Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“Idealists and capitalists”: ownership attitudes and preferences in genomic citizen science

The perspectives of genomic citizen scientists on ownership of research outputs are not well understood, yet they are useful for identifying alignment of participant expectations and project practices and can help guide efforts to develop innovative tools and strategies for managing ownership claims. Here, we report findings from 52 interviews conducted in 2018 and 2019 to understand genomic citizen science stakeholders’ conceptualizations of, experiences with, and preferences for ownership of research outputs. Interviewees identified four approaches for recognizing genomic citizen scientists’ ownership and related credit interests in research outputs: shared governance via commons models; fractional ownership of benefits; full and creative attribution; and offensive and defensive patenting. Interviewees also agreed that the model selected by any project should at least maximize access to research outputs and, as appropriate and to the extent possible, broadly distribute rights of control and entitlements to research benefits.
Equatorial Origin of the Observed Tropical Pacific Quasi‐Decadal Variability From ENSO Nonlinearity

Quasi‐decadal (QD) climate variability is detected in the tropical Pacific based on the recent 70 years of observations. This QD variability is identified in equatorial sea surface temperatures (SSTs), the pattern of which resembles the Central Pacific (CP) El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) but extends further meridionally to the northeastern subtropical Pacific. Whereas equatorial upper‐ocean heat content and SSTs are in quadrature for ENSO, these two quantities are almost in phase on the QD timescale. Further analysis shows that nonlinear dynamical heating, primarily originating from strong El Niño events, tends to lead QD SSTs by a quarter of its dominant period (approximately 30 months) and shapes the dominant QD periodicity in observations. Our results suggest that the observed QD variability largely originates from ENSO nonlinearity and thus is fundamentally different from ENSO's oscillatory nature.
Influence of shape of cutting tool on pressure conditions in workspace of mulcher with vertical axis of rotation

Nowadays there is laid great insistence on work efficiency improvement. This effort also affects the construction of mowers such as mulchers. Mulching with a vertical axis of rotation is very energy demanding work operation mainly, due to high energy losses. These energy losses, but also the quality of work, are influenced by the airflow and associated conditions of pressure inside the workspace of mulcher. Airflow in the workspace ensures repetitious contact of the truncated forage crops with the cutting edge tool and thus ensures crushing of aboveground parts of plants. The paper deals with the influence of the cutting tool shape on the mulcher’s inside workspace pressure conditions with the vertical axis of rotation. The influence of the trailing edge angle and rake angle on the pressure profile in the mulcher’s workspace with dependence on the rotor speed was examined. Measurements were performed on a laboratory single rotor mulcher model. It was found that in the mulcher’s workspace the vacuum is formed by virtue of the rotary movement of the cutting tools wherein the vacuum increases with rotor speed. The maximum measured vacuum was about 2.4 kPa and from the centre of the rotor towards its circumference almost linearly decreases. Furthermore, it was found that with decreasing trailing edge angle and with increasing rake angle the maximum vacuum decreases. When reducing the angle of the trailing edge from 45° to 25° led to reduction of vacuum of about 0.3 kPa (12.6%).
Structural Abnormalities of the Optic Nerve and Retina in Huntington’s Disease Pre-Clinical and Clinical Settings

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the huntingtin protein. HD-related pathological remodelling has been reported in HD mouse models and HD carriers. In this study, we studied structural abnormalities in the optic nerve by employing Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) in pre-symptomatic HD carriers of Caucasian origin. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was used to investigate ultrastructural changes in the optic nerve of the well-established R6/2 mouse model at the symptomatic stage of the disease. We found that pre-symptomatic HD carriers displayed a significant reduction in the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness, including specific quadrants: superior, inferior and temporal, but not nasal. There were no other significant irregularities in the GCC layer, at the macula level and in the optic disc morphology. The ultrastructural analysis of the optic nerve in R6/2 mice revealed a significant thinning of the myelin sheaths, with a lamellar separation of the myelin, and a presence of myelonoid bodies. We also found a significant reduction in the thickness of myelin sheaths in peripheral nerves within the choroids area. Those ultrastructural abnormalities were also observed in HD photoreceptor cells that contained severely damaged membrane disks, with evident vacuolisation and swelling. Moreover, the outer segment of retinal layers showed a progressive disintegration. Our study explored structural changes of the optic nerve in pre- and clinical settings and opens new avenues for the potential development of biomarkers that would be of great interest in HD gene therapies.
Classification of Flow Patterns in Angled T-Junctions for the Evaluation of High Cycle Thermal Fatigue

Temperature fluctuations generated by the mixing of hot and cold streams at T-junctions can cause high cycle thermal fatigue failure. One of the important parameters for determining the degree of thermal fatigue damage is related to the flow patterns downstream of the mixing junction. Many papers have been published identifying the characteristic equations for classifying the flow patterns at the T-junctions, which have been shown to be related to the momentum ratios between the main pipe flow and the branch pipe flow. The flow patterns and governing equations studied in the past are only applicable to 90-degree tee junctions (T-junctions). The intention of this paper is to extend the work of others to include angled tee junctions other than 90 degrees (Y-junctions). Y-junctions especially with 45-degree angle are also used in the chemical and refinery plants of our concern for lowering the pressure drop in the mixing zone and weakening the impingement of the branch pipe stream against the main pipe. This paper presents the proposal for a set of extended characteristic equations for classifying the flow patterns in mixing tees which can be applied to all angles of tee junctions. The modified characteristic equations have been verified using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Models with branch angles other than 90 degrees have been used to confirm the robustness and validity of the modified equations. The effect of the pressure drop caused by the varying opening sizes has been shown to play only a minor role in determining the overall flow patterns, with the key variables being the velocity ratio and the interaction area between the flow in the main pipe and the jet exiting from the branch pipe. The results have also highlighted that the angle of the branch pipe has significant impact on increasing the velocity ratio range for the less damaging deflecting jet flow pattern, which is an important finding that could be used to extend the current design options for piping systems where high cycle thermal fatigue may be a concern.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
In Vitro Plant Regeneration via Adventitious Shoot Regeneration from Cotyledon and Leaf Explants of Diplocyclos Palmatus

ABSTRACT Micropropagation protocol for Diplocyclos palmatus through direct shoot induction from isolated cotyledon and leaf explants was established. Cotyledons were isolated from 2-week-old seedlings and cultured in the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP, 0.5–2.0 mg L−1) alone or in combination with α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA, 0.2–1.0 mg L−1) for shoot induction. The highest frequency of response (89%) and the mean number of shots (6.8) were observed in an MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L−1 BAP and 0.5 mg L−1 NAA. Leaves at various stages of development were isolated from in vitro grown shoots and cultured in an MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP (0.5–2.5 mg L−1), Thidiazuron (TDZ, 0.5–2.5 mg L−1) alone and in combination with NAA (0.2 mg L−1) for shoot induction. The highest shoot induction frequency of 91% and shoot number of 7.8 shoots per explant were observed when 15-d-old- leaves were cultured in an MS medium enriched with 2.0 mg L−1 TDZ and 0.5 mg L−1 NAA after 45 d. The isolated cotyledon and leaf-derived shoots showed optimum rooting on ½ MS medium fortified with 4.0 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The rooted plants were transferred to the soil with 90% success.
Action Selection and Motor Decision Making: Insights from Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

In everyday life, goal-oriented motor behaviour relies on the estimation of the rewards/costs associated with alternative actions and on the appropriate selection of movements. Motor decision making is defined as the process by which a motor plan is chosen among a set of competing actions based on the expected value. In the present literature review we discuss evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies of motor control. We focus primarily on studies of action selection for instructed movements and motor decision making. In the first section, we delve into the usefulness of various TMS paradigms to characterise the contribution of motor areas and distributed brain networks to cued action selection. Then, we address the influence of motivational information (e.g., reward and biomechanical cost) in guiding action choices based on TMS findings. Finally, we conclude that TMS represents a powerful tool for elucidating the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying action choices in humans.
Farmers’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Control Practices of Rodents in an Agricultural Area of Taiwan

Rodents threaten agricultural industries and food security on a global scale. Rodent management practices routinely involve the use of chemical products, mainly anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs). An understanding of farmer rodent control behaviors is crucial in order to implement management changes to more environmentally friendly practices. In this study, we surveyed farmers in an agricultural area of northwestern Taiwan on their knowledge, attitudes, and control practices for rodent pests. From our survey sample of 126 farmers, rodents were perceived to be the most problematic for vegetable crops, followed by rice, and then fruit. Farmers in the oldest age group and those that perceived rodents to cause extensive damage to their crops were found to have the most negative attitudes toward the pests. One-third of the farmers in our survey stated they currently use rodenticides, with crop type, perceived problems caused by rodents, and attitudes toward rodents found to be important explanatory variables. Our results indicate that the use of rodenticides is reactive; farmers are more likely to apply the chemical products if they perceive rodents to cause damage. Additionally, cost–benefit assessments are likely important in governing rodent control behaviors; farmers may be more inclined to use control products that are subsidized by the government, which include ARs, when they observe damage to their crops inflicted by rodents. We also describe how ecologically based rodent management (EBRM) practices could be feasible and sustainable alternatives to rodenticide use.
Discrimination in the rental housing market in the Sunyani Municipality, Ghana

ABSTRACT Regardless of the anti-discrimination policies in place, discrimination is still prevalent within the rental housing market. This poses some considerable challenges to potential accommodation seekers. Due to discrimination, securing accommodation by minority groups has become a major challenge as they are most likely to be discriminated against. This study, therefore, sought to assess discrimination in the housing rental market in the Sunyani Municipality, Ghana. Spatially, four communities namely, Nkwabeng, Penkwase, New Town/Tonsuom Estate and Sunyani Area 4 were purposively selected within the Sunyani Municipality for the study. Data was gathered from 173 landlords and 242 tenants using questionnaires and analysed using probit. The probit model showed that household size, ethnicity, marital status, gender, nationality, disability and age of tenants were the main discriminatory factors. Due to the high demand for housing facilities, there is a likelihood for property owners to discriminate against minority groups. Therefore, it is recommended that the government explores avenues to expand public housing delivery through its affordable housing projects to help address the overt or covert practice of discrimination.
Reliability Analysis Based on a Bivariate Degradation Model Considering Random Initial State and Its Correlation With Degradation Rate

Dependent degradation processes of performance characteristics are ubiquitous in engineered systems. The initial state of each degradation process is usually random and relates to the degradation rate. Unfort unately, most existing Wiener-based bivariate degradation models fail to consider these two features, which may limit the accuracy of system reliability assessment. In order to surmount this limitation, in this article, we develop a new bivariate degradation model, which involves a generalized Wiener process-based marginal degradation model that considers the random initial state and the correlation between the initial state and the degradation rate and a corresponding degradation increment-based dependence structure (DS). The proposed bivariate degradation model and its reliability function are derived first. Then, a two-stage statistical inference is introduced using the maximum likelihood estimation method. Furthermore, a simulation study investigates the performance of the statistical inference and the misspecification effects of DSs and marginal degradation models. Finally, an illustrative example demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model.
NUF2 Is a Potential Immunological and Prognostic Marker for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Background Globally, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most prevalent tumors. Various studies have investigated its etiology, but the molecular mechanism of NSCLC has not been elucidated. Methods The GSE19804, GSE118370, GSE19188, GSE27262, and GSE33532 microarray datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for the identification of genes involved in NSCLC development as well as progression. Then, the identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were subjected to functional enrichment analyses. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built after which module analysis was conducted via the Search Tool for Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) and Cytoscape. There were 562 DEGs: 98 downregulated genes and 464 upregulated. These DEGs were established to be enriched in p53 signaling pathway, transendothelial leukocyte migration, cell adhesion molecules, contractions of vascular smooth muscles, coagulation and complement cascades, and axon guidance. Assessment of tumor immunity was performed to determine the roles of hub genes. Results There were 562 dysregulated genes, while 12 genes were hub genes. NUF2 was established to be a candidate immunotherapeutic target with potential clinical implications. The 12 hub genes were highly enriched in the p53 signaling pathway, the cell cycle, progesterone-associated oocyte maturation, cellular senescence, and oocyte meiosis. Survival analysis showed that NUF2 is associated with NSCLC occurrence, invasion, and recurrence. Conclusion The NUF2 gene discovered in this study helps us clarify the pathomechanisms of NSCLC occurrence as well as progression and provides a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for NSCLC.
Deciphering the Genotype × Environment Interaction for Identification of Superior Genotypes of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) using Ammi Stability Measures

Mango is one of India's most important commercially grown fruit crops with the greatest collection of varieties. Genotypes do not show the same response in all locations due to their interactions with the surrounding environment. Such interactions limit the breeding progress during the selection of superior genotypes. Multi-location trials are being carried out to study the behavior of genotypes in different environments. Genotype environment interaction is a major problem in selecting and recommending superior genotypes to cultivate crops. When we are dealing with perennial crops like Mango, this problem gets intensified because choosing unstable cultivars to plant in an orchard puts the farmers in a risky income situation for many years. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to identify the high-yielding and stable genotypes of Mango by using AMMI stability measures. Data on sixteen genotypes of Mango tested across four locations viz., Rewa, Sabour, Sangareddy, and Vengurla in India over nine years is considered for the study. The present study concludes that the AMMI stability measures SIPC, AVAMGE, ASTAB, DA, MASV, MASI, ZA, ASV, and ASI are based on the biological concept of stability, and the stability measures DZ and EV are based on the agronomic concept of stability. Selection of mango genotypes based on the agronomic concept of stability will be recommended in favorable environments, while selection based on biological stability will be advised in unfavorable environments.
Kajian Hubungan Antara Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Perdagangan Internasional dan Aliran Modal Asing Di Indonesia Tahun 1997(1)-2007(4)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana bentuk hubungan antara pertumbuhan ekonomi, perdagangan internasional dan aliran modal asing di indonesia dari tahun 1997 sampai tahun 2007. Data yang digunakan adalah data skunder yang diperoleh dari lnternational Financial statistik. Teknik analisa yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan ekonometrika. Secara lebih terinci, teknik yang digunakan dengan Vector autoregreision (VAR) dan atau Vector Error correction Model (VECM) dan Granger Causality. Dengan teknik atau metode ini, akan dapat dilihat bagaimana pola hubungan antara variabel pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia, perdagangan internasional dan aliran modal asing. Selain itu juga akan dilihat bagaimana respon dan kemampuan suatu variabel memberikan penjelasan terhadap variabel lainnya. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pola hubungan yang simultan antara pertumbuhan ekonomi lndohesia, perdagangan internasional lndonesia, dan aliran modal asing ke lndonesia. Exsport led growth mengindikasikan bahwa untuk peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi ditentukan oleh kinerja ekspor. Dilain pihak peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi akan mendorong peningkatan impor ke Indonesia. Selanjutnya sektor perdagangan internasional Indonesia sangat bergantung dengan aliran modal asing baik aliran modal asing langsung maupun aliran modal asing tidak langsung ke lndonesia.
Understanding high school students’ errors in solving genetic problems

ABSTRACT This study aimed to provide a deeper understanding of high school students' errors while solving genetics problems. Four students were asked to solve two genetics problems and participate in a modified think-aloud interview. Data from the interview, video clips of the problem-solving process, and test sheets were used to analyse participants’ problem-solving processes and identify errors during each of the following problem-solving phases: understanding, planning, execution, and checking. The error of Misinterpreting evidence was observed in the understanding phase for Problem 1 (represented verbally), whereas the error of Making incorrect assumptions was observed for Problem 2 (students had to draw a pedigree). Errors of Incorrect conclusion occurred in the planning phase, characterised by problem-solving strategies based on incorrect assumptions or misunderstanding the problem due to errors in the understanding phase. Further, Using incomplete representation and Mathematical errors were observed in the execution phase due to representational competence and the application of mathematical principles, respectively. The checking phase was characterised by Not monitoring the problem-solving process and Disregarding evidence, wherein participants failed to check the logical consistency of genetic principles with the information embedded in the problem. The results indicated that problem-solving errors were related to the interaction between the students’ domain-general competencies and domain-specific knowledge.
Research on Real-Time Detection of Safety Harness Wearing of Workshop Personnel Based on YOLOv5 and OpenPose

Wearing safety harness is essential for workers when carrying out work. When posture of the workers in the workshop is complex, using real-time detection program to detect workers wearing safety harness is challenging, with a high false alarm rate. In order to solve this problem, we use object detection network YOLOv5 and human body posture estimation network OpenPose for the detection of safety harnesses. We collected video streams of workers wearing safety harnesses to create a dataset, and trained the YOLOv5 model for safety harness detection. The OpenPose algorithm was used to estimate human body posture. Firstly, the images containing different postures of workers were processed to obtain 18 skeletal key points of the human torso. Then, we analyzed the key point information and designed the judgment criterion for different postures. Finally, the real-time detection program combined the results of object detection and human body posture estimation to judge the safety harness wearing situation within the current screen and output the final detection results. The experimental results prove that the accuracy rate of the YOLOv5 model in recognizing the safety harness reaches 89%, and the detection method of this study can ensure that the detection program accurately recognizes safety harnesses, and at the same time reduces the false alarm rate of the output results, which has high application value.