Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kväveutlakning i frilandsodling av sallat på sandig mojord med reducerade N-börvärdesnivåer

Undersokningens overgripande malsattning och syfte var att reducera kvaveutlakningen vid odling av isbergssallat med hjalp av en praktiskt anvandbar metod for styrning av kvavegodslingen i enighet med grodans behov. Detta innefattar foljande punkter: - belysa hur langt behovsnivan kan sankas utan att aventyra odlingssakerhet och skordeutfall - belysa de provade behovsnivaernas inverkan pa kvaveutlakningen - belysa vilken roll en eftersadd fanggroda kan spela for att ytterligare reducera kvaveutlakningen - belysa kvaveupptagets horisontella fordelning (i resp. mellan raderna) I ett 3-arigt forsok pa sandig grovmo i sodra Halland studerades kvaveutlakning och skordeutfall vid odling av isbergssallat odlad i tva kulturer per ar. Alla led N-godslades med en radmyllad startgiva om 30 kg H/ha vid resp. plantering. Kvavegodslingen i ovrigt doserades enligt en variant av den s.k. borvardesmetoden som byggde pa att summan av mineralkvave i marken (0-30 cm) och tillforseln av godselkvave 5-6 veckor efter klantering skulle uppga till ett visst minimivarde. De tre borvarden som tillampades i kultur 1 var 120 (B120), 100 (B100) resp. 80 (B80) kg N/ha. I ett fjarde led, med borvarde = 100, saddes hostrag som fanggroda efter skord (B100 + fg). Borvardena till kultur 2 var genomgaende 10 kg N/ha lagre. Den totala medeltillforseln av godselkvave i de tre leden utan fanggroda uppgick till 106, 82 resp. 59 kg N/ha till kultur 1, och 69, 56 resp. 43 kg N/ha till kultur 2. I ledet med fanggroda minskade kvavegodslningsbehovet med i medeltal ca 7 kg N/ha och kultur de ar da fjolarets fanggroda brukats ned pa varen. ---- Kunskaperna om kvaveutlakningen i och efter frilandsodling av gronsaker under svenska forhallanden har varit tamligen sma. Beroende pa om kulturen ar kort- eller langvaxande (skordetiden) kan man forvanta sig olika effekter pa utlakningsrisken. Den totala tillforseln av godselkvave liksom tillforselns fordelning i tiden kan paverka grodans utnyttjande av tillgangligt kvave samt hog grad risken for utlakningsforluster under vaxtperioden. Det senare galler speciellt i bevattnade odlingar dar risken for avrinning fran rotzonen under sommaren kan vara betydande. Mangden kvarlamnade skorderester liksom jordbearbetningar efter skord har troligen ocksa betydelse frigorelsen av utlakningsbart kvave under hosten. Resultat fran pagaende forsok vid bl.a. Mellby visar att senarelaggning av all jordbearbetning pa hosten patagligt minskar hostmineraliseringen av kvave. Jamforelser med fanggrodor i spannmalsodling antyder att mer an halften av den utlakningsminskning som har uppmatts kan bero pa den andrade bearbetningsrutinen vid fanggrodeodling. Pa grund av de befarade praktiska svarigheterna att anvanda fanggroda anlades ingen insadd fanggroda i nagot av huvudleden. Anvandningen av fanggroda torde dock behova undersokas narmare i speciella studier. Projektet syftar att ge en forsta inblick i utlakningsriskerna i faltmassig gronsaksodling och forhoppningsvis ge ledtradar om vilka typer av atgarder som kan reducera utlakningsriskerna.
Suicide Risk Analysis and Psycho-Emotional Risk Factors Using an Artificial Neural Network System

Suicidal behavior among young people has become an increasingly relevant topic after the COVID-19 pandemic and constitutes a public health problem. This study aimed to examine the variables associated with suicide risk and determine their predictive capacity. The specific objectives were: (1) to analyze the relationship between suicide risk and model variables and (2) to design an artificial neural network (ANN) with predictive capacity for suicide risk. The sample comprised 337 youths aged 18–33 years. An ex post facto design was used. The results showed that emotional attention, followed by problem solving and perfectionism, were variables that contributed the most to the ANN’s predictive capacity. The ANN achieved a hit rate of 85.7%, which is much higher than chance, and with only 14.3% of incorrect cases. This study extracted relevant information on suicide risk and the related risk and protective factors via artificial intelligence. These data will be useful for diagnosis as well as for psycho-educational guidance and prevention. This study was one of the first to apply this innovative methodology based on an ANN design to study these variables.
Immune responses to Neisseria gonorrhoeae and implications for vaccine development

Neisseria gonorrheoae is the causative agent of gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted infection responsible for a major burden of disease with a high global prevalence. Protective immunity to infection is often not observed in humans, possible due to high variability of key antigens, induction of blocking antibodies, or a large number of infections being relatively superficial and not inducing a strong immune response. N. gonorrhoeae is a strictly human pathogen, however, studies using mouse models provide useful insights into the immune response to gonorrhea. In mice, N. gonorrhoea appears to avoid a protective Th1 response by inducing a less protective Th17 response. In mouse models, candidate vaccines which provoke a Th1 response can accelerate the clearance of gonococcus from the mouse female genital tract. Human studies indicate that natural infection often induces a limited immune response, with modest antibody responses, which may correlate with the clinical severity of gonococcal disease. Studies of cytokine responses to gonococcal infection in humans provide conflicting evidence as to whether infection induces an IL-17 response. However, there is evidence for limited induction of protective immunity from a study of female sex workers in Kenya. A controlled human infection model (CHIM) has been used to examine the immune response to gonococcal infection in male volunteers, but has not to date demonstrated protection against re-infection. Correlates of protection for gonorrhea are lacking, which has hampered the progress towards developing a successful vaccine. However, the finding that the Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B vaccines, elicit cross-protection against gonorrhea has invigorated the gonococcal vaccine field. More studies of infection in humans, either natural infection or CHIM studies, are needed to understand better gonococcal protective immunity.
Analysis of Self-Similar Solutions of Euler System: SIB, Desingulatization and Impasse Points

This paper shows that the singularity induced bifurcation (SIB) phenomenon and desingularization tool from nonlinear differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) are intrinsic parts of the compressible model of Euler flow in the self-similar framework. The nonlinear DAEs in such a setting include the crossings of sonic (singularity) points by a smooth trajectory. The linearization of DAEs around the sonic points is characterized by the divergence of eigenvalues through infinity and a presence of folded nodes. Also, the singularity manifold includes mostly the impasse points, where trajectory collapses at or originates from. The desingularization tool from DAEs results in a singularity-free model, that is a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), having regular nodes as its equilibria. Partial reversal of the direction of the independent self-similar variable results in a transformation of the regular nodes into folded ones for the original Euler DAE system. The Euler DAE system is a system of DAEs obtained after the similarity variable <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x=t/r^{\lambda }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is applied in the Euler systems of three partial differential equations for conservation of mass, balance of momenum, and balance of energy. The smooth trajectory connecting two equilibria of the Euler DAE system passes through two sonic points, traversing through the super- and subsonic areas for the independent self-similar variable <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-\infty < x < \infty $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The point <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x=0$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is also of an interesting nature, with an infinite number of possible smooth trajectories passing through it. The analysis is based on a combination of both analytic and numeric approaches. Overall, the paper links the topics from the areas of fluid flows (in the Eulerian framework), self-similar solutions and DAEs.
Optimizing design decision-making for remote sensing instrument specification via tolerance sensitivity analysis of Ritchey–Chrétien telescope

The objective of thisstudy was to assess the tolerance sensitivity of various aperture sizes in the Ritchey–Chrétien telescope employed in remote sensing instruments. A comparative analysis was performed to identify the optimal system specification considering different aperture sizes and marginal tolerances. The results were then utilized in the Formosat– 8 satellite program to determine the most suitable aperture size for fabricating the mirror components and establish the tolerances budget for the system alignment of the Formosat–8 satellite remote sensing instrument.
The Long COVID experience from a patient's perspective: a clustering analysis of 27,216 Reddit posts

Objective This work aims to study the profiles of Long COVID from the perspective of the patients spontaneously sharing their experiences and symptoms on Reddit. Methods We collected 27,216 posts shared between July 2020 and July 2022 on Long COVID-related Reddit forums. Natural language processing, clustering techniques and a Long COVID symptoms lexicon were used to extract the different symptoms and categories of symptoms and to study the co-occurrences and correlation between them. Results More than 78% of the posts mentioned at least one Long COVID symptom. Fatigue (29.4%), pain (22%), clouded consciousness (19.1%), anxiety (17.7%) and headaches (15.6%) were the most prevalent symptoms. They also highly co-occurred with a variety of other symptoms (e.g., fever, sinonasal congestion). Different categories of symptoms were found: general (45.5%), neurological/ocular (42.9%), mental health/psychological/behavioral (35.2%), body pain/mobility (35.1%) and cardiorespiratory (31.2%). Posts focusing on other concerns of the community such as vaccine, recovery and relapse and, symptom triggers were detected. Conclusions We demonstrated the benefits of leveraging large volumes of data from Reddit to characterize the heterogeneity of Long COVID profiles. General symptoms, particularly fatigue, have been reported to be the most prevalent and frequently co-occurred with other symptoms. Other concerns, such as vaccination and relapse following recovery, were also addressed by the Long COVID community.
Fossil Crinoids: Middle Devonian Arkona Shale of Ontario, Canada, and Silica Shale of Ohio, USA

Hans Hess, William I. Ausich, Carlton E. Brett, and Michael J. Simms, eds., Fossil Crinoids. 1999 Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. The two related fossil assemblages discussed in this chapter occur in possibly age-equivalent Middle Devonian mudstones in southern Ontario and Ohio (Fig. 137). The Arkona Shale is exposed along the banks of the Ausable River and in its tributary streams in the vicinity of Arkona, Lambton County, Ontario, Canada. The Silica Shale is exposed in the quarries of the Medusa Cement Company and the New Genstar Cement Company, both north and south of Centennial Road in the town of Silica, Lucas County, Ohio. These mudstones are considered to be in the lower part of the Hamilton or Traverse Group and are of Early Givetian age, approximately 385 million years before present.
Modeling water quantity and quality in an agricultural watershed in the midwestern US using SWAT: assessing implications due to an expansion in 'biofuel' production and climate change

Recommended Citation Mishra, Sudipta Kumar. "Modeling water quantity and quality in an agricultural watershed in the midwestern US using SWAT: assessing implications due to an expansion in 'biofuel' production and climate change. ii To Mom and Dad for your love and support iii Nature shrinks as capital grows. The growth of the market cannot solve the very crisis it creates. ABSTRACT Iowa finds itself positioned at the epicenter of agricultural pollution due to the intensity of crop and livestock production, fertilizer inputs, altered hydrological landscapes, and other factors. To address such issues, the overarching objective of this research work was to understand the implications of an expansion in bioenergy crops as mandated by the Environmental Protection Agency's Renewable Fuel Standard 2 (through 2022) on hydrology and water quality in an agricultural watershed. In this research, the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was calibrated and validated using field data obtained through water quality sensors and grab samples at Clear Creek watershed in the state of Iowa, and then model parameters were estimated for sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. Scenarios were generated based on Renewable Fuel Standards and evaluated for understanding the impacts of expanding bioenergy production on hydrology and water quality. Also output from an agent-based model was incorporated into SWAT for simulating watershed responses to different crop market scenarios. Finally SWAT model output under eighteen scenarios, was generated for six different climate models and analyzed to see changes in various water quantity outputs e.g. surface flow, base flow, and ET. The SWAT Model was calibrated and validated within statistically acceptable limits e.g. R 2 > 0.85 of observed monthly hydrologic mass and R 2 > 0.7 for nutrients loads. Sediment load was reduced by 15% due to conversion of corn acreage into switch grass on high elevation land with a slope of>5% (roughly 12% of the watershed). Model simulations also showed that linear climatic inputs (i.e. linear temporal trends increase in precipitation and max/min air temperature) can generate non-linear responses amongst different components of the water cycle (i.e. surface flow, base flow, ET, and deep percolation rates) in the watershed model. This research effort will vi help to produce a prototype Intelligent Digital Watershed (IDW) to understand the interactions between water and human systems, with the goal of a sustainable agricultural economy. The IDW should enable discovery of scenarios that result in water quality that meets water quality standards. Table …
Transcriptional Response to Standard AML Drugs Identifies Synergistic Combinations

Unlike genomic alterations, gene expression profiles have not been widely used to refine cancer therapies. We analyzed transcriptional changes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines in response to standard first-line AML drugs cytarabine and daunorubicin by means of RNA sequencing. Those changes were highly cell- and treatment-specific. By comparing the changes unique to treatment-sensitive and treatment-resistant AML cells, we enriched for treatment-relevant genes. Those genes were associated with drug response-specific pathways, including calcium ion-dependent exocytosis and chromatin remodeling. Pharmacological mimicking of those changes using EGFR and MEK inhibitors enhanced the response to daunorubicin with minimum standalone cytotoxicity. The synergistic response was observed even in the cell lines beyond those used for the discovery, including a primary AML sample. Additionally, publicly available cytotoxicity data confirmed the synergistic effect of EGFR inhibitors in combination with daunorubicin in all 60 investigated cancer cell lines. In conclusion, we demonstrate the utility of treatment-evoked gene expression changes to formulate rational drug combinations. This approach could improve the standard AML therapy, especially in older patients.
Why is Macroeconomics Neglected in Equity and Inclusion Strategies for Sustainable Development? An Exploration of Four Systemic Barriers

ABSTRACT The literatures on Macroeconomics and Human development and capabilities have been described as constituting “two different worlds” that never intersect despite the importance of macroeconomics for human development (Nayyar [2012]. “Macroeconomics and Human Development.” Journal of Human Development and Capabilities 13 (1): 7–30. ). This paper explores the barriers that keep the two worlds apart in policy making. It considers the case of national strategies for one is implementing UN Agenda 2030 (better known as the SDGs) with a commitment to equity and inclusion; the majority of which rely on social protection and neglect macroeconomic policies. This paper proposes four systemic barriers in the policy making processes: institutional silos and gaps, informational deficits, ideology, and interests. We highlight how these barriers play out in mutually reinforcing ways to construct resilient barriers: narrowly defined mandates of central banks and other economic agencies are reinforced by ideological commitments and the influence of vested interests to neglect inclusion, equity and sustainable development as policy objectives, and in policy research agendas. This in turn creates a vicious circle of information deficits with respect to policy alternatives. The paper discusses how these barriers play out differently in different policy making contexts for different stakeholders.
An International Investigation of the Prevalence of Negative Visitor Behaviour in the Zoo

Simple Summary Visitors may affect zoo animals as they view them. If visitors engage in negative behaviours such as feeding, banging or touching, this has the potential to harm the animals. This research was an international project involving four zoos that quantified the occurrence of negative visitor behaviour through observation. The research found that negative visitor behaviours were common and banging was the most frequently observed negative action. The type of animal, the zoo it was housed in and the number of visitors present all affected the frequency of negative visitor behaviours. Charismatic species were the most harassed animals in the study, while children were the most likely to engage in negative behaviour. Negative visitor actions occurred more frequently when animals were active and in close proximity to visitors. It is important for zoos to be aware of their visitors’ behaviour so that they can minimise negative actions which could harm animals. Abstract Negative visitor behaviour is an understudied area of zoo research, even though negative actions can have serious implications for animal welfare. This research project investigated the prevalence of negative visitor behaviours at four different zoos. It included observations of visitors at seven different taxa exhibits and three different types of enclosures. A modified version of behaviour sampling was used to record visitor behaviour and the activity of the animals, while a negative binomial regression was conducted to test the significance of several predictor variables against the number of negative behaviours observed. Negative visitor behaviour was relatively common, occurring in 57% of observations. Banging was the most commonly observed negative action. Negative behaviours were influenced by zoo (p < 0.001), species (p < 0.001) and the number of visitors present (p < 0.001). The charismatic species were the most harassed animals included in the study, while children were the most likely to engage in negative behaviour. Negative visitor behaviours occurred more frequently when animals were active and in close proximity to visitors. It is imperative for zoos to understand visitors’ behaviour so that they can effectively communicate with their visitors to minimise negative actions and promote better animal welfare.
LUMINESCENCE CHRONOLOGY OF RAISED MARINE TERRACES, SOUTH-WEST NORTH ISLAND, NEW ZEALAND

This thesis aims to test the validity of standard (multiple aliquot additive dose and regeneration) methods of luminescence dating using potassium feldspars as the dosimeter. In addition, methods are developed to allow more rapid, and more precise, measurements of the equivalent dose of a sample by making all luminescence measurements on a single aliquot. Dune sands, varying in age from modern to approximately 350 ka, collected from the southwestern part of North Island, New Zealand, have been dated using thermoluminescence (TL) and infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) methods. Comparison with independent age estimates shows that reliable luminescence ages can be obtained over the period from the present day to 130 ka using standard methods on grains greater than 100μm diameter. The use of IRSL measurements reduces the uncertainty in the determination of a residual luminescence level, and thus makes it possible to date younger sediments than when using TL. Several methods of equivalent dose determination based upon using a single aliquot of a sample are described. An additive dose method is found to be most suitable for the samples studied. The loss of signal due to preheating is best corrected using a dose correction method. The method is found to give results similar to those determined using standard methods of equivalent dose determination for the suite of samples from New Zealand. Experiments into the nature of the IRSL signal from potassium feldspars show that increasing the temperature of the sample increases the size of the trapped charge population that is probed. Other experiments suggest that the trapped charge populations that give rise to the IRSL and TL signals are different.