Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus Loss from Soil to Water

Phosphorus in agriculture and its environmental implications estimating the contribution from agriculture to the phosphorus load in surface water phosphorus losses from agriculture to surface waters in the Nordic countries reconstructing historical phosphorus concentrations in rural lakes using diatom models the dynamics of phosphorus in freshwater and marine environments the behaviour of soil and fertilizer phosphorus setting and justifying upper critical limits for phosphorus in soils phosphorus fertilizer strategies - present and future sources and pathways of phosphorus loss from agriculture hydrologic and chemical controls on phosphorus loss from catchments loss of phosphorus in drainage water sustainable phosphorus management in agriculture phosphorus requirements for animal production nutrient management planning a European fertilizer industry view on the retention and loss of phosphorus in and from agricultural soils the European perspective phosphorus loss in surface runnoff, leaching and erosion catchment studies, modelling and management phosphorus status of soils and fertilizer recommendations.
Volcanoes, Fluids, and Life at Mid-Ocean Ridge Spreading Centers

▪ Abstract The recent recognition of a potentially vast, unexplored hot microbial biosphere associated with active volcanism along the global mid-ocean ridge network has fundamentally shifted concepts of how planets and life coevolve. Many processes intrinsic to the dynamics of the spreading center volcanic system provide partial or complete nutritional fluxes that support diverse microbial communities that thrive under extreme conditions on and beneath the seafloor. Mantle melting, volcanism, and fluid-rock reactions transport volatiles from the asthenosphere to the hydrosphere. Volcanic heat and exothermic reactions drive circulation of nutrient-rich fluids from which chemosynthetic organisms gain metabolic energy. In turn, many of these organisms symbiotically support macrofaunal communities that populate the vents. Long-term seafloor observatories will allow exploration of linkages between volcanism and this newly discovered biosphere. Such approaches may provide essential new information about our ow.
Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Responses of Eastern Box Turtles (Terrapene carolina) When Trapped Between Railroad Tracks

Human transportation infrastructures, such as roads, can adversely affect animal populations via fragmentation (Forman and Alexander 1998; Mader 1984) and habitat deterioration due to construction (Ritters and Wickham 2003), changes in predator/ prey concentrations (Dijak and Thompson 2000) and vegetation composition (Angold 1997), and the spread of invasive species (Tyser and Worley 1992) (for summary references see Forman et al. 2003). Direct mortality has been demonstrated for many animals, including mammals (Groot Bruinderink and Hazebroek 1996; Havlin 1987), and amphibians and reptiles (e.g., Ashley and Robinson 1996; Hels and Buchwald 2001; Smith and Dodd 2003). Other land transportation networks, such as railroads, can result in direct mortality due to collisions with trains, although this has been primarily documented for mammals (see Van Der Grift 1999 for review). Although some lizards may benefit from railroad structures (Blanke 1999), the railroad bed itself may be lethal for smaller animals that can become trapped between the rails, where they may be susceptible to predation or physiological stress. Railroads can also form barriers, either physically (inability to cross) or behaviorally (avoidance), that can result in fragmented populations (Groot Bruinderink and Hazebroek 1996). For example, Van Der Grift (1999) points out that few Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) are killed by trains, but the structure of the railroad may act as a barrier to movement. Eastern Box Turtles (Terrapene carolina) are found throughout most forests of the eastern United States. In many regions, their habitat is traversed by railroads. Points where roads intersect railroads (i.e., railroad crossings) likely increase the probability of turtles entering and becoming trapped between railroad rails. Apparent railroad-induced mortality has been documented for T. carolina due to individuals becoming trapped between the rails (Dodd 2001; Palmer and Braswell 1995). Anecdotal evidence of 10–15 T. carolina shells of varying sizes in a 5-km section of railroad in north Florida, suggests that turtles have difficulty crossing or escaping from between the rails (Pierson Hill, pers. comm.). In this study, we examine the potential impacts of railroads on T. carolina by testing their ability to escape from between railroad tracks. Additionally, we estimate the temperatures that T. carolina experience while trapped. Finally, we use Geographic Information System (GIS) data to determine the likelihood of a turtle encountering potential entry and exit points along railroads within our study area.
Influence of Heat on Seed Germination of Cistus laurifolius and Cistus ladanifer

The influence of high temperatures on germination of Cistus laurifolius and Cistus ladanifer seeds was analyzed. Seeds were subjected to different temperatures for different times, afterwards they were sowed in plastic petri dishes and monitored for germinated seeds over two months.The germination rate observed in Cistus ldanifer was greater than in Cistus laurifolius. In both species, heat increased germination percentages. For Cistus laurifolius higher temperatures or longer exposure times were needed. Germination percentages of Cistus ladanifer were lower when heat exposure time was 15 minutes.It must be emphasized that germination occurred when seeds were not treated, while seeds exposed to 150°C for 5 minutes or more did not germinate.
Free-Vortex Theory Applied to Free Overfalls

When the flow from an open channel is discharged freely into the air, the depth at the brink can be often closely correlated with the flow rate. Free-vortex velocity distribution and curvature are used to simulate the flow at the brink of smooth horizontal channels of various cross sections. A summary of the analysis is given herein for exponential channels of rectangular, triangular, and parabolic cross sections. The final theoretical values are also given for trapezoidal and circular cross sections. The final relationships for the case of jetted shooting flow just upstream of the end section of a rectangular channel are also given.
The single-serve wine option in South African restaurants: product involvement, risk perception and information-related behavioural effects

ABSTRACT Wine is a highly-valued-added end product of an important agricultural value chain. In this product category, the single-serve wine by-the-glass (WBG) option in restaurants presents a largely underutilized business opportunity. Academic research examining consumer behavioural psychology-based constructs in the situational consumption context of restaurants, has also not kept pace with this market reality. Hence, this study establishes how product involvement, risk perception, and information processing, affect consumption of WBG by consumers in the situational milieu of restaurants. Following scale validation by conducting confirmatory factor analysis and thereafter fitting a structural equation model, the relationships between constructs are examined by utilising a sample of 1,038 South African consumers representative of dining across all restaurant categories. The findings contribute to the literature by showing that distinct motivational relationships exist between the involvement and perception of risk constructs and information-related behaviour of consumers engaging with the WBG option in restaurants. The stable nature of consumers' enduring involvement with wine products evokes motivational processing by triggering situational involvement upon purchasing WBG and perception of risk arousal of both the cognitively-evaluated (psychological, social and functional) and non-cognitively-evaluated (financial, physical and time) risk types.
Advances in Helicobacter pylori vaccine research: From candidate antigens to adjuvants—A review

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram‐negative, spiral‐shaped bacterium that infects approximately 50% of the world's population and has been strongly associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric mucosa‐associated lymphoma, and gastric cancer. The elimination of H. pylori is currently considered one of the most effective strategies for the treatment of gastric‐related diseases, so antibiotic therapy is the most commonly used regimen for the treatment of H. pylori infection. Although this therapy has some positive effects, antibiotic resistance has become another clinically prominent problem. Therefore, the development of a safe and efficient vaccine has become an important measure to prevent H. pylori infection.
City Limits?: The Impact of Annexation on the Frequency of Municipal Incorporation in North Carolina

Studies by urban scholars have revealed that new cities (those incorporated in the second half of the 20th century) are often created to provide public services, have social and/or economic exclusionary ambitions, or are developed as tax havens for the wealthy. Likewise, many of these same studies also suggest that cities incorporate to protect themselves from the threat of annexation. However, very little quantitative research has been conducted on understanding the relationship between annexation and municipal incorporation. In fact, Feiock and Carr (2001) state that scholars have tended to "intellectually divorce" one form of local government boundary change from another. One study that has attempted to examine this relationship was Rigos and Spindler's (1991) study. Their state level analysis of municipal incorporation determined that "the fear of impending annexation is one of the most powerful stimuli for the creation of new cities" (Rigos and Spindler 1991, p 80). This study will build upon their previous work by examining the relationship between annexation and municipal incorporation in North Carolina at the county level.
Mesozoic Decapod Diversity with an Emphasis on the Early Cretaceous (Albian) of Spain

Decapod crustaceans are known to have lived in a variety of sedimentary environments in the geological past including reefs. This dissertation focuses on fossil decapods found mainly in reef environments, specifically coral reefs. For that purpose, the Early Cretaceous (late Albian) reefal carbonates from the Koskobilo quarry of the Albeniz Unit within the Eguino Formation in northern Spain were sampled for decapods during parts of the summers of 2008, 2009, and 2010. In total, 36 decapod species were found in this quarry based on 1100 specimens. Seventeen new species and eight new genera are described herein. The fauna from Koskobilo consists of brachyuran and anomuran decapods; shrimp and lobsters are absent. Based on an overview of decapod-rich localities and formations from the Cretaceous, the Koskobilo locality and the Eguino Formation appear to be the most diverse known thus far, both on the species and genus level. Other Cretaceous localities and formations associated with corals also show high decapod diversities, consistent with high decapod abundances in coral reefs from the Recent. The highest decapod diversity within the Koskobilo quarry is found in association with in situ branching corals. The specimens found at this site are statistically smaller than those from other decapod-rich localities in the quarry, which are not associated with these corals. Decapod diversity throughout the Mesozoic varies significantly with a peak diversity in the Late Jurassic on the species level. Based on the collection of ecological data from all ~1300 Mesozoic decapods, it appears that this peak is in part caused by the explosive radiation of brachyuran and anomuran decapod species in coral and, to a lesser extent, sponge reefs, coincident with a high eustatic sea level. The drop in diversity of anomuran and brachyuran species near the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary was probably caused by the collapse of reefs due to a lowering of the eustatic sea level. More decapods have been found in the mid-Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous, possibly due to a radiation of Brachyura, coincident with a high eustatic sea level. To highlight the vast development of decapods during the Mesozoic the term 'Mesozoic Decapod Revolution' is proposed.
Skin Graft for Treatment of Crippled Hypospadias

Background : Hypospadias is one of the most frequent birth defects, with an incidence of 1 in every 300 births. After several attempts at hypospadias surgery, the term ‘ crippled hypospadias ’ has been used to describe patients with un-resolved functional problems. Aim of the work : To evaluate the outcome of a two-stage skin graft for the treatment of crippled hypospadias regarding graft uptake and penile reconstruction. Patients and method : This clinical study was conducted in Al-Azhar University Hospital on 15 cases presenting with crippled hypospadias from May 2021 to Oct 2022. After preoperative preparation, all patients were submitted for two-stage skin graft urethroplasty. Results : At the end of the study, we found a high success rate of 86 %, with one case of glanular disruption and one case of ﬁ stula requiring reoperation. Conclusion : We conclude that certain instances of repair failure have been attributed to the use of scarred skin to conceal the repaired urethra. Our current strategy for these dif ﬁ cult redo hypospadias surgeries is a two-stage repair if the urethral plate is extensively damaged.
Biosymbiotic 3-D-Printed Planar Inverted-F Antenna

This article demonstrates a 3-D-printed antenna designed for unobtrusive wearable applications operating in the 915 MHz UHF band. The antenna possesses desirable biosymbiotic characteristics to enhance its wearability, including flexibility, stretchability, breathability, and permeability. Specifically, the design adopts a serpentine meshed configuration to construct a low-profile planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA). The dielectric properties of the applied 3-D-printing material and the corresponding 3-D-printing fabrication features are investigated for optimization of the PIFA structure. The antenna input impedance is not only restrained to the scope of 50- $\Omega $ impedance matching, but can be also extended by design to complex values, allowing freedom of direct integration with radio frequency identity (RFID) or wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. The measured results demonstrate that the proposed PIFA owns a stable bandwidth of 4.3% regardless of the body influence, with a realized gain of 0 and −4.9 dBi in the OFF-body and ON-body scenarios, respectively. Additionally, the antenna performance is stable within the mechanical deformation regime naturally occurring on the body. In comparison with other 3-D-printing antennas for OFF-body communications, the proposed serpentine meshed PIFA owns attractive biosymbiotic characteristics and satisfactory electromagnetic performance for direct deployment on the skin.
Three dimensional simulation of flow field around series of spur dikes

Erosion of the banks and bed of natural and manmade channels is a common problem in water resources management. Spur dikes in rivers and streams such as the Mississippi River are used to prevent bank erosion and to keep the main channel navigable. Scour around these dikes can be a serious problem, weakening structural stability. Three-dimensional models are often used in engineering design to determine mean and turbulence flow field around these dikes. However, a universal turbulent model that is valid for all cases of turbulent flow in open channels currently does not exist. Some turbulent closures offer advantages over others in specific turbulent flow fields depending on the nature of turbulence. Therefore, a three-dimensional numerical model, FLOW-3D, is used to simulate the turbulent flow field around a series of three spur dikes in flat and scoured bed. This study examined one equation mixing length model, standard two-equation e − k model, Renormalization Group (RNG) e − k model and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model. Experimental data from a laboratory study of flow in a flat bed and scoured bed around a series of three dikes were used to verify the results from the numerical model. Although the simulated mean flow field is close to the experimental data, the simulated turbulence properties from different turbulent model deviate considerably. Modeling results using the standard e − k model showed over 50% discrepancy from the measured turbulent kinetic energy. The RNG e − k model yielded better results of both mean flow field and turbulence kinetic energy for the flat bed surface and scoured bed surface. Based on these results, this study recommends the use of RNG e − k model for simulating mean flow field around dikes. Further improvements of FLOW-3D model is needed for predicting turbulence properties (e.g. TKE) near this series of spur dikes under various flow conditions.
Mapping the Evolution of Cybernetics: A Bibliometric Perspective

In this study, we undertake a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the cybernetics research field. We compile a dataset of 4856 papers from the ISI Web of Science database spanning 1975–2022, employing keywords related to cybernetics. Our findings reveal an annual growth rate of 7.56% in cybernetics research over this period, indicating sustained scholarly interest. By examining the annual progression of scientific production, we have identified three distinct periods characterized by significant disruptions in yearly publication trends. These disruptions have been thoroughly investigated within the paper, utilizing a longitudinal analysis of thematic evolution. We also identify emerging research trends through keyword analysis. Furthermore, we investigate collaborative networks among authors, their institutional affiliations, and global representation to elucidate the dissemination of cybernetics research. Employing n-gram analysis, we uncover diverse applications of cybernetics in fields such as computer science, information science, social sciences, sustainable development, supply chain, knowledge management, system dynamics, and medicine. The study contributes to enhancing the understanding of the evolving cybernetics landscape. Moreover, the conducted analysis underscores the versatile applicability across various academic and practical domains associated with the cybernetics field.
Ice core evidence for a 20th century decline of sea ice in the Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica

[1] This study uses ice core methanesulphonic acid (MSA) records from the Antarctic Peninsula, where temperatures have been warming faster than anywhere else in the Southern Hemisphere, to reconstruct the 20th century history of sea ice change in the adjacent Bellingshausen Sea. Using satellite‐derived sea ice and meteorological data, we show that ice core MSA records from this region are a reliable proxy for regional sea ice change, with years of increased winter sea ice extent recorded by increased ice core MSA concentrations. Our reconstruction suggests that the satellite‐observed sea ice decline in the Bellingshausen Sea during recent decades is part of a long‐term regional trend that has occurred throughout the 20th century. The long‐term perspective on sea ice in the Bellingshausen Sea is consistent with evidence of 20th century warming on the Antarctic Peninsula and may reflect a progressive deepening of the Amundsen Sea Low due to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations and, more recently, stratospheric ozone depletion. As a first‐order estimate, our MSA‐based reconstruction suggests that sea ice in the Bellingshausen Sea has retreated southward by ∼0.7° during the 20th century. Comparison with other 20th century sea ice observations, reconstructions, and model simulations provides a coherent picture of Antarctic sea ice decline during the 20th century, although with regional‐scale differences evident in the timing and magnitude of this sea ice decline. This longer‐term perspective contrasts with the small overall increase in Antarctic sea ice that is observed in post‐1979 satellite data.
Clinical evaluation of premonitory urges in children and adolescents using the Chinese version of Individualized Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale

Background Premonitory urges (PUs) have been the focus of recent efforts to assess the severity and develop interventions for tic disorders (TD). We aimed to investigate the PUs in TD and its comorbidities from multiple dimensions, using the Chinese version of the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (C-PUTS) and the Chinese version of the Individualized Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (C-IPUTS), in order to provide perspectives for the diagnosis and management of TD in children and adolescents. Methods A total of 123 cases were included in the study. The IPUTS was translated, back-translated, culturally adjusted, and pre-investigated to determine the items of the C-IPUTS. The reliability and validity of the C-IPUTS scale were evaluated by a questionnaire survey on children and adolescents with TD at the Developmental Pediatrics Department of the Second Hospital of Jilin University. Meanwhile, the C-PUTS, which had been evaluated and used in China, Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS), Screen for Childhood Anxiety-Related Disorders (SCARED), Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and Swanson, Nolan and Pelham, Version IV (SNAP-IV), were used to assess the association of PUs with tics and comorbidities of TD. Results All dimensions of the C-IPUTS demonstrated good reliability and validity. Our findings suggested that PUs in children and adolescents in China occurred primarily at the head/face and neck/throat. The different dimensions of the C-IPUTS (number, frequency, and intensity) and C-PUTS were positively correlated with the YGTSS total score, while the C-PUTS was positively correlated with the Y-BOCS, SCARED, DSRS, and SNAP-IV scale total scores. The three dimensions of the C-IPUTS demonstrated correlations with anxiety severity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Conclusion The C-IPUTS can be used to assess PUs reliably and effectively and provide further information for the C-PUTS from various dimensions in a Chinese setting. PUs relate to obsessive-compulsive symptoms, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity, and behavioral problems in children and adolescents with TDs. Accordingly, PUs evaluation using the C-IPUTS combined with the PUTS might provide useful information for future therapies for TDs to achieve greater tic reduction.