Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physiotherapy Students’ Awareness of Community Health in India

Purpose: The study aimed to provide inputs that would help to promote Community Physiotherapy as a field of future study and work. While the focus was on undergraduate physiotherapy students’ perceptions, attitudes and beliefs regarding this field of specialisation, the study also attempted to find whether there were variations in attitude depending on which year of the programme the students belonged to. Method: In December 2015, 118 students of a private physiotherapy college in Gujarat, India, took part in a self-administered questionnaire-based survey. Of these, 56 students were in the third year of their course, while the rest were in the final year. Written informed consent was taken from each respondent. Results: While it was a positive finding to note that this cohort viewed physiotherapy as a service profession, majority of the students wished to pursue higher education outside India due to their perceptions about lack of adequate training facilities, salaries and scope for the profession within the country. For the majority, musculoskeletal sciences was the preferred area of specialisation, followed by Community Health. However, there was awareness about the importance of Community Physiotherapy. Conclusion: Among undergraduate physiotherapy students in the study sample, musculoskeletal sciences is the preferred specialisation, followed by Community Physiotherapy. The year of the programme in which they were studying did not significantly affect their attitudes towards Community Physiotherapy. Limitations: The sample size was too small to compare the differing attitudes of participants from different batches of the course. First and second-year students could not be included since the specialisation of Community Physiotherapy is introduced only in the third year.
Avian thermoregulation across age and seasons

Animals constantly need to relate to prevailing environmental conditions and regulate their body temperature accordingly. Body temperature regulation in birds and mammals is inherently linked to energy expenditure and, thus, thermoregulation is a physiological mechanism that could trade-off with other costly processes, with potential long-term fitness consequences. In this thesis, I studied ecological and physiological sources of variation in body temperature across age and seasons, and how variation in thermoregulatory patterns trade-off with other processes within a life-history framework. More specifically, I studied how thermoregulatory development was affected by early life thermal environment and how body temperature was regulated and maintained outside of thermoneutrality. For this purpose, I used small, hole-nesting, passerine birds both during the nestling stage and as adult birds in winter and during breeding.I found that nest environment affected body temperature regulation, short-term growth and development in nestlings but that there also might be long-term effects on apparent survival. More specifically, growing up in a small brood allowed for investment in both growth and thermoregulatory development, compared to nestlings that grew up in large broods. By experimentally increasing nest temperature I was also able to show that nestlings were well equipped to deal with increased nest temperatures, but that it came with a cost in lower body mass gain, and that increased nest temperatures could potentially have positive effects on long-term survival. While working hard to feed their young, the risk of overheating can constrain parental work rate. By experimentally reducing this constraint, I found that females were able to increase innate immune function while reducing work rate, but without compromising nestling development. In winter, small passerines routinely reduce body temperature during the night, thereby lowering energy expenditure. I found that young birds (in their first winter) had both higher metabolic rate and body temperature during the night compared to old birds (in their second winter or older). Such differences could be related to experience-based variation in assessment of predation risk or age-related differences in plumage quality. I also show that handling birds in winter caused a pronounced decrease in body temperature, highlighting the importance of plumage in maintaining body temperature in the cold for these small birds. Overall, these studies demonstrate the need for including age-effects into studies of thermoregulation and energy management in the cold. I have, for the most part, studied avian thermoregulation outside of thermoneutrality, when additional energy is required to maintain body temperature. Given the current changes to our climate, with an expected increased frequency of extreme weather, studies like these can add important knowledge to our understanding of how animals respond physiologically to such changes and how this, potentially, could shape life-histories. (Less)
Modelling the process of soil detachment by rill flow on steep loessial hillslopes

Soil detachment by rill flow is a key process of rill erosion, modelling this process can help in understanding rill erosion mechanisms. However, many soil detachment models are established on conceptual assumptions rather than experimental data. The objectives of this study were to establish a model of soil detachment by rill flow based on flume experimental data and to quantitatively verify the model. We simulated the process of soil detachment by rill flow in flume experiments with a soil‐feeding hopper using loessial soil on steep slopes. Seven flow discharges, six slopes and five sediment loads were combined. Soil detachment capacity, sediment transport capacity, and soil detachment rate by rill flow under different sediment loads were measured. The process of soil detachment by rill flow can be modelled by a dual power function based on soil detachment capacity and transport capacity deficit as variables. The established model exhibited high credibility (NSE=0.97; R2=0.97). The contributions of soil detachment capacity and transport capacity deficit to soil detachment rate by rill flow reached 60% and 36%, respectively. Soil detachment capacity exerted more influence on soil detachment rate than did transport capacity deficit. The performance of the WEPP rill erosion equation is also favourable (NSE=0.95; R2=0.97). The two power exponents in the model we established strengthen the role of soil detachment capacity in soil detachment rate and weaken that for transport capacity deficit. Soil detachment capacity and transport capacity deficit played important roles in the determination of soil detachment rate by rill flow. The results can be applied to implement the numerical modeling and prediction of rill erosion processes on steep loessial hillslopes. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prosody and Spoken-Word Recognition

This chapter outlines a Bayesian model of spoken-word recognition and reviews how prosody is part of that model. The review focuses on the information that assists the listener in recognizing the prosodic structure of an utterance and on how spoken-word recognition is also constrained by prior knowledge about prosodic structure. Recognition is argued to be a process of perceptual inference that ensures that listening is robust to variability in the speech signal. In essence, the listener makes inferences about the segmental content of each utterance, about its prosodic structure (simultaneously at different levels in the prosodic hierarchy), and about the words it contains, and uses these inferences to form an utterance interpretation. Four characteristics of the proposed prosody-enriched recognition model are discussed: parallel uptake of different information types, high contextual dependency, adaptive processing, and phonological abstraction. The next steps that should be taken to develop the model are also discussed.
The impact of obesity and fitness on endothelial function in polycystic ovarian syndrome

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent heterogeneous syndrome associated with abdominal obesity, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. This clustering of risk factors could translate into an adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile. Endothelial dysfunction, an early barometer of CVD, has been exhibited by women with PCOS; however, it remains unclear whether endothelial dysfunction is independent of CVD risk factors in this population. Exercise training has been found to enhance conduit artery and cutaneous microvessel endothelial function in various populations. Nevertheless, limited research exists regarding the cardiovascular effects of exercise in PCOS, and its impact on endothelial function in conduit arteries and cutaneous microvessels, has not been explored. The primary aim of this thesis was to examine nitric oxide (NO)-mediated endothelial function at different levels of the vascular tree in women with PCOS and to establish whether supervised exercise training induces a therapeutic effect on endothelial function. A systematic review of published studies comparing FMD in PCOS and control women was conducted. Twenty-one published studies were identified for inclusion (pCOS n=908; controls n=566). Differences in FMD between PCOS and controls were synthesised and meta-regressed against BMI and age. The pooled mean FMD was 3.5% lower (95% CI=3.4, 3.7%; P
Results from the biomarker-driven basket trial of RO5126766 (CH5127566), a potent RAF/MEK inhibitor, in RAS- or RAF-mutated malignancies including multiple myeloma.

2506Background: RO5126766 is a potent RAF and MEK inhibitor with activity in xenografts models of RAS and RAF-mutated cancers. We present data from the RAS/RAF-mutated advanced solid tumor cohort and the initial results for the multiple myeloma (MM) cohort. Methods: Patients with KRAS, NRAS or BRAF-mutant tumours were treated with RO5127566 using a novel schedule:4mg twice weekly in 4-week cycles. For MM patients, it was given 3 weeks out of 4 and co-administration of weekly dexamethasone was authorised. Response assessment was completed using RECIST 1.1 criteria for solid tumours and the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria were used for MM. Results: A total of 20 patients with solid tumours (10 NSCLC, 5 gynaecological cancers and 5 miscellaneous cancers) and 1 MM patients were evaluable. Among the 10 KRAS-mutant NSCLC patients, tumour regression was seen in 6/10 (60 %), of which 3/10 (30 %) were partial responses. Two of these patients had maintained response for over 1 year and one patie.
Non-uniform refinement: adaptive regularization improves single-particle cryo-EM reconstruction

Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is widely used to study biological macromolecules that comprise regions with disorder, flexibility or partial occupancy. For example, membrane proteins are often kept in solution with detergent micelles and lipid nanodiscs that are locally disordered. Such spatial variability negatively impacts computational three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction with existing iterative refinement algorithms that assume rigidity. We introduce non-uniform refinement, an algorithm based on cross-validation optimization, which automatically regularizes 3D density maps during refinement to account for spatial variability. Unlike common shift-invariant regularizers, non-uniform refinement systematically removes noise from disordered regions, while retaining signal useful for aligning particle images, yielding dramatically improved resolution and 3D map quality in many cases. We obtain high-resolution reconstructions for multiple membrane proteins as small as 100 kDa, demonstrating increased effectiveness of cryo-EM for this class of targets critical in structural biology and drug discovery. Non-uniform refinement is implemented in the cryoSPARC software package. Membrane proteins exhibit spatial variation in rigidity and disorder, which poses a challenge for traditional cryo-EM reconstruction algorithms. Non-uniform refinement accounts for this spatial variability, yielding improved 3D reconstruction quality even for small membrane proteins.
Analiza sigurnosti pri radu u šumarstvu Federacije BiH

Ozljede na radu i profesionalne bolesti radnika pouzdan su indikator procjene stanja sigurnosti pri radu. Osnovni je cilj ovoga rada odgovarajuća analiza stanja sigurnosti pri radu u Javnom poduzeću Šumsko-privredno društvo Zeničko-dobojskoga kantona d.o. o. Zavidovići. Predmet su analize bile ozljede na radu, profesionalne i druge bolesti šumarskih radnika u razdoblju od 2006. do 2015. godine. Ozljede su analizirane prema deset pokazatelja. U analiziranom razdoblju zabilježene su 594 ozljede na radu, od čega tri smrtna slučaja. Najviše ozljeda dogodilo se neposrednim izvršiteljima radnih operacija pridobivanja drva (66,3 %), a najrizičnija je profesija sjekač (57,7 %). Predmet rada (drvo i grane) bili su najčešći materijalni uzrok ozljeda (49,3 %), a najčešće su ozlijeđeni ekstremiteti radnika – noge i ruke (70 %). Najveći broj ozljeda zabilježen je početkom radnoga tjedna i dana. Na osnovi broja ozljeda po obujmu izrađenoga drva (314/mil. m3) te indeksa od 60 ozljeda na 1000 zaposlenika stanje sigurnosti pri radu može se ocijeniti kao iznimno nezadovoljavajuće.
Development of nutritional properties in cookies with the incorporation of different levels of rose flower powder by microwave-vacuum drying

Abstract In this study, rose flower powder (RFP) was used as an ingredient to develop nutritional cookies using different levels (3%, 5%, 7%, and 10%) and color, odor, texture, bulk density, water activity, total phenolic content, total anthocyanin content, antioxidant activities, and sensory evaluation of cookies using microwave vacuum drying were examined. Color, total phenolic and anthocyanin contents, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power of cookies incorporated with RFP were compared with control cookies (without the incorporation of RFP) on 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of storage times. Compared with control cookies, the color of the cookies with RFP had redder and darker; nevertheless, cookies incorporated up to 5% level possessed higher color score. RFP improved the odor of cookies due to related rose flower odor. The bulk density and hardness of cookies increased with increasing level of RFP incorporation than those of the control cookies. From the overall quality of sensory score, 5% level of incorporation of RFP was more suitable for the preparation of cookies. During the storage, cookies with RFP had more total phenolic and total anthocyanin contents, and higher antioxidant activities than the control cookies, and their contents progressed with the incorporation level of RFP. RFP prohibited the degradation rate of total phenolic and anthocyanin contents in cookies during the storage period. Therefore, RFP offered positive nutritional properties on the cookies and their storage.
The gender gap in welfare state attitudes in Europe: The role of unpaid labour and family policy

Previous research has shown a prevailing ‘modern gender gap’ in socio-political attitudes in advanced capitalist economies. While numerous studies have confirmed gender differences in attitudes towards the welfare state in Europe, few have addressed the reason for this rift in men’s and women’s views about the role of government in ensuring the general welfare of citizens. In this article, I examine the relationship between gender equality in unpaid labour, family policy and the gender gap in welfare state attitudes. Based on data from 21 countries participating in the European Social Survey (ESS) Round 4, and using a mix of country- and individual-level regression models and multilevel models, I find that there is a clear relationship between country-level gender equality in unpaid labour and gender differences in support of an encompassing welfare state. A more equal distribution of unpaid care and domestic work correlates with women being increasingly supportive of a large and encompassing welfare state, in comparison with men. This pattern holds when controlling for individual-level economic risk and resources, cultural factors such as trust and social values traditionally related to the support of an encompassing welfare state, and beliefs about welfare state efficiency and consequences for society in general. This pattern is evident for countries with a low level of familistic policies, while no distinguishable pattern is discernible for highly familistic countries. These findings have implications for the perception of gender as an emergent social cleavage with respect to welfare state attitudes. The results are discussed in the light of institutional theories on policy feedback, familism, social role theory and previous findings relating to modernization theory and ‘gender realignment’.
Student Pharmacists’ Personal Finance Perceptions, Projected Indebtedness Upon Graduation, and Career Decision-making

Objective. To evaluate the extent to which Doctor of Pharmacy students’ personal finance perceptions, projected student loan indebtedness, and demographic characteristics predict postgraduation career intentions. Methods. Students at three pharmacy colleges completed a 31-item survey instrument that assessed personal finance perceptions, self-efficacy beliefs, anticipated student loan debt upon graduation, postgraduate intentions, anticipated practice setting upon graduation, and demographic characteristics. Logistic regression models were used to examine the extent to which personal finance perceptions, student loan indebtedness, and demographic characteristics predicted postgraduate intentions and anticipated practice setting. Results. There were 763 usable responses obtained (response rate=90.3%). Students reported an anticipated personal student loan debt at graduation of $162,747 (SD=$87,093) and an estimated 7.4 (SD=5.8) years to pay off non-mortgage debt postgraduation. Fifty-three percent of students reported planning to practice in a community pharmacy setting postgraduation, and 54% indicated they intended to enter practice directly. Student loan indebtedness was not a significant predictor of whether students planned to pursue postgraduate training. There was a significant association between debt influence and pressure perceptions and students’ plans to pursue postgraduate training (aOR=0.78; 95% CI=0.65-0.94). The odds of indicating hospital (vs chain community) pharmacy as the anticipated setting decreased 36% with every one point increase in debt influence and pressure perceptions (aOR=0.64; 95% CI=0.50-0.81). Conclusion. Pharmacy students’ perceived debt pressure and influence predicted their intention to enter practice directly (vs pursuing postgraduate training) and to select a career in chain community pharmacy (vs hospital pharmacy). Student loan indebtedness was not a significant predictor of postgraduate training intentions. These findings suggest that interventions that equip students to manage the pressure associated with large student loan debts should be explored.
Fostering ICT use by older workers

Adaptation to the requirements of digital economy is especially difficult for older workers, which is a challenge for today’s organizations due to workforce shrinking and ageing. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how it is possible to develop older employees’ potential in technology use in the business environment. ,The authors examined how employees at various age perceive barriers during enterprise system (ES) adoption and use. This exploratory study is based on grounded theory and draws from the opinions of 187 Polish ES practitioners. ,With age, emphasis on employees’ perception of mandatory ICT implementation projects is shifting from technology to people-related considerations. For older employees, job security and workload appear the most critical issues in such projects. Age-diverse collaboration appears necessary to address the problems posed by technology-related and demographic changes. ,The findings imply that incorporating multiple stakeholder perspectives and age-related considerations into research on ICT adoption appears essential. ,ICT adoption in the business environment can be successfully supported by age-balanced team building, cooperation between younger and older employees, and age-adjusted change management initiatives. ,Supporting older employees during the implementation of mandatory business software should embrace reducing their negative attitudes to ICT-induced change by minimizing their perception of job insecurity. ,Unlike many prior studies, the current research places age in the central role and discusses not only how it is possible to support older employees, but also how to leverage their potential in the process of ICT adoption and use in a mandatory setting.
Reducing Meat Consumption: Drawing on Participatory Action Research to Explore Ways of Engaging in a Process of Meat Consumption Reduction

With growing attention to climate change and human impacts on the environment, an emerging body of literature is exploring the impacts of global reliance on meat consumption. Research is increasingly supporting the feasibility of reducing meat consumption to address the environmental pressures of the global food system. However, recommended strategies to promote a reduction in meat consumption have been limited due to narrowly focusing on individual rational decision-making models. Centralizing a Social Practice theoretical lens, the present study utilized an approach to participatory action research to explore the experiences of seven (N = 7) green-building tenants reducing their meat consumption through a series of six weekly peer group and participant-driven meetings in the workplace. Thematic analysis of preand post-surveys, the meetings and a follow-up focus group illuminate the supportive role that peer support groups have for engaging in an individual reduction in meat consumption. Aspects of the participatory peer group that contributed most to engagement in the meat reduction process are discussed.
Investigating the Adequacy of EFL Learners' L2 Digital Literacy Skills, Consistency of Self-Assessed Competence, and Actual Performance

This study was designed to investigate the adequacy of EFL learners' abilities in three major dimensions of digital literacy skills and whether self-assessments of competence were consistent with their actual performance. It also identified factors that affected learners' use of the selected digital literacy skills. To this end, 60 Saudi EFL learners (41 male and 19 female) responded to a five-part, cross-sectional questionnaire of 36 items categorized according to the three dimensions of digital literacy skills. They also engaged in 11 predetermined real-time Internet search tasks. The participants' on-screen online search activities were recorded and subjected to a search log analysis. Short, semi-structured post-search interviews were conducted to capture the participants' reflections on the search process. The data was analyzed with descriptive statistics and paired t-tests. The participants' success in searches was measured by the total number of tasks completed accurately. The results indicated that the participants were ill-equipped to efficiently handle the three key L2 digital literacy skills. Participants' low self-perceived ability to use them adequately was consistent with their actual poor online search performance. Further, the participants scored low in search accuracy, with the exception of search results interpretation skills and, to some extent, skills to evaluate a website's usefulness, and exhibited a wide range of areas for improvement and challenges in Web information search. The implications of the study and potential areas of future research are discussed.