Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Environmental Risk Factors Influence the Frequency of Coughing and Sneezing Episodes in Finisher Pigs on a Farm Free of Respiratory Disease

Simple Summary Inappropriate environmental conditions in pig buildings are detrimental for both pig and farm-staff health and welfare. With ongoing technological developments, a variety of sensor technology is available and can be used to measure environmental conditions such as air temperature, relative humidity, and ammonia and dust concentrations in real time. Moreover, a tool was recently developed to give farmers an objective assessment of pigs’ respiratory health by continuously measuring coughing in finisher pigs. This study assessed baseline levels of coughing on a farm free of respiratory disease, and aimed to identify relationships between environmental conditions and coughing frequency in pigs. Six replicates were conducted. Coughing levels in healthy pigs were overall low, and coughing frequency can be predicted by environmental conditions such as high ammonia concentrations and high ventilation rates. Results of this study can be used as guidelines to determine normal coughing levels in healthy pigs, and to calibrate the alarm systems of tools that measure coughing frequency, such as the cough monitor used in this study. The collection and amalgamation of data from a variety of sources related to health, welfare, and performance are important in order to improve the efficiency and sustainability of the pig industry. Abstract This study aimed to assess baseline levels of coughing on a farm free of respiratory disease, and to identify relationships between environmental conditions and coughing frequency in finisher pigs. Six replicates were conducted (690 pigs in total). A cross-correlation analysis was performed and lags of the predictor variables were carried forward for multivariable regression analysis when significant and showing r > 0.25. Results show that coughing frequency was overall low. In the first replicate, coughing was best predicted by exposure to higher ammonia concentrations that occurred with a lag of 1, 7, and 15 days (p = 0.003, p = 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively), while in the sixth replicate coughing frequency was best predicted by the exposure to lower relative humidity and higher ventilation rates with a lag of 7 and 15 days (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). Ammonia concentrations varied according to ventilation rates recorded on the same day (r > −0.70). In conclusion, guidelines on coughing levels in healthy pigs and calibration of the alarm systems of tools that measure coughing frequency can be extrapolated from this study. Environmental risk factors are associated with the respiratory health of finisher pigs.
Analysis of the Fragilaria rumpens complex (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta) with the description of two new species

: The former Synedra rumpens complex has long puzzled diatom taxonomists. In the nineteenth century, many infraspecific taxa were described as varieties or forms of S. rumpens . In the present study, type material of Synedra rumpens and several infraspecific taxa such as S. rumpens var. fragilarioides and S. familiaris f. parva and f. major was investigated using LM and SEM observations. For comparison, the original material of several other relevant diatom taxa (such as Fragilaria perdelicatissima , F. spinaspeciosa , Synedra campyla , S. vaucheriae var. distans ) was also analysed. The results based on these comparisons show that all infraspecific taxa should be split from Fragilaria rumpens . Fragilaria campyla is a new combination within the genus Fragilaria with F. parva and S. ( rumpens var.? ) familiaris f. major as synonyms. Fragilaria scotica is likewise a new combina tion in Fragilaria . Fragilaria metcalfeana is proposed as new name for Synedra familiaris var. neogena . The analysis of F. distans and F. fragilarioides confirmed their conspecificity, with F. fragilarioides having priority as name. Finally, two new species, F. pseudofamiliaris Van de Vijver, T.M. Schuster, Kusber et D.M. Williams sp. nov. and F. bahlsiana Van de Vijver, C.E. Wetzel et Ector sp. nov. are described. Using an analysis of the associated diatom flora, the ecological preferences of each taxon are briefly discussed.
The Effect of Business Legal Form on the Perception of COVID-19-Related Disruptions by Households Running a Business

Recent studies uncover the lack of symmetry in COVID-19-related economic shock distributions among households. Thus, questions arise about the appropriateness of diverse risk-coping mechanisms by households. We add to this strand of research by focusing on households running a business. In particular, we analyze the role of basic legal aspects of running a business by individuals, specifically a legal form of business activity in shaping COVID-19-related business risk perception. We posit that the different legal forms allow for different risk-coping mechanisms. We incorporate analysis of variance (ANOVA) on data obtained via a survey distributed among households running a business in Poland, a country where the pandemic threatens poverty-reducing growth. We confirm that between the groups of households running a business in various legal forms, there are statistically significant differences regarding the impact of COVID-19. Thus, we conclude that the choice of business legal form affects vulnerability to COVID-19-related interruptions among households running a business.
The effect of study abroad on the choice of request perspectives in formal and informal contexts: evidence from role play

The present study reports on the effect of study abroad on the choice of request perspectives in formal and informal situations using the intermediary of an open role play test. The study is a longitudinal one involving 24 Ghanaian L2 French learners. At least 12 out of the 24 did a study abroad in France and the other 12 in Benin. Both groups studied for a duration of 10 months in their respective contexts. Additional data included learner’s self-reported volume of interaction in French per day. The main results show that the effect of formality of the context on the choice of request perspectives is only observed after study abroad. This seems to be as a result of their interaction with L1 speakers during study abroad leading to the adoption of native-like use of request perspectives in formal and informal situations.
How do formalization, centralization and integration impact dynamic knowledge-based capability?

Dynamic capability is a fundamental concept for firms to achieve competitive advantage. In the past two decades, researcher have studied the impact of dynamic capability on the business, financial, and innovative performance of organizations; however, it is clear that the results achieved by some companies are superior in terms of the development and application of dynamic capability. This difference in terms of the results achieved can be explained by factors related to the organizational structure and, therefore, this research analyses the impacts of the organizational structure on knowledge-based dynamic capability. Partial Least Squares (PLS) was applied to a sample of 192 Brazilian manufacturing companies to analyze our theoretical premises. Our research contributes to the literature by showing how the components of the organizational structure (formalization, centralization, and integration) affect the two elements of knowledge-based dynamic capability (knowledge absorptive and transformative capacity). Previous studies indicate that less mechanical structures, that is, structures with lower levels of centralization and formalization, are favorable for the development of dynamic capability. In a different way, our results indicate that formalization and centralization act differently in relation to the absorptive capacity transformative capacity.
Morphological Differences between Chaetodon auriga and Chaetodon vagabundus based on Truss Morphometric Characters

Chaetodon auriga and Chaetodon vagabundus are popular marine aquaria fish from Cahetodontidae family. Both species show subtle morphological variations, especially in juvenile stages, which might lead to misidentification. Additional morphological characteristics, such as truss morphometric, are valuable characters for species identification in Chaetodontidae. This study aimed to evaluate morphological differences between Chaetodon auriga and C. vagabundus based on truss morphometric characters. The study is expected to provide new morphometric characters for Chaetodon auriga and C. vagabundus differentiation on the southern coast of West Java, Indonesia. Fish samples were collected from Ujunggenteng and Taman Manalusu Beach. The specimens were identified based on morphological characteristics and referred to the characters available in the literature. Truss morphometric characters were measured using callipers with an accuracy of 0.01mm and convert to ratio values to obtain constant value. The data were analyzed statistically using the Mann-Whitney test in SPSS software packages. The result showed that five truss morphometric characters were significantly different between C. auriga and C.vagabundus . This study concluded that C. auriga and C. vagabundus could be differentiated using truss morphometric character. This study provides five new morphometric characters for species differentiation in fish species, especially between C. auriga and C. vagabundus .
An evaluation of the E3SMv1 Arctic ocean and sea-ice regionally refined model

The Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) is a state-of-the-science Earth system model (ESM) with the ability to focus horizontal resolution of its multi-ple components in speciﬁc areas. Regionally reﬁned global ESMs are motivated by the need to explicitly resolve, rather than parameterize, relevant physics within the regions of reﬁned resolution, while offering signiﬁcant computational cost savings relative to the respective cost of conﬁgurations with high-resolution (HR) everywhere on the globe. In this paper, we document results from the ﬁrst Arctic regionally reﬁned E3SM conﬁguration for the ocean and sea-ice components (E3SM-Arctic-OSI), while employing data-based atmosphere, land, and hydrology components. Our aim is an improved representation of the Arctic coupled ocean and sea-ice state, its variability and trends, and the exchanges of mass and property ﬂuxes between the Arctic and the sub-Arctic. We
Women’s groups and COVID-19: An evidence review on savings groups in Africa

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and some of the associated policy responses have resulted in significant gendered impacts that may reverse recent progress in gender equality, including in sub-Saharan Africa. This paper presents emerging evidence from studies in diverse contexts in sub-Saharan Africa —with a deep dive into Nigeria and Uganda—on how COVID-19 has affected women’s groups, especially savings groups, and how these groups have helped mitigate the gendered effects of the pandemic’s and the associated policy responses’ consequences up until April 2021. The synthesis presents evidence that savings groups found ways to continue operating, provided leadership opportunities for women during the pandemic, and mitigated some of the negative economic consequences of COVID-19 on individual savings group members. Savings, credit, and group support from other members all likely contributed to the ability of groups to positively affect the resilience of women’s group member during COVID-19. Households with a female member in a savings group in Nigeria and Uganda have coped with the crisis better than those not in savings groups. While savings groups have shown the potential for resilience during the pandemic, they often faced financial challenges because of decreased savings, which sometimes resulted in the depletion of group assets. Savings groups also contributed to community responses and provided women a platform for leadership. These findings are consistent with a recent evidence synthesis on how past covariate shocks affected women’s groups and their members. We conclude the paper by presenting various policy recommendations to enable savings groups to achieve improvements in women’s empowerment and economic outcomes, and research recommendations to address some of the current evidence gaps on how COVID-19 is affecting women’s groups and their members.
Polypharmacotherapy in Psychiatry: Global Insights from a Rapid Online Survey of Psychiatrists

In recent years, an increase in the problem of polypharmacotherapy in psychiatric patients has been observed, including the widespread problem of groups of people taking new psychoactive substances. One reason for this problem may be the poor knowledge of pharmacological interactions in psychiatry. The aim of this study was to explore the opinions and knowledge of psychiatrists from around the world on various aspects related to polypharmacotherapy. A total of 1335 psychiatrists from six continents were included in the study. The respondents’ opinion on the problem of hepatotoxicity in psychiatry was also examined. The greatest discrepancy among psychiatrists from different continents in the answers given concerned the definition of polypharmacotherapy (p < 0.001) and the approach to hepatotoxicity (p < 0.001). It is noteworthy that only about 20% of the psychiatrists surveyed (p < 0.001) believe that polypharmacotherapy is associated with a higher rate of patients’ hospitalisations. The most commonly used type of polypharmacy by psychiatrists was antidepressants and antipsychotics. Most of them also stated that polypharmacy was associated with reduced patient compliance with the doctor’s recommendations related to taking medications due to the increased complexity of the therapy. The continent that diversified the analysed questions to the greatest extent was Africa. Future educational activities for trainee psychiatrists should include more discussion of polypharmacotherapy in psychiatry.
Traditional Grain-Based vs. Commercial Milk Kefirs, How Different Are They?

Traditional kefir, which is claimed for health-promoting properties, is made from natural grain-based kefir, while commercial kefirs are made of defined mixtures of microorganisms. Here, approaches are described how to discriminate commercial and traditional kefirs. These two groups of kefirs were characterized by in-depth analysis on the taxonomic and functional level. Cultivation-independent targeted qPCR as well as next-generation sequencing (NGS) proved a completely different microbial composition in traditional and commercial kefirs. While in the traditional kefirs, Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens was the dominant bacterial species, commercial kefirs were dominated by Lactococcus lactis. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis using headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry also revealed drastic differences between commercial and traditional kefirs; the former built a separate cluster together with yogurt samples. Lactose and galactose concentrations in commercial kefirs were considerably higher than in traditional kefirs, which is important regarding their health properties for people who have specific intolerances. In summary, the analyzed commercial kefirs do not resemble the microbial community and metabolite characteristics of traditional grain-based kefir. Thus, they may deliver different functional effects to the consumers, which remain to be examined in future studies.
The influence of different soccer cleat type on kinetic, kinematic and neuromuscular ankle variables in artificial turf

Lateral ankle sprain is the most prevalent injury in soccer athletes. Enhanced by the variety of soccer cleats and by increased use of artificial turf, the interaction between the ground and the footwear has taken high importance as a lateral ankle sprain risk factor. The higher incidence of injuries in the second half of the match reflects the need of studying this interaction during tasks involving muscle fatigue. To evaluate the influence of different soccer cleats on kinetic, kinematic and neuromuscular ankle variables in artificial turf under two conditions: with and without fatigue of lateral ankle dynamic stabilizers. Study design: Experimental study within-subjects design. Twenty-four healthy athletes participated in this study. All subjects performed three sets of five medial-lateral unipodal jumps, each one with one of three models of cleats (Turf, Hard and Firm ground) on two conditions: with and without fatigue induced by the isokinetic dynamometer. The electromyographic activity of long and short peroneal heads, ground reaction forces and the movement of the rear-foot were collected and used to calculate kinematic (ankle eversion/inversion, centre of pressure displacement and velocity), kinetic (loading rate of the ground reaction forces) and neuromuscular variables (activation time of peroneal muscles). With the exception of decreased peroneal activation time with the Hard ground model (without fatigue vs. with fatigue), no statistically significant differences were identified in the ankle variables, between cleats, neither between the two evaluated conditions. In healthy soccer athletes, the contributor variables for ankle sprain were not influenced by the kind of soccer cleat in a functional test on a third generation artificial turf.
Kainic Acid Epilepsy Model in Wistar Rats: The Comparative Ameliorate Use of Bryophyllum pinnatum, Ketogenic Diet and Carbamazepine on the Frontal Lobe Cortex with Selected Behavioral Parameters

Introduction: Frontal lobe Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by brief, recurrent seizures which arise from the frontal lobes of the brain. Bryophyllum pinnatum , is a natural herb which has been known for its anticonvulsant potential in experimental animals. The ketogenic diet is a form of treatment for epilepsy in children created due to the observation that fasting had anti-seizure properties. This comparative study investigated the potential ameliorative use of Bryophyllum pinnatum, K etogenic diet and Carbamazepine, on the frontal lobe cortex in kainic acid induced epilepsy wistar rat models. Kainic acid + carbamazepine. Rats were sacrificed after 29 days treatment period and their brains excised. The precentral cortices were cut and phosphate buffer preserved for enzymes and hormonal assay and the rest brain samples were stored in formal saline for histological demonstrations. Neurobehavioral studies which included Elevated Plus Maze and Barnes Maze tests were carried out before the rats were sacrificed. Results: Kainic acid caused extensive damage to cortical structures. Bryophyllum pinnatum stimulated regeneration of damaged cells and restoration of myelination and cellular integrity. Discussion: Although, there was extensive damage done by kainic acid to the cortical structures in group B, group C, group D and group E, Bryophyllum pinnatum stimulated the restoration of neurotransmission and massive production of astrocytes which aided in neuronal regeneration.
A Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase Urzyme: Authenticity of tRNA Synthetase Catalytic Activities and Promiscuous Phosphorylation of Leucyl-5′AMP

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS)/tRNA cognate pairs translate the genetic code by synthesizing specific aminoacyl-tRNAs that are assembled on messenger RNA by the ribosome. Deconstruction of the two distinct aaRS superfamilies (Classes) has provided conceptual and experimental models for their early evolution. Urzymes, containing ~120–130 amino acids excerpted from regions where genetic coding sequence complementarities have been identified, are key experimental models motivated by the proposal of a single bidirectional ancestral gene. Previous reports that Class I and Class II urzymes accelerate both amino acid activation and tRNA aminoacylation have not been extended to other synthetases. We describe a third urzyme (LeuAC) prepared from the Class IA Pyrococcus horikoshii leucyl-tRNA synthetase. We adduce multiple lines of evidence for the authenticity of its catalysis of both canonical reactions, amino acid activation and tRNALeu aminoacylation. Mutation of the three active-site lysine residues to alanine causes significant, but modest reduction in both amino acid activation and aminoacylation. LeuAC also catalyzes production of ADP, a non-canonical enzymatic function that has been overlooked since it first was described for several full-length aaRS in the 1970s. Structural data suggest that the LeuAC active site accommodates two ATP conformations that are prominent in water but rarely seen bound to proteins, accounting for successive, in situ phosphorylation of the bound leucyl-5′AMP phosphate, accounting for ADP production. This unusual ATP consumption regenerates the transition state for amino acid activation and suggests, in turn, that in the absence of the editing and anticodon-binding domains, LeuAC releases leu-5′AMP unusually slowly, relative to the two phosphorylation reactions.
Effects of Non-Structural Walls on Mitigating the Risk of Progressive Collapse of RC Structures

This study aims to investigate the effect of the infilled frames through various important parameters (i.e., the openings’ percentage in infill walls several columns on the first floor are removed partial infilled) in the RC structures, subject to progressive collapse scenarios. To this end, 3D finite element models were constructed by using the software ABAQUS. Numerical and experimental results were compared to substantiate the finite element models’ capability of simulating the experimental models’ behavior of Al-Chaar et al. (2002) in an accurate manner. The results showed that there was good agreement between experimental and numerical results. Moreover, the results indicated that there was a significant effect, which cannot be neglected, on the progressive collapse resistance; the reduction ratios in vertical displacement at the regions removed columns can reach up to 80%.
Development and Validation of a Non-Invasive, Chairside Oral Cavity Cancer Risk Assessment Prototype Using Machine Learning Approach

Oral cavity cancer (OCC) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates when diagnosed at late stages. Early detection of increased risk provides an opportunity for implementing prevention strategies surrounding modifiable risk factors and screening to promote early detection and intervention. Historical evidence identified a gap in the training of primary care providers (PCPs) surrounding the examination of the oral cavity. The absence of clinically applicable analytical tools to identify patients with high-risk OCC phenotypes at point-of-care (POC) causes missed opportunities for implementing patient-specific interventional strategies. This study developed an OCC risk assessment tool prototype by applying machine learning (ML) approaches to a rich retrospectively collected data set abstracted from a clinical enterprise data warehouse. We compared the performance of six ML classifiers by applying the 10-fold cross-validation approach. Accuracy, recall, precision, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and recall–precision curves for the derived voting algorithm were: 78%, 64%, 88%, 92%, 0.83, and 0.81, respectively. The performance of two classifiers, multilayer perceptron and AdaBoost, closely mirrored the voting algorithm. Integration of the OCC risk assessment tool developed by clinical informatics application into an electronic health record as a clinical decision support tool can assist PCPs in targeting at-risk patients for personalized interventional care.
Occurrence of white pocket rotin Pine stands of older age classesin North-Western Poland

The study analysed the occurrence of white pocket rot in older pine stands. Analyses were conducted during cutting operations, which provided an opportunity to examine each felled tree in terms of the occurrence of heartwood rot. Based on observations it was found that the actual share of trees infested by Porodaedalea pini considerably exceeds the number of trees with external symptoms. Most frequently the range of rot caused by P. pini covered sections from the root swelling to a heightof 5 m.