Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Activities of Dichloromethane Extract of Xerophyta spekei

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder which has greatly led to an increase in morbidity and mortality globally. Although Xerophyta spekei is widely used for the management of diabetes among the Embu and Mbeere communities in Kenya, it has never been empirically evaluated for its hypoglycemic activity. This study was carried out to verify the hypoglycemic activity of dichloromethane (DCM) extract of Xerophyta spekei as well as its antioxidant activity using various in vitro techniques. Phytochemicals associated with its antioxidant activity were identified through GC-MS. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics and expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (X̄ ± SEM). Comparison between various variables was performed by using unpaired Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. The confidence interval was set at 95%. The obtained results were presented in tables and graphs. Results showed that there was no difference in α-amylase inhibition activity between the plant extract and the standard (IC50 525.9 ± 12.34 and 475.1 ± 9.115, respectively; p > 0.05). Besides, the glucose adsorption activity of the extract increased with an increase in glucose concentration (from 5.89 to 32.64 mg/dl at 5 mmol and 30 mmol of glucose, respectively; p < 0.05). The extract also limited the diffusion of glucose more than the negative control (7.49 and 17.63 mg/dl, respectively; p < 0.05). It also enhanced glucose uptake by yeast cells. In addition, the studied plant extract showed notable antioxidant activities. The therapeutic effects exhibited by this plant in managing diabetes mellitus and other ailments could be due to its antioxidant as well as its hypoglycemic activity. The study recommends the evaluation of X. spekei for in vivo hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities. Besides, the isolation of bioactive phytochemicals from the plant may lead to the development of new hypoglycaemic agents.
The Use of Cefiderocol as Salvage Therapy in an Infant Receiving ECMO and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Background: Infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) pathogens are increasing worldwide, representing a serious global public health issue with high morbidity and mortality rates The treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infections has become a significant challenge due to its ability to develop resistance to many of the currently available antibiotics, especially in intensive care unit (ICU) settings. Among the very few therapeutic lines available against extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-PA and/or with difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR)-PA, cefiderocol is an injectable siderophore cephalosporin not licensed for use in pediatric patients. There are only a few case reports and two ongoing trials describing the administration of this cephalosporin in infants. Case presentation: This report describes the case of a critically ill 8-month-old girl affected by ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) infection complicated by bloodstream infection (BSI) sustained by VIM-producing PA. She was treated with cefiderocol as a salvage therapy during ECMO and CRRT support. Conclusions: In healthcare settings, treating multidrug-resistant, Gram-negative bacteria poses a serious challenge, especially in pediatric patients. Our findings suggest that cefiderocol can be considered as an off-label rescue therapy in selected pediatric cases.
How Using Probiotics in Poultry Can Fight the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance to Humans?

Globally, there is a severe problem with antibiotic resistance in animals and humans. It may result in diseases that are extremely challenging to treat. In certain situations, conventional antibiotics used to treat an illness may no longer be effective in poultry and an alternative treatment is used. Therefore, using probiotics instead of antibiotic therapy to treat specific health issues in both humans and animals can achieve the desired result, such as preventing infectious zoonotic diseases and enhancing general health. Probiotics are friendly live microorganisms like normal flora, when consumed in a sufficient dose which produces positive effects on the host. This review aimed to prove that using probiotics in poultry instead of antibiotics can fight the spread of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and Campylobacter to humans by ingestion of undercooked poultry meat infected with these bacteria and also increase antibiotic resistance to humans. Finally, concluded that probiotics play a potential role in the spread of antibiotic-resistance genes in our natural environments, we believe it is crucial to implement proper regulation on their use in both livestock and human applications globally.
Assessment of Arctic Cloud Cover Anomalies in Atmospheric Reanalysis Products Using Satellite Data

AbstractCloud cover is one of the largest uncertainties in model predictions of the future Arctic climate. Previous studies have shown that cloud amounts in global climate models and atmospheric reanalyses vary widely and may have large biases. However, many climate studies are based on anomalies rather than absolute values, for which biases are less important. This study examines the performance of five atmospheric reanalysis products—ERA-Interim, MERRA, MERRA-2, NCEP R1, and NCEP R2—in depicting monthly mean Arctic cloud amount anomalies against Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite observations from 2000 to 2014 and against Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) observations from 2006 to 2014. All five reanalysis products exhibit biases in the mean cloud amount, especially in winter. The Gerrity skill score (GSS) and correlation analysis are used to quantify their performance in terms of interannual variations. Results show that ERA-Interim.
Comparative Analysis of Microbial Leakage in Implant Recess of Three Different Internal Implant Abutment Connections: An In Vitro Study

Objective/Introduction: Bacterial infiltration at implant abutment junction is a potential risk for soft tissue inflammation and bone loss around the implant. Potential colonization of microgap is related to precision of fit at the mating interfaces of implant and abutment and is dependent on structural geometry of implant abutment connection. Considering the limited information regarding differences in microbial penetration at the junction in implants with degree of taper in internal connections, this study conducted comparative analysis of microbial seal of three different implant abutment connections—1.5 mm internal hex (IH), 4 ° tapered, and 11 ° conical hex (CH) implants. Materials and methods: Three study groups with 18 implant abutment assemblies in each, included 1.5 mm IH (BioHorizon®), 4 ° taper (4 ° CH) internal conical connection (Ankylos®), and 11 ° taper (11 ° CH) connection (Neobiotech® Active) implants. Each assembly was suspended in Escherichia coli as well as Enterococcus faecalis suspension in brain heart infusion (BHI) separately and incubated at 37 ° C for 3 days. Wash from respective implant internal recess was assessed for microbial contamination. Results: Internal hex group showed significantly higher E. coli (44.4%) and E. faecalis (50.0%) leakage than 4 ° CH and 11 ° CH groups. The difference in microbial leakage in 4 ° CH (11.1%) and 11 ° CH (16.7%) for both the study microbes was statistically insignificant ( p = 0.630), thus partially accepting the null hypothesis. Conclusion: The type of connection significantly influences microbial leakage at implant abutment junction with internal connection more conducive to bacterial infiltrations than conical connection implants. However, degree of taper of conical connection does not have a significant effect on bacterial permeability of the implant abutment connection
The role of marsh platform morphology in the geomorphic response of tidal inlet systems to sea level rise

of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy THE ROLE OF MARSH PLATFORM MORPHOLOGY IN THE GEOMORPHIC RESPONSE OF TIDAL INLET SYSTEMS TO SEA LEVEL RISE By Jessica Loren Lovering May 2013 Chair: Peter N. Adams Major: Geology The morphologic evolution of tidal inlets depends on the ecogeomorphic behavior of the back-barrier basin, and exerts strong influence on local shoreline response to sea level rise. In this thesis, I investigate the role of wetland vegetation on tidal inlet response to sea level rise through three approaches, with each approach investigating a specific set of process linkages: (1) Vertical marsh accretion control on changes to the tidal prism, inlet channel cross-sectional area, and ebb shoal volumes due to sea level rise, (2) changes to the sediment availability to the marsh platform by sea level rise induced alterations to the inlet hydrodynamics, and (3) the influence of marsh configuration and edge erosion on the tidal prism, inlet channel cross-sectional area, and ebb shoal volume. Investigating links among changes to wetland vegetation, hydrodynamics of the back-barrier basin, and inlet morphology will be a critical advance in understanding how shorelines with barrier island systems will evolve under sea level rise worldwide. How does vertical marsh accretion influence the tidal prism, inlet channel cross-sectional area, and ebb shoal volume during sea level rise? Using a numerical hydrodynamic model, paired with empirically derived morphologic relationships, this study explores the behavior of a back-barrier basin under two end-member vertical marsh accretion scenarios: (A) no accretion, wherein marsh islands become submerged, changing both the flooded basin area and the spatial pattern of tidal wave
ORIGIN AND TIME OF QIONGZHOU STRAIT

The origin of Qiongzhou Strait has 3 causes: coast erosion, tectonic rifing and marine transgression. And the time for Hainan Island and Leizhou Peninsula to separate from each other also has some explanations: Pliocene, the beginning of Quaternary, before middle Pleistocene, after middle Pleistocene and Holocene. The latest data about the geology, oceanography and regional palaeo-biogeography of Qiongzhou Strait are analyzed in the paper, and it is thought that Qiongzhou Strait is not a rift. It grew out of a normal low land, and was formed in the middle Holocene, about (10 570±560)~(7 125±96) aBP, when marine transgressed the original normal low land. It is inferred that the average speed of central trough valley undercutting is 0.7 cm·a-1, and the average speed of tidal current delta accumulation outside the west mouth is 0.17~0.31 cm·a-1 after the Qiongzhou Strait formed.
Corner frequencies of P and S waves and models of earthquake sources

P- and S-wave spectra of 144 aftershocks 12≦M≦412 of the February 9, 1971 San Fernando earthquake corroborate previous work showing that the corner frequencies for P waves in general are greater than those for S waves. This observation is consistent not only with models that treat earthquakes as volume sources, but also with physically reasonable dislocation models for which (1) the source is approximately equidimensional, (2) both the duration of slip at each point on the fault and the time for the ruptured area to develop are not long compared with the time for seismic waves to cross the ruptured area, and (3) much of the source radiates essentially simultaneously. There may be other physically reasonable dislocation models compatible with the observations. Savage's calculations indicate that models that involve propagating dislocations on long thin faults are not adequate for describing most moderate and small earthquakes studied.
Treatment approaches to Motor Speech Disorders: A step towards Evidence Based Practice

Motor Speech Disorders is an umbrella term for a set of separate dysfunctions of speech outcome associated with neurological disorders. Motor speech disorders (MSD) are classified as Speech Motor delay (SMD), Childhood dysarthria (CD), Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS), and Concurrent CD and CAS. The incidence and prevalence of MSD in population is uncertain. A research gap exists, making evidence-based practice questionable as regards intervention for MSD and is an area of research. Hence, current narrative review was conducted to review and highlight treatment of MSD since evidence-based treatment approach may benefit patient even years after a brain lesion. To achieve this objective literature search was conducted using search engines and data bases including google, google scholar, web of science & PubMed from 1998 to 2023 with keywords “motor speech disorder, dysarthria, apraxia, speech motor delay and combinations of these words with English language and no other limitations. Our search revealed 170 articles, news, publications of which 34 were used for review (Fig.1).
Comparison Of Direct Regional Head Election Systems In The Context Of Global Construction Law

This article analyzes the comparison of regional head election systems directly in the context of global constitutional law. The background to this research is driven by the complexity and diversity of regional head election systems implemented in various countries, as well as their impact on global state governance which is increasingly connected and interdependent. The main objective of this research is to understand the differences and similarities in these systems, identify the factors that influence the choice of the regional head election system, and explore the implications for global constitutional law issues. The research methods used involve literature analysis, comparative studies, and a review of various regional head election models, both based on direct elections and representative systems. The research results show that the direct regional head election system has the potential to increase public participation and accountability, by focusing on democratic principles. However, its implementation can also pose challenges, such as fragile political stability and the protection of minority rights which is often a concern. This research concludes that a deeper understanding of the direct regional head election system and its implications for global state governance is very important in efforts to build global statecraft law that is more inclusive and sustainable. This article contributes to the literature discussing global constitutional law issues and can be a guide for researchers, legal practitioners, and policymakers in planning and evaluating regional head election systems.
Therapeutic Potential of Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitors, Geldanamycin, and Analog Compounds in Precision Cancer Therapy

Heat shock protein (HSP90) is a molecular chaperone involved in numerous physiological processes. The primary role of this is to assist in the process of protein folding and to restore misfolded proteins to their correct shape. Chaperones additionally inhibit protein breakdown and aggregation. HSP90 inhibitors possess a notable characteristic of obstructing many cancer-causing pathways by facilitating the breakdown of numerous oncogenic client proteins. Targeting HSP90 therapeutics has been recognized as a viable approach for treating cancer and inflammatory-associated disorders in clinical studies involving different forms of cancer. Inhibition of HSP90 using natural, synthetic, and semi-synthetic chemicals has shown encouraging outcomes. HSP90 inhibitors have been extracted from several fungi, bacteria, and plant species. These naturally occurring chemicals play a crucial function in regulating HSP90 activity and can be utilized to develop innovative semi-synthetic or synthetic inhibitors. Over 120 clinical trials have been carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of HSP90 inhibitors as a supplementary therapy for different types of tumor cells. Presently, ongoing research is being carried out to acquire an understanding of innovative and more efficacious methods for treating cancer. Continuing in this research approach, we aim to investigate the discovery, biosynthesis, mechanism of action, and biological features of geldanamycin and its analogs.
Effect Of Imports, Industrial Sector, And Service Sector On Value-Added Tax With Regulatory Quality As A Moderating Variable

State revenue to organize its government is mostly collected by taxation as the main source. In its implementation, taxes are imposed directly and indirectly. The indirect tax that plays a role in the structure of state revenue is Value Added Tax (VAT). VAT is imposed on goods or services consumed in an area based on a set rate. VAT imposition of the highest rates on average is imposed in European countries. There are 11 European countries with the highest VAT rates, which are the object of research, namely Hungary, Croatia, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Greece, Iceland, Finland, Ireland, Poland, and Portugal. This study will discuss the effect of value added on the industrial and service sectors, which are the main sectors in the 11 countries as well as the effect of international trade activities, namely imports, on VAT revenues with a moderation of the regulatory quality index. The results show that the imported variable and the added value of the industrial and service sectors, both before and after interaction with the moderating variable of the regulatory quality index, significantly influence VAT acceptance. For the partial results, before moderation with the regulatory quality index, imports don't significantly affect VAT revenue. In contrast, the industrial and service sectors have significant negative effects on VAT revenue. Furthermore, after interacting with regulatory quality variables, imports, value added in the industrial and service sectors have a significant positive influence on VAT revenue. This shows that the moderating variable of the regulatory quality index plays a role in strengthening the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
The influence of geothermal plants on the biogeochemistry of the microbial ecosystems in aquifers

VII Abstract With increasing importance of geothermal energy as renewable energy providing huge amounts of sustainable, CO2-effective and commercial base load power, also possible disturbances within the utilisation of geothermal techniques have to be addressed. The efficiency of geothermal plants can be deteriorated by the presence and activity of microbial organisms as well as by their metabolic products. Known consequences of microbial activity in geothermal systems are corrosion, scaling, and clogging. For an improved understanding of these phenomena, microbial communities in plant-integrated filter systems as well as fluid chemistry have been investigated in a long-term study on geothermal plants in the North German Basin and the Molasse Basin. The aim of this study was the characterisation of the induced changes of the indigenous microbial communities to the individual operation modes of various geothermal plants with different operating conditions (e.g. temperature, depth, fluid chemistry). The microbial communities in the geothermal plants were characterized using molecular marker compounds (biomarkers). The biomarkers applied were intact phospholipids being characteristic for living bacteria (“life marker”) and its linked fatty acids side chain inventory (phospholipid fatty acid, PLFA). Another focus was placed on the characterisation of fluid chemistry at different geothermal sites with special emphasis on the quality and quantity of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the changes in fluid composition related to operation of the geothermal plants as well as to microbial activity. It could be concluded that the microbial communities are remarkably resistant to the different operation modes of the geothermal plants and developed various adaptations to survive the prevailing temperature regimes as well as the variability in nutritional state in such environments. In a shallow cold storage (German Parliament, Berlin) strong indications of a microbial contribution to clogging processes have been observed by changes in PLFA composition between times of normal operation and plant deterioration. A newly developed PLFA ratio can be applied to assess the microbial contribution to clogging and provides a helpful tool in the selection of a proper cleaning technique. In addition, biomarker analysis revealed the adaptation of bacterial membrane lipids to unfavourable living conditions by transformation of cis to trans monounsaturated fatty acids.
Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Among High School Teachers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Objectives We aimed to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression among high school teachers and assess the functionality of teachers with anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. High school teachers participated in the study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between June and December 2022. The online questionnaire barcode was distributed physically to 382 male and female teachers. The questionnaire asked participants to provide demographic data and respond to questions about their feelings of depression and anxiety during the pandemic. Results Of the 382 participants, 62.3% were women, 44.2% were aged between 36 and 45 years, 77.5% were married, and 44.2% had 16 years or more of teaching experience. More than two-thirds (68.3%) of the participants were experiencing a moderate level of anxiety, and 73.8% were moderately depressed. The mean depression score (16.76±5.59) was significantly higher for those aged 25-35 (p=0.05). Female teachers scored higher in generalized anxiety disorder (13.83±4.77) than male teachers (12.79±3.89) (p=0.03). Participants with a master's degree had a higher mean score of generalized anxiety disorder (13.75±3.91) (p=0.05). Most subjects overcame the pandemic's psychological effects and coped with their daily routines. Conclusion Over half of the participants reported experiencing anxiety or depressive symptoms during the pandemic. However, this research provides policymakers and educators in Saudi Arabia with a unique perspective on a particular geographic area and educational context, which can be of great value. It stresses the need for mental health services in schools to support the well-being of students and teachers. It underscores the significance of addressing mental health concerns among educators during times of crisis. Therefore, school authorities and policymakers should focus on establishing and promoting mental health services during future pandemics.