Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The pronephros of the zebrafish consists of paired glomeruli at the midline ventral to the dorsal aorta, and a set of pronephric tubules that project laterally from the glomeruli to the nephric

The first kidney to form in embryos of all vertebrate species is the pronephros. It has three components: glomerulus, tubules and nephric duct. This embryonic kidney is replaced later in development by the mesonephros, and in birds and mammals, by a metanephros (Saxén, 1987). The mesonephric and metanephric kidneys arise along the course of the nephric duct and, in fact, the metanephros is generated by mutual inductions between duct and mesenchyme (Saxén, 1987). The pronephric kidney, however, appears to arise de novo from cells in the intermediate mesoderm (IM) (Goodrich, 1930). The origin of the elements of the pronephric kidney have not been defined by lineage analysis. Fashioning of this organ requires the generation and apportionment of cells with at least three distinctive cell fates that represent the three components of the kidney, and their appropriate migration and positioning with respect to each other during morphogenesis. Organ fields in vertebrate embryos are regions defined classically by explantation and transplantation as regions that contain organ precursors (Huxley and de Beer, 1934). Based on the assumption that tubule formation is indicative of kidney formation, explantation and transplantation in Ambystoma points to the intermediate mesoderm as a site of renal origin, at least for the tubule progenitors (Fales, 1935). The positions of molecular markers characteristic of particular cell fates do not necessarily correspond to precursor location defined by lineage analysis (e.g. Serbedzija et al., 1998). Hence, lineage analysis, by marking of cells with dye or virus (Price et al., 1987) is the only definitive way to determine precursor location, migration and cell fate assignment. There are three modular components to the pronephros. The glomerulus is the site of blood filtration in the kidney. It consists of a capillary tuft in apposition to podocytes of the kidney. Fenestrations in the capillary endothelium and slit diaphragms in the podocytes allow the passage of the filtrate into Bowman’s space. The cells of the tubule are the site of selective reabsorption and secretion. The nephric duct carries the modified urine to the exterior (Saxén, 1987). The pronephros of the zebrafish consists of paired glomeruli at the midline ventral to the dorsal aorta, and a set of pronephric tubules that project laterally from the glomeruli to the nephric ucts that run along the side of the embryo (Drummond et al., 1998). Histologically, the first evidence of the pronephros is a cell aggregate derived from the coelomic epithelium located ventral to the anterior somites (Goodrich, 1930). This ggregate will form the paired pronephric primordia which remain visible as flattened epithelial sacs between the 30 to 2233 Development 128, 2233-2241 (2001) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 2001 DEV3351
Science Teachers’ Level of Technological Knowledge and the Effect of Demographic Variables in Ondo State, Nigeria

This study examines the level of Ondo State science teachers’ Technological Knowledge (TK) and the effect of demographic variables such as school geographical location and gender, with a view to bring about effective teaching of science concept through integration of technology. This study is based on survey research design. The population comprised all science teachers in public secondary schools in Ondo State. Data was collected from 628 science teachers across the three senatorial districts in the State. The instrument used was technological knowledge questionnaire and a reliability coefficient r = (0.93) was obtained using Cronbach Alpha. Two research hypotheses and one question were posed to guide the study. Findings from this study revealed that 66.9% of science teachers in Ondo State have low level of TK, a significant difference between the TK of rural and urban teachers and no significant difference between the TK usage between female and male teachers. It is recommended that government should develop a comprehensive framework for professional development that will assist teachers to develop skills to teach in the 21st century environment.
The reducingantioxidant capacityofMycoplasma fermentans

Amichai Yavlovich, Ron Kohen, Isaac Ginsburg & Shlomo Rottem Department of Membrane and Ultrastructure Research, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; and Institute of Dental Research, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
An analysis of asynchronous hearing health teleconsulting at the Rio Grande do Norte Telehealth Center Uma análise das teleconsultorias assíncronas em saúde auditiva do Núcleo de Telessaúde do Rio Grande do Norte

Objective: To identify the profile of asynchronous hearing health teleconsulting at the Scientific-Technical Center for Telehealth in Rio Grande do Norte (RN). Methods: This study is retrospective and descriptive. Teleconsulting records from January 2015 to December 2019 on the telehealth platform of the Telehealth Center of RN were analyzed. The teleconsultations were filtered and categorized by two speech-language therapists regarding the applicant’s state of origin, gender and profession, theme and objective of the question. Results: Among the teleconsultations carried out in the period, the ones regarding the hearing health area were included in this study. In decreasing order of frequency, the requesting professionals were: community health agents, speech-language therapists, endemic disease control agents, doctors, nurses, public health agents, nursing technicians and assistants and others. As for the objectives of teleconsulting, from higher to lower frequency, were identified questions about: conduct, evaluation, treatment, relations among factors, etiologies, prevention, symptoms, implementation, access to the health system and others. Concerning the themes, in descending order, were observed questions about hearing loss, hearing aid devices, tinnitus, otitis, school health program, otoacoustic emissions, otalgia, labyrinthitis and tympanic perforation. Conclusion: Asynchronous teleconsulting on hearing health was more frequent on female applicants, community health agents and speech-language therapists, concerning the theme of hearing loss and hearing aid devices, to make decisions for conducts and evaluation in the health area hearing.
Involving Fathers in Services for Children

This paper is a commentary on five papers in a special series on father-involvement in child psychology services. The following themes are addressed: the effects of fathers on child development; benefits of father-involvement in child psychology services; obstacles to father-involvement ; engaging fathers; specific interventions for fathers; and implications for service development, training and research.
A Comparison of Rice Chloroplast Genomes

Using high quality sequence reads extracted from our whole genome shotgun repository, we assembled two chloroplast genome sequences from two rice (Oryza sativa) varieties, one from 93-11 (a typical indica variety) and the other from PA64S (an indica-like variety with maternal origin of japonica), which are both parental varieties of the super-hybrid rice, LYP9. Based on the patterns of high sequence coverage, we partitioned chloroplast sequence variations into two classes, intravarietal and intersubspecific polymorphisms. Intravarietal polymorphisms refer to variations within 93-11 or PA64S. Intersubspecific polymorphisms were identified by comparing the major genotypes of the two subspecies represented by 93-11 and PA64S, respectively. Some of the minor genotypes occurring as intravarietal polymorphisms in one variety existed as major genotypes in the other subspecific variety, thus giving rise to intersubspecific polymorphisms. In our study, we found that the intersubspecific variations of 93-11 (indica) and PA64S (japonica) chloroplast genomes consisted of 72 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 27 insertions or deletions. The intersubspecific polymorphism rates between 93-11 and PA64S were 0.05% for single nucleotide polymorphisms and 0.02% for insertions or deletions, nearly 8 and 10 times lower than their respective nuclear genomes. Based on the total number of nucleotide substitutions between the two chloroplast genomes, we dated the divergence of indica and japonica chloroplast genomes as occurring approximately 86,000 to 200,000 years ago.
ON THE CONSTITUTION OF POLAR FIBRE-REINFORCED MATERIALS

This article presents important constitutive refinements and simplifications in the theory of polar elasticity of materials reinforced by a single family of fibres resistant in bending. One of these simplifications is achieved by paying attention to forms of the strain energy which are symmetric with respect to the symmetric and the antisymmetric parts of the fibre gradient tensor. This leads to the identification of a restricted version of the theory that is predominantly influenced by the fibresplay mode of deformation. The lack of ellipticity of the governing equations of polar elasticity and the anticipation of existence of weak discontinuity surfaces even in the small deformation regime are also investigated. The manner in which potential activation of such surfaces is related with the action of either the fibre-bending or the fibre-splay deformation mode, as well as with their conjoined combination and coupling with their fibre-twist counterpart, is examined. The proposed constitutive equations can be simplified via the use of a new set of fourteen independent spectral invariants of the deformation. This set serves as an irreducible functional basis of relevant invariants or as an irreducible integrity basis of polynomial invariants. For instance, its use here enables identification of fourteen classical invariants that emerge as mutually independent from the known set of thirty-three in total classical invariants. In the special case of polynomial invariants, this result paves the way for identification of a corresponding minimal integrity basis.
Title: Genome-wide analysis of the ERF gene family in Arabidopsis and rice

Genes in the ERF family encode transcriptional regulators with a variety of functions involved in the developmental and physiological processes in plants. In this study, a comprehensive computational analysis identified 122 and 139 ERF family genes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica), respectively. A complete overview of this gene family in Arabidopsis is presented, including the gene structures, phylogeny, chromosome locations and conserved motifs. In addition, a comparative analysis between these genes in Arabidopsis and rice was performed. As a result of these analyses, the ERF families in Arabidopsis and rice were divided into 12 and 15 groups, respectively, and several of these groups were further divided into subgroups. Based on the observation that eleven of these groups were present in both Arabidopsis and rice, it was concluded that the major functional diversification within the ERF family predated the monoct/dicot divergence. In contrast, some groups/subgroups are species-specific. We discuss the relationship between the structure and function of the ERF family proteins based on these results and the published information. It was further concluded that the expansion of the ERF family in plants might have been due to chromosomal/segmental duplication and tandem duplication as well as more ancient transposition and homing. The present results will be useful for future functional analyses of the ERF family genes. www.plantphysiol. org on August 25, 2017 Published by Downloaded from Copyright © 2006 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved.
Managing uncertainty in design flood magnitude : 2 Flexible protection strategies vs . safety factors

11 When planning flood protection, agencies are confronted with uncertainty in the design flood 12 magnitude. In particular, the required capacity may increase in the future and render the protection 13 insufficient. This problem can be adressed by applying a safety factor to the design capacity. We 14 propose a Bayesian quantitative sequential decision model that identifies a cost-optimal safety 15 factor in the face of uncertainty. It takes into account the flexibility of the protection system, i.e. 16 how costly it is to adjust. We focus on the description of the decision model and on the concept of 17 flexibility, investigating only the effect of uncertainty from the historic flood record. Extension to 18 other types of uncertainty is possible. The model is implemented for a catchment in Germany. 19 Various degrees of uncertainty are investigated by using different lengths of historic records. The 20 optimal safety factor decreases with decreasing uncertainty and with increasing system flexibility. 21
On the robustness of the fat-tailed distribution of firm growth rates: a global sensitivity analysis

Firms grow and decline by relatively lumpy jumps which cannot be accounted by the cumulation of small, “atom-less”, independent shocks. Rather “big” episodes of expansion and contraction are relatively frequent. More technically, this is revealed by the fat-tailed distributions of growth rates. This applies across different levels of sectoral disaggregation, across countries, over different historical periods for which there are available data. What determines such property? In Dosi et al. (The footprint of evolutionary processes of learning and selection upon the statistical properties of industrial dynamics. Industrial and corporate change. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2016) we implemented a simple multi-firm evolutionary simulation model, built upon the coupling of a replicator dynamic and an idiosyncratic learning process, which turns out to be able to robustly reproduce such a stylized fact. Here, we investigate, by means of a Kriging meta-model, how robust such “ubiquitousness” feature is with regard to a global exploration of the parameters space. The exercise confirms the high level of generality of the results in a statistically robust global sensitivity analysis framework.
Distribution of I-127 and I-129 in precipitation at high European latitudes

We here present the most extensive data set on the distribution of 127 I and 129 I in precipitation (rain and snow) covering the period 2000-2006 and European latitudes 55°N-68°N. Our results indicate a wide variation in the concentrations and fluxes of the two isotopes associated with generally higher values at near coastal sites compared to the inland ones. Total wet-related annual deposition of 127 I and 129 I on Sweden and Denmark is estimated at about 1.2x10 9 g and 60 g respectively. The average annual 129 I wet deposition accounts for < 1% and < 0.05% of the total annual gaseous and liquid, respectively, discharges from the Sellafiled and La Hague Facilities. The 127 I annual wet deposition represents < 1% of the estimated global oceanic iodine flux. Air mass trajectories suggest that events of enhanced 129 I in precipitation are closely related to southwesterly weather fronts from regions of elevated concentrations.
Risk Performance on Financial Assessment of Insurance Firms in Egypt

The subject matter of this study is the analysis of the relationship between risk assessment and firm size on financial performance. The population encompasses thirty-nine listed insurance firms in Egypt during the period 1999 – 2019, whereas a sample of nineteen insurance companies was selected. The financial assessment is a dependent variable, while the independent variable is risk assessment. This study used general linear multivariate analysis and descriptive statistics. The article is an attempt to investigate the relationship between risk assessment and firm size on financial assessment of insurance sector in Egypt. The results indicate that there is significant positive linear relationship between standard deviation of return on equity, standard deviation of return on asset, and natural logarithm of total assets with return on equity. Moreover, there is significant positive linear relationship between standard deviation of return on equity, standard deviation of return on asset and natural logarithm of total assets where on return on asset. Therefore, there is significant positive linear relationship between standard deviation of return on equity and standard deviation of return on asset on liquidity. Nevertheless, there is a negative relationship between natural logarithm of total assets.
Effects of the in-flipped classroom on the learning environment of database engineering

The growth of information technology has led to the introduction of blended learning classrooms. A ‘‘flipped’’ classroom isa specific type of blended learning environment that allows students to learn outside the classroom through e-learning andthen interact with the teacher inside the classroom. Although flipped classrooms have many advantages, some issues, suchas low motivation prior to lectures, remain and should be improved. This paper proposes an in-flipped classroom toovercome the problems found in existing flipped classrooms and evaluates this type of classroom using a DatabaseEngineering course in a master’s program. This study uses the College and University Classroom Environment Inventory(CUCEI) to investigate the learning performance of the newly proposed in-flipped teaching environment. The results showthat students in an in-flipped classroom exhibit better individualization than those in a traditional classroom and haveincreased interest in cooperative learning. The studyalso finds that studentsare moreeasily engaged in lecturesand developself-directed, self-regulating, and self-determined skills through the proposed method.Keywords:in-flipped learning; collaborative learning; blended learning; problem-based learning; college and university classroomenvironment inventory
GLOBAL KEY EXTRACTION FROM CLASSICAL MUSIC AUDIO RECORDINGS BASED ON THE FINAL CHORD

This paper presents a novel approach to global key extraction from audio recordings, restricted to the genre Classical only. Especially in this ﬁeld of music, musical key is a signiﬁcant information since many works include the key in their title. Our rule-based method relies on pre-extracted chroma features and puts special emphasis on the ﬁnal chord of the piece to estimate the tonic note. To determine the mode, we analyze the chroma histogram over the complete piece and estimate the underlying diatonic scale. In both steps, we apply a multiplicative procedure to obtain high error robustness. This approach helps to minimize the amount of false tonic notes which is important for further key-related tonality analyses. The algorithm is evaluated on three diﬀerent datasets containing mainly 18th and 19th century music for orchestra, piano, and mixed instruments. We reach accuracies up to 97 % for correct full key (correct tonic note and mode) classiﬁcation and up to 100 % for correct tonic note classiﬁcation.
Effect of surface charge of nanohybrids on the intracellular bacterial killing e ciency

Rajendran JC Bose Masonic Medical Research Institute Nagendran Tharmalingam Rhode Island Hospital Yonghyun Choi Chung-Ang University Thiagarajan Madheswaran International Medical University Ramasamy Paulmurugan Stanford University Department of Radiology Jason McCarthy Masonic Medical Research Institute Soo-Hong Lee (  soohong@dongguk.edu ) Dongguk University Hansoo Park (  heyshoo@cau.ac.kr ) Chung-Ang University
Sequences in the 235 Region of Escherichia coli rpoS- Dependent Genes Promote Transcription by Es

s is an alternate sigma factor which functions with RNA polymerase to activate transcription of genes that are involved in a number of stress responses, including stationary-phase survival and osmoprotection. The similarity of the s protein to s (Escherichia coli’s major sigma factor) in the regions thought to recognize and bind promoter sequences suggests that sand s-associated RNA polymerases recognize promoter DNA in a similar manner. However, no promoter recognition sequence for s holoenzyme (Es) has been identified. An apparent conservation of cytosine nucleotides was noted in the 235 region of several s-dependent promoters. Site-directed mutagenesis and reporter gene fusions were used to investigate the importance of the 235 cytosine nucleotides for s-dependent transcription. Substitution of cytosine nucleotides for thymidine at the 235 site of the s-dependent proU promoter effectively abolished transcription by Es but allowed Es to direct transcription from the mutant promoter. Inclusion of the s consensus 210 hexamer strengthened transcription by Es, demonstrating that both Es and Es can recognize the same 210 sequences. Conversely, replacement of 235 site cytosine nucleotides with thymidine in the s-dependent osmY promoter reduced transcription by Es and increased transcription by Es. Our data suggest that DNA sequences in the 235 region function as part of a discriminator mechanism to shift transcription between Es and Es.
Structural Alterations in the Bacillus subtilis

Secondary site mutations that restore sporulation to sporulation-defective spoOF or spoOB deletion mutants were found to reside in the spoOA gene. Sequence analysis of 23 such sofmutants showed that the sofmutations fell into six classes of missense codon changes, primarily in the conserved amino-terminal domain of the response regulator SpoOA protein. Changes were observed in codons 12, 14, 60, 92, and 121. The residues affected were predominantly located in the potential turn regions at one end of the amino-terminal conserved domain on the same topological face as the active site aspartate residues. The ability of sof mutations to suppress deficiencies in the transmitter kinases, KinA and KinB, of two-component regulatory systems was tested. AU of the sof mutations suppressed the sporulation deficiency of kinA mutants but only two classes among five tested suppressed kinB mutations. sofmutants segregated Spocolonies at high frequency. Five of these Spomutants were found to result from mutations in the spoOA locus that reversed the effect of the sof mutation. One of these was sequenced and found to have the original sof mutation and a new mutation, sos, at codon 105. The accumulation of sos mutations in sof strains suggested that the sof mutations have a subtle, yet deleterious, effect on the growth of the cell. The results suggested that the sofmutations increase the avidity for or reactivity with transmitter kinases in an allele-specffic manner, although in some cases it is possible that the sofmutations obviate the need for phosphorylation to activate the SpoOA protein. An alternative hypothesis is presented in which the sof mutations play the role of bypass mutations for kinases.