Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Evaluation of Language Regimes: Theory and application to multilingual patent organisations

Building on existing analytical frameworks, this book provides a new methodology allowing different language policies in international multilingual organisations (or “language regimes”) to be compared and evaluated on the basis of criteria such as efficiency and fairness. It explains step-by-step how to organise the evaluation of language regimes and how to design and interpret indicators for such evaluation. The second part of this book applies the theoretical framework to the evaluation of the language policy of the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) division of the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) and the European Patent Office (EPO). Results show that an increase in linguistic diversity of the language regimes of patent organisations can both improve the efficiency of the patent system and lead to a more balanced distribution of costs among countries. This book is a resource for scholars in language policy and planning and for policy-makers in the international and European patent system.
Molecular Characterization Of MDR3 And MDR4 Genes Of Aspergillus Fumigates Isolated From Lung Disease Patients

: Background : Triazoles are the mainstay of treatment for aspergillosis. However, azole resistance is an emerging problem reported worldwide in Aspergillus infection mainly caused by A.fumigatus . Increase azole resistance in A.fumigatus has reported with treatment failure and become a significant challenge in effective management of aspergillosis. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the triazole-resistant of A. fumigatus and underlying MDR pump genes in viable clinical isolates which obtained from patients suffering pulmonary infections in Thi-Qar province. Methods: The conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to confirm antifungal resistance by detecting the presence of MDR pump genes ( MDR3 and MDR4 ). Results: The results of using this technique showed that A. fumigatus isolates were positive to MDR pump genes with 90% and 96% for MDR3 and MDR4 genes, respectively. Conclusions: Our study revealed that the MDR pump genes are predominant in azole resistance isolates. Furthermore, PCR was proven to be highly effective method for identifying these genes.
Epidemiology of lameness in dairy cows

Four visits were made to 50 dairy farms in England and Wales between February 2003 and February 2004 and a further three visits to 42 of these farms between February 2005 and February 2006. At each visit the locomotion of all cows was scored (15,597 cows, 34,643 measures). Multivariable regression analyses were preformed to identify risk factors associated with increased lameness (poor locomotion). Factors associated with mean herd poor locomotion were dry cows kept in straw yards compared with cubicle houses, pregnant heifers kept with milking cows compared with dry cows in winter, passage way widths 15cm, routine trimming of claws ofall cows by a claw trimmer or by- the farmer compared with no routine claw trimming, feeding maize silage to milking cows compared with other forage types, and the use of automatic scrapers compared with tractor scrapers in the cubicle house. Farmers recorded the lesions they observed while treating lame cows. Sole ulcer, white line disease and digital dermatitis were the three most frequently recorded lesions. The occurrence of sole ulcer, white line disease or digital dermatitis compared with having no lesion was used as the outcome variable in three multilevel binomial logistic regression models with month from calving nested within cow nested within farm. Risk factors associated with increased risk of sole ulcer were being housed on sparse bedding for four months or more, having grooved concrete floors on ~e farm, large herd sizes and parity numbers of four and above. Risk factors associated with increased white line disease were grooved concrete floors increasing parity number. Risk factors associated with increased digital dermatitis were grooved concrete floors and large herd sizes. A large clinical trial was used to assess the effect of intervening on known risk factors associated with lameness. Farmers in the treatment group received farm specific recommendations grouped under five targets areas which reflected the hypothesised aetiologies of sole ulcer, white line disease and digital dermatitis. There were small reductions in locomotion score and sole ulcer rate on treatment farms compared with control. These suggested that the hypotheses that reduced standing time and encouraged increased lying time through improved cow comfort may reduce sole ulcer were, at least in part, correct. There was no clear effect of treatment on the rate white line disease and digital dermatitis. It is likely that more than one of the following factors explain the lack of significant results from these initial investigations; poor recognition oflameness by farmers, insufficient uptake of recommendations, predisposition to lameness from previous lameness event and insufficiently specific lesion definitions.
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES (AgNPs) USING HELVELLA LEUCOPUS PERS. AND THEIR ANTIMYCOTIC ACTIVITY AGAINST FUNGI CAUSING FUNGAL ROT OF APPLE

Objectives: The main objective of the present study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by green approach using Helvella leucopus and to evaluate the antimycotic activity of synthesized AgNPs against fungi causing fungal rot of apple. Methods: During the present study for green synthesis of AgNPs using H. leucopus, equal volumes of both mushroom extract (100 ml) and silver nitrate solution (100 ml) were mixed and incubated at room temperature for the bioreduction process. These synthesized AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, these synthesized AgNPs were evaluated for their antimycotic activity by spore germination method and agar well diffusion assay against different tested fungi. Results: The results revealed that strong plasmon absorbance band was observed at 420 nm which confirms the synthesis of AgNPs using H. leucopus. The synthesized AgNPs were spherical in aggregated form with size ranging from 80 to 100 nm. Furthermore, different concentrations of synthesized AgNPs caused significant inhibition in spore germination and reduction in zone of inhibition of tested fungal pathogens. The highest inhibition in spore germination by AgNPs at highest concentrations was observed against Penicillium chrysogenum followed by Aspergillus niger and Alternaria alternata, respectively. Similarly, the synthesized AgNPs at highest concentrations showed maximum zone of inhibition against P. chrysogenum followed by A. niger and A. alternata, respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded from the present study that synthesized AgNPs have good potential to be used as antifungal agents against many fungal plant pathogens. The synthesized AgNPs using mushroom fungi also have potential for the development of nanofungicides against fungal pathogens but after proper investigation.
Cooperative Localization in Mobile Robots Using Event-Triggered Mechanism: Theory and Experiments

This article addresses a new cooperative localization problem for a team of mobile robots subject to limited communication resources. First, we develop a decentralized event-triggered cooperative localization (DECL) algorithm for multirobot system such that each robot localizes itself with minimum communication exchange between robots. Then, using an event-triggered mechanism we propose an optimization framework to achieve a balance between estimation performance and communication rate. Simulation results show the main benefits of the event-triggered mechanism. Also, experimental results using four e-puck2 mobile robots demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Note to Practitioners—Multiple mobile robots are able to implement certain tasks that are beyond the capabilities of individual robots. In multirobot system, the accurate localization of each robot in the team is essential for a successful operation. Existing cooperative localization approaches neglect some realistic limitations of mobile robots, such as battery capacity and communication bandwidth. Especially, this issue is important when the number of sensors, actuators, and robots in the team increases. This article was motivated by these realistic limitations of mobile robots and it suggests a new approach for cooperative localization based on event-triggered mechanism. Motived by the aforementioned discussion, our objective is to design and implement the event-triggered cooperative localization for a group of e-puck2 robots. Our theoretical analysis and experimental results show that we achieve a tradeoff between localization accuracy and communication resources.
Jersey milk suitability for Cheddar cheese production: process, yield, quality and financial impacts

The aim of this study was to first evaluate the benefits of including Jersey milk into Holstein-Friesian milk on the Cheddar cheese making process and secondly, using the data gathered, identify the effects and relative importance of a wide range of milk components on milk coagulation properties and the cheese making process. Blending Jersey and Holstein-Friesian milk led to quadratic trends on the size of casein micelle and fat globule and on coagulation properties. However this was not found to affect the cheese making process. Including Jersey milk was found, on a pilot scale, to increase cheese yield (up to + 35 %) but it did not affect cheese quality, which was defined as compliance with the legal requirements of cheese composition, cheese texture, colour and grading scores. Profitability increased linearly with the inclusion of Jersey milk (up to 11.18 p£ L-1 of milk). The commercial trials supported the pilot plant findings, demonstrating that including Jersey milk increased cheese yield without having a negative impact on cheese quality, despite the inherent challenges of scaling up such a process commercially. The successful use of a large array of milk components to model the cheese making process challenged the commonly accepted view that fat, protein and casein content and protein to fat ratio are the main contributors to the cheese making process as other components such as the size of casein micelle and fat globule were found to also play a key role with small casein micelle and large fat globule reducing coagulation time, improving curd firmness, fat recovery and influencing cheese moisture and fat content. The findings of this thesis indicated that milk suitability for Cheddar making could be improved by the inclusion of Jersey milk and that more compositional factors need to be taken into account when judging milk suitability.
Lattice continuum-limit study of nucleon parton quasidistribution functions

Constantia Alexandrou, Krzysztof Cichy, Martha Constantinou, Jeremy R. Green , Kyriakos Hadjiyiannakou, Karl Jansen, Floriano Manigrasso , Aurora Scapellato, and Fernanda Steffens Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Kavafi Street, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland Temple University, 1925 N. 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122-1801, USA Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland NIC, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy Institut für Strahlenund Kernphysik, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 14–16, 53115 Bonn, Germany
PROBABILITY MODEL OF LOCKAGE STALLS AND INTERFERENCES

A model of lock failures as manifested by stalls or interferences and specified in terms of a logit formulation is presented in this paper. Stalls or interferences that correspond to commercial tow and recreational vessel lockages and that result from lock hardware problems or to testing or maintaining the lock or its equipment are first considered. The expected frequency of such lock failures relative to the number of commercial tow and recreational vessel lockages is then explained. These expected frequencies can be viewed as measures of reliability or interpreted as the probability that such failures will occur on any given commercial tow or recreational vessel lockage. The qualitative results corresponding to the underlying variables are consistent with expectations. The usefulness and flexibility of the model in evaluating changes in the values of these variables is demonstrated. Among other things, this demonstration suggests that many major maintenance projects relating to lock chambers can be evaluated by their consequent effect on lock failure probabilities. It is demonstrated that the extent of the renewal of a chamber in response to major maintenance can be calculated.
CRACKING AND CORROSION IN CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS

This paper looks at pavement distress (cracking and corrosion) occurring in continuously reinforced concrete (CRC) pavements in Belgium. Over 18 million sq. m of CRC pavements, including 3.5 million sq. m of overlay on old concrete and bituminous road surfacings, were constructed between 1970 and 1990. As a number of CRC sections were gradually reaching a respectable age and cracks observed in certain sections were sometimes wider than expected, the Belgian Cement Industry Collective Research Centre undertook an investigation in 1990 into the general behavior of this type of pavement. The focus was on crack spacing and on possible corrosion of reinforcements. Findings are reported here.
Association Between Physical Activity Level and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescents Living with Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and an increased rate of premature mortality from CVD. Regular physical activity can improve overall health and wellbeing and plays an important role in primary and secondary prevention of CVD. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed cardiovascular risk factors, physical activity, and fitness (and their associations) in young individuals living with T1D and healthy controls. Primary outcomes included blood pressure, lipid profiles, and physical activity (accelerometry). We included a total of 48 individuals living with T1D and 19 healthy controls, aged 12 to 17 years. Statistical differences between groups were determined with chi-square, independent-samples t-tests or analysis of covariance. The associations between aerobic fitness, daily physical activity variables and cardiovascular risk factors were assessed with univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis.Results: In comparison to healthy controls, youth living with T1D showed higher levels of total cholesterol (4.03 ± 0.81 vs. 3.14 ± 0.67 mmol·L-1, p = 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (2.31 ± 0.72 vs. 1.74 ± 0.38 mmol·L-1, p = 0.035), and triglycerides (0.89 ± 0.31 vs. 0.60 ± 0.40 mmol·L-1 p = 0.012), and lower maximal oxygen power (VO2max) (35.48 ± 8.72 vs. 44.43 ± 8.29 mL·kg-1·min-1, p = 0.003), total physical activity counts (346.87 ± 101.97 vs. 451.01 ± 133.52 counts·min-1, p = 0.004), metabolic equivalents (METs) (2.09 ± 0.41 vs. 2.41 ± 0.60 METs, p = 0.033), moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), and the percentage of time spent in MVPA. The level of HDL-C was positively associated with METs (β = 0.29, p = 0.030, model R2 = 0.17), and the level of triglycerides was negatively associated with physical activity counts (β = -0.001, p = 0.018, model R2 = 0.205) and METs (β = -0.359, p = 0.015, model R2 = 0.208) in persons living with T1D. Conclusions:Youth with T1D, despite their young age and short duration of diabetes, present early signs of CVD risk, as well as low physical activity levels and cardiorespiratory fitness compared to healthy controls. Regular physical activity is associated with a beneficial cardiovascular profile in T1D, including improvements in lipid profile. Thus, physical activity participation should be widely promoted in youth living with T1D.
Problem Solving in Clinical Medicine: From Data to Diagnosis

Compatibility: BlackBerry[registered] OS 4.1 or Higher / iPhone/iPod Touch 2.0 or Higher /Palm OS 3.5 or higher / Palm Pre Classic / Symbian S60, 3rd edition (Nokia) / Windows Mobile[trademark] Pocket PC (all versions) / Windows Mobile Smartphone / Windows 98SE/2000/ME/XP/Vista/Tablet PC.
FLOW BEHAVIOR OF KINKED STRIP DRAINS

Due to the often expressed concern over the axial deformation of strip drains and the resulting impact on flow rate, this study has been undertaken. A laboratory experiment has been constructed, evaluated, and standardized so that strip drain flow rates can be measured in a kinked, or crimped, condition and compared to flow rates in the as received condition. This device has been evaluated using a wide range of commercially available strip drains. In general, it is seen that all drains decrease in flow rate when severely kinked, but to widely varying degrees, i.e., from 9% to 100%. Furthermore, no single physical feature of the strip drain was discovered which would aim in a visual prediction of the kinked behavior. The conclusion reached is that each strip drain type must be separately evaluated under representative in situ conditions.
BRACED CUTS IN SAND AND CLAY

The excavation and bracing of cuts with depth of less than 20 feet merely require close adhesion to existing empirical rules. The earth pressure against the bracing of such cuts is a factor of secondary importance, because it is more economical to use one of the standard systems of bracing at the price of some excess material than to adapt the bracing to local soil conditions. On the other hand, the bracing of deep and wide cuts accounts for a considerable part of the total cost. Furthermore, substantial savings can often be realized by various departures from the standard methods of bracing, such as providing for a large unobstructed working space between the bottom of the cut and the lowest row of struts. In order to comply with the requirements of both safety and economy, it is necessary to make a thorough soil survey and to prepare the plans on the basis of the results of earth-pressure computations. Experience has shown that the magnitude of the total earth pressure against the bracing of cuts in sands and soft to medium saturated clays can be computed reliably on the basis of earth-pressure theories, providing the cut is not underlain by a deep deposit of clay with a metastable structure in which the maximum shear strength is exceeded as a result of the excavating operations. On the other hand, the distribution of load among struts arranged vertically cannot be predicted by earth-pressure theory. The loads for which the struts should be designed may be computed by the methods described under the preceding subheading. The application of theory or of similar procedures to the design of bracing systems for cuts in other types of soil should be carried out with caution until the reliability of the results is demonstrated by field measurements.
Percepción de actitudes nocivas en el uso de las redes sociales en los jóvenes adolescentes

Los jóvenes adolescentes se encuentran inmersos en las redes sociales a través de sus dispositivos móviles. El objetivo de la investigación se centra en analizar la percepción de actitudes nocivas entre los jóvenes adolescentes en las redes sociales. Para ello, se han seleccionado una muestra de 202 estudiantes del nivel educativo de secundaria obligatoria a quienes se les ha aplicado un cuestionario mixto (alfa 0.78) del que se ha seleccionado las unidades de información cualitativa de la narrativa de los informantes claves. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes han percibido agresiones a través de insultos y amenazas por compartir archivos fotográficos (46.03 %) en las principales redes sociales como son Instagram (61.4 %) y WhatsApp (26.2 %). Estas agresiones que sufren los estudiantes se pueden solventar si se desarrolla una formación en la inclusión digital desde edades tempranas. Esto permitirá un uso adecuado de los dispositivos móviles y una comunicación e intercambio de información en las redes sociales desde actitudes positivas. Se requiere una inclusión digital de los estudiantes para el uso crítico de los archivos que comparten a través de las redes sociales. The teenagers are immersed in social networks through their mobile devices. The objective of the research focuses on analyzing the perception of harmful attitudes among young adolescents in social networks. To do this, a sample of 202 students of compulsory secondary education level have been selected, to whom a mixed questionnaire (alpha 0.78) has been applied, from which the qualitative information units of the narrative of the key informants have been selected. The results show that students have perceived aggressions through insults and threats by sharing photographic files (46.03 %) in the main social networks such as Instagram (61.4 %) and WhatsApp (26.2 %). These aggressions suffered by students can be solved if a training in digital inclusion is developed from an early age. This will allow an adequate use of mobile devices and a communication and exchange of information in social networks from positive attitudes. It requires a digital inclusion of students for the critical use of the files they share through social networks.
The forecasting of fish production, imports and exportswith the analysis of domestic consumption and expected self-sufficiency ratio during the period 2017-2030 in Saudi Arabia. Application of VARX model

The main purpose of this research is to use augmented vector autoregressive VARX model to forecast the production of fish, imports and exports in order to compute the expected domestic consumption and analyze the self-sufficiency ratio that expected to occur during period (20172030). According to (IC) the appropriate empirical model of these group was VARX(2) model with constant and quadratic trend. From the results of conditional lest squares estimates, the statistical tests proved that the linear trend terms as well quadratic improved the predictive ability of the model. Also the quantity of both production, imports and exports lagged one and two period has significant effect, and their addition improves the predictive ability of the model. The prices of both imports and exports in their logarithmic form have a significant effect and improvement predictive ability of the model. From results of prediction, quantity consumption as well self – sufficiency ratio was computed, and the results showed that self-sufficiency ratio will decrease with 2.4% annual growth rate. The market gap will be positive and tend to narrow. the research recommended that the interest in establishing of the specialized training institutes, Supplying the incentives that encourage young people to fish, improving the factors of fish production and supplying the local production of fish at appropriate prices to consumers.