Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Establishment and characterization of a cell line derived from kidney of channel catfish,Ictaluris punctatus

Channel catfish,Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque,is one of the most popular cultured species all over the world.With the rapid development of channel cat fish aquaculture in China,disease problems of the fish have become more and more serious and caused great economic losses.Therefore,cell lines derived from channel cat fish are urgently needed for the isolation and identification of viral pathogens and for the generation of disease control protocols.Herein,a cell line,designated as CCK,has been established from the kidney of channel catfish by using tissue explant techniques.CCK cell line has been continuously subcultured over 70 times and has been fully characterized in the aspects of morphological observation,optimal growth kinetics,plating efficiency,karyotyping, cryopreservation and 28S ribosome RNA genotyping,etc.The CCK cell monolayer consists of fibroblast-like cells and the optimal growth condition for CCK cells is:in M199 medium,under 28-32℃temperature;with 10%FBSs upplemented.Under such optimized condition the doubling time of CCK cell numbers in culture is about 38.9-41.0 h.The plating efficiency of CCK cells is about 74%. After cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen for 6 months,thawed cells exhibit a viability of(86.69±1.04)%. Chromosome typing of CCK cell line revealed that at the 9th passage the diploid chromosome numeber was 2n=58,and at the 33th passage the modal number is 60.Polymerase chain reaction amplification of partial 28S ribosome RNA gene and sequence analysis of CCK cell indicated that it has 94.0%identity to the sequence of 18S rRNA(AF056008)in channel catfish,which confirms that the cell line was of channel catfish origin.
Intestinal parasitic infections among rural villages in Basrah marshes regions

An epidemiological study were conducted during the period from June 2011 till October 2011. A total of (294) stool samples were collected and examined for intestinal parasites infections. The samples were taken from children (159 male and 135 female) from 1< to 14 years old in two rural villages (Abu-Malah and Harer) found in Basrah marshlands regions. The total prevalence of infection with Enterobius vermicularis was (50.32% , 44.6%) in Abu-Malah and Harer village, respectively. Moreover, the total prevalence of infection with Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia was, (23.87% , 30,93%) and (45.16% , 18.7%) in Abu-Malah and Harer village respectively. While, the lower prevalence of infection was recorded for Ascaris lumbricoides and Hymenolepis nana (2.58% , 3.59%) and (3.87% , 6.47%) in both villages, respectively. The total prevalence of infection with intestinal parasites was (75.51%) in both villages.
Periodic Solutions of Linear Neutral Functional Differential Equations with Infinite Delay

In this paper, we chose space Cg as phase space. It had been proved that for linear neutral functional differential equations of D-operator type with infinite delay, there was a periodic solution if and only if there was a bounded solution. Our results were different from the ones given in Acta Mathematica Sinica, 4(2000)695-702.
Behavioral Characteristics of Serpophaginine Tyrannids

The tyrant flycatchers comprise a family with unusually broad ecological radiation, but most are birds for which we have as yet very little information about even gross behavior patterns, and for which phylogenetic relationships remain uncertain. One group is ecologically interesting because its species forage in ways at least superficially analogous to wood warblers, vireos, titmice, wagtails, and Old World reed warblers and grass warblers. In many cases the tyrannids even resemble these other groups in plumage characteristics. This group falls within Hellmayr's (1927) subfamilies Serpophaginae and Euscarthminae. Although I shall argue in subsequent papers that these two subfamilies should not be distinguished, a large number of species and genera are involved and it is convenient to use Hellmayr's classification as a framework for presenting information about their behavior. Most of his serpophaginine species form a coherent phylogenetic group even if they appear to be as closely related to some euscarthminine genera as they are to each other. My studies began in 1959 and continued intermittently through 1969 when time was available from more intensive work with other tyrannid genera. The amount learned about the behavior of different species varies greatly, but some major patterns of display behavior (i.e., evolutionarily stylized signalling) and of behavioral aspects of ecology are now apparent. These permit reassessment of some relationships currently recognized (e.g., by Hellmayr 1927, Zimmer, MS, and de Schauensee 1966) at the generic level, and based in large part on characteristics available in museum skins. Because these characteristics (primarily bill and leg morphology and plumage pattern and coloration) relate to environmental parameters, knowledge of ecological behavior is pertinent to the interpretation of their systematic significance. Display characteristics add yet another dimension for comparison. The material is presented below by taking each of Hellmayr's genera, briefly describing the plumages and ranges of its species, seeking similarities and differences in general habitat preferences and foraging methods, then considering the vocal and visible displays. Dislays are given capitalized names in accordnce with established ethological procedure, and are described and compared in physical form and employment, emphasizing similarities an differences among displays that are used i similar ways (i.e., accompanied by compa able behavior patterns) by different species. Through what is now known about the employment of displays in tyrannid genera where whole repertoires have been much more thoroughly studied (e.g., Tyrannus, Smith 1966; Sayornis, Smith 1969b, 1970a, b; Contopus, Myiozetetes, Pitangus, and Myiodyna tes, Smith, MS), it is possible to estimate what kinds of serpophaginine displays have been sampled. Further, studies of members of et other Hellmayrian subfamilies such as the Eu carthminae (Smith, unpubl. data) and Fluvicolinae (Smith 1967, 1970c, 1971) permit the forms of these displays to be considered within a broader perspective.
Snow Depths and Ungulate Abundance in the Mountains of Western Canada

It is long established that "severe winters," or "'hard winters," cause fluctuations in ungulate populations. Annual reports of the British Columbia Game Department have noted since 1912 that such winters may cause serious declines. Roe (1951) reports "hunters' traditions" as early as 1875 attributing bison decreases on the American prairies to severe winters. Published accounts of ungulate mortality due to severe winters or deep snow involve a wide range of species in a large geographic area. Holzworth (1930: 23) notes that blacktailed deer on the islands of southern Alaska die in thousands during severe winters. Spiker (1933) considers deep snow as the only important factor in winter mortality of Adirondack white-tails. Rand (1947) concludes that severe winters with deep snow are the worst enemy of pronghorn antelope in Alberta. Murie (1944) records heavy losses in Dall sheep, and in moose, during severe winters with deep snow in Alaska. Roe (1951) quotes numerous historic references describing American bison declines because of snow, but discredits most of them in support of his thesis that man, not snow, was the bison's chief enemy. Cowan (1950) records a cold winter with deep snow that reduced mountain goat survival in the Canadian Rockies, and later (1952) calls winter the greatest enemy of goats. The latter paper also postulates the near extermination of elk in the Rocky Mountain region as a result of severe winters in the 1870's and in
Competitive Effect and Response Rankings in 20 Wetland Plants: Are They Consistent Across Three Environments?

1 There is evidence that plants in natural communities form transitive competitive hierarchies, but the pervasiveness and malleability of hierarchies remain controversial. We constructed three competitive rankings among 20 wetland plant species in conditions known to be important in wetlands: a mesic, fertile environment, an infertile environment and a flooded environment. 2 Rankings were constructed using plants grown from seed in pairwise combinations for one growing season in an outdoor compound. The indicator species used to construct the rankings were Carex crinita, Gnaphalium uliginosum and Lycopus americanus. The others represented a wide array of morphologies, habitats and abundances and ranged from the large cosmopolitan Typha angustifolia to the small and rare Sabatia kennedyana. 3 Competitive rankings formed in all three environments. Competitive effect rankings based upon the results for all three indicator species were significantly concordant across the three environments (W = 0.59; P 0.3) and were not concordant when calculated separately for each indicator species. Within any environment, response rankings were significantly concordant for two out of the three indicator species. 5 Competitive effect rankings tended to be constant across environments and were sensitive to the kind of neighbour. Competitive response rankings varied across environments and were insensitive to the kind of neighbour.
Histopathological Changes in Gallbladder Mucosa Associated with Cholelithiasis: A Prospective Study

Background and Aims: Cholelithiasis is known to produce diverse histopathological changes in the gallbladder mucosa. In the present study, we aimed to find the correlation between various gallstone characteristics (i.e., number, size, and morphological type) with the type of mucosal response in gallbladder mucosa (i.e., inflammation, hyperplasia, metaplasia, and carcinoma). Methods: The present study was conducted prospectively on 100 patients undergoing cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholecystitis. Gallstones were assessed for various parameters, i.e., number, size, and morphological type. Gallbladder mucosa was subjected to histopathological examination. Sections were taken from body, fundus, and neck of gallbladder. Results: Of 100 cases, maximum type was of mixed stones (54%) and was multiple in number (46%). However, gallstone type and number are nonsignificant variables to produce precancerous lesions (i.e., hyperplasia and metaplasia). Statistically significant results were obtained while comparing the mucosal response with gallstone size (P = 0.012). Conclusion: As the gallstone size increases, the response in gallbladder mucosa changes from cholecystitis, hyperplasia, and metaplasia to carcinoma. Gallstone type and number are nonsignificant variables to produce precancerous lesions.
Palonosetron attenuates 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine induced preneoplastic colon damage through downregulating acetylcholinesterase expression and up-regulating synaptic acetylcholine concentration

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of palonosetron (PAL) against 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon cancer. Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8). Group 1 served as normal control (1 mM EDTA + saline, 2 ml per kg per day, s.c.); group 2 toxic control; group 2, 3 and 4 received DMH (20 mg per kg per week, s.c.), for 6 weeks; groups 3 and 4 also received PAL (0.25 and 0.50 mg per kg per day, p.o) for 6 weeks. DMH treated rats showed altered heart rate variability (HRV) factors, increased incidence of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), distorted antioxidant markers (TBAR's, SOD, catalase, GSH) and increased levels inflammatory markers (COX). The colonic surface architecture, studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealed aberrant crypts (500×) and preneoplastic nodules (2000×). PAL treatment helped to minimize the ACF count, and restored oxidative and inflammatory markers favorably. To further validate our results, we directed our study to define the effect of PAL on acetylcholine (Ach) neurotransmission using a simple model organism, C. elegans. Increased cholinergic transmission by PAL (8 μM) was evident in the worms when studied through an aldicarb assay. However, PAL (2 μM, 4 μM and 8 μM) treatment negatively modulated nAchR, when evaluated using the levamisole assay. The increased synaptic Ach levels can be attributed to the decreased levels of acetylcholinesterase (AchE), which could be attributed to the decreased genomic levels of ace-1 and ace-2. The above findings were also supported by the fact, that we observed decreased AchE activity in PAL treated rats. In addition the downregulation in the expression of unc-38 (one of the necessary components of nAchR) sufficiently links with the decreased nAchR activity. Our findings emphasize the potential role of PAL in the suppression of colon carcinogenesis.
Active packaging for fresh-cut iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.).

O processamento minimo de produtos horticolas agrega valor a materia-prima e sao convenientes ao consumidor, devido a facilidade de preparo e consumo. O objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver uma embalagem ativa para alface americana ( Lactuca sativa L.) minimamente processada visando o aumento da vida util. Foi definida uma metodologia de processamento minimo e a qualidade do produto foi acompanhada atraves de avaliacao sensorial, fisico-quimica e microbiologica. As cabecas de alface foram desfolhadas, selecionadas, pre-lavadas, sanificadas (100 ppm de cloro ativo) por 15 minutos e centrifugadas. As folhas foram acondicionadas em potes de polipropileno contendo saches com 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) e seladas com filme biodegradavel de amido. Logo apos o processamento, o produto foi armazenado a 4oC por 12 dias. Periodicamente amostras foram avaliadas sensorialmente (aparencia e intencao de compra) e foram determinados os teores de solidos soluveis e vitamina C, pH, textura, cor, perda de massa e contagem total de microrganismos mesofilos, psicrotroficos, bacterias laticas, bolores e leveduras. O uso de 1-MCP na forma de sache nao aumentou a vida util da alface em relacao ao controle, mas o processamento minimo associado a embalagem selada com filme biodegradavel e uma tecnica viavel, pois o produto apresentou boa aceitacao sensorial, contaminacao microbiologica baixa e vida de prateleira de 5 dias a 4 o C.
Oxygen Consumption, Gas Exchange, and Growth of Embryonic Wedge-Tailed Shearwaters (Puffinus pacificus chlororhynchus)

The mass of the wedge-tailed shearwater (Puffinus pacificus chlororhychus) egg is approximately the same as that of the chicken (≃60 g), but the incubation period is more than twice as long (52 days vs. 21 days) and the water vapor conductance, $$G_{H_{2}O}$$, less than one-half that for the chicken's egg. These differences appear related to constraints on water loss by the egg, since eggs of both species lose about 15% of their initial mass as water during prepipping incubation. Air-cell gas tensions ($$P_{A_{O_{2}}}$$, $$P_{A_{CO_{2}}}$$) of shearwater and chicken eggs are similar throughout incubation-close to 100 torr, $$P_{A_{O_{2}}}$$, and 42 torr, $$P_{A_{CO_{2}}}$$, just prior to shell pipping. The low gas conductance of the shearwater eggshell is matched by a low egg O₂ uptake (Ṁo2), relative to the chicken egg, throughout incubation. Just prior to pipping, the Ṁo2 of the shearwater egg (300 ml O₂ STPD·day⁻¹) is less than one-half that of the chicken egg. At pipping, the Ṁo2 rises rapidly, tripling by the time hatching occurs, so that at hatching the Ṁo2 of shearwater and chicken hatchlings are similar. The postpipping, prehatching period is considerably longer in the shearwater than in the chicken. The low Ṁo2 of the developing wedge-tailed shearwater embryo may be related to its reduced rate of growth relative to the chicken embryo. The total oxygen cost of incubation for the shearwater egg (8 liters O₂) is greater than that for the chicken egg (5.5 liters O₂), but the oxygen consumed during prepipping incubation is similar. However, the shearwater embryo appears to pip at a smaller embryonic mass than the chicken embryo, so that the oxygen cost of producing a unit of embryonic tissue is greater for the shearwater for both prepipping and total incubation. The higher energetic requirements of the shearwater embryo appear to be met by increasing the amount of yolk in the egg.
Tactic Reactions of Young Adults of Drosophila melanogaster

Adults of Drosophila melanogaster showed changes in tactic reactions toward light and gravity during their first 24 hours of life. Disturbance by mechanical means or by other flies hastened these changes. When the flies were left undisturbed, they did not take up flight as a voluntary activity until they were 7 hours old. The changes that occurred during the first 24 hours of adult life were: (1) Photokinesis changed from high at 1-3 hours of age to low at 5 hours of age, (2) Phototaxis changed from indifferent at 1 hour of age to positive at 2-5 hours of age, and to strongly positive at 7 hours of age, (3) Geotaxis changed from highly negative at 1 hour of age to slightly negative at 5 hours of age, (4) Flies responded to mechanical prodding by walking at 1 hour of age, walking and hopping at 2-3 hours of age, hopping and darting at 5 hours of age, and flying at 7 hours of age.
Nest-site selection by urban Merlins

LEMIEUX, L. 1959. Histoire naturelle et am6nagement de la grande oie blanche. Nat. Can. (Qu6.) 86:133192. PREVETT, J. P., I. F. MARSHALL, AND V. G. THOMAS. 1979. Fall foods of lesser snow geese in the James Bay region. J. Wildl. Manage. 43:736-742. QUINNEY, T. E. , AND P. C. SMITH. 1980. Comparative foraging behavior and efficiency of adult and juvenile great blue herons. Can. J. Zool. 58:11681173.
Molecular genetic analysis of seed coat mucilage mutants of arabidopsis thaliana

iiii TABLE OF CONTENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . vii LIST OF FIGURES . viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . x ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . xiii 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 PECTIN IN PLANT CELL WALLS . 1 1.1.1 PECTIN STRUCTURE . 2 1.1.2 PECTIN BIOSYNTHESIS AND SECRETION . 5 1.1.3 FUNCTIONS OF PECTIN . 8 1.2 SEED COAT IN ARABIDOPSIS . 10 1.2.1 DEVELOPMENT OF THE SEED COAT . 11 1.2.2 SEED COAT MUCILAGE SECRETION . 14 1.2.3 SEED COAT MUCILAGE COMPOSITION. 15 1.3 GENETIC ANALYSIS OF SEED COAT MUCILAGE PRODUCTION . 17 1.3. 1 SEED COAT DEVELOPMENT MUTANTS . 17 1.3. 2 MUCILAGE BIOSYNTHESIS MUTANTS . 20 1.3. 3 MUTANTS AFFECTING THE REGULATION OF MUCILAGE BIOSYNTHESIS . 20 1.3. 4 HORMONE-ASSOCIATED MUCILAGE MUANTS . 25 1.3. 5 MUCILAGE ADHESION MUTANTS . 25 1.3. 6 THE MUM4 MUTANT . 26 1.4 MUTANTS EFFECTING PECTIN MODIFICATION . 28 1.4. 1 THE PECTIN MODIFICATION MUTANTS . 28 1.4. 2 THE MUM1 MUTANT . 30 1.5 THE THESIS OBJECTIVES . 31 2 METHODS . 32 2.1 PLANT MATERIAL AND GROWTH CONDITIONS . 32 2.2 MICROSCOPY . 33 2.3 POSITIONAL CLONING OF MUM1 . 35 2.4 EXTRACTION OF SEED MUCILAGE . 38 2.5 MONOSACCHARIDE AND LINKAGE ANALYSES . 39 2.6 RNA ISOLATION, RT-PCR AND QRT PCR . 40
Modelling the effect of marine reserves on the recreational shore-fishery of the South-Western Cape, South Africa

A discrete, space-time, age-structured model of a fishery was developed to test the effect of marine reserves on yield of fish to recreational angling. The model was applied to three sympatric surf-zone species commonly targeted by shore-anglers. Movement rates of white steenbras Lithognathus lithognathus and galjoen Dichistius capensis, both of which are nomadic, were estimated from tag-recovery data. Because post-recruit blacktail Diplodus Sargus capensis are resident, a coefficient of passive larval diffusion was estimated from drogue-separation rates. Marine reserves cannot increase the yield-per-recruit of white steenbras, although the spawner-biomass-per-recruit responds positively. A "recruitment - spawner-biomass" function was applied to galjoen and blacktail. The yield of galjoen increased sharply as the size of area conserved increased. Small reserves, closely spaced, appeared to be optimal for blacktail. A range of reserve size and spacing combinations satisfied management criteria for the thre.
Les arylamine N-acétyltransférases : du polymorphisme génétique à la susceptibilité aux xénobiotiques.

La variabilite interindividuelle du metabolisme des xenobiotiques, incluant les medicaments et les polluants presents dans l'environnement, depend notamment de polymorphismes genetiques influant sur l'activite d'enzymes de biotransformation. Chez l'homme, les arylamine N-acetyltransferases, NAT1 et NAT2, font partie des exemples les mieux documentes d'enzymes de biotransformation polymorphes. Les mecanismes de detoxication et/ou d'activation des xenobiotiques par les NAT mettent en jeu a la fois des processus d'inactivation fonctionnelle par conjugaison et la synthese d'ions reactifs capables de se lier aux macromolecules cellulaires. Alors que le gene NATI est exprime dans de nombreux tissus, NAT2 l'est essentiellement au niveau du foie et de l'intestin, et constitue le locus polymorphe le plus etudie. Le polymorphisme de NAT2 se traduit par l'expression de variants enzymatiques dont les proprietes fonctionnelles engendrent l'existence des phenotypes « acetyleur lent » et « acetyleur rapide ». Le phenotype «acetyleur lent» a souvent ete associe a un risque accru de reactions indesirables aux medicaments.
ECOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND BIONOMICS Dung Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Assemblages across a Natural Forest-Cerrado Ecotone in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Variations in assemblage attributes across ecotones provides clear examples on how organisms perceive and respond to environmental changes, even at small scales. Dung beetles (Scarabaeidae) have been used as bioindicators of habitat quality due to their sensitivity to environmental changes. Dung beetles were sampled across a natural forest-cerrado ecotone in Brazil, and associated changes in assemblage structure were examined. Edge effects, here defined as consistent changes in assemblage parameters in relation to the distance to the forest-cerrado border, were also examined. Density of individuals and species were higher in the forest than in the cerrado, but overall richness was similar between habitats after controlling for sample sizes. Species composition differed greatly between habitats, and shared species were consistently more abundant in one or another habitat. Edge effects were not detected on richness nor species composition, and only weak effects were observed on abundance. It is concluded that the effect of the habitat (forest vs. cerrado) has a much stronger effect on the assemblage structure than the presence of the edge: dung beetles responded strongly to change in habitats, but weakly to the proximity of the edge between these habitats.