Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DRY AND WET COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH RATIOS IN CEMENT-PALM KERNEL SHELL ASH STABILIZED EARTH BLOCKS

Sustainable construction practices have gained prominence in recent years, and the utilization of natural and locally available materials such as earth blocks has become a focus of research and development. Cement-PKSA stabilization is one such technique that enhances the strength and durability of earth blocks while promoting the sustainable utilization of agricultural waste. This study investigates the mechanical properties of cement-palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) stabilized earth blocks by comparing their dry and wet compressive strength ratios. The dry compressive strength provides insight into the blocks' performance under typical environmental conditions, while the wet compressive strength assesses their resilience in moisture-prone environments. In this research, earth blocks were manufactured by varying the proportion of cement-PKSA stabilizer to soil, and samples were tested for both dry and wet compressive strength. The mean disparity between WCS and DCS ranged from approximately 20% to 44% which shows that a positive correlation exists between dry and wet compressive strengths. The experimental results highlight the influence of cement-PKSA stabilization on the compressive strength of earth blocks in different states (dry and wet). The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the suitability of these blocks for construction applications in various climates and environments, contributing to the advancement of sustainable building practices.
Intestinal Bacteria in the University of Basrah fish ponds, Iraq

Total bacterial load, total coliforms and faecal coliforms in ponds water and sediments, intestine of common carp Cyprinus carpio and birds faeces were investigated monthly over a period of one year from May 2007 to April 2008. Fish were collected randomly by a cast net from ponds of University of Basra. Total viable bacterial counts were ranging from 2.8±1.9 x 101 to 7.0±2.2 x 103 cfu ml -1 in ponds water, 4.2±2.2 x 104 to 3.8±2.5 x 106 cfu g -1 in ponds sediments, 9.2±2.6 x 104 to 10.9±2.5 x 106 cfu g -1 fish intestine and 2.0±1.4x 106 to 10.7±1.2 x 108 cfu g-l in birds faeces. The most probable number (MPN) of faecal coliforms ranged from 94±5 to ≥920±0 100 ml-1 in ponds water; while MPN ranges in sediment, common carp intestine and birds faeces were 63±18 to ≥540±0 g-l, 43±5 to ≥540±0 g-l and 240±22 to ≥540±0 g-l respectively. The abundance of normal bacteria coliforms was greater in the warm months than in the cold months. There were no sources of human faecal matter in the ponds. So, it is clear that faecal coliforms from water birds faeces significantly contaminated (P< 0.05) the ponds and common carp intestines.
High Sr/Y Magma Petrogenesis and the Link to Porphyry Mineralization as Revealed by Garnet-Bearing I-Type Granodiorite Porphyries of the Middle Cauca Au-Cu Belt, Colombia

Porphyry-style Cu (Au, Mo) mineralization is widely associated with igneous suites with Sr/Y > 40 and low heavy rare earth element (HREE) content. This geochemical signature is commonly attributed to garnet or amphibole fractionation in the lower crust where mantle derived melts evolve into intermediate composition arc suites. However, the presence of a residuum related to mineralized porphyry systems where amphibole and garnet are stable is generally inferred from geochemistry and has nowhere been documented directly. We here report on two occurrences of late Miocene garnet-bearing granodiorite porphyry at the Tesorito Au-Cu prospect in the Quinchia district and El Poma Au-Cu prospect in the Middle Cauca Au-Cu porphyry belt in Colombia. These rocks provide proof that garnet was stable in the lower crust at the time of porphyry mineralization. At both studied sites, garnet-bearing I-type granodiorite porphyries were intruded by intramineralization garnet-free plagioclase phyric granodiorite porphyries that were cut by quartz and K-feldspar veins and affected by biotite alteration. Garnet-bearing porphyries predate intramineralization porphyries by 0.4 to 2 m.y. Garnet occurs as unzoned grains, commonly included in large plagioclase phenocrysts, that in some cases also contain inclusions of igneous epidote; the latter indicating pressures of >1 GPa for early crystallized phases. Large plagioclase phenocrysts exhibit two growth stages separated by a resorption boundary. High-Al amphibole phenocrysts as well as titanite and magnetite formed after the first stage but prior to the second stage of plagioclase growth at pressures of ca. 0.9 GPa. Whole-rock geochemical compositions of garnet-bearing porphyries are consistent with only limited garnet fractionation whereas some of the intramineralization porphyries have Y 40, which is, together with other trace element indicators, taken as evidence for significant garnet fraction at depth during porphyry mineralization. HREE content of zircon in garnet-bearing porphyries are higher than that of intramineralization porphyries, which supports the interpretation that garnet fractionation in the lower crust was significant during the formation of the intramineralization porphyries. The phase relationships and geochemical data reflect a geodynamic change from an environment that permitted rapid ascent of oxidized garnet-bearing porphyries prior to Au-Cu mineralization to a regime that favored melt evolution in the lower crust where garnet was a residual phase and at the same time allowed the formation of large mid- to upper-crustal magma chambers. The latter are widely inferred to be essential for porphyry mineralization to occur.
Correlation of incubation period with resistance levels of varieties

Anthracnose, a primary disease in chili plants caused by the pathogen fungus Colletotrichum sp . , has proven significant losses by affecting harvests and inducing fruit decay. Control measures using synthetic pesticides have been implemented but yielded unsatisfactory results. The utilization of resistant varieties stands as a pertinent approach in early control efforts to minimize harvest losses. Additionally, the use of resistant varieties is a crucial component of integrated disease control implementation. This study aims to investigate the resistance levels of ten chili varieties commonly grown in swampy areas against specific isolates of Colletotrichum sp. present in swampy locations. The research, conducted in a randomized complete design in a greenhouse, tested ten varieties of cayenne pepper typically cultivated in swampy areas. The results revealed that the Hiyung variety is Susceptible, while Bara, Dewata 43 F1, Tiung Tanjung, Genie, Sekar
Variations in the response of the dune coast of northern France to major storms as a function of available beach sediment volume

A series of airborne topographic LiDAR data were obtained from May 2008 to January 2014 over two coastal sites of northern France (Bay of Wissant and east of Dunkirk). These data were used with wind and tide gauge measurements to assess the impacts of storms on beaches and coastal dunes, and particularly of the series of major storms that hit western Europe during the fall and early winter of 2013. Our results show a high variability in shoreline response from one site to the other, but also within each coastal site. Coastal dune erosion and shoreline retreat occurred at both sites, particularly on the coast of the Bay of Wissant where shoreline retreat up to about 40 m was measured. However, stability or even shoreline advance were also observed despite the occurrence of an extreme water level with a return period >100 years during the storm Xaver in early December 2013. Comparison of shoreline change with variations of coastal dune and upper beach volumes revealed only weak relationships. Our results nevertheless showed that shoreline behavior seems to strongly depend on the initial sediment volume on the upper beach before the occurrence of the storms. According to our measurements, an upper beach volume of about 30 m3 m−1 between the dune toe and the mean high water level is sufficient at these sites to protect the coastal dunes from storm waves associated with high water levels with return periods >10 years. The identification of such thresholds in terms of upper beach width or sediment volume may represent valuable information for improving the management of shoreline change by providing an estimate of the minimum quantity of sand on the upper beach necessary to ensure shoreline stability in this region. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial and temporal variability in maximum, minimum and mean air temperatures at Madhya Pradesh in central India Variabilitespatio-temporelle dans les temperatures maximales, minimales et moyennes de l'air aMadhya Pradesh, Inde centrale

A B S T R A C T In the present study, an investigation has been made to study the spatial and temporal variability in the maximum, the minimum and the mean air temperatures at Madhya Pradesh (MP), in central India on monthly, annual and seasonal time scale from 1901 to 2002. Further, impact of urbanization and cloud cover on air temperature has been studied. The annual mean, maximum and minimum temperatures are increased by 0.60, 0.60 and 0.62 8C over the past 102 years, respectively. Seasonally, the warming is more pronounced during winter than summer. The temperature decreased during the less urbanized period (from 1901 to 1951) and increased during the more urbanized period (1961 to 2001). It is also found that the minimum temperature increased at higher rate (0.42 8C) followed by the mean (0.36 8C) and the maximum (0.32 8C) temperature during the more urbanized period. Furthermore, cloud cover is significantly negatively related
Diagenesis of scleractinian corals in the subaerial vadose environment

Exoskeletons of scleractinian corals in the elevated late Pleistocene reefs on northern Barbados illustrate a series of diagenetic textures that document aragonite coral alteration under subaerial vadose conditions. Two major solution-precipitation processes are recognized: (1) concomitant solution-precipitation on a fine scale leading to preservation of coral microstructure, and (2) total leaching and destruction of the microstructure followed by later precipitation of void-filling spar. The pathway of aragonite solution is similar in both processes, and is controlled by the original coral microstructure. Solution begins in the fine equant crystallites forming the axis (center of calcification) of each trabecula and moves outward into the surrounding zone of closely packed aragonite needles by preferential solution along the linear intercrystalline contacts between needles. This results in the friable aragonite "chalk" commonly observed in Pleistocene corals. Aragonite "chalk" is also observed as a zone between aragonite and calcite in corals undergoing solution-precipitation on a fine scale. The coral microstructure is preserved by concomitant precipitation of calcite between separated aragonite needles adjacent to the calcite alteration front, incorporating minor impurities and irregularities of the original structure into the calcite crystals. This results in a new calcite texture that mimics the original aragonite one. Corals completely altered to calcite by concomitant solution-precipitation on a fine scale exhibit a coarse mosaic of blocky calcite with a relict fibrous texture. The once dark trabecular axes are preserved as a clear central canal. A similar calcite trabecular texture is observed in certain Devonian tabulate corals and other fossil calcareous organisms, suggesting that their skeletons may have been aragonite, altered to calcite in a manner similar to that described above.
Fallow Cover Crop Species and Nitrogen Rate of Fertigated Solution on Cucumber Yield and Soil Sustainability in Greenhouse Condition

Nutrient accumulation in surface soil has become a serious problem for cucumber production in greenhouse. However, still in many cases, soil management practices are only focused on maintaining crop yield, regardless of sustainability related with soil chemical properties. This study was conducted to propose a sustainable soil management practice by investigating the impact of cover crop species and nitrogen rate of fertigated solution on cucumber yield and soil chemical properties in greenhouse condition. Rye and hairy vetch were tested as a fallow cover crop, and each amount of urea (1/2, 3/4, 1 times of N fertilizer recommendations), determined by soil testing result, was supplied in fertigation plots as an additional nitrogen source. The result showed that the yield of cucumber was higher in rye treatment than control and hairy vetch treatment. In addition, rye effectively reduced EC and accumulated nutrients from the soil. Meanwhile, N concentration of fertigated solution showed no significant effect on the growth and yield of cucumber. Consequently, these results suggest that it is desirable to choose rye as a fallow catch crop for sustainable cucumber production in greenhouse.
Role of seasonal transitions and the westerlies in the interannual variability of the East Asian summer monsoon precipitation

A recent hypothesis holds that changes to the East Asian summer rainfall are characterized by changes in the timing and duration of its intraseasonal stages, controlled by the meridional position of the westerlies relative to the Tibetan Plateau. This hypothesis is examined in the context of the leading mode of East Asian summer (July–August) rainfall. One phase of this “tripole” mode—characterized by less rainfall over central eastern China and increased rainfall over northeastern and southeastern China—is tied to an earlier termination of Meiyu that results in a significantly shorter Meiyu and longer Midsummer stage. This phase also exhibits an earlier northward transition of the westerlies to the north of the Plateau, essentially mirroring the changes to precipitation seasonality. The reverse does not hold true for the opposite phase. Our results show direct observational evidence for the meridional position of the westerlies to control East Asian summer monsoon seasonality.
Atmospheric impact of the 1783 – 1784 Laki eruption : Part I Chemistry modelling

Atmospheric impact of the 1783–1784 Laki eruption: Part I Chemistry modelling D. S. Stevenson, C. E. Johnson, E. J. Highwood, V. Gauci, W. J. Collins, and R. G. Derwent Institute for Meteorology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Met Office, Bracknell, UK Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, UK Department of Earth Sciences, The Open University, UK Received: 29 November 2002 – Accepted: 16 January 2003 – Published: 6 February 2003 Correspondence to: D. S. Stevenson (davids@met.ed.ac.uk)
Impacts of recreational trails on breeding birds in forested urban parks

Recreational trails in urban parks have the potential to impact breeding birds both by modifying habitat and altering movement patterns of people and predators. In particular, reactions of nesting birds to disturbances along trails can have important consequences for parental behavior and nest survival. Behavioral responses of nesting female Northern Cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) to human disturbance were studied using both experimental and observational approaches that applied Flight Initiation Distance (FID) as a measure of sensitivity. From April – August of 2006 and 2007, I monitored the fate of 189 nests of Northern Cardinal in 11 forested riparian sites in Ohio. Sites were located within urbanizing landscapes and contained paved and unpaved recreational trails. Two experimental trials were conducted for each nest (n = 63), such that FID was recorded as each nest was approached either directly or along a trail. In addition, FID was collected during routine nest checks (n = 160) where the nest was approached directly. I hypothesized that human use of trails in urban forests influenced sensitivity of breeding birds to disturbance and altered their nest placement through habituation and self-sorting behavior. Results showed that birds were 6x more likely to flush when the nest was approached directly than when an observer passed along a trail. 29 Nest height mediated the tendency to flush somewhat, as higher nests were less likely to flush, but flush tendency was not related to distance to trail contrary to predictions. Interestingly, the distance at which a bird flushed (FID) was not significantly related to either distance to trail or nest height. I found no evidence of reproductive consequences of differences in tolerance to human disturbance nor trails themselves given that variation in daily nest survival was not explained by the immediate behavioral responses to human disturbance (FID) or by trail distance. Rather, nest success was best explained by nest height alone. Collectively, these findings suggest that behavioral responses of birds to recreational use of trails represent short-term effects and, as such, are unlikely to have important consequences at the population level. Because birds showed a much stronger tendency to flush when approached directly than when passed along a trail, this study also suggests that previous studies that used FID in response to direct approaches as an indicator of sensitivity to human disturbance may have overestimated the potential impacts of trails on nests.
Prevalence of celiac disease in Moroccan children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A 16-year cross-sectional study

Background: There is limited data available regarding the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Arab countries and the Middle East. This cross-sectional study has been designed to explore the prevalence of CD specifically within the population of Moroccan children and adolescents diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of patients who underwent regular follow-up for T1DM at the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Abderrahim Harouchi Children’s University Hospital in Casablanca, over a 16-year period from 2004 to 2020. Patients were screened for CD by measuring anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA, and those with positive antibodies underwent endoscopy assessment. Results and Discussion: All 550 patients regularly followed up with TIDM were screened for CD. Fifty-five (33 girls/22 boys) of the screened patients had histologically documented CD, yielding a prevalence of 10%. Nineteen (41.9%) patients had developed CD within the initial four years of diagnosis with T1DM. Therefore, among the six confirmed CD patients, the average age at the onset of T1DM was 3.7 years. For twenty-four (57.5%) of the patients, exhibited no apparent clinical indications of CD, and their condition was only identified through systematic screening. Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence rate of CD associated with type 1 diabetes T1DM, particularly among young children. The results of this paper indicate one of the highest prevalence rates reported in the existing literature for the coexistence of CD and T1DM. These findings may suggest the necessity of a systematic screening of CD in T1DM patients.
Growth parameters and yield per recruit analysis for the armoured catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis sampled in the low reach of the Amazonas river

Armoured catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis is an endemic fish from the Amazon basin (Brazil) and currently is the top ten target species in the regional fisheries. A total of 1200 samples were collected monthly from March 2011 to February 2012 with an average length of 28 ± 2.57 cm and average weight of 441.57 ± 103.37 g. The growth stock parameters for this species (Wt = 0.431227 * Lt2.08637; M = 0.93 year-1; F-Estimated = 0.91 year-1; F-10 = 3.02 year-1; A0.95 = 7.31 years; K = 0.41 year-1; Tr = Tc = 1.92 years; Lc = 21.14 cm; L∞= 38.85 cm; W∞ = 869.76 g) and exploitation rate (E-Estimated = 0.50; E-10= 0.80) reveal that its stocks are not being overfished in the study area. The baseline information obtained in this study can help support fisheries management strategies of P. pardalis, especially regarding the potential implementation of a policy to increase landings of individuals larger than 22.3 cm length. However, before making a final decision, it is necessary to carefully examine the available information and evidence aimed at sustainable fishing management and conservation of their stocks, which is of great cultural, social and economic importance for Amazonian peoples.
Effect of Bay (Laurus nobilis) Essential Oil on Physicochemical Properties of Alaska Pollock (Theragra chalgoramma) Surimi Nutrified with Salmon and Flaxseed Oils under Refrigerated Storage

Surimi seafood products are widely accepted and consumed in the U.S. and other parts of the world. In recent time, there has been increased demand for surimi seafood products nutrified with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as a result of their reported health benefits, but this may have a negative effect on the storage time of the product due to lipid oxidation of fatty acids (FA). Bay (Laurus nobilis) essential oil (BEO) which has demonstrated antioxidant properties was incorporated to the surimi seafood to reduce lipid oxidation thereby extending storage time. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the physicochemical properties (proximate composition, pH, water activity, texture and color) and (2) determine the fatty acid profile (FAP) and oxidation rate of surimi seafood nutrified with ω-3 PUFA-rich oils from flaxseed and salmon and stabilized with BEO during storage time. Alaska pollock surimi gels were formulated at 78% moisture by ice addition. ω-3 oils were added at 5% by replacing ice at 1:1 along with 0 (control), 0.5, 1% BEO, followed by cooking (90 0 C for 30min) in hotdog casings, vacuum packed and stored at 4 0 C for 6 days. Texture properties of surimi gels were determined by Kramer shear and texture profile analysis. Color values were measured with L*a*b*. FAP was determined with gas chromatography, lipid oxidation with TBARS. Analysis of variances was performed using two-way ANOVA (SAS, version 16.0). Proximate analyses (ash, moisture, protein, and total fat) showed differences (P<0.05) in moisture and fat between the treatments containing ω-3 rich oils stabilized with BEO and the control. Whiteness of surimi gels increased significantly with the addition of BEO between treatments and storage time. Lipid oxidation significantly decreased over storage time for treatments with 1% BEO. Addition of BEO and ω-3 rich oils had no detrimental effect on the texture of surimi gels. Significant difference (P<0.05) was observed between the FA content of surimi gels treated with flaxseed, and salmon oils and the control. These results suggest that the incorporation of BEO may allow food manufacturers
The effect of subtropical aerosol loading on equatorial precipitation

Cloud‐aerosol interactions are considered as one of the largest sources of uncertainties in the study of climate change. Here another possible cloud‐aerosol effect on climate is proposed. A series of large eddy simulations (LES) with bin microphysics reveal a sensitivity of the total atmospheric water vapor amount to aerosol concentration. Under polluted conditions the rain is suppressed and the total amount of water vapor in the atmosphere increases with time compared to clean precipitating conditions. Theoretical examination of this aerosol effect on water vapor transport from the subtropics to the tropics, and hence on the equatorial rain and Hadley circulation, is conducted using an idealized general circulation model (GCM). It is shown that a reduction in the subtropical rain amount results in increased water vapor advection to the tropics and enhanced equatorial rain and Hadley circulation. This joins previously proposed mechanisms on the radiative aerosol effect on the general circulation.