Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LEAF: Latent Exploration Along the Frontier

Self-supervised goal proposal and reaching is a key component for exploration and efficient policy learning algorithms. Such a self-supervised approach without access to any oracle goal sampling distribution requires deep exploration and commitment so that long horizon plans can be efficiently discovered. In this paper, we propose an exploration framework, which learns a dynamics-aware manifold of reachable states. For a goal, our proposed method deterministically visits a state at the current frontier of reachable states (commit- ment/reaching) and then stochastically explores to reach the goal (exploration). This allocates exploration budget near the frontier of the reachable region instead of its interior. We target the challenging problem of policy learning from initial and goal states specified as images, and do not assume any access to the underlying ground-truth states of the robot and the environment. To keep track of reachable latent states, we propose a distance-conditioned reachability network that is trained to infer whether one state is reachable from another within the specified latent space distance. Given an initial state, we obtain a frontier of reachable states from that state. By incorporating a curriculum for sampling easier goals (closer to the start state) before more difficult goals, we demonstrate that the proposed self-supervised exploration algorithm, superior performance compared to existing baselines on a set of challenging robotic environments. https://sites.google. com/view/leaf-exploration
Accounting for Intergenerational Social Immobility in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

This study investigates the transmission channels of intergenerational social immobility in low- and middle-income countries. Using a rich longitudinal survey dataset on Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam, we analyze through which factors socioeconomic status is passed on between generations. We reduce the information elicited throughout childrenâ€™s youth to certain latent factors of their development process, such as cognitive and non-cognitive skills as well as the characteristics of their social environment and the social opportunities they face. We then analyze to what extent each of these factors is explained by parental socioeconomic status, and how much each factor in turn determines the outcome of the children. Next, we combine these results in order to decompose the immobility into the different pathway factors. The findings indicate that childrenâ€™s aspirations and their cognitive skills can each account for around 20 percent of the correlation between parental and childrenâ€™s education. Starting a family while still a minor, and the need for child labor also play important, but smaller roles, explaining 10 percent and 6 percent of the immobility, respectively. While childrenâ€™s health, parentâ€™s attentiveness and the local school infrastructure only have small but still significant roles, parentsâ€™ spending on education, childrenâ€™s social environment, and particularly childrenâ€™s non-cognitive skills have no significant part in the transmission of socioeconomic status in the sample of developing countries, once all other factors are taken into account.
Old and New Cultivars of Soya Bean (Glycine max L.) Subjected to Soil Drying Differ in Abscisic Acid Accumulation, Water Relations Characteristics and Yield

Two old (Huangsedadou and Longxixiaohuangpi (LX)) and two new (Jindou 19 (JD) and Zhonghuang 30 (ZH)) soya bean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. ) cultivars were used to investigate the influence of soil drying on the abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in leaves, stomatal conductance (gs), leaf water relations, osmotic adjustment (OA), leaf desiccation tolerance, yield and yield components. The greater ABA accumulation was induced by soil drying, which also inducing gs decreased at higher soil water contents (SWC) and leaf relative water content (RWC) significantly decreased at lower SWC in the new soya bean cultivars than in the old soya bean cultivars. The soil water threshold between the value at which stomata began to close and the RWC began to decrease was significantly broader in the new cultivars than in the old cultivars. The new cultivars had significantly higher OA and lower lethal leaf water potential than old cultivars when the soil dried. The old cultivars had greater biomass, but lower grain yield than the new cultivars in well-watered, moderate stress and severe stress conditions. Thus with soil drying, the new soya bean cultivars demonstrated greater adaptation to drought by inducing greater ABA accumulation, stomatal closure at higher SWC, enhanced OA and better water relations, associated with increased leaf desiccation tolerance, greater water use efficiency and higher yield.
PCR DETECTION OF ENTAMOEBA SPP FROM SURFACE AND WASTE WATER SAMPLES USING GENUS-SPECIFIC PRIMERS

In this study DNA of 137 surface and waste water samples collected from Pathum Thani Province, Thailand were examined for Entamoeba spp using PCR and genus-specific primers that amplify DNA of E. polecki, E. chattoni, E. dispar, E. histolytica, E. hartmani, E. coli and E. moshkovskii. The results showed that 27% of the samples were positive for Entamoeba spp. When the positive samples were further examined by a single-round PCR assay specific for E. histolytica, E. dispar and E. moshkovskii, all were negative. Their species should also be further investigated using a more sensitive method such as real-time PCR and specific primers for E. polecki, E. chattoni, E. hartmani, and E. coli.
Frustratingly Simple Domain Generalization via Image Stylization

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) show impressive performance in the standard classification setting where training and testing data are drawn i.i. d. from a given domain. However, CNNs do not readily generalize to new domains with different statistics, a setting that is simple for humans. In this work, we address the Domain Generalization problem, where the classifier must generalize to an unknown target domain. Inspired by recent works that have shown a difference in biases between CNNs and humans, we demonstrate an extremely simple yet effective method, namely correcting this bias by augmenting the dataset with stylized images. In contrast with existing stylization works, which use external data sources such as art, we further introduce a method that is entirely in-domain using no such extra sources of data. We provide a detailed analysis as to the mechanism by which the method works, verifying our claim that it changes the shape/texture bias, and demonstrate results surpassing or comparable to the state of the arts that utilize much more complex methods.
ANALYSIS OF THE GENOTYPE × ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN MUSA TRIALS

Plantain hybrids and landraces, and banana cultivars (Musa spp. L.) were evaluated for three years in the plant and ratoon crops at three locations in the humid lowland forest (Mbalmayo and Onne) and derived savanna (Ibadan) agro-ecozones of sub-Saharan Africa. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) models accounted for a significant percentage of the genotype × environment interaction (GE) affecting bunch weight (kg plant−1) and yield potential (t ha−1 a−1). Obino l'Ewai, a plantain landrace, showed little GE for bunch weight, whereas the exotic cooking banana cultivar Cardaba had the most stable yield potential as revealed by the biplots of the GE analysis (AMMI-2 biplots). Plantain hybrids achieved high yield potential due to their short growth cycle. The high yield potential of the cooking bananas was mainly the result of their fast sucker development.
Fuzzy Dark Matter and Dark Matter Halo Cores

Whereas cold dark matter (CDM) simulations predict central dark matter cusps with densities that diverge as ρ(r) ∼ 1/r, observations often indicate constant-density cores with finite central densities ρ0 and a flat density distribution within a core radius r0. This paper investigates whether this core–cusp problem can be solved by fuzzy dark matter (FDM), a hypothetical particle with a mass of the order of m ≈ 10−22 eV and a corresponding de Broglie wavelength on astrophysical scales. We show that galaxies with CDM halo virial masses Mvir ≤ 1011M⊙ follow two core-scaling relations. In addition to the well-known universal core column density Σ0 ≡ ρ0 × r0 = 75 pc−2, core radii increase with virial masses as r0 ∼ with γ of order unity. Using the simulations by Schive et al. we demonstrate that FDM can explain the r0–Mvir scaling relation if the virial masses of the observed galaxy sample scale with the formation redshift z as Mvir ∼ (1 + z)−0.4. The observed constant Σ0 is however in complete disagreement with FDM cores which are characterized by a steep dependence Σ0 ∼ r , independent of z. More high-resolution simulations are now required to confirm the simulations of Schive et al. and explore the transition region between the soliton core and the surrounding halo. If these results hold, FDM can be ruled out as the origin of observed dark matter cores and other physical processes are required to account for their formation.
Shop The Look: Building a Large Scale Visual Shopping System at Pinterest

As online content becomes ever more visual, the demand for searching by visual queries grows correspondingly stronger. Shop The Look is an online shopping discovery service at Pinterest, leveraging visual search to enable users to find and buy products within an image. In this work, we provide a holistic view of how we built Shop The Look, a shopping oriented visual search system, along with lessons learned from addressing shopping needs. We discuss topics including core technology across object detection and visual embeddings, serving infrastructure for realtime inference, and data labeling methodology for training/evaluation data collection and human evaluation. The user-facing impacts of our system design choices are measured through offline evaluations, human relevance judgements, and online A/B experiments. The collective improvements amount to cumulative relative gains of over 160% in end-to-end human relevance judgements and over 80% in engagement. Shop The Look is deployed in production at Pinterest.
Prediction of forest fires with Poisson models

Cet article presente une approche statistique generale pour la prediction des feux de foret dans le contexte des modeles de Poisson. Il fournit egalement des outils quantitatifs et qualitatifs pour evaluer differents modeles et quelques regles de decisions. Des etudes de cas provenant de la France, de l'Italie, du Portugal et de la Suisse illustrent la theorie. Il ressort que les modeles de Poisson, qui incorporent un indice de risque de feu et d'autres variables explicatives tres importantes, sont toujours superieurs a l'utilisation empirique du seul indice de risque de feu.
Biochemical properties and microbial analysis of honey from North-Western regions of Iran: seasonal effects on physicochemical properties of honey

In the present study, physicochemical properties (pH, ash, commercial glucose, starch, reducing sugars and moisture) and microbial (yeast and enterobacterial) contaminations of 263 honey samples from North-western regions of Iran were evaluated in a 2 year period in different seasons of 2010 and 2011. Levels of reducing sugars and sucrose showed significant seasonal differences, with the highest levels observed in summer samples. No commercial glucose or starch was detected in any of the samples; but levels of reducing sugars and sucrose content of 1.52 and 6.84% samples were unacceptable, respectively. Moisture, ash content (0.4 ± 0.01%) and pH values (4.44 ± 0.02) of all samples were in the required standard range and did not significantly vary in different seasons. Of all the samples evaluated, only seven samples (2.66%) contained yeast, and two samples (0.76%) were contaminated with bacteria from family Enterobacteriaceae (2 samples with both contaminations). None of the isolates were found to be of major pathogenic importance.
Pure point spectrum for dynamical systems and mean almost periodicity

We consider metrizable ergodic topological dynamical systems over locally compact, $\sigma$-compact abelian groups. We study pure point spectrum via suitable notions of almost periodicity for the points of the dynamical system. More specifically, we characterize pure point spectrum via mean almost periodicity of generic points. We then go on and show how Besicovitch almost periodic points determine both eigenfunctions and the measure in this case. After this, we characterize those systems arising from Weyl almost periodic points and use this to characterize weak and Bohr almost periodic systems. Finally, we consider applications to aperiodic order.
2.5 kW Narrow Linewidth Linearly Polarized All-Fiber MOPA With Cascaded Phase-Modulation to Suppress SBS Induced Self-Pulsing

As a major limitation for power scaling of high power narrow linewidth fiber master oscillator power amplifiers (MOPAs), Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) induced self-pulsing in polarization maintaining (PM) fiber amplifiers is well characterized and analyzed in this paper by comparing different white noise signal (WNS) phase-modulated modes in experiments. It is found that the self-pulsing effect is not observed in the PM-amplifier with single-frequency laser seed injection, and cascaded WNS modulation provides superior self-pulsing suppression than single WNS modulation with similar output linewidth. Moreover, the experimental results indicate that the self-pulsing threshold can hardly be predicted only by the output linewidth or the defined SBS threshold in a WNS phase modulated fiber amplifier system. As self-pulsing is originated from the spectral spikes in WNS modulated system, we theoretically analyzed characteristics of these spikes in different phase-modulation modes. It indicates the spectral peak intensity can be reduced by cascaded modulation, for which self-pulsing can be suppressed. The theoretical predictions agree well with the experimental results. At the same time, in order to suppress the mode instability effect, a plum blossom shaped bending mode selection device is used in this high-power narrow linewidth fiber amplifier system. Finally, a 32 GHz cascaded WNSs modulated, over than 2.5 kW linearly polarized all-fiber amplifier with a slope efficiency of 86.7% is demonstrated. The polarization extinction ratio (PER) is measured larger than 14 dB and the beam quality factor M2 maintains lower than 1.3 in the power scaling process.
Locally Adaptive Statistical Background Modeling With Deep Learning-Based False Positive Rejection for Defect Detection in Semiconductor Units

In this paper, we present a system for the detection and classification of defects in semiconductor units. The proposed system consists of three stages: proposal generation stage, defect detection stage and refinement stage. In the proposal generation stage, changes on the target unit are detected using a novel change detection approach. In the second stage, a deep neural network is used to classify detected regions into either defective or non-defective regions. Non-defective regions are regions exhibiting allowable changes due to factors such as lighting conditions and subtle differences in manufacturing. The defect detection stage achieves up to 94.3% accuracy. In practice, defects that are smaller than a specified tolerance size are ignored by manufacturers. The tolerance size depends on the defect types and is determined based on risk factors. In order to ignore such defects, our approach includes a final refinement stage wherein the detected defects are categorized by a stacking-based ensemble classifier into different classes. The refined system achieves up to 97.88% overall detection accuracy. The presented system is immediately applicable to different types of defects on die, epoxy and substrate. Inputs of the system can be either color or grayscale images.
ShipDeNet-20: An Only 20 Convolution Layers and <1-MB Lightweight SAR Ship Detector

Existing most deep learning-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ship detectors have huge network scale and big model size. Thus, to solve these defects, we propose a lightweight SAR ship detector “ShipDeNet-20” with 20 convolution layers and < 1 MB (0.82 MB) model size. We use fewer layers and kernels, and depthwise separable convolution (DS-Conv) to ensure ShipDeNet-20’s lightweight attribute. Moreover, we also propose a feature fusion module (FF-Module), a feature enhance module (FE-Module), and a scale share feature pyramid module (SSFP-Module) to compensate for the raw ShipDeNet-20’s accuracy loss. Experimental results on the open SAR ship detection data set (SSDD) reveal that the accuracy and speed of ShipDeNet-20 are both superior to the other nine state-of-the-art object detectors. Finally, detection results on another two wide-region SAR images show ShipDeNet-20’s strong migration ability. ShipDeNet-20 is a novel SAR ship detector, built from scratch, lighter than others by tens even hundreds of times, helpful for real-time SAR application and future hardware transplantation.
Mechanical characterization of HDPE reinforced with cellulose from rice husk biomass

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with cellulose from rice husk (RH) were prepared and studied. The RH biomass was submitted to acid extraction and bleaching process and then analyzed for its cellulose extraction efficiency by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). After that, the RH cellulose (RHC) was incorpored to the HDPE matrix by melt blending with different filler contents (5, 10 and 15 wt%), and then characterized in terms of mechanical properties and morphology. The RHC incorporation in the HDPE matrix resulted in an increase in elastic modulus regardless the filler content added; also, the impact resistance was maintained for RHC contents up to 10%. The morphological analysis of the composites showed that the cellulose was well dispersed in the matrix, which contributed to the improvement of the final rigidity of these materials, indicating the feasibility of incorporating this residue in the production of HDPE composites.
Detection of medium-sized ground-dwelling mammals using infrared digital cameras: an alternative way forward?

Infrared digital cameras were used to examine temporal detection rates of medium-sized ground-dwelling mammals in a coastal woodland landscape. From three successive deployments at fixed stations, a range of mammals was detected, including three target species: the long-nosed bandicoot, the long-nosed potoroo and the southern brown bandicoot. Reporting rates of target species were largely consistent and in some cases high. The swamp wallaby was the most commonly detected species, ranging from 47–67% of cameras on any given deployment. Long-nosed bandicoots were detected at 37–53% of cameras, long-nosed potoroos 13–23% and southern brown bandicoots 10–17%. In total, bandicoots and potoroos were detected at 23 of 30 sites (77%) while forage-diggings of these mammals were universally present. There were differences in the detection rate of bandicoots and potoroos in relation to 24-hourly cycles: all three species were less likely to be detected between dawn and dusk than dusk and dawn. Otherwise, with few exceptions, the rate at which bandicoots and potoroos were detected over time within a deployment did not vary markedly. Infrared digital cameras offer great potential as sampling devices for bandicoots and potoroos because of their greater detection efficiency relative to other techniques.
Produção e qualidade das frutas de diferentes cultivares de morangueiro

O trabalho teve como objetivo gerar e disponibilizar informacoes tecnicas para a producao sustentavel de morangueiro na regiao Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, visando a melhoria da qualidade do morango produzido e a diversificacao da propriedade agricola. O trabalho foi composto por quatro experimentos, nos quais foram avaliados: experimento 1- sazonalidade agronomica e fitoquimica de cultivares de morangueiro; experimento 2- produtividade de morangueiro Camarosa e Festival sob diferentes niveis de adubacao quimica em pre-plantio; experimento 3- aspectos produtivos de cultivares de morangueiro submetidas as condicoes edafoclimaticas de Pelotas; experimento 4- caracterizacao sensorial de morangos frescos, atraves de analise sensorial das frutas das cultivares estudadas no experimento 3, onde foram avaliados atributos gustativos e visuais das frutas.Todos os experimentos foram realizados a campo sobre canteiros cobertos com filme de polietileno preto e tunel baixo, exceto o experimento 4 que foi realizado no Laboratorio de Tecnologia e Analise Sensorial de Alimentos da Embrapa Clima Temperado. Observou-se que o pico de producao para as cultivares avaliadas ocorreu no mes de novembro. As cultivares Camarosa, Festival e Ventana foram as mais produtivas, porem as cultivares Albion, Camino Real e Ventana alcancaram indices superiores de qualidade geral na analise sensorial.
Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in the Rhizosphere of Helianthus annuus L.

In this investigation an attempt was made to reveal the root colonization and species diversity of AMF in the Rhizosphere of sunflower, collected from different areas which differed in physico- chemical parameter. The higher colonization was observed at Arasadipatti (Pudukkottai), Thalaimalaipatti (Trichy) Thirukkanurpatti (Thanjavur) and the lower colonization was observed at Thirumalaisamuthirum (Thanjavur). The colonization among root samples collected from ten different soils, ranged from 20%-70%, this may due to some biotic and abiotic stress. Altogether fourteen species of AMF were isolated, of which seven species were contributed by Glomus spp. , three by Gigaspora spp. and two by Acalospora spp. and Scutilospora spp. , The spore densities of soils studied varied from 210 to 740/100g soils. The highest isolation frequency, of 60% was represented by Glomus mossae and the lowest was by Glomus species 1, Gigaspora sp1, Gigaspora sp2. Among the ten soils, species richness and Shannon-Wiener index of diversity (H') were found to be greater at Vallamputhur (Thanjavur), Sampson's index of dominance (D) was found to be high at Kummankulum (Pudukkottai).
Hepatitis A vaccination among human immuno- deficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults: Current evidence and unanswered questions

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is common, can cause significant morbidity and mortality, and the prevalence may be higher in populations infected or at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Immunization with HAV vaccine is recommended for HIV-infected individuals, particularly men who have sex with men, injection drug users, hemophiliacs, those with chronic liver disease, and international travelers without immunity to HAV. HAV vaccination is well-tolerated among HIV-infected individuals and is immunogenic, particularly among those with higher CD4+ cell counts. HIV-infected individuals have lower seroconversion rates and antibody concentrations in response to vaccination. However, protection against HAV as measured by HAV antibody levels is achieved for most cases. Adverse event rates are similar among those with and without HIV infection, and HAV vaccine does not have a marked impact on HIV-1 ribonucleic acid (RNA) levels, progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), or CD4+ cell counts. Areas of controversy remain, including timing of vaccination relative to initiation of antiretroviral therapy, rate and impact of antibody decline over time, need for booster immunizations, and the benefit of follow-up antibody titer monitoring. Key words: Hepatitis A virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), vaccination, vaccine.
Health at a Glance 2019

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development published in November the document «Health at a Glance 2019: OECD Indicators». We publish below data from this report on the pharmaceutical sector, highlighting the numbers for Portugal. Available from: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/health-at-a-glance-2019_4dd50c09-en.