Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Gut Microbiota of Puppies from Birth to Weaning

Simple Summary The literature in this review paper provided a recent perspective on the gut microbiome of newborn puppies. It was generally accepted that microbial colonization of newborns begins at birth, but some studies have reported evidence that suggests a healthy uterus is not always sterile and that the fetus at term already harbors bacteria. The microbiota development can occur during fetal life and can later be shaped by the type of parturition, colostrum, milk and lactation, environment, and food interactions. The studies suggested that the type of delivery, the maternal microbiota and their metabolites, and the diet of the mother influence the microbial community of a litters’ gut microbiota, which could be an important factor for the survival of newborns. The importance of the microbial composition of the mother for the development and growth of puppies deserves further study. Abstract The review described the most important factors affecting the development of the intestinal microbiota in puppies from birth to weaning. The health and well-being of the microbiome in puppies is influenced by the type of parturition, the maternal microbiota, and the diet of the mother, directly or indirectly. The isolation of bacteria in dogs from the placenta, fetal fluids, and fetuses suggests that colonization could occur before birth, although this is still a matter of debate. Accordingly, newborn puppies could harbor bacteria that could be of maternal origin and that could influence microbial colonization later in life. However, the long-term impacts on health and the clinical significance of this transfer is not yet clear and needs to be investigated. The same maternal bacteria were found in puppies that were born vaginally and in those delivered via cesarean section. Potentially, the relationship between the type of parturition and the colonization of the microbiome will influence the occurrence of diseases, since it can modulate the gut microbiome during early life. In addition, puppies’ gut microbiota becomes progressively more similar to adult dogs at weaning, as a consequence of the transition from milk to solid food that works together with behavioral factors. A number of researches have investigated the effects of diet on the gut microbiota of dogs, revealing that dietary interference may affect the microbial composition and activity through the production of short-chain fatty acids and vitamins. These compounds play a fundamental role during the development of the fetus and the initial growth of the puppy. The composition of the diet fed during pregnancy to the bitches is also an important factor to consider for the health of newborns. As far as it is known, the effects of the type of parturition, the maternal microbiota, and the diet on the microbial colonization and the long-term health of the dogs deserve further studies. Definitely, longitudinal studies with a larger number of dogs will be required to assess a causal link between microbiome composition in puppies and diseases in adult dogs.
MARADIV: Library of MAGIC-Based Approximate Restoring Array Divider Benchmark Circuits for In-Memory Computing Using Memristors

Among various arithmetic circuits, dividers are one of the costliest in terms of area, energy, and delay. Hence, approximate divider designs have been implemented to reduce their cost for error-resilient applications. However, approximate dividers based on memristors for in-memory computing (IMC) have not received any attention. In this brief, we propose a library of 16 by 8 approximate restoring array dividers suitable for memristor-based IMC that can be used as benchmark circuits. We developed these benchmark circuits by performing an exhaustive design space exploration based on functional approximation. We used the state-of-the-art mapping tool, SIMPLER, to perform the mapping of the divider design to the memristor crossbar. We identified the Pareto optimal approximate divider designs based on the MAGIC design style with varying output qualities. We compare our Pareto optimal designs with the existing state-of-the-art CMOS-based approximate divider designs when mapped to IMCs. We also performed a case study on two image processing applications. Overall we propose MARADIV, a library of MAGIC design style-based approximate restoring array divider benchmark circuits tailored for memristor-based IMC. We believe that MARADIV’s benchmark designs can be used for future research in this direction. Hence, all Pareto optimal approximate restoring array divider designs will be made available at https://github.com/agra-uni-bremen/tcasii2022-maradiv-lib.
HYDRODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS OF SHIPS WITH FIXED OBSTACLES

The hydrodynamic interactions of a slow-moving vessel with a shoreline or an obstacle in shallow water are investigated using slender-body theory. With the assumption that the free surface is rigid, the problem is shown to be equivalent to studying the flow about a porous airfoil moving near an irregular boundary in the horizontal plane. A numerical procedure is developed based on the availability of an "obstacle Green function. " Theoretical results indicate that the vessel experiences an attractive force and a bow-in moment during the approach toward a wedge-shaped obstacle, such as a pier or a breakwater, regardless of the angle of approach. For a vessel approaching a side bank at an angle, the theory yields results consistent with the so-called "bank-rejection" phenomenon.
Up-Regulation of Astrocytic Fgfr4 Expression in Adult Mice after Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to persistent neurological deficits without available curative treatment. After SCI astrocytes within the lesion vicinity become reactive, these undergo major morphological, and molecular transformations. Previously, we reported that following SCI, over 10% of resident astrocytes surrounding the lesion spontaneously transdifferentiate towards a neuronal phenotype. Moreover, this conversion is associated with an increased expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (Fgfr4), a neural stem cell marker, in astrocytes. Here, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of gene therapy upon Fgfr4 over-expression in mature astrocytes following SCI in adult mice. We found that Fgfr4 over-expression in astrocytes immediately after SCI improves motor function recovery; however, it may display sexual dimorphism. Improved functional recovery is associated with a decrease in spinal cord lesion volume and reduced glial reactivity. Cell-specific transcriptomic profiling revealed concomitant downregulation of Notch signaling, and up-regulation of neurogenic pathways in converting astrocytes. Our findings suggest that gene therapy targeting Fgfr4 over-expression in astrocytes after injury is a feasible therapeutic approach to improve recovery following traumatism of the spinal cord. Moreover, we stress that a sex-dependent response to astrocytic modulation should be considered for the development of effective translational strategies in other neurological disorders.
Delta Radiomics Model Predicts Lesion-Level Responses to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patients with Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Preliminary Result

Background: This study aimed to develop and internally validate computed tomography (CT)-based radiomic models to predict the lesion-level short-term response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive patients with RCC that were treated using TKIs as the first-line treatment. Radiomic features were extracted from noncontrast (NC) and arterial-phase (AP) CT images. The model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: A total of 36 patients with 131 measurable lesions were enrolled (training: validation = 91: 40). The model with five delta features achieved the best discrimination capability with AUC values of 0.940 (95% CI, 0.890‒0.990) in the training cohort and 0.916 (95% CI, 0.828‒1.000) in the validation cohort. Only the delta model was well calibrated. The DCA showed that the net benefit of the delta model was greater than that of the other radiomic models, as well as that of the treat-all and treat-none criteria. Conclusions: Models based on CT delta radiomic features may help predict the short-term response to TKIs in patients with advanced RCC and aid in lesion stratification for potential treatments.
The smart-home study: A feasibility study to pilot the use of smartphone technology to identify environmental falls risk factors in the home

Introduction While occupational therapy home assessments are effective to identify environmental falls risk factors, patients may not receive these services due to workforce distribution and geographical distances. Technology may offer a new way for occupational therapists to conduct home assessments to identify environmental fall risks. Objectives To (i) explore the feasability of identifying environmental risk factors using smartphone technology, (ii) develop and pilot a suite of procedures for taking smartphone images and (iii) examine the inter-rater reliability and content validity between occupational therapists when assessing smartphone images using a standardised assessment tool. Method Following ethical approval a procedure was developed and participants recruited to submit smartphone images of their bedroom, bathroom and toilet. Two independent occupational therapists then assessed these images using a home safety checklist. Findings were analysed using inferential and descriptive statistics. Results Of 100 volunteers screened, 20 individuals participated. A guideline for instructing patients to take home images was developed and tested. Participants averaged 9.00 minutes (SD 4.401) to complete the task, whilst occupational therapists took approximately 8 minutes to review the images. The inter-rater reliability between the two therapists was 0.740 (95% CI: 0.452–0.888). Conclusion The study found that use of smartphones was to a large extent feasible and conclude that the use of smartphone technologies is a potential complimentary service to traditional home visits. The effective prescription of equipment in this trial was identified as a challenge. The impact on costs and potential falls incidents remains uncertain and more research is warranted in representative populations.
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) Expression by Immunohistochemistry and Its Clinical Significance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Single-Center Analysis

Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a member of the tyrosine kinase receptor family. It has been identified as an oncogene and is associated with poor outcomes in multiple tumor types. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), there are contradictory data regarding the HER2 expression and its role in tumor development and progression. Some studies have identified HER2 expression as an early event during tumorigenesis, which decreases with progression and metastasis. Additional data provided evidence that treatment with anti-HER2 therapy resulted in local response and reduction in the metastasis rate in HCC mice models. Methods: Patients with histological diagnoses of HCC between 2010 and 2020 were included. HER2 staining was performed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and scoring was done in accordance with the gastric cancer guidelines as 0, 1+, 2+, and 3+. Clinicopathological features were accessed by medical records. This study aims to evaluate HER2 expression by IHC in HCC and to correlate this expression with some clinicopathological features such as Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging, number of hepatic lesions, alpha-fetoprotein level, underlying liver disease, presence of liver cirrhosis, Child-Pugh score, and tumor recurrence. Results: A total of 57 specimens from 54 patients were included. Of the patients, 85% were men, and the median age at diagnosis was 71 years (interquartile range: 59-75 years). Regarding stage, 61% were at stage 0-A of BCLC. Of the patients, 57% had a solitary HCC nodule. Concerning treatment, surgery was performed in 50% of the patients. HER2 expression was identified in seven patients: five in the membrane and two in the cytoplasm. Concerning the membrane staining, HER2 expression was scored as 1+/2+ in 7.4% (n = 4 patients). Of the patients with HER2 expression, four had a BCLC stage of 0-A and a single HCC nodule; alpha-fetoprotein was <400 ng/mL in all cases. There was no correlation to clinicopathological features. In one patient with HER2 2+ expression at diagnosis, this expression was not identified at tumor progression. Median disease-free survival in HER2 with IHC scores 1+/2+ and cytoplasmatic was 38 months versus 22 months in HER2 with a score of 0 (p = 0.604). Conclusions: HER2 expression is a rare event in HCC. It was not possible to identify any relation to clinicopathological features. However, when we relate our data to previous trials, HER2 appears to be an early event in the course of HCC.
Training in the Initial Range of Motion Promotes Greater Muscle Adaptations Than at Final in the Arm Curl

Objective: The effects of ROM manipulation on muscle strength and hypertrophy response remain understudied in long-term interventions. Thus, we compared the changes in strength and regional muscle hypertrophy after training in protocols with different ranges of motion (ROM) in the seated dumbbell preacher curl exercise using a within-participant experimental design. Design and methods: Nineteen young women had one arm randomly assigned to train in the initial ROM (INITIALROM: 0°–68°; 0° = extended elbow) while the contralateral arm trained in the final ROM (FINALROM: 68°–135°), three times per week over an eight-week study period. Pre- and post-training assessments included one repetition maximum (1RM) testing in the full ROM (0°–135°), and measurement of biceps brachii cross-sectional area (CSA) at 50% and 70% of humerus length. Paired t-tests were used to compare regional CSA changes between groups, the sum of CSA changes at 50% and 70% (CSAsummed), and the strength response between the training protocols. Results: The INITIALROM protocol displayed a greater CSA increase than FINALROM protocol at 70% of biceps length (p = 0.001). Alternatively, we observed similar increases between the protocols for CSA at 50% (p = 0.311) and for CSAsummed (p = 0.111). Moreover, the INITIALROM protocol displayed a greater 1RM increase than FINALROM (p < 0.001). Conclusions: We conclude that training in the initial angles of elbow flexion exercise promotes greater distal hypertrophy of the biceps brachii muscle in untrained young women. Moreover, the INITIALROM condition promotes a greater dynamic strength increase when tested at a full ROM compared to the FINALROM.
Interpretation of Soft Skills in Archives

To meet the demands of the workplace, archivists need to understand how soft skills develop. Digital technology development is a task that needs to be accelerated right away. This article attempts to discuss the findings of studies on how archivists work from home (WFH) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia led to developing soft interpretative skills. A case study approach was employed in this descriptive qualitative research. Questionnaires and interviews were used as the primary data-collecting methods for samples from the local government, the business sector, and ANRI. The findings demonstrated that the perception of soft skills has evolved into an implicative function rather than a meaning-based one. Based on the study's findings, it was determined that soft skills provide an essential and crucial purpose, precisely the demand for digital literacy. It was also determined that the implementation of WFH during the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the use of digital literacy abilities.
Kekuatan Keterangan Saksi Verbalisan Ditinjau Dari Segi Pembuktian

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kedudukan saksi verbalisan di dalam KUHAP, dan juga mengetahui faktor apa yang menyebabkan sehingga saksi verbalisan dihadirkan di dalam proses persidangan serta dapat mengetahui bagaimana kekuatan pembuktian terhadap keterangan saksi verbalisan Penelitian ini dilaksanankan di Pengadilan Negeri Makassar, dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif lapangan dengan cara turun langsung kelapangan dengan melakukan wawancara dengan hakim, selain itu penulis juga mengambil landasan teoritis dengan mempelajari buku-buku, karya ilmiah, artikel-artikel dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan judul skripsi dan masalah objek penelitian. Adapun hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, yaitu: 1) Kedudukan Saksi verbalisan tidak diatur di dalam KUHAP namun mengenai makna dari saksi verbalisan yaitu hakim mengambil dasar hukum dari putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 65/PUU-VIII/2010. Sebagai dasar hukum saksi verbalisan. 2) Faktor yang menyebabkan sehingga saksi verbalisan dihadirkan dalam proses persidangan karena terdakwa atau saksi menyangkali perbuatannya atau tidak mengakui kesalahan-kesalahan yang terdapat di dalam Berita Acara Penyidikan. (BAP).
Safe Deep Reinforcement Learning for Microgrid Energy Management in Distribution Networks With Leveraged Spatial–Temporal Perception

Microgrids (MG) have recently attracted great interest as an effective solution to the challenging problem of distributed energy resources’ management in distribution networks. In this context, despite deep reinforcement learning (DRL) constitutes a well-suited model-free and data-driven methodological framework, its application to MG energy management is still challenging, driven by their limitations on environment status perception and constraint satisfaction. In this paper, the MG energy management problem is formalized as a Constrained Markov Decision Process, and is solved with the state-of-the-art interior-point policy optimization (IPO) method. In contrast to conventional DRL approaches, IPO facilitates efficient learning in multi-dimensional, continuous state and action spaces, while promising satisfaction of complex network constraints of the distribution network. The generalization capability of IPO is further enhanced through the extraction of spatial-temporal correlation features from original MG operating status, combining the strength of edge conditioned convolutional network and long short-term memory network. Case studies based on an IEEE 15-bus and 123-bus test feeders with real-world data demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method in improving MG cost effectiveness, safeguarding the secure operation of the network and uncertainty adaptability, through performance benchmarking against model-based and DRL-based baseline methods. Finally, case studies also analyze the computational and scalability performance of proposed and baseline methods.
Low-luminosity active galaxies: Are they similar to Seyfert galaxies?

A careful X-ray study of five low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs) was conducted to address specifically the issue of whether the dominant X-ray production mechanism is the same at all luminosities in AGNs. The sample consists of three Seyfert 1 galaxies (NGC 4639, NGC 5033, and NGC 5273), and two low-ionization nuclear emission-line regions (NGC 3642 and NGC 4278) having a weak broad component of H-alpha emission. We find that the X-ray emission (ROSAT High Resolution Interferometer (HRI)) is mostly or entirely nuclear (less than or approximately = 500 pc) despite the low X-ray luminosities (approximately 9 x 10(exp 40) ergs/s) of the sample. The correlation between X-ray luminosity and the broad H-alpha emission-line luminosity observed in high-luminosity active galaxies continues down to the low-luminosity range; the mean L(sub X)/L(sub H-alpha) ratio of LLAGNs is approximately 14, while that of AGNs is approximately 29. ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) observations of three LLAGNs in our sample indicate that the 0.2-2.2 keV X-ray spectral energy distributions are similar to those seen in Seyfert nuclei but do not have high intrinsic absorbing columns. Using existing ultraviolet data for four LLAGNs, we find that the 'optical' (2500 A) to X-ray spectral index (alpha(sub OX)) has an average upper limit of 1.6; for comparison, the measured value in AGNs is typically 1.4, while that in M81 (the prototypical LLAGN) is 1.0.
Antifungal Resistance of Clinical Candida albicans Isolates in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: The present systematic review aimed to investigate the drug susceptibility patterns of Iranian clinical Candida albicans isolates to antifungal drugs (azoles, polyenes, and echinocandins). Methods: Six electronic databases including “PubMed,” “Scopus,” “Web of Science,” “IranDoc”, “SID”, and “Magiran” were searched from May 2000 to June 2021. The susceptibility of 6322 C. albicans strains from 19967 patients against 14 antifungal drugs was evaluated according to CLSI method. Results: The pooled prevalence of antifungal resistance ranged from 0% to 26%. The lowest resistance levels among azoles were observed in luliconazole with a frequency of 0% and voriconazole of 3.94%. Conclusion: Due to the emergence of multi-drug resistant C. albicans, rational drug prescription based on the anti-fungal stewardship strategy and therapeutic drug monitoring is warranted.
Vibrational spectroscopy characterization of low level laser therapy on mammary culture cells: a micro-FTIR study

Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is an emerging therapeutic approach for several clinical conditions. The clinical effects induced by LLLT presumably go from the photobiostimulation/photobioinibition at cellular level to the molecular level. The detailed mechanism underlying this effect is still obscure. This work is dedicated to quantify some relevant aspects of LLLT related to molecular and cellular variations. This goal was attached by exposing malignant breast cells (MCF7) to spatially filtered light of a He-Ne laser (633 nm) with 28.8 mJ/cm2 of fluency. The cell viability was evaluated by microscopic observation using Trypan Blue viability test. The vibrational spectra of each experimental group (micro- FTIR technique) were used to identify the relevant biochemical alterations occurred due the process. The red light had influence over RNA, phosphate and serine/threonine/tyrosine bands. Light effects on cell number or viability were not detected. However, the irradiation had direct influence on metabolic activity of cells.
A Comparative Study: Similarities and Differences between Indonesia’s Curriculum and Philippine’s Curriculum

The school curriculum of Indonesia has changed three times over the same period since 2004. Meanwhile the new curiculum of Philippine was changed in 2012. This study attempted to compare Indonesia 2013 curriculum (K13) with Philippine curriculum K to 12 (K12) regarding their development and enacment while also uncovering the embedded cultural values and influences on both curricula. The discussion also tried to investigate how the two curricula have impacted different stakeholders involved. This research was conducted by reviewing the collated official curriculum documents published by education ministry of the two countries and analysing facts and issues emerged from related studies and articles. The study reveals that the similarity of both curricula reforms lies at the fact that both curricula are deliberately reformed in response to the actual needs of society in each country. Meanwhile, the difference might be seen from the lens of curricula purposes in which K13 was designed to strengthen social and religious values while K-12 was focused on the development of knowledge and skills. The findings suggest that Indonesian curriculum needs to be made more practical instead of being too philosophical while gradual and continuous evaluation in necessary aspects is more recommended than total reforms which tend to result in longer adaptation and transition process.