Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How elite endurance athletes experience and manage exercise-induced pain: Implications for mental performance consultants

Abstract There is a paucity of research examining exercise-induced pain (EIP) management in elite endurance sports. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate how elite endurance athletes experience and manage EIP to help inform the work of Mental Performance Consultants. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 female and three male athletes (Mage = 23.73, SD = 2.31) competing in track and field (i.e., 600–1,500 m; n = 5), swimming (i.e., 200–400 m; n = 5), and canoe kayak (i.e., 500–1,000 m; n = 5). Given the centrality of self-regulation in elite sports and in the management of internal states (e.g., EIP), the social cognitive model of self-regulation was used to guide this study and to derive practical implications. The template analysis generated (a) two themes (i.e., sensations, beliefs) and six subthemes (e.g., tightness, progressive) related to the experience of EIP as well as (b) three themes (i.e., preparation, execution, evaluation) and 17 subthemes (e.g., accept and commit to EIP, direct attention away from EIP, reflect using a training journal) related to the management of EIP. Findings suggest that the experience of EIP is highly cognitive and generally perceived as detrimental to performance if not effectively managed. Athletes used several psychological strategies to prepare to experience EIP, reduce the aversive effects of EIP while performing, and learn from their EIP management strategies to improve their coping capacity. Importantly, combining self-regulation and mindfulness strategies appears to be valuable to successfully manage EIP. Lay summary: This study examined how elite track and field, swimming, and canoe kayak athletes experience and manage exercise-induced pain when training at a high intensity and competing. Beliefs and sensations influenced the experience of EIP and athletes used 17 psychological strategies to manage this prominent psychological demand. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Mental Performance Consultants are encouraged to: Emphasize the development of preparation strategies to manage EIP as this phase seems to be a priority. Specifically, accepting and committing to experiencing EIP appears to be essential. Help endurance athletes focus on performance-relevant cues (e.g., cadence, technique, relaxing, race plan) and the present moment (e.g., one repetition/segment at a time) when experiencing EIP. Develop a brief guided self-reflection tool that endurance athletes can use to assess the experience and management of EIP.
The Intrinsic Far-infrared Continua of Type-1 Quasars

The range of currently proposed active galactic nucleus (AGN) far-infrared templates results in uncertainties in retrieving host galaxy information from infrared observations and also undermines constraints on the outer part of the AGN torus. We discuss how to test and reconcile these templates. Physically, the fraction of the intrinsic AGN IR-processed luminosity compared with that from the central engine should be consistent with the dust-covering factor. In addition, besides reproducing the composite spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of quasars, a correct AGN IR template combined with an accurate library of star-forming galaxy templates should be able to reproduce the IR properties of the host galaxies, such as the luminosity-dependent SED shapes and aromatic feature strengths. We develop tests based on these expected behaviors and find that the shape of the AGN intrinsic far-IR emission drops off rapidly starting at ∼20 μm and can be matched by an Elvis et al.-like template with a minor modification. Despite the variations in the near- to mid-IR bands, AGNs in quasars and Seyfert galaxies have remarkably similar intrinsic far-IR SEDs at λ ∼ 20–100 μm, suggesting a similar emission character of the outermost region of the circumnuclear torus. The variations of the intrinsic AGN IR SEDs among the type-1 quasar population can be explained by the changing relative strengths of four major dust components with similar characteristic temperatures, and there is evidence for compact AGN-heated dusty structures at sub-kiloparsec scales in the far-IR.
The Pragmatics of AIN’T within Academic and Social Context

This paper has explored the form, the meaning, and the function of the contraction AIN’T, with the corpus data retrieved from English-affiliated URLs or Websites (web-data), through interpretive techniques and a coding analysis. The utterance AIN’T belongs to non-standard or informal English, which represents or is derived from the forms AM NOT, IS NOT, ARE NOT, HAS NOT, HAVE NOT, DO NOT, DOES NOT, DID NOT, and the others. The meaning of AIN’T implies different aspects, i.e. informality, topic area, low social class, emphasis, and content. The utterance AIN’T is part of close language, or is used for close people for friendship or camaraderie. AIN’T belongs to informal utterances, as it is incomplete, shorter, cut-down (or contracted) from other forms. The utterance AIN’T should be taught academically in classrooms or other teaching and learning encounters as informal language with its various derived constructions, and students or learners should be made aware that AIN’T is part of close language which is used to close people for friendship or camaraderie within interpersonal or social context. Use of AIN’T to not close people or superiors or others in a formal situation may lead to a rude situation, and a probable disharmony entails. Keywords: pragmatics; politeness; camaraderie; informal English; AIN’T.
Heavy Metal (Arsenic) Induced Antibiotic Resistance among Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Bacteria of Nosocomial Origin

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a leading cause of treatment failure for many infectious diseases worldwide. Improper overdosing and the misuse of antibiotics contributes significantly to the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. The co-contamination of heavy metals and antibiotic compounds existing in the environment might also be involved in the spread of AMR. The current study was designed to test the efficacy of heavy metals (arsenic) induced AMR patterns in clinically isolated extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria. A total of 300 clinically isolated ESBL-producing bacteria were collected from a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan, with the demographic characteristics of patients. After the collection of bacterial isolates, these were reinoculated on agar media for reidentification purposes. Direct antimicrobial sensitivity testing (AST) for bacterial isolates by disk diffusion methods was used to determine the AST patterns with and without heavy metal. The heavy metal was concentrated in dilutions of 1.25 g/mL. The collected bacterial isolates were isolated from wounds (n = 63, 21%), urine (n = 112, 37.3%), blood (n = 43, 14.3%), pus (n = 49, 16.3%), and aspirate (n = 33, 11%) samples. From the total 300 bacterial isolates, n = 172 were Escherichia coli (57.3%), 57 were Klebsiella spp. (19%), 32 were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.6%), 21 were Proteus mirabilis (7%) and 18 were Enterobacter spp. (6%). Most of the antibiotic drugs were found resistant to tested bacteria. Colistin and Polymyxin-B showed the highest sensitivity against all tested bacteria, but when tested with heavy metals, these antibiotics were also found to be significantly resistant. We found that heavy metals induced the resistance capability in bacterial isolates, which leads to higher AMR patterns as compared to without heavy metal tested isolates. The results of the current study explored the heavy metal as an inducer of AMR and may contribute to the formation and spread of AMR in settings that are contaminated with heavy metals.
Evaluation of connectivity, flux pinning, and upper critical field contributions to the critical current density of bulk pure and SiC-alloyed MgB2

Measurement of critical current density Jc, normal state resistivity ρn, and upper critical field Hc2 on pure and 10% SiC-doped MgB2 bulks show systematic enhancement of Hc2 by SiC addition and by lowering reaction temperature. Hc2(10K) exceeds 33T, while the extrapolated zero temperature value exceeds 40T. The Rowell [Supercond. Sci. Technol. 16, R17 (2003)] analysis suggests that only 8%–17% of the MgB2 cross section actually carries current. Higher reaction temperature enhances the connectivity but degrades Hc2 and flux pinning, making the measured Jc a complex balance between connectivity, Hc2, and flux pinning induced by grain boundaries and precipitates.
Solar FLAG* hare and hounds: on the extraction of rotational p-mode splittings from seismic, Sun-as-a-star data

We report on results from the first solar Fitting at Low-Angular degree Group (solar FLAG) hare-and-hounds exercise. The group is concerned with the development of methods for extracting the parameters of low-l solar p-mode data ('peak bagging'), collected by Sun-as-a-star observations. Accurate and precise estimation of the fundamental parameters of the p modes is a vital pre-requisite of all subsequent studies. Nine members of the FLAG (the 'hounds') fitted an artificial 3456-d data set. The data set was made by the 'hare' (WJC) to simulate full-disc Doppler velocity observations of the Sun. The rotational frequency splittings of the l = 1, 2 and 3 modes were the first parameter estimates chosen for scrutiny. Significant differences were uncovered at l = 2 and 3 between the fitted splittings of the hounds. Evidence is presented that suggests this unwanted bias had its origins in several effects. The most important came from the different way in which the hounds modelled the visibility ratio of the different rotationally split components. Our results suggest that accurate modelling of the ratios is vital to avoid the introduction of significant bias in the estimated splittings. This is of importance not only for studies of the Sun, but also of the solar analogues that will be targets for asteroseismic campaigns.
Characterization of Genomic Diversity among Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates and Antibacterial Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles from Pakistan

The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) is considered an important threat to public health resulting in resistance accumulation due to antibiotics misuse and selection pressure. This warrants periodic efforts to investigate and develop strategies for infection control. A total of 184 carbapenem-resistant clinical strains of E. coli were characterized for resistance pattern, resistance genes, plasmids, sequence types and in vitro efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Carbapenem resistance was prevalent in E. coli isolated from female patients (64.7%), urine samples (40.8%) and surgical wards (32.1%). Polymyxin-B showed higher susceptibility. ESBLs and carbapenemases were produced in 179 and 119 isolates, respectively. Carbapenemase-encoding genes were observed among 104 strains with blaNDM-1 (45.1%), blaOXA-48 (27%), blaNDM-7 (3.8%), blaNDM-1/blaOXA-48 (15.4%), blaNDM-7/blaOXA-48 (2.9%), blaOXA-48/blaVIM (3.8%) and blaNDM-1/blaVIM (2%). ESBL resistance genes were detected in 147 isolates, namely blaSHV (24.9%), blaCTX-M (17.7%), blaTEM (4.8%), blaSHV/blaCTX-M (29.2%), blaSHV/blaTEM (15%) and blaCTX-M/blaTEM (8.8%). ST405 (44.4%) and ST131 (29.2%) were more frequent sequence types with ST101 (9.7%), ST10 (9.7%) and ST648 (7%). The replicon types IncFII, IncFIIK, IncA/C, IncN and IncL/M were detected. The combination of MEM/AgNPs remained effective against carbapenemase-positive E. coli. We reported genetically diverse E. coli strains coharboring carbapenemases/ESBLs from Pakistan. Moreover, this study highlights the enhanced antibacterial activity of MEM/AgNPs and may be used to manage bacterial infections.
Conceptualistic Pragmatism: A framework for Bayesian analysis?

This paper argues for an extended framework for the subjectivist approach to statistical decision making—the judgements made for deriving a likelihood function should be carefully reflected upon. The Harvard professor of philosophy Clarence I. Lewis did offer a philosophical action-oriented framework for this type of reflection. The philosophy of Lewis has very much influenced the originators of the quality movement. This constitutes an interesting link between two important learning-oriented approaches in the current statistical discourse—the subjectivist theory of statistical inference and the quality movement with its focus on continuous improvements.
Zero-dimensional models for gravitational and scalar QED decoherence

We investigate the dynamics of two quantum mechanical oscillator system–bath toy models obtained by truncating to zero spatial dimensions linearized gravity coupled to a massive scalar field and scalar quantum electrodynamics (QED). The scalar-gravity toy model maps onto the phase damped oscillator, while the scalar QED toy model approximately maps onto an oscillator system subject to two-photon damping. The toy models provide potentially useful insights into solving for open system quantum dynamics relevant to the full scalar QED and weak gravitational field systems, in particular operational probes of the decoherence for initial scalar field system superposition states.
The 2dF QSO Redshift Survey – VI. Measuring Λ and β from redshift-space distortions in the power spectrum

When the 2dF QSO Redshift Survey (2QZ) is complete, a powerful geometric test for the cosmological constant will be available. By comparing the clustering along and across the line of sight and modelling the effects of peculiar velocities and bulk motions in redshift space, geometric distortions, which occur if the wrong cosmology is assumed, can be detected. In this paper we investigate the effect of geometric and redshift-space distortions in the power spectrum parallel and perpendicular to the observer's line of sight, . Ballinger et al. developed a model to estimate the cosmological constant, Λ, and the important parameter from these distortions. We apply this model to a detailed simulation of the final 25k 2QZ, produced using the Virgo Consortium's huge Hubble Volume N-body ΛCDM (cold dark matter) light-cone simulation. We confirm the conclusions of Ballinger et al.: the shapes of the redshift-space and geometric distortions are very similar, and discriminating between the two to produce a purely geometric constraint on Λ is difficult. When all the uncertainties in measuring for the 2QZ are taken into account, we find that only a joint constraint is possible. By combining this result with a second constraint based on mass clustering evolution, however, we can make significant progress. We predict that this method should allow us to constrain β to approximately ±0.1, and Ωm to ±0.25, using the final catalogue. We apply the method to the 2QZ catalogue of 10 000 quasars (QSOs) and find that this incomplete catalogue marginally favours a Λ cosmology, obtaining best-fitting values of and . However, Einstein–de Sitter , models are only rejected at the 1. 4σ level in the current survey. The rejection of lambda-dominated , models is stronger at ∼2σ.
Charmless decays B→ππ,πK and KK in broken SU(3) symmetry

Charmless B decay modes $B \to \pi \pi, \pi K$ and $KK$ aresystematically investigated with and without flavor SU(3) symmetry. Independent analyses on $\pi \pi$ and $\pi K$ modes both favor a large ratio between color-suppressed tree ($C$) and tree ($T)$ diagram, which suggests that they are more likely to originate from long distance effects. The sizes of QCD penguin diagrams extracted individually from $\pi\pi$, $\pi K$ and $KK$ modes are found to follow a pattern of SU(3) breaking in agreement with the naive factorization estimates. Global fits to these modes are done under various scenarios of SU(3)relations. The results show good determinations of weak phase $\gamma$ in consistency with the Standard Model (SM), but a large electro-weak penguin $(P_{\tmop{EW}})$ relative to $T + C$ with a large relative strong phase are favored, which requires an big enhancement of color suppressed electro-weak penguin ($P_{\tmop{EW}}^C$) compatible in size but destructively interfering with $P_{\tmop{EW}}$ within the SM, or implies new physics. Possibility of sizable contributions from nonfactorizable diagrams such as $W$-exchange ($E$), annihilation($A$) and penguin-annihilation diagrams($P_A$) are investigated. The implications to the branching ratios and CP violations in $K K$modes are discussed.
Lifetimes and branching fractions of the high angular momentum states of aluminium-like iron group elements

We present the excitation energies and lifetimes for the 3s3 p3d 4 F 7/2,9/2 levels for five aluminium-like ions of the iron group. Apart from the wavelengths, this also includes the transition probabilities and branching ratios for the electric-dipole allowed (E1) and forbidden (M1, E2, M2) lines into the energetically lower lying levels of the 3s 2 3d ,3 s3 p 2 and 3s3 p3d con
Hiding neutrino mass in modified gravity cosmologies

Cosmological observables show a dependence with the neutrino mass, which is partially degenerate with parameters of extended models of gravity. We study and explore this degeneracy in Horndeski generalized scalar-tensor theories of gravity. Using forecasted cosmic microwave background and galaxy power spectrum datasets, we find that a single parameter in the linear regime of the effective theory dominates the correlation with the total neutrino mass. For any given mass, a particular value of this parameter approximately cancels the power suppression due to the neutrino mass at a given redshift. The extent of the cancellation of this degeneracy depends on the cosmological large-scale structure data used at different redshifts. We constrain the parameters and functions of the effective gravity theory and determine the influence of gravity on the determination of the neutrino mass from present and future surveys.
High-speed imaging investigation of transient phenomena impacting plasma arc cutting process optimization

In this work, we report on the investigation of selected transient phenomena taking place in plasma arc cutting (PAC) that are relevant for process optimization. High-speed imaging diagnostics is exploited for the characterization of different technological solutions in order to provide deeper insights into torch and process design. In particular, the pilot arc start-up phase is analysed for a 250 A automatic dual-gas torch equipped with electrodes with different shapes of the initial insert recess, revealing that there is no influence of the recess depth on the time for the stabilization of the pilot arc attachment on the cathode insert. The influence of different insert materials, including Ag–Hf and Cu–Zr binary alloys, on erosion during the shut-down phase is investigated at 120 A and reduced emission of material and faster shut-down is found for alloy inserts compared with standard Hf inserts. The start-up and shut-down transients are also investigated during transferred arc operation using a modified nozzle that comprises a viewing port on one side of the nozzle, and pulsing arc behaviour inside the plasma chamber that is correlated with cathode-nozzle voltage oscillations at a frequency of 7.7 kHz is found. Finally, results regarding the influence of different plasma gas diffusers on the arc stability during the cutting initiation phase in a 100 A mono-gas manual torch are reported.
Genetic Analysis of Morpho-metric Traits and Correlations of Yield Parameters in Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr)

Top crosses comprising 2 testers and 8 lines were made in the screen house using Line × Tester model. Observations were made on days to flowering, pod maturity, harvest, pods per plant, branching pattern, seeds per pod, 100 seed weight and yield/ha; crude protein, crude fiber, carbohydrate, moisture, ash and oil, as well as trypsin, tannins and phytate. Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance and the means separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT), at 5% probability level. Genetic component analysis was carried out on the traits using Analysis of Genetic Design (AGD-R) package, to determine heritability, General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combining Abilities (SCA). Results of the study revealed that, positive GCA values were recorded by TGM954 (0.01), TGM120 (0.07), TGM553 (0.70), TGM555 (0.58), TGM574 (0.19), TGM584 (0.14) and TGX1904-6F (0.12) for 100 seed weight; TGM954 (76.83) and TGM584 (12.54) for seed yield. Generally, TGM954 was a better general combiner than TGM951, because it combined well with other varieties for yield and yield-related traits. High heritability estimates were recorded for 100 seed weight (84.10%), number of branches (86.61%), days to flowering (91.69%), pods per pod (88.48%) and seed yield (86.07%). It can be concluded, that, crosses using Line × Tester model is encouraged for trait transfer and enhancement of soybean seed yield.
Cosmic ray modulation and the distant heliospheric magnetic field: Voyager 1 and 2 observations from 1986 to 1989

The changes in the cosmic ray intensity >70 MeV/nucleon observed by Voyager I (termed VI) near 30[degrees] heliographic latitude and by Voyager 2 (termed V2) near O[degrees] heliographic latitude from 1986 to 1990 were closely related to the large-scale fluctuations in the magnetic field strength at VI and V2, respectively. The decreases in the cosmic ray intensity observed by VI and V2 from 1986 to 1990 were generally related to merged interaction regions (MIRs). An exception to this relation was observed from about day 45 to day 110, 1987 at VI. The MIRs are of three general types: global MIRS (GMIRs), which extend around the Sun and to high latitudes, whose effects persist over several solar rotations; corotating MIRS (CMIRs), which are quasi-periodic structures generated by the interaction of corotating streams lasting several solar rotations; and local MIRS (LMIRs), which are nonperiodic and have limited latitudinal and/or longitudinal extent, whose effects last less than one solar rotation. The cosmic ray intensity shows a net increase with time when the MIRs are weak and the magnetic field strength is relatively low. The cosmic ray intensity fluctuates about a constant level when CMIRs and rarefaction regions are dominant. This is the casemore » from -230, 1987, to -275, 1988, at VI and during some intervals from -245, 1987, to -60, 1989, at V2. The cosmic ray intensity decreases locally during the passage of a LMIR. Such a local decrease was observed at both VI and V2 near day 100, 1986. Local decreases in the cosmic ray intensity were observed at V2 but not VI beginning near days 240 and 320, 1987, and near day 275, 1988. A global, broad, steplike change in the cosmic ray intensity was observed at all of the spacecraft during the passage of a GMIR, beginning approximately near day 125, 1989, at Vi and near day 65, 1989, at V2 and extending for approximately 100 to 150 days, respectively. 54 refs., 5 figs.« less
On the derived Picard group of the Brauer star algebra

In this paper we show that the derived Picard group $TrPic(A)$ of the Brauer star algebra of type $(n,t)$ is generated by shift, $Pic(A)$ and equivalences $\{H_i\}_{i=1}^n$ in the case $t>1$, where $H_i$ were shown to satisfy the relations of the braid group on the affine diagram $\widetilde{A}_{n-1}$ by Schaps and Zakay-Illouz. In the multiplicity free case we show that $TrPic(A)$ is generated by a slightly bigger set.
Unified formulation of numerical methods. I. Green's formulas for operators in discontinuous fields

Applying the method of weighted residuals and then interpreting the resulting equations by means of Green's formulas for discontinuous functions, a direct method of analysis is developed. The scheme includes finite differences, finite elements, and boundary methods. This is the first of a sequence of articles in which the methodology is presented. A fundamental ingredient of the procedure are general Green's formulas for operators defined in discontinuous fields. They are developed in this first article.