Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
QTL MAPPING AND CANDIDATE GENE RESEARCH FOR LIGNIN CONTENT AND CELL WALL DIGESTIBILITY IN A TOP-CROSS OF A FLINT MAIZE RECOMBINANT INBRED LINE PROGENY HARVESTED AT SILAGE STAGE

Lignification is the basic cause of reduced feeding value in silage maize and other forage crops. QTLs affecting lignin content and digestibility were thus investigated in a set of 140 RIL descended from the cross between two flint early lines (Fl1 and F2) using 189 SSR markers. Fl1 is known as inducing most of the DK265 hybrid remarkable intake and digestibility, while F2 is the French flint reference line. Field evaluation was based on RIL test-cross experiments (2 years and 3 locations). Genotype effects were highly significant and always greater than genotype x environment interactions. Six QTLs were identified for agronomic traits including three QTLs for DM yield, one QTL for DM content and two QTLs for silking date. Four lignin content QTLs and two cell wall digestibility QTL were observed from these test-cross experiments. Lack of systematic colocalizations between QTLs for lignin content and digestibility confirmed that traits other than lignin content are involved in cell wall digestibility. Lignin pathway candidate genes located under all QTL were obtained from Genoplante databases. Genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia lyase, S-adenosyl-methionine synthase, and caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase enzymes appeared to be possible candidates. Nevertheless, candidate gene research is currently limited by the non-exhaustiveness of mapped genes in maize databases, and by the limited understanding of the mechanisms involved in regulation and deposition of lignins and related components in the cell wall. A marker-assisted introgression of a few Fl1 QTLs in elite modern lines would however significantly improve feeding value of modern germplasm.
Fractionation of Colored Maillard Reaction Products from Dark Specialty Malts

Maillard reaction products that are responsible for the color of dark specialty malts are poorly characterized. To study these compounds, Congress wort was brewed with different dark malts and evaluated with several fractionation techniques. Capillary zone electrophoresis showed that colored Maillard compounds were mainly negatively charged over a broad pH range, including wort and beer pH. Moreover, ethanol precipitation, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), ultrafiltration, and gel permeation chromatography proved to be effective methods for the separation of colored malt components. Fractionation by ultrafiltration and gel permeation chromatography revealed the existence of two groups of colored Maillard reaction products, one group containing low-molecular-weight (LMW) compounds and the other group containing high-molecular-weight (HMW) compounds. The molecular weight (MW) distribution of malt colorants depended on malt type and color. In pale malts, colored compounds were mainly of LMW (<10 kDa), colorants of brown caramel malts were of LMW and HMW, whereas the color of black roasted malt originated almost exclusively from HMW compounds (>100 kDa). Furthermore, SDS-PAGE and gel permeation chromatography demonstrated that melanoidins from roasted malt were of higher MW than the largest melanoidins from other dark malts. By using a column with an exceptionally broad fractionation range, roasted malt melanoidins were found to have an average MW of 320 kDa. In comparison with colored products from other malts, colorants of roasted malt were not only of higher MW, but also were more intensively colored and characterized by a different color shade as observed by the absorption spectra and the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* parameters of diluted wort.
A Multilevel Study of Relationships between Leaders Dark Triad and Employee Burnout: Mediating Role of Perceived Dark Leadership

Design/methodology/approach – For this purpose, surveys were conducted in the Ankara, Istanbul, Izmir, Bursa, Samsun, Ordu, Antalya, Gaziantep, and Mugla provinces of Turkey in units of 12 different private security companies. The sample consisted of 116 leaders and 494 employees who reported to those leaders. Because the sample comprised two levels (i.e., individual and group levels), the data were analyzed through the hierarchical linear modeling technique.
Sexual experiences of adolescents and young adults living with HIV attending a specialized clinic in Accra, Ghana

Summary Background We assessed sexual experiences among adolescent and young adults living with HIV (AYALHIV) attending the adolescent HIV care clinic in Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) Design Cross-sectional study conducted in 2015. Setting HIV clinic at KBTH Participants AYALHIV who attended the adolescent HIV care clinic Interventions AYALHIV were interviewed with a structured questionnaire to obtain data on their socio-demographic characteristics and sexual experiences. The data was analyzed with STATA version 13. Main outcome measures sexual experiences of adolescents and young people living with HIV Results Of 101 participants, 60.4% (61/101) were males. The mean age of respondents was (18±3.2) years with an average age at sexual debut (16.2±4.2) years. A third of the respondents (34/101) had had sex before and out of them 76.5% (26/34) were males. Seventeen percent (4/23) had multiple sexual partners and 38.1% (8/21) of sexually active use condom at last sexual intercourse. Eighty-six percent (87/101) of respondents knew their HIV status, 66.7% (58/87) of them were males. There was a significant association (p<0.05) between being male and knowledge of HIV positive status. Knowledge of a respondents' HIV positive status was found to be positively associated with ever using condom. Conclusion Sexual experience prevalence is high among AYALHIV. More males were sexually active, not using condom and had multiple sexual partners. Safer sexual practices such as consistent use of condoms, need to be intensified especially during counselling sessions. This could contribute to the reduction in prevalence of HIV among the adolescents in the country. Funding This work was funded by the authors
Comparison of fatty acid profile changes between unroasted and roasted brown sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds oil

ABSTRACT The conditions of roasting are the key step in manufacturing Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) oil. Roasting sesame seeds changed its oil, moisture, and ash content. In oils from unroasted and roasted seeds, nine fatty acids analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The fatty acids composition were changed in both oils. Oleic and linoleic changed in large amount, but changes for other fatty acids were small. 1H and 13C NMR analysis showed the frequency changes for both oils, the roasting condition caused to shift the frequency to lower degree.
Propagula and shoots of Syntrichia pagorum (Pottiaceae) exhibit different ecological strategies of desiccation tolerance

Abstract We posed two questions regarding the desiccation tolerance (DT) of the moss Syntrichia pagorum: (1) What is the ecological strategy of DT in three available life phases (propagula, juvenile and adult shoots)? and (2) which desiccating factor, rate of drying or equilibrating relative humidity, has the greater effect on plant survival and health in these three life phases? Plants of S. pagorum were regenerated from an herbarium specimen collected from the American southwest, subcultured to remove field effects, and grown in Petri dishes on native sand for up to 6 months, producing in sequence juvenile shoots, adult shoots and propagula. Whereas juvenile shoots exhibited an ecological strategy of inducible desiccation tolerance (IDT), the propagula and adult shoots largely exhibited the strategy of constitutive desiccation tolerance (CDT). This conclusion was reached by subjecting each life phase to two rates of drying (20 min and 48 hours at subturgor) in combination with two equilibrating relative humidities (RH, 50% and <1%), and monitoring germination rate (propagula), visual leaf damage, and chlorophyll fluorescence (propagula and shoots) upon rehydration. We show for the first time that (1) cultured, dehardened adult shoots and propagula of a bryophyte are inherently CDT at an equilibrating RH of 50%, (2) rate of drying has a greater effect on rehydrated plant health than equilibrating RH, and (3) a bryophyte shoot can transition during normal development from one ecological strategy of desiccation tolerance to the alternative strategy.
The influence of streptococci and lactobacilli on proteolysis in Gouda cheese

The effect of the extent of autolysis of starter cultures (LAB) and the growth of non-starter lactobacilli (NSLAB) on the extent and depth of paracasein degradation during Gouda cheese ripening was determined. The extent of the autolysis of mesophilic lactic streptococci was small (0.5 to 2 log cycles). An increase in the number of NSLAB by 2 up to 5 log cycles was observed together with the autolysis of the starter cultures. Significant increases in the content of various forms of nitrogen compounds were found during cheese ripening. The largest (3-fold) increase was found in amino acid N content and the smallest - in peptides soluble in 2% and 12% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) (1.6- and 1.5-fold, respectively). None of the parameters determining the extent of paracasein degradation correlated with the extent of the autolysis of mesophilic lactic streptococci. However, a significant correlation between the growth of NSLAB and the content of soluble N, peptide N, amine N and peptides soluble in 12% TCA was found. The results prove that proteinases and peptidases of non-starter lactobacilli are more essential for the degradation of paracasein to low-molecular forms of nitrogen compounds than the enzymes released after the autolysis of the starter cultures.
A new vertebrate for Europe: the discovery of a range‐restricted relict viper in the western Italian Alps

We describe Vipera walser, a new viper species from the north-western Italian Alps. Despite an overall morphological resemblance with Vipera berus, the new species is remarkably distinct genetically from both V. berus and other vipers occurring in western Europe and shows closer affinities to species occurring only in the Caucasus. Morphologically, the new species appear to be more similar to V. berus than to its closest relatives occurring in the Caucasus, but can be readily distinguished in most cases by a combination of meristic features as confirmed by discriminant analysis. The extant population shows a very low genetic variability measured with mitochondrial markers, suggesting that the taxon has suffered a serious population reduction/bottleneck in the past. The species is extremely range-restricted (less than 500 km2) and occurs only in two disjunct sites within the high rainfall valleys of the Alps north of Biella. This new species should be classified as globally ‘endangered’ due to its small and fragmented range, and an inferred population decline. The main near-future threats to the species are habitat changes associated with reduced grazing, along with persecution and collecting.
A New Species of Probolomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Guanacaste, Costa Rica

-Probolomyrmex guanacastensis (n. sp.) from Guanacaste, Costa Rica is described from a queen and worker collected from sifted leaf debris in a riparian habitat. This is the fourth known species of Probolomyrmex in the New World extending the northern distribution limit from Barro Colorado Island, Panama to Guanacaste, Costa Rica. It is also the first record of an ergatoid queen in the Probolomyrmex. A revised key to the species is given. The genus Probolomyrmex was recently revised by Agosti (1994) for South Amer ica and Taylor (1965) for the world. Three species have been described from South America (P. boliviensis Mann from Barro Colorado Island, Panama, and Bolivia; P. brujitae Agosti from Argentina; and P. petiolatus Weber from Barro Colorado Island, Panama). This new species was found while conducting a survey of an ant fauna in riparian habitats near Bagaces, Costa Rica, and represents not only a northern ex tension of the range of members of the genus from southern Panama to northern Costa Rica, but is the first record of this genus for Costa Rica. No further Probol omyrmex spp. were collected in South America, despite extensive leaf litter and soil core samples around Manaus and in the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. The total of more than 2,000 samples so far, which led otherwise to the discovery of extremely rare new species of leptanilloidine ants (Brandao et al., 1998), and the presence of an ergatoid queen, makes it worthwhile to describe this new species. The format follows that of Agosti (1994) and indices were calculated according to Taylor (1965). REVISED KEY TO THE SPECIES OF NEOTROPICAL PROBOLOMYRMEX 1. Petiole in lateral view with a ventral, rectangular process . petiolatus Weber Petiole in lateral view with a ventral process directed towards the mesosoma . 2 2. Larger body size (TL > 0.95 mm), longer scape (SI > 105). Sculpture with large pits with chagrination in between. First gastral segment ventro-anterior with a distinct collar which is bent ventrally. Head with a distinct carina along the posterior ventral face, which is darker than the adjacent surface. Ventral process of petiole in lateral view distinctly more darkly colored than the tergite boliviensis Mann Small body size (TL < 0.95 mm), short scape (SI < 105). Sculpture fine and densely set. First gastral segment ventrally without a collar. Head with a bulge along the pos terior ventral face, which, in lateral view is not darker than the adjacent surface. Ventral process of petiole in lateral view of the same color as the adjacent tergite . 3 3. Head smaller (HL 0.57-0.60 mm, HW 0.35-0.36 mm), scape shorter (SL 0.35 mm) brujitae Agosti This content downloaded from 157.55. 39.104 on Sun, 19 Jun 2016 06:45:04 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms 1997 NEW PROBOLOMYRMEX FROM COSTA RICA 191
Synergistic Effect of Perineural Dexamethasone and Dexmedetomidine (Dex-Dex) in Extending the Analgesic Duration of Pectoral Type I and II Blocks

Pectoral type I and II (Pecs I and II) blocks are regional anesthesia methods that have shown to decrease postoperative analgesia after breast surgery. Typically, these blocks consist only of a local anesthetic. We performed preoperative Pecs I and II blocks in a female patient undergoing surgical excision and biopsy of a breast mass. The anesthetic consisted of ropivacaine, dexmedetomidine, and dexamethasone (Dex-Dex). The patient experienced an extended postoperative pain relief period. She did not require any opiates postoperatively. Adding dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone to a local anesthetic for peripheral nerve blocks seems to have a synergistic effect and can extend the duration of pain relief. This combination has the potential to decrease postoperative opiate requirements for analgesia. Further studies need to be conducted to further determine the safety and efficacy of the Dex-Dex block.
Vocal Behavior of the Explosively Breeding Neotropical Yellow Toad, Incilius luetkenii

Abstract Frogs and toads exhibit complex vocal behavior, often in the context of mating and resource defense. Although over 6,500 species of frogs and toads have been described, detailed accounts of vocal behavior exist for very few species. In this study, we provide the first detailed investigation of the vocal behavior of Neotropical Yellow Toads, Incilius luetkenii, based on recordings collected from animals in northwestern Costa Rica. We provide quantitative measurements of two call types, we test the hypothesis that male body size is related to the structure of male calls, we investigate the context in which males produce calls, and we discuss the importance of their vocal behavior in the framework of an aggressive scramble competition mating system. We found that male I. luetkenii produce two vocalizations during their explosive breeding aggregations: advertisement calls and release calls. Advertisement calls are 2.5 sec-long vocalizations consisting of a series of pulses. Release calls are 0.6 sec-long vocalizations consisting of a small number of pulses and produced when other males attempt amplexus on them. As predicted, spectral properties of advertisement calls were inversely related to body size. Video analysis of male calling behavior revealed a call rate of 0.58 calls per minute and revealed that most advertisement calls occur within 2 sec following a contact with another male. Our findings suggest that advertisement calls and, by extension, chorusing behavior are associated with aggression between males during mating aggregations and that males may communicate acoustic information about their body size during male–male encounters.
Firm's Value Exploration: The Impact Of Intellectual Capital and Net Working Capital

Intellectual capital (IC) gains more importance nowadays, and hence, this study investigates the impact of IC and net working capital (NWC) on firms’ values creation. If IC has a greater impact than NWC, it indicates that automotive and components companies in Indonesia have paid attention to IC's contribution to increase company value. This study was conducted on 15 automotive and components companies from 2011 to 2018 as this industry utilises more IC and NWC than any other industries. We used panel data regression analysis with random effect model to test the hypothesis of 92 data, with IC calculated through the MVAIC model, and firm’s value is measured by Tobin’s Q. The results show that IC has no significant effect on firms’ value. Meanwhile, NWC has a significant negative effect on firms’ values creation. These important findings suggest that automotive and components firms should apply strategic management in managing IC and NWC to increase the firm’s value.
Carnivores of Northern Spain Presence of Bartonella Species in Wild

species andgenotypes circulating among the small mammals in the BasqueCountry, Northern Spain (12). In Europe, as well as in the Basque Country, there is little in-formation regarding the prevalence of vector-borne diseases incarnivores, and given their intense exposure to arthropod vectors,they could represent a good marker for the circulation of thesepathogens. Herein we present our results on the presence of
Aquatic Coleoptera and Heteroptera assemblages in waterbodies from ephemeral coastal streams ("ramblas") of south-eastern Spain

A total of 63 species of aquatic Coleoptera (45) and Heteroptera (18) were collected between 1991 and 1994 from 25 sites in the coastal drainage network of semiarid south-eastern Spain (Murcia Province). The area is drained by ephemeral streams locally known as ramblas, which are wide, usually dry, channels flowing only in flash-flood events, although in some reaches small permanent or temporary streams, springs, and pools can be formed by either groundwater seepage in the stream bed or by wastewaters from human activities. These waterbodies are often saline (salinity >3 g/l) and suffer from floods and droughts. The studied waterbodies were grouped into four types according to their origin: 1) groundwater-fed habitats, 2) urban wastewaters, 3) agricultural wastewaters, and 4) marine pools. A first ordination of all the sites clearly separated groundwater-fed habitats from wastewaters and marine pools. The two first axes of a second ordination, with only groundwater-fed habitats, showed a strong correlation with salinity, type of aquatic vegetation and water permanence. These variables. particulary salinity, were the major environmental factors explaining species distribution. Finally. most of the species recorded are of biogeographical and/or ecological interest, some being considered as locally endemic.
Effects of forest structure on litter production, soil chemical composition and litter-soil interactions

Litter production in forest ecosystems is a major indicator of primary productivity because litter helps incorporate carbon and nutrients from plants into the soil and is directly involved in plant-soil interactions. To our knowledge, few studies have investigated the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem processes in subtropical forest fragments. In this work, we determined forest structural parameters and assessed seasonal leaf litter input, leaf decomposition rate, litter quality and soil characteristics in two subtropical Atlantic Forest fragments. Litter production was greater in the native fragment with the higher species diversity (FN1). The two native fragments (FN1 and FN2) differed in basal area, volume and dominance in the upper stratum, which were positively correlated with litter production in FN1 but negatively correlated in FN2. Soil in FN1 exhibited higher contents of organic C, available phosphorus and exchangeable calcium, and the leaf litter had a higher C:N ratio. Although these results are consistent with a plant-soil feedback, which suggests the presence of a complementary effect, the dominance of certain families in subtropical forest fragments results in a selection effect on litter productivity and decomposition.
Medicinal plants of udigram, district Swat, Pakistan

A study of the medicinal plants of Udigram, District Swat was conducted during spring and summer 2003. The study revealed 78 species under 37 genera belonging to 47 families, of which 68 plant were dicotyledons, 6 monocotyledons, 1 gymnosperm, 2 pteriodophytes and 1 fungus. The largest family was Lamiaceae (9 species) followed by Asteraceae, Poaceae (each with 5 species), and Rosaceae (4 species). The family Apiaceae, Asclepidaceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophylaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, Oleaceae, Papilionaceae, Polygonaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, and Uriticeae were represented by two species each. The remaining families have only one species of medicinal importance. These species are used for the curing of various human ailments in traditional system of medicine. The local uses, local method of recipe preparation and their local name and diseases treated were recorded for each species from knowledgeable and experienced persons of the area. Further study is recommended to find out the availability of economical important medicinal and aromatic plants of the area and suggest their conservation with the involvement of local people.
individuals hypothesis' in a diverse tropical fauna More individuals but fewer species: testing the 'more

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