Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH JENIS DAN DOSIS PUPUK ORGANIK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN TERUNG (Solanum melongena L.) VARIETAS MUSTANG F-1

Objectives of the research were: (1) to study the effect of kind and dosage Organic fertilizer, as well as their interaction on the growth and yield of eggplant; (2) to find kind and profer dosage of organic fertilizer for better growth and yield of eggplant. The research was carried out from February to May 2013, since preparation of growing media until crop harvested. It was held at Purwodadi Urban Village, Linggang Bigung Sub-District, West Kutai District. The Completely Randomised Design was employed for this research with factorial 2 x 5 and 4 replications. The first factor was kind of organic fertilizer (P) that consisted of 2 levels: cow manure fertilizer (p1), and bokashi of cow manure fertilizer (p2). And the second factor was dosage of organic fertilizer (D) that consisted of 2 levels: no organic fertilizer (d0), 2,50 Mg ha -1 equal to 18,75 g polybag -1 (d1); 5,00 Mg ha -1 equal to 37,50 g polybag -1 (d2); 7,50 Mg ha -1 equal to 56,25 g polybag -1 (d3); and 10,00 Mg ha -1 equal to 75,00 g polybag -1 (d4). Results of the research revealed that: (1) the kind of organic fertilizer affected significantly to very significantly on the plant height at 45 days after planting, length of fruit, and diameter of fruit, while no significant on the the plant height at 15 and 30 days after planting, number of leaf at 15, 30, and 45 days after planting, days of crop flowered, days of crop harvested, number of fruit per crop, and fruit weight per crop. The weighest fruit was attained by bokashi of cow manure fertilizer (p2), namely 0,74 kg per crop, whereas the lightest one was by cow manure fertilizer (p1) with only 0,72 kg per crop; (2) the organic fertilizer dosage affected significant until very significantly on the plant height at 30 and 45 days after planting, number of leaf at 45 days after planting, days of crop flowered, days of crop harvested, number of fruit per crop, length of fruit, and fruit weight per crop; but no significant on the the plant height at 15 days after planting, number of leaf at 15 and 30 days after planting, and diameter of fruit. The weighest fruit was attained by 75,00 g polybag -1 treatment (d4), namely 0,85 kg per crop and the lightest one was by no organic fertilizer application treatment (d0) with only 0,66 kg per crop; and (3) the interaction between those two factors no significant on the all parameters, exceptly on the plant height at 30 days after planting.
Social Networks and Information Systems: Ongoing and Future Research Streams

We review reasons for the increased interest in network analyses in organization studies and information research. We also note the impact of new information technology capabilities for this increase in terms of improvements in analysis techniques, new ways to generate and maintain connections within and between social units, and new social connection-focused IT capabilities. We also review main streams of network-based analyses in information system research. We conclude by making some propositions for future research in information systems and networks, and summarize the main contributions made in this special issue.
Starra and trough tank : iron-formation-hosted gold-copper deposits of North-West Queensland, Australia

Starra and Trough Tank are stratabound Cu-Au deposits hosted by stratiform magnetite-hematite iron formation in the Mount Isa Eastern Succession, Australia. They are part of the rift-related Middle Proterozoic Mary Kathleen Group, deposited in a shallow to evaporitic setting, and subsequently deformed and metamorphosed. The location of Starra (consisting of 4 geographically separate orebodies), on the margin of a major Greenschist facies shear zone (ore metamorphism estimated at 500 - 550° C, 3.5 - 4.5 kbar) has led to a more complex structural history than that experienced by surrounding rocks. Both structural/metamorphic and syngenetic ore genesis models have been proposed for the ores. Trough Tank is far less stained, but was metamorphosed to upper Amphibolite grade (680 - 720° C, -4 kbar). Structural events in the Starra region are identified as (1) Starra Shear development during D1a extension, (2) peak-metamorphic D2(Main Phase) deformation, producing upright, north-trending, isoclinal folds, (3) retrogressional left lateral strikeslip on the Starra Shear, producing adjacent steeply-plunging medium-scale folds (D2(Late Phase)), (4) D3 northwest-trending fold and kink domains, and (5) D4 reverse movement on the Starra Shear and nearby Mount Dore Fault Zone. A new stratigraphic sub-division for the base of the Staveley Formation is proposed. Lowermost is the Harley Member, a strongly deformed chloritic unit with a tholeiitic tuff component. This is conformably overlain by the low-Nb-Zr-Y felsic Mariposa Creek Member, in turn conformably overlain by the Starra Iron-formation Member, and undifferentiated calcareous metasediments. To the south and east, the mineralised horizon strike-equivalents are massive hematitic ironstones, conglomerate-bearing ironstone, Hamersley-style banded iron formations (BLFs), and tourmalinites, all intercalated with shallow marine and fluvial-marine sediments. The local ore environment is interpreted as a deeper section of the basin.
Interannual variability and timing of growing‐season CO2 exchange in a boreal forest

[1] We studied the interannual variability of cumulative net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) and its connection with cumulative or average climatic variables during five growing seasons. The analysis was based on a 5-year-long time series of CO2 flux measured from April 1996 to April 2001 in a Scots pine forest in southern Finland by the eddy covariance technique. The onset of the ecosystem growing season was best connected with air temperature, and the end of the growing season was best connected with day length. With these variables we were able to predict the timing and the length of each growing season within 0–3 days. The forest was a sink of carbon with little interannual variability: The uptake during the four full growing seasons varied by 80 g C m−2, ranging from 230 to 310 g C m−2. The estimated winter release each year varied between 60 and 90 g C m−2. The interannual variation in seasonal (spring, summer, autumn) carbon exchange ranged from 30 g C m−2 in autumn and spring to 80 g C m−2 in summer. The average climatic variables explained the variability of the seasonal or growing-season cumulative NEE only partly. Both the daytime and the nighttime CO2 fluxes contributed markedly to the variability in carbon exchange, indicating that photosynthesis and respiration have an equally important influence on NEE.
Exploitation of high‐density DInSAR data points of the Umbria‐Marche (Italy) 1997 seismic sequence for fault characteristics

High spatial resolution DInSAR data for the Umbria Marche 1997 seismic sequence are exploited by relaxing constraints derived from datasets of different nature, such as seismologically derived fault dimensions. DInSAR data are thus inverted for a realistic slip distribution over the faults, in terms of depth distribution and roughness, which allows us to relocate the main faults and to minimize the misfit between the vertical displacement pattern derived from DInSAR and model predictions. Our analysis reveals that slip affected not only the shallowest part of the fault system but also its deepest part, rupturing the whole seismogenic layer of the crust down to 10 km, reaching slip values up to 30 cm at the base of the seismogenic layer. Misfit is reduced by a factor of two with respect to previous analyses based on a smaller number of digitized fringe points.
Mapping the onset and progression of atrophy in familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration

Background: Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) may be inherited as an autosomal dominant disease. Studying patients “at risk” for developing FTLD can provide insights into the earliest onset and evolution of the disease. Method: We carried out approximately annual clinical, MRI, and neuropsychological assessments on an asymptomatic 51 year old “at risk” family member from a family with FTLD associated with ubiquitin-positive and tau-negative inclusion bodies. We used non-linear (fluid) registration of serial MRI to determine areas undergoing significant regional atrophy at different stages of the disease. Results: Over the first 26 months of the study, the patient remained asymptomatic, but subsequently developed progressive speech production difficulties, and latterly severe orofacial dyspraxia, dyscalculia, frontal executive impairment, and limb dyspraxia. Regional atrophy was present prior to the onset of symptoms, and was initially centred on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the left middle frontal gyrus. Latterly, there was increasing asymmetric left frontal and parietal atrophy. Imaging revealed excess and increasing global atrophy throughout the study. Neuropsychological evaluation revealed mild intellectual impairment prior to the onset of these clinical symptoms; frontal executive and left parietal impairment subsequently emerged, culminating in widespread cognitive impairment. Fluid registered MRI allowed the emerging atrophy patterns to be delineated. Conclusion: We have demonstrated the onset and progressive pattern of in vivo atrophy in familial FTLD using fluid registered MRI and correlated this with the clinical features. Fluid registered MRI may be a useful technique in assessing patterns of focal atrophy in vivo and demonstrating the progression of degenerative diseases.
Pregnancy Represses Induction of Efflux Transporters in Livers of Pregnancy Represses Induction of Efflux Transporters in Livers of Type I Diabetic Mice Type I Diabetic Mice

The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of a 12 month, progressive resistance training intervention on muscle morphology and strength gains in postmenopausal women. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis of five (N=5) independent community dwelling women, (mean age: 75.6 ± 4.28 yrs; mean height: 163 ± 5.34 cm; mean weight: 72 ± 17.5 kg) before, six months and 12 months after progressive resistance training. Muscle strength (1-RM) was measured at the same time points. After six months of training morphological analysis revealed evidence of increased proteolysis and tissue repair, and rudimentary fiber development. The percent of Z bands with mild Z band disruption increased from 43.9% at baseline to 66.7% after six months of training (p < 0.01). Mitochondrial volume also increased (% of mitochondria = 0.86% at baseline, 1.19% at six months and 1.04% at 12 months, p<0.05) and there was a shift to larger sized mitochondria. The training did not result in statistically significant increases in muscle leg strength (p<0.18). It appears that mild Z band disruption acts as a precursor for increased protein synthesis and stimulates an increase in mitochondrial mass. Therefore, while a progressive resistance training program in this population did not increase muscle strength, it did demonstrate clinical applications that lend support to the importance of resistance training in older adults. effects of the progressive resistance training program on skeletal muscle remodeling and adaptation. in this study. medications to interfere with exercise adaptation were excluded this study statins, diuretics). Skeletal muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis at baseline and after six and 12 months of participating in a progressive resistance training program. resistance
The Ecology of Giant Kelp Forests in California: A Community Profile

Giant kelp forests are marine communities dominated by the large brown alga, Macrocystis pyrifera. In the northern hemisphere, stands of this species occur along the outer coast of the eastern Pacific from near Santa Cruz in central California to the central coast of Baja California, Mexico. Plants are usually attached to rocky substrata at depths of 5 to 20 m. These submarine forests are probably the most species-rich, structurally complex and productive communities in temperate waters. This profile reviews the relevant literature (over 400 citations) describing M. pyrifera, the organisms associated with it, the interactions among these organisms, and environmental factors that affect the distribution and structure of the community. The state of our knowledge about giant kelp forests is summarized, and suggestions are made for future research and management. 31 figs., 12 tabs.
Carcinogenesis is associated with sex-biased tissue environments and imbalances between estrogen receptor alpha and thyroid hormone receptors

There is extensive evidence of sex differences in the susceptibility and prognosis of non-reproductive cancers. In addition to external factors, biological sex bias (e.g., sex chromosomes, hormones, and immune function) is suspected to function as a selective pressure that influences the evolutionary process of carcinogenesis. However, there remains a lack of clarity concerning the extent of the effect of sex bias on carcinogenesis, as well as the underlying mechanism. In this study, we show that tissue sex bias, correlated to gonadotropin-releasing hormone, varies among tissues and is associated with two distinct age-specific patterns of cancer incidence: parallel and nonparallel. Additionally, we reveal that imbalances in estrogen receptor alpha and thyroid hormone receptors are associated with levels of hypoxia-inducible factors, which have three phases (hypoxia, hyperoxia, and “chaotic-oxia”) that exist in most cancers and are linked to specific cancer subtypes, including cancers with microsatellites, the CpG island methylator phenotype, or hypermethylation. Our results suggest that sex-biased tissue environments and hormonal imbalances may influence the incidence pattern and direction of carcinogenesis, emphasizing the importance of maintaining hormonal homeostasis for cancer prevention and providing insights toward improving therapies for cancer types with hormonal imbalances. Plain English summary Sex bias has been long observed in cancer susceptibility and prognosis. Hormone difference between the two sexes was believed to play a role. However, the mechanism is still largely unknown. Our study has shown that the activity of one hormone secreted from pituitary, namely gonadotropin-releasing hormone, are correlated to sex-biased tissue environment, which was speculated to influence incidence patterns of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, hormonal imbalance, particularly imbalance in receptors of estrogen and thyroid hormone, which is associated with specific cancer subtypes, was speculated to influence the direction of carcinogenesis. Highlights There are two distinct patterns of cancer age-specific incidence curve between the two sexes: parallel and nonparallel. The parallel and nonparallel patterns are associated with sex bias in tissue environments which is correlated with sex-biased activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Three sex-biased mutated genes: PTEN, PGM5 and LARP4B, have tissue-specific hotspot mutations which are associated with microsatellite instability (MSI), and the proportion of MSI exhibit sex bias in stomach cancer. Three hypoxia induce factors (HIFs) phases: hypoxia, hyperoxia, and “chaotic-oxia”, exist in most cancers and are linked to specific cancer subtypes, including cancers with MSI, the CpG island methylator phenotype, and hypermethylation. The phases of HIFs are associated with imbalances between estrogen receptor alpha and thyroid hormone receptors.
Title: Cancer initiation is influenced by sex-biased tissue environment or imbalanced hormones

: Cancer initiation is an evolutionary process of driver mutation accumulation under the selective pressure of tissue environment. To investigate whether sex bias in tissue environment could influence cancer initiation, we evaluated tissue sex bias in GTEx data together with curve patterns of age-specific cancer incidence between the two sexes. We found a high prevalence of nonparallel age-specific incidence pattern between the two sexes in stomach, thyroid, adrenal gland cancers, and melanoma. Correspondingly, adrenal gland, stomach, thyroid, and skin have the most sex-biased expressed pathways. Among the sex-biased expressed pathways, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone related pathways are associated with tissue sex bias. Analysis on TCGA data revealed that imbalance in estrogen and thyroid hormone is linked to hypoxia signaling pathway and certain cancer subtypes. Our result suggests that sex-biased tissue environment or imbalanced hormones influence the evolutionary process of cancer initiation.
Surface salinity advection in the tropical oceans compared with atmospheric freshwater forcing: A trial balance

[1] Climatological surface salinities and satellite-derived surface currents are combined to estimate the horizontal and vertical time mean and seasonal salinity divergence in the tropical ocean's surface layer. The mean salinity divergence has magnitude and spatial patterns matching major features of an estimate of evaporation minus precipitation averaged from several atmospheric general circulation model reanalyses and satellite-derived products (spatial correlation of 0.63). Thus a substantial portion of the atmospheric freshwater flux appears to be balanced by ocean transports in a relatively thin (32.5 m) surface layer. Large regional discrepancies remain, however, and their magnitude is greater than the scatter among the various atmospheric forcing products used in this study. The present salinity divergence calculation is imprecise because the mean salinity gradients have been weakened by large-scale smoothing of sparse and unevenly sampled data. Further, other investigators show that higher-frequency ocean processes (e.g., vertical and horizontal mixing of salinity) are significant at least locally. Nevertheless, several areas of consistent disagreement between mean flow salinity divergence and atmospheric forcing, such as excess evaporation in subtropical gyres, are suggestive of errors in the forcing. In particular, the shortfall of salinity convergence balancing high precipitation in the western Pacific is roughly consistent with regional surface flux corrections required to bring ocean general circulation model integrations into long-term balance in this region. Thus this shortfall may reflect either overlarge precipitation estimates or a fundamental misunderstanding of how the ocean disperses this flux. Ultimately, further ocean physics must be addressed before firm conclusions can be drawn about the fraction of atmospheric freshwater input unaccounted for by the near-surface mean flow and seasonal salinity divergence. High-resolution space-based salinity measurements will be necessary to provide the temporal and spatial coverage necessary to develop ocean salinity transport calculations into useful constraints on ocean processes, surface hydrological forcing, and model simulations.
On the Global Occurrence and Impacts of Transient Luminous Events (TLEs)

Based on the first four years of the ISUAL (Imager of Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning) experiment onboard the FORMOSAT‐2 satellite, ELVEs are found to be the most abundant type (∼80%) of TLEs (transient luminous events), whereas sprites and halos only combine to account for ∼20%. The distribution of sprites and halos closely resemble that of the cloud‐to‐ground lightning. However, nearly 60% of ELVEs occurred over the ocean, a feature indicating that the high peak current lightning is more abundant over the ocean. The global TLE occurrence rates are inferred to be 72, 3.7, and ∼1 events/minute, respectively, for ELVEs, halos, and sprites. Comparing with the results from the first three years of the ISUAL experiment reported by Chen et al. [1], the global occurrence rates for ELVEs and halos are higher due to the adoption of different correction factors. Using these updated TLE rates, the free electron content over an ELVE hot zone is estimated to be elevated by more than 10%. From analyzing ISUAL .
Measuring drop size distribution and kinetic energy of rainfall using a force transducer

The relatively high cost of commercially available raindrop spectrometers and disdrometers has inhibited detailed and intensive research on drop size distribution, kinetic energy and momentum of rainfall which are important for understanding and modelling soil erosion caused by raindrop detachment. In this study, an approach to find the drop size distribution, momentum and kinetic energy of rainfall using a relatively inexpensive device that uses a piezoelectric force transducer for sensing raindrop impact response is introduced. The instrument continuously and automatically records, on a time-scale, the amplitude of electrical pulses produced by the impact of raindrops on the surface of the transducer. The size distribution of the raindrops and their respective kinetic energy are calculated by analysing the number and amplitude of pulses recorded, and from the measured volume of total rainfall using a calibration curve. Simultaneous measurements of the instrument, a rain gauge and a dye-stain method were used to assess the performance of the instrument. Test results from natural and simulated rainfalls are presented. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calibration and validation of high frequency radar for ocean surface current mapping

Abstract : High Frequency (HF) radar backscatter instruments are being developed and tested in the marine science and defense science communities for their abilities to sense surface parameters remotely in the coastal ocean over large areas. In the Navy context, the systems provide real-time mapping of ocean surface currents and waves critical for characterizing and forecasting the battle space environment.