Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Late Acute Kidney Injury is a Poor Prognosis Sign in Severe Burns: A Retrospective Cohort Study

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a morbid complication and the main cause of multiple organ failure and death in severely burned patients. The objective of this study was to explore the epidemiological characteristics, the risk factors, and impact of both early and late AKIs, respectively.MethodsThis retrospective study was performed with prospectively collected data of severely burned patients from the Institute of Burn Research in Southwest Hospital during 2011-2017. AKI was diagnosed according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria (2012), and it was divided into early and late AKIs depending on its onset time (within the first 3 days or >3 days post burn). The baseline characteristics, clinical data, and outcomes of the three groups (early AKI, late AKI and non-AKI) were compared using logistic regression analysis. Mortality predictors of patients with AKI were assessed.ResultsA total of 637 patients were included in analysis. The incidence of AKI was 36.9% (early AKI 29.4%, late AKI 10.0%). The mortality of patients with AKI was 32.3% (early AKI 25.7%, late AKI 56.3%), and that of patients without AKI was 2.5%. AKI was independently associated with obviously increased mortality of severely burned patients [early AKI, OR = 12.98 (6.08-27.72); late AKI, OR = 34.02 (15.69-73.75)]. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age, gender, total burn surface area (TBSA), full-thickness burns of TBSA, chronic comorbidities (hypertension or/and diabetes), hypovolemic shock of early burn, and tracheotomy were independent risk factors for both early and late AKIs. However, sepsis was only a risk factor for late AKI. Decompression escharotomy was a protective factor for both AKIs. ConclusionsAKI remains prevalent and is associated with high mortality in severely burned patients. Compared with early AKI, late AKI has a lower occurrence rate, but greater severity and worse prognosis，is a devastating complication. Late AKI is a poor prognosis sign in severe burns.
Tissue Segmentation from Whole-Slide Images Using Lightweight Neural Networks

Pathology slides of malignancies are segmented using lightweight convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that may be deployed on mobile devices. This is made possible by preprocessing candidate images to make CNN analysis tractable and also to exclude regions unlikely to be diagnostically relevant. In a training phase, labeled whole-slide histopathology images are first downsampled and decomposed into square tiles. Tiles corresponding to diseased regions are analyzed to determine boundary values of a visual criterion, image entropy. A lightweight CNN is then trained to distinguish tiles of diseased and non-diseased tissue, and if more than one disease type is present, to discriminate among these as well. A segmentation is generated by downsampling and tiling a candidate image, and retaining only those tiles with values of the visual criterion falling within the previously established extrema. The sifted tiles, which now exclude much of the non-diseased image content, are efficiently and accurately classified by the trained CNN. Tiles classified as diseased tissue -- or in the case of multiple possible subtypes, as the dominant subtype in the tile set -- are combined, either as a simple union or at a pixel level, to produce a segmentation mask or map. This approach was applied successfully to two very different datasets of large whole-slide images, one (PAIP2020) involving multiple subtypes of colorectal cancer and the other (CAMELYON16) single-type breast-cancer metastases. Scored using standard similarity metrics, the segmentations exhibited notably high recall, even when tiles were large relative to tumor features. With segmentations that can be generated locally and broadcast widely, efficiencies in utilizing expert resources can be achieved.
Institution-Broker Relationship and Mutual Fund Proxy Voting*

We show that mutual funds are more likely to hold and significantly overweight stocks of their broker banks. Correspondingly, funds’ proxy voting is biased towards management of their brokers in contentious proposals. Such voting bias has a material impact on voting outcomes. In return, client mutual funds with greater portfolio overweighting and voting support receive larger allocations of underpriced IPOs from connected broker banks. Our study not only uncovers a new mechanism—being brokers’ friendly shareholders—through which the two parties maintain their quid pro quo relationships, it also raises a broader concern on shareholder monitoring of important financial institutions. JEL Classification: G11; G23; G24; G30
Family Caregivers' Experiences of Caring for Patients with COVID-19: A Phenomenological Study

Background: Family caregivers of patients with COVID-19 face many challenges that affect their physical and mental health. Aim: The aim of the present study was to explore the family caregivers' experiences of caring for patients with COVID-19. Methods: This qualitative phenomenological study was performed based on 13 family caregivers who had experience in home caring for patients with COVID-19. Data were collected through purposive sampling with in-depth semi-structured interviews. The Colaizzi's 7-step method was used to determine themes. The MAXQDA10 software was used to manage qualitative data analysis.Results: Five themes of (a) “nature of the disease” with 2 subcategories, including “fluctuating symptoms” and “emergent and unpredictable disease;” (b) “unmet needs” with 3 subcategories, including “lack of knowledge,” “lack of health facilities,” and” financial problems;” (c) “unpleasant physical, psychological, and social experiences” with 3 subcategories, including “unpleasant physical experiences,” “unpleasant psychological experiences,” and “unpleasant social experiences;” (d) “care facilitators” with 3 subcategories, including “social support,” “adaptive mechanisms,” and “intrinsic motivations;” and (e) “positive experiences” with 3 subcategories, including “promoting spirituality,” “improving relationships,” and “growth” were extracted.Conclusion: Information and financial support for COVID-19 should be provided to family caregivers. Also, community members should embrace patients and family caregivers and reinforce the positive experiences of caregivers.
Dissolution of Neptunium Dioxide in Aqueous Solutions Effect of Chloride Concentration on the Solubility of Amorphous Uranium Dioxide at 25 °C Under Reducing Conditions

Dissolution of Np0 2 (s) in NaC104 solutions of pH 2 to 6 was studied for durations up to 391 days at temperatures of 30 to 90 °C. Constant dissolution rates were observed following the initial non-linear dissolution that finished within the first two to three weeks. The obtained constant dissolution rates were 11 to 115 ppm/d at 30 °C, decreasing with the increase of pH between 2 and 6. Their temperature-dependence was small.
Knowledge, attitude and behavior towards COVID-19 among the Turkish healthcare workers

Aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and the number of deaths linked to this disease have been increasing day by day, turning into a global health problem. Healthcare workers play a key role in the fight against COVID-19. It is aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and behavior of Turkish healthcare workers towards COVID-19. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out with healthcare workers working in two state hospitals in Ankara and Bingol, Turkey. The participation rate in the survey was 76%, and the survey was completed by 836 healthcare workers. Results: 56.3% of the participants are women, 64.9% are married and 44.9% are nurses. It was found that 85% of the healthcare workers had a medium level of knowledge, 87% had a high level of attitude and 89% had a high level of behavior. In addition, a significant difference was found in the knowledge level of healthcare workers according to monthly income level and profession, and their behaviors by age (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant positive correlation between knowledge, attitude and behavior towards COVID-19. Healthcare workers' training curricula and in-service training should provide information that will improve their knowledge, attitudes and behaviour towards COVID-19.
A Modified Thakur Three-Step Iterative Algorithm to Garcia-Falset Mappings and Variational Inequalities

In this paper, we suggest and analyze a modified Thakur three-step iterative algorithm to approximate a common element of the set of common fixed points of Garcia-Falset mappings and the set of solutions of some variational inequalities in Banach spaces. We also establish strong convergence theorems for a common solution of the above-said problems by the proposed iterative algorithm without the compactness assumption. The methods in this paper are novel and different from those given in many other papers. And the results are the extension and improvement of the recent results announced by many others.
The Cassidinae and Cryptocephalini (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) of Sicily: recent records and updated checklist

This paper compiles an updated checklist of the Sicilian Cassidinae and Cryptocephalini species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae and Cryptocephalinae) starting from a critical bibliographic screening and adding new material, mainly collected by the first author in the last few decades. A total of 61 species is reported, with new data for many rarely collected taxa. The provided data expand the known distribution of many uncommon species in Sicily. Two species are recorded for the first time: Cassida inopinata Sassi and Borowiec, 2006 and Cryptocephalus (Cryptocephalus) bimaculatus Fabricius, 1781 and two uncertain presences are confirmed: Cassida deflorata Suffrian, 1844 and Cassida nobilis Linne, 1758. The presence of other sixteen species is considered questionable and needs further confirmation.
Synthesis of Ni-doped ZnO nanostructures by low-temperature wet chemical method and their enhanced field emission properties

In this study, we report an enhancement in the field emission (FE) properties of ZnO nanostructures obtained by doping with Ni at a base pressure of ∼1 × 10−8 mbar, which were grown by a simple wet chemical process. The ZnO nanostructures exhibited a single-crystalline wurtzite structure up to a Ni doping level of 10%. FESEM showed a change in the morphology of the nanostructures from thick nanoneedles to nanoflakes via thin nanorods with an increase in the Ni doping level in ZnO. The turn-on field required to generate a field emission (FE) current density of 1 μA cm−2 was found to be 2.5, 2.3, 1.8 and 1.7 V μm−1 for ZnO (Ni0%), ZnO (Ni5%), ZnO (Ni7.5%) and ZnO (Ni10%), respectively. A maximum current density of ∼872 μA cm−2 was achievable, which was generated at an applied field of 3.1 V μm−1 for a Ni doping level of 10% in ZnO. Long-term operational current stability was recorded at a preset value of 5 μA for a duration of 3 h and was found to be very high. The experimental results indicate that Ni-doped ZnO-based field emitters can open up many opportunities for their potential use as an electron source in flat panel displays, transmission electron microscopy, and the generation of X-rays. Thus, the simple low-temperature (∼80 °C) wet chemical synthesis approach and the robust nature of the ZnO nanostructure field emitter can provide prospects for the future development of cost-effective electron sources.
Determination of the Natural Radioactivity Levels in Selected Areas of Zarqa, Jordan

In the current study, the concentration levels of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) of 238U, 232Th, and 40K in the surface soil samples of selected areas in Zarqa/Jordan were studied. The collected soil samples were analyzed by means of gamma-ray spectrometry. Radioactivity concentration of the naturally occurring radionuclide of 238U, 232Th, and 40K in the soil samples varies from 30.72± 2.48 Bq kg-1 to 1428.57 Bq kg-1, below detection limit (BDL) to 22.98 ±2.95 Bq kg-1, and < 8.21 Bq kg-1 to 584.59 ±26.3 Bq kg-1 respectively. Radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent were also calculated for assessment of radiological risk. External hazard value (Hex) is between 0.71 and 3.863. In this study 238U concentration is higher than the acceptable reported by UNSCEAR- 2000.
Characterizing the Response of Vegetation Cover to Water Limitation in Africa Using Geostationary Satellites

Hydrological interactions between vegetation, soil, and topography are complex, and heterogeneous in semi‐arid landscapes. This along with data scarcity poses challenges for large‐scale modeling of vegetation‐water interactions. Here, we exploit metrics derived from daily Meteosat data over Africa at ca. 5 km spatial resolution for ecohydrological analysis. Their spatial patterns are based on Fractional Vegetation Cover (FVC) time series and emphasize limiting conditions of the seasonal wet to dry transition: the minimum and maximum FVC of temporal record, the FVC decay rate and the FVC integral over the decay period. We investigate the relevance of these metrics for large scale ecohydrological studies by assessing their co‐variation with soil moisture, and with topographic, soil, and vegetation factors. Consistent with our initial hypothesis, FVC minimum and maximum increase with soil moisture, while the FVC integral and decay rate peak at intermediate soil moisture. We find evidence for the relevance of topographic moisture variations in arid regions, which, counter‐intuitively, is detectable in the maximum but not in the minimum FVC. We find no clear evidence for wide‐spread occurrence of the “inverse texture effect” on FVC. The FVC integral over the decay period correlates with independent data sets of plant water storage capacity or rooting depth while correlations increase with aridity. In arid regions, the FVC decay rate decreases with canopy height and tree cover fraction as expected for ecosystems with a more conservative water‐use strategy. Thus, our observation‐based products have large potential for better understanding complex vegetation‐water interactions from regional to continental scales.
HUBUNGAN BERAT BADAN LAHIR RENDAH (BBLR)DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA USIA 2-5 TAHUN DI DESA UMBULREJO KECAMATAN PONJONG KABUPATEN GUNUNG KIDUL

Latar belakang: Stunting masih menjadi permasalahan kehidupan balita saat ini, stunting yang dialami oleh balita dapat berdampak buruk saat balita besar dan dewasa kelak. Dampak balita stunting dapat menurunkan kecerdasan sehingga dapat menurunkan kualitas sumber daya manusia di masa depan. BBLR diduga sebagai faktor resiko terjadinya stunting pada balita.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan BBLR dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 2-5 tahu di Desa Umbulrejo, Ponjong, Gunungkidul.Metode: Desain penelitian menggunakan rancangan case control dengan metode analitik korelasional dan pendekatan retrospektif. sampel 32 kasus dan 32 kontrol dengan teknik purposive sampling, analisis data menggunakan chi square.Hasil: Hasi penelitian diperoleh sebanyak 27 (42,2 %) balita memiliki riwayat BBLR, dan balita yang mengalami stunting sebanyak 32 (100 %). Hasil uji Chi Square menunjukan nilai p vallue <0,000 dan nilai OR 0,056. Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara BBLR dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 2-5 tahun di Desa Umbulrejo.
Classification of mass and nonmass regions on mammograms using artificial neural networks

This is a feasibility study on training an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) classifier to detect mass regions on mammograms, using a database consisting of 87 clinical mammograms. Texture features extracted from manually selected regions of interest in the mammograms, including masses and normal breast parenchyma, were input into a three-layer feed-forward ANN. The data were divided into five groups, and different combinations of these groups formed four sets of training and test data. We achieved on the average a true positive fraction of 84% at a false positive fraction of 34% with an ambiguity rate of 5%. We did not observe performance improvement with a four-layer ANN. This pilot study paves the way for further studies in classification of different types of masses and normal breast parenchyma
Analysis of the Blocking Effect in Equivalence Classes Established by Match-to-Sample and Respondent-Type Training

Background/Objective: Blocking occurs when previous conditioning with one stimulus reduces, or blocks, conditioning to a second redundant stimulus added later in training or conditioning procedures. Previous research has suggested that blocking may occur during equivalence class formation. Although both match-to-sample and respondent-type training have been used to establish equivalence classes, blocking has only been studied using match to sample procedures. Previous research on blocking in equivalence class formation did not utilize control groups, limiting the conclusions drawn from those studies. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to compare match-to-sample and respondent-type training for their susceptibility to blocking in three-member equivalence classes using control conditions. Method: A total of 27 participants were exposed to match-to-sample or respondent-type training procedures to form equivalence classes using a linear series training structure. Within each training procedure, one group of participants was exposed to a blocking condition and one was not. Results: Results indicated that the blocking did not occur for the 4 of 6 participants who formed equivalence classes. Patterns of responding that would be expected if blocking occurred were seen in both experimental and control conditions. Conclusions: Results obtained in the current study indicate that some processes other than blocking are involved when stimuli fail to enter equivalence classes. Future research should examine other processes involved when stimuli fail to enter into equivalence classes after training.
Bottom Up Construction of a Personality Taxonomy

In pursuit of a more systematic and comprehensive framework for personality assessment, we introduce procedures for assessing personality traits at the lowest level: nuances. We argue that constructing a personality taxonomy from the bottom up addresses some of the limitations of extant top-down assessment frameworks (e.g., the Big Five), including the opportunity to resolve confusion about the breadth and scope of traits at different levels of organization, evaluate unique and reliable trait variance at the item level, and clarify jingle/jangle issues in personality assessment. With a focus on applications in survey methodology and transparent documentation, our procedures contain six steps: (1) identification of a highly inclusive pool of candidate items, (2) programmatic evaluation and documentation of item characteristics, (3) test-retest analyses of items with adequate qualitative and quantitative properties, (4) analysis of cross-ratings from multiple raters for items with adequate retest reliability, (5) aggregation of ratings across diverse samples to evaluate generalizability across populations, (6) evaluations of predictive utility in various contexts. We hope these recommendations are the first step in a collaborative effort to identify a comprehensive pool of personality nuances at the lowest level, enabling subsequent construction of a robust hierarchy -- from the bottom up.
Leptin Supplementation Stimulates Synergism with Growth Factors and Hormones to Express Its Receptor in Cultured Preantral Follicles of Sheep

Background: Leptin receptor is a transmembrane receptor that regulates reproduction at molecular level.Since for action of any hormone on target cell and to have local action on any tissue, expression of its own receptor is necessary and also it is not known whether such improvement in ovarian follicular development by Leptin is mediated through presence of its homologous receptors in the sheep ovaries. Therefore this study aimed on expression of Leptin receptor mRNA in cultured ovarian follicles of sheep by RT PCR.Methods: Leptin receptor mRNA expression in sheep was studied using qRT-PCR from: (i) In vivo grown preantral, early antral, antral, large antral follicles and cumulus oocyte complexes obtained from large antral follicles subjected to 24h of in vitro maturation and (ii) PFs’ exposed to three different culture media for 3min, two, four or six days and subsequently matured in vitro for 24h. Result: Leptin receptor was observed at all stages ovarian follicles in both cumulus cells and oocytes. Leptin supplementation along with other growth factors and hormones stimulated the expression of its receptor mRNA which is parallel to in vivo stages which could suggest synergistic action of growth factors and hormones with Leptin.
The physicochemical environment of acid red 249 insolubilized in an ink-jet paper

The physicochemical environment of the dye in the printed image influences the image quality. In this investigation, the environment of the dye in the ink-receiving layer has been deduced from the results of studies of the interaction between a dye and certain ink-jet chemicals. The interaction among the dye Acid Red 249, silica as a white pigment, Polyfix 601 as a dye-fixing agent that is a cationic polymer, and polyvinyl alcohol as a binder has been investigated in aqueous solution and in the solid state. We conclude that Acid Red 249, printed on a receiving paper that includes Polyfix 601, mainly forms an ionic complex with Polyfix 601 dispersed in the polyvinyl alcohol layer; some dye remains as a solid layer on the surface.
Enhancing solubilization of sparingly soluble organic compounds by biosurfactants produced by Nocardia erythropolis

The goal of this research was to produce nontoxic, biodegradable surfactants from Nocardia erythropolis (American Type Culture Collection [ATCC] 4277) and to investigate their potential for enhancing the solubility of sparingly soluble organic compounds (SSOCs). After biosurfactants were harvested from the culture broth, SSOC removal capabilities from aqueous systems by micelles and monomers were determined. Nocardia erythropolis was grown in a 500‐mL batch reactor with n‐hexadecane as the sole carbon source. Surface tension of the mineral salts medium dropped from 64 dyne/cm to 41 dyne/cm within 24 hours after inoculation with an acclimated culture of N. erythropolis, indicating the production of appreciable quantities of surface‐active agents. The lowest surface tension value of 35.2 dyne/cm was reached in 4 days. Maximum production of surfactant was also observed at 4 days. Sparingly soluble organic compounds were partitioned into surfactant micelles that form when the surfactant concentration exceeds the critical micelle concentration. Sparingly soluble organic compound partitioning into micelles increased with decreasing SSOC solubility. The partition constants by micelles were 0.002 0, 0.008 6, and 0.041 2 L/mg for toluene, p‐xylene, and trimethylbenzene, respectively. The partitioning capacity of p‐xylene by the biosurfactants produced from N. erythropolis was an order of magnitude greater than that by the synthetic surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS).