Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Higher-Derivative Supergravity and String Cosmology

In this thesis we study theories with $mathcal{N}=1,D=4$ supersymmetry including higher-derivative operators for chiral multiplets. In particular, we initiate a systematic analysis of these higher-derivative operators and corrections to the scalar potential required by supersymmetry. For theories formulated in flat superspace the full scalar potential can be derived from a generalized K"ahler potential where the additional corrections arise from higher powers of the chiral auxiliary field. Consequently, the equations of motion for the auxiliary field admit several solutions. However, we demonstrate that in the context of effective field theories there exists only a single solution which is compatible with the principles of effective field theory. For supergravity we develop new tools that allow us to compute the component actions, but also simplify the determination of the linearized on-shell theory. We then classify the leading order and next-to-leading order superspace derivative operators and determine the component forms of a subclass thereof. Equipped with the higher-derivative actions in flat and curved superspace we proceed to investigate the vacuum structure of the theory. In particular, we study the properties of supersymmetric Minkowksi and $AdS_4$ vacua and also comment on non-supersymmetric vacua. In the second part of this thesis we turn to Calabi-Yau orientifold compactifications of type IIB string theory with background fluxes. We derive four-derivative terms for the volume modulus from ten-dimensional $(alpha')^3 mathcal{R}^4$-corrections and match these to a particular higher-derivative operator which we computed in the first part. Thereby, we can indirectly infer new $F^4$-type corrections to the scalar potential. Lastly, we study the relevance of this new correction for moduli stabilization and inflation. In particular, we demonstrate the possibility of stabilizing all K"ahler moduli model-independently just by $(alpha')^3$-corrections. Finally, we comment on realizations of plateau-type inflationary models via the new $F^4$-correction in the context of the Large Volume Scenario with K3-fibered compactification geometries.
BTT_A_385422 199..209

1Rheumatology Department, Biomab IPS, Bogotá, Colombia; 2Scientific Direction Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia; 3Research and Health Education Department, Comprehensive Solutions for Health Research and Education-SIIES, Bogotá, Colombia; 4Rheumatology and Immunology Department, Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, Colombia; 5Research Institute, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud–FUCS, Bogotá, Colombia
Large-scale shell model calculations of the 25,26Mg, 27Al and 19F nucleus

Shell model calculations were performed to study the energy levels for the 25,26Mg and 27Al nuclei by employing the sdpfnow effective interaction with the large-scale sdpf model space by using the shell model code [email protected] for Windows. The electron scattering form factors for 19F nucleus also have been studied with and without effective charge on the sdpf-model space and Tassie model. The Harmonic Oscillator and Skyrme potentials have been used to calculate the wave functions of radial single-particle matrix elements. The level schemes are compared with the experimental data. Coulomb and magnetic form factors in the present work include the transitions from ground state (1/2+ 1/2) to the (7/2+ 1/2), (9/2+ 1/2), (3/2− 1/2), and (11/2− 1/2) states in 19F. Good agreements were obtained for all nuclei under study for energy levels and form factors comparing with the available experimental data.
Uniform redundancy allocation maximizes the robustness of flow networks against cascading failures

We study the robustness of flow networks against cascading failures under a partial load redistribution model. In particular, we consider a flow network of $N$ lines with initial loads $L_1, \ldots, L_N$ and free-spaces $S_1, \ldots, S_N$ that are independent and identically distributed with joint distribution $P_{LS}(x,y)=P(L \leq x, S \leq y)$. The capacity $C_i$ is the maximum load allowed on line $i$, and is given by $C_i=L_i + S_i$. When a line fails due to overloading, it is removed from the system and $(1-\varepsilon)$-fraction of the load it was carrying (at the moment of failing) gets redistributed equally among all remaining lines in the system; hence we refer to this as the partial load redistribution model. The rest (i.e., $\varepsilon$-fraction) of the load is assumed to be lost or absorbed, e.g., due to advanced circuitry disconnecting overloaded power lines or an inter-connected network/material absorbing a fraction of the flow from overloaded lines. We analyze the robustness of this flow network against random attacks that remove a $p$-fraction of the lines. Our contributions include (i) deriving the final fraction of alive lines $n_{\infty}(p,\varepsilon)$ for all $p, \varepsilon \in (0,1)$ and confirming the results via extensive simulations; (ii) showing that partial redistribution might lead to (depending on the parameter $0<\varepsilon \leq 1$) the order of transition at the critical attack size $p^{*}$ changing from first to second-order; and (iii) proving analytically that the widely used robustness metric measuring the area $\int_{0}^{1} n_{\infty}(p,\varepsilon) \mathrm{d}p$ is maximized when all lines have the same free-space regardless of their initial load.
Radar Kinematic Information as a Surrogate for Isentropes in Stratiform Precipitation Systems

AbstractThis study illustrates that dual-Doppler-derived wind shear (vertical gradient of the horizontal wind) in stratiform, nonturbulent flow is structured in long, thin striations. The reason this has not been documented before is that scanning ground-based radars have inadequate vertical resolution, deteriorating with range. Here data from an airborne radar with a fine, range-independent vertical resolution are used. A comparison of the radar-derived wind shear with model output of isentropes in vertical transects in the comma head of two frontal disturbances suggests that the wind shear layers describe material surfaces. Model output itself further confirms the alignment of isentropes with wind shear in vertical transects. Thus, Doppler-radar-derived wind shear (a kinematic conserved variable) may serve as a suitable proxy for thermodynamic conserved variables such as equivalent potential temperature in stratiform precipitation. Furthermore, the presence of shear striations in vertical transects can .
Title Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances high-intensity running performance in moderate normobaric hypoxia , independent of aerobic fitness

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Intraocular Pressure and Ocular Pulse Amplitude Comparisons in Different Types of Glaucoma Using Dynamic Contour Tonometry

Purpose: To compare the intraocular pressures (IOP) and ocular pulse amplitudes (OPA) in patients with different types of glaucoma, ocular hypertension (OHT), and normal controls (NC) using dynamic contour tonometry (DCT) and the goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT). Methods: 906 eyes of 501 adult patients in the following five groups were included in this cross-sectional study: primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), normal tension glaucoma (NTG), Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma (PXG), OHT, and NC. The following tests were performed simultaneously during a single visit: IOP using DCT and GAT; OPA using DCT and central corneal thickness (CCT) using ultrasound pachymetry. Mixed effects regression models were used to compare the DCT and GAT IOP measurements in the five groups; the effect of CCT on IOP and the relationship between OPA and IOP within each group. Results: DCT consistently had higher IOP values than GAT in POAG, PXG, NTG, and controls (p < 0.001) but not in OHT (p = 0.84). DCT IOP did not change while GAT IOP showed a non-significant increase (p = 0.09) with increased corneal thickness in each group. OPA was found to be highest in OHT (3.61 mmHg) and lowest in the control group (2.86 mmHg) and significantly increased with IOP in all groups. Conclusions: DCT measures an IOP that is significantly higher than GAT IOP in glaucoma and control subjects but not in ocular hypertensives. Furthermore, the DCT may measure an IOP that is independent of the CCT, which may not be true for the GAT, which increases with the CCT. OPA was highest in OHT and may be affected by the IOP.
Partial Pocket Experiments for IFE Thick-Liquid Pocket Disruption and Clearing

Thick-liquid pockets can minimize the final-focus standoff for heavy-ion inertial fusion and substantially simplify materials requirements. Scaled water experiments have now demonstrated the creation of single stationary and oscillating jets suitable for forming a variety of potential pocket geometries. Efforts are now beginning to study multiple jet interactions, particularly those that occur during pocket disruption and regeneration, including droplet generation and clearing. Initially these experiments will consider the interactions of smaller clusters of jets, creating scaled “partial” pockets. This paper presents scaling analysis and experiments to show that cartridges loaded with smokeless gunpowder can match, in scaled water-jet experiments, the impulse-induced trajectories and clearing phenomena that IFE targets would generate with molten salt jets.
Loneliness and Cognitive Function in Older Adults Without Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND Loneliness has been highlighted as a risk factor for dementia. However, the nature of the relationship between loneliness and cognitive function prior to onset of dementia is unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the relationship between loneliness and cognitive function in samples screened for dementia at study commencement. METHODS Five electronic databases (PubMed, PsycNET, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Scopus) were searched from inception to August 31, 2021. A narrative review and random-effects meta-analysis were conducted on studies meeting search criteria. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020155539. RESULTS The sixteen studies that met inclusion criteria involved 30,267 individuals, with mean age ranging from 63.0 to 84.9 years. Studies varied in dementia screening criteria, measurement of loneliness and cognitive function, and statistical modeling approach. The narrative review indicated that loneliness was associated with poorer global cognition, episodic memory, working memory, visuospatial function, processing speed, and semantic verbal fluency. Results of the meta-analysis indicated that loneliness was negatively associated with global cognitive function (overall r = -0.08; 95% CI = -0.14, -0.02; n = 6). Due to lack of sufficient data and heterogeneity between studies, we were unable to explore associations with other cognitive domains or longitudinal associations. CONCLUSION Loneliness is associated with subtle impairment across multiple cognitive domains in older adults who were screened for dementia. Better characterization of this relationship will provide important information about how loneliness contributes to the clinical and pathological sequalae of AD and be informative for risk reduction and early detection strategies.
Towards high resolution Particle Image Velocimetry: Estimating turbulence statistics from the ensemble correlation

The research in resolving the smaller scales of turbulence has gained significant attention in recent years, owing to the advancements in the measurement techniques. High resolution experimental studies are required to investigate high Reynolds number flows where the scales of turbulence are very small. This is of particular importance in addressing the theoretical issues in studying high Reynolds number wall turbulence which finds applications in transport, energy, and aerospace industries. Hot-Wire Anemometry (HWA) is often employed to reach very high spatial resolution. Early research in Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), a qualitative flow visualization technique, was not able to achieve a higher resolution as comparable with that of HWA. However, recent developments in PIV allow high resolution measurements, using information on the time averaged ensemble correlation. The ensemble correlation can be used to reduce the size of the interrogation windows employed in a PIV analysis, without compromising for the particle image density in an interrogation window. This is achieved by using a large number of image pairs. In this thesis, ensemble correlation is used to study the turbulence in two specific cases: a turbulent jet and high Reynolds number pipe flow. The ensemble correlation, though being a time averaged quantity, contains information on the velocity Joint Probability Distribution Functions (JPDFs) which can be used to estimate the turbulence statistics. This information can be retrieved from the shape of the ensemble correlation. It is assumed that the ensemble correlation is the convolution of the auto-correlation and the velocity JPDFs. The velocity JPDFs are retrieved by estimating the second moments of the ensemble correlation by fitting a Gaussian profile, and further using a correction for auto-correlation. The second moments can be used to estimate the Reynolds stresses in the flow. The proposed method is validated by implementing it to study the turbulent jet. For this purpose, 9000 image pairs are acquired. The results show that the retrieved moments predict the Reynolds stresses accurately. Further, high Reynolds number pipe flow experiments are performed in the Alpha Loop facility at Deltares. The bulk Reynolds number is varied from 0.3 to 0.6 million, acquiring 20,000 image pairs per measurement series. Also, the pressure drop is measured across the pipe along with the PIV measurements to estimate the roughness of the pipe. The results from the PIV measurements show that the mean velocity profile follows a similar trend as observed in the literature. A small bias is observed between the mean velocity obtained from the ensemble correlation and that obtained by averaging the instantaneous velocity vectors, in regions of high velocity gradients. The Reynolds shear stress estimated from the shape of the ensemble correlation is underestimated. However, the streamwise turbulent fluctuations estimated follow a trend, similar to that observed in the literature.
Solution of the logarithmic Schrödinger equation with a Coulomb potential

The nonlinear logarithmic Schrödinger equation (log SE) appears in many branches of fundamental physics, ranging from macroscopic superfluids to quantum gravity. We consider here a model problem, in which the log SE includes an attractive Coulomb interaction. We derive an analytical solution for the ground state energy and wave function as a function of the strength of the logarithmic interaction. We develop an iterative finite element method to solve the Coulombic log SE for the spherically symmetric states. The ground state results agree with the exact solution to better than one part in 1010. The excited states (n>1) are converged to better than one part in 108. We also construct a remarkably simple variational wave function, consisting of a sum of Gaussons with n free parameters. One can obtain an approximation to the energy and wave function that is in good agreement with the finite element results. Although the Coulomb problem is interesting in its own right, the iterative finite element method and the variational Gausson basis approach can be applied to any central force Hamiltonian.
Tunable fluid-filled phononic metastrip

We study the propagation of Lamb waves in a one-dimensional tunable phononic metastrip composed of a periodic sequence of hollow pillars that can be selectively filled with water. Band structures and transmission properties are computed numerically for metastrips with different fluid fillings by using the finite element method. Good agreement is observed with experimental results obtained with an aluminum metastrip. In particular, it is found that the frequency range of bandgaps and passbands can be controlled through fluid filling. Our results imply that Lamb waves in the solid metastrip can be harnessed through changing the properties of the pillars via fluid-solid interaction. The work in this paper is relevant to practical design of tunable acoustic devices.
Chaperone Complexes From The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) And The Cytosol Inhibit wt-p53 By Activation The ER To Cytosol Signaling

The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is an essential sensing organelle responsible for the folding and secretion of almost one-third of eukaryotic cells’ total proteins. The ER contains numerous enzymes and chaperones which assist in oxidative protein folding and other posttranslational modifications. However, environmental, chemical, and genetic insults often lead to protein misfolding in the ER, accumulating misfolded proteins, altering homeostasis, and causing ER stress. Recently, we reported a novel ER surveillance mechanism by which proteins from the secretory pathway are refluxed to the cytosol to relieve the ER of its content during stress. In cancer cells, the refluxed proteins gain new pro-survival functions, thereby increasing cancer cell fitness. We termed this phenomenon ER to CYtosol Signaling (or “ERCY”). In yeast, ERCYS is regulated by HLJ1 (an ER-resident tail-anchored HSP40 cochaperone). Here, we found that in mammalian cells, HLJ1 has five putative orthologs possessing J-domains facing the cytosol. Among those, DNAJB12 and DNAJB14 appear to be the most significant. Mechanistically, we found that DNAJB12 and DNAJB14 bind the cytosolic HSC70 and its cochaperone – SGTA - through their cytosolically localized J-domains to facilitate ER-protein reflux to the cytosol. Moreover, we found that DNAJB12 is necessary and sufficient to drive this phenomenon to increase AGR2 reflux and inhibit wt-p53 during ER stress. Thus, we concluded that targeting the DNAJB12/14-HSC70/SGTA axis is a promising strategy to inhibit ERCYS and impair cancer cell fitness.
Influence of Temperate Forest Autumn Leaf Phenology on Segmentation of Tree Species from UAV Imagery Using Deep Learning

Remote sensing of forests has become increasingly accessible with the use of unoccupied aerial vehicles (UAV), along with deep learning, allowing for repeated high-resolution imagery and the capturing of phenological changes at larger spatial and temporal scales. In temperate forests during autumn, leaf senescence occurs when leaves change colour and drop. However, the influence of leaf senescence in temperate forests on tree species segmentation using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has not yet been evaluated. Here, we acquired high-resolution UAV imagery over a temperate forest in Quebec, Canada on seven occasions between May and October 2021. We segmented and labelled 23,000 tree crowns from 14 different classes to train and validate a CNN for each imagery acquisition. The CNN-based segmentation showed the highest F1-score (0.72) at the start of leaf colouring in early September and the lowest F1-score (0.61) at peak fall colouring in early October. The timing of the events occurring during senescence, such as leaf colouring and leaf fall, varied substantially between and within species and according to environmental conditions, leading to higher variability in the remotely sensed signal. Deciduous and evergreen tree species that presented distinctive and less temporally-variable traits between individuals were better classified. While tree segmentation in a heterogenous forest remains challenging, UAV imagery and deep learning show high potential in mapping tree species. Our results from a temperate forest with strong leaf colour changes during autumn senescence show that the best performance for tree species segmentation occurs at the onset of this colour change.
Search for the production of a Higgs boson in association with top quarks and decaying into a b-quark pair and b-jet identification with the ATLAS experiment at LHC

In July 2012, the ATLAS and CMS experiments announced the discovery of a new particle, with a mass about 125 GeV, compatible with the Standard Model Higgs boson. In order to assess if the observed particle is the one predicted by the Standard Model, the couplings if this Higgs boson to fermions have to be measured. In particular, the top quark has the strongest Yukawa coupling to the Higgs boson. The associated production of a Higgs boson with a pair of top quarks (ttH) gives a direct access to this coupling. The ttH process is accessible for the first time in the Run 2 of the LHC thanks to an upgrade of the detector, especially the IBL which improves b-tagging, and the increase of the center of mass energy to 13 TeV and of the integrated luminosity to 36.1 ifb in 2016. This thesis presents the search for ttH events with the Higgs boson decaying to a pair of b-quarks using data collected by the ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2016. The description of the background and the extraction of the ttH(H→bb) signal in data are obtained by a statistical matching on predictions to data. In particular the tt+jets background is the main limitation to signal sensitivity and is scrutinized. The identification of jets originating from b-quarks, called b-tagging, is a vital input to the search of ttH(H→bb) events because of the four b-quarks in the final state. For Run 2 the definition of b-flavored-jets in Monte Carlo simulations is revisited to improve the understanding of b-tagging algorithms and their performance. Standard b-tagging algorithms do not separate jets originating from a single b-quark from those originating from two b-quarks. Thus a specific method has been developed and is reviewed in this thesis.