Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Inlet and Outlet Spawning Runs of Rainbow Trout in Loon Lake, British Columbia

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) entering and leaving inlet and outlet spawning streams were trapped and marked during three years. Spawners entered the outlet stream at approximately the same time each year despite considerable differences in time of lake ice breakup. Spawners entered the inlet stream 3 to 5 weeks later than outlet spawners and at water temperatures several degrees higher. The inlet spawning run was later in years when disappearance of lake ice was delayed. Comparative statistics are presented on size, sex ratio, survival and diel movement of spawners in both streams. Effects of several types of marking were compared; removal of adipose fins produced much lower mortality than tagging with Petersen discs. In the outlet stream an inverse correlation existed between number of spawners and survival, condition, and length of stay of spawners in the stream. Factors which may be responsible for differences in timing of spawning migrations are discussed.
Phenotypic Plasticity in Carbon Acquisition of Rapid Cycling Brassica rapa L. in Response to Light Quality and Water Availability

Traits associated with carbon acquisition in plants may exhibit plastic responses as part of the phytochrome‐mediated, stem‐elongation response. In this study, stem elongation and the responses in gas exchange traits were examined in plants grown in high and low water availabilities under low red to far‐red ratio (R:FR) and neutral shade at low density and under high R:FR and neutral shade at high density. Although we were not able to explicitly test for the effects of density because the plants did not elongate in response to high density, the differences between light quality–density treatments in stem elongation and the responses in gas exchange traits did allow for examination of the role of R:FR. Gas exchange responded to changes in R:FR in Brassica rapa. Low R:FR induced stem elongation and resulted in reduced biomass accumulation, lower photosynthetic rates, and lower water‐use efficiency relative to plants under comparatively higher R:FR. The responses in gas exchange to low R:FR indicated that there are potential costs associated with stem elongation. The costs associated with stem elongation appear to be strongly linked to plant water relations and are expected to be more significant in water‐limited environments. We also found unexpected physiological responses to high R:FR. Plants that grew under high R:FR showed higher rates of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance relative to plants under comparatively lower R:FR. Our results offer further evidence that the physiology of carbon acquisition can be affected by R:FR.
Notes on the biology of Anelosimus pacificus Levi, 1963 (Theridiidae, Araneae)—evidence for an evolutionary reversal to a less social state

All hitherto studied Anelosimus species are social, either temporarily (subsocial) or permanently (quasisocial); the genus represents the largest known clade of social spiders. We provide behavioural data on Anelosimus pacificus Levi, 1956 (Theridiidae, Araneae) a species that hitherto was known from only a few specimens collected half a century ago. Anelosimus pacificus, unlike its better known congeners, is solitary for the majority of its lifespan with the juveniles passively receiving maternal care before dispersal at an early instar. Given the phylogenetic position of A. pacificus, this is an example of a behavioural reversal to a less social (solitary) state, and the first such reversal documented in spiders. Interestingly, linked with this is a reversal in other traits. Anelosimus pacificus web architecture, use of sticky silk, the ability of juveniles to emerge from the egg sac, and build and maintain webs without help from the mother, all more resemble traits in typical solitary theridiids than those in its social congeners. These observations may help elucidate what factors contribute to the evolution of sociality in spiders.
In situ experiments on the effects of increased sediment loads on littoral rocky shore communities in Lake Tanganyika, East Africa

SUMMARY 1. Two in situ experiments investigated the responses to artificially increased sediment loads of the gastropod and fish communities, and of the whole benthos, of the rocky shores of Lake Tanganyika. Sediments were emptied once onto randomly selected quadrats using SCUBA, with control quadrats receiving no addition of sediment. Quadrats were monitored up to 6 months after sediment addition. 2. While the abundance of Lavigeria grandis (Mollusca; Gastropoda) was reduced greatly by the addition of sediment, low abundance and biomass of the whole gastropod community on sediment-impacted quadrats 6 months after sediment addition suggests more general impacts of inundation in the longer term. 3. Benthic invertebrate communities inundated by sediment had significantly fewer individuals and numbers of taxa than control communities. No significant community recovery was recorded on sediment-impacted quadrats within the timescale of the experiment. A short-term period of high turbidity brought about by the emptying of sediments onto sediment-impacted quadrats also caused severe decreases in benthic invertebrate abundance on controls 10 days after sediment addition. This suggests that even short-term pulses of sediment may have significant detrimental effects on littoral communities. 4. Although significant impacts of sediment on fish community dynamics were found, and a significant reduction in the number of benthic algivorous species was recorded immediately after sediment addition, littoral fish communities showed strong resistance overall to the addition of sediments. This apparent resistance, however, may be a consequence of the small scale at which the experiment took place. Littoral fish communities were also shown to be more dynamic than indicated previously.
Depression of Primary Productivity by Humic Matter in Lake and Reservoir Waters of the Boreal Forest Zone

Analysis of water from backwater and main-stem regions of three reservoirs and a natural lake belonging to major river systems in northern Manitoba (Canada) showed that primary productivity was inversely related to total "dissolved" (<0.45 μm) organic carbon and non-dialyzable dissolved iron, organic carbon, nitrogen, and H-bonded polymeric hydroxyl groups. The chemical data apparently represent allochthonous humic–FeOOH complexes with strong, covalent metal-ligand bonds. The results suggest that humic matter depressed primary productivity by making iron unavailable to phytoplankton, but not by attenuating light, lowering the pH, or sequestering phosphate (although the dissolved phosphorus appeared to be mostly in the form of humic-iron-phosphate complexes). Relatively stagnant backwater bays, where humic mater accumulates, were less productive than the more rapidly flushed, less humic main-stem waters. In addition, the reservoirs, which had been formed 6 mo, 3 yr, and 14 yr prior to the time of sampling,.
SYSTEMATIC REVISION OF THE SUCKER CREEK AND TROUT CREEK MIOCENE FLORAS OF SOUTHEASTERN OREGON

GRAHAM, ALAN. (U. Michigan, Ann Arbor.) Systematic revision of the Sucker Creek and Trout Creek Miocene floras of southeastern Oregon. Amer. Jour. Bot. 50(9): 921-936. Illus. 1963. -The Sucker Creek flora is preserved in shales of volcanic origin exposed in Malheur County, southeastern Oregon. A study of the flora has been made and the systematic revisions presented. The following new species are described: Osmunda claytonites, Davallia solidites, Shepherdia argenteaites, Magnolia ovulata, Anoda suckerensis, and Platanus youngii. A new combination, Hiraea knowltoni (Berry), is proposed. Additional synonymies, Incertae Sedis, and other taxonomic changes are included. The Trout Creek flora is to the west of Sucker Creek in Harney County, southeastern Oregon. The fossils are preserved in diatomite. Four new species are described: Equisetum miocenicum, Gossypium arnoldii, Urena miocenica, and Spiraea miocenica. New combinations are Pteridium calabazensis (Dorf), and Nymphaea rotunda (Arnold). A revised species list is given for the 2 floras. The Sucker Creek flora contains 47 families, 60 genera, and 69 species, presently identified. The Trout Creek flora contains 29 families, 51 genera, and 75 species. The distributional, ecologic, and geologic interpretations of the 2 floras will be presented in a subse-
Volunteer Tourism

As volunteer initiatives become increasingly globalized, volunteers appear to be pushing their way well into the defined realms of domestic and international tourism, primarily in terms of being and staying away from home and engaging in interpersonal relationships with others. Does this, then, qualify them as tourists? Considering the fact that volunteers avail of touristic facilities and attractions, one may advocate that they be counted in as tourists for all economic and social reasons. It is even conceivable to include them in tourism statistics for psychographic reasons as well, since they share common values with fellow tourists, particularly when they donate towards the cause of the 'commons'. Further, can all volunteers be classed as tourists, and if so, then why should they be nameworthy as a separate category? Perhaps the answer lies somewhere in the nature of their leisure and recreation activities in other's settings. Typically, tourism and volunteering could share common ground when participants engage in re-creative leisure, and are not remunerated for their time and I or activity.
Estimativa de área de vegetação secundária na Amazônia Legal Brasileira

Secondary vegetation has many relevant functions to the ecosystems such as atmospheric carbon fixation , maintenance of biodiversity, establishment of connectivity among forest remnants, maintenance of hydrological regime, and restoration of soil fertility. The objective of this work is to estimate the area occupied by secondary vegetation in the Brazilian Legal Amazon (BLA) for 2006 using a sampling scheme. The sampling is based on a stratified approach according to the degree of deforestation observed in the 229 TM-Landsat scenes that cover the BLA. Thus, 26 scenes were selected for 2006 and distributed into seven strata, according to their degree of deforestation, in which secondary vegetation areas were mapped. A regression model was constructed to estimate secondary vegetation area in the remaining images using deforestation area, hydrographic area, agrarian structure , and area of conservation units, as independent variables. The regression analysis found an adjusted R2 of 0.84 and positive coefficients for the proportion of hydrography in the image (2.055) and for the agrarian structure (0.197), while negative coefficients for the degree of deforestation in the image (-0.232) as well as for the proportion of Conservation Unity(-0.262). Using the multivariate regression model, an area of 131,873 km2 of secondary vegetation was estimated for the year of 2006. Applying a Monte Carlo simulation we estimated an uncertainty of approximately 12,445 km2 .
Validation of annual growth rings in the otoliths of the lethrinid Lethrinus mahsena and the lutjanid Aprion virescens from sites in the tropical Indian Ocean, with notes on the nature of growth rings in Pristipomoides filamentosus.

The lutjanids Pristipo- moides fi lamentosus and Aprion vires- cens and the lethrinid Lethrinus ma h - sena are commercially important de- mersal bank and deep slope reef fi sh from the central Indian Ocean. To obtain von Bertalanffy growth parameter esti- mates for management purposes, length- based methods are commonly applied by the fi sheries institutions of the region. Because the relatively long-lived, slow- growing nature of these species results in a lack of distinct modal progression in length-frequency data, such estimates are unreliable. In an attempt to obtain more reliable growth estimates, the fea- sibility of age-based methods (where age is determined from annual incre- ments in otoliths) was investigated. Successful validation of annual or daily increments has been reported in two of these species (P. fi lamentosus and A. virescens), but not for the target areas of our study: the banks of the Seychelles and Mauritius. A range of methods was used in an attempt to ensure that the otoliths ful- fi lled the criteria for use in aging. Two methods are described in this paper: back-calculation and a combination of marginal increment and edge analysis. The results of validation are presented, along with a description of the problems encountered. Marginal increment and edge analysis both indicated that the increments present in the otoliths of L. mahsena are annuli. For A. virescens, no pattern was present in the marginal increment analysis of older individu- als. However, edge analysis offered evi- dence that the increments present in the otoliths were annuli. The combined marginal increment and edge analysis proved inconclusive for P. fi lamentosus; therefore the increments present in the otoliths of this species could not be vali- dated. Conclusions are drawn regarding the justifi cation of assuming periodic- ity of increments on the basis of valida- tion achieved in other locations.
Retrogradation of amaranth starch at different storage temperatures and the effects of salt and sugars

ABSTRACT The retrogradation of amaranth, corn, wheat, and rice starches at different storage temperatures (-20, 4, and 25°C) was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Sodium chloride (2 and 5%), glucose, sucrose, and fructose (10, 20, and 30%) were added to amaranth starch gels. The retrogradation was measured as the percent of gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH g) of the retrograded gel when compared to the original nonretrograded sample. The data were analyzed fitting an exponential first-order equation by regression, assuming a first-order process. A modified equation was used for the data that showed several days of lag time before retrogradation was observed. Retrogradation percentage of amaranth gels at all three storage temperatures was lower than those of corn, wheat, or rice starches. Amaranth starch showed ≈2–9 times slower retrogradation rates than corn, wheat, and rice starches at 4 and -20°C, and up to ≈2.8 times lower maximum percent of retrogradation than the other starches at all t.
REPELLENCY OF PHEROMONES RELEASED BY FEMALES OF HELIOTHIS ARMIGERA AND H. ZEA TO FEMALES OF BOTH SPECIES

An olfactometer was used to determine the effect of pheromones released by females of the bollworms Heliothis armigera (Hübner) and H. zea (Boddie) on females of the same species. Four combinations of virgin and mated females were tested for repellency of one to the other. Evidence is presented that females of the two bollworms were repelled by females of the same species. In addition, extracts of virgin female abdomens of each species repelled virgin females of the other species.
Crop-raiding Baboons (Papio anubis) and Defensive Farmers: A West African perspective

Baboons are often reported as the worst crop-raiders in Africa, but there has been little observation of the actual behavioural-ecology of their crop-raiding, especially in West Africa. The paper examines the crop-raiding behaviour of a group of habituated baboons (Gamgam group) near the village of Gashaka on the south-western border of Gashaka Gumti National Park, Nigeria. Data were collected during the wet and dry crop seasons via scan sampling and ad libitum techniques. For scan sampling the activity of each observed individual was noted every 2.5 min. For ad libitum data any activity relevant to crop-raiding was noted when it occurred, including the reactions of farmers who were guarding their fields. Descriptive statistics were generated and trends in baboon and human behaviour examined. Sixty-nine percent of Gamgam group’s raids were successful. Farmers only prevented or reduced the time baboons spent in fields on 28.9% of all raids. Crops eaten varied from ripe maize to scavenging for scraps of sweet potato in harvested fields. Maize (ripe and dried) was the most frequently eaten crop. All members of Gamgam group, including weaned infants, ate all crops, but only adult males ate bananas. Observations suggested that baboons used cheek pouches to store food before moving to a safer locality to eat, to avoid farmers’ attacks and intragroup competition. Deterrent methods included guarding, fences of fish net, poisoned baits, olfactory, visual and auditory scaring devices. Guarding presence in fields was not regular. In the wet season guards reacted to baboon crop-raiding on 54% of raids and in the dry season on 44%. On average it took farmers 23 min to react to baboons in their fields. The two most common reactions of guards were shouting and chasing baboons. Observations do not suggest that any one particular defence method can prevent baboon crop-raiding.
Histopathological evaluation of endometrial biopsies and curetting’s in abnormal uterine bleeding

Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the most common complaint in the gynecology out-patient department with different presentations and varied causes. Endometrial sampling is needed to investigate the cause of AUB. Aim: This study was done to evaluate histopathology of endometrium and observe the incidence of various endometrial pathology patterns in different age groups presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding. Materials and Methods: The current study was done at Malla Reddy Medical College for Women, Hyderabad, India, on cases of abnormal uterine bleeding who underwent endometrial sampling. A statistical analysis between age of presentation and specific endometrial causes was done using χ 2 test. Results: We studied231 cases. The most common pattern observed was normal cycling endometrium (56.27%). The other morphological patterns were endometrial hyperplasia (19.48%), disordered proliferative pattern (5.62%), complications of pregnancy (4.76%), benign endometrial polyp (2.6%), chronic endometritis (2.16%) and carcinoma (0.86%). The most common age group presenting with AUB was 40-49 years (47.18%) followed by 30-39years (33.76%). Endometrial causes of AUB and age distribution was statistically significant with P value<0.05. Conclusion: There is an age specific association of endometrial lesions. Atrophy and carcinoma endometrium are predominant in peri-menopausal and post-menopausal age. Endometrial curettings and biopsy proved to be an important diagnostic procedure for assessment and subsequent management of abnormal uterine bleeding.
Resonant Breathing Biofeedback Training for Stress Reduction Among Manufacturing Operators

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the effect of resonant breathing biofeedback training for reducing stress among manufacturing operators. Resonant breathing biofeedback works by teaching people to recognize their involuntary heart rate variability and to control patterns of this physiological response. Thirty-six female operators from an electronic manufacturing factory were randomly assigned as the experimental group (n = 19) and the control group (n = 17). The participants of the intervention received 5 weekly sessions of biofeedback training. Physiological stress profiles and self-perceived depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS) were assessed at pre- and post-intervention. Results indicated that depression, anxiety, and stress significantly decreased after the training in the experimental group; they were supported by a significant increase in physiological measures. Overall, these results support the potential application of resonant biofeedback training to reduce negative emotional symptoms among industrial workers.
FATTY ACIDS, TOCOPHEROLS AND CAROTENOIDS FROM SEEDS OF TUNISIAN CAPER “CAPPARIS SPINOSA”

Capparis spinosa is widely distributed all over the Mediterranean Basin. Fatty acid composition of oils of C. spinosa from seven Tunisian regions was determined. The oil content of the seeds ranged from 23.25 to 33.64% on a dry weight basis. Unsaturated fatty acids accounted for the majority of the fatty acids. Oleic acid with 45.82% was the main fatty acid followed by linoleic acid (25.37%), palmitic acid (15.93%), palmitoleic acid (4.55%) and stearic acid (4.06%). C. spinosa seed oil also contained a high level of tocopherols (ca. 628 mg/100 g). γ-Tocopherol was the major homologue (ca. 92%), followed by α-tocopherol (ca. 4%) and δ-tocopherol (ca. 2%). Seed oil of C. spinosa contained high amounts of carotenoids (ca. 457 µg/100 g). The contents of β-carotene (as pro-vitamin A) were also very significant (ca. 375 µg/100 g). Results encourage the use of this plant species as a new source of vegetable oil for nutritional, industrial, and pharmaceutical applications. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The seeds of Capparis spinosa may serve as a new potential source of oil (ca. 27%). It contained mainly unsaturated fatty acids (ca. 77%). Oleic acid was the major fatty acid (ca. 45%). The level of linoleic and linolenic fatty acids was about 25 and 1%, respectively. Moreover, C. spinosa seed oil is an important source of tocopherols (as vitamin E), with approximately 628 mg/100 g and also of carotenoids (457 µg/100 g). These compounds have an important role in the prevention of many diseases and can be used in a number of personal care products. Seeds of C. spinosa are especially attractive for producing oil for food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications.
Differences in reproduction and condition of Macoma balthica and Mytilus trossulus in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Southern Baltic Sea) under anthropogenic influences

Abstract Seasonal changes in gametogenesis, spawning behaviour and morphometric parameters of Macoma balthica and Mytilus trossulus from two depth zones in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Southern Baltic Sea) were investigated. The studies allowed the authors to make observations of the ecophysiological features of both species and revealed major differences in the weight index between deep and shallow water subpopulations. Both condition and gametogenesis probably depend mainly on the availability of nutrients and on temperature changes. The data showed that Mytilus trossulus spawned earlier at the shallow water station than at the deeper one. No differences were observed between the run of the Baltic clam's reproductive cycle at 10 m and at 75 m depths.
New data on the genus Urophonius in Patagonia with a description of a new species of the exochus group (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae)

Abstract New data on the distribution and systematics of Patagonian species of the scorpion genus Urophonius Pocock 1893 are provided. A species of this genus from Península Valdés in central eastern Argentinean Patagonia, Urophonius martinezi new species, is described. The surface activity period of most of the species of the genus is reviewed and clearly established. A distribution map as well as a key for the Patagonian species of the genus are provided.