Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insights on Atmospheric Oxidation Processes by Performing Factor Analyses on Sub-ranges of Mass Spectra

Abstract. With the recent developments in mass spectrometry, combined with the strengths of factor analysis techniques, our understanding of atmospheric oxidation chemistry has improved significantly. The typical approach for using techniques like positive matrix factorization (PMF) is to input all measured data for the factorization in order to separate contributions from different sources and/or processes to the total measured signal. However, while this is a valid approach for assigning the total signal to factors, we have identified several cases where useful information can be lost if solely using this approach. For example, gaseous molecules emitted from the same source can show different temporal behaviors due to differing loss terms, like condensation at different rates due to different molecular masses. This conflicts with one of PMF's basic assumptions of constant factor profiles. In addition, some ranges of a mass spectrum may contain useful information, despite contributing only minimal fraction to the total signal, in which case they are unlikely to have a significant impact on the factorization result. Finally, certain mass ranges may contain molecules formed via pathways not available to molecules in other mass ranges, e.g. dimeric species versus monomeric species. In this study, we attempted to address these challenges by dividing mass spectra into sub-ranges and applying the newly developed binPMF method to these ranges separately. We utilized a dataset from a chemical ionization atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight (CI-APi-TOF) mass spectrometer as an example. We compare the results from these three different ranges, each corresponding to molecules of different volatilities, with binPMF results from the combined range. Separate analysis showed clear benefits in dividing factors for molecules of different volatilities more accurately, in resolving different chemical processes from different ranges, and in giving a chance for high-molecular-weight molecules with low signal intensities to be used to distinguish dimeric species with different formation pathways. In addition, daytime dimer formation (diurnal peak around noon) was identified, which may contribute to NPF in Hyytiälä. Also, dimers from NO3 oxidation were separated by the sub-range binPMF, which would not be identified otherwise. We recommend PMF users to try running their analyses on selected sub-ranges in order to further explore their datasets.
Awareness and Practice of Health Care Providers towards Communicable Disease Surveillance in Assuit University Hospitals - Egypt

Introduction: Communicable disease control is announced as one of the most important health issues internationally. Poor disease surveillance is a main cause for increased mortality and morbidity of communicable diseases.The main purpose of public health surveillance is to provide actionable health information to public health staff, governmental leaders and the public. Lack of knowledge, poor attitude and practice are identifiable causes of noncompliance to surveillance system requirements among health care providers. Objective: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of Assuit university health care providers regarding the reporting of communicable diseases. Method: Across sectional study was conducted on 347 physician and 73 head-nurses at Assuit University Hospitals. Interview questionnaire covering personal and work data, knowledge, attitude and practice was used. Results: only 40% of participants have knowledge about the presence of communicable disease surveillance system and unit. Regarding knowledge about the functions of the surveillance; the most known functions were: application of collected data for disease prevention and control and dissemination to allow action. Small percentage of participants didn’t know any function of the system. Conclusion: Less than a quarter of the participants have a good knowledge of the surveillance of communicable diseases. Most (three quarters) of the participants have a positive attitude about communicable diseases surveillance. Head nurses have slightly more adequate practice than physicians. The main reasons for nonreporting were: lack of knowledge about how or to whom to report or which diseases to report and time constraint.
Support of the Iraq nuclear facility dismantlement and disposal program

Available in abstract form only. Full text of publication follows: Iraq's former nuclear facilities contain large quantities of radioactive materials and radioactive waste. The Iraq Nuclear Facility Dismantlement and Disposal Program (the Iraq NDs Program) is a new program to decontaminate and permanently dispose of radioactive wastes in Iraq. The NDs Program is led by the Government of Iraq, under International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) auspices, with guidance and assistance from a number of countries. The U.S. participants include Texas Tech University and Sandia National Laboratories. A number of activities are ongoing under the broad umbrella of the Iraq NDs Program: drafting a new nuclear law that will provide the legal basis for the cleanup and disposal activities; assembly and analysis of existing data; characterization of soil contamination; bringing Iraqi scientists to the world's largest symposium on radioactive waste management; touring U.S. government and private sector operating radwaste disposal facilities in the U.S., and hosting a planning workshop on the characterization and cleanup of the Al-Tuwaitha Nuclear Facility. (authors)
Smart KM Model: An Integrated Knowledge Management Framework for Organizational Excellence

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to critically address the key issues facing organisations in implementing knowledge management (KM) initiatives and frameworks and how to develop fit-for-purpose an integrated knowledge management framework (KMF) for organisational excellence. In doing so, the paper critically review concepts, frameworks and models of KM to introduce the SMART KM model to support the successful introduction of KM to an organisation through systematic and well-defined steps. In addition to well-founded theories, SMART KM model is also driven by best-in-class KM practices from a number of industries and sectors. SMART KM contains number of business components which supports knowledge flow throughout the organisations which can be tailored to achieve the organisation-specific goals and objectives in alignment with the adopted operating model. Throughout the paper, number of key issues facing organisations in implementing KM initiatives will be introduced and discussed. The readers would also be able to realise the design principles supporting SMART KM model and how it can be used to improve performance and achieve organisational excellence. Design/methodology/approach The paper provides an in-depth and critical review of the literature and theories on KM. In doing so, several sources have been reviewed and consulted including various mainstream referred journals focussing on KM, change management, management, HR, social science, strategy, etc. as well as books, online databases, governmental reports and statistics, etc. Findings All organisations are demanding better justification for investments in any KM initiative and expected outcomes. Therefore, we must ensure that KM initiatives are directly linked to the organisation’s business strategy. Moreover, we must also ensure that there are performance measurements in place to evaluate the success of the proposed KMF or KM initiative. Originality/value The SMART KMF is unique as it considers a number of paradigms and key organisation facets to assure successful deployment of KM practices and long-term sustainability of the associated benefits.
Tampering prevention in L-category vehicle approval legislation: Impact assessment on powertrain tampering prevention with recommendations for cost effective measures

The objective of this study was to pinpoint and create alternatives to restrict or prevent deleterious tampering on L-category vehicles. Vehicles that fall into the L-category include motorcycles, mopeds, quadricycles, and tricycles). The study identified harmful tampering efforts by utilyzing a FMEA-type analysis. It also quantified the effects of a variety of tampering actions on the environment and safety, via physical testing. The results of the test programme were utilized for a cost benefit analysis. This analysis was able to provide early estimates of potential benefits that might occur if effective tampering control efforts were introduced. The paper offers alternatives to control tampering, as well as possible alterations in current legislation.
An Analysis of Factors that Influence Air Force Civil Engineer Company Grade Officer Turnover Intentions

Abstract : Increased operational pace in support of combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, combined with a reduction in the number of service members, has required military members to work longer and harder. Civil engineer company grade officers are among the most heavily deployed members of the Air Force. Because of this, Air Force leaders are concerned that they will encounter retention challenges with these members. To address this issue, a questionnaire designed to capture several key attitudes individuals have about the Air Force and the civil engineer career field was administered to 364 Air Force civil engineer company grade officers. Results of this study indicated that job satisfaction, organizational commitment, availability of alternatives, perceived organizational support, operations tempo, interrole conflict, and non-work satisfaction were significantly correlated with turnover intentions. Additionally, as suggested by some of the seminal and contemporary models of employee turnover, job satisfaction and organizational commitment were shown to mediate the relationship between these attitudinal variables and an individual's intent to leave the Air Force. Theoretical and practical implications, as well as recommendations for future research are discussed.
Lygus Bugs in Arizona Regain Susceptibility to Key Insecticides

Adult lygus bugs, Lygus hesperus (Knight), were collected from alfalfa fields in 22 different cotton producing areas of Arizona. A standardized, glass vial method was used to estimate susceptibility of the collected populations to the pyrethroid insecticide Captures (bifenthrin) and the organophosphate Orthene® (acephate). Large differences were recorded in susceptibility of Arizona populations to both insecticides. The most susceptible lygus populations continue to be found in the eastern areas of the state and the least susceptible in central Arizona. Lygus from throughout the state were substantially more susceptible to Capture and Orthene in 1996 than in 1995. Lygus bioassayed repeatedly from the same locations in 1996 exhibited moderate -to -small seasonal variability in susceptibility to Capture. However, some of the same populations varied widely in susceptibility to Orthene in 1996. The large changes in susceptibility to Orthene were attributed to episodic movements of lygus from other hosts. Eleven insecticides were evaluated against populations most and least susceptible to Capture and Orthene to identify promising candidates for future lygus field trials. A Safford population was substantially more susceptible than a Maricopa population to Admire®, Curacron ®, Cygon ®, Malathion® and Vydate ®. Most surprising was the greatly reduced susceptibility to Admire of the Maricopa population. The older insecticides Bidrin®, Lannate ®, Monitor ®, Naled®, Ovasyn® and Thiodan® were quite similar in toxicity to both the Safford and Maricopa populations and therefore are good candidates for further field evaluations to judge their merit for inclusion in lygus insecticide rotations. Bioassay results were related to field performance of four insecticides in a field trial conducted in Central Arizona. Findings showed that the two insecticides that caused the lowest mortality in vial bioassays, Orthene and Vydate, resulted in the greatest suppression of lygus in the field. These findings underscore that the absolute level of mortality observed in bioassays should not be assumed to reflect relative efficacy in the field. It also confirms that Orthene and Vydate continue to be good choices for lygus control, even in Central Arizona where populations are decidedly less susceptible to these insecticides. We have demonstrated that the adult vial bioassay provides a reliable method for measuring differences between Arizona lygus populations in susceptibility to a
A MATHEMATICAL MODEL IN THE TIME OF COVID-19

A novel coronavirus, called COVID-19, was found in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and hasspread to various urban areas in China as well as to 24 different nations. The number of confirmedcases is proliferating on a daily basis and has been declared a pandemic lately. In this brief currentstudy, we present a new mathematical model where we show how protection, exposure, immigration,death and cure rates affect the healthy and infected population with time.
Assessment of Corridors with Different Types of Intersections

Recently, roundabouts in a series have been installed along corridors to enhance road safety. However, the benefits of this traffic-calming technique on traffic performance and pollutant emissions compared with other forms of intersections, such as traffic lights and stop-controlled solutions, are not properly known. This study used a microscopic approach to evaluate the effects of a corridor with four roundabouts on traffic performance and emissions, in comparison with traffic lights and stop-controlled solutions. Average travel time and number of vehicle stops were used as measures of traffic performance; carbon dioxide, monoxide carbon, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter were used to quantify emissions. The traffic and emissions performance of each solution was evaluated on three levels: (a) arterial, (b) intersection, and (c) morning peak versus evening peak periods. It was found that, regardless of the time period, traffic lights in corridors at the arterial level produced higher total emissions (> 6%), while stop-controlled intersections produced lower emissions (≈12%) compared with roundabouts, mainly because of unbalanced traffic flows between main and minor roads. The results for traffic performance showed advantages in implementing roundabouts when the main concern was the number of vehicle stops. At the intersection level, an emissions improvement (between 2% and 14%) was observed at traffic lights on four-leg intersections.
The effects of water immersion on recovery in Australianfootball

Participation in a physically demanding team sport, such as Australian football (AF), can result in post-exercise physical performance decrements as well as increases in psychometric measures, muscle damage and inflammation. The use of both cold water immersion (CWI) and contrast water therapy (CWT) as a means of post-exercise recovery is becoming more prevalent in the team sport environment. Both modalities are utilised in an attempt to enhance physical performance recovery while reducing perceived muscle soreness and fatigue. Although increasing in popularity, conflicting evidence exists regarding their effectiveness. Comparisons within the same team sport population are lacking, while little information on the efficacy of either intervention exists in AF. Therefore, the effects of a single 14 min exposure of both CWI and CWT on restoring repeat 20 m sprint time, jump performance and psychometric measures was investigated following AF training (Study 1) and an AF match (Study 2). The effects of both modalities post-match on moderating the appearance of markers of muscle damage and inflammation was also investigated (Study 3). Australian football training and match participation reduced repeat sprint, countermovement and squat jump performance and increased perceptions of fatigue and muscle soreness. Match participation also greatly increased inflammatory and muscle damage markers. Both CWI and CWT were more successful than a passive recovery at attenuating decrements in physical performance and reducing exercise induced increases muscle soreness, fatigue and markers of muscle damage, with CWI being the most effective. Neither CWI nor CWT altered the postexercise inflammatory response and therefore most likely had no effect on blunting the inflammatory pathways involved in muscle repair. Results demonstrate that AF participation leads to post-exercise declines in physical performance, an acute phase inflammatory response, muscle damage and heightened perceptions of soreness and fatigue. It was established that in well trained AF players, both modalities were more effective at attenuating these changes than a passive recovery with CWI being more effective. These findings add to the body of knowledge regarding the use and efficacy of CWI and CWT in team sport and would be of benefit to team sport athletes/coaches in decreasing any confusion regarding their use and in helping them to determine the best modality for their recovery needs.
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Mortality of Inpatients with COVID-19 in Golestan Province, Iran: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease that was first reported in Wuhan, China, and has subsequently spread worldwide. We aimed to further clarify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 2019-nCoV pneumonia and risk factors associated for mortality. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we included inpatient with acute respiratory distress syndrome at Golestan University of Medical Sciences Hospitals (Golestan province, Iran) who had been discharged or had died in 2020. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data, including samples for viral RNA detection, were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between recovered and died cases. We used multiple logistic regression methods to explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death.Results: In overall 2,835 acute respiratory distress syndrome patients were included in this study, of these patients, 874 (30.83.9%) were positive for 2019­nCoV, and 1,046 (36.90%) were negative and 915 (32.28%) were not available for PCR result. Five hundred and sixty-three patients (19.86%) died, 1,687 patients (59.51%) were recovered, and 585 (20.63%) under treatment. Of the total deaths, only 288 (10.15%) were attributed to COVID-19. The most common symptoms at onset of illness were respiratory distress (1,795 [63.32%]), fever (1,601 [56.47%]), dry cough (1,595 [56.26%]), Sore throat (445 [15.70%]), and myalgia (342 [12.06%]). One thousand and twelve (35.7%) had 1 or more coexisting medical conditions. In multiple logistic regression analysis, risk factors associated with the death included older age (OR (Odds Ratio), 1.03; 95% CI; 1.02-1.04), blood oxygen level (SpO2<93%) (OR, 2.44; 95% CI; 1.79-3.31), comorbidities (OR, 2.15; 95% CI; 1.62-2.84), respiratory distress (OR, 1.74; 95% CI; 1.28-2.37), and headache (OR, 0.44 95% CI; 0.21-0.92). Conclusions: The 2019-nCoV infection caused collections of severe respiratory illness and was associated high ratio of hospitalization in ICU and high mortality. Older age and comorbidities were associated with more risk of death among patients with 2019­nCoV.
Optimising the demand of a mine water reticulation system to reduce electricity consumption

A study was conducted on the electricity consumption of water reticulation systems in the South African mining environment. The electrical demand of such a system can range from between 15 MW to 35 MW. This high demand created an opportunity to optimise the supply of chilled water, reducing water wastage and therefore reducing the electricity consumption. By controlling the demand of chilled water on a typical deep level gold mine, a daily energy saving of 10.78 MWh can be achieved. A total energy savings of 100 MWh per day can be realised by optimising control on similar deep level gold mines.
Safety Effectiveness of Flashing Yellow Arrow

The purpose of this project was to develop crash modification factors (CMFs) for the implementation of a flashing yellow arrow (FYA) on the basis of the specific before-and-after period conditions of a signalized intersection. Although this countermeasure has been used for years in North Carolina and other states, no published studies to date have provided CMFs for left-turn crashes specific to the treated approaches, and none has provided CMFs for the three-section FYA for permissive-only left turns. Crash data from 222 intersections in North Carolina with an FYA protected–permissive left turn (FYA-PPLT), three-section FYA permissive-only left-turn installations, or both were used to provide CMFs for five category types: Category 1 (permissive only to FYA-PPLT), Category 2 (protected only to FYA-PPLT), Category 2A (protected only to FYA-PPLT with time of day operation), Category 3 (five-section PPLT to FYA-PPLT), and Category 4 (permissive only to FYA permissive only). A before-and-after crash analysis with consideration given to increases in traffic was used to determine the safety estimates. Safety performance functions were used to account for the effect of traffic volume trends. In Categories 3 and 4, the change was exclusive to the left-turn display and not to a change in phasing. All CMF results were statistically significant for Category 3, and target and injury CMF results were statistically significant for Category 4. On the basis of the results from the study sites, a statistically significant decrease was found in target left-turn crashes and injury crashes after a site signal underwent a change from a solid green ball to an FYA for permissive left turns when phasing remained unchanged. This finding applied whether the left phasing was protected–permissive or fully permissive.
Integration environmental aspects into product development : proactive measures

The paper is based on twenty-eight interviews in four Swedish companies – three of which consider themselves as the best practitioners in Evironmentally Conscious Design (ECD) and one that has recently begun to integrate environmental features into product development (referred to as the non-practice company). Based on earlier research, several important factors for a successful change in product development were investigated. The need to integrate environmental concerns into the non-practice company''s product development is described, along with problems arising from the implementation of ECD and the solutions adopted by the best-practice companies. Lastly, six ways of integrating environmental aspects are identified in the areas management, individual behaviour, resources, formal product development procedures, support tools, and competence development.