Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TRIPLANAR-CNN FOR AUTOMATED GRADING OF GLIOMAS USING PREOPERATIVE MULTI-MODAL MR IMAGES

— Glioma has been one of the most common life-threatening brain tumor diseases all over the world with different levels of aggressiveness: Low Grade Glioma (LGG) and High Grade Glioma (HGG), and consequently automated glioma grade prediction methods based on multi-modal MRI images are of great interest. However, the development of effective automated methods, and in particular convolutional neural networks (CNN) for fast and accurate medical image analysis has relied on the availability of large annotated training datasets. The purpose of this study was to develop a 2D CNN model, Triplanar-CNN, to a fully automated and accurate glioma grade prediction, using a small training dataset of less than 300 glioma patients who underwent pre-operative volumetric MRI exams, which included FLAIR, T1Gd, T1, and T2 modalities. Our approach operates on all of the MRI modalities and plane slices (axial, coronal, and sagittal) based on reconstructing the volumetric MRI as a set of 2D stacked slices in the sagittal, coronal and axial planes, and allows to leverage pre-trained CNN models for feature extraction, which is essential given the inadequate amount of labeled training dataset. The proposed Triplanar-CNN architecture consists of three sub-networks, each based on leveraging CNN model pre-trained on natural images, and separately applied to axial, coronal and sagittal view of a 3D MRI, respectively, followed by a common fusion-layer to integrate the extracted features by each sub-networks, which is an input to a fully connected layer used for prediction. On the BraTS 2017 dataset, the Triplanar-CNN were trained separately for each modality, and each corresponding model yields more than 0.9 AUC for classifying glioma into two groups. Moreover, averaging the probability of glioma grading by all four MRI modalities boosts the classification performance compared to either of the four separately, achieved a patient-level grading result of 95.8% and 0.985 in accuracy and AUC, respectively, outperforming state-of-the-art results. Five-fold-cross validation was used to evaluate the models. To sum up, we developed a fully automated CNN-based model that can be translated into a clinical tool for non-invasive diagnosis of glioma using pre-operative MRI scans in a rapid and accurate way, leading to better outcomes for patients
Development and Validation of Boarding School Climate Scale (BSCS)

Background. Boarding schools not only provide boarders with education but also focussed to groomthe students intellectually, socially, and emotionally. The term boarding school climate is considered tohave unique features that appear to significantly differ from the climate of day school. As compared tothe day schools, boarding institutes provide residential settings, having a highly structured andorganized daily routine, and ample opportunities for learning and engaging in co-curricular activities.Numerous scales were developed to evaluate the day school climate; however, studies aiming to exploreand assess the boarding school climate are sparse.Method. The Boarding School Climate Scale (BSCS), comprises of 68 items, it was developed usingthe triangulation technique; we employed an open-ended questionnaire, followed by focus groupdiscussions with current boarding students, and literature review. The scale was administered on asample of participants drawn from 7 public and private-sector boarding schools and colleges ofPakistan. We used the purposive sampling technique (N=738, amongst these, there were 635 males, 103female students). Only those included in the study, who gave written informed consent to participate inthe study. The mean age of students was 15.4 years with the age range of 12 years to 19 years old (SD1.46); the participants were students of grade 6 to grade 12.Results. The findings of Exploratory Factor Analysis showed a total of eight factors, these named as;Pastoral Care, Behavioral Problems, Academic & Civic Learning, Discipline Safety & Rules, ResourceSupport, Physical Environment, Leadership, and Relationships. The Convergent Validity of theBoarding School Climate Scale (BSCS) showed a significant correlation with the 9-Item Georgia BriefSchool Climate Inventory (La Salle, McIntosh, & Eliason, 2016) (GaBSCI) (r=.73, p <.01) and itsfactors highlighting significant indices of convergent validity with an existing school climate measure.Conclusion. The development of indigenous BSCS is a significant contribution to measuring theboarding school climate in Pakistan. The instrument can assist the boarding school administration togain an insight into students' perception of the boarding school climate and its various dimensions.
PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF CHAIN SAW MACHINES USING SCHMIDT HAMMER HARDNESS SCHMIDT ÇEKİCİ SERTLİĞİ KULLANILARAK ZİNCİRLİ KESME MAKİNELERİNİN

* Corresponding Author: aedursun@selcuk.edu. tr * https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2001-7814 ABSTRACT Schmidt hammer hardness (RL) provides a quick and inexpensive measure of surface hardness that is widely used for estimating the mechanical properties of rock material such as strength, sawability, cuttability and drillability. In this study, RL as predictors, which is thought to be a useful, simple and inexpensive test particularly for performance prediction of chain saw machine (CSM), is suggested. This study aims to estimate CSM performance from RL values of rocks. For this purpose, rock cutting and rock mechanics tests were performed on twenty four different natural stone samples having different strength values. In this study, Chain Saw Penetration Index (CSPI) has been predicted based on RL which is one of the two models previously used for performance prediction of CSMs. The RL values were correlated with UCS, CSPI and SE using simple regression analysis with SPSS 15.0. As a result of this evaluation, RL has a strong relation with UCS and SE. It is statistically proved that the model based on RL for predicting CSPI is valid and reliable for performance prediction of CSM. Results of this study indicated that the CSPI of CSMs could be reliably predicted by empirical model using RL.
MarkIt: A Collaborative Artificial Intelligence Annotation Platform Leveraging Blockchain For Medical Imaging Research

Current research on medical image processing relies heavily on the amount and quality of input data. Specifically, supervised machine learning methods require well-annotated datasets. A lack of annotation tools limits the potential to achieve high-volume processing and scaled systems with a proper reward mechanism. We developed MarkIt, a web-based tool, for collaborative annotation of medical imaging data with artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies. Our platform handles both Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) and non-DICOM images, and allows users to annotate them for classification and object detection tasks in an efficient manner. MarkIt can accelerate the annotation process and keep track of user activities to calculate a fair reward. A proof-of-concept experiment was conducted with three fellowship-trained radiologists, each of whom annotated 1,000 chest X-ray studies for multi-label classification. We calculated the inter-rater agreement and estimated the value of the dataset to distribute the reward for annotators using a crypto currency. We hypothesize that MarkIt allows the typically arduous annotation task to become more efficient. In addition, MarkIt can serve as a platform to evaluate the value of data and trade the annotation results in a more scalable manner in the future. The platform is publicly available for testing on https://markit.mgh. harvard.edu.
The possible Role of HHV-6, HHV-7 and EBV in Patient with Bell's palsy

Introduction: Bell’s palsy (BP) is an acute, generally unilateral, paralysis or weakness of facial musculature consistent with peripheral facial nerve dysfunction, different factors suspected to be contributed to the development of BP including herpes viruses. The objective of this study is to detect human herpes viruses 6 and 7 (HHV-6, -7) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the saliva samples of patients in the early presentation of BP. Patients and Methods: A case-control study included saliva samples taken from 50 patients with BP and 50 apparently healthy controls without any neurological deficit, viral DNA was extracted from the saliva and then subjected for quantitative real time-PCR for detection of HHV-6 and -7 and EBV viral load (VL) in saliva. Results: HHV-6 DNA was positive in 22 (44%) out of the 50 patients, and in 12 (24%) of the controls (p=0.028), with a significantly higher mean viral load (p=0.002), in addition, 70% of HHV-6 positive patients had severe grades with a significantly higher VL (p=0.007) and (0.015) respectively. While HHV-7 was significantly higher in the controls (p=0.046), in 37 (74%) of the controls versus 28 (56%) of the patients, however HHV-7 was higher in the first day of presentation in BP patients (p=0.007). Regarding EBV DNA 36% (18 out of the 50) patients, and 8% of the controls had positive EBV in saliva (p=0.001), with also significantly higher mean viral load was in patients (p=<0.001). Twenty percent of patients (10/50) had triple viral infections and seven out of these ten had severe grades of BP. Conclusion: HHV-6 and EBV could play an important role in the development of BP and HHV-6 might have a neuro-pathological effect in severe cases of BP, however HHV-7 doesn't seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Staging Muslim identities in theater: An investigation of the roles of artists with a Muslim background

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Effect of Perch Cooling and Litter Thickness on Leg Health and Bone Characteristics in Broilers

The study was aimed at assessing the leg health variables (footpad dermatitis, hock burn, tibial dyschondroplasia, gait score), tarsometatarsus asymmetry, and physical properties of tibiatarsus of broilers reared with perch application and different litter thicknesses. A total of 459 one-day old Ross-308 broiler chicks were allocated into 27 pens, each containing 17 chicks, in a 3 (perch treatments)x 3 (litter treatments) experimental design with three replications. The position of both cooled and non-cooled perches was set to make animals pass over the perch for feeding and drinking. The perch temperature was set to 10°C for cooled perches while litter thicknesses were 1, 7, and 14 cm. Results showed that cooled perches decreased the severity of footpad and gait score, and tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers. Footpad dermatitis and hock burn score decreased in broilers reared at 14 cm litter. It was determined that the length and width of tarsometatarsus at 42 day of age was increased in cooled perch and 1 cm litter group. Tibia length and robustness index in cooled perch group was found higher than those in non-cooled and no-perch groups. The perch application has no effect on the weight-length and tibio-tarsal indexes. Tibia lengths in 1 cm (103.81 mm) litter thickness group were higher than in both 7 and 14 cm groups. The bones from 1 cm litter thickness group were found heavier (21.55 g) than in 7 cm litter group. These results indicated that cooled perch and 14 cm litter thickness has a beneficial effect on broilers’ well-being in hot
Effect of storage and freezing on the phenolic and antioxidant activities of raspberries

A method was developed to analyze anthocyanins in red raspbenies {Rubus idaeus L. ) cv. Glen Ample. The anthocyanins were extracted from the fruit by homogenizing in acidified methanol. The methanolic extract was centrifuged and the supernatant analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC. The eluent was monitored at 371 and 520 nm before being introduced into a single quadrupole mass spectrometer through an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization probe operating in positive ion mode. This method facilitated the identification of eight anthocyanins in the raspberry matrix. Further analysis of raspbeny extracts by gradient, reverse-phase HPLC with diode array detection and tandem mass spectrometry identified eleven anthocyanins, including cyanidin-3sophoroside, cyanidin-3-(2‘̂ -glucosylrutinoside), cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, pelargonidin-3-sophoroside, pelargonidin-3-(2^-glucosylrutinoside) and pelargonidin-3glucoside. Significant quantities of an ellagitannin, sanguiin H-6, with a Mr of 1870, were detected along with lower levels of a second ellagitannin, lambertianin C which has a Mr of 2804. Other phenolic compounds that were detected included trace levels of ellagic acid and its sugar conjugates along with one kaempferol and four quercetin-based flavonol conjugates. Fractionation by preparative HPLC revealed that sanguiin H-6 was a m ajor contributor to the antioxidant capacity of raspbenies together with vitamin C and the anthocyanins. Vasodilation activity was restricted to fractions containing lambertianin C and sanguiin H-6. The antioxidant capacity of the fresh fruit and the levels of vitamin C and phenolics were not affected by freezing. When fruit were stored at 4 °C for 3 days then at 18 °C for 24 h, mimicking the route fresh fruit takes after harvest to the supermarket and onto the consumer’s table, anthocyanin levels were unaffected while vitamin C levels declined and elligitannins increased, while the anti oxidant capacity of the fruit remained unchanged. It is concluded, therefore, that as far as anti oxidant phytochemicals are concerned, freshly picked, commercial and frozen raspberries are all equally beneficial.
Effect of different levels and sources of sulphur on growth, yield attributes and nutrient removal by mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

A field experiment was carried out at Research Farm, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Faizabad (U.P.) during Rabi season 2015-16 to study the effect of different levels and sources of sulphur on growth, yield attributes and nutrient removal by mustard (Brassica juncea L.). The trial was laid out in Randomized Block Design. Seven treatments viz. RDF (NPK: 120:60:60 kg ha-1), RDF + 20 kg S ha-1 through SSP, RDF + 40 kg S ha-1 through SSP, RDF+ 20kg S ha-1 through Sulphur Bentonite, RDF+ 40kg S ha-1 through Sulphur Bentonite, RDF+ 20kg S ha-1 through Phosphogypsum, RDF+ 40kg S ha-1 through phosphogypsum with three replications on silt loam soils. The growth characters like plant height, number of branches were significantly higher under R.D. F + 40 kg S ha-1 through SSP as compared to other treatments. The yield components like number of siliqua plant-1, length of siliqua (cm), grain yield (q ha-1) and stover yield (q ha-1) were significantly higher under R.D. F + 40 kg S ha-1 through SSP. N, P, K & S content and uptake in crop were obtained higher with R.D. F + 40 kg S ha-1 through SSP which was significantly higher than rest of treatments. Thus, it can be concluded that a dose of R.D. F + 40 kg S ha-1 through SSP may be most suitable nutrient combination for achieving higher yield, better seed quality and economics of mustard.
Updated review of the core features, the REM sleep behavior disorder-neurodegenerative disease association, evolving concepts, controversies, and future directions

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia manifested by vivid, often frightening dreams associated with simple or complex motor behavior during REM sleep. The polysomnographic features of RBD include increased electromyographic tone +/− dream enactment behavior during REM sleep. Management with counseling and pharmacologic measures is usually straightforward and effective. In this review, the terminology, clinical and polysomnographic features, demographic and epidemiologic features, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, and management strategies are discussed. Recent data on the suspected pathophysiologic mechanisms of RBD are also reviewed. The literature and our institutional experience on RBD are next discussed, with an emphasis on the RBD–neurodegenerative disease association and particularly the RBD-synucleinopathy association. Several issues relating to evolving concepts, controversies, and future directions are then reviewed, with an emphasis on idiopathic RBD representing an early feature of a neurodegenerative disease and particularly an evolving synucleinopathy. Planning for future therapies that impact patients with idiopathic RBD is reviewed in detail.
Assessment of the Influence of Anthropogenic Pollution on Water Quality of the Ciemięga River

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the influence of anthropogenic pollution on the water quality of the Ciemięga River, which flows through the Jastków commune, located in the Lublin Province in the South-Eastern Poland. The analyses of the river water were conducted in the years 2019–2020. Each year, the samples for physicochemical analyses were collected seasonally (in February, May, August and November) from the seven selected Ciemięga River sampling points found in the following localities: Ożarów, Moszenki, Sieprawice, Jastków, Snopków and Jakubowice Konińskie. In addition, 3 series of microbiological analysis were conducted in 2020. Electrolytic conductivity, total phosphorus, nitrate-nitrogen and sulfates constituted the physicochemical indicators of poor water quality in the river. Their average values exceeded the standards for the 2nd class of water quality. High concentration of these indicators, especially of the total phosphorus, could have been related to the influx of domestic wastewater from agricultural holdings, wastewater flows from agricultural areas as well as soil erosion and leaching. The levels of E. coli bacteria and fecal coliform allocated the Ciemięga River waters to the 4th class of water quality and could result from domestic wastewater flow to the river. In order to improve the water quality of the Ciemięga River, it is necessary to reduce or eliminate point and non-point sources of pollution by means of streamlining of the agricultural areas fertilization, regulating the water and wastewater management, regulating of the waste management, as well as the appropriate spatial policy and landscaping of the water catchment areas.
THE EFFECT OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND FOREIGN OWNERSHIP AS A MODERATING VARIABLES ON THE BOARD INTERLOCKING ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

The aims of this research is to analyze the effect of number of board interlocking, board size, family board participation, board independence, control variable such as firm size, firm age, and leverage, and moderate foreign ownership to number of board interlocking towards financial firm perfomance using ROA and Tobin’s Q as a proxy in non financial sector companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in period 2014-2018. This research uses quantitative approach with two least square regression analysis model. The sample used in this research is firms which are listed on the non financial in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) on 2014-2018 period. The number of final samples used in this study were 366 business entities with 1830 observations. The findings result of this research indicate that concurrent commissioner positions have positive and significant effect towards ROA in non financial sector companies BEI on the period 2014-2018, while independent commissioners, family of commissioners, board size, and the interaction of multiple positions of commissioners with foreign ownership have insignificant effect towards ROA in non financial sector companies BEI on the period 2014-2018. Then variables independent commissioners, board size of commissioners, and the interaction of multiple positions of commissioner with foreign ownership have positive and significant effect towards Tobin’s Q in non financial sector companies BEI on the period 2014-2018, while the family of commissioners and concurrent commissioner positions have insignificant effect towards ROA in non financial sector companies BEI on the period 2014-2018.
ROLE OF Pseudomonas fluorescens IN INDUCED SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE FOR TOMATO VASCULAR WILT DISEASE CAUSED BY Fusarium oxysporum F. SP. LYCOPERSICI

Using an isolate of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf) in biological control was found to protect tomato plants from vascular wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol). In spite of the In vitro partially inhibition effect of Pf on mycelial growth of Fol by 47%, it found that Pf treatment one week before inoculation can decrease the diseases severity in tomato plants by 87%. These results indicating that systemic protection offered to tomato roots by the Pf for vascular wilt disease caused by Pol infection and explaining that ISR is involved. Induction of defense enzymes by Pf against challenge inoculation with Fol in tomato was studied. Activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) increased in bacterized tomato root tissues challenged with the pathogen. Analysis revealed that a PAL, POX and PPO were expressed at higher levels in bacterized tomato root tissues challenge inoculated with the pathogen. Activities of PAL and POX reached maximum at the 4 day while, activity of PPO reached maximum at the 6 day after challenge inoculation. Induction of these enzymes activities was found, not only in Pf treated root tissues challenged with the pathogen, but also in roots treated with Pf alone. These results suggest that induction of defense enzymes involved in phenylpropanoid pathway might have contributed to restriction of invasion of Fol in tomato plants.