Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE ANALYSIS OF THE VOLATILE OILS OF THE LEAVES OF ARTEMISIA MEXICANA AND ARTEMISIA KLOTZCHIANA

The analysis of neutral and phenolic fractions of the essential oils from A. mexicana and A. klotzchiana by means of gas–liquid chromatography was attempted. The mixtures of neutral fractions were resolved using preparative g.l. c. , and identification of components was made by chemical, spectrophotometric, and n.m. r. methods. The phenolic components were identified by means of relative retention ratios and addition methods. From A. mexicana (−)α-phellandrene, (+) limonene, (−)β-phellandrene, (−) camphor, (−) borneol, thymol, carvacrol, and eugenol were identified. From A. klotzchiana (−) α-phellandrene, (+) limonene, 1,8-cineole, (+) β-thujone, (−) camphor, (−) borneol, carvacrol, and eugenol were isolated.
Emergency remote education in Bahrain, Iraq, and Russia During the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative case study

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic many education organizations closed their doors to contain the spread of infection, providing learning continuity by distance and online delivery. OBJECTIVE: To explore the challenges educators faced during emergency remote learning so that others may learn from their experience. METHOD: A case study based on the experience of educators compares how education continuity was provided in Bahrain, Iraq, and Russia. Personal insights gathered using Zoom, complemented by documentary evidence, explore the ‘lived experience’ of the emergency changes made to teaching and learning provision. RESULTS: Whilst teachers and students were ill-prepared, and there were issues with electricity supply, stable Wi-Fi, and access to equipment, most countries were able to offer students access to learning using a combination of distance education and online learning. Benefits accrued were greater familiarity with the use of technology and a revaluing of the importance of social relations in teaching and learning. Early indications are that educational inequities may have been widened as a consequence. CONCLUSION: The challenges facing the education sector fall into three main categories: crisis management and decision making, infrastructure readiness, and student receptiveness. A hybrid approach, which blends face-to-face with online learning, is the way forward in the ‘new normal’ post-pandemic.
South American tree rings show declining δ13C trend

A composite, 290-year tree-ring δ 13 C chronology was developed from a site in Chile where 5 Fitroya cupressoides (alerce) trees were sampled, 2 increment cores per tree, and the holocellulose component was analyzed in 5-year ring groups. This chronology shows a decreasing δ 13 C trend of approximately 1.2‰, primarily since the turn of this century. This δ 13 C decline is similar to that of major tree-ring studies in the Northern Hemisphere, but it is the only major Southern Hemisphere study which clearly exhibits such a δ 13 C trend. This is the first evidence for any interhemispheric reproducibility of tree-ring δ 13 C chronologies, and furthermore, the Fitzroya δ 13 C trend conforms well to that of δ 13 C of atmospheric CO2 determined from ice cores and direct measurements. This correspondence suggests the alerce δ 13 C trend has not been substantially influenced by systematic changes in environmental factors such light, relative humidity and soil moisture or by changing atmospheric CO2 concentration, all of which are, in theory, capable of altering Ci/Ca ratios and obscuring the atmospheric δ 13 C record contained in the tree rings. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1994. t01-1-00007.x
Estimation of heats of formation of organic compounds by additivity methods

In the present manuscript describing traditional, macroscopic thermochemical properties, the authors` language will be that of molecular structure. Enthalpies (or heats of formation) are the subject of this article, and since the most important practical application of enthalpies is to explore reactivities and/or equilibria, they take a kineticist`s perspective in answering the question, what is a ``sufficiently accurate`` prediction of an enthalpy of formation. In a general reaction, A + B {yields} C + D, a shift in {Delta}{sub r}H (enthalpy of reaction) of 1 kcal/mol will generally result in a change in the equilibrium constant, K{sub eq}, of exp({minus}500/T) where T is the temperature in Kelvins. At room temperature, this means a factor of over 5 in K{sub eq}; the difference between, say, 90% and 64% reaction yield. Or, in terms of the time required for reaction completion, it could also mean an increase of a factor of 5. This factor of 5 is the same whether the total enthalpy of reaction is 5 kcal/mol or 500 kcal/mol. Thus, while theoreticians have struggled to attain the stage where they can with pride calculate enthalpy quantities with 2--4 kcal/mol uncertainty, they are not solving the practical problems at hand.
A Fully Synthesizable Fractional-N MDLL With Zero-Order Interpolation-Based DTC Nonlinearity Calibration and Two-Step Hybrid Phase Offset Calibration

In this paper, a fully-synthesizable digital-to-time (DTC)-based fractional-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> multiplying delay-locked loop(MDLL) is presented. Noise and linearity of synthesizable DTCs are analyzed, and a two-stage synthesizable DTC is proposed in which a path-selection DTC is used as the coarse stage and a variable-slope DTC is used as the fine stage. To calibrate the DTC nonlinearity, a highly robust zero-order interpolation based nonlinearity calibration is proposed. Besides, the static phase offsets (SPO) between bang-bang phase detector (BBPD) and multiplexer (MUX) are calibrated by a proposed hybrid analog/digital phase offset calibration, while the dynamic phase offsets (DPO) are removed by a proposed complementary switching scheme. The co-design of the analog circuits and digital calibrations enable excellent jitter and spur performance. The MDLL achieves 0.70 and 0.48ps root-mean-square (RMS) jitter in fractional-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and integer-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> modes, respectively. The fractional spur is less than −59.0dBc, and the reference spur is −64.5dBc. The power consumptions are 1.85mW and 1.22mW, corresponding to figures of merit (FOM) of −240.4dB and −245.5dB.
The Relationship Between Debt and Output

We empirically investigate the dynamic relationship between debt and output in a panel of 72 countries over the period 1970–2014 using a vector autoregression. We document two puzzling empirical findings that contrast with what is predicted by a standard small open economy model by Aguiar and Gopinath (J Polit Econ 115(1):69–102, 2007), where debt and output endogenously respond to total factor productivity shocks. First, developing countries’ debt falls after a positive output shock, while the model predicts a debt expansion. Second, output declines in developed and developing countries after a debt shock, while the model predicts higher output. The relationship between debt and output depends on the sector taking on debt (households, firms, or governments) and the source of financing (domestic versus external) and differs across countries with varying degrees of economic development or different exchange rate regimes.
Single crystals of V-amylose complexed with α-naphthol

Lamellar square single crystals of V-amylose were obtained by adding α-naphthol to metastable dilute aqueous solutions of synthetic amylose chains with an average degree of polymerization of 100. The morphology and structure of the crystals were studied using low-dose transmission electron microscopy including high-resolution imaging, as well as electron and X-ray diffraction. The crystals are crystallized in a tetragonal P41212 or P43212 space group with unit cell parameters, calculated from X-ray diffraction data, a = b = 2.2844 nm (±0.0005) and c = 0.7806 nm (±0.001), implying the presence of two amylose chains per unit cell. High-resolution lattice images of the crystals confirmed that the amylose chains were crystallized as 8-fold helices corresponding to the repeat of four maltosyl units.
Does an External Governance Framework Enhance the Performance of Pakistan's Banking Sectors? Foreign Ownership as Moderator

This study would determine how external governance structure improves the performance of listed banks in Pakistan with the return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), earnings per share (EPS) and dividend payout ratio (DPR) estimates. The study concerned external corporate governance with the presence of foreign ownership as a moderator. The sample design of the study is listed banks in Pakistan stock exchange (PSX) from 2009 to 2018 with the availability of foreign ownership data. The data are gathered from financial statements, shareholding trends, and the credit rating agencies Pakistan (PACRA). The panel data approach (fixed and random effect model) was reversed to serve a different research objective and the study goals. The results showed that the external mechanism of governance performs an important part in the transparency and efficiency of the banking sectors. The banks could also increase foreign investment if they get better external governance mechanisms. This work will help commercial banks resolve the issues and improve compliance with the corporate governance code, and devise strategies for better functioning. This research is inconsistent as none defined the governance of the external system with the moderator presence in Pakistan.
Distribution of zinc, cadmium, and copper forms in soils as influenced by phosphorus application

Abstract High P levels can alter the surface properties of soil colloids, possibly resulting in a redistribution of trace metals among various forms in soils. Therefore, the effect of P levels (0, 60, and 120 mg P kg‐1 soil) was studied on the various chemical pools—water soluble plus exchangeable (WE), carbonates (CARB), organic (OM), Mn oxide (MnOX), amorphous Fe oxide (AFeOX), crystalline Fe oxide (CFeOX), and residual (RES) of Zn, Cd, and Cu—in three soils. Increasing P levels resulted in lowering Zn and Cd in the CFeOX, OM, and CARB fractions, with a concomitant increase in the AFeOX and WE fractions, and had no effect on the RES fraction. Phosphorus application influenced AFeOX‐Zn fraction more than any other fraction. The depressive effect of P levels was more pronounced on the CFeOX fraction than on the OM or CARB fraction of Zn and Cd. Applied P moved Cu from the less soluble or most stable forms (CFeOX, CARB and OM) to the intermediately soluble forms (AFeOX and MnOX) and the most soluble form (.
Free‐Product Recovery of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Liquids

Recovery wells remain the principle technology for removal of free‐product hydrocarbon liquids from the subsurface. This paper presents simple models for estimating hydrocarbon recovery rates using wells and vacuum‐enhanced systems. Use of LNAPL volume balance between LNAPL recovery rate and formation free‐product volume leads to development of algebraic equations that can be used to estimate recovery times. Selection of model parameters is discussed, model comparisons are made, and applications are presented for design and analysis of recovery systems using wells. Model validation is also discussed.
Determination of organic matter in soil using near-infrared spectroscopy and partial least squares regression

An alternative approach for the determination of organic matter content in soil is proposed, using near infrared spectroscopy and partial least squares regression for data modeling. This method was applied to two different types of soils: Oxisol and Ultisol. One hundred soil samples, collected at different depth intervals, with organic matter content from 0.40 to 4.83 mg g−1 were obtained from the Instituto Agronômico (Campinas-Brazil). For test the reference data were obtained by titration of the excess of Cr(VI) with standard Fe(II) solution, after sample digestion with potassium dichromate in an acid medium in digestion tubes. The organic matter contents determined by the so called digestion tube method were also correlated with those obtained by near infrared spectroscopy, using partial least squares regression. A root mean squares error of prediction equal to 0.20 mg g−1 was obtained. The digestion tube method was also compared with the Walkley–Black method for twelve soil samples and no difference in results for the organic matter determination was found.
High Field Temperature-Independent Field-Effect Mobility of Amorphous Indium–Gallium–Zinc Oxide Thin-Film Transistors: Understanding the Importance of Equivalent-Oxide-Thickness Downscaling

We investigate the temperature dependence of field-effect mobility (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu _{eff}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) on amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) having 10-nm-thick HfO<sub>2</sub>. Thanks for the downscaling of the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT), we observe, for the first time, a temperature-independent <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu _{eff}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at a high field or high carrier concentration (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}_{carrier}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) regime and a strong temperature-dependent <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu _{eff}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at a low field or low <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}_{carrier}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> regime. The observation highlights the importance of EOT downscaling to enhance <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}_{carrier}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and facilitate the Fermi level (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}_{F}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) to approach and even exceed the potential barriers’ peak (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}_{M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), leading to a high and temperature-independent <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu _{eff}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at high <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}_{carrier}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}_{carrier}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at which <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}_{\textbf {F}} = {E}_{M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is extracted to be <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 6\times 10^{12}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm<sup>−2</sup>. A detailed study of the relationship between EOT scaling and the gate bias voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{GS}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) at which <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}_{F}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> equals to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}_{M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is performed. <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-IGZO TFTs with an ultrascaled gate dielectric are capable of alleviating the negative effects from the potential barriers at low <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{GS}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and could enable low-power applications with high performance. Besides, a weak temperature-dependent subthreshold swing (SS) of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-IGZO TFT was observed and explained.
Effect of Normosil Probiotic Supplementation on the Growth Performance and Blood Parameters of Broiler Chickens

Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of probiotic “Normosil” containing a mixture of living cultures of Lactobacillus and Enterococcus strains at a concentration of 1×10 6 and 1×10 7 CFU/mL was assessed. Materials and Methods: Effect of Normosil on the growth performance, hematological and biochemical factors of Arbor Acres broilers from a day-old to 42-day old (n= 175, 1 control + 4 experimental groups) daily and periodically. Results: Results showed that Normosil (1×10 6 CFU/mL) had a relatively better growth performance and showed an increase in the average daily growth by 10.6%-13.0% compared to control. In comparison to control, broilers provided with daily and periodic dose of Normosil showed an increase in the level of blood erythrocytes by 5.6% and 14.1% after 21 days, respectively; and an increase in hemoglobin, glucose, total protein, albumin, sodium, potassium and calcium by 4.9% and 10.9%,12.3% and 17.4%,0.5% and 5.7%, 3.7% and 14.4%, 2.1% and 5.0, 17.0% and 33.3% and 7.7% and 21.2% (p<0.05), respectively after 42 days of growth. Nutrient digestibility in context to organic matter, raw protein, raw fat and nitrogen-free extractive compounds in broilers fed with periodic and daily doses of Normosil (10 6 CFU/mL) was higher than in control by 4.4%-6.6%, 2.5%-6.2, 1.6%-5.5% and 8.2%-12.2%, respectively. Compared to control, the femoral muscles had a higher protein content of 6.0% and 15.7% (experimental groups III and IV); low carcass fatness by 8.1% (group IV); and low content of connective tissue. Conclusion: This study suggests the potential benefits of Normosil supplementation for improving the growth and quality of broilers. substantiation of probiotic feed Scientific interests: feed and feed additives, pre - and probiotics, rational feeding of animals and poultry.
Touching Virtual Humans: Haptic Responses Reveal the Emotional Impact of Affective Agents

Interpersonal touch is critical for social-emotional development and presents a powerful modality for communicating emotions. Virtual agents of the future could capitalize on touch to establish social bonds with humans and facilitate cooperation in virtual reality (VR). We studied whether the emotional expression of a virtual agent would affect the way humans touch the agent. Participants were asked to hold a pressure-sensing tube presented as the agent’s arm in VR. Upon seeing the agent’s emotional expression change, participants briefly squeezed the arm. The effect of emotional expressions on affective state was measured using self-reported valence and arousal as well as physiology-based indices. Onset, duration, and intensity of the squeeze were recorded to examine the haptic responses. Emotional expression of agents affected squeeze intensity and duration through changes in emotional perception and experience. Haptic responses may thus provide an implicit measure of persons’ experience towards their virtual companion.
Effect of Professionalism and Competence of Teachers on Teacher Performance and Its Impact on Student Learning Outcomes at Harapan Mandiri College

Harapan Mandiri College in Medan is one of the private universities that has programs to produce the best student learning outcomes. The achievement of high student learning outcomes cannot be separated from the roles of students and teachers. Qualified students will produce quality output. The student management process will make the achievement of quality learning outcomes. Thus it is very important to research the teaching staff at the Harapan Mandiri College, so that the factors that influence student learning outcomes can be identified so that it can be implemented in other schools. Student learning outcomes are as an improvement in the learning process. The importance of teacher performance as the teacher's ability to apply competence and professionalism. The purpose of this study was to improve student learning outcomes by analyzing the influence of professionalism and competence on teacher performance and an impact on student learning outcomes. This type of research is descriptive quantitative and the nature of the research uses descriptive explanatory level. The method used was a saturated sample or census, where the population was taken as a sample of 95 teacher respondents at the Harapan Mandiri College. Data analysis using path analysis. The results showed that professionalism has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance. Competence has a significant and dominant positive effect on teacher performance. Teacher performance has a positive and significant effect on student learning outcomes. Teacher performance is a partial mediator in influencing professionalism and competence on student learning outcomes.
Anaerobic Digestate and On-Farm Compost Application: Effects on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Crop Production and Soil Properties

A three-year field experiment was conducted in a Mediterranean environment on lettuce to study the production, characteristics and possible use of different amendments as substitution for nitrogen mineral fertilizers. The effects on soil dynamics were also investigated. The following treatments supplying 140 kg N ha−1 were compared: Stabilized anaerobic digestate from wine distillery wastewater (SAD); Non-stabilized organic material from wine distillery wastewater (NSAD); Olive pomace compost (OPC); Mineral N fertilizer (MIN); Commercial organic fertilizer (CORG). These treatments were compared with an unfertilized control (CONTR). No significant reduction occurred with SAD as compared to MIN, but its application significantly increased marketable yield in all experimental years compared to the unfertilized control. Furthermore, SAD treatment reached the highest marketable yield with an increase of 52.9% compared to CONTR in the year characterized by high unevenly rainfall distribution. Even with low absolute values, the application of mineral fertilizer not only had the highest level of nitrate in the leaves but also determined higher value of soil mineral N compared to by-products treatments, thereby increasing pollution risks. The NSAD and the OPC treatments had significantly lower biomass and marketable yield than MIN and presented the highest soil N mineral deficit. As a consequence, the choice and the production of the more appropriate agroindustrial by-product (in our research SAD treatment) is crucial to ensure lettuce yield and the sustainability of agro-ecosystem.
The Role of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) in Treating Early Esophageal Cancer: The Long-Term Results and Comparison with Esophagectomy

*Corresponding author: Jang-Ming Lee, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University, Hospital, 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan, Email: ntuhlee@yahoo.com Received: 14 Oct 2020 Accepted: 27 Oct 2020 Published: 02 Nov 2020 Copyright: ©2020 Lee JM et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.