Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Health Care Workers towards HIV Patients at Primary Health Care Level in Southwestern Saudi Arabia : Twenty-Five Years after the Initial Report

The objective of the present study was to critically review the existing knowledge, attitude and practices of HCWs towards HIV. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Primary Health Care centers in Abha and Khamis Mushait cities of Aseer region, southwestern Saudi Arabia. All HCWs (physicians, nurses, lab technicians and dentists) were invited to participate in the study. A validated self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data about HCWs’ personal and professional characteristics; knowledge of HIV infection and transmission; attitudes towards HIV/AIDS patients and practices. A total of 372 HCWs were included in the study. Out of them 23.9% were unable to identify tattooing and ear piercing as methods for transmission. A considerable proportion failed to mention blood transfusion (3.8%), unprotected sex (6.7%) and unclean needles (4.0%) as possible methods for disease transmission. Additionally, 36.8% of HCWs have a misconception that kissing could transmit HIV and about misbelieved that sharing eating and drinking utensils (23.1%), swimming pool (18.8%) and living with AIDs patients (17.5%) could transmit infection. Stigmatizing attitude was detected. In conclusion, poor knowledge and stigmatizing attitude toward HIV patients are evident in HCWs. Health education programs should be adopted to improve HCWs’ knowledge about transmission mode and combat HIV stigma.
Spatiotemporal Changes in the Built Environment Characteristics and Urban Heat Island Effect in a Medium-Sized City, Chiayi City, Taiwan

This study took Chiayi City—a tropical, medium-sized city—as an example to investigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect using mobile transects and built environment characteristics in 2018. The findings were compared to those from a study in 1999 to explore the spatiotemporal changes in the built environment characteristics and UHI phenomenon. The result for the UHI intensity (UHII) during the day was approximately 4.1 °C and at midnight was approximately 2.5 °C. Compared with the survey in 1999, the UHII during the day increased by approximately 1.3 °C, and the UHII at midnight decreased by approximately 1.2 °C. The trend of the spatial distribution of the increasing artificial area ratio (AAR) proved the importance of urban land use expansion on UHI. The results of the air temperature survey were incorporated with the nesting space in GIS to explore the role of built environment characteristics in UHI effects. The higher the population density (PD) and artificial area ratio (AAR) were, the closer the proximity was to the downtown area. The green area ratio (GAR) was less than 0.2 in the downtown area and increased closer to the rural areas. The built environment factors were analyzed in detail and correlated with the UHI effect. The air temperature in the daytime increased with the population density (PD) and artificial area ratio (AAR), but decreased with the green area ratio (GAR) (r = ±0.3–0.4). The result showed good agreement with previous studies.
The determinants of voter turnout in OECD

This paper examines in a descriptive manner how two groups of variables, institutional and socio-economic, correlate with voter turnout respectively and if their magnitude have changed over time in OECD countries. Previous research is often based on data from the 70’s and 80’s. Since then, voter turnout in democratic countries has decreased and more citizens do not use their fundamental democratic right of being involved in the process of choosing their representatives. To answer the paper hypotheses i.e. analyzing what factors that correlates with voter turnout, panel data between 1980 and 2012 are used which is estimated by an OLS approach. The outcome of the empirical estimations indicates that 13 out of 19 variables have a significant relationship with turnout. Most of the variables magnitudes are a bit lower than previous literature. From the time sensitivity analysis the result indicates that voters are less influenced by the significant variables that focus on the voting cost. It seems that voters in the 21 st century meet voting costs in different manner than previously.
Clinical Correlates to One Year Mortality Following Tracheostomy of Adult Intensive Care Patients

Cite this article: Grap SM, Goldenberg M, Huntley C, High K, Wojnar MM, et al. (2014) Clinical Correlates to One Year Mortality Following Tracheostomy of Adult Intensive Care Patients. Int J Clin Anesthesiol 2(4): 1039. *Corresponding author Sonia Vaida, Department of Anesthesiology, Penn State and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, P.O. Box 850, Mailcode H187, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, USA, Tel: 717-531-8433; Email:
The effectiveness of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on Self-care activities and life expectancy in patients with type 2 diabetes with one year follow up

Background: Diabetes is one of the most prevalent chronic illnesses that is closely associated with some psychological problems, particularly stress. In this case, psychological interventions can be useful. The aim of this study was to investigate effectiveness of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on self-care activities and life expectancy in patient with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this study, semi-experimental design (pretest-post-test) and a one year follow up period with control group was used. Population of the study included patients with type 2 diabetes that were members of Iranian Diabetes Society of Tehran. For sampling, 60 patients were selected by available sampling method. Finally, 15 patients were randomly assigned to either experimental and control groups. Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities Questionnaire (SDSCA) and Snyder’s life expectancy Questionnaire were used. The obtained data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The results showed that MBSR significantly affected on self-care activities and this effect was stable after one year follow up period (p=0.037). Also, the results showed that MBSR only with regard to pretest, post-test and follow up periods and its interaction with the group could have a significant effect on life expectancy and this effect was stable after one year follow up period (p=0.004). Conclusion: Findings revealed that MBSR can be effective on increasing self-care activities and life expectancy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it is recommended to integrate such interventions into comprehensive treatment of diabetes. Conflicts of interest: None Funding: None Keywords
STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF THE WHITE GRUB COMPLEX (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE *) IN AGROECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS OF NORTHERN CAUCA, COLOMBIA

The larvae of some species of Scarabaeidae, known locally as “chisas” (whitegrubs), are impor- tant pests in agricultural areas of the Cauca, Colombia. They form a complex consisting of many species belonging to several genera that affect the roots of commercial crops. The objec- tive of the present study was to identify the members of the complex present in two localities (Caldono and Buenos Aires) and collect basic information on their biology, economic impor- tance, and larval morphology. The ﬁrst of two types of sampling involved sampling adults in light traps installed weekly throughout one year. The second method involved larval collec- tions in plots of cassava, pasture, coffee, and woodland. Each locality was visited once per month and 10 samples per plot were collected on each occasion, with each sample from a quad- rants 1 m 2 by 15 cm deep, during 1999-2000. Light traps collected 12,512 adults belonging to 45 species and 21 genera of Scarabaeidae within the subfamilies Dynastinae, Melolonthinae, and Rutelinae. Members of the subfamily Dynastinae predominated with 48% of the species (mostly Cyclocephala ), followed in decreasing order by Melolonthinae (35%) and Rutelinae (15%, principally Anomala ). Melolonthinae comprised 60% of the specimens ( Plectris spp. 59.5% and Phyllophaga spp. 35.9%). A total of 10,261 larvae of 32 species was collected, in- cluding 12 species each of Melolonthinae ( Phyllophaga , Plectris , Astaena , Macrodactylus , Ceraspis , Barybas , and Isonychus ), Rutelinae ( Anomala , Callistethus , Stigoderma , and Leu- cothyreus ) and Dynastinae (principally Cyclocephala ). At least a third of the species sampled as larvae are rhizophagous pests. Taken together, adult and larval sampling methods permit- ted a more precise deﬁnition of the whitegrub complex in Caldono and Buenos Aires.
Spatial distribution of sediments in Suchedniów reservoir

The paper presents measurements of the amount, spatial distribution, grain size structure, density and the content of organic matter in sediments of Suchedniów reservoir. After 33 years of exploitation, the primary volume of the reservoir decreased by 78 thousand m. Catchment area covered in 45% by forests is 83 km. Mean annual water flow is estimated at 0.63 m·s. Primary volume of the reservoir was 303 thousand m and its surface area – 21.4 ha. The greatest width of the reservoir is 490 m, distance from the river inlet to the dam is 655 m and the length along assumed water course is 740 m. Mean and maximum depths are 1.42 and 4 m, respectively. The analyses of vertical and horizontal distribution of sediments revealed that in the deepest parts of the water body, where depth exceed 2.6 m, only 16% of sediment volume were deposited. In the inlet part of a relative volume of 0.2, 32% of sediment volume were deposited and in the outlet part – 16%. The reservoir accumulates material of a grain size <1.0 mm whose density varies between 2586 and 2758 kg·m. Percent of organic parts in sediments ranged from 0.24 to 18.97%. The existing methods of description of sediment distribution in retention reservoirs do not allow for accurate predicting of this distribution. They do not account for many factors affecting the distribution of sediments in reservoirs and for the time of exploitation. None of the dimensionless curves of the Annandale’s nomograph [ANNANDALE 1984] describes the distribution of sediments in Suchedniów Reservoir. The curve closest to the actual distribution curve corresponds to the value dP/dx = 1.2 while for Suchedniów Reservoir dP/dx is 0.0014 (P – wetted perimeter of the reservoir’s cross section, x – distance from the dam). Sediments in vertical profiles have laminar structure and bottom material in layers largely differs in grain size and colour which is an evidence of different conditions of sedimentation in different hydrological periods and exploitation conditions. In general, grain size of sediment particles tends to decrease along the water flow direction.
Downward Nominal Wage Rigidity in the OECD Working

This paper explores the existence of downward nominal wage rigidity (DNWR) in 19 OECD countries, over the period 1973–1999, using data for hourly nominal wages at industry level. Based on a novel nonparametric statistical method, which allows for country and year specific variation in both the median and the dispersion of industry wage changes, we reject the hypothesis of no DNWR. The fraction of wage cuts prevented due to DNWR has fallen over time, from 70 percent in the 1970s to 11 percent in the late 1990s, but the number of industries affected by DNWR has increased. DNWR is more prevalent when inflation is high, unemployment is low, union density is high and employment protection legislation is strict. JEL: J3, J5, C14, C15, E31
Peripartum cardiomyopathy in a rural Nigerian hospital.

: In a rural hospital in Northern Nigeria in 1985 seventeen patients were admitted who met with the criteria of peripartum cardiomyopathy. Local habits played an important part in the course of the disease. Physical examination with an emphasis on bloodpressure and the condition of the heart was most reliable in establishing the diagnosis and assessing the treatment. Electrocardiography (ECG) was introduced, but proved of low value. Treatment consisted of bedrest and diuretics. One patient died, eight patients made a full clinical recovery but eight patients did not improve. Unfortunately all patients withdrew from follow-up.
CMAR_A_164935 4893..4904

Jordi Remon Laura Esteller Álvaro Taus 1Centro Integral Oncología Clara Campal Barcelona, HM-Delfos, Medical Oncology Department, Barcelona, Spain; 2Hospital del Mar, Medical Oncology Department, Barcelona, Spain; 3Oncology Department, Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain Abstract: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) as monotherapy in selected patients as well as in combination with chemotherapy have become the standard of care in the first-line treatment strategy of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Combination treatment with ICI, such as nivolumab and ipilimumab or durvaluamb and ipilimumab, has also been proposed as potential strategies in this setting in selected advanced NSCLC patients. Characterizing predictive markers of long-term clinical benefit with ICI is a critical objective. Tumor mutational burden has been proposed as a potential predictive biomarker. In this review, we discuss the efficacy of nivolumab and ipilimumab in advanced NSCLC patients as well as the clinical utility of tumor mutational burden in the efficacy of this combination. Ongoing clinical trials with nivolumab and ipilimumab, and the efficacy of this combination in subgroups of NSCLC patients, such as elderly patients and patients with brain metastases, are also discussed.
Effect of comprehensive nursing on quality of life and swallowing function of stroke patients and analysis of related risk factors

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect of different nursing models on the quality of life and swallowing function of stroke patients in China, and to provide relevant reference for rehabilitation nursing of stroke patients. Methods: This study was a clinical randomized controlled trial. The stroke patients from January 2017 to January 2019 were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group was given comprehensive nursing, while the control group was given conventional nursing. The recovery of swallowing function, nerve function, cognitive function and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 3421 patients were examined, 55.31% of them were 60-70 years old, and 59% of them were female. Hypertension, diabetes, cardiac disease, hyperlipidemia and other diseases are still risk factors of stroke. After comprehensive nursing, the improvement of swallowing function in the experimental group was better than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The Chinese stroke scale (CSS) score of nerve function recovery in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The recovery of limb function in the experimental group was better than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The Activities of daily living (ADL) score of life quality in the experimental group was better than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The moderate-to-severe depression rate in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that female, age of 60-70 years old, and complicating hypertension, diabetes, cardiac disease, hyperlipidemia and other diseases are the risk factors of stroke. The application of comprehensive nursing during hospitalization is conducive to the recovery of swallowing function, the improvement of limb movement disorders, the nerve repair, the decreased incidence of post-stroke depression and the improvement of life quality.
Treatment of Stormwater Using the Large Particle Size Fraction of Incineration Bottom Ash

Adsorbent amended filters to improve treatment of the dissolved fraction of heavy metals from stormwater are currently receiving increased research interest. This paper presents a pilot scale laboratory-based study carried out to investigate the metal removal capacity of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash particles ≥ 12.5 mm. Five columns with height 40 cm and 10 cm diameter were used to study the adsorption performance of the bottom ash. An artificial stormwater consisting of tapwater added 2 mg/L of Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni was used. Variable hydraulic loads were tested. The result showed promising adsorption abilities of bottom ash ≥ 12.5 mm towards heavy metals. The leaching test showed low leaching potential. To enable industrial use, further research should be carried out in field conditions.
Mississippi river sediment diversions and coastal wetland sustainability: Synthesis of responses to freshwater, sediment, and nutrient inputs

Management and restoration of coastal wetlands require insight into how inundation, salinity, and the availability of mineral sediment and nutrients interact to influence ecosystem functions that control sustainability. The Mississippi River Delta, which ranks among the world's largest and most productive coastal wetland complexes, has experienced extensive deterioration over the last century due, in large part, to enhanced vulnerability to relative sea-level rise and lateral erosion caused by a combination of natural processes and anthropogenic modifications of hydrology. This land loss crisis has prompted the State of Louisiana to develop a comprehensive restoration plan that includes constructing and implementing a series of large-scale sediment diversions that will reconnect sedimentand nutrient-rich Mississippi River water to adjacent bays, estuaries, and wetlands. Sediment loading through diversions is predicted to enhance the long-term sustainability of coastal wetlands; however, the additive effects of increased inundation, abrubt changes in the salinity regime, and high nutrient loads on wetland plant growth and organic matter (SOM) decomposition rates, which help regulate accretion and elevation change, is uncertain. Therefore, this review attempts to synthesize existing information to inform predictions of the interactive effects of diversions on these drivers of coastal wetland sustainability. The data suggest that sediment deposition within an optimal elevation range will increase the overall productivity of existing wetlands where prolonged flooding does not counter this effect by limiting plant growth. A reduction in salinity may increase plant productivity and cause vegetation shifts to less salt tolerant species, but seasonal swings in salinity may have unforeseen consequences. Nutrient-loading is predicted to lead to greater aboveground productivity, which, in turn, can facilitate additional sediment trapping; however, belowground productivity may decline, particularly in areas where sediment deposition is limited. In areas experiencing net deposition, nutrient-enrichment is predicted to enhance belowground growth into new sediment and contribute to positive effects on soil organic matter accumulation, accretion, and elevation change. Thus, we contend that sediment input is essential for limiting the negative effects of flooding and nutrient-enrichment on wetland processes. These conclusions are generally supported by the biophysical feedbacks occurring in existing prograding deltas of the Mississippi River Delta complex.
Clinical Thermoradiotherapy

A c l i n i c a l t r i a l i s currently i n progress to determine the efficiency of combined fractions of hyperthermia and radiation. The protocol consists of two parts. F i r s t , 4 fractions of microwave induced hyperthermia (45.0 ± O.50C) are applied for l h hours to the volume encompassing the tumor, each separated by 72 hours. Allowing for a one week rest, a second series of four fractions are administered again at 72 hour in t e r v a l s . Each of these fractions consists of a 400 rad dose of radiation followed withi n 20 minutes by hyperthermia (42.5 ± O.50C) for l h hours. Currently 82 f i e l d s have been treated on 62 patients with a mean follow-up time to date of 6 months. Total regression i s seen i n 60% of a l l cases, p a r t i a l regression i n 33% and no response i s seen i n only 6% of a l l t r e a t ments; 5 loc a l and 3 marginal recurrences have been observed. Details of response based on s i t e , histology and c l a s s i f i c a t i o n are discussed.
A corpus study of negation and their disruptive patterns in political discourse

O presente trabalho dá conta dos resultados de um estudo quantitativo sobre os padrões da negação léxico-gramatical e suas disrupções no discurso político. O corpus, formado pelos discursos pronunciados pelos 45 presidentes estadunidenses no início de seus mandatos (122.848 palavras), foi rotulado semiautomaticamente e analisado no marco teórico da linguística sistêmico-funcional. Os resultados mostram que a frequência da negação neste registro é mais alta do que a do padrão geral do inglês. Foi detectado, além disso, uma interação recorrente entre a negação e a concessão e outras disrupções discursivas que resultaram estatisticamente significativas. Entre elas, destacam-se as intersecções da polaridade negativa e a modalidade, assim como as frequências de negação por meio do determinante no sob o alcance dos processos existenciais.
Surface Wettability of Polyvinyl Butyral Nanofibrous Membranes

This study explores the mutual correlation between structures of electrospun fibrous membranes prepared from polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and the wettability of the same. The final morphology of the fibres (wrinkled, smooth, ribbonlike and porous) was investigated by dissolving the PVB in various solvents and solvent mixtures. It was found that some concentrations of PVB in certain solvents and their mixtures exerted an influence on the diameter of the given fibre and water contact angle. The nanofibrous membranes were produced via electrospinning, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and measurement of contact angle. Discussion is included on comparison of the wettability of the PVB films and nanofibres.