Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of agricultural system, stand structural complexity and landscape context on foraging birds in oil palm landscapes

Functional diversity, an important element of avian biodiversity, can be examined by quantifying foraging guild composition. Understanding the ecological processes that underpin functional diversity of birds in oil palm Elaeis guineensis landscapes is important because different foraging guilds are likely to be influenced in different ways by land use practices. We surveyed birds at 55 sites within oil palm landscapes and at 20 sites within logged peat swamp forest, recording 208 species belonging to 19 foraging guilds. Oil palm landscapes supported a lower abundance of insectivorous, granivorous and omnivorous birds than did logged peat swamp forest despite the latter being severely degraded due to intensive timber extraction. However, abundances of other groups of foraging birds, such as raptors and wetland taxa, were higher in oil palm landscapes than logged peat swamp forest. Frugivorous species were more abundant in smallholdings than plantation estates, probably because of the presence of native trees. Foraging guild diversity was explained by stand-level attributes such as stand age, vegetation cover, epiphyte persistence and canopy cover. However, each foraging guild exhibited unique responses to different oil palm management regimes and stand-level attributes. Only arboreal omnivores and terrestrial frugivores were affected by the proximity of nearby natural forest. This diversity of responses implies that the occurrence of particular avian foraging guilds may not be a suitable ecological indicator of best-practice palm oil production. Our study also suggests that multiple conservation measures will be needed in oil palm landscapes irrespective of management regimes, including: (1) the maintenance of ground layer vegetation cover; (2) the pruning of oil palm canopy to permit light penetration to the ground layer; (3) re-vegetation of parts of oil palm landscapes with native trees; and (4) retention of natural and/or secondary forest patches within the boundaries of plantations.
Soil contamination by Taenia solium egg DNA in rural villages in Kongwa district, Tanzania

ABSTRACT The presence ofTaenia solium DNA from eggs in soils around the households in four Tanzanian villages in Kongwa district were analysed in relation to seasonal fluctuations and infection risk implications. A total of 192 pooled soil samples from five sampling points per household were examined by droplet digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (ddPCR) from 96 pig-keeping households both during the dry and rainy seasons. The pooled samples were first processed by a flotation-double sieving technique, followed by screening for worm DNA employing universal primers targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene of human taeniid species and some other helminths. All DNA positive samples were later confirmed by a specific ddPCR probe assay targeting the mitochondrial cox1 gene of T. solium. A total of 17.2% (n = 33) samples were positive with the universal ddPCR, whereas T. solium DNA was confirmed by the specific ddPCR only in 3.1% (n = 3) of the surveyed households. The detection of T. solium DNA in this study spells out a low risk of exposure to T. solium eggs from contaminated household soil. Based on our results, ddPCR seems to be a promising technology for screening T. solium eggs in soil. Graphical Abstract
Neoliberal motherhood during the pandemic: Some reflections

In this article, I argue that there are at least three essential elements that inform the idealized mother figure today and I reflect upon the effects the COVID-19 pandemic has on each of these elements. The three essential elements in the contemporary understanding of motherhood reflect neoliberal concerns and are related to mothers’ unpaid work, the female body and mothers’ participation in the labour market. These three elements have been distilled with the help of secondary literature and are based on initial observations and interview results that had been conducted as part of an ongoing research project on contemporary motherhood practices of upper-middle-class mothers from Switzerland, Turkey and Germany. Consequently, the focus in this article lies on upper-class and upper-middle-class women. In contrast to optimistic visions that envision the end of neoliberalism, I argue that the neoliberal understanding of motherhood is likely to persist and to re-emerge as the dominant model of motherhood in the wake of the pandemic.
Morphological variability in Echinorhynchus gadi, E. leidyi, and E. salmonis (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from fishes in northern Canadian waters

Morphological variability of Echinorhynchus gadi, E. leidyi, and E. salmonis was evaluated from 30 collection sites in northern Canada. Nine new hosts were recorded. Mixed infections with the three species, in addition to their high morphological variability, made the identification of Echinorhynchus spp. from northern waters unreliable in the absence of information on morphological variability from local and geographically distant populations. Worm age, host species, and geographic location contributed to the variability of several taxonomically important characters: proboscis size and shape, hook size and number, body shape, and egg size. These characters had considerably greater variability and interspecific overlap in ranges than previously reported. Identifications were most reliable when based on gravid females. Individual males and immature females could generally be identified, with about 90% or greater reliability, using a multivariate comparison of proboscis measurements to a data set based on g.
Business Models’ Innovations to Overcome Hybridity-Related Tensions in Sustainable Entrepreneurship

This paper aims to investigate how sustainable entrepreneurs innovate in business models to overcome their hybridity-related tensions to achieve environmental, social, and financial goals. A case study was conducted on 12 organizations in seven countries from October 2018 to June 2019 through observation visits, interviews, and secondary data collection. To analyze the data, a content analysis was applied with the help of NVivo Software. The analysis category is based on the definition of the pillars of business models: (1) Value proposition, (2) value creation/delivery, and (3) value capture. Concerning value proposition, organizations engage various stakeholders on developing emotions related to sustainable behaviors. They use the idea of community to promote it, fostering the sharing of intangible values. Associated with these actions, organizations offer more convenience accessing these products or services, home deliveries, facilitating access by geo-location, price reduction, and promoting consumers’ education. Regarding value creation/delivery, companies promote partnerships with other stakeholders as part of the main business strategy. They run the business while promoting a social movement. One is dependent on the other. In their engagement in sustainability discussion forums and practical activities, they put together consumers, suppliers, and also other agents outside their vertical supply chain. Operations of all companies are highly internet-based. Social media and transparency are also relevant to their operations. The main characteristic of value capture is that organizations integrate sustainability into their strategy in a way that, just by doing business, they fulfill their social, environmental, and economic missions. Therefore, through innovation in business models, these organizations overcome hybridity-related tensions and achieve financial stability while positively impacting society. The contribution to the literature was achieved by identifying business model innovations in sustainable entrepreneurship, analyzing their characteristics and mechanisms to overcome hybridity-related tensions, and providing empirical evidence about how business models can create and capture different and multiple forms of value.
In vitro susceptibility of the Gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori to extracts of Iranian medicinal plants

The susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to methanol extracts of 12 Iranian medicinal plants used in folk medicine for the treatment of gastric ailments including peptic ulcers disease was screened against one metronidazole-sensitive and one-metronidazole resistant strain of H. pylori using the disk diffusion method. Active extracts (zone of inhibition ≥15 mm) were then re-assayed to obtain the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against 12 clinical isolates of H. pylori by using the agar dilution method. Extracts of the aerial part of Artemisia dracunculus L. (Compositae) and Teucrium polium L. (Lamiaceae), leaves of Salvia mirzayanii Rech. & Esfand. (Lamiaceae) and Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae), flowers of Zataria multiflora Boiss. (Lamiaceae), fruits of Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch. (Apiaceae), Carum carvi L. (Apiaceae), Heracleum persicum Desf. ex Fischer (Apiaceae), Pimpinella anisum L. (Apiaceae), Trachyspermum copticum (L.) Link (Apiaceae) and Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae), and seeds of Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae) were evaluated in the study. Among them, S. mirzayanii had the strongest activity against H. pylori, with a MIC of 32 μg/mL.
A Mitochondrial DNA Perspective on the Molecular Systematics of the Sunfish Genus Lepomis (Actinopterygii: Centrarchidae)

Abstract Complete mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene sequences from 56 specimens representing all 12 species of Lepomis were used to examine phylogenetic relationships within the genus. Results supported the monophyly of Lepomis and all previously recognized subgenera, except Eupomotis, but there was no support for previously proposed relationships among subgenera. Seven species were recovered as monophyletic lineages, while five species (L. auritus, L. macrochirus, L. marginatus, L. miniatus, and L. symmetricus) were recovered as either poly- or paraphyletic or were placed as parts of unresolved polytomies with other species. Parametric bootstrapping tests rejected monophyly for only two of the five species (L. auritus and L. symmetricus). Without additional data, including increased geographic sampling and a comparable nuclear gene phylogeny, it is not possible to determine whether the failure to support monophyly for these two species reflects the presence of cryptic species or results from hybridization.
Industrial Ceramic Blocks for Buildings: Clay Characterization and Drying Experimental Study

The conformation of a ceramic piece follows the steps of preparing the raw material, molding, lamination, drying, and firing. Drying is a thermodynamic process of heat and mass transfer, with dimensional variations of the product that requires a large amount of energy. Ceramic materials when exposed to non-uniform drying may suffer cracks and deformations, reducing their post-drying quality. Thus, this work aimed to study the drying of industrial ceramic blocks in an oven with forced air circulation. Experiments were carried out to characterize the clay and drying of the ceramic block at temperatures ranging from 50 °C to 100 °C. Results of the chemical, mineralogical, granulometric, differential thermal, and thermogravimetric analysis of the clay, and heating kinetics, mass loss, and dimensional variation of the industrial ceramic block are presented and analyzed in detail. It was found that the clay is basically composed of silica and alumina (≈ 80.96%), with an average particle diameter of 13.36 μm. The study proved that drying at high temperature and low relative humidity of the air generates high rates of mass loss, heating, and volumetric shrinkage in the ceramic product, and high thermo-hydraulic stresses, which cause the appearance and propagation of cracks, gaps, and cleavages, compromising the final quality of the product.
RE-DESCRIPTION OF THE POSTCRANIAL SKELETON OF THE MIDDLE JURASSIC STEGOSAUR HUAYANGOSAURUS TAIBAII

Abstract Previous descriptions of the postcranial skeleton of the primitive stegosaur Huayangosaurus taibaii (Middle Jurassic: People's Republic of China) are insufficient for character determinations in cladistic analysis. Reexamination of the postcranium has revealed several important characters, most of which are retained plesiomorphies that have not been identified previously. For example, Huayangosaurus retains ossified tendons, the loss of which has been used as a synapomorphy of Stegosauria. These purported stegosaurian synapomorphies now serve to unite the monophyletic clade Stegosauridae, defined as all stegosaurs more closely related to Stegosaurus than to Huayangosaurus. In addition, some anatomical characters previously used as ‘ankylosauromorph’ synapomorphies have now been identified in Huayangosaurus: this suggests that these characters occur more basally within Thyreophora. The plesiomorphic status of Huayangosaurus suggests that substantial convergence between ankylosaurs and stegosaurs occurred during their respective evolutionary histories, reflecting coincident functional morphological changes associated with the adoption of obligate quadrupedality.
The voluntary intake and digestibility of oat straw by pregnant beef cows as influenced by urea and phosphorus supplementation contained in molassed sugar-beet pulp

SUMMARY Pregnant beef heifers allowed ad libitum access to oat straw were given 2·7 kg molassed sugar-beet pulp alone or with additional dicalcium phosphate or urea or a combination of both materials in a Latin square design involving four feeding periods each of 21 days. Supplementation with urea to increase the total daily intake of digestible crude protein from about 130 to 290 g/day increased straw consumption by 20%. This increased the total intake of metabolizable energy from about 13 to 15 Meal/day. Increasing the total intake of phosphorus from about 6 to about 17 g P/day did not increase straw intake or digestibility or the total intake of metabolizable energy in either the presence or absence of additional urea. Supplementation with urea increased the concentration of urea and glucose in the blood plasma and the concentration of ammonia in the rumen liquor, but did not increase the concentrations or alter the proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids. Addition of urea tended to increase the digestibility of the dry matter and crude fibre of the straw. Phosphorus supplementation increased the concentration of phosphorus in the blood plasma.
Secondary Market Frictions and Real Firm Activity

This article shows that secondary market structure and trading activity impact real firm activity. Using the staggered implementation of TRACE, we show that market transparency improvements lead to increased investment and show that greater illiquidity is associated with lower levels of investment. We also document two channels through which secondary markets impact real firm activity, access to and cost of capital. Specifically, we show that TRACE listing increases public bond issuance, decreases bank borrowing and equity issuances, and that higher illiquidity raises borrowing costs. Collectively, our findings provide a direct link between secondary market activity and the real economy.
Pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma: a literature review

Pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma (PEAC) is an extremely rare type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a histologic pattern that mimics metastatic colorectal cancer (MCC). The main clinical symptoms in PEAC patients are dyspnoea, coughing, hemoptysis, and chest and back pain. The first article about PEAC appeared in 1991 in the form of a case report. As a variant of invasive lung carcinoma, only a small number of case reports and clinical research studies have been carried out, and the only one guidance on diagnosis and treatment is the WHO Tumor Classification book. It is important for doctors to distinguish PEAC from MCC to extend survival time and improve the quality of life. We reviewed the existing literature regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of PEAC to provide some valuable clinical references.
CHECKLIST OF THE HERPETOFAUNA OF THE SERIBUAT ARCHIPELAGO, WEST MALAYSIA WITH COMMENTS ON BIOGEOGRAPHY, NATURAL HISTORY, AND ADAPTIVE TYPES

The Seribuat Archipelago is an environmentally complex group of 62 islands which lie off the southeast coast of Peninsular Malaysia in the South China Sea. Its herpetofauna, which is documented herein for the first time, contains 23 species of frogs, one species of non-marine turtle, 43 species of lizards, 44 species of non-marine snakes, and represents a diverse array of adaptive types. Of these, one frog, 11 lizards and four snakes are endemic. The majority of the herpetofauna, including 14 of the 16 endemics, occurs in the outermost arc of islands which are the oldest, largest, and most environmentally diverse. Some of the species in this Outer Arc are more closely related to species from Sumatra, Java, and/or Borneo than they are to species from peninsular Malaysia, suggesting they had a vicariant origin.
Historical biogeography and post‐glacial recolonization of South American temperate rain forest by the relictual marsupial Dromiciops gliroides

Aim Long‐term climatic variation has generated historical expansions and contractions of species ranges, with accompanying fragmentation and population bottlenecks, which are evidenced by spatial variation in genetic structure of populations. We examine here hypotheses concerning dispersal and vicariance in response to historical geoclimatic change and potential isolation produced by mountains and water barriers.
Short communication. Influence of micronutrients on biological nitrogen fixation in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under greenhouse hydroponic culture conditions

Several microelements (Mo, Cu, Zn, Mn, B) had some degree of influence on nodule dry weight, plant dry weightand nitrogen content of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Canellini inoculated with Rhizobium tropici CIAT899 under greenhousehydroponic culture conditions. Nodule number was not significantly affected. The absence of boron producedthe highest degree of inhibition. The absence of microelements affected uptake and assimilation of mineral nitrogento a lesser extent than biological nitrogen fixation. A similar effect of microelements was observed on Phaseolus vulgaris(cvs. Canellini and Mutin)/Rhizobium etli ISP23 symbiosis.
COVID-19 no município do Rio de Janeiro: análise espacial da ocorrência dos primeiros casos e óbitos confirmados

OBJECTIVE: to describe the spatial distribution of the first confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths in Rio de Janeiro METHODS: this was an ecological study of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases and deaths between March 6thand April 10th, 2020 Incidence, mortality, lethality, excess risk and global and local Moran rates were calculated RESULTS: 1,808 confirmed cases and 92 confirmed deaths were recorded The COVID-19 incidence rate was 26 8/100,000 inhab , the mortality rate was 1 36/100,000 inhab and lethality rate 5% The incidence rate in eight neighborhoods was 4-12 times higher than the overall rate for the municipality: Joa, in the city's Western Zone;Cosme Velho, Gavea, Ipanema, Jardim Botânico, Lagoa, Leblon and Sao Conrado, in its Southern Zone CONCLUSION: high risk of COVID-19 infection and deaths was found in neighborhoods in the Southern Zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro Neighborhoods in the Northern Zone of the city also stand out in relation to high risk of death
On two new species of the cestode genus Oochoristica from Lizards

The cestodes of lizards have received little recent attention from systematic zoologists. Those inhabiting snakes are much better known than they were a few years ago, thanks to the researches of La Rue (1914) and of Rudin (1917). The cestodes of snakes almost all belong to the family Ichthyotaeniidae (genera Crepidobothrium, Ophiotaenia, Acanthotaenia). Among the lizards also, several species of Acanthotaenia occur in the Monitors (Varanus), and one is recorded in Lialis, one of the Pygopodidae. The Monitors are also the hosts of a remarkable genus of quite a different type—Duthiersia—our knowledge of which has recently been brought up to date by Beddard (1917), and of another genus—Pancerina—of an equally distinct type.
Sustainability and Private Wealth Investment Flows

In this paper we examine whether sustainability characteristics of stocks and bonds affect asset allocations of wealthy retail investors. Using a large proprietary dataset of a private bank with monthly investment holdings of European private wealth investors, we document significantly larger investment flows into assets with a high sustainability rating compared to those with a low sustainability rating. We further find that investors react to changes in sustainability ratings of their portfolio assets by rebalancing their portfolios towards assets with higher sustainability ratings. Exploiting a quasi-natural experiment and an event study design our study documents a plausibly causal relationship between assets' sustainability ratings and retail investors' investment flows.
Evaluation of beef cattle genotypes and estimation of direct and maternal genetic effects in a tropical environment. 1. Growth traits

Data from a crossbreeding experiment conducted during 1992-97 involving 31 genotypes from tropically adapted British (B), Sanga-derived (S), Zebu cross (Zx), Zebu (Z), and Continental (C) beef cattle breed groups were analysed to compare least-squares means, direct and maternal genetic effects, and heterosis estimates for birthweight, weaning weight, yearling weight, final weight (18 months), and pre- and post-weaning average daily gain (ADG). The genotypes were regrouped as Bos taurus (B, S, C)- and Bos indicus (Z, Zx)-derived groups to enable the comparison of direct (dD) and maternal (mD) dominance effects among indicine (II), taurine-indicine (TI), and taurine (TT) crosses. Genotype, contemporary group (year of birth, season of birth, and age of the dam), sex, and genotype × sex interactions were significant (P < 0.01) sources of variation for all the traits. Treatment to control parasites significantly (P < 0.01) affected post-weaning growth traits. In general, crossbred calves performed better than purebred calves. Z dam breeds resulted in lower birthweight, and Z sire breeds and S dam breeds resulted in heavier birthweights. For traits after birth, ZC and ZC crosses with S and Z showed heavier weights and higher gains. Prior to weaning, males weighed significantly more and gained weight at a faster rate than females in most of the crossbreds. Weight gain was relatively low between weaning and yearling age. Direct and maternal additive effects were estimated as a deviation from the British breed group mean for various traits. Direct additive effects of C, Z, and S were high and significantly different from the British mean for all the growth traits. Maternal additive effects of C were low and not significantly different from the British mean. Large negative maternal additive effects of Z and Zx caused lower birthweights of calves from Z and Zx dams. A decrease of maternal additive effect from weaning to final weight and pre-weaning to post-weaning ADG was noticed. The magnitude of dD effects was higher in TI crosses than in II crosses for all the traits except for birthweight, indicating the advantage of Bos taurus × Bos indicus crosses. In TT crosses, dD was only significant for weaning weight (P < 0.01) and pre-weaning ADG (P < 0.05). Significant (P < 0.01) and positive mD effects observed in TI crosses indicated a better maternal environment provided by crossbred dams. High correlation coefficient estimates (0.92-0.99) between least-squares means and predicted means, observed for a set of F1 genotypes, indicated the prediction of performance of untested genotypes with reasonable accuracy. The percentage heterosis estimates were higher in Zebu × British breed crosses. AR Eva tl p K. C. P