Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Exploration of the Informal Credit Practices for Agriculture in Afghanistan: Reasons for Availing Informal and not Availing Formal Credit

Access to finance is a prerequisite for agriculture development. However, the coverage of formal credit to agriculture is shallow in Afghanistan. Most of the cash-starved farmers rely on informal credit sources for obtaining inputs and consumption smoothening. This paper aims to explore and assess the various types of informal credit for agriculture in Afghanistan, the reasons for availing informal and not availing formal credit, and the challenges faced in the acquisition of informal credit. Data has been collected from a sample of 99 informal credit users from Behsood, Balkh, and Paghman districts in Afghanistan. Descriptive statistics were used for summarizing and comparison. To assess the reasons for availing informal credit and not availing formal credit, the Garrett ranking technique was worked out. The results revealed that the informal credit has two features, the cost-free credit, which was availed based on relations and mutual help, called Qarzi Hassana, and the credit in which the lenders sought profit, which had four types, Peshaki, Musawamah credit, Grawee, and Sudh. Easy availability was the main reason for availing informal credit. The religious constraints and lack of information were the main reasons for not availing formal credit. Furthermore, the limited amount of cash and short repayment period were the main problems in informal credit acquisition. Moreover, the farmers sensed dependency and inferiority for being informal credit users. There is a need for increasing financial awareness. Peshaki and Musawamah credit should be controlled and should be included as a financial product by the formal financial institutions. Furthermore, credit should be extended to the farmers in a sufficient amount and for a convenient repayment period.
Tumor Lysis Syndrome with Recurrence in a Patient with Multiple Myeloma Following Bortezomib Therapy-A Case Report

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life-threatening complication most commonly observed in highly proliferative hematologic malignancies. The rapid release of intracellular contents causes hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, and secondary hypocalcemia. The constellation of metabolic abnormalities can manifest clinically as renal insufficiency, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, and death due to multi-organ failure. Traditionally, TLS is rarely observed in relatively indolent malignancies such as multiple myeloma. However, its frequency may be increasing with the advent of more effective and targeted therapies such as bortezomib. We herein report a 62-year-old man with IgA kappa light chain multiple myeloma who developed two episodes of TLS ten days apart following a single cycle of bortezomib therapy.
A Decade of GPS in SE Asia: Resolving Sundaland Motion and Boundaries

A unique GPS velocity field that spans the entire SE Asia region is presented. It is based on 10 years (1994-2004) of GPS data at more than 100 sites in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar, the Philippines and Vietnam. The majority of the horizontal velocity vectors have a demonstrated global accuracy of 1 mm/yr (at 95% confidence level). The results have been used to (better) characterize the Sundaland block boundaries and to derive a new geokinematic model for the region. The rotation pole of the undeformed core of the Sundaland block is located at 49.0 S -94.2 E, with a clockwise rotation rate of 0.34/Myr. With respect to both geodetically and geophysically defined Eurasia plate models, Sundaland moves eastwards at a velocity of 6 1 to 10 1 mm/yr from south to north, respectively. Contrary to previous studies, Sundaland is shown to move independently with respect to South China, the eastern part of Java, the island of Sulawesi and the northern tip of Borneo. The Red River fault in South China and Vietnam is still active and accommodates a strike-slip motion of 2 mm/yr. Although Sundaland internal deformation is general very small (less than 7 nanostrain/yr), important accumulation of elastic deformation occurs along its boundaries with fast-moving neighboring plates. In particular in northern Sumatra and Malaysia, inland-pointing trench-perpendicular residual velocities were detected prior to the mega-thrust earthquake of December 26th 2004. Earlier studies in Sumatra already showed this, but underestimated the extent of the deformation zone, which reaches more than 600 km away from the trench. This study shows that only a regional SE Asia network spanning thousands of kilometers can provide a reference frame solid enough to analyze intraand interplate deformation in detail.
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE MONOCROTOPHOS (ORGANOPHOSPHATE), ON THE GONADAL DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE FRESHWATER MURREL, CHANNA PUNCTATUS (BLOCH)

The effects of pesticide monocrotophos (organophosphate), on the ovaries of freshwater murrel, Channa punctatus were studied. Exposures for 15 and 45 days with histological preparations at 1 ml L, and 2 ml L sublethal concentrations along with control were examined. Pre spawned 10 fish (47.85±0.75gm; 17.80 ± 0.50cm) were randomly stocked in 50 L aquarium in triplicate groups for each treatment levels. The effects of monocrotophs were analysed after 15 and 45 days of exposure, respectively. The control contained an abundance of the different stages of oocytes (Oocytes I, II, III, and IV) and had an intact ovigerous lamellae and follicular lining. The control also contained a thick and complete ovarian wall with evident previtelline and euvitelline nucleoli. After 15 days of exposure the gonado somatic index (GSI) significantly (P<0.05) decreased in the two exposure concentration, where the maximum decrease in both GSI and ovary was observed at higher concentration i.e. 2 ml L compared with control. Decreased vitellogenesis and oocyte atresia was also observed at higher concentration. While after 45 days of exposure a significant (P<0.05) increase in oocyte atresia and decreased vitellogenises was recorded with clear indication of vacuolization and tissue necrosis. On the basis of the above finding it is concluded that widely used organophosphate monocrotophos in agriculture has produced significant toxic effects on gonodal development of Channa punctatus.
Quality in professional encounters with students who have intellectual disabilities – experiences from special needs upper secondary schools in Sweden

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to analyse how professionals in special needs upper secondary schools in Sweden – assistants, teachers and Special Education Needs Coordinators – understand and define quality in their daily interactions with students who have intellectual disabilities. Our analysis draws on data collected via a digital questionnaire, including both open-ended and standardised (Likert scale) questions. In this study, written excerpts from open-ended questions comprised the primary empirical data used in the analysis. 129 respondents provided a total of 289 statements concerning their views on quality in professional encounters. In order to explore the semantic content of the written excerpts, the empirical data were analysed using thematic content analysis. Our findings show that perceptions of quality can be categorised differentiated into three typological themes or aspects: individual, relational and contextual. Our findings also show that differences in responses – both frequency and content – appear to be associated with the respondents’ professional affiliation. Based on these findings, the article suggests the need for an established and shared theoretical basis – in education and practice – of what constitutes quality in professional encounters with students who have intellectual disabilities.
EINS: Long Short-Term Memory with Extrapolated Input Network Simplification

This paper contrasts the two canonical recurrent neural networks (RNNs) of long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) to propose our novel light-weight RNN of extrapolated input for network simpliﬁcation (EINS). We treat LSTMs and GRUs as differential equations, and our analysis highlights several auxiliary components in the standard LSTM design that are secondary in importance. Guided by these insights, we present a design that abandons the LSTM redundancies, thereby introducing EINS. We test EINS against the LSTM over a carefully chosen range of tasks from language modelling and medical data imputation-prediction through a sentence-level variational autoencoder and image generation to learning to learn to optimise another neural network. Despite having both a simpler design and fewer parameters, this simpliﬁcation either performs comparably, or better, than the LSTM in each task.
Will a Shrink Make you Richer

This paper provides a (cid:133)rst theoretical and empirical analysis of the e⁄ects of psychotherapy on individual productivity. We build a simple model in which a deterioration of mental health endogenously causes a decrease in productivity, which is counterbalanced by psychotherapy. We test our hypotheses on the British Household Panel Survey data. We (cid:133)nd that individuals su⁄ering from mental health problems bene(cid:133)t economically from consulting a psychotherapist. Moreover, we (cid:133)nd that the returns are higher for men than for women, even though women are more likely to seek help.
TPM Vol

People’s identities are based primarily on characteristics that distinguish them from other people. However, some people’s identities are influenced by their beliefs about their connections with humanity and the world, connections that emphasize similarity or sameness rather than difference. This article examines the implications of possessing such a hypo-egoic identity, focusing on four constructs: the metapersonal self, allo-inclusive identity, identification with all humanity, and the belief in oneness. As would be predicted by research on the effects of having a common ingroup identity, people who endorse a hypo-egoic identity seem to have a more positive, inclusive, and beneficent orientation toward other people and to be less prejudiced.
Trauma perineal prevention: an integrative literature review Prevenção do traumatismo perineal: uma revisão integrativa da literatura Prevención del trauma perineal: una revisión integradora de la literatura

This article describes the strategies that can be developed by the midwife in order to maintain the integrity of the maternal perineum and prevent the practice of episiotomy during the active phase of the second period of labor. Objective: To assess the available scientific evidence about the midwife’s interventions in order to prevent perineal trauma. Method: Identification of articles that incorporate scientific evidence on preventing perineal trauma, using the following databases: Medline, Elsevier, Nursing Reference, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, which resulted in 14 articles. Results/Discussion: The performance of the midwife in the prevention of perineal trauma must follow a sequential set of interventions: to encourage moderate exercise three times a week during pregnancy; to encourage women to perform the perineal massage from the 30 th week of pregnancy; to promote the restriction of perineal manipulation during labor, doing only a gentle massage, encouraging spontaneous pushing, changing the position of the mother, applying hot dressings in the perineum, and preferring a simple perineal support when Ritgen maneuver is applied. During all this process, to promote the empowerment of the mother, by giving support and confidence. Conclusion: The aforementioned interventions are referred as beneficial to the prevention of perineal trauma and to the practice of episiotomy. However, their application requires more evidence, as well as an effective divulgation of the results by the multidisciplinary teams and community with the presentation of the benefits to the health of women, family and society.
Increased blood pressure during puberty

Blood pressure is continuously increasing and increases with the child's age, that is, with the growth and development of the child. The change in pressure value in puberty appears due to complex morphological and physiological changes in the organism under the influence of hormones. With this work we have proven that blood pressure has a significant increase in children from 11 to 14 years compared to the previous period. We used the results of the systematic examination of school children of the 5th, 6th and 7th grade in the city of Nis. A total of 2333 children of both sexes were analyzed. The blood pressure was measured in a seated position three times at a time interval of 5 minutes. For statistical processing, the highest value was taken. The greatest differences in blood pressure, diastolic pressure, occurred in boys compared to girls in the fifth grade, while girls had a higher diastolic pressure than boys in the sixth and seventh grades of primary school (p < 0.001). Regarding morphological characteristics, girls had significantly higher body height values than boys in the sixth grade (p < 0.005), while boys had higher values of both body height and body weight in the seventh grade (p < 0.001). In the period of puberty, there are numerous changes in all systems and organs, blood pressure varies significantly, and therefore it has to be measured and controlled more frequently for the detection and prevention of arterial hypertension in children.
The Intention of Indebtedness with a Credit Card, an Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour

The goal of this research is to study the factors that determine the intention of unsecured personal debt with credit cards using the Ajzen Planned Behavior Theory model (1991). Using the data of 450 Ecuadorian professionals and a model of structural equations estimated by partial least squares, the attitudes, subjective norms and perceived control that guide people towards the intention of this debt were identified. The importance of this study is its contribution to understanding the factors that determine the intention of personal indebtedness in emerging economies, expanding the study population to the professional sector. The transversal study has a quantitative design and its purpose is explanatory correlative. The hypothesis evidence and the results show that the Ajzen Planned Behavior Theory model (1991) is a predictive model of the intention to borrow by credit card in Ecuadorian professionals. The proposed model contributes with new individual and contextual factors that demonstrate the particular importance of knowledge of credit cards (CONTC), lifestyle (ESTV) and past behaviour (CPAS) in predicting the intention of debt (INTEND). Furthermore, due to the cultural characteristics of each region of Ecuador, the results are compared between the cities: Guayaquil (Costa) and Quito (Sierra).
Free vascularized fibula reconstruction after multilevel total en bloc spondylectomy for primary bone malignancy: a surgical technique

Primary bone malignancies of the spine are often managed with surgical resection, when technically feasible. Total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) is a procedure that aims to provide an R0 resection and, especially in multi-level resections, requires a complex reconstruction. This can include titanium cages, methyl methacrylate, structural allograft, and vascularized grafts. At our institution, radiation therapy is frequently used as an adjunct to the surgical margin and has been found to result in the acute loss of bone mineral density and it has been associated with increased fractures and nonunion after spine and sacral surgery. This has led to the use of vascularized grafts to achieve fusion. Multi-level TES with a vascularized fibular graft provides wide surgical margins and a durable reconstruction in primary bone sarcoma of the spine undergoing radiation therapy. We review our surgical technique and rationale for multi-level TES with free vascularized fibular grafting (FVFG).
River Siger: a polygenetic Holocene palaeotidal meander and creek system

The Somerset Levels, like other low-lying coastal basins, has a history of repeated marine transgressive and regressive phases linked to eustatic, isostatic and tectonic drivers. The relative sea level history of the Bristol Channel and the inherited topography of the Parrett, Brue and Axe river valleys has produced a 10-15 m deep belt of transgressive estuarine silts and clays interleaving inland with regressive high intertidalterrestrial peats (Allen, 2000). Whilst the occurrence of such transgressive sequences dating to the Late Holocene is known from many coastal wetlands systems, including the East Anglian Fens, the Solway Firth and most notably the Dutch Delta (Allen 2005), the geomorphology of the facies is less well understood. This is particularly true of the Somerset Levels as whilst the overall Quaternary history of the basin(s) is well known (Kidson et al. 1974; Murray and Hawkins, 1976; Kidson and Heyworth, 1978; Heyworth and Kidson, 1982; Campbell et al., 1998), the processes of transgressive and regressive marine inundation are not fully understood and as a result palaeogeography has to be generalised. This is particularly true of the Early Holocene (lower clay) and the Late Holocene inundations of the Somerset Levels broadly resulting from relative sea level rise coupled with secondary mechanisms including changes in storminess, tidal amplitude and sediment compaction. Geological and soil mapping has shown that the Somerset Levels can be divided into two areas. Along the coast are the silty-clay dominated ‘Levels’ with a superimposed coastal sand-dune system, with bedrock islands such as Brent Knoll and Pawlett. Inland are the ‘moors’, mainly Brown, A.G. and Brunning, R. 2014. The River Siger: a polygenetic Holocene palaeotidal meander and creek system in the Somerset Levels. Geoscience in South-West England, 13, 286-294.
Organoids as a Powerful Model for Respiratory Diseases

Insults to the alveoli usually lead to inefficient gas exchange or even respiratory failure, which is difficult to model in animal studies. Over the past decade, stem cell-derived self-organizing three-dimensional organoids have emerged as a new avenue to recapitulate respiratory diseases in a dish. Alveolar organoids have improved our understanding of the mechanisms underlying tissue homeostasis and pathological alterations in alveoli. From this perspective, we review the state-of-the-art technology on establishing alveolar organoids from endogenous lung epithelial stem/progenitor cells or pluripotent stem cells, as well as the use of alveolar organoids for the study of respiratory diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, tuberculosis infection, and respiratory virus infection. We also discuss challenges that need to be overcome for future application of alveolar organoids in individualized medicine.
Competence of Islamic Higher Education Graduates from the Perspectives of Stakeholders in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0

This study aimed to determine the competence of graduates of Islamic Education Study Program in the perspective of user society. The study used a quantitative approach with survey method. Data collection techniques were conducted by questionnaire, interview, and documentation. Data analysis was utilized with descriptive statistics. The results showed that graduates had to have integrity (ethics and morals) in addition to other competencies. Ethics and morals should be the foundation and priority of higher education in structuring and compiling the existing curriculum. Therefore, learning does not only focus on knowledge, but attitude must be the main goal to print superior human resources who believe and are fear to God Almighty. Attitude needs to be integrated in the ongoing learning process. In addition to these competencies, graduates need to have the ability in the field of technology and communication of foreign languages both Arabic and English. The era of the industrial revolution 4.0 is marked by digitalization in all aspects of human life. Thus, curriculum development in university needs to harmonize between the needs, demands and guidance in the community.
Global Value Chains and Their Challenge to the Sustainability of Exhaustible Resources in the Pacific Alliance

In this paper, we identify which global value chain (GVC) made intensive use of minerals between 2005 and 2015. Input-output analysis instruments, complemented with network theory algorithms, are used for this purpose. We also describe, under the weak and strong sustainability approach, the mechanisms of resource rent capture and distribution used in the Pacific Alliance countries, as well as the creation of environmental laws, which governments have been forced to implement given the extractive boom of the 1990s and the first decade of this century.
Simultaneous measurement of the relative humidity dependent aerosol light extinction, scattering, absorption and single-scattering albedo with a humidified cavity-enhanced albedometer

Hygroscopic aerosols take up water and grow with increasing relative humidity (RH), giving rise to large changes 15 in light extinction (bext), scattering (bscat), absorption (babs), and single scattering albedo (SSA, ). The optical hygroscopic growth factors for each parameter (f(RH)ext,scat,abs,) are thus important for assessing aerosol effects on regional air quality, atmospheric visibility, and radiative forcing. The RH dependence of aerosol scattering and extinction has been studied in many laboratory and field studies. However, owing partly to the absence of suitable instrumentation, there are few reports of the RH dependence of aerosol absorption and . In this work, we report the development of a humidified cavity-enhanced 20 albedometer (H-CEA) for simultaneous measurements of f(RH)ext,scat,abs, at  = 532 nm from 10% to 90% RH. The instrument’s performance was evaluated with laboratory-generated ammonium sulphate, sodium chloride and nigrosin aerosols. Measured hygroscopic growth factors for different parameters were in good agreement with model calculations and literature reported values, demonstrating the accuracy of the H-CEA for measuring RH-dependent optical properties.
Effect of linseed diet and hazelnut skin supplementation on oxidative status and blood serum metabolites in rabbits

Rabbits in groups of eight were fed for nine weeks with diets containing linseed, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (LS), linseed plus hazelnut skins, with antioxidant function (LS+HS), or palm oil, rich in saturated fatty acids (PO). The aim of this work was to compare the effects of aforementioned diets on serum biochemical parameters related to nutritional and inflammatory status, immune function and oxidative balance [triglycerides, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lysozyme, reactive oxygen species and antioxidant power, respectively]. At the end of the study redox imbalance (with a significant increase in oxidative stress and decrease in antioxidant defenses) was greatest in rabbits fed the LS diet (without additional antioxidant protection) compared to the other two groups (P<0.05). Also the blood value of lysozyme, an immune parameter linked to inflammatory phenomena, was greater in the LS compared to the other two groups (P <0.05). ALT remained unchanged in all three groups, while a significant increase in AST, triglycerides, and cholesterol was noted in the group fed the PO diet as compared to the other two groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, the most favorable and healthy values were found in rabbits fed with diets containing linseed and supplemented with hazelnut skins (LS+HS group).