Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extended precise integration method for axisymmetric thermo‐elastic problem in transversely isotropic material

This paper presents a numerical solution for the analysis of the axisymmetric thermo‐elastic problem in transversely isotropic material due to a buried heat source by means of extended precise integral method. By virtue of the Laplace–Hankel transform applied into the basic governing equations, an ordinary differential matrix equation is achieved, which describes the relationship between the generalized stresses and displacements in transformed domain. An extended precise integration method is introduced to solve the aforementioned matrix equation, and the actual solution in the physical domain is acquired by inverting the Laplace–Hankel transform. Numerical examples are carried out to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method and elucidate the influence of the character of transverse isotropy, the anisotropy of linear expansion coefficient, the anisotropy of thermal diffusivity, and medium's stratification on the thermo‐elastic response. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Medical Professionalism and Self‐Reflection in Medical Education

Recently, unprofessional behavior by physicians and misconduct by medical students have led to increased public concern over medical professionalism. Many studies have been conducted to explore strategies that reinforce professionalism education and prevent misconduct in medical students. However, most studies focused on defining the medical professionalism and its conceptual components. In this study, we conducted a conceptual analysis based on the literature review to categorize issues of unprofessional behavior, and identified doctors’ indifference to self and others as the reason for the unprofessional behavior. In this regard, self-reflection provides a practical tool to overcome such indifference. We suggest ‘education and evaluation based on self-reflection and reflective practices’ as the effective strategies to enhance the professionalism in medical students.
Comment on Model of ionic charge states of impulsive solar energetic particles in solar flares by M. Dolores Rodríguez-Frías, Luis del Peral, and Jorge Pérez-Peraza

[1] Attention is drawn to the fact that the numerical code ESCAPE by Rodriguez-Frias et al. [2001] is in conflict with other models of charge-changing processes in solar corona, including the most reliable model by Arnaud and Raymond [1992]. We find in the >0.1 MeV nucleon−1 energy range a tendency of the ESCAPE code to overestimate the ionic charge of iron. This implies an underestimation of the density × acceleration-time product in the ion acceleration region in solar corona.
Maximal function on generalized Lebesgue spaces $L^{p(\cdot)}$

We prove the boundedness of the Hardy–Littlewood maximal function on the generalized Lebesgue space Lp(·)(Rd) under a continuity assumption on p that is weaker than uniform Holder continuity. We deduce continuity of mollifying sequences and density of C∞(Ω) in W1,p(·)(Ω) . Mathematics subject classification (2000): 42B25, 46E30.
Fast photometry of quiescent soft X‐ray transients with the Acquisition Camera on Gemini‐South

We present a compilation of high time-resolution photometric observations of quiescent soft X-ray transients obtained with the Acquisition Camera on Gemini-South. A0620-00 (V616 Mon) was observed with a short cycle time and high precision. Superimposed on the ellipsoidal modulation we find several prominent flares together with weaker continual variability. The flares seen sample a shorter time-scale than those reported in previous observations, with rise times as low as 30 s or less; most flares show unresolved peaks. The power density spectrum (PDS) of A0620-00 appears to exhibit band-limited noise closely resembling the X-ray PDS of black hole candidates in their low states, but with the low-frequency break at a lower frequency. X-ray Nova Muscae 1991 (XN Mus 1991, GU Mus) shows much larger-amplitude flares than A0620-00, and if a break is present it is at a lower frequency. X-ray Nova Velorum 1993 (XN Vel 1993, MM Vel) shows very little flaring and is, like A0620-00, dominated by the ellipsoidal modulation. We discuss the possible origins for the flares. They are clearly associated with the accretion flow rather than an active companion, but whether they originate in the outer disc, or are driven by events in the inner region, is not yet resolved. The similarities of the PDS to those of low/hard-state sources would support the latter interpretation, and the low break frequency is as would be expected if this frequency approximately scales with the size of an inner evaporated region. We also report the discovery of a new variable star only 14 arcsec from XN Mus 1991. This appears to be a W UMa star, with an orbital period of about 6 h.
The nutritional quality and contents of heavy elements due to thermal processing and storage in canned Thunnus tonggol fish change compared to fresh fish

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional quality and concentration of heavy and toxic metals in the fresh and canned tuna Thunnus tonggol at different storage periods. The content of iron, zinc, copper, mercury, and also macronutrient compounds in the Iranian fresh and canned tuna fish and the effects of thermal processing and subsequent storage on metal contents were evaluated using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results showed that the levels of iron, zinc, copper, and mercury after the 6th, 9th, and 11th months of storage were 26.52, 10.83, 6.22, and 0.04 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of iron, zinc, copper, and mercury in the fresh fish were 11.03, 7.11, 1.71, and 0.03 mg/kg, respectively. The results of the statistical analysis of the samples showed that canning process and sterilization by autoclave increased the contents of elements except mercury to a significant level (p < .05). The results showed that the amount of fat significantly increased in all samples after storage (p < .05), but the ash and protein content significantly decreased (p < .05). The moisture content significantly increased (p < .05) except for the 9th month of storage. The obtained results showed that the energy value after 6 months of storage was the highest (297.53 kcal/100 g). The results showed that the bioaccumulation of copper, iron, zinc, and mercury in the fresh and canned muscles was lower than the standard concentration recommended by the FAO and WHO. This type of fish was a high‐quality food source and it was safe after 11 months of storage and was suitable for human consumption. Therefore, the consumption of Iranian canned tuna can be safe for human health despite the possible contamination with heavy metals.
Beta-cyfluthrin-Induced Alterations in the Total and Differential Haemocytes Count in the Red Cotton Bug, Dysdercus koenigii (Fabricius,1775)

Dysdercus koenigii is a major global pest of cotton that causes severe economic loss. Among several control measures, pyrethroids are frequently used toxicants because of high efficacy at low dosages and relative safety. Since haemocytes are biomarkers of the physiological response and immunity of insect which determine the insecticide efficacy, the current study assessed the effect of a pyrethroid, β-cyfluthrin, on the total and differential haemocyte counts of D. koenigii. Haemolymph was collected from the fifth instars after the topical application of β-cyfluthrin (0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4 and 12.8 mg/L) on the thoracic tergum. The haemolymph of control nymphs revealed 5270 haemocytes/mm3 which decreased instantly by 1.4-3.1-fold on β-cyfluthrin exposure; more reduction observed at lower dosages. Increase in exposure duration and β-cyfluthrin dosages fluctuated the count considerably, eventually raising them at lower dosages and diminishing at higher dosages. Among five kinds of haemocytes recorded in the haemolymph, the β-cyfluthrin exposure increased %prohaemocytes count; diminished %granulocytes and %plasmatocytes count while spherulocyte and oenocyte counts were inconsistent. The alterations in haemocyte counts indicate the immunity response trigger in D. koenigii due to β-cyfluthrin-induced stress. Further investigations may decipher the mechanisms involved and help to formulate the strategies for its management in fields.
Smooth Switching Output Tracking Control for LPV Systems

This paper is concerned with the problem of smooth switching state feedback controller design for aircraft dynamic systems with multiple operating points. Based on the theory of robust control, a single state feedback controller which considers smooth switching is constructed. With the constant controller, the output response can be considerably improved in the switching process when the flight condition changes. An example for autopilot design of an F‐18 aircraft is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Predicting Pathological Complete Response in Breast Cancer After Two Cycles of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy by Tumor Reduction Rate: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

Purpose We aimed to identify effectiveness-associated indicators and evaluate the optimal tumor reduction rate (TRR) after two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with invasive breast cancer. Methods This retrospective case-control study included patients who underwent at least four cycles of NAC at the Department of Breast Surgery between February 2013 and February 2020. A regression nomogram model for predicting pathological responses was constructed based on potential indicators. Results A total of 784 patients were included, of whom 170 (21.68%) reported pathological complete response (pCR) after NAC and 614 (78.32%) had residual invasive tumors. The clinical T stage, clinical N stage, molecular subtype, and TRR were identified as independent predictors of pCR. Patients with a TRR > 35% were more likely to achieve pCR (odds ratio, 5.396; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.299–8.825). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted using the probability value, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.892 (95% CI, 0.863–0.922). Conclusion TRR > 35% is predictive of pCR after two cycles of NAC, and an early evaluation model using a nomogram based on five indicators, age, clinical T stage, clinical N stage, molecular subtype, and TRR, is applicable in patients with invasive breast cancer.
1.3-/spl mu/m InAsP n-type modulation-doped MQW lasers grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy

The effect of n-type modulation doping as well as growth temperature on the threshold current density of 1.3-/spl mu/m InAsP strained multiple-quantum-well (MQW) lasers grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE) was investigated for the first time. We have obtained threshold current density as low as 250 A/cm/sup 2/ for 1200-/spl mu/m long devices. The threshold current density per well for infinite cavity length J/sub th//N/sub w/spl infin// of 57 A/cm/sup 2/ was obtained for the optimum n-doping density (N/sub D/=1/spl times/10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/) and the optimum growth temperature (515/spl deg/C for InP and 455/spl deg/C for the SCH-MQW region), which is about 30% reduction as compared with that of undoped MQW lasers. A very low continuous-wave threshold current of 0.9 mA have been obtained at room temperature, which is the lowest ever reported for long-wavelength lasers using n-type modulation doping, and the lowest results grown by all kinds of MBE in the long-wavelength region. The differential gain was estimated by the measurement of relative intensity noise. No significant reduction of differential gain was observed for n-type MD-MQW lasers as compared with undoped MQW lasers. The carrier lifetime was also reduced by about 33% by using n-type MD-MQW lasers. Both reduction of the threshold current and the carrier lifetime lead to the reduction of the turn-on delay time by about 30%. The 1.3-/spl mu/m InAsP strained MQW lasers using n-type modulation doping with very low power consumption and small turn-on delay is very attractive for laser array application in high-density parallel optical interconnection systems.
Crossing borders of political governance and democracy

Political governance and democracy are associated so closely with the modern nation- state that it is difficult to imagine them in any other political setting. As a consequence of globalization, the alleged passing or "unbundling" of the nation-state (at the very least its transformation) therefore poses a severe challenge to these two founding concepts, requiring a new language of politics and rule which can at least partially transcend traditional state-centric territorialities (Ruggie 1993; Held 1995; Linklater 1998). The field of human geography, in particular, has been challenged to think beyond the "territorial trap" of perceiving culture, identity and politics as isomorphic with national space (Agnew 1999).
Yielding of colloidal glasses

We studied yielding in two kinds of colloidal glasses: hard spheres at high concentrations without and with a short-range interparticle attraction induced by adding non-adsorbing polymer. Our oscillatory shear and step strain measurements reveal single and two-step yielding in these two kinds of glasses, respectively. This finding is interpreted in terms of a simple picture: the breaking of local topological constraints (cages) and the breaking of nearest-neighbour bonds.
Changes in Bald Eagle Nesting Distribution and Nest-Site Selection in Kentucky during 1986–2019

Abstract – Kentucky's breeding Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Bald Eagle) population began recovering in 1986, with a single nest, and has since expanded from the state's western portion to the central and eastern regions. We used aerial survey data to describe the spatiotemporal distribution of Bald Eagle nests in Kentucky, to examine changes in nest-site selection relative to natural and anthropogenic features, and to create a nesting-habitat suitability model. Our results highlight increased nesting near developed areas in recent years. Although nests in these areas productively contribute to populations, we note some considerations of increased risks associated with nesting in developed areas. We also provide predictions of available nesting areas and data to direct the future monitoring and management of Bald Eagles in Kentucky.
Analysis of the fundamental space-filling mode of photonic crystal fibres: a symmetry point of view

We analyse the fundamental space-filling mode of photonic crystal fibres using known results from group theory. In photonic crystal fibres based on both hexagonal lattices and square lattices, this mode can be analytically computed most accurately from an equivalent circular unit cell having the same area as the original unit cell and the boundary conditions are perfect electric and perfect magnetic conductors for the electromagnetic field. We also show how the boundary conditions for the elementary piece used in numerical analysis are associated with the symmetry-induced results and the degeneracy of the fundamental space-filling mode of a rectangular photonic crystal fibre is lifted.
Three-dimensional Motion Analysis of Sacroiliac Joint Mobility: A Reliability Study

Background: Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) movement has been investigated in many studies using a motion analysis system; however, the reliability of this method has not been well defined yet. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the reliability of measuring the three-dimensional (3D) movement of the SIJ through the motion analysis system. Methods: A total of 10 healthy participants performed three forward flexions from a standing position twice in one session with an interval of 30 minutes. The movements were captured by the VICON motion analysis system, and the motion of the sacrum relative to each innominate was estimated in three plans of movement. The test-retest reliability was calculated with the average of three trials using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The measurements demonstrated good to excellent reliability (ICC: from 0.61 to 0.97) that was achieved for the SIJ motion variables. Conclusion: The outcomes of this study showed that the 3D motion analysis can be used for the evaluation of SIJ mobility due to its acceptable reliability.
Wavelets Generated by Vector Multiresolution Analysis

Abstract The paper presents a general approach to the construction of so-called biorthogonal vector-MRA and its related wavelets ofL2(Rd). The presented algorithm is very close to the one in the classical case given by Cohen–Daubechies (d= 1) and Long–Chen (d≥ 1). Roughly speaking, to get a biorthogonal vector-MRA from a given couple {H0(ξ); H 0(ξ)} of trigonometric polynomial matrices satisfying ∑νH0(ξ + νπ) H 0*(ξ + νπ) =Im(modulo some other natural mild conditions), it is needed only to check if both of the spectral radius of the transition operatorsPH0, andP H 0restricted on some suitable invariant space P 0, are less than 1.
Enhanced O2+ loss at Mars due to an ambipolar electric field from electron heating

Recent results from the MAVEN Langmuir Probe and Waves instrument suggest higher than predicted electron temperatures (Te) in Mars' dayside ionosphere above ~180 km in altitude. Correspondingly, measurements from Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer indicate significant abundances of O2+ up to ~500 km in altitude, suggesting that O2+ may be a principal ion loss mechanism of oxygen. In this article, we investigate the effects of the higher Te (which results from electron heating) and ion heating on ion outflow and loss. Numerical solutions show that plasma processes including ion heating and higher Te may greatly increase O2+ loss at Mars. In particular, enhanced Te in Mars' ionosphere just above the exobase creates a substantial ambipolar electric field with a potential (eΦ) of several kBTe, which draws ions out of the region allowing for enhanced escape. With active solar wind, electron, and ion heating, direct O2+ loss could match or exceed loss via dissociative recombination of O2+. These results suggest that direct loss of O2+ may have played a significant role in the loss of oxygen at Mars over time.
Comparison of VHF Doppler beam swinging and spaced antenna observations with the MU radar: First results

We present a comparison between wind measurements in the 5–21 km altitude range over the middle and upper atmosphere (MU) radar obtained by two different techniques: Doppler beam swinging (DBS) and spaced antenna (SA). The SA data are analyzed by full correlation analysis (FCA) to extract the apparent and true velocities. The period analyzed, December 14–18, 1988, had strong zonal winds that often exceeded 80 m/s at around 11 km altitude and also had substantial (> 1 m/s) vertical winds that existed over extended regions of height and time. It is essential to account properly for the vertical wind when extracting the horizontal winds from the oblique DBS beams, but no obvious influence of the vertical velocity on the FCA is detected. In different altitude regions of the atmosphere (below and above the jet stream peak and above 17.7 km), the DBS amplitude alternately agrees better with the true or the apparent velocity obtained by the FCA method. The directions of all three wind estimations agree well, although the apparent direction displays more variability with altitude than do the true and DBS directions. When a smaller spacing for the receiving array is used, it yields a smaller true velocity estimate.
Coupled Models and Parallel Simulations for Three-Dimensional Full-Stokes Ice Sheet Modeling

A three-dimensional full-Stokes computational model is considered for deter- mining the dynamics, temperature, and thickness of ice sheets. The governing thermo- mechanical equations consist of the three-dimensional full-Stokes system with nonlin- ear rheology for the momentum, an advective-diffusion energy equation for temper- ature evolution, and a mass conservation equation for ice-thickness changes. Here, we discuss the variable resolution meshes, the finite element discretizations, and the parallel algorithms employed by the model components. The solvers are integrated through a well-designed coupler for the exchange of parametric data between com- ponents. The discretization utilizes high-quality, variable-resolution centroidal Voronoi Delaunay triangulation meshing and existing parallel solvers. We demonstrate the grid- ding technology, discretization schemes, and the efficiency and scalability of the paral- lel solvers through computational experiments using both simplified geometries arising from benchmark test problems and a realistic Greenland ice sheet geometry. AMS subject classifications: 65M60, 65M55, 65Y05, 65Z05, 68U20, 68W10
An inverse problem for a  double phase implicit obstacle problem with multivalued terms

In this paper, we study an inverse problem of estimating three discontinuous parameters in a double phase implicit obstacle problem with multivalued terms and mixed boundary conditions which is formulated by a regularized optimal control problem. Under very general assumptions, we introduce a multivalued function called a parameter-to-solution map which admits weakly compact values. Then, by employing the Aubin-Cellina convergence theorem and the theory of nonsmooth analysis, we prove that the parameter-to-solution map is bounded and continuous in the sense of Kuratowski. Finally, a generalized regularization framework for the inverse problem is developed and a new existence theorem is provided.
Synoptic-Eddy Feedbacks and Circulation Regime Analysis

Abstract A method to incorporate synoptic eddies into the diagnosis of circulation regimes using cluster analysis is illustrated using boreal winter reanalyses of the National Centers of Environmental Prediction (hereafter observations) over the Pacific–North American region. The motivation is to include the configuration of the high-frequency (periods less than 10 days) transients as well as the low-frequency (periods greater than 10 days) flow explicitly into the definition of the regimes. Principle component analysis is applied to the low-frequency 200-hPa height field, and also to the low-frequency “envelope” modulations of the rms of high-frequency meridional velocity at 200 hPa. A maximum covariance analysis of the height and envelope fields, carried out using the appropriate principal components, defines three modes as explaining most of the covariance. This defines the minimum dimensionality of the space in which to apply k-means cluster analysis to the covariance coefficients. Clusters found usin.
System identification using Kautz models

In this paper, the problem of approximating a linear time-invariant stable system by a finite weighted sum of given exponentials is considered. System identification schemes using Laguerre models are extended and generalized to Kautz models, which correspond to representations using several different possible complex exponentials. In particular, linear regression methods to estimate this sort of model from measured data are analyzed. The advantages of the proposed approach are the simplicity of the resulting identification scheme and the capability of modeling resonant systems using few parameters. The subsequent analysis is based on the result that the corresponding linear regression normal equations have a block Toeplitz structure. Several results on transfer function estimation are extended to discrete Kautz models, for example, asymptotic frequency domain variance expressions. >