Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Distribution of Person Fit Using True and Estimated Person Parameters

M Molenaar & Hoijtink, 1990; Reise and Due). Results show that 11 may not perform as expected when estimated person parameters (6) are used rather than true 0. This study also examined the influence of the pseudo-guessing parameter, the method used to identify nonfitting response vectors, and the method used to estimate 0. When 0 was better estimated, 1, was more normally distributed, and , the false positive rate for a single cut score did not char. acterize the distribution of lz. Changing the c parameter from . 20 to 0.0 did not improve the normality of the 1. distribution. Index terms: appropriateness measurement, Bayesian estimation, item response theory, maximum likelihood estimation, person fit.
Variational retrieval of humidity profile, wind speed and cloud liquid‐water path with the SSM/I: Potential for numerical weather prediction

Several regression algorithms have been proposed to retrieve geophysical parameters from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) radiances. Their performances are generally limited by a simplified handling of nonlinearities and/or by the poor quality of the a priori information. In this paper, a variational method is proposed for retrieving the atmospheric humidity profile, the wind speed and the cloud liquid-water path from SSM/I observations over ocean. This method is based on nonlinear optimal estimation theory. The first guess is derived from a European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts forecast, and the forecast-error covariance is used as a constraint. The geophysical variable space is mapped into the radiance space through a radiative-transfer model which permits an accurate representation of nonlinearities. This method has been applied to several orbits and the results for one of them are presented and discussed. It is argued that the variational approach is a simple optimal way of extracting information from SSM/I radiances, exploiting the high quality a priori information available from a numerical weather-prediction model. The retrieved humidity profiles are found to compare well with the total precipitable water estimated from a regression algorithm, while avoiding local bias in very dry and very wet conditions. It is also shown that the potential wind speed-cloud ambiguity is removed through the use of a high-quality wind speed first guess.
Compact representation of radiation patterns using vector spherical mode expansions

A vector spherical mode expansion (VSME) method, extended from the scalar spherical mode expansion (SSME), is presented to study the radiation properties of an arbitrarily shaped antenna structure. The important difference between VSME and SSME is their expansion coefficients, which have essentially different properties. Numerical results show that VSME coefficients converge rapidly, while still yielding accurate data with a minimum number of modes. <<ETX>>
Operators with left inverses similar to their adjoints

The primary object of this paper is to show that if T is a left invertible operator with a left inverse T1 and if there exists an operator S such that T* =S-'TS and 0 0 cl(W(S)), then T is similar to an isometry. An operator T (a bounded linear transformation) on a Hilbert space H is called an isometry if T*T=I, that is, if there exists a left inverse T1 of T such that T* = T1. A unitary operator is called cramped if and only if its spectrum is contained in an arc of the unit circle with central angle less than T a(T), 0oo(T), a1(T), cl(W(T)) and r(T) will denote the spectrum, the set of isolated points of a(T) that are eigenvalues of finite multiplicity, the left essential spectrum, the closure of the numerical range, and the spectral radius of T, respectively. Before stating results we remark that these results are similar to those obtained by Williams [4]. In [3] U. N. Singh and Kanta Mangla proved that if T is an invertible operator and if there exist an operator S such that T*=S-IT-'S and O 0 cl(W(S)), then T is similar to a unitary operator. This leads to the following generalization. THEOREM 1. If T is a left invertible operator with a left inverse T1 and if there exists an operator S such that T*=S-'T1S and 0 cl(W(S)) then T is similar to an isometry. PROOF. Since 0 0 cl(W(S)), 0 can be separated from cl(W(S)) by a half plane. If necessary, we may replace S by Se"O for suitable 0, so that this half plane lies strictly on the right of the imaginary axis. Let A = (S+S*/2); then A is positive and invertible. Let A1l2 denote the positive square root of A. Then A1/2 is invertible. Now T1AT* = J(T1ST* + T1S*T*) = i(ST*T* + T1TS*) = i(S + S*) = A. Received by the editors July 17, 1972 and, in revised form, October 11, 1972 and February 9, 1973. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 47A 10, 47B 10.
Optimum smoothing parameter selection for penalized least squares in form of linear mixed effect models

In this article, we discuss the penalized least squares problem which has many advantageous computational properties. This method based on penalized spline (P-spline) smoothing can be formulated to fit into a linear mixed effects model framework. The most important issue in the implementation of this method is to specify the amount of smoothing. In an attempt to address the strategy of optimum amount of smoothing, this article provides a comparative study for different methods (or criteria) of choosing the optimum smoothing parameter: an improved version of the Akaike information criterion (AICc); generalized cross-validation (GCV); cross-validation (CV); Mallows’ C p criterion; risk estimation using classical pilots (RECP) and restricted maximum likelihood (REML). In order to explore and compare the performance of these methods, a simulation study is performed for data sets with different sample sizes. As a result of simulation, the appropriate selection criteria are provided for a suitable smoothing parameter selection.
Performance analysis of locally recurrent neural networks

Many practical applications of neural networks require the identification of non‐linear deterministic systems or chaotic systems. In these cases the use of a network architecture known as locally recurrent neural network (LRNN) is often preferable in place of standard feedforward multi‐layer perceptron (MLP) networks, or of globally recurrent neural network. In this paper locally recurrent networks are used to simulate the behaviour of the Chua’s circuit that can be considered a paradigm for studying chaos. It is shown that such networks are able to identify the underlying link among the state variables of the Chua’s circuit. Moreover, they are able to behave like an autonomous Chua’s double scroll, showing a chaotic behaviour of the state variables obtainable through a suitable circuit elements choice.
ON THE MORDELL-WEIL AND SHAFAREVICH-TATE GROUPS FOR WEIL ELLIPTIC CURVES

Let? be a? Weil elliptic curve over the field? of rational numbers, the -function over? , , where? is the order of the zero of at . Let? be the imaginary quadratic extension of with discriminant , the Heegner point, or the nontrivial form of? over? according as or? It is proved that if? has infinite order (which is so if , , then the groups and are annihilated by a? positive integer? (in particular the groups are finite) determined by? When it is proved that coincides with the conjectured finite order of for some? with . It is also proved that is trivial for? 23 elliptic curves. Bibliography: 21 titles.
Ti/Ti‐N Hf/Hf‐N and W/W‐N multilayer films with high mechanical hardness

Ti/Ti‐N, Hf/Hf‐N, and W/W‐N multilayer films with very thin individual metal and metal‐nitride layers were developed, with hardness of the structure much higher than that of single‐layer nitride films. Hardnesses with value between 3500 and 5000 kg/mm2 or higher were observed in the multilayer films. This is an improvement over that of single‐layer metal‐nitride films where hardnesses between 2200 and 2800 kg/mm2 are typically achieved. The improvement is thought to be due to the fact that the grains are restricted to a very small size in the thin individual layers of the sandwich structure. The multilayer films, in general, have better adhesion and less defects than the single‐layer films. These films were prepared on room‐temperature substrates by a simple sputtering process and have potential applications, as in hard coatings.
Bibliometric Analysis of Index Translationum

A l'aide de statistiques produites a partir des donnees de l'Index Translationum, on brosse un tableau general du volume, de la dynamique et de la structure de la traduction dans le monde. Sont analyses, entre autres, l'importance de l'activite traductionnelle, les principales langues traduites, les themes et les auteurs les plus traduits.
A feasibility study of carotid elastography for risk assessment of atherosclerotic plaques validated by magnetic resonance imaging

Stroke is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. One of its main reasons is rupture of carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Conventional B-mode ultrasound images and Doppler/color flow measurements are mostly used to evaluate degree of stenosis, which underestimates plaque vulnerability. Alternatively, the correspondence between multi-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features, plaque composition and histology has been well established. In this study, the feasibility of ultrasound carotid elastography in risk assessment of carotid atherosclerotic plaques is investigated. Preliminarily in-vivo results on a small number of human subjects are initially validated by multi-contrast, highresolution MRI, and it shows that maximum strain rate might be feasible to evaluate the plaque vulnerability.
Radio and optical observations of the jets from L1555 IRS 5

New high-sensitivity radio continuum and optical observations of jets associated with the recently formed star IRS 5 are presented. The observations suggest that IRS 5 is the source of a collimated high-velocity outflow of partially ionized gas that produces the observed bipolar molecular outflow in L1551. The emission from the jets can be traced for over 10 arcsec from IRS 5; the jets are aligned with the axis of the molecular bipolar outflow observed by Snell, Loren, and Plambeck (1981). The integrated radio spectrum of the jets is flat, indicating emission by an optically thin plasma. The total mass of ionized gas is estimated to be 0.4-8 x 10 to the -6th solar mass. The absence of optical emission from the northeast jet is best explained by the presence of a dense disk of gas that lies perpendicular to the outflow axis which obscures the northeast jet and may also be responsible for collimating the outflow into two initially opposed jets.
Solitons in a relativistic plasma with negative ions

The interaction of the nonlinearity and the dispersiveness causing the solitary waves is studied in a relativistic plasma with negative ions through the derivation of a nonlinear partial-differential equation known as the Korteweg-de Vries equation. The negative ions play a salient part in the existence and behavior of the solitons and could be of interest in laboratory plasmas. First, the observations are made in a nonisothermal plasma, and later the reduction to the nonisothermality of the plasma shows entirely different characteristics as compared to the solitons in the isothermal plasmas. Comparison with the various solitons is emphasized. >
Shadow Optical Analysis Of Dynamic Shear Fracture

An experimental technique is presented for subjecting cracks to high rates of shear (mode-II) loading. The dynamic crack tip loading conditions are investigated for both the phase of loading and the subsequent phase of failure by means of the shadow optical method of caustics. Results that show the failure behavior observed at different rates of loading are reported.
Radar Anomalous Propagation Associated with Foehn Winds Induced by Typhoon Krosa (2007)

AbstractIn this study, unusual radar anomalous propagation (AP) phenomena associated with foehn winds induced by Typhoon Krosa (2007) were documented by using observations from radar, surface stations, and soundings. The AP echoes embedded within rainband areas and exhibited inward motions toward the radar site within 2–3 h prior to the occurrences of foehn winds at the radar site, which would interfere with the interpretation of radar data and associated downstream applications. As Typhoon Krosa appeared in the vicinity of the northeastern coast of Taiwan, foehn winds with significant subsidence warming and drying generated by downslope winds were observed in southeastern Taiwan. The foehn winds continuously moved northward within confined areas from the southeastern to eastern–central parts of Taiwan. Before the foehn winds penetrated to the surface, the subsidence warming introduced a temperature inversion layer above the surface and caused the ducting of radar beams. Analyses of refractive index and r.
Instability analysis of resonant standing waves in a parametrically excited boxed basin

Two-mode parametric excited interfacial waves of incompressible immiscible liquids in an infinite boxed basin subjected to a vertical excitation are studied. The method of multiple time scales is used to obtain uniform solutions of the second-order system as well as the third-order one, which in turn leads to the solvability conditions of the two orders including the cubic interaction terms. The different cases of resonance that arise among the natural frequencies together with the frequency of the vertical vibration of the box are demonstrated theoretically and numerical computations of one of these cases (the two-to-one internal resonance and the principal parametric resonance) have been performed in detail in order to investigate the behavior of the resonant waves, especially the qualitative one. The autonomous system of four first-order differential equations for the modulation of the amplitudes and phases of the resonant waves is derived. Some numerical applications are achieved to show the stability criteria of the excited liquids inside the considered basin.
Bjerknes forces on bubbles in a stationary sound field

This paper concerns the translational forces exerted on pulsating air bubbles in a stationary sound field. These forces, normally called Bjerknes forces, are derived by simple arguments and classified as to their origin. Measurements have been made of the relative velocity of appoach of two bubbles undergoing a mutual Bjerknes force. The measurements were made in a rigid glass container oscillated in a vertical direction at 60 Hz by a shaker table. The ambient pressure above the liquid was reduced in order to obtain large pulsations, and the attracting bubbles were photographed with a movie camera. Oberved and calculated values for the velocity of approach are in agreement provided a drag law assuming interfacial slippage is used.Subject Classification: 25.60.
Dynamics of axisymmetric bodies rising along a zigzag path

The forces and torques governing the planar zigzag motion of thick, slightly buoyant disks rising freely in a liquid at rest are determined by applying the generalized Kirchhoff equations to experimental measurements of the body motion performed for a single body-to-fluid density ratio ρs/ρf ≈ 1. The evolution of the amplitude and phase of the various contributions is discussed as a function of the two control parameters, i.e. the body aspect ratio (the diameter-to-thickness ratio χ = d/h ranges from 2 to 10) and the Reynolds number (100 < Re < 330), Re being based on the rise velocity and diameter of the body. The body oscillatory behaviour is found to be governed by the force balance along the transverse direction and the torque balance. In the transverse direction, the wake-induced force is mainly balanced by two forces that depend on the body inclination, i.e. the inertia force generated by the body rotation and the transverse component of the buoyancy force. The torque balance is dominated by the wake-induced torque and the restoring added-mass torque generated by the transverse velocity component. The results show a major influence of the aspect ratio on the relative magnitude and phase of the various contributions to the hydrodynamic loads. The vortical transverse force scales as fo = (ρf − ρs)ghπd2 whereas the vortical torque involves two contributions, one scaling as fod and the other as f1d with f1 = χfo. Using this normalization, the amplitudes and phases of the vortical loads are made independent of the aspect ratio, the amplitudes evolving as (Re/Rec1 − 1)1/2, where Rec1 is the threshold of the first instability of the wake behind the corresponding body held fixed in a uniform stream.
Electrokinetic instabilities in thin microchannels

An important class of electrokinetic, microfluidic devices aims to pump and control electrolyte working liquids that have spatial gradients in conductivity. These high-gradient flows can become unstable under the application of a sufficiently strong electric field. In many of these designs, flow channels are thin in the direction orthogonal to the main flow and the conductivity gradient. Viscous stresses due to the presence of these walls introduce a stabilizing force that plays a major role in determining the overall instability. A thin channel model for fluid flow is developed and shown to provide good agreement with a complete three-dimensional model for channel aspect ratios ≲0.1.
Mixtures of Magnetic Nanoparticles and the Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal: New Soft Magnetoelectrics

A mixture of maghemite ferromagnetic nanoparticles and the ferroelectric liquid crystal Felix 015/100 was experimentally analysed in the vicinity of the ferroelectric smectic C* (SmC*) phase. In order to verify the existence of magnetoelectricity in prepared soft material, a SQUID-based magnetometer was used. It was shown that the orientation of magnetic nanoparticles is directly coupled to the liquid crystal molecular director field. Such coupling allows possibility of indirect coupling between the nanoparticle magnetization and liquid crystal polarization. This makes such mixtures potential for new soft magnetoelectrics.
HIGH-INCLINATION ATENS ARE INDEED RARE

A recent publication by the Near-Earth Object (NEOWISE) team (Mainzer et al.) using data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer compared the spacecraft's detected near-Earth asteroid subpopulation orbital element distributions to those expected from the Bottke et al. NEO orbital model. They found a discrepency between the detected and expected Aten inclination distribution. We show that the more recent NEO orbital distribution model by Greenstreet et al., when biased using the NEOWISE detection biases, gives a better match to the NEOWISE detections for the Aten (a < 1.0 AU, Q > 0.983 AU) population in semimajor axis (a), eccentricity (e), and inclination (i) than the Bottke et al. model. A Kolmogorov–Smirnov test gives the probability of drawing the NEOWISE detections from the biased Bottke et al. model as not rejectable (at >99% confidence) for the Aten semimajor axis distribution, but is rejectable at such a high level of confidence for the Aten eccentricity and inclination distributions. For all three orbital element distributions, the biased Greenstreet et al. model provides an acceptable match to the NEOWISE Aten detections. The deficiency in the previous model is likely due to the numerical integration's accuracy having broken down in the high-speed regime for planetary encounters near the Sun, an effect which the newer model does not suffer, and thus likely is the model of preference for perihelia q < 1.0 AU.
Analytical Expansions for Parabolic Equations

We consider the Cauchy problem associated with a general parabolic partial differential equation in $d$ dimensions. We find a family of closed-form asymptotic approximations for the unique classical solution of this equation as well as rigorous short-time error estimates. Using a boot-strapping technique, we also provide convergence results for arbitrarily large time intervals.
Application of Surface-Adjusted GOES Low-Level Cloud-Drift Winds in the Environment of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones. Part II: Integration into Surface Wind Analyses

Abstract The Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies at the University of Wisconsin—Madison recently (1997 season) began providing real-time Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) low-level cloud-drift winds in the vicinity of tropical cyclones on an experimental basis to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Hurricane Research Division (HRD). The cloud-drift winds are derived from sequential high-resolution GOES visible channel imagery. These data were included in many of HRD's real-time tropical cyclone surface wind objective analyses, which were sent to NOAA's National Hurricane Center and the Central Pacific Hurricane Center on an experimental basis during the 1997–2001 hurricane seasons. These wind analyses were used to support the forecasters' tropical cyclone advisories and warnings. The satellite wind observations provide essential low-level coverage in the periphery of the tropical cyclone circulation where conventional in situ observati.
Non-geometrical waves—are there any? An asymptotic description of some ‘non-geometrical’ phenomena in seismic wave propagation

Summary A review of a number of asymptotic studies of the so called ‘non-geometrical’ phenomena in seismic wave propagation is presented. The results concerning high frequency asymptotics fall into two groups. Some phenomena are described by a slightly modified ray method or by considering higher order approximations. They are the much spoken of S*-waves, the effect of wave tunnelling through a higher velocity layer and the low frequency depolarization of P-, S-, Love and Rayleigh waves described by the first-order asymptotic approximation. Description of phenomena of the other group requires boundary layer techniques. These phenomena are: generation of S-waves by a pressure centre due to velocity and density gradients or due to weak anisotropy as well as depolarization at caustics and in penumbra.
Spectroscopic Studies of DB White Dwarfs: The Instability Strip of the Pulsating DB (V777 Herculis) Stars

We have secured optical spectra for the eight currently known variable DB, or V777 Her, stars. With the help of a new generation of synthetic spectra, spectroscopic effective temperatures are derived for these objects, as well as for 15 other DB or DBA stars above 20,000 K. We find that the location of the boundaries of the instability strip is sensitive to the atmospheric hydrogen abundance assumed for DB stars: the strip covers the range 22,400-27,800 K if atmospheres of pure helium are used and the range 21,800-24,700 K if undetectable traces of hydrogen are allowed for in the DB models. These determinations provide independent constraints for current seismological analyses of the V777 Her stars. More sensitive searches for weak hydrogen features in hot DB stars should help decide between the two temperature scales.
Numerical Analyses of Uniformly Loaded Circular Rafts on Deep Elastic Foundations

Synopsis The Paper considers several methods of determination of reaction distributions and bending moment distributions for uniformly loaded smooth circular rafts ofany flexibility on a deep isotropic elastic foundation material. A method of analysis which makes use of integral transforms and collocation is presented. This method is believed to be the first which combines high accuracy of results with small volume of calculation. Numerical values of bending moment for a variety of cases are presented. Cet expose considere plusieurs medthodes d'etablissement des repartitions des et des repartitions des moments de flexion dans le cas de radiers circulaires lisses a charge uniforme d'une souplesse quelconque sur un mateiau de fondation elastique isotrope tres profond. On presente une methode d'analyse qui utilise des transformations et des repeages par integrales. On pense que cette methode est la premiere dans laquelle se trouvent combines des resultats d'une precision elevee a un petit nombre de calculs.