Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Landscape Perception Identification and Classification Based on Electroencephalogram (EEG) Features

This paper puts forward a new method of landscape recognition and evaluation by using aerial video and EEG technology. In this study, seven typical landscape types (forest, wetland, grassland, desert, water, farmland, and city) were selected. Different electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were generated through different inner experiences and feelings felt by people watching video stimuli of the different landscape types. The electroencephalogram (EEG) features were extracted to obtain the mean amplitude spectrum (MAS), power spectrum density (PSD), differential entropy (DE), differential asymmetry (DASM), rational asymmetry (RASM), and differential caudality (DCAU) in the five frequency bands of delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma. According to electroencephalogram (EEG) features, four classifiers including the back propagation (BP) neural network, k-nearest neighbor classification (KNN), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) were used to classify the landscape types. The results showed that the support vector machine (SVM) classifier and the random forest (RF) classifier had the highest accuracy of landscape recognition, which reached 98.24% and 96.72%, respectively. Among the six classification features selected, the classification accuracy of MAS, PSD, and DE with frequency domain features were higher than those of the spatial domain features of DASM, RASM and DCAU. In different wave bands, the average classification accuracy of all subjects was 98.24% in the gamma band, 94.62% in the beta band, and 97.29% in the total band. This study identifies and classifies landscape perception based on multi-channel EEG signals, which provides a new idea and method for the quantification of human perception.
Policy and Misallocation Evidence from Chinese Firm-Level Data

Using a rich dataset of Chinese firms, we investigate the effect of industrial policies on resource misallocation. Our difference-in-difference model estimates provide evidence that government policies increased the dispersion of revenue productivity across firms in four-digit industries targeted for support relative to other industries, suggesting a negative impact on aggregate TFP. Estimates of a changes-in-changes model reveal that the policies had a heterogeneous impact across the productivity distribution of firms in supported industries. Furthermore, we show that the heightened misallocation is related to the way in which the Chinese government doled out support through subsidies for a subset of firms.
Essential Oils from Indigenous Iranian Plants: A Natural Weapon vs. Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli

Aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial properties of herbal plant essential oils (EOs) from selected Iranian plant species such as Ferulago angulata, Zataria multiflora, Cuminum cyminum, and Mentha longifolia against antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains. For this purpose, the Escherichia coli strains, isolated from raw cow’s milk and local dairy products (yogurt, cream, whey, cheese, and confectionery products) collected from different areas of Hamedan province, Iran, were investigated for their resistance to antibiotics (i.e., streptomycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and cefixime). Thus, the E. coli strains were tested for their susceptibility to the above-mentioned essential oils. Regarding antibiotics, the E. coli strains were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin. In relation to essential oils, the most effective antibacterial activity was observed with Zataria multiflora; also, the bacteria were semi-sensitive to Cuminum cyminum and Mentha longifolia essential oils. All strains were resistant to Ferulago angulata essential oil. According to the results, the essential oil of Zataria multiflora can be considered as a practical and alternative antibacterial strategy to inhibit the growth of multidrug-resistant E. coli of dairy origin.
Anchoring Multi‐Scale Models to Micron‐Scale Imaging of Multiphase Flow in Rocks

Image‐based pore‐scale modeling is an important method to study multiphase flow in permeable rocks. However, in many rocks, the pore size distribution is so wide that it cannot be resolved in a single pore‐space image, typically acquired using micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT). Recent multi‐scale models therefore incorporate sub‐voxel porosity maps, created by differential micro‐CT imaging of a contrast fluid in the pores. These maps delineate different microporous flow zones in the model, which must be assigned petrophysical properties as input. The uncertainty on the pore scale physics in these models is therefore heightened by uncertainties on the representation of unresolved pores, also called sub‐rock typing. Here, we address this by validating a multi‐scale pore network model using a drainage experiment imaged with differential micro‐CT on an Estaillades limestone sample. We find that porosity map‐based sub‐rock typing was unable to match the micrometer‐scale experimental fluid distributions. To investigate why, we introduce a novel baseline sub‐rock typing method, based on a 3D map of the experimental capillary pressure function. By incorporating this data, we successfully remove most of the sub‐rock typing uncertainty from the model, obtaining a close fit to the experimental fluid distributions. Comparison between the two methods shows that in this sample, the porosity map is poorly correlated to the multiphase flow behavior of microporosity. The method introduced in this paper can help to constrain the sources of uncertainties in multi‐scale models in reference cases, facilitating the development of simulations in complex reservoir rocks important for for example, geological storage of CO2.
Petrology and zircon U–Pb dating of granitoid rocks in the Highiş massif (SW Apuseni Mts., Romania): Insights into Permian plutonic–volcanic connections

Permian granitoids in the Highiş massif (SW Apuseni Mts., Romania) are anorogenic (A-type), having a peraluminous, subalkaline, alkali-calcic or calc-alkalic, and ferroan character with granodioritic to granitic compositions. Trace elements suggest the crustal origin of the studied samples that derive from a common or similar source associated with post-collisional rifting. Based on trace elements and zircon U–Pb ages (~268–263 Ma), a plutonic– volcanic connection was revealed between the Highiş granitoids and the Mid-Permian (~267–260 Ma) felsic volcanic rocks that are widespread in the Tisza Mega-unit. Felsic plutonic and volcanic rocks (along with mafic–intermediate plutons and lavas in the Apuseni Mts.) represent a Mid-Permian, cogenetic magmatic system. Our results suggest that the study area belongs to the Tisza Mega-unit, in contrast to recent studies considering it as part of the Dacia Mega-unit. Despite the Europe-derived nature of the Tisza Mega-unit, its Permian igneous formations are significantly younger than those of the stable Europe (~300–290 Ma). However, the studied rocks show correlations with some analogous formations in the ALCAPA Mega-unit, including Permian A-type granitoids and felsic volcanic rocks in the Western Carpathians (Gemeric, Veporic, and Silicic Units). On the other hand, many other rocks of similar age in the Western Carpathians and Eastern Alps bear completely different geochemical compositions (S-type character). The latter suggest at least two main types of magma source coevally within the Permo-Triassic post-orogenic setting in the Central European Variscides.
The Current Role of Parathyroid Fine-Needle Biopsy (P-FNAB) with iPTH-Washout Concentration (iPTH-WC) in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Single Center Experience and Literature Review

Introduction. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a condition characterized by disorders of calcium–phosphate metabolism and bone metabolism caused by pathological overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH). The diagnosis of overt PHPT is based on the presence of clinical symptoms and laboratory abnormalities typical of this condition: hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria and elevated iPTH levels. Imaging studies are not used for diagnostic purposes; they are performed to localize the parathyroid glands prior to potential surgical treatment. Technetium 99 m sestamibi scintigraphy (Tc99 m-MIBI) is the gold standard in the assessment of pathologically altered parathyroid glands. Other diagnostic options include cervical ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). Parathyroid biopsy (P-FNAB) with iPTH washout concentration (iPTH-WC) assessment is still an underestimated method of preoperative parathyroid gland localization. Few studies have reported the utility of US-guided P-FNAB in preoperative assessment of parathyroid lesions. The aim of the study was to present our experience with 143 P-FNAB with iPTH-WC assessment. Material and methods. Laboratory results, US findings, P-FNAB complications and comparison with other imaging techniques were described and analyzed. Results. In 133 (93.0) patients, iPTH washout-to-serum ratio exceeded threshold level 0.5 and were classified as positive results. Median iPTH-WC in this group was 16,856 pg/mL, and the iPTH-WC to serum iPTH ratio was 158. There was no correlation between iPTH-WC and serum PTH, serum calcium, parathyroid gland volume and shape index. In the group of 46 operated patients, 44 demonstrated positive iPTH-WC results, which corresponds to a sensitivity of 95.6%. In Tc99-MIBI, radiotracer retention was found in 17 cases (in 24 MIBI performed), which corresponds to a sensitivity of 52.2%. P-FNAB did not cause any major side effects −92.5% of all patients had no or mild adverse events after this procedure. Conclusions. P-FNAB with iPTH-WC is a reliable method in parathyroid adenoma localization during PHPT. Its sensitivity for diagnosis of PHPT is much higher than that of Tc99-MIBI, and in some situations, P-FNAB with iPTH-WC may even replace that method. Furthermore, cost-effectiveness of iPTH-WC is at least similar to that of Tc99-MIBI. Complications of P-FNAB are mild and we can describe this method as a safe procedure.
Characterization of an Insoluble and Soluble Form of Melanin Produced by Streptomyces cavourensis SV 21, a Sea Cucumber Associated Bacterium

Melanin is a widely distributed and striking dark-colored pigment produced by countless living organisms. Although a wide range of bioactivities have been recognized, there are still major constraints in using melanin for biotechnological applications such as its fragmentary known chemical structure and its insolubility in inorganic and organic solvents. In this study, a bacterial culture of Streptomyces cavourensis SV 21 produced two distinct forms of melanin: (1) a particulate, insoluble form as well as (2) a rarely observed water-soluble form. The here presented novel, acid-free purification protocol of purified particulate melanin (PPM) and purified dissolved melanin (PDM) represents the basis for an in-depth comparison of their physicochemical and biological properties, which were compared to the traditional acid-based precipitation of melanin (AM) and to a synthetic melanin standard (SM). Our data show that the differences in solubility between PDM and PPM in aqueous solutions may be a result of different adjoining cation species, since the soluble PDM polymer is largely composed of Mg2+ ions and the insoluble PPM is dominated by Ca2+ ions. Furthermore, AM shared most properties with SM, which is likely attributed to a similar, acid-based production protocol. The here presented gentler approach of purifying melanin facilitates a new perspective of an intact form of soluble and insoluble melanin that is less chemical altered and thus closer to its original biological form.
The Influence Of Country Image And Destination Image On Intention To Visit South Korea

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the influence of country image, destination image and destination familiarity on visit intentions to South Korea with destination familiarity as a moderating variable. The data used in this study is the result of a questionnaire that was distributed directly in March 2021. Sampling was carried out through a purposive sampling method, where the researcher had set several criteria. There are 150 respondents in this study. This research method uses PLS-SEM with the help of SMART PLS. The results in this study indicate that country image, destination image and destination familiarity has a positive significant influence on intention to visit, as well as the moderating relationship between destination image and country image on intention to visit The managerial implications suggest where innovations need to be improved that are more attractive and take advantage of the great potential of South Korea's image. For further research, researchers are advised to look at the Visit more broadly so that they can better observe and explore the problems that exist in South Korea
Bifurcation Analysis of Active Electrical Distribution Networks Considering Load Tap Changers and Power Converter Capacity Limits

The aim of this article is to analyze the parameter stability and power transfer limits of active distribution networks with power converters and load tap changers by using bifurcation theory.First, the nonlinear model of a representative distribution grid with mixed loads and power converters is derived. Frequently neglected effects of converter capacity limits and transformers with load tap changers are considered, and for this purpose, static and dynamic saturations are modeled by using approximations based on smooth functions. In addition, a solution based on an antiwindup scheme is provided to model load tap changers without numerical convergence problems. These methods allow their integration to the model in a comprehensive way. Results show the impact of converter parameters and its limits on system stability as well as the impact of weak grid conditions. Moreover, they show that these effects can destabilize the system under, seemingly, safe operating conditions. The results indicate that reactive power support from converters can improve stability margins and the performed analysis can help in the design of the converter control parameters. Experimental results obtained from the laboratory environment comprising two distributed generators and a grid emulator are used for the validation of the contributions of this article.
Exosome‐like nanoparticles from Mulberry bark prevent DSS‐induced colitis via the AhR/COPS8 pathway

Bark protects the tree against environmental insults. Here, we analyzed whether this defensive strategy could be utilized to broadly enhance protection against colitis. As a proof of concept, we show that exosome‐like nanoparticles (MBELNs) derived from edible mulberry bark confer protection against colitis in a mouse model by promoting heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8 (HSPA8)‐mediated activation of the AhR signaling pathway. Activation of this pathway in intestinal epithelial cells leads to the induction of COP9 Constitutive Photomorphogenic Homolog Subunit 8 (COPS8). Utilizing a gut epithelium‐specific knockout of COPS8, we demonstrate that COPS8 acts downstream of the AhR pathway and is required for the protective effect of MBELNs by inducing an array of anti‐microbial peptides. Our results indicate that MBELNs represent an undescribed mode of inter‐kingdom communication in the mammalian intestine through an AhR‐COPS8‐mediated anti‐inflammatory pathway. These data suggest that inflammatory pathways in a microbiota‐enriched intestinal environment are regulated by COPS8 and that edible plant‐derived ELNs may hold the potential as new agents for the prevention and treatment of gut‐related inflammatory disease.
Effects of different drying methods and packaging materials on the physical and sensory qualities of tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum L.)

Fresh tomato fruits have a very limited shelf life partly due to their high moisture content and respiration rate. A possible way of storing tomato fruits is to dry and process them into powder or paste. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the effects of drying methods and packaging materials on physical and sensory qualities of powdered tomato in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Harvested fruits of tomato variety, “Rio de grande” were subjected to blanching and subsequent drying methods and packaging materials. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD); with the drying methods placed in main plot while the packaging materials in sub-plot and repeated three times before storage for twelve weeks. At four weeks of storage, oven drying method was found to be statistically different (p≤0.05) in terms of water absorption capacity value of 3.19 (mg/100g). The glass jars performed better than polythene bags in color retention, taste and consistency at four weeks of storage. The study shows that tomato fruits can be successfully dried using oven, sun and shade drying methods but preferably oven drying method. The processed powder could be successfully stored for 12 weeks or above using either glass jars or plastic container without affecting the consumer appeal and this will also reduce the postharvest losses of tomato fruits.
Ocular Manifestations, Visual Field Pattern, and Visual Field Test Performance in Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke

Purpose To analyze ocular manifestations, visual field (VF) pattern, and VF test performance in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke patients. Methods This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 118 patients (236 eyes) with TBI and stroke who had undergone VF testing by standard automated perimetry with the central 24-2 threshold test. Clinical features including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), ocular manifestations, and VF test results including VF defect pattern, reliability, and global indices were analyzed and compared between the TBI and stroke patients. Results In TBI patients, ocular manifestations included strabismus (11.1%), cataract (4.2%), and glaucoma suspect (2.8%), whereas in stroke patients, cataract (15.2%), strabismus (8.5%), diabetic retinopathy (4.9%), extraocular movement (EOM) limitation (3.0%), glaucoma suspect (3.0%), nystagmus (2.4%), drusen (1.2%), and vitreous hemorrhage (1.2%) were found. The VF test results showed that 47 eyes (85.5%) in TBI and 86 (65.2%) in stroke had VF defect; in TBI, the scattered pattern was the most common (56.4%), followed by homonymous hemianopsia (14.5%), homonymous quadrantanopia (10.9%), and total defect (3.6%), whereas in stroke, homonymous hemianopsia was the most common (31.8%), followed by scattered pattern (16.7%), homonymous quadrantanopia (12.1%), and total defect (4.5%). Only 15 eyes (27.3%) in TBI and 32 (24.2%) in stroke showed reliable VF indices. The mean deviation (MD) was −10.5 ± 7.1 dB in TBI and −9.5 ± 6.8 dB in stroke, and the pattern standard deviation (PSD) was 4.9 ± 3.3 dB in TBI and 6.1 ± 3.9 dB in stroke, without statistically significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion Various ocular manifestations were found, and a considerable proportion of patients were experiencing VF defects and showed unreliable VF test performance. Our findings suggest that accurate evaluation and rehabilitation of visual function should be a matter of greater concern and emphasis in the management of TBI and stroke patients, besides systemic diseases.
How shareholders react to sustainable narratives about leading European energy companies? An event study using sentiment data from the global database for events, language and tone (GDELT)

ABSTRACT This study aims to investigate how the shareholders of leading European energy companies value sustainability narratives. It uses news from the Global Database of Events, Location, Language, and Tone (GDELT) and analyses the cumulative average abnormal returns (CAAR) and abnormal volatilities (AV), incorporating the event study methodology. A total of 279,546 big news items were used, and 4,026 event studies were conducted. The extensive analysis of data and the segmentation of the news by tone, type of energy generation and environmental consequences helps to understand shareholders’ investment decisions. This study found that the sustainability narrative significantly impacts shareholder value; however, this narrative’s interpretation has no consensus. The sustainability news about these companies moves the stock market upwards for some shareholders, while others do the contrary. These results are observed by comparing CAAR and AV. The results found by this article are crucial for regulators to push forward an effective ecological transition. It should be legislated so that there is a common shareholders’ narrative, discouraging highly polluting investments.
Applicability of amino acid derivative reactivity assay (4 mM) for the prediction of skin sensitization by combining multiple alternative methods to evaluate key events

The amino acid derivative reactivity assay (ADRA) is an alternative method for evaluating key event 1 (KE‐1) in the skin sensitization mechanism included in OECD TG442C (OECD, 2021). Recently, we found that ADRA with a 4‐mM test chemical solution had a higher accuracy than the original ADRA (1 mM). However, ADRA (4 mM) has yet to be evaluated using integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA), a combination of alternative methods for evaluating KE. In this study, the sensitization potency of three defined approaches (DAs) using ADRA (4 mM) as KE‐1 was predicted and compared with those of two additional ADRAs or direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA): (i) “2 out of 3” approach, (ii) “3 out of 3” approach, and (iii) integrated testing strategy (ITS). In the hazard identification of chemical sensitizers, the accuracy of human data and local lymph node assay (LLNA) remained almost unchanged among the three approaches evaluated. Potency classifications for sensitization were predicted with the LLNA and human data sets using ITS. The potency classifications for the sensitization potency prediction accuracy of LLNA data using any alternative method were almost unchanged, at approximately 70%, and those with ITS were not significantly different. When ITS was performed using DPRA, the prediction accuracy was approximately 73% for human data, which was similar to that of the LLNA data; however, the accuracy tended to increase for all ADRA methods. In particular, when ITS was performed using ADRA (4 mM), the prediction accuracy was approximately 78%, which proved to be a practical level.