Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ICASH-PT012 FACTORS AFFECTING THE COMPLIANCE AND UTILISATION OF ANTENATAL CARE (ANC) IN BOTH HIGH INCOME COUNTRIES AND LOW-MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: Every pregnancy has its own risk related to unwanted complication. ANC or antenatal care is a program to help the improvement of both pregnancy experience and ensure the health of a baby. ANC itself has been practiced since 100 years ago, a heritage process from the European community, which facilitates pregnant women during the pregnancy to have 12 visitations to nearby health facility. However, reasoning behind such intervention was unknown. As time goes by, many researches, evaluation, and review have been done regarding the content of visitations, amount of attendance each pregnant women need to do during pregnancy period, and further outcome of ANC program. This review is done to clarify ANC program throughout countries with high, middle and low income in the world and gather knowledge from such experience. Methods: Review was done by using databases such as PubMed, Springerlink, and proquest with keyword factors related to utilization of ANC as intervention and mother's compliance, years of publication and PRISMA method. Results : Out of all 33 articles obtained, 12 articles were chosen as other article did not comply to the selection criteria such as year of publication and the content. Variations among different countries in such studies occurred in factors such as the program itself, subject compliance towards the study, and the number of attendees. Furthermore, technologies such as instant messages and internet was also utilized in some programs. Among many factors related to the utilized and compliance of pregnant mother, each country policies, lifestyle, education level, and family incomes played a major role in such differentiation. Furthermore, perception of mother towards the program will also affect her motivation. Conclusion: Although the implementation of ANC in many countries still varies, there were many positive evidences to support the utilization of ANC. Surrounding communities could implement the program if it is suitable to the individuals. Monitoring and evaluation of such program also need to be done.
Bacteriocin Studies: Isolation And Characterization And Evaluation Of The Antimicrobial Activity Of Bacteriocin Isolated From Dairy Products.

: Bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria are considered as safe natural preservatives or bio preservatives and these are bioactive peptides or proteins with antimicrobial activity. In the present study, bacteriocins was isolated from different dairy products. Isolates were confirmed by morphological and biochemical procedures. The bacteriocins were subjected to different parameters including pH and temperature. Antibiotic test was performed for all the isolates using tetracycline, streptomycin, erythromycin and gentamycin. Bacteriocins, isolated from different dairy products, were confirmed by morphological and biochemical procedures. The bacteriocins were characterized using different parameters pH and temperature. Antibiotic test was done for all the isolates using tetracycline, streptomycin, erythromycin and gentamycin. The MRS media was used for the isolation of antimicrobial substance producing bacteria. All the isolates showed inhibition zone on the test bacteria, E, coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris to varying degree. Additionally, isolates showed susceptible as well intermediate response to antibiotics on sensitivity tests. Lactobacillus were most resistant to streptomycin than tetracycline, erythromycin and gentamycin respectively. Gentamycin was least resistant to all the isolates. The heat stability of the bacteriocin produced by the microbial isolates were also checked at different temperature treatments. It was observed that all the isolates gave almost same ZOI values against selected standard culture at all the temperature treatments. The results were in agreement with the fact that the higher the pH value, the higher the percentage of viability.
High Temperature Characterization and Analysis of Silicon Carbide (SiC) Power Semiconductor Transistors

This thesis provides insight into state-of-the-art 1.2 kV silicon carbide (SiC) power semiconductor transistors, including the MOSFET, BJT, SJT, and normally-on and normally-off JFETs. Both commercial and sample devices from the semiconductor industry’s well-known manufacturers were evaluated in this study. These manufacturers include: Cree Inc., ROHM Semiconductor, General Electric, Fairchild Semiconductor, GeneSiC Semiconductor, Infineon Technologies, and SemiSouth Laboratories. To carry out this work, static characterization of each device was performed from 25 oC to 200 oC. Dynamic characterization was also conducted through double-pulse tests. Accordingly, this thesis describes the experimental setup used and the different measurements conducted, which comprise: threshold voltage, transconductance, current gain, specific on-resistance, parasitic capacitances, internal gate resistance, and the turn on and turn off switching times and energies. For the latter, the driving method used for each device is described in detail. Furthermore, for the devices that require on-state dc currents, driving losses are taken into consideration. While all of the SiC transistors characterized in this thesis demonstrated low specific on-resistances, the SiC BJT showed the lowest, with Fairchild’s FSICBH057A120 SiC BJT having 3.6 mΩ•cm (using die area) at 25 oC. However, the on-resistance of GE’s SiC MOSFET proved to have the smallest
Histological and Chemical Alterations Produced in Mouse Epidermis by Soft X@Radiation*

cal alterations caused by soft x-radiation in the epidermis of mice, primarily because there was no method available prior to 194@ (@)for the separa tion of epidermis from the dermis. Furthermore, the methods for the chemical determination of cal cium, total lipids, iodine number of the latter, and the polarographic determination of a reducible substance in lipids have only been recently elabo rated by Carruthers, Suntzeff, and their associates (5â€”7). Finally, Chaoul's discovery of a contact technic for producing superficial skin lesions by utilizing comparatively soft x-rays, small focus-skin dis tance, and small irradiation fields has only been recently devised (8). This method made possible limitation of the effects of soft and constant x radiation to the more or less superficial areas of skin with minimum damage to deep-seated re gions (15). It is important to discover the nature of the chemical alterations due to x-ray, since it is de sirable to contrast the action of this physical agent with that of chemical agents like methylcho lanthrene. Such a study may well reveal some changes common to epidermal carcinogenesis pro duced by both a physical and chemical carcinogen and is therefore likely to be basic in nature. The opportunities to make this comparison were favorable, because essential cooperation on the physical side was available in the Mallinckrodt In stitute of Radiology and on the chemical side in the Division of Cancer Researchâ€”both at Wash ington University School of Medicine. '
Antifungal activities of crude extracts of some Nigerian chewing sticks

Preliminary screening of both methanol and aqueous extracts of the stem and root of Distemonanthus benthmianus , Treculia africana, Garcinia kola and Anogessus leiocarpus was carried out to test for antifungal activity. This was investigated using disc diffusion technique by measuring the zone of inhibition of the fungi after infusion with the plant extract. This produced definite antifungal activity against the dermatophytes used which were Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. Distemonanthus benthmianus and Anogessus. leiocarpus extracts exhibited antifungal activity at 0.97mg/ml concentration against Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus . There was significant difference (P˂0.05) in fungicidal activity in the methanolic and aqueous extracts. However, between the methanolic and aqueous extracts, there is no significant difference.
Variance estimation using list sequential scheme for unequal probability sampling

The problem of variance estimation is discussed in the light of the list sequential scheme proposed by Chao (1982), in which units are selected without replacement and with unequal probabilities. The variance is hard to estimate as it requires a large number of second-order inclusion probabilities. We prove that it is unnecessary to compute all these probabilities. We show that variance estimation needs only N numbers, where N is the population size.
ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY PATTERNS IN MEDICAL STUDENTS OF RMC

: Background: To determine the BMI, dietary pattern, and common health problems in relation to diet of the MBBS students of RMC. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the New Teaching Block of Rawalpindi Medical College, among a total of 200 students from the 3rd, 4th, and final years of MBBS, who filled out structured pro forma/questionnaires. Prior consent was taken from the respondents and their confidentiality was assured. The sampling technique used was non-probability convenient sampling, and SPSS version 21 was used for the statistical analysis. Results: In general, 41% of students took four servings of regular food in one day, while 49% took one serving of snacks in one day. More females took a mixed diet than males (68%), while more males had a meat-based diet (32). 71% students skipped a meal at least once a week, with 31% females skipping meals more than twice a week, and breakfast comprising 56% of all the meals skipped (more males skipping breakfast than females: males = 65%). 32% students had no milk intake at all. 46% students reported a decreased food intake due to stress. 44% students encountered GIT problems, with 12% having diarrhea more than twice a month. Conclusion: The results show that the majority of students were of normal BMI. Majority preferred homemade food and mixed diet. Some deficiencies in diet were observed, like a lack of milk intake, and source of food (hoteling), which were more common in males and boarders, and more associated with health problems.
Perspective on the Genesis of E-MORB from Chemical and Isotopic Heterogeneity at 9-10 degrees N East Pacific Rise

The discovery of chemically and isotopically enriched mid-ocean ridge basalts (E-MORB) has offered substantial insight into the origin, time scales, and length scales of mantle heterogeneity. However, the exact processes involved in producing this E-MORB enrichment are vigorously debated. Additionally, because the ages of E-MORB are not well constrained, the petrogenetic, temporal, and geological relationships between E-MORB and normal (N)-MORB are not known.To investigate these relationships and to explore how melting and melt transport processes contribute to or modify enriched mantle source compositions and generate E-MORB melts beneath mid-ocean ridges, we measured major and trace elements, and Sr, Nd, Hf, Pb, and U^Th^Ra isotopes for a suite of lavas that were collected off-axis, including several E-MORB, at 9^10 8 N along the East Pacific Rise (EPR). These data show coherent mixing trends among long-lived radiogenic isotopes, U-series nuclides, and incompatible trace elements, implying that mixing of melts from different sources occurs at different depths. Our results are consistent small proportions relative to the volumetrically and volcanically dominant N-MORB, E-MORB preservation and exposure is compara-tively scarce. 204 Pb, and 206 Pb/ 204 Pb have estimated internal precisions of 15–30ppm and external precisions of 150–200 ppm (2 s ). SRM 997 Tl was used as an internal standard, and measurements were then normalized to NBS 981 using the values of Todt et al . (1996). Pb blanks are 120–150 pg. Further details have been given by Hart et al . (2004) and Hart & Blusztajn (2006). All Hf isotopic analyses were conducted at ENS Lyon by MC-ICP-MS using the VG Plasma 54 (Blichert-Toft et al ., 1997). Measured isotope ratios were normalized for mass fractionation to 179 Hf/ 177 Hf ¼ 0 · 7325 using an exponential law. External analytical uncertainties of 5 (cid:6) 30ppm for Hf isotopic measurements were estimated from repeated runs of the JMC-475 Hf standard, which gave 0 · 282160 (cid:6) 0 · 000010 during the course of this study. In-run analytical errors were half that (i.e. 5 (cid:6) 0 · 000005). Hf blanks were 5 20pg. e Hf values were calculated using ( 179 Hf/ 177 Hf) CHUR(0) ¼ 0 · 282772 (Blichert-Toft & Albare`de, 1997). Nd isotopic compositions for axial and 9 8 50 0 N off-axis lavas, as well as Siqueiros lavas reported by Sims et al . (2002, 2003) were measured at UC Berkeley. However, in 1994– 1995, drift in the Nd isotopic measurements by the VG Sector 54 multi-collector mass spectrometer began occurring. This drift became apparent around 2003, and measurements made during that time span, including the Sims et al . (2002, 2003) data, were affected. We have applied the necessary corrections to these measurements, and the corrected values are reported in Electronic Appendix EA-2. Details of this shift have been documented by Bryce et al . (2005). As previously noted, Nd isotopic measurements for this study were conducted solely at WHOI and are unaffected by this drift.
The Total Collapse of the Twin Towers: What It Would Have Taken to Prevent It Once Collapse Was Initiated

: It is generally taken as a given that there is no reasonable design concept that could have prevented the collapse of the Twin Towers, once it was initiated, from progressing all the way down to the ground. This view is rooted in the idea that the force generated during the inevitable impact between what may be called the intact upper section (IUS) and the intact lower section (ILS) — meaning the building sections above and below the initially lost columns, respectively — will exceed by at least one order of magnitude the capacity of the latter. On closer inspection, this turns out to be only partially correct — it is correct with regard to the topmost floor plate of the ILS but not with regard to the columns below this floor plate. This paper shows that if the ILS in the Twin Towers had been topped by a stronger-than-ordinary floor plate allowing the columns below to respond properly, rather than be bypassed, these columns — and with them the ILS — would likely have survived. The paper subsequently proposes a building design concept consisting in the insertion of strengthened floor plates in intervals of 10 – 20 stories. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0003244. This work is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Rearrangement. III. Heavy and Light Chain Models for Antigen Receptor Gene

The extent of allelic exclusion in Ig genes is very high, although not absolute. Thus far, it has not been clearly established whether rapid selection of the developing B cell as soon as it has achieved the ﬁrst productively rearranged, functional heavy chain is the only mechanism responsible for allelic exclusion. Our computational models of Ag receptor gene rearrangement in B lymphocytes are hereby extended to calculate the expected fractions of heavy chain allelically included newly generated B cells as a function of the probability of heavy chain pairing with the surrogate light chain, and the probability that the cell would test this pairing immediately after the ﬁrst rearrangement. The expected fractions for most values of these probabilities signiﬁcantly exceed the levels of allelic inclusion in peripheral B cells, implying that in most cases productive rearrangement and subsequent cell surface expression of one allele of the heavy chain gene probably leads to prevention of rearrangement completion on the other allele, and that additional mechanisms, such as peripheral selection disfavoring cells with two productively rearranged heavy chain genes, may also play a role. Furthermore, we revisit light chain allelic exclusion by utilizing the ﬁrst (to our knowledge) computational model which addresses and enumerates B cells maturing with two productively rearranged (cid:1) light chain genes. We show that, assuming that there are no selection mechanisms responsible for abolishing cells expressing two light chains, the repertoire of newly generated B lymphocytes exiting the bone marrow must contain a signiﬁcant fraction of such (cid:1) double-productive B cells. The Journal of Immunology, 2003, 170: 182–193.
Matched Versus Mixed COVID-19 Vaccinations in Korean Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: An Observational Study

Background. Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are vulnerable to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and exhibit poor antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccines. Herein, we compared the humoral immunogenicity of a mixed vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 [ChAd]/BNT162b2 [BNT]) with that of conventional matched vaccines (mRNA, adenoviral vector [AdV-Vec]) in SOTRs. Methods. Serum samples were collected at Severance Hospital (Seoul, Korea) between September and October 2021 (14 d–5 mo after COVID-19 vaccination; V2). The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antispike IgG titer (BAU/mL; ELISA) and neutralization inhibition (percentage; neutralization assay) were compared between vaccination groups overall and stratified by V2 (poststudy vaccination visit) timing. Results. Of the 464 participants, 143 (31%) received mRNA vaccines, 170 (37%) received AdV-Vec vaccines, and 151 (33%) received mixed vaccines (all ChAd/BNT). The geometric mean titer for the ChAd/BNT group was 3.2-fold higher than that of the AdV-Vec group (geometric mean ratio, 3.2; confidence interval, 1.9-5.4) but lower than that of the mRNA group (geometric mean ratio, 0.4; confidence interval, 0.2-0.7). Neutralization inhibition in the ChAd/BNT group was 32%, which was higher than that in the AdV-Vec group (21%; P < 0.001) but lower than that in the mRNA group (55%; P = 0.02). There was no difference in geometric mean titer by V2 timing (ChAd/BNT, 45 versus 31, days 14–60; mRNA, 28 versus 15, days 61–150). Conclusions. The ChAd/BNT group showed higher humoral immunogenicity than the AdV-Vec group, with similar immunogenicity to the mRNA vaccine. Nevertheless, immunogenicity following the primary vaccination series was poor in all vaccine groups, supporting the justification for booster vaccination in SOTRs.
Instrumental and sensory analyses of fruit quality attributes of grafted grape tomato in high tunnel organic production systems.

BACKGROUND "Vegetative" and "generative" tomato rootstock types have been proposed based on their different effects on tomato scion growth performance; however, their impacts on fruit quality have not been characterized. In addition, no study has been conducted in which the effects of rootstock on grape tomato quality attributes were assessed using sensory evaluation and instrumental methods. Here, we conducted two experiments to examine the influence of 'DR0141TX', 'Estamino', and 'Multifort' rootstocks (vegetative, generative, and uncharacterized, respectively) on fruit quality properties of determinate and indeterminate grape tomato scions under organic production in high tunnels, including color, size, firmness, dry matter content, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), pH, and consumer sensory attributes. RESULTS In both experiments, grafting 'Sweet Hearts' indeterminate grape tomato onto 'DR0141TX', 'Estamino', or 'Multifort' increased fruit size and led to negligible effects on sensory attributes and instrumental measurements of fruit quality attributes. For 'BHN 1022' determinate grape tomato, rootstocks did not exhibit any major impact on fruit quality attributes in Experiment 1. However, fruit quality was compromised by grafting per se and rootstocks, especially 'Multifort', in Experiment 2, as reflected by reduced SSC, TA, and SSC/TA and lower scores of overall appearance, overall acceptability, tomato flavor, overall texture, and sweetness. CONCLUSION In general, "vegetative" and "generative" rootstocks showed comparable effects on sensory evaluations and instrumental measurements of grape tomato quality attributes for both indeterminate and determinate scions. More research is needed to better characterize rootstock effects on fruit quality including the flavor-related compounds under different growing conditions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Altered alpha/beta desynchronization during item–context binding contributes to the associative deficit in older age

Abstract It is proposed that older adults have difficulties to bind item and context and to recruit deep, elaborative processing during encoding. Senescent changes in the oscillatory foundations of these processes are currently unclear. We recorded electroencephalography during item–context memory formation in younger (n = 57) and older (n = 55) adults. At test, we assessed memory for the items and the item–context pairs and examined encoding-related activity based on how much information was recovered at retrieval (miss < item–only < pair). Item memory was comparable between age groups while pair memory was reduced in the older adults. Theta synchronization and alpha/beta desynchronization increased linearly with the amount of information available. Single-trial theta power could not predict subsequent item memory, but predicted pair memory in an age-invariant manner, in line with a mechanism supporting associative memory. In contrast, single-trial alpha/beta power predicted both item and pair memory, in line with a mechanism reflecting the depth of information processing, and predicted pair memory less well in the older than the younger adults. Thus, theta and alpha/beta oscillations contribute differently in shaping the contents of memories and reduced processing capacity contributes to episodic memory decline in older age.
Sluggish cognitive tempo: Association with neuropsychological test scores, motor incoordination, and dysgraphia in elementary school children

Research on the relationship between sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) and scores on neuropsychological tests (such as those measuring processing speed and reaction time) is inconclusive, and the association between SCT and motor incoordination and dysgraphia has not been objectively investigated. Mothers of 413 elementary school children (6–12 years of age) rated their children on the Pediatric Behavior Scale (PBS), which yields psychological problem scores, including SCT. Children were administered an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests assessing processing and performance speed, working memory, immediate and delayed recall, sustained attention, response inhibition, cognitive flexibility, fine motor manipulative skill, verbal fluency and retrieval, set shifting, and interference control, as well as intelligence and reading and math achievement. Only three of the 19 correlations between SCT and neuropsychological scores were significant, and all involved graphomotor tests (two timed and one untimed). In regression analysis, the strongest independent predictor of SCT was the maternal PBS incoordination factor score, followed by ratings of autism, inattention, and depression. Neuropsychological test scores did not contribute significantly more to predicting SCT. Among the incoordination PBS factor items, clumsy and draws or writes poorly were significant SCT predictors. Our novel and unexpected findings showed that motor incoordination was a stronger correlate of SCT than other variables assessed in our study, including those previously linked with SCT. Future SCT research needs to include measures of incoordination and dysgraphia in order to replicate and expand upon the current findings. Our results suggest that SCT traits are not reliably measured by currently available neuropsychological tests.