Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Community Compliance in Preventing COVID-19 Based on the Health Belief Model

COVID-19 cases in Indonesia are increasing. This has been caused by several factors, such as the lack of compliance and the negative perception that COVID-19 is not a dangerous disease. This study used the health belief model to analyze the factors influencing community compliance in preventing COVID-19. This was a descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach. The participants included 130 residents of Saronggi District, Sumenep Regency. Data were collected through a questionnaire about compliance and perceptions based on the health belief model. Perceptions of vulnerability, seriousness, benefits, barriers and actions were examined, along with their association with COVID-19 prevention compliance. The data were analyzed using an ordinal regression test. Compliance in preventing COVID-19 was measured as obedient in 75 people (57.69%), quite obedient in 17 people (13.07%), and not obedient in 38 people (29.24%). Meanwhile, based on the findings, the dominant factors that influenced compliance were perceived benefits (p = 0.001), perceived barriers (p = 0.023), and perceptions of action (p = 0.003). Public education about the dangers and prevention of COVID-19 needs to be improved by involving community leaders as role models so that community compliance will increase. Keywords: perception, compliance, health belief model, COVID-19
An Outburst of GeV Gamma-Ray Emission from Centaurus X-3

We present Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) EGRET measurements of an outburst of greater than 100 MeV gamma-ray emission from the massive X-ray binary system Centaurus X-3 that occurred during an interval of rapid spin-down by the X-ray pulsar. For the 1994 October outburst, the phase-averaged 30 MeV- 10 GeV emission is best fitted by a power law with index α = 1.81 ± 0.37 and an integral flux above 100 MeV of (9.2 ± 2.3) × 10-7 photons cm-2 s-1, corresponding to a phase-averaged luminosity in GeV gamma rays of ~5 × 1036 ergs s-1. Our phase analysis, employing contemporaneous X-ray pulse observations by CGRO BATSE, indicates modulation of the gamma-ray emission at the pulsar's spin frequency with a significance level higher than 99.5%. Straightforward interpretation of the EGRET measurements requires at least sporadic acceleration of GeV particles within the Cen X-3 binary system. The observations also suggest that Galactic X-ray binary systems may constitute a class of highly variable GeV gamma-ray sources.
Different Ventricular Fibrillation Types in Low-Dimensional Latent Spaces

The causes of ventricular fibrillation (VF) are not yet elucidated, and it has been proposed that different mechanisms might exist. Moreover, conventional analysis methods do not seem to provide time or frequency domain features that allow for recognition of different VF patterns in electrode-recorded biopotentials. The present work aims to determine whether low-dimensional latent spaces could exhibit discriminative features for different mechanisms or conditions during VF episodes. For this purpose, manifold learning using autoencoder neural networks was analyzed based on surface ECG recordings. The recordings covered the onset of the VF episode as well as the next 6 min, and comprised an experimental database based on an animal model with five situations, including control, drug intervention (amiodarone, diltiazem, and flecainide), and autonomic nervous system blockade. The results show that latent spaces from unsupervised and supervised learning schemes yielded moderate though quite noticeable separability among the different types of VF according to their type or intervention. In particular, unsupervised schemes reached a multi-class classification accuracy of 66%, while supervised schemes improved the separability of the generated latent spaces, providing a classification accuracy of up to 74%. Thus, we conclude that manifold learning schemes can provide a valuable tool for studying different types of VF while working in low-dimensional latent spaces, as the machine-learning generated features exhibit separability among different VF types. This study confirms that latent variables are better VF descriptors than conventional time or domain features, making this technique useful in current VF research on elucidation of the underlying VF mechanisms.
Dynamic Trust-Based Device Legitimacy Assessment Towards Secure IoT Interactions

—Establishing trust-based interactions in heteroge- neously connected devices appears to be the prominent mechanism in addressing the prevailing concerns of confidence, re- liability and privacy relevant in establishing secure interactions among connected devices in the network. Trust-based assessment of device legitimacy is evolving given IoT devices’ dynamic and heterogeneous nature and emerging adversaries. However, computation and application of trust level in establishing secure communications, access control and privacy domain are rarely discussed in the literature. To compute trust, based on the quality of service, direct interactions, and the relationship between devices, we introduce a multi-factor trust computation model that considers the multiple attributes of interactions in an IoT network of heterogeneous devices providing a wide range of data and services. Direct trust is estimated for quality of service considering the response time, reliability, consistency, and integrity attributes of devices. The time decay factor influences the credibility of computed trust over time. The policy-driven mechanism is employed to sift the devices and isolate the mali- cious ones. Extensive simulations validate the proposed model’s effectiveness using Contiki’s Cooja simulator for IoT networks.
Fabrication of space: The design of everyday life in South Korean Songdo

Constructed from scratch on land reclaimed from the sea, Songdo was planned to embody new ‘smart city’ life. In reality, it has come to exemplify enclave urbanism that commodifies securitised living for upwardly mobile middle classes. While the political economy of this urban project is by now well studied, the sociological ethnography of the resultant space and its experiential correlates remains less developed and imperfectly contextualised. One needs to connect the dots of power and space. The present paper aims to do that and thematises the ‘design of everyday life’ which rests on (1) the intensification of privatised digital surveillance of mass housing compounds which in turn occasions (2) the remaking of spatial markers and symbolic boundaries between private/public, inclusive/exclusive, inside/outside. As such it is a combination of two different registers of visibility that gets jointly orchestrated by the public–private partnership of Korean state and corporate actors. In order to recognise these regimes as strategic visions of controlled social life we extend James Scott’s notion of ‘seeing like a state’ to include the corresponding regime that we call ‘seeing like a corporation’. This allows us to show that they are mutually elaborative in Songdo through a hybridised fabrication of its lived environment, particularly in the case of one branded housing typology located in the city’s centre called International Business District. This elucidates not only the local entrepreneurial urbanism that gave rise to the controlled environment of Songdo but also more general logics of the ‘compressed modernisation’ in the region which sets a global mode for production of space and re-territorialisation of power.
Cracking isotropic and anisotropic relativistic spheres

We explore the influence of density fluctuations on isotropic and anisotropic configurations, extending the concept of cracking for general relativistic fluid spheres. This concept, conceived to describe the behaviour of anisotropic matter distributions just after its departure from equilibrium, could provide some insight on potential instabilities and future evolution of relativistic fluids. We have refined the idea of cracking, considering local fluctuations --represented by any function of compact support defined in a closed interval-- and their effect on the state variables and their gradients through ``barotropic'' equations of state, P = P(ρ) and P ⊥ = P ⊥ (ρ). Under this approach it is found that both isotropic and that previous results for cracking (and overturning) instabilities on anisotropic matter configurations has to be revised.
THE SATISFACTION OF CUSTOMER AND THE MODELING OF LOYALTY IN THE INDUSTRY OF FAST-FOOD

This study’s primary goals were to look at the antecedent factors influencing customer satisfaction (service quality, food quality, physical environment quality, price fairness, and brand image) and then evaluate the causality between customer satisfaction and loyalty in the fast-food restaurant segment. In this research, 480 questionnaires were delivered to six brand fast-food restaurant customers in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, using a self-administered questionnaire method and a convenience sampling methodology, leaving 403 (=83.95 percent) of the total sample size viable for this research. The acquired data were then analyzed utilizing the statistical software SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 26 Graphics in accordance with structural equation modeling (SEM) and qualitative approaches. Before conducting SEM, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to check the data's goodness-of-fit to the model, convergent and discriminant validity, and indicator and composite reliability. It was revealed that except for the service quality and the physical environment quality, brand image was shown to be the most significantly positive antecedent of consumer satisfaction, followed by food quality and pricing fairness. Customer satisfaction then affected the amount of customer loyalty. The study findings made significant advances to current theories and management implications, specifically when assessing success determinants in fast-food restaurants.
Studies in the Glossopteris flora of India - 33. Fossil plants and miospores from the coal bearing beds of the Umaria coalfield with some remarks on the age of the beds

The age of the coal-bearing beds of the Umaria coalfield is an stratigraphical controversy in Indian Lower Gondwana System. Views have been expressed in the past by several workers to consider them as equivalent to the Barakar stage, however, others opined it to be Karharbari in age. The present investigations of the paleobotanical content of these beds suggest that they are more or less homotaxial to the Karharbari beds of the Giridih coalfield.
Hierarchical Bayesian Image Models

Despite many years of research object recognition remains a hard task for automated systems. In contrast, the tasks in object recognition come very easily to us humans. This has inspired much work in trying to replicate the human abilities by modeling one or more aspects of the human visual system based on the vast amount of research that has been carried out on it and related systems (i.e. visual systems of animals that share much of the brain structure with us, like cats, mice, and monkeys). Bayesian statistics has proven to be a very powerful too in the design, control, and use of such systems. Also it provides a strong mathematical toolset to combine the vast amount of research that has been carried out in the field of image analysis in particular and pattern recognition in general. In this chapter I will introduce Bayesian image models that are constructed in a hierarchical fashion strongly motivated by the human visual system. To do this I briefly review both Bayesian statistics and relevant neurophysiological and psychophysical findings on the human visual system. Then I proceed to introduce the principle of a Bayesian hierarchical image model of such a system. I then proceed to explain the construction of such systems for various applications and highlight the power but also the problems that these systems possess. In the course of this we will demonstrate the capabilities of some of those systems on artificial and real world tasks and wrap up with a conclusion.
A high-statistics study of the nucleon EM form factors, axial charge and quark momentum fraction

We present updated results for the nucleon axial charge and electromagnetic (EM) form factors, which include a significant increase in statistics for all ensembles (up to 4000 measurements), as well as the addition of ensembles with pion masses down to $m_\pi\sim195$ MeV. We also present results for the average quark momentum fraction. The new data allows us to perform a thorough study of the systematic effects encountered in the lattice extraction. We concentrate on systematic effects due to excited-state contaminations for each of the quantities, which we check using several different time separations between the operators at the source and sink through a comparison of plateau fits and the summed operator insertion method (which provides a mechanism to suppress the excited-state contamination). We confirm our earlier finding that a reliable extraction of the axial charge must be based on a method which eliminates excited-state contaminations. Similar conclusions apply to our EM form factor calculations . The measurements are calculated using the CLS ensembles with non-perturbatively O(a) improved Wilson fermions in $N_f=2$ QCD.
Is Three Company or a Crowd? Comparing and Contrasting U.S. and European Clostridioides difficile Clinical Practice Guidelines

In 2021, the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG), the Infectious Diseases Society of America in conjunction with the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (IDSA/SHEA), and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) published updated clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the management of Clostridioides difficile infections. The differences, sometimes subtle, between these guideline recommendations have caused some debate among clinicians. This paper delves into select key recommendations from each respective CPG and analyzes the differences and evidence associated with each. One primary difference between the CPGs is the preference given to fidaxomicin over vancomycin for initial treatment in non-severe and severe disease endorsed by IDSA/SHEA and ESCMID guidelines, while the ACG-sponsored CPGs do not offer a preference. The emphasis on cost effective data was also a noticeable difference between the CPGs and thus interpretation of the available evidence. When using guidelines to help support local practice or institutional treatment pathways, clinicians should carefully balance CPG recommendations with local patient populations and feasibility of implementation, especially when multiple guidelines for the same disease state exist.
Renewable energy and economic growth hypothesis: Evidence from N-11 countries

In the recent years, the trend of environmental sustainability is rapidly increasing by adopting renewable energy resources. However, the main concern is that whether renewable energy consumption contributes to economic growth. To investigate the issue, this study analyzes renewable energy led economic growth hypothesis in the Next-11 economies over the period 1990 – 2020. Also, this study aims to examine the influence of industry value added, gross national expenditure, and trade openness on economic growth of these economies. Along with the second-generation panel unit root test, this study employed the non-parametric panel data approach, i.e., quantile method of moments regression. The estimated results reveal the slopes coefficients are heterogeneous and cross-sectional dependency is present in the panel. The non-parametric approach reveals that validity of renewable energy led growth hypothesis. Also, the industry value added, gross national expenditure, and trade openness are found positively affecting economic growth of these economies. The panel causality test gives indication of the two way causal association between the variables. Based on the obtained results, policy implications are also provided for governors and researchers.
Flower Opening, Pollen Shedding, Stigma Receptivity and Pollen Tube Growth in the Cranberry1

Cranberry flower development was studied in the greenhouse on uprights thinned to a single flower. Flowers started opening each hour of the day. The interval from petal separation to fully open flowers varied from 2 to 12 hr with 80% of the flowers fully open within 6 hr. Elongation of the style and emergence of the stigma through the anther ring occurred on 94% of the flowers during the 24 - 48 hr period after the petals were fully reflexed. The stigma was pollen receptive at the time of petal separation. The pollen tube had traversed the style 48 hr after pollination in 37% of the flowers examined. Removal of the style 72 hr after pollination no longer prevented fruit development.
Volatility Spillovers between Stock Market and Hedge Funds: Evidence from Asia Pacific Region

This paper investigates the nature of volatility spillovers between stock returns and hedge funds returns in twelve Asia Pacific countries in the 1997–2018 period. The sample period encompasses sub periods, 1997 Asia financial crisis, 2008 Global financial crisis and 2010 Eurozone crisis; these sub periods were characterised by financial upheavals. We apply the EGARCH methodology to model volatility and volatility spillovers in and between the markets. Our results show that the volatility of stock returns does not affect the volatility of hedge funds returns; however, there are inconsistent evidence of unidirectional volatility spillover from hedge funds to stock market returns.
Use of Nanoparticles to Prevent Resistance to Antibiotics—Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanosystems Based on Tetracycline

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious public health problem worldwide which, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), requires research into new and more effective drugs. In this work, both gold nanoparticles covered with 16-3-16 cationic gemini surfactant (Au@16-3-16) and DNA/tetracycline (DNA/TC) intercalated complexes were prepared to effectively transport tetracycline (TC). Synthesis of the Au@16-3-16 precursor was carried out by using trihydrated gold, adding sodium borohydride as a reducing agent and the gemini surfactant 16-3-16 as stabilizing agent. Circular dichroism and atomic force microscopy techniques were then used to ascertain the optimal R range of the relationship between the concentrations of Au@16-3-16 and the DNA/TC complex (R = CAu@16-3-16/CDNA) that allow the obtainment of stable and compact nanosystems, these characteristics being fundamental for their use as antibiotic transporters. Stability studies over time were carried out for distinct selected Au@16-3-16 and Au@16-3-16/DNA-TC nanoformulations using the ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry technique, checking their stability for at least one month. In addition, in order to know the charge and size distribution of the nanocomplexes, DLS and zeta potential measurements were performed in the solution. The results showed that the characterized nanosystems were highly charged, stable and of a reduced size (<100 nm) that allows them to cross bacterial membranes effectively (>1 μm). Once the different physicochemical characteristics of the gold nanosystems were measured, Au@16-3-16 and Au@16-3-16/DNA-TC were tested on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to study their antibacterial properties and internalization capacity in microbes. Differences in the interaction of the precursors and the compacted nanosystems generated were observed in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, possibly due to membrane damage or electrostatic interaction with internalization by endocytosis. In the internalization experiments, depending on the treatment application time, the greatest bacterial destruction was observed for all nanoformulations explored at 18 h of incubation. Importantly, the results obtained demonstrate that both new nanosystems based on TC and Au@16-3-16 precursors have optimal antimicrobial properties and would be beneficial for use in patients, avoiding possible side effects.
Plasma Small Extracellular Vesicle Cathepsin D Dysregulation in GRN/C9orf72 and Sporadic Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration

Emerging data suggest the roles of endo-lysosomal dysfunctions in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and in other dementias. Cathepsin D is one of the major lysosomal proteases, mediating the degradation of unfolded protein aggregates. In this retrospective study, we investigated cathepsin D levels in human plasma and in the plasma small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) of 161 subjects (40 sporadic FTLD, 33 intermediate/pathological C9orf72 expansion carriers, 45 heterozygous/homozygous GRN mutation carriers, and 43 controls). Cathepsin D was quantified by ELISA, and nanoparticle tracking analysis data (sEV concentration for the cathepsin D level normalization) were extracted from our previously published dataset or were newly generated. First, we revealed a positive correlation of the cathepsin D levels with the age of the patients and controls. Even if no significant differences were found in the cathepsin D plasma levels, we observed a progressive reduction in plasma cathepsin D moving from the intermediate to C9orf72 pathological expansion carriers. Observing the sEVs nano-compartment, we observed increased cathepsin D sEV cargo (ng/sEV) levels in genetic/sporadic FTLD. The diagnostic performance of this biomarker was fairly high (AUC = 0.85). Moreover, sEV and plasma cathepsin D levels were positively correlated with age at onset. In conclusion, our study further emphasizes the common occurrence of endo-lysosomal dysregulation in GRN/C9orf72 and sporadic FTLD.
Topology and convection of a northward interplanetary magnetic field reconnection event

Topology and Convection of a Northward Interplanetary Magnetic Field Reconnection Event by Deirdre E. Wendel From observations and global MHD simulations, we deduce the local and global magnetic topology and current structure of a northward IMF reconnection event in the dayside magnetopause. The ESA four-satellite Cluster suite crossed the magnetopause at a location mapping along field lines to an ionospheric H-alpha emission observed by the IMAGE spacecraft. Therefore, we seek reconnection signatures in the Cluster data. From the fourpoint Cluster observations, we develop a superposed epoch method to find the instantaneous x-line, its associated current sheet, and the nature of the reconnecting particle flows. This method is unique in that it removes the motion of the hyperbolic structure and the magnetopause relative to the spacecraft. We detect singular field line reconnection— planar hyperbolic reconnecting fields superposed on an out-of-plane field. We also detect the parallel electric field that is required to certify reconnection at locations where the magnetic field does not vanish, and estimate a reconnection electric field of 4 mV/m. The current sheet appears bifurcated, embedding a 30 km current sheet of opposite polarity within a broader current sheet about 130 km thick. Using a resistive MHD simulation and ionospheric satellite data, we examine the same event at global length scales. This gives a 3D picture of where reconnection occurs on the magnetopause for northward IMF with Bx and By components and a tilted dipole field. It also demonstrates that northward IMF 3D reconnection couples the reconnection electric field and field-aligned currents to the ionosphere, driving sunward convection in a manner that agrees with satellite measurements of sunward flows. We find singular field line reeonnection of the IMF with both open and closed field lines near nulls in both hemispheres. The reeonnection in turn produces both open and closed field lines. We discuss for the first time how line-tying in the ionosphere and draping of open and IMF field lines produce a torsion of the reconnecting singular magnetic field lines within the magnetopause. The simulation and data show that magnetopause reeonnection topology is three-dimensional in a way that challenges accepted models of neutral lines and x-lines with guide fields.