Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrical conductance lab: a low-cost, simple and useful project with Arduino

This paper introduces a project carried out with an advanced physics class in a secondary school, where Arduino-based classroom measurements were used to strengthen the students’ knowledge in the topic of direct current. The aim of the project was to engage students in the classroom work and provide them with modern and applicable knowledge. The project involved students working in small groups, where they used Arduino to measure the conductance of various fluids, including tap water, and saltwater. Students relied on digital technology for data acquisition and data processing and they evaluated the measurement data digitally, too. Graphical representation and function plotting—qualitative and quantitative explanation of the measurements support students to deepen their knowledge. The project demonstrated the potential of applying Arduino-based classroom measurements to engage students in learning physics and provide them with hands-on experience with modern technology. In this paper, we introduce a method we designed for conducting Arduino-supported classroom measurements effectively, while developing competences that are essential for getting by in the 21st century.
Dietary Polysaccharides as Modulators of the Gut Microbiota Ecosystem: An Update on Their Impact on Health

A polysaccharide is a macromolecule composed of more than ten monosaccharides with a wide distribution and high structural diversity and complexity in nature. Certain polysaccharides are immunomodulators and play key roles in the regulation of immune responses during the progression of some diseases. In addition to stimulating the growth of certain intestinal bacteria, polysaccharides may also promote health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. In the last years, studies about the triad gut microbiota–polysaccharides–health have increased exponentially. In consequence, in the present review, we aim to summarize recent knowledge about the function of dietary polysaccharides on gut microbiota composition and how these effects affect host health.
Thermodynamics of higher dimensional topological dilation black holes with a power-law Maxwell field

In this paper, we extend the study on the nonlinear power-law Maxwell field to dilaton gravity. We introduce the $(n+1)$-dimensional action in which gravity is coupled to a dilaton and power-law nonlinear Maxwell field, and we obtain the field equations by varying the action. We construct a new class of higher dimensional topological black hole solutions of Einstein-dilaton theory coupled to a power-law nonlinear Maxwell field and investigate the effects of the nonlinearity of the Maxwell source as well as the dilaton field on the properties of the spacetime. Interestingly enough, we find that the solutions exist provided one assumes three Liouville-type potentials for the dilaton field, and in the case of the Maxwell field, one of the Liouville potentials vanishes. After studying the physical properties of the solutions, we compute the mass, charge, electric potential and temperature of the topological dilaton black holes. We also study the thermodynamics and thermal stability of the solutions and disclose the effects of the dilaton field and the power-law Maxwell field on the thermodynamics of these black holes. Finally, we comment on the dynamical stability of the obtained solutions in four dimensions.
Measurements and simulation of Faraday rotation across the Coma radio relic

The aim of this work is to probe the magnetic field properties i n relics and infall regions of galaxy clusters using Faraday Rotation Measures. We present Very Large Array multifrequency observations of seven sources in the region South-West of the Coma cluster, where the infalling group NGC4839 and the relic 1253+275 are located. The Faraday Rotation Measure maps for the observed sources are derived and analysed to study the magnetic field in the South-West region of Coma. We discuss how to interpret the data by comparing observed and mock rotation measures maps that are produced simulating different 3-dimensional magnetic field models. The magnetic field model that gives the best fit to the Coma central region underestimates the rotation measure in the South-West region by a factor∼6, and no significant jump in the rotation measure data is found at the position of t he relic. We explore different possibilities to reconcile observed and mock rotation measure trends, and conclude that an amplification of the magnetic field along the South-West sect or is the most plausible solution. Our data together with recent X-ray estimates of the gas density obtained with Suzaku suggest that a magnetic field amplification by a factor ∼3 is required throughout the entire South-West region in order to reconcile real and mock rotation measures trends. The magnetic field in the relic region is inferred to be∼ 2� G, consistent with Inverse Compton limits.
THE Fe II EMISSION IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI: EXCITATION MECHANISMS AND LOCATION OF THE EMITTING REGION

We present a study of Fe ii emission in the near-infrared region (NIR) for 25 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to obtain information about the excitation mechanisms that power it and the location where it is formed. We employ an NIR Fe ii template derived in the literature and find that it successfully reproduces the observed Fe ii spectrum. The Fe ii bump at 9200 Å detected in all objects studied confirms that Lyα fluorescence is always present in AGNs. The correlation found between the flux of the 9200 Å bump, the 1 μm lines, and the optical Fe ii implies that Lyα fluorescence plays an important role in Fe ii production. We determined that at least 18% of the optical Fe ii is due to this process, while collisional excitation dominates the production of the observed Fe ii. The line profiles of Fe ii λ10502, O i λ11287, Ca ii λ8664, and Paβ were compared to gather information about the most likely location where they are emitted. We found that Fe ii, O i and Ca ii have similar widths and are, on average, 30% narrower than Paβ. Assuming that the clouds emitting the lines are virialized, we show that the Fe ii is emitted in a region twice as far from the central source than Paβ. The distance, though, strongly varies: from 8.5 light-days for NGC 4051 to 198.2 light-days for Mrk 509. Our results reinforce the importance of the Fe ii in the NIR to constrain critical parameters that drive its physics and the underlying AGN kinematics, as well as more accurate models aimed at reproducing this complex emission.
Star formation properties of sub-mJy radio sources

We investigate the star formation properties of � 800 sources detected in one of the deepest radio surveys at 1.4 GHz. Our sample spans a wide redshift range (� 0.1 4) and about four orders of magnitude in star formation rate (SFR). It includes both star forming galaxies (SFGs) and active galactic nuclei (AGNs), further divided into radio-quiet and radio-loud objects. We compare the SFR derived from the far infrared luminosity, as traced by Herschel, with the SFR computed from their radio emission. We find that the radio power is a good SFR tracer not only for pure SFGs but also in the host galaxies of RQ AGNs, with no significant deviation with redshift or specific SFR. Moreover, we quantify the contribution of the starburst activity in the SFGs population and the occurrence of AGNs in sources with different level of star formation. Finally we discuss the possibility of using deep radio survey as a tool to study the cosmic star formation history.
Master-Slave Arm Heterogeneous Mapping With Link Pose Constraint in Teleoperation System

In order to solve the problem in master-slave heterogeneous teleoperation systems, which is that the inverse solution of robot cannot be achieved when the mapped wrist joint exceeds the reachable space of robot wrist joint, a master-slave heterogeneous mapping method based on link pose constraint is proposed. The link pose constraint means that the position and orientation of robot hand link are the same or similar to that of exoskeleton hand link. In the proposed method, the link pose constraint is used in an exoskeleton-based heterogeneous teleoperation system to realize consistent mapping between the exoskeleton and robot hand link inside wrist joint reachable space, and to realize effective inverse solution and consistent mapping of the end effector (EE) outside the reachable space. A simulation was performed by using the proposed method. The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively realize the mapping between the exoskeleton and robot in the reachable space of robot EE. The teleoperation experimental setup was constructed by using the developed exoskeleton and an industrial robot, and the verification experiments of the proposed mapping method were performed. The experimental results indicate that the position error of the proposed heterogeneous mapping method is 0.48 mm. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed mapping method can effectively realize master-slave heterogeneous mapping and realize continuous motion control of the teleoperation system, which satisfies the application requirements of human-robot integration, robot skill enhancement, and robot skill learning.
Machine Learning-Based Co-Expression Network Analysis Unravels Potential Fertility-Related Genes in Beef Cows

Simple Summary Female reproductive failure is still a challenge for the beef industry. Several biological processes that underlie fertility-related traits, such as the establishment of pregnancy and embryo survival, are still unclear. Increased availability of transcriptomic data has allowed a deep investigation of the potential mechanisms involved in fertility. This study investigated candidate gene biomarkers predictive of pregnancy status and underlying fertility-related networks. To this end, we integrated gene expression profiles through supervised machine learning and gene network modeling. We identified nine biologically relevant endometrial gene biomarkers that could discriminate against pregnancy status in cows. These biomarkers were co-expressed with genes critical for uterine receptivity, including endometrial tissue remodeling, focal adhesion, and embryo development. This study outlined key pathways involved with pregnancy success and provided predictive candidate biomarkers for pregnancy outcome in cows. Abstract Reproductive failure is still a challenge for beef producers and a significant cause of economic loss. The increased availability of transcriptomic data has shed light on the mechanisms modulating pregnancy success. Furthermore, new analytical tools, such as machine learning (ML), provide opportunities for data mining and uncovering new biological events that explain or predict reproductive outcomes. Herein, we identified potential biomarkers underlying pregnancy status and fertility-related networks by integrating gene expression profiles through ML and gene network modeling. We used public transcriptomic data from uterine luminal epithelial cells of cows retrospectively classified as pregnant (P, n = 25) and non-pregnant (NP, n = 18). First, we used a feature selection function from BioDiscML and identified SERPINE3, PDCD1, FNDC1, MRTFA, ARHGEF7, MEF2B, NAA16, ENSBTAG00000019474, and ENSBTAG00000054585 as candidate biomarker predictors of pregnancy status. Then, based on co-expression networks, we identified seven genes significantly rewired (gaining or losing connections) between the P and NP networks. These biomarkers were co-expressed with genes critical for uterine receptivity, including endometrial tissue remodeling, focal adhesion, and embryo development. We provided insights into the regulatory networks of fertility-related processes and demonstrated the potential of combining different analytical tools to prioritize candidate genes.
EV Scheduling in Deregulated Energy Markets

Market penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) is growing, and the growth is expected to continue for the next decades along with decentralization of the energy market. In this paper an EV charging algorithm suitable for decentralized P2P transactive energy is implemented and compared with other traditional methods to assess its performance in cost minimization. A linear segmentation of the nonlinear EV charging characteristics is also utilized to significantly reduce runtimes. Multiple EV types and real parking lot historical data are considered to mimic real-life scenarios. Case studies are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm and the results show a 16% reduction in overall charging costs, better than the closest counterpart by 4.5%. Moreover, the new algorithm’s runtimes never exceeded the 10-minute time limit and were less than 10% of the dynamic counterpart whose runtimes regularly exceeded the time limit when the number of EVs was the weekday normal.
Communicating the Scientific Consensus on Climate Change: Diverse Audiences and Effects Over Time

Prior research has demonstrated that communicating the scientific consensus that human-caused climate change is happening is an effective way to increase public understanding and engagement with the issue. However, less is known about (1) how persuasive this message is to oppositional audiences, (2) how long message effects last over time, and (3) what factors predict whether such effects last. We address these questions in a two-wave longitudinal study and find that consensus messaging leads to updated consensus beliefs across Global Warming’s Six Americas. Although consensus treatment effects decay over time, 40% of the original treatment effect remains 26 days later. Additionally, the treatment effect is most durable among people Doubtful or Dismissive of climate change. Our findings address an ongoing debate in the literature and support a Bayesian learning perspective, with little evidence of motivated reasoning.
Singapore Clinical Practice Guidelines For Sarcopenia: Screening, Diagnosis, Management and Prevention

To present the local evidence and final recommendations of the Clinical Practice Guidelines workgroup convened by the Chapter of Geriatricians and the Society for Geriatric Medicine Singapore. The aim is to develop contextualized evidence-based recommendations that facilitate adoption of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 consensus into current practice in Singapore. The workgroup drew upon the AWGS’2019 consensus, updated literature review of Singapore studies till 31 Dec 2020, and evidence from recent systematic reviews. From 40 local studies included for data extraction, we constructed evidence tables organized as: definition and epidemiology; diagnosis and evaluation; and treatment and intervention. Twenty recommendations - case-finding, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, research - were developed, and graded for strength and quality using the GRADE approach. Consensus from an expert panel(N=23) was achieved after two rounds of the modified Delphi process. The local prevalence of sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults ranged from 13.6% to 25%. Most studies adopted the AWGS’2019 and AWGS’2014 criteria. Reported case finding tools include SARC-F, calf circumference (CC) and SARC-CalF. Gender-specific AWGS cut-offs for appendicular skeletal mass were used to define low muscle mass. Different protocols and dynamometers were used to assess handgrip strength, whilst gait speed and 5-times chair stand were commonly used to assess physical performance. We conditionally recommend a case-finding approach in at-risk older adults using validated case-finding tools. Screen-positive individuals should be assessed for ‘possible sarcopenia’ and underlying causes. For diagnosis, we conditionally recommend using the AWGS’2019 algorithm, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry when necessary to determine low lean mass for a confirmatory diagnosis of sarcopenia. For treatment, we strongly recommend resistance-based exercises and conditionally recommend a quality protein-rich diet/protein supplementation, with Vitamin D supplementation for insufficiency (<30 micrograms/L). For prevention, we recommend regular resistance-based physical activity and adequate protein intake (≥1.0g/kg bodyweight). We encourage more research to address local evidence gaps.
Some cosmological implications of hidden sectors

We discuss some cosmological implications of extensions of the standard model with hidden-sector scalars coupled to the Higgs boson. We put special emphasis on the conformal case, in which the electroweak symmetry is broken radiatively with a Higgs mass above the experimental limit. Our refined analysis of the electroweak phase transition in this kind of models strengthens the prediction of a strongly first-order phase transition as required by electroweak baryogenesis. We further study gravitational wave production and the possibility of low-scale inflation as well as a viable dark matter candidate.
Übertragung einiger Sätze aus der Theorie der algebraischen Flächen auf komplexe Mannigfaltigkeiten von zwei komplexen Dimensionen.

In dieser Arbeit sollen einige Sätze der algebraischen Geometrie über Kurven auf singularitätenfreien algebraischen Flächen mit Hilfe von topologischen Methoden von H. Hopf [12], [13] und E. G. Kundert [15]*) auf kompakte komplexe Mannigfaltigkeiten von zwei komplexen Dimensionen übertragen werden (Definition der komplexen Mannigfaltigkeit z. B. in [11]). Es handelt sich um die Formel für das Geschlecht einer algebraischen Kurve auf einer algebraischen Fläche und um Formeln über die Anzahl der Kurven mit Doppelpunkt eines Kurvenbüschels. Plückersche Geschlechts formel ([18], p. 103, (13)). Eine singularitätenfreie Kurve K der Ordnung n in der komplex-projektiven Ebene hat das Geschlecht p =~ ; es ist 2 — 2p = —n + 3n. JL Wir verwenden hier die topologische Geschlechtsdefinition: K ist eine orientierte kompakte Fläche und hat als solche ein (topologisches) Geschlecht p und die Eulersche Charakteristik 2 — 2p. Hat die Kurve d Doppelpunkte und keine weiteren Singularitäten, so ist ihre Eulersche Charakteristik gleich 2 — 2p = — n* + 3n +2d. Entsprechende Formeln gelten, wenn andere Singularitäten auftreten. Bei der topologischen Geschlechtsdefinition einer Kurve K mit singulären Punkten ist so vorzugehen: K wird zu einer orientierten Fläche K*, wenn ein singulärer Punkt von K, durch den k Zweige hindurchgehen, in „natürlicherweise" als Menge von A: verschiedenen Punkten von K aufgefaßt wird. Das (topologische) Geschlecht von K* ist das Geschlecht der Kurve K. Für das Geschlecht einer Kurve auf einer (singularitätenfreien) algebraischen Fläche gelten analoge Formeln ([19], p. 34, 56, 59). Die Verallgemeinerung der Plückerschen Geschlechtsformeln auf eine kompakte analytische Fläche H (eine komplexe Dimension) in einer kompakten komplexen Mannigfaltigkeit M von zwei komplexen Dimensionen ist der Inhalt des nachstehenden Satzes (vgl. Abschnitt 2. 5 dieser Arbeit):
NGC 346: Looking in the Cradle of a Massive Star Cluster

Abstract How does a star cluster of more than few 10,000 solar masses form? We present the case of the cluster NGC 346 in the Small Magellanic Cloud, still embedded in its natal star-forming region N66, and we propose a scenario for its formation, based on observations of the rich stellar populations in the region. Young massive clusters host a high fraction of early-type stars, indicating an extremely high star formation efficiency. The Milky Way galaxy hosts several young massive clusters that fill the gap between young low-mass open clusters and old massive globular clusters. Only a handful, though, are young enough to study their formation. Moreover, the investigation of their gaseous natal environments suffers from contamination by the Galactic disk. Young massive clusters are very abundant in distant starburst and interacting galaxies, but the distance of their hosting galaxies do not also allow a detailed analysis of their formation. The Magellanic Clouds, on the other hand, host young massive clusters in a wide range of ages with the youngest being still embedded in their giant HII regions. Hubble Space Telescope imaging of such star-forming complexes provide a stellar sampling with a high dynamic range in stellar masses, allowing the detailed study of star formation at scales typical for molecular clouds. Our cluster analysis on the distribution of newly-born stars in N66 shows that star formation in the region proceeds in a clumpy hierarchical fashion, leading to the formation of both a dominant young massive cluster, hosting about half of the observed pre–main-sequence population, and a self-similar dispersed distribution of the remaining stars. We investigate the correlation between stellar surface density (and star formation rate derived from star-counts) and molecular gas surface density (derived from dust column density) in order to unravel the physical conditions that gave birth to NGC 346. A power law fit to the data yields a steep correlation between these two parameters with a considerable scatter. The fraction of stellar over the total (gas plus young stars) mass is found to be systematically higher within the central 15 pc (where the young massive cluster is located) than outside, which suggests variations in the star formation efficiency within the same star-forming complex. This trend possibly reflects a change of star formation efficiency in N66 between clustered and non-clustered star formation. Our findings suggest that the formation of NGC 346 is the combined result of star formation regulated by turbulence and of early dynamical evolution induced by the gravitational potential of the dense interstellar medium.
Notes on the bias-variance trade-off phenomenon

: The main inequality (Theorem 1) here involves the Hellinger dis- tance of a statistical model of an observation X , which imposes bounds on the mean of any estimator in terms of its variance. We use this inequality to explain some of the bias-variance trade-oﬀ phenomena studied in Doss and Sethuraman (1989) and Liu and Brown (1993). We provide some quantiﬁed results about how the reduction of bias would increase the variance of an estimator.
The strong decays of K1 resonances

We investigate the K1--> K pi pi strong interaction decays. Using the 3P0 quark-pair-creation model to derive the basic parametrization, we discuss in detail how to obtain the various partial wave amplitudes into the possible quasi-two-body decay channels as well as their relative phases from the currently available experimental data. We obtain the K1 mixing angle to be thetaK1= 60 deg, in agreement with previous works. Our study can be applied to extract the information needed for the photon polarization determination of the radiative B--> K1 gamma decay.