Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in Job Search: Trading off Commute against Wage

We relate gender differences in willingness to commute to the gender wage gap. Using French administrative data on job search criteria, we first document that unemployed women have a lower reservation wage and a shorter maximum acceptable commute than their male counterparts. We identify indifference curves between wage and commute using the joint distributions of reservation job attributes and accepted job bundles. Indifference curves are steeper for women, who value commute around 20% more than men. Controlling in particular for the previous job, newly hired women are paid after unemployment 4% less per hour and have a 12% shorter commute than men. Through the lens of a job search model where commuting matters, we estimate that gender differences in commute valuation can account for a 0.5 log point hourly wage deficit for women, that is, 14% of the residualized gender wage gap. Finally, we use job application data to test the robustness of our results and to show that female workers do not receive less demand from far-away employers, confirming that most of the gender gap in commute is supply-side driven.
Identification and Developmental Expression of the Zebrafish ZGC:154061 Gene, a Conserved Yet Uncharacterized Maternally Expressed MEIS2 Linked Gene

We have identified a novel and previously undescribed gene, zgc:154061, located directly downstream of the zebrafish meis2.2 gene. We have identified putative orthologs of this gene in all animals that we have been able to examine. The zgc:154061 gene and its vertebrate orthologs are organized in a convergently transcribed manner with respect to the Meis2 gene in all species we have examined (meis2.2 in teleosts). It appears that the homologs of Meis and zgc:154061 are also linked in amphioxus and sea urchins but that this linkage is not present in urochordates, nor in protostomes. During zebrafish development, transcripts of zgc:154061 are observed in every cell of the embryo from the earliest stage through the shield stage indicating this gene is a maternal transcript since its expression precedes the activation of the zygotic genome at the midblastula transition. Expression of zgc:154061 gradually decreases from its peak value at 0 hpf until 8 hpf and then is observed to be activated again at 12 hpf throughout the neural tube before becoming restricted to the retina and tectum opticum by 48 hpf.
Who Runs China? A Story Told by Machine Learning

China’s politician selection process has been obscure and rarely discussed. This paper uses machine learning approaches to bring economic performance, political patronage and career path into one picture in understanding the provincial level politicians’ selection decision of China. Through mapping out the dynamic politician networks from 1995 to 2015, we find network communities are strongly determined by hometown ties. The predictions using machine learning algorithms including shrinkage and tree-based methods affirm the importance of economic performance, expand the conventional understanding of political patronage with the concept and measurements of social network, and point out the critical impact of career path, with largely reduced testing errors.
The effects of conflict transformation on knowledge creation within organizations in the Kingdom of Bahrain

Conflicts have evolved into complex structures, encompassing actors, issues and goals that are both dynamic and interweaved (Galtung and Fischer, 2013). The organization under study had been experiencing such complex forms of conflict and further investigation was called for due to the presence of continual episodes of interpersonal conflicts among its stakeholders. The non-linear, multifaceted nature of the conflict led to the selection of the conflict transformation approach as a means of addressing the issue as, according to Miall (2004), conflict transformation is a reconceptualized expansion of the more generic field of conflict resolution. Various manifestations of organizational issues had been observed, including impaired internal functions, interruptions to business, and high staff turnaround, which increased the cost of recruitment and training. Furthermore, the general decline in the health of the organization, as a result of the persistent conflict between its stakeholders, was combined with compromised levels of knowledge creation, evidenced by its weak competitive position, and lack of agility, creativity and responsiveness. To address this situation, this research explores ways in which conflict transformation can be applied to organizational conflict in the Kingdom of Bahrain and identifies its effects on knowledge creation. This research, which is rooted in practical relevance, was conducted in a training and consultancy firm located in the Kingdom of Bahrain, using action research in conjunction with interpretive methodology. As derived from the findings of the research, the organization under study incorporated four elements of organizational conflict transformation into its culture, namely a. communication, b. momentum, c. inclusiveness and d. reduced levels of past unaddressed organizational conflict; post-action evaluation was then conducted in four separate phases. This research makes two distinct contributions to knowledge and professional practice. First, the research establishes that incorporating the above-mentioned four organizational conflict transformation elements into the organizational culture is an effective means of implementing conflict transformation in organizations operating in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Second, the effect of organizational conflict transformation on knowledge creation within organizations operating in the Kingdom of Bahrain is found to be positive.
The Doe-Eyed Girl

In 1968 a Polish journalist, describing her visit to Tbilisi, wrote of a certain face in the crowd she seemed to encounter at every step. It was the face of a girl, a “Doe-eyed girl” whom she first encountered in the lobby of Hotel “Tbilisi”: “She appeared in profile, her head was turned downwards, lost in thought…. I lost count of my meetings with this girl… At almost every step I run into her face to face. ” This face in the crowd was, in fact, an endlessly reproduced embossed metal fresco (Russian and Georgian chekanka, Georgian ch’eduri) of an ethnographically typical Khevsur Georgian girl of the mountains, who becomes the stereotypical “face” of Georgian post-Stalinist "traditional-modernist" art, especially a secularized revival of metallic frescos traditionally associated with sacred icons. This “[traditional] face in the [modern] crowd”, its insistent iconographic secularization and inversion of the religious icon, and recurrent distribution across modernist urban spaces, formed a local Georgian version of what Krisztina Fehervary has elsewhere called, with respect to Hungary, “socialist modernism”, a local Georgian version of a series of post-Stalinist modernist forms across socialist space that became, in each context, the local "brand of socialism". At the same time as the chekanka, as a form, represents a specifically socialist achievement of post-Stalinist modernist aesthetics, its iconography makes the chekanka a secular socialist version of the sacred icon, in which the 2-dimensional space of the chekanka depicts an unattainable, mythic secular “elsewhere” of the nation in contrast with socialist modernity. The face of the Khevsur girl reveals the ambiguities of the daydreams of the Georgian urban intelligentsia, a city filled with modernist buildings decorated with mythic images of the national past. The stereotyped face [Russian tipazh, Georgian t’ip’azhi] of the Khevsur girl, facing away, looking down at a flower, replaces both the religious image of the saint on the icon and the socialist tipazh of the worker or peasant in the propaganada poster. The world of the chekanka embodies a new kind of secular mythology of the nation, which flattens out and decouples characters from genres of myth, legend, folklore, history and fantasy. It produces a kind of timeless daydream “elsewhere” of the national essence opposed to the workaday world of socialism which now had two complementary or competing teleologies, the timeless world of the nation and the coming world of communism.
World Checklist and Bibliography of Fagales (Betulaceae, Corylaceae, Fagaceae and Ticodendraceae)

Fagales contains full checklists of important, mainly temperate genera such as Alnus (alders), Betula (birches), Corylaceae (hornbeams), Corylus(hazels), Castanea (chestnuts), Fagus (northern beeches), Nothofagus (southern beeches), and Quercus (oaks), describing 531 species, their growth patterns, distribution and conservation status.
Contrôle actif aux basses fréquences du champ diffracté en salle semi-anéchoïque

Cette etude porte sur le developpement et la validation experimentale d’une methode d’anechoicite acoustique active permettant de reproduire, dans un espace clos, des conditions de champ libre, c’est-a-dire sans reflexions provenant des parois. L’utilisation d’une salle anechoique est une solution classique mais elle est insuffisante aux basses frequences, en particulier, au-dessous de la frequence de coupure de la salle qui est directement liee a l’epaisseur de materiau absorbant tapissant les parois. Pour combiner techniques de reduction passives et actives, l’objectif de ce travail de these consiste a completer l’attenuation du champ diffracte par les parois dans cette gamme de frequences a l’aide de techniques actives. Une difficulte specifique a ce probleme de controle actif concerne la mesure du champ diffracte qui n’est pas une grandeur physique directement accessible. Dans ces travaux, une strategie d’estimation de la pression diffractee est elaboree a partir de mesures de pressions totales. Les techniques de controle acoustique actif sont ensuite utilisees pour piloter un reseau d’actionneurs afin de minimiser le champ diffracte estime. La methode d’anechoicite active developpee consiste a identifier dans une etape de pre-calibration l’operateur mathematique permettant de relier la pression diffractee aux pressions totales. Cet operateur est identifie par minimisation a partir de mesures de pressions obtenues pour un ensemble de sources connues. A l’etape du controle actif, l’operateur est alors utilise comme un filtre numerique a appliquer aux mesures de pressions totales. L’ensemble de la methode est testee a l’aide de simulations numeriques puis validee experimentalement dans le cas d’une salle semi-anechoique. Pour cette premiere experience a l’echelle 1, l’objectif consiste a controler, dans la gamme de frequences 40-200 Hz, le champ diffracte par la paroi reflechissante a l’aide de 9 sources secondaires reparties sur la paroi. La pression diffractee est estimee a partir de mesures de pressions totales obtenues a l’aide d’un filet de 16 microphones situe dans un plan parallele a la paroi reflechissante et/ou d’un ensemble de 8 microphones situes dans le volume. Plusieurs strategies de controle sont appliquees et evaluees pour caracteriser le rayonnement acoustique d’une source basse frequence.
Effect of Limit-Fed Co-Product Feedstuffs on Production, Digestion, Fermentation and Rumen Function in Beef Cattle

In terms of energy density, the cost of shipping hay is often not justified in yr where adverse conditions limit available forage. Our objective was to determine if co-product feedstuffs could be used to meet the energy demands for cows in late pregnancy. Eighty-six crossbred cows (527 ± 0.8 kg BW) in late gestation were stratified by BW, BCS and age and allocated randomly to 1 of 6 groups held on 2-ha dormant bermudagrass pastures for 68 d. Three groups were offered bermudagrass hay ad libitum (HAY) and three groups were offered 6.4 kg of soybean hulls (LSH) daily and allowed access to mixed-grass hay for 1 h daily. Changes in BW, BCS, serum non-esterified fatty acids, and birth weights were minimal between treatments (P ≥ 0.12). In a companion study, 8 ruminally-fistulated cows (671 ± 32.0 kg BW) were stratified by BW and allocated randomly to1 of 4 treatments in a 2-period study: LSH, limit-fed distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS; LDG), a limit-fed mixture of SH and DDGS (MIX), or ad libitum mixed-grass hay (HAY). Total feces were collected for 5 d following a 28-d adaptation to diet and facilities in each period. Rumen fluid was sampled immediately prior to feeding and 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 hr post-feeding for ruminal fermentation assessment. Digestibility of DM, OM, aNDF and ADF was greater (P < 0.05) from limit-feeding than from those consuming hay. Individual VFA concentrations differed (P < 0.05) early in the day, but no difference existed beyond 8 h. In situ forage DM disappearance was reduced (P < 0.05) from LSH and LDG in comparison to HAY while diets were being fed. However, cows achieved steady-state forage disappearance within one week following removal from the diets. Based on this information, coproduct feedstuffs may be used in lieu of hay to meet the energy requirements of cows during late pregnancy without adverse effects.
Prevalence of polycystic ovarian disease among students of tertiary care hospital of Kutch, Gujarat- a cross-sectional study

Background and Aim: Diagnosing Polycystic ovarian syndrome at an early stage will help prevent these complications of maternal and child health which appears to cover two of the eight objectives of millennium development goals (MDG). Present study was done with an aim to find its prevalence in medical, dental, nursing and paramedical female students, aged between 16-24 years, in a teaching hospital.Material and Methods:A cross sectional study was carried out among 112 subjects in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Kutch, Gujarat. Students of aged 16-25 years were randomly selected from various batches and branches of medical and paramedical courses. The diagnosis of PCOS was made based on Rotterdam’s criteria. The ultrasound criteria define the polycystic ovary as containing 12 or more follicles measuring 2-9mm and/or an increased ovarian volume of > 10cm.Results:The average age of students with and without PCOS did not show much difference. The percent of students having only menstrual irregularity with cyst (14.79%) which is higher than those having only the other two combinations (6.1% and 1.6%) showing that a student with menstrual irregularity is more likely to have a cyst and vice versa.Conclusion:Based on the observation it is concluded that the prevalence of PCOS is increasing gradually in Areas of Kutch, Gujarat and it may be a major health concern in future. Hence, early diagnosis and intervention will reduce the long term health complications associated with PCOS.
Content Knowledge Competency of Arabic Language Teacher Trainees during Teaching Practice

This paper investigates the content knowledge competencies of 58 Arabic trainee teachers during their 14-week teaching practice. The competency aspect focused is the level of content knowledge in three areas of Arabic language-specific knowledge including grammatical knowledge/syntax, Arabic morphology, Balaghah and Adab Nusus. This study is a quantitative study which employs the descriptive research approach. Data collection was based on questionnaires which were then analyzed using SPSS statistical analysis. The findings showed that the Arabic language trainee teachers’ competency level in the field of Arabic morphology was good, but the knowledge of grammar and Balaghah/Adab Nusus was only at moderate level.
The unrealistic realist philosophy. The ontology of econometrics revisited

The argument put forth in this article shows that the hitherto scientific-realist approaches to econometrics are incongruent with the realistically reconstructed empirical macroeconomics. The SR approaches share in common being realist about the relations depicted by (successful) models. The economic models of data are sensitive to minor changes in sample and estimating methods what creates the 'emerging contrary result' phenomenon: the community of econometricians accept models that are inconsistent. Being SR about econometrics equals committing oneself to the following trilemma: (1) it is feasible to indicate the successful models that rightly isolate/idealize the regularities of the economy (the knowledge thesis); (2) econometric models are about the economic world (the independence thesis); and, at least in some areas of application, (3) successful econometric models contradict each other.
Gendered Differences in the Teaching of Sex Education among Secondary School Teachers in Auta Balefi, Nigeria

with regards this positive attitude, female teachers had a higher percentage of teachers with such attitude (Ngoloba, 2008). Finally, in a study of the same nature in Botswana, it was discovered by the authors that majority of the teachers were willing to teach sex education in their schools as they were of the view that it would be a step towards reducing the numerous challenges adolescents faced with regard to their reproductive and sexual health. Despite this high level of Abstract : Sex education in schools has continued to gain support from various stakeholders especially with students and parents alike identifying the school as a viable source of information on adolescent reproductive health. Evidence from literature on the other hand juxtaposes the success of school-based programmes on the relationship that exists or not between the socio-demographic characteristics of teachers and their teaching of sex education. The study was aimed among others at investigating the relationship between socio-demographic factors and the teaching of sex education. Eleven secondary schools with a total of 219 teachers were included in the study. Due to the relatively small population size, the study made use of the entire population. Two hypotheses were formulated to test at 0.05(95%) the level of significance on gender differences and educational qualification in teaching sex education. The result indicated that there is no significant relationship between the sex of teachers and their attitude towards sex education, and that there is no significant relationship between the educational status of teachers and their attitude towards sex education. This is because majority of the teachers have some form of training on sex education which neutralizes personal differences such as sex and educational status. Further findings revealed that 90.5% of the respondents have positive attitude towards sex education and were willing to teach sex education in their various schools. The authors recommend, among others, that continuing encouragement might be necessary to support teachers’ interest in teaching sex education.
Australian Drug Trends 2019: Key Findings from the National Illicit Drug Reporting System (IDRS) Interviews

The Illicit Drug Reporting System (IDRS) is an ongoing illicit drug monitoring system which has been conducted in all states and territories of Australia since 2000, and forms part of Drug Trends.In 2019, we have provided a suite of products with the most up-to-date findings from interviews conducted annually from 2000-2019 with a cross-sectional sentinel group of people who regularly inject drugs recruited from all capital cities of Australia.
The effect of shareholder concentration and type on firm performance and leverage

This study examines the influence of shareholder concentration and shareholder type on firm performance and leverage for both listed and non-listed companies based in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands for the period 2009-2017. I provide evidence that the presence of a blockholder leads to better firm performance, especially when the controlling shareholder is a family. In contrast, a foundation or public authority leads to worse performance. No supporting evidence is found for a positive impact of private equity funds on firm performance. Besides, I find a positive impact for the presence of a blockholder on the leverage ratio. This is especially the case when the controlling shareholder is an institutional investor, family or private equity fund. I did not find a significant relation between a bank as controlling shareholder and the leverage ratio of a company.
The Effect of Disrupting Changes on Senior Lecturers Performance

Rapid external changes without being followed by internal changes will have a negative impact on tertiary institutions. Internal change begins with the ability of senior lecturers because they are at the forefront in following changes. Organizational commitment is evidenced by the high quality of the lecturers’ work ability. This study utilized combined research methods or exploratory mix methods with data taken from forlap dikti and Sinta, and quantitative and qualitative analysis using WAI (Work Ability Index). Results of the study showed that the work ability of senior lecturers is lacking (0.1-1), while organizational commitment is still low as evidenced by the results of scientific journals during the past three years. The innovation of this study is the Emotional Work Community (EWC) as a concept model to improve lecturers' performance abilities that are lacking.
Ambiguity in Communicating Intensity of Physical Activity: Survey Study

Background Communicating physical activity information with sufficient details, such as activity type, frequency, duration, and intensity, is vital to accurately delineate the attributes of physical activity that bring positive health impact. Unlike frequency and duration, intensity is a subjective concept that can be interpreted differently by people depending on demographics, health status, physical fitness, and exercise habits. However, activity intensity is often communicated using general degree modifiers, degree of physical exertion, and physical activity examples, which are the expressions that people may interpret differently. Lack of clarity in communicating the intensity level of physical activity is a potential barrier to an accurate assessment of exercise effect and effective imparting of exercise recommendations. Objective This study aimed to assess the variations in people’s perceptions and interpretations of commonly used intensity descriptions of physical activities and to identify factors that may contribute to these variations. Methods A Web-based survey with a 25-item questionnaire was conducted using Amazon Mechanical Turk, targeting adults residing in the United States. The questionnaire included questions on participants’ demographics, exercise habits, overall perceived health status, and perceived intensity of 10 physical activity examples. The survey responses were analyzed using the R statistical package. Results The analyses included 498 responses. The majority of respondents were females (276/498, 55.4%) and whites (399/498, 79.9%). Numeric ratings of physical exertion after exercise were relatively well associated with the 3 general degree descriptors of exercise intensity: light, moderate, and vigorous. However, there was no clear association between the intensity expressed with those degree descriptors and the degree of physical exertion the participants reported to have experienced after exercise. Intensity ratings of various examples of physical activity differed significantly according to respondents’ characteristics. Regression analyses showed that those who reported good health or considered regular exercise was important for their health tended to rate the intensity levels of the activity examples significantly higher than their counterparts. The respondents’ age and race (white vs nonwhite) were not significant predictors of the intensity rating. Conclusions This survey showed significant variations in how people perceive and interpret the intensity levels of physical activities described with general severity modifiers, degrees of physical exertion, and physical activity examples. Considering that these are among the most widely used methods of communicating physical activity intensity in current practice, a possible miscommunication in assessing and promoting physical activity seems to be a real concern. We need to adopt a method that represents activity intensity in a quantifiable manner to avoid unintended miscommunication.