Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic parameter estimates for growth performance of crossbred piglets

The direct heritability estimates for piglet weights in pre and post weaning stages were moderate and improvement through mass selection is plausible. In the pre-weaning stage, the piglets had maximum genetic potential at birth (BW) to be exploited through direct selection. The 3 random effects, namely direct additive, maternal additive and litterÂ permanent environmental effects had significant roles during different phases of pre-weaning growth and all must be included in the model used for formulating a breeding program. For post-weaning traits, the direct additive and permanent litter effects were the predominant factors governing the variability. The non-significance of postweaning maternal influence was as per expectation because the piglets moved away from maternal care after 8thweekof age.
The Role of Personality in the Mental and Physical Health of World Trade Center Responders: Self-Reports Versus Informant-Reports

Personality is linked to important health outcomes, but most prior studies have relied on self-reports, making it possible that shared-method variance explains the associations. In the present study, we examined self-reports versus informant-reports of personality and multimethod outcomes. World Trade Center (WTC) responders and informants, 283 pairs, completed five-factor model personality measures and multimethod assessments of stressful events, functioning, mental disorders, 9/11-related treatment costs, body mass index (BMI), and daily activity across 3 years. Self-reports were uniquely related to stressful events and functioning. Both self-reports and informant-reports showed incremental validity over one another for mental disorder diagnoses and treatment costs. For objective outcomes daily activity and BMI, informant-reports showed incremental validity over self-reports, accounting for all self-report variance and more. The findings suggest that informant-reports of personality provide better validity for objective health outcomes, which has implications for understanding personality and its role in mental and physical health.
Gas Accretion Flows onto Giant Protoplanets: High-Resolution Two-dimensional Simulations

We performed two-dimensional local hydrodynamic simulations of the accretion flows onto protoplanets (with different masses Mp and semimajor axis a) from a protoplanetary disk with extremely high resolution in order to clarify the fine structure of circumplanetary flows after the onset of the nucleated instability of the planetary atmosphere. We find that two types of shocks are formed: a pair of bow shocks extended outside the planetary gravitational sphere and a pair of spiral shocks inside the sphere winding toward the planet. The disk gas within narrow bands on both sides of the planetary orbit flows into the planetary gravitational sphere. The offset of the bands is determined by the energy dissipation across the bow shock on a streamline toward a stagnant point, and the width is determined by the energy dissipation across the spiral shock on another streamline toward the stagnant point of the opposite side of the planet. This means that the mass accretion rate onto the planet is also determined by the energy dissipation across the spiral shock. With the assumption that the gas is isothermal, we obtain the mass accretion rate as a function of normalized sound speed iso, which corresponds to the ratio of the disk scale height to the Hill radius, as = 8.0 × 10-3 M⊕(a/5.2 AU)-1.5 (Mp/10 M⊕)1.3 (Σ/Σmin)yr-1, where Σ is the surface density of the disk, Σmin is that for the minimum-mass solar nebula model. Note that the slower contraction of the planetary atmosphere (when Mp < 120 M⊕) as well as heating due to the gas accretion luminosity may make the accretion rate smaller. We also find that the circumplanetary spiral shocks could strongly affect the torques exerted on the planet by the disk gas.
A recalibration of the interstellar ammonia thermometer

Les coefficients de vitesse pour l'excitation rotationnelle de para-NH 3 et ortho-NH 3 par para-H 2 (J=0) sont presentes pour les temperatures cinetiques 15≤T≤300 K. Les resultats sont utilises pour recalibrer le thermometre ammoniac pour une variete de transitions d'inversion-rotation
Multifaceted Social and Environmental Disruptions Impact on Smallholder Plantations' Resilience in Indonesia

As one of the most productive plantation producers in the world, Indonesia also faces rapid change in both social and environmental systems. These conditions are predicted to become more disruptive to the agricultural sector in the future. Therefore, understanding the impact of social and environmental disruption on smallholder plantations' resilience is vital to formulate a strategy for the sustainability of farmers' livelihoods in this country. Using survey data from 360 smallholding farmers in six villages from three districts in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia, the study deployed a multidimensional approach to assess smallholders' resilience to social and environmental disruption as well as towards economic dynamics. There are four dimensions of smallholder resilience, namely, the ability of adaptation, recoverability, anticipation, and farmers' innovation level. Social disruption was indicated by farmers' demography, epidemic/family health, social conflict, culture clash, and intention on land conversion. Meanwhile, environmental disruption was shown by natural catastrophe incidents, climate variations, environmentally unfriendly cultivation activities, and land fires. Since the resilience level was classified as binary, bivariate probit model was used in the analysis. The result shows that smallholder plantations in Bengkulu Indonesia are categorized as innovative, and recoverable, but less adaptive, and less anticipatory farmers. Overall, more than 50% of smallholder plantations are classified as less resilient smallholders. The statistical result empirically uncovers that the intentions of land conversion, climate change, and environmentally unfriendly farming activities statistically have a significant contribution to the reduction of smallholder plantations' resilience. Furthermore, the economic dynamisms such as lack of input availability, price volatility, demand uncertainty, and capital limitation have a significant negative impact on smallholder plantation resilience.
Congenital Defects in a Patient Carrying a Novel Homozygous AEBP1 Variant: Further Expansion of the Phenotypic Spectrum of Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Classical-like Type 2?

In 2018, a new clinical subtype, caused by biallelic variants in the AEBP1 gene, encoding the ACLP protein, was added to the current nosological classification of the Ehlers–Danlos Syndromes (EDS). This new phenotype, provisionally termed EDS classical-like type 2 (clEDS2), has not yet been fully characterized, as only nine cases have been reported to date. Here we describe a patient, homozygous for a novel AEBP1 pathogenic variant (NM_001129.5 c.2123_2124delTG (p.Val708AlafsTer5)), whose phenotype is reminiscent of classical EDS but also includes previously unreported multiple congenital malformations. Furthermore, we briefly summarize the current principal clinical manifestations of clEDS2 and the molecular evidence surrounding the role of AEBP1 in the context of extracellular matrix homeostasis and connective tissue development. Although a different coexisting etiology for the multiple congenital malformations of our patient cannot be formally excluded, the emerging role of ACLP in TGF-β and WNT pathways may explain their occurrence and the phenotypical variability of clEDS2.
Does the anatomical shape of the heart present as a risk factor for "off-pump" coronary surgery?

Aim: Emergency conversion to on-pump during coronary surgery is known to increase morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing off-pump coronary surgery. We aimed to investigate the relation between the anatomical position of the heart and the incidence of conversion to on-pump coronary surgery. Material and Methods: Four hundred patients, who underwent off-pump three-vessel coronary surgery during June 2010 and February 2020. The angle between the left anterior descending (LAD) artery and the left arm of the sternal retractor was used to identify the anatomical position of the heart intraoperatively after pericardiotomy. Patients were categorized as having either transvers (Position Angle> 45°, n:200) or vertical (Position Angle <45°, n:200) heart. Results: The conversion rate was 8.75% (35/400) in our study. Thirty-three of patients with transverse heart patients converted to on-pump surgery (16.5%), whereas the two patients(1%) in patients with vertical heart. The length of intensive care unit stay was longer in patients with conversion compared to the patients with no conversion (3.17±1.10 days and 1.11±0.11 days, respectively) (p=0.001). Inotropic support and blood transfusion requirements were higher in converted patients. The mortality rate was 14.2% in converted patients while non-converted patients had no mortality (p<0.001). Conclusion: Conversion from off to on-pump during coronary surgery may cause high incidence of morbidity and mortality. Probable causes responsible for conversion should be predicted before making a decision for off-pump surgery. Anatomically transverse position of the heart may be considered as a potential predictor of conversion.
The relationship between the symmetries of and the existence of conserved vectors for the equation r..+f(r)L+g(r)r=0

The existence of explicit expressions for conserved vectors for the charge-monopole problem and the Kepler problem is well known. The Lie algebras of the point transformations under which the equations of motion are invariant have been found more recently. The recent discovery of an explicit expression for a Laplace-Runge-Lenz-like vector for the equation of motion r. +h'L/r+(hh'+kr-2)r=O, h=h(r), from which one of the equations for the orbit is easily obtained, has prompted the question of what is the Lie algebra of the point symmetries of the equation r+f(r)L+g(r)r=(bold) O of which each of the above problems is a member. In the case that f(r) identical to O it is well known that Laplace-Runge-Lenz-like vectors exist. The existence of such conserved vectors does not imply a particular algebraic structure of the Lie point symmetries of the equation of motion. However, the existence of such symmetries provides a systematic method for constructing the vectors.
DIRECT FORMATION OF SELF-ASSEMBLED QUANTUM DOTS UNDER TENSILE STRAIN BY HETEROEPITAXY OF PBSE ON PBTE (111)

Direct growth of tensile-strained PbSe quantum dots by molecular beam epitaxy on 5.5% lattice mismatched PbTe (111) is investigated by atomic force microscopy and in situ reflection high energy electron diffraction. After wetting layer formation, two types of PbSe islands are formed distinguishable in size and ordering behavior. All islands exhibit a well defined pyramidal shape with triangular base and steep (100) side facets. In addition, the dots exhibit a remarkably narrow size distribution with a relative variation of height and width as low as ±7%.
A central limit theorem for a one-dimensional polymer measure

Let (S n )n∈N 0 be a random walk on the integers having bounded steps. The self-repellent (resp., self-avoiding) walk is a sequence of transformed path measures which discourage (resp., forbid) self-intersections. This is used as a model for polymers. Previously, we proved a law of large numbers; that is, we showed the convergence of |S n |n toward a positive number Θ under the polymer measure. The present paper proves a classical central limit theorem for the self-repellent and self-avoiding walks; that is, we prove the asymptotic normality of (S n - Θn)/√n for large n. The proof refines and continues results and techniques developed previously.
Vortex shedding of bluff bodies: A review

Abstract In this paper the various types of vortex generation and the related response characteristics of bluff bodies are described. The vortices are, in general, generated by a certain stimulation, leading to one- or two-shear layer instability; the related unsteady forces could excite flexible structures such as tall towers, tall buildings and long-span bridges. Karman vortex shedding is well known as the alternate shedding vortex behind bluff bodies, but the one-shear layer instability related vortices and symmetrical vortex shedding should also be taken into account as additional mechanisms for the evaluation of structural safety, because they result in structural response at comparatively low wind speeds. In this paper, the symmetrical vortex shedding, which is enhanced by the longitudinally fluctuating flow for 2-D rectangular cylinders with a 0.5 side ratio, and one-shear layer related vortices, which are generated on the side surfaces of flat 2-D rectangular cylinders and many bridge girder box sections by the stimulation of body motion or applied sound, are introduced. Furthermore, as a peculiar 3-D vortex, the “axial vortex”, which is formed in near wake of inclined cables and then over restricted velocity ranges, is also discussed.
Firms' Tax Rate Misperception: Measurement, Drivers, and Distortionary Effects

Decisions-makers in firms are expected to use perceived rather than actual tax rates and hence their decisions can be substantially biased by misperception. We quantify firms’ misperception of their average tax rate (ATR) and marginal tax rate (MTR) and identify drivers of this tax rate misperception. Using survey data on German firms, we find that the share of firms considerably misperceiving their ATR and MTR exceeds 65% and 57% respectively. Further, we illustrate firms’ impaired comprehension of the tax schedule reflected by the relation between ATR and MTR. We find sole proprietorships and partnerships on average considerably overestimate their ATR anchoring at the top marginal tax rate. While corporations show no uniform tax misperception patterns for retained profits, they tend to strongly underestimate ATRs and MTRs on distributed profits. Irrespective of the legal form, we find misperception is mainly driven by tax regime complexity, lack of tax knowledge and dissatisfaction with the tax system. Surprisingly, even though many firms report using the ATR instead of the appropriate MTR in their investment and financing decisions, which suggests that they underestimate their tax burden, this bias is partially attenuated by their ATR misperception. Overall, our findings demonstrate that policymakers and researchers can benefit from incorporating firms’ tax rate misperception when estimating firms’ tax response and evaluating tax policies.
Explosive Random‐Coefficient AR(1) Processes and Related Asymptotics for Least‐Squares Estimation

Abstract. Large sample properties of the least‐squares and weighted least‐squares estimates of the autoregressive parameter of the explosive random‐coefficient AR(1) process are discussed. It is shown that, contrary to the standard AR(1) case, the least‐squares estimator is inconsistent whereas the weighted least‐squares estimator is consistent and asymptotically normal even when the error process is not necessarily Gaussian. Conditional asymptotics on the event that a certain limiting random variable is non‐zero is also discussed.
Structure of Bi nanolines: using tight binding to search parameter space

We describe how we have used tight-binding calculations as a quick, efficient tool to search for possible structures of Bi nanolines on Si(001). After identifying promising candidate structures, we have concentrated on these with ab initio electronic structure techniques. The energetics of the tight binding are shown to be in good agreement with the density functional calculations and with experimental observations, and have proved invaluable in the search for a structure, validating the use of tight binding as a search tool.
Cannabinoid CB1 Receptors Are Expressed in a Subset of Dopamine Neurons and Underlie Cannabinoid-Induced Aversion, Hypoactivity, and Anxiolytic Effects in Mice

Cannabinoids modulate dopamine (DA) transmission and DA-related behavior, which has been thought to be mediated initially by activation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1Rs) on GABA neurons. However, there is no behavioral evidence supporting it. In contrast, here we report that CB1Rs are also expressed in a subset of DA neurons and functionally underlie cannabinoid action in male and female mice. RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH) assays demonstrated CB1 mRNA in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1)-positive GABA neurons. The CB1R-expressing DA neurons were located mainly in the middle portion of the VTA with the number of CB1-TH colocalization progressively decreasing from the medial to the lateral VTA. Triple-staining assays indicated CB1R mRNA colocalization with both TH and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VgluT2, a glutamate neuronal marker) in the medial VTA close to the midline of the brain. Optogenetic activation of this population of DA neurons was rewarding as assessed by optical intracranial self-stimulation. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) or ACEA (a selective CB1R agonist) dose-dependently inhibited optical intracranial self-stimulation in DAT-Cre control mice, but not in conditional knockout mice with the CB1R gene absent in DA neurons. In addition, deletion of CB1Rs from DA neurons attenuated Δ9-THC-induced reduction in DA release in the NAc, locomotion, and anxiety. Together, these findings indicate that CB1Rs are expressed in a subset of DA neurons that corelease DA and glutamate, and functionally underlie cannabinoid modulation of DA release and DA-related behavior. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cannabinoids produce a series of psychoactive effects, such as aversion, anxiety, and locomotor inhibition in rodents. However, the cellular and receptor mechanisms underlying these actions are not fully understood. Here we report that CB1 receptors are expressed not only in GABA neurons but also in a subset of dopamine neurons, which are located mainly in the medial VTA close to the midline of the midbrain and corelease dopamine and glutamate. Optogenetic activation of these dopamine neurons is rewarding, which is dose-dependently inhibited by cannabinoids. Selective deletion of CB1 receptor from dopamine neurons blocked cannabinoid-induced aversion, hypoactivity, and anxiolytic effects. These findings demonstrate that dopaminergic CB1 receptors play an important role in mediating cannabinoid action.
Target detection beneath foliage using polarimetric synthetic aperture radar interferometry

Abstract In this paper, we demonstrate how the new technology of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry can be used to enhance the detection of targets hidden beneath foliage. The key idea is to note that for random volume scattering, the interferometric coherence is invariant to changes in wave polarization. On the other hand, in the presence of a target the coherence changes with polarization. We show that under general symmetry constraints this change is linear in the complex coherence plane. These observations can be used to devise a filter to suppress the returns from foliage clutter while maintaining the signal from hidden targets. We illustrate the algorithm by applying it to coherent L-band SAR simulations of corner reflectors hidden in a forest. The simulations are performed using a voxel-based vector wave propagation and scattering code coupled to detailed structural models of tree architecture. In this way, the spatial statistics and radar signal fluctuations closely match those observed for natural terrain. We demonstrate significant improvements in the detection of hidden targets, which suggests that this technology has great potential for future foliage penetration (FOPEN) applications.
Human-centered design development of mHealth patient-to-peer referral tool in the emergency department

Background Given the steady increase of emergency department (ED) visits related to opioid overdoses, this study aims to determine the design and usability of an ED-centered mHealth patient-to-peer referral prototype tool that allows patients to refer peers to comprehensive HIV/HCV and opioid misuse prevention services. Methods Two iterative focus group discussion (FDG) sessions and one use-case session were conducted. Eligible participants who were ≥18 years, had a history of injection drug use (IDU), and had utilized the ED in the past year were recruited through the distribution of flyers at the study institution, including the study ED. Human-centered design process was completed by using participant feedback on perceived utility, usability/accessibility, tool design, and clarity/readability to fine-tune prototype version and drive subsequent discussion sessions. Results Sixteen consented individuals participated in at least one of the sessions. Feedback revealed that participants favored the inclusion of the webpage link on the referral card as means to bypass QR code if needed, more descriptions highlighting the exact services offered, and the fact that no personal information was required to complete the referral process. The prototype underwent several adjustments between user-centered FDG sessions, which ultimately ended in including features such as an online webpage with educational videos, SMS text-message communication system, and QR code usage into the final patient-to-peer referral tool prototype. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest a human-centered designed patient-to-peer referral tool could be a feasible approach to linking community members at risk of IDU to HIV/HCV and opioid use-related preventive services from ED patients.
Impact of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the Field of Single-Molecule Biophysics

Cellular functions depend on the dynamic assembly of protein regulator complexes at specific cellular locations. Single Molecule Tracking (SMT) is a method of choice for the biochemical characterization of protein dynamics in vitro and in vivo. SMT follows individual molecules in live cells and provides direct information about their behavior. SMT was successfully applied to mammalian models. However, mammalian cells provide a complex environment where protein mobility depends on numerous factors that are difficult to control experimentally. Therefore, yeast cells, which are unicellular and well-studied with a small and completely sequenced genome, provide an attractive alternative for SMT. The simplicity of organization, ease of genetic manipulation, and tolerance to gene fusions all make yeast a great model for quantifying the kinetics of major enzymes, membrane proteins, and nuclear and cellular bodies. However, very few researchers apply SMT techniques to yeast. Our goal is to promote SMT in yeast to a wider research community. Our review serves a dual purpose. We explain how SMT is conducted in yeast cells, and we discuss the latest insights from yeast SMT while putting them in perspective with SMT of higher eukaryotes.