Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oil Prices, Monetary Policy and Inflation Surges

We develop a simple quantitative New Keynesian model aimed at accounting for the recent sudden and persistent rise in inflation, with emphasis on the role of oil shocks and accommodative monetary policy. The model features oil as a complementary good for households and as a complementary input for firms. It also allows for unemployment and real wage rigidity. We estimate the key parameters by matching model impulse responses to those from identified money and oil shocks in a structural VAR. We then show that our model does a good job of explaining unemployment and inflation since 2010, including the recent inflation surge that began in mid 2021. We show that mainly accounting for this surge was a combination oil price shocks and “easy” monetary policy, even after allowing for demand shocks and shocks to labor market tightness. Important for the quantitative impact of the oil price shock is a low elasticity of substitution between oil and labor, which we estimate to be the case.
A simple frequency weighted model reduction using structurally balanced truncation: Existence of solutions

This paper examines weighted model reduction using structurally balanced truncation. For a given weighted (single or double-sided) transfer function, a state space realization with the linear fractional transformation form is obtained. Then we prove that two block diagonal LMI (linear matrix inequality) solutions always exist and it is possible to get a reduced order model with guaranteed stability and a priori error bound. Finally, two examples are used to show the validity of proposed weighted reduction method, and the method is compared with other existing methods.
Seasonal Prediction of Thermal Stress Accumulation for Coral Bleaching in the Tropical Oceans

Abstract Mass coral bleaching, associated with anomalously warm ocean temperatures over large regions, poses a serious threat to the future health of the world coral reef systems. Seasonal forecasts from coupled ocean–atmosphere models can be a valuable resource for reef management, providing early warning of potential bleaching conditions, allowing for a proactive management response. Here, the ability of a dynamical seasonal forecast model (Predictive Ocean Atmosphere Model for Australia, POAMA) to forecast degree heating months (DHMs) in the tropical oceans is assessed, with particular focus on the 1997/98 El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and associated global bleaching events. The model exhibits useful skill in forecasting sea surface temperatures (SSTs) across the tropical oceans for 1982–2006 and reproduced both the magnitude and distribution of DHM values observed during the 1997/98 ENSO event. In general, observed teleconnections between ENSO indices and tropical SST at various lags are well ca.
Deconvolution estimation of a mixture distribution with boundary effects motivated by mutation effect distribution

MIHEE LEE: Deconvolution Estimation of a Mixture Distribution with Boundary Effects Motivated by Mutation Effect Distribution. (Under the direction of J. S. Marron and Haipeng Shen.) Density estimation in measurement error models has been widely studied. However, most existing methods consider only continuous target variables, hence they cannot be applied directly to many real problems. Motivated by an evolutionary biology study, we consider more general cases: the target distribution is a mixture of a continuous component and finite numbers of pointmasses, which can cover most of practical problems. In this dissertation, we approach the estimation of the distribution in three different ways under the framework of measurement error models. Our first proposal is of the Fourier type, which is obtained by generalizing Liu and Taylor (1989). The proposed estimator has a closed form, and gives continuous and smooth density estimators for the continuous mixture component. In addition, its convergence rate is comparably fast. However, when the target distribution has non-smooth boundaries, it suffers from a strong boundary effect. This motivates us to to propose two other methods of the sieve type; one is based on maximum likelihood (ML), and the other uses least squares (LS). By easily reflecting the known boundary information, they remarkably reduce the boundary problems, which is another major contribution of this dissertation. Moreover, the use of penalization improves the smoothness of the resulting estimator, especially the ML based estimator, and reduces the estimation variance. For each estimator, some asymptotic properties are explored by mathematical computation, and finite sample performances are illustrated via simulation studies. In addition, the proposed estimators are applied to the virus lineage data in Burch et al. (2007), which originally motivates this study. In this application, we not only estimate the mutation effect distribution, but also visually validate the classical exponential assumption on the mutation
A Result Concerning Additive Mappings in Semiprime Rings

Abstract In this paper we prove the following result. Let R be a 2-torsion free semiprime ring and let f : R → R be an additive mapping satisfying the relation f(x)x2 + x2f(x) = 0 for all x ∈ R. In this case f = 0. Any semisimple Banach algebra (for example, C* algebra) is semiprime. Therefore this algebraic result might be of some interest from functional analysis point of view.
The Influence of Socioeconomic Status on the Choice of Patterns and Methods of Health Financing in Jambi Province

Healthcare financing plays role in improving the quality of health services, with an aim to examine the effect of family socioeconomic status on the patterns and methods of ability to purchase health services. A quantitative study with a survey approach used in this research that connects exogenous (family socioeconomic status) and endogenous variables (financing patterns and methods, ability to purchase health services), with total sample of 770 households. The technique used an accidental sampling in western and eastern regions of Jambi, with questionnaire instrument and analysis PLS-SEM’s second order. Based from this research, family socioeconomic status has a direct influence on the ability to purchase health services showing as the first hypothesis. The second hypothesis also proved direct influence on the ability to purchase health services. The third hypothesis was also proved like the first and second hypotheses. Methods of health financing mediated the correlation between family socioeconomic status and ability to purchase health services was accepted of fourth and fifth hypotheses. Therefore, the family’s socioeconomic status, patterns and methods of health financing have a direct influence on the ability to purchase health services. Meanwhile, there was an indirect effect of family socioeconomic status on the ability to purchase health services through health financing patterns and methods.
Facile Synthesis of Hydrogen-Substituted Graphdiyne Powder via Dehalogenative Homocoupling Reaction

Graphdiyne and its analogs are a series of artificial two-dimensional nanomaterials with sp hybridized carbon atoms, which can be viewed as the insertion of two acetylenic units between adjacent aromatic rings, evenly expanded on a flat surface. Although developed in recent years, new synthetic strategies for graphdiyne analogs are still required. This work proposed a new method to prepare hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne powder via a dehalogenative homocoupling reaction. The polymerization was unanticipated while the initial goal was to synthesize a γ-graphyne analog via Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction. Compared with previous synthetic strategies, the reaction time was conspicuously shortened and the Pd catalyst was inessential. The powder obtained exhibited a porous structure and high electrocatalytic activity in the hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction, which has the potential for application in electrochemical catalysis. The reported methodology provides an efficient synthetic strategy for large-scale preparation.
Fault Detection and Diagnosis in Grid-Connected PV Systems Under Irradiance Variations

Photovoltaic energy holds great promise. However, the energy output of photovoltaic systems is closely linked to solar irradiance. Monitoring irradiance variability is crucial for ensuring the stable operation and improved generation of these systems. Within the field of fault detection and diagnosis, researchers hold different perspectives on the impact of irradiance variability. To gain a deeper understanding of the dynamic model of photovoltaic systems under various operating conditions, this paper introduces the influence of irradiance variability and proposes an efficient fault detection and diagnosis method based on machine learning and deep learning techniques. This method accurately identifies the healthy and faulty operating states of photovoltaic systems and exhibits inspiring results in simulated data studies. The significance of this research lies in the incorporation of irradiance variability into photovoltaic system monitoring, as well as the realization of efficient fault detection and diagnosis through the utilization of machine learning and deep learning techniques. As a result, the stability and reliability of photovoltaic systems are enhanced, thereby fully harnessing the potential of photovoltaic energy as a renewable energy source.
MultifractalAnalysisof a Class of AdditiveProcesses with CorrelatedNon-StationaryIncrements

We consider a family of stochastic processes built from inflnite sums of independent positive random functions on R+. Each of these functions increases linearly between two consecutive negative jumps, with the jump points following a Poisson point process on R+. The motivation for studying these processes stems from the fact that they constitute simplifled models for TCP tra‐c on the Internet. Such
Synchronization of coupled neural networks with random coupling strengths and mixed probabilistic time‐varying delays

This paper investigates the global asymptotic synchronization in an array of coupled neural networks with random coupling strengths, probabilistic interval time‐varying coupling delays as well as unbounded distributed delays (mixed delays). Two important integral inequalities that include the Jensen's inequality as a special case are developed. On the basis of the developed inequalities, the properties of random variables and Lyapunov functional method, several delay‐dependent sufficient synchronization criteria are derived for the considered model. The derived synchronization criteria are formulated by linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and can be easily verified by using MATLAB LMI Toolbox. Some existing results are improved and extended by taking different values of parameters of the obtained results. Numerical simulations are finally given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
INFLUENCE OF PLASMA SHAPE ON TRANSPORT IN THE TCV TOKAMAK

The energy confinement time of TCV Ohmic, L-mode discharges is observed to depend strongly on the plasma shape, improving slightly with elongation and degrading strongly as triangularity is increased from zero to positive values. The thermal conductivity of these plasmas is found to be independent of the shape. This observation, combined with geometrical effects on the temperature gradient and a degradation with increasing input energy flux, can explain the observed variation in the energy confinement time.
A single-cell atlas reveals shared and distinct immune responses and metabolic profiles in SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1 infections

Introduction: Within the inflammatory immune response to viral infection, the distribution and cell type-specific profiles of immune cell populations and the immune-mediated viral clearance pathways vary according to the specific virus. Uncovering the immunological similarities and differences between viral infections is critical to understanding disease progression and developing effective vaccines and therapies. Insight into COVID-19 disease progression has been bolstered by the integration of single-cell (sc)RNA-seq data from COVID-19 patients with data from related viruses to compare immune responses. Expanding this concept, we propose that a high-resolution, systematic comparison between immune cells from SARS-CoV-2 infection and an inflammatory infectious disease with a different pathophysiology will provide a more comprehensive picture of the viral clearance pathways that underscore immunological and clinical differences between infections. Methods: Using a novel consensus single-cell annotation method, we integrate previously published scRNA-seq data from 111,566 single PBMCs from 7 COVID-19, 10 HIV-1+, and 3 healthy patients into a unified cellular atlas. We compare in detail the phenotypic features and regulatory pathways in the major immune cell clusters. Results: While immune cells in both COVID-19 and HIV-1+ cohorts show shared inflammation and disrupted mitochondrial function, COVID-19 patients exhibit stronger humoral immunity, broader IFN-I signaling, elevated Rho GTPase and mTOR pathway activity, and downregulated mitophagy. Discussion: Our results indicate that differential IFN-I signaling regulates the distinct immune responses in the two diseases, revealing insight into fundamental disease biology and potential therapeutic candidates.
A Small Surge in Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in the “Dynamic Zero” Period

To describe the epidemiological characteristics and transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant during “Dynamic Zero” period, we analyzed data on the 108 laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases during 14 to 30 May 2022 in Beichen district, Tianjin, China. We collected information on demographic characteristics, exposure history, and illness timelines of the 108 cases. We described characteristics of the patients and estimated the key epidemiological parameters, including serial interval and the time-dependent reproduction number of the Omicron variant, Rt. Among the 108 laboratory-confirmed patients, the median age was 38 years old, and 50.9% were females. Obvious symptoms were observed among 67.6% (73/108) of all cases, and major clinical manifestations included fever, sore throat, and cough, which occurred in 31.5%, 26.9%, and 19.4% of the 108 cases, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the SI were estimated as 2.89 and 0.95 days, the Rt varied from 1.24 to 0.27 for a 7-day timelapse. The low reproduction number and the Omicron outbreak being suppressed within a short time marked the effectiveness of the implemented public health measures, such as nucleic acid screening, social distancing, masking, vaccination, medical treatment of patients, and isolation of close contacts. These measures play an important role in fulfilling the goal of controlling the spread of the disease.
Genomic methylation patterns in pre-meiotic gynoecia of wild-type and RdDM mutants of Arabidopsis

Introduction Although DNA methylation patterns are generally considered to be faithfully inherited in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), there is evidence of reprogramming during both male and female gametogenesis. The gynoecium is the floral reproductive organ from which the ovules develop and generate meiotically derived cells that give rise to the female gametophyte. It is not known whether the gynoecium can condition genomic methylation in the ovule or the developing female gametophyte. Methods We performed whole genome bisulfite sequencing to characterize the methylation patterns that prevail in the genomic DNA of pre-meiotic gynoecia of wild-type and three mutants defective in genes of the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway (RdDM): ARGONAUTE4 (AGO4), ARGONAUTE9 (AGO9), and RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE6 (RDR6). Results By globally analyzing transposable elements (TEs) and genes located across the Arabidopsis genome, we show that DNA methylation levels are similar to those of gametophytic cells rather than those of sporophytic organs such as seedlings and rosette leaves. We show that none of the mutations completely abolishes RdDM, suggesting strong redundancy within the methylation pathways. Among all, ago4 mutation has the strongest effect on RdDM, causing more CHH hypomethylation than ago9 and rdr6. We identify 22 genes whose DNA methylation is significantly reduced in ago4, ago9 and rdr6 mutants, revealing potential targets regulated by the RdDM pathway in premeiotic gyneocia. Discussion Our results indicate that drastic changes in methylation levels in all three contexts occur in female reproductive organs at the sporophytic level, prior to the alternation of generations within the ovule primordium, offering a possibility to start identifying the function of specific genes acting in the establishment of the female gametophytic phase of the Arabidopsis life cycle.
ENSO impacts on the South American rainfall during 1980s: Hadley and Walker circulation

LOS CAMBIOS EN LAS CELULAS DE HADLY Y WALKER Y SUS RESPECTIVOS IMPACTOS EN SUDAMERICA, EN LAS LLUVIAS, DURANTE LOS EPISODIOS EN ENSO, OBSERVADOS EN LA DECADA DE LOS 80, SIN INVESTIGADOS A TRAVES DE ANALISIS DE REACCIONES CRUZADAS DE LA CIRCULACION ATMOSFERICA EN ALTITUDES PROMEDIADAS EN PLANOS ZONALES Y MERIDIONAL. TALES CELULAS DE GRAN-ESCALA, CASI INVIRTIERON SU PATRON DE CIRCULACION CLIMATOLOGIA DURANTE LOS EVENTOS DE EL NINO (1982-83 Y 1986-87) . EN ESOS ANOS, MANIFESTACION DE RAMAS DE DESCENSO ANOMALO DE LAS CELULAS DE HADLY Y WALKERS AFECTARON LA MAYOR PARTE DEL NORTE-NORESTE DE SUDAMERICA, CON INHIBICION DE ACTIVIDAD CONVECTIVA ASOCIADA A ITCZ Y CAUSO CONDICIONES DE SEQUIA EN LA ESTACION LLUVIOSA DE GUYANA, SURINAM, GUYANA FRANCESA, CENTRO-ESTE DEL AMAZONAS Y LA MAYOR PARTE DEL NORESTE DE BRASIL. POR OTRA PARTE LAS CONDICIONES DE EXCESO DE PRECIPITACION OBSERVADA EN EL SUR-SURESTE DE SUDAMERICA, FUERON FAVORECIDAS POR LA REMA DE ASCENSO ANOMALO DE LAS CELULAS DE HADLY. DURANTE LOS EVENTOS DE LA NINA (1984-85 Y 1988-89), SE OBSERVO UNA INTENSIFICACION DEL ASCENSO Y DESCENSO DE LAS RAMAS ASOCIADAS A LAS CELULAS DE HADLY Y WALKER. EL MOVIMIENTO ANONIMO DE GRAN-ESCALA ASCENDENTE ASOCIADO A LAS CELULAS, FUE EXTENDIDO AL NORESTE DE BRASIL Y SUR DE ATLANTICO ECUATORIAL, FAVORECIENDO QUE ITCZ SE VUELVA MAS ACTIVO QUE EL NORMAL, CON RESULTADOS EN UN AUMENTO DEL COMUN EN LA ESTACION LLUVIOSA EN ESAS AREAS. UNA INTENSA SUBSISTENCIA FUE NOTADA EN LAS LATITUDES MEDIAS DE SUDAMERICA, LA CUAL INHIBIO LA CONVECCION EN GRAN-ESCALA EN LA REGION, EXPLICANDO LA DEFICIENCIA ESTACION LLUVIOSA OBSERVADA EN LA MAYOR PARTE DE SUR-SURESTE DE SUDAMERICA.
Hypertrophy and ER Stress Induced by Palmitate Are Counteracted by Mango Peel and Seed Extracts in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

A diet rich in saturated fatty acids (FAs) has been correlated with metabolic dysfunction and ROS increase in the adipose tissue of obese subjects. Thus, reducing hypertrophy and oxidative stress in adipose tissue can represent a strategy to counteract obesity and obesity-related diseases. In this context, the present study showed how the peel and seed extracts of mango (Mangifera indica L.) reduced lipotoxicity induced by high doses of sodium palmitate (PA) in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mango peel (MPE) and mango seed (MSE) extracts significantly lowered PA-induced fat accumulation by reducing lipid droplet (LDs) and triacylglycerol (TAGs) content in adipocytes. We showed that MPE and MSE activated hormone-sensitive lipase, the key enzyme of TAG degradation. In addition, mango extracts down-regulated the adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ as well as activated AMPK with the consequent inhibition of acetyl-CoA-carboxylase (ACC). Notably, PA increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers GRP78, PERK and CHOP, as well as enhanced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in adipocytes. These effects were accompanied by a reduction in cell viability and the induction of apoptosis. Interestingly, MPE and MSE counteracted PA-induced lipotoxicity by reducing ER stress markers and ROS production. In addition, MPE and MSE increased the level of the anti-oxidant transcription factor Nrf2 and its targets MnSOD and HO-1. Collectively, these results suggest that the intake of mango extract-enriched foods in association with a correct lifestyle could exert beneficial effects to counteract obesity.
Temporins: Multifunctional Peptides from Frog Skin

Temporins are short peptides secreted by frogs from all over the world. They exert antimicrobial activity, mainly against Gram-positive bacteria, including resistant pathogens; recent studies highlight other possible applications of these peptides as anticancer or antiviral agents. This review is meant to describe the main features of temporins produced by different ranid genera. Due to the abundance of published papers, we focus on the most widely investigated peptides. We report studies on their mechanism of action and three-dimensional structure in model systems mimicking bacterial membranes or in the presence of cells. The design and the antimicrobial activity of peptide analogues is also described, with the aim of highlighting elements that are crucial to improve the bioactivity of peptides while reducing their toxicity. Finally, a short section is dedicated to the studies aimed at applying these peptides as drugs, to produce new antimicrobial materials or in other technological uses.
Self-DNA Early Exposure in Cultivated and Weedy Setaria Triggers ROS Degradation Signaling Pathways and Root Growth Inhibition

The accumulation of fragmented extracellular DNA reduces conspecific seed germination and plantlet growth in a concentration-dependent manner. This self-DNA inhibition was repeatedly reported, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully clarified. We investigated the species-specificity of self-DNA inhibition in cultivated vs. weed congeneric species (respectively, Setaria italica and S. pumila) and carried out a targeted real-time qPCR analysis under the hypothesis that self-DNA elicits molecular pathways that are responsive to abiotic stressors. The results of a cross-factorial experiment on root elongation of seedlings exposed to self-DNA, congeneric DNA, and heterospecific DNA from Brassica napus and Salmon salar confirmed a significantly higher inhibition by self-DNA as compared to non-self-treatments, with the latter showing a magnitude of the effect consistent with the phylogenetic distance between the DNA source and the target species. Targeted gene expression analysis highlighted an early activation of genes involved in ROS degradation and management (FSD2, ALDH22A1, CSD3, MPK17), as well as deactivation of scaffolding molecules acting as negative regulators of stress signaling pathways (WD40-155). While being the first exploration of early response to self-DNA inhibition at molecular level on C4 model plants, our study highlights the need for further investigation of the relationships between DNA exposure and stress signaling pathways by discussing potential applications for species-specific weed control in agriculture.
Metabolic Profile and Quantification of Terpene Trilactones and Flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba L. Buds Depending on Physiological Stages

The phytochemical profiles of extracts from closed, semi-opened and opened leaf buds and the summer leaves of Ginkgo biloba were studied. The extraction and purification of bilobalide and ginkgolides, using andrographolide as an internal standard, were optimised. The terpene trilactone concentrations increased with bud development, from 1.07 mg/g dry wt in closed buds to a maximum of 3.75 mg/g dry wt in summer leaves. The major terpene trilactone was bilobalide at all developmental stages. The concentration of flavonol aglycones in hydrolysed extracts was also analysed. The flavonol glycoside concentration increased from the closed bud stage (0.21 ± 0.01% dry wt) to the summer leaf stage (1.15 ± 0.01% dry wt). A linear correlation was observed between the terpene trilactone and flavonoid content during gingko leaf development.