Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ground-state properties of anyons in a one-dimensional lattice

Using the Anyon–Hubbard Hamiltonian, we analyze the ground-state properties of anyons in a one-dimensional lattice. To this end we map the hopping dynamics of correlated anyons to an occupation-dependent hopping Bose–Hubbard model using the fractional Jordan–Wigner transformation. In particular, we calculate the quasi-momentum distribution of anyons, which interpolates between Bose–Einstein and Fermi–Dirac statistics. Analytically, we apply a modified Gutzwiller mean-field approach, which goes beyond a classical one by including the influence of the fractional phase of anyons within the many-body wavefunction. Numerically, we use the density-matrix renormalization group by relying on the ansatz of matrix product states. As a result it turns out that the anyonic quasi-momentum distribution reveals both a peak-shift and an asymmetry which mainly originates from the nonlocal string property. In addition, we determine the corresponding quasi-momentum distribution of the Jordan–Wigner transformed bosons, where, in contrast to the hard-core case, we also observe an asymmetry for the soft-core case, which strongly depends on the particle number density.
2MASS J01542930+0053266 : A New Eclipsing M-dwarf Binary System

We report on 2MASS J01542930+0053266, a faint eclipsing system composed of two M dwarfs. The variability of this system was originally discovered during a pilot study of the 2MASS Calibration Point Source Working Database. Additional photometry from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey yields an 8–passband lightcurve, from which we derive an orbital period of 2.6390157±0.0000016 days. Spectroscopic followup confirms our photometric classification of the system, which is likely composed of M0 and M1 dwarfs. Radial velocity measurements allow us to derive the masses (M1 = 0.66 ± 0.03M⊙; M2 = 0.62±0.03M⊙) and radii (R1 = 0.64±0.08R⊙; R2 = 0.61±0.09R⊙) of the components, which are consistent with empirical mass–radius relationships for low– mass stars in binary systems. We perform Monte Carlo simulations of the lightcurves which allow us to uncover complicated degeneracies between the system parameters. Both stars show evidence of Hα emission, something not common in early–type M dwarfs. This suggests that binarity may influence the magnetic activity properties of low-mass stars; activity in the binary may persist long after the dynamos in their isolated counterparts have decayed, yielding a new potential foreground of flaring activity for next generation variability surveys.
The Discontinuous Asymptotic Telegrapher’s Equation (P1) Approximation

Abstract Modeling the propagation of radiative heat waves in optically thick material using a diffusive approximation is a well-known problem. In optically thin material, classic methods, such as classic diffusion or classic , yield the wrong heat wave propagation behavior, and higher-order approximation might be required, making the solution more difficult to obtain. The asymptotic approximation [Heizler, Nucl. Sci. Eng., Vol. 166, p. 17 (2010)] yields the correct particle velocity but fails to model the correct behavior in highly anisotropic media, such as problems that involve a sharp boundary between media or strong sources. However, the solution for the two-region Milne problem of two adjacent half-spaces divided by a sharp boundary yields a discontinuity in the asymptotic solutions that makes it possible to solve steady-state problems, especially in neutronics. In this work we expand the time-dependent asymptotic approximation to a highly anisotropic medium using the discontinuity jump conditions of the energy density, yielding a modified discontinuous equation in general geometry. We introduce numerical solutions for two fundamental benchmarks in plane symmetry. The results thus obtained are more accurate than those attained by other methods, such as Flux Limiters or Variable Eddington Factors.
X-ray properties of high-richness CAMIRA clusters in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program field

We present the first results of a pilot X-ray study of 37 rich galaxy clusters at 0.1 < z < 1.1 in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program field. Diffuse X-ray emissions from these clusters were serendipitously detected in the XMM-Newton fields of view. We systematically analyze X-ray images of 37 clusters and emission spectra of a subsample of 17 clusters with high photon statistics by using the XMM-Newton archive data. The frequency distribution of the offset between the X-ray centroid or peak and the position of the brightest cluster galaxy was derived for the optical cluster sample. The fraction of relaxed clusters estimated from the X-ray peak offsets in 17 clusters is 29 ± 11(±13)%, which is smaller than that of the X-ray cluster samples such as HIFLUGCS. Since the optical cluster search is immune to the physical state of X-ray-emitting gas, it is likely to cover a larger range of the cluster morphology. We also derive the luminosity–temperature relation and found that the slope is marginally shallower than those of X-ray-selected samples and consistent with the self-similar model prediction of 2. Accordingly, our results show that the X-ray properties of the optical clusters are marginally different from those observed in the X-ray samples. The implication of the results and future prospects are briefly discussed.
Obscuring and Feeding Supermassive Black Holes with Evolving Nuclear Star Clusters

Abstract Recently, high-resolution observations made with the help of the near-infrared adaptive optics integral field spectrograph SINFONI at the VLT proved the existence of massive and young nuclear star clusters in the centers of a sample of Seyfert galaxies. With the help of high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations with the pluto code, we follow the evolution of such clusters, especially focusing on mass and energy feedback from young stars. This leads to a filamentary inflow of gas on large scales (tens of parsecs), whereas a turbulent and very dense disk builds up on the parsec scale. Here we concentrate on the long-term evolution of the nuclear disk in NGC 1068 with the help of an effective viscous disk model, using the mass input from the large-scale simulations and accounting for star formation in the disk. This two-stage modeling enables us to connect the tens-of-parsecs scale region (observable with SINFONI) with the parsec-scale environment (MIDI observations). At the current age of the nuclear star cluster, our simulations predict disk sizes of the order 0.8 to 0.9 pc, gas masses of order 106M⊙, and mass transfer rates through the inner boundary of order 0.025 M⊙yr−1, in good agreement with values derived from observations.
Association Between Aromatase Inhibitors and Myocardial Infarction Morbidity in Women With Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Background The cardiovascular toxicity of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) for women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer is controversial. We aimed to evaluate the association between AIs and the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer based on real-world studies. Method PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify studies that estimated the association between MI risk and AIs. A random-effects model was used to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the predefined outcomes. Results A total of 134 476 patients from eight cohort studies were enrolled in our analysis. For MI incidence, no significant difference was found between the users of AIs and non-users (HR: .98, 95% CI: .83-1.17). The subgroup analysis of patients without a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) suggested a reduced risk of MI (HR: .86, 95% CI: .77-.96). No significant difference was found for ischemic stroke (HR: .93, 95% CI: .82-1.07) and heart failure (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: .92-1.66) between the two groups. Conclusion Based on real-world data, AIs may be a safe treatment route for patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer and those with a history of CVD. AIs caused a major decrease in MI in patients without CVD history. However, more in-depth investigations are needed to explore the association between AI use and the incidence of MI in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.
Olfactomedin 4 associates with expression of differentiation markers but not with properties of cancer stemness, EMT nor metastatic spread in colorectal cancer

Tumor stem cells play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis and metastatic spread in colorectal cancer (CRC). Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) is co‐expressed with the established stem cell marker leucine‐rich repeat‐containing G protein‐coupled receptor 5 at the bottom of intestinal crypts and has been suggested as a surrogate for cancer stemness and a biomarker in gastrointestinal tumors associated with prognosis. Therefore, it was the aim of the present study to clarify whether OLFM4 is involved in carcinogenesis and metastatic spread in CRC. We used a combined approach of functional assays using forced OLFM4 overexpression in human CRC cell lines, xenograft mice, and an immunohistochemical approach using patient tissues to investigate the impact of OLFM4 on stemness, canonical Wnt signaling, properties of metastasis and differentiation as well as prognosis. OLFM4 expression correlated weakly with tumor grade in one patient cohort (metastasis collection: p = 0.05; pooled analysis of metastasis collection and survival collection: p = 0.19) and paralleled the expression of differentiation markers (FABP2, MUC2, and CK20) (p = 0.002) but did not correlate with stemness‐associated markers. Further analyses in CRC cells lines as well as xenograft mice including forced overexpression of OLFM4 revealed that OLFM4 neither altered the expression of markers of stemness nor epithelial–mesenchymal transition, nor did OLFM4 itself drive proliferation, migration, or colony formation, which are all prerequisites of carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In line with this, we found no significant correlation between OLFM4 expression, metastasis, and patient survival. In summary, expression of OLFM4 in human CRC seems to be characteristic of differentiation marker expression in CRC but is not a driver of carcinogenesis nor metastatic spread.
CONSEQUENCES OF MAGNETIC FIELD STRUCTURE FOR HEAT TRANSPORT IN MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS

Interfaces between hot and cold magnetized plasmas exist in various astrophysical contexts, for example, where hot outflows impinge on an ambient interstellar medium. It is of interest to understand how the structure of the magnetic field spanning the interface affects the temporal evolution of the temperature gradient. Here, we explore the relation between the magnetic field topology and the heat transfer rate by adding various fractions of tangled versus ordered field across a hot–cold interface that allows the system to evolve to a steady state. We find a simple mathematical relation for the rate of heat conduction as a function of the initial ratio of ordered-to-tangled field across the interface. We discuss potential implications for the astrophysical context of magnetized wind blown bubbles around evolved stars.
Dehumanization and mass violence: A study of mental state language in Nazi propaganda (1927–1945)

Dehumanization is frequently cited as a precursor to mass violence, but quantitative support for this notion is scarce. The present work provides such support by examining the dehumanization of Jews in Nazi propaganda. Our linguistic analysis suggests that Jews were progressively denied the capacity for fundamentally human mental experiences leading up to the Holocaust. Given that the recognition of another’s mental experience promotes moral concern, these results are consistent with the theory that dehumanization facilitates violence by disengaging moral concern. However, after the onset of the Holocaust, our results suggest that Jews were attributed a greater capacity for agentic mental states. We speculate this may reflect a process of demonization in which Nazi propagandists portrayed the Jews as highly capable of planning and intentionality while nonetheless possessing a subhuman moral character. These suggestive results paint a nuanced portrait of the temporal dynamics of dehumanization during the Holocaust and provide impetus for further empirical scrutiny of dehumanization in ecologically valid contexts.
Fabrication of large addition energy quantum dots in graphene

We present a simple technique to fabricate graphene quantum dots in a cryostat. It relies upon the controlled rupture of a suspended graphene sheet subjected to the application of a large electron current. This results in the in-situ formation of a clean and ultra-narrow constriction, which hosts one quantum dot, and occasionally a few quantum dots in series. Conductance spectroscopy indicates that individual quantum dots can possess an addition energy as large as 180 meV and a level spacing as large as 25 meV. Our technique has several assets: (i) the dot is suspended, thus the electrostatic influence of the substrate is reduced, and (ii) contamination is minimized, since the edges of the dot have only been exposed to the vacuum in the cryostat.
THE INTERIOR STRUCTURE CONSTANTS AS AN AGE DIAGNOSTIC FOR LOW-MASS, PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE DETACHED ECLIPSING BINARY STARS

We propose a novel method for determining the ages of low-mass, pre-main-sequence stellar systems using the apsidal motion of low-mass detached eclipsing binaries. The apsidal motion of a binary system with an eccentric orbit provides information regarding the interior structure constants of the individual stars. These constants are related to the normalized stellar interior density distribution and can be extracted from the predictions of stellar evolution models. We demonstrate that low-mass, pre-main-sequence stars undergoing radiative core contraction display rapidly changing interior structure constants (greater than 5% per 10 Myr) that, when combined with observational determinations of the interior structure constants (with 5%–10% precision), allow for a robust age estimate. This age estimate, unlike those based on surface quantities, is largely insensitive to the surface layer where effects of magnetic activity are likely to be most pronounced. On the main sequence, where age sensitivity is minimal, the interior structure constants provide a valuable test of the physics used in stellar structure models of low-mass stars. There are currently no known systems where this technique is applicable. Nevertheless, the emphasis on time domain astronomy with current missions, such as Kepler, and future missions, such as LSST, has the potential to discover systems where the proposed method will be observationally feasible.
A Photodissociation Region study of NGC 4038

We present a model of the photodissociation regions of NGC 4038, which is part of the Antennae galaxies. We have considered one-dimensional slabs of uniform density all having a maximum $A_V=10\,{\rm mag}$, interacting with plane-parallel radiation. The density range in our simulations spans four orders of magnitude ($100\le n\le 10^6\,{\rm cm}^{-3}$) and the UV field strength spans more than three orders of magnitude ($10\le\chi\le10^{4.5}$ multiples of the ${\rm Draine}$ field), from which we generated a grid of about 1400 simulations. We compare our results with Herschel SPIRE-FTS, CSO and ISO-LWS observations of eight CO transition lines ($J=1-0$ to $8-7$) and the [CI] 609\mu m and [OI] 146\mu m fine structure lines. We find that the molecular and atomic emission lines trace different gas components of NGC 4038, thus single emission models are insufficient to reproduce the observed values. In general, low-$J$ CO transition lines correspond to either low density regions interacting with low UV field strengths, or high density regions interacting with high UV field strengths. Higher $J$ CO transition lines are less dependent on the UV field strength and are fitted by gas with density $n\sim10^{4.5}-10^{5.2}\,{\rm cm}^{-3}$. We find that the observed fine structure line ratio of [CI] 609\mu m/[OI] 146\mu m is reproduced by clouds subject to weaker UV fields compared to the CO lines. We make estimates of the $X_{\rm CO}$ factor which relates the CO emission with the column density of molecular hydrogen, and find that it is less than the canonical Milky Way value.
Digital games and virtual reality applications in child abuse: A scoping review and conceptual framework

Child abuse refers to any form of maltreatment, including physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect that occurs to children under 18 years of age. Digital games and virtual reality (VR) can be used as beneficial solutions for dealing with child maltreatment concerns. This study aimed to present a conceptual framework for showing the applications of these technologies in managing child abuse. The framework is developed in two stages: (1) a scoping review to gather digital games and VR applications for child abuse issues through the search in PubMed, Ovid (APA PsycInfo), Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and grey literature and (2) developing a conceptual framework based on the review results and validating it by 12 experts. The proposed conceptual framework shows that digital games and VR have been used for six main topics: (1) medical education, (2) prevention, (3) screening, (4) diagnosis, (5) treatment, and (6) forensic medicine in response to child abuse issues. Studies have more focused on child sexual abuse prevention, behavioral monitoring of sexual offenders in forensic medicine, and knowledge or performance assessment of students in medical education. Serious games (SGs), computer simulation, and immersive VR were common technologies for children, students, and forensic medicine, respectively. The experts believe the combination of immersive features of VR with SGs can further encourage user engagement. It appears that digital games and VR can play a positive role in child abuse management. Given the extensive capabilities of these technologies, further studies are needed to show all their potential applications for child abuse problems.
MAGMO: coherent magnetic fields in the star‐forming regions of the Carina‐Sagittarius spiral arm tangent

We present the pilot results of the ‘MAGMO’ project, targeted observations of ground-state hydroxyl masers towards sites of 6.7-GHz methanol maser emission in the Carina-Sagittarius spiral arm tangent, Galactic longitudes 280° to 295°. The ‘MAGMO’ project aims to determine if Galactic magnetic fields can be traced with Zeeman splitting of masers associated with star formation. Pilot observations of 23 sites of methanol maser emission were made, with the detection of ground-state hydroxyl masers towards 11 of these and six additional offset sites. Of these 17 sites, nine are new detections of sites of 1665-MHz maser emission, three of them accompanied by 1667-MHz emission. More than 70 per cent of the maser features have significant circular polarization, whilst only ∼10 per cent have significant linear polarization (although some features with up to 100 per cent linear polarization are found). We find 11 Zeeman pairs across six sites of high-mass star formation with implied magnetic field strengths between –1.5 and +3.8 mG and a median field strength of +1.6 mG. Our measurements of Zeeman splitting imply that a coherent field orientation is experienced by the maser sites across a distance of 5.3 ± 2.0 kpc within the Carina-Sagittarius spiral arm tangent.
Biomarkers of alveolar epithelial injury and endothelial dysfunction are associated with scores of pulmonary edema in invasively ventilated patients

BACKGROUND Pulmonary edema is a central hallmark of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Endothelial dysfunction and epithelial injury contribute to permeability but their differential contribution to pulmonary edema development remains understudied. METHODS Plasma levels of surfactant protein-D (SP-D), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) were measured in a prospective, multicenter cohort of invasively ventilated patients. Pulmonary edema was quantified using the radiographic assessment of lung edema (RALE) and global lung ultrasound (LUS) score. Variables were collected within 48 hours after intubation. Linear regression was used to examine the association of the biomarkers with pulmonary edema. RESULTS In 362 patients, higher SP-D, sRAGE and Ang-2 concentrations were significantly associated with higher RALE and global LUS scores. After stratification by ARDS subgroups (pulmonary, non-pulmonary, COVID, non-COVID), the positive association of SP-D levels with pulmonary edema remained, while sRAGE and Ang-2 showed less consistent associations throughout the subgroups. In a multivariable analysis, SP-D levels were most strongly associated with pulmonary edema when combined with sRAGE (RALE score: βSP-D = 6.79 units/log10 pg/mL, βsRAGE = 3.84 units/log10 pg/mL, R2 = 0.23; global LUS score: βSP-D = 3.28 units/log10 pg/mL, βsRAGE = 2.06 units/log10 pg/mL, R2 = 0.086), while Ang-2 did not further improve the model. CONCLUSION Biomarkers of epithelial injury and endothelial dysfunction were associated with pulmonary edema in invasively ventilated patients. SP-D and sRAGE showed the strongest association, suggesting that epithelial injury may form a final common pathway in the alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunction underlying pulmonary edema.
FGF9 variant in 46,XY DSD patient suggests a role for dimerization in sex determination

46,XY gonadal dysgenesis (GD) is a Disorder/Difference of Sex Development (DSD) that can present with phenotypes ranging from ambiguous genitalia to complete male‐to‐female sex reversal. Around 50% of 46,XY DSD cases receive a molecular diagnosis. In mice, Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is an important component of the male sex‐determining pathway. Two FGF9 variants reported to date disrupt testis development in mice, but not in humans. Here, we describe a female patient with 46,XY GD harbouring the rare FGF9 variant (missense mutation), NM_002010. 2:c.583G > A;p.(Asp195Asn) (D195N). By biochemical and cell‐based approaches, the D195N variant disrupts FGF9 protein homodimerisation and FGF9‐heparin‐binding, and reduces both Sertoli cell proliferation and Wnt4 repression. XY Fgf9D195N/D195N foetal mice show a transient disruption of testicular cord development, while XY Fgf9D195N/− foetal mice show partial male‐to‐female gonadal sex reversal. In the general population, the D195N variant occurs at an allele frequency of 2.4 × 10−5, suggesting an oligogenic basis for the patient's DSD. Exome analysis of the patient reveals several known and novel variants in genes expressed in human foetal Sertoli cells at the time of sex determination. Taken together, our results indicate that disruption of FGF9 homodimerization impairs testis determination in mice and, potentially, also in humans in combination with other variants.