Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Hemispheric Helicity Rule during the Rise of Cycle 23

In the last decade observations have revealed that a hemispheric preference of magnetic chirality (handedness) exists throughout the solar atmosphere, such as the net helicity of active regions in the photosphere, filament channels, Sor inverse S-shaped coronal loops and interplanetary magnetic clouds. The explanation of all these patterns and their possible connection to the dynamo are open to question. The aim of this paper is to examine whether the hemispheric sign rule for helicity in active regions does not change with a new solar cycle. We choose two different current helicity parameters (i.e., abest and Hc) to compute their signs for 87 active regions during the rising phase of cycle 23, using the vector magnetograms from the Solar Magnetic Field Telescope of Huairou Solar Observing Station of Beijing Astronomical Observatory. We find that 59% of the computed active regions in the northern hemisphere have negative ccbest and 65% in the southern hemisphere have positive abest • This result is consistent with that of the cycle 22. However, the helicity parameter Hc shows a weaker opposite hemispheric preference in the current solar cycle. How to explain the above result? Our views are that: (1) Although such a primary result is interesting, it would be premature to make a serious conclusion based on our data. More samples are required to answer this question. (2) Since Faraday rotation will produce a counterclockwise rotation of the azimuth for a line-of-sight field of positive polarity, and during cycle 23 the polarity of leading sunspots is positive in the northern hemisphere, some active regions with negative current helicity in the northern hemisphere due to the effect of Faraday rotation may reverse their original twist configuration to have positive helicity. For all the active regions in which the original twist is right-hand (positive helicity) in the northern hemisphere, their signs will not be influenced by Faraday rotation. On the other hand, Hc may be more susceptible to Faraday rotation than abest because it is mainly related to the areas where the line-of-sight field is strong. Hc, therefore, has a lower percentage of helicity sign in the northern hemisphere during the cycle 23 than abestSince the leading sunspots have negative polarity in the northern hemisphere during cycle 22, Hc should have a higher percentage in sign than abest • (3) The cause of the hemispheric tendency is still uncertain. Perhaps these two parameters reflect different physical nature of sub-photospheric origin. (4) A single sign of abest o r Hc averaged over a whole active region is not appropriate. It ignores the small-scale patterns of oppositely directed twists which are known to exist inside active regions. More details about this topic have been described by Bao et al. (2000, Astrophysics and Astronomy, in press).
Nonnegative Matrices in the Mathematical Sciences

1. Matrices which leave a cone invariant 2. Nonnegative matrices 3. Semigroups of nonnegative matrices 4. Symmetric nonnegative matrices 5. Generalized inverse- Positivity 6. M-matrices 7. Iterative methods for linear systems 8. Finite Markov Chains 9. Input-output analysis in economics 10. The Linear complementarity problem 11. Supplement 1979-1993 References Index.
Development and Validation of the Scale of Attitudes about Seeking Formal Help in the Context of Intimate Partner Violence

Stigma plays a critical role in the decision-making process of intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors, particularly whether they disclose, initiate, and continue with care for the consequences of the violence. As such, this study developed and validated a scale to assess the manifestation of IPV stigma on survivors’ attitudes toward accessing services, using a racially and ethnically diverse sample of women (N = 409). An exploratory factor analysis was conducted using a calibration subset (n = 206) to identify the factor structure of the newly developed scale. A confirmatory factor analysis was then performed using a validation subset (n = 203) to validate the hypothesized model. To assess language and Latina ethnic differences in the scale functioning, multiple indicators and multiple causes (MIMIC) modeling was applied. To test for construct validity, the scale’s correlation with two conceptually relevant variables was estimated. The final exploratory factor analysis (EFA) model retained eight items across two factors, accounting for 58.63% of the variance. Factor 1 captures attitudes related to anticipated stigma, and factor 2 captures attitudes related to internalized stigma. Results from the CFA validated the hypothesized second-order, two-factor model of the scale of Attitudes About Seeking Formal Help. Overall, results from the MIMIC model indicated measurement invariance across English and Spanish-speaking and Latina and non-Latina survivors. Construct validity was supported. This scale provides a tool to help capture and understand IPV stigma in relation to accessing professional services. Specifically, practitioners will be able to identify survivors who endorse high negative attitudes about seeking formal help, potentially being at higher risk of service discontinuation. Such information could, in turn, help guide a targeted service plan. Practitioners may also use this tool with ongoing clients to inform their practices and determine whether specific IPV stigma should be the focus of intervention.
Impact of cancer cachexia on respiratory muscle function and the therapeutic potential of exercise

Cancer cachexia is defined as a multi‐factorial syndrome characterised by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass and progressive functional impairment, estimated to affect 50–80% of patients and responsible for 20% of cancer deaths. Elevations in the morbidity and mortality rates of cachectic cancer patients has been linked to respiratory failure due to atrophy and dysfunction of the ventilatory muscles. Despite this, there is a distinct scarcity of research investigating the structural and functional condition of the respiratory musculature in cancer, with the majority of studies exclusively focusing on limb muscle. Treatment strategies are largely ineffective in mitigating the cachectic state. It is now widely accepted that an efficacious intervention will likely combine elements of pharmacology, nutrition and exercise. However, of these approaches, exercise has received comparatively little attention. Therefore, it is unlikely to be implemented optimally, whether in isolation or combination. In consideration of these limitations, the current review describes the mechanistic basis of cancer cachexia and subsequently explores the available respiratory‐ and exercise‐focused literature within this context. The molecular basis of cachexia is thoroughly reviewed. The pivotal role of inflammatory mediators is described. Unravelling the mechanisms of exercise‐induced support of muscle via antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects in addition to promoting efficient energy metabolism via increased mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial function and muscle glucose uptake provide avenues for interventional studies. Currently available pre‐clinical mouse models including novel transgenic animals provide a platform for the development of multi‐modal therapeutic strategies to protect respiratory muscles in people with cancer.
Application of a parallel laser apparatus to measure forearms and flanges of wild Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii)

We constructed a parallel laser photogrammetry apparatus constructed from commercially available parts, and measured forearm lengths and flange widths of 16 wild Bornean orangutans. Our objectives were to validate our method and apparatus, discuss issues encountered, and construct preliminary growth curves. For adult males, we also compared flange width to forearm length as a way to investigate the relationship between body size and flange development. We used a camera cage around a DSLR camera, on top of which we attached two parallel green lasers. We estimated error with repeatability, accuracy, and interobserver reliability measures, and measured forearm lengths in three different ways to see which was most consistent. The longest forearm measure was the most repeatable (CV = 1.64%), and was similar to flange repeatability (3.50%). Accuracy measurements of a known object were high (error = 0.25%), and Interobserver discrepancy low (3.74%). Laser spacing increased with distance to the subject, but we corrected for this using calibration photos after each session. We transparently discuss the issues we encountered with the aim that this accessible method can help expand the use of laser photogrammetry. Preliminary measurements show that male flange widths and forearm length do not reliably increase in tandem, and that female growth plateaus at around the age at first birth (15 years old). We conclude with suggested improvements to the apparatus and method to ensure the lasers remain parallel.
IMPACT OF MAGNETIC FIELDS ON RAM PRESSURE STRIPPING IN DISK GALAXIES

Ram pressure stripping can remove significant amounts of gas from galaxies in clusters and massive groups and thus has a large impact on the evolution of cluster galaxies. Recent observations have shown that key properties of ram-pressure-stripped tails of galaxies, such as their width and structure, are in conflict with predictions by simulations. To increase the realism of existing simulations, we simulated for the first time a disk galaxy exposed to a uniformly magnetized wind including radiative cooling and self-gravity of the gas. We find that magnetic fields have a strong effect on the morphology of the gas in the tail of the galaxy. While in the purely hydrodynamical case the tail is very clumpy, the magnetohydrodynamical case shows very filamentary structures in the tail. The filaments can be strongly supported by magnetic pressure and, wherever this is the case, the magnetic fields vectors tend to be aligned with the filaments. The ram pressure stripping process may lead to the formation of magnetized density tails that appear as bifurcated in the plane of the sky and resemble the double tails observed in ESO 137-001 and ESO 137-002. Such tails can be formed under a variety of situations, both for the disks oriented face-on with respect to the intracluster medium (ICM) wind and for the tilted ones. While this bifurcation is the consequence of the generic tendency for the magnetic fields to produce very filamentary tail morphology, the tail properties are further shaped by the combination of the magnetic field orientation and the sliding of the field past the disk surface exposed to the wind. Despite the fact that the effect of the magnetic field on the morphology of the tail is strong, magnetic draping does not strongly change the rate of gas stripping. For a face-on galaxy, the field tends to reduce the amount of gas stripping compared to the pure hydrodynamical case, and is associated with the formation of a stable magnetic draping layer on the side of the galaxy exposed to the incoming ICM wind. For significantly tilted disks, the situation may be reversed and the stripping rate may be enhanced by the “scraping” of the disk surface by the magnetic fields sliding past the ISM/ICM interface. Instabilities, such as gravitational instabilities, undo the protective effect of this layer and allow the gas to leak out of the galaxy.
A MULTIVARIATE FIT LUMINOSITY FUNCTION AND WORLD MODEL FOR LONG GAMMA-RAY BURSTS

It is proposed that the luminosity function, the rest-frame spectral correlations, and distributions of cosmological long-duration (Type-II) gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) may be very well described as a multivariate log-normal distribution. This result is based on careful selection, analysis, and modeling of LGRBs’ temporal and spectral variables in the largest catalog of GRBs available to date: 2130 BATSE GRBs, while taking into account the detection threshold and possible selection effects. Constraints on the joint rest-frame distribution of the isotropic peak luminosity (Liso), total isotropic emission (Eiso), the time-integrated spectral peak energy (Ep, z), and duration (T90, z) of LGRBs are derived. The presented analysis provides evidence for a relatively large fraction of LGRBs that have been missed by the BATSE detector with Eiso extending down to ∼1049 erg and observed spectral peak energies (Ep) as low as ∼5 keV. LGRBs with rest-frame duration T90, z ≲ 1 s or observer-frame duration T90 ≲ 2 s appear to be rare events (≲ 0.1% chance of occurrence). The model predicts a fairly strong but highly significant correlation (ρ = 0.58 ± 0.04) between Eiso and Ep, z of LGRBs. Also predicted are strong correlations of Liso and Eiso with T90, z and moderate correlation between Liso and Ep, z. The strength and significance of the correlations found encourage the search for underlying mechanisms, though undermine their capabilities as probes of dark energy's equation of state at high redshifts. The presented analysis favors—but does not necessitate—a cosmic rate for BATSE LGRBs tracing metallicity evolution consistent with a cutoff Z/Z☉ ∼ 0.2–0.5, assuming no luminosity–redshift evolution.
Rational determination of cefazolin dosage regimen in horses based on pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics principles and Monte Carlo simulations.

A pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) approach was used to determine the best empirical dosage regimen of cefazolin (CEZ) after intramuscular (IM) administration of CEZ in horses. Seven horses received a single IM or intravenous (IV) administration of CEZ of 5 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) according to a crossover design. CEZ plasma concentrations were measured using LC-MS/MS. The plasma concentrations in these seven horses and those of six other horses obtained in a previous study with an IV CEZ dose of 10 mg/kg were modelled simultaneously using NonLinear Mixed-Effect modelling followed by Monte Carlo simulations to establish a rational dosage regimen. A 90% Probability of Target Attainment (PTA) for a PK/PD target of a free plasma concentration exceeding MIC90 (fT > MIC ) for 40% of the dosing interval was set for selecting an effective dosing regimen. The typical half-life of absorption and bioavailability after IM administration were 1.25 h and 96.8%, respectively. A CEZ dosage regimen of 5 mg/kg BW q12h IM administration achieved therapeutic concentrations to control both Streptococcus zooepidemicus and Staphylococcus aureus. For the same dose, the fT > MIC after IM administration was significantly longer than after IV administration, and the IM route should be favoured by clinicians for its efficiency and convenience.
Slow-roll inflation in generalized scalar-torsion gravity

We study the dynamics of inflation in a generalized scalar-torsion gravity scenario by assuming a canonical scalar field non-minimally coupled to torsion with a Galileon-type self-interaction. After obtaining the field equations for a flat FRW background, we derive the second order action for both scalar and tensor perturbations to compute the power spectra of primordial fluctuations. As particular models, we studied at first, a power-law form of coupling function F(x)=1+ξ x2/2, with x≡ ϕ/Mpl, and a monomial scalar field potential V(x)=λ xn/n which is ruled out by current observational data for n⩾ 2. Under slow-roll approximation we obtain analytical expressions for the background as well as perturbative dynamics, and we show that the predictions of the model are consistent with current Planck 2018 constraints on the spectral index ns and the tensor-to-scalar ratio r through the ns−r plane. Accordingly, this model is in agreement with current observational bounds only within the 95% C.L. region in the case of chaotic quadratic inflation (n=2), whereas that for the other monomial potentials such as n=4/3, n=1 and n=2/3, it is found that they are even more favoured, overlapping their results with the 68% C.L. region from last Planck data. Secondly, we studied a model in which the presence of both non-minimal coupling to gravity and the Galileon non-linear self-interaction γ (∂ ϕ)2 □ϕ leads to a suppression of the tensor-to-scalar ratio compared to those predicted in the standard scenario, then predicting 0.024≲ r≲ 0.069. This result allows us to reconcile chaotic quadratic inflation with current Planck data up to the 68% C.L. region. In despite of this, next generation CMB experiments such as BICEP3 or LiteBIRD are expected to put stronger constraints, making possible to either support this model or rule it out.
Factors affecting children’s HPV vaccination in Austria: Evidence from a parent survey

ABSTRACT Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection that causes cervical cancer, head and neck cancer, other urogenital cancers, and genital warts. In Austria, where HPV vaccination is free for children, the vaccination rate nevertheless remains insufficient for herd immunity against HPV. Using a cross-sectional survey of parents (N = 334) in the state of Tyrol, Austria, we examined parents’ reasons for rejecting children’s HPV vaccination and key predictors of vaccination intention for their children, including knowledge about HPV, attitude toward vaccination, sources of information about the HPV vaccine, socioeconomic factors, and HPV vaccination intention. Data analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression modeling revealed an overall 81.9% acceptance rate of HPV vaccination. The most common reasons for vaccine hesitancy were a fear of side effects, a perceived lack of information, and the perception that children are too young to be vaccinated. A high level of knowledge about HPV was significantly associated with vaccine acceptance for female but not male children. Negative attitude toward vaccination was significantly related to lower vaccine acceptance, and parents who reported informing themselves about HPV vaccination from online sources were less likely to accept vaccination. Such results call for more educational measures to reduce misinformation about HPV vaccination and thereby reduce the fear of its side effects and promote early vaccination. More information is also needed to improve parents’ attitude toward and their knowledge about vaccination, the dissemination of which should focus on the benefits of vaccines for children of both sexes.
Management of patients with lymphoma and COVID‐19: Narrative review and evidence‐based practical recommendations

Patients with hematologic malignancies can be immunocompromized because of their disease, anti‐cancer therapy, and concomitant immunosuppressive treatment. Furthermore, these patients are usually older than 60 years and have comorbidities. For all these reasons they are highly vulnerable to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and have an increased risk of developing severe/critical Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) compared to the general population. Although COVID‐19 vaccination has proven effective in reducing the incidence of severe/critical disease, vaccinated patients with lymphoma may not be protected as they often fail to develop a sufficient antiviral immune response. There is therefore an urgent need to address the management of patients with lymphoma and COVID‐19 in the setting of the ongoing pandemic. Passive immunization with monoclonal antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 is a currently available complementary drug strategy to active vaccination for lymphoma patients, while monoclonal antibodies and antiviral drugs (remdesivir, ritonavir‐boosted nirmatrelvir, and molnupiravir) have proven effective in preventing the progression to severe/critical COVID‐19. In this narrative review we present the most recent data documenting the characteristics and outcomes of patients with concomitant lymphoma and COVID‐19. Our ultimate goal is to provide practice‐oriented guidance in the management of these vulnerable patients from diagnosis to treatment and follow‐up of lymphoma. To this purpose, we will first provide an overview of the main data concerning prognostic factors and fatality rate of lymphoma patients who develop COVID‐19; the outcomes of COVID‐19 vaccination will also be addressed. We will then discuss current COVID‐19 prophylaxis and treatment options for lymphoma patients. Finally, based on the literature and our multidisciplinary experience, we will summarize a set of indications on how to manage patients with lymphoma according to COVID‐19 exposure, level of disease severity and former history of infection, as typically encountered in clinical practice.
Current evidence of ultrasound-guided fascial plane blocks for cardiac surgery: a narrative literature review

Fascial plane blocks are useful for multimodal analgesia after cardiac surgery since they can provide effective analgesia without the serious risks associated with conventional techniques such as neuraxial hematoma and pneumothorax. This narrative review covers blocks performed at the parasternal intercostal, interpectoral, pectoserratus, serratus anterior, erector spinae, and retrolaminar planes, which are targets for fascial plane blocks in cardiac surgery. Brief anatomical considerations, mechanisms, and currently available evidence are reviewed. Additionally, recent evidence on fascial plane blocks for subcutaneous-implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation are also reviewed.
Hα3: an Hα imaging survey of HI selected galaxies from ALFALFA - III. Nurture builds up the Hubble sequence in the Great Wall

Context. We present the analysis of Hα3, an Hα narrow-band imaging follow-up survey of galaxies selected from the HI Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey (ALFALFA) in the Coma supercluster. Aims. Taking advantage of Hα3, which provides the complete census of the recent star formation in HI-rich galaxies in the local universe, we explored the hypothesis that a morphological sequence of galaxies of progressively earlier type and lower gas-content exists in the neighborhood of a rich cluster of galaxies such as Coma, with a specific star formation activity that decreases with increasing local galaxy density and velocity dispersion. Methods. By using the Hα hydrogen recombination line as a tracer of the “instantaneous” star formation, complemented with optical colors from SDSS, we investigated the relationships between atomic neutral gas and newly formed stars in different local galaxy density intervals, for many morphological types, and over a wide range of stellar masses (109 to 1011.5 M⊙). Results. In the dwarf regime (8.5 < log (M∗/M⊙) < 9.5) we identify a four-step sequence of galaxies with progressively redder colors (corrected for dust extinction), i.e., of decreasing specific star formation, from (1) HI-rich late-type galaxies (LTGs) belonging to the blue cloud that exhibit extended plus nuclear star formation, (2) ~0.1 mag redder, HI-poor LTGs with nuclear star formation only, (3) ~0.35 mag redder, HI-poor galaxies without either extended or nuclear star formation, but with nuclear post-star-burst (PSB) signature, (4) ~ 0.5 mag redder early-type galaxies (ETGs) that belong to the red sequence, and show no gas or star formation on all scales. Along this sequence the quenching of the star formation proceeds radially outside-in. The progression toward redder colors found along this “morphological” (gas content) sequence is comparable to the one obtained from increasing the local galaxy density, from cosmic filaments (1 2), to the rich clusters (2 3 4). Conclusions. In the dwarf regime we find evidence for an evolution of HI-rich LTGs into ETGs through HI-poor LTGs and PSB galaxies driven by the environment. We identify ram-pressure as the mechanism most likely responsible for this transformation. We conclude that infall of galaxies has proceeded for the last 7.5 Gyr, building up the Coma cluster at a rate of approximately 100 galaxies with log (M∗/M⊙) > 9.0 per Gyr.