Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of Dean Flow in a tube flow fractionation device

Fractionation in laboratory scale is a common way to evaluate size distributions of pulp samples. The method of interest in the present study, is the Tube Flow Fractionation (TFF) device. This device separates pulp samples according to their particle size based on the flow regime inside the tube. Longer particles such as fibres are dragged with the faster middle flow and concentrate at the front end of the flowing column. Smaller particles and fines are concentrated at the end of the flow. In the current work, a TFF similar to those described in the literature was set up to investigate the effect of secondary flow (Dean Flow) in the flow regime of a coiled tube on the fractionation performance. Centrifugal forces acting on the fluid generate a pressure difference between the inner and outer bend of the tube. This pressure difference in turn leads to the formation of a secondary flow. Based on a simple design of the tube flow fractionator, settings such as flow velocity or the curvature can be easily adjusted. Trials based on different pulp samples as well as fractions of these pulps show the influence of secondary flow on the fractionation performance in the tube flow.
Fixed-Time Fractional-Order Sliding Mode Controller for Multimachine Power Systems

This paper proposes a fractional-order sliding mode controller (FOSMC) for fixed-time stability of multimachine power systems. Fractional calculus has been applied in sliding mode control (SMC) to design FOSMC which can better suppress the chattering phenomenon than the traditional integer-order SMC. Hence, a FOSMC is proposed to regulate the excitation of synchronous generators to improve the transient stability of the power system. In addition, the FOSMC can maintain the multimachine power systems stabilization in an upper bound and measurable convergence time independent of the initial operating conditions of the power system. The Lyapunov function is implemented to demonstrate the stability of multimachine power systems under the FOSMC, and the upper bound convergence time of the power system is generally estimated. The New England 10-machine 39-bus power system is taken into simulation to test the effectiveness and superior performances of the FOSMC than the existing control methods under different operating conditions. Meanwhile, the FOSMC with different orders are presented to verify that the FOSMC can better restrain the chattering phenomenon than traditional integer-order SMC. Simulation results show that the FOSMC can effectively reduce the chattering phenomenon and ensure the power system stabilization in an upper bound time, thus enhancing the dynamic performances of the power system.
Character Association in French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and Pea (Pisum sativum L.) A Review

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important leguminous vegetable crop grown in many parts of the world i.e., temperate and subtropical regions, for fresh green immature pods. Sometimes it is utilized as a pulse crop and also as a green manure crop. It belongs to the family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) having chromosome number 2n=14, with its origin Central Asia. Pea growing states are Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Punjab, and Karnataka. However. Uttar Pradesh is the leading state of pea production in India sharing 46.1%. Total area in India under pea cultivation is about 554-thousand-hectare area and the production is 5524 thousand MT having an annual productivity of 8.9 MT per hectare (NHB, 2018). Pea has a great nutritive value & contains vitamin A, B and C along with minerals, dietary fiber & antioxidant compounds (Urbano et al., 2003). In addition, it also has high nutritive value i.e. proteins 7.2g/100g, carbohydrate 14g/100, dietary fiber 5g/100g. Peas are excellence source of protein, help in digestion, protective against some chronic diseases, prevent constipation and reduce bad cholesterol. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 11 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Economics of Multifunctional Forestry in the Sámi People Homeland Region

We study forestry in the Sami people homeland region to understand an ongoing conflict between conventional forest logging and maintaining forests as reindeer pastures for indigenous people. We use a detailed model that simultaneously includes timber production, carbon storage in living biomass, deadwood and wood products, negative effects on reindeer husbandry, and a flexible optimization between rotation forestry (cf. clearcuts) and forestry that maintains continuous forestcover. We show that the profitability of conventional forestry is based on utilizing existing forest stands, an outcome that can be understood as forest capital mining. By varying the carbon price between €0 tCO2 and €40 tCO2, we show that the optimal solutions based on a 3% interest rate are always continuous cover forestry. A carbon price of €60 - €100tCO2 implies that it is optimal to give up timber production and utilize forests for carbon storage and reindeer pasture only. Given the present forest management practices and an old-growth forest as the initial state, the carbon choke price decreases to €14–€20 CO2. The optimal choice between timber production and utilizing forests purely for carbon storage and reindeer husbandry may depend on the initial forest state. The choice between maintaining old-growth forest and converting land to timber production, as determined by dynamic economic analysis, is incompatible with the frequently applied approach based on carbon debt and the carbon payback period.
Increase of secondary organic aerosol over four years in an urban 
environment

Abstract. The evolution of fine aerosol (PM1) species as well as the contribution of potential sources to the total organic aerosol (OA) at an urban background site (Palau Reial, PR, 80 m a.s.l) in the western Mediterranean basin (WMB) was investigated. For this purpose, an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) was deployed to acquire real-time measurements for two one-year periods: May 2014–May 2015 (period A) and Sep 2017–Oct 2018 (period B). Total PM1 concentrations showed a slight decrease (from 10.1 to 9.6 µg · m−3 from A to B), although the relative contribution of both inorganic and organic compounds varied significantly. Regarding inorganic compounds, SO42−, black carbon and NH4+ showed a significant decrease from period A to B, whilst NO3− concentration was found higher in B. Source apportionment revealed OA was 46 % and 70 % of secondary origin (SOA) in periods A and B, respectively. Two oxygenated secondary sources (OOA) were differentiated by their oxidation status (i.e. aging): less-oxidized (LO-OOA) and more-oxidized (MO-OOA). Disregarding winter periods, where LO-OOA production is not favoured, LO-OOA transformation into MO-OOA was found more effective in period B. The highest MO-OOA-to-LO-OOA ratio (1.5) was found in September–October 2018, implying an accumulation effect after the high temperature and solar radiation conditions in the summer season. In addition, SOA was found sensitive to a NOx-polluted ambient and to other pollutants, especially to ozone, which could be enhancing its production specially during afternoon hours. The anthropogenic primary OA sources identified, cooking-like OA (COA), hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), and biomass burning OA (BBOA), decreased from period A to B in both absolute concentrations and relative contribution (as a whole, 44 % and 40 %, respectively). However, their concentrations and proportion to OA grow rapidly during highly-polluted episodes. The influence of certain atmospheric episodes on OA sources was also assessed. Both SOA factors seem linked with long and medium-range circulations, especially those coming from inland Europe and the Mediterranean (triggering mainly MO-OOA) and summer breeze-driven regional circulation (triggering mainly LO-OOA). In contrast, POA pollution is enhanced either during air-cleaning episodes or stagnation anticyclonic events.
Arecoline induces dual modulation of blood pressure in rat, including an initial downregulation and a subsequent upregulation

Purpose: To determine the role of arecoline in cardiovascular modulation in rats.Methods: After rats were anaesthetized with intraperitoneal urethane (1.4 g/kg body weight), saline or arecoline (at doses of 1.0, 3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered, and blood pressure (BP) was continuously recorded using a physiological apparatus. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), maximum changes in MAP and reaction time due to arecoline stimulations were calculated and analyzed.Results: Arecoline induced biphasic modulation in BP, including an initial downregulation followed by a subsequent upregulation. The MAP and maximum change in MAP exhibited a concentration-dependent effect in the downregulation phase (p 0.05 within each group), while BP reaction time showed a dose-dependent prolongation in both downregulation and upregulation phases (ps < 0.01 within each group). Remarkably, arecoline-induced BP downregulation more rapidly and drastically than upregulation in each arecoline group.Conclusion: These results indicate that arecoline exerts a complex effect in cardiovascular modulation that should be considered as side effects in the clinical use of arecoline and/or with the habitual chewing of areca nuts. Keywords: Arecoline, Blood pressure, Downregulation, Upregulation
Spin-texture induced by oxygen vacancies in Strontium perovskites (001) surfaces: A theoretical comparison between SrTiO$_3$ and SrHfO$_3$

The electronic structure of SrTiO3 and SrHfO3 (001) surfaces with oxygen vacancies is studied by means of first-principles calculations. We reveal how oxygen vacancies within the first atomic layer of the SrTiO3 surface (i) induce a large antiferrodistortive motion of the oxygen octahedra at the surface, (ii) drive localized magnetic moments on the Ti-3d orbitals close to the vacancies and (iii) form a two-dimensional electron gas localized within the first layers. The analysis of the spin-texture of this system exhibits a splitting of the energy bands according to the Zeeman interaction, lowering of the Ti-3dxy level in comparison with dxz and dyz and also an in-plane precession of the spins. No Rashba-like splitting for the ground state neither for ab-initio molecular dynamics trajectory at 400K is recognized as suggested recently by A. F. Santander-Syro et al. [1]. Instead, a sizeable Rashba-like splitting is observed when the Ti atom is replaced by a heavier Hf atom with a much larger spin-orbit interaction. However, we observe the disappearance of the magnetism and the surface two dimensional electron gas when full structural optimization of the SrHfO3 surface is performed. Our results uncover the sensitive interplay of spin-orbit coupling, atomic relaxations and magnetism when tuning these Sr-based perovskites.
Efficacy of Herbicides on Morphological Parameters of Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflora L.) under Hill Zone of Karnataka

Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus), otherwise known as "Sword Lily” or queen of the bulbous plants is a popular ornamental bulbous plant originated in South Africa. Taxonomically placed under monocot family Iridaceae, (Lepcha et al., 2007). Iridaceae family includes perennial, rhizomatous bulbous plants distributed globally with greatest diversity in South Africa (Pragya et al, 2010). The genus gladiolus is comprised of about 265 species and is one of the largest genera of family Iridaceae. The Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) is considered to be the centre of diversity for the genus gladiolus. It is distributed throughout the region of tropical Africa, Madagascar, Arabian Peninsula, Mediterranean basin, Europe and Asia, including Iran and Afghanistan. In gladiolus, menaces of weeds are well known. The losses caused by weeds exceed the losses caused by International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 11 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Long-term aerosol mass concentrations in southern Finland:
instrument validation, seasonal variation and trends

Abstract. Long-term high-quality aerosol particulate matter (PM) concentration measurements have been conducted in southern Finland at Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR II, Hyytiala) with different, yet comparable measurement equipment since 1995. In this paper, the mass concentrations measured between 2005 and 2017 using three different independent methods: i.e. 1. the cascade impactor, 2. Differential Mobility Particle Sizer (DMPS) and Aerosol Particle Sizer (APS) and 3. Synchronized Hybrid Ambient Real-time Particulate Monitor (SHARP) are compared and analysed. First, the mass concentrations of the different size classes, i.e. PM1 (PM within sub-micrometer particle diameter size range), PM2.5 (sub-2.5 µm) and PM10 (sub-10 µm), are reported. These data were further cross-compared through a bivariate fitting method. The comparison revealed an excellent equivalence among the three methods with slopes approaching unity and reasonable intercepts (≤ 1 µg m−3). An analysis of the seasonal variability of PM concentrations revealed that the mass concentrations were generally highest in summer in different size classes. The mean mass concentrations were 5.3, 5.4, and 6.5 µg m−3 for PM1, PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. The 2nd highest loadings were attained in spring, which were ca. 80–88 % of those in summer. The lowest loadings were measured in autumn and winter, when the mass concentrations were ca. 74–78 % of those in summer. Temperature had strong influence on the measured concentrations. While the high late spring and summertime temperatures promote secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and pollen emissions, the lowest wintertime temperatures enhance the need of residential heating processes yielding anthropogenic aerosol emissions (e.g. from traffic/industry/wood burning). The wintertime concentrations can also be expected to be influenced by boundary layer dynamics, which keep the PM emissions concentrated near Earth surface especially in winter. It is noteworthy that the mass concentrations were lower than those reported prior to 2005 (at SMEAR II). The descending trend (~−0.1–0.2 µg m3 y−1) was clearly visible here for all PM size classes in spring, summer and winter, while the trend in autumn remained statistically insignificant. This might have resulted at least partly from more stringent EU air quality legislation.
Composite materials derived from biodegradable starch polymer and Atriplex halimus fibers

Abstract Biocomposites from starch and cellulose fibers have gained renewed interest as environmentally friendly materials and as biodegradable renewable resources for a sustainable development. In this study, natural fibers were extracted from a Mediterranean saltbush (Atriplex halimus) plant found abundantly in North Africa. The composites were prepared by a solution casting method from corn starch using 0–15 wt. % of micro-cellulose fibers as a filler. The structure of the composites was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The physical properties of the composites were determined by mechanical tensile tests, thermogravimetric analysis and water absorption. The results showed that higher fiber content raised the elastic modulus by 92% and the temperature of degradation by up to 355°C. Optical microscopy revealed a good adhesion between the matrix and the fibers owing to their chemical similarities. Water uptake measurements showed that the composites had a much better water resistance and a more hydrophobic character than pure thermoplastic starch films. Biodegradability tests confirmed that the prepared composites are an environmentally safe material suited for different applications.
Spatiotemporal evolution analysis of agricultural non-point source pollution risks in Chongqing, China, based on the ITO3dE model and GIS

To determine the risk state distribution, risk level, and risk evolution situation of agricultural non-point source pollution (AGNPS), we built an ‘Input-Translate-Output’ three-dimensional evaluation (ITO3dE) model that involved 12 factors under the support of GIS and analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of AGNPS risks from 2005 to 2015 in Chongqing by using GIS space matrix, kernel density analysis, and Getis-Ord Gi* analysis. Land use changes during the 10 years had a certain influence on the AGNPS risk. The risk values in 2005, 2010, and 2015 were in the ranges of 0.40–2.28, 0.41–2.57, and 0.41–2.28, respectively, with the main distribution regions being the western regions of Chongqing (Dazu, Jiangjin, etc.) and other counties such as Dianjiang, Liangping, Kaizhou, Wanzhou, and Zhongxian. The spatiotemporal transition matrix could well exhibit the risk transition situation, and the risks generally showed no changes over time. The proportions of ‘no-risk no-change’, ‘low-risk no-change’, and ‘medium-risk no-change’ were 10.86%, 33.42%, and 17.25%, respectively, accounting for 61.53% of the coverage area of Chongqing. The proportions of risk increase, risk decline, and risk fluctuation were 13.45%, 17.66%, and 7.36%, respectively. Kernel density analysis was suitable to explore high-risk gathering areas. The peak values of kernel density in the three periods were around 1,110, suggesting that the maximum gathering degree of medium-risk pattern spots basically showed no changes, but the spatial positions of high-risk gathering areas somehow changed. Getis-Ord Gi* analysis was suitable to explore the relationships between hot and cold spots. Counties with high pollution risks were Yongchuan, Shapingba, Dianjiang, Liangping, northwestern Fengdu, and Zhongxian, while counties with low risks were Chengkou, Wuxi, Wushan, Pengshui, and Rongchang. High-value hot spot zones gradually dominated in the northeast of Chongqing, while low-value cold spot zones gradually dominated in the Midwest. Our results provide a scientific base for the development of strategies to prevent and control AGNPS in Chongqing.
Tissue Immunofluorescence Confirmation of CNS Autoantibodies Identified by Immunoblot or Cell-Based Assay

Background: While many immunologic targets of autoimmune CNS disease have been identified, autoantibodies to each, are detected only rarely. Therefore, serum is often screened by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) with whole brain tissue before reflexing positive samples to more specific assays for confirmation and identification. The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity of immunofluorescence positive staining of whole brain tissue to immunoblot assays (IBAs) and cell-based immunofluorescence assays (CBAs) for the initial detection of autoantibodies associated with paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS) and other autoimmune diseases of the CNS.Methods: All comprehensive paraneoplastic neurological syndrome panel results released from our laboratory over a two-year period (2017-2019) were reviewed. This panel was specifically chosen for these retrospective analyses because of the comprehensive PNS panel’s design; a reflex testing algorithm is not used and a tissue IFAs, IBAs, and CBAs, are run in parallel and independently on all serum samples. Results: For autoantibodies to intracellular targets, tissue IFA results were positive for 47 of 56 (84%) samples that were positive by IBA. In contrast, for autoantibodies to membrane-imbedded antigenic targets, tissue IFA results were positive for only 5 of 14 (35.7%) samples that were positive by CBA.Conclusions: These retrospective analyses suggest that tissue IFAs of serum are more than twice as likely to confirm the presence of IBA identified autoantibodies to intracellular proteins than CBA identified autoantibodies to membrane imbedded protein targets. Moreover, these findings have important implications for the use of tissue IFA screening for the initial detection of CNS autoantibodies.
Sexual Harassment in Adolescent

1 Psychological Magister Program, Faculty of Psychology, Tarumanagara University, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia *Corresponding author. Email: kezia.717181014@stu.untar. ac.id ** Corresponding co-author. Email: naomis@fpsi.untar. ac.id, widyar@fpsi.untar. ac.id ABSTRACT Adolescence is a transitional period from childhood to adulthood which is marked by changes in physical, cognitive, and psychosocial aspects. At this stage of development, adolescents often experience psychological problems such as eating disorders, anxiety, or even depression, and so forth. Various psychological problems can occur due to internal factors and external factors. One external factor that causes psychological problems in adolescents is sexual harassment. Sexual harassment is a sexual act through physical or non-physical touch targeting sexual organs or sexuality. Sexual harassment can be experienced by adolescents and cause anxiety and decrease grades in school. The aims of this study to determine the description of sexual harassment experienced by adolescents in one of the state high schools in the South Tangerang area. The study was conducted by distributing a questionnaire and interviews with 10-12 high school students. Questionnaires were given to adolescents aged 13-19 years (N = 178). Based on 178 students, 123 students (69%) had experienced sexual harassment. The results showed that 66 students (54%) experienced verbal sexual harassment; 106 students (86%) experienced non-verbal sexual harassment; there were 56 students (46%) who experienced physical sexual harassment. Interviews were conducted on 3 students who had experienced sexual harassment, namely 2 women and 1 man. Interviews showed that victims of sexual harassment experienced low self-esteem, skipping school, fear of meeting the opposite sex, and experienced physical reactions such as nausea, palpitations, and dizziness. The results of this study are preliminary studies of research that are useful for the development of psychological science in the future.
The Effect of Store Environment on Positive Emotional Response and Impulse Buying Moderated by Situational Factor

The purpose of this study was to identify factors that significantly affect unplanned impulse buying, namely store environment factors, positive emotional responses, and situational factors. Research samples were 90 respondents (consumers) of Ramayana Mall Denpasar. Methods of data collection carried out through questionnaires, while analysis techniques used simple linear regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that store environment had a positive and significant influence on positive emotional response; positive emotional response had a positive and significant influence on the behaviour of impulse buying; and situational factors were strengthening the influence of positive emotional responses to impulse buying behaviour.
Organotin compounds in the danish marine environment : analysis and fate studies

Tri-n-butyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) sorption and desorption experiments were undertaken at environmentally realistic conditions in marine mesocosm enclosures. The experimental contained seawater was exchanged to simulate dumping of polluted sediments in a pristine environment. Both compounds sorb strongly to particulate matter and the main removal process in chis system was sedimentation. Total sedimentation rates were estimated betweem I . 3 and 20 ng Sn cm-' day. ' for TBT and between 1.1 and 6.6 ng Sn cm-2 day. '. Desorption of TBT and TPhT from sediments to the entire water column, were suggested to be dependent on equilibrium partitioning. The fastest release immediately after water phase exchange was determined as a linear regression slope estimate. Initial desolption rates ranged from 0.81 to 1.6 ng Sn cm-' day-' for TBT and from 0.26 to 2.2 ng Sn cm-' day-' for TPhT. Resuspension rates were also determined as the total amount of compound released to the water column. Sediment interaction rates of TPhT were quantified for the first time in