Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can Text Messages Identify Suicide Risk in Real Time? A Within-Subjects Pilot Examination of Temporally Sensitive Markers of Suicide Risk

Objective tools to assess suicide risk are needed to determine when someone is at imminent risk. In this pilot laboratory investigation, we used a within-subjects design to identify patterns in text messaging (short message service) unique to high-risk periods preceding suicide attempts. Individuals reporting a history of suicide attempt (N = 33) retrospectively identified past attempts and periods of lower risk (e.g., suicide ideation). Language analysis software scored 189,478 text messages to capture three psychological constructs: self-focus, sentiment, and social engagement. Mixed-effects models tested whether these constructs differed in general (means) and over time (slopes) 2 weeks before a suicide attempt relative to lower-risk periods. Regarding mean differences, no language features uniquely differentiated suicide attempts from other episodes. However, when examining patterns over time, anger increased and positive emotion decreased to a greater extent as participants approached a suicide attempt. Results suggest private electronic communication has the potential to provide real-time digital markers of suicide risk.
Motivations to quit smoking and challenges faced during cessation among individuals with first episode psychosis in Singapore

The prevalence of smoking has been noted to be higher among individuals with mental illness, particularly among those with schizophrenia and related psychosis than in the general population. The present paper sought to examine the motivations and challenges to quit smoking among first episode psychosis patients (N = 281) enrolled in the Early Psychosis Intervention Programme (EPIP) in Singapore.
The Genome and mRNA Transcriptome of the Cosmopolitan Calanoid Copepod Acartia tonsa Dana Improve the Understanding of Copepod Genome Size Evolution

Members of the crustacean subclass Copepoda are likely the most abundant metazoans worldwide. Pelagic marine species are critical in converting planktonic microalgae to animal biomass, supporting oceanic food webs. Despite their abundance and ecological importance, only five copepod genomes are publicly available, owing to a number of factors including large genome size, repetitiveness, GC-content, and small animal size. Here, we report the sixth representative copepod genome and the first genome and transcriptome from the calanoid copepod species Acartia tonsa Dana, which is among the most numerous mesozooplankton in boreal coastal and estuarine waters. The ecology, physiology and behavior of A. tonsa has been studied extensively. The genetic resources contributed in this work will allow researchers to link experimental results to molecular mechanisms. From PCRfree WGS and mRNA Illumina data, we assemble the largest copepod genome to date. We estimate A. tonsa has a total genome size of 2.5 Gb including repetitive elements we could not resolve. The non-repetitive fraction of the genome assembly is estimated to be 566Mb. Our DNA sequencing-based analyses suggest there is a 14-fold difference in genome size between the six members of Copepoda with available genomic information through NCBI. This finding complements nucleus staining genome size estimations, where 100-fold difference has been reported within 70 species. We briefly analyze the repeat structure in the existing copepod WGS datasets. The information presented here confirms the evolution of genome size in Copepoda and expands the scope for evolutionary inferences in Copepoda by providing several levels of genetic information from a key planktonic crustacean species.
The Concept of Human Personality Al-Ghazali and Sigmund Freud in Counseling Perspectives

The counseling perspective has a role in providing a personality description that feels needs attention in counseling. Personality, according to two figures in the science of counseling, the concept of personality formulated by Al-Ghazali and Sigmund Freud has suitability as well as facilitating or contributing personality theories to counseling that makes justification when the counseling process. The design of this study is an analytic design aimed at testing hypotheses and carrying out a more in-depth interpretation of a relationship of conformity in content and data. The difference in human concepts, according to Al-Ghazali and Sigmund Freud, lies in the workings of the three terms of human personality. Al-Ghazali explained that the dimension of the nafs is a level that has the potential that every human being will be in it. Whereas the concept of the structure of the human personality that has been explained according to Freud, that is, the three systems are interrelated and controlled by the ego as a controller for deciding a human behavior and personality.
Population pharmacokinetics model and initial dose optimization of tacrolimus in children and adolescents with lupus nephritis based on real-world data

The present study aimed to establish a population pharmacokinetics model of tacrolimus and further optimize the initial dosing regimen of tacrolimus in pediatric and adolescent patients with lupus nephritis (LN). Pediatric and adolescent patients with LN were recruited between August 2014 and September 2019 at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University (Shanghai, China). Relevant information was used to set up a population pharmacokinetics model with a Nonlinear Mixed Effect Model and the initial dosage regimen was simulated with the Monte Carlo method. Body weight and co-administration of wuzhi capsule were indicated to influence tacrolimus clearance in pediatric and adolescent patients with LN, and at the same body weight, the rate of tacrolimus clearance in patients without vs. with co-administration of wuzhi capsule was 1:0.71. In addition, in patients who were not administered wuzhi capsule, an initial dosage regimen of 0.15 mg/kg/day was recommended for a body weight of 10-23 kg and 0.10 mg/kg/day for 23-60 kg; in patients who were administered wuzhi capsule, an initial dosage regimen of 0.10 mg/kg/day was recommended for a body weight of 10-23 kg and 0.05 mg/kg/day for 23-60 kg. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to establish a population pharmacokinetics model of tacrolimus in order to determine the optimal initial dosage regimen of tacrolimus in pediatric and adolescent patients with LN.
Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquine Accelerate Recovery of Outpatients with Mild/Moderate COVID-19

Aims: The challenge regarding COVID-19 is to prevent complications and fatal evolution. Azithromycin (AZM) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have proven their antiviral effect in vitro. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of AZM alone or combined to HCQ, prescribed, at an early stage, in patients with Covid-19, in a primary care setting. Study Design: Retrospective observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Patients have been followed by private practitioners in France, between March and April 2020. Methodology: Eighty-eight patients received either no or a symptomatic treatment (NST) (n=34) or AZM alone (n=34) or AZM+HCQ (n=20). The efficacy end point was the time to clinical recovery and the safety end point was the occurrence of cardiovascular events. To improve the evidence level, a case-control analysis was performed on a sample of 57 patients (19/group) matched for age, sex and BMI. Results: The mean (SD) times to achieve clinical recovery were respectively 25.8 days (11.1), 12.9 days (13.4) and 9.2 days (9.3), showing a statistically significant difference between NST and AZM alone (p<0.0001) or AZM+HCQ (p<0.0001). The statistical difference between NST and AZM was confirmed (p=0.0149) as well as the difference with AZM+HCQ (p=0.0002). No cardiac toxicity was recorded in any patient. No statistical difference was shown between AZM and AZM+HCQ groups, although the dual therapy tended to be more effective in patients over 50 years, based on an analysis using the cox model. Conclusion: AZM and AZM+HCQ favourably impacted the course of the disease. We need trials, ideally prospective/double blind, to show if a statistical difference can be evidenced with a broader group, and clarify the indications of each treatment depending on initial clinical presentation.
Orphan disease status of cancer cachexia in the USA and in the European Union: a systematic review

Cachexia has significant impact on the patients' quality of life and prognosis. It is frequently observed in patients with cancer, especially in advanced stages, but prevalence data for the overall population are lacking. Good quality estimates of cancer cachexia in general and for each of the major cancer types would be highly relevant for potential treatment development efforts in this field. Both the USA and European Union (EU) have implemented special clinical development rules for such rare disorders what are called ‘orphan diseases’. The cut‐off level for a disease to be considered an orphan disease in the USA is 200 000 people (0.06% of the population) and EU is 5 per 10 000 people (0.05% of the population).
Systematic review of rectal stump management during and after emergency total colectomy for acute severe ulcerative colitis

There is no consensus about the optimal management of the rectal stump after an emergency subtotal colectomy in patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC). The aim was to perform a systematic review of the published literature on the surgical and medical management of the rectal stump after an emergency (sub) total colectomy in patients with ASUC.
The role of gut microbiota in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease

This paper describes the effects of the gut microbiota on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's pathology by evaluating the current original key findings and identifying gaps in the knowledge required for validation. The diversity of the gut microbiota declines in the elderly and in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Restoring the diversity with probiotic treatment alleviates the psychiatric and histopathological findings. This presents a problem: How does gut microbiota interact with the pathogenesis of AD? The starting point of this comprehensive review is addressing the role of bacterial metabolites and neurotransmitters in the brain under various conditions, ranging from a healthy state to ageing and disease. In the light of current literature, we describe three different linkages between the present gut microbiome hypothesis and the other major theories for the pathogenesis of AD as follows: bacterial metabolites and amyloids can trigger central nervous system inflammation and cerebrovascular degeneration; impaired gut microbiome flora inhibits the autophagy‐mediated protein clearance process; and gut microbiomes can change the neurotransmitter levels in the brain through the vagal afferent fibres.
Integration of AlN piezoelectric thin films on ultralow fatigue TiNiCu shape memory alloys

Biomagnetic field sensors based on AlN/FeCoSiB magnetoelectric (ME) composites desire a resonant frequency that can be precisely tuned to match the biomagnetic signal of interest. A tunable mechanical resonant frequency is achieved when ME composites are integrated onto shape memory alloy (SMA) thin films. Here, high-quality c -axis growth of AlN is obtained on (111) Pt seed layers on both amorphous and crystallized TiNiCu SMA thin films on Si substrates. These composites show large piezoelectric coefficients as high as d _33,f = 6.4 pm/V ± 0.2 pm/V. Annealing the AlN/Pt/Ta/amorphous TiNiCu/Si composites to 700 °C to crystallize TiNiCu promoted interdiffusion of Ti into the Ta/Pt layers, leading to an enhanced conductivity in AlN. Depositing AlN onto already crystalline TiNiCu films with low surface roughness resulted in the best piezoelectric films and hence is found to be a more desirable processing route for ME composite applications.
First-career and second-career nurses’ experiences of stress, presenteeism and burn-out during transition to practice

Commentary on : Rainbow JG, Steege LM. Transition to practice experiences of first and second career nurses: a mixed method study. J Clin Nurs 2018;00:1-12. There is very little research studying the experiences of traditional graduate nurses (TGNs) and secondary career graduate nurses (SCGNs) during the professional role transition to practice. Knowing more of their experiences will provide insight about the challenges facing them. Therefore, this study compared first-career and second-career nurses’ experiences of stress and coping, presenteeism and burn-out during transition …
TEACHING STRATEGIES USED IN CIVIC EDUCATION LESSONS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ZAMBIA

This study sought to investigate the teaching strategies used in Civic Education lessons in secondary schools in Zambia. The study used a descriptive case study design and data was collected using interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and observations. Purposive sampling procedure was used to target seventy-four participants. Data collected was analysed using themes that emerged from the literature review and objectives of the study. The main findings of the study were that teachers in secondary schools still used teacher-centred strategies in the teaching of Civic Education despite policy direction in the Zambia Education Curriculum of 2013. Lecture method was common most Civic Education lessons. A few who implemented reflective practice strategies in their lessons used debate, group discussions and brainstorming. Based on the findings, social sciences departments where Civic Education sits in secondary schools in Zambia should find mechanisms of observing reflective practice strategy in the teaching of Civic Education rather than just seeing lesson plans. The Ministry of General Education should take a deliberate move to provide workshops/short courses to Civic Education teachers on the importance and use of reflective practice strategy in Civic Education lessons. Further, Curriculum Development Centre (CDC) and Examination Council of Zambia (ECZ) should collaborate and re-design the Civic Education Syllabus and give it a practical project since the subject is practical in nature. There is need in future to assess the training of Civic Education teachers with regards to training for reflective practice strategy.
Anti-Vaccination Beliefs and Unrelated Conspiracy Theories

Much recent literature has examined the correlates of anti-vaccination beliefs, without specifying the mechanism that creates adherence to these debunked ideas. We posit that anti-vaccination beliefs are an outcome of a general psychological propensity to believe in conspiracies based on new research on the interconnectedness of conspiracy beliefs. These ideas are tested with a confirmatory factor analysis and a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model of a nationally representative U.S. sample from the 2016 American National Election Studies. The confirmatory factor analysis shows that anti-vaccination beliefs highly correlate with belief in the unrelated conspiracies that Obama is a Muslim and 9/11 trutherism. Our SUR models also show that all three of these very different beliefs have similar predictors. All three have a negative correlation with political trust, political knowledge, education, and a positive correlation with authoritarianism. Thus, anti-vaccination beliefs are shown to be part of a psychological propensity to believe in conspiracies.
Enhanced recovery after surgery for liver resection.

INTRODUCTION Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) reduces postoperative length of hospital stay and patient stress response to liver surgery. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of an ERAS programme for liver resection. METHODS A multidisciplinary ERAS protocol was implemented for both open and laparoscopic liver resection in a tertiary hospital in Hong Kong. The clinical outcomes of patients who underwent liver resection and underwent the ERAS perioperative programme were compared with those who received a conventional perioperative programme between September 2015 and July 2016. Propensity score matching analysis was used to minimise background differences. RESULTS A total of 20 patients who underwent liver resection were recruited to the ERAS programme. Their clinical outcomes were compared with another 20 patients who received hepatectomy under a conventional perioperative programme after propensity score matching. The ERAS programme was associated with a significantly shorter length of hospital stay (P=0.033) without an increase in complication rates in patients who underwent open liver resection. There was no such significant association in patients who underwent laparoscopic liver resection. No patients required readmission in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS The ERAS perioperative programme for liver resection is safe and feasible. It significantly shortened the hospital stay after open liver resection but not after laparoscopic liver resection.
Setting boundaries for genome-wide heterochromatic DNA deletions through flanking inverted repeats in Tetrahymena thermophila

Abstract Eukaryotic cells pack their genomic DNA into euchromatin and heterochromatin. Boundaries between these domains have been shown to be set by boundary elements. In Tetrahymena, heterochromatin domains are targeted for deletion from the somatic nuclei through a sophisticated programmed DNA rearrangement mechanism, resulting in the elimination of 34% of the germline genome in ∼10,000 dispersed segments. Here we showed that most of these deletions occur consistently with very limited variations in their boundaries among inbred lines. We identified several potential flanking regulatory sequences, each associated with a subset of deletions, using a genome-wide motif finding approach. These flanking sequences are inverted repeats with the copies located at nearly identical distances from the opposite ends of the deleted regions, suggesting potential roles in boundary determination. By removing and testing two such inverted repeats in vivo, we found that the ability for boundary maintenance of the associated deletion were lost. Furthermore, we analyzed the deletion boundaries in mutants of a known boundary-determining protein, Lia3p and found that the subset of deletions that are affected by LIA3 knockout contained common features of flanking regulatory sequences. This study suggests a common mechanism for setting deletion boundaries by flanking inverted repeats in Tetrahymena thermophila.
Numerical investigation of avulsions in gravel‐bed braided rivers

Gravel‐bed braided rivers are highly energetic fluvial systems characterized by frequent in‐channel avulsions, which govern the morphodynamics of such rivers and are essential for them to maintain a braided planform. However, the avulsion mechanisms within natural braided rivers remain unclear due to their complicated hydraulic and morphodynamic processes. Influenced by neighbouring channels, avulsions in braided rivers may differ from those of bifurcations in single‐thread rivers, suggesting that avulsions should be studied within the context of the entire braid network. In this study, braiding evolution processes in gravel‐bed rivers were simulated using a physics‐based numerical model that considers graded bed‐load transport by dividing sediment particles into multiple size fractions and vertical sediment sorting by dividing the riverbed into several vertical layers. The numerical model successfully produced braiding processes and avulsion activities similar to those observed in a laboratory river. Results show that bend evolution of the main channel was the fundamental process controlling the occurrence of avulsions in the numerical model, with a cyclic process of channel meandering by lateral migration that transitioned to a straight channel pattern by avulsion. The radius of bend curvature for triggering avulsions in the numerical model was measured and it was found that the highest probability for a channel bend to generate an avulsion occurs when its radius of curvature is approximately 2.0–3.3 times the average anabranch width. Other types of avulsion were also observed that did not occur specifically at meander bends, but upstream meander evolution indirectly influenced such avulsions by altering channel pattern and discharge to those locations. This study explored the processes and mechanisms of several types of avulsion, and proposed factors controlling their occurrence, namely increasing channel curvature, high shear stress, tributary discharge, riverbed gradient and upstream channel pattern, with high shear stress being a direct indicator. Furthermore, avulsions in a typical gravel‐bed braided river, the Waimakariri River in New Zealand, were analysed using sequential Google Earth maps, which confirmed the conclusions derived from the numerical simulation.
Cancer-associated thrombosis: the when, how and why

Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is a condition in which relevance has been increasingly recognised both for physicians that deal with venous thromboembolism (VTE) and for oncologists. It is currently estimated that the annual incidence of VTE in patients with cancer is 0.5% compared to 0.1% in the general population. Active cancer accounts for 20% of the overall incidence of VTE. Of note, VTE is the second most prevalent cause of death in cancer, second only to the progression of the disease, and cancer is the most prevalent cause of deaths in VTE patients. Nevertheless, CAT presents several peculiarities that distinguish it from other VTE, both in pathophysiology mechanisms, risk factors and especially in treatment, which need to be considered. CAT data will be reviewed in this review. Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) presents peculiar features (risk factors and pathophysiology) that distinguish it from common VTE cases. Treatment of CAT requires a different approach, since the patients are more prone to recurrence and bleeding. http://ow.ly/j1Lu30nYmd5
Phase Ib study of atezolizumab combined with cobimetinib in patients with solid tumors.

BACKGROUND Preclinical evidence suggests that MEK inhibition promotes accumulation and survival of intratumoral tumor-specific T cells and can synergize with immune checkpoint inhibition. We investigated the safety and clinical activity of combining a MEK inhibitor, cobimetinib, and a PD-L1 inhibitor, atezolizumab, in patients with solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS This phase I/Ib study treated PD-L1/PD-1-naive patients with solid tumors in a dose-escalation stage and then in multiple, indication-specific dose-expansion cohorts. In most patients, cobimetinib was dosed once daily orally for 21 days on, 7 days off. Atezolizumab was dosed at 800 mg intravenously every 2 weeks. The primary objectives were safety and tolerability. Secondary endpoints included ORR, PFS and OS. RESULTS Between 27 December 2013 and 9 May 2016, 152 patients were enrolled. As of 4 September 2017, 150 patients received ≥ 1 dose of atezolizumab, including 14 in the dose-escalation cohorts and 136 in the dose-expansion cohorts. Patients had mCRC (n = 84), melanoma (n = 22), NSCLC (n = 28), and other solid tumors (n = 16). The most common all-grade treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were diarrhea (67%), rash (48%) and fatigue (40%), similar to those with single-agent cobimetinib and atezolizumab. One (< 1%) treatment-related grade 5 AE occurred (sepsis). Forty-five (30%) and 23 patients (15%) had AEs that led to discontinuation of cobimetinib and atezolizumab, respectively. Confirmed responses were observed in 7 of 84 patients (8%) with mCRC (6 responders were microsatellite low/stable, 1 was microsatellite instable), 9 of 22 patients (41%) with melanoma, and 5 of 28 patients (18%) with NSCLC. Clinical activity was independent of KRAS/BRAF status across diseases. CONCLUSIONS Atezolizumab plus cobimetinib had manageable safety and clinical activity irrespective of KRAS/BRAF status. Although potential synergistic activity was seen in mCRC, this was not confirmed in a subsequent phase III study.