Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Propofol Sedation Alters Perceptual and Cognitive Functions in Healthy Volunteers as Revealed by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

WHAT WE ALREADY KNOW ABOUT THIS TOPIC Loss of consciousness during anesthesia is associated with a loss of anterior-posterior connectivityHowever, during anesthesia local sensory cortex function may be preserved WHAT THIS ARTICLE TELLS US THAT IS NEW: During propofol sedation, activation on functional magnetic resonance imaging in higher cognitive areas, such as semantic and phonologic processing, is abolished with deep sedation and only partially suppressed with light sedationActivation related to lower sensory processing continues with deep and light sedation BACKGROUND:: Elucidating networks underlying conscious perception is important to understanding the mechanisms of anesthesia and consciousness. Previous studies have observed changes associated with loss of consciousness primarily using resting paradigms. The authors focused on the effects of sedation on specific cognitive systems using task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging. The authors hypothesized deepening sedation would degrade semantic more than perceptual discrimination. METHODS Discrimination of pure tones and familiar names were studied in 13 volunteers during wakefulness and propofol sedation targeted to light and deep sedation. Contrasts highlighted specific cognitive systems: auditory/motor (tones vs. fixation), phonology (unfamiliar names vs. tones), and semantics (familiar vs. unfamiliar names), and were performed across sedation conditions, followed by region of interest analysis on representative regions. RESULTS During light sedation, the spatial extent of auditory/motor activation was similar, becoming restricted to the superior temporal gyrus during deep sedation. Region of interest analysis revealed significant activation in the superior temporal gyrus during light (t [17] = 9.71, P < 0.001) and deep sedation (t [19] = 3.73, P = 0.001). Spatial extent of the phonologic contrast decreased progressively with sedation, with significant activation in the inferior frontal gyrus maintained during light sedation (t [35] = 5.17, P < 0.001), which didn't meet criteria for significance in deep sedation (t [38] = 2.57, P = 0.014). The semantic contrast showed a similar pattern, with activation in the angular gyrus during light sedation (t [16] = 4.76, P = 0.002), which disappeared in deep sedation (t [18] = 0.35, P = 0.731). CONCLUSIONS Results illustrate broad impairment in cognitive cortex during sedation, with activation in primary sensory cortex beyond loss of consciousness. These results agree with clinical experience: a dose-dependent reduction of higher cognitive functions during light sedation, despite partial preservation of sensory processes through deep sedation.
Segmented-body Change driven VR Game Character Deformation with Cross Sectional Area Mapping

In this paper, a method to synthesize techniques for segmented-body change driven virtual character deformation is proposed. To this end, a physically based CSA (Cross Sectional Area) that represents the area of a segmented muscle is defined. And CSAM (Cross Sectional Area Mapping) which maps CSA into a displacement is sequentially employed for the segmented muscle deformation with an increase rate. This method utilizes manipulation of each segmented body as well as a whole. In addition, it runs on HMD VR with somewhat high frame rate. To verify this method, we showed not only deformation results of human characters but also performance test. The techniques can be extended to the wide range of characters as well.
Wikipedia gender gap: a scoping review

In this scoping review, we portray an examination of the gender gap on Wikipedia by analyzing scholarly literature from 2007 to 2022. Employing quantitative methods, the study identifies key author characteristics such as gender, disciplines, countries, and institutions. The research reveals a slight majority of female authors, followed by male authors, with limited representation from non-binary authors. Qualitatively, content analysis uncovers two central themes: addressing the contribution gap and incorporating content related to underrepresented genders. Additionally, the study assesses results on the content gap, editing and participation bias, readership imbalances, and strategies to mitigate the gender gap. Furthermore, it explores the repercussions of this gap and categorizes the contributing factors as “the women’s problem,” “the mirror effect,” and “the systemic problem. ” Overall, this comprehensive review enhances our comprehension of the Wikipedia gender gap and provides valuable insights into the research landscape in this domain.
Evaluation of Serum level and IL 4R (rs1805010) gene polymorphism in a sample of osteoporosis women

Background: Osteoporosis is characterized by subtle skeletal degeneration and bone loss, generally defined as a systemic metabolic disease. Interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4) R has been associated with osteoimmune, the relationship between the immune system and the skeleton (osteoimmune system) is studied in osteoimmunology. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the serum level and polymorphisms to genotype IL-4R) rs1805010 ( and their effect on osteoporosis in Iraqi women. Methods: ELISA was used to determine the serum level of the IL-4R and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to genotype the IL4R gene in 90 Iraqi women (60 patients with osteoporosis and 30 control groups). Results: The main findings on the IL-4R polymorphism (rs1805010) indicated that there was no association for the prediction of osteoporosis in Iraqi women. Whereas, there was a significant increase in serum levels of interleukin-4 receptor in women with osteoporosis compared to healthy women, (P = 0.018). Conclusion: The study supposes that there is a link between the serum level of IL4R and how osteoporosis develops, but IL4R gene polymorphisms may not play a role in osteoporosis in women.
Sesquiterpenes of Lactarius and Russula (Mushrooms): An Update[1]

In this review the biogenesis, structures, and bioactivities of all sesquiterpenoids isolated from Russula and Lactarius species in the last decade are critically discussed, and divided into sections according to their skeletons. A brief chemotaxonomic overview of the family Russulaceae is reported in the final part of the review.
Impacto de las tecnologías emergentes en el desarrollo cognitivo: el papel mediador del apoyo social digital entre estudiantes de educación superior Impact of emerging technologies on cognitive development: the mediating role of digital social support among higher education students

The aim of the current study is to explore the direct and indirect relationships between emerging technology and cognitive development. This study utilized a cross-sectional research design, employing a questionnaire survey approach for data collection from students in higher education. The multi-point Likert scale was used to measure emerging technology, cognitive development, and digital social support. Data were collected from 500 students, both male and female, studying at Chinese universities. The PLS-SEM approach was applied to analyze the structural relationship among the given variables in this research study. Findings of the study indicated that emerging technology has a positive and significant relationship with cognitive development, and that digital social support positively and significantly mediates the connection between emerging technology and cognitive development among higher education students. It was concluded that both emerging technology and digital social support are predictors of students’ cognitive development at the higher education level. The study contributes to the literature on emerging technology, cognitive development, and digital social support in the context of higher education. This study provides valuable theoretical and practical implications for teachers, psychologists, and curriculum developers at the higher education level.
Comparative Analysis of Customer Acceptance of Digital Wallet Gopay, Dana and Ovo Using Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology

Finding out what variables affect users' acceptance of server-based electronic wallets is the goal of this study. A quantitative methodology is used in this investigation. Using a questionnaire, a survey was conducted in order to collect data. Users of server-based electronic wallets make up the study's population. The purposive sampling strategy was employed by the author in this study. It was successful for the author to get 100 responses. Statistical analysis and demographic analysis are the two subcategories of data analysis. Using IBM SPSS, the author first analyzed demographic data. Second, SmartPLS was used by the author to perform statistical analysis. The following are the factors that affect user approval, according to the research findings: The impact of effort depletion on behavioral intention is substantial. An important factor influencing behavioral intention is social influence. The impact of perceived trust anticipation on behavioral intention is substantial. Behavior intention is significantly impacted by perceived risk anticipation. Encouraging circumstances behavioral intention is significantly influenced by expectations. Use behavior is significantly impacted by facilitating situations. Behavioral intention is significantly impacted by habit. The way we utilize things is greatly influenced by our habits. The intention behind one's behavior greatly influences how they use things. In the meanwhile, performance expectation has no discernible impact on behavioral intention, and the following criteria do not influence user approval. There is no discernible impact of hedonic motivation on behavioral intention. On behavioral intention, price value has no discernible impact.
The “Comfort Zoom”: Preservice Teachers’ (PTs’) Perceptions on Distance Learning During the Pandemic

The study aims to evaluate in real time the level of PTs’ satisfaction with distance learning in three main aspects: lecturers, college’s functioning and self-appraisal of learning practices with distance learning in a teacher training campus. It can be defined as an action research, to understand and improve the quality of the educative process in an agile way during the crisis. Through the lens of performance improvement theory, we sought to determine if Preservice Teachers satisfaction with learning remotely would change over time because of institutional preparedness and faculty support. The sample group consisted of n=183 PTs ’in the first semester (31% Return percentage), N=193 in the second semester (32% Return percentage) and N=284 (47% Return percentage in the third semester (out of 600 Preservice Teachers’). The findings indicate both challenges and successes. In the second and third semesters, PTs’ reported higher levels of motivation, desire to learn, concentration taking an active part in class, and interest in the studied material, focusing on the lesson and ignoring distracting factors compared to the first semester. Preservice Teachers’’ coping with distance learning during the third semester were significantly better than the previous two semesters. Their evaluation of the lecturers’ at third semester was significantly higher. Preservice Teachers has perceived the lecturers’ role as an anchor of stability in the sea of change. The findings indicate the speed at which PTs’s adopted the innovative changes during the crisis. However, their evaluation of the college at the second semester was better than at the first and third semesters. These findings are important, as they shine a spotlight on associations between PTs’ satisfactions during times of change. Keywords: comfort zoom, distance learning, Covid-19, teacher training, teacher satisfaction
Acceptance of Interoperable Electronic Health Record (EHRs) Acceptance of Interoperable Electronic Health Record (EHRs) Systems: A Tanzanian e-Health Perspective Systems: A Tanzanian e-Health Perspective

The study assessed factors that influence the acceptance of interoperable electronic Health Records (EHRs) Systems in Tanzania Public Hospitals. The study applied a hybrid model that combined the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE). Snowball sampling technique was applied and a total of 340 questionnaires were distributed to selected clinics, polyclinics and hospitals, of which 261 (77%) received questionnaires were considered to be valid and reliable for subsequent data analysis. IBM SPSS software version 27.0 was employed for data analysis. Findings indicated that relative advantage, compatibility
Effect of Urea Application on Soil Properties and Hydrocarbon Reduction in Crude Oil Contaminated Soil

Background and Objective: Soil contamination resulting from crude oil spills poses an environmental threat in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria and the world at large and the remediation of oil-polluted soil is one of the major problems for environmental research. This study investigated the effect of urea as an amendment (remediating material) on soil properties and hydrocarbon reduction in crude oil-contaminated soil at Botem-Tai in Rivers State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used and the experimental treatment were: B1: Polluted soil without urea, B2: Polluted soil with 20 g urea addition, B3: Polluted soil with 40 g Urea addition, B4: Unpolluted soil. Physical-chemical and microbial analyses were done on soil samples from the different treatment plots. Results: The significant reductions (p = 0.05) in Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) of polluted soil with urea addition (B2: 193.98 and 135.90 mg kg G 1 and B3: 708.13 and 615.40 mg kg G 1 ) compared to the polluted without urea (B1: 1963.67 and 1014.37 mg kg G 1 ) as against the initial of 2926.00 and 1189.96 mg kg G 1 recorded. Conclusion: Hence, the use of urea in in situ remediation of crude oil-polluted soil proved effective.
Omental Infarction with Acute Appendicitis in an Overweight Young Female: A Rare Presentation

Omental infarction is an uncommon cause of acute abdomen but one that clinically mimics more serious and common causes of acute abdomen like appendicitis and cholecystitis. Historically, it was diagnosed only intraoperatively during surgery for presumed appendicitis or other causes of acute abdomen. But with the increase in the use of imaging, especially abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan in the work-up for acute abdomen, more cases of omental infarction are being diagnosed preoperatively. This has also led to the observation that omental infarction is a self-limiting condition which can be managed conservatively. Currently, conservative management and surgery are the only treatment options for omental infarction with no consensus as to the best treatment modality. Having a patient with both acute appendicitis and omental infarction simultaneously is extremely rare with only two reported cases in the literature thus far. Here, we present a 10-year-old obese female who presented to our hospital with acute abdomen and was found to have acute appendicitis and omental infarction. The patient underwent laparoscopic appendectomy and resection of the infarcted omentum and had uneventful recovery and was discharged on the second postoperative day. In this report, we present a review of current literature on omental infarction and highlight the importance of imaging especially abdominal CT scan in the nonoperative diagnosis and treatment of omental infarction.
ECOSTRESS: NASA's Next Generation Mission to Measure Evapotranspiration From the International Space Station

The ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS) was launched to the International Space Station on 29 June 2018 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The primary science focus of ECOSTRESS is centered on evapotranspiration (ET), which is produced as Level‐3 (L3) latent heat flux (LE) data products. These data are generated from the Level‐2 land surface temperature and emissivity product (L2_LSTE), in conjunction with ancillary surface and atmospheric data. Here, we provide the first validation (Stage 1, preliminary) of the global ECOSTRESS clear‐sky ET product (L3_ET_PT‐JPL, Version 6.0) against LE measurements at 82 eddy covariance sites around the world. Overall, the ECOSTRESS ET product performs well against the site measurements (clear‐sky instantaneous/time of overpass: r2 = 0.88; overall bias = 8%; normalized root‐mean‐square error, RMSE = 6%). ET uncertainty was generally consistent across climate zones, biome types, and times of day (ECOSTRESS samples the diurnal cycle), though temperate sites are overrepresented. The 70‐m‐high spatial resolution of ECOSTRESS improved correlations by 85%, and RMSE by 62%, relative to 1‐km pixels. This paper serves as a reference for the ECOSTRESS L3 ET accuracy and Stage 1 validation status for subsequent science that follows using these data.
Comprehensive comparison of Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore Technologies and their applications to transcriptome analysis [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]

Background: Given the demonstrated utility of Third Generation Sequencing [Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT)] long reads in many studies, a comprehensive analysis and comparison of their data quality and applications is in high demand. Methods: Based on the transcriptome sequencing data from human embryonic stem cells, we analyzed multiple data features of PacBio and ONT, including error pattern, length, mappability and technical improvements over previous platforms. We also evaluated their application to transcriptome analyses, such as isoform identification and quantification and characterization of transcriptome complexity, by comparing the performance of size-selected PacBio, non-size-selected ONT and their corresponding Hybrid-Seq strategies (PacBio+Illumina and ONT+Illumina). Results: PacBio shows overall better data
Relationships between ecosystem functions are temporally variable and driven by plant species richness and plant community composition

Ecosystem management aims at providing many ecosystem services simultaneously. Such ecosystem multifunctionality can be limited by trade-oﬀs and increased by synergies among the underlying ecosystem functions (EF), which need to be understood to develop targeted management. Previous studies found diﬀerences in the correlation between EFs. We hypothesised that correlations between EFs are variable even under the controlled conditions of a ﬁeld experiment and that seasonal and annual variation, plant species richness, and plot identity (identity eﬀects of plant communities such as the presence and absence of functional groups and species) are drivers of these correlations. We used data on 31 EFs related to plants, consumers, and physical soil properties that were measured over 5 to 19 years, up to three times per year, in a temperate grassland experiment with 80 diﬀerent plots, constituting six sown plant species richness levels (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 60 species). We found that correlations between pairs of EFs were variable, and correlations between two particular EFs could range from weak to strong correlations or from negative to positive correlations among the repeated measurements. To determine the drivers of pairwise EF correlations, the covariance between EFs was partitioned into contributions from plant species richness, plot identity, and time (including years and seasons). We found that most of the covariance for synergies was explained by species richness (26.5%), whereas for trade-oﬀs, most covariance was explained by plot identity (29.5%). Additionally, some EF pairs were more aﬀected by diﬀerences among years and seasons and therefore showed a higher temporal variation. Therefore, correlations between two EFs from single measurements are insuﬃcient to draw conclusions on trade-oﬀs and synergies. Consequently, pairs of EFs need to be measured repeatedly under diﬀerent conditions to describe their relationships with more certainty and be able to derive recommendations for the management of grasslands.
DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA DEL LANGOSTINO BLANCO LITOPENAEUS SCHMITTI EN EL CARIBE COLOMBIANO

Southern white shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti has been a commercial exploited species in Colombian Caribbean since 1968, becoming a high trade interest species and carrying a development of high fisheries activity, which then caused an overexploitation and a subsequent decrease in catches. Due to the current situation of this species, with the aim of assess the genetic diversity and the level of differentiation within each population and between different populations of the southern white shrimp with help of microsatellite molecular markers, 162 individuals were fished from four shore locations; Laguna de Navio Quebrado in La Guajira, Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta in Magdalena, Bahia de Barbacoas in Bolivar and Bahia de Cispata in Sucre; and one open sea population in Golfo de Morrosquillo, Cordoba and Sucre shores. It was found that Navio Quebrado's population showed the highest level of observed heterocigosity and Cienaga Grande's population showed the lower level of inbreeding. According to the analysis of population structure, there are three population units; one consisting of Cienaga Grande, Bahia de Barbacoas, and Cispata populations, another consisting of Golfo de Morrosquillo population, and a third one consisting of Laguna de Navio Quebrado; these findings could be results of the oceanographic current patterns.
Powering aircraft with 100 % sustainable aviation fuel reduces ice crystals in contrails

Powering aircraft by sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) is a pathway to reduce the climate impact of aviation by lowering aviation lifecycle CO 2 emissions and by reducing ice crystal numbers and radiative forcing from contrails. While the effect of SAF blends on contrails has been measured previously, here we present novel measurements on particle emission and contrails from 100 % SAF combustion. During the ECLIF3 (Emission and CLimate Impact of alternative Fuels) campaign, a collaboration between the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt (DLR), Airbus, Rolls-Royce, and Neste, the DLR Falcon 20 research aircraft performed in situ measurements following an Airbus A350-941 source aircraft powered by Rolls-Royce Trent XWB-84 engines in 1 to 2 min old contrails at cruise altitudes. Apparent ice emission indices of 100 % HEFA-SPK (hydro-processed esters and fatty acids–synthetic parafﬁnic kerosene) were measured and compared to Jet A-1 fuel contrails at similar engine and ambient ice-supersaturated conditions within a single ﬂight. A 56 % reduction in ice particle numbers per mass of burned fuel was measured for 100 % HEFA-SPK compared to Jet A-1 under engine cruise conditions. The measured 35 % reduction in soot particle numbers suggests reduced ice activation by the low-sulfur HEFA fuel. Contrail properties are consistently modeled with a contrail plume model. Global climate model simulations for the 2018 ﬂeet conservatively estimate a 26 % decrease in contrail radiative forcing and stronger decreases for larger particle reductions. Our results indicate that higher hydrogen content fuels as well as clean engines with low particle emissions may lead to reduced climate forcing from contrails.