Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diversity in Endophyte Populations Reveals Functional and Taxonomic Diversity between Wild and Domesticated Grapevines

Endophytes hold great potential for implementing a more sustainable, bio-based agriculture. Here we investigated the differences among populations of endophytic bacteria isolated from wild and domesticated grapevines to improve our understanding of how agriculture and agro-environment affect endophytic communities. Bacterial isolates from 88 wild and domesticated grapevines that shared the same climate for at least four years were identified and a representative set of 155 strains was characterized for 30 features, including quorum sensing-related, enzyme production, antibiotic resistance, plant growth promotion (PGP), and biocontrol (BiCo) traits. Microbial diversity was greater in wild grapevines (25 genera) than in domesticated grapevines (six genera). Molecular fingerprinting by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis also indicated a greater diversity in wild grapevines. Multivariate analysis of phenotypic traits indicated that strains isolated from wild and cultivated plants often formed distinct clusters, even when they belonged to the same genus. Interestingly, endophytes from domesticated grapevines were more likely to perform well in PGP and BiCo tests than endophytes from wild grapevines, suggesting that the decreased taxonomic diversity in domesticated grapevine microbiota did not correspond to a loss of agriculturally relevant traits.
Low and High Temperatures Enhance Guanylyl Cyclase Activity in Arabidopsis Seedlings

Low and High Temperatures Enhance Guanylyl Cyclase Activity in Arabidopsis Seedlings Guanylyl cyclase system plays a crucial role in intracellular signaling in animals and plants involving cyclic guanosine 3’,5’-monophosphate (cGMP) as a signaling intermediate. cGMP is a well-established intracellular molecule that takes part in diverse physiological processes, biotic and abiotic stress responses in higher plants. We have focused here on participation of cGMP as a secondary messenger in temperature stress-induced pathways and the mechanism of cGMP-mediated signal transduction in Arabidopsis seedlings.
Effects of Tillage and Cropping Systems on Soil Moisture Balance and Pearl Millet Yield

A 2-year study was conducted to determine the effects of tillage and cropping systems on soil moisture balance, growth and yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. ). Three tillage treatments, viz. minimum tillage (one harrowing), conventional tillage (two harrowing, cross) and deep tillage (ploughing followed by two harrowings), and four cropping systems, viz. monoculture of pearl millet, pearl millet-clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. ) rotation, monoculture of pearl millet with 5 t ha -1 farm yard manure (FYM), and intercropping of pearl millet and clusterbean, were compared. Deep tillage improved the soil moisture storage, water use efficiency and grain yield of pearl millet while consumptive use of water was higher with minimum tillage. Total dry matter yield with deep tillage and conventional tillage was 23.2 and 10.2 % higher than minimum tillage in the season 1, and the corresponding values for season 2 were 30.7 and 13.3 %. The Pearl millet-clusterbean rotation and monoculture of pearl millet with the application of 5 t ha -1 FYM gave 17.2 and 61 % higher yield than monoculture of pearl millet, respectively. Maximum water use efficiency was observed in rotation followed by FYM application.
Preparation and Decay of a Single Quantum of Vibration at Ambient Conditions

A single quantum of excitation of a mechanical oscillator is a textbook example of the principles of quantum physics. Mechanical oscillators, despite their pervasive presence in nature and modern technology, do not generically exist in an excited Fock state. In the past few years, careful isolation of GHz-frequency nano-scale oscillators has allowed experimenters to prepare such states at milli-Kelvin temperatures. These developments illustrate the tension between the basic predictions of quantum mechanics that should apply to all mechanical oscillators existing even at ambient conditions, and the complex experiments in extreme conditions required to observe those predictions. We resolve the tension by creating a single Fock state of a vibration mode of a crystal at room temperature using a technique that can be applied to any Raman-active system. After exciting a bulk diamond with a femtosecond laser pulse and detecting a Stokes-shifted photon, the 40~THz Raman-active internal vibrational mode is prepared in the Fock state $|1>$ with $98.5\%$ probability. The vibrational state is read out by a subsequent pulse, which when subjected to a Hanbury-Brown-Twiss intensity correlation measurement reveals the sub-Poisson number statistics of the vibrational mode. By controlling the delay between the two pulses we are able to witness the decay of the vibrational Fock state over its $3.9$ ps lifetime at room temperature. Our technique is agnostic to specific selection rules, and should thus be applicable to any Raman-active medium, opening a new generic approach to the experimental study of quantum effects related to vibrational degrees of freedom in molecules and solid-state systems.
ITS sequencing support for Epicoccum nigrum and Phoma epicoccina being the same biological species.

The phylogenetic relationship between Epicoccum nigrum and Phoma epicoccina has been assessed by means of sequencing of the ITS regions of rDNA. The analysis of the sequences from five isolates of E. nigrum and four of P. epicoccina suggests that both entities represent the same biological species.
Spina Bifida—Management and Outcome

This book, edited by M. Memet Ozek, Giuseppe Cinalli, and Wirginia J. Maixner with 67 contributing authors, represents a multidisciplinary approach to spina bifida. For those radiologists dealing with significant imaging volumes of pediatric spinal cases, the information contained in this 534-page text will be of great interest. The book is well designed and features a great deal of imaging in many chapters, in addition to the chapter by Charles Raybaud on the evaluation of myelomeningocele-Chiari II malformation. What is particularly pleasing about this book is that it first takes the reader through the history of treatments of spina bifida, the embryology of the disorder, and then through the pathologic anatomy of spina bifida. There are excellent histopathologic and gross anatomic specimens and easy-to-understand line drawings. Anyone interested in the underpinnings of this diverse disease will find these chapters of particular interest. After these initial chapters, subsequent sections of the book entail diagnosis, treatment, and patient management including operative considerations and orthopedic, urologic, and psychosocial difficulties. The last section discusses occult spinal dysraphism, including chapters on anterior and lateral meningoceles, spinal lipomas, neurenteric cysts, diastematomyelia, and spinal dermal sinuses. Obviously, all of the entities in this book depend heavily on imaging, so nearly all chapters are laced with appropriate imaging of good or reasonable quality. The imaging per se is not what makes this book of potential value to the neuroradiologist because similar images have appeared in multiple textbooks. Rather, the complementary information and illustrations make the chapters worthwhile, such as imaging taken during endoscopic treatment of hydrocephalus in spina bifida, intraoperative photographs of fetal neurosurgery, the immediate postdelivery appearance of neonates and their neurosurgical assessment, the pathophysiologic process of the associated hydrocephalus, all aspects of surgical management including Chiari II malformation and syringohydromyelia, the tethered cord syndrome, treatment of vertebral deformities and scoliosis, and treatment and surgical considerations in occult spinal bifida. For those wanting a well-rounded (ie, not just imaging) understanding of spina bifida, this book deserves consideration, either for one’s personal library or for a departmental library.
Correlation between fatty acid content and aromatic compound release in fresh blewit (Lepista nuda)

Identification, quantification, and location of fatty acids in the newly cultivated fresh mushroom, Lepista nuda, as well as three aromatic effluents (1-octen-3-ol, 1-octen-3-one, and 3-octanone) from mushroom homogenate, were established. The highest amounts of fatty acids as well as the three aromatic compounds formed and released were encountered in the gills rather than in the pileus or the stipe. Among these components, 1-octen-3-ol (“mushroom alcohol”) was the major aromatic compound trapped, and linoleic acid was the major fatty acid extracted, whatever the morphological tissue considered. Observed results indicate that the gills are the major compartment for the metabolic interconversion of fatty acids into aromatic compounds. Keywords: Lepista nuda; fatty acids; flavor
Sexual dimorphism in a new species of the actinopterygian Peltopleurus from the Triassic of northern Italy

The new species Peltopleurus nuptialis is described on the basis of several well preserved specimens from the uppermost Ladinian Kalkschieferzone of Ca’ del Frate. This new species is characterized by small size and the presence of hook‐like fulcra on all fins except the caudal, and by tubercles on the rostral and nasal bones interpreted as secondary sexual traits. There is also a modified anal fin in supposed males, which probably acted as a gonopodium, pointing to a strong sexual dimorphism. A distinctive morphological variability seems to characterize peltopleurids: a comparison with groups of living fishes also showing morphological plasticity and sexual dimorphism is given in order to hypothesize similar behaviours and adaptations in the fossil forms.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN VEGETATIVE GROWTH, GRAIN YIELD AND GRAIN PROTEIN CONTENT IN SIX WINTER BARLEY CULTIVARS

The relationship between the protein content of grain, plant grain yield and yield components (number of ears per plant, number of grains per ear, and 1000-grain weight) was determined for six cultivars of winter barley, four six-rowed (Hordeum vulgare L.) and two two-rowed (H. distichon L.), grown in Granada (Spain) during 1979, 1980 and 1981. Each cultivar was grown with two levels of nitrogen fertilizer (25 and 40 kg/ha) applied both at seeding and as a top-dressing. Protein content of the grain, grain yield and number of ears per plant varied significantly with genotype, level of nitrogen fertilizer applied at seeding and year. Protein content of the grain was positively correlated with plant grain yield. Both factors were correlated principally with the number of ears per plant, and to a lesser extent with grains per ear and grain weight. The protein content and grain yield depended on the crop dry weight or biomass during the vegetative period (source capacity) which was in turn, related to the leaf.
Comparative antiproliferative activities of wood and seeds essential oils of Juniperus oxycedrus L. against K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells

The species Juniperus oxycedrus L. is a member of Cupressaceae family. The chemical composition and antiproliferative activity of wood and seeds essential oils of J. oxycedrus, grown wild in Lebanon, were evaluated in order to investigate whether these products could be used as sources of functional compounds. The most abundant components of the seeds essential oils were α-pinene, β-myrcene, limonene and δ-cadinene, while wood oil components included δ-cadinene, cis-thujopsene, τ-muurolol, widdrol, epi-cubenol, β-caryophyllene and α-calacorene. Both wood and seeds essential oils inhibited the proliferation of K562 cell line with ic50 values of 39.8±2.7 and 147.7±3.6 μg/mL, respectively. The J. oxycedrus wood oil showed erythroid differentiation of 16.0±2.0% at a concentration of 5 μg/mL, while the seeds essential oil showed erythroid differentiation of 25.0±2.8% at a concentration of 50 μg/mL.
Skeletal ultrastructure and phylogeny of cyclostome bryozoans

Recent research on the ultrastructure of the calcareous skeleton in the bryozoan order Cyclostomata is summarized and updated, based on field emission SEM studies of 87 species. Six fundamental ultrastructural fabrics are recognized which differ in the crystallographic orientations, shapes and prevailing growth directions of the constituent crystallites. During the growth of individual walls a succession of fabrics is secreted, defining a fabric suite. Five fabric suites are described in interior walls and four in exterior walls. Nine ultrastructural characters were combined with 37 other skeletal characters in a PAUP analysis of the relationships between 28 post-Palaeozoic cyclostomes chosen to include representatives of all suborders. A single tree of length 142 steps was found. Comparison of tree statistics for three categories of characters showed ultrastructural characters to be more homoplastic than zooidal characters, and the latter more homoplastic than colonial characters. Rooting the tree on the paleotubuliporine Cuffeyella gave four transitions from fixed- to free-walled organization and no reversals. With respect to the five extant suborders of cyclostomes, this first, preliminary analysis implies that Rectangulata and Cancellata are monophyletic groups, whereas Articulata are diphyletic, and both Tubuliporina and Cerioporina paraphyletic.
Allozyme variation and genetic integrity of Dactylorhiza incarnata (Orchidaceae)

Eleven Danish populations of the diploid Dactylorhiza incarnata s.lat. have been examined for allozyme variation in DIA, PGD, PGI, PGM, SKD, TP1, and UGPP. The results reveal a deficiency of heterozygotes in several populations. Possible reasons for this deficiency are considered. The results also indicate that no genetic barrier seems to prevent gene flow between D. incarnata var. incarnata, var. dunensis, and var. ochrantha — and some indication exists that a considerable amount of gene exchange takes place between sympatric populations of var. incarnata and var. ochrantha. On the other hand, there is no sign of recent introgression between D. incarnata s.lat. and any of the sympatric tetraploid species (D. maculata, D. majalis, D. purpurella s.lat.). It is suggested that knowledge on the various degrees of genetic integrity of morphologically recognizable entities should be elaborated and subsequently utilized for a biosystematic approach to Dactylorhiza.
First data on fecundity of the squid Abralia veranyi (Cephalopoda: Enoploteuthidae)

Investigation of the fecundity in Abralia veranyi from the Mauritanian slope showed that potential fecundity of this species is 10,000–26,000 including 1200–2400 (mean 1900) yolk oocytes and ripe eggs. Up to 1000 ripe eggs of 0.7–0.8×0.8–0.9 mm (mean weight 0.30 mg) were found in oviducts. In mated females there were found 13–226 (mean 71) spermatangia. Spawning is intermittent.
Das “Ökosystem Polsterpflanze”: Recycling und Aircondition

Gemeint sind hier die echten Polsterpflanzen, wie Werner Rauh [5] sie definierte; Pflanzen, die auch im Gewachshaus oder vom Gletscherwasser ins Tiefland verspult, ihren polsterformigen Wuchs beibehalten -also genotypische Polster. Im Gegensatz dazu verlieren von Weidetieren polsterformig „geformte” Pflanzen beim Aussetzen der Beweidung sofort ihre Polsterform: Dies sind von der Umwelt geformte Polster, phanotypische Polster. Auffallig ist, das Polsterpflanzen in windarmen Gegenden, beispielsweise in tropischen Hochgebirgen, weitgehend fehlen. In polaren Regionen sind sie auf der Sudhalbkugel mit den viel hoheren Windgeschwindigkeiten haufiger anzutreffen als im Norden. Unter windarmen Bedingungen uberwiegen die Nachteile des gedrungenen Wuchses dessen Vorteile. Geschlossene Pflanzendecken wie Rasen und Walder entwickeln ublicherweise einen Blattflachenindex von 4 bis 8 m2 Blattflache pro m2 Boden. Polsterpflanzen bringen es auf der von ihnen besetzten Grundflache nur auf einen Blattflachenindex ovn 1 bis maximal 2 m2 pro m2 [2]. Damit sind diese Pflanzen, sobald gunstigere Wachstumsbedingungen herrsche, hoffnungslos unterlegen und werden verdrangt. Die wegen ihrer Symmetrie auffalligsten Polster sind Halbkugelpolster mit einer Pfahlwurzel. deren grune Kuppel sich durch endstandiges Triebwachstum jahrlich nur um wenige Millimeter vergrosert.
Evidence for an Ethylene Requirement to Reduce Soaking Injury in Bean Seeds and the Beneficial Effect of Heavy Metals

The known antagonistic effect of CO 2 on ethylene action and the fact that waterlogging leads to increased ethylene production in plants which apparently contributes to injury of submerged plants led us to suspect ethylene as a causative factor in soaking injury of seeds. This hypothesis was tested in the present study for Phaseolus vulgaris seeds by investigating the effect of the ethylene absorbant Hg(ClO 4 ) 2 and antagonists of ethylene production or action (AVG, NBD, Ag, Ni and Co) on soaking injury, the effect of ethylene and ethrel on soaking injury, and the effect of soaking on ethylene production
Characterization of DNA from the Dinoflagellate Woloszynskia bostoniensis

Some physical and chemical properties of DNA isolated from the dinoflagellate Woloszynskia bostoniensis were determined. Analytical cesium chloride gradient centrifugation gave a major component and a minor component banding at 1.719 and 1.693 g/cm, respectively. Thermal denaturation in 0.1 SSC showed a broad transition with a Tm of 70.5° C. Derivation of this curve indicated that two components were present having Tm values of 66° C and 70° C. Base composition analysis showed a GC content of 48.1% and a high degree of thymine replacement by 5-hydroxymethyluracil. Two minor bases, identified as 5-methylcytosine and N6-methyladenine, were also detected. Reassociation kinetics showed a typical eukaryotic reassociation pattern with 45% repetitive and 55% single copy sequences.
Supernumerary System in Proechimys Iheringi Iheringi (Rodentia, Echimyidae), from the State of São Paulo, Brazil

SUMMARYIn a sample of 13 animals (8 males and 5 females) of the spiny rat Proechimys iheringi theringi from three localities of the State of Sao Paulo (Casa Grande, Ubatuba and Iguape) the diploid numbers were 2n = 61, 62, 63, 64 and 65 chromosomes due to the presence of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 minute supernumerary chromosomes, respectively. G- and C-band patterns, localization of the nucleolus organizer regions (NOR's) and R-banding obtained after 5-BrdUrd incorporation are presented.
Monitoring of the “lichen desert” in the Belgrade area (1980/81, 1991 and 2007)

This paper treats long-term changes in area of the “lichen desert”, i.e., the region characterized (especially in the winter period) by average daily SO2 concentration exceeding 150μg/m3 of air, the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) for populated regions. Comparison of results obtained in 1980/81 and 1991 indicates that the “lichen desert” expanded (from 12 to about 13 km2) as a consequence of deterioration of the air quality in the Belgrade area. Comparing the results obtained in 1991 with investigations carried out in 2007, we found that “lichen desert” shrank substantially in the Belgrade area to a current size of about 11 km2. The new boundaries of the “lichen desert” are presented, together with the main reasons for its shrinkage in the Belgrade area during the last 16 years and predictions of further alterations in the future.
Grey seal, Halichoerus grypus, energetics: females invest more in male offspring

Grey seal females transfer large amounts of energy to their pups during the brief lactation period. The costs of lactation have been measured using weight changes of mother and pup pairs. Large females come ashore to give birth earlier in the season and lose weight more rapidly than smaller females. The sex ratio of Grey seal pups born is skewed towards males in the early part of the breeding season. Male pups are larger at birth and gain weight more rapidly than female pups, and their mothers show a correspondingly faster rate of weight loss than mothers of female pups. The energy costs of gestation and lactation to a Grey seal mother are 31 GJ for male pups and2–8 GJ for female pups. Males are therefore 10% more costly in energy terms to raise to weaning. Because, on average, large females arrive at breeding sites before smaller animals, biased results on weight changes would be obtained from methods which do not use repeated weighings. We suggest that the high efficiencies of lactation estimated for Harp seals compared with other phocid seals could be accounted for by such a bias.
Involvement of Type V Collagen in Softening of Fish Muscle during Short-Term Chilled Storage

Type V collagen became solubilized in softened sardine muscle after 1 day of chilled storage with the concomitant weakening of pericellular connective tissue induced by disintegration of thin collagen fibrils. However, no significant changes were observed in the structure of interstitial connective tissue or biochemical properties of type I collagen. Z disk in myofibrils showed structural changes, but no significant loss of longitudinal continuity of myofibrils was observed even at the deteriorated Z disk from the muscle destroyed by compression test. On the other hand, tiger puffer muscle did not show significant softening during the storage, with no significant changes in structure of connective tissues and biochemical properties of collagens. These facts suggest that degradation of type V collagen causes disintegration of the thin collagen fibrils in pericellular connective tissue, weakening pericellular connective tissue and resulting in postharvest softening. Keywords: Collagen; postharvest storage; .
Some measurements of evaporation in a field of barley

SUMMARY A project has been initiated to study the growth of barley under conditions of partial drought. The method of producing the drought and comparisons of measurements of evaporation using lysimeters and neutron moisture meters are discussed. Good agreement was obtained between the lysimeter and neutron probes in the lysimeter tank and in the field. In the plots subjected to drought the evaporation was reduced by approximately the amount of rain prevented from falling on the plots and, as a result, the reduction in soil moisture deficit was quite small. Estimates of internal diffusion resistance are made throughout a full season.