Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Multiple Micronutrient Fortified Beverage and Responsive Caregiving Interventions on Early Childhood Development, Hemoglobin, and Ferritin among Infants in Rural Guatemala

Undernutrition and a lack of learning opportunities can jeopardize long-term growth and development among infants in low- and middle-income countries. We conducted a 6-month 2 × 2 cluster-randomized trial to assess the effects of multiple micronutrient-fortified beverages and responsive caregiving interventions among infants 6–18 months in 72 community sectors in southwest Guatemala. We administered baseline and endline assessments of childhood development (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development) and socioemotional development (Brief Infant Toddler Socio-Emotional Assessment) and measured ferritin and hemoglobin on a subsample. The trial was analyzed using linear mixed models. At the baseline, the mean age (SD) was 13.0 (4.6) months, including 49% males, 32% who were stunted, 55% who were anemic, and 58% who were iron deficient. At the endline (n = 328/386, 85% retention), there was no synergistic effect on the fortified beverage and responsive caregiving intervention. Compared to the non-fortified beverage group, socioemotional development improved in the fortified beverage group. There were no intervention effects on other measures of child development, hemoglobin, or ferritin. In a setting with high rates of anemia and iron deficiency, a multiple micronutrient-fortified beverage improved infants’ socioemotional development.
Mechanism of Zonal Index Evolution in a Two-Layer Model.

Abstract A mechanism that drives a zonal jet to meander in the meridional direction is investigated with a two-layer multiwave quasigeostrophic β-plant channel model. This model isolates the zonal index characteristics of a purely eddy-driven jet. Empirical orthogonal function analysis is used to characterize the northward- and southward-shifted states of the jet, and the authors refer to these two states as “high” and “low” zonal indexes, respectively. Composite analysis is used to examine the evolution of the zonal-mean flow, eddy heat and momentum fluxes, storm tracks, and energetics associated with both zonal indexes. It is found that the zonal index is the most prominent form of variability over a broad range of meridional scales for the initially unstable region. As expected, the onset of either index is marked by an anomalous momentum flux convergence-divergence pair on either side of the time-mean jet, and the high and low indexes are dynamically equivalent. This eddy forcing of the zonal-mean flo.
Spatial Changes in Gas Transport and Sediment Stiffness Influenced by Regional Stress: Observations From Piezometer Data Along Vestnesa Ridge, Eastern Fram Strait

Gas transport through sediments to the seabed and seepage occurs via advection through pores, faults, and fractures, and as solubility driven gas diffusion. The pore pressure gradient is a key factor in these processes. Yet, in situ measurements for quantitative studies of fluid dynamics and sediment deformation in deep ocean environments remain scarce. In this study, we integrate piezometer data, geotechnical tests, and sediment core analyses to study the pressure regime that controls gas transport along the Vestnesa Ridge in the eastern Fram Strait. The data show a progressive westward decrease in induced pore pressure (i.e., from c. 180 to c. 50 kPa) upon piezometer penetration and undrained shear strength of the sediments, interpreted as a decrease in sediment stiffness. In addition, the data suggest that the upper c. 6 m of sediments may be mechanically damaged due to variations in gas diffusion rates and exsolution. Background pore pressures are mostly at hydrostatic conditions, but localized excess pore pressures (i.e., up to 10 kPa) exist and point toward external controls. When analyzed in conjunction with observations from geophysical data and sediment core analyses, the pore pressure data suggest a spatial change from an advection dominated to a diffusion dominated fluid flow system, influenced by the behavior of sedimentary faults. Understanding gas transport mechanisms and their effect on fine‐grained sediments of deep ocean settings is critical for constraining gas hydrate inventories, seepage phenomena and sub‐seabed sediment deformations and instabilities.
Guided wave energy focusing and steering in composite laminates

Lightweight, carbon fiber reinforced composites are often selected for aerospace components but are prone to barely visible impact damage, caused by low velocity impacts, during service. Guided-wave-based structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques can efficiently detect impact damage impact in composite structures. However, wave propagation is influenced by material anisotropy resulting in a number of effects. The phase and group velocity of propagating wave modes depend on the wave launching direction, with increased wave speeds in the high stiffness (fiber) directions. Wave energy tends to be focused along the fiber directions, resulting in beam steering or skewing away from the initial wave launching direction. These anisotropic effects, if unaccounted for, could lead to inaccurate localization of damage, and potential regions of the structure where guided waves cannot propagate with sufficient amplitude, reducing damage sensitivity. Wave propagation in an undamaged unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) panel was investigated for the A0 mode for multiple wave launching directions. Finite Element (FE) modelling was carried out using homogenized anisotropic material properties to investigate the directional dependency of velocity. Point and line sources were modelled to investigate the influence of the excitation source on the guided wave evaluation and signal processing. Wave skewing behavior was visualized for the line source, and wave skew angles and beam spread angles were calculated for a range of propagation angles. Experimental non-contact guided wave measurements were obtained using a laser vibrometer. A PZT strip transducer was developed in order to measure wave skew angles. Experimental and numerical velocities and skew angles were compared with theoretical predictions and good agreement was observed.
Conformity in High School Adolescents: Development and Validation of the Informational and Normative Conformity Scale

The present article describes the development and validation of the Informational and Normative Conformity Scale (SKI-N), a brief self-report tool capturing adolescents' general propensity to adopt a conformist attitude, and the underlying motives for doing so. The presentation includes a description of scale construction and an assessment of the psychometric properties. In two independent samples of adolescents (total N = 1,953), the SKI-N factorial structure was investigated, and the reliability and dimensionality, the multi-group measurement invariance, and the construct validity were each verified. The findings showed that the scale structure is bi-factorial, and the tool is reliable, valid, and invariant across gender. Therefore, the SKI-N can be applied in research and/or in psychological and educational practice to provide important information in a broader assessment of students’ psychosocial functioning in the school environment. Moreover, compared to currently available measures, it fills a gap in the tools for measuring conformity in the adolescent population.
Attack Detection for Medical Cyber-Physical Systems–A Systematic Literature Review

The threat situation due to cyber attacks in hospitals is emerging and patient life is at risk. One significant source of potential vulnerabilities is medical cyber-physical systems (MCPS). Detecting intrusions in this environment faces challenges different from other domains, mainly due to the heterogeneity of devices, the diversity of connectivity types, and the variety of terminology. To summarize existing results, we conducted a structured literature review (SLR) following the guidelines of Kitchenham et al. for SLRs in software engineering. We developed six research questions regarding detection approach, detection location, included features, adversarial focus, utilized datasets, and intrusion prevention. We identified that most researchers focused on an anomaly-based detection approach at the network layer. The primary focus was on the detection of malicious insiders. While several researchers used publicly available datasets for training and testing their algorithms, the lack of suitable datasets resulted in the development of testbeds consisting of various medical devices. Based on the results, we formulated five future research topics. First, the special conditions of hospital networks, the MCPS deployed within them, and the contrasts to other IT and OT environments should be examined. Thereupon, MCPS-specific datasets should be created that allow researchers to address the health domain’s unique requirements and possibilities. At the same time, endeavors aimed at standardization in this area should be supported and expanded. Moreover, the use of medical context for attack detection should be further explored. Last but not least, efforts for MCPS-tailored intrusion prevention should be intensified. This way, the emerging threat landscape can be addressed, IT security in hospitals can be improved, and patient health can be protected.
Scattering of millimeter radiowaves by dry snowflakes

The Purcell-Pennypacker coupled dipole method is used to calculate scattering of millimeter waves by the dry snowflakes modelled by a collection of intersected dendrite-like crystals, whose maximum length is comparable to the wavelength of the incident radiation. Averaged over sixteen orientations the extinction, scattering and absorption cross sections of the model snowflake in the frequency range from 10 to 130 GHz are computed. For comparison the corresponding cross sections of the equivalent sphere, whose radius is taken to be the gyroradius of aggregate and effective permittivity is taken to be that of the medium consisting of ice spheres and randomly oriented ice needles and disks immersed in air are also determined using Mie theory. As a result the effective medium model utilizing ice needles turns out to be the best matching of the flake extinction properties. No one of the effective medium models used adequately describes flake absorption in the hole above the mentioned frequency range. The authors also compare flake extinction and absorption properties with those for the equal volume ice sphere. In this case the computation shows that both the extinction and absorption properties of the equal volume ice sphere are in drastic contradiction with those for aggregated snowflakes. <<ETX>>
Prognostic Impact of the Early Use of Tolvaptan in Elderly Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

The number of elderly patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is increasing, and it is often difficult to treat. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using tolvaptan early after hospitalization in elderly patients with ADHF and the prognosis one year after hospitalization. This study enrolled 185 patients with ADHF who were admitted for the first time. Tolvaptan was administered within 24 h after admission. These patients were assigned to two groups: over 80 years old (n = 109) and under 80 years old (n = 76). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the occurrence of MACCE within one year (25% vs. 20%, p = 0.59). All-cause mortality was significantly higher in the over-80 group (12% vs. 2%, p = 0.01). There were no significant differences in the incidence of worsening renal failure (11% vs. 7%, p = 0.46) and hypernatremia (5% vs. 9%, p = 1.0), and in the duration of hospitalization (19.2 days vs. 18.8 days, p = 0.8). Tolvaptan might be effective and safe in elderly patients with ADHF, and there was no difference in the incidence of MACCE within one year.
A Survey of Work-Related Pain Prevalence Among Construction Workers in Hong Kong: A Case-Control Study

Construction workers undertake demanding physical work and face high risk of injuries in poor working environments. This case-control study investigated the extent of their musculoskeletal pain incidence at work. A total of 2021 construction workers in different trades were interviewed on-site in a survey from December 2017 to December 2018. The survey results revealed that the pain prevalence of the subjects in the last 24 h was 10.6 %. The worst and top most common pain spots caused by work were central lower back, left/right shoulders, and knees. Regarding pain management, their most common method was to ignore the pain (21.4%). The average percentage of pain relief after receiving treatment in the 24 h was 37.12%. Besides, significant differences were found between the pain and non-pain groups regarding their employment duration in current job or their average sleep duration in the 24 h. The study showed that those with multiple and bilateral pain sites had pain interference on their living activities.
The Potential of Liquid Biopsy in Detection of Endometrial Cancer Biomarkers: A Pilot Study

Endometrial cancer belongs to the most common gynecologic cancer types globally, with increasing incidence. There are numerous ways of classifying different cases. The most recent decade has brought advances in molecular classification, which show more accurate prognostic factors and the possibility of personalised adjuvant treatment. In addition, diagnostic approaches lag behind these advances, with methods causing patients discomfort while lacking the reproducibility of tissue sampling for biopsy. Minimally invasive liquid biopsies could therefore represent an alternative screening and diagnostic approach in patients with endometrial cancer. The method could potentially detect molecular changes in this cancer type and identify patients at early stages. In this pilot study, we tested such a detection method based on circulating tumour DNA isolated from the peripheral blood plasma of 21 Slovak endometrial cancer patients. We successfully detected oncomutations in the circulating DNA of every single patient, although the prognostic value of the detected mutations failed to offer certainty. Furthermore, we detected changes associated with clonal hematopoiesis, including DNMT3A mutations, which were present in the majority of circulating tumour DNA samples.
Systemic and Peripheral Mechanisms of Cortical Stimulation-Induced Analgesia and Refractoriness in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain

Epidural motor cortex stimulation (MCS) is an effective treatment for refractory neuropathic pain; however, some individuals are unresponsive. In this study, we correlated the effectiveness of MCS and refractoriness with the expression of cytokines, neurotrophins, and nociceptive mediators in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), sciatic nerve, and plasma of rats with sciatic neuropathy. MCS inhibited hyperalgesia and allodynia in two-thirds of the animals (responsive group), and one-third did not respond (refractory group). Chronic constriction injury (CCI) increased IL-1β in the nerve and DRG, inhibited IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17A in the nerve, decreased β-endorphin, and enhanced substance P in the plasma, compared to the control. Responsive animals showed decreased NGF and increased IL-6 in the nerve, accompanied by restoration of local IL-10 and IL-17A and systemic β-endorphin. Refractory animals showed increased TNF-α and decreased IFNγ in the nerve, along with decreased TNF-α and IL-17A in the DRG, maintaining low levels of systemic β-endorphin. Our findings suggest that the effectiveness of MCS depends on local control of inflammatory and neurotrophic changes, accompanied by recovery of the opioidergic system observed in neuropathic conditions. So, understanding the refractoriness to MCS may guide an improvement in the efficacy of the technique, thus benefiting patients with persistent neuropathic pain.
Dependence of Quasi‐Electrostatic Magnetosonic Wave Generation on Plasma Density and Suprathermal Protons

Magnetosonic (MS) wave is one of the most common electromagnetic emissions in the magnetosphere, while quasi‐electrostatic magnetosonic (QEMS) waves are seldom observed. Here we present an interesting QEMS event detected by Van Allen Probe A on 9 January 2014, in which the presence of multi‐band QEMS emissions shows evident correlations with relatively low plasma densities (∼10 cm−3) and enhancements of suprathermal (∼10 − 100 eV) proton fluxes. Based on the observed proton distributions, simulations demonstrate very similar profiles to the observed QEMS in the wave spectral characteristics. Parametric studies indicate that the QEMS growth rate can increase by ∼20 times with the plasma density decreasing from 50 to 10 cm−3. Effective growth rates of higher‐band QEMS occur when the suprathermal proton population is sufficiently large. This study reveals that low densities and large suprathermal proton populations are favorable for generating distinct multi‐band QEMS in the magnetosphere.
A Lanchester Model of Guerrilla Warfare

A variation of the Lanchester equations is applied to exploration of the force ratios required to win in guerrilla-counterguerrilla warfare. It is shown that an attacking guerrilla force can, by using tactics that compensate for its weaknesses, defeat a force of defending regulars that has over-all superiority in numbers and weapons. The defenders can win by appropriate selection of weapons, countertactics, and group sizes for individual engagements. In general, however, the high over-all ratios of defending regulars to attacking guerillas that have characterized recent warfare of this kind in which the defense has been successful are extremely difficult to reduce.
Healthy Eating in the Spanish University Community: A Case Study

The Mediterranean Diet (MedD), which UNESCO recognizes as an Intangible Cultural Heritage, constitutes a healthy eating pattern that helps prevent illness. The aim of this work is to know how well the university community of Almeria (Spain) adheres to MedD as a healthy lifestyle standard. For this purpose, the authors administered a survey to students, teachers, and administrative and service personnel at the University of Almeria. The sample for the survey comprised 610 people. Of whom, 64.7% were women; 23% were Teaching, and Research Staff (PDI); 17.3% were Administration and Services Staff (PAS); and 59.7% were students. The average age was 32 years. Results show an average level of MedD adherence overall in the university community, although 40.9% have a low adherence level. The most representative MedD adherent can be profiled as a young Spanish female, who values sustainability, reads the labels of the products she consumes, exercises regularly, cooks healthy food, and recycles waste. We suggest [to the University authorities] to advertise the benefits of the Mediterranean Diet among the university community and offer menus based on the MedD in the university canteen.
Endoscopic Imaging for the Diagnosis of Neoplastic and Pre-Neoplastic Conditions of the Stomach

Simple Summary Gastric cancer has a poor prognosis when diagnosed in advanced stages, but curative treatment is possible if an early diagnosis is made. Endoscopy represents an essential tool for the detection of early neoplastic and pre-neoplastic gastric lesions and for surveillance. Many endoscopy imaging technologies have been developed to increase diagnostic accuracy. In this review, we summarize these endoscopy technologies. Abstract Gastric cancer is an aggressive disease with low long-term survival rates. An early diagnosis is essential to offer a better prognosis and curative treatment. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the main tool for the screening and diagnosis of patients with gastric pre-neoplastic conditions and early lesions. Image-enhanced techniques such as conventional chromoendoscopy, virtual chromoendoscopy, magnifying imaging, and artificial intelligence improve the diagnosis and the characterization of early neoplastic lesions. In this review, we provide a summary of the currently available recommendations for the screening, surveillance, and diagnosis of gastric cancer, focusing on novel endoscopy imaging technologies.
The prevalence of rapid eye movement-related obstructive sleep apnea in a sample of Saudi population

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of rapid eye movement-related obstructive sleep apnea (REMrOSA) using common definitions. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study that used three sets of criteria to identify patients with REMrOSA. These criteria were defined as strict, intermediate, and lenient depending on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), AHI during REM sleep/(AHI during non-REM sleep [NREM-AHI]), NREM-AHI and REM duration. RESULTS: The study included 609 patients with OSA and full sleep study. The prevalence of REMrOSA was 26%, 33%, and 52% using the strict, intermediate, and lenient criteria, respectively. There were no differences in the patients’ general and demographic characteristics between the different groups of the three definitions. REMrOSA patients were more likely to be younger females than non-REMrOSA (NREMrOSA) patients. Comorbidities were more frequent in the REMrOSA group compared to NREMrOSA when using strict and intermediate definitions. In contrast, AHI, mean O2 saturation, and time spent <90% O2 saturation were significantly worse during NREMrOSA compared to REMrOSA, regardless of the criteria used. Our study reported higher AHI, lower mean oxygen saturation, lower minimum oxygen saturation, and longer time of desaturation during REMrOSA when lenient definition was used compared to when strict and intermediate definitions were used. CONCLUSIONS: REMrOSA is a common condition with a prevalence ranging between 26% and 52% depending on what definition is applied. Although OSA tends to be more severe with lenient definition, however, the clinical and polysomnographic features were similar among REMrOSA groups regardless of the definition used.
Bounds for Energy of Certain Polyphenylene Dendrimers

The energy E(G) of a graph G is the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of G. A dendrimer is an artificially manufactured or synthesized molecule built up from branched units called monomers. In this paper, using some inequalities, we obtain bounds for energy of certain polyphenylene dendrimers.
EXPERIMENTS ON BOUNDARY-LAYER RECEPTIVITY TO FREESTREAM TURBULENCE

An understanding of the physical mechanisms by which freestream turbulence (FST) affects boundary-layer transition to turbulence is essential for transition prediction and control. Presented here is a brief summary of some experimental studies on the topic of boundarylayer receptivity. All cases mentioned concern layers on either flat-plates or axisymmetric bodies, and only cases of a relatively low turbulence level are included. Those restrictions are necessarily exclusive of the environments and configurations important for turbomachinery. The studies described reveal that a layer can respond to FST in several ways, exhibiting what are called K-mode oscillations, Tollmien-Schlichting (T-S) waves, and other motions not classified. Although the studies have focused upon finding and describing T-S wave growth as the principal cause of the hastening of transition, that link is not firmly established. Much work remains to be done before a description of the interaction based upon 'first principles' can be applied to transition prediction.