Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pulse oximetry SpO 2 signal for automated identification of sleep apnea: a review and future trends

Sleep apnea (SA) is characterized by intermittent episodes of apnea or hypopnea paused or reduced breathing, respectively each lasting at least ten seconds that occur during sleep. SA has an estimated global prevalence of 200 million and is associated with medical comorbidity, and sufferers are also more likely to sustain traffic- and work-related injury due to daytime somnolence. SA is amenable to treatment if detected early. Polysomnography (PSG) involving multi-channel signal acquisition is the reference standard for diagnosing SA but is onerous and costly. For home-based detection of SA, single-channel SpO 2 signal acquisition using portable pulse oximeters is feasible. Machine (ML) and deep learning (DL) models have been developed for automated classification of SA versus no SA using SpO 2 signals alone. In this work, we review studies published between 2012 and 2022 on the use of ML and DL for SpO 2 signal-based diagnosis of SA. A literature search based on PRISMA recommendations yielded 297 publications, of which 31 were selected after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 20 ML and 11 DL models; their methods, differences, results, merits, and limitations were discussed. Many studies reported encouraging performance, which indicates the utility of SpO 2 signals in wearable devices for home-based SA detection.
Tixagevimab/cilgavimab for prevention and treatment of COVID-19: a review

ABSTRACT Introduction There is a need to protect vulnerable individuals who do not respond to vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), particularly following the emergence of new variants. Tixagevimab/cilgavimab, the only monoclonal antibody combination authorized for pre-exposure prophylaxis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), demonstrated efficacy in unvaccinated individuals in the PROVENT study. Areas covered This review focuses predominantly on real-world evidence examining the effectiveness and safety of tixagevimab/cilgavimab in populations who are immunocompromised and otherwise vulnerable. The ability of tixagevimab/cilgavimab to neutralize Omicron subvariants, the appropriate dosage in vulnerable populations, and the impact of prior vaccination on tixagevimab/cilgavimab effectiveness are also discussed. Expert opinion The tixagevimab/cilgavimab combination is important in providing protection in people who either cannot have a full vaccination or respond poorly to COVID-19 vaccines. Abundant clinical data have emerged to inform clinical use in adults in need, although some additional data–formal pediatric and adolescent studies, plus information on optimal doses required to protect against emerging variants, and the ideal interval between tixagevimab/cilgavimab dosing and vaccination–would be welcomed. Importantly, despite the current effectiveness of tixagevimab/cilgavimab, we must recognize the possibility that resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants could emerge in the future.
The relationship between the mode of presentation, CT‐derived body composition, systemic inflammatory grade and survival in colon cancer

Within colorectal cancer, the systemic inflammatory response (SIR) and CT‐derived body composition, particularly the loss of lean muscle mass, are independently associated with oncological outcomes; however, no study has included both non‐metastatic and metastatic disease. The present study analyses the association between body composition, mode of presentation, SIR and survival in patients with TNM I–IV colon cancer.
Longitudinal Associations of Neuroticism With Life Satisfaction and Social Adaptation in a Nationally Representative Adult Sample.

OBJECTIVE Correlational studies have frequently linked neuroticism to lower well-being and poorer social adaptation. In this study, we examined the longitudinal associations of neuroticism with life satisfaction and aspects of social adaptation (i.e., loneliness, number of close friends, and interpersonal trust). METHOD Cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs) and random intercepts cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs) were used to analyze the prospective associations between variables in a nationally representative adult sample from Germany (N = 5,663 to 11,079 per analysis; 2-4 measurement waves with lags of 4-5 years). RESULTS CLPMs indicated that higher neuroticism was related to lower life satisfaction, higher loneliness, fewer friends, and lower interpersonal trust, but not vice versa. At the within-person level, RI-CLPMs revealed similar findings with increased neuroticism predicting decreases in life satisfaction, increases in loneliness, and decreases in interpersonal trust. Indices of social adaptation partially mediated the link between neuroticism and life satisfaction at the between-person but not at the within-person level. Exploratory multigroup analyses support the generalization of the cross-lagged effects of neuroticism on life satisfaction and social adaptation across age, gender, and geographical regions (East versus West Germany). CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the role of neuroticism in shaping psychosocial outcomes over time.
Probing interstellar extinction near the 30 Doradus nebula with red giant stars

We have studied the interstellar extinction in a field of 3' x 3' located about 6' SW of 30 Doradus in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Hubble Space Telescope observations in the U, B, V, I and Halpha bands reveal patchy extinction in this field. The colour-magnitude diagram (CMD) shows an elongated stellar sequence, almost parallel to the main sequence (MS), which is in reality made up of stars of the red giant clump (RC) spread across the CMD by the uneven levels of extinction in this region. Since these objects are all at the same distance from us and share very similar physical properties, we can derive quantitatively both the extinction law in the range 3000 - 8000 Angstrom and the absolute extinction towards about 100 objects, setting statistically significant constraints on the dust grains properties in this area. We find an extinction curve considerably flatter than the standard Galactic one and than those obtained before for the LMC. The derived value of Rv = 5.6 +/- 0.3 implies that in this region larger grains dominate. Upper MS stars span a narrower range of E(B-V) values than RC objects, at variance with what has been found elsewhere in the LMC.
Users' perspective on rehabilitation interventions for young adult cancer survivors: A group concept mapping study

Abstract Objective We aim to identify and prioritise rehabilitation interventions to strengthen participation in everyday life for young adult cancer survivors (YACS) between 18 and 39 years, involving the perspectives of YACS and relevant stakeholders. Methods A group concept mapping study was conducted in Denmark from 2019 to 2020. Online, participants generated and sorted ideas followed by rating their importance. Multidimensional scaling followed by hierarchical cluster analyses were applied to generate a cluster rating map of the prioritised interventions, which participants validated at a face‐to‐face meeting. Finally, a concluding conceptual model of prioritised rehabilitation intervention for YACS was developed. Results The study involved 25 YACS, three family members and 31 professionals working with YACS. The conceptual model included 149 ideas classified into eight intervention components created by the participants: (1) Treatment and possibilities within the social and healthcare system, (2) Rights and Finance, (3) Education and Work, (4) Psychological problems, (5) Body and Everyday Life, (6) Peer‐to‐peer, (7) Sexuality and Relationships and (8) Family and Friends. All components were rated equally important, whereby 17 ideas across the eight components were rated very important. Conclusion This study indicates that rehabilitation of YACS should be composed of eight equally important intervention components requiring an interdisciplinary approach.
Random‐effects meta‐analysis models for the odds ratio in the case of rare events under different data‐generating models: A simulation study

Meta‐analysis of binary data is challenging when the event under investigation is rare, and standard models for random‐effects meta‐analysis perform poorly in such settings. In this simulation study, we investigate the performance of different random‐effects meta‐analysis models in terms of point and interval estimation of the pooled log odds ratio in rare events meta‐analysis. First and foremost, we evaluate the performance of a hypergeometric‐normal model from the family of generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs), which has been recommended, but has not yet been thoroughly investigated for rare events meta‐analysis. Performance of this model is compared to performance of the beta‐binomial model, which yielded favorable results in previous simulation studies, and to the performance of models that are frequently used in rare events meta‐analysis, such as the inverse variance model and the Mantel–Haenszel method. In addition to considering a large number of simulation parameters inspired by real‐world data settings, we study the comparative performance of the meta‐analytic models under two different data‐generating models (DGMs) that have been used in past simulation studies. The results of this study show that the hypergeometric‐normal GLMM is useful for meta‐analysis of rare events when moderate to large heterogeneity is present. In addition, our study reveals important insights with regard to the performance of the beta‐binomial model under different DGMs from the binomial‐normal family. In particular, we demonstrate that although misalignment of the beta‐binomial model with the DGM affects its performance, it shows more robustness to the DGM than its competitors.
MAGNETIC NON-POTENTIALITY OF SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS AND PEAK X-RAY FLUX OF THE ASSOCIATED FLARES

Predicting the severity of solar eruptive phenomena such as flares and coronal mass ejections remains a great challenge despite concerted efforts to do so over the past several decades. However, the advent of high-quality vector magnetograms obtained from Hinode (SOT/SP) has increased the possibility of meeting this challenge. In particular, the spatially averaged signed shear angle (SASSA) seems to be a unique parameter for quantifying the non-potentiality of active regions. We demonstrate the usefulness of the SASSA for predicting flare severity. For this purpose, we present case studies of the evolution of magnetic non-potentiality using 115 vector magnetograms of four active regions, namely, ARs NOAA 10930, 10960, 10961, and 10963 during 2006 December 8–15, 2007 June 3–10, 2007 June 28–July 5, and 2007 July 10–17, respectively. The NOAA ARs 10930 and 10960 were very active and produced X and M class flares, respectively, along with many smaller X-ray flares. On the other hand, the NOAA ARs 10961 and 10963 were relatively less active and produced only very small (mostly A- and B-class) flares. For this study, we have used a large number of high-resolution vector magnetograms obtained from Hinode (SOT/SP). Our analysis shows that the peak X-ray flux of the most intense solar flare emanating from the active regions depends on the magnitude of the SASSA at the time of the flare. This finding of the existence of a lower limit of the SASSA for a given class of X-ray flares will be very useful for space weather forecasting. We have also studied another non-potentiality parameter called the mean weighted shear angle (MWSA) of the vector magnetograms along with the SASSA. We find that the MWSA does not show such distinction as the SASSA for upper limits of the GOES X-ray flux of solar flares; however, both the quantities show similar trends during the evolution of all active regions studied.
Sex‐specific associations between gut microbiota and skeletal muscle mass in a population‐based study

A gut–muscle axis through which the microbiome influences skeletal muscle has been hypothesized. However, sex‐specific association between the characteristics of gut microbiota and skeletal muscle mass has not yet been reported. Herein, we performed sex‐specific analyses of faecal microbiota composition for the skeletal muscle mass in a population‐based cohort.
Genetic characterization of sheep pox virus strains from outbreaks in Central Russia in 2018 - 2019.

This study investigates the phylogenomic relatedness between sheep pox viruses (SPPVs) circulating in Central Russia in 2018-2019 with the NISKHI vaccine strain used in the country, based on their complete genome sequences. The sheep pox outbreaks occurred one year apart in the adjacent regions of Tula and Moscow. Full genome sequences were generated by sequencing DNA directly obtained from Trizol-extracted scabs, using the DNBSEQ-400 plattform (MGI Tech, China). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the SPPV isolates from Russia clusters with previously published sequences from Srinagar in the Kashmir province of India in 2000 (SPPV-Srinagar strain) as well as SPPV A strain from Kazakhstan in 2000. The aforementioned cluster belonged to a sister clade containing the NISKHI vaccine strain, thus indicating that the recent outbreaks were not genetically linked to the widely used vaccine. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Specificity of performance validity tests in patients with confirmed epilepsy

Abstract Objective: While assessment of performance validity is essential to neuropsychological evaluations, use of performance validity tests (PVTs) in an epilepsy population has raised concerns due to factors that may result in performance fluctuations. The current study assessed whether specificity was maintained at previously suggested cutoffs in a confirmed epilepsy population on the Warrington Recognition Memory Test (WRMT) – Words and Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM). Method: Eighty-two confirmed epilepsy patients were administered the WRMT-Words and TOMM as part of a standardized neuropsychological evaluation. Frequency tables were utilized to investigate specificity rates on these two PVTs. Results: The suggested WRMT-Words Accuracy Score cutoff of ≤42 was associated with a specificity rate of 90.2%. Five out of the 8 individuals falling below the Accuracy Score cutoff scored 42, suggesting specificity could be further improved by slightly lowering the cutoff. The WRMT-Words Total Time cutoff of ≥207 seconds was associated with 95.1% specificity. A TOMM Trial 1 cutoff of <40 was associated with 93.9% specificity, while the established cutoff of <45 on Trial 2 and the Retention Trial yielded specificity rates of 98.6% and 100.0%, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate acceptable performance on two PVTs in a select confirmed epilepsy population without a history of brain surgery, active seizures during testing, and/or low IQ, irrespective of various factors such as seizure type, seizure lateralization/localization, and language lateralization. The possible presence of interictal discharges were not controlled for in the current study, which may have contributed to reduced PVT performances.
Effects of Depression on Changes in Cognitive Function in Older Adults

Purpose: This study identified the rate of change in cognitive function of community-based middle-aged and older adults and investigated the longitudinal effects of depression, health status, and health behavior by cognitive function group [normal, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia] using data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. Methods: This longitudinal panel analysis collected 21,425 data points from 4285 participants. Cognitive function change patterns in the groups were examined through descriptive analysis. A fixed-effects model was estimated using demographic factors, such as depression, health behavior, and disease states as independent variables. Results: Compared with the baseline score of the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), the 8-year mean score decreased by 10.51, 8.6, and 1.21 for the dementia, MCI, and normal groups, respectively. The estimates for the normal group showed that an increase in the depression score significantly negatively impacted the MMSE score (B=−0.059, P<0.001). However, compared with those of the MCI group (B=−0.044, P>0.05), the estimates of the dementia group confirmed that depression significantly negatively affected cognitive function (B=−0.146, P<0.05). Conclusion: Each group showed different patterns of cognitive decline. An annual follow-up cognitive impairment screening to investigate changes in MMSE score in community-based older individuals can enable early detection of dementia.
Delonix regia seed pod—an efficient biosorptive candidate toward the removal of Rhodamine B from simulated wastewater: characterization, kinetics, and equilibrium approach

Abstract This study focused on the comparative analysis of biosorption performance of Delonix regia seed pod toward the removal of Rhodamine B (RB) from simulated solution using native (DRSP) and chemically treated form (ADRSP). The surface morphology, structural analysis, textural properties, and thermal analysis of DRSP and ADRSP were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. FTIR analysis concluded that surface functional groups like hydroxyl –OH stretching, C–N stretching, and C = C stretching of the aromatic ring were largely responsible for the attachment of RB. The chemical treatment enhanced the surface morphology of D. regia seed in terms of heterogeneity, distinct depth cavities, and irregular pores responsible for RB biosorption. The biosorption of RB was investigated using parametric analyses such as solution pH, biosorbent dosage, contact time, initial RB concentration, and operating temperature. The obtained equilibrium data were fitted with different isotherm and kinetic models. Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic were well suitable for the biosorption of RB using DRSP and ADRSP. The maximum monolayer biosorption capacities (mg/g) of DRSP and ADRSP were predicted to be 39.37 and 60.61, respectively. Using thermodynamic principles, the removal of RB was found to be thermodynamically feasible, endothermic, and spontaneous process. The results of the present study proved that DRSP and ADRSP can be identified as promising biosorbents for the removal of RB. NOVELTY STATEMENT The potential utilization of Delonix regia seed pod (native and chemically treated forms) for the removal of Rhodamine B (RB) from simulated water. Surface morphology, surface area, functional analysis, and thermal analysis of both native (DRSP) and treated forms (ADRSP) to understand materials properties before biosorption of RB. Parametric effects of dosage, initial pH, initial pollutant concentration, and temperature on biosorption capacity and biosorption (%) using native and treated forms of bisorbents. Implantation of different kinetic models and two-parameter isotherm models to examine the feasibility and type of biosorption. The maximum biosorption capacity (mg/g) of DRSP and ADRSP is predicted to be 39.37 and 60.61 using the Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. Identification of possible biosorption mechanism using the functional group analysis. Negative values of Gibbs free energy change ( and positive values of entropy change ( enthalpy change ( demonstrating the thermodynamic feasibility, increase in randomness at the solid-liquid interphase and endothermic biosorption
NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF NEARBY SEYFERT GALAXIES: IS THERE EVIDENCE FOR SHOCK EXCITATION IN NARROW-LINE REGIONS?

One of the important unsettled problems regarding active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is the major ionization mechanism of gas clouds in AGN narrow-line regions (NLRs). In order to investigate this issue, we present our J-band spectroscopic observations of a sample of 26 nearby Seyfert galaxies. In our study, we use the flux ratio of the following two forbidden emission lines, [Fe ii]1.257 μm and [P ii]1.188 μm, because it is known that this ratio is sensitive to the ionization mechanism. We obtain the [Fe ii]/[P ii] flux ratio or its lower limit for 19 objects. In addition to our data, we compile this flux ratio (or its lower limit) for 23 nearby Seyfert galaxies from the literature. Based on the collected data, we find that three Seyfert galaxies show very large lower limits of the [Fe ii]/[P ii] flux ratios (≳10): NGC 2782, NGC 5005, and Mrk 463. It is thus suggested that the contribution of the fast shock in the gas excitation is significantly large for them. However, more than half of the Seyfert galaxies in our sample show moderate [Fe ii]/[P ii] flux ratios (∼2), which is consistent with pure photoionization by power-law ionizing continuum emission. We also find that the [Fe ii]/[P ii] flux ratio shows no clear correlation with the radio loudness, suggesting that the radio jet is not the primary origin of shocks in NLRs of Seyfert galaxies.
Systemes de numeration lineaires et automates finis

On etudie des systemes de numeration ou la base est definie par une recurrence lineaire a coefficients entiers. La representation d'un entier n'y est pas necessairement unique. La representation obtenue par l'algorithme glouton est appelee representation normale. Nous etudions la fonction de normalisation qui consiste a passer d'une representation quelconque d'un entier a sa representation normale. Quand la relation de recurrence verifie certaines hypotheses, la normalisation peut etre realisee par un automate fini. L'addition de deux entiers peut aussi se faire a l'aide d'un automate fini. Ces resultats s'etendent a la representation des nombres reels en base theta, ou theta est un nombre de pisot
Energy as a Detector of Nonlocality of Many-Body Spin Systems

We present a method to show that low-energy states of quantum many-body interacting systems in one spatial dimension are nonlocal. We assign a Bell inequality to the Hamiltonian of the system in a natural way and we efficiently find its classical bound using dynamic programming. The Bell inequality is such that its quantum value for a given state, and for appropriate observables, corresponds to the energy of the state. Thus, the presence of nonlocal correlations can be certified for states of low enough energy. The method can also be used to optimize certain Bell inequalities: in the translationally invariant (TI) case, we provide an exponentially faster computation of the classical bound and analytically closed expressions of the quantum value for appropriate observables and Hamiltonians. The power and generality of our method is illustrated through four representative examples: a tight TI inequality for 8 parties, a quasi TI uniparametric inequality for any even number of parties, ground states of spin-glass systems, and a non-integrable interacting XXZ-like Hamiltonian. Our work opens the possibility for the use of low-energy states of commonly studied Hamiltonians as multipartite resources for quantum information protocols that require nonlocality.
Constraints on cosmological birefringence energy dependence from CMB polarization data

We study the possibility of constraining the energy dependence of cosmological birefringence by using CMB polarization data. We consider four possible behaviors, characteristic of different theoretical scenarios: energy-independent birefringence motivated by Chern-Simons interactions of the electromagnetic field, linear energy dependence motivated by a `Weyl' interaction of the electromagnetic field, quadratic energy dependence, motivated by quantum gravity modifications of low-energy electrodynamics, and inverse quadratic dependence, motivated by Faraday rotation generated by primordial magnetic fields. We constrain the parameters associated to each kind of dependence and use our results to give constraints on the models mentioned. We forecast the sensitivity that Planck data will be able to achieve in this respect.