Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Higgs production at the FCC-ee in the missing energy channel

The discovery of the Higgs boson in July 2012 by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations opened new doors for the search for physics beyond the Standard Model. In particular, the presence of new particles and interactions might be deduced indirectly via precision measurements. One way to conduct these precise measurements is with a circular e+e􀀀-collider. The Future Circular Collider (FCC) design study has made a great effort over the past few years in investigating a promising example of such a collider and its discovery potential. The two most important processes for Higgs production at these colliders are Higgsstrahlung and vector boson fusion. The corresponding cross sections can be measured in the missing energy channel ((H ! b b)). In this work the effect of detector parameters on the precision with which V BF+HZ(V BF ) BR(H ! bb) at p s =240 (350) GeV can be measured in this channel is studied. The ILD, a detector specifically designed for a e+e􀀀-collider, is compared to several variations of the CMS detector and shows an increase in precision ranging from 20-100%. The tracker radius, the tracker efficiency and the energy resolution of the hadronic calorimeter are identified as important parameters for a precise measurement. These results can be helpful for the efficient design of a detector at a future e+e􀀀-collider.
How attachment styles predict changes in sexual desire: A study of sexual dynamics in COVID-19

Abstract:The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching impacts on many aspects of life, including sexual behaviours and preferences. In this longitudinal study, the authors used attachment theory to investigate changes in an individual's sexual desire for their partner as well as changes in their sexual desire for someone other than their primary romantic partner (extradyadic desire) over the first wave of the pandemic in Canada. Based on past research that has shown that avoidant individuals tend to avoid intimacy, the authors reasoned that increased contact with their romantic partner due to physical distancing guidelines and lockdown rules would contribute to avoidant individuals' experiencing less sexual desire for their partner and greater extradyadic desire over time. In contrast, individuals high on attachment anxiety tend to seek proximity, especially during times of stress. The authors predicted that individuals' sexual desire for their partner would increase and their extradyadic desire would decrease. They tested these hypotheses using a cohabiting, dyadic sample (N = 308 individuals); study participants were contacted at 1-month intervals for three successive months and asked to complete an online survey. Our hypotheses were partially supported. As predicted, individuals high on attachment avoidance experienced higher levels of extradyadic desire, and individuals high on attachment anxiety reported lower extradyadic desire over time. Contrary to predictions, however, neither attachment pattern was associated with changes in sexual desire for the partner. The authors examine the theoretical implications of these findings, highlighting the need for a more fine-grained assessment of stress and the interaction between stress and attachment orientations in future research.
“Disability is Something You Can be Proud Of”: College Student Activists Claiming Disability Identities and Creating Cross-disability Communities

Abstract:We explored how students engaged in disability leadership and activism changed their understandings of disability and the implications of those changes. Disability has multiple and contested definitions; understanding how students construct disabled identities individually and collectively will help higher education professionals foster disabled students’ development of affirmative, collective, and politicized identities for themselves and for disabled people generally as well as guide disabled students to engage in more effective social change efforts. Significant catalysts of students’ affirmative disability identity development include gaining disability content knowledge, experiencing disability community, rejecting internalized ableism, and experiencing disability through minoritized identities. One notable consequence of this development is these students’ shift from identifying themselves with diagnosis-specific labels to identifying as disabled and recognizing that term as encompassing all forms of disability. Additionally, they were better able to label and address ableism, and they expressed the need to engage in cross-disability collective activism. Implications call for professionals in higher education to provide exposure to multiple models of disability, support the development of disability community, and help disabled students recognize the implications of their intersecting identities.
New Saturated Delayed Control for a Chain of Integrators with Nonlinear Terms

This paper investigates the saturated delayed stabilization of a chain of integrators with higher‐order nonlinear terms. With the aid of a recent state transformation, the system is transformed into a canonical form in which time delay appears in both input and states. As a result, natural cancellations can be fully used in the saturation reduction analysis, and fewer terms need to be estimated in the asymptotical stability analysis of the reduced system. In addition, a single tuneable parameter is introduced to the special state transformation, which facilitates compensating an arbitrarily large input‐delay. As an example, a simplified inertia wheel pendulum system is provided with an explicit controller and numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested controller.
An Approximation to a Bayesian Detection Statistic for Continuous Gravitational Waves.

This work concerns Bayesian detection statistics in targeted searches for continuous gravitational waves (GWs). The parameter space for continuous GWs can be divided into 2 groups: amplitude parameters which control the signal strength and phase-evolution parameters which determine its time evolution. A common issue in these searches is dealing with these amplitude parameters which do not a ect the phase evolution of the system. The F-statistic maximizes the likelihood function of the data analytically over these parameters, while the B-statistic marginalizes over them. The B-statistic, while potentially more powerful and capable of incorporating astrophysical priors, is not used because of the computational di culty of performing the marginalization. Here we present an approximation to the B-statistic obtained via a Taylor expansion of the marginalization integrand in powers of two of the smaller components of the amplitude metric. We show that our approximation is valid both in the asymptotic limits of the parameters as well as for speci c choices of prior distributions. In addition, we use Monte Carlo simulations to show that our approximation is comparable to the exact B-statistic and gives similar detection probabilities.
The Reliability of Delphi Surveys and Benefit Transfer to Predict Outcomes of Contingent Valuation Surveys

Benefit transfer (BT) and valuation experts’ assessments in Delphi contingent valuation (CV) surveys have been used as an alternative to prohibitively expensive worldwide CV surveys to obtain estimates of total nonuse values of global public goods. We test the reliability of international BT and Delphi CV estimates by comparing them to a population CV survey of Norwegian households’ willingness to pay (WTP) for Amazon rainforest preservation plans. The Delphi CV method predicts WTP and scope effects in line with conventional BT, motivating further testing of the Delphi CV method as a time- and cost-saving way of valuing global public goods.
Sexual health and quality-of-life concerns of cervical dysplasia treatments: Review

Abstract:Thorough investigations have defined underlying disease mechanisms, determining effective cervical dysplasia (CD) treatments. Previous work has assessed the effects of different treatments on women's sexual health. Recently however, several published studies have expanded the scope of findings, revealing the need for an updated examination and integration of knowledge to appropriately contextualize this clinical approach within sexual medicine and women's healthcare. A review of relevant literature was completed. The findings indicate that treatments for CD may be correlated with sexual issues such as decreased interest and sexual functioning, and decreased QoL including psychosocial elements like anxiety. Methodological variations used to investigate different CD treatment outcomes were observed and should be streamlined to facilitate comparison in future studies. There is a need for additional research into alternative non-surgical CD treatments which could mitigate unintended outcomes, and consideration should be given to accessibility of these treatments across different regions in Canada.
Artificial Intelligence in Landscape Architecture

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly common in landscape architecture. New methods and applications are proliferating yearly and are being touted as viable tools for research and practice. While researchers have conducted assessments of the state of AI-driven research and practice in allied disciplines, there is a knowledge gap for the same in landscape architecture. This literature review addresses this gap by searching and evaluating studies specifically focused on AI and disciplinary umbrella terms (landscape architecture, landscape planning, and landscape design). It includes searches of academic databases and industry publications that combine these umbrella terms with the main subfields of artificial intelligence as a discipline (machine learning, knowledge-based systems, computer vision, robotics, natural language processing, optimization). Initial searches returned over 600 articles, which were then filtered for relevance, resulting in about 100 articles that were reviewed in depth. The work highlights trends in dissemination, synthesizes emergent AI-Landscape (AI-LA) themes, and argues for unifying dissemination and compilation in research and practice so as not to lose relevant AI-LA knowledge and be caught off guard in the built environment profession’s next technological leap.
Degenerations, theta functions and geometric quantization in mirror symmetry

We discuss various topics on degenerations and special Lagrangian torus fibrations of Calabi-Yau manifolds in the context of mirror symmetry. A particular emphasis is on Tyurin degenerations and the Doran-Harder-Thompson conjecture, which builds a bridge between mirror symmetry for Calabi-Yau manifolds and that for quasi-Fano manifolds. The proof of the conjecture is of interest in its own right and leads us to a few other related topics such as SYZ mirror symmetry, theta functions and geometric quantization. Inspired by the conjecture, we also propose a new construction of Landau-Ginzburg models by splitting Calabi-Yau fibrations.
Study on factors affecting the droplet temperature in plasma MIG welding process

In the present study, the mechanism to control droplet temperature in the plasma MIG welding was discussed based on the measurements of the droplet temperature for a wide range of MIG currents with different plasma electrode diameters. The measurements of the droplet temperatures were conducted using a two color temperature measurement method. The droplet temperatures in the plasma MIG welding were then compared with those in the conventional MIG welding. As a result, the droplet temperature in the plasma MIG welding was found to be reduced in comparison with the conventional MIG welding under the same MIG current. Especially when the small plasma electrode diameter was used, the decrease in the droplet temperature reached maximally 500 K. Also, for a particular WFS, the droplet temperatures in the plasma MIG welding were lower than those in the conventional MIG welding. It is suggested that the use of plasma contributes to reducing the local heat input into the base metal by the droplet. The presence of the plasma surrounding the wire is considered to increase the electron density in its vicinity, resulting in the arc attachment expanding upwards along the wire surface to disperse the MIG current. This dispersion of MIG current causes a decrease in current density on the droplet surface, lowering the droplet temperature. Furthermore, dispersed MIG current also weakens the electromagnetic pinch force acting on the neck of the wire above the droplet. This leads to a larger droplet diameter with increased surface area through lower frequency of droplet detachment to decrease the MIG current density on the droplet surface, as compared to the conventional MIG welding at the same MIG current. Thus, the lower droplet temperature is caused by the reduction of heat flux into the droplet. Consequently, the mechanism to control droplet temperature in the plasma MIG welding was clarified.
From Secrecy to Public Containment: The Role of Hybrid Spaces in the Governance of Nuclear Crises in France

Abstract:How do some large-scale adverse events receive major media coverage and become crises for public actors while others are treated as routine events? This article reinvestigates this question based on a case study of the media treatment in France of the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents. Drawing on an original set of media data and an ethnographic study, the article shows how both accidents were subject to forms of opacity that limit their effects on nuclear institutions: Chernobyl has been treated through secrecy that leads to contestation of nuclear institutions, whereas Fukushima has been characterized by "public containment," relying on extensive publication but low-priority and uncontroversial narratives that do not reflect the stakes of a given policy field. This paper explains the role of Fukushima in France through institutional transformations that public actors engaged in following Chernobyl to reestablish the credibility of public information sources and to monitor public debates over nuclear accidents by developing "hybrid" spaces, located at the interface of organizational frontstages and backstages. This case shows how responding to transparency demands may sometimes create new forms of opacity by reducing the epistemic quality of public debates while containing political crises.
The Effect of the Language of Instruction on Primary Students’ Performance: Evidence From Gulf States

Abstract:We explore the impact of the language of instruction on academic performance of Arabic-speaking students who are expected to learn mathematics and science in and through a second language (L2). Using as a theoretical background Cummins’s (1984) framework relating language proficiency to academic achievement, we provide some insights into the relationship between native language, second language proficiency, and academic achievement in mathematics and science among students whose “mother tongue” is Arabic. We employ a propensity score technique and use TIMSS 2019 standardized tests to explain the differences in achievement in mathematics and science between two groups of young children living in an Arabic dialect–dominated environment who get instruction in English and who receive instruction in classical Arabic. Our findings highlight that the language of instruction accounts for the variations in performance.
Semi-parametric generalized log-gamma regression models

CARDOZO, C.A. Semi-parametric generalized log-gamma regression models. 2017. Theses (Ph.D.) Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sao Paulo, SP, 2017. The central objective of this work is to develop statistical tools for semiparametric regression models with generalized log-gamma errors under the presence of censored and uncensored observations. The estimates of the parameters are obtained through the multivariate version of Newton-Raphson algorithm and an adequate combination of Fisher Scoring and Backffitting algorithms. Through analytical tools and using simulations the properties of the penalized maximum likelihood estimators are studied. Some diagnostic techniques such as quantile and deviance-type residuals as well as local influence measures are derived. The methodologies are implemented in the statistical computational environment R. The package sglg is developed. Finally, we give some applications of the models to real data.
Analysis of near‐surface biases in ERA‐Interim over the Canadian Prairies

We quantify the biases in the diurnal cycle of temperature in ERA‐Interim for both warm and cold season using hourly climate station data for four stations in Saskatchewan from 1979 to 2006. The warm season biases increase as opaque cloud cover decreases, and change substantially from April to October. The bias in mean temperature increases almost monotonically from small negative values in April to small positive values in the fall. Under clear skies, the bias in maximum temperature is of the order of −1°C in June and July, and −2°C in spring and fall; while the bias in minimum temperature increases almost monotonically from +1°C in spring to +2.5°C in October. The bias in the diurnal temperature range falls under clear skies from −2.5°C in spring to −5°C in fall. The cold season biases with surface snow have a different structure. The biases in maximum, mean and minimum temperature with a stable BL reach +1°C, +2.6°C and +3°C respectively in January under clear skies. The cold season bias in diurnal range increases from about −1.8°C in the fall to positive values in March. These diurnal biases in 2 m temperature and their seasonal trends are consistent with a high bias in both the diurnal and seasonal amplitude of the model ground heat flux, and a warm season daytime bias resulting from the model fixed leaf area index. Our results can be used as bias corrections in agricultural modeling that use these reanalysis data, and also as a framework for understanding model biases.
Remarks on the Final-over-Final Condition: A View from Chinese Head-Final Structures

Abstract The paper discusses the universality of the final-over-final condition (FOFC). It has been proposed that sentence-final particles (SFPs) in Chinese may invalidate the universality of FOFC. This paper argues that the challenge from SFPs is inconclusive since the evidence for the head status of SFPs is lacking. On the other hand, the leftward complement of N0 in Chinese (Huang 2016) poses a greater threat to FOFC. However, it is argued that the violation is caused by a language-particular word order constraint due to Case directionality (Li 1990). Relating the syntactic FOFC violation to the word order constraint in compounds, it is proposed that FOFC may be understood as an instance of the shape conservation principle (Williams 2003), where the language-particular constraint is satisfied at the expense of a minimal violation of the universal condition.
Virtual source for Lommel–Gauss beams

We introduce a group of virtual sources for generating Lommel–Gauss beams based on beam superposition to analyze nonparaxial propagation. We typically derive the paraxial approximation and integral representations of the nth-order Lommel–Gauss beams. The first three orders of the nonparaxial corrections for the on-axis field of the Lommel–Gauss beams are analytically obtained. The on-axis intensity distribution of the corresponding nonparaxial corrections is also provided.
Development and validation of a dynamic nomogram based on conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound for stratifying the risk of central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma preoperatively

Purpose The aim of this study was to develop and validate a dynamic nomogram by combining conventional ultrasound (US) and contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) to preoperatively evaluate the probability of central lymph node metastases (CLNMs) for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods A total of 216 patients with PTC confirmed pathologically were included in this retrospective and prospective study, and they were divided into the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Each cohort was divided into the CLNM (+) and CLNM (−) groups. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression method was applied to select the most useful predictive features for CLNM in the training cohort, and these features were incorporated into a multivariate logistic regression analysis to develop the nomogram. The nomogram’s discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness were assessed in the training and validation cohorts. Results In the training and validation cohorts, the dynamic nomogram (https://clnmpredictionmodel.shinyapps.io/PTCCLNM/) had an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.844 (95% CI, 0.755–0.905) and 0.827 (95% CI, 0.747–0.906), respectively. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test and calibration curve showed that the nomogram had good calibration (p = 0.385, p = 0.285). Decision curve analysis (DCA) showed that the nomogram has more predictive value of CLNM than US or CEUS features alone in a wide range of high-risk threshold. A Nomo-score of 0.428 as the cutoff value had a good performance to stratify high-risk and low-risk groups. Conclusion A dynamic nomogram combining US and CEUS features can be applied to risk stratification of CLNM in patients with PTC in clinical practice.
Superconvergence of the semi-discrete local discontinuous Galerkin method for nonlinear KdV-type problems

In this paper, we present and analyze a superconvergent local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) scheme for the numerical solution of nonlinear KdV-type partial differential equations. Optimal a priori error estimates for the LDG solution and for the two auxiliary variables that approximate the first-and second-order derivative are derived in the L2-norm for the semi-discrete formulation. The order of convergence is proved to be p+1, when piecewise polynomials of degree at most p are used. We further prove that the derivative of the LDG solution is superconvergent with order p+1 towards the derivative of a special projection of the exact solution. We use this results to prove that the LDG solution is superconvergent with order p+3/2 toward a special Gauss-Radau projection of the exact solution. Finally, several numerical examples are given to validate the theoretical results. Our proofs are valid for arbitrary regular meshes using Pp polynomials with p≥1 and under the condition that |f'(u)| possesses a uniform positive lower bound, where f(u) is the nonlinear flux function. Our experiments demonstrate that our results hold true for KdV equations with general flux functions.