Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional and spatiotemporal regulation of the dauer program

ABSTRACT Caenorhabditis elegans can enter a diapause stage called “dauer” when it senses that the environment is not suitable for development. This implies a detour from the typical developmental trajectory and requires a tight control of the developmental clock and a massive tissue remodeling. In the last decades, core components of the signaling pathways that govern the dauer development decision have been identified, but the tissues where they function for the acquisition of dauer-specific traits are still under intense study. Growing evidence demonstrates that these pathways engage in complex cross-talk and feedback loops. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the transcriptional regulation of the dauer program and the relevant tissues for its achievement. A better understanding of this process will provide insight on how developmental plasticity is achieved and how development decisions are under a robust regulation to ensure an all-or-nothing response. Furthermore, this developmental decision can also serve as a simplified model for relevant developmental disorders. Abbreviations: AID Auxin Induced Degron DA dafachronic acid Daf-c dauer formation constitutive Daf-d dauer formation defective DTC Distal Tip Cells ECM modified extracellular matrix GPCRs G protein-coupled receptors IIS insulin/IGF-1 signaling ILPs insulin-like peptides LBD Ligand Binding Domain PDL4 Post Dauer L4 TGF-β transforming growth factor beta WT wild-type
Nodal positivity and systemic therapy among patients with clinical T1–T2N0 human epidermal growth factor receptor‐positive breast cancer: Results from two international cohorts

The optimal treatment strategy for patients with small human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive tumors is based on nodal status. The authors’ objective was to evaluate pathologic nodal disease (pathologic lymph node‐positive [pN‐positive] and pathologic lymph node‐positive after preoperative systemic therapy [ypN‐positive]) rates in patients who had clinical T1–T2 (cT1–cT2)N0M0, HER2‐positive breast cancer treated with upfront surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).
Challenges in Psoriatic Disease Addressed by Fixed-Combination Halobetasol Propionate 0.01% and Tazarotene 0.045% Lotion.

Objective The fixed-dose corticosteroid/retinoid combination halobetasol propionate (0.01%) and tazarotene (0.045%) lotion (HP/TAZ) is approved for topical treatment of plaque psoriasis in adults. In addition to its current indication for plaque psoriasis, a growing body of clinical data suggests that HP/TAZ may be a beneficial therapy for palmoplantar and scalp psoriasis. Here, we discuss the efficacy and safety of HP/TAZ in various psoriatic phenotypes and related conditions. Methods Three studies (one post-hoc analysis, two open-label reports) of HP/TAZ were identified for this discussion. Results A post-hoc analysis demonstrated that once-daily HP/TAZ was associated with sustained efficacy and clinically meaningful quality-of-life improvements in participants with psoriatic disease who had low quality of life and 3% to 5% affected body surface area at baseline. In open-label reports, HP/TAZ was associated with improvement in scalp psoriasis measures, as well as quality of life. Additionally, HP/TAZ was efficacious in patients with palmoplantar psoriasis and in one report of a patient with palmoplantar pustulosis. Limitations Limitations include the small sample sizes of open-label reports of HP/TAZ; larger studies are needed to confirm findings. Conclusion Taken together, this evidence suggests that HP/TAZ may address unmet needs in psoriatic disease as a therapy for patients with all levels of psoriasis severity who experience daily challenges associated with their disease and that it may be a candidate for treating a variety of forms of psoriasis.
Comparative metabolism of THCA and THCV using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS

Abstract Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) and delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) are phytocannabinoids with a similar structure derived from Cannabis sativa and possess a variety of biological activities. However, the relationship between the metabolic characterisation and bioactivity of THCA and THCV remains elusive. To explore the relationship between the metabolism of THCA and THCV and their underlying mechanism of activity, human/mouse liver microsomes and mouse primary hepatocytes were used to compare the metabolic maps between THCA and THCV through comparative metabolomics. A total of 29 metabolites were identified containing 7 previously undescribed THCA metabolites and 10 previously undescribed THCV metabolites. Of these metabolites, THCA was transformed into an active metabolite of delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in these three systems, while THCV was transformed into THC and CBD. Bioactivity assays indicated that all of these phytocannabinoids exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, but the effects of THCA and THCV were slightly different in macrophages RAW264.7. Prediction of ADMET lab demonstrated that THCV and its metabolites were endowed with the advantage of blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration compared to THCA. In conclusion, this study highlighted that metabolism plays a critical role in the biological activity of phytocannabinoids.
RNA virus-mediated changes in organismal oxygen consumption rate in young and old Drosophila melanogaster males

Aging is accompanied by increased susceptibility to infections including with viral pathogens resulting in higher morbidity and mortality among the elderly. Significant changes in host metabolism can take place following virus infection. Efficient immune responses are energetically costly, and viruses divert host molecular resources to promote their own replication. Virus-induced metabolic reprogramming could impact infection outcomes, however, how this is affected by aging and impacts organismal survival remains poorly understood. RNA virus infection of Drosophila melanogaster with Flock House virus (FHV) is an effective model to study antiviral responses with age, where older flies die faster than younger flies due to impaired disease tolerance. Using this aged host-virus model, we conducted longitudinal, single-fly respirometry studies to determine if metabolism impacts infection outcomes. Analysis using linear mixed models on Oxygen Consumption Rate (OCR) following the first 72-hours post-infection showed that FHV modulates respiration, but age has no significant effect on OCR. However, the longitudinal assessment revealed that OCR in young flies progressively and significantly decreases, while OCR in aged flies remains constant throughout the three days of the experiment. Furthermore, we found that the OCR signature at 24-hours varied in response to both experimental treatment and survival status. FHV-injected flies that died prior to 48- or 72-hours measurements had a lower OCR compared to survivors at 48-hours. Our findings suggest the host’s metabolic profile could influence the outcome of viral infections.
Appropriate finite-element formulations for 3-D electromagnetic-field problems

This paper deals with the appropriate finite-element (FE) formulations of three-dimensional electromagnetic-field problems. The magnetic vector potential is used as the field variable and two variational formulations for the FE discretization with Lagrange (nodal) as well as Nedelec (edge) FEs are discussed. We will especially focus on the problems arising by using nodal FEs and will demonstrate the correct approximation by applying a special weighting within the divergence integral.
H Lyman α line in Jovian aurorae: electron transport and radiative transfer coupled modelling

Aims. The aim of this work is to characterize the impact of the solar UV flux and of the electron precipitation on Jupiter’s atmosphere and to study the H Lyman α intensity and spectral profile in Jupiter’s aurorae. In particular we characterize the sensitivity of the line to the relevant input parameters. Methods. We use a multi-stream electron transport code solving the 1D Boltzmann equation and a Feautrier technique radiative transfer code. Results. We calculate ionization rate profiles of the main species of Jupiter’s ionosphere and the heating rate due to electron precipitation, as a function of the energy of the precipitation. We also calculate the emission rate of Lyman α photons under auroral electron precipitation and the ensuing line profile. The profile exhibits a centre reversal which could be used as a diagnostic of Jupiter’s auroral low-energy electron precipitation.
Sniffing out pneumonia in the ICU

1Consultant, Division of Anaesthesia, Department ofMedicine, 2Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 3Consultant, John V Farman IntensiveCare Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK 4Consultant, Translational andClinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK 5Consultant, Critical CareDepartment, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
Investigation on the feasibility of large‐volume autologous red blood cells donation: A pilot trial in a small cohort of Chinese

Preoperative autologous blood donation (PAD) is used for elective surgical procedures with a predictable blood loss. But a downward trend in PAD is due to the fact that patients with preoperative whole blood donation or two‐unit red cell apheresis cannot avoid receiving allogenic blood during intensive surgery. To improve the clinical application of PAD, this study explores the feasibility of large‐volume autologous red blood cells (RBCs) donation by a pilot trial in a small cohort of Chinese.
Elliptical accretion disks in active galactic nuclei

We present a calculation of the profiles of emission lines originating in a relativistic, eccentric disk, and show examples of the resulting model profiles. Our calculations are motivated by the fact that in about one-quarter of the double-peaked emission lines observed in radio-loud active galactic nuclei (and in the mildly active nucleus of NGC 1097), the red peak is stronger than the blue peak, which is contrary to the prediction of relativistic, circular disk models. Using the eccentric disk model we fit some of the observed profiles that cannot be fitted with a circular disk model. We propose two possible scenarios for the formation of an eccentric disk in an active galactic nucleus: (a) tidal perturbation of the disk around a supermassive black hole by a smaller binary companion, and (b) formation of an elliptical disk from the debris resulting from the tidal disruption of a star by the central black hole. In the former case we show that the eccentricity can be long-lived because of the presence of the binary companion. In the latter case, although the inner parts of the disk may circularize quickly, we estimate that the outer parts will maintain their eccentricity for times much longer than the local viscous time. We suggest that it may be possible to detect profile variability on much shorter timescales than those ranging from a decade to several centuries by comparing the evolution of the line profile with detailed model predictions. We argue that line-profile variability may also be the most promising discriminant among competing models for the origin of asymmetric, double-peaked emission lines.
Development and Evaluation of the Teacher Reporting Questionnaire for South African Foundation Phase Educators (TRQ-SA) in Measuring Teachers’ Intentions to Report Child Sexual Abuse Suspicions

ABSTRACT Globally teachers are mandated by law to report suspected child sexual abuse (CSA). The Teachers’ Reporting Questionnaire (TRQ) was constructed to assess teachers’ intentions to report CSA suspicions in Australia. The current research examines the development of the Teacher Reporting Questionnaire for South African foundation phase educators (TRQ-SA) and provides an evaluation of the TRQ-SA as a survey instrument for utilization in other studies. The TRQ-SA is a self-administered survey instrument used in a cross-sectional quantitative study that investigated teacher reporting intentions using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). A stratified random sample of 399 teachers from the eight school districts in the Western Cape province of South Africa was achieved. Before the TRQ-SA was developed, a qualitative elicitation study was conducted. Once developed, the questionnaire was pre-tested before the quantitative central study survey was administered. Cronbach’s alpha was used to indicate reliability of scales, where a minimum α coefficient of . 7 is considered acceptable. In the quantitative survey, the TRQ-SA had the following results: α = . 74 was achieved for the attitude towards reporting scale, α = . 78 for the subjective norm scale, α = . 74 for the perceived behavioral control scale and α = . 79 for the intention to report scale. The TRQ-SA achieved good internal consistency for all its TPB scales. The TRQ-SA is a valid and reliable survey instrument which could be used “as is” or amended in similar settings and countries testing the TPB in their own contexts.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on infant feeding practices in the United States: Food insecurity, supply shortages and deleterious formula‐feeding practices

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic increased food insecurity among US households, however, little is known about how infants, who rely primarily on human milk and/or infant formula, were impacted. We conducted an online survey with US caregivers of infants under 2 years of age (N = 319) to assess how the COVID‐19 pandemic impacted breastfeeding, formula‐feeding and household ability to obtain infant‐feeding supplies and lactation support (68% mothers; 66% White; 8% living in poverty). We found that 31% of families who used infant formula indicated that they experienced various challenges in obtaining infant formula, citing the following top three reasons: the formula was sold out (20%), they had to travel to multiple stores (21%) or formula was too expensive (8%). In response, 33% of families who used formula reported resorting to deleterious formula‐feeding practices such as diluting formula with extra water (11%) or cereal (10%), preparing smaller bottles (8%) or saving leftover mixed bottles for later (11%). Of the families who fed infants human milk, 53% reported feeding changes directly as a result of the pandemic, for example, 46% increased their provisioning of human milk due to perceived benefits for the infant's immune system (37%), ability to work remotely/stay home (31%), concerns about money (9%) or formula shortages (8%). Fifteen percent of families who fed human milk reported that they did not receive the lactation support they needed and 4.8% stopped breastfeeding. To protect infant food and nutrition security, our results underscore the need for policies to support breastfeeding and ensure equitable and reliable access to infant formula.
Effects of using WeChat/WhatsApp on physical and psychosocial health outcomes among oncology patients: A systematic review

The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the potential effects of the WeChat and WhatsApp mobile applications in cancer management. This systematic review was written in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. CINAHL, PubMed, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Database, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, and ERIC were utilized for the literature search. Articles were included if they evaluated the outcomes of using WeChat/WhatsApp for cancer management, and excluded if they were qualitative studies, not published in peer-reviewed journals, protocols for a future study, or conference abstracts. 20 studies were included in this systematic review, with a total sample of 3110 participants. Interventions were utilized to share educational information with participants, follow-up after surgical operations, and in clinical communication. Outcomes, including pain, medication adherence, self-efficacy, quality of life, and depression, were statistically significantly improved in the WeChat/WhatsApp intervention groups in comparison to the control groups or to baseline measurements of the study participants. Outcomes of sleep and rehospitalization rate were improved without reaching statistical significance. Outcomes of anxiety, fatigue, and adverse drug reactions were found to be conflictive among included studies. This systematic review suggested that use of WeChat/WhatsApp on cancer management might improve various physical and psychosocial health outcomes among oncological patients. Limitations of the study include solely reviewing English language articles published in academic journals and most of the studies being from one country. Future research should be conducted in various countries among diverse communities, including rural areas, to ascertain the effects of WeChat/WhatsApp in different populations.
Universality and summability of Dirichlet series

We show genericity and algebraic genericity of Dirichlet series, whose given matrix transform has universal properties. Conversely, for any given formal Dirichlet series L with non-zero coefficients, we construct a matrix A, so that the A-transform of L is universal. This extends results of Bernal-González, Calderón-Moreno and Luh. We also show that uniform approximation on admissible compact sets with empty interior implies approximation in the sense of Menchoff with respect to any σ-finite Borel measure. Finally, we prove that universal Dirichlet series in the sense of Bayart are not (R, 1) summable on the boundary iℝ, where (R, 1) is the summability method of logarithmic mean type.
The Effect of Gas Diffusion on the Flow Coefficient for a Ventilated Cavity

The results of an experimental investigation into the effect of gas diffusion on the volume flow-rate of gas needed to sustain a ventilated cavity are presented. Gas diffusion was found to have a significant effect on the ventilated flow rate required to sustain a cavity of a given size. An analysis for the gas diffusion effect was conducted based on a mathematical model of diffusion proposed by Brennen. The results compare favorably with experimental data. Also, an empirical scaling relationship is proposed for ventilated cavity flows.
Antivinculin Antibodies in Systemic Sclerosis: Associations With Slow Gastric Transit and Extraintestinal Clinical Phenotype

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is commonly affected in systemic sclerosis (SSc). A positive association between antivinculin antibody levels and GI symptom severity is reported in SSc. We sought to examine whether antivinculin antibodies associate with measures of GI dysmotility and extraintestinal clinical phenotype in SSc.
MINIMIZING PROBLEMS FOR THE HARDY-SOBOLEV TYPE INEQUALITY WITH THE SINGULARITY ON THE BOUNDARY

In this paper, we consider the existence of minimizers of the Hardy-Sobolev type variational problem. Recently, Ghoussoub and Robert (9, 10) proved that the Hardy- Sobolev best constant admits its minimizers provided the bounded smooth domain has the negative mean curvature at the origin on the boundary. We generalize their results by using the idea of Brezis and Nirenberg, and as a consequence, we shall prove the existence of pos- itive solutions to the elliptic equation involving two different kinds of Hardy-Sobolev critical exponents.
The identification and phylogenetic analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2 delta variants in Taiwan

In Taiwan, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) involving the delta variant occurred after that involving the alpha variant in 2021. In this study, we aimed to analyze the Delta variant. A total of 318 patients in Taiwan infected with delta variants were identified. The case fatality rate (CFR) of patients infected with delta variants was 0.94% in Taiwan compared with that of those infected with alpha variants (5.95%). The possible reasons for the low CFR might be hybrid immunity due to infection and rapid promotion of the COVID‐19 vaccination program during the alpha variant outbreak. We identified three 21J delta variants. Two long gene deletions were detected in these severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) isolates: ORF7aΔ91 in KMUH‐8 and SpikeΔ30 in KMUH‐9. Protein structure prediction indicates that ORF7aΔ91 results in malfunction of NS7a as an interferon antagonist and that SpikeΔ30 results in a truncated spike protein (N679–A688del), resulting in a lower infection rate compared with the delta variant without these deletions. The impact of these two deletions on SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated pathogenesis deserves further investigation. Delta variants still exist in many regions in the omicron era, and the backbone of the delta variant genome possibly spread worldwide in the form of delta‐omicron hybrids (deltacron; e.g., XBC.1 and XAY.2), which casts a potential threat to public health. Our study further highlighted the importance of more understanding of the delta variants.
Bioelectrical impedance phase angle is associated with physical performance before but not after simulated multi‐stressor military operations

Physical performance decrements observed during multi‐stressor military operations may be attributed, in part, to cellular membrane dysfunction, which is quantifiable using phase angle (PhA) derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Positive relationships between PhA and performance have been previously reported in cross‐sectional studies and following longitudinal exercise training programs, but whether changes in PhA are indicative of acute decrements in performance during military operations is unknown. Data from the Optimizing Performance for Soldiers II study, a clinical trial examining the effects of exogenous testosterone administration on body composition and performance during military stress, was used to evaluate changes in PhA and their associations with physical performance. Recreationally active, healthy males (n = 34; 26.6 ± 4.3 years; 77.9 ± 12.4 kg) were randomized to receive testosterone undecanoate or placebo before a 20‐day simulated military operation, which was followed by a 23‐day recovery period. PhA of the whole‐body (Whole) and legs (Legs) and physical performance were measured before (PRE) and after (POST) the simulated military operation as well as in recovery (REC). Independent of treatment, PhAWhole and PhALegs decreased from PRE to POST (p < 0.001), and PhALegs, but not PhAWhole, remained lower at REC than PRE. PhAWhole at PRE and REC were associated with vertical jump height and Wingate peak power (p < 0.001–0.050), and PhAWhole at PRE was also associated with 3‐RM deadlift mass (p = 0.006). However, PhA at POST and changes in PhA from PRE to POST were not correlated with any performance measure (p > 0.05). Additionally, PhA was not associated with aerobic performance at any timepoint. In conclusion, reduced PhA from PRE to POST provides indirect evidence of cellular membrane disruption. Associations between PhA and strength and power were only evident at PRE and REC, suggesting PhA may be a useful indicator of strength and power, but not aerobic capacity, in non‐stressed conditions, and not a reliable indicator of physical performance during severe physiological stress.
An update on the energy dissipation rate in isotropic turbulence

Direct numerical simulations of homogeneous turbulence in a periodic box are examined here to support the traditional expectation that the dissipation rate at high Reynolds numbers is independent of fluid viscosity, and is a constant of order unity when scaled on the integral scale and root-mean-square velocity. However, the numerical value of the constant appears to depend on details of forcing at low wavenumbers, or, perhaps, the structure of the large scale itself.