prior to erlichmanite from the primitive magma, which suggests that $f_{\rm S_2}$, rather than temperature, is the main cause of the known crystallisation order. The presence of several percent Rh has a significant effect on the thermal stability of OsS2 and lowers the melting point of the erlichmanite solid solution compared to that of the laurite solid solution.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics

Received Mar 21, 2022 Revised Apr 23, 2022 Accepted May 21, 2022 The reference chaotic signal in the differential chaos shift keying (DCSK) system causes both bit error rate (BER) and security performance degradation. In this paper, a frequency hopping orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based noise reduction DCSK (FH-OFDM-NR-DCSK) system is proposed to enhance both the BER and security performance of the OFDM-DCSK system. This system combines the advantages of both FH-OFDM-DCSK and NRDCSK. Rather than creating β separate chaotic samples to utilize as a reference sequence, β/P chaotic samples are created and then replicated P times. Moving average filters of size P are applied after the frequency hopper to average the repeated chips of the reference and data-bearing signals. A new frequency hopping pattern is designed depending on the chaotic map on which the matrix pattern is designed efficiently. The performance of the proposed system is examined, and bit error rate analytic equations of the FH-OFDMNR-DCSK system over an AWGN and two-path Rayleigh fading channel are derived. The simulation results show that the theoretical BER expressions and simulation performance match. The findings show that for the same spreading factor, the proposed system outperforms the DCSK and FH-OFDM-DCSK when P>1. This method decreases noise variance and improves BER without adding to the system's complexity.
Authors' Reply to “Comments on Unique Extraction of Metamaterial Parameters Based on Kramers–Kronig Relationship”

In replying, the authors of the original work [ibid., vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 2646-2653, Oct. 2010] would like to address the comments by J.J. Barroso and U. C. Hasar ["Comments on 'A unique extraction of metamaterial parameters based on Kramers-Kronig relationship'" - see ibid., vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 1743-1744, Jun. 2012]. Their main objection is that the commentors do not take into consideration that real metamaterials has finite unit cell size, and especially, the experimentally reported double-negative metamaterials has unit cells, which are not deep subwavelength. In case of metamaterials constructed from small resonators, the strength of the resonance decreases with the decrease in the unit cell size; hence, for deep sub-wavelength elements, the strength of the resonance is not strong enough to produce negative magnetic permeability. The double-negative metamaterials can support higher order modes at frequencies that are just slightly different than the frequency region where the double-negative behavior occurs. Therefore, special care must be taken when effective material parameters are extracted, and it is not sufficient to enforce the continuity of the refractive index obtained from transmission reflection measurements or calculations because we can extract erroneous effective material parameters for frequency regions where they do not even exist.
Pressure Analysis for Horizontal Wells

This paper presents horizontal-well test design and interpretation methods. Analytical solutions are developed that can be handled easily by a desktop computer to carry out design as well as interpretation with semilog and log-log analysis. These analytical solutions point out the distinctive behavior of horizontal wells: (1) at early time, there is a circular radial flow in a vertical plane perpendicular to the well, and (2) at late time, there is a horizontal pseudoradial flow. Each type of flow is associated with a semilog straight line to which semilog analysis has to be adapted. The horizontal pseudoradial flow takes into account a pseudoskin depending on system geometry, which is a priori defined and estimated. Practical time criteria are proposed to determine the beginning and the end of each type of flow and to provide a guide to semilog analysis and well test design. The authors study the behavior of uniform-flux or infinite-conductivity horizontal wells, with wellbore storage and skin. The homogeneous reservoir is infinite or limited by impermeable or constant-pressure boundaries. A method is also outlined to transform all our solutions for homogeneous reservoirs into corresponding solutions for double-porosity reservoirs.
X-ray characteristics and the spectral energy distribution of AE Aquarii

Using data from contemporaneous observations with Chandra and Swift, it is shown that the X-ray emission below 10 keV is predominantly thermal, characterized by flares and emission lines and dominated by the soft component. The Chandra and Swift X-ray spectra (EX ≤ 10 keV) can be reproduced by multicomponent thermal emission models with a time-averaged X-ray luminosity of LX ∼ 10 31 erg s −1 . The pulsed 33-s soft X-ray emission below 10 keV is confirmed in both the Chandra and Swift data sets. The epoch of pulse maximum of the 33-s white dwarf spin period is consistent with the recently derived ephemeris based upon Suzaku measurements. The recently detected Suzaku hard X-ray component above 10 keV shows a non-thermal power-law nature, with a photon index of � ∼ 1.2, possibly the result of synchrotron emission of high-energy electrons in the white dwarf magnetosphere. The hard X-ray luminosity of LX,hard ≤ 5 × 10 30 erg s −1 also constitutes κ ∼ 0.1 per cent of the total spin-down luminosity of the white dwarf. This places AE Aquarii in the same category as young spin-powered pulsars between 2 and 20 keV. Additionally, it is shown that electrons can be accelerated to energies in excess of 10 TeV outside the light cylinder radius, providing interesting possibilities for VHE-TeV follow-up observations. The X-ray emission below EX ≤ 10 keV, on the other hand, is explained in terms of plasma heating at the magnetospheric radius, the result of the dissipation of gravitational potential energy. It is found that a conversion efficiency of α ∼ 0.01 is sufficient to heat the plasma at the magnetospheric boundary to temperatures kT ≤ 10 keV, sufficient to drive the X-ray emission below 10 keV. Only a small fraction (β ∼ 0.3 per cent) of the mass flow at the magnetospheric radius eventually accretes on to the surface of the white dwarf, emphasizing the very effective magnetospheric propeller process in the system.
Visualizing Mental Health Through the Lens of Pittsburgh Youth: A Collaborative Filmmaking Study During COVID-19

Youth mental health has been significantly impacted by COVID-19, with concerns of rising anxiety-related and depressive symptoms and reduced quality of life. This study provides a nuanced understanding of mental health stressors and supports in the lives of youth during the pandemic. Using Collaborative Filmmaking, an embodied, visual, and participatory research method, participants in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, were trained to create, analyze, and screen films about mental health. The films elucidated numerous stressors impacting youth mental health, including educational stressors (e.g., academic pressure and relationships with teachers), personal and social stressors (e.g., social and cultural expectations), and current events (e.g., the election and the political system). Supports included individual level supports (e.g., hobbies, self-care, spending time outdoors), and interpersonal level supports (e.g., family and socializing). Several themes were discussed as both stressors and supports, such as family, COVID-19, and social media. Overall, educational stressors are major contributors to adverse mental health symptoms among youth, which have been magnified by the COVID-19 pandemic. Youth discussions of the importance of self-care and engaging in healthy hobbies demonstrated strong awareness about maintaining mental health, though structural-level recommendations are still needed to improve youth mental health. Screening the Collaborative Films with the public illuminated several additional opportunities for action, including structural and social actions (e.g., changing policies and social norms around mental health). Given the structural nature of the stressors mentioned by participants, systemic changes as well as policy level action and programming are needed to address the intersectional nature of current mental health concerns among youth.
The effect of moderate alcohol consumption on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is accepted as a counterpart to alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) since it is defined as a hepatic steatosis without excessive use of alcohol. However, the amount of moderate alcohol consumption is controversial, and previous studies have shown heterogeneous evidence of whether moderate alcohol consumption is beneficial or detrimental. In this review, we compare and summarize the findings of studies with high-quality evidence for the impact of moderate alcohol consumption in NAFLD patients to date.
FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE BEAMS USING HIGHER ORDER THEORIES AND FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING

Three higher order refined displacement models are proposed for the free vibration analysis of sandwich and composite beam fabrications. These theories model the warping of the cross-section by taking the cubic variation of axial strain and they eliminate the need for a shear correction coefficient by assuming a quadratic shear strain variation across the depth of the cross-section. Numerical experiments for various lamination schemes, boundary conditions and aspect ratios are carried out to compare these models with the first order shear deformation theory, earlier investigations and also among themselves to ascertain the most efficient one. Numerical results for deep sandwich and composite beams are also presented for future references.
A computational parameter study for the three-dimensional shock–bubble interaction

The morphology and time-dependent integral properties of the multifluid compressible flow resulting from the shock–bubble interaction in a gas environment are investigated using a series of three-dimensional multifluid-Eulerian simulations. The bubble consists of a spherical gas volume of radius 2.54 cm (128 grid points), which is accelerated by a planar shock wave. Fourteen scenarios are considered: four gas pairings, including Atwood numbers −0.8 < A < 0.7, and shock strengths 1.1 < M ≤ 5.0. The data are queried at closely spaced time intervals to obtain the time-dependent volumetric compression, mean bubble fluid velocity, circulation and extent of mixing in the shocked-bubble flow. Scaling arguments based on various properties computed from one-dimensional gasdynamics are found to collapse the trends in these quantities successfully for fixed A. However, complex changes in the shock-wave refraction pattern introduce effects that do not scale across differing gas pairings, and for some scenarios with A > 0.2, three-dimensional (non-axisymmetric) effects become particularly significant in the total enstrophy at late times. A new model for the total velocity circulation is proposed, also based on properties derived from one-dimensional gasdynamics, which compares favourably with circulation data obtained from calculations, relative to existing models. The action of nonlinear-acoustic effects and primary and secondary vorticity production is depicted in sequenced visualizations of the density and vorticity fields, which indicate the significance of both secondary vorticity generation and turbulent effects, particularly for M > 2 and A > 0.2. Movies are available with the online version of the paper.
The role of intellectual capital on green supply chain management: Evidence from the Jordanian renewal energy companies

The study aimed to demonstrate the impact of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) with its dimensions (Green IT, Green Manufacturing and Packaging, Green Storing, Green Purchasing, Green Marketing) on the quality of services in renewable energy companies in Jordan. In addition, the study also aimed to measure the impact of intellectual capital on the impact of GSCM on the quality of services in renewable energy companies in Jordan. By adopting the survey/sampling method, data was collected from the study population of (482) companies, and the study sample consisted of (260) managers of renewable energy companies in Jordan using a questionnaire. The study reached several results, the most important of which are: the existence of an impact of green supply chain management on the quality of services in renewable energy companies, that intellectual capital has modified and enhanced the effect, and that renewable energy companies in Jordan seek to use environmentally friendly inputs in their production at a very high rate, several recommendations emerged from these results, most notably: that companies constantly review the production processes followed by suppliers to ensure their compliance with environmental specifications.
Research Progress on Absorption, Metabolism, and Biological Activities of Anthocyanins in Berries: A Review

Berries, as the best dietary sources for human health, are rich in anthocyanins, vitamins, fiber, polyphenols, essential amino acids, and other ingredients. Anthocyanins are one of the most important bioactive components in berries. The attractive color of berries is attributed to the fact that berries contain different kinds of anthocyanins. Increasing research activity has indicated that anthocyanins in berries show various biological activities, including protecting vision; antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor qualities; inhibition of lipid peroxidation; anti-cardiovascular disease properties; control of hypoglycemic conditions; and other activities. Hence, berries have high nutritional and medicinal values. The recognized absorption, metabolism, and biological activities of anthocyanins have promoted their research in different directions. Hence, it is necessary to systematically review the research progress and future prospects of anthocyanins to promote a better understanding of anthocyanins. The absorption, metabolism, and biological activities of anthocyanins from berries were reviewed in this paper. The findings of this study provide an important reference for basic research, product development and utilization of berries’ anthocyanins in food, cosmetics, and drugs.
Post-selection adaptive inference for Least Angle Regression and the Lasso

We propose inference tools for least angle regression and the lasso, from the joint distribution of suitably normalized spacings of the LARS algorithm. From this we extend the results of the asymptotic null distribution of the “covariance test” of Lockhart et al. (2013). But we go much further, deriving exact finite sample results for a new asymptotically equivalent procedure called the “spacing test”. This provides exact conditional tests at any step of the LAR algorithm as well as “selection intervals” for the appropriate true underlying regression parameter. Remarkably, these tests and intervals account correctly for the adaptive selection done by LARS.
Microwave-Assisted Cu-Catalyzed Diaryletherification for Facile Synthesis of Bioactive Prenylated Diresorcinols

Prenylated diresorcinols exhibit various bioactivities, including cytotoxic, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Therefore, establishing facile and efficient synthetic routes for prenylated diresorcinols facilitates their development as chemical probes or drugs with a novel mode of action. In this study, microwave-assisted copper catalysis was explored as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method for the cross-coupling of sterically hindered ortho-prenylated phenols and aryl halides to produce bioactive prenylated diresorcinols, diorcinol I and leotiomycene B. Notable advantages of microwave-assisted catalysis include not only operational simplicity and rapid heating but also shorter reaction times and higher chemical yields. In addition, highly regioselective prenylation of phenol was achieved for the preparation of ortho-prenyl phenol via directed lithiation and subsequent alkylation. This study provides valuable insights for the preparation of other bioactive prenylated diresorcinols. Furthermore, considering that prenylated benzenoids are biosynthetic precursors of various polycyclic natural products, this synthetic route could be expanded to more complex bioactive compounds possessing diaryl ethers.
Genome assembly of the acoel flatworm Symsagittifera roscoffensis, a model for research on body plan evolution and photosymbiosis

Abstract Symsagittifera roscoffensis is a well-known member of the order Acoela that lives in symbiosis with the algae Tetraselmis convolutae during its adult stage. Its natural habitat is the eastern coast of the Atlantic, where at specific locations thousands of individuals can be found, mostly, lying in large pools on the surface of sand at low tide. As a member of the Acoela it has been thought as a proxy for ancestral bilaterian animals; however, its phylogenetic position remains still debated. In order to understand the basic structural characteristics of the acoel genome, we sequenced and assembled the genome of aposymbiotic species S. roscoffensis. The size of this genome was measured to be in the range of 910–940 Mb. Sequencing of the genome was performed using PacBio Hi-Fi technology. Hi-C and RNA-seq data were also generated to scaffold and annotate it. The resulting assembly is 1.1 Gb large (covering 118% of the estimated genome size) and highly continuous, with N50 scaffold size of 1.04 Mb. The repetitive fraction of the genome is 61%, of which 85% (half of the genome) are LTR retrotransposons. Genome-guided transcriptome assembly identified 34,493 genes, of which 29,351 are protein coding (BUSCO score 97.6%), and 30.2% of genes are spliced leader trans-spliced. The completeness of this genome suggests that it can be used extensively to characterize gene families and conduct accurate phylogenomic reconstructions.
Effectiveness of poultry based Farmers' Producer Organization and its impact on livelihood enhancement of rural women

Farmers Producer Company (FPC) has emerged as a new business model for the rural area. Like agriculture and horticulture, it is working in poultry sector too. With an intuition to find out the impact of poultry based Farmer Producer Company on upliftment of rural people, the present study was conducted by selecting Madhya Pradesh Women Poultry Producer Company Pvt. Limited (MPWPCL) founded by a team of poor rural women. An Ex-Post Facto research design was used. Difference in difference technique was utilized to estimate the actual impact of FPCs. To measure the effectiveness of MPWPCL and its impact, two indices, viz. effectiveness index and livelihood wellbeing index were prepared. Study was conducted in Orchha district of Madhya Pradesh from 37 randomly selected poultry growers' members and 15 nonmember respondents from the same locale. The MPWPCL was found highly effective with overall effectiveness score of 71.88. Joining the FPC has improved the poor rural women's human, social and political dimensions of livelihood empowerment in addition to a significant economic gain.