Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Late time dynamics of rapidly rotating black holes

We study the late-time behavior of a dynamically perturbed rapidly rotating black hole. Considering an extreme Kerr black hole, we show that the large number of virtually undamped quasinormal modes (that exist for nonzero values of the azimuthal eigenvalue m) combine in such a way that the field (as observed at infinity) oscillates with an amplitude that decays as 1/t at late times. This is in clear contrast to the standard late time power-law falloff familiar from studies of nonrotating black holes. This long-lived oscillating “tail” will, however, not be present for nonextreme (presumably more astrophysically relevant) black holes, for which we find that many quasinormal modes (individually excited to a very small amplitude) combine to give rise to an exponentially decaying field. At very late times this slowly damped quasinormal-mode signal gives way to the standard power-law tail (corresponding to a mixture of multipoles depending on the initial data). These results could have implications for the detection of gravitational-wave signals from rapidly spinning black holes, since the required theoretical templates need to be constructed from linear combinations of many modes. Our main results are obtained analytically, but we support the conclusions with numerical time evolutions of the Teukolsky equation. These time evolutions provide an interesting insight into the notion that the quasinormal modes can be viewed as waves trapped in the spacetime region outside the horizon. They also suggest that a plausible mechanism for the behavior we observe for extreme black holes is the presence of a “superradiance resonance cavity” immediately outside the black hole.
Analysis of blocking events from observations and ECHAM model simulations

A new objective routine for the identification of individual blocking events has been developed which is applicable to data sets of different horizontal resolution. It is based on the 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies with respect to a mean seasonal cycle. Three features of blocking are checked with this method: the intensity of the anomaly exceeding some threshold, a certain extension prescribed by a peripheral value of geopotential height, and a duration of at least 5 days. The routine is applied to ECMWF analyses and to climate simulations of the Northern Hemisphere, which were performed with the atmosphere model ECHAM3. In winter, the blocking statistics derived from the observations are in accord with the results of other identification techniques. In other seasons the differences are larger due to a different definition of blocking. It is shown that the model ECHAM3 simulates the observed two-dimensional frequency distribution of blocking events quite realistically. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1995. t01-3-00003.x
Evaporative cooling amplification of the entrainment velocity in radiatively driven stratocumulus

Evaporative cooling monotonically increases as the thermodynamical properties of the inversion allow for more evaporation in shear‐free radiatively driven stratocumulus. However, the entrainment velocity can deviate from the evaporative cooling trend and even become insensitive to variations in the inversion properties. Here the efficiency of evaporative cooling at amplifying the entrainment velocity is quantified by means of direct numerical simulations of a cloud top mixing layer. We demonstrate that variations in the efficiency modulate the effect of evaporative cooling on entrainment, explaining the different trends. These variations are associated with the evaporation of droplets in cloud holes below the inversion point. The parametrization of the efficiency provides the evaporative amplification of the entrainment velocity as a function of a single parameter that characterizes the inversion. The resulting entrainment velocities match our experiments and previous measurements to within ±25%. The parametrization also predicts the transition to a broken‐cloud field consistently with observations.
Density profile asymptotes at the centre of dark matter halos

For the spherical symmetric case, all quantities describing the relaxed dark matter halo can be expressed as functions of the gravitational potential Φ . Decomposing the radial velocity dispersion $\sigma_{\rm r}$ with respect to Φ at very large and very small radial distances the possible asymptotic behavior for the density and velocity profiles can be obtained. If reasonable boundary conditions are posed such as a finite halo mass and force-free halo centre the asymptotic density profiles at the centre should be much less steep than the profiles obtained within numerical simulations. In particular cases profiles like Plummer's model are obtained. The reasons of that seeming discrepancy with respect to the results of N -body simulations are discussed.
MUSCLE SYNERGIES ANALYSIS SHOWS ALTERED NEURAL COMMANDS IN WOMEN WITH PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN DURING WALKING

Backgroud: Several studies suggest that the central nervous system coordinates muscle activation by modulating neural commands directed to groups of muscles combined to form muscle synergies. Individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP) move differently from asymptomatic individuals. Understanding the neural factors involved in the execution of tasks such as walking can help comprehend how the movement is planned and better understand this clinical condition. Research question: To compare the muscle coordination of women with and without PFP during gait. Methods: Eleven women with PFP and thirteen asymptomatic women were assessed using three-dimensional kinematics and electromyography (EMG) while walking at self-selected speed. Kinematics of the trunk, pelvis and lower limbs were analyzed through the Movement Deviation Profile. Muscle synergies were extracted from the EMG signals of eight lower limb muscles collected throughout the whole gait cycle. Results: Kinematic differences between the two groups (p<0.001, z-score=3.06) were more evident during loading response, terminal stance, and pre-swing. PFP group presented a lower number of muscle synergies (p=0.037), and greater variability accounted for (VAFtotal) when using 3 (p=0.017), 4 (p=0.004), and 5 (p=0.012) synergies to reconstruct all EMG signals. The PFP group also presented higher VAFmuscle for rectus femoris (p=0.048) and gastrocnemius medialis (p=0.019) when considering 4 synergies. Significance: Our results suggest that women with PFP show lower motor complexity and deficit in muscle coordination to execute gait, indicating that gait in PFP gait is the result of different neural commands compared to asymptomatic women.
The Cool Interstellar Medium in S0 Galaxies. I. A Survey of Molecular Gas

Lenticular galaxies remain remarkably mysterious as a class. Observations to date have not led to any broad consensus about their origins, properties, and evolution, although they are often thought to have formed in one big burst of star formation early in the history of the universe and to have evolved relatively passively since then. In that picture, current theory predicts that stellar evolution returns substantial quantities of gas to the interstellar medium; most is ejected from the galaxy, but significant amounts of cool gas might be retained. Past searches for that material, though, have provided unclear results. We present results from a survey of molecular gas in a volume-limited sample of field S0 galaxies selected from the Nearby Galaxies Catalog. CO emission is detected from 78% of the sample galaxies. We find that the molecular gas is almost always located inside the central few kiloparsecs of a lenticular galaxy, meaning that in general it is more centrally concentrated than in spirals. We combine our data with H I observations from the literature to determine the total masses of cool and cold gas. Curiously, we find that, across a wide range of luminosity, the most gas-rich galaxies have ~10% of the total amount of gas ever returned by their stars. That result is difficult to understand within the context of either monolithic or hierarchical models of evolution of the interstellar medium.
A Review on Household Water End-Use Consumption to Mitigate the Urban Water Crisis: Insight from Various Cities in Indonesia

The present paper reviews the recent perspectives of end-use studies as a part of urban water crisis mitigation within the past decade in various regions in Indonesia. The paper integrates a critical review of water-end use consumption from five major islands in Indonesia. Comparative methods were used to determine the domestic water consumption behaviour from the collected data from 2013 to 2020. Furthermore, the collected data were classified into two major groups (i.e., regions on Java Island and regions on non-Java Island). At the end, this review reflected a different pattern between domestic water consumption in various socio-economic regions in Indonesia and expected to provide strategies that could be used to mitigate the urban water crisis in the future.
Direct imaging of sketched conductive nanostructures at the LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 interface

Nanoscale control of the quasi-two-dimensional electron gas at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) interface by a conductive probe tip has triggered the development of a number of electronic devices. While the spatial distribution of the conductance is crucial for such devices, it is challenging to directly visualize the local electrical properties at the buried interface. Here, we demonstrate conductivity imaging of sketched nanostructures at the LAO/STO interface by microwave impedance microscopy (MIM) with a lateral resolution on the order of 100 nm. The sheet conductance extracted from the MIM data agrees with the transport measurement. The tip-induced insulator-to-metal transition is observed above a threshold voltage of +4 V. Our work paves the way for studying emergent phenomena at oxide interfaces by probing nanoscale conductance distribution.
Galactic Winds

Galactic winds are the primary mechanism by which energy and metals are recycled in galaxies and are deposited into the intergalactic medium. New observations are revealing the ubiquity of this process, particularly at high redshift. We describe the physics behind these winds, discuss the observational evidence for them in nearby star-forming and active galaxies and in the high-redshift universe, and consider the implications of energetic winds for the formation and evolution of galaxies and the intergalactic medium. To inspire future research, we conclude with a set of observational and theoretical challenges.
Integrating fuzzy logic and house risk method for operational risk management in automotive industry

Risk management is very important for all organizations and nowadays companies need to be aware of the risks that endanger their operational activities. The object of this research is a motorcycle component manufacturing company that has not yet fully identified its operational risks and designed risk management even though these risks affect the company’s performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify operational risks and design preventive actions. This study combines fuzzy logic with the house of risk (HOR) model which consists of two phases. The first phase determines the dominant risk agents and the second phase determines the effective actions to deal with them. From the results, there are 22 risk events and 28 risk agents with fifteen dominant risk agents such as human error, data misinformation, and others. Twelve preventive actions were also obtained, such as improving communication both internally and externally and others.
Conserved charges in asymptotically de Sitter spacetimes

We present a covariant phase space construction of hamiltonian generators of asymptotic symmetries with ‘Dirichlet’ boundary conditions in de Sitter spacetime, extending a previous study of Jäger. We show that the de Sitter charges so defined are identical to those of Ashtekar, Bonga, and Kesavan (ABK). We then present a comparison of ABK charges with other notions of de Sitter charges. We compare ABK charges with counterterm charges, showing that they differ only by a constant offset, which is determined in terms of the boundary metric alone. We also compare ABK charges with charges defined by Kelly and Marolf at spatial infinity of de sitter spacetime. When the formalisms can be compared, we show that the two definitions agree. Finally, we express Kerr–de Sitter metrics in four and five dimensions in an appropriate Fefferman–Graham form.
Optical emission associated with the Galactic supernova remnant G179.0+2.6

Narrow passband optical images of the large Galactic supernova remnant G179.0+2.6 reveal a faint but nearly complete emission shell dominated by strong [O III] 4959,5007 A line emission. The remnant's optical emission, which consists of both diffuse and filamentary features, is brightest along its southern and northeastern limbs. Deep H-alpha images detect little coincidence emission indicating an unusually high [O III]/H-alpha emission ratio for such a large and apparently old remnant. Low-dispersion optical spectra of several regions confirm large [O III]/H-alpha line ratios with typical values around 10. The dominance of [O III] emission for the majority of the remnant's optical filaments suggests shock velocities above 100 km/s are present throughout most of the remnant, likely reflecting a relatively low density ambient ISM. The remnant's unusually strong [O III] emission adds to the remnant's interesting set of properties which include a thick radio emission shell, radial polarization of its radio emission like that typically seen in young supernova remnants, and an unusually slow-rotating gamma-ray pulsar with a characteristic spin-down age ~50 kyr.
Magnetic properties in ultrathin 3d transition-metal binary alloys. II. Experimental verification of quantitative theories of damping and spin pumping

A systematic experimental study of Gilbert damping is performed via ferromagnetic resonance for the disordered crystalline binary 3d transition-metal alloys Ni-Co, Ni-Fe, and Co-Fe over the full range of alloy compositions. After accounting for inhomogeneous linewidth broadening, the damping shows clear evidence of both interfacial damping enhancement (by spin pumping) and radiative damping. We quantify these two extrinsic contributions and thereby determine the intrinsic damping. The comparison of the intrinsic damping to multiple theoretical calculations yields good qualitative and quantitative agreement in most cases. Furthermore, the values of the damping obtained in this study are in good agreement with a wide range of published experimental and theoretical values. Additionally, we find a compositional dependence of the spin mixing conductance.
Linearized bekenstein varying α models

We study the simplest class of Bekenstein-type, varying {alpha} models, in which the two available free functions (potential and gauge kinetic function) are Taylor-expanded up to linear order. Any realistic model of this type reduces to a model in this class for a certain time interval around the present day. Nevertheless, we show that no such model is consistent with all existing observational results. We discuss possible implications of these findings, and, in particular, clarify the ambiguous statement (often found in the literature) that ''the Webb results are inconsistent with Oklo. ''.
Spin Degree of Freedom in a Two-Dimensional Electron Liquid

We have investigated correlation between spin polarization and magnetotransport in a high mobility silicon inversion layer which shows the metal-insulator transition. Increase in the resistivity in a parallel magnetic field reaches saturation at the critical field for the full polarization evaluated from an analysis of low-field Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations. By rotating the sample at various total strength of the magnetic field, we found that the normal component of the magnetic field at minima in the diagonal resistivity increases linearly with the concentration of ``spin-up'' electrons.
Threshold fluctuations in a superconducting current-carrying bridge

We calculate the energy of threshold fluctuation δ F thr which triggers the transition of a superconducting current-carrying bridge to the resistive state. We show that the dependence δ F thr ( I ) ∝ I dep ℏ ( 1 − I / I dep ) 5 / 4 / e , found by Langer and Ambegaokar for a long bridge with length L ≫ ξ , holds far below the critical temperature in both dirty and clean limits (here Idep is the depairing current of the bridge and ξ is a coherence length). We also find that even a ‘weak’ local defect (leading to a small suppression of the critical current of the bridge I c ≲ I dep ) provides δ F thr ∝ I c ℏ ( 1 − I / I c ) 3 / 2 / e , typical for a short bridge with L ≪ ξ or a Josephson junction.
A slip model for rarefied gas flows at arbitrary Knudsen number

A slip model for wall bounded rarefied gas flows is derived from kinetic theory. A corresponding modified Reynolds lubrication equation is obtained from the slip velocity boundary conditions at walls for high Knudsen number gas flows. The slip model in a simplest form has predictions very close to the numerical solutions of linearized Boltzmann equation in the whole Knudsen number range, and is preferable to the widely applied 1st order (Maxwell slip model), 2nd order, and 1.5 order slip models.
Parity partners in the baryon resonance spectrum

We describe a calculation of the spectrum of flavor-SU(3) octet and decuplet baryons, their parity partners, and the radial excitations of these systems, made using a symmetry-preserving treatment of a vector × vector contact interaction as the foundation for the relevant few-body equations. Dynamical chiral symmetry breaking generates nonpointlike diquarks within these baryons and hence, using the contact interaction, flavor-antitriplet scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, and flavor-sextet axial-vector quark-quark correlations can all play active roles. The model yields reasonable masses for all systems studied and Faddeev amplitudes for ground states and associated parity partners that sketch a realistic picture of their internal structure: ground-state, even-parity baryons are constituted, almost exclusively, from like-parity diquark correlations, but orbital angular momentum plays an important role in the rest-frame wave functions of odd-parity baryons, whose Faddeev amplitudes are dominated by odd-parity diquarks.
The Burden of Geriatric Trauma at the University College Hospital, Ibadan Nigeria

Background: Geriatric populations presently account for 9% of the world population and this is expected to increase. Injuries to the elderly accounted for 5.8 million accident and emergency visits in the US as well as 4% of patients treated for traumatic injuries in Abuja, Nigeria. Traumatic injury is therefore a major cause of morbidity in the elderly as such the need for the study in our environment. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to review the incidence and types of traumatic injury among the elderly population that presented at the University College Hospital Ibadan and to determine the causes of traumatic injury involving the geriatric age group in our environment. Materials and Methods: A retrospective hospital-based study involving the records of geriatric patients that presented with traumatic injuries between January 2014 and June 2021 at the geriatric center and the accident and emergency department of the hospital. The record was retrieved from the Total Quality Management Unit of the hospital. Results: Approximately 7.61% of the traumatic injury that presented at the accident and emergency department within the study period involved geriatric patients with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.08, whereas 0.3% of the patients for inpatient care at the geriatric center had a traumatic injury. Fall was the most common cause of traumatic injury observed and fracture was the most common traumatic injury observed. Conclusion: Less than 10% of the patients with the traumatic injury that presented at the University College Hospital Ibadan are in the geriatric age group. Most of the traumatic injury involving geriatric patients in our environment is due to low energy falls and fracture is the most common injury observed with the femur being the most affected bone. Therefore, interventions directed at reducing the incidence of falls in our environment will hopefully help in reducing the incidence of traumatic injuries in older person.
The morphology–density relation in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

We have studied the morphology-density relation and morphology-cluster-centric-radius relation using a volume-limited sample (0.05 < z < 0.1, Mr* < -20.5) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data. Major improvements compared with previous work are: (i) automated galaxy morphology classification capable of separating galaxies into four types; (ii) three-dimensional local galaxy density estimation; and (iii) the extension of the morphology-density relation into the field region. We found that the morphology-density and morphology-cluster-centric-radius relation in the SDSS data for both of our automated morphological classifiers, Cin and Tauto, as fractions of early-type galaxies increase and late-type galaxies decrease toward increasing local galaxy density. In addition, we found that there are two characteristic changes in both the morphology-density and the morphology-radius relations, suggesting that two different mechanisms are responsible for the relations. In the sparsest regions (below 1 Mpc - 2 or outside of 1 virial radius), both relations become less noticeable, suggesting that the physical mechanisms responsible for galaxy morphological change require a denser environment. In the intermediate-density regions (density between 1 and 6 Mpc - 2 or virial radius between 0.3 and 1), intermediate-type fractions increase toward denser regions, whereas late-disc fractions decrease. Considering that the median size of intermediate-type galaxies is smaller than that of late-disc galaxies, we propose that the mechanism is likely to stop star formation in late-disc galaxies, eventually turning them into intermediate-type galaxies after their outer discs and spiral arms become invisible as stars die. For example, ram-pressure stripping is one of the candidate mechanisms. In the densest regions (above 6 Mpc - 2 or inside 0.3 virial radii), intermediate-type fractions decrease radically and early-type fractions increase in turn. This is a contrasting result to that in intermediate regions and it suggests that yet another mechanism is more responsible for the morphological change in these regions. We also compared the morphology-density relation from the SDSS (0.01 < z < 0.054) with that of the MORPHS data (z ∼ 0.5). Two relations lie on top of each other, suggesting that the morphology-density relation was already established at z ∼ 0.5 as in the present Universe. A slight sign of an excess elliptical/S0 fraction in the SDSS data in dense regions might suggest the additional formation of elliptical/S0 galaxies in the cluster core regions between z = 0.5 and 0.05.
The Nine Lives of Schroedinger's Cat

This MSc dissertation surveys nine interpretations of non-relativistic quantum mechanics. Extensive references are given. The interpretations covered are: the orthodox interpretation, Bohr's interpretation, the idea that the mind causes collapse, hidden variables, the many-worlds interpretation, the many-minds interpretation, Bohm's interpretation and two interpretations based on decoherent histories.