Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Age-Related Changes in the Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Pool Influence Brain Remodeling after Injury

Brain remodeling occurs after all forms of brain injury, though the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are mostly unknown. Neural stem and progenitor cells are one source of endogenous cells that may contribute to brain remodeling and subsequent recovery. In addition, certain populations of progenitors are particularly susceptible to injury, and their depletion may lead to the impairment of developmental processes that vary with age. We particularly focus on glial progenitors, which are more abundant postnatally and particularly susceptible to acquired brain injuries such as traumatic brain injury. We have recently characterized a novel transgenic mouse that expresses herpes thymidine kinase under the control of the neural-progenitor-specific nestin promoter and allows for temporally induced ablation of dividing progenitors. By genetically depleting dividing cortical progenitors at various times, we identify postnatal day 7 (P7) to P14 as a critical period for oligodendrogenesis. Targeted ablation of dividing progenitors during this window leads to cell-specific depletion of oligodendrocyte precursors expressing platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α and corresponding myelination and motor deficits. This modeling provides insight into how the age at which white matter injury occurs influences both injury severity and subsequent recovery.
On the Asymmetries and Temperatures of Extended X-ray Emission from Planetary Nebulae

Chandra X-ray Observatory images have revealed that the X-ray emitting regions of the young planetary nebulae BD +30◦3639 and NGC 7027 are much more asymmetric than their optical nebulosities. Furthermore, the spectra of extended X-ray emission from these and other planetaries are surprisingly soft. To evaluate the potential origins of X-ray asymmetries, we compare in detail the X-ray morphologies of BD +30◦3639 and NGC 7027 with their optical and IR morphologies and their distributions of visual extinction, as determined from high-resolution, spaceand ground-based imaging. The comparison suggests that the observed asymmetries can be explained in large part as due to the effects of intranebular extinction. We consider several processes potentially responsible for the rather low X-ray emission temperatures (Tx ∼ 1− 3× 10 K) characterizing extended X-ray emission from planetary nebulae. The most promising mechanism to simultaneously explain the observed X-ray emission morphologies and temperatures seems to be collimated winds with velocities of ∼ 300−500 km s−1. Such winds can be generated by the central star during the post-AGB phase, or by a main sequence companion during the AGB phase of the primary. Subject headings: stars: mass loss — stars: winds, outflows — planetary nebulae: individual (BD +30◦3639, NGC 7027) — X-rays: ISM
The Infinite-Order Conditional Random Field Model for Sequential Data Modeling

Sequential data labeling is a fundamental task in machine learning applications, with speech and natural language processing, activity recognition in video sequences, and biomedical data analysis being characteristic examples, to name just a few. The conditional random field (CRF), a log-linear model representing the conditional distribution of the observation labels, is one of the most successful approaches for sequential data labeling and classification, and has lately received significant attention in machine learning as it achieves superb prediction performance in a variety of scenarios. Nevertheless, existing CRF formulations can capture only one- or few-timestep interactions and neglect higher order dependences, which are potentially useful in many real-life sequential data modeling applications. To resolve these issues, in this paper we introduce a novel CRF formulation, based on the postulation of an energy function which entails infinitely long time-dependences between the modeled data. Building blocks of our novel approach are: 1) the sequence memoizer (SM), a recently proposed nonparametric Bayesian approach for modeling label sequences with infinitely long time dependences, and 2) a mean-field-like approximation of the model marginal likelihood, which allows for the derivation of computationally efficient inference algorithms for our model. The efficacy of the so-obtained infinite-order CRF ($({\rm CRF}^{\infty })$) model is experimentally demonstrated.
Influence of sesamin on CYP2C-mediated diclofenac metabolism: in vitro and in vivo analysis

Our previous studies revealed that sesamin caused a mechanism‐based inhibition (MBI) of CYP2C9 in human liver microsomes. Additionally, we observed a similar MBI of CYP2C by sesamin in the rat liver microsomes. Sesamin‐induced difference spectra of rat or human liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH showed a peak at 459 nm, suggesting the formation of a metabolic–intermediate (MI) complex of cytochrome P450 and the methylenedioxyphenyl group of sesamin. However, the peak disappeared in both liver microsomes within 30 min after the termination of the metabolism. These results suggest that the MI complex of cytochrome P450 and sesamin is unstable, and the effects of sesamin on human CYP2C9‐ or rat CYP2C‐mediated drug metabolism may be small. To confirm this, in vivo studies using rats were performed. The pharmacokinetics of diclofenac, which is mainly metabolized by CYP2C11 in male rats, were investigated after a 3‐days administration of sesamin (0, 10, and 100 mg/kg bw). No significant differences were observed among the three groups in the pharmacokinetic parameters, Cmax, Tmax, and AUC. Furthermore, administration of sesamin to rats for 7 days had no significant effects on diclofenac hydroxylation activity in rat liver microsomes. These results demonstrate that no significant interaction occurs between diclofenac and sesamin in rats. Moreover, the results of these in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that no significant interaction may occur between sesamin and diclofenac when sesamin is administered to humans as a supplement, since the standard sesamin dose in humans is much lower than that administered to rats in this study.
Improving channel decoder performance on the CDMA forward link

This work improves channel decoder performance on the code-division multiple-access (CDMA) forward link through more accurate calculation of the channel code trellis path metrics used to decode convolutional and turbo codes. This is achieved by performing the metric calculations with better channel state estimates. Channel state estimation involves determining desired signal amplitude and interference plus noise variance at the channel decoder input. Two options are presented for performing this estimation. Standard estimation is a simple scheme that results from assuming all CDMA forward link interference and noise can be lumped into a single additive white Gaussian noise process. Improved estimation is a new and more accurate technique that separately accounts for the intracell interference and intercell interference plus thermal noise processes. Simulations show that the decoding of convolutional and turbo codes is significantly improved by the more accurate channel state information provided by improved estimation.
Short-Term Feeding of Fibre-Enriched Biscuits: Protective Effect against Hepatotoxicity in Diabetic Rats

The effects of fibre-enriched biscuit on biomarkers associated with hepatotoxicity in diabetic rats were investigated. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate. Treatment lasted for 14 days after which the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood serum was analyzed to determine hepatic function enzymes. The liver was also analyzed to determine hepatic lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes. Induction of diabetes led to elevated levels of ALP, AST, and ALT. These were, however, significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the fibre-enriched biscuit fed (treated) group. There was no significant difference in the serum bilirubin and total protein levels of the studied groups. Reduced albumin level was observed in the diabetic group; this was further lowered on feeding with fibre-enriched biscuits. Induction of diabetes led to increased hepatic level of cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and lipid peroxidation and decreased activities of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and HDL level. These were significantly (p < 0.05) reversed on feeding with fibre-enriched biscuit. This study portrays the protective effect of fibre-enriched biscuit on increased oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia in hepatic tissues of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
Measurement of isotope shifts in C12 and C13 glyoxal absorption at visible wavelengths, and first application to DOAS retrievals

Glyoxal (CHOCHO) is an atmospheric trace gas produced by the radical-initiated oxidation of hydrocarbons. High resolution measurements of the glyoxal absorption spectrum in the visible wavelength range are needed as reference spectra to calibrate optical spectroscopic measurements of this gas. The UV-vis absorption spectra of C13-disubstituted glyoxal and ambient (C12) glyoxal were collected at moderately high (1 cm -1 ) resolution. Isotopic shifts of up to 0.289 nm were observed at the 451-456 nm strong band, but no shifts were observed at the 438-441 nm band. The ability to differentiate between atmospheric glyoxal and 13 CHO 13 CHO (C13 glyoxal) is assessed through spectral analysis of synthetic glyoxal spectra with added noise under various conditions, including the presence/absence of other gases that overlap the glyoxal spectral features, various forms of experimental noise and measurement resolution, and by varying the spectral window used for analysis. It is found that decreasing resolution linearly increases (R 2 >0.95) deviation from known C12 and C13 glyoxal concentrations, while varying baseline correction polynomials does not produce such a trend. Furthermore, the presence of H2O has no significant effect on the glyoxal retrieval, while addition of NO2 can cause ~10% deviations. These deviations border on significance: they are slightly less than 3σ of the retrieval error. It is thus concluded that the now available C13 absorption spectrum provides a means to distinguish C12 and C13 glyoxal through multispectral techniques such as cavity enhanced DOAS.
The Phosphorylation of PDX-1 by Protein Kinase CK2 Is Crucial for Its Stability

The homeodomain protein PDX-1 is a critical regulator of pancreatic development and insulin production in pancreatic β-cells. We have recently shown that PDX-1 is a substrate of protein kinase CK2; a multifunctional protein kinase which is implicated in the regulation of various cellular aspects, such as differentiation, proliferation, and survival. The CK2 phosphorylation site of PDX-1 is located within the binding region of the E3 ubiquitin ligase adaptor protein PCIF1. To study the interaction between PDX-1 and PCIF1 we used immunofluorescence analysis, co-immunoprecipitation, GST-pull-down studies, and proximity ligation assay (PLA). For the analysis of the stability of PDX-1 we performed a cycloheximide chase. We used PDX-1 in its wild-type form as well as phosphomutants of the CK2 phosphorylation site. In pancreatic β-cells PDX-1 binds to PCIF1. The phosphorylation of PDX-1 by CK2 increases the ratio of PCIF1 bound to PDX-1. The stability of PDX-1 is extended in the absence of CK2 phosphorylation. Our results identified protein kinase CK2 as new important modulator of the stability of PDX-1.
Impact of environmental moisture on tropical cyclone intensification

Abstract. The impacts of environmental moisture on the intensification of a tropical cyclone (TC) are investigated in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, with a focus on the azimuthal asymmetry of the moisture impacts relative to the storm path. A series of sensitivity experiments with varying moisture perturbations in the environment are conducted and the Marsupial Paradigm framework is employed to understand the different moisture impacts. We find that modification of environmental moisture has insignificant impacts on the storm in this case unless it leads to convective activity that deforms the quasi-Lagrangian boundary of the storm and changes the moisture transport into the storm. By facilitating convection and precipitation outside the storm, enhanced environmental moisture ahead of the northwestward-moving storm induces a dry air intrusion to the inner core and limits TC intensification. In contrast, increased moisture in the rear quadrants favors intensification by providing more moisture to the inner core and promoting storm symmetry, with primary contributions coming from moisture increase in the boundary layer. The different impacts of environmental moisture on TC intensification are governed by the relative locations of moisture perturbations and their interactions with the storm Lagrangian structure.
Simulation user behavior on a security testbed using user behavior states graph

For testing new methods of network security or new algorithms of security analytics, we need the experimental environments as well as the testing data which are much as possible similar to the real-world data. Therefore, the researchers are always trying to find the best approaches and recommendations of creating and simulating testbeds, because the issue of automation of the testbed creation is a crucial goal to accelerate research progress. One of the ways to generate data is simulate the user behavior on the virtual machines, but the challenge is how to describe what we want to simulate. In this paper, we present a new approach of describing user behavior for the simulation tool. This approach meets requirements of simplicity and extensibility. And it could be used for generating user behavior scenarios to simulate them on Windows-family virtual machines. The proposed approached is applied to our developed simulation tool that we use for solving a problem of the lack of data for research in network security and security analytics areas by generating log dataset that could be used for testing new methods of network security and new algorithms of security analytics.
Phrase Based Decoding using a Discriminative Model

In this paper, we present an approach to statistical machine translation that combines the power of a discriminative model (for training a model for Machine Translation), and the standard beam-search based decoding technique (for the translation of an input sentence). A discriminative approach for learning lexical selection and reordering utilizes a large set of feature functions (thereby providing the power to incorporate greater contextual and linguistic information), which leads to an effective training of these models. This model is then used by the standard state-of-art Moses decoder (Koehn et al., 2007) for the translation of an input sentence.
Effects of irrigation applied at different growth stages on chickpea yield

This study was conducted over the experimental fields of Erciyes University in 2016 to investigate the effects of irrigations applied at different growth stages on chickpea yields. Experiments were conducted in randomized blocks design with 3 replications. There were 7 irrigation treatments as of I1: rainfed, I2: pre-bloom single irrigation, I3: single irrigation at the beginning of blooming, I4: single irrigation at 50% pod set, I5: two irrigations at 50% bloom and 50% pod-set, I6: two irrigations at pre-bloom and 50% pod-set, I7: full irrigation. The amount of applied irrigation water varied between 85.6–323 mm. Plant water consumptions varied between 262–569 mm. The greatest yield was obtained from I4 treatment with 273 kg da and the lowest yield was obtained from I1 treatments with 146 kg da. It was concluded for chickpea cultivation under deficit water resources conditions that water deficits may be applied at different growth stages except for 50% pod-set period.
The IXI Lang: A SuperCollider Parasite for Live Coding

This demo paper describes the rationale and design of the ixi lang, a live coding language built on top of SuperCollider. The paper explains why SuperCollider is used for this task, and reports on a survey conducted with users of the language. It concludes that simple and constrained systems can be useful in specific musical contexts, in particular when sketching or improvising, but that such systems can be limiting in the long run.
Continuous and Hybrid Petri Nets

Petri nets are widely used to model discrete event dynamic systems (computer systems, manufacturing systems, communication systems…). When a PN contains a large number of tokens, the number of reachable states explodes. This is a practical limitation to the use of Petri nets. Continuous models may provide very good approximations for discrete event systems: this is the basic idea leading to the definition of continuous Petri nets. A continuous PN is a model in which the marking of each place is a real number. In a timed continuous PN, a firing speed is associated with each transition (this basic model is unique although the firing speed may be defined in several ways). Various timed continuous PN models have been defined and they correspond to a specific calculation of the firing speeds. They provide good approximations for performance evaluation when a PN contains a large number of tokens. Modeling a number of parts in a buffer by a real number may generally be an acceptable approximation. However, the s.
Working memory capacity and redundant information processing efficiency

Working memory capacity (WMC) is typically measured by the amount of task-relevant information an individual can keep in mind while resisting distraction or interference from task-irrelevant information. The current research investigated the extent to which differences in WMC were associated with performance on a novel redundant memory probes (RMP) task that systematically varied the amount of to-be-remembered (targets) and to-be-ignored (distractor) information. The RMP task was designed to both facilitate and inhibit working memory search processes, as evidenced by differences in accuracy, response time, and Linear Ballistic Accumulator (LBA) model estimates of information processing efficiency. Participants (N = 170) completed standard intelligence tests and dual-span WMC tasks, along with the RMP task. As expected, accuracy, response-time, and LBA model results indicated memory search and retrieval processes were facilitated under redundant-target conditions, but also inhibited under mixed target/distractor and redundant-distractor conditions. Repeated measures analyses also indicated that, while individuals classified as high (n = 85) and low (n = 85) WMC did not differ in the magnitude of redundancy effects, groups did differ in the efficiency of memory search and retrieval processes overall. Results suggest that redundant information reliably facilitates and inhibits the efficiency or speed of working memory search, and these effects are independent of more general limits and individual differences in the capacity or space of working memory.
CorA Is a Copper Repressible Surface-Associated Copper(I)-Binding Protein Produced in Methylomicrobium album BG8

CorA is a copper repressible protein previously identified in the methanotrophic bacterium Methylomicrobium album BG8. In this work, we demonstrate that CorA is located on the cell surface and binds one copper ion per protein molecule, which, based on X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure analysis, is in the reduced state (Cu(I)). The structure of endogenously expressed CorA was solved using X-ray crystallography. The 1.6 Å three-dimensional structure confirmed the binding of copper and revealed that the copper atom was coordinated in a mononuclear binding site defined by two histidines, one water molecule, and the tryptophan metabolite, kynurenine. This arrangement of the copper-binding site is similar to that of its homologous protein MopE* from Metylococcus capsulatus Bath, confirming the importance of kynurenine for copper binding in these proteins. Our findings show that CorA has an overall fold similar to MopE, including the unique copper(I)-binding site and most of the secondary structure elements. We suggest that CorA plays a role in the M. album BG8 copper acquisition.
Correlation of laminated MR appearance of articular cartilage with histology, ascertained by artificial landmarks on the cartilage

The object of this study was to correlate the laminae of articular cartilage on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with histologic layers. T1‐ and fast spin‐echo T2‐weighted images of articular cartilage with artificial landmarks were obtained under high gradient echo strength (25 mT/m) conditions and a voxel size of 78 × 156 × 2000 μm. Images were also obtained with a) changed frequency‐encoding directions; b) changed readout gradient strength; and c) a varied number of phase‐encoding steps. T2 mapping was performed with angular variations. Artificial landmarks allowed accurate comparison between the laminae on MR images and the histologic zones. No alterations of the laminae were noted by changing the frequency gradient direction. Altering readout gradient strengths did not show a difference in the thickness of the laminae, and increasing the phase‐encoding steps resulted in a more distinct laminated appearance, ruling out chemical shift, susceptibility, and truncation artifacts. The T2 mapping profile showed an anisotropic angular dependency from the magic angle effect. In conclusion, the laminated appearance of articular cartilage on spin‐echo and fast spin‐echo MR images correlated with the histologic zones rather than MR artifacts.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;10:57–64. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CINDAM: Customized Information Networks for Deception and Attack Mitigation

The topology of networks typically remains static over long periods of time, giving attackers the advantage of long planning cycles to develop, test, and refine targeted attacks. The CINDAM design preempts the attacker by creating ephemeral, per-host views of the protected enclave to transform the constant topology of computing networks into deceptive, mutable, and individualized ones that are able to impede nation-state attacks while still providing mission services to legitimate users. CINDAM achieves this deception without affecting network operations and without modifying client and server software. CINDAM is being implemented using software-defined networking technology for a cost-effective cyber deception solution.
40-Gb/s Widely Tunable Low-Drive-Voltage Electroabsorption-Modulated Transmitters

We present the first 40-Gb/s widely tunable electroabsorption modulator (EAM)-based transmitters. The sampled-grating Distributed Bragg Reflector (SG-DBR) laser/EAM devices were fabricated using a multiple-band-edge-quantum-well-intermixing (QWI) technique, which requires only simple blanket regrowth and avoids disruption of the axial waveguide. Devices were fabricated from two different multiple quantum well (MQW) active-region designs for direct comparison. The SG-DBR lasers demonstrated 30 nm of tuning with output powers up to 35 mW. The integrated QW EAMs provided 3-dB optical modulation bandwidths in the 35-39 GHz range, low-drive voltage (1.0-1.5 VPtoP), and low/negative-chirp operation. Bit-error-rate measurements at 40 Gb/s demonstrated 0.2-1.1 dB of power penalty for transmission through 2.3 km of standard fiber