Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinicoradiological Profile and Functional Outcome of Acute Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Hospital-Based Cohort Study

Introduction Acute cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) may result in a variety of clinical presentations, with headache being the most common. The relationship between clinical and neuroradiological characteristics in acute CVT patients is still not univocally characterized. Materials and methods We enrolled 32 consecutive acute CVT patients admitted to our emergency department from January 1, 2012, to June 30, 2019. Clinicoradiological associations and their relationship with the functional outcome at the discharge were tested. Results Headache was the presenting symptom in 85% of patients, more frequently subacute (82%), new-onset (67%), with unusual features in respect to prior headache episodes (100%), and associated with concomitant neurological symptoms/signs (74%). Patients with holocranial headache showed more frequent venous ischemia (VI) compared to those with bilateral and unilateral headache (50% vs. 20% vs. 0%, respectively; p=0.027). Patients with concomitant neurological defects had a higher prevalence of VI (50.0% vs. 15.0%; p=0.049) and superior sagittal sinus thrombosis (67% vs. 30%; p=0.043) than those without. Vomit was more frequently observed in patients with straight sinus thrombosis (67% vs. 8%; p=0.005). Increasing age and VI were independently associated with poor (modified Rankin scale (mRS) 2-5) functional outcome (odds ratio (OR) = 1.081, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.004-1.165; p=0.038 and OR = 12.089, 95% CI 1.141-128.104; p=0.039, respectively). Conclusions Our study confirms and enriches available data on the clinicoradiological profile of patients with acute CVT and suggests that increasing age and venous ischemia are independently associated with poor outcomes.
Screening intrinsic capacity and its epidemiological characterization: a secondary analysis of the Mexican Health and Aging Study

ABSTRACT Objective. To describe the levels of intrinsic capacity and those factors related to its decline in Mexican older adults, using the Mexican Health and Aging Study. Methods. This is a cross-sectional secondary analysis of the 2015 data of the Mexican Health and Aging Study, including adults aged 50 years and above. Selected questions were included to represent each domain of intrinsic capacity screening: cognition, depression, hearing, vision, anorexia, weight loss, and mobility. Sociodemographic characteristics, psychosocial factors, and health conditions were included to assess their association with intrinsic capacity. Further categories were established to assess not only individual characteristics but also different groupings. Along with descriptive statistics, multinomial regression models were performed. Results. From a total of 12 459 adults aged 50 years and above, 54.7% were women and the average age was 71.2 years; 87.8% of the individuals had at least one intrinsic capacity domain affected, and mobility had the highest frequency (47.6%). All domains showed a trend of increasing with age and were higher among women. Self-rated health, chronic diseases, number of visits to a physician in the last year, and ≥2 affected activities of daily living were consistently associated with more intrinsic capacity domains affected. Conclusions. Decreased levels of intrinsic capacity in Mexican older people are associated with less schooling, self-rated health, chronic diseases, visits to a physician, and activities of daily living.
Connecting post-release mortality to the physiological stress response of large coastal sharks in a commercial longline fishery

Bycatch mortality is a major factor contributing to shark population declines. Post-release mortality (PRM) is particularly difficult to quantify, limiting the accuracy of stock assessments. We paired blood-stress physiology with animal-borne accelerometers to quantify PRM rates of sharks caught in a commercial bottom longline fishery. Blood was sampled from the same individuals that were tagged, providing direct correlation between stress physiology and animal fate for sandbar (Carcharhinus plumbeus, N = 130), blacktip (C. limbatus, N = 105), tiger (Galeocerdo cuvier, N = 52), spinner (C. brevipinna, N = 14), and bull sharks (C. leucas, N = 14). PRM rates ranged from 2% and 3% PRM in tiger and sandbar sharks to 42% and 71% PRM in blacktip and spinner sharks, respectively. Decision trees based on blood values predicted mortality with >67% accuracy in blacktip and spinner sharks, and >99% accuracy in sandbar sharks. Ninety percent of PRM occurred within 5 h after release and 59% within 2 h. Blood physiology indicated that PRM was primarily associated with acidosis and increases in plasma potassium levels. Total fishing mortality reached 62% for blacktip and 89% for spinner sharks, which may be under-estimates given that some soak times were shortened to focus on PRM. Our findings suggest that no-take regulations may be beneficial for sandbar, tiger, and bull sharks, but less effective for more susceptible species such as blacktip and spinner sharks.
Improving lifestyle obesity treatment during the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond: New challenges for weight management

The COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in significant changes to daily life and many health‐related behaviors. The objective of this study was to examine how the stay‐at‐home/safer‐at‐home mandates issued in Colorado (March 2020–May 2020) impacted lifestyle behaviors and mental health among individuals with overweight or obesity participating in two separate behavioral weight loss trials (n = 82).
ω3PUFAs improve hepatic steatosis in postnatal overfed rats and HepG2 cells by inhibiting acetyl‐CoA carboxylase

Abstract Postnatal overfeeding can lead to persistent increases in hepatic lipid synthesis and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adulthood. The ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3PUFAs) exhibit beneficial effects on NAFLD. Here, we employed a rat model and an in vitro HepG2 cell model to investigate whether fish oil (FO) affects hepatic lipid synthesis due to postnatal overfeeding. Male Sprague‐Dawley were divided into litter sizes of three (small litters, SLs) or 10 (normal litters, NLs) on postnatal day 3 and were fed standard chow or FO diet beginning on postnatal week 3 to generate NL, SL, NL‐FO, and SL‐FO groups. The results indicated that the FO diet reduced the postnatal overfeeding‐induced body weight gain and NAFLD characteristics (such as serum and liver triglyceride (TG) and hepatic steatosis). In addition, FO restored the expression of hepatic lipid metabolism‐related genes (including SCD1, FASN, CPT1, LPL, ACC, and SREBP‐1c) in SL‐FO rats. Specifically, the activity and expression pattern of ACC were consistent with SREBP‐1c. Furthermore, HepG2 cells were treated with oleic acid (OA), followed by eicosapentenoic acid (EPA), with or without SREBP‐1c siRNA. The cellular lipid droplets, TG content, and the expression of ACC (by 75%) and SREBP‐1c (by 45%) were increased by OA stimulation (p < .05), which was inhibited by EPA treatment. However, the effect of EPA treatment was abolished when SREBP‐1c was silenced. In conclusion, ω3PUFAs‐rich diet may be an effective way to reverse the developmental programming of hepatic lipid synthesis, at least partially, by inhibiting ACC through modulating SREBP‐1c.
Fabrication of porosity-controlled polyethylene terephthalate porous materials using a CO2-assisted polymer compression method

The objective of this study is to fabricate porosity-controlled polyethylene terephthalate porous materials using a CO2-assisted polymer compression (CAPC) method. In a previous study, the CAPC method was used to fabricate porous polymer materials by compressing fabric sheets in the presence of CO2. However, the controllability of the porosity was not clear in the previous study. In this study, it is shown that the porosity of porous polymer materials could be easily controlled by adjusting the operating conditions of the CAPC method, using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nonwoven fabric sheets. Using mercury porosimetry, a decrease in the porosity induced by compression accompanied by a decrease in the pore size is demonstrated. Scanning electron micrographs strongly indicate the plasticization of PET fibers by CO2.
The Relationship Between Dry Eye Disease and Digital Screen Use

Abstract Dry eye disease is characterized by tear film instability that can result in ocular surface damage. Patients with dry eye disease may experience ocular pain/discomfort and visual disturbances that may negatively impact quality of life. Increased use of digital screens for work, communication, and entertainment, especially during times of pandemic, may contribute to dry eye. Extensive cross-sectional studies have shown that digital screen use duration is associated with an increased risk of severe symptoms and clinical diagnosis of dry eye disease in adults. Smartphone use duration has also been found to be greater in school-age children with dry eye disease than in those without dry eye disease. A commonly accepted hypothesis for the relationship between digital screen use and dry eye disease is that digital screen use changes blinking dynamics, leading to ocular dryness. This review describes evidence that digital screen use is associated with dry eye disease, that digital device use alters blinking dynamics, and that dry eye affects mental health and work productivity in digital screen users. Helpful prevention and management strategies for dry eye disease exist for those who use digital screens.
Targeting Reactive Oxygen Species Capacity of Tumor Cells with Repurposed Drug as an Anticancer Therapy

Accumulating evidence shows that elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with cancer initiation, growth, and response to therapies. As concentrations increase, ROS influence cancer development in a paradoxical way, either triggering tumorigenesis and supporting the proliferation of cancer cells at moderate levels of ROS or causing cancer cell death at high levels of ROS. Thus, ROS can be considered an attractive target for therapy of cancer and two apparently contradictory but virtually complementary therapeutic strategies for the regulation of ROS to treat cancer. Despite tremendous resources being invested in prevention and treatment for cancer, cancer remains a leading cause of human deaths and brings a heavy burden to humans worldwide. Chemotherapy remains the key treatment for cancer therapy, but it produces harmful side effects. Meanwhile, the process of de novo development of new anticancer drugs generally needs increasing cost, long development cycle, and high risk of failure. The use of ROS-based repurposed drugs may be one of the promising ways to overcome current cancer treatment challenges. In this review, we briefly introduce the source and regulation of ROS and then focus on the status of repurposed drugs based on ROS regulation for cancer therapy and propose the challenges and direction of ROS-mediated cancer treatment.
The Effect of Different Timings of Delayed Cord Clamping of Term Infants on Maternal and Newborn Outcomes in Normal Vaginal Deliveries

Background and objective Delayed cord clamping (DCC) has proven to be an ideal approach to reduce iron deficiency anemia; however, different timings of DCC relative to the birth outcome lead to conflicting results. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of different timings of DCC on the maternal and neonatal outcomes in normal vaginal deliveries at term. Methods This was an interventional study on neonates born at term without complications to mothers with uneventful pregnancies in the labor unit of a district hospital in Odisha, India. A total of 147 women were randomized to three intervention groups: DCC at one minute, DCC at two minutes, and DCC at three minutes. Hemoglobin and bilirubin levels, maternal blood loss, the timing of the third stage of labor, oxytocin use, and birth weight of the neonates were measured as the outcomes of different timings of DCC. Results At 24-48 hours of age, hemoglobin and bilirubin levels of the neonates were significantly higher with DCC at three minutes compared to DCC at one and two minutes. However, there were no significant differences among the three groups in terms of the need for phototherapy. The duration of the third stage of labor was significantly longer with DCC at three minutes. Maternal blood loss, oxytocin use, and birth weight of the neonates were not significantly associated with the timing of DCC. Conclusion Based on our findings, waiting to clamp the umbilical cord until three minutes can effectively reduce the incidence of iron deficiency anemia in newborns.
Human versus chatbot: Understanding the role of emotion in health marketing communication for vaccines

Abstract Based on the theoretical framework of agency effect, this study examined the role of affect in influencing the effects of chatbot versus human brand representatives in the context of health marketing communication about HPV vaccines. We conducted a 2 (perceived agency: chatbot vs. human) × 3 (affect elicitation: embarrassment, anger, neutral) between‐subject lab experiment with 142 participants, who were randomly assigned to interact with either a perceived chatbot or a human representative. Key findings from self‐reported and behavioral data highlight the complexity of consumer–chatbot communication. Specifically, participants reported lower interaction satisfaction with the chatbot than with the human representative when anger was evoked. However, participants were more likely to disclose concerns of HPV risks and provide more elaborate answers to the perceived human representative when embarrassment was elicited. Overall, the chatbot performed comparably to the human representative in terms of perceived usefulness and influence over participants' compliance intention in all emotional contexts. The findings complement the Computers as Social Actors paradigm and offer strategic guidelines to capitalize on the relative advantages of chatbot versus human representatives.
Exposure to authoritarian values leads to lower positive affect, higher negative affect, and higher meaning in life

Five studies tested the effect of exposure to authoritarian values on positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA), and meaning in life (MIL). Study 1 (N = 1,053) showed that simply completing a measure of right-wing authoritarianism (vs. not) prior to rating MIL led to higher MIL. Preregistered Study 2 (N = 1,904) showed that reading speeches by real-world authoritarians (e.g., Adolf Hitler) led to lower PA, higher NA, and higher MIL than a control passage. In preregistered Studies 3 (N = 1,573) and 4 (N = 1,512), Americans read authoritarian, egalitarian, or control messages and rated mood, MIL, and evaluated the passages. Both studies showed that egalitarian messages led to better mood and authoritarian messages led to higher MIL. Study 5 (N = 148) directly replicated these results with Canadians. Aggregating across studies (N = 3,401), moderational analyses showed that meaning in life, post manipulation, was associated with more favorable evaluations of the authoritarian passage. In addition, PA was a stronger predictor of MIL in the egalitarian and control conditions than in the authoritarian condition. Further results showed no evidence that negative mood (or disagreement) spurred the boost in MIL. Implications and future directions are discussed.
The Impact of Bone Mineral Biomarkers on Cardiac Dysfunction in Predialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Children

Objective To evaluate the association of bone mineral biomarkers of calcium, phosphorus metabolism, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D with diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle and left ventricle mass in predialysis chronic kidney children. Patients and Methods. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 60 children with chronic kidney disease and treated by conservative treatment from October 2018 to September 2019 in the Pediatric Nephrology and Cardiology Department at our University Hospital. Results The most common causes of CKD were congenital renal anomalies accounted for 22 (36.67%) of the studied cases. The mean age of children was 7.05 ± 2.74 years, and 32 (53.33%) were males. The children who had a normal diastolic function were 32 (53.33%), while those who had diastolic dysfunction were 28 (46.67%). There was a statistically significant in serum phosphorus (p value = 0.03), serum PTH (p value = 0.002), and hypertension (p value = 0.03). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between LVMI and iPTH level (r = 0.89, p ≤ 0.0001), 25(OH) cholecalciferol (r = −0.27, p = 0.04), serum Ca (r = −0.37, p = 0.004), and serum phosphorus (r = −0.45, p = 0.0003). Conclusion Our results revealed that hyperparathyroidism, hyperphosphatemia, and hypertension were significantly associated with diastolic dysfunction while hypovitaminosis D was not significantly associated. Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent in all children with CKD. Biomarkers of mineral bone density were significantly associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and increased left ventricular mass index.
Chondrogenic Potential of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Cultured as Microtissues

Several tissue engineering stem cell-based procedures improve hyaline cartilage repair. In this work, the chondrogenic potential of dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) organoids or microtissues was studied. After several weeks of culture in proliferation or chondrogenic differentiation media, synthesis of aggrecan and type II and I collagen was immunodetected, and SOX9, ACAN, COL2A1, and COL1A1 gene expression was analysed by real-time RT-PCR. Whereas microtissues cultured in proliferation medium showed the synthesis of aggrecan and type II and I collagen at the 6th week of culture, samples cultured in chondrogenic differentiation medium showed an earlier and important increase in the synthesis of these macromolecules after 4 weeks. Gene expression analysis showed a significant increase of COL2A1 after 3 days of culture in chondrogenic differentiation medium, while COL1A1 was highly expressed after 14 days. Cell-cell proximity promotes the chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs and important synthesis of hyaline chondral macromolecules.
Treatment of Subcorneal Pustular Dermatosis (Sneddon-Wilkinson Disease) With Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha

Subcorneal pustular dermatosis (SPD), also known as Sneddon-Wilkinson disease, is a skin condition for which treatments are poorly codified. Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) efficacy has been reported in multidrug-resistant SPD, as in our two cases. In the first case, an 83-year-old woman was monitored for SPD, associated with monoclonal IgA gammopathy. After multiple-line treatment failure, infliximab (5mg/kg) led to clinical improvement, noted few days following the first injection, and with complete remission at one month. At 12 months, the patient relapsed and concomitant serum anti-TNFα antibodies were found. A switch to adalimumab led to complete remission in three months with a follow-up of six months. In the second case, a 62-year-old woman was monitored for SPD associated with monoclonal IgA gammopathy recalcitrant to different lines of treatment. Treatment with adalimumab (40mg every two weeks) in combination with dapsone led to significant improvement after two injections. Five months later, she relapsed. It was then decided to reduce the interval between injections to once a week. Rapid improvement was achieved in one month allowing resumption of the original frequency of the injection without relapse after 20 months of follow-up. In conclusion, our cases confirm the previously reported efficacy of anti-TNFα in resistant SPD. They also highlight a risk of secondary loss of efficacy, reinforced by the literature data. Substitution of another TNFα blocker or shortening of interval between injections provided a renewal in response to treatment.
Facing the wrath of enigmatic mutations: a review on the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants amid coronavirus disease‐19 pandemic

Summary The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is an emerging respiratory virus responsible for the ongoing coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) pandemic. More than a year into this pandemic, the COVID‐19 fatigue is still escalating and takes hold of the entire world population. Driven by the ongoing geographical expansion and upcoming mutations, the COVID‐19 pandemic has taken a new shape in the form of emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. These mutations in the viral spike (S) protein enhance the virulence of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants by improving viral infectivity, transmissibility and immune evasion abilities. Such variants have resulted in cluster outbreaks and fresh infection waves in various parts of the world with increased disease severity and poor clinical outcomes. Hence, the variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 pose a threat to human health and public safety. This review enlists the most recent updates regarding the presently characterized variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 recognized by the global regulatory health authorities (WHO, CDC). Based on the slender literature on SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, we collate information on the biological implications of these mutations on virus pathology. We also shed light on the efficacy of therapeutics and COVID‐19 vaccines against the emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 variants.
Altered Functional Connectivity Strength at Rest in Medication-Free Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Background Previous studies explored the whole-brain functional connectome using the degree approach in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, whether the altered degree values can be used to discriminate OCD from healthy controls (HCs) remains unclear. Methods A total of 40 medication-free patients with OCD and 38 HCs underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scan. Data were analyzed with the degree approach and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Results Patients with OCD showed increased degree values in the left thalamus and left cerebellum Crus I and decreased degree values in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, right precuneus, and left postcentral gyrus. SVM classification analysis indicated that the increased degree value in the left thalamus is a marker of OCD, with an acceptable accuracy of 88.46%, sensitivity of 87.50%, and specificity of 89.47%. Conclusion Altered degree values within and outside the cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CSTC) circuit may cocontribute to the pathophysiology of OCD. Increased degree values of the left thalamus can be used as a future marker for OCD understanding-classification.