Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cinematographic continuity edits across shot scales and camera angles: an ERP analysis

Film editing has attracted great theoretical and practical interest since the beginnings of cinematography. In recent times, the neural correlates of visual transitions at edit cuts have been at the focus of attention in neurocinematics. Many Event Related Potential (ERP) studies studies have reported the consequences of cuts involving narrative discontinuities, and violations of standard montage rules. However, less is known about edits that are meant to induce continuity. Here, we addressed the neural correlates of continuity editing involving scale, and angle variations across the cut within the same scene, two of the most popular devices used for continuity editing. We recorded the electroencephalographic signal obtained from 20 viewers as they watched four different cinematographic excerpts to extract ERPs at edit points. First, we were able to reproduce the general time and scalp distribution of the typical ERPs to filmic cuts in prior studies. Second, we found significant ERP modulations triggered by scale changes (scale out, scale in, or maintaining the same scale). Edits involving an increase in scale (scale out) led to amplification of the ERP deflection, and scale reduction (scale in) led to decreases, compared to edits that kept scale across the cut. These modulations coincide with the time window of the N300 and N400 components and, according to previous findings, their amplitude has been associated with the likelihood of consciously detecting the edit. Third, we did not detect similar modulations as a function of angle variations across the cut. Based on these findings, we suggest that cuts involving reduction of scale are more likely to go unnoticed, than ones that scale out. This relationship between scale in/out and visibility is documented in film edition manuals. Specifically, in order to achieve fluidity in a scene, the edition is designed from the most opened shots to the most closed ones.
On the classical estimation of bivariate copula-based Seemingly unrelated tobit models through the proposed inference function for augmented margins method

This paper extends the analysis of the bivariate Seemingly Unrelated (SUR) Tobit by modeling its nonlinear dependence structure through copula and assuming non-normal marginal error distributions. For model estimation, the use of copula methods enables the use of the (classical) Inference Function for Margins (IFM) method by Joe and Xu (1996), which is more computationally attractive (feasible) than the full maximum likelihood approach. However, our simulation study shows that the IFM method provides a biased estimate of the copula parameter in the presence of censored observations in both margins. In order to obtain an unbiased estimate of the copula association parameter, we propose/develop a modified version of the IFM method, which we refer to as Inference Function for Augmented Margins (IFAM). Since the usual asymptotic approach, that is the computation of the asymptotic covariance matrix of the parameter estimates, is troublesome, we propose the use of resampling procedures (bootstrap methods) to obtain confidence intervals for the copula-based SUR Tobit model parameters. The satisfactory results from the simulation and empirical studies indicate the adequate performance of our proposed model and methods. We illustrate our procedure using bivariate data on consumption of salad dressings and lettuce by U.S. individuals.
How Prevalent Are Credit-Constrained Firms in the Formal Private Sector?: Evidence Using Global Surveys

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.
Selective Insolubility of (cid:2) -Synuclein in Human Lewy Body Diseases Is Recapitulated in a Transgenic Mouse Model

(cid:2) -Synuclein ( (cid:2) -SYN) is deposited in intraneuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (Lewy bodies, LBs) characteristic for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and LB dementias. (cid:2) -SYN forms LB-like fibrils in vitro , in contrast to its homologue (cid:3) -SYN. Here we have investigated the solubility of SYNs in human LB diseases and in transgenic
DESEASONALISED FORECASTING MODEL OF RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION USING FUZZY TIME SERIES

Flood is a frequent occurrence which has a high calamity impact on human lifestyle, environment and economics. Although, there are various methods in the vast literature to predict rainfall distributions so as to prevent flood occurrences, the accuracy of these methods still remain a huge concern. Therefore, this study explores the application of the fuzzy time series method in order to obtain more accurate rainfall distribution predictions. Data for the study were collected from the Drainage and Irrigation Department Perlis (DID) of Malaysia. The data were analysed and validated using the mean square error (MSE) and the root mean squared error (RMSE). The result of the validation was compared with selected results in previous methods. The validation analysis depicts that this method has a higher forecasting accuracy than the previous methods.
Volatile fluxes at rifting and subduction margins: Review of results from the NSF MARGINS and GeoPRISMS programs

he NSF MARGINS and GeoPRISMS programs have generated and applied new knowledge through community-driven interdisciplinary research on focus sites. In both programs, the role of volatiles in many aspects of the Earth system was recognized, and science plans developed through community meetings and workshops highlighted volatiles and their exchange between the Earth’s interior and exterior. As a result, not only were numerous key discoveries made, but also known processes were quantified and allowed for consideration within the broader Earth science framework. Results related to volatile fluxes at subduction zones and rifted continental margins are briefly reviewed here. Research advances catalyzed through these two programs include better quantification of volatiles stored in the oceanic and continental lithosphere, the processes of hydration of subducted lithosphere and their effect on volatile transport into the mantle, quantification of carbon fluxes from continental rifts, quantification of volatile fluxes into and out of subduction zones, and the role of the forearc for volatile storage. Here we provide a short summary of some of the accomplishments regarding volatiles, with a focus on MARGINS and GeoPRISMS sites.
Stirling engine as simple as possible

Within isothermal analysis of Stirling engine analytical expressions for a pressure as a function of crank angle and for a work are found. The efficiency is numerical calculated for a wide range of temperatures. In contrast to the efficiency of the Carnot cycle, which is monotonically increasing function of the ratio of temperatures of heat baths, the efficiency of the Stirling engine has its maximum. The value of this maximum, as well as the corresponding ratio of heat baths temperatures, depends on a molar heat capacity of the working substance.
Novel topological and temporal network analyses for EEG functional connectivity with applications to Alzheimer’s disease

This doctoral thesis outlines several methodological advances in network science aimed towards uncovering rapid, complex interdependencies of electromagnetic brain activity recorded from the Electroencephalogram (EEG). This entails both new analyses and modelling of EEG brain network topologies and a novel approach to analyse rapid dynamics of connectivity. Importantly, we implement these advances to provide novel insights into pathological brain function in Alzheimer’s disease. We introduce the concept of hierarchical complexity of network topology, providing both an index to measure it and a model to simulate it. We then show that the topology of functional connectivity estimated from EEG recordings is hierarchically complex, existing in a scale between random and star-like topologies, this is a paradigm shift from the established understanding that complexity arises between random and regular topologies. We go on to consider the density appropriate for binarisation of EEG functional connectivity, a methodological step recommended to produce compact and unbiased networks, in light of its new-found hierarchical complexity. Through simulations and real EEG data, we show the benefit of going beyond often recommended sparse representations to account for a broader range of hierarchy level interactions. After this, we turn our attention to assessing dynamic changes in connectivity. By constructing a unified framework for multivariate signals and graphs, inspired by network science and graph signal processing, we introduce graph-variate signal analysis which allows us to capture rapid fluctuations in connectivity robust to spurious short-term correlations. We define this for three pertinent brain connectivity estimatesPearson’s correlation coefficient, coherence and phase-lag indexand show its benefit over standard dynamic connectivity measures in a range of simulations and real data. Applying these novel methods to EEG datasets of the performance of visual short-term memory binding tasks by familial and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease patients, we uncover disorganisation
Digital Collections

This paper aims to articulate how ‘traditional’ gender roles are resisted, conformed to, and changed among youth within the context of Vietnam’s emerging market economy and consumer culture. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of how gender conceptions have progressed throughout Vietnamese history was a significant portion of my research. The data collection consisted of qualitative data through online surveys and in-depth interviews to understand the impacts of Vietnamese gender conceptions on the embodied sexual experiences and perceptions of university students in Ho Chi Minh City. My findings suggest that contemporary Vietnamese youth, specifically students residing in Ho Chi Minh City, are enmeshed in a web of both market and familial pressures, drastically impacting their sex perceptions and experiences. The way that students are impacted by these changes are directly correlated to gender conceptions, of which produce distinct experiences and sometimes, negative sexual health outcomes. It becomes increasingly clear that in order to address issues such as high abortion rates, early pregnancies, sexual assault, and rape, the state must implement policies that listen to the lived experiences, desires, and frustrations of Vietnamese youth.
Exploring potentials and limitations of the adaptive thermal heat balance framework

Recently, a framework for an adaptive thermal heat balance (ATHB) model was presented with the objective to combine the adaptive comfort approach with existing heat balance models. This was done by setting up equations for each of the three adaptive processes (behavioural, physiological, and psychological) individually to modify the input values for the clothing level and metabolic rate of the PMV calculation. This paper explores the application of this framework to the SET model together with further potentials related to the implementation of psychological factors. Thereby, the predictive power of the implemented framework is tested against the performance of the PMV-model, modified PMV-models such as aPMV or ePMV, and modified SET-models using data from unpublished field studies in 2 naturally ventilated and 4 mixed mode office buildings. The results show, that the indices related to the ATHB approach outperform the other indices in terms of predicting thermal sensation. In addition, coefficients for psychological adaption showed a linear relationship with building characteristics and perceived control. The implementation of adjusted psychological coefficients further improved the performance. In conclusion, the results support the applicability of the adaptive thermal heat balance model to a broad context given additional studies supporting these findings.
Assessing the Probability of Bankruptcy Assessing the Probability of Bankruptcy

: Knowing whether or not a company is financial stable has always been a top concern for analysts and money managers. This paper compares the effectiveness of default prediction using two different types of measures: accounting and market based. Accounting measures have been the most popular even though, according to theory, a market based measure reflects all available information. Theory goes as far to say that accounting measures can add no incremental value to a market based measure. In my research I found that accounting based measures can be effective in their predictive power; the market-based measure (BSM) results were much more difficult to estimate within the limits of this research project.
A Study on the Impact of Class Imbalance on CNNs for Bee Health Detection

This work covers the implications of class imbalance on a Convolutional Neural Network designed for bee health detection. With domestic bee populations facing a diverse range of possibly deadly conditions, a computer-based warning system would improve their survivability by reducing monitoring overhead for beekeepers. Class imbalance is a common issue in health-related datasets, with healthy examples being abundant, while examples of disease are more uncommon. Such imbalance tends to skews the performance of a neural network towards the healthy examples. This thesis studies the effect of this problem and compares multiple possible solutions to it. A CNN for bee health detection was constructed on a public dataset, and the approaches of oversampling, undersampling and cost sensitive classification together with their combinations were compared. The experiments showed oversampling performs very well, although its performance comes with the large downside of overfitting. Cost sensitive classification boosts the minority classes, while losing some performance on the majority classes with no visible downside. Overall, it produced the most desirable outcome, with the option to better the performance of another technique by working in conjunction with it. Undersampling falls short on this dataset due to the large amount of lost information hampering its performance.
The inconvenient truth about thinking chickens. Animal Sentience

Editor’s Note: Lori Marino’s article is published in Animal Cognition . The article is Open Access. Open Peer Commentary in Animal Sentience is intended primarily for target articles published in Animal Sentience , but in special cases it can be extended to articles that have already been published elsewhere, if it is judged that Open Peer Commentary in Animal Sentience would be useful to the field. Commentators should access the Marino target article online, and then prepare a commentary for Animal Sentience in the same way as when it is published directly in this journal.
Sources and sinks of carbonyl sulfide inferred from tower and mobile atmospheric observations in the Netherlands

Abstract. Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is a promising tracer for the estimation of terrestrial ecosystem gross primary production (GPP). However, understanding its non-GPP-related sources and sinks, e.g., anthropogenic sources and soil sources and sinks, is also critical to the success of the approach. Here we infer the regional sources and sinks of COS using continuous in situ mole fraction profile measurements of COS along the 60 m tall Lutjewad tower (1 m a.s.l.; 53∘24′ N, 6∘21′ E) in the Netherlands. To identify potential sources that caused the observed enhancements of COS mole fractions at Lutjewad, both discrete flask samples and in situ measurements in the province of Groningen were made from a mobile van using a quantum cascade laser spectrometer (QCLS). We also simulated the COS mole fractions at Lutjewad using the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model combined with emission inventories and plant uptake fluxes. We determined the nighttime COS fluxes to be -3.0±2.6 pmol m−2 s−1 using the radon-tracer correlation approach and Lutjewad observations. Furthermore, we identified and quantified several COS sources, including biodigesters, sugar production facilities and silicon carbide production facilities in the province of Groningen. Moreover, the simulation results show that the observed COS enhancements can be partially explained by known industrial sources of COS and CS2, in particular from the Ruhr Valley (51.5∘ N, 7.2∘ E) and Antwerp (51.2∘ N, 4.4∘ E) areas. The contribution of likely missing anthropogenic sources of COS and CS2 in the inventory may be significant. The impact of the identified sources in the province of Groningen is estimated to be negligible in terms of the observed COS enhancements. However, in specific conditions, these sources may influence the measurements in Lutjewad. These results are valuable for improving our understanding of the sources and sinks of COS, contributing to the use of COS as a tracer for GPP.
Is preoperative anemia a risk factor of new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients underwent isolated coronary artery bypass surgery?

Aim: The impact of preoperative anemia in coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) remains controversial and mostly associated with worse outcomes. Also, relationship between anemia and new on-set Atrial Fibrillation (NOAF) is still uncertain in patients who underwent CABG. This study aimed to investigate the anemia whether a risk factor of NOAF in patients who underwent isolated CABG. Material and Methods: Between March 2007 - December 2017 data of patients who underwent isolated CABG were retrospectively examined and 2027 patients included in study. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin level < 13 g/dl for men and <12 g/dl for women. Patients were grouped as non-AF (n=1772) and AF (n=255) according to development of NOAF after CABG or not. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine AF risk factors. Results: Overall anemia incidence of this study was 25.8% (n= 522). Also, anemia was observed in 17.4% of males and 52.2% of females. The incidence of anemia was similar in both groups; AF group 29% (n=74), non-AF group 25.3% (n=448) (p = 0.202). The mean hemoglobin and mean hematocrit level of AF and non-AF groups were similar (p=0.749, p=0.954 respectively) and 13.88 ± 1.77 g/dl, 13.84±1.63 g/dl and 41.13±5.48 %, 41.15±4.97 % respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the parameters of mean hemoglobin, mean hematocrit and preoperative anemia were not NOAF risk factors after CABG. The parameters of carotid artery disease (OR=1.996), low LVEF (OR=1.429), BUN (OR=1.019), Euroscore (OR=1.151), need of inotrop (OR=2.270), mean perfusion time (OR=1.008), mean crosclamp time (OR=1.007) and mean ventilation time (OR=1.030) were independent risk factors of NOAF after CABG. Postoperative early mortality of groups were similar (p=0.299). Conclusion: Preoperative anemia was not a risk factor of NOAF in post-CABG patients. In addition, the mortality-enhancing effect of preoperative anemia was not detected in AF patients.
The extent to which autistic traits are predictive of impairments in allocentric spatial navigation

This research is centred around how individuals with autistic traits navigate using both allocentric and egocentric spatial reference frames. Previous research suggests differences in the way that those with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) navigate with much research indicating that those with ASD struggle particularly with allocentric navigation. In this study, 256 participants completed a place learning task followed by two self-report questionnaires, the Navigation Inventory and the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Results showed that AQ scores correlated with better performance in the allocentric condition of the place learning task, this was in the opposite direction than predicted. Further to this, the attention to detail subscale of the AQ was the only subscale to show a significant correlation with allocentric place learning error. Within the egocentric conditions people performed better in the condition without unreliable landmarks. Although this finding differs from that of previous research it aligns with findings from other virtual place learning tasks in which participants with ASD excel at visuo-spatial tasks during virtual experiments. This research is important because a greater awareness is needed to highlight the difficulties that a person with ASD may experience in their everyday life, this can allow for the development of specific navigational strategies to aid their daily navigation.
Investigation of some physico-chemical properties of Elaeagnus L. GUM

As is known, most polysaccharides have biological activity, play important roles in life processes, and are widely used in healthcare, food processing, and cosmetic production due to their therapeutic effects and relatively low toxicity. Among polysaccharides, this class’s representatives do not have a biological activity to some pathogens of diseases but have a huge potential to use them in various sectors of the national economy, such as in the food industry, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. One such polysaccharide is the gum obtained from the plant Elaeagnus L. germinating in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China and Central Asia. The local people call it jidah. This article is devoted to the extraction, purification, the determination of the monomeric composition, molecular weight, viscosity, spectral analysis, and some chemical properties of the polysaccharide obtained from the gum of the named plant Elaeagnus L.
Hydrodynamics of jet propulsion

Water jet propulsion systems have recently developed in vessels and will continue to grow, leading to scour related problems in harbours and marinas. In order to design scour protection appropriately it is vital to understand the characteristics associated with jet flows to inform the prediction of velocities induced. The study is undertaken in two parts; a literature review of research and existing models and a physical model of a water jet propulsion system from a typical ferry. Data collection occurred along the centreline of the velocity field and in radial transects. The measurements from existing models were compared to measurements and new empirical formulae were developed to assess the accuracy of current equations. Results indicated the velocity field was symmetrical with the most turbulent flows at boundaries and in the latter stages of flow. The centreline velocity did not decay immediately, with a characteristic centreline length of 12.5D where the core region was identified. Existing velocity prediction models underpredict this core region making them less accurate when calculating jet flow. An empirical model was formed calculating the centreline and radial aspects of the velocity field. The general form of centreline flow from Albertson et. al. (1950) was followed, while a new equation radially was formed through regression analysis. In all aspects the model created generated less RMS error than existing models when compared to data collected. The study demonstrated that coastal engineers need to be aware of the characteristics and behaviour of jet propulsion systems rather than relying upon existing models to calculate safe scour protection.