Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of formulations of the homogeneous nucleation rate on ice nucleation events in cirrus

Abstract. Homogeneous freezing of solution droplets is an important pathway of ice formation in the tropopause region. The nucleation rate can be parameterized as a function of water activity, based on empirical fits and some assumptions on the underlying properties of super-cooled water, although a general theory is missing. It is not clear how nucleation events are influenced by the exact formulation of the nucleation rate or even their inherent uncertainty. In this study we investigate the formulation of the nucleation rate of homogeneous freezing of solution droplets (1) to link the formulation to the nucleation rate of pure water droplets, (2) to derive a robust and simple formulation of the nucleation rate, and (3) to determine the impact of variations in the formulation on nucleation events. The nucleation rate can be adjusted, and the formulation can be simplified to a threshold description. We use a state-of-the-art bulk ice microphysics model to investigate nucleation events as driven by constant cooling rates; the key variables are the final ice crystal number concentration and the maximum supersaturation during the event. The nucleation events are sensitive to the slope of the nucleation rate but only weakly affected by changes in its absolute value. This leads to the conclusion that details of the nucleation rate are less important for simulating ice nucleation in bulk models as long as the main feature of the nucleation rate (i.e. its slope) is represented sufficiently well. The weak sensitivity of the absolute values to the nucleation rate suggests that the amount of available solution droplets also does not crucially affect nucleation events. The use of only one distinct nucleation threshold function for analysis and model parameterization should be reinvestigated, since it corresponds to a very high nucleation rate value, which is not reached in many nucleation events with low vertical updrafts. In contrast, the maximum supersaturation and thus the nucleation thresholds reached during an ice nucleation event depend on the vertical updraft velocity or cooling rate. This feature might explain some high supersaturation values during nucleation events in cloud chambers and suggests a reformulation of ice nucleation schemes used in coarse models based on a purely temperature-dependent nucleation threshold.
Maximal functions, potentials and singular integrals in grand Morrey spaces

We introduce grand Morrey spaces and establish the boundedness of Hardy–Littlewood maximal, Calderón–Zygmund and potential operators in these spaces. In our case the operators and grand Morrey spaces are defined on quasi-metric measure spaces with doubling measures. The results are new even for Euclidean spaces.
Comparison of Manual Toothbrushes with Different Bristle Designs in Terms of Cleaning Efficacy and Plaque Control: A Pilot Study

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the cleaning efficacy and plaque control of the straight and angled bristle design manual toothbrushes. Materials and Methods: It was a pilot randomized trial comprising 30 dental students divided into 2 groups (group I flat bristle design toothbrush and group II zig-zag bristle design toothbrush) with 15 in each group. Prebrushing and postbrushing plaque scores were recorded at the baseline and at the end of 4 weeks using Turesky modification of Quigley and Hein plaque index. Results: Plaque and gingival scores were reduced significantly at 1 month in group II with P < 0.05 than compared to group I where P > 0.05. Mean GI and plaque scores of the criss-cross design were reduced significantly after 1 month (P < 0.05). Intergroup comparisons revealed that plaque and gingival scores significantly reduced (P < 0.05) at 1-month interval. Conclusion: Bristle design has significant impact on plaque removal capacity of a toothbrush. Toothbrush with zig-zag bristle design is efficient in removing plaque than the flat design of a toothbrush.
A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study on Raised Homocysteine Level in Vitiligo Patients and Its Association With Disease Severity

Introduction Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder clinically manifested by circumscribed depigmented macules and often associated with leucotrichia. Not much is known about the biochemical abnormality occurring in vitiligo. Our study aims to determine whether serum homocysteine is raised in vitiligo patients and whether it can be used as a prognostic marker for vitiligo. Material and methods This study is a hospital-based, case-control, analytical study conducted on 70 patients of vitiligo patients. A total of 30 staff of the hospital served as control. Venous blood was withdrawn from the antecubital vein from all study participants using all aseptic precautions. Investigation of blood homocysteine levels was done in all the study participants. Scoring of vitiligo was done based on Vitiligo European Task Force (VETF) criteria which take into account body surface area, stage, and spread. Results Mean serum homocysteine level among vitiligo patients was 14.40± 5.80 micromoles/lit as compared to 10.33± 5.05 micromole/lit in control groups, and this difference was statistically significant (t-value = 3.19and p-value = 0.002). The correlation coefficient was statistically significant (correlation coefficient = 0.25 and p-value = 0.03) in between homocysteine level and stage of the disease. On multiple comparisons difference in serum homocysteine level of progressing category is significantly raised as compared to control, stable, and regressing categories. Conclusion The mean serum homocysteine level among all vitiligo patients was higher as compared to control groups. Moreover, the serum homocysteine level of active cases is significantly higher as compared to control, stable, and regressing categories. Also, serum homocysteine levels showed a positive correlation with the degree of depigmentation, i.e., stage of the disease.
The Design of a Novel Digital Puzzle Gaming System for Young Children’s Learning by Interactive Multi-Sensing and Tangible User Interfacing Techniques

In the fast-developing digital era, improving young children’s learning abilities by information technology has become a goal of early childhood education. Accordingly, a novel digital puzzle gaming system for young children’s learning is proposed, which is based on interactive multi-sensing and tangible user interfacing techniques. Three childhood education factors—digital learning, puzzle gaming, and interactive interfacing—are considered in the system design. Firstly, the needs in the development of the physical and mental functions, as well as the cognition and learning capabilities, of children aged 4–6 years are reviewed. Next, the existing studies of digital gaming for education are analyzed. Then, the proposed system was constructed to combine visual, auditory, and animation interfaces for easy uses by young children. The effectiveness of the system for young children’s learning was evaluated statistically using the SPSS based on the users’ and experts’ opinions collected from the methods of behavior observation, interview, and questionnaire survey. Several facts about young children’s learning have been found: (1) simple tangible interfaces can bring forth good gaming experiences to children; (2) rich visual and sound effects can enhance game-playing pleasures; (3) digital puzzle gaming have positive impacts on learning in early childhood education. In conclusion, the design of a digital puzzle gaming system like the proposed one with simple and physical interactive interfacing can bring forth a good gaming experience to children, and rich visual and sound effects can enhance the game-playing pleasure, indicating that digital puzzle gaming has a positive impact on young children’s learning in early childhood education.
Factorization of invertible matrices over rings of stable rank one

Abstract Every invertible n-by-n matrix over a ring R satisfying the first Bass stable range condition is the product of n simple automorphisms, and there are invertible matrices which cannot be written as the products of a smaller number of simple automorphisms. This generalizes results of Ellers on division rings and local rings.
Evaluating the efficacy of upadacitinib in patients with moderate rheumatoid arthritis: a post-hoc analysis of the SELECT phase 3 trials

Abstract Objectives Moderately active RA is associated with poor patient outcomes. Despite this, some health systems have restricted access to advanced therapies to those with severe RA. There is also limited evidence of the efficacy of advanced therapies in the moderately active RA population. This post-hoc analysis from four phase 3 trials explored the efficacy of upadacitinib (UPA) for moderately active RA. Methods Patients included in this analysis received UPA 15 mg once daily [monotherapy after switching from MTX or in combination with stable background conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs)] or placebo. Clinical, functional and radiographic outcomes were analysed separately for patients with moderate disease activity {28-joint count DAS using CRP [DAS28(CRP)] of >3.2 and ≤5.1} and severe disease activity [DAS28(CRP) >5.1]. Results Patients with moderate disease activity who received UPA 15 mg (combination or monotherapy) after an inadequate response to biologic DMARDs and/or csDMARDs were significantly more likely to achieve a 20% improvement in the ACR response criteria, low disease activity status [DAS28(CRP) ≤ 3.2] or clinical remission [DAS28(CRP) < 2.6] by week 12/14 vs placebo. Statistically significant improvements in patient-reported functioning and pain from baseline were observed for UPA 15 mg vs placebo at week 12/14. Radiographic progression was also significantly reduced at week 26 compared with placebo. Similar improvements were observed for severe disease. Conclusion This analysis provides support for the use of UPA for the treatment of patients with moderate RA. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: SELECT-NEXT: NCT02675426; SELECT-COMPARE: NCT02629159; SELECT-MONOTHERAPY: NCT02706951; SELECT-BEYOND: NCT02706847.
Natural Zeolites for the Sorption of Ammonium: Breakthrough Curve Evaluation and Modeling

The excessive use of ammonium fertilizer and its associated leakage threatens aquatic environments around the world. With a focus on the treatment of drinking water, the scope of this study was to evaluate and model the breakthrough curves for NH4+ in zeolite-filled, fixed-bed columns. Breakthrough experiments were performed in single- and multi-sorbate systems with the initial K+ and NH4+ concentrations set to 0.7 mmol/L. Breakthrough curves were successfully modeled by applying the linear driving force (LDF) and Thomas models. Batch experiments revealed that a good description of NH4+ sorption was provided by the Freundlich sorption model (R2 = 0.99), while unfavorable sorption was determined for K+ (nF = 2.19). Intraparticle diffusion was identified as the rate limiting step for NH4+ and K+ during breakthrough. Compared to ultrapure water, the use of tap, river, and groundwater matrices decreased the treated bed volumes by between 25% and 69%—as measured at a NH4+ breakthrough level of 50%. The concentrations of K+ and of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were identified as the main parameters that determine NH4+ sorption in zeolite-filled, fixed-bed columns. Based on our results, the LDF and Thomas models are promising tools to predict the breakthrough curves of NH4+ in zeolite-filled, fixed-bed columns.
Investigating The Mediating Role of Financial Literacy on The Relationship Between Women Entrepreneurs’ Behavioral Biases and Investment Decision Making

This study investigates the theoretical link between heuristic behavioral factors and the investment decision-making of women entrepreneurs, focusing on the impor­tance of financial literacy as a potential mediator shaping prudent decision-making. We argue that women’s financial literacy is an efficient way to apply behavioral considerations in wise decision making. Using the proportionate stratified sampling method, we collect­ed data from women entrepreneurs who were formally registered in Punjab Province, Pakistan. Owing to the complex model and small sample size, the smart PLS method was applied to analyze the structural relationship between the measured and latent con­structs. The results show that overconfidence and availability heuristics have a significant positive impact on investment decisions, while financial literacy plays an essential inter­vening role between the overconfidence heuristic, availability heuristic, and investment decision-making. Our results support the execution of financial literacy awareness among women entrepreneurs to stimulate their financial decision control and give them the in­dependence to make prudent financial decisions.
DETERMINANTS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION WITH PURCHASE DECISIONS AS INTERVENING VARIABLES

This study aims to know role of purchase decision as a mediating effect between relationship marketing, food quality and quality service on customer satisfaction, the sampling used 100 respondents. The data was analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS) which consists of two stages, outer model and the inner model with the help of the SmartPLS program. 3.2 The results show that Relationship Marketing has significant effect on customer satisfaction. Relationship Marketing has significant effect on purchasing decisions. Service Quality has significant effect on customer satisfaction. Purchase decisions have significant effect on customer satisfaction. Relationship Marketing through Purchase Decisions has significant effect on Customer Satisfaction. With the results of this study, it is hoped that it can be used as input and evaluation material to improve food quality and service quality and Nelongso fried chicken has more value than other restaurants in the minds of consumers.
Spatial decay solution of the Boltzmann equation: converse properties of long time limiting behavior

We prove some converse properties of long time limiting behavior (along the particle paths) of a class of spatial decay solutions of the Boltzmann equation. It is shown that different initial data f0 determine different long time limit functions $f_{\infty}(x,v) = \lim_{t\rightarrow \infty}f(x+tv,v,t)$, and for any given function F(x,v) which belongs to a function set, there exists a solution f such that $f_{\infty}=F$. Existence of such spatial decay solutions are proven for the inverse power potentials with weak angular cut-off condition and for the initial data f0 satisfying $f_{0}(x,v)\leq C(1+|x|^2+|v|^2)^{-k}$, or $f_{0}(x,v) \leq C(1+|x-v|^2)^{-k}$ , etc. For the soft potentials, the solutions may have ``locally infinite particles," i.e., $\int_{{\bf R}^3}f(x,v,t)dv\equiv\infty. $
Pulmonary Function Test as a Diagnostic Tool for Post-COVID-19 Effects

COVID-19-infected survivors are reporting persistent anomalies upon hospital discharge. After one year, a sizable percentage of COVID-19 survivors still have persistent symptoms affecting different bodily systems. Evidence suggests that the lungs are the most affected organs by COVID-19. It may also cause corollary and other medical issues. The literature on preceding COVID-19 infections reviews that patients may also experience chronic impairment in breathing characteristics after discharge. The outcome of COVID-19 may remain for weeks to months after the initial recovery. Our goal is to determine the superiority of the restrictive pattern, obstructive pattern, and adjusted diffusion in patients post-COVID-19 contamination and to explain the distinctive opinions of breathing characteristics used with those patients. Therefore, lung function tests were measured post-discharge for three to 12 months. According to estimates, 80% of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected patients experienced one or more chronic symptoms. Multidisciplinary teams are required to develop preventive measures, rehabilitation methods, and scientific control plans with a completely patient-centered attitude for long-term COVID-19 care. Clarifying the pathophysiologic mechanisms, creating and testing specific interventions, and treating patients with long-term COVID-19 are urgently needed. The goal of this review is to locate research evaluating COVID-19's long-term effects. A person who has suffered from COVID-19 in the past showed changes in their pulmonary function test. So, we have to notice the changes and recovery from post-COVID-19 effects. COVID-19 survivors were observed in an eventual observational study and continuously examined three, six, and 12 months after having COVID-19 infections. We evaluated the clinical features and concentrations of circulating pulmonary epithelial and endothelial markers in COVID-19 survivors with normal or lower diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) six months after discharge to analyze risk factors and underlying pathophysiology.
Antitumoral and Antimicrobial Activities of Block Copolymer Micelles Containing Gold Bisdithiolate Complexes

Gold(III) bisdithiolate complexes have been reported as potential antimicrobial and antitumoral agents. The complex [Au(cdc)2]− (cdc=cyanodithioimido carbonate) displayed antimicrobial and outstanding antitumor activity against the ovarian cancer cells A2780 and A2780cisR, which are sensitive and resistant to cisplatin, respectively. However, poor water solubility may hamper its clinical use. Block copolymer micelles (BCMs) may solubilize hydrophobic drugs, improving their bioavailability and circulation time in blood. Aiming to provide water solubility, prolonged availability, and enhanced therapeutic indexes, BCMs loaded with [Au(cdc)2]− were synthesized and characterized. The BCM-[Au(cdc)2] micelles were prepared with a loading efficiency of 64.6% and a loading content of 35.3 mg [Au(cdc)2]−/gBCM. A hydrodynamic diameter of 77.31 ± 27.00 nm and a low polydispersity index of 0.18 indicated that the micelles were homogenous and good candidates for drug delivery. Cytotoxic activity studies against A2780/A2780cisR cells showed that BCM-[Au(cdc)2] maintained relevant cytotoxic activity comparable to the cytotoxicity observed for the same concentration of gold complexes. The Au uptake in A2780 cells, determined by PIXE, was ca. 17% higher for BCMs-[Au(cdc)2] compared to [Au(cdc)2]−. The BCMs-[Au(cdc)2] presented antimicrobial activity against S. aureus Newman and C. glabrata CBS138. These results evidenced the potential of BCM-[Au(cdc)2] for drug delivery and its promising anticancer and antimicrobial activities.
Large eddy simulations in curved square ducts: variation of the curvature radius

We present large-eddy simulations of the turbulent compressible flow at a low Mach number in curved ducts. The aim is to investigate the influence of the curvature radius R c on the flow. Three simulations are carried out at R c = 3.5 D h , 6.5 D h and 10.5 D h (D h hydraulic diameter). We first validate our computations by comparison with the incompressible experiments performed by Chang et al. (1983, Turbulent flow in a strongly curved U-bend and downstream tangent of square cross-sections. Physico-chemical Hydrodynamics, 4(3), 243–269). We observe that the decrease of the curvature radius is accompanied by a strong intensification of the secondary transverse flows : a rise of 100% of the maximum of their intensity is obtained between the smaller and the higher values of R c . We show that the secondary flows strength is directly related to the radial pressure gradient intensity. We observe a significant modification of the near-wall laws in the vicinity of each curved walls in correlation with the favo.
AI in the Foreign Language Classroom: A Pedagogical Overview of Automated Writing Assistance Tools

Recent technological advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have paved the way for improved and in many cases the creation of entirely new and innovative, electronic writing tools. These writing support systems assist during and after the writing process making them indispensable to many writers in general and to students in particular who can get human-like sentence completion suggestions and text generation. Although the wide adoption of these tools by students has been faced with a steady growth of scientific publications in the field, the results of these studies are often contradictory and their validity may be questioned. To gain a deeper understanding of the validity of AI-powered writing assistance tools, we conducted a systematic review of the recent empirical AI-powered writing assistance studies. The purpose of this review is twofold. First, we wanted to explore the recent scholarly publications that evaluated the use of AI-powered writing assistance tools in the classroom in terms of their types, uses, limits, and potential for improving students’ writing skills. Second, the review also sought to explore the perceptions of educators and researchers about learners’ use of AI-powered writing tools and review their recommendations on how to best ingrate these tools into the contemporary and future classroom. Using the Scopus research database, a total of 104 peer-reviewed papers were identified and analyzed. The findings indicate that students are increasingly using a variety of AI-powered writing assistance tools for improving their writing. The tools they are using can be categorized into four main groups: (1) automated writing evaluation tools, (2) tools that provide automated writing corrective feedback, (3) AI-powered machine translators, and (4) GPT-3 automatic text generators. The analysis also highlighted the scholars’ recommendations regarding dealing with learners’ use of AI-powered writing assistance tools and grouped the recommendations into two groups for researchers and educators.
Screening of Schistosomiasis, Strongyloidiasis and Sexually Transmitted Infections in Nigerian Female Sex Workers Living in Rome

Background: Female Sex Workers (FSWs) are at high risk for acquisition and transmission of sexually transmission infections (STIs). Although several studies investigated the diffusion of STIs in this population, none of them investigated the occurrence of helminth infections in FSW coming from endemic regions. This study aims to assess the prevalence of STIs and helminth infections in a cohort of FSWs. Method: authors conducted a prevalent, observational, and descriptive study on 97 Nigerian FSWs aged 17 to 52 years from January to December 2020. Results: a total of 97 FSWs were recruited. Of these, only 82 had completed screening for hepatitis B, C, syphilis, and HIV, while all 97 were screened for schistosomiasis and strongyloidiasis. The prevalence of STIs among FSWs in Rome was lower than in other European countries. The overall prevalence of HIV and HBsAg were 1.2%, (1/82) and 2.4% (2/82), respectively, while no case of hepatitis C and syphilis was found. Regarding parasitological screening, the overall prevalence of schistosoma species was 4.1% (4/97) while 5.15% (5/97) were positive for strongyloidiasis. Conclusions: our study shows a low prevalence of STIs in Nigerian FSWs except for Hepatitis B and a higher prevalence of schistosomiasis and strongyloidiasis. The permanent monitoring of STI and parasitic infections in sex workers coming from Africa is strongly warranted, especially for hepatitis B, schistosomiasis and strongyloidiasis, to allow a timely diagnosis and treatment, and to plan preventive strategies.