Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1 1 Contingent Convergence : The ability to detect convergent genomic 1 evolution is dependent on demographic similarity 2 3

11 Outlier scans, in which the genome is scanned for signatures of selection, have become a prominent 12 tool in studies of local adaptation, and more recently studies of genetic convergence in natural 13 populations. However, these methods have the potential to be confounded by features of 14 demographic history, which are considerably variable across natural populations. In this study, we 15 use forward-simulations to investigate and illustrate how several measures of genetic differentiation 16 commonly used in outlier scans (FST, DXY and Δπ) are influenced by demographic variation across 17 multiple sampling time points. In a factorial design with 32 treatments, we manipulate the strength 18 of bottlenecks (N of founding individuals), contractions (proportional size of diverging population) 19 and migration rate between an ancestral phenotype population and a diverging phenotype 20 population. Our results illustrate known constraints of individual measures associated with strong 21 contractions and a lack of gene-flow, but notably we demonstrate how relationships between 22 measures are similarly dependent on demography. We find that false-positive signals of convergent 23 evolution (the same simulated genes marked as outliers in independent treatments) are attainable 24 as a product of similar demographic treatment, and that convergent outliers across different 25 measures (particularly FST and DXY) are achievable with little influence of selection. The data 26 presented act as an illustrative guide of how underappreciated yet quantifiable measures of 27 demographic history influence commonly employed methods for detecting selection. 28 29
A high gain patch antenna based PN zero permeability metamaterial

A zero refractive index metamaterial is designed, and the zero refractive index is caused by the magnetic resonance. Based on the metamaterial, a zero index lens antenna is designed, fabricated, and measured. Due to the wave converging effect of the zero index lens, the gain of the new designed antenna reaches 11.7 and 4.8 dB higher than the original antenna without the lens. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1065–1069, 2014
Stochastic modelling of risk control operations for recovery of systems

The paper uses a discrete random variable and two sequences of nonnegative random variables formulating a stochastic model which is the maximum of a random number of stochastic multiplicative models. Sufficient conditions for the distribution function of the model are established. The paper also provides applications of this model assessing certain risk control operations applied to a random number of systems which have been affected by a major risk. Moreover, the paper makes clear that a concept of extreme value theory can contribute to the improvement of the applicability of risk management in a class of systems.
Life history and mortality factors of Agrilus mali Matsumura (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in wild apples in Northwestern China

Wild apple Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M. Roem. (Rosales: Rosaceae), the ancestor of cultivated apples, is widely distributed in Central Asia and is recognized as an important germplasm bank. Recently, the invasive pest Agrilus mali Matsumura (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), originally distributed in eastern Asia, has damaged endemic apple forests in the Yili River valley, Xinjiang, China, and has spread rapidly, infesting more than 80% of wild apple trees in this region. We investigated the life‐history traits and native natural enemies in the recently invaded range during 2016 and 2017. Agrilus mali has a univoltine life cycle and overwinters as young larvae in galleries in the cambium. Adults emerged from early June to mid‐August and their density peaked in mid‐July. Several native natural enemies were identified from Agrilus mali larvae, including Atanycolus denigrator (L.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), the mite Pyemotes moseri Yu et Liang (Acari: Pyemotidae) and fungal entomopathogens. Combined, these natural enemies were responsible for mortality rates ranging from 20% to 80% during the summer and autumn. The most abundant and important natural enemy was A. denigrator, which was responsible for up to 15% mortality of A. mali. The results of the present study suggest that augmentation and conservation of A. denigrator and P. moseri should be considered with respect to biological control against this devastating pest.
Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis among Married Women in Kalar District, Iraqi Kurdistan Region

Abstract Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an inflammatory disease, caused by polymicrobial infection, including pathogenic bacteria which replace the vaginal normal flora and finally this replacement causes manifestations of several physiological and clinical symptoms among women within different ages. BV has become one of the main problems that make woman patients visit gynecological and obstetric consultant hospitals in most country. The present study is designed to determine the causative pathogen and the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among married women patients in Kalar district. This cross-sectional study was performed from the beginning of March to the mid April-2021 among women who attended Obstetrics and Gynecological governmental hospital and out-patient clinics in Kalar City. Intra vaginal swabs have been collected in sterile Amies transport medium sticks and processed for isolation and identification of bacterial species depending on colony morphology, Gram’s stain and microbiological analysis protocols. Then socio-demographic and gynaecologic data were collected by questionnaire. Out of the 108 participant women who suffered from Gynecological diseases, 67(62.03%) of them exhibited bacterial vaginosis. From the 73 different isolated colonies, 18 bacterial species were identified; coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were the predominant cause of BV (32.84%), followed by E. coli (14.93%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.43%), Klebsiella pneumonia (8.96) and Micrococcus luteus (7.46%), while Proteus spp. and some uncommon bacteria display (1.49%) for each of them. The socio-demographic analysis between positive and negative woman patients revealed that the association between all studied risk factors and BV were statistically significant (P value < 0.05) except the age factor which was statistically non-significant meaning that the age was not associated with BV. In addition, the clinical symptom analysis showed that abnormal vaginal discharge, lower back pain, dysmenorrhea and strawberry were significantly associated with BV (P value < 0.05), while the rest of other factor did not exhibit statistically significant association.
Driving Factors behind Successful Carpool Formation and Use

Sustainable transportation options are receiving increasing attention in cities across North America because of rising commute times, fluctuating fuel prices, and increased awareness of the environmental impacts of transportation choices. Carpooling represents one of many possible alternatives to single-occupancy vehicle use for work or school trips. Recent attempts to encourage carpool formation in Canada include web-based applications that facilitate connections between potential carpoolers. One such example is Carpool Zone, a service provided by Smart Commute in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton area. The service is coordinated regionally by the Smart Commute Team at Metrolinx (the regional transportation planning authority) and is free and open to the public. Data are used from Smart Commute to investigate the carpool formation and use process. Results from a logistic regression analysis of carpool use suggest that spatial accessibility to matches, household auto ownership, and sociodemographics influence carpooling more than do proximity to carpool infrastructure and personal attitudes (e.g., concern for the environment, cost). With respect to policy and planning, results suggest that increasing shared knowledge about commuting patterns at the home end of work trips could yield beneficial returns to the carpool formation and use process.
The Importance of Continuity of Care Among Older Adults on Chronic Opioid Therapy

MAX MAUNEY: The Importance of Continuity of Care Among Older Adults on Chronic Opioid Therapy (Under the Direction of Dr. Yi Yang) Objective: The purpose of this study was to define continuity of care and prescriber characteristics among older adults with chronic non-cancer pain who are on long-term opioid therapy. Also, it will evaluate the connection between continuity of care and prescriber characteristics on the risk of opioid-related adverse events among older adults on chronic opioid therapy. The main goal is to observe the relationship between continuity and the related adverse events that may arise. Methods: This study utilized a nested case-control using a 5% random sample of the National Medicare data between 2012 and 2016. This data used a random sample of beneficiaries in the United States and included a plethora of information regarding their provider visits. The control group was defined as those who entered the study cohort but did not experience any related adverse events or death. There were two numerical ways to determine COC (COCI and HI). Statistical comparisons through a Chi-Square test and Conditional logistic regression models were used to visually compare COC and opioidrelated adverse events. Results: The mean COCI score was 0.65 in the 6-month period prior to cohort entry. Those with low COC were found to have higher odds of the outcome compared to those with higher COC. Those seeing a pain specialist had lower odds of the composite outcome. The adjusted results showed similar findings that were expected. Conclusion: It was found that there was a positive correlation between continuity of care and having less opioid-related adverse events for patients with CNCP. Also, provider specialty was not as significant to COC.
Analysis of Underactuated Mechanical Grippers

This paper presents the concept of underactuation applied to grippers and mechanical hands. The main objective of this work is the kinematic analysis and design of underactuated mechanisms. First, the kinematic and static modeling of these mechanisms is addressed and a general kinetostatic model is proposed. Then, a two-degree-of-freedom underactuated gripper based on a five-bar planar mechanism is studied in order to illustrate the usefulness of the model in a context of analysis and design.
Understanding of Tax & Religiosity to Tax Fraud

This study aims to test and prove the effect of understanding taxation and religiosity on tax fraud. The background is that the tax revenue target has not been achieved even though the number of taxpayers shows an increase. The independent variable used in this study is Tax Understanding and Religiosity, while the dependent variable is Tax Fraud Action. The sample of the study was taken from the population of individual taxpayers who reported SPT at KPP Pratama Serpong which was selected using the random sampling method. The types of data used are quantitative and qualitative with the discussion method using a mixed method. Before testing the hypothesis, the data goes through testing classical assumptions. The results of this study indicate that the understanding of taxation and religiosity has a significant effect on tax fraud. And from the results of the determination test, there is a strong relationship between the understanding of taxation and the religiosity of tax fraud.
A Survey of TQM Success Factors in the UK

There are many key factors suggested in the literature that have been attributed to the successful implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM) which include strong leadership, economic survival and global competition. Also, there are some underlying factors that exist within organizations that have a significant influence on the overall success. The aim of this research was to rank TQM success factors by reviewing the available literature and then performing two surveys. The first postal survey by questionnaire was carried out on the winning organizations of the European Quality Award (EQA) and the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA). The second survey was performed using 'enterprising' UK organizations to establish what was happening within UK industry. The conclusions of this research were that the findings from the literature were confirmed by the analysis of the surveys carried out. There are key factors that contribute to the successful implementation of TQM and these have different levels of importance. These key factors, in order of importance, are: effective leadership, application of best practice, economic survival, market orientation and employee involvement.
Successful Pregnancy and Persistent Polyclonal B Cell Lymphocytosis (PPBL): A Case Study of a Rare Co-Existence

Patient: Female, 35-year-old Final Diagnosis: Succesful pregnancy Symptoms: Pain • pregnancy Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Hematology • Obstetrics and Gynecology Objective: Unknown etiology Background: Persistent polyclonal B cell lymphocytosis (PPBL) is a benign clinical condition, which is characterized by persistent absolute polyclonal B lymphocytosis (>4.0 K/μL), with the presence of circulating binucleated lymphocytes on the peripheral blood smear and an extra 3 chromosome long arm i(3q) in most cases. Immunophenotype reveals the polyclonal population of B cell lymphocytes with expression of CD19, CD20, and CD22 antigens, and κ and λ immunoglobulin light chains. Patients are mostly asymptomatic. Although PPBL has a benign clinical course and does not affect the survival expectancy of most patients, pregnancy seems to be extremely rare in these patients, as only 1 case reported so far. Although the real role of immunologic disorders, possibly PPBL, in recurrent pregnancy losses remains unclear, the rarity of successful pregnancy in PPBL patients could be attributed to the possible association of PPBL with infertility or recurrent miscarriages. Case Report: In the present study we present the second published case of a woman with a typical PPBL and recurrent pregnancy loss with a successful pregnancy outcome. Close clinical and laboratory monitoring in combination with the administration of thromboprophylaxis and the induction of mild immunosuppression with low-dose prednisolone may have contributed to the successful outcome of the pregnancy. Conclusions: In conclusion and taking all these findings into consideration, pregnancy in patients with PPBL seems to be extremely rare and the contribution of PPBL to the 2 previous miscarriages in our case could not be excluded.
Comparative assessment of apically extruded debris using Protaper Next, Hyflex CM and EdgeFile X7 nickel titanium instruments (An in vitro Study)

Aim: To compare the amount of debris extruded after the use of three endodontic NiTi engine driven systems; Protaper Next, Hyflex CM and EdgeFile X7 rotary files. Material and Methods: A total number of 42 freshly extracted human premolars were selected. Teeth were randomly divided into three equal groups (14 teeth each group) according to type of Ni-Ti rotary file system; (A) Protaper Next, (B) Hyflex CM and (C) EdgeFile X7. Standard Access cavity prepared and checked for patency using K file #10 and #15. Root canal instrumentation on the single canal lower premolars was done. Debris was collected after root canal instrumentation in pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. The tubes were weighed 2 times on the analytical balance. First weight: Before instrumentation. Second weight: After evaporation of moisture and irrigant and incubation. Welch test was used for inter-group comparison. Results: No statistically significant difference was detected in the amounts of debris extrusion among the three groups Conclusion: All the tested endodontic rotary instruments caused apical extrusion of debris.
Investigation of Cooling-Air Injection on the Flow Field Within a Linear Turbine Cascade

In order to make clear how air injection influence the internal flows of turbine guide vanes, flows in a lagre-scale linear cascade were surveyed with secondary air injection from the locations of the blade leading-edge, and the rear of the suction and the pressure surfaces. The experimental results show that the secondary air interacts with the vortices in the cascade, alters the pressure distribution over blade profile and increases the energy loss obviously. It has been found that the air injection from the rear of the suction surface leads to the largest effect on the loss increase while the air injection from the rear of the pressure surface exerts the least influence. All the injections pertaining to the experiment have been found to have little effect on the exit flow angle. Effects on secondary flows, vortex intensity, and some averaged parameters are also discussed in this paper.Copyright © 1997 by ASME
Plume-Induced Subduction Initiation: Revisiting Models and Observations

Subduction initiation induced by a hot and buoyant mantle plume head is unique among proposed subduction initiation mechanisms because it does not require pre-existing weak zones or other forces for lithospheric collapse. Since recognition of the first evidence of subduction nucleation induced by a mantle plume in the Late Cretaceous Caribbean realm, the number of studies focusing on other natural examples has grown. Here, we review numerical and physical modeling and geological-geochemical studies which have been carried out thus far to investigate onset of a new subduction zone caused by impingement of a mantle plume head. As geological-geochemical data suggests that plume-lithosphere interactions have long been important - spanning from the Archean to the present - modeling studies provide valuable information on the spatial and temporal variations in lithospheric deformation induced by these interactions. Numerical and physical modeling studies, ranging from regional to global scales, illustrate the key role of plume buoyancy, lithospheric strength and magmatic weakening above the plume head on plume-lithosphere interactions. Lithospheric/crustal heterogeneities, pre-existing lithospheric weak zones and external compressional/extensional forces may also change the deformation regime caused by plume-lithosphere interaction.
System Identification for Small, Low-Cost, Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aircraft

This paper describes a practical system identification procedure for small, low-cost, fixed-wing unmanned aircraft. Physical size and cost restrictions limit the sensing capabilities of these vehicles. The procedure is demonstrated on an Ultra Stick 25e, therefore emphasizing a minimum complexity approach compatible with a low-cost inertial sensor. A linear model, obtained from the generic nonlinear equations of motion for aircraft, is used as a basis for system identification. This model is populated with results from a first principles analysis to form a baseline model. Flight experiments are designed using the baseline model and operational constraints to collect informative data. Parameters of the linear model are identified by fitting the model to frequency responses extracted from the data. The parameters are integrated into the nonlinear equations of motion, and both linear and nonlinear models are validated in the time domain. Verification of model accuracy is extended with a sensitivity and resid.
Co-Production within Child and Adolescent Mental Health: A Systematic Review

Background: Mental health services are currently experiencing much systemic and organisational change. Many countries have adopted a recovery approach to service provision through the development of national policies and frameworks. Within an Irish context, co-production has been identified as one of the four pillars required for services to become recovery orientated. However, there is a paucity of literature relating to the concept within child and adolescent mental health services. This paper aims to synthesise the peer-reviewed evidence on co-production within such services. Methods: A PRISMA compliant systematic review was undertaken. This includes how the reviewer retrieved, shortlisted, and selected studies for inclusion in the review. It outlines the inclusion/exclusion criteria and how these were further developed through the PICO framework. Finally, the methods also outline how the reviewer assessed bias and quality, as well as the process of data synthesis. Results: Two studies were included in this review, both focusing on co-production, but in different contexts within child and adolescent mental health. Two themes were identified: ‘road less travelled’ and ‘co-producing equality’. These themes and the associated sub-themes describe how co-production works in these services. Discussion: These results highlight the paucity of quality literature in co-production within child and adolescent mental health. Both studies scored poorly in terms of quality. Resulting from this review, a number of actions relating to the therapeutic environment need to be taken into account for co-production to be further implemented. Other: The reviewer has not received any funding for this paper. A protocol was not created or registered for this review.
Application of Kozeny–Kovàcs Model to Predict the Hydraulic Conductivity of Permeable Pavements

Permeable pavements provide a frictional surface for vehicles during rainfall runoff and function as a porous infrastructure interface, allowing the infiltration and evaporation of rainfall runoff, as well as treatment of pollutants when designed for solute and particulate separation. The hydraulic conductivity (ksat) of permeable pavement is an important hydraulic property. A series of empirical and pore structure models using constant head and pore-based measurements, including total porosity (φt), effective porosity (φe), and pore size distribution indices generated through X-ray tomography (XRT) were used to study permeable pavement. XRT results indicate that the pore matrix is heterodisperse, with φt ≠ φe. Results indicate that the traditional models based on a simple pore structure do not reproduce measured ksat values. More complex pore structure models, even with modification from the original form, gave better results. A modified Kozeny-Kovàcs model was used to reproduce the measured ksat values. The modified model introduces φe and the characteristic pore diameter (De) instead of φt and specific surface area, respectively. Such permeable pavement pore structure parameters with the modified Kozeny-Kovàcs model can be predicted. These results can be useful in the design stage of permeable pavement when a target value of ksat is desired to obtain both friction benefits to improve vehicle safety in wet conditions and to control the infiltration-evaporation of rainfall. The ksat results are combined with continuous simulation modeling using historical rainfall for a Cincinnati, Ohio, highway site on I-75 to provide results illustrating permeable pavement as a low impact development infrastructure component in the highway environment.