Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Taphonomy of a Centrosaurus (Ornithischia: Certopsidae) Bone Bed from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Upper Campanian), Alberta, Canada, with Comments on Cranial Ontogeny

Abstract Bone bed 43 is one of at least eight paucispecific Centrosaurus bone beds located in the Dinosaur Park Formation (Upper Campanian) in Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada. It long has been used as a case example for evidence of herding and social behavior in dinosaurs, but a detailed analysis of the site has not been presented until this study. The bone bed is dominated by the disarticulated, mostly fragmentary and slightly abraded remains of Centrosaurus apertus, with minor occurrences of other taxa, notably teeth from the large tyrannosaurid Albertosaurus libratus. Fossils occur in a stacked to amalgamated succession of lag deposits, deposited and reworked at the erosional base of a paleochannel. The most parsomonious scenerio suggests that Centrosaurus material represents part of a large aggregation of animals (possibly numbering in the thousands) that died by drowning on the alluvial plain. Disarticulation occurred at a point upriver from the bone-bed site. Scavenging by theropods, primarily Albertosaurus, at or near the original site of death is suggested by the high number of shed theropod teeth. A subsequent event prior to fossilisation moved the material to its present location removing many juvenile-sized and hydrodynamically light elements from the original death assemblage. Evidence for distinct size classes amongst the preserved elements is not supported by the data, but the size range of elements preserved are representative of living individuals that would have ranged from small juveniles to mature adults. The large data base of specimens from bone bed 43 allows for the illustration of the ontogenetic changes that occurred in the diagnostic cranial elements of Centrosaurus.
Lining impact on water losses in watercourses - a case study in Indus basin, Pakistan

The issue of water losses through irrigation systems has a major impact on surface water supplies and management. Although a number of national and international organizations have attempted to assess the degree of losses from the watercourses, the impact of lining on the same command on the water losses had not been addressed. A study was carried out to assess the differences in water losses through the lined and unlined watercourses in the ricewheat area of Indus Basin of Pakistan. The selected watercourses were located in the command of Ghourdour Distributary. Therefore, it was considered that all of these watercourses would be subjected to same hydro-geologic characteristics of soil for lined or unlined options. It was observed that for the lined watercourses, the irrigation water losses ranged from 35 to 52% and for the unlined these were from 64 to 68%. Comparing the average water loss of 43.5 % Papers presented before CSBE/SCGAB meetings are considered the property of the Society. In general, the Society reserves the right of first publication of such papers, in complete form; however, CSBE/SCGAB has no objections to publication, in condensed form, with credit to the Society and the author, in other publications prior to use in Society publications. Permission to publish a paper in full may be requested from the CSBE/SCGAB Secretary, PO Box 23101, RPO McGillivray, Winnipeg MB R3T 5S3 or contact bioeng@shaw.ca. The Society is not responsible for statements or opinions advanced in papers or discussions at its meetings. from lined to the average water loss of 66% from unlined watercourses, it can be concluded that the lining reduced water loss by 22.5%. It should be emphasized that the studied watercourses were quite old with poor maintenance conditions. Lining was deteriorated badly with frequent cracks in the walls. The excess leakage of water through these watercourses was probably due to cracks, eroded mortar and structural failure of the lined walls. Moreover, the lined watercourses were raised, which accelerated the leakage phenomena. In addition, the capacity of watercourse was reduced due to silting, resulting in overtopping of flows at many locations. Consequently, the lined watercourse could not effectively save the water losses and resulted in higher water loss than the normal.
Dust interannual variability and trend in Central Asia from 2000 to 2014 and their climatic linkages

We present a comprehensive analysis of the interannual variability and trend of dust aerosol in Central Asia (37°–55°N, 50°–80°E) from 2000 to 2014, based on a set of dust emission simulations using the WRF‐Chem‐DuMo modeling system, observations of dust frequency derived from surface station synoptic weather records, and dust optical depth (DOD) derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Sea‐viewing Wide Field‐of‐view Sensor (SeaWiFS) aerosol optical depth (AOD) products. Model simulations reveal that the soil grain size distribution has little impact on the interannual variability of dust fluxes but strongly affects their magnitude. The two physically based dust schemes based on Marticorena and Bergametti (1995) (MB) and Shao et al. (1996) (Shao) produce large differences in the dust flux magnitude and spatiotemporal distributions, largely due to different sensitivities of the threshold friction velocity to vegetation‐induced surface roughness. By using a fixed threshold velocity, the dust scheme of Tegen and Fung (1995) (TF) relies on the dynamic dust source function to capture the dust variability associated with vegetation changes. Through a correlation analysis, the simulated dust fluxes show good consistency with the observed dust frequency, whereas only the Shao and TF dust fluxes are consistent with the MODIS Collection 5.1 and SeaWiFS DOD. The dust fluxes, dust frequency, and DOD (except MODIS Collection 6) are highly correlated with the frequency of strong surface winds but show different sensitivities to drought and soil erodibility factors (i.e., precipitation, soil moisture, and vegetation) which are influenced by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In general, La Niña years are associated with reduced precipitation, drier soils, less vegetation, and, consequently, more severe drought and enhanced dust activity in Central Asia. The averaged dust flux of the MB and Shao experiments shows a significant negative trend of −2.00 ± 0.59 × 10−3 g m−2 yr−1 from 2000 to 2014, which is consistent with the trends in the TF dust flux (−1.74 ± 0.34 × 10−3 g m−2 yr−1), dust frequency (−0.63 ± 0.21 × 10−3 yr−1), and SeaWiFS AOD (−3.3 ± 1.3 × 10−3 AOD yr−1), as well as the decreasing tendency in the MODIS AOD after the ENSO effect is removed. The negative dust trend is driven by a decline in the surface winds, which is likely due to changes in large‐scale atmospheric circulation rather than the local effect of vegetation‐induced surface roughness.
Situating cost perceptions: how general cost and motivational regulation predict specific momentary cost dimensions

Abstract Given the various motivational challenges that students experience when engaging in academic tasks, there is an emerging interest in investigating students’ cost perceptions and how to reduce them. However, most of the research has investigated general cost perceptions with a one-time assessment, often divorced from context in which cost is experienced. Centreing the situatedness of students’ motivational processes, we conducted an experience sampling study (57 undergraduates; 1,504 responses) to examine the link between general and in-situ momentary cost perceptions in students’ daily lives, as well as the potential moderating role of motivational regulation. Results showed that certain dimensions of momentary cost perceptions (outside effort cost and emotional cost) were positively associated with their corresponding general cost perceptions. Other dimensions of momentary cost (task effort cost and loss of valued alternatives cost) showed nonsignificant associations, suggesting higher sensitivity to context than others. Moreover, motivational regulation moderated the relationship between general and momentary cost for the majority of the dimensions, suggesting that interventions designed to improve students’ motivational regulation may reduce their momentary cost perceptions and increase the positivity of learning experiences.
Downlink Performance of MU-MIMO-FBMC in Power Amplifier Nonlinearity

This letter analyzes the effect of power amplifier nonlinearity on the downlink performance of multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) systems employing filter bank multicarrier (FBMC). We derive the closed form signal to distortion, interference and noise ratio (SDINR), and ergodic achievable rate for the linearly precoded system. The numerical results not only validate the analytical results but also compare the performance of FBMC and traditional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signaling in nonlinearly amplified MU-MIMO systems.
Mean and Variability of the WHOI Daily Latent and Sensible Heat Fluxes at In Situ Flux Measurement Sites in the Atlantic Ocean

Abstract Daily latent and sensible heat fluxes for the Atlantic Ocean from 1988 to 1999 with 1° × 1° resolution have been recently developed at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) by using a variational object analysis approach. The present study evaluated the degree of improvement made by the WHOI analysis using in situ buoy/ship measurements as verification data. The measurements were taken from the following field experiments: the five-buoy Subduction Experiment in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic, three coastal field programs in the western Atlantic, two winter cruises by R/V Knorr from the Labrador Sea Deep Convection Experiment, and the Pilot Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA). The differences between the observed and the WHOI-analyzed fluxes and surface meteorological variables were quantified. Comparisons with the outputs from two numerical weather prediction (NWP) models were also conducted. The mean and daily variability of the latent and sensible heat fluxes f.
Adherence to Data-Driven Dietary Patterns and Lung Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis

The effect of dietary patterns on lung cancer risk is currently debated. In this study, we evaluated the association between different “a posteriori” dietary patterns and lung cancer risk. The search was carried out (February 2023) through Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases. Meta-analysis was performed by a random-effects model using risk values (RR and OR) extracted from the 12 selected studies. Two main dietary patterns were identified and named “Western/meat” and “Healthy/prudent”. The highest adherence to the “Western/meat” dietary pattern significantly increased the lung cancer risk (OR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.17–1.65; p = 0.0002) while the highest adherence to the “Healthy/prudent” pattern reduced it (OR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.51–0.83; p = 0.001). A linear trend between both dietary patterns and lung cancer risk was observed. However, a statistically significant inverse dose–response trend was found only for the “Healthy/prudent” dietary pattern (regression coefficient = −0.0031, p = 0.003). Subgroup analyses showed that the “Western/meat” pattern significantly increased the lung cancer risk in former (n = 4) (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.11–3.36) and current smokers (n = 7) (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.06–1.71). Similarly, the “Healthy/prudent” pattern exerts a protective effect on former (n = 4) (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.44–0.85) and current smokers (n = 8) (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.46–0.88). For both dietary patterns, no significant effect was observed on never-smokers.
Pathological Study On Experimental Infection With Mycoplasma Mycoides Subspecies Capri In Different Age Groups of Goats

Introduction: To determine clinico-pathology caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri (PG3) in goats of different age groups and antibody titers. Methods: Twenty-one goats of three age groups viz; 1, 2 and 3 years with 7 goats of each age. Goats were divided in four groups i-e; G1, G2, G3 each contain 5 goats of each age while G4 comprise 6 goats; 2 from each group. Goats in G1, G2 and G3 were infected with Mycoplasma mycoides (PG3) dose (1×107 CFU/ml/kg) whereas, G4 was kept as control. Clinical examinations were recorded at 12-h intervals. The blood samples collected were tested through cELISA and the specimen of trachea, lungs, kidney, and liver were collected at the end of experiment for gross and histopathology. Results: Temperature, respiratory rate, pulse rate nasal discharge, coughing and lacrimation were noted higher in G1 compared to G2 and G3 groups. Gross pathology showed severe multifocal and diffused necrosis G1 compared to G2 and G3 groups. Histopathology showed sloughing of tracheal mucosa in all groups while hypertrophic secretary glands in G1. Lungs showed emphysema in all groups except G4. Kidneys showed glomerulonephritis while Liver showed congestion and hyperemia in all groups. cELISA, revealed the antibody titers rose from 1st to 3rd week post infection afterwards, reduced slowly. Antibody titers were higher in G1 compared to G2 and G3 groups. Conclusion: Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri (PG3) can cause infection in goats of all ages, yet the infection is more severe in young animals compared to old.
The hydrology of northern peatlands as affected by biogenic gas: current developments and research needs

Recent research indicates that accumulation and release of biogenic gas from northern peatlands may substantially affect future climate. Sudden release of free‐phase gas bubbles into the atmosphere may preclude the conversion of methane to carbon dioxide in the uppermost oxic layer of the peat, resulting in greater contribution of methane to the atmosphere than is currently estimated. The hydrology of these peatlands also affects and is affected by this process, especially when gas is released suddenly and episodically. Indirect hydrological evidence indicates that ebullitive gas releases are relatively frequent in some peatlands and time‐averaged rates may be significantly greater than diffusive releases. Estimates of free‐phase gas contained in peat have ranged from 0 to nearly 20% of the peat volume. Abrupt changes in the volume of gas may alter hydraulic gradients and movement of water and solutes in peat, which in turn could alter composition and fluxes of the gas. Peat surfaces also move vertically and horizontally in response to accumulation and release of free‐phase gas. Future research should address the distribution, temporal variability, and relative significance of ebullition in peatlands and the consequent hydrological responses to these gas‐emission events. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subsidence analysis of Eastern Avalonian sequences: implications for Iapetus closure

Basin subsidence analysis, employing the backstripping method, indicates that fundamentally different basin-generating mechanisms controlled Silurian basin development in northern England and in Wales. Accelerating subsidence with time suggests that the dominant control on basin formation in northern England was flexure of the Eastern Avalonian lithosphere. Mid-Wales, however, displays dominantly decelerating subsidence, suggesting an extensional control. The errors involved with the backstripping method, particularly concerning Lower Palaeozoic application, have been addressed. In conjunction with sedimentological and tectonic data, the subsidence patterns for the Windermere Supergroup indicate deposition in a flexurally-loaded foreland basin which migrated southwards with time. Similar data for the Powys Supergroup of Mid-Wales imply an extensional control on Silurian deposition, possibly in a strike-slip setting. However, later Pøídolí and early Devonian Welsh sedimentation may represent the onset of foreland basin deposition. The new data are consistent with a diachronous closure of the Iapetus ocean, related to rotational collision of Eastern Avalonia with Laurentia during the early Silurian. Early Silurian oblique collision produced transtension in Wales. Subsequent rotation of Eastern Avalonia produced more orthogonal collision. Thus, continental flexure was felt initially in northern England in late Wenlock times, followed by migration of the resultant foreland basin to the southeast into Wales in early Devonian times. The versatility of the backstripping method is shown by this application to Lower Palaeozoic sequences.
Causes and Consequences of Rural-Urban Migration Nigeria: A Case Study of Ogun Waterside Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria.

This study investigated the causes and consequences of rural-urban migration in Nigeria from the period 1999-2008, using Ijebu Waterside Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria, as a case study. The study attempted finding answers to research questions by using survey design and purposive sampling techniques to collect data from 144 respondents with the aid of a 10-item structured questionnaire and personal interview. The respondents comprised of heads of households of migrants’ in the study area. Data for this study were edited, coded and analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) and descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that majority of the migrants migrated to continue their education rather than in search of employment as concluded by a lot of past studies. It also revealed that the consequences of out-migration on the area include: absence of youths to assist parents in their profession, lack of work force to work on farms, and desertion of the area to the aged and children. The paper recommended concerted government policy aimed at closing the lacuna between wage and other socio-economic differentials between the rural and urban areas, government’s support in the development and funding of small and medium scale rural enterprises, and agriculture.
Influence of strategic HRM and entrepreneurial orientation on dynamic capabilities and innovation in small- and medium-sized enterprises

In small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), adopting a strategic human resource management (SHRM), approach can improve dynamic capabilities and promote greater innovation. However, most research on this topic is theoretical and focuses on large firms with well-established formal and mature human resource management systems and access to significant resources. Using a resource-based view framework, we investigate how entrepreneurial orientation (EO) enhances the SHRM–dynamic capabilities relationship in SMEs. Using time-lagged data from 456 SMEs in Australia, our results confirm that SHRM has an indirect positive association with innovation through its impact on dynamic capabilities. Additionally, EO has an indirect positive association with innovation through its impact on dynamic capabilities. Our results also show that EO moderates the positive relationship between dynamic capabilities and innovation such that the relationship becomes stronger as EO increases. This study’s results have theoretical and practical implications for the role of SHRM and EO in developing dynamic capabilities and innovation in SMEs.
Evaluation of Direct Detection Protocols for Poliovirus from Stool Samples of Acute Flaccid Paralysis Patients

Polio surveillance in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative has been conducted with virus isolation from stool samples of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases. Under the current biorisk management/regulations, challenges arise in the timelines of the report, sensitivity of the test and containment of poliovirus (PV) isolates. In the present study, we evaluated protocols of previously reported direct detection (DD) methods targeting the VP1 or VP4–VP2 regions of the PV genome in terms of sensitivity and sequencability. An optimized protocol targeting the entire-capsid region for the VP1 sequencing showed a high sensitivity (limit of detection = 82 copies of PV genome) with a simpler and faster reaction than reported ones (i.e., with the addition of all the primers at the start of the reaction, the RT-PCR reaction finishes within 2.5 h). The DD methods targeting the VP1 region detected PV in 60 to 80% of PV-positive stool samples from AFP cases; however, minor populations of PV strains in the samples with virus mixtures were missed by the methods. Sequencability of the DD methods was primarily determined by the efficiency of the PCRs for both Sanger and nanopore sequencing. The DD method targeting the VP4–VP2 region showed higher sensitivity than that targeting the VP1 region (limit of detection = 25 copies of PV genome) and successfully detected PV from all the stool samples examined. These results suggest that DD methods are effective for the detection of PV and that further improvement of the sensitivity is essential to serve as an alternative to the current polio surveillance algorithm.
Corporate governance and cultural diversity in Lebanese banks

This study’s scholarly significance lies in its exploration of the intricate connection between culture and corporate governance within Lebanon’s banking sector. Utilizing Hofstede’s established cultural dimensions model and employing a rigorous qualitative research methodology, the study investigates ten Lebanese banks, delving into specific cultural elements like “wasta”, social belonging, and quota. It uncovers the complexities of Lebanon’s cultural landscape, revealing that a uniform corporate governance model is unsuitable due to its cultural diversity. The research advocates extending Hofstede’s model to incorporate Lebanese-specific cultural dimensions, such as wasta and group affiliations, recognizing their pivotal roles. By addressing these cultural nuances, the study contributes to both academia and practical application within Lebanese banks, enhancing our understanding of corporate governance and cultural diversity in a concise manner.
Pollutants Characterization of Car Wash Wastewater

The huge quantity of water consumed per car during washing cars yields the untreated effluents discharged to the stormwater system. Wastewater samples from snow car wash and two full hand service car wash station were analyzed for pH and the presence of PO 4 3- ,TP, O&G, alkalinity, TSS, NO 3 - , NO 2 - , COD and surfactant in accordance Standard Method of Water and Wastewater 2012. Two full hand wash service stations and one station of snow foam service were investigated in this study. Amongst the stations, snow foam car wash station indicates the highest concentration of PO 4 3- , TP, O&G, TSS, COD and surfactant with the average value of 10.18 ± 0.87 mg/L, 30.93 ± 0.31 mg/L , 85.00 ± 0.64 mg/L 325.0 ± 0.6 mg/L, 485.0 ± 0.3 mg/L and 54.00 ± 2.50 mg/L as MBAS, respectively. Whereas, in parameters characterization in different stages throughout the car wash process, O&G was found to be the highest in pre soak stage, PO 4 3- , TP, TSS and COD in washing stage and NO 3 - and NO 2 - in rinse stage. All parameters were compared to Environmental Quality (Industrial Effluent) Regulations, 2009. There is a strong need to study on the characterization of car wash water in order to suggest the suitable treatment need for this type of wastewater.