Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intensional Transitive Verbs

Many aspects of natural language semantics can successfully be captured within an extensional semantics, where (unary) predicates such as run denote functions from individuals to truth-values (or, equivalently, sets of individuals), and noun phrases such as John denote individuals (see, e.g., the introduction in Heim & Kratzer, 1998). One limitation of such a system is that it requires us to assume a certain state of affairs, e.g., that John is amongst the runners. But things could have been different John could have failed to be a runner. A key feature of natural language, one that arguably is crucial for much of what allows humans to talk and think about things beyond the actual here and now, is that we are able to talk about different possible states of affairs (and different times and locations). There is a variety of expressions that specifically involve such a notion, and their denotations are generally thought to involve operations on intensions, rather than mere extensions. An early version of this distinction was introduced in the work of Frege (1892), who distinguished between reference (‘Bedeutung’), corresponding to the latter, and sense (‘Sinn’), roughly corresponding to the former. The standard approach to modeling intensions in modern linguistic semantics is based on possible worlds, broadly understood as possible states of affairs or ways that things could have been. The intension of a predicate then can be seen as providing a perspective on which individuals could be, say, the runners: in one possible state of affairs, or possible world, it might have been John and Sue, in another John and Mary, and in yet another, Mary and Sue. Intensions (of predicates) then can be understood as functions from possible worlds to sets of individuals (see chapter Extension, Intension, and Content for more details). A crucial question for a semantics that aims to capture the relevant phenomena concerns the extent to which expressions involve appeal to intensions and, more specifically, what limitations, if any, there are in terms of the syntactic and semantic levels at which intensions come into play. Standard cases of expressions whose denotations crucially operate on intensions are sentence-embedding expressions such as modals (It is possible/necessary that. . . ; also see chapters in this volume on Modal concord, Epistemic Modality, Modaltemporal interactions, Graded modality, Modal subordination, and Free choice items and modal indefinites) and attitude verbs (John believes that. . . ; also see chapters in this volume on Attitude verbs and Attitude reports de dicto and de re: Ralph and the shortest spy). The present chapter is concerned with another class, namely that of intensional transitive verbs (ITVs). These are verbs that combine with a simple noun phrase object (at least on the surface), rather than a sentence or clause, but
Circulation and water renewal of Florida Bay, USA

The circulation and exchange processes controlling transport and water renewal within the western subregion of Florida Bay, USA, are presented and compared to our previous findings for the north-central and northeast subregions of the bay. We find there is a common bank/basin flow response to wind forcing that is the primary driver of water renewal for each of the regions studied. Florida Bay is a patchwork of shallow basins surrounded by very shallow banks that are cut through with deeper channels connecting to nearby basins. We observed that, for each subregion studied, there was a net downwind basin outflow through the larger channels that was approximately balanced by a net basin inflow over the surrounding shallow banks. The resulting basin through flows are used to estimate exchange times for renewal of western basin waters of approximately 1 mo. This exchange time is sufficient to prevent hypersalinity and degradation of water quality in the western basin, in contrast to the north-central subregion, where hypersalinity development is an annual occurrence. Our results highlight the importance of wind induced water renewal in shallow coastal bays with weak to moderate tidal exchange. In addition, we have discovered a significant clockwise circulation pattern through the western basins from strong inflows of coastal waters through Flamingo Channel that turn southward through the western basins before rejoining the coastal flow toward the Florida Keys tidal passages and Atlantic coastal zone. A practical solution to control hypersalinity, sea grass die-off, and water quality degradation of Florida Bay is proposed.
Research on Traffic Object 3D Pose Estimation Integrated with Prior Knowledge

Pose estimation is an important research field of computer vision, which has contributed to many domains, such as industry, medical care, education, and autonomous driving. This thesis aims to investigate the problem of pose estimation of traffic objects (i.e. traffic sign, road) from the image sequences, which can be applied in the application of unmanned vehicle technologies or traffic scenario construction. The general methods for pose estimation are often through establishing a map between input images and the pose. This thesis explores the space features of specific kinds of traffic objects. These features are utilized as constraints for pose estimation of corresponding objects. Thus, the methods are designed for specific traffic objects and details are as follows: Firstly, the homography-based method for traffic sign pose estimation is put forward . This method begins with acquiring robust feature correspondences based on homography constraints from image pairs. Then the objective function is designed to integrate the feature correspondences to optimize the parameters of the traffic sign plane in the 3D coordinate. Finally, the sign plane is utilized for attribute estimation (i.e pose estimation). In addition, we provide an extension for the raw KITTI dataset, which can be utilized for 3D tasks of traffic sign localization and pose estimation. In experiments, three state-ofthe-art methods are employed for comparisons based on the publicly available BelgiumTS and KITTI dataset. Subsequently, the 3D-2D registration method is proposed for road pose estimation. Before this method, we provide a convenient and free way to generate the 3D wire-frame road model from the Google Earth software. The 3D points from road model and the corresponding lines on the images are utilized to establish the correspondences. The registration method estimates the pose of the road model through two coarse-to-fine stages. The first stage estimates the coarse pose through exploiting the ICP to match the viewpoint and road model. The second stage utilizes the objective function to combine the point-toline correspondences for refining pose. The both quantitative and qualitative experiments prove the effectiveness and superiority by comparison with state-of-the-art methods. Finally, based on the 3D-2D registration method, we import the central line of a road to replace the wire-frame road model. Thus, a central-line based method is proposed for reconstructing the road structure and estimating the road pose simultaneously. Before this method, the parameterized road representation is achieved based on the central line of the road from the Google Earth. Meanwhile, the correspondences are established based on the central-line road model. The objective function utilizes the correspondences to estimate the width and pose of the road. The experiments on the public dataset prove the effectiveness of our method.
Evaluative performance towards coconut multispecies cropping system as mixed crop with noni (Morinda citrifolia L.), a underutilized medicinal species

The field experiment was carried out at coconut plantation AICRP on Palms, HRS Mondouri, BCKV, W.B during 2013 - 19 to study the performance of noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) as mixed crop with 26 years old coconut in a non-replicated trial. Noni plants of Seedling and Tissue cultured material were taken. Plant height (230.2cm) in seedling plant was higher than in tissue culture plant (398.23 cm) The fruit yields was also higher in tissue culture plants (9704.57 kg/ha) compared to seedling plants (8206.36 kg/ha) in the 5th year after planting. B:C ratio of Coconut and Noni from tissue culture plants was 2.41 whereas it was only 2.13 for coconut and Noni from seedling plants. Initial studies have revealed that noni can be grown in coconut plantation as mixed crop very well. This crop is an important medicinal crop this date and has potential of restoring livelihood of the farmers in W.B.
The Effect of Implementing The Suggestopedia Method on Grade Four Students’English Speaking Skills and Their Attitudes Toward it at Mayar International Schools

سعت هذه الدراسة إلى استقصاء أثر تطبيق الطريقة الإيحائية في مهارات التحدث في اللغة الإنجليزية واتجاهات طلبة الصف الرابع في مدارس ميار الدولية نحو التعلم بهذه الطريقة، وتكونت عينتها من 40 طالب في الصف الرابع الأساسي موزعين في شعبتين: المجموعة الضابطة وتكونت من (20) طالبا جرى تدريسهم باستخدام الأسلوب التقليدي، والمجموعة التجريبية التي تكونت من (20) طالبا جرى تدريسهم باستخدام الطريقة الإيحائية. واستمرت التجربة مدة 24 حصة في الفصل الثاني من السنة الدراسية 2018. واستخدم مقياس التحدث لقياس أربعه مهارات: المفردات، اللفظ، القواعد، التواصل اللفظي وغير اللفظي، وجرى استخدام مقياس الاتجاهات لقياس اتجاهات الطلبة نحو مهاره التحدث، ثم تحليل البيانات باستخدام المتوسطات الحسابية والانحرافات المعيارية وتحليل التباين لقياس الفروق الإحصائية في اتجاهات الطلبة نحو مهاره التحدث، وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن استخدام الطريقة الإيحائية قد حسنت من مستوى الطلبة في المفردات والتواصل وزادت من عدد المشاركين فيها أكثر من الطريقة التقليدية، كما أظهرت النتائج أيضا وجود أثر ذي دلاله إحصائية لاستخدام الطريقة الإيحائية في اتجاهات الطلبة نحو مهاره التحدث. واستنادا إلى النتائج، يوصي الباحثون بتضمين الطريقة الإيحائية في تدريس مهاره التحدث باللغة الإنجليزية لطلبة الصف الرابع في الأردن، كما يوصون في المستقبل بإجراء دراسات مشابهه حول أثر استخدام الطريقة الإيحائية في التفاعل الشفهي باللغة الإنجليزية في المراحل الدراسية الأخرى.
Reflecting on nostalgic, positive and novel experiences increases state Openness.

OBJECTIVE Personality change is a growing field of interest, but relatively few studies have examined causes of change in Openness. We investigated whether it is possible to influence state Openness, and through what mechanisms this effect may occur. METHOD In two experiments (Study 1: N = 144, Mage = 36.4, 58% female, 88% White; Study 2: N = 269, Mage = 34.0, 60% female, 91% White) participants reflected on and wrote about a personal experience requested to be either: nostalgic; positive and novel (Study 1); positive or novel (Study 2); or ordinary. They rated the events for nostalgia, positivity, novelty and sociality, and completed measures of state positive affect, self-esteem, social connectedness, meaning in life and state Openness. RESULTS Participants who recalled positive and/or novel events reported greater state Openness than those who recalled ordinary events. In Study 1, this also applied to those recalling nostalgic events. Event ratings of positivity (both studies), nostalgia and novelty (Study 2) independently predicted state Openness. State positive affect and self-esteem were independent predictors in both studies, suggesting possible indirect paths. CONCLUSIONS Reflecting on nostalgic, positive and novel experiences can increase state Openness. This finding may be useful for interventions targeting trait-level change.
A Time to Lead: Changes in Relational Team Leadership Processes over Time

This study analyzes how team members perceive changes in relational leadership processes over time. Interview data from three virtual teams (N = 18) were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. The findings illustrate how ideals of well-functioning leadership and teamwork communication can differ both between and within teams at different times. Team members may perceive benefits of the passage of time in teamwork, including experienced closeness, adjustment, and clarification of practices, as well as challenges such as rigidity and historical baggage. Organizations and teams may experience a shift in the ideals of leadership, but adapting to and adopting new forms of leadership over time may not be unproblematic. The findings also highlight how relational leadership is neither stable nor linear in its development. Overall, the study contributes to leadership and team research by increasing understanding of the relational construction of leadership among naturally occurring teams and by challenging assumptions about how leadership and time are perceived by team members. The implications of studying subjective time in connection with relational leadership are discussed.
Effect of bioregulators on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

A field experiment was conducted on Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during Rabi season of 2017-18 at Agronomy Farm, Department of Agronomy, Dr. P.D. K.V. , Akola to study the effect of bioregulators on growth and yield of chickpea. The experiment was laid out in FRBD with three replications and fifteen treatment combinations in each. The treatment consists of five bioregulators viz., water spray, Salicylic acid @ 50 ppm, Ethrel @ 200 ppm, Brassinosteroid @ 0.25 ppm and Nitrobenzene (20%) @ 500 ppm and three stages of application of bioregulators viz., at flower initiation, at pod formation and twice at flower initiation and pod formation stage. The result of study revealed that application of Nitrobenzene (20%) @ 500 ppm and Brassinosteroid @ 0.25 ppm remained at par and recorded higher values of all the growth characters except for root volume and root dry weight which, were not significantly influenced.
Clinical Conditions and Their Impact on Utility of Genetic Scores for Prediction of Acute Coronary Syndrome

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a clinically significant presentation of coronary heart disease. Genetic information has been proposed to improve prediction beyond well-established clinical risk factors. While polygenic scores (PS) can capture an individual’s genetic risk for ACS, its prediction performance may vary in the context of diverse correlated clinical conditions. Here, we aimed to test whether clinical conditions impact the association between PS and ACS. Methods: We explored the association between 405 clinical conditions diagnosed before baseline and 9080 incident cases of ACS in 387 832 individuals from the UK Biobank. Results were replicated in 6430 incident cases of ACS in 177 876 individuals from FinnGen. Results: We identified 80 conventional (eg, stable angina pectoris and type 2 diabetes) and unconventional (eg, diaphragmatic hernia and inguinal hernia) associations with ACS. The association between PS and ACS was consistent in individuals with and without most clinical conditions. However, a diagnosis of stable angina pectoris yielded a differential association between PS and ACS. PS was associated with a significantly reduced (interaction P=2.87×10−8) risk for ACS in individuals with stable angina pectoris (hazard ratio, 1.163 [95% CI, 1.082–1.251]) compared with individuals without stable angina pectoris (hazard ratio, 1.531 [95% CI, 1.497–1.565]). These findings were replicated in FinnGen (interaction P=1.38×10−6). Conclusions: In summary, while most clinical conditions did not impact utility of PS for prediction of ACS, we found that PS was substantially less predictive of ACS in individuals with prevalent stable coronary heart disease. PS may be more appropriate for prediction of ACS in asymptomatic individuals than symptomatic individuals with clinical suspicion for coronary heart disease.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among adults in three regions of France following the lockdown and associated risk factors: a multicohort study.

Aim To estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in May-June 2020 after the lockdown in adults living in three regions in France and to identify the associated risk factors. Methods Participants in a survey on COVID-19 from an existing consortium of three general adult population cohorts living in the Ile-de-France (IDF) or Grand Est (GE), two regions with high rate of COVID-19, or in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine (NA), with a low rate, were asked to take a dried-blood spot (DBS) for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies assessment. The primary outcome was a positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA IgG result against the spike protein of the virus (ELISA-S). The secondary outcomes were a positive ELISA IgG against the nucleocapsid protein (ELISA-NP), anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies titers >=40 (SN), and predicted positivity obtained from a multiple imputation model (MI). Prevalence estimates were adjusted using sampling weights and post-stratification methods. Findings Between May 4, 2020 and June 23, 2020, 16,000 participants were asked to provide DBS, and 14,628 were included in the analysis, 983 with a positive ELISA-S, 511 with a positive ELISA-NP, 424 with SN>=40 and 941 (Standard Deviation=31) with a positive MI. Adjusted estimates of seroprevalence (positive ELISA-S) were 10.0% (95%CI 9.1%;10.9%) in IDF, 9.0% (95%CI 7.7%; 10.2%) in GE and 3.1% (95%CI 2.4%; 3.7%), in NA. The adjusted prevalence of positive ELISA-NP, SN and MI were 5.7%, 5.0% and 10.0% in IDF, 6.0%, 4.3% and 8.6% in GE, and 0.6%, 1.3% and 2.5% in NA, respectively. A higher seroprevalence was observed in younger participants and when at least one child or adolescent lived in the same household. A lower seroprevalence was observed in smokers compared to non-smokers. Interpretation At the end of the lockdown the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG or neutralizing antibodies remained low in the French adult population, even in regions with high reported rates of COVID-19.
A COVID-19 Nursing Home Transmission Study: sequence and metadata from weekly testing in an extensive nursing home outbreak

Background This study aimed to assess the contribution of asymptomatic and presymptomatic residents and staff in SARS-CoV-2 transmission during a large outbreak in a Dutch nursing home. Methods Observational study in a 185-bed nursing home with two consecutive testing strategies: testing of symptomatic cases only, and weekly facility-wide testing of staff and residents regardless of symptoms. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal testing with RT-PCR for SARs-CoV-2 was conducted with a standardized symptom assessment. Positive samples with a cycle threshold (CT) value below 32 were selected for sequencing. Results 185 residents and 244 staff participated. Sequencing identified one cluster. In the symptom-based test strategy period 3/39 residents were presymptomatic versus 38/74 residents in the period of weekly facility-wide testing (p-value<0.001). In total, 51/59 (91.1%) of SARS-CoV-2 positive staff was symptomatic, with no difference between both testing strategies (p-value 0.763). Loss of smell and taste, sore throat, headache or myalga was hardly reported in residents compared to staff (p-value <0.001). Median Ct-value of presymptomatic residents was 21.3, which did not differ from symptomatic (20.8) or asymptomatic (20.5) residents (p-value 0.624). Conclusions The frequency of a/presymptomatic residents compared to staff suggests that a/presymptomatic residents could be unrecognized symptomatic cases. However, symptomatic and presymptomatic/unrecognized symptomatic residents both have the same potential for viral shedding. The high prevalence symptomatic staff found in facility-wide testing suggests that staff has difficulty attributing their symptoms to possible SARS-CoV-2 infection. Weekly testing was an effective strategy for early identification of SARS-Cov-2 cases, resulting in fast isolation and mitigation of this outbreak.
CLINICALLY DISTINCT COVID-19 CASES SHARE STRIKINGLY SIMILAR IMMUNE RESPONSE PROGRESSION: A FOLLOW-UP ANALYSIS

Inflammatory responses to the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, range from asymptomatic to severe. Here we present a follow-up analysis of a longitudinal study characterizing COVID-19 immune responses from a father and son with distinctly different clinical courses. The father required a lengthy hospital stay for severe symptoms, whereas his son had mild symptoms and no fever yet tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 for 29 days. Father and son, as well as another unrelated COVID-19 patient, displayed a robust increase of SERPING1, the transcript encoding C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH). We further bolstered this finding by incorporating a serum proteomics dataset and found that serum C1-INH was consistently increased in COVID-19 patients. C1-INH is a central regulator of the contact and complement systems, potentially linking COVID-19 to complement hyperactivation, fibrin clot formation, and immune depression. Furthermore, despite distinct clinical cases, significant parallels were observed in transcripts involved interferon and B cell signaling. As symptoms were resolving, widespread decreases were seen in immune-related transcripts to levels below those of healthy controls. Our study provides insight into the immune responses of likely millions of people with extremely mild symptoms who may not be aware of their infection with SARS-CoV-2 and implies a potential for long-lasting consequences that could contribute to reinfection risk.
Nutrient composition of ghee residue

An experiment was conducted to analyze the chemical and nutritive value of the ghee residues and the complete analysis revealed the moisture, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, nitrogen free extract and total ash contents of ghee residue were 12.10, 19.86, 3.49, 47.12, 25.63 and 3.90 per cent, respectively. Fatty acid profile of ghee residue revealed that the palmitic acid registered the highest percentage (38.88) among saturated fatty acids and the oleic acid accounted for the highest percentage (25.15) among unsaturated fatty acids. Linoleic, linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and decosahexaenoic acid content of ghee residue were 2.02, 0.79, 0.36 and 0.25 per cent respectively. Amino acid profile of ghee residue revealed that the lysine and methionine, content were 0.99 and 0.61 per cent, respectively. Threonine and arginine levels are found to be at 1.44 and 0.76 per cent, respectively. The glutamic acid recorded the highest percentage (5.26), while cystine registered the lowest percentage (0.35) among amino acids in ghee residue. Thus, it could be concluded that ghee residue is a rich source of fat, protein, unsaturated fatty acids and amino acids. Further, experiments needed to find the inclusion level and digestibility in poultry/other monogastric animals.