Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surgical Margin Status after Breast Conservation Surgery at Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi

The conservation of the breast in a woman after diagnosis of breast cancer plays a vital role in the overall management of the patient. While the cosmetic outcome enhances the patients’ self-image, assurance of clear margins is essential in prognostication. An analysis was carried out to assess the adequacy of surgical margins at our unit. Methodology: Retrospective analysis of breast surgery for breast cancer patients was done from 2008 to 2011 at Aga Khan University Hospital. Results: Twenty one patients with breast cancer had breast conservation surgery with an average age of 44.8 years. The commonest histological diagnosis (71.4%) was invasive ductal carcinoma. Negative margins were obtained in 85.7%. Modified radical mastectomy was performed on patients who had residual tumour after re-excision. Conclusion: Breast conservation surgery can yield acceptable margin status with appropriate clinical and radiological selection of patients with early breast cancer. Key Words : Breast conservation surgery, Surgical margins
Convection at the indoor side of complex fenestration systems: the ASHWAT model revisited

This paper examines the three-temperature problem of convection at the indoor side of a complex fenestration system (CFS) based on recent theoretical developments, namely the extended Newton formulation and the dQdT technique. CFD solutions were obtained for natural convection at the indoor side of various CFS configurations. The dQdT technique was then implemented numerically to obtain the paired heat transfer coefficients of each configuration. The results were used to assess the approximate relations used in the ASHRAE Window ATachment (ASHWAT) tool. The comparison shows that while there is remarkable agreement between the ASHWAT estimates and dQdT results for roller blinds, discrepancies exist between results for venetian blinds. Furthermore, although use of a delta resistor network to model convection at the indoor side is valid and relatively accurate for roller blinds, the application of this model to CFSs with venetian blinds requires additional levels of approximation. Nevertheless, the heat transfer rates calculated based on the approximate resistor-network model are in close agreement with the CFD results.
(2016). Right internal thoracic artery versus radial artery as the second best arterial conduit. Insights from a meta-analysis of propensity-matched data on long term survival. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery , 152 (4), 1083-1091.

Objective(s): We conducted a meta-analysis of propensity score matching (PSM) studies comparing long term survival of patients receiving right internal thoracic artery (RITA) versus radial artery (RA) as second arterial conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science to identify relevant articles. Primary end-point was long term mortality. Secondary end-points were: operative mortality and incidence of sternal wound infection and repeat revascularization. Binary event were pooled with DerSimonian and Laird method. For time to event outcomes, estimates of log hazard ratio (HR) and standard errors obtained were combined using the generic inverse-variance method. Results: A total 8 PSM studies were finally selected including 15374 patients (RITA=6739; RA=8635) with 2992 matched pairs for final comparison. Mean follow-up time ranged from 45 to 168 months. When compared to RA, RITA was associated with a lower risk reduction of late death (HR 0.75; 95%CI 0.58-0.97; P=0.028) and repeat revascularization (HR 0.37; 95%CI 0.16-0.85; P=0.03). On the other hand, RITA did not increase operative mortality (OR 1.53; 95%CI 0.97; 2.39; P=0.07). RITA was associated with an increased risk of sternal wound complication when pedicled harvesting was used (OR 3.18; 95%CI 1.34-7.57) but not with skeletonized harvesting (OR 1.07; 95%CI 0.67-1.71). Conclusions: The present PSM data meta-analysis suggests that the use of the RITA when compared to the RA was associated with superior long term survival and freedom from repeat revascularization with similar operative mortality and
Antiretroviral Therapy Chronic HIV Infection Are Not Restored by T Cell Responses in + Central Memory CD4

A strong CD4 (cid:1) T cell response has been correlated with better control of HIV infection. However, the effect of HIV on the maintenance of Ag-speciﬁc memory CD4 (cid:1) T cells is not fully understood. We characterized the function and phenotype of memory CD4 (cid:1) T cells generated by mumps and inﬂuenza A or B viruses in HIV-infected individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy ( n (cid:2) 21), HIV-infected long-term nonprogressors ( n (cid:2) 10), and HIV-seronegative volunteers ( n (cid:2) 10). We observed signiﬁcantly decreased proliferation of the Ag-speciﬁc central memory CD4 (cid:1) T cell population (CD28 (cid:1) /CCR7 (cid:1) /CD45RA (cid:3) ) in the antiretroviral treated HIV-infected individuals compared with the seronegative controls. Restored CD4 (cid:1) T cell count and decreased HIV viral load while on highly active antiretroviral therapy did not result in increased proliferation, whereas nadir CD4 (cid:1) T cell count predicted the presence of Ag-speciﬁc proliferation. Our results indicate that HIV infection leads to impaired maintenance of virus-induced or vaccine-generated central memory CD4 (cid:1) T cells that is not restored by HAART. The Journal of Immunology, 2004, 173: 2184–2189.
3 (cid:2) 3 LEMMA FOR STAR-EXACT SEQUENCES

A regular category is said to be normal when it is pointed and every regular epimorphism in it is a normal epimorphism. Any abelian category is normal, and in a normal category one can deﬁne short exact sequences in a similar way as in an abelian category. Then, the corresponding 3 (cid:2) 3 lemma is equivalent to the so-called subtractivity, which in universal algebra is also known as congruence 0-permutability. In the context of non-pointed regular categories, short exact sequences can be replaced with “exact forks” and then, the corresponding 3 (cid:2) 3 lemma is equivalent, in the universal algebraic terminology, to congruence 3-permutability; equivalently, regular categories satisfying such 3 (cid:2) 3 lemma are precisely the Goursat categories. We show how these two seemingly independent results can be uniﬁed in the context of star-regular categories recently introduced in a joint work of A. Ursini and the ﬁrst two authors.
cell changes associated with in

Objective To identify short-term changes in gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) associated with treatment response to dimethyl fumarate (DMF, Tec ﬁ dera) in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). Methods Blood samples were collected from 24 patients with RRMS (median Expanded Disability Status Scale score, 2.0; range 1 – 7) at baseline, 6 weeks, and 15 months after the initiation of treatment with DMF (BG-12; Tec ﬁ dera). Seven healthy controls were also recruited, and blood samples were collected over the same time intervals. PBMCs were extracted from blood samples and sequenced using next-generation RNA sequencing. Treatment responders were de ﬁ ned using the composite outcome measure “ no evidence of disease activity ” (NEDA-4). Time-course and cross-sectional di ﬀ erential expression analyses were performed to identify transcriptomic markers of treatment response.
Lumbar spinal stenosis associated with progression of locomotive syndrome and lower extremity muscle weakness Clinical Interventions in Aging

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the early stages of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and the risk of locomotive syndrome, as well as its effect upon muscle strength of the back, upper extremities, and lower extremities. Patients and methods: LSS was diagnosed with a self-administered, self-reported history questionnaire. Participants (n=113) who agreed to be tested by the diagnostic support tool for LSS underwent three risk tests for locomotive syndrome: a stand-up test, a two-step test, and a 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-25), as well as measurements of the strength of their grip, back extensor, hip ﬂ exor, and knee extensor muscles. Results: Twenty-three participants were diagnosed with LSS by the questionnaire. Results of the stand-up test in the LSS group were signi ﬁ cantly worse than those in the no-LSS group ( P =0.003). The results of the two-step test and the total score on the GLFS-25 in the LSS group were signi ﬁ cantly worse than those in the no-LSS group ( P =0.002 and P <0.0001, respectively). The stages of locomotive syndrome assessed by the stand-up test, two-step test, and the GLFS-25 were signi ﬁ cantly worse in the LSS group than in the no-LSS group ( P =0.0004, P =0.0007, and P <0.0001, respectively). Hip ﬂ exor and knee extensor strength, but not grip and back extensor strength, in the LSS group were signi ﬁ cantly lower than that in the no-LSS group. Conclusions: LSS diagnosed using the self-reported support tool worsened the stage of locomotive syndrome in older people. Furthermore, participants with LSS had signi ﬁ cant lower extremity weakness.
results from a prospective population-based birth

Objectives This study examined bullying roles during an academic year and how changes affected symptoms of depression, psychological distress and suicidal ideation in a sample of 1424 middle and high school students. Methods The students completed two self-administered questionnaires, six months apart in 2014-2015. Results Students who had been victimised often and those who were classified as highly involved as both victims and bullies at one or both survey times showed significantly higher levels of depression, psychological distress, and suicidal ideation than other students. The mental health of adolescents for whom bullying involvement, either as a victim or bully, remained at low levels was similar to those who were not involved in any bullying. These consequences were mainly similar for both genders, except for the stable-low group, where females were more likely to be affected than males. Conclusion This is the first longitudinal analysis of bullying involvement among adolescents in Vietnam. It was found that high levels of stability or change in bullying involvement over time may predict the mental health of adolescents. However, gender should be considered as females were more sensitive than males at a low-level of involvement.
Comparative analysis of the novel infiltration model with other infiltration models

Variability in infiltration characteristics of soils creates need for selection of appropriate infiltration model. Recently, a novel infiltration model was proposed and reported to perform excellently in estimating infiltration rate of soils of Kurukshetra, India, however, this model need to be tested for its reliability at global level. In this regard, the present study analyses the reliability of the novel model based on infiltration database comprising of 16 data sets from different parts of the world to arrive at some generalized results on the reliability of novel model as compared to commonly used infiltration models. Comparative analysis reveals that out of the 16 data sets for 9 sites (57%). Horton model was found to be best model while novel model was found as best‐fit model in five cases (31%). Based on the present study and earlier investigations, it may be inferred that novel model could be a useful model to estimate infiltration rate in loams.
and fruit quality in apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.)

Introduction Leaf damage/defoliation caused by pests such as mites or disease (e.g., powdery mildew) or by phytotoxic damage following pesticide application can result in loss of leaf area at any time during the growing season. In particular, desiccating chemicals applied as blossom thinners during the duced leaf area (Bound and Jones, 2004). Although damage is usually restricted to slight marginal necrosis of the leaves when these chemicals are applied at the recommended label rates, many growers have questioned the impact of reduced leaf area on fruit quality. Kon et al. (2013) also reported a lack of improvement in fruit size and return bloom following severe leaf damage with a mechanical string thinner. For optimal fruit set, growth and quality, the importance of healthy spur leaves early in the season has been described ing has also been shown to reduce return bloom and fruit set the following year (Davis et al., 2000). Summary
Detect phosphorus deficiency using transients

One sentence summary: Time resolved chlorophyll a fluorescence is demonstrated to be a 26 unique tool to monitor bioactive P in plants and can be used to detect latent P deficiency. 27 Abstract 35 Phosphorus (P) is a finite natural resource and an essential plant macronutrient with major 36 impact on crop productivity and global food security. Here we demonstrate that time resolved 37 chlorophyll a fluorescence is a unique tool to monitor bioactive P in plants and can be used to 38 detect latent P deficiency. When plants suffer from P deficiency, the shape of the time dependent 39 fluorescence transients are altered distinctively, as the so-called I-step gradually straightens and 40 eventually disappears. This effect is shown to be fully reversible, as P resupply leads to a rapid 41 restoration of the I-step. The fading I-step suggests that the electron transport at photosystem I is 42 affected in P deficient plants. This is corroborated by the observation that differences at the I- 43 step in chlorophyll a fluorescence transients from healthy and P deficient plants can be 44 completely eliminated through prior reduction of PSI by far-red illumination. Moreover, it is 45 observed that the barley mutant Viridis-zb 63 , which is devoid of PSI activity, similarly does not 46 display the I-step. Among the essential plant nutrients, the effect of P deficiency is shown to be 47 specific and sufficiently sensitive to enable rapid in-situ determination of latent P deficiency 48 across different plant species thereby providing a unique tool for timely remediation of P 49 deficiency in agriculture. dibromothymoquinone treatments of pea leaves reveal the role of photosystem I in Latent manganese deficiency in barley can be diagnosed remediated the of
Implementing effective group work for mathematical understanding in primary school classrooms in Hong Kong*

The Hong Kong Education Bureau recommends that primary school pupils’ mathematical achievement be enhanced via collaborative discussions engendered by group work. This pedagogic change may be hindered by Confucian heritage classroom practices and Western-dominated group work approaches that predominate in Hong Kong. To overcome these obstacles, we introduced a relational approach to group work in a quasi-experimental study. Our sample included 20 teachers randomly allocated to experimental (12) and control (8) conditions and their 504 mathematics pupils (aged 9-10). The relational approach focused on the development of peer relationships in a culturally appropriate manner and was implemented over seven months. Pupils were pre-/post-tested for mathematical achievement and systematically observed, and the teachers were assessed for subject knowledge and pre-/post-tested for pedagogic efficacy. ANCOVA and HLM results show enhanced mathematical achievement, supported by improved peer-based communication skills and time-on-task for the experimental pupils. Experimental teachers raised their pedagogic efficacy. Results indicate the potential of the relational approach for boosting academic achievement via enhanced child-peer-teacher interaction and the need to reassess the role of peer-based latent collectivist learning in Confucian heritage classrooms.
Video-based multimodal spontaneous emotion recognition using facial expressions and physiological signals

Human’s affective state recognition remains a challenging topic due to the complexity of emotions, which involves experiential, behavioral, and physiological elements. Since it is difficult to comprehensively describe emotion in terms of single modalities, recent studies have focused on fusion strategy to exploit the complementarity of multimodal signals. In this article, we study the feasibility of fusing facial expressions with physiological cues on human emotion recognition accuracy. The contributions of this work are threefold: 1) We propose a new spatiotemporal network for facial expression recognition using a 3D squeeze and exitation based 3D Xception architecture (squeeze and exitation Xception network). 2) We adopt the first multiple modalities fusion using single input source which, to the best of our knowledge, no existing multimodal emotion recognition system has attempted to identify emotional state from only facial videos using facial expressions and physiological signals features. 3) We compare the performance of the uni-modal approach using only facial expressions or physiological data, to multimodal systems fusing facial expressions with video-based physiological cues. In our experiments, physiological signals such as the iPPG signal and features of heart rate variability measured remotely using the imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG) method are used. The preliminary results show that the multimodal fusion model improves the accuracy of emotion recognition, and merging facial expressions features with iPPG signal gives the best accuracy with 71.90 %.
Bacille Calmette-Guérin Vaccination Enhances Human γδ T Cell Responsiveness to Mycobacteria Suggestive of a Memory-Like Phenotype

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunity can be studied as one experimental model for mycobacterial protective immunity. We have used flow cytometry to investigate human T cell subsets induced by BCG vaccination. PBMC harvested from BCG-vaccinated individuals and controls were stimulated with mycobacterial Ags, and the T cell subsets present after 7 days of in vitro expansion were characterized. The most dramatic expansions induced by mycobacterial Ags were detected in γδ T cells. The γδ T cell expansions measured after in vitro stimulation with mycobacterial Ags were significantly greater in BCG responders compared with nonsensitized controls, indicating that BCG vaccination induced γδ T cell activation associated with enhanced secondary responses. The majority of γδ T cells induced by BCG vaccination were γ9+δ2+ T cells reactive with isoprenyl pyrophosphates. Coculture with CD4+ T cells induced optimal γδ T cell expansion, although IL-2 alone could provide this helper function in the absence of CD4+ T cells. γδ T cells were found to provide helper functions for mycobacterial specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well, demonstrating reciprocal stimulatory interactions between γδ T cells and other T cell subsets. Finally, prominent mycobacterial specific γδ T cell expansions were detected in a subset of unvaccinated controls with evidence for prior sensitization to mycobacterial lysates (elevated mycobacterial specific lymphoproliferative responses). These latter findings are consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to atypical mycobacteria or related environmental Ags may induce γδ T cells cross-reactive with Ags present in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Our results suggest that γδ T cells may be capable of developing a memory immune-like phenotype, and therefore might be important targets for new vaccines.
The Eﬀ ects of Competition on Jobs and Economic Transformation INSTITUTIONS

© 2020 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved. This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO), http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Dauda, Seidu. 2020. The Effects of Competition on Jobs and Economic Transformation. ” EFI Insight-Trade, Investment and Competitiveness. Washington, DC: World Bank. Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation. Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank. Third-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any thirdparty-owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to reuse a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. Cover design and layout: Diego Catto / www.diegocatto. com 4 EQUITABLE GROWTH, FINANCE & INSTITUTIONS INSIGHT >>>