Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preliminary static EIT images of the thorax in health and disease

The results of a preliminary clinical evaluation of a one-frequency electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system enabling static in vivo imaging are presented. The design of the measuring system and image reconstruction software are described. Thirty-one subjects were examined and divided into four clinical groups. The first group consisted of 22 patients with clinical diagnosis of lung cancer with tumour localization in one lung. The second group consisted of seven healthy subjects. A patient after a one-sided pneumectomy and another with one-sided emphysema diagnosis were also examined. Static EIT images of a healthy human chest and a chest with various abnormalities are given and discussed. The evaluated system distinguishably visualizes various states of lungs and thorax including lung cancer. The average static conductivity of an affected lung in the first clinical group statistically differs from the average conductivity of a healthy lung. In spite of low spatial resolution, according to preliminary results, the method can be sensitive to cancer and other lung diseases in screening investigations.
Youth Perceptions of Private Security Guard Industry in Russia

ABSTRACT In this exploratory study article, we examine Russian citizens, more specifically youth (college students), perceptions of private security guards who come in contact with private citizens. We examine public attitudes toward the nature of security guards' work as it relates to their professionalism, effectiveness, and the degree to which they are satisfied with their work. Data for this research was drawn from a sample of 364 college students attending various universities in St. Petersburg, Russia. Our findings suggest the Russian students are ambivalent in general about the nature of security work, security guards' professionalism, if they are effective, and that they are not satisfied with their services. However, positive contact with security guards appeared to be a strong predictor of their positive views on various dimensions of security guard work. Findings also suggest that there are group differences in terms of age, gender, and income in their views about the various dimensions of private security guards' work and occupation.
Integrating Participatory Data Acquisition and Modelling of Irrigation Strategies to Enhance Water Productivity in a Small‐Scale Irrigation Scheme in Tigray, Ethiopia

Application of participatory modelling to water‐saving strategies in smallholder farming is rare. Farmer‐preferred and efficient strategies were identified through participatory modelling. The farmers' basin irrigation and scheduling (I), farmers' scheduling with furrow strategy (II), farmers' scheduling with alternate furrow strategy (III) and scheduling at 55% maximum allowable depletion (MAD) (IV) were evaluated for maize (Zea mais) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) using the FAO AquaCrop model. The results showed that I resulted in over‐irrigation for maize and under‐irrigation for barley, while IV resulted in maximum yield (8.6 t ha‐1 for maize and 2 t ha‐1 for barley) with maximum (1.8 kg m‐3) and minimum (0.8 kg m‐3) water productivity of maize under IV and I, respectively. A shift from I to IV (most preferred strategy by farmers) can save 8440 mm of water, which can possibly bring back 18.5 ha of land into irrigation. It is essential to interact with farmers on a basis of mutual comprehension to increase their trust and to lay a base for discussion, awareness raising and decision making. The transdisciplinary approach, Community of Practice (CoP) and Learning Practice Alliance (LPA) were appropriate platforms for participation. The increased crop yield and water productivity may contribute to ecological and economical sustainability and social equity. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DPM, a fast, accurate Monte Carlo code optimized for photon and electron radiotherapy treatment planning dose calculations

A new Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm, the `dose planning method' (DPM), and its associated computer program for simulating the transport of electrons and photons in radiotherapy class problems employing primary electron beams, is presented. DPM is intended to be a high-accuracy MC alternative to the current generation of treatment planning codes which rely on analytical algorithms based on an approximate solution of the photon/electron Boltzmann transport equation. For primary electron beams, DPM is capable of computing 3D dose distributions (in 1 mm3 voxels) which agree to within 1% in dose maximum with widely used and exhaustively benchmarked general-purpose public-domain MC codes in only a fraction of the CPU time. A representative problem, the simulation of 1 million 10 MeV electrons impinging upon a water phantom of 1283 voxels of 1 mm on a side, can be performed by DPM in roughly 3 min on a modern desktop workstation. DPM achieves this performance by employing transport mechanics and electron multiple scattering distribution functions which have been derived to permit long transport steps (of the order of 5 mm) which can cross heterogeneity boundaries. The underlying algorithm is a `mixed' class simulation scheme, with differential cross sections for hard inelastic collisions and bremsstrahlung events described in an approximate manner to simplify their sampling. The continuous energy loss approximation is employed for energy losses below some predefined thresholds, and photon transport (including Compton, photoelectric absorption and pair production) is simulated in an analogue manner. The δ-scattering method (Woodcock tracking) is adopted to minimize the computational costs of transporting photons across voxels.
Synchrotron emission from young and nearby pulsars

The rising cosmic ray positron fraction reported by the PAMELA collaboration has lead to a great deal of interest in astrophysical sources of energetic electrons and positrons, including pulsars. In this paper, we calculate the spectrum of synchrotron emission from electrons and positrons injected from 366 young pulsars ( < 106 years) contained in the ATNF catalog, and compare our results to observations. We find that if objects such as the Vela and Crab pulsars have injected ∼ 1048 erg or more in energetic electrons and/or positrons, they are expected to produce bright and distinctive features in the synchrotron sky. Intriguingly, we predict hard synchrotron emission from these regions of the sky which is qualitatively similar to that observed by WMAP.
Preparing design students for the market: an initial investigation on the required knowledge and skills for graphic designers in Brazil

Abstract How design professionals are trained – knowledge and skills acquired – affects directly the contribution provided for companies. In this paper, we report an initial investigation in how academics (students and teachers) and market (companies) value different skills in graphic design professionals. Through a survey with students, teachers and companies in Brazil, we unveil the relevance of 25 skills for both students, teachers and companies. Then, we compared those groups to find differences in how the skills were rated. Our contribution aims both design educators and practitioners: for the former, the skills highly valued by companies should be addressed through design education practices in order to improve employability chances for students; for the latter, professionals looking to improve their skills and position in the market can use our findings as a possible guide for self-development as a design professional.
A Continuous Approach to Controllable Text Generation using Generative Adversarial Networks

The challenges of training generative adversarial network (GAN) to produce discrete tokens, have seen a considerable amount of work in the past year. However, the amount of successful work on applying deep generative models to text generation is limited, when compared to the visual domain. One of the reasons, is the challenge of passing the gradient, while keeping the network differentiable. The known effective models that generate text with GAN, extend the original framework proposed by Goodfellow et al. [2014], using reinforcement learning. We propose a novel approach that requires no modification to the training process introduced by Goodfellow et al. [2014], and in addition is able to produce meaningful text without any pre-training. Our approach is not limited to the textual domain, and could be able to solve a variety of problems related to generating sequences of discrete tokens. We show a proof of concept for an image captioning model that extends our text generator to perform controllable text generation. This approach provides a straightforward method for controlling text generation using images, or any other vector representing relevant information. Evaluating results produced by GANs is a common problem. The absence of real data for each corresponding sample generated from the network, makes the appliance of common evaluation methods difficult. As a solution to this challenge, we have developed an automatic evaluation method for text generative systems. This method combines the machine learning evaluation metric, bilingual evaluation understudy (BLEU), with a set of interchangeable information retrieval techniques. This permits us to evaluate the semantic quality of our models, as well as comparing them to a baseline.
Characterization of Different Interface Types for HVDC Extruded Cable Applications

In extruded HVDC cable systems a variety of interface types can be found, and the interfacial properties depend on the application within the system. Such applications can be joints, terminations or the cable itself and they will all have different material combinations and manufacturing methods. To ensure at least 40 years of faultless operation of the cable system and its interfaces, proper design and quality control is essential. This requires detailed knowledge on how physical, measurable quantities of polymer surfaces relate to electrical characteristics such as electric field and space charge accumulation. This work aims to expand our understanding by assessing polymer surfaces created with different, industrializable preparation methods resulting in varying degree of surface roughness. Breakdown tests, charge decay measurements, optical profilometry and other characterization methods have been performed on cable peelings created from full-sized HVDC cables. It was found that, depending on preparation method, very different roughness levels and textures are created on the polymer surfaces. There were also other impacts of the preparation method found, such as altered surface morphology or the introduction of surface states. A clear relation between surface roughness and the localized field distribution was found, which mainly depended on the arithmetical surface height parameter Sa, but also to a minor degree on the shape of the surface texture. Field dependent bulk conductivity was found to reduce the tail in the surface field distribution histogram, but was not able to fully remove the distribution itself. The surface field distribution showed to have a clear impact on space charge injection, and was capable of creating a field threshold effect. This effect could not be accounted for by a fixed field parameter in the Schottky equation. In this work, charge injection was assumed to be the sum of Schottky and Fowler-Nordheim injection, which resulted in a very significant increase in charge injection above the threshold field. This led to bulk-limited charge injection above the threshold field, along with significant homocharge accumulation. Increased roughness was observed to reduce the breakdown field in the tested samples, which for the larger test objects scaled well with the calculated threshold fields. For the cable peelings, an impact of surface roughness was found as well, but at significantly higher field levels. The origin of this scaling effect is further discussed in this thesis. The threshold fields were also found for rough surfaces in the charge decay measurement. By utilizing rough ground electrodes, significantly higher decay currents were measured above the field thresholds. The increase in decay speed is related to opposite charge injection during the poling phase before the measurement. The findings of this work are believed to be applicable to many high voltage applications, especially in cases where solid insulation with low conductivity is used at high electric fields.
A Review of Ground Target Detection and Classification Techniques in Forward Scattering Radars

This paper presents a review of target detection and classification in forward scattering radar (FSR) which is a special state of bistatic radars, designed to detect and track moving targets in the narrow region along the transmitter-receiver base line. FSR has advantages and incredible features over other types of radar configurations. All previous studies proved that FSR can be used as an alternative system for ground target detection and classification. The radar and FSR fundamentals were addressed and classification algorithms and techniques were debated. On the other hand, the current and future applications and the limitations of FSR were discussed.
Numerical Investigation of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow inside PEMFC Gas Channels with Rectangular and Trapezoidal Cross Sections

The dynamics of liquid water in the gas channels with rectangular sections (REC), trapezoidal sections with open angles of 60 degrees (T60), and trapezoidal sections with open angles of 72 degrees (T72) are numerically investigated via the volume of fluid method. The effects of the contact angle of the top and side walls (CATS), the water inlet configuration, and the air inlet velocity are studied based on the temporal evolution of gas-liquid interface, the water volume fraction (WVF), the water coverage ratio of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) surface (GWCR), and the pressure drop between the air inlet and the outlet. For the hydrophobic GDL surface and the hydrophilic top and side walls, the T72 provides the lowest WVF and GWCR of around 7 percent due to periodic pressure spikes. The REC and T60 show a higher WVF and a lower GWCR as most of liquid water moves along the channel while attached to the top wall. As the CATS increases from 60 to 120 degrees, the behaviors of liquid water become similar for the three cross-sectional shapes. The T72 shows especially similar results irrespective of the CATS. When the liquid water emergence is concentrated along the side wall, the T72 shows the best water removal characteristics. For all the three channel cross-sectional shapes, water slugs move faster and have smaller sizes as the air inlet velocity increases.
MELHORAMENTO GENÉTICO DAS CULTIVARES DE MILHO CMS 47 E BR 5039 (SÃO VICENTE) NA REGIÃO MEIO-NORTE DO BRASIL

In the agricultural year of 2000/2001 the corn varieties CMS 47 sintetic and the BR 5039 were submitted to one cycle of half-sib family selection in the Brazilian MidNorth Region, to elevate the favorable alleles frequency and to obtain estimates of the genetic and phenotypic parameters. In the same agricultural year, for obtaining one cycle by year, 196 families were evaluated in a 14 x 14 simple lattice experimental design, with recombination of the selected families. For ear weight, the CMS 47 sintetic variety had higher variability than the BR 5039, contemplated with a larger component of the additive genetic variance. The expected genetic gain with the half-sib family selection also expressed that variability, being 5.63% for the CMS 47 and 0.72%, for the BR 5039. The magnitude of the family x environment interaction points out the importance of evaluating the families in more than one location, to improve the efficiency of the selective process and to obtain more consistent estimates of the variance components.
Fast ion density measurements using high energy neutral particle analysis in JET

In the JET tokamak the perpendicular velocity distribution function of ICRF heated ions is inferred in the energy range 0.3 ⩽ E (MeV) ⩽ 1.5 from neutral particle analyser measurements of the emitted high energy atomic flux. The measurements are integrated along a vertical line of sight through the plasma centre, with a finite viewing solid angle. A method is presented to deduce the ICRF heated minority ion density in the plasma centre taking into full consideration the geometry of the measurements. The results are verified against independent measurements of fast ion density and perpendicular energy content, and quantitative agreement is obtained. These results further validate the model of impurity induced neutralization, which was developed to interpret the high energy atomic flux measurements in JET. They give access to fundamental properties of the ICRF heated ion distribution function, and provide improved tools for understanding the behaviour of fast ion populations in forthcoming fusion plasma experiments.
The Slater–Koster tight-binding method: a computationally efficient and accurate approach

In this article we discuss the Slater–Koster (SK) tight-binding (TB) method from the perspective of our own developments and applications to this method. We first present an account of our work in constructing TB Hamiltonians and applying them to a variety of calculations which require an accurate representation of the electronic energy bands and density of states. In the second part of the article we present the Naval Research Laboratory TB method, wherein we demonstrate that this elaborate scheme can accurately account for both the band structure and total energy of a given system. The SK parameters generated by this method are transferable to other structures and provide the means for performing computationally demanding calculations of fairly large systems. These calculations, including molecular dynamics, are of comparable accuracy to first-principles calculations and three orders of magnitude faster.
Perturbative transport experiments in JET low or reverse magnetic shear plasmas*

Perturbative transport experiments have been performed in JET low or reverse magnetic shear plasmas either in conditions of fully developed internal transport barrier (ITB) or during a phase where an ITB was not observed. Transient peripheral cooling was induced either by laser ablation or by shallow pellet injection, and the ensuing travelling cold pulse was used to probe the plasma transport in the electron and, for the first time, also in the ion channel. Cold pulses travelling through ITBs are observed to erode the ITB outer part, but, if the inner ITB portion survives, it strongly damps the propagating wave. The result is discussed in the context of proposed possible pictures for ITB formation. In the absence of an ITB, the cold pulse shows a fast propagation in the outer plasma half, which is consistent with a region of stiff transport, while in the inner half it slows down but shows the peculiar feature of amplitude growing while propagating. The data are powerful tests for the validation of theoretical transport models. This article was scheduled to appear in issue 7 of Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion. To access this Special issue please follow this link: http://stacks.iop. org/0741-3335/44/i=7
Dam-break model with Characteristic-BasedOperator-Splitting Finite Element Method

A finite element method, which is the characteristic-based operatorsplitting (CBOS) algorithm, is adopted to solve unsteady incompressible NavierStokes (N-S) equations. In each time step, the equations are split into the diffusive part and the convective part. The convective part is discretized using the characteristic Galerkin method and solved explicitly. The moving interface is captured by the pseudo-concentration method, thus, a new dam-break model is established. Through the validation of a dam-break onto a downstream dry bed or wet bed, it is shown that the present model can accurately simulate the moving interface flows. We also study dam-break in a confined reservoir and the dam-break wave impact on a spur dike. The complexity of the interface shape occurring in the different stages, including the gradual formation of the air bubble in the case of dam-break in a confined reservoir, and the generation of dam-break wave, the overtopping the spur dike and the impacting on the downstream seabed in the case of the dam-break wave impact on a spur dike, can be obtained.
A model for dose estimation in therapy of liver with intraarterial microspheres

Therapy with intraarterial microspheres is a technique which involves incorporation of radioisotope-labelled microspheres into a capillary bed of tumour and normal tissue. Beta-emitters such as and are used for this purpose. This technique provides tumour to normal tissue (TNT) dose ratios in the range of 2 - 10 and demonstrates significant clinical benefit, which could potentially be increased with more accurate dose predictions and delivery. However, dose calculations in this modality face the difficulties associated with nonuniform and inhomogeneous activity distribution. Most of the dose calculations used clinically do not account for the nonuniformity and assume uniform activity distribution. This paper is devoted to the development of a model which would allow more accurate prediction of dose distributions from microspheres. The model calculates dose assuming that microspheres are aggregated into randomly distributed clusters, and using precomputed dose kernels for the clusters. The dose kernel due to a microsphere cluster was found by numerical integration of a point source dose kernel over the volume of the cluster. It is shown that a random distribution of clusters produces an intercluster distance distribution which agrees well with the one measured by Pillai et al in liver. Dose volume histograms (DVHs) predicted by the model agree closely with the results of Roberson et al for normal tissue and tumour. Dose distributions for different concentrations and types of radioisotope, as well as for tumours of different radii, have been calculated to demonstrate the model's possible applications.
Multidimensional Resonance Analysis of $\Lambda^+_c \to pK^- \pi^+$

The $\Lambda^+_c \to pK^- \pi^+$ decay is the first baryon decay which opens itself up to a Dalitz plot type analysis. However, unlike the previous Dalitz analyses on charm mesons, the baryon analysis involves particles with non-zero spin, and thus we are no longer dealing with a simple two dimensional problem, but a five dimensional problem. Using conventional and Neural Network techniques we have optimized the significance of our $\Lambda_c$ signal. Then we modeled our background and acceptance in five dimensions and used the Helicity Formalism outlined by Jacob and Wick [Jac 95] to model the signal density. Ultimately, we used MINUIT to optimize the 34 coeffcients needed to describe the decay.
Determination of the von Klitzing constant RK in terms of the BNM calculable capacitor—fifteen years of investigations

The von Klitzing constant RK has been previously determined at the Bureau National de Métrologie (BNM) in 1986 and 1993. Considering the recommendation of the Comité Consultatif d'Electricité working group on the quantum Hall effect in 1988, as well as the differences between the values of the fine structure constant obtained from different methods, it appears to be particularly important that we continue to develop and improve the direct determinations of RK. Since 1993, the BNM calculable capacitor, comparison bridges and transfer standards have been considerably modified and the value was determined anew in 1999–2000. The result is RK = RK−90×(1 + 4.1 × 10−8) (1σ = 5.3×10−8) This paper describes the different investigations, modifications and characterizations of the measurement chain elements that were carried out during the last fifteen years in order to obtain this result.