Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Petrogenesis and geodynamic significance of the late Palaeozoic Dongwanzi Complex, North China Craton: constraints from petrological, geochemical, and Os-Nd-Sr isotopic data

The late Carboniferous Dongwanzi Complex in the northern North China Craton is composed of intrusive pyroxenite, hornblendite, gabbro, and syenite. The mafic-ultramafic rocks of the complex exhibit typical cumulate textures, curved-upward REE patterns, and variable contents of compatible elements, suggesting a cumulate origin. The syenite shows Sr-Nd isotopic ratios similar to the mafic-ultramafic complex and positive Eu anomalies in the chondrite-normalized REE patterns, suggesting that the syenite may represent residual melt after significant fractional crystallization of mafic melt. The mafic-ultramafic cumulates have low HREE abundance and high (Tb/Yb)N (2.5–4.2) and Dy/Yb ratios (>2), indicating that they may have originated from melting of garnet peridotite in the mantle. The Dongwanzi Complex is characterized by a large variation in Sr-Nd isotopic composition, with ISr = 0.7035 to 0.7052 and εNd(t) = −4.0 to +5.2, which may be accounted for by mixing melts of depleted asthenospheric and enriched lithospheric sources. The radiogenic Os isotopic compositions of the complex ((187Os/188Os)i = 0.1344 to 0.3090) suggest slight contamination by mafic lower crust (≤2.5% based on Os isotopic modelling). The Dongwanzi Complex exhibits arc-related whole-rock and mineral geochemical affinities, such as enrichment in LILE (e.g. Sr, Ba, K) and depletion in HFSE (e.g. Nb, Ta, Ti). The abundance of hornblende and high CaO contents (22–24 wt.%) of clinopyroxene suggest that the source was rich in H2O, probably due to the formation above a subduction zone. We conclude that the Dongwanzi Complex and the related crust–mantle interactions probably reflect formation in a back-arc extensional environment related to the subduction of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean beneath the northern margin of the North China Craton in late Palaeozoic time.
Antioxidant Activity of Gamat (Stichopus variegatus) and Milk Sea Cucumbers (Holothuria fuscocinerea) from the Thousand Islands National Park Waters

The frequent use of synthetic antioxidant compounds can cause degenerative diseases, especially consumers, so that natural antioxidant compounds are needed to reduce the risk of disease. One of the biotas that may contain potential as natural antioxidants is sea cucumber. Sea cucumbers are marine invertebrates that have therapeutic properties whose bioactive content has the potential as antioxidants. Thus, this study aims to determine the potential of two species of sea cucumber (Stichopus variegatus and Holothuria fuscocinerea) as natural antioxidant candidates as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants by knowing the bioactive content and analyzing the antioxidant activity of the sample. The research was started from April 1 to September 29, 2021 with methods including sampling in the waters of the Thousand Islands National Park, extraction, antioxidant testing, testing for total compound content, and data analysis on sample extracts of S. variegatus and H. fuscocinerea. The results of the DDPH antioxidant test and β-carotene bleaching assay after the one-way ANOVA test showed that the antioxidant activity value was P < 0.05, which means that there was a significant difference in sample concentration on antioxidant activity. In the method and -carotene bleaching assay, the sample extracts of S. variegatus and H. fuscocinerea were 46.37% and 45.75%, respectively. Based on the value of the antioxidant test results and bioactive content, it can be concluded that the sample extracts of S. variegatus and H. fuscocinerea have very weak antioxidant activity so that they cannot be used as alternative natural antioxidants to replace synthetic antioxidants.
Computer simulation of trace fossils with random patterns, and the use of goniograms

A spectrum of gradational random patterns simulating late Proterozoic trace fossils such as Helminthoidichnites, Torrowangea, and intermediate types was produced, using only two variables: angular deviation per unit length of trace and randomly determined turning directions. Loop development can be a random feature and thus of uncertain taxonomic significance. Plots of local trace orientation versus distance along trace (goniograms) and derivative graphs provide quantitatively efficient ways of presenting multiple data on horizontal trace fossils. By comparison, graphs for Gordia show strong nonrandom signals.
New evidence that the Lower Cambrian Leny Limestone at Callander, Perthshire, belongs to the Dalradian Supergroup, and a reassessment of the ‘exotic’ status of the Highland Border Complex

Abstract The Lower Cambrian Leny Limestone at Callander in Scotland lies within a sequence of palecoloured grits and dark slates (here named the Keltie Water Grit Formation (KWGF)) which has lithological similarities with members of the Highland Border Complex (HBC) (Ordovician) seen elsewhere along the Highland Border. The Keltie Water Grit Formation has a transitional boundary with a grit-slate sequence of undoubted Dalradian parentage; as the ‘Leny Grits’ of previous workers include both the KWGF and part of the Dalradian sequence, this term is now rendered invalid. The entire sequence youngs upwards from the Dalradian to the top of the overlying Keltie Water Grit Formation, shares the same structural sequence and geometry, and has the same facing and vergence direction on the main cleavage. All field and petrographic data are consistent with a minimum age of post-early Cambrian for the Grampian event, the main orogenic event to affect the Dalradian. Examination of critical sections elsewhere across the Highland Border shows that there is an apparently consistent stratigraphical and structural relationship between the Highland Border Complex and the Dalradian which, as suggested by some previous workers, would require the Grampian event to be post-Arenig in age. However, we are faced with a so-far unresolved paradox that there are certain palaeontological and radiometric data which are in conflict with this conclusion, and support the alternative hypothesis that the Highland Border Complex docked with the Dalradian in post-Ordovician times.
Assessing the potential to derive air–sea freshwater fluxes from Aquarius‐like observations of surface salinity

A state‐of‐the‐art numerical model is used to investigate the possibility of determining freshwater flux fields from temporal changes in sea‐surface salinity (SSS), a goal of the satellite salinity‐measuring mission, Aquarius/SAC‐D. Because the estimated advective temporal scale is usually longer than the Aquarius/SAC‐D revisit time, the possibility of producing freshwater flux estimates from temporal salinity changes is first examined by using a correlation analysis. For the mean seasonal cycle, the patterns of the correlations between the freshwater fluxes and surface salinity temporal tendencies are mainly zonally oriented, and are highest where the local precipitation is also relatively high. Nonseasonal (deviations from the monthly mean) correlations are highest along mid‐latitude storm tracks and are relatively small in the tropics. The complex correlation patterns presented here suggest that a global retrieval of the difference between evaporation and precipitation (E–P) from salinity changes requires more complex techniques than a simple consideration of a local balance with surface forcing.
Two-Dimensional Inclinometer/Tilt Sensor With a Large Dynamic Range Utilizing Half-Wavelength Microstrip Resonator

This article presents a 2-D inclinometer consisting of two individual sensors oriented orthogonally to one another such that each sensor measures the tilt angle along its respective axis. The sensors are constructed using a combination of a half-wavelength microstrip transmission line on a printed circuit board and a rotating transmission line on an overlapping circuit board. As the inclination angle changes, the overall length of the resonator varies, leading to a shift in the resonance wavelength. This wavelength shift accurately represents the inclination variation. The experimental results demonstrate a sensitivity of 0.507 mm/° and a resolution of 0.029° for the sensor. The inclinometer offers a wide dynamic tilt angle measurement range of at least 80° (±40°) along any axis in XY plane. Additionally, the proposed inclinometer exhibits simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and robustness.
Analysis of Fatwas by the National Sharia Board-Indonesian Council of Ulama on the Stock Market

This research aims to analyze the fatwas issued by the National Sharia Board-Indonesian Council of Ulama (Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia, abbreviated DSN-MUI in Bahasa Indonesia) concerning activities in the stock market. This study focused on the characteristics and general development of these fatwas. This study adopts a normative approach to examine whether the DSN-MUI fatwas related to the stock market. The data utilized in this study are of a secondary nature, encompassing fatwa information issued by the DSN-MUI. These data were further analyzed using a descriptive-qualitative approach and content analysis, particularly pertaining to fatwas. The results of this research indicate that the fatwas issued by the DSN-MUI serves varying purposes across different periods. These fatwas sometimes emerge as responses to questions about business matters or as reactions to recent developments in stock market products. Another finding of this study is that the fatwas issued by the DSN-MUI followed a specific pattern in its structure, starting with verses from the Quran and Hadith of the Prophet, followed by Fiqh principles, opinions of classical and contemporary scholars, and concluding with the National Sharia Board's stance on the specific topic. The development of these fatwas reflects the gradual (tadarruj) principle within Islamic jurisprudence regarding legal action.
Achieving satellite instrument calibration for climate change

For the most part, satellite observations of climate are not presently sufficiently accurate to establish a climate record that is indisputable and hence capable of determining whether and at what rate the climate is changing. Furthermore, they are insufficient for establishing a baseline for testing long-term trend predictions of climate models. Satellite observations do provide a clear picture of the relatively large signals associated with interannual climate variations such as El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and they have also been used to diagnose gross inadequacies of climate models, such as their cloud generation schemes. However, satellite contributions to measuring long-term change have been limited and, at times, controversial, as in the case of differing atmospheric temperature trends derived from the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) microwave radiometers.
Hydrographic and transport variability on the Halifax section

[1] Archived data and geostrophic computations are used to examine variability in hydrographic properties and along-shelf transport on the Scotian Shelf, with focus on the Halifax section and a decadal-scale hydrographic anomaly during the late 1950s and early/mid 1960s. The long-term annual cycle shows strong seasonal variations in baroclinic transport on the inner shelf and at the shelf edge, and an associated steric change in adjusted sea level (ASL) at Halifax. Regional wind-forcing and barotropic currents make smaller contributions to the annual cycle in ASL. In contrast, regional wind-forcing contributes about 40% of the ASL variability for periods of 6–30 days. Hydrographic sections indicate that the 1950s/1960s anomaly arose from episodic extensions of Labrador Slope Water along the shelf edge followed by on-shelf intrusions, primarily during the fall-spring periods of 1958–1959 and 1963–1964. It ended with excursions of Warm Slope Water into the region in 1967–1968. An analysis of monthly temperature anomalies indicates that slope temperatures can account for 50% of the variance of deep shelf temperatures 3–6 months later. Correlations between the hydrographic and baroclinic transport variations indicate increased southwestward flow associated with lower temperatures and salinities, but no evidence was found for large local current events at the onset and termination times of the 1950s/1960s anomaly. Positive correlations between wind-adjusted ASL and steric anomalies point to the potential for sea level being helpful in monitoring baroclinic transport variability.
Quantifying recreation use values from removing dams and restoring free‐flowing rivers: A contingent behavior travel cost demand model for the Lower Snake River

A travel cost demand model that uses intended trips if dams are removed and the river restored is presented as a tool for evaluating the potential recreation benefits in this counterfactual but increasingly policy relevant analysis of dam removal. The model is applied to the Lower Snake River in Washington using data from mail surveys of households in the Pacific Northwest region. Five years after dam removal, about 1.5 million visitor days are estimated, with this number growing to 2.5 million annually during years 20–100. Using the travel cost method model estimate of the value of river recreation, if the four dams are removed and the 225 km river is restored, the annualized benefits at a 6.875% discount rate would be $310 million. This gain in river recreation exceeds the loss of reservoir recreation but is about $60 million less than the total costs of the dam removal alternative. The analysis suggests this extension of the standard travel cost method may be suitable for evaluating the gain in river recreation associated with restoration of river systems from dam removal or associated with dam relicensing conditions.
Hepatitis E Prevalence in Vulnerable Populations in Goiânia, Central Brazil

A transversal study was conducted among 472 vulnerable individuals (recyclable waste pickers, immigrants and refugees, homeless individuals, as well as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transexual individuals) in Goiânia City, the capital of the State of Goiás, Brazil, to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. A total of 459 (97.2%) serum samples were tested for anti-HEV IgG and IgM antibodies using fully automated chemiluminescence immunoassays (Liaison® Murex Anti-HEV IgG and IgM assays, DiaSorin, Saluggia, Italy). Positive samples were tested for the presence of HEV RNA by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. A seroprevalence of 0.87% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34–2.22) was found for anti-HEV IgG. Furthermore, anti-HEV IgM was detected in only one individual (0.22%; 95% CI: 0.04–1.22), who was also negative for HEV RNA. These findings revealed that HEV infection is infrequent in vulnerable individuals in Central Brazil, with low seroprevalence of past and recent HEV infections.
Relict cryopedogenic features in soils with secondary carbonate horizons, western Wyoming, USA

We document relict cryopedogenic features in strongly developed calcic horizons on a flight of fluvial terraces in a mid‐latitude, intermontane basin in western Wyoming, USA. The calcic horizons show many distinctive cryopedogenic features including relict sand wedges, involutions, mixed horizons, fragmented and displaced carbonate/silica stone pendants and indurated soil material, and vertically oriented stones. Evidence of mixing, fracture, displacement and orientation of soil materials, independent of evidence for biologic or recrystallisation processes, strongly suggests cryoturbation. The soils also include micro‐scale features such as orbiculic and suscitic fabrics, vesicular and elongated pores, shattered pedogenic ooids and sand grains, and platy to blocky microstructure. The micro‐scale features are likely related to seasonal frost. The calcic horizons do not include progressive morphological differences across the upper eight terraces in the study area. The overall similarity is likely caused by the fracturing and mixing processes associated with cryoturbation. There is a need to further document cryoturbation features in calcic horizons to understand the specific cryogenic processes related to their genesis. Cryoturbation implies movement and mixing of soil material. Thus the recognition of relict cryoturbation features in mid‐latitude calcic soils may have significant implications regarding their use for geochronology, palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic reconstruction. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Different Cooking Methods on Folate Retention in Various Foods That Are amongst the Major Contributors to Folate Intake in the Uk Diet

Folate intake is strongly influenced by various methods of cooking that can degrade the natural forms of the vitamin in foods. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of different cooking methods on folate retention in various foods that contribute to folate intake in the UK diet. Typical purchasing and cooking practices of representative food folate sources were determined from a questionnaire survey of local shoppers (n 100). Total folate was determined by microbiological assay (Lactobacillus casei NCIMB 10463) following thermal extraction and tri-enzyme (a-amylase, protease and conjugase) treatment in raw foods and after typical methods of cooking. Boiling for typical time periods resulted in only 49 % retention of folate in spinach (191·8 and 94·4 mg/100 g for raw and boiled spinach respectively; P, 0·005), and only 44 % in broccoli (177·1 and 77·0 mg/100 g for raw and boiled broccoli respectively, P, 0·0001). Steaming of spinach or broccoli, in contrast, resulted in no significant decrease in folate content, even for the maximum steaming periods of 4·5 min (spinach) and 15·0 min (broccoli). Prolonged grilling of beef for the maximum period of 16·0 min did not result in a significant decrease in folate content (54·3 and 51·5 mg/100 g for raw and grilled beef respectively). Compared with raw values, boiling of whole potatoes (skin and flesh) for 60·0 min did not result in a significant change in folate content (125·1 and 102·8 mg/100 g for raw and boiled potato respectively), nor was there any effect on folate retention whether or not skin was retained during boiling. These current results show that the retention of folate in various foods is highly dependent both on the food in question and the method of cooking. Thus, public health efforts to increase folate intake in order to improve folate status should incorporate practical advice on cooking. Optimal folate status may have a role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease via plasma homocysteine-lowering the most compelling evidence for the benefit of optimal folate status is its link with the prevention of neural tube have recommended an extra 400 mg folic acid/d in addition to normal dietary folate intake to prevent the occurrence of neural tube defects. However, more recent studies suggest that an additional intake of 200 mg folic acid/d may be optimal both for the prevention of neural tube defect occurrence (Daly et al. 1997) and for the lowering …
Subsidence history from a backstripping analysis of the Permo‐Mesozoic succession of the Central Southern Alps (Northern Italy)

Seven tectonic subsidence curves, based on outcrop data, have been calculated in order to constrain the geodynamic evolution of the Permian–Mesozoic sedimentary succession (up to 10 km thick) of the Central Southern Alps basin (Italy). The analysis of the tectonic subsidence curves, covering a time span of about 200 Ma, allowed us to quantify the subsidence rates, to document the activity of syndepositional fault systems and calculate their slip rates. Different stages, in terms of duration and magnitude of subsidence‐uplift trends, have been identified in the evolution of the basin. The fault activity, reconstructed by comparing subsidence curves from adjacent sectors, resulted as highly variable both temporally and spatially. Strike‐slip tectonics was coeval to Permian sedimentation, as suggested by the strong differences in the subsidence rates in the sections. The evolution and subsidence rates suggest a continental shelf deposition from Early Triassic to Carnian, when subsidence came to a stop. A rapid resumption of subsidence is observed from the Norian, with a subsidence pulse in the Late Norian, followed by the regional uplift, in the Late Rhaetian. The following Early Jurassic subsidence is characterized by tectonic subsidence similar to that of the Norian. The Norian and Early Jurassic pulses were characterized by the highest slip rates along growth faults and are identified as two distinct tectonic events. The Norian–Rhaetian event is tentatively related to transtensional tectonics whereas the Early Jurassic event is related to crustal extension. The Early Jurassic subsidence records a shift in space an time of the beginning of the extensional stage, from Late Hettangian to the east to Late Pliensbachian–Toarcian to the west. From the Toarcian to the Aptian, the curves are compatible with regional thermal subsidence, later followed (Albian–Cenomanian) by uplift pulses in a retrobelt foreland basin (from Cenomanian onward).
Superoxide radical assays and applications in Mars‐like Atacama soils

[1] Soils on Mars are thought to accumulate superoxide radicals, as they are formed continually by UV radiation hits on basalt minerals. Yet, beyond electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, no other methods exist that detect and quantify superoxide radicals in soils. This study describes two such assays that are based on the reaction of superoxide radical with hydroethidine and oxidized cytochrome c. They are unique in being able to test unambiguously for the presence of superoxide in a soil matrix with a high level of accuracy. Applications with soils from the Atacama Desert showed that the sensitivity of the assays is equal to or greater than that of EPR spectroscopy.
Inflammatory markers in outpatients with schizophrenia diagnosis in regular use of clozapine: a cross-sectional study

It is known that inflammation worsen the course of schizophrenia and induce high clozapine serum levels. However, no study evaluated this change in function of clozapine daily dose in schizophrenia. We assessed the correlation between inflammation and severity symptoms in patients with schizophrenia that take and do not take clozapine. We also assessed the correlation between clozapine daily dose and inflammatory markers to patients who take this drug. Patients were recruited from Schizophrenia Ambulatory and Psychosocial Care Center of Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre and from an association of relatives of patients with schizophrenia. Exam results, and other important clinical exam were assessed in patients record or patients were asked to show their exam in the case of outpatients. We included 104 patients, 90 clozapine users and 14 non-clozapine users. We calculate the systemic inflammatory markers [neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), and the psychopathology severity by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scaled anchored (BPRS-a)]. These variables were compared between clozapine users and non-clozapine users. It was used mean/median test according to data distributing, with study factor (SII, MLR, and PLR), the clinical outcome: severity of symptomatology (BPRS score), and clozapine daily dose as adjustment factor. Clozapine users exhibited a significantly higher neutrophil count (mean ± SD: 5.03 ± 2.07) compared to non-clozapine users (mean ± SD: 3.48 ± 1.27; p = 0.031). After controlling for comorbidity, other parameters also showed significant differences. These findings are consistent with previous studies that have demonstrated an inflammatory response following the administration of clozapine.