Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new

The subspecies irina subspec. nov. of the species group Euchloe ausonia (Hüb­ ner, 1804) is described from the Dzhungarian Alatau (East Kazakhstan). It is closely related to the taxa naina (Kozhantschikov, 1923) and jakutia Back, 1990, differing from them mainly by the roundish major white spots on the underside of the hindwing with the minor spots much reduced. These three Asian subspecies are regarded as belonging to a separate spe­ cies Euchloe naina (Kozhantschikov, 1923), stat. nov., stat. rev., which differ from the Euro­ pean Euchloe simplonia (Boisduval, 1828) by the ratio of the harpa width to the width of the valva at the narrowest point being greater than 0.5, and also by the degree of wing ground colour in females. The relationship of these and other taxa within the species group Euchloe ausonia Hb. is discussed.
Geohydrology and Possible Transport Routes of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Haiku Valley, Oahu, Hawaii

The report discusses geohydrologic evidence of ground-water and surface-water movement and sediment transport in an effort to identify routes by which water-borne contaminants may be transported within and beyond Haiku Valley. Specifically, the report describes the geologic framework of the valley and the bearing it has on the movement of ground water, and water budget of the Haiku Valley basin, the exchange between ground water and surface water, and the movement of sediment by surface water. The concentration of PCBs carried in suspended stream sediment is also described.
HEDONIC PRICE MODELLING OF ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES : A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND A HONG KONG CASE STUDY

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Air pollution and property values 3. Noise and property values 4. View and property values 5. Neighbourhood facilities and property values 6. Zoning regulation and property values 7. Hedonic price modelling of environmental attributes on urban values in Hong Kong 7.1. Air pollution control mechanism in Hong Kong 7.2. Noise pollution control mechanism in Hong Kong 7.3. Hedonic price modelling of the effects of air and noise pollution on urban values in Hong Kong 7.4. Land Use Zoning Mechanism in Hong Kong 7.4. 1 Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines (HKPSG) 7.4. 2 Comprehensive Development Area (CDA) 7.5. Hedonic price modelling of zoning effects on urban values in Hong Kong 7.6. Hedonic price modelling of locational effects on urban values in Hong Kong 7.7. Hedonic price modelling of cultural attributes on urban values in Hong Kong 8. Discussion and conclusion Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketches
Unsupervised building detection from irregularly spaced lidar and aerial imagery

As more data sources containing 3-D information are becoming available, an increased interest in 3-D imaging has emerged. Among these is the 3-D reconstruction of buildings and other man-made structures. A necessary preprocessing step is the detection and isolation of individual buildings that subsequently can be reconstructed in 3-D using various methodologies. Applications for both building detection and reconstruction have commercial use for urban planning, network planning for mobile communication (cell phone tower placement), spatial analysis of air pollution and noise nuisances, microclimate investigations, geographical information systems, security services and change detection from areas affected by natural disasters. Building detection and reconstruction are also used in the military for automatic target recognition and in entertainment for virtual tourism. Previously proposed building detection and reconstruction algorithms solely utilized aerial imagery. With the advent of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems providing elevation data, current algorithms explore using captured LiDAR data as an additional feasible source of information. Additional sources of information can lead to automating techniques (alleviating their need for manual user intervention) as well as increasing their capabilities and accuracy. Several building detection approaches surveyed in the open literature have fundamental weaknesses that hinder their use; such as requiring multiple data sets from different sensors, mandating certain operations to be carried out manually, and limited functionality to only being able to detect certain types of buildings. In this work, a building detection system is proposed and implemented which strives to overcome the limitations seen in existing techniques. The developed framework is flexible in that it can perform building detection from just LiDAR data (first or last return), or just nadir, color aerial imagery. If data from both LiDAR and aerial imagery are available, then the algorithm will use them both for improved accuracy. Additionally, the proposed approach does not employ severely limiting assumptions thus enabling the end user to apply the approach to a wider variety of different building types. The proposed approach is extensively tested using real data sets and it is also compared with other existing techniques. Experimental results are presented.
Handbook of Personal Security

Introduction and Overview. Part 1. Personal Security in Individual Contexts. Security and Uncertainty in Contemporary Delayed-Return Cultures: Coping with the Blockage of Personal Goals, K. van den Bos, I. McGregor, L. Martin. Being Threatened and Being a Threat Can Increase Reliance On Thoughts: A Self-Validation Approach, P. Brinol, K. G. DeMarree, R. E. Petty. Psychological Insecurity and Leadership Styles, C. Schoel, D. Stahlberg, C. Sedikides. The Psychology of Defensiveness: An Integrative Security System Model of Attachment, Self-esteem, and Worldviews, J. Hart. Part I Commentary, C. Holbrook, D. Fessler. Part 2. Personal Security in Interpersonal Contexts. Narcissism and Protection Against Social Threat, S.D. Freis, A.A. Brown, R.M. Arkin. Regulating Relationship Security of Chronically Insecure Partners, E. Lemay. An Attachment Perspective on Personal Security, M. Milkulincer, P.R. Shaver. Attachment Security and Prosociality: Dynamics, Underlying Mechanisms, and Implications, O. Gillath, G. Karantzas. A Goal Circumplex Model of Security Strivings in Social and Cultural Context, K. Tomczyk, B. Yu, X. Zhou. Ostracism Threatens Personal Security: A Temporal Need Threat Framework, E. D. Wesselmann, A. Hales, D. Ren, K. D. Williams. Part II Commentary, M. Clark, K. Von Culin, J. Hirsch. Part 3. Personal Security in Cultural and Health Contexts. Security Seeking in a Regulatory Focus Whodunit: The Case of the Relative Orientation in Behavioral Economics, G. Leonardelli, V. Bohns, J. Gu. Achieving Existential Security through Symbolically Fusing Secular and Religious Sources of Control and Order, A. Kay, S. Shepherd, R. Eibach. Responding to Psychological Threats with Deliberate Ignorance: Causes and Remedies, J. Shepperd, J. Howell. Uncertainty in Healthcare: A Multi-Level Approach, S. Andrews, K. Sweeny. Part III Commentary, A.J. Rothman, A. K. Farrell, L. Auster-Gussman. Part 4. Interdisciplinary Analyses of Personal Security. "Fear Appeals" and Security in American Foreign Relations, C. Fettweis. Terrorism, Personal Security, and Responsible Policy Making, J. Mueller, M.G. Stewart. Secure in Their Beliefs: Personal Security, the Quest for Personal Significance, and the Psychology of Extremism, A. Kruglanski, N. Schori-Eyal. Ecology and Evolution of Personal Security: Adaptive Interdependence of the Individual and the Collective, R. Sagarin. Part IV Commentary, T. Kolditz, J. Lovelace.
Mitigating Real-World Distribution Shifts in the Fourier Domain

While machine learning systems can be highly accurate in their training environments, their performance in real-world deployments can suffer significantly due to distribution shifts. Real-world distribution shifts involve various input distortions due to noise, weather, device and other variations. Many real-world distribution shifts are not represented in standard domain adaptation datasets and prior empirical work has shown that domain adaptation methods developed using these standard datasets may not generalize well to real-world distribution shifts. Furthermore, motivated by observations of the sensitivity of deep neural networks (DNN) to the spectral statistics of data, which can vary in real-world scenarios, we propose Fourier Moment Matching (FMM), a model-agnostic input transformation that matches the Fourier-amplitude statistics of source to target data using unlabeled samples. We demonstrate through extensive empirical evaluations across time-series, image classification and semantic segmentation tasks that FMM is effective both individually and when combined with a variety of existing methods to overcome real-world distribution shifts.
A Small Molecule with PAH Vibrational Properties and a Detectable Rotational Spectrum: c-(C)C3H2, Cyclopropenylidenyl Carbene

The cyclopropenylidenyl carbene, c-(C)C3H2, should make for an excellent probe of unidentified infrared bands. It has a dipole moment of roughly 5.0 D making it easily detectable rotationally from the ground. Furthermore, it has vibrational frequencies computed here with proven and high-level quantum chemical methods that line up rather well with the typical C−H stretch, C−C stretch, out-of-plane wag, etc., bins delineated for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fundamental frequencies. For instance, the bright C = C stretches are predicted to be at 5.474 and 6.394 μm, in line with the aromatic infrared bands observed toward various astrophysical regions and within the range of the EXES instrument on board the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy. As a result, potential radioastronomical detection of this molecule could be followed with IR analysis leading to a rare two-pronged analysis for this hydrocarbon, which should shed light onto the nature of currently unattributed IR features.
Hierarchical Brain Networks Active in Approach and Avoidance Goal Pursuit

Effective approach/avoidance goal pursuit is critical for attaining long-term health and well-being. Research on the neural correlates of key goal-pursuit processes (e.g., motivation) has long been of interest, with lateralization in prefrontal cortex being a particularly fruitful target of investigation. However, this literature has often been limited by a lack of spatial specificity and has not delineated the precise aspects of approach/avoidance motivation involved. Additionally, the relationships among brain regions (i.e., network connectivity) vital to goal-pursuit remain largely unexplored. Specificity in location, process, and network relationship is vital for moving beyond gross characterizations of function and identifying the precise cortical mechanisms involved in motivation. The present paper integrates research using more spatially specific methodologies (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging) with the rich psychological literature on approach/avoidance to propose an integrative network model that takes advantage of the strengths of each of these literatures.
Ecology of bryophytes along altitudinal and latitudinal gradients in New Zealand. Studies in austral temperate rain forest bryophytes 15.

Six altitudinal transects through temperate rain forests were studied at different latitudes in the South and North Island of New Zealand with respect to species numbers of bryophytes, cover and phytomass of epiphytic bryophytes, composition of life forms and ratio liverworts : mosses. Phytodiversity of bryophytes is almost constant from the lowlands to the high montane belt but decreases in the subalpine belt. Similarly, phytomass and cover increase with elevation but decrease in the subalpine belt. The percentage of liverworts increases accordingly and can reach maxima of 80-90%. The most significant life forms are tails and wefts characteristic for hyperhygric conditions, pendents for cloud belts and cushions for subalpine belts. The altitudinal gradient is much stronger then the latitudinal gradient, that means the differences between the elevations within a transect are more important than the differences between the transects. They are attributed to the humidity. The temperate rain forests of New Zealand have similar bryological characteristics as the tropical rain forests in equatorial latitudes in 2000 – 3000 m altitude but differ in the drier subalpine belt and higher phytomass.
Birth month and adult lifespan: A within-family, cohort, and spatial examination using FamiLinx data in the United States (1700–1899)

BACKGROUND Research has shown that the circumstances surrounding birth may influence the timing of death. In the northern hemisphere, children born in spring and summer have a shorter lifespan than those born in fall and winter. OBJECTIVE We describe the effect of month of birth on adult lifespan (50+) in the United States in three ways. First, we estimate it between and within groups of siblings, accounting for unobserved factors at the family level. Second, we estimate the effect of birth month across a period of about 200 years (1700 ‒ 1899). Third, we examine geographical variation in the effect of birth month across US census areas.
Explaining Declining Business Dynamism: A Monetary Growth-Theoretic Approach

This study offers a monetary growth theory that can explain the declining business dynamism observed over the past few decades in some developed countries by developing a new R&D-based growth model; the main departure from existing models is the introduction of an entry cost after innovation and an endogenous survival investment that is subject to a cash-in-advance constraint. Due to this, in our model, the entry/exit rates and firm age distribution are all endogenous. The core finding is that, theoretically, the nature of business dynamism at the macro level essentially depends on nominal factors. Specifically, lower inflation leads to declining business dynamism, characterized by lower entry and exit rates and a maturity bias in the firm age distribution, if the entry cost is sufficiently high. Empirically, we also find supportive evidence that, among a set of European countries, firm entry/exit rates are higher in countries with higher inflation rates. Then, calibrating the model to the E.U. economy, we verify that lower inflation leads to declining business dynamism under empirically plausible values of entry, exit, and inflation rates.
Efficient Bottom-Up Image Segmentation Using Region Competition and the Mumford-Shah Model for Color and Textured Images

Curve evolution implementations of the Mumford-Shah functional are of broad interest in image segmentation. These implementations, however, have initialization problems. A mathematical analysis of the initialization problem for the Chan-Vese implementation is provided in this paper. The initialization problem is a result of the non-convexity of the MumfordShah functional and the top-down hierarchy of the model's use of global region information in the image. Based on the analysis, efficient implementation methods are proposed for the Chan-Vese models. The proposed methods do not have to solve PDEs and thus work fast. The advantages of level set methods, such as automatic handling of topological changes, are preserved. These methods work well for images without strong noise. Initialization problems, however, still exist. A bottom-up image segmentation method is proposed that alleviates the initialization problem, based on region competition and the Mumford Shah functional. This algorithm extends the method in Jean Michel Morel, et al., (1995) and is able to automatically and efficiently segment objects in complicated images. Using a bottom-up hierarchy, the method avoids the initialization problem in the Chan-Vese model and works for images with multiple junctions and color images. It is then extended to textured images using Gabor filters and fractal methods. Experimental results show that the proposed method works well and is robust to the effects of noise
Christopher Town Ontological Inference for Image and Video Analysis

This paper presents an approach to designing and implementing extensible computational models for perceiving systems based on a knowledge-driven joint inference approach. These models can integrate different sources of information both horizontally (multi-modal and temporal fusion) and vertically (bottom-up, topdown) by incorporating prior hierarchical knowledge expressed as an extensible ontology. Two implementations of this approach are presented. The first consists of a content based image retrieval system which allows users to search image databases using an ontological query language. Queries are parsed using a probabilistic grammar and Bayesian networks to map high level concepts onto low level image descriptors, thereby bridging the “semantic gap” between users and the retrieval system. The second application extends the notion of ontological languages to video event detection. It is shown how effective high-level state and event recognition mechanisms can be learned from a set of annotated training sequences by incorporating syntactic and semantic constraints represented by an ontology.
Centrality Bias in Inter-city Trade

Large cities with central location excessively export to smaller cities in close proximity. Using Japanese inter-city trade data, we identify a substantial centrality bias: Exports from central places to their hinterland are 40%-100% larger than predicted by gravity forces. This upward bias stems from aggregating industries, which are hierarchically distributed across large and small cities. Decomposing the centrality bias along the margins of our data, we identify the extensive industry margin as the main driver behind this aggregation bias. Relying on a theory-consistent decomposition of the aggregate gravity equation, we also sort out the underlying theoretical channels that are responsible for the manifestation of the centrality bias.
Robust long-term correlation tracking with multiple models

To address the challenge of repetitive target appearance variation and frequent occlusion, existing visual tracking methods either handle corrupted samples or correct the appearance model. In this study, the authors propose a novel framework that successfully combines these two strategies. In their method, the base tracker is an improved discriminative correlation filter-based tracker, in which an independent classifier is employed to alleviate the problem of corrupted samples; the best model is selected for improvement from a group of models, which they call a ‘model colony’. The model colony is composed of models updated via different processes. The correlation output and the peak-to-sidelobe ratio are used to evaluate each model in the model colony. In addition, they propose a novel criterion called the maximum-to-others ratio for superior model selection. Experiments on 80 challenging sequences show that their tracker outperforms state-of-the-art trackers. In addition, experimental results demonstrate that their formulation significantly improves the performance of their base tracker.
Genetic Testing for Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy Effective : February 1 , 2017

PLEASE NOTE: Contracts exclude from coverage, among other things, services or procedures that are considered investigational or cosmetic. Providers may bill members for services or procedures that are considered investigational or cosmetic. Providers are encouraged to inform members before rendering such services that the members are likely to be financially responsible for the cost of these services.
Numerical Simulation of Diffuser of a Gas Turbine using the Actuator Disc
 Model

An analysis of the exhaust diffuser section of a gas turbine is presented by incorporating the reduced order mathematical model “actuator disc concept” that represents the last stage of the turbine. The actuator disc model is one of the simplified numerical methods for analyzing the aerodynamic performance of axial turbine stage. In which, the rotor and the stator of the turbine stages are modeled as zero thickness discs with a specified blade speed and zero speed respectively. Finite volume based commercial CFD package ANSYS FLUENT was employed for the numerical investigation of the applicability of the proposed simplified model. The compressible Navier-Stoke equations along with k- turbulent model were solved in the computational domain by incorporating suitable boundary conditions. The implementation of actuator disc boundary conditions is described in detail. The numerical results obtained from the proposed model are in good agreement with the experimental data available in the literature. The effect of casing angle on the performance of diffuser is presented.
Radio emission models of colliding-wind binary systems. Inclusion of IC cooling

Radio emission models of colliding wind binaries (CWBs) have been discussed by Dougherty et al. (2003). We extend these models by considering the temporal and spatial evolution of the energy distribution of relativistic electrons as they advect downstream from their shock acceleration site. The energy spectrum evolves significantly due to the strength of inverse-Compton (IC) cooling in these systems, and a full numerical evaluation of the synchrotron emission and absorption coefficients is made. We have demonstrated that the geometry of the WCR and the streamlines of the flow within it lead to a spatially dependent break frequency in the synchrotron emission. We therefore do not observe a single, sharp break in the synchrotron spectrum integrated over the WCR, but rather a steepening of the synchrotron spectrum towards higher frequencies. We also observe that emission from the wind-collision region (WCR) may appear brightest near the shocks, since the impact of IC cooling on the non-thermal electron distribution is greatest near the contact discontinuity (CD), and demonstrate that the impact of IC cooling on the observed radio emission increases significantly with decreasing binary separation. We study how the synchrotron emission changes in response to departures from equipartition, and investigate how the thermal flux from the WCR varies with binary separation. Since the emission from the WCR is optically thin, we see a substantial fraction of this emission at certain viewing angles, and we show that the thermal emission from a CWB can mimic a thermal plus non-thermal composite spectrum if the thermal emission from the WCR becomes comparable to that from the unshocked winds. We demonstrate that the observed synchrotron emission depends upon the viewing angle and the wind-momentum ratio, and find that the observed synchrotron emission decreases as the viewing angle moves through the WCR from the WR shock to the O shock. We obtain a number of insights relevant to models of closer systems such as WR 140. Finally, we apply our new models to the very wide system WR 147. The acceleration of non-thermal electrons appears to be very efficient in our models of WR 147, and we suggest that the shock structure may be modified by feedback from the accelerated particles.