Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Impact of the Russia-Ukraine War on U.S. Stock Market: Event Study Analysis and Fuzzy Set Approach

: Although many studies take the event study and fuzzy set approach, there is a lack of studies on the impact of international conflict on different sectors within a country. This study uses this approach to calculate abnormal return and cumulative abnormal return to investigate the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on the U.S. Stock Market of 20 representative companies of 10 U.S. sectors. Covering a 10-day timeframe before and 10-day window following the start of the war which was on 24 February, 2022, and the estimation window is set to 300 days. The research shows that the Russia-Ukraine war has a varied influence on each of the ten industries because of the U.S. sanctions against Russia, the companies in fast-moving consumer goods sector, healthcare sector, consumer discretionary sector, industries sector and materials sector are adversely affected, but energy sector, information technology sector, communication service sector and real estate sector are not affected by the war. Unlike others, the financial sector is most adversely affected.
Meissner effect in a system of coupled one-dimensional superconducting wires: Monte Carlo simulations

conducting wires. We model the system by using an anisotropic Ginzburg-Landau free energy functional, with distinct transverse and longitudinal coupling constants. By varying the degree of anisotropy, we obtain behaviors ranging from independent wires with suppressed superconducting transition, to an isotropic superconducting system. We numerically evaluate the Meissner effect for finite-sized superconducting domains. Comparison with the experimental data for carbon nanotube-zeolite composite shows the size of the phase-coherent, superconducting domains to be small, i.e., on the order of one or a few transverse coherence lengths. We provide a consistent estimate of the material parameters for the nanotube-zeolite composite, ranging from the penetration length of transverse magnetic field to the longitudinal and transverse coherence lengths.
Book Review: Marx’s Wager: Das Kapital and Classical Sociology

Journals often ask whether a submission would fit better in another journal. Tom Kemple’s splendid book fits squarely into the frame of this one. It consists of a close reading of Capital as inter alia an aesthetic whole, focused in particular on Marx’s constant quotation of Goethe’s Faust. For Kemple, this influence goes all the way down. Marx’s ‘wager’ is not just his lost bet with Engels that he would finish volume one by the end of the summer of 1865 (p. xii, n. 3). Like Faust, sickened by existing scholarship, in his case political economy, he engages himself in a lifetime struggle against it and thereby to provide the intellectual resources for the overcoming of what Marx mostly called the bourgeois mode of production and soon came to be called capitalism. Like Faust, he will never rest on his laurels (Faulbett). As Kemple puts it, ‘my model is less Goethe’s life-long desire to transform his life into a work of art than Marx’s tireless efforts to create a literary representation of the capitalist world that might also contribute to its transformation. My own wager (hypothesis) in this book is that Faust is one of the best guides to Capital and that Capital is among our best guides to classical sociology and contemporary critical theory’ (pp. xii–xiii). A proof-reading error in the quoted passage has ‘word’ for world, but it could as well be a Freudian slip. Marx’s critique is both of the words of the classical and what he calls ‘vulgar’ political economists and of the reality which they more or less inadequately describe. And Goethe’s words are not just embellishment. In Marx’s classic discussion of commodity fetishism, for example,
Outflow from the outer Lagrangian point - observations and models of 4U 2127 + 12 in M15

MMT observations of AC 211, the optical counterpart of the high-luminosity X-ray source in globular cluster M15, are presented. The observation of Naylor et al. (1988) that the He I absorption is blueshifted by more than 100 km/s with respect to the mean velocity of the cluster is confirmed. It is shown that if the absorption occurs in a stream of gas outflowing from the L2 point of a binary system, as might be expected for a common envelope binary, both the blueshift and the unexpectedly low velocity variations of the He I lines can be understood. The model predicts that the He I velocity curve is not sinusoidal. 16 refs.
Statistics on certain large primes

Introduction. In any heuristic approach to the distribution of prime numbers, lists of primes are necessary and it is to this end that many such lists have been prepared. For primes up to 37 • 106, Lehmer [1] has made detailed comparisons with some of the conjectures of Hardy and Littlewood [2] and, more recently, primes up to 104395289 have been listed [3] and statistics compiled [4]. The purpose of this investigation has been to determine whether the conjectures concerning the number of primes, twins, triples and quadruples in a given interval x to x -fAx continue to hold for somewhat larger x than have previously been considered. The following ranges were chosen:
Exact numerical results for Poiseuille and thermal creep flow in a cylindrical tube

The FN method is used, in the field of rarefied gas dynamics, to develop a complete solution for the cylindrical Poiseuille flow and thermal creep problems. The linearized Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (BGK) model and purely diffuse reflection at the surface are used to describe the physical problem. The derived set of singular integral equations is solved by polynomial expansion and collocation. By choosing suitable FN approximations, the solution of both problems under consideration is accomplished with a single matrix inversion, minimizing computational time and effort. The converged numerical results for the flow rates and the velocity profiles are correct to four significant figures, thus supporting the results of previous authors achieved by other methods.
$X$-inner automorphisms of filtered algebras. II

We continue earlier work and compute the X-inner automorphisms of the ring of differential polynomials in one variable over an arbitrary domain. This is then applied to iterated Ore extensions. We also show that the ring of generic matrices has no nonidentity automorphisms which fix the center. In this paper we continue the study of X-inner automorphisms of filtered algebras begun in [7], which will be referred to as (I) in what follows. In (I) we described the X-inner automorphisms of the enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra, and of the ring of differential polynomials A = R[x; d] in one variable over a commutative domain R. Here we first show that the ring of generic matrices has only the trivial X-inner automorphism; equivalently, any automorphism fixing the center is the identity automorphism. We then extend our result from (I) on differential polynomials, allowing an arbitrary prime ring R as the coefficient ring. When R is a domain, we explicitly determine the group of X-inner automorphisms of A = R[x; d] in terms of R and d. We then apply these results to certain iterated Ore extensions; in particular, if the original coefficient ring is commutative, then the group of all X-inner automorphisms is abelian. In what follows, A will always denote a prime ring. Recall that a E Aut(A) is X-inner if it becomes inner when extended to the (right) Martindale quotient ring QO(A) of A; when A is an Ore domain, a is X-inner if and only if it becomes inner on the quotient division ring D of A. We shall need the following properties of QO(A): it is the (right) quotient ring of A with respect to the filter IF of all nonzero two-sided ideals (that is, QO(A) = lim ,HomA('A, A)), it is a prime ring with center C C(A) a field, called the extended center of A, and A may be imbedded in QO(A) as left multiplications. By construction, for any 0 #d x E A, there exists a nonzero I of A so that 0 =# xI c A. Fundamental in what follows is an internal characterization of X-inner automorphisms [8]. LEMMA 1. If a E Aut(A) is X-inner, say r' = s-'rs, all r E A for some s E QO(A), then there exist nonzero 'a, b E A such that sa = b and arb = b0r0a, all r E A. Conversely if arb = b0r0a, 'all r E A, for some nonzero a, b E A, then there exists s E QO(A) with sa b which induces a. Received by the editors April 23, 1982 and, in revised form, July 19, 1982. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 16A72, 16A38. ' Research supported in part by NSF grant No. MCS 81-01730. 1983 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/82/0000-0756/$02.75
Effects of rainfall intensity and underground pore density on the soil erosion mechanism of sloping maize farmland in a typical karst area of SW China

The rainfall intensity, slope, and underground pore density are major factors affecting the soil erosion of maize‐covered karst slopes. We studied the erosion process of maize‐covered karst slopes and the influencing mechanism of soil erosion on these slopes under different rainfall intensities, slopes, and underground pore density via simulated rainfall tests. The results are as follows: (1) No runoff was observed on the slope surface under light rainfall (30 mm hr−1); instead, subsurface flow was predominant. However, runoff from the surface and subsurface flows under moderate rainfall (60 mm hr−1) increased with the rainfall intensity. The average surface runoff under extreme rainfall (90 mm hr−1) was 2.3‐times that under moderate rainfall. In addition, the average subsurface runoff under extreme rainfall was 1.6‐ and 3.5‐times that under moderate rainfall and light rainfall, respectively. The total amounts of surface and subsurface soil losses increased as the rainfall intensity increased. The surface and subsurface soil losses from light to moderate and extreme rainfall events increased by 258% and 151%, respectively. The soil loss from the surface was 5.3‐times greater than that from the subsurface, indicating that the erosion of maize‐covered karst slopes mainly occurs on the surface and that the subsurface loss is relatively small. (2) As the slope angle increased, the runoff, sediment yield, and proportion of erosion on the surface increased, and vice versa. (3) The subsurface runoff and sediment yield increased as the underground pore density increased, while the opposite occurred on the surface. Multiple regression analysis showed that the rainfall intensity is the most critical factor affecting the soil erosion of maize ‐covered slopes in karst areas, followed by the slope, while the influence of the underground pore density is small.
The Cosmic Background Radiation in a Cold Big Bang

In the context of a cold big bang (CBB) cosmological model, I estimate the temperature, calculate the evolution, and discuss the anisotropies of a homogeneous radiation background emitted at high redshift by Population III objects and thermalized by a mixture of carbon/silicate dust and iron or carbon whiskers. Assuming that Population III objects supply dark matter remnants and produce the universal helium abundance of ~24%, the resulting radiation, if thermal, should have temperature 0.5 K ≲ T0 ≲ 9 K. To calculate its thermalization I limit standard dust density using constraints from maximum allowed metallicity, quasar reddening, Type Ia supernova observations, and high-redshift object visibility and assume a small mass ratio of whiskers to standard dust. For high redshift of generation (zi ≳ 100) and highly conducting, high aspect ratio (length/diameter ≳1000) iron whiskers, the final spectrum meets the FIRAS spectral distortion limits and does not exceed limits on IR-background light. Energetic considerations probably require zi ≲ 40Ωb if the observed cosmic microwave background (CMB) is star generated. Such a model is marginally viable with baryon density Ωb = 1, but probably ruled out if Ωb ≲ 0.5. I comment briefly on possible other thermalization mechanisms. In whisker-thermalized models, CMB anisotropies are imprinted at lower redshift and through somewhat different physical processes than in the hot big bang (HBB). Nonlocal thermal equilibrium of the dust causes the Sachs-Wolfe effect to disappear on small angular scales. Radiation pressure probably ejects whiskers from luminous regions such as galaxies. If significant intergalactic magnetic fields are absent, CMB radiation drag probably fixes whiskers in the CMB frame, hence large-scale Doppler anisotropies (other than the dipole) do not exist. "Intrinsic" temperature fluctuations and the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect operate essentially as in the HBB. Numerical results for the horizon, diffusion, and other length scales relevant to CMB anisotropies for fiducial thermalization models are provided. Finally, I note that CMB polarization may be higher in the whisker model than in the HBB and that acoustic oscillations should not appear in the CBB power spectrum, and I comment on the amplitude and possible frequency dependence of the anisotropies.
What Social Media Could Be: Normative Frameworks for Evaluating Digital Public Spaces

Increasing attention has been placed to the societal downsides of social media, and appropriately so. Less attention has been paid to the qualities to which social media should aspire. We contend that this is critically important. Not only must social media, and social media scholars, identify and reduce negative outcomes, but we must also critically engage with what is desirable. The purpose of this theoretical essay is to propose a normative framework for digital public spaces. We lay out four categories, and 14 sub-categories, of normative ideals to which social media could aspire. It is our hope that chronicling these qualities will allow scholars to more critically reflect on their normative assumptions when they research social media and will encourage practitioners to think about how social media could be built with these ideals in mind.
Three-dimensional structure of space-time correlation on coherent vortices generated behind dune crest

Large-scale coherent vortices such as separated vortices and kolk-boils are often observed and generated behind crests of sand dunes in fluvial rivers. The kolk-boil vortex greatly affects transport of suspended sediment which develops up to the free surface. In the present study, both visualization by dye-injection technique and turbulence measurements with a laser Doppler anemometer were conducted in order that the elemental structure of vortices could be clarified. 3-D space-time structures of the coherent vortices are discussed by evaluating conventional correlation coefficients and also by using conditional sampling techniques. Instantaneous velocity-velocity combinations at different points were simultaneously measured by means of two sets of laser Doppler anemometers and an automatic traversing system. Refined physical models of coherent vortices are proposed in the present study.
Matched Sampling for Causal Effects: The Use of Matched Sampling and Regression Adjustment to Remove Bias in Observational Studies

The ability of matched sampling and linear regression adjustment to reduce the bias of an estimate of the treatment eff ect in two sample observational studies is investigated for a simple matching method and five simple estimates. Monte Carlo results are given for moderately linear exponential response surfaces and analytic results are presented for quadratic response surfaces. The conclusions are (1) in general both matched sampling and regression adjustment can be expected to reduce bias, (2) in some cases when the variance of the matching variable differs in the two populations both matching and regression adjustment can increase bias, (3) when the variance of the matching variable is the same in the two populations and the distributions of the matching variable are symmetric the usual covariance adjusted estimate based on random samples is almost unbiased, and (4) the combination of regression adjustment in matched samples generally produces the least biased estimate.
The Nature of Iron Oxide Distribution in Some Calcareous and Gypsiferous Soils

The study area is located within two regions. The first site in Tikrit city (Tikrit University) represents gypsiferous soils and the second site represents calcareous soils in Erbil Governorate. Two pedons were chosen in Tikrit P1 (rainfed) and P2 (cultivated), and two other pedons in Erbil P3 (rainfed) and P4 ( cultivated) . Tikrit pedons showed presence of gypsum crystals of spindle and lenticular type with a length ranging between (0.2 -0.5) mm , the pores type of vughs and chamber, while the dominance of the planer and interconnected chamber pores in Erbil pedons. Iron oxides appeared in different forms of single discrete particles or Ferriargillans cutan especially in Erbil's pedons, The values ​​of iron oxides varied, as the dominance of the total, free ,and the amorphous iron oxides in Erbil pedons were ranged between (8.77 -12.81), (8.17 - 10.30), (6.82 - 9.19) g.kg-1, respectively, compared with the iron oxides themselves for Tikrit pedons, which ranged between (2.98 - 5.39), (2.45 - 4.86), (1.19 - 2.67) g.kg-1, respectively. While the amorphous iron oxide values ​​showed an increasing in the Tikrit pedons compared with Erbil pedons, as their values ​​in Tikrit ranged between (1.26 - 2.19) g. kg -1 while in Erbil pedons ranged between (1.01 – 1.81) g. kg -1.
Effect of artificial viscosity on three-dimensional flow solutions

Artificial viscosity is added either implicitly or explicitly in practically every numerical scheme for suppressing spurious oscillations in the solution of fluid-dynamics equations. In the present central-difference scheme, artificial viscosity is added explicitly for suppressing high-frequency oscillations and achieving good convergence properties. The amount of artificial viscosity added is controlled through the use of preselected coefficients. In the standard scheme, scalar coefficients based on the spectral radii of the Jacobian of the convective fluxes are used. However, this can add too much viscosity to the slower waves. Hence, the use of matrix-valued coefficients, which give appropriate viscosity for each wave component, is suggested. With the matrix-valued coefficients, the central-difference scheme produces more accurate solutions on a given grid, particularly in the vicinity of shocks and boundary layers, while still maintaining good convergence properties.
Dynamic Evolution of Cardiac Function and Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Ovariectomized Rats and the Intervention Effect of Erxian Decoction

Aims Abnormal changes in cardiac function have been reported in menopausal women, but there are few clinical studies on this topic. Erxian decoction (EXD) is a classic prescription that is widely used in the treatment of female menopausal diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamic evolution of cardiac function and glucose and lipid metabolism in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and the intervention effect of EXD. Materials and Methods The OVX climacteric rat model was established by bilateral ovariectomy. After successful modeling, the rats were randomly divided into four groups: the sham operation (SHAM) group (equal volumes of purified water), OVX group (equal volumes of purified water), estradiol (E2) group (1.8 × 10−4 g/kg), and EXD group (9 g/kg). Each group of rats was treated for 16 weeks. At the 4th, 8th, 12th, and 16th weeks after treatment, the cardiac function of the rats in each group was evaluated by ultrasound. The coaxial method was used to measure blood pressure (BP). Serum endothelin-1 (ET-1) and angiotensin-2 (Ang II) levels were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The strip method was used to measure fasting blood glucose (FBG). The serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels of rats were measured with the oxidase method. Direct methods were used to measure serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels. At week 16 of dosing, serum E2 levels were determined by E2 radioimmunoassay. The myocardium and uterus of the rats in each group were stained with HE (hematoxylin-eosin). The ultrastructure of the rat myocardium was observed by electron microscopy. Results After the 16th week of treatment, the serum E2 level decreased (P < 0.05), and the uterus was atrophied in OVX rats. The cardiac ejection fraction (EF%) decreased at 4 weeks after treatment, and systolic and diastolic function decreased after 12 weeks. After the 16th week, the EF%, which reflects the “pump” function of the heart, decreased significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). At the 4th, 8th, 12th, and 16th weeks of treatment, the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean pressure (MBP) of the rats in the OVX group increased with time (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The serum ET-1 and Ang II levels of rats in the OVX group increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In the OVX group, FBG was increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and blood lipids, especially LDL-C, were significantly increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). After the 16th week of treatment, the myocardial tissue of OVX rats showed obvious pathological changes. EXD significantly increased serum E2 levels (P < 0.01), decreased ET-1 and Ang II levels (P < 0.01), reduced the cardiac function risk factors BP, FBG, and blood lipids, and significantly improved cardiac function and structural changes in OVX rats (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Conclusions EXD can improve abnormal cardiac structure and function in OVX rats.
On the Origins of Solar EIT Waves

Approximately half of the large-scale coronal waves identified in images obtained by the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory from 1997 March to 1998 June were associated with small solar flares with soft X-ray intensities below C class. The probability of a given flare of this intensity having an associated EIT wave is low. For example, of ~8,000 B-class flares occurring during this 15 month period, only ~1% were linked to EIT waves. These results indicate the need for a special condition that distinguishes flares with EIT waves from the vast majority of flares that lack wave association. Various lines of evidence, including the fact that EIT waves have recently been shown to be highly associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs), suggest that this special condition is a CME. A CME is not a sufficient condition for a detectable EIT wave, however, because we calculate that ~5 times as many front-side CMEs as EIT waves occurred during this period, after taking the various visibility factors for both phenomena into account. In general, EIT wave association increases with CME speed and width.
Fostering Mobile Payment Adoption: A Case of Near Field Communication (NFC)

This study aims to investigate the adoption intention of NFC mobile payment services among consumers in Malaysia. Data collected from 218 respondents were analysed using Partial-Least-Square. The results reveal that consumers’ technology readiness is positively related with perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and intention to adopt NFC. Technology availability has also provided similar results regarding its relationship with perceived ease of use and intention to adopt NFC. The results also show the mediation effects of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of the technology in the relationship between technology availability and perceived usefulness, as well as between perceived ease of use and intention to adopt NFC, respectively. The findings of this study suggest the need for the industrial player to target the group of consumers who are innovative. It is also important for banking institutions to reinvent the card system to support NFC infrastructure, so that mass adoption could be created. This study fills the research voids by integrating the established mobile technology acceptance model with two constructs – consumers’ technology readiness and technology availability.