Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Debt to Equity Ratio on Financial Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Kenya

Microfinance is the provision of a broad range of financial services such as deposits, loans, payment services, money transfers and insurance to the poor and low-income households and their micro enterprises. However, owing to the fact that there is limited literature on the determinants of financial performance, various studies conducted indicate divergent views on the effect of debt to equity ratio on financial performance. For this reasons it is not clear whether or not debt to equity ratio affect financial performance of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Kenya. The main objective of the study was to investigate the effect of debt to equity ratio on financial performance of MFIs in Kenya. The specific objectives were to; find out the effect of debt to equity ratio, portfolio to assets ratio and operating expense ratio on the financial performance of MFIs in Kenya. Sample size consisted a panel data set of 12 MFIs selected using purposing sampling method for the period from 2009 to 2013 and secondary data was collected. Fixed effect model was the preferred model based on the Hausman specification but the study used random effect model since fixed effect model gave insignificant results. Random effect model results revealed that debt to equity ratio had a negative but insignificant relationship with return on assets ratio. Portfolio to assets ratio had a positive relationship with financial performance but the relationship was not significant. Operating expense ratio had negative and significant relationship with return to assets ratio. The coefficient for lagged return to assets ratio was 0.4733, debt to equity ratio was -0.0026, portfolio to assets ratio was 0.0090 and coefficient for operating expense ratio was -0.1857. P-values for DER was 0.878 , PAR, 0.686 and OER, 0.000. The study recommends that AMFI should conduct audit to ensure that all MFIs maintain a proper balance between debt and equity.
Extended Right Hepatectomy with Partial Vena Cava Resection and Primary Vascular Reconstruction using Venous-venous Bypass for a Single Giant Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background: Hepatic Resection (HR) for Liver Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer (LMCRC) is considered golden standard treatment and additionally it is the single hope to attain a long-term survival in this scenario. Stated surgery or “Classical Approach”, that consist at first the resection of primary tumor followed chemotherapy and finally resection of liver metastasis has been performed with good results. Although in the past giant metastasis with major vascular involvement had been considered a relative contra-indication to the radical surgery, nowadays with improvement of surgical techniques associated a new chemotherapy schemes this scenario has changed. Case report: Middle age male presented a single giant synchronic LMCRC that involved vena cava. He underwent an emergency open right hemicolectomy due a haemorrhagic tumor (T3N0M1) and sequential chemotherapy with eight cycles of FOLFIRINOX regime. There was partial response and he finally underwent a successful extended right hepatectomy with partial vena cava resection and primary anastomosis. To date, fourth months after hepatic resection, he is alive without any recurrence. Conclusion: Although vascular invasion, synchronicity, and diameter of LMCRC can be considered bad prognostic factors to attain a longterm survival, a radical resection even with a major vascular resection with free margins should be tried whenever possible mainly when there is a single lesion that presented partial response to the initial systemic therapy. A long-term survival can be attained such as we have observed in this case report.
Persisting Challenges in Prevention, Management and Prediction of Prognosis in Cervical Cancer

Introduction: It is possible to prevent mortality due to cervical cancer by appropriate and timely therapy. But it continues to be a major contributor of cancer related deaths globally because of failure in prevention, early detection and timely, appropriate therapy.Objectives: Objective was to collect information about persisting challenges in management, prevention, prediction of prognosis of cervical cancer.Methodology: A Simple review was done by using Up-to-date, ERMED CONSORTIUM, Cochrane Library, Delnet, MedIND to get information from available studies and reviews related to prevention, management, prediction of prognosis in cervical cancer and personal experiences were added.Results: Usually, management of cervical cancer is as per age, parity, stage of cancer, associated disorders. It may be conservative or aggressive multimodality therapy. However after planned therapy outcome is not always as per expectations. Answers need research. Nearly 20% of women with cervical cancer die within the first year of diagnosis. Research continues about factors which affect outcome and recurrence after surgery, radiotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, and differences in efficacy of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy. Despite significant developments in management, results seem to be far from optimal. Over years there has been no demonstrable reduction in the incidence of cervical cancer and deaths due to cervical cancer. More than 50% of women diagnosed with cervical cancer are younger than 50 years, so the quality of life is becoming a challenge. Sometimes extensive surgeries like complete or anterior or posterior exenteration might give satisfaction to treating surgeon but what matters is survival with quality. It is not possible to predict the prognosis and know the best therapy for recurrent disease. In developing countries lack of awareness about prevention, geographical, economic inaccessibility, poor quality services, lack of support from families are barriers to early diagnosis and also safe therapy. A lot of more research seems to be necessary for the best therapy.Conclusion: In spite of being almost preventable cancer mortality due to cervical cancer continues to be high. At present, it is mostly not possible to predict prognosis. Appropriate management needs more research and a lot needs to be researched about prognosis too.
Fecundity studies of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fed Coppens feed and Unical aqua feed in circular concrete tanks Journal of Coastal Life Medicine

Objective: To determine and compare the fecundity of Clarias gariepinus ( C. gariepinus ) fed with Unical aqua feed and Coppens feeds in concrete tanks, including the nature of relationship that exist between fecundity and morphometric indices of fish such as total length and total weight. Methods: An experiment was conducted for 6 months in the fish farm of University of Calabar with two triplicate groups of 50 C. gariepinus post-fingerlings. The experimental fish weighing (0.50 ± 0.02) kg were stocked in concrete tanks (circular) of 16.63 m 2 area. The tanks were labelled A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , B 1 , B 2 and B 3 . Fish in tank A 1 , A 2 and A 3 were fed with Coppens feed and fish in tanks B 1 , B 2 and B 3 were fed with Unical aqua feed. Feeding was done twice daily (9:00 and 16:00) at 3% of their body weight. Results: Mean fecundity of C. gariepinus fed with Unical aqua feed (68 366.67 ± 15 966. 29) eggs varied significantly ( P < 0.05) from C. gariepinus fed with Coppens feed (61 833.83 ± 11 692.31) eggs. A linear relationship was observed between fecundity and biometric indices (total length, total weight and ovary weight) of C. gariepinus fed with the two feeds. than C. gariepinus fed with Unical aqua feed (50.37% ± 1.29 %). Water quality parameters including ammonia (mg/L), pH, water temperature ( ° C) and dissolved oxygen (mg/L) fell within the recommended range for the culture of fresh water fish. Conclusions: Fecundity of C. gariepinus reared in concrete tank was significantly influenced by the experimental feed. Therefore, on the bases of affordability and availability to farmers, Unical aqua feed is more economical and is recommended as a cost-effective cultivation of female C. gariepinus broodstock.
Genetic variation and association study for grain yield in germplasm accessions of maize (Zea mays L.)

The present investigation aimed to find out the association among yield and its components and to sort out the traits that are directly or indirectly contributing towards yield in landraces of maize genotypes. The eighty eight (88) maize germplasm collections were used in present study during Kharif -2012 and Kharif -2013 in RCBD design. Pooled data and standard statistics were employed (means, ranges, GM±SE, standard error and coefficient of variation etc.) for analysis of the seventeen quantitative traits to have a reflection of the level of genetic variability. A considerable amount of variability was found among germplasms for various important traits viz. plant height, ear weight, ear length, 1000 kernel weight similarly grain yield per plant etc. grain yield exhibited positive and highly significant correlation with ear height, days to female flower initiation, days to 50% male flower initiation, days to 50% female flower initiation, days to maturity, 1000 grain weight, ear weight at genotypic and phenotypic level. Maximum phenotypic correlation coefficient was recorded by cob diameter (0.955) followed by days to female flower initiation (0.758), plant height (0.718*) and days to male flower initiation (0.679). Path analysis indicated that the character ear height (0.410) recorded highest of the direct effect followed by biological yield per plant (0.408), harvest index (0.328), days to female flower initiation (0.32), prop root (0.149) and 1000 kernel weight (0.136), so such traits may be rewarding and they should be given importance while practicing selection, aimed at improving grain yield per plant in maize. The genotypes JLM 22 was to be found best for high yield by considering all yield contributing traits followed by JLM 51, HKI 1344, CML 429, CML 470, JLM 30 JLM 2 and these can be utilized in further breeding programmes for producing single cross hybrids in Maize.
Effect of Growth Regulators on Quantitative Characters of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most valuable commercial annual spice crop grown in India, also it is an important vegetable crop. Being a crop of tropical and sub-tropical region, it requires a warm humid climate. Fruits are available in the market throughout the year, since chillies are produced in all the season in one or other part of the country. India grows the largest number of vegetable in the world and it is the second largest producer next only to China.
PREVALENCE OF AMELOBLASTOMA AND ITS CLINICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Introduction: Prevalence of ameloblastoma has been established worldwide but collective data of ameloblastoma in Southeast Asian countries has not been well analyzed. Aim: To report prevalence and clinical features of ameloblastoma and its histopathological variants in Tumur city, Karnataka. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study on ameloblastoma was performed based on the oral biopsy specimens available in the Department of Oral Pathology, Sri Siddhartha Dental College and Hospital Tumkur city, Bangalore. The data collected from March 2004 to May 2014 was subjected to statistical analyses with the SPSS version 17.0 using Pearson’s chi square (χ2) test and t-test. The critical level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Total of 400 cases were reviewed, 23 cases (17.3%) were diagnosed with ameloblastoma. The mean age of the patients was 25.3±13.6 years. The predominance was observed in the mandible (92.7%). Posterior body-ramus-angle region was the most common site. Almost all cases were asyptomatic and most common clinical manifestation was swelling of affected region. Multilocular radiolucency was observed in 60% of cases, whereas 40% were unilocular. Three subtypes of ameloblastomas were diagnosed: unicystic ameloblastoma (23%), conventional solid/multicystic ameloblastoma (68%), and desmoplastic ameloblastoma (9%). The most common histologic pattern was the plexiform type followed by follicular type. Conclusion: Prevalence of ameloblastoma in tumkur populations correspond with data from geographic areas of other Asian countries.
AN4_OA_Sidharth 2

Background: Various adjuvants including α-2 adrenergic agonist have been used to prolong the action of local anaesthetics in epidural anaesthesia. Now a days dexmedetomidine is most commonly used adjuvant in epidural anaesthesia but still it may produce side effects like hypotension and bradycardia.There is limited study on efficacy of ketamine as adjuvant in epidural anaesthesia. Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the duration of postoperative analgesia and side effects of epidural dexmedetomidine with ropivacaine versus epidural ketamine with ropivacaine in lower abdominal and lower limb surgery. Methods: This prospective randomised study was carried out in 100 patients of 20-60 years of age and of ASA classes I/II. All the patients, posted for lower abdominal and lower limb surgery were divided into two groups of 50 each. Group RD received 15ml ropivacaine(0.75%) with dexmedetomidine(1μgm/kg) and group RK received 15ml ropivacaine with ketamine(0.5mg/kg). Time for first rescue analgesia request, sensory and motor block characteristics and side effects were recorded. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Time of first rescue analgesia request was delayed in group RD (360.15±35.23min) than group RK (311.14±32.48min) which was statistically significant. Both onset of sensory and motor block was earlier and duration of sensory and motor block was prolonged in group RD compared to group RK which was statistically significant. Hemodynamic parameters and side effects were comparable in both groups. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine is a superior additive to ropivacaine compared to ketamine. Dexmedetomidine provides prolonged postoperative analgesia, earlier onset of sensory and motor block with minimal side effects.
When Choosing to Put Alcohol Before Food: Drunkoexia and College Students

WHEN CHOOSING TO PUT ALCOHOL BEFORE FOOD: DRUNKOREXIA AND COLLEGE STUDENTS by Jennifer Anne Miller Drinking and eating behaviors continue to be issues on college campuses. Overall, the results from this study did not yield supporting data for drunkorexia. However, it still brings to light that more studies should be done to investigate the relationship between disordered eating and alcohol consumption behaviors. Upon review of the data, several aspects stand out besides not identifying drunkorexia in this data set; the first being that no gender difference was seen between men and women in the many ways drunkorexia was assessed. Giles et al. (2009) reported a difference in men and women -finding that women were are higher risk for memory loss, being injured, or being taken advantage of sexually, while men were more likely to get into physical fights. The pressure of college may bridge the gap between men and women when it comes to eating and alcohol consumption behaviors. The current study failed to find a difference between men and women. Additional research is needed. WHEN CHOOSING TO PUT ALCOHOL BEFORE FOOD: DRUNKOREXIA AND COLLEGE STUDENTS
GRANULOMA REVISITED: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF GRANULOMATOUS SKIN LESIONS AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN GUJARAT

Context: Clinico-pathological features of each entity of granulomatous reaction have been evaluated independently. However, considerable clinical and histopathological overlap exists making it diagnostically challenging for the treating physician. We conducted this study, as there is paucity of data in this regard. Aims: To analyze demographic parameters in patients with granulomatous skin diseases and to detect level of clinicopathological concordance in the study group.
Results of the Experimentation of a Platform for Automated Detection of Situations at Risk of Cardiac Decompensation (E-CarePlatform) in Elderly Patients with Multiple Comorbidities

Introduction: Monitoring patients with heart failure by telemedicine systems is a potential means susceptible to optimize the management of these patients and avoid life-threatening emergencies. In this context, we experimented in patients with chronic disorders, especially heat failure, an e-platform E-care dedicated to automated, intelligent detection of situations at risk of heart failure. Methods: The E-care platform based on medical sensors, communicating, to go up, in real time, to an intelligent physiological information and an analysis of the ontology medical, leading ultimately to the generation of alerts. These are related to a deterioration of the health status of patients in relation to a decompensation of chronic pathologies ( criterion dHS), in particular of heart failure (criterion dCHF), leading to a potential hospitalization. To validate these alerts, an experiment was conducted between February 2014 and April 2015. The E-care platform was deployed to patients followed in internal medicine. During this phase, alerts were collected and analyzed retrospectively in terms of sensitivity (se), specificity (spe), positive predictive values (ppv) and negative (npv) in relation to clinical data. Results: One hundred and eighty patients were included and 1,500 measurements were obtained. The patient profile included in this experiment was an elderly patient, with comorbidity in 90% of cases –mean Charlson score of 4.1), with chronic heart failure in more than 60% of cases. The analysis of the alerts shows: 1) for criterion dHS: se, spe, ppv and npv values of respectively 100%, 30%, 89% and 100%; and 2) for criterion dCHF: se, spe, ppv and npv values of 100%, 72%, 90% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: These results show that the remote monitoring platform E-care can detect 100% of cardiac decompensation and that in 3⁄4 cases, the alerts are related to the latter. Only 10% of alerts are not directly related to HF. In this experiment, the results highlight that in the absence of alert, the patient has no problem, at the cost of many false alarms. In practice, the telemedicine system E-care therefore allows automatically, non-intrusive, generate alerts related to the deterioration of the patient’s health and especially cardiac decompensation.
In Vivo Evaluation of Methanol and Ethanol Leaf Extracts of Spondias mombin

This study evaluated the phytochemical constituents of Spondias mombin leaves and investigated its methanol and ethanol leaf extracts in vivo in rats against sodium arsenite induced toxicity. Sodium arsenite was administered intraperitoneally at 2.5 mg/kg body weight. Cyclophosphamide (positive control) was administered at 1.5 mg/kg body weight. Ethanol and methanol leaf extracts of Spondias mombin were administered orally at 200 mg/ kg body weight. The serum enzyme activities GT, ALP, AST and ALT; micronucleus, and haematological parameters were used to evaluate the level of toxicities induced by sodium arsenite, and possible attenuation of these toxicities by ethanol and methanol leaf extracts of Spondias mombin. The phytochemical analysis revealed that leaves of Spondias mombin contain total phenol (0.508), tannins (0.048), saponins (0.077) and flavonoids (0.192) all in ppm. Sodium arsenite and cyclophosphamide significantly induced micronuclei in mPCEs in bone marrow when compared to negative control (p<0.05). Ethanol leaf extracts lowered sodium arsenite induced micronuclei in co-administration. Sodium arsenite and cyclophosphamide showed high percentage increases of ALT, AST and ALP activities with a decreased activity in -GT. The increased activity of some of the enzymes in co-administration of sodium arsenite with the leaf extracts indicates sodium arsenite injurious effect to liver could not be completely suppressed by the extracts. Ibegbu MD* 1 , Ikekpeazu JE 1 , Ezeagu IE 1 , Onyekwelu KC 1 , Olusanya TOB 2 1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Nigeria 2 Department of Pharmacy, Health and Well-being, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sunderland,
Antioxidant Properties of Red and Yellow Varieties of Cashew Apple, Nut and Husk (Anacardium Occidentale L.) Harvested in Mexico

Numerous studies have reported the health benefits of consuming fruits and vegetables that contain antioxidant properties. Within the group of fruits considered exotic, some are accessible and only consumed in their place of origin, such as soursop, noni, kiwi, pitahaya, and others. Anacardium occidentale, cashew, is a crop native to the Brazilian northeast that has excellent medicinal and nutritional properties. Because few studies have characterized cashew produced in Mexico, in the present work, the physicochemical properties and antioxidant capacity of cashew apple (red and yellow varieties) and its nut were studied. The content of total phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity were higher in the nut (174.19±20.98 GAE mg/100 g db) while cashew red pulp showed a superior value of the phenol content (159.75±12.91 GAE mg/100 g db) to that of yellow cashew pulp (151.9±5.23 GAE mg/100 g db). A high value was obtained for the TPC of the husk of cashew nut (74.30 mg GAE/g) compared with those of the kernel and false fruit. Red cashew presented a higher antioxidant capacity at 77.65 μmol Trolox/g and was superior to that of the kernel (38.52±2.9 μmol Trolox/g). Because cashew apple is usually discarded, a marmalade based on the pulp is proposed as an alternative for its conservation because it has a high content of phenolic compounds that is conserved for six weeks of shelf life. DOI: 10.14302/issn.2471-2140.jaa-19-2747 Corresponding author: López-Cortez, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-Instituto Politecnico Nacional. Department of Biophysics, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala, s/n. Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Apartado Postal 42-186 México, D.F. C.P. 11340, México. Tel: +52 5557296000 ext. 62314
Emergency Hospital Admissions : older patients' perceptions

The increasing number of emergency admissions of older people to hospital in the United Kingdom has been highlighted by the Audit Commission as particularly problematic. It is an area where the responsibilities of health and social services overlap, yet it has received relatively little attention from policy-makers and researchers. Studies to date have a number of methodological drawbacks, including a lack of consideration given to the views of the older people admitted as patients. This article reports the main findings from an interprofessional research study in Birmingham, which attempted to involve older people who had experienced emergency admissions to hospital in the planning of future services. The aim was to examine the medical and social factors leading to admission and to learn more of the scope for preventative work in the future. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews with 52 people over the age of 65 who between them accounted for 63 hospital admissions. The findings have highlighted the scope for preventative work with older people and the need for closer working between health and social services. These issues are discussed in the context of current government strategies and policies on health and welfare reforms.