Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-sterility in ﬂowering plants: preventing self-fertilization increases family diversiﬁcation rates

† Background and Scope New data are presented on the distribution and frequency of self-sterility (SS) – predominantly pre-zygotic self-incompatibility (SI) systems – in ﬂowering plants and the hypothesis is tested that families with self-sterile taxa have higher net diversiﬁcation rates (DRs) than those with exclusively self- compatible taxa using both absolute and relative rate tests. † Key Results Three major forms of SI systems (where pollen is rejected at the stigmatic, stylar or ovarian interface) are found to occur in the oldest families of ﬂowering plants, with times of divergence . 100 million years before the present (mybp), while post-fertilization SS and heterostyly appear in families with crown ages of 81 and 87 mybp, respectively. It is also founnd that many (22) angiosperm families exhibit . 1 SI phenotype and that the distribution of different types of SS does not show strong phylogenetic clustering, collectively suggesting that SS and SI systems have evolved repeatedly de novo in angiosperm history. Families bearing self-sterile taxa have higher absolute DRs using all available calibrations of the angiosperm tree, and this affect is caused mostly by the high DR of families with homomorphic SI systems (in particular stigmatic SI) or those in which multiple SS/SI phenotypes have been observed (polymorphic). Lastly, using sister comparisons, it is further demonstrated that in 29 of 38 sister pairs (including 95 families), the self-sterile sister group had higher species richness and DR than its self-compatible sister based on either the total number of taxa in the clade with SS or only the estimated fraction to harbour SS based on literature surveys. † Conclusions Collectively, these analyses point to the importance of SS, particularly pre-zygotic SI in the evolution of ﬂowering plants.
Social and Environmental Concerns of Flower Farms in Central Ethiopia

— The extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides in the flower farming industries has been linked to negative environmental and social impacts. The cross-sectional study was conducted to assess social and environmental concerns of flower farms in Central Ethiopia using questionnaires, focus group discussion and field visits. This study revealed that 317 (52.75%) of respondents reported that flower farms have been disposing of their flower residue of in the open field. The findings of this study showed that 216(36%) of inhabitants buy or receive empty chemical bags and containers that had been disposed by the flower farms. Focus Group Discussion participants perceived the decrease in volume and quality of groundwater, a decrease in productivity, land degradation, and increased emerging diseases due to the existence of flower farms in the area. In addition, they reported abuse of employee rights, displacement of farmers from fertile land, death of cattle and fish, loss of acceptance for their agricultural and fish products. In conclusion, this study revealed that there are a poor waste management and unsustainable activities by the flower farms. The government should closely monitor these farms and undergo a holistic study to quantify environmental and local inhabitant’s opportunity costs of flower farming activity.
Exceptional Case Leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 (LECT2) amyloidosis presenting as pulmonary-renal syndrome: a case report and review of the literature

Leukocyte chemotactic factor-2 (LECT2) amyloidosis has been described as being associated with kidney disease; however, no clinical manifestations outside of the kidney have been previously reported. We describe a patient presenting with pulmonary-renal syndrome found to have deposition of amyloidogenic LECT2 (ALECT2) within both the lung and the kidney. This case is unique in regard to both the patient ’ s clinical presentation of pulmonary-renal syndrome in the setting of amyloidosis and the biopsy ﬁ nding of ALECT2 deposition within the lung. It also emphasizes the importance of tissue diagnosis in such cases, given that amyloidosis was not initially considered in the differen- tial diagnosis.
Interference and Sensitivity Analysis this share you. Your story

Causal inference with interference is a rapidly growing area. The literature has begun to relax the “no-interference” assumption that the treatment received by one individual does not affect the outcomes of other individuals. In this paper we briefly review the literature on causal inference in the presence of interference when treatments have been randomized. We then consider settings in which causal effects in the presence of interference are not identified, either because randomization alone does not suffice for identification, or because treatment is not randomized and there may be unmeasured confounders of the treatment-outcome relationship. We develop sensitivity analysis techniques for these settings. We describe several sensitivity analysis techniques for the infectiousness effect which, in a vaccine trial, captures the effect of the vaccine of one person on protecting a second person from infection even if the first is infected. We also develop two sensitivity analysis techniques for causal effects in the presence of unmeasured confounding which generalize analogous techniques when interference is absent. These two techniques for unmeasured confounding are compared and contrasted.
TO COMPARE THE COGNITIVE ABILITY OF PRECLINICAL MEDICAL STUDENTS AT DIFFERENT TIMES OF THE WORKING DAY AND CORRELATE THIS WITH THEIR MORNINGNESS-EVENINGNESS STATUS

Introduction: Student's cognitive levels have been implicated with their learning ability, whether they are the morning type or evening type. Morningness-eveningness refers to individual differences in circadian phase position of spontaneous sleep-wake rhythms and to subject alertness. Objective: To determine if there is an association between time of day and cognitive levels. Methodology: This project was a questionnaire study, and 137 volunteers were recruited from Year 2 preclinical medical students Batch 8 in MAHSA University. Pre-study, each research subject filled in a Student's Circadian Rhythm questionnaire. Word-finding crossword puzzles were used to estimate the cognitive level of subjects and were administered at two fixed times during a normal working day. Results: Our results indicate that 32.12% of the students are of the evening type, 9.49% are of the morning type and 58.39% of the students tested were neither morning nor evening types. We also found no relationship between their status (morning-type or evening-type) and their cognitive level, as most of the students performed better in the mornings. Conclusion: Our study has shown that the cognitive level is higher in the morning as compared to the evening in all types of students.
ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION Does Lipoprotein(a) Impair Endothelial Function?

Objectives. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] impairs endothelial function. Background. Elevated Lp(a) plasma levels have been demonstrated to be associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease. In atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction is known to be an early indicator of vascular changes. However, the effect of Lp(a) on nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilator response has not yet been determined. We therefore examined the inﬂuence of Lp(a) on basal and stimulated NO-mediated vasodilator response in the forearm vascular bed. used to measure changes in of 37 plasma concentrations were determined by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. forearm classiﬁed according to individual contrast, in forearm -NMMA
Evaluation of Deep Convolutional Neural Network Architectures for Strawberry Quality Inspection

Fruits quality inspection is important task on agriculture industry. Automated inspection using machine and vision technology have been widely used for increasing accuracy and decreasing working cost. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a type of deep learning that had a great success in large scale image and video recognition. In this research, we investigate the effect of different deep convolutional neural network architectures on its accuracy in strawberry grading system (quality inspection). We evaluate different types of existing deep CNN architectures such as AlexNet, MobileNet, GoogLeNet, VGGNet, and Xception, and we compare them with two layers CNN architecture as our baseline. Here, we have done two experiments, the first is two classes strawberry classification and the second is four classes strawberry classification. Results show that VGGNet achieves the best accuracy, while GoogLeNet achieves the most computational efficient architecture. The results are consistent on both two classes classification and four classes classification.
RKDG and Hybrid RKDG+HWENO Schemes for Divergence-Free Magnetohydrodynamics Part I - Formulation and One-Dimensional Tests

Balsara (2001) showed the importance of divergence-free reconstruction in adaptive mesh refinement problems for magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and the importance of the same for designing robust second order schemes for MHD was shown in Balsara (2004). In this paper we show that the reconstruction of divergence-free vector fields can be carried out with better than second order accuracy. As a result, we design divergence-free RKDG and hybrid RKDG+HWENO schemes for MHD that have accuracies that are better than second order. Accuracy analysis is carried out and it is shown that the schemes meet their design accuracy for smooth problems. Stringent one-dimensional tests are also presented showing that the schemes perform well on those tests.
Studying Shear Performance of Flax Fiber-Reinforced Clay by Triaxial Test

Laboratory triaxial tests were carried out to investigate the reinforcement mechanism, to study the characteristics of flax fiber-reinforced clay, and to discuss the effect on stress-strain relationship and shear strength parameters of flax fiber-reinforced clay in different flax fiber content and different confining pressure. Respectively, the ratio of fiber content to clay by weight is 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1.0%, and the confining pressure is 100 kPa, 200 kPa, and 300 kPa in triaxial test. The test results show that, the shear strength of flax fiber-reinforced clay is greater than that of pure clay. Compared with the pure clay, the shear strength of flax fiber-reinforced clay increased as the cohesion and friction increased; while the increase of the friction is relatively small, the increase of cohesion is large. The shear strength firstly increased and then reduced with the increase of flax fiber content. When the fiber content was 0.8%, the shear strength reached a peak value, and the shear strength reduced with the further increase of fiber content.
Multiplex PCR for the detection of seven virulence factors and K1/K2 capsular 1 of pneumoniae

27 A single multiplex PCR assay targeting seven virulence factors and the wzi gene specific for 28 K1 and K2 capsular serotypes of Klebsiella pneumoniae was developed and tested on 65 29 clinical isolates which included 45 isolates responsible for community-acquired severe human 30 infections. The assay is useful for surveillance of highly virulent strains which are emerging. 31 32
Metabolic Proﬁle Discriminates and Predicts Arabidopsis Susceptibility to Virus under Field Conditions

: As obligatory parasites, plant viruses alter host cellular metabolism. There is a lack of information on the variability of virus-induced metabolic responses among genetically diverse plants in a natural context with daily changing conditions. To decipher the metabolic landscape of plant-virus interactions in a natural setting, twenty-six and ten accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana were inoculated with Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), in two ﬁeld experiments over 2 years. The accessions were measured for viral accumulation, above-ground biomass, targeted and untargeted metabolic proﬁles. The phenotypes of the accessions ranged from susceptibility to resistance. Susceptible and resistant accessions were shown to have different metabolic routes after inoculation. Susceptible genotypes accumulate primary and secondary metabolites upon infection, at the cost of hindered growth. Twenty-one metabolic signatures signiﬁcantly accumulated in resistant accessions whereas they maintained their growth as mock-inoculated plants without biomass penalty. Metabolic content was demonstrated to discriminate and be highly predictive of the susceptibility of inoculated Arabidopsis . This study is the ﬁrst to describe the metabolic landscape of plant-virus interactions in a natural setting and its predictive link to susceptibility. It provides new insights on plant-virus interactions. In this undomesticated species and in ecologically realistic conditions, growth and resistance are in a permanent conversation.
DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Measuring cognitive ability with the overclaiming technique Measuring cognitive ability with the overclaiming technique

The overclaiming technique requires respondents to rate their familiarity with a list of general knowledge items (persons, places, things). Because 20% of the items are foils (i.e., do not exist), the response pattern can be analyzed with signal detection methods to yield the accuracy and bias scores for each respondent. In Study 1, the accuracy index showed strong associations with two standard IQ tests ( β = .50–.59). Study 2 rep-licated the validity of the accuracy index with IQ and showed coherent associations with school grades, peer ratings, and self-ratings. Study 3 ensured that the validity of the accuracy index is invulnerable to a warning about foils. Study 4 showed that validity is maintained even when the ratings are completed at home. The discussion focuses on the advantages of this self-report approach over standard ability tests, namely, minimal stress, lack of time limit, or need for supervision, and flexibility of content.
ON SEMIDEFINITE RELAXATIONS FOR THE BLOCK MODEL 1

The stochastic block model (SBM) is a popular tool for community detection in networks, but ﬁtting it by maximum likelihood (MLE) involves a computationally infeasible optimization problem. We propose a new semidefinite programming (SDP) solution to the problem of ﬁtting the SBM, derived as a relaxation of the MLE. We put ours and previously proposed SDPs in a uniﬁed framework, as relaxations of the MLE over various subclasses of the SBM, which also reveals a connection to the well-known problem of sparse PCA. Our main relaxation, which we call SDP-1, is tighter than other recently proposed SDP relaxations, and thus previously established theoretical guarantees carry over. However, we show that SDP-1 exactly recovers true communities over a wider class of SBMs than those covered by current results. In particular, the assumption of strong assortativity of the SBM, implicit in consistency conditions for previously proposed SDPs, can be relaxed to weak assortativity for our approach, thus signiﬁcantly broadening the class of SBMs covered by the consistency results. We also show that strong assortativity is indeed a necessary condition for exact recovery for previously proposed SDP approaches and not an artifact of the proofs. Our analysis of SDPs is based on primal-dual witness constructions, which provides some in-sight into the nature of the solutions of various SDPs. In particular, we show how to combine features from SDP-1 and already available SDPs to achieve the most ﬂexibility in terms of both assortativity and block-size constraints, as our relaxation has the tendency to produce communities of similar sizes. This tendency makes it the ideal tool for ﬁtting network histograms, a method gaining popularity in the graphon estimation literature, as we illustrate on an example of a social networks of dolphins. We also provide empirical evidence that SDPs outperform spectral methods for ﬁtting SBMs with a large number of blocks.
Understanding Migration Drivers METHODOLOGY, SENSITIVITY, AND HETEROGENEITY

Although fragmented by disciplinary boundaries, most migration theories tend to agree on the importance of economic factors in driving the flows of international migration. Nevertheless, empirically, the significance of economic factors is not unequivocal, which makes future mobility patterns difficult to foresee with certainty. This report seeks to understand what undermines the consistency of empirical findings from a methodological perspective. Specifically, we reviewed common approaches for estimating the migration responses to economic disparities, and found that the estimates are very sensitive to different model assumptions and specifications. We further derived a Flow Specific Common Correlated Effects (FSCCE) model. The model estimates revealed pervasive heterogeneity; the economic motives vary substantially depending on migrants' countries of origin and their choices of destination in the European Union. This report Deliverable 3.2 for Work 3 of the HumMingBird project. Abstract Although fragmented by disciplinary boundaries, most migration theories tend to agree on the importance of economic factors in driving the ﬂows of international migration. Nevertheless, empirically, the signiﬁcance of economic factors is not unequivocal, which makes future mobility patterns diﬃcult to foresee with cer-tainty. This report seeks to understand what undermines the consistency of empirical ﬁndings from a methodological perspective. Speciﬁcally, we reviewed common approaches for estimating the migration responses to economic disparities, and found that the estimates are very sensitive to diﬀerent model assumptions and spec-iﬁcations. We further derived a Flow Speciﬁc Common Correlated Eﬀects (FSCCE) model. The model estimates revealed pervasive heterogeneity; the economic motives vary substantially depending on migrants’ countries of origin and their choices of destination in the European Union.
Cellular and molecular basis for the regulation of inflammation by TGF- b

Transforming growth factor- b (TGF- b ) has been shown to play an essential role in the suppression of inﬂammation, yet recent studies have revealed the positive roles of TGF- b in inﬂammatory responses. For ex-ample, TGF- b induces Foxp3-positive regulatory T cells (iTregs) in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2), while in the presence of IL-6, it induces pathogenic IL-17 producing Th17 cells. TGF- b inhibits the proliferation of immune cells as well as cytokine production via Foxp3-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Little is known about molecular mechanisms involved in immune suppression via TGF- b ; however, Smad2/3 have been shown to play essential roles in Foxp3 induction as well as in IL-2 and IFN- c suppression, whereas Th17 differentiation is promoted via the Smad-independent pathway. Interaction between TGF- b and other cytokine signaling is important in establishing the balance of immunity and tolerance.
Job Design and Its Impact on the Job Strain: Analyzing the Job as a Moderating Variable in the Private Hospitals in Irbid

The study aims to identify the impact of the job strain in the private hospitals in Irbid, as well as the role of the job analysis in improving the impact of the job design on the job strain of employees in the surveyed hospitals. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to a random sample of (170) employees. There were (147) questionnaires valid for the analysis. A number of statistical methods were used which included, descriptive, correlation coefficient and multiple and smiple regression to test the hypotheses and answer the questions of the study. The results show that there is a significant impact for the job design on the job strain for employees in the private hospitals in Irbid. Moreover, the study reveals an impact for the job analysis as a moderating variable in improving the relationship between the job design and the job strain in the surveyed hospitals. The study recommends that the management of the surveyed hospitals focuses on the elements of the job design that included task identity, task significance, autonomy and feedback which have great significance effect in reducing the job strain. It also recommends paying more attention to the job description cards in order to use them when designing jobs because these more reduction to reducing the job strain. analysis in the hospital determines the physical and conditions of the job (such as the work environment dimensions, the degree of exposure to risks, and temperature).
Edinburgh Research Explorer Competitive foreclosure

We present a model where oligopolistic (cid:133)rms producing substitutes compete for inputs in a decentralized market. Input suppliers are capacity constrained (or produce under exclusivity). Compared to a price-taking input market, the incentive to foreclose downstream competitors not only leads to higher input prices, but it also results in a higher aggregate amount of input acquired. This novel feature mitigates the output reducing e⁄ect of downstream market power and may even restore e¢ ciency in the unique (input) market clearing equilibrium. Other equilibria where (cid:133)rms endogenously coordinate on which suppliers to target result in excess input supply (involuntary unemployment, if input is labor) and even higher input prices. Our insights generalize to alternative vertical structures. JEL Codes: D43, L11, L13.
Special Section on Pediatric Drug Disposition and Pharmacokinetics Quantification of Flavin-containing Monooxygenases 1, 3, and 5 in Human Liver Microsomes by UPLC-MRM-Based Targeted Quantitative Proteomics and Its Application to the Study of Ontogeny s

Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) have a significant role in the metabolism of small molecule pharmaceuticals. Among the five human FMOs, FMO1, FMO3, and FMO5 are the most relevant to hepatic drug metabolism. Although age-dependent hepatic protein expression, based on immunoquantification, has been reported previously for FMO1 and FMO3, there is very little information on hepatic FMO5 protein expression. To overcome the limitations of immunoquantification, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-based targeted quantitative proteomic method was developed and optimized for the quantification of FMO1, FMO3, and FMO5 in human liver microsomes (HLM). A post-in silico product ion screening process was incorporated to verify LC-MRM detection of potential signature peptides before their synthesis.Thedevelopedmethodwasvalidatedbycorrelatingmarker substrate activity and protein expression in a panel of adult individual donor HLM (age 39 – 67 years). The mean (range) protein expression of FMO3 and FMO5 was 46 (26 – 65) pmol/mg HLM protein and 27 (11.5 – 49)pmol/mgHLMprotein,respectively.Todemonstratequantification of FMO1, a panel of fetal individual donor HLM (gestational age 14 – 20 weeks)wasanalyzed.Themean(range)FMO1proteinexpressionwas 7.0 (4.9 – 9.7) pmol/mg HLM protein. Furthermore, the ontogenetic proteinexpressionofFMO5wasevaluatedinfetal,pediatric,andadult HLM. The quantification of FMO proteins also was compared using two different calibration standards, recombinant proteins versus synthetic signature peptides, to assess the ratio between holoprotein versus total protein. In conclusion, a UPLC-MRM-based targeted quantitative proteomic method has been developed for the quantification of FMO enzymes in HLM. of NADPH, their stability was examined during the preincubation (5 minutes at 33 (cid:2) C) with substrate only. Results showed no significant difference in cimetidine sulfoxidation activities of recombinant FMO1, FMO3, and the pooled HLM between preincubation with substrate cimetidine only and preincubation with NADPH (data not shown), indicating stability of FMO enzymes during the preincubation with substrate only.