Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the mechanical and thermal stability of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene by using amide-multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a reinforcement material

In this research, an investigation of the thermal and mechanical properties of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) reinforced with pristine and modified multi- walled carbon nanotubes (Amide-MWCNTs)-MWCNTs nanocomposite was conducted. The nanocomposites were prepared by ultra-sonication mixing and hot press moulding methods. The MWCNTs surface was functionalised with amide group. The prepared nanocomposites were characterised based on structure, thermal, and mechanical properties by x-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and universal testing machine, respectively. The crystallinity, crystal size, space between atomic lattice and lattice constant were calculated from the XRD patterns. Results showed the decrease in UHMWPE crystallinity without affecting the crystal structure of UHMWPE when adding pristine MWCNTs and Amide-MWCNTs (1−5 wt%). Tensile test results showed an increase in the composites stiffness for all percentages in the range of 19%–65%, while the elongation at break for the 3 wt% Amide-MWCNT nanocomposite increased up to 71%. This indicates that the interfacial adhesion was enhanced by the amide group.
Addendum: Experimental evidence of intrabeam scattering in a free-electron laser driver (2020 New J. Phys. 22 083053)

A conceptual inaccuracy in the calculation of energy spread induced by intrabeam scattering in the presence of linear acceleration is put in evidence. A new self-consistent equation is presented. Two new solutions are provided in the approximation of Coulomb logarithm independent of the particle energy, and for a weak energy dependence. A comparison of the three solutions is shown; it does not imply any noticeable modification to the previously published data, hence the published conclusions remain valid.
Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society Los Angeles Reading Corpus of Individual Differences: Pilot distribution and analysis

We introduce the LARC-ID, a pilot corpus of eye-movements obtained from subjects reading texts from a range of genres. Materials were presented in multiple paragraphs on the screen to more closely match naturalistic reading environ-ments. Readers were encouraged to read for comprehension and enjoyment, engaging in various kinds of comprehension questions, including an open-ended reﬂection at the end of each text. Subjects also participated in a battery of individual difference measures, including those known to predict reading behavior in controlled experimental contexts, e.g., Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN; Denckla & Rudel, 1976), the author recognition (ART; Stanovich & West, 1989), and reading span (RSpan; Daneman & Carpenter, 1980) tasks. In addition to describing the central properties of the text and relationships between tasks in the battery, we present a sample analysis ex- ploring how intrinsic lexical characteristics (length, frequency, and morphological complexity) interact with selected individ- ual difference measures. The analysis provides the very ﬁrst glimpse into what we hope will become a useful resource for reading researchers and educators. The entire corpus is freely available for unrestricted use.
Comparative Evaluation of Anti- Plaque Efficacy of Commercially Available Herbal and 0.2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouthwash: A Randomized Clinical Trial

: Introduction: Anti-microbial mouth rinses limit the accumulation of dental plaque with a primary objective of controlling the development and progression of periodontal diseases. Chlorhexidine is regarded as gold standard anti- plaque agent with certain side effects. Nowadays, herbal medicines with their ‘naturally occurring’ active ingredients offer a gentle and enduring way for restoration of health by the most trustworthy and least harmful way. Objective: To Compare the Anti-Plaque Efficacy of an Herbal Mouthwash With 0.2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouthwash and Normal Saline. Methodology: It is a Double-blinded, randomized clinical trial in which 90 students were divided into 3 groups – Group A – Chlorhexidine, Group B – Herbal, and Group C – Normal saline. Subjects with GI &PI < 1 were included in the study. These students were refrained from their regular mechanical oral hygiene measures and were asked to swish the mouthwashes given to them for 4 days.GI & PI scores were then re-evaluated on the 5th day and the differences were compared statistically by ANOVA & Student ’t’-test. Results: Least post-rinsing GI scores were observed with Herbal mouthwash whereas least PI scores with Chlorhexidine. Highest scores were observed with Normal Saline. The difference in post-rinsing PI scores between groups A & B was statistically non-significant (p value – 0.076). Conclusion: With in the limitations of the study, it was concluded that 0.2% Chlorhexidine mouthwash remains the best anti-plaque agent. Herbal rinse may be considered as a good alternative.
P16 Expression Independent of Human Papilloma Virus in Egyptian Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study

: Background: the prognostic role of human papillomavirus (HPV) associated p16 expression in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is well established; however data are less on the prognostic significance of p16 expression independent of HPV status in non-oropharyngeal SCC (non-OPSCC). We evaluated the expression of p16 in different sites of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in Egyptian patients in correlation to the relevant clinical characteristics and treatment outcome. Methods: Forty-two paraffin blocks of HNSCC were collected and immunostained for p16. Clinical data were extracted from the charts from 2011-2016, at the Clinical Oncology Department- Ain-Shams University, and analyzed for the p16 status. P16 positive case was diagnosed when there was positive diffuse nuclear and cytoplasmic staining of the majority (70 %) of tumor cells. Results: Twenty-five (59.5%) out of 42 patients were positive for p 16, while 17 were negative (40.5%). P16 + and p16 – patients had no differences in age, smoking, tumor site, tumor grade, and stage. Expression of p16 was higher in patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance 1 and 2 (p 0.045). No correlation was observed between p16 status and type of treatment or recurrence. P16+ patients tended to have higher incidence of metastases (p 0.062). The p16 status did not affect the disease free survival (DFS) or the overall survival (ORS). Conclusion: Most of our patients had positive p16 expression. We could not show significant correlation between p16 status and clinical characteristics, and outcome. Large studies are needed to further investigate the prognostic role of p16 as a marker of HPV infection in non-OPSCC.
Patient Satisfaction with Complete Denture Prosthesis Made By Clinical Year Students at the Faculty of Dentistry, Al Azhar University - Gaza

: Objective : Patients' satisfaction is one of the most important goals in complete denture therapy, and there are many factors influencing this parameter. This study aimed to determine patient satisfaction with conventional removable complete denture made by clinical year students at the Faculty of Dentistry, Al Azhar University - Gaza. Methods : A sample of 85 patient who had conventional removable complete denture made by clinical year students at the Faculty of Dentistry Al Azhar University – Gaza filled a questionnaire two months after denture insertion. The questionnaire involving four sections including personal information, history, denture evaluation in aspects of mastication, speech, aesthetics and retention, and patient comfort. Results : Of the 85 patient studied, 81% were males, and the mean age was 60.3 years SD±9.64. The majority (n= 67, 79 %) lost their teeth because of bad oral hygiene. The overall satisfaction level was (92.1%), and patients were more satisfied with their upper denture. A significant association was found between the patient satisfaction and prior denture use experience ( p =0.013). No significant correlation was established between the patient satisfaction and their gender ( p =0.188), age group ( p =0.640) and employment status ( p =0.667). Conclusion : The patients have shown a high level of overall satisfaction. A significant association was found between the overall satisfaction level of patients and prior denture use experience. No statistically significant association was observed between the overall satisfaction level of patients and with each of age group, employment status and gender.
LoRaLay: A Multilingual and Multimodal Dataset for Long Range and Layout-Aware Summarization

Text Summarization is a popular task and an active area of research for the Natural Language Processing community. By definition, it requires to account for long input texts, a characteristic which poses computational challenges for neural models. Moreover, real-world documents come in a variety of complex, visually-rich, layouts. This information is of great relevance, whether to highlight salient content or to encode long-range interactions between textual passages. Yet, all publicly available summarization datasets only provide plain text content. To facilitate research on how to exploit visual/layout information to better capture long-range dependencies in summarization models, we present LoRaLay, a collection of datasets for long-range summarization with accompanying visual/layout information. We extend existing and popular English datasets (arXiv and PubMed) with layout information and propose four novel datasets – consistently built from scholar resources – covering French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Korean languages. Further, we propose new baselines merging layout-aware and long-range models – two orthogonal approaches – and obtain state-of-the-art results, showing the importance of combining both lines of research.
You reap what you sow: On the Challenges of Bias Evaluation Under Multilingual Settings

Evaluating bias, fairness, and social impact in monolingual language models is a difficult task. This challenge is further compounded when language modeling occurs in a multilingual context. Considering the implication of evaluation biases for large multilingual language models, we situate the discussion of bias evaluation within a wider context of social scientific research with computational work.We highlight three dimensions of developing multilingual bias evaluation frameworks: (1) increasing transparency through documentation, (2) expanding targets of bias beyond gender, and (3) addressing cultural differences that exist between languages.We further discuss the power dynamics and consequences of training large language models and recommend that researchers remain cognizant of the ramifications of developing such technologies.
Environmental specificity and evolution in Drosophila - 1 bacteria symbiosis affects host developmental plasticity 2

14 Environmentally acquired microbial symbionts could contribute to host adaptation to local 15 adaptationconditions like vertically transmitted symbionts do. This scenario necessitates 16 symbionts to have different effects in different environments. In We investigated this idea in 17 Drosophila melanogaster , a species which communities of extracellular bacterial symbionts 18 vary largelygreatly among environments, which could be due to variable effects on phenotype. 19 We investigated this idea with . We isolated four bacterial strains isolated from the feces of a 20 D. melanogaster lablaboratory strain, and tested their effects in two environmentsconditions: 21 the ancestral environment of origin (i.e. the laboratory medium) and a new oneenvironment (i.e. 22 fresh fruit with live yeast). All bacterial effects on larval and adult traits differed among 23 environments, ranging from very beneficial to marginally deleterious. The joint analysis of 24 larval development speed and adult size further suggestsshows bacteria would affectaffected 25 developmental plasticity more than resource acquisition . This effect was largely driven by the 26 opposite effects of the bacteria in males. Theeach environment. Our study reveals that 27 understanding D. melanogaster symbiotic interactions in the wild necessitates using 28 ecologically realistic conditions. Besides, context-dependent effects of bacteria we 29 observedsymbionts, and itstheir underlying mechanisms, shedsshed light on how 30 environmentally acquired symbionts may contribute to host evolution. for the evolution of facultative symbiosis. Along these lines, recent modelling of host-symbiont dynamics revealed that whether symbionts affect adult
Network Effects, Congestion Externalities, and Air Traffic Delays: Or Why Not All Delays Are Evil

We examine two factors that explain air traffic congestion: network benefits due to hubbing and congestion externalities. While both factors impact congestion, we find that the hubbing effect dominates empirically. Hub carriers incur most of the additional travel time from hubbing, primarily because they cluster their flights in short time spans to provide passengers as many potential connections as possible with a minimum of waiting time. Non-hub flights at the same hub airports operate with minimal additional travel time. These results suggest that an optimal congestion tax might have a relatively small impact on flight patterns at hub airports.
Exploration and practice of establishing mode for scientific researching innovation group of undergraduate

The important target of university education is to enhance students' innovative competence,in which scientific researching training plays an essential role.The scientific researching team of university students,which is the effective carrying body for taking part in scientific researching,the development of the creative ability and practice ability of university students,has its advantages and features.Under bringing along of scientific research item,through a series of measures: hierarchical guidance,education in accordance with individual differences,effective communication and multilateral incentives,etc,thus scientific research groups of undergraduates led by teachers was established,which has been shown can improve the integrative makings of students,promote the continuance of the scientific items,and obtain the effect of win-win between scientific researching and teaching.
Real-Time Visual Feedback for Educative Benchmark Creation : A Human-and-Metric-in-the-Loop Workﬂow

Recent research has shown that language models exploit ‘artifacts’ in benchmarks to solve tasks, rather than truly learning them. Considering that this behavior inﬂates model performance, shouldn’t the creation of better benchmarks be our priority? In pursuit of this, we focus on guiding crowdworkers , an under-explored facet of addressing benchmark idiosyncrasies. We propose VAIDA, a novel benchmark creation paradigm for NLP. VAIDA provides realtime visual feedback to both crowdworkers and backend analysts on both sample and dataset quality, and aims to educate them on the same. VAIDA also facilitates sample correction to improve quality via recommendations. VAIDA is domain, model, task, and metric agnostic, and constitutes a paradigm shift for robust, validated, and dynamic benchmark creation via human-and-metric-in-the-loop workﬂows. We demonstrate VAIDA’s effectiveness by leveraging a state-of-the-art data quality metric DQI over four datasets. We further evaluate via expert review and a user study with NASA TLX. We ﬁnd that VAIDA decreases effort, frustration, mental, and temporal demand of crowdworkers and analysts, while simultaneously increasing the performance of both user groups.
Quantification of histone H2AX phosphorylation in white blood cells induced by ex vivo gamma irradiation of whole blood by both flow cytometry and foci counting as a dose estimation in rapid triage

A quick, reliable, and reproducible biological assay to distinguish individuals with possible life-threatening risk following radiological or nuclear incidents remains a quest in biodosimetry. In this paper, we examined the use of a γ-H2AX assay as an early dose estimation for rapid triage based on both flow cytometry and image analyses. In the experiment, whole blood from 11 donors was irradiated ex vivo inside a water phantom by gamma rays from Co-60 at 0.51 Gy/min. After the lysis of red blood cells, the white blood cells were collected for immunofluorescence labeling of γ-H2AX, CD45, and nuclear stained for signal collection and visualization. Analysis by flow cytometry showed that the relative γ-H2AX intensities of lymphocytes and granulocytes increased linearly with absorbed doses from 0 to 6 Gy with a large variation among individuals observed above 2 Gy. The relative γ-H2AX intensities of lymphocytes assessed by two different laboratories were highly correlated (ICC = 0.979). Using confocal microscopic images, γ-H2AX foci were observed to be discretely distributed inside the nuclei and to increase proportionally with doses from 0 to 2 Gy, whereas large plagues of merged foci appeared at 4 and 6 Gy, resulting in the saturation of foci counts above 4 Gy. The number of total foci per cell as well as the number of foci per plane were significantly different at 0 vs 1 and 2 vs 4 Gy doses (p < 0.01). Blind tests at 0.5 Gy and 1 Gy doses showed that dose estimation by flow cytometry had a mean absolute difference of less than 0.5 Gy from the actual value. In conclusion, while flow cytometry can provide a dose estimation with an uncertainty of 0.5 Gy at doses ≤ 1 Gy, foci counting can identify merged foci that are prominent at doses ≥ 4 Gy.
Neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 in vaccinated people with multiple sclerosis

Background Patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) are often treated with disease modifying therapies (DMT) with immunomodulatory effects. This is of particular concern following the development of several vaccines to combat coronavirus disease 19 (COVD-19), a potentially fatal illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. Objectives To determine the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in pwMS and the impact of disease modifying therapies (DMT) on vaccine response. Methods This is a prospective longitudinal study in pwMS. Longitudinal serum samples were obtained prior to, and after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. A novel neutralizing antibody (nAb) assay was used to determine nAbs titres against SARS-CoV-2 spike. Results We observed that (1) pwMS on B-cell depleting therapies exhibited reduced response to vaccination compared to other pwMS, correlating with time from last anti-CD20 infusion, (2) prior COVID-19 illness, DMT category, and pyramidal function were significant predictors of vaccine responsiveness, and (3) circulating absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and IgG levels correlated with nAb levels. Conclusions We demonstrate that pwMS exhibit reduced nAb response to mRNA vaccination dependent on DMT status and identify predictive biomarkers for vaccine efficacy. We conclude that additional vaccination strategies may be necessary to achieve protective immunity in pwMS.
Health status outcomes after spontaneous coronary artery dissection and comparison with other acute myocardial infarction: The VIRGO experience

Background Data on health status outcomes after spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) are limited. Methods and findings Using the Variation in Recovery: Role of Gender on Outcomes of Young AMI Patients (VIRGO) study we compared patients with SCAD and other acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at presentation (baseline), 1-month, and-12 months using standardized health status instruments. Among 3572 AMI patients ≤ 55 years, 67 had SCAD. SCAD patients were younger (median age (IQR) 45 (40.5–51) years vs. 48 (44–52) in other AMI, p = 0.003), more often female (92.5% vs. 66.6%), have college education (73.1% vs. 51.7%) and household income >$100,000 (43.3% vs. 17.7% (All p<0.001). SCAD patients at baseline had higher mean ± SD Short Form-12 [SF-12] physical component scores [PCS] (48.7±10.2 vs. 43.8±12.1, p<0.001) and mental component scores [MCS] (49.6±12.4 vs. 45.4±12.5, p = 0.008), and at 12-months [PCS (50.1±9.0 vs. 44.3±12.3, p<0.001) and MCS (53±10.1 vs 50.2±11.0, p = 0.045)]. The Euro-Quality of Life Scale [EQ-5D] VAS and EQ-5D index scores were similar at baseline, but higher at 12-months for SCAD (EQ-5D VAS: 82.2±10.2 vs. 72.3±21.0, p<0.001; EQ-5D index scores; 90.2±15.3 vs. 83.7±19.8, p = 0.012). SCAD patients had better baseline Seattle Angina Questionnaire [SAQ] physical limitation (88.8±20.1 vs. 81.2±25.4, p = 0.017). At 12-months SCAD patients had better physical limitation (98.0±8.5 vs. 91.4±18.8, p = 0.007), angina frequency (96.4±8.8 vs. 91.3±16.8, p = 0.018) and quality of life scores (80.7±14.7 vs 72.2±23.2, p = 0.005). Magnitude of change in health status from baseline to 12-months was not statistically different between the groups. After adjustment for time and comorbidities there remained no difference in most health status outcomes. Conclusions SCAD patients fare marginally better than other AMI patients on most health status instruments and have similar 12-month health status recovery. Better pre-event health status suggests a need to modify exercise prescriptions and cardiac rehabilitation protocols to better assist this physically active population to recover.
The Race between Technology and Woman: Changes in Gender and Skill Premia in OECD Countries

The era of technological change entails complex patterns of changes in wages and employment. We develop a unified framework to measure the contribution of technological change embodied in new capital to changes in the relative wages and income shares of different types of labor. We obtain the aggregate elasticities of substitution by estimating and aggregating sectoral production function parameters with cross-country and cross-industry panel data from OECD countries. We show that advances in information, communication, and computation technologies contribute significantly to narrowing the gender wage gap, widening the skill wage gap, and declining labor shares.
Might I Get Pwned: A Second Generation Compromised Credential Checking Service

Credential stuffing attacks use stolen passwords to log into victim accounts. To defend against these attacks, recently deployed compromised credential checking (C3) services provide APIs that help users and companies check whether a username, password pair is exposed. These services however only check if the exact password is leaked, and therefore do not mitigate credential tweaking attacks - attempts to compromise a user account with variants of a user's leaked passwords. Recent work has shown credential tweaking attacks can compromise accounts quite effectively even when the credential stuffing countermeasures are in place. We initiate work on C3 services that protect users from credential tweaking attacks. The core underlying challenge is how to identify passwords that are similar to their leaked passwords while preserving honest clients' privacy and also preventing malicious clients from extracting breach data from the service. We formalize the problem and explore ways to measure password similarity that balance efficacy, performance, and security. Based on this study, we design"Might I Get Pwned"(MIGP), a new kind of breach alerting service. Our simulations show that MIGP reduces the efficacy of state-of-the-art 1000-guess credential tweaking attacks by 94%. MIGP preserves user privacy and limits potential exposure of sensitive breach entries. We show that the protocol is fast, with response time close to existing C3 services. We worked with Cloudflare to deploy MIGP in practice.