Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finding potential high-yield areas for Mexican maize under current and climate change conditions

SUMMARY Analyses of the geographic patterns of wild species abundance have been carried out in studies ranging from those interested in hot-spots for biodiversity and conservation to basic ecological analyses. Based on the methodological approaches used, the present study searched for areas of higher yield among native races of maize in Mexico, its centre of origin and diversification. Ecological theory suggests that population fitness, and thus abundance, is maximal at the centroid of the multi-dimensional ecological niche of a particular species, and decreases progressively as distance from it increases. In the present study, yield was used instead of abundance, assuming it to be higher under optimal environmental conditions. It was assessed whether nine Mexican maize races exhibited higher yields in areas that are ecologically closer to their niche centroid (NC), or a niche optimum (NO) that did not always coincide with the geometric centroid. Environmental and geographical clusters for each race were also created to identify additional NOs in widely distributed races. All races showed significant correlations between yield and distance, both to the NC or NOs, but in only six of them was the chosen model better than the null model. Three races and two sub-groups were selected for projection under climate change conditions: Celaya (R 2 = 0·288), Celaya 3 (R 2 = 0·774), Vandeño (R 2 = 0·277) and Vandeño 2 (R 2 = 0·466) and Tepecintle (R 2 = 0·537). The Celaya race improved with environmental clustering, while Vandeño improved under geographical clustering. Finally, Tepecintle was projected at a race level. Projections under climate change suggested some potential areas for high yields in the future. It was concluded that the approach used in the present paper, considering the distance to NC/NO as a predictor of maize landrace yield, may contribute important information to agro-ecological projects.
Snow depth mapping from stereo satellite imagery in mountainous terrain: evaluation using airborne laser-scanning data

Abstract. Accurate knowledge of snow depth distributions in mountain catchments is critical for applications in hydrology and ecology. Recently, a method was proposed to map snow depth at meter-scale resolution from very-high-resolution stereo satellite imagery (e.g., Pleiades) with an accuracy close to 0.5 m. However, the validation was limited to probe measurements and unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry, which sampled a limited fraction of the topographic and snow depth variability. We improve upon this evaluation using accurate maps of the snow depth derived from Airborne Snow Observatory laser-scanning measurements in the Tuolumne river basin, USA. We find a good agreement between both datasets over a snow-covered area of 138 km 2 on a 3 m grid, with a positive bias for a Pleiades snow depth of 0.08 m, a root mean square error of 0.80 m and a normalized median absolute deviation (NMAD) of 0.69 m. Satellite data capture the relationship between snow depth and elevation at the catchment scale and also small-scale features like snow drifts and avalanche deposits at a typical scale of tens of meters. The random error at the pixel level is lower in snow-free areas than in snow-covered areas, but it is reduced by a factor of 2 (NMAD of approximately 0.40 m for snow depth) when averaged to a 36 m grid. We conclude that satellite photogrammetry stands out as a convenient method to estimate the spatial distribution of snow depth in high mountain catchments.
How Ramadan and Global Pandemic Affect Religiosity and Donating Behaviors

Ramadan in the year of 2020 is the witness of global pandemic caused by the spread of Covid-19 that significantly alters human behaviors. In response to the current phenomenon, the present study is conducted to scrutinize how the holy month of Ramadan and global pandemic affect human religiosity and donating behaviors. To this end, this study employed a web-based questionnaire to gather the required data from 128 Indonesians who were voluntarily participated upon invitation. Using WarpPLS to analyze the data, the results showed that there was a significant influence of global pandemic situation and Ramadan on the level of religiosity. Moreover, the pandemic situation also encouraged the exist growth of donation institutions. This study further revealed the positive impact of the holy month of Ramadan and religiosity on human donating behaviors. In other words, Ramadan and global pandemic increased the level of human religiosity and the existence of donation institutions, as a results, their donating behaviors were also improved. However, this study found that the existence of donation institutions did not have any influence on human donating behaviors. These results offer an implication that Ramadan and global pandemic obviously provide a direct impact on religiosity and human donating behaviors.
Condition assessment of concrete structures using ground penetrating radar ( GPR )

Maintenance costs of concrete structures can be reduced by efficient and extensive condition assessment. Rapid technological development has allowed application of innovative methodologies for the inspection of structures, which has in turn increased precision and efficiency of inspection activities. Potential for using ground-penetrating radar in the assessment of concrete structures has been considered for a long time and, with the improvement of the analysis tools, its application has been constantly increasing. Ground-penetrating radar is a technique based on emission of electromagnetic waves into the material, and on analysis of reflected waves, resulting in information about location and properties of a particular object. GPR is used for assessing condition of concrete structures, i.e. for the localization of reinforcement, determination of concrete cover, and localization of delamination. Recent research has shown that GPR data could be used for assessing corrosion of reinforcement. Following literature results on GPR-based study of concrete condition, main principles of GPR use are outlined in the paper.
IN VITRO SENSITIVITY PROFILES OF ENTERIC BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH DIARRHEIC PATIENTS WITHIN KATSINA METROPOLIS, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA

Diarrheal disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity across the globe. However, there is little information on the prevalence and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of microbes associated with diarrheic patients within Katsina Metropolis, Nigeria, hence, the need for this study. Forty (40) stool samples were collected from Federal Medical Center, Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria. Isolation and identification of the bacteria from the stool samples were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotics sensitivity testing was carried out on all the bacterial isolates using disk diffusion method. Seventeen (17) bacterial isolates were isolated from three different genera. These include: Escherichia coli (58.82%), Salmonella typhi (29.41%) and Shigella dysenteriae (11.77%). The results of antibiotics sensitivity test showed a high (100%) resistance to amoxicillin, 70.59% resistance to streptomycin, 41.18% resistance to nalixidic acid and least (17.65%) resistance to imipenem. Multi drug resistant Escherichia coli and Shigella species were also detected. The high level of antibiotic resistance among bacterial isolates obtained from stool samples of diarrheic patients is quite alarming and requires urgent public health attention. Hence, further studies are required for the molecular detection of the resistant genes in these bacteria.
Evaluating the information content of data for uncertainty reduction in hydrological modelling

The inclusion of additional information in a model should improve the model’s performance and reduce associated uncertainties. The additional information may take the form of higher temporal and/or spatial resolution of data already used, or additional types of data (including soft data). However, additional data is not necessarily equivalent with additional information as a model may only be able to make use of a fraction of the information in the data, or the approach chosen to extract data might be inefficient. Consideration of the information-to-noise ratio of the data is needed in order to evaluate whether the information will indeed improve the model's performance or reduce uncertainty. Evaluating the information-to-noise ratio and the information content of data in general are often difficult tasks. One simple but effective approach to this problem is to compare the performance and uncertainty of a model with and without additional information. This workshop will focus on the theory and use of additional information in improving the performance of and reducing the uncertainty in hydrological models. This includes consideration of the uncertainty in datasets as well as techniques to evaluate the effectiveness of the additional information in improving models.
A monograph of the Aphodiini inhabiting the United States

How many species of Aphodius are there in North America? That question was very difficult to answer with any degree of certainty until Robert Gordon and Paul Skelley published this thick tome covering all species of Aphodiini occurring in North America. Gordon had published a key to the eastern species of Aphodius back in 1983 but there were still many questions about western species. A monograph of the Aphodiini inhabiting the United States and Canada deals with all of these taxa plus everything else classified in the tribe Aphodiini. There are 252 species of Aphodiini that occur in North America – the majority of which occur in the Great Plains and west.
QTL mapping for plant height of wheat

A population of 114 RILs lines from the cross of W7984×Opata85 was used for wheat plant height genetic analysis and QTL mapping.The genetic linkage map was based on the 461 segregation markers in this population published online.With the QTL mapping software WinQTLCart2.5 and the methods of interval mapping and composite interval mapping,4 putative QTLs related to plant height were detected in this population and respectively located on chromosomes 1A,3D,4A and 7A.The largest contributive locus was identified on chromosome 3D,accounting for 10.3%—14.8% plant height phenotypic variation.
THE MODULATION OF PERFORMANCE, CHOLESTEROL CONTENT AND IMMUNE RESPONSE INDUCED BY SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE IN LAYING HENS

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation of a commercial layer diet on the laying performance, blood lipid profile, liver and yolk cholesterol content, and immune response during 8-week period. A total of 180 Hy-line Brown laying hens of 40 wk of age were allocated to 4 dietary treatments, where every 45 hens were divided into three replicates. The basal diet was supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae at the levels of 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6%. Results showed that the highest egg number and egg weight were observed with 0.6% Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplement. Supplementing diets with Saccharomyces cerevisiae at all levels (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6%) significantly (P˂0.05) increased egg mass, antibody production, cell-mediated immune response, and reduced feed consumption, plasma cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol levels and liver cholesterol concentration. Furthermore, hens fed diets supplemented with 0.4 and 0.6% Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed significant enhancement of feed conversion ratio, an increase of plasma HDL-cholesterol and a reduction of both yolk cholesterol concentration and Heterophil:lymphocyte (H/L) ratio. In conclusion, Saccharomyces cerevisiae could be used to enhance production performance and immune response, and control cholesterol content of plasma, yolk and liver.
Decadal Changes in the Atlantic Water in the Eurasian Basin

The reduction of Arctic sea ice is a strong indicator of climate change. Until now it is mostly attributed to atmospheric forcing. Atlantic Water is a main source of heat for the Arctic Ocean. This study aims to show that a shoaling of the Atlantic Water in the Eurasian Basin combined with a weakening in stratification increases the potential of upward heat flux. CTD data from 1980 to 2018 are analysed to determine the depth of the Atlantic Water and the stratification of the upper water column. The focus of this study is on the Laptev Sea providing a good data coverage. A shoaling of the Atlantic Water layer takes place in the Laptev Sea from 2002 to 2018 by 50m in total. A decreasing depth of the upper boundary of the Atlantic Water is found between 1993 to 2002. Analyses of density differences between the Atlantic Water and (i) the Polar Water and (ii) the Lower Halocline Water indicate a weakening of the stratification in the upper water column for the recent years in the period observed. As well, an increase in temperature and salinity is present in the upper water column. This study concludes that the Laptev Sea is in a transition towards an Atlantic-dominated regime and that aspects of atlantification are present. Further, a water mass definition based on fixed temperature and salinity values is not longer appropriate in the current state of the eastern Eurasian Basin. Future investigations are needed to determine the origin and forcing of the observed salinification of the upper water column and the shoaling of the Atlantic Water layer.
Assessment of alveolar bone level and furcation involvement in periodontal diseases using dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT): a systematic review

The advent of CBCT has contributed significantly to dental imaging. In the field of periodontics, CBCT provides a multiplanar view to assess the alveolar bone in three dimensions. This helps the dentist to make measurements at any location that could significantly improve periodontal diagnosis. Objective- The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the accuracy of using CBCT in the assessment of alveolar bone level and furcation involvement in periodontal diseases. Materials and Methods- PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for literature related to the application of CBCT in periodontal diseases. Keywords used for the search were CBCT, furcation involvement, measurement and their synonyms. Results-Fifteen full-text English language research papers were eligible for the systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines. Conclusion- From the results of the systematic review it can be conclude that cone-beam computed tomography imaging technique offers significantly reliable images of the furcation involvement and height of the alveolar bone.KeywordsCone Beam Computed tomography, furcation defects, alveolar bone loss
An Optimization Study for Chitosan Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Characterization

Studies have been carried out to determine the optimum conditions for chitosan nanoparticles. Various formulations have been made which can affect the size and polydispersity index of the nanoparticles and the process variables have been investigated. These formulation and process variables are defined and optimized to obtain the smallest particle size. The concentration of chitosan polymer and crosslinker concentration were studied as formulation variables. Mixing speed, mixing time, pH, sunlight effect, sonication time and sonication power parameters were selected as process variables. In the experiments performed for one parameter all other parameters are kept constant. The optimum conditions were determined by the effect of formulation and process variables on particle size and polydispersity index. For characterization of chitosan nanoparticles; Zeta-Sizer, UV-Vis, FTIR and SEM analytical techniques were used. Optimum conditions found at 50 W, 5 min, 30-10 pulse adjustment with sonicator device, chitosan:TPP mass ratio 5:1, pH value of 5 and with sunlight. After the optimum conditions obtained BSA loading is performed and characterization studies carried out. It is believed that chitosan nanoparticles produced by optimum conditions determined as a result of the study can be used in many areas include as a drug delivery system in future studies.
Influence of seasonal variation on the biology of lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica, (Fabricius) on wheat

The life cycle of lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica, on wheat 1105 was studied for seasonal variation at room temperature during winter at 21±7 oC in winter and at 28±5 oC in rainy season. The result shows that more fecundity (306.8±16.36 eggs) was in rainy season as compare to winter (170.8±16.08 eggs). The incubation period was very similar in both seasons i.e. (11.5±3.44 days) in winter and (11.4±1.50 days) in the rainy season. The total larval and pupal period was (35.8± 2.78 days) and the developmental period was (47.2±3.01days) in rainy season as compare to longer (81.7±5.89 days) and (88.62± 2.98 days) in winter, respectively. The seasonal variations also have the impact on the longevity of male: female, which was longer (38.9±3.91: 41.7±3.49 days) in winter and shorter (28.9±2.68: 32.75±2.82 days) in rainy season. The sex ratio was 0.84: 1.04 in winter and 0.90: 1.10 in the rainy season. Higher mean growth index 2.01 was recorded in rainy season and lower growth index 1.02 was observed in winter.
The Effect Of Organizational Justice On Job Satisfaction: Applied Study On Jordanian Five Stars Hotels

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of organizational justice on job satisfaction. The data was collected from (14) five stars hotels located in Amman city by using a questionnaire. The sampling unit and analysis consisted of (348) employees working at the target hotels. Multiple linear regression and Pearson’s correlation coefficients were computed to examine the study hypotheses. The study found a positive and statistically significant relationships between distributive, procedural, and interactional justice, and job satisfaction. Additionally, The study found that organizational justice positively and significantly affects job satisfaction. Based on these findings, the study recommends that managers should strive to enhance the levels of organizational justice in their hotels to foster job satisfaction to promote and increase customer satisfaction and service quality, in addition, managers and supervisors should concern about the interpersonal treatment of employees in their hotels in order to promote interactional justice. Moreover, hotels should develop their human resource policies to provide just distribution of rewards and resources among employees. Finally, managers can use the diagnostic instrument that used in current study to benchmark their hotels and determine their level of organizational justice, identify the managerial practices that need to be implemented or improved, and determine the level of effort and resources that might realistically be required to build a stronger organizational justice.
The Effect of Parent-Child Play Therapy in Decreasing Depression andAnxiety among Patients with Acute Lymphoid Leukemia (ALL) and AcuteMyeloid Leukemia (AML) Under Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy

Methodology: This study is an interventional study. The statistical population in this study included all children between the age of 6 and 15 who were diagnosed with cancer that were hospitalized in hospitals of Ardabil during 2019. The sample in this study was collected through convenience sampling. After calculating the depression and anxiety scores for the children, 30 children were chosen as the statistical sample and randomly divided into two groups of control and intervention. Then, the play therapy sessions (8 two-hour sessions) were carried out on the intervention group and ultimately, the depression and anxiety tests were conducted on both groups, after the eight sessions of play therapy. The data analysis was carried out by MANOCVA.
HADAMARD PRODUCTS AND NEIGHBOURHOODS OF SPIRALLIKE FUNCTIONS By O. P. AHUJA

that are analytic in the open unit disk $\Delta(|z|<1)$ , and suppose $S$ is a subfamily of $A$ consisting of univalent functions in $\Delta$ . Given $\lambda,$ $-\pi/2<\lambda<\pi/2$ , let $H^{\lambda}$ be the class of $\lambda$-spiral-like functions in $\Delta$ . An analytic function $f$ of the form (1.1) is in $H^{\lambda}$ if and only if ${\rm Re}(e^{\ell\lambda}zf^{\prime}(z)/f(z))>0,$ $ z\in\Delta$ . This class was introduced by pacek [15], who showed that $H^{\lambda}\subset S$ . If $f$ in $A$ is of the form (1.1) and $\delta\geqq 0$ we define the $\delta$-neighbourhood of
Relative economic value estimates of Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) production traits

The high demand for the Guinea fowl meat and products due to its delicacy, demands improvement in the bird to meet consumer needs. The inability to develop breeding goals to improve the Guinea fowl in Africa is as a result of limited information on the relative economic values of traits in the bird. This study was carried out to estimate the relative economic values of body weight, survival, reproduction, feed intake, growth rate and docility in the Guinea fowl. Average values from secondary data were used in estimating the relative economic values of the Guinea fowl traits. Data were analysed using computer simulation models in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet of Windows 10. When genetic standard deviation was used in estimating the relative economic values, body weight (55.45%) and reproduction (25.28%) emerged as the most important traits that contributed to the profit of the farmer. Similar magnitudes and directions were maintained (52.35% and 26.07%) for body weight and reproduction traits respectively as the most important traits when medication was set to zero. It was concluded from the study that, hen-day egg production and growth rate were the most important traits that contributed highly to profit. It was recommended that growth rate and reproduction traits should be included in the breeding goals of Guinea fowl breeding for improved profitability.
THE KARYOTYPE ANALYSIS OF TSUGA LONGIBRACTEATA AND ITS TAXONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE

The present paper deals with the karyotype analysis of Tsuga longibracteata Cheng endemic to China, which is a represent species of subgen. Paleotsuga, for the first time. The somatic chromosomes in root-tip cells of the plant are found to be 2n = 24, all with median and submedian constrictions. The 12th chromosome of the karyotype has a long centromere region. According to the terminology defined by levan et al. (1964), the karyotype formula is K(2n) = 24 = 22m+2sm. The karyotype belongs to "1A"of stebbins' (1971) karyotypic symmetry and is generally regarded as a relatively primitive one. The species' chromosome complement is 2n = 12M2-+10M1+2S according to I. R. L. defined by Kuo et al. (1972) based on relative length. In the light of the works of Li (1988) and Hizume (1988), the author found that the karyotypic type "2A"was for all the species in Subgen. Tsuga. The karyological data supported the division of Genus Tsuga into Subgen. Paleotsuga and Subgen. Tsuga and shew the former was more primitive than the latter. The species Tsuga longibracteata Cheng should belong to Genus Tsuga, Subgen. Paleotsuga and Sect. Hepsopeuce.
Germination response to fruit positon and temperature in okra (Abelmoschus esculentum L.)

Germination response to temperature variation (15, 25 and 35°C) and pod position was studied under controlled and field conditions in okra Arka Anamika, Pusa Makhamali, Paravani Kranthi and BO1. Germination variability and seedling growth were affected by both temperature and position of pod on the plant. The effect of pod position was more pronounced at 15°C. In Arka Anamika, seeds collected from middle node pods had maximum germination at all the 3 temperature and field conditions.