Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Esketamine inhibits the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway in the spinal dorsal horn to relieve bone cancer pain in rats

Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) is one of the most common and feared symptoms in patients with advanced tumors. The X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and the CXCR4 receptor have been associated with glial cell activation in bone cancer pain. Moreover, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), as downstream CXCL12/CXCR4 signals, and c-Jun, as activator protein AP-1 components, contribute to the development of various types of pain. However, the specific CIBP mechanisms remain unknown. Esketamine is a non-selective N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor (NMDA) inhibitor commonly used as an analgesic in the clinic, but its analgesic mechanism in bone cancer pain remains unclear. We used a tumor cell implantation (TCI) model and explored that CXCL12/CXCR4, p-MAPKs, and p-c-Jun were stably up-regulated in the spinal cord. Immunofluorescence images showed activated microglia in the spinal cord on day 14 after TCI and co-expression of CXCL12/CXCR4, p-MAPKs (p-JNK, p-ERK, p-p38 MAPK), and p-c-Jun in microglia. Intrathecal injection of the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 reduced JNK and c-Jun phosphorylations, and intrathecal injection of the JNK inhibitor SP600125 and esketamine also alleviated TCI-induced pain and reduced the expression of p-JNK and p-c-Jun in microglia. Overall, our data suggest that the CXCL12/CXCR4-JNK-c-Jun signaling pathway of microglia in the spinal cord mediates neuronal sensitization and pain hypersensitivity in cancer-induced bone pain and that esketamine exerts its analgesic effect by inhibiting the JNK-c-Jun pathway.
Effect of Feed Uniformity (Particle Distribution) and Particle Size of Starter and Finisher Diets on the Performance and Carcass Weight in Japanese Quails

Two experiments were conducted to determine the ability to discriminate of feeds varying only in particle size and the effect of uniformity and particle size starter and finisher diets on the performance of young Japanese quail. Corn was ground through hammer 3, 5 or 8 mm mill screen openings (HMSO) and used prepare diets. The first experiments were carried out in completely randomized design with six replicates of thirty quails each. Each three diets containing corn with different degrees of grinding were taken as a group. The quails were fed in a choice situation with these diets during 10 days, starting at 8 th days. In this experiment, the quails consumed diets in accordance to their coarseness and feed intake of quails with fine diet (3 mm screen) was significantly higher (p<0,01) than of the other two diets, but as quails become older, preferring amount of larger particles was also increased. The 2 nd experiment was the four replicated treatments involving ten quails per treatment were as follows: 1st, 2 nd and 3 rd groups were fed the diets made from corn ground with HMSO of 3, 5, 8 mm during six weeks, 4 th and 5 th groups were fed a diet prepared with mixing in ratio of 30/70 of corn ground through the 3 and 8 mm screen and 5 and 8 mm screen during six weeks; 6 th, 7 th and 8 th groups were fed the diets made from corn ground with 3, 3 and 5 screen at the first 3 weeks and 5, 8 and 8 mm screen respectively at the last 3 weeks of the experiment. Quail performance differences due to degree of grind were minor. The diets containing HMSO corn ground through on HMSO of 5 and 8 mm produced same performance compared with that diet with corn ground through 3 mm. However, there was a trend toward lower performance for quails in the groups 5 th, 6th and 7 th. Keywords : Japanese quail, Particle size, Corn, Hammer mill, Performance
Undrained Gouge Plasticity Stabilizes Rupture Dynamics of Rough FaultsUndrained Gouge Plasticity Stabilizes Rupture Dynamics of Rough Faults

We consider a poro-elasto-plastic model of fault gouge and study its effects on the rupture dynamics of fractally rough faults. The model consists of a combined Mohr–Coulomb and end-cap yield surface in the gouge layer and allows compaction and dilatancy with undrained pore-pressure changes. We show that gouge compaction at restraining bends causes pore-pressure increase and allows rupture to propagate through segments that arrest rupture in the case with only the brittle failure off the fault. On the other hand, strengthening by undrained gouge dilatancy at releasing bends limits the tendency of supershear rupture from the case with only the brittle off-fault failure. Slip distributions and rupture velocities become more uniform due to the stabilizing tendency of the pore fluids in the fault gouge. The previously observed tendency for ruptures to accelerate and decelerate at releasing and restraining bends respectively can be reversed.
Cell-free DNA predicts all-cause mortality of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury

Abstract Background Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (S-AKI) is a common complication in critically ill patients. Therefore, reliable biomarkers for predicting S-AKI outcomes are necessary. Serum cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a circulating extracellular DNA fragment used as a noninvasive screening tool for many diseases, including sepsis. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of cfDNA in S-AKI patients and its relationship with some other parameters.Methods A total of 89 S-AKI patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) from June 2021 to December 2021 were enrolled in this study. The patients were categorized into the low cfDNA group (< 855 ng/ml) and high cfDNA group (≥ 855 ng/ml) and were followed up for three months. CfDNA was extracted from serum and quantified using Quant-iT PicoGreen dsDNA Reagent.Results Overall survival was significantly lower in the high cfDNA group than in the low cfDNA group (Log-Rank p = 0.012). Univariate Cox proportional hazard model showed that cfDNA was significantly associated with all-cause mortality (HR [hazard ratio] 2.505, 95% CI [95% confidence interval] 1.184–5.298, p = 0.016). Also, serum cfDNA was a significant risk factor for all-cause mortality after adjusting for covariates (HR 2.191, 95% CI 1.017–4.721, p = 0.045). Moreover, cfDNA was positively correlated with several baseline parameters, including serum creatine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, prothrombin time, and International Normalized Ratio.Conclusion High serum cfDNA level is associated with higher mortality among the S-AKI population, indicating that cfDNA is a valuable biomarker for S-AKI prognosis.
A comprehensive analysis of albuminuria in canine chronic kidney disease

Abstract Background Albuminuria, an important marker of decreased kidney function in chronic kidney disease (CKD), is not routinely used for CKD detection or proteinuria appearance. Its relationships with biochemical parameters and blood pressure in dogs are poorly understood. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of albuminuria with various CKD markers, its correlation with the urinary protein to creatinine ratio (UPC), and hypertension in dogs with early stages of CKD. It also sought to determine the usability of the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UAC) for CKD screening. Methods The study reviewed records of 102 dogs, categorising them into four groups based on disease status. UAC and UPC ratio, biochemistry and haematology variables, age, and systolic blood pressure were determined. Results The Pearson's correlation coefficient between log‐transformed values of UPC and UAC was r = 0.902 (95% CI: 0.87 to 0.93). Median UAC ratio values were 2.1 mg/g for the Healthy control group (n = 17), 54.2 mg/g for early stages CKD (n = 42), 5.8 mg/g for Acute sick control (n = 30), and 104 mg/g for Chronic sick control (n = 13). Thresholding UAC ratio as an indicator for impaired kidney function with the threshold of 10 mg/g (established based on the receiver operating characteristic curve) had a sensitivity 81.8%, specificity of 89.4%, positive predictive value (PPV) 90%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 80.1%. The correlation of UAC with biochemistry and haematology variables was statistically significant; for SDMA (μg/L), it was r = 0.566 and for other variables, it was weak to moderate. UAC was markedly elevated in cases of severe hypertension. Conclusions UAC ratio was significantly different among dogs with impaired and not impaired kidney function. The correlation strength for the UAC and UPC ratios was high. UAC ratio may be a promising marker for proteinuria analysis in dogs with CKD or other kidney function alterations.
Head-to-head comparison of American, European, and Asian TIRADSs in thyroid nodule assessment: systematic review and meta-analysis

Context Ultrasound-based risk stratification systems (Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (TIRADSs)) of thyroid nodules (TNs) have been implemented in clinical practice worldwide based on their high performance. However, it remains unexplored whether different TIRADSs perform uniformly across a range of TNs in routine practice. This issue is highly relevant today, given the ongoing international effort to establish a unified TIRADS (i.e. I-TIRADS), supported by the leading societies specializing in TNs. The study aimed to conduct a direct comparison among ACR-, EU-, and K-TIRADS in the distribution of TNs: (1) across the TIRADS categories, and (2) based on their estimated cancer risk. Methods A search was conducted on PubMed and Embase until June 2023. Original studies that sequentially assessed TNs using TIRADSs, regardless of FNAC indication, were selected. General study characteristics and data on the distribution of TNs across TIRADSs were extracted. Results Seven studies, reporting a total of 41,332 TNs, were included in the analysis. The prevalence of ACR-TIRADS 1–2 was significantly higher than that of EU-TIRADS 2 and K-TIRADS 2, with no significant difference observed among intermediate- and high-risk categories of TIRADSs. According to malignancy risk estimation, K-TIRADS often classified TNs as having more severe risk, ACR-TIRADS as having moderate risk, and EU-TIRADS classified TNs as having lower risk. Conclusion ACR-, EU-, and K-TIRADS assess TNs similarly across their categories, with slight differences in low-risk classifications. Despite this, focusing on cancer risk estimation, the three TIRADSs assess TNs differently. These findings should be considered as a prerequisite for developing the I-TIRADS.
Unlocking the plant growth-promoting potential of yeast spp.: exploring species from the Moroccan extremophilic environment for enhanced plant growth and sustainable farming

Abstract In this study, we successfully isolated two distinct yeasts from Moroccan extreme environments. These yeasts were subjected to molecular characterization by analyzing their Internal Transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. Our research thoroughly characterizes plant growth-promoting abilities and their drought and salt stress tolerance. In a greenhouse assay, we examined the impact of selected yeasts on Medicago sativa’s growth. Four treatments were employed: (i) control without inoculation (NI), (ii) inoculation with L1, (iii) inoculation with L2, and (iv) inoculation with the mixture L1 + L2. L1 isolated from Toubkal Mountain shared 99.83% sequence similarity to Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Meanwhile, L2, thriving in the arid Merzouga desert, displayed a similar identity to Naganishia albida (99.84%). Yeast strains were tolerant to NaCl (2 M) and 60% PEG (polyethylene glycol P6000) in case of drought. Both strains could solubilize phsphorus, with L2 additionally demonstrating potassium solubilization. In addition, both strains produce indole acetic acid (up to 135 µl ml−1), have siderophore ability, and produce aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase. Isolates L1 and L2, and their consortium showed that the single or combined strain inoculation of M. sativa improved plant growth, development, and nutrient assimilation. These findings pave the way for harnessing yeast-based solutions in agricultural practices, contributing to enhanced crop productivity and environmental sustainability.
Th/U and U series systematics of saprolite: importance for the oceanic 234U excess

The presence of excess U-234 in seawater is a compelling argument for active delivery of solutes from the continents to the oceans. Previous studies found, however, that the complementary U-234 deficit on the continents is surprisingly modest, which would require protracted U loss from a large continental weathering pool. Our new compilation and statistical analysis of the published data, coupled with a mass balance calculation demonstrates that the apparent small U-234 deficit in the continental weathering pool implied by previous studies is insufficient to balance the observed oceanic excess. Our new data for a saprolite weathering profile developed on Deccan basalt reveal a very strong overall loss of U (elevated Th/U) with a strong U-234 deficit attributable to chemical weathering. The U and U-234 deficits reported here from a geologically recent saprolite confirm the importance of the early stages of chemical weathering at the weathering front in the supply of nutrients to the oceans. Thus, as much as half the oceanic U-234 inventory is likely sourced from a thin active saprolite zone.
Tsunami inundation maps for the city of Sand Point, Alaska

Staff from Alaska Earthquake Center, Geophysical Institute and Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys evaluated potential tsunami hazards for the city of Sand Point, on Popof Island in the Shumagin Islands archipelago. We numerically modeled the extent of inundation from tsunami waves generated by local and distant earthquake sources. We considered the results in light of historical observations. The worst-case scenarios are defined by analyzing results of the sensitivity study of the tsunami dynamics with respect to different slip distributions along the Aleutian megathrust. For the Sand Point area, the worst-case scenarios are thought to be thrust earthquakes in the Shumagin Islands region with magnitudes ranging from Mw 8.8 to Mw 9.0. We additionally consider a Mw 9.0 rupture between Shumagin Islands and Kodiak Island, a Mw 9.0 rupture of the Cascadia subduction zone, and a Mw 8.6 outer-rise rupture in the area of the Shumagin Islands. Conducted numerical experiments reveal that a tsunami might start to arrive to Sand Point in about 15 minutes after the earthquake with a strong positive wave reaching in 1 hour the height of 7-8 m (23-26 ft) with respect to the pre-earthquake sea level. Consecutive waves might have the same of height or even be higher. The highest predicted wave height is 12-14 m (39-46 ft); a vertical difference between the trough and crest could be as much as 16 m (53 ft) and a time period between the water withdrawal and runup could be as short as 15 minutes. At least three devastating waves can reach the community in the first 2.5 hours after the earthquake. The first wave may not be the highest; the later waves might be more damaging and produce larger inundation. Results from the numerical modeling are intended to provide guidance to local emergency management agencies in tsunami inundation assessment, evacuation planning, and public education to mitigate future tsunami hazards. Users can access the complete report and digital data from the DGGS website: http://doi.org/10.14509/29706.
BUNCH MOTH, TIRATHABA RUFIVENA (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) INFESTATION CENSUS FROM OIL PALM PLANTATION ON PEAT SOIL IN SARAWAK

Tirathaba rufivena is the major pest in oil palm plantation planted in peat soil in Sarawak. High infestation was reported in Miri, Mukah and Sibu. Censuses on the infestation of T. rufivena were conducted at three different locations, i.e. in Miri (young palm), Mukah (mature palm) and Sibu (ablation samples). Samples for census were taken from infested bunches, female and male inflorescences. The census was done by chopping the bunches and the female inflorescences while for the male inflorescences, the bottom of spikelets were cut to determine the number of live larvae and pupae. The census reveiled that in Sibu, a high infestation of T. rufivena was found on male inflorescences compared to bunches of female inflorescences. The mean number of live larvae found in male inflorescences for the first and second day of census recorded 35.3 ± 15.7 and 14.0 ± 7.3, respectively. The highest number of live larvae recorded from male inflorescences was 207 and 65, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean number of live larvae from infested bunches and female inflorescences on the first day were 9.9 ± 3.5 and 19.4 ± 4.4, respectively. On the second day of census, the mean number of live larvae recorded on bunches and female inflorescences were 4.8 ± 1.5 and 12.7 ± 2.8, respectively. Census on infested area in Miri from three different stages of female inflorescence and bunches recorded 8.0 ± 1.9 and 4.8 ± 0.6 highest number of live larvae. Post anthesis female inflorescences recorded the highest mean number of live larvae compared to pre anthesis and anthesising female inflorescences. Population study at Mukah on highly infested area recorded 60 live larvae from young bunches and 50 live larvae from matured female inflorescences. Based on the samples, bunch moth larvae or pupae were absent in 10% of infested female inflorescences and 11.7% of infested bunches (males and females inflorescences).
Geometry, spatial arrangement and origin of carbonate grain‐dominated, scour‐fill and event‐bed deposits: Late Jurassic Jubaila Formation and Arab‐D Member, Saudi Arabia

Outcrop analogues of the Late Jurassic lower Arab‐D reservoir zone in Saudi Arabia expose a succession of fining‐upward cycles deposited on a distal middle‐ramp to outer‐ramp setting. These cycles are interrupted by erosional scours that incise up to 1·8 m into underlying deposits and are infilled with intraclasts up to boulder size (1 m diameter). Scours of similar size and infill are not commonly observed on low‐angle carbonate ramps. Outcrops have been used to characterize and quantify facies‐body geometries and spatial relationships. The coarse grain size of scour‐fills indicates scouring and boulder transport by debris or hyperconcentrated density flows strengthened by offshore‐directed currents. Longitudinal and lateral flow transformation is invoked to produce the ‘pit and wing’ geometry of the scours. Scour pits and wings erode up to 1·8 m and 0·7 m deep, respectively, and are on average 50 m wide between wing tips. The flat bases of the scours and their lack of consistent aspect ratio indicate that erosion depth was limited by the presence of cemented firmgrounds in underlying cycles. Scours define slightly sinuous channels that are consistently oriented north–south, sub‐parallel to the inferred regional depositional strike of the ramp, suggesting that local palaeobathymetry was more complex than commonly assumed. Weak lateral clustering of some scours indicates that they were underfilled and reoccupied by later scour incision and infill. Rudstone scour‐fills required reworking of material from inner ramp by high‐energy, offshore‐directed flows, associated with storm action and the hydraulic gradient produced by coastal storm setup, to generate erosion and sustain transport of clasts that are generally associated with steeper slopes. Quantitative analysis indicates that these coarse‐grained units have limited potential for correlation between wells as laterally continuous, highly permeable reservoir flow units, but their erosional and locally clustered character may increase effective vertical permeability of the Arab‐D reservoir zone as a whole.
Cyclophosphamide induces the loss of taste bud innervation in mice

Abstract Many common chemotherapeutics produce disruptions in the sense of taste which can lead to loss of appetite, nutritional imbalance, and reduced quality of life, especially if taste loss persists after treatment ends. Cyclophosphamide (CYP), an alkylating chemotherapeutic agent, affects taste sensitivity through its cytotoxic effects on mature taste receptor cells (TRCs) and on taste progenitor cell populations, retarding the capacity to replace TRCs. Mechanistic studies have focused primarily on taste cells, however, taste signaling requires communication between TRCs and the gustatory nerve fibers that innervate them. Here, we evaluate cyclophosphamide’s effects on the peripheral gustatory nerve fibers that innervate the taste buds. Following histological analysis of tongue tissues, we find that CYP reduces innervation within the fungiform and circumvallates taste buds within 4 days after administration. To better understand the dynamics of the denervation process, we used 2-photon intravital imaging to visualize the peripheral gustatory nerve fibers within individual fungiform taste buds up to 20 days after CYP treatment. We find that gustatory fibers retract from the taste bud properly but are maintained within the central papilla core. These data indicate that in addition to TRCs, gustatory nerve fibers are also affected by CYP treatment. Because the connectivity between TRCs and gustatory neurons must be re-established for proper function, gustatory fibers should continue to be included in future studies to understand the mechanisms leading to chemotherapy-induced persistent taste loss.
A comprehensive assessment of deworming coverage among pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries, 2000–30

Background Intestinal parasitic infections pose a significant global public health issue, particularly among pregnant women, who are generally more susceptible due to their elevated need for iron and nutrients. Deworming stands as a secure and efficacious public health intervention. The World Health Organization (WHO) set a target for the national deworming coverage rate among pregnant women at 75% by 2030. Nonetheless, the existing body of evidence on deworming among pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains limited. Methods Based on Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data from 56 LMICs (n = 924 277) between 2000 and 2022, we used Bayesian hierarchical models to estimate trends of deworming coverage up to 2030 and to analyse determinant factors of deworming. Results We found that, despite progress in deworming coverage estimates for most countries, only 11 (<20%) are on track to achieve the WHO target coverage at the national level. Inequality gaps were projected to increase in most LMICs. A multilevel model showed that increased numbers of antenatal care, access to safe water, and a higher wealth index were associated with higher odds of deworming. Conclusions The progress on deworming coverage and inequality in many countries remains insufficient for achieving the WHO target by 2030. Additional investments in the health sector towards the expansion of deworming programmes, along with integration with existing health services, are urgently required, as is the introduction of effective policies and strengthening programmes within the context of the ‘Leave No One Behind’ agenda.