Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Formaldehyde Emission from Particleboardsby Bio-Scavengers

This study was to investigate the effect of addlng addltive as tannin, rlce husk and charcoal, for reducing the formaldehyde emission level, on the adhesion properties of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin for particleboard. We controlled the hot-pressing time, temperature and pressure to determine the bonding strength and formaldehyde emission. Blends of various UF resinladditives (tannin, rice husk and charcoal) compositions were prepared. To determine and compare the effect of additives (tannin, rice husk and charcoal) content, 0, 5, 10 and 15%, by weight of UF resin, were used. NH4Cl as hardener added. To determine the level of formaldehyde emission, we used the desiccator, perforator and 20 L-small chamber method. The formaldehyde emission level decreased with increased additions of additive (except rice husk). Also, increased hot-pressing time decreased formaldehyde emission level. At a charcoal replacement ratio of only 1596, the formaldehyde emission level is under F& & & & grade (emit
Capability of Existing Drought Indices in Reflecting Agricultural Drought in China

A variety of drought indices have been constructed to monitor agricultural drought using ground‐based observations and satellite data. The drought indices focus on diverse aspects of agricultural drought and may have diverse applicability in different regions. We calculated seven popular drought indices and evaluated their performances on monitoring agricultural drought in the main agricultural regions of China (i.e., Northeast China, the North China Plain, the middle‐and‐lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the Sichuan Basin). The independent assessment data used here included three aspects: soil moisture, vegetation photosynthesis (i.e., sun‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence, SIF), and crop yield. Results show that drought indices with one‐month time scale are more sensitive to topsoil moisture than drought indices with longer time scales. Drought indices based on regular meteorological data (DImet) and synthesized drought indices (DIsyn) show better performances on capturing drought impacts on the SIF than other drought indices. DIsyn is more appropriate for predicting drought impact on crop yield than other drought indices. In addition, drought impact on vegetation photosynthesis and crop yield is lessened in humid or irrigated regions. Our study sheds light on agricultural drought researches in the future.
Quantum Transpiler Optimization: On the Development, Implementation, and Use of a Quantum Research Testbed

Quantum computing research is at the cusp of a paradigm shift. As the complexity of quantum systems increases, so does the complexity of research procedures for creating and testing layers of the quantum software stack. However, the tools used to perform these tasks have not experienced the increase in capability required to effectively handle the development burdens involved. This case is made particularly clear in the context of IBM QX Transpiler optimization algorithms and functions. IBM QX systems use the Qiskit library to create, transform, and execute quantum circuits. As coherence times and hardware qubit counts increase and qubit topologies become more complex, so does orchestration of qubit mapping and qubit state movement across these topologies. The transpiler framework used to create and test improved algorithms has not kept pace. A testbed is proposed to provide abstractions to create and test transpiler routines. The development process is analyzed and implemented, from design principles through requirements analysis and verification testing. Additionally, limitations of existing transpiler algorithms are identified and initial results are provided that suggest more effective algorithms for qubit mapping and state movement.
"Is that normal?" What the Experiences of Apprentices Teach us about Practice and Policy

This study exposes the absence of apprentice voice in debates about quality, and explains the implications from a theoretical position of learning as a social construct. The early years of the 21st century witnessed a rapid growth in apprenticeships in England, with starts rising from 167,700 in 2002/3 to 375,800 in 2017/18. Ownership of the definition of apprenticeships is a contested matter with successive governments claiming that apprenticeships provide an alternative to university, and a cure for national skills shortages, social inequality and youth unemployment. Quality is conceived and measured using narrow economic- and employment-centred metrics. How apprentices conceive quality and success is largely unknown or ignored. I make the case that it is only by understanding the experiences and views of apprentices that we can start to make any headway into improving the quality of delivery. I interviewed 33 apprentices to determine what it is like to ‘do’ an apprenticeship and to ‘be’ an apprentice. The ethnographic methodology used champions the apprentices’ points-of-view, and allows me to discuss my findings in the context of theories about knowledge, identity, relationships, choice and power. The first apprentice that I interviewed wanted to know how her experiences compared with those of others, and the phrase, “Is that normal? ” became a leitmotif for the study, exposing the myth of a normal apprentice, upon which, much current policy is based. The original contribution of this thesis is to fill a gap in current knowledge, and provide a new apprentice-centred model to make sense of the apprentice experience. The thesis concludes with a challenge to those who create apprenticeship policy and deliver training, to develop a new and broader set of quality measures. I contend that adopting a more apprentice-centred approach will enhance the value of apprenticeships, and this has significant implications for employment and training.
Nurses’ Perception Toward Workplace Violence at Dammam Medical Tower, Saudi Arabia

Context: Male and female nurses face violence in their workplace because of daily exposure to challenging situations as a result of dealing with different types of patients, visitors, and their families. Aim: The study aimed to assess nurses' perceptions toward workplace violence at Dammam Medical Tower, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional design was used to conduct this study. The sample size consisted of 300 nurses working at Dammam Medical Tower using a convenient sampling technique from January to March 2019 and using a modified tool obtained from ‘Survey on Workplace Violence’ by Massachusetts Nurse’s Association. Results: The most common workplace violence for the last two years was verbal abuse and threatening. Additionally, sexual assault was less violent in the workplace. Around one-third of nurses reported all incidents to management, and less than half of them stated that the management was supportive and tried to find a solution. However, only 10% of them underwent related training regarding workplace violence prevention. Also, more than a quarter of nurses reported that a clear policy and procedures addressing violence are needed to combat violence in the workplace. There is a significant difference between nurses who work in outpatients or emergency department and total violence incidents. Conclusion: Verbal abuse and threatening are deemed to be the most common violence being occurred in the workplace, while patients and relatives are the commonest offenders. The administration of the workplace should develop a clear policy to address the violent act in work and enhance the violence concept in the orientation courses.
Neural Correlates of Theory of Mind in Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and the Comorbid Condition

Theory of mind (ToM) or mentalizing difficulties is reported in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the mechanism underpinning these apparently shared deficits is relatively unknown. Eighty-three young adult males, 19 with ASD alone, 21 with ADHD alone, 18 with dual diagnosis of ASD and ADHD, and 25 typically developing (TD) controls completed the functional magnetic resonance imaging version of the Frith-Happé animated-triangle ToM task. We compared neural function during ToM with two non-ToM conditions, random and goal directed motions, using whole-brain and region-of-interest analysis of brain activation and functional connectivity analyses. The groups showed comparable ToM task performance. All three clinical groups lacked local connectivity increase shown by TD controls during ToM in the right temporoparietal cortex, a key mentalizing region, with a differentially increased activation pattern in both ASD and comorbid groups relative to ADHD. Both ASD groups also showed reduced connectivity between right inferior lateral prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortices that could reflect an atypical information transmission to the mentalizing network. In contrast, with mentalizing both ADHD groups showed decreasing connectivity between the medial prefrontal and left temporoparietal cortices when compared to TD controls. Therefore, despite the complex pattern of atypical brain function underpinning ToM across the three disorders, some neurofunctional abnormalities during ToM are associated with ASD and appeared differentiable from those associated with ADHD, with the comorbid group displaying combined abnormalities found in each condition.
The Informal Learning of History with Digital Games

Digital games that represent history, i.e. ‘historical games’, are a fundamental way that players can engage with the past. Their focus on historical representations, narratives and processes means educators are using them in formal educational practice. Surprisingly, there is little empirical research on the educational outcomes from the use of historical games in formal contexts, and the specific ways they can increase a learner’s historical awareness and understanding. Existing research on historical game engagements outside of these formal contexts is even scarcer. There has been very little study of whether, what, and how players informally learn through historical games, and their informal learning activities in relation to them. This thesis presents two empirical studies that begin to address this imbalance, exploring player perceptions of historical games as a medium for informal historical learning. The first, an online survey completed by 621 respondents, compared audience and player perceptions of fictive historical film, television series, and games. This situated historical games within the wider media landscape of fictional representations of the past in visual culture, and how they are comparably perceived as media for informal historical learning. The second, more extensive study adopted an ethnographic approach, narrowing the focus of the first by exploring players’ informal learning experiences with historical games that specifically represent classical antiquity. It identified the historical knowledge outcomes particularly associated with historical game use, also examining player’s learning practices with the games that move beyond the game experience (e.g. information seeking, modding, after-action report writing, forum use, and LetsPlay videos). This research thus offers a greater and more comprehensive understanding of informal learning with, and in relation to historical games, highlighting the interplay between these various informal engagements and activities, and how these relationships can influence, determine, or affect player understandings of both the past, and the present.
A Stylistic Study of Cohesion in Relation to Narrative Techniques in Religious Discourse

Cohesion is well known as the study of the relationships, whether grammatical and/or lexical, between the different elements of a particular text by the use of what are commonly called 'cohesive devices'. These devices bring connectivity and bind a text together. Besides, the nature and the amount of such cohesive devices usually affect the understanding of that text in the sense of making it easier to comprehend. The present study is intendedto examine the use of grammatical cohesive devicesin relation to narrative techniques. The story of Joseph from the Holy Quran has been selected to be examined by using Halliday and Hasan's Model of Cohesion (1976, 1989). The aim of the study is to comparatively examine to what extent the types of grammatical cohesive devices and their frequencies and densities are affected by thetechniques of narration, namely, internal and external or as commonly known as conversational and narrative. The researcher has come into the conclusion that the grammatical cohesive devices form one third of the story and accordingly, they affect the structure and interpretation of the text. Moreover, thegrammatical cohesive devices are more frequent in the conversational part when compared to the narrative part. It is also concluded that the endophoric reference is the dominant category in the conversational and narrative parts of the story, unlike the exophoric that can be identified only in relation to the background knowledge of the outside situation.
Acoustic agitation of dense carbon dioxide/water mixtures : emulsification, mass transfer, and reaction engineering

Acoustic agitation of a carbon dioxide/water mixture in a 1 dm3 cylindrical, high-pressure reactor led to the simultaneous formation of carbon dioxide/water (C/W) and water/carbon dioxide (W/C) emulsions, with the dispersed phase occupying up to 10% of the volume. These emulsions were stable for several minutes. Inclusion of 1% of the non-ionic surfactant Tween 80 led to the generation of C/W emulsions which were stable for over 1 hour after ceasing sonication, in which all of the carbon dioxide present in the system comprised the dispersed phase. The mixing capacity of pulsed ultrasound was assessed by studying the mass transfer of benzaldehyde across the carbon dioxide/water interface, leading to determination of the system mixing time. A model for mass transfer with a fast chemical reaction, namely the hydrolysis of benzoyl chloride, was used to separate the mass transfer and kinetic effects, and to identify those reactions that would most significantly benefit from ultrasound-induced emulsification. For the first time, the Barbier synthesis was shown to occur in a carbon dioxide/water mixture as solvent, leading to moderate to high yields. Moreover, it was possible to recover the homoallylic alcohol product directly from the carbon dioxide phase in which it was preferentially partitioned.
Effect of Constant Rate Infusion of Xylazine & Xylazine Morphine Combination on Sedation, Analgesia and Ataxia in Horses

Virtually, standing sedation is a prominent approach in equine practice whereas it eliminates the risks and expenses associated with general anesthesia and provides a suitable option for veterinarians to conduct various diagnostic and surgical procedures in horses with a deteriorated physical status [1-4]. α2-adrenoceptor agonists are routinely used during different standing procedures but sedation produced by these drugs alone is less reliable as the sedated horses may be aroused and respond unexpectedly to imposed stimuli especially to touch which represents a danger both to the horse and personnel involved [5-8]. For this, many authors recommended the use of α2-agonists in combination with opioids to improve their sedative and analgesic effects and to prolong their duration of action [9-11]. Furthermore, due to the dose-dependent side effects of α2agonists, administration of opioids with them was proposed to reduce their required doses [12]. Standing sedation for prolonged duration can be conducted by administration of α2-agonists either as repeated boli or as constant rate infusion (CRI). Application of CRI is the preferable approach as it results in stable depth of sedation along with reduction of required drug doses. Moreover, the profound cardiovascular effects following bolus administration tend to stabilize over time during the CRI [13,14]. Morphine is a pure agonist opioid analgesic which was successfully used as CRI in combination with repeated xylazine boluses and medetomidine in horses undergoing various standing surgical procedures [1517]. Based on the previously reported merits of α2-agonists/ Abstract
Abortive and Teratogenicity of Ethyl Acetate Extract Fraction of Eugenia Jambolana Seed in Pregnant Rats

The present study was aimed to explore the post-coital contraceptive activity and Teratogenicity effect of ethyl acetate extract fraction of Eugenia Jambolana seed in pregnant rats. In the previous experiments the ethyl acetate extract of Eugenia Jambolana seeds exhibited promising anti-implantation and antiestrogenic activity in female albino rats was examined for the isolation of its active fractions. Two fractions (I and II) were obtained using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) of the extract. Both fractions were subjected for testing post-coital contraceptive activity and Teratogenicity effect in pregnant rats. The fractions were administered orally at the dose level of 100 and 300mg/kg body weight from 10 to 18 days of pregnancy. The fraction I of ethyl acetate seed extract treated rats has showed strong abortifacient activity (100%) at 300mg/kg body weight, but did not show any developmental toxicity and Teratogenicity effect in treated rats. Phytochemical studies of fraction I of ethyl acetate extract revealed the presence of flavonoids and a mixture of compounds. These results suggest that a chromatographic fraction I of ethyl acetate extract of Eugenia Jambolana might be used as a contraceptive in the females.
Critical Remarks to Endoscopic Surgery for Endometrial Cancer and Sarcoma, Cervical and Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

While endoscopic gynecological surgery as laparoscopy and hysteroscopy in all its variations of skills, like with single port entry, multiple port entry, conventional or robotically assisted has been universally completely accepted by the medical and patient community this is not at all yet a reality in oncological indications [1]. The article reviews the reality reality of Endoscopic surgery and its application in Gynecological Malignancy diagnosis and treatment focusing endometrial sarcoma, cervical and ovarian cancer.
A probable genetic origin for pit defects on the molars of Paranthropus robustus

We report the frequencies of linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) and, specifically, pitting enamel hypoplasia (PEH) defects in the teeth of Paranthropus robustus, for comparison with four other South African hominin species and three extant nonhuman primate species. Unlike LEH, the lesser known PEH is characterized by multiple circular depression defects across a tooth crown and is often difficult to interpret in terms of developmental timing and etiology. Teeth in all samples were examined macroscopically with type, position and number of defects recorded. Frequencies of teeth with LEH vary among hominin species, but the differences in PEH are considerable. That is, P. robustus has much higher rates of pitting defects, with 47% of deciduous teeth and 14% of permanent teeth affected, relative to 6.7% and 4.3%, respectively, for all other hominin teeth combined; none of the extant primate samples evidence comparable rates. The defects on P. robustus molars are unlike those in other species, with entire crowns often covered in small circular depressions. The PEH is most consistent with modern human examples of amelogenesis imperfecta. Additionally, the defects are: 1) not found on anterior teeth, 2) uniform in shape and size, and 3) similar in appearance/severity on all molars. A possible reason for this form of PEH is as a side effect of selection on another phenotype that shares the same coding gene(s), i.e., a genetic origin. Recent research on the ENAM gene provides one such possibility. Paranthropus likely underwent rapid evolution in the ENAM loci, with changes in this gene contributing to larger posterior teeth and thicker enamel. This same gene is associated with amelogenesis imperfecta; therefore, pleiotropy effects, relating to high selection on this gene during Paranthropus evolution, could have yielded this unique condition.
Shpol'skii Spectroscopy and Other Site-Selection Methods

GENERAL INTRODUCTION The Historical Development of High-Resolution Selective Spectroscopy of Organic Molecules in Solids (R. Personov) CRYSTALLINE MATRICES Principles of Matrix-Induced High-Resolution Optical Spectroscopy and Electron-Phonon Coupling in Doped Organic Crystals (I. Renge & U. Wild) Trapping of PAHs in Shpol'skii Matrices: Orientation and Distortion (M. Lamotte) Luminescence Spectroscopy of Large Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (M. Zander) In-Ring and At-Ring Heterosubstituted Polyaromatic Compounds (I. Kozin & S. Matsuzawa) Shpol'skii Spectroscopic Analysis of PAH Metabolites (F. Ariese) Aromatic Biradicals and Carbenes: High Resolution Electronic Spectra and their Quantum-Chemical Interpretation (E. Migirdicyan, et al.) AMORPHOUS MATRICES Fundamental Aspects of Fluorescence Line-Narrowing Spectroscopy (R. Jankowiak) Dynamics of Glasses and Proteins Probed by Time-Resolved Hole Burning (T. Creemers & S. Vvlker) Coupling of Fluorescence Line-Narrowing Spectroscopy and Liquid Separation Techniques (C. Gooijer & S. Kok) High-Resolution Fluorescence Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Derived Adducts to DNA and Proteins (F. Ariese & R. Jankowiak) Beyond Structure: Fluorescence Line-Narrowing Spectroscopy Used to Study Proteins (J. Vanderkooi) High-Pressure and Stark Hole-Burning Studies of Photosynthetic Complexes (M. Rdtsep & G. Small) Site-Selective Spectroscopy of Amorphous Polymers (S. Zilker & D. Haarer) Spectroscopy of Single Molecules in Solid Matrices at Cryogenic Temperatures (P. Tamarat, et al.) High-Resolution Luminescence Excitation-Emission Matrices (J. Hofstraat & U. Wild) Site-Selective Laser Spectroscopy of Defects in Inorganic Materials (K. Murdoch & J. Wright) Index.