Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EMO-MoviNet: Enhancing Action Recognition in Videos with EvoNorm, Mish Activation, and Optimal Frame Selection for Efficient Mobile Deployment

The primary goal of this study is to develop a deep neural network for action recognition that enhances accuracy and minimizes computational costs. In this regard, we propose a modified EMO-MoviNet-A2* architecture that integrates Evolving Normalization (EvoNorm), Mish activation, and optimal frame selection to improve the accuracy and efficiency of action recognition tasks in videos. The asterisk notation indicates that this model also incorporates the stream buffer concept. The Mobile Video Network (MoviNet) is a member of the memory-efficient architectures discovered through Neural Architecture Search (NAS), which balances accuracy and efficiency by integrating spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal operations. Our research implements the MoviNet model on the UCF101 and HMDB51 datasets, pre-trained on the kinetics dataset. Upon implementation on the UCF101 dataset, a generalization gap was observed, with the model performing better on the training set than on the testing set. To address this issue, we replaced batch normalization with EvoNorm, which unifies normalization and activation functions. Another area that required improvement was key-frame selection. We also developed a novel technique called Optimal Frame Selection (OFS) to identify key-frames within videos more effectively than random or densely frame selection methods. Combining OFS with Mish nonlinearity resulted in a 0.8–1% improvement in accuracy in our UCF101 20-classes experiment. The EMO-MoviNet-A2* model consumes 86% fewer FLOPs and approximately 90% fewer parameters on the UCF101 dataset, with a trade-off of 1–2% accuracy. Additionally, it achieves 5–7% higher accuracy on the HMDB51 dataset while requiring seven times fewer FLOPs and ten times fewer parameters compared to the reference model, Motion-Augmented RGB Stream (MARS).
Modelling the Baltic Sea as thirteen sub-basins with vertical resolution

A mathematical model of the Baltic Sea is presented and explored. The model divides the Baltic Sea into 13 sub-basins. The dynamics in each sub-basin is reduced to a one–dimensional boundary layer problem with vertical mean velocities based upon in- and outflows from surrounding basins. The turbulent exchange coefficients are calculated using a two-equation model of turbulence. The boundary conditions consider wind stress as well as the heat exchange between water and air. Sea ice is neglected in the model; instead, the water temperature is kept at the freezing point when the temperature is below freezing. The model is tested against observations from the severe sea ice winter 1986/87 and found to simulate the surface water temperature reasonably in all sub-basins during the whole winter. The thermal response due to sea ice has, however, to be considered in some sub-basins, particularly during spring warming. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1990. 00006.x
Tumor Location Impacts the Development of Radiation Necrosis in Benign Intracranial Tumors

Simple Summary The impact of tumor location on the development of radiation necrosis is still unclear. We evaluated 205 patients with benign intracranial tumors, who underwent stereotactic radiosurgery. A total of 15.6% developed radiation necrosis after a median of 10 months. According to our data, tumors located at the skull base showed a significantly lower risk of radiation necrosis (HR 0.252, p < 0.001). The data from this study suggest that the tumor location at the skull base can affect the development of radiation necrosis in benign intracranial neoplasms. Abstract Background: Radiation necrosis (RN) is a possible late complication of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), but only a few risk factors are known. The aim of this study was to assess tumor location in correlation to the development of radiation necrosis for skull base (SB) and non-skull base tumors. Methods: All patients treated with radiosurgery for benign neoplasms (2004–2020) were retrospectively evaluated. The clinical, imaging and medication data were obtained and the largest axial tumor diameter was determined using MRI scans in T1-weighted imaging with gadolinium. The diagnosis of RN was established using imaging parameters. Patients with tumors located at the skull base were compared to patients with tumors in non-skull base locations. Results: 205 patients could be included. Overall, 157 tumors (76.6%) were located at the SB and compared to 48 (23.4%) non-SB tumors. Among SB tumors, the most common were vestibular schwannomas (125 cases) and meningiomas (21 cases). In total, 32 (15.6%) patients developed RN after a median of 10 (IqR 5–12) months. Moreover, 62 patients (30.2%) had already undergone at least one surgical resection. In multivariate Cox regression, SB tumors showed a significantly lower risk of radiation necrosis with a Hazard Ratio (HR) of 0.252, p < 0.001, independently of the applied radiation dose. Furthermore, higher radiation doses had a significant impact on the occurrence of RN (HR 1.372, p = 0.002). Conclusions: The risk for the development of RN for SB tumors appears to be low but should not be underestimated. No difference was found between recurrent tumors and newly diagnosed tumors, which may support the value of radiosurgical treatment for patients with recurrent SB tumors.
Watershed Physics: Model of the Soil Moisture Characteristic

The procedure is proposed by which reasonable estimates of the soil moisture characteristic can be obtained when a reliable curve is not available. Moisture content and pressure at air entry and at 15 bars constitute the required input parameters. The parameters are easily determined and at times can be readily abstracted from literature or estimated from published data. Applicability of the model is tested on graded sand and eight soils.
Multiyear present‐day and 2 × CO2 simulations of monsoon climate over eastern Asia and Japan with a regional climate model nested in a general circulation model

Two continuous 5-year-long simulations over eastern Asia and the Japan islands, one for present-day climate (control) and one for climate under doubled carbon dioxide concentration (2×CO2) are completed with a regional climate model (RegCM) nested, in a one-way mode, within a general circulation model (GCM). The GCM is run at R15 resolution (4.5×7.5° latitude × longitude), and the RegCM is run at 50-km grid point spacing. In the control run, both the GCM and the RegCM reproduce the seasonal migration of the westerly jet but produce too strong a monsoonal circulation, which results in a significant overestimate of summer precipitation over the eastern Asian continent. The temporal evolution of the eastern Asia summer monsoon, with steady phases separated by more rapid transitions, is reproduced, but the monsoon rain belt reaches too far north, and the occurrence of tropical storms is underestimated. Regionally averaged surface air temperatures are mostly within 1–3°C of observations. Seasonal precipitation amounts over Japan are within 10–35% of observed ones. The narrow Korea and Japan land masses, which are not captured by the GCM grid, substantially affect the simulated surface precipitation climatology in the RegCM. Under 2×CO2 forcing, warming in the range of 4–11°C is simulated, greater in winter than in summer and increasing toward high latitudes. The strength of the monsoonal circulation increases in 2×CO2 conditions, leading to a general increase in precipitation over all regions by 10–30%. The simulated precipitation change shows significant regional and, within Japan, subregional structure. The Japan and Korea land masses substantially affect the summer precipitation changes, indicating the need to capture them in numerical simulations of climate change. Because of the uncertainties in the control simulations, our 2×CO2 results are intended not to provide climate change scenarios for impact assessments, but only to illustrate the model sensitivity to different forcings. Plans are under way to further test and improve the RegCM performance over the region and to use more recent GCM simulations to drive the RegCM.
Modifying effects of alcohol use and age on the predictive performance of prehospital shock index for functional and survival outcomes in severe trauma patients

This study investigated whether the prehospital shock index (SI) could predict clinical outcomes in trauma patients, with or without pre-injury alcohol consumption, and whether this predictive capacity varied by age. We conducted a retrospective study on severe trauma patients transported to a level-1 trauma center by emergency medical services from 2015 to 2021. Our primary exposure was abnormal SI, defined as an SI ≥0.9, with in-hospital mortality and poor functional outcomes as study outcomes of interest. Multivariable logistic regression analysis estimated the effect of SI on clinical outcomes. Our findings indicated a significant association between abnormal SI and poor functional outcomes in all trauma patients (adjusted odds ratio: 2.15; 95%confidence interval: 1.41–3.28), notably pronounced in the older age group (adjusted odds ratio: 3.56; 95% confidence interval: 1.55–8.30). However, no association was found with in-hospital mortality. Importantly, among severe trauma patients who did not consume alcohol, abnormal SI was significantly associated with poor functional outcomes, irrespective of age, and with increased in-hospital mortality exclusively in the older age group. Thus, abnormal SI significantly predicted clinical outcomes in non-alcohol-consuming severe trauma patients, with the predictive power for in-hospital mortality being specifically significant in older, non-alcohol-consuming patients.
Nonlinear and dissipative dynamics in the connection region between western boundary currents and equatorial currents

The roles of nonlinearity and dissipation in connecting a western boundary current to an equatorial current are explored with a 1½ -layer numerical model. A permanent western boundary current - equatorial current system is maintained between a mass source located near the western boundary several deformation radii from the equator and a sponge layer located along the eastern boundary. When a no-slip boundary condition is used, the western boundary current separates within two deformation radii after crossing the equator to feed the eastward equatorial current. Because of equatorial scalings, flow within the connection region between these two currents is nearly nondivergent, and similarities with barotropic models of western boundary current extensions are emphasized by potential vorticity analysis. A series of experiments explores the relative importance of inertia to dissipation, measured by the Reynolds number, by varying the forcing strength. For small Reynolds numbers advection of relative vorticity out of the western boundary layer eastward results in a meandering equatorial current, which is interpreted as a damped, stationary Rossby wave. At higher Reynolds numbers, the boundary current is susceptible to horizontal shear instability, resulting in eddies which translate along the western boundary. At yet higher Reynolds numbers, eddy variability is not confined to the western boundary. Disturbances are advected out of the boundary layer, producing large (300 km diameter) eddies in the connection region. Variability also radiates eastward along the equator as free Yanai wave packets with periods between 30 and 70 days. Even in the presence of energetic eddies, net flow across the equator is due mostly to vorticity dissipation in the western boundary current. The effect of different boundary conditions is also examined. When a free-slip rather than no-slip boundary condition is used, the boundary current overshoots well outside the equatorial waveguide, but all flow returns to the equatorial region in an offshore countercurrent, and the solution is otherwise similar to solutions with a no-slip boundary condition.
An Evaluation of the Main Factors Affecting Yield Differences Between Single- and Mixed-Species Stands

In British Columbia, many of our second-growth stands have regenerated as mixed-species stands and yet our understanding of how to manage these stands to achieve multiple goals is limited. There is considerable interest and need to identify management strategies that will optimize timber production and carbon storage while maintaining biodiversity in the province’s managed forests. Careful use of mixed-species management may contribute to meeting these goals. This discussion paper reviews the published literature that compares yield in single-and mixed-species stands. The review shows that drawing any definitive conclusions on whether mixed-species stands had a higher yield than single-species stands is not possible because of the confounding influence of four key factors: 1) species composition; 2) site type; 3) density and pattern; and 4) assessment age. To plan mixed-species plantations with native species that may out-yield monocultures and have other potential benefits, silviculturists will need to extrapolate from past research and pay close attention to these factors.
Infiltration‐excess caused by Stemflow in a cyclone‐prone tropical rainforest

Tropical rainforest canopy trees that have large projected areas of upwardly inclined branches are capable of funnelling large volumes of rainwater down their trunks. During periods of prolonged heavy rainfall on Mount Bellenden Ker in northeast Queensland, Australia, stemflow volumes were found to be as much as two orders of magnitude greater than the volume of incident rainfall expected in a rain gauge occupying an area equal to the trunk basal area. Stemflow totals ranging from 6000 to 70000 litres were generated by individual trees from 7800 mm of rainfall over two successive wet seasons. The combination of high intensity rainfall and the funnelling effect results in significant quantities of infiltration-excess at the ground surface. Stemflow fluxes as high as 31.4 cm3 min−1 per cm2 of basal area (i.e. the equivalent of 314 mm min−1) were recorded when rainfall intensity was only 2 mm min−1. The mean infiltration capacity of the topsoil was determined to be 6.2 mm min−1. The areas over which the stemflow would have had to spread in order to infiltrate were computed to be as much as 3 m2 around the bases of individual canopy trees. Approximations of the distances that the infiltration-excess would have travelled away from the tree bases were calculated by assuming that the infiltration area either expands radially outward in the form of an annulus or extends straight downslope from the tree base.
Early Jurassic normal faulting in a carbonate extensional basin: characterization of tectonically driven platform drowning (High Atlas rift, Morocco)

Abstract: This paper describes a tectonostratigraphic model of the synrift evolution of the Early Jurassic High Atlas rift of Morocco. The model is constrained by mapping of a set of inverted extensional blocks, by facies analysis of carbonate platform and turbiditic to hemipelagic synrift deposits, and by high-resolution (n × 100 ka) biostratigraphy of the Early Jurassic succession. The chronostratigraphic packages of the High Atlas of Rich vary significantly in thickness, facies and architecture from one tectonic block to another. Our study shows how synrift strain varied in space and time over a long time interval (14 Ma) around the High Atlas rift. Initially, in Sinemurian time, the High Atlas rift was affected by low-strain normal faulting that controlled the growth of an extensive, low-gradient carbonate platform, except in the northern domain (towards the rift axis), where hemipelagic deposition related to high-rate faulting prevailed. Subsequently, in Carixian–Domerian time, a rapid increase in accommodation space and block subsidence caused by high-strain normal faulting brought about localized drowning of the carbonate platform and the development of calciturbidites and of starved deposits towards the rift axis. During this interval, high-strain, upper-crustal normal faulting migrated rapidly (over a period of 5 Ma) towards the rift periphery.
A Redesigned Method for CNP-Synchronized In Vitro Maturation Inhibits Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes and Improves the Developmental Potential of Porcine Oocytes

In vitro embryo production depends on high-quality oocytes. Compared with in vivo matured oocytes, in vitro oocytes undergo precocious meiotic resumption, thus compromising oocyte quality. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is a follicular factor maintaining meiotic arrest. Thus, CNP-pretreatment has been widely used to improve the in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes in many species. However, the efficacy of this strategy has remained unsatisfactory in porcine oocytes. Here, by determining the functional concentration and dynamics of CNP in inhibiting spontaneous meiotic resumption, we improved the current IVM system of porcine oocytes. Our results indicate that although the beneficial effect of the CNP pre-IVM strategy is common among species, the detailed method may be largely divergent among them and needs to be redesigned specifically for each one. Focusing on the overlooked role of cumulus cells surrounding the oocytes, we also explore the mechanisms relevant to their beneficial effect. In addition to oocytes per se, the enhanced anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative gene expression in cumulus cells may contribute considerably to improved oocyte quality. These findings not only emphasize the importance of screening the technical parameters of the CNP pre-IVM strategy for specific species, but also highlight the critical supporting role of cumulus cells in this promising strategy.
Meat Juice and Oral Fluid as Alternatives to Serum for Aujeszky Disease Monitoring in Pigs

Aujeszky Disease Virus (ADV) is a double-stranded DNA virus with a lipoprotein envelope. The natural hosts of the infection are Suidae, but the virus can infect many other mammals. The gold-standard method identified by the WOAH for the diagnosis of Aujeszky disease is the ELISA method. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of meat juice and oral fluid matrices using a commercial ELISA kit designed for serum. A total of 80 blood and oral fluid samples were collected from four pig farms selected for this study. Diaphragm muscle samples of about 100 g and blood samples were collected from 213 animals at the abattoir. These biological matrices were collected from the same animals and tested using a competitive ELISA kit to detect antibodies against ADV. The relative accuracy of the meat juice compared to that of the serum was 96.7% (95% CI: 93.3–98.7%), with 206 correct results out of 213. The relative accuracy of the oral fluid compared to that of the serum was 61.3% (95% CI: 49.7–71.9%), with 58 correct results out of 80. Meat juice has a better combination of sensitivity and specificity than oral fluid. The usage of meat juice in routine diagnostic examinations could be achieved after further investigations to optimize the procedure.
Bayesian Binary Quantile Regression for Modelling Injectable Contraceptive Uptake Among Child Bearing Women in Kenya

: Injectable contraceptives are methods of contraception that is administered through injection. In the recent times, injectable contraceptives have been preferred to other modern contraceptives by child bearing women which implies that there are factors contributing to this surge in the usage of injectable contraceptives. Currently in Kenya, injectable contraceptives are the most used methods of modern contraceptives. In addition, most studies have used logistic regression to model modern contraceptives but logistic regression focuses only in conditional mean (central quantile of the response variable). Bayesian quantile regression involves application of Bayesian techniques to quantile regression where the continuous Asymmetric Laplace Distribution (ALD) is used to formulate the likelihood used for posterior estimation. The main objective of this study was to model injectable contraceptive uptake among child bearing women using Bayesian binary quantile regression in Kenya. The study used nationally representative cross sectional secondary data obtained from PMA (Performance monitoring for Action) which was collected from November to December 2021 targeting women of child bearing age (15-49 years). Data analysis was done using R software. Bayesian quantile regression model parameters were estimated using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Gibbs sampling for 5 different quantiles (0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 0.95) and convergence diagnostics was performed to assess the convergence of generated MCMC posterior samples to target posterior distribution. Convergence diagnostics are very crucial in Bayesian statistics to ensure accuracy and reliability of the inferences drawn from model posterior distribution. Convergence was achieved based on Gelman and Rubin’s diagnostics for all parameters being less than 1.1 implying accuracy of model parameters. The uptake of injectable contraceptives was found to be greatly influenced by wealth quintile, level of education, marriage status of woman and the number of birth events to a woman. More specifically, women in highest wealth quintile had lower likelihood of using injectable contraceptives as compared to those in the lowest quintile, those who are widows, divorced and never married had lower likelihood of using injectable contraceptives compared to the currently married women, women with primary and secondary education levels were more likely to use injectable contraceptives compared to women with no education, increase in the number of birth events negatively influences the uptake of injectable contraceptives. This study concluded that marital status, birth events, education level and wealth quintile are significant predictors of injectable contraceptive uptake in Kenya.
Model dynamics of summertime low‐level jets over northwestern Mexico

Using a fine-scale nested regional modeling system, the diurnal forcing of summertime low-level winds over the Gulf of California and northwestern Mexico is investigated. On diurnal timescales, simulated nocturnal low-level jets develop over the northern portion of the Gulf, the foothills of the Sierra Madre Occidental, and parts of southern Arizona. The southerly component of the nocturnal jet is the result of a geostrophic balance involving the Coriolis force and a cross-gulf pressure gradient force associated with nighttime slope cooling over the elevated Sierra Madre Occidental. Additionally, horizontal temperature gradients over the sloped orography produce vertical variations in this cross-gulf pressure gradient force, generating the jet-like vertical shear in wind components above the nocturnal boundary layer; frictional effects are responsible for producing shear in the wind profiles below the boundary layer. This balance is distinctly different from the inertial balance that is believed to be responsible for the low-level jet over the Great Plains region of the United States. Daytime winds are part of a directly driven wind field forced by horizontal pressure gradients associated with slope heating (up the Sierra Madre Occidental) and sea-land temperature gradients (north of the Gulf). During synoptically forced surge events, a similar diurnal cycle in low-level flow is still present; however, the local thermal forcing appears to be superimposed upon the large-scale synoptic forcing, resulting in weaker up-slope flow during the day and stronger along-slope flow at night.