Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Budget Deficits and Fiscal Adjustments under Fragmented Decision Making: New Evidence on an Old Discussion

The purpose of this paper is to present the existing literature of political explanations for budget deficits and fiscal adjustments. The literature is distinguished initially in two broad categories, namely the effects of conflicts among agents with heterogeneous preferences and institutional effects. At the next stage the category of conflicts among agents is further distinguished in two approaches, namely political stability approach and weak government approach. The existing literature confirms that political instability leads to the strategic use of debt and therefore to higher fiscal deficits. Institutions are proved to contribute positively to the success of fiscal adjustments. However, interest groups with political power and the risk aversion character of politicians imply that fiscal adjustment is usually delayed and more costly.
Repeatability and reproducibility of body condition score in Yankasa sheep

Body condition score is very critical during breeding, lambing and lactation, the current study was conducted to assess the repeatability and reproducibility of body condition score inYankasa sheep in some selected Local Government Areas of Kano State, Nigeria; Bebeji (BBJ), Dawakin Kudu (DKD), Wudil (WDL), Shanono (SNN), and Dambatta (DBT). Multistage sampling was adopted to select a total of 300 sheep comrison of 99 rams and 201 ewes. Body condition score was determined twice a day by two assessors using the standard procedure. The experiment was conducted using a cross factor design. Model III analysis of variance was carried out to determine the between sheep and inter and intra-assessor variations in the trait. The results shows a significant (P<0.01) effects of rams and ewes on the body condition score.It is concluded that repeatability and reproducibility of BCS were very high (0.828-0.982 and 0.791-0.939 for repeatability and reproducibility, respectively). It is recommended that sheep farmers consider condition scores in the selection and routinely assess their animals' nutritional status. Le score de l'etat corporel est tres critique pendant la reproduction, l'agnelage et la lactation, la presente etude a ete menee pour evaluer la repetabilite et la reproductibilite du score de l'etat corporel chez les moutons de Yankasa dans certaines zones de gouvernement local selectionnees de l'Etat de Kano, au Nigeria; Bebeji (BBJ), Dawakin Kudu (DKD), Wudil (WDL), Shanono (SNN) et Dambatta (DBT). Un echantillonnage a plusieurs degres a ete adopte pour selectionner un total de 300 moutons de 99 beliers et 201 brebis. Le score de l'etat corporel a ete determine deux fois par jour par deux evaluateurs en utilisant la procedure standard. L'experience a ete menee en utilisant une conception a facteurs croises. Une analyse de la variance du modele III a ete effectuee pour determiner les variations entre les moutons et les variations inter et intra-evaluateur du caractere. Les resultats montrent un effet significatif (P <0.01) des beliers et des brebis sur le score de l'etat corporel. Il est conclu que la repetabilite et la reproductibilite du BCS etaient tres elevees (0.828-0.982 et 0.791- 0.939 pour la repetabilite et la reproductibilite, respectivement). Il est recommande aux eleveurs de moutons de prendre en compte les scores de condition dans la selection et d'evaluer regulierement l'etat nutritionnel de leurs animaux.
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE ABOUT PACKAGE INSERTS AMONG MEDICAL UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL QUESTIONNAIRE-BASED STUDY

Objective: The objective of our study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding package inserts (PIs) among medical undergraduates of a Government Medical College in Kerala, India Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was carried out on 100 medical students. It was conducted with the consent of all participants and after the approval of Institutional Review Board and Ethics Committee. Pre-validated 15 items questionnaire was used to elicit responses about knowledge, attitude, and practice with a scoring scheme of +1 for “yes”/positive response and 0 for “no/I don’t know”/negative response. Data analyzed using “SPSS” and responses were expressed as mean scores and percentages. Results: Statistical analysis (response rate 98%) revealed that 88.2% have seen PIs but only 18.4% had the knowledge of drug acts governing the information to be provided on PIs in India. About 78.6% agreed PIs are necessary add-on to drug information. About 62.2% opined that PIs must be in regional language along with English. About 100% agreed that written information in PIs is difficult to read and understand. About 66.3% feel that doctors must instruct patients to read PIs thoroughly. About 71.4% have referred PIs as a source of knowledge for Indication/Contraindication/ Adverse Effects/Drug interaction. About 95.9% would like to refer PIs in future while prescribing as physician. Conclusion: We conclude that participants have positive attitude toward PIs but have less knowledge as compared with developed countries. Results suggest the need for escalating knowledge and awareness among medical students about PIs which, in turn, help to minimize medication errors.
Modulation of Typhoon-Induced Sea Surface Cooling by Preexisting Eddies in the South China Sea

The interactions between mesoscale eddies and typhoons are important for understanding the oceanic environment, but large variance is identified in each case because of the complex underlying dynamics. Fifteen-year datasets of typhoon tracks and eddy tracks in the South China Sea (SCS) are employed to comprehensively determine the influence of preexisting eddies on typhoon-induced sea surface cooling (SSC). Typhoons with high wind speeds and slow translation speeds induce large SSC in summer and autumn, when more than 80% of typhoons occur during a year. The relative locations of typhoons and eddies are used to classify their distributions, and four groups are identified, with typhoons traversing to the left or right of cyclonic or anticyclonic eddies. Generally, cyclonic eddies (CEs) located to the right of a typhoon track can result in a large cooling core, but anticyclonic eddies (AEs) can interrupt the cooling band along the right side of typhoon tracks. The recovery from typhoon-induced SSC takes longer than 15 days, though preexisting AEs can induce a rapid rebound after reaching the minimum sea surface temperature (SST). In addition, the dependence of SSCs on a typhoon’s features, such as wind speed and translation speed, are amplified (reduced) by CEs (AEs). The enhancement of typhoon-induced local SSC by CEs is counterbalanced by the suppression of SSC by AEs; thus, the overall impacts of CEs and AEs on typhoon-induced local SSC are relatively weak in the SCS.
The Qualitative

Abstract Coming out process is a necessary step for a LGBTQ person in order to develop integrative sexual and transgender identity (Cass, 1984; Manning, 2014). and mental health of LGBTQ people is under strong influence by the family and social support and their reactions to coming out (D’Augelli, 2002; Ryan et al., 2010; Ryan, Legate, & Winstein, 2015). The goal of the present research is to explore what is the experience of mothers of LGBTQ children in Serbia after the children’s coming out? Using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (Smith, 2015), this study explored the experience of eight mothers of LGBTQ youth in Serbia after their children came out. From the analysis 4 main themes emerged: We started a conversation, and then he told me everything: what, how, where” – The context of finding out, “…and that is something very terrifying, that someone could hurt my child because he is what he is” – Mothers’ reactions, “I needed to see that he is completely well” – Process of adaptation, “Are we strong enough to bear all that? ” – Parent and family identity. The results have shown that after finding out, mothers have a broad variety of reactions from surprise and shock to anger and sadness (Ben-Ari, 1989), after which the process of accepting child’s identity begins. That process was composed of different questions and challenges mothers faced and needed to overcome, either with professional or support from co-parent, with social support and information gathered from children or internet. The adaptation process resulted in integration of child’s identity in family’s identity, showing a developmental path mothers go through in order to accept child’s identity, but also showing possibilities for practical interventions in working with LGBTQ children and their families.
Effects of Antisite Defects on Li Diffusion in LiFePO4 Revealed by Li Isotope Exchange

Li–Fe antisite defects are commonly found in LiFePO4 particles and can impede or block Li diffusion in the single-file Li diffusion channels. However, due to their low concentration (∼1%), the effect of antisite defects on Li diffusion has only been systematically investigated by theoretical approaches. In this work, the exchange between Li in solid LiFePO4 (92.5% enriched with 6Li) and Li in the liquid Li electrolyte solution (containing natural abundance Li, 7.6% 6Li and 92.4% 7Li) was measured as a function of time by both ex situ and in situ solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. The experimental data reveal that the time dependence of the isotope exchange cannot be modeled by a simple single-file diffusion process and that defects must play a role in the mobility of ions in the LiFePO4 particles. By performing kinetic Monte Carlo simulations that explicitly consider antisite defects, which allow Li to cross over between adjacent channels, we show that the observed tracer exchange behavio.
Chemistry teacher responses to learning in the COVID-19 outbreak: Challenges and opportunities to create innovative lab-work activities

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced schools to make a shift in learning mode, from face to face become online remote learning. This is also faced and done by chemistry teachers. The study was conducted to investigate the response of chemistry teachers to online learning in the COVID-19 pandemic. A purposive survey method was used in this study by giving online questionnaires through Google form containing 10 open questions about chemistry learning and practicum conducted by the chemistry teachers in the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were collected for a week at the beginning of June 2020. A total of 55 chemistry teachers from West Java participated as respondents. The result found that chemistry teachers had tried to utilize various technology platforms in conducting learning. Moreover, most of them faced difficulty to arrange the lab-work activities and did nothing. Some teachers try to find lab-work multimedia instead of real activities. However, the multimedia commonly did not make students pertain the processes skills. Since the pandemic could not be predicted when it will finish, this is a kind of challenges and opportunities to think about implementing online chemistry learning from now and then.
Influence of Halogen Substitution in the Ligand Sphere on the Antitumor and Antibacterial Activity of Half‐sandwich Ruthenium(II) Complexes [RuX(η6‐arene)(C5H4N‐2‐CH=N‐Ar)]+

New complexes [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(C5H4N-2-CH=N–Ar)X]PF6 [X = Br (1), I (2); Ar = 4-fluorophenyl (a), 4-chlorophenyl (b), 4-bromophenyl (c), 4-iodophenyl (d), 2,5-dichlorophenyl (e)] were prepared, as well as 3a–3e (X = Cl) and the new complexes [(η6-arene)RuCl(N-N)]PF6 (arene = C6H5OCH2CH2OH, N-N = 2,2′-bipyridine (4), 2,6-(dimethylphenyl)-pyridin-2-yl-methylene amine (5), 2,6-(diisopropylphenyl)-pyridin-2-yl-methylene amine (6); arene = p-cymene, N-N = 4-(aminophenyl)-pyridin-2-yl-methylene amine (7)]. X-ray diffraction studies were performed for 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 2b, 5, and 7. Cytotoxicities of 1a–1d and 2 were established versus human cancer cells epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) (IC50: 35.8–631.0 μM), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) (IC50: 36.3–128.8.0 μM), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) (IC50: 60.6–439.8 μM), 3a–3e were tested against HepG2 and Caco-2, and 4–7 were tested against Caco-2. 1–7 were tested against non-cancerous human epithelial kidney cells. 1 and 2 were more selective towards tumor cells than the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), but 3a–3e (X = Cl) were not selective. 1 and 2 had good activity against MCF7, some with lower IC50 than 5-FU. Complexes with X = Br or I had moderate activity against Caco-2 and HepG2, but those with Cl were inactive. Antibacterial activities of 1a, 2b, 3a, and 7 were tested against antibacterial susceptible and resistant Gram-negative and -positive bacteria. 1a, 2b, and 3a showed activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MIC = 31–2000 μg·mL–1).
Application of Grey Systems Theory in the Analysis of Data Obtained from Family Businesses

: Purpose: The article presents a methodology whose aim was: first, to present the problem of the influence of conflicts upon family and business spheres in family businesses and to conduct a statistical analysis on a large sample, second: to check whether similar results can be obtained making use of small samples, randomly chosen from a large sample and analyzed using Grey Systems Theory tools. Design/Methodology/Approach: The obtained data was used for correlation analyses and analyses that follow the procedure of Grey Incidence Analysis. The research outcome corroborated the convergence of results for both analytical approaches, which, according to the authors, allows the presented research methodology to be used with small samples of family businesses. Findings: The obtained research results confirm the hypothesis which says that the results of conclusions drawn from a small amount of data using the GST methods are in keeping with the results of correlational research for a large amount of data defining the same phenomenon. Practical implications: The results of the research indicate the usefulness of grey incidence analysis in empirical research on family business issues. Originality/value: The research presented in the article is a positive verification of grey analytical models which can be extremely useful for empirical analyses conducted on small research samples.
Hand-grip Strength is Correlated with Aerobic Capacity in Healthy Sedentary Young Females

Aerobic capacity, which is the maximum limit of the rate of oxygen consumption, is an important parameter in determining health-related physical fitness. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between grip strength and aerobic capacity in healthy sedentary young females. Forty healthy, young, and sedentary females participated in the study (20.5±1.5 years). Body composition was assessed with the bioelectrical impedance method. The hand-grip strength of the individuals was measured with a hand-grip dynamometer. An indirect graded arm crank ergometer test was used to determine the peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak). It was found that the grip strength was correlated with height (r=0.51, p=0.001), fat-free mass (r=0.45, p=0.004), and VO2 peak (r=0.36, p=0.023); however, there was no correlation between grip strength and body weight, body mass index, and body fat percentage (p>0.05). VO2 peak was negatively correlated with body fat percentage (r= -0.38, p=0.016) and body mass index (r= -0.30, p=0.045). The results showed that higher muscle strength and fat-free mass are related to higher aerobic capacity. It is considered that increasing muscle strength and fat-free mass as well as decreasing body fat may be an appropriate strategy to increase cardiorespiratory fitness.
Green biosynthesized Satureja rechingeri Jamzad-Ag/poly vinyl alcohol film: quality improvement of Oncorhynchus mykiss fillet during refrigerated storage

The nanosilver food packaging films were developed by polyvinyl alcohol activated with Satureja rechingeri extract (S-AgNPs/PVA) using the solvent casting to evaluate the freshness of Oncorhynchus mykiss fillets during 14 days at the refrigerated temperature. The 160 pieces of fish were enfolded in 4 types of films as main group-series. The main components of the extract were carvacrol (83.2%) p-cymene (3.11%), thymol (2.13%) and γ-terpinene (1.63%). The UV-Vis and TEM evaluations of S-AgNPs showed that the size of S-AgNPs was mostly smaller than 55 nm in diameter. Mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria counts were remarkably less than 6.0 log CFU/g about 2.1, 1.3 log CFU/g and 2.0, 1.0 log CFU/g, respectively for fish samples wrapped in S-AgNP/Ult.PVA (Ultrasound method) and S-AgNP/Pho.PVA (Photochemical method) preserved at 4 °C on the 7th day. S-AgNP/Ult.PVA and S-AgNP/Pho.PVA showed strong efficiency in complete eliminating S. aureus and psychrophilic bacteria from coated trout samples than E. coli and mesophiles. It is suggested that AgNP/Ult.PVA and S-AgNP/Pho.PVA films can be used as nanocomposite film for fish preservation at refrigerated temperature to postpone the spoilage up to 7th day.
The Potential Anti-Obesity, Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Oxidant Effects of Vitamin a in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

Background: Evidence suggests that there is a link between diabetes mellitus and Vitamin A. Moreover, it has been reported that diabetes induces oxidative stress. Lately, a wide attention has been developed to the protective biochemical function of natural antioxidants contained vitamins, which can reduce the oxidative damage caused by free radical species. Objective: To investigate the anti-obesity, anti-diabetic and anti-oxidative effects of vitamin A in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Methods: Male mice were randomly divided into three groups: Controlnondiabetic, received a normal diet and water; Control-diabetic, received STZ 45mg/kg once intraperitoneally; and Treateddiabetic, received both STZ as before plus Vitamin A (4-IU/day) orally daily for 16 weeks. Food Original Research Article Alhindi et al.; JPRI, 33(6): 50-64, 2021; Article no.JPRI. 65574 51 intake, body weight, fat mass, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, and lipid profile were estimated. Also, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPO), catalase (CAT), and malonaldehyde (MDA) were measured. Results: Treated diabetic mice with Vitamin A showed a significant improvement in their body weight, fat mass, lipid profile as well as SOD, GPO and CAT compared to Control-diabetic mice. However, Vitamin A caused no significant change on fasting blood glucose and insulin levels. Furthermore, plasma level of MDA was significantly elevated in diabetic mice compared to normal mice. Diabetic mice treated with vitamin A had a significantly reduced level of MDA, suggesting that vitamin A might have a vital role in the protection of tissues from damage by free radicals. Conclusion: Supplementation with vitamin A may be a useful treatment strategy for diabetic patients to reduce/prevent the pathological complications of diabetes.
Rate coefficients for H2:H2
inelastic collisions in the ground vibrational state from 10 to 1000 K

Aims. In this work, we present a pruned set of state-to-state rate coefficients (STS rates) for inelastic H2:H2 collisions in the thermal range from 10 to 1000 K. The set includes all relevant rates needed for diagnostics based on the simulation of quadrupole infrared spectra of H2. Methods. The reported set was obtained from a quantum scattering close-coupling calculation employing a recent version of the MOLSCAT code, a high-level potential energy surface, and rotational energies of the H2 molecules with spectroscopic accuracy. These improvements have led to a significant increase in the accuracy with respect to previous computational results. The accuracy of the present STS rates is tested against recently reported experimental rates. Most dominant rates agree with the experiment within a 2σ uncertainty (2 to 6%). Results. In addition to the tables given in the main text, three machine-readable tables are available at the CDS. These tables include all the relevant numerical results of the paper, namely, the excitation and de-excitation STS rates for H2:H2 inelastic collisions at selected temperatures between 10 and 1000 K, and their functional description for interpolation at any intermediate temperature.
Optimizing Multi-Family Building Massing for Affordability and Envelope Performance: An Investigation of the Trade-Offs Implicit in Low Rise Residential Buildings

The United States faces twin crises of housing affordability and environmental degradation. Under these clouds, the nation is experiencing an explosive growth in new construction multi-family housing. This paper seeks to evaluate how designers might optimize the organization of such projects to minimize cost and maximize environmental performance. A method is developed for evaluating the construction costs and environmental performance of multifamily developments across four variables: building height, number of buildings, building width, and building floor area. Our analysis suggests that buildings with deeper floor plates are preferable for both economic and environmental reasons. We also suggest that taller buildings have more performative envelopes while shorter buildings are more economical to construct. Finally, we offer a method of finding a compromise between economic and environmental objectives for projects of a given square footage. Most commonly, this “compromise” takes the form of a moderate number of mid-rise buildings with deep floor plates. This investigation adds nuance to the existing literature on the effects of building shape on building cost and envelope performance. It also provides designers with a method of potentially constructing multifamily buildings in a less expensive and more environmentally conscious way.
How have ride-sourcing users adapted to the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic? evidence from a survey-based study of the Greater Toronto Area

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has altered day-to-day life worldwide, including the perceived risks associated with travel. Ride-sourcing can augment the mobility of those without access to private vehicles and who are reluctant to use public transit. Using data from a web-based survey, this study investigates the influence of the first wave of the pandemic on ride-sourcing use in the Greater Toronto Area. Among pre-pandemic ride-sourcing users, 18% use ride-sourcing more frequently during the pandemic, while 54% are using it less frequently. From the econometric model, the most notable finding is that several attributes that influenced ride-sourcing frequency pre-pandemic did not affect ride-sourcing frequency during the pandemic. Attitudinal factors were also found to influence ride-sourcing frequency. The results suggest that the pandemic has had a short-term effect on the frequency of ride-sourcing usage; however, further research is required to determine whether COVID-19 will have long-term impacts on ride-sourcing usage.