Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combined loading of spudcan foundations on clay: laboratory tests

Recent research has shown that work-hardening plasticity theory provides a suitable framework for interpreting and predicting the load–displacement behaviour of rigid shallow foundations under combined vertical, moment and horizontal loading. Most previous work has, however, been restricted to footings on granular soils. This paper describes a series of laboratory tests conducted at unit gravity using a small circular footing and specimens of reconstituted kaolin. The results indicate that work-hardening plasticity concepts can also be applied to the modelling of shallow foundation behaviour on undrained clay. The footing shape chosen for the experiments is representative of the ‘spudcan’ foundations which support the legs of jack-up drilling platforms. A novel testing apparatus allows independent control of the vertical, rotational and horizontal footing displacements within a single vertical plane. Tests conducted at constant vertical penetration are used to investigate the shape and size of the combine.
NONLINEAR RESPONSE OF 20 LATERALLY LOADED PILES IN SAND

Closed-form solutions and their associated spreadsheet program (GASLFP) were developed by the first author for laterally loaded free-head piles in elastic-plastic media. The solutions show behaviour of a laterally loaded pile is dominated by net limiting force per unit length (LFP) fully mobilised along the pile to a depth called slip depth. They are characterised by three parameters of N g , α o and n (to describe the LFP) and the soil shear modulus (G s ). Conversely, these parameters may be deduced by matching the predicted with measured response. To facilitate practical design, in this paper, the input values of N g , α o , n and G s were deduced in light of measured response of 20 piles tested in sand. The result allows effect of pile types, installation action, and dry or submerged sand to be clarified. In addition, using analogy to pipeline-soil interaction, a new alternative expression described by the parameters k p , α o and n is proposed to construct the LFP. The use of the previous parameter N g and the new k p is discussed at length. Critical responses for typical deflection levels have also been provided. This back-analysis is elaborated via three typical cases.
Migration imaging and forward modeling of microseismic noise sources near southern Italy

This study combines migration and forward source modeling techniques to examine the existence and location of persistent seismic noise near southern Italy. Our results demonstrate that noise source modeling is both feasible and recommended in validating the “ambient source” assumption prior to noise‐based velocity analyses. Persistent noise sources near the Gargano promontory and the Tyrrhenian Sea coast are strongly suggested by the observed cross‐correlations. The presence of a single point source or a cluster of point sources could both produce coherent Rayleigh wave energy in southern Italy. While the nature of the noise sources is still uncertain, baroclinic estimates and dynamic topography models favor an explanation that encompasses atmosphere‐ocean coupling and heightened wave interaction off the Adriatic coast. Our records indicate that these noise sources can maintain their average location for up to 7 months despite seasonal and, possibly, daily variations.
Simulation of the intraseasonal and the interannual variability of rainfall over West Africa with RegCM3 during the monsoon period

Intraseasonal and interannual variability of rainfall is simulated using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Regional Climate Model (RegCM3) over West Africa. The intraseasonal variability of rainfall showing three distinct phases and the monsoon jump is well reproduced in the simulation. In addition, the regional model shows that while the monsoon rainbelt moves to the Sahel, the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) undergoes a northward migration and a weakening from June to August, when the core is at its northernmost location. This coexists with the appearance and the strengthening of the Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ), the development and increased activity of the African Easterly Waves (AEWs), and the intensification and northward shift of the ascent between the AEJ and the TEJ core levels and axis. Similarly, the simulated interannual variability of rainfall over West Africa, the Guinea region, and the Sahel, as well as the variability of atmospheric features during contrasting wet and dry years, is also well captured. In fact, in the simulation during dry years the AEWs activity is decreased while the AEJ is strengthened and migrates southward, the TEJ becomes weaker, and the ascent between the levels of the AEJ and the TEJ decreases. The simulated rainfall variability and the behavior of the related features during the rainy season and during contrasting wet and dry years are in line with previous studies that used observations and reanalysis. We conclude that this model performance is of sufficient quality for application to the study of climate processes and mechanisms over West Africa. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Human Impacts on a Small Island Ecosystem: Lessons from the Lucayans of San Salvador, Bahamas for This Island Earth

The issues of prehistoric impact on the environment, resource overexploitation, and overfishing have emerged as major themes over the last few decades as scholars have come to realize that indigenous peoples, even those living at relatively simple levels of technology, such as land-based hunter-gatherers and “maritime hunter-gatherers” (Yesner, 1980), appear to have had the capability of significantly altering their local and regional environments by reducing biodiversity through customary subsistence practices such as horticulture, hunting, shellfish collecting, and fishing (Keegan, Portell, & Slapcinsky, 2003; Krech, 1999; Newsom & Wing, 2004; Redman, 1999; Wing, 1989, 2001; Wing & Wing 2001). Modern zooarchaeological techniques and accompanying statistical analyses are allowing us to address these important themes by providing quantitative measures of prehistoric human-environmental interaction, but zooarchaeological data must be multivariate (and demonstrate consistent trends), and must be understood within the broader context of human social behavior, modes of prehistoric subsistence, and human adaptation to ancient environments. Multifaceted evidence from numerous zooarchaeological studies across the Greater Caribbean illustrates that the Taino and related cultures of the Antilles, including the Lucayans of the Bahamas, indeed had significant, wide-reaching, and profound impacts on the terrestrial, intertidal, and marine environments of the Greater and Lesser Antilles and the Bahamian Archipelago (Blick, 2006; Blick & Murphy, 2005; Carlson, 1999; Carlson & Keegan, 2004; Keegan, Portell, & Slapcinsky, 2003; Newsom & Wing, 2004; Steadman & Stokes, 2002; Wing, 2001; Wing, deFrance, & Kozuch, 2002; Wing & Wing, 2001). In fact, prehistoric impact on the environment appears to be one of the main emerging themes of island and coastal archaeology, particularly in the Caribbean, of the last three decades or so (Erlandson & Fitzpatrick, 2006; Newsom & Wing, 2004; Wing, 1989; Wing & Reitz, 1982; Wing & Scudder, 1983).
The supposed thrust fault in the Dyle-Thyle outcrop area (southern Brabant Massif, Belgium) re-interpreted as a folded low-angle extensional detachment

Since 1943 the anomalous contact in the Dyle-Thyle area between the Lower Cambrian Tubize Formation and older deposits, on the one hand, and the Upper Cambrian Mousty Formation and younger deposits, on the other hand, has been interpreted as a gently N-dipping, large-displacement thrust, the Orne-Noirmont-Baudecet thrust. The irregular fault trace and the presence of a supposed klippe at Court-St.-Etienne are both ascribed to the very gentle fault dip. However, a review of outcrop, borehole and geophysical data shows that there are no convincing arguments for such a gently N-dipping thrust. An alternative model is proposed in which the Orne-Noirmont-Baudecet fault is considered a pre-cleavage and pre-folding low-angle extensional detachment, similar to the Asquempont fault sensu Debacker in the Senne-Sennette area. The irregular subcrop trace of the Orne-Noirmont-Baudecet fault is attributed to the strongly variable fold orientations, associated with a transition zone between steeply plunging and gently plunging folds, similar to what has recently been described in the Senne-Sennette area. Although also this model remains speculative, it is the only model which successfully combines all the data from the Dyle-Thyle area and which is compatible also with the structural architecture of other outcrop and subcrop areas of the Brabant Massif.
Gathering Hopewell : society, ritual, and ritual interaction

General Introduction. - The Gathering of Hopewell. - Historical Insight into the Directions and Limitations of Recent Research on Hopewell. - Social and Political Organizations of Northern Hopewellian Peoples. - Salient Issues in the Social and Political Organizations of Northern Hopewellian Peoples. - Community Organizations in the Scioto, Mann, and Havana Hopewellian Regions. - The Nature of Leadership in Ohio Hopewellian Societies. - The Question of Ranking in Havana Hopewellian Societies. - The Tripartite Ceremonial Alliance among Scioto Hopewellian Communities and the Question of Social Ranking. - Animal-Totemic Clans of Ohio Hopewellian Peoples. - Gender, Status, and Ethnicity in the Scioto, Miami, and Northeastern Ohio Hopewellian Regions, as Evidenced by Mortuary Practices. - Gender and Social Differentiation within the Turner Population, Ohio, as Evidenced by Activity-Induced Musculoskeletal Stress Markers. - Gender, Role, Prestige, and Ritual Interaction across the Ohio, Mann, and Havana Hopewellian Regions, as Evidenced by Ceramic Figurines. - Ritual Gatherings of Northern Hopewellian Peoples. - Scioto Hopewell Ritual Gatherings. - Estimating the Sizes and Social Compositions of Mortuary-Related Gatherings at Scioto Hopewell Earthwork-Mound Sites. - Smoking Pipe Compositions and Styles as Evidence of the Social Affiliations of Mortuary Ritual Participants at the Tremper Site, Ohio. - Ceramic Vessel Compositions and Styles as Evidence of the Local and Nonlocal Social Affiliations of Ritual Participants at the Mann Site, Indiana. - Hopewellian Ritual Connections across Eastern North America. - Rethinking Interregional Hopewellian "Interaction". - Hopewellian Copper Celts from Eastern North America. - Hopewellian Panpipes from Eastern North America. - Hopewellian Copper Earspools from Eastern North America. - Hopewellian Silver and Silver Artifacts from Eastern North America.
Sulfur solubility and magmatic sulfides in submarine basalt glass

A suite of 35 fresh basalt glasses collected in >1000-m water depth from 16 localities on or near the Juan de Fuca Ridge and 17 localities elsewhere in the Atlantic and Pacific basins were examined petrographically and with the microprobe. Most are ridge-type tholeiites, but they span the entire range from quartz to nepheline normative varieties. Every sample contains magmatic sulfide. These are globules which occur in clear glass and are composed of finely intergrown pyrrhotite, Cu-Fe sulfide, and frequently pentlandite. Magnetite can be observed in some of the more coarsely intergrown globules. Bulk sulfide compositions generally include >10% Cu + Ni. Petrographie and chemical data suggest that some basalts erupted in a sulfide-saturated state, and the remainder were nearly saturated prior to their being quenched. Glass inclusions in phenocrysts either have compositions similar to matrix glass or are relatively depleted in elements entering host phenocrysts. In either case, their S concentrations are generally similar to or greater than S concentrations of matrix glasses. This and the usually pristine character of fresh basalts with respect to other volatile and trace elements suggest that S in glasses is predominantly juvenile. Concentrations of S dissolved in glass range from 1000 to 1800 ppm and exhibit a nearly perfect linear covariance with Fe concentrations. Because all the glasses contain sulfides this relationship implies that the Fe concentration in the melt controls gas composition with respect to oxygen and sulfur species. However, the moderate range in Fe concentration of the submarine basalts of this study corresponds to a range in ƒs2 and ƒo2 of only about half an order of magnitude each. That is, they all existed under essentially similar ƒs2 and ƒo2 at equivalent temperatures. Fractional crystallization of olivine should cause sulfide liquids to exsolve from the magma, whereas plagioclase fractionation should drive the liquid further from sulfide saturation. However, in more typical fractionation models involving plagioclase and olivine separation in a ratio of ∼10:3, liquid compositions are driven approximately parallel to a sulfide saturation plane if constant temperature is assumed. Thus fractional crystallization need not involve separation of large quantities of sulfide. Many of the most juvenile unfractionated submarine basaltic magmas are probably sulfide saturated and contain ∼900 ppm S.
DINOFLAGELLATE CYSTS FROM THE MIDDLE EOCENE TO ?LOWERMOST OLIGOCENE SUCCESSION IN THE KYSING RESEARCH BOREHOLE, CENTRAL DANISH BASIN

Abstract Rich and well-preserved assemblages of organic walled dinoflagellate cysts in 50 samples from a 154 m thick and almost complete, Middle Eocene to ? lowermost Oligocene section from the Kysing Research Borehole in eastern Jylland, Denmark are systematically described. One genus Costacysta gen. nov., and twelve species Chiropteridium eocaenicum sp. nov., Costacysta bucina gen. et sp. nov., Distatodinium pilosum sp. nov., Echinidinium? lucidum sp. nov., Hapsocysta kysingensis sp. nov., Horologinella? pentagonalis sp. nov., Operculodinium eisenackii sp. nov., Phthanoperidinium cornutum sp. nov., Selenopemphix septum sp. nov., Svalbardella partimtabulata sp. nov., Thalassiphora gracilis sp. nov. and Thalassiphora microperforata sp. nov. are formally described. The genus Hapsocysta is emended, and is considered to be a senior synonym of Piccoladinium. The gradual change of the dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in this section demonstrates that sedimentation was almost continuous during the time span of ca. 12 Ma. The biostratigraphic resolution based on dinoflagellate cyst events is generally finer than the calcareous nannofossil NP biozonation. A comparison with published dinoflagellate cyst data from the Norwegian–Greenland Sea shows that several important events are mainly synchronous throughout the region, suggesting a general similarity of the water masses. An isolated occurrence of Svalbardella suggests a short cooling event during early Bartonian times. The palynofacies in most of the section is almost purely of pelagic type. A more proximal, mid shelf palynofacies and a distinctive episode of reworking coincide with the Upper Eocene Moesgaard Clay and indicate a brief, but rather large sea level fall during the deposition of this unit. The Eocene/Oligocene boundary is tentatively identified near the base of the Viborg Formation, and approximately coincides with increased reworking of dinoflagellate cysts and a strong increase in bisaccate pollen, indicating more proximal conditions and possibly also a climatic cooling.
Rheology of concentrated granular suspensions and possible implications for debris flow modeling

Granular suspensions are of major relevance for many geophysical flows. We investigated the rheological behavior of three samples taken from a debris flow deposit at varying solid concentration (from 38.0 to 54.2% by volume) and grain size distribution. Experiments were performed first on the fraction finer than 0.075 mm and then on suspensions with fine sand (up to 0.425 mm in size and percentages varying from 10 to 50%). A vane apparatus connected to a rotational rheometer was used, and experiments showed a reproducibility within ±12%. Results were processed by the Tikhonov regularization method in order to convert the shear stress (τ) versus rotation velocity (ω) curves to shear stress (τ) versus shear rate () flow curves. At shear rates lower than 3–5 s−1, shear stress is rate‐independent. At higher shear rates, the shear stress increases depending on the maximum grain particles included within the suspension. We used the Herschel‐Bulkley and Bingham models to describe the monotonous increase of the flow curves. Varying the grain size distribution of the samples, the power and consistency indexes range within 0.75–1.35 and 0.44–40.8 Pa s−n, where n is the exponent of ; the viscosity coefficient varies from 1.0 to 47.2 Pa s; and the shear stress varies from 28 to 1959 Pa. For materials mainly composed of silt and clay with a variable sand content, (1) an increase in the particle size changes the rheological behavior from shear thinning to shear thickening, and (2) the percentage of sand affects both the frictional character of the flow and the magnitude of the rheological parameters.
Particle bioturbation in Massachusetts Bay: preliminary results using a new deliberate tracer technique

To better understand temporal and particle size-dependent bioturbation processes, we conducted a study of sediment mixing in Massachusetts Bay using a newly developed deliberate tracer technique. Sediments from a 32-m, fine-grained site were collected and the 38-62 («silt») and 63-125 («sand») μm fractions isolated. These particle-size fractions were labeled with two different noble metals (Au: silt & Ag: sand) using a thermal diffusion technique. Mixtures of the tracers were spread onto the seafloor in April and July 1992 by divers and were tube-cored (3 replicates) ∼ 80 d later in each case. Vertical profiles of the tracers were measured at μg/g (Ag) and ng/g (Au) levels by instrumental neutron activation analysis
IMPORTANCE OF VEGETATION STUDIES IN CONSERVATION OF WILDLIFE: A CASE STUDY IN MIANKALEH WILDLIFE REFUGE, MAZANDARAN PROVINCE, IRAN

Study of floristic composition of vegetation is crucial for biodiversity and conservation management by providing habitats for wildlife and contributing to the ecologically sustainable management of natural resources. Miankaleh peninsula considered of high conservation value owing to its floral and faunal characteristics. A study was carried out in Miankaleh, in 2002, to determine floristic composition and available vegetation types carrying a central importance in foods and shelter habits of the wildlife. Therefore, the total 70 quadrats of the size 100 and 25 sq.m. , based on defining minimal area, were located in the area and each predefined homogenous unit was received 10 quadrats. Plant species and their abundance and dominance were recorded. Seven vegetation types viz. Plantago indica-Carex nutanse, Pure Punica, Punica-Rubus, Punica-Juncus, Juncus- Rubus, Pure Juncus and Frankenia hirsuta-Plantago coronopus were recognized in the area. Vegetation profile of each type was also depicted. In Plantago indica-Carex nutanse (Psamophyte) vegetation type, a strip planted by alder species (Alnus subcordata) could supports as a nest for Falco subbuteo. Pure Punica (Pomegranate) vegetation type that occupied most of the central part of the peninsula has been covered mostly by Punica granatum. It is a good habitat for black francolin cocks (Francolinus francolinus), Isabel shrike (Lanius isabellinus), robins (Erithacus rubecula), Phasianus colchicus, Otis tarda, Chlamydotis undulate, Coturnix coturnix and Scolopax rusticola. Some plant species are important elements of the food chain in Miankaleh.
DC power bus noise isolation with power islands

Segmented power planes are often used for DC power bus noise isolation in multi-layered printed circuit board (PCB) designs. To achieve a desirable noise isolation, different power plane segmentations can be used. A suitable modeling approach, as well as measurements, were employed to study the power bus isolation with several power plane segmentation configurations. The studied geometries included power island designs connected with a conducting bridge, a ferrite bead, and a /spl pi/-filter. In addition, different conducting bridge widths and power island gap widths were analyzed, and compared. The modeled and measured results show that power plane segmentations with proper designs can result in significant power bus noise isolation.
Pottery making tradition among the Prajapati community of Gujarat, India

The making of pottery is an important event of prehistoric past and marked the beginning of Neolithic revolution in human society. Its impact had largely revolutionized the colonization of human groups and found a new way of cultural tradition. Few of the traditional communities in the world still maintain this tradition as their occupation. Here we offer a description of the pottery making tradition of the local “Prajapati” community of Central Gujarat and the techniques utilise by them in their day to day life. They inherited the technology of pottery making from their forefathers. The method of procuring the raw materials, processing of the same and ultimately ending up with a final product take large of their energy that has been depicted here with vivid description.
Classical-neural and quantum-holographic informatics: Psychosomatic-cognitive implications

Modeling of psychosomatic-cognitive functions is considered, in the framework of combined hierarchical brainpsilas and bodypsilas acupuncture neural networks. It is pointed out that presented models of brainpsilas hierarchical neural networks demonstrate encourageing advances in modeling cognitive functions. However, for modeling most cognitive and psychosomatic functions, the subtle biophysical quantum-holographic microwave Hopfield bodypsilas acupuncture neural networks are also necessary. On the one hand, they demonstrate existance of two cognitive modes of consciousness, and on the other hand, they represent natural framework for explaining contemporary meridian (psycho)therapies for very fast removing of psychosomatic disorders, demonstrating close relationship between acupuncture system and consciousness - with significant psychosomatic and transpersonal implications.
Hydrology of tropical montane cloud forests: A Reassessment

Extending an earlier review of the literature (Bruijnzeel and Proctor, 1995), this paper incorporates the results obtained by post-1993 hydrological and hydrometeorological studies in tropical montane cloud forests (TMCF) situated mostly in Latin America and the Caribbean. Based on the presently available information on the hydrological functioning of TMCF, the most pressing gaps in our understanding are highlighted and suggestions offered as to where and how these could be addressed.
Effects of Korean littoral environment on acoustic propagation

Environmental acoustics experiments were recently conducted in shallow to intermediate water depths in the Sea of Japan, east of Korea, along the shelf and slope, covering frequencies from 25 to 800 Hz. These were operational experiments carried out in three different seasons. The primary objectives of the data reported here are: (1) to characterize the Korean coastal environment during May 1998, September 1998, and February 1999 and (2) to assess how complexities of the environment might impact acoustic propagation in May and February, as measured by its transmission loss. Propagation data were obtained from broadband explosive SUS sources and sonobuoy receivers. The tests were conducted over varying bottom depths and slopes, both approximately normal and parallel to the bathymetric contours. Two different source depths were included. Environmental and acoustic data are reviewed and discussed. While many aspects of the observed propagation remain ill understood, on the whole a consistent and useful picture has emerged of acoustic propagation in this region. Environmental impacts on propagation are associated mainly with bottom properties, somewhat less so with source depth in relationship to sound speed profiles, and almost not at all with range-dependent profiles of a water mass front.