Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Resisted Post-Activation Sprint Performance Enhancement in Elite Female Sprinters

Considering the effectiveness of resisted sprint training, and the acute enhancement of sprinting performance through locomotor post-activation performance enhancement, the main objective of the research was to determine the acute effects of resisted activation with loads of 5, 10, and 15% body mass on sprint and flying start sprint performance in elite female sprinters using resisted drag technology system. Ten elite female sprinters (age: 23.2 ± 5.4 years, body mass: 54.2 ± 6.1 kg, height: 167.4 ± 7.3 cm, personal best for 100 m: 12.05 ± 0.56 s, and for 400 m: 53.17 ± 2.76 s) performed two unresisted 20-m sprints (from a crouched and flying start) before and after a single resisted sprint loaded with 5, 10, or 15% body mass to verify the effectiveness of the activation stimulus. Compared with pre-activation, Friedman tests showed that peak velocity increased by 1.6 ± 2.2% [effect size (ES) = 0.66], 2.3 ± 1.5% (ES = 1.33), and 0.2 ± 1% (ES = 0.09), as well as peak force by 2.8 ± 2.1% (ES = 0.49), 3.5 ± 2.3% (ES = 1), and 0.5 ± 2.4% (ES = 0.14), concomitant with a significant decreased in sprint time by −0.5 ± 1.2% (ES = −0.07), −2.5 ± 1.3% (ES = −0.64), and −1 ± 1.4% (ES = −0.36) for the 5, 10, and 15% body mass post-activation, respectively (p < 0.001; for all). Furthermore, the ANOVA showed that peak power increased by 2.9 ± 2.3% (ES = 0.61), 3.8 ± 2.2% (ES = 1.05), and 2 ± 7.1% (ES = 0.22) for the 5, 10, and 15% body mass resisted-conditioning activity, respectively, with no difference between the three conditions (p = 0.003 main effect time, no interaction). Moreover, compared with the 5 and 15% body mass trials [−1.5 ± 2% (ES = −0.44), −0.8 ± 0.8% (ES = −0.44), respectively], the ANOVA showed that flying start sprint time significantly decreased by −4.3 ± 1.1% (ES = −1.25) (p < 0.001, interaction effect) after a 10% body mass resisted-conditioning activity. The results of this study indicated that resisted sprints acutely enhance sprint performance; however, their effectiveness depends on the applied load. A single resisted sprint using 10% body mass is effective at inducing a potentiating effect on subsequent 20-m flying start sprint performance in elite female sprinters. Therefore, keeping in mind the optimal load, it is recommended to perform resisted sprints as a conditioning activation when seeking to acutely enhance 20-m flying start sprint performance in these athletes.
Selective Adsorption of Co(II) Ions by Whisker Surface Ion‐Imprinted Polymer: Equilibrium and Kinetics Modeling

Based on sodium trititanate whisker as support particles, the surface ion-imprinted polymer (S-IIP) was synthesized for the selective adsorption of Co(II) ions from aqueous solution. Characterization of S-IIP was achieved by FTIR spectra and SEM micrographs. Kinetic properties were successfully investigated by the pseudo-first-order model and pseudo-second-order model, and a chemisorption process as the essential adsorption step was also proposed. Equilibrium data were fitted with the Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Freundlich isotherm equations, and the maximum adsorption amount of monolayer saturation for S-IIP was 33.75 mg/g at 298 K. Moreover, dimensionless separation factor RL (RL<1.0) indicated a highly favourable adsorption system between Co(II) ions and S-IIP. Selectivity experiments showed that selective adsorption of Co(II) ions for S-IIP was significantly higher than that of non-imprinted polymer (NIP).
Effect of Preparation Conditions on the Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solution by Mesoporous Silica Materials Prepared Using Organic Template (HDTMAB)

This paper describes the simple hydrothermal preparation of self-adsorbing mesoporous materials using hexadecyltrimethyl ammoniumbromide (HDTMAB) as the template without any functionalization. The template was readily removed upon calcination, as confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis. The effects of preparation methods were explored under various experimental conditions. We found that the temperature, time, calcination conditions, and pH all affected the distribution of pore sizes and the surface area, whereas higher pH (strong base) did not favor the preparation of a porous medium because of OH inhibition. We obtained a relatively high surface area (1568.72 m2·g−1) and large pore size (3.07 nm) under the optimal reaction conditions. A study of the Langmuir adsorption of metal ions (e.g., Pb2+, Cu2+, Ni2+) revealed that it was a physical phenomenon with the maximum adsorption occurring for the sample prepared under the optimized experimental conditions, with Pb2+ (6.61 mg·g−1.
Synthesis and assignment of absolute configuration of enantiomeric dicyclohexylammonium 2‐oxo‐2‐thioxo‐1,3,2‐oxathiaphospholanes

The title compound 2 has been synthesized and its structure has been determined by X-ray analysis. The following crystal data were found: monoclinic, P21, a = 9.936(4), b = 18.009(3), c = 10.418(3) A, and β = 107.22(3)°. Two molecules of the compound (two oxathiaphospholane anions and two dicyclohexylammonium cations) are present in the independent part of the unit cell. The absolute configuration at the phosphorus atom is established as Rp. The ionic character of 2 is discussed. In the crystal lattice of 2, a hydrogen-bonding system occurs.
Equilibrium Conditions of Clathrate Hydrates Formed from Propane and Aqueous Solutions of Propanone and Sodium Chloride

Equilibrium conditions of clathrate hydrates formed from propane and aqueous solutions of propanone and sodium chloride were experimentally measured at a temperature range of (264.7 to 276.9) K and pressures up to 0.514 MPa using an isochoric method. The equilibrium temperatures of the clathrate hydrates decrease as the propanone concentrations increase, indicating that propanone has an inhibiting effect on propane hydrate formation.
A COMPARISON OF TWO DUSTINESS EVALUATION METHODS

Two test systems for evaluating dustiness, the Stauber-Heubach (S-H) device and the laboratory dust disperser (LDD), were compared by using two different materials at airflow rates of 4, 10, 25, 50, and 75 L/min. With both devices, the dustiness index for each material increased with airflow rate. Flow rate is an important variable for dustiness tests and should be carefully controlled. Dustiness rankings for the two test materials were related to the test system used. Particle size measurements were also made to enable calculation of an inhalable dustiness index (dust levels associated with particles ≤ 15 µm). The inhalable dustiness index correlated well with the dustiness index for the LDD but not for the S-H. Caution should be used in the interpretation of laboratory dustiness tests; no one instrument or flow rate can absolutely predict dust generation in commercial settings. Dust testing systems provide a relative dust evaluation that may translate qualitatively but not quantitatively to other dust-g.
Sensory Characteristics of Diverse Rice Cultivars as Influenced by Genetic and Environmental Factors

ABSTRACT An understanding of how genetic, preharvest, and postharvest factors affect the sensory characteristics of rice will help producers and processors meet the needs of specific customers and foster the development of a diversified rice market. In this study, differences in the texture and flavor of 17 diverse cultivars related to genetic differences were characterized and the stability of their flavor and texture from one crop year to the next was determined. Sensory attributes of cooked rice were measured by panelists using descriptive sensory analysis methodology. Cooked texture of the cultivars varied widely and correlated well with amylose content with correlation coefficient (r) values in the range 0.76–0.97 for 11 of the 14 attributes. Flavor attribute intensities were low and similar among cultivars, with the exception of grain flavor. Grain flavor ranged in intensity from 2.2 to 4.9 and correlated highly and negatively with amylose content (-0.88). Roughness and hardness were the only textur.
A comparative study of determined and calculated values of ionic strength of different nutrient solutions consisting of an ionic pair

Abstract The values of determined and calculated ionic strength and ion activity coefficient of simple solutions were studied in solutions consisting of monovalent, divalent, and trivalent salts. The nominal salt concentrations ranged from 100 to 1,000 μM. The pH of the solutions was adjusted to 4.0. The increase of salt concentrations resulted in an increase of electrical conductivity and the ionic strength values, and a good correlation was noticed between these parameters. The determined values of ion activity coefficients were very close to the calculated ones. The best relationship between the availability and/or toxicity of an element and plant physiological response has been verified when the ion activity was considered. The importance of the use of thermodynamic concepts in mineral nutrition is that avoid making incorrect interpretations of the results.
Evidence that pair breaking at the grain boundaries of Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox tapes determines the critical current density above 10 K in high magnetic fields

The critical current density of an aligned Ag doped Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox tape has been measured from 10 K up to Tc (105 K) in magnetic fields up to 15 T. Measurements of the critical current density (Jc,(B, T)) have been completed for three different configurations of magnetic field, transport current, and superconducting tape: (i) J perpendicular to c axis, J perpendicular to B, and B perpendicular to c axis; (ii) J perpendicular to c axis, J perpendicular to B, and B//c axis; (iii) J perpendicular to c axis, J//B, and B perpendicular to c axis. In all three configurations at high magnetic fields up to 15 T, we find the critical current density can be described by Jc(B, T)= alpha ( phi , T) exp(- mu 0H/ beta ( phi , T)) where ( beta phi , T) is of a separable variable form beta ( phi , T)= beta /sup /(T)/f( phi ) where beta /sup /(T) is a function of temperature alone and f( phi ) is a constant dependent only on the orientation of B, J, and the c axis. A similar but not identical exponential magnetic field dependence has been found in Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox, Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox and YBa2Cu3Ox, thin films. We discuss the evidence that the exponential magnetic field dependence suggests that a pair breaking mechanism operates at barriers in these materials. We conclude that the grain boundaries determine Jc(B, T) in the Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox textured tape.
DETERMINANTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF LISTED OIL AND GAS FIRMS IN NIGERIA

There is ongoing debate on the determinants of capital structure, however, most of the research work on this topic is carried out in developed economies that have similar institutions, while little research work has been done to determine the reasons for capital structure decisions in developing countries that have different institutional structures (Booth, Alvazian, Demirguc-kunt and Maksimovic, 2001). (Bhaduri, 2002) offers several reasons for this. Firstly, he suggests that little importance has been placed on the role of firms in economic development by development economics. Secondly, constraints were placed on the corporate sector in developing countries in the 1980s regarding sources of funds. Lastly, access to equity markets has been limited as a result of underdeveloped stock markets in developing countries.
Contribution of entanglements to the mechanical properties of carbon black-filled polymer networks

A rigorous molecular statistical model of filled polymer network with quenched structural disorder coming from the conventional chemical crow-link between polymers end from an ensemble of rigid and highly dispersed multifunctional filler domains is presented. Specific surface end structure of the filler and its effect of «hydrodynamic» disturbance of intrinsic strain distribution are explicitly taken into account.The conformational constraints (entanglements, packing effects) of polymer chains in the mobile rubber phase ere described by a mean-field-like tube model
Chitosan N‐benzyl sulfonate derivatives as sorbents for removal of metal ions in an acidic medium

We synthesized chitosan-based sorbents for the uptake of metal cations in acidic solutions. Chitosan was reacted with 2-formylbenzene sodium sulfonate and 4-formyl-1,3-benzene sodium disulfonate in the presence of NaCNBH3 to yield N-benzyl mono- and disulfonate derivatives of chitosan. IR and NMR spectra confirmed the presence of benzyl sulfonate groups. The degrees of substitution of the monosulfonate chitosan derivatives were in the range of 80%, while those of disulfonate derivatives were about 50%. These sulfonate derivatives of chitosan were tested on the sorption of heavy metals Cd2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, and Cr3+. The sorption capacities for disulfonate compounds were better than for monosulfonate compounds. This phenomenon was attributed to the amphoteric character of the monosulfonate derivatives. To improve the capacity of adsorption of monosulfonate compounds, the amino groups of these compounds were protected by the benzyloxycarbonyl groups. The protection of amino groups of disulfonate derivatives by benzyloxycarbonyl also improved their sorption capacity. The resulting protected polymers were tested for sorption of heavy metals. Both protected polymers were more efficient than are the parent nonprotected polymers. The synthesized sulfonate derivatives of chitosan are especially adapted to the sorption of heavy metals from the acidic industrial effluents. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The composition of Manila elemi oil

Manila elemi oil, hydrodistilled from Manila elemi gum was analysed by GC and GC–MS. Thirty-nine compounds constituting together 99.2% of the oil were identified, limonene being the most abundant (56%). The occurrence of α-phellandrene-Δ5,6-dimer and its implication is discussed.
Kinetic insight into electrochemically mediated ATRP gained through modeling

A detailed kinetic model was constructed using the method of moments to elucidate the electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (eATRP). Combined with electrochemical theory, the reducing rate coefficient relevant to the overpotential in eATRP was coupled into the kinetic model. The rate coefficients for eATRP equilibrium and the reducing rate coefficient were fitted to match the experimental data. The effects of catalyst loading, overpotential, and application of programmable electrolysis on the eATRP behavior were investigated based on the tested kinetic model. Results showed that the apparent polymerization rate exhibited a square root dependence on catalyst loading. In addition, a more negative potential accelerated the polymerization rate before the mass transport limitation was reached. This phenomenon indicated that the polymerization rate could be artificially controlled by the designed program (i.e., stepwise and intermittent electrolysis programs). What is more, the normal ATRP, photo-ATRP, and eATRP were compared to obtain a deeper understanding of these ATRP systems. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 4347–4357, 2015
Hydrolysis and condensation of silanes in aqueous solutions

Aminosilanes hydrolyze rapidly in aqueous acidic solutions and exhibit good stability; however 1H NMR measurements indicate that γ-MPS (γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane) hydrolyzes slowly and condenses rapidly under similar conditions. The rate constant of these two reactions depends upon the pH of the solution, and the rate constant of the condensation reaction also depends upon the initial γ-MPS concentration. The hydrolysis is faster and the condensation slower at low pH's. These factors explain why an induction period is observed before the adsorption of γ-MPS onto mica takes place and why it does not occur if the induction period is too long. Using the Lentz technique, it is also shown that the main species resulting from the condensation of a concentrated γ-MPS solution is a cyclic trimer or tetramer, in agreement with literature results.
Cyclic Steam Reactivation of Spent Limestone

Steam reactivation experiments were conducted in a specially designed dual-environment fixed-bed reactor to determine the reactivation effect of multiple cycles of sulfation and steam hydration at conditions simulating those experienced by sorbent particles in circulating fluidized-bed combustors (CFBCs) with steam reactivation in the return loop. Three spent sorbents from industrial CFBCs utilizing three different limestones for emission control were tested. Only two showed improved sulfur capture capacity after steam reactivation at 250 °C for a total of 180 min distributed over 1-18 cycles. These two spent sorbents responded very differently to cyclic sulfation and hydration; one showed significantly higher reactivation after the second cycle than after the first, whereas the other showed better performance after the first cycle. The increase in the reactivation effect after the second cycle in the one case is likely due to calcination of calcium carbonate formed in the outer reaches of the calcium core during storage of the sorbent. The cyclic experiments showed that, for the conditions investigated, one long-term hydration can be more effective than hydration over multiple short-term hydration cycles of the same overall duration.
Evolution of the surface morphology of rubrene under ambient conditions

Evolution of the surface morphology and local conductivity on cleaved surfaces of rubrene single crystals is characterized with atomic force microscopy. The cleaved surface was found to exhibit molecular reorganization that results in the formation of nanoscale beads aligned along molecular step edges and fingers, narrow molecular structures, one molecule high, and in excess of 1 μm long. The beads show insulating behavior and a band bending effect on the surface nearby. Their formation has a strong environmental dependence, which has implications for the operation of rubrene field-effect transistors in the ambient environment.
Preparation of water-soluble chitosan derivatives and their antibacterial activity

Carboxymethyl chitosan sodium (CMCTS) was synthesized by chitosan and chloroacetic acid under an alkali catalyst. Acrylic acid sodium salt and methylacrylic acid sodium salt were grafted onto CMCTS to obtain copolymers with good water solubility. The graft reaction was carried out at 70°C for 2 h, and ammonium persulfate was used as an initiator. The structure changes of chitosan and its derivatives were investigated by the FTIR. The antibacterial activity of chitosan derivatives against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were explored by the viable cell counting method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1357–1361, 2002
Growth of single crystal silicon nanowires in supercritical solution from tethered gold particles on a silicon substrate

Molecularly tethered gold (Au) nanocrystals with average diameter of 7 nm were used to grow single-crystal silicon (Si) nanowires on a substrate through a supercritical fluid−liquid−solid (sc-FLS) mechanism. Si wires were obtained by degrading diphenylsilane (DPS) in cyclohexane heated and pressurized well above its critical point (Tc = 281 °C; Pc = 4.1 MPa) and the Si/Au eutectic temperature (363 °C). Under these conditions, silicon dissolves in the gold nanocrystals and subsequently crystallizes in the form of wires. The nanowire diameter reflects the gold nanocrystal diameter, ranging from 5 to 30 nm, with lengths of several micrometers. Both batch and flow reactors were used. The flow reactor minimized the undesirable deposition of Si particulates formed in the bulk solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of Si nanowires grown at a series of temperatures, reactor residence times, and Si precursor concentrations reveal that the wire growth kinetics influence nanowire morphology significantl.
Resonance Raman investigations of cytochrome P450(cam) complexed with putidaredoxin

We have performed resonance Raman and optical absorption studies on ferric cytochrome P450cam complexed with oxidized putidaredoxin. Optical absorption and resonance Raman measurements demonstrate that this complexation shifts the spin-state equilibrium of P450cam to the low-spin form. In the resonance Raman spectra, the ν3 heme skeletal mode characteristic of low-spin P450cam intensifies upon complexation with putidaredoxin. Its frequency is indistinguishable to that of the usual low-spin species, indicating that this low-spin form originates from a water-bound, hexacoordinate heme. This observation suggests that putidaredoxin binding affects the distal side of P450cam and allows water entry into the heme pocket. We also examined the effects of putidaredoxin binding on the heme axial ligand (Fe−S) stretching mode. The binding of putidaredoxin upshifts the mode by ∼3 cm-1. Investigations of the Fe−S mode for the Thr252 → Ala distal pocket mutant and P450cam bound to various camphor analogues demonstrate t.
Relative gain array for units in plants with recycle

La presence de boucles de recyclage dans un procede peut avoir un effet significatif sur la matrice de gain d'une unite et donc sur le dispositif de gain relatif (D.G.R.). Demonstration en traitant l'exemple d'une installation simple avec recyclage. Le DGR pour les unites isolees n'est pas fiable pour donner une mesure correcte des interactions en regime permanent dans le schema de fabrication
Sample matrix and critical interference effects on the recovery and accuracy of concentration measurements of arsenic in ambient particulate samples using ICP-MS

An investigation of isobaric and molecular interferences in the measurement of arsenic in complex environmental matrices is presented. Practical solutions to ensure the validity and accuracy of such routine analytical measurements are proposed. It is shown that the positive bias on arsenic recovery data may be due to persistent interferences that may not be completely eliminated by the use of arithmetic corrections or reaction cell strategies but can be removed by careful optimisation of the nebuliser gas flow.
Assessment of co‐blending water treatment residual with dairy manure to reduce phosphorus concentrations in run‐off in Northern Ireland

Losses of phosphorus (P) to water that follow manure applications can be high while water treatment residuals (WTR) have an appreciable capacity to sorb soluble P which is an important risk factor in determining the susceptibility of manure P to run‐off losses. The objective of this study was to assess whether co‐blending WTR with dairy cow manure prior to surface application would reduce P concentrations in run‐off from grassland. An alum‐derived WTR was collected from a water treatment works (WTW), dried and characterized for its phosphorus sorption capacity (PSC) based on oxalate‐extractable Al and Fe. Multipoint P sorption isotherms were used to calculate the Langmuir P sorption maximum (Pmax) and equilibrium P concentration (EPC0). The WTR contained 170 g Alox/kg and 2.2 g Feox/kg with a nominal long‐term PSC of 118 g/kg. Following a 6 day incubation of WTR, the Langmuir Pmax was 82.6 g/kg and the EPC0 of 0.13 mg P/L. Laboratory incubations of manure co‐blended with WTR indicated that 144 g WTR/kg dry matter (DM) manure significantly lowered (P < 0.001) manure WSP by 71.5 ± 16.6% after 108 h, but lower WTR mixing rates of 72 and 36 g WTR/kg had no statistical effect on manure WSP. Results from a field experiment using simulated rain on 0.5‐m2 grassland plots showed no significant effect on run‐off P 2 days after applying 50 m3/ha of 6% DM manure co‐blended WTR at rates of 150 and 250 g WTR/kg.