Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Origin and Significance of Hyperplastic Hepatocellular Islands and Nodules in Hepatic Carcinogenesis

Results of many studies, summarized in this review, support the hypothesis that carcinogen-induced hepatocellular carcinomas develop from phenotypically-altered hyperplastic hepatocellular nodules; these in turn apparently arise from smaller focal collections of hyperplastic cells referred to as hepatocellular islands. The very recent recognition that phenobarbital, when administered after carcinogens, fosters the outgrowth of hepatocellular islands and carcinomas, now provides the means for studying stages of initiation and promotion in hep-atocarcinogenesis. In addition, the recognition that enzymatic alterations, particularly the acquisition of canalicular gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activity, loss of ATP'ase activity, and loss of glucose-6-phosphatase activity that characterize many islands, have been particularly useful for measuring and evaluating the growth kinetics and heterogeneity of the islands. Evidence is presented that periportal gamma glutamyl transpeptidase positive hepatocytes are considerably more abundant after four weeks of feeding . 02% 2-acetyl-aminofluorene to young rats than in control animals, and that the outgrowth of these cells is fostered by a distinctive type of periportal reparative hyperplasia. The cells appear to arise from a pool of cells that are normally abundant in periportal location in young growing rats. The studies suggest that it may now be possible to develop short term in vivo bioassays for initiators, promoters, and complete carcinogens in the rodent liver.
Callus induction in pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) cv. Moris and Josapine.

The induction of callus from Meristemic Globular Bodies (MGB) of two pineapple cultivars, namely Moris and Josapine, under six concentration levels of auxin NAA and six concentration levels of 2,4-D in Murashige and Skoog solid media, was investigated. 2,4-D auxin treatments failed to induce calli in both cultivars. However, 53.71, 75.19 and 85.93 μM levels of auxin NAA caused calli induction in Moris while levels 32.22, 53.71 and 75.19 μM also induced calli Josapine. The percentage of MGB calli formation increased with increasing time of culturing. At 6 weeks of culturing, 83% of Moris MGB explants formed calli on 85.93 μM NAA, while 50% of Josapine MGB explants formed calli on 53.71 μM NAA. Calli cultures have been an essential tool in the in vitro selection of desirable plants under manipulated conditions and from in vitro mutations via somaclonal variation. More importantly, calli are increasingly used for the application of cellular level genetic modification techniques such as the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, particle bombardment and protoplast isolation and fusion. In this study, auxin NAA successfully initiated and proliferated calli in Moris and Josapine globular meristemic cultures.
How Control Configurations and Enactments Shape Legitimacy How Control Configurations and Enactments Shape Legitimacy Perceptions and Compliance Intentions in IS Development Perceptions and Compliance Intentions in IS Development Projects Projects

Managers choose and implement controls to promote employee behavior that contributes to IS development (ISD) project success. Still, ISD project failure rates remain high, suggesting that project controls employed are often not effective. In this regard, existing IS project control research commonly considers how managers configure controls (in terms of control modes and degree) and enact them (control style), whereas the role of employees’ perceptions of the legitimacy of enacted controls remains largely neglected. To address this shortcoming, we conducted a vignette study with 232 participants to quantitatively test a set of hypotheses on how different control modes, degrees, and styles impact employees’ legitimacy perceptions, and ultimately their compliance intentions. Our analysis reveals a significant impact of all three control dimensions on legitimacy perceptions. Moreover, we identify a positive link between legitimacy perceptions and compliance intentions. To increase control effectiveness, our results thus suggest that managers should choose and implement ISD controls in a way that employees perceive as being just and providing them with autonomy.
The distribution of putative neurosecretory cells in the central nervous system of the North American medicinal leech Macrobdella decora

Nerve cells that displayed a distinct Tyndall blue–white effect were observed in the supra- and sub-oesophageal ganglia, the ventral nerve cord ganglia, and the posterior ganglion of the Gnathobdellid leech Macrobdella decora. These cells formed four anatomically distinct groups in the supraoesophageal ganglion and occupied characteristic and analogous positions in the other ganglia. Light microscopy of these blue–white cells revealed histochemical properties not seen in other nerve cells. The perikarya of the four groups of blue–white cells in the supraoesophageal ganglion were examined with the electron microscope and found to contain large membrane-bounded electron-dense granules similar to those observed in proven neurosecretory cells. Tracts from two of these cell groups possibly form primitive neurohemal organs. A neurosecretory role for the blue–white cells is suggested.
It's all in the (Sub-)title? Expanding Signal Evaluation in Crowdfunding Research

Research on crowdfunding success that incorporates CATA (computer-aided text analysis) is quickly advancing to the big leagues (e.g., Parhankangas and Renko, 2017; Anglin et al., 2018; Moss et al., 2018) and is often theoretically based on information asymmetry, social capital, signaling or a combination thereof. Yet, current papers that explore crowdfunding success criteria fail to take advantage of the full breadth of signals available and only very few such papers examine technology projects. In this paper, we compare and contrast the strength of the entrepreneur's textual success signals to project backers within this category. Based on a random sample of 1,049 technology projects collected from Kickstarter, we evaluate textual information not only from project titles and descriptions but also from video subtitles. We find that incorporating subtitle information increases the variance explained by the respective models and therefore their predictive capability for funding success. By expanding the information landscape, our work advances the field and paves the way for more fine-grained studies of success signals in crowdfunding and therefore for an improved understanding of investor decision-making in the crowd.
The Routine Use of A Niche Product from A Well- Known Company: An Empirical Investigation of ApplePay

To further expand or lock in consumers, contemporary well-known companies are making cross-discipline efforts by promoting niche products which were not their core products. However, seldom is known regarding routine use of these niche products, which is prerequisite for product success. Based on involvement theory, we propose a research model to predict consumers’ routine use of these niche products. To validate the hypotheses, an online survey regarding routine use of ApplePay was conducted in China. Upon the analysis with 202 valid respondents, several insightful findings are obtained. Specifically, (1) consumers’ routine use can be directly affected by product involvement, which in turn is positively influenced by brand loyalty, ideal self-congruence, and social influence; and (2) the effects of brand loyalty and social influence on routine use are fully mediated by product involvement. Research findings, implications for research and practice are discussed.
Pie Chart or Pizza: Identifying Chart Types and Their Virality on Twitter

We aim to understand how data, rendered visually as charts or infographics, “travels” on social media. To do so we propose a neural network architecture that is trained to distinguish among different types of charts, for instance line graphs or scatter plots, and predict how much they will be shared. This poses significant challenges because of the varying format and quality of the charts that are posted, and the limitations in existing training data. To start with, our proposed system outperforms related work in chart type classification on the ReVision corpus. Furthermore, we use crowdsourcing to build a new corpus, more suitable to our aims, consisting of chart images shared by data journalists on Twitter. We evaluate our system on the second corpus with respect to both chart identification and virality prediction, with promising results.
Green Your Own Device! A Study on Consumers' Preferences for Eco-Design Principles

Rising amounts of electronic waste are an increasingly pressing global issue. Thus, eco-design principles, which aim to extend information technologies’ (IT) lifecycle and facilitate reuse in a closed-loop fashion, are gaining attention by policy-makers and practitioners. Hitherto, eco-design principles have not been entirely recognized by Green IT literature. Hence, our empirical understanding on consumers’ perceived value of IT designed for longevity and reuse is limited. To gain insights into consumer preferences regarding eco-design principles, we analyse the perceived value of IT designed for waste minimization and resource efficiency. Further, we empirically test hypothesized relationships between preferences and psychological motivations using a sample of 270 consumers. Our results indicate that consumers are willing to pay more for consumer IT that entails eco-design principles. Attributes related to pre-use (sourcing, manufacturing) and use (hardware modularity, software updates) are valued more than post-use characteristics (disposal, reuse). We interpret these results in light of consumers’ underlying motivational characteristics that affect individual decision-making. The study’s findings advance our understanding of critical consumer preferences and factors that influence decision-making for more sustainable consumer IT.
Laboratory experiments on the impact of biofilms on the plankton of a large river

Summary 1. Benthic organisms can have a strong effect on the plankton in rivers, although normally only members of the macrofauna are considered as important consumers. In the present study we conducted experiments on four different dates (in December, March, June and September) to assess the potential role of periphytic heterotrophic flagellates (HF), ciliates and rotifers in the control of potamoplankton (bacteria, algae, HF and ciliates). 2. Natural periphyton was established on the walls of circular flow channels by exposing them to river water (River Rhine, Germany). The experimental channels (with periphyton) and control channels (without periphyton) were filled with riverine water and the increase rates of planktonic bacteria, algae, HF and oligotrich ciliates were determined for the two treatments. 3. The abundance of periphytic ciliates and rotifers at the beginning of the four experiments showed large differences with low values in December and March, and high values in June and September. Dominant potential consumers of plankton were the heterotrich ciliate Stentor sp. and bdelloid rotifers. 4. The rates of increase of planktonic algae, HF and ciliates were significantly smaller in the presence of periphyton compared with those in their absence. Significant interactions between the treatment (with and without periphyton) and the time of experiment were found for the planktonic HF and algae, indicating that the impact of the periphyton varied temporarily. The planktonic groups responded differently to the periphyton with the planktonic HF showing the highest loss rate. Significant differences were also found among the loss rates of different HF groups and different diatom size classes. 5. These laboratory experiments demonstrate that periphytic ciliates and rotifers are potentially important consumers of different planktonic groups. The quantitative impact of periphyton on plankton with respect to the selective feeding needs further attention.
The relative importance of neighbours and abiotic environmental conditions for population dynamic parameters of two alpine plant species

1 Vegetation removal manipulations over four growing seasons in an alpine Dryas heath at Finse, south Norway, were used to examine the role of neighbour vegetation in the population dynamics of the forb Thalictrum alpinum and the sedge Carex vaginata. We also increased temperature (by open top chambers) and nutrient availability to assess if effects of surrounding vegetation may be modified by environmental change. 2 Removal of neighbour vegetation increased the number of leaves of Thalictrum and Carex, whereas flowering stems and leaf stalks of Thalictrum became significantly shorter. Furthermore, increased plant growth after nutrient addition and warming suggests that both abiotic environmental conditions and biotic interactions limit plant growth at Finse. 3 Our results suggest that there is competition for nutrients at Finse, but that surrounding vegetation may also have facilitative sheltering effects on other species. 4 Interactions between vegetation removal and abiotic factors on population dynamic parameters of Thalictrum suggest that plant–plant interactions may be modified if temperature and nutrient availability increase under climate change. 5 The responses of the two target species to the removal of the general neighbour vegetation were less pronounced than their responses to the removal of the dominant Dryas octopetala examined in a previous study. This suggests that one dominant species may affect the population dynamics of other species more than the net effect of all the other species in the community in concert. 6 Our results show that biotic interactions may affect alpine plant populations and thereby structure alpine plant communities. Furthermore, the effects of neighbours and abiotic environmental changes on alpine plant growth may depend on the species identity of the neighbours.
Understanding Purchase Intention in E-Commerce Live Streaming: Roles of Relational Benefits, Technological Features and Fan Identity Salience

E-commerce live streaming is flourishing in online marketplace, and an increasing number of customers make purchase via Internet celebrity streamers’ live stream sessions. Such prosperity intensifies the competition. To survive in the competition, it is crucial for Internet celebrity streamers to understand what stimulates customers to purchase in their live stream sessions. Incorporating the literature of relational benefits and fan identity salience, we propose that three relational benefits (i
Density and distribution of advance regeneration in mountain pine beetle killed lodgepole pine stands of the Montane Spruce zone of southern British Columbia

Insect outbreaks, such as the current mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) outbreak in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) forests in British Columbia, are major disturbances in many forests. After an insect outbreak, the advance regeneration typically forms a new canopy, which may be adequate for timber objectives in some stands. Our purpose was to quantify and then model the abundance and spatial distribution of advance regeneration (trees <10.0 m tall). We sampled understory and overstory trees in 28 lodgepole pine stands in south-central British Columbia at two spatial scales: 0.1 ha plots and 25 m2 subplots. We developed models predicting advance regeneration abundance and spatial distribution. Density of advance regeneration averaged 2689 trees/ha (range 120 to 23 000 trees/ha), most of which were <1 m tall. Although advance regeneration was clumped, 75% of the subplots contained at least one individual. Models indicated negative relationships of .
Theorizing on the Normalization of Digital Transformations

Digital transformation has become a global priority on leadership agendas. Leaders have growing expectations from the promise of digital transformations to make a strategic contribution to their business survival and success. Yet, compared to insights on digital technologies, the extant literature provides sparse coverage on theories to examine or explain the process of digital transformations, for example how they become implemented, embedded, integrated, and evaluated in practice. The objec-tive of this article is to explore and summarize the literature on key challenges associated with digital transformation. To advance our understanding of digital transformations, Normalization Process Theory (NPT) is presented as a way to theorize about the normalization of digital transformations. From a research and practice perspective, NPT can be adopted to focus on the processes which create value and sustain change for those undergoing digital transformations – activities which are very often ignored, yet central to the success or failure of a transformation process. A summary of a research agenda is also provided on the normalization of digital transformations.
Process-based model for direct and indirect effects of hydrographic conditions on Central Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) egg mortality

A process-oriented model for the mortality of eggs of cod Gadus morhua in the Central Baltic Sea is developed, based on a synthesis of existing knowledge of the effects of salinity, oxygen and predation by sprat Sprattus sprattus. The models show the importance of the vertical and temporal overlap between eggs and predations. Effects related to the changing buoyancy of the eggs due to age and size of the mother fish, batch number and stock structure are not of major importance for the egg survival of this stock. It is demonstrated that under the present high sprat predation pressure, the observed delay in spawning time has increased egg survival.
Exotic Earthworm Communities Within Upland Deciduous Forests of National Wildlife Refuges in the Upper Midwest

Abstract The invasion of exotic earthworms into forests of the Upper Midwest region of the United States is a considerable management issue due to the ability of earthworms to act as ecosystem engineers and modify existing ecosystems. Earthworm taxa differ in their biology and behavior, such that earthworm abundance and community composition can be related to the type and degree of alteration expected to occur. Many National Wildlife Refuges of the Upper Midwest have enabling legislation that identifies migratory birds as a specific management priority, and past studies have indicated that earthworm-modified forests provide lower quality habitat for migratory, ground-nesting birds. We quantified exotic earthworm community composition, abundance, and variability within and among upland deciduous forest stands at six of these refuges (Horicon, Ottawa, Rice Lake, Seney, Shiawassee, and Tamarac), providing a baseline for estimating the status of earthworm invasion. Analyses revealed a significant difference i.
Propagation of Rare Plants from Historic Seed Collections: Implications for Species Restoration and Herbarium Management

Herbaria are potentially important repositories of living seeds that could be useful for recovery of rare plant species. To examine this capacity, we tested seed germination of rare milkweed (Asclepias) and milkvetch (Astragalus) species representing different collection dates and different herbaria. These groups have contrasting seed characteristics, with greater potential for longevity in the nonpermeable hard-coated milkvetch seeds. Twelve-year-old Asclepias lanuginosa seeds failed to germinate. However, we achieved 45% germination from three-year-old Asclepias meadii seeds, but germination dropped to 0% after ages of four to five years. Astragalus neglectus seeds germinated from 97-, 48-, and 28-year-old herbarium specimens, and Astragalus tennesseensis seeds germinated from a four-year-old collection. Seedlings produced from these experiments were incorporated into ex situ garden populations for recovery or restoration of rare species populations. Different herbarium pest control techniques may have significant bearing on the viability of seeds stored on herbarium specimens. Microwaving can cause precipitous loss of seed viability, while deep-freezing appears to allow some seeds to remain viable. Potentially live seeds of rare species should be stored under conditions that enhance their long-term viability.
A comparison of foraging behaviour in the North Sea by Black-legged Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla from an inland and a maritime colony

Capsule Black-legged Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla from an inland and a maritime colony in the North Sea had similar patterns of foraging behaviour, using coastal as well as distant offshore areas for foraging. Aims To compare the foraging behaviour of Black-legged Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla nesting at two contrasting colonies in the North Sea, a colony on one of the outermost Farne Islands and a unique inland colony on the Tyne Bridge, Newcastle upon Tyne, and to test the hypothesis that foraging by birds from the inland colony would be in more-coastal waters compared to the island colony. Methods Global positioning system loggers were used to compare foraging strategies of birds from the two sites. Foraging locations were inferred from analysis of movement patterns from fine-scale positional data. Results The characteristics of foraging trips were similar for birds from both sites, with trips lasting up to 17.6 hours and covering distances of 6.2–370.6 km. Behaviour during the trips was partitioned into direct flight, not-foraging behaviour and foraging behaviour. Contrary to expectation and despite the 72 km distance between colonies, there was some overlap in foraging locations of the tagged birds from each colony. Furthermore, the foraging locations included coastal waters and areas over 100 km from land. Conclusion These data suggest that factors other than proximity to foraging areas may be more important for inland-nesting Kittiwakes.
Current perspectives on atypical pneumonia in children

The major pathogens that cause atypical pneumonia are Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by M. pneumoniae or C. pneumoniae is common in children and presents as a relatively mild and self-limiting disease. CAP due to L. pneumophila is very rare in children and progresses rapidly, with fatal outcomes if not treated early. M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, and L. pneumophila have no cell walls; therefore, they do not respond to β-lactam antibiotics. Accordingly, macrolides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones are the treatments of choice for atypical pneumonia. Macrolides are the first-line antibiotics used in children because of their low minimum inhibitory concentrations and high safety. The incidence of pneumonia caused by macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae that harbors point mutations has been increasing since 2000, particularly in Korea, Japan, and China. The marked increase in macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MRMP) is partly attributed to the excessive use of macrolides. MRMP does not always lead to clinical nonresponsiveness to macrolides. Furthermore, severe complicated MRMP responds to corticosteroids without requiring a change in antibiotic. This implies that the hyper-inflammatory status of the host can induce clinically refractory pneumonia regardless of mutation. Empirical macrolide therapy in children with mild to moderate CAP, particularly during periods without M. pneumoniae epidemics, may not provide additional benefits over β-lactam monotherapy and can increase the risk of MRMP.