Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examining trends in temperature and precipitation mean/extremes over Gandaki Province, Nepal

Despite the increased frequency of extreme climate events including their significance in Nepal's socio-economy, climate studies have seldom considered extremes, and even fewer have considered them in combination with temperature and precipitation. This study aimed at examining the trend of climate variables in Gandaki Province, Nepal. Daily temperature and precipitation data of five stations between 1990 and 2020 were analyzed. Modified Mann–Kendall and Sen's slope methods were used to detect trend and magnitude. The Mann–Whitney–Pettitt test was used to detect abrupt changes, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to find the correlation. The result showed an increasing trend and a significant abrupt change in the maximum temperature for all stations. A decreasing trend in the minimum temperature was observed in the Himalayas and the Hill region, whereas an increasing trend was seen in Siwalik and Terai regions. The Jomsom station, however, behaved differently by showing an increasing trend in precipitation and the number of rainy days. The majority of the temperature indices showed an increasing trend unlike precipitation indices, which showed a mixed result. The maximum five-day precipitation and consecutive dry days showed a significant positive correlation with altitude. The results indicate an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme climate conditions in Gandaki Province.
Interactive Marketing Practices and Market Performance in Soft Drinks Industry: An Empirical Study on Competitive Advantage As a Mediator

Purpose: To what extent does competitive advantage mediate the relationship between interactive marketing practices and market performance? In attempt to respond to this question, this study was conducted with the aim of examining the mediating role of competitive advantage on the interactive marketing practices market performance relationship in the soft drink industry context. Methodology: A cross-sectional research design was taken on a sample of 322 soft drink manufacturing enterprises in the city of Kigali. The unit of inquiry for the quantitative study were the sales, accounting, finance, marketing and communication managers whereas chief executive officers were the unit of inquiry for the qualitative study. The study used both questionnaire and interview guide to collect data. Path analysis, MedGraph v3.xlsm and Hierarchical regression were used to test the model. Findings: Study findings show that performance of soft drink enterprises is positively associated with interactive marketing practices. It was observed in this study also that competitive advantage partially mediates this relationship. Practically the four conditions for mediation were met as suggested by Baron and Kenny, (1986). Firstly, we observe that there was a significant direct effect of Interactive marketing practices on market performance (=.270; p<.05). Secondly, Interactive marketing practices and competitive advantage have a significant relationship (=.400; p<.05), and thirdly, the observed coefficient of the mediator (competitive advantage) is significant as seen in the regression model 3 (=.396; p<.05). It is observed, finally, that the absolute effect of Interactive marketing practices on market performance is smaller in regression model 3 (=.157; p<.05) than in regression model 2 (=.270; p<.05). This confirm the mediation effects of competitive advantage. Further still a ratio index of 41.9% was observed an indication that competitive advantage reduces the relationship between interactive marketing practices and performance by 41.9% in Kigali city soft drink enterprises. Recommendations: In line with this confirmed mediation effects, managers are reminded to allocate sufficient resources to customer intimacy, product leadership and operational excellence as specific competitive priorities if they are to attain better market performance results. The study is of a theoretical importance as it empirically confirm the mediating role of competitive advantage in the interactive marketing practices-market performance relationship in a soft drink industry context. The imperative for practitioners to sufficiently attend to operational efficiency, customer intimacy and product leadership is reiterated on in this study.
Fueling innovation performance through entrepreneurial leadership: Assessing the neglected mediating role of intellectual capital

This study uses dynamic capability theory and a resource-based view to examine whether intellectual capital (human, relational, and structural capital) mediates entrepreneurial leadership and innovation success. Drawing on data from 422 senior-level employees working in Peruvian I.T. companies, the proposed relationships were analyzed using SmartPLS 4. Entrepreneurial leadership was found to foster employees’ innovative performance through the mediating role of human capital, relational capital, and structural capital. Practically, businesses often rely on innovation for survival and growth, so they should consider entrepreneurial leadership to create intellectual capital (human capital, relational capital and structural capital) for innovation performance. Businesses should provide entrepreneurial training that emphasizes role modeling intellectual capital and encourages employees to recognize and pursue entrepreneurial opportunities. With significantly limited research, the study contributes by investigating the interrelationship of entrepreneurial leadership, intellectual capital, and innovation performance. The study contributes to the Resource Based View and Dynamic Capability Theory by demonstrating how entrepreneurial leadership contributes to innovation performance through human capital, relational capital, and structural capital.
f-Vector Spaces of Polytopes, Spheres, and Eulerian Lattices

Acknowledgements v Introduction 1 1 Bounds on f - and flag-vectors 7 1.1 Sets of f - and flag-vectors 7 1.2 Fatness and Complexity 14 2 Enumeration of manifolds 25 2.1 Enumeration of 2s2s 3-manifolds with given flag-vector 26 2.2 Enumeration of 3-manifolds with given f -vector 28 3 Special 4-Polytopes and 3-Spheres 49 3.1 4-Polytopes 54 3.2 3-Spheres 77 3.3 Diagrams and Embeddability 117 List of Figures 123 List of Tables 124 Index 125 Bibliography 127 Zusammenfassung 132 Erklarung 134
Azimuthal correlations of heavy quarks in Pb + Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s}=2.76$ TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

In this paper we study the azimuthal correlations of heavy quarks in Pb+Pb collisions with $\sqrt{s}=2.76$ TeV at LHC. Due to the interaction with the medium heavy quarks and antiquarks are deflected from their original direction and the initial correlation of the pair is broadened. We investigate this effect for different transverse momentum classes. Low-momentum heavy-quark pairs lose their leading order back-to-back initial correlation, while a significant residual correlation survives at large momenta. Due to the larger acquired average deflection from their original directions the azimuthal correlations of heavy-quark pairs are broadened more efficiently in a purely collisional energy loss mechanism compared to including radiative corrections. This discriminatory feature survives when next-to-leading order production processes are included.
Analysis of Farming Group Member Participation on the Development Farming in Wonosoco Village Undaan District (Case Study of Waduk Rejo Farmers Group)

The farmer group's success is determined by the management's ability to manage the group and the group member's participation level. The group member's participation in activities organized by farmer groups should start from three stages. There are the planning stage, the implementation stage, and the monitoring stage. This research aimed to determine the group member's participation level in the Waduk Rejo farmer groups. This research was carried out in October 2022 in Wonosoco Village, Undaan District, Kudus Regency. Researchers used a quantitative descriptive research method with primary data types obtained through direct interview techniques with administrators and members of farmer groups. The sampling method was determined using the stratified proportional random sampling method, which consisted of 30 respondents, management, and members of the Waduk Rejo farmer groups. The variables studied were participation variables in the three stages: planning, implementation, and supervision. This study uses a Likert scale as a method of analysis. The findings show that the level of participation of farmer group members is manifested from the activity planning stage, which includes participation in routine farmer group meeting activities, participation in providing advice and input to farmer groups, and participation in preparing work plans of farmer groups which are included in the active category. The implementation phase, which provides for the participation of farmer group activities in the form of irrigation improvements, agricultural infrastructure improvements, and pest control, is included in the active category. The supervision phase, which provides for the supervision of irrigation repair activities, agricultural infrastructure improvement, and pest control, is included in the dynamic type. This research shows that the members of the farmer group have high awareness and concern to develop and advance their farmer group together.
Construction of Periodic Solutions for Nonlinear Wave Equations by a Para-differential Method

This paper is concerned with the existence of families of time-periodic solutions for the nonlinear wave equations with Hamiltonian perturbations on one-dimensional tori. We obtain the result by a new method: a para-diﬀerential conjuga-tion together with a classical iteration scheme, which have been used for the nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation in [22]. Avoiding the use of KAM theorem and Nash-Moser iteration method, though a para-diﬀerential conjugation, an equivalent form of the investigated nonlinear wave equations can be obtained, while the frequencies are ﬁxed in a Cantor-like set whose complement has small measure. Applying the non-resonant conditions on each ﬁnite-dimensional subspaces, solutions can be constructed to the block diagonal equation on the ﬁnite subspace by a classical iteration scheme.
Psychosocial Experiences of Ethiopian Women Domestic Workers in the Middle East: The Case of Returnee Migrants in Addis Ababa

The current study explored the overall psychosocial experiences of Ethiopian women domestic workers in the Middle East. Specifically, Ethiopian women‟s psychosocial experiences and the difficulties they face while they were in the Middle East, as well as the change they have brought in their life after their return was explored in depth. The study employed a qualitative research design and a descriptive case study analytical approach. In this study, both primary data sources and secondary data sources were used. For primary data, qualitative in depth interview with returnees and key informants were conducted. The collected data were analyzed using a qualitative data analysis technique. The findings from this study show that, prior to their departure to the Middle East countries; all the informants were living in poverty and were unemployed. They immigrated out to the Middle East countries hoping that their life would change. However, their expectation was shattered because of the harsh experience they had at the destination country. According to the informants, prolonged working hour due to extreme workload, emotional abuse, sexual harassment and denial of their monthly wage were some of the negative psychosocial experiences while working as a house maid in the Middle East. Furthermore, they experienced loneliness and the feeling of inferiority, humiliation, degradation and maltreatment which was worsened by the language barrier they had. As a result, they described their stay in the Middle East very challenging. In general, the overall unfavorable living condition and the hostile working environment in the country of destination made them unable to change their own and their family‟s life and ended in being incompetent in achieving their goals and expectations. Their reaction to their failed expectations and the ill treatment they had in the Middle East has created a huge distortion in their overall social and economic life after they are back in the country of origin. They have developed the feeling of hopelessness; they are mostly depressed and lonely. Hence, based on the findings, this study suggests, the government of Ethiopia should play a great role creating a favorable working condition in the country of destination through strong consular relations, migrants should be aware of the socio economic situation of the country and the culture and a minimum educational level needs to be set for migrants in order to enhance their understanding of situations they will be facing and they should be well equipped with the necessary skills and qualifications and organizations that are working with returnee migrants should work together with donor organizations so that they are more capable in providing rehabilitation treatment and psychosocial support. Having this in mind, social workers should play a great role in advocating better living condition for the migrants in the country of destination and they should involve in the rehabilitation and treatment of the returnee migrants as facilitator or counselor role.
• NUMERICAL STUDY OF MHD DOUBLE DIFFUSIVE ROTATING FLOW OVER A VERTICAL POROUS PLATE IN THE PRESENCE OF HEAT SOURCE/SINK

T his paper is devoted to introduce a numerical study of an unsteady double diffusive flow over an impulsively emerged vertical porous plate in fluctuating temperature and mass diffusion in the presence of heat source/sink. A magnetic field is applied normal to the flow. The governing equations in non-dimensional form are solved numerically, using Crank-Nicholson method and the simulation is carried out by coding in C-Program . Graphical results for velocity, temperature and concentration fields and tabular values of Nusselt number are presented and discussed at various parametric conditions. From this study, it is found that Nusselt number, temperature and velocity of the fluid increase in the presence heat source while reverse effect is noted in the presence of heat sink. Thermal radiation reduces the velocity and temperature of the fluid. The results which are obtained for Nusselt number in the absence /presence heat source and sink are almost tallied with previously published data.
Ultra-low temperature dilatometry

This thesis presents research of two novel magnetic materials, LiHoF4 and Tb2Ti2O7. Experiments were performed at low temperatures and in an applied magnetic field to study thermal expansion and magnetostriction using a capacitive dilatometer designed during this project. This thesis presents 3 distinct topics. This manuscript begins with a thermodynamic description of thermal expansion and magnetostriction. The design of a capacitive dilatometer suitable for use at ultra-low temperatures and in high magnetic fields is presented. The thermal expansion of oxygen free high conductivity copper is used as a test of the absolute accuracy of the dilatometer. The first material studied using this dilatometer was LiHoF4. Pure LiHoF4 is a dipolar coupled Ising ferromagnet and in an applied transverse magnetic field is a good representation of the transverse field Ising model. An ongoing discrepancy between theoretical and experimental work motivates further study of this textbook material. Presented here are thermal expansion and magnetostriction measurements of LiHoF4 in an applied transverse field. We find good agreement with existing experimental work. This suggests that there is some aspect of LiHoF4 or the effect of quantum mechanical fluctuations at finite temperatures which is not well understood. The second material studied is the spin liquid Tb2Ti2O7. Despite theoretical predictions that Tb2Ti2O7 will order at finite temperature, a large body of experimental evidence demonstrates that spins within Tb2Ti2O7 remain dynamic to the lowest temperatures studied. In addition Tb2Ti2O7 also exhibits anomalous thermal expansion below 20K, giant magnetostriction, and orders in an applied magnetic field. Thermal expansion and magnetostriction measurements of Tb2Ti2O7 are presented in applied longitudinal and transverse fields. Zero-field thermal expansion measurements do not repeat the previously observed anomalous thermal expansion. A large feature is observed in thermal expansion at 100mK, in rough agreement with existing experimental work. Longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields were applied to Tb2Ti2O7. Longitudinal magnetostriction measurements show qualitatively different behavior than previous observations. These measurements were taken along different crystal axes so direct comparison cannot be made. Thermal expansion measurements in an applied transverse field show evolution with the strength of the applied field. This evolution may relate to an ordering transition, however difficulties in repeatability in a transverse field require that these results be repeated in an improved setup.
A freely damped oscillating fractional dynamic system modeled by fractional Euler–Lagrange equations

The behaviors of some vibrating dynamic systems cannot be modeled precisely by means of integer representation models. Fractional representation looks like it is more accurate to model such systems. In this study, the fractional Euler–Lagrange equations model is introduced to model a fractional damped oscillating system. In this model, the fractional inertia force and the fractional damping force are proportional to the fractional derivative of the displacement. The fractional derivative orders in both forces are considered to be variable fractional orders. A numerical approximation technique is utilized to obtain the system responses. The discretization of the Coimbra fractional derivative and the finite difference technique are used to accomplish this approximation. The response of the system is verified by a comparison to a classical integer representation and is obtained based on different values of system parameters.
Shaping Investment Decisions Through Financial Literacy: Do Herding and Overconfidence Bias Mediate the Relationship?

The present study aims to answer the question of whether herding and overconfidence bias serially mediate the relationship between financial literacy with equity investors’ decision-making in the Indian stock market. A survey method was deployed to collect primary data from 436 individual equity investors in the north Indian region. PLS-SEM has been used to examine the serial mediation-based model proposed for the study. Financial literacy was found to have a considerable favourable influence on individual investors’ decision-making. The relationship between financial literacy and investors’ decision-making was found to be serially mediated by herding and overconfidence bias. The study proposes that investors should attend financial market courses, training programs, conferences and seminars to improve their financial literacy and understanding, allowing them to overcome behavioural biases, and will improve their decision-making.
Advances in Water Resources

Many forested mountain watersheds worldwide evolved with frequent ﬁ re, which Twentieth Century ﬁ re sup- pression activities eliminated, resulting in unnaturally dense forests with high water demand. Restoration of pre-suppression forest composition and structure through a variety of management activities could improve forest resilience and water yields. This study explores the potential for “ managed wild ﬁ re ” , whereby naturally ignited ﬁ res are allowed to burn, to alter the water balance. Interest in this type of managed wild ﬁ re is increasing, yet its long-term e ﬀ ects on water balance are uncertain. We use soil moisture as a spatially-distributed hydrologic indicator to assess the in ﬂ uence of vegetation, ﬁ re history and landscape position on water availability in the Illilouette Creek Basin in Yosemite National Park. Over 6000 manual surface soil moisture measurements were made over a period of three years, and sup- plemented with continuous soil moisture measurements over the top 1m of soil in three sites. Random forest and linear mixed e ﬀ ects models showed a dominant e ﬀ ect of vegetation type and history of vegetation change on measured soil moisture. Contemporary and historical vegetation maps were used to upscale the soil moisture observations to the basin and infer soil moisture under ﬁ re-suppressed conditions. Little change in basin-aver- aged soil moisture was inferred due to managed wild ﬁ re, but the results indicated that large localized increases in soil moisture had occurred, which could have important impacts on local ecology or downstream ﬂ ows.
Directed wavelet covariance for locally stationary processes

Samejima, K. Directed Wavelet Covariance for Locally Stationary Processes. 2018. 128 p. Tese (Doutorado) Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2016. The main goal of this study is to propose a methodology that measures directed relations between locally stationary processes. Unlike stationary processes, locally stationary processes may present sudden pattern changes and have local characteristics in specific intervals. This behavior causes instability in measures based on Fourier transforms. The relevance of this study relies on considering these processes and propose robust methodologies that are not affected by outliers, sudden pattern changes or local behavior. We start reviewing the Partial Directed Coherence (PDC) and the Wavelet Coherence. PDC measures the directed relation between components of a multivariate stationary Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model in the frequency domain, while Wavelet Coherence is based on complex wavelets decomposition. We then propose a causal wavelet decomposition of the covariance structure for bivariate locally stationary processes: the Directed Wavelet Covariance (DWC). Compared to Fourierbased quantities, wavelet-based estimators are more appropriate for non-stationary processes and processes with local patterns, outliers and rapid regime changes like in EEG experiments with the introduction of stimuli. We then propose its estimators and calculate its expectation and analyze its variance. Next we propose a decomposition for the variance of multivariate processes with more than two components: the Partial Directed Wavelet Covariance (pDWC). Considering a N-variate locally stationary process, the pDWC calculates the Directed Wavelet Covariance of X1(t) with X2(t) eliminating the effect of the other components X3(t), . , XN (t). We propose two approaches to this situation. First we filter the multivariate process to remove all the exogenous influences and then we calculate the directed relation between the components. In the second case, as in Partial Directed Coherence, we consider the multivariate process as a time-varying Vector Autoregressive Model (tvVAR) and use its coefficients in the decomposition of the covariance function to isolate the effects of the other components. We also compare results of the PDC, Wavelet Coherence and Directed Wavelet Covariance with simulated data. Finally, we present an application of the proposed Directed Wavelet Covariance and Partial Directed Wavelet Covariance on EEG data. Simulation results show that the proposed vii