Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Petrogenesis of the Yaolinghe Group,Yunxi Group,Wudangshan Group Volcanic Rocks and Basic Dyke Swarms from Eastern Part of the South Qinling Mountains

The mid-late Neoproterozoic(676～833 Ma) Yaolinghe Group,Yunxi Group,Wudangshan Group volcanic rocks and basic dyke swarms from eastern part of South Qinling Mountains produced an intracontinental rift setting.On the basis of geochemical data,the mid-late Neoproterozoic rift-related basic lavas and basic dykes from eastern part of South Qinling Mountains generally belong to a low Ti/Y(500) magma type.Elemental and isotopic data suggest that the chemical variations of the mid-late Neoproterozoic rift-related basic lavas and basic dykes from eastern part of South Qinling Mountains can not be explained by crystallization from a common parental magma.They most likely originated from a mantle plume source(eNd(t)≈+5,Mg≈0.7,La/Nb≈0.7). Continental crustal or continental lithosphere contamination has also contributed significantly to the formation of the mid-late Neoproterozoic rift-related basic lavas and basic dykes from eastern part of the South Qinling Mountains.Our data indicate that the spatial geochemical variations existed in the mid-late Neoproterozoic rift-related volcanic rocks and basic dykes from eastern part of South Qinling Mountains.They were generally generated in a mantle source within the garnet stability field.In contrast,in the northwestern Zhen’an area the parental magmas of the Yaolinghe Group basic lavas were generated from a mantle around the spinel-garnet transition zone.The alkaline lavas were generated by lower degrees(10%) of partial melting and the tholeiitic lavas were generated by higher degrees(10%～30%) of partial melting.The parental magmas of the Wudangshan Group and Yaolinghe Group basic lavas from Wudangshan area were then subjected to shallow level gabbroic(cpx + plag ± ol) fractionation and the chemical evolution of the basic lavas and basic dykes from other areas was controlled by a clinopyroxene(cpx) ± olivine(ol) fractionation.
Implementing a medication lubricant for pill dysphagia on an acute care ward using Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles

Background Pill dysphagia, the difficulty in swallowing solid oral medications, is a common problem that can affect medication adherence and increase pill modifications. Current practices of crushing medications or using food vehicles have limitations and potential risks. This report describes the implementation of a medication lubricant, Gloup, for pill dysphagia on an acute care ward using Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles. Objective The objective of this project was to evaluate the implementation of Gloup in the acute care ward setting and assess its acceptability and uptake by patients and ward nurses during medication administration. Methods The project involved chart audits of medication administration records, collection of patient feedback, and staff feedback through meetings. Patient characteristics and medication administration practices were documented. The implementation process included education and training sessions for staff, development of a medication chart sticker for evaluation data collection and small-scale testing of Gloup with patients before ward-level implementation. Results The implementation of Gloup on the acute care ward showed high uptake and acceptability. The majority of patients using Gloup had crushed medications, and the use of Gloup varied based on patient needs. Conclusion The implementation of Gloup as a medication lubricant for pill dysphagia on an acute care ward was successful and well received by patients and staff. The use of Gloup appeared to improve medication administration practices and reduce the need for crushing medications or using food vehicles. This project highlights the importance of addressing pill dysphagia in acute care settings and provides insights for other wards considering similar interventions.
The boundary layer characteristics of two types of mesoscale convective systems along a Meiyu front

By using the surface observational data at high spatial and temporal resolutions together with simulations of the Weather Research and Forecasting model,the characteristics of atmospheric boundary layer and mechanisms of two different types of MCSs(mesoscale convective systems) which led to the Meiyu front rainstorm that occurred over the Yangtze River basin during 29-30 June 2009 are analyzed,focusing on sea level pressure field,boundary layer cold pool,dryline and its effect in MCS.The results show that there are obvious differences for the sea level pressure fields corresponding to the two distinct MCSs (referred as MCS1 and MCS2). MCS1 corresponds to boundary layer convergence line while MCS2 is composed of a mesolow and a mesohigh which are located in front of and behind the severe convective zone,respectively.The severe convective zone occurred in the transition zone between the mesolow and mesohigh.The boundary layer convergence line is an important factor in maintaining MCS1.The convergence between the boundary outflow before the boundary layer cold pool caused by the developing process of MCS1 and lower-layer wind triggered MCS2.The mesoscale dryline in the transition zone was an important characteristic of MCS2.
A Multi-Method Approach to Inferring Early Agriculturalists’ Stone Tool Use at the Crescent Bay Hunt Club Site

ABSTRACT While there has been much research on the function of stone tools via use-wear analysis, it is clear that a multipronged approach, including an evaluation of material acquisition, production, and tool use, is necessary if tool function is going to prove truly useful for understanding past cultures. Moreover, the role of chipped lithic tools in the economies of agriculture-based populations has seen little research compared to preagricultural systems. A sample of lithic artifacts from the Crescent Bay Hunt Club site, a twelfth- to fourteenth-century Oneota village at Lake Koshkonong in southeastern Wisconsin, are subjected to a multiple-method analysis to determine individual tool use. An assemblage-based analysis provides an overall understanding of the lithic economy. A combination of microscopic identification of edge damage and surface polishes and an analysis of protein residue provides independent lines of evidence that yield strong inferences about tool use in the lithic economies of sedentary agricultural groups in the midcontinent.
Nearly (?) sterile avian egg in a passerine bird

Abstract During early ontogeny, microbiome affects development of the gastrointestinal tract, immunity, and survival in vertebrates. Bird eggs are thought to be (1) initially sterile (sterile egg hypothesis) and (2) colonized after oviposition through horizontal trans-shell migration, or (3) initially seeded with bacteria by vertical transfer from mother oviduct. To date, however, little empirical data illuminate the contribution of these mechanisms to gut microbiota formation in avian embryos. We investigated microbiome of the egg content (day 0; E0-egg), embryonic gut at day 13 (E13) and female faeces in a free-living passerine, the great tit (Parus major), using a methodologically advanced procedure combining 16S rRNA gene sequencing and microbe-specific qPCR assays. Our metabarcoding revealed that the avian egg is (nearly) sterile, but acquires a slightly richer microbiome during the embryonic development. Of the three potentially pathogenic bacteria targeted by qPCR, only Dietzia was found in E0-egg (yet also in negative controls), E13 gut and female samples, which might indicate possible vertical transfer. Unlike in poultry, we have shown that major bacterial colonization of the gut in passerines does not occur before hatching. We emphasize that protocols that carefully check for environmental contamination are critical in studies with low-bacterial biomass samples.
Assessing the Toxicity of Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizers to Fishes: Insights into Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Effects

Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) are chemicals used to mitigate UV-induced damage to manufactured goods. Their presence in aquatic environments and biota raises concerns, as certain BUVSs activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is linked to adverse effects in fish. However, potencies of BUVSs as AhR agonists and species sensitivities to AhR activation are poorly understood. This study evaluated the toxicity of three BUVSs using embryotoxicity assays. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to BUVSs by microinjection suffered dose-dependent increases in mortality, with LD50 values of 4772, 11 608, and 56 292 ng/g-egg for UV-P, UV-9, and UV-090, respectively. The potencies and species sensitivities to AhR2 activation by BUVSs were assessed using a luciferase reporter gene assay with COS-7 cells transfected with the AhR2 of zebrafish and eight other fishes. The rank order of potency for activation of the AhR2 from all nine species was UV-P > UV-9 > UV-090. However, AhR2s among species differed in sensitivities to activation by up to 100-fold. An approximate reversed rank order of species sensitivity was observed compared to the rank order of sensitivity to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo[p]dioxin, the prototypical AhR agonist. Despite this, a pre-existing quantitative adverse outcome pathway linking AhR activation to embryo lethality could predict embryotoxicities of BUVSs in zebrafish.
The chromosome-scale genome and the genetic resistance machinery against insect herbivores of the Mexican toloache, Datura stramonium

Abstract Plant resistance refers to the heritable ability of plants to reduce damage caused by natural enemies, such as herbivores and pathogens, either through constitutive or induced traits like chemical compounds or trichomes. However, the genetic architecture—the number and genome location of genes that affect plant defense and the magnitude of their effects—of plant resistance to arthropod herbivores in natural populations remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to unveil the genetic architecture of plant resistance to insect herbivores in the annual herb Datura stramonium (Solanaceae) through quantitative trait loci mapping. We achieved this by assembling the species’ genome and constructing a linkage map using an F2 progeny transplanted into natural habitats. Furthermore, we conducted differential gene expression analysis between undamaged and damaged plants caused by the primary folivore, Lema daturaphila larvae. Our genome assembly resulted in 6,109 scaffolds distributed across 12 haploid chromosomes. A single quantitative trait loci region on chromosome 3 was associated with plant resistance, spanning 0 to 5.17 cM. The explained variance by the quantitative trait loci was 8.44%. Our findings imply that the resistance mechanisms of D. stramonium are shaped by the complex interplay of multiple genes with minor effects. Protein–protein interaction networks involving genes within the quantitative trait loci region and overexpressed genes uncovered the key role of receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases in signaling and regulating tropane alkaloids and terpenoids, which serve as powerful chemical defenses against D. stramonium herbivores. The data generated in our study constitute important resources for delving into the evolution and ecology of secondary compounds mediating plant–insect interactions.
Electric Bicycle-Sharing: A New Competitor in the Urban Transportation Market? An Empirical Analysis of Transaction Data

Electric bicycles (e-bikes) are a new addition to bicycle-sharing and may improve its competitiveness. E-bikes allow for higher speeds at a higher level of comfort than conventional bicycles and, compared with traditional bicycle-sharing, e-bike-sharing is better positioned to complement or compete with existing public transportation, or to even challenge established taxi services. In this paper, eight months of transaction data from a free-floating e-bike-sharing system in Zürich, Switzerland, were used to study the market position of e-bike sharing and drivers of demand. The results of the analysis indicate that a large proportion of the trips are commuting, and that the distance range of e-bike-sharing trips overlaps with the distance ranges of traditional public transportation and taxi services. Intensity of use is sensitive to precipitation. Spatial regression modeling indicates that economic and social activity, public transportation service quality, and the availability of bicycle infrastructure are key drivers of demand for free-floating e-bike-sharing. Given the substantial differences in the service compared with traditional bicycle-sharing, a new fifth generation of bicycle-sharing schemes is proposed.
The International Human Papillomavirus Reference Center: Standardization, collaboration, and quality assurance in HPV research and diagnostics

The International Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Reference Center (IHRC) confirms and assigns type numbers to novel HPV types, maintains a reference clone repository, and issues international proficiency panels for HPV screening and genotyping. Furthermore, the Center coordinates the Global HPV Reference Laboratory Network that promotes collaboration and international exchange of experiences among national HPV reference laboratories, to further international standardization and quality assurance in the HPV field. The established HPV types (n = 225) belong to 5 different genera: alpha (n = 65), beta (n = 54), gamma (n = 102), mu (n = 3) and nu (n = 1). Since the last published IHRC overview in 2018, 6 novel types have been established, with 5/6 belonging to the gamma genus and 1/6 to beta genus. Also, 474 reference clones have been provided to 55 different research laboratories and the global proficiency program for HPV genotyping has seen an increasing proficiency (despite a decrease seen in 2019), from 68% proficiency in 2017 to 77.3% in 2022. The first proficiency study for HPV screening found an international proficiency of up to 77%. In summary, increasing complexity of the HPVs and demands on quality assurance in the era of cervical cancer elimination requires international efforts to support proficiency and recognized quality and order among HPV types.
Increased expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 alters early T‐cell receptor signaling and differentiation of CD4+ T cells in chronic heart failure

CD4+ T‐cell counts are increased and activated in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), whereas regulatory T‐cell (Treg) expansion is inhibited, probably due to aberrant T‐cell receptor (TCR) signaling. TCR signaling is affected by protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) in autoimmune disorders, but whether PTPN22 influences TCR signaling in CHF remains unclear. This observational case–control study included 45 patients with CHF [18 patients with ischemic heart failure versus 27 patients with nonischemic heart failure (NIHF)] and 16 non‐CHF controls. We used flow cytometry to detect PTPN22 expression, tyrosine phosphorylation levels, zeta‐chain‐associated protein kinase, 70 kDa (ZAP‐70) inhibitory residue tyrosine 292 and 319 phosphorylation levels, and CD4+ T cell and Treg proportions. We conducted lentivirus‐mediated PTPN22 RNA silencing in isolated CD4+ T cells. PTPN22 expression increased in the CD4+ T cells of patients with CHF compared with that in controls. PTPN22 expression was positively correlated with left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter and type B natriuretic peptide but negatively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction in the NIHF group. ZAP‐70 tyrosine 292 phosphorylation was decreased, which correlated positively with PTPN22 overexpression in patients with NIHF and promoted early TCR signaling. PTPN22 silencing induced Treg differentiation in CD4+ T cells from patients with CHF, which might account for the reduced frequency of peripheral Tregs in these patients. PTPN22 is a potent immunomodulator in CHF and might play an essential role in the development of CHF by promoting early TCR signaling and impairing Treg differentiation from CD4+ T cells.
Multivariate study of lice (Insecta: Psocodea: Phthiraptera) assemblages hosted by hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae)

Lice were collected from 579 hummingbirds, representing 49 species, in 19 locations in Brazil, Costa Rica, Honduras, Paraguay and Peru, at elevations 0 – 3000 m above sea level. The following variables were included in an ecological analysis (1) host species ’ mean body mass, sexual size dimorphism, sexual dichromatism, migratory behaviour and dominance behaviour; (2) mean elevation, mean and predictability of temperature, mean and predictability of precipitation of the host species ’ geographic area; (3) prevalence and mean abundance of species of lice as measures of infestation. Ordination methods were applied to evaluate data structure. Since the traits are expressed at different scales (nominal, interval and ratio), a principal component analysis based on d-correlations for the traits and a principal coordinates analysis based on the Gower index for species were applied. Lice or louse eggs were found on 80 (13.8%) birds of 22 species. A total of 267 lice of 4 genera, Trochiloecetes , Trochiliphagus , Myrsidea and Leremenopon , were collected, with a total mean intensity of 4.6. There were positive interactions between migration behaviour and infestation indices, with elevational migrants having a higher prevalence and abundance of lice than resident birds. Further, we found weak negative correlations between host body mass and infestation indices and positive correlations between mean elevation and prevalence and abundance of Trochiliphagus . Thus, formerly unknown differences in the ecological characteristics and infestation measures of Trochiliphagus and Trochiloecetes lice were revealed, which allows a better understanding of these associations and their potential impacts on hummingbirds.
Stimulus-response specificity of human conduit artery flow mediated dilation

An increase in blood flow associated shear stress results in an endothelial dependent increase in vessel diameter (flow mediated vasodilation (FMD)). Assessment of FMD can provide an index of endothelial function. The stimulus profiles that have been used to investigate FMD in human conduit arteries fall into two categories: reactive hyperemia and sustained stimuli. Stimulus-response specificity proposes that the stimulus characteristics (e.g. magnitude, pattern) are essential determinants of the response characteristics (e.g. magnitude, mechanisms). Purpose: To investigate four specific aspects of FMD stimulus-response specificity: 1) The relative importance of the peak vs. the duration of reactive hyperemia in determining FMD response magnitude. 2) The nitric oxide (NO) dependence of FMD following different durations of reactive hyperemia. 3) The impact of sustained shear stress stimulus magnitude on FMD response dynamics and magnitude. 4) FMD dynamics and magnitude in response to steady vs. oscillatory shear stress evoked passively or via exercise. Methods: Doppler ultrasound was applied to the brachial or radial artery to measure blood flow velocity. Vessel diameter was measured with automated edge detection software. Shear rate, an estimate of shear stress was calculated as the blood flow velocity/vessel diameter. Results: 1) The duration of reactive hyperemia is an important determinant of peak FMD magnitude while the independent contribution of the peak shear to FMD is minimal. 2) NO is not obligatory to FMD following either a five or a ten minute duration occlusion. 3) FMD in response to a sustained stimulus is characterized by a generally bi-phasic response with a fast first phase followed by a slower final phase. 4) The endothelium transduces the mean shear stress when it is exposed passive or handgrip exercise induced oscillations in shear stress.
Prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in Morocco: Comparative assessment of three diagnostic methods and characterization of parasite forms in Jones’ culture medium

Blastocystosis is an infection caused by Blastocystis sp. , which colonizes the digestive tract of various hosts, including humans, although its pathogenicity is debated. It is crucial to detect and distinguish the different forms of Blastocystis to understand better its impact on human health and its epidemiological evolution. This study evaluated three diagnostic methods on 105 stool samples: direct examination, culture in Jones’ medium, and conventional PCR. PCR is considered the gold standard and revealed a high prevalence of Blastocystis (67.62%) compared to direct examination (20.95%) and culture in Jones’ medium (51.43%). Although the sensitivity of direct examination and culture was 31% and 76.1%, respectively, their specificity was 100%. No significant risk factors were identified. A statistically significant association was observed between Blastocystis infection and abdominal pain. Microscopic analysis revealed various morphological forms. Molecular diagnosis is an essential tool to determine the true prevalence of Blastocystis, and studying the different forms of this microorganism will contribute to a better understanding of its biological cycle and, therefore, the impact of this emerging infection on human health.
Radiomics from multisite MRI and clinical data to predict clinically significant prostate cancer

Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful in the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). MRI-derived radiomics may support the diagnosis of csPCa. Purpose To investigate whether adding radiomics from biparametric MRI to predictive models based on clinical and MRI parameters improves the prediction of csPCa in a multisite-multivendor setting. Material and Methods Clinical information (PSA, PSA density, prostate volume, and age), MRI reviews (PI-RADS 2.1), and radiomics (histogram and texture features) were retrieved from prospectively included patients examined at different radiology departments and with different MRI systems, followed by MRI-ultrasound fusion guided biopsies of lesions PI-RADS 3–5. Predictive logistic regression models of csPCa (Gleason score ≥7) for the peripheral (PZ) and transition zone (TZ), including clinical data and PI-RADS only, and combined with radiomics, were built and compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results In total, 456 lesions in 350 patients were analyzed. In PZ and TZ, PI-RADS 4-5 and PSA density, and age in PZ, were independent predictors of csPCa in models without radiomics. In models including radiomics, PI-RADS 4-5, PSA density, age, and ADC energy were independent predictors in PZ, and PI-RADS 5, PSA density and ADC mean in TZ. Comparison of areas under the ROC curve (AUC) for the models without radiomics (PZ: AUC = 0.82, TZ: AUC = 0.80) versus with radiomics (PZ: AUC = 0.82, TZ: AUC = 0.82) showed no significant differences (PZ: P = 0.366; TZ: P = 0.171). Conclusion PSA density and PI-RADS are potent predictors of csPCa. Radiomics do not add significant information to our multisite-multivendor dataset.