Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Clinical and Radiological Evaluation of Impacted Third Molar Position, Crown and Root Morphology

Objective. This study aimed to analyze the crown and root morphology of maxillary and mandibular third molars, and assess their position in relation to adjacent anatomical structures using clinical examination and radiographic images. Materials and Methods. A total of 176 extracted impacted or partially impacted third molars were included in this study. Orthopantomogram images (OPG) were used to evaluate the number of roots, position, depth of impaction relative to the occlusal plane of the second molar, and angulation of maxillary and mandibular third molars. The extracted teeth were examined to determine the actual number of roots. The root morphology was classified using the Alavi classification system for maxillary third molars and the Machado classification for mandibular third molars. Additionally, the number of cusps, crown dimensions, and morphology were analyzed using digital and dental calipers. Results. The extracted samples exhibited a significantly higher number of roots compared to the number assessed on OPG images (P<0.001). The majority of mandibular third molars had two fused roots (37.39%) and a five-cuspid crown (48.70%), while maxillary third molars had three fused roots (26.23%) and four cusps (42.62%). Both maxillary (60.66%) and mandibular third molars (61.74%) were predominantly vertically positioned. Regarding the depth of impaction, maxillary third molars were primarily classified as Class C (65.57%), while mandibular third molars were classified as Class B (47.83%). Differences in crown shape were observed, with maxillary crowns being mostly triangular (36.07%) and mandibular crowns being oval (38.26%). Maxillary third molars had shorter crowns compared to mandibular third molars (P<0.05). Conclusion. The root morphology of maxillary and mandibular third molars in the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina displays variability. Orthopantomogram imaging was found to be inadequate for accurate determination of the number of roots in third molars. The number of cusps on third molars cannot be relied upon as a predictor of the number of roots. The study’s findings will have implications for dental practice, particularly for oral surgeons and restorative dentists.
Clinical Static Balance Assessment: A Narrative Review of Traditional and IMU-Based Posturography in Older Adults and Individuals with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

Maintaining a stable upright posture is essential for performing activities of daily living, and impaired standing balance may impact an individual’s quality of life. Therefore, accurate and sensitive methods for assessing static balance are crucial for identifying balance impairments, understanding the underlying mechanisms of the balance deficiencies, and developing targeted interventions to improve standing balance and prevent falls. This review paper first explores the methods to quantify standing balance. Then, it reviews traditional posturography and recent advancements in using wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) to assess static balance in two populations: older adults and those with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI). The inclusion of these two groups is supported by their large representation among individuals with balance impairments. Also, each group exhibits distinct aspects in balance assessment due to diverse underlying causes associated with aging and neurological impairment. Given the high vulnerability of both demographics to balance impairments and falls, the significance of targeted interventions to improve standing balance and mitigate fall risk becomes apparent. Overall, this review highlights the importance of static balance assessment and the potential of emerging methods and technologies to improve our understanding of postural control in different populations.
10‑Gingerol, a novel ginger compound, exhibits antiadipogenic effects without compromising cell viability in 3T3‑L1 cells

Obesity is defined as excessive fat accumulation that can be detrimental to health and currently affects a large part of the global population. Obesity arises from excessive energy intake along with a sedentary lifestyle and leads to adipocytes with aggravated hypertrophy. Strategies have been designed to prevent and treat obesity. Nutrigenomics may serve a role in prevention of obesity using bioactive compounds present in certain foods with anti-obesogenic effects. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) contains gingerols, key bioactive compounds that inhibit hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes. The present study aimed to evaluate the antiadipogenic activity of 10-gingerol (10-G) in the 3T3-L1 cell line. Three study groups were formed: Negative (3T3-L1 preadipocytes) and positive control (mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes) and 10-G (3T3-L1 preadipocytes stimulated with 10-G during adipogenic differentiation). Cell viability and lipid content were evaluated by MTT assay and Oil Red O staining, respectively. mRNA expression of CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α (C/ebpα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparγ), mechanistic target of rapamycin complex (Mtor), sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (Srebf1), acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (Acaca), fatty acid binding protein 4 (Fabp4), and 18S rRNA (Rn18s), was quantified by quantitative PCR. The protein expression of C/EPBα was analyzed by western blot. In the 10-G group, lipid content was decreased by 28.83% (P<0.0001) compared with the positive control; notably, cell viability was not affected (P=0.336). The mRNA expression in the 10-G group was higher for C/ebpα (P<0.001) and lower for Acaca (P<0.001), Fabp4 (P<0.001), Mtor (P<0.0001) and Srebf1 (P<0.0001) compared with the positive control group, while gene expression of Pparγ did not present significant changes. The presence of 10-G notably decreased C/EBPα protein levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In summary, the antiadipogenic effect of 10-G during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes may be explained by mRNA downregulation of adipogenic transcriptional factors and lipid metabolism-associated genes.
Ameliorative impacts of Rhodiola rosea against hepatic toxicity induced by monosodium glutamate: role of inflammation-, oxidative-stress-, and apoptosis-associated markers

Current study examined the protective impact of Rhodiola rosea (R. rosea) extract on hepatic toxicity markers caused by MSG. MSG induced significant increases in hepatic stress biomarkers. There were significant declines in GSH, catalase and SOD levels, which were accompanied by substantial elevations in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. There was hepatic cellular damage, and upregulation of caspase-3 and a decrease in Bcl-2 expression. The hepatotoxic impacts of MSG were normalized by Rhodiola supplementation. R. rosea downregulated caspase-3 and upregulated HO-1 and Nrf2 mRNA expression. R. rosea regulated the immunoreactivity of COX-2, TGF-β1, and NFkB genes associated with hepatic toxicity. R. rosea extract normalized histopathological changes induced by MSG and restored hepatic architecture. R. rosea extract exhibited anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. In conclusion, R. rosea extract is a promising medication against hepatic toxicity induced by MSG, which works by regulating the different signaling pathways of inflammation-, oxidative-stress-, and apoptosis-associated markers.
Highly Robust GaN Power Amplifier at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies Using Sputtered Iridium Gate MMIC Technology

This article presents the application of FBH’s sputtered Iridium (Ir) gate technology for the design and realization of a highly robust power amplifier (PA) intended for satellite communication systems at millimeter-wave frequencies. Implemented in the 0.15-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Gallium nitride (GaN)-on-SiC high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) technology, the PA delivers a reasonable gain of 14.3 dB, a 1-dB compression output power (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${P} _{\text {1 dB}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 21.7 dBm, and a maximum power-added-efficiency (PAE) of 19.7% at 38 GHz. For assessing the circuit-level robustness, a high-level RF stress has been performed at an elevated ambient temperature of 200 °C. After being stressed at 22 dBm input level (corresponding to 6-dB gain compression output power level) for 10 h, the PA showed less than 0.5 dB degradation in the saturated output power (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${P} _{\text {sat}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). Compared to the benchmark monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) chip fabricated with Pt-evaporated gate, the Ir-sputtered technology demonstrated much less degradation in terms of the total drain current, output power, and PAE after stress. The superior performance has demonstrated the great potential of this technology for highly robust applications at millimeter-wave frequencies.
Recombinant-methioninase-producing Escherichia coli Instilled in the Microbiome Inhibits Triple-negative Breast Cancer in an Orthotopic Cell-line Mouse Model.

Background/Aim Methionine restriction by diet and recombinant methioninase (rMETase) are effective for cancer therapy by themselves or combined with chemotherapy drugs. We previously showed that oral administration of rMETase-producing Escherichia coli JM109 (E. coli JM109-rMETase) can be installed in the mouse microbiome and inhibit colon-cancer growth in a syngeneic mouse model. In the present report, we investigated the efficacy of oral administration of E. coli JM109-rMETase in an orthotopic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell-line mouse model. Materials and Methods First, we established orthotopic 4T1 mouse triple-negative breast cancer on an abdominal mammary gland in female athymic nu/nu nude mice aged 4-6 weeks. After tumor growth, 15 mice were divided into three groups of 5. Group 1 was administered phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) orally by gavage twice daily as a control; Group 2 was administered non-recombinant E. coli JM109 competent cells orally by gavage twice daily as a control; Group 3 was administered E. coli JM109-rMETase cells by gavage twice daily for two weeks. Tumor size was measured with calipers twice per week. On day 15, blood methionine level was examined using an HPLC method. Results Oral administration of E. coli JM109-rMETase inhibited 4T1 TNBC growth significantly compared to the PBS and E. coli JM109 control groups. On day 15, the blood methionine level was significantly lower in the mice administered E. coli JM109-rMETase than in the PBS control. Conclusion E. coli JM109-rMETase lowered blood methionine levels and inhibited TNBC growth in an orthotopic cell-line mouse model, suggesting future clinical potential against a highly recalcitrant cancer.
Fungal spores from the Palaeogene El Foyel Group of Ñirihuau Basin, Argentina

The El Foyel Group is defined in the western section (Andean) of the Ñirihuau Basin, Argentina (41°44′S–71°30′W). It consists of three units: the Troncoso, Salto del Macho and Río Foyel formations. The age of the group and of the formations is still controversial. We studied the fungal remains recovered from 14 palynological samples from outcrops in the group with the intention of providing data to solve this problem. The fungal assemblage found is highly diverse and it is mostly composed of spores of different affinities (mainly ascomycetes). We identified 38 species from 18 genera (Anatolinites, Dictyosporites, Didymoporisporonites, Diporicellaesporites, Diporisporites, Dyadosporites, Exesisporites, Foveodiporites, Hypoxylonites, Inapertisporites, Lacrimasporonites, Monoporisporites, Multicellites, Papulosporonites, Pluricellaesporites, Polycellaesporonites, Staphlosporonites and one indet.). Moreover, we propose two new species (Hypoxylonites foyelensis sp. nov. and Pluricellaesporites patagonicus sp. nov.) and a new combination (Dyadosporites annulatus comb. nov.). Most of the species were recovered from samples from the Troncoso Formation (21), while the Salto del Macho and Río Foyel formations showed lesser diversity. Anatolinites subcapsilaris, Dyadosporites subovalis, Inapertisporites subovoideus, Monoporisporites singularovalis and Multicellites ellipticus, biomarkers from the Middle Eocene appeared in the Troncoso and Salto del Salto del Macho formations; whereas indicators of the Eocene–Oligocene, such as Dyadosporites elsikii, Didymoporisporonites panshanensis, Foveodiporites elegans, Lacrimasporonites fusoides and Multicellites leptaleus, were mainly recorded in the Río Foyel Formation. The appearance of the biomarkers mentioned above reinforces the Palaeogene age proposed for the El Foyel Group in previous palynological studies. The record of Hypoxylonites ater (Miocene) in the Salto del Macho formation would expand its range as far back as the Palaeogene.
Friction Factors for Coniferous Trees along Rivers

A physically based model for estimating the resistance coefficient for coniferous trees in open-channel flow is modified to account for variations in the flexibility between species. The new model is based on the assumption of a linear increase in foliage area with height and a dimensional analysis. It is supported by experiments in air and water. The advantage of the new model over existing methods for estimating resistance factors is its ability to account for the interaction between the vegetation and the flow, taking into account velocity, depth of flow, and vegetative conditions (including type, size, stage of maturity, and density of vegetation). Based on the mathematical model, a table is provided to estimate Manning's n value for flow through vegetation.
The Relationship between the Usage of the Discourse Marker Cha and Speakers’ Educational Background: A Discourse-Pragmatic Analysis

Objectives: This study aims to provide a discourse-pragmatic analysis of the functions of the Discourse Marker (DM) Cha when employed in Iraqi Arabic oral discourse. It also investigates if there is a relationship between the speaker's educational level and the use of the DM Cha with respect to its functions, type choices, and frequency of occurrence. Methods: The sample consists of 460 excerpts retrieved from two conversational contexts: in-person conversations and informal phone calls. Brinton’s (1996) framework has been applied in the analysis of the functions of the DM Cha at the textual and interpersonal levels of discourse. A chi-squared test has been utilized to find out to what extent well-educated informants and those with limited education are alike or different in terms of the functional use of this marker and its type-choices and whether the variation in frequency of the DM Cha is actually significant or can be attributed to chance. Results: This paper shows that there are no statistically significant differences in terms of function. However, a statistically significant difference is in favor of informants with limited education concerning type-choices and frequency of occurrence. Generally, well-educated informants seem to be more sensitive to the use of this marker as a less prestigious marker. Undoubtedly, this is attributed to the impact of education that is almost linked to the standardization and urbanization processes. Conclusions: The study recommends the need for further investigations to validate these results with reference to other DMs and social variables like age and social class
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Increases the Severity of Myocardial Infarction after Acute Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in Mice

(1) Background: Increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) has been linked to several inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the relationship between IBD and MI remains unclear. Here, we implemented an original mouse model combining IBD and MI to determine IBD’s impact on MI severity and the link between the two diseases. (2) Methods: An IBD model was established by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) administration in drinking water, alone or with oral C. albicans (Ca) gavage. IBD severity was assessed by clinical/histological scores and intestinal/systemic inflammatory biomarker measurement. Mice were subjected to myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (IR), and MI severity was assessed by quantifying infarct size (IS) and serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels. (3) Results: IBD mice exhibited elevated fecal lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) and IL-6 levels. DSS mice exhibited almost two-fold increase in IS compared to controls, with serum cTnI levels strongly correlated with IS. Ca inoculation tended to worsen DSS-induced systemic inflammation and IR injury, an observation which is not statistically significant. (4) Conclusions: This is the first proof-of-concept study demonstrating the impact of IBD on MI severity and suggesting mechanistic aspects involved in the IBD–MI connection. Our findings could pave the way for MI therapeutic approaches based on identified IBD-induced inflammatory mediators.
Abortion Stigma: Attitudes Toward Abortion Responsibility, Illegal Abortion, and Perceived Punishments of “Illegal Abortion”

We examined public opinion regarding unique aspects of abortion legality to better understand potential contexts in which stigma may occur and the extent that people (a) believe actors involved in abortion (i.e., pregnant woman, healthcare provider, man involved in the pregnancy, someone providing information about where to get an abortion, parents of a minor) should be held responsible for illegal abortion, (b) believe abortion should be illegal across different circumstances, and (c) endorse different punishments for pregnant women and healthcare providers, including variation by responsibility. An online survey was administered to 2,489 English and Spanish-speaking U.S. adults, using quota-based sampling, with post-stratification weights applied to match U.S. benchmarks. People scored healthcare providers and women more responsible than other actors. Although the majority did not support abortion being illegal for most circumstances, a substantial proportion were unsure. Additionally, “no punishment” was most frequently selected for the woman and healthcare provider. However, those who endorsed any punishment, compared with no punishment, typically indicated the pregnant woman and healthcare provider were more responsible. Our findings suggest that current laws criminalizing abortion are misaligned with public opinion and that pregnant women and healthcare providers are likely most susceptible to abortion-related stigma.
A REVIEW ON IMPACT OF INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS ON FIRM PERFORMANCE: A STUDY ON CHINESE BANKING INDUSTRY

With an aim to review the significant factors that determine the organizational performance in banking industry of China, this article has reviewed the available literature and the ways of measuring the institutional variables including coercive pressure and normative pressure. With and extension to the direct relationships, mediating role of performance measures has also been reviewed as most of the studies showed it an important factor as mediator in literature of management. Thorough investigations have revealed some interesting facts. The findings showed a relationship between performance measures and coercive pressures that are regulations, and guidelines issued by the Chinese central bank. Fakhri, (2009), reported that several activities of the banks like performance measures are controlled by Chinese Central Bank. Findings of this study revealed a positive effect of normative pressures on the performance measures and are presented, supporting the hypothesis. The findings of present study revealed complete mediating role of the performance measures on the link between coercive pressures and organizational performance.
The community ecology of a riverine turtle assemblage in the Tennessee River Gorge

A study was carried out from 2000 to 2006 to determine the community structure of a riverine turtle population in the Tennessee River Gorge (TRG), a 42 kilometer stretch of the Tennessee River. A total of 3,197 turtles was captured, w ith a total of 136 recaptures for all species. Trachemys scripta was the most abundant Emydid and species (69.4%) collected. Other Emydids including: Pseudemys concinna (10.2%), Graptemys ouachitensis (2.9%), Chrysemys picta (1.0%), and G. geographica (0.7%), were observed less often. Kinosternid species, St rnotherus odoratus (11.8%) and S. minor peltifer (0.2%), were detected. Representatives of the families Chelydridae and Trionychidae were observed by one species eac h, with Chelydra serpentina (3.8%) and Apalone spinifera (0.1%) being collected, respectively. Trachemys scripta troosti, was historically described as being “in need of management,” but was the most abundant turtle (N = 2218) during this study. The Shannon-Weiner Index ( = N1 2.91) and Smith and Wilson’s E ( = Evar 0.158) values indicate that community heterogeneity and evenness was lacking in the TR G turtle community, due to numerical dominance of T. scripta troosti .
Blog as a Pedagogical Strategy to Enhance Learning About Household Solid Waste

Background: In contemporary times, challenges in the field of education are growing, especially regarding the integration of different methods of student engagement and training. Technology emerges with possibilities for innovative strategies aimed at enhancing learning and contributing to addressing environmental issues effectively. Teachers, in their pedagogical practices, should take into account the socio-environmental reality and integrate Environmental Education for participatory interventions in environmental issues. The use of blogs in Science education enables a more engaging interaction with the content, resulting in a more meaningful and contextualised learning experience. Objectives: To develop a blog to address household solid waste management and evaluate it as a technological tool for enhancing understanding of household solid waste management. Design: The methodology employed in this research was a qualitative approach. Setting and Participants: Thirty-five students from two seventh-grade classes at São Francisco Municipal Elementary School in the municipality of Tupandi/RS. Data collection and analysis: Two questionnaires were administered to the students, one pre-activity and another post-activity, and a blog was developed in each class. The quantitative data were analysed through descriptive statistical analysis, while the qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. Results: Most students had no prior experience with blogging, and their limited knowledge of the concept was associated with using the media tool as a page for posting personal life details. During the blog development, students did not encounter difficulties handling the platform's icons. The evaluation characterised the blog as a positive learning tool regarding household solid waste management, recognised by the students as meaningful in classroom practices. Conclusions: The development of blogs served as a technological and pedagogical strategy that facilitated learning about household solid waste management, connecting with the local reality and fostering a sense of ownership and responsibility among the students, aligning with one of the purposes of Environmental Education. Furthermore, the integration of the blog in Science education enabled the establishment of a collaborative and dynamic network for knowledge exchange, as well as the cultivation of skills related to digital literacy.
Advances in Research, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Neuroendocrine Cervical Carcinoma: A Review

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) were classified separately in the 5th edition (2020) of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of female genital malignancies. Cervical neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is distinguished by its low incidence, high invasiveness, early local dissemination, and distant metastases. The purpose of this review is to outline the achievements in pathology, diagnostics, gene sequencing, and multi-modality treatment of cervical NEC.