Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The halo bispectrum in N-body simulations with non-Gaussian initial conditions: The halo bispectrum and non-Gaussian initial conditions

We present measurements of the bispectrum of dark matter haloes in numerical simulations with non-Gaussian initial conditions of local type. We show, in the ﬁrst place, that the overall effect of primordial non-Gaussianity on the halo bispectrum is larger than on the halo power spectrum when all measurable conﬁgurations are taken into account. We then compare our measurements with a tree-level perturbative prediction, ﬁnding good agreement at large scales when the constant Gaussian bias parameter, both linear and quadratic, and their constant non-Gaussian corrections are ﬁtted for. The best-ﬁtting values of the Gaussian bias factors and their non-Gaussian, scale-independent corrections are in qualitative agreement with the peak-background split expectations. In particular, we show that the effect of non-Gaussian initial conditions on squeezed conﬁgurations is fairly large (up to 30 per cent for f NL = 100 at redshift z = 0.5) and results from contributions of similar amplitude induced by the initial matter bispectrum, scale-dependent bias corrections as well as from non-linear matter bispectrum corrections. We show, in addition, that effects at second order in f NL are irrelevant for the range of values allowed by cosmic microwave background and galaxy power spectrum measurements, at least on the scales probed by our simulations ( k > 0.01 h Mpc − 1 ). Finally, we present a Fisher matrix analysis to assess the possibility of constraining primordial non-Gaussianity with future measurements of the galaxy bispectrum. We ﬁnd that a survey with a volume of about 10 h − 3 Gpc 3 at mean redshift z (cid:2) 1 could provide an error on f NL of the order of a few. This shows the relevance of a joint analysis of galaxy power spectrum and bispectrum in future redshift surveys.
Possible evidence of the radio AGN quenching of neighbouring galaxies atz∼ 1

Using 57 Radio Active Galactic nuclei (RAGN) at 0.55 $\leq$ z $\leq$ 1.3 drawn from five fields of the Observations of Redshift Evolution in Large Scale Environments (ORELSE) survey, we study the effect of injection of energy from outbursts of RAGN on their spectroscopically-confirmed neighboring galaxies (SNGs). We observe an elevated fraction of quenched neighbors (fq) within 500 kpc projected radius of RAGN in the most dense local environments compared to those of non-RAGN control samples matched to the RAGN population in colour, stellar mass, and local environment at 2$\sigma$ significance. Further analyses show that there are offsets at similar significance between fqs of RAGN-SNGs and the appropriate control samples for galaxies specifically in cluster environments and those hosted by most massive cluster galaxies, which tentatively suggests that some negative feedback from the RAGN is occurring in these dense environments. In addition, we find that the median radio power of RAGN increases with increasing local overdensity, an effect which may lend itself to the quenching of neighboring galaxies. Furthermore, we find that, in the highest local overdensities, the fq of the sub-sample of lower stellar mass RAGN-SNGs is larger than that of the higher stellar mass RAGN-SNGs sub-sample, which indicates a more pronounced effect from RAGN on lower stellar mass galaxies. We propose a scenario in which RAGN residing within clusters might heat the intracluster medium (ICM) affecting both in situ star formation and any inflowing gas that remains in their neighboring galaxies.
Further constraining galaxy evolution models through the size function of SDSS early-type galaxies

We discuss how the effective radius R e function (ERF) recently worked out by Bernardi et al. represents a new testbed to improve the current understanding of semi-analytic models of galaxy formation. In particular, we show here that a detailed hierarchical model of structure formation can broadly reproduce the correct peak in the size distribution of local early-type galaxies, although it significantly overpredicts the number of very compact and very large galaxies. This in turn is reflected in the predicted size-mass relation, much flatter than the observed one, due to too large (≳3 kpc) low-mass galaxies (<10 11 M ⊙ ), and to a non-negligible fraction of compact (≲0.5-1 kpc) and massive galaxies (≳10 11 M ⊙ ). We also find that the latter discrepancy is smaller than previously claimed, and limited to only ultra-compact (R e ≲ 0.5 kpc) galaxies when considering elliptical-dominated samples. We explore several causes behind these effects. We conclude that the former problem might be linked to the initial conditions, given that large and low-mass galaxies are present at all epochs in the model. The survival of compact and massive galaxies might instead be linked to their very old ages and peculiar merger histories. Overall, knowledge of the galactic stellar mass and size distributions allows a better understanding of where and how to improve models.
Neural Detection of Cross-lingual Syntactic Knowledge

In recent years, there has been prominent development in pre-trained multilingual language models, such as mBERT, XLM-R, etc., which are able to capture and learn linguistic knowledge from input across a variety of languages simultaneously. However, little is known about where multilingual models localise what they have learnt across languages. In this paper, we specifically evaluate cross-lingual syntactic information embedded in CINO, a more recent multilingual pre-trained language model. We probe CINO on Universal Dependencies treebank datasets of English and Chinese Mandarin for two syntax-related layer-wise evaluation tasks: Part-of-Speech Tagging at token level and Syntax Tree-depth Prediction at sentence level. The results of our layer-wise probing experiments show that token-level syntax is localisable in higher layers and consistency is shown across the typologically different languages, whereas sentence-level syntax is distributed across the layers in typology-specific and universal manners.
Klein-Gordon Representation of Acoustic Waves and Topological Origin of Surface Acoustic Modes.

Recently, it was shown that surface electromagnetic waves at interfaces between continuous homogeneous media (e.g., surface plasmon-polaritons at metal-dielectric interfaces) have a topological origin [K. Y. Bliokh et al., Nat. Commun. 10, 580 (2019)NCAOBW2041-172310.1038/s41467-019-08397-6]. This is explained by the nontrivial topology of the non-Hermitian photon helicity operator in the Weyl-like representation of Maxwell equations. Here we analyze another type of classical waves: longitudinal acoustic waves corresponding to spinless phonons. We show that surface acoustic waves, which appear at interfaces between media with opposite-sign densities, can be explained by similar topological features and the bulk-boundary correspondence. However, in contrast to photons, the topological properties of sound waves originate from the non-Hermitian four-momentum operator in the Klein-Gordon representation of acoustic fields.
Update in Childhood Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in childhood represents only 3% of newly diagnosed pediatric leukemia. The diagnostic hallmark of CML is the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, which derives from the fusion of the ABL1-oncogene located on chromosome 9 to the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) gene on chromosome 22, resulting in a constitutively dysregulated ABL1 tyrosine kinase, either as 210 kDa or 190 kDa. Depending on the localization of the breakpoint site within the major BCR region, the majority of CML patients exhibit transcripts with either the b3a2 or b2a2 junction, or both. Several questions are still open with regard to childhood CML, especially concerning the biologic and clinical features of the disease, and the treatment of choice for pediatric patients with CML. Moreover, over the last few years, several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been available for children and adolescents with CML, and current clinical practice investigates what the effective and optimal doses of TKIs are in these two categories of patients. The use of TKIs in pediatric patients with CML has also opened up questions on the following items: (1) the long-term effects of these drugs on children; (2) the management of pediatric CML forms resistant or intolerant to TKIs; (3) the monitoring of disease outcomes during treatment; (4) and the right timing to discontinue therapy. Despite the efficacy of TKIs also in the pediatric population, the potential late adverse effects, and the drug resistance, leave open the possibility of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a treatment option in pediatric CML. Published data and personal experiences regarding these issues will be analyzed and discussed.
Mg line formation in late-type stellar atmospheres: II. Calculations in a grid of 1D models

Mg is the alpha element of choice for Galactic population and chemical evolution studies as it is easily detectable in all late-type stars. Such studies require precise elemental abundances, and thus departures from LTE need to be accounted for. Our goal is to provide reliable departure coefficients and equivalent widths in non-LTE, and for reference in LTE, for diagnostic lines of Mg studied in late-type stars. These can be used e.g., to correct LTE spectra and abundances. Using the model atom built and tested in the preceding paper in this series, we performed non-LTE radiative transfer calculations in a grid of 3945 stellar 1D atmospheric models. We used a sub-grid of 86 models to explore the propagation of errors in the recent atomic collision calculations to the radiative transfer results. We obtained departure coefficients for all the levels and equivalent widths (in LTE and non-LTE) for all the radiative transitions included in the "final" model atom of Osorio et al. We present and describe our results and show some examples of applications of the data. The errors due to uncertainties in the collisional data are investigated and tabulated. The results for equivalent widths and departure coefficients are made freely available. Giants tend to have negative abundance corrections while dwarfs have positive, though small, corrections. Error analysis results show that uncertainties related to the atomic collision data are typically of order 0.01 dex or less, although for few stellar models in specific lines uncertainties can be as large as 0.03 dex. As these errors are less than or of the same order as typical corrections, we expect that we can use these results to extract Mg abundances from high quality spectra more reliably than from classical LTE analysis.
Droplet spreading on rough surfaces: Tackling the contact line boundary condition

The complicated dynamics of the contact line of a moving droplet on a solid substrate often hamper the efficient modeling of microfluidic systems. In particular, the selection of the effective boundary conditions, specifying the contact line motion, is a controversial issue since the microscopic physics that gives rise to this displacement is still unknown. Here, a sharp interface, continuum-level, novel modeling approach, accounting for liquid/solid micro-scale interactions assembled in a disjoining pressure term, is presented. By following a unified conception (the model applies both to the liquid/solid and the liquid/ambient interfaces), the friction forces at the contact line, as well as the dynamic contact angle are derived implicitly as a result of the disjoining pressure and viscous effects interplay in the vicinity of the substrate’s intrinsic roughness. Previous hydrodynamic model limitations, of imposing the contact line boundary condition to an unknown number and reconfigurable contact lines, when modeling the spreading dynamics on textured substrates, are now overcome. The validity of our approach is tested against experimental data of a droplet impacting on a horizontal solid surface. The study of the early spreading stage on hierarchically structured and chemically patterned solid substrates reveal an inertial regime where the contact radius grows according to a universal power law, perfectly agreeing with recently published experimental findings.
Parents Involvement in Social Interaction Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Review

Two basic characteristics characterize autism spectrum disorder: a difficulty in social communication and the prevalence of repetitive activities and/or restricted interests. The most frequently cited explanation for insufficient social contact or skill development is a lack of social cognition. Numerous interventions have been utilized to help children with this issue, including social storytelling, scheduled physical exercise programs, and peer-mediated intervention. Typically, interventions are performed in a clinical setting by experts such as occupational thera pists. However, research indicates that parents’ involvement has a significant contribution to helping children to improve their children's social interactions and skills, particularly those with an autistic spectrum disorder. Thus, this study emphasizes social interaction intervention, its benefits, and the involvement of parents in social interaction intervention with autistic children. According to the previous research, early learning experiences through early intervention with the social contract approach significantly enhance development progress among ASD Children. Autistic children's behavior may improve with parental involvement in the intervention, and it may also reduce parenting stress because of improved behavior.
Pollen classification using a single particle fluorescence spectroscopy technique

Abstract Most methods of classifying airborne pollen are labor-intensive and prohibitively expensive, which limits the scales at which predictions about ambient allergy conditions can be provided. A spectroscopic technique was developed toward inexpensively providing information about important pollen groups. The technique uses a single-particle fluorescence spectrometer to analyze super-micron atmospheric bioparticles, e.g., pollen and fungal spores, collected onto a substrate. Thirty-four pollen species were sampled from plants at the Denver Botanic Gardens over one year. Particle size and fluorescence emission spectra following excitation from each of four optical sources were collected for each of 916 particles as a first application to freshly collected pollen. Subsequently, a random forest (RF) algorithm was used to classify individual particles, with three key observations. First, categorizing pollen samples into broader categories (sampling month, allergenicity level, or plant type) increased the relative classification accuracy (F value) somewhat, compared to the classification to pollen species. Second, excitation wavelengths most important for classification were identified. Third, comparison of fresh and commercially available pollen of the same species suggests that differences introduced by chemical processing can alter spectroscopic properties and could impact classification. The scope of analysis and particle statistics was limited, because sample collection and spectral analysis were each conducted manually. While particle numbers were too low to extrapolate results toward continuous analysis, results suggest that rough separation of fresh pollen samples is possible using only fluorescence and particle size. The comparison of results may thus be useful to others developing spectroscopic techniques to analyze bioparticles. Copyright © 2022 American Association for Aerosol Research Graphical Abstract
Soft symmetry improvement of two particle irreducible effective actions

Two particle irreducible effective actions (2PIEAs) are valuable nonperturbative techniques in quantum field theory; however, finite truncations of them violate the Ward identities (WIs) of theories with spontaneously broken symmetries. The symmetry improvement (SI) method of Pilaftsis and Teresi attempts to overcome this by imposing the WIs as constraints on the solution; however, the method suffers from the nonexistence of solutions in linear response theory and in certain truncations in equilibrium. Motivated by this, we introduce a new method called soft-symmetry improvement (SSI) which relaxes the constraint. Violations of WIs are allowed but punished in a least-squares implementation of the symmetry improvement idea. A new parameter ξ controls the strength of the constraint. The method interpolates between the unimproved (ξ→∞) and SI (ξ→0) cases, and the hope is that practically useful solutions can be found for finite ξ. We study the SSI 2PIEA for a scalar O(N) model in the Hartree-Fock approximation. We find that the method is IR sensitive; the system must be formulated in finite volume V and temperature T=β^{−1}, and the Vβ→∞ limit must be taken carefully. Three distinct limits exist. Two are equivalent to the unimproved 2PIEA and SI 2PIEA respectively, and the third is a new limit where the WI is satisfied but the phase transition is strongly first order and solutions can fail to exist depending on ξ. Further, these limits are disconnected from each other; there is no smooth way to interpolate from one to another. These results suggest that any potential advantages of SSI methods, and indeed any application of (S)SI methods out of equilibrium, must occur in finite volume.
Failure patterns caused by localized rise in pore‐fluid overpressure and effective strength of rocks

In order to better understand the interaction between pore‐fluid overpressure and failure patterns in rocks we consider a porous elasto‐plastic medium in which a laterally localized overpressure line source is imposed at depth below the free surface. We solve numerically the fluid filtration equation coupled to the gravitational force balance and poro‐elasto‐plastic rheology equations. Systematic numerical simulations, varying initial stress, intrinsic material properties and geometry, show the existence of five distinct failure patterns caused by either shear banding or tensile fracturing. The value of the critical pore‐fluid overpressure pc at the onset of failure is derived from an analytical solution that is in excellent agreement with numerical simulations. Finally, we construct a phase‐diagram that predicts the domains of the different failure patterns and pc at the onset of failure.
The current density in quantum electrodynamics in time-dependent external potentials and the Schwinger effect

In the framework of quantum electrodynamics (QED) in external potentials, we introduce a method to compute the time-dependence of the expectation value of the current density for time-dependent homogeneous external electric fields. We apply it to the so-called Sauter pulse. For late times, our results agree with the asymptotic value due to electron-positron pair production. We correct a general expression derived by Serber for the expectation value of the current, linearized in the external field, and compare with our results for the Sauter pulse. Based on the properties of the current density, we argue that the appearance of enhanced quasi-particle densities at intermediate times in slowly varying sub-critical potentials is generic. Also an alternative approach, which circumvents these difficulties, is sketched.
Nanoparticles Containing Tamarind Isolate Protein Potentiate the Satiety without Promoting the Anti-Inflammatory Effect in a Preclinical Model of Diet-Induced Obesity

The study aimed to evaluate the nanoparticles (ECW) containing tamarind trypsin inhibitor (TTI) concerning the storage effect under different conditions on antitrypsin activity and the bioactive potential in a preclinical model. ECW was exposed to different pH and temperatures to evaluate the interaction between TTI and its encapsulating agents, monitored by antitrypsin activity. Wistar rats (n = 25) with obesity induced by diet were divided into groups: untreated; treatment with nutritionally adequate diet; treatment with nutritionally adequate diet and ECW/12.5 mg/kg; treatment with ECW/12.5 mg/kg; and treatment with TTI/25 mg/kg. The groups were evaluated over ten days with regards to satiety, zoometric, biochemical, and inflammatory parameters, using ten times less TTI (2.5 mg/kg) contained in ECW. TTI was protected and encapsulated in ECW without showing residual inhibitory activity. Only at gastric pH did ECW show antitrypsin activity. At different temperatures, it showed high antitrypsin activity, similar to TTI. The animals treated with ECW had significantly reduced body weight variation (p < 0.05), and only TTI treatment reduced the inflammatory parameters significantly (p < 0.05). The study showed that by using lower concentrations of TTI in ECW it was possible to perceive promising effects with perspectives of use in functional products for managing obesity and its complications.
Wheat Germ Oil and Propolis Decrease Parasite Burden and Restore Marked Histopathological Changes in Liver and Lung in Mice with Chronic Toxoplasmosis

Simple Summary Toxoplasmosis is a major parasitic zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution. It has a wide range of reservoirs and can result in abortion and permanent congenital anomalies in fetuses. Several studies have reported an alarming increase in parasite resistance to available drugs, making treatment of infection a major challenge, especially in the chronic stage of the disease. The present study investigated the antiparasitic effect of wheat germ oil and propolis on the chronic stage of Toxoplasma gondii in experimentally infected mice. The parasitological load in the liver and lungs of treated animals was quantified and compared with positive control animals by parasitological methods and molecular techniques. Histopathological changes as a result of infection were also investigated. The results demonstrate promising ameliorative effects of the combination of wheat germ oil and propolis against parasite burden and restoration of histopathological lesions in the liver and lungs during chronic toxoplasmosis infection. Abstract Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution. Its effects can be critical in immunocompromised patients. However, there is a limited availability of effective, low-toxicity drugs against this disease, particularly in its chronic form. The present study evaluated the effect of propolis and wheat germ oil (WGO) as safe, natural products to reduce Toxoplasma cysts in experimentally infected mice. For the experiment, five groups (10 mice per group) were examined: Group 1: negative control (noninfected, nontreated); Group 2: positive control (infected, nontreated); Group 3: infected and treated with WGO at a dose of 0.2 mg/1.5 mL per kg body weight/day; Group 4: infected and treated with 0.1 mL propolis extract/day; and Group 5: infected and treated with a combination of WGO and propolis at the same doses as Group 3 and 4. After the mice were sacrificed, liver and lung specimens underwent histopathological examination, and the parasite burden was investigated by parasitological methods and quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Notably, the results showed a substantial decrease in parasitic burden in Group 5 compared to the control group. These results were further confirmed by molecular analysis and quantification of the DNA concentration of the Toxoplasma P29 gene after treatment in all tested samples. Furthermore, the combination of propolis and WGO restored all histopathological changes in the liver and lungs. Taken together, these findings provide remarkably promising evidence of the effects of the combination of WGO and propolis against chronic toxoplasmosis in mice.