Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Innovation and Pro-Activeness as Components of Corporate Entrepreneurship Dimensions on the Protability of Quoted Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria

T he harsh operating environment, in which many manufacturing rms found themselves hasa negative effect on the prot of the manufacturing companies. This is because statistics from the Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) of 2016 revealed a declining manufacturing economy at less than 50 per cent. The index has not changed in recent years. This has resulted in folding-up of many manufacturing companies which apparently, pose challenges for sustainability and by extension for the economy. This study examines the effects of innovation and pro-activeness on the protability of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Data for the study was obtained from the administration of questionnaire. The data was subjected to statistical cleansing to ensure reliability and validity. The applied structural equation model, PLS-SEM. The justication for PLS-SEM is based on sample size, which is below 200, was used to analyze the data generated. The ndings reveal that innovation has negative and insignicant effect on the prot of selected manufacturing rms, entailing that increase in the innovation negatively inuence protability and there is a positive relationship between proactiveness and protability. This study recommends that there should be improved and sustained innovative activities by manufacturing rms and every manufacturing rm should always be pro-active in every way and department. This will prompt them to be ahead of their competitors in introducing new products and services which increases rms' effectiveness and efciency.
Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice

Domestic violence—defined as acts of physical, sexual, emotional or psychological abuse between current or former intimate partners—directly affects large segments of the Australian community. Recent data show that around one in six women and one in 16 men have experienced physical and/or sexual violence by a current or former partner since the age of 15, while one in four women and one in six men have experienced emotional abuse (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2017). The social, health, psychological and financial costs of domestic violence to individuals, families and the broader community are significant (KPMG 2016).
DISTRIBUCIÓN ESPACIAL DEL ÁGUILA-AZOR PERDICERA (HIERAAETUS FASCIATUS) Y DEL ÁGUILA REAL (AQUILA CHRYSAETOS) EN LA REGIÓN DE MURCIA.

SUMMARY. —Spatial patterns of distribution of Bonelli’s Eagles Hieraaetus fasciatus and Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos in southeastern Spain. We analized the spatial pattern of distribution of the populations of two cliff-nesting eagles, the Bonelli’s Eagle Hieraaetus fasciatus and the Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos in Murcia, southeastern Spain. We applied two complementary methods, the G-test and a graphical analysis, to detect the spacing between conspecific breeding pairs and between both species. Golden Eagles followed a regular pattern (Table 1; Fig. 2), while Bonelli’s Eagles aggregated in two principal reproductive cores, with a random spacing within them (Table 1; Fig. 1). The distribution of both species considered together did not differ from a random pattern (Table 1; Fig. 3). Intraspecific territoriality has been shown to be associated with regular patterns of distribution in a large variety of species, such as happens with Golden Eagles in the study area. On the other side, the spatial pattern observed among Bonelli’s Eagle pairs seems to be associated with direct human persecution. When considering both species together, the random pattern obtained could be a consequence of a low breeding density of both species.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) A causal semantics of IS generics

The felicity, or acceptability, of IS generics, i.e. generic sentences with indeﬁnite singulars, is considerably more restricted compared to BP generics, generics with bare plurals. The goal of this paper is to account for the limited felicity of IS generics compared to BP generics, on the one hand, while preserving the close similarity between the two types of generics, on the other. We do so by proposing a causal analysis of IS generics, and show that this corresponds closely with a probabilistic analysis of BP generics.
Laboratory observations of time‐dependent frictional strengthening and stress relaxation in natural and synthetic fault gouges

Interseismic recovery of fault strength (healing) following earthquake failure is a fundamental requirement of the seismic cycle and likely plays a key role in determining the stability and slip behavior of tectonic faults. We report on laboratory measurements of time‐ and slip‐dependent frictional strengthening for natural and synthetic gouges to evaluate the role of mineralogy in frictional strengthening. We performed slide‐hold‐slide (SHS) shearing experiments on nine natural fault gouges and eight synthetic gouges at conditions of 20 MPa normal stress, 100% relative humidity (RH), large shear strain (~15), and room temperature. Phyllosilicate‐rich rocks show the lowest rates of frictional strengthening. Samples rich in quartz and feldspar exhibit intermediate rates of frictional strengthening, and calcite‐rich gouges show the largest values. Our results show that (1) the rates of frictional strengthening and creep relaxation scale with frictional strength, (2) phyllosilicate‐rich fault gouges have low strength and healing characteristics that promote stable, aseismic creep, (3) most natural fault gouges exhibit intermediate rates of frictional strengthening, consistent with a broad range of fault slip behaviors, and (4) calcite‐rich fault rocks show the highest rates of frictional strengthening, low values of dilation upon reshear, and high frictional strengths, all of which would promote seismogenic behavior.
National Quail

The population decline of northern bobwhite ( Colinus virginianus ; hereafter, bobwhite) on the Texas Gulf Coast Prairie, USA is largely attributed to habitat loss. However, red imported fire ants ( Solenopsis invicta ) occur throughout the region and are considered a possible contributing factor to the bobwhite decline. The objectives of our study were to determine the influence of red imported fire ants on bobwhites by comparing bobwhite nest success, survival, and density between sites treated with fire ant bait (treatment) and reference (control) sites. Our study was conducted on 3 private ranches in Goliad and Refugio counties, Texas. Each ranch contained 2 paired experimental units that consisted of a treatment and control site (500 ha each). The treatment sites received an aerial application of fire ant bait (Extinguish® Plus) during April 2018, whereas the control sites were not treated. We estimated mound density by counting fire ant mounds using distance sampling. We used radio-telemetry to monitor bobwhite nest success and survival, and we estimated bobwhite densities using distance sampling via helicopter surveys. Fire ant mound density decreased through time on both treatment and control sites. However, fire ant mound density was lower on treatment sites than control sites, indicating the insecticide was effective at decreasing fire ant mound density. Bobwhite survival, nest success, and density did not statistically differ between control and treated sites either pre-treatment (2017) or post-treatment (2018), but survival and nest success metrics were numerically higher in treated units. Bobwhite survival remained relatively stable in the treatment units 4 weeks after application but decreased in the control units. Following treatment, apparent nest success in the treated units increased by 37.4% while nest success in the control units decreased by 35.2%. Bobwhite populations were low in this ecoregion, which influenced our ability to trap and monitor many bobwhites or monitor many nests. In addition, it may be possible that repeated, annual treatments for fire ants are necessary for a benefit to accrue and be observed in bobwhites. Our results indicate that there may be potential benefits to bobwhites from fire ant reduction that deserve further research attention.
COVID-19 and Domestic Airlines Operations in Nigeria: The Emerging Issues

he study was conducted to investigate how the T outbreak of COVID-19 has affected the operational performance of Nigeria domestic airlines. The study adopted a survey approach with a population of Six Hundred and Fifty-Five (655) respondents drawn randomly from full-time employees (Station Managers, Pilots, Engineers, Cabin crew and Baggage Handlers) of the five domestic airlines, Air Peace, Azman, Arik Air, Aero Contractor and Dana Airline operating at Murtala Mohammed and Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airports and a descriptive statistic was specified using Logistics Regression model. The study found that the Outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic affects operations, revenue, the attitude of the customer, and labor turnover of skilled professionals and ultimately affects the optimal performance of domestic airlines. It was recommended that the management of domestic airlines put up effective strategies for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic in view of its impact on the operations of domestic airlines.
The Inﬂuence of Characteristic Sea State Parameters on the Accuracy of Irregular Wave Field Simulations of Different Complexity

: The accurate description of the complex genesis and evolution of ocean waves, as well as the associated kinematics and dynamics is indispensable for the design of offshore structures and the assessment of marine operations. In the majority of cases, the water-wave problem is reduced to potential ﬂow theory on a somehow simpliﬁed level. However, the nonlinear terms in the surface boundary conditions and the fact that they must be fulﬁlled on the unknown water surface make the boundary value problem considerably complex. Hereby, the contrary objectives with respect to a very accurate representation of reality and numerical efﬁciency must be balanced wisely. This paper investigates the inﬂuence of characteristic sea state parameters on the accuracy of irregular wave ﬁeld simulations of different complexity. For this purpose, the high-order spectral method was applied and the underlying Taylor series expansion was truncated at different orders so that numerical simulations of different complexity can be investigated. It is shown that, for speciﬁc characteristic sea state parameters, the boundary value problem can be signiﬁcantly reduced while providing sufﬁcient accuracy.
Zero-shot Translation of Attention Patterns in VQA Models to Natural Language

Converting a model's internals to text can yield human-understandable insights about the model. Inspired by the recent success of training-free approaches for image captioning, we propose ZS-A2T, a zero-shot framework that translates the transformer attention of a given model into natural language without requiring any training. We consider this in the context of Visual Question Answering (VQA). ZS-A2T builds on a pre-trained large language model (LLM), which receives a task prompt, question, and predicted answer, as inputs. The LLM is guided to select tokens which describe the regions in the input image that the VQA model attended to. Crucially, we determine this similarity by exploiting the text-image matching capabilities of the underlying VQA model. Our framework does not require any training and allows the drop-in replacement of different guiding sources (e.g. attribution instead of attention maps), or language models. We evaluate this novel task on textual explanation datasets for VQA, giving state-of-the-art performances for the zero-shot setting on GQA-REX and VQA-X. Our code is available at: https://github.com/ExplainableML/ZS-A2T.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Pubertal testosterone correlates with adolescent impatience and dorsal striatal activity

Recent self-report and behavioral studies have demonstrated that pubertal testosterone is related to an increase in risky and impulsive behavior. Yet, the mechanisms underlying such a relationship are poorly understood. Findings from both human and rodent studies point towards distinct striatal pathways including the ventral and dorsal striatum as key target regions for pubertal hormones. In this study we investigated task-related impatience of boys between 10 and 15 years of age ( N ¼ 75), using an intertemporal choice task combined with measures of functional magnetic resonance imaging and hormonal assessment. Increased levels of testosterone were associated with a greater response bias towards choosing the smaller sooner option. Furthermore, our results show that testosterone specifically modulates the dorsal, not ventral, striatal pathway. These results provide novel insights into our understanding of adolescent impulsive and risky behaviors and how pubertal hormones are related to neural processes.
Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange Repository and Information Exchange

Crop yield and economic profitability, both highly dependent on local crop management, soil characteristics, and weather conditions, are among the most influential factors to consider when considering a cropping system. The objective of this study was to compare the economic returns of three different 4-yr diverse crop rotations with that of a 2-yr traditional crop rotation in eastern South Dakota. The rotations included were (a) corn ( Zea mays L.)–soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ]–spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)–pea ( Pisum sativum L.) (CSSwP), (b) corn–pea–winter wheat–soybean (CPWwS), (c) corn–oat ( Avena sativa L.)–winter wheat–soybean (COWwS), and (d) corn–soybean (CS). Results showed that total cost for the CS rotation was 7.2, 14.9, and 18.2% greater than the COWwS, CSSwP, and CPWwS rotations, respectively
Technology in Society Socially isolated and digitally excluded. A qualitative exploratory study of the lives of Roma teenage mothers during the COVID-19 lockdown

: This paper explores the interlinks between multiple layers of exclusion and deprivation of Roma adolescents mothers in the context of COVID-19 pandemic, in order to understand: a) how different types of exclusion (e.g., digital, social, educational) overlap and how are those types of exclusion lived and perceived by teenage mothers; and b) whether and how the COVID-19 pandemic changed existing inequalities in their situation. In our paper, we refer to teenage mothers to describe mothers who gave birth before the age of 18. The study has a qualitative exploratory approach and relies on ten interviews conducted with Roma teenage mothers in peripheral urban areas in Romania during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in the Spring of 2020. As a theoretical framework, the study employs the Relative Digital Deprivation Theory, (Helsper, 2016) which touches upon three dimensions of digital divides while revealing different markers of agency that young mothers manifest. In our understanding, “agency” is not limited to active agency, but encompasses the “tacit or hidden agency” as well (Sniekers, 2018). Moreover, we relied on Maheshwari’s work (2019) that developed the concept of positioning to understand how individuals’ identities are shaped by different competing discourses (e.g. victimhood and agency). Although
ФИНАНСЫ РЕГИОНА

This paper empirically analyses the determinants of foreign direct investment inflows into the Russian regions. This problem has become highly relevant for the necessary modernization of the Russian economy after the recent economic slowdown and sharp decrease in budget revenues. The authors model foreign direct investment flows with the use of the gravity approach according to which investment flows are positively correlated with the size of the investor’s country as well as the size of the recipient region and are negatively correlated with the distance between investor and recipient. The empirical analysis is based on a constructed database consisting of the foreign direct investment flows from 179 investor countries into 78 Russian regions for the period 2006–2013. The authors apply the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood method and identify the following factors determining foreign direct investment inflows into the Russian economy: the gross domestic product of the investor’s country, the gross domestic product per capita in the recipient region, the distance from the investor to Moscow, the openness of the region, the economic situation in the region, the innovative capacity of the region and the foreign direct investment of the previous period. Interestingly, the distance from the recipient region to Moscow matters for the regions in the western part of Russia (relatively close to Moscow) but is not significant for the regions in the eastern part (remote regions).
Short milking tube thermogram analysis: an indicator of sub-clinical mastitis identi�cation in Murrah buffaloes

Early detection of sub-clinical mastitis via thermogram analysis by using a part of the milking machine without disturbing the dairy animal can be a milestone in precision farming. In the present study, thermal images of the short milking tube of milking machine representing four udder quarters independently attached to a milking animal, along with pre-and post-milking udder and teat thermograms were taken using a hand-held digital infrared thermal camera (DarviDTL007) during morning milking of lactating Murrah buffaloes (n = 132) to assess the sub-clinical mastitis status. California mastitis test (CMT) and somatic cell count (SCC) of milk samples were carried out to screen the udder quarters as healthy, sub-clinical (SCM), and clinical mastitis (CM). The thermograms revealed a signi�cant increase (p < 0.05) of 2.19 and 3. 72ºC in the mean values of short-milking-tube (SMT) surface temperature among SCM and CM quarters compared to healthy quarters, respectively. The mean values of udder skin surface temperature (USST) for pre-milking, milking, and post-milking of SCM and CM compared to healthy quarters showed signi�cant increase (p < 0.05) of 2.17, 1.96 and 1. 61ºC and 3.11, 2.88 and 2. 73ºC, respectively. Similarly, the mean values of teat skin surface temperature (TSST) for pre-milking and post-milking of SCM and CM compared to healthy quarters showed an increase of 2.12 and 1. 66ºC; and 3.07 and 2. 45ºC, respectively. Also, CMT and SCC results showed strong positive correlation (r = 0.68–0.91, p < 0.01) with all the thermographic parameters. Thus, thermograms of SMT alone can be used as an e�cient detection tool in assessing SCM among Murrah buffaloes.
SERIE ETUDES ET DOCUMENTS DU CERDI Beggar-thy-Neighbor Effects of Currency Undervaluation: Is China the Tip of the Iceberg?

La série des Etudes et Documents du CERDI est consultable sur le site : Les commentaires et analyses développés n'engagent que leurs auteurs qui restent seuls responsables des erreurs et insuffisances. Abstract This paper examines empirically one of the most popular views in international economics, yet barely tested: undervaluation of the currency is a " beggar-thy-neighbor " policy. It assesses simultaneously the two closely related implications of the beggar-thy-neighbor view: (i) undervaluation of the domestic currency improves the domestic trade balance; and most importantly, (ii) undervaluation of the domestic currency negatively impacts the other countries' trade balances. Starting from the traditional imperfect substitutes model, we propose an empirical framework allowing the estimation of both the internal and external impacts of currency undervaluation. This framework is then applied to a panel of 62 advanced and emerging markets over the period 1990-2007. The results give strong support to the beggar-thy-neighbor hypothesis. We find that currency undervaluation is robustly and significantly associated with an improvement of the domestic trade balance. We also find that countries that keep their currencies undervalued tend to negatively impact the other countries' trade balances. Finally, our estimates suggest that the external effect of China's renminbi, which has been the focus of the profession thus far, might be " the tip of the iceberg " : the latter two results carry over when China's trade data are excluded from the analysis.
Effect of water-saving irrigation on the seasonal emission of CH_4 from paddy field

Based on water-saving irrigation technique and observation in situ with closed static chamber technique,the effect of rice water-saving controlled irrigation on the seasonal emission law of CH_4 from paddy field was investigated.The results show that the seasonal variation of CH_4 emission from paddy field under controlled irrigation(PFCI) takes on distinct one-peak pattern,occurring at the initial tillering stage of rice.The total CH_4 emission from PFCI was 24.43 g·m~(-2),the seasonal average of CH_4 emission rate was 7.95 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1),reduced by 39% compared with that from paddy field under flooding irrigation(PFFI). There is no statistically significant difference on the mean emission rates of CH_4 between two kinds of irrigation patterns during the ponding to the peak tillering stage of rice((0.05P=0.87);) while CH_4 emission rate from PFCI is significantly lower than that from PFFI during the later tillering to ripening stage of rice(0.00=P0.05). July is the most month of CH_4 emission in the whole rice growth season in rice production areas of East China,while the amount of CH_4 emission from PFCI changes greatly among various months.In addition,under controlled irrigation,no-water-layer status lower than saturated soil moisture can remarkably reduce CH_4 emission from paddy field from the later tillering stage of rice onwards,and the reduction cannot be weakened due to the precipitation and the amendment of nitrogenous fertilizers.Furthermore,the PFCI possibly becomes one of the sinks absorbing the atmosphere CH_4.
Phenology of seven indigenous tree species in a dry Afromontane forest, southern Ethiopia

The phenology of seven indigenous tree species was investigated in a dry Afromontane forest of Ethiopia over two years. About 210 mature trees were monitored for leaf fall, leaf flush, flowering and fruiting. The different phenophase events were correlated with climate variables and circular statistics was employed to test for seasonality. Leaf fall and leaf flush peaked during the long dry season. Leaf fall significantly correlated with mean monthly temperatures. Flowering was predominantly annual and seasonal. Most species flowered during the dry season between November and May. Flowering was temporally discordant among the species, which is interpreted as a kind of adaptation avoiding interspecific overlap and thus competition for pollinators. Unlike flowering, fruiting was less seasonal and trees bore fruits over extended periods of the year. Following flowering, fruiting peaked later in the dry season or the beginning of the rainy season. Both flowering and fruiting phenology of the study species were strongly influenced by temperature and rainfall. However, leaf phenology was influenced