Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect Of Financial Technology On Cash Holding In Indonesia Using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)

The rapid proliferation of financial technology (Fintech) has revolutionized the landscape of financial services globally, presenting digital alternatives to conventional banking and payment methods. Indonesia has emerged as a noteworthy adopter of Fintech, driven by the widespread usage of smartphones and government initiatives to foster financial inclusion. Nonetheless, the empirical research concerning the association between Fintech adoption and cash-holding behaviour in Indonesia remains limited. This study explores Fintech's influence on individuals' cash holding patterns in the country, considering direct indicators such as debit cards, credit cards, electronic money, mobile banking, and internet banking. A time-series analysis covering the period from M5 2013 to M3 2023, based on secondary data from the Bank Indonesia Statistic Database, is employed to achieve this research objective. The analytical framework utilizes the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach, accounting for the explanatory variables' concurrent and lagged effects. The empirical findings reveal a significant positive relationship between debit cards, mobile banking, and internet banking usage in short-term cash-holding behaviour. In contrast, credit card usage exhibits a negative and statistically significant association with long-term cash holding. These results contribute to a comprehensive understanding of how Fintech adoption shapes cash-holding behaviour in Indonesia and provide valuable insights into the country's transition toward a cashless society.
A Zero Current Ripple Bidirectional DC–DC Converter With High Voltage Gain and Common Ground for Hybrid Energy Storage System EVs

In this article, a novel nonisolated bidirectional dc–dc converter (BDC) consisting of a quadratic voltage cell, a switched-capacitor (SC) cell, and a zero current ripple cell has been proposed for hybrid energy storage system (HESS) in electric vehicles (EVs). The converter presented combines the advantages of high voltage gain, wide voltage gain range, low voltage stress across power switches, zero current ripple, and common ground between both sides. Besides, synchronous rectification technology is applied to achieve higher efficiency of the converter. The comprehensive analysis of the operation principle, the characteristics analysis, and the efficiency analysis of the converter in a continuous conduction mode (CCM) are presented in detail. This article also develops a 1-kW scaled-down prototype, which validates the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed BDC. The maximum efficiency of the converter under full load is 95.09% in the step-up mode and 95.24% in the step-down mode.
Normative Data for Macular Thickness and Volume for Optical Coherence Tomography in a Diabetic Population without Maculopathies

Purpose: The purpose was to establish normative data for the macular thicknesses and volume using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in a diabetic population without maculopathies for use as a reference in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema screening programs. Methods: This was an observational study nested in a cohort of diabetics from a telemedicine DR screening program. Each patient underwent SD-OCT centered on the fovea. Macular thickness and volume were described and compared using the built-in normative database of the device. Quantile regression models for the 97.5% percentile were fitted to evaluate the predictors of macular thickness and volume. Results: A total of 3410 eyes (mean age, 62.25 (SD, 0.22) years) were included. Mean (SD) central subfield thickness (CST) was 238.2 (23.7) µm, while center thickness (CT), average thickness (AT), and macular volume (MV) were 205.4 (31.6) µm, 263.9 (14.3) µm, and 7.46 (0.40) mm3, respectively. Para- and perifoveal thicknesses were clinically and statistically significantly thinner in our population than in the normative reference database. The 97.5% percentile of the thickness of all sectors was increased in males and in the para- and perifovea among those with DR. Conclusions: All ETDRS sectors were thinner in patients with diabetes than in the reference population, except for the CST, which was the most stable parameter that only changed with sex. The upper cutoff limit to detect diabetic macular edema (DME) was different from that of the reference population and was influenced by conditions related to diabetes, such as DR. Therefore, specific normative data for diabetic patients should be used for the screening and diagnosis of DME using SD-OCT.
When it Hurts the Most: Timing of Parental Job Loss and a Child's Education

IZA DP No. 16367 AUGUST 2023 When It Hurts the Most: Timing of Parental Job Loss and a Child’s Education* We investigate the stages of childhood at which parental job loss is most consequential for their child’s education. Using Danish administrative data linking parents experiencing plant closures to their children, we compare end-of-school outcomes to matched peers and to closures hitting after school completion age. Parental job loss disproportionally reduces test taking, scores, and high school enrolment among children exposed during infancy (age 0-1). Effects are largest for low-income families and low-achieving children. The causal chain from job loss to education likely works through reduced family income. Maternal time investment partially offsets the effect of reduced income. JEL Classification: J13, D10, I24
Development of Technique for Rapid Extraction of Seeds from Cones of Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Under Controlled Conditions

The conventional practice of extracting seeds from cones of P. roxburghii consists in drying of cones in the sun. This process takes about three weeks. A new technique has been developed which achieves seed extraction in four days. The new techniques involves soaking of cones in water for 10 minutes followed by drying at 60 ° C for 11:50 hours and then shaking for few seconds every day. The technique did not show any adverse effect on seed germination. Further studies are in progress to adapt this technique so as to eliminate the need of kilns for practical application in forest nurseries.
The moderating and mediating effects of personality on the association between morningness and well-being

Background Morningness (morning-eveningness preference or chronotypes) and personality can be both associated with well-being, but few studies have directly compared these two constructs as correlates of well-being. Thus, the first purpose of this study was to test the effects of interactions between stable personality traits (temperaments) and morningness on well-being. Furthermore, personality factors are often composed of both stable biological factors (temperament) and socio-cultural factors (character), and little is known about personality interplay of temperament and character factors with respect to morningness and well-being. The second purpose of this study was therefore to examine the sequential mediating effects of temperament and character factors on the relationship between morningness and well-being. Methods The Composite Scale of Morningness, the Korean version of the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised Short Version (TCI-RS), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale were used to measure morningness, personality dimensions, and well-being, respectively, in 287 Korean university students. Moderating and sequentially mediating effects of temperament and character traits were determined using Hayes’ PROCESS macro in SPSS after controlling for sex and age. Results First, novelty-seeking (NS) and persistence (PS) temperaments have demonstrated the moderating effect in the association between morningness and well-being. The positive effects of morningness on life satisfaction increased with lower NS and PS, respectively. However, other temperaments such as harm avoidance (HA) and reward dependence (RD) have not shown the moderation in the relationship between morningness on well-being. Second, HA temperament and self-directedness (SD) character sequentially mediated the relationship between morningness and well-being. The combination of low scores of HA and high scores of SD have shown the positive effect on the relationship between morningness and well-being. Discussion This study demonstrated that both the interactions between temperaments and morningness, and combination of specific TCI-RS temperament and character traits play important roles in influencing the association between morningness and well-being. The significance of the mature SD character and its implications for well-being are discussed with limitation of the present study.
Clinicoradiologic Characteristics of Intradural Extramedullary Conventional Spinal Ependymoma

Purpose Distinguishing intradural extramedullary (IDEM) spinal ependymoma from myxopapillary ependymoma is challenging due to the location of IDEM spinal ependymoma. This study aimed to investigate the utility of clinical and MR imaging features for differentiating between IDEM spinal and myxopapillary ependymomas. Materials and Methods We compared tumor size, longitudinal/axial location, enhancement degree/pattern, tumor margin, signal intensity (SI) of the tumor on T2-weighted images and T1-weighted image (T1WI), increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) SI caudal to the tumor on T1WI, and CSF dissemination of pathologically confirmed 12 IDEM spinal and 10 myxopapillary ependymomas. Furthermore, classification and regression tree (CART) was performed to identify the clinical and MR features for differentiating between IDEM spinal and myxopapillary ependymomas. Results Patients with IDEM spinal ependymomas were older than those with myxopapillary ependymomas (48 years vs. 29.5 years, p < 0.05). A high SI of the tumor on T1W1 was more frequently observed in IDEM spinal ependymomas than in myxopapillary ependymomas (p = 0.02). Conversely, myxopapillary ependymomas show CSF dissemination. Increased CSF SI caudal to the tumor on T1WI was observed more frequently in myxopapillary ependymomas than in IDEM spinal ependymomas (p < 0.05). Dissemination to the CSF space and increased CSF SI caudal to the tumor on T1WI were the most important variables in CART analysis. Conclusion Clinical and radiological variables may help differentiate between IDEM spinal and myxopapillary ependymomas.
Wearable Wireless Dual-Channel EEG System for Emotion Recognition Based on Machine Learning

Emotion recognition is critical for promoting mental health, as too much negative emotions may cause mental illness, especially in the era of COVID-19. EEG is the dominating modality to study brain dynamics. However, most of the current EEG devices were designed for as much applications as possible with unnecessary electrodes for emotion recognition applications. In this article, a wearable and wireless EEG device with only two channels were specifically designed for emotion recognition. The device is minimized and could be embedded in a headband. Novel preprocessing algorithm to remove ocular artifacts, features selection, and optimization, comparison between the four machine learning methods were studied to demonstrate a high classification accuracy of emotion valence on 20 subjects. As our wearable EEG system achieved high accuracy with only two channels, it would broaden the application perspective of emotion recognition, and could be applied in outdoor environments or other scenarios.
Current Advances in the Biomedical Applications of Quantum Dots: Promises and Challenges

Quantum dots (QDs) are a type of nanoparticle with exceptional photobleaching-resistant fluorescence. They are highly sought after for their potential use in various optical-based biomedical applications. However, there are still concerns regarding the use of quantum dots. As such, much effort has been invested into understanding the mechanisms behind the behaviors of QDs, so as to develop safer and more biocompatible quantum dots. In this mini-review, we provide an update on the recent advancements regarding the use of QDs in various biomedical applications. In addition, we also discuss# the current challenges and limitations in the use of QDs and propose a few areas of interest for future research.
Novel glutamatergic drugs for the treatment of mood disorders

: Mood disorders are common and debilitating, resulting in a significant public health burden. Current treatments are only partly effective and patients who have failed to respond to trials of existing antidepressant agents (eg, those who suffer from treatment-resistant depression [TRD]) require innovative therapeutics with novel mechanisms of action. Although neuroscience research has elucidated important aspects of the basic mechanisms of antidepressant action, most antidepressant drugs target monoaminergic mechanisms identified decades ago. Glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and glutamatergic dysfunction has been implicated in mood disorders. These data provide a rationale for the pursuit of glutamatergic agents as novel therapeutic agents. Here, we review preclinical and clinical investigations of glutamatergic agents in mood disorders with a focus on depression. We begin with discussion of evidence for the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine, followed by studies of the antidepressant efficacy of the currently marketed drugs riluzole and lamotrigine. Promising novel agents currently in development, including N -methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor modulators, 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl) propanoic acid (AMPA) receptor modulators, and drugs with activity at the metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are then reviewed. Taken together, both preclinical and clinical evidence exists to support the pursuit of small molecule modulators of the glutamate system as novel therapeutic agents in mood disorders. It is hoped that by targeting neural systems outside of the monoamine system, more effective and perhaps faster acting therapeutics can be developed for patients suffering from these disabling disorders.
Activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production by unswitched memory B cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection

Memory B cells are comprised of unswitched (CD27+IgD+) and switched (CD27+IgD-) subsets. The origin and function of unswitched human memory B cells are debated in the literature, whereas switched memory B cells are primed to respond to recurrent infection. Unswitched memory B cells have been described to be reduced in frequency with severe SARS-CoV2 infection and here we characterize their activation status, BCR functionality, and contribution to virally-induced cytokine production. Analyses of whole blood from healthy individuals, people immunized against SARS-CoV2, and those who have had mild and severe SARS-CoV2 infection, confirm a reduction in the frequency of unswitched memory B cells during severe SARS-CoV2 infection and demonstrate this reduction is associated with increased levels of systemic TNFα. We further document how severe viral infection is associated with an increased frequency of ‘IgD+’ only memory B cells that correlate with increased IgG autoantibody levels. Unswitched and switched memory B cells from severe SARS-CoV2 infection displayed evidence of heightened activation with a concomitant reduction in the expression of the inhibitory receptor CD72. Functionally, both populations of memory B cells from severe SARS-COV2 infection harbored a signaling-competent BCR that displayed enhanced BCR signaling activity in the unswitched population. Finally, we demonstrate that B cells from mild SARS-CoV2 infection are poised to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFα. Importantly, unswitched memory B cells were a major producer of IL-6 and switched memory B cells were a major producer of TNFα in response to viral TLR ligands. Together these data indicate that B cells contribute to the inflammatory milieu during viral infection.
Journal of Experimental Pharmacology Dovepress Recent Advances in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, immune-mediated, demyelinating, neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Despite the lack of an etiologic factor, it has been consistently demonstrated that the immune system plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of MS. The traditional description of immunopathogenesis of MS suggests a preferential CD4+ TH1 cell activity causing tissue damage by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and subsequent demyelination and axonal loss. Recent evidence, however, suggests that other immune cells including TH17 cells, CD8+ effector T cells, CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells, and B cells may play a prominent role in MS immunopathology. A better understanding of the molecular and cellular components of the immunopathogenesis of MS is allowing the development of novel therapies.
Side plasma flow and stagnation of a conical blunt body vehicle under an axial dipole magnetic field

The study of plasma flow under the thermal protection magnetic field of reentry vehicle is helpful to verify the magnetic control thermal protection technology and further understand its flow law. By solving hypersonic magnetohydrodynamics equations and combining with dipole magnetic field conditions, the plasma flow mechanism of radio attenuation measurement (RAM)-CII (RAM Experiment) spacecraft at 61 km altitude is analyzed and compared with orbital reentry experiment (OREX) spacecraft under the same conditions. The results show that the plasma flow of RAM-CII is more complex than that of OREX, and there are several regions with different Lorentz force directions near the aircraft, which play the role of plasma ejection and adsorption. Under the action of Lorentz force, the side flow of the aircraft will be separated and reattached, and the fluid stagnation zone will be generated. The results show that for different shapes of aircraft, the flow laws caused by magnetic thermal protection technology are different, and the side flow may be greatly affected.
How did GVC‐trade respond to previous health shocks? Evidence from SARS and MERS

A health crisis can impact GVCs adversely by raising bilateral trade costs and via supply‐ and demand‐side shocks in the exporting and importing countries. Focusing on trade in select GVC‐intensive sectors, we disentangle the effects of these different channels in the context of SARS and MERS in a structural gravity framework. The estimated effects are found to be small in magnitude and show significant heterogeneity by sector, channel and disease outbreak. SARS‐induced rise in bilateral trade costs is found to reduce the export value and number of products traded of both intermediate and final goods, while similar adverse effects from MERS are only observed on intermediate goods export value. There is more evidence for the adverse effects of supply‐shocks from both SARS and MERS in our results, while the expected negative effects of the demand‐shock are only observed for MERS. The SARS effects are found to diminish over time, pointing to resilience of the associated value‐chains. We also find suggestive evidence for SARS in particular being associated with geographical diversification and widening of value‐chains.
Use of stable isotope analysis to assess biodegradation of volatile organic compounds in the unsaturated subsurface

XI RESUME XIII 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 BEHAVIOUR OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN THE UNSATURATED ZONE 1 1.2 MONITORING BIODEGRADATION DURING NATURAL ATTENUATION OF CONTAMINANTS 1 1.2. 1 Common methods 2 1.2. 2 Compound-specific isotope analysis 4 1.3 AIMS AND APPROACH OF THE STUDY 4 1.4 THEORY ON STABLE ISOTOPES 6 1.4. 1 Origin of the isotope effect 6 1.4. 2 Factors regulating the magnitude of isotope fractionation during enzymatic processes 8 1.4. 3 Notation for isotope ratios and isotope fractionation 9 1.5 INCORPORATING ISOTOPES INTO REACTIVE-TRANSPORT MODELS 10 1.5. 1 Analytical diffusion models 10 1.5. 2 Tracing the carbon isotope ratio in the unsaturated zone 13 1.5. 3 Division into 2 subspecies: Approximation method 14 1.5. 4 Division into 3 subspecies: Reference method 15 1.5. 5 Advantage/disadvantage 16 1.5. 6 Division into 3 subspecies for hydrogen 18 2. EVALUATION OF ENRICHMENT FACTORS 19 Abstract 19 2.
Portrait of French-speaking minorities with respect to vaccination against COVID-19

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination campaign highlighted the requirement to better understand the needs of different populations. French-speaking minorities (FSMs) have greater difficulty accessing quality care in French, and this problem was exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective The aim of this survey was to develop a descriptive portrait of the health needs of FSMs in relation to the COVID-19 vaccination campaign by describing their vaccination status, attitudes and beliefs compared with English-speaking majorities. Methods A survey was conducted among eligible participants using convenience sampling. Data measurement includes a descriptive statistical comparison using analysis of the variance, univariate logistic regressions and a two-proportions z-test. Results Of the 1,505 respondents (554 FSMs vs. 951 English speakers), the FSMs have an average age of 51.4 years and 89.2% are Canadian citizens. Vaccination of children was preponderant among English speakers (74.2% vs. 86.3%), including against COVID-19 (58.6% vs. 73.9%). A higher proportion of FSMs had gotten vaccinated in order to obtain a vaccine passport (39% vs. 29.3%). Among the unvaccinated, FSMs were more likely to question the efficacy of vaccines (60% vs. 36.4%). Canadian citizen FSMs with higher education could be divided in relation to the vaccine regimen. Conclusion This survey revealed differences between FSMs and the English-speaking majority in their perceptions of vaccine efficacy, particularly vaccination of children, and a polarization of attitudes/beliefs among FSMs according to certain sociodemographic factors.
Online Recursive Detection and Adaptive Fuzzy Mitigation of Cyber-Physical Attacks Targeting Topology of IMG: An LFC Case Study

Due to the low inertia of inverter-based islanded microgrids (IMGs), these systems require a delicate and accurate load frequency control (LFC) scheme. The deployment of such a control scheme, which preserves the balance between the load and generation, needs a cyber layer on top of the physical system that makes IMGs an appealing target for a variety of cyber-physical attacks (CPAs). Among these CPAs, there is a family of malicious CPAs whose aim is to compromise the LFC scheme by changing the topology of IMG and its parameters. On this basis, an online system identification method is developed to estimate the parameters of IMG using the recursive least square forgetting factor (RLS-FF) approach. Then, based on the estimated parameters, an anomaly-based intrusion detection system (IDS) is developed to identify CPAs and distinguish them from the uncertainties in the normal operation of IMG. Following anomaly detection, a mitigation scheme is proposed to regulate the IMG’s frequency using an adaptive interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller (IT2FLC). The proposed IT2FLC uses different types of distributed energy resources (DERs)—i.e., tidal power plants and solar panels which are, respectively, equipped with inertia emulation and droop-based controllers—to improve the frequency excursion resulting from CPAs. The simulation results verify the performance of the developed detection and mitigation schemes, particularly when the RLS-FF parameters, i.e., forgetting factor, covariance matrix, and reset parameter, are obtained through the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm. Furthermore, the designed mitigation scheme is corroborated by comparing its performance with several well-known attack-resilient control frameworks in LFC studies, e.g., linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and $H_{\infty }$ , using real-time simulations.