Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DIPLOMARBEIT Optical coherence tomography for vascular skin imaging

Optical coherence tomography is a non-invasive, optical imaging technique. It is based on low-coherence interferometry. Main applications can be found in medicine, due to its relatively high penetration depth in tissue (1− 3 mm) and an axial resolution in the μm-range. OCT systems can be categorized into Time-Domain and Spectral-Domain systems. Especially the latter are becoming increasingly important. Goal of the presented thesis was the optimization of an existing Spectral-DomainOCT system to enable in-vivo imaging of capillaries in the human nailfold. The novel aspect is that both, the amplitude and the phase information provided by the OCT system, is used to generate vascular maps of tissue. Corresponding evaluation software was developed in the programming language LabView. The system was characterized and tested on various skin regions. Specific focus of this work was set to the reproducibility of measurements of the vascular network in the nailfold.
ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS HINDERING IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NURSING PROCESS AMONG NURSES IN MSAMBWENI DISTRICT HOSPITAL

Background: Nursing procedures are systematic, patient-centered methods of problem unraveling in order to achieve quality in health care provision. Although the nursing process is a global concept, there are many factors that hinder the implementation of nursing processes. This study was aimed at determining factors that hinder the implementation of the nursing process by registered nurses at Msambweni District hospital. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to conduct this study. A total population of 100 registered nurses was used in this study. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed by use of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 17. Pearson chi-square analysis was done to determine relationship between variables. Results: Factors significantly associated with hindering implementation of the nursing process were lack of hospital administration support (p=0.02). Lack of supervisory support (p=0.003), Inadequate staffing (p=0.02), and lack of motivation (p=0.04). Majority of the respondents (96%) cited the inadequate supply of equipment as a factor in the implementation of the nursing process. Conclusion: The majority of the participants were not implementing the nursing process adequately. Strong administrative support of the nursing process is recommended for so to implement the process .
Effect of ExogenousProlactin on PeripheralLuteinizing Hormone Levelsin OvariectomizedCows'

Peripheral levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL) were determined in mature chronically ovariectomized beef cows during i.v. infusion of either saline (0.9% NaC1) (SAL), or 30 mg bovine PRL in SAL (PRL) over a 3 h period. Each cow was infused once in the morning and once in the afternoon with either SAL or PRL (sequence alternated) for 4 consecutive days. Jugular vein blood samples were obtained at 10 mm intervals. Thirty mm following the initiation of PRL infusion, plasma PRL levels were maintained above 200 ng/ml, while plasma PRL concen trations remained well below 50 ng/ml during SAL infusion. A pulsatile fluctuation in plasma LH was observed in all cows, with each pulse being characterized by a rapid increase in LH followed by a more gradual decline to basal levels. This pulsatile pattern was consistent within cows over the 4 day period but varied significantly among cows. There were no differences in the pattern of plasma LH between SAL and PRL infusions. The results suggest that short term elevations in plasma PRL do not influence the pulsatile pattern of plasma LH in ovariectomized cows.
Cardiovascular Function: Spotlight on Glucose

24 The incidence of cardiovascular complications associated with hyperglycemia is a growing, 25 global health problem. This review discusses the link between hyperglycemia and cardiovascular 26 diseases onset, focusing on the role of recently emerging downstream mediators, namely oxidative 27 stress and glucose metabolic pathway perturbations. The role of hyperglycemia-mediated activation 28 of non-oxidative glucose pathways (NOGPs), i.e. the polyol pathway, hexosamine biosynthetic 29 pathway, advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) and protein kinase C in this process is extensively 30 reviewed. The proposal is made that there is a unique interplay between the NOGPs as well as a 31 downstream convergence of detrimental effects that affect especially cardiac endothelial cells, 32 thereby contributing to contractile dysfunction. Here the AGE pathway emerges as a crucial mediator 33 of hyperglycemia-mediated detrimental effects. In addition, a vicious metabolic cycle is established 34 whereby hyperglycemia-induced NOGPs further fuel their own activation by generating even more 35 oxidative stress, thereby exacerbating damaging effects on cardiac function. Thus NOGP inhibition, 36 and particularly the AGE pathway, emerges as a novel therapeutic intervention(s) for the treatment of 37 cardiovascular complications such as acute myocardial infarction in the presence hyperglycemia. 38 (177) 39 40 41
Modeling of Emission and Absorption Spectra of LH2 Complex (B850 and B800 Ring) - Full Hamiltonian Model

— Simulated absorption and steady state ﬂuorescence spectra for the model of peripheral cyclic antenna unit LH2 from purple bacteria are presented. The spectra for more complex system (B850 and B800 ring) are calculated within full Hamiltonian model and these results are compared with the previuos ones calculated within the nearest neighbour approximation model. Dynamic disorder, interaction with phonon bath, in Markovian approximation simultaneously with uncorrelated static disorder in local excitation energies are taking into account in our simulations. The cumulant-expansion method of Mukamel et al. is used for the calculation of spectral responses of the system with exciton-phonon coupling. The localization of exciton states is also investigated.
An Attempt at Automatic Label Generation for Object Entry and Exit on Multimedia with a Semantic Search

– Filling the semantic gap between low level keywords which are retrieved automatically from multimedia data and human interpretations of data becomes critical. The research aims to handle the issue by using semantic search on multimedia data. A model is proposed with this research which detects enter/exit points and performs automatic label generation instead of hand using labelling. The model is implemented on a popular and commonly used benchmarking dataset. After the reliability of the model is proofed, it is implemented on a test dataset. It is indicated that the multiple interpretation of results can improve the retrieved information and make the model usability possible.
Glycemic Regulation: Effect of Endogenous GLP-1R Signaling on Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT):

The common hepatic branch of the is not to mediate the glycemic and food intake suppressive effects of glucagon-like-peptide-1 Abstract The incretin and food intake suppressive effects of intraperitoneally administered glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) involve activation of GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) expressed on vagal afferent fiber terminals. CNS processing of GLP-1R-driven vagal afferents results in satiation signaling, and enhanced insulin secretion from pancreatic-projecting vagal efferents. As the vast majority of endogenous GLP-1 is released from intestinal L-cells following ingestion, it stands to reason that paracrine GLP-1 signaling, activating adjacent GLP-1R expressed on vagal afferent fibers of gastrointestinal (GI) origin, contributes to glycemic and food intake control. However, systemic GLP-1R-mediated control of glycemia is currently attributed to endocrine action involving GLP-1R expressed in the hepatoportal bed on terminals of the common hepatic branch of the vagus (CHB). Here, we examine the hypothesis that activation of GLP-1R expressed on the CHB is not required for GLP-1’s glycemic and intake suppressive effects, but rather paracrine signaling on non-CHB vagal afferents is required to mediate GLP-1’s effects. Selective CHB ablation (CHBX), complete subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation (SDA), and surgical-control rats received an oral glucose tolerance test (2.0g glucose/kg) 10min after an IP injection of the GLP-1R antagonist, Exendin-(9-39) (Ex-9; 0.5mg/kg) or vehicle. CHBX and control rats showed comparable increases in blood glucose following blockade of GLP-1R by Ex-9, whereas SDA rats failed to show a GLP-1R-mediated incretin response. Furthermore, GLP-1(7-36) (0.5mg/kg; IP) produced a comparable suppression of 1hr 25% glucose intake in both CHBX and control rats, whereas intake suppression in SDA rats was blunted. These findings support the hypothesis that
Aetiology and Predictors of Outcome of Mechanically Ventilated Patients Admitted in Intensive Care Unit of a Rural Tertiary Health Care Center

Background: The need for mechanical ventilation (MV) is a frequent reason for admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). The principal indications for MV are airway protection and respiratory failure which are considered the most common vital organ failure seen in critically ill patients. Aims and Objectives: To identify the aetiologies leading to MV and predictors of outcome in patients on MV. Methods: Total 138 patients of both sexes admitted to MICU of tertiary care hospital having age > 12 years and who was subjected to invasive MV were included in the study. Different demographic, clinical and laboratory variables were recorded at the time of admission, during the ICU stay and at time of discharge. Results: Mean age of the patients was 43.22 years, ranging from 14-75 years with male predominance (73.91%). The most common etiology for MV was poisoning (53.6%). The mortality was 42.1%. Total 77 patients required tracheostomy and 35 patients required inotropes support with mortality of 31.1% and 62.8 % respectively. The mean length of stay in ICU before MV, on MV and total length of stay in ICU in survivors was 0.9, 6.11 and 9 day while in non survivors was 0.78, 5.9 and 6.4 days respectively. The PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio in survivors was 282.87 while in non survivors it was 198.68. The mean GCS, APACHE II and SOFA score was 8.62, 16.26 and 7.84 in survivors while it was 6.47, 24.4 and 10.62 in non survivors respectively. Conclusion: The most common etiology was poisoning. The age, coronary artery disease and hypertension, hypotension on presentation, use of tracheostomy and inotropes, total duration of ICU stay, all ABG parameters were significant predictors of outcome but tracheostomy was a better predictor of outcome while increased duration of stay in ICU also leads to improved outcome.
Secondary Prevention of Uterine Cervical Cancer Secondary Prevention of Uterine Cervical Cancer

Secondary prevention by cervical cytology has clearly improved the mortality rate of uterine cervical cancer (CC) by enabling early detection and treatment of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), which is a precancerous lesion. In the past two decades, HPV-DNA testing, including HPV typing, has clearly brought about positive effects on secondary prevention of CC. However, in practice, CC remains a fatal disease and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women aged 20–39 years. Although elucidation of the mechanisms of HPV carcino- genesis and development of a prophylactic vaccine have made CC a preventable disease, eradication of CC is expected to take several decades. Therefore, primary screening to decrease the mortality rate of CC will remain important for a while. In addition, the clinical application of simple biomarkers to stratify HPV-positive women is important for maintenance of medical economy and avoidance of overtreatment in women in the reproductive age. Therefore, the development of an inexpensive therapy or vaccine that can be used worldwide is necessary to overcome cancer deaths due to CC. Biomarker (TRACE) study was conducted to examine the usefulness of human epigenetic biomarker testing in the primary prevention of CC. In this study, methylation of the POU4F3 promoter, which is a promising marker for CIN3, showed significantly higher sensitivity and similar specificity for detecting CIN3+, compared with LBC [ 88 ]. This finding suggested that detection of POU4F3 methylation is useful for early detection of CIN3. Another study assessed the correlation between CpG methylation of the HPV16 L1 gene and CC in 145 HPV 16-infected Uyghur women who were divided into five groups, as follows: transient infection (n = 32), persistent infection (n = 21), CIN1 (n = 21), CIN2–3 (n = 33), and CC (n = 38) [89]. After quantifying each CPG methylation by pyrosequencing, results revealed that methylation increased at 13 CpG sites in advanced lesions and that high methylation levels were associated with the risk of developing CIN2+ [89 ]. These findings may be applied to CC screening.
A Sensitiveand PracticalImmunoradiometric Assayof Thyrotropin

514 CLINICALCHEMISTRY, Vol.32, No.3, 1986 bound counts or background optical signal, respectively (see Figure 1, left panel). That for radioimmunoassays such as the Clinical Assays kit and the VA assay depend on the experimental error at zero dose divided by the antibody affinity constant (see Figure 1, middle and right panel, respectively). The apparent antibody affinity constants for polyclonal antisera may be higher than those for the constituent immunoglobulin molecules because of the occurrence of cyclic structures involving two imxnunoglobulin molecules with different epitope-recognition sites binding two hormone molecules simultaneously (7). Polyclona.l RIAs, such as the Clinical Assays and VA assay, are limited by the apparent affinity constant, availability of antiserum, and burdensome isotope regulations. The new Abbott assay, on the other hand, is limited by the nonspecific signal at zero dose, which may be further minimized by advances in the detection system. Environmental concerns regarding the 0phenylenediamine used in the Abbott assay appear to be the only potential drawback to this new, very sensitive, nonisotopic method for measuring human serum TSH. References 1. Hershman JM, Pekary AE. Regulation of thyrotropin secretion. 1n Imura H, ed. The pituitary gland. New York NY: Raven Press, 1985;149-88. 2. Pekary AE, Hershman JM, Parlow AF. A sensitive and precise radioimmunoassay for human thyroid stimulating hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1975;41:676-84. 3. Kohier G, Milstein C. Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of pre-defined specificity. Nature (London) 1975;256:495-7. 4. Pekary AE, Hershman JM. A new monoclonal-antibody two-site solid-phase immunoradiometric assay for human thyrotropin evaluated. CliiiChem 1984;30:1213-5. 5. Peterson C. Apparent correlation between structure and carcunogenicity of phenylenediamines and related compounds. Environ Health Perspect 1984;56:261-73. 6. Pekaiy AE. Parallel line and relative potency analysis of bioassay and radioimmunoassay data using a desk top computer. Comp Biol Med 1979;9:355-62. 7. Ehrlich PH, Moyle WR. Cooperative immunoassays: ultrasensitive assays with mixed monoclonal antibodies. Science 1983;221:279-81.
HIV-Infected Women Activation in the Ectocervical Mucosa of Stable CD4 Expression and Local Immune

Studies using genital tissue samples from HIV-infected women might provide important information about HIV susceptibility and transmission. In this study, ectocervical biopsies were obtained from 20 HIV-seropositive (HIV + ) Kenyan female sex workers (FSW) and 20 HIV-seronegative lower risk (HIV 2 LR) women. To control for the impact of sex work, 20 HIV 2 FSW were also recruited. Immune molecules were assessed in situ by immunohistochemistry and for mRNA expression by quantitative PCR. The HIV + women were reportedly infected for a median of 3 y (1–21 y), with a median viral load of 11,735 copies/ml (20–648,000 copies/ml). These women had signiﬁcantly lower CD4 blood cell counts than the HIV 2 LR women but comparable levels of CD4 expression in ectocervix. Whereas cellular markers were similar between the HIV + group and the HIV 2 LR women, the HIV-binding molecules CCR5, dendritic cell–speciﬁc intercellular adhesion molecule-3–grabbing nonintegrin, and mannose receptor as well as the inﬂammatory markers CD69, IFN- g , IL-6, and IL-22 were signiﬁcantly upregulated in the HIV + group. As compared with the HIV 2 FSW women, the HIV + women had signiﬁcantly upregulated levels of CD4, CD3, CCR5, Langerin, dendritic cell–speciﬁc intercellular adhesion molecule-3–grabbing nonintegrin, and mannose receptor as well as inﬂammatory cytokines. The CD4 cell depletion previously seen in the gut mucosa of HIV-infected individuals was thus not presence of PSA, bacterial vaginosis, and STIs) and Mann– Whitney U test for continuous variables (such as age, number of pregnancies, years in sex work, and all immune markers of interest). Spearman’s rank correlation coefﬁcient test was used to assess correlations. All tests were two-sided with p , 0.05 considered signiﬁcant.
Novel unculturedEpsilonproteobacteria dominatea¢lamentous

sulphurmat fromthe131N hydrothermalvent¢eld, EastPaci¢cRise Hélène Moussard, Erwan Corre, Marie-Anne Cambon-Bonavita, Yves Fouquet & Christian Jeanthon Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IFREMER, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Plouzané, France; FR 2424, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France; and Département de Géosciences Marines, IFREMER Centre de Brest, Plouzané, France
Frames in Krein spaces arising from a non-regular W-metric

A definition of frames in Krein spaces is stated and a complete characterization is given by comparing them to frames in the associated Hilbert space. The basic tools of frame theory are described in the formalism of Krein spaces. It is shown how to transfer a frame for Hilbert spaces to Krein spaces given by a W-metric, where the Gram operator W is not necessarily regular and possibly unbounded.
The ultrastructure and ﬂ exibility of thylakoid membranes in leaves and isolated chloroplasts as revealed by small-angle neutron scattering ☆ , ☆☆

We studied the periodicity of the multilamellar membrane system of granal chloroplasts in different isolated plant thylakoid membranes, using different suspension media, as well as on different detached leaves and isolated protoplasts — using small-angle neutron scattering. Freshly isolated thylakoid membranes suspended in isotonic or hypertonic media, containing sorbitol supplemented with cations, displayed Bragg peaks typically between 0.019 and 0.023 Å − 1 , corresponding to spatially and statistically averaged repeat distance values of about 275 – 330 Å. Similar data obtained earlier led us in previous work to propose an origin from the periodicity ofstromathylakoidmembranes.However,detachedleaves,ofelevendifferentspecies,in ﬁ ltratedwithorsoaked in D 2 O in dim laboratory light or transpired with D 2 O prior to measurements, exhibited considerably smaller repeat distances, typically between 210 and 230 Å, ruling out a stromal membrane origin. Similar values were obtained on isolated tobacco and spinach protoplasts. When NaCl was used as osmoticum, the Bragg peaks of isolated thylakoid membranes almost coincided with those in the same batch of leaves and the repeat distances were veryclose to theelectron microscopically determined valuesinthegrana.Althoughneutron scattering and electronmicroscopy yield somewhatdifferent values,which isnot fully understood, wecan concludethatsmall-angleneutronscatteringisasuitabletechniquetostudytheperiodicorganizationofgranalthylakoidmembranes in intact leaves under physiological conditions and with a time resolution of minutes or shorter. We also show here, for the ﬁ rst time on leaves, that the periodicity of thylakoid membranes in situ responds dynamically to moderatelystrongillumination.ThisarticleispartofaSpecialIssueentitled:Photosynthesisresearchforsustain-ability: Keys to produce clean energy.
PROPORTIONAL MORBIDITY RATE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS FOR PANDORA BOX SYNDROME AMONG CLIENT-OWNED DOMESTICATED CATS ( FELIS SILVESTRIS CATUS ) IN PAKISTAN

The present study has been designed to evaluate proportional morbidity rate ( PMR) along with comparative evaluation study between different diagnostic tools (viz., urinalysis, radiography, hyperkalemia, clinical signs and ultrasonography for Pandora Box Syndrome (PBS). A total of PMR among PBS cases was estimated to be 8.7%. For diagnostic test evaluation, all respective tests were performed according to the defined procedures. To this end,total of 208 diseased and 98 apparently healthy felines were tested by taking urinalysis as gold standard. All tests but serum cortisol level (80.303; 70.70-89.89%) showed 100 percent specificity. Serum cortisol was found to be significantly more sensitive (P<0.05) than ultrasonography, clinical signs, hyperkalemia, and radiography with highest negative predictive value (NPV)as 58.2, respectively. On comparing apparently healthy felines (n = 98) with diseased (n = 208;affected with PBS in the past or at present), highestagreement 0.812 (0.70-0.92%) was found between clinical signs and ultrasonography, while lowest agreement was seen between ultrasonography and hyperkalemia (0.449; 0.35-0.54%). In conclusion,PMR values show more about specialty as well as interests of clinicians rather than the incidence of disease in that population.
(2013). Estrogen Receptor Mediates Proliferation of Osteoblastic Cells Stimulated by Estrogen and Mechanical Strain, but Their Acute Down-regulation of the Wnt Antagonist Sost is Mediated by Estrogen Receptor (13),

Background: Strain and estrogens down-regulate Sost /sclerostin and stimulate osteoblastic proliferation. Results: ER (cid:1) inhibition prevents proliferation. ER (cid:2) inhibition prevents Sost down-regulation by strain or estradiol. Sclerostin prevents proliferation following strain and not estradiol. Conclusion: ER (cid:1) promotes proliferation, and ER (cid:2) mediates Sost down-regulation following estradiol ligand stimulation and ligand independently following strain. Significance: Selective ER modulators could promote osteogenesis through differential regulation of Sost and proliferation. Mechanical strain and estrogens both stimulate osteoblast proliferation through estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated effects, and both down-regulate the Wnt antagonist Sost/ sclerostin. Here, we investigate the differential effects of ER (cid:1) and - (cid:2) in these processes in mouse long bone-derived osteoblastic cells and human Saos-2 cells.Recruitmenttothecellcyclefollowingstrainor17 (cid:2) -estradiol