Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Analysis and Expression Profiling of the Heat Shock Factor Gene Family in Phyllostachys edulis during Development and in Response to Abiotic Stresses

Heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) play crucial roles in regulating plant responses to heat and other stresses, as well as in plant development. As the largest monopodial bamboo species in the world, how to adapt to various stresses under the background of global climate change is very important for the sustainable development of bamboo forest. However, our understanding of the function of Hsfs in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is limited. In this study, a total of 22 non-redundant Hsf genes were identified in the moso bamboo genome. Structural characteristics and phylogenetic analysis revealed that members of the PheHsf family can be clustered into three classes (A, B and C). Furthermore, PheHsfs promoters contained a number of stress-, hormone- and development-related cis-acting elements. Transcriptome analysis indicated that most PheHsfs participate in rapid shoot growth and flower development in moso bamboo. Moreover, the expression patterns of all 12 members of class A were analyzed under various stresses (heat, drought, salt and cold treatment) through Figurereal-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Within the class A PheHsf members, PheHsfA1a was expressed mainly during moso bamboo development. Expression of four PheHsfA4s and one PheHsfA2 (PheHsfA4a-1, PheHsfA4a-2, PheHsfA4d-1, PheHsfA4d-2, and PheHsfA2a-2) was up-regulated in response to various stresses. PheHsfA2a-2, PheHsfA4d-1 and PheHsfA4d-2 were strongly induced respectively by heat, drought and NaCl stress. Through co-expression analysis we found that two hub genes PheHsfA4a-2 and PheHsfA4a-1 were involved in a complex protein interaction network. Based on the prediction of protein interaction networks, five PheHsfAs (PheHsfA4a-1, PheHsfA4a-2, PheHsfA4d-1, PheHsfA4d-2, and PheHsfA2a-2) were predicted to play an important role in flower and shoot development and abiotic stress response of moso bamboo. This study provides an overview of the complexity of the PheHsf gene family and a basis for analyzing the functions of PheHsf genes of interest.
Exploration of Sensory and Spinal Neurons Expressing GRP in Itch and Pain

Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is a putative itch-specific neurotransmitter, but definite evidence in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord is lacking. We generated and validated a Grp-Cre knock-in (GrpCre-KI) mouse line whereby Grp neurons are genetically labeled. Cre-dependent marking analysis revealed exclusive innervation of the upper epidermis of the skin by GRP fibers. Importantly, optical stimulation of Grp fibers expressing channel rhodopsin (ChR2) in the skin evoked itch but not pain-related scratching behaviors, while conditional deletion of Grp in sensory neurons attenuated non-histaminergic itch. In contrast, intersectional genetic ablation of spinal Grp neurons did not affect itch nor pain transmission. Our study demonstrates a role of GRP in sensory neurons in itch and suggests that GRP sensory neurons are dedicated to itch transmission. GrpCre-KI mice provide a long-sought avenue for investigating peripheral coding mechanism of itch and further interrogation of itch-nerve fibers in the skin under chronic pruritus. Highlights Validated expression of a Grp-Cre knock-in line in sensory neurons that innervate the skin Opto-activation of Grp sensory neurons evokes itch behavior Conditional deletion of Grp in sensory neurons reduces non-histaminergic itch behavior Intersectional ablation of Grp spinal neurons does not affect itch or pain behaviors
In vitro activity of six antiviral drugs against equid alphaherpesvirus type 1 indicates ganciclovir as promising drug for in vivo studies

ABSTRACT: Equid alphaherpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is distributed worldwide and is a major agent of abortion, respiratory and neurological disease in horses. No specific treatment is available for EHV-1 infection, yet the potential of antiviral therapy has been explored. In this study we investigated the in vitro activity of Acyclovir, Ganciclovir, Foscarnet, Famciclovir, Vidarabina and Cidofovir against EHV-1. For this, the MTT test was performed, in which all the tested drugs showed no toxicity up to 200μg/mL. Subsequently, different drug concentrations were submitted to viral plaque reduction assays in cell culture. The selectivity index (SI) of the compounds was determined using the cytotoxic concentration for 50% of cells (CC50), obtained by MTT, and effective drug concentration to inhibit by 50% the number of viral plaques (EC50). Ganciclovir (SI: 490; EC50: 1.9 μg/mL) was the most efficient and safest drug against EHV-1, followed by Cidofovir (SI: 150, EC50: 5.7μg/mL), Acyclovir (SI: 37.4, EC50: 22.2μg/mL), Famciclovir (SI: 25.1, EC50: 24.5μg/mL), Vidarabine (SI: 12.2, EC50: 40.9μg/mL) and Foscarnet (SI: 6.9, EC50: 49.5 μg/mL), respectively. These results indicated that Ganciclovir (followed by Cidofovir), is a promising candidate for use in in vivo experiments.
THE SELF-EFFICACY AND ANXIETY IN LEARNING MATHEMATICS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS

The study is aimed to determine the Level of Self-efficacy and Anxiety in Learning Mathematics of the First Year College Students of the Carlos Hilado Memorial State College for Second Semester Academic Year 2015-2016. The Descriptive-Correlational research design was employed, because this method is used to discover relationships among variables and to allow the prediction of future events from present knowledge (Stangor, 2015). Utilizing the Yamani’s formula, the number of sample was 347 participants out of total population of 4375 First year College Students. Both of the students’ level of Self-efficacy and Anxiety in Learning Mathematics when taken as whole was high, the level of self-efficacy of the participants when grouped according to campus, sex and father’s educational attainment was high, however, when grouped according to field of specialization, the BSHRM illustrated a low self-efficacy level. Furthermore, there was a significant difference on the level of Selfefficacy when grouped according to sex. While on the level of Anxiety, the Talisay and Alijis campus; female participants; AB, BSIT, BEED, BSHRM, BSENTRP and BSCRIM; and participant’s whose father with Elementary Graduate, High School Level and High School Graduate Educational Attainment has a high level of Anxiety in Learning Mathematics. Moreover, there was a significant difference on the level of anxiety when grouped according to father’s educational attainment. The results also showed that there was a weak negative relationship between the level of Self-efficacy and Anxiety of students’ in learning mathematics.
Improving Ecological Restoration to Curb Biotic Invasion—A Practical Guide

Abstract Common practices for invasive species control and management include physical, chemical, and biological approaches. The first two approaches have clear limitations and may lead to unintended (negative) consequences, unless carefully planned and implemented. For example, physical removal rarely completely eradicates the targeted invasive species and can cause disturbances that facilitate new invasions by nonnative species from nearby habitats. Chemical treatments can harm native, and especially rare, species through unanticipated side effects. Biological methods may be classified as biocontrol and the ecological approach. Similar to physical and chemical methods, biocontrol also has limitations and sometimes leads to unintended consequences. Therefore, a relatively safer and more practical choice may be the ecological approach, which has two major components: (1) restoration of native species and (2) biomass manipulation of the restored community, such as selective grazing or prescribed burning (to achieve and maintain viable population sizes). Restoration requires well-planned and implemented planting designs that consider alpha-, beta-, and gamma-diversity and the abundance of native and invasive component species at local, landscape, and regional levels. Given the extensive destruction or degradation of natural habitats around the world, restoration could be most effective for enhancing ecosystem resilience and resistance to biotic invasions. At the same time, ecosystems in human-dominated landscapes, especially those newly restored, require close monitoring and careful intervention (e.g., through biomass manipulation), especially when successional trajectories are not moving as intended. Biomass management frequently uses prescribed burning, grazing, harvesting, and thinning to maintain overall ecosystem health and sustainability. Thus, the resulting optimal, balanced, and relatively stable ecological conditions could more effectively limit the spread and establishment of invasive species. Here we review the literature (especially within the last decade) on ecological approaches that involve biodiversity, biomass, and productivity, three key community/ecosystem variables that reciprocally influence one another. We focus on the common and most feasible ecological practices that can aid in resisting new invasions and/or suppressing the dominance of existing invasive species. We contend that, because of the strong influences from neighboring areas (i.e., as exotic species pools), local restoration and management efforts in the future need to consider the regional context and projected climate changes.
Screening of significant oncogenic changes in air pollution-related lung cancer in Chinese population

Background Air pollution-related lung cancer has been considered as a deteriorating public health problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries. The highly air polluted regions in China particularly Xuanwei and Fuyuan counties have markedly high lung cancer rates and are considered as good models to study air pollution-related lung cancer. The present study investigated the clinically significant oncogenes in air pollution-related lung cancers. Methods A combination of reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and DNA sequencing was applied to examine the expression, mutations, or fusions of target genes, including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK), and cluster of differentiation 74-ROS proto-oncogene 1 (CD74-ROS1). Results Of the 82 patients with lung cancer, 20.7% (17/82) exhibited HER2 up-regulation, and 1.2% (1/82) harbored HER2 insertion at exon 20. HER2 overexpression was not associated with air pollution levels and smoking status. A total of 6.1% (5/82) samples exhibited ALK gene rearrangements; two belonged to EML4-E2 + ALK-E20 and three were EML4-E13 + ALK-E20; all the five cases occurred either in smokers or in patients from the most air-polluted region. A total of 3.6% (3/82) carried the CD74-ROS1 fusion gene (CD74-E6 + ROS1-E34); the fusion event was not statistically associated with air pollution levels. Conclusions The high rates of prevalence indicated in the present study suggest that the screening of HER2 overexpression and EML4-ALK fusion events may assist in guiding treatment in air pollution-related lung cancer; the RT-PCR-based test proposed in this study may be a useful tool in clinical applications to screen these genetic changes.
Engineering polyanhydride microspheres for the stabilization and controlled release of proteins

This work investigated the use of polyanhydride microspheres as drug delivery carriers for therapeutic proteins. The specific polyanhydrides investigated were poly(sebacic anhydride) and copolymers of poly[ 1,6-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)hexane] (poly(CPH)) and poly(SA), 20:80 (CPH:SA), 50:50 (CPH:SA), and 80:20 (CPH:SA). The model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) was encapsulated in poly(SA), 20:80 (CPH:SA), 50:50 (CPH:SA), and 80:20 (CPH:SA) microspheres to determine the feasibility of using polyanhydrides as protein carriers. Poly(SA) and 20:80 (CPH:SA) microspheres were found to stabilize the encapsulated BSA and were used for all future studies. The compatibility of three proteins (ovalbumin, lysozyme, and tetanus toxoid) with polyanhydride or polyester degradation products was investigated. This work provided a rational approach for selecting compatible protein/polymer systems prior to encapsulating a protein in a polymeric microspheres. The role of the microsphere fabrication process on protein stability was studied by encapsulating ovalbumin in microspheres fabricated by four different fabrication techniques (water-oil-water, water-oil-oil, soli-oil-oil, and a cryogenic atomization method). The in vitro release kinetics, encapsulation efficiencies, and structural stability of the encapsulated and released ovalbumin were investigated. The cryogenic atomization method was used in future applications. The therapeutic protein, uterocalin, was encapsulated in polyanhydride microspheres and its biological activity upon release in vitro was measured. Uterocalin released from poly(SA) and 20:80 (CPH.SA) microspheres was biologically active. This work demonstrates that polyanhydrides microspheres are suitable drug delivery devices for therapeutic proteins.
Comparing DNA, RNA and protein levels for measuring microbial activity in nitrogen-amended soils

Multi-omic techniques can offer a comprehensive overview of microbial communities at the gene, transcript and protein levels. However, to what extent these levels reflect in situ process rates is less clear, especially in highly complex habitats such as soils. Here we performed microcosm incubations using soil from a site with a history of agricultural management. Microcosms, amended with isotopically labelled ammonium and urea to simulate a fertilization event, showed nitrification (up to 4.1 ± 0.87 µg N-NO3- g-1 dry soil d-1) and accumulation of N2O after 192 hours of incubation. Nitrification activity (NH4+→NH2OH→NO2-→NO3-) was accompanied by a 6-fold increase in relative expression of the 16S rRNA gene (RNA/DNA) between 10 and 192 hours of incubation for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira. In contrast, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and complete ammonia oxidizer (comammox) nitrifiers showed stable gene expression during incubations but were generally more abundant (DNA level) than their Betaproteobacteria AOB counterparts. A strong relationship between nitrification activity and (mostly) betaproteobacterial ammonia monooxygenase (amoA; NH4+→NH2OH) and nitrite oxidoreductase (nxrA; NO2-→NO3-) transcript abundances revealed that mRNA levels quantitatively reflected measured activity and were generally more sensitive than the DNA level in the microcosm incubations. Although peptides related to housekeeping proteins from nitrite-oxidizing microorganisms were detected, their abundance was not significantly correlated with activity, revealing that meta-proteomics provided only a qualitative assessment of activity. Altogether, these findings underscore the strengths and limitations of multi-omic approaches for assessing complex microbial communities and provide the molecular means to assess nitrification processes in soils. IMPORTANCE Even though the use of omic approaches has expanded our knowledge of the diversity of microbial communities in natural and engineered systems, it is less clear how well the use of whole community DNA-, RNA- or protein-based approaches reflect microbial activities. To this end, we directly compared the different levels of molecular information (i.e., DNA, RNA or proteins) in order to assess which level best correlated with isotope-based measurements of nitrification activity in agricultural soils after fertilization. This work reveals the strengths as well as the associated limitations of metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and metaproteomic approaches in serving as reliable proxies for examining microbial activities in highly diverse environments like soils.
KONTROL SOSIAL MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PERILAKU MENYIMPANG REMAJA (KASUS PACARAN DI TAMAN SYARIAH KOTA PAREPARE)

This research explains about community social control toward deviant behavior of adolescents in Parepare City, especially community social control toward adolescents who are dating in the sharia park. Qualitative research methods were used to explore and understand the meaning of the problem studies, on the basis of case study research. There were seven informants in this research, consisting of community leaders, people who lived around the park, and visitors of the sharia park. The results of the research revealed that adolescent dating behavior was still considered in the category of relative deviation. Thus, the community that controls adolescents starting from the form, nature, and control processes are very weak. This was because the community would only control optimally when the courtship of adolescents in the sharia park had entered the stage of intimacy or sexual self-disclosure. The lack of community social control was caused by lack of socialization, government oversight and a variety of existing values and norms. Keywords: social control, deviant behavior, dating of adolescent.
Agricultural intensification drives butterfly decline

Severe losses of insects have taken place over major parts of Europe. This negative trend is assumed to be largely the result of agricultural intensification. To analyse potential factors causing this loss of species, we assessed butterfly communities at 21 grassland patches. Seventeen of these were distributed across an agricultural landscape dominated by crop fields; four were embedded in two adjoining managed semi‐natural grassland areas. We assessed environmental parameters such as patch size and habitat quality for each grassland patch. We further incorporated the surrounding land‐cover considering different degrees of land‐use intensity. We classified butterfly species into generalists and specialists according their ecological and behavioural characteristics. As in the managed semi‐natural reference grasslands, species richness and abundance were higher in patches surrounded by extensively used grasslands and unsprayed crop fields, and lower in patches surrounded by sprayed crop fields. Furthermore, blossom density positively affected butterfly occurrence. Our data revealed that specialised butterfly species mainly occur in managed semi‐natural grassland sites, and are largely absent from other grassland plots embedded in the agricultural matrix. Our study underlines the negative impacts of intense conventional agriculture on butterfly species richness and abundance and reveals the urgent need for more nature‐friendly cultivation methods. In situ experiments may help to understand and disentangle single drivers causing this negative trend.
Happy you, happy me: expressive changes on a stranger’s voice recruit faster implicit processes than self-produced expressions

In social interactions, people have to pay attention both to the what and who. In particular, expressive changes heard on speech signals have to be integrated with speaker identity, differentiating e.g. self- and other-produced signals. While previous research has shown that self-related visual information processing is facilitated compared to non-self stimuli, evidence in the auditory modality remains mixed. Here, we compared electroencephalography (EEG) responses to expressive changes in sequence of self- or other-produced speech sounds, using a mismatch negativity (MMN) passive oddball paradigm. Critically, to control for speaker differences, we used programmable acoustic transformations to create voice deviants which differed from standards in exactly the same manner, making EEG responses to such deviations comparable between sequences. Our results indicate that expressive changes on a stranger’s voice are highly prioritized in auditory processing compared to identical changes on the self-voice. Other-voice deviants generate earlier MMN onset responses and involve stronger cortical activations in a left motor and somatosensory network suggestive of an increased recruitment of resources for less internally predictable, and therefore perhaps more socially relevant, signals.
Updating the Comparative Evidence on Second‐Generation Antipsychotic Use With Schizophrenia

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of literature comparing second‐generation antipsychotics (SGAs) with each other and with first‐generation antipsychotics (FGAs) in treating schizophrenia. Methods MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO databases were searched through January 2020. Following standard methods, recent high‐quality systematic reviews of each drug comparison and subsequently published primary studies were included to update the meta‐analyses with any new data. Two reviewers independently conducted study selection, abstraction, and quality assessment. Results Two systematic reviews and 29 newer trials (total of 162 trials of SGAs, N=53,861; 116 trials of SGAs versus FGAs, N=119,558) were included. Most trials were of fair quality, industry‐funded, and included older SGAs and a few recently approved SGAs (asenapine, lurasidone, iloperidone, cariprazine, brexpiprazole and long‐acting injection [LAI] formulations of aripiprazole and paliperidone). Older SGAs had similar effects on function, quality of life, mortality, and adverse event incidence, although clozapine improved symptoms more than most other drugs and olanzapine and risperidone were superior to some other drugs. Olanzapine, risperidone, ziprasidone, and aripiprazole performed similarly on outcomes of benefit compared with haloperidol. Risperidone LAI and olanzapine resulted in fewer withdrawals due to adverse events, but risk of diabetes increased with olanzapine. Haloperidol had greater incidence of adverse events than did olanzapine and risperidone, but similar effects on other outcomes. Conclusions Most comparative evidence favored older SGAs, with clozapine, olanzapine, and risperidone superior on more outcomes than other SGAs. Older SGAs had similar benefits as haloperidol but with fewer adverse events.
STANDARISASI DAN SKRINING FITOKIMIA EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% DAUN JERUK LIMAU (Citrus amblycarpa (Hassk.) Osche)

Jeruk limau (Citrus amblycarpa (Hassk.) Osche) merupakan tanaman endemik Indonesia yang memiliki potensi besar sebagai obat. Pendekatan kemotaksonomi terhadap daun C. amblycarpa dilakukan untuk memprediksi potensinya dalam pengobatan. Sebelum dilakukan pengujian aktivitas farmakologi, serbuk dan ekstrak yang diperoleh dari hasil ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70% terlebih dahulu dilakukan studi pendahuluan meliputi perhitungan persentase rendemen ekstrak, pemeriksaan organoleptik dan mikroskopik serbuk, standarisasi serbuk dan ekstrak, dan skrining fitokimia untuk mengetahui kandungan metabolit sekunder dari daun C. amblycarpa. Standarisasi yang dilakukan meliputi penetapan kadar abu total, penetapan kadar abu tidak larut asam, penetapan kadar abu larut air, dan penetapan kadar air dari serbuk simpilisa dan ekstrak. Skrining fitokimia terhadap ekstrak etanol 70% daun C. amblycarpa meliputi pemeriksaan alkaloid, pemeriksaan flavonoid, pemeriksaan polifenol dan tanin, pemeriksaan glikosida, pemeriksaan steroid dan triterpenoid, pemeriksaan saponin, serta pemeriksaan minyak atsiri. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 70% daun C. amblycarpa mengandung senyawa golongan flavonoid, polifenol dan tanin, glikosida, serta minyak atsiri. Kata Kunci: Citrus amblycarpa (Hassk.) Osche, jeruk limau, standarisasi, skrining fitokimia