Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A DIRECT DYNAMICAL MEASUREMENT OF THE MILKY WAY'S DISK SURFACE DENSITY PROFILE, DISK SCALE LENGTH, AND DARK MATTER PROFILE AT 4 kpc ≲ R ≲ 9 kpc

We present and apply rigorous dynamical modeling with which we infer unprecedented constraints on the stellar and dark matter mass distribution within our Milky Way (MW), based on large sets of phase-space data on individual stars. Specifically, we model the dynamics of 16,269 G-type dwarfs from SEGUE, which sample 5 kpc < RGC < 12 kpc and 0.3 kpc ≲ |Z| ≲ 3 kpc. We independently fit a parameterized MW potential and a three-integral, action-based distribution function (DF) to the phase-space data of 43 separate abundance-selected sub-populations (MAPs), accounting for the complex selection effects affecting the data. We robustly measure the total surface density within 1.1 kpc of the mid-plane to 5% over 4.5 kpc < RGC < 9 kpc. Using metal-poor MAPs with small radial scale lengths as dynamical tracers probes 4.5 kpc ≲ RGC ≲ 7 kpc, while MAPs with longer radial scale lengths sample 7 kpc ≲ RGC ≲ 9 kpc. We measure the mass-weighted Galactic disk scale length to be Rd = 2.15 ± 0.14 kpc, in agreement with the photometrically inferred spatial distribution of stellar mass. We thereby measure dynamically the mass of the Galactic stellar disk to unprecedented accuracy: M* = 4.6 ± 0.3 + 3.0 (R0/ kpc − 8) × 1010 M☉ and a total local surface density of of which 38 ± 4 M☉ pc−2 is contributed by stars and stellar remnants. By combining our surface density measurements with the terminal velocity curve, we find that the MW's disk is maximal in the sense that Vc, disk/Vc, total = 0.83 ± 0.04 at R = 2.2 Rd. We also constrain for the first time the radial profile of the dark halo at such small Galactocentric radii, finding that ρDM(r; ≈R0)∝1/rα with α < 1.53 at 95% confidence. Our results show that action-based DF modeling of complex stellar data sets is now a feasible approach that will be fruitful for interpreting Gaia data.
Analysis of a three phase induction motor directly from Maxwell’s equations

The torque developed in a three phase AC squirrel cage motor is usually expressed in terms of resistances and reactances of the stator, the rotor, and the motor as a whole. We use Maxwell’s equations to find the torque in terms of geometrical parameters. This formulation allows us to estimate the torque developed by a motor without knowing the details of its circuitry.
Kinetic and thermodynamic study on acid hydrolysis of corn cob, rose stem, and pineapple crown

Abstract Acid hydrolysis was performed to produce reducing sugars from pineapple crown (PC), corn cob (CC), and rose stem (RS); the holocellulose contents of PC, CC, and RS were 69.36%, 70.17%, and 63.89%, respectively. The highest production of reducing sugars was obtained at 150 °C and 1.5 M sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for PC (46.04 g/100 g) and 2.0 M (H2SO4) (41.61 and 15.96 g/100g respectively) for CC and RS with a reaction time of 150 min. The Saeman equation adequately described the hydrolysis kinetics. The production of reduced sugars was the predominant reaction (k1 > k2 , kr > 1) instead of decomposition for PC and CC, and that of RS was dominated by the decomposition. The Ea obtained from the Arrhenius equation showed that PC and CC (3.676 kJ/mol mean value from all concentrations used) are more easily hydrolyzable materials than RS (Ea =10.95 kJ/mol mean value). The trends in the thermodynamic parameters, ΔH, and ΔG, showed that hydrolysis is an endothermic and non-spontaneous process. The temperature had a greater influence on the production and decomposition of reducing sugars than did the concentration of H2SO4 for PC and CC.
Observing the Big Bounce with tensor modes in the cosmic microwave background: phenomenology and fundamental loop quantum cosmology parameters

Cosmological models where the standard big bang is replaced by a bounce have been studied for " decades. The situation has, however, dramatically changed in the past years for two reasons: first, because new ways to probe the early Universe have emerged, in particular, thanks to the cosmic microwave background, and second, because some well grounded theories—especially loop quantum cosmology— unambiguously predict a bounce, at least for homogeneous models. In this article, we investigate into the details the phenomenological parameters that could be constrained or measured by next-generation B-mode cosmic microwave background experiments. We point out that an important observational window could be opened. We then show that those constraints can be converted into very meaningful limits on the fundamental loop quantum cosmology parameters. This establishes the early Universe as an invaluable quantum gravity laboratory.
New data on Trachipterus trachypterus Gmelin, 1789 and Zu cristatus (Bonelli, 1820) (Pisces: Trachipteridae) from the Mediterranean Sea

In this paper we report data on four juvenile individuals of T. trachypterus and one adult of Z. cristatus, from the Strait of Messina and southern Tyrrhenian Sea, respectively (Mediterranean Sea). Information on morphometric and meristic characters are provided together with some biological data such as prey and age estimation. Only stomachs of T. trachypterus contained prey: copepods, amphypods and pelagic snails. The analisys of growth patterns in vertebrae of Z. cristatus allowed to estimate an age of 4 years for this individual. We also combined our data together with information from bibliographic sources and estimated the relationships between total length and standard length, as well as total length and body mass, for these two species.
Verification of a System for Sustainable Research on Earthquake-Induced Soil Liquefaction in 1-g Environments

Within the presented research, model tests were performed in 1-g conditions to investigate the liquefaction potential of Skopje sand as a representative soil from the Vardar River’s terraces in N. Macedonia. A series of shaking table tests were performed on a fully saturated, homogeneous model of Skopje sand in the newly designed and constructed laminar container in the Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology (IZIIS), Skopje, N. Macedonia. The liquefaction depth in each shaking test was estimated based on the measured acceleration and pore water pressure as well as the frame movements of the laminar container. The surface settlement measurements indicated that the relative density increased by ~12% after each test. The observations from the tests confirmed that liquefaction was initiated along the depth at approximately the same time. The number of cycles required for liquefaction increased as the relative density increased. As the pore water pressure rose and reached the value of the effective stresses, the acceleration decreased, thus the period of the soil started to elongate. The results showed that the investigated Skopje sand was highly sensitive to void parameters and, under specific stress conditions, the liquefaction that occurred could be associated with large deformations. The presented experimental setup and soil material represent a well-proven example of a facility for continuous and sustainable research in earthquake geotechnical engineering.
DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR BANDS VERSUS KNOWN ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR SPECIES IN THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM OF M82 TOWARD SN 2014J

We discuss the absorption due to various constituents of the interstellar medium (ISM) of M82 seen in moderately high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio optical spectra of SN 2014J. Complex absorption from M82 is seen, at velocities 45 ≲ vLSR ≲ 260 km s−1, for Na i, K i, Ca i, Ca ii, CH, CH+, and CN; many of the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are also detected. Comparisons of the column densities of the atomic and molecular species and the equivalent widths of the DIBs reveal both similarities and differences in relative abundances, compared to trends seen in the ISM of our Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds. Of the 10 relatively strong DIBs considered here, 6 (including λ5780.5) have strengths within ±20% of the mean values seen in the local Galactic ISM, for comparable N(K i); 2 are weaker by 20%–45% and 2 (including λ5797.1) are stronger by 25%–40%. Weaker than “expected” DIBs (relative to N(K i), N(Na i), and E(B − V)) in some Galactic sight lines and toward several other extragalactic supernovae appear to be associated with strong CN absorption and/or significant molecular fractions. While the N(CH)/N(K i) and N(CN)/N(CH) ratios seen toward SN 2014J are similar to those found in the local Galactic ISM, the combination of high N(CH+)/N(CH) and high W(5797.1)/W(5780.5) ratios has not been seen elsewhere. The centroids of many of the M82 DIBs are shifted relative to the envelope of the K i profile—likely due to component-to-component variations in W(DIB)/N(K i) that may reflect the molecular content of the individual components. We compare estimates for the host galaxy reddening E(B − V) and visual extinction AV derived from the various interstellar species with the values estimated from optical and near-IR photometry of SN 2014J.
Development of a New Type of Flame Retarded Biocomposite Reinforced with a Biocarbon/Basalt Fiber System: A Comparative Study between Poly(lactic Acid) and Polypropylene

A new type of partially biobased reinforcing filler system was developed in order to be used as a flame retardant for polylactic acid (PLA) and polypropylene (PP)-based composites. The prepared materials intended for injection technique processing were melt blended using the novel system containing ammonium polyphosphate (EX), biocarbon (BC), and basalt fibers (BF). All of the prepared samples were subjected to a detailed analysis. The main criterion was the flammability of composites. For PLA-based composites, the flammability was significantly reduced, up to V-0 class. The properties of PLA/EX/BC and PLA/EX/(BC-BF) composites were characterized by their improved mechanical properties. The conducted analysis indicates that the key factor supporting the effectiveness of EX flame retardants is the addition of BC, while the use of BF alone increases the flammability of the samples to the reference level. The results indicate that the developed materials can be easily applied in industrial practice as effective and sustainable flame retardants.
Multipole expansion in generalized electrodynamics

In this paper, we study some classical aspects of Podolsky electrodynamics in the static regime. We develop the multipole expansion for the theory in both the electrostatic and the magnetostatic cases. We also address the problem of consistently truncating the infinite series associated with the several kinds of multipoles, yielding approximations for the static Podolskian electromagnetic field to any degree of precision required. Moreover, we apply the general theory of multipole expansion to some specific physical problems. In those problems, we identify the first terms of the series with the monopole, dipole, and quadrupole terms in the generalized theory. We also propose a situation in which Podolsky theory can be experimentally tested.
Cytotoxic, genotoxic, and toxicogenomic effects of heated tobacco products and cigarette smoke in human primary keratinocytes

INTRODUCTION Heated tobacco products (HTPs) appear to be less harmful to health than conventional cigarettes (CCs). However, limited analytical data are available to support this claim. This study aimed to compare the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and toxicogenomic effects of HTPs and CCs in carcinogenesis via multistep gene mutations in the oral mucosal cells. METHODS Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was obtained from HTPs and CCs. Primary human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) were treated with 5% and 20% CSE from HTPs and CCs. Cell survival rate assays were performed after 6, 12, and 24 h. After 6 h, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) were evaluated using anti-γH2AX antibodies with immunohistochemistry. mRNAs expressions of mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1) and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR), were analyzed. Expressions of miR-22 and miR-185 were analyzed because miR-22 targets MDC1 and miR-185, ATR. RESULTS The HOKs had equivalent survival rates after exposure to the same concentrations of CSE from CCs and HTPs. HTPs increased foci formation of γH2AX in HOKs, as did CCs (without CSE vs 20% HTP, p<0.05; without CSE vs 20% CC, p<0.05). Expressions of MDC1 and ATR decreased in cells exposed to CSE from CCs and HTPs (MDC1: without CSE vs 20% HTP, p<0.05; without CSE vs 20% CC, p<0.05; ATR: without CSE vs 20% HTP, p<0.05; without CSE vs 20% CC, p<0.05). Expressions of miR-22 and miR-185 were not significantly increased when exposed to CSE from CCs or HTPs. CONCLUSIONS HTPs and CCs had similar cytotoxic effects. HTPs are genotoxic, can cause DSBs, and have toxicogenomic damage because they inhibit the MDC1 and ATR-CHK1 DNA repair pathways in the oral mucosa. The miRNA-mRNA axis was not related to these inhibitions.
Elucidating how the chemical-nutritional composition of tomato is affected by the environment, season, and growing system

Tomatoes play an important nutritional role due to the chemical-nutritional composition of this fruit, and its common use in dishes and food products. Its fruits provide pronounced antioxidant properties to the human diet, because of the presence of vitamin C, carotenogenic compounds such as lycopene and β-carotene, and phytochemicals such as flavonoids. Despite this, the antioxidant function and carotenoid levels in tomato may present significant differences depending on the system of cultivation, growing season, and environment in which this vegetable is cultivated. In light of this, this study aimed to assess the effects of the cultivation system known as “Viçosa”, in relation to traditional tomato cultivation systems, over two seasons. This assessment was done both under field conditions and in a controlled environment. The nutritional aspects of the fruits, such as the levels of phenolic compounds, lycopene, beta-carotene, and antioxidant activity, were analyzed. The controlled environment in the autumn-winter season, associated with the Viçosa cultivation system, facilitated increases in the lycopene content. Furthermore, field cultivation provided an increase of 68% and 38% in the total phenolic concentration in tomato fruits, in the spring-summer and autumn-winter seasons, respectively. Field cultivation also provided an increase of 31% in the antioxidant activity of the fruits, compared with that of the controlled cultivation, in the autumn-winter season. The increase in the levels of total phenolics and antioxidant activity of fruits due to cultivation in the field represents an advantage as cultivation in this environment has a lower cost than cultivation in a controlled environment. The cultivation systems did not influence the chemical-nutritional aspects of fruits; moreover, the Viçosa system brings together aspects such as high productivity and profitability, without compromising the chemical-nutritional aspects of the fruits, thereby configuring a promising system for tomato production.
Near-infrared properties of asymptotic giant branch stars in nearby dwarf elliptical galaxy NGC 205

We investigated the distribution of resolved asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars over a much larger area than covered by previous near-infrared studies in the nearby dwarf elliptical galaxy NGC 205. Using data obtained with the WIRCam near-infrared imager of the CFHT, we selected the AGB stars in the JHKs color-magnitude diagrams, and separated the C stars from M-giant stars in the JHKs color-color diagram. We identified 1,550 C stars in NGC 205 with a mean absolute magnitude of M_Ks = -7.49 \pm 0.54, and colors of (J - Ks) = 1.81 \pm 0.41 and (H - Ks) = 0.76 \pm 0.24. The ratio of C stars to M-giant stars was estimated to be 0.15 \pm 0.01 in NGC 205, and the local C/M ratios for the southern region are somewhat lower than those for the northern region. The (J - Ks) color distributions of AGB stars contain the main peak of the M-giant stars and the red tail of the C stars. A comparison of the theoretical isochrone models with the observed color distribution indicates that most of the bright M-giant stars in NGC 205 were formed at log(t_yr) \sim 9.0-9.7. The logarithmic slope of the M_Ks luminosity function for M-giant stars was estimated to be 0.84 \pm 0.01, which is comparable with dwarf elliptical galaxies NGC 147 and NGC 185. Furthermore, we found that the logarithmic slopes of the M_Ks luminosity function for C and M-giant stars are different to places, implying a different star formation history within NGC 205. The bolometric luminosity function for M-giant stars extends to M_bol = -6.0 mag, and that for C stars spans -5.6 < M_bol < -3.0. The bolometric luminosity function of C stars is unlikely to be a Gaussian distribution and the mean bolometric magnitude of C stars is estimated to be M_bol = -4.24 \pm 0.55, which is consistent with our results for dwarf elliptical galaxies NGC 147 and NGC 185.
Cosmological perturbations in mimetic Horndeski gravity

We study linear scalar perturbations around a flat FLRW background in mimetic Horndeski gravity. In the absence of matter, we show that the Newtonian potential satisfies a second-order differential equation with no spatial derivatives. This implies that the sound speed for scalar perturbations is exactly zero on this background. We also show that in mimetic G3 theories the sound speed is equally zero. We obtain the equation of motion for the comoving curvature perturbation (first order differential equation) and solve it to find that the comoving curvature perturbation is constant on all scales in mimetic Horndeski gravity. We find solutions for the Newtonian potential evolution equation in two simple models. Finally we show that the sound speed is zero on all backgrounds and therefore the system does not have any wave-like scalar degrees of freedom.
ON SUNSPOT AND STARSPOT LIFETIMES

We consider the lifetimes of spots on the Sun and other stars from the standpoint of magnetic diffusion. While normal magnetic diffusivity predicts lifetimes of sunspots that are too large by at least two orders of magnitude, turbulent magnetic diffusivity accounts for both the functional form of the solar empirical spot–lifetime relation and for the observed sunspot lifetimes, provided that the relevant diffusion length is the supergranule size. Applying this relation to other stars, the value of turbulent diffusivity depends almost entirely on supergranule size, with very weak dependence on other variables such as magnetic field strength and density. Overall, the best observational data for other stars is consistent with the extension of the solar relation, provided that stellar supergranule sizes for some stars are significantly larger than they are on the Sun.
Partitive Case and Aspect

Current theories make a distinction between two types of case, STRUCTURAL case and INHERENT (or LEXICAL) case (Chomsky 1981), similar to the older distinction between GRAMMATICAL and SEMANTIC case (Kurylowicz 1964). 1 Structural case is assumed to be assigned at S-structure in a purely configurational way, whereas inherent case is assigned at D-structure in possible dependence on the governing predicates’s lexical properties. It is well known that not all cases fall cleanly into this typology. In particular, there is a class of cases that pattern syntactically with the structural cases, but are semantically conditioned. These cases however depend on different semantic conditions than inherent cases do: instead of being sensitive to the thematic relation that the NP bears to the verbal predicate, they are sensitive to the NP’s definiteness, animacy, or quantificational properties, or to the aspectual character of the VP, or to some combination of these factors. The Finnish partitive is a particularly clear instance of this apparently hybrid category of semantically conditioned structural case.2
Korteweg-de Vries and Benjamin-Ono equations on Zhidkov spaces

Motivated by the study of the Cauchy problem with bore-like initial data, we show the “well-posedness” for Korteweg-de Vries and BenjaminOno equations with initial data in Zhidkov spaces X, with respectively s > 1 and s > 5/4. Here, “well-posedness” includes local (global in some cases) existence, uniqueness under a supplementary assumption and continuity with respect to the initial data.
The Effect of Video-assisted Discovery Learning Model on Junior High School Students' Mathematical Communication

This study determines the effect of video-assisted Discovery Learning on the mathematical communication skills of junior high school students. The research sample was determined by cluster random sampling of the seventh-grade students of SMP Negeri 29 Semarang, Indonesia. The research data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), continued with the Scheffe test. The results showed that: (i) the Discovery Learning model assisted by video learning had a significant effect on the mathematical communication abilities of students (F = 11,926; P = 0.05); (ii) there were differences in the mathematical communication ability between students using the Discovery model and those using conventional models (F = 9,729; P = 0.05); and (iii) there were differences in the mathematical communication skills of students watching instructional videos and those who did not (F = 8,592; P = 0.05). The authors conclude that the Discovery Learning model assisted by instructional videos is more effective and has a significant effect on the mathematical communication abilities of secondary high school students. Keywords: instructional video, Discovery Learning effectiveness, mathematical communication
Extended Limber Approximation

We develop a systematic derivation for the Limber approximation to the angular cross-power spectrum of two random fields, as a series expansion in $(\ensuremath{\ell}+1/2{)}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. This extended Limber approximation can be used to test the accuracy of the Limber approximation and to improve the rate of convergence at large $\ensuremath{\ell}$'s. We show that the error in ordinary Limber approximation is $\mathcal{O}({\ensuremath{\ell}}^{\ensuremath{-}2})$. We also provide a simple expression for the 2nd order correction to the Limber formula, which improves the accuracy to $\mathcal{O}({\ensuremath{\ell}}^{\ensuremath{-}4})$. This correction can be especially useful for narrow redshift bins, or samples with small redshift overlap, for which the 0th order Limber formula has a large error. We also point out that using $\ensuremath{\ell}$ instead of $\ensuremath{\ell}+1/2$, as is often done in the literature, spoils the accuracy of the approximation to $\mathcal{O}({\ensuremath{\ell}}^{\ensuremath{-}1})$.
ANALISIS PEMBERIAN LIMBAH ORGANIK PASAR CIAMIS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN CACING TANAH (Lumbricus rubellus) MELALUI MEDIA SAMPAH DAUN SEKITAR KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS GALUH CIAMIS

Sampah terdiri dari 2 jenis yaitu sampah tanaman (daun) dan limbah organic. Sampah daun yang telah dikomposkan dan limbah organic pasar tradisional Ciamis dapat dimanfaatkan untuk media pertumbuhan cacing tanah dan sebagai alternative pengolahan sampah. Budidaya cacing tanah mendorong pemanfaatan media dan pakan yang tersedia melimpah di lingkungan seperti sampah daun dan limbah organic pasar tradisional Ciamis dan bisa juga sebagai alternatif bagi terbentuknya wirausaha dalam pengurangan pengangguran yang ada di kabupaten Ciamis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui analisis pemberian Limbah organik pasar Ciamis terhadap pertumbuhan cacing cacing tanah ( Lumbricuss rubellus). Hubungan jumlah pemberian pakan dan pertumbuhan cacing tanah (jumlah dan bobot) diketahui dengan metode analisis regresi linier, dilakukan uji t. Dengan bantuan SPSS seri 16. Perlakuan pertama dengan pemberian pakan sebanyak 50 gr menghasilkan pertumbuhan yang paling baik dibandingkan dengan pemberian pakan 150 gr, 100 gr dan 25 gr. Perlakuan pertama menghasilkan rata-rata bobot akhir sebesar 111.75 gr dan rata-rata jumlah akhir 192 ekor dari rata-rata jumlah awal 100 ekor.