Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FIRST REPORT OF GRAPEVINE PINOT GRIS VIRUS FROM TABLE GRAPES IN SOUTHERN ITALY

Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV), a member of the genus Trichovirus, family Betaflexiviridae, was first identified by deep sequencing in vines of cvs. Pinot Gris and Traminer, growing in the Trento’s area (northern Italy), and showing mottling and deformation of the leaves (Giampetruzzi et al., 2012). The virus was subsequently recorded from other Italian regions (Emilia-Romagna, Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia) as well as from South Korea, Slovenia, Slovakia, Czech Republic and Greece (Martelli, 2014). During spring 2014, GPGV was found in two distinct areas of Apulia (southern Italy) in several vines of the table grape cvs. Black Magic and Supernova that showed chlorotic mottling, puckering and deformation of the leaves. GPGV presence was ascertained by RT-PCR using specific primer pairs DetF (5’ TGGTCTGCAGCCAGGGGACA 3’) / DetR (5’ TCACGACCGGCAGGGAAGGA 3’), spanning the end of the movement protein (MP) and the beginning of the coat protein (CP) gene sequences. The amplified products (588 bp) were cloned into pSC-A-amp/kan and custom-sequenced (Macrogen Europe, The Netherlands). BLAST comparison with comparable GPGV sequences retrieved from GenBank, disclosed that the Apulian virus isolate shares the highest sequence identity at the nuclotide level (94 to 96%) with isolate GPGV ZA505-1A from northern Italy (GenBank accession No. FR877530.1). GPGV involvement in the induction of symptoms observed in Apulian vineyards remains to be determined, for the diseased vines were also infected by Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), whose presence can by itself account for the observed symptomatology. To our knowledge this is the first report of GPGV from southern Italy. It constitutes an alarming finding for a viticultural area hosting a large acreage of table and wine grape stands.
The α, β, γ, ∂-Unsaturated Aldehyde 2-trans-4-trans-Decadienal Disturbs DNA Replication and Mitotic Events in Early Sea Urchin Embryos

The polyunsaturated aldehydes are highly reactive products of fatty acid peroxidation and combustion of organic materials, and theyhavebeendocumentedtohavediversecyctotoxicandgenotoxic effects. The a,b,g,d-unsaturated aldehyde 2-trans-4-trans-decadienalis producedbymarinemicroalgae, anditisknown toinhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in several different cell types. However, the molecular basis for the cell cycle arrest is not fully understood.Weusedseaurchinembryostoexaminehowsomeofthe key events of the mitotic cell division were influenced by this polyunsaturated aldehyde. We found that cell divisions in embryos of Sphaerechinus granularis were inhibited by 2-trans-4-trans-decadienal in a dose dependent manner with an EC50 of 1.3 mM. Mitotic events in the nondividing eggs were characterized using immunofluorescent staining. DNA labelling revealed that pronuclear migration was inhibited, and a total absence of incorporation of the DNA-base analogue 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine indicated that no DNA replication had occurred. Staining of a-tubulin subunits showed that tubulin-polymerization was disrupted and aberrations were induced in mitotic spindles. Furthermore, we monitored the activity of the G2-M promoting complex cyclin B-Cdk1 in newly fertilized sea urchin eggs, and found that this complex was not activated in embryos treated with 2-trans-4-trans-decadienal despite the accumulation of cyclin B.
Differential expression during drought conditioning of a root‐specific S‐adenosylmethionine synthetase from jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seedlings

Differential screening of a cDNA library constructed from root mRNA from jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seedlings exposed to two cycles of drought conditioning identified a S-adenosylmethionine synthetase (sam-s) cDNA. A cDNA encoding the entire open reading frame of SAM-S was identified and characterized. Analysis of the full-length sam-s cDNA revealed that it was 1675 bp, encoded an open reading frame of 393 amino acids and had a predicted protein mass of 43 kDa. Jack pine sam-s was found to be highly similar to several other plant sam-s genes. RNA gel blot analysis showed that sam-s mRNA abundance increased following two cycles of drought conditioning and remained abundant after 3 d of rewatering. Expression of this gene appears to be root-specific. Quantitative slot blot analysis showed that two cycles of drought conditioning caused a 6-fold increase in sam-s mRNA abundance whereas heat shock, cold stress and anoxia did not result in the accumulation of sam-s mRNA. SAM-S enzyme activity increased 2-fold following two cycles of drought conditioning. The increase in the rate of SAM-s enzyme activity was also correlated with changes in rates of ethylene and betaine synthesis, biosynthetic pathways that utilize SAM as a substrate. Ethylene evolution and betaine abundance increased following two cycles of drought conditioning.
THE MIGRATION OF THE PRIMARY SEX-CELLS OF FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS

1. The earliest primary sex-cells found in Fundulus were located in the peripheral endoderm, lateral to the posterior half of the 46-hour embryo. No sex-cells were observed in that part of the embryo which develops from the head fold.2. The germinal path leads from the peripheral endoderm, into the border of the undifferentiated endodermal cell mass. When this cell mass splits to form gut endoderm and lateral mesoderm, the sex-cells proceed medially with either layer. By the time the gut is formed, these cells are lateral to it; they all eventually become located in the splanchnic mesoderm of this region. From here the sex-cells migrate dorsal to the hind gut, thence to the region ventral to the Wolffian ducts. Here they become surrounded by peritoneal cells which form the somatic portion of the gonads. From this position the germ gland anlagen are shifted back to their final location dorsal to the gut.3. There is very little multiplication of the sex-cells during the period of migration. Division apparen.
Suplementação de acidificantes em rações de leitões desmamados: desempenho e digestibilidade

In two experimental assays it was evaluated the diet acidifier supplementation effect on performance (assay 1) and on nutrient apparent digestibility coefficients (assay 2). During 42 days in assay 1, 120 piglets weaned at 21-days years old were allotted in eight experimental block design with three pigs per experimental unit. The treatments were a control and four acidified diets. In assay 2, 10ten piglets with an average weight of 16,4 kg were allotted in two experimental block design receiving two treatments under five replications (control diet without acidifier or supplied with 1,0% fumaric acid). On performance study the fumaric acid inclusion in the diet permitted a feed intake increase from 0 to 15 days, and weight gain from 0 to 32 days and from 0 to 42 days. In assay 2, the diet 1,0% of fumaric acid inclusion did not modified the apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter and moreover diet chemical compounds. The similar apparent digestibility coefficient of dietetic nutrients with the acidifier inclusion probably occurred due to the short period of evaluation. The fumaric acid inclusion in weaned piglet diets improved performance of piglets.
Nitrate controls testa rupture and water content during release of physiological dormancy in seeds of Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.

Abstract Seeds of Sisymbrium officinale display physiological dormancy and require nitrate to germinate. Rupture of the testa precedes radicle protrusion through the endosperm (germination sensu stricto). While both endosperm rupture and testa rupture (TR) required nitrate, endosperm rupture was fully inhibited by abscisic acid (ABA) but TR was not inhibited. The gibberellic acid (GA)-synthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol prevented TR, which was reverted by exogenous GA4 but not by nitrate. The orientation of TR was transverse, which prompted the question whether seeds elongate prior to radicle protrusion, concurrent with an increase in water content. Between 9 h and 1 d no increase in length or water content was observed. During incubation in ABA the length of imbibed seeds without TR did not increase between 1 and 5 d, whereas nitrate added to ABA induced TR and a 94% increase in length. At the same time the water content of seeds without TR increased by 18%, while the water content of seeds with TR increased by 38%. Length and water content were correlated in a single-seed analysis for seeds with TR, but not for seeds without TR. Increased length was also observed in Arabidopsis seeds with nitrate-induced TR. These results indicate that prior to endosperm rupture dormancy release by nitrate is accompanied by TR, seed elongation and an increase in water content. A new multiphasic model is proposed for the imbibition curve, where the second phase of the classical triphasic curve is split into three sub-phases, of which phases IIB and IIC are associated with TR.
Systematics of Oreobates and the Eleutherodactylus discoidalis species group (Amphibia, Anura), based on two mitochondrial DNA genes and external morphology

We present morphological and molecular (mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA) evidence supporting the validity and monophyly of the genus Oreobates. This genus also includes members of the former Eleutherodactylus discoidalis species group plus Eleutherodactylus heterodactylus. The presence of prominent conical subarticular tubercles and prominent supernumerary tubercles associated with the axis of fingers and toes, the presence of glandular axillary pads, and the absence of vocal sacs are proposed as morphological synapomorphies. Species of this taxon form a well-supported crown clade in a phylogeny including members of the genera Craugastor and Eleutherodactylus s.l. The sister taxon to Oreobates is the Eleutherodactylus martinicensis series; Oreobates does not appear to be closely related to the Eleutherodactylus binotatus series or to members of the Eleutherodactylus dolops and Eleutherodactylus nigrovittatus species groups. The taxonomic status of all species of Oreobates is reassessed. Hylodes philippi and Hylodes verrucosus are removed from the synonymy of Oreobates quixensis. We redescribe Oreobates cruralis on the basis of the holotype and new material from Bolivia and Peru, and restrict its distribution to the humid forests of the lowlands and adjacent foothills of the Andes, from southern Peru to central Bolivia. Oreobates granulosus is rediscovered, redescribed, and resurrected, on the basis of the examination of the holotype and additional material from Peru. Phylogenetic analyses of partial 16S mtDNA are used to test the independence of lineages (species). The 14 species of Oreobates are distributed from southern Ecuador to northern Argentina. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 152, 737–773.
Survey of pesticides in New Zealand groundwaters, 1994

Abstract A survey of pesticides in groundwater throughout New Zealand was conducted in 1994 by the Institute of Environmental Science and Research for various Regional and District Councils. Wells were selected on the basis of the importance of each aquifer to the region, the proximity of particular land uses, and the extent of application of pesticides in the area—recognising that shallower, unconfined aquifers would be more at risk than deeper aquifers. Throughout New Zealand, 79 wells were sampled plus 39 wells sampled during a more intensive survey in Marlborough. There were no wells with pesticides detected above the Maximum Acceptable Value (MAV) for drinking water, indicating that all the water tested was suitable for drinking. Pesticides were detected in 13 out of the total of 79 wells (16.5%) excluding the Marlborough survey. If this survey is included, then 16 out of a total of 118 wells (13.6%) showed detectable pesticides. Most (78%) pesticide concentrations were below 1 mg m−3 with 52% below .
Características de qualidade do suco polposo de cajá (Spondias lutea L.) obtido por extração mecânico-enzimática

Caja fruit (Spondias lutea L.) from Maranguape (Ceara-Brazil) obtained at the full maturity stage were processed at a pilot-scale level with the purpose to obtain pulpy juice through enzymatic-mechanical process. The final product was analysed regarding physical-chemical characteristics as well as in relation to sensorial profile after 120 days of storage at room temperature (28°C). The pulp was treated by 120 ppm of pectinolytics enzymes (Pectinex Ultra SP-L) during 30 minutes at 25°C, keeping natural pulp pH (2,98). The "hot-fill " + aditives were used as a preservation process for the pulpy juice. At a statistical point of view physical-chemical characteristics remained without significative alterations, showing average values of pH (2,78), soluble solids (11,19°Brix). total titrable acid (1,46 g% citric acid), reducing sugar (6,91 g% in glicose), tannins (77,36 mg% tanic acid), colour (0,125 in absorbance lecture in 440 nm), pectin (0,12 g% in calcium pectate) and viscosity (10,8 cps). The sensorial analysis classified the pulpy juice as " good " and " very good " acceptance, the highest medium values were the appearance, colour and taste parameters.
ASPECTS OF THE ECOLOGY OF LAMPROGLENA CLARIAE (COPEPODA: LERNAEIDAE) FROM THE VAAL RIVER SYSTEM, SOUTH AFRICA

Abstract This study refers to the ecology of Lamproglena clariae. Specimens were collected from the Vaal Dam and Vaal River Barrage in the Gauteng Province, South Africa, for a two-year period. Data were analysed statistically. There was a positive correlation between the host's physical dimensions and the size of the parasite. Larger fish had larger parasites than smaller ones. Parasites from both sites preferred the fourth gill and the median part of the gill arch for attachment. There was no significant host gender preference by parasites. A similar seasonal pattern was observed in the prevalence, abundance, and mean intensity at both localities. This study shows that some aspects of the ecology of the parasite are influenced by the host to which it attaches. Its attachment-site preference was also determined by the position of the gill on the gill chamber. The parasite abundance and prevalence were neither dependent on the size of the host nor influenced by the water quality.
DNA barcoding to analyse taxonomically complex groups in plants: the case of Thymus (Lamiaceae)

We evaluated the utility of the core barcode regions (matK and rbcL) and the plastid intergenic spacer trnH-psbA to distinguish between Thymus spp. This is a taxonomically complex group that has been investigated so far mainly using morphological approaches. Thirty-six samples representing nine different morphospecies were collected and used for molecular analysis. The three markers showed clear amplification and sequencing. However, the genetic variation and the resulting haplotype networks showed that only Thymus capitatus forms a well-defined ‘barcoding gap’ compared with the other taxa. The identification problems observed in the other Thymus spp. may be related to reduced gene flow among populations, resulting in high intraspecific and low interspecific genetic variation. This situation does not permit the definition of species-specific barcodes. A second hypothesis suggests that morphological traits used for the delimitation of Thymus spp. do not reflect real biological and molecular species boundaries. If this is the case, the taxonomy of Thymus should be revised through extensive sampling and analyses with different tools (i.e. molecular variability, morphology, geographical distribution, etc.) to define the natural units at the species level. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 171, 687–699.
Endocrine Aspects of Uterine Involution in the Cow

The postpartum period (PP) (=puerperium) is characterized by involution of the uterus and recyclicity of the ovarian functions to prepare the animal for a new pregnancy period. The time required for the genital organs to become normalised is influenced by breed, management including feeding regimens and environmental factors. This period is also strongly influenced by periparturient diseases such as dystocia, paresis (puerperalis), mastitis, endometritis, etc. The period is also influenced by several hormonal changes. During the postpartum period in the cow, a massive release of PGF2α occurs concomitantly with the uterine involution. In cows with retained foetal membranes (RFM), a second pulsatile release of PGF2α is seen concomitant with the growth and final elimination of bacteria. A similar pattern is seen in cows with induced parturitions with e.g. dexamethasone, indicating the occurrence of RFM/endometritis as a consequence of the induction. The duration of these prostaglandin releases are negatively correlated to uterine involution in normal cows and positively correlated in cows with RFM/endometritis respectively. As long as the release is maintained, the cow is unable to ovulate and it therefore seems likely that PGF2α or other products in the arachidonic acid cascade can inhibit the ovarian activity. Onset of ovarian cyclicity influences to a high degree the uterine involution, however most common is that the first ovarian cycle is shorter than seen during the normal oestrous cycle. The uterine involution process can be enhanced by treatments with exogenous PGF2α- No effect on uterine involution in healthy cows, or a slight positive effect, is seen after treatment with prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors (e.g. flunixin meglumine). The aim of this presentation is to review some of the knowledge of the interactions between the uterus and ovaries during the postpartum period in cattle.
The Development of a Scale on Assessing Peer Mentoring at the College Level

The purpose of my study was to develop and validate a scale to assess peer mentoring practices that aim to enhance learning. In the development process, 4 focus group interviews were conducted with 10 mentors and 12 mentees who participated in 8 weeks of peer mentoring. In addition to the literature, the findings from interviews were used to develop items. The 11-item form was administered to 126 college students. After the confirmatory factor analysis, the scale took on its final form with 10 items in 3 factors as Contribution to Mentee, Mentor Characteristics, and Peer Relationships. The results of confirmatory analysis were: GFI . 92, CFI . 99, NNFI . 98, RMSEA . 080, and Cronbach α coefficient was found to be . 954.
A new alien species in Hellenic waters: Pseudonereis anomala (Polychaeta, Nereididae) invades harbors in the Eastern Mediterranean

Pseudonereis anomala (Polychaeta), a Red Sea immigrant, is reported in Greek waters in a time period when the species was also recorded along the Turkish coast. A total of 55 specimens were collected in the harbor of Piraeus in September 2003, and 5 specimens in the harbor of Kalamata in October 2003.
Evaluation of resistance of apricot cultivars to a Spanish isolate of plum pox potyvirus (PPV).

The resistance of 12 apricot cultivars to the Dideron type Spanish isolate RB3.30 of plum pox potyvirus was evaluated in controlled conditions in an insect-proof greenhouse. The results of the evaluation demonstrated the resistance of the cultivars ‘Stella’, ‘Stark Early Orange’, ‘Goldrich’, ‘Harcot’, ‘NJA2’, ‘Pandora’ and ‘Avilara’ to the isolate, and the susceptibility of the cultivars ‘A1453’, ‘Bulida’,‘Currot’, ‘Real Fino’ and ‘Canino’
A nutritional view of understanding and complexity in the problem of diet selection by deer (Cervidae)

I review recent developments in the theory of diet selection by deer with a focus on the diet selection problem at the level of individual food items. Much progress has been made in quantitatively predicting forage nutritional value, effects of plant tannins and the handling-time costs of forage ingestion and rumen passage. Much progres also has been made in quantifying allometric relations between deer, their nutritional adaptations, and their food requirements. A much greater appreciation has been gained for the complexity of food resources and the heterogeneity of natural environments. More work is needed, however, in all of the above and also in quantitative predictions of the effects of nontannin plant allelochemicals, deer rumen function and passage rate, and interrelations between factors. The diet selection problem is highly complex primarily because of interactions between constraints and objectives and enormous heterogeneity of food resources. The efficiency and variation of learned behavior are additional complications. I conclude that although optimal foraging theory is a useful paradigm for studying the mechanistic processes of the diet selection problem, its fundamental assumptions are very tenuous. Quantitative prediction of a range of potentially good solutions is more reasonable than that of an optimal solution. The theory of diet selection by deer must be broader than optimal foraging theory alone.
Effect of different fat sources on the performance and carcass traits of growing lambs.

animals of the second and third groups were fed diets containing 4% dried fat and 4% tallow, respectively. All experimental diets were formulated to provide the recommended levels of digestible energy (3.0 Mcal/kg diet) and crude protein (14.71 %) according to NRC publication (1985) for sheep. There were a significant (P<0.05) differences in the average daily gain, daily feed intake (g/head/day), and feed conversion between the different experimental groups. Lambs fed ration contained 4% dried fat recorded the highest value in daily gain and the best feed conversion. The digestion coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre and ether extract as well as the nutritive value (DCP and TDN) were significantly (P<0.05) higher for ration containing 4% dried fat followed by ration containing 4% tallow compared to the control one. Ruminal pH values were significantly higher (P<0.05) in lambs fed diet with 4% dried fat . Ruminal ammonia nitrogen and total volatile fatty acids concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) decreased with supplementation of fat compared to the control one. Dressing percentages were increased significantly (P<0.05) by feeding supplemental fat compared to the control group. It could be concluded that, lambs fed diet with 4% dried fat recorded the best performance and the highest digestibility and carcass traits.
A Phylogenetic Analysis of Nesting Behavior in the Genus Osmia (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

Abstract Cladistic analysis is used to study the evolution of 29 biological characters related to nesting behavior, nest provisioning, oviposition, cocoon spinning, defecation, and life cycle (nest characters) in 11 species of Osmia bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) and two outgroup genera. A molecular phylogeny based on 38 allozyme loci-as-characters and a combined character phylogeny are produced to compare with the nest character phylogeny. All phylogenetic trees support the monophyly of the genus Osmia and the subgenus Osmia (Osmia) with Osmia ribifloris Cockerell basal to the other species in this subgenus. The subgenus Helicosmia (=Chalcosmia) is resolved as a sister clade to O. (Osmia) in the molecular tree and as sister to the subgenus Cephalosmia in the nest character and combined trees. Incomplete biological information from additional species of all three subgenera is provided to support the consistency of nest characters at the subgeneric level and their use in the establishment of subgeneric phylogenies in the family Megachilidae.