Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of acute and subacute oral toxicity induced by ethanol extract of Boletus griseipurpureus Corner in male mice: Blood parameters and histopathological studies

Boletus griseipurpureus Corner originated in the southern and northeastern regions of Thailand, including Narathiwat. It is traditionally consumed for its antioxidant, antibacterial, and gastrointestinal disorder treatment properties. However, there is a lack of toxicological safety studies available. This study aimed to investigate the toxicity of the ethanolic extract of B. griseipurpureus in male mice. Acute and subacute toxicity studies were conducted with different dosages of the extract. In the acute study, treated groups received a single oral dose of 2,000 mg/kg. In contrast, in the subacute study, animals received daily doses at various concentrations of 50, 300, and 2,000 mg/kg for 14 days. Throughout the experiments, signs of toxicity and mortality were observed. Blood and histopathological parameters were analyzed. No significant changes in signs or mortality were observed in any group. However, blood analysis revealed elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and creatinine. Hematological analysis showed decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. Liver histopathology showed mild inflammation, central vein congestion, pyknotic nuclei, and increased lipid droplets. Kidney sections exhibited glomerular congestion and tubular integrity loss. The study suggests an LD50 greater than 2,000 mg/kg, but moderate signs of toxicity were observed in the kidney and liver. Further studies on chronic exposure and active ingredients are needed to ensure long-term safety.
Clinical performance of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture lithium disilicate ceramic endocrown restorations: A 2-year study

Abstract Context: Optimal restoration methods for endodontically treated teeth (ETTs) have always remained an ongoing discussion among physicians in this day and age. ETTs have a tendency to fracture when chewing, compared to initial teeth. From the perspective of biology, preserving and restoring tooth structure is critical to maintaining biomechanical, functional, and esthetic harmony. Dental bonding techniques have lessened the necessity for post-and-core restorations in ETTs with severe substance loss. A minimally invasive endodontic restoration technique called “endocrown” was initially introduced by Bindl and Mörmann in 1999. Aims: The aim of the study was to clinically evaluate all-ceramic mandibular molar endocrowns made using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) following 2 years of follow-up. Subjects and Methods: This unblinded study contains 56 patients with 56 mandibular molars, which had severe substance loss. After teeth preparation, lithium disilicate ceramic endocrowns were manufactured with the CEREC CAD/CAM system, and cementation was performed using a composite luting agent. The endocrowns were assessed using the modified United States Public Health Service criteria at baseline, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years following placement. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using a questionnaire. Statistical Analysis Used: This study used descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, and 95% confidence intervals. Data were processed using STATA version 14.0 (StataCorp LLC, USA). Results: Two endocrowns (3.6%) failed throughout the period of observation. The high clinical rating criteria (96.4%, count of 54) and the increased satisfaction percentage (94.6%, count of 53) remained practically stable during the follow-up assessments at 6 months and after 1–2 years. Conclusions: Endocrown offers a less invasive treatment option that may be a better method for endodontically treated mandibular molars. With contemporary CAD/CAM technology and new materials, time in the chair and esthetics optimally improved, bringing satisfaction to the patient.
Anti-inflammatory ability of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root extract in cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme inhibition: In silico study

Background: Inflammation represents the body's natural response to injury, which can be induced by chemical, physical, or biological agents. Current approaches to managing inflammatory conditions involve addressing the primary etiological factors and administering anti-inflammatory medications like Nonsteroid Anti Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in inhibiting cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). However, data from 2021 reveals that 78.8% of patients experience gastritis as a side effect of such treatment. Licorice root extract (LRE)-an ayurvedic plants emerges as a promising alternative due to its potent anti-inflammatory properties attributed to the presence of glycyrrhizin, constituting between 2% to 25% of its dry weight. Objectives: To find out and determine the molecular inhibition of compound in LRE against COX-2 enzyme. Method: The process involves isolating the active constituents of LRE using pubchem and BioVia application, isolation active site of COX-2 by exploring RCSB PDB and isolate it using PyMol and engaging in molecular docking simulations using PyRx. Results and discussions: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) emerges as a pivotal enzymatic orchestrator intricately woven into the fabric of the inflammatory cascade. Licorice root extract stands at the forefront of prospective candidates in the realm of anti-inflammatory drug development, buoyed by its remarkable anti-inflammatory attributes. Regarding to ∆Gbind value, molecular docking tests show LRE compounds inhibit COX-2 better than arachidonic acid and mefenamic acid. Six LRE compounds outperform reference compounds, indicating potential anti-inflammatory capabilities. Other compounds show anti-inflammatory activity, and RMSD values affirm the accuracy of in silico predictions. Conclusion: LRE had potential as oral topical anti-inflammatory drugs through COX-2 inhibition with the best anti-inflammation ability is 18β‐glycyrrhetic acid.
Seasonal Variation of Mercury Methylation Potential in Pristine Coastal Marine Sediment from the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic Sea)

ABSTRACT The Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea) is considered as an important “natural bioreactor” that can be stimulated to increase sedimentary methylmercury (MeHg) production by mobilizing its extensive mercury (Hg) pool. Sediment samples, collected in the southern pristine, less contaminated, part of the gulf, were amended with radioactive 197Hg in incubation experiments to determine the seasonal variation of Hg methylation potential at two depth layers (surface 0–2 cm and subsurface 2–4 cm). In parallel, Hg and MeHg were determined in the sediment solid phase and pore water. Total Hg and MeHg in the sediment solid phase ranged between 151 and 223 ng g−1 and between 0.17 and 0.68 ng g−1, and in pore water between 3.1 and 25.6 ng L−1 and between 0.03 and 6.16 ng L−1. Distribution coefficients (Kd) suggested that Hg species are strongly bound to the sediment (log Kd 3.86–4.87 and 1.67–3.39 for Hg and MeHg, respectively). Hg methylation potentials showed that MeHg is continuously produced, albeit not at a constant rate. The methylation potential in the sediment surface layer was higher and more variable in autumn, in parallel to higher bottom water temperature and O2 content and sediment sulfate reduction, than in late spring and summer except in July in the presence of higher labile sedimentary organic matter (OM) level. Surface sediment showed rapid methylation of added traced Hg (0–0.66% day−1 Hg methylated). However, a significant fraction of the radiolabeled Hg remained available. In the subsurface sediment, methylation was lower (0–0.22% day−1 Hg methylated). Hg methylation potentials suggest that MeHg is continuously produced, albeit not at a constant rate, in the studied sediment of the Gulf of Trieste.
Drought forecasting model for future climate change effects in a regional catchment area in northern iraq

The hydrological model (SWAT) was calibrated and validated for 2001-2013 and 2014-2020, respectively. The performance of the swat model according to the four statistical parameters (i.e., coefficient of determination, Nash-Sutclife, Root mean square error to the standard deviation, and percent bias test) was classified as very good for two calibration and validation processes. Additionally, results showed that the mean temperature would probably rise by 1.3, 2.4, and 4.5°C under RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5 at the end of this century, respectively. At the end of the century, the simulated average annual precipitation decreased from 772 mm/y to 756.7 and 741.6 mm/y under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. In contrast, under the RCP2.6 scenario, the mean annual precipitation increased to 803 mm/year. As a result, the projected mean annual streamflow decreased from 501.52 m 3 /s to 429.7, 391.9, and 376.6 m 3 /s at the end of the century under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5, respectively. Finally, the study region will potentially face water shortage due to climate change, exacerbated by population growth and increased water demands from agriculture and municipalities. Therefore, this paper emphasizes the need for reevaluating and adapting to accommodate changing streamflow patterns, ensuring a sustainable water supply for human needs while protecting the environment.
Study of 220Rn and its Progeny Circulation in a Test Room

Data for 220Rn in indoor and industrial environments are limited since it is widely accepted that its concentrations are meager on account of its diminutive half life, so its participation to respiration dose is disregarded on account of the incidence of considerable sources of ambient radiation. An effective dose from indoor 222Rn and its half springs accounts for almost half to the sources of natural radiation. However, indoor studies carried out in Asian continent imply the dose intake from 222Rn and its progeny may not be much lower than, or possibly more than, that from 220Rn. In light of this, an effort has been made to track Bangalore, India's 220Rn level distribution. Dosimeters were positioned throughout the room at fixed intervals from the wall, ceiling, and floor. To analyze the variances with respect to distance, all windows and doors were shut for 90 days. Additionally, dosimeters were placed in an upper and lower parabolic configuration. Cellulose Nitrate based Nuclear Track Detector (SSNTD) was used to examine the 220Rn coupled with 222Rn in test room. Higher concentrations were seen when the detector was moved away from the walls, ceiling, and floors of the room. This study covers the technical aspects of measuring the 220Rn distribution in a room. The findings are contrasted with figures provided in the literature for residences and regions with high background radiation levels.
Anatomical Dimensions and Types of the Anterior Clinoid Process in Libyan population by Using Computed Tomography: A cross Sectional Study

The anterior clinoid process (ACP) has a complex anatomical feature and surrounded by important structures which may complicate the surgical procedures during the anterior clinoidectomy. Our objective was to measure dimensions of anterior clinoid process, and to determine variations of its types. Forty-nine of cranial computed tomography scans were performed from adult Libyan patients on routine examination of paranasal sinus at Benghazi Medical Center between February 1, 2023, and April 14, 2023. The right and left ACP length and the base width were measured on the axial CT images. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23. The means and standard deviations were calculated. The paired Student’s t test was used to determine the statistically significant differences in means between the right and left ACP. (P ≤ 0.05) was considered statistically significant at (95%) confidence interval. The length of the right and left ACPs were 11.2 ± 2.2 mm and 11.6 ± 2.4mm, respectively. The width of the right and left ACPs were 5.37± 1.22 mm and 5.42 ± 1.24mm, respectively. Type 2 anterior clinoid process was the commonest (75.5 %) while type 1 was the least common (4.1 %). There was no statistically significant difference between right and left sided measurements. Our study outcomes may be helpful for pre-operative planning. Presence of any variations may result in unnecessary injury to the complicated surgical procedures that involve removal of ACPs. Further research studies required with large sample size of population will give well understanding about the parameter of ACPs.
Effectiveness of Mckenzie Exercises Versus Neural Flossing Technique in Patients with Lumbar Radiculopathy

Background: Lumbar radiculopathy is a term used to describe a range of symptoms that includes pain, tingling,numbness, and weakness that spreads along the pathway of the sciatic nerve. This condition can arise when any ofthe five sciatic spinal nerve roots become compressed or irritated, affecting one or both lower limbs.Purpose: The study is to compare the effectiveness of McKenzie exercises and the neural flossing technique inmanaging lumbar radiculopathy in patients.Methodology: The study recruited 40 participants with lumbar radiculopathy, randomly allocating them to GroupA (McKenzie exercises along with laser therapy) and Group B (neural flossing with low-level laser therapy). Themodified Oswestry Disability Index and Numeric Pain Rating Scale were used to assess outcomes.Results: The results showed that the neural flossing technique (Group B) demonstrated statistically significantimprovements in reducing pain and improving function compared to the McKenzie exercises (Group A) posttreatment.Group B had significantly lower NPRS scores (p < 0.0001) and a higher improvement in MODI scorescompared to Group A.Conclusion: In this study, the neural flossing technique (Group B) showed superior outcomes in managing lumbarradiculopathy compared to McKenzie exercises (Group A). Group B exhibited significantly lower pain levels andgreater improvement in functional disability. These findings suggest that the neural flossing technique may be amore effective treatment option for patients with lumbar radiculopathy.
miR-26a-5p Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy through the USP14/NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Purpose Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an ocular disease caused by diabetes and may lead to vision impairment and even blindness. Oxidative stress and inflammation are two key pathogenic factors of DR. Recently, regulatory roles of different microRNAs (miRNAs) in DR have been widely verified. miR-26a-5p has been confirmed to be a potential biomarker of DR. Nevertheless, the specific functions of miR-26a-5p in DR are still unclear. Methods Primary cultured mouse retinal Müller cells in exposure to high glucose (HG) were used to establish an in vitro DR model. Müller cells were identified via morphology observation under phase contrast microscope and fluorescence staining for glutamine synthetase. The in vivo animal models for DR were constructed using streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Western blotting was performed to quantify cytochrome c protein level in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of Müller cells and to measure protein levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin-specific peptidase 14 (USP14), as well as factors associated with NF-κB signaling (p-IκBα, IκBα, p-p65, and p65) in Müller cells or murine retinal tissues. ROS production was detected by CM-H2DCFDA staining, and the concentration of oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD, and CAT) was estimated by using corresponding commercial kits. Quantification of mRNA expression was conducted by RT-qPCR analysis. The concentration of proinflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) was evaluated by ELISA. Hematoxylin-eosin staining for murine retinal tissues was performed for histopathological analysis. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to determine NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation in Müller cells. Furthermore, the interaction between miR-26a-5p and USP14 was verified via the luciferase reporter assays. Results HG stimulation contributed to Müller cell dysfunction by inducing inflammation, oxidative injury, and mitochondrial damage to Müller cells. miR-26a-5p was downregulated in Müller cells under HG condition, and overexpression of miR-26a-5p relieved HG-induced Müller cell dysfunction. Moreover, miR-26a-5p targeted USP14 and inversely regulated USP14 expression. Additionally, HG-evoked activation of NF-κB signaling was suppressed by USP14 knockdown or miR-26a-5p upregulation. Rescue assays showed that the protective impact of miR-26a-5p upregulation against HG-induced Müller cell dysfunction was reversed by USP14 overexpression. Furthermore, USP14 upregulation and activation of NF-κB signaling in the retinas of DR mice were detected in animal experiments. Injection with miR-26a-5p agomir improved retinal histopathological injury and weakened the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers in the retinas of DR mice. Conclusion miR-26a-5p inhibits oxidative stress and inflammation in DR progression by targeting USP14 and inactivating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Metformin Alleviates Pain States by Regulating the Balance of Spinal Synaptic Transmission.

BACKGROUND Metformin has been shown to have potent analgesic effects; however, the underlying mechanism of synaptic plasticity mediating analgesia remained ambiguous. METHODS In this study, animal behavioral tests, whole-cell patch‑clamp recording, immunofluorescence staining, and network pharmacology techniques were applied to elucidate the mechanisms and potential targets of metformin-induced analgesia. RESULTS Single or consecutive injections of metformin significantly inhibited spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced neuropathic pain, and formalin-induced acute inflammatory pain. Network pharmacology analysis of metformin action targets in pain database-related targets revealed 25 targets, including five hub targets (nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1), NOS2, NOS3, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and plasminogen (PLG)). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis demonstrated that metformin-induced analgesia was markedly correlated with calcium signaling and synaptic transmission. Intrathecal injection of metformin significantly reversed nerve injury-induced c-Fos (neural activity biomarker) mRNA and protein expression in neuropathic rats by regulating NOS2 expression. In addition, whole-cell recordings of isolated spinal neurons demonstrated that metformin dose-dependently inhibited the enhanced frequency and amplitude of miniature excitatory synaptic currents (mEPSCs) but did not affect those of miniature inhibitory synaptic currents (mIPSCs) in neuropathic pain. CONCLUSIONS This study further demonstrated that metformin might inhibit spinal glutamatergic transmission and abnormal nociceptive circuit transduction by monitoring synaptic transmission in pain. Results of this work provide an in-depth understanding of metformin analgesia via synaptic plasticity.
Effets de la privation des apports annuels de litière sur les collemboles symphypléones épigés d'une forêt sur rendzine

La privation des apports annuels de litiere dans une chenaie-charnaie sur mull calcique a amene une regression de la strate herbacee, puis un developpement d'une strate discontinue de mousses filamenteuses. La communaute des collemboles symphypleones epiges a reagi par : une diminution passagere de la dominance de l'espece la plus abondante suivie d'une reprise accrue de celle-ci ; une diminution de la biomasse globale par une reduction des effectifs des especes de grande taille, la disparition quasi totale d'une espece de grande taille remplacee par une espece congenerique plus petite, une diminution des effectifs des classes de grande taille de l'espece dominante
Cement Stratigraphy and the Demise of the Early-Middle Miocene Carbonate Platform on the Marion Plateau

The Marion Plateau is a major carbonate province in northeastern Australia. This plateau has several shallow-water platforms, most of which have been drowned so that they now lie in more than 400 m of water and have been buried by a thin cover of hemipelagic sediments. The oldest of these drowned platforms was drilled during Leg 133, and here we report the diagenetic history of this platform and use cement stratigraphy to examine the cause and timing of its demise. The diagenetic history of the early to middle Miocene age platform shows an initial shallow-marine phreatic phase of cementation, followed by meteoric diagenesis, which in turn is followed by dolomitization and/or a deep marine phase of cementation. Cavity-filling, datable hemipelagic sediments enable us to place the cement stratigraphy in an absolute time frame. The demise of the platform was caused by exposure for up to 7 m.y. because of a relative decrease in sea level during the late middle to late late Miocene.
The Art of Latency Hiding in Modern Database Engines

Modern database engines must well use multicore CPUs, large main memory and fast storage devices to achieve high performance. A common theme is hiding latencies such that more CPU cycles can be dedicated to "real" work, improving overall throughput. Yet existing systems are only able to mitigate the impact of individual latencies, e.g., by interleaving memory accesses with computation to hide CPU cache misses. They still lack the joint optimization of hiding the impact of multiple latency sources. This paper presents MosaicDB, a set of latency-hiding techniques to solve this problem. With stackless coroutines and carefully crafted scheduling policies, we explore how I/O and synchronization latencies can be hidden in a well-crafted OLTP engine that already hides memory access latency, without hurting the performance of memory-resident workloads. MosaicDB also avoids oversubscription and reduces contention using the coroutine-to-transaction paradigm. Our evaluation shows MosaicDB can achieve these goals and up to 33x speedup over prior state-of-the-art.
Diagenetic disturbances of marine sedimentary records from methane‐influenced environments in the Fram Strait as indications of variation in seep intensity during the last 35 000 years

The effect of seeping of methane on marine sediment records has been studied in four gravity cores from Vestnesa Ridge, Svalbard margin. The area shows acoustic signs in the form of flares indicating active methane gas seepage. For a better understanding of the timing and variability of the flux of methane in the past and the effects on potential proxies, a detailed study of the diagenetic processes that may affect the composition and structure of both sediments and foraminiferal shells is needed. Here we discuss deep‐sea records from methane‐influenced environments in three cores from an active and very heterogeneous seep‐area (pockmark) and one core from outside the pockmark for background. The results include the distribution and stable isotopes of authigenic carbonates and of benthic and planktonic foraminifera, magnetic susceptibility, AMS‐14C dates, sedimentary data and biostratigraphy. Extremely low δ13C values recorded in both benthic and planktonic foraminifera during the Bølling‐Allerød interstadials indicate possible increased methane flux beginning at late Heinrich event H1. The recorded low values are mainly a result of diagenetic overprint by methane‐derived authigenic carbonates. The δ18O signals of authigenic carbonates are close to those of foraminiferal calcite and thus the δ18O records remain a valid stratigraphical tool in methane seep sites, except in the case of severely encrusted samples. In addition, the records from the active pockmark show nearly constant values of low magnetic susceptibility in contrast to higher and more variable magnetic susceptibility values from the control station and other published records from normal sediments west of Svalbard. This phenomenon is probably caused by dissolution of magnetic minerals in the reducing environmental conditions of methane seep sediments, associated with anaerobic oxidation of methane and formation of paramagnetic minerals (pyrite). This process enables magnetic susceptibility to be used as a common diagnostic tool for identifying methane‐related palaeo‐reductive environments.