Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A low‐fat synbiotic cream cheese containing herbal gums, Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus: Physicochemical, rheological, sensory, and microstructural characterization during storage

Abstract This study aimed to use natural herbal gums, as fat replacers, for preparing a low‐fat synbiotic cream cheese; for this purpose, the effects of Lepidium perfoliatum seed gum (LPSG) (1% w/w) and flaxseed gum (FG) (1% w/w) on physicochemical, rheological, organoleptic, and microstructural properties of low‐fat cream cheese containing B. adolescentis and L. rhamnosus were analyzed over a 45‐day storage period. The results indicated that adding LPSG and FG had no significant effects on acidity and pH (p > .05). The results also showed that full‐fat (FF) cheese samples had the highest textural (hardness (1.099–0.88), cohesiveness (0.72–0.67), springiness (1.95–1.64), adhesiveness (1.01–0.69), and spreadability (1.53–1.17)), viscosity and sensory scores (color (4.22–4.18), odor (4.13–4.09), taste (4.19–3.89), texture (4.08–3.81), and overall acceptability (4.01–3.72)) during 45‐day storage. Based on the probiotic count test, only the treated samples with LPSG + FG had a probiotic count in the standard range (6.23 cfu/g) at the end of the storage time. The outcomes of the present study indicated that the incorporation of LPSG and FG into the formulation of low‐fat synbiotic cream cheese could be an effective strategy to overcome the problems associated with fat reduction.
Evidencias de la coexistencia de dinosaurios hadrosaurinos y lambeosaurinos en el Maastrichtiano superior de la Península Ibérica (Arén, Huesca, España)

Abstract Evidence of the coexistence of hadrosaurine and lambeosaurine dinosaurs in the upper Maastrichtian of the Iberian Peninsula (Arén, Huesca, Spain). Many cranial and postcranial remains of hadrosaurid ornithopods from the upper Maastrichtian have been recovered in Arén (Huesca, Spain) in the sites Blasi 1–5. Three of these cranial remains, found at Blasi 1 (Arén Formation), and Blasi 4 and 5 (Conques Formation) are jugals and are the only jugals described from Western Europe. The jugals from Arén differ from those of Telmatosaurus transsylvanicus (Nopcsa, 1900) by being these more slender and presenting an anterior process isosceles-triangle-like. The jugals found at Arén are assigned provisionally to the subfamilies Hadrosaurinae (Blasi 5) and Lambeosaurinae (Blasi 1 and 4). The hadrosaurine jugal presents an asymmetrical anterior process along the maxilla-lacrimal contact and a wide jugal neck, while the jugals of lambeosaurines have an anterior process very wide dorsoventrally and symmetric, narrow jugal neck and maxillary process perpendicular to the antero-posterior axis of the jugal. The hadrosaurine from Arén represents the first mention of the subfamily in Europe and, together with the remains of lambeosaurines found in Europe, shows an active interaction with the migratory route existing then between Asia and North America. Remains found in Arén are essential in the knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships and the biogeography of this clade in Europe.
Early Life - Lonely Life An Attempt to Sketch the Most Likely Scenario of Origin of Life

In this article the author tries to sketch the most likely scenario of origin of life taken the facts known today into account. The main thesis is that early life already evolved during the time of disastrous meteorite impacts which nearly sterilized the whole Earth by boiling and evaporating most of the liquid water. This is in contrast to the usual unquestioned assumption that early life evolved after the meteorite bombardment of early Earth calmed down and stable oceans were present. The main reasons for this thesis are the unexpected uniformity of the genetic code, the two fundamentally different forms of cell membranes, the high evolution speed needed, and the energy rich molecules needed. Those reasons and the unlikelihood of other explanations (like extraterrestrial or autotrophic origin) are discussed in detail. The thesis presented here implies that life could only emerge during the meteorite bombardment and not after it ended. Typically it is assumed that life emerges on all Earth-like planets. However, the only reason for this assumption is that life emerged so early on Earth. This is taken as prove that life emerges everywhere, if the environment is suitable. If we now have to assume that life could only emerge very early on Earth and not later, this means, we cannot deduct from early emergence of life that origin of life is a likely event. In contrast the more you investigate the details of the biochemistry of metabolism, replication, transcription and translation, the more you see stunning complexity, which cannot be reduced in a simple way. Even the most primitive looking life forms are not primitive at all. With the current knowledge, we have to assume that the emergence of life is an incredibly unlikely event.
Revealing Allosteric Mechanism of Amino Acid Binding Proteins from Open to Closed State

Amino acid binding proteins (AABPs) undergo significant conformational closure in the periplasmic space of Gram-negative bacteria, tightly binding specific amino acid substrates and then initiating transmembrane transport of nutrients. Nevertheless, the possible closure mechanisms after substrate binding, especially long-range signaling, remain unknown. Taking three typical AABPs—glutamine binding protein (GlnBP), histidine binding protein (HisJ) and lysine/arginine/ornithine binding protein (LAOBP) in Escherichia coli (E. coli)—as research subjects, a series of theoretical studies including sequence alignment, Gaussian network model (GNM), anisotropic network model (ANM), conventional molecular dynamics (cMD) and neural relational inference molecular dynamics (NRI-MD) simulations were carried out. Sequence alignment showed that GlnBP, HisJ and LAOBP have high structural similarity. According to the results of the GNM and ANM, AABPs’ Index Finger and Thumb domains exhibit closed motion tendencies that contribute to substrate capture and stable binding. Based on cMD trajectories, the Index Finger domain, especially the I-Loop region, exhibits high molecular flexibility, with residues 11 and 117 both being potentially key residues for receptor–ligand recognition and initiation of receptor allostery. Finally, the signaling pathway of AABPs’ conformational closure was revealed by NRI-MD training and trajectory reconstruction. This work not only provides a complete picture of AABPs’ recognition mechanism and possible conformational closure, but also aids subsequent structure-based design of small-molecule oncology drugs.
Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts

Eleven calcaxonian gorgonians are reported from seamounts in the Northeast Pacific, including eight new records for this region, six of which are described as new species. Twenty-one calcaxonians are now known from the Northeast Pacific (exclusive of Alaska). A table of comparisons is given for all six species of Parastenella and the three eastern Pacific species of Calyptrophora. A neotype is designated for Chrysogorgia fruticosa.
Glanders Diagnosis in an Asymptomatic Mare from Brazil: Insights from Serology, Microbiological Culture, Mass Spectrometry, and Genome Sequencing

This manuscript elucidates the occurrence of glanders in an asymptomatic mare from Brazil presenting positive Burkholderia mallei antibody titers. The diagnosis was established through a multi-pronged approach encompassing microbiological culture, mass spectrometry, and genome sequencing. The outbreak occurred in 2019 in Tatuí, São Paulo, Brazil, and the infected mare, despite displaying no clinical symptoms, had multiple miliary lesions in the liver, as well as intense catarrhal discharge in the trachea. Samples were collected from various organs and subjected to bacterial isolation, molecular detection, and identification. The strain was identified as B. mallei using PCR and confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 5.51 Mb with a GC content of 65.8%, 5871 genes (including 4 rRNA and 53 tRNA genes), and 5583 coding DNA sequences (CDSs). Additionally, 227 predicted pseudogenes were detected. In silico analysis of different genomic loci that allow for differentiation with Burkholderia pseudomallei confirmed the identity of the isolate as B. mallei, in addition to the characteristic genome size. The BAC 86/19 strain was identified as lineage 3, sublineage 2, which includes other strains from Brazil, India, and Iran. The genome sequencing of this strain provides valuable information that can be used to better understand the pathogen and its epidemiology, as well as to develop diagnostic tools for glanders.
SMYD3 Modulates the HGF/MET Signaling Pathway in Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is the third most deadly cancer worldwide. Considerable efforts have been made to find targetable drivers in order to improve patient outcomes. MET is one of the most important factors involved in GC initiation and progression as it plays a major role in GC invasiveness and is related to cancer stemness. Unfortunately, treatment strategies targeting MET are still limited, with a proportion of patients responding to therapy but later developing resistance. Here, we showed that MET is a molecular partner of the SMYD3 methyltransferase in GC cells. Moreover, we found that SMYD3 pharmacological inhibition affects the HGF/MET downstream signaling pathway. Extensive cellular analyses in GC models indicated that EM127, a novel active site-selective covalent SMYD3 inhibitor, can be used as part of a synergistic approach with MET inhibitors in order to enhance the targeting of the HGF/MET pathway. Importantly, our data were confirmed in a 3D GC cell culture system, which was used as a surrogate to evaluate stemness characteristics. Our findings identify SMYD3 as a promising therapeutic target to impair the HGF/MET pathway for the treatment of GC.
Behavioural Health of Reintroduced Orangutans (Pongo abelii) in Bukit Lawang, Sumatra Indonesia

It is well recognized that post-release monitoring is lacking in many reintroduction programs. The goal of this study was thus to assess the behavioural health of a semi-wild population of orangutans reintroduced at Bukit Lawang, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The area also hosts a wildlife tourism operation centered on orangutan viewing, which is part of the reason the reintroduction program at Bukit Lawang was terminated. Though the effects of poorly managed reintroduction programs and/or unregulated tourism are somewhat predictable (higher rates of disease and mortality through increased contact with humans, inadequate foraging skills through a higher dependence on provisioning, etc.), they have seemingly yet been quantified and studied in detail. Therefore continuous focal sampling was conducted on fourteen of the orangutans in the area, noting any behaviours engaged in and chronicling any effects of the tourism industry on the population. In addition a Kernel Density Estimation was performed utilizing GPS points collected throughout the study so as to determine patterns of range use to assess potential effects due to provisioning. Results showed the behavioural patterns of the orangutans were being significantly altered by the tourism operation in place. They were not only foraging less on days when tourists were present but were also restricting their range use to areas of high tourism use. There is also a serious risk of disease transmission between the apes and humans who come into close proximity with them. A high infant mortality rate was observed, and behavioral abnormalities were observed, such as two independent cases of mother-infant cannibalism. It is possible that the close unregulated contact between the orangutans and humans is potentially resulting in disease transmission. The study concludes that a serious restructuring of the tourism operation is needed to better manage and protect this critically endangered species.
Preoperative hematocrit levels and postoperative mortality in patients undergoing craniotomy for brain tumors

Background Abnormal hematocrit values, including anemia and polycythemia, are common in patients undergoing craniotomy, but the extent to which preoperative anemia or polycythemia independently increases the risk of mortality is unclear. This retrospective cohort study aimed to examine the association between preoperative anemia and polycythemia and postoperative mortality in patients who underwent craniotomy for brain tumor resection. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from 12,170 patients diagnosed with a brain tumor who underwent cranial surgery at West China Hospital between January 2011 and March 2021. The preoperative hematocrit value was defined as the last hematocrit value within 7 days before the operation, and patients were grouped according to the severity of their anemia or polycythemia. We assessed the primary outcome of 30-day postoperative mortality using logistic regression analysis adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results Multivariable logistic regression analysis reported that the 30-day mortality risk was raised with increasing severity of both anemia and polycythemia. Odds ratios for mild, moderate, and severe anemia were 1.12 (95% CI: 0.79–1.60), 1.66 (95% CI: 1.06–2.58), and 2.24 (95% CI: 0.99–5.06), respectively. Odds ratios for mild, moderate, and severe polycythemia were 1.40 (95% CI: 0.95–2.07), 2.81 (95% CI: 1.32–5.99), and 14.32 (95% CI: 3.84–53.44), respectively. Conclusions This study demonstrated that moderate to severe anemia and polycythemia are independently associated with increased postoperative mortality in patients undergoing craniotomy for brain tumor resection. These findings underscore the importance of identifying and managing abnormal hematocrit values before craniotomy surgery.
Relationships between radar backscatter and accumulation rates on the Greenland ice sheet

C-band radar backscatter generally seems to be inversely related to accumulation rate across Greenland's dry snow zone. A coupled snow metamorphosis-backscatter model was constructed in order to investigate the observation. Accumulation rate and mean annual temperature were the coupled-model inputs. In a local area where accumulation rate is known very accurately the model predicts the backscatter level along several transects within the calibration uncertainties of the ERS-1 SAR data. The analysis was applied to the remainder of the dry snow zone. The model showed that both accumulation rate and temperature can modulate surface backscatter across Greenland's dry snow zone with accumulation rate being the primary influence.
Strain rate relaxation of normal and thrust faults in Italy

SUMMARY We find that geodetic strain rate (SR) integrated with the knowledge of active faults points out that hazardous seismic areas are those with lower SR, where active faults are possibly approaching the end of seismic cycle. SR values estimated from GPS velocities at epicentral areas of large historical earthquakes in Italy decrease with increasing elapsed time, thus highlighting faults more prone to reactivation. We have modelled an exponential decrease relationship between SR and the time elapsed since the last largest earthquake, differencing historical earthquakes according to their fault rupture style. Then, we have estimated the characteristic times of relaxation by a non-linear inversion, showing that events with thrust mechanism exhibit a characteristic time (∼ 990yr) about three times larger than those with normal mechanism. Assuming standard rigidity and viscosity values we can infer an average recurrence time of about 600yr for normal faults and about 2000yr for thrust faults.
Interdecadal Change in the Interannual Variability of South China Sea Summer Monsoon Intensity

: The interdecadal change in the interannual variability of the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) intensity and its mechanism are investigated in this study. The interannual variability of the low-level circulation of the SCSSM has experienced a significant interdecadal enhancement around the end of the 1980s, which may be attributed to the interdecadal changes in the evolution of the tropical Indo-Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and their impacts on the SCSSM. From 1961 to 1989, the low-level circulation over the South China Sea is primarily affected by the SST anomalies in the tropical Indian Ocean via the mechanism of Kelvin-wave-induced Ekman divergence. While in 1990 to 2020, the impacts of the summer SST anomalies in the Maritime Continent and the equatorial central to eastern Pacific on the SCSSM are enhanced, via anomalous meridional circulation and Mastuno-Gill type Rossby wave atmospheric response, respectively. The above interdecadal changes are closely associated with the interdecadal changes in the evolution of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The interdecadal variation of the summer SST anomalies in the developing and decaying phases of ENSO events enhances the influence of the tropical Indo-Pacific SST on the SCSSM, resulting in the interdecadal change in the interannual variability of the SCSSM.
Mechanisms of Copper Toxicity and Tolerance in the Aquatic Moss Taxiphyllum barbieri

Aquatic habitats are very frequently polluted with different kinds of xenobiotics, including heavy metals. For biomonitoring studies of aquatic pollution, algae are frequently used, as they do not contain protective cuticle on the surface of their thalli and can accumulate pollutants over the whole surface of thalli. However, this is a feature of most cryptogams. For this reason, we assessed the sensitivity of the aquatic moss Taxiphyllum barbieri (Java moss) to copper excess in a short-term study. Moss T. barbieri belongs to the common aquatic plants originating from Southeast Asia. To test the sensitivity (or tolerance) of the moss to excess Cu, selected concentrations (50, 250 and 500 µM) were employed in our 24 h studies. Total and intracellular Cu accumulation positively correlated with Cu availability in the water. This total and intracellular Cu accumulation was negatively correlated with decreased intracellular K content. Excess Cu negatively affected the composition of assimilation pigments and soluble proteins. Cu caused increased peroxidation of membrane lipids assessed using TBARS assay. Excess Cu decreased GSH to GSSG ratio and ascorbic acid content. We did not observe phytochelatin synthesis in this moss. The roles of selected amino acids, their intermediates and derivatives, as well as S-containing nucleosides and phenolic acids in Cu homeostasis and toxicity or tolerance were evaluated. We assume that this moss has potential for future employment in water quality evaluation.
Accuracy of Intraoral Scanner for Recording Completely Edentulous Arches—A Systematic Review

Scanning edentulous arches during complete denture fabrication is a crucial step; however, the quality of the resulting digital scan is still questionable. The purpose of this study is to systematically review studies (both clinical and in vitro) and determine whether intraoral scanners have clinically acceptable accuracy when recording completely edentulous arches for the fabrication of removable complete dentures. An electronic search in medical databases like PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS), using a combination of relevant keywords, retrieved 334 articles. After full-text evaluation, twelve articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this review (eight clinical studies and four in vitro studies). A quality analysis of the included studies was carried out using the QUADAS-2 tool. The accuracy values varied between different intraoral scanners. Different regions of the edentulous arches showed differences in trueness and precision values in both in vitro and clinical studies. Peripheral borders, the inner seal, and poorly traceable structures like the soft palate showed maximum discrepancies. The accuracy of intraoral scanners in recording clear anatomic landmarks like hard tissues with attached mucosa was comparable to conventional edentulous arch impressions. However, higher discrepancies were recorded when digitizing mobile and poorly traceable structures. Intraoral scanners can be used to digitize denture-bearing areas, but the interpretation of the peripheral border and the soft palate should be carefully carried out.
Characterization of gas shale pore systems by porosimetry, pycnometry, surface area, and field emission scanning electron microscopy/transmission electron microscopy image analyses: Examples from the Barnett, Woodford, Haynesville, Marcellus, and Doig units

The nanometer-scaled pore systems of gas shale reservoirs were investigated from the Barnett, Marcellus, Woodford, and Haynesville gas shales in the United States and the Doig Formation of northeastern British Columbia, Canada. The purpose of this article is to provide awareness of the nature and variability in pore structures within gas shales and not to provide a representative evaluation on the previously mentioned North American reservoirs. To understand the pore system of these rocks, the total porosity, pore-size distribution, surface area, organic geochemistry, mineralogy, and image analyses by electron microscopy were performed. Total porosity from helium pycnometry ranges between 2.5 and 6.6%. Total organic carbon content ranges between 0.7 and 6.8 wt. %, and vitrinite reflectance measured between 1.45 and 2.37%. The gas shales in the United States are clay and quartz rich, with the Doig Formation samples being quartz and carbonate rich and clay poor. Higher porosity samples have higher values because of a greater abundance of mesopores compared with lower porosity samples. With decreasing total porosity, micropore volumes relatively increase whereas the sum of mesopores and macropore volumes decrease. Focused ion beam milling, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy provide high-resolution (∼5 nm) images of pore distribution and geometries. Image analysis provides a visual appreciation of pore systems in gas shale reservoirs but is not a statistically valid method to evaluate gas shale reservoirs. Macropores and mesopores are observed as either intergranular porosity or are confined to kerogen-rich aggregates and show no preferred orientation or align parallel with the laminae of the shale. Networks of mesopores are observed to connect with the larger macropores within the kerogen-rich aggregates.