Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Use of Google Classroom during Pandemic

Educational systems worldwide has been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic , leading to the near-total closures of schools, and colleges. Most governments around the world have temporarily closed educational institutions in order to restrain the spread of Covid-19. This requires all elements of education to adapt and to continue the teaching learning process. The Indonesia Government assigns the distance learning sistem using online learning. This is effective solution to activate classroom eventhough school have been closed to reduce the spread of covid-19. Many platforms of digital sources have been implemented by school, one of them is using Google Classroom. This research aims to get review of using Google Classroom during this pandemic. This study was library research that describe the phenemenon of using Google Classroom. The result of the research finding prove that it is effective to use this platform. It is one way to be considered by the schools and teachers to provide students by e learning that can be attracted for the students, while the process of teacher learning move to virtual classes.
Ethical Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior: The Mediating Role of Individual Attributes

Based on the social exchange theory, the aim of this study is to investigate the direct and indirect influence of ethical leadership on employee innovative work behavior, examining the intervening role of individual variables such as thriving at work and attitudes towards performing well in this relationship. The data was collected using self-reporting survey questionnaires by using a multi-source and cross-sectional study design with service sector employees from two different samples: the U.K. and Pakistan. The findings supported the hypothesized model, where direct and dual mediation were tested. The results extend our understanding as to how positive attitude and psychological states together create positive feelings in employees and enhance their capacity for creative thinking and implementations of new ideas.
The impact of Fundamental Factors on Stock Return of Engineering and Construction Services Companies

Article Info Abstract This research was conducted to analyze the impact of selected fundamental factors on stock returns of Engineering and Construction Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) using a quantitative approach. The research population includes all Engineering and Construction Companies listed on the IDX but 10 were selected as cross-section samples using a simple random sampling technique with criteria include being listed on the IDX and having time-series financial report data for 2015Q1 2019Q2 period. Data were retrieved from the companies’ audited financial statements and the independent variable which is stock return was determined using Panel Data and analyzed with Multiple Regressions. Meanwhile, the model specification test was produced using the Fixed Effect Model as the fit model. Findings. The results showed several fundamental factors of CR, NPM, PBV, EPS, and ROE partially has a significant positive effect on stock returns while DER has a significant negative effect and PER has a slightly positive influence. These findings are expected to contribute positively to the development of theories concerning the financial performance of stock returns. Moreover, the managerial implication of this research is that investors can use fundamentals analysis with a focus on CR, DER, EPS, NPM, PBV, PER, and ROE as the basis for decision making due to their influence on Stock Return.
Padrão de revoadas de cupins (Isoptera) em duas áreas de cerrado no Brasil Central

v Resumo . vi Agradecimentos. vii Introdução. 1 Objetivos. 7 Material e métodos. 8 Resultados. 12 Discussão. 14 Referências Bibliográficas. 22
MULTIPLICATION OF Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench BY USING TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUE

This study was conducted in the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Horticulture Research Institute in April 2009 to determine the best concentration of Thidiazorone (TDZ) hormone to be used in the media on which explants of Echinacea purpurea are cultured during the multiplication stage. Coated and de-coated seeds were sterilized using commercial sodium hypochlorite or hydrogen peroxide, germinated in vitro under darkness or light conditions. The resulting seedlings were used as a source for sterilized explants and used in callus induction. Different kinds of explants (leaves, stems and roots) were cultured on MS media supplemented with different concentrations of TDZ (0,0.1,0.5,1,2, 3,4 and 5 mg/L). After 45 days, the callus resulting from each of the TDZ treatments were either subcultured on of MS hormone -free medium or Ms medium with the same TDZ concentrations used during callus induction. The present results showed that the highest percentage of seed germination was 38.89% obtained when coated seeds were sterilized with H2O2 and incubated in light. Leaf explants were the most responding to callus initiation medium and the highest fresh weight value resulted from applying 2 mg/L TDZ, followed by stem explants at 1mg/L. The highest number of shoots (3 shoots / leaf explant) was obtained from leaf explants when subcultured on the media containing the same concentration of hormone (1 mg/L TDZ).
Effect of Using Cuminum cyminum L, Citric Acid and Sodium Sulphate for Improving the Utilization of Low Protein Low Energy Broiler Diets

Three hundred one day-old of unsexed Cobb broiler chicks were used in present study to examine the ability of Cuminum cyminum L (CC), Citric Acid (CA) or Sodium Sulphate (SS) either alone or in combination to increase nitrogen retention and utilization of the Low Protein Low Energy Diet (LPLE), containing 4% lower protein and 200 kcal/kg lower energy than control diets. At 42 days of age, LPLE diets decreased weight gain and degrade feed conversion by 23.24% and 19.47%, respectively compared to control diet. Besides, LPLE diet decreased daily nitrogen excretion by 25.92% compared to control diet. Supplementing LPLE diet with CC, CA and SS together improved weight gain, feed conversion and nitrogen retention percentage by 7.21, 6.16 and 16.69%, respectively. Compared to control diet, the combination of such feed additives succeeded in reducing daily nitrogen excretion by 64.81%. It can be conclude that the three additives used in present study work in synergy under low protein and low energy conditions. Further studies are needed to determine the optimum level of these additives mixture with different levels of protein and energy.
Effect of hydrothermal modifications on the functional, pasting and morphological properties of South African cooking banana and plantain

ABSTRACT The effects of annealing and heat-moisture treatment (HMT) on the properties of South African cooking banana (Musa sapietum) starch (CBS) and plantain (Musa paradisiaca) starch (PS) were compared. CBS generally had significantly (p < 0.05) higher swelling power, solubility and water absorption capacity. While both methods of modification employed enhanced the oil absorption capacity of CBS (101.33–124.00%), they led to its decrease in PS (118.33–103.33%). Alkaline water retention increased with modifications in PS (1.04–1.20 g/g) and decreased in CBS (1.47–1.36 g/g). The modifications improved the gelation capacity of the starches. There were marked differences in the pasting properties of cooking banana and plantain starches. Micrographs showed irregular shaped ovoid and spheroid granules for the starches. HMT changed the diffraction patterns of both starches from B-type to C-type. Enhancement of the properties of CBS with hydrothermal modifications shown in this work exposed its potential as a latent valuable ingredient in food processing.
Disturbance intensity, disturbance extent and ocean climate modulate kelp forest understory communities

Disturbances often control community structure by removing large dominant species, allowing new species to colonize. Disturbances vary in intensity and extent, and their effects on resident communities can depend on local environmental conditions. We tested the effects of disturbance intensity and extent on different functional groups of understory species in kelp forests at 4 locations along an ocean climate gradient in Western Australia. We hypothesized that, compared to intact canopies, increasing disturbance intensities (50 and 100% of kelp removal) and extents (2, 4 and 8 m diameter) would promote light-dependent competitors (turf, foliose, articulated coralline and fucoid seaweeds) at the expense of less light-dependent functional groups (invertebrates and encrusting seaweeds). We also hypothesized that these effects would be most pronounced at warmer relative to cooler locations, where metabolic and ecological rates are faster. The first hypothesis was supported; light-dependent understory groups (turfs, in particular) increased, while less light-dependent groups (crusts in particular) decreased with increasing disturbance regimes. However, the second hypothesis was not supported; even though understory communities differed between locations and turf covers were highest at the warmest location, we found no significant interactions between locations and disturbance regimes. Importantly, our results revealed that even small-scale partial canopy loss can have significant effects on kelpassociated communities. The implied community-wide, density-dependent effects have implications for the management and conservation of kelp forests, because restoration of ecological functions must also consider the density of kelp forests, not simply their presence or absence.
The Effect of Ethanol Administration on Drug Oxidations and Possible Mechanism of Ethanol-Barbiturate Interactions

Chronic administration of ethanol to rats has no effect on the plasma half life of pentobarbitone, which indicates that ethanol does not induce the microsomal enzyme system and that the latter is therefore not identical with the 'microsomal ethanol oxidizing system'. The microsomal oxidation of ethanol observed in vitro is probably the result of metabolism of ethanol by contaminating alcohol dehydrogenase and by catalase peroxidation. Chronic administration of ethanol to rats leads to stimulation of the activity of the hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in vitro which is not paralleled by any corresponding increase in the concentration of cytochrome P-450, the terminal enzyme in the microsomal mono oxygenase system. However, no changes were seen in hexobarbital sleeping time or zoxazolamine paralysis time, confirming that ethanol pretreatment does not lead to any significant stimulation of the hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes in vivo. The observed inhibition of barbiturate metabolism after simultaneous administration of large amounts of ethanol may be attributed to nonspecific interaction with the active site of the microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes. Ethanol has also been shown to potentiate the enzyme induction effect of phenobarbitone in vitro in respect of cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5. The effect was even more pronounced in vivo when none of the animals pretreated with both phenobarbitone and ethanol exhibited zoxazolamine paralysis and only one third of these animals exhibited narcosis after hexobarbitone administration. The lipophilic character of ethanol allows it to penetrate the lipid environment of the endoplasmic reticulum and to interact with cytochrome P-450 giving a type II substrate interaction spectrum, although it is not metabolized by the microsomal mono oxygenase system. The molar concentration of ethanol required to give a type II spectrum is much higher than that required for aniline suggesting that the interaction of ethanol with cytochrome P-450 is a non specific interaction with the lipophilic phase of the microsomal membrane adjacent to the haemoprotein. Ethanol may therefore act as an activator of the microsomal mono oxygenase enzyme system either by modification of the membrane environment, by allosteric effects, or by displacement of other endogenous or exogenous substrates already bound to the enzymic sites. The potentiation of phenobarbitone induction of this enzyme system may be the result of stabilization of the substrate enzyme complex, as it has been suggested that induction of the microsomal enzymes is a function of the stability of the enzyme substrate complex.
Euglossa marianae sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Apidae): a new orchid bee from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and the possible first documented local extinction of a forest-dependent orchid bee

The orchid bee faunas of Floresta Nacional do Rio Preto, Reserva Biologica Corrego Grande, and Reserva Biologica Corrego do Veado, in the northernmost portion of the state of Espirito Santo, southeastern Brazil, were surveyed for orchid bees for the first time. A total of 1,603 males belonging to 24 species were attracted to 16 different scent baits and actively collected with insect nets during 100 hours from December, 2009, to February, 2010. One species of Euglossa, known as strongly dependent on well preserved mature forests, once recorded at the region, was not found in this survey and may indicate the first documented local extinction of an orchid bee species. This species, which Atlantic Forest population has been treated as Euglossa analis Westwood, 1840, is here considered a new species, Euglossa marianae sp. n.
Validating body condition indices as indicators of individual quality: Does condition explain intraspecific variation in reproductive success and survival among crimson finches (Neochmia phaeton)?

Body condition is expected to reflect individual quality because high quality individuals should be better at acquiring and using resources, resulting in higher fitness. However, the hypothesis that condition indices are meaningful indicators of individual quality has been questioned. I monitored a population of crimson finches (Neochmia phaeton) for reproductive success and survival over four breeding seasons. My study population is well suited for this research because individuals forage in common areas and do not hold territories such that variation in condition between individuals is not confounded by differences in habitat quality. Because little is known about crimson finches in the wild, I first describe their breeding biology and life-history traits (Chapter I). Next, I sampled them for commonly used condition indices including mass adjusted for body size, muscle and fat scores, packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, total plasma protein, and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio. I describe the variation in these indices and find that many vary by sex and breeding stage, and to a lesser extent by year, age and time of day, concluding that these covariates need to be controlled for when examining intraspecific variation in condition (Chapter II). If condition indices reflect inherent individual
Safe technological trend towards the production of bioethanol from algal biomass grown on rice straw

As a result of rapid growth in the population and manufacturing, the demand for ethanol is increasing continuously in worldwide. Because, biofuels produced from first and second-generation became unable to meet the international demand of bioethanol because of their needed value for food and feed. So, algae are among the most important sources of potential biofuels in the future of renewable energy because of accumulating high cellulose and also algae are distributed widely in the natural environment. This paper shows the ability of algae for bioethanol production, by pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation of algal biomass. Two types of algae, Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis were cultured under pre-treated rice straw with advantages as crop residues, a low-cost and carbon-rich source for algal cultivation. The chemical hydrolysates of rice straw (RS) were used for heterotrophic cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis for bioethanol production. Algal biomasses of the two microalgae were treated chemically with 4% H2SO4 at 121°C in autoclave for 90 min, followed by biological treatment with Bacillus subtilis for 72 hours at 30°C and pH 4.5 to increase the reducing sugars production. The fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 72 hours and distillation of Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis solutions were resulted in ethanol productivity of 8.7% and 2.5 % respectively after 24 hours at 30°C and pH 4.5.
Molecular Screening of β-glucuronidase and Class 1 Integron of Escherichia coli from Ready-to-Eat Foods in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu

Ready-to-eat food products procured from different roadside shops in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu were screened for Escherichia coli. A total of 500 samples from 250 vegetable and 250 meat products were collected from different hotels, restaurants and street food vendors in Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu. Out of 500 ready-to-eat food samples, 162 (32.4%) E. coli strains were isolated. the ready-to-eat meat products had higher bacterial count than the vegetable food samples collected due to unhygienic handling, improper storage, inadequate temperature to maintain processed meat and improper cooking. Biochemically identified E. coli colonies were screened for housekeeping gene uidA and 139 (85.8%) E. coli isolates were confirmed to possess β-glucuronidase activity. In addition, antibiotic susceptibility assay was performed using 12 antibiotics. From 139 E. coli strains, 96 (69.1%) isolates showed multidrug resistance. Among them, 16.7% showed 100% resistance to all the antibiotics tested. Whereas, multidrug resistant E. coli isolates showed increased resistance (75.9%) to streptomycin followed by 70-50% level of resistance to ceftriaxone, ampicillin, cefixime, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, gentamicin, doxycycline, co-trimoxazole, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and chloramphenicol. Furthermore, drug resistant E. coli isolates 56 (58.3%) were detected with the presence of intI1. the source of contamination was found to be water and human handling. Drinking water supply from corporation might have been contaminated with fecal waste source is being discharged into Cauvery river which might disseminate horizontal gene transfer.
Continuous poliglecaprone suture versus bidirectional barded suture for urethrovesical anastomosis during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a single-institute retrospective analysis of Chinese patients.

Background To compare the outcomes of bidirectional barbed suture and continuous poliglecaprone suture for urethrovesical anastomosis (UVA) during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP). Methods Single-needle poliglecaprone suture was used for UVA in Group 1 (n=27), and double-needle bidirectional barbed suture was used for UVA (n=27) in Group 2. Age, body mass index (BMI), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, prostate volume, operative time, anastomosis time, estimated blood loss, Gleason score, number of hospitalization days, and urinary continence at postoperative month 1, 3, 6, and 12 were analyzed statistically. Results There were no significant differences in age, BMI, prostate volume, PSA level, Gleason score, and indwelling catheter time between the two groups. However, bidirectional barbed suture was associated with a significantly shorter anastomosis time (P=0.007), operation time (P=0.008) and hospitalization duration (P<0.001), and a significantly lower blood loss volume (P=0.005). At the first-month follow-up, urinary continence was achieved in 5 (19%) and 15 (56%) patients in Group 1 and 2, respectively (P=0.005); postoperative third month: 11 (41%) and 23 (85%) patients in Group 1 and 2 respectively (P=0.001); postoperative sixth month: 21 (78%) and 25 (93%) patients in Group 1 and 2 respectively (P=0.250); postoperative first year: 25 (93%) and 27 (100%) patients in Group 1 and 2 respectively (P=0.471). Multivariate regression analysis showed that anastomosis time (HR =0.636; P<0.001) was an independent predictor of postoperative continence. Conclusions The current findings show that bidirectional barbed suture for UVA during LRP can shorten UVA time and provide better outcomes in terms of early urinary continence recovery.
DETERMINANTS OF DIET AND FLUID ADHERENCE AMONG END STAGE RENAL DISEASE PATIENTS UNDERGOING HAEMODIALYSIS AT MOI TEACHING AND REFERRAL HOSPITAL, UASIN GISHU COUNTY, KENYA

Purpose: This study was conducted to establish determinants of diet and fluid adherence among ERSD patients undergoing hemodialysis at Moi Teaching and Referral HospitalUasingishu county. Kenya. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was applied. Using Fisher’s formula, a sample size of 145 participants were conveniently recruited. Data collection was done by use of modified end stage renal disease adherence questionnaire (ESRD-AQ). Chi-square (χ2) was used to test statistical significance. Frequency tables and bar graphs were used for data presentation. SPSS version 22.0 was used for data analysis. Results: The study revealed that knowledge on nutritional requirements for renal patients was marginally associated with dietary and fluid intake with a higher proportion of those with low nutritional knowledge (83.6%) adhering to diet and a relatively smaller proportion in the same category (58.9%) complying with fluid intake. A significant relationship with dietary adherence was observed where participants practiced fluid restrictions (p=0.003) and the frequency in which health staff talk about the importance of following proper diet (p <0.0001). On social support domain, a significant association was observed in patients who agreed that various social support aspects help improve depression, self-esteem, selfmanagement, etc. and who adhered to diet scored a significantly higher mean of 5.6 (95% CI = 5.5 – 5.6) in contrast to non-adherent counterparts who had a mean of 5.5 (p = 0.0006). Among the economic factors with significant association with diet adherence were; use of bus for transport (p=0.02); income of less than KSH. 30,000 (p=0.006); treatment cost (p=0.007) and ability to access material support that helps in adherence (p=0.003). Those who claimed that lack of transport was the main reason for missing dialysis practiced fluid adherence (p=0.01) with a smaller proportion (44%) adhering to fluid restriction in comparison to 70.8% who had transport and were nonadherent. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study findings are unique to the study site and it’s hoped that it can be used to inform hospital policy makers in addressing adherence challenges in ESRD patients on hemodialysis. The study recommends a holistic study on determinants of adherence to hemodialysis, medication use, dietary, and fluid compliance among patients undergoing HD at MTRH should be conducted in order to produce generalized results.