Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fractional Diffusion Emulates a Human Mobility Network during a Simulated Disease Outbreak

From footpaths to flight routes, human mobility networks facilitate the spread of communicable diseases. Control and elimination efforts depend on characterizing these networks in terms of connections and flux rates of individuals between contact nodes. In some cases, transport can be parameterized with gravity-type models or approximated by a diffusive random walk. As a alternative, we have isolated intranational commercial air traffic as a case study for the utility of non-diffusive, heavy-tailed transport models. We implemented new stochastic simulations of a prototypical influenza-like infection, focusing on the dense, highly-connected United States air travel network. We show that mobility on this network can be described mainly by a power law, in agreement with previous studies. Remarkably, we find that the global evolution of an outbreak on this network is accurately reproduced by a two-parameter space-fractional diffusion equation, such that those parameters are determined by the air travel network.
The Anonymization Protection Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Clustering for the Ego of Data in the Internet of Things

In order to enhance the enthusiasm of the data provider in the process of data interaction and improve the adequacy of data interaction, we put forward the concept of the ego of data and then analyzed the characteristics of the ego of data in the Internet of Things (IOT) in this paper. We implement two steps of data clustering for the Internet of things; the first step is the spatial location of adjacent fuzzy clustering, and the second step is the sampling time fuzzy clustering. Equivalent classes can be obtained through the two steps. In this way we can make the data with layout characteristics to be classified into different equivalent classes, so that the specific location information of the data can be obscured, the layout characteristics of tags are eliminated, and ultimately anonymization protection would be achieved. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can greatly improve the efficiency of protection of the data in the interaction with others in the incompletely open manner, without reducing the quality of anonymization and enhancing the information loss. The anonymization data set generated by this method has better data availability, and this algorithm can effectively improve the security of data exchange.
A micromachined piezoelectric PZT-based cantilever in d33 mode

This paper presents the design and analysis of a piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film microcantilever operating in d33 mode. The modal and harmonic response analysis of the PZT/ZrO2/SiO2/Si cantilever beam structure was implemented using the ANSYS software. The simulation results showed the dimensions of the cantilever and the interdigital electrode in terms of resonance frequency and generated output, respectively. The resonance frequencies of the structure were in the range of 3–18.6 kHz through the beam length from 2000 μm to 200 μm. The fabrication process of the cantilever was presented in detail with attention to the sol-gel process of both PZT and ZrO2 films. The PZT thin films exhibit good ferroelectric properties with a remnant polarization of 20 μC/cm2.
Periodic structures eigenanalysis incorporating the Floquet Field Expansion

The current work elaborates on the study of periodic structures loaded either with anisotropic or isotropic media. An eigenanalysis methodology is adopted using Finite Difference in Frequency Domain (FDFD) in order to evaluate the Floquet wavenumbers. An eigenvalue problem is addressed and solved with Arnoldi iterative Algorithm. The periodicity of the structure is accounted in two alternative approaches. Initially Periodic Boundary Conditions (PBCs) are imposed on the periodic surfaces whose results found to be in a very good agreement with analytical ones. However, there is a deviation when the phase difference between periodic surfaces rise above 150 degrees. In order to get more accurate results, a Floquet Field Expansion is incorporated into the FDFD formulation. Also, adaptive meshing is employed for the accurate study of very fine discontinuities. In turn certain periodic structures loaded with anisotropic media are simulated in order to reveal the so-called Frozen Modes.
Latent Dirichlet Allocation Uncovers Spectral Characteristics of Drought Stressed Plants

Understanding the adaptation process of plants to drought stress is essential in improving management practices, breeding strategies as well as engineering viable crops for a sustainable agriculture in the coming decades. Hyper-spectral imaging provides a particularly promising approach to gain such understanding since it allows to discover non-destructively spectral characteristics of plants governed primarily by scattering and absorption characteristics of the leaf internal structure and biochemical constituents. Several drought stress indices have been derived using hyper-spectral imaging. However, they are typically based on few hyper-spectral images only, rely on interpretations of experts, and consider few wavelengths only. In this study, we present the first data-driven approach to discovering spectral drought stress indices, treating it as an unsupervised labeling problem at massive scale. To make use of short range dependencies of spectral wavelengths, we develop an online variational Bayes algorithm for latent Dirichlet allocation with convolved Dirichlet regularizer. This approach scales to massive datasets and, hence, provides a more objective complement to plant physiological practices. The spectral topics found conform to plant physiological knowledge and can be computed in a fraction of the time compared to existing LDA approaches.
Ordered Pattern Matching: Towards Full-Text Retrieval

A typical query in Information Retrieval consists of multiple keywords, and the target is to retrieve matching documents. Various selection heuristics and ranking criteria are based on the proximity of keywords. For this purpose, it helps if the positions of the keywords in the document are listed in sorted order. For traditional documents consisting of lists of words, existing data structures like inverted indexes serve this purpose well. In this paper, we extend the study to full-text searching where each document is a single string of characters; this problem is well motivated in biological sequence mining. A key building block for such a functionality is a set of queries which can perform pattern matching with constraints on text positions. Let T[O.n 11 be the text. We preprocess this text and build a data structure to answer the following queries efficiently: (1) Given a pattern P , a position p and a rank k, output the position of the kth (in text order) occurrence of P in Tlp.n 11, and (2) Given a pattern P, and positions i and j , report (or count) all occurrences of P in T[i. j]. Then, we show how to use these queries to solve various problems including document retrieval, proximity searching and aligned pattern matching. One point to notice is that: Each of the above queries can also be considered as a two-dimensional range query, and there are existing geometric data structures with good query performance. Nevertheless, the design of our data structure follows an alternative approach, which is based on augmenting a binary search tree with bit dictionaries.
Information Leakage Neutralization for the Multi-Antenna Non-Regenerative Relay-Assisted Multi-Carrier Interference Channel

In heterogeneous dense networks where spectrum is shared, users' privacy remains one of the major challenges. On a multi-antenna relay-assisted multi-carrier interference channel, each user shares the spectral and spatial resources with all other users. When the receivers are not only interested in their own signals but also in eavesdropping other users' signals, the cross talk on the spectral and spatial channels becomes information leakage. In this paper, we propose a novel secrecy rate enhancing relay strategy that utilizes both spectral and spatial resources, termed as information leakage neutralization. To this end, the relay matrix is chosen such that the effective channel from the transmitter to the colluding eavesdropper is equal to the negative of the effective channel over the relay to the colluding eavesdropper and thus the information leakage to zero. Interestingly, the optimal relay matrix in general is not block-diagonal which encourages users' encoding over the frequency channels. We proposed two information leakage neutralization strategies, namely efficient information leakage neutralization (EFFIN) and local-optimized information leakage neutralization (LOPTIN). EFFIN provides a simple and efficient design of relay processing matrix and precoding matrices at the transmitters in the scenario of limited power and computational resources. LOPTIN, despite its higher complexity, provides a better sum secrecy rate performance by optimizing the relay processing matrix and the precoding matrices jointly. The proposed methods are shown to improve the sum secrecy rates over several state-of-the-art baseline methods.
Geographic variation in reproductive success of Stenocereus thurberi (Cactaceae): Effects of pollination timing and pollinator guild.

UNLABELLED PREMISE OF THE STUDY It has been proposed that species of columnar cacti from dry tropical areas depend on bats for their reproduction, whereas species from dry subtropical areas are also pollinated by other species. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of pollinator guild and of variation in time and space on the reproductive success of a widespread species. • METHODS Changes in fruit set, seed set, and pollinator activity through time were recorded in three widely separated populations of Stenocereus thurberi. Breeding system and sources of pollination limitation were determined by controlled pollinator exclusions in each population. • KEY RESULTS Significant differences were found in the timing of activity and in the effectiveness of pollinators among sites. In the northern and central populations, reproductive success depends on bats, whereas in the southern population a combination of pollinators was more effective. No difference between open and hand cross-pollination treatments was found in the northern and central populations, which suggests no pollen limitation. However, significant differences were detected in the southern population, which indicates temporal differences in pollinator abundance or arrival time. • CONCLUSIONS Local variation in pollinator assemblages and reproductive success could greatly affect the evolution of pollination systems. The pattern of generalist pollination in the southernmost populations and specialized pollination in the central and northern populations contradicts the hypothesis of latitudinal variation. In the absence of nocturnal pollinators, the accumulated nectar can sustain visits by diurnal pollinators, a bet-hedging strategy that increases the chances of fruit set in some populations.
BOOK REVIEW

Developing grounded theory. The second generation is a very useful and clarifying book arisen from a one-day symposium on advances in qualitative methods in Alberta, 2007. The conference was sponsored by the International Institute for Qualitative Methodology (IIQM). For the first time, the students of Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss, “the second generation” of grounded theory researchers, met to discuss grounded theory and its developments. With the exception of Janice Morse, the authors of this book worked directly with Anselm Strauss and Barney Glaser. In this volume they provide a description of the history, principles and practice of the grounded theory methods.
Comparative Genomics Via Phylogenetic Invariants For Jukes-Cantor Semigroups

We review the theory of invariants as it has been developed for comparing the DNA sequences of homologous genes from phylogenetically related species, with particular attention to the semigroups used to model sequence evolution. We also outline the computational theory of genome rearrangements, including the optimization problems in calculating edit distances between genomes and the simpler notion of breakpoint distance. The combinatorics of rearrangements, involving non-local changes in the relative order of genes in the genome, are more complex than the base substitutions responsible for gene sequence evolution. Nevertheless we can construct models of gene order evolution through symmetry assumptions about disruptions of gene adjacencies. Based on the extended Jukes-Cantor semigroup that emerges from this modeling, we derive a complete set of linear phylogenetic invariants. We use these invariants to relate mitochondrial genomes from a number of animal phyla and compare the results to parsimony trees also based on gene adjacencies and to minimal breakpoint trees. 1. Invariants for models of sequence evolution Consider the aligned DNA sequences: X 1 · · ·X (1) n , · · · , X 1 · · ·X (N) n , all of length n, representing N species whose history of evolutionary divergence, or phylogeny, is represented by a tree T with vertex set V and edge set E, as in Figure 1. The terminal vertices represent observed, or present-day, species. The non-terminal vertices represent hypothetical ancestral species. For each i, the X i are the terminal points of a trajectory indexed by T, taking on values in the alphabet of bases {A,C,G,T}. This trajectory is a sample from a process described by |E| 4× 4 Markov matrices with positive determinant all belonging to the same semigroup, one matrix associated to each of the edges in E. Such semigroups have been proposed by Jukes and Cantor [46], Kimura [51, 52], Tajima and Nei [75], 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 92D15, 60J27; Secondary 68Q25, 13P10.
Capabilities Revisited : A Holistic Approach to Bottom-to-Top Assurance of Trustworthy Systems

Long active in computer security, our two laboratories have jointly begun a new total-system effort to develop a hierarchically layered high-assurance strongly typed capability-based system. While capabilities have long been proposed as a mechanism for mapping language structure and security policy into the hardware protection mechanism, they have seen relatively little use in general-purpose computing. A confluence of events has created the opportunity for new research, and perhaps technology transfer: soft core FPGAs, increased risk of attack even in consumer environments, and a renewed interest in revising the hardware-software interface. Capability Hardware Enhanced RISC Instructions (CHERI) will blend traditional RISC CPU instructions with new capability facilities, offering the promise of hybrid software designs easing incremental adoption. This paper represents an early-stage description of the approach and goals.
Wildfire and Weather Radar: A Review

Research in the pursuit of better understanding of fire behavior and fire‐atmosphere interaction has frequently encountered a dearth of observational data, especially from events that cause most impact. Here we show that meteorological radar has been demonstrated as an effective tool for profiling the microphysics, thermodynamics, and fire behavior feedback of wildfire plumes, including for cases with deep and moist convection occurring in the fire plume. A synthesis of knowledge on the use of radar for the analysis of wildfire is presented, and the new term pyrometeor is introduced to describe the range of scatterers observed by radar, the reflectivity signature of which is determined by interacting processes of wildfire behavior and atmospheric convection. The reflectivity theories of pyrometeors are compared, and it is shown that there are gaps in knowledge on the size distributions of pyrometeors as well as the complex dielectrics. Observational case studies are compared across plume microphysics, plume thermodynamics and deep pyroconvection, and operational usage of radar to monitor wildfire. The dominant hypothesis of reflectivity is scattering from ash particles, though theories for scattering such as from larger debris exist, although evidence is limited for any hypothesis. Vortices have also been identified using Doppler velocity radar data, but there is limited understanding of their cause and influence on fire‐atmosphere interactions. Recommendations are provided for methods and data sets to advance the application of radar for observing and understanding wildfires, including for plume microphysics and atmosphere‐fire interactions.
Performance of MIMO-NOMA Downlink Transmissions

In this paper, a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) downlink scenario is considered, in which all nodes are equipped with multiple antennas. A new design of precoding and detection matrices for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) downlink transmissions is proposed and its performance is analyzed by using the criteria of outage probabilities and diversity orders. To further enlarge the performance gap between MIMO-NOMA and conventional orthogonal multiple access schemes, user pairing is applied to NOMA and its impact on the system performance is characterized. Finally computer simulation results are provided to facilitate the performance evaluation of MIMO- NOMA and also demonstrate the accuracy of the developed analytical results.
Genome Sequence of Avirulent Riemerella anatipestifer Strain RA-JLLY

ABSTRACT Riemerella anatipestifer is an important bacterial pathogen associated with epizootic infections in waterfowl and various other birds. Riemerella anatipestifer strain RA-JLLY is an avirulent strain, isolated from the brain of an old duck in Hubei province, China. Here, we report the genome sequence of this species.
TRANSFER LEARNING BASED ON FORBIDDEN RULE SET IN ACTOR-CRITIC METHOD

In this paper, we aim to accelerate learning processes in actor-critic method. We proposed the effective transfer learning method, which reduces training cycles by using information acquired from source tasks. The proposed method consists of two ideas, the method to select a policy to transfer, and the transfer method considering the characteristic of each actor-critic parameter set. The selection method aims to reduce redundant trial and error that are used in the selection phase and the training phase. We introduce the forbidden rule set, which are detected easily in the training phase, and concordance rate that measures an effectiveness of a source policy. The transfer method aims to merge a selected source policy to the target policy without negative transfers. It transfers only reliable action preferences and state values that implies preferred actions. We show the effectiveness of the proposed method by simple experiments. Agents found effective policies from the database, and finished their training with less or same episodes than the original actor-critic method.
Induction of cell growth by insulin and insulin‐like growth factor‐I is associated with jun expression in the otic vesicle

The present report investigates the cellular mechanisms involved in the regulation of cell proliferation by insulin and insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) in the developing inner ear. The results show that insulin and IGF‐I stimulate cell proliferation in the otic vesicle. This effect is associated with the induction of the expression of the nuclear proto‐oncogene c‐jun. The temporal profile of Jun expression coincided with the proliferative period of growth of the otic vesicle. IGF‐I promoted the hydrolysis of a membrane glycosyl‐phosphatidylinositol, which was characterised as the endogenous precursor for inositol phosphoglycan (IPG). Both purified IPG and a synthetic analogue, 6‐O‐(2‐amino‐2‐deoxy‐α‐D‐glucopyranosyl)‐D‐myo‐inositol‐1,2‐cyclic phosphate (C3), were able to mimic the effects of IGF‐I on Jun expression. Anti‐IPG antibodies blocked the effects of IGF‐I, which were rescued by the addition of IPG or its analogue. These results suggest that the sequence involving the hydrolysis of membrane glycolipids and the expression of c‐jun and c‐fos proto‐oncogenes is part of the mechanism that activates cell division in response to insulin and IGF‐I during early organogenesis of the avian inner ear. The implications of these observations for otic development and regeneration are briefly discussed. J. Comp. Neurol. 398:323–332, 1997. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel closed loop control for power factor correction using magnetic energy recovery switch

Poor power factor is one of the major issues in electrical energy system. This manuscript presents a technology called Magnetic Energy Recovery Switch (MERS) for improvement of power factor and compensation of reactive power demanded by the load. Basically MERS act as a voltage source and variable capacitor connected in series which can compensate the inductive reactance of the system. A new/modified closed loop control strategy is proposed in this paper. The control scheme is free from phase locked loop (PLL) and zero crossing detector (ZCD). The effectiveness of closed loop control is verified on MATLAB/Simulink environment. Variable resistive-inductive load is used for creating the reactive power demand in the system. The load is varied at different time instant and the reliability of the closed loop control for tracing the unity power factor is verified.
Spectral composition of shortwave radiation reflected and deep penetrating into snow near the Barentsburg settlement (Svalbard)

Спектральный состав отражённой и проникающей в глубь снежного покрова коротковолновой радиации в районе посёлка Баренцбург (Шпицберген) © 2015 г. П. Н. Священников1,2, А. В. Уразгильдеева1,2, Ю. Н. Курочкин1, Б. В. Иванов2,1, К. В. Чистяков1, D. Divin3, S. Hudson3 1СанктПетербургский государственный университет; 2Арктический и Антарктический научноисследовательский институт, СанктПетербург; 3Норвежский Полярный институт, г . Тромсё svyashchennikov@mail.ru
Believable groups of synthetic characters

In recent years, virtual environments have evolved from single user and single agent, to multi-user and multi-agent, all interacting, collaborating or competing with each other. This scenario created new challenges for the users' interaction with the environment, in particular for their interaction with the autonomous synthetic agents. To engage in successful and believable interactions the synthetic agents they must be able to show a coherent set of behaviours responsive to the user's actions. For example, in scenarios where users and synthetic agents interact as a group it is very important that the interactions follow a believable group dynamics. Focusing on this problem, we have developed a model that supports the dynamics of a group of synthetic agents, inspired by theories of group dynamics developed in human social psychological sciences, driven by a characterization of the different types of interactions that may occur in the group. We have implemented this model into the behaviour of autonomous synthetic characters that collaborate with the user in the resolution of collaborative tasks within a virtual environment. It was used in an experiment that showed that the model had a positive effect on the users' trust and identification with the synthetic group.