Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of a curcumin–silver(I) complex

The current study reports the synthesis of a curcumin–silver(I) complex and its preliminary tests against four bacterial strains viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus cereus using agar well diffusion method. The results were compared with curcumin by testing it in parallel with the sample. Curcumin showed zones of inhibition against all tested strains of bacteria. Among all bacterial strains, S. aureus was the most sensitive to curcumin with zone of inhibition of 12.2 mm. However, the curcumin–Ag(I) complex did not show the expected enhanced activity against all bacteria. This is perhaps due to the replacement of curcumin phenolic protons by silver ions which might have suppressed the antibacterial property of curcumin. The current research findings suggest that while synthesizing curcumin–metal complexes, the phenolic heads may either be left unaltered or need to be replaced by better substituents than hydroxy groups. Based on the current findings, biologically enhanced models have been provided as future recommendations.
THE HISTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF HORMONALLY CONTROLLED, INTRACELLULAR GLYCOGEN IN THE ENDOMETRIUM OF THE RAT

The fluctuations of the glycogemi comitent of the endometriumii have beemi descrihed in the primate by Hisaw (4) and Lemidrum amid Hisaw (6) where it ‘as shown to be under the influence of ovarian hormones. By mneamis of chemical methods, vami Dyke amid (1hemi (1 1 ) found that the glycogemi content of the myomnet.rium of the intact miiomikey is approximately forty to fifty per cemit greater t.hami that of the emidomnetriumn but that, durimig the memistrual cycle, the fluctuatiomis in the amiiount of mnuscle glycogen are less pronounced thami itt the endomnetrium. Relatively few studies have been attempted comicem’nimig the distribution of a metabolically imupom’tant material, such as glycogemi imi the uterus of animals below the primate. Ho amid Atkinsomi (2) describe the distribution of uterine glycogen imi the intact rat durimig proestrus and mnid-diestrus amid imi castrates treated with hormones. These workers foumid that glycogen deposition takes place iii the muscularis omily, no trace of glycogemi appearing imi the endometriumii. Imi proestrus amiimals amid estrogen treated castrates, glycogemi was abundant imi the longitudimial muscles l)ut irregularly distributed in the circular layer. At diestrus, the glycogen coiitemit of the longitudinal muscles became greatly reduced while that of the circular muscles disappeared entirely; in both stages of the cycle studied, mio trace of glycogen appeared in the endometriuni. From these observations, Bo and Atkinson comicluded that glycogen distributiomi, in the case of the rat, may not be under physiologic control of the ovarian hormones. Later, using very high doses of estradiol proprionate, 130 and Atkimison (3) report findbig glycogemi granules in 1)0th the miiuscularis and uterine epithelium of castrate rats. rrhese results in gemieral seem to support the work of Boettiger (1) who studied the glycogemi fluctuations in whole utem’i with quamititative methods during the same two stages of the rat estm’us cycle; at proestrus the amoumit is muaximid, while it is minimal at diestrus. Walaas (13) has reported low, comistamit levels of glycogen imi the endometriumn of the rat, while the muyometrium exhibits the fluctuations reported by Boettigem’ for aliquot. samples of whole uteri. Van Dyke
The function of surface fires in the dynamics and structure of a formerly grazed old subalpine forest

1 Changes in the frequency and intensity of disturbances are expected to occur during the coming decades as a consequence of climatic changes. Mountain forests are sensitive to climate variability, disturbances and changes in human activities; this is particularly true for subalpine forests located close to the limits of tree‐growth. Here we test the role of surface fires on the structure and the dynamics of a subalpine forest compared to a control stand not affected by fire events for at least two centuries. 2 The fire events are deduced from fire scars, the age‐structure from tree‐ring counting, regeneration from sapling and seedling counts, necromass from the volume of woody debris, and the understorey structure from shrub and herb cover, height and biomass. Land‐use history is assessed from livestock and human inventories. 3 Four surface fires occurred during the last 200 years in the burned stand. Tree density is greater in the burned stand, and, even 50 years after the last fire, burning could still be having a positive effect on regeneration density. Land‐use history, mainly grazing by cattle and sheep, explains the modern forest structure through its promotion of Larix decidua. The understorey composition is the same within the two stands, suggesting a rapid recovery of dwarf shrubs (Rhododendron ferrugineum and Vaccinium myrtillus) after the latest fire, which coincided with the final change in land‐use. The exception is V. vitis‐idaea cover, which is higher in the control stand. The removal of livestock in the 1940s indirectly triggered a decline in L. decidua regeneration, which was formerly promoted by grazing and trampling. Conversely, Pinus cembra seedlings have begun to establish during the last 70 years. 4 Synthesis. Expansion of forests dominated by P. cembra is expected during the 21st century, unless current global warming leads to a significant and lethal increase in fire frequency, that is, a reduction of fire‐return intervals, which would reduce the number of sexually mature trees. The re‐introduction of grazing could maintain the mixed subalpine forests, whereas surface fires would alter the woody debris load, promoting greater regeneration of L. decidua and P. cembra.
Leaf Epicuticular Wax and Cuticle Ultrastructure of Four Eucalyptus Species and Their Hybrids

Leaf epicuticular wax and cuticle ultrastructure were assessed in four eucalypt species Eucalyptus platypus, Eucalyptus spathulata, Eucalyptus yalatensis and Eucalyptus viridis, and in their interspecific hybrid progeny. In parent species, epicuticular wax appeared as digitate‐edged platelets. Leaves of E. yalatensis showed parallel‐stacked platelets and abundant surface wax cover, while other species showed random or parallel‐oriented platelets forming a less dense cover. Distinct cuticular papillae were evident on E. yalatensis leaves but not in the other species. Leaf surfaces of E. platypus and E. spathulata were indistinguishable. Epistomatal cavities were present in all species and were lined with digitate‐edged platelets, except for those in E. viridis leaves, which contained amorphous wax. Subsurface cuticular channels connecting epistomatal cavities were detected in some species. The wax and cuticle morphology of E. \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $$spathulata\times E. $$ \end{document} yalatensis and E. \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $$spathulata\times E. $$ \end{document} viridis hybrids indicated maternal, paternal, intermediate, and transgressive modes of inheritance. Hybrids from reciprocal crosses between E. spathulata and E. platypus were similar and indistinguishable from the parents.
Análise Bayesiana no estudo do tempo de retorno das precipitações pluviais máximas em Jaboticabal (SP)

Dados historicos de precipitacao maxima sao utilizados para realizar previsoes de chuvas extremas, cujo conhecimento e de grande importância na elaboracao de projetos agricolas e de engenharia hidraulica. A distribuicao generalizada de valores extremos (GEV) tem sido aplicada com frequencia nesses tipos de estudos, porem, algumas dificuldades na obtencao de estimativas confiaveis sobre alguma medida dos dados tem ocorrido devido ao fato de que, na maioria das situacoes, tem-se uma quantidade escassa de dados. Uma alternativa para obter melhorias na qualidade das estimativas seria utilizar informacoes dos especialistas de determinada area em estudo. Sendo assim, objetiva-se neste trabalho analisar a aplicacao da Inferencia Bayesiana com uma distribuicao a priori baseada em quantis extremos, que facilite a incorporacao dos conhecimentos fornecidos por especialistas, para obter as estimativas de precipitacao maxima para os tempos de retorno de 10 e 20 anos e seus respectivos limites superiores de 95%, para o periodo anual e para os meses da estacao chuvosa em Jaboticabal (SP). A tecnica Monte Carlo, via Cadeias de Markov (MCMC), foi empregada para inferencia a posteriori de cada parâmetro. A metodologia Bayesiana apresentou resultados mais acurados e precisos, tanto na estimacao dos parâmetros da distribuicao GEV, como na obtencao dos valores de precipitacao maxima provavel para a regiao de Jaboticabal, apresentando-se como uma boa alternativa na incorporacao de conhecimentos a priori no estudo de dados extremos.
Effects of habitat disturbance and food supply on population densities of three primate species in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya

While habitat disturbance and food availability are major factors thought to determine the abundance of primates, evidence for their importance is uneven. We assessed the effects of these factors on three monkey species, guerezas (Colobus guereza), blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis) and redtails (Cercopithecus ascanius), in four areas of the Kakamega Forest, Kenya. Group densities of guerezas and blue monkeys were higher in areas where disturbance levels were also higher. Food availability measured as basal area density of food trees did not correlate significantly with the group densities of any of the three monkeys. The diversity of food trees, another potential measure of food abundance did, however, correlate with group densities of guerezas and blue monkeys suggesting that food availability may positively influence monkey density, and may sometimes increase with disturbance. Group densities of redtails did not correlate with any habitat variable examined, suggesting that factors other than those we considered may have influenced the abundance of this species particularly. Resume Alors qu’on pense que ce sont les perturbations de l’habitat et la disponibilite de la nourriture qui determinent l’abondance des primates, les preuves de cette importance sont mitigees. Nous avons etudie les effets de ces facteurs sur trois especes de singes, le colobe guereza (Colobus guereza), le cercopitheque a diademe (Cercopithecus mitis) et le cercopitheque ascagne (Cercopithecus ascanius), dans quatre zones de la foret de Kakamega, au Kenya. La densite des troupes de guerezas et de cercopitheques a diademe etait plus forte dans les zones ou le niveau de perturbation etait plus eleve. La disponibilite de la nourriture, mesuree par la densite d’arbres alimentaires par unite de surface, ne montrait pas de correlation positive avec la densite des troupes d’aucune des trois especes de singes. La diversite des arbres alimentaires, autre mesure potentielle de l’abondance de nourriture, montrait une correlation avec les troupes de guerezas et de mitis, suggerant que la disponibilite de la nourriture pourrait influencer positivement la densite des singes, et qu’elle peut parfois augmenter avec les perturbations. La densite des troupes d’ascanius ne montrait de correlation avec aucune des variables de l’habitat etudiee, ce qui suggere que d’autres facteurs que ceux que nous avons etudies pourraient avoir influence particulierement l’abondance de cette espece.
Survival of Slender-billed Gull chicks during the crèching period

Capsule Crèches formed early in the season lasted longer than those formed later, but a longer crèching period did not appear to confer higher chick survival. Aims To investigate the ecological factors influencing the benefit to parents of crèching behaviour by measuring chick survival. Methods Mark–recapture was used to model apparent daily survival of 505 chicks during the crèching period in three different crèches. We contrasted models with different tipping points to assess possible differences across crèches in chick survival during the first week and in the moment at which chick departures began. Results We did not find a clear difference across crèches on daily chick survival during the first stages of the crèche. By modelling chick apparent survival as a linear function of time we showed that the latest formed crèche dispersed more rapidly. Conclusions The two crèches formed early in the season lasted longer than the one formed later but chicks did not appear to have a higher survival over the first week of crèching. We suggest that a longer period at the crèche should result in a higher survival in the period soon after fledging because chicks leave the crèche 4–7 days older than other chicks. Furthermore, early crèches are synchronous with those of other species breeding in the same area, thus perhaps diluting predation. We discuss the limitations of our analysis and the possible implications for the community of waterbirds breeding at our study site.
The Need for a New Approach to Grazing Management - Is Cell Grazing the Answer?

With any grazing method, the grazing pressure applied to an individual plant is a site, stock density and time dependent variable and the diet selection hierarchy of grazing animals is to the disadvantage of the most palatable and actively growing pasture components. The greater the differences in palatability and abundance among the components of a sward, and the lower the stock density, the greater the variation in the grazing pressure exerted. These effects are heightened when animals are set-stocked under adverse environmental conditions. This paper reports the comparative effects of cell grazing and continuous grazing on pasture composition on three properties on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. The basal diameters, relative frequency and contribution to dry weight of the most desirablelpalatable species at each site were found to remain constant or to increase under cell grazing, while declining significantly under continuous stocking. The converse was true for the least palatable components of the pasture, which declined significantly under cell grazing but changed little under continuous grazing. Percentage ground cover was significantly higher after two years of cell grazing than under continuous grazing. These changes in pasture composition may have long-term benefits with respect to erosion control, nutrient cycling, hydrological function and the stability of animal production at the cell grazed sites.
Hematological values of Cebus apella anesthetized with ketamine

Amostras de sangue foram colhidas de 124 macacos-prego (Cebus apella) da Fundacao Parque Zoologico de Sao Paulo, anestesiados com quetamina (10 mg/kg, IM), com a finalidade de determinar os seguintes parâmetros hematologicos: contagens globais de hemacias e leucocitos, contagem diferencial de leucocitos, hematocrito, hemoglobina e indices hematimetricos (VCM, HCM e CHCM), expressos em media e desvio padrao. Estudou-se a influencia do sexo e da idade sobre os referidos parâmetros.
Increased level of cytokinin ribosides in jasmonic acid-treated potato (Solanum tuberosum) stem node cultures

Cytokinin free bases, ribosides and 9-glucosides were measured in stem node cultures of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Ulster Sceptre) in the presence or absence of 1 μM jasmonic acid (JA) to examine whether or not their changed levels were part of the JA-induced growth response. The enhanced growth response in JA-treated plantlets included: expanded root systems, extended leaf areas, increased number of nodes, and enlarged stem diameters. The protein analysis revealed a substantial decrease in a 62-kDa polypeptide. On a dry weight basis, the levels of ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBP carboxylase, EC 4.1.1.39) and chlorophylls a and b were constant. The total concentration of endogenous cytokinins remained virtually the same in control and treated plantlets; but in JA-treated plantlets the amount of cytokinin free bases and cytokinin 9-glucosides decreased. In addition, the level of cytokinin ribosides was elevated. The ratio between active and inactive cytokinins increased from 1.2 to 2.1, which correlates with the enhanced growth of potato plantlets grown on 1 μM JA. Thus the observed growth and developmental changes may be a consequence of the measured altered cytokinin level. However, significant morphological alterations of the potato plantlets treated with JA may also be a result of the changed critical cytokinin concentration or critical ratios of cytokinins to auxins and JA, rather than their absolute concentrations.
Responses of Benthic Fishes and Giant Salamanders to Placement of Large Woody Debris in Small Pacific Northwest Streams

Abstract The placement of large woody debris (LWD) to improve or restore habitat for fishes is a common practice in North American streams, and the responses of salmonids to this practice have frequently been examined. In contrast, little information exists on the effects of LWD placement on nonsalmonid fishes and amphibians. In this study, I examined the responses of giant salamanders Dicamptodon spp. , juvenile lampreyss Entosphenus tridentatus and Lampetra spp. , reticulate sculpins Cottus perplexus, and torrent sculpins C. rhotheus to artificially placed LWD by sampling 29 small streams with paired treatment and reference reaches. Densities and mean lengths of giant salamanders, reticulate sculpins, torrent sculpins, and lampreyss did not differ significantly between treatment and references reaches. I also examined whether the observed responses were correlated with differences in physical habitat between reference and treatment reaches. Lampreys densities (log10(treatment) − log10(reference)) and leng.
Inhibition of pseudomonads in cottage cheese by packaging in atmospheres containing carbon dioxide

Abstract Packaging of creamed-style cottage cheese, pH 4·9, in an atmosphere of 40% (v/v) CO 2 inhibited the growth at 5 or 15°C of pseudomonads inoculated into the cheese. Increases of up to 3 weeks in the time taken to reach a count of 10 6 colony-forming units of Pseudomonas g -1 of cottage cheese were observed under some conditions. Addition of CO 2 throughout the cheese before packaging was necessary to inhibit pseudomonads both at the surface and in the depth of the cheese. The principal effect of CO 2 on the growth of the pseudomonads was a substantial increase in the lag times, but growth rates also decreased. Inhibition was greatest when low levels of pseudomonads were present initially. Inhibition by CO 2 was greater at 5°C than at 15°C and greater at the surface than in the depth of the cheese. The flavor and pH of the cheese were not affected by the CO 2 . Growth of Listeria monocytogenes inoculated into cottage cheese was not observed in containers packaged in air or 40% CO 2 .
On the Flight and Host Selection of the Douglas-fir Beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

The flight of bark beetles covers a short but important period of their life cycle, during which they are exposed to conditions not encountered during the major portion of their life under the bark. The time of flight and the factors which affect it are important, not only to the dispersal and survival of the insect, but also in the interpretation of experimental data dependent upon the beetle's flight activity. Chapman (1954), Rudinsky and Vité (1956), and Atkins (1959, 1960, 1961) studied the flight of the Douglas-fir beetle under laboratory conditions, but there is scant reference to field studies on the flight of this insect. Chapman and Kinghorn (1958) recorded the number caught in window flight traps near Cowichan Lake, B.C., and unpublished reports describe emergence records obtained from cage studies conducted near Lumby, B.C.
Transformation of Fall‐Banded Urea: Application Date, Landscape Position, and Fertilizer Additive Effects

A 2-yr study was initiated in the fall of 2000 to generate fundamental information on the effects of application date, landscape position, and a combined urease and nitrification inhibitor (NBPT [N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide] and DCD [dicyandiamide], respectively) on the rate of transformation of fall-banded urea fertilizer into NH 4 + and eventually NO 3 - under conditions typical for Manitoba, Canada. Landscape position did not have a large effect on the conversion of banded urea to NO 3 - under the moisture conditions present during the autumn period at the sites. Delaying application of fall-banded urea fertilizer into the late fall and the presence of NBPT and DCD slowed nitrification and increased the recovery of fertilizer N as NH 4 + (%RFN as NH 4 + ) in the soil before it froze. Date of application, the soil temperature on the date of application, and the accumulation of SHU (soil heat units) and NHU (nitrification heat units) were all linearly related to the %RFN as NH 4 + . Accumulated SHU and NHU were most strongly correlated with the %RFN as NH 4 + at the end of the fall, with and without inhibitors. The interactions between time, temperature, and nitrification demonstrate that producers in the Northern Great Plains region must consider the overall length of time that fall-applied N fertilizer will be exposed to the soil before the soil freezes, even after the soil temperature has reached a given level and even if the fertilizer is banded.
Resistance to broomrape (Orobanche crenata) in faba bean (Vicia faba): cell wall changes associated with prehaustorial defensive mechanisms

Broomrapes (Orobanche spp.) are parasitic angiosperms, which attach to the roots of the hosts to take water and nutrients from them. No complete control measures are available to date, but breeding for resistance remains as one of the most feasible and environmentally friendly methods. However, the mechanisms governing the interaction between these parasites and the host are not yet well understood. We studied the cellular changes associated with the resistance to Orobanche crenata in faba bean as mechanisms involved or responsible for resistance. Two cultivars of faba bean, resistant and susceptible to 0. crenata infection, were used. The evolution of the infection and the changes in the cell and tissue organisation and wall components of the host cells were followed and evaluated in both genotypes. Samples of compatible and incompatible interactions were fixed and sectioned, and specific cytochemical methods for different cell components were applied, results being analysed under light and epifluorescence microscopy. A higher proportion of O. crenata seedlings unable to penetrate the root was found on the resistant genotype. Reinforcement of cell walls by callose deposition hampers parasite penetration through the cortex. Lignification of endodermal cells prevents further penetration of the parasite into the central cylinder.