Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leadership, Management and Command in the time of the Coronavirus

The Covid-19 pandemic that swept through the world in late 2019 and through 2020 provides a test not just for all societies and their leadership, but for leadership theory. In a world turned upside down, when many conventions are disposed of, it is clear that things will not return to the status quo ante any time soon, if ever. In the light of these challenges, this short paper suggests we might reconsider the way governments and their leaders act against the frame of societal problems, originally established by Rittell and Webber in 1973. I suggest that all three modes of decision-making (Leadership, management and command) are necessary because of the complex and complicated nature of the problem and conclude that while Command is appropriate for certain times and issues, it also poses long-term threats, especially if the context is ignored.
Blood Fluke Infection of Cultured Tiger Puffer Takifugu rubripes Imported from China to Japan

Monthly samplings of tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes, which had been cultured in China and later introduced to a farm in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan, in May 2005, were conducted over a four-month period commencing in June 2005. Blood flukes were found in the visceral vascular system with the highest number being 162 worms/fish, and their eggs accumulated in the vis-ceral organs. The parasite was classified within the genus Psettarium based on the unique male reproductive system, and tentatively designated as Psettarium sp. TPC (= tiger puffer from China). Molecular analyses, using the ITS2 rDNA gene indicated that the blood flukes of tiger puffer from two other sources (cultured in China and subsequently in the Kyushu area, and cultured in China only) were also Psettarium sp. TPC. This suggests that the infection cycle of Psettarium sp. TPC has been established in China. On the other hand, no evidence was found that its life cycle is complete in Japanese waters. Similar blood flukes were collected in 1993 from post-spawned tiger puffer caught in a set-net in Wakasa Bay, Fukui Prefecture and maintained there for several months. This parasite was differentiated from Psettarium sp. TPC by the presence of 5-6 rows of pre-oral spines and designated as Psettarium sp. TPJ (= tiger puffer from Japan).
Acceptance of Islamic financial technology (FinTech) banking services by Malaysian users: an extension of technology acceptance model

This paper aims to examine the determinants that influence bank users’ acceptance for Islamic financial technology (FinTech) services by extending the technology acceptance model (TAM) in the Malaysian context. ,The survey was conducted using convenience sampling. Moreover, 205 responses were gathered from users of the Islamic bank. On the same note, the literature on determinants of Islamic FinTech acceptance and TAM was reviewed as well in a bid to contribute to the factors that are instrumental in determining the acceptance of FinTech services. ,Findings of the study reveal that Islamic FinTech’s services acceptance is determined by perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and also by another variable, which is consumer innovativeness (CI). On the contrary other factors, self-efficacy and subjective norms are found not to be influential in determining Islamic FinTech’s acceptance by Islamic banking users. ,TAM is extended in the context of Islamic FinTech. A new variable, namely, CI is tested using TAM. CI is yet to be tested, therefore, this paper will be a useful reference for the policymakers, academicians and future researchers.
Affect philosophy meets incongruity: about transformative potentials in comic laughter

The emergence of philosophical affect theory, sourced substantially in Continental philosophy, has intensified scholarly attention around affective potentials in laughter. However, the relationship between laughter’s affect and the comic remains a complicated one for researchers, with some maintaining that the two should be studied separately (Emmerson 2019, Parvulescu 2010). While there is a credible academic rationale for drawing precise distinctions, the present article takes an integrative approach to laughter and the comic. It analyzes, then synthesizes, points of convergence between key texts in affect philosophy and certain elements of incongruity-based humour theory. Specifically, the article seeks to demonstrate that some integration can bring insight and clarity to discussion of transformative potentials sometimes attributed to forms of comic laughter, especially within cultural studies and social science following the philosophy of Deleuze. This approach may also usefully complicate the concept of incongruity itself.
Studies on Fusarium wilt of bananas. VI. Variability and the cultivar concept in Fusarium oxysporum f. cúbense.

The range in cultural variability of Fusarium oxysporum f. cubense on potato dextrose agar was studied. Several hundred isolates obtained from diseased varieties of Musa were categorized into four morphological groupings or cultivars. These were termed 'Sporodochial', 'Ropy', 'Cottony Alba', and 'Slimy Pionnotal'. The morphological cultivar 'Sporodochial' was further divided physiologically into 'Odoratum' and 'Inodoratum' cultivars. Clones producing sporodochia were the parental forms from which all other cultural types could arise by mutation. Mutants did not revert to their parental types. A system is proposed for cataloguing clones of plant pathogenic Fusarium species. Based on morphological characters, the catalog is intended to serve as a collection of data which provides also for the categorizing of cultivars.
Surface behaviour of bait-attracted white sharks at Dyer Island (South Africa)

Abstract Six research expeditions were conducted at Dyer Island to observe the surface behaviour of white sharks in the presence of bait. Observations were made from a commercial cage-diving boat. We observed 140 white sharks that exhibited 9 different types of behaviour: parading, bait following, visual inspection, breach, tail slap, tail stand, spy hop, repetitive aerial gaping, and head-up vertical emerging. Breach and tail slap were most often performed by male sharks, and tail slap and tail stand were more often performed by mature animals. The ethogram consisted of an average of 20 behavioural units, with a significant transitional pattern from bait follow to parading and from parading to bait follow. The individual surface behaviour of white sharks is not a simple stimulus–response reflex, but rather a complex tactical situation in which animals show plastic responses. Many aspects of white shark surface behaviour resemble those of other predator species that spend time at the surface.
Leaf Azimuth in Strip-Intercropped Corn

In strip-intercropping conditions where rows of corn (Zea mays L.) are subjected to widely different levels of radiation interception and of water and nutrient competition, leaf azimuthal direction may be an important determinant of yield. Observations of ear leaf direction were made on two outside rows and one middle row of a corn strip grown with small-grain cereal and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] strip-intercrops in four trials with north-south rows in Ontario and Michigan. The objectives were to assess if row position within the strip and seed orientation at planting affect leaf azimuth and to find out if ear leaf azimuth and yield are related. In only one of the four trials was there a correlation between yield and the frequency of ears from ear leaves pointing in a specific direction (west). In both locations, row position affected the proportion of ear leaves in a direction perpendicular to the row and toward the inside of the strip rather than toward the outside in the case of border rows. When seed orientation at planting was controlled, 60 to 74% of ear leaves (leaves 11 or 12) developed in the same direction as the embryo orientation or opposite this orientation. Random orientation of the seed resulted in random ear leaf azimuths, except in a very dry growing season, when leaf azimuthal directions were mostly parallel to row direction, minimizing interception of radiation. This suggests that leaf azimuth could be an indicator of water deficit.
An audit of dressing practice by occupational therapists in acute stroke settings in England

Introduction Dressing independence is commonly affected after stroke, with clinical guidelines recommending that dressing practice should routinely be provided for those with dressing difficulties. The aim of this study was to update the literature on current practice in the treatment of dressing problems in stroke rehabilitation units. Method A questionnaire survey of occupational therapists experienced in stroke care was sent to 157 stroke units in England. Results Responses were received from 70 stroke units. Frequency and duration of dressing practice varied substantially between units, with respondents typically providing dressing practice for six to 10 patients per week and spending 30 to 45 minutes per treatment session. Only 17 respondents (24.3%) stated that they regularly used standardised assessments of dressing ability. The functional approach was used more widely than the remedial approach. Service priorities, working environment and limitations of time and staffing were reported to influence dressing practice. Conclusion There is widespread variability in dressing practice. There is a lack of use of standardised dressing assessments, and therapists’ rationale for their choice of approach is unclear.
Selection for Rate of Growth and Its Influence On Competitive Ability of Larvae of Drosophila Melanogaster

1. Competition for food was studied in order to obtain an insight in the basic process and to explore its possible actions in an experimental population. 2. Early and late pupating larvae of a white Bar strain (O) were selected. These provided the basis of the E and L strains. 3. The eggs of E females were slightly larger than those of O females, while those of L females were smallest (Fig. 2). 4. There was no indication of a clear difference in the rate of embryonic development. 5. The growth rate of the three white Bar strains differed considerably (Figs. 3, 4 and 5). All have a slower growth rate than the test strain used (Bar) (Fig. 6). 6. A maternal effect on growth rate could be demonstrated (Fig. 7). 7. Moulting takes place in all strains at approximately the same weights (Fig. 9). 8. Cannibalism may occur and distort the picture of the experiments on food requirement (minimum weight). 9. The minimum weight necessary for survival is approximately the same in all strains (Fig. 9). 10. The efficiency with which the ingested food is converted into biomass is very similar in all strains, though slightly smaller in the L strain (Table VII). 11. There are no indications for a difference between the strains as regards weight loss during the starvation period after exhaustion of the food supply. 12. Growth rate is affected by the total amount of food provided. A small supply of food decreases growth rates of O and L larvae more than those of Bar and E larvae. 13. Taking the characteristics of the strains studied into account, predictions were made regarding their competitive abilities. These were tested in three experiments. 14. In the first two experiments competition for 60 and 120 mg food within and between strains was studied. The predictions came largely true. 15. By giving the three white Bar strains in the third experiment different starts (or in some cases, handicaps), the outcome of competition could be altered. The results were, again, largely predictable. 16. Knowledge of the characteristics of growth and development of the separate strains is sufficient for the prediction of the results of competition for food among larvae of Drosophila melanogaster. 17. The relevance of these results to the evidence for so-called facilitation is discussed.
A prospective study on clinico-epidemiological profile and outcome in management of poisonous snake bite

Background: Snake bite is a major health problem in Nepal. According to WHO, annual morbidity due to snake bite is 162 out of 100,000 people in Nepal. Aim of the study is to observe epidemiology, clinical features, and analysis of possible relationship between time delay in administration of anti-snake venom (ASV) and mortality. Methods: This prospective observational study analyses the data of 81 patients admitted to the Lumbini zonal hospital, Butwal, Rupandehi, Nepal with history of snake bite between April to September, 2017. Results: In this study 56% patients were female. Patients of age group (15-30) years were maximum (38.27%). The study showed that 50.61% of snake bites were occurred outside home. Most of patients (84%) were from the Terai region. Average no. of vials used per case was (28±10) vials. Most of victims of snake bite were from rural areas. In most of cases we found that prothrombin time was prolonged. It was found that most of patients 57% reach hospital before 4 hours of snake bite. The mean days of hospital stay was 6±2.86. Most of case of snake bite was unknown (62%). The mortality rate in this study was 6.17%. Conclusions: There is a great need to improve in existing health care conditions for effective management of snake bite; it requires training of the personnel engaged in the emergency health care management, development of national guidelines based on the clinical trials, improving the distribution and easy availability of antivenom.
SNP in DFR1 Coding Sequence Is Tightly Associated with Anthocyanin Accumulation in Cabbage (B. oleracea var. capitata f. alba) at Low Temperature

Keeping green leaf color at the time of harvest is one of the important traits for breeding of Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba, and this trait is related to low anthocyanin contents. To understand the differential accumulation of anthocyanins in cabbage, we selected high anthocyanin accumulators (HAAs) and low anthocyanin accumulator (LAAs) of cabbages and examined the anthocyanin content and the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes. Among many genes investigated, BoDFR1 was found to be closely related to anthocyanin accumulation, even under low temperature (LT) conditions. BoDFR1 sequence analyses between HAAs and LAAs revealed that there is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (1118T/A) in the coding sequence, which substitutes one amino acid from Leu261 to His261; we named BoDFR1 with His261 substitution as BoDFR1v. This amino acid substitution did not affect dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) activity and substrate specificity, but the polymorphism showed tight association to the BoDFR1 expression, i.e., high level expression of BoDFR1 and low level expression of BoDFR1v under LT conditions. The high levels of BoDFR1 expression were due to the high levels of BoMYB114 and BobHLH expressions combined with low level expression of BoMYBL2, a repressor MYB. On the other hand, low levels of BoDFR1v expression seemed to be related to very low level expressions of BoMYB114 and BobHLH combined with a high level expression of BoMYBL2. It seems that different expression levels of these regulatory genes for MBW (MYB-bHLH-WD40) complex between HAAs and LAAs regulate BoDFR expression and anthocyanin accumulation. Using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) between BoDFR1 and BoDFR1v, molecular markers for PCR and high resolution melt analyses were developed and validated to distinguish between HAAs and LAAs. Combined use of the BoDFR1 SNP marker with other stress markers, such as a cold tolerant marker, will greatly improve cabbage breeding.
Assessment of Some Biological Activities of Eucalyptus blakelyi Maiden Using the Essential Oil, Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts

Abstract Several species of Eucalyptus are used in folk medicine as an antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and against respiratory infections, such as colds, sinus congestion and influenza. These species have shown potential antioxidant properties in addition to antimicrobial activities. In the present paper, we were interested in Eucalyptus blakelyi Maiden, a species belonging to the Myrtaceae family. Our study can be considered as the first detailed report on the chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of different extracts. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the biological activities of essential oils, methanolic and aqueous extracts of this plant. The present work was realized on leaves collected from National Institute for Forest Research (INRF) of Baïnem (Algiers, Algeria), and the results showed that essential oil’s yield obtained by hydrodistillation was 2.13 %. Actually, 15 compounds were identified by GC-MS profile, and the major compound was 1.8-cineole with 62.74 %. Indeed, the antiradical activity using the DPPH method has shown that methanolic and aqueous extracts had an interesting antioxidant ability with an IC50 of 0.33 and 0.39 mg/ ml respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil, methanolic and aqueous extracts on eleven microbial strains was evaluated using the aromatogram method. Thus, the methanolic extract proved to be the most active compared to the aqueous extract and the essential oil by inducing a maximum inhibition zones of 19.66 mm for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213 and 25.66 mm for Candida albicans. The results suggest potential applications of essential oil in food and extracts in pharmaceutical industry.
Taxodium wallissii Sp. Nov.: First Occurrence of Taxodium from the Upper Cretaceous

Exceptionally well-preserved silicified remains of a new species of Taxodium have been recovered from the Late Cretaceous (ca. 70 million years old) sediments of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation near Drumheller, Alberta, Canada. Specimens include three-dimensionally preserved branches bearing dimorphic leaves, pollen cones, pollen, seed cones, and seeds. The abundance and quality of preservation of these remains have allowed for detailed examination of morphological and anatomical features for comparison with extant representatives of the Taxodiaceae. The vegetative axes bear taxodioid leaves and rare cupressoid leaves; staminate and pistilate axes are subtended entirely by cupressoid leaves. The seed cones are erect, short-stalked, and globose, arranged alternately on branches, and bear up to fifteen helically arranged, deciduous bract-scale complexes. Each cone scale bears two more or less triangular seeds. Vasculature and arrangement of the resin canals of the cone scales are much more complex than that of any of the extant species examined. The pollen cones are typical of extant Taxodium; the pollen grains are structurally comparable, but small when compared with extant representatives of the genus. Comparison of these fossils with extant representatives of the Taxodiaceae indicate that they are most similar to Taxodium, but are comparable to Glyptostrobus and Cryptomeria in some features. The Horseshoe Canyon Taxodium is the first unequivocal report of Cretaceous Taxodium from North America and provides insight into the early evolution of the genus and phylogenetic relationships among other representatives of the family.
The first record of Syncarida in Montana, USA: a new genus and species of Parabathynellidae (Crustacea, Bathynellacea) in North America

Montanabathynella salish gen. nov. sp. nov., of the family Parabathynellidae, from Montana, USA, is described. The new species displays several exclusive characters: distal endite of the maxillule with nine claws and a very large and distinctive male thoracopod 8 with four lobes in the basal penial region and a long recurved exopod without setation. It also presents a unique combination of characters: antennule seven‐segmented; antenna six‐segmented; labrum with 18 teeth; exopod of thoracopods three‐ to six‐segmented, endopod with one dorsal seta on the first and second segments and epipod only present on thoracopods 4 to 7; pleopods absent; endopod of thoracopod 8 male with two setae and exopod without setae; female thoracopod 8 having two segments, first segment with two groups of denticles and the second one with three long barbed setae; 15 spines on sympod, four spines and spinous process on endopod and 12 setae on exopod of uropod.
An Experimental Study On the Timing of Breeding and Migration in the Three-Spined Stickleback

III. The influence of temperature on development of the gonads between December and May . 119 g i. The rate of development at different temperatures . 119 2. The influence of low and high temperatures on maturation at various times between December and May. 121 i 3. Gonadal developmen t and nestbuilding at tempera tures lower than 90 C. 123 a. Gonadal development . 123 b. Nestbuilding . 124 4. Discussion . 126
Exploring public engagement with missing person appeals on Twitter

ABSTRACT Police agencies globally are seeing an increase in reports of people going missing. These people are often vulnerable, and their safe and early return is a key factor in preventing them from coming to serious harm. One approach to quickly find missing people is to disseminate appeals for information using social media. Yet despite the popularity of twitter-based missing person appeals, presently little is known about how to best construct these messages to ensure they are shared widely. This paper aims to build an evidence-base for understanding how police accounts tweet appeals for information about missing persons, and how the public engage with these tweets by sharing them. We analyse 1008 Tweets made by Greater Manchester Police between the period of 2011 and 2018 in order to investigate what features of the tweet, the twitter account, and the missing person are associated with levels of retweeting. We find that tweets with different choice of image, wording, sentiment, and hashtags vary in how much they are retweeted. Tweets that use custody images have lower retweets than Tweets with regular photos, while tweets asking the question ‘have you seen … ? ’ and asking explicitly to be retweeted have more engagement in the form of retweets. These results highlight the need for conscientious, evidence-based crafting of missing appeals, and pave the way for further research into the causal mechanisms behind what affects engagement, to develop guidance for police forces worldwide.
Studies in Cold Resistance of Insects.

The way in which insects respond to high temperature is more or less known. For instance, we know that higher temperatures increase the rate of develoI)nlent of insects and favor the formation of pigments, so that " southem" varieties of butterflies, with l)righter colors, can be artificially produced. It is known also that high temperatures cause dial)auses in some insects; for examl)le, estimation may l)e ol)served in the caterpillars of L oxostege sticicalis in the steppes of the Lower Volga region. Excessively high temperatures kill insects thus, cocoons of the frit-fly are killed l)y a tellm)erature of 350 C.