Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A CLINICAL STUDY OF BENIGN BREAST DISEASE IN RURAL POPULATION

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Benign breast disease in females is very interesting as it has diverse varieties and presentations and also causes apprehension of malignancy to the patient. With variants in occurrence and presentation in different age groups it poses a great challenge to the study the pattern of disease, try and formulate the presentation archetype and histological variants of various types of benign breast diseases, and manage them. While at the same time confidently reassure the patients of that being not malignant. METHODOLOGY: 50 patients were studied with respect to clinical pattern, age, behavioural precedent, incidence among the patients in and around the institute which gives an idea of the prevalence of benign breast diseases. Appropriate investigations and management protocols were used. RESULTS: Fibroadenoma is the most common benign breast disease followed by fibroadenosis and cystosarcoma phyllodes. Mean age for our population with highest incidence of benign lesions is 27 years. Most common presentations are lump in breast, mastalgia, nipple discharge. FNAC was used as handy tool for planning and execution of the treatment by choosing the appropriate modality. Ultrasonography and mammography helped in differentiating benign from malignant lesions. Excision was treatment of choice for fibroadenoma, cystosarcoma phyllodes and fibroadenosis. Although in many cases reasonable response was obtained to conservative treatment. CONCLUSION: Benign breast disease is a challenging and fascinating subject. There is no significant classification of the benign breast diseases and inclusive terms. It is observed that though many of these diseases present themselves clinically differently, times are there when presentations are not fully favouring either of the benign type and sometimes they may clinically simulate malignant disease. This needs to be worked out by good understanding of basic presentations of benign breast disease and also conducting systematic clinical, sonological, mammographical and histological studies which may help in searching for answers to several questions that are being posed.
Hemorrhagic diabetic retinitis; a method of treatment based on the elevation of plasma albumin by diet.

Serious vascular damage used to be considered a complication of diabetes mellitus; it is becoming more generally recognized that this damage is an integral part of the disease. Previously it was hoped that eradication of hyperglycemia with the aid of insulin would prevent what was considered the "complications" of the disease. The careful observation of patients receiving adequate control of glycosuria and hyperglycemia has led to an ever increasing suspicion that this is not sufficient to prevent progressive vascular degeneration. Such progressive vascular disease leads to the tremendous morbidity and high mortality associated with retinal damage, renal failure, coronary artery sclerosis, and gangrene of long standing diabetes mellitus.
Management of Metastatic Disease to the Spine: An Evidenced-Based Approach

This article provides an approach to patient selection and treatment options for management of the patient with metastatic disease to the spine. Surgery is only a single tool in the armamentarium of treatment. Treatment is multifactorial, and a collaborative approach needs to be taken in devising the optimal treatment plan for a given patient. With evidenced-based treatment protocols, the highest quality of remaining life can be obtained for these patients. This article is divided into: section I, which addresses patient selection and evaluates functional outcomes after surgery. Section II discusses specific treatments, both surgical and radiation therapy. Section III discusses minimally invasive treatment (percutaneous vertebroplasty) and introduces future directions.
Effect of selective laser melting process parameters and aging heat treatment on properties of CuCrZr alloy

CuCrZr alloy with good comprehensive properties was prepared by adjusting the process parameters in the selective laser melting. The direct aging heat treatment at different temperatures of the alloy prepared by SLM further improves the performance. The final experimental results show that with the increase of laser power and the decrease of scanning speed, the overall performance of the alloy tends to increase gradually. With the increase of hatching distance, the overall performance of the alloy first increases and then decreases. After optimization, the maximum relative density can reach 97.65% when the laser power is 435w, the scanning speed is 350 mm s−1, and the hatching distance is 0.09 mm. At this time, the strength of the alloy can reach 267 MPa. As the aging temperature increases, the strength of the alloy gradually decreases and the electrical conductivity gradually increases. After aged at 500 °C, the strength and the electrical conductivity of the alloy can reach 490 MPa and 73% IACS respectively. There is an interaction between the scanning speed and the hatching distance, and it is necessary to reduce the hatching distance while increasing the scanning speed, so that it is possible to obtain a good performance alloy.
Working with emancipated foster youth: An outcomes assessment of Cameron Hill Associates

This study evaluated the outcomes of emancipated foster youth who have completed aftercare services with Cameron Hill Associates (CHA) in San Bernardino County. Thirty-nine graduates of the CHA Aftercare Program completed a quantitative survey covering the areas of educational status, employment status, housing, and general program-related questions. Pre-test data for all respondents was extracted from intake data contained in CHA client files. Post-test data was gathered by using a self-administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics including frequency distributions, measure of central tendency, and dispersion. Results of this study will be utilized by CHA in planning best practices for working with their current and future clientele.
Mini-incision for total hip arthroplasty

Objective: To study priliminarily the advantage of mini-incision for total hip arthroplasty (THA). Method:Compared a mini-incision technique and traditional posterior approach for THA.Nine patients who undergone a mini-incision THA were matched by 9 patients with similar conditions.The contrastive items included incision length,blood lose in operation,the postoperative drainage,operative time,postoperative pain,hospitalized days,expenses,early activity,complication and Harris scores.Result:In the similar conditions,it is found that blood lose in operative,the postoperative drainage,operative time,postoperative pain,hospitalized days and expenses were reduced significantly.There were no any influence to the operation success.Conclusion:Mini-incision technique is practicable.
Pack-boriding of low alloy steel: microstructure evolution and migration behaviour of alloying elements

ABSTRACT Low alloy steel was pack-borided at different processing temperatures (at 850, 950, and 1050°C) and times (2, 4, and 6 h). The microstructural characterisation of boronized steel showed the presence of three zones, namely boronized region containing finer grains and columnar geometry of (Fe, M)2B (where M = Cr, Mn, Mo, and Ni), transition zone, and non-boronized core. The concentrations of the alloying elements in (Fe, M)2B were increased from the surface to the core of the specimen. The pattern of slope variation of boron concentration–depth profile (obtained using GDOES) was linked with the boride morphology and process temperature. Pack-boriding of steel led to the development of systematic trend in slope variation of overall concentration–depth profiles of the alloying elements. The composition and morphology of boride affected the trend of slope variation for the boride-forming alloying elements. However, for Al and Si, the trend of slope variation was connected to the boride morphology and the composition of the matrix. Chemistry of the matrix was strongly dependent on the migration kinetics of the alloying elements during the boride growth. The migration kinetics of Cr, Mn, Mo, and C were found almost equivalent to the rate of boride growth. However, Ni, Al, and Si were migrated at a slower rate. Si showed the lowest migration kinetics among the alloying elements. The concentrations of the alloying elements having higher migration kinetics remained constant in the matrix during the boride growth.
Influence of pedestal radiation on the H–L transition using krypton seeded discharges at ASDEX Upgrade

Krypton can be a tool to refine and analyse the H–L power threshold in detail, as a proxy for L–H threshold, taking into account radiative losses in the region where the H–L transition takes place and, thus, decouple the power flux over the pedestal top to the one over the separatrix. The commonly used ITPA 2008 L–H threshold scaling does not account for radiation but it is often assumed that it should be compared to the net power crossing the separatrix. Yet, dedicated analyses are still lacking. At ASDEX Upgrade, krypton radiates dominantly at the very edge of the confined plasma (ρ pol between 0.97 and 1.01). Recent results show that L–H and H–L transitions are initiated close to ρ pol = 0.98. As such, the bulk of krypton radiation is between the separatrix and a potential source location for the transition. Scans in krypton seeding level and heating power have been performed to study and compare the influence of the powers radiated from inside the separatrix and the pedestal top on the plasma confinement state. The heating power is compared to the usual L–H power scaling but corrected by either of these two radiations for seeded H–L transitions. The power scaling is shown to remain valid for higher input and radiated powers, up to 3–5 times the non-seeded L–H power threshold of AUG, when the radiation inside the separatrix is subtracted from the input power. Additionally, kinetic and radiation profiles are used to run TRANSP analyses to compare the edge ion heat to past studies from unseeded discharges. Using this physical parameter gives a reference point from a very different parameter range of input and radiated powers, densities and back, instead of forward, transition.
Changes in Teachers' Beliefs and Practices in Technology-Rich Classrooms

An increase in colla(x>rath>e learning in ACOT classrooms is evident not only among older students but among much younger ones as well I fere, ttvo students at Sierem Creek Elementary School are working together to create a HyperCard® based rt'fxiri about California whales using a Macintosh^ computer Sam (a primary-grade student): 1 don't know if we'll have computers [next year). If we don't, it will be weird. Cause the teacher talks pretty long, and you have to listen.
PSYCHO-SOCIAL ASPECTS SUPPLEMENT Does Gender Matter? A Vignette Study of General Practitioners' Management Skills in Handling Patients with Alcohol-Related Problems

Aims:The aims of this study were to analyse the perceptions of female and male primary care physicians (PCPs) of alcohol problems in male and female patients, their recommendations to reduce or abstain from alcohol, their referrals to treatment and their views of safe levels of drinking for male and female patients. These factors were related to the physicians' own alcohol consumption. Methods: A slightly adjusted version of the WHO Collaborative Study Questionnaire for General Practitioners was posted to all PCPs (n = 132) in the district of Skaraborg, Sweden, of whom 68 PCPs responded. In the questionnaire, the PCPs' perceptions of two patient vignettes were analysed. Results: Both the gender of the patients in the vignettes and of the PCPs influenced the advice and the referrals that the patients received: 83% of male excessive drinkers and 47% of female excessive drinkers were recommended to cut down on drinking. In 50% of cases, the male excessive drinker was not referred, compared with 25% for the female excessive drinker. This was statistically significant only for excessive drinkers. The odds ratio for referral to any treatment was 0.33 (CI = 0.12-0.93) for the male excessive drinker compared with the female excessive drinker. The male PCP referred the excessive drinker less often to any treatment than did the female PCP, odds ratio 0.26 (CI = 0.08-0.90). The upper limit of alcohol consumption before the PCPs would advise the patient to cut down was significantly higher for PCPs with the AUDIT-C score ≥ 3. The limit was 146 g/week for male patients and 103 g/week for female patients. Corresponding figures for PCP with the AUDIT-C score ≤ 2 were 89 and 68 g/week. Conclusion: Male patients were less likely to be advised to stop drinking altogether than female patients and were less likely to be referred, according to this vignette study. Taking into account that male patients have a higher prevalence of alcohol problems, this may be of considerable importance for men's health outcomes. Implications of these findings are the need to increase awareness of male excessive drinking and that gendered perceptions might bias alcohol management recommendations.
Management of Chemotherapy Induced Dysgeusia: An Important Step Towards Nutritional Rehabilitation

Dysgeusia is an alteration in taste and is often associated with ageusia and hypogeusia. It is the most common problem or the side effect noted in almost all cancer patients receiving chemotherapy which severely affects their food intake. So a proper attention should be given to this aspect so as to improve the nutritional needs of these patients. There are also various other factors, which should be considered as risk factors for the development of dysgeusia. The clinician should be aware of all these risk factors and the differential diagnosis so as to be able to diagnose and manage such cases. Although non-pharmacologic management strategies are the one which are routinely recommended, pharmacologic recommendations require more research to alleviate this common side effect.
THE EFFECT OF DEPROTEINIZATION PRIOR TO ENAMEL ACID ETCHING ON PIT AND FISSURE SEALANT SHEAR BOND STRENGTH AND NANOLEAKAGE IN PERMANENT TEETH (IN-VITRO STUDY)

INTRODUCTION: Enamel deproteinization before acid etching can be used as a method to improve and enhance the sealant’s retentive andsealing abilityOBJECTIVES: To assess and compare the sealant shear bond strength and nanoleakage after placement on etched enamel with and withoutprior deproteinization.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty extracted sound human permanent teeth were selected. These were randomly divided into twogroups according to the enamel treatment methods, where group A (experimental group): deproteinization prior to acid etching and group B(control group): acid etching without deproteinization. Each group was further subdivided equally into two subgroups (n=20) according to thetest used whether shear bond strength and nanoleakage respectively. Shear bond strength test: Shear bond strength was measured usinguniversal testing machine. Mode of failure of each specimen was determined using stereomicroscope. Nanoleakage test: Sealed teeth were thenthermocycled, immersed in 50% silver nitrate solution for 24 hours, sectioned and evaluated quantitatively using energy dispersive x-rayspectrometer (EDX) and qualitatively using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data were collected, tabulated and statistically analyzedusing Mann-Whitney U test (P<0.05), chi square test and Post-hoc analysis.RESULTS: The rate of sealant shear bond strength was similar between the two groups (P=0.678), but the rate of sealantnanoleakage was significantly lower in the enamel deproteinization group (P<0.001) than in the control group.CONCLUSIONS: Deproteinization method prior to enamel acid etching improved shear bond strength and sealing ability of sealants.KEYWORDS: sealant, deproteinization, shear bond strength, nanoleakage
The Influence of Backward Sweep on Aerodynamic Performance of a 1.5-Stage Highly Loaded Axial Compressor

As a degree of freedom in three-dimensional blade design of axial compressor, the sweep technique significantly affects aerodynamic performance of axial compressors. In this paper, the influence of backward sweep rotor configurations on aerodynamic performance of a 1.5-stage highly loaded axial compressor is studied by numerical simulation. The aim of this work is to improve understanding of flow mechanism of backward sweep on aerodynamic performance of a highly loaded axial compressor. A commercial CFD package is employed for flow simulations and analysis. The study found that backward sweep had little effect on peak efficiency of the 1.5-stage axial compressor. At the design rotational speed, compared with baseline, backward sweep rotor configurations reduce the blade loading near the leading edge but slightly increases the blade loading near the trailing edge in the hub region. As the degree of backward sweep increases, total pressure ratio and stall margin of the 1.5-stage axial compressor increase first and then decrease. Among different backward sweep rotor configurations, the 10% backward sweep rotor configuration has the highest stall margin, which is about 2.5% higher than that of baseline. This is due to the change of downstream stator incidence, which improves flow capacity near the hub region. At 60% rotational design speed, passage shock disappears. Backward sweep rotor configurations deteriorate stall margin of the compressor, but increase total pressure ratio and adiabatic efficiency when flow rate is lower than that at peak efficiency condition. Therefore, it’s necessary to consider flow field structure of axial compressors in the design process and use the design freedom of sweep to improve the aerodynamic performance. INTRODUCTION With the rapid development of turbomachinery technology, the design requirements of compressors are moving toward highly loaded, highly efficiency and highly stall margin. To meet above requirements, the sweep technique has been widely used in the design process of compressors. The concept of sweep was initially developed for aircraft wing to successfully reduce drag and flow losses. It was later discovered that the sweep technique has large impact on aerodynamic performance of axial compressors. Up to now, development of the sweep technique has gone through four stages: preliminary exploration of sweep concept, in-depth study of backward sweep technique, in-depth study of transonic compressor forward sweep technique, and in-depth study of subsonic compressor sweep technique (Ji et al., 2005). Wadia et al. (1997) studied the influence of sweep on transonic compressor and concluded that forward sweep can improve efficiency and stall margin of a transonic compressor. Hah et al. (1998) conducted a detailed study on the influence mechanism of sweep on position and structure of passage shock wave in a transonic compressor. It was considered that the shock surface was gradually perpendicular to the casing
Analysis of the Influence of Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity on Heat Transfer by Al2O3-Water Nanofluid

The addition of nanoparticles into liquid, even at low concentrations, leads to an increase in both, dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the increase in temperature causes an increase in thermal conductivity and a decrease in the nanofluid viscosity. In this context, a numerical investigation of the competition between viscosity and thermal conductivity about their effects on heat transfer by Al2O3-water nanofluid was conducted. A numerical study of heat transfer in a square cavity, filled with Al2O3-water nanofluid and heated from the left side, was presented in this paper. Continuity, momentum, and thermal energy equations are solved by the finite volume method. Regarding the pressure-velocity coupling, the SIMPLER algorithm was used. The working conditions, allowing the increase of heat transfer, are established. In addition, two correlations for viscosity and thermal conductivity of Al2O3-water nanofluid as functions of the concentration and diameter size based on experimental measurement are proposed. These correlations were more precisely compared to those given by the theoretical models. Moreover, other models for viscosity and conductivity depending on temperature are used and discussed. The results reveal that heat transfer by Al2O3-water nanofluid is enhanced only when the temperature exceeds 40°C and the diameter size does not exceed a certain limit of the order of 45-50 nm depending on temperature.
Study on direct health expenditure of diabetes mellitus in China

Objective:To estimate the direct health expenditure of diabetes in China.Methods:Matched case-control method was used to calculate the ratio of direct health expenditure between those with or without diabe- tes.The ratio was then standardized to estimate the national health expenditure on diabetes in 2004.Results:The ratio of annual direct health expenditure between each diabetic and nondiabetic is 2.47. The national health expendi- ture on diabetes is estimated to be 57.47 billion Yuan in 2004,which is about 7.57% of national health expenditure in 2004.Conclusions:The percentage of direct health expenditure on diabetes in national health expenditure is reac- hing that of some developed countries.Effective actions should be taken to reduce economic burden of diabetes.
Role of Diagnostic Laparoscopy in Chronic Pelvic Pain

Introduction: Chronic pelvic pain is non cyclic pain of six or more months duration that localizes to the anatomical pelvis, anterior abdominal pain at or below umbilicus, the lumbosacral back, or the buttocks, and is of sufficient severity to cause functional disability or lead to medical care1.Chronic pelvic pain is one of the most common gynecological symptoms and one of the most important in terms of social costs Objective: To study the role of diagnostic laparoscopy in chronic pelvic pain. To compare the findings of laparoscopy in patients of chronic pelvic pain and patients undergoing routine laparoscopic tubal ligation. Materials and Method: This study was conducted at Saraswathi institute of medical sciences(HAPUR,U.P) during the period between January 2018 to December 2019. Total 110 cases were enrolled.55 cases whohad been suffering from chronic pelvic pain for 6 months (or more) were taken as study group-(A). 55cases without any symptoms who underwent laparoscopic sterilization were taken as control group-(B). Results: 10.60% cases with chronic pelvic pain had normal findings whereas 25.25% cases were normal on laparoscopy. Endometriosis was suspected in 7.27% cases on ultrasonography, where as it was confirmed on laparoscopy in 18.1%. Similarly PID was suspected in 12.72% cases whereas it was confirmed on laparoscopy in14.54% cases. Conclusion: In our study we could conclude that the treatment of cases of chronic pelvic pain post diagnostic laparoscopy are adhesiolysis, endometriotic cyst removal, Ovarian Cystectomy and Hydrosalpinx.