Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spin Current Induced Control of Magnetization Dynamics

This thesis deals with the characterization and the use of charge-current induced torques on the magnetic layer in normal metal/ferromagnet heterostructures. These so-called spin orbit torques (SOTs) have different physical origins such as the spin Hall effect and the Rashba-Edelstein/spin galvanic effect. It therefore remains challenging to experimentally separate the different contributions in order to fully understand the physics of the current-to-torque conversion. One part of the work is therefore dedicated to the comparison of two complementary SOT measurement techniques in a Pt(x nm)/Py(4 nm) model system. The analysis is focused on the question whether the measured data can be understood within a common drift diffusion model based on the spin Hall effect. The second part deals with the dynamics of current-induced magnetization reversal in perpendicular magnetized Pt/Co elements. For the first time, a temporal and spatially resolved study of such a process is presented. Both experiments are carried out by using the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect and ferromagnetic resonance-based methods.
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminthes in Pigs Reared in Research Farms of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, South Eastern Nigeria

Gastrointestinal parasitism in swine production is a world-wide problem especially in tropical resource-poor countries. These infections in animals result in significant economic losses. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and spectrum of gastrointestinal parasites of pigs reared in two research farms in Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, South eastern Nigeria. From April, 2016 to July, 2016, 220 samples of pig faeces from two research farms (CASAP Research Farm and MOUAU Commercial Pig Farm) were analyzed using floatation and direct smear methods to identify varied parasitic stages present in the faeces. Data generated showed an overall prevalence of 64.6% (142/220) in the two farms. Five parasite species made up of four Nematode and one Cestode were observed namely Ascaris suum (26.4%), Trichuris suis (26.4%), Strongyloides spp (21.9%), Oesophagostomum dentatum (20.0%) and Pseudanoplocephala spp. (5.6%). Mixed infections were also observed. Those within the ages of 0-8months had the highest prevalence (74.12%). Further, 67.42% male pigs and 62.60% of female pigs were found to be infected with one or the other endoparasite revealing a high prevalence of parasitic problems within Umudike. It is recommended that pigs should be treated regularly to prevent or reduce infection to the barest minimal level.
Large-Scale Molecular Gas Survey in 12CO, 13CO and C18O (J = 2–1) with the Osaka 1.85m mm-submm Telescope

Abstract We have developed a new mm-submm telescope with a diameter of 1.85 m (hereafter, Osaka 1.85-m telescope) installed at the Nobeyama Radio Observatory. The scientific goal is to precisely reveal physical properties of molecular clouds in the Galaxy by obtaining a large-scale distribution of molecular gas, which also can be compared with large-scale observations in various wavelengths. The target frequency is ~230 GHz; simultaneous observations in J = 2–1 lines of 12CO, 13CO and C18O are achieved with a beam size (HPBW) of 2.7 arcmin. Here we present the progress of observations and the scientific results obtained by Osaka 1.85-m telescope. We note that these J = 2–1 data of the Galactic molecular clouds will be precious for the comparison with those of extra-galactic ones that will be obtained with the ALMA with the comparable spatial resolutions.
Additive and non-additive genetic effects for reproductive traits in a Holstein- Brown Swiss diallel in humid subtropical climate

: Crossbreeding allows taking advantage of additive genetic differences between breeds, they also allow making use of heterosis and complementarity. Therefore, it is necessary to generate information on the efficacy of crosses compared to pure breeds under the conditions of interest. The objective was to quantify the impact of additive and non-additive genetic effects for days to first estrus (DFE), days to first service (DFS), days open (DO), services per conception (SPC), calving interval (CI) and gestation length (GL). The productive and genealogical information of females from a diallel between Holstein (HO) and Brown Swiss (BS), a total of 148 cows of the breeds HO (n=43), BS (n=64) and their reciprocal crosses HO-BS (n=20) and BS-HO (n=21), was used. Contrasts were used to estimate individual heterosis and differences between direct genetic effects and between maternal genetic effects based on Dickerson models. The results showed that heterosis and differences between maternal effects were not significant ( P >0.05) for any of the traits studied. Differences between direct genetic effects were only important ( P <0.05) for SPC and GL. In conclusion, the heterosis generated by the crossbreeding between HO and BS did not influence the reproductive efficiency of females. Maternal effects were not different between HO and BS. Direct genetic effects for SPC and GL favored the BS breed.
QNSE theory of turbulence anisotropization and onset of the inverse energy cascade by solid body rotation

Under the action of solid body rotation, homogeneous neutrally stratified turbulence undergoes anisotropization and onset of the inverse energy cascade. These processes are investigated using a quasi-normal scale elimination (QNSE) theory in which successive coarsening of a flow domain yields scale-dependent eddy viscosity and diffusivity. The effect of rotation increases with increasing scale and manifests in anisotropization of the eddy viscosities, eddy diffusivities and kinetic energy spectra. Not only the vertical (in the direction of the vector of rotation $\unicode[STIX]{x1D734}$ ) and horizontal eddy viscosities and eddy diffusivities become different but, reflecting both directional and componental anisotropization, there emerge four different eddy viscosities. Three of them decrease relative to the eddy viscosity in non-rotating flows while one increases; the horizontal ‘isotropic’ viscosity decreases at the fastest rate. This behaviour is indicative of the increasing redirection of the energy flux to larger scales, the phenomenon that can be associated with the energy backscatter or inverse energy cascade. On scales comparable to the Woods’s scale which is the rotational analogue of the Ozmidov length scale in stably stratified flows, the horizontal viscosity rapidly decreases, and in order to keep it positive, a weak rotation limit is invoked. Within that limit, an analytical theory of the transition from the Kolmogorov to a rotation-dominated turbulence regime is developed. It is shown that the dispersion relation of linear inertial waves is unaffected by turbulence while all one-dimensional energy spectra undergo steepening from the Kolmogorov $-5/3$ to the $-3$ slope.
Intergenerational education effect of child marriage in marginal settlements of Nepal

Abstract This paper examines the intergenerational effect of child marriage on education. While most of the literature focuses on child marriage generations, the spillover effects on offspring require close attention to terminate the endless loop of child marriage-related issues. By employing coarsened exact matching (CEM), the authors analyse how child marriage impacts the education of the offspring of child-married mothers in marginal areas in Nepal. This study utilises the Nepal Marginal Settlements Survey: Household 2014/15 data set, with a finalised sample size of 2681 children. The authors use ‘overage’ as an outcome variable to reflect the comprehensive education attainment situation. In this paper, ‘overage’ refers to the difference between students’ observed age and the standard schooling age of his or her current grade defined by Nepal’s government. The estimated results show that being born to a mother married before 18 years of age increases female children’s overage by 0.352 years and male children’s overage by 0.498 years. This intergenerational effect of child marriage on education differs distinctly by gender. The effect becomes more severe as the marriage age of the mother decreases.
THE CASE OF TRAUMATIC TRANSMISSION CHILD OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS

Aim. Analysis of phylogenetic relationships of HIV isolates obtained from a child 8 years old and HIV-positive parents to search for a possible source of infection. Materials and methods. The blood plasma samples of 3 patients (father, mother and child) HIV from Veliky Novgorod were used. Presented in a group of patients were directed to conduct epidemiological investigation cases of HIV-1 infection a child from a dysfunctional family. In the present study we used genotyping by direct sequencing of the site of the polymerase gene (pol) length of 1285 nt. , The gene encoding the protease (PR) length of 465 nt. and a portion of the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene length of 820 nt. Results. The study allowed the identification of the HIV virus in clinical samples. HIV-1 subtype A1 (IDU-A) was detected in all cases. Phylogenetic analysis of isolates, where the control samples using HIV-1 isolates obtained previously from Veliky Novgorod, possible to identify grouped in a separate cluster sample from the mother, father and child, which makes it possible to conclude about intrafamily HIV infected child by one of his parents. The nucleotide identity of the samples obtained from the mother and the child, showed a higher percentage of similarity – 98.4%, compared with the identity of the samples between the father and the mother and between father and child (96.2% and 94.2%, respectively). Differences natural polymorphisms in protease and reverse transcriptase genes of the parents and the child are discussed. Conclusion. The analysis of phylogenetic relationships of HIV isolates showed that the source of infection of the child 8 years old, born and living in socially disadvantaged families with HIV-positive parents, is his mother. Way parenteral transmission of infection by random simultaneous trauma in the mother and child. Molecular phylogenetic analysis using routine methods for determining the resistance of HIV to antiretroviral drugs allows to investigate cases of HIV infection, identifying the source of infection.
Neonatal Encephalopathy in the Term Newborn

Perinatal brain injury is the third leading cause of child mortality globally. Purpose: Evaluation of perinatal risk factors for encephalopathy in neonates in order to prevent deaths and disabilities Method: This is a prospective, case-control study conducted in the Maternity Hospital “K. Gliozheni” during the time period 2012 – 2016. 65 newborns at term ≥37 weeks diagnosed with encephalopathy according to the Thompson classification >5 within 12 hours of birth were compared with a control group, infants without encephalopathy in a 1:1 ratio selected casual and gender-appropriate. Results: Total antepartum risk factors were found in (70.8%) of cases and (18.5%) of controls (p<0.01). Sentinel events were found in 38.5% of cases and in 9.2% of controls. (p<0.01). Acute intrapartum events in total were found in (38.5%) of cases and (9.2%) of controls (p<0.01). 43.1% of babies had a combination of antepartum and intrapartum factors (p<0.01). Significant and independent predictive factors of risk for neonatal encephalopathy resulted: from maternal factors, mother’s age >35 years (p=0.03). Of the intrapartum factors: pregnancy with twins (p<0.01), hypertension/preeclampsia (p<0.01), non-reactive FHR before delivery (p<0.01). MEDICUS No. 6, ISSUE 2/ 2022 103 From intrapartum factors: breech birth (p=0.01), emergency cesarean section (p=0.01), meconial amniotic fluid (p=0.02), prolonged birth (p=0.01). Conclusion: Knowledge of perinatal risk factors associated with neonatal encephalopathy is essential for developing interventions to prevent neonatal death and disability.
Antecedents of Cloud Gaming Acceptance among Gen Z: Achieving Sustainability in the Digital Gaming Industry

The rapid increase in mobile phone usage among Gen Z online gamers has become more prevalent due to the pandemic. However, the limited processing power of mobile devices has prompted the need for alternative solutions, such as cloud gaming. As an alternative, cloud gaming could be used to lessen the expenses and have the processing power of a high-end computer. Cloud gaming allows users to stream games on various devices, including low-end devices such as smartphones and older computers. This extends the lifecycle of hardware by enabling users to access the latest games without the need for constant hardware upgrades. As a result, e-waste generation decreases, reducing the environmental impact associated with the production and disposal of gaming hardware. This study aimed to determine the acceptance of Gen Z towards cloud gaming as a potential solution in achieving sustainability in the digital gaming industry. The extended technology acceptance model (TAM) was utilized to explore the potential for cloud gaming adoption in the Philippines and the attitudes of Gen Z towards this technology. It was found out that for the average Filipino user, attitude plays the highest significant role in cloud gaming adoption. On the other hand, perceived enjoyment and perceived ease of use were found to have a significant influence on attitude, which in turn, affects the behavioral intention to use cloud gaming among Gen Z. Thus, cloud gaming presents a promising avenue for sustainability in the gaming industry, combining energy efficiency, resource optimization, reduced e-waste, and improved accessibility.
The Monetary Policy Preferences of Left- and Right-Wing Populism

The paper uses a Taylor-rule model for central banks to examine the economic outcome of modern populism. Annual data of major OECD countries from 2001 to 2019 is applied to examine the overall level of populism in the regime, the left/right divide of the regime and the populist political force, the independence of the central bank from the political regime to model the target interest rate. The results verify the impact of populism on monetary policy and the invalidity of the traditional partisan approach, and distinguish the different effect of left- and right-wing populism. A populist regime favors low interest rate than a non-populist regime, and a leftist populist regime prefers expansionary monetary policies than rightist populist regime. Such a divide in monetary policy preference can be used as a classification criterion for classification of populist political forces, with The Five Star Movement in Italy as an example.
Effect of Financial Innovations on Banks’ Loan Portfolio: A Case of Commercial Banks in Kenya

Purpose: The study sought to investigate the effect of financial innovations on loan portfolio of Commercial Banks in Kenya. The main problem was that even though banks have implemented financial innovations, the level of loans uptake in terms of volume and quality remains unclear as indicated by opposing findings by different studies. Most past studies on Kenya have covered relatively shorter study periods which may not reliably capture the financial trends, more so given the short shelf life of financial studies caused by rapid changes in the financial sector. Methodology: This study adopted Positivism philosophy. It was based on correlational research design. The target population for the study comprised of all of the 42 commercial banks licensed by the Central Bank of Kenya to provide financial and other banking services in Kenya. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample of 12 CMA / NSE listed banks. Secondary data was used. They were obtained from audited financial reports of listed commercial banks, CMA and the CBK in the period 2007 to 2017. The data was analyzed using fixed effect and pooled regression of panel data analysis. Results: The findings of the study indicated that there is positive and significant effect between financial innovation and loan portfolio of commercial banks. The findings indicated that the overall R-squared was 0.5928. This means that on average, 59.28 percent of all variations in loans are explained by financial innovation, holding all other factors constant. This indicates that if the banks in Kenya implemented more financial innovations, the financial performance measured by loan portfolio would increase. Based on the findings, the study concluded that commercial banks have implemented technological innovations in various areas such as EFT, Branch networking and Mobile banking which have improved the banks’ loan portfolios. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that Commercial banks should adopt financial innovations that would positively influence loan portfolio. It shall signal the government, policy institutions, industry players and stakeholders to re-strategize finance-oriented innovations with the view to improve policy framework in order to streamline the financial sector, especially banking. The study offers literature and data for academic reference as well as guidance for investment by banks and other investors
Lower hybrid waves in the ion diffusion and magnetospheric inflow regions

The role and properties of lower hybrid waves in the ion diffusion region and magnetospheric inflow region of asymmetric reconnection are investigated using the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. Two distinct groups of lower hybrid waves are observed in the ion diffusion region and magnetospheric inflow region, which have distinct properties and propagate in opposite directions along the magnetopause. One group develops near the ion edge in the magnetospheric inflow, where magnetosheath ions enter the magnetosphere through the finite gyroradius effect and are driven by the ion‐ion cross‐field instability due to the interaction between the magnetosheath ions and cold magnetospheric ions. This leads to heating of the cold magnetospheric ions. The second group develops at the sharpest density gradient, where the Hall electric field is observed and is driven by the lower hybrid drift instability. These drift waves produce cross‐field particle diffusion, enabling magnetosheath electrons to enter the magnetospheric inflow region thereby broadening the density gradient in the ion diffusion region.
PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF TILAPIA FISH AS AFFECTED BY CHARCOAL, ELECTRIC GRILLER, AND FIREWOOD HEAT SOURCES

The influence of three heat sources on the physicochemical composition and meat quality of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was investigated. The fish farm produced twelve Oreochromis niloticus weighing an average of 65825 grams each. The fish were gutted and washed with distilled water to eliminate filth and blood; the dressed weights were then smoked. Smoking was accomplished using charcoal, wood, and an electric grill. Study examined the product's production, pH, water-holding capacity (WHC), and oxidative rancidity. A sensory analysis and microbiological count were conducted in accordance with standard procedures. The data were analyzed using 0.05-level one-way ANOVA and graph pad prism. Compared to firewood and electricity, cooking Tilapia with charcoal yielded the highest output. Tilapia prepared over a firewood heat source had a pH of 6.62, whereas those prepared over an electric heat source had a pH of 6.56. At 54.44 percent, the Tilapia using an electric heat source had the highest Water holding capacity (WHC). There was a statistically significant difference (P0.05) in the Oxidative Rancidity, with the electric heat source Tilapia fish having the highest level at 0.31 mg/g. In terms of appearance, electric heat source Tilapia fish was preferred to firewood and charcoal heat source Tilapia fish; nevertheless, it was inferior in terms of taste, tenderness, texture, and salinity. Firewood-heated Tilapia fish had the best texture, but the worst flavor. This study found that electric heat sources for smoking Tilapia fish might be used without impacting nutritional content or consumer acceptability.
Using the temporal motivation theory to explain the relation between ADHD and procrastination

ABSTRACT Objective The relationship between ADHD and procrastination is recognised among therapists and educators. However, only a few studies confirm this correlation, and even fewer offer a theoretical explanation. A model of procrastination exists in Steel’s Temporal Motivation Theory, according to which procrastination is fostered by the following motivation factors: a low expectancy of completing the task successfully, negative task value, and impulsiveness – the sensitivity to the delay until realisation. This study aims to establish the correlation between procrastination and ADHD and examine whether these motivation factors explain this correlation. Method Two hundred and two adult participants completed an online survey containing demographic background and scales of adult ADHD symptoms, procrastination, expectancy, task aversiveness, and impulsiveness. Results ADHD symptoms significantly and positively correlated with procrastination, task aversiveness, and impulsiveness and negatively correlated with expectancy (all Ps < .001). Mediation analysis suggested that lower expectancy and higher impulsiveness partially explained the correlation between ADHD and procrastination. Conclusions These findings help establish the strong relationship between ADHD and procrastination while demonstrating that the relationship is partially explained by a low expectancy of completing a task successfully and high levels of impulsiveness. Key Points What is already known about this topic: Adult ADHD symptoms are associated with functional impairment. The relationship between ADHD and procrastination is recognised among therapists and educators. Few controlled studies established and explained the link between ADHD and procrastination. What this topic adds: In an adult sample, ADHD symptoms are related to a higher level of procrastination. ADHD symptoms and procrastination correlated with low expectancy of completing the task, high task aversiveness, and high impulsiveness. Mediation analysis suggested that lower expectancy and higher impulsiveness partially explained the correlation between ADHD and procrastination.
Exploring Preferential Label Smoothing for Neural Network-based Classifiers

Overfitting, a common problem in Machine Learning, occurs when a predictive model learns the noise in the training data instead of the true underlying patterns and converges to perform very well with the training data but poorly with unseen data. Models that overfit cannot be deployed in practice. Regularization is a technique typically used to help a model better generalize. This is usually achieved by adding a penalty term in the loss function to discourage the model from fitting noise, making it more robust to noise in the data and, therefore more generalizable. One method of regularization is to take some of the concentration (called Smoothing Ratio (SR)) from the data sample’s ground truth label and distribute it uniformly among all the other labels during training. This method is called label smoothing and is a simple yet effective method to improve generalization. In this work, we explore what happens if we distribute the SR to the non-ground truth labels based on how closely they are related to the ground truth label, instead of uniformly. We call this approach of distributing the SR based on relation between labels as Preferential Label Smoothing (PLS). PLS represents a more unified approach of performing label smoothing. Ordinary uniform label smoothing becomes pointless as the number of labels becomes large since the SR proportion distributed per label becomes negligible. PLS is inconsequential in the case of binary classification, since there are only two labels. Therefore, we investigate the effects of PLS when the number of labels in the dataset is high. We also examine the effects of uniform and preferential label smoothing, as well as the absence of label smoothing, on the training dynamics. We demonstrate our study on image classification and text classification.