Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling how bottom-up and top-down processes control the major functional groups of biota in a large temperate shallow lake

ABSTRACT Ecosystem models that measure the impact of quantitative interactions between trophic levels are widely used tools in ecosystem studies and fishery management. We constructed a mass-balance trophic model using an Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) modelling suite for large shallow Lake Võrtsjärv, Estonia. The model was calibrated for 36 years (1983–2018) and included 23 functional groups. We examined trophic relationships, functional group interactions, energy fluxes, and keystone groups having a high impact on the ecosystem relative to their biomass. We tested 6 hypothetical scenarios based on future biomass changes for the major functional groups (phytoplankton, zooplankton, macrozoobenthos, piscivorous fish, and bream) for 20 years. The output of the predictive scenarios showed that the biomass changes of planktonic groups would affect the whole food web. Among consumers, macrozoobenthos was crucial for the food web balance because a reduction of their biomass would also reduce the biomass of the fish community. Changes in fish catches would cause minimal biomass difference in other groups. While increased fishing pressure on large piscivores would have a marked effect on the rest of the food web, the reduction of nonpiscivorous fish like bream would have little effect. The results suggested a positive relationship between the biomass of small phytoplankton and fish, alluding to the prevalence of bottom-up trophic processes. These outcomes could be helpful for assessing trophic dynamics in shallow lakes and important aspects for fisheries and ecosystem management.
Emotional well-being impact on travel motivation and intention of outbound vacationers during the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT This study attempts to investigate tourists’ emotional well-being in routine life with travel motivations and intention during COVID-19. Based on a survey of 511 Macao outbound vacationers, this study tested the hypotheses and revealed that the push factor of ‘escape & relaxation’ and two motivational constructs of ‘ safety & convenience’ and ‘family socialization’, which much concerned tourists during COVID-19 pandemic, could significantly influence tourists’ repeat travel intention. Moreover, the results indicated that tourists’ positive emotions toward their routine life could increase their repeat travel intention and motivation of ‘safety & convenience’ but decrease the need of ‘family socialization’ for tourism consumption, while negative emotions did the opposite. This study empirically confirmed the significant effects of emotional well-being in routine life on tourists’ travel motivations and intention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some theoretical implications for future research and managerial implications for tourism recovery were discussed.
Gallic Acid Mitigates 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Formation while Enhancing or Preserving Browning and Antioxidant Activity Development in Glucose/Arginine and Sucrose/Arginine Maillard Model Systems

The current trend of lowering 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) dietary exposure is challenging since its formation is parallel with the development of food color, flavor and aroma. We aimed to investigate the effect of gallic acid (GA) addition on 5-HMF formation, color development and antioxidant activity (AA) in a series of Maillard Reaction (MR) model systems. The effects of GA addition on browning and AA development were not uniform for all model systems, but always occurred in the same direction, indicating that these phenomena were interconnected. GA mitigated 5-HMF development in four of the nine tested systems, possibly by preventing the oxidation of MR intermediates. Correlation analysis indicated that when GA addition mitigated 5-HMF formation, browning was either promoted or not affected. The proposed strategy was effective for glucose/arginine and sucrose/arginine systems, since GA mitigated 5-HMF formation (49% and 54%, respectively) in addition to increasing color development and antioxidant activity.
Higher Order Variational Inequalities

: In this paper, we prove that the optimality conditions of the higher order strongly convex functions are characterized by a class of variational inequalities, which is called the higher order strongly variational inequality. Auxiliary principle technique is used to suggest an implicit method for solving higher order strongly variational inequalities. Convergence analysis of the proposed method is investigated using the pseudo-monotonicity of the operator. Some special cases also discussed. Results obtained in this paper can be viewed as reﬁnement and improvement of previously known results.
Fast Bayesian graph update for SLAM

Robust, accurate localization is crucial to many of the current challenges in robotics. In recent years, visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) approaches have been studied intensively. The majority of approaches realize an excellent performance through precise visual odometry (VO) and loop closing based on a graph optimization technique. However, as the graph size increases, the computation time required for the graph optimization increases significantly. This makes it difficult to implement on mobile devices and causes a decrease in online performance. We propose a novel Bayesian graph update (BGU) to accelerate the loop closing of graph-based SLAM. The proposed method comprises sequentially updating the graph each time a new edge is obtained instead of optimizing the entire graph. Consequently, the update latency of one loop closing is reduced. The fundamental idea is to update whole edges on the graph using a Bayesian filtering method. We propose a fast algorithm based on a decoupled extended Kalman filter; its calculation time is proportionate to the number of edges at most. We confirm the speed and accuracies of our BGU using a simulated dataset. We also demonstrate that our BGU works well with actual visual SLAM methods by equipping it on ORB-SLAM2. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Acute Effects of Tissue Flossing Coupled with Functional Movements on Knee Range of Motion, Static Balance, in Single-Leg Hop Distance, and Landing Stabilization Performance in Female College Students

Flexibility, specifically that in the amplitude of sagittal-plane range of motion (ROM), can improve jump landing patterns and reduce the potential for sports injury. The use of floss bands (FLOSS) reportedly increases joint range of motion (ROM) in the shoulder, ankle, and elbow joints. However, little research on the effectiveness of FLOSS on the knee joint has been conducted. This study investigated the effects of FLOSS on knee ROM, static balance, single-leg-hop distance, and landing stabilization performance in women. This study had a crossover design. Twenty active female college students without musculoskeletal disorders were randomly assigned to receive a FLOSS intervention or elastic bandage (ELA) control on their dominant knees. The participants underwent FLOSS and ELA activities on two occasions with 48 h of rest between both sets of activities. The outcomes were flexibility of the quadriceps and hamstrings, how long one could maintain a single-leg stance (with and without eyes closed), distance on a single-leg triple hop, and score on the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS); these outcomes were evaluated at preintervention and postintervention (immediately following band removal and 20 min later). After the FLOSS intervention, the participants’ hamstring flexibility improved significantly (immediately after: p = 0.001; 20 min later: p = 0.002), but their quadricep flexibility did not. In addition, FLOSS use did not result in worse single-leg stance timing, single-leg triple-hop distance, or landing stabilization performance relative to ELA use. Compared with the ELA control, the FLOSS intervention yielded significantly better LESS at 20 min postintervention (p = 0.032), suggesting that tissue flossing can improve landing stability. In conclusion, the application of FLOSS to the knee improves hamstring flexibility without impeding static balance, and improves single-leg hop distance and landing stabilization performance in women for up to 20 min. Our findings elucidate the effects of tissue flossing on the knee joint and may serve as a reference for physiotherapists or athletic professionals in athletic practice settings.
Relationship Between Size and Intensity in North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones With Steady Radii of Maximum Wind

Infrared brightness temperature and tropical cyclone (TC) data from 2000 to 2018 were used to investigate the relationships between the radius of maximum wind (RMW), radius of gale‐force winds (34 kt or 17 m/s; R34), and intensity for intensifying and expanding North Atlantic TCs. Different relationships between intensity and R34 were found for different RMWs. Very deep convective clouds with infrared brightness temperatures ≤208 K are mainly observed on the outer edge of the RMW when it is stable. In such a case, the TC intensifies and R34 expands rapidly when very deep convective clouds occur in both the inner and outer regions, and thus a linear relationship between the intensity and R34 occurs when the RMW is stable.
Fear of childbirth: A review of interventions based on Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Fear of vaginal birth is a very common phenomenon among women and may significantly impact maternal-infant health. The goal of this study is to investigate how Cognitive-@Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has been applied in cases of fear of childbirth and assess the efficacy of such interventions. A systematic review of these practices was made using the BVS Brazil, Scopus, and PubMed databases, from February to April 2019. After analyzing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of six full studies were selected as the final sample for this research. Therapeutic techniques such as cognitive re-structuring, exposure, and mindfulness have proven to be important means of developing a less cata-strophic perception of childbirth along with greater self-confidence in the abilities to cope with labor. The review led to the conclusion that CBT does have the potential to treat fear of childbirth.
Ortaokul Öğretmenlerine Göre Okul Müdürlerinin Liderlik Davranışları İle Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Bağlılığının İncelenmesi

The purpose of this study is to investigate of the relationship between secondary school teachers' views on the leadership of school principals and teachers’ organizational commitment levels. The study intended to examine how well teachers' views on the leadership of school principals can predict their perceptions of organizational commitment as well. 274 teachers working at the secondary school level in the 2020-2021 academic year in the Ereğli district of Zonguldak province participated in the study. The School Leadership Scale has been used to determine the leadership features of school principals which are used as a data collection tool of the research and the Organizational Commitment Scale has been used to measure the commitment of the teachers to the school. The frequency analysis, arithmetic mean, Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, correlation analysis, and regression analysis have been implemented by using the SPSS program. As a result of the study, it was determined that teachers' perceptions in the leadership of school principals and their organizational commitment levels were high. It was determined that school leadership differs on the gender variable and it was determined that the scores of the male participants who participate in the research were higher than the female participants. It was determined that the professional seniority of the teachers did not affect their school leadership perceptions and organizational commitment. It was found out that there is a positive and moderate relationship between the leadership behavior of school principals and organizational commitment. Leadership behavior of school principals predicted organizational commitment positively and significantly.
Direct type I interferon signaling in hepatocytes controls malaria

Malaria is a devastating disease impacting over half of the world’s population. Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria undergo obligatory development and replication in hepatocytes before infecting red blood cells and initiating clinical disease. While type I interferons (IFNs) are known to facilitate innate immune control to Plasmodium in the liver, how they do so has remained unresolved, preventing the manipulation of such responses to combat malaria. Utilizing transcriptomics, infection studies, and a novel transgenic Plasmodium strain that exports and traffics Cre recombinase, we show that direct type I IFN signaling in Plasmodium-infected hepatocytes is necessary and sufficient to control malaria. We also show that the majority of infected hepatocytes naturally eliminate Plasmodium infection, revealing the potential existence of anti-malarial cell-autonomous immune responses in such hepatocytes. These discoveries challenge the existing paradigms in Plasmodium immunobiology and are expected to inspire new anti-malarial drugs and vaccine strategies.
Recommendations on Weight Loss and Healthy Lifestyle in Prostate Cancer Clinical Guidelines: A Systematic Review

Obesity is associated with negative prostate cancer outcomes (e.g., specific mortality, all-cause mortality, biochemical recurrence, etc.), according to the current scientific literature. Nevertheless, recommendations on weight loss and healthy lifestyles are poorly covered by clinicians. We aimed at identifying these recommendations from clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for prostate cancer. We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, guideline databases and online sources for CPGs updated from January 2015 to August 2021. The searches were independently conducted by two researchers, without language restrictions. A total of 97 prostate cancer guidelines, including 84 (86.6%) CPGs and 13 (13.4%) consensus statements, were included. Recommendations on reaching and maintaining a healthy weight or healthy lifestyles were provided by 7 (7.2%) and 13 (13.4%) documents, respectively. No differences regarding recommendations were found by type of document, year of publication or country. Our results suggest that professional societies and governments should update prostate cancer guidelines to include these recommendations for improving prostate cancer prognosis.
When Uncertainty Decouples Expected and Unexpected Losses

A parsimonious extension of a well-known portfolio credit-risk model allows us to study a salient stylized fact – abrupt switches between highand low-loss phases – from a risk-management perspective. As uncertainty about phase switches increases, expected losses decouple from unexpected losses, which reflect a high percentile of the loss distribution. Banks that ignore this decoupling have shortfalls of loss-absorbing resources, which is more detrimental if the portfolio is more diversified within a phase. Likewise, the risk-management benefits of improving phase-switch forecasts increase with diversification. The analysis of these findings leads us to an empirical method for comparing the degree of within-phase default clustering across portfolios. JEL Codes: G21; G28; G32
Raising an Army: A Positive Theory of Military Recruitment

THIs essay presents and tests a positive theory of the choice between conscription and voluntarism as means to supply manpower to the military. These systems have coexisted for centuries, and neither appears to be in general decline. In the sample of nations studied here, 45 percent of the seventy-eight countries studied did not use conscripts at all in 1983. Countries as dissimilar as the United States and the Sudan rely exclusively on volunteers, whereas France and Germany, with economies much more like the U.S. economy, use conscription. In addition to the obvious cross-sectional differences between nations, individual countries will change recruitment techniques over time. For example, most countries with volunteer forces will resort to conscription during wartime. With the exception of a brief period before the United States entered the Second World War, peacetime national conscription did not come to America until after World War II, though conscripts were called up in the Civil War and both world wars.1 In 1960 the United
Effect of the Magnetospheric Plasma Interaction and Solar Illumination on Ion Sputtering of Europa’s Surface Ice

For the entire ion energy range observed at Europa, we calculate spatially resolved maps of the surface sputtering rates of H2O, O2, and H2 from impacts by magnetospheric ions. We use the perturbed electromagnetic fields from a hybrid model of Europa’s plasma interaction, along with a particle‐tracing tool, to calculate the trajectories of magnetospheric ions impinging onto the surface and their resultant sputtering yields. We examine how the distribution of the sputtering rates depends on the electromagnetic field perturbations, the angle between the solar radiation and the corotating plasma flow, and the thickness of the oxygen‐bearing layer within Europa’s surface. Our major findings are: (a) Magnetic field‐line draping partially diverts the impinging ions around Europa, reducing the sputtering rates on the upstream hemisphere, but allowing for substantial sputtering from the downstream hemisphere. In contrast, zero sputtering occurs in much of the downstream hemisphere with uniform electromagnetic fields. (b) If the oxygen‐bearing surface layer is thin compared to the penetration depth of magnetospheric ions, thermal ions dominate the O2 sputtering rates, and the region of strongest sputtering is persistently located near the upstream apex. However, if the oxygen‐bearing layer is thick compared to the penetration depth, energetic ions sputter the most O2, and the location of maximum sputtering follows the sub‐solar point as Europa orbits Jupiter. (c) The global production rate of O2 from Europa’s surface varies by a factor of 3 depending upon the Moon’s orbital position, with the maximum particle release occurring when Europa’s Sun‐lit and upstream hemispheres coincide.
Employee Perspectives on Onsite Health Clinics in Semiconductor Company in South Korea

(1) Background: Onsite clinics are increasingly common features of corporate health promotion programs. These clinics allow employers to offer convenient care to employees at their workplaces, which can lead to reduced healthcare expenditure and improved productivity. The objective of this study was to build basic data by qualitatively exploring employees’ experiences and perspectives on onsite clinics in a semiconductor company, as one part of the project to examine and improve the health management system of a large semiconductor company in Korea. (2) Methods: This study adopted the methodology of “Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research” (COREQ-32 checklist). Semi-structured interviews were conducted for this study over a two-month period. For data analysis, a codebook was developed and the constant comparative method was used. (3) Results: Most employees perceived convenience and a sense of belonging as the benefits of onsite clinics, while barriers to the use of onsite clinics included a lack of communication, concerns about confidentiality, and a provider-centered system. Promotion of onsite clinic services and affiliated physicians, employee-centered service provisions, and trust-building in healthcare information privacy were considered necessary to strengthen the role of onsite clinics as a primary care provider in the workplace. (4) Conclusions: The results of this qualitative study help us to gain a better understanding of employees’ perspectives on the onsite clinic’s service and roles.
Intraoral Scanners in Orthodontics: A Critical Review

Background: The use of digital technology has exponentially increased over recent years. Intraoral scanners, especially, have gained traction within orthodontics. The objective of the present review is to investigate the available evidence to create an up-to-date presentation of various clinical aspects of intraoral scanners in orthodontics. Methods: Search without restrictions in seven databases (Pubmed, CENTRAL, Cochrane Reviews, Scopus, Web of Science, Clinical Trials, Proquest) since inception, and hand searching until October 2020, were conducted. Results: The majority of studies were either cross-over or parallel group studies. The accuracy and reproducibility of intraoral scanners, in comparison to conventional methods, were investigated in several studies, with controversial results. The duration of the procedure did not report any clear outcome in favor of any method. Patients seem to prefer intraoral scanning, even though numerous studies point out the importance of operators’ experience and skills. Conclusions: Despite the innovations that intraoral scanners have brought in orthodontic clinical practice, there are still some challenges and limitations in their use. The majority of existing limitations may be overcome with experience and good clinical skills. More high-quality studies need to be conducted so that clinicians can have a clear image of this new technology.
Stance Analysis of Distance Education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Arabic Twitter Data

The coronavirus has caused significant disruption to people’s everyday lives, altering how people live, work, and study. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) reacted very quickly to suppress the spread of the virus even before the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in the country. In the education sector, all face-to-face activities at public and private schools and universities were suspended, as they switched from traditional to distance learning for the entire 2020 academic year. This study collected 1,846,285 tweets to analyze the public’s dynamic opinions towards distance education in the KSA during the 2020 academic year. Several classical machine-learning models and deep-learning models, including ensemble random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), multinomial naïve Bayes (MNB), convolutional neural network (CNN), and long short-term memory (LSTM), were tested on this data, and the best-performing models were selected to analyze the public stance towards distance education. Additionally, I correlated my analysis with the major events that were announced by the Ministry of Education (MOE). I observed that people in the KSA took some time to react and express their stances at the start of the academic year. Regarding the news, I observed that any exam-related topic attracted high engagement. In-favor stances increased when news headlines covered the topic of exams compared to other topics. The results show that the primary Saudi public stance favored distance education during the 2020 academic year.
Interactive learning materials for subjects Music Theory and Solfeggio in the Slovenian primary music school

With the outbreak of the pandemic, general and music education shifted completely to remote learning as the only possible form. The research looks into didactic approaches using digital technology adopted by active teachers and students in the Slovenian music school in asynchronous distance learning. On a sample of 9 active teachers and 16 students, the research study examined 31 interactive learning materials in order to identify innovative didactic approaches using digital tools which were applied to achieve learning objectives within musical activities of the Music Theory and Solfeggio. Based on qualitative-quantitative approach, the research showed a low presence of didactic approaches using digital tools. Even though the results show a higher level of use of digital technology among students, the research focused much more on the presence of e-learning materials as well as predominantly traditional teaching approaches, similar to the classical type of classroom teaching.