Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response of two catchweed bedstraw (Galium aparine) populations to post-emergence herbicides in winter wheat

Catchweed bedstraw causes severe problems in winter wheat and other winter sown crops. Field experiments were conducted from 2005 to 2008 in wheat fields in Samsun, Turkey, to determine: (1) the response of catchweed bedstraw to chlorsulfuron, tribenuron-methyl plus thifensulfuronmethyl, dicamba plus triasulfuron and mesosulfuron-methyl plus iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium; and (2) possible resistance or tolerance to these herbicides. The herbicides were applied at the 2–4, 4–6, and 6–8 true leaf stages of biomass, there were large differences among the upper limits of the dose-response curves, and consequently, the actual response curve, an asymmetric sigmoid curve, was fitted to data to obtain 50% and 90% effective dose, ED50 and ED90, values. None of the herbicides reduced catchweed bedstraw biomass or populations satisfactorily when applied at the recommended field rate. Twice the recommended field rate was required to achieve acceptable reduction in biomass. Overall, inadequate control of this weed cannot be solely attributed to either acetolactate synthase (ALS) resistance or improper application methods. It is likely due to a slow and progressive development of ALS-tolerant populations after many years of consecutive use.
Design Science Research for IS/IT Projects: Focus on Digital Transformation

To ensure that a research project is relevant and recognized as sound research by academics, organizations and the society in general, it must be demonstrated that the research has been rigorously planned and developed and is open to debate and verification. In this context, and to give credibility to the investigation, it is necessary to use an appropriate research method. And, there are several research methods to choose from. Within the research methodologies used in the scientific areas of Information Systems / Information Technology (IS/IT) and Digital Transformation (DT), the Design Science Research (DSR) method has emerged. This method focuses on the development of artifacts that extend the current boundaries of IT to improve business and organizational performance. After a brief approach to the subject area under research, in this article we study the DSR method. In the end we talk about the strategy to be used in the research under this method. The main aim of this paper is to argue that DSR is a research method suitable to research projects in the area of digital transformation.
Sensible or too Sensitive? Do Privacy Concerns Hinder the Acceptance of Digital Solutions to Treat Smartphone Addiction?

While the adoption of new information systems is predominantly seen as a positive phenomenon, there is increasing evidence of negative consequences for users – reflected in paper titles featuring terms like Internet Addiction, Technostress, or Social Networking Sites Addiction. Particularly the smartphone – potentially due to its high prevalence and its character as ”medium” for all kinds of information – was found to be associated with problematic usage behavior. Traditional intervention approaches like “Digital Detox” or Cognitive Behavior Therapy are not practical or scalable enough. However, there are examples of digital solutions to tackle problematic smartphone use – but their impact has not been examined thoroughly yet. We developed a new approach by conceptualizing four versions of digital Usage Management Tools (UMTs), which give the user personalized recommendations based on different types of private data. To test whether smartphone users would accept these UMTs, we conducted an online survey with 192 participants. The general evaluation of our UMTs was positive but deteriorated significantly after the privacy disclosure. We found that a higher degree of Privacy Concerns reduces the likelihood that an individual accepts our UMTs, while a higher degree of Smartphone Addiction increases it.
Mixed‐Function Oxidase Activity in a Generalist Herbivore in Relation to Its Biology, Food Plants, and Feeding History

A general—purpose detoxification enzyme system, known as the mixed—function oxidase (MFO) system, apparently protects generalist herbivores from defensive plant allelochemics. Previous studies limited to lepidopterous larvae show that the MFO system has the attributes of an effective biochemical defense, mainly because this system has been shown to occupy a key position in the primary degradation and inactivation of a wide variety of exogenous lipophilic substances, and its level increases rapidly via introduction by plant allochemics. The gut microsomal MFO system of the highly polyphagous Japanese beetle, Popilia japonica, is induced rapidly, attaining maximal level within 24 h of feeding on host plants. The order of induction is: field polyphagouf beetles > laboratory—simulated polyphagy > single—plant feeding. However, apparently the induction is not related to host preference of this herbivore, but probably occurs in response to host allelochemics. Single—plant feeding of three host plants: sassafras.
Determining vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrh izal effectiveness by monitoring P status of subleaflets of an indicator plant

The development of rapid and reliable techniques for evaluating the effectiveness of vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi is crucial in optimizing conditions for enhancing the benefits of the fungi in crop production. In this study we have proposed and tested such a technique. It is based on the monitoring of P status of subleaflets of indicator plant (Leucaena leucocephala) grown in sand‐soil mixture optimized for VAM activity. Individual subleaflets (pinnules) are regularly removed from the plant, dried and their P contents determined colorimetrically. P contents monitored by this technique were linearly related to shoot P contents (r = 0.97). The technique was useful for evaluating the influence of propagule density on VAM activity, for separating soils into categories of VAM effectiveness and for assessing the effects of soil biotic factors on VAM activity. The technique is a simple but powerful tool for selecting host‐endophyte combinations and for creating environmental conditions favorable .
Dynamic scheduling in distributed transactional memory

We investigate scheduling algorithms for distributed transactional memory systems where transactions residing at nodes of a communication graph operate on shared, mobile objects. A transaction requests the objects it needs, executes once those objects have been assembled, and then sends the objects to other waiting transactions. We study scheduling algorithms with provable performance guarantees. Previously, only the offline batch scheduling setting was considered in the literature where transactions are known a priori. Minimizing execution time, even for the offline batch scheduling, is known to be NP-hard for arbitrary communication graphs. In this paper, we analyze for the very first time scheduling algorithms in the online dynamic scheduling setting where transactions are not known a priori and the transactions may arrive online over time. We provide efficient and near-optimal execution time schedules for dynamic scheduling in many specialized network architectures. The core of our technique is a method to convert offline schedules to online. We first describe a centralized scheduler which we then adapt to a purely distributed scheduler. To our knowledge, these are the first attempts to obtain provably efficient online execution schedules for distributed transactional memory.
Lactic acid bacteria increase the resistance of turbot larvae, Scophthalmus maximus, against pathogenic vibrio

Resume Characteristics of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) isolated from rotifers, ~rachionus plicutilis, resembled those of Lactobacillus plantarum or Carnobacteriurn sp. It was investigated whether the artificial maintenance of a high concentration of LAB in rotifers might increase their dietary value for turbot larvae, particularly when the fish were infected with pathogenic Vibrio sp. One LAB strain was cultivated, then introduced daily into the enrichment medium of rotifers. In this way, LAB were retrieved in large amounts in turbot, and a significant limitation of larval morkality rate was obsemed when turbot were challenged with pathogenic vibrio at day 9. The inoculum concentration of LAB had a decisive effect on survival rate, and the optimum was between IO7 and 2 x IO7 Colony Forming Units (CFU) daily added per ml of the enrichment medium (53 % sumival rate after 72 h of challenge, versus 8 % for the infected control group without LAB).
Distribution of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in tissues of naturally infected cattle as affected by age

The objectives of this study were to investigate Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) distribution in various tissues, in faeces and in milk samples from 131 animals originating from one imported Jersey cattle herd from Denmark. MAP was detected by culture in 37.4% animals. Massive MAP growth was most often observed in the small intestines (48 animals). The lowest levels of MAP were found in spleen and mamma- ry gland samples. MAP was detected in the faeces of 8.4% animals; however, milk samples were MAP negative by culture. The highest prevalence of MAP infection (42.9%) was in age Group B (1.6 to 3 years) and the lowest (6.1%) in group D (more than 8 years). Seven positive calves were detected in the youngest age group; one of them was less than one month of age, which could imply an intrauterine infection. MAP shedding in faeces by a five-month-old calf was also confirmed. The IS900 RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) type B-C1 was identified in all animals.
Eco- friendly strategies for management of Fusarium wilt of Pisum sativum L.

The efficacy of different microbes for their antagonistic ability was determined in-vitro against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp pisi by dual culture method. T. viride andPseudomonas fluorescens-I exhibited maximum antagonistic activity in vitro. In-vivo T. viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens resulted in maximum reduction of seed rot root and wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) of pea. In addition, there was increased germination, mortality, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, vigour index and numbers of nodules. Among the microbes, T. viride performed better. Therefore, T. viride may be used for the reduction of root rot, wilt and mortality of pea. Key words: Fusarium wilt, pea, bioagent, control.
Automatic classification of ornamental stones using Machine Learning techniques A study applied to limestone

The industry of extraction and transformation of rock minerals has an enormous importance in the Portuguese trade balance. The export volume increases every year, and to maintain these results it is necessary to invest in the modernization and optimization of production processes, as well as, in the classification of raw materials. This study aims to implement a classification model of ornamental rocks through the analysis and classification of images, using machine learning algorithms. The recognition of the type of stone, through the capture of images and subsequent algorithmic analysis, will allow to define quality control scales in future processes, taking into account the different types of stone. In addition, it will also allow to develop models capable of helping in reducing the amount of raw material wasted. This work presents the steps taken to create a classification model, using a dataset of 2260 images distributed over four classes, three of which are very similar to color level and one with a different tone. In this study, the results of the application of three automatic classification algorithms are analyzed. In addition, a discussion of how types of images can improve results and the execution times of algorithms are presented.
Bayesian Calibration of Hyperparameters in Agent-Based Stock Market

In this paper, we constructed an agent-based simulation of the stock market where traders are affected by neighbors’ decision in different size groups and public information. In order to reproduce the stylized facts of the real market, agentbased model require a calibrated set of parameters which can regenerate the real data with simulation models. Bayesian optimization is introduced to tune the hyperparameters of the traders’ behavior as well as of the environment. The experimental results on Bayesian calibration demonstrated that the proposed separate calibrations reduce simulation error, with plausible estimated parameters. With empirical data of the Dow Jones Industrial Average index, statistical analysis of the simulated data showed that the model was able to replicate some of the important stylized facts in real markets such as: random walk price dynamics, the leptokurtosis, heavy tail of the returns and volatility clustering.
Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis (Pilleri & Gihr, 1973), a synonym of the preoccupied name Delphinus melas Schlegel, 1841 (Notes on Cetacea, Delphinoidea VII)

The name Delphinus melas, given by Schlegel (1841) to a Finless Porpoise from Japan, is a junior homonym of Delphinus melas Traill, 1809 (now: Globicephala melaena). The generic name Neomeris Gray, 1846 is preoccupied by Neomeris Costa, 1844; the valid nomen novum for Gray’s genus is Neophocaena Palmer, 1899. Neomeris asiaeorientalis Pilleri & Gihr, 1973 belongs to the same taxon as described by Schlegel. Therefore the correct name of the Japanese form described by Schlegel is Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis (Pilleri & Gihr, 1973).
Idealistic and Pragmatic Versions of the Discourse of Partnership

Although the term ‘partnership’ is increasingly widely applied to a range of inter-organizational engagements within diverse international settings, its meaning is very unclear. This paper analyses how actors involved in implementing partnership working constructed its meaning. It draws on a case study from within the refugee resettlement field to reveal two contrasting versions of the discourse of partnership: a more ‘idealistic’ version of partnership as a ‘good thing’, and a more ‘pragmatic’ version that represented partnership largely in terms of the instrumentality of stakeholders. The tensions between trust and power within inter-organizational relationships are reflected in the uneasy relationship between these versions, and the effects of this tension on the enactment of partnership in the case study project are discussed. The paper considers the implications of these findings for researching and implementing partnership working more widely.
Why flower visitation is a poor proxy for pollination: measuring single‐visit pollen deposition, with implications for pollination networks and conservation

The relative importance of specialized and generalized plant‐pollinator relationships is contentious, yet analyses usually avoid direct measures of pollinator quality (effectiveness), citing difficulties in collecting such data in the field and so relying on visitation data alone. We demonstrate that single‐visit deposition (SVD) of pollen on virgin stigmas is a practical measure of pollinator effectiveness, using 13 temperate and tropical plant species. For each flower the most effective pollinator measured from SVD was as predicted from its pollination syndrome based on traditional advertisement and reward traits. Overall, c. 40% of visitors were not effective pollinators (range 0–78% for different flowers); thus, flower–pollinator relationships are substantially more specialized than visitation alone can reveal. Analyses at species level are crucial, as significant variation in SVD occurred within both higher‐level taxonomic groups (genus, family) and within functional groups. Other measures sometimes used to distinguish visitors from pollinators (visit duration, frequency, or feeding behaviour in flowers) did not prove to be suitable proxies. Distinguishing between ‘pollinators’ and ‘visitors’ is therefore crucial, and true ‘pollination networks’ should include SVD to reveal pollinator effectiveness (PE). Generating such networks, now underway, could avoid potential misinterpretations of the conservation values of flower visitors, and of possible extinction threats as modelled in existing networks.
Internet Auction Features as Quality Signals

Internet auction companies have developed innovative tools that enable sellers to reveal more information about their credibility and product quality to avoid the “lemons” problem. On the basis of signaling and auction theories, the authors propose a typology of Internet auction quality and credibility indicators, adopt and modify Park and Bradlow's (2005) model, and use eBay as an example to examine empirically how different types of indicators help alleviate uncertainty. This empirical evidence demonstrates how Internet auction features affect consumer participation and bidding decisions, what modifies the credibility of quality indicators, and how different buyers react to indicators. The signaling-based hypotheses provide coherent explanations of consumers’ bidding behavior. As the first empirical study to evaluate the signaling role of comprehensive Internet auction institutional features in mitigating the adverse selection problem, this research provides evidence to clarify the economic foundation behind innovative Internet auction designs.
Changes of Carbohydrates in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Flowers in Relation to Their Abscission Under Different Shading Regimes

Abscission of pepper flowers is enhanced under conditions of low light and high temperature. Our study shows that pepper flowers accumulate assimilates, particularly in the ovary, during the day time, and accumulate starch, which is then metabolized in the subsequent dark period. With the exception of the petals, the ovary contains the highest total amounts of sugars and starch, compared with other flower parts and contains the highest total activity, as well as activity calculated on fresh mass basis, of sucrose synthase, in accordance with the role of this enzyme in starch biosynthesis. Low light intensity or leaf removal decreased sugar accumulation in the flower and subsequently caused flower abscission. The threshold of light intensity for daily sugar accumulation in the sink leaves was much lower than in flowers, resulting in higher daytime accumulation of sugars in the sink leaves than in the adjacent flower buds under any light intensity, suggesting a competition for assimilates between these organs. Flowers of bell pepper cv. ‘Maor’ and ‘899’ (sensitive to abscission) accumulated less soluble sugars and starch under shade than the flowers of bell pepper cv. ‘Mazurka’ and of paprika cv. ‘Lehava’ (less sensitive). The results suggest that the flower capacity to accumulate sugars and starch during the day is an important factor in determining flower retention and fruit set. # 1996 Annals of Botany Company
An Efficacious MRI Sparse Recovery Method Based on Differential Under-Sampling and k-Space Interpolation

A proposed method that reduces the lengthy scan time characterizing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is presented in this paper. The method also improves the robustness to noise and reconstruction artifacts associated with conventional MRI. It employs a differentially structured k-space under-sampling technique to reduce the imaging time. The under-sampled k-space is then interpolated using a bicubic method in order to obtain an estimate of the part of k-space that is not acquired in the under-sampling step. The interpolation improves the resilience of the proposed procedure to noise and reconstruction artifacts. The method exploits the sparsity of MR images in the wavelet transform domain to reconstruct the images from the interpolated k-space using a greedy Compressive Sampling (CS) method. The Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and the Structural SIMilarity (SSIM) objective quality metrics are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in comparison to other reported CS based MRI methods. Computer simulation experimental results reveal that the proposed method exhibits better robustness to noise by a 1.6 dB PSNR improvement and an imaging acceleration of at least 9% while maintaining image quality.
Swainson's Warbler Nest-Site Selection in Eastern Arkansas

Abstract. By affecting the probability of nest predation and brood parasitism, avian nest-site selection has significant implications for reproduction and fitness. Therefore, understanding factors associated with habitat use at the nest-site scale is imperative, especially for species of conservation concern. One such species, the Swainson's Warbler (Limnothlypis swainsonii), is a rare neotropical migrant that breeds mainly in bottomland hardwood forests throughout the southeastern United States, but relatively little is known about its nesting habitat. From 2004 through 2007, we studied nest-site selection of Swainson's Warblers at two study areas in eastern Arkansas. We found that, relative to paired random plots, nest sites were characterized by dense understory vegetation, high total canopy cover, abundant leaf litter, and high density of woody stems, especially of giant cane (Arundinaria gigantea), a once-abundant bamboo native to the southeastern U.S. Indeed, most nests (90%) were placed in giant cane either exclusively or in combination with other nest substrates. However, understory vegetation density and total canopy cover were the best predictors of nest sites. We suggest that management for Swainson's Warbler nesting habitat should focus on providing forests with uniformly dense understory vegetation and well-developed structure of the canopy and subcanopy. When possible, conservation efforts should focus on maintaining, enhancing, or restoring dense cane thickets.
Towards Accurate and Efficient Classification of Power System Contingencies and Cyber-Attacks Using Recurrent Neural Networks

Correct and timely responses to abnormal conditions in the power systems are crucial to their sound operation. In order for the operator or the automated response system to take prompt measures during system contingencies, it is critical to facilitate an accurate mechanism for the classification of the events and disturbances in the power grid. The massive amount of time-synchronized data recorded by the phasor measurement units can be combined with logs from other components in the power grid to create datasets for event and intrusion detection. This paper presents the results of applying deep learning techniques on open datasets recorded from a power system testbed to classify contingencies and cyber-attacks. Three different designs of recurrent neural networks (RNN) are investigated and tested for discriminating binary and multiclass events. Experiment results show 100% and 99.99% accuracy when applying the proposed classifiers on large scale binary and multiclass datasets respectively. It is also shown that one can improve the efficiency of the scheme by selectively eliminating 75% of the features in the dataset while maintaining as high as 99.96% accuracy in classifying multiclass events. Additionally, the feasibility of the design is validated by the low classification latency recorded on the low-end embedded system Jetson Nano. These promising results demonstrate the potential of employing RNN techniques in developing event and intrusion detection systems for power grids.