Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of multi-periodic self-trigger plasma in an AC-driven atmospheric pressure plasma jet

Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jets have been intensively studied due to their potential application in biological fields but some of their physics properties are still not well understood. In the present article, a helium plasma jet driven by 15–18 kHz sinusoidal voltage ignites multi-periodic self-triggered mode or random mode depending on the applied voltage, driven frequency and inter-electrode gap distance. Most of the observed multiperiodic bullets operate every 2 or 3 sinusoidal periods. Such bullets show similarities with pulsed operating mode, having a jitter of less than 100 ns. The presence of an outer grounded electrode ring is a key parameter permitting the ignition of multiperiodic bullets; it also enhances the propagation length up to 8 times. Fast imaging reveals that 2–3 self-triggered discharges occur in the gap region prior to ignition of the bullet in both positive or negative polarities; this leads to an accumulation of charges beneath the ground electrode, locally enhancing the electric field. Bullet velocities for different polarities and gap distances are compared using optical emission spectrum.
Global behaviour of an SIR epidemic model with time delay

We study the stability of a delay susceptible–infective–recovered epidemic model with time delay. The model is formulated under the assumption that all individuals are susceptible, and we analyse the global stability via two methods—by Lyapunov functionals, and—in terms of the variance of the variables. The main theorem shows that the endemic equilibrium is stable. If the basic reproduction number ℛ0 is less than unity, by LaSalle invariance principle, the disease‐free equilibrium Es is globally stable and the disease always dies out. By applying the integral averaging theory, we also investigate the stability in variance of the model. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trainee psychologists’ experiences of learning and conducting psychodynamic therapy via telepsychology

Despite extensive research on telepsychology, less attention has been devoted to psychodynamic therapy (PDT), especially trainee psychologists’ experience of learning and conducting online PDT. Using inductive thematic analysis, this study explored the experiences of student psychologists learning and conducting PDT via video-based web platforms. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 Australian trainee psychologists, all completing the psychodynamic component of their clinical psychology training. Interviews addressed participants’ experiences of online PDT learning and psychotherapy practice, generating five main themes: (1) technological barriers and their impacts, (2) overcoming telepsychology limitations through awareness and adaptation, (3) benefits of telepsychology, (4) effectiveness of psychodynamic telepsychology, and (5) experience of online psychotherapy learning. Participants reported that the paucity of sensory information, client resistance, distraction, problems maintaining therapy boundaries, supervisor opposition, and technological limitations made online PDT difficult to conduct and less effective than in-person treatment. However, some participants noted that the anxiety of commencing PDT delivery was reduced online, and that the ‘layer of separation’ assisted countertransference management. Notwithstanding its inherent limitations, online PDT was perceived to be relatively effective, but this requires specific training in adapting traditional psychodynamic techniques. Furthermore, PDT may be effectively learned online, but is an inferior alternative to in-person training.
An Optimal Guidance Law Applied to Quadrotor Using LQR Method

The optimal guidance law of an autonomous four-rotor helicopter, called the Quadrotor, using linear quadratic regulators (LQR) is presented in this paper. The dynamic equations of the Quadrotor are considered nonlinear so to find an LQR controller, it is necessary that these equations be linearized in different operation points. Due to importance of energy consumption in Quadrotors, minimum energy is selected as the optimal criteria.
Evaluation of an Antifungal Stewardship Initiative Targeting Micafungin at an Academic Medical Center

Delays in the treatment of proven invasive fungal disease have been shown to be harmful. However, empiric treatment for all patients at risk of infection has not demonstrated benefit. This study evaluates the effects of a micafungin stewardship initiative on the duration of therapy and clinical outcomes at the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson, Mississippi. This single-center quasi-experiment evaluated patients who received micafungin. Adult inpatients who received at least one treatment dose of micafungin in the pre-intervention (1 October 2020 to 30 September 2021) or post-intervention (1 October 2021 to 30 April 2022) groups were included. Patients were placed on micafungin for prophylaxis and those who required definitive micafungin therapy were excluded. An algorithm was used to provide real-time recommendations in order to assess change in the treatment days of micafungin therapy. A total of 282 patients were included (141 pre-group versus 141 post-group). Over 80% of the patients included in the study were in an intensive care unit, and other baseline characteristics were similar. The median number of treatment days with micafungin was 4 [IQR 3-6] in the pre-group and 3 [IQR 2-6] in the post-group (p = 0.005). Other endpoints, such as time to discontinuation or de-escalation, hospital mortality, and hospital length of stay, were not significantly different between the groups. An antifungal stewardship initiative can be an effective way to decrease unnecessary empiric antifungal therapy for patients who are at risk of invasive fugal disease.
Effects of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma Agonists on Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to be a risk factor for dementia, especially in the elderly population, and close associations between diabetes and Alzheimer disease (AD) have been determined. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) agonists are insulin-sensitising drugs. In addition to their anti-diabetic properties, their effectiveness in preventing and decreasing cognitive impairment are the most recent characteristics that have been studied. For this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to critically analyse and evaluate the existing data on the effects of PPAR-γ agonist therapy on the cognitive status of patients. For this purpose, we first analysed both early intervention and later treatment with PPAR-γ agonists, according to the disease status. The involved studies indicated that early PPAR-γ agonist intervention is beneficial for patients and that high-dose PPAR-γ therapy may have a better clinical effect, especially in reversing the effects of cognitive impairment. Furthermore, the efficacy of pioglitazone (PIO) seems to be promising, particularly for patients with comorbid diabetes. PIO presented a better clinical curative effect and safety, compared with rosiglitazone (RSG). Thus, PPAR-γ agonists play an important role in the inflammatory response of AD or DM patients, and clinical therapeutics should focus more on relevant metabolic indices.
Ensemble Modeling of Radiation Belt Electron Acceleration by Chorus Waves: Dependence on Key Input Parameters

We perform ensemble simulations of radiation belt electron acceleration using the quasi‐linear approach during the storm on 9 October 2012, where chorus waves dominated electron acceleration at L = 5.2. Based on a superposed epoch analysis of 11 similar storms when both multi‐MeV electron flux enhancements and chorus wave activities were observed by Van Allen Probes, we use percentiles to sample the normalized input distributions for the four key inputs to estimate their relative perturbations. Using 11 points in each input parameter including chorus wave amplitude Bw, chorus wave peak frequency fm, background magnetic field B0, and electron density Ne, we ran 114 simulations to quantify the impact of uncertainties in the input parameters on the resulting simulated electron acceleration by chorus. By comparing the simulations to observations, our ensemble simulations reveal that inaccuracies in all four input parameters significantly affect the simulated electron acceleration, with the largest simulation errors attributed to the uncertainties in Bw, Ne, and fm. The simulation can deviate from the observations by four orders of magnitude, while members with largest probability density (smallest perturbations in the input) provide reasonable estimations of output fluxes with log accuracy errors concentrated between ∼−2.0 and 0.5. Quantifying the uncertainties in our study is a prerequisite for the validation of our radiation belt electron model and improvements of accurate electron flux predictions.
Rotational excitation of H2 in collision with H

Rate coefficients for the reactive processes of ortho-para conversion in which the j = 0 rotational level of molecular hydrogen is excited to the j = 1 and j = 3 level by impacts with hydrogen atoms are calculated for temperatures between 30 K and 1000 K using a fully converged complete close-coupled method. Rate coefficients are also obtained for the excitation from the j = 0 to the j = 2 rotational level and from the j = 1 to the j = 3 rotational level. The interference between the direct and reactive channels is taken into account as is the geometric phase resulting from the adiabatic separation of electronic and nuclear motion that generates the potential energy surface. Convenient analytic representations of the rate coefficients are presented.
Redshift Survey of Galaxies around a Selected Sample of Compact Groups

We report the results of a spectroscopic survey of faint galaxies in the regions surrounding Hickson compact groups. Our sample is composed of 17 groups within 9000 km s-1. The spectra were taken at the prime focus of the Tololo 4 m telescope, using the ARGUS fiber-fed spectrograph. From these observations, redshifts were determined for the faint galaxies previously identified by de Carvalho, Ribeiro, & Zepf in the surroundings of the groups. Statistical methods were applied to the resultant catalog in order to determine the kinematical structure of each group. This analysis confirms the idea that the Hickson sample of compact groups contains a wide variety of projection and dynamical configurations. Our results demonstrate the necessity of new spectroscopic surveys around compact groups in order to assess their complete velocity distribution.
New proofs of weighted inequalities for the one-sided Hardy-Littlewood maximal functions

In this note we give a simple proof of the characterization of the weights for which the one-sided Hardy-Littlewood maximal functions apply LP(V) into weakLP (U) and a direct proof of the characterization of the weights for which the one-sided Hardy-Littlewood maximal functions apply LP(W) into LP(W).
The Hα and [O iii] λ5007 Luminosity Functions of 1.2 < z < 1.9 Emission-line Galaxies from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Grism Spectroscopy

Euclid and the Roman Space Telescope (Roman) will soon use grism spectroscopy to detect millions of galaxies via their Hα and [O iii] λ5007 emission. To better constrain the expected galaxy counts from these instruments, we use a vetted sample of 4239 emission-line galaxies from the 3D Hubble Space Telescope survey to measure the Hα and [O iii] λ5007 luminosity functions between 1.16 < z < 1.90; this sample is ∼4 times larger than previous studies at this redshift. We find very good agreement with previous measurements for Hα, but for [O iii], we predict a higher number of intermediate-luminosity galaxies than from previous works. We find that, for both lines, the characteristic luminosity, * , increases monotonically with redshift, and use the Hα luminosity function to calculate the epoch’s cosmic star formation rate density. We find that Hα-visible galaxies account for ∼81% of the epoch’s total star formation rate, and this value changes very little over the 1.16 < z < 1.56 redshift range. Finally, we derive the surface density of galaxies as a function of limiting flux and find that previous predictions for galaxy counts for the Euclid Wide Survey are unchanged, but there may be more [O iii] galaxies in the Roman High Latitude Survey than previously estimated.
Alfvén continuum in the presence of a magnetic island in a cylinder configuration

In this work, the effect of a magnetic island on Alfvén waves is studied. A physical model is established wherein Alfvén waves propagate in the presence of a magnetic island in a cylindrical geometry. The structure of the Alfvén wave continuum is calculated by considering only the coupling caused by the periodicity in the helical angle of the magnetic island. The results show that the magnetic island can induce an upshift in the Alfvén continuum. Moreover, the coupling between different branches of the continuous spectrum becomes more significant with increasing continuum mode numbers near the boundary of the magnetic island.
Prototype of an experimental stand for investigating heat and moisture transfer phenomena in building materials

The prototype of an experimental stand for studying drying building materials is presented in the paper. The stand is designed to validate a numerical model of heat and moisture transfer in porous media. The experiment was conducted in forced convection conditions. A building material sample was located in a holder so that only one surface (the top one) had contact with flowing air in the duct. The sample exchanged heat and moisture with the flowing air through this surface. Two fans at the end of the duct induced the airflow through the vent. The stand was placed in a climatic chamber, stabilizing the temperature (22.5°C) and relative humidity (50%) during the experiment. A tensometric beam was used to measure the temporal variation of the sample mass. A resistance thermometer (PT100) was used to measure the temperature on the sample surface. Four samples (90×90×30mm each) from cellular concrete were prepared. Each sample was dried before the experiment, immersed in water for 24h, then wrapped in the foil and preconditioned (24h) in a climate chamber to equalize the temperature. The samples were dried on the stand for 48 hours. The procedure was repeated twice. The repeatability of results has been achieved. However, the accuracy of the experimental stand was insufficient. Hence further modifications need to be made were proposed.
Strongly Depleted Methanol and Hypervolatiles in Comet C/2021 A1 (Leonard): Signatures of Interstellar Chemistry?

We measured the chemical composition of comet C/2021 A1 (Leonard) using the long-slit echelle grating spectrograph iSHELL/IRTF on 2021 December 20 and on 2022 January 8 and 9. We sampled 11 primary volatiles (H2O, HCN, NH3, CO, C2H2, C2H6, CH4, CH3OH, H2CO, OCS, and HCl) and three product species (CN, NH2, and OH) and retrieved their molecular abundances, which can serve as important cosmogonic indicators. The abundance ratios, relative to water, of almost all trace volatiles appear to be depleted relative to reference values, with methanol abundance among the lowest observed in a comet. The observed stronger depletion of CH3OH, relative to CO, CH4, and C2H6, could be evidence of an interstellar medium (ISM) chemistry signature in comet/Leonard ices. Both the detection of HCl and the detection of OCS support the idea of interstellar origin for comet/Leonard ices, since they are preferentially formed via solid-phase interstellar chemistry and are then found depleted in dense molecular clouds and protoplanetary disks, suggesting that their abundances in comets might retain a signature from the ISM era. The comet also revealed a complex outgassing pattern, with volatiles largely shifted toward the sunward direction, relative to the dust profiles that appeared centered on the nucleus-centric position. Here we present emission profiles measured along the Sun–comet line for brightest lines of H2O, HCN, C2H6, and CO, and we show that they follow the release of water in similar fashion, interpreting this as indication of a not strict relationship between polar and apolar ices.
Experimental verification of conditions within the cups in the cup method of water vapor permeability measurement

Vapor transmission coefficients of building materials can be determined using the cup method, known from ASTM and ISO standards. The measurement principle is simple, but the method is known to be problematic. In this paper, problems concerning the discrepancy between assumed and real values of relative humidity inside the cups are investigated. This concerns especially dry cups, in which desiccants are expected to produce relative humidity close to 0%. Interestingly, there are studies which suggest a much greater value should be used. To verify these claims, experiments were conducted for cups filled with calcium chloride (CaCl2), and saturated aqueous solution of potassium nitride (KNO3), covered with hemp-lime concrete samples. The study confirms earlier reports of a discrepancy between actual and assumed values of relative humidity inside the cups and shows that they might introduce significant error in the measurement of water vapor transmission coefficients.
Quasi-two-dimensional Fermi surfaces and the de Haas-van Alphen oscillation in both the normal and superconducting mixed states of CeCoIn5

We observed de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) oscillation in both the normal and superconducting mixed states of a heavy-fermion superconductor CeCoIn5. The Fermi surfaces are found to consist of nearly cylindrical Fermi surfaces and small ellipsoidal ones, reflecting the unique tetragonal crystal structure. The detected cyclotron masses of 5-87 m0 for these Fermi surfaces are extremely large, and correspond to a large electronic specific heat coefficient of about 1000 mJ K-2 mol-1. The cyclotron masses are also found to be field dependent in both the normal and mixed states.
Magnetic anisotropy of FeGa alloys

Cubic magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants, K1 and K2, for Fe1−xGax alloys were measured using magnetization curves with x=0.05, 0.125, 0.14, 0.18, and 0.20. Thin circular (110) disks all with 〈100〉, 〈110〉, and 〈111〉 in the plane of the disk were used to measure K1 and K2. K1 was also measured with (100) circular disks. K1 for 5 at. % Ga content was found to be larger than that of pure Fe. (All compositions mentioned hereafter are atomic percents.) K1 and K2 both drop gradually up to 18 at. % Ga substitution. Then there is a sharp drop in the magnitude of both constants. K2 was found to be equal to −9K1/4 and the 〈110〉 and 〈111〉 directions were equally hard magnetically for all compositions considered in this study. Calculation of the anisotropy energy density verifies this result. K1 measured from both (110) and (100) disks was reasonably consistent.
Projection Formulas, a Reproducing Kernel and a Generating Function for q-Wilson Polynomials

A projection formula for the q-Wilson polynomials $p_n (x;a,b,c,d)$ is obtained which is then used to construct a reproducing kernel. Using Askey and Wilson’s q-analogue of the beta integral an integral representation is obtained for a very well-poised ${}_8 \phi _7 $ as a q-analogue of Euler’s integral formula for a ${}_2 F_1 $. As an application of these results a generating function is obtained for the continuous q-Jacobi polynomials introduced by Askey and Wilson.
Pressure Shifts and Pressure Broadening of the B and γ Bands of Oxygen

Abstract Measurements of pressure shift and pressure broadening in molecular oxygen have been made for rotational transitions in the B (1←0) and γ (2←0) vibrational bands of the b1Σ+g←X3Σ−g visible electronic transition. The absorption features were measured simultaneously in two cells by photoacoustic spectroscopy using a scanning dye laser. The measurements were made with background gases of both pure oxygen and air at room temperature. The pressure shifts were all negative. The measurements show the magnitude of the pressure shift increasing with vibrational quantum number when compared with existing data for the A (0←0) band. The shifts also increase with rotational number within each vibrational band. The shifts in air are larger than in oxygen although the difference gets smaller with vibrational number. The average shifts in air for the A, B, and γ bands were 36, 11, and 0.2% higher, respectively, than in pure oxygen. The pressure broadening of the rotational lines does not change significantly with vibrational number and in general decreases with rotational number within a band. The pressure shift measurements were used by the high-resolution Doppler imager (on the Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite) to correct the Doppler wind measurements.
TIME‐REVERSIBILITY, IDENTIFIABILITY AND INDEPENDENCE OF INNOVATIONS FOR STATIONARY TIME SERIES

Weiss (J. Appl. Prob. 12 (1975) 831–36) has shown that for causal autoregressive moving-average (ARMA) models with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) noise, time-reversibility is essentially unique to Gaussian processes. This result extends to quite general linear processes and the extension can be used to deduce that a non-Gaussian fractionally integrated ARMA process has at most one representation as a moving average of i.i. d. random variables with finite variance. In the proof of this uniqueness result, we use a time-reversibility argument to show that the innovations sequence (one-step prediction residuals) of an ARMA process driven by i.i. d. non-Gaussian noise is typically not independent, a result of interest in deconvolution problems. Further, we consider the case of an ARMA process to which independent noise is added. Using a time-reversibility argument we show that the innovations of the ARMA process with added independent noise are independent if and only if both the driving noise of the process and the added noise are Gaussian.
The co-occurrence of genetic variants in the TYR and OCA2 genes confers susceptibility to albinism

Although rare genetic conditions are mostly caused by DNA sequence alterations that functionally disrupt individual genes, large-scale studies using genome sequencing have started to unmask additional complexity. Understanding how combinations of variants in different genes shape human phenotypes is expected to provide important insights into the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of rare disorders. We used albinism, an archetypal rare condition associated with hypopigmentation, as an exemplar for the study of genetic interactions. We analysed data from the Genomics England 100,000 Genomes Project alongside a cohort of 1,121 individuals with albinism, and investigated the effect of dual heterozygosity for the combination of two established albinism-related variants: TYR:c.1205G>A (p.Arg402Gln) [rs1126809] and OCA2:c.1327G>A (p.Val443Ile) [rs74653330]. As each of these changes alone is insufficient to cause disease when present in the heterozygous state, we sought evidence of synergistic effects. We found that, when both variants are present, the probability of receiving a diagnosis of albinism is significantly increased (odds ratio 7.9; 95% confidence interval 4.4-13.2; p-value 4 x 10-9). Further analyses in an independent cohort, the UK Biobank, supported this finding and highlighted that heterozygosity for the TYR:c.1205G>A and OCA2:c.1327G>A variant combination is associated with statistically significant alterations in visual acuity and central retinal thickness (traits that are considered albinism endophenotypes). The approach discussed in this report opens up new avenues for the investigation of oligogenic patterns in apparently Mendelian disorders.