Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ACQUISITION OF PROSODY OF GIVEN INFORMATION BY MANDARIN-SPEAKING EFL LEARNERS

This study investigated Mandarin-speaking English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) learners’ acquisition of the prosodic marking of different types of given information in English: given information indicated by pronoun, by repetition, and by synonymy. Eighty learners at preliminary, lower intermediate, upper intermediate and advanced levels (20 in each group) and 20 native English speakers participated in a question-answer reading task. The results of auditory and acoustic analyses of the participants’ production showed that the learners performed differently for the three types of given information in terms of both assignment and phonetic realization of deaccentuation. In addition, in terms of deaccentuation assignment, the learners performed the best on pronoun and the worst on synonymy and exhibited much greater variations between the types than the native speakers, and their performance improved with proficiency. In terms of phonetic realization of deaccentuation, however, the learners produced F0 ratios and intensity ratios comparable to the native speakers but lower duration ratios, which approached the native speakers as their proficiency increased. Based on these findings, some pedagogical implications are discussed.
A Study of solar neutrinos using the Super-Kamiokande Detector

Title of Dissertation: A STUDY OF SOLAR NEUTRINOS USING THE SUPER-KAMIOKANDE DETECTOR Zoa Conner, Doctor of Philosophy, 1997 Dissertation directed by: Professor Jordan Goodman Dr. Todd Haines Department of Physics The rst solar neutrino ux results from the Super-Kamiokande detector are described. This independent analysis is based on a data set from June 1996 through February 1997. A total neutrino ux of 2.61 0:12 (stat) 0:13 (syst) 10 cm2s is implied from the data above a 7 MeV energy threshold. When the measurement is compared with the most recent Standard Solar Model ux prediction (BP95), the ratio of data/SSM is 0.394 0.018 (stat) 0.019 (syst). The measured uxes during day and night yield a fractional di erence of +0.019 0.046 (stat). Interpretations are given in the context of vacuum and MSW enhanced neutrino avor oscillations. A STUDY OF SOLAR NEUTRINOS USING THE SUPER-KAMIOKANDE DETECTOR
Completely $(q,p)$-mixing maps

Several important results for p -summing operators, such as Pietsch’s composition formula and Grothendieck’s theorem, share the following form: there is an operator T such that S ◦ T is p -summing whenever S is q -summing. Such operators were called ( q,p )-mixing by Pietsch, who studied them system-atically. In the operator space setting, G. Pisier’s completely p summing maps correspond to the p -summing operators between Banach spaces. A natural modiﬁcation of the deﬁnition yields the notion of completely ( q,p )-mixing maps, already introduced by K. L. Yew, which is the subject of this paper. Some basic properties of these maps are proved, as well as a couple of characterizations. A generalization of Yew’s operator space version of the Extrapolation theorem is obtained, via an interpolation-style theorem relating diﬀerent completely ( q,p )-mixing norms. Finally, some composition theorems for completely p -summing maps are proved.
Investigation of the Convection‐Allowing Prediction Error of an Extreme Precipitation Event of China Using CRTM‐Simulated Brightness Temperature

An extreme rainfall case occurred on 20 July 2016 in northern China, producing over 600 mm of maximum 24 hr accumulated rainfall. The case is characterized by low‐echo centroid (LEC) based on radar observations. It is simulated by Weather Research and Forecasting model at 4 km grid spacing using the Morrison two‐moment microphysics scheme. Infrared brightness temperature (BT) simulated using a radiative transfer model together with simulated reflectivity are used to evaluate the simulated cloud structures. In general, the model predicts the rainfall amount, location, and propagation well. However, it fails to accurately predict the three‐dimensional cloud structures. The predicted convective cores (>35 dBZ) are higher than the freezing level, suggesting the presence of active cold‐cloud processes while the observed LEC suggests that warm‐cloud processes dominate. The simulation also produces too many upper level clouds and over‐predicts the fractions of overshooting clouds, resulting great over‐prediction of cloud top height (CTH). Additionally, the sensitivity of simulated BT to predicted cloud properties including CTH, cloud species and hydrometeor effective radii are examined to better understand the sources of error in simulated BT. Among those factors, CTH is found to be most critical to BT simulation. For every kilometer of CTH over‐prediction, there is about 6.431 K of negative BT bias owing to the lapse rate and the absorption and scattering effects of cloud particles. For most cloudy regions, cloud ice dominates the effect on simulated BT. Using diagnosed effective radii of simulated hydrometeors within the radiative transfer model results in small improvement to the BT simulation.
Oral Pemphigus Vulgaris Treatment with Corticosteroids and Azathioprine: A Long-Term Study in Shiraz, Iran

Background Treating oral mucosal lesions of Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) disease is usually challenging for clinicians. We studied the treatment outcomes of the oral PV patients referred to the Oral Medicine Department of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences from 2004 to 2018. Methods The medical records of 54 oral PV patients with histopathological confirmation who were treated by a single protocol were studied. The protocol consisted of initial treatment with 1 mg/kg/day of oral prednisolone for all patients. After 4–6 weeks, all patients were prescribed 40 mg of prednisolone. If lesion recovery was not observed or new lesions had developed, adjuvant therapy (maximum dose of 200 mg per day of Azathioprine (AZA)) was initiated anytime during the treatment. The oral prednisolone dosage was gradually tapered to 5 mg/alternate day in 9 months. Results 47 patients were included in the study. 34.04% were male and 65.96% were female with a mean age of 41.83 ± 12.520. The mean follow-up period was 50.806 ± 44.417 months (over 4 years). The severity of oral involvement was mild in 21.27%, moderate in 36.17%, and severe in 42.6%. During treatment, all patients except one experienced complete remission. The mean time to achieve complete remission was 150.39 ± 224.075 days. Most of the patients experienced relapse due to self-discontinuation of treatment. 55% had complete remission and 43% were in partial remission at the last follow-up session. In 65.96% of patients, treatment-associated side effects were observed. The patients treated with prednisolone alone had significantly more side effects than those using AZA as an adjuvant (80% vs 50%, respectively; P=0.030). The mean duration of follow-ups was longer for patients with side effects (P < 0.01). Topical corticosteroids were used for all patients sometime during the treatment. No deaths were recorded. Conclusion Prescribing low-dose prednisolone and adding AZA in nonresponding cases has good clinical outcomes for the treatment of oral lesions of PV. Adjuvant therapy can avoid the increase in corticosteroid dosage and side effects. The treatment method described in this study can be a helpful guide for clinicians, especially when other immunosuppressive drugs are not available.
Online Allocation Rules in Display Advertising

Efficient allocation of impressions to advertisers in display advertising has a significant impact on advertisers' utility and the browsing experience of users. The problem becomes particularly challenging in the presence of advertisers with limited budgets as this creates a complex interaction among advertisers in the optimal impression assignment. In this paper, we study online impression allocation in display advertising with budgeted advertisers. That is, upon arrival of each impression, cost and revenue vectors are revealed and the impression should be assigned to an advertiser almost immediately. Without any assumption on the distribution/arrival of impressions, we propose a framework to capture the risk to the ad network for each possible allocation; impressions are allocated to advertisers such that the risk of ad network is minimized. In practice, this translates to starting with an initial estimate of dual prices and updating them according to the belief of the ad network toward the future demand and remaining budgets. We apply our algorithms to a real data set, and we empirically show that Kullback-Leibler divergence risk measure has the best performance in terms of revenue and balanced budget delivery.
Impact of an IEP Goal Builder on Social Goals for Autistic Students

This pilot study examined (a) the perceived barriers to creating high-quality social and emotional learning (SEL) IEP goals for autistic students without intellectual disabilities, and (b) the impact of using a data-driven SEL IEP goal builder—a key component of the Ivymount Social Cognition Instructional Package (IvySCIP)—on the quality of SEL IEP goals. Based on data from 40 instructor/student dyads, we found the following: First, based on phone interviews, instructors identified a number of significant barriers to the creation of SEL IEP goals for this population, including lack of ability to reliably assess students’ SEL strengths and needs, lack of a goal builder/goal bank, and lack of comprehensive, data-driven support for generating SEL goals and tracking progress toward goal mastery. Interviewees agreed that IvySCIP effectively addressed these barriers. Second, based on a comparison of pre-intervention SEL IEP goals and those created using the IvySCIP goal builder, the quality of instructors’ IEP goals appeared to improve after introduction of the goal builder, with post-intervention goals significantly more likely to include settings, givens, specific/demonstrable behavior being targeted, and measurement criteria to ensure meaningful progress monitoring. Post-intervention goals also drew more equitably from a range of SEL domains.
Cepheid Variables in the Large Magellanic Cloud Cluster NGC 1866. I. New BVRI CCD Photometry

We report BV(RI)C CCD photometric data for a group of seven Cepheid variables in the young, rich cluster NGC 1866 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The photometry was obtained as part of a program to determine accurate distances to these Cepheids by means of the infrared surface brightness technique and to improve the LMC Cepheid database for constructing Cepheid P-L and P-L-C relations. Using the new data together with data from the literature, we have determined improved periods for all variables. For five fundamental mode pulsators, the light curves are now of excellent quality and will lead to accurate distance and radius determinations once complete infrared light curves and radial velocity curves for these variables become available.
Isothermal squeeze films

Abstract : A derivation is presented of the equation governing the pressure in a thin, flat film of ideal gas under isothermal conditions, when the surfaces bounding the film are in relative normal and tangential motion. When tangential motion is absent, the pressure equation reduces to a nonlinear heat equation, which admits of very few closed-form solutions. Various approximation methods are discussed, and two problems involving small periodic variation of the gap between parallel plates are solved by perturbation method for a film in which fluid inertia is negligible.
How and when leader mindfulness influences team member interpersonal behavior: Evidence from a quasi-field experiment and a field survey

Although studies have verified the beneficial effects of individual mindfulness in the workplace, the knowledge of how leader mindfulness crosses over to team members’ interpersonal behavior via affective-related mechanisms as well as when leader mindfulness is ineffective remains limited. Based on motivated empathy theory and the mindfulness literature, this research develops a model in which leader mindfulness enhances leader empathic concern, thereby improving team members’ empathic concern and, in turn, increasing their interpersonal organizational citizenship behavior and decreasing their interpersonal counterproductive work behavior. When workplace hindrance stressors within a team are lower (vs higher), the effect of leader mindfulness on leader empathic concern becomes ineffective. We tested this model using two studies: (1) a quasi-field experiment in which 72 front-line leaders were assigned to either a mindfulness intervention condition or a waitlist control condition and (2) a three-wave, time-lagged survey using a sample of 84 leaders and 697 members. Both studies provide consistent support for our hypotheses.
A new model for recognition, referral, and follow‐up of autism spectrum disorder: A nationwide program

Early diagnosis of autism certainly stands as one of the most important determinants to ensure a better prognosis of the disorder, it is common that the screening programs to ensure this, end up not being implemented in health systems of many countries. This may stem from the disadvantages of classically suggested scale‐based screening (SBS) programs. This study presents a nationwide recognition and referral model for early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), in order to meet the obvious need for new methods. The model consists of interactive video‐based training (IVBAT) of health care workers (HCW), a system where family physicians (FPs) record five probable indicators of autism in their family medicine information system; and is therefore, a practical referral system in which the FP may refer a child with any suggestive finding to a child psychiatrist and may well continue to monitor recently diagnosed cases. The autism teams consist of trained child psychiatrists and coordinators, who delivered trainings to 29,612 FPs and 23,511 nurses countrywide. Of 98.8% FPs were trained throughout the country. Total of 1,863,096 children were reported to have a brief examination of autism signs in Family Medicine Units by trained FPs and nurses. A total of 55,314 (2.96%) these children were deemed at risk for ASD and were referred to child psychiatrists. In the evaluation of 55,314 children by child psychiatrists, 10,087 cases were diagnosed with developmental disorders, while 3226 of children at risk were diagnosed with autism. The results of this study, which reached to the largest sample to date, suggest that some other alternative methods, in addition to SBS should also be tested in order to screen ASD.
Cross-Lingual Link Discovery for Under-Resourced Languages

In this paper, we provide an overview of current technologies for cross-lingual link discovery, and we discuss challenges, experiences and prospects of their application to under-resourced languages. We rst introduce the goals of cross-lingual linking and associated technologies, and in particular, the role that the Linked Data paradigm (Bizer et al., 2011) applied to language data can play in this context. We de ne under-resourced languages with a speci c focus on languages actively used on the internet, i.e., languages with a digitally versatile speaker community, but limited support in terms of language technology. We argue that languages for which considerable amounts of textual data and (at least) a bilingual word list are available, techniques for cross-lingual linking can be readily applied, and that these enable the implementation of downstream applications for under-resourced languages via the localisation and adaptation of existing technologies and resources.
Awakening Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging under Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Algorithm Combined with Wake-Up Nursing on Patients with Massive Cerebral Infarction

&is study was aimed to provide arousal treatment for disturbance of consciousness in patients with massive cerebral infarction, using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-assisted transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) under three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm combined with wake-up nursing. &e application effect was also evaluated. 80 patients with massive cerebral infarction were selected as the research objects. &ese patients were divided into the control group (routine nursing and TMS) and the experimental group (routine nursing, multisensory stimulation wake-up nursing, and TMS) according to the evenand odd-numbered admission orders. &ere were 40 cases in each group, and the treatment effects of the two groups were compared and analyzed. &e peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) (800 dB) of the bilateral filtering algorithm was higher than that of the wavelet threshold denoising (321 dB) and the nonlocal mean filtering algorithm (455 dB). &e segmentation accuracy of the improved region growingmethod/fuzzy spatial clustering algorithm (96.21% and 97.22%) was higher than that of the unimproved ones (82.11% and 79.99%). &e Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R), and Dysfunction Scale (DFS) scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group 1 week and 2 weeks after treatment (P< 0.05). &e awakening rate of patients in the experimental group (95%) was also significantly higher than that in the control group (72.5%), and the time needed for waking up was (2.28± 2.92) hours, lower than that in the control group (4.34± 3.49) hours (P< 0.05). &e three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm could effectively improve the display effect of MRI images and assist in the examination of diseases. Multisensory stimulation wake-up nursing combined with TMS could promote patients to wake up more quickly and help the recovery of brain function of patients in the treatment of massive cerebral infarction and disturbance of consciousness.
Universal Semantic Annotator: the First Unified API for WSD, SRL and Semantic Parsing

In this paper, we present the Universal Semantic Annotator (USeA), which offers the first unified API for high-quality automatic annotations of texts in 100 languages through state-of-the-art systems for Word Sense Disambiguation, Semantic Role Labeling and Semantic Parsing. Together, such annotations can be used to provide users with rich and diverse semantic information, help second-language learners, and allow researchers to integrate explicit semantic knowledge into downstream tasks and real-world applications.
Fine-tuning vs From Scratch: Do Vision & Language Models Have Similar Capabilities on Out-of-Distribution Visual Question Answering?

Fine-tuning general-purpose pre-trained models has become a de-facto standard, also for Vision and Language tasks such as Visual Question Answering (VQA). In this paper, we take a step back and ask whether a fine-tuned model has superior linguistic and reasoning capabilities than a prior state-of-the-art architecture trained from scratch on the training data alone. We perform a fine-grained evaluation on out-of-distribution data, including an analysis on robustness due to linguistic variation (rephrasings). Our empirical results confirm the benefit of pre-training on overall performance and rephrasing in particular. But our results also uncover surprising limitations, particularly for answering questions involving boolean operations. To complement the empirical evaluation, this paper also surveys relevant earlier work on 1) available VQA data sets, 2) models developed for VQA, 3) pre-trained Vision+Language models, and 4) earlier fine-grained evaluation of pre-trained Vision+Language models.
A formula of Simons' type and hypersurfaces with constant mean curvature

In a recent work [8] J. Simons has established a formula for the Laplacian of the second fundamental form of a submanifold in a Riemannian manifold and has obtained an important application in the case of a minimal hypersurface in the sphere, for which the formula takes a rather simple form. The application is made by means of the Laplacian of the function / on the hypersurface, which is defined to be the square of the length of the second fundamental form. In the present paper, by a more direct route than Simons' we first obtain the same type of formula (see (16)) in the case of a hypersurface M immersed with constant mean curvature in a space M of constant sectional curvature, and then derive a new formula (see (18)) for the function / which involves the sectional curvature of M. Based on this new formula our main results are the determination of hypersurfaces M of non-negative sectional curvature immersed in the Euclidean space R or the sphere 5 with constant mean curvature under the additional assumption that the function / is constant. This additional assumption is automatically satisfied if M is compact. We state the general results in a global form assuming completeness of M, but they are essentially of local nature.
Contextual effects in motor adaptation adhere to associative learning rules

1 Two influential paradigms, eyeblink conditioning and motor adaptation, have deepened our 2 understanding of the theoretical and neural foundations of sensorimotor learning. Although both 3 forms of error-based learning are dependent on the cerebellum, the two literatures typically 4 operate within distinct theoretical frameworks. For eyeblink conditioning, the focus is on the 5 formation of associations between an error signal and arbitrary stimuli. For adaptation, the error 6 signal is used to modulate an internal model of a sensorimotor map for motor planning. Here we 7 take a step towards an integrative account of these two forms of learning, examining the relevance 8 of core concepts from associative learning for motor adaptation. Using a task that drives implicit 9 adaptation of reaching movements, we paired movement-related feedback with neutral auditory 10 or visual cues that served as conditioning stimuli (CSs). Trial-by trial changes in feedforward 11 movement kinematics exhibited two key signatures of associative learning: Differential 12 conditioning and compound conditioning. Moreover, after compound conditioning, a robust 13 negative correlation was observed between responses to the two elemental CSs of the compound 14 (i.e., overshadowing), consistent with the additivity principle posited by models of associative 15 learning. Computational modeling demonstrated that these results could not be captured by 16 conventional, context-insensitive algorithms used to describe motor adaptation. Associative 17 learning effects in motor adaptation provide a proof-of-concept for linking cerebellar-dependent 18 learning paradigms within a common theoretical framework.