Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An inter‐laboratory evaluation of OD‐3 zircon for use as a secondary U–Pb dating standard

Zircon OD‐3 from the Paleogene Kawamoto Granodiorite (Mihara body) in Japan has been identified as a potential multi‐grain secondary standard for U–Pb dating. We have carried out an inter‐laboratory evaluation in order to evaluate possible heterogeneity amongst the OD‐3 zircon grains. U–Pb ages were obtained using two analytical techniques (a sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe and a laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry) in eight laboratories. All the 238U–206Pb ages show good agreement, with an overall weighted average 238U–206Pb age of 33.0 ± 0.1 Ma (2σ). The U–Pb age results revealed no significant variation or heterogeneity in the U–Pb ages of the OD‐3 grains. Twelve fission‐track (FT) ages from three laboratories are also reported, and have a weighted average of 32.6 ± 0.6 Ma (2σ). Despite the different closure and annealing temperatures of the U–Pb and FT chronometers, respectively, the FT age is in good agreement with the U–Pb age. This suggests that the OD‐3 zircon had a relatively fast cooling history and has not experienced later thermal annealing. The chronological dataset reported here clearly demonstrates that the OD‐3 zircon could be a useful and reliable secondary standard for use during U–Pb dating studies of Cenozoic zircons.
Examining Preservice Teachers' Knowledge about and Beliefs of Classroom Management

EXAMINING PRESERVICE TEACHERS’ KNOWLEDGE ABOUT AND BELIEFS OF CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT by Kristen Marie Heil, Ed.S. Teachers are at the forefront of national and state initiatives designed to foster positive student outcomes through classroom management (i.e., SEL programming; Adams, 2013); however, many teachers state their preservice training provides inadequate learning experiences on how to best meet students’ diverse needs (Duck, 2007; Strawn, Fox, & Duck, 2008). Unlike content-area curriculum and instruction, minimal research has been conducted to expand our understanding of effective classroom management. The purpose of this study was to: (a) explore preservice teachers’ perceptions of diverse pedagogical strategies that enhanced their confidence about and abilities in classroom management; and (b) assess how preservice teachers’ personal beliefs about and approaches to effective classroom management can change as a result of explicit and applied learning in SEL programming (i.e., Responsive Classroom). Individual semistructured interviews were conducted with 32 preservice teachers to obtain in-depth information regarding whether (and how) instructional methods used in their training program aided or hampered their knowledge and skill acquisition and assess for potential changes in participants’ personal beliefs and approaches to effective classroom management. Hypothetical classroom management vignettes were administered at three measurement points during the first year of the participants’ teacher preparation program to further explore how their approach to classroom management changed as a result of direct instruction and authentic school-based experiences. Inductive and deductive methods of thematic data analysis (Nastasi, 2009; Varjas, Nastasi, Moore, & Jayasena,
Adolescent Development of Biological Rhythms: Estradiol Dependence and Effects of Combined Contraceptives

Purpose Adolescence is a period of continuous development, including the maturation of endogenous rhythms across systems and timescales. Although these dynamic changes are well recognized, their continuous structure and hormonal dependence have not been systematically characterized. Given the well-established link between core body temperature (CBT) and reproductive hormones in adults, we hypothesized that high-resolution CBT can be applied to passively monitor pubertal development and disruption with high fidelity. Methods To examine this possibility, we used signal processing to investigate the trajectory of CBT rhythms at the within-day (ultradian), daily (circadian), and ovulatory timescales, their dependence on estradiol, and the effects of hormonal contraceptives. Results Puberty onset was marked by a rise in fecal estradiol (fE2), followed by an elevation in CBT and circadian power. This time period marked the commencement of 4-day rhythmicity in fE2, CBT, and ultradian power marking the onset of the estrous cycle. The rise in circadian amplitude was accelerated by E2 treatment, indicating a role for this hormone in rhythmic development. Contraceptive administration in later adolescence reduced CBT and circadian power and resulted in disruption to 4-day cycles that persisted after discontinuation. Conclusions Our data reveal with precise temporal resolution how biological rhythms change across adolescence and demonstrate a role for E2 in the emergence and preservation of multiscale rhythmicity. These findings also demonstrate how hormones delivered exogenously in a non-rhythmic pattern can disrupt rhythmic development. These data lay the groundwork for a future in which temperature metrics provide an inexpensive, convenient method for monitoring pubertal maturation and support the development of hormone therapies that better mimic and support human chronobiology.
Dynamic rupture on a planar fault in three‐dimensional half‐space – II. Validations and numerical experiments

SUMMARY In the present study, the boundary integral equations (BIEs) obtained in a companion paper are validated. Several typical problems, that is, spontaneous ruptures on faults with and without barriers in full space and on vertical faults in half-space, were considered. Then we investigated the effect of free surface on the dynamic processes on planar fault in half-space through several numerical experiments by comparing them with corresponding results in full space. The effects of depth and dip angle of fault, as well as barrier in half-space or full space, were explored in detail. Numerical results in the present study showed that the newly developed boundary integral equation method (BIEM), which is an extension of the current BIEM, is a powerful tool to study the dynamic processes on earthquake fault.
The Distortion of Public-Spirited Participatory Budgeting

Governments worldwide are increasingly turning to participatory budgeting (PB) as a tool for democratically allocating limited budgets to public-good projects. In PB, constituents vote on their preferred projects from a provided list via specially-designed ballots, and then an aggregation rule selects a set of projects whose total cost ﬁts within the budget. Recent work studies how to design PB ballot formats and aggregation rules that yield outcomes with low distortion (informally, those with high social welfare). Existing bounds, however, rely on strong assumptions that restrict voters’ latent utilities. We prove that low distortion PB outcomes can be achieved without any assumptions on voters’ utilities by leveraging the established idea that voters can be public-spirited : they may consider others’ interests alongside their own when when voting. Our results demonstrate that, within this model of voter behavior, several common ballot formats permit low distortion, often even outperforming existing bounds achieved under restricted utilities. These ﬁndings highlight the potential of democratic deliberation —a practice believed to cultivate public spirit, and which is commonplace in real-world PB—to enable higher-welfare outcomes in PB elections.
Ozone-oxidative-preconditioning alleviates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats via PKC-ERK1/2 pathway

BACKGROUND ： To explore the protective effect of ozone-oxidative-preconditioning (OzoneOP) through the protein kinase C (PKC), ERK1/2, and heat shock protein70 (HSP70) signal transduction in rats during hepatic ischemic-reperfusion (IR) injury. METHODS: We constructed an IR model by occluding all vessels of the rats’ left and median liver lobes for 45 min, followed by reperfusion for 3 h. Afterwards, we constructed the OzoneOP model via intraperitoneal injection of 1 mg · kg -1 · d -1 of 50 mg · L -1 ozone for 5 days to investigate the significance of PKC, ERK1/2 and HSP70 signal
Areal and point precipitation intensity changes: Implications for the application of climate models

It is demonstrated that the long‐term‐mean intensity of an area‐mean precipitation timeseries and the long‐term‐mean intensities at the points within the area of interest can change by different relative amounts if the spatial scale of precipitation events changes. This effect is problematic when trying to derive fine‐scale climate change scenarios from the statistics of area‐mean grid‐box precipitation simulated by climate models. Examples of this effect are given using model predictions of changing intensity and changing precipitation type (synoptic or convective).
University of Birmingham Organizational affordances

Affordance is an important concept in the field of HCI. There are various interpretations of affordances, often extending the original notion of James J. Gibson. Often the treatment of affordances in the current HCI literature has been as a one-to-one relationship between a user and an artefact. We believe that the social and cultural contexts within which an artefact is situated affect the way in which the artefact is used and the notion of affordance needs to be seen as a dynamic, always emerging relationship between people and their environment. Using a Structuration Theory approach, we conceptualize the notion of affordance at a much broader level, encompassing social and cultural aspects. We suggest that affordances should be seen at three levels: single user, organizational (or work group) and societal. Focusing on the organizational level affordances, we provide details of several important factors that affect the emergence of affordances.
MANIFOLD LEARNING FOR EMPIRICAL ASSET PRICING

This thesis develops a methodology for applying modern manifold embedding algorithms to the problem of empirical asset pricing. Our technique combines traditional linear compression with geometric dimensionality reduction in order to characterize the time-evolving distribution of a nonconstant dimensional time series using a small number of latent factors. We use this model to perform an asset pricing study on US equity data from 1980 to present, using a novel cross-validation approach suited to the problem. These preliminary results are competitive with, but do not significantly outperform, simpler models which are restricted to linear structure. We propose several extensions of the model and calibration techniques which may improve performance. Primary reader and advisor: Burhan Sadiq Secondary reader: Thomas Woolf
Late Quaternary high-resolution biomarker and other sedimentary climate proxies in a Northeast Atlantic Core

We studied variations in terrigenous input and sea surface temperature over the last 208 ka using a multiproxy approach, involving direct comparison of terrigenous and marine molecular biomarker, foraminiferal abundance, and other sedimentological data for the same horizons in a single northeast Atlantic core (core T88-9P; 48°23′N, 25°05′W, 3193 m water depth, 790 cm core length) with a well-resolved δ18O stratigraphy. The abundances of three land-derived, long-chain compound classes, the n-alkanes (C27, C29, and C31), the n-alkanoic acids (C24, C26, and C28), and the n-alkanols (C24, C26, and C28) show glacial/interglacial related changes in the past 208 ka which generally parallel the weight percent noncarbonate. The abundances of these three compound classes are higher in glacial than in interglacial sediments. Such changes are consistent with the expected higher dust inputs during glaciations as well as enhanced advection of particulate matter in current systems. Ice-rafted debris (Heinrich events) may also contribute to the terrigenous biomarker record. The sea surface temperature (SST) signals derived from the alkenone unsaturation index (UK′37) give an average SST during interglacial periods of 13°C, which is about 3–4°C higher than the average glacial SST estimate. The UK′37− derived SST values dropped markedly in some Heinrich layers, while sometimes leading the onset of the layer; the percent Neogloboquadrina pachyderma(s), which is another frequently used qualitative temperature proxy, generally shows maxima coinciding with the layers. Our results show that most Heinrich layers were produced during times of intensely cold waters in the eastern North Atlantic. They demonstrate that sufficient alkenones are present in the sediments for alkenone stratigraphy to be used as a tool for the assessment of short-term variations in sea surface temperatures even in these oligotrophic North Atlantic waters.
When Life Got Smart: The Evolution of Behavioral Complexity Through the Ediacaran and Early Cambrian of NW Canada

Abstract Ediacaran and early Cambrian strata in NW Canada contain abundant trace fossils that record the progressive development of complex behavior in early animal evolution. Five feeding groups can be recognized: microbial grazing, deposit-feeding, deposit-feeding/predatory, filter-feeding/predatory, and arthropod tracks and trails. The lower Blueflower Formation (ca. 560–550 Ma) contains abundant burrows that completely cover bedding surfaces with small (∼1 mm diameter) cylindrical burrows that were strictly restricted to microbial bedding surfaces and exhibited only primitive and inconsistent avoidance strategies. The upper Blueflower contains three-dimensional avoidance burrows and rare filter-feeding or possibly predatory burrows, suggesting increased behavioral responses in food gathering that marked the beginning of the agronomic revolution in substrate utilization. Cambrian strata of the Ingta Formation contain systematically meandering burrows and more diverse feeding strategies, including the onset of treptichnid probing burrows that may reflect predation. These observations imply that Ediacaran burrowers were largely characterized by crude, two-dimensional avoidance meanders that represented simple behavioral responses of individual burrowers to sensory information, and that the subsequent development of more diverse and complex feeding patterns with genetically programmed search pathways occurred during the earliest stages of the Cambrian explosion. These observations further imply that changes occurred in both the food source and substrate during the ecological transition from Proterozoic matgrounds to Phanerozoic mixgrounds.
Alternative Defibrillation Strategies for Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Cardiac arrest with refractory ventricular fibrillation (rVF) represents a dramatic medical emergency. Despite recent advances, its treatment is challenging and burdened by limited evidence. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims at establishing whether alternative defibrillation strategies (ADS), i.e. double sequential external defibrillation (DSED) or vector-change defibrillation (VCD), improve survival among patients with rVF compared to standard defibrillation (SD). Methods: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs), prospective and retrospective studies were included if: (1) compared ADS with SD in rVF; (2) conducted on patients [≥] 18 years old; (3) reported survival to hospital admission. English-language papers from MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, World Health Organization, EMBASE and CINAHL, published from inception to December 2022, were retrieved. The risk of bias was assessed following the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies and the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials, as appropriate. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled Odds Ratio (pOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI) of ADS and survival to hospital admission. Furthermore, a subgroup analysis was performed to compare SD with each type of ADS. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022379049). Results: Eight studies (2 RCTs, 5 retrospective and 1 case-control study) were retrieved for qualitative and quantitative analyses. The study population included 1405 patients (ADS = 493 vs. SD = 912) with a pooled mean age of 61.9 {+/-} 1.1 years; among them, 277 (19.7%) were female. The random-effect meta-analysis did not show differences in survival to hospital admission among ADS vs. SD (pOR = 1.12, 95%CI: 0.62-2.01). The subgroup analysis confirmed that neither DSED (pOR = 1.20, 95%CI: 0.56-2.58) nor VCD (pOR = 1.66, 95%CI: 0.10-27.02) were associated with improved survival to hospital admission. Main limitations were: i) few numbers of studies included with small sample size; and ii) female under-representation. Conclusion: The present manuscript did not show any difference on survival to hospital admission between the considered defibrillation strategies in rVF. This result highlights the need for further ad hoc clinical trials assessing the actual role of ADS
University of Birmingham Distress in patients with end-stage renal disease

Objectives To explore staff perceptions of barriers to the identification of mild to moderate distress and the provision of emotional support in patients with end-stage renal disease. Methods Qualitative semi-structured interviews with staff in two hospitals (n = 31), with data analysed using a hybrid approach combining thematic analysis with aspects of grounded theory. Staff appeared very disease experience distress, most How-ever, was looking not in Interviews identified six i) perceptions about how is and what variable; could because their whilst some
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Young children’s exploration of the indoor play space in center-based childcare van Liempd, I.M.J.A.; Oudgenoeg-Paz, O.; Fukkink, R.G.; Leseman, P.P.M

Exploration plays a key role in the development of children. While exploring, children develop new skills by perceiving and acting upon the possibilities for action that are specified in the environment. This study examined the relations between young children’s exploration during free play and the spatial characteristics of the indoor playroom space in childcare centers, using an observation scheme based on Gibson’s theory of perception-action affordances. The study was carried out in mixed-age groups, with ages ranging between 11 and 48 months. The results showed that depth of exploration of space was
Allan Hills 84025 - The second brachinite, far more differentiated than brachina, and an ultramafic achondritic clast from L chondrite Yamato 75097

New bulk-compositional and petrographic data tend to confirm that dunitic-wehrlitic meteorite ALH84025 is a second brachinite. It is suggested here that ALH84025 originated as an olivine heteradcumulate, whereas Brachina, or ALH84025, originated as an olivine orthocumulate. The tendency for pyroxenes among brachinites to be high-Ca may be a consequence of a relatively low MgO/FeO ratio, and/or high Na/Ca and K/Ca ratios in the bulk parent body. New data for a 2.5-cm dunite-melatroctolite clast from L6 chondrite Y75097 are reported. This clast has experience depletion of middle REE, except for a large (+) Eu anomaly. The clast as a whole is enriched in phosphates, but almost exclusively in its least-metamorphosed 'core' portion, whereas the analyzed samples represent phosphate-poor portions. It is suggested that this bizarre assemblage probably originated as an achondrite containing cumulus olivine, plagioclase, and phosphate, not necessarily all from a single igneous source rock.
The influence of solute size, pore water velocity, and intraparticle porosity on solute dispersion and transport in soil

The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of solute size, pore water velocity, and intraparticle porosity on dispersion and to delineate conditions under which it is appropriate to use a tracer-derived dispersivity to represent the dispersivity of other, dissimilar-sized solutes. This was accomplished by evaluating the physical properties of four porous media and the results of several column experiments performed with nonreactive tracers and these media. Intraparticle porosities of three sandy media were shown to constitute negligible fractions of the total porosities. As a result, intraparticle diffusion did not contribute to dispersive flux. The contribution of intraparticle diffusion, as well as film diffusion, to solute dispersion in fine-grained media having small intraparticle porosities will be negligible for most conditions. In addition, the importance of axial diffusion decreases as pore water velocity increases. Hydrodynamic dispersion is the predominant source of dispersion under these conditions, and, as such, dispersivity is essentially independent of solute size. Dispersivities determined with a tracer may therefore be used to represent the dispersivity of other, dissimilar-sized solutes. Under these conditions, the practice of using a nonreactive tracer such as 3H2O to characterize the dispersive properties of a soil column is valid. Solute dispersion in an aggregated soil was shown to be caused by a combination of hydrodynamic dispersion, film diffusion, and intraparticle diffusion. In addition, axial diffusion was shown to be important at low pore water velocities. Hence, the apparent dispersivities obtained by applying the single-component dispersion equation to transport in structured soils will generally be a function of solute size. The use of a tracer-derived dispersivity for solutes of different sizes would not be valid in this case.
Stratigraphy and depositional evolution of the uppermost Devonian‐carboniferous (Tournaisian‐ Westphalian) non‐marine deposits in north‐east Greenland

Abstract The new Traill O Group comprises the uppermost Devonian to Carboniferous sedimentary rocks in East Greenland. Palynologically productive intervals contain material described as five palynological zones and four assemblages, and suggest that the rocks are of Tournaisian to mid‐Visean and early Westphalian age. The Retispora lepidophyta Abundance Zone (1) correlates to the Tournaisian (Tnla‐b) lepidophyta‐explanatus Miospore Zone, and the Spelaeotriletes spp. ‐Lophozontriletes malevkensis Concurrent Range Assemblage (2) correlates to the Tournaisian (Tnlb) lepidophytanitidus Miospore Zone, both of Devonian age. The Bascaudaspora spp. Assemblage (3) has features shared with the hibernicus‐distinctus to pretiosus‐clavata Miospore zones, and the Grandispora uncata Assemblage (4) correlates to the pretiosusclavata Miospore Zone, both are of Tournaisian (Tn2–3) age. The Verrucosisporites spp. ‐Lycospora spp. Assemblage (5) and the Lycospora Abundance Zone (6) both correlate to the Visean Lycospora pusilla.
The 25 October 2010 Sumatra tsunami earthquake: Slip in a slow patch

Various models for the generation of tsunami earthquakes have been proposed, including shallow earthquake slip through low strength materials. Because these physical fault conditions would likely affect other earthquakes in the same rupture zone, source properties of other events may provide a guide to locations of tsunami earthquakes. The 25 October 2010 Mw = 7.8 Mentawai tsunami earthquake and surrounding events provide a test of this hypothesis. We determine slip patterns for the mainshock and relocate aftershocks, with the majority occurring in the near trench region. The two largest magnitude aftershocks occurred within the downdip end of the mainshock rupture area and have long moment‐normalized rupture duration, likely related to fault zone conditions. Several older relocated earthquakes at the northern edge of the 2010 rupture area also have long duration character, suggesting both spatial and temporal consistency in the conditions needed to produce slow seismic processes along this margin.