Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Directed Evolution of Cytochrome P450 for Small Alkane Hydroxylation

Methane is an ideal alternative to petroleum refining as a chemical feedstock source since it is highly abundant an inexpensive. However, the lack of selective methane oxidation catalysts has limited such utilization. Starting from cytochrome P450 CYP102A1 (BM3) from Bacillus megaterium, which prefers C12-C20 fatty acids as its substrates, I investigated several protein engineering approaches to shift the enzyme’s substrate specificity toward small gaseous alkanes, with the ultimate goal of methane. By continuing previous directed evolution efforts in our group, a variant with wild-type-like affinity and catalytic efficiency for propane, P450PMO, was isolated. To alleviate the loss of protein thermostability (~10 °C) as a result of this approach, mutations were targeted to the BM3 active site with site saturation mutagenesis, targeted mutagenesis with a reduced set of amino acids, and computationally guided library designs. From these enzyme libraries, variants were identified that replicated much of the P450PMO activities with a minimal number of mutations while maintaining wild-type thermostability. Continuing the protein engineering with a high throughput ethane hydroxylation screen, variants with improved in vitro ethane hydroxylation activity were obtained. However, in whole-cell ethane bioconversions, BM3-derived variants could not match the activity of a natural P450 alkane hydroxylase, CYP153A6. To investigate the oxidation capability of the P450 oxo-ferryl porphyrin radical intermediate directly, I employed a variety of terminal oxidants to support P450 alkane hydroxylation reactions abridging the P450 catalytic cycle. In this study, the CYP153A6 oxo-ferryl intermediate was able to oxidize methane in reactions using iodosylbenzene, which demonstrated that direct methane-to-methanol conversion by a P450 heme porphyrin catalyst at ambient conditions is possible and does not necessarily require the use of additional effectors to alter the active site geometry.
The influence of high energy milling to the adsorption of Cd(II) and Zn(II) ions on activated zeolite

Natural zeolite is believed to be able to effectively reduce heavy metal levels in water. However, due to the weakness of natural zeolites which have a low surface area and impurity so that the adsorption ability of heavy metals becomes less optimal. Increasing the surface area by using high energy milling is expected to optimize the ability of adsorption. In this study, the particle size of natural zeolite was reduced by using high energy milling then activated with HCl and NH4Cl. The adsorption process was carried out by mixing activated zeolite and activated zeolite milling(activated zeolite fine powder) in a solution of metal ions Zn(II) and Cd(II). SEM-EDX analysis showed a change in surface morphology size on activated zeolite milling and GSA indicated an increase in surface area from 69.48 m2/g to 97.9 m2/g. Activated zeolite tends to having a little bigger in ability of adsorption to Cd(II) ions and Zn (II) ions than activated zeolite milling in highest variation of concentration, 800 ppm. In optimum contact time of adsorption, activated zeolite could adsorp Cd(II) ions shorter nevertheless longer to Zn(II) ions than activated zeolite milling. Both of the zeolites have ability to adsorp Zn(II) ions more than Cd(II) ions.
Clustering and Erratic Movement Patterns of Syringe-Injected versus Mosquito-Inoculated Malaria Sporozoites Underlie Decreased Infectivity

Malaria still causes a major burden on global health and the economy. The efficacy of live, attenuated malaria sporozoites as vaccine candidates critically depends on their ability to migrate to and infect the host liver. ABSTRACT Malaria vaccine candidates based on live, attenuated sporozoites have led to high levels of protection. However, their efficacy critically depends on the sporozoites’ ability to reach and infect the host liver. Administration via mosquito inoculation is by far the most potent method for inducing immunity but highly impractical. Here, we observed that intradermal syringe-injected Plasmodium berghei sporozoites (syrSPZ) were 3-fold less efficient in migrating to and infecting mouse liver than mosquito-inoculated sporozoites (msqSPZ). This was related to a clustered dermal distribution (2-fold-decreased median distance between syrSPZ and msqSPZ) and, more importantly, a 1.4-fold (significantly)-slower and more erratic movement pattern. These erratic movement patterns were likely caused by alteration of dermal tissue morphology (>15-μm intercellular gaps) due to injection of fluid and may critically decrease sporozoite infectivity. These results suggest that novel microvolume-based administration technologies hold promise for replicating the success of mosquito-inoculated live, attenuated sporozoite vaccines. IMPORTANCE Malaria still causes a major burden on global health and the economy. The efficacy of live, attenuated malaria sporozoites as vaccine candidates critically depends on their ability to migrate to and infect the host liver. This work sheds light on the effect of different administration routes on sporozoite migration. We show that the delivery of sporozoites via mosquito inoculation is more efficient than syringe injection; however, this route of administration is highly impractical for vaccine purposes. Using confocal microscopy and automated imaging software, we demonstrate that syringe-injected sporozoites do cluster, move more slowly, and display more erratic movement due to alterations in tissue morphology. These findings indicate that microneedle-based engineering solutions hold promise for replicating the success of mosquito-inoculated live, attenuated sporozoite vaccines.
Mitochondrial ATP Synthase Trafficking along Microtubules to Cell Surface Depends on KIF5B and DRP1

Ectopic adenosine triphosphate (eATP) synthase, located on the cell surface instead of the mitochondrial inner membrane, has been discovered to be a novel target for the treatment of various types of cancer. However, the mechanism of eATP synthase trafficking toward the cell surface remains unclear. In this study, we used an integrative approach incorporating multiomics, super-resolution imaging, real-time live-cell tracing, and various functional analyses to derive a transport model of eATP synthase from the mitochondria to the plasma membrane in cancer cells. We determined that the ATP synthase complex is first assembled in the mitochondria and subsequently delivered to the cell surface through the microtubule-mediated mitochondrial transport pathway. We also found that dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) enhances mitochondrial fission and subsequently associates with microtubule motor protein kinesin family member 5B (KIF5B) to promote the subcellular transportation of eATP synthase. Consequently, our work provides a blueprint for eATP synthase trafficking from the mitochondria toward the cell surface.
Learning style preference among adolescent school students

Every individual has their own natural pattern of acquiring and processing information. The patterns by which people learn are known as their learning styles. Everyone has different learning styles. Several people may find that they have a dominant style of learning, while others find that they use different styles in different situations. This created an interest for the researchers to study the Learning Style Preference among Adolescent School Students. For this purpose, data has been collected from 85 adolescents (13- 18years). The sample consisted of 37 Government and 48 Private school students using the convenience sampling method. The tool used in the study is Learning Channel Preference (O’Brien, 1990). One sample ‘t’ test and Descriptive statistics such as Mean (M), Standard Deviation (SD) was used to assess. It was found that based on the demographic variables such as place of living, educational level of parents, type of institute and, Socio- economic status of adolescent school students it can be concluded that, the most preferred learning style is Kinesthetic followed by Visual and Auditory learning style. The prominent limitation of this study was that Data is collected from adolescent school students which are restricted to Chennai. Also, the research did not focus on the causes of why certain learning styles are preferred by the adolescent school students. The results of the study can be helpful to teachers to formulate appropriate teaching strategies. To develop the curriculum content by understanding students’ preferred learning styles. It can help the learner to improve their ability to learn and perform better in subjects which they find difficult.
Role of Propolis in Improving Hepatic and Renal Damage in Boldenone Undecylenate in Male Rats

Although anabolic androgenic steroids like boldenone may increase lean muscle mass, strength, and the ability to train longer and harder, the serious side effects of steroid are many and may not be reversible. So, the present study was designed to investigate the role of propolis in improving hepatic and renal damage in boldenone in male rats. 40 adult rats were equally divided into four groups. 1st Control group includes animals that injected intramuscularly with olive oil for 12 weeks. 2nd group were rats receive propolis (intragastrically, 400 mg/kg body weight). 3rd experimental group include animals that receive intramuscular injections of boldenone (5 mg/Kg body weight) for 12 weeks. 4th group were co-treated group where rats receive boldenone (intramuscular injections, 5 mg/Kg body weight) and Proplis (intragastrically, 400 mg/kg body weight). Intramuscular injection of rats with boldenone showed a significant increased in GOT, GPT, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, albumin, total protein, sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), total protein, total thiol, catalase activity and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) in liver and kidney tissues when compared with the control group. On the other hand a significant decrease in LDL, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), potassium (K), total lipid and glutathione (GSH) in boldenone group when compared with the control group. These findings suggested that misuse of boldenone may contribute to a continuously damage of the hepatic and renal diseases so young people especially should be careful if they want to use such steroids to enhance their strength and endurance. This shows that the desired dose of boldenone can safely be used with propolis in improving hepatic and renal damage in boldenone in male rats.
Mechanical properties of wheat grain in relation to internal cracks

Processes of heat and mass exchange that take place in the course of wheat grain wetting and drying, cause inner stress resulting in endosperm cracks. These cracks cause specific physical and biological effects. Spring wheat grain, cv. Henika, with an initial moisture content of 10% and varied endosperm structure (mealy and vitreous), was wetted for 1, 3, 6 and 9 h and then dried in room conditions to initial moisture content. Inner cracks to grain caused by the processes mentioned above, were detected by means of soft X-ray technique. The physical endosperm condition was described by the number of cracks. Barrel-shaped core samples, cut from some selected kernels, were then subjected to uniaxial compression tests to determine such parameters as: compressive strength (σ max ), modulus of elasticity (E), strain (e max ) and specific work (w max ). A significant, high, negative correlation was found between grain mechanical properties and their earlier wetting time. Similarly high and significant correlation was noted between these properties and the number of inner cracks. Vitreous kernels were characterized by higher values of mechanical properties than the mealy ones.
Salicylic Acid Effects on Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality and Curing Characteristics During Harvesting and Curing in Cold-Stressed Fields

Salicylic acid (SA) can induce plants to actively enhance abiotic stress resistance. Spraying SA to prevent cold stress in flue-cured tobacco fields can provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the actual protection from cold stress in fields at high altitude in Yunnan. The experiment was performed in Jianchuan County Yunnan Province, China. Honghuadajinyuan, a flue-cured tobacco variety with cold resistance, was used as the research object. SA was tested at two concentrations (0.05 [SA-1] and 0.1 [SA-1] mol L–1) relative to an untreated control (Control) to compare the quality of fresh tobacco leaves, curing characteristics, enzyme activity of antioxidants, and quality of the first-cured tobacco leaves. The tissue structure thickness, SPAD, and plastid pigment content of fresh tobacco leaves were least in the control; there was no significant difference between SA-1 and SA-2. The change of moisture content during curing was SA-1 > SA-2 > Control, and the water loss rate was Control > SA-2 > SA-1, and both varied greatly at 38–48°C. In each curing stage, the carbon and nitrogen metabolites and polyphenols changed most rapidly at 38°C, and the sugar metabolites changed as follows: Control > SA-1 > SA-2. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase in fresh tobacco leaves were SA-1 > SA-2 > Control. Malondialdehyde content and the inactivation rate of antioxidant enzymes during curing was Control > SA-2 > SA-1. The economic character and sensory smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves were SA-1 > SA-2 > Control. In high-altitude tobacco planting areas prone to cold stress in the field, early warning weather forecast and field spraying 0.05 mol L–1 SA are beneficial to protect and improve the quality of fresh tobacco leaves, curing characteristics, antioxidant system enzyme activities, and the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves.
Epidemiological Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease Patients in Northwest China: High-Volume Research From Low Population Density Regions

Background: Few studies have reported the transmission characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in low-density populations. This study has therefore analyzed the epidemiological characteristics and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients in Northwestern China, an area with low population density. Methods: From January 21 to March 11, 2020, data from patients diagnosed with novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in areas of Northwestern China with lower population densities were retrospectively analyzed. Certain variables were categorized as numbers and percentages, with the ratio between resident patients (no history of going out during the epidemic) and imported patients representing the contagiousness of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for COVID-19. Hospitalization time was also calculated. Results: A total of 617 COVID-19 patients were reported in Northwestern China, and the morbidity and mortality rates of 0.000005 and 0.011, respectively. Further analysis showed that the morbidity was inversely proportional to population density and distance from Wuhan City. This study enrolled 473 confirmed cases; among these patients, there were 248 residents and 225 imported cases with a ratio of 1:1. The youngest and oldest patients were 1 and 94 years of age, respectively, with a median age of 42 years. Fifteen (3.2%) patients were children or infants. Two patients were pregnant, and one patient gave birth to a healthy baby with negative results during her disease course. About 17.3% of patients (82 cases) were healthy carriers without any symptoms during their disease course. One male patient (0.2%) had recurrence of a positive test result 4 days after discharge. The median hospitalization time was 16.0 days, ranging from 2.0 to 43.0 days. Further analysis showed that age (P = 0.03) and severity status (P < 0.001) were significantly correlated with hospitalization time. Conclusions: The morbidity and mortality rates of COVID-19 patients in the regions with a low population density were lower than those of the national average in China. All populations were susceptible to infection by SARS-CoV-2. Asymptomatic patients with positive results should be taken seriously, and the hospitalization time of patients is associated with their age and severity status.
Containment pressure loads from hydrogen combustion in unmitigated severe accidents

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe conducted and sponsored a study on containment loads from hydrogen combustion pressures that could occur in case of an unmitigated severe accident in a future 1,500-MW(electric) pressurized water reactor. The analysis of large-scale distribution tests leads to the conclusion that the full spectrum of combustion modes from slow deflagration to global detonation must be considered in the absence of any hydrogen control system. New experimental and theoretical results are presented for fast flames, deflagration-to-detonation transitions, and marginal and stable detonations in hydrogen-air mixtures on reactor relevant scale. Maximum possible combustion loads for severe accidents are predicted for a typical dome geometry. The results provide a database on global combustion loads for design studies on future severe accident resistant containments.
Response: Commentary: Can Blood Flow Restricted Exercise Cause Muscle Damage? Commentary on Blood Flow Restriction Exercise: Considerations of Methodology, Application, and Safety

Citation for pulished version (APA): Burr, J. F. , Hughes, L. , Warmington, S. , Scott, B. R. , Owens, J., Abe, T. , Nielsen, J. L. , Libardi, C. A. , Laurentino, G. , Neto, G. R. , Brandner, C. , Martin-Hernandez, J., Loenneke, J., & Patterson, S. D. (2020). Response: Commentary: Can Blood Flow Restricted Exercise Cause Muscle Damage? Commentary on Blood Flow Restriction Exercise: Considerations of Methodology, Application, and Safety. Frontiers in Physiology, 11, [574633]. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020. 574633
Biomass in commercial Bambusa vulgaris plantations under annual rotation in Northeast Brazil

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of clump density on the production and distribution of biomass in commercial Bambusa vulgaris plantations cultivated under an annual rotation system in Northeast Brazil. The data were obtained one year after the last cut in populations led by regrowth and submitted to previous cuts for a 22-year period. Plantations I and II were located on slightly undulating terrain with 3.75 and 5.63 m2 of average usable area per clump, respectively. Plantation III was characterized by its location on hilly terrain with 3.57 m2 of area per clump. Three plots of 15 × 15 m were established in each plantation, from which three clumps were selected. The clumps were cut to estimate the dry biomass of leaves, branches, new culms, mature culms and rhizomes. The higher density of plants did not reduce the commercial biomass production per plant, while increasing the commercial production per hectare. Given the precocity of the cutting age considered, the relative proportion of culm biomass was new culms > mature culms > leaves > branches, showing a high biomass of new culms and leaves. The exploited biomass was only 38% of the total.
Role of Magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis, staging and follow up of patients with carcinoma cervix

Materials and Methods: From June 2017 to June 2018, 70 patients (both new and treated) who were histopathologically diagnosed cases of carcinoma cervix and referred to the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Coimbatore Medical College were included in the study. Conclusion: Magnetic Resonance Imaging scored better than clinical techniques and other imaging methods in staging of carcinoma cervix and assessing its recurrence. Hence, Magnetic Resonance Imaging can be used as a single best investigation for local staging in carcinoma cervix, obviating the need for multiple invasive procedures.
BENARKAH FINANCIAL DISTRESS MEMODERASI PENGARUH DARI KINERJA KEUANGAN DAN RESIKO SISTEMATIK TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN BIDANG KONSTRUKSI YANG TERDAFTAR BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji benarkah Financial Distress memoderasi pengaruh kinerja Keuangan dan resiko sistematis terhadap return saham. Financial Distress diukur dengan menggunakan model Altman Z-Score, Kinerja Keuangan di ukur dengan Earning Per Share dan Debt to Equity Ratio diukur dengan menggunakan Beta dan pengukuran Harga Saham menggunakan Ratio. Penelitian ini tergolong penelitian kausatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah perusahaan bidang konstruksi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2015 sampai dengan tahun 2018. Sampel penelitian ini ditentukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dan metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi data panel dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,05 maka hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan : 1) Earning Per Share (EPS) tidak berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap harga saham. 2) Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap harga saham. 3) Risiko Sistematis tidak berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap harga saham. 4) Financial Fistress tidak berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap harga saham. 5) EPS yang dimoderasi oleh Financial Distress tidak memperlemah terhadap harga saham. 6) DER yang di moderasi oleh Financial Distress memperkuat terhadap harga saham. 7) Resiko Sistematis yang dimoderasi oleh Financial Distress tidak memperkuat terhadap harga saham.
An angled rack with a bypass and a nature-like fishway pass Atlantic salmon smolts downstream at a hydropower dam

Hydropower dams disrupt longitudinal connectivity and cause fragmentation of river systems, which has led to declines in migratory fish species. Atlantic salmon smolts rely on intact longitudinal connectivity to move downstream from rearing habitats in freshwater to feeding grounds at sea. Smolts often suffer increased mortality and delays when they encounter hydropower plants during their downstream migration. Currently, there are few examples of downstream passage solutions that allow safe and timely passage. We assessed the performance of two passage solutions at a hydropower dam, namely, an angled 15-mm rack with a bypass and a large nature-like fishway. The performance of these new fish passage solutions was evaluated by tracking radio-tagged Atlantic salmon smolts as they encountered the facilities. The radio-tagged smolts passed the dam 9.5h after release (median) and exhibited a dam-passage efficiency of 84%, with passage rates increasing with body length. Fish passage occurred through both the rack bypass and the nature-like fishway. The passage efficiencies were 70–95% for the rack bypass and 47% for the nature-like fisway. The new fish passage facilities resulted in improved passage conditions at the site, confirming that angled racks with bypasses as best-practise solutions for downstream passage, but also that large nature-like fishways may act as downstream passage routes for salmon.