Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OF PARAMETERS AND STRATEGIES USED BY PHYSICAL THERAPISTS IN DIFFICULT MECHANICAL VENTILATION WEANING

Objective: To characterize the main strategies and parameters used by physical therapists in difficult mechanical ventilation weaning. Methods: Cross-sectional study including all the physical therapists working in adult Intensive Care Units in three public hospitals in Fortaleza-CE. A questionnaire with closed questions related to difficult mechanical ventilation weaning was applied, with either one or multiple answers. The data was treated with descriptive and non-parametric analysis. Results: Among the parameters mostly used by the 56 interviewed physical therapists for the difficult weaning, were found: current volume reduction (26 - 46.4%) and desaturation during aspiration (17 - 30.4%). It was observed that 38 (67.9%) alternate T-tube and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as strategies for difficult weaning, and 28 (50%) reported reducing the pressure support. There was no statistical difference between the strategies used in the studied hospitals, neither correlation between strategies and parameters. Conclusion: It was found that physical therapists have been performing similar strategies, which are also shown in the literature, but this is not the case with the parameters. The parameters used are not supported by the literature. a los parámetros. Los parámetros adoptados no confirman los descritos por los estudios científicos. Descriptores:
A complete guide to the laws of the universe

A substance in a particulate form, e.g. a polyacrylamide flocculant powder, is rapidly dissolved in a liquid, e.g. water by feeding the powder down a circular bore in a casing while the water is fed tangentially and swirled in two chambers in the casing and around the circular bore to emerge in the bore, as oppositely swirling, inwardly converging streams in the path of the powder. The diverging portion of the first stream intersects the converging portion of the second stream, which goes out of the bore with the powder dissolved therein.
APSUNY Process Design Kit (PDKv3.0): O, C and L Band Silicon Photonics Component Libraries on 300mm Wafers

An updated process design kit (APSUNY PDKv3.0) is introduced with verified passive and active O+C+L band silicon photonics component libraries, which includes 50Gbaud (100Gbps) capable modulators, high yield splitters and detectors on 300mm SOI wafers.
University of Birmingham Biomechanical assessment of bicuspid aortic valve phenotypes

27 Purpose: Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a congenital heart malformation with 28 phenotypic heterogeneity. There is no prior computational study that assesses the 29 haemodynamic and valve mechanics associated with BAV type 2 against a healthy 30 tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) and other BAV categories. 31 Methods: A proof-of-concept study incorporating three-dimensional fluid- 32 structure interaction (FSI) models with idealised geometries (one TAV and six 33 BAVs, namely type 0 with lateral and anterior-posterior orientations, type 1 with 34 R-L, N-R and N-L leaflet fusion and type 2) has been developed. Transient 35 physiological boundary conditions have been applied and simulations were run 36 using an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation. 37 Results: Our results showed the presence of abnormal haemodynamics in the aorta 38 and abnormal valve mechanics: type 0 BAVs yielded the best haemodynamical 39 and mechanical outcomes, but cusp stress distribution varied with valve orifice 40 orientation, which can be linked to different cusp calcification location onset; type 41 1 BAVs gave rise to similar haemodynamics and valve mechanics, regardless of 42 raphe position, but this position altered the location of abnormal haemodynamic 43 features; finally, type 2 BAV constricted the majority of blood flow, exhibiting the 44 most damaging haemodynamic and mechanical repercussions when compared to 45 other BAV phenotypes. 46 Conclusion: The findings of this proof-of-concept work suggest that there are 47 specific differences across haemodynamics and valve mechanics associated with 48 BAV phenotypes, which may be critical to subsequent processes associated with 49 their pathophysiology processes. 50
Advances on high current load effects on lead-free solder joints of SMD chip-size components and BGAs

Purpose This paper aims to present a novel approach on investigating critical current densities in the solder joints of chip-size surface-mounted components or device (SMD) components and ball grid array (BGA) lead-free solder joints with the focus of via-in-pad geometries. The investigation involves a numerical approach and a physical validation with selected geometry configurations and high current loads to reveal possible failure sources. The work is a continuation of a previous study. Design/methodology/approach Current density was investigated using finite element modeling on BGA joints. Dummy BGA components, 0402 and 0603 zero ohm jumper resistors, were used, both in daisy chain setups on standard FR4 printed circuit boards (PCBs). Respective physical loading experiments were set to find effects of elevated current density at hot zones of the joints. Cross-section analysis, scanning electron microscopy and shear force tests were used to analyze the joints. Findings The findings reveal alterations in the joints, while the current loading is not directly affecting the structure. The modeling reveals the current density map in the selected formations with increased current crowding zones. Overall, the degradation does not reach the level of electromigration (EM)-induced voiding due to the limiting factor of the FR4 substrate. Practical implications The heavy current load affects joint reliability, but there are limitations of EM-induced failures on PCB-based assemblies due to the thermomechanical weakness of the FR4 material. Originality/value The experiments investigate current density from a novel aspect on frequently used BGA surface mounted components with modeling configurations focusing on possible effects of via-in-pad structure.
TRAUMATIC BASAL GANGLIA HAEMORRHAGE

Traumatic Basal Ganglia Haemorrhage (TBGH) is a relatively rare lesion seen in traffic accidents. Traumatic Basal Ganglia Haemorrhage is probably secondary to shifting of the brain as a result of acceleration or deceleration forces. The purpose of the study was to asses outcome of TBGH cases managed conservatively among head injury patients at our hospital and compare with other studies. We studied 16 patients with TBGH diagnosed on Plain CT Scan done on admission between Jan 2000 to Dec 2002. All patients were treated conservatively. We evaluated outcome in these patients. Consciousness became clear in all patients. Expressive and nonfluent aphasia occurred in 6 patients, weakness of opposite side was observed on 10 patients. Good recovery was seen in 11 patients and 4 had moderate disability. In TBGH a good outcome was observed.
Paradoxical Effect of QX-314 on Persistent Inward Currents and Bistable Behavior in Spinal Motoneurons In Vivo

Paradoxical effect of QX-314 on persistent inward currents and bistable behavior in spinal motoneurons in vivo. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 2518–2527, 1999. Spinal motoneu- rons can exhibit bistable behavior, which consists of stable self-sustained ﬁring that is initiated by a brief excitatory input and terminated by brief inhibitory input. This bistable behavior is generated by a persistent inward current ( I PIC ). In cat motoneurons with low input conductances and slow axonal conduction velocities, I PIC exhibits little decay with time and thus self-sustained ﬁring is long- lasting. In contrast, in cells that have high input conductances and fast conduction velocities, I PIC decays with time, and these cells cannot maintain long duration self-sustained ﬁring. An alternative way to measure bistable behavior is to assess plateau potentials after the action potential has been blocked by intracellular injection of QX-314 to block sodium (Na (cid:49) ) currents. However, QX-314 also blocks calcium (Ca 2 (cid:49) ) currents and, because I PIC may be generated by a mixture of Ca 2 (cid:49) and Na (cid:49) currents, a reduction in amplitude of I PIC was expected. We therefore systematically compared the properties of I PIC in a sample of cells recorded with QX-314 to a control sample of cells without QX-314, which was obtained in a previous study. Single- electrode voltage-clamp techniques were applied in spinal motoneurons in the decerebrate cat preparation following administration of a standardized dose of the noradrenergic (cid:97) 1 agonist methoxamine. In the sample with QX-314, the average value of I PIC was only about half that in the control sample. However, the reduction of I PIC was much greater in cells with slow as compared with fast conduction velocities. Because a substantial portion of I PIC originates in dendritic regions and because conduction velocity covaries with the extent of the dendritic tree, this result suggests that QX-314 may fail to diffuse very far into the dendrites of the largest motoneurons. The analysis of the decay of I PIC and plateau potentials in cells with QX-314 also pro- duced an unexpected result: QX-314 virtually eliminated time-depen-dent decay in both I PIC and plateau potentials. Consequently, I PIC became equally persistent in high and low input conductance cells. Therefore the decay in I PIC in high input conductance cells in the absence of QX-314 is not due to an intrinsic tendency of the underlying inward current to decay. Instead it is possible that the decay may result from activation of a slow outward current. Overall, these results show that QX-314 has a profound effect on I PIC and thus plateau potentials obtained using QX-314 do not accurately reﬂect the properties of I PIC in normal cells without QX-314.
PASSIVE DISTRACTION: A TECHNIQUE TO MAINTAIN CHILDREN’S BEHAVIOR UNDERGOING DENTAL TREATMENT

: Aim: Dental anxiety is one of the most common problems among children which causes hurdle in delivering quality treatment by the dentist. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of passive distraction technique on children’s behavior during dental treatment. Material and methods: A total number of 100 children of the age group 4-10 years were selected and randomly divided into 2 equal groups. Group I was the control group on whom the treatment was performed under normal dental setup and group II was the passive distraction group where audiovisual presentation through Visual Reality Glasses 3D Box was shown during the entire treatment. Each patient was scheduled for three dental visits. Pre and post-operative response to dental stress was assessed using the Facial Image Scale for dental anxiety. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 18 (Chicago, USA) and p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Result: Maximum number of children (29%) belonged to the age group of 6-7 years age. The mean values for SBP obtained during the prophylaxis visit in group II was higher as compared to the control group. The SBP during the application of local anesthetic in group II was significantly higher than the control group children (p<0.05). There were differences in the SBP, DBP and PR in both the groups but they were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The results of the study suggested that passive distraction using cartoon clips and visual reality films made children not only less anxious as compared to the control group but they also showed more cooperative response during the invasive dental procedures.
Regulation of matrix metallopeptidase-9 by epigenetic modifications, and the development of diabetic retinopathy modifications of in

: Diabetes activates retinal matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9), and MMP-9 damages the mitochondria and augments capillary cell apoptosis. Our aim is to elucidate the mechanism responsible for MMP-9 activation. Histone modifications and recruitment of the transcriptional factor NF- k B (p65 subunit) at MMP-9 promoter and the activity of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) were measured in the retina from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The role of LSD1 in MMP-9 activation was investigated in isolated retinal endothelial cells transfected with LSD1 siRNA. The results were confirmed in the retina from human donors with diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes decreased histone H3 dimethyl lysine 9 (H3K9me2) and increased acetyl H3K9 (Ac-H3K9) and p65 at retinal MMP-9 promoter. LSD1 enzyme activity and its transcripts were elevated. LSD1 -siRNA ameliorated glucose-induced decrease in H3K9me2 and increase in p65 at MMP-9 promoter , and prevented MMP-9 activation, mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis. Human donors with diabetic retinopathy had similar epigenetic changes at MMP-9 promoter. Thus, activated LSD1 hypomethylates H3K9 at MMP-9 promoter and this frees up that lysine 9 for acetylation. Increased Ac-H3K9 facilitates the recruitment of p65 resulting in MMP-9 activation and mitochondria damage. Thus, the regulation of LSD1 by molecular or pharmacological means have potential to retard the development of diabetic retinopathy. distribution. P< was considered statistically significant. ROS levels accelerated cell apoptosis.
Young children's exible use of semantic cues to word meanings: converging evidence of individual and age differences

A new test of children’s ﬂexible use of semantic cues for word learning extended previous results. In Experiment 1, three- to ﬁve-year-olds ( N = 51) completed two tests of interpreting several novel words for the same stimulus arrays. Within-sentence phrasal cues implied diﬀerent stimulus referent properties. Children’s cue-using ﬂexibility in the new Flexible Induction of Meanings [Words for Animates] test (FIM-An) was strongly correlated with an established test ( Flexible Induction of Meanings [Words for Objects] ; Dea´k, 2000). Individual children showed between-test consistency in using cues to ﬂexibly assign words to diﬀerent referent properties. There were large individual diﬀerences, as well as limited age diﬀerences, in the distribution of ﬂexible and inﬂexible response patterns. The comprehensibility of speciﬁc cues, and perceptual salience of speciﬁc properties, explained much of the variance. Proportions of ﬂexible and inﬂexible patterns shifted with age. Experiment 2 replicated these results in N = 36 three-and four-year-olds, using a modiﬁed FIM-An with more distinctive cues.
1 Director skill sets *

Directors are not one-dimensional. We characterize their skill sets by exploiting Regulation SK’s 2009 requirement that U.S. firms must disclose the experience, qualifications, attributes, or skills that led the nominating committee to choose an individual as a director. We then examine how skills cluster on and across boards. Factor analysis indicates that the main dimension along which boards vary is in the diversity of skills of their directors. We find that firm performance increases when director skill sets exhibit more commonality. JEL classification: G34
Title: Association between iron deficiency and febrile seizure? A case control study in Tehran, Iran

Objective: Febrile convulsion (FC) is the most common form of seizures disorder (3-4%) in childhood with good prognosis. Some evidences indicate that iron deficiency (ID) might play a role in initiation of FC. The aim of this case ‐ control study was to evaluate, the role for ID in pathogenesis of FC (febrile convulsion). We studied 35 FC children and 35 controls (febrile diseases without convulsion) discriminate 2 groups. In our opinion, ID could not lead to FC in all children, but in some cases with genetic basis; ID raises the threshold for seizures. Due to high prevalence of ID (26%) especially in your Iranian population, adding the Iron to diet might be helpful in decreasing FC in susceptible cases.
CCL11 Inflammatory + CCR2 highExperimental Colitis Is Mediated by Ly6C Colonic Eosinophilic Inflammation in

Recent genome-wide association studies of pediatric inﬂammatory bowel disease have implicated the 17q12 loci, which contains the eosinophil-speciﬁc chemokine gene CCL11 , with early-onset inﬂammatory bowel disease susceptibility. In the current study, we employed a murine model of experimental colitis to deﬁne the molecular pathways that regulate CCL11 expression in the chronic intestinal inﬂammation and pathophysiology of experimental colitis. Bone marrow chimera experiments showed that hematopoietic cell-derived CCL11 is sufﬁcient for CCL11-mediated colonic eosinophilic inﬂammation. We show that dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment promotes the recruitment of F4/80 + CD11b + CCR2 + Ly6C high inﬂammatory monocytes into the colon. F4/80 + CD11b + CCR2 + Ly6C high monocytes express CCL11, and their recruitment positively correlated with colonic eosinophilic inﬂammation. Phenotypic analysis of puriﬁed Ly6C high intestinal inﬂammatory macrophages revealed that these cells express both M1-and M2-associated genes, including Il6 , Ccl4 , Cxcl2 , Arg1 , Chi3l3 , Ccl11 , and Il10 , respectively. Attenuation of DSS-induced F4/80 + CD11b + CCR2 + Ly6C high monocyte recruitment to the colon in CCR2 2 / 2 mice was associated with decreased colonic CCL11 expression, eosinophilic inﬂammation, and DSS-induced histopathology. These studies identify a mechanism for DSS-induced colonic we employed a model features a CCL11-dependent eosinophilic to decipher the molecular regulation of CCL11 in experimental colitis. Performing bone marrow (BM) chimera experiments, we show that hematopoietic cell-derived CCL11 is required for DSS-induced colonic eosinophilic inﬂammation. We show that DSS exposure promotes the recruitment of F4/80 + CD11b + CCR2 + Ly6C high inﬂammatory monocytes to the colon and that F4/80 + CD11b + CCR2 + Ly6C high colonic monocytes/macrophages (M F s) positively correlate with colonic eosinophilic inﬂammation. Ablation of DSS-induced F4/80 + CD11b + CCR2 + Ly6C high monocyte associated with decreased intestinal CCL11 expression, colonic eosinophilic inﬂammation, and DSS-induced histopathology. These studies demonstrate that inﬂammatory monocyte/ M F -derived CCL11 drives colonic eosinophilic inﬂammation in experimental colitis.
Short Small RNAs and heterosis in maize Variation and inheritance of small RNAs in maize inbreds and F 1 hybrids

41 Small RNAs (sRNAs) regulate gene expression, play important roles in epigenetic pathways, 42 and are hypothesised to contribute to hybrid vigor in plants. Prior investigations have provided 43 valuable insights into associations between sRNAs and heterosis, often using a single hybrid 44 genotype or tissue, but our understanding of the role of sRNAs and their potential value to plant 45 breeding are limited by an incomplete picture of sRNA variation between diverse genotypes and 46 development stages. Here, we provide a deep exploration of sRNA variation and inheritance 47 among a panel of 108 maize ( Zea mays ) samples spanning five tissues from eight inbred 48 parents and 12 hybrid genotypes, covering a spectrum of heterotic groups, genetic variation, 49 and levels of heterosis for various traits. We document substantial developmental and genotypic 50 influences on sRNA expression, with varying patterns for 21-nt, 22-nt and 24-nt sRNAs. We 51 provide a detailed view of the distribution of sRNAs in the maize genome, revealing a complex 52 make-up that also shows developmental plasticity, particularly for 22-nt sRNAs. sRNAs 53 exhibited substantially more variation between inbreds as compared to observed variation for 54 gene expression. In hybrids, we identify locus-specific examples of non-additive inheritance, 55 mostly characterised as partial or complete dominance, but rarely outside the parental range. 56 However, the global abundance of 21-nt, 22-nt and 24-nt sRNAs varies very little between 57 inbreds and hybrids, suggesting hybridization affects sRNA expression principally at specific loci 58 rather than on a global scale. This study provides a valuable resource for understanding the 59 potential role of sRNAs in hybrid vigor. 60 or a single tissue. In this study, we combine sRNA profiles of the high proportion of variation, this means there are many more variable sRNA loci than differentially-expressed genes. For a biomarker with high levels of variation, it is not surprising a subset of variation patterns would match variation for a measured trait. It is unclear this association was due to a causal relationship between sRNA abundance and yield heterosis or these observations are simply a reflection of the high level of variation. This study provides a detailed understanding of the genomic regions associated with sRNAs in maize. We confirm substantially different profiles of different size classes of sRNAs in distinct tissues of maize and find differences in the genomic regions that contribute these sRNAs in distinct tissues. Detailed comparisons of inbred and hybrid sRNA profiles helps to provide a detailed understanding of the potential roles of sRNAs in heterosis. We fail to find evidence for major shifts in sRNA abundance that would provide clear insights into the core mechanisms of heterosis. sites reveals widespread
Medical predictors for psychopathology in adults with operated congenital heart disease

Aims To test the predictive value of medical variables, covering the complete medical course from birth until the present, for long-term behavioural and emotional problems in adulthood, in patients operated for congenital heart disease in childhood. Methods and results This study concerns the second psychological and medical fol-low-up of a cohort of patients operated for congenital heart disease ( n =362; age 20–46 years). Behavioural and emotional problems were assessed with the Young Adult Self-Report and the Young Adult Behavior Checklist. Medical prediction variables were derived from medical examination and ﬁle search. Being female, having low exercise capacity and restrictions imposed by physicians are signiﬁcant predictors for behavioural and emotional problems as reported by patients themselves. Regarding the scar, personal experiences of patients form a better predictor for later problems than judgement of aesthetical aspects by physicians. Early hospitalisations with reoperations are predictive for behavioural and emotional problems as reported by other informants. The cardiac diagnoses of ventricular septal defect and transposition of the great arteries are associated with higher levels of behavioural and emotional problems. Conclusion Recent experiences concerning the scar, physical condition and imposed restrictions are the strongest predictors for behavioural and emotional problems as reported by patients themselves.