Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between attention deficit hyperactive disorders with life satisfaction among medical students in city of Hail, KSA

BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) begins in childhood, and its symptoms persist into adulthood. Students with ADHD symptoms will be at increased risk of antisocial behavior, depression, and loss of inhibition. This study determines the relationship between ADHD and life satisfaction level among medical students in the city of Hail, KSA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in a public-sector medical college. A total of 200 students were recruited through stratified cluster sampling. Validated, structured scales of ADHD and life satisfaction were used, and known psychiatric disorders among students were excluded from the study. Correlation and linear regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between ADHD and life satisfaction and identify the determinants of ADHD. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULT: The prevalence rate of ADHD among medical students was 33.3%. Female gender, third-year academic year student, and 21–26-year-old age group were the high-risk groups of ADHD. Inattention (r = -0.263, P value -0.000) and hyperactivity (r = -0.260, P value 0.000) were significantly correlated with life satisfaction level, with 92% of the variability in life satisfaction determined by inattention and hyperactivity. CONCLUSION: The burden of ADHD is high among medical students, and it negatively correlates with life satisfaction level. Students' academic and social functioning was affected due to ADHD. There is a need to address this issue with early diagnosis and management of this disorder.
Organic geochemistry, petrology and palynofacies of Middle Devonian lacustrine flagstones in the Orcadian Basin, Scotland: depositional environment, thermal history and petroleum generation potential

Abstract During Middle Devonian time a thick succession of organic-rich, mainly lacustrine flagstones developed within the Orcadian Basin. These petroleum source rocks crop out in northern Scotland. Nineteen samples were studied using organic petrology, palynology and organic geochemistry in order to characterize kerogen type, depositional environment, thermal maturity and petroleum generation potential. Corg, carbonate and sulphur content as well as hydrogen index (HI) values are quite variable (e.g. HI from 79 to 744 mg HC/g Corg). Based on biomarker data, organic material mainly originates from aquatic organic matter deposited under lacustrine conditions with oxygen-depleted, but not permanently anoxic, bottom waters. Petrography reveals small quantities of vitrinite particles, indicating minor input of terrestrial material. This is supported by biomarker data and the palynofacies, which is characterized by a high amount of oil-prone amorphous organic matter (AOM) and generally few miospores. Maturity of the succession studied in Caithness and Orkney is between immature and oil mature. One-dimensional basin modelling shows that a significant remaining hydrocarbon generation potential exists within the Middle Devonian succession. In contrast to the low hydrocarbon generation in the onshore area, offshore oil generation was significant, especially after deposition of thick Upper Jurassic – Upper Cretaceous sediments. At the end of Cretaceous time, hydrocarbon generation ceased due to uplift. The contribution to known oil fields from the Devonian flagstones is a realistic scenario, including a contribution to the Beatrice oil field in the south of the modelled area.
Impacts, Potential Benefits and Eradication Feasibility of Aquatic Alien Species in an Integral Natural State Reserve

Simple Summary Biodiversity is facing increasing threats and loss worldwide because of anthropogenic pressures. Natural reserves act as protected reservoirs for local biodiversity, and the management of alien species in these areas represents one of the main challenges for conservation biologists and environmental managers. We applied the Invasive Species Effects Assessment Tool (INSEAT) to quantify their impact and potential benefits on ecosystem services and the results indicated that all the assessed species had more negative impacts than benefits on the ecosystem services. Moreover, for each species, we evaluated the feasibility of the main eradication techniques currently proposed in the literature using the non-native risk management scheme (NNRM), with the final aim of suggesting effective actions for the management of aquatic invasive species in this kind of environment. As globalization is leading to the ever-growing spread of alien species worldwide, we stress the urgency of implementing risk assessment and management tools, particularly in protected areas, to highlight the multiple (sometimes unexpected) consequences of alien species introduction, that in turn will help address management decisions for effective conservation actions. Abstract Riverine wetlands are stepping-stone environments for the protection of local biodiversity, but they are particularly vulnerable to biological invasions. In order to take action against biological invasions, it is crucial to assess the impacts of alien species. However, it is also important to assess the potential benefits on ecosystem services that alien species could have. Once it has been verified that negative impacts are higher than potential benefits, it is important to propose feasible actions to contrast them. In this study, we assessed eight freshwater alien species recorded in an integral protected wetland using the Invasive Species Effects Assessment Tool (INSEAT) to quantify their negative impacts and potential benefits on ecosystem services. Moreover, for each species, we evaluated the feasibility of the main eradication techniques currently proposed in the literature using the Non-Native Risk Management scheme (NNRM), with the final aim of suggesting effective actions for their management. The INSEAT results indicated that all the assessed species had more impacts than benefits while NNRM provided useful indications on the best practical conservation actions to use for reducing the density, and therefore, the negative impacts on ecosystem services and the local biodiversity of the assessed alien species.
Comparative and Predictive Analysis of Clinical and Metabolic Features of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

Background: Eating disorders have become increasingly prevalent over the years; the age at which they appear has decreased, and they can lead to serious illness or death. Therefore, the number of studies on the matter has increased. Eating disorders like anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are affected by many factors including mental illnesses that can have serious physical and psychological consequences. Accordingly, the present study aimed to compare the clinical and metabolic features of patients with AN and BN and identify potential biomarkers for distinguishing between the two disorders. Methods: Clinical data of 41 participants who sought treatment for eating disorders between 2012 and 2022, including 29 AN patients and 12 BN patients, were obtained from NPIstanbul Brain Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. The study included the clinical variables of both outpatient and inpatient treatments. Principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to gain insights into differentiating AN and BN patients based on clinical characteristics, while machine learning techniques were applied to identify eating disorders. Findings: The study found that thyroid hormone levels in patients with AN and BN were influenced by non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS), which could be attributed to various factors, including psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, and medication use. Lipid profile comparisons revealed higher triglyceride levels in the BN group (P<0.05), indicating increased triglyceride synthesis and storage as an energy source. Liver function tests showed lower levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in BN patients (P<0.05), while higher prolactin levels (P<0.05) suggested an altered hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Imbalances in minerals such as calcium and magnesium (P<0.05) were observed in individuals with eating disorders. PCA effectively differentiated AN and BN patients based on clinical features, and the Naïve Bayes (NB) model showed promising results in identifying eating disorders. Conclusion: The findings of the study provide important insights into AN and BN patients’ clinical features and may help guide future research and treatment strategies for these conditions.
An Experimental Study on Random Projection Based Biometric Security

The safeguarding of biometric data is a crucial aspect of biometric authentication systems, and biometric template protection serves as a means to ensure the confidentiality of such information. In recent times, the utilization of random projection has surfaced as a viable technique for safeguarding biometric templates. This article delves deeper into the security of random projection-based techniques utilized for safeguarding biometric templates. The demonstration showcases that the security of biometric systems is compromised by non-invertibility attacks, as the protected template can be utilized by an attacker to accurately replicate the initial biometric template. A viable approach for executing non-invertibility attacks on systems, based on random projection is additionally furnished by us. The study conducted an experiment on two publicly accessible biometric datasets to demonstrate the vulnerability of random projection-based biometric template security methods. The proposed assault was utilized to recreate the original templates, highlighting the ease with which this could be accomplished. The results of our study emphasize the necessity for innovative methods in safeguarding biometric templates that are impervious to inversion.
Exploring Knowledge of Gene-Based Nutrition Services Among Indonesian Nutritionists

Latar Belakang: Setiap individu memiliki jenis gen yang berbeda dan berpengaruh terhadap perbedaan risiko penyakit dan respon individu terhadap diet. Perkembangan ilmu nutritional genomics berakibat pada diketahuinya kerentanan penyakit dan dapat dicegah melalui pelayanan gizi berbasis gen. Pengetahuan pelayanan gizi berbasis gen penting bagi ahli gizi karena dapat memberikan informasi terkait gen dan diet. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan ahli gizi tentang pelayanan gizi berbasis gen di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi yang dilakukan di DKI Jakarta, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, dan DI Yogyakarta. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan jumlah subjek sebanyak tujuh Ahli Gizi. Pengambilan data melalui wawancara mendalam secara offline dan online menggunakan Zoom Meeting. Hasil wawancara direkam dan dianalisis dengan teknik analisis tematik menggunakan software Nvivo 12.0. Hasil: Pengetahuan ahli gizi tentang ilmu nutritional genomics masih kurang. Ahli gizi bisa menjelaskan konsep dasar akan tetapi tidak mengetahui pengetahuan ini secara mendalam. Pengetahuan ahli gizi tentang pelayanan gizi berbasis gen juga masih terbatas, sehingga mereka masih meragukan peran mereka dalam pelayanan ini. Sedangkan pandangan ahli gizi terhadap pelayanan gizi berbasis gen umumnya positif dan menganggap pelayanan ini penting dan berharap instansi mereka bekerja dapat menyediakannya. Ahli gizi tertarik untuk memberikan pelayanan gizi berbasis gen dan bersemangat untuk belajar lebih lanjut mengenai ilmu nutritional genomics. Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan ahli gizi tentang pelayanan gizi berbasis gen masih kurang. Harapannya ahli gizi mendapat pelatihan, seminar, dan pemerataan pendidikan tentang ilmu nutritional genomics di perguruan tinggi untuk memenuhi kompetensi ahli gizi di masa depan.
Robust Feature Representation Using Multi-Task Learning for Human Activity Recognition

Learning underlying patterns from sensory data is crucial in the Human Activity Recognition (HAR) task to avoid poor generalization when coping with unseen data. A key solution to such an issue is representation learning, which becomes essential when input signals contain activities with similar patterns or when patterns generated by different subjects for the same activity vary. To address these issues, we seek a solution to increase generalization by learning the underlying factors of each sensor signal. We develop a novel multi-channel asymmetric auto-encoder to recreate input signals precisely and extract indicative unsupervised futures. Further, we investigate the role of various activation functions in signal reconstruction to ensure the model preserves the patterns of each activity in the output. Our main contribution is that we propose a multi-task learning model to enhance representation learning through shared layers between signal reconstruction and the HAR task to improve the robustness of the model in coping with users not included in the training phase. The proposed model learns shared features between different tasks that are indeed the underlying factors of each input signal. We validate our multi-task learning model using several publicly available HAR datasets, UCI-HAR, MHealth, PAMAP2, and USC-HAD, and an in-house alpine skiing dataset collected in the wild, where our model achieved 99%, 99%, 95%, 88%, and 92% accuracy. Our proposed method shows consistent performance and good generalization on all the datasets compared to the state of the art.
Fertilizer use efficiency impact on GHG emissions in the Latvian crop sector.

Within increasing production activity Latvian agricultural sector has become one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in Latvia. In 2013, agricultural sector contributed 21.0% of the total GHG emissions originated in Latvia (2310.1 Gg CO eq). Analysis of agricultural GHG emissions by sources shows that direct N2O emissions from agricultural soils through the usage of synthetic fertilizers are one of the most significant GHG source in Latvia. The usage of synthetic fertilizers is one of the most common widespread agricultural practices in Latvian cropping systems and according to statistical data usage of synthetic fertilizers is constantly increasing, for example, in 2013 it increased by 6.9% if compared with 2012. Taking into account that over-fertilization can lead to negative economic and environmental consequences, such as high production costs, depletion of energy resources, and increased GHG emissions, this research aims to estimate how effective usage of synthetic fertilizers are in Latvian crop farms. In order to achieve the set aim an N fertilizer usage were estimated in four crop farms by giving insight into N balance and N use efficiency (NUE) rate in these farms. Research results suggest that improved N efficiency can be selected as GHG mitigation measure as it reduces N surpluses and the use and production of mineral fertiliser while maintaining yield levels. It was also concluded that improved N efficiency reduces direct N O emissions from fertilized soils and indirect N O emissions that occur by the release of NH .
The Interactive-GIS-Tutor (IGIST): an option for GIS teaching in resource-poor South African schools

Abstract This paper reports findings from a study that examined geographic information system (GIS) knowledge development after the introduction of an Interactive-GIS-Tutor (IGIST) as a multimedia teaching tool. Although GIS has been included in the curriculum over the past decade, the majority of teachers continue to lack formal GIS training, resources, and support. As a potential solution to this problem, the IGIST offers teachers the option of using either a computer connected to a digital projector or a computer laboratory within the same application. Nine classes of grade 11 geography learners (n = 215) were selected and separated into three groups: a projector group (IP), a computer group (IC) and a textbook group (C), which also acted as the control group. After the IGIST intervention, the IP group revealed a statistically significant effect with regard to knowledge development, whereas the IC group demonstrated a significant practical effect. Participant interviews confirmed that the use of IGIST in combination with a digital projector, or within a computer laboratory, is a workable GIS teaching and learning option. Future IGIST development recommendations include providing multi-language options and more video clips with exploratory activities in Quantum GIS. This work provides a foundation upon which to expand dialogue among GIS developers, academia, teachers and the Department of Basic Education on the development of workable GIS teaching options.
TNM Staging System in Thymoma: A Critical Appraisal?

Thymomas are rare tumors of the anterior mediastinum with peculiar clinical and pathological features. They have been deeply analyzed by pioneer authors, who strictly linked their name to the main pathological and staging classifications. Before the latest edition of the WHO classification of thymic epithelial tumors, the history of thymoma pathological classification inherited the name of the pathologists who systematically addressed the issue, from Levine-Rosai to Muller-Hermelink. Similarly, the thymoma staging system is intimately related to the name of two surgeons, Masaoka and Koga, who historically dealt with this disease. More recently, the traditional tumor-nodes-metastasis (TNM) system has been developed for the staging of this condition, in a rational attempt to put thymomas in conformity with the other solid tumors. The efforts of the International Thymic Malignancies Interest Group (ITMIG) and the Thymic Domain of the Staging and Prognostic Factors Committee (TD-SPFC) of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) resulted in the TNM classification of thymic tumors, which have been included in the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer’s (AJCC) Cancer Staging Manual. Herein, we report a narrative review of the evolution of the thymic epithelial tumors (TET) staging system and present a critical appraisal of the actual TNM classification compared with the historical Masaoka-Koga classification, with special focus on the proposal for the ninth edition of the TNM, expected in 2024.
Effect of slope position on soil particle-size distribution in young glacial landscape (Łyna River valley, NE Poland)

Abstract The aim of this paper was to characterize soil particle-size distribution (PSD) of in the middle part of young glacial Łyna River valley in relation to parent materials, soil forming processes and slope position. The study comprised rusty soils, arenosols, clay-illuvial soils, colluvial and alluvial soils located in four slope position: summit / midslope, footslope / toeslope, upper and lower part of floodplain. In order to describe the sedimentological environment and possible heterogenity of the soil formations, sedimentological and granulometric indices were calculated. The relationships between soil fractions in A horizons and environmental variables (slope position and depth of A horizon) were determined using principal component analysis (PCA). The studied soils were poorly sorted with various values of skewness of granulometric distribution (symmetrical, fine and very fine skewed) and kurtosis (mainly very leptokurtic). The value of mean grain diameter was decreasing with slope position which may suggest high dynamics and energy of sedimentological environment in the middle part of Łyna River valley. The analysis of granulometric indices revealed that colluvial deposits were the most homogenous and alluvial formations were the most heterogenous. The results of the statistical analysis showed a positive correlation of the amounts of clay and silt fractions with depth of A horizons. The factor responsible for variability of these fractions was the position on the slope. The A horizons in soils located at the summit and footslope had the highest amounts of sand fractions. While significant increase in the share of finer fractions in soils located in the floodplain was noted.
Outcomes of transforaminal epidural injection of amniotic membrane/umbilical cord particulate for lumbar radiculopathy: a case series

Background Radiculopathy can be a debilitating condition. Amniotic membrane/umbilical cord (AM/UC) particulate is a relatively new injectable treatment modality. Herein we report the outcomes of epidural injection of AM/UC particulate in managing lumbar radiculopathy. Methods Consecutive patients with lumbar radiculopathy who received epidural injection of AM/UC particulate for lumbar radiculopathy were included. Primary outcome was change in pain as measured by the 11-point numerical rating scale. Safety was assessed by AM/UC- and procedure-related complications. Paired t-tests were used to determine statistical significance. Results A total of 12 patients with a mean age of 56.7 ± 21.0 years were included in the analysis. The patients were previously treated with physical therapy (91.7%), chiropractic corrective measures (16.7%), epidural steroid injection (83.3%), and radiofrequency ablation (8.3%). Two patients (16.7%) were taking opioids for chronic pain syndrome. After AM/UC injection, the average pain score decreased from 6.6 ± 1.5 to 5.2 ± 1.9 at 1–3 months, 2.0 ± 1.4 at 6 months, and 2.9 ± 1.4 at last mean follow-up of 21.3 ± 11.1 months (p < 0.001). No patients required subsequent treatment or surgery. There were also no complications. Conclusion This case series supports the preliminary safety and shows potential benefit of epidural AM/UC particulate injection in this cohort of patients with lumbar radiculopathy pain.
A Five-Week Periodized Carbohydrate Diet Does Not Improve Maximal Lactate Steady-State Exercise Capacity and Substrate Oxidation in Well-Trained Cyclists compared to a High-Carbohydrate Diet

There is a growing interest in studies involving carbohydrate (CHO) manipulation and subsequent adaptations to endurance training. This study aimed to analyze whether a periodized carbohydrate feeding strategy based on a daily training session has any advantages compared to a high-carbohydrate diet in well-trained cyclists. Seventeen trained cyclists (VO2peak = 70.8 ± 6.5 mL·kg−1·min−1) were divided into two groups, a periodized (PCHO) group and a high-carbohydrate (HCHO) group. Both groups performed the same training sessions for five weeks. In the PCHO group, 13 training sessions were performed with low carbohydrate availability. In the HCHO group, all sessions were completed following previous carbohydrate intake to ensure high pre-exercise glycogen levels. In both groups, there was an increase in the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) (PCHO: 244.1 ± 29.9 W to 253.2 ± 28.4 W; p = 0.008; HCHO: 235.8 ± 21.4 W to 246.9 ± 16.7 W; p = 0.012) but not in the time to exhaustion at MLSS intensity. Both groups increased the percentage of muscle mass (PCHO: p = 0.021; HCHO: p = 0.042) and decreased the percent body fat (PCHO: p = 0.021; HCHO: p = 0.012). We found no differences in carbohydrate or lipid oxidation, heart rate, and post-exercise lactate concentration. Periodizing the CHO intake in well-trained cyclists during a 5-week intervention did not elicit superior results to an energy intake-matched high-carbohydrate diet in any of the measured outcomes.