Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acute effects of cage cleaning at different frequencies on laboratory rat behaviour and welfare

In rodents, cage cleaning increases cardiovascular and behavioural activity for several hours, which are commonly interpreted as stress responses. In mice, post-cleaning activity also includes aggression, which can cause serious injuries. This study was part of a long-term investigation into the effects of cage cleaning frequency on rat behaviour and welfare. Here we aimed to ascertain whether post-cleaning activity is stress- or aggression-related, thereby leading to recurrent acute reductions in welfare, or simply a result of non-aversive stimulation. Male Wistar (n = 160) and Sprague–Dawley (n = 160) rats, kept in four animal units, had their cages cleaned twice per week, once per week or once per fortnight, and were kept on one of two types of bedding. Behaviours were recorded in detail before and after cage cleaning for 20 weeks, as was the aversion-related Harderian gland secretion, chromodacryorrhoea (‘red tears‘). Cage cleaning caused decreased resting and increased feeding, walking, bedding manipulation and sheltering for at least 30 min after the disturbance. Skirmishing also increased markedly for 15 min after cleaning, but decreased thereafter to below baseline levels. Unlike in mice, all skirmishing was non-injurious and play-like. The frequency of cage cleaning did not affect the magnitude of this skirmishing peak, but rats that had their cages cleaned more frequently settled more quickly after cleaning. Surprisingly, chromodacryorrhoea decreased after cage cleaning; this could mean that rats find soiled cages stressful or alternatively, like many disturbances, cage cleaning might provoke frequent, curtailed bouts of grooming, thereby removing the secretion. Rats also manipulated aspen bedding more than paper bedding. Overall, we found no evidence that cage cleaning caused rats any acute decrease in welfare — a finding consistent with additional data we have obtained on the lack of preference by rats for soiled over clean cages, and a lack of long-term, behavioural and physiological responses to being cleaned frequently or infrequently.
Ecosystem engineers’ contribution to soil structure formation in floodplains

i Résumé . iii Table of contents . v General introduction Soil structure formation and stabilisation . 1 Ecosystem engineers . 4 Plants . 5 Earthworms. 6 Organic matter stabilisation in soil aggregates . 7 Floodplains . 9 River management in the past and river restoration . 11 Remaining gaps to fill . 12 Aims and hypotheses . 15 The study site . 17 Main Chapter I): The field scale Topsoil structure stability in a restored floodplain: Impacts of fluctuating water levels, soil parameters and ecosystem engineers . 21 Main Chapter II) The mesocosm scale Rock-Eval pyrolysis discriminates soil macro-aggregates formed by plants and Earthworms. 43 Composition and superposition of alluvial deposits drive macro-biological soil engineering and organic matter dynamics in floodplains . 57 Main Chapter III) The field plot scale Pioneer plant Phalaris arundinacea and earthworms promote initial soil structure formation despite strong alluvial dynamics in a semi-controlled field experiment . 77
A Study on Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Sputum Samples in Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background & Objectives: The morbidity and mortality still remain significantly high in patients with severe lower respiratory tract infections. But data related to the offending organisms and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern is limited. Therefore, this study was designed to identify the bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity of sputum samples in patients with severe lower respiratory tract infections which were received by Microbiology Department, between January 2015 to December 2015. Methods: The present study was conducted during a one year period (January to December 2015). A total of 130 sputum samples were processed. All the samples were processed through Gram’s stain and culture. The culture was identified by standard protocols and antibiotic susceptibility was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results and conclusion: Out of the 130 sputum culture samples, significant pathogens were isolated in 82 [63%] sputum samples. Among the isolated organisms, Klebsiella pneumoniae [31.7%] was the commonest isolated organism, followed by pseudomonas spp [14.63%]. Majority of isolates were only sensitive amikacin, Pipracillin- tazobactum and imipenem. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 11 samples and 6 were Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] which were sensitive to Vancomycin. There were a significantly high proportion of patients who were affected by drug resistant strains. Before starting empirical antibiotics on patients with moderate to severe lower respiratory tract infections, it is always advisable to obtain sputum for culture and antibiotic sensitivity test. Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas sp, Sputum, MRSA, Sputum Culture
A Mathematical Model of Contracting Muscle with Viscoelastic Elements

A three-element model of contracting muscle is studied. This model incorporates a contractile element based on a two-state cross-bridge mechanism and two viscoelastic elements placed in series and in parallel to the contractile element. The existence, uniqueness, and asymptotic behavior of the mathematical solution is proved and the numerical approach is discussed.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN DOLOMIT DAN PUPUK KCL TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalanicum. L)

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the effect of dolomite and KCL fertilizer on the growth and production of shallots (Allium Ascalanicum. L). The design used was a factorial RGD consisting of 2 factors, namely: Factor D (administration of Dolomite), namely: D0 (control), D1 (administration of dolomite 1 ton / ha equivalent to 36 g / plot), D2 (administration of Dolomite 2 ton / ha equivalent 72 gr / ha), D3 (Giving Dolomite 3 tons / ha equivalent to 108 gr / ha), and K factor (KCL Fertilizer), namely: K0: (control), K1 (Giving KCL fertilizer 100 kg / ha equivalent to 0.9 gr / plant), K2 (giving KCL fertilizer 200 kg / ha equivalent to 1.8 grams / plant), K3 (Giving fertilizer 300 kg / ha equivalent 2.7 grams / plant. Observation data from each treatment analyzed statistically if significant effect will be continued with further tests of honest real difference at 5% level The results of the study indicate that the treatment of dolomite alone gives a significant effect on all parameters of observation.The best treatment is found in D2 (Dolomite administration of 2 tons / ha equivalent to 72 gr / plot ) with a plant height of 25.06 cm, a wet weight of 155.41 grams, a single KCL fertilizer treatment me give a real influence on all parameters observed. The best treatment is in the treatment of K2 (KCL fertilizer application 200 kg / ha equivalent to 1.8 g / plant) with a plant height of 25.11 cm, wet weight 151.55 grams / plot, and weight dried 128.34 grams. The interaction of the treatment of Dolomite and KCL Fertilizers did not have a significant effect on all observation parameters.
Do investors herd with industries or markets? Evidence from Pakistan stock exchange

Abstract This study investigates investors’ herd behavior at market and industry level in Pakistan stock exchange (PSX). The novel contribution of this study is the incorporation of stock trading volume to explore the herding behavior laterally with daily stock returns. Using daily observations of the stock trading volume and stock closing prices of 254 firms listed on PSX for the period January 2000 - December 2014. Our empirical results found stock trading volume is the more robust predictor of herding than stock returns by employing ordinary least square method for cross-sectional absolute deviation (CSAD). Findings under stock returns indicate herding in eight industries at the industry level and in only one industry at market level. However, stock trading volume significantly predicts herding for 5 out of 11 industries both at industry and market level. This study recommends investor to focus more on daily trading volume than daily stock returns to devise their trading strategies.
Trophic guild and forest type explain phyllostomid bat abundance variation from human habitat disturbance

The loss of tropical forest cover caused by land-use change is causing a reduction in functional groups, such as trophic guilds. Phyllostomid bats (family Phyllostomidae) are essential in the Neotropics since they occupy up to six trophic guilds, and are pollinators, seed dispersers, and regulators of vertebrate and invertebrate populations. In this study, a series of meta-analyses were performed in order to analyse their response to habitat disturbance. Data were obtained through a comprehensive literature review whereby we measured the abundance of phyllostomid bats in disturbed habitats and conserved forests. We found that the abundance of phytophagous bats depends on the type of habitat disturbance and the type of forest where it occurs. On the other hand, animal-feeding bats reduce their abundance in any disturbed habitat regardless of disturbance type and forest type. No phylogenetic signal was found in the response of bats to habitat disturbance, nor was the response found to be dependent on the type of crop, the age of the secondary forest, or the distance to a conserved forest. These results demonstrate that feeding and the type of forest where the disturbance occurs are important aspects to understand the reduction of animal populations in the face of habitat destruction processes. This has implications on the conservation of species and their function in ecosystems. Highlights ⍰ No phylogenetic signal was found in the abundance of bats in disturbed habitats. ⍰ The abundance of bats in disturbed habitats depends on the trophic guild. ⍰ Forest altitude influences the abundance of bats in disturbed habitats. ⍰ Animal-feeding bats reduced their abundance in disturbed habitats regardless of disturbance type and forest type.
Numerical simulation of large wood deposition patterns and responses of bed morphology in a braided river using large wood dynamics model

This study discusses the reproducibility of a numerical model for simulating the morphodynamics involved in the transport of large pieces of wood in a braided river, considering the root wad effect and jam formation. The developed numerical model can simulate the behaviour of large pieces of wood using a two‐dimensional depth‐averaged Eulerian flow model that calculates the water flow and bed morphology. A Lagrange‐type wood transport model is used herein, and the applicability of the combined model is discussed through a comparison with obtained experimental results. From the simulation results, we calculate the total braiding index and estimate the deposition patterns of wood pieces for comparison with the experimental results. We then analyse the bed morphology responses and wood deposition patterns in terms of the root wad effect and input supply. Moreover, we discuss the advantages and limitations of the proposed model to predict the large wood dynamics considering the bed morphology. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Complexity Principle at work with rival prepositions

The present corpus-based study deals with eight sets of rivalling prepositions in verb-dependent prepositional phrases. The two or three members of these sets, though equivalent in specific uses, differ in terms of functional explicitness. For instance, in directional uses, into can be regarded as more explicit than in. The main objective is to demonstrate for each of these sets that, in line with the Complexity Principle, the more explicit items are favoured in more complex grammatical environments. The contexts under scrutiny include those produced by passivisation, Heavy NP Shift, object relativisation, the use of full object NPs rather than personal pronouns, and preposition stranding. Thus, we observe that – compared with basic active clauses – preposition stranding in the active induces increased shares of the more explicit prepositions in question. Predictably, even higher degrees of prepositional explicitness are found with the combination of preposition stranding and passivisation. Also, it is shown that Heavy NP Shift tends to trigger greater proportions of the more explicit prepositions than object relativisation. The observed tendencies hold for Present-day English and earlier stages of English as well as for morphologically related and unrelated rival prepositions.
Assessment of Maternal Mortality and its Associated Causes at Shinyanga Regional Hospital in Tanzania

Background: Maternal mortality remains a public health concern in low income countries particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where majority (62%) of maternal deaths occurs. In Tanzania maternal mortality ratio is as high as 432 deaths per 100,000 live births. Objectives: This study aimed to describe pattern of maternal mortality ratio and its associated causes at Shinyanga regional referral hospital. We also assessed the availability of the comprehensive emergency obstetric care services in the study setting. Methods: This was retrospective cross-sectional study which was conducted from April to May 2015 at Shinyanga Regional Referral Hospital. Information on demographic data, obstetric factors associated with maternal death and their causes as well as their management were extracted from the patient’s record file between 2010 and 2014 by using data extraction sheet. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 18.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Descriptive statistical analysis were summarized. Results: Overall maternal mortality ratio declined from 635/100,000 live births in 2010 to 449/100,000 live births in 2014. The main causes of maternal death were postpartum haemorrhage (50%) and pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (20%). Majority (77%) of the delays were encountered at hospital and at home (56%). Numerous forms of management were provided to women who experienced maternal death including C-section (35.5%) for antepartum haemorrhage and hysterectomy (17%) for postpartum haemorrhage. For pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, only 12.5% had C-section. Of all of the maternal deaths, only 2.5% had assisted vaginal delivery and 14% had puerperal sepsis. Conclusions: The observed maternal mortality ratio in this population is higher compared to the national average. Postpartum haemorrhage and preeclampsia/eclampsia remains to be the main direct causes of maternal deaths. Delay in decision making in seeking fortreatment and provision of treatment contributed to high maternal mortality observed in this study. This requires more effort to address the direct and indirect causes of maternal death.
Atomistic simulations of helium, hydrogen, and self-interstitial diffusion inside dislocation cores in tungsten

Tritium retention and microstructural modifications due to helium accumulation are two of the main concerns regarding plasma-facing materials in fusion applications. Crystal defects in tungsten (W), such as grain boundaries and dislocations, can serve as traps or channels for diffusion of hydrogen (H) and helium (He), and, as such, can affect the transport of these species. In this work, we study the diffusion of hydrogen, helium and self-interstitial atoms (SIA) inside screw and edge dislocations in W using molecular dynamics simulations. Stable sites for interstitials in dislocations are identified using a free-volume analysis and energy barriers for diffusion are predicted using a combination of the nudged elastic band (NEB) method and finite temperature molecular dynamics simulations. Overall, the simulations predict higher energetic barriers for He and H diffusion in both screw and edge dislocations compared to the bulk. However, the diffusion mechanism in both dislocations are shown to differ: simulations predict that interstitials are constrained to move in short channels inside the edge dislocation core so that long-range diffusion along the dislocation line happens only with the motion of the dislocation. In contrast, 1D diffusion of the interstitial along the dislocation core, independent of dislocation motion, is observed for screw dislocations.
ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS (QUALITY CONTROL) DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PRODUK

Penelitian ini difokuskan pada Analisis Pengendalian Kualitas (Quality Control) dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Produk. Penelitian dilakukan pada PT. Pacific Eastern Coconut Utama di Pangandaran. Permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam penelitian ini meliputi: 1) Bagaimana Pelaksanaan Pengendalian Kualitas (Quality Control) pada Produk Santan Klatu PT Pacific Eastern Coconut Utama Pangandaran? ; 2) Bagaimana Kualitas Produk Santan Klatu PT Pacific Eastern Coconut Utama Pangandaran? ; 3) Bagaimana Pengendalian Kualitas (Quality Control) dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Produk Santan Klatu PT Pacific Eastern Coconut Utama Pangandaran? Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) Untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pengendalian kualitas produk santan klatu yang dilakukan di PT Pacific Easteren Coconut Utama Pangandaran. 2) Untuk mengetahui kualitas produk santan klatu yang dihasilkan PT Pacific Eastern Coconut Utama Pangandaran. 3) Untuk mengetahui pengendalian kualitas (Quality Control) dalam meningkatkan kualitas produk santan klatu di PT Pacific Easteren Coconut Utama Pangandaran. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriftif kualitatif dengan menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan triangulasi. Untuk menganalisis data yang diperoleh digunakan analisis Reduksi Data, Penyajian Data (Display Data) dan Menarik Kesimpulan (Conclusion Drawing/Verification). Hasil dari penelitian dan perolehan data menunjukan bahwa pelaksanaan pengendalian kualitas (quality control) dalam meningkatkan kualitas produk pada produk santan klatu dari mulai bahan baku, proses produksi, dan produk jadi telah sesuai dengan standar operasional perusahaan dan spesifikasi PT Pacific Eastern Coconut Utama.Diharapkan PT Pacific Eastern Coconut Utama dapat meningkatkan pengendalian kualitas dimulai dari kedatangan bahan baku, proses produksi/pengolahan dan proses produk jadi. Dan dapat mengurangi nilai kerusakan/cacat pada produk dan mempertahankan kualitas produk yang dihasilkan telah sesuai dengan spesifikasi dan Standar Operasional Perusahaan. Dan kandungan cita rasa yang gurih sehingga menghasilkan rasa yang lebih lezat. keinginan konsumen agar para konsumen puas dengan produk yang perusahaan ciptakan dan dapat meningkatkan daya beli serta kesetiaan pada produk tersebut
Automation in Construction

The leading causes of construction fatalities include traumatic brain injuries (resulted from fall and electrocution) and collisions (resulted from struck by objects). As a preventive step, the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires that contractors enforce and monitor appropriate usage of personal protective equipment (PPE) of workers (e.g., hard hat and vest) at all times. This paper presents three deep learning (DL) models built on You-Only-Look-Once (YOLO) architecture to verify PPE compliance of workers; i.e., if a worker is wearing hard hat, vest, or both, from image/video in real-time. In the ﬁ rst approach, the algorithm detects workers, hats, and vests and then, a machine learning model (e.g., neural network and decision tree) veri ﬁ es if each detected worker is properly wearing hat or vest. In the second approach, the algorithm simultaneously detects individual workers and veri ﬁ es PPE compliance with a single convolutional neural network (CNN) framework. In the third approach, the algorithm ﬁ rst detects only the workers in the input image which are then cropped and classi ﬁ ed by CNN-based classi ﬁ ers (i.e., VGG-16, ResNet-50, and Xception) according to the presence of PPE attire. All models are trained on an in-house image dataset that is created using crowd-sourcing and web-mining. The dataset, named Pictor-v3 , contains ~1,500 annotated images and ~4,700 instances of workers wearing various combinations of PPE components. It is found that the second approach achieves the best performance, i.e., 72.3% mean average precision (mAP), in real-world settings, and can process 11 frames per second (FPS) on a laptop computer which makes it suitable for real-time detection, as well as a good candidate for running on light-weight mobile devices. The closest alternative in terms of performance (67.93% mAP) is the third approach where VGG-16, ResNet-50, and Xception classi ﬁ ers are assembled in a Bayesian framework. However, the ﬁ rst approach is the fastest among all and can process 13 FPS with 63.1% mAP. The crowed-sourced Pictor-v3 dataset and all trained models are publicly available to support the design and testing of other innovative applications for monitoring safety compliance, and advancing future research in automation in construction.
The arts, Bohemian scenes, and income

ABSTRACT Where and how does arts activity drive neighbourhood revitalization? We explore the impact of arts establishments on income in US zip codes, nationally and across quantiles (from four to seven subgroups) of zip codes stratified by disadvantage (based on income and ethnicity/race). We focus on what is new here: how neighbourhood scenes or the mixes of amenities mediate relationships between the arts and income. One dramatic finding is that more bohemian/hip neighbourhoods tend to have less income, contradicting the accounts from Jane Jacobs, Richard Florida and others. Arts and bohemia generate opposing effects, which emerge if we study not a few cases like Greenwich Village, but use more careful measures and larger number of cases. Some arts factors that distinctly influence neighbourhood income include the number of arts establishments; type and range of arts establishments; levels of disadvantage in a neighbourhood; and specific pre and coexisting neighbourhood amenities. Rock, gospel and house music appeal to distinct audiences. Our discussion connects this vitalizing role for arts activity to broader community development dynamics. These overall results challenge the view that the arts simply follow, not drive, wealth, and suggest that arts-led strategies can foster neighbourhood revitalization across a variety of income, ethnic, and other contexts.