Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE STRATEGY OF MEANING NEGOTIATION IN PRAGMATIC CLASS

This article deals with the analysis of how the strategy of meaning negotiation engage in students’ interaction in pragmatic class, In conducting this study the writers used qualitative research in which descriptive study as the method of the study. Moreover, observation and interview were the instruments used in collecting the data. Based on the results, It was concluded that the meaning negotiation engage the students’ interaction in pragmatic classroom. The students engage emotionally, behaviourally, and cognitively. In addition, the interaction occured between teacher-students and students-students. Furthermore, some problems encountered by the teacher in implementing meaning negotiation strategy in pragmatic class were students’ understanding in comprehending the vocabulary, idiom, and meaning. It means that the teacher used to translate the material of English pragmatic material into Indonesian language. Morever, ther writers suggest to further researchers to investigate kinds of students engagement occured in English teaching
Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea) Landraces Based on Seed Storage Proteins Electrophoretic Pattern

Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) is a leguminous crop that is considered underutilized and has previously received little research attention. Variability in a number of physiological factors, including germination rate, widely affects its production. Seed storage protein, its fractions and protein profile of six Bambara groundnut local landraces were studied to assess their genetic relatedness. Total seed storage protein and its fractions were estimated by Bradford’s method. SDS-PAGE analysis was used to evaluate storage protein profile. The results showed significant differences (p<0.05) in protein contents among the landraces. The major seed storage proteins were found to be globulins (0.048 to 0.088mg/mL ), albumins (0.023 to 0.038mg/mL ), glutelins (0.007 to 0.013mg/mL ) and prolamins (0.002 to 0.004mg/mL ). Five peptide bands were detected with molecular weights corresponding to 97.4 kDa, 45 kDa, 29 kDa, 20.1 kDa and 18 kDa, respectively. Three peptide bands corresponding to 97.4 kDa, 45 kDa and 18 kDa were detected in all the landraces and two peptide bands between 29 kDa and 20.1 kDa were detected in five landraces. Dendrogram generated by UPGMA grouped the six landraces into one major cluster with two sub-clusters. The observed diversity in storage protein pattern of the landraces indicated their potential as materials for crop improvement.
Signalling and Legitimacy Theories for Explaining Climate Information Disclosure by Russian Companies

This paper studies the factors influencing the level of climate-related disclosure by Russian companies. It has several distinctive features in comparison to previous works: 1) climate change disclosure by Russian companies is studied for the first time; 2) textual analysis is used to evaluate the level of disclosure, and a new Russian glossary on climate change is compiled; 3) a unique set of indicators is used to assess the impact of factors on climate change disclosure. Legitimacy and signalling theories are used to formulate the hypotheses. The sample consists of 47 Russian companies with the largest market capitalization. Their 235 annual and sustainability reports for 2015-2019 are analysed. Using regression analysis, we show that a company’s absolute amount of greenhouse gas emissions, size, industry affiliation, and CDPrating positively affect its level of disclosure about climate change. In contrast, state ownership and a high debt burden have a negative impact. At the same time, the newness of assets, capital expenditures, interest coverage and company growth opportunities have no effect on climate change disclosure. Empirical results have confirmed the applicability of legitimacy theory to the Russian market. The present study will provide investors and regulators with tools for predicting a company’s impact on climate based on its level of climate change disclosure.
The Potential Uses of Curcumin and PMSG Hormones to Increase Egg Production of Muscovy Ducks through Increasing Estradiol Concentrations and Shortening Laying Rest Period

The aim of this research was to study the effects of curcumin administration, injection of PMSG hormone, and the combination of curcumin supplementation and PMSG injection on the physiological parameters and performance of female Muscovy ducks. The objects of this research were 40 young female Muscovy ducks, aged 24 weeks, subjected to treatments: control (P1), curcumin supplementation at a dose of 24 mg/100 g feed (P2), intramuscular injection of PMSG hormone at a dose of 0.015 mL/hen (P3), and the combination of curcumin and PMSG (P4). The results showed that the treatment gave nonsignificant improvements in Muscovy duck performances, including feed consumption, egg production, and the day of laying period and molting period. Treatment gave a significant increase in serum estradiol concentration at molting period after treatment. This study concluded that the treatment provides no significant improvement in the performance of female Muscovy ducks because the genetic diversity of Indonesian ducks remains high.
Is dialogic teaching sustainable? Portrait of a teacher three years after completing a teacher development programme

This study deals with the question of whether a change in classroom discourse implemented through teacher professional development (TPD) is sustainable over time. I studied one teacher’s practices and thinking three years after completing a TPD programme focused on dialogic teaching. The data were collected through interviews with the teacher and video recordings of her lessons. The data showed that the teacher continued with dialogic teaching, but she appropriated and modified the concept of dialogic teaching to serve her own needs and preferences. The way the teacher overcame obstacles to sustaining the implemented change is discussed in the study.1 Klara Sedova is a Professor in Education at Masaryk University in the Czech Republic. She is leading a research team that has been working for more than ten years in the field of classroom dialogue and interaction studies. The team has conducted ethnographic observations in Czech schools as well as interventional studies and large-scale surveys. Currently, She is interested in the link between individual student talk during lessons and the learning achievements of those students. Email: ksedova@phil.muni. cz
Assessing the Attitude of Farmers towards Improved Fodder Production Technologies in Jhansi District of Bundelkhand Region

The present study was carried out in 2020 with the aim of assessing farmer's attitude towards improved fodder production technology in Jhansi district of Bundelkhand region. An ex post Facto research design was used in the present study. Three villages from Babina block were selected purposively for investigation of farmer’s attitude towards various fodder based technological intervention. From each village, 20 farmers were purposively selected. Thus, a total of 60 farmers were selected for the present study. The results revealed that majority of the respondents belonged in middle age category (58.33%), more than one third had middle class education (36.67%), medium family size (53.34%), semi-medium land holding (41.67%), percentage of the respondents involved in dairy+crop farming (100%), medium herd size (53.33%), medium experience in dairy farming (51.67%) and medium annual income i.e. Rupees 155000 to 350000 (53.34%). The results revealed that majority of the participants who had high, moderate and low attitude towards improved fodder production technologies were 16.67, 23.33 and 15.00% respectively. It was concluded that, Original Research Article Singh et al.; AJAEES, 39(8): 1-6, 2021; Article no.AJAEES. 71497 2 there was an inclination of positive response and concern for improved fodder technologies among respondents and vast majority of the respondents (85.00 %) had a moderately to highly favorable attitude.
Biomass and grain yield in triticale varieties in the Mexicali valley

The Mexicali valley is an important region in the production of meat and milk of bovine origin with acceptance in other countries, mainly the United States of America, Japan and Korea. For this reason, quality forage is required to feed cattle such as triticale, used in various areas of Mexico; however, in the Mexicali valley, there is no information on agronomic behavior. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dry biomass and grain yield of 10 varieties of triticale in the 20142015 and 2015-2016 A-W cycles, in the Mexicali valley. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with three replications. 10 varieties of triticale of different growth types were evaluated, 4 spring, 2 facultative, 4 winter and oats. In the first evaluation cycle, the highest total biomass production corresponded to the variety AN105 and AN125 with 10.7 and 10.5 t ha, in grain yield the varieties AN105, AN38, AN125, AN31B, ABT and Eronga produced from 7.3 to 5.4 t ha. For the second cycle, the superior varieties in total biomass were AN31B, ABT, AN38, AN34, AN31P and Eronga with 6 to 4.9 t ha and in grain yield AN38, AN123, Eronga and AN125 from 4.1 to 3.1 t ha. In conclusion, the winter varieties AN31B and AN34 showed potential for the production of total biomass, the facultative variety AN38 and the spring varieties AN125 and Eronga, showed superiority in grain yield in the two evaluation cycles.
The analysis of electrolyte chemistry pictorial material in lower secondary chool chemistry textbooks in Slovenia based on developed quality criteria

The textbook as a learning tool and learning resource contributes significantly to the effectiveness of the teaching or learning process itself, while at the same time promotes and facilitates independent learning. The main purpose of this research was to develop quality criteria after which textbooks for Chemistry in lower secondary school were evaluated. This paper presents the analysis of electrolyte chemistry pictorial material presented in chemistry textbooks. When it comes to validating textbooks in Slovenia, there are no unified criteria. The development of the criteria included an overview of the objectives set in the chemistry curriculum. Criteria were made for textbooks used in 8th and 9th grade of lower secondary school (students age 13–15 years). Chemistry textbooks were validated in the school year 2018/2019. When analysing criteria related to textbook representations, the sub-microscopic representations and hybrid representations are the least common features in the textbooks. Received 3/2021 Revised 5/2021 Accepted 5/2021
Designing & Validating a Model of Organizational Policy Perception Indicators Based on Political Ethics

Background: Organizational politics within organizations, like the power around the manager, is broad and widespread, and managers consider political behavior as a part of organizational life that is inevitable, and on the other hand, the impact of ethics on social and especially political behaviors is undeniable. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design and validate organizational policy indicators based on political ethics. Method: The method of the present study was integrated (qualitative and quantitative) and in terms of purpose was applied research. The qualitative section consisted of experts with experience in the field of political behavior who interviewed 11 people using purposive sampling. The texts of the interviews were also analyzed by coding method. In the quantitative part, the statistical population was the heads and experts of the Ministry of Interior (101 people). The sample size was selected based on Morgan and Krejcie table of 80 people by random sampling method. The research instrument was a completed questionnaire with 3 dimensions, 10 components and 99 indicators, the reliability of which was obtained by Cronbach's alpha test of 0.91. Structural equations with Smart Pls software were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that the organizational, personal and job dimensions had (0.57, 0.44, 0.37) direction coefficient in the organizational policy model based on political ethics, respectively, and the research variables could be 0.66, the perception variable. Predict organizational policy based on political ethics. Also, the overall fit of the model was evaluated at a very high level (GOF = 0.59). Conclusion: The model of perception of organizational policy indicators based on political ethics with 3 dimensions and 10 components has a good fit and can be considered as a suitable model of political behavior in public and private organizations in Iran.
The Effects of State and Federal Funding on K-12 Small School Consolidation: A Quantitative Analysis and Qualitative Comparison

“The Effects of State and Federal Funding on K-12 Small School Consolidation: A Quantitative Analysis and Qualitative Comparison” Erik Muckey Director: Dr. Kathryn Birkeland, Ph.D. Since 2000, the number of South Dakota K-12 school districts has decreased from 176 to 151, the most pronounced decline since the early 1970s. Meanwhile, at the forefront of South Dakota education is an ongoing discussion of adequate education funding, noted by the recent case Davis, Davis et. al v. South Dakota (2011). Given the decline in school districts and funding concerns, this work considers the extent to which state and federal funding mechanisms are significant factors in small school (K-12) consolidation with particular emphasis on the South Dakota K-12 funding formula. This paper uses interdisciplinary approaches to develop a holistic view of school finance as it relates to school consolidation, reorganization, or dissolution decisions in the state of South Dakota. Linear probability models (LPMs) are used along with difference-in-means tests to analyze school district data between FY2000 and FY2012, determining which financial and nonfinancial factors may best explain a district’s decision to consolidate. This quantitative analysis is used in conjunction with interviews of school administrators with prior consolidation experience, creating an unprecedented overview of small school consolidation that bridges statistical inference with practical realities facing South Dakota school districts.
Alexander Marcet

Alexander John Gaspar Marcet (1770-185) un médico y químico suizo-inglés que estudió en detalle las aguas de diferentes océanos y lagos, en particular las del Mar Muerto; con Berzelius determinó las propiedades y composición correcta del bisulfuro de carbono y las propiedades refrigerantes de su vaporización; diseño una poderosa lámpara de alcohol; estudió la síntesis del tricloruro de nitrógeno, comparó la composición del quilo producido por dietas estrictamente vegetales o carnívoras, y confirmó la opinión (equivocada) de Wollaston de que la sangre de un diabético no contenía azúcar y que ella pasaba directamente del estómago a los riñones, sin participación del torrente sanguíneo.
CSR DISCLOSURE AND COST OF CAPITAL : THE MEDIATING ROLE OF EARNINGS QUALITY

This study aims to analyze the effect of CSR disclosure on the cost of capital with earnings quality as mediating variable. CSR disclosure was measured by Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards. The cost of capital was measured by the cost of equity and the cost of debt. Meanwhile, earnings quality was measured by absolute abnormal accruals. The population of this research is mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2017-2019. Based on the purposive sampling method, the samples chosen are 32 companies with a total sample of 96 data. This study used multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 25 version software and path analysis using the Sobel online calculator. This study showed that CSR disclosure has a direct negative effect on the cost of equity but does not affect the cost of debt. Firms with better CSR disclosure have better earnings quality. Earnings quality does not affect both costs of capital proxies. Earnings quality does not have a mediating role in the effect of CSR disclosure on both costs of capital proxies.
Thermal imaging evaluation of the felines paw pad temperature before and after walking: A pilot study

The purposes of this pilot study were to explore the temperature changes of the paw pads in healthy cats before and after a 6-min walking test (6MWT), and to further compare the accuracy of the point and line region of interest (ROI) selection methods of the thermal imaging. Five healthy intact cats were recruited and trained to run on the treadmill, and to keep still during the standing phase on a glass panel when capturing thermographic imaging data. The paw pad temperature was recorded using a thermal camera and then analysed using both the point and line ROI before and after the 6MWT. The symmetry index (SI) between the limbs (left and right) was further calculated. Compared to the baseline, there were significant increases in the paw pad temperature of the forelimbs (point of left P < 0.001, point of right P = 0.048, point of average P = 0.002, line of left P < 0.001, line of right P = 0.007, line of average P < 0.001), hindlimbs (point of left P < 0.001, point of right P < 0.001, point of average P < 0.001, line of left P < 0.001, line of right P < 0.001, line of average P < 0.001), and average value after the 6MWT both using the point and line ROI selection methods. However, there is no temperature difference between the point and line ROI either before or after the 6MWT. In addition, no difference in the SI was found between the baseline and post-test or between the point and line ROI. These results preliminarily indicated that a 6WMT and thermal imaging could be a good combination for further clinical practices to recognise lameness or any other gait disabilities in cats, and both the point and line ROI selection methods can be considered when analysing thermographic data.
The Use of Eye-tracking in Science Textbook Analysis: A Literature Review Použití eye-trackingu v analýze učebnic pro přírodovědné předměty: přehledová studie

Contemporarily available technology has provided researchers with quite an accessible method to see through students’ eyes. This offers researchers the chance to re-evaluate teaching materials in terms of their potential function, one that has been largely overlooked. This study presents a literature review drawing on science textbooks that use the eye-tracking method. Relevant journal articles or conference papers indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus databases were selected. From the original 112 papers, 18 were submitted to a thorough analysis after duplicate papers and papers not conforming to the topic were excluded. The studies’ characteristics, topics (influence of textbook design on student learning, distribution of attention, textbook effect etc.) and used methods (the device and measurement, additional methods, methodological issues) are included in the review. (Novice) science education researchers, state officers responsible for textbook evaluation, textbook authors and even teachers can profit from this overview, as it clearly indicates the state of the art as well as potential research directions. Received 3/2021 Revised 5/2021 Accepted 6/2021
Dental caries and its association with increasing water fluoride concentration in district Rudraprayag, Uttarakhand

Background: Evidence from scientific literature confirms both beneficial and detrimental effects of fluoride on human health with only a narrow range between intakes associated with these effects. The limits of this range have been controversial among researchers since the 1930s. Considering this, the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit of fluoride in India has been reduced from 1.5 to 1.0 mg/l in 1998. This study aimed to evaluate the association between increasing water fluoride levels and dental caries prevention on permanent teeth.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 1400 children (aged 6–19 years). Caries experience and dental fluorosis were recorded using DMFT/deft and Dean's index respectively. Also, fluoride concentration in drinking water was analyzed. Around 14.4% of children had dental caries with maximum frequency among 9-10 years of age. A significant negative correlation between caries experience and water fluoride level was found (p<0.05), with the lowest DMFT scores at the fluoride level of 0.61–2 mg/l and the highest at 0.0–0.3 mg/l. Whereas, high prevalence of dental fluorosis was observed above 0.7 mg/l.Results: The study revealed that the presence of 0.3-0.7 mg/l fluoride in drinking water reduces dental caries, without an objectionable rise in dental fluorosis.Conclusions: It can be suggested that fluoride has anticaries property but due to a ‘narrow therapeutic window’ of 0.3-0.7 mg/l, in a country like India where endemic fluorosis is prevalent, its topical application should be encouraged which is almost equally effective with less systemic adverse effects.
The Effect of Education and R D on Tourism Spending in OECD Countries: An Empirical Study

The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the effects of education and research and development (R&D) on tourism spending in a sample of OECD countries. The analyses were performed on the basis of data on tourism spending and data on education and R&D. The research included 36 OECD countries, which were analysed for the period 2010-2019. Robust estimation was used in the panel data models. The results revealed the effect of R&D on leisure tourism spending (R&D→LTS) and the effect of R&D on visitor exports (foreign spending) (R&D→VEFS) with positive coefficients. On this basis, it can be concluded that improvements in R&D can lead to increased leisure tourism spending as well as foreign spending. The countries such as Latvia, Chile, the Slovak Republic, Mexico, Lithuania, Turkey, Poland, Greece, Estonia, and Hungary have a great potential for an improvement in R&D, which may also result in a growth of tourism spending. The research was focused on the macroeconomic perspective of education and R&D and their effect on tourism spending as key economic indicators. The study provides interesting findings that are useful for policy makers in revitalizing the tourism sector through the effective implementation of policies and strategies aimed at increasing tourism spending. The study also enriches and contributes to the knowledge about the relationships between economic development and the development of the tourism sector.
Chemical constituents of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC

From the ethyl acetate extract of the rhizomes from Belamcanda chinensis (Iridaceae) five compounds irisflorentin ( 1 ), tectorigenin ( 2 ), iristectorigenin A ( 3 ), irigenin ( 4 ), and acetovanillone( 5 ) were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. This is first report of 5 from B. chinensis. Keywords: Belamcanda chinensis, Iridaceae, acetovanillone.