Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examining correlates of feeding practices among parents of preschoolers

Background: Parent feeding practices play a critical role in children’s eating behaviors. Limited research has explored child-level correlates of parent feeding practices. Aim: To identify correlates of feeding practices (responsive and controlling) among parents of preschoolers US. Methods: Participants included parents (n = 273) of preschoolers (3–5 years), recruited from Early Care and Education settings (n = 24) located in a metropolitan city in the US. Analysis included descriptives, correlations, and multiple regression. Results: For responsive feeding practices, positive associations included child's weight with unintentional modeling (β = .17, 95% CI [0.12, 0.53]), child vegetable consumption with behavioral role modeling (β = 0.22, 95% CI [0.17, 0.44]), and parent monitoring with verbal modeling (β = 0.21, 95% CI [0.12, 0.34]). For controlling feeding practices, parent restriction was positively associated with child weight concern (β = 0.22, 95% CI [0.13, 0.39]) and parent monitoring (β = 0.13, 95% CI [0.01, 0.19]), whereas child vegetable consumption was negatively associated (β = −0.16, 95% CI [−0.27, −0.05]). Pressure to eat was negatively associated with child weight concern (β = −0.18, 95% CI [−0.45, −0.09]), child fruit consumption (β = −0.12, 95% CI [−0.37, −0.01]), household income (β = −0.13, 95% CI [−0.30, −0.02]), and parent weight (β = −0.14, 95% CI [−0.60, −0.05]), Conclusions: Findings highlight the importance of child characteristics when examining correlates of parent feeding practices, demonstrating bidirectional interactions between parent feeding practices and children’s eating behaviors. Considering child-level correlates may improve the implementation of responsive feeding practices and reduce controlling feeding practices.
Real-Time Genomics for Tracking Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Border Incursions after Virus Elimination, New Zealand

Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was first eliminated in New Zealand in May 2020, a total of 13 known coronavirus disease (COVID-19) community outbreaks have occurred, 2 of which led health officials to issue stay-at-home orders. These outbreaks originated at the border via isolating returnees, airline workers, and cargo vessels. Because a public health system was informed by real-time viral genomic sequencing and complete genomes typically were available within 12 hours of community-based positive COVID-19 test results, every outbreak was well-contained. A total of 225 community cases resulted in 3 deaths. Real-time genomics were essential for establishing links between cases when epidemiologic data could not do so and for identifying when concurrent outbreaks had different origins.
Clinical efficacy of an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in patients undergoing robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy

Objective To evaluate the application of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP). Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 136 patients who underwent RALP between August 2017 and June 2018 as the control group and a prospective analysis of 106 patients who underwent RALP between January 2019 and January 2020 as the ERAS group. ERAS focused on preoperative education, nutritional intervention, electrolyte solution intake, restrictive fluid infusion, body warming, no indwelling central venous catheter, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), early mobilization, and eating recovery. Results The times from RALP to the first intake of clear liquid; first ambulation; first defecation; first fluid, semi-liquid, and general diet; drain removal; and length of hospital stay (LOS) were significantly shorter, and operative time, fluid infusion within 24 hours, postoperative day (POD) 1 albumin, POD 1 hemoglobin, and POD 2 drainage were significantly higher in the ERAS group. Five patients (3.8%) in the ERAS group developed postoperative complications (urine leakage, n = 4; intestinal obstruction, n = 1), while 1 patient (0.7%) in the control group developed intestinal obstruction. Conclusions ERAS effectively accelerated patient rehabilitation and reduced the LOS for patients undergoing RALP.
Identification of JAK2 and FOXM1 expression as novel candidate biomarkers for predicting the benefit of immunotherapy in lung squamous cell carcinoma

Background Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) accounts for about 30% of all non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). However, only a small percentage of LUSC patients gain benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Methods This study analyzed LUSC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), which were divided into 2 groups: PD-L1 high-expression/TMB-high (TPH) and PD-L1 low-expression/TMB-low (TPL) group based on programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and tumor mutational burden (TMB) status. The differences in tumor-infiltrating immune cells were estimated between the 2 groups. The overlap of differentially expressed genes and proteins (DEGs and DEPs) between 2 groups were used as candidate biomarkers. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to evaluate the association between risk score and overall survival (OS). Results More abundant immune infiltration fractions were found in TPH group. Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) were identified as DEGs between the TPH and TPL groups. Subsequently, we developed a risk score that combined the expression of JAK2 and FOXM1 in an effort to accurately determine the survival risk of LUSC patients. Patients with high-risk [hazard ratio (HR), median OS, 43.1 months 1.924; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.256 to 2.945; P=0.002) had shorter survival than those with low-risk (median OS, 70.0 months). External data verification found that JAK2 and FOXM1 were significantly expressed at a higher level in the responders receiving immunotherapy (P=0.038 and P=0.009, respectively). Conclusions The expressions of JAK2 and FOXM1 can be used as novel candidate biomarkers for predicting the benefit of immunotherapy in LUSC.
On the local $M$-derivative

We introduce a new fractional derivative that generalizes the so-called alternative fractional derivative recently proposed by Katugampola. We denote this new differential operator by $\mathscr{D}_{M}^{\alpha,\beta }$, where the parameter $\alpha$, associated with the order, is such that $0 0$ and $M$ is used to denote that the function to be derived involves a Mittag-Leffler function with one parameter. This new derivative satisfies some properties of integer-order calculus, e.g.\ linearity, product rule, quotient rule, function composition and the chain rule. Besides as in the case of the Caputo derivative, the derivative of a constant is zero. Because Mittag-Leffler function is a natural generalization of the exponential function, we can extend some of the classical results of integer-order calculus, namely: Rolle's theorem, the mean value theorem and its extension. Further, when the order of the derivative is $\alpha=1$ and the parameter of the Mittag-Leffler function is also unitary, our definition is equivalent to the definition of the ordinary derivative of order one. Finally, we present the corresponding fractional integral from which, as a natural consequence, new results emerge which can be interpreted as applications. Specifically, we generalize the inversion property of the fundamental theorem of calculus and prove a theorem associated with the classical integration by parts.
Stratified randomization for platform trials with differing experimental arm eligibility

Background: Platform trials facilitate efficient use of resources by comparing multiple experimental agents to a common standard of care arm. They can accommodate a changing scientific paradigm within a single trial protocol by adding or dropping experimental arms—critical features for trials in rapidly developing disease areas such as COVID-19 or cancer therapeutics. However, in these trials, efficacy and safety issues may render certain participant subgroups ineligible to some experimental arms, and methods for stratified randomization do not readily apply to this setting. Methods: We propose extensions for conventional methods of stratified randomization for platform trials whose experimental arms may differ in eligibility criteria. These methods balance on a prespecified set of stratification variables observable prior to arm assignment that remains the same across experimental arms. To do so, we suggest modifying block randomization by including experimental arm eligibility as a stratifying variable, and we suggest modifying the imbalance score calculation in dynamic balancing by performing pairwise comparisons between each eligible experimental arm and standard of care arm participants eligible to that experimental arm. Results: We provide worked examples to illustrate the proposed extensions. In addition, we also provide a formula to quantify the relative efficiency loss of platform trials with varying eligibility compared with trials with non-varying eligibility as measured by the size of the common standard of care arm. Conclusions: This article presents important extensions to conventional methods for stratified randomization in order to facilitate the implementation of platform trials with differing experimental arm eligibility.
Effects of employing primary care doctors in hospital to improve the quality of care and health outcomes of rural patients: A systematic scoping review.

OBJECTIVE To describe effects of employing primary care doctors in hospital care and their roles in improving the quality of care and health outcomes of rural and remote patients. DESIGN A systematic scoping review. SETTING Peer-reviewed publications were sourced from 3 online journal databases (PUBMED, SCOPUS and Web of Science). PARTICIPANTS All study designs from peer-reviewed journals that discussed effects of employing primary care doctors in hospital care Interventions: employing primary care doctors in hospital care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Positive and negative consequences of employing primary care doctors in hospital care, and the roles of primary care doctors in improving the quality of care and health outcomes. RESULTS A total of 12 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Positive outcomes included improved access to specialised treatment, improved continuity of care, reduced waiting list and admission rates, improved skills, competence and confidence of primary care doctors, and increased satisfaction from both health providers and patients/families. Negative consequences reported included increased prescriptions and poorly documented history and physical examinations. CONCLUSION Employing primary care doctors in hospital care can fill the gaps in the delivery of acute care, emergency medicine and maternity care. Primary care doctors bring advanced clinical skills and a patient-centred approach to the hospital care. They also improve the quality of referrals leading to freed-up clinical capacity of tertiary hospitals to treat more serious conditions. The provision of acute or emergency care and secondary care in rural and remote areas should be directed towards patient-oriented not provider-oriented policies.
Developing Cutoff Scores for the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) in Justice-Involved and Community Samples

ABSTRACT Objective: The recent addition of the callous-unemotional (CU) traits specifier, “with Limited Prosocial Emotions (LPE),” to major classification systems has prompted the need for assessment tools that aid in the identification of elevations on these traits for diagnostic purposes. The goal of the current study was to use and evaluate multiple methods for establishing cutoff scores for the multi-informant questionnaire, the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU). Method: The present study compared the clinical utility of various proposed cutoff methods and scores (i.e., empirically derived cutoffs using receiver operating characteristic (ROC), normative cutoffs, and rational scoring approximations of LPE criteria) in both a longitudinal sample of justice-involved male adolescents (N = 1,216; M age = 15.29, SD = 1.29) and a cross-sectional sample of school children (N = 289; M age = 11.47 years; SD = 2.26). Results: Methods resulted in a range of cutoff scores with substantial diagnostic overlap and validity. Specifically, they designated justice-involved adolescents at risk for later delinquency, aggression, and rearrests, and they designated school children more likely to be rated by parents and teacher as having conduct problems and rated by peers as being rejected and mean. Conclusions: The results lead to ranges of ICU scores that have support for their validity and can help to guide clinical decisions about children and adolescents who may be elevated on CU traits.
An extensive review: How starch and gluten impact dough machinability and resultant bread qualities

Abstract Wheat flour can form dough with a three-dimensional viscoelastic structure that is responsible for gas holding during fermentation and oven-rise, creating a typical fixed, open-cell foam structure of bread after baking. As the major components of dough, the continuous reticular skeleton formed by gluten proteins and the concentrated starch granules entrapped in gluten matrix predominantly determine dough rheological behaviors and bread qualities. This review surveys the latest literatures and draws out a conclusion from a plethora of information related to the filling effects of starch granules on gluten matrix and the cross-linking mechanisms between gluten proteins and starch granules, which is of great significance to provide sufficient scientific knowledge for development of bread with satisfactory attributes and quality control of end products.
Dysregulation of the epithelial barrier by environmental and other exogenous factors

The “epithelial barrier hypothesis” proposes that the exposure to various epithelial barrier–damaging agents linked to industrialization and urbanization underlies the increase in allergic diseases. The epithelial barrier constitutes the first line of physical, chemical, and immunological defense against environmental factors. Recent reports have shown that industrial products disrupt the epithelial barriers. Innate and adaptive immune responses play an important role in epithelial barrier damage. In addition, recent studies suggest that epithelial barrier dysfunction plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of the atopic march by allergen sensitization through the transcutaneous route. It is evident that external factors interact with the immune system, triggering a cascade of complex reactions that damage the epithelial barrier. Epigenetic and microbiome changes modulate the integrity of the epithelial barrier. Robust and simple measurements of the skin barrier dysfunction at the point‐of‐care are of significant value as a biomarker, as recently reported using electrical impedance spectroscopy to directly measure barrier defects. Understanding epithelial barrier dysfunction and its mechanism is key to developing novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize recent studies on the pathophysiological mechanisms triggered by environmental factors that contribute to the dysregulation of epithelial barrier function.
Order Matters: The Benefits of Ordinal Fragility Curves for Damage and Loss Estimation

Probabilistic loss assessments from natural hazards require the quantification of structural vulnerability. Building damage data can be used to estimate fragility curves to obtain realistic descriptions of the relationship between a hazard intensity measure and the probability of exceeding certain damage grades. Fragility curves based on the lognormal cumulative distribution function are popular because of their empirical performance as well as theoretical properties. When we are interested in estimating exceedance probabilities for multiple damage grades, these are usually derived per damage grade via separate probit regressions. However, they can also be obtained simultaneously through an ordinal model which treats the damage grades as ordered and related instead of nominal and distinct. When we use nominal models, a collapse fragility curve is constructed by treating data of “near‐collapse” and “no damage” the same: as data of noncollapse. This leads to a loss of information. Using synthetic data as well as real‐life data from the 2015 Nepal earthquake, we provide one of the first formal demonstrations of multiple advantages of the ordinal model over the nominal approach. We show that modeling the ordering of damage grades explicitly through an ordinal model leads to higher sensitivity to the data, parsimony and a lower risk of overfitting, noncrossing fragility curves, and lower associated uncertainty.
The Influence of Perceptual-Motor Variability on the Perception of Action Boundaries for Reaching in a Real-World Setting

The ability to accurately perceive the extent over which one can act is requisite for the successful execution of visually guided actions. Yet, like other outcomes of perceptual-motor experience, our perceived action boundaries are not stagnant, but in constant flux. Hence, the perceptual systems must account for variability in one’s action capabilities in order for the perceiver to determine when they are capable of successfully performing an action. Recent work has found that, after reaching with a virtual arm that varied between short and long each time they reach, individuals determined their perceived action boundaries using the most liberal reaching experience. However, these studies were conducted in virtual reality, and the perceptual systems may handle variability differently in a real-world setting. To test this hypothesis, we created a modified orthopedic elbow brace that mimics injury in the upper limb by restricting elbow extension via remote control. Participants were asked to make reachability judgments after training in which the maximum extent of their reaching ability was either unconstricted, constricted or variable over several calibration trials. Findings from the current study did not conform to those in virtual reality; participants were more conservative with their reachability estimates after experiencing variability in a real-world setting.
ImGo: A Novel Tool for Behavioral Impulsivity Assessment Based on Go/NoGo Tasks

This manuscript aims to present a novel behavioral impulsivity test ImGo, which is suitable for impulsivity assessment in the general population. A series of three studies was conducted to validate its psychometric qualities. In Study 1 we describe the principles of ImGo and verify its test-retest and split-half reliability and its convergent validity with an impulsivity self-report scale and Stop Signal test. In Study 2 we re-analyze the convergent validity of ImGo with a Stop Signal test and examine the potential relationship between ImGo and oculomotor inhibition measured by an Anti-Saccades test. In Study 3 we present a robust research with a large sample size and investigate the discriminant validity of ImGo with tests of other related cognitive and executive processes. Backed by our findings from these studies we can safely claim ImGo is a powerful tool with a good level of reliability (both test-retest and split-half) and validity (convergent and discriminant). Its potential lies in its use in diagnostic and research practice of experts from various countries as the test has already been translated to 9 languages so far. The open-source Hypothesis platform, on which the ImGo test is running, provides the option of both individual and group testing in laboratory conditions as well as remotely through an internet browser.
Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) to Enhance Participation of Racial/Ethnic Minorities in Clinical Trials: A 10-Year Systematic Review

ABSTRACT There has not been a significant improvement in the rate of clinical trial accrual in more than 20 years. Worse, the challenge of inadequate representation among racial and ethnic minorities also persists, deepening disparities in health. Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) is a participatory communication method that centers on effective dialogue between researchers and community stakeholders with the goal of creating an equitable partnership for health and social change. The objective of the current study was to provide an update since a systematic review in 2012, on the current status of the empirical research, with a particular focus on the elements of CBPR methods used to improve the rate of accrual of members of racial and ethnic minority communities for clinical trials. Our systematic review found a large increase in the number of CBPR related studies and studies related to racial and ethnic representation in research. More than 85% of studies employing CBPR methods saw statistically positive outcomes. Specifically, the elements of CBPR that are associated with these positive outcomes include community partner participation in (1) a study advisory committee, (2) data collection, (3) the development of interventions, and (4) participant recruitment. However, the results of our study indicate that researchers need to be more transparent about the extent of community participation as well as more thoroughly and accurately describe the nature of the partnership with members of minority communities in order to build upon the scientific literature on community-engaged methods.
An assessment of geographical access and factors influencing travel time to emergency obstetric care in the urban state of Lagos, Nigeria

Abstract Previous efforts to estimate the travel time to comprehensive emergency obstetric care (CEmOC) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have either been based on spatial models or self-reported travel time, both with known inaccuracies. The study objectives were to estimate more realistic travel times for pregnant women in emergency situations using Google Maps, determine system-level factors that influence travel time and use these estimates to assess CEmOC geographical accessibility and coverage in Lagos state, Nigeria. Data on demographics, obstetric history and travel to CEmOC facilities of pregnant women with an obstetric emergency, who presented between 1st November 2018 and 31st December 2019 at a public CEmOC facility were collected from hospital records. Estimated travel times were individually extracted from Google Maps for the period of the day of travel. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to test associations between travel and health system-related factors with reaching the facility >60 minutes. Mean travel times were compared and geographical coverage mapped to identify ‘hotspots’ of predominantly >60 minutes travel to facilities. For the 4005 pregnant women with traceable journeys, travel time ranges were 2–240 minutes (without referral) and 7–320 minutes (with referral). Total travel time was within the 60 and 120 minute benchmark for 80 and 96% of women, respectively. The period of the day of travel and having been referred were significantly associated with travelling >60 minutes. Many pregnant women living in the central cities and remote towns typically travelled to CEmOC facilities around them. We identified four hotspots from which pregnant women travelled >60 minutes to facilities. Mean travel time and distance to reach tertiary referral hospitals were significantly higher than the secondary facilities. Our findings suggest that actions taken to address gaps need to be contextualized. Our approach provides a useful guide for stakeholders seeking to comprehensively explore geographical inequities in CEmOC access within urban/peri-urban LMIC settings.