Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution studies of atmosphere‐ionosphere coupling at Arecibo Observatory, Puerto Rico

Very accurate measurements of electron density can be made at Arecibo Observatory, Puerto Rico, by applying the coded long‐pulse (CLP) radar technique [Sulzer, 1986a] to plasma line echoes from daytime photoelectrons [Djuth et al., 1994]. In the lower thermosphere above Arecibo, background neutral waves couple to the ionospheric plasma, typically yielding ∼1–3% electron density “imprints” of the waves. These imprints are present in all observations made to date; they are decisively detected at 30–60 standard deviations above the “noise level” imposed by the measurement technique. Complementary analysis and modeling efforts provide strong evidence that these fluctuations are caused by internal gravity waves. Properties of the neutral waves such as their period and vertical wavelength are closely mirrored by the electron density fluctuations. Frequency spectra of the fluctuations exhibit a high‐frequency cutoff consistent with calculated values of the Brunt‐Väisälä frequency. Vertical half wavelengths are typically in the range 2–25 km between 115‐ and 160‐km altitude, and the corresponding phase velocities are always directed downward. Some waves have vertical wavelengths short enough to be quenched by kinematic viscosity. In general, the observed electron density imprints are relatively “clean” in that their vertical wavelength spectrum is characteristically narrow‐banded. It is estimated that perturbations in the horizontal wind field as small as 2–4 m/s can give rise to the observed electron density fluctuations. However, the required wind speed can be significantly greater depending on the orientation of the neutral wave's horizontal wave vector relative to the geomagnetic field. Limited observations with extended altitude coverage indicate that wave imprints can be detected at thermospheric heights as high as 500 km.
Effect and safety of anaprazole in the treatment of duodenal ulcers: a randomized, rabeprazole-controlled, phase III non-inferiority study

Abstract Background: The pharmacokinetic and clinical behaviors of many proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in peptic ulcer treatment are altered by CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms. This non-inferiority study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the novel PPI anaprazole compared with rabeprazole. We also explored the influence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection status and CYP2C19 polymorphism on anaprazole. Methods: In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, positive-drug parallel-controlled, phase III study, Chinese patients with duodenal ulcers were randomized 1:1 to receive rabeprazole 10 mg + anaprazole placebo or rabeprazole placebo + anaprazole 20 mg once daily for 4 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the 4-week ulcer healing rate assessed by blinded independent review. Secondary endpoints were the proportion of patients with improved overall and individual duodenal ulcer symptoms at 4 weeks. Furthermore, exploratory subgroup analysis of the primary endpoint by H. pylori status and CYP2C19 polymorphism was conducted. Adverse events were monitored for safety. Non-inferiority analysis was conducted for the primary endpoint. Results: The study enrolled 448 patients (anaprazole, n = 225; rabeprazole, n = 223). The 4-week healing rates were 90.9% and 93.7% for anaprazole and rabeprazole, respectively (difference, −2.8% [95% confidence interval, −7.7%, 2.2%]), demonstrating non-inferiority of anaprazole to rabeprazole. Overall duodenal ulcer symptoms improved in 90.9% and 92.5% of patients, respectively. Improvement rates of individual symptoms were similar between the groups. Healing rates did not significantly differ by H. pylori status or CYP2C19 genotype for either treatment group. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events was similar for anaprazole (72/220, 32.7%) and rabeprazole (84/219, 38.4%). Conclusions: The efficacy of anaprazole is non-inferior to that of rabeprazole in Chinese patients with duodenal ulcers. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04215653.
Prognostic Outcome of Mesenchymal Transition Biomarkers in Correlation with EGFR Expression in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma Patients

Background: CD44 is an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) surface receptor that regulates the interactivity between the cells and the extracellular matrix, thereby promoting cell migration. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family is a trans-membrane kinase-related protein. It regulates cell adhesion proteins, which may promote cell proliferation and invasiveness. Mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET) is another EMT receptor that stimulates cell proliferation, invasion, survival, and angiogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of CD44, EGFR expressions, and MET gene amplification in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study, including 85 cases of EOC. CD44 and EGFR expressions were evaluated in both epithelial and stromal cells by immunohistochemistry. Tumor cells also underwent a cytogenetic analysis using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to detect MET gene amplification. Results: High CD44 expression in tumors was significantly associated with serous subtypes (P=0.001), peritoneal deposits (P=0.002), and advanced stage (P=0.002). EGFR high tumor expression demonstrated a significant association with lymph node metastasis (P=0.038) and the advanced stage of EOC (P=0.016). Increased copy number of the MET gene was significantly associated with partial therapy response (P=0.030). CD44 and EGFR tumor high expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS). In addition, MET gene gain in tumors was associated with a shorter OS (P=0.000). Conclusion: EMT biomarkers (CD44 and MET) and EGFR expression in EOC are independent prognostic factors for OS. MET gene increase copy number was detected in cases of serous neoplasm and associated with poor survival and minimal therapy response.
The Effects of the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field

This article replies to a methodological criticism of Orme-Johnson et al., (1988). The original study reported that participants in the Transcendental Meditation (TM) and TM-Sidhi program located in Jerusalem significantly reduced tension in “collective consciousness” and behavior as measured by decreased conflict in Lebanon and improvement on several social indicators in Israel. Specification of the independent variable on the basis of political boundaries rather than geographical distance alone was shown to be consistent with both theory and forty other studies. It is explained how “reverse causation” cannot account for observed effects. Also, reanalyses show that the results are robust across fourteen alternative transfer function models. Using a purely objective criterion for model selection, the Akaike Information Criterion, the optimal model yields the most significant result (t=5, p <.0001). Liu's linear transfer function approach yields similar results. Other robustness checks (substituting “pseudo” independent or dependent variables) do not yield spurious results.
Band gap engineering and stimulated emission of ZnMgO nanowires

We report a simple method for fabricating heterostructured ZnMgO nanowires by annealing the preformed ZnO∕MgO core-shell structure. Photoluminescence from the alloy nanowires shows strong near-band-edge (NBE) emission, reflecting good material quality. A blueshift of the NBE emission at room temperature after the annealing treatment is attributed to the diffusion of Mg from the shell into the core ZnO of the nanowires to form a ternary ZnMgO alloy. Band gap engineering and stimulated emissions of ZnMgO nanowires with different Mg doping concentrations are also demonstrated.
Bacteremia (Sepsis), Hepatorenal Syndrome, and Serum Creatinine Levels Rather than Types or Microbial Patterns Predicted the Short-Term Survival of Cirrhotic Patients Complicated with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis

(1) Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a major and severe complication in cirrhosis patients with ascites. Over the years, advance in antibiotic treatment has led to changes in microbial patterns in some regions, including the emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases resistant (ESBL)-producing bacteria and an increase in Gram-positive bacteria (GPC). In addition, three SBP types (classic SBP, culture-negative neutrophilic ascites (CNNA), and monomicrobial non-neutrocytic bacterascites (MNB)), may also have different prognoses. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the microbial pattern and the predictors of short-term outcomes in patients with SBP. (2) Methods: Patients discharged with a diagnosis of the first episode of SBP between January 2006 and July 2017 were enrolled. Patients’ clinical, demographic, hematological, and biochemical data were obtained at diagnosis, and the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD)-based scores were calculated accordingly. Patients were followed up until February 2018 or until death. (3) Results: A total of 327 patients were analyzed. The prevalence of classic SBP was nearly equivalent to CNNA. As for the microbial pattern, Gram-negative bacillus (GNB) remained more prevalent than GPC (75 vs. 25%), with E. coli being the most common bacterial species, followed by K. Pneumoniae and then Staphylococcus. The percentage of ESBL strain in culture-positive patients was 10.9%. By univariable and multivariable logistic regression survival analysis, there was no significant difference in predicting short-term mortality among the three SBP types, neither between GNB vs. GPC nor between ESBL- and non-ESBL-producing bacteria. Only bacteremia (sepsis), hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), and serum creatinine (Cr) were independent predictors of in-hospital and 3-month mortality, whereas HRS and Cr were independent predictors of 6-month mortality. (4) Conclusions: SBP types, Gram stain result, and ESBL strain did not affect survival. Only bacteremia (sepsis), HRS, and serum Cr independently predicted the short-term mortality in patients with SBP.
X-ray binaries in the Milky Way and other galaxies

We performed a study of the X-ray binary population in the Milky Way. The results of this study, spatial distribution and in particular luminosity function, can be used for comparison with the X-ray binary populations of other galaxies. In the second part we give an example by investigating the connection between the star formation rate and the high mass X-ray binary population in galaxies observed by CHANDRA.
A Computer Simulation of SARS-CoV-2 Mutation Spectra for Empirical Data Characterization and Analysis

It is very important to compute the mutation spectra, and simulate the intra-host mutation processes by sequencing data, which is not only for the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 genetic mechanism, but also for epidemic prediction, vaccine, and drug design. However, the current intra-host mutation analysis algorithms are not only inaccurate, but also the simulation methods are unable to quickly and precisely predict new SARS-CoV-2 variants generated from the accumulation of mutations. Therefore, this study proposes a novel accurate strand-specific SARS-CoV-2 intra-host mutation spectra computation method, develops an efficient and fast SARS-CoV-2 intra-host mutation simulation method based on mutation spectra, and establishes an online analysis and visualization platform. Our main results include: (1) There is a significant variability in the SARS-CoV-2 intra-host mutation spectra across different lineages, with the major mutations from G- > A, G- > C, G- > U on the positive-sense strand and C- > U, C- > G, C- > A on the negative-sense strand; (2) our mutation simulation reveals the simulation sequence starts to deviate from the base content percentage of Alpha-CoV/Delta-CoV after approximately 620 mutation steps; (3) 2019-NCSS provides an easy-to-use and visualized online platform for SARS-Cov-2 online analysis and mutation simulation.
Study of the Difference Between Centric Occlusion and Retruded Contact Position

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the difference between retruded contact position (RCP) and centric occlusion (CO) at the level of mandibular condyles. Materials and methods: Study included 20 completely dentate participants (average 24.4 ± 1.2 years). All recordings of the condylar deviations were measured with the use of the ultrasound mandibular recording device with six degrees of freedom. CO was determined using active method of centric relation recording (participants were trained to stationary hinge and maintain the position of the lower jaw at the first tooth contact/contacts). RCP was determined with passive method of centric relation recording (chin point guidance). RCP and CO deviations to the reference position (habitual occlusion) were recorded with the use of the mandibular recording device at the level of x (anterior – posterior), y (vertical) and z (lateral) axes. Linear RCP and CO deviations (from the habitual occlusion) were measured. Descriptive statistics was measured, and the RCP and CO deviation values were compared using independent samples T test. Results: Average linear condylar deviation values for the CO were 1.30 ± 1.14 mm, and 2.13 ± 1.89 mm for the RCP. Independent samples T test showed statistically significant difference between RCP and CO linear deviation values (α=0.021). Conclusions: There is a difference in the positioning of the condyle within temporomandibular joint, with passive or active centric relation recording methods. CO and RCP can be identified as different occlusal positions.
Urban Heat Island Research in Phoenix, Arizona: Theoretical Contributions and Policy Applications

Over the past 60 years, metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona, has been among the fastest-growing urban areas in the United States, and this rapid urbanization has resulted in an urban heat island (UHI) of substantial size and intensity. During this time, an uncommon amount of UHI-specific research, relative to other cities in North America, occurred within its boundaries. This review investigates the possible reasons and motivations underpinning the large body of work, as well as summarizing specific themes, approaches, and theoretical contributions arising from such study. It is argued that several factors intrinsic to Phoenix were responsible for the prodigious output: strong applied urban climate research partnerships between several agencies (such as the academy, the National Weather Service, private energy firms, and municipal governments); a high-quality, long-standing network of urban meteorological stations allowing for relatively fine spatial resolution of near-surface temperature data; and a high level.
Delivery of tobramycin coupled to iron oxide nanoparticles across the biofilm of mucoidal Pseudonomas aeruginosa and investigation of its efficacy

Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterium is a deadly pathogen, leading to respiratory failure in cystic fibrosis and nosocomial pneumonia, and responsible for high mortality rates in these diseases. P. aeruginosa has inherent as well as acquired resistance to many drug classes. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of two classes; aminoglycoside (tobramycin) and fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin) administered alone, as well as conjugated to iron oxide (magnetite) nanoparticles. P. aeruginosa possesses the ability to quickly alter its genetics to impart resistance to the presence of new, unrecognized treatments. As a response to this impending public health threat, we have synthesized and characterized magnetite nanoparticles capped with biodegradable short-chain carboxylic acid derivatives conjugated to common antibiotic drugs. The functionalized nanoparticles may carry the drug past the mucus and biofilm layers to target the bacterial colonies via magnetic gradient-guided transport. Additionally, the magnetic ferrofluid may be used under application of an oscillating magnetic field to raise the local temperature, causing biofilm disruption, slowed growth, and mechanical disruption. These abilities of the ferrofluid would also treat multi-drug resistant strains, which appear to be increasing in many nosocomial as well as acquired opportunistic infections. In this in vitro model, we show that the iron oxide alone can also inhibit bacterial growth and biofilm formation.
Significance of lightning‐generated whistlers to inner radiation belt electron lifetimes

The behavior of high-energy electrons trapped in the Earth's Van Allen radiation belts has been extensively studied, through both experimental and theoretical techniques. While the evidence for whistler induced electron precipitation (WEP) from the radiation belts is overwhelming, and the mechanisms behind WEP are well understood, the overall significance of WEP on radiation belt loss rates has not been clear. In this paper we investigate the L-shell variation and significance of WEP-driven loss of Van Allen belt electrons by combining in situ measurements of electron precipitation, local WEP rates determined from Trimpi perturbations, and global lightning distributions. Our modeling suggests that long-term WEP driven losses are more significant than all other inner radiation belt loss processes for electron kinetic energies in the range similar to50-150 keV in the L-shell range L=2-2.4. These calculated lifetimes are comparable to the observed decay rates of artificially injected high-energy electrons. The upper energy limit of the WEP significance range increases with decreasing L to similar to225 keV at L=2. For electron energies above this range manmade VLF transmitters and plasmaspheric hiss should dominate over all other loss processes. However, as our lifetimes are based on rather conservative parameter estimates, these conclusions should represent the lower bounds for the energy ranges over which WEP losses are significant. For lower L-shells the coupling of lightning activity to the production of WEP events rapidly decreases, such that by Lsimilar to1.7 WEP will be unimportant in the overall loss processes.
Tracking change in group interventions: a further adaptation of the innovative moments coding system for groups

In group psychotherapy research, there are few reliable measures for tracking members’ change. This study proposes a further adaptation of the Innovative Moment Coding System for Groups (IMCS-G), a reliable method previously developed in one format of group intervention for detecting innovative moments (IMs). IMs are exceptions to the clients’ problematic narratives, organized in different levels of complexity in terms of meaning elaboration (Level 1, 2, and 3). IMCS-G consists of 7 categories (Self-Directed, Other-Directed, Explicit Mirroring, Prompting change, Reinforcing change, Collective, Voice of Group) organized in two macro-categories: Individual (e.g., change was narrated by a single participant) and Group IMs (e.g., change was co-constructed by more than one participant). Two reliable coders applied the IMCS-G to analyse the transcripts of nine sessions of a counselling group addressed to underachieving university students (N=10) and eight sessions of a brief group psychotherapy targeted to substance abusers (N=8). Agreement and reliability for IMCS-G categories and their Levels were calculated. Consistently with previous studies, a strong agreement and reliability for IMCS-G categories and Levels were found in both group interventions. Furthermore, despite some differences in the frequency of IMCS-G categories and Levels, in both interventions, there was a higher frequency of Self-Directed IMs, a lower frequency of the Explicit Mirroring IMs, and a higher frequency of Level 3 Group IMs in comparision with Level 3 Individual IMs. This study confirmed the reliability of IMCS-G in different group interventions, but it also suggested rooms of improvement for some IMCS-G categories.
A Deep Detection Model based on Multi-task Learning for Appearance Defect of Solid Propellants

Solid propellants (SPs), as a high-energy material, are commonly used in military and industrial power systems, such as solid rocket and missiles. The SPs, however, confronts severe difficulties of inevitable defects while being made, thus bringing about the significance of inspection. However, the literatures before typically tackled this problem separately, which subsequently combines different models for the variety of defect patterns. Despite of the effectiveness, this act of matters usually brings excessive complexity and additionally computational burden. In this article, we managed to solve this problem in an integrated framework, which unite both the size detection task and shape detection task at the same time, but with different training strategies. To be specific, our framework is mostly consisted of two stage. Firstly, the SPs region is output using a semantic segmentation network, and size measurements are completed with traditional image processing to determine the size defects of the SPs. Then, the depth features of the segmentation network are combined with the semantic segmentation map to make a spatial attention mechanism, which is input to the deep classifier to complete the shape defect detection. The focus of model is gradually shifted from the segmentation task to the classification task as the number of training sessions increases by introducing dynamic balancing factors. The experimental results show that the multi-task learning approach can greatly improve the generalization and robustness of the model, and the accuracy and speed are improved for appearance defect detection of SPs.
Silovscher Rand und Dirichletsches Problem

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PUBLIC PROCUREMENT AS A DEMAND-SIDE INNOVATION POLICY IN BURKINA FASO: THE NECESSITY TO SEARCH FOR FAILURE SOURCES

In developed countries, public procurement is used to incentivize private companies to invest in innovation. But, governments of developing countries fail to do as much. However, since the size of the market in these countries is small, obtaining and carrying out large public contracts are opportunities that private companies must seize in order to innovate. This present research analyzes the effect of public procurement on the incentive of private companies to innovate. We use primary data collected from private companies participating in large public tenders in Burkina Faso. The results obtained from probit model with instrumental variables (IV probit) show that public procurement effectively exerts positive externalities on the incentive of private companies to innovate. However, to further increase the influence of public procurement on the private companies’ incentive to innovate, the government needs to ensure that the procurement process is free from imperfections such as corruption and information asymmetries that may limit their efficiency in this area. Keywords: Public Procurement, Innovation, Private Enterprises, Corruption, Burkina Faso. JEL Codes: D21, L14, O31.