Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polycyano–polycadmate host clathrates including a methylviologen dication. Syntheses, crystal structures and photo-induced reduction of methylviologen dication

A series of polycyano–polycadmate host clathrates including a methylviologen dication (MV2+), which is a strong electron acceptor, and an organic molecule, such as alcohols, haloalkanes, ethers and small aromatics, and two complexes built of a polycyano–polycadmate and MV2+ have been synthesized. Single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments on ten clathrates and the two complexes revealed their 3-D network polycyano–polycadmate structures constructed with Cd2+ ions and CN− bridges. The network structures are classified into five structure types. Type I, II and III were found in the clathrates, and Type IV and V were found in the two complexes. Type I and II have cage-like cavities and each of the cavities includes one guest, MV2+ or an organic molecule. Type III has a channel-like cavity where MV2+ ions and organic molecules are included. Type IV and V have 3-D cavities, the shape of which is neither cage-like nor channel-like, for embracing MV2+. Although all compounds were colorless and the formation of a charge transfer complex between MV2+ and a neutral guest in the clathrates was not confirmed from the crystal structure data and diffuse reflectance spectra, some of them showed a color change from colorless to blue on UV irradiation, which arose from the reduction of MV2+ to a methylviologen radical cation MV+˙.
Validating methods for measuring δ18O and δ13C in otoliths from freshwater fish

The ability of the phosphoric acid digestion technique to extract carbon dioxide from biogenic carbonates and reliably reproduce δ18O and δ13C signatures from standard reference materials (NBS-18, NBS-19) was tested and shown to produce accurate, unbiased measurements of non-biologic materials. The effects of roasting preparation methods commonly reported when analyzing biogenic carbonates were also tested in a series of experiments using reference standards and otoliths obtained from aquacultured Arctic charr and rainbow trout. Roasting had no effect on the isotope measurement of reference standards. No significant differences between mean oxygen isotope signatures from paired experiments with roasted and non-roasted fish otoliths were found. However, otolith oxygen isotope measurements were significantly enriched in comparison to rearing water-based measurements for both species. Agreement between expected isotopic equilibrium and measured otolith δ18O values varied as a function of roasting temperature and between species. Criteria for the selection of appropriate roasting temperatures are suggested and favour 350°C in freshwater fish where unbiased estimates of average rearing water temperatures and known differences in rearing temperatures were obtained. Carbon isotopic disequilibria were observed for both species. A mixing model analysis established differences in the percentage of metabolically derived carbon in studied otoliths, with Arctic charr deriving a greater proportion of otolith δ13C from metabolism as a result of higher metabolic rates. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self-Preservation at Low Pressures of Methane Hydrates with Various Gas Contents

Metastable self-preservation of methane hydrates at atmospheric pressure has been reported by a number of researchers. It is suggested that this property could be utilized to transport stranded natural gas at higher temperatures and lower pressures compared to conventional liquefied natural gas methods. In previous papers, a number of factors, such as the influence of the preservation pressure (in addition to the atmospheric pressure) and of the gas concentration in the hydrate, have not been considered. The experimental work, carried out with the help of a reaction calorimeter on samples with different gas (and ice) contents, has revealed that the dissociation rate of the hydrates with high gas contents is higher than that of hydrates with less gas. The influence of pressure and temperature in the ranges of 0.1−0.3 MPa and −4 to −1 °C, respectively, has also been studied, together with the effect of previous subcooling. For the practical and economical application of the self-preservation property to gas.
Effect of Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere on Microbial Growth and Quality of Salmon Slices

Salmon slices (Salmo salar) were packed under CO 2 and stored in a chill room at 2 ± 1°C for 3 weeks. A study was carried out on the effect of CO 2 atmosphere on bacterial growth as well as on chemical deterioration (pH, total volatile bases, (TVB), trimethylamine (TMA), lipid oxidation) and sensory features (exudation, raw fish odour, cooked fish flavour). Results were compared with a control stored in air. Salmon slices stored under CO 2 had a shelf-life of nearly twice as long as those in air, having lower bacterial counts, pH, TMA and TVB, as well as improved sensory features after 18 days at 2 ± 1°C. Exudation was not significantly different between control and CO 2 -stored samples after 10 days ice storage. Exudate values extended from 1 to 2% for CO 2 -stored samples after 10 and 20 days storage, respectively. Salmon slices can be stored under CO 2 at 2 ± 1°C for about 18 days, with no substantial loss of quality. Shelf-life can vary depending upon the state of fish, handling practices, initial bacterial load and storage temperature.
Financial Development and Economic Growth in Jordan ( 2001-2012 )

This paper examines and investigates the linkage between financial development and economics growth in Jordan . Economists have done a lot of investigations on the topic of economic growth. They have created many theories explaining mechanisms of this growth, for instance there are very well known models of economic growth. There are some examples of empirical researches which show that financial market development is not only correlated with economic growth but it causes this growth. This mechanism results from the fact that financial market (mainly through stock exchange and banking sector) extends capital for realization of various investment undertakings in economy. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the mutual relationships between economic growth (GDP) in Jordan and development of market financial system. We mean a system in which at least one part of concluded transactions is a private one. We will present a simultaneous econometric model based on the annual sample of 2001-2012 which was built in order to estimate these mutual relationships.
DETERMINANTS OF OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY AND SOLVENCY OF LOGISTICS JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES

Operational Efficiency (OE) and solvency play an important role in the success of any enterprises. Therefore, studying the relationship between OE and solvency needs to be taken comprehensively and continuously in order to find out long term solutions for increasing business effectiveness. This paper examines the determinants of OE and the relationship between OE and solvency of the logistics joint-stock companies (JSCs) listed on the Vietnam Stock market with answers for the above-mentioned issues. This study mainly investigates 30 listed logistics firms from 2014 to 2018. The findings of this study suggested that the relationship between OE and solvency of logistics JSCs is inversely correlation.
Product Market Relatedness, Antitrust and Merger Decisions

We study how merger decisions between public firms in the US are affected by the similarity between the product markets of the acquirer and the potential target. The relation between the likelihood of the merger and the product market similarity is non-monotonic, in the shape of an inverted U. We offer two reasons for this finding. First, when the product markets are very similar, there is a high chance that antitrust investigations will block the merger. We find that this effect is stronger in markets that are more concentrated and in years where antitrust regulatory intensity is high. Second, the synergies from the merger are less if the product markets are very related. Hence, firms are more likely to acquire targets with which they have a medium rather than a high level of product market similarity.
Diels-Alder Reactivity of Butadiene and Cyclic Five-Membered Dienes ((CH)4X, X ) CH2, SiH2, O, NH, PH, and S) with Ethylene: A Benchmark Study

Ab initio (SCF, MP2, MP3, and CCSD(T)) and DFT (B3LYP) calculations were done on a variety of five-membered cyclic dienes, (CH)4X (X = CH2, SiH2, O, NH, PH, and S) with ethylene as a dienophile. Comparison of results with the available experimental data indicates that the CCSD(T) level with the 6-31G* basis set is adequate in obtaining quantitative answers, both in terms of activation barriers and reaction energies. The hybrid density functional B3LYP and ab initio MP3 methods showed very good agreement with CCSD(T) results. The HF and MP2 methods are good only in reproducing the trends and fail in quantitative agreement. The changes as a function of basis set in energetics are rather small at B3LYP and MP3 levels, thus indicating that the 6-31G* basis set is adequate to model Diels−Alder reactions. However, the dynamic electron correlation is essential in obtaining correct activation energies. The present systematic study indicates that MP3/6-31G* is the minimum necessary level of theory to obtain reliab.
Outdoor weathering of polyamide and polyester ropes used in fall arrest equipment

In this work, the effect of natural climatic aging on two ropes made from polyamide 6 (PA6) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was evaluated. Samples of rope from both materials underwent a continuous outdoor aging treatment spanning 6 months in Montreal's weather. Tensile tests carried out on aged PA6 ropes showed an increase in ultimate strain and a decrease in breaking force when compared with as-received values, while PET ropes exhibited a slight increase in ultimate strain as their breaking force remained unchanged. FTIR analyses of aged PET samples revealed a new absorption band in the hydroxyl region ascribed to the OH stretching vibrations of carboxylic acid end groups. FTIR quantitative analyses of the absorption bands in the carbonyl region of aged PA6 spectra displayed an increase in intensity that indicates the occurrence of chemical degradation reactions. The degree of crystallinity of PA6, calculated from differential scanning calorimetry data, was found to increase after the weathering treatment, a result confirmed by X-ray diffraction analyses. The higher crystalline fraction is believed to entail an increase in the density of PA6 fibers, which give rise to the length reduction seen in PA6 ropes after the aging treatment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3058–3065, 2013
CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND INFLATION UNCERTAINTY: EVIDENCE FROM A POOLED SAMPLE OF DUTCH FIRMS

This research extends the literature on the macroeconomic determinants of capital structure. In particular, I study the relationship between inflation uncertainty and firm’s debt-to-equity ratio according to debt maturities, which to the best of my knowledge, previous papers have neglected. I also examine if inflation uncertainty interacts with firm’s tangibility in lowering leverage. Using the pooled sample of listed Dutch firms in Euronext Amsterdam, the OLS panel data regressions show that inflation uncertainty has a strong negative relationship with firm’s long-term leverage, after controlling for market-to-book ratio, tangibility, interest rate, and size. However, this finding only robust for large firms. Moreover, no evidence of the interaction between inflation uncertainty and firm’s tangibility in influencing firm’s leverage.
Ion energy uniformity in high-frequency capacitive discharges

Ion energy distribution functions and ion fluxes in low-pressure, high-frequency (13.56–80MHz) capacitive discharges were investigated both theoretically and experimentally. In most of the conditions explored, the ion energy distribution function was a single peak centered at the time-averaged plasma potential. Lower energy ions with higher fluxes are obtained as the frequency increases. The uniformity of the ion energy across large-area electrodes (40cm2) was also studied in conditions under which the standing wave effect is important, i.e., conditions such that the rf voltage and the ion flux are strongly nonuniform. Unlike the latter quantities, the ion energy was uniform across the reactor at all frequencies, due to dc current flowing radially in the plasma and in the electrodes.
Fragile New Economy: Intangible Capital, Corporate Savings Glut, and Financial Instability∗

Intangible-intensive firms in the U.S. hold an enormous amount of liquid assets that are in fact short-term debts issued by financial intermediaries. This paper builds a macro-finance model that captures this structure. A self-perpetuating savings glut emerges in equilibrium. As intangibles become increasingly important for production, firms hoard more liquidity to finance investments in intangibles with limited pledgeability. The resulting low interest rates induce intermediaries to increase leverage and bid up asset prices, which in turn encourages firms to invest more and hoard even more liquidity to fund expansion. Along these secular trends, endogenous risk accumulates in the financial system. ∗I am grateful to Tobias Adrian, Juliane Begenau, Jonathan Berk, Patrick Bolton, Diana Bonfim, Maria Chaderina, Guojun Chen, Itay Goldstein, Gur Huberman, Jianjun Miao, Kjell Nyborg, Martin Oehmke, Adrifano Rampini, Tano Santos, Thomas Sargent, José Scheinfkman, Suresh Sundaresan, Neng Wang, and Pengfei Wang for helpful comments, and to John Lynch for excellent research assistance. I am also grateful to conference and seminar participants at CEPR ESSFM Gerzensee, Columbia University, CMU/OSU/Pittsburgh/Penn State Junior Conference, European Finance Association annual meeting, European Winter Finance Summit, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Finance Theory Group summer school, HKUST Annual Macro Workshop, LBS Trans-Atlantic Doctoral Conference, North America Summer Meeting of Econometric Society, and Western Finance Association annual meeting. I acknowledge the generous financial support from the Macro Financial Modeling Group of Becker Friedman Institute (University of Chicago) and Studienzentrum Gerzensee. All errors are mine. This paper was previously circulated under the title “Fragile New Economy: The Rise of Intangible Capital and Financial Instability”. †The Ohio State University. E-mail: li.8935@osu.edu
Concentration-modulated absorption spectroscopy. Part 4.—The use of continuous-wave lasers

The concentration-modulation approach to the study of absorption spectra of atoms and molecules developed with mode-locked dye lasers is extended in this paper to continuous-wave lasers. A ‘gain’ theory is developed for use with c.w. lasers and a comparison is made between the ‘gain’ measurements of our c.w. experiments and those of earlier studies using pulsed lasers. The experimental agreement between the measured c.w. ‘gain’ and the pulsed ‘gain’, after correcting for differences between the experimental arrangements employed, provides strong support for the ‘gain’ theory developed here. It is clearly seen that by means of this theory and the derived equations it will be possible to evaluate species concentrations where the state lifetimes are known, or the lifetimes where the concentrations are known. These studies provide a firm foundation for expansion of the applicability of this highly sensitive absorption technique for kinetic and spectroscopic investigation of chemical systems.
PEMFC Contamination Model: Competitive Adsorption Demonstrated with NO2

A mathematical model is presented relating the presence of NO 2 in the oxidant stream to the fuel cell performance loss. Both contamination and recovery processes are considered. The model is validated using cell voltage/current density distribution and cell voltage change as a function of NO 2 concentration transient data. The model is used to discuss NO 2 threshold concentrations and contaminant screening. General and NO 2 specific gaps in contaminant characterization methodology are also highlighted.
Influence of post harvest processing conditions on yield and quality of ground turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

Studies were carried out to evaluate the influence of post harvest processing conditions on yield and quality of ground turmeric. Rhizomes were peeled, cooked (autoclave or immersion) in water or alkaline media, sliced, dehydrated, ground, sieved, packaged in polyethylene bags and stored for 60 days at room temperature. Yields ranged from 9.84 to 14.51 g of powder/100 g of rhizome with moisture varying from 8.84 to 9.86 g/100 g. Peel removal caused 30% mass loss but the powder obtained had higher intensity of yellow and red. Cooking caused a reduction in dehydration time and provided a powder with lower moisture content, higher levels of curcuminoid pigments and higher Hunter CIE L*, a* and b* values. Cooking by immersion provided higher quality powder compared to autoclave. Use of alkaline media resulted in a product with lower curcuminoid content, and higher intensity of yellow. There was no change in pigment and colour characteristics during storage.
Stability and Hydrolyzation of Metal Organic Frameworks with Paddle-Wheel SBUs upon Hydration

Instability of most prototypical metal organic frameworks (MOFs) in the presence of moisture is always a limitation for industrial scale development. In this work, we examine the dissociation mechanism of microporous paddle wheel frameworks M(bdc)(ted)0.5 [M = Cu, Zn, Ni, Co; bdc = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate; ted = triethylenediamine] in controlled humidity environments. Combined in situ IR spectroscopy, Raman, and Powder X-ray diffraction measurements show that the stability and modification of isostructual M(bdc)(ted)0.5 compounds upon exposure to water vapor critically depend on the central metal ion. A hydrolysis reaction of water molecules with Cu–O–C is observed in the case of Cu(bdc)(ted)0.5. Displacement reactions of ted linkers by water molecules are identified with Zn(bdc)(ted)0.5 and Co(bdc)(ted)0.5. In contrast,. Ni(bdc)(ted)0.5 is less susceptible to reaction with water vapors than the other three compounds. In addition, the condensation of water vapors into the framework is necessary to initia.
The Frequency of Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars Based on SDSS Spectroscopy

Abstract The publicly available stellar database from SDSS contains many hundreds of metal-poor stars with large enhancements of carbon. The Galactic extension of SDSS, SEGUE, will identify several thousand more. Many of these Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor (CEMP) stars are likely to be enhanced in s-process elements created by AGB companions and dumped to the surviving member of a binary pair through either Roche-Lobe mass transfer or the operation of a stellar wind (CEMP-s stars). Based on previous high-resolution investigation of CEMP stars, an interesting subset of this sample is expected to show little or no s-process enhancement (CEMP-no stars). Utilizing a novel technique of automatically fitting [Fe/H] and [C/Fe] for a large number of stars from SDSS through spectral synthesis methods, we are able to derive a new estimate of the frequency of CEMP stars as a function of metallicity for the largest sample of stars to date. Using this approach, we can also measure abundances (or limits) for species such as Sr and Ba, which can be used to roughly separate CEMP stars into the CEMP-s and CEMP-no classes.
MASS TRANSFER IN A RECIPROCATING PLATE BIOREACTOR

Abstract An experimental program has been initiated to evaluate the performance of a reciprocating plate bioreactor for its use in viscous fermentations. The investigation is divided into three parts: (1) to study the hydrodynamics within the bioreactor, (2) to determine the axial dispersion coefficient and the overall oxygen mass transfer coefficient as a function of the operating conditions, and (3) the evaluation of a reciprocating plate column as a bioreactor for viscous fermentations. This paper reports on the determination of the axial dispersion coefficient and on the measurement of the overall oxygen transfer coefficient. Experiments were done in water on a semi batch scheme (no water flow) in a 1.26m high and 101.6mm internal diameter column. It was found that the axial dispersion coefficient is a strong function of the reciprocation speed whereas it is relatively unaffected by the aeration flow rate. The overall oxygen transfer coefficient was determined with two separate methods: (1) the sulfit.
What forms of innovations are important for export performance: Evidence from Central and East European countries

In this paper we study the relationship between different forms of innovations and export performance of Central and East European (CEE) countries. Our analytical framework refers to the new trade theory literature based on the Melitz (2003) model that stresses the importance of firm productivity in entering the export markets. We treat innovations as a key element that can increase the level of firm productivity. The measures of innovative activity of companies can include both spending on R&D as well as its effects, such as different forms of innovation: product, process, marketing, organizational and managerial. We focus our analysis on the significance of these four forms of innovations for exports. The empirical implementation of the theoretical framework is based on the probit models, applied to the fifth edition of BEEPS V firm level data set covering the period 2011-2014. This data base includes the innovation module, analysing various forms of innovations. First we analyse the role of R&D on exports. Our preliminary results indicate that the probability of exporting is positively related to both product and process innovations. The marketing and managerial innovations do not seem to affect export performance of firms. We analyze the importance of innovations controlling for labor productivity, firm size, the share of university graduates in productive employment, foreign capital participation and the use of foreign licenses.
Nutritional status of cashew gardens in Sindhudurg district of Konkan region (M.S.)

In order to study the nutritional status of cashew growing gardens in Sindhudurg district, a nutritional survey was carried out collecting surface soil (0-30 cm) samples from the farmers field. Two surface samples from each farmer from Bhedsi, Sateli, Sateli-Bhedsi, Zare-Bhamber, Zare-Ambeli and Ambeli villages in Dodamarg and Banda tehsil of Sindhudurg district were collected and analysed during the year 2014-15. In all 38 soil samples were collected for the study. The data pertaining to physico-chemical properties of soils showed that the soil samples were moderately acidic in reaction with low electrical conductivity and indicated high content of organic carbon. Thirty two percent (32%) soil samples were medium and sixty eight percent (68%) soil samples were high in available nitrogen content which led to high fertility status of soil. As far as the available phosphorus content was concerned, it showed a nutrient index 1.0 which indicated low fertility status of the soil. In respect of available potassium content, a nutrient index of 2.3 was observed which indicated medium fertility status of the soils. From the correlation studies it could be seen that the pH and organic carbon content of the soils showed dominant effect on the available major nutrients of the soils.