Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anelastic and Compressible Simulation of Moist Deep Convection

AbstractAnelastic and compressible solutions are compared for two moist deep convection benchmarks, a two-dimensional thermal rising in a saturated moist-neutral deep atmosphere, and a three-dimensional supercell formation. In the anelastic model, the pressure applied in the moist thermodynamics comes from either the environmental hydrostatically balanced pressure profile in the standard anelastic model or is combined with nonhydrostatic perturbations from the elliptic pressure solver in the generalized anelastic model. The compressible model applies either an explicit acoustic-mode-resolving scheme requiring short time steps or a novel implicit scheme allowing time steps as large as those used in the anelastic model. The consistency of the unified numerical framework facilitates direct comparisons of results obtained with anelastic and compressible models.The anelastic and compressible rising thermal solutions agree not only with each other but also with the previously published compressible benchmark so.
Optimization of the medium for the production of cellulase by the Trichoderma viride using submerged fermentation

The main purpose of this study to reduced the production cost of cellulase by using alternative carbon source such as municipal solid waste residue and optimized fermentation medium for high yielding. In the present investigation, to isolate the novel cellulase producing fungi, Trichoderma viride from municipal solid waste and to optimize the physicochemical and nutritional parameters for cellulase production. Municipal solid waste residue and yeast extract were found to be the best combination of carbon and nitrogen source for the production of cellulase by Trichoderma sp. Optimal concentration of municipal solid waste residue and yeast extract for the production of cellulase were 45% (w/v) and 1.0% (w/v), respectively. Optimum temperature and pH of the medium for the cellulase production by Trichoderma viride was 45 °C and 6.5. Cellulase production from Trichoderma viride can be an advantage as the enzyme production rate is normally higher as compared to other fungi.
t-HGSP: Hypergraph Signal Processing Using t-Product Tensor Decompositions

Graph signal processing (GSP) techniques are powerful tools that model complex relationships within large datasets, being now used in a myriad of applications in different areas including data science, communication networks, epidemiology, and sociology. Simple graphs can only model pairwise relationships among data which prevents their application in modeling networks with higher-order relationships. For this reason, some efforts have been made to generalize well-known graph signal processing techniques to more complex graphs such as hypergraphs, which allow capturing higher-order relationships among data. In this article, we provide a new hypergraph signal processing framework (t-HGSP) based on a novel tensor-tensor product algebra that has emerged as a powerful tool for preserving the intrinsic structures of tensors. The proposed framework allows the generalization of traditional GSP techniques while keeping the dimensionality characteristic of the complex systems represented by hypergraphs. To this end, the core elements of the t-HGSP framework are introduced, including the shifting operators and the hypergraph signal. The hypergraph Fourier space is also defined, followed by the concept of bandlimited signals and sampling. In our experiments, we demonstrate the benefits of our approach in applications such as clustering and denoising.
Mechanical and tribological properties of chemically modified jute/epoxy composites

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present work is to assess the effectiveness of low-cost and environmental friendly chemical modification of jute fibres based on the usage of sodium hydroxide (AT), sodium carbonate (ST) and sodium hydrogen carbonate (SHT) on the morphological, water absorption, mechanical and tribological characteristics of jute fibre-reinforced epoxy composites (JFREC). Mechanical properties like tensile strength, tensile modulus and impact strength showed appreciable improvement for the AT JFREC (38.08%, 30.56% and 31.66%), ST JFREC (70.03%, 33.06% and 41.30%) and SHT JFREC (24.69%, 8.88% and 22.61%) when compared to untreated JFREC. The experimental results also confirmed that the improved fibre-matrix adhesion, attained by chemical modification, increased the water absorption resistance and the tribological properties of chemically modified JFREC. Improved mechanical and tribological properties attained by the chemically modified JFREC can be found as a potential application in automotive and packaging industries.
Space Analyticity for the NavierStokes and Related Equations with Initial Data in L p

We introduce a method of estimating the space analyticity radius of solutions for the Navier Stokes and related equations in terms of L p and L norms of the initial data. The method enables us to express the space analyticity radius for 3D Navier Stokes equations in terms of the Reynolds number of the flow. Also, for the Kuramoto Sivashinsky equation, we give a partial answer to a conjecture that the radius of space analyticity on the attractor is independent of the spatial period.
“It’s a pain, but it’s not like the end of the world”: Students’ experiences of emergency remote teaching

A chasm exists between pre-COVID online learning literature, focusing on teachers and students who have chosen online teaching and learning, and post-COVID literature, in which teaching and learning are forced online. This research focuses on students’ experiences of the move to online learning, the strategies they employed and their overall perceptions of differences between face-to-face and online learning. A single semi-structured interview was conducted with 16 students at the end of the semester in which learning was migrated online. When the learning was moved online, the students were all 3 weeks into their second year of a bachelor’s degree in the humanities and social sciences. The interview data was collected soon after the students completed these courses and analysed using thematic analysis. Generally, the findings of this study support other post-COVID studies, finding that students who were required to study online had more negative experiences than positive ones. Students who are enrolled in full-time face-to-face qualifications also appear to have different needs from those who choose to study online. Students felt that they would have benefited from more structure during emergency remote teaching, such as synchronous learning experiences scheduled at a fixed time. Implications for practice or policy: Lecturers should conduct lectures synchronously in emergency online learning for on-campus students. Teaching staff should include their faces in recorded instruction in asynchronous online modes. Teaching staff should offer tests in alternative formats rather than avoiding them in online learning. Universities should prioritise tutorials, workshops and laboratories in face-to-face mode over lectures in hybrid education.
Acclimatisation of orchids using plant growth-promoting bacteria and humic acids

ABSTRACT Acclimatisation of orchid seedlings propagated in vitro is a slow process that can be accelerated with the use of plant growth-promoting microorganisms and humic substances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plant’s response to inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria and humic acids, as well as to their combined use, during the period of acclimatisation of Cymbidium sp. orchids. The treatments were control; application of humic acids; inoculation with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; inoculation with Burkholderia cepacia; inoculation with S. maltophilia and B. cepacia; inoculation with S. maltophilia combined with application of humic acids; inoculation with B. cepacia combined with application of humic acids; inoculation with S. maltophilia and B. cepacia combined with application of humic acids. A total of 150 days after acclimatisation, the plants were biometrically and nutritionally evaluated. Inoculation with the bacterial strains separately promoted seedlings with greater N content; however, only inoculation with S. maltophilia, resulted in plants with more total dry matter in relation to the control. There was no response from application of humic acids in an isolated manner or in combination with the bacterial strains. The results indicate the biotechnological potential of the bacteria S. maltophilia in promoting the growth of the Cymbidium sp. orchid.
Influence of a Mean Shear on the Dynamical Instability of an Inertio–Gravity Wave

Abstract Linear theory is used to examine the influence of a mean shear on the dynamical instability of a large-amplitude inertio-gravity wave (IGW). The strength and orientation of the mean shear and the frequency of the IGW are all found to influence the occurrence and characteristics of the dynamical instability. Neutral curves and growth rates of the instability are computed to examine this dependence. The results obtained suggest that an IGW may support dynamical instability ova a wider range of frequencies and with larger growth rates in the presence of a mean sheet.
Corpus-based cognitive semantics: Extended units of meaning and their implications for Translation Studies

Traditional lexical semantics focuses on the meaning of individual lexemes. Firth (1957) brought our attention to collocations and the fact that meaning is not isolated in the lexeme. In 1996 Sinclair argued for the existence of extended units of meaning which, as the expression indicates, go beyond the lexeme. In recent years Stubbs (2001b), and other corpus linguists have convincingly shown that meaning is a phraseological phenomenon to a high degree. Corpus searches allow us to study lexemes in their immediate context, study their most frequent collocates and thus help us reveal their semantic preferences (Sinclair 1987, 1996) and semantic prosodies (evaluation) (Louw 1993). Some of the findings confirm intuitions, whereas some make us aware of connotations which we have never before consciously known the existence of. In this article, I shall argue for the application of corpus-based cognitive semantics as a tool for researchers within translation studies (TS) who are particularly interested in revealing evaluative aspects of the units of meaning of source texts and their translations. What may formerly have been described as something intangible like an ‘atmosphere’, now becomes tangible because of the patterns emerging from large numbers of examples. I shall provide empirical examples in various langua ges of such evaluative patterns which are of course not automatically generated but come about as the result of computer-generated concordance lines and thorough manual analysis.
The average longitudinal air shower profile: exploring the shape information

The shape of the extensive air shower (EAS) longitudinal profile contains information about the nature of the primary cosmic ray. However, with the current detection capabilities, the assessment of this quantity in an event-by-event basis is still very challenging. In this work we show that the average longitudinal profile can be used to characterise the average behaviour of high energy cosmic rays. Using the concept of universal shower profile it is possible to describe the shape of the average profile in terms of two variables, which can be already measured by the current experiments. These variables present sensitivity to both average primary mass composition and to hadronic interaction properties in shower development. We demonstrate that the shape of the average muon production depth profile can be explored in the same way as the electromagnetic profile having a higher power of discrimination for the state of the art hadronic interaction models. The combination of the shape variables of both profiles provides a new powerful test to the existing hadronic interaction models, and may also provide important hints about multi-particle production at the highest energies.
Morphometrical analyses revealed high diversity of the eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) in mountains and islands in China

Abstract The eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) is of great importance for ecosystems and agriculture in Asia, whose diversity has yet to be explored. Previous studies have found a high diversity of A. cerana in mountainous areas or islands. To better understand the morphological diversity of A. cerana, we focused on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), a region with high mountains, Weizhou Island, Yongxing Island and Hainan Island, much of which lacks systematic investigation of honey bee diversity. Five sampling sites in the plain were also selected as references. A total of 140 colonies of A. cerana were collected from 9 localities in QTP, 3 localities in islands, and 5 localities in plain. We used standard morphometry and geometric morphometrics to assess the level of diversity, in which principal component analysis and discriminant analysis were conducted. The results revealed the A. cerana populations from QTP and islands were differentiated from the plain populations. Moreover, two populations from QTP and one from Yongxing Island showed significant divergence. Our study provided insights into the A. cerana diversity and provides information for the effective conservation of A. cerana genetic resources in China.
Direct observation of the symmetry breaking of the nanometer-scale local structure in the paraelectric cubic phase of BaTiO3 using convergent-beam electron diffraction

Nanometer-scale local structures of the cubic phase of barium titanate (BaTiO3) are investigated by convergent-beam electron diffraction (CBED) using a nanometer-size electron probe. Breaking of the cubic symmetry has been discovered in the nanometer-scale areas of the cubic phase. This indicates the existence of local polarization clusters as a precursor of the phase transition. Symmetry-breaking index maps for the fourfold rotation symmetry are given at different temperatures with the combined use of scanning transmission electron microscopy and CBED methods (STEM-CBED). A spatially hierarchical structure of the cubic phase is proposed, which may explain different local symmetries reported using different experimental probes.
Association of Sex Differences with Mortality and Organ Dysfunction in Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock

Background: Despite recent advances in the clinical management and understanding of sepsis and septic shock, these complex clinical syndromes continue to have high mortality rates. The effect of sex on these diseases’ mortality, clinical presentation and morbidity remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association of sex with mortality and organ dysfunction in patients with sepsis and septic shock. Methods: Prospectively enrolled patients with clinically defined sepsis and septic shock in three intensive care units at University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany, were investigated. The primary outcomes were 28- and 90-day mortality, while the secondary endpoints included the evaluation of organ dysfunction as measured by clinical scores and laboratory parameters. Results: A total of 737 septic patients were enrolled, including 373 in septic shock, 484 males, and 253 females. No significant differences in 28- and 90-day mortality were observed in the cohort. However, men with sepsis had significantly higher SOFA scores, SOFA respiratory and renal subscores, bilirubin and creatinine values, and lower weight-adapted urine outputs, indicating higher organ dysfunction compared to women. Conclusions: Our findings revealed notable differences in organ dysfunction between male and female patients, with males exhibiting more pronounced dysfunction across multiple clinical indicators. These results highlight the potential influence of sex on sepsis disease severity and suggest the need for tailored approaches in sepsis management according to patient sex.
Monte Carlo study of diffuse reflectance at source–detector separations close to one transport mean free path

The spatially resolved reflectance of turbid media is studied at short source–detector separations (approximately one transport mean free path) with Monte Carlo simulations. For such distances we found that the first and second moments of the phase function play a significant role in the reflectance curve, whereas the effect of higher-order moments is weak. Second-order similarity relations are tested and are found efficient at reducing the number of relevant parameters necessary to predict the reflectance. Indeed, only the four following parameters are necessary: the refractive index, the absorption coefficient, the reduced scattering coefficient, and a phase function parameter γ that depends on the first and second moments of the phase function. For media of known γ, the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients can be determined from the intensity and the slope of the log of the reflectance, measured at a single distance. Other empirical properties of the reflectance are derived from the simulations, using short-distance measurements, which provide clues for determining the scattering and absorption properties. In particular, the slope of the square root of the reflectance does not depend on the absorption coefficient but depends on both the reduced scattering coefficient and the phase function parameter γ.
The Role of Natural Products in the Improvement of Cancer-Associated Cachexia

The enormous library of natural products and herbal medicine prescriptions presents endless research avenues. However, the lack of research evidence and trials on cancer-induced cachexia limit the therapeutic potential of natural products. Cancer-induced cachexia is a systemic wasting syndrome characterized by continuous body weight loss with skeletal muscle and adipose tissue atrophy. Cancer cachexia is a problem in itself and reduces the quality of life by lessening the treatment efficacy of anticancer drugs. This review summarizes single natural product extracts for cancer-induced cachexia, not compounds derived from natural products and herbal medicine prescriptions. This article also discusses the effect of natural products on cachexia induced by anticancer drugs and the role of AMPK in cancer-induced cachexia. The article included the mice model used in each experiment to encourage researchers to utilize animal models for research on cancer-induced cachexia in the future.
Performance Analysis of Cell-Free Massive MIMO Network With Large-Scale-Fading Decoding and Low-Resolution ADCs

Concentrating on cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) networks with low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), we derive the theoretical achievable uplink spectral efficiency (SE) for the minimum mean-squared error (MMSE)-based large-scale fading decoding (LSFD). Moreover, we investigate the bit allocation (BA) among access points (APs) to maximize the asymptotic sum SE under the constraint of total ADC quantization bits. Simulation results confirm that our theoretical analysis is accurate and validate that the proposed BA technique is preferable to the random and fixed counterparts.
Adaptive Context Caching for IoT-Based Applications: A Reinforcement Learning Approach

Making internet-of-things (IoT)-based applications context-aware demands large amounts of raw data to be collected, interpreted, stored, and reused or repurposed if needed from many domains and applications. Context is transient but interpreted data can be distinguished from IoT data in many aspects. Managing context in cache is a novel area of research that has been given very little attention. Performance metric-driven adaptive context caching (ACOCA) can have a profound impact on the performance and cost efficiency of context-management platforms (CMPs) when responding to context queries in realtime. Our paper proposes an ACOCA mechanism to maximize both the cost and performance efficiency of a CMP in near realtime. Our novel mechanism encompasses the entire context-management life cycle. This, in turn, distinctively addresses the problems of efficiently selecting context for caching and managing the additional costs of context management in the cache. We demonstrate that our mechanism results in long-term efficiencies for the CMP that have not been observed in any previous study. The mechanism employs a novel, scalable, and selective context-caching agent implemented using the twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient method. It further incorporates an adaptive context-refresh switching policy, a time-aware eviction policy, and a latent caching decision management policy. We point out in our findings that the additional complexity of adaptation introduced to the CMP through ACOCA is significantly justified, considering the cost and performance gains achieved. Our algorithm is evaluated using a real-world inspired heterogeneous context-query load and a data set based on parking-related traffic in Melbourne, Australia. This paper presents and benchmarks the proposed scheme against traditional and context-aware caching policies. We demonstrate that ACOCA outperforms the benchmarks in both cost and performance efficiency, i.e., up to 68.6%, 84.7%, and 67% more cost efficient compared to traditional data caching policies to cache context, redirector mode, and context-aware adaptive data caching under real-world-like circumstances.
Predictors of Parents’ Willingness to Vaccinate Their Children Against COVID-19 in India: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

Background Parents are more concerned about the available evidence of the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of the pediatric COVID-19 vaccine. Aim To assess the parents’ willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 and associate it with health belief model constructs. Materials and Methods A countrywide, online, self-administered, cross-sectional survey was conducted from December 15, 2021 to March 8, 2022. The HBM approach was used as a theoretical context to assess the predictors of parents’ willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. Results The majority (1,563; 95.4%) of parents are intended to immunize their children against COVID-19. Parent education, financial status, job, number of children, age-related vaccination status of the child, and household suffering from chronic disorders were significantly associated with a parent's willingness to recommend the COVID-19 vaccine for their children. The findings of HBM constructs indicated that perceived benefits (OR 14.222; 95% CI 7.192-28.124) of the COVID-19 vaccine in children, susceptibility (OR 7.758; 95% CI 3.508-17.155) of children toward COVID-19, and severity (OR 3.820; 95% CI 2.092-6.977) of COVID-19 infection in children were significantly associated with parent acceptance to vaccinate their children. Parents’ higher perception of barriers (OR 0.609; 95% CI 0.372-0.999) to vaccination reduces the intention to vaccinate children against COVID-19. Conclusion The findings of our study reveal that the value of HBM constructs in the identification of predictors associated with the parents’ willingness to encourage COVID-19 vaccine for their children. It is important to improve health and reduce the barriers to COVID-19 vaccination among Indian parents having children less than 18 years.