Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abelisauroidea (Theropoda, Dinosauria) from Africa: a review of the fossil record

The Continental African abelisauroid theropod dinosaur fossil record from the Jurassic-Cretaceous periods is becoming increasingly better understood, and offers great insight into the evolution and biogeography of this long-lived group of carnivores. Abelisauroidea is among the most familiar groups of theropod dinosaurs from Gondwana, with fossil records in South America, Australia, India and Africa, along with Europe. The objective of the present study is to review the fossil record of abelisauroids in continental Africa. Based on the literature and records from the online databases “The Paleobiology Database” and “The Theropod Database”, we review the distribution of these theropods in Africa and comment on their evolution. The African continent is a major region of importance when it comes to 26 Abelisauroidea fossil findings, including records of both major subdivisions of the clade: the Abelisauridae and Noasauridae families. The oldest Abelisauroidea fossil record found in Africa dates from the Late Jurassic, while the final records date from the end of the Cretaceous. This indicates that clade was the longest surviving lineage of the large theropods of Africa, and they filled a variety of ecological roles, including apex predators, at the end of the Cretaceous, when tyrannosaurids occupied similar niches in the northern continents.
ANALISIS KINERJA REKSADANA KONVENSIONAL DAN REKSADANA SYARIAH UNTUK KEPUTUSAN INVESTASI INVESTOR

The purpose of his research are to know, describe and analyze the performance of comparisoon between conventional mutual fund and sharia mutual fund for investor’s investment decision based on Sharpe, Treynor, Jensen and growth of AUM (Asset Under Management). The object for this research is conventional share mutual fund, sharia share mutual fund, conventional fixed income mutual funds and sharia fixed income mutual funds. This research uses Nav data (Net Asset Value) from 2015 until 2017 with sample number 52 mutual fund which have been selected by Purposive Sampling method. This research uses the data analysis is statistical analysis in the form of average difference test using independent sample t-test method. The result of this research is no difference in analysis conventional mutual fund and Shariah mutual fund performance using Sharpe method and AUM (Asset Under Management) and have differences in analysis conventional mutual fund and Shariah mutual fund using Treynor and Jensen method.
The relaxed Einstein equations in the context of a mixed UV-IR modified theory of gravity

In this article we will modify the Einstein field equations by promoting Newton’s constant G to a covariant differential operator GΛ(□g) composed of two terms which operate in different energy regimes (IR and UV). The IR term inside the covariant differential operator acts like a high-pass filter with a macroscopic distance filter scale Λ and effectively degravitates energy sources characterized by wavelengths larger than the filter scale. While this term is predominant for cosmological energy processes it is almost inessential on astrophysical scales where the UV contribution inside GΛ(□g) leads to much stronger deviations compared to GR. In the context of this particular theory of gravity we work out the effective relaxed Einstein equations, the effective 1.5 post-Newtonian near zone mass for n-body systems as well as the IR and UV modified Schwarzschild metrics. We use these results in the context of the Double Pulsar binary system and observe that we recover, in the limit of vanishing UV-IR modification parameters, the corresponding general relativistic results.
How to Characterize Habitable Worlds and Signs of Life

The detection of exoplanets orbiting other stars has revolutionized our view of the cosmos. First results suggest that it is teeming with a fascinating diversity of rocky planets, including those in the habitable zone. Even our closest star, Proxima Centauri, harbors a small planet in its habitable zone, Proxima b. With the next generation of telescopes, we will be able to peer into the atmospheres of rocky planets and get a glimpse into other worlds. Using our own planet and its wide range of biota as a Rosetta stone, we explore how we could detect habitability and signs of life on exoplanets over interstellar distances. Current telescopes are not yet powerful enough to characterize habitable exoplanets, but the next generation of telescopes that is already being built will have the capabilities to characterize close-by habitable worlds. The discussion on what makes a planet a habitat and how to detect signs of life is lively. This review will show the latest results, the challenges of how to identify an.
Electronic structure and magnetism of epitaxial Ni–Mn–Ga(-Co) thin films with partial disorder: a view across the phase transition

The influence of Co-doping in off-stoichiometric Ni–Mn–Ga and Ni–Mn–Ga–Co thin films on the magnetic coupling of the atoms is investigated with x-ray magnetic circular dichroism in both the martensitic as well as austenitic phase, respectively. Additionally, first principles calculations were performed to compare the experimentally obtained absorption spectra with theoretical predictions. Calculated exchange constants and density of states for the different atomic sites underline the large influence of chemical and magnetic order on the magnetocaloric properties of the material.
Relationship between baseline and changed serum uric acid and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a national cohort study

Objective To explore the correlation between baseline serum uric acid (SUA) and SUA changes with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among middle-aged and older individuals. Method Binary logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the effects of baseline and changes in SUA on the incidence of T2DM. Stratified analysis was conducted based on sex, and the SUA levels were classified into four quartiles to assess the effect of baseline and relative changes in SUA on the incidence of T2DM. Furthermore, interaction analysis was performed between body mass index (BMI) and SUA, age and SUA, and sex and SUA. Results In the cohort study, the highest quartiles of SUA were significantly correlated with an increased incidence of T2DM among females in model 1 [OR = 2.231 (1.631, 3.050)], model 2 [OR = 2.090 (1.523, 2.867)], model 3 [OR = 2.075 (1.511, 2.849)], and model 4 [OR = 1.707 (1.234, 2.362)]. The highest quartiles of SUA had a statistically significant effect on the incidence of T2DM among all participants in model 1 [OR = 1.601 (1.277, 2.008)], model 2 [OR = 1.519 (1.204, 1.915)], model 3 [OR = 1.597 (1.257, 2.027)], and model 4 [OR = 1.380 (1.083, 1.760)]. Regarding the relative change of SUA, the highest quantiles of SUA were significantly correlated with an increased incidence of T2DM among females in model 1 [OR = 1.409 (1.050, 1.890)], model 2 [OR = 1.433 (1.067, 1.926)], and model 3 [OR = 1.420 (1.056, 1.910)], and there was a statistically significant correlation with incident T2DM among all participants in model 4 [OR = 1.346 (1.079, 1.680)] after adjusting for all covariates. However, there was no significant correlation between baseline, relative, and absolute changes in SUA and the incidence of T2DM among males. The interaction analysis demonstrated that sex, BMI, and the relative changes in SUA had a combined effect on the incidence of T2DM, while age and the changes in SUA had a joint effect on the incidence of T2DM only in females. Conclusion There was a positive association between SUA and the incidence of T2DM for all participants. However, significant sex differences in incidence were observed only in women, not men.
Three‐Moment Representation of Rain in a Bulk Microphysics Model

A bulk three‐moment representation for rain microphysics is developed and implemented in the Predicted Particle Properties (P3) microphysics scheme. In addition, a new parameterization for rain self‐collection and collisional breakup (RSCB) is presented using a lookup table approach, based on the Spectral‐Bin Model (SBM). To quantify the impacts of sedimentation, evaporation, and RSCB on drop size distributions (DSDs), a rain shaft model is applied to a wide range of atmospheric scenarios (i.e., initial conditions and regimes) and compared against results from the SBM. DSD shapes are mainly determined by both sedimentation and evaporation, except in heavy rain where the impact of RSCB on DSD shape becomes more important than evaporation. The new parameterization for RSCB has a considerable impact on the mean drop size, improving the agreement between P3 and SBM. Only 4% of the original two‐moment rainshaft simulations have mean drop sizes and rain rates within ±20% of the SBM results, but this increases to more than 95% agreement when the three‐moment rain representation is used together with the new parameterization for RSCB. Generally, the improvement is more significant for heavy rain than for light drizzle. Remaining differences between bin and bulk model are attributable to treatments of evaporation, and the restriction to gamma DSDs in P3.
Psychosocial ergonomics of the workplace of medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic in three risk’s dimensions: working hours, violence and the use of psychoactive drugs—a prospective pilot study

Introduction Workplace ergonomics should also be considered in the context of psychosocial factors affecting the worker, which have a real impact on occupational risk. The present study examined psychosocial risk factors in medical personnel in three domains: working hours, violence and substance abuse. Methods The purpose of the present study is to assess the current state of psychosocial ergonomics of medical personnels by measuring occupational risks in the domains of: working hours, violence and psychoactive substance abuse. The survey is consisted of two parts: socio-demographic information of participants and participants’ assements of psychosocial risk factors. Results In more than half of the respondents (52%), increased risk was identified in the domain of working hours. Nearly half of the respondents (49.6%) have an identified high risk in the domain of violence, and more than half of the respondents (52%) are at high risk in the domain of psychoactive substance abuse. Discussion Our findings show that the present psychosocial ergonomics of the Polish health system must be improved. The COVID-19 pandemic has been a compelling test to assess the current state. Our findings highlighted the fact that HCWs often worked overtime and that many cases of workplace violence and substance abuse were reported.
Mathematics teachers' TPACK in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic based on demographic factors

The problem and the aim of the study. TPACK is a framework that can provide instructions for teachers to solve problems related to integrating technology into teaching and learning activities. This research was carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic when learning was online. This condition is something new for some teachers in Indonesia, so this study aims to analyze the TPACK perceptions of mathematics teachers in online learning based on demographic factors (gender, age, and teaching experience) and to determine the effect of demographic factors on TPACK perceptions. Research methods. This research is a survey research with a cross-sectional survey approach. Data were collected using a questionnaire from 74 mathematics teachers in Yogyakarta Province in the odd semester of the 2021-2022 academic year and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results. To determine whether there is a difference between groups on the dependent variable, it is seen from the value (sig) obtained compared to the significance level (α = 0.05). Teacher gender affects TK (sig. 0.010), TCK (sig. 0.003), TPK (sig. 0.004), and TPACK (sig. 0.042). Male mathematics teachers have better perceptions than female teachers in all aspects of technology. Based on age, teachers aged 21-30 years have better perceptions than teachers aged more than 40 years in TK (sig. 0.042), teachers aged more than 40 years have better perceptions than teachers aged 31-40 years in CK (sig. 0.003), teachers over 40 years of age have better perceptions than teachers aged 21-30 years on PK (sig. 0.000) and PCK (sig. 0.013). Based on teaching experience, teachers with more than 20 years of teaching experience have better perceptions of CK (sig. 0.003), PK (sig. 0.001) and PCK (sig. 0.003) than other teachers. In conclusion, gender and age affect aspects of technology, and age and teaching experience also affect aspects of pedagogy and content. From these findings, policymakers can formulate a training program to accommodate female teachers and senior teachers related to increasing mastery of technology and young teachers related to increasing pedagogical abilities and content.
An overview on the microstructure and properties of Fe/Ti based dissimilar joints

ABSTRACT Joining of Ti and Fe-based alloys is challenging due to the formation of deleterious phases at the interface. Since fusion welding is unsuitable for the purpose, over the years, many solid-state welding techniques have been tried. This review provides a comparison of different solid-state joining methods used for Fe/Ti alloys with focus on the structural transformations in base materials, effect of process parameters on interface microstructure, its evolution and kinetics with thermal aging and structure–property correlation. Structural transformations in diffusion couples (near-equilibrium condition) are compared with those in weldments and a perspective is provided on the role of defects and alloying additions in enhancing/retarding reaction zone formation under both equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions.
Flexible FPGA 1D DCT hardware architecture for HEVC

In this work, we propose a flexible 1D DCT hardware design with a constant throughput of 32 pixels per cycle for all transform block (TB) size modes. The design supports all TB sizes defined in the HEVC standard. Flexibility is achieved by multiplexing only the outputs, which results in lower data path delays compared to other proposed designs. Also, the additional partial butterfly units are transferred to the output of transformation cores. The transformation operation is done in a single stage to minimize the latency of the design and reduce hardware usage. The highly parallel input reduces the need for a very high operational frequency, which is suitable for low-power FPGA designs. Four different reusable transformation cores are used that are designed using parallel Multiple Constant Multiplication (MCM) units to further reduce the calculation time. The design was implemented on the Virtex UltraScale + device. The implementation has hardware usage of 21,818 LUTs, and it can reach the maximal throughput of 4.90 Gsps at the working frequency of 153 MHz which is enough to support the video resolutions of up to 8192 × 4320@60fps. Comparison with the other works shows that DCT FPGA implementation without DSPs can reach the performance of the ASICs with trade-offs in power consumption.
Studies on the Application of the 3D Ellipsoidal Cathode Laser Pulses at PITZ

The Photo Injector Test facility at DESY, Zeuthen Site (PITZ) characterizes and optimizes high brightness electron sources for FLASH and the European XFEL. At nominal conditions the electron bunches are created from a photocathode laser of flat-top temporal distribution with sharp rise and fall times. Beam dynamics simulations using a 3D ellipsoidal cathode laser shape at PITZ yielded to a significant improvement of the electron beam quality compared to the traditionally used cylindrically shaped beams. The 3D ellipsoidal laser system is under development at the Institute of Applied Physics (IAP) and will be used at PITZ soon, to create high quality electron beams. The recent studies of electron beam simulations at PITZ have been devoted to the position optimization of the second accelerating cavity for the 3D ellipsoidal laser profile. Electron beam properties were compared for cylindrical and 3D ellipsoidal beams applying default and optimized booster positions. Beam tolerance studies revealed much better injector performance for the 3D ellipsoidal laser profile case with the optimized booster position. The outcome of such investigations is presented and discussed in this contribution.
Consciousness and its hard problems: separating the ontological from the evolutionary

Few of the many theories devised to account for consciousness are explicit about the role they ascribe to evolution, and a significant fraction, by their silence on the subject, treat evolutionary processes as being, in effect, irrelevant. This is a problem for biological realists trying to assess the applicability of competing theories of consciousness to taxa other than our own, and across evolutionary time. Here, as an aid to investigating such questions, a consciousness “machine” is employed as conceptual device for thinking about the different ways ontology and evolution contribute to the emergence of a consciousness composed of distinguishable contents. A key issue is the nature of the evolutionary innovations required for any kind of consciousness to exist, specifically whether this is due to the underappreciated properties of electromagnetic (EM) field effects, as in neurophysical theories, or, for theories where there is no such requirement, including computational and some higher-order theories (here, as a class, algorithmic theories), neural connectivity and the pattern of information flow that connectivity encodes are considered a sufficient explanation for consciousness. In addition, for consciousness to evolve in a non-random way, there must be a link between emerging consciousness and behavior. For the neurophysical case, an EM field-based scenario shows that distinct contents can be produced in the absence of an ability to consciously control action, i.e., without agency. This begs the question of how agency is acquired, which from this analysis would appear to be less of an evolutionary question than a developmental one. Recasting the problem in developmental terms highlights the importance of real-time feedback mechanisms for transferring agency from evolution to the individual, the implication being, for a significant subset of theories, that agency requires a learning process repeated once in each generation. For that subset of theories the question of how an evolved consciousness can exist will then have two components, of accounting for conscious experience as a phenomenon on the one hand, and agency on the other. This reduces one large problem to two, simplifying the task of investigation and providing what may prove an easier route toward their solution.
Mycosis Fungoides Exhibits the Features of Skin Tags: A Case Report

Abstract We present the case of a 37-year-old male diagnosed with Mycosis fungoides (MF) after gradually developing multiple skin tags and brownish lichenoid papules. The patient had pre-existing erythema over his entire body, especially his face, upper extremities, and trunk, for over 1.5 years. Microscopic examination of the papule and the skin tag (ST) exhibited similar features mainly characterized by superficial dense band-like lymphoid infiltrates and epidermotropism of atypical lymphocytes (Pautrier’s micro-abscesses). Immunohistochemistry further revealed the lymphoid infiltrates predominantly expressed LCA, CD3, CD4, and CD45RO but lacked CD7, CD8, CD30, CD20, and CD79a. The finding of this study that reports MF characterized by unusual STs suggests that some causes and effects have not been previously described in MF.
The Effect Of The Use Of Crossword Puzzle Media On Students' Vocabulary Mastery

The kids' vocabulary prevented them from fully mastering the four pillars of English language proficiency. As a result, it was decided to investigate "The Effect of Crossword Media on Students' Vocabulary Acquisition and Oral Communication. " To improve their English, students can look into ways to expand their vocabulary and practice public speaking. After giving some thought to a number of potential approaches to the classroom, the author settled on using crossword puzzles as a means of fostering student growth in these areas. The objectives of this study were to: (1) give a general overview of how crossword puzzles can aid in vocabulary development and retention; (2) offer suggestions for future research; and (3) describe how crossword puzzle-containing media influences students' capacity to learn new words. After information was gathered via a questionnaire, quantitative data analysis was done. A representative sample of SMPIT Bait Et-Tauhied students participated in the study. We sent a questionnaire with 20 distinct sets of statements to 30 students in order to conduct the study. The results demonstrate that a crossword puzzle significantly affects students' understanding and use of va because the validity test of the test with the calculated R value is greater than the R table, demonstrating the validity of the 20 questions completed by the respondents. Additionally, the reliability test using Croanbach alpha demonstrates very reliability, and the case processing summary demonstrates that the number of respondents when filling out the questionnaire is not lost or broken.
Using social exchange theory to examine residents’ responses to heritage tourism: case studies of Samarqand and Bukhara in Uzbekistan

ABSTRACT There have been numerous studies of the impact of tourism on local communities. This qualitative study uses social exchange theory to examine tourism’s effects on local communities in Samarqand and Bukhara. These are World Heritage Sites (WHS) along the ancient Silk Road that have been strongly affected by the recent growth of tourism in Uzbekistan. Our findings highlight the significant role played by perceptions of an aspect of intangible cultural heritage (ICH), the concept of hospitality, shared by both tourists and residents. This positive shared perception encourages support for tourism development among residents. This finding thus points to the need to find ways to align tourism development strategies with residents’ own perception of their cultural values.
Often Trusted but Never (Properly) Tested: Evaluating Qualitative Comparative Analysis

To date, hundreds of researchers have employed the method of Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) for the purpose of causal inference. In a recent series of simulation studies, however, several authors have questioned the correctness of QCA in this connection. Some prominent representatives of the method have replied in turn that simulations with artificial data are unsuited for assessing QCA. We take issue with either position in this impasse. On the one hand, we argue that data-driven evaluations of the correctness of a procedure of causal inference require artificial data. On the other hand, we prove all previous attempts in this direction to have been defective. For the first time in the literature on configurational comparative methods, we lay out a set of formal criteria for an adequate evaluation of QCA before implementing a battery of inverse-search trials to test how this method performs in different recovery contexts according to these criteria. While our results indicate that QCA is correct when generating the parsimonious solution type, they also demonstrate that the method is incorrect when generating the conservative and intermediate solution type. In consequence, researchers using QCA for causal inference, particularly in human-sensitive areas such as public health and medicine, should immediately discontinue employing the method’s conservative and intermediate search strategies.