Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Promoting Democracy Under Electoral Authoritarianism: Evidence From Cambodia

After many decades and billions of dollars spent, the effects of foreign democracy promotion interventions remain poorly understood, particularly in authoritarian contexts. Do these external interventions contribute to the building blocks of democratization and democratic consolidation under autocracy? Do these potential contributions come at the cost of bolstering autocrats’ credibility? This article presents a randomized study of a democracy promotion program undertaken by a prominent international non-governmental organization (INGO) in rural Cambodia, in which elected parliamentarians from multiple political parties interacted with constituents. The intervention had relatively large effects on individuals’ knowledge about politics and self-reported political engagement but, crucially, did not give citizens increased confidence in Cambodia’s “democracy,” suggesting a role for democracy promotion without whitewashing the authoritarian nature of Cambodian politics. Overall, the results suggest that democracy promotion under authoritarianism can foster a more engaged and informed citizenry without lending undue credibility to an authoritarian system.
Shock Absorbers and Transmitters: The Dual Facets of Bank Specialization

This paper highlights the dual facets of bank specialization. After negative industry-speciﬁc shocks, banks specializing in an aﬀected-sector act as shock absorbers, by increasing their lending to ﬁrms in that sector at lower interest rates than non-specialized banks. This lending is to ﬁrms with ex-post higher proﬁtability, thus not consistent with zombie lending. However, when there are funding constraints, increased lending to the aﬀected sector by specialized banks is accompanied by a simultaneous cut in lending to unrelated sectors, thereby transmitting the shock. These ﬁrms compensate by raising funds externally, however, in overall tight ﬁnancing conditions, there are negative aggregate real eﬀects. Our results suggest that three after the loan origination. In IV, the estimated coeﬃcient for the triple interaction is positive and signiﬁcant at 5%, suggesting that low capitalized banks credit to ﬁrms with ex-ante higher proﬁtability.
The Lower Thermospheric Winter‐To‐Summer Meridional Circulation: 1. Driving Mechanism

In this study, the mechanism driving the narrow lower‐thermospheric winter‐to‐summer meridional circulation is thoroughly investigated for the first time using the Specified Dynamics configuration runs of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model eXtended (SD‐WACCMX) simulations and the TIMED Doppler Interferometer (TIDI) observations. The mean meridional circulation in the SD‐WACCMX is qualitatively consistent with the TIDI measurements, though the magnitude in the SD‐WACCMX is about 50% weaker. The lower‐thermospheric winter‐to‐summer circulation is mainly driven by the resolved wave forcing, including the tides and internally generated inertia gravity waves (GWs). The momentum forcing from the parameterized sub‐grid scale GWs is not as significant as the resolved wave forcing in driving the lower‐thermospheric meridional circulation. The GW parameterization scheme in the SD‐WACCMX only includes GWs with phase velocities in the range of ±45 m/s, which might result in most of the parameterized sub‐grid GWs dissipating and breaking in the mesosphere and hardly impacting the lower thermosphere. Only including slow GWs in the SD‐WACCMX parameterization could potentially lead to the underestimation of the meridional wind in the model. Analysis also indicates the lower‐thermospheric meridional circulation is stronger in the summer hemisphere, which is attributed to the hemispheric asymmetry in the resolved wave momentum forcing. This study underlines the importance of the whole atmosphere coupling through wave propagation and dissipation. This understanding can guide the model development with an accurate representation of underlying physical processes in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere which drives the lower‐thermospheric circulation as well as the overall dynamics of this region.
Entanglement of assistance and multipartite state distillation

We find that the asymptotic entanglement of assistance of a general bipartite mixed state is equal to the smaller of its two local entropies. Our protocol gives rise to the asymptotically optimal Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair distillation procedure for a given tripartite pure state, and we show that it actually yields EPR and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states; in fact, under a restricted class of protocols, which we call "one-way broadcasting," the GHZ rate is shown to be optimal. This result implies a capacity theorem for quantum channels where the environment helps transmission by broadcasting the outcome of an optimally chosen measurement. We discuss generalizations to m parties and show (for m=4) that the maximal amount of entanglement that can be localized between two parties is given by the smallest entropy of a group of parties of which the one party is a member, but not the other. This gives an explicit expression for the asymptotic localizable entanglement and shows that any nontrivial ground state of a spin system can be used as a perfect quantum repeater if many copies are available in parallel. Finally, we provide evidence that any unital channel is asymptotically equivalent to a mixture of unitaries and any general channel to a mixture of partial isometries.
The Rise of the Wave Theory of Light: Optical Theory and Experiment in the Early Nineteenth Century

"No one interested in the history of optics, the history of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century physics, or the general phenomenon of theory change in science can afford to ignore Jed Buchwald's well-structured, highly detailed, and scrupulously researched book. Buchwald's analysis will surely constitute the essential starting point for further work on this important and hitherto relatively neglected episode of theory change. "-John Worrall, "Isis"
Cavity quantum electrodynamical Chern insulator: Towards light-induced quantized anomalous Hall effect in graphene

We show that an energy gap is induced in graphene by light-matter coupling to a circularly polarized photon mode in a cavity. Using many-body perturbation theory, we compute the electronic spectra which exhibit photon-dressed sidebands akin to Floquet sidebands for laser-driven materials. In contrast with Floquet topological insulators, in which a strictly quantized Hall response is induced by light only for off-resonant driving in the high-frequency limit, the photon-dressed Dirac fermions in the cavity show a quantized Hall response characterized by an integer Chern number. Specifically for graphene, we predict that a Hall conductance of $2{e}^{2}/h$ can be induced in the low-temperature limit.
High sensitivity refractive index sensor based on the semicircular bent fiber

A refractive index sensor based on a semicircular bent fiber is presented. The interference occurs between the cladding mode excited in the bending region and the core mode. The experimental results show that the resonant dip wavelength decreases linearly with the increase of the refractive index of the surrounding environment and the sensitivity of the sensor increases linearly with the increasing of the bending radius. A high sensitivity of 1031 nm per refractive index unit is obtained over the refractive index range of 1.3324 to 1.3435 by using a bent fiber with a bending radius of 500 μm.
Operational and Financial Impacts of Digital Health Technology: A Study on Canadian Healthcare System during the COVID-19 Pandemic

During COVID-19, hospital capacity was significantly reduced to limit the spread of the pandemic. The limitations affected the efficiency of service delivery. We examined the effects of pandemic-related challenges on patient experience and hypothesize that digital health implementation increased patient satisfaction. We surveyed nationally aggregated data in hospital occupancy, hospital funding and patient experience, and plotted their correlation. We found digital health to contribute to patient experience and service-delivery effectiveness. We evaluate the benefits of digital health in context of hospital service delivery. Post-COVID-19, we recommend a continued implementation of digital health and offer suggestions to further improve its efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
EVALUATION OF RICHARDSON EXTRAPOLATION IN COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS

The concept of Richardson extrapolation is evaluated for improving the solution accuracy of two well-investigated two-dimensional flow problems: (1) laminar cavity flows with Re = 100 and 1,000; and (2) the Reynolds-averaged backward-facing step turbulent flow with Re = 10 6 , aided by the widely used k- k two-equation model with wall function. Uniform grid systems are employed in all cases to facilitate unambiguous assessment. By systematically refining the grid, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solutions with different resolutions are first obtained, then extrapolated from a finer to a coarser grid using Lagrangian interpolation with either a 9-point or a 16-point formula. For laminar flows, Richardson extrapolation does not exhibit consistent trends in order of accuracy. Furthermore, the relative performance of Richardson extrapolation, in comparison with solutions obtained directly from mesh refinement, is not sensitive to the level of residuals contained in each computation, the detailed interpolation formula between grids, the choice between second-order central difference and upwind convection schemes, and the selection of the error norms. For turbulent flow computations, large jumps in velocity profiles between the wall and the first node cause difficulties in interpolation, and Richardson extrapolation performs unsatisfactorily under such situations. The present study indicates that Richardson extrapolation does not work consistently in approaches typically employed for engineering CFD applications.
Large eddy simulation of an Ahmed reference model

This paper presents the first large eddy simulation (LES) of the Ahmed reference model. LES allows a much greater depth of analysis than most other turbulent simulation methods. Here the richness of information provided by LES is used to show a wide range of flow results such as: time averaged mean profiles, time-dependent traces, flow spectra and a number of two-dimensional and three-dimensional animations of the flowfield. The body geometry is analysed at a given slant angle of 28° using the PRICELES/TRIO_U code platform. This angle is chosen as it is close to the critical angle at which the flow changes between two different regimes. A non-structured tetrahedral grid is used which enables accurate modelling of the body geometry while avoiding the need for a prohibitively expensive mesh. The drag estimation and flow field visualizations indicate that the flow is in the regime corresponding to angles above the critical angle, although the geometry is just below the critical angle. The simulation revealed.
Comparison of the Concordance of Cardiometabolic Diseases and Physical and Laboratory Examination Findings between Monozygotic and Dizygotic Korean Adult Twins: A Cross-Sectional Study Using KoGES HTS Data

This study investigated the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) by comparing disease concordance in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. This cross-sectional study analyzed 1294 (1040 monozygotic and 254 dizygotic) twin pairs (>20 years) based on the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study data (2005–2014). The odds ratios of disease concordance were calculated using binomial and multinomial logistic regression models. The occurrence of CMDs (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, cerebral stroke, transient ischemic attack, and ischemic heart disease) and related physical and laboratory levels did not differ between the monozygotic and dizygotic twin groups. The odds for concordance of the presence/absence of CMDs and the likelihood of incident CMD within monozygotic twins were comparable to that of dizygotic twins. The absolute differences in hemoglobin A1c, insulin, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure were lower in monozygotic twins than in dizygotic twins. Absolute differences in fasting glucose and diastolic blood pressure did not differ between groups. Although baseline levels of several laboratory parameters related to CMD showed a strong likelihood of heritability in monozygotic twins, CMD phenotype appears to be largely affected by environmental factors.
Effect of phosphorus and bioinoculants and their residual effect on succeeding chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

A field experiments were conducted during kharif and rabi 2016–17 and 2017–18 at ZARS, Jhabua to study the effect of phosphorus and bioinoculants on growth attributes, yields, nutrient uptake and economics in maize - chickpea cropping system. Among the treatments, significantly higher growth and yield parameters of maize were recorded with the application of 60 kg P2O5/ha + NPK consortia as compared to other treatments. The highest grain yield (54.62 q/ha), stover yield (52.63 q/ha), biological yield (106.58 q/ha) were obtained under 60 kg P2O5/ha + NPK consortia which was at par to each other and significantly superior to control, PSB I, PSB II and NPK consortia. This treatment also observed the highest total N, P and K uptake by grain and stover. The residual study of phosphorus and bioinoculants on succeeding chickpea was found to have significant effect on growth and yield attributes. Among the various treatments, maximum seed yield (24.04 q/ha), and biological yield (60.69 q/ha) were observed under 60 kg P2O5/ha + NPK consortia. Similarly, the highest total uptake of N, P and K were recorded with the application of 60 kg P2O5/ha + NPK consortia. Treatment receiving 60 kg P2O5/ha + NPK consortia realized the maximum gross return (×103 204.34 `/ha), net return (×103 157.08 `/ha) and B:C ratio (3.32) as compared to other treatments.
Professional Male Beach Handball Players Performance Profile

Beach handball is a sport that has seen an increase in the number of players in the last decade. The aim of the study was to evaluate the basic measures of body composition, maturation, performance outcomes and the adherence to the Mediterranean diet of professional beach handball players, as a function of category (junior vs. senior) and playing positions. Thirty-six professional beach handball players participated in the study: 18 seniors (age: 25.0 ± 5.19) and 18 juniors (age: 16.7 ± 0.46); Each player’s body composition and different sports performance variables were analysed using the CMJ test, the Abalakov test, the Yo-Yo Test IR1 and the handgrip test. The Mediterranean diet Adherence was analysed using the KIDMED questionnaire. Significant differences are observed for all performance variables, with the values of senior players being higher in all cases (p < 0.005). Moreover, the adherence to the Mediterranean diet is moderate. Positive correlations were observed between the CMJ and weight (p = 0.012) and the CMJ and the BMI (p = 0.003). The same was observed for the Abalakov test, with p = 0.004 for weight and p = 0.001 for the BMI. Regarding the dynamometry, it positively correlates with the height (p = 0.002), the sitting height (p = 0.008), wingspan (p < 0.001) and weight (p = 0.011). The opposite occurred with the Yo-Yo Test and the KIDMED variables. Conclusions: One aspect to improve, as a key performance factor, would be the adherence to the Mediterranean diet for both categories. Players with a better adherence, achieved better results in the performance tests.
Genetic population structure and demographic history of the endemic fish Paralichthys olivaceus of the Northwest Pacific Ocean

Abstract The Northwest Pacific marginal waters comprising the South China Sea, East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and the Sea of Japan have unique geomorphic features. The Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, which is endemic to the Northwest Pacific, has high nutritional, economic, and ecological value. To allow the examination of the demographic history and population structure of the most common P. olivaceus species range over the five marginal seas (East China Sea, Yellow Sea, Bohai Sea, Northwest Pacific Ocean, and the Sea of Japan), the mitochondrial DNA control region of 91 individuals from six populations in China was sequenced. These sequences were combined with 233 sequences from four populations distributed in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean for analysis. Higher levels of nucleotide diversity (0.032 ± 0.016) and haplotype diversity (0.996 ± 0.001) were observed. The peripheral Fuqing population in the East China Sea had the relatively lowest genetic diversity and highest differentiation. Furthermore, when the results of the isolation by distance test, spatial analysis of molecular variation and geographic barrier analysis are also considered, there is a clear need to prioritize resource conservation and enhancement measures in this area. The phylogenetic trees, structure assignment test, and haplotypes network revealed no significant differences in the genealogical structure among ten populations. Mismatch distribution analysis, Bayesian skyline plots, and neutrality tests suggested that P. olivaceus experienced population expansion during the Pleistocene. Ocean currents and climate change play important roles in shaping the geographical distribution and genetic population structure of P. olivaceus.
Primary proton spectrum between 200-TeV and 1000-TeV observed with the Tibet burst detector and air shower array

Since 1996, a hybrid experiment consisting of the emulsion chamber and burst detector array and the Tibet-II air-shower array has been operated at Yangbajing (4300 m above sea level, 606 $\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2})$ in Tibet. This experiment can detect air-shower cores, called burst events, accompanied by air showers in excess of about 100 TeV. We observed about 4300 burst events accompanied by air showers during 690 days of operation and selected 820 proton-induced events with its primary energy above 200 TeV using a neural network method. Using this data set, we obtained the energy spectrum of primary protons in the energy range from 200 to 1000 TeV. The differential energy spectrum obtained in this energy region can be fitted by a power law with the index of $\ensuremath{-}2.97\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06,$ which is steeper than that obtained by direct measurements at lower energies. We also obtained the energy spectrum of helium nuclei at particle energies around 1000 TeV.
Production cross sections of hyperons and charmed baryons from e⁺e⁻ annihilation near √s=10.52 GeV

We measure the inclusive production cross sections of hyperons and charmed baryons from e(+)e(-) annihilation using a 800 fb(-1) data sample taken near the gamma(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider. The feed-down contributions from heavy particles are subtracted using our data, and the direct production cross sections are presented for the first time. The production cross sections divided by the number of spin states for S = -1 hyperons follow an exponential function with a single slope parameter except for the Sigma(1385)(+) resonance. Suppression for Sigma(1385)(+) and Xi(1530)(0) hyperons is observed. Among the production cross sections of charmed baryons, a factor of 3 difference for Lambda(+)(c) states over Sigma(c) states is observed. This observation suggests a diquark structure for these baryons.
Vacuum Formed Temporary Spherical and Toroidal Bent Crystal Analyzers for High Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy.

We demonstrate that vacuum forming of 10-cm diameter silicon wafers of various crystallographic orientations under an x-ray permeable, flexible window can easily generate spherically bent crystal analyzers (SBCA) and toroidally bent crystal analyzers (TBCA) with ~1-eV energy resolution and a 1-m major radius of curvature. In applications at synchrotron light sources, x-ray free electron lasers, and laboratory spectrometers these characteristics are generally sufficient for many x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) applications in the chemical sciences. Unlike existing optics manufacturing methods using epoxy or anodic bonding, vacuum forming without adhesive is temporary in the sense that the bent wafer can be removed when vacuum is released and exchanged for a different orientation wafer. Therefore, the combination of an x-ray compatible vacuum-forming chamber, a library of thin wafers, and a small number of forms having different secondary curvatures can give extreme flexibility in spectrometer energy range. As proof of this method we determine the energy resolution and reflectivity for several such vacuum-formed bent crystal analyzers (VF-BCA) in laboratory based XAFS and XES studies using a conventional x-ray tube. For completeness we also show x-ray images collected on the detector plane to characterize the resulting focal spots and optical aberrations.
The 5 Gyr evolution of sub-M* galaxies

We gathered two complete samples of $M_{AB}(r) 10^{9} M_{\odot}$) galaxies, which are representative of the present-day galaxies and their counterparts at 5 Gyr ago. We analysed their 2D luminosity profiles and carefully decomposed them into bulges, bars and discs. This was done in a very consistent way at the two epochs, by using the same image quality and same (red) filters at rest. We classified them into elliptical, lenticular, spiral, and peculiar galaxies on the basis of a morphological decision tree. We found that at $z=0$, sub-M* ($10^{9} M_{\odot} < M_{star} < 1.5 \times 10^{10} M_{\odot}$) galaxies follow a similar Hubble Sequence compared to their massive counterparts, though with a considerable larger number of (1) peculiar galaxies and (2) low surface brightness galaxies. These trends persist in the $z\sim0.5$ sample, suggesting that sub-M* galaxies have not reached yet a virialised state, conversely to their more massive counterparts. The fraction of peculiar galaxies is always high, consistent with a hierarchical scenario in which minor mergers could have played a more important role for sub-M* galaxies than for more massive galaxies. Interestingly, we also discovered that more than 10\% of the sub-M* galaxies at z=0.5 are low surface brightness galaxies with clumpy and perturbed features that suggest merging. Even more enigmatic is the fact that their disc scale-lengths are comparable to that of M31, while their stellar masses are similar to that of the LMC.