Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender stereotypes about interests start early and cause gender disparities in computer science and engineering

Significance Societal stereotypes that girls are less interested than boys in computer science and engineering are endorsed by children and adolescents in a large and socioeconomically diverse sample, across multiple racial/ethnic and gender intersections, and as early as age six (first grade). Gender-interest stereotypes may contribute to subsequent gender disparities in the pursuit of these societally important fields. Addressing interest stereotypes may help improve educational equity. Societal stereotypes depict girls as less interested than boys in computer science and engineering. We demonstrate the existence of these stereotypes among children and adolescents from first to 12th grade and their potential negative consequences for girls’ subsequent participation in these fields. Studies 1 and 2 (n = 2,277; one preregistered) reveal that children as young as age six (first grade) and adolescents across multiple racial/ethnic and gender intersections (Black, Latinx, Asian, and White girls and boys) endorse stereotypes that girls are less interested than boys in computer science and engineering. The more that individual girls endorse gender-interest stereotypes favoring boys in computer science and engineering, the lower their own interest and sense of belonging in these fields. These gender-interest stereotypes are endorsed even more strongly than gender stereotypes about computer science and engineering abilities. Studies 3 and 4 (n = 172; both preregistered) experimentally demonstrate that 8- to 9-y-old girls are significantly less interested in an activity marked with a gender stereotype (“girls are less interested in this activity than boys”) compared to an activity with no such stereotype (“girls and boys are equally interested in this activity”). Taken together, both ecologically valid real-world studies (Studies 1 and 2) and controlled preregistered laboratory experiments (Studies 3 and 4) reveal that stereotypes that girls are less interested than boys in computer science and engineering emerge early and may contribute to gender disparities.
Early Nutrition among Infants Admitted to the NICU with Cleft Lip and Palate

Objective The objective of this study was to examine differences in human milk feeding outcomes among infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with and without cleft lip and palate (CLP). Method Data were used from a sample of infants admitted to the NICU with and without CLP from the 2018 National Vital Statistics System. For baseline comparisons, Chi-square tests of independence were used to compare categorical variables, and independent samples t tests were used for continuous variables. Logistic regression models were performed to determine the odds of human milk feeding at discharge in infants admitted to the NICU with CLP. Results The total sample included 345,429 infants admitted to the NICU, of which 660 had CLP. Significant differences were found among the following variables when baseline comparisons were made between infants admitted to the NICU with and without CLP: mother's race, mother's education, maternal smoking record, childbirth delivery method, presence of maternal pre-pregnancy diabetes, five-minute APGAR score, multiparity record (having more than one baby at birth), gestational age, and gestational weight. After controlling for baseline differences, results indicated reduced odds of human milk feeding at discharge in infants admitted to the NICU with CLP compared to those without CLP (OR = .543; 95% CI.455,.648). Conclusion Results suggest reduced odds of human milk feeding at discharge among infants admitted to the NICU with CLP compared to those without CLP. These findings emphasize the necessity of awareness and facilitation of human milk feeding in this population.
Change in impulsivity is prospectively associated with treatment outcomes for binge-eating disorder

Abstract Background Impulsivity may be a process underlying binge-eating disorder (BED) psychopathology and its treatment. This study examined change in impulsivity during cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and/or pharmacological treatment for BED and associations with treatment outcomes. Methods In total, 108 patients with BED (NFEMALE = 84) in a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of CBT and/or fluoxetine were assessed before treatment, monthly throughout treatment, at post-treatment (16 weeks), and at 12-month follow-up after completing treatment. Patients completed established measures of impulsivity, eating-disorder psychopathology, and depression, and were measured for height and weight [to calculate body mass index (BMI)] during repeated assessments by trained/monitored doctoral research-clinicians. Mixed-effects models using all available data examined changes in impulsivity and the association of rapid and overall changes in impulsivity on treatment outcomes. Exploratory analyses examined whether baseline impulsivity predicted/moderated outcomes. Results Impulsivity declined significantly throughout treatment and follow-up across treatment groups. Rapid change in impulsivity and overall change in impulsivity during treatment were significantly associated with reductions in eating-disorder psychopathology, depression scores, and BMI during treatment and at post-treatment. Overall change in impulsivity during treatment was associated with subsequent reductions in depression scores at 12-month follow-up. Baseline impulsivity did not moderate/predict eating-disorder outcomes or BMI but did predict change in depression scores. Conclusions Rapid and overall reductions in impulsivity during treatment were associated with improvements in specific eating-disorder psychopathology and associated general outcomes. These effects were found for both CBT and pharmacological treatment for BED. Change in impulsivity may be an important process prospectively related to treatment outcome.
Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the mindful self-care scale among Brazilian palliative care providers

Abstract Objective This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Mindful Self-Care Scale (MSCS, 33-item) in a Brazilian hospice and palliative care context. Method This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 336 Brazilian hospice and palliative care providers. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer — Quality of Life Group Translation Procedure protocol was used for the translation and the cultural adaptation process. Psychometric properties supporting the use of the MSCS were examined through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and correlation analysis with other instruments to assess congruence to related constructs (resilience and self-compassion). The reliability of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the MSCS was assessed using Cronbach's α and composite reliability coefficients. Results The six-factor (33-item) model showed a good fit to the data, with satisfactory reliability indices and adequate representation of the scale's internal structure. Further validity is evidenced in the significant, positive correlations found between the MSCS, and similar well-being constructs, namely the Self-Compassion and Resilience scales. Significance of results The findings reveal that the MSCS (33-item) is a valid, reliable, and culturally appropriate instrument to examine the practice of mindful self-care by hospice and palliative care providers in Brazil. More broadly, it represents a promising instrument for future research into self-care practices and well-being among Brazilian healthcare providers.
The Association between Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device-Detected Atrial High Rate Episodes.

Background Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia and it is associated with a higher risk of mortality and morbidity. The goal of this study was to assess the correlation between physical activity (PA) and atrial high rate episodes (AHREs) detected by cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Methods We prospectively collected data from 81 patients from March 2017 to June 2019. Device-detected PA (hours per day) through an accelerometer and occurrence/burden of AHREs were determined at each outpatient clinic visit. Modest AHREs and long AHREs were defined as at least 1 episode of AHREs lasting ≥ 12 hours and 24 hours, respectively. The percentage of total AHREs in the follow-up period was defined as the burden of AHREs. Generalized estimating equations were used to explore the association between PA and occurrence/burden of AHREs to account for repeated measures within a participant. Results The patients had 336 follow-up visits (mean 4.1 visits each). The prevalence rates of device-detected modest AHREs and long AHREs were 4.8% and 3.9%, respectively. More PA (hours per day) was associated with a lower risk of modest AHREs [odds ratio (OR) 0.671, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.452-0.997, p = 0.048] and long AHREs (OR 0.536, 95% CI 0.348-0.824, p = 0.004) after adjusting for age, sex, and basic characteristics. More PA had a trend of association with fewer AHREs (β -0.255, 95% CI -0.512 to 0.001, p = 0.051). Conclusions More PA was associated with a lower risk of AHREs detected by CIEDs in older patients. PA may reduce the risk of AHREs.
Myeloid‐Specific PTP1B Deficiency Attenuates Inflammation‐Induced and Ovariectomy‐Induced Bone Loss in Mice by Inhibiting Osteoclastogenesis

The differentiation and activity of bone‐resorbing osteoclasts are tightly regulated to maintain the homeostasis of healthy bones. In this study, the role of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) during osteoclastogenesis was studied in myeloid‐specific Ptpn1‐deficient (conditional knockout [cKO]) mice. The mRNA and protein expression of PTP1B increased during the formation of mature osteoclasts from mouse bone macrophages on stimulation with macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (M‐CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). The Ptpn1 cKO mice exhibited increased femoral trabecular bone volume with a decreased number and activity of osteoclasts compared with control mice. The in vitro culture of osteoclast precursors corroborated the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis in cKO cells compared with control, with concomitantly decreased RANKL‐dependent proliferation, lower osteoclast marker gene expression, reduced nuclear expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), diminished intracellular Ca2+ oscillations, and increased phosphorylation of proto‐oncogene tyrosine‐protein kinase Src on inhibitory tyrosine residue. In a ligature‐induced periodontitis model, Ptpn1 cKO mice exhibited attenuated osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone loss following the induction of inflammation. The Ptpn1‐deficient mice were similarly protected from ovariectomy‐induced bone loss compared with control mice. These results provide a novel regulatory role of PTP1B in osteoclastogenesis and suggest a potential as a therapeutic target for bone‐lytic diseases. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Assessing Reference Evapotranspiration by the Hargreaves Method in Southern Spain

The Hargreaves method enables reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) estimation in areas where meteorological information is scarce, as, for example, southern Spain. However, this method is known to produce considerable bias in this region, especially during the dry, hot summer months. An evaluation of the method is made by comparing daily estimates with those made by the more commonly recommended Penman–Monteith method at 16 meteorological stations. Computed ET0 values at the coastal stations are, on average, 0.69 mm d−1 smaller than the Penman–Monteith estimates whereas at inland stations a small average overestimation of 0.13 mm d−1 is shown. The adjusted Hargreaves coefficient (AHC), obtained through regression analysis, increases at the coastal stations, on average, to 0.0029, and decreases at the inland stations to 0.0022. Adjustment with the Samani method does generally not produce more accurate estimates in this region. Finally a linear relationship between the AHC and the rate of the average tem.
Parallel resonant DC link circuit-a novel zero switching loss topology with minimum voltage stresses

A parallel-resonant DC link (PRDCL) circuit topology is presented as a way to realizing zero-switching-loss, DC-AC high switching frequency power conversion. The circuit is used as an interface between DC voltage supply and the voltage-source PWM (pulse-width-modulated) inverter. It provides a short zero-voltage period in the DC link of the inverter to allow zero-voltage switching to take place in the PWM inverter. The peak voltage stress on the PWM inverter switches is limited to the DC supply voltage. Another significant advantage of the proposed circuit is that the inverter can be controlled by the conventional PWM strategy. The circuit is systematically analyzed, and its operation principle is explained in detail. Design considerations and formulae are also presented. A complete zero-voltage-switching DC-AC converter system consisting of the proposed circuit and the PWM inverter is simulated on computer. <<ETX>>
Relationships of affective temperament ratings to diagnosis and morbidity measures in major affective disorders

Abstract Background Ratings of affective temperament types show promise in helping to differentiate diagnostic groups among major affective disorders as well as to predict associations with important aspects of morbidity including suicidal risk. Methods The Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego auto-rating (TEMPS-A) questionnaire was completed by 858 unselected, consecutive, consenting adults diagnosed with a DSM-5 major affective disorder (173 bipolar-1 [BD-1]), 250 BD-2, 435 major depressive disorder [MDD]) to score for anxious (anx), cyclothymic (cyc), dysthymic (dys), hyperthymic (hyp), and irritable (irr) affective temperaments. We tested their associations with diagnosis and selected clinical factors, including diagnosis, depression scores, suicidal ideation or acts, substance abuse, episodes/year, and %-time ill. Results Scores for cyc ranked: BD-2 > BD-1 > MDD; anx ranked: MDD > BD-2 > BD-1; irr was greater in BD than MDD; dys was greater in MDD than BD; hyp did not differ by diagnosis. We confirmed associations of suicidal risk with higher scores of all temperament types except lower hyp scores. Higher cyc and irr scores and lower anx scores were associated with substance abuse. Several scores were higher with measures of greater affective morbidity: cyc with current depression, episodes/year, and %-time ill; irr with more episodes and depressions/year and greater %-time manic. Some of these associations were selective for BD or MDD. Conclusions The findings indicate that TEMPS-A ratings of affective temperament types can contribute to differential diagnoses and predict types and amounts of affective morbidity, as well as detecting suicidal risks.
The Role of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting Pathological Response for Resectable Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Combined with PD-1 Checkpoint Inhibitors

Purpose The aim of our study was to investigate the value of baseline and preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in predicting the pathological response and disease-free survival (DFS) of neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone or combined with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibitors in patients with resectable non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods Resectable NSCLC patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone or combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors between January 2018 and January 2020 were included. Peripheral venous blood samples of the patients were collected within 3 days prior to the first neoadjuvant treatment and within 3 days prior to surgery. Results A total of 79 patients in neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors group and 89 patients in neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone group were included. Thirty-five point four percent of the patients achieved pathological complete response (pCR) in neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors group, whereas only 9.0% reached pCR in the group of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. High NLR level were correlated with poor pathological response and DFS in neoadjuvant chemotherapy or combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors group. Multivariate analysis revealed that baseline NLR could independently predict pathological response and DFS in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors group. Conclusion High NLR level were correlated with poor pathological response and shorter DFS in patients with NSCLC undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy or combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors. Meanwhile, baseline NLR could independently predict response to pathological response and DFS, revealing its potential as a screening tool in NSCLC patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors.
Degradation performance and mechanism toward methyl orange via nanoporous copper powders fabricated by dealloying of ZrCuNiAl metallic glassy precursors

The catalyst of nanoporous Cu (NP-Cu) powders, with the chemical composition of Cu79.63Ni6. 85O13.53 (at%), was successfully fabricated by dealloying of Zr–Cu–Ni–Al metallic glassy precursors. The as-prepared NP-Cu powders, co-existing with Cu2O phase on Cu ligament surface, had a three-dimensional network porous structure. The NP-Cu powders/H2O2 system showed superior catalytic degradation efficiency toward azo dyes in both acidic (pH 2) and neutral (pH 7) environments. Moreover, the cyclic tests indicated that this powder catalyst also exhibited good durability. A novel degradation mechanism of NP-Cu powders/H2O2 was proposed: the high degradation performance in acidic environment was mainly derived from heterogeneous reaction involved with a specific pathway related to Cu3+ to produce HO·, while in neutral environment it was primarily resulted from homogeneous reaction with the generation of HO· from the classical Cu-based Fenton-like process. This work indicates that the NP-Cu powders have great potential applications as catalysts for wastewater treatments.
If MOOCS are the answer - did we ask the right questions? Implications for the design of large-scale open online courses

In this conference contribution we deal with the phenomenon of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). Based on summary of the state of the art we discuss aspects of the learning design of MOOCs that have not been sufficiently studied. More specifically we discuss the issue of diversity and support facilities in MOOCs. We introduce the concept of learning networks and learner support services that have been developed to enable personalized learning scenarios in large-scale online environments. We report about a learning design for large-scale open online courses that has been evaluated and further developed in the last year. Last but not least we discuss future research.
MyD88 deficiency ameliorates weight loss caused by intestinal oxidative injury in an autophagy‐dependent mechanism

Gut health plays a vital role in the overall health and disease control of human and animals. Intestinal oxidative stress is a critical player in the induction and progression of cachexia which is conventionally diagnosed and classified by weight loss. Therefore, reduction of intestinal oxidative injury is a common and highly effective strategy for the maintenance of human and animal health. Here we identify intestinal myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) as a novel target for intestinal oxidative stress using canonical oxidative stress model induced by paraquat (PQ) in vitro and in vivo.
Phytochrome interacting factor 3 regulates pollen mitotic division through auxin signalling and sugar metabolism pathways in tomato

Summary The development of viable pollen determines male fertility, and is crucial for reproduction in flowering plants. Phytochrome interacting factor 3 (PIF3) acts as a central regulator of plant growth and development, but its relationship with pollen development has not been determined. Through genetic, histological and transcriptomic analyses, we identified an essential role for SlPIF3 in regulating tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) pollen development. Knocking out SlPIF3 using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 resulted in pollen mitosis I arrest, and a failure to form viable pollen. We further demonstrated that both glutamate synthase 1 (SlGLT1) and cell wall invertase 9 (SlCWIN9), involved in auxin and sugar homeostasis, respectively, colocalised with SlPIF3 in the anthers and were directly regulated by SlPIF3. Knockout of either SlGLT1 or SlCWIN9 phenocopied the pollen phenotype of SlPIF3 knockout (Slpif3) lines. Slpif3 fertility was partially restored by exogenous auxin indole‐3‐acetic acid in a dose‐dependent manner. This study reveals a mechanism by which SlPIF3 regulates pollen development and highlights a new strategy for creating hormone‐regulated genic male sterile lines for tomato hybrid seed production.
Adaptive mobile multicarrier code division multiple access optical wireless systems employing a beam clustering method and diversity detection

The authors consider a mobile optical wireless system that employs an adaptive beam clustering method (ABCM) to improve system performance. Our new ABCM system offers a significant signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement of 22 dB over a line strip multibeam system (LSMS) at a 6 m transmitter receiver horizontal separation when both systems employ an 8 diversity receiver and operate at 50 Mbit/s. At the worst communication path in the 50 Mbit/s on off keying (OOK) system, the combination of beam power adaptation, beam clustering and diversity reception can reduce the transmit power by almost 7 dB while achieving 10 -9 bit error rate (BER). An increase in the channel bandwidth from 26.8 MHz (a conventional diffuse system (CDS)) to almost 8 GHz can be achieved when an 8 angle diversity ABCM system is implemented at the worst communication path. The increase in the channel bandwidth and SNR can be used to enable multiuser capabilities, in our case, by employing a multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) scheme. At transmitter and receiver locations of (2 m, 4 m, 1 m) and (1 m, 1 m, 1 m), the MC-CDMA ABCM system achieves a BER of 5 10 -10 in a four-user scenario compared to a BER of 5×10 -1 when MC-CDMA CDS is considered. Furthermore, a zero forcing equalisation technique was employed to reduce multiple access interference and improve the BER performance. The results confirm that while the CDS and the LSMS systems benefit, the equalisation scheme, which increases receiver complexity, is not necessary when the ABCM replaces CDS or LSMS at the data rate considered.