Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frequency of disturbance mitigates high-severity fire in the Lake Tahoe Basin, California and Nevada

Because of past land use changes and changing climate, forests are moving outside of their historical range of variation. As fires become more severe, forest managers are searching for strategies that can restore forest health and reduce fire risk. However, management activities are only one part of a suite of disturbance vectors that shape forest conditions. To account for the range of disturbance intensities and disturbance types (wildfire, bark beetles, and management), we developed a disturbance return interval (DRI) that represents the average return period for any disturbance, human or natural. We applied the DRI to examine forest change in the Lake Tahoe Basin of California and Nevada. We specifically investigated the consequences of DRI on the proportion of highseverity fire and the net sequestration of carbon. In order to test the management component of the DRI, we developed management scenarios with forest managers and stakeholders in the region; these scenarios were integrated into a mechanistic forest landscape model that also accounted for climate change, as well as natural disturbances of wildfire and insect outbreaks. Our results suggest increasing the frequency of disturbances (a lower DRI) would reduce the percentage of high-severity fire on landscape but not the total amount of wildfire in general. However, a higher DRI reduced carbon storage and sequestration, particularly in management strategies that emphasized prescribed fire over hand or mechanical fuel treatments.
Bioactive Properties of Composites Based on Silicate Glasses and Different Silver and Gold Structures

Using an ideal biomaterial to treat injured bones can accelerate the healing process and simultaneously exhibit antibacterial properties; thus protecting the patient from bacterial infections. Therefore, the aim of this work was to synthesize composites containing silicate-based bioactive glasses and different types of noble metal structures (i.e., AgI pyramids, AgIAu composites, Au nanocages, Au nanocages with added AgI). Bioactive glass was used as an osteoconductive bone substitute and Ag was used for its antibacterial character, while Au was included to accelerate the formation of new bone. To investigate the synergistic effects in these composites, two syntheses were carried out in two ways: AgIAu composites were added in either one step or AgI pyramids and Au nanocages were added separately. All composites showed good in vitro bioactivity. Transformation of AgI in bioactive glasses into Ag nanoparticles and other silver species resulted in good antibacterial behavior. It was observed that the Ag nanoparticles remained in the Au nanocages, which was also beneficial in terms of antibacterial properties. The presence of Au nanoparticles contributed to the composites achieving high cell viability. The most outstanding result was obtained by the consecutive addition of noble metals into the bioactive glasses, resulting in both a high antibacterial effect and good cell viability.
Voices of the Mind

The main contention of this book is that human mental functioning, including all forms of thought and communication, is embedded in cultural, historical and social processes. This thesis contrasts directly with the current popular practice in psychology in which mental processes of the isolated individual are examined before sociocultural influences are considered; it is Professor Wertsch's argument that the individual emerges out of the social. His argument centres on the cultural tools, especially l anguage, which shape both social and individual processes. Drawing on the ideas of two Soviet scholars, Lev Vygotsky and Mikhail Bakhtin, he introduces the concept of the "voice" of the mind and contends that human speaking and thinking inherently involve the process of "ventriloquating" through the voices of other, socioculturally-situated speakers. "Voices of the Mind" breaks new ground in its introduction of an alternative theory of human communication which incorporates both "inner" and "outer" speech in its analysis of the psychology of language. It addresses major issues in cognitive development and educational practices and suggests ways of integrating the study of human development with analyses of gender and cultural identity.
Promoting osteointegration effect of Cu-alloyed titanium in ovariectomized rats

Abstract Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disease making patients be prone to the osteoporotic fracture. However, the clinical implants made of titanium and its alloys with a poor osseointegration need a long time for healing and easily to loosening. Thus, a new class of Cu-alloyed titanium (TiCu) alloys with excellent mechanical properties and bio-functionalization has been developed. In this study, the osteoporosis modeled rats were used to study the osteointegration effect and underlying mechanism of TiCu. The results showed that after implantation for 4 weeks, TiCu alloy could promote the reconstruction of vascular network around the implant by up-regulating vascular endothelial growth factor expression. After 8 weeks, it could further promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, mineralization and deposition of collagens, and then significantly increasing bone mineral density around the implant. In conclusion, TiCu alloy would enhance the fixation stability, accelerate the osteointegration, and thus reduce the risk of aseptic loosening during the long-term implantation in the osteoporosis environment. This study was the first to report the role and mechanism of a Cu-alloyed metal in promoting osteointegration in osteoporosis environment, which provides a new attractive support for the improvement of future clinical applications of Cu-alloyed antibacterial titanium alloys.
Endogenous Honeybee Gut Microbiota Metabolize the Pesticide Clothianidin

Including probiotics in honeybee nutrition represents a promising solution for mitigating diseases, and recent evidence suggests that various microbes possess mechanisms that can bioremediate environmental pollutants. Thus, the use of probiotics capable of degrading pesticides used in modern agriculture would help to both reduce colony losses due to the exposure of foragers to these toxic molecules and improve honeybee health and wellbeing globally. We conducted in vitro experiments to isolate and identify probiotic candidates from bacterial isolates of the honeybee gut (i.e., endogenous strains) according to their ability to (i) grow in contact with three sublethal concentrations of the pesticide clothianidin (0.15, 1 and 10 ppb) and (ii) degrade clothianidin at 0.15 ppb. The isolated bacterial strains were indeed able to grow in contact with the three sublethal concentrations of clothianidin. Bacterial growth rate differed significantly depending on the probiotic candidate and the clothianidin concentration used. Clothianidin was degraded by seven endogenous honeybee gut bacteria, namely Edwardsiella sp. , two Serratia sp. , Rahnella sp. , Pantoea sp. , Hafnia sp. and Enterobacter sp. , measured within 72 h under in vitro conditions. Our findings highlight that endogenous bacterial strains may constitute the base material from which to develop a promising probiotic strategy to mitigate the toxic effects of clothianidin exposure on honeybee colony health.
Insecticide-Treated Bed Net Utilization and Associated Factors Among Households in Ilu Galan District, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Introduction: Insecticide-treated mosquito nets are often used as a physical barrier to prevent infection of malaria. In sub-Saharan Africa, one of the most important ways of lowering malaria burden is the utilization of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). However, there is no sufficient information on ITN utilization and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the utilization of insecticide-treated bed nets and its associated factors among households in Ilu Galan district, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Ilu Galan district to select 550 households using systematic random sampling techniques. Interviewer-administered questionnaire and observational checklists were used to collect data. The collected data was entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. The results were presented by texts, tables, and graphs. Both binary and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess factors associated with ITN utilization. Results: A total of 532 study participants responded to the questionnaire making a response rate of 96.7%. About 72.2%, [95% CI: 68.4%, 75.8%] of the respondents utilized insecticide-treated nets in the night before the day data was collected. Being female [AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.81], age less than 25 years [AOR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.95], monthly income >1000 ETB [AOR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.14, 4.69], and having more than 3 beds [AOR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.29, 3.51] were significantly associated with ITN utilization. Conclusions: Insecticide-treated nets utilization was found to be low in this study. There is a gap between the ownership and ITN utilization. Sex, age, monthly income, and number of beds were factors associated with ITN utilization. The provision of behavioral change communication to the community on the importance of ITN utilization is compulsory.
The use of GEDI canopy structure for explaining variation in tree species richness in natural forests

Variables describing the abiotic environment (e.g. climate, topography or biogeographic history) have a long tradition of use as predictors of tree species richness patterns. However, these variables may capture variations in richness related to climate, but not those that are related to soil type or forest disturbance. Canopy structure has previously been shown to provide information on the variation of tree species richness, with richness generally increasing with larger canopy heights and denser foliage. The use of canopy structure is increasingly relevant with the availability of such data from the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI), a lidar mission onboard the International Space Station. In this analysis we show that GEDI canopy structure explains up to 66% of the variation in tree species richness in natural forests without a history of recent disturbance across the globe. However, this portion overlaps with the variation (up to 80%) explained by environmental and biogeographical variables. Our results show that relationships between tree species richness on one side and climate and canopy structure on the other side are not as straightforward as we initially expected, and should be further investigated across both natural and disturbed forests.
The Tropical-like Cyclone “Ianos” in September 2020

In this paper, we analyze a Mediterranean TLC (tropical-like cyclone) which occurred between 15 and 20 September 2020 called “Ianos”. First, the paper briefly presents the “medicane” phenomenon; then, it analyzes the synoptic situation that produced Ianos initiation and development, as well as its intensity (minimum pressure, wind speed) and trajectory. A comparison with similar past events is also provided. Furthermore, we analyze its lightning activity, rainfall data from some meteorological stations of the areas most affected by Ianos, such as Calabria and the Ionian islands of Greece, and the hydrogeological and hydraulic instability effects caused by the passage of the TLC on these territories.
Face masks to fight against COVID-19 pandemics: A comprehensive review of materials, design, technology and product development

The outbreak of COVID-19 has created renewed attention on research and large scale manufacturing of face masks. In the last two decades, usage of face masks for respiratory protection has gained increased importance as a measure to control the maladies and fatalities due to exposure to particulate pollutants and toxic pathogens. Numerous variants of surgical and high-performance respirator masks are available in the market, and yet the fibrous materials science researchers, manufacturers and public health agencies are making concerted efforts towards improvising them with respect to self-sterilisability, facial fit, thermo-physiological comfort, reusability and biodegradability, while maintaining or rather enhancing the filtration efficiency. This review article presents a compendium of materials, design and performance standards of existing face masks, as well as elaborates on developments made for their performance enhancement. The criticality of inculcation of good hygiene habits and earnest compliance to correct mask donning and doffing practices has also been highlighted. This review is expected to make valuable contributions in the present COVID-19 scenario when donning a face mask has become mandatory.
Exploring the Implementation of Digital Tools in Online Classroom

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the teaching process. From face-to-face learning to online learning with various conditions/locations between learners and teachers. This research aims to explore the implementation of digital tools in online classrooms. This is a case study that explores the teaching process and classroom activities in the online teaching and learning process of students in fourth semester of the English Department. When collecting the data, the researchers used observations, interviews, and qualitative visual/digital files. The researcher considered triangulation in the way of data collection. In order to obtain the reliability of the research, the transcript check and the persistence check of the code meaning were adopted. This research reveals that the common digital tools in the online classrooms are Zoom, WhatsApp groups, and Google Classroom. It can be deduced that the common problems that learners face when presenting and listening to explanations through Zoom are internet connection, low battery power, and inability to hear during the explanation process. clear. This online learning familiarizes learners and lecturer with EFL digital media.
Adoption of Mobile Commerce Services Among Artisans in Developing Countries

Aim/Purpose: This paper aims to analyze how artisans in Ghana are incorporating mobile commerce into their everyday business and how perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, subjective norms, age, gender, expertise, and educational level affected the adoption and usage of m-commerce. Background: This study integrates well-established theoretical models to create a new conceptual model that ensures a comprehensive mobile commerce adoption survey. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to measure the constructs and their relations to test the research model. Contribution: The study’s findings confirmed previous results and produced a new conceptual model for mobile commerce adoption and usage. Findings: Except for gender, perceived ease of use, and subjective norms that did not have specific effects on mobile commerce adoption, age, educational level, perceived usefulness, expertise, attitude, and behavioral intention showed significant effects. Recommendations for Practitioners: First of all, mobile commerce service providers should strategically pay critical attention to customer-centered factors that positively affect the adoption of mobile commerce innovations than focusing exclusively on technology-related issues. Mobile service providers can attract more users if they carefully consider promoting elements like perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use which directly or indirectly affect the individuals’ decision to adopt information technology from consumer perspectives. Second, mobile commerce service providers should strategically focus more on younger individuals since, per the research findings, they are more likely to adopt mobile commerce innovations than the older folks in Ghana. Third, service providers should also devise strategies to retain actual users of m-commerce by promoting elements like behavioral intentions and attitude, which according to the research findings, have a higher predictive power on actual usage of m-commerce. Recommendation for Researchers: The conceptual model developed can be employed by researchers worldwide to analyze technology acceptance research. Impact on Society: The study’s findings suggested that mobile commerce adoption could promote a cashless society that is convenient for making buying things quicker and easier. Future Research: The research sample size could be increased, and also the study could all sixteen regions in Ghana or any other country for a broader representation.
Possible COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis Due to Aspergillus niger in Greece

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes direct damage to the pulmonary epithelium, enabling Aspergillus invasion. Rapid progression and high mortality of invasive aspergillosis have been reported. In the present study, we report a rare case of possible COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) caused by A. niger in a Greek patient. Diagnosis was based on ECMM/ISHAM specific criteria and the new algorithm “BM-AspICU” for the invasive pulmonary aspergillosis diagnostic strategy. The fungal isolate was recovered in a non-bronchoalveolar lavage (non-BAL) sample and its identification was performed by standard macroscopic and microscopic morphological studies. MALDI-TOF analysis confirmed the identification of A. niger. In addition, galactomannan antigen and Aspergillus real-time PCR testing were positive in the non-BAL sample, while in serum they proved negative. The A. niger isolate showed an MIC for fluconazole ≥128 μg/mL, for itraconazole and posaconazole 0.25 μg/mL, for voriconazole 0.5 μg/mL, for flucytosine 4 μg/mL, for amphotericin B 1 μg/mL, and for all echinocandins (caspofungin, anidulafungin, micafungin) >8 μg/mL. The patient was initially treated with voriconazole; amphotericin B was subsequently added, when a significant progression of cavitation was demonstrated on chest computed tomography. A. niger was not isolated in subsequent samples and the patient’s unfavorable outcome was attributed to septic shock caused by a pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain.
implications of an increasingly dynamic business environment on change management requirements in german organisations

Under today's circumstances, conventional change management approaches, which are mostly based on stability and controllability, seem to be reaching their limits. Even the near future is quite unpredictable, the dynamics in the business environment are high and change cycles are becoming shorter. Against this background, the paper aims to define the requirements for change management in a dynamic business environment. For this purpose, an online survey with employees in Germany was conducted. 321 valid data sets of respondents from mainly hierarchical and agile organisations in various industries were obtained. The gained data was primarily evaluated quantitatively with the methods of frequency and correlation analysis to test the previously-formulated hypotheses. The results show that employees perceive that change management itself needs to evolve fundamentally to continue to have a significant impact. According to the research, successful handling of organisational change in a dynamic business environment primarily requires a high degree of transparency and open communication, an appropriate culture and mindset as well as holistic collaboration. Among other factors, high speed and flexibility in the change management approach also play an important role. In this context, experimentation and step-by-step adaptation are furthermore crucial.
Similar Sexual Behaviour yet Different Outcomes: Comparing Trans and Gender Diverse and Cis PrEP Users in Germany Based on the Outcomes of the PrApp Study

Little knowledge about pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use in trans and gender diverse (TGD) communities in Germany exists. The PrApp Study collected data on PrEP use and sexual behaviour among PrEP users in Germany. Descriptive methods and logistic regression were used to describe PrEP use among TGD and cis persons. A total of 4350 PrEP users in Germany were included, with 65 (1.5%) identified as TGD. Compared to cis participants, TGD participants were younger (median age 29 vs. 37 years) and more likely to have a lower income (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 4.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.4–8.2) and be born outside Germany (aOR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.3–4.5). On-demand PrEP use was higher in TGD participants (aOR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.0–3.5) and numerically more TGD obtained PrEP from informal sources (aOR = 1.8; 95% CI = 0.9–3.5). Testing behaviour, condom use, and number of sexual partners were comparable between both groups. Socioeconomic disparities may constitute structural barriers for TGD people to access PrEP, leading to more informal and on-demand use. PrEP providers need to reduce access barriers for TGD PrEP users and provide information on safe PrEP use for this population.
THE EFFECT OF DRINKING TURMERIC STEW TOWARDS REDUCING DYSMENORRHEAL PAIN SCALE ON STUDENTS OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1 OF EAST PAMONA, POSO REGENCY

ABSTRACT Menstrual pain, or dysmenorrhea, is a problem that practically all women, regardless of age, suffer during their menstrual cycle. However, the adolescent age group has the highest prevalence of women experiencing this. The symptoms of dysmenorrhea include pain in the lower abdomen extending to the waist that typically begins 2-3 days before menstruation and lasts for 1-2 days throughout menstruation, along with certain associated symptoms such as heartburn, pains, or prickles.1 The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of turmeric stew on the pain scale used to diagnose dysmenorrhea in students attending Senior High School 1 East Pamona, Poso Regency. With a total of 34 respondents, this study used the Quasy Experiment method with a non-randomized control group pre-posttest design and a purposive sampling strategy. The study's data were gathered utilizing general data collection sheets and NRS pain scale measurement sheets (Numeric Rating Scale). The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and the Mann Whitney U-Test were used to analyze the data. Before drinking turmeric stew, both the treatment and control groups had moderate pain. Meanwhile, the average pain intensity after drinking the turmeric stew was 68.8 % mild pain and 31.2 % no pain in the treatment group, and 37.5% mild discomfort and 62.5 % moderate pain in the control group. Following statistical analysis with the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, a p-value of 0,000 ≤ α 0,05was achieved, showing that turmeric stew affected both groups. Additionally, a statistical test utilizing the Mann-Whitney U-Test yielded a value of 0,000 ≤ α 0,05, showing a significant difference in pain scale reduction between the treatment and control groups. To summarize, ingesting turmeric stew has a substantial effect on lowering the pain scale for dysmenorrhea in students. Keywords: Turmeric stew, Dysmenorrhea, High school students
EFFECT OF FINANCIAL LITERACY AND FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR OF FINANCIAL SATISFACTION AT PROFESSIONAL BASKETBALL ATHLETES INDONESIA

This study aims to determine the effect of financial literacy and financial Behavior on Indonesian professional basketball athletes. The population in this study is Indonesian professional basketball athletes who are the members of the Indonesian Basketball League (IBL) 2021. The sample in this study is Indonesian professional basketball athletes who have credit cards and investments. Sources of data in this study through the distribution of questionnaires. The data analysis method uses analysis Partial Least Square (PLS). This analysis shows that financial literacy and financial behavior have a significant effect on financial satisfaction.