Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Peer Feedback Reflects the Mindset and Academic Motivation of Learners

Given that little is known how peer feedback reflects adolescents’ academic well-being in different cultures, this study investigates, by means of multiple-group structural equation modeling (SEM), the influence of peer feedback on the mindset and academic motivation of Chinese (N = 992) and Finnish (N = 870) students in the fourth to the ninth school grades. Within this investigation, we also explore the culture-invariant and culture-dependent nature of student feedback, mindset and academic motivation. The results indicate that the way students praise their peers in their feedback primes and modifies their mindsets and academic motivation. Person-focused praise reflects a fixed mindset and negative academic motivation (i.e., avoidance), whereas process-focused praise undermines negative academic motivation. The pupils in the two samples had growth mindsets. However, the Finnish students preferred to bestow neutral praise and to be more negative with regard to their academic motivation whereas the Chinese students favored process- and person-focused praise, the former reflecting not only their growth mindset but also their positive academic motivation (i.e., trying).
My Voice Capturing My Attention to Myself: The Effects of Objective Self-Awareness on Japanese People

Previous research has demonstrated that the presence of a mirror does not influence Japanese people’s self-evaluation and cheating behaviors, which reflects their tendency to habitually think of themselves based on their imagined perspectives of others. The present work extends the evidence by manipulating the presence of the participants’ own voices as well as that of a mirror (Study 1); it explores the effects of another participant’s voice (Study 2). Consistent with previous findings, the presence of a mirror does not influence Japanese participants’ self-esteem, moral values, and cheating behaviors. In contrast, an impact of their own voice was partially found. The exposure to their own voice decreased the participants’ moral value of fairness and discouraged the participants from cheating by drawing additional coins. Furthermore, no effect of other voices was found. Overall, we observed a limited effect of self-focusing stimuli in Japanese participants, although it should be noted that their own voices were relatively effective for capturing self-focused attention.
Identifying Reliable Predictors of Educational Outcomes Through Machine-Learning Predictive Modeling

Results-based financing has guided the development of policies with measurable results improving learning outcomes at micro/macro levels. However, it is then necessary to identify factors which predict early and accurately favorable or challenging conditions for learning. Learning outcomes depend on complex interactions between multiple variables, many of which are not fully understood. The objective was to develop valid and accurate models predicting low and high levels of math performance and Vietnamese language, using machine-learning algorithms, as part of an international large-scale project in primary education in Vietnam. The models achieved very high accuracy (95–100%). A strong common pattern has been found for both Math and Vietnamese language, for the low and high levels of performance: the individual cognitive characteristics, physical factors and daily routines/ activities of the child are very important predictive factors of academic performance, as measured by student performance in the final Grade 5 test in math and Vietnamese, respectively. Parental expectations, pre-school attendance and school trajectory of students have added relative importance in the classification. In order to accurately identify an expected low or high academic performance outcome, it is the full pattern of variables contained in the vector of information from each case that should be considered. Because, although each variable in a particular vector has a small contribution to the total predictive weight, it is the overall pattern containing the interactions between these variables that carries the necessary information for the accurate predictions. In addition, the identification of specific patterns for extreme groups of performance provides the necessary guidance for more focused educational interventions/investment and sound educational policies.
Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Breast Cancer: From Genome Instability to Metastasis

The emergence of clinical resistance in repeatedly treated cancers extends from the primary tumor's capability to exploit genome instability to adapt, escape, and progress. Triple negative breast cancer serves as a good example of such a response demonstrating poor clinical outcome due to a high rate of cellular heterogeneity resulting in metastatic relapse. The capability to effectively track the emergence of therapeutic resistance in real-time and adapt the clinical response is the holy grail for precision medicine and has yet to be realized. In this review we present liquid biopsy using CTCs and ctDNA as a potential replacement and/or addition to the current diagnostic tests to deliver personalized therapies to patients with advanced breast cancer. We outline current uses of liquid biopsy in the metastatic breast cancer setting and discuss their limitations. In addition, we provide a detailed overview of common genome instability events in patients with metastatic breast cancer and how these can be tracked using liquid biopsy.
Cholinergic Projections From the Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus Contact Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons in the Inferior Colliculus

The inferior colliculus processes nearly all ascending auditory information. Most collicular cells respond to sound, and for a majority of these cells, the responses can be modulated by acetylcholine (ACh). The cholinergic effects are varied and, for the most part, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The major source of cholinergic input to the inferior colliculus is the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT), part of the pontomesencephalic tegmentum known for projections to the thalamus and roles in arousal and the sleep-wake cycle. Characterization of PPT inputs to the inferior colliculus has been complicated by the mixed neurotransmitter population within the PPT. Using selective viral-tract tracing techniques in a ChAT-Cre Long Evans rat, the present study characterizes the distribution and targets of cholinergic projections from PPT to the inferior colliculus. Following the deposit of viral vector in one PPT, cholinergic axons studded with boutons were present bilaterally in the inferior colliculus, with the greater density of axons and boutons ipsilateral to the injection site. On both sides, cholinergic axons were present throughout the inferior colliculus, distributing boutons to the central nucleus, lateral cortex, and dorsal cortex. In each inferior colliculus (IC) subdivision, the cholinergic PPT axons appear to contact both GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons. These findings suggest cholinergic projections from the PPT have a widespread influence over the IC, likely affecting many aspects of midbrain auditory processing. Moreover, the effects are likely to be mediated by direct cholinergic actions on both excitatory and inhibitory circuits in the inferior colliculus.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Myasthenia Gravis

The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been a major breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy. The increasing use of ICIs has led to the discovery of a broad spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Immune-related myasthenia gravis (irMG) is a rare but life-threatening irAE. In this review, the clinical presentations of irMG are described and the risk of irMG-related mortality is examined using information from relevant studies. In 47 reported cases of irMG with clear causes of mortality, irMG appeared to be a distinct category of neuromuscular disorders and differed from classical MG in terms of its demographic patient characteristics, pathogenesis, serology profile, response to treatment, associated complications, and prognosis. Because of the high mortality of irMG, measures to increase the vigilance of medical teams are necessary to ensure the timely identification of the signs of irMG and early treatment, particularly in the early course of ICI therapy. The diagnostic plans should be comprehensive and include the evaluation of other organ systems, such as the dermatological, gastrointestinal, respiratory, neuromuscular, and cardiovascular systems, in addition to the traditional diagnostic tests for MG. Treatment plans should be individualized on the basis of the extent of organ involvement and clinical severity. Additional therapeutic studies on irMG in the future are required to minimize irAE-related mortality and increase the safety of patients with cancer in the ICI era.
Biodiversity changes in the lakes of the Central Yangtze

The Central Yangtze ecoregion in China includes a number of lakes, but these have been greatly affected by human activities over the past several decades, resulting in severe loss of biodiversity. In this paper, we document the present distribution of the major lakes and the changes in size that have taken place over the past 50 years, using remote sensing data and historical observations of land cover in the region. We also provide an overview of the changes in species richness, community composition, population size and age structure, and individual body size of aquatic plants, fishes, and waterfowl in these lakes. The overall species richness of aquatic plants found in eight major lakes has decreased substantially during the study period. Community composition has also been greatly altered, as have population size and age and individual body size in some species. These changes are largely attributed to the integrated effects of lake degradation, the construction of large hydroelectric dams, the establishment of nature reserves, and lake restoration practices.
Nest-Box use by the Barn Owl Tyto alba in a Biological Pest Control Program in the Beit She'an Valley, Israel

Starting in 1983, nest boxes for Barn Owls Tyto alba were erected as part of a biological pest control program to deal with rodents, in Kibbutz Sde Eliyahu, and later in other agricultural fields and plantations in the Beit She'an valley, Israel. More than a decade ago, the nest box scheme was extended to include other agricultural areas in the valley, and grew from 14 boxes on 3 km2 in 1983 to about 300 boxes on 90 km2 throughout the entire Beit She'an valley in 2007. Here we present the results of a study during the 2002 through 2006 breeding seasons, in which 156 to 243 nest boxes were monitored each season. Mean occupation of nest boxes during the study was 53.5% (SE 2.1, n = 248), and a total of 596 breeding attempts were recorded, of which 85.2% successfully fledged at least one young. Yearly occupation of nest boxes varied significantly between the years, ranging from 48.1% to 73.5%. The occupancy rate of first-year nest boxes was lower than that of those available for two or more years. The occupancy rate and the number of nestlings per box (per year) were positively correlated to the distance to the closest nest box and negatively correlated to the number of nest boxes within a 500 m radius. Similar to other studies in the world, the erection of nest boxes for Barn Owls in agricultural fields proved extremely successful in the Beit She'an valley, with 86.7% (n = 248) of nest boxes being occupied at least once during the five-year study period. This high occupancy rate demonstrates not only that natural nesting sites were lacking, but also that nest boxes can be used to increase Barn Owl populations in agricultural areas, both for conservation and for biological pest control.
Studies on Phosphorus in Compost Charged with Rockphosphate

Charging farm compost with Mussoorie rockphosphate with and without pyrite increased the citrate soluble P. Much of inorganic P was changed into organic form during composting. Different inorganic phosphorus fractions were found in the decreasing order of abundance as Ca—P, occluded Fe—P, Fe—P, Al—P and occluded Al—P. Incorporation of rockphosphate also improved the quality of compost by increasing the contents of nitrogen, calcium, magnesium and micronutrients.
Molecular Systematics of the Deep-Sea Fish Genus Gonostoma (Stomiiformes: Gonostomatidae): Two Paraphyletic Clades and Resurrection of Sigmops

Abstract A recent morphological analysis demonstrated that Cyclothone, one of four currently recognized gonostomatid genera, was nested within Gonostoma, rendering the latter paraphyletic. In an attempt to resolve the interrelationships of Gonostoma and Cyclothone using molecular data, we determined the nucleotide sequences of a portion of the mitochondrially encoded 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA genes from 11 gonostomatids, including all seven valid Gonostoma species, and Diplophos taenia as an outgroup. Secondary structure-based alignment resulted in a character matrix consisting of 566 base pairs of unambiguously aligned sequences from the two genes, which were subjected to phylogenetic analyses using maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood methods. The resultant tree topologies from the two methods were congruent, with many nodes being strongly supported by various tree statistics. As in the morphological analysis, the molecular data indicated the monophyly of Gonostoma + Cyclothone and paraphyly of Gonostoma, although the intrarelationships of Gonostoma differed greatly from those suggested by the morphological data. The molecular data supported the existence of two basal, paraphyletic clades within Gonostoma, the first comprising two light-colored species (G. atlanticum, G. denudatum) and representing a sister clade of Cyclothone, and the second, five dark-colored species (G. ebelingi, G. elongatum, G. longipinnis, G. gracile, G. bathyphilum). Although several alternative classifications exist that reflect the molecular phylogeny, the resurrection of Sigmops Gill, 1883 for the clade of Gonostoma comprising five dark-colored species is proposed to maximize the information content in the classification.
Human and wildlife usage of a protected area buffer zone in an area of high immigration

Abstract Population growth near protected areas threatens the capacity of such areas for biodiversity conservation. Protected areas may even encourage growth by providing economic benefits that attract migrants. Consequently, understanding the relationships between human demographics and biodiversity is important for conservation. We studied a community-governed Wildlife Management Area bordering the Selous Game Reserve in Tanzania, set up to benefit local people and the subsistence rural economy. Annual population growth in this area is 5%. We used a combination of ecological and socio-economic surveys to determine the causes of this growth and its effect on wildlife in the Wildlife Management Area. One-third of local people interviewed were immigrants to the area. Population growth appeared to be unrelated to the protected area; instead an increasing proportion of immigrants cited readily available land as their reason for moving. Pastoralism was associated with fewer signs of large grazing mammals and elephants Loxodonta africana and agriculture was associated with fewer signs of elephant and buffalo Syncerus caffer but more signs of other ungulates. Few residents were aware of the Wildlife Management Area and few received any benefits from wildlife and therefore had little reason to conserve it. This situation is attributable to poor management of the Wildlife Management Area. Detrimental effects of human activity could spread to the Selous Game Reserve if population growth continues. However, natural resources could benefit residents if properly managed. Interactions between human demographics and protected areas are complex and may be best managed on a case-by-case basis.
Natural Occurrence of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Associated with Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Ecosystem in India

Random survey for naturally occurring entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) from ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) ecosystem were undertaken from different agro-climatic regions in India. Two hundred and two soil samples were collected from different locations of districts Kozhikode, Wayanad, Kottayam, Idukki (Kerala), Kodagu (Karnataka), Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), Kolasib (Mizoram), Faizabad (Uttar Pradesh) and Barapani (Meghalaya) for determination of EPN population. Out of 202 soil samples baited out, eight samples were found to be positive to EPNs. Among these strains, three EPNs were from Kozhikode district, three from Idukki district and one each from Wayanad and Faizabad districts. Out of the eight EPNs isolated, three species belong to genus Steinernema; one to Heterorhabditis and four to Oscheius. These EPNs have been identified on the basis of morphometric and morphological characterization. Four hundred and twenty four pseudostems of ginger infested with shoot borer (Conogethes punctiferalis) larvae were collected from the different localities of Kozhikode, Wayanad and Kodagu districts and 112 larvae were found dead. Among dead larvae, only one EPN, namely Oscheius sp. was recorded from the shoot borer larvae. Our survey revealed that, Oscheius spp. and Steinernema spp. widely occur and S. ramanai and O. gingeri reported as news species from the rhizosphere of ginger. These EPNs have great potential for biological control of insect pests of ginger.
Effects of nematode parasitism on mycophagous drosophilid species in northern Japan

Mycophagous drosophilids and their nematode parasites were studied in an intensive census conducted throughout the active season over four years (2000–2003) in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Using census data, I assessed the prevalence of nematode parasitism through seasons, determined its effects on drosophilid female fertility and tested the “disproportionate parasitism hypothesis” to evaluate its effects on drosophilid community structure. Over the four‐year census, a total of 43 fungal species were found on the census route and 18 177 adult drosophilid flies were collected. The yearly parasitism rate on the total drosophilid community varied from 6.2% in 2000 to 5.1% in 2001 and 3.0% in 2002 and 2003. There was strong seasonal variation in the prevalence of parasitism. In addition, parasitism rates varied among drosophilid species. All parasitized females carried only small numbers of eggs. Thus, nematode parasitism had a strong deleterious effect on the fitness of infected flies. The relative abundance of drosophilid species and parasitism rate were not significantly correlated. Thus, the disproportionate parasitism hypothesis likely does not apply to the mycophagous drosophilid community in Japan.
Latitudinal diversity patterns in estuarine tidal flats: indications of a global cline

Latitudinal diversity gradients are a general feature of the terrestrial realm. Fewer studies have addressed marine habitats and those concerning soft sediments have not reported such consistent trends. This study investigates global patterns of macroinvertebrate α-diversity in estuarine tidal flats. A literature search was conducted to collect data on species diversity as well as various physical, chemical and biological factors that may prove useful in investigating the cause of trends. Regression analysis revealed a significant association between latitude and diversity expressed as Simpson's index of concentration (r 2 = 0.44), the index being lower (i.e. diversity higher) at low latitudes. There was no significant association between diversity and either available estuary area or annual rainfall. A significant, although weak, relationship between diversity and mean annual temperature was apparent (r 2 = 0.23), together with an increase in species to family ratio in the hottest areas. This could suggest greater evolutionary speed in the tropics (due to temperature increasing mutation rates and generation times) and may provide an explanation for the trend. However, a greater amount of variation is explained by latitude alone and it is suggested that a primary cause of the latitudinal dine in estuarine diversity may be the greater effective evolutionary time available for communities in the tropics, temperate estuaries being regularly disturbed by glaciation during the last 1.8 million years.
Composition des 3 types de foie gras : oie, canard mulard et canard de Barbarie

Les foie lipides significativement élevées chez les canards de Barbarie (62,6%) et mulards (60,5%) comparés à l’oie (54,6%), la proportion des autres constituants (eau, protéines et cendres) varie en sens inverse. Les triglycérides constituent la plus grande partie des lipides du foie gras : 95,7% et 94,4% chez les canards de Barbarie et mulard, contre 92,2% chez l’oie. À l’inverse, les teneurs en phospholipides et cholestérol sont plus élevées mule and muscovy ducks. The lipids contents were significantly (P < 0.00 i) higher in duck foie gras (62.6% in muscovy and 60.5% in mule ducks vs 54.6% in geese), while, as reported in table II, water, protein and ash contents were lower. Triglycerides were the major component of lipids: 95.7% in muscovy and 94.4% in mule ducks vs 92.2% in geese (significant difference, P < 0.001). ). Phospholipids and cholesterol were naturally changed in the opposite direction being higher in geese: respectively 3.2 and 3.5% vs 1.5 and i.7% in muscovy ducks. Fatty-acid analysis was carried out both in fatty livers and in adipose tissues. The percentages of saturated fatty acids were always found to be higher in livers than in adipose tissues, while those of linoleic acid were considerably reduced in livers: 1.2% in ducks, 0.8% in geese vs 8 to 11 % in adipose tissues. The technological quality of foie gras was estimated by fat release after heating at 105°C for 50 min. On average, the livers of muscovy ducks, hybrid ducks and geese lost respectively 56, 41 and 14 % of their weight. Figure 2 shows that individual values depended on the liver weight only in the case of geese and hybrid ducks; in muscovy ducks every liver released the same maximum fat percentage (very poor quality) whatever its weight. These important technological quality variations could be related to liver composition and more precisely to the balance between fat and other components (phospholipids or proteins). ).
A molecular approach to the phylogenetic relationships of the western palaearctic Helicoidea (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)

Molecular phylogenetic relationships among 45 members of the Helicoidea (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora) were examined using partial mitochondrial 16S rRNA sequences. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. The reconstructed phylogenies showed a good degree of support for more recent branches, but gave little support to deeper nodes. Mitochondrial rDNA data further confirmed monophyletic status of helicids, recognized monachine hygromiid and bradybaenid clades and resolved a number of relationships in the helicelline hygromiids. With the respect to the latter assemblage, most of the anatomically based groups are confirmed, corroborating the diagnostic value of the dart-sac complex and a close affinity between Ichnusomunda sacchii and species of the genus Cernuella. Nevertheless, some well resolved branches challenge previous systematic arrangements, grouping species previously placed in different arrangements. In particular, support was not found for the monophyly of helicelline hygromiids with pedal penial innervation. Possible explanations for these incongruencies are suggested. 16S sequence data are appropriate for studies of relationships within the different species groups and less so for recovery of more ancient radiations in the Helicoidea. It will be valuable to combine the 16S data with other gene sequences to estimate basal relationships. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 85, 501–512.