Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the vulnerability to debris impacts of electrodynamic tethers during typical de-orbiting missions

De-orbiting devices based on the use of conducting tethers have been recently proposed as innovative solutions to mitigate the growth of orbital debris. Electrodynamic tether drag might actually provide a cost-effective method to rapidly and safely remove spent upper stages and defunct satellites from low Earth orbits. However, because of their small diameter, tethers of normal design may have a high probability of being severed by impacts with relatively small meteoroids and orbital debris. In order to assess the vulnerability of electrodynamic tether systems during typical de-orbiting missions, specific work has been carried out at ISTI/CNR (Pisa, Italy) and Kyushu University (Fukuoka, Japan) over the last few years, and suitable models and methods have been specifically developed for the analysis of single and double line tethers in circular orbit and aligned along the gravity gradient. The purpose of this paper is to present the two different approaches, which have been applied to realistic de-orbiting missions of spacecraft with inclinations up to about 75 deg and initial altitudes up to 1400 km.
Genesis of mid-ocean ridge basalts

Summary Analyses of the compositions of liquids from various melting experiments indicate that the liquids coexisting with magnesian olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and spinel at 10 kbar occupy a large volume in the normative projection OL-CPX-PL-SIL and that the application of the invariant melting concept analogous to the simple system CMAS is not warranted in the natural peridotite system. The compositions of magnesian mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) are similar to those of liquids coexisting with olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and spinel at 10 kbar. The relationships between Cr/(Cr+Al) in spinel and Mg/(Mg+Fe) in olivine or orthopyroxene in both abyssal peridotites and the solid phases of the melting experiments of peridotites indicate that abyssal peridotites may represent the residual materials after the extraction of liquids formed at pressures around 10 kbar. Reconstructed modal compositions of abyssal peridotites indicate that most of them included calcium-rich clinopyroxene at their solidus temperatures. It is suggested that many magnesian MORBs represent primary magmas formed at pressures around 10 kbar, leaving residual materials composed of olivine, orthopyroxene, calcium-rich clinopyroxene and spinel.
Carbon turnover rates in the One Tree Island reef: A 40-year perspective

[1] During November–December 2009 community rates of gross photosynthesis (Pg), respiration (R) and net calcification (Gnet) were estimated from low-tide slack water measurements of dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity at the historical station DK13 One Tree Island reef, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Compared to measurements made during the 1960s–1970s at DK13 in the same season,Pg increased from 833 to 914 mmol O2·m−2·d−1 and Pg:R increased from 1.14 to 1.30, indicating that the reef has become more autotrophic. In contrast, Gnet decreased from 133 mmol C·m−2·d−1 to 74 ± 24 mmol C·m−2·d−1. This decrease stems primarily from the threefold increase in nighttime CaCO3 dissolution from −2.5 mmol·m−2·h−1 to −7.5 mmol·m−2·h−1. Comparison of the benthic community survey results from DK13 and its vicinity conducted during this study and in studies from the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s suggest that there have been no significant changes in the live coral coverage during the past 40 years. The reduced Gnet most likely reflects the almost threefold increase in dissolution rates, possibly resulting from increased bioerosion due to changes in the biota (e.g., sea cucumbers, boring organisms) and/or from greater chemical dissolution produced by changing abiotic conditions over the past 40 years associated with climate change, such as increased temperatures and ocean acidification. However, at this stage of research on One Tree Island the effects of these changes are not entirely understood.
Destruction of volatile organic compounds used in a semiconductor industry by a capillary tube discharge reactor

Nonthermal plasma technologies offer an innovative approach to the problem of decomposing various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We focussed on dc capillary tube discharge plasma reactors to study the decomposition/destruction efficiency for toluene, EGM, trichloroethane, and trichloroethylene at 50 to 2300 ppm level in dry air. The effects of gas flow rate, VOC concentration, and reactor operating conditions on the decomposition and analysis of reactant conversion for each VOC were investigated. The results show that VOC destruction efficiency is as high as 90% even under a short residence time (3.8 ms) with a destruction energy efficiency of up to 9.5 g (VOC)/kWh. Laboratory-scale plasma technology was successfully demonstrated towards the application of VOC control in the semiconductor clean room environments.
Earthquake induced liquefaction analysis of Tendaho earth-fill dam

This paper presents earthquake induced liquefaction analysis of Tendaho earth-fill dam, which is part of Tendaho Dam and Irrigation Project; the largest irrigation project in Ethiopia to date. The dam is located in the most seismic part of Ethiopia and was originally designed to be founded on potentially liquefiable alluvium foundation. The analysis presented in this paper is the first of its kind in the country and has resulted in significant changes in the original design of Tendaho dam. Geological formations of the dam site, behavior of different materials used for building the dam, and site specific earthquake have been incorporated in the analysis. The dynamic analysis results revealed that the loosely deposited alluvium foundation would completely liquefy under earthquake loading, endangering the stability of the dam. Hence, following the recommendations made in this study, the 6 to 10 m thick alluvium foundation under the dam seat has been completely removed prior to placement of the dam. Construction of the dam has been completed recently. Keywords: Embankment dams, Earthquake, dynamic analysis, DBE, MCE, Pore pressure, Liquefaction.
Investigation of the Vibrational Characteristics of 6-Isocyano-1-Methyl-1H-Indole: Utilizing the Isonitrile Group as an Infrared Probe

Indole derivatives have garnered considerable attention in the realm of biochemistry due to their multifaceted properties. In this study, we undertake a systematic investigation of the vibrational characteristics of a model indole derivative, 6-isocyano-1-methyl-1H-indole (6ICMI), by employing a combination of FTIR, IR pump-probe spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations. Our findings demonstrate a strong dependence of the isonitrile stretching frequency of 6ICMI on the polarizability of protic solvents and the density of hydrogen-bond donor groups in the solvent when the isonitrile group is bonded to aromatic groups. Both experimental and theoretical analyses unveil a significant correlation between the isonitrile stretch vibration of 6ICMI and the solvent acceptor number of alcohols. Furthermore, the polarization-controlled infrared pump-probe conducted on 6ICMI in dimethyl sulfoxide provides additional support for the potential use of the isonitrile stretching mode of 6ICMI as an effective infrared probe for local environments.
Pengaruh Ekspor, Impor, Nilai Tukar Rupiah, dan Tingkat Inflasi Terhadap Cadangan Devisa Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh Ekspor, Impor, Nilai Tukar Rupiah, dan Tingkat Inflasi terhadap Cadangan Devisa Indonesia baik secara simultan maupun parsial pada periode 2008 sampai 2012. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 57 data yang akan dijadikan sebagai objek penelitian. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah cadangan devisa Indonesia, sedangkan variabel independennya adalah ekspor, impor, nilai tukar rupiah, dan tingkat inflasi. Untuk melihat pengaruh variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen, peneliti melakukan penggujian analisis regresi linier berganda yang terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji asumsi klasik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dapat diketahui bahwa secara simultan Ekspor, Impor, Nilai Tukar Rupiah dan Tingkat Inflasi berpengaruh terhadap Cadangan Devisa Indonesia. Namun secara parsial, Ekspor berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Cadangan Devisa Indonesia, Nilai Tukar Rupiah berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap Cadangan Devisa Indonesia sedangkan Impor dan Nilai Tukar Rupiah tidak berpengaruh terhadap Cadangan Devisa Indonesia.
CHAARTED and LATITUDE in Predicting Prognosis in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Carcinoma Comparison of Criteria

, Objectives: Prostate carcinoma is the most common cancer in men and the second most common cancer causing death in the world. In this study, we will evaluate the CHAARTED and LATİTUDE classifications in predicting the prognosis in patients with mCSPC, investigate which group of patients are more reliable in predicting the prognosis according to these classifications, and examine which criteria show us the prognosis better in conflicting classifications. Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 296 patients who were treated for the diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma between January 1, 2010, and June 1, 2021. Patients were categorized as having high-volume disease (HVD) and low-volume disease (LVD) according to the definition used in the CHAARTED study, and HRD and low-risk disease (LRD) according to the LATITUDE trial. The patients were classified as low or high volume based on the CHAARTED study criteria and as low or high risk based on the LATITUDE trial criteria. Results: When two study criteria were matched, 74(%25) patients had cLaL, 46(%15.5) had cHaL, 10(%3.4) had cLaH and 166(%56.1) had cHaH. In addition, two study criteria were concordant %81.1 of patients and discordant %18.9 of patients. Median overall survival (OS) was 58 months (CI%95, 51.26-64.73) in the overall cohort (p<0.001). OS was found significantly lower on patients cHaH group (median: 41.06 months; CI%95, 34.88-47.25) compared to patients on cLaL (median:109.80 months; CI%95, 85.20-115.34)(p<0.001). Moreover, no significant differance was found when cLaH group (median:69 months.56;CI%95,29.02-110.10) compared with cHaL group. same results was found in progression-free survival (PFS) and cancer spesific survival (CSS). Conclusion: Our study showed a lack of complete concordance between the CHAARTED and LATITUDE classifications. The need for new biomarkers and/or new classification criteria for these two groups still remains.
Ecosystem heating experiment reveals sex-specific growth responses in fish

Size-specific body growth responses to warming are common among animal taxa, but sex-specific responses are poorly known. Here we ask if body growth responses to warming are sex-dependent, and if such sex-specific responses vary with size and age. This was tested with sex-specific data of back-calculated individual growth trajectories, in European perch (Perca fluviatilis) from a long-term whole-ecosystem warming experiment (6.3°C above the surrounding sea). Warming led to both size- and sex-specific differences in growth responses. Warming had a consistent positive effect on body growth of females, but negative effects on male growth at size >10 cm and age >2 years. These sex-specific growth responses translate to an increased degree of female-biased sexual size dimorphism (in length-at-age) with warming. Although the exact temperature-mediated effects underlying differential growth responses could not be resolved, results imply global warming may have highly different effects during ontogeny of male and female perch. Such effects should be considered in climate warming scenarios concerning fish growth, population size-structure and dynamics of aquatic food webs that include fish exhibiting sexual size dimorphism.
Effects of School-Based Mental Health Services on Youth Outcomes

School-based mental health services (SBMH) may increase students’ access to care, which could yield benefits for mental health status and human capital-related outcomes. This paper uses a difference-in-differences design with 19 years of survey and administrative data to estimate the impacts of SBMH on a range of K-12 student outcomes. SBMH increases average outpatient mental health service use and reduces self-reported suicide attempts. There is weaker evidence that SBMH reduces suspensions and juvenile justice involvement, and no evidence that SBMH affects average attendance, standardized test scores, or self-reported substance use
Efecto de labranza y mejoradores de suelo en humedad y desarrollo radicular

The effect of three tillage systems (conventional ( CT), vertical (VT) and no-tillage (NT)) and three organic soil amendments (algaenzims, compost and mycorrhizae) was evaluated in clay loam soil to study moisture retention, root growth and oat yield. The experiment was carried out with an experimental random block array using a factorial fit of A-B with three repetitions. The soil moisture was determined using a TDR FIELDSCOUT 300 probe in strati of 7.6 and 12 centimeters. At the end of the crop cycle, the root growth and yield were measured with amendment and a tillage system based on dry matter. According to tillage levels, a significant difference in moisture retention was found, with a value of 21.23 % in the ANOVA, and NT retained moisture better. For root growth, CT showed a significant difference, with a value of 0.04 m3, and resulted in a higher yield of 5.16 tons per hectare. VT and NT showed no significant differences in terms of root growth and grain yield. Soils amendments do not influence moisture retention or root growth, although they have positive effects on yield. Tillage systems affect moisture retention and favor root growth.
Pacific-North American plate motion from very long baseline interferometry compared with motion inferred from magnetic anomalies, transform faults, and earthquake slip vectors

We use geodetic measurements from very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) to test whether the Pacific-North American plate velocity averaged over several years (1984–1987) of direct observation equals that averaged over millions of years as inferred from other data. We furthermore test whether the Pacific-North America velocity estimated from VLBI parallels the San Andreas fault, transform faults and earthquake slip vectors in the Gulf of California, and earthquake slip vectors along the Queen Charlotte fault, along the Alaskan peninsula, and along the Kamchatkan peninsula. We assume that VLBI sites at Fairbanks (Alaska), Fort Davis (Texas), Richmond (Florida), Westford (Massachusetts), and Platteville (Colorado) lie on the North American plate and that VLBI sites on the Hawaiian island of Kauai, on the Marshall island of Kwajalein, and at Vandenberg Air Force Base (California) lie on the Pacific plate. The Euler vector (0.806°/m.y. about 47.5°N, 79.9°W) that we estimate from VLBI is well constrained; its three-dimensional 95% confidence ellipsoid axes are only 5–15% as long as the Euler vector itself. The VLBI Euler vector is nearly identical to the Pacific-North America Euler vector of plate motion model NUVEL-1, which is determined from transform fault azimuths, earthquake slip vectors, and spreading rates from marine magnetic anomalies that integrate motions since 3 Ma. The VLBI Euler vector has a rotation rate only 0.023°/m.y. faster than that of NUVEL-1, and the VLBI Euler pole lies only 2° from that of NUVEL-1. The VLBI Euler vector predicts that Pacific-North America motion is on average 10°±4° clockwise of earthquake slip vectors along the Queen Charlotte fault, suggesting that these slip vectors are biased measures of the direction of relative plate motion. The VLBI Euler vector predicts that Pacific-North America motion is 6°±4° clockwise of the San Andreas fault in central California, reinforcing the conclusion from plate motion models that the San Andreas fault does not parallel Pacific-North American plate motion. The VLBI Euler vector predicts that Pacific-North America motion is parallel to most transform faults and earthquake slip vectors in the Gulf of California and to most earthquake slip vectors along the Alaskan and Kamchatkan peninsulas. The Pacific-North America velocity averaged over several years equals its velocity averaged over millions of years with the difference along the mutual boundary nowhere exceeding 4±7 mm/yr. Therefore the motions between the Pacific and North American plates appear to be steady. Moreover, our results imply that one can combine rates averaged over intervals as long as millions of years with rates averaged over intervals as short as a few years when constructing models of lithosphere kinematics.
Marginal External Costs of Peak and Non Peak Urban Transport in Belgium

This paper discusses intermediate results of an ongoing research project to estimate all external costs from all transport modes in Belgium. It gives estimates of the marginal external costs of air pollution from urban transport. The evaluation of the environmental impacts is based on the European ExternE accounting framework. This methodology uses the impact pathway analysis for the detailed bottom-up assessment of impacts from air pollutants. It integrates state of the art knowledge in the fields of emission modelling, dispersion modelling, dose-response functions and monetary valuation. This paper focuses on the impact of location (rural areas versus cities), regulation, traffic conditions and congestion on environmental externalities. These case studies for Belgium confirm earlier results of the ExternE project that external environmental costs of car transport are significant and that damage to public health is the dominant impact. In addition, it shows that externalities of urban peak traffic are 2 to 4 times higher than for normal urban driving conditions. Finally, it calculates which occupancy rates are required for urban public transport (trams and diesel buses) to have lower external costs compared to passenger cars.
Unexpected water content profiles under flux‐limited one‐dimensional downward infiltration in initially dry granular media

Distinct water‐content profiles, having saturated θ‐bumps at and immediately behind wetting fronts, were observed in narrow columns (9 mm ID) of homogeneous air‐dried glass beads under downward one‐dimensional infiltration with applied water fluxes at lower than the saturated hydraulic conductivity. The infiltrating water content profiles and the position of the wetting front as a function of time were also calculated based on Richards' equation using an independently measured hydraulic conductivity function K(θ), and water retention characteristic θ(h), of the drainage process, and by applying a pressure boundary condition, hwe, which is almost atmospheric pressure, at the moving wetting front. The good agreement between the calculated profiles and the observed confirms that the dynamic water entry pressure hwe (where θ(hwe) is the saturated water content), does exist for air‐dried glass beads, although it is in contradiction to the modern theory of unsaturated water flow in porous media. This physical property of dry media creates an upward negative pressure profile behind the wetting front that would inevitably produce finger flow if the column diameter were larger. At the wetting front, the water content and pressure should be completely discontinuous at the level of pore size, and hence Darcy's equation cannot be applied across the interface between the air‐dried and saturated media.
How expected and experienced reward and relief contribute to gaming-related mental imagery and gaming frequency in daily life: Testing a dual pathway hypothesis

Abstract Background and aims Research on the development of gaming disorder assumes that the quality of reinforcement learning as well as the content of use expectancies are initially rewarding in the early stages of the addictive behavior and becomes steadily more compensatory in the later stages. This assumed transition could be reflected in gaming-related mental imagery as well as the decision to play videogames in daily life. Methods We recruited 127 individuals who play videogames. Following a strict diagnostic procedure, individuals were either classified as showing casual or at-risk gaming patterns. The experience and expectancy of reward and relief were assessed in the laboratory, followed by a 14-day ambulatory assessment asking for gaming-related mental imagery intensity and playing frequency. Besides group differences, we tested a gratification and a compensation pathway in a structural equation model among groups separately. Results Results indicate that mental imagery and playing frequency as well as reinforcement processes and use expectancies are heightened among individuals showing at-risk gaming patterns as compared to casual gaming patterns. Gaming-related mental imagery was only predicted by compensation among individuals showing casual gaming patterns, and we found no significant predictions for daily gaming frequency in any of the models. Discussion and conclusions The results implicate that individuals with at-risk gaming patterns might hold stronger learned reinforcement contingencies. Daily usage seems unaffected by these contingencies, possibly indicative of habitualized behaviors. Additionally, the results provide some support for the consideration of imaginal desire thoughts as a specific coping mechanism in the context of gaming behaviors.
The impact of policy uncertainty on foreign direct investment: Micro‐evidence from Japan's international investment agreements

This study proposes an empirical strategy to identify the impact of policy uncertainty (PU) at the host economy‐sector‐reservation level on foreign direct investment (FDI) by exploiting sectoral differences in PU before and after the entry into force of international investment agreements (IIAs). These sectoral differences arise because IIAs mitigate PU in host economies, but sectors included in negative lists of IIAs continue to face different degrees of PU owing to exemptions from certain obligations, such as national treatment and the most favored nation in IIAs. Using this empirical strategy, we evaluate how the activities of Japanese multinational enterprises and their foreign affiliates are affected by Japan's 22 IIAs, including bilateral investment treaties and economic partnership agreements with investment provisions, during 1995–2016 at the microdata level. We find that PU regarding a combination of national treatment and most favored nation has a negative impact on FDI. In particular, PU discourages the establishment of new foreign affiliates. However, PU does not necessarily induce affiliates to exit the market.
Evaluación de la aptitud climático-turística para el turismo de sol y playa en Alicante (1974-2003)

In the present investigation has been applied a new and thorough weather types by sun and beach tourism in Alicante. The potential climatic-tourist has been analyzed of detailed form, from daily data. The results appear with a temporal resolution adapted so much to the climatic conditions as to the duration of the holiday periods.