Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Residual Dynamic Metatarsus Adductus Correction by Split Tibialis Anterior Transfer Following Ponseti Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot

Background: Idiopathic clubfoot is characterized by an alteration of the morphology of the foot that cannot physiologically move on the ground. Tibialis anterior tendon transfer was is an effective method in the management of dynamic supination as well as prevention of clubfoot relapse in children. The aim of the current study to confirm the best management of split tibialis anterior tendon transfer in the treatment of residual clubfoot. Patients and methods: A prospective study included 18 patients (22 feet) with residual dynamic supination deformity following previous ponseti management. Patients underwent split transfer of the anterior tibial tendon at Zagazig University hospitals. Clinical and radiographic assessment of outcomes is performed at the end of healing. Results: The present study included 18 cases (12 males and 6 females) with mean age of 3.43 years ± 0.71 to assess outcome of split tibialis anterior tendon transfer in management of residual clubfoot. Patient age ranged from 2.5 years to 5 years old at the time of the operation, 9 with right foot affection, 5 with left foot deformity while 4 patients (8 feet) were bilateral. The majority of cases were males (66.7%) and females were (33.3%). Right side was affected in 9 cases (50%), the left was affected in five . cases (27.8%) while four cases (22.2%) were bilateral. The mean radiological measurment improvement of AP talocalcaneal angle, AP talofirst metatarsal angle, Lattalocalcanael angle, Lattalo-first metatarsal angle, Firstfifth metatarsal over lap, and the improvement of all angles were stastistically significant. The complication rate was 16.7% (3 cases) all had superfecial infection only. Conclusion: The anterior tibial tendon transfer is a practical method for achieving fully or split transfer due to both techniques have an excellent outcomes with low complication. It is simple and effective softtissue procedure to correct the muscle imbalance of the foot. The split tibialis tendon transfer are still better because of low risk of over correction which preserve some inversion function.
Clinical Comparative Study of Effect of Two Different Doses of Phenylephrine on Spinal Induced Hypotension during Cesarean Section

Background and Aims: During Cesarean section, hypotension occurs in the most of parturients, following spinal anesthesia. This prospective observational study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of two different Bolus Doses of Phenylephrine for Prevention of Spinal-Induced Hypotension during Cesarean Section. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 parturients undergoing cesarean section were divided into two groups of group A and group B with sixty in each group. Group A received phenylephrine 75 mcg IV bolus, while Group B received phenylephrine 100 mcg IV bolus, immediately after giving spinal anesthesia. For the next 20 minutes, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DSP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded every 2 minutes, and APGAR scores at 1 and 5 minutes were recorded. Results: There was no difference between the two groups in terms of preventing hypotension, with 16.6% in Group A and 16.6% in Group B. In the first 2–6 minutes, however, the rise in systolic pressure in Group B was higher than in Group A. Group B (46.66 %) had a higher rate of bradycardia than Group A (25 %). Conclusion: Both phenylephrine dosages were equally effective in preventing hypotension following spinal anesthesia. However, Prophylactic bolus dose of phenylephrine 75 mcg was found to be effective for the management of spinal-induced hypotension and should be preferred over 100 mcg which causes significant bradycardia and reactive hypertension.
Do CEO Duality and Ownership Concentration Impact Dividend Policy in Emerging Markets? The Moderating Effect of Crises Period

Despite developments of recent theoretical and numerous empirical studies on the policies effectively adopted by companies, the dividend distribution policy (DDP) remains largely unexplained. In this regard, the main purpose of the current study is to empirically examine the effects of both CEO duality and ownership concentration on DDP during a crisis period. Furthermore, we test, using an interaction variable, the moderating effect of the crisis period on the association between both the degree of CEO duality and the ownership concentration on the DDP by analyzing panel data on selected listed firms in an emerging economy, namely, Tunisia. Based on a sample made up of 576 firm-year observations over the period 1996–2019, the findings of this research indicate that the crisis period plays an important role in mitigating the positive effect of both CEO duality and ownership concentration on DDP. The findings confirm furthermore that the crisis period on the one hand and both CEO duality and ownership concentration on the other represent two competing forces influencing DDP. Our results also support the agency theory on which DDP depends, among other things, family ownership, board and company size, and ROE.
Experimental and Three-Dimensional CFD Investigation in a Gas Turbine Exhaust System

Both experimental and three-dimensional CFD investigations are carried out in a scale model of an industrial gas turbine exhaust system to better understand its complex flow field and to validate CFD prediction capabilities for improved design applications. The model consists of an annular diffuser passage with struts, followed by turning vanes and a rectangular plenum with side exhaust. Precise measurements of total/static pressure and flow velocity distributions at the model inlet, strut outlet and model outlet are made using aerodynamic probes and locally a Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV). Numerical analyses of the model internal flow field are performed utilizing a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes (N-S) calculation method with the industry standard {kappa}-{epsilon} turbulence model. Both the experiments and computations are carried out for three load conditions: full speed no load (FSNL), full speed mid load (FSML, 57% load), and full speed full load (FSFL). Based on the overall comparison between the measurements and CFD predictions, this study concludes that the applied N-S method is capable of predicting complicated gas turbine exhaust system flows for design applications.
Engineering design of sustainable aluminium composite material with rice husk core

ABSTRACT In the current scenario, colossal demand for state-of-the-art green composites has surged significantly to be exploited in commercial applications with a concurrent need to curtail plastics. The present study targets Aluminium Composite Materials (ACM) with a polyethylene core that can be substituted by rice husk (RH), a hard protective sheath of rice grains. Rice husk is a paragon of eco-friendliness and a productive latent agricultural byproduct. The current investigation focuses on designing and fabricating an ACM with rice husk core in different proportions of rice husk (5, 10, 15, and 20% by weight) with epoxy resin to form a laminate and sandwiched between aluminium sheets. Its various physical, mechanical, and environmental properties were examined to correlate with commercially existing ACMs, composites made from agricultural residues, plywood, and hardboards. It was observed that the proposed composite is light-weight with low water absorption, appreciable tensile and flexural strength, and vibration modes beyond the frequency range of operation. It is envisaged that the eco-friendly ACM with the rice husk core would be a promising eco-solution for daily-use applications like signage, hoarding, and frames.
Precise single cell monitoring reveals principles of cell growth

Accumulation of mass is a fundamental cellular process that is associated with metabolism, signaling and regulation. Despite the wealth of knowledge in molecular processes the principles of growth in mammalian cells are poorly understood since growth has never been monitored with high precision. Development of the Suspended Microchannel Resonator (SMR), a microfluidic mass measurement system, enables femtogram cell mass resolution. With this, we developed a method to simultaneously measure molecular signals and single cell mass with high precision over multiple generations. First we investigated how cells control their size. It is known that proliferating cells govern the rate at which they build their biomass and divide, but the mechanism that is used to maintain size homeostasis remains unclear. We obtained over 1,000 hours of growth data from mouse lymphoblast and pro-B-cell lymphoid cell lines. Cell lineage analysis revealed a decrease in the growth rate variability at the G1/S phase transition, which suggests the presence of a growth rate threshold for maintaining size homeostasis. We could also identify unexpected aspects of the growth trajectory such as continuation of growth during M phase, large and switch-like drop in growth rate upon cytokinesis. We next studied the metabolic and energetic requirements necessary for cell growth by monitoring immediate single cell growth response to nutrient depletion. To this end, we developed a method to gently exchange the fluid surrounding a cell while constantly monitoring cell growth. We observed that cells immediately change the growth rate upon depletion of key nutrients such as glucose or glutamine. The growth rate change was surprisingly large but restored upon repletion of nutrients. This implies that immediate growth response integrates both loss of nutrient uptake and signaling associated with metabolism of the particular nutrient. We developed two platforms to measure single cell growth in high throughput. These advancements will broaden the application of the SMR to the study of primary cells or cancer cells.
Design Impact of Piezoelectric Actuator Nonlinearities

This paper presents data supporting the need for including the nonlinear effects inherent in voltage control of piezoelectric stack actuators in order to generate accurate system models. The describing function approach was used in this investigation as an example. While the use of the describing functions does improve overall accuracy of the system model, it is demonstrated that the extreme sensitivity of the describing functions to amplitude at low actuator displacements still compromises the accuracy of models of systems that include voltage-controlled piezoelectric actuators. It is also demonstrated that using charge-feedback control with the piezoelectric actuators makes the need for nonlinear model elements less pressing since the charge control describing functions are much nearer unity than their voltage control counterparts. The charge control describing functions are also less amplitude dependent, so estimates of system performance can be made with greater confidence.
Sports injuries and psychological aspects of pain perception of athletes

Background: Injury is one of the risks of performing regular sports activities, which causes mild to severe physical discomfort and emotional distress for athletes. Objective: As there is not much research on the psychological aspects of pain perception of athletes, the main purpose of this study was to investigate differences in pain coping styles according to gender and type of sport. Methods: The sample consisted of 147 athletes (101 men, 46 women) who reported a previous sports-related injury, with an average age of 20.82 ± 1.61 years, involved in individual (n = 59) and team (n = 88) sports. The pain perception was evaluated by Sports Inventory for Pain (SIP15) comprised of three subscales: coping by direct action, catastrophizing, and somatic awareness. Results: We found that men perceive pain in sport more intensely and sensitively than women (p = .01, r = .21). Nevertheless, men consider pain to be more bearable and give up less than women (p = .05, r = .16). In individual and team sports, we did not find significant differences in response to painful stimuli, but in terms of giving up due to the perceived pain, the athletes of individual sports scored higher values than athletes of team sports (p = .04, r = .17). In coping by direct action, we also did not find significant differences between gender or types of sports. Conclusions: The results of our research suggest that pain perception is one of the factors influencing giving up in the sport. Therefore, we recommend that this aspect be considered in psychological preparation and that the efforts of sports psychologists should focus on eliminating escape reactions, especially for women, which would contribute to higher mental resilience and effective management of painful obstacles. We also recommend implementing psychological preparation aimed at overcoming pain more in individual sports, because it seems that individual athletes can handle pain much more difficultly than collective athletes.
Performance of Ductless Personalized Ventilation in Conjunction with Displacement Ventilation: Impact of Workstations Layout and Partitions

The performance of a new personalized ventilation system, referred to as ductless personalized ventilation (DPV), was studied in full-scale room experiments in conjunction with displacement ventilation (DV). The idea behind DPV is to utilize clean and cool air supplied via DV. In the experiment, the DPV, consisting of an air supply terminal device, a small fan, and a short duct, sucked clean air from floor level near the desk. The performance of the DPV system was evaluated under various arrangements of two identical workstations. Two breathing thermal manikins were used to simulate seated occupants. Two tracer gases, one mixed with the air exhaled by one of the manikins and the other generated on the table in front of the same manikin, were used to simulate pollution. When the DPV system was operational, the inhaled air was as clean as the air inhaled using only the DV alone and even cleaner for some of the layouts studied. The use of DPV in conjunction with DV substantially decreased the temperature of the inhaled air and increased the body cooling in comparison with use of DV alone, i.e., DPV also had potential for improving occupants' perceived air quality and thermal comfort.
Tracing Source Language Interference in Translation with Graph-Isomorphism Measures

Previous research has used linguistic features to show that translations exhibit traces of source language interference and that phylogenetic trees between languages can be reconstructed from the results of translations into the same language. Recent research has shown that instances of translationese (source language interference) can even be detected in embedding spaces, comparing embeddings spaces of original language data with embedding spaces resulting from translations into the same language, using a simple Eigenvector-based divergence from isomorphism measure. To date, it remains an open question whether alternative graph-isomorphism measures can produce better results. In this paper, we (i) explore Gromov-Hausdorff distance, (ii) present a novel spectral version of the Eigenvector-based method, and (iii) evaluate all approaches against a broad linguistic typological database (URIEL). We show that language distances resulting from our spectral isomorphism approaches can reproduce genetic trees on a par with previous work without requiring any explicit linguistic information and that the results can be extended to non-Indo-European languages. Finally, we show that the methods are robust under a variety of modeling conditions.
Rodent Brain Pathology, Audiogenic Epilepsy

The review presents data which provides evidence for the internal relationship between the stages of rodent audiogenic seizures and post-ictal catalepsy with the general pattern of animal reaction to the dangerous stimuli and/or situation. The wild run stage of audiogenic seizure fit could be regarded as an intense panic reaction, and this view found support in numerous experimental data. The phenomenon of audiogenic epilepsy probably attracted the attention of physiologists as rodents are extremely sensitive to dangerous sound stimuli. The seizure proneness in this group shares common physiological characteristics and depends on animal genotype. This concept could be the new platform for the study of epileptogenesis mechanisms.
Discrimination and Subsequent Mental Health, Substance Use, and Well-being in Young Adults.

OBJECTIVES Discrimination has been shown to have profound negative effects on mental and behavioral health and may influence these outcomes early in adulthood. We aimed to examine short-term, long-term, and cumulative associations between different types of interpersonal discrimination (eg, racism, sexism, ageism, and physical appearance discrimination) and mental health, substance use, and well-being for young adults in a longitudinal nationally representative US sample. METHODS We used data from 6 waves of the Transition to Adulthood Supplement (2007-2017, 1834 participants) of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Outcome variables included self-reported health, drug use, binge drinking, mental illness diagnosis, Languishing and Flourishing score, and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale score. We used logistic regression with cluster-robust variance estimation to test cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between discrimination frequency (overall, cumulative, and by different reason) and outcomes, controlling for sociodemographics. RESULTS Increased discrimination frequency was associated with higher prevalence of languishing (relative risk [RR] 1.34 [95% CI 1.2-1.4]), psychological distress (RR 2.03 [95% CI 1.7-2.4]), mental illness diagnosis (RR 1.26 [95% CI 1.1-1.4]), drug use (RR 1.24 [95% CI 1.2-1.3]), and poor self-reported health (RR 1.26 [95% CI 1.1-1.4]) in the same wave. Associations persisted 2 to 6 years after exposure to discrimination. Similar associations were found with cumulative high-frequency discrimination and with each discrimination subcategory in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. CONCLUSIONS In this nationally representative longitudinal sample, current and past discrimination had pervasive adverse associations with mental health, substance use, and well-being in young adults.
Microbial mediation of modern dolomite precipitation and diagenesis under anoxic conditions

ABSTRACT Dolomite, despite its thermodynamic stability and abundance in the ancient rock record, is rarely found forming in Holocene environments. This enigma is frequently called the Dolomite Problem. The recent discovery of modern dolomite formation in Lagoa Vermelha, a shallow-water isolated coastal lagoon east of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, provides a new environment to investigate the factors promoting dolomite precipitation under earth surface conditions. Lagoa Vermelha serves as a natural laboratory in which the dolomite formation process was studied using an integrated hydrologic, geochemical, and sedimentological approach. The results of this study indicate that Ca-dolomite precipitation occurs under anoxic hypersaline conditions within a black sludge layer directly overlying the water/se iment interface. With deposition, the dolomite undergoes an "ageing" process, whereby increased ordering of the crystal structure occurs. Both the initial precipitation and subsequent early diagenesis are strongly mediated by microbial activity. In fact, using sulfate-reducing bacteria cultured from Lagoa Vermelha samples, a highly ordered dolomite has been produced in the laboratory at low temperatures. These experimental results combined with the study of the natural environment mandate that a microbial factor be added to the list of factors capable of causing dolomite precipitation. Considering the Lagoa Vermelha system, we propose a new actualistic model for dolomite formation, which we call the microbial dolomite model.
Using Case Studies to Improve the Critical Thinking Skills of Undergraduate Conservation Biology Students

Critical thinking (CT) underpins the analytical and systems-thinking capacities needed for effective conservation in the 21st century but is seldom adequately fostered in most postsecondary courses and programs. Many instructors fear that devoting time to process skills will detract from content gains and struggle to define CT skills in ways relevant for classroom practice. We tested an approach to develop and assess CT in undergraduate conservation biology courses using case studies to address both challenges. We developed case studies with exercises to support content learning goals and assessment rubrics to evaluate student learning of both content and CT skills. We also developed a midterm intervention to enhance student metacognitive abilities at a light and intensive level and asked whether the level of the intervention impacted student learning. Data from over 200 students from five institutions showed an increase in students’ CT performance over a single term, under both light and intensive interventions, as well as variation depending on the students’ initial performance and on rubric dimension. Our results demonstrate adaptable and scalable means for instructors to improve CT process skills among undergraduate students through the use of case studies and associated exercises, aligned rubrics, and supported reflection on their CT performance.
Bicycle helmet retention system testing and evaluation

Abstract Bicycle helmet testing is conducted under laboratory conditions, which do not always reflect real-world conditions. This paper reports on a survey of chin strap use among a test group of bicycle riders and the results of three tests: (1) a retention harness system static test to determine elongation properties; (2) a loop and position device test to determine the effects of the combination of the webbing positioner and the elongation properties of the webbing; and (3) a dynamic test to demonstrate the compatibility of the helmet retention system under real-world type dynamic impact loading conditions. The survey showed that bicyclists wear their helmets with an average of 4.76 cm of strap clearance when tested with a 500 gram load. Tests of chin strap shows that substantial motion and elongation can occur under nominal loading conditions. Comparative dynamic testing resulted in a bicycle helmet rotating forward significantly and exposing the back of the dummy head, while an equestrian helmet with a different retention system design rotated only slightly forward and remained on the dummy head. These tests demonstrate that effective helmet retention testing must take into account consumers’ normal use of helmets, and how all the elements in the helmet and its retention system work together.
Proteolytic and Structural Changes in Rye and Triticale Roots under Aluminum Stress

Proteolysis and structural adjustments are significant for defense against heavy metals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the Al3+ stress alters protease activity and the anatomy of cereale roots. Azocaseinolytic and gelatinolytic measurements, transcript-level analysis of phytocystatins, and observations under microscopes were performed on the roots of Al3+-tolerant rye and tolerant and sensitive triticales exposed to Al3+. In rye and triticales, the azocaseinolytic activity was higher in treated roots. The gelatinolytic activity in the roots of rye was enhanced between 12 and 24 h in treated roots, and decreased at 48 h. The gelatinolytic activity in treated roots of tolerant triticale was the highest at 24 h and the lowest at 12 h, whereas in treated roots of sensitive triticale it was lowest at 12 h but was enhanced at 24 and 48 h. These changes were accompanied by increased transcript levels of phytocystatins in rye and triticale-treated roots. Light microscope analysis of rye roots revealed disintegration of rhizodermis in treated roots at 48 h and indicated the involvement of root border cells in rye defense against Al3+. The ultrastructural analysis showed vacuoles containing electron-dense precipitates. We postulate that proteolytic-antiproteolytic balance and structural acclimation reinforce the fine-tuning to Al3+.