Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infants Teething Problems and Mothers' Beliefs in South East of Iran

Background: Teething is a physiological process, which usually does not cause problems. A variety of symptoms are ascribed to infant teething, despite little evidence to support such belief. The wrong beliefs and misconceptions about the symptoms of teething may present serious risks to infants. Objectives: This study aims for determination of the mothers' attitude about the symptoms and signs of infants teething. Methods: Data collection was done using a questionnaire, containing demographic information of the respondents as well as a number of 20 questions about the signs and symptoms of teething. In this study, 220 questionnaires were completed by mothers having 6 - 30 months’ children, with at least one deciduous tooth. Results: The mean age of the mothers was 28.26 ± 5.10 years old. Mean of the first deciduous tooth eruption in them was 7.16 ± 1.60 month. All mother associated, at least, one symptom with teething. In this study, mothers' beliefs were as follows: gum rubbing (91%), biting objects (86%), restlessness and irritability (84%), fever (75%), drooling (70%), and diarrhea (62%). Conclusions: Regarding that symptoms such as fever, diarrhea, and restlessness and irritability are attributed to teething, this can distract parents from serious illnesses, leading to diagnosis and treatment delay.
Eye contact and sociability data suggests that Australian dingoes were never domesticated

Abstract Dogs were the first animal to become domesticated by humans, and they represent a classic model system for unraveling the processes of domestication. We compare Australian dingo eye contact and socialization with Basenji and German Shepherd dog (GSD) breeds. Australian dingoes arrived in Australia 5,000–8,000 BP, and there is debate whether they were domesticated before their arrival. The Basenji represents a primitive breed that diverged from the remaining breeds early in the domestication process, while GSDs are a breed dog selected from existing domestic dogs in the late 1800s. We conducted a 4-phase study with unfamiliar and familiar investigators either sitting passively or actively calling each canid. We found 75% of dingoes made eye contact in each phase. In contrast, 86% of Basenjis and 96% of GSDs made eye contact. Dingoes also exhibited shorter eye-gaze duration than breed dogs and did not respond to their name being called actively. Sociability, quantified as a canid coming within 1 m of the experimenter, was lowest for dingoes and highest for GSDs. For sociability duration, dingoes spent less time within 1 m of the experimenter than either breed dog. When compared with previous studies, these data show that the dingo is behaviorally intermediate between wild wolves and Basenji dogs and suggest that it was not domesticated before it arrived in Australia. However, it remains possible that the accumulation of mutations since colonization has obscured historical behaviors, and dingoes now exist in a feralized retamed cycle. Additional morphological and genetic data are required to resolve this conundrum.
Effect of Ionic Strength on the Solubility of Neptunium(V) Hydroxide

The effect of ionic strength on the solubility of neptunium(V) hydroxide was studied under the oxidizing, C02-free argon atmosphere in the pH range of 7 to 13.5 at room temperature (20—25° C). The solubility was mainly approached from oversaturation direction. The ionic strength was adjusted by NaC104 to 0.012, 0.05, 0.10, 0.40 or 0.80. Estimated values for the solubility product (K¡ρ) and the first and the second hydrolysis constants (ßu β2) were: log Ksp = -10 . 21 ± 0.02, log ßt = 2.91 ± 0.73, log ß2 = 5.50 ± 0.06 at / = 0.80, log Κsp = 9 . 6 1 ± 0.04, log jSj = 3.49 ± 0.25, log β 2 = 4.7 ±1 . 0 at 7=0.40, log = 8 . 9 4 ± 0.01, log β i = 2.67 ± 0.34, log β 2 = 5.74 ±0.07 at 7 = 0.10, log Ksp = 8 . 9 1 ± 0.05, log ßi = 3.31 ± 0.30, log ß2 = 5.74 ± 0.30 at 7 = 0.05 and log Ksp = 8 . 0 4 ± 0.05, log ß2 = 5.16 ± 0.94 at 7 = 0.012, where 7 is the ionic strength in the molarity unit. By using these values, the specific-ion-interaction theory gives the constants at infinite dilution, 7 = 0:log A? p = 8 . 6 8 ±0.26, log ßl = 3.30 ± 0.35 and log ß°2 = 5.58 ± 0.31. Neptunium hydroxide precipitates showed no X-ray diffraction peaks from 1 day to 3 months after preparation. This result indicates that the precipitates remained non-crystalline for up to 3 months.
Deammonification Process Kinetics and Inhibition Evaluation

A number of innovative nitrogen removal technologies have been developed to address the treatment challenges caused by stringent regulations and increasing chemical and energy cost. A major contributing factor to these challenges is the liquid stream originating from the process of dewatering anaerobically digested solids. This liquid, also knows as centrate, reject water or sludge liquor, can cause an increase of up to 25% in ammonia loading. The recently discovered anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process is a major breakthrough for treatment of these streams as it has the potential to remove up to 85% of nitrogen load without external carbon source addition. The anammox process is combined with another process that oxidizes half of the ammonia to nitrite (nitritation) in a separate reactor such as in the SHARON process, or in the same reactor such as in the DEaMmONification (DEMON) process. Despite intensive laboratory research for the last 10 years to fully understand these processes, there is still a high level of skepticism surrounding the implementation of full-scale systems. The reason for this skepticism could be due to frequent failures observed in the lab scale systems as well as reported slow bacterial growth. We think that this technology might be used more effectively in the future if process kinetics, inhibition and toxicity can be better understood. This work focused on the DEMON process with a goal to understand the kinetics and inhibition of the system as a whole and the anammox process in particular. A DEMON pilot study was undertaken at the Alexandria Sanitation Authority (ASA) and had several study participants, including ASA, the District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority (DCWASA), CH2M Hill Inc., Envirosim Ltd, the University of Innsbruck and Virginia Tech. We investigated the growth rate of anammox bacteria within a quasi-optimal environment. Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to assess anaerobic ammonia oxidation inhibition by nitrite as well as aerobic ammonia oxidation inhibition by compounds present in the DEMON reactor feed, such as a defoaming agent, a sludge conditioning polymer, and residual iron from phosphorus removal practices. The study revealed that the DEMON process can be efficiently controlled to limit nitrite accumulation capable of causing process inhibition. The target ammonium loading rate of 0.5
Study of incidence of urinary tract infection during pregnancy and its effect on maternal and perinatal outcome

UTI is the commonest bacterial infection in pregnancy, it occurs more frequently in developing countries, prevalence rate of UTI in pregnant women in America to be 2.5-8.7%, whereas the prevalence of UTI in pregnant women to be 12-40% in developing countries, this was due to difference in the socio-economic levels and standards of living. UTI is the infection of the urogenital system, which can involve urethra, bladder and kidney. UTI during pregnancy is classified as either asymptomatic or symptomatic. Although asymptomatic bacteriuria is the most common, this refers to persistent, actively multiplying bacteria, within the urinary tract in asymptomatic women. If asymptomatic bacteriuria is not treated, approximately 25% of infected women will develop symptomatic infection during pregnancy. Symptomatic and asymptomatic bacteriuria have been reported among 17.9% and 13% pregnant women respectively. UTI was said to be 4-10 times more common in pregnant women than in the nonpregnant women. This was because, during pregnancy, there is a ABSTRACT
Towards a Decolonizing Kinesiology Ethics Model

ABSTRACT Kinesiology is a discipline that relies on colonial, scientific understandings of health and the moving body. In addition, ethics courses in Kinesiology predominantly draw from Eurocentric philosophies and legal paradigms. In this article, however, the authors propose a new model of ethics that adds a greater emphasis on decolonial praxis. This process of decolonizing Kinesiology ethics requires accounting for colonial legacies in curricula and acknowledging the power relations sustained by White, patriarchal, ableist, capitalist systems. Therefore, the proposed Decolonizing Kinesiology Ethics Model (DKEM) offers six heuristics to improve ethical work in a wide range of health and sport-related careers. They are: (a) social justice; (b) practitioner vulnerability; and (c) relationships in a social-political-historical context, alongside traditional ethical principles of (d) autonomy; (e) beneficence; and (f) non-maleficence.
A Systematic Review of Whiteness Assessment Properties and Assumptions: Implications for Counselor Training and Research

Abstract The purpose of this article is to present a systematic review of the structural and psychometric properties of 20 Whiteness scales that relate to multiple dimensions of Whiteness (i.e., racism, antiracism, race essentialism, White racial identity, White racial consciousness, colorblind racial ideology, White privilege, psychosocial costs of racism, and White fragility). Furthermore, we identify the frequency of scale use and the 10 underlying theoretical assumptions upon which their development and validation are based. Findings indicate that while many of the underlying assumptions of Whiteness are shared across scales, there is great variation in scale development and validation procedures as well as concerns related to reliability estimates and norming procedures. We provide implications for counselor training and research to maximize the use of these scales as White counselors seek to engage in culturally competent practice.
Testing for Parameter Instability and Structural Change in Persistent Predictive Regressions

This paper develops parameter instability and structural change tests within predictive regressions for economic systems governed by persistent vector autoregressive dynamics. Specifically, in a setting where all -- or a subset -- of the variables may be fractionally integrated and the predictive relation may feature cointegration, we provide sup-Wald break tests that are constructed using the Local speCtruM (LCM) approach. The new tests cover both parameter variation and multiple structural changes with unknown break dates, and the number of breaks being known or unknown. We establish asymptotic limit theory for the tests, showing that it coincides with standard testing procedures. As a consequence, existing critical values for tied-down Bessel processes may be applied, without modification. We implement the new structural change tests to explore the stability of the fractionally cointegrating relation between implied- and realized volatility (IV and RV). Moreover, we assess the relative efficiency of IV forecasts against a challenging time-series benchmark constructed from high-frequency data. Unlike existing studies, we find evidence that the IV-RV cointegrating relation is unstable, and that carefully constructed time-series forecasts are more efficient than IV in capturing low-frequency movements in RV.
To Provide or Protect? Masculinity, Economic Precarity, and Protective Gun Ownership in the United States

Protection is now the modal motivation for gun ownership, and men continue to outnumber women among gun owners. While research has linked economic precarity (e.g., insecurity and anxiety) to gun ownership and attitudes, separating economic well-being from constructions of masculinity is challenging. In response to blocked economic opportunities, some gun owners prioritize armed protection, symbolically replacing the masculine role of “provider” with one associated with “protection. ” Thus, understanding both persistently high rates of gun ownership in the United States (in spite of generally declining crime) alongside the gender gap in gun ownership requires deeper investigations into the meaning of guns in the United States and the role of guns in conceptualizations of American masculinity. We use recently collected crowdsourced survey data to test this provider-to-protector shift, exploring how economic precarity may operate as a cultural-level masculinity threat for some, and may intersect with marital/family status to shape gun attitudes and behaviors for both gun owners and nonowners. Results show that investments in stereotypical masculine ideals, rather than economic precarity, are linked to support for discourses associated with protective gun ownership and empowerment.
EFEK KOMBINASI SPIRULINA KITOSAN UNTUK PRESERVASI SOKET TERHADAP OSTEOBLAS, OSTEOKLAS DAN KEPADATAN KOLAGEN (EFFECT SPIRULINA CHITOSAN COMBINATION AS A SOCKET PRESERVATION TOOSTEBLAST, OSTEOCLAST, AND COLLAGEN DENSITY)

Abstract Socket preservation is needed to support prosthodontic treatment as prominent alveolar bone is very important due to denture retention and stability. Material that able to prevent excessive bone resorption and improve bone remodelling is necessary to apply into socketpost extraction. Spirulina has antiinflamation and antioxidant properties meanwhile chitosan has mucoadhesive activity. Combination of both material can give sinergic reaction. This research can get appropriate socket preservation material. Twenty eight cavia cobayas divided into 4 groups. After extraction, socket post extraction control group was filled with CMC Na 3%, group I spirulina 12%, group II chitosan 20%, group III combination spirulina 12% chitosan 20%. On day 14 th , Cavia cobayas was terminated and mandible was taken. Histopathology examination on the amount of osteoblast, osteoclast ,collagen, and statistic analysis was done.Data was statistically analise using Kruskal Wallis test. There is significant different between control group and group I, II and III. The highest amount of osteoblast, collagen and the lowest amount of osteoclast was calculated in group III. In conclusion, combination spirulina 12% chitosan 20% can increase the amount of osteoblas and collagen and reduce the amount of osteoclast on day 14 th . Key word: Spirulina, chitosan, socket preservation Abstrak Soket preservasi merupakan tindakan penting dilakukan sehubungan dengan perawatan di bidang prostodonsia yang memerlukan bentukan tulang yang prominen sebagai retensi dan stabilitas untuk pemakaian gigi tiruan. Bahan yang dapat mencegah inflamasi berlebihan dan meningkatkan remodeling tulang perlu diaplikasikan pada soket pasca pencabutan. Biomaterial spirulina memiliki sifat antiinflamasi dan antioksidan serta kitosan yang memiliki sifat mucoadhesive akan dikombinasikan karena memiliki efek sinergis apabila digabungkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untukmendapatkan biomaterial yang memberikan efek untuk preservasi soket. Sebanyak 28 ekor Cavia cobaya (marmot) dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok perlakuan. Setelah dilakukan pencabutan, pada soket kelompok kontrol diinduksi gel CMC Na 3%, kelompok I diinduksi gel spirulina 12%, kelompok II diinduksi gel kitosan 20%, kelompok III diinudksi gel kombinasi spirulina 12% kitosan 20%. Pada hari ke 14, hewan coba dieksekusi dan diambil mandibulanya. Kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan histopatologi jumlah osteoblas, osteoklas dan kolagen pada daerah 1/3 soket. Data hasil pemeriksaan dianalisis menggunakan Kruskal Wallis test. Pada pemeriksaan hari ke 14 terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan. Jumlah osteoblas dan kolagen paling tinggi pada kelompok III dan jumlah osteoklas paling rendah pada kelompok III. Sebagai kesimpulan, kombinasi spirulina 12% dan kitosan 20% meningkatkan jumlah osteoblas dan kolagen dan menurunkan jumlah osteoklas pada hari ke 14. Kata kunci : Spirulina, kitosan, preservasi soket
Is There a Link between Welfare Regime and Attitudes toward Climate Policy Instruments?

We explore the relationship between welfare regime and climate policy attitudes. The synergy hypothesis suggests that social and environmental policies can reinforce each other. Thus, more universal and generous welfare state model (i.e., welfare regime) is said to provide especially fertile ground for advancing climate policies. Using multilevel modeling and European Social Survey Round 8 data (including 23 countries in Europe and Israel), we test whether this hypothesis applies at the attitudinal level. Moreover, we hypothesize that country-level political trust predicts support for climate policy instruments. The study focuses on three instruments: fossil fuel taxation, subsidizing renewable energy, and banning energy-inefficient household appliances. The results indicate that welfare regime is significantly related to attitudes toward taxation, but less significantly toward subsidizing and banning. Political trust predicted support for all instruments, but the effect was particularly strong for taxation. The results highlight the importance of welfare structures in climate politics.
Effect of alloying elements on the ideal strength and charge redistribution of γ′-Ni3Al: a first-principles study of tensile deformation

The ideal strength, which is the minimum stress required to yield a perfect crystal, is fundamental for understanding the mechanical properties of real materials. Using density functional theory, the effect of the alloying elements Ta, W, Re, Mo, and Co on the ideal tensile strength (σIT) of γ′-Ni3Al along three characteristic directions was investigated. By examining the crystal mechanical stability in terms of Born criteria at every single strain during the tensile tests, the σIT values of L12-Ni3Al along the [001], [110] and [111] directions are determined to be 12.93 GPa, 7.20 GPa and 25.55 GPa, respectively. The effect of alloying elements on σIT shows obvious directionality because of directional interactions between impurities and host atoms. Doping with Ta, W, Re, Mo, and Co increases σIT in the [110] direction by 13%, 18%, 21%, 17%, and 5%, respectively. Furthermore, the electronic mechanism underlying the strengthening effect of alloying elements is determined by analyzing the d-orbital partial density of states and charge redistribution.
Regional Drought Risk in the Contiguous United States

In this study, we provide an outlook for regional drought risk in the contiguous US (CONUS) in the near future based on ongoing drought trends, and assess its impacts on soil moisture, streamflow, and water supply in different regions. It is found that the meteorological drought risk has been decreasing in northern parts of the CONUS and increasing in the Southwest and Southeast United States (US). In the Southwest US, droughts are associated with severe deficits in soil moisture and streamflow, which can adversely affect ecosystems in the region. Meanwhile, droughts are expected to have severe impacts on water supply and agriculture in the Southeast US due to increasing water demand, limited storage capacity, and predominantly rainfed agriculture in the region. The study shows that the impacts of droughts on natural and human systems are influenced by nonlinearity of the drought propagation process and vary significantly across regions in the CONUS.
Modulation of wrist stiffness caused by adaptation to stochastic environment

We can catch all sorts of falling objects like eggs or balls. We must predict the dynamical properties of objects to interact with them, but doing so precisely is difficult. The CNS is suggested to modulate the mechanical impedance of the musculoskeletal dynamics to accomplish robust control and overcome variability in environmental dynamics. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that musculoskeletal stiffness increases as the degree of variability in the environment increase through the motor adaptation process. We conducted a ball-catching task experiment in a virtual reality system where the load force of the ball changed every trial and measured the muscle activity in the wrist to estimate its joint stiffness. We found that group level wrist stiffness after adaptation monotonically increased against load force variability. Meanwhile, some participants showed a non-monotonic relationship between wrist stiffness and load force variability. The results of the experiment and computational simulations suggest that the CNS may adapt to a stochastic environment by modulating musculoskeletal stiffness level under the trade-off between movement accuracy and energetic cost. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Revisiting animal photo‐identification using deep metric learning and network analysis

An increasing number of ecological monitoring programmes rely on photographic capture–recapture of individuals to study distribution, demography and abundance of species. Photo‐identification of individuals can sometimes be done using idiosyncratic coat or skin patterns, instead of using tags or loggers. However, when performed manually, the task of going through photographs is tedious and rapidly becomes too time‐consuming as the number of pictures grows. Computer vision techniques are an appealing and unavoidable help to tackle this apparently simple task in the big‐data era. In this context, we propose to revisit animal re‐identification using image similarity networks and metric learning with convolutional neural networks (CNNs), taking the giraffe as a working example. We first developed an end‐to‐end pipeline to retrieve a comprehensive set of re‐identified giraffes from about 4,000 raw photographs. To do so, we combined CNN‐based object detection, SIFT pattern matching and image similarity networks. We then quantified the performance of deep metric learning to retrieve the identity of known individuals, and to detect unknown individuals never seen in the previous years of monitoring. After a data augmentation procedure, the re‐identification performance of the CNN reached a Top‐1 accuracy of about 90%, despite the very small number of images per individual in the training dataset. While the complete pipeline succeeded in re‐identifying known individuals, it slightly under‐performed with unknown individuals. Fully based on open‐source software packages, our work paves the way for further attempts to build automatic pipelines for re‐identification of individual animals, not only in giraffes but also in other species.
The intergenerational correlation of employment in Europe: a cross-country analysis

ABSTRACT We analyse the long-run intergenerational correlation of employment in Europe, providing cross-country evidence. Using the 2011 special module on Intergenerational Transmission, from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC), we analyse the correlation between the current employment status of respondents, and that of their parents when respondents were 14 years old, in nine European countries. Estimates show that the intergenerational correlation of employment varies across countries and by gender, and is, in most cases, small or non-statistically significant.
Synergistic Effect on CO2 Capture by Binary Solvent System

CO2 absorption into a binary solvent system was studied using a batch‐mode gas/liquid absorption apparatus. The binary system composed of potassium carbonate (K2CO3) and piperazine (PZ) showed a strong synergistic effect, whereby the binary solvent performed better than either of the individual solvents for CO2 absorption. The other pairs of solvents tested (K2CO3/monoethanolamine (MEA) and K2CO3/NaOH) showed no synergistic effects. The results indicate that this synergistic effect only occurs with specific pairs of solvents. The mechanism for the synergistic effect is postulated that the activated CO2 on PZ migrates to K2CO3, or a more reactive intermediate complex between K2CO3 and PZ is formed.