Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Good organizational reasons for better medical records: The data work of clinical documentation integrity specialists

Healthcare organizations and workers are under pressure to produce increasingly complete and accurate data for multiple data-intensive endeavors. However, little research has examined the emerging occupations arising to carry out the data work necessary to produce “improved” data sets, or the specific work activities of these emerging data occupations. We describe the work of Clinical Documentation Integrity Specialists (CDIS), an emerging occupation that focuses on improving clinical documentation to produce more detailed and accurate administrative datasets crucial for evolving data-intensive forms of healthcare accountability, management, and research. Using ethnographic methods, we describe the core of CDIS’ work as a translation practice in which the language, interests, and concerns of clinicians and clinical documentation are translated via real-time “nudging” and ongoing education of clinicians into the language, interests, and concerns of medical coders, structured administrative datasets, and the various stakeholders of these datasets. Further, we show how the institutional context of CDIS’ work shapes the occupational virtues that guide CDIS’ translation practice, including financial reimbursement, quality measures, clinical accuracy, and protecting clinician’s time. Despite the existence of these multiple virtues, financial reimbursement is the most prominent virtue guiding CDIS’ limited attention. Thus, overall clinical documentation is “improved” in specific, partial ways. This research provides one of the first studies of the emergent data work occupations arising in the wake of digitization and big data opportunities, and shows how local data settings shape large scale data in specific ways and thus may influence outcomes of analyses based on such data.
Dead-Man Behavior in the Blast Furnace Hearth—A Brief Review

The blast furnace campaign length is today usually restricted by the hearth life, which is strongly related to the drainage and behavior of the coke bed in the hearth, usually referred to as the dead man. Because the hearth is inaccessible and the conditions are complex, knowledge and understanding of the state of the dead man are still limited compared to other parts of the blast furnace process. Since a number of publications have studied different aspects of the dead man in the literature, the purpose of the current review is to compile the findings and knowledge in a comprehensive document. We mainly focus on contributions with respect to the dead man state, and those assessing its influence on the hearth performance in terms of liquid flow patterns, lining wear and drainage behavior. A set of common modeling approaches in this specific furnace area is also briefly presented. The aim of the review is also to deepen the understanding and stimulate further research on open questions related to the dead man in the blast furnace hearth.
Comparison of Proteomic, Metabolic, and Growth Profiles of Brettanomyces bruxellensis Isolates from Croatian Wines

Brettanomyces bruxellensis is one of the most important spoilage yeasts in red wine production. The aim of this paper was to investigate the diversity of B. bruxellensis isolates in regard to their proteomic, growth, and metabolic profiles. Ten isolates were obtained from several wineries in Croatian winegrowing regions during different phases of wine production. Proteomic analysis revealed 12 proteins that were expressed by all tested isolates and the reference strain. These proteins could be used as biomarkers in Dekkera/B. bruxellensis yeast identification. Five of these proteins were involved in carbohydrate metabolism (enolase, hxk2p, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, and pyruvate decarboxylase), and four were involved in protein biosynthesis (elongation factor 1-alpha, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5a, 60s ribosomal protein 13, and putative cytosolic ribosomal protein s24). One each was involved in cellular stress responses to glucose starvation (heat shock protein ssb1); ubiquitin conjugation pathways such as transcription, proteolysis trafficking, and kinase activation (ubiquitin); or nitrogen metabolism (peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase). Isolates identified as B. bruxellensis and taken during malolactic fermentation expressed 18 similar proteins, and isolates from aging in steel vessels/wood barrels or bottled wine expressed 23 and 24 similar proteins, respectively. Growth and metabolic profiles of these isolates were evaluated in two growth media (glucose complex and wine-mimicking media). The growth profiles of the tested isolates and conversion of hydroxycinnamic acids varied among the investigated media in that the use of glucose complex medium resulted in faster growth and consumption of hydroxycinnamic acids and in higher production of volatile phenols and esters. The results obtained suggest the possibility of applying proteomic fingerprinting for the identification and differentiation of B. bruxellensis wine isolates and reveal different spoilage capacities, such as growth and metabolic profiles, of the tested isolates.
First record of non-indigenous Paracaprella pusilla Mayer, 1890 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Caprellidae) in Golfo de Nicoya, Pacific Coast of Costa Rica

The caprellid Paracaprella pusilla from the Western Atlantic Ocean is reported for the first time in Golfo de Nicoya, Pacific coast of Costa Rica, representing the third registered invasion of this species in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), after Panama and Mexico. Individuals of P. pusilla at all stages of development, including juveniles, females (non ovigerous and ovigerous) and males, were sampled from submerged artificial structures at five locations along the coastal waters of Golfo de Nicoya between September 2014 and September 2017. This new report for the ETP indicates that the amphipod is well established in a tropical estuary of Costa Rica: Golfo de Nicoya, and represents the first caprellid reported from littoral waters of this country.
Absorption and mobility of radio-labelled calcium in chili pepper plants and sweet cherry trees

: Calcium (Ca) is often supplied to crop species to prevent the occurrence of Ca–related disorders. Mechanisms of Ca absorption and transport are not fully understood and the effectiveness of root and/or foliar Ca fertilization may be variable. To characterize the rate of Ca absorption and transport, trials were developed with chili pepper and sweet cherry plants, using 45 CaCl 2 as a tracer. The Ca treatments supplied were: (1) No 45 Ca (control); (2) 45 Ca soil application; (3) 45 Ca supply to basal leaves, and (4) 45 Ca application to apical leaves. After two months, plants were harvested for biomass and Ca content determination. The recovery of 45 Ca in different plant parts was measured with a liquid scintillation counter and leaf traits were observed by scanning electronic microscopy. In general, the highest 45 Ca concentrations were recovered in treated organs, while root applications led to highest 45 Ca translocation rates, which varied between chili pepper and cherry plants. For chili pepper, 45 Ca applied to the soil was detected mainly in roots (44 %) followed by leaves (36.6 %) stems (17.4 %) and fruits (2 %). In sweet cherry trees, soil–applied 45 Ca was principally recovered in roots (45.3 %), shoots (28.5 %), leaves (14.3 %) and trunks (11.9 %). The results provide evidence of increased absorption of root–applied Ca, as well as different degrees of Ca mobility between species. Foliar application led to major Ca increases in treated leaves, with Ca transported to other plant organs after apical leaf Ca supply chiefly in cherry trees.
Effects of plant growth regulators and explant type on the in vitro micro-propagation of wild ginger (Siphonochilus aethiopicus (Schweif.) B.L. Burt.)

Wild ginger is a medicinal plant which belongs to Zingeberaceae family. It is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of coughs, colds, flu, malaria and menstrual disorders. However, the plant is at the verge of extinction due to unsustainable harvesting practices. The objective of this study was to develop in vitro micro-propagation protocol for the wild ginger. The MS media with 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg L BAP, 2.0 mg L BAP + 0.5 mg L NAA, and 2.0 mg L BAP + 1.0 mg L NAA, were evaluated on leaf, corm and root explants for in vitro shoot regeneration via direct organogenesis. In vitro rooting was investigated on half strength MS medium augmented with 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg L NAA. Corm explants were significantly more effective in direct shoot regeneration in vitro than the leaf and root explants which neither regenerated shoots nor formed callus. The 1.0 mg L BAP produced shoots which were significantly higher in number and longer than those from other treatments. However, there was no significant difference between 1.0 and 0.5 mg L BAP. There was also no significant difference between the PGR-free MS medium and 0.5 mg L BAP. No shoots were observed on 2.0 mg L BAP, and on either of the combination of BAP and NAA. The half strength MS medium was effective on in vitro rooting, with no significant differences among the NAA concentrations on rooting percentage, number of roots and root length. From the results of this trial, it can be recommended that corm explants be used for direct shoot regeneration of wild ginger in vitro, with BAP of up to 1.0 mg L, and be rooted on half strength MS medium supplemented with NAA of up to 2.0 mg L.
A role for differential Rubisco activase isoform expression in C4 bioenergy grasses at high temperature

Rubisco activase (Rca) facilitates the release of sugar‐phosphate inhibitors at Rubisco catalytic sites during CO2 fixation. Most plant species express two Rca isoforms, the larger Rca‐α and the shorter Rca‐β, either by alternative splicing from a single gene or expression from separate genes. The mechanism of Rubisco activation by Rca isoforms has been intensively studied in C3 plants. However, the functional role of Rca in C4 plants where Rubisco and Rca are located in a much higher [CO2] compartment is less clear. In this study, we selected four C4 bioenergy grasses and the model C4 grass setaria (Setaria viridis) to investigate the role of Rca in C4 photosynthesis. All five C4 grass species contained two Rca genes, one encoding Rca‐α and the other Rca‐β, which were positioned closely together in the genomes. A variety of abiotic stress‐related motifs were identified in the Rca‐α promoter of each grass, and while the Rca‐β gene was constantly highly expressed at ambient temperature, Rca‐α isoforms were expressed only at high temperature but never surpassed 30% of Rca‐β content. The pattern of Rca‐α induction on transition to high temperature and reduction on return to ambient temperature was the same in all five C4 grasses. In sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), and setaria, the induction rate of Rca‐α was similar to the recovery rate of photosynthesis and Rubisco activation at high temperature. This association between Rca‐α isoform expression and maintenance of Rubisco activation at high temperature suggests that Rca‐α has a functional thermo‐protective role in carbon fixation in C4 grasses by sustaining Rubisco activation at high temperature.
Antimicrobial Stewardship Practice in the Ambulatory Setting From a National Cohort

Abstract Background The majority of antimicrobial use occurs in the ambulatory setting. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are effective in improving appropriate prescribing and are now required by accreditation bodies. Methods This was a cross-sectional, multicenter survey describing the current state of ambulatory ASPs in a national cohort of Vizient member hospitals with ambulatory healthcare settings and serves as a benchmark for stewardship strategies related to program effectiveness. Results One hundred twenty-nine survey responses from a variety of institution types across 44 states were received. Survey respondents reported a fully functioning ASP in 7% (9 of 129) of ambulatory practices compared with 88% (114 of 129) of inpatient institutions. Effectiveness in at least 1 antibiotic use-related outcome (ie, utilization, resistance, Clostridioides difficile infection, or cost) in the past 2 years was reported in 18% (18 of 100) of ambulatory and 84% (103 of 123) of inpatient ASPs. Characteristics of ambulatory ASPs demonstrating effectiveness were institution guidelines (89%, 16 of 18), rapid diagnostic testing for respiratory viruses or group A Streptococcus (89% 16 of 18), outpatient antibiograms (78% 14 of 18), and dedicated pharmacist support (72%, 13 of 18). Ambulatory ASP effectiveness was shown to increase as programs met more of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Core Elements of Outpatient Antimicrobial Stewardship (P < .001). Conclusions Antimicrobial stewardship programs are needed in the ambulatory setting, but they are not common. Currently, few ambulatory ASPs in this survey self-identify as fully functioning. The CDC Core Elements of antimicrobial stewardship should remain foundational for ASP development and expansion.
Long‐term urbanization impacts the eastern golden frog (Pelophylax plancyi) in Shanghai City: Demographic history, genetic structure, and implications for amphibian conservation in intensively urbanizing environments

Understanding the mechanisms of how urbanization influences the evolution of native species is vital for urban wildlife ecology and conservation in the Anthropocene. With thousands of years of agriculture‐dominated historical urbanization followed by 40 years of intensive and rapid urbanization, Shanghai provides an ideal environment to study how the two‐stage urbanization process influences the evolution of indigenous wildlife, especially of anuran species. Therefore, in this study, we used mitochondrial Cyt‐b gene, microsatellite (SSR), and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data to evaluate the demographic history and genetic structure of the eastern golden frog (Pelophylax plancyi), by sampling 407 individuals from 15 local populations across Shanghai, China. All local populations experienced bottlenecks during historical urbanization, while the local populations in urban areas maintained comparable contemporary effective population sizes (Ne) and genetic diversity with suburban and rural populations. Nevertheless, the rapid modern urbanization has already imposed significant negative effects to the integrity of populations. The 15 local populations were differentiated into eight genetic clusters, showing a spatial distribution pattern consistent with the current urbanization gradient and island–mainland geography. Although moderate gene flow still occurred from the rural peripheral cluster to urban and suburban clusters, population fragmentation was more serious in the urban and suburban populations, where higher urbanization levels within 2‐km radius areas showed significant negative relationships to the Ne and genetic diversity of local populations. Therefore, to protect urban wildlife with limited dispersal ability, improving conditions in fragmented habitat remnants might be most essential for local populations living in more urbanized areas. Meanwhile, we highlight the need to preserve large unfragmented rural habitats and to construct corridor networks to connect discrete urban habitat remnants for the long‐term wildlife conservation in intensively urbanizing environments.
Dry period length in Montbéliarde cows and its association with selected production and functional characteristics

Abstract. The study evaluated the effects of selected factors (dry period number, milk yield in standard lactation and length of full lactation) on the length of dry periods. The effect of dry period length on milk yield and composition, the frequency of milk samples with different somatic cell counts (SCC) and the course of lactation were also analysed. The study included 491 cycles (dry period and lactation) and 4 998 results of test-day milking conducted in a herd of 230 Montbeliarde cows. The cows were kept in a free-stall barn and fed total mixed rations (TMR). The average length of the dry period was found to be 85 days. The first dry period was 34-45 days longer than subsequent ones, which may have been due to the cows becoming acclimated after having been brought to the farm as in calf heifers. Increasing milk yield in standard lactation was accompanied by significantly shorter dry periods. The most beneficial dry periods in terms of milk yield were those lasting 22-41 days. The lowest yield was noted in lactations preceded by a dry period reduced to 0-21 days. However, this milk contained the most fat, protein and dry matter and the SCC did not exceed 400 000 cells/ml in 73.3 % of cases. The decrease in daily milk yield from its peak in the 2nd month to the 10th month after calving was smallest in cows with dry periods of 57-84 days, which may suggest that lactations in these cows were the most persistent.
Future climate impacts on the hydrology of headwater streams in the Amazon River Basin: Implications for migratory goliath catfishes

Climate‐driven alterations of hydro‐meteorological conditions can change river flow regimes and potentially affect the migration behaviour of fishes and the productivity of important fisheries in the Amazon basin, such as those for the continental‐scale migratory goliath catfishes (Brachyplatystoma, Pimelodidae). In this study, we investigated hydrologic responses to climate change using a hydrologic model forced with climate inputs, which integrate historical (2001–2010) observations and general circulation model (GCM) projections under the emission scenario Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5. We developed an empirical model to characterize future (2090–2099) climate‐change impacts on goliath catfish spawning migrations as a function of river flow depth dynamics at the upstream elevational limit of spawning (250 m) in headwater basins of the Amazon. The model results revealed spatially variable impacts of climate change on the catfish spawning migrations. The Marañón, Ucayali, Juruá, Purus, and Madeira basins had a predicted increase in the annual mean (3–8%) and maximum (1.1–4.9%) spawning migration rate (i.e., the fraction of fish that migrate to the spawning grounds in a day), mainly due to the lengthened rising phase of flow‐driven migratory events during wet seasons. The Caquetá‐Japurá, Putumayo‐Içá, Napo, and Blanco rivers had predicted decreases (3–7%) in the mean migration rate because of decreases in the length of the rising season of flow depth and the frequency of migratory events. The predicted timing of fish spawning migrations (quantified by the temporal centroid of migration rates) was delayed by 7–10 days in the west‐central and southwest regions and was 8 days earlier in the northwest and northcentral areas, due to changes in the onset of the rising season. We established a river depth baseline that controls the onset of goliath catfish spawning migration. This depth varies between 0.9–5.6 m across study sites. We found that the estimated depth baseline was most sensitive to uncertainties in river width and cross‐sectional channel shape. These results may help inform sustainable adaptation strategies for ecosystem conservation and local fisheries management in the Amazon basin.
Longitudinal analysis of subfoveal choroidal thickness after panretinal laser photocoagulation in diabetic retinopathy using swept-source optical coherence tomography

Purpose: To describe the central three-dimensional (3D) thickness profile of the macula (CMT) and the subfoveal choroidal region (SFCT) in diabetic retinopathy (DR) following panretinal laser photocoagulation (PRP) using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Methods: A prospective observational study including 17 eyes with proliferative DR (PDR) and 27 eyes with severe nonproliferative DR (sNPDR)] for whom PRP was done. All subjects received SS-OCT imaging before and 3 months after PRP (POM#3). SFCT and CMT changes were analysed at both visits. Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) and Coefficients of Variation (COV) were used to test the accuracy of thickness data. Results: SFCT has thinned from 233 ± 54 µm before PRP treatment to 216 ± 51 µm 3 months later (p < 0.001). Likewise, CMT declined at POM#3 as compared to pre-PRP status (p<0.001). SFCT was thinner in PDR before and at POM#3 (p<0.05) than sNPDR; whereas, no significant difference was observed in CMT between both groups in the two visits. No significant changes were found between groups in SFCT and CMT at POM#3. Regarding reliability, ICCSFCT=0.98 and ICCCMT=0.99. The COVs for CMT and SFCT were 5.03% and 5.91%, respectively. Conclusion: The mean SFCT and CMT decreased 3 months after PRP. We also reported reliability of SFCT measurements in DR using SS-OCT. Abbreviations: SS = Swept-Source, TD = time domain, SD = spectral domain, FD = Fourier-domain, 3D = three-dimensional, 2D = two-dimensional
Are CLO Collateral and Tranche Ratings Disconnected?

Between March and August 2020, S&P and Moody's downgraded approximately 25% of collateral feeding into CLOs and only 2% of tranche values, with rating actions concentrating in junior tranches. Both S&P and Moody's modeling indicate that the impacts should have been considerably larger, especially for higher-rated tranches. Neither changes in correlation nor the accumulation of pre-COVID-19 protective cushions can explain the downgrade asymmetry on upper tranches. Instead, CLO managers repositioned their collateral pools to dampen the negative credit shock and rating agencies incorporated qualitative adjustments in their CLO ratings. Important potential policy and market implications from these findings are discussed.
Phosphorylation of nephrin induces phase separated domains that move through actomyosin contraction

The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is organized into lipid and protein microdomains, whose assembly mechanisms and functions are incompletely understood. We demonstrate that proteins in the Nephrin/Nck/N-WASP actin-regulatory pathway cluster into micron-scale domains at the basal plasma membrane upon triggered phosphorylation of transmembrane Nephrin. The domains are persistent but readily exchange components with their surroundings, and their formation is dependent on the number of Nck SH3 domains, suggesting they are phase separated polymers assembled through multivalent interactions among the three proteins. The domains form independent of the actin cytoskeleton, but acto-myosin contractility induces their rapid lateral movement. Nephrin phosphorylation induces larger clusters at the cell periphery, which are associated with extensive actin assembly and dense filopodia. Our studies illustrate how multivalent interactions between proteins at the plasma membrane can produce micron-scale organization of signaling molecules, and how the resulting clusters can both respond to and control the actin cytoskeleton.