Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coping Strategies: Gender Differences and Development throughout Life Span

Development during life-span implies to cope with stressful events, and this coping may be done with several strategies. It could be useful to know if these coping strategies differ as a consequence of personal characteristics. This work uses the Coping with Stress Questionnaire with this aim using a sample of 400 participants. Specifically, the effects of gender and age group (young people, middle age and elderly), as well as its interaction on coping strategies is studied. With regard to age, on one hand, it is hypothesised a decrement in the use of coping strategies centred in problem solving and social support seeking as age increases. On the other hand, the use of emotional coping is hypothesised to increase with age. With respect to gender, it is hypothesised a larger use of emotional coping and social support seeking within women, and a larger use of problem solving within men. A MANOVA found significant effects for the two main effects (gender and age) as well as several interactions. Separate ANOVAs allowed us to test for potential differences in each of the coping strategies measured in the CAE. These results partially supported the hypotheses. Results are discussed in relation to scientific literature on coping, age and gender. El desarrollo a lo largo del ciclo vital implica afrontar situaciones estresantes, lo que puede hacerse mediante diversas estrategias de afrontamiento. Los tipos de estrategias empleadas pueden diferir en función de características personales. Este trabajo estudia estas potenciales diferencias en algunas de estas características empleando como medida de afrontamiento el CAE. Específicamente se han probado los efectos de la edad, del género y de su interacción en las estrategias empleadas por una muestra de 400 adultos españoles. En relación a la edad, se hipotetiza que habrá una disminución en la aplicación de las centradas en la solución de problemas y búsqueda de apoyo social al aumentar la edad y un aumento de las centradas en la emoción. En relación al género, se hipotetiza que los hombres usarán más frecuentemente estrategias de solución de problemas, y las mujeres de las centradas en la emoción y búsqueda de apoyo social. Se empleó MANOVA para evaluar estos tanto los efectos principales como los de interacción. Los ANOVAs de continuación permitieron contrastar las potenciales diferencias en cada una de las distintas estrategias de afrontamiento, que apoyaban parcialmente las hipótesis planteadas. Se discuten los resultados encontrados relacionándolos con la literatura científica.
Current Trends in Ideal Nasal Aesthetics Show Younger Patients Have a Preference Toward Longer Augmented Noses

Abstract Background Aesthetic norms fluctuate over time and often result in generational differences in preferred ideal nasal aesthetics. While some traditional concepts of the ideal nasal aesthetic have been suggested in our literature, there has been no study to date that has identified contemporary preferences across different age groups. Objectives To understand the general population's current perception of ideal nasal profiles. Methods Two-dimensional images of female noses (n = 10) of varying ethnicities were simulated to alter either the radix height or nasolabial angle (NLA) independently. Radix height was manipulated by increasing or decreasing the height by 5 mm relative to baseline. For NLA, 3 images were created with the following measurements: (1) 90°, (2) 100°, and (3) 110°. Groups were categorized by generation and age at the time of completing the study: Generation Z (Gen Z; age 18-23), Millennial 20s (age 24-30), Millennial 30s (age 31-39), and Generation X (Gen X; age 40-55). Each figure consisted of either 3 variations in radix height (n = 10) or 3 variations in NLA (n = 10). Within each figure, volunteers were asked to choose their preferred nose. Results The younger generations, Gen Z and Millennial 20s and 30s, preferred a more augmented radix compared to Gen X which preferred a baseline radix height. Gen Z, Millennial 20s, and Gen X preferred a 90° NLA, while Millennial 30s preferred an NLA of 100°. Conclusions The authors found that younger populations (Gen Z, Millennial 20s, and Millennial 30s) preferred a more augmented appearance to the nasal radix and, on average, a more acute NLA than published data suggest. Level of Evidence: 3
Randomised controlled trial of prevention of falls in people aged > or =75 with severe visual impairment: the VIP trial.

OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and cost effectiveness of a home safety programme and a home exercise programme to reduce falls and injuries in older people with low vision. DESIGN Randomised controlled trial. SETTING Dunedin and Auckland, New Zealand. PARTICIPANTS 391 women and men aged > or =75 with visual acuity of 6/24 or worse who were living in the community; 92% (361 of 391) completed one year of follow-up. INTERVENTIONS Participants received a home safety assessment and modification programme delivered by an occupational therapist (n = 100), an exercise programme prescribed at home by a physiotherapist plus vitamin D supplementation (n = 97), both interventions (n = 98), or social visits (n = 96). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Numbers of falls and injuries resulting from falls, costs of implementing the home safety programme. RESULTS Fewer falls occurred in the group randomised to the home safety programme but not in the exercise programme (incidence rate ratios 0.59 (95% confidence interval 0.42 to 0.83) and 1.15 (0.82 to 1.61), respectively). However, within the exercise programme, stricter adherence was associated with fewer falls (P = 0.001). A conservative analysis showed neither intervention was effective in reducing injuries from falls. Delivering the home safety programme cost NZ650 dollars (234 pounds sterling, 344 euros, US432 dollars) (at 2004 prices) per fall prevented. CONCLUSION The home safety programme reduced falls and was more cost effective than an exercise programme in this group of elderly people with poor vision. The Otago exercise programme with vitamin D supplementation was not effective in reducing falls or injuries in this group, possibly due to low levels of adherence. Trial registration number ISRCTN15342873.
Aerobic exercise reverses aging-induced depth-dependent decline in cerebral microcirculation

Aging is a major risk factor for cognitive impairment. Aerobic exercise benefits brain function and may promote cognitive health in older adults. However, underlying biological mechanisms across cerebral gray and white matter are poorly understood. Selective vulnerability of the white matter to small vessel disease and a link between white matter health and cognitive function suggests a potential role for responses in deep cerebral microcirculation. Here, we tested whether aerobic exercise modulates cerebral microcirculatory changes induced by aging. To this end, we carried out a comprehensive quantitative examination of changes in cerebral microvascular physiology in cortical gray and subcortical white matter in mice (3–6 vs. 19–21 months old), and asked whether and how exercise may rescue age-induced deficits. In the sedentary group, aging caused a more severe decline in cerebral microvascular perfusion and oxygenation in deep (infragranular) cortical layers and subcortical white matter compared with superficial (supragranular) cortical layers. Five months of voluntary aerobic exercise partly renormalized microvascular perfusion and oxygenation in aged mice in a depth-dependent manner, and brought these spatial distributions closer to those of young adult sedentary mice. These microcirculatory effects were accompanied by an improvement in cognitive function. Our work demonstrates the selective vulnerability of the deep cortex and subcortical white matter to aging-induced decline in microcirculation, as well as the responsiveness of these regions to aerobic exercise.
Association of Serum Biomarkers and Cardiac Inflammation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Identification by Positron Emission Tomography

Background: Peripheral biomarkers may be affected by various factors, their reliability in reflecting local cardiac inflammatory status in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) needs further exploration. This prospective study was aimed to investigate the relationship between circulating biomarkers and local cardiac inflammation measured by epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) activity via 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) imaging in AF patients. Methods: From 2017 to 2018, 83 AF patients [43 persistent AF (PsAF) and 40 paroxysmal AF (PAF)] referred for radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) were recruited. Pre- and post-RFCA blood samples were collected to measure IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, TNF-α, Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp70, PDGF-BB, MMP-2, MMP-9, MPO, TGF-β1, Gal-3, and sST2. Pre-RFCA FDG images were obtained to assess EAT activity. Sixty-seven patients (35 PAF and 32 PsAF) received RFCA were regularly followed for 27 (24, 29) months. Results: Higher hsCRP and IL-6 and lower TGF-β1 were demonstrated in PsAF patients compared with PAF patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that Gal-3 (OR: 1.221, 95% CI: 1.024–1.456, P = 0.026) and MPO (OR: 1.002, 95% CI: 1.001–1.003, P = 0.027) were independently correlated with EAT activity. The percentage decrease of Hsp60 linearly correlated with that of EAT activity post-RFCA (Spearman rs = 0.455, P = 0.019). Seventeen patients (10 PsAF and 7 PAF) had AF recurrence, but none of the selected biomarkers were predictive of post-RFCA recurrence. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that in patients with AF, Gal-3 correlated with local cardiac inflammation, and Hsp60 was associated with the alleviation of cardiac inflammation after RFCA.
Susceptibility‐weighted imaging: current status and future directions

Susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) is a method that uses the intrinsic nature of local magnetic fields to enhance image contrast in order to improve the visibility of various susceptibility sources and to facilitate diagnostic interpretation. It is also the precursor to the concept of the use of phase for quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Nowadays, SWI has become a widely used clinical tool to image deoxyhemoglobin in veins, iron deposition in the brain, hemorrhages, microbleeds and calcification. In this article, we review the basics of SWI, including data acquisition, data reconstruction and post‐processing. In particular, the source of cusp artifacts in phase images is investigated in detail and an improved multi‐channel phase data combination algorithm is provided. In addition, we show a few clinical applications of SWI for the imaging of stroke, traumatic brain injury, carotid vessel wall, siderotic nodules in cirrhotic liver, prostate cancer, prostatic calcification, spinal cord injury and intervertebral disc degeneration. As the clinical applications of SWI continue to expand both in and outside the brain, the improvement of SWI in conjunction with QSM is an important future direction of this technology. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non-equilibrium thermal transport and entropy analyses in rarefied cavity flows

Thermal transport in rarefied flows far removed from thermodynamic equilibrium is investigated using kinetic-theory-based numerical simulations. Two numerical schemes – unified gas kinetic scheme (UGKS) and direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) – are employed to simulate transport at different degrees of rarefaction. Lid-driven cavity flow simulations of argon gas are performed over a range of Knudsen numbers, Mach numbers and cavity shapes. Thermal transport is then characterized as a function of lid Mach number and Knudsen number for different cavity shapes. Vast deviations from the Fourier law – including thermal transport aligned along the direction of temperature gradient – are observed. Entropy implications are examined using Sackur–Tetrode and Boltzmann $H$ -theorem formulations. At low Knudsen and Mach numbers, thermal transport is shown to be amenable to both entropy formulations. However, beyond moderate Knudsen and Mach numbers, thermal transport complies only with the Boltzmann $H$ -theorem entropy statement. Two extended thermodynamic models are compared against simulation data and found to account for some of the observed non-equilibrium behaviour.
Differential processing of risk and reward in delinquent and non-delinquent youth

Abstract The present study examined the behavioral and neural differences in risky decision-making between delinquent (n = 23) and non-delinquent (n = 27) youth ages 13–17 years (M = 16, SD = 0.97) in relation to reward processing. While undergoing functional neuroimaging, participants completed an experimental risk task wherein they received feedback about the riskiness of their behavior in the form of facial expressions that morphed from happy to angry. Behavioral results indicated that delinquent youth took fewer risks and earned fewer rewards on the task than non-delinquent youth. Results from whole-brain analyses indicated no group differences in sensitivity to punishments (i.e. angry faces), but instead showed that delinquent youth evinced greater neural tracking of reward outcomes (i.e. cash-ins) in regions including the ventral striatum and inferior frontal gyrus. While behavioral results show that delinquent youth were more risk-averse, the neural results indicated that delinquent youth were also more reward-driven, potentially suggesting a preference for immediate rewards. Results offer important insights into differential decision-making processes between delinquent and non-delinquent youth.
Preclinical tendon and ligament models: Beyond the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) to 5W1H (why, who, what, where, when, how)

Several tendon and ligament animal models were presented at the 2022 Orthopaedic Research Society Tendon Section Conference held at the University of Pennsylvania, May 5 to 7, 2022. A key objective of the breakout sessions at this meeting was to develop guidelines for the field, including for preclinical tendon and ligament animal models. This review summarizes the perspectives of experts for eight surgical small and large animal models of rotator cuff tear, flexor tendon transection, anterior cruciate ligament tear, and Achilles tendon injury using the framework: “Why, Who, What, Where, When, and How” (5W1H). A notable conclusion is that the perfect tendon model does not exist; there is no single gold standard animal model that represents the totality of tendon and ligament disease. Each model has advantages and disadvantages and should be carefully considered in light of the specific research question. There are also circumstances when an animal model is not the best approach. The wide variety of tendon and ligament pathologies necessitates choices between small and large animal models, different anatomic sites, and a range of factors associated with each model during the planning phase. Attendees agreed on some guiding principles including: providing clear justification for the model selected, providing animal model details at publication, encouraging sharing of protocols and expertise, improving training of research personnel, and considering greater collaboration with veterinarians. A clear path for translating from animal models to clinical practice was also considered as a critical next step for accelerating progress in the tendon and ligament field.
Early brain metabolic disturbances associated with delayed cerebral ischemia in patients with severe subarachnoid hemorrhage

Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a devastating complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (ASAH) causing brain infarction and disability. Cerebral microdialysis (CMD) monitoring is a focal technique that may detect DCI-related neurochemical changes as an advance warning. We conducted retrospective analyses from 44 poor-grade ASAH patients and analyzed glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and glutamate concentrations in control patients without DCI (n = 19), and in patients with DCI whose CMD probe was located within (n = 17) or outside (n = 8) a new infarct. When monitored from within a lesion, DCI was preceded by a decrease in glucose and a surge in glutamate, accompanied by increases in lactate/pyruvate and lactate/glucose ratios whereas these parameters remained stable in control patients. When CMD monitoring was performed outside the lesion, the glutamate surge was absent, but glucose and L/G ratio were still significantly altered. Overall, glucose and L/G ratio were significant biomarkers of DCI (se96.0, spe73.7-68.4). Glucose and L/G predicted DCI 67 h before CT detection of a new infarct. The pathogenesis of DCI therefore induces early metabolic disturbances that can be detected by CMD as an advance warning. Glucose and L/G could provide a trigger for initiating further examination or therapy, earlier than when guided by other monitoring techniques.
Physicians' attitudes and perceived barriers toward ward-based clinical pharmacist in hospital settings:Responses from a national survey

Clinical pharmacy services CPSs are still in their infancy in Yemen. Furthermore, pharmacists are not members of a multidisciplinary healthcare team, and their responsibilities are limited to drug dispensing and marketing. Thus, this study investigates physicians' attitudes and perceived obstacles toward clinical pharmacists working in hospitals' medical wards. A descriptive observational study was carried out using a validated self-administrated bilingual questionnaire. The study's questionnaire was conducted among physicians in three teaching hospitals. Those hospitals were at the front to establish clinical pharmacy units and embrace clinical pharmacy services. Sixty-five responses were included. our data results indicated that physicians believed the most contributions for clinical pharmacists to improve patient care was "Attend medical rounds" 70.8%, followed by "Order review". About 75% of physicians showed positive attitudes toward the clinical pharmacist role. However, more than 70% of physicians thought that clinical pharmacists should leave patient care to other healthcare members and care about drug products. There were Nine potential barriers out of 18 barriers were identified. Not enough clinical pharmacist staff working in the health center was considered as the top perceived barrier 83.1%; followed by clinical pharmacist responsibilities were not clearly defined", and "clinical pharmacist recommendations are not properly documented". In terms of enhancing physicians' general attitudes and overcoming reported barriers. Strategies to expand clinical pharmacy services in Yemen should be emphasized on both, protocols should be established to outline how clinical pharmacists and physicians should collaborate besides, inter-professional collaboration relations are needed to be developed to overcome resistance and raise knowledge and awareness of CPS adoption among the healthcare team members.
COVID outcome in pemphigus: Does rituximab make pemphigus patients susceptible to more severe COVID‐19?

The COVID‐19 pandemic has raised some concerns regarding the management of chronic skin diseases, especially in patients on immunosuppressive therapy including patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV). Literature review reveals conflicting results about the effect of monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab on clinical outcome of COVID‐19.
Lymphomas of the salivary glands: a systematic review

Abstract Background Lymphomas constitute 2% of all salivary gland tumors and are the second most common group of malignancies in the head and neck region. Objectives In this systematic review, the demographics and characteristics of salivary gland lymphomas are presented. Methods All types of studies that involve data of salivary gland lymphomas between 1990 and 2020 were identified and screened. Results A total of 169 articles with 1640 patients were identified. The median age of the patients was 59 years with a range between 10 and 87 years. The anatomic locations of salivary gland lymphomas were distributed with 88% in the parotid glands, 9% in the submandibular glands, 1% in the minor salivary glands, and 0.3% in the sublingual glands. The overall survival at 12 months is high and in line with the outcome of indolent lymphomas in general. The predominant indolent subtypes were extranodal marginal zone lymphomas and follicular lymphomas, whereas the more aggressive subtypes were mainly diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, mantle cell lymphomas, and T-cell lymphomas. Conclusion In conclusion, lymphomas occur in all salivary glands and mainly in elderly female patients. Sjögren’s syndrome is frequently associated. Depending on the anatomical location, the lymphoma subtypes vary in aggressiveness, stage, and prognosis.
Vaginal homeostasis features of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis through vaginal metabolic profiling.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an inflammatory disease primarily infected by Candida albicans. The condition has good short-term treatment effects, high recurrence, and seriously affects the quality of life of women. Metabolomics has been applied to research a variety of inflammatory diseases. In the present study, the vaginal metabolic profiles of VVC patients and healthy populations (CTL) were explored by a non-targeted metabolomics approach. In total, 211 differential metabolites were identified, with the VVC group having 128 over-expressed and 83 under-expressed metabolites compared with healthy individuals. Functional analysis showed that these metabolites were mainly involved in amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism. In addition, network software analysis indicated that the differential metabolites were associated with MAPK signaling and NF-κB signaling. Further molecular docking suggested that linoleic acid can bind to the ACSL1 protein, which has been shown to be associated with multiple inflammatory diseases and is an upstream regulator of the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways that mediate inflammation. Therefore, our preliminary analysis results suggest that VVC has a unique metabolic profile. Linoleic acid, a significantly elevated unsaturated fatty acid in the VVC group, may promote VVC development through the ACSL1/MAPK and ACSL1/NF-κB signaling pathways. This study's findings contribute to further exploring the mechanism of VVC infection and providing new perspectives for the treatment of Candida albicans vaginal infection.
Impact of semen oxidative stress on sperm quality: initial results from Vietnam

Objectives This study aimed to determine the relationship between oxidative stress (OS) measured by the oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) and the results of semen analysis among men from infertile couples. Methods This cross-sectional study included 166 men from infertile couples, determined according to the World Health Organization guidelines. The general characteristics, semen analysis, sperm chromatin dispersion assay, and ORP of all subjects were evaluated and analyzed statistically. Results Among 166 men from infertile couples, individuals with OS had a significantly higher DNA fragmentation index (DFI) than men without OS (22.37% ± 11.67% vs. 17.98% ± 8.98%). The sperm concentration, total sperm count, motility rate, and normal morphology were negatively correlated, while and an abnormal head and neck–tail were positively correlated with ORP. There was also a positive association between the DFI and OS level. The optimal ORP threshold for determining sperm quality was 0.77 mV/106 sperm/mL (sensitivity, 50.4%; specificity, 93.5%; positive predictive value, 52.9%; negative predictive value, 32.3%). Conclusions Determining the ORP suggests that OS has an adverse effect on the total sperm count, sperm motility, sperm concentration, morphology, vitality, and DNA fragmentation index.