Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct numerical simulation of H2/O2/N2 flames with complex chemistry in two-dimensional turbulent flows

Premixed H2/O2/N2 flames propagating in two-dimensional turbulence have been studied using direct numerical simulations (DNS: simulations in which all fluid and thermochemical scales are fully resolved). Simulations include realistic chemical kinetics and molecular transport over a range of equivalence ratios Φ (Φ = 0.35, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, 1.3). The validity of the flamelet assumption for premixed turbulent flames is checked by comparing DNS data and results obtained for steady strained premixed flames with the same chemistry (flamelet ‘library’). This comparison shows that flamelet libraries overestimate the influence of stretch on flame structure. Results are also compared with earlier zero-chemistry (flame sheet) and one-step chemistry simulations. Consistent with the simpler models, the turbulent flame with realistic chemistry aligns preferentially with extensive strain rates in the tangent plane and flame curvature probability density functions are close to symmetric with near-zero means. For very lean flames it is also found that the local flame structure correlates with curvature as predicted by DNS based on simple chemistry. However, for richer flames, by contrast to simple-chemistry results with non-unity Lewis numbers (ratio of thermal to species diffusivity), local flame structure does not correlate with curvature but rather with tangential strain rate. Turbulent straining results in substantial thinning of the flame relative to the steady unstrained laminar case. Heat-release and H2O2 contours remain thin and connected (‘flamelet-like’) while species including H-atom and OH are more diffuse. Peak OH concentration occurs well behind the peak heat-release zone when the flame temperature is high (of the order of 2800 K). For cooler and leaner flames (about 1600 K and for an equivalence ratio below 0.5) the OH radical is concentrated near the reaction zone and the maximum OH level provides an estimate of the local flamelet speed as assumed by Becker et al. (1990).
Rapid Induction of Protective Immunity against Pneumonic Plague by Yersinia pestis Polymeric F1 and LcrV Antigens

In a recent study, we demonstrated that vaccination with the polymeric F1 capsule antigen of the plague pathogen Yersinia pestis led to the rapid induction of a protective humoral immune response via the pivotal activation of innate-like B1b cells. Conversely, the monomeric version of F1 failed to promptly protect vaccinated animals in this model of the bubonic plague. In this study, we examined the ability of F1 to confer the rapid onset of protective immunity in the more challenging mouse model of the pneumonic plague. Vaccination with one dose of F1 adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide elicited effective protection against subsequent lethal intranasal exposure to a fully virulent Y. pestis strain within a week. Interestingly, the addition of the LcrV antigen shortened the time required for achieving such rapid protective immunity to 4–5 days after vaccination. As found previously, the polymeric structure of F1 was essential in affording the accelerated protective response observed by covaccination with LcrV. Finally, in a longevity study, a single vaccination with polymeric F1 induced a higher and more uniform humoral response than a similar vaccination with monomeric F1. However, in this setting, the dominant contribution of LcrV to long-lasting immunity against a lethal pulmonary challenge was reiterated.
Humidity sensor using a single molecular transistor

Nanoelectronic devices have attracted significant interest for their potential as chemical/gas sensors. In this work, the performance and operation of a novel single molecular transistor based humidity sensor are demonstrated for the first time using density function theory based Ab-initio calculations. The device has a novel design, which can allow real-time detection through the charge stability diagram. It is found that this method can allow large temperature range of operation with extremely high detection sensitivity than the presently available sensors, while the simplistic design can be useful for practical experimental realisation.
Some methods for flows past blunt slender bodies

It is suggested that the use of prolate spheroidal co-ordinates in certain problems involving slender bodies may lead to results which not only are more likely to be uniformly valid for blunt bodies, but in many cases require less complicated analysis than results obtained by standard methods which use cylindrical co-ordinates. The method is developed for a simple problem in potential theory and is then applied also to a problem in Stokes flow, yielding a procedure for obtaining the Stokes drag on a slender body of arbitrary shape. For comparison purposes, consideration is also given to the use of both cylindrical and di-polar co-ordinates, and as a by-product of the comparison of results on cylindrical and spheroidal systems some new simple formulae involving Legendre polynomials are obtained heuristically, and then rigorously proved.
Are Translation Equivalents Always Activated When Bilinguals Perform a Task in One of Their Languages? Behavioral and ERP Evidence of the Role of the Task

This study investigates the extent to which highly proficient Spanish–Catalan bilinguals activate Spanish translation equivalents when they are presented with Catalan words. Participants performed a translation recognition task (Experiment 1) or a primed lexical decision task (Experiment 2) where the relationship between the first presented (Catalan) word and the second presented (Spanish) word was manipulated. Semantic and form relationships between the first and the second words were examined. Semantic relatedness produced a behavioral interference effect in the translation recognition task and a facilitation effect in the primed lexical decision task. The semantic manipulation also affected the N400 component. Form relatedness produced a behavioral interference effect only in the translation recognition task, which was accompanied by a modulation of the LPC component. In contrast, there were no effects of the formal manipulation in the primed lexical decision task. These results, which are discussed in relation to the revised hierarchical model (RHM), suggest that activation of translation equivalents is a by-product of the type of task.
On the robustness of changes in extreme precipitation over Europe from two high resolution climate change simulations

Two Regional Climate Model (RCM) projections of changes in extreme precipitation over Europe are assessed and compared. This provides insight into the importance of RCM formulation in representing changes in climate extremes at high spatial resolution. The models concerned are two recent Hadley Centre RCMs, HadRM2 and HadRM3, and are applied at a horizontal resolution of approximately 50 km over Europe, nested within the Hadley Centre coupled Atmosphere Ocean General Circulation Model (AOGCM), HadCM2. The simulation periods are thirty years with fixed concentrations of greenhouse gases representing the climate of 1961–1990 and twenty years representing transient climate change for 2080–2100. The use of common boundary conditions to drive the two RCMs allows us to determine whether their different formulations significantly alter the downscaled projections.
How Reliable Are Impact Factors for Ranking Water Resources Journals? An Analysis of the 70,878 Citation Records of the 2002 and 2021 Top 10 Journals for the Last Two Decades

Despite regularly being criticized, the Impact Factor (IF) remains a widely used journal analysis metric. In the Water Resources category of the Web of Science, a thorough investigation of the reliability of this metric is lacking. This study analyzed the citation records of the top 10 journals from 2002 through 2021 for the last two decades. Important to note, there are inconsistencies in the Web of Science database. Contradictory to many fields, few papers are uncited. However, the Simpson paradox applies. More specifically, on the one hand, the correlation between citations to papers 7 years post publication and 1 or 2 years post publication (which determine the IF) has increased, which supports this metric. On the other hand, many of the most highly cited papers at the time of the IF calculation are lowly cited 5 years afterward. Additionally, most currently very highly cited papers were relatively uncited when they were used in the IF calculation. This raises doubt about the usefulness of this metric. For a limited number of journals, papers from individual nations strongly influence the IF. Also, for a few journals, the IFs are strongly influenced by review papers, but leaving these out of the IF does change the top 3 and 10 of the rankings. The general conclusion is that IFs do contain some valuable information about the journals' citation impact, but that using them to rank journals is questionable practice.
The Effect of One Night of Sleep on Mnemonic Discrimination of Emotional Information

Mnemonic discrimination is the process of separating similar but distinct experiences and memories in the brain. This process seems to be differently modulated by retention periods that included sleep or only wakefulness. The current study was designed to explore whether a night of sleep may modulate emotional mnemonic discrimination. Thirty-eight participants performed the encoding phase of an emotional mnemonic similarity task composed of 48 negative, 48 neutral, and 48 positive pictures at 9 am (Wake group) or 9 pm (Sleep group). The encoding was followed by an immediate test (T1) in which participants were exposed to 36 targets (old), 36 foils (new), and 36 lures (similar) pictures, and they had to decide whether the pictures were old, new, or similar. Twelve hours later, they performed a delayed test (T2), similar to T1 but with different stimuli. Overall, performances decreased from T1 to T2. There were no differences between groups for recognition memories, whereas the reduction in mnemonic discrimination was more pronounced in the Wake group. Moreover, negative pictures were better discriminated that the neutral and positive ones. In conclusion, the current study showed that a night of sleep can stabilize mnemonic discrimination, regardless of the valence of the encoded stimuli, suggesting that sleep may not preferentially process emotional information.
Characteristics of billow clouds and their relation to clear-air turbulence

Existing theory of the stability of a stably stratified fluid containing a strong vertical shear suggests that unstable waves may develop when the curvature of the velocity profile changes sign and the Richardson number is somewhere less than 1/4. Some observations are described which show the properties of atmospheric billow clouds formed in travelling amplifying waves (transverse to the shear vector), on occasions when these conditions appear to be met. Static instability seems to arise in parts of the wave-pattern where layers are inverted, and to cause a convective overturning, which may halt the wave development. The most pronounced waves occur in the upper troposphere in association with jet streams, in layers of strong wind shear which are usually dry. They probably only rarely produce clouds, and may more frequently be responsible for the clear-air turbulence encountered by aircraft. The associated relative air velocities occur over a range of scales: up to about 1 km in the convective regions, and up to the several km associated with the billow wave-lengths, with magnitudes of up to 10 m sec−1 or more.
MicroRNA expression in apical periodontitis and pulpal inflammation: a systematic review

Background The aim of this systematic review is to determine microRNAs (miRs) that are differently expressed between diseased pulpal and periapical tissues. Design This systematic review used PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, ProQuest, Cochrane database as well as manual searching to extract studies from January 2012 up to February 2022. Results A total of 12 studies met the eligibility criteria were included. All selected studies were of case-control type. Twenty-four miRNAs associated with apical periodontitis, 11 were found to be upregulatedand 13 were downregulated. Four out of the 44 miRs associated with pulpal inflammation were upregulated, whereas forty were downregulated. Six miRs, namely hsa-miR-181b, hsa-miR-181c,hsa-miR-455-3p,hsa-miR-128-3p, hsa-miR199a-5p, and hsa-miR-95, exhibited considerable downregulation in both periapical and pulp tissues. Conclusion MiRs have been investigated for their role in pulpal and periapical biology and may be utilised in diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Further investigations are required to determine why certain irreversible pulpitis situations progress to apical periodontitis and others do not, based on the various miR expressions. Moreover, clinical and laboratory trials are needed to support this theory.
Possible Causes of Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy in the La Ferrassie 1 Neanderthal

For over a century, researchers have been perplexed by the unique osteological findings on La Ferrassie 1 (LF1), one of the most complete Neanderthal remains ever found. In 1997, Fennel and Trinkaus proposed that LF1 suffered from hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA), likely secondary to chronic thoracic infection or pulmonary malignancy. This disease process can have many etiologies, and no study has fully explored the possible origin of LF1's HOA. Ultimately, it is most likely that LF1's HOA etiology arose from one of the many infectious diseases that prehistoric Neanderthals were exposed to, specifically a chronic pulmonary RNA virus.
Experimental observations of the spatial anisotropy of the neutron emission in a medium energy plasma focus

The results of experiments carried out on the DPF-78, a 60 kV, 28 kT plasma focus device are presented. The primary objective of these experiments was to investigate the spatial anisotropy of the neutron emission and to correlate the total neutron yield with hard X-ray emission and the presence of hot spots. To influence the plasma parameters, gas fillings of deuterium with doping of neon, argon, and krypton were used. An admixture of gases with an equivalent mass density of 5 mbar of D/sub 2/ was employed throughout the experiment. A novel technique for neutron detection was used, which allowed the recording of neutron signals at close distance to the focus (65 cm), with minimal dispersion of the signal due to time of flight and yet high X-ray rejection. A set of these detectors was placed at different angular positions to investigate the polar distribution in the neutron emission. It was identified for the first time that in a medium energy plasma focus device, the neutron emission is composed of two periods, similar to that reported in high energy devices. It was found that the first period occurs immediately before the maximum compression and lasts less than 50 ns while the second period lasts between 150 and 200 ns. It was found that the polar distribution of the neutron emission shows a strong anisotropy during the second period and depends on the Z of the doping gas. No correlation was found between the total neutron yield (about 10/sup 10/) and the hard X-ray emission or appearance of hot spots.
EFFECT OF ELASTIC FOUNDATION ON ASYMMETRIC VIBRATION OF POLAR ORTHOTROPIC LINEARLY TAPERED CIRCULAR PLATES

Asymmetric vibrations of polar orthotropic circular plates of linearly varying thickness resting on an elastic foundation of Winkler type are discussed on the basis of the classical plate theory. Ritz method has been employed to obtain the natural frequencies of vibration using the functions based upon the static deflection of polar orthotropic plates, which has faster rate of convergence as compared to the polynomial co-ordinate functions. Frequency parameter of the plate with elastically restrained edge conditions are presented for various values of taper parameter, rigidity ratio and foundation parameter. A comparison of the results with those available in the literature obtained by finite element method, receptance method and polynomial co-ordinate functions shows an excellent agreement.
N6-methyladenosine related gene expression signatures for predicting the overall survival and immune responses of patients with colorectal cancer

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been demonstrated to exhibit a crucial prognostic effect on colorectal cancer (CRC). Nonetheless, potential mechanism of m6A in survival rate and immunotherapeutic response remains unknown. Here we investigated the genes associated with m6A regulators and developed a risk score for predicting the overall survival (OS) of CRC patients. RNA-seq transcriptomic profiling data of COAD/READ samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO)- Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify the m6A-related gene expression signatures and the selected genes were inputted into stepwise regression to develop a prognostic risk score in TCGA, and its predictive performance of CRC survival was further validated in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. According to our results, the risk score comprising 18 m6A-related mRNAs was significantly associated with CRC survival in both TCGA and GEO datasets. And the stratified analysis also confirmed that high-risk score acted as a poor factor in different age, sex, T stage, and tumour, node, metastasis (TNM) stages. The m6A-related prognostic score in combination with clinical characteristics yielded time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) of 0.85 (95%CI: 0.79–0.91), 0.84 (95%CI: 0.79–0.90) and 0.80 (95%CI: 0.71–0.88) for the prediction of the 1-, 3-, 5-year OS of CRC in TCGA cohort. Furthermore, mutation of oncogenes occurred more frequently in the high-risk group and the composition of immune cells in tumour microenvironment (TME) was significantly distinct between the low- and high-risk groups. The low-risk group had a lower microsatellite instability (MSI) score, T-cell exclusion score and dysfunction score, implying that low-risk patients may have a better immunotherapy response than high-risk patients. In summary, a prognostic risk score derived from m6A-related gene expression signatures could serve as a potential prognostic predictor for CRC survival and indicator for predicting immunotherapy response in CRC patients.
Stochastic Geometry-Based Age of Information Performance Analysis for Privacy Preservation-Oriented Mobile Crowdsensing

As a promising enabler for sensing data collection manner, Mobile Crowdsensing (MCS) can play an important role due to its low implementation cost, flexible collection manner and controllable data quality traits. To investigate the sensing data freshness metric as well as ensure the data security, with the help of stochastic geometry tool, this paper designs a Non-Orthgonal Multiple Access (NOMA)-based Age of Information (AoI) performance analysis for privacy preservation-oriented MCS. To be specific, the privacy-preserving MCS system model is established at first. Then, based on stochastic geometry and queue theory, the AoI performance under cryptography guarantee is investigated. Next, given the traits of wireless channel and mobile terminal, mathematical AoI expressions for sensing data are determined under different serving rules, queue models and transmission schemes. Finally, under various parameter settings, numerical results evaluate the correctness and effectiveness of the established AoI model.
Characteristics of hydrogen co-doped ZnO : Al thin films

ZnO films co-doped with H and Al (HAZO) were prepared by sputtering ZnO targets containing 1 wt% Al2O3 on Corning glass at a substrate temperature of 150 °C with Ar and H2/Ar gas mixtures. The effects of hydrogen addition to Al-doped ZnO (AZO) films with low Al content on the electrical, the optical and the structural properties of the as-grown films as well as the vacuum- and air-annealed films were examined. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis showed that the hydrogen concentration increased with increasing H2 in sputter gas. For the as-deposited films, the free carrier number increased with increasing H2. The Hall mobility increased at low hydrogen content, reaching a maximum before decreasing with a further increase of H2 content in sputter gas. Annealing at 300 °C resulted in the removal of hydrogen, causing a decrease in the carrier concentration. It was shown that hydrogen might exist as single isolated interstitial hydrogen bound with oxygen, thereby acting like an anionic dopant. Also, it was shown that the addition of hydrogen to ZnO films doped with low metallic dopant concentration could yield transparent conducting films with very low absorption loss as well as with proper electrical properties, which is suitable for thin film solar cell applications.
Generalization of the analytical inversion method for the solution of the point kinetics equations

A method based on the analytical inversion of polynomials of the point kinetics matrix is applied to the solution of the reactor kinetics equations. This method permits a fast inversion of polynomials by going temporarily to the complex plane. Several cases using various options of the method are presented for comparison. The method developed was found to be very fast and accurate, and has the ability to reproduce all the features of transients, including prompt jump. The analysis of the assumption of constant parameters, reactivity, and source, during a time step, are included. It is concluded that the method provides a fast and accurate computational technique for the point kinetics equations with step reactivity.
A Riemannian Framework for Structurally Curated Functional Clustering of Brain White Matter Fibers

White matter (WM) consists of fibers that transmit information from one brain region to another, and functional fiber clustering that combines diffusion and functional MRI provides a novel perspective for exploring the functional architecture of axonal fibers. However, existing methods only concern functional signals in gray matter (GM), whereas the connecting fibers may not transmit relevant functional signals. There has been growing evidence that neural activity is encoded in WM BOLD signals as well, which provides rich multimodal information for fiber clustering. In this paper, we develop a comprehensive Riemannian framework for functional fiber clustering using WM BOLD signals along fibers. Specifically, we derive a novel metric that is highly discriminative of different functional classes while reducing the variability within classes and, in the meantime, enables low-dimensional coding of high-dimensional data. Our in vivo experiments show that the proposed framework is able to achieve clustering results with inter-subject consistency and functional homogeneity. In addition, we develop an atlas of WM functional architecture for standardizable yet flexible use and exemplify a machine-learning-based application for the classification of autism spectrum disorders, which further demonstrates the great potential of our approach in practical applications.
The Direction of the North Pole and the Control Network of Asteroid 951 Gaspra

A control network containing 19 points identified on Galileo images obtained during the October 1991 flyby was used to determine the direction of Gaspra's north pole. We find the right ascension and declination (in J2000 coordinates) to be αo = 9.5° ± δo = 26.7° ± 1.2°. This result agrees with earlier determinations based on telescopic observations of Gaspra's lightcurve. We confirm that the rotation is prograde, but we lack the time base to improve the value of the rotation period of 0.2934197 days determined by lightcurve analysis (Magnusson et al. 1992). We propose a prime meridian (0° longitude) that passes through the center of the 630-m-diameter crater Charax, a selection that places the prime meridian close to Gaspra's long axis.