Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploration of COVID-19 Pandemic Prevention Behaviors among Healthcare Workers

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the pandemic has become an important topic of global public health. To reduce the rapid spread of the pandemic, compliance with preventive behaviors has become one of the important guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO). Healthcare workers stand on the frontline for pandemic prevention, and preventive behaviors are essential measures to protect their health and safety. The purpose of this study was to propose an integrative model that explained and predicted COVID-19 preventive behaviors among healthcare workers. The study integrated workplace safety climate and the health belief model (HBM) to verify the impact of workplace safety climate and health belief factors on the safety attitude, safety compliance, and safety satisfaction of healthcare workers performing COVID-19 pandemic prevention behaviors. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to August 2021 with a self-administered online questionnaire. The sample of the study was drawn from healthcare workers of a famous medical institution in Taipei City as research subjects. After collecting 273 valid questionnaires and verifying them through the analysis of structural equation modeling (SEM), the findings revealed that workplace safety climate had an impact on health belief factors, and then health belief factors had impacts on safety attitudes. In addition, safety attitude affected safety compliance, while safety compliance further affected safety satisfaction. The study showed that workplace safety climate can strengthen healthcare workers’ health beliefs and further affect their safety attitudes, safety compliance, and safety satisfaction. The study attempted to propose a model of healthcare workers’ pandemic prevention behaviors as a reference for medical facility administrators in real practice.
Profile of Drug Utilization in Patients with Rare Diseases in Tuscany, Italy: A Population-Based Study

Patients with rare diseases (RDs) generally have delayed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, which lead to inappropriate care or the need to modify treatment during the course of the disease. The medical care of RD patients can be further complicated by the presence of comorbidities. In this population-based study, we evaluated the prevalence, intensity of use, and consumption of drugs prescribed to RD patients residing in Tuscany (Italy) in the years 2008–2018. Data from the Registry of Rare Diseases of Tuscany were integrated with information retrieved from regional pharmaceutical prescription databases. The overall prevalence of drug use in the RD patients was 85.4%. Drugs for the alimentary tract and metabolism and antiinfectives for systemic use showed the highest prevalence of use, while drugs for the nervous system had the highest intensity of use only in the pediatric patients. The adults exhibited a female preponderance in terms of the prevalence of use and drug consumption in almost all the age groups and therapeutic categories. Conversely, a higher prevalence of use was observed in the male children. These results provide relevant insights into drug profiles in RD patients, representing a first step for future analyses to monitor changes in drug utilization in patients with RDs over time.
The hotspots from a time-varying jet

On presente des simulations numeriques pour un modele de radiosource extragalactique dans lequel la vitesse du jet presente une variation cosinusoidale avec le temps. On prevoit la distribution de l'emission radio sur le plan du ciel provenant du point chaud produit par le jet; on trouve qu'elle change profondement tant en morphologie qu'en puissance du fait des variations de la vitesse du jet
Directivity measurement of a singer

The convenient method of using broadband excitation for fast and accurate evaluation of narrow‐band directivity cannot be applied to the human vocal tract. If the voice itself is used as the excitation, the variable properties of the vocal tract change with each differently pronounced phoneme, and therefore a vowel does not yield the same directivity as a consonant. Additionally, the nonstationary character of the voice does not allow for simple measurements with one scanning microphone. In the method described here, the singer stands on a turntable and sings a glissandolike vowel through at least one octave. The sound‐pressure level is recorded with two microphones, one as a reference attached to the singer’s nose and the other at a 2‐m distance. The spectra of both signals are calculated with a sufficiently long FFT, and the levels are subtracted. For each position of the turntable and every angle of elevation, the spectra are stored on disk and postprocessed within a matlab environment. Measured direct.
Recombination and Mutation in a New HP-PRRSV Strain (SD2020) from China

A new HP-PRRSV strain (SD2020) was isolated from pigs with suspected highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome disease in a pig farm in Shandong Province, China, and its genome was sequenced. This pig farm has been using the VR-2332 vaccine strain to immunize pigs for a long time. The phylogenic and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analysis of the viruses isolated from dead pigs showed that SD2020 was a natural recombinant virus of the VR-2332 vaccine strain and the JXA1 similar strain, and that two splicing fragments highly homologous to JXA1 in the virus genome were probably derived from the JXA1 wild strain and JXA1-R vaccine strain, respectively. Therefore, the possible recombination events of SD2020 and its mutation site might be related to high pathogenicity.
A compact and portable IR analyzer: progress of a MOEMS FT-IR system for mid-IR sensing

We show results on the progress in the development of MOEMS based FT spectrometers dedicated to operate in the mid-IR. Recent research is performed within an EC-FP7 project with the goal to show the feasibility of miniaturized high performance infrared spectroscopic chemical analyzers. Exploiting the high analyte selectivity of the mid-IR paired with the inherent sensitivity of an FT-IR spectrometer, such devices could be used in a wide range of applications, from air monitoring over in-line real-time process control to security monitoring. For practical applicability in these fields, appropriate detection limits and spectral quality standards have to be met. The presented system aims at a performance to measure in the range between 4000-700 cm-1 at a spectral resolution better than 10 cm-1, which would clearly outmatch previous MOEMS based spectrometer approaches. A further technological advantage is the rapid-scan capability. The MOEMS devices oscillate at 500 Hz. A spectrometer based on this device can acquire 1,000 scans per second in forward-backward mode. The interplay of all these components with the challenges in system integration will be described in detail and experimental results will be shown, presenting a significant step forward in smart spectroscopic sensors, microsystems technology and vibrational spectroscopy instrumentation.
Toxic and Antifeedant Effects of Different Pesticidal Plant Extracts against Beet Armyworm (Spodoptera exigua)

The beet armyworm (BAW), Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a highly destructive pest of vegetables and field crops. Management of beet armyworm primarily relies on synthetic pesticides, which is threatening the beneficial community and environment. Most importantly, the BAW developed resistance to synthetic pesticides with making it difficult to manage. Therefore, alternative and environment-friendly pest management tactics are urgently required. The use of pesticidal plant extracts provides an effective way for a sustainable pest management program. To evaluate the use of pesticidal plant extracts against BAW, we selected six plant species (Lantana camara, Aloe vera, Azadirachta indica, Cymbopogon citratus, Nicotiana tabacum, and Ocimum basilicum) for initial screening experiment. Four out of six plant species such as A. indica, N. tabacum, C. citratus and O. basilicum showed promising mortality of more than 50%. Therefore, we selected these four plant extracts for the subsequent experiments. Through contact bioassay, A. indica showed high mortality 66.63%, followed by the N. tabacum 53.33%, at 10% w/v concentration. Similarly, N. tabacum showed the highest mortality rate, 66% at 10% w/v concentration, followed by the A. indica 46% through feeding bioassay. Furthermore, the feeding deterrence assay showed that C. citratus had a high antifeedant index (−50) followed by A. indica (−39), and N. tabacum (−28). In living plant assay, the N. tabacum extract showed a low mean damage score 3.6 on living cotton plant followed by C. citratus 4.5 and A. indica 5.5. Hence, extracts of three plant species provided promising results against the BAW, which can minimize the use of synthetic chemicals, particularly for small landholding farmers. Further studies are also required to evaluate the effects of these plant extract against BAW on cotton plants under field conditions to optimize the further use.
The LO phonon lifetime in GaN

The disparity in the masses of the atomic constituents of GaN means that the usually-assumed mode of decay of a long-wavelength LO mode into two LA modes is forbidden. However, given the available information about the phonon spectrum, it appears that a possible decay route is provided by the emission of a TO and an LA phonon.
The trade-off between goals and uncertainty of outcome in professional team sports

Based on an assumption of an existing scoring probability difference be- tween two teams engaged in a football match, the conditional probability distribution given the number of goals in the match for the low quality team beating the high quality team, is derived. Furthermore, similar distributions for the high quality team beating the low quality team as well as a draw are also derived. Based on a Poisson distribution of goals, we discuss a potential for optimizing expected uncertainty of outcome (UO) by adjusting intra-match rules or league rules for team sports. The main variables in this regard are (i) the typical number of goals scored, and (ii) the evenness of competing teams. We identify a curve defining the optimal expected number of goals as a function of team quality difference.
Statistical inference for branching processes

Using one of the simplest possible cases, this book illustrates the problems of statistical inference that can arise when the standard assumption of independent observations is relaxed. It contains observations on the generation sizes of a Bienayme-Galton-Watson process. In addition, problems of conditional inference and ancilliarity in stochastic processes are presented in this context, both for estimation and testing problems. Throughout the book, theoretical results are illustrated in special cases and scientific applications of the theory and method are presented. A chapter has been devoted to Bayesian methods of inference.
Application of Caenorhabditis elegans in Lipid Metabolism Research

Over the last decade, the development and prevalence of obesity have posed a serious public health risk, which has prompted studies on the regulation of adiposity. With the ease of genetic manipulation, the diversity of the methods for characterizing body fat levels, and the observability of feeding behavior, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is considered an excellent model for exploring energy homeostasis and the regulation of the cellular fat storage. In addition, the homology with mammals in the genes related to the lipid metabolism allows many aspects of lipid modulation by the regulators of the central nervous system to be conserved in this ideal model organism. In recent years, as the complex network of genes that maintain an energy balance has been gradually expanded and refined, the regulatory mechanisms of lipid storage have become clearer. Furthermore, the development of methods and devices to assess the lipid levels has become a powerful tool for studies in lipid droplet biology and the regulation of the nematode lipid metabolism. Herein, based on the rapid progress of C. elegans lipid metabolism-related studies, this review outlined the lipid metabolic processes, the major signaling pathways of fat storage regulation, and the primary experimental methods to assess the lipid content in nematodes. Therefore, this model system holds great promise for facilitating the understanding, management, and therapies of human obesity and other metabolism-related diseases.
Two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic model of emerging magnetic flux in the solar atmosphere

The nonlinear undular mode of the magnetic buoyancy instability in an isolated horizontal magnetic flux embedded in a two-temperature layered atmosphere (solar corona-chromosphere/photosphere) is investigated using a two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic code. The results show that the flux sheet with beta of about 1 is initially located at the bottom of the photosphere, and that the gas slides down the expanding loop as the instability develops, with the evacuated loop rising as a result of enhanced magnetic buoyancy. The expansion of the magnetic loop in the nonlinear regime displays self-similar behavior. The rise velocity of the magnetic loop in the high chromosphere (10-15 km/s) and the velocity of downflow noted along the loop (30-50 km/s) are consistent with observed values for arch filament systems. 82 refs.
One Approach to the Star-Formation History Inferred from the GRB Lag–Luminosity Relation

The distances of about thirty gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are known. The most remote one is at z ∼ 4.5, and the remaining more dimmer GRBs are supposed to be more remote. If we can estimate the distances for the dimmer GRBs, their distances should be much beyond z ∼ 4.5. Two independent studies to estimate their distances were previously conducted. One was based on the variability–luminosity relation, and the other was based on the lag– luminosity relation. However, these relations can apply only for a very limited range of luminosity. In this paper, we introduce the viewing angles and use a new lag–luminosity relation by Ioka and Nakamura (2001, ApJ, 554, L163), which is capable of explaining the luminosity of the nearest GRBs. By applying the new relation, we infer the star-formation history out to z ∼ 4. Our result shows an increasing trend of star-formation out to z ∼ 4. However, the lag–luminosity relation itself is still a matter of debate, and thus this work is a tentative approach. For example, we have used only eight known GRB distances. Our result should be checked and calibrated by future data with Swift, observing more distant GRBs.
Comment on "A probability density function theorem for the modulo y values of the sum of two statistically independent processes"

It is demonstrated that when any process α(t) (random or deterministic) is added to a random process φ(t), where φ(t), modulo y, is uniformly distributed and statistically independent of α(t), the resultant random process, modulo y, is also uniformly distributed. The process α(t) need not be independent of φ(t).
Puumala Orthohantavirus Reassortant Genome Variants Likely Emerging in the Watershed Forests

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) remains a prevalent zoonosis in the Republic of Tatarstan (RT), Russian Federation. Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV), carried by bank voles (Myodes glareolus), is the principal zoonotic pathogen of HFRS in the RT. In this study, we sought to demonstrate the similarity of the PUUV genetic sequences detected in HFRS case patients and bank vole samples previously collected in some areas of the RT. Furthermore, we intended to identify the reassortant PUUV genomes and locate a potential site for their emergence. During 2019 outbreaks, the PUUV genome sequences of the S and M segments from 42 HFRS cases were analysed and compared with the corresponding sequences from bank voles previously trapped in the RT. Most of the PUUV strains from HFRS patients turned out to be closely related to those isolated from bank voles captured near the site of the human infection. We also found possible reassortant PUUV genomes in five patients while they were absent in bank voles. The location of the corresponding HFRS infection sites suggests that reassortant PUUV genomes could emerge in the bank voles that inhabit the forests on the watershed between the Kazanka River and Myosha River. These findings could facilitate the search for the naturally occurring reassortants of PUUV in bank vole populations.
Pretreated Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Secretome: Enhanced Immunotherapeutic Strategies

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with self-renewing, multilineage differentiation and immunomodulatory properties, have been extensively studied in the field of regenerative medicine and proved to have significant therapeutic potential in many different pathological conditions. The role of MSCs mainly depends on their paracrine components, namely secretome. However, the components of MSC-derived secretome are not constant and are affected by the stimulation MSCs are exposed to. Therefore, the content and composition of secretome can be regulated by the pretreatment of MSCs. We summarize the effects of different pretreatments on MSCs and their secretome, focusing on their immunomodulatory properties, in order to provide new insights for the therapeutic application of MSCs and their secretome in inflammatory immune diseases.
Calculating the fundamental group of an orbit space

Suppose G acts effectively as a group of homeomorphisms of the connected, locally path connected, simply connected, locally compact metric space X. Let G denote the closure of G in Homeo^), and N the smallest normal subgroup of G which contains the path component of the identity of G and all those elements of G which have fixed points. We show that irx(X/G) is isomorphic to G/N subject to a weak path lifting assumption for the projection X —* X/G.
Assessment of primary care provider and pharmacist knowledge, comfort, and barriers to appropriate inhaled corticosteroid use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Pharmacotherapeutic management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) primarily involves the use of inhaled bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Mounting evidence in recent years suggests ICSs should be reserved for a limited COPD population. This study set out to understand primary care pharmacist and primary care provider comfort, barriers, and knowledge regarding appropriate ICS use in COPD. A cross‐sectional, survey‐based study was conducted. The survey was shared with primary care providers and primary care pharmacists at two healthcare organizations in Southeastern Wisconsin. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize the survey results. The primary outcome was level of comfort, as reported using a 7‐point Likert scale of participants with five statements related to managing ICSs in patients with COPD. Secondary outcomes were level of agreeance, as reported using a 7‐point Likert scale of participants to the existence of seven different barriers to successfully executing ICS de‐escalation. Escalation in patients with COPD who qualify and percentage of participants who correctly answered a select‐all‐that‐apply knowledge‐check question regarding appropriate patient factors for ICS de‐escalation. Participants were most uncomfortable with creating a tapering schedule for ICS de‐escalation. Most participants agreed that many barriers exist to executing appropriate ICS de‐escalations. Twenty percent of all participants answered the knowledge‐check question completely correctly. The study's findings suggest the surveyed primary care providers and pharmacists are uncomfortable with several aspects of COPD management. There are many barriers that prevent clinicians from de‐escalating ICSs in appropriate patients. Clinicians may have knowledge gaps regarding what factors make patients appropriate for ICS de‐escalation.
Static and Dynamic Impacts of Internet Use on Self-Rated Health among Adults in China: A Hybrid Model Analysis Based on National Panel Survey Data

The widespread use of the Internet has a substantial impact on people’s livelihoods, including health-related factors. Whether this impact is beneficial or harmful to people’s health remains unclear. Some cross-sectional studies found static differences in the health status between Internet users and nonusers, whereas panel data studies found dynamic changes in an individuals’ health over time, making the issue, including its causality, controversial. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the association between the use of the Internet and people’s health from both static and dynamic aspects. Data were obtained for 46,460 adults from the China Family Panel Studies in 2014, 2016, and 2018. The analysis applied a logistic regression hybrid model with self-rated health as the dependent variable and Internet use as the main independent variable. In the hybrid model, time-varying independent variables were decomposed into between-individual (static) differences and within-individual (dynamic) changes over time. The results indicated that the between-individual coefficient of Internet use was significantly positive, but the within-individual coefficient was not, i.e., Internet users felt healthier than nonusers from the static aspect but starting to use the Internet did not increase the self-rated health from the dynamic aspect. These findings suggest that attention is needed in order to not confuse the static differences with dynamic change regarding the causality between Internet use and self-rated health.
Numerical study on aerodynamic resistance reduction of high-speed train using vortex generator

Vortex generator (VG) is one of the potential technical tools to reduce the aerodynamic resistance of high-speed trains. The passive control resistance reduction research of a high-speed train is carried out by using VG. Three typical installation locations, including flow separation point, boundary layer mutation and streamline transition location, and several nearby locations were selected to study the effect of VG location on the train aerodynamic characteristics. The results show that the tail car drag is significantly reduced when the VG is arranged at the boundary layer mutation, the tail car’s resistance can be reduced by 15.42%. The tail car reduces resistance by 3.87% when VG is set at the flow separation point. By analyzing the flow field structure, we found that the VG arranged in front of the separation point triggers the flow separation, which destroys the balance between the separation and longitudinal vortex. It effectively reduces the strength of the separation vortex, thereby reducing the tail car’s aerodynamic drag. The research provides a new thought for the aerodynamic resistance reduction of high-speed trains, and is of great significance to break the limitations of traditional aerodynamic drag reduction technology of trains.
Metrical Theory for a Class of Continued Fraction Transformations and Their Natural Extensions

Many results concerning the metrical theory for the simple continued fractions had been given by Gauss, L\’evy, Khintchine, etc., (see Billingsley [1]). On the other hand, the metrical theory of continued fractions to the nearest integer or of singular continued fractions has been discussed by Rieger [7], [8] and [9], in which he obtained among other things the invariant measures for these transformations. In contrast with $\{f_{\alpha}\}$ , recently Ito and Tanaka [3] considered the class of transformations $\{S_{a}\}$ including those associated with the restriction to the real axis of Hurwitz’ complex continued fractions and of simple continued fractions. Here $S_{\alpha},$ $1/2\leqq\alpha\leqq 1$ , is defined by