Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Background The Outcomes of Depression International Network (ODIN) trial evaluated the effectoftwo psychological interventions for the treatmentof depression inprimarycare. Only abouthalf of the patients inthe treatment armcompliedwiththe offerof

Declaration of interest None. Fundingdetailed in Acknowledgements. Paper acceptedwhen G.W. was Editorof the Journal. Mr Jones has come to the general practitioner’s clinic complaining of symptoms of depression. An obvious question for the general practitioner to ask herself is: ‘If I were to offer psychological treatment to Mr Jones, would he benefit from the receipt of this treatment? ’ What can the results of a randomised controlled trial, particularly intention-to-treat (ITT) estimates of treatment effects, tell the general practitioner about the answer to this question? A conventional ITT effect estimate, at best, might provide a good answer to a question of the form ‘If I were to offer psychological treatment to Mr Jones, by how much would he benefit from the offer? ’ Even if there are no problems in generalising from the results of a randomised controlled trial, the answer to this question is only the same as that to the former question if there is complete take-up of the offer of treatment. That is, the ITT estimate of a treatment effect is a valid estimate of the receipt of treatment only if there is 100% acceptance of the treatment in the randomly selected group offered it and if none of those who are randomly allocated to be the controls get access to the treatment. But most real trials in this field are not like that. If we are really interested in assessing the size of the benefit of receipt of treatment, as opposed to merely the offer of it, then our statistical analysis needs to proceed beyond ITT. Using the phrase of Heckman et al (1998), we need to estimate ‘the effect of treatment on the treated’. Newcombe (1988) refers to an ‘explanatory’ estimate of a treatment effect as opposed to the more familiar ‘pragmatic’ (or ITT) estimate. The purpose of the present paper is to use the results of the Outcomes of Depression International Network (ODIN) trial (Dowrick et al, 2000) to illustrate how this might be done.
A LC/MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of free and masked fumonisins in maize and maize-based products

An LC-ESI-MS/MS method for the simultaneous detection of the main fumonisins and their hydrolysed derivatives is described, allowing for a simplified sample preparation without previous clean up. The method has a very low quantification limit (10 µg/kg for FB1, 12 µg/kg for FB2 and FB3, 70 µg/kg for HFB1, HFB2 and HFB3 in maize flour) and a very good recovery for all the analytes. The method has been applied to check several maize-based foods for the presence of free and bound forms of fumonisins, the latter being determined after alkaline hydrolysis as hydrolysed derivatives. Bound fumonisins were found to be present not only in thermally treated maize-based products but also in mild processed or even raw products (pasta, bread, cakes, crisps, flour) and they were always present in almost similar or even higher amounts than the free forms. Osborne fractions of maize proteins showed that fumonisins were particularly bound to prolamins and glutelins. Model systems and extracts of these protein fractions ga.
Women in Management in STEM: Which Factors Influence the Achievement of Leadership Positions?

Efforts to inspire women to enter a STEM-related profession continue to increase. However, even though many women are now working in these male-dominated professions, they are not always successful in progressing into leadership positions. This is especially the case in higher management positions, where women are confronted with gender-specific barriers. We discuss here some of the factors that can increase the probability of women’s career progression in their profession. This study examines the individual factors that favour the career development of women in STEM, even though individual factors are socially mediated. Our main research question is: which factors influence the achievement of leadership positions for women in STEM? We developed an online survey addressing several professional associations in three STEM fields to answer this question. Logistic regression factors were used to predict these women’s achievement of leadership positions. Significant effects are noted in the women’s work motivation, career orientation and area of expertise. Positive influencing factors include high intrinsic work motivation, orientation towards general management and autonomy. Women who work in architecture (which in Germany is considered a STEM field) are more likely to achieve a leadership position than women in computing or engineering. Our findings show that children are not an obstacle to a woman’s career path in the STEM professions and that male role models are a beneficial factor to women who seek to reach leadership positions.
Prediction of daily milk fat and protein content using alternating (AT) recording scheme

A possible introduction of AT recording scheme instead of the currently used reference A4 method was studied on twelve farms in Slovenia. During the usual production control, milk yields were recorded for the evening (PM) and morning (AM) milking. e correlations between AM, PM and daily measurements were cal- culated and the equations for the evaluation of daily content of milk fat and proteins were tested. All the observed phenotypic correlations were significant, ranging from 0.578 (PM - AM) for fat and 0.987 (DPC - PM) for pro - tein content. Coefficient of determination ( R 2 ) for fat content ranged between 78.83% and 81.35% for PM, and 69.26% and 73.73% for AM for the tested models. For protein content, R 2 ranged from 97.47% to 97.65% for PM and 95.48% to 95.74% for AM. e differences between models were small and insignificant. However, the complex models reduced bias in extreme values.
A Type-directed Operational Semantics Approach

Calculi with disjoint intersection types support a symmetric merge operator with subtyping. The merge operator generalizes record concatenation to any type, enabling expressive forms of object composition, and simple solutions to hard modularity problems. Unfortunately, recent calculi with disjoint intersection types and the merge operator lack a (direct) operational semantics with expected properties such as determinism and subject reduction, and only account for terminating programs. This paper proposes a type-directed operational semantics (TDOS) for calculi with intersection types and a merge operator. We study two variants of calculi in the literature. The first calculus, called λi, is a variant of a calculus presented by Oliveira et al. (2016) and closely related to another calculus by Dunfield (2014). Although Dunfield proposes a direct small-step semantics for her calculus, her semantics lacks both determinism and subject reduction. Using our TDOS we obtain a direct semantics for λi that has both properties. The second calculus, called λi , employs the well-known subtyping relation of Barendregt, Coppo and Dezani-Ciancaglini (BCD). Therefore, λi extends the more basic subtyping relation of λi, and also adds support for record types and nested composition (which enables recursive composition of merged components). To fully obtain determinism, both λi and λi employ a disjointness restriction proposed in the original λi calculus. As an added benefit the TDOS approach deals with recursion in a straightforward way, unlike previous calculi with disjoint intersection types where recursion is problematic. We relate the static and dynamic semantics of λi to the original version of the calculus and the calculus by Dunfield. Furthermore, for λi , we show a novel formulation of BCD subtyping, which is algorithmic, has a very simple proof of transitivity and allows for the modular addition of distributivity rules (i.e. without affecting other rules of subtyping). All results have been fully formalized in the Coq theorem prover.
Effect of Individualized Progesterone Supplementation for Luteal Support in Frozen-Thawed Cycles on Pregnancy Outcomes

OBJECTIVE: In frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles, preparing a synchronous endometrium for the embryo is essential. The aim of this study is to provide individualized luteal support in hormonally replaced frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles and to evaluate mid-luteal serum progesterone levels and pregnancy outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective cohort study, 30 patients were included in a university hospital in a six month period. Serum progesterone level on embryo transfer day was monitored, and if it was found to be below the lower limits defined by previous studies (10 ng/mL), additional 100 mg intramuscular micronized progesterone was administered once. Mid-luteal progesterone levels and pregnancy outcomes were recorded. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between mid-luteal progesterone levels of the patients whose transfer day progesterone was above and below 10 ng/mL (p=0.481). Although the clinical pregnancy rate tended to be higher in patients whose mid-luteal progesterone was above 10 ng/mL, it was also not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This is the first study in which vaginal progesterone treatment was supported by intramuscular progesterone according to serum progesterone values for the purpose of individualized progesterone support. A significant difference was not found in pregnancy outcomes. However, further studies are required to optimize management and improve pregnancy rates in hormonally treated frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles.
Summary Outcomehasbeen a key concern in schizophrenia since Kraepelin first identified the disorder.The outcomes that researchers and clinicians use and value intheir

Schizophrenia has been with us as an identified illness for over a century. Kraepelin distinguished it as ‘dementia praecox’ in 1896 (Kraepelin, 1919) separating it from the broad spectrum of psychoses seen within his clinic, and Bleuler renamed it schizophrenia in 1908 (Bleuler, 1950). Illnesses are usually identified and defined in terms of their clinical presentation, course and outcome. Kraepelin’s identification of what we now call schizophrenia rested almost exclusively on course and outcome. He conducted his research in Dorpat, in what is now Estonia, where he had taken a post because his recent marriage was incompatible financially or practically with his research post. German was the professional language in Dorpat but was not spoken by Kraepelin’s patients which precluded detailed clinical interviews, and hence his focus on the pattern of illnesses.
Neck Circumference as a New Anthropometric Indicator for Prediction of Metabolic Syndrome in Arab Women

Background: Neck circumference has been associated with obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular abnormality in several studies. This study designed to evaluate the potency of neck circumference for identifying cardiometabolic risk factors, and determining the neck circumference cutoff value for the prediction of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: This cross-sectional study involving 623 women aged 18-70 years, International Diabetes Federation (IDF) guidelines was used to diagnose metabolic syndrome among participants. The main indicators were neck circumference, waist circumference, body mass index, total body fat percentage, blood pressure, total cholesterol, lipoproteins (HDLc, LDLc), triglycerides, plasma glucose, and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels. Results: Neck circumference was independently associated with all cardiometabolic risk factors (P <0.001), except LDLc. Fully adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) values for incremental increases in neck circumference in women were reported for raised fasting glucose levels, 1.70 (1.48–2.94); raised blood pressure, 1.29 (1.15–1.45); high triglycerides, 1.25 (1.13–1.38); insulin resistance, 1.20 (1.02–1.40); and low HDLc, 1.14 (1.02–1.40). Women in the largest neck circumference quartile were 13 times more likely [13.39 (6.35 28.23)] to have MetS than the lowest neck circumference quartile after adjusting for confounding factors (P <0.01). Finally, the appropriate neck circumference to predict ≥ 3 cardiometabolic risk factors in Saudi women is 35 cm. This cutoff value was associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome in participants with both high and normal body mass index and waist circumference values. Conclusion: Neck circumference is independently and cumulatively associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in adult Saudi women.
Biological properties and fruit quality of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars from Romanian assortment

The paper presents a 4-year study of the valuable characteristics in 15 autochthonous and cosmopolitan sweet cherry cultivars grown in northeastern Romania, named Moldavia area. Tree’s vigour, resistance to frost and anthracnosis, the fructification phenophases, epidermis colour, organoleptic and quality traits of fruits and also fruit’s and stone’s size were evaluated. Weak tree vigour was find at ‘Tereza’, ‘Ştefan’ and ‘Golia’ cultivars. From end of flowering to harvesting time were determined 39–40 days for the early cultivars (‘Scorospelka’, ‘Cătălina’), while for the late cultivars as ‘Marina’ and ‘George’ were identified 71–83 days. Eight cultivars have presented fruits’ resistance to cracking with low values between 1.3–9.3% fruits cracked. Fruit’s weight have varied between 5.9 g (‘Scorospelka’) and 9.2 g (‘Andreiaş’), while fruit’s equatorial diameter have varied between 22.4 mm (‘George’) and 25.8 mm (‘Paulică’). The cultivars with the largest fruit’s size were ‘Andreiaş’, ‘Bucium’, ‘Ştefan’, ‘Paulică’, ‘Golia’, ‘Van’ and ‘Stella’. The values of the soluble solids content range between 14.4°Brix (‘Scorospelka’) to 20.0°Brix (‘Bucium’), the titratable acidity has been between 0.39 (‘Andreiaş’) and 0.87 (‘Cătălina’) mg malic acid 100 mL juice and the total content of polyphenols has recorded values between 314.93–584.95 mg GAE 100 mL of fruit juice. The studied sweet cherry cultivars showed high variability but some got remarked through earliness, low vigour of the tree, large fruit’s size or fruit’s resistance to cracking.
F ACTORED RL: L EVERAGING F ACTORED G RAPHS FOR D EEP R EINFORCEMENT L EARNING

We propose a simple class of deep reinforcement learning (RL) methods, called FactoredRL, that can leverage factored environment structures to improve the sample efficiency of existing model-based and model-free RL algorithms. In tabular and linear approximation settings, the factored Markov decision process literature has shown exponential improvements in sample efficiency by leveraging factored environment structures. We extend this to deep RL algorithms that use neural networks. For model-based algorithms, we use the factored structure to inform the state transition network architecture and for model-free algorithms we use the factored structure to inform the Q network or the policy network architecture. We demonstrate that doing this significantly improves sample efficiency in both discrete and continuous state-action space settings.
INFLUENCE OF WEED REMOVAL AND INFESTATION PERIODS ON MAIN INSECTS INFESTING COMMON BEAN AND THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES AND PRODACTIVITY AT SOHAG GOVERNORAT

wo field experiments were conducted at the farm of Shandweel Agricultural Research Station, Sohag Governorate during seasons of 2016 and 2017 in summer plantation to investigate the effect of weed removal and infestation periods on major insect pests, their associated predators and productivity of common bean. Eight weed removal and infestation periods were studied in complete randomized block design. In the plots of weedfree, the weed removed for 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks after emergence, then weeds were left to the end of growing season. For weedinfested plots, the weed were left to compete with the crop for 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks after emergence, and then removed to the end of growing season. Data revealed that the weeding systems affected significantly the populations of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), Empoasca decipiens (Paoli), Aphis craccivora Koch. , Thrips tabaci Lind. , Coccinella undecimpunctata L. and Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.) in both seasons of the study. While, no significant effect was found for Liriomyza trifolii Burg. in both seasons. It could be included that B. tabaci infestation increased with decreasing weeding frequency. In contrast, E. decipiens and A. craccivora infestation decreased with decreasing weeding frequency. C. undecimpunctata and Ch. carnea increased in weedy common bean plots than free plots. Fresh weight and dry matter of total annual weeds reduced significantly by increased weed free period, but the previous traits increasing by increasing weed competition period. In contrast, 100 seeds weight and seed yield per feddan, the yield increased significantly by increasing weed free period, but decreased by increasing weed competition period.
Revisiting Neolithic Caprine Exploitation at Suberde , Turkey Benjamin  

Forty years ago Dexter Perkins and Patricia Daly published a brief but important report describing animal exploitation at the site of Suberde, a late Aceramic Neolithic settlement in the Bey£ehir region of south central Anatolia dating to the mid–late 8th millennium cal b.c. (Perkins and Daly 1968). Although this now classic paper is often cited for its innovative interpretations of faunal data, particularly with regard to the discussion of skeletal part transport costs and the so-called “schlepp effect” (Perkins and Daly 1968: 104), it also represents an important and early contribution to the study of Neolithic animal exploitation and domestication. In their study of the faunal remains Perkins and Daly (1968) argued that sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs at Suberde were wild and that the dog was the only domestic animal present at the site. The site was therefore described as “an unusual example” ( B o rdaz 1969: 60) of a Neolithic hunters’ village. Suberde was thought to represent a community of settled farmers or collectors “who relied for their subsistence in large measure on the hunting of animals” (Bordaz 1969: 60), comparable to Epi-palaeolithic cultures in the Near East such as the Natufian and Mureybetian. As the earliest known Neolithic site in the Bey£ehir re gion, this interpretation of the subsistence economy at Suberde has important implications for understanding the processes by which Neolithic lifeways and technologies spread into central Anatolia and beyond (see Bellwood and Renfrew 2002; Harris 1996; Price and Gebauer 1995). As more data have accumulated over the four decades since 1968, the interpretation of Suberde as a late Aceramic Neolithic hunters’ village seems increasingly problematic. This is partly due to the fact that neither the excavation itself, nor the work of the specialists involved in the project, have ever been published in detail. In addition, the analytical models (below) that led Perkins and Daly to conclude that Suberde represents a hunters’ village have been seriously questioned (Martin, Russell, and Caru t h e r s 2002; Payne 1972). Finally, recent archaeofaunal studies have resulted in a detailed regional picture of the process of animal domestication, providing a regional context for the Suberde data that was nonexistent when the original study was carried out. Current research suggests that sheep and goats first came under human control in adjacent regions almost a millennium before Suberde was first occupied (Horwitz et al. 1999; Peters et al. 1999; von den Driesch and Peters 1999; Zeder and Hesse 2000). Moreover, data from the nearby site of Çatalhöyük indicate that domestic sheep and goats were present at that site from the earliest levels (preXII–VII), which were roughly contemporaneous with the 219
Banking Sector Earnings Management Using Loan Loss Provisions in the Fintech Era

PurposeThis paper analyzes banking sector earnings management using loan loss provisions (LLPs) in the Fintech era.Design/methodology/approachRegression methodology was used to examine earnings management in the Fintech era.FindingsThe findings show evidence for bank income smoothing using LLPs. There is greater income smoothing in the second-wave Fintech era compared to the first-wave Fintech era, and the presence of strong institutions did not lower income smoothing in the second-wave era. Bank income smoothing is also greater in (1) Bank of International Settlement (BIS) and EU countries than in non-EU countries and G7 countries, (2) well-capitalized banking sectors and (3) during economic booms in the second-wave Fintech era.Practical implicationsThe competition for loans and deposits by banks and Fintech lenders in the second-wave Fintech era created additional incentives for banks to engage in income smoothing to report competitive and stable earnings.Originality/valueThe study uses a unique approach to detect country-level earnings management in the banking sector. Also, this study extends the bank earnings management literature by introducing the Fintech era as a determinant of the extent of bank earnings management.
The application of social innovation as it relates to older people and the implications for future policy-making: A scoping review Abstract Social innovation has received increasing attention in recent decades

Social innovation has received increasing attention in recent decades (Agostini et al. 2017). This article considers how the concept has been applied to the issue of ageing and what can be learnt about effective policy responses. The acknowledged lack of understanding generally about the concept makes it timely to undertake a scoping review of the current evidence from social innovation projects associated with older people. A scoping review is considered appropriate where there is a need to 'identify and analyse knowledge gaps” (Munn et al 2018 p2). Findings from the scoping review indicate that as yet the concept of social innovation is not fully defined. However, it has wide-spread appeal across a diverse range of disciplines has the potential to generate innovative policy responses. A key argument identified is the need to change the public’s perceptions of ageing and devise public policies that encourage and nurture age-friendly communities. In summation although social innovation has the potential to act as a policy driver, to be effective, it is necessary to devise robust strategies to ensure full user-engagement and active involvement of communities. Therefore, it is the process of delivery that needs urgent attention in any future research into social innovation.