Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activation of Anterior Insular Cortex and Anterior Medial Cingulate Cortex Associated with Direct Pain Perception and Empathy for Pain A Functional Magnetic Imaging Pilot Study

A T1-weighted the using blood-oxygen-level dependent contrast imaging The were acquired using a MRI-scanner of the model General Electric Discovery 750 with a magnetic field of 3 T. The T1-weighted anatomical images were acquired in an axial plane with the following properties; slice thickness = 1 mm, repetition time (TR) = 7.9 ms, echo time (TE) = 3.1 ms, voxel size = 1x1x1 mm. The fMRI-images were acquired in an axial plane with the following properties; slice thickness = 3 mm, TR = 2550.0 ms, TE = 28.0 ms, voxel size 3x3x3 mm. and a power of 90%.
Amino Acid Substitutions in a Variant of IMP-1 Metallo- b -Lactamase

In the course of surveying for the carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo- b -lactamase gene bla IMP in pathogenic bacteria by the PCR method, we detected a gene encoding a variant metallo- b -lactamase, designated IMP-3, which differed from IMP-1 by having low hydrolyzing activity for penicillins and carbapenems. PCR product direct sequencing of a 2.2-kb segment revealed that the gene bla IMP-3 was located on a cassette inserted within a class I integron in the pMS390 plasmid. The 741-bp nucleotide sequence of bla IMP-3 was identical to that of bla IMP-1 , except for seven base substitutions. Among these were two, at nucleotide positions 314 and 640, which caused amino acid alterations. Hybrid bla genes were constructed from bla IMP-3 and bla IMP-1 by recombinant DNA techniques, and b -lactamases encoded by these genes were compared with those of the parents IMP-3 and IMP-1 under the same experimental conditions. The kinetic parameters indicated that the inefﬁcient hydrolysis of benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, imipenem, and ceftazidime by IMP-3 was due to the substitution of glycine serine at amino acid residue 196 in the mature enzyme. This alteration corresponded to the presence of guanine instead of an adenine at nucleotide position 640 of the bla IMP-3 gene. This indicated that extension of the substrate proﬁle in the metallo- b -lactamase IMP-1 compared to IMP-3 is the result of a one-step single-base mutation, suggesting that the gene bla IMP-3 is an ancestor of bla IMP-1 by hydrolysis values m from
E ﬀ ect of Oxygen Source on the Various Properties of SnO 2 Thin Films Deposited by Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition

: Herein, we performed a comparative study of plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) of SnO 2 ﬁlms using Sn(dmamp) 2 as the Sn source and either H 2 O plasma or O 2 plasma as the oxygen source in a wide temperature range of 100–300 ◦ C. Since the type of oxygen source employed in PEALD determines the growth behavior and resultant ﬁlm properties, we investigated the growth feature of both SnO 2 PEALD processes and the various chemical, structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of SnO 2 ﬁlms, depending on the oxygen source. SnO 2 ﬁlms from Sn(dmamp) 2 / H 2 O plasma (SH-SnO 2 ) and Sn(dmamp) 2 / O 2 plasma (SO-SnO 2 ) showed self-limiting atomic layer deposition (ALD) growth behavior with growth rates of ~0.21 and 0.07–0.13 nm / cycle, respectively. SO-SnO 2 ﬁlms showed relatively larger grain structures than SH-SnO 2 ﬁlms at all temperatures. Interestingly, SH-SnO 2 ﬁlms grown at high temperatures of 250 and 300 ◦ C presented porous rod-shaped surface morphology. SO-SnO 2 ﬁlms showed good electrical properties, such as high mobility up to 27 cm 2 V − 1 · s − 1 and high carrier concentration of ~10 19 cm − 3 , whereas SH-SnO 2 ﬁlms exhibited poor Hall mobility of 0.3–1.4 cm 2 V − 1 · s − 1 and moderate carrier concentration of 1 × 10 17 –30 × 10 17 cm − 3 . This may be attributed to the signiﬁcant grain boundary and hydrogen impurity scattering.
Biﬁdobacterium breve CNCM I-4035, Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-4034 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-4036 Modulate Macrophage Gene Expression and Ameliorate Damage Markers in the Liver of Zucker-Lepr fa/fa Rats

: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has reached pandemic proportions world-wide. We have previously reported that the probiotic strains Biﬁdobacterium breve CNCM I-4035, Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-4034 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-4036 exert anti-inﬂammatory effects in the intestine of Zucker-Lepr fa/fa rats. In this work, we focused on their hepatic effects. M1 macrophages are related to inﬂammation and NAFLD pathogenesis, whereas M2 macrophages release anti-inﬂammatory mediators. We evaluated the effects of these 3 strains on macrophage polarization, inﬂammation and liver damage of Zucker-Lepr fa/fa rats. The animals received either a placebo or 10 10 CFU of probiotics orally for 30 days. Nos2 and Cd86 mRNA levels were determined as markers of M1 macrophages, and Cd163 and Arg1 as M2 markers, respectively, by qRT-PCR. Liver damage was determined by lipid peroxidation, leukocyte inﬁltration and myeloperoxidase activity. We evaluated a panoply of circulating chemokines, the hepatic ratio P-Akt/Akt, NF-kB and P-NF-kB protein levels. All 3 probiotic strains modulated macrophage polarization in liver and circulating levels of inﬂammation-related mediators. L. paracasei CNCM I-4034 increased the ratio P-Akt/Akt and NF-kB protein levels. B. breve CNCM I-4035, L. paracasei CNCM I-4034 and L. rhamnosus CNCM I-4036 decreased both pro-inﬂammatory macrophage gene expression and leukocyte inﬁltration in the liver.
PENGARUH VARIASI JENIS PELARUT ASAM PADA EKSTRAKSI KOLAGEN DARI IKAN PARI (Himantura gerrardi) DAN IKAN TUNA (Thunnus sp)

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai ekstraksi kolagen tulang rawan ikan pari ( Himantura gerrardi ) dan kulit ikan tuna ( Thunnus sp ) menggunakan variasi jenis larutan asam. Tujuan penelitian untuk menentukan jenis asam yang efektif menghasilkan kolagen. Metode penelitian meliputi perlakuan awal yaitu pembersihan, perendaman masing-masing 3 x 24 jam dalam tiga larutan asam yaitu, asam asetat 0,5 N; asam sitrat 0,5 N dan asam klorida 0,5 N dilanjutkan dengan ekstraksi dan elektroforesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen kolagen basah yang diperoleh pada masing-masing pelarut pengekstraksi asam asetat, asam sitrat, dan asam klorida sebesar 0,1 % pada ikan pari sedangkan pada ikan tuna 1,2 %, 0,7 % dan 0,2 %. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa semua pelarut asam yang dipakai memiliki efektifitas yang sama pada ikan pari sedangkan pada ikan tuna paling tinggi diperoleh pada penggunaan pelarut asam asetat.
Operator logarithms and exponentials

﻿ Since Mclntosh's introduction of the 𝛨 ∞ -calculus for sectorial operators, the topic has been studied by many authors. Haase has constructed a similar functional calculus for strip-type operators, and has also developed an abstract framework which unifies both of these examples and more. In this thesis we use this abstract functional calculus setting to study two particular problems in operator theory. The first of these is concerned with operator sums. We ask the question of when the sum log A +log B is closed, where A and B are a pair of injective sectorial operators whose resolvents commute. We show that the sum is always closable and, when A and B are invertible, we determine sufficient conditions for the sum to be closed. These conditions are of Kalton-Weis type, and in fact ensure that AB is sectorial and that the identity log A + log B = log( AB ) holds. We then identify an interpolation space on which these conditions are automatically satisfied. Our second problem is connected to the exponential of a strip-type operator B , specifically the question of whether e B is sectorial. When -1 ∈ p(e B ) , the spectrum of e B lies in a sector, and we obtain an estimate on the resolvent outside this sector. This estimate becomes closer to sectoriality as more restrictions are placed on the resolvents of B itself. This leads us to introduce the ideas of F -sectorial and F -strong strip-type operators, whose spectra are contained in a sector or strip, but which satisfy a different resolvent estimate from that of a sectorial or strong striptype operator. In some cases it is possible to define the logarithm of an F -sectorial operator or the exponential of an F -strong strip-type operator. We prove resolvent estimates for the resulting logarithms and exponentials, and explore the relationships between the various classes of operators considered.
RESEARCH Comparison of Clinical Characteristics Between Benign Borderline and Malignant Phyllodes Tumors of the Breast

Background: Phyllodes tumors of the breast are rare fibroepithelial lesions, so relatively little is known about this disease entity. The present study was designed to identify differences in clinical features between benign borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors. Materials and Methods: Data from 246 women with phyllodes tumors of the breast treated in Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between 2002 and 2012 were collected and analyzed, including age at presentation, age at treatment, course, size of primary tumor, location, histological type, type of surgery and treatment, local recurrence, distant metastasis, fibroadenoma history, disease-free survival and number of mitosis per 10hpf. There are 125 (55%) benign, 55 (24%) borderline and 47 (21%) malignant tumors. Results: In univariate analysis, average age at presentation, average age at treatment, size of primary tumor, ulceration or not, type of primary surgery, distant metastasis and number of mitosis per 10 hpf turned out to be statistically different among the three PT types ( p =0.014, 0.018, <0.000, 0.003, <0.000, 0.001 and <0.000, respectively), while recurrence and disease-free survival (DFS) demonstrated trends for statistical significance ( P =0.055 and 0.060, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed distant metastasis and excision were significantly different in benign, borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors of the breast ( p =0.041 and 0.018, OR=0.061 and 0.051). At the same time, size of primary tumor with p =0.052 tended to be different between groups (OR=1.127). However, age at treatment, ulceration and DFS showed no statistically significant variation ( p =0.400, 0.286 and 0.413, respectively). Conclusions: Benign borderline and malignant phyllode tumors have different distant metastasis risk, different primary tumor size and different surgical procedures, and malignant PTs are more likely to be bigger and to metastasize.
develop-The Molecular Regulation of Muscle Stem Cell Function

Muscle satellite cells are responsible for the postnatal growth and robust regeneration capacity of adult skeletal muscle. A sub- set of satellite cells purified from adult skeletal muscle is capable of repopulating the satellite cell pool, suggesting that it has direct therapeutic potential for treating degenerative muscle disease. Satellite cells uniformly express the transcription factor Pax7, and Pax7 is required for satellite cell viability and to give rise to myogenic precursors that express the basic helix-loop-helic (bHLH) transcription factors Myf5 and MyoD. Pax7 activates expression of target genes such as Myf5 and MyoD through recruitment of the Wdr5/Ash2L/MLL2 histone methyltransferase complex. Extensive genetic analysis has revealed that Myf5 and MyoD are required for myogenic determination, whereas myogenin and MRF4 have roles in terminal differ- entiation. Using a Myf5-Cre knockin allele and an R26R-YFP Cre reporter, we observed that in vivo about 10% of satellite cells only express Pax7 and have never expressed Myf5. Moreover, we found that Pax7 + /Myf5 – satellite cells give rise to Pax7 + /Myf5 + satellite cells through basal-apical asymmetric cell divisions. Therefore, satellite cells in skeletal muscle are a heterogeneous population composed of satellite stem cells (Pax7 + /Myf5 – ) and satellite myogenic cells (Pax7 + /Myf5 + ). Evidence is accumulating that indicates that satellite stem cells represent a true stem cell reservoir, and targeting mechanisms that regulate their function represents an important therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neuromuscular disease.
THE EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC SEED EXTRACT OF SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM ON WOUND HEALING

Background: A wound is a trauma to any of the tissues of the body especially that caused by physical means with interruption to continuity which normally heals rapidly without difficulty. The gross wound morphometry and wound healing activity of ethanolic extract of Solanum lycopersicum seeds were studied. Materials and Methods: The ethanolic extract of Solanum lycopersicum seeds were prepared using 42.38g of blended S. lycopersicum seeds after drying. 20 male wistar rats separated into two groups; experimental and control (of 10 each) was used in this research. A wound size of 2cm by 2cm which exposed the panniculus adiposus was inflicted on the right dorso-lateral shaved aspect of the thorax after anaesthetizing. The wound sizes were immediately measured using a 4cm by 4cm template of transparent sheet and placed on a graph sheet for counting of the small blocks. The experimental group were administered the extract while control group had distilled water. Results and Discussion : The percentage mean wound contraction on day 3, 6, 9 and 12 for the control group were 18.41 + 9.86, 42.27 + 12.39, 73.63 + 11.89 and 81.23+7.34 respectively, while for the experimental group on day 3, 6, 9 and 12 were 22.35 +8.65, 57.11 + 12.33, 87.50 + 3.84 and 95.58 + 3.14 respectively. Comparing the two groups for the respective days, day 3 and 9 showed no statistical difference, while day 6 and 12 were found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). The mean wound closure day for the experimental and control groups were approximately day 15 and 21 respectively. Conclusion: Solanum lycopersicum seeds have been found to accelerate wound healing by facilitating wound contraction and promoting quicker wound closure day.
A survey of the empirical evidence

The purpose of this paper is to further the understanding of the port sector through a systematic analysis of the existing studies assessing the economic efficiency and productivity of the sector. The emphasis is on the measurement methodologies, the variables used and the results in terms of the various port activities as well as on the relevance of dimensions such as the size of the port, its ownership, location, etc. One of the main contributions of our analysis is the evidence provided of the need to very clearly isolate and spell out the port activity for which the efficiency assessment is being conducted. From an economic policy viewpoint, our assessment also points to the necessity of more closely involving the relevant authorities to improve the data collection system. Classification JEL: L92, H54 *Correspondent author: Lourdes Trujillo CCRP, City University. Northampton Square, EC1V 0HB, London, email: ltrujillo@daea.ulpgc. es. We thank Antonio Estache and Sergio Perelman for their suggestions. Financial support from World Bank is gratefully acknowledged.
Decay tagging of neutron-deficient 73,74Sr

The isospin dependence of the nuclear interaction was probed using energy differences between analogue excited states across the A=74 isobaric triplet. The first spectroscopy of transitions between states in the proton-dripline nuclide, 74Sr was performed using the highly-selective recoil-beta tagging technique with the JUROGAM II + RITU + GREAT setup at the University of Jyvaskyla. Considerable experimental development was required to acheive the requisite level of sensitivity. This included the development of a phosphor-sandwich detector, a finely segmented doublesided silicon-strip detector (DSSD) and a charged-particle veto array (UoYtube). The 2+ to 0+ and 4+ to 2+ transitions were identified through a combination of time and energy gates, and the implementation of a charged-particle veto. A beta-decay half-life was also extracted, in good agreement with a complementary measurement performed at RIKEN. Comparison with Skyrme Hartree-Fock calculations indicates that 74Sr is approximately 1-MeV less bound than previously supposed, implying that both observed excited states are two-proton unbound. Through comparison with published data from the A=74 isobar, triplet-energy differences (TEDs) were determined, indicating a continued need for an additional isotensor, J=0, 100-keV isospin-nonconserving (INC) interaction component, consistent with that found to be required at lower masses. The implication of this result is that such an INC component is mandated across the nuclear landscape, regardless of local nuclear structure effects. Additionally, candidates for the beta-delayed proton decay of 73Sr via 73Rb to 72Kr were observed using the same experimental setup. The lowest energy proton detected is consistent with that which might be expected for the decay of the ground state in 73Rb, allowing for the first measurement of the proton separation energy, Sp. This value is of considerable astrophysical interest since 73Rb is considered to be a waiting point in the rp process.
CommitmentSelection and Natural Regulatory T Cell A Signal Integration Model of Thymic

The extent of TCR self-reactivity is the basis for selection of a functional and self-tolerant T cell repertoire and is quantiﬁed by repeated engagement of TCRs with a diverse pool of self-peptides complexed with self-MHC molecules. The strength of a TCR signal depends on the binding properties of a TCR to the peptide and the MHC, but it is not clear how the speciﬁcity to both components drives fate decisions. In this study, we propose a TCR signal-integration model of thymic selection that describes how thymocytes decide among distinct fates, not only based on a single TCR–ligand interaction, but taking into account the TCR stimulation history. These fates are separated based on sustained accumulated signals for positive selection and transient peak signals for negative selection. This spans up the cells into a two-dimensional space where they are either neglected, positively selected, negatively selected, or selected as natural regulatory T cells (nTregs). We show that the dynamics of the integrated signal can serve as a successful basis for extracting speciﬁcity of thymocytes to MHC and detecting the existence of cognate self-peptide-MHC. It allows to select a self-MHC–biased and self-peptide–tolerant T cell repertoire. Furthermore, nTregs in the model are enriched with MHC-speciﬁc TCRs. This allows nTregs to be more sensitive to activation and more cross-reactive than conventional T cells. This study provides a mechanistic model showing that time integration of TCR-mediated signals, as opposed to single-cell interaction events, is needed to gain a full view on the properties emerging from thymic selection. The Journal of Immunology , 2014, 193: 000–000.
Inﬂuence of the Route of Infection on Development of T-Cell Receptor (cid:2) -Chain Repertoires of Reovirus-Speciﬁc Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

It is well established that the route of infection affects the nature of the adaptive immune response. However, little is known about the effects of the route of exposure on development of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Alternative antigen-presenting cell populations, tissue-restricted expression of class I major histo- compatibility complex-encoded molecules, and unique T-cell receptor (TCR)-bearing cells in mucosal tissues could inﬂuence the selection and expansion of responder T cells. This study addresses the question of whether the route of virus infection affects the selection and expansion of subpopulations of virus-speciﬁc CTLs. Mice were infected orally or in the hind footpads with reovirus, and the repertoires of TCR (cid:1) -chains expressed on virus-speciﬁc CD8 (cid:2) T cells in Peyer’s patches or lymph nodes and spleens were examined. CD8 (cid:2) cells expressing the variable gene segment of the TCR (cid:1) -chain 6 (V (cid:1) 6) expanded in the spleens of mice infected by either route and in CTL lines established from the spleens and draining lymphoid tissues. Adoptively trans- ferred V (cid:1) 6 (cid:2) CD8 (cid:2) T cells from orally or parenterally infected donors expanded in reovirus-infected severe combined immunodeﬁcient recipient mice and mediated cytotoxicity ex vivo. Furthermore, recovered V (cid:1) 6 (cid:2) cells were enriched for clones utilizing uniform complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) lengths. How- ever, sequencing of CDR3 (cid:1) regions from V (cid:1) 6 (cid:2) CD8 (cid:2) cells indicated that J (cid:1) gene segment usage is signiﬁcantly more restricted in CTLs from orally infected mice, suggesting that the route of infection affects selection and/or subsequent expansion of virus-speciﬁc CTLs.
Fully non-linear elliptic equations on compact Hermitian manifolds

We derive a priori estimates for solutions of a general class of fully non-linear equations on compact Hermitian manifolds. Our method is based on ideas that have been used for different specific equations, such as the complex Monge-Ampere, Hessian and inverse Hessian equations. As an application we solve a class of Hessian quotient equations on Kahler manifolds assuming the existence of a suitable subsolution. The method also applies to analogous equations on compact Riemannian manifolds.
Preservice mathematics students' notions of the concept definition of continuity in calculus through collaborative instructional design worksheets

Abstract The aim of this research was to develop second-year preservice mathematics students' advance notion of the concept definition of continuity of single-valued functions in differential calculus. The study is qualitative in that it reports on the cognitive processes during the construction of this concept of continuity of single-valued functions obtained from analysis of the structured worksheets. The students in this study specialise in the teaching of mathematics for the FET high school curriculum at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A two-tiered concurrent approach was attempted; one through student-collaborations and the other through instructional design worksheets, to develop sophisticated mathematical understandings of the concept definition of continuity. The effectiveness of both the student collaborative efforts and the specifically designed worksheets are also discussed in depth. The worksheets were structured sequentially, using graphical representations of examples and non-examples of continuous functions, to induce a deeper mathematical understanding of the concept of continuity. In this regard. the concept image and the concept definition with regard to a deeper understanding continuity in differential calculus were investigated within a Vygotskian paradigm. The findings of this study showed that preservice mathematics students demonstrated the ability to make use of mathematical symbols, oral and written mathematical language, visual or pictorial models and mental images to construct internal processes to develop an advanced mathematical sense of the concept of continuity of single-valued functions. On perceiving functions as mathematical entities, they could manipulate these entities. which were understood as a system of operations.