Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EM Scattering From a Simple Water Surface Composed of Two Time-Varying Sinusoidal Waves

Some novel phenomena, which cannot be well explained by the traditional Bragg scattering theory, have been observed through the electromagnetic (EM) scattering from a water surface composed of two sinusoidal waves. According to the traditional Bragg scattering theory, the scattering intensity from water surface is only proportional to the spectral density of the Bragg resonant waves. However, the scattering field numerically simulated by the method of moment (MoM) method reveals that the resonant scattering field would also be affected by the amplitude of the non-resonant wave. In some special cases, despite the existence of the Bragg resonant waves, the Bragg resonant scattering field disappears when the amplitude of the non-resonant water wave is equal to some specific values. From the numerical results, another noticeable phenomenon is found that the Doppler spectrum of the scattering field is distorted seriously due to the frequency leakage. When the water surface with finite length is illuminated by a plane EM wave, not only the resonance spectral peaks corresponding to the phase velocity of the water wave but also other harmonic peaks appear on the spectrum curve. However, if a Gaussian beam is used instead of the plane EM wave, the harmonic peaks can be effectively suppressed. To better understand the phenomena, the theoretical model of the scattering field from the simple water surface is derived in the framework of the first-order small slope approximation method. And the empirical formulas for selecting the Gaussian beam width and water surface length are also proposed.
Photochemical Production Rates in Western Houston

In this paper, we evaluate the instantaneous O3 chemical production rates, NOx (= NO + NO2) loss rates and ozone production efficiency within ozone plumes sampled on the west side of Houston, Texas, during the Texas 2000 Air Quality Study. We emphasize days during which rapid increases associated with plume passage were observed in the 15-minute average ozone mixing ratio, O3. The basis for this work will be observations of key nitrogen species and VOCs collected from the top of a sky scraper on the western edge of the city. These observations are used in a 0-dimensional model to quantify the chemical kinetics within parcels of air associated with ozone levels in excess of 100 ppb. We identify the key VOCs affecting ozone production and assess the relative role of anthropogenic versus biogenic VOCs to local ozone production. We also examine how the daily variations in ozone production and ozone production efficiencies are related to differences in VOC/NOx ratios.
Estimation of Personality Traits From Portrait Pictures Using the Five-Factor Model

This work presents a model based on Deep Neural Networks for the prediction of apparent personality. It can quantify personality traits with the Five-Factor model (Big Five) from a Portrait image. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach, a new corpus of 30,935 portraits with their associated personality trait was extracted from an existing resource of videos (First Impressions, ChaLearn) tagged with redundant pairwise comparisons to ensure consistency. We propose several models using Convolutional Neural Networks to automatically extract features from a portrait that are indicators of personality traits; then the models classify these characteristics into a binary class for each Big Five factor: openness to experience (O), conscientiousness (C), extraversion (E), agreeableness (A), and neuroticism (N). In addition, we experiment with feature encoding and transfer learning to enrich the representation of images with additional untagged portraits (~45,000 and ~200M), reaching a percentage of accuracy within the state of the art (albeit not directly comparable), obtaining 65.86% as a classifier averaging the 5 factors (O=61.48%, C=69.56%, E=73.23%, A=60.68%, N=64.35%). Compared to human judgment (mean accuracy of 56.66%), the model obtained higher average performance and higher accuracy in 4 of the 5 factors of the Big Five model. In addition, in comparison with the state of the art this model shows several advantages: (1) it requires only a single portrait to make the prediction, being this a non-invasive and easily accessible resource (e.g. selfies) (2) the extraction of features from the portrait is done automatically, (3) a single model performs the extraction of characteristics and classification.
Potent neutralizing equine antibodies raised against recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for COVID-19 passive immunization therapy

We used the trimeric spike (S) glycoprotein (residues 1-1208) in the prefusion conformation to immunize horses for production of hyperimmune globulins against SARS-CoV-2. Serum antibody titers measured by anti-spike ELISA were above 1:1,000,000, and neutralizing antibody titer was 1:14,604 (average PRNT90), which is 140-fold higher than the average neutralizing titer of plasma from three convalescent COVID-19 patients analyzed for comparison. Using the same technology routinely used for industrial production of other horse hyperimmune products, plasma from immunized animals was pepsin digested to remove the Fc portion and purified, yielding a F(ab’)2 preparation with PRNT90 titers 150-fold higher than the neutralizing titers in human convalescent plasma. Repeating the hyperimmunization in a second group of horses confirmed the very high neutralizing titers in serum and in a GMP clinical F(ab’)2 lot. Virus-neutralizing activity in samples from mice that received the F(ab’)2 preparation was detected even three days after injection, indicating an appropriate half-life for therapeutic intervention. These results supported the design of a clinical trial (identifier NCT04573855) to evaluate safety and efficacy of this horse F(ab’)2 preparation.
Mite species of the vegetable crops in Ordu Province with first report of Amblyseius rademacheri Dosse, 1958 (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) in Turkey

Turkiye bircok sebze turunun yetismesi icin uygun ekolojik kosullara sahiptir. Bu calisma 2013-2015 yillari arasinda, Ordu ilinde yetistirilen sebzelerden, fasulye ( Phaseolus vulgaris L., Fabaceae), misir ( Zea mays L., Poaceae), hiyar ( Cucumis sativus L., Cucurbitaceae), patlican ( Solanum melongena L., Solanaceae), pirasa ( Allium porrum L., Alliaceae), marul ( Lactuca sativa L., Asteraceae), sogan ( Allium cepa L., Alliaceae), biber ( Capsicum annuum L., Solanaceae), patates ( Solanum tuberosum L., Solanaceae), turp ( Raphanus sativus L., Brassicaceae), domates ( Solanum lycopersicum L., Solanaceae), karpuz ( Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai. , Cucurbitaceae) ve kabak ( Cucurbita sp., Cucurbitaceae) uzerinde bulunan akar turlerini belirlemek amaci ile yurutulmustur. Orneklemeler her yilin nisan-kasim aylari arasinda haftalik olarak yapilmistir. Calisma boyunca 2030 adet akar toplanmis ve incelenmistir. Uc alt takima bagli 15 familya ve 30 cinsden toplam 43 akar turu saptanmistir. Belirlenen akarlar arasinda en yaygin bitki zararlisi tur, Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) iken en yaygin predator tur ise Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) olmustur. Ayrica calisma da belirlenen Amblyseius rademacheri Dosse, 1958 (Mesostigmata: Pyhtoseiidae) turu, Turkiye predator akar faunasi icin yeni kayit niteligindedir. Solanum melongena L. (Solanaceae) uzerinden toplanan bu tur tanimlanarak cizimleri sunulmustur. Ayrica Turkiye’de tespit edilmis Amblyseius cinsi akarlar icin teshis anahtari da verilmistir.
Real effects of accounting for leases*

In response to the criticism that firms keep a significant amount of financing off-balance sheet through operating leases, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) have worked together to produce a new set of standards that will require firms to capitalize most leases starting in 2019. Exploiting intertemporal variations in lease accounting rules in 41 countries over the 1995-2015 period, we show that lease capitalization rules negatively affect firm-level investment. This result does not seem to be driven by pretreatment differences between treatment and control firms and is robust to a long list of sensitivity checks and alternative design choices. We also find that lease capitalization rules negatively impact firm-level profitability. Our results are stronger for lease-intensive firms suggesting that our results are due to lease capitalization rules rather than concurrent accounting changes or macroeconomic shocks. Finally, the impact of lease capitalization rules on investment and profitability is more pronounced for financially distressed firms consistent with the notion that our results are driven, at least in part, by a financing channel. Taken together, our findings provide support for the argument that lease capitalization rules may have negative consequences for firm investment and profitability. * We appreciate helpful comments and suggestions from Aleksander Aleszczyk, Andy Bauer, Karthik Balakrishnan, Darren Bernard, Bill Bosco, Stefano Cascino, Valentin Dimitrov, Aytekin Ertan, John Hepp, David Koo, Laura Li, Shiva Shivakumar, Li Zhang, and workshop participants at London Business School, Rutgers University, and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. We thank Ryan Erhard, Lauren Fan, Alexander Gu, and Jared Kahl for excellent research assistance. Chen and Urcan gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Accountancy Department at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
ACCOUNTABLE MANAGEMENT IN SPANISH HOTELS: AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF THE STAKEHOLDERS’ RELATIONSHIPS

Given the recognition of the relevance of stakeholders in sustainable enterprise management, the purpose of this study is to explore the implementation and formalization of the relationship with stakeholders within a changing management context. The research is contextualized in the hotel sector in Spain using a corporate social responsibility approach as a theoretical framework of reference. The paper adopts an exploratory perspective and employs a qualitative approach. In particular, a multiple case -study is used to gain deep insights into a contemporary and complex issue within its real -life context, and three case studies are purposefully selected in order to be able to conduct cross -case comparisons. There are similarities and differences that reflect the status of implementation and formalization of the relationship with stakeholders in the three cases studied. There is agreement on the strategic impact of the relationship; however, at the operational level, the integration of stakeholders in corporate governance is found at different stages.
Pathophysiological mechanisms of liver injury in COVID‐19

The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has resulted in a world‐wide pandemic. Disseminated lung injury with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the main cause of mortality in COVID‐19. Although liver failure does not seem to occur in the absence of pre‐existing liver disease, hepatic involvement in COVID‐19 may correlate with overall disease severity and serve as a prognostic factor for the development of ARDS. The spectrum of liver injury in COVID‐19 may range from direct infection by SARS‐CoV‐2, indirect involvement by systemic inflammation, hypoxic changes, iatrogenic causes such as drugs and ventilation to exacerbation of underlying liver disease. This concise review discusses the potential pathophysiological mechanisms for SARS‐CoV‐2 hepatic tropism as well as acute and possibly long‐term liver injury in COVID‐19.
Biocultural evidence of precise manual activities in an Early Holocene individual of the high-altitude Peruvian Andes.

OBJECTIVES Cuncaicha, a rockshelter site in the southern Peruvian Andes, has yielded archaeological evidence for human occupation at high elevation (4,480 masl) during the Terminal Pleistocene (12,500-11,200 cal BP), Early Holocene (9,500-9,000 cal BP), and later periods. One of the excavated human burials (Feature 15-06), corresponding to a middle-aged female dated to ~8,500 cal BP, exhibits skeletal osteoarthritic lesions previously proposed to reflect habitual loading and specialized crafting labor. Three small tools found in association with this burial are hypothesized to be associated with precise manual dexterity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we tested this functional hypothesis through the application of a novel multivariate methodology for the three-dimensional analysis of muscle attachment surfaces (entheses). This original approach has been recently validated on both lifelong-documented anthropological samples as well as experimental studies in nonhuman laboratory samples. Additionally, we analyzed the three-dimensional entheseal shape and resulting moment arms for muscle opponens pollicis. RESULTS Results show that Cuncaicha individual 15-06 shows a distinctive entheseal pattern associated with habitual precision grasping via thumb-index finger coordination, which is shared exclusively with documented long-term precision workers from recent historical collections. The separate geometric morphometric analysis revealed that the individual's opponens pollicis enthesis presents a highly projecting morphology, which was found to strongly correlate with long joint moment arms (a fundamental component of force-producing capacity), closely resembling the form of Paleolithic hunter-gatherers from diverse geo-chronological contexts of Eurasia and North Africa. DISCUSSION Overall, our findings provide the first biocultural evidence to confirm that the lifestyle of some of the earliest Andean inhabitants relied on habitual and forceful precision grasping tasks.
Variability of mitochondrial energy balance across brain regions

Brain is not homogenous and neurons from various brain regions are known to have different vulnerabilities to mitochondrial mutations and mitochondrial toxins. However, it is not clear if this vulnerability is connected to different energy metabolism in specific brain regions. Here, using live‐cell imaging, we compared mitochondrial membrane potential and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) redox balance in acute rat brain slices in different brain regions and further detailed the mitochondrial metabolism in primary neurons and astrocytes from rat cortex, midbrain and cerebellum. We have found that mitochondrial membrane potential is higher in brain slices from the hippocampus and brain stem. In primary co‐cultures, mitochondrial membrane potential in astrocytes was lower than in neurons, whereas in midbrain cells it was higher than in cortex and cerebellum. The rate of NADH production and mitochondrial NADH pool were highest in acute slices from midbrain and midbrain primary neurons and astrocytes. Although the level of adenosine tri phosphate (ATP) was similar among primary neurons and astrocytes from cortex, midbrain and cerebellum, the rate of ATP consumption was highest in midbrain cells that lead to faster neuronal and astrocytic collapse in response to inhibitors of ATP production. Thus, midbrain neurons and astrocytes have a higher metabolic rate and ATP consumption that makes them more vulnerable to energy deprivation.
Habitat components and population density drive plant litter consumption by Eudrilus eugeniae Kinberg, 1867 (Oligochaeta) under tropical conditions.

The ingestion of organic and mineral materials by earthworms is a prominent functional role that has profound consequences for the decomposition and stabilization of soil organic matter. To investigate the litter consumption of the African nightcrawler earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg, 1867) under different tropical conditions, (i) we used DNA barcoding to identify specimens of E. eugeniae collected from sites across the Adamawa region in Cameroon, and (ii) studied the influence of habitat suitability (soil properties), soil moisture, litter type and population density on litter consumption. A total of four litter consumption experiments were carried out using soils collected from refuse disposal sites, agricultural lands and savannahs dominated by the Mexican sunflower Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl). The results revealed that litter consumption significantly increased in the refuse disposal and agricultural soils as opposed to the Mexican sunflower (T. diversifolia) soil, a cow dung enriched substrate and a sterile soil horizon from the savannah (P < 0.05). The optimum moistures for litter consumption were between 24 and 50%. Litter type did not affect the consumption rate of the earthworms (P > 0.05). We observed a general positive density dependent consumption with litter mass loss increasing with increasing density. Our results suggest that E. eugeniae has a strong direct effect on the decomposition of plant materials than expected from previous estimations, and that litter consumption rates are determined by several habitat components and population density. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Pain Experience and Tolerance of Awake In‐Office Upper Airway Procedures: Influencing Factors

Awake, unsedated in‐office upper airway procedures are performed frequently and have high completion rates, yet less is known about the patients' pain experience and potentially influencing factors. It is also unclear if patients' pain experiences become worse with repeated procedures. We identified procedure‐ and patient‐related factors that might influence procedural completion and pain scores.
Limitations of Using Cultured Algae to Study Cnidarian‐Algal Symbioses and Suggestions for Future Studies

Much of our understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying cnidarian‐algal symbiosis comes from studying the biological differences between the partners when they are engaged in symbiosis and when they are isolated from one another. When comparing the in hospite and ex hospite states in Symbiodiniaceae, the in hospite state is represented by algae sampled from hosts, and the ex hospite state is commonly represented by cultured algae. The use of cultured algae in this comparison may introduce nutrition as a confounding variable because, while hosts are kept in nutrient‐depleted conditions, culture media is nutrient rich and designed to facilitate algal growth. In this perspective, we reexamine how nutrition may be a confounding variable in studies that compare the biology of Symbiodiniaceae in hospite and in culture. We also suggest several innovations in experimental design to strengthen the comparison of the two lifestyles, including the adoption of nutritional controls, alternatives to culture for the representation of Symbiodiniaceae ex hospite, and the adoption of several proteomic approaches to find novel Symbiodiniaceae genes important for symbiosis.
Longitudinal declines in event-based, but not time-based, prospective memory among community-dwelling older adults

ABSTRACT Age-related deficits in prospective memory (PM) are well established, but it is not known whether PM is stable over time among older adults. In this study, 271 community-dwelling older adults underwent abaseline neuropsychological evaluation and up to three follow-up visits, approximately 2.4 years apart. Mixed effects linear longitudinal models revealed small, but significant linear declines and between-subjects variability in event-based PM performance. There were no changes in performance on measures of time-based PM, retrospective memory, or executive functions. Changes in event-based PM were not associated with age, retrospective memory, executive functions, or everyday functioning. Among older adults, event-based PM appears to be more susceptible to linear declines than does time-based PM, which future research might examine with regard to the possible underlying cognitive mechanisms of cue encoding, monitoring, detection, and retrieval processes.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation for prevention and treatment of perinatal depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials

Abstract Background Available interventions for preventing and treating perinatal depression remain unsatisfactory. Aims We examined the prophylactic and therapeutic effects, as well as adverse effects, of n-3 PUFA supplementation in reducing depressive symptoms during perinatal periods. Methods We included randomized, placebo-controlled trials that reported the changes of depression severity after the perinatal participants received n-3 PUFA supplementation. After the comprehensive searches in October 2019, we selected the trials, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of included trials. We compared the standardized mean differences (SMD) of depression score changes between groups using a random-effect model. Results We included 11 trials in the meta-analysis and one more trial for qualitative analysis (N = 3,181). The pooled standardized mean of decreased depression scores revealed no statistically significant difference between the n-3 PUFA and the placebo groups (N = 920, SMDs = −0.05, 95% CI −0.20 to 0.10, I2 = 21%). The pooled SMDs showed no statistically significant efficacy of n-3 PUFA supplementation for prevention (N = 779, SMDs = −0.03, 95% CI −0.20 to 0.13, I2 = 24%) and treatment (N = 141, SMDs = −0.14, 95% CI −0.55 to 0.27, I2 = 31%) of perinatal depression. The efficacy of n-3 PUFA supplementation was not associated with the daily doses of DHA, EPA, or DHA plus EPA. No trial reported any serious adverse effect of n-3 PUFA supplements. Conclusions Although n-3 PUFA supplementation may improve maternal and infant outcomes, our meta-analysis found insufficient evidence to determine its benefit for perinatal depression.
Graph Invariants - A Tool to Analyze Hydrogen Bonding in Ice and Water Clusters

We have studied a wide range of aqueous systems, from the order/disorder in the hydrogen bond network of ordinary ice, a fundamental problem in ice physics for over 70 years, to properties of water clusters. A common theoretical difficulty in these systems is the enormous number of hydrogen bond arrangements that must be considered in these systems, and for which no systematic treatment has been available. Our analytical method based on graph theory and the introduction of graph invariants provides a means for efficient and reliable analysis. Recent investigations of water clusters have demonstrated that graph invariants provide a powerful tool for capturing very complex behavior using only a small number of parameters, and some of our findings have uncovered unknown aspects of the behavior of water clusters. Applications of this analytic method provide insight into the nature of hydrogen bond disorder in ice, and impact our understanding of chemical reactions in water clusters important to environmental chemistry.