Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE VIRUS AND RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS VIRUS DETECTION AND DISEASE IN WILD TURKEYS (MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO)

Abstract: Lymphoproliferative disease virus (LPDV) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) are oncogenic retroviruses that can cause disease in wild and domestic fowl. Lymphoproliferative disease virus infections are common and widespread in Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in the US and east-central Canada, while REV has been detected worldwide in numerous avian host species. We tested tissues (spleen, liver, and/or bone marrow, plus neoplastic tissue, if present) from 172 Wild Turkeys that underwent necropsy from December 2018 through October 2021 for both viruses using PCR. We evaluated demographic, geographic, temporal, and seasonal data by chi-square test of independence and logistic regression for turkeys infected with LPDV and/or REV. At least one of these retroviruses was detected in 80.8% (139/172) of Wild Turkeys from 15 US states, with significantly more turkeys being positive for LPDV (72.1%, 124/172) versus REV (43.6%, 75/172; P<0.001). Both viruses (coinfections) were detected in 34.9% (60/172) of turkeys. Among LPDV-infected turkeys (including coinfections), bone marrow had the highest detection rate (38/58, 65.5%), significantly higher than spleen (30/58, 51.7%) and liver (20/58, 34.5%; P<0.001). In REV-infected turkeys, bone marrow had the highest detection rate (24/58, 41.4%). All three tissues (spleen, liver, bone marrow) concurrently tested positive in most (15/25, 60%) REV-infected turkeys. These results suggest LPDV tissue tropism for bone marrow, whereas REV may have broader tissue tropism. Histopathology consistent with lymphoid proliferation and/or neoplasia characteristic of lymphoproliferative disease was evident in 29/172 (16.9%) turkeys assessed, including two REV-only–infected turkeys. Season was significantly associated with LPDV prevalence (highest in winter); year and season were both significantly associated with REV prevalence (highest in 2020 and winter). These data contribute to optimizing diagnostic strategies that may aid in pathogen monitoring and improve detections to increase our understanding of the potential impacts of these viruses on Wild Turkey populations.
The U.S. forest carbon accounting framework: stocks and stock change, 1990-2016

As a signatory to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the United States annually prepares an inventory of carbon that has been emitted and sequestered among sectors (e.g., energy, agriculture, and forests). For many years, the United States developed an inventory of forest carbon by comparing contemporary forest inventories to inventories that were collected using different techniques and definitions from more than 20 years ago. Recognizing the need to improve the U.S. forest carbon inventory budget, the United States is adopting the Forest Carbon Accounting Framework, a new approach that removes this older inventory information from the accounting procedures and enables the delineation of forest carbon accumulation by forest growth, land use change, and natural disturbances such as fire. By using the new accounting approach with consistent inventory information, it was found that net land use change is a substantial contributor to the United States forest carbon sink, with the entire forest sink offsetting approximately 15 percent of annual U.S. carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels. The new framework adheres to accounting guidelines set forth by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change while charting a path forward for the incorporation of emerging research, data, and the needs of stakeholders (e.g., reporting at small scales and boreal forest carbon).
A reference radiosonde system for climate and weather research: IHOP experience

Global radiosonde data are required by meteorological analysis centers for initializing numerical prediction models for weather forecasting, and represent an increasingly valuable resource for studies of climate change and in the development, calibration and validation of retrieval techniques for atmospheric temperature and water vapor profiles from satellite. Unfortunately, the usefulness of radiosonde data is limited by sensor accuracy, by data reporting practices, and by the fact that sonde and sensor types vary by location and with time. Numerous studies and reports have called for a reference sonde to serve as a transfer standard to compare and connect data from past, present and future sonde systems. We are working on developing a reference radiosonde system at the Atmospheric Technology Division (ATD) at NCAR. The reference radiosonde system will carry the best sensors, have a flexible infrastructure to host multiple and different user-provided sensors and will be recoverable to reduce costs. The first version of the reference radiosonde system was deployed in the Oklahoma panhandle and Dodge City, KS (NWS radiosonde site) during the International H2O Project (IHOP_2002). A total of sixteen reference sondes were launched during IHOP either with Vaisala RS80 or Sippican (VIZ) radiosondes. The humidity data from the reference humidity sensor (Snow White, SW) are compared with Vaisala and VIZ data. The comparisons show that (a) VIZ carbon hygristor fails to respond to humidity changes in the upper troposphere, (b) the carbon hygristor inside the reference sonde has slower response than that inside NWS VIZ sonde, (c) Vaisala RS80-H agrees with SW very well in the middle and lower troposphere, and (d) SW can detect cirrus clouds near the tropopause and possibly estimate their ice water content (IWC). The climate impacts of these results are also discussed.
Rotator Cuff Repair in Pediatric and Adolescent Athletes: Indications and Outcomes

Rotator cuff (RC) tears in pediatric and adolescent athletes are rare events. In these patients, RC tears are more likely to be traumatic or related to overuse among overhead. Repeated movements of abduction and external rotation are frequent mechanisms of injury. The supraspinatus is the most commonly involved tendon and the articular-sided tears are more common than the bursal side. Magnetic resonance imaging is considered the gold standard for diagnosing RC tears. Conservative treatment, arthroscopic, and open repair are all effective treatment methods depending on the type of injury. The risk of growth plate injury in these patients should be always considered when planning surgical interventions. Return to sport for competitive-level throwing athletes represents the greatest challenge in the treatment of these injuries.
Chemical profiling by UHPLC-Q-TOF-HRESI-MS/MS and antibacterial properties of Entada abyssinica (Fabaceae) constituents.

A rapid untargeted UHPLC-Q-TOF-ESI-MS/MS-Based metabolomic profiling of the medicinal plant Entada abyssinica was performed. A total of 18 metabolites were detected, of which 10 could not be identified. Based on this result, an extensive chemical investigation of the CH2Cl2-MeOH (1:1) extract of this plant was carried out, leading to the isolation of a new ceramide, named entadamide (1), together with nine known compounds: monomethyl kolavate (2), 24-hydroxytormentic acid (3) chondrillasterol (4), 3-O-β-D glucopyranosylstigmasterol (5), 3-O-β-D glucopyranosylsitosterol (6), quercetin 3'-methylether (7), 2,3-dihydroxypropyl icosanoate (8), 2,3-dihydroxy-propyl 23-hydroxytricosanoate (9) and 2,3-dihydroxy-propyl 24-hydroxytetracosanoate (10). Their structures were elucidated by the analyses of their spectroscopic and spectrometric data (1D and 2D NMR, and HRESI-MS) in comparison with those reported in the literature. Furthermore, the crude extract and some isolated compounds were tested against non-ciprofloxacin resistant strains viz, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Samonella thyphi (ATCC 19430) and Samonella enterica (NR4294). The tested samples demonstrated significant activity against all the tested bacteria (MIC values: 3.12-12.5 μg/mL).
Advances in amyloid-targeting monoclonal antibodies for Alzheimer’s disease: clinical and public health issues

ABSTRACT Introduction Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major global public health challenge. To date, no treatments have been shown to stop the underlying pathological processes. The cerebral accumulation of amyloid-beta (Ab) is still considered as the primum movens of AD and disease-modifying treatments targeting Ab are reaching – or have already reached – clinical practice. Areas covered The authors explore the main advancements from Aβ-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for the treatment of AD. From a public health perspective, they address ethically relevant issues such as the benevolence and non-maleficence principles. They report on the potential biological and clinical benefits of these drugs, discussing minimal clinically important differences (MCID) and other relevant outcomes. They examine the short- and long-term effects of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), and explore the differences between eligibility criteria in clinical trials, appropriate use recommendations, and prescribing information content. In doing so, they contextualize the discussion on the disagreements among different regulatory authorities. Expert opinion Although anti-β-amyloid monoclonal antibodies may be effective in selected scenarios, non-negligible knowledge gaps and implementation limits persist. Overcoming these gaps can no longer be postponed if we are to ensure the principles of Quality of Care for patients with cognitive impairment who would be eligible for this class of drugs.
Estudio palinológico del tránsito Pliensbachiense/Toarciense en la Rambla del Salto (Sierra Palomera, Teruel, España)

A palynological study carried out at the Pliensbachian-Toarcian passage beds of the Rambla del Salto section (Teruel province, E. Spain) has led to the identification of twenty-one taxa belonging to sorne different groups of Protoctista, gymnospenn and vascular criptogamme plants. The identified taxa show a wide stratigraphic range and have low biostratigraphic value. Two separate intervals are distinguished by their content in planktic elements. In both intervals palynologic associations are difficult to compare with other european basins. Recorded planktic taxa disappear at the Miiabile-Semicelatum Subzone transition (lower Toarcian). This might be related with the suboxie events which has been recognised elsewhere in some other areas in the basin.
Using eye tracking to identify cultural differences in information seeking behavior.

The main goal of this research is to investigate how people with different cultural background dinner in their interaction style and visual behavior on search engine results pages (SERP), more specifically between groups from the Middle Eastern region vs. Western Europe. The researchers conducted a controlled eye-tracking experiment to explore and evaluate the visual behavior of Arab (U.A.E) and Spaniard users when scanning through the first page of the search results in Google. Significant differences were observed in the 4 aspects of the study: U.A. E. participants stayed longer on the SERPs, read more search results and viewed each snippet in a more detailed way than their counterpart, Spaniards. In Spain, people tended to scan the SERP, reading less text on each snippet, and chose a result among the first top ranked ones without paying attention to those in the bottom positions.
Cerebral uptake of microvesicles occurs in normocapnic but not hypocapnic passive hyperthermia in young healthy male adults

Passive hyperthermia causes cerebral hypoperfusion primarily from heat‐induced respiratory alkalosis. However, despite the cerebral hypoperfusion, it is possible that the mild alkalosis might help to attenuate cerebral inflammation. In this study, the cerebral exchange of extracellular vesicles (microvesicles), which are known to elicit pro‐inflammatory responses when released in conditions of stress, were examined in hyperthermia with and without respiratory alkalosis. Ten healthy male adults were heated passively, using a warm water‐perfused suit, up to core temperature + 2°C. Blood samples were taken from the radial artery and internal jugular bulb. Microvesicle concentrations were determined in platelet‐poor plasma via cells expressing CD62E (activated endothelial cells), CD31+/CD42b− (apoptotic endothelial cells), CD14 (monocytes) and CD45 (pan‐leucocytes). Cerebral blood flow was measured via duplex ultrasound of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries to determine cerebral exchange kinetics. From baseline to poikilocapnic (alkalotic) hyperthermia, there was no change in microvesicle concentration from any cell origin measured (P‐values all >0.05). However, when blood CO2 tension was normalized to baseline levels in hyperthermia, there was a marked increase in cerebral uptake of microvesicles expressing CD62E (P = 0.028), CD31+/CD42b− (P = 0.003) and CD14 (P = 0.031) compared with baseline, corresponding to large increases in arterial but not jugular venous concentrations. In a subset of seven participants who underwent hypercapnia and hypocapnia in the absence of heating, there was no change in microvesicle concentrations or cerebral exchange, suggesting that hyperthermia potentiated the CO2/pH‐mediated cerebral uptake of microvesicles. These data provide insight into a potential beneficial role of respiratory alkalosis in heat stress.
Correlation and path coefficient studies in maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes under 40% soil moisture contents

The present study pertaining to the estimation of genetic parameters and characters association in forty maize genotypes was conducted in the glasshouse of the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, during the crop season in February 2009 at 40% moisture level. The data for various quantitative characters were recorded, statistically analyzed. The path-coefficients were computed to estimate the contribution of individual characters to the fresh shoot length. Investigations regarding path coefficient showed that fresh root length had maximum direct effect on fresh shoot length at 40% moisture level followed by dry root weight, root density, leaf temperature and dry shoot weight. It was concluded that fresh root length, dry root weight, root density, leaf temperature and dry shoot weight are the characters which contribute largely to fresh shoot length of maize seedlings and selection can be made on the basis of these characters. Key words: Zea mays, correlation, path coefficient, genotypic, phenotypic, Pakistan.a
Investigating snow accumulation variability on the Antarctic Peninsula using Ground Penetrating Radar - A tool for interpreting ice core records

In this study Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has been used to investigate snow accumulation variability in the southwestern Antarctic Pen insula to aid the interpretation of a new ice core record. The GPR revealed homogeneity in the observed isochrones to a depth of 150 meters, encompassing the depth of the ice core (136 meters), over a 20 km radius from the central drill site. The GPR records have been used to validate accumulation records that reveal a doubling in snowfall in the southwestern Peninsula since 1850 allowing us to infer that this is a true climate signature and not a result of topography changes or flow.
Measuring Racial Differences in Obesity Risk Factors in Non-Hispanic Black and White Men Aged 20 Years or Older

Obesity prevalence in the United States has increased drastically in the last two decades. Racial differences in obesity have emerged with the increase in obesity, with temporal trends because of individual, socioeconomic, and environmental factors, eating behaviors, lack of exercise, etc., raising questions about understanding the mechanisms driving these racial differences in the prevalence of obesity among non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) men. Although many studies have measured obesity using body mass index (BMI), little is known about waist circumference (WC). This study examines variations in obesity among NHW and NHB using BMI and WC. We used National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (1999–2016) with a sample of 9,000 NHW and 3,913 NHB men aged 20 years or older. To estimate the association between the prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥30) and race, we applied modified Poisson regression; to explore and decompose racial differences, we used Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition (OBD). We found that NHW had higher abdominal obesity (WC ≥102) than NHB, but NHB were more likely to be obese (BMI ≥30) during most years, with some fluctuations. Modified Poisson regression showed that NHB had a higher prevalence of obesity (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.04, 1.18]) but lower abdominal obesity (PR: 0.845; 95% CI = [0.801, 0.892]) than NHW. OBD showed that age, access to health care, smoking, and drinking contributed to the differences in abdominal obesity. The study identifies a significant increase in obesity among men over the last two decades; generalized obesity (based on BMI) was more problematic for NHB men, but abdominal obesity was more problematic for NHW men.
Nonlocal effective medium theory for phononic temporal metamaterials

We have developed a nonlocal effective medium theory (EMT) for phononic temporal metamaterials using the multiscale technique. Our EMT yields closed-form expressions for effective constitutive parameters and reveals these materials as reciprocal media with symmetric band dispersion. Even without spatial symmetry breaking, nonzero Willis coupling coefficients emerge with time modulation and broken time-reversal symmetry, when the nonlocal effect is taken into account. Compared to the local EMT, our nonlocal version is more accurate for calculating the bulk band at high wavenumbers and essential for understanding nonlocal effects at temporal boundaries. This nonlocal EMT can be a valuable tool for studying and designing phononic temporal metamaterials beyond the long-wavelength limit.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in Estonia in 2020 and 2021: A register‐based study

Abstract Introduction Data from different countries show partly controversial impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on pregnancy outcomes. A nationwide register‐based study was conducted in Estonia to assess the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection at any time during pregnancy on stillbirth, perinatal mortality, Apgar score at 5 minutes, cesarean section rates, rates of preterm birth and preeclampsia. Material and methods Data on all newborns and their mothers were obtained from the Estonian Medical Birth Registry, and data on SARS‐CoV‐2 testing dates, test results and vaccination dates against SARS‐CoV‐2 from the Estonian Health Information System. Altogether, 26 211 births in 2020 and 2021 in Estonia were included. All analyses were performed per newborn. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were analyzed for all outcomes, adjusted for mother's place of residence, body mass index, age of mother at delivery and hypertension and for all the aforementioned variables together with mother's vaccination status using data from 2021 when vaccinations against SARS‐CoV‐2 became available. For studying the effect of a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 test during pregnancy on preeclampsia, hypertension was omitted from the models to avoid overadjustment. Results SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of stillbirth (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.81; 95% CI 1.37–5.74) and perinatal mortality (aOR 2.34; 95% CI 1.20–4.56) but not with a lower Apgar score at 5 minutes, higher risk of cesarean section, preeclampsia or preterm birth. Vaccination slightly decreased the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during pregnancy on perinatal mortality. Conclusions A positive SARS‐CoV‐2 test during pregnancy was associated with higher rates of stillbirth and perinatal mortality in Estonia but was not associated with change in preeclampsia, cesarean section or preterm birth rates.
Use of Expansion Turbines in Natural Gas Pressure Reduction Stations

Využiti expanznich turbin při redukci tlaku zemniho plynu Through the use of expansion turbines in natural gas pressure reduction stations it is possible to produce clean, “green” electricity. Such energy recovery unit utilize the potential energy of natural gas being delivered under high pressure. Expansion turbines are not only efficient and profitable but meet the environmental criteria – no emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides or carbon dioxide.
Elevated serum neurofilament light chain protein in patients with essential tremor

Quantification of neurofilament light chain protein in serum (sNfL) enables the neuro‐axonal damage in peripheral blood to be reliably assessed and monitored. There is a long‐standing debate whether essential tremor represents a ‘benign’ tremor syndrome or whether it is linked to neurodegeneration. This study aims to investigate sNfL concentrations in essential tremor compared to healthy controls (cross‐sectionally and longitudinally) and to assess whether sNfL is associated with motor and nonmotor markers of disease progression.
Experimental Study on Upslope Runoff Effects on Ephemeral Gully Erosion Processes at Loessial Hillslope

A dual-box system(one was the test box located at the downslope and the other was the feeder box located at the upslope)was used to quantify effect of up-slope runoff and sediment on down-slope ephemeral gully erosion process under different sediment concentrations from up-slope runoff and rainfall intensities. The results showed erosion-transport process with ephemeral gully slope was dominated. The sediment delivery caused by up-slope runoff increasd by 26.2%～82.5% and 23.5%～58.7% when rainfall increased from 64 mm/h to 116 mm/h. The sediment delivery caused by up-slope runoff increased with a decrease of sediment concentration and an increase of rainfall intensity.
Use of a hybrid soft tissue autograft for gingival phenotype modification lingual to mandibular incisors

Presence of adequate dimensions of keratinized/attached gingiva (KT/AG) and gingival thickness (GT) is considered necessary to maintain optimal periodontal health and long-term stability of gingival margin. Gingival phenotype modification therapies to increase these two dimensions (GT and KT/AG) on the buccal aspect of teeth have been widely reported, but the literature on lingual gingival augmentation is scarce. The purpose of this paper is to report the outcomes of a case treated with an envelope flap combined with a hybrid soft tissue autograft (subepithelial connective tissue graft with an epithelial collar) for phenotype modification of gingiva lingual to mandibular incisors presenting with thin gingiva (<1 mm) and lack of AG in tooth # 31 and 42. At 12 months follow-up, a substantial gain in KT, AG and GT along with partial root coverage was achieved.