Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Salbutamol Attenuates Diabetic Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Myostatin/GDF-8, and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Rats

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder that leads to accelerated skeletal muscle atrophy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of salbutamol (SLB) on skeletal muscle atrophy in high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n = 6): control, SLB, HFD/STZ, and HFD/STZ + SLB (6 mg/kg orally for four weeks). After the last dose of SLB, rats were assessed for muscle grip strength and muscle coordination (wire-hanging, rotarod, footprint, and actophotometer tests). Body composition was analyzed in live rats. After that, animals were sacrificed, and serum and gastrocnemius (GN) muscles were collected. Endpoints include myofibrillar protein content, muscle oxidative stress and antioxidants, serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, and interleukin-6), serum muscle markers (myostatin, creatine kinase, and testosterone), histopathology, and muscle 1H NMR metabolomics. Findings showed that SLB treatment significantly improved muscle strength and muscle coordination, as well as increased lean muscle mass in diabetic rats. Increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and muscle markers (myostatin, creatine kinase) indicate muscle deterioration in diabetic rats, while SLB intervention restored the same. Also, Feret’s diameter and cross-sectional area of GN muscle were increased by SLB treatment, indicating the amelioration in diabetic rat muscle. Results of muscle metabolomics exhibit that SLB treatment resulted in the restoration of perturbed metabolites, including histidine-to-tyrosine, phenylalanine-to-tyrosine, and glutamate-to-glutamine ratios and succinate, sarcosine, and 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) in diabetic rats. These metabolites showed a pertinent role in muscle inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic rats. In conclusion, findings showed that salbutamol could be explored as an intervention in diabetic-associated skeletal muscle atrophy.
The effect of rapeseed stand density on the formation of generative organs

This experiment was carried out for the study of differences in dynamics of formation and reduction of generative organs from the beginning of the flowering to the harvest, under different stand density of the winter rapeseed. The evaluation of the results of the study of stand density, confirms that from the technological point of view it is appro priate to choose a thinner population of rapeseed. Starting with the stand density of 60 plants/m 2 we do not observe significant differences in plants during the generative stage, neither in the number of branches nor in the number of created generative organs. At this density (60 plants/m 2 ) a significant reduction of generative organs takes place, especially on the secondary branches. Differences in the number of fertile branches are visible in case of more dense populations only in the harvest. From the point of view of the yield it is more advantageous to support the creation of generative organs on primary racemes by agricultural interventions.
Using drug information to bridge basic science with pharmacy practice

Background: Drug Information (DI) skills are essential to pharmacists and encompass information retrieval along with literature evaluation on drug characteristics, including foundational sciences. A novel approach was implemented using DI focused learning opportunities to educate first year learners about clinical relevance and integration of basic science concepts into pharmacist knowledge. Methods: A lecture introduced the integration by mapping sections of a drug’s prescribing information to all courses in the University of Kansas School of Pharmacy curriculum. An innovative activity required students to use the knowledge obtained from concurrent P1 courses to determine the cause of death of a fictional patient. Other activities included answering drug availability questions on the clinical development process and presenting a research article. Assessment of learning was based on student performance. Results: From 2019 to 2021, the proportion of students who determined the cause of death ranged from 59-67%, and the mean scores for the drug development assignments were 94-95%. The median score was 8/10 for the rubric item discussing the relevance of the research article to basic science and/or pharmacy practice, and total scores for the presentation ranged from 80-98%. Conclusion: Based on the results, students demonstrated their understanding of the relationship between basic science and pharmacy practice.
Radiation Optic Neuropathy: Management Options

Background: Radiation optic neuropathy may be one side effect of ionizing radiation exposure to the eye found in a minority of patients. It is generally devastating for visual function and has been the subject of a small but growing literature with respect to its pathophysiology, treatment, and expected outcomes. Summary: Clinical features include optic disc edema, peripapillary hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, and hard exudates. Visual acuity is generally significantly reduced. Treatment has been attempted with outcomes that have not been assessed by randomized trials. Observation may be indicated in addition to treatment. Key Messages: Radiation optic neuropathy is known to generally be devastating to vision though an uncommon side effect of radiation. Treatment has been attempted with mixed results.
Relationship Between State Legitimacy, Economic Policy Uncertainty, and Entrepreneurship: Empirical Evidence From Europe

This study aims to analyze the relationships between economic policy uncertainty (EPU), state legitimacy, entrepreneurial activity, and business opportunities. To achieve this goal, 13 European countries are selected for the period 2002 to 2018. Applying partial least squares structural equation modeling, relevant findings were obtained. The results show that higher economic uncertainty is associated with an increase in a country’s entrepreneurial activity, although the perception of entrepreneurial opportunities does not increase. We also observed an inverse relationship between EPU and legitimacy. A higher perception of legitimacy is related to lower entrepreneurial activity and higher opportunities for entrepreneurship. These findings have relevant implications. From the academic point of view, the results make new contributions to research related to the importance of the institutional context and entrepreneurial activity, considering the relationships between EPU and legitimacy and their influence on entrepreneurial activity. We also highlight how policymakers may influence the perception of state legitimacy and, therefore, have an impact on entrepreneurial activities and opportunities.
Deciphering Machine Learning Decisions to Distinguish between Posterior Fossa Tumor Types Using MRI Features: What Do the Data Tell Us?

Simple Summary This paper focuses on interpreting machine learning (ML) models’ decisions in medical diagnoses, specifically for four types of posterior fossa tumors in pediatric patients. The proposed methodology involves using kernel density estimations with Gaussian distributions to analyze individual MRI features, assess their relationships, and comprehensively study ML model behavior. The study demonstrates that employing a simplified approach in the absence of large datasets can lead to more pronounced and explainable outcomes. Furthermore, the pre-analysis results consistently align with the outputs of ML models and existing clinical findings. By bridging the knowledge gap between ML and medical outcomes, this research contributes to a better understanding of ML-based diagnoses for pediatric brain tumors. Abstract Machine learning (ML) models have become capable of making critical decisions on our behalf. Nevertheless, due to complexity of these models, interpreting their decisions can be challenging, and humans cannot always control them. This paper provides explanations of decisions made by ML models in diagnosing four types of posterior fossa tumors: medulloblastoma, ependymoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, and brainstem glioma. The proposed methodology involves data analysis using kernel density estimations with Gaussian distributions to examine individual MRI features, conducting an analysis on the relationships between these features, and performing a comprehensive analysis of ML model behavior. This approach offers a simple yet informative and reliable means of identifying and validating distinguishable MRI features for the diagnosis of pediatric brain tumors. By presenting a comprehensive analysis of the responses of the four pediatric tumor types to each other and to ML models in a single source, this study aims to bridge the knowledge gap in the existing literature concerning the relationship between ML and medical outcomes. The results highlight that employing a simplistic approach in the absence of very large datasets leads to significantly more pronounced and explainable outcomes, as expected. Additionally, the study also demonstrates that the pre-analysis results consistently align with the outputs of the ML models and the clinical findings reported in the existing literature.
Highly informative simple sequences repeat (SSR) markers reveal the large genetic diversity of mango (Mangifera indica) germplasm in China

The genetic diversity of mango (Mangifera indica L.) was determined among 188 mango accessions using 40 SSR markers. A total of 303 alleles were discovered, with a mean value of 7.58 and an average PIC of 0.583, showing that the SSR markers utilized in this investigation was quite informative. High Shannon’s index (1.304) and He (0.624) reflected the high genetic diversity of Chinese mango genetic resources. PCoA analysis and phenogram analysis divided the accessions broadly into groups representing their geographical origins and suggested a clear separation between M. indica and M. persiciformis. This expanded awareness of the genetic diversity of mango germplasm would aid breeders in choosing better parents, hence accelerating the delivery of improved cultivars to industry in order to satisfy consumer demand.
Distribution of Old Fukugi (Garcinia subelliptica) Trees in Traditional Cultural Landscapes in Okinawa Islands in Japan

A traditional Feng Shui village landscape in Okinawa features multilayered forest belts closely surrounding the habitat. Fukugi (Garcinia subelliptica) trees, Ryukyu pines and other native species were planted to protect the hamlet and the island from strong winds. Among these species, Fukugi distinguishes itself as being long-lived and strong against typhoons and monsoonal winds. Through surveying the distribution of huge remnant Fukugi trees in the old hamlets, this study is to explore when and how such a Feng Shui hamlet was built and the layout that is still a mystery to historians, and further probe into the cultural and historical significances of Fukugi. Through this survey of total 183 hamlets throughout Okinawa Gunto, mainland Okinawa and its nearby 16 small isolated islands, we found that about one third of all surveyed hamlets had huge trees older than 250 yrs. , and these hamlets were distributed in a wide area not only on mainland Okinawa but also on the isolated islands. The estimated age of the biggest Fukugi was about 373 yrs. old. Besides, around the houses, Fukugi trees were also found to have been planted around sacred sites and the old public offices. Thus, such traditional hamlets can date back to the 17 Century, and may have been wide-spread throughout Okinawa Gunto since the early half of the 18 Century. All existent huge Fukugi trees were purposely planted. From the standing locations of Fukugi trees around the human habitat, around sacred sites, and even public office sites, it is obvious that the Fukugi tree was considered as an auspicious tree species besides being a useful and strong species.
Legal Analysis For Mangrove Illegal Logging In Sangkub Area

The purpose of this study is to find out the legal analysis of mangrove illegal logging in the Sangkub coastal area. The research method used is the dualism of normative-empirical legal research whereby research uses normative-empirical legal case studies in the form of legal behavioral products. The approach used is a juridical approach and analytical technique using qualitative analytical methods. The results show that Law Enforcement in the Field of Illegal Logging for environmental sustainability has not been resolved properly. Then many rules must be implemented, but law enforcement looks away with excitement that will damage the environment in coastal areas. Furthermore, forest crimes cannot be solved using forestry instruments alone. What is needed is cooperation between parties such as non-governmental organizations, the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), the Police of the Republic of Indonesia (POLRI), and others. To restore the function of mangrove forests as protectors of coastal areas, it is necessary to plan a comprehensive mangrove sustainable rehabilitation program that involves all important elements of conservation areas, namely communities, regional managers, and local governments.Keywords: Logging; Wild; Mangrove.
Environmental and Health Impacts Associated with Usage of Agrochemicals in Mindu Dam Catchment Area, Morogoro, Tanzania

A field based study was conducted during 2004 – 2006 to assess the environmental, human and animal health risks associated with usage of agrochemicals in Mindu dam catchment area (MDCA), in Morogoro, Tanzania. Heads of 268 households were interviewed using a questionnaire with structured and semi-structured questions. Fertilizers, insecticides and fungicides were the most commonly used agrochemicals in tomato production, which was the main crop cultivated. Endosulfan was the only organochlorine pesticide used in vegetable production. The majority of the farmers purchased agrochemicals that were repacked in unlabelled non-original containers, which were later reused for domestic purposes. About 73% of the farmers applied agrochemicals without protective gears. High risk groups to agrochemical exposure in the area were men, retailers and children. Farmers’ perceived impacts of agrochemical usage included getting sick, deaths of people and animals and environmental pollution. Information obtained from this study was used to identify appropriate foci and target groups for interventions to reduce the health risks associated with the usage of agrochemicals in the area. This assessment identified three foci and target groups for interventions: training of farmers on good agricultural practices, strengthening agricultural extension services, and reinforcing regulatory services. Key words : aquatic environment, fertilizers, humans, pollution, pesticides
Efficiently computing DGGS cell representations of spatial geometries

: Traditional analysis of geospatial data is limited to those with expertise in Geographic Information Systems (GISs) and access to GIS tools. Furthermore, these systems require computationally demanding mathematical operations which creates an increasingly significant computational barrier to geospatial analysis. Especially so as modern geospatial practices occur at a higher volume with more detailed geometries. However, many complex operations can be replaced with simpler set theory operations. This is achieved with Discrete Global Grid Systems (DGGS). A DGGS tessellates the earth with cells (and their unique identifiers) of a predefined and arbitrarily small size, therefore facilitating the representation of geospatial regions from sets of cell identifiers to any desired resolution. When a vector formatted geospatial polygon is mapped onto a DGGS grid and represented by a set of cells, simpler set theory can be used between it and other geospatial regions also represented by a set of cells. Topological relationships can be inferred from these sets of cell identifiers alone as each are uniquely identified across the tessellating grid and between cell levels. This paper concerns the rHEALPIX DGGS (Gibb, 2016), however, results can be generalized to computing cell representations in other DGGSs. A prerequisite to exploiting the efficiencies enabled by DGGS cell representations of geospatial regions is to first compute them from the traditionally vector formatted geometries. There are many algorithmic strategies to compute a DGGS cell representation of a vector formatted polygon, each with contrasting advantages and disadvantages. This paper investigates the optimal algorithmic strategy given a particular vector formatted polygon and their features. The investigation will involve a comparison between two contrasting algorithmic strategies that have been implemented using the rHEALPIX DGGS engine (Manaaki Whenua, 2020). The algorithms are run on a diverse set of test data for a range of desired resolutions. It was ultimately found that:
Optimizing Inventory Management in Food & Beverage Department Hotel

The application of inventory management in the hotel's Food & Beverage (F&B) division is examined in this article. The F&B division struggles greatly to maintain ideal stock levels while assuring effective operations and lowering costs. The department uses a well-known inventory management model and seeks to balance the price of placing orders with the cost of maintaining inventory. The main ideas of Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) are covered in this article along with its advantages and some useful tips for using it in the F&B department. It is anticipated that the application of EOQ will improve inventory control, decrease stockouts and surplus inventory, and eventually increase profitability and customer satisfaction. This study uses a mixed-method research methodology that combines quantitative analysis and qualitative insights The result of the study explains the application of Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) in the Food & Beverage (F&B) department of Jayakarta Hotels & Resorts can improve inventory management, reduce costs, and enhance operational efficiency. The department can achieve better inventory control and resource management by accurately forecasting demand, assessing supplier performance, and utilizing inventory management software. Overall, the study suggests that EOQ implementation can significantly affect inventory optimization in the F&B department.
Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane-catalyzed Hydride Transfer Reactions in Polysiloxane Chemistry—Piers–Rubinsztajn Reaction and Related Processes

Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (TPFPB) is a unique Lewis acid that catalyzes the condensation between hydrosilanes (Si-H) and alkoxysilanes (Si-OR), leading to the formation of siloxane bonds (Si-OSi) with the release of hydrocarbon (R-H) as a byproduct—the so-called Piers–Rubinsztajn reaction. The analogous reactions of hydrosilanes with silanols (Si-OH), alcohols (R-OH), ethers (R-OR′) or water in the presence of TPFPB leads to the formation of a siloxane bond, alkoxysilane (Si-OR or Si-OR′) or silanol (Si-OH), respectively. The above processes, often referred to as Piers–Rubinsztajn reactions, provide new synthetic tools for the controlled synthesis of siloxane materials under mild conditions with high yields. The common feature of these reactions is the TPFPB-mediated hydride transfer from silicon to carbon or hydrogen. This review presents a summary of 20 years of research efforts related to this field, with a focus on new synthetic methodologies leading to numerous previously difficult to synthesize well-defined siloxane oligomers, polymers and copolymers of a complex structure and potential applications of these new materials. In addition, the mechanistic aspects of the recently discovered reactions involving hydride transfer from silicon to silicon are discussed in more detail.
The Impact of Audit Committee Quality on Best Practices of Whistleblowing: Evidence From Brazilian Companies

Abstract This study examines the influence of audit committee quality on best practices in whistleblowing channels in Brazilian companies. Using a tobit regression analysis on a unique hand-collected sample from 397 B3-listed firms, the study finds a positive association between audit committee quality and best practices in whistleblowing. This finding indicates an effort on the part of audit committees to implement a set of practices to encourage and protect whistleblowers. In contrast, we find a negative association with firms in the financial industry and the percentage of ownership attributable to the largest shareholder. These findings indicate that firms in the financial industry and ownership concentration could discourage whistleblowers.
On Model-Free Adaptive Control and Its Stability Analysis

In this paper, the main issues of model-based control methods are first reviewed, followed by the motivations and the state of the art of the model-free adaptive control (MFAC). MFAC is a novel data-driven control method for a class of unknown nonaffine nonlinear discrete-time systems since neither explicit physical model nor Lyapunov stability theory or key technical lemma is used in the controller design and theoretical analysis except only for the input/output (I/O) measurement data. The basis of MFAC is the dynamic linearization data modeling method at each operating point of the closed-loop system. The established dynamic linearization data model is a virtual equivalent data relationship in the I/O sense to the original nonlinear plant by means of a novel concept called pseudo-partial derivative (PPD) or pseudo-gradient (PG) vector. Based on this virtual equivalent dynamic linearization data model and the time-varying PPD or PG estimation algorithm designed merely using the I/O measurements of a controlled plant, the MFAC system is constructed. The main contribution of this paper is that the theoretical analysis of the bounded-input bounded-output stability, the monotonic convergence of the tracking error dynamics, and the internal stability of the full form dynamic linearization based MFAC scheme are rigorously presented by the contraction mapping principle; the well known PID control and the traditional adaptive control for linear time-invariant systems are explicitly shown as the special cases of this MFAC. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
S118: A CHEMOTHERAPY-FREE COMBINATION OF PONATINIB AND BLINATUMOMAB FOR PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED PHILADELPHIA CHROMOSOME-POSITIVE ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS FROM A PHASE II STUDY

Ponatinib and blinatumomab are both active in Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The combination of these two drugs could offer an effective chemotherapy-free strategy for patients (pts) with Ph+ ALL and reduce the need for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT)
Serum miRNA-146a and vitamin D values in chronic renal ailment with and without comorbid cardiovascular disease

ABSTRACT Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global concern and is a serious health issue that is closely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Accordingly, there is a rising clinical demand for promoting the importance of the screening and diagnosis of CVD in CKD patients. The purpose of this research was to assess the effectiveness of blood microRNA-146a and vitamin D levels in CKD detection and cardiovascular complications prediction. When CKD participants, either complicated or not, were compared to the control group, plasma rates of Vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and microRNA-146a were greater, while serum vitamin D values were markedly smaller. Hence, although blood miR-RNA146a quantities can be used as a reliable and particular CKD biomarker, they cannot be used to identify CVD in CKD patients since its level was not significantly different in CKD and CKD+CVD patients.