Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing potential germination period of weeds with base temperatures and base water potentials

Summary Seed germination partly depends on both base temperature (Tb) and base water potential (Ψb), which currently are known only for a small number of species. Laboratory experiments were conducted to estimate these parameters for 14 weed species using the ‘x-intercept’ method. Tb and Ψb (°C and MPa) for the 14 weed species were as follows: Amaranthus retroflexus (8.9 and −0.95), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (3.6 and −1.28), Avena fatua (2.2 and −1.02), Capsella bursa-pastoris (4.5 and −0.95), Chenopodium album (5.9 and −0.80), Echinochloa crus-galli (6.2 and −1.19), Geranium dissectum (0.6 and −3.31), Matricaria perforata (2.0 and −0.75), Picris echioides (5.2 and −0.79), Polygonum lapathifolium (5.8 and −1.55), Senecio vulgaris (2.5 and −1.23), Setaria pumila (8.6 and −0.75), Solanum nigrum (11.6 and −0.89) and Veronica hederifolia (0.2 and −1.67). The two parameters were used to determine potential germination times during expected non-dormancy periods for three contrasting climatic years in Dijon, France. The number of potential germination days varied little among the tested climatic years, but substantially among species, ranging from 95 ± 9 days for V. hederifolia to 280 ± 7 days for M. perforata. These results may be of value for development of predictive growth models and understanding times when weed control may be most feasible.
Incidence of Aeromonas hydrophila in fresh water fish (Tilapia niloticus) and ready to eat fried fish in Assiut city.

ددع يلع ةساردلا هذه تيرجا 80 ةنيع , عقاوب 50 جزاطلا يلينلا يطلبلا كامسا نم ةنيع و 30 لكلال ةزهجملا كامسلاا نم ةنيع . ذفانمو كمسلا قاوسا نم تانيعلا هذه تعمج ثيح اهصحفل كلذو طويسا ةنيدم يف ةدوجوملا معاطملا نم ددع كلذكو ةفلتخملا ةيلحملا عيبلا ةقيرط عابتاب سانوموريلاا تابوركيم ةعومجمل يلكلا ددعلا يلع فرعتلاو ايرهاظ يحطسلاراشتنلاا . ناو يمدلاا كلأهتسلال ايرهاظ تانيعلا هذه ةيحلأص ةساردلا نم نيبت دقلو 24 ةنيع ( 48 % ) و 3 تانيع ( 10 % ) لكلال ةزهجملا كامسلااو يلينلا يطلبلا كامسا نم تناك تابوركيملا ددع تاطسوتم ناو سانوموريلأا تابوركيم يلع يوتحت 3.7 x 10 و 1.9 x 10 يلاوتلا يلع مارج لكل . لزع مت هساردلا هذه يفو 30 ةرتع ( 60 % ) نم ةبذعلا ةايملا كامسا ( يلينلا يطلبلا ) يليام ةبترلا يوتسم يلا تزيم 16 ( 53.33 ) سانوموريا لايفورديه , 9 ( 30 % ) يفاك سانوموريا , 5 ( 16.67 % ) ايربوس سانوموريا . اذكو 16 ةرتع ( 35.33 % ) يلا تارتعلا هذه تزيمو لكلال ةزهجملا كامسلاا نم 7 ( 43.75 % ) سانوموريا يفاك , 5 ( 31.25 % ) ايربوس سانوموريا , 4 ( 25 % ) ةسارد مت دقلو لايفورديه سانوموريا تارتعلا هذهل يميزنلاا طاشنلا نم ضعب . هذهل ةيحصلا ةيمهلاا ةشقانم تمت دقو اذه اهرفاوت بجي يتلا ةحرتقملا قرطلا كلذك ةماعلا ةحصلا يلع اهتروطخ يدمو تابوركيملا ةروطخلا هذه نم دحلل .
Association of Pedicel Length and Diameter with Fruit Length and Diameter and Ease of Fruit Detachment in Pepper

Genetic correlations for pedicel length and diameter, fruit length and diameter, and fruit detachment force (FDF) were determined in three pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) families from crosses of ‘Serrano Chili’ (low FDF) with three cultivars (‘Anaheim Chili’, ‘Keystone Resistant Giant’, and ‘Red Cherry Small’) characterized by high FDF and different fruit characteristics. Pedicel and fruit length means of F1 generations were nearly intermediate, while pedicel and fruit diameter means were shifted toward ‘Serrano Chili’. Progeny distributions in F2 generations were continuous and F2 means slightly less than the F1 means. Generation mean analyses indicated gene effects for pedicel and fruit length to be mostly additive. Gene effects for pedicel and fruit diameter were also mostly additive. Pedicel length was positively correlated genetically with fruit length, and pedicel diameter was positively correlated with fruit diameter. FDF means were positively correlated with pedicel and fruit length and diameter in most segregating generations. In BCP2 (‘Serrano Chili’ × ‘Red Cherry Small’), FDF was negatively correlated with pedicel and fruit length. Pendant fruit in BCP2 (‘Serrano Chili’ × ‘Red Cherry Small’) were longer and narrower than upright fruit and FDF decreased with increased length of both pedicel and fruit. Pepper fruit do not have an abscission layer in pedicels as do tomatoes (Villalon and Bryan, 1970), and pedicel attachment is very strong in cultivars with large fruit. Oftentimes, there is tearing of the pedicel and considerable stem breakage even in hand-harvesting. The deciduous character that controls fruit separation from the calyx (Smith, 1951) would be undesirable because fruit would fall to the ground. The gene also causes fruit
Characterization of ecosystem responses to climatic controls using artificial neural networks

Understanding and modeling ecosystem responses to their climatic controls is one of the major challenges for predicting the effects of global change. Usually, the responses are implemented in models as parameterized functional relationships of a fixed type. In contrast, the inductive approach presented here based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) allows the relationships to be extracted directly from the data. It has been developed to explore large, fragmentary, noisy, and multidimensional datasets, such as the carbon fluxes measured at the ecosystem level with the eddy covariance technique. To illustrate this, our approach has been systematically applied to the daytime carbon flux dataset of the deciduous broadleaf forest Hainich in Germany. The total explainable variability of the half‐hourly carbon fluxes from the driving climatic variables was 93.1%, showing the excellent data mining capability of the ANNs. Total photosynthetic photon flux density was identified as the dominant control of the daytime response, followed by the diffuse radiation. The vapor pressure deficit was the most important nonradiative control. From the ANNs, we were also able to deduce and visualize the dependencies and sensitivities of the response to its climatic controls. With respect to diffuse radiation, the daytime carbon response showed no saturation and the light use efficiency was three times greater for diffuse compared with direct radiation. However, with less potential radiation reaching the forest, the overall effect of diffuse radiation was slightly negative. The optimum uptake of carbon occurred at diffuse fractions between 30% and 40%. By identifying the hierarchy of the climatic controls of the ecosystem response as well as their multidimensional functional relationships, our inductive approach offers a direct interface to the data. This provides instant insight in the underlying ecosystem physiology and links the observational relationships to their representation in the modeling world.
Evolutionary relationships of stonechats and related species inferred from mitochondrial-DNA sequences and genomic fingerprinting

© British Birds 95 • July 2002 • 349-355 ABSTRACT Sequence data of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and genomic fingerprinting provide good evidence that the geographically separated taxa of the Common Stonechat Saxicola torquata complex represent distinct genetic lineages, which became separated more than one million years ago.The distinct genetic pattern implies that hybridisation and gene flow between these lineages no longer takes place to a significant degree. Since these lineages also differ in morphology, breeding behaviour, vocalisations and physiological control of their annual cycles, we suggest treating European Stonechat S. torquata,African Stonechat S. [t. ] axillaris, Reunion Stonechat S. [t. ] tectes, Canary Islands Stonechat S. dacotiae and Siberian Stonechat S. [t. ] maura as ‘good’ and distinct species. Evolutionary relationships of stonechats and related species inferred from mitochondrial-DNA sequences and genomic fingerprinting
Análisis del manejo de la oveja de raza castellana

Se estudia el manejo de la oveja de raza Castellana mediante encuestas a ganaderos en la provincia de Valladolid. Existe un importante envejecimiento de los ganaderos y se esta produciendo un cambio de la base genetica por cruzamiento con razas extranjeras (Assaf) productoras de leche. Hay escasa variacion en las pautas de manejo a pesar de que dichas razas son mas exigentes que las autoctonas.
Evaluation of bruises as an animal welfare indicator during pre-slaughter of beef cattle ¤

Summary Objective: To evaluate and characterize the bruises occurring during the pre-slaughter of beef cattle in a commercial slaughterhouse, and to identify the risk factors involved. Methods: a cross sectionalstudy was conducted on 2,288 carcasses evaluating transport conditions, animal characteristics, severity, extent, and location of the bruises to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors. Results: The bruising prevalence was 84.3%. Sex, weight, stocking density and lairage time were associated with the presence of bruising (p 0.005). Conclusions: results suggest that animal welfare conditions of the evaluated cattle are deficient. Several factors should be improved, such as: training the staff, reducing the lairage time, preventive maintenance for equipment, specialized transportation, sanitary design strategies, and divulgation of sanitary laws, among others.
Subcellular Metabolite Concentrations

Mitochondrial and cytosolic contents of adenine nucleotides and phosphate were measured in perfused rat livers empolying a technique of fractionation of freeze-fixated tissue in non-aqueous solvents. From the subcellular contents the mitochondrial and cytosolic concentrations of ATP. ADP, AMP and phosphate and the phosphorylation potentials of the subcellular ATP systems were calculated. An attempt was made to elucidate the relationship between mitochnodrial and cytosolic adenine nucleoide systmes and the dependency on the metabolic state of the liver. The following results were obtaines. 1 Under all mtabolic conditions studied the mitochnodrial ATP/ADP ratios were considerably lower than the cytosolic ratios (mitochondria: 0.1–0.7); cytosol: 2–11). 2 The ATP/ADP ratios calculated from overall tissue contents refflect mainly the cytosolic rations. 3 An inverse relationship was found between mitochondrial and cytosilic ATP/ADP ratios, i.e. when the mitchondrial ratios tended to increase, the cytosolic ratios decrease and vice versa. 4 The phosphorylation potentials calculated from the subcellular concertratopms were higher in the cytosol that in the mitochondria. The potential difference varied between 11 and 3 kJ/mol in livers from fed and starved rats, respectively. 5 In the presence of mitochondrial inhibitors, i.e. amytal, dinitrophenol and carboxyatractyloside the potential difference between the subcellular ATP systems decreased predominantly due to an increase in the mitocnodrial ATP/ADP ratios. 6 A correlation between mitochondrial ATP/ADP ratios and the respiratory rates was not obsrved, but the subcellular ratios appeared to correlate with the rate of glycolysi. When the rate of lactate + pyruvate production was increased, the cytosolic ATP/ ADP ratios were increased, too, wheres the mitochondrial ratios tended to decrease. 7 The adenine nucleotides in the cytosol appear to be in near equilibrium catalysed by the adenylate kinase. In the mitochondria, the AMP concentration is much lowe than to be expected under equilibrium conditions. These results were discussed with respect to rate control of processes involved in ATP generation, i.e. Oxidative phosphorylation, adenine nucleotide translocation and glycolysis.
Strawberry Nursery Soil Fumigation and Runner Plant Production

Three preplant soil humigation treatments were applied on 5 Apr. 1993 to a nursery site that had not been planted previously to strawberries (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.): 1) a mixture of 67 methyl bromide: 33 chloropicrin (CP) (by weight, 392 kg.ha -1 ) (MBCP); 2) 140 kg CP/ha; and 3) nonfumigation (NF). On 26 Apr., cold-stored «Chandler» and «Selva» strawberry plants of registered stock were established in each treatment. Soil and root/crown disease symptoms were absent in all treatments during the course of the study. In October, runner plants were machine-harvested and graded to commercial standards. The cultivars produced a similar number of runners per mother plant. Fumigation with MBCP, CP, and NF resulted in 18.56, 15.75, and 7.89 runners per mother plant, respectively. For «Selva», runner root and crown dry weights were similar for the MBCP and CP treatments, but NF resulted in significant reductions compared to the other two treatments. For «Chandler», fumigation with CP resulted in reduced root dry weight, and NF resulted in reduced crown and root dry weights compared to fumigation with MBCP. The results demonstrate the marked decreases in strawberry runner production and runner size that can occur in the absence of preplant soil fumigation, even on new strawberry ground. Also, small, but significant, reductions in runner production and runner size may occur with CP applied at a rate of 140 kg.ha -1 compared to standard fumigation with MBCP. Chemical name used: trichloronitrometHane (chloropicrin)
Influence of Training System on the Reproductive Development and Hormonal Levels of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo

Grapevine training systems affect fruit composition due to the effects of microclimate on fruit ripening. However, recent studies have shown that hormone levels (especially polyamines) have an essential role in grapevine floral initiation and fruit set. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of two training systems on grapevine leaf physiology and hormone concentrations (abscisic acid and polyamines) and their relationships with yield and fruit quality in Tempranillo grapevines grown under field conditions. Leaf water status, leaf gas exchange, berry respiration, polyamines in leaves, flowers, and berries, abscisic acid in flowers and berries, and yield and fruit composition at harvest were measured in cordon- and head-trained vines. All measurements were made at four developmental stages: flowering, green berry, veraison, and end of ripening (harvest). Head-trained vines had higher CO 2 assimilation rate and stomatal conductance than cordon-trained vines at the end of the reproductive cycle (veraison and harvest). Head-trained berries also had higher total polyamine content and free-to-bound polyamine ratio than cordon-trained vines at veraison and harvest. Abscisic acid in berries showed an increase at veraison in both training systems and was higher in head-trained vines than in cordon-trained vines. Head-trained vines had lower yields but higher fruit quality at harvest, mainly due to a higher total soluble solids (Brix). Results indicated that training system particularly affected the hormonal content of berries, which may have affected yield and fruit composition.
Caracterización de canales y de carne de bovino de animales engordados en la zona centro de Sonora

The purpose of the present study was to characterize and compare bovine cattle slaughtered in Sonora relative to carcass physico-chemical, morphometric and yield characteristics. One hundred and sixty one (161) carcasses from steers and heifers of native cattle from two producers (A, B) were assessed, showing differences (P<0.05) for live, hot and cold weights, being higher for B, as well as yield (more than 60 %).
BIOLOGÍA REPRODUCTIVA Y ECOLOGÍA DE LA POLINIZACIÓN DE LA PALMA MILPESOS OENOCARPUS BATAUA EN LOS ANDES COLOMBIANOS

Entre agosto de 2005 y julio de 2006 estudiamos la fenologia, la biologia floral y el sistema reproductivo de una poblacion de Oenocarpus bataua (Palmae) en los Andes colombianos. Evaluamos el sistema de polinizacion y determinamos la abundancia, el comportamiento y la eficiencia de los polinizadores. La poblacion florecio a lo largo del ano con un pico entre diciembre y enero. Cada inflorescencia pasa por una fase masculina, una intermedia no reproductiva y una fase femenina. La antesis ocurre en la noche, con produccion de aromas y aumento en la temperatura de las inflorescencias. Durante la fase masculina la temperatura de la inflorescencia fue 5.8 oC, mayor que la temperatura ambiental y mayor que el aumento de la temperatura en la fase femenina 4.2 oC. El aroma floral esta compuesto predominantemente por α-gurjuneno, ciclozativeno y trans-cariofileno. Las flores fueron visitadas por 81 especies de artropodos, principalmente de Coleopteros. Las inflorescencias en fase masculina son visitadas en busca de alimento (polen, tejidos vegetales, presa) y lugar para apareamiento. Las flores femeninas no ofrecen recompensas y atraen a los polinizadores por mimetismo quimico. La similitud entre los compuestos quimicos del aroma de las inflorescencias en fase masculina y femenina de O. bataua es alta (92%), como ocurre en otras especies de palmas. O. bataua es monoica, xenogamica, autoincompatible y dicogamica con protandria marcada. No encontramos evidencia de transporte de polen a grandes distancias por el viento y al parecer la polinizacion es principalmente por Coleopteros. Las siguientes especies fueron los polinizadores mas efectivos, Baridinae Gen 4, sp. 1, Phyllotrox sp. 35, Anchylorhynchus sp. 2, Anchylorhynchus tricarinatus (Curculionidae) y Mystrops sp. 1 (Nitidulidae), los cuales son responsables del 97 % del flujo de polen entre inflorescencias. La dependencia mutua, el grado de interrelacion y la distribucion geografica similar entre O. bataua y sus polinizadores, sugiere un importante grado de especializacion no evidenciado con anterioridad para esta especie.
Morphological and Anatomical Investigations on the Saponaria kotschyi Boiss. (Caryophyllaceae)

The morphological, anatomical and micromorphological features of Saponaria kotschyi Boiss. have been studied on plants collected from Osmangazi University-Meselik Campus, Eskisehir. S. kotschyi is an endemic species and a new record from Eskisehir. In general, the results obtained from morphological studies were consistent with the description given in the Flora of Turkey, except for the calyx, as the calyx of S. kotschyi flowers not only had glandular hairs but also eglandular hairs. The anatomical studies on cross-sections of the root, stem, leaves and surface sections of leaves were presented and compared with previous findings. Furthermore, the micromorphological properties of the seed, leaves and pollen grains have been investigated by SEM and illustrations provided.
Potensi Antibakterial Bakteri Asam Laktat dari Peda, Jambal Roti, dan Bekasam

Isolation of lactic acid bacteria from fermented fish products, peda, jambal roti and bekasam were carried out. Antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria was tested using well diffusion method against Escherichia coli , Bacillus cereus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus . Twelve isolates of lactic acid bacteria had been isolated. Results showed that isolate A2 from peda was able to inhibit the growth of the 4 testing bacteria with inhibition zones of 6.7 mm for E. coli ; 7.3 mm for P. aeruginosa ; 8.3 mm for S. aureus and 10.0 mm for B. cereus . Isolate B5 from jambal roti had inhibition zones 11.6 mm for E. coli ; 6.0 mm for P. aeruginosa ; 7.3 mm for S. aureus and 13.3 mm for B. cereus ; while isolate C6 from bekasam had inhibitor zones 7.7 mm for E. coli ; 6.0 for P. aeruginosa ; 8.0 mm for S. aureus and 9.3 mm for B. cereus .
Effect of feeding semi-moist diets and highly digestible carbohydrate and protein sources in the prestarter phase on performance of broiler chicks

In total, 1400 1-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were used to examine the effects of inclusion of alternative carbohydrate and protein sources in prestarter diets and the form of diet on subsequent performance, physiological development and carcass characteristics of broilers. The experimental diets were offered from 1 to 7 days of age and were as follows: control maize–soybean–fish meal diet (CON); maize–soybean meal–casein–dextrose diet (CD); maize–soybean meal–casein-maize starch diet (CS); maize–soybean meal–maize gluten–dextrose diet (GD); and maize–soybean meal–maize gluten–maize starch diet (GS). Each diet was provided in either solid or semi-moist (30% moisture) form, resulting in 10 dietary treatments in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement. During the first week, a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in feed intake and weight gain was observed in the chicks receiving the CD or the CS diets compared with the chicks receiving the CON diet. Chicks receiving the CON diet also exhibited lower (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio than did those receiving the CD or the CS diets. The adverse effect of feeding the CD and CS diets on liveweight of the birds was still evident at 21 and 42 days of age (P < 0.05). Chicks on the semi-moist diets consumed less (P < 0.05) feed than those on the solid diets during the first week. Nevertheless, chicks fed the semi-moist diets had higher (P < 0.05) weight gain and exhibited lower (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio than did those fed solid diets. During the entire period, the highest weight gain and feed intake were observed in chicks receiving the CON prestarter diet in semi-moist form. During the first week, chicks receiving the CD or the CS diet exhibited the lowest (P < 0.05) small intestine weight and length. Conversely, at the age of 21 days, these chicks had higher (P < 0.05) small intestine weight than did the other chicks. It can be concluded that using a maize–soybean–fish meal-based prestarter diet in semi-moist form improves chick development and positively affects growth performance.
Magnesium in New Zealand soils

Abstract The distribution of exchangeable magnesium (Mge), acid-soluble or “reserve” magnesium (Mgr), and total magnesium (Mgr) in a selection of New Zealand soils is presented in the form of profile diagrams. Wide variations in all these parameters were observed, which could, in general, be related to soil parent material and degree of soil development, as expressed in the genetic soil classification. It is concluded that low levels of exchangeable and reserve magnesium in several soil groups suggest the likelihood of more widespread magnesium deficiencies if losses of magnesium are not replenished.
Inhibition during movement preparation is sensitive to response difficulty

1. Duque, J., Lew, D. , Mazzocchio, R. , Olivier, E. , & Ivry, R. B. (2010). Evidence for two concurrent inhibitory mechanisms during response preparation. The Journal of Neuroscience, 30(10), 3793–3802. 2. Duque, J., Labruna, L. , Verset, S. , Olivier, E. , & Ivry, R. B. (2012). Dissociating the Role of Prefrontal and Premotor Cortices in Controlling Inhibitory Mechanisms during Motor Preparation. The Journal of Neuroscience, 32(3), 806–816. 3. Verstynen, T. , & Ivry, R. B. (2011). Network dynamics mediating ipsilateral motor cortex activity during unimanual actions. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(9), 2468–2480. Conclusions