Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Insights into the Final Stage of Bacterial Cell Division

In Escherichia coli, cytokinesis is driven through the formation of the divisome, envelope invagination, peptidoglycan synthesis/degradation and daughter-cell separation. Although many proteins are implicated, the order and time needed for each involved protein’s intervention remains ambiguous. One protein, Penicillin-Binding-Protein PBP3 (FtsI), seems particularly important for this process. In this paper, we describe a reproducible protocol to observe E. coli K-12 by Transmission Electron Cryo-Microscopy (cryo-TEM) on whole cells. We observed IM and OM invaginations during cell division and then analyzed the effects of PBP3 inhibitors on membrane-constrictive processes. Our results suggest that synthesis and invagination of the inner membrane can be completely dissociated from those of the outer membrane during a short time at a specific moment of the bacterial cell cycle, leading to the formation of two separate cytoplasms. These results help clarify the timing of PBP3 action during the bacterial cell cycle.
Chemical Compositions, Antiviral and Antioxidant Activities of Seven Essential Oils

The antiviral activity of hydro-distilled e ssential oils obtained f rom Allium cepa L. (bulbs), Allium sativum (bulbs), Cuminum c yminum (seeds), Corriandrum sativum (herb and seeds), Petroselinum sativum (herb) and Ocimum basilicum (herb) cul tivated in E gypt against (HSV1) were tested by using cytopathicity (CPE) as say. African green monkey kidney (Vero) cell line (vi rus infected cells) were incubated with different levels of the seven essential oils(onion, garlic, cumin, coriander (herb and seeds), 50 parsley and basil) 200, 500 and 1000µg/ml and the EC were 1060, 320, 400, 2045, 341, 386 and 615 µg/ml, respectively. On the other hand the antioxidant activity of essential oils against DPPH radical were determined in vitro by treated w ith different concentrations of 7 essential oils 25, 50, 75, 100, 200 µ g/ml 50 and the percentages o f D PPH inhibition and EC were recorded. C hemical co mpositions o f ess ential oils •
Seasonality in dinitrogen fixation and primary productivity by coral reef framework substrates from the northern Red Sea

N-2 fixation by coral reef benthic substrates may support primary productivity on oligo trophic coral reefs. However, little is known regarding the influence of environmental para meters on coral reef benthic N-2 fixation. This study quantified N-2 fixation and photosynthesis in 3 common reef framework substrates: turf algae, coral rock, and the abundant encrusting sponge Mycale fistulifera over 4 seasons in the northern Gulf of Aqaba. N-2 fixation activity was detected during day and night for all substrates, but on an annual average was significantly higher for turf algae (4.4 +/- 3.9 nmol C2H4 cm(-2) h(-1)) and coral rock (3.5 +/- 2.8 nmol C2H4 cm(-2) h(-1)) compared to M. fistulifera (0.2 +/- 0.2 nmol C2H4 cm(-2) h(-1)). There was strong seasonality in N-2 fixation, with rates one order of magnitude higher in summer when temperature and irradiance were highest but inorganic nutrient concentrations lowest. During summer and fall, when nutrients were low, we found a significant positive linear relationship between gross photosynthesis (P-gross) and N-2 fixation in turf algae and coral rock. Further, we estimate N-2 fixation can supply up to 20 and 27% of the N demand for net photosynthesis (P-net) in coral rock and turf algae, respectively. By contrast there was no significant relationship between N-2 fixation and Pgross in M. fistulifera, which displayed negative Pnet and heterotrophic metabolism (P-gross: respiration <1). These findings highlight the role of environmental parameters in regulating benthic substrate-associated N-2 fixation and the potential importance of fixed N for supporting primary production, particularly during nutrient-depleted conditions.
To study bacteriological and antibiotic susceptibility profile of burn wound isolates in a tertiary care centre in JAMMU

Burn wounds are one of the most common and devastating form of trauma. Infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in burn patients. This was a retrospective study conducted in Microbiology department of GMC JAMMU over a span of 6 months [JAN 2018JUNE 2018]. Samples transported to microbiology laboratory were immediately processed and antibiotic sensitivity was performed according to standard laboratory procedures (CLSI guidelines). Total of 101 samples were taken from 101 patients admitted in burn ward. Records of these swabs taken from burn wound patients were analysed. The most frequent isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus. Antimicrobial sensitivity showed Imipenem was most effective drug among Gram negatives and Linezolid was most effective against Gram positive isolates. It is very crucial for every burn unit to determine specific pattern of burn wound colonization and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. This will enable early treatment of imminent septic episodes with proper empirical systemic antibiotics thus improving overall infection related morbidity and mortality. Introduction Infections are an important complication and a major cause of mortality in burn wound patients. A burn is often defined as an injury to the skin or other organic tissue primarily caused by heat or due to radiation, radioactivity, electricity, friction or contact with chemicals. Skin injuries due to ultraviolet radiation, radioactivity, electricity or chemicals, as well as respiratory damage resulting from smoke inhalation, are also considered to be burns (1) . According to the estimates given by World Health Organization (WHO) burn injury results in 265,000 deaths annually, with nearly half of these occurring in the WHO South-East Asia Region (2) . Burn wounds are more prone to infection due to destruction of skin barriers and concomitant suppression of immune responses. Also, burn site provides a favourable niche for microbial colonization and proliferation . Now infections are becoming a leading cause of mortality and currently 75% of all deaths are related to sepsis http://jmscr.igmpublication. org/home/ ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi. org/10.18535/jmscr/v8i8.48
Experimental study on fast pyrolysis of free-falling millimetric biomass particles between 800 degrees °C and 1000 degrees °C

Pyrolysis experiments were performed between 800 ! C and 950 ! C on wood particles with diameters from 350 to 800 lm in a lab-scale drop tube reactor to reproduce surface heat flux representative of gasifiers conditions. It was shown that particle size affected the required pyrolysis time but changed neither gas/tar/char mass yields nor composition of the products at the end of pyrolysis. The initial particle size also affected the resulting char morphology: the larger the biomass particles, the more fibrous the char. Temperature had influence neither on gas/tar/char mass yields nor on gas and solid elemental composition at the end of pyrolysis, but significantly changed the yields of individual gas species. Whatever the conditions tested, a significant shrinkage could be observed on particles during pyrolysis. These experimental results confirm the strong coupling between chemical reactions, particle geometrical properties and heat transfers during pyrolysis under these conditions.
Livestock preference for endophyte-infected or endophyte-free Oxytropis sericea, Ipomoea carnea, and Ipomoea asarifolia

Fungal endophyte-infected forages have been shown to alter herbivore feeding preferences. The objective of this experiment was to compare the preference of cattle, sheep, and goats for plants containing (E+) and not containing (E-) fungal endophytes using freshly harvested Oxytropis sericea, Ipomoea carnea, and Ipomoea asarifolia. Goats and sheep rejected all forage choices regardless of endophyte status except for grass and alfalfa hay. Endophyte status had no influence on cattle forage preferences. Cattle rejected all Oxytropis sericea E+ and Echoices. Cattle discriminated between Ipomoea species, preferring Ipomoea carnea to Ipomoea asarifolia (P = 0.004). In all comparisons, Ipomoea carnea was selected over Ipomoea asarifolia. Cattle did not discriminate between E+ and Eplants of either species (P > 0.33). Cattle preferred E+ Ipomoea carnea over EIpomoea asarifolia (P = 0.03), EIpomoea carnea over EIpomoea asarifolia (P = 0.003), EIpomoea carnea over E+ Ipomoea asarifolia (P = 0.001), and E+ Ipomoea carnea over E+ Ipomoea asarifolia (P = 0.01). Nutritional composition, including nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations, did not explain cattle preferences, as Ipomoea asarifolia contained higher total carbohydrate concentrations than did Ipomoea carnea. The presence of ergot and indole diterpene alkaloids in E+ Ipomoea asarifolia, or swainsonine in E+ Oxytropis sericea and E+ Ipomoea carnea did not influence cattle preference because cattle did not discriminate between Eand E+ plants. This study suggests that for these specific toxic plants, endophyte status plays no part in preferences of grazing cattle. For grazing animals, selection by livestock is related to forage scarcity or low nutrient content in the other available forage.
sl ( : A CASE STUDY

A BSTRACT . The construction of the non-logarithmic conformal (cid:2)eld theory based on b sl ( 2 ) (cid:0) 1 = 2 is revisited. Without resorting to free-(cid:2)eld methods, the determination of the spectrum and fusion rules is streamlined and the b g ghost system is carefully derived as the extended algebra generated by the unique (cid:2)nite-order simple current. A brief discussion of modular invariance is given and the Verlinde formula is explicitly veri(cid:2)ed.
Responses to the Anonymous Referee-1 comments Referee #1 Evaluations: The comments on “Characterization of organic aerosols from a Chinese Mega-City during winter: predominance of fossil fuel combustion” submitted by Haque

Referee #1 Evaluations: The comments on “Characterization of organic aerosols from a Chinese Mega-City during winter: predominance of fossil fuel combustion” submitted by Haque et al. In this study, PM2.5 samples were collected from an urban site in Nanjing, a big city in East China. A comprehensive laboratory analysis was conducted for various organic compounds. Based on the characteristics of different organic compounds, and also the PMF receptor model, the sources of organic aerosols were identified. General speaking, this work has value for the mitigation of the serious air pollution in China. However, this paper suffers some major problems, regarding the writing and organization. Response: We thank the reviewer for the nice summary of our paper and the positive assessment of this work. We have carefully revised the manuscript following the reviewer’s comments and suggestions. Our responses to all comments made by the reviewer are given below. Please refer to the revised MS, in which changes are highlighted in yellow.
A Twisted custodial symmetry in the two-Higgs-doublet model "

In the Standard Model for electroweak interactions, the Higgs sector is known to display a "custodial" symmetry protecting the mass relation m_{W^\pm}^2=m_{W_3}^2 from large corrections. When considering extensions of the scalar sector, this symmetry has to be introduced by hand in order to pass current electroweak precision tests in a natural way. In this Letter we implement a generalized custodial symmetry in the two-Higgs-doublet model. Assuming the invariance of the potential under CP transformations, we prove the existence of a new custodial scenario characterized by m_{H^ \pm}^2=m_{H^0}^2 instead of m_{H^\pm}^2=m_{A^0}^2. Consequently the pseudoscalar A^0 may be much lighter than the charged H^\pm, giving rise to interesting phenomenology. Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX4
Estimation of Population Parameters and Stock Assessment of Penaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards) in the Western Coastal Waters of Sri Lanka

Population parameters of Penaeus indicus, Penaeidae of the artisanal shrimp fishery in the Negombo lagoon and the associated coastal ecosystem on the west coast of Sri Lanka were derived from length frequency data, analyzed using the FiSAT computer program. The asymptotic length (L ¥ ) and growth rate constant (K) were estimated to be 19.2 cm and 1.5 year –1 for males and 19.9 cm and 1.9 year –1 for females. Based on these growth parameters, the estimated values for the fishing mortality coefficients were 1.67 and 2.49 year –1 for males and females respectively. The natural mortality coefficient was estimated at 1.73 year –1 for both sexes. Recruitment for the estuarine environment and the offshore areas was continuous with two peaks per year. The estimated values for length at 50% capture (Lc) for almost all the gear types in the system were less than the estimated sizes at 50% maturity of males and females of P. indicus . The maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and the optimum effort level were estimated at 128.07 MT and 40% of the present effort respectively. The estimated values for the maximum sustainable economic yield (MSE) and the respective effort level were 125.51 MT and 30% of the present effort.
Asymptotic analysis of a Bragg fiber: a multiple scales approach

We develop an asymptotic approach to find the guided modes, and their frequencies, within a Bragg fiber consisting of a cylindrical dielectric core surrounded by concentric cylindrical cladding layers; these fibers have the aim of transporting electromagnetic waves over long distances with minimal transmission losses. We derive a scalar ordinary differential equation eigenvalue problem on a dynamic long-scale that has the details of the short-scale field built into its coefficients, which is then straightforward to solve. The resulting asymptotic results are compared against full numerical solutions and their accuracy verified.
Effects of dietary supplementation of cinnamaldehyde and formic acid on growth performance, intestinal microbiota and immune response in broiler chickens

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) with a combination of essential oil and organic acids (EO + OA) on growth performance, gut microbiota and immune response in broiler chickens. In Experiment 1, 320 day-old broiler chicks were randomly distributed to 32 pens with 10 birds in each pen and the pens were equally allotted to four treatment groups. In Experiment 2, 120 day-old chicks were divided into the same four treatment groups, each group containing three replicated pens with 10 birds in each pen. The groups were (1) Negative Control (NC) without AGP or other growth-promoting feed additives; (2) AGP (NC + enramycin; 125 mg/kg feed; (3) OA (NC + OA; 500 mg/kg feed); and (4) EO + OA (NC + a combination of cinnamaldehyde and calcium formate; 500 mg/kg feed). Experiment 1 lasted for 40 days, whereas Experiment 2 continued for 28 days. In Experiment 2, all birds were orally challenged with Escherichia coli (108 bacteria/bird) on Day 14. Overall intake, growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR) on Day 40 had no difference (P > 0.05) among the groups in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, growth, feed intake and FCR were not affected by any dietary treatments until Day 14, but after being challenged with E. coli, bodyweight gain and FCR improved (P 0.05) the counts of total bacteria, E. coli and Lactobacillus in the contents of ileum and caecum. However, Salmonella counts in the ileal and caecal contents decreased (P < 0.001) for AGP, OA and EO + OA compared with NC group. Clostridium counts were lower for EO + OA group than for NC and AGP groups in the ileum, and for AGP, OA and EO + OA groups than for NC in the caeca (P < 0.05). Antibody titer on Day 35 against Newcastle disease vaccine was higher in EO + OA group than in NC, AGP and OA groups (P < 0.001). In conclusion, EO + OA did not affect growth and FCR in broilers. However, AGP and EO + AO improved growth performance and FCR after being challenged with E. coli. Moreover, EO + OA was effective in reducing the Clostridium count in the small intestine and caecum and increasing the villus height and antibody titer against Newcastle disease vaccine.
Seroprevalence and Factors Associated with Herpes simplex virus type 2 Infection in Women and their Newborns in Douala, Cameroon

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are among the most widespread sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs) all over the world. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with HSV-2 infection among women and their newborns. A two-month cross sectional and prospective study took place at the District hospital of Deido in the town of Douala, Cameroon. A total of 90 mothers aged 17-42 years old attending this health facility because of pediatric consultation and vaccinations of their newborns were included in the study. Blood samples were obtained from each mother and newborn, centrifuged and obtained sera were used to look for Immunoglobulin against HSV using ELISA-based method. In addition, complementary data of mothers and their newborns were documented. Mean age of mother and newborns was 28.9 ± 3.5 years old and 5.2 ± 4.1 months respectively. The prevalence of Herpes simplex virus type 2 was 90% (95% CI: 83.8 – 96.2) and 74.7% (95% CI: 65.7 – 83.7) in mothers and their babies respectively. The rate of postnatal HSV-2 transmission was of 10.3% (95%CI = 82.4% – 97.0%). Neonates aged 1-3 months and 4-6 months was 31 (OR = 30.7; 95%CI = 5.7 – 163.7; P-value < 0.0001) and 7 (OR= 6.9; 95%CI =1.2 – 37.3; P-value < 0.0001) times more at risk for HSV-2 infections than older ones. This study pointed out a high prevalence of Herpes simplex Virus type-2 in mothers and their babies. Clinicians should be aware of including HSV infections in the differential, how recognize and properly treat neonatal HSV infections with the ultimate aim to efficiently mitigate mother-to-child transmission.
Summary of the effects of Caribbean hurricanes on vegetation.

PAPERS IN THIS ISSUE OF BIOTROPICA treat the effects of hurricanes on forest vegetation in Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, South Carolina, Jamaica, and the Yucatan Peninsula. Using a diversity of research approaches, the authors studied hurricane damage to vegetation and recorded short-term (<2 yr) patterns of vegetation response. We summarize these papers and some other recent studies, and we discuss possible longer term patterns of vegetation recovery. Tanner et al. ( 1991) place these studies of hurricane damage in a broader context and suggest directions for future research.
Modelling of Photovoltaic Modules Optical Losses Due to Saharan Dust Deposition in Dakar, Senegal, West Africa

This study aims to evaluate the optical losses of photovoltaic modules due to Saharan dust deposition in Dakar, Senegal, West Africa. For this purpose, an air-dust-glass system is modeled to simulate optical losses in transmittance and reflectance. To do this, we have collected dust samples from Photo-Voltaic (PV) surface in Dakar area (14°42'N latitude, 17°28'W longitude), Senegal. X-ray fluorescence reveals that silicon (Si), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) mainly composed these dust samples. Then, dust refractive indices obtained from an ellipsometer were used as an input to be used in the model. Simulations show that for radiation (at normal incidence) arriving on a dust layer of 30 μm-thick (corresponding to a dust deposit of 1.63 g/m2), 79% of the visible spectrum is transmitted; 19% is reflected and 2% is absorbed. Overall, the transmittance decreases by more than 50% as of dust layer of 70 μm-thick corresponding to a dust deposit of 3.3 g/m2.
DOUBLE THRESHOLD BASED METHOD FOR PERSON RE-IDENTIFICATION USING SIGNIFICANT COLOUR MATCHING IN THE SPATIAL CORRESPONDENCE REGIONS

Person re-identification is a technique which has an objective to identify a person captured in different views in a community space monitored by network of numerous non-overlapping surveillance cameras. For better view over a region, surveillance camera is usually placed at a height more than person ’ s height. With this set up, getting the facial features of the person becomes very difficult. Moreover, the cameras used will be of less resolution and other conditions including view angle, lighting conditions, occlusion and pose change are amongst the challenges which prevents to get essential facial features from the person ’ s image. In this paper we have proposed double threshold-based person re-identification using significant colour matching in the spatial correspondence regions, which uses clothing colour as key feature to re-identify a person. Experiments are conducted on images in underground re-identiﬁcation (GRID) dataset and results of the Cumulative Matching Characteristic (CMC) curve in evaluation with existing methods establish the efficiency of our method for person re-identification. With this proposed method we have achieved the first rank accuracy as 40.1% with the GRID database.
Xylanase production by a wild strain of Aspergillus nidulans

A wild strain of Aspergillus nidulans isolated from soil produce cellulase-free xylanase activity when developed on submerged cultures using corn cob powder as the main substrate. Maximum xylanase production (220 U/mL) was obtained when the strain was developed in mineral medium supplemented with 3% (w/v) corn cob for 6 days. SDS- PAGE revealed the occurrence of four isoxylanases with molecular weights of 50, 43, 20 and 18 kDa. Crude xylanase was resistant to acetone precipitation with 80% of recovery. The enzyme had optimal activity at pH values between 5.0 and 6.0 and temperature between 50-55 o C. The enzyme exhibited high stability under alkaline conditions and temperature up to 55 o C. It retained 50% and 23% of its activity when heated for 1 h at 60 and 65 o C, respectively.
Influence of epoch length on measurement of light physical activity in the elderly: A technical analysis

Aims: To clarify how epoch lengths of accelerometers affect measurement of physical activity in elderly people. Methods: The data was based on 70 elderly people (72.6 ± 5.4 years) living in Japan between 2017 and 2018. Furthermore, we used data obtained from triaxial accelerometers that the subjects wore for more than 10 hours every day for 7 days. We evaluated light physical activity (2.9 Mets or less) and further grouped it into sedentary behaviour (SB, 1.5 Mets or less) and Light Intensity Physical Activity (LIPA, between 1.6 and 2.9 Mets). We also compared 10-second epoch lengths (ELs) to 60-second ELs (%) by Bayesian estimation. Results: In 2017 and 2018, SB at 10-second ELs was longer than at 60-second ELs (55.5 vs. 50.4% in 2017; 55.7 vs. 48.9% in 2018); however, LIPA at 10-second ELs was shorter than at 60-second ELs (35.0 vs. 42.3% in 2017; 35.0 vs. 44.5% in 2018). The Bayesian factor varied between 3.0x10 12 and 3.2x10 24 . The robustness of the Bayesian factor was confirmed by the robustness check. Furthermore, effect sizes were between |1.68| and |3.00|. Conclusion: ELs of the accelerometer may affect measurement of physical activity in elderly people. Thus, SB at 10-second ELs may be longer than at 60-second ELs and may be the reverse for LIPA.