Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The echo of the bar buckling: Phase-space spirals in Gaia Data Release 2

We present a high-resolution numerical study of the phase-space diversity in an isolated Milky Way-type galaxy. Using a single N-body simulation (N ≈ 0.14 × 109) we explore the formation, evolution, and spatial variation of the phase-space spirals similar to those recently discovered by Antoja et al. in the Milky Way disk with Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2). For the first time in the literature we use a self-consistent N-body simulation of an isolated Milky Way-type galaxy to show that the phase-space spirals develop naturally from vertical oscillations driven by the buckling of the stellar bar. Thus, we claim that the physical mechanism standing behind the observed incomplete phase-space mixing process can be internal and not necessarily due to the perturbation induced by a massive satellite. In our model, the bending oscillations propagate outward and produce axisymmetric variations of the mean vertical coordinate and vertical velocity component of about 100 − 200 pc and 1 − 2 km s−1, respectively. As a consequence, the phase-space wrapping results in the formation of patterns with various morphologies across the disk, depending on the bar orientation, distance to the galactic center, and time elapsed since the bar buckling. Once bending waves appear, they are supported for a long time via disk self-gravity. Such vertical oscillations trigger the formation of various time-dependent phase-space spirals in the entire disk. The underlying physical mechanism implies the link between in-plane and vertical motion that leads directly to phase-space structures whose amplitude and shape are in remarkable agreement with those of the phase-space spirals observed in the Milky Way disk. In our isolated galaxy simulation, phase-space spirals are still distinguishable at the solar neighborhood 3 Gyr after the buckling phase. The long-lived character of the phase-space spirals generated by the bar buckling instability cast doubts on the timing argument used so far to get back to the time of the onset of the perturbation: phase-space spirals may have been caused by perturbations originated several gigayearrs ago, and not as recent as suggested so far.
How robust is the indistinguishability between quantum fluctuation seen from noninertial frame and real thermal bath

We re-advocated the conjecture of indistinguishability between the quantum fluctuation observed from a Rindler frame and a real thermal bath, for the case of a free massless scalar field. To clarify the robustness and how far such is admissible, in this paper, we investigate the issue from two different non-inertial observers' perspective. A detailed analysis is being done to find the observable quantities as measured by two non-inertial observers (one is Rindler and another is uniformly rotating) on the real thermal bath and Rindler frame in Minkowski spacetime. More precisely, we compare Thermal-Rindler with Rindler-Rindler and Thermal-rotating with Rindler-rotating situations. In the first model it is observed that although some of the observables are equivalent, all the components of renormalised stress-tensor are not the same. In the later model, we again find that this equivalence is not totally guaranteed. Therefore we argue that the indistinguishability between the real thermal bath and the Rindler frame may not be totally true.
Estimating uncertainty spillover effects across euro area using a regime dependent VAR model

Abstract This paper investigates macroeconomic uncertainty spillover effects across countries and their impact on real economic activity in different economic periods, i.e. pre-crisis and during the recent financial crisis. The analysis is initially carried out using Monte Carlo simulations and, subsequently, real data for four euro zone economies, namely Italy, France, Germany, and Spain. The Monte Carlo findings clearly indicate a need to account for spillover effects across countries when investigating the impact of aggregate uncertainty on economic variables. The empirical results provide clear-cut evidence of the existence of macroeconomic spillovers between the four euro countries, with some feedback from periphery economies, notably Italy, to the core economies during the financial crisis period. Further, the impact of uncertainty on real economic activity is dampened for the four euro countries when spillover effects are accounted for. Spillover effects among the four countries are also observed when US uncertainty is taken into account. Further, US macroeconomic uncertainty impacts negatively on the real economic activity of the four euro countries.
Beyond invisibility: Landscapes of intersubjective recognition experienced by cleaners in Australian schools

Dominant approaches to researching cleaners’ experiences of invisibility and recognition have tended to focus on either the structural determinants of invisibility, such as outsourcing or ‘dirty work’ status, or the ways in which workers seek recognition as a strategy for managing taint. This article uses Honneth's concept of intersubjective recognition as a basis for bringing together structure- and agency-oriented approaches through a focus on the ways in which cleaners’ recognition experiences arise from historically specific contexts that are both found and made by cleaners. The article illustrates the usefulness of Honneth's theory through a comparison of the intersubjective recognition experiences of Australian school cleaners working in different work paradigms in two historical periods, public service cleaners in the 1910s–1990s and outsourced cleaners in the 2000s–2020s. The case studies contribute new empirical findings concerning patterns of cleaner recognition across all three dimensions theorised by Honneth – love, rights and solidarity – and the significance of shared horizons of purpose between cleaners and other workplace actors for enabling intersubjective recognition. Theoretically, the paper advances the concept of ‘dense’ and ‘sparse’ intersubjective recognition landscapes as a lens for understanding the changing nature and sources of cleaner invisibility and recognition over time.
The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance An Analysis of Selling Concessions, Reallowance Fees, and Price An Analysis of Selling Concessions, Reallowance Fees, and Price Changes in the Marketing of IPOs Changes in the Marketing of IPOs

This paper provides an economic model resulting in two distinct marketing strategies available to investment bankers. First, we hypothesize that an increased selling effort by brokers is used most effectively when the investment clientele is uninformed. Second, adjusting the offer price of the issue is hypothesized to be employed primarily in large IPOs with a clientele of sophisticated investors, consistent with Shiller’s Impresario Hypothesis. Our pre-IPO bubble (1981-1996) empirical results yield evidence supporting both selling mechanisms. Under- demanded small IPO issues are ‘pushed’ by the brokers, while some under -demanded large IPO issues instead increase the offer price, with large first-day turnover characteristics of flipping. Both types of issues experience large and significant negative long-term returns, as share prices eventually return to the equilibrium price. For the post-IPO bubble period (1997-2017), the Impresario Hypothesis is empirically supported, but the push strategy is not, indicating a partial shift in selling mechanisms post bubble.
MOCCA-SURVEY database I. Accreting white dwarf binary systems in globular clusters - III. Cataclysmic variables - implications of model assumptions

In this third of a series of papers related to cataclysmic variables (CVs) and related objects, we analyse the population of CVs in a set of 12 globular cluster models evolved with the MOCCA Monte Carlo code, for two initial binary populations (IBPs), two choices of common-envelope phase (CEP) parameters, and three different models for the evolution of CVs and the treatment of angular momentum loss. When more realistic models and parameters are considered, we find that present-day cluster CV duty cycles are extremely low (≲0.1 per cent) that makes their detection during outbursts rather difficult. Additionally, the IBP plays a significant role in shaping the CV population properties, and models that follow the Kroupa IBP are less affected by enhanced angular momentum loss. We also predict from our simulations that CVs formed dynamically in the past few Gyr (massive CVs) correspond to bright CVs (as expected) and that faint CVs formed several Gyr ago (dynamically or not) represent the overwhelming majority. Regarding the CV formation rate, we rule out the notion that it is similar irrespective of the cluster properties. Finally, we discuss the differences in the present-day CV properties related to the IBPs, the initial cluster conditions, the CEP parameters, formation channels, the CV evolution models and the angular momentum loss treatments. (Less)
Revisiting the hymenopteran diploid male vortex: a review of avoidance mechanisms and incidence

All hymenopterans (bees, ants, wasps, and sawflies) have haplodiploid sex determination. Generally, this involves haploid males developing from unfertilized eggs and diploid females developing from fertilized eggs, but diploid male production (DMP) frequently occurs. Some species have complementary sex determination (CSD), in which heterozygotes of a csd locus or loci are diploid females, hemizygotes are haploid males, and homozygotes are typically sterile diploid males. These diploid males underlie the diploid male vortex (DMV), the phenomenon of inbreeding reducing csd allelic diversity and causing increasingly higher production of sterile diploid males until the population dies out. The DMV has been cited as an extinction risk for many species across the order and a danger to both human‐controlled and natural hymenopteran populations important in biological control, pollination, and endangered species conservation. However, it has been unclear how frequently it occurs. We review the known mechanisms for DMV avoidance. Many of these mechanisms are linked to lifestyle, and so we structure our investigation around eusocial lifestyle and non‐eusocial (solitary or gregarious) species. We also review documented DMV incidence to make an inference about its prevalence. There are many means to avoid inbreeding or diploid male production, including eusocial‐exclusive polygyny, polyandry, and diploid queen execution. For both eusocial and non‐eusocial species these include biological mechanisms such as multi‐locus CSD or non‐CSD sex determination, diploid male inviability or brood removal, partial diploid male fecundity, and mating avoidance of kin or diploid males; or population genetic mechanisms such as gene flow and dispersal, balancing selection of csd alleles (with some being more prominent in eusocial vs. non‐eusocial species). Documented cases of DMV are uncommon, and incidence is often tied to exacerbatory conditions such as habitat fragmentation and host declines. With this review we suggest that due to numerous avoidance mechanisms, DMV risk may not be as high as previously believed, and requires specific circumstances. In doing so we aim to better inform hymenopteran breeding and conservation efforts.
Bridging Automated to Autonomous Cyber Defense: Foundational Analysis of Tabular Q-Learning

Leveraging security automation and orchestration technologies enables security analysts to respond more quickly and accurately to threats. However, current tooling is limited to automating very finely scoped and hand-coded situations, such as quarantining known malware and blocking traffic from known malicious domains. Recent research has sought to bridge the gap between this kind of automated security and autonomous cyber defense, leveraging reinforcement learning (RL) on top of basic automation to enable intelligent response. This paper provides foundational analysis of autonomous agents trained with Tabular Q-Learning through a series of experiments examining a range of network scenarios. Our results demonstrate that off-the-shelf Tabular Q-Learning does not offer a single, superior solution across all scenarios. However, we also find that modifying the underlying state encoding and update function can influence the robustness of the defensive agent to generalize to unseen evaluation environments without a significant loss in accuracy. These results highlight potential optimizations for more advanced RL techniques as well as provide a baseline for others leveraging RL for defensive cyber automation.
Hybrid Clouds Arising from Software as a Service Adoption: Challenges, Solutions, and Future Research Directions

Information technology (IT) departments are increasingly challenged to replace legacy applications with novel public cloud software as a service (SaaS) to innovate the organization's business processes. The resulting hybrid cloud is formed by integrating the added SaaS with existing IT services. The decision to adopt SaaS in such a hybrid cloud service composition requires appropriate consideration of the respective service level agreements (SLA) to ensure the proper execution of the supported business process. Previous studies focused strongly on cloud service selection or SLA negotiation rather than functionally desired SaaS adoption from the perspective of the hybrid cloud provider as integrator. This research paper identifies economic and technical issues in hybrid cloud arising from SaaS adoption and discusses challenges and existing solutions. A structured literature survey revealed that 52 issues in 36 identified publications are transferable to our context. These issues were classified in six different challenges. We were able to explore the relations between solution artifacts of various challenges and provide guidance for future research concerning hybrid clouds. The relations between the challenges are also found to vary in their research maturity and offer promising fields for further research.
RELICS: Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey

Large surveys of galaxy clusters with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Spitzer, including the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble and the Frontier Fields, have demonstrated the power of strong gravitational lensing to efficiently deliver large samples of high-redshift galaxies. We extend this strategy through a wider, shallower survey named RELICS, the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey, described here. Our 188-orbit Hubble Treasury Program observed 41 clusters at 0.182 ≤ z ≤ 0.972 with Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) and WFC3/IR imaging spanning 0.4–1.7 μm. We selected 21 of the most massive clusters known based on Planck PSZ2 estimates and 20 additional clusters based on observed or inferred lensing strength. RELICS observed 46 WFC3/IR pointings (∼200 arcmin2) each with two orbits divided among four filters (F105W, F125W, F140W, and F160W) and ACS imaging as needed to achieve single-orbit depth in each of three filters (F435W, F606W, and F814W). As previously reported by Salmon et al., we discovered over 300 z ∼ 6–10 candidates, including the brightest z ∼ 6 candidates known, and the most distant spatially resolved lensed arc known at z ∼ 10. Spitzer IRAC imaging (945 hr awarded, plus 100 archival, spanning 3.0–5.0 μm) has crucially enabled us to distinguish z ∼ 10 candidates from z ∼ 2 interlopers. For each cluster, two HST observing epochs were staggered by about a month, enabling us to discover 11 supernovae, including 3 lensed supernovae, which we followed up with 20 orbits from our program. Reduced HST images, catalogs, and lens models are available on MAST, and reduced Spitzer images are available on IRSA.
Gynecology Reproductive Psychological and Social Effects of Infertility on Women: A Mixed Method Research

Background : Infertility is one of the most devastating experiences among infertile women in Nigeria. This is due to the socio-cultural significance attached to childbearing in Nigerian society. This study was conducted to assess and explore the psychological and social effects of infertility, identify the support system and coping strategies available to and utilized by infertile women selected from Gynecological Clinic of Owo Federal Medical Centre. Methods: The current research was a cross-sectional study and it used a convergent mixed method approach to collect data from September, 2017 to January, 2018. Structured questionnaire and in-depth interview guide were used to collect data from 152 and 10 infertile women who were selected by purposive sampling. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multinomial logistics regression in SPSS20 at 0.05 level of significance. The interviews were analyzed via content analysis. Results: The most prevalent psychological and social effects of infertility experienced by the women were frustration with the different treatment procedures (79.6%) and having sex for purpose of procreation only (78.9%). Higher age (OR = 2.95, CI = 1.68 - 5.29, P=0.01), monogamous family (OR = 6.70, CI = 1.68 - 26.74, P = 0.01) and parity (OR = 4.21, CI = 0.42 - 41.76, P=0.03) significantly influenced psychological effects of infertility while zero parity (OR =1.34, CI = 0.89 - 4.56, P = 0.01) was the only factor that significantly determine the social effects of infertility. The qualitative results show that the women experienced a range of psychological and social issues ranging from grief to negative self-concept, inordinate desire for sexual intercourse, societal stigma, social withdrawal and isolation. Conclusion: The study concluded that infertile women experience a range of psychological and social issues. The findings from both the quantitative and qualitative assessment indicated the need to provide more psychosocial support for women with infertility.
How Far We’ve Come – A Characterization Study of Standalone WebAssembly Runtimes

WebAssembly was originally created to facilitate the deployment of non-web applications on web platforms. Because of its high speed, safety, portability, and language independence, WebAssembly is increasingly adopted outside the web. This is generally enabled by standalone WebAssembly runtimes, which are dedicated to running WebAssembly binary code without web browsers. However, the characteristics of existing standalone WebAssembly runtimes are not clear due to the limited study in academia. To fill up this knowledge gap, we conduct a comprehensive characterization study of standalone WebAssembly runtimes in this paper. Our study covers five predominant standalone WebAssembly runtimes. Besides, we also construct a benchmark suite for the study, named WABench, which contains not only benchmark programs from existing mature benchmark suites but also whole applications from various application domains. Our study reveals several interesting findings. For example, we find that all studied runtimes introduce an average of $1.59\times - 9.57\times $ performance slowdown when running WebAssembly binaries compared to native executions, meaning that effective yet low-cost dynamic optimizations are needed. We also observe that standalone WebAssembly runtimes can make significant architectural impacts, e.g., more branch prediction misses and higher cache pressure. We hope our study can pave the way for expanding WebAssembly to more broad non-web domains.
Reversing gut microbiome-driven adipose tissue inflammation alleviates metabolic syndrome

The gut microbiota contributes to macrophage-mediated inflammation in adipose tissue with consumption of an obesogenic diet, thus driving the development of metabolic syndrome. There is a need to identify and develop interventions that abrogate this condition. The hops-derived prenylated flavonoid xanthohumol (XN) and its semi-synthetic derivative tetrahydroxanthohumol (TXN) attenuate high-fat diet-induced obesity, hepatosteatosis and metabolic syndrome in C57Bl/6J mice. This coincides with a decrease in pro-inflammatory gene expression in the gut and adipose tissue, together with alterations in the gut microbiota and bile acid composition. In this study, we integrated and interrogated multi-omics data from different organs with fecal 16S sequences and systemic metabolic phenotypic data using a transkingdom network analysis. By incorporating cell type information from single cell RNA-seq data, we discovered TXN attenuates macrophage inflammatory processes in adipose tissue. TXN treatment also reversed levels of inflammation-inducing microbes, such as Oscillibacter valericigenes, that lead to adverse metabolic phenotypes. Furthermore, in vitro validation in macrophage cell lines and in vivo mouse supplementation showed addition of O. valericigenes supernatant induced the expression of metabolic macrophage signature genes that are downregulated by TXN in vivo. Our findings establish an important mechanism by which TXN mitigates adverse phenotypic outcomes from diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome. It primarily reduces the abundance of pro-inflammatory gut microbes that can otherwise promote macrophage-associated inflammation in adipose tissue.
High-Resolution EEG Source Reconstruction with Boundary Element Fast Multipole Method Using Reciprocity Principle and TES Forward Model Matrix

Background Accurate high-resolution EEG source reconstruction (localization) is important for several tasks, including rigorous and rapid mental health screening. Objective The present study has developed, validated, and applied a new source localization algorithm utilizing a charge-based boundary element fast multipole method (BEM-FMM) coupled with the Helmholtz reciprocity principle and the transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) forward solution. Methods The unknown cortical dipole density is reconstructed over the entire cortical surface by expanding into global basis functions in the form of cortical fields of active TES electrode pairs. These pairs are constructed from the reading electrodes. An analog of the minimum norm estimation (MNE) equation is obtained after substituting this expansion into the reciprocity principle written in terms of measured electrode voltages. Delaunay (geometrically balanced) triangulation of the electrode cap is introduced first. Basis functions for all electrode pairs connected by the edges of a triangular mesh are precomputed and stored in memory. A smaller set of independent basis functions is then selected and employed at every time instant. This set is based on the highest voltage differences measured. Results The method is validated against the classic, yet challenging problem of median nerve stimulation and the tangential cortical sources located at the posterior wall of the central sulcus for an N20/P20 peak (2 scanned subjects). The method is further applied to perform source reconstruction of synthesized tangential cortical sources located at the posterior wall of the central sulcus (12 different subjects). In the second case, an average source reconstruction error of 7 mm is reported for the best possible noiseless scenario. Conclusions Once static preprocessing with TES electrodes has been done (the basis functions have been computed), our method requires fractions of a second to complete the accurate high-resolution source localization.