Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anthropological Perspectives on Tooth Morphology: Basque dental morphology and the “Eurodont” dental pattern

The Basque peoples of northern Spain and southern France have long held the interest of anthropologists and linguists. Linguistically, they are considered an isolate with no close ties to any surrounding Indo-European-speaking group. This linguistic peculiarity raised expectations that a similar situation would be found at the biological level. In the early twentieth century, studies of Basque cranial morphology were mostly typological in nature, as researchers made every effort to identify a distinctive Basque type (MacClancy 1993 ; de la R ú a et al. 2005 /2006 for a review). In the 1930s, the discovery of remains at the site of Urtiaga (Gipuzkoa), which presumably dated to the Upper Paleolithic, pushed the origins of the Basque population further back in time. This led to a popular hypothesis that the “Basque type” refl ected an indigenous and local evolution of the Cro-Magnon race (Aranzadi and Barandiaran 1948 ). Later radiometric dating of these skulls unequivocally placed the Urtiaga remains in the more recent Bronze Age, a fi nding that challenged the Cro-Magnon hypothesis of Basque origins (Altuna and de la R ú a 1989 ). In the mid-twentieth century, blood antigen typing replaced cranial typology in addressing questions of population origins. Cumulative information on more than a single locus seemed to confi rm the idea that Basques were a locally evolved population that had descended from Upper Paleolithic Europeans. Seemingly, Basques survived the impact of genetic admixture with later migrants (Near East Neolithic farmers) to a greater extent than other European populations
Using Precision Prairie Reconstruction to Drive the Native Seeded Species Colonization Process

Restoring forb richness to the northern tallgrass prairie (U.S.A.) is often problematic. A potential solution is the establishment of native forb‐seeded patches that can serve as colonization sites. This study was designed to determine the following: (1) the success at which native forbs sown in small patches can colonize the surrounding vegetation matrix and (2) whether soil amendments (C additions, P fertilization, and seed bank reduction) applied to the seeded sites can facilitate such colonization (patch quality). Colonization was investigated at (1) the immediate surrounding (1 m belt transect, BT) of the seeded sites and (2) in disturbed but not seeded patches located 3 m from the seeded site (out‐plots). Soil amendments did not affect colonization, but native forb density in the BT and out‐plots was correlated to the density of forbs in the seeded sites (r2 = 0.3, p < 0.01). Seeded native forb density in the out‐plots was higher than in the adjacent BT (19 vs. 5 plants/m2), suggesting that competition from the matrix vegetation may be more important in forb colonization than distance from the source. Taller forbs with larger seeds showed advantages in colonization success. This study showed that the colonization of matrix vegetation with native forbs from seeded patches is a viable method for prairie reconstruction but requires the availability of disturbed sites. In most prairies, animal‐generated soil disturbances are common. In their absence, disturbances of the vegetation matrix will need to be added to the management plan.
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGES AND CORRELATIONS ON OIL FATTY ACIDS IN SUNFLOWER

Sunflower oil is a major important vegetable oil because it is widely used in human nutrition and in many industrial productions depends on fatty acid composition. Field studies were conducted during in two years on the same soil to investigate changes of climate induced oil fatty acid composition of a traditional sunflower, and to obtain correlations among oil fatty acids. Seed oil content and twelve fatty acid percentages of sunflower oil were analyzed. Variations for years were significant for seed oil content and palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), linolenic (C18:3), miristic (C14:0) and eicosenoic acids (C20:1). Higher temperatures during seed development in 2010 resulted with 68.38 % increasing in oleic content of the traditional sunflower hybrid. The highest negative correlations (r= -0.99) were noted between oleic and linoleic acids.
Developing Laminar Flow and Heat Transfer in Annular-Sector Ducts

For annular-sector ducts, steady, laminar, and constant-property forced-convection flow and heat transfer in the entrance region have been analyzed numerically using a general, marching procedure. Two types of thermal boundary conditions have been considered: (1) uniform temperature both axially and peripherally (T boundary condition); (2) uniform axial heat flux with uniform peripherally temperature at any cross section (H1 boundary condition). Numerical analysis has been conducted in the following range of parameters: Di/Do = 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, apex angle of the sector 2 alpha = 18 degrees, 20 degrees, 24 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees, and Pr = 0.707. The solutions of the developing Nusselt number and friction factor are presented as functions of nondimensional axial distance. Comparisons are made between the computed results and the analytical or numerical results available in the literature. For all cases compared, satisfactory agreement is obtained.
Standardization of injection site, needle length, embryonic age and concentration of amino acids for in ovo injection in broiler breeder eggs

In the first experiment, the injection site (broad and narrow) and needle length (11 and 24 mm) for in ovo injection was evaluated on 7th and 14th day of embryonic age. Where 160 standard size fertile eggs were distributed in 8 groups, 4 groups of eggs were injected with AA solution (20 naturally occurring amino acids) to see the effect on hatchability and chick weight at hatch and other 4 groups were injected with the Indian ink to assess the deposition of AA in the developing embryo. In the second experiment the embryonic age for in ovo injection (0, 7 and 14th d) and concentration of aminoacids (0, 0.25 and 0.50% of egg aminoacids) were studied in a 3x3 factorial design. Wheninjected with 24 mrn needle at both end, either on 7th or 14th day of incubation in majority cases the ink was deposited in the yolk sac of the embryo. Where as with 11 mm needle, when injected at broad end, either on 7th or 14th day of incubation the ink was deposited partly in the air cell and chorio-allantoic cavity, whereas, at narrow end ink was deposited in the albumen of the egg with minimum contact to embryo. Hatchability was poor when AA was injected at broad end with 11 mrn needle and at narrow end with 24 mm needle (8.0, 6.25 vs 90.0% in control, respectively). Irrespective of concentration of AA, the in ovo injection on 0th (29.0%) and 7th (37.3%) day had lower hatchability as compared to that on 14th day of embryonic age (81.5%) and control (78.0%). When chick to egg weight ratio, was compared there was significant difference between concentrations of AA (P<0.011) and days of injection (P<0.043). AA injected on 14th day had 2.1%higher chick weight as compared to un-injected control.
Female suicide bombers – Male suicide bombing? looking for Gender in reporting the suicide bombings of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict

The primary aim of this article is to bring together questions of both the gender representation (notions of femininity and masculinity) and the gender order (existing social relations and power structures) of Palestinian suicide bombing, and thereby to offer a rather unusual perspective on a sensitive topic within what is generally an overanalysed conflict. It is based on the way female suicide bombers have been represented in the media in the first half of 2002, supplemented by publications in 2003 and January 2004. Print and online articles constitute the main basis of interpretation that aims to bring gender as an analytical tool into the continuing debate on suicide bombing.
Rationale for Utilization

Acquisition of enteral access and provision of a sufficient volume of enteral nutrients early in the hospital course of a critically ill patient afford an opportunity to improve the outcome of that patient through the progression of his or her disease process. Failure to use the enteral route of feeding not only squanders this opportunity, but may, in addition, promote a pro-inflammatory state, which exacerbates disease severity and worsens morbidity. Enteral feeding provides a conduit for the delivery of immune stimulants and serves as effective prophylaxis against stress-induced gastropathy and gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Tube placement beyond the stomach into the small bowel in hypermetabolic, severely ill patients prone to ileus and disordered gut motility aids delivery of enteral nutrients while reducing risk of aspiration. Endoscopic skills and expertise in gastrointestinal physiology are vital to the success of a nutrition support service and the provision of enteral tube feeding.
Modeling nucleosome mediated mechanisms of gene regulation

The genomes of all eukaryotic organisms are packaged into nucleosomes, which are the fundamental units of chromatin, each composed of approximately 147 base pairs of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer. Because 70-90% of the eukaryotic genome is packaged into nucleosomes they modulate accessibility of DNA to transcription factors (TFs) and play an important role in regulation of transcription. This thesis is devoted to the mathematical modeling of effects which are caused by direct competition between nucleosomes and transcription factors. The contents of the thesis are organized as follows: in chapter 1 we introduce experimental methods and recent discoveries which have been made in chromatin biology. In chapter 2 we introduce a thermodynamic biophysical model for calculating nucleosome and transcription factor occupancies. We also introduce the statistical positioning effect and how it may affect the binding of transcription factors. In chapter 2 we mostly address a question of how competition with transcription factors can affect nucleosome positioning. We first examine nucleosome experimental data and address the question of reproducibility of the data across different experiments carried out in several labs. Then, we introduce a new method for the quality assessment of the prediction of the model and use it to optimize parameters of the model to fit experimental data. We focus on how transcription factors can explain observed in vivo nucleosome positioning and which transcription factors play crucial roles in establishing nucleosome patterns at the promoters of genes. In chapter 3 we address a question of how nucleosomes and promoter architecture affect binding of TFs. We model binding of TFs in the context of chromatin to a cluster of binding sites and investigate what features of the binding site cluster determine the main characteristics of TF binding. Finally, we study how TFBSs in real genomes are positioned relative to each other and show that there are certain biases in spacing between TFBSs, probably due to effects caused by competition with nucleosomes.
Pressure-induced phase transition of ice in aqueous LiOH solution

I have examined the changes in in situ Raman spectra of ice in aqueous LiOH solution as a function of pressure at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K). Here, I have shown the possibility that ice in aqueous LiOH solution transforms to a high-density amorphous like phase at around 0.9 GPa. I have mentioned that the results show differences strongly depending on the salts dissolved in the aqueous solutions.
BOOK REVIEWS

The ‘export’ of tertiary education is a major earner of foreign currency for many countries. The opportunity to compensate for budget cuts and to reduce the financial burden of the state has been an important feature of academic financing in the last couple of decades. International students are a market to be exploited, not only in Britain and the USA, but also in Canada, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand – indeed wherever there are established English-language universities that reflect western international practice in their educational offerings. The downside of this venture is that many institutions have yet to engage adequately with the gap between the strategies to promote the recruitment of international students and the experiences of the academic and student communities. Within this gap are the ‘values, cultures and traditions of higher education that are rarely articulated, made transparent and exposed to critical scrutiny’ (p. 19). Accordingly, the author was ‘provoked to explore ways in which I might unwittingly continue to “uncritically transfer” my own attitudes and practices of learning and teaching, developed and grounded in particular western cultures when working with people who bring different traditions and values’ (p. 20). In the Preface, the author informs us that ‘the diverse populations of higher education, brought about primarily by globalisation, are at the heart of this book’ (p. vii). She has two aims: ‘to illustrate how higher education can effect greater understanding between people from different contexts and academic traditions’ and to ‘show how narrative enquiry and autoethnography can be used to enable such understanding through illuminating some lived experiences of the core player in the process’ (p. vii). The book has four main themes:
Effect of ‘wheat Qu’ on the fermentation processes and volatile flavour‐active compounds of Chinese rice wine (Huangjiu)

Wheat Qu is a unique saccharifying agent used for Chinese rice wine brewing. In recent years, the impact of wheat Qu on Chinese rice wine flavour has attracted great interest. In this study, Chinese rice wine fermentations were conducted with different saccharifying agents (wheat Qu and mixed commercial enzymes) to study the effect of wheat Qu on the fermentation process and aroma characteristics of Chinese rice wine. Our results showed that wheat Qu not only acted as a saccharifying agent, but also increased yeast activity and the formation of aroma compounds. A higher yeast growth and fermentation rate, in addition to a lower yeast death rate, were observed when wheat Qu was used as a saccharifying agent. Global analysis of the aromatic profiles revealed that the use of wheat Qu greatly promoted the formation of the aroma compounds during a Chinese rice wine fermentation. The concentrations of the volatile phenolic compounds and higher alcohols were higher in the Chinese rice wine samples fermented with wheat Qu. It was concluded that the role of wheat Qu cannot simply be replaced by commercial enzymes and that the Chinese rice wine aromatic profiles can be modulated depending on the amount of wheat Qu used in the fermentation. Copyright © 2013 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling
Student perceptions of how critical thinking is embedded in a degree program

Critical thinking is a highly valued outcome of university study, although its nature is difficult to define. Most students are not directly taught critical thinking, but are expected to display it in at least some of their assignments. We do not know much about student perceptions of their development as critical thinkers in their degree programs. This paper presents research into student perceptions of instruction in critical thinking and aspects of its development as they study in an undergraduate degree program in agriculture. Twenty‐one students across four years of study were interviewed. They received direct instruction in critical thinking only in the first year of study, and the literature review emerged as a key genre in which critical thinking was perceived to be important by later‐year students. The final sections highlight the importance of considering the disciplinary contexts in which students develop their critical thinking, and of preparing them for transfer to post‐study contexts.
Low cost breeding and hatching techniques for the catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) for small-scale farmers

The high demand for the stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) and declining wild stocks led the Centre for Aquaculture Research and Extension of India to look for methods for the culture of the species. This paper presents a low-cost, simple breeding technique developed and tested by the Centre that can be easily adopted by rural farmers.
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESSES IN MAKASSAR: THE ROLE OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

Small and Medium Enterprises in the city of Makassar continue to experience rapid development. One of the challenges in Small and Medium Enterprises in Makassar is the low financial performance of SMEs. This is caused by low productivity because the quality of human resources is still low because of the lack of knowledge and entrepreneurial competence. Good management of intellectual capital can improve the company's financial performance. This study aims to examine the effect of intellectual capital on financial performance with a competitive advantage as an intervening variable in small and medium enterprises in the city of Makassar. This research conducted a quantitative method with an associative approach. Data of this research was primary data collected through questionnaire surveys. The research used multiple linear regression and path analysis with IBM Statistics SPSS 21. The results showed that intellectual capital had a positive and significant effect on the financial performance of SMEs in Makassar. Furthermore, intellectual capital impacted the competitive advantage of SMEs in Makassar city positively and significantly. Competitive advantage was also proven to have a positive and significant influence on the financial performance of SMEs in Makassar. The results of this study also indicated that competitive advantage was a mediating variable between the relationship of intellectual capital to the financial performance of SMEs in Makassar.
Drift-Diffusion TCAD Modelling of III-V-MOSFETs in the Ballistic Regime

This thesis presents Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) modelling of MOSFETs with InGaAs channels (III-V-MOSFETs) operating in the ballistic regime. It is shown how the drift-diffusion formalism can be used to simulate ultra-thin-body (UTB) and gateall-around nanowire (GAA NW) transistors at the nanometer scale. In order to accurately cover the relevant quantum-mechanical effects as well as the characteristics of ballistic transport, several physical models must be revisited and assembled with appropriate assumptions. In the first part, drift-diffusion quantum corrections are applied to simulate geometrical confinement across the channel of twodimensional UTB and three-dimensional GAA NW MOSFETs. Quantum drift-diffusion models available in the commercial device simulator Sentaurus-Device from Synopsys Inc., as the Density Gradient and the Modified Local Density Approximation models, are used after a careful calibration of their parameters. Quantum tunneling through the potential barrier between source and drain, as consequence of the ultra-short channels and the small electron effective mass inherent in III-V materials, becomes a severe leakage current mechanism in the off-state. The Nonlocal Tunneling model is used to simulate sourceto-drain tunneling in combination with the models for geometrical confinement. The inclusion of models for the density of states of a oneand two-dimensional electron gas proves necessary to assure the accurate simulation of the electrostatics in the investigated devices. This also ensures a similar Fermi energy level of the source as the one obtained from a quantum-mechanical reference tool. An important consideration for the modelling and simulation of current-voltage characteristics is the almost negligible electron-phonon scattering in
Effectiveness menstrual hygiene knowledge using booklet and leaflet media for adolescent girl

Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is a problem for adolescent girl in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Poor MHM may increase a woman’s susceptibility to reproductive tract infections (RTI), bacterial vaginosis (BV) infection, and urinary tract infection (UTI). Adolescent girl with better knowledge of menstrual hygiene and safe practices can reduce their vulnerability to RTI, BV and UTI. Health education is one of the right methods to provide information to adolescent termine comprehension differences after getting menstrual hygiene education through booklets and leaflets for adolescent girl. This research was quasi experiment with pretest-posttest design with control group design. The data was taken on June 2019 in An-Nur Islamic Boarding School, Sewon, Bantul. The sample for each group was 35 girl students. The instruments used questionnaires. The data was analysed using paired t-test and independent t-test. The paired t-test result of the knowledge of both groups has significant enhancement knowledge in pretest-postrest scores for booklet group (Mean Difference = 14.09; p = 0.000) and for leaflet group (Mean Difference = 7.83; p = 0.000). Result of independent t-test showed that there was a significant difference in knowledge enhancement in adolescent girl's knowledge scores in the pre-test and post-test between the group of booklet media with the leaflet media (Mean Difference = 6.26; p = 0.000). The health education on menstrual hygiene through booklet media was more effective than leaflets in adolescent girls.
Responses to Globalization from a Big Transition Economy: The Case of China

Abstract Five years after its accession to the World Trade Organization, China has to carry out full commitments of market opening in many fronts, in particular the local currency banking services. Meanwhile, as China gradually rises to the rank of the middle-income countries, it faces the possible conflicts between ensuring a smooth integration of its economy into the global market and sustaining a full-employment growth of the domestic economy. This paper discusses several intermediate and long-term challenges to China in the era of globalization.
The effect of premarital sex counseling using jigsaw method on adolescent’s knowledge

The problem that stands out among adolescents is about the Three Problems of Adolescent Reproductive Health, one of which is premarital sex. The low level of knowledge about sexuality and reproductive health is one of the factors that influence the occurrence of premarital sex relations. One effort to provide reproductive health information for adolescents is to provide health promotion or counseling. Health counseling conducted in this study was the jigsaw. The objective was to know the influence of giving counseling with jigsaw compare to lecturer method on knowledge about premarital sex. This research was quasi-experiment research with pre-test and post-test nonequivalent control group design. The study was conducted in March 2019 in YPKK 1 and YPKK 2 Vocational School, Sleman. The sampling uses convenience sampling. The sample for each grup of this study amounted to 30 respondents. Data was analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and the Mann Whitney test. There was significant difference in the pre-test and post-test of adolescent’s knowledge about premarital sex with the jigsaw method (Mean difference= 14.66; p-value= 0.000) and lecture method (Mean difference= 6.00; p-value= 0.001). There was significant difference in knowledge changes of adolescent’s knowledge about premarital sex with the jigsaw method than lecture method (Mean difference= 19.84; p-value= 0.000). The jigsaw method was more effective on increasing knowledge of adolescent’s about premarital sex.