Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contribution of East Indian Ocean SSTA to Western North Pacific tropical cyclone activity under El Niño/La Niña conditions

This study investigates, under El Niño/La Niña conditions, the effects of sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the East Indian Ocean (EIO) on tropical cyclone (TC) genesis over the western North Pacific (WNP), and a possible mechanism is proposed. It is found that the EIO SSTA exerts a secondary modulation to cyclogenesis relative to the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the negative correlation between the EIO SSTA and WNP TC frequency is significantly weakened by the ENSO events. Under El Niño (La Niña) conditions, no matter what phases of EIO SSTA, TC genesis generally shows similar features with low (high) frequency in the western‐central WNP (15°–25°N, 120°–150°E) and high (low) frequency in the southeastern WNP (5°–15°N, 150°–170°E). In particular, the effects of warm EIO SSTA on the WNP TC activity represent an asymmetry between El Niño and La Niña. That is, the warm EIO SSTA and El Niño share combined effects to decrease TC genesis over the western‐central WNP. By contrast, under La Niña conditions, the influence of warm EIO SSTA on TC activity over the western‐central WNP is partially drown out by La Niña. Meanwhile, weaker monsoon trough with intense anomaly of easterly jointly induced by the two factors suppresses TC genesis over the southeastern WNP.
Exploring the Role of Perceived Behavioural Control in Shaping the Intentions of Zambian Entrepreneurs

Purpose:This paper examines the influence of perceived behavioural control on the entrepreneurial intentions of Zambian entrepreneurs using the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Established entrepreneurs, were used as study subjects, due to the need to assess the effect of practical entrepreneurial competences gained from years of experience on subsequent intentions. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative survey approach was used to collect primary data from 223 established entrepreneurs, selected by random sampling method. The questions measured self-efficacy and a self- administered questionnaire was used. Data was collected and SPSS was used for data analysis from which descriptive statistics and regression analysis was obtained. Findings:The findings revealed that perceived behavioural control (self-efficacy to be exact) is a strong predictor (β = .146, t = 2.237, p = .032) of the entrepreneurial intentions of established entrepreneurs in Zambia. This significantly positive result was attributed to entrepreneurs’ own practical entrepreneurial competences. Research limitations/implications:. In the study only a few measuring items were captured included in the research instrument to capture the respondents’ perceptions. Future research could adopt a broader and standard conceptualisation of PBC to further explore additional dynamic between PBC and entrepreneurial intentions. Practical implications: Entrepreneurial competences (gained through practice or formal training) are pivotal in fostering entrepreneurship development. This knowledge will provide deeper insights to policymakers, educators and stakeholders work to develop entrepreneurial educational policies and strategies aimed at promoting entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial mindsets in the country. Originality/value:The study conributes research knowledge to existing literature about on the efficacy of Perceived behavioural Control in predicting entrepreneurial intentions among
Comorbidity of eating disorders and depression in T1DM patients: challenges and tasks for dietitian – a pilot study

: The aim of the study: The aim was to assess the occurrence of eating disorders in T1DM patients being under regular diabetologist care, that qualify for a visit to a psychologist and to evaluate possible correlation of eating disorders with symptoms of depression and anxiety in this population. Subject or material and methods: The study included a selected group of 27 adult patients (55.5% of the group were women) with T1DM under the constant care at the diabetes clinic. The following tools were used: to assess depression and anxiety, we used the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Questionnaire (CES-D); EAT-26 assessed eating disorders screening and Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) – other problems. Results: Based on the overall assessment of the EAT 26 test as many as 7% of group had a problem, which manifested a high level of concern about dieting, body weight or problematic eating behaviours. Additionally, the 25.9% people reported high depressive. We showed a relationship between eating disorders and depression. Discussion: There was a similar frequency of eating disorders in the study group compared to other studies and general epidemiological references. People with type 1 diabetes and eating disorders have elevated HbA1c, however, in our study, the mean HbA1c was 6.85% (51 mmol/mol), which indicates an average glycemia of 150.1 mg/dL (8.33 mmol /l). – fairly good glycemic control. In addition, a correlation between eating disorders and depression has been noted, and patients with type 1 diabetes are very sensitive to both disorders. Conclusions: People with type 1 diabetes, due to the increased risk of eating disorders or depression, require comprehensive care of a therapeutic team, which should include a diabetologist, psychologist, psychia-trist, diabetes educator, nurse, nutritionist.
Mound development as an interaction of individual plants with soil, water erosion and sedimentation processes on slopes

In the Mediterranean region, semi-natural shrubland communities (named ‘matorral’) often present a discontinuous cover, where isolated perennial plants alternate with bare inter-plant areas. In such ecosystems, the patchy distribution of the vegetation is usually associated with microtopographic sequences of mounds that develop under isolated plants and break the overall slope continuity. In this study, the influence of three representative species of the Mediterranean matorral (Rosmarinus officinalis, Stipa tenacissima and Anthyllis cytisoides) on slope microtopography is determined and the processes that take part in the development of microtopographic structures beneath the plant canopy are identified. The influence of slope gradient, plant species and plant parameters on the shape and height of microtopographic structures is also studied. The shape of the microtopographic structures is described by using a two-dimensional microprofilemeter and mound height is determined by measuring in the field a ‘mound height index’ defined as the distance from the top to the bottom of the mound. The results obtained show that plant species play a major role in the shape and height of the microtopographic structures. Whereas terrace-type structures generally develop under Anthyllis shrubs, microtopographic forms associated with Rosmarinus and Stipa plants vary with slope gradient. The almost symmetric mound-type structures that develop under these two species on gentle slopes change into terrace-type structures as slope gradient increases. Moreover, statistically significant differences exist between the three species with regard to mound height. Mean values of mound height are 19·4, 14·6 and 4·3 cm under the canopy of Stipa, Rosmarinus and Anthyllis respectively. Plant parameters, essentially roughness, and slope gradient have a significant influence on mound height index. Four main processes were identified as affecting mound development in the studied field site: sedimentation, differential interrill erosion, differential splash erosion and bioturbation. Plant species interact in different ways with these processes according to their morphologies. Since Stipa and Rosmarinus plants are more efficient than Anthyllis shrubs in controlling water erosion, in retaining sediments and in modifying soil properties under their respective canopies, they give rise to higher microtopographic structures that facilitate water and nutrient storage by plants on slopes. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Measuring water accumulation rates using GRACE data in areas experiencing glacial isostatic adjustment: The Nelson River basin

Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite‐derived total water storage can be obscured by glacial isostatic adjustment. In order to solve this problem for the Nelson River drainage basin in Canada, a gravity rate map from 110 months (June 2002 to October 2011) of GRACE gravity data was corrected for glacial isostatic adjustment using an independent gravity rate map derived from updated GPS vertical velocities. The GPS‐based map was converted to equivalent gravity rate using a transfer function developed from GPS and absolute‐g data at colocated sites. The corrected GRACE gravity rate map revealed a major positive anomaly within the drainage basin, which was independently shown by hydrological data to be due to changes in water storage. The anomaly represents a cumulative increase at its center of about 340 mm of water, reflecting a progression from extreme drought to extremely wet conditions.
Bioavailability of arsenic and lead in soils from the Butte, Montana, mining district

Risk assessments for mining sites are typically based on As and Pb bioavailability determined from studies using soluble metal salts. This is an inappropriate analogue of soil ingestion at mining sites due to the lower solubility of As and Pb in naturally occurring mineral assemblages. As and Pb bioavailability in soils from Butte, MT, is further reduced by authigenesis, where galena oxidizes to form a coating of anglesite further armored by sparingly soluble K-jarosite precipitates. Enargite and tennantite were also encapsulated by K-jarosite
Time‐transgressive deposits of repeated depositional sequences within interlobate glaciofluvial (esker) sediments in Köyliö, SW Finland

ABSTRACT Evidence of conspicuous repeated seasonal to annual deposition of glaciofluvial and glaciolacustrine sequences within a structurally complex interlobate esker segment in SW Finland is presented. The time‐transgressive, overlapping depositional sequences consist of deposits from two successive melt seasons, including three vertically stacked lithofacies associations: (1) massive to stratified coarse gravels = summer deposits; (2) trough and ripple cross‐stratified fine‐grained deposits = autumn to winter deposits; and (3) sandy stratified beds = spring deposits. The depositional environment of each lithofacies association involves a transition from subglacial or submarginal tunnel to a subaqueous re‐entrant environment, which then passes to a proglacial glaciolacustrine environment. The study also presents evidence of headward extension of subglacial tunnel deposits, related to the rapid shifting of a tunnel expansion point during the increasing spring discharge, which occupied the old tunnel exit: this mode of annual deposition has not been reported previously in esker studies. The good preservation of the rhythmic lithofacies associations is suggested as resulting from interlobate depositional conditions associated with rapidly decaying icestreams. Therefore, the depositional model may provide a key to recognizing time‐transgressive interlobate eskers that form an important geomorphological and sedimentological record of meltwater activity during the last deglaciation of the Fennoscandian and Laurentide ice sheets. The identification of time‐transgressive interlobate eskers and associated palaeo‐icestream behaviour is an essential step forward for more accurate models of ice sheet behaviour and palaeoclimatic reconstructions.
CLEF 2019 Technology Assisted Reviews in Empirical Medicine Overview

Systematic reviews are a widely used method to provide an overview over the current scientiﬁc consensus, by bringing together multiple studies in a systematic, reliable, and transparent way. The large and growing number of published studies, and their increasing rate of publication, makes the task of identifying all relevant studies in an unbiased way both complex and time consuming to the extent that jeopardizes the validity of their ﬁndings and the ability to inform policy and practice in a timely manner. The CLEF 2019 e-Health TAR Lab accommodated two tasks. Task 1 focused on retrieving relevant studies from PubMed without the use of a Boolean query, while Task 2 focused on the eﬃcient and eﬀective ranking of studies during the abstract and title screening phase of conducting a systematic review. In the 2019 lab we also expanded upon the type of systematics reviews considered. Hence, beyond Diagnostic Test Accuracy reviews, we also included Intervention, Prognosis, and Qualitative systematic reviews. We constructed a benchmark collection of 31 reviews published by Cochrane, and the corresponding relevant and irrelevant articles found by the original Boolean query. Three teams participated in Task 2, submitting automatic and semi-automatic runs, using information retrieval and machine learning algorithms over a variety of text representations, in a batch and iterative manner. This paper reports both the methodology used to construct the benchmark collection, and the results of the evaluation.
Structural controls on changing differentiation depths at Mt. Ruapehu volcano

Structural controls on changing differentiation depths at Mt. Ruapehu volcano TIM. R. LEE, COLIN. G. MACPHERSON, JON P. DAVIDSON, RICHARD C. PRICE, JOHN A. GAMBLE AND IAN E. SMITH Department of Earth Sciences, University of Durham, UK (colin.macpherson@durham.ac.uk) School of Earth Sciences, University of Waikato, New Zealand Department of Geology, University of Cork, Ireland School of Geography, Geology and Environmental Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand
Ecology of the Past - Late Bronze and Iron Age Landscapes, People and Climate Change in Philistia (the Southern Coastal Plain and Shephelah), Israel

Here we present a case study using modern ecological data (collected over the period 1948-2014) to assess changes that took place in plant and animal occurrences in the 12th century BCE in Philistia – the southern coastal plain of Israel and the Judean foothills in its immediate hinterland, as a result of either shifts in anthropogenic behavior or climate. Using published archaeobotanical and archaeozoological data from several archaeological sites in this region (e.g. Tel Aphek, Tell es-Safi/Gath, Tel Miqne/Ekron, Ashkelon), we compared habitat associations of these palaeo-assemblages to observations on modern plants and animals from the same geographic region. Multivariate analytical methods, DCA and CCA ordination, showed mesic to xeric gradients in both the modern and the archaeological data. The clearest pattern in the archaeological data was a separation of Late Bronze Age (mesic) from Iron Age I and Iron Age II sites (xeric). We interpret this shift as reflecting the decrease in rainfall between the Late Bronze Age (ca.1550-1180 BCE) and Iron Age (ca. 1180-586 BCE) periods, a phenomenon that has been documented in the Eastern Mediterranean in general by other palaeoclimatic proxies (e.g. pollen, cave speleothems and the Dead Sea level).
SHAP-based Prediction of Mother's History of Depression to Understand the Influence on Child Behavior

Depression strongly impacts parents’ behavior. Does parents’ depression strongly affect the behavior of their children as well? To investigate this question, we compared dyadic interactions between 73 depressed and 75 non-depressed mothers and their adolescent child. Families were of low income and 84% were white. Child behavior was measured from audio-video recordings using manual annotation of verbal and nonverbal behavior by expert coders and by multimodal computational measures of facial expression, face and head dynamics, prosody, speech behavior, and linguistics. For both sets of measures, we used Support Vector Machines. For computational measures, we investigated the relative contribution of single versus multiple modalities using a novel approach to SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Computational measures outperformed manual ratings by human experts. Among individual computational measures, prosody was the most informative. SHAP reduction resulted in a four-fold decrease in the number of features and highest performance (77% accuracy; positive and negative agreements at 75% and 76%, respectively). These findings suggest that maternal depression strongly impacts the behavior of adolescent children; differences are most revealed in prosody; multimodal features together with SHAP reduction are most powerful.
Origin and predictability of the extreme negative NAO winter of 2009/10

The winter of 2009/2010 was one of the most negative winters of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) during the last 150 years. While most operational extended‐range forecasting systems had difficulties in predicting the onset of the negative NAO phase, once established, extended‐range forecasts were relatively skilful in predicting its persistence. Here, the origin and predictability of the unusual winter of 2009/10 are explored through numerical experimentation with the ECMWF Monthly forecasting system. More specifically, the role of anomalies in sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice, the tropical atmospheric circulation, the stratospheric polar vortex, solar insolation and near surface temperature (proxy for snow cover) are examined. None of these anomalies is capable of producing the observed NAO anomaly, especially in terms of its magnitude. The results of this study support the hypothesis that internal atmospheric dynamical processes were responsible for the onset and persistence of the negative NAO phase during the 2009/10 winter.
Shrink & Morph: 3D-Printed Self-Shaping Shells Actuated by a Shape Memory Effect

While 3D printing enables the customization and home fabrication of a wide range of shapes, fabricating freeform thin-shells remains challenging. As layers misalign with the curvature, they incur structural deficiencies, while the curved shells require large support structures, typically using more material than the part itself. We present a computational framework for optimizing the internal structure of 3D printed plates such that they morph into a desired freeform shell when heated. This exploits the shrinkage effect of thermoplastics such as PLA, which store internal stresses along the deposition directions. These stresses get released when the material is heated again above its glass transition temperature, causing an anisotropic deformation that induces curvature. Our inverse design method takes as input a freeform surface and finds an optimized set of deposition trajectories in each layer such that their anisotropic shrinkage deforms the plate into the prescribed surface geometry. We optimize for a continuous vector field that varies across the plate and within its thickness. The algorithm then extracts a set of deposition trajectories from the vector field in order to fabricate the flat plates on standard FFF printers. We validate our algorithm on freeform, doubly-curved surfaces.
Boundary Crossing in R&D Projects in Schools: Learning through Cross-Professional Collaboration

Background/Context School leaders, teachers, and researchers are increasingly involved in collaborative research and development (R&D) projects in schools, which encourage crossing boundaries between the fields of school and research. It is not clear, however, what and how professionals in these projects learn through cross-professional collaboration. Purpose The purpose of our study is to create a better understanding of the learning of boundary crossers who are involved in cross-professional collaboration in R&D projects. Research Design In this multicase study, we analyzed data from interviews with school leaders, teachers, and researchers involved in 19 R&D projects in Dutch secondary schools. We interpreted boundary crossers’ learning in terms of learning mechanisms (identification, reflection, coordination, and transformation) and related these learning mechanisms to different types of cross-professional collaboration. Findings Three combinations of learning mechanisms were prevalent: identification and coordination, reflection and transformation, and transformation for school leaders, teachers, and researchers. Different types of collaboration appeared to evoke different learning mechanisms. Conclusions Boundary crossers on R&D projects learn from the other professionals’ tools and objectives and, in the case of transformation, integrate these in their own professional methods of working and aims. When transformation occurs school leaders and teachers develop a research attitude towards teaching and researchers incorporate contributing to educational improvement as an objective in their research. This is mainly the case in schooland researcher-directed types of cross-professional collaboration.
Trends in the boreal summer regional Hadley and Walker circulations as expressed in precipitation records from Asia and Africa during the latter half of the 20th century

West African summer rainfall, north China summer rainfall and a new climate proxy, snow accumulation from the Dasuopu ice core in the southern Himalaya, have all experienced decreasing trends during the latter half of the 20th century. In this paper, we investigate the existence of a common mechanism that explains these geographically dispersed trends during the boreal summer. In particular, we explore the hypothesis that these trends are related to changes in the regional Hadley and Walker circulations. We show that the divergent circulation in the NCEP reanalysis indicates the existence of trends in these circulations that are consistent with the observed changes in the precipitation records. In addition, the regressions of the divergent circulation in the NCEP reanalysis against these precipitation records indicate that a similar globally coherent signal is associated with the time series and their linear trends while the regressions against the de‐trended residuals do not contain statistically significant large‐scale signals. These similarities lead us to conclude that the decreasing trends in the three precipitation time series during the latter half of the 20th century are consistent with large‐scale changes in the global overturning circulation during the boreal summer. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Initial Static Shear Effect on Cyclic Liquefaction Behaviour of Sand

Evaluation of soil liquefaction potential plays a key role in geotechnical earthquake engineering design since liquefaction is a major cause of earthquake-induced damages. While the evaluation procedure works well for free-field level ground conditions, the existence of initial static driving shear stress under earth dams or buildings complicates the issue. To address the insufficiency in current understanding, this paper presents an experimental study of the initial shear effect on the liquefaction resistance of sand, focusing mainly on the dependence of the effect on the initial state and sand type. A large number of cyclic triaxial tests have been conducted on two standard silica sands under a wide range of initial shear stress, density and confining pressure. Three distinct cyclic responses are identified to be dependent on the initial state and degree of stress reversal. The test results indicate that while the initial shear effect on loose sand can be beneficial or detrimental, that on dense sand is always favourable. However, a sufficiently high level of initial shear or confining stress could reverse the effect on dense sand. A new concept, termed as threshold α, is presented along with the zero reversal line to effectively characterise the initial shear effect. The insufficiency of the existing empirical Kα correlation chart is also examined against the experimental data.