Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN EGG WHITE POWDER DENGAN KONSENTRASI 3% TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMBENTUKAN GEL SURIMI DARI BERBAGAI JENIS IKAN

Selama proses pembuatannya, kekuatan gel surimi mengalami penurunan, terutama pada saat proses pemanasan. Penambahan bahan tambahan pangan yang sesuai diharapkan dapat mengurangi penurunan kekuatan gel pada surimi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi Egg White Powder terhadap kemampuan pembentukan gel surimi dengan bahan baku jenis ikan yang berbeda. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu ikan Tigawaja ( Nibea albiflora ), ikan Belanak ( Mugil sp. ), dan ikan Mujair ( Oreochromis mossambicus ) dengan masing-masing perlakuan penambahan EWP 0% dan 3%. Sampel diuji kekuatan gel, kadar air, kadar protein, pH, derajat putih, uji lipat, uji gigit, dan uji hedonik. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan percobaan RAK dengan dua faktor yaitu perbedaan jenis ikan dan penambahan EWP. Data dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Varians (ANOVA) dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan EWP sebanyak 3% pada surimi dari ikan Tigawaja, ikan Belanak, dan ikan Mujair tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap nilai derajat putih, dengan kisaran nilai 60.775-72.09%. Penambahan EWP sebanyak 3% juga tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap nilai pH, dengan kisaran nilai pH 7.37-7.54 pada ketiga jenis ikan. Namun penambahan EWP sebanyak 3%, memberikan pengaruh nyata (P<0.05) terhadap nilai kekuatan gel, kadar air, kadar protein, uji lipat, uji gigit, dan uji hedonik. Kekuatan gel pada ketiga jenis ikan yang digunakan mengalami peningkatan setelah penambahan EWP 3% dengan peningkatan terbaik yaitu pada ikan Belanak sebesar 787.37 g.cm, ikan Mujair sebesar 558.6 g.cm, dan pada ikan tigawaja sebesar 503.56 g.cm. Along it’s making process, mainly in heating process, the gel strength of surimi is decreasing. The adding of various kinds of food additive could be the solution to alleviate the gel softening problem. This research is intend to studying the potential ability of Egg White Powder added to surimi from different kinds of fish. The material were used in this research are White Flower Croacker (Nibea albiflora), Mullet (Mugil sp.), and Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) with the addition of EWP 0% and 3%, respectively. The research involves determining several parameter, which are gel strength, whiteness, water content, protein content, pH, hedonic test, folding test, and teeth cutting test. The randomized block data, ANOVA, and tukey test was performed to analyze the data. The results showed that adding 3% of EWP on White Flower Croacker, Mullet, and Mozambique Tilapia does not take effect on whiteness parameter, the value itself ranged from 60.775-72.09%. The adding of 3% EWP also does not take effect on pH value ranged from 7.37-7.54. Yet, takes effect (P<0.05) on gel strength, water content, protein content, folding test, teeth cutting test, and hedonic test. The value of gel strength were increased due to 3% EWP adding, with the highest increment on Mullet 787.37 g.cm, followed by Mozambique Tilapia 558.6 g.cm, and White Flower Croacker 503.56 g.cm.
An operating room audit to examine for patterns of staff entry/exit: pattern sequencing as a method of traffic reduction

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are estimated at over 16,000 annually and cost hospitals an estimated $1.6 billion per year. Therefore, most operating rooms (ORs) seek methods to reduce the risk of SSI, especially during the intraoperative period. Prior work has established a link between excess traffic through the OR and increased microbial counts, which create a higher risk for SSIs. Aim/Objectives: To identify patterns of staff entry into the OR to further reduce the risk of SSIs after total joint arthroplasties. Methods: Researchers directly observed 31 total joint arthroplasties, recording every instance the door to the OR suite opened and the personnel, reason for opening and timing during surgical incision. Researchers then utilised the sequential data analysis to search for patterns. Results: Despite expected patterns in staff movement during the patterned surgery, researchers found no significant patterns to staff movement during total joint arthroplasty. Discussion: This study’s results suggest purposeful education targeted to circulating registered nurses could induce purposeful creation of traffic flow patterns to further decrease traffic and risk of SSI. Conclusion: There is no singular pattern to entering and exiting the OR during surgery. Thus, a single-solution approach is not recommended.
Height and structure of the fountain region above spouted beds

The height and structure of the fountain which forms in the freeboard region above the annular surface of a spouted bed is predicted based on equations of motion for particles entrained in the spout. Predicted fountain heights are in good agreement with a wide range of experimental values covering polystyrene particles, wheat, millet, glass beads and ammonium nitrate spouted in columns of diameter up to 0.292 m. A simplified procedure in which drag is ignored gives good results also under most circumstances of practical importance. The theoretical niodel proposed can be used to predict the voidage profile in the fountain core and the holdup of particles ill the freeboard, both of which may be useful in estimating the performance of spouted bed reactors. On preit la hauteur et la structure de la fontaine qui se forme daus la region suiplombant la surface annulaire d'un lit “gicle” (spouted), en se basant sur des equations de mouvenient relatives aux particules qui sont entrafnees dans le jet. La hauteur prevue de la fontaine concorde bien avec des vaieurs expeiuientales trees variees portant sur les particules de polystyrene, du ble, du millet, des perles de verre et du nitrate d'amnionium qui ont ete “giclgicles” dans des coloniies dont le diamere peut atteindre 0.292 metre. Un modele simplifie, dans lequel on ne tient pas compte de la resistance a la trainee, fournit aussi de bons resultats dans la plupart des circonstances dimportance pratique. On peut employer le modele propose pour prevoir le profil du degre de vide dans la partie centrale de la foutaine et la retention (densite) des particules dans la zone superieure au-dessus du lit; ces deux caracteristiques etant utiles pour evaluer la performance des reacteurs a lit “gicle”
Development of an in vitro Model for the Study of the Response of Equine Tendon Fibroblasts to Injury and Medication

Summary Equine tendon fibroblasts were isolated from explants of superficial digital flexor tendon, subcultured and maintained in monolayers. The cells were characterized by light microscopy, electron microscopy and radiolabel studies for proteoglycan production. Two predominant cell morphologies were identified. The cells dedifferentiated toward a more spindle shape with repeated subcultures. Equine tendon fibroblasts were successfully cryopreserved and subsequently subcultured. The ability to produce proteoglycan was preserved. The isolated cells were identified as fibroblasts, based on their characteristic shape by light microscopy and ultrastructure and the active production of extracellular matrix proteins. Abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and the production of extracellular matrix products demonstrated active protein production and export. Proteoglycans were measurable via liquid scintillation counting in both the cell-associated fraction and free in the supernatant. This model is currently being utilized to study the effects of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan on tendon healing. Future uses include studying the effects of other pharmaceuticals, such as hyaluronic acid, on tendon healing. A model was developed for in vitro investigations into tendon healing. Fibroblasts were isolated from equine superficial digital flexor tendons and maintained in monolayer culture. The tenocytes were characterized via light and electron microscopy. Proteoglycan production was measured, using radio-label techniques. The fibroblasts were cryopreserved and subsequently subcultured. The cells maintained their capacity for proteoglycan production, following repeated subculturing and cryopreservation.
Demographic Change and Regional Labour Markets

Like many other countries, Germany has experienced rapid population and workforce ageing, yet with substantial variation across regions. In this paper we first use this spatial variation between 1975 and 2014 to estimate quasi-causal supply effects of ageing on regional labour market outcomes, drawing on the identification strategy of Böhm and Siegel (2020). We find in our panel of German labour market regions that workforce mean age has considerable negative effects on the wage returns to age. We also obtain suggestive evidence that relative employment rates of older workers decline when mean age rises. A decomposition of the heterogeneous regional trends using our estimates shows that ageing of rural regions is mainly driven by supply (reflecting local population dynamics) whereas urban ageing is driven by demand (reflecting responses to economic conditions). We discuss the differential implications of these drivers for regional policy.
Economic Impacts of the Demand Response of Electric Vehicles Considering Battery Degradation

The increase in the number of electric vehicles (EVs) has led to increased global expectations that the application of this technology may result in the reduction of CO2 emissions through the replacement of conventional petrol vehicles and ensure the flexibility of power systems such as batteries. In this paper, we propose a residential demand response (DR) evaluation model that considers the degradation mechanism of the EV battery and examines the effective battery operation. We adopted the already-proposed NiMnCo battery degradation model to develop an EV DR evaluation model. In this model, the battery operation is optimized to minimize the electricity and degradation costs affected by ambient temperature, battery state of charge (SOC), and depth of discharge. In this study, we evaluated the impact of the relevant parameters on the economics of the DR of EV batteries for 10 all-electric detached houses with photovoltaic system assuming multiple EV driving patterns and battery (dis)charging constraints. The results indicated that the degradation costs are greatly affected by the SOC condition. If a low SOC can be managed with a DR strategy, the total cost can be reduced. This is because the sum of the reduction of purchased cost from the utility and calendar degradation costs are higher than the increase of the cycle degradation cost. In addition, an analysis was conducted considering different driving patterns. The results showed that the cost reduction was highest when a driving pattern was employed in which the mileage was low and the staying at home time was large. When degradation costs are included, the value of optimized charging and discharging operations is more apparent than when degradation costs are not considered.
Incorporation of U, Pb and Rare Earth Elements in Calcite through Crystallisation from Amorphous Calcium Carbonate: Simple Preparation of Reference Materials for Microanalysis

Uncertainty for elemental and isotopic measurements in calcite by LA‐ICP‐MS is largely controlled by the homogeneity of the reference materials (RMs) used for calibration and validation. In order to produce calcite RMs with homogeneous elemental and isotopic compositions, we incorporated elements including U, Pb and rare earth elements into calcite through heat‐ and pressure‐induced crystallisation from amorphous calcium carbonate that was precipitated from element‐doped reagent solution. X‐ray absorption spectra showed that U was present as U(VI) in the synthesised calcite, probably with a different local structure from that of aqueous uranyl ions. The uptake rate of U by our calcite was higher in comparison with synthetic calcite of previous studies. Variations of element mass fractions in the calcite were better than 12% 2RSD, mostly within 7%. The 207Pb/206Pb ratio in the calcite showed < 1% variations, while the 238U/206Pb ratio showed 3–24% variations depending on element mass fractions. Using the synthetic calcite as primary RMs, we could date a natural calcite RM, WC‐1, with analytical uncertainty as low as < 3%. The method presented can be useful to produce calcite with controlled and homogeneous element mass fractions and is a promising alternative to natural calcite RMs for U‐Pb geochronology.
Acid‐ and alkali‐catalyzed tannin‐based rigid foams

Acid- and alkali-catalyzed polyflavonoid tannin-based rigid foams were prepared. These foams have comparable physical and mechanical properties to the synthetic phenolic rigid foam used as a comparative standard. The fluid polymer phase was based on a mimosa tannin-formaldehyde resin with a minor addition of a fortifier resin. Expansion of the fluid phase was brought about by a physical blowing agent, whereas dimensional stabilization was achieved through cross-linking at the desired density. In the case of the acid-catalyzed foam, a heat-generating agent in the form of furfuryl alcohol was employed. The polymer composition of tannin–formaldehyde/urea–formaldehyde systems as a function of pH was predicted from the respective gel times and rate constants, i.e., above pH 7, the copolymer proportion will tend to 100% and, that at pH 3.4, the polymer blend proportion will tend to a maximum. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Enzymatic in situ saccharification of rice straw in aqueous-ionic liquid media using encapsulated Trichoderma aureoviride cellulase

BACKGROUND Enzymatic in situ saccharification of lignocellulose in ionic liquids (ILs) has become a hot topic of research, but is hampered by the incompatibility of ILs with cellulase. The aim of this present work was to improve IL tolerance of the cellulase from Trichoderma aureoviride strain HS through an efficient encapsulation method, and thus to develop a compatible IL–cellulase system for biorefining. RESULTS The cellulase was encapsulated in alginate beads and its stability was greatly enhanced in various concentrations of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphate ([Emim][DMP]). The encapsulated cellulase preserved 76% of the original activity in 40% (v/v) [Emim][DMP] for 12 h, whereas free cellulase lost nearly 95% activity. After treating rice straw with [Emim][DMP] at 100 °C and dilution to a final IL concentration of 40% (v/v), the pretreatment slurry was in situ hydrolyzed using encapsulated cellulase. Under the one-pot process, a maximum saccharification rate of 84% was obtained, increased by 65% compared with that in buffer based on free cellulase. CONCLUSION The hydrophilic alginate hydrogel protected the hydration shell of cellulase well against destruction by [Emim][DMP]. The feasibility of hydrolysis reaction in aqueous-IL media using encapsulated cellulase was demonstrated, thus developing a one-pot, wash-free scheme for saccharification of lignocellulose. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Ancient Egyptian mummified shrews (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) and mice (Rodentia: Muridae) from the Spanish Mission to Dra Abu el-Naga, and their implications for environmental change in the Nile valley during the past two millennia

Abstract Excavation of Ptolemaic Period (ca. 309–30 BC) strata within Theban Tombs 11, 12, -399-, and UE194A by the Spanish Mission to Dra Abu el-Naga (also known as the Djehuty Project), on the west bank of the Nile River opposite Luxor, Egypt, yielded remains of at least 175 individual small mammals that include four species of shrews (Eulipotypha: Soricidae) and two species of rodents (Rodentia: Muridae). Two of the shrews (Crocidura fulvastra and Crocidura pasha) no longer occur in Egypt, and one species (Crocidura olivieri) is known in the country only from a disjunct population inhabiting the Nile delta and the Fayum. Although deposited in the tombs by humans as part of religious ceremonies, these animals probably derived originally from local wild populations. The coexistence of this diverse array of shrew species as part of the mammal community near Luxor indicates greater availability of moist floodplain habitats than occur there at present. These were probably made possible by a greater flow of the Nile, as indicated by geomorphological and palynological evidence. The mammal fauna recovered by the Spanish Mission provides a unique snapshot of the native Ptolemaic community during this time period, and it permits us to gauge community turnover in the Nile valley of Upper Egypt during the last 2000 years. It also serves as a relevant example for understanding the extinction and extirpation of mammal species as effects of future environmental changes predicted by current climatic models.
Keyakinan Epistemologis dan Belajar-Mengajar Matematika Calon Guru Matematika Sekolah Dasar

Keyakinan epistemologis guru terhadap matematika akan mempengaruhi keyakinannya dalam pembelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keyakinan epistemologis, keyakinan belajar-mengajar matematika serta hubungan keduanya pada calon guru matematika sekolah dasar. Kami menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan survei, yang dilakukan kepada 71 orang mahasiswa calon guru sekolah dasar. Hasil penelitian dipaparkan menjadi dua bagian. Hasil pada bagian pertama yaitu deskripsi keyakinan epistemologis akan matematika dan keyakinan akan belajar- mengajar matematika dari calon guru sekolah dasar, menunjukkan bahwa calon guru sekolah dasar lebih cenderung menyakinan matematika adalah pengetahuan statis. Hasil bagian kedua yaitu analisis korelasi antar keyakinan epistemologis akan matematika dengan keyakinan akan belajar-mengajar matematika, menunjukkan bahwa calon guru sekolah dasar cenderung memegang kedua keyakinan epistemologi statis dan dinamis akan matematika. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi praktis dalam pendidikan, khususnya pendidikan guru sekolah dasar. Temuan ini mengimplikasikan bahwa untuk mengubah praktik belajar-mengajar matematika, harus dimulai dengan menguji ataupun mengubah keyakinan calon guru sekolah dasar mengenai epistemologi matematika.
Time and Temperature Dependence of Copper Protrusion in Metallized Through-Glass Vias (TGVs) Fabricated in Fused Silica Substrate

In this work the influence of annealing dwell time and temperature, as well as post-annealing thermal processing treatment on copper (Cu) protrusion in Cu through-glass vias (TGVs) were studied. The Cu TGVs were made in Corning HPFS Fused Silica substrate, with a diameter and depth of $50~\mu \text{m}$ and $300~\mu \text{m}$ , respectively. For a constant annealing temperature of 400 °C, the results show a dependence of Cu protrusion with annealing dwell time, which saturates at about 240 min. Additional post-annealing thermal processing treatment, done at 400 °C (60 min dwell time) revealed that when an annealing dwell time ≥ 120 min is used no difference in the amount of Cu protrusion was found between the annealing step and the post-annealing thermal processing step. This indicates that downstream Cu protrusion can be eliminated when an annealing dwell time ≥ 120 min is used. On the other hand, from the temperature – dependent study of the annealing treatment, it was found that downstream Cu protrusion occurrence can be eliminated by performing annealing treatment at 450 °C (60 min dwell time), followed by post-annealing thermal processing treatment of 400 °C (60 min dwell time). Therefore, downstream Cu protrusion from a thermal processing treatment of 400 °C with 60 min dwell time can be eliminated either by using a longer annealing dwell time (120 min) at 400 °C or by increasing the annealing temperature to 450 °C, with a shorter dwell time of 60 min.
Rearfoot, Midfoot, and Forefoot Motion in Naturally Forefoot and Rearfoot Strike Runners during Treadmill Running

Different location and incidence of lower extremity injuries have been reported in rearfoot strike (RFS) and forefoot strike (FFS) recreational runners. These might be related to functional differences between the two footstrike patterns affecting foot kinematics and thus the incidence of running injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the kinematic patterns of foot joints between naturally RFS and FFS runners. A validated multi-segment foot model was used to measure 24 foot kinematic variables in long-distance recreational runners while running on a treadmill. These variables included the three-dimensional relative motion between rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot segments. The footstrike pattern was identified using kinematic data and slow-motion videos. Functional analysis of variance was used to compare the time series of these variables between RFS (n = 49) and FFS (n = 25) runners. In FFS runners, the metatarsal bones were less tilted with respect to the ground, and the metatarsus was less adducted with respect to the calcaneus during stance. In early stance, the calcaneus was more dorsiflexed with respect to the shank and returned to a more plantarflexed position at push-off. FFS runners showed a more adducted calcaneus with respect to the shank and a less inverted midfoot to the calcaneus. The present study has showed that the footstrike angle characterizes foot kinematics in running. These data may help shed more light on the relationship between foot function and running-related injuries.
Concussion in collegiate athletics: A link to academic achievement

Context After concussion, many different symptoms can occur and persist that can affect daily functioning. Many of these symptoms could have implications in an athlete’s ability to return to academics. Unlike return to play, return to academics is less studied and less regulated. There is little research examining the effects of concussion on grade point average (GPA) and results have been inconsistent. Objective To examine the effects of concussion on college GPA. Design Retrospective observational study Setting University laboratory Participants Division I athletes after their first concussion (n = 26) and Division I athletes without a history of concussion (n = 30). Main Outcome Measures GPA and demographic information was obtained for the semester before injury, the semester of injury, and the semester after injury. Results Statistical analysis using generalized linear mixed model analysis revealed a significant interaction (p < 0.05) of group (concussion vs. control) by time, with the concussed group having a significant decrease in GPA from semester before injury to semester of injury, and a significant main effect for sex (p < 0.05) with females having higher GPAs than males. Conclusions Since the cognitive demands of academics can potentially exacerbate symptomology of concussion, the identification of students at risk for difficulties is critical.
Yield, nutrient, and soil sulfur response to ammonium sulfate fertilization of soybean cultivars

Abstract With the reduction of sulfur levels in high‐analysis nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers and in atmospheric deposition, sulfur (S) fertilization may become more important, especially with intensive cropping systems. When high clay content is likely to limit root development into the subsoil, low extractable sulfate‐sulfur (SO4‐S) levels in the topsoil may suggest possible plant response to S fertilization. Even though ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] is widely used and readily available for plant uptake, field data are limited on the use of (NH4)2SO4 as an S source for soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ]. A study was initiated to determine the effect of S fertilization as (NH4)2SO4 on: (i) the yield, seed weight, grain quality, and leaf and whole‐plant nutrient concentrations of four soybean cultivars grown on soils with high clay content subsoils; and (ii) selected soil chemical characteristics. Sulfur rates were 0, 28, 56, and 84 kg/ha, and soybean cultivars were two Maturity Group IV beans, .