Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exergy Analysis and Design Optimization for Aerospace Vehicles and Systems

Recognizing a critical need for a holistic approach to systems integration and multidisciplinary analysis and design optimization, volume editors Camberos and Moorhouse pioneered the application of a powerful scientific principle, the second law of thermodynamics, for aerospace engineering. "Exergy Analysis and Design Optimization for Aerospace Vehicles and Systems" illustrates how they applied this law to advance aerospace systems analysis and design optimization. They set forth a comprehensive research program incorporating: a systematic theoretical basis for constructing the proper formulas quantifying exergy balance; development of new computational capabilities for calculating exergy destruction; and, exploration of novel approaches for system-level design. To enable rational progress in this unorthodox aero-sciences domain, they developed a conceptual framework for constructing performance metrics across multiple disciplines to map work-potential losses as a common currency. Concepts discussed include: identification of the upper limits on engineering system performance using the second law of thermodynamics; design methodology integration with tools developed in CFD and MDA/MDO; application of exergy methods to all levels of flight vehicle design; and, future directions, including constructal theory, quantum thermodynamics, and numerical methods in light of the second law.
Hyperons in Finite and Infinite Nuclear Systems

In this work, we shortly review the role and properties of hyperons in finite and infinite nuclear systems such as hypernuclei and neutron stars. Particularly, we describe different production mechanisms of hypernuclei, discuss some aspects of their γ-ray spectroscopy and their weak decay modes, and give a few strokes on their theoretical description. We reexamine also the role played by hyperons on the properties of neutron and proto-neutron stars with a special emphasis on the well-known “hyperon puzzle”, of which we discuss some of the solutions that have been proposed to tackle this problem. Finally, we review the role of hyperons on the cooling properties of newly born neutron stars and on the so-called r-mode instability.
INFLUENCE OF USING DIETARY ANTIOXIDANT ON PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF MANDARA STRAINS UNDER SUMMER CONDITIONS

The present study aimed to investigate the influence of the dietary antioxidant addition to the basal diet on productive and reproductive performance of Mandara strains under summer conditions. A total number of 147 laying hens and 21 cocks at 24 weeks of age was allocated to 7 treatment groups (21 hens + 3 cocks / each treatment) until 36 weeks of age. The birds within each treatment were fed as follows:T1: Basal diet only without supplementation (served as a control), T2: Basal diet and 100 mg Vitamin C /kg feed, T3: Basal diet + 100 mg Vitamin E /kg feed, T4: Basal diet + 100 mg Vitamin C + E /kg feed, T5: Basal diet + 200 ml rosemary oil /kg feed, T6: Basal diet + 200 ml oregano oil /kg feed and T7: Basal diet + 100 ml rosemary and oregano oils as medicinal plants /kg feed, respectively. The obtained results showed that, the major percentage components of rosemary and oregano oils by Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC—MS) analysis were 1.8-cineole (44.33), αPinene (16.38) and Carvacrol (65.41) and p-cymene (14.58), respectively. Under the high ambient temperatures dietary oregano oil, Vitamin C, rosemary oil and an equal mixture of Vitamin C + E added to the basal basal diet were significantly (P≤0.05) increased the percentage of egg production and egg mass of Mandara layers. However, rosemary oil and an equal mixture of Vitamin C + E added to the diet were significantly (P≤0.05) heavier of egg weight than nonsupplemented groups during the whole experimental period. Combinations of rosemary and oregano oils, combination of Vitamin C and E, rosemary oil, oregano oil, Vitamin C, Vitamin E alone in the diet treated groups were significantly (P≤0.05) enhancement of fertile eggs (%), hatchability/total eggs (%), sperm motility and sperm-cell concentration (X 10 9 /ml) and decreased yolk cholesterol, serum
ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF AN ALUMINUM BRIDGE DECK PANEL: PART II: FAILURE ANALYSIS

Aluminum bridge decks may prove to be an alternative to concrete decks for improving the performance of structural bridge systems. Combining excellent corrosion resistance with extremely low density, aluminum decks can prolong surface life, facilitate the construction process, and expand rehabilitation capabilities. Reynolds Metals Company (Reynolds) has invested considerable resources to develop a proprietary aluminum deck system. The Virginia Department of Transportation agreed to employ the Reynolds' deck system in two projects. Using Federal Highway Administration sponsorship, the Virginia Transportation Research Council initiated a study to evaluate the aluminum deck system. The first phase of this project analyzed the static response of a 2.74 m x 3.66 m (9 ft x 12 ft) deck panel. both service-load and ultimate-load tests were performed on the panel at the Turner-Fairbank Structural Laboratory in the fall of 1996. The experimental and analytical evaluation of the ultimate load static tests is the subject of this report. The failure load and failure mechanism were predicted with great accuracy. The model data predicted panel failure at a load of 911.89 kN (205 kips) by yielding under the load patch, whereas failure during the laboratory test occurred at a load of 872.07 kN (196.05 kips) by gross yielding underneath the load patch.
Low Loss Hybrid Waveguide Electric Field Sensor Based on Optical D-fiber

LOW LOSS HYBRID WAVEGUIDE ELECTRIC FIELD SENSOR BASED ON OPTICAL D-FIBER Eric K. Johnson Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Master of Science This thesis presents the fabrication of a low loss hybrid waveguide electric field (E-field) sensor based on optical D-fiber. This novel E-field sensor is formed as part of a contiguous fiber resulting in a flexible and small cross-section device that can be embedded into electronic circuitry. The in-fiber nature of this sensor also eliminates the need for alignment and packaging that conventional sensors need. An optical fiber can detect electric fields when the core of the fiber is partially removed and replaced with an electro-optic polymer. This polymer causes a change in the index of refraction in the waveguide of the device when in the presence of an electric field. The change in the effective index of refraction changes the speed of the light in the vertical axis relative to the light in the horizontal axis creating a phase change between the two axes. This phase change can be detected as a change in the polarity of the light coming out of the fiber. The sensor is formed by partially etching out the core of a D-shaped optical fiber and depositing a polymer to form a hybrid waveguide. The polymer becomes sensitive to electric fields through corona poling. The typical corona poling process is not amenable to poling a polymer located in the fiber core. A method of poling conducive to an in-fiber device was developed and demonstrated. Using PMMA and DR1 for proof of concept, the operation of the first in-fiber hybrid waveguide electric field sensor is demonstrated. Etch depth, polymer composition, and polymer spin rate are optimized to provide strong interaction between the light and the sensing portion of the hybrid waveguide while maintaining low optical loss. High frequency testing was demonstrated to show that the effect is electrooptic. AC testing also allows the Eπ of the sensors to be determined at lower electric fields than are required for DC testing, eliminating charge build up and electric field break down issues.
Technologies to improve the performance of wireless sensor networks in high-traffic applications

The expansion of wireless sensor networks to advanced areas, including structure health monitoring, multimedia surveillance, and health care monitoring applications, has resulted in new and complex problems. Traditional sensor systems are designed and optimised for extremely low traffic loads. However, it has been witnessed that network performance drops rapidly with the higher traffic loads common in advanced applications. In this thesis, we examine the system characteristics and new system requirements of these advanced sensor network applications. Based on this analysis, we propose an improved architecture for wireless sensor systems to increase the network performance while maintaining compatibility with the essential WSN requirements: low power, low cost, and distributed scalability. We propose a modified architecture deriving from the IEEE 802.15. 4 standard, which is shown to significantly increase the network performance in applications generating increased data loads. This is achieved by introducing the possibility of independently allocating the sub-carriers in a distributed manner. As a result, the overall efficiency of the channel contention mechanism will be increased to deliver higher throughput with lower energy consumption. Additionally, we develop the concept of increasing the data transmission efficiency by adapting the spreading code length to the wireless environment. Such a modification will not only be able to deliver higher throughput but also maintain a reliable wireless link in the harsh RF environment. Finally, we propose the use of the battery recovery effect to increase the power efficiency of the system under heavy traffic load conditions. These three innovations minimise the contention window period while maximising the capacity of the available channel, which is shown to increase network performance in terms of energy efficiency, throughput and latency. The proposed system is shown to be backwards compatible and able to satisfy both traditional and advanced applications and is particularly suitable for deployment in harsh RF environments. Experiments and analytic techniques have been described and developed to produce performance metrics for all the proposed techniques.
Effects of the Insulation Quality on the Frequency Response of Power

This paper presents results of frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) measurements on oilimpregnated pressboard insulation, their analyses and use of the data for modeling high frequency response (FRA) of transformers. The dielectric responses were measured in a broad frequency range, i.e. from 0.1 mHz to 1 MHz, on model samples containing different amount of moisture. The responses were parameterized with terms representing dc conductivity, low frequency dispersion and Cole-Cole polarization mechanisms and they were thereafter used to model the FRA response of a three-phase transformer.
Linear generators for direct drive marine renewable energy converters

This thesis is concerned with the development of linear generators for use as the power take off mechanism in marine renewable energy converters. Delivering significant power at the low velocities demanded by wave and tidal stream energy converters requires a large force, which must be reacted by an electrical machine in a direct drive system. Attention is focused on the development of two novel topology linear permanent magnet machines suitable for use in this application. For each topology, models are presented that are capable of predicting the force characteristics and dynamic generator performance. The models, which are verified experimentally, reveal significant behavioural differences between the two topologies. The designer is thus provided with an interesting choice when considering a direct drive power take off strategy. In short, a variable reluctance machine is shown to develop a high shear force in its airgap, offering the potential of a compact generator, yet its performance is hindered by a poor power factor and the presence of significant airgap closure forces. The second machine, an air cored stator encompassing a permanent magnet translator, is shown to lend itself favourably as a generator, but only at the expense of requiring a large quantity of magnetic material and developing a significantly lower shear stress. Mechanical issues involved in the direct integration of linear electrical machines into the marine environment are examined. Details of two existing marine renewable energy devices are used to hypothesise about the characteristics of realistic sized generators of both the topologies investigated. Direct drive power take off is shown to represent a feasible alternative to the complex systems frequently proposed in these applications.
Multilayer Active Shell Mirrors

This thesis presents a novel active mirror technology based on carbon fiber composites and replication manufacturing processes. Multiple additional layers are implemented into the structure in order to provide the reflective layer, actuation capabilities and electrode routing. The mirror is thin, lightweight, and has large actuation capabilities. These features, along with the associated manufacturing processes, represent a significant change in design compared to traditional optics. Structural redundancy in the form of added material or support structures is replaced by thin, unsupported lightweight substrates with large actuation capabilities. Several studies motivated by the desire to improve as-manufactured figure quality are performed. Firstly, imperfections in thin CFRP laminates and their effect on post-cure shape errors are studied. Numerical models are developed and compared to experimental measurements on flat laminates. Techniques to mitigate figure errors for thicker laminates are also identified. A method of properly integrating the reflective facesheet onto the front surface of the CFRP substrate is also presented. Finally, the effect of bonding multiple initially flat active plates to the backside of a curved CFRP substrate is studied. Figure deformations along with local surface defects are predicted and characterized experimentally. By understanding the mechanics behind these processes, significant improvements to the overall figure quality have been made. Studies related to the actuation response of the mirror are also performed. The active properties of two materials are characterized and compared. Optimal active layer thicknesses for thin surface-parallel schemes are determined. Finite element simulations are used to make predictions on shape correction capabilities, demonstrating high correctabiliity and stroke over low-order modes. The effect of actuator saturation is studied and shown to significantly degrade shape correction performance. The initial figure as well as actuation capabilities of a fully-integrated active mirror prototype are characterized experimentally using a Projected Hartmann test. A description of the test apparatus is presented along with two verification measurements. The apparatus is shown to accurately capture both high-amplitude low spatial-frequency figure errors as well as those at lower amplitudes but higher spatial frequencies. A closed-loop figure correction is performed, reducing figure errors by 94%.
REACTIVE SEAT DESIGN FOR OPTIMUM WHIPLASH MITIGATION AT DIFFERENT CRASH SEVERITIES

This paper presents the development of reusable whiplash mitigating car seats that can effectively manage the response of the seatback to rear impact for a wide range of crash severities. For this purpose, computational multi-body models of a generic car seat and a biofidelic 50th percentile male human model for rear impact are developed. Three reactive car-seat design concepts are proposed whose effectiveness are demonstrated by simulating rear impacts at severities ranging from 4.5 to 30 kph. Among the proposed seat concepts, the one which employs a modification on the conventional seatback structural design, provides the most optimum neck protection at all crash severities. For the covering abstract see ITRD E143807.
DETERMINING PRECONSOLIDATION STRESS AND PENETRATION PORE PRESSURES FROM DMT CONTACT PRESSURES. TECHNICAL NOTE

Over recent years, several geotechnical explorations in clay deposits have shown the flat dilatometer test (DMT) to provide reasonable estimates of in-situ overconsolidation ratio with depth. Why should the horizontal strass index (K sub D = initial contact pressure minus hydrostatic pressure normalized to the effective overburden stress) show an empirical trend with over consolidation ratio (OCR)? It is postulated that, since the closing pressure and contact pressures are nearly equal, the initial contact pressure in clay is an approximate measure of the total pore pressure induced during penetration of the dilatometer blade. Published data from a clay site tested by a special DMT having a pore-pressure sensor, as well as piezocone/dilatometer data from 7 other sites, support this hypothesis. Since the pore-pressure response of clay is influenced by the in-situ OCR, the initial effective DMT contact pressure can be used to profile the stress history.
The determination of some requirements for a helicopter flight research simulation facility

Important requirements were defined for a flight simulation facility to support Army helicopter development. In particular requirements associated with the visual and motion subsystems of the planned simulator were studied. The method used in the motion requirements study is presented together with the underlying assumptions and a description of the supporting data. Results are given in a form suitable for use in a preliminary design. Visual requirements associated with a television camera/model concept are related. The important parameters are described together with substantiating data and assumptions. Research recommendations are given.
SYNTHESIS OF HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH ON OLDER DRIVERS AND HIGHWAY SAFETY. VOLUME II: HUMAN FACTORS AND HIGHWAY SAFETY RESEARCH SYNTHESIS

The overall goals in this project were to perform literature reviews and syntheses, using meta-analytic techniques, where appropriate, for a broad and comprehensive body of research findings on older driver needs and (diminished) capabilities, and a more focused body of work concerning human factors and highway safety, to support the development of specific research products. The research products completed through these activities included: (1) an applications-oriented "Older Driver Highway Design Handbook" intended to supplement standard design manuals for practitioners; (2) an "Older Driver Research Synthesis" oriented toward human factors professionals and researchers; (3) a "Human Factors and Highway Safety Synthesis" capturing major findings and trends in studies of driver use of (and difficulties with) a wide range of highway elements; (4) future research program recommendations that are focused on specified applications and are consistent with the needs identified through other work in this project; and (5) the shell of a relational data base (RIDHER) structured to encompass the information elements in these research syntheses.
Effect of strain softening on the ultimate strength and stability of flexible frames.

The principal role of any structural connection is to transfer forces safely between the various components meeting at that joint. Therefore, it is important for these connections to provide adequate structural strength to resist the loads and possess the necessary ductility to deform as the structure resists the loads. Local buckling or distortion of cross-section due to the complexities and irregularities in geometry of many types of connections is found to be a source of softening in the moment-rotation behavior of some kinds of connections and has an effect on the maximum load-carrying capacity of steel structures. In this study, a computer program is developed for the analysis of flexibly jointed frames. The connections are represented by nonlinear spring elements at the ends of members. An elastic-plastic hinge plane frame analysis including the effect of nonlinear connection behavior is presented to predict the ultimate loadcarrying capacity of steel frames with sufficient accuracy. Members between plastic hinges are assumed to behave elastically. The nonlinear moment-rotation behavior of the connection is represented by a four parameters Richard model. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of connections with a strain softening behavior on the ultimate strength and stability of flexible frames. Further studies include the effect of connection flexibility on the drift of multi-story frames. The result of the analysis shows that the drift in multi-story frames can be reduced by increasing the stiffness of the connections used in the structure. Numerical studies of frames made using the developed computer program are presented. Observations regarding the effects of flexible connections on the strength and deflection of steel framed structures are discussed. The proposed
Prestress recovery of steam-cured pretensioned concrete members, M.S. thesis, June 1976

INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose and Scope 1.2 Background 1.3 Experimental Program 1.3.1 Fabrication of Specimens 1.3.2 General Testing Program FABRICATION AND TESTING 2.1 Fabrication Program 2.2 The Steam Curing 2.3 Testing Program THEORETICAL ANALYSIS 3.1 Preliminaries 3.1.1 Loading Arrangement 3.2 Experimental Analyses 3.2.1 Cracking Moment 3.2.2 Ultimate Moment 3.2.3 Concrete Fiber Stress at Cracking 3.3 Analysis of Gage Data 3.3.1 SR-4 Strain Gages 3.3.2 Clip Gages iv Page 1 2 2 4 6 6 8 10 10 14 15 18 18 18 . 20 20 21 22 24 24 25 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page 4. TEST RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 26 4.1 General 26 4.2 Observations During Fabrication 27 4.3 Flexure Test Results 30 4.4 Comparisons 33 5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 35 6. TABLES 37 7. FIGURES 45 8. REFERENCES 53 VITA 54
A STATISTICAL APPROACH TO STATEWIDE TRAFFIC COUNTING

A statistical framework that can be used for analysis of statewide traffic count data is described. A basis for designing a streamlined and cost-effective statewide traffic data collection program is also provided. The procedures described were developed as part of an in-depth evaluation study for the Washington State Department of Transportation. They were used to develop recommendations for an improved, statistically based, statewide highway data collection program. The program is intended to be implemented readily and is consistent with the FHWA Highway Performance Monitoring System and the recent FHWA draft Traffic Monitoring Guide. Several modifications (improvements) to the statistical framework of the latter for volume counting and vehicle classification were investigated, particularly methods of deriving estimates of annual average daily traffic (AADT) from short-duration axle counts at any location on the state highway system. AADT estimates can be derived for each vehicle type, if desired. The estimation of associated seasonal, axle correction, and growth factors is also described. The methodology enables the statistical precision of all estimates to be determined. The results obtained from applying these procedures to Washington State traffic data are presented.
Perspective on basic architectures and properties of unconventional and Field Induced Josephson junction devices

We present the concept of unconventional and Field Induced Josephson junction (uJJ and FIJJ) and devices built from them. They can be made by placement of ferromagnetic strip on top of a superconducting strip. In such case modulation of superconducting order parameter and magnetization is obtained. Furthermore we can build tunable Josephson junction arrays, which can be tuned by applying external magnetic field to some circuit element(s). We present the superconducting order parameter distributions obtained from extended GinzburgLandau functional, which includes the coexistence of superconducting order parameter and magnetization. We present the case of SQUID built in uJJ and FIJJ architecture and current limiter.