Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exact three‐dimensional spectral solution to surface‐groundwater interactions with arbitrary surface topography

It has been long known that land surface topography governs both groundwater flow patterns at the regional‐to‐continental scale and on smaller scales such as in the hyporheic zone of streams. Here we show that the surface topography can be separated in a Fourier‐series spectrum that provides an exact solution of the underlying three‐dimensional groundwater flows. The new spectral solution offers a practical tool for fast calculation of subsurface flows in different hydrological applications and provides a theoretical platform for advancing conceptual understanding of the effect of landscape topography on subsurface flows. We also show how the spectrum of surface topography influences the residence time distribution for subsurface flows. The study indicates that the subsurface head variation decays exponentially with depth faster than it would with equivalent two‐dimensional features, resulting in a shallower flow interaction.
"In Russia we were Germans, and now we are Russians." - Dilemmas of identity formation and and communication among German-Russian Aussiedler

This paper reports preliminary findings generated by a German-Israeli research project on the production and consumption of media by and for ethnic and minority communities. It discusses questions of social integration of ethnic minorities and mass media with respect to dilemmas of identity formation and communication among German-Russian Aussiedler. In the conceptual part, it is assumed that integration must be seen as a complex process of reciprocal social exchange between minority and majority communities, in which selfdefinitions and other-definitions play a crucial role. The media enter the picture as the negotiations of group identities are based on communication in the public sphere. Mass media create a social and political reality, thereby providing a reference system for both majority and minority communities. Against this background, identity politics and mass media functions are examined on the basis of focus group discussions with German-Russian Aussiedler. Identity politics among Ethnic Germans is fundamentally linked to the dilemma that, on the one hand, as full German citizens they belong to the majority society in legal terms. On the other hand, because of their cultural heritage, the experience of migration and language barriers, they feel excluded from the majority community to which they want to belong so badly. Concerning the role of mass media, we found that identity formation, as it is revealed by the orientations of Ethnic Germans, is not made an issue whatsoever in either minority media nor majority media. Not even the media produced for Russian-Germans in Germany touch on questions of identity or self-location of the minority vis a vis the majority. Instead, the minority media are full of practical cookbook-recipes of how to behave properly in a stereotypically-portrayed German society.
Exploring place attachment and visions of nature of water-based recreationists: the case of the longitudinal dams

Abstract This study concerns an innovative project in the Dutch river Waal: the construction of longitudinal dams. By splitting the river into a main and secondary channel, these dams significantly impact the river landscape and the way it is used by different stakeholders. We report the results of a baseline study of the expectations local water-based recreationists (fishermen and boaters) had of the longitudinal dams before they were constructed. In addition, we explore their levels of place attachment, and use the visions of nature approach to elicit their lay philosophy of nature. We found that fishermen were more strongly attached to the area than boaters. Though expectations of the dams were generally negative, this differed significantly between fishermen and boaters, and between different dimensions of landscape change. We demonstrate the relevance of place attachment and visions of nature for understanding how recreationists perceive landscape change.
Immunohistochemical Studies on Infectious Laryngotracheitis in the Respiratory Tract Lesions in Naturally Infected Laying Hens

In this study, naturally infected by Gallid Herpesvirus type-1 in laying hens to be diagnosed by pathological and PCR methods. Sixty pieces of hens were collected in coops from Central Anatolia region. After necropsy, routine pathological processes were applied to the trachea/ larynx, sinuses, lungs and air sacs. All organs were also stained by immunoperoxidase method, and PCR methods were applied to formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues. Immunohistochemically, the positivities were seen in trachea/larynx (78.3%), sinuses (61.6%), lungs (45%) and air sacs (50%). Positive reactions were observed, in mucous and gland epithelia especially located at intracytoplasmic and rarely intranuclear. PCR positivity was observed in the trachea/larynx in 15 (25%) cases, in infraorbital sinus in 11 (18.3%) cases, in lungs in 8 (13.3%) cases and in air sacs in 6 (10%) cases following the tests performed. Following these results, it is easily concluded that histopathology and immunoperoxidase method can usable for diagnosing of the ILT. However, PCR results made by FFPE tissues showed that this method is not adequate to diagnose the ILT alone.
Uniform Sampling from Kconﬁg Feature Models

—Random sampling of conﬁguration spaces is a useful tool for working with software product lines (SPLs), enabling, analyzing and reasoning about spaces too large for exhaustive exploration. Being able to create uniform sampling is critical for making statistical inferences about SPLs, but it particularly hard for massive, real-world systems. We show how uniform random sampling can be done on systems that use the Kconﬁg feature modeling language, a popular choice among low-level and embedded systems. Despite its importance, prior work considered uniform random sampling infeasible and sampled conﬁgurations without conﬁrming that their samples were uniformly distributed. Especially, existing Kconﬁg models were not known to be suitable for uniform random sampling, although they were used extensively. We solve these challenges with algorithmic advances embodied in two tools: Kclause to produce compact models and Smarch to perform efﬁcient sampling guaranteed to be uniform. Kclause has been extended to model Kconﬁg semantics with hand-tuned, simpliﬁed formulas that minimizing the number of clauses, a critical property for fast sampling. Smarch is a new recursive, sampling algorithm based on sharpSAT that supports massive conﬁguration spaces with 38% faster sampling times.
Quality of broiler meat of the free-range type submitted to diets containing alternative feedstuffs

The work had the intention of investigating the effect of the use of alternative feeds as part replacers in diet-formulating, evaluating the characteristic physicochemical alterations and centesimal composition of the free-range chicken. In the experiment a total of 192 (one hundred and ninety-two) birds of the Pescoço Pelado (Label Rouge) strain arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) formed by 4 treatments (Treatment 1 (Control), Treatment 2 (10% of the inclusion of rice bran), Treatment 3 (10% of the inclusion of ground cassava leaf) and Treatment 4 (10% of the inclusion of ground leucaena hay) with 8 replicates per treatment were used. The results revealed greater values of b* (yellow), Saturation (C*) and pH for broiler meat with inclusion of ground cassava leaf and leucaena, while for the other variables of physicochemical composition, no influences of the treatments were not found. For centesimal composition the treatments showed greater values of moisture in relation to the control treatment. For sex, only a difference for the content of b* and C* was found, with higher values for female. The use of the alternative feedstuffs has not revealed marked influences on the chemical composition and quality parameters of free-ranging chicken’s meat with the use of replacement up to 10% in the diets.
Moral Judgment Developmental Differences Between Gifted Youth and College Students

In order to better understand contributing factors of moral judgment development, gifted youth and college students were compared. Moral judgment development, ACT scores, attributional complexity, and descriptors of personality were assessed among 140 college students and 97 gifted youth. Important distinctions favoring the gifted sample were seen among aspects of all considered variables. Stepwise hierarchical regression models noted that there was variability in how these variables accounted for the moral judgment developmental variance of each group. Discussed are explanations for the differences seen in the gifted sample relative to the college sample. Efforts to understand populations prone to early advancement, such as the gifted, are recommended in the hopes of transferring gained knowledge to other populations.
The Evaporation Valley in the Kepler Planets

A new piece of evidence supporting the photoevaporation-driven evolution model for low-mass, close-in exoplanets was recently presented by the California–Kepler Survey. The radius distribution of the Kepler planets is shown to be bimodal, with a “valley” separating two peaks at 1.3 and 2.6 R⊕. Such an “evaporation valley” had been predicted by numerical models previously. Here, we develop a minimal model to demonstrate that this valley results from the following fact: the timescale for envelope erosion is the longest for those planets with hydrogen/helium-rich envelopes that, while only a few percent in weight, double its radius. The timescale falls for envelopes lighter than this because the planet’s radius remains largely constant for tenuous envelopes. The timescale also drops for heavier envelopes because the planet swells up faster than the addition of envelope mass. Photoevaporation therefore herds planets into either bare cores (∼1.3 R⊕), or those with double the core’s radius (∼2.6 R⊕). This process mostly occurs during the first 100 Myr when the stars’ high-energy fluxes are high and nearly constant. The observed radius distribution further requires the Kepler planets to be clustered around 3 M⊕ in mass, born with H/He envelopes more than a few percent in mass, and that their cores are similar to the Earth in composition. Such envelopes must have been accreted before the dispersal of the gas disks, while the core composition indicates formation inside the ice line. Lastly, the photoevaporation model fails to account for bare planets beyond ∼30–60 days; if these planets are abundant, they may point to a significant second channel for planet formation, resembling the solar system terrestrial planets.
Corn and soybean cropping effects on soil losses and C factors

Greater soil losses are generally thought to occur with soybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merr. ) cropping than with corn (Zea mays L.) cropping. However, runoff and soil losses from corn and soybean cropping systems have been measured simultaneously in only a few studies. The objectives of our study were to evaluate differences in soil and water losses between continuous corn and continuous soybean cropping for conventional, field cutivation, and no-till methods of tillage; and to evaluate differences between measured cropping and management (C) factors and those in Agricultural Handbook 537, USDA that are currently used in soil conservation planning. These objectives were accomplished by analyzing soil and water loss data from a 7-yr study conducted on a claypan soil in central Missouri. Cropping differences were evaluated for five seasonal periods based upon cultural operation dates and estimated amounts of canopy cover. Average annual soil loss from soybeans was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than that of corn for the conventional and no-till methods. Seasonal periods having the greatest cropping differences in soil loss were period F (rough fallow), period 12(30 to 60 d after planting) and period 4 (fall harvest to spring tillage). Annual C factors for soybeans were aboutmore » two times those of corn for all tillage methods. Measured C factors for all tillage methods were consistently lower than those presented in Agricultural Handbook 537, USDA. « less
Optical characterization of aminosilane-modified silicon dioxide surface for biosensing

Silicon dioxide surfaces, functionalized by two aminosilane compounds (3-amino-propyl-triethoxysilane, APTES; 3-amino-propyl-dimethylethoxysilane, APDMES) both dissolved in different solvents (dry ethanol and toluene), have been investigated by standard techniques such as spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), water contact angle (WCA), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Silane thicknesses between 5 and 80 A have been found, depending on deposition conditions; surface wettabilities change, accordingly. These organic-inorganic interfaces have also been modified by a cross-linker (bis-sulfosuccinimidyl suberate) in order to covalently bind a fluorescein labeled protein A. The amount of protein linked to functional surfaces has been quantified by SE and fluorescence microscopy. These results could be very useful in developing new platforms for optical biosensing.
1 Injury Trends in Rock Climbers – Evaluation of a Case Series of 911 Injuries Between 2009-2012

This prospective single-institution study evaluated the demographics of climbing-related injuries to improve our comprehension of current injury characteristics. During a four-year period, 836 patients with a total of 911 independent climbing injuries were evaluated using a standard questionnaire and examination protocol. 833 injuries were on the upper extremities, 58 on the lower. Seventeen injuries were UIAA grade 1, 881 grade 2, and 13 grade 3. No higher UIAA graded injuries occurred. Three hundred and eighty were acute injuries, 531 were overstrain injuries. Finger injuries accounted for 52 % of all injuries, the shoulder being the second most frequent location. Pulley injuries were the most frequent finger injuries. Seventy percent of injured young climbers under the age of 15 had an epiphyseal fracture. Older, more experienced climbers had significantly more overstrain injuries than acute injuries (p<0.05). When comparing this study with our previous study from 1998-2001 there are notable differences. While pulley injuries are still the most common climbing injury, there are now more A4 pulley injuries than A2. Shoulder injuries are becoming more common as are epiphyseal fractures in young climbers. It is important to understand current patterns of climbing injuries so that health providers can target interventions appropriately.
The Impact of Business Environment Reforms on New Registrations of Limited Liability Companies

Panel data for 91 countries are used to study how the ease of registering a business and the magnitude of registration reforms affect new registrations of limited liability companies (LLCs). The costs, days, and procedures required to start a business are found to be important predictors of new LLC registration. Panel regressions also show important synergies in multiple reforms of two or more business environment indicators. These results are consistent with the intuition that to be effective, reforms should be sufficiently large so that the costs of registration are lower than the expected benefits. In addition, countries with relatively weaker business environments prior to reforms require relatively larger reforms to impact the number of newly registered LLCs.
Effects of Wetlands Type and Size on Bird Diversity and Abundance at the Hadejia - Nguru Wetlands, Nigeria

Bird diversity and abundance at the Hadejia – Nguru Wetlands, Nigeria was studied within an eleven week period in 2011 to determine the effects of wetlands size and type. Thirty two wetlands within the Hadejia – Nguru Wetlands complex were surveyed. The study involved recording birds at predefined wetlands within the HadejiaNguru wetlands complex. Point counts were used to survey birds. Bird count was from 06:30h to 11:00h in the morning and 16:00h to 18:00h in the evening. Data collected was explored for normality and Shannon-Wiener index was used to determine the diversity. Bird diversity and abundance determined by counting birds was related to wetlands size and type. A total of 110,162 of 119 bird species were recorded. Bird species richness and diversity varied across wetland types: Marshes had the highest number of bird species compare to Ponds and lakes whereas bird diversity was significantly higher in ponds than lakes but was similar to the diversity of marshes. Wetlands size decreased bird diversity.
Association between dietary fruit intake and age-related cataract : a meta-analysis

Background: There is no consensus on the association between dietary fruit intake and age-related cataract. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze the relationship between dietary fruit intake and age-related cataract risk. Methods: We searched the PubMed and Web of knowledge to identify all studies that assessed the association between dietary fruit intake and age-related cataract risk through January 1, 2016. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with random-effect model were used to combine the results. Publication bias was estimated using Egger’s regression asymmetry test. Results: Eight related articles met our selection criteria and contained a total of 6218 cases and 111093 participants. Our meta-analysis results revealed that highest level of dietary fruit intake could significantly reduce the age-related cataract (RR=0.80, 95% CI=0.68-0.93, P=0.005; I2=47.5%, Pfor heterogeneity=0.064). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity showed that the association was only significant in European populations (RR=0.60, 95% CI=0.45-0.81), but not in the other populations else. Significant associations were also found in prospective studies and case-control studies. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis showed strong evidence that highest dietary fruit intake could reduce the risk of age-related cataract, especially in European populations.
A Multi-type Preferential Attachment Model

A multi-type preferential attachment tree is introduced, and studied using general multi-type branching processes. For the $p$-type case we derive a framework for studying the tree where a type $i$ vertex generates new type $j$ vertices with rate $w_{ij}(n_1,n_2,\ldots, n_p)$ where $n_k$ is the number of type $k$ vertices previously generated by the type $i$ vertex, and $w_{ij}$ is a non-negative function from $\mathbb{N}^p$ to $\mathbb{R}$. The framework is then used to derive results for trees with more specific attachment rates. In the case with linear preferential attachment---where type $i$ vertices generate new type $j$ vertices with rate $w_{ij}(n_1,n_2,\ldots, n_p)=\gamma_{ij}(n_1+n_2+\dots +n_p)+\beta_{ij}$, where $\gamma_{ij}$ and $\beta_{ij}$ are positive constants---we show that under mild regularity conditions on the parameters $\{\gamma_{ij}\}, \{\beta_{ij}\}$ the asymptotic degree distribution of a vertex is a power law distribution. The asymptotic composition of the vertex population is also studied.
STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ANNATTO SEEDS ( Bixa orellana ) by transmission and scanning electron microscopy submitted to gamma radiation for dormancy break

The annatto (Bixa orellana) is the only species of the Bixaceae family. From the seeds an important food colorant is obtained, bixin, for the industry and domestic use. More recently studies have focused more extensively in medicinal purpose of the species. Due to structural and physiologic characteristics, the seeds have low germination rate, around 30 %. The irradiation of seeds with gamma radiation can promote the increase and/or acceleration of germination, better plant developmentand productivity, among other aspects. The radiation doses used for this purpose should not cause genetic modifications in the organism, hence experimentation is needed to define the appropriate doses. Absence of research done annatto related to the use of the irradiation aiming at the increase of germination rates lead to the structural characterization of the annatto seeds submitted to gamma radiation through transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The objective of this study was to verify the effect of radiation on the seeds structures during the process of dormancy break. Dry seeds and seeds immersed in distilled water for 24 hours were submitted to gamma radiation from source of Co type Gammacell-220 at CENA/USP, at doses 100 Gy. After irradiation the seeds were processed for TEM and SEM. Preliminary results, showed structural modifications in the seeds.
Role of Chewing Gum in Reducing Post-Operative Ileus after an Appendectomy Procedure in Paediatric Age Group

DOI: 10.21276/sjams.2017. 5.12. 68 Abstract: Post-surgical procedures patient develops post-operative ileus secondary to inflammatory mediator release following intense intestinal manipulation during intraoperative period which is manifested as abdominal discomfort, bloating, constipation, belching, abdominal distension and delayed flatulence. If post-operative ileus is not resolved by 5 th post-operative day, it is termed as prolonged post-operative ileus (PPOI). Chewing gums are hypothesized to accelerate gastrointestinal motility, hence may be helpful in reducing prolonged post-operative ileus. To study the role, safety and effect of chewing gum in reducing post-operative ileus after an open appendectomy procedure in paediatric age group. A double blind parallel randomised control study was conducted among 100 paediatric age patients who underwent an open appendectomy procedure with 50 patients each in control and study group over duration of 1 year from august 2016 to September 2017 in Bankura Sammilani Medical College, Bankura. Patients were equally and randomly allocated in control and study groups. Control group received the usual post-operative protocol (nasogastric tube, antibiotic coverage etc) whereas the study group in addition to usual postoperative protocol were prescribed sugar free chewing gum from 1 st post-operative onwards three times a day. Both the group were monitored in terms of patient related outcomes, clinical parameters and inflammatory markers. Desired end points of time for first flatus and defecation, at least 24 hrs tolerance to solid oral feeds were considered and analysed subsequently. All analysis was done by using IBM Statistical package for the social sciences 24 and MS excel. No significant difference could be demonstrated between the two study groups in terms of age, sex, duration of surgery, intraoperative complication and patient related outcomes. Analysis of primary study variable elicits that time for first flatus, time for first defecation, time for first oral feed, total duration and length of hospital stay were marginally less in the study group in comparison to control group, however no significant difference seen in terms of first tolerated oral feed. Eleven patients in study and twelve patients in control group showed features of prolonged post-operative ileus. Marginally higher number of patients showed resolution of post-operative ileus on POD 3 and POD 4 in study group in comparison to control group, however no difference seen in overall resolution in POD 5. Four patients in the control group and 3 patients in the study group were readmitted within 30 days for various reasons viz anastomotic site leakage, intrabdominal abscess drainage and pyrexia of unknown origin. Sugar free chewing gum is a safe and effective means of reducing the length of hospital stay. It also reduces the time for first flatus and defecation and operative procedure (appendectomy in our case), however further studies must be undertaken taking more parameters into consideration.