Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seimei/KOOLS-IFU mapping of the gas and dust distributions in Galactic PNe: Unveiling the origin and evolution of the Galactic halo PN H4-1

H4-1 is a planetary nebula (PN) located in the Galactic halo, and is notably carbon-rich and one of the most metal-deficient PNe in the Milky Way. To unveil its progenitor evolution through accurate measurement of the gas mass, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of H4-1, using the newly obtained Seimei/KOOLS-IFU spectra and multiwavelength spectro-photometry data. The emission-line images generated from the KOOLS-IFU data cube successfully resolve the ellipsoidal nebula and the equatorial flattened disk that are frequently seen in bipolar PNe evolved from massive progenitors. By a fully data-driven method, we directly derived the seven elemental abundances, the gas-to-dust mass ratio, and the gas and dust masses based on our own distance scale. By comparing the observed quantities with both the photoionization model and the binary nucleosynthesis model, we conclude that the progenitors of initial masses of 1.87 M$_{\odot }$ and 0.82 M$_{\odot }$ are second-generation stars formed ∼4 Gyr after the Big Bang that have undergone mass transfers and a binary merger, and have ultimately evolved into a PN showing unique chemical abundances. Our binary model successfully reproduces the observed abundances and also explains the evolutionary time scale of H4-1.
Secret-Message Transmission by Echoing Encrypted Probes - STEEP

This paper examines the properties of the lower and upper bounds established by Maurer, Ahlswede and Csiszar (MAC) for secret-key capacity in the case of channel probing over single-input and single-output (SISO) channels. Inspired by the insights into MAC's bounds, a scheme called secret-message transmission by echoing encrypted probes (STEEP) is proposed. STEEP consists of two phases: in phase 1, Alice sends random probes over a probing channel to Bob; in phase 2, Bob echoes back an estimated version of the probes, but encrypted by a secret, over a high-quality return channel. Provided that Eve is unable to obtain the exact probes transmitted by Alice in phase 1, STEEP guarantees a positive secrecy rate from Bob to Alice over the return channel even if Eve's channel strength during channel probing is stronger than Bob's. STEEP is applicable to both physical layer and upper layers in connected networks.
Factors controlling the chemical evolution of travertine‐depositing rivers of the Barkly karst, northern Australia

Groundwaters feeding travertine‐depositing rivers of the northeastern segment of the Barkly karst (NW Queensland, Australia) are of comparable chemical composition, allowing a detailed investigation of how the rate of downstream chemical evolution varies from river to river. The discharge, pH, temperature, conductivity and major‐ion concentrations of five rivers were determined by standard field and laboratory techniques. The results show that each river experiences similar patterns of downstream chemical evolution, with CO2 outgassing driving the waters to high levels of calcite supersaturation, which in turn leads to widespread calcium carbonate deposition. However, the rate at which the waters evolve, measured as the loss of CaCO3 per kilometre, varies from river to river, and depends primarily upon discharge at the time of sampling and stream gradient. For example, Louie Creek (Q = 0·11 m3 s−1) and Carl Creek (Q = 0·50 m3 s−1) have identical stream gradients, but the loss of CaCO3 per kilometre for Louie Creek is twice that of Carl Creek. The Gregory River (Q = 3·07 m3 s−1), O'Shanassy River (Q = 0·57 m3 s−1) and Lawn Hill Creek (Q = 0·72 m3 s−1) have very similar gradients, but the rate of hydrochemical evolution of the Gregory River is significantly less than either of the other two systems. The results have major implications for travertine deposition: the stream reach required for waters to evolve to critical levels of calcite supersaturation will, all others things being equal, increase with increasing discharge, and the length of reach over which travertine is deposited will also increase with increasing discharge. This implies that fossil travertine deposits preserved well downstream of modern deposition limits are likely to have been formed under higher discharge regimes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A boundary element solution to land subsidence above 3-D gas/ oil reservoirs

A linear boundary element (BE) model is proposed for the uncoupled simulation of land subsidence due to gas, oil and hot water production over 3-D arbitrarily shaped reservoirs. The present model is based on the theory of the linear poroelasticity and is implemented for a mechanically homogeneous and isotropic half- space. It allows for any arbitrary geometry of the reservoir and for a non-uniform distribution of the pore pressure decline. It may easily be extended to other physical settings for which a vertical surface point load solution is available. -from Authors
Learning Risk-Aware Quadrupedal Locomotion using Distributional Reinforcement Learning

Deployment in hazardous environments requires robots to understand the risks associated with their actions and movements to prevent accidents. Despite its importance, these risks are not explicitly modeled by currently deployed locomotion controllers for legged robots. In this work, we propose a risk sensitive locomotion training method employing distributional reinforcement learning to consider safety explicitly. Instead of relying on a value expectation, we estimate the complete value distribution to account for uncertainty in the robot's interaction with the environment. The value distribution is consumed by a risk metric to extract risk sensitive value estimates. These are integrated into Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) to derive our method, Distributional Proximal Policy Optimization (DPPO). The risk preference, ranging from risk-averse to risk-seeking, can be controlled by a single parameter, which enables to adjust the robot's behavior dynamically. Importantly, our approach removes the need for additional reward function tuning to achieve risk sensitivity. We show emergent risk sensitive locomotion behavior in simulation and on the quadrupedal robot ANYmal.
Integrated Bolometric Photodetectors Based on Transparent Conductive Oxides from Near‐ to Mid‐Infrared Wavelengths

On‐chip photodetectors are essential components in optical communications as they convert light into an electrical signal. Photobolometers are a type of photodetector that functions through a resistance change caused by electronic temperature fluctuations upon light absorption. They are widely used in the broad wavelength range from ultraviolet to mid‐infrared (MIR). In this work, a novel waveguide‐integrated bolometer that operates in a wide wavelength range from near‐infrared to MIR is introduced on the standard material platform with the transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) as the active material. This material platform enables the construction of both modulators and photodetectors using the same material, which is fully complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor compatible and easily integrated with passive on‐chip components. The photobolometers proposed here consist of a thin TCO layer placed inside the rib photonic waveguide to enhance light absorption and then heat the electrons in the TCO. This rise in electron temperature leads to decreasing electron mobility and consequential electrical resistance change. In consequence, a responsivity exceeding 10 A W−1 can be attained with a mere few microwatts of optical input power. Calculations suggest that further improvements can be expected with lower doping of the TCO, thus opening new doors in on‐chip photodetectors.
Hermitian K-theory of Grassmannians

We compute the additive structure of the Hermitian $K$-theory spectrum of an even-dimensional Grassmannian over a base field $k$ of characteristic zero in terms of the Hermitian $K$-theory of $X$, using certain symmetries on Young diagrams. The result is a direct sum of copies of the $K$-theory of the base field and copies of the $GW$-theory of the base field, indexed by \emph{asymmetric} and \emph{symmetric} Young diagrams, respectively.
Lithostratigraphy and Composition of 2.1 Ga Greenstone Belts of the West African Craton and Their Bearing on Crustal Evolution and the Archean-Proterozoic Boundary

We have determined the lithostratigraphy of three, Early Proterozoic (~2.1 Ga), Birimian greenstone belts in the West African craton and measured the concentrations of major and trace elements in samples of volcanic rocks from those belts. The Nangodi belt largely consists of tholeiitic basalt flows with mg numbers of 37 to 69 and flat to slightly LREE-depleted chondrite-normalized REE patterns, overlain by sodic ($$Na_{2}O/K_{2}O = 3.7-29$$), calc-alkaline, dacitic tuffs and lavas that are HREE-depleted (La/Yb = 4.5-8.9 times chondrites, Yb = 3.9-8.7 times chondrites). The volcanic sequence is capped by calc-alkaline andesitic crystal tuffs with high mg numbers (66-75) and a high La/Yb ratio (10.5 times chondrites) similar to Archean and modern sanukitoids. The Dixcove belt largely consists of tholeiitic hyaloclastites and pillow lavas (mg numbers = 52-61) that grade upward into high-Mg (mg numbers ~59), calc-alkaline, andesitic tuffs and flows. The Winneba belt largely consists of massive, tholeiitic, high-Mg and siliceous high-Mg basalt flows with mg numbers of 64-72 and La/Sm ratios of 0.8-1.3 times chondrites, overlain by felsic tuffs and flows including a sodic, calc-alkaline, rhyolite with a La/Yb ratio of 16 times chondrites. The association of tholeiitic basalts and sodic, calc-alkaline, felsic volcanic rocks found in Birimian greenstone belts differs from the association of calc-alkaline basalts and potassic felsic rocks which comprises Proterozoic greenstone belts in North America and Scandinavia, but is similar to that present in modern, immature, intraoceanic island arcs and many Archean greenstone belts, which may have formed in ancient island arcs. Like their Archean counterparts, Birimian tholeiites have La/Yb ratios < 4, La/Ta ratios < 35, and Hf/Ta ratios < 10, and most Birimian felsic rocks have chondrite-normalized Yb enrichment factors of < 8. Like modern, wedge-derived arc tholeiites, Birimian tholeiites have higher Ba/La, Rb/La, Th/La and Sr/Nd ratios, and tend to have lower Ta/La ratios, than the corresponding ratios in NMORB. Birimian dacites have high Ba/La, Rb/La and Th/La ratios relative to NMORB, as do modern-arc dacites and, in addition, have high Sr/Nd and Tb/Yb ratios, relative to NMORB, which are particularly distinctive characteristics of modern-arc dacites derived by direct melting of the subducted slab. Taken together, these data suggest that magmas formed in Early Proterozoic, West African island arcs had compositions broadly similar to magmas formed in many Archean island arcs and, hence, the Archean-Proterozoic boundary may not coincide with a worldwide, fundamental change in crust-mantle evolution.
Mixed layer depth variability in the tropical boundary of the California Current, 1997-2007

[1] The variability of the mixed layer depth (MLD) is examined over a decade (1997–2007) for the tropical boundary of the California Current (24–32°N), using conductivity-temperature-depth observations collected by quarterly survey cruises. Results indicate that salinity gradients control MLD rather than temperature gradients. The mean state of the upper ocean indicates that contours of constant MLD are parallel to the coast, with mixed layer thickness decreasing toward the coastal zone. The deepest (∼70 m) thickness is reached in January and the shallowest (∼15 m) occurs in July. The warmer conditions (summer) are reproduced for a simple thermal energy equation. The rest of the seasons are reproduced for a one-dimensional momentum balance for the upper ocean, which includes Ekman dynamics and stratification. This comparison indicates that the variability of MLD is mainly due to wind-driven phenomena except during the heating period. In particular, seasonal and interannual variability of the MLD are correlated with offshore Ekman transport. An abrupt MLD change occurs between January 1998 and January 2000 associated with the strong El Nino-La Nina cycle shift that occurred in this period.
Accurate and Interactive Visual-Inertial Sensor Calibration with Next-Best-View and Next-Best-Trajectory Suggestion

Visual-Inertial (VI) sensors are popular in robotics, self-driving vehicles, and augmented and virtual reality applications. In order to use them for any computer vision or state-estimation task, a good calibration is essential. However, collecting informative calibration data in order to render the calibration parameters observable is not trivial for a non-expert. In this work, we introduce a novel VI calibration pipeline that guides a non-expert with the use of a graphical user interface and information theory in collecting informative calibration data with Next-Best-View and Next-Best-Trajectory suggestions to calibrate the intrinsics, extrinsics, and temporal misalignment of a VI sensor. We show through experiments that our method is faster, more accurate, and more consistent than state-of-the-art alternatives. Specifically, we show how calibrations with our proposed method achieve higher accuracy estimation results when used by state-of-the-art VI Odometry as well as VI-SLAM approaches. The source code of our software can be found on: https://github.com/chutsu/yac.
VideoDirectorGPT: Consistent Multi-scene Video Generation via LLM-Guided Planning

Although recent text-to-video (T2V) generation methods have seen significant advancements, most of these works focus on producing short video clips of a single event with a single background (i.e., single-scene videos). Meanwhile, recent large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their capability in generating layouts and programs to control downstream visual modules such as image generation models. This raises an important question: can we leverage the knowledge embedded in these LLMs for temporally consistent long video generation? In this paper, we propose VideoDirectorGPT, a novel framework for consistent multi-scene video generation that uses the knowledge of LLMs for video content planning and grounded video generation. Specifically, given a single text prompt, we first ask our video planner LLM (GPT-4) to expand it into a 'video plan', which involves generating the scene descriptions, the entities with their respective layouts, the background for each scene, and consistency groupings of the entities and backgrounds. Next, guided by this output from the video planner, our video generator, Layout2Vid, has explicit control over spatial layouts and can maintain temporal consistency of entities/backgrounds across scenes, while only trained with image-level annotations. Our experiments demonstrate that VideoDirectorGPT framework substantially improves layout and movement control in both single- and multi-scene video generation and can generate multi-scene videos with visual consistency across scenes, while achieving competitive performance with SOTAs in open-domain single-scene T2V generation. We also demonstrate that our framework can dynamically control the strength for layout guidance and can also generate videos with user-provided images. We hope our framework can inspire future work on better integrating the planning ability of LLMs into consistent long video generation.
La mobilité quotidienne de banlieusards vieillissants et âgés: Déplacements, aspirations et significations de la mobilité

Les premieres banlieues pavillonnaires nord-americaines sont problematiques pour le vieillissement a domicile. Malgre la dependance a l'automobile, les banlieusards âges aspirent a y vieillir. Plutot que de demenager, ils adaptent leur quotidien et leurs deplacements. L'acces a la mobilite est un enjeu majeur au maintien d'une experience residentielle positive, notamment pour les individus en perte d'autonomie. Or, parce qu’elle est etudiee avec le concept de deplacement, la mobilite des aines demeure mal comprise en tant qu’experience individuelle et collective. C’est dans cette optique que les pratiques et les significations de la mobilite quotidienne de 87 banlieusards âges de 55 a 82 ans de l'agglomeration de Quebec au Canada sont ici etudiees. En croisant des methodes quantitative et qualitative ainsi que des techniques d'analyses spatiales, l'article developpe une typologie de mobilite pour explorer les strategies d'adaptation des aines a leur environnement socio-spatial. Les resultats montrent que, sans veritablement entrer dans un processus de decision, les banlieusards choisissent implicitement de vieillir en banlieue en adaptant de maniere continue leurs modes de vie. La conservation de l'independance et l'attachement au «mode de vie banlieusard» sont a la source des aspirations residentielles. Cette mobilite quotidienne en transformation risque aussi d'influencer les trajectoires residentielles, alimentant les reflexions sur la requalification de ces milieux vieillissants. Daily mobility of aging and elderly suburbanites: trips, aspirations and meanings of mobility The post-War suburbs of North America are problematic for aging in place. Despite their high level of car dependency, elderly suburbanites would rather grow old at home. Rather than move, they make changes to their daily routines. Gaining access to mobility is a major issue for older people, particularly frail seniors, who wish to ensure that their residential experience remains positive. Given that the study of mobility draws on the concept of trip patterns, our understanding of the individual and collective experiences of elderly mobility is incomplete. In this light, this paper explores the practices and meanings of daily mobility for 87 elderly suburbanites aged from 55 to 82 years and currently residing in the greater Quebec City area, Canada. Combining both quantitative and qualitative methods as well as spatial analysis techniques in a single study, a typology of mobility is proposed in order to explore coping strategies developed by seniors in relation to their socio-spatial environment. The results show that, without truly engaging in a decision-making process, elderly suburbanites implicitly choose to age in place by adapting their lifestyle on an ongoing basis. Their housing aspirations are the result of a desire to maintain independence and an attachment to the ‘suburban way of life’. The changing mobility is thus likely to influence residential trajectories, giving food for thought to retrofitting suburbia.
Faraday waves on a bubble Bose-Einstein condensed binary mixture

By studying the dynamic stability of Bose-Einstein condensed binary mixtures trapped on the surface of an ideal two-dimensional spherical bubble, we show how the Rabi coupling between the species can modulate the interactions leading to parametric resonances. In this spherical geometry, the discrete unstable angular modes drive both phase separations and spatial patterns, with Faraday waves emerging and coexisting with an immiscible phase. Noticeable is the fact that, in the context of discrete kinetic energy spectrum, the only parameters to drive the emergence of Faraday waves are the $s-wave$ contact interactions and the Rabi coupling. Once analytical solutions for population dynamics are obtained, the stability of homogeneous miscible species is investigated through Bogoliubov-de Gennes and Floquet methods, with predictions being analysed by full numerical solutions applied to the corresponding time-dependent coupled formalism.
SPREADING OF OIL SPILLED UNDER ICE

A new set of equations is presented to describe the process of oil spreading under ice in calm waters. These equations consider the gravity (buoyancy)‐inertia phase, the gravity (buoyancy)‐viscous phase, and the termination of spreading during the buoyancy—surface‐tension phase. The derivation considers both the constant discharge mode and the constant volume mode. Therefore, a complete description of the spreading phenomena from the time of initial spill to the termination of spreading is presented. Laboratory experiments have been conducted using both real ice covers in a cold room and artificial ice covers. The experiments included different ice‐cover roughnesses from smooth to rough, oils of different viscosities, and a variety of discharge conditions. The experimental data show close agreement with the theory. These equations can be used during cleanup or environmental impact assessment to estimate the area of an oil slick with respect to time.
Geophysical constraints on the nature of the Highland Boundary Fault Zone in western Scotland

Abstract Previously published models of gravity anomalies across the Highland Boundary Fault in western Scotland interpret this structure as a high-angle reverse fault. These gravity anomalies have been re-interpreted in the light of more extensive gravity data now available, and new density data from the Highland Border Complex. The new data suggest that earlier interpretations have overestimated the fault anomaly and used over-simplified density models. New gravity models of the Highland Boundary Fault Zone are presented which show that the interface between the Dalradian and Highland Border Complex dips to the northwest at an angle of about 20°. We interpret the contact between these two formations as a thrust fault. The interface between the Highland Border Complex and the Lower Old Red Sandstone is shown to be vertical as suggested by surface geology, with the latter rocks a few hundred metres thick.
Reply to comment by Cahyarini et al. on “A snapshot of climate variability at Tahiti at 9.5 ka using a fossil coral from IODP Expedition 310”

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On the Distances to the X-Ray Binaries Cygnus X-3 and GRS 1915+105

In this paper we significantly improve estimates of distance to the X-ray binary systems Cyg X-3 and GRS 1915+105. We report a highly accurate trigonometric parallax measurement for Cyg X-3 using the Very Long Baseline Array at 43 GHz, placing the source at a distance of 9.67−0.48+0.53 kpc. We also use Galactic proper motions and line-of-sight radial velocity measurements to determine three-dimensional (3D) kinematic distances to both systems, under the assumption that they have low peculiar velocities. This yields distances of 8.95 ± 0.96 kpc for Cyg X-3 and 9.4 ± 0.6 (statistical) ± 0.8 (systematic) for GRS 1915+105. The good agreement between parallax and 3D kinematic distances validates the assumption of low peculiar velocities, and hence small natal kicks, for both of the systems. For a source with a low peculiar velocity, given its parallax distance, Cyg X-3 should have a V LSR near −64 ± 5 km s−1. Our measurements imply a slightly higher inclination angle, and hence lower black hole mass, for GRS 1915+105 than found from previous work by Reid et al. and strengthen arguments from X-ray polarization that Cyg X-3 would be an ultraluminous X-ray source if viewed face-on.