Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improvements in the X-ray luminosity function and constraints on the cosmological parameters from X-ray luminous clusters

Aims. We improve the current constraints on Ωm, the dark-energy equation-of-state parameter, w ,a ndσ8, obtained from measurements of the X-ray luminosity function of galaxy clusters, namely MACS, the local BCS, and the REFLEX galaxy cluster samples with luminosities L > 3 × 10 44 erg/s in the 0.1−2.4 keV band. Methods. To this aim, we use Tinker and collaborators mass function instead of Jenkins and collaborators and the mass-luminosity relationship obtained by Del Popolo and collaborators. Results. Using the same methods and priors as Mantz and collaborators, we find Ωm = 0.28 +0.05 −0.04 and σ8 = 0.78 +0.04 −0.05 ,f or aΛCDM universe, while the result of Mantz and collaborators gives less tight constraints Ωm = 0.28 +0.11 −0.07 and σ8 = 0.78 +0.11 −0.13 . In the case of a wCDM model, we find Ωm = 0.27 +0.07 −0.06 , σ8 = 0.81 +0.05 −0.06 and w = −1.3 +0.3 −0.4 , while in Mantz and collaborators they are again less tight Ωm = 0.24 +0.15 −0.07 , σ8 = 0.85 +0.13 −0.20 and w = −1.4 +0.4 −0.7 . Combining the XLF analysis with the fgas+CMB+SNIa data set results in the constraint Ωm = 0.269 ± 0.012, σ8 = 0.81 ± 0.021 and w = −1.02 ± 0.04, to be compared with Mantz and collaborators, Ωm = 0.269 ± 0.016, σ8 = 0.82 ± 0.03 and w = −1.02 ± 0.06. The tightness of the last constraints obtained by Mantz and collaborators, are fundamentally due to the tightness of the fgas+CMB+SNIa constraints and not to their XLF analysis. Our findings, consistent with w = −1, lend additional support to the cosmological-constant model.
A NEW PULSAR IN GREEN BANK TELESCOPE SEARCHES OF 10 GLOBULAR CLUSTERS

We report the results of pulsar searches in 10 globular clusters (GCs) using the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope. One new binary millisecond pulsar (MSP) has been discovered in NGC 5986 with Pspin = 2.6 ms, Porb = 1.3 days, and a minimum companion mass of 0.16 M☉. The companion is most likely a helium white dwarf. Eight of the GCs we searched have central densities <104 L☉ pc-3, making this a good sample for studying the pulsar content of low-density clusters. We find no evidence for pulsars in clusters with very low densities (<103 L☉ pc-3), consistent with theoretical predictions. Null results in many of the clusters we searched with moderate densities indicate that these systems do not contain a bright MSP. Two clusters in particular, one with very low metallicity, stand in contrast to theoretical calculations by Ivanova et al. We also find that three-body exchange interaction rates calculated by Phinney seem to overpredict the pulsar content in the clusters we studied.
THE GALAXY OPTICAL LUMINOSITY FUNCTION FROM THE AGN AND GALAXY EVOLUTION SURVEY

We present the galaxy optical luminosity function for the redshift range 0.05 < z < 0.75 from the AGN and Galaxy Evolution Survey, a spectroscopic survey of 7.6 deg2 in the Boötes field of the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey. Our statistical sample is composed of 12,473 galaxies with known redshifts down to I = 20.4 (AB). Our results at low redshift are consistent with those from Sloan Digital Sky Survey; at higher redshift, we find strong evidence for evolution in the luminosity function, including differential evolution between blue and red galaxies. We find that the luminosity density evolves as (1 + z)(0.54 ± 0.64) for red galaxies and (1 + z)(1.64 ± 0.39) for blue galaxies.
Quantitative atomic spectroscopy for primary thermometry

Quantitative spectroscopy has been used to measure accurately the Doppler broadening of atomic transitions in {sup 85}Rb vapor. By using a conventional platinum resistance thermometer and the Doppler thermometry technique, we were able to determine k{sub B} with a relative uncertainty of 4.1x10{sup -4} and with a deviation of 2.7x10{sup -4} from the expected value. Our experiment, using an effusive vapor, departs significantly from other Doppler-broadened thermometry (DBT) techniques, which rely on weakly absorbing molecules in a diffusive regime. In these circumstances, very different systematic effects such as magnetic sensitivity and optical pumping are dominant. Using the model developed recently by Stace and Luiten, we estimate the perturbation due to optical pumping of the measured k{sub B} value was less than 4x10{sup -6}. The effects of optical pumping on atomic and molecular DBT experiments is mapped over a wide range of beam size and saturation intensity, indicating possible avenues for improvement. We also compare the line-broadening mechanisms, windows of operation and detection limits of some recent DBT experiments.
Robust Virtual Sensors Design

The problem of robust virtual sensors design in linear systems under disturbance is studied. The suggested approach based on the reduced order model of the original system and singular value decomposition enables obtaining virtual sensor of minimal dimension insensitive or having minimal sensitivity to the disturbance. The problems is solved in three steps: at the first step, the linear model insensitive to the disturbance is designed; at the second step, a possibility to estimate the given variable is checked; finally, sliding mode observer is constructed. If the model insensitive to the disturbance does not exist, the minimal sensitivity is achieved. The theoretical results are illustrated by the example of three-tank system.
A High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Model of the Solar Photosphere Derived from Hinode Observations

A new three-dimensional model of the solar photosphere is presented in this paper and made publicly available to the community. This model has the peculiarity that it has been obtained by inverting spectro-polarimetric observations, rather than from numerical radiation hydrodynamical simulations. The data used here are from the spectro-polarimeter onboard the Hinode satellite, which routinely delivers Stokes I, Q, U and V profiles in the 6302 A spectral region with excellent quality, stability and spatial resolution (approximately 0.3"). With such spatial resolution, the major granular components are well resolved, which implies that the derived model needs no micro- or macro-turbulence to properly fit the widths of the observed spectral lines. Not only this model fits the observed data used for its construction, but it can also fit previous solar atlas observations satisfactorily.
Energy relaxation of hot Dirac fermions in graphene

We develop a theory for the energy relaxation of hot Dirac fermions in graphene. We obtain a generic expression for the energy relaxation rate due to electron-phonon interaction and calculate the power loss due to both optical and acoustic phonon emission as a function of electron temperature ${T}_{\text{e}}$ and density $n$. We find an intrinsic power loss weakly dependent on carrier density and nonvanishing at the Dirac point $n=0$, originating from interband electron-optical phonon scattering by the intrinsic electrons in the graphene valence band. We obtain the total power loss per carrier $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}--{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}\text{ }\text{W}$ within the range of electron temperatures $\ensuremath{\sim}20--1000\text{ }\text{K}$. We find optical (acoustic) phonon emission to dominate the energy loss for ${T}_{\text{e}}g(l)200--300\text{ }\text{K}$ in the density range $n={10}^{11}--{10}^{13}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$.
How early is early dark energy

We investigate constraints on early dark energy (EDE) from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropy, taking into account data from WMAP9 combined with latest small scale measurements from the South Pole Telescope (SPT). For a constant EDE fraction we propose a new parametrization with one less parameter but still enough to provide similar results to the ones previously studied in literature. The main emphasis of our analysis, however, compares a new set of different EDE parametrizations that reveal how CMB constraints depend on the redshift epoch at which Dark Energy was non negligible. We find that bounds on EDE get substantially weaker if dark energy starts to be non-negligible later, with early dark energy fraction Omega_e free to go up to about 5% at 2 sigma if the onset of EDE happens at z < 100. Tight bounds around 1-2% are obtained whenever dark energy is present at last scattering, even if its effects switch off afterwards. We show that the CMB mainly constrains the presence of Dark Energy at the time of its emission, while EDE-modifications of the subsequent growth of structure are less important.
An approach to the organizational strategic decision-moment in new product development

Purpose: To explain the strategic decision-moment behaviour from an organizational approach, particularly from the cross-functional integration in new product development processing. Design: The methodology is focused on agent-based simulation, particularly using NetLogo software. Virtual experiments were developed to identify the effect of the agents interactions with each other and with the environment. Results: The presence of prior information and the disposition of the interaction meetings among departments in the cross-functional integration processes have a decreasing impact on the number of steps required to reach an agreement, but the number of necessary decisional interactions is not affected. Limitations: The comprehension of the decision-moment that is made within this research process is focused on the organizational approach to the development of new products. It is interesting to contrast the results with other organizational approaches and with studies on real cases. Originality: Application of agentbased simulation on the functional understanding of the strategic decision-moment in the organizational context.
Feeding tannins to dairy cows in different seasons improves the oxidative status of blood plasma and the antioxidant capacity of cheese.

The aim of the present study was to assess the dietary supplementation of tannins to grazing dairy cows in 2 seasons characterized by a good quality pasture (spring) or a poor-quality pasture (summer). The effects of dietary tannins were assessed on plasma antioxidant status and cytokines profile and on the antioxidant properties of cheese and cheese in vitro digestates. Fourteen lactating dairy cows were divided into 2 homogeneous groups (n = 7): a control group (CON), and an experimental group (TAN) receiving 150 g/head per day of tannins supplementation. The experiment was performed twice, in spring and in summer. The animals were free to graze on spontaneous pasture (spring) or on dry stubble (summer). Blood was sampled at the beginning (d 0), at the midpoint (d 11), and at the end (d 22) of the trial. Individual cheese was produced before the beginning (d -1) and at the end (d 22) of the trial from the milk collected from each cow. On blood plasma, the reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM), biological antioxidant potential (BAP), nonesterified fatty acids quantification, and cytokines profile in terms of IL-10, IL-8, IL-1β, and IFN-γ were determined. Data on ROM demonstrated that tannins supplementation lowered oxidative stress both in spring and in summer. Accordingly, TAN diet increased BAP levels compared with the CON during summer trial. Thus, feeding tannins resulted in lower ratio between ROM and BAP (oxidative stress index) in both spring and summer. Cytokines' profile showed lower IL-1β values in TAN group at d 22 during spring season, with a concomitant higher IL-10 level, during summer season. Moreover, TAN group had a lower level of INF-γ in plasma than CON group, both in spring and in summer. On cheese samples, the in vitro digestion was performed and on cheese and cheese digestates (gastric and intestinal digestate) the free radical scavenging antioxidant activity were evaluated. The intestinal digestate fraction registered the highest antioxidant activity compared with cheese and gastric digestate, in both spring and summer seasons. Furthermore, an improvement of the antioxidant property of cheese and cheese digestates was found. Present data demonstrated that tannins supplementation contributed to reduce the oxidative stress of lactating dairy cows and showed an increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines ratio.
Probing fundamental physics with pulsars

Abstract Pulsars provide a wealth of information about General Relativity, the equation of state of superdense matter, relativistic particle acceleration in high magnetic fields, the Galaxy's interstellar medium and magnetic field, stellar and binary evolution, celestial mechanics, planetary physics and even cosmology. The wide variety of physical applications currently being investigated through studies of radio pulsars rely on: (i) finding interesting objects to study via large-scale and targeted surveys; (ii) high-precision timing measurements which exploit their remarkable clock-like stability. We review current surveys and the principles of pulsar timing and highlight progress made in the rotating radio transients, intermittent pulsars, tests of relativity, understanding pulsar evolution, measuring neutron star masses and the pulsar timing array
An asymptotically stable sensorless speed controller for non‐salient permanent magnet synchronous motors

A solution to the longstanding problem of sensorless control of an electrical machine is provided in this paper. That is, the construction of an asymptotically stable controller that regulates the mechanical speed of the motor, measuring only the electrical coordinates. The result is presented for a non‐salient permanent magnet synchronous motor perturbed by an unknown constant load torque. The proposed scheme is a fourth order nonlinear observer‐based controller that does not rely on—intrinsically nonrobust—operations like open‐loop integration of the systems dynamical model nor signal differentiation and can be easily implemented in real time. The controller is easy to commission, with the tuning gains directly determining the convergence rates of the position, speed, and load torque observers. Simulation and experimental results are presented. In particular, a comparison with a sensorless field‐oriented controller, recently proposed in the drives literature, is carried out. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation the effects of melatonin on induction of fertile estrus in anestrus Female dogs

The current study was carried out to investigate the ability of melatonin as subcutaneous (SC), implanted in the induction of fertile estrus in female dogs, and for monitoring serum concentration of estrogen and progesterone before and after induction. 20 adult local dogs involved 4 fertile males; female dogs were divided into two equal groups, as follows: the melatonin group was treated with Melatonin-implant single dose S/C(18mg/animal) for 30 days, and the control group was left without treatment. Before and after treatment, clinical examination and behaviors investigation and hormonal evaluation (estrogen and progesterone), animal response, duration of response, pregnancy rate, and parturition parameters. The results showed that increase significantly (P<0.05) in the concentration of progesterone and estrogen in the melatonin group during anestrus (before treatment) and during estrus (after treatment) as compared with the control group. The results of the clinical examination showed that the animal response recorded 100% and 28.5% in the melatonin and control groups, whereas the duration of response was significantly lowered (P<0.05) in the melatonin group compared with the control groups. Animal’s response recorded a significant increase (P<0.05) in the melatonin group 100% compared with the control group. While the duration of response was significantly longer (P<0.05) in the control group and significantly lower (P<0.05) in the melatonin group. The pregnancy rate was higher in the melatonin group compared with the control group, the number of offspring was 43 and 7 pups, and the sex of offspring recorded 48.24% and 71.4% male, 51.16%, and 28.6% females in female dogs treated with melatonin and control group respectively. In conclusion, the use of melatonin for induction of fertile estrus in anestrus female dogs was effective and safe, with a higher animal response, pregnancy rate, and animal response in melatonin implant groups better than in the control group (non-treatment).
Projectable Hořava–Lifshitz gravity in a nutshell

Approximately one year ago Hořava proposed a power-counting renormalizable theory of gravity which abandons local Lorentz invariance. The proposal has been received with growing interest and resulted in various different versions of Hořava-Lifshitz gravity theories, involving a colourful potpourri of new terminology. In this proceedings contribution we first motivate and briefly overview the various different approaches, clarifying their differences and similarities. We then focus on a model referred to as projectable Hořava–Lifshitz gravity and summarize the key results regarding its viability.
Comparison of electromagnetically induced transparency in lambda, cascade and vee three-level systems

We discuss the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in lambda, cascade and vee type three-level systems where the Hamiltonian and the Lindblad term of each configuration are expressed in the representation. At steady state, the Optical Bloch Equations of each configuration are solved to obtain the dispersion and absorption profiles of the probe field along with their group velocities. When the EIT condition is achieved at resonance, the population oscillation shows which of the bare states are contributing to form the dark state. Our study reveals that the dark state for the lambda and cascade system effectively coincides with the lowest bare state of that system, while for the vee system, it is a maximally superposed state of the middle and upper bare states.
Cobordismes d'immersions lagrangiennes et legendriennes

On calcule les groupes de cobordisme definis par V. I. Arnold pour les immersions lagrangiennes dans le fibre cotangent d’une variete : on les deduits des groupes correspondants dans le fibre cotangent de IRn, ceux-ci sont les groupes de cobordisme des varietes dont le fibre tangent complexifie est trivialise ; on etudie en detail les invariants algebriques lies a cette situation, et on donne des applications a la theorie enumerative des singularites lagrangiennes. On utilise ces resultats pour calculer les groupes de cobordisme pour les immersions legendriennes dans des varietes d’elements de contact. Les methodes mettent en jeu de nombreux aspects de la theorie du cobordisme et les resultats permettent de montrer l’existence d’immersions lagrangiennes ou legendriennes ayant certaines proprietes alors meme que fort peu d’exemples explicites sont connus.
Proceedings to the 'Euroconference on Symmetries Beyond the Standard Model',12. - 17. July 2003, Portoroz, Slovenia (Part 2 of 2)

Contents of Part 2: 11. Supersymmetric Grandunification and Fermion Masses (B. Bajc) 12. General Principles of Brane Kinematics and Dynamics (M. Pavsic) 13. Cosmological Neutrinos (G. Mangano) 14. The Problem of Mass (C.D. Froggatt) 15. How to Approach Quantum Gravity . (D. Grumiller and W. Kummer) 16. Hidden Spacetime Symmetries and Generalized Holonomy in M-theory (M.J. Duff and J.T. Liu) 17. On the Resolution of Space-Time Singularities II (M. Maceda and J. Madore) 18. The Multiple Point Principle (D.L. Bennett and H.B. Nielsen) 19. Dynamics of Glue-Balls in N = 1 SYM Theory (L. Bergamin) 20. Quantization of Systems with Continuous Symmetries . (M.V. Chichikina) 21. Singular Compactifications and Cosmology (L. Jaerv, T. Mohaupt and F. Saueressig) 22. Fundamental Physics and Lorentz Violation (R. Lehnert) 23. Functional Approach to Squeezed States . (L. Musongela) 24. Constraining the Curvaton Scenario (M. Postma) 25. D-Branes and Unitarity of Noncommutative Field Theories (A. Torrielli) 26. Spinorial Cohomology and Supersymmetry (D. Tsimpis) (Contents of Part 1: 1. Status of the Standard Model(P.H. Frampton), 2. Cosmological Constraints from MBA and Polarization (A. Melchiorri), 3. AdS/CFT Correspondence and Unification at About 4 TeV (P.H. Frampton), 4. New Solutions in String Field Theory (L. Bonora), 5. The Approach Unifying Spins and Charges (A. Borstnik Bracic and N. Mankoc Borstnik) 6. An Example . (N. Mankoc Borstnik and H.B. Nielsen) 7. Hierarchy Problem and a New Bound State(C.D. Froggatt and H.B. Nielsen) 8. What Comes Next? (Q. Shafi)9. Loops Versus Strings (E. Alvarez) 10. Fuzzy Two-dimensional Spaces(F. Lizzi))
Chloroplast DNA Diversity of Tunisian Barley Landraces as Revealed by cpSSRs Molecular Markers and Implication for Conservation Strategies

In Tunisia, barley local landraces are still cropped for human and animal consumption in some subsistence farming systems under marginal and stressed conditions. These high-value genetic resources present a potential source of resistance genes to biotic and abiotic stresses useful for both national and international breeders. Actually, they are represented by threatened small populations, which face a high risk of genetic erosion and progressive substitution by modern varieties. In this study, the genetic diversity of 60 Tunisian barley landraces was assessed using six chloroplast microsatellites. All loci were found polymorphic, with 2 or 3 alleles per locus. Thirteen alleles were detected across the studied sample, which were combined into 8 haplotypes, giving a haplotype diversity (Hd) of 0.847. High punctual and haplotype genetic diversity was observed for Tunisian barley landraces when compared to other germplasms from other regions of the world. The genetic structure analysis revealed two major clusters of Tunisian barley landraces, which confirms their multiorigin. This result was corroborated by the median-joining network showing the genetic relationships among the eight detected haplotypes. The AMOVA analysis revealed that 83% of the genetic variation is between populations, which requires the in situ and ex situ conservation of plant material for all Tunisian populations of barley landraces. Information on genetic variation within the chloroplast genome is of great interest to ensure an efficient conservation strategy that takes into account the preservation of the various maternal lineages of Tunisian barley.
Using Charged Particle Imaging to Study Ultracold Plasma Expansion

We develop a projection imaging technique to study ultracold plasma dynamics. We image the charged particle spatial distributions by extraction with a high‐voltage pulse onto a position‐sensitive detector. Measuring the 2D width of the ion image at later times (the ion image size in the first 20 μs is dominated by the Coulomb explosion of the dense ion cloud), we extract the plasma expansion velocity. These velocities at different initial electron temperatures match earlier results obtained by measuring the plasma oscillation frequency. The electron image size slowly decreases during the plasma lifetime because of the strong Coulomb force of the ion cloud on the electrons, electron loss and Coulomb explosion effects.