Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Latissimus dorsi flap – the main force in breast reconstruction for breast tumor in Chinese population

Background The latissimus dorsi flap (LDF) is the most commonly used autologous flap for breast reconstruction (BR) in China. We conducted this study to explore the current status of BR using LDF with/without implants. Methods This study was a single-center retrospective study that included breast tumor patients who underwent LDF breast reconstruction at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) between 2000 and 2021. Results We analyzed 4918 patients who underwent postmastectomy BR, including 1730 patients (35.2%) with autologous flaps. LDF was used for BR in 1093 (22.2%) patients, and an abdominal flap was used in 637 (13.0%) patients. The proportion of LDFs used in autologous BR patients decreased each year and dropped to approximately 65.0% after 2013 due to the increased use of abdominal flaps. Among these patients, 609 underwent extended LDF (ELDF) BR, 455 underwent LDF BR with implants, and 30 received a LDF as a salvage flap due to previous flap or implant failure. Patients who underwent ELDF reconstruction were older and had a higher BMI than those who received a LDF with implants. There was no significant difference in the mean postoperative hospital stay, neoadjuvant chemotherapy rates, or adjuvant radiotherapy rates between the two groups. Major complications requiring surgical intervention occurred in 25 patients (2.29%). There was no significant difference in the incidence of major complications between the two groups (P=0.542). Conclusions LDF breast reconstruction is a well-developed and safe procedure. The duration of postoperative hospitalization nor the incidence of major complications was affected by implant use.
Enhancing Conversational Model With Deep Reinforcement Learning and Adversarial Learning

This paper develops a Chatbot conversational model that is aimed to achieve two goals: 1) utilizing contextual information to generate accurate and relevant responses, and 2) implementing strategies to make conversations human-like. We propose a supervised learning approach for model development and make use of a dataset consisting of multi-turn conversations for model training. In particular, we first develop a module based on deep reinforcement learning to maximize the utilization of contextual information serving as insurance for accurate response generation. Then, we incorporate the response generation process into an adversarial learning framework so as to make the generated response more human-like. Using these two phases in combination eventually results in a unified model that generates semantically appropriate responses that are also expressed naturally as human-generated in the conversation. We conducted various experiments and obtained a significant improvement compared to the baseline and other related studies.
Next generation multi-scale quantum simulations for strongly correlated materials

This thesis represents our effort to develop the next generation multi-scale quantum simulation methods suitable for strongly-correlated materials, where complicated phasediagrams prevail, suggesting complicated underlying physics. We first give a detailed description of the parquet formalism. With its help, different approximate methods can be unified and a hierarchy of approximate methods with different accuracies and computational complexity can thus be designed. Next, we present a numerical solution of the parquet approximation. Results on the Hubbard model are compared to those obtained from Determinant Quantum Monte Carlo (DQMC), FLuctuation EXchange (FLEX), and self-consistent second-order approximation methods. The comparison shows a satisfactory agreement with DQMC and a significant improvement over the FLEX or the self-consistent second-order approximation. The parquet formalism can also be used to analyze the superconducting mechanism of the high-temperature superconductors. The dynamical cluster approximation (DCA) method is used to understand the proximity of the superconducting dome to the quantum critical point in the 2-D Hubbard model. At optimal doping, where Vd is revealed to be featureless, we find a power-law behavior of χ0d(ω = 0), replacing the BCS logarithm behavior, and strongly enhanced Tc. After that we propose another multi-scale approach by combining the DCA and the recently introduced dual-fermion formalism. Within this approach, short and long length scale physics is addressed by the DCA cluster calculation, while intermediate length scale physics is addressed diagrammatically using dual fermions. The bare and dressed dual fermionic Green functions scale as O(1/Lc), so perturbation theory on the dual lattice converges very quickly. Lastly, we study the responses to dynamical modulation of the optical lattice potential by analyzing properties of the repulsive fermionic Hubbard model in an optical lattice. We provide numerical evidence showing the modulations by on-site local interaction cannot be ignored, and instead can even strongly contribute to the dynamical behaviors of the system in highly-doped cases.
Veiled Attributes of the Variational Autoencoder

Variational autoencoders (VAE) represent a popular, flexible form of deep generative model that can be stochastically fit to samples from a given random process using an information-theoretic variational bound on the true underlying distribution. Once so-obtained, the model can be putatively used to generate new samples from this distribution, or to provide a low-dimensional latent representation of existing samples. While quite effective in numerous application domains, certain important mechanisms which govern the behavior of the VAE are obfuscated by the intractable integrals and resulting stochastic approximations involved. Moreover, as a highly non-convex model, it remains unclear exactly how minima of the underlying energy relate to original design purposes. We attempt to better quantify these issues by analyzing a series of tractable special cases of increasing complexity. In doing so, we unveil interesting connections with more traditional dimensionality reduction models, as well as an intrinsic yet underappreciated propensity for robustly dismissing outliers when estimating latent manifolds. With respect to the latter, we demonstrate that the VAE can be viewed as the natural evolution of recent robust PCA models, capable of learning nonlinear manifolds obscured by gross corruptions. However, this previously unexplored feature comes with the cost of potential model collapse to a degenerate distribution that may be less suitable as the basis for generating new samples.
Numerical solution of plane constrained shear problem for single crystals within continuum dislocation theory

Within the recently proposed Continuum Dislocation Theory (CDT), numerical solutions of simple shear test for single crystals strip using finite elements are performed. Under the assumption of plane constrained deformation of crystal having only one active slip system, the plastic slip, the dislocation density as well as the stress‐strain curve are computed. The results of numerical simulations are compared with those obtained from analytical solutions which show good agreement. (© 2017 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Management of type 2 diabetes in pregnancy: a narrative review

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) at reproductive age is rising. Women with T2DM have a similarly high risk for pregnancy complications as pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. To reduce adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, such as preeclampsia and preterm delivery, a multi-target approach is necessary. Tight glycemic control together with appropriate gestational weight gain, lifestyle measures, and if necessary, antihypertensive treatment and low-dose aspirin is advised. This narrative review discusses the latest evidence on preconception care, management of diabetes-related complications, lifestyle counselling, recommendations on gestational weight gain, pharmacologic treatment and early postpartum management of T2DM.
Improved Wald Statistics for Item-Level Model Comparison in Diagnostic Classification Models

Diagnostic classification models (DCMs) have been widely used in education, psychology, and many other disciplines. To select the most appropriate DCM for each item, the Wald test has been recommended. However, prior research has revealed that this test provides inflated Type I error rates. To address this problem, the authors propose to replace the asymptotic covariance matrix from the original version of the Wald statistic with a matrix obtained from improved computation methods. In this study, the Wald test based on the observed information matrix and the Wald test based on the sandwich-type matrix are proposed for item-level model comparisons and a simulation study is conducted to investigate their empirical behavior. Simulation results indicate that when the sample size is reasonably large ( N ≥ 1 , 000 ), the Type I error rates of the Wald test based on the sandwich-type matrix are accurate with adequate or excellent power under most of the simulation conditions.
SNS Use, Depression Symptoms and the Moderating Role of Attachment Amongst Emerging Adults

Accumulating research suggests the positive relationship between Social Network Sites (SNS) use and depression symptoms. However, it is still unclear how the relationship between SNS use and depression develops and what are the contributing factors. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between SNS use, symptoms of depression and attachment styles. Additionally, the study tested the moderation effect of insecure attachment on the relationship between SNS use and depression symptoms. A total of 266 participants aged 18-25 years old, students of a public university in Penang, Malaysia completed an online survey containing SNS use self-report, Bergen’s Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) and Relationship Experiences in Close Relationships – Revised Questionnaire (ECR-R). Findings suggested a significant relationship between SNS use and depression symptoms. Additionally, findings showed that insecure attachment, characterized by attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance, was significantly associated with depression symptoms. It is observed that attachment anxiety was only marginally significant in moderating the relationship between SNS use and depression symptoms. Theoretically, this study suggested the role of attachment as a possible antecedent of depression symptoms, as well as a potential moderator in the relationship between SNS use and depression symptoms. Findings of this study highlight the importance of establishing and nurturing a secure caretaker-child bond which could promote more mental resilience and serve as a buffer to negative SNS use effects.
The youth social media literacy inventory: Development and validation using item response theory in the US

ABSTRACT Social media has opened new doors of opportunities and risks for youth. Potential risks include exposure to harmful content, engagement with strangers, or unwanted consequences from irresponsible or naive use. Social media literacy has been proposed as a way to mitigate such risks and promote positive ways of social media engagement. This paper aimed to develop a comprehensive Youth Social Media Literacy Inventory (YSMLI) to objectively assess young adolescents’ (9–13 years) knowledge and skills in the context of social media use. The development process included four consecutive steps: 1) an in-depth review of the literature to identify core competencies and domains of social media literacy, 2) creation of a large item pool that assesses these core competencies within six domains (advertising, cyberbullying, privacy, news, phishing, and media balance), 3) expert review and cognitive pretesting with youth, and 4) empirical validation of the final 90-item pool using item response theory based on a sample of n = 306 youth participants in the US. The final item bank is well-fitting, reliable, and valid, offering scales with varying lengths for different purposes including domain-specific assessment and parallel testing. IMPACT SUMMARY Prior State of Knowledge Social media literacy has been proposed as a way to mitigate risks and maximize the benefits of social media use. Yet, there are currently no objectives and validated measures for assessing young children’s social media literacy knowledge and skills. Novel Contributions We developed and validated the Youth Social Media Literacy Inventory, a 90-item bank, that can be used to objectively assess youth’s social media literacy. Due to its excellent psychometric properties, it allows scholars to create scales of varying length and for different research purposes. Practical Implications Educators and researchers can use the inventory to assess the effectiveness of social media literacy interventions; compare levels of social media literacy across groups, schools, or populations; and assess antecedents and consequences of social media literacy.
Family function and adolescent altruistic behavior: the multiple mediating effects of self-affirmation and psychological resilience

Introduction The current study aimed to explore the relationship between family function and adolescent altruistic behavior, as well as the mediating effects of self-affirmation and psychological resilience in this relationship. Methods A survey was conducted on 972 high school students in Guangdong Province using the Family APGAR, GHQSense of Adequacy, Chinese version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Altruistic Behavior Scale. Results Results found that the score of psychological resilience of males was significantly higher than that of females, but the score of altruistic behavior was significantly lower than that of females. Family function had a positive predictive effect on altruistic behavior. Psychological resilience played a mediating role between family function and altruistic behavior. Self-affirmation and psychological resilience played chain mediating roles between family function and altruistic behavior. Discussion This study indicated that family care is crucial for the development of adolescent altruistic behavior, and that it can promote the development of altruistic behavior through the enhancement of self-affirmation and psychological resilience.
The classical limit of relativistic extended thermodynamics

The non-relativistic limit of Relativistic Extended Thermodynamics, a theory that guarantees hyperbolic field equations from the very beginning on, is analysed. The relations between a) relativistic and non-relativistic variables; b) relativistic and non-relativistic constitutive functions are systematically developed. Furthermore it is shown that the relativistic dynamic pressure, a quantity that is relativistically small in a non-reacting gas becomes measurable in a reacting gas On etudie la limite non relativiste de la thermodynamique relativiste etendue, une theorie qui garantit des le depart l'hyperbolicite des equations de champ. On developpe les relations entre: a) les variables relativistes et non relativistes; b) les fonctions constitutives relativistes et non relativistes. On montre que la pression dynamique relativiste, qui est petite en theorie relativiste dans un gaz non reactif, devient mesurable dans un gaz reactif
One Health and Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Communities: A One Health Pilot Study

Many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities face barriers in accessing animal healthcare and are exposed to disproportionate environmental health exposures leading to increased risk of disease. A One Health approach has been promoted to address public health risks and improve human, animal, and environmental health outcomes in communities. We undertook a pilot One Health study in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in Queensland collecting animal, human, and environmental health data from 82 households. We performed a descriptive analysis and assessed the association between human and environmental health exposures and animal health outcomes. Most households were not crowded (82.9%) but did report a high level of environmental health concerns (86.6%). The majority of households owned cats and dogs (81.7%), with most animals assessed as healthy. There was no association between human and environmental health exposures and animal health outcomes. As most households experienced concerns regarding housing conditions, environmental health programs should prioritise improving household factors. There was also strong support for animal healthcare (including access to medicines and veterinarians, education programs and population management), indicating that a One Health approach is desired by communities.
A Hybrid Analysis of Consumer Preference for Domestic Products: Combining PLS-SEM and ANN Approaches

Abstract This study aims to investigate the factors influencing Algerian consumers’ willingness to purchase domestic cosmetics products over French imported products. The study employs a hybrid methodology, combining Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling approaches. Data were collected from 237 Algerian consumers through snowball sampling and an online survey. The results indicate that consumer ethnocentrism, consumer animosity, product quality judgment, and perceived price significantly influence willingness to buy domestic cosmetic products. The ANN results support these findings, revealing that consumer ethnocentrism is the key predictor factor with the greatest normalized importance ratio. Furthermore, a significant mediating role of product quality judgment was found in the relationship between consumer ethnocentrism, perceived price, and willingness to buy domestic cosmetic products. The study provides insights for marketers interested in the Algerian market, helping them to better understand consumer behavior, particularly in the context of cosmetics products. This study is unique in its focus on the assessment of global vs. domestic cosmetic product usage in developing nations such as Algeria.
ANESTHETIC BLOCK OF THE INTERTRANSVERSE SEPTUM, A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the influence of intertransverse septal anesthetic block (BASIT) on postoperative pain in lumbar spine surgery. Methods: The study was carried out prospectively and observationally. Were included 105 patients who underwent posterior lumbar spine surgery, divided into two groups: 35 patients in the experimental group, who received BASIT at the end of the procedure, and 70 patients in the control group, without BASIT. Patients were assessed for low back pain (visual pain scale), opioid consumption on the 1st postoperative day, complications related to the procedure, and length of stay after surgery. Results: The sample consisted of 46 men and 59 women, with a mean age of 57.7 years (21 to 90 years). Mean postoperative pain in the experimental group was 1.88, and in the control group 2.11 (p<0.05). There was a trend towards less morphine use in the experimental group with p = 0.053. There was a statistical difference in morphine consumption between patients who did not previously use opioids and those who already used them (p 0.04). There was no difference between the groups regarding length of stay. Conclusion: Anesthetic blockade of the intertransverse septum reduced the consumption of opioids and the levels of low back pain after surgery (p<0.05), with no statistical difference in length of hospital stay or complications related to the technique. Level of Evidence II; Clinical Prospective Study.
Attitudes towards the children immunization at population level in Sheikh Maltoon Town, Mardan, KPK

Introduction: Vaccine is a substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases, prepared from causative agent of disease, its products or a synthetic substitute, treated to act as an antigen without inducing the disease. In current world, vaccine is the most effective method of preventing infectious disease. It is also one of the cost effective method against high morbid diseases. Although despite its effectiveness, proper vaccination has not been achieved. This could be the result of defect in the any step in the conduction of vaccination of process but the most important factor affecting vaccination is attitudes of population towards immunization and different barriers for population for achieving proper vaccination. Our study is important because so far, there is no such study done in the setting of sheikh maltoon town, Mardan, KPK. Objectives: Our objectives were: 1) To determine the different attitudes of parents towards children immunization, 2) To determine different myths and beliefs regarding immunization. Methodology: The study design used for the study was cross-sectional, conducted in the setting of sheikh maltoon town, mardan, kpk.
On the Acquisition of the PrenominalPlacement of Evaluative Adjectives in L2 Spanish

There has been little research in second language (L2) acquisition of noun placement with respect to adjectives within the generative grammar framework. The few L2 studies on noun placement with respect to typically prenominal versus postnominal adjectives essentially report that the target order can be acquired, with a potential L1 effect initially. For instance, Gess and Herschensohn (2001) looked at the acquisition of French by English-speaking learners, while Parodi et al. (1997) investigated L2 acquisition of German by native speakers of Korean, Turkish, Italian, and Spanish. Assuming that languages exhibit parametric differences related to noun-movement, presumably due to differences in strength of the Number feature, the findings are held to show that parameter resetting is possible in L2 acquisition, hence providing evidence for the availability of Universal Grammar (UG) in foreign language learning. However, these studies have not looked in great detail at noun-adjective ordering. In particular, they have not distinguished between different types of adjectives (e.g. Gess and Herschensohn 2001). They also have ignored important semantic restrictions related to adjective placement. Anderson (2001) is an exception to this pattern. He showed that target knowledge of semantic consequences of adjective placement in French can be reached in L2 acquisition. In this paper, we further investigate knowledge of adjectival ordering restrictions in foreign language learning, by focusing on L2 acquisition of evaluative adjectives (EAs) in Spanish by French learners. Such adjectives can be easily preposed in Spanish, unlike in French. As shown below, we assume that EAs are equipped with an interpretable Focus/Degree feature, which triggers EA movement to a prenominal position. We show that Focus/Degree movement of EAs in Spanish can be acquired due to the availability of the target feature to our learners, either via the L1 (Schwartz and Sprouse 1996) or via the general availability of interpretable features in L2 acquisition (Tsimpli 2003), but that the acquisition of the right pairing between the feature and target lexical items is gradual, which yields some variability in the learning process (see Herschensohn 2000; Sorace 2003, 2004, 2005).