Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychological Assessment and Treatment Effectiveness in Mastalgia: Developing a Treatment Algorithm

Background Mastalgia often impairs the physical, social, and sexual lives of women. It may manifest in both cyclical or acyclical patterns. The psychoneurotic association of mastalgia has been claimed for a long time in various available literature. Several treatment options have been used and are available in the market for mastalgia, but no specific guidelines are currently in place at the global or local levels. This study aims to evaluate the psychological status and effectiveness of various treatment options in women presenting with mastalgia. Methods This study was conducted in the General Surgery outpatient department from February 1 to November 30, 2021, at King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India. Females of all age groups presenting to the General Surgery outpatient department with unilateral/bilateral breast pain and/or chest wall pain were considered for this study. Pregnant patients, those with a history of allergy to drugs, or those who were lost to follow-up were excluded from the study. The psychological status of patients was assessed using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-42) scale. Pain assessment was performed using a visual analog scale (VAS). Patients were divided into five categories: (i) isolated chest wall pain, (ii) isolated breast pain, (iii) both chest wall and breast pain, (iv) pain with an associated lump(s), and (v) pain and tenderness isolated over the lump, and two groups: Group-A: VAS≤4, and Group-B: VAS>4. Group B patients in Category iv were randomized into two groups: topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or evening primrose oil+vitamin E. The next line of treatment was tamoxifen 10mg followed by danazol 100mg followed by ormeloxifene 30mg. Results The mean age of 106 participants enrolled was 31.59±10.52 years. The mean scores, using the DASS-42 scale, for depression, anxiety, and stress were 7.31±8.53, 7.08±6.57, and 11.15±8.07, respectively. The depression, anxiety, and stress scores had no significant correlation with pain scores (p =0.84, 0.99, and 0.97 for depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively), or duration (p=0.69, 0.66, and 0.85 for depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively). Twenty-nine of 43 patients (67.44%) responded to topical NSAIDs as first-line treatment, and out of the remaining, 6.98% responded to evening primrose oil + vitamin E, 18.60% to tamoxifen, and 4.65% to danazol. Twenty-nine of 32 patients (90.63%) responded to evening primrose oil+vitamin E as first-line treatment, while 6.25% and 3.12% responded to tamoxifen and danazol, respectively. Conclusions Both topical NSAIDs and evening primrose oil + vitamin E were found effective first-line treatment options in the majority of patients. Hence, it is always advisable to start such patients on topical NSAIDs, or evening primrose oil + vitamin E, before switching over (if no resolution of pain is reported with these drugs) to higher and more severe treatment options. The duration or severity of pain did not correlate with the psychological condition of the patient.
Measurement of single‐crystal elastic constants of bronzite as a function of pressure and temperature

The nine single-crystal elastic constants of orthopyroxene, Mg0.8Fe0. 2SiO3, have been measured as a function of temperature from 25° to 350°C and at 25°C as a function of pressure to 10 kb by means of the ultrasonic pulse superposition technique. It was found that the shear constants exhibited a distinctly nonlinear pressure dependence in addition to the usual linear terms. Owing to the difficulty in obtaining precise data for the longitudinal modes above approximately 4.5 kb, where curvature might be observed, only a linear pressure dependence was found for the on-diagonal longitudinal constants. Because the second pressure derivatives of the on-diagonal longitudinal constants (c11, c22, and c33) enter the expressions required for the evaluation of the second pressure derivatives of the off-diagonal constants (c12, c23, and c13), the second derivatives of the off-diagonal constants are probably considerably in error. The second pressure derivatives of the on-diagonal shear constants and of the unprocessed data for the cross-coupling moduli, however, have been precisely and consistently measured and represent the first observations of curvature for noncubic oxide materials. The dimensionless quantities K(∂cμv/∂P2) (where K denotes the bulk modulus, cμv denotes the elastic constants, and P denotes the pressure) for the on-diagonal shear moduli are about ten times larger than the corresponding quantities for the eight alkali halides for which these quantities are known. The isotropic bulk and shear moduli and their pressure and temperature derivatives calculated from the single-crystal data by means of the Voigt-Reuss-Hill (VRH) approximation are KS = 1.035 Mb, G = 0.749 Mb, (∂KS/∂P)T = 9.59, (∂G/∂P)T = 2.38, (∂KS/∂T)p = −0.268 kb°C−1, and (∂G/∂T)p = −0.119 kb°C−1. Owing to the large values of the pressure derivatives of the longitudinal elastic constants c11, c22, and especially c33, the pressure derivative of the bulk modulus of orthopyroxene is approximately twice as large as that for most other materials normally considered to be of importance in the earth's mantle. The ultrasonic equation of state calculated from the first-order Birch equation agrees well with static-compression data and, below about 150 kb, with shock-wave data. The elastic Grueneisen parameter calculated from the VRH approximation is found to be 30% larger than the thermal Grueneisen parameter.
Tenapanor in Chinese ESRD patients with hyperphosphatemia on haemodialysis: a randomised, phase 3 trial

ABSTRACT Background The efficacy and safety of tenapanor has not been confirmed in Chinese end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with hyperphosphatemia on haemodialysis (HD). Methods This was a randomised, double blind, phase 3 trial conducted at 26 dialysis facilities in China (https://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx; CTR20202588). After a 3-week washout, adults with ESRD on HD with hyperphosphatemia were randomised (1:1) using an interactive web response system to oral tenapanor 30 mg twice a day or placebo for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change in mean serum phosphorous level from baseline to the endpoint visit (day 29 or last serum phosphorus measurement). Efficacy was analysed in the intention-to-treat population. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of the study drug. Results Between 5 March 2021 and 8 June 2022, 77 patients received tenapanor and 73 received placebo. Tenapanor treatment (n = 75) resulted in a significantly greater least squares (LS) mean reduction in serum phosphate at the endpoint visit versus placebo (n = 72): LS mean difference −1.17 mg/dl (95% CI −1.694 to −0.654, P < .001). More patients receiving tenapanor achieved a serum phosphorous level <5.5 mg/dl at the endpoint visit (44.6% versus 10.1%). The most common treatment-related adverse event was diarrhoea [tenapanor 28.6% (22/77), placebo 2.7% (2/73)], which was mostly mild and led to treatment discontinuation in two patients receiving tenapanor. Conclusions Tenapanor significantly reduced the serum phosphorous level versus placebo in Chinese ESRD patients on HD and was generally well tolerated.
Sociodemographic distributions and molecular characterization of colonized Enterococcus faecium isolates from locality hospitals in Khartoum, Sudan

Background Enterococcus faecium is an opportunistic pathogen of humans with diverse hosts, encompassing animals as well as human beings. In the past twenty years, there has been a rise in the instances of nosocomial infections that are linked to antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus faecium. The acquisition of diverse antimicrobial resistance factors has driven the global development of robust and convergent adaptive mechanisms within the healthcare environment. The presence of microorganisms in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patient populations has been significantly aided by the facilitation of various perturbations within their respective microbiomes. Objective This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial profile, demographic and clinical characteristics, along with the detection of virulence encoding genes, and to find out the clonal genetic relationship among colonized E. faecium strains. Methodology A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out between October 2018 and March 2020 at four Khartoum locality hospitals in Sudan. The study comprised a total of 108 strains of E. faecium isolated from patients admitted to four locality hospitals in Khartoum. A self-structured questionnaire was used to gather information on sociodemographic traits. Data were analyzed using chi-square test. In all cases, P value ≤ 0.05 with a corresponding 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant. Moreover, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus–polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) was utilized to assess the prevalence of clonal relationships, and the gel was analyzed using CLIQS software. Results In this study, the isolation rate of colonized E. faecium strains was 108/170 (63.5%). The colonization of E. faecium and its association with various sociodemographic and clinical features was examined. 73 (67.6%) of patients had multidrug-resistant (MDR), and 22 (20.4%) had extensively drug-resistant (XDR), 73 (67.6%) of patients engaged in self-medication practices. Eighty patients (74.1%) were non-adherence to prescribed antibiotics, while 70 (64.8%) patients reported recent antibiotic usage within the 3 months. The present study suggests that demographic factors may not be significantly associated with the incidence of E. faecium infection except for patients who had a prior history of antibiotic use (P ≤ 0.005). The analysis of virulence genes showed a high prevalence of asa1 gene (22.2%) among strains. In ERIC-PCR the genetic relatedness of E. faecium showed seven identical clusters (A–G) with 100% genetic similarity. This implies clonal propagation in hospitals and communities. Conclusion This study found that the incidence of E. faecium isolated from locality hospitals in Khartoum was likely due to the spread of E. faecium clones, thereby highlighting the need for intensifying infection control measures to prevent the spreading of nosocomial infection.
Steady-State Effect of Freshwater Injection on Seawater Intrusion

Steady-state solutions for the motion of the freshwater-seawater interface due to series of injection wells were obtained using a sharp interface finite element model. The performance of the numerical model was tested with the existing analytical solution. The model was then used to perform the parametric studies on the effects of the location of the series of injection wells, spacing of the wells, and the freshwater injection rate on the seawater intrusion into coastal confined aquifers. The performances of the injection wells in single and double series along the coast were studied and compared. The key variables were grouped into nondimensional parameters, and the relationship between them was presented as a set of characteristic curves. Results indicate that the reduction of seawater intrusion (up to 60–90%) can be achieved through proper selection of the injection rate and spacing between the wells.
The population ecology of the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) in the panhandle region of the Okavango Delta, Botswana

iii OPSOMMING . v LIST OF TABLES . xvii LIST OF FIGURES . xxi CHAPTER 1. A REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY FOCUSING ON THE NILE CROCODILE CROCODYLUS NILOTICUS (LAURENTI) IN AFRICA. 1.1 STUDY ANIMAL . 1 1.1.1 CROCODILIANS: HISTORY, EVOLUTION AND ROLE IN THE ECOSYSTEM.1 1.1.2 ECOLOGY.1 1.1.3 GENERAL STATUS IN AFRICA . 3 1.1.4 HISTORY OF COMMERCIAL UTILIZATION OF THE NILE CROCODILE IN BOTSWANA.6 1.1.5 THE CONSERVATION GENETICS CONSEQUENCES OF THE OVEREXPLOITATION IN THE PANHANDLE POPULATION.7 1.1.6 ASSESSING NILE CROCODILE POPULATION STATUS. 8 1.2 SELECTING SURVEY METHODS.13 1.2. 1 TOTAL COUNTS OR SAMPLE COUNTS.14 1.2. 2 CAPTURE-MARK-RECAPTURE METHODS.15 1.2. 3 SPOTLIGHT COUNTS.16 1.2. 4 REMOVAL METHOD.17 1.2. 5 AERIAL SURVEYS.17 1.2. 6 NESTING SURVEYS.18 1.3 MODELLING POPULATION DYNAMICS.19 1.4 SYNTHESIS . 20 1.5 STUDY SITE: A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PANHANDLE AND OKAVANGO DELTA. 20 1.5. 1 GEOLOGY.22 1.5. 2 HYDROLOGY . 23 1.6 REFERENCES.26
Privacy-Preserving Distributed Economic Dispatch of Microgrids Over Directed Networks via State Decomposition: A Fast Consensus Algorithm

This article is concerned with the privacy-preserving distributed economic dispatch problem of microgrids. The main goal of this work is to develop a privacy-preserving distributed optimization algorithm over directed networks, aiming to achieve supply-demand balance at the lowest economic cost under practical constraints while preventing the leakage of power-sensitive information. For this purpose, a distributed optimization algorithm with a constant step size is proposed by combining the decentralized exact first-order algorithm with the push-sum protocol, which offers an advantage in terms of fast convergence. In addition, to ensure privacy preservation, a state-decomposition approach is employed by randomly dividing the state into two parts, where only partial state information is transmitted. Moreover, the effectiveness of the privacy-preserving scheme against honest-but-curious nodes and external eavesdroppers is demonstrated through rigorous analysis. Finally, simulation studies demonstrate the validity and superiority of the developed privacy-preserving distributed algorithm.
Observation of wavelength‐sensitive mass‐independent sulfur isotope effects during SO2 photolysis: Implications for the early atmosphere

Mass-independent isotopic signatures for δ 33 S, δ 34 S, and δ 36 S produced in the photolysis of sulfur dioxide exhibit a strong wavelength dependence. Photolysis experiments with three light sources (ArF excimer laser (193 nm), mercury resonance lamp (184.9 and 253.7 nm), and KrF excimer laser (248 nm)) are presented. Products of sulfur dioxide photolysis undertaken with 193-nm radiation exhibit characteristics that are similar to sulfur multiple-isotope data for terrestrial sedimentary rock samples older than 2450 Ma (reported by Farquhar et al. [2000a]), while photolysis experiments undertaken with radiation at other wavelengths (longer than 220 nm and at 184.9 nm) exhibit different characteristics. The spectral window between 190 and 220 nm falls between the Schumann-Runge bands of oxygen and the Hartley bands of ozone, and its absorption is therefore more sensitive to changes in altitude and atmospheric oxygen content than neighboring wavelengths. These two observations are used to suggest a link between sulfur dioxide photolysis at 193 nm and sulfur isotope anomalies in Archean rocks. This hypothesis includes the suggestion that UV wavelengths shorter than 200 nm penetrated deep in the Earth's atmosphere during the Archean. Potential implications of this hypothesis for the chemistry, composition, and UV absorption of the atmosphere are explored. We also explore the implications of these observations for documentation of bacterial sulfur metabolisms early in Earth's history.
The cyclonic turning and propagation of buoyant coastal discharge along the shelf

Buoyant coastal discharge typically forms a current flowing along the coast in the direction of Kelvin wave propagation (hereinafter referred to as the downstream direction). In this paper the opposite, upstream penetration of buoyancy-driven current is studied using numerical modeling. Previous models of coastal buoyancy-driven currents repeatedly predicted the upstream spreading while in the field this feature was not commonly observed. The mechanism responsible for the propagation of buoyant flow along the coast upstream from its source is identified as follows. In many cases, the boundary conditions applied for buoyant discharge oversimplify the actual dynamics at the mouth blocking landward flow in the lower layer. This generates a strong cyclonic vorticity disturbance with corresponding upstream turning of buoyant flow at the source. This process initiates the upstream spreading of buoyant flow. Alternative boundary condition maintaining constant net transport but allowing baroclinic adjustment of buoyant inflow is formulated and shown to reduce the generation of cyclonic vorticity at the mouth. The upstream propagation is further enhanced by the vertical mixing. The buoyant water forms an anticyclonic bulge at the river or estuary mouth. While spreading around the center of this anticyclone, the fresher water gradually becomes saltier due to vertical mixing/diffusion. As a result, the pool of lightest water does not coincide with the center of the anticyclone (in the sense of integral streamfunction) but tends to occupy the upstream and inshore segment of the bulge where the buoyant water comes first. This sets a new center for the anticyclonic turning at the surface and promotes the upstream shift of the anticyclonic bulge. This process sustains continuous growth of the buoyant plume upstream. It is shown that the upstream ambient current does not produce a similar effect. Instead, buoyant flow periodically sheds anticyclones advected upstream with the mean current. Under certain conditions, upstream spreading is also possible in nature. For example, Beardsley et al. (1985) reported substantial upstream penetration of the Changjiang River discharge in the East China Sea during the period of high runoff.
Revised ages for tuffs of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field: Assignment of the Huckleberry Ridge Tuff to a new geomagnetic polarity event

40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages were determined on the three major ash-flow tuffs of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field in the region of Yellowstone National Park in order to improve the precision of previously determined ages. Total-fusion and incremental- heating ages of sanidine yielded the following mean ages: Huckleberry Ridge Tuff—2.059 ± 0.004 Ma; Mesa Falls Tuff— 1.285 ± 0.004 Ma; and Lava Creek Tuff— 0.639 ± 0.002 Ma. The Huckleberry Ridge Tuff has a transitional magnetic direction and has previously been related to the Reunion Normal- Polarity Subchron. Dating of the Reunion event has been reviewed and its ages have been normalized to a common value for mineral standards. The age of the Huckleberry Ridge Tuff is significantly younger than lava flows of the Reunion event on Re union Island, supporting other evidence for a normal-polarity event younger than the Reunion event.
Updated regional precipitation and temperature changes for the 21st century from ensembles of recent AOGCM simulations

We present an analysis of regional precipitation and temperature changes for different 20‐year periods (20 yrp) of the 21st century from the latest ensemble of global model simulations (20 models) over 26 land regions worldwide and 3 IPCC emission scenarios (A1B, A2, B1). We find that regional warming enhancements and precipitation changes are mostly in agreement with previous generation models (with some notable exceptions). A high level of agreement of weighted ensemble average regional changes is found across scenarios and across different periods within the 21st century. Overall, both for temperature and precipitation, the dry seasons appear generally more responsive to GHG forcing than the wet seasons. Our results indicate that the precipitation and temperature change projections produced by ensembles of current global model simulations show increasingly consistent regional patterns.
A Rare Case of Metastatic Ampullary Adenocarcinoma Following the Whipple Procedure

Ampullary carcinoma is an extremely rare type of gastrointestinal cancer that originates at the ampulla of Vater, distal to the junction between the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct (CBD). There are three subtypes depending on the histological findings: pancreatobiliary, intestinal, and mixed subtype. Symptoms can mimic other pathologies related to biliary obstruction, such as jaundice, diarrhea, steatorrhea, and weight loss. In this report, we present a case of a 40-year-old male who presented with painless jaundice and dizziness. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) showed choledocholithiasis and CBD dilatation. Endoscopic ultrasound showed a 24 x 14 mm ampulla mass. Subsequently, he underwent the Whipple procedure that revealed an intestinal-type periampullary adenocarcinoma characterized as stage III (T3bN2M0), with lymphovascular and perineural invasion. He was lost to follow-up but was later found to have metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma to the lung and liver. In this report, we also discuss the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and current evidence-based therapeutic options in the management of this tumor, highlighting the importance of treatment choice depending on the tumor type.
Effect of urea and common salt (NaCl) treated glyphosate on parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) at Western Hararghe zone, Ethiopia

Field experiments were conducted from 2008 to 2011, at western Hararghe zone, Eastern Ethiopia to evaluate the effect of urea and common salt treated glyphosate on parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus). The experiments were arranged in randomized complete block design with five replications. Glyphosate herbicide at 3 L/ha was applied with different rates (0, 50, 100 and 150 ml) of urea and common salt. From the pooled analysis of variance over years it was observed that there existed a significant difference among treatments (p<0.05) in which the total population of parthenium weed mortality was noted at 25 days after applications across years for 3000 ml of glyphosate treated with 150 ml of urea and 150 ml of common salt. Results from this experiment showed that treating 3000 ml of glyphosate with 150 ml of urea and 150 ml of common salt solutions and spraying at 6 to 8 leaves stages resulted in complete mortality of parthenium weed in short period of time by increasing the phytotoxicity of this herbicide. While spraying this solution at 50 and 75% flowering stages showed poor mortality rates on this weed. This study also elucidated the complete change of parthenium infested plots into soft weed species that suppresses the re-emergency of this noxious weed. This helps in reducing the soil seed bank of parthenium weed, thus its population declines over successive years. This finding helps in reducing the rate and frequency of glyphosate application in conservation tillage and plantation crops like coffee and fruit farms, thus managing cost of parthenium weed can be significantly reduced. Key words: Parthenium hysterophorus, glyphosate, mortality rate, phytotoxicity, soil seed bank.
Measurement of canopy interception of solar radiation by stands of trees in sparsely wooded savanna

Abstract A three-dimensional tree canopy model of scenes which consist of a discontinuous tree layer and a continuous field layer is described. ‘Scene’ or spatial average tree canopy layer transmissions are defined for direct solar radiation, diffuse sky radiation and emission of reflected radiation from the ground and field layers. Hemispherical canopy photographs are used to measure these three types of transmission and the measurements provide the parameters for the model which can be inverted to give estimates of the spatial average properties of a scene. The model requires only the frequency distribution of tree canopy diameters to be specified and these can be measured on the ground or on aerial photographs. The effect of each canopy is additive and so the model can be applied to any pattern and density of trees. Hemispherical photographs can be reinterpreted for any solar azimuth and zenith angle and are therefore applicable for long periods of time. Measurements in two areas of savanna woodland in.