Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lightning‐channel morphology revealed by return‐stroke radiation field waveforms

Simultaneous video and wideband electric field recordings of 32 cloud-to-ground lightning flashes in Florida were analyzed to show that the formation of new channels to ground can be detected by examination of the return-stroke radiation fields alone. The return-stroke E and dE/dt waveforms were subjectively classified according to their fine structure. Then the video images were examined field by field to identify each waveform with a visible channel to ground. Fifty-five correlated waveforms and channel images were obtained. Of these, all 34 first-stroke waveforms (multiple jagged E peaks, noisy dE/dt), 8 of which were not radiated by the chronologically first stroke in the flash, came from new channels to ground (not previously seen on video). All 18 subsequent-stroke waveforms (smoothly rounded E and quiet dE/dt after the initial peak) were radiated by old channels (illuminated by a previous stroke). Two double-ground waveforms (two distinct first-return-stroke pulses separated by tens of microseconds or less) coincided with video fields showing two new channels. One “anomalous-stroke” waveform (beginning like a first stroke and ending like a subsequent) was produced by a new channel segment to ground branching off an old channel. This waveform classification depends on the presence or absence of high-frequency fine structure. Fourier analysis shows that first-stroke waveforms contain about 18 dB more spectral power in the frequency interval from 500 kHz to at least 7 MHz than subsequent-stroke waveforms for at least 13 μs after the main peak.
The Influence of Self-Leadership and Professional Competence on Teacher Performance

This study aims to examine the effect of self-leadership and professional competence on teacher performance in Raudhatul Athfal's Temanggung District. This study used a purposive random sampling technique with a quantitative approach. The research subjects were 61 Raudhatul Athfal teachers in Temanggung Regency. The independent variables in this study are self-leadership and professional competence, while the dependent variable is teacher performance. Data was collected using a Google Form questionnaire on self-leadership, professional competence, and teacher performance indicators. The data were analyzed using Smart PLS 4. The results showed a positive and significant effect of self-leadership on teacher performance. Likewise, the analysis results of professional competency variables also positively and significantly influence teacher performance
Efficacy of HDAC Inhibitors in Driving Peroxisomal β-Oxidation and Immune Responses in Human Macrophages: Implications for Neuroinflammatory Disorders

Elevated levels of saturated very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in cell membranes and secreted lipoparticles have been associated with neurotoxicity and, therefore, require tight regulation. Excessive VLCFAs are imported into peroxisomes for degradation by β-oxidation. Impaired VLCFA catabolism due to primary or secondary peroxisomal alterations is featured in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders such as X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we identified that healthy human macrophages upregulate the peroxisomal genes involved in β-oxidation during myelin phagocytosis and pro-inflammatory activation, and that this response is impaired in peripheral macrophages and phagocytes in brain white matter lesions in MS patients. The pharmacological targeting of VLCFA metabolism and peroxisomes in innate immune cells could be favorable in the context of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. We previously identified the epigenetic histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors entinostat and vorinostat to enhance VLCFA degradation and pro-regenerative macrophage polarization. However, adverse side effects currently limit their use in chronic neuroinflammation. Here, we focused on tefinostat, a monocyte/macrophage-selective HDAC inhibitor that has shown reduced toxicity in clinical trials. By using a gene expression analysis, peroxisomal β-oxidation assay, and live imaging of primary human macrophages, we assessed the efficacy of tefinostat in modulating VLCFA metabolism, phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and immune function. Our results revealed the significant stimulation of VLCFA degradation with the upregulation of genes involved in peroxisomal β-oxidation and interference with immune cell recruitment; however, tefinostat was less potent than the class I HDAC-selective inhibitor entinostat in promoting a regenerative macrophage phenotype. Further research is needed to fully explore the potential of class I HDAC inhibition and downstream targets in the context of neuroinflammation.
Genome of Linum usitatissimum convar. crepitans expands the view on the section Linum

Sequencing whole plant genomes provides a solid foundation for applied and basic studies. Genome sequences of agricultural plants attract special attention, as they reveal information on the regulation of beneficial plant traits. Flax is a valuable crop cultivated for oil and fiber. Genome sequences of its representatives are rich sources of genetic information for the improvement of cultivated forms of the plant. In our work, we sequenced the first genome of flax with the dehiscence of capsules—Linum usitatissimum convar. сrepitans (Boenn.) Dumort—on the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) and Illumina platforms. We obtained 23 Gb of raw ONT data and 89 M of 150 + 150 paired-end Illumina reads and tested different tools for genome assembly and polishing. The genome assembly produced according to the Canu—Racon ×2—medaka—POLCA scheme had optimal contiguity and completeness: assembly length—412.6 Mb, N50—5.2 Mb, L50—28, and complete BUSCO—94.6% (64.0% duplicated, eudicots_odb10). The obtained high-quality genome assembly of L. usitatissimum convar. crepitans provides opportunities for further studies of evolution, domestication, and genome regulation in the section Linum.
Differences in Body Composition and Maturity Status in Young Male Volleyball Players of Different Levels

Volleyball is an intermittent team sport that requires specific anthropometrical and physical characteristics for winning performance. The present study aimed to evaluate the maturity status of the young male players of eight volleyball teams, and to observe differences in anthropometric characteristics and body composition. Ninety-four male adolescent volleyball players were recruited during a national tournament carried out in Treviso (Italy). Anthropometric characteristics such as weight, stature, skinfold thicknesses, circumferences and diameters, and bioelectrical impedance were measured. The biological maturation was estimated for all players. Each team was classified as a higher or lower lever according to its tournament ranking. A two-way ANOVA compared team levels and players’ maturity status. Considering the maturity offset, 62 boys were classified as “on time”, 20 as “late”, and 12 as “early”. Three clubs presented many boys with “early” as the maturity offset, and two of these finished the tournament in the first position. Young volleyball players classified as “early” seemed to show anthropometric characteristics linked to better performance at the tournament (higher height, upper arm and calf muscle area, fat mass percentage, and total fat-free mass). The results of the present study could have practical implications for talent selection, but further studies are needed to better evaluate the effect of maturity status on the characteristics of volleyball players.
UNSATURATED SOIL STRENGTH THEORY BASED ON TOTAL STRESS STRENGTH INDEXES OF SATURATED SOIL AND ITS APPLICATION

It is very difficult to resolve or measure matric suction in engineering practice,because the matric suction is not constant especially under undrained condition.The degree of saturation is relatively easy to be measured,so the shear strength formula about saturation degree instead of suction has valuable significance in practical engineering.A new formula based on strength indexes of saturated soil is proposed,which can be used in whole engineering practice range including unsaturated soil and saturated soil.More intrinsical characteristics of engineering can be reflected.Proper parameters for Yunnan red clay in the above-mentioned formula are determined based on the results of soil-water characteristics and constant water content triaxial tests.Finally,the undrained shear strength formula is utilized to analyze the bearing capacity of foundation;and the conclusion that the bearing capacity increases with the reduction of degree of saturation linearly is drawn.
Mediation Effect of Job Satisfaction on The Effect of Participatory Leadership Style and Individual Creativity on Senior High School Teacher Performance in Kerinci District

This research examined the effect of participatory leadership style and individual creativity on teacher performance. In addition, this research also examines whether the existence of the variable job satisfaction mediates the relationship between participatory leadership style and individual creativity on teacher performance. This research was conducted on 80 respondents who were high school teachers in Kerinci Regency. The research data was collected using an online questionnaire (google form). The data analysis technique of this research is Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis with the help of the SmartTPLS 3.0 application. This study found that the participatory leadership style positively and significantly affects job satisfaction and teacher performance. While individual creativity does not significantly affect job satisfaction, it significantly affects teacher performance. Job satisfaction does not affect teacher performance. Job satisfaction is also not proven to be able to mediate the relationship between participatory leadership style and individual creativity on the performance of high school teachers in the Kerinci District.
Mechanisms producing different precipitation patterns over north‐eastern Italy: insights from HyMeX‐SOP1 and previous events

During the first HyMeX Special Observation Period (SOP1) field campaign, the target site of north‐eastern Italy (NEI) experienced a large amount of precipitation, locally exceeding the climatological values and distributed among several heavy‐rainfall episodes. In particular, two events that occurred during the last period of the campaign drew our attention. These events had common large‐scale patterns and a similar mesoscale setting, characterised by southerly low‐level flow interacting with the Alpine orography, but the precipitation distribution was very different. During Intensive Observing Period IOP18 (31 October–1 November 2012), convective systems were responsible for intense rainfall mainly located over a flat area of the eastern Po Valley, well upstream of the orography. Conversely, during IOP19 (4/5 November 2012), heavy precipitation affected only the Alpine area. In addition to IOP18 and IOP19, the present study analyses other heavy‐precipitation episodes that display similar characteristics and which occurred over NEI during the autumn of recent years. A high‐resolution (2 km grid spacing) non‐hydrostatic NWP model and available observations are used for this purpose.
Policy and Practices of E-Waste Management in Nepal: An Emerging Challenge

E-waste management is an immediate matter of concern for every country of the world as it not only pollutes the environment but also very toxic and hazardous to the health of living beings. Major challenges to its management come from lack of understanding of the scope and depth of the management methods, legislation relating to e-waste and socio-economic issues of the country. These challenges can be resolved only if public-private partnership goes hand in hand with knowledge of the consequences of improper disposal practices. The reuse and recycle of e-waste is to be disseminated backed by the proper Regulatory Framework.
Are Remote Educational Escape Rooms Designed During the Pandemic Useful in a Postpandemic Face-to-Face Setting?

Numerous initiatives were conducted online during the COVID-19 pandemic, and today it is necessary to analyze whether it is better to continue conducting these initiatives online, or should they be done face-to-face and even readapted to this format. This article compares an educational escape room for learning software engineering conducted online during the confinement caused by the pandemic and later face to face. The research involves 241 students and employs instruments to explore the knowledge acquisition attained by the students and their perceptions toward the activity. The results provide insights to consider use of this technique in the future. The digital elements used in a remote escape room are suitable for a face-to-face escape room since the educational efficacy of the activity was similar when conducted online and face to face. However, some students' perceptions related to enjoyment were worse in the face-to-face escape room, which could be improved by incorporating physical elements.
Orographic Effects on Berry Morphology and Chemical Composition of Carignan and Grenache Noir Grapes

A variation in the climatic parameters of an orographic vineyard influences the growth and development of vines and grapes. Understanding the effects of this is highly beneficial in determining how viticulture practices can be modified to enhance grape quality. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of in-row grape position, altitude and vigour on berry morphology and grape maturity. The effects of vigour, altitude and in-row grape position on berry weight and diameter, titratable acidity, pH and sugar concentration of Carignan and Grenache noir grapes grown in a vineyard located in Priorat were investigated in the 2021 vintage. The results show that Carignan grapes with a lower vigour demonstrated a higher sugar concentration, berry weight and diameter, as well as lower titratable acidity, while the Grenache noir grapes with a lower vigour achieved only a higher sugar concentration. The grapes at high altitude had a higher sugar concentration in Carignan and higher titratable acidity in Grenache noir. Outer-row grapes of Carignan were characterised by lower titratable acidity and a higher sugar concentration, berry weight and diameter, while the outer-row grapes of Grenache noir displayed lower berry diameter, and a higher pH and sugar concentration. Vigour and in-row grape position have stronger effects on berry morphology and chemical composition than altitude. Sugar concentration is more susceptible than other parameters to be influenced by variability in the vineyard conditions.
Trends in Privacy Dialog Design after the GDPR: The Impact of Industry and Government Actions

Prior research found that a significant portion of EU-based websites responded to the GDPR by implementing privacy dialogs that contained inadequate consent options or dark patterns nudging visitors towards accepting tracking. Less attention, so far, has been devoted to capturing the evolution of those privacy dialogs over time. We study the evolution of privacy dialogs for a period of 18 months after the GDPR became effective using screenshots from the homepages of 911 US and EU news and media websites. We assess the impact of government and third-party actions that provided additional guidance and tools for compliance on privacy dialogs' choice architecture. Over time, we observe an increase in the use of privacy dialogs providing the option to accept or reject tracking, and a reduction of nudges that encourage users to accept tracking. While the debate over the extent to which various stakeholders' responses to the GDPR meaningfully improved EU residents' privacy remains open, our results suggest that exogenous shocks (such as government interventions) may prompt websites to enact changes that bring on-the-ground implementation of the GDPR at least nominally closer to its intended goals (such as making rejecting tracking easier for visitors).
Modeling Dynamic Clothing for Data-Driven Photorealistic Avatars

This thesis presents research on building photorealistic avatars of humans wearing complex clothing in a data-driven manner. Such avatars will be a critical technology to enable future applications such as VR/AR and virtual content creation. Loose-fitting clothing poses a significant challenge for avatar modeling due to its large deformation space. We address the challenge by unifying three components of avatar modeling: model-based statistical prior from pre-captured data, physics-based prior from simulation, and real-time measurement from sparse sensor input. First, we introduce a separate two-layer representation that allows us to disentangle the dynamics between the pose-driven body part and temporally-dependent clothing part. Second, we further combine physics-based cloth simulation with a physics-inspired neural rendering model to generate rich and natural dynamics and appearance even for challenging clothing such as a skirt and a dress. Last, we go beyond pose-driven animation and incorporate online sensor input into the avatars to achieve more faithful telepresence of clothing.
Different approaches for treating myopic choroidal neovascularization: a network Meta-analysis.

AIM To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and laser treatment (LT) for anatomical and functional improvement in myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) patients. METHODS Two researchers independently searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and other databases to screen studies comparing best-corrected vision acuity (BCVA) and foveal center thickness (FCT) changes after mCNV treatment. Post-treatment chorioretinal atrophy (CRA) is a secondary outcome indicator. The retrieval time limit is from the database construction to January 30, 2023. RESULTS A total of 1072 eyes in 16 articles were included. In the RCTs, intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) were superior to PDT (MD=0.18, 95%CI: 0.02, 0.40, MD=0.18, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.42) in improving BCVA of mCNV patients (P<0.05). The relative effectiveness in improving BCVA, from high to low, appeared to be IVR, intravitreal aflibercept (IVA), IVB, LT, PDT, and sham first followed by IVA (Sham/IVA). While improving the FCT from high to low was IVA, IVR, IVB, PDT. In retrospective studies, the results of BCVA after long-term treatment showed that all the therapeutic effects from high to low was IVA, intravitreal conbercept (IVC), IVR, IVB, IVB/IVR, PDT with IVB/IVR, PDT. The effect of improving FCT was IVA, IVR, IVC, PDT, and IVB from high to low. And in the effects of improving CRA, the IVB appeared to be higher than IVR, while the PDT was the smallest, but none of the differences in the results were statistically significant. CONCLUSION Anti-VEGF has the best effect on long-term vision improvement in mCNV patients, using IVB or IVR alone to treat mCNV may be better than IVB or IVR combined with PDT. There is no significant difference in the improvement of visual acuity, macular edema, and CRA in mCNV patients treated with any different anti-VEGF drugs.
Predictors of Mothers’ Care Seeking Behavior for Common Childhood Illnesses: Findings From the Afghanistan Health Survey 2015

Background: Mothers’ care seeking behavior for childhood illness is a key factor of utilizing healthcare for children. We examined predictors of mothers’ care seeking for common childhood illnesses. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, using data from the Afghanistan Health Survey (AHS) 2015. Data were used from women who sought healthcare for their unwell children. The women were asked whether their children were sick with fever, cough, faster breathing, or diarrhea in the past 2 weeks. The outcome variable was defined as whether the mother sought healthcare for her unwell child from a public clinic, a private clinic, or from a pharmacy store. The Andersen’s healthcare seeking behavior model was used and multinomial regression analysis applied. Results: There were 4979 women, aged 15-49 years, whose under-5 children were sick in the past 2 weeks. Thirty-nine percent of women sought healthcare for their children from a health provider. Mother’s age, child’s age, child’s sex, socioeconomic status, mothers’ perceived severity of childhood illness, and number of under-5 children were predictors of mothers’ care seeking behavior. The likelihood of healthcare seeking was lower for older children (Adjusted odds ratio [OR] [95% CI]: 0.51 [0.37-0.70] from public clinics; 0.33 [0.23-0.47] from private clinics; 0.36 [0.22-0.61] from pharmacy stores), and for girls (Adjusted OR [95% CI]: 0.74 [0.59-0.93] from private clinics). The likelihood of healthcare seeking was greater for children whose mothers knew symptoms of childhood illness (Adjusted OR [95% CI]: 2.97 [1.44-6.16] from public clinics; 7.20 [3.04-17.04] from pharmacy stores). The likelihood of healthcare seeking for children was greater in older mothers (Adjusted OR [95% CI]: 1.54 [1.11-2.12]). It was less likely for the mothers who have more children to seek healthcare for their children (Adjusted OR [95% CI]: 0.53 [0.43-0.65] from public clinics; 0.61 [0.48- 0.79] from private clinics; 0.51 [0.37-0.69] from pharmacy stores). Conclusion: Health policy-makers may opt to use our findings, particularly mothers’ knowledge (perceived severity) of symptoms of childhood illness to develop interventions to enhance timely assessment and effective treatment of common preventable childhood illnesses.
A comprehensive review of microbial contamination in the indoor environment: sources, sampling, health risks, and mitigation strategies

The quality of the indoor environment significantly impacts human health and productivity, especially given the amount of time individuals spend indoors globally. While chemical pollutants have been a focus of indoor air quality research, microbial contaminants also have a significant bearing on indoor air quality. This review provides a comprehensive overview of microbial contamination in built environments, covering sources, sampling strategies, and analysis methods. Microbial contamination has various origins, including human occupants, pets, and the outdoor environment. Sampling strategies for indoor microbial contamination include air, surface, and dust sampling, and various analysis methods are used to assess microbial diversity and complexity in indoor environments. The review also discusses the health risks associated with microbial contaminants, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and their products in indoor air, highlighting the need for evidence-based studies that can relate to specific health conditions. The importance of indoor air quality is emphasized from the perspective of the COVID-19 pandemic. A section of the review highlights the knowledge gap related to microbiological burden in indoor environments in developing countries, using India as a representative example. Finally, potential mitigation strategies to improve microbiological indoor air quality are briefly reviewed.