Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Biological Activities of Protein-Bound Polysaccharides Produced by Cultures of Pleurotus ostreatus

Several species of mushrooms, as Pleurotus ostreatus, have been valued as edible and medicinal resources. These mushrooms may be an important source of polysaccharides with medicinal properties as antioxidant, antitumoral, antimicrobial and immunological properties. The aim of this work was to produce and to evaluate the biological properties of protein-bound polysaccharide complexes, extra intracellular (E-PPS and I-PPS), extracted from P. ostreatus cultures, using agricultural sunflower wastes as carbon source. Three main compounds in the E-PPS and four main compounds in the I-PPS were identified by SEC-UV-RI-HPLC. These complexes of P. ostreatus present no toxicity in Artemia salina cultures, after 24 h of incubation. Antioxidant properties of the complexes were evaluated by radical scavenging activity using DPPH method and lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity, determined by erythrocytes hemolysis. Additionally, E-PPS and I-PPS extracts revealed capacity to mimetize superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymatic activities. The hepatoprotector effect of E-PPS extracts in Wistar rats was evaluated by AST, ALT, ALP and γ-GT activities, showing capacity to reduce the liver damage induced by ethanol-administration. This hepatoprotective effect is equivalent to that observed by silymarin, a standard drug. Our results suggests that the extracts of E-PPS and I-PPS produced by P. ostreatus cultures, using agricultural sunflower wastes as main carbon source, can be used as an important source of bioactive compounds with potential medicinal value.
General models of the spatial distribution of porpoises require representative data and parsimony: Comment on Skov & Thomsen (2008)

The small-scale distribution of wide-ranging marine top predators has important implications for environmental management. Skov & Thomsen (2008; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 373:173–186) concluded from a study on Horns Reef, North Sea, that tidally driven upwelling is the most important factor governing distribution of harbour porpoises. For 3 principal reasons such a conclusion cannot be reached through their analysis: (1) the data used are unlikely to be representative of natural and undisturbed conditions of the habitat; (2) the selection of explanatory variables probably led to spurious correlations with no general explanatory value; and (3) there was no assessment of statistical uncertainty, model fit, or parsimony, nor any model validation, and thus no indication of the robustness of the results. Therefore, there is no statistical support for any general conclusions regarding the factors explaining small-scale distribution of harbour porpoises.
Update in Attitudes Towards Wage Equality in Gendered Professions

Employment research has asked diverse questions about job satisfaction, gender appropriate work, wage and compensation satisfaction and parity, and advancement. Most existing research has explored gender discrimination in traditional professions such as engineering, law, education, and medicine; notably absent is the billion dollar industry of sport. This research sought to remedy that shortcoming by exploring attitudes towards wage equality across gender for eight different professions, including coaching positions and that of a professional athlete. Survey results found that most respondents were in favor of wage equality across all professions, but the sport professions showed the greatest amount of variation. Differences in attitude were attributed to a respondent’s gender, personal sport participation, and gender majority of the profession they would be entering. Additionally, qualitative responses indicated that revenue/profit factors and outcome-based considerations were influential in making attitude determinations. Disciplines Sports Management Comments This item has been posted with permission from The Sport Journal. It was originally published as: Dane-Staples, E. (19 June 2018). “Update in attitudes towards wage equality in gendered professions. ” The Sport Journal. Available at: http://thesportjournal.org/article/update-in-attitudes-towards-wageequality-in-gendered-professions/ This article is available at Fisher Digital Publications: https://fisherpub.sjfc. edu/sprtmgmt_facpub/5
Varietal Difference in the Occurrence of Delayed Stem Senescence and Cytokinin Level in the Xylem Exudate in Soybeans

Abstract The objectives of this study were to evaluate the varietal difference in the occurrence of delayed stem senescence (DSS) and cytokinin level in the xylem exudate in soybeans and the relationship between the occurrence of DSS and cytokinin level in the xylem exudate. Pot experiments were carried out in the experiment field at Nihon University in 2010, 2012 and 2013. In this experiment, we used 11 soybean varieties, which were cultivated in the Kanto region, Japan. The degree of DSS (DSS score) was positively correlated with the days from sowing to flowering stage (S-R2), and was higher in the varieties with a longer length of S-R2, though the correlation was not significant. Under some conditions, the DSS score was negatively correlated with S-R2. Moreover, the DSS score was positively or negatively correlated with the main stem diameter, total node number, stem dry weight and seed weight depending on the growth parameter or sowing date. Thus, we concluded that the DSS score was not correlated with the growth parameters. On the other hand, the level of cytokinins such as t-ZR and iPA shown by their amount in xylem exudate from a plant at the seed filling stage was negatively correlated with the DSS score. Thus, we consider that one of the reasons for varietal difference in DSS occurrence may be the difference in cytokinin content of stem and leaves after the seed filling stage.
Composition and biological activity of the essential oil peruvian lantana camara

The composition of the essential oil from Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts was examined by GC, GC/ MS, and 13C-NMR. The GC analysis showed that carvone is the most abundant monoterpene 75.9%, together with limonene 16.9%, accounting for 92.8% of the oil. The major components were also tested by 13C-NMR analysis of the essential oil. The L. camara oil was assayed against several microorganisms, showing moderate antibacterial activity against the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 200 µg/ml). High antioxidant activity evaluated by the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay (TEAC) was found (29.0 mmol Trolox/kg) and relative low anti-inflammatory activity due to its weak ability for inhibiting lipoxygenase (IC 50 = 81.5 µg/ml).
Influence of Nitrogen Rates and Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cultivars on Weed Control

Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of nitrogen (N) fertility and winter wheat cultivars on weed infestations in a winter wheat-ecofallow sorghum-fallow rotation near North Platte, NE. Centurk 78 and Lancota winter wheat suppressed density and growth of barnyardgrass and green foxtail significantly more than Eagle winter wheat before and after wheat harvest. Increasing N rates applied to winter wheat decreased annual grass weed population and weed yields. However, 67 and 101 kg N ha−1 reduced winter wheat grain yields compared to 34 kg N ha−1. Plots treated at 2.8 plus 0.3 kg ai ha−1 of atrazine plus paraquat 31 d after wheat harvest had more barnyardgrass before grain sorghum planting in 1983 than plots treated 17 d after wheat harvest but the reverse was true for green foxtail after grain sorghum emergence in 1984. Increasing N rates from 34 kg ha−1 to 67 and 101 kg ha−1 in the previous wheat crop decreased weed density before and after grain sorghum planting. There was no advantage in weed control in the grain sorghum from applying N to winter wheat in the fall vs. spring.
THE MOVEMENT AND GROWTH PATTERNS OF YOUNG-OF-THE-YEAR BLACK ROCKFISH (SEBASTES MELANOPS) INHABITING TWO ROCKY INTERTIDAL AREAS OFF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v TABLE OF CONTENTS vi LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES x INTRODUCTION 1 METHODS AND MATERIALS 7 Testing Site Fidelity and Homing Behavior 19 Analysis of Results 20 RESULTS 22 Site Fidelity and Homing Behavior 22 Recruitment, Residence, and Growth 38 Water Quality 49 DISCUSSION 61 Site Fidelity and Homing Behavior 61 Growth 65 Recruitment and Residence 67 Future Research 68 LIST OF REFERNCES 70
Mastofauna no Planalto das Araucárias, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Wild small (including flying), medium and large mammals long term surveys were carried out in Protected areas in Araucarias Plateau in state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Studies were done in native pine forests (Araucaria angustifolia), Araucaria plantation, recuperation stage of native vegetation after deforestation and around urban areas. Study methods included the use of Tomahawk traps, pitffal traps, mist nets, camera traps, footprints, direct observations of animals and dead animals in roads. Sixty six species of native mammals and one exotic species (hare – Lepus europaeus) were detected. Araucaria’s Plateau is important for conservation of mammals because has natural environments that support endangered species.
Exploration for Natural Enemies of Hydrilla verticillata in Eastern Africa.

Abstract : This survey of East African water habitats was conducted to find natural enemies of Hydrilla verticillata Royle (Hydrocharitaceae). Since 1960, when it was first recorded, hydrilla has spread through the southeastern part of the United States and has the potential to occupy large portions of freshwater bodies. It not only precludes use of an infested waterway by man but can be ecologically disruptive. A two-phase survey was conducted during September-December 1976--a wide survey through Tanzania and Kenya, followed by an intense survey of Lake Tanganyika, including a preliminary study of hydrilla natural enemies at Kigoma. The noted damage to hydrilla plants was of two types, fish and insect feedings. Fish damage, possibly caused by a chiclid, was in the form of either leaf removal along the stem or the removal of the stem tips. The potentially most important insect found feeding on hydrilla was a Chironomid midge of the genus Polypedilum (species not yet determined). Damage caused by the larvae of this midge was primarily a loss of the apical meristems of the hydrilla shoots resulting in a pruning effect on hydrilla. Recommendations include: (a) Study and evaluate the known natural enemies of hydrilla, Polypedilum sp. , fish, mayfly, and caddis fly, to determine their ability to damage hydrilla; and (b) Conduct additional surveys in East Africa to observe hydrilla populations not affected by the meristem borer and to find other natural enemies of hydrilla.
COMPARATIVE ZOOPLANKTON SAMPLING EFFICIENCY OF A RING NET AND BONGO NET WITH COMMENTS ON POOLING OF SUBSAMPLES

We analyzed the comparative sampling efficiency of CalCOFI 1 m diameter ring nets and bongo nets in a series of paired comparisons from the California Current. Seventeen major taxa of holozooplankton were enumerated and species-specific analyses were carried out for hyperiid amphipods. The only consistent difference detected between these two nets was a significant increase in abundance of salps in the bongo net. In contrast with comparisons of abundance, the species diversity of hyperiid amphipods was higher when estimated from ring net than from bongo net collections, at higher numbers of individuals enumerated. Analysis of a sample pooling procedure revealed that the average abundance of the more numerous taxa was generally similar, whether determined by enumerating plankton samples individually or from a pooled sample comprising quantitative splits of individual samples. The average abundance of rare taxa was not well represented in the pooled sample. Sample pooling is particularly inappropriate for studies of pelagic species diversity.
Performance of potted Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria hybrida L.) in different growing media under wet temperate conditions.

Investigations were carried out during the years 2006 and 2007 to study the effect of different combinations of vermicompost, cocopeat, leafmould, municipal solid waste, farm yard manure, sand and soil on three cultivars of vegetatively propagated pot grown Alstroemeria plants (Alstroemeria hybrida L.). A pot experiment was laid under glass house conditions in completely randomized design, consisting of five growing media i.e., soil + coco peat + vermicompost + FYM + sand, soil + MSW + leaf mould + FYM + sand, Mashobra peat + vermicompost + FYM + sand, Mashobra peat + MSW + FYM + sand and soil + sand + FYM (control) which were evaluated during two successive flushes. Cultivar Selection No-14 and Riana were found suitable for pot culture of Alstroemeria as balanced pot plants of both cultivars with greater number of cymes per inflorescence could be obtained. Growing media consisting of soil + cocopeat + vermicompost + FYM + sand in equal proportions by volume was found to be the best substrate for vegetative parameters like plant height, spread, and number of leaves per generative shoot. Advanced flowering with greater number of cymes per inflorescence, increased duration of flowering and better pot presentability were also recorded with the same media.
Spatial Patterns of Mycobacterium Ulcerans Infection (Buruli Ulcer) In the Akwapim South District

This study is about the spatial patterns of the Mycobacterium ulcerans infections (Buruli ulcer) in the Akwapim South district. The Triangle of Human Ecology model was used to account for the observed spatial patterns of the disease. The spatial distribution of the disease was mapped through the residential addresses of the patients as shown in the district medical records. The endemic communities were stratified into three segments namely the high, low and non­ endemic areas or zones. The settlements for the study were then randomly selected from each stratum. This was proceeded by the selection of the target population according to the research objectives. Primary data were collected from three sources namely the household heads, Buruli ulcer patients and the health personnel (including the District Director of Health Services). Besides this, direct personal observation of the natural environment as well as interviews with certain individuals yielded primary information this study. The study looked out for the magnitude of the problem, the underlying factors of the spatial patterns and the socio-economic impact on the populace. Children were found to be more vulnerable to infection than adults. Thus prevalence decreased with age with an overall slight female predominance in incidence. It was further discovered that the quality of the natural environment to a very large extent influenced the spatial variations of the disease. It was more prevalent along watercourses and low-lying areas but non-existent on high grounds with better drainage. This confirms the research proposition and findings elsewhere that the disease is more prevalent along water bodies. University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug. edu.gh
Effect of Micro-Nutrients Spray on Yield and Quality of Chilli ( Capsicum annuum L.) Var Jayanti

Three micronutrients (Zn, Fe, B) were tried in three concentrations i.e. 0.1, 0.25 and 0.50 per cent foliar spray. There were ten treatments replicated three times. The first spray was applied at 30 DAT and second spray after 60 DAT. The spacing was kept 60 × 60 cm. The observation on fruit yield and quality of chilli fruits per plant were recorded and analysed statistically. The treatment T3 (ZnSO 4 0.50%) exhibits maximum yield and treatment T 3 (FeS0 4 0.25%) produced maximum number of seeds/fruit.
RECUPERAÇÃO ESTRUTURAL E PRODUÇÃO DE CAPIM-TIFTON 85 EM UM ARGISSOLO VERMELHO-AMARELO COMPACTADO

The soil compaction promoted for animal trampling and traffic of machines, is one of great impediments to attainment of raised pasture productivities. However, the soil-pasture relationship studies have not taken in consideration the biological soil descompaction, as well as its effect in productivity. This study objective was to evaluate dry mass production of Tifton 85 grass in function of different soil compaction degrees and potential of structural quality recovery of an Red-Yellow Argisol, promoted by forage plant. The experiment was carried out in green house, in delineation entirely randomized, with the tifton 85 grass crop in the following degrees of compacting: 64%, 84%, 90%, 93% and 100%, gotten for the assay of Normal Proctor. The attributes had been evaluated the soil physical- hydric, least limiting water range and forage dry mass production. Tifton 85 grass recovered the structure of Red-Yellow Argisol. The soil descompaction promoted adequate soil biophysics conditions to forage development. The dry mass production increased with the cutting succession independent of initial degree of soil compaction. KEY WORDS: Biological soil descompaction, Cynodon sp. , least limiting water range, recovery of pastures.
Mislabeling marine protected areas and why it matters—a case study of Australia

As part of international obligations and national policies, most nations are working toward establishing comprehensive, adequate, and representative systems of terrestrial and marine protected areas (MPAs). Assigning internationally recognized International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) protected area categories to these MPAs is an important part of this process. The most recent guidance from the IUCN clearly states that commercial or recreational fishing is inappropriate in MPAs designated as category II (National Park). However, in at least two developed countries with long histories of protected area development (e.g., Canada and Australia), category II is being assigned to a number of MPAs that allow some form of commercial or recreational fishing. Using Australia as a case study, this article explores the legal and policy implications of applying protected area categories to MPAs and the consequences for misapplying them. As the Australian Government is about to embark on potentially one of the largest expansions of MPA networks in the world, ensuring the application of IUCN categories is both transparent and consistent with international practice will be important, both for the sake of international conventions and to accurately track conservation progress.
A new procedure for extrapolating turnover regionalization at mid‐small spatial scales, tested on British butterflies

Biotic regionalization provides fundamental information for biogeography and conservation. The current consensus is to couple turnover indices and clustering methods to identify regions with distinct biotic composition. Nevertheless, turnover indices can produce large numbers of zero and tied dissimilarity values generating multiple clustering solutions which vary according to the arbitrary order of cases in the input matrix. Zero and tied values are particularly numerous at mid‐small spatial scales where low signals for turnover occur. Turnover patterns can be also obscured by incomplete sampling. We have designed a new method (recluster.region) based on the creation of a new dissimilarity matrix involving a continuous consensus of cell clustering among different random trees. This matrix minimizes the bias produced by zero and tied values before the final clustering. We created virtual data sets with a priori generated turnover areas and compared the power of the new and of classic methods in recognizing regionalization patterns on the basis of several evaluators (consistency among runs, correct attribution, mean silhouette width and explained dissimilarity) for different levels of sampling intensity [collection completeness (CC)]. We also used a real data set of British butterflies recorded for 10 × 10 km2 cells to test our method. All methods were sensitive to the order of cases in the dissimilarity matrix. Some methods (UPGMA, UPGMC, WPGMA, WPGMC and single linkage) also produced ineffective clustering solutions. Our recluster.region procedures had higher consistency compared to classic clustering and performed best in recognizing the a priori determined regions in virtual data sets (mostly when in association with Ward clustering). Moreover, for the real butterfly data set, recluster.region associated with Ward method and to a lesser extent with DIANA and complete linkage resulted in stable solutions, which largely agreed with the distribution of a set of species identified as responsible for generating the turnover pattern. The Ward method also performed best with low CC. Regionalization can be greatly improved by using the recluster.region algorithm. For the data set of butterflies, it clearly revealed the occurrence of three faunistic regions, supporting the existence of a Holocene climatic refuge and a current Anthropocene refuge in northern and western Britain.
Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel‐web spiders of the Tegenaria−Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data

The taxonomy and systematics of European house spiders, currently constituting the ill-defined Tegenaria−Malthonica complex (including Aterigena) in the family Agelenidae, are revised. In Europe four monophyletic genera and 81 species are defined. One genus, Eratigena gen. nov., and seven species are described as new; at species level 17 new synonyms and 20 new combinations are proposed, and the original combination of 14 species is reinstated. Five species could not be placed (incertae sedis) because of insufficient material and one taxon is regarded as ‘nomen dubium’. On the basis of a detailed morphological assessment, 88 characters were chosen for a cladistic analysis. Phylogenetically informative characters include mostly spination patterns as well as spinneret and genital structures. In addition to morphology, three gene sections [cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (NADH1) 28S] were analysed. Morphological and molecular analyses were performed individually and in combination applying maximum parsimony and Bayesian tree search methods. In all resulting trees Malthonica and Tegenaria in their present composition are either polyphyletic or paraphyletic. Consequently, we redefined the two genera and erected a new genus, Eratigena gen. nov. Identification keys are provided for the European agelenid genera as well as for the European species of Tegenaria and Eratigena gen. nov. The genera and most of the constituent species are described and illustrated. The new classification has also been applied to some extra European members of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex resulting in additional three new synonyms, seven reversals to the original combination, and four new combinations. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London