Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Repeated brittle reactivations of a pre-existing plastic shear zone: combined K–Ar and 40Ar–39Ar geochronology of the long-lived (>700 Ma) Himdalen–Ørje Deformation Zone, SE Norway

Abstract Brittle reactivation of plastic shear zones is frequently observed in geologically old terranes. To better understand such deformation zones, we have studied the >700 Ma long structural history of the Himdalen–Ørje Deformation Zone (HØDZ) in SE Norway by K–Ar and 40Ar–39Ar geochronology, and structural characterization. Several generations of mylonites make up the ductile part of HØDZ, the Ørje Shear Zone. A 40Ar–39Ar white mica plateau age of 908.6 ± 7.0 Ma constrains the timing of extensional reactivation of the Ørje mylonite. The mylonite is extensively reworked during brittle deformation events by the Himdalen Fault. 40Ar–39Ar plateau ages of 375.0 ± 22.7 Ma and 351.7 ± 4.4 Ma from pseudotachylite veins and K–Ar ages of authigenic illite in fault gouge at c. 380 Ma are interpreted to date initial brittle deformation, possibly associated with the Variscan orogeny. Major brittle deformation during the Early–Mid Permian Oslo Rift is documented by a 40Ar–39Ar pseudotachylite plateau age of 294.6 ± 5.2 Ma and a K–Ar fault gouge age of c. 270 Ma. The last datable faulting event is constrained by the finest size fraction in three separate gouges at c. 200 Ma. The study demonstrates that multiple geologically significant K–Ar ages can be constrained from fault gouges within the same fault core by combining careful field sampling, structural characterization, detailed mineralogy and illite crystallinity analysis. We suggest that initial localization of brittle strain along plastic shear zones is controlled by mechanical anisotropy of parallel-oriented, throughgoing phyllosilicate-rich foliation planes within the mylonitic fabric.
A comparison of algorithms for neuron-like cells

There are many different ways to connect neuron‐like cells into large scale learning networks. These different patterns of connections are called architectures. One problem in designing an architecture is deciding what types of neuron‐like cells to base it on. By examining the properties of learning networks that are independent of their architectures, this paper proposes that there is at least one type of cell which can be used in any reasonable architecture to give it nearly optimal performance. Cells of this type implement an algorithm called second order least mean square (2nd order LMS, for short).
Quantum master equations for entangled qubit environments

We study the Markovian dynamics of a collection of n quantum systems coupled to an irreversible environmental channel consisting of a stream of n entangled qubits. Within the framework of repeated quantum interactions, we derive the master equation that describes the dynamics of the composite quantum system. We investigate the evolution of the joint system for two-qubit environments and find that (1) the presence of antidiagonal coherences (in the local basis) in the environment is a necessary condition for entangling two remote systems, and (2) that maximally entangled two-qubit baths are an exceptional point without a unique steady state. For the general case of n-qubit environments we show that coherences in maximally entangled baths (when expressed in the local energy basis), do not affect the system evolution in the weak coupling regime
Robust and Clean Majorana Zero Mode in the Vortex Core of High-Temperature Superconductor 
(Li0.84Fe0.16)OHFeSe

The Majorana fermion, which is its own anti-particle and obeys non-abelian statistics, plays a critical role in topological quantum computing. It can be realized as a bound state at zero energy, called a Majorana zero mode (MZM), in the vortex core of a topological superconductor, or at the ends of a nanowire when both superconductivity and strong spin orbital coupling are present. A MZM can be detected as a zero-bias conductance peak (ZBCP) in tunneling spectroscopy. However, in practice, clean and robust MZMs have not been realized in the vortices of a superconductor, due to contamination from impurity states or other closely-packed Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon (CdGM) states, which hampers further manipulations of Majorana fermions. Here using scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we show that a ZBCP well separated from the other discrete CdGM states exists ubiquitously in the cores of free vortices in the defect free regions of (Li0.84Fe0.16)OHFeSe, which has a superconducting transition temperature of 42 K. Moreover, a Dirac-cone-type surface state is observed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and its topological nature is confirmed by band calculations. The observed ZBCP can be naturally attributed to a MZM arising from this chiral topological surface states of a bulk superconductor. (Li0.84Fe0.16)OHFeSe thus provides an ideal platform for studying MZMs and topological quantum computing.
Bias and high-order galaxy correlation functions in the APM galaxy survey

On large scales, the higher order moments of the mass distribution, S(sub J) = bar-zeta(sub J)/bar-zeta(sup J-1)(sub 2), e.g., the skewness S(sub 3) and kurtosis S(sub 4), can be predicted using nonlinear perturbation theory. Comparison of these predictions with moments of the observed galaxy distribution probes the bias between galaxies and mass. Applying this method to models with initially Gaussian fluctuations and power spectra P(k) similar to that of galaxies in the Automatic Plate Measuring (APM) survey, we find that the predicted higher order moments S(sub J)(R) are in good agreement with those directly inferred from the APM survey in the absence of bias. We use this result to place limits on the linear and nonlinear bias parameters. Models in which the extra power observed on large scales (with respect to the standard cold dark matter (CDM) model) is produced by scale-dependent bias match the APM higher order amplitudes only if nonlinear bias (rather than nonlinear gravity) generates the observed higher order moments. When normalized to Cosmic Background Explorer Differential Microwave Radiometer (COBE DMR), these models are siginificantly ruled out by the S(sub 3) observations. The cold plus hot dark matter model normalized to COBE can reproduce the APM higher order correlations if one introduces nonlinear bias terms, while the low-density CDM model with a cosmological constant does not require any bias to fit the large-scale amplitudes.
β-COP Regulates TWIK1/TREK1 Heterodimeric Channel-Mediated Passive Conductance in Astrocytes

Mature astrocytes are characterized by a K+ conductance (passive conductance) that changes with a constant slope with voltage, which is involved in K+ homeostasis in the brain. Recently, we reported that the tandem of pore domains in a weak inward rectifying K+ channel (TWIK1 or KCNK1) and TWIK-related K+ channel 1 (TREK1 or KCNK2) form heterodimeric channels that mediate passive conductance in astrocytes. However, little is known about the binding proteins that regulate the function of the TWIK1/TREK1 heterodimeric channels. Here, we found that β-coat protein (COP) regulated the surface expression and activity of the TWIK1/TREK1 heterodimeric channels in astrocytes. β-COP binds directly to TREK1 but not TWIK1 in a heterologous expression system. However, β-COP also interacts with the TWIK1/TREK1 heterodimeric channel in a TREK1 dependent manner and enhances the surface expression of the heterodimeric channel in astrocytes. Consequently, it regulates TWIK1/TREK1 heterodimeric channel-mediated passive conductance in astrocytes in the mouse brain. Taken together, these results suggest that β-COP is a potential regulator of astrocytic passive conductance in the brain.
Morphology of planetary nebulae

Not only can different nebulae have different forms but the same nebula can have different forms depending on the wavelength region in which it is observed. NGC 7293 (the Helix) is a case in point. The most familiar photographs of this object are those obtained by Baade and Minkowski in the 19501 s such as the one shown in Figure 1. This photograph was taken in red light and the image is due to combined Ha and [Nil] emission.
Examination of an Anecdotal “October Disappearance” of Northern Bobwhite in the Rolling Plains of Texas Through Demographic Data

Landowners and wildlife managers in the Rolling Plains ecological region of Texas, USA often report encountering northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus; hereafter, bobwhite) in summer but observe what they perceive as a decrease in quail by early to mid-fall. As most bobwhite research in the Rolling Plains is focused on either breeding season or overwinter survival and movement, researchers rarely record demographic data during this late summer and early fall period. We examined weekly survival probabilities of bobwhite (n = 244) across 7 sites in the western Rolling Plains Ecoregion from August to late November in 2016, 2017, 2019, and 2020. Bobwhites were captured and equipped with very high frequency (VHF) transmitters and tracked 1–5 times/week. We used Akaike’s Information Criterion adjusted for small sample sizes (AICc) to evaluate a suite of candidate models comparing survival among and between years and survival between individual weeks to determine whether an unreported population decrease occurred during the study years. Our comparison of weekly survival probabilities considered survival to be different if 95% confidence intervals did not overlap. Our best supported model held survival constant among years and allowed survival to vary week by week. All other models received little support (ΔAICc > 14.0). Examination of weekly survival probabilities failed to support a demographically driven hypothesis for decreased bobwhite observations from August to November. Though there was an observed decrease of weekly survival in the fourth week of September, it was not different than 16 of the 17 other weeks. We conclude that, for the years we measured, there was no support for a mass dieoff hypothesis. Factors outside survival (e.g., a change in bobwhite behavior) may be driving the difference in detectability between late summer and late fall in the Rolling Plains of Texas. Citation: Mehta, J. A. , R. A. White, J. B. Luft, and C. B. Dabbert. 2022. Examination of an anecdotal “October disappearance” of northern bobwhite in the Rolling Plains of Texas through demographic data. National Quail Symposium Proceedings 9:177– 183. https://doi.org/10.7290/nqsp09MN6T
Phytotoxicity Testing of Composts from Biodegradable Municipal Waste

The production of compost from biodegradable municipal waste is important not only for reducing the amount of landfilled waste. The compost produced with the right technology can replenish the missing organic matter in the soil and improve its properties. This paper deals with the evaluation of the phytotoxicity of composts from garden and kitchen biodegradable wastes. Their effect on plant germination and overall plant condition under laboratory conditions was investigated. The samples of compost from the industrial composting plant of the city of Nitra and compost from the electric composter GG02 were used for this test. The tested composts were mixed with the refer ence substrate in different concentrations and applied to two plant species – Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare). After 21 days, the number of germinated plants (i.e. germination rate), the length of the aerial part of the plants, the weight of fresh biomass and also its weight after drying were evaluated. The highest lettuce germination rate was obtained with 25% of the compost from the industrial composting plant. Barley achieved the best germination rate at up to 50% concentration of this compost. However, the highest biomass weight was obtained for the barley in the reference sample, i.e. without the addition of compost. In contrast, the application of compost from the industrial composting plant on lettuce, regardless of its concentration, had a clear stimulating effect, in all the parameters studied. The compost from the electric composter at concentrations of 25 and 50% had an inhibitory effect on all tested parameters of both plants.
Exploring interfacial exchange coupling and sublattice effect in heavy metal/ferrimagnetic insulator heterostructures using Hall measurements, x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, and neutron reflectometry

Author(s): Shao, Q; Grutter, A; Liu, Y; Yu, G; Yang, CY; Gilbert, DA; Arenholz, E; Shafer, P; Che, X; Tang, C; Aldosary, M; Navabi, A; He, QL; Kirby, BJ; Shi, J; Wang, KL | Abstract: © 2019 American Physical Society. We use temperature-dependent Hall measurements to identify contributions of spin Hall, magnetic proximity, and sublattice effects to the anomalous Hall signal in heavy metal/ferrimagnetic insulator heterostructures with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. This approach enables detection of both the magnetic proximity effect onset temperature and the magnetization compensation temperature and provides essential information regarding the interfacial exchange coupling. Onset of a magnetic proximity effect yields a local extremum in the temperature-dependent anomalous Hall signal, which occurs at higher temperature as magnetic insulator thickness increases. This magnetic proximity effect onset occurs at much higher temperature in Pt than W. The magnetization compensation point is identified by a sharp anomalous Hall sign change and divergent coercive field. We directly probe the magnetic proximity effect using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and polarized neutron reflectometry, which reveal an antiferromagnetic coupling between W and the magnetic insulator. Finally, we summarize the exchange-coupling configurations and the anomalous Hall-effect sign of the magnetized heavy metal in various heavy metal/magnetic insulator heterostructures.
On the Design and Analysis of Operator-Splitting Schemes

This thesis is concerned with the design and analysis of algorithms that solve nonsmooth convex optimization problems in (possibly infinite dimensional) Hilbert spaces. There are many algorithms available to solve such problems, but the methods detailed in this thesis are particularly well-suited for solving complicated problems that are built from many simpler pieces. There are a wealth of applications for which such structure is present, and this has driven the recent resurgence of interest in so-called Operator-Splitting methods; these splitting methods completely disentangle complex problem structure and give rise to algorithms that repeatedly solve a series of simpler subproblems sequentially or in parallel. These algorithms are easy to implement, they have low per-iteration cost, and in practice, they are observed to quickly converge to solutions of modest accuracy. These qualities make splitting methods attractive options for solving large-scale problems in machine learning and signal processing.Although splitting algorithms are known to converge, a general theoretical analysis of their convergence rates has remained elusive since their inception nearly in the 1950s. Furthermore, since 2000, no new splitting algorithms have been developed that do not reduce to one of three general methods (for solving general monotone inclusion problems). The purpose of this thesis is to address these theoretical challenges by deriving sharp convergence rates of existing splitting algorithms and developing a new splitting method that does not appear to reduce to any existing method. The analysis presented is particularly simple, and applies in many cases.
PENGEMBANGAN LAYANAN BIMBINGAN KLASIKAL BERBASIS MEDIA WEBSITE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN TANGGUNG JAWAB AKADEMIK SISWA

Tanggung jawab akademik merupakan sikap yang harus dimiliki oleh setiap siswa untuk dapat bertanggung jawab terhadap setiap perbuatan yang dilakukan dalam lingkungan akademik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media website dengan materi yang berisikan pengertian tanggung jawab akademik, indikator tanggung jawab akademik, faktor rendahnya tanggung jawab akademik, manfaat memiliki tanggung jawab akademik, serta cara meningkatkan tanggung jawab akademik. Dalam penelitian ini penggunaan media website dianggap efektif karena dapat memberikan kemudahan bagi pengguan sistem, yang dapat diakses kapanpun dan dimanapun, serta dapat memberikan kepuasan bagi pengguna. Penelitian ini menggunakan model Research and Development dengan mengadopsi metode Borg and Gall sampai pada tahap ke lima, yaitu mencari potensi dan masalah, mengumpulkan informasi, mengembangkan desain media, menguji validitas desain, dan perbaikan desain. Hasil uji validitas ahli menunjukkan pengembangan model ini dalam kategori yang layak pakai. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka media berbasis website dapat dikatakan layak untuk digunakan.
An improved OSIRIS NO2 profile retrieval in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere and intercomparison with ACE-FTS and SAGE III/ISS

Abstract. The v7.2 NO2 retrieval for the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System (OSIRIS) was designed to improve sensitivity in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS) and to reduce an observed low bias in the previous version, v6.0. The details of this retrieval are described and then the data are compared to coincident NO2 profiles from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment–Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III on the International Space Station (SAGE III/ISS). The PRATMO photochemical box model was used to account for differences in the measurement times of the instruments: all datasets were scaled to the same local solar time of 12:00 LST. Coincident ACE-FTS and OSIRIS NO2 measurements agree within 20 % throughout much of the stratosphere. Coincident SAGE III/ISS and OSIRIS NO2 measurements also agree within 20 %, with OSIRIS biased low at all altitudes and latitudes. The ACE-FTS, OSIRIS, and SAGE III-ISS NO2 monthly zonal mean data show very similar variability in time at most altitude and latitudes.
Effects of the salbutamol bronchodilator response on measurements of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in children with asthma: a prospective, observational study

Background Salbutamol bronchodilator response (BDR) test and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) have been recommended for the diagnosis of asthma in children, but FeNO levels is affected by many factors. Nonetheless, data of the effect on the FeNO values throughout the bronchodilator test and the differences in FeNO values between BDR positive (BDR+) and negative (BDR−) children with asthma are still limited. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the BDR test on FeNO and the differences in FeNO levels between BDR+ and BDR− children with asthma. Methods This was a prospective, observational study performed over a 5-month period (December 2018 to April 2019) and involved 57 children with asthma. The FeNO levels at pre-spirometry, post-spirometry, and post-salbutamol BDR testing were estimated. Finally, the children were divided into two groups i.e., BDR+ and BDR−, and differences in the FeNO levels were compared between the two groups. Results The spirometry results were normal in 2 patients (3.5%). There were 53 (93%) patients with obstructive lung disease, including 40 (70.2%), 11 (19.3%), and 2 (3.5%) patients with mild, moderate, and severe obstruction, respectively. The remaining two patients had mixed lesions (3.5%), none of which were restrictive. The baseline median FeNO levels were significantly higher in the BDR+ group than in the BDR− group [33.00 (23.78, 46.73) vs. 23.00 (9.80, 37.80), (P=0.048)]. Following spirometry, there was a statistically significant decrease in median FeNO levels from baseline to post-spirometry (P=0.002). However, there was no significant difference between the median FeNO levels at baseline and following the BDR test (P=0.976). The impact of spirometry on FeNO was not statistically different in BDR+ versus BDR− children (Z=−0.186, P=0.853); however, the impact of bronchodilators on FeNO exhibited a statistically significant difference between the two groups (Z=3.160, P=0.002). Conclusions This study revealed dynamic changes in the FeNO levels during the BDR test. The use of a bronchodilator results in a statistically significant difference in FeNO levels between BDR+ and BDR− children with asthma. Moreover, spirometry leads to a marked decrease in the FeNO levels. Our results will allow clinicians to better interpret FeNO, BDR and pulmonary function outcomes and better develop clinical protocols.
Additive functionals on random search trees

Search trees are fundamental data structures in computer science. We study functionals on random search trees that satisfy recurrence relations of a simple additive form. Many important functionals including the space requirement, internal path length, and the so-called shape functional fall under this framework. Our goal is to derive asymptotics of moments and identify limiting distributions of these functionals under two commonly studied probability models -- the random permutation model and the uniform model. For the random permutation model, our approach is based on establishing transfer theorems that link the order of growth of the input into a particular deterministic recurrence to the order of growth of the output. For the uniform model, our approach is based on the complex-analytic tool of singularity analysis. To facilitate a systematic analysis of these additive functionals we extend singularity analysis, a class of methods by which one can translate on a term-by-term basis an asymptotic expansion of a functional around its dominant singularity into a corresponding expansion for the Taylor coefficients of the function. The most important extension is the determination of how singularities are composed under the operation of Hadamard product of analytic power series. The transfer theorems derived are used in conjunction with the method of moments to establish limit laws for m-ary search trees under the random permutation model. For the uniform model on binary search trees, the extended singularity analysis toolkit is employed to establish the asymptotic behavior of the moments of a wide class of functionals. These asymptotics are used, again in conjunction with the method of moments, to derive limit laws.
A general class of adaptative strategies

We exhibit and characterize an entire class of simple adaptive strategies, in the repeated play of a game, having the Hannan-consistency property: In the long-run, the player is guaranteed an average payoff as large as the best-reply payoff to the empirical distribution of play of the other players; i.e., there is no "regret. " Smooth fictitious play (Fudenberg and Levine [1995]) and regret-matching (Hart and Mas-Colell [1998]) are particular cases. The motivation and application of this work come from the study of procedures whose empirical distribution of play is, in the long-run, (almost) a correlated equilibrium. The basic tool for the analysis is a generalization of Blackwell's [1956a] approachability strategy for games with vector payoffs.