Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating a Model of Added Sugar Intake Based on Amino Acid Carbon Isotope Ratios in a Controlled Feeding Study of U.S. Adults

Previous studies suggest that amino acid carbon stable isotope ratios (CIRAAs) may serve as biomarkers of added sugar (AS) intake, but this has not been tested in a demographically diverse population. We conducted a 15-day feeding study of U.S. adults, recruited across sex, age, and BMI groups. Participants consumed personalized diets that resembled habitual intake, assessed using two consecutive 7-day food records. We measured serum (n = 99) CIRAAs collected at the end of the feeding period and determined correlations with diet. We used forward selection to model AS intake using participant characteristics and 15 CIRAAs. This model was internally validated using bootstrap optimism correction. Median (25th, 75th percentile) AS intake was 65.2 g/day (44.7, 81.4) and 9.5% (7.2%, 12.4%) of energy. The CIR of alanine had the highest, although modest, correlation with AS intake (r = 0.32, p = 0.001). Serum CIRAAs were more highly correlated with animal food intakes, especially the ratio of animal to total protein. The AS model included sex, body weight and 6 CIRAAs. This model had modest explanatory power (multiple R2 = 0.38), and the optimism-corrected R2 was lower (R2 = 0.15). Further investigations in populations with wider ranges of AS intake are warranted.
Perceived Housing in Relation to Retirement and Relocation: A Qualitative Interview Study among Older Adults

As people age the home environment becomes increasingly important. Retirement commonly leads to spending more time in one’s home, and relocating from your own home in older age could be associated with reduced health or wellbeing. The relationship between home and person is complex and perceived aspects of one’s housing such as social, emotional and cognitive ties are considered important factors for health and wellbeing. However, little is known about how perceived aspects of the home change in relation to retirement and relocation. This paper used Situational Analysis to explore, via situational mapping, how community dwelling older adults (aged 60–75) perceived their housing situation in relation to retirement and relocation. The results suggest complex relations between relocation/retirement and perceived housing, and between different aspects of perceived housing. Furthermore, the results suggest that the relationship between life transitions and perceived housing can be seen as bi-directional, where different life transitions affect aspects of perceived housing, and that perceived housing affects (decisions for) relocation. The results suggest complex relations between retirement and relocation, as well as other life transitions, and perceived aspects of one’s housing. It is important to consider these interactions to understand factors that affect health and wellbeing in older adults.
DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF CORALS AT POSHITRA, GULF OF KACHCHH, GUJARAT

Corals are the tiny invertebrates and are keystone species. The individual colony are called “polyps” which secrete calcium carbonate. Such colony forms a coral reef which play a major role in providing shelter to marine animals. Amongst four major reefs in India one is Gulf of Kachchh. Gujarat has a longest coastline of about 1650 km among all the marine states in India and the Gulf of Kachchh (22⁰15’ - 23⁰40’N; 68⁰20’ - 70⁰40’E) is the biggest gulf along the west coast of India. It is endowed with 42 islands with fringing reef of corals and mangroves which provided congenial habitat to many marine animals (Roy et al., 2015). In the present study, the diversity and distribution of corals were enumerated for three (03) different sites at Poshitra in the Gulf of Kachchh. The study was carried out during December 2019 to March 2020. The method used was random quadrant method. Total 18 hard corals and 01 soft coral were recorded. Further, diversity indices of corals were carried in which site 2 showed highest species richness which is also called alpha diversity, for beta diversity number of species variety were more in site 1 and site 2 and for evenness, the species were more evenly distributed in site 2.
Listen to Me! – A Mixed-Methods Study of Thoughts and Attitudes Towards Participation in Pulmonary Telerehabilitation Among People with Severe and Very Severe COPD Who Declined Participation in Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Introduction Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a key standard treatment for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with documented effect on symptom relief, improved physical function, and quality of life. However, referral, uptake and adherence rates remain low. Pulmonary telerehabilitation (PTR) is a safe and effective alternative to conventional PR. This study explores associations, thoughts and attitudes towards PTR in patients with COPD who decline referral to outpatient hospital-based routine PR. Methods A mixed-methods study with integration of survey data (n=84) and semi-structured interviews (n=9). Results We found a significant association between belief of effect of PTR and willingness to participate. Increasing age was significantly associated with reduced odds of daily use of central processing unit (CPU) or tablet. One-third of the participants were undecided about potential participation in PTR. Qualitative findings highlight that participants perceived participating in PTR as more convenient and had preferences for individualized, supervised, and monitored rehabilitation. Conclusion Those willing to participate in a PTR program believed in the benefits, were comfortable with technological devices, had preferences for exercising at home, and saw opportunities in the social setting. Future PTR programs should include monitoring, preferably managed by a familiar health care professional (HCP).
Infrared and dielectric spectroscopy of the relaxor ferroelectric Sr0.61Ba0.39Nb2O6

The dielectric response of strontium barium niobate with 61% Sr has been studied from kHz to THz frequencies by means of several techniques (IR and time domain THz spectroscopy, the coaxial technique and dielectric spectroscopy) over a wide temperature interval: 20–600 K. A strong dielectric anisotropy is present in all the results. Relaxor ferroelectric properties were detected in εc*(T,ν). At very high temperatures a strong relaxation appears in the microwave and THz range, which shifts and broadens to lower frequencies on cooling and then splits into two components. The high frequency one is seen in the THz range at high temperatures and the strong low frequency one weakens below the temperature Tm of the smeared permittivity maximum and broadens extremely in the spectra leaving a constant-loss background at very low temperatures. This relaxation is responsible for the dielectric anomaly near the ferroelectric transition. No anomalies in phonon frequencies were observed, which gives evidence relating to the order–disorder mechanism of the phase transition. The response perpendicular to the polar axis shows anomalous features at low temperatures, which could be connected with the shift of the low frequency limit of a broad dispersion (much weaker than along the polar axis) from the GHz range at 200 K to the kHz range at 40 K. There is no clear evidence of a new phase transition below 100 K suggested by some authors.
Investigation of the Negative Emotions Exhibited in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease After PCI and Any Influencing Factors

Purpose To understand existing negative emotions in patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary stent implantation (PCI) and analyse its influencing factors. Methods Patients with coronary heart disease after PCI in three tertiary hospitals in Changsha City from April to September 2018 were selected as the research subjects. The self-designed general information questionnaire assessed irritability, depression and anxiety (IDA) on a self-rating scale. It was used to examine patients’ existing negative emotions with coronary heart disease after PCI and analyse the influencing factors. Results 203 questionnaires were distributed, and 202 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 99.5%. The IDA score of patients with coronary heart disease after PCI was 17.01±7.60 points, the incidence of negative emotions was 63.8%, and the incidences of depression, anxiety and irritability were 39.6%, 8.4% and 15.8%, respectively. Negative emotion was taken as the dependent variable and a patient’s general data, such as lifestyle and disease, as the independent variables. A univariate analysis was conducted to obtain gender, age, educational level, marital status, work status, per capita monthly household income, sleep status, etc. Seven factors were identified as the influencing factors of negative emotions in patients with coronary heart disease after PCI, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Most patients with coronary heart disease after PCI tend to exhibit negative emotions such as anxiety and depression. Medical staff should attach great importance to evaluating any negative feelings in this group and take timely targeted intervention measures to prevent and mitigate the occurrence and development of these adverse emotions in patients with coronary heart disease after PCI.
Associations between Greenspaces and Individual Health: A Longitudinal Study in China

Using a longitudinal survey in China, this study identifies the effect of greenspaces on individual health in the aspects of self-rated health, mental health, feeling physical discomfort, and being hospitalized. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is used to measure the greenery cover of each city, and findings show that higher NDVI leads to the improvement of personal self-rated health status, and it also decreases the probability of being hospitalized, having symptoms of physical discomfort, and being lost in bad mood. The positive health effect of NDVI in the city is much more significant and larger for the middle-aged, the elderly, and the low-educated. The evidence of the three possible channels through which the NDVI of each city shows a positive correlation with individual physical and mental health is found. The increased NDVI in the city encourages residents to foster healthier habits (e.g., decreasing smoking or drinking, increasing sleeping hours), improves air quality and reduces air pollution in each city, and promotes the social cohesion of people, and so the health status of residents is enhanced. This study implies that increasing greenspaces in the city is an effective strategy to improve social welfare and residents’ health.
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS)

Kylie Kai Ni Yap, Kususanto Ditto Prihadi, Susanna Poay Lin Hong, Fahyuni Baharuddin Department of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral Science, Higher Education Learning Philosophi University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science and Liberal Arts, University College Sedaya International, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas 45, Surabaya, Indonesia
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS)

Received Feb 1, 2022 Revised Aug 14, 2022 Accepted Sep 5, 2022 The occurrence of COVID-19 has a psychological impact on the elderly which will affect mental health and quality of life. This study aimed to identify the relationship between depression, anxiety, coping strategies with the quality of life of the elderly. This cross sectional study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cluster sampling technique was used to select 232 sample. This study employed geriatric depression scale (GDS 15) to measure depression, the geriatric anxiety inventory (GAI) to measure anxiety, brief resilient coping skala (BRCS) to measure coping stratecgies, and the WHOQOOL-BRIEF questionnaire to measure quality of life among the elderly. Data analysis used Multiple Linear Regression statistical test. This study showed that there is a correlation between depression and quality of life (p=0.000), anxiety and quality of life (p=0.000) with coping strategies and quality of life (p=0.027). This study recommended the provision of appropriate psychological interventions to improve and maintain the quality of life among the elderly.
On the Minimum Size of DEMO

Abstract A set of simple scaling relations is derived to assess the impact of plasma physics and technology assumptions on the design of a DEMO tokamak fusion reactor. At the same time, it is shown that by postulating that the plasma physics assumptions are consistent with those that can be reliably reached in present-day experiments and that the recirculating power is reasonably low, a tokamak DEMO operating with steady-state plasma operation is of large size, comparable to a reactor - suggesting that the study of pulsed options should receive more attention in the future. The scaling relations reproduce well the results from a number of previous studies, indicating that they are particularly well suited for future parametric scoping studies. From the relations derived, it also follows that the areas in which future progress will have a particularly large impact on the attractiveness of DEMO are the β limit in plasma physics and in technology the magnetic field strength Bt and the wall-plug efficiency ηCD of the systems to drive noninductive current.
Prognostic Impacts of LL-37 in Relation to Lipid Profiles of Patients with Myocardial Infarction: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background. In vivo studies show that LL-37 inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis and predicts a lower risk of recurrent ischemia in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which could be mediated by the modulation of lipid metabolism. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of various lipid contents on the prognostic impacts of LL-37 in patients with AMI. Methods. A total of 1567 consecutive AMI patients were prospectively recruited from March 2017 to January 2020. Patients were firstly stratified into two groups by the median level of LL-37 and then stratified by levels of various lipid contents and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). Cox regression with multiple adjustments was performed to analyze associations between LL-37, lipid profiles, PCSK9, and various outcomes. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), a composite of all-cause death, recurrent MI, and ischemic stroke. Results. During a median follow-up of 786 (726–1107) days, a total of 252 MACEs occurred. A high level of LL-37 was associated with lower risk of MACE in patients with elevated lipoprotein(a) (≥300 mg/L, hazard ratio (HR): 0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29–0.86, p = 0.012) or PCSK9 levels above the median (≥47.4 ng/mL, HR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.39–0.82, p < 0.001), which was not observed for those without elevated lp(a) (<300 mg/L, HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.70–1.31, p = 0.781, p interaction = 0.035) or PCSK9 (<47.4 ng/mL, HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.68–1.54, p = 0.905, p interaction = 0.032). Conclusions. For patients with AMI, a high level of LL-37 was associated with lower ischemic risk among patients with elevated lp(a) and PCSK9.
Effects of Yttrium Doping on Erbium-Based Hydroxyapatites: Theoretical and Experimental Study

This is the first investigation of yttrium (Y) and erbium (Er) co-doped hydroxyapatite (HAp) structures, conducted using theoretical and experimental procedures. By using a wet chemical method, the materials were synthesized by varying the concentration of Y amounts of 0.13, 0.26, 0.39, 0.52, 0.65, and 0.78 at. % every virtual 10 atoms of calcium, whereas Er was kept fixed at 0.39 at. %. Spectroscopic, thermal, and in vitro biocompatibility testing were performed on the generated samples. Theoretical calculations were carried out to compute the energy bandgap, density of states, and linear absorption coefficient. The effects of Y concentration on thermal, morphological, and structural parameters were investigated in detail. Raman and Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies confirmed the formation of the HAp structure in the samples. Theoretical investigations indicated that the increasing amount of Y increased the density from 3.1724 g cm−3 to 3.1824 g cm−3 and decreased the bandgap energy from 4.196 eV to 4.156 eV, except for the sample containing 0.39 at. % of the dopant, which exhibited a decrease in the bandgap. The values of linear absorption appeared reduced with an increase in photon energy. The samples exhibited cell viability higher than 110%, which revealed excellent biocompatibility for biological applications of the prepared samples.
Why Matter Matters: Fast-Tracking Mycobacterium abscessus Drug Discovery

Unlike Tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium abscessus lung disease is a highly drug-resistant bacterial infection with no reliable treatment options. De novo M. abscessus drug discovery is urgently needed but is hampered by the bacterium’s extreme drug resistance profile, leaving the current drug pipeline underpopulated. One proposed strategy to accelerate de novo M. abscessus drug discovery is to prioritize screening of advanced TB-active compounds for anti-M. abscessus activity. This approach would take advantage of the greater chance of homologous drug targets between mycobacterial species, increasing hit rates. Furthermore, the screening of compound series with established structure–activity-relationship, pharmacokinetic, and tolerability properties should fast-track the development of in vitro anti-M. abscessus hits into lead compounds with in vivo efficacy. In this review, we evaluated the effectiveness of this strategy by examining the literature. We found several examples where the screening of advanced TB chemical matter resulted in the identification of anti-M. abscessus compounds with in vivo proof-of-concept, effectively populating the M. abscessus drug pipeline with promising new candidates. These reports validate the screening of advanced TB chemical matter as an effective means of fast-tracking M. abscessus drug discovery.
Molecular Mechanisms of Takotsubo Syndrome

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a severe but reversible acute heart failure syndrome that occurs following high catecholaminergic stress. TTS patients are similar to those with acute coronary syndrome, with chest pain, dyspnoea and ST segment changes on electrocardiogram, but are characterised by apical akinesia of the left ventricle, with basal hyperkinesia in the absence of culprit coronary artery stenosis. The pathophysiology of TTS is not completely understood and there is a paucity of evidence to guide treatment. The mechanisms of TTS are thought to involve catecholaminergic myocardial stunning, microvascular dysfunction, increased inflammation and changes in cardiomyocyte metabolism. Here, we summarise the available literature to focus on the molecular basis for the pathophysiology of TTS to advance the understanding of the condition.
Birational boundedness for holomorphic symplectic varieties, Zarhin's trick for $K3$ surfaces, and the Tate conjecture

We investigate boundedness results for families of holomorphic symplectic varieties up to birational equivalence. We prove the analogue of Zarhin's trick by for $K3$ surfaces by constructing big line bundles of low degree on certain moduli spaces of stable sheaves, and proving birational versions of Matsusaka's big theorem for holomorphic symplectic varieties. As a consequence of these results, we give a new geometric proof of the Tate conjecture for $K3$ surfaces over finite fields of characteristic at least $5$, and a simple proof of the Tate conjecture for $K3$ surfaces with Picard number at least $2$ over arbitrary finite fields -- including characteristic $2$.
Spectroscopic and Physicochemical Investigations of Azomethines with Triphenylamine Core towards Optoelectronics

Three new azomethines based on triphenylamine with two or three substituents were obtained. Chemical structure and purity were confirmed by 1H NMR, FTIR elemental analysis and mass spectroscopy. The investigations were focused on the relationship between chemical structure and properties important for optoelectronic materials. Thus, the studies of thermal, optical and electrochemical properties were carried out based on differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, electronic absorption, photoluminescence and cyclic voltammetry measurements. The ongoing consideration of experimental results was complemented by theoretical calculations using the density functional theory method. The donor activity of obtained compounds was tested in bulk-heterojuntion photovoltaic cells with structure ITO/PEDOT:PSS/imine:PCBM/Al and ITO/PEDOT:PSS/imine:P3HT:PCBM/Al). The effect of the presence of the amino-thiophene-3,4-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester groups and various number of hexyloxyphenyl units on imines properties was demonstrated.
Oral Supplementation with the Polyamine Spermidine Affects Hepatic but Not Pulmonary Lipid Metabolism in Lean but Not Obese Mice

The polyamine spermidine is discussed as a caloric restriction mimetic and therapeutic option for obesity and related comorbidities. This study tested oral spermidine supplementation with regard to the systemic, hepatic and pulmonary lipid metabolism under different diet conditions. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a purified control (CD), high sucrose (HSD) or high fat (HFD) diet with (-S) or without spermidine for 30 weeks. In CD-fed mice, spermidine decreased body and adipose tissue weights and reduced hepatic lipid content. The HSD induced hepatic lipid synthesis and accumulation and hypercholesterolemia. This was not affected by spermidine supplementation, but body weight and blood glucose were lower in HSD-S compared to HSD. HFD-fed mice showed higher body and fat depot weights, prediabetes, hypercholesterolemia and severe liver steatosis, which were not altered by spermidine. Within the liver, spermidine diminished hepatic expression of lipogenic transcription factors SREBF1 and 2 under HSD and HFD and affected the expression of other lipid-related enzymes. In contrast, diet and spermidine exerted only minor effects on pulmonary parameters. Thus, oral spermidine supplementation affects lipid metabolism in a diet-dependent manner, with significant reductions in body fat and weight under physiological nutrition and positive effects on weight and blood glucose under high sucrose intake, but no impact on dietary fat-related parameters.
Experimental Study of Arc Discharge Induced Electrode Erosion and Its Influence on Arc Behaviors

Substantial energy dissipation in arc discharge results in strong wall and electrode erosion in a circuit breaker chamber, which largely alters arc plasma properties and thus affects the arc behaviors. Due to the strong vaporization rate, the generated vapor will give rise to a gas flow. Vapor flow and gas-dynamics will change the local partial vapor pressure, which in return adjusts the vaporization rate. The understanding of arc induced vaporization is of great importance to study dynamic arc behavior and the power interruption performance in circuit breakers, which however has not been fully studied. Significant progress has been made in the experiments and modelling of electric arc. Due to the surface ablation and metal erosion, a theoretical model needs to be established to estimate the influence of metal vaporization on the arc behaviors. In this work, we show the experiment of a low-voltage arc discharge and point out the most important factors that determines the metal vaporization rate, namely the discharge current. Beyond an explanation of the physical process of plasma induced erosion, we outline the general approach to study and model the arc induced metal vaporization.