Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Climatic shifts and water quality response in North Island lakes, New Zealand

Trophic status has increased in many lakes of the Central Volcanic Plateau (CVP) region of North lsland, New Zealand, over the past 3-4 decades. Lake Okaro, for example, is a smalllake (area, A= 0.32 km2; mean depth, z = l l m) where the hypolimnion first became anoxic in the 1960s (FISH 1970). In Lake Rotoiti (A = 33.5 km2, Z = 33m), VINCENT et al. (1984) showed an exponential increase in hypolimnetic oxygen demand from 1956 to 1984, resulting in anoxia of the hypolimnion in the latter stages o f seasonal stratification, as well as large increases in the proportion of cyanobacteria among the phytoplankton assemblage. Oligotrophic, nitrogen-limited Lake Taupo (A= 606 km2, z= 91 m) has also shown statistically significant increases in nitrate and chlorophyll a concentrations in response to increases in nitrogen loading from groundwater, reflecting conversions of forest to pastoral farming land (VANT & HusER 2000). There is some evidence, however, to indicate that trophic status of some mesotrophic and eutrophic CVP lakes (e.g. lakes Rotoiti and Rotorua) stabilised during the 1990s (BURNs et al. 1997), and that other influences such as climate may therefore effect temporary transitions in trophic status. We hypothesised that long-term changes in climate may have a detectable effect on water temperature and duration and intensity of stratification in CVP lakes, and that the associated biogeochemical effects might be resolved independently from those due to nutrient enrichment. EI Nifio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events represent an additional source o f variability in observed lake responses, but are also themselves influenced by global climatic shifts. Studies in the North Hernisphere have demonstrated significant effects on lake physics and biota of Northern Atlantic Oscillation events (WEYHENMEYER et al. 1999) and ENSO events (SCHINDLER 1997). In New Zealand, the EI Niiío phase o f ENSO is commonly associated with strong westerly winds and cool, dry conditions in the Rotoma lakes region, while La Nifia is more likely to produce warm, wet conditions (MULLAN 1996).
Lightning Location System Data from Wind Power Plants Compared to Meteorological Conditions of Warm- and Cold Thunderstorm Events

Conditions of Warmand Cold Thunderstorm Events DTU Orbit (17/12/2018) Lightning Location System Data from Wind Power Plants Compared to Meteorological Conditions of Warmand Cold Thunderstorm Events Five years of Lightning Location System (LLS) data from five different wind turbine sites in Europe are analysed. The sites are located in Croatia, Italy, Spain, France and one offshore wind power plant in the North sea. Each location exhibits individual characteristic properties in terms of topography, height above mean sea level (AMSL), and average ground flash density. For three sites, the most severe lightning events have been identified during the warm and cold months whereas the other two locations exhibit severe lightning detections mainly during the warm months. In this work severity is a measure of lightning observations per day. Statistics about the monthly exposure of the wind turbines are provided. In order to complement the analysis, meteorological parameters related to the lightning events were analysed. Radio sounding measurements provide an analysis of the condition of the atmosphere, in which an electrically charged thundercloud is formed. Furthermore, the reflectivity data from a radar station is used in order to identify convective cores, cloud shape and height of its top and base, and the motion direction of the thunderstorm clouds. With this approach, distinct differences between warm and cold season thunderstorms can be identified. In total, 27 severe thunderstorms events, which were detected by a LLS in the vicinity of the wind turbines, are investigated. The analysis of cold season thunderstorms shows that lightning discharges are triggered in a very big area over a long time period (up to 18 hours). As characteristic for cold season storms, the altitude of the charge separating -10◦ C isotherm is around 2000 meters above terrain and the wind velocity is above 12 meters per second. Warm season thunderstorms develop faster, and the overall lifetime of such an episode can vary from tens of minutes to several hours in the case of new storms being continuously developed in the same area. The distance of the charge separating -10◦ C and the ground is usually larger than 3000 meters. This analyse provides information about the different thunderstorm types which trigger lightning discharges on wind turbines.
Insights into agricultural influences and weathering processes from major ion patterns

Karst areas and their catchments pose a great challenge for protection because fast conduit flow results in low natural attenuation of anthropogenic contaminants. Studies of the hydrochemistry of karst sources and river solutes are an important tool for securing and managing water resources. A study of the geochemical downriver evolution of the Wiesent River and its tributaries, located in a typical karst terrain, revealed unexpected downstream decreases of nitrate with maximum mean values of 30 mg/L at the source to minimum values of 18 mg/L near the river mouth. This trend persisted over the length of the river even though increased agricultural activities are evident in the downstream section of the catchment. This pattern is caused by fertilizer inputs via diffusive and fast conduits flow from karst lithology in the upstream area that may have reached the river's source even from beyond the hydrological catchment boundaries. Further downstream, these influences became diluted by tributary inputs that drain subcatchments dominated by claystone and sandstone lithologies that increased potassium and sulphate concentrations. Our findings indicate that bedrock geology remains the dominant control on the major ion chemistry of the Wiesent River and that agricultural influences are strongest near the headwaters despite increased land use further downstream, due to long‐term storage and accumulation in karst aquifers. This feature may not be unique to the Wiesent River system, as carbonates cover significant portions of the Earth's surface and subsequent work in other river systems could establish whether such patterns are ubiquitous worldwide.
Teacher - Student Interaction and its Relation to Nursing Administration Course Engagement among Nursing Students

Background: Interactions between teachers and their students play a pivotal role in academic engagement as a general and course engagement especially. Aim of the study : It aimed to assess teacher-student interaction and it's relation to nursing administration course engagement among nursing students. Research design: A descriptive correlational design was used to carry out this study. Setting: The study was conducted at Faculty of Nursing-Ain Shams University. Subjects: The study subjects included 133 out of 202 nursing student throughout the academic year (2020-2021) who enrolled in nursing administration course. Tools: Data were collected by using Teacher-Student Interaction Questionnaire and Student Course Engagement Questionnaire. Results: The majority (93.2%) of nursing students had positive behavior regarding teacher-student interaction. In addition, more than three fifth (62.8%) of nursing students had high level of nursing administration course engagement. Conclusion: There was a highly significant statistical positive correlation between total teacher-student interaction and total nursing administration course engagement among nursing students. Recommendations: Using multiple teacher-student communication channels to improve student course engagement,, Offering students the opportunity to engage in classroom projects during class to improve relationships between the student and teacher.
Mathematics Ethnic Learning Program in Improving the Understanding of Mathematical Concepts and the Character of Homeland Love

Mathematics learning is still considered abstract and challenging to understand for most elementary school students. This results in students' low understanding of mathematical concepts. This research aims to measure the effectiveness of the "Mathematics Ethnic Learning" program, which has been implemented to increase elementary school students' understanding of mathematical concepts and patriotism. This research uses a quantitative type of research with a one-group pretest-posttest research design and a quasi-experimental method. The sampling technique used is the purposive sampling technique. Data was obtained from a test for understanding mathematical concepts and the results of a Love of the Country character questionnaire. Data analysis used the paired sample t-test and n-gain test. This research shows that students' comprehension test scores and the love of the country character questionnaire before and after the program was implemented showed a significant increase in these two aspects. Based on the statistical analysis that has been carried out, it shows that learning mathematics by applying traditional games can significantly influence students' understanding of the concept and character of patriotism. Furthermore, after being tested using the n-gain score formula, it showed that traditional games were quite effective in increasing understanding of mathematical concepts and the character of loving one's country. It was concluded that Mathematics Ethnic Learning can increase elementary school students' understanding of mathematical concepts and their sense of patriotism.
Timing the time of concentration: shedding light on a paradox

ABSTRACT From the origins of hydrology, the time of concentration, tc, has conventionally been tackled as a constant quantity. However, theoretical proof and empirical evidence imply that tc exhibits significant variability against rainfall, making its definition and estimation a hydrological paradox. Adopting the assumptions of the Rational method and the kinematic approach, an effective procedure in a GIS environment for estimating the travel time across a catchment’s longest flow path is provided. By application in 30 Mediterranean basins, it is illustrated that tc is a negative power function of excess rainfall intensity. Regional formulas are established to infer its multiplier (unit time of concentration) and exponent from abstract geomorphological information, which are validated against observed data and theoretical literature outcomes. Besides offering a fast and easy solution to the paradox, we highlight the necessity of implementing the varying tc concept within hydrological modelling, signalling a major shift from current engineering practices.
Expression of Rejection-Associated Transcripts in Early Protocol Renal Transplant Biopsies Is Associated with Tacrolimus Exposure and Graft Outcome

Subclinical inflammation in protocol biopsies relates to tacrolimus exposure and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching. We aimed to characterize transcripts associated with rejection and tacrolimus exposure and the latter’s association with transplant outcomes. We tested whether gene expression is associated with rejection using strictly normal protocol biopsies (n = 17) and biopsies with T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) or antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) according to Banff criteria (n = 12). Subsequently, we analyzed these transcripts in a set of 4-month protocol biopsies (n = 137) to assess their association with donor and recipient characteristics, the intensity of immunosuppression, and the graft outcome. Differential expression (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.01, fold (change (FC) > 3) between normal and rejection biopsies yielded a set of 111 genes. In the protocol biopsy cohort (n = 137), 19 out of these 111 genes correlated with tacrolimus trough levels at the time of biopsy (TAC-C0), and unsupervised analysis split this cohort into two clusters. The two clusters differed in donor age and tacrolimus trough levels. Subclinical rejection, including borderline lesions, tended to occur in the same cluster. Logistic regression analysis indicated that TAC-C0 at the time of biopsy (OR: 0.83, 95%CI:0.72–0.06, p = 0.0117) was associated with cluster 2. In a follow-up averaging 70 ± 30 months, this patient group displayed a significant decline in renal function (p = 0.0135). The expression of rejection-associated transcripts in early protocol biopsies is associated with tacrolimus exposure and a faster decline in renal function.
The Short- and Long-Term Risk of Mortality in Intracranial Hemorrhage Patients with Tranexamic Acid Treatment in a Population-Based Cohort Study

Background: The mortality rate associated with nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage (NTICrH) remains consistently high under the current care modality. The effectiveness of tranexamic acid (TXA) as a treatment option is still a subject of debate. This study aims to assess the association between TXA administration and both short-term and long-term mortality rates in patients with NTICrH. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) spanning from January 2000 to December 2017. The study population consists of NTICrH patients admitted to the ICU, divided into two groups: patients who were treated with TXA and those who were not. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to balance the baseline characteristics of the two groups. Cox proportional hazard analysis was conducted to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for the all-cause mortality. Sensitivity analyses were performed using the inverse probability of treatment-weighted hazard ratio (IPTW-HR). To assess the timing of TXA use, we compared the risk of all-cause mortality within 180 days between patients receiving early TXA treatment and those receiving late TXA treatment. Results: There was no significant difference in 180-day all-cause mortality between the groups; the hazard ratio was 1.07 (95% CI: 0.96–1.20) in patients treated with TXA compared to those without TXA treatment. Within 7 days of admission, patients treated with TXA had a lower hazard ratio of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.74–0.90) for all-cause mortality. Conclusions: Lower mortality within the first 7 days was observed in patients with NTICrH who received TXA.
Magnetotail Configuration During a Steady Convection Event as Observed by Low‐Altitude and Magnetospheric Spacecraft

Motivated by ongoing discussion regarding the magnetic configuration in the near‐Earth and midtail regions and its role in populating the inner magnetosphere during long‐duration steady magnetospheric convection (SMC) events, we analyze a rich collection of observations during ~10 hr of strong, steady solar wind driving. Auroral boundaries and regions of stretched and dipolarized magnetic field in the plasma sheet were monitored using solar electron loss cone anisotropy observed by low‐altitude spacecraft. Following a southward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field and a subsequent 3‐ to 4‐hr period of large‐scale substorm‐related reconfigurations and plasma injections, the near‐Earth magnetic configuration evolved into a nonstandard type, which lasted until the end of this SMC event (5 hr). During that time a dipolarized region with complicated Bz landscape persisted in the midtail, while the configuration was very stretched in the near tail. This was manifested as a highly depressed magnetic Bz component at geostationary orbit and as persistent nonadiabatic electron scattering at the periphery of the outer radiation belt. In addition, in situ observations suggest that a thin current sheet extended longitudinally toward the dawn terminator. In the return convection region near the terminator, observations of this azimuthal current sheet were sporadically interrupted/modulated by earthward convecting plasma structures, either remnants of reconnection‐produced plasma bubbles or flapping waves. The hybrid magnetotail configuration (dipolar in the midtail and stretched in the near tail) observed during this long‐duration SMC event poses a challenge for empirical magnetospheric modeling.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Nanohybrids Based on Carboxymethyl Scleroglucan and Silica Nanoparticles

In this study, two new nanohybrids (NH-A and NH-B) were synthesized through carbodiimide-assisted coupling. The reaction was performed between carboxymethyl-scleroglucans (CMS-A and CMS-B) with different degrees of substitution and commercial amino-functionalized silica nanoparticles using 4-(dimethylamino)-pyridine (DMAP) and N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as catalysts. The morphology and properties of the nanohybrids were investigated by using transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron-dispersive scanning (EDS), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The nanohybrids exhibited differences in structure due to the incorporation of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) materials. The results reveal that hybrid nanomaterials exhibit similar thermal properties but differ in morphology, chemical structure, and crystallinity properties. Finally, a viscosity study was performed on the newly obtained nanohybrid materials; viscosities of nanohybrids increased significantly in comparison to the carboxymethyl-scleroglucans, with a viscosity difference of 7.2% for NH-A and up to 32.6% for NH-B.
S‐velocity characterization of the crust and upper mantle structure beneath the Bay of Bengal

A 3D S‐velocity model has been determined from fundamental‐mode Rayleigh‐wave analysis in a wide period band (from 5 s to 175 s), to attain the characterization of the geologic structures existing in the Bay of Bengal, from 0 to 300 km depth. This model is presented by means of S‐velocity maps. In these maps, the S‐velocity in the depth range from 0 to 10 km is principally affected by the distribution of the sediment deposits. The S‐velocity generally increases with depth, showing the lowest values for shallow depths in which are present unconsolidated sediments. The S‐velocity mapping also allows the clear differentiation between the 85E Ridge and the 90E Ridge. The lower S‐velocity determined for the 85E Ridge compared with its adjacent region suggests that this ridge is less dense than its adjacent region. The existence of compensation beneath both ridges also is definitively confirmed in the Moho map performed in this study. The lower S‐velocities determined for the regions of the Andaman Sea and the northernmost part of the Bay of Bengal, in the depth range from 15 to 40 km, are associated to the existence of a thick crust beneath this regions. The results obtained in the present study confirm that the crust beneath the Bay of Bengal is in general thin crust. Although the controversy about the nature of the crust beneath the Bay of Bengal (is it oceanic or continental? ) still persist, the results of the present study show that both hypotheses (oceanic crust and continental crust) are reasonable. The 3D S‐velocity model shows that the huge sediment load located at the northernmost part of the Bay of Bengal has originated at the thickening of the crust and the lithosphere, whereas the asthenosphere is almost unaffected by this load. This model also shows that the subduction of the Indian Plate below the Burma Plate, at the east of the Sunda Trench, also has produced a thickening of the crust and the lithosphere, but the asthenosphere is almost not affected by this effect. Finally, the dependency of the S‐velocity with the age of the lithosphere and the asthenosphere is shown very clearly for the lithosphere whereas it is only slight visible for the asthenosphere.
Soil organic matter and texture estimation from visible–near infrared–shortwave infrared spectra in areas of land cover changes using correlated component regression

Land use changes due to natural and human‐related factors, which include wildfires and crop abandonment, are among the most important drivers of soil degradation and demand regular monitoring. Proximal soil sensing in visible–near infrared–shortwave infrared spectral regions could offer a solution. However, to become operational, optimal combination of data and technique has to be defined. Thus, the purpose of this study was (a) to predict the soil organic matter (SOM) content and soil texture in areas of wildfire burns and crop abandonment in Aragón Province, Northern Spain, from their laboratory reflectance spectra using novel correlated components regression with a step‐down variable selection algorithm (CCR‐SD) and (b) to compare the CCR‐SD and the partial least squares regression (PLSR) methods. The results obtained by the tested methods were similar. CCR‐SD models showed high predictive capacity with coefficients of determination (R2) in the range of 0.80–0.86 and 0.70–0.87 for calibration and validation data sets, respectively, and the highest R2 value was attained in the SOM estimation. Moreover, the CCR‐SD models stand out for the superior accuracy–parsimony relationship: the number of predictors varied from 16 (silt models) to 49 (SOM models). On average, the CCR‐SD calibrations needed less than a half of the predictors employed in PLSR models. This research confirmed that CCR‐SD can be used for monitoring SOM content and texture of soils from visible–near infrared–shortwave infrared spectra in the study area and, probably, in other areas of land use/land cover change and that CCR‐SD can create highly parsimonious models that achieve results comparable with the commonly used PLSR method.
Hydrologic and Nutrient Fluxes in a Small Watershed with Changing Agricultural Practices

Abstract Nonpoint-source nutrients contribute to eutrophication of surface waters. While effects of particular management actions are difficult to identify at the watershed scale, assessing nutrient fluxes over time can illuminate the net impact of trends in land use and management. We investigated nutrient fluxes in upper Kamm Creek in northwest Washington State to determine if historical changes in land management, responding to economic and regulatory shifts, had impacted nutrient export. We compared current (October 2015 to September 2018) nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes in Kamm Creek to data from a previous study (1993 to 1998). We found significantly higher current fluxes of nitrate, and significantly lower current fluxes of orthophosphate (P) and total phosphorus (TP), compared to the historical sampling period. The increased annual nitrate flux resulted from slightly higher average discharge and significantly higher nitrate concentrations throughout the year. In contrast, current P and TP concentrations were significantly lower throughout the year than previously. The Nooksack River, which receives water from the study stream, showed similar patterns for P and TP, but not nitrate. Kamm Creek had reduced phosphorus fluxes and increased nitrate fluxes between the 1993 to1998 and 2015 to 2018 time periods. The watershed experienced several concurrent land-use changes, including reductions in hay and corn acreage, increases in berry crop acreage, legislation to reduce manure application, and altered use of nitrate-enriched groundwater. We cannot currently distinguish among these. Further understanding relationships between specific management changes and nutrient fluxes will help to maintain local agricultural productivity and improve water quality.