Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sweet and fatty symbionts: photosynthetic productivity and carbon storage boosted in microalgae within a host

Symbiosis between a host and intracellular eukaryotic microalgae is a widespread life strategy in aquatic ecosystems. This partnership is considered to be mainly energized by the photosynthetically-derived carbon energy of microalgal symbionts. A major question is whether microalgae increase their photosynthetic production and decrease carbon storage in order to maximize carbon translocation to their host. By combining three-dimensional subcellular imaging and physiological analyses, we show that the photosynthetic machinery (chloroplast and CO2-fixing pyrenoid) of the symbiotic microalga Micractinium conductrix significantly expands inside their host (the ciliate Paramecium bursaria) compared to the free-living state. This is accompanied by a 13-fold higher quantity of Rubisco enzymes and 16-fold higher carbon fixation rate. Time-resolved subcellular imaging revealed that photosynthetically-derived carbon is first allocated to starch during the day, with five times higher production in symbiosis despite low growth. Nearly half of the carbon stored in starch is consumed overnight and some accumulates in lipid droplets, which are 20-fold more voluminous in symbiotic microalgae. We also show that carbon is transferred to the host and hypothesize that much of this is respired by the high density of surrounding host mitochondria. We provide evidence that the boosted photosynthetic production of symbiotic microalgae could be explained by the energetic demands of the host. Overall, this study provides an unprecedented view of the subcellular remodeling and dynamics of carbon metabolism of microalgae inside a host, highlighting the potentially key role of the source-sink relationship in aquatic photosymbiosis. Significance statement Symbiotic interactions between a heterotrophic host and intracellular microalgae are widespread in aquatic ecosystems and are considered to be energized by the photosynthetically-derived carbon energy. However, little is known on the impact of symbiosis on the algal bioenergetics (e.g. carbon production and storage). This study reveals the morphological and physiological changes of a microalga inside a host at the subcellular scale over the day. We show that the photosynthetic machinery expands and carbon fixation and storage are boosted in symbiotic microalgae beyond their growth needs. This high photosynthetic production is very likely enhanced by the host energetic demands. Our findings advance our basic understanding of photosymbiosis and open new perspectives on the mechanisms and drivers of metabolic exchange between partners.
Integrating probabilistic logic and multimodal spatial concepts for efficient robotic object search in home environments

Our study introduces a novel approach that combined probabilistic logic and multimodal spatial concepts to enable a robot to efficiently acquire place–object relationships in a new home environment with few learning iterations. By leveraging probabilistic logic, which employs predicate logic with probability values, we represent common-sense knowledge of the place–object relationships. The integration of logical inference and cross-modal inference to calculate conditional probabilities across different modalities enables the robot to infer object locations even when their likely locations are undefined. To evaluate the effectiveness of our method, we conducted simulation experiments and compared the results with three baselines: multimodal spatial concepts only, common-sense knowledge only, and common-sense knowledge and multimodal spatial concepts combined. By comparing the number of room visits required by the robot to locate 24 objects, we demonstrated the improved performance of our approach. For search tasks including objects whose locations were undefined, the findings demonstrate that our method reduced the learning cost by a factor of 1.6 compared to the baseline methods. Additionally, we conducted a qualitative analysis in a real-world environment to examine the impact of integrating the two inferences and identified the scenarios that influence changes in the task success rate.
Tobacco industry manipulation of research.

(1) Funding and support: grants from the American Cancer Society (RPG9714301PBP) and the University of California Tobacco‐ Related Disease Research Program (6RT0025 and 9RT0193) supported this work. Authors would like to thank colleagues who have collaborated on the studies cited in this paper: Katherine Bryan-Jones, Stanton Glantz, Miki Hong, Christina Mangurian, Theresa Montini, and Marieka Schotland. Daniel Cook, Susan Dalton, Joshua Dunsby, Michael Givel, Anh Le, Peggy Lopippero, David Rosner and Theo Tsoukalis for useful input to this manuscript. (2) For example, two contrasting yet complementary histories of cancer in general and smoking in particular are Davies (2007) and Keating (2009). This chapter differs in some ways from the others in Volume 2 of Late lessons from early warnings. The history of 'second hand', 'passive' or 'environmental tobacco smoke' (ETS), to which non-smokers are exposed overlaps with the history of active smoking. Those affected include the partners and children of smokers, and the bartenders and other workers who have to work in smoky environments.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Some Biological Properties of O-phosphoryl Derivatives of (E)-resveratrol

3-O-, 3,5-di-O- and 4′-O-phosphoryl derivatives of (E)-resveratrol have been obtained following a chemoenzymatic strategy. Variedly acylated resveratrol derivatives have been obtained first by exploiting regioselective properties of Pseudomonas cepacea or Candida antarctica lipases in organic solvents. Each acyl-resveratrol was then phosphorylated by the phosphoramidite chemistry protocol and in sequence freed of protective groups, affording the desired O-phosphoryl derivative. Following UV-absorption spectroscopic investigation on the interaction of the newly synthesized compounds with DNA, 4′-O-phosphorylresveratrol exhibited the best binding affinity. As a result of cytotoxicity tests, 3-O-phosphorylresveratrol was more active than resveratrol against DU 145 prostate cancer cells.
Management of Cattle Parasitism and Use of Anthelmintics in Mixed Farming Systems in the Vina Division, Cameroon -

In order to assess cattle parasitism management and use of anthelmintics, a questionnaire was administered to randomly selected farmers and veterinarians. Analysis of faecal samples and haemoparasites, and entomological survey were performed. Worm infestations, ectoparasites, infectious diseases and trypanosomosis were major diseases. Helminths control included mainly de-worming using levamisole, ivermectin and albendazole. Faecal egg counts (FEC) showed strongyle-type eggs (75%), Strongyloides papillosus (5%), Trichuris ovis (2%), Toxocara vitullorum (3%). Oocytes, especially Eimeria spp (10%) were present. 2.8% of 107 cattle investigated were positive for Trypanosoma congolense, with lowest Packed Cells Volume, suggesting that farmers may treat animals against trypanosomes without the help of a veterinarian. Ticks included Amblyomma variegatum (29.6%), Hyalomma spp (37.0%), Boophilus spp (29.6 %) and Rhippicephalus spp (3.7%). They were males (40.7%), females (38.9%) and nymphs (20.4%). Since many factors were important predictors of FEC and others such as education of farmers, nutrition, grazing system and control through anthelmintics accounted, these factors should be included in the drawing up of a control program against parasitic diseases.
Trace Elements of Multi‐stage Minerals and Titanite U‐Pb Dating for the Gneisses from Liansan Island, Sulu UHPM Belt

Gneisses with anatectic characteristics from the Liansan island in the Sulu UHPM (ultra‐high pressure metamorphic) belt were studied for petrography, titanite U‐Pb dating and mineral geochemistry. Three origins of garnets are distinguished: metamorphic garnet, peritectic garnet and anatectic garnet, which are formed in the stages of peak metamorphism, retrograde anatexis and melt crystallization, respectively. The euhedral titanite has a high content of REE and high Th/U ratios, which is interpreted as indicating that it was newly‐formed from an anatectic melt. The LA‐ICP‐MS titanite U‐Pb dating yields 214–217 Ma ages for the titanite (melt) crystallization. The distribution of trace elements varies in response to the different host minerals at different stages. At the peak metamorphic stage, Y and HREE are mainly hosted by garnet, Ba and Rb by phengite, Sr, Nb, Ta, Pb, Th, U and LREE by allanite and Y, U and HREE by zircon. During partial melting, Y, Pb, Th, U and REE are released into the melt, which causes a dramatic decline of these element contents in the retrograde minerals. Finally, titanite absorbs most of the Nb, U, LREE and HREE from the melt. Therefore, the different stages of metamorphism have different mineral assemblages, which host different trace elements.
Evolution of a typical ion‐scale magnetic flux rope caused by thermal pressure enhancement

With high time‐resolution field and plasma measurements by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft, interior fine structures of two ion‐scale magnetic flux ropes (~5 and ~11 ion inertial length radius) separated by ~14 s are resolved. These two ion‐scale flux ropes (FR1 and FR2) show non‐frozen‐in ion behavior and consist of a strong axial magnetic field at the reversal of the negative‐then‐positive bipolar field component. The negative bipolar field component of the FR2 is found to be depressed, where magnetic pressure and total pressure decrease, but ion and electron thermal pressures increase, a feature akin to a crater‐like flux rope. The pressure enhancement is due to the magnetosheath plasma feeding into the flux rope along the field lines. Magnetic field draping and energetic electrons are also observed in the trailing part of the FR2. The ratio of perpendicular and parallel currents indicates that the FR1 appears force‐free but the FR2 seems not. Moreover, the FR2 is time‐dependent as a result of a low correlation coefficient (CC = 0.75) for the derivation of the deHoffmann‐Teller frame using the direct measured electric fields, while the FR1 is in quasi‐steady conditions (CC = 0.94). It is concluded that the crater formation within the FR2 can be interpreted by the analytical flux rope simulation as the evolution of typical flux rope to crater‐like one due to the thermal pressure enhancement, which could be induced by the depression of transverse magnetic fields of the flux rope.
Cooperation Between Actors For Tourism Development: The Apreciation Of Heritage And Cultural Resources In Rural Territories

Framed by the theoretical context concerning cooperation between tourism agents, the present paper aims to contribute for better understanding South Alentejo tourism agents’ perceptions on the areas in which they can cooperate for promoting development and competitiveness in the region. Furthermore, the paper also looks at the tourist agents’ perception on role that the dynamics of cultural resources play in promotion of development and competitiveness in the region. This paper reports results from a case study conducted in the frame of the thesis developed as requirement to get the PhD in Tourism. Data was gathered by a questionnaire developed for the study from a sample of tourism agents working in the public, private business and associative (non lucrative) sectors. The study results has indicated that valuation of the existing culture, integrated development of tourism resources and products and organization of promotional activities are the areas considered more relevant for the tourism agents to cooperate among them. In particular, leaders of different sectors agree with the need to cooperate focusing on the valorisation of local and regional cultural resources. This is important because the South Alentejo region has excellent cultural resources that, if strategically used, can provide a major differentiating factor.
Development, calibration and validation of weighing lysimeters for measurement of evapotranspiration of crops

ABSTRACT The evapotranspiration process is critical to studies on the water balance and water demand of crops and can be determined by several methods. A widely-used method, despite its high installation costs, is weighing lysimeters, which consists of a box over a balance connected to a load cell that monitors variations in the soil-water-plant-atmosphere system. The aim of this study was to develop and calibrate six weighing lysimeters (with dimensions of 1.5 x 1.5 x 1.2 m each) by high precision load cells, testing their ability to measure water mass changes in field conditions and cultivated with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), in the city of Tangará da Serra, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. All lysimeters showed coefficients of determination higher than 0.99, as well as Willmott indexes, correlation and high confidence indexes, indicating that the equipment is suitable for measuring mass variations in water balance and evapotranspiration studies, representing the reality which occurred in the field.
Reduction in the east-west contrast in water budget over the Tibetan Plateau under a future climate

As the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is an important Asian water resource, future changes in precipitation over the TP are an essential part of climate change assessments for the TP and surrounding regions. Here we investigate the water budget over the TP with a global 20-km grid atmospheric general circulation model. Future simulations are performed using CMIP5 multi–model ensemble mean sea surface temperature changes at the end of the 21st century under the RCP8.5 scenario. In the present climate, an east–west contrast in the water budget is noted: over the eastern TP, both moisture flux convergence and local evaporation contribute to summertime precipitation with comparable magnitude; on the other hand, over the western TP, contribution from local evaporation dominates. Under the future climate, precipitation increases over the TP. Contribution from increasing evaporation dominates that from increasing moisture flux convergence into the TP. A prominent east–west contrast is also found in future surface water budget changes. Over the western TP, surface temperature increases are higher, an increasing rate of precipitation is greater, soil moisture becomes wetter, and runoff increases more than over the eastern TP. This suggests that the east–west contrast in surface climate over the TP could become smaller in the future.
A new approach to quantifying stratigraphical resolution: application to global stratotypes

Horizon annealing (HA) provides a method to order all horizons in a chronostratigraphic data set, including marker beds and isotopic excursions, as well as horizons that lack exact local markers (such as taxon first appearances) and are, thus, constrained only by local stratigraphical order. Global stratotype section and point (GSSP) levels placed within an HA composite succession can be precisely correlated with levels in all other sections in the composite that span the same interval. We present two approaches to the quantitative assessment of the uncertainty or error in the placement of horizons within the composite section: a permutation method (jackknife analysis) and a sensitivity analysis (the relaxed fit curve). From jackknife analysis, we calculate a standard deviation (sigma) of the variation in horizon placements and estimate the 95% confidence interval of the variation in horizon placement within the composite. We also directly assess the relative stability of event positions using the results of the jackknife. These approaches provide an objective method for assessing the relative strengths of GSSP candidates, in which we prefer those sections and horizons that are the most precisely controlled in the HA composite. Integration of biostratigraphical, chemostratigraphical and lithostratigraphical marker horizons into the HA process markedly improves levels of constraint within the composite compared to biostratigraphical data alone. In a temporally scaled composite, the 95% confidence intervals on horizon placements could be used to estimate temporal resolution. In our study, we estimate that the average temporal resolution is approximately 319 kyr, which approaches the range of that needed to test hypotheses of orbitally driven cyclicity.
Arrhythmogenic Sites Mapping in Post-Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia Using a Siamese Neural Network

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a life-threatening arrhythmia commonly treated by catheter ablation guided by substrate mapping. This procedure relies on the cardiologist's visual inspection of intracardiac electrograms (EGMs) to identify arrhythmogenic sites. This task is challenging due to the huge amount of data to interpret. To address this issue, we proposed a method for discriminating between physiological and anomalous bipolar EGMs based on siamese neural networks (SNN), able to deal with small datasets, for the automatic labeling of the EGMs onto the electroanatomic map. On a balanced dataset of 1504 physiological and anomalous EGMs, from nine post-ischemic VT patients, we demonstrated that a SNN trained to distinguish between the two types of EGMs is able to achieve a high degree of specificity $(91\pm 3\%)$ and sensitivity $(93\pm 3\%)$. Potentially, the proposed approach could also be exploited to map the similarity of the EGMs, resulting in a novel electroanatomic map for the identification of areas of abnormal conduction.
Functional Brain Subnetwork Analysis in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

In studies aimed at diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), researchers typically construct whole-brain functional connectivity networks. We investigate whether localized regional networks, rather than the entire brain network, can have a positive impact on the classification of MCI and AD. We utilized T1-weighted data and resting-state fMRI data from 26 AD subjects and 26 age-matched individuals diagnosed with MCI. Employing the Human Connectome Project cortical parcellation, the brain cortex was divided into 360 brain regions. A whole-brain region-wise correlation matrix was established using correlation coefficients. By employing an improved maximal global cost efficiency method, the correlation matrix was binarized to create a 360-node undirected graph representing the functional brain network. Simultaneously, employing a higher-level brain network partitioning, the entire brain was divided into 12 groups, establishing 12 subnetworks. Among these, the Default, Cingulo-Opercular, Language, and Frontoparietal subnetworks demonstrated enhanced discriminative potential for distinguishing AD from MCI compared to the entire brain network. Furthermore, the Frontoparietal subnetwork of the AD group exhibited stronger connectivity than that of the MCI group, outperforming other networks. Our study findings suggest that complex network metrics of functional subnetworks could serve as imaging-based biomarkers for distinguishing AD and MCI.
A Geochemical and Hydrologic Comparision and Assessment of Acid Mine Drainage in Glaciated and Unglaciated Eastern Ohio

Two coal mine drainage sites in eastern Ohio were characterized. The mine near Leetonia, OH is covered by glacial till with carbonate minerals that impart alkalinity to the shallow groundwater. Water is brought to the mine via subsidence fractures that cause a quick increase in discharge from the mine in response to runoff events on the surface once the mine pool has filled. A dilution effect on dissolved ions due to new recharge water is minor compared to changes in discharge and indicates that the majority of the water entering the mine has a sufficiently long time to reach chemical equilibrium. The alkaline water buffers the acidity produced by pyrite oxidation keeping the pH inside the mine circumneutral. Maintaining a circumneutral pH reduces ferric iron solubility and prevents further pyrite oxidation, essentially shutting down this positive feedback mechanism that would drive the pH down and contaminant concentrations up. Therefore without glacial deposits above the mine the drainage could be more harmful to the environment. The other mine located near Hammondsville, OH within the unglaciated region has no flowing discharge at the surface as the result of a sealing of the mine entry. Without new mine discharge, the water chemistry was controlled by variation in seasonal climate with dissolution of minerals during the wet season and precipitation of minerals during the dry season.
Assessment of Casuarina equisetifolia Forst., Provenance Trial (inland) Taken up in Andhra Pradesh

The International Provenance trial of Casuarina equisetifolia was established in 1996, with 27 provenances in Regional Forest Research Centre, Rajahmundry, East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh. The Australian Tree Seed Centre of CSIRO, Canberra, Australia coordinated in collection of seed throughout the natural range as well as from land race populations of Casuarina. The Analyses of Variance of data indicated significant difference among provenances for height, GGL, GBH and straightness a p=0.05level of significance, while axis persistence has showed no significant difference. Genetic analyses showed heritability estimates for the characters axis persistence and straightness (below 15%) while moderate estimates of heritability for height, GGL and GBH (between 40.60%). It is suggested that selections could be made from superior trees of individual provenances in order to have broad base for genetic improvement of Casllarina equisetifolia in Andhra Pradesh.
Role of Heterogeneous Ionic Profiles in Atrial Fibrillation Propagation. A Population of Models Study

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by irregular and discontinuous propagation in the atrial muscle. Experimental data show heterogeneity regarding ionic profiles throughout different regions of the atrium. In this study, the effect of the interaction of tissue with different ionic profiles is evaluated in terms of wave propagation. An experimentally calibrated population of AF profiles was generated. Ionic profiles fitting physiological biomarkers on 1Hz pacing protocols and capable of self-sustaining reentrant activity were evaluated. A bilayer rectangular mesh was simulated including the basal model and one of the population models $(N=144)$. A functional reentry was started on the basal region and the wave propagation to the altered region was classified as Continuous Propagation (CP) or Wave Break (WB). Results showed 65 CP and 64 WB patterns. Regarding ionic variations, lower $I_{K}1,\ I_{Na}$ and higher $I_{Kur}$ were associated with WB. Considering biomarkers at 1 Hz, higher Resting Membrane Potentials, longer AP Duration and larger AP Amplitude are associated with WB. Differences in ionic profiles and AP biomarkers along the tissue result in irregular wavefront propagations. Characterization of ionic profiles can help to better reproduce those conditions observed in clinical and experimental practice.