Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dorsal attention network activity during perceptual organization is distinct in schizophrenia and predictive of cognitive disorganization

Visual shape completion is a canonical perceptual organization process that integrates spatially distributed edge information into unified representations of objects. People with schizophrenia show difficulty in discriminating completed shapes, but the brain networks and functional connections underlying this perceptual difference remain poorly understood. Also unclear is whether brain network differences in schizophrenia occur in related illnesses or vary with illness features transdiagnostically. To address these topics, we scanned (functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI) people with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or no psychiatric illness during rest and during a task in which they discriminated configurations that formed or failed to form completed shapes (illusory and fragmented condition, respectively). Multivariate pattern differences were identified on the cortical surface using 360 predefined parcels and 12 functional networks composed of such parcels. Brain activity flow mapping was used to evaluate the likely involvement of resting‐state connections for shape completion. Illusory/fragmented task activation differences (‘modulations’) in the dorsal attention network (DAN) could distinguish people with schizophrenia from the other groups (AUCs > .85) and could transdiagnostically predict cognitive disorganization severity. Activity flow over functional connections from the DAN could predict secondary visual network modulations in each group, except in schizophrenia. The secondary visual network was strongly and similarly modulated in each group. Task modulations were dispersed over more networks in patients compared to controls. In summary, DAN activity during visual perceptual organization is distinct in schizophrenia, symptomatically relevant, and potentially related to improper attention‐related feedback into secondary visual areas.
Co‐substrate composition is critical for enrichment of functional key species and for process efficiency during biogas production from cattle manure

Cattle manure has a low energy content and high fibre and water content, limiting its value for biogas production. Co‐digestion with a more energy‐dense material can improve the output, but the co‐substrate composition that gives the best results in terms of degree of degradation, gas production and digestate quality has not yet been identified. This study examined the effects of carbohydrate, protein and fat as co‐substrates for biogas production from cattle manure. Laboratory‐scale semi‐continuous mesophilic reactors were operated with manure in mono‐digestion or in co‐digestion with egg albumin, rapeseed oil, potato starch or a mixture of these, and chemical and microbiological parameters were analysed. The results showed increased gas yield for all co‐digestion reactors, but only the reactor supplemented with rapeseed oil showed synergistic effects on methane yield. The reactor receiving potato starch indicated improved fibre degradation, suggesting a priming effect by the easily accessible carbon. Both these reactors showed increased species richness and enrichment of key microbial species, such as fat‐degrading Syntrophomonadaceae and families known to include cellulolytic bacteria. The addition of albumin promoted enrichment of known ammonia‐tolerant syntrophic acetate‐ and potential propionate‐degrading bacteria, but still caused slight process inhibition and less efficient overall degradation of organic matter in general, and of cellulose in particular.
Infrastructural Facilities and Livelihood Activities of Rural Dwellers in Katsina State, Nigeria

The role of infrastructural facilities in increasing the productive potentials and livelihood activities of rural populace has never been in doubt. Against this background therefore, the study, examined the state of infrastructural facilities provisions and effect on livelihood activities of rural dwellers in Katsina State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 224 respondents. Structured interview schedule was used to collect information on respondents’ socio-economic characteristics, availability and conditions of rural infrastructural facilities, livelihood activities, constraints and perceived effect of rural infrastructural facilities. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Most respondents were within 21-30 years of age, married, and had Quranic education and farming as primary occupation. Skills acquisition centres, storage facilities and secondary schools were among non-available infrastructural facilities while processing centres, storage and skills acquisition centres were in poor conditions. Levels of involvements in non-farm and off-farm/processing activities were low while high for agricultural activities. Most respondents’ overall level of perception on effect of infrastructural facilities on their livelihood activities was low. Also, levels of perceptions of the effect of infrastructural facilities on non-farm and off-farm/processing activities were low while level of perception on agricultural activities was high. Significant relationships existed between sex (χ2 =58.017, <p = 0.05), household size (χ2 = 5.393, <p = 0.05) and respondents’ perceived effect of infrastructural facilities. Also, significant correlations existed between age (r = 0.143, access (r = -0.232), condition (r = -0.130), constraints (r = 0.143) and respondents’ perceived effect of infrastructural facilities on their livelihood activities. Low effect of infrastructural facilities was informative to the abysmal level of infrastructural provisions and state of available ones in the area. Providing infrastructural framework based on people’s felt needs and implementing same accordingly is germane to improved livelihood activities in the area.
A tale of two logics: how solidarity and threat perceptions shape immigrant attitudes towards immigration in Western Europe

Abstract Scholars have paid considerable attention to the attitudes of host societies towards immigration. However, relatively little is known about whether and under which conditions immigrants themselves support immigration more or less than those without a migration background. This study argues that immigrant attitudes towards immigration are motivated by two competing logics, solidarity and threat, with each logic being activated under different circumstances. Specifically, the relative strength of the two logics depends on factors relating to (1) the immigrants themselves (e.g. how long they have been living in their host country), (2) the type of immigration in question (i.e. characteristics of the prospective immigrants) and (3) certain conditions in the host country (particularly the presence or absence of discrimination and assimilation pressure). Evidence from the European Social Survey in 15 West European countries over a period of 18 years (2002–2019) supports these theoretical expectations.
Association between Metabolic Phenotypes of Body Fatness and Incident Stroke: A Prospective Cohort Study of Chinese Community Residents

This study aimed to assess the association of body mass index (BMI)-based and waist circumference (WC)-based metabolic phenotypes with the risk of stroke among Chinese community residents. A total of 34,294 participants (mean ± standard deviation age: 56.05 ± 11.26 years) with no previous stroke diagnosis history were included in this cohort study. BMI-based metabolic phenotypes were classified into eight groups: metabolically healthy and normal weight (MHNW), metabolically healthy and underweight (MHUW), metabolically healthy and overweight (MHOW), metabolically healthy and obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy and normal weight (MUNW), metabolically unhealthy and underweight (MUUW), metabolically unhealthy and overweight (MUOW), and metabolically unhealthy and obese (MUO). WC-based metabolic phenotypes were classified into four groups: metabolically healthy and normal WC (MHNWC), metabolically healthy and oversized WC (MHOWC), metabolically unhealthy and normal WC (MUNWC), and metabolically unhealthy and oversized WC (MUOWC). The association of these phenotypes with developing stroke events was examined using proportional hazards models. A total of 546 cases of first-stroke onset were recorded over a median follow-up time of 4.97 years. Compared with the reference group, the obesity phenotypes showed higher risks for stroke. The adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of MHUW, MHOW, MHO, MUNW, MUUW, MUOW, and MUO phenotypes were 1.01 (0.41, 2.49), 1.47 (1.09, 2.00), 1.33 (0.80, 2.22), 2.49 (1.87, 3.30), 3.92 (1.44, 10.72), 2.14 (1.64, 2.79), and 2.60 (1.91, 3.55), respectively. The adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of MHOWC, MUNWC, and MUOWC were 1.41 (1.02, 1.94), 2.25 (1.76, 2.87), and 2.16 (1.63, 2.87), respectively. The metabolic phenotypes defined by an alternative definition all showed significant positive associations (except for MHUW), with the adjusted HR ranging from 1.51 to 3.08 based on BMI and from 1.68 to 2.24 based on WC. The risk of stroke increased with the increase in metabolic abnormality numbers in different BMI and WC groups (all p trend < 0.001). The present study suggests that maintaining normal body weight or WC and improving metabolic health are of great significance in preventing cerebrovascular diseases.
Pengecualian Dividen Sebagai Objek Pajak Penghasilan Dalam Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja

Melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2021 tentang Cipta Kerja, sejak tanggal 2 November 2021, dividen dikecualikan sebagai objek Pajak Penghasilan. Sebagai konsekuensi logis atas ‘dikeluarkan’-nya salah satu objek yang selama ini menjadi sumber penerimaan negara, pengecualian dividen sebagai objek PPh, berpotensi menyebabkan penurunan penerimaan negara. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengukur potensi dampak atas pengecualian dividen sebagai objek PPh dalam UU Cipta Kerja terhadap penerimaan negara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, dengan pendekatan simulasi. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan diketahui bahwa dalam jangka pendek, pengecualian dividen sebagai objek PPh berpotensi menyebabkan penurunan penerimaan negara. Namun dalam jangka panjang, dapat berdampak pada peningkatan penerimaan negara, seiring dengan meningkatnya investasi di Indonesia.
A new non-iterative inversion method for electrical resistance tomography

In this paper, the inverse problem of resistivity retrieval is addressed in the frame of electrical resistance tomography (ERT). The ERT data is a set of measurements of the dc resistances between pairs of electrodes in contact with the conductor under investigation. This paper is focused on a non-iterative inversion method based on the monotonicity of the resistance matrix (and of its numerical approximations). The main features of the proposed inversion method are its low computational cost requiring the solution of O(n) direct problems, where n is the number of parameters used to represent the unknown resistivity, and its very simple numerical implementation.
Broadband Sequential Load Modulated Balanced Amplifier With Extended Design Space Using Second Harmonic Manipulation

This article presents the design methodology of a broadband radio frequency (RF)-input sequential load modulated balanced amplifier (SLMBA) with extended high-efficiency design space, by introducing the second-harmonic load manipulation over an enlarged range for the control amplifier (CA). The extension of CA load design space not only can provide the time-domain-varying drain current waveform inside the entire design continuum but also allows maintaining high efficiency at output power back-off (OBO) over an extended operation bandwidth. To validate the theory, a broadband SLMBA operating at 2.05–3.65 GHz was designed and fabricated using packaged gallium nitride (GaN) transistors. The implemented power amplifier (PA) attains a measured 45.2–46.8-dBm peak output power. Drain efficiency (DE) of 61.2%–79.7% at saturation and 50.5%–66.2% at 8-dB OBO is achieved throughout the designed bandwidth. When tested with a 100-MHz long-term evolution (LTE) signal with a peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) of 8 dB, the proposed SLMBA achieves 50.7%–63.5% average DE over 2.05–3.55 GHz and better than −45.1 dBc adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) after digital predistortion (DPD).
Combined basin-scale and decentralized flood risk assessment: a methodological approach for preliminary flood risk assessment

ABSTRACT In this study, we focused on a combined basin-scale and decentralized approach (municipalities) to riverine flood risk mapping and assessment in the Gidra River Basin (Slovakia). The methodology applies a direct spatial and probabilistic relation among the physical processes of riverine flooding with a given vulnerability. First, we calculated the design peak discharges using a rainfall generation model and rainfall-runoff model – in particular, the Stochastic Rainfall Generator (STORAGE) and the Continuous Simulation Model for Small and Ungauged Basins (COSMO4SUB). After that, we used the obtained flood scenarios for hydraulic modelling with the Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (HEC-RAS). The modelled flood extent, flow depth, and flow velocity were considered hazard indicators. The results were expressed in terms of a flood hazard index (FHI), flood vulnerability index (FVI), and flood risk index (FRI): the highest values were obtained for municipalities located in the northern-central part of the investigated area.
Circumstellar Material in Algol: A Study of the Balmer Line Profiles

The kinematics and spatial distribution of the circumstellar H II structures in Algol (β Persei) have been found from a study of the Balmer Hα, Hβ, and Hγ line profiles. The main focus of the study was the Hα line profile which contained contributions from the circumstellar material. Since these contributions were weak, they were enhanced by removing the composite theoretical photospheric line profiles of the three stars in Algol from the observed line profile. These residual or difference profiles were studied to provide a model for the circumstellar gas in Algol. The 98 IIIa-F (4700-6700 A) photographic spectra which were used in the analysis were obtained over 15 months during 1976 and 1977 and cover the entire orbit of the Algol binary, with a resolution of approximately 0.02 in phase
The effect of psychological bias on public officials’ attitudes towards the implementation of policy instruments: evidence from survey experiments

Abstract As implementers, public officials have historically enjoyed substantial influence in the public policy process, but little attention has been paid to the effect of psychological elements on their attitudes towards implementing policy instruments. The authors argue that from a behavioural public administration perspective, public officials’ attitudes towards implementing certain policy instruments are not rational, but instead biased. Using two survey experiments on 1,024 Chinese public officials, this study examines the cognitive and motivational bias of public officials’ attitudes towards implementing policy instruments. The findings indicate that when public officials are presented with risk information in a negative framing, they are more reluctant to implement indirect policy instruments than direct ones, and this phenomenon becomes more pronounced when their public interest orientation is activated, rather than their personal interest orientation. The findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of the effect of psychological biases on public officials’ attitudes towards policy implementation.
LATERAL AND ROCKING VIBRATION OF FOOTINGS

Numerical data are presented for the steady-state response of a rigid circular disk, or footing, supported at the surface of an elastic halfspace and excited by a harmonically varying horizontal force and a harmonically varying overturning moment. The disk is considered to be massless. The response quantities evaluated include the displacements of the disk in the directions of the exciting forces, the rotation due to the horizontal force, and the distributions of the contact stresses beneath the disk. Data are also presented for the stiffness and damping coefficients in an equivalent spring-dashpot representation of the disk-foundation system. The major displacement components are finally compared with those determined from two previously reported approximate solutions, including one based on an assumed distribution of the contact pressure.
Including patients and caregivers in assessment in the pediatric competence by design curriculum: A national consensus study

Abstract Although evidence supports diverse assessment strategies, including patient/caregiver involvement in Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME), few residency programs formally include patients/caregivers in assessment. We aimed to determine the milestones for which patient/caregiver inclusion would be valuable in the Canadian Pediatric Competence By Design (CBD) curriculum. Program directors from 17 Canadian pediatric residency programs were invited to participate in a Delphi study. This Delphi included 209 milestones selected by the study team from the 320 milestones of the draft pediatric CBD curriculum available at the time of the study. In round 1, 16 participants representing 13 institutions rated the value of including patients/caregivers in the assessment of each milestone using a 4-point scale. We obtained consensus for 150 milestones, leaving 59 for re-exposure. In round 2, 14/16 participants rated remaining items without consensus. Overall, 67 milestones met consensus for ‘valuable,’ of which 11 met consensus for ‘extremely valuable. ’ The majority of these milestones related to communication skills. Patient/caregiver assessment is valuable for 21% of milestones in the draft pediatric CBD curriculum, predominantly those relating to communication skills. This confirms the perceived importance of patient/caregiver assessment of trainees in CBME curricula; formal inclusion may be considered. Future directions could include exploring patients/caregivers’ perspectives of their roles in assessment in CBD.
Recent applications of dioxinone derivatives for macrocyclic natural product and terpenoid synthesis

Dioxinone derivatives, a class of acetoacetate derivatives, have attracted widespread attention because of their multiple reactive sites, high reactivity, unique chemical properties, and potential synthetic applications. The dioxinone group is also stable under a wide range of reaction conditions, including strong acids, as well as a variety of transition-metal-catalysed processes, such as olefin metathesis and Pd-mediated cross-coupling. The inherent reactivity and diverse applications of dioxinones make them valuable reactive intermediates in organic synthesis. The conversion of dioxinones to acylketenes and their subsequent nucleophilic capture is also an excellent strategy for synthesising β-keto acid derivatives, which can be applied even in complex molecular synthesis. This review focuses on the recent advances in the application of dioxinones in synthetic method research and the total synthesis of natural products, highlighting the exceptional utility of these synthetic methodologies in the construction of macrocyclic cores and terpenoid skeletons. In particular, successful transformations of dioxinone fragments are discussed.
Average Packet Decoding Delay Minimization for Rate-Aware Buffered Instantly Decodable Network Codes

Buffered instantly decodable network coding (B-IDNC) can cache the non-instantly decodable network packets (NIDPs) containing two wanted packets for subsequent network decoding. This letter proposes a cross-layer scheme named as rate-aware B-IDNC (RA-B-IDNC) by jointly considering the B-IDNC decision at the network layer and transmission rate adaption at the physical layer to minimize the average packet decoding delay. Due to the intractability of the considered problem, we approximate it as maximizing the recovery rate which is defined as the ratio of the total number of instantly decoded packets to the transmission time. We design two graphs named as RA-B-IDNC encoding graph which reflects the encoding relations among the vertices of the graph, and RA-B-IDNC decoding graph which indicates the decoding relations among the wanted packets of each receiving node by exploiting its buffered NIDPs. Using these graphs, the approximated problem can be formulated as a maximum weight encoding clique problem. Simulation results demonstrate that RA-B-IDNC can reduce the average packet decoding delay compared with the existing algorithms in the literature.
The modified star excursion balance test for the detection of the risk of injury in elite handball female players

Background: Elite handball female players are at high risk of injury to the lower limbs. The modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT) is efficient in detecting players with a risk of injury. However, performed once before the season, the mSEBT cannot determine with precision when the injury will occur. Purpose: The objective of the study was to investigate if a repeated measure of mSEBT across the season would help in identifying with precision the period at risk of injury for each player. Methods: Eleven elite female handball players took part in the study. The mSEBT was measured weekly for 25 weeks and the injuries were recorded. Composite Scores (CS) and distances on each axis were computed for both legs of each player. The 94% cut-off on the composite score and the 4 cm difference between the right and left leg on the anteroposterior axis (ANT) was investigated for each player. Results: Five players reported injury. The 94% cut-off on the CS and the 4 cm difference on ANT were not significant indicators of risk of injury in our study. However, for each injured player, a drop in the composite score was noticed the week before the injury. Conclusion: We propose the drop of CS as an indicator for the detection of the risk of injury in a follow-up of elite athletes using repeated mSEBT. This indicator allows the detection of injury a week before it occurs. Further work is needed to confirm, investigate and validate this indicator.
A Preliminary Validation of the Polish Version of the Comprehensive Intellectual Humility Scale (CIHS)

Background In the last few years, empirical research on intellectual humility has grown notably, involving the elaboration of promising measures that provide a different outlook on the construct. Although all of them offer valid, theoretically sound, and meaningful contributions, we selected the 22-item Comprehensive Intellectual Humility Scale (CIHS) by Krumrei-Mancuso and Rouse for validation. The rationale for choosing this questionnaire for Polish validation stands in its multidimensional nature, which enables the study of various nuances of this psychological concept. Methods The research was carried out with the participation of 260 adults (Study 1) and 210 adults (Study 2). The respondents completed a Polish translation of the original version of the CIHS, the Gratitude Questionnaire—Six Item Form (GQ-6), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and the Positive Orientation Scale (P-Scale). Results The findings obtained in both studies support the four-factor model of the CIHS with the higher order factor. The good fit indices of the CFA and MGCFA show the psychometric solidity of the 22-item structure of the Polish version of the CIHS. With respect to convergent validity, the validation study (Study 2) confirmed that gratitude, self-efficacy, and positive orientation are significant correlates of the CIHS. Conclusion Since intellectual humility is still a little-known psychological construct, both as a concept and as a possible antecedent or consequence, it would be worth examining it in the future with other variables of an intraindividual and interindividual nature.