Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
No Explainability without Accountability: An Empirical Study of Explanations and Feedback in Interactive ML

Automatically generated explanations of how machine learning (ML) models reason can help users understand and accept them. However, explanations can have unintended consequences: promoting over-reliance or undermining trust. This paper investigates how explanations shape users' perceptions of ML models with or without the ability to provide feedback to them: (1) does revealing model flaws increase users' desire to "fix" them; (2) does providing explanations cause users to believe - wrongly - that models are introspective, and will thus improve over time. Through two controlled experiments - varying model quality - we show how the combination of explanations and user feedback impacted perceptions, such as frustration and expectations of model improvement. Explanations without opportunity for feedback were frustrating with a lower quality model, while interactions between explanation and feedback for the higher quality model suggest that detailed feedback should not be requested without explanation. Users expected model correction, regardless of whether they provided feedback or received explanations.
The Determinants of International Student Movement into Thailand: Push and Pull Factors

This research aims to analyze the determinants of international student movements in higher education in Thailand using a regression model of the international student movement. The push and pull factors will apply with data access from 141 home countries, according to the number of all international students who studied in Thailand in 2017. Multiple regression equations by using weighted least squares regression have been applied to solve the problem of variance stability of error terms, and the result of the hypotheses test may cause statistical bias. Even though the variables are continuity interval range and normal distribution under classical assumption as the traditional linear model, there is no relationship between the independent variables and has no problem crossing time mobility (autocorrelation) of the model that uses cross section data by using data in 2017. Research results suggest that population of the home country, distance between the home and host countries and enrollment have a significant influence in international student mobility.
Homeowners’ Preferences for Adopting Residential Heating Systems: A Discrete Choice Analysis for Germany

Space heating accounts for a large fraction of the primary energy consumption and CO2 emissions of residential buildings. Besides targeting the insulation standard, residential heating systems (RHS) offer the potential to reduce energy demand for space heating. Therefore, understanding the determinants of the RHS adoption decision becomes increasingly important. In this paper, we analyze the influence of preferences about RHS-specific attributes on the homeowners’ adoption decision. Moreover, we con-trol for the influence of socio-demographic, home and spatial characteristics. To this end, we specify the discrete appliance choice by a multinomial logit model and apply it to representative survey data for Germany. Our findings show that there are different drivers for the adoption of RHS in newly built and existing 1- and 2-family homes, and that the importance of key drivers also differs across groups of homeowners and RHS, respectively. First, we find that adopters of a gas- and oil-fired condensing boiler with solar thermal support have a strong preference for energy savings, while adopters of a heat pump or wood pellet-fired boiler prefer being more independent from fossil fuels. Second, we find that owners of existing homes have less scope for preferences in the RHS adoption decision. The decision to replace a RHS in an existing home is rather driven by socio-demographic, home and spatial charac-teristics. Third, our findings are quite contrary for newly built homes. Here, preferences about RHS specific attributes are found to be highly relevant, while there is less evidence for an influence of so-cio-demographic, home and spatial characteristics on the adoption decision.
Evidence from Cross Border Acquisitions

By using data on cross-border acquisitions (CBAs), this paper explores the distribution of the strategies pursued when multinational enterprizes integrate a foreign subsidiary into their organisational structure. Based on a measure of vertical relatedness, each of the 165,000 acquisitions in our sample covering 31 source and 58 host countries can be classified as horizontal, vertical, or conglomerate. Three novel features of CBAs are highlighted. First, horizontal and vertical CBAs are relatively stable over time. Second, substantial parts of CBAs involve conglomerate acquisitions. Third, the wave-like growth of CBAs arises primarily from changes in conglomerate activity, which responds to international valuation differences between financial markets. JEL classification: F15, F21, F23, F33
Development and Deployment of High-Throughput Retrotransposon-Based Markers Reveal Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Asian Bamboo

Bamboo, a non-timber grass species, known for exceptionally fast growth is a commercially viable crop. Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons, the main class I mobile genetic elements in plant genomes, are highly abundant (46%) in bamboo, contributing to genome diversity. They play significant roles in the regulation of gene expression, chromosome size and structure as well as in genome integrity. Due to their random insertion behavior, interspaces of retrotransposons can vary significantly among bamboo genotypes. Capitalizing this feature, inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) is a high-throughput marker system to study the genetic diversity of plant species. To date, there are no transposon based markers reported from the bamboo genome and particularly using IRAP markers on genetic diversity. Phyllostachys genus of Asian bamboo is the largest of the Bambusoideae subfamily, with great economic importance. We report structure-based analysis of bamboo genome for the LTR-retrotransposon superfamilies, Ty3-gypsy and Ty1-copia, which revealed a total of 98,850 retrotransposons with intact LTR sequences at both the ends. Grouped into 64,281 clusters/scaffold using CD-HIT-EST software, only 13 clusters of retroelements were found with more than 30 LTR sequences and with at least one copy having all intact protein domains such as gag and polyprotein. A total of 16 IRAP primers were synthesized, based on the high copy numbers of conserved LTR sequences. A study using these IRAP markers on genetic diversity and population structure of 58 Asian bamboo accessions belonging to the genus Phyllostachys revealed 3340 amplicons with an average of 98% polymorphism. The bamboo accessions were collected from nine different provinces of China, as well as from Italy and America. A three phased approach using hierarchical clustering, principal components and a model based population structure divided the bamboo accessions into four sub-populations, PhSP1, PhSP2, PhSP3 and PhSP4. All the three analyses produced significant sub-population wise consensus. Further, all the sub-populations revealed admixture of alleles. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) among the sub-populations revealed high intra-population genetic variation (75%) than inter-population. The results suggest that Phyllostachys bamboos are not well evolutionarily diversified, although geographic speciation could have occurred at a limited level. This study highlights the usability of IRAP markers in determining the inter-species variability of Asian bamboos.
DDDT_A_188858 1763..1772

*These authors contributed equally to this work Background and aim: A potent and selective vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitor SU5416, has been developed for the treatment of solid human tumors. The binding of VEGF to VEGFR plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of respiratory disorders. However, the impact of SU5416 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to illuminate the biofunction of SU5416 in the mouse model of ALI. Methods: Wild-type (WT) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-deficient (TLR4) C57BL/6 mice were used to establish LPS-induced ALI model. The primary pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (PMVEC) was extracted for detection of endothelial barrier function. Results: LPS significantly increased the number of inflammatory cells and inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In addition, LPS increased alveolar epithelial cells injury, inflammation infiltration and vascular permeability of PMVEC in WT and TLR4 mice. Western blotting experiment indicated VEGF/VEGFR and TLR4/ NF-κB pathways were involved in the progression of LPS-stimulated ALI. Consistent with previous research, dexamethasone treatment appeared to be an effective therapeutic for mice with ALI. Moreover, treatment with SU5416 dramatically attenuated LPSinduced immune responses in mice lung tissues via inhibiting VEGF/VEGFR and TLR4/NF-κB pathways. Finally, SU5416 also decreased vascular permeability of PMVEC in vitro. Conclusion: SU5416 ameliorated alveolar epithelial cells injury and histopathological changes in mice lung via inhibiting VEGF/VEGFR and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways. We also confirmed that SU5416 could restrain vascular permeability in PMVEC through improving the integrity of endothelial cell. These findings suggested that SU5416 may serve as a potential agent for the treatment of patients with ALI.
Spatial Information and Bicycling Safety

The bicycle is currently experiencing an impressive revival as sustainable transport mode. Numerous bicycle promotion initiatives have contributed to a significant increase of the bicycle’s modal share during the past years. Nevertheless, safety concerns are among the most relevant factors that keep people from using the bicycle for their utilitarian trips. Mobility – and in consequence bicycling safety – is spatial by its very nature. Thus, introducing the spatial perspective into bicycling promotion and safety research bears great potential with regard to spatial models, simulation and analysis. This review paper provides an overview of current research at the intersection of spatial information and bicycling safety and discusses the respective contributions in a broader context from literature.
University of Groningen Determinants and outcomes of social climate in therapeutic residential youth Care Leipoldt,

Background: Previous studies on effectiveness of therapeutic residential youth care (TRC) have indicated that, compared to short-term effects, long-term effects are less convincing. Moreover, there is limited evidence on how TRC achieves treatment goals: TRC remains too much of a “black box”. To gain durable treatment results we need to know more about how results are achieved, rather than investigating the achieved results itself. One of the factors associated with this process of change is the social climate within TRC institutions. Up until now, no literature reviews about how social climate is affected by institution and youth characteristics, and how social climate affects outcomes has been performed. Objective: To provide an overview of the literature on associations between determinants and social climate and between social climate and outcomes in TRC. Method: We searched multiple databases with a predetermined set of search criteria in the years 1990 and March 2017. We identified 8408 studies and reduced the final sample to 36 studies. Most studies were empirical assessments with a correlational design and were conducted in Western countries. Results: Effect sizes for the studies ranged from small to large and varied between and within studies. Most associations were found between social climate and positive outcomes. The most mentioned social climate constructs were: an open climate, support, and autonomy. Conclusions: The results are challenging to summarize due to variations in the concepts and operationalizations of social climate. The organizational culture must support a social climate which is supportive, structured and caring, and provide youth with an environment to grow. A positive social climate must constantly be evaluated and recreated based on combining the perspectives of residents, staff and external perspectives.
SEA STAR DISEASE AND POPULATION DECLINES AT THE CHANNEL ISLANDS

In the summer of 1997, we quantified the incidence of wasting disease among multiple species of sea stars throughout the Channel Islands and adjacent mainland areas. The disease has been observed since 1978 during warmer water periods. Following the 1982-1983 El Niño, the disease and severe sea star population declines were observed, however, quantitative surveys of disease were not conducted. In our 1997 surveys, Asterina miniata and Pisaster giganteus were the species most severely affected; however, the disease was also observed in Astropecten armatus, Dermasterias imbricata, Henricia leviuscula, Mediaster aequalis, Orthasterias koehleri, Pisaster brevispinus, Pisaster ochraceus, and Pycnopodia helianthoides. Three species were not observed with the disease (Henricia sp., Astropecten verrilli, and Luidia foliolata); however, these species were rare. Population declines that might have resulted from disease are apparent in monitoring data from the Channel Islands Research Program and the Channel Islands National Park. Surveys at Catalina Island indicate that population declines occurred in summer and were not the result of winter El Niño-associated events such as storms or increased rainfall. In 1997, wasting disease was observed in other echinoderms (Echinoids, Ophiuroids, and Holothuroids) as well.
Inferring Minimalist Grammars with an SMT-Solver

Overview. The Minimalist Grammar (MG) formalism (Stabler, 1996) is a well established formal model of syntax inspired by the Minimalist Program (Chomsky, 1995). We introduce (1) a novel parser for MGs1, encoded as a system of first-order logic formulae that may be evaluated using a solver for Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) (De Moura and Bjørner, 2008; Barrett and Tinelli, 2018), and (2) a novel procedure for inferring MGs using this parser. The input to this procedure is a sequence of sentences that have been annotated with syntactic relations such as semantic role labels (connecting arguments to predicates) and subject-verb agreement. The output of this procedure is a set of MGs, each of which is able to parse the sentences in the input sequence such that the parse for a sentence has the same syntactic relations as those specified in the annotation for that sentence. We applied this procedure to a set of sentences annotated with syntactic relations and evaluated the inferred grammars using cost functions inspired by the Minimum Description Length (MDL) principle (Barron et al., 1998; Grünwald, 2007) and the Subset principle (Berwick, 1985; Wexler, 1993). Inferred grammars that were optimal with respect to certain combinations of these cost functions were found to align closely with contemporary theories of Minimalist syntax (Hornstein et al., 2005; Adger, 2003; Radford, 1997), producing the prescribed syntactic structures for a range of constructions that include ditransitive predicates, passivization and Wh-fronting for question formation.
Islamic job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intention to leave: Moderating role of Islamic work ethics

Article history: Received: September 25, 2019 Received in revised format: November 19 2019 Accepted: November 19, 2019 Available online: November 19, 2019 This study examines the direct influence of Islamic job satisfaction and organizational commitment on the intention to leave, and the direct influence of Islamic job satisfaction on organizational commitment. It also investigates the mediation of organizational commitment in the relationship between Islamic job satisfaction and intention to leave. The study examines the moderating impact of the Islamic work ethic on the influence of Islamic job satisfaction and organizational commitment on intention to leave. This study is explanatory research and used Smart Partial Least Square (SmartPLS) Version 3.2. 6. The sample for the study included 164 employees in Islamic banks in North Maluku Province, Indonesia. The results of the empirical research indicate that Islamic job satisfaction had a direct positive and significant influence on organizational commitment. Islamic job satisfaction has a direct negative and significant influence on intention to leave. Organizational commitment has a direct negative and significant influence on intention to leave. Organizational commitment also mediates the relationship between Islamic job satisfaction and intention to leave. Furthermore, these research results reveal that the Islamic work ethic cannot moderate the effect of Islamic job satisfaction on the level of intention to leave. Conversely, the Islamic work ethic may moderate the influence of organizational commitment on intention to leave. Implications, limitations and future research are discussed. © 2020 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada
Marketing and entrepreneurial success in emerging markets: the nexus

Purpose This paper aims to examine the interconnection between marketing and entrepreneurship among small and medium scale enterprises in emerging markets. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative data were obtained from 113 micro, small and medium scale enterprises (SME) into services, manufacturing and agriculture selected conveniently within the Tema metropolis, a harbour city in Ghana; however, purposive sampling was used to choose owners and managers as respondents pre-occupied with marketing and entrepreneurial roles. These voluntary informants have operated between 4 and 9 years. Findings The study reveals a significant relationship between five dimensions of the study including market orientation and entrepreneurial success; customer orientation and entrepreneurial success; competitor orientation and entrepreneurial success; intelligence generation; and entrepreneurial success, including information dissemination and entrepreneurial success. Research limitations/implications Blending marketing with entrepreneurial initiatives has the propensity to accelerate success for wealth and job creation for national development especially in emerging markets where poverty and under development abounds. Adoption of basic marketing principles enables local entrepreneurs to become vehicles for social re-engineering and for rapid socio-economic growth, which ultimately affects lives at the local level. The study was limited to opinion of SME managers and owners of a harbour city. Practical implications Application of basic marketing principles influences entrepreneurial success in emerging markets (EMs) highlighting opinions of managers and owners of SMEs strategy warranting attention of stakeholders. Thus, the study validates theoretical model of how prudent marketing and entrepreneurial attitude contributes entrepreneurial success. It also provides a new perspective on marketing principles and success in emerging markets. Social implications Consciously incorporating basic marketing principles into operations of MSMEs will impact performances; hence, social lives of entrepreneurs will be affected positively. Originality/value This study being among the few in sub-Saharan Africa highlights how application of marketing principles to entrepreneurial operations is a vital role in growing local MSMEs unto the world stage. Therefore, blending basic marketing principles with entrepreneurial initiatives will accelerate wealth and job creation and national development to achieve the world's sustainable development goals aimed at reducing poverty.
Hypovitaminosis D, Low Bone Mineral Density, and Diabetes Mellitus as Probable Risk Factors for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo in the Elderly

Abstract Introduction Studies have found that elderly patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) may present low levels of vitamin D (25 (OH) D), changes in bone mineral density, and diabetes mellitus (DM). Objective: To investigate the possible association between BPPV, bone mineral density, hypovitaminosis D, 25 (OH) D and DM. Methods The sample consisted of 109 elderly subjects. The BPPV was verified by a standardized questionnaire and the Dix-Hallpike maneuver. Blood samples were collected for the investigation of 25 (OH) D serum levels. The bone mineral density was evaluated by means of a densitometer. Diabetes mellitus verification was performed using a self-reported questionnaire. Results Of the 109 participants, 17 had BPPV. There was a statistically significant difference between BPPV and gender (p = 0.027, phi = 0.222), with female representing 88.2% of those with BPPV. In the group with BPPV, there was a statistically significant difference for the amount of vitamin D found (p = 0.001) and for age (p = 0.001). In the elderly group with DM and BPPV, a difference was found for the standard deviation of the femur (p = 0.022) with posthoc Dunn, identifying the difference between diabetics with and without BPPV (p = 0.047). Conclusion Although no association was found (25 (OH) D levels) with BPPV in the general population of this study, it was observed that there was an association with bone mineral density in the elderly group with DM and BPPV, and, in the group with BPPV, there was an association between the amount of vitamin D and age.
CEOR_A_228400 799..807

Jennie H Best Amanda M Kong 2 David M Smith Ibrahim Abbass Margaret Michalska 1Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA; 2IBM Watson Health, Cambridge, MA, USA Objective: To quantify the healthcare expenditures associated with potential oral glucocorticoid (OGC)-related adverse events (AEs) in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA). Methods: Patients with GCA and ≥ 1 OGC prescription fill between 2009 and 2014 were identified from the MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental claims databases. Patients were stratified into four groups based on cumulative OGC dose (> 0 to ≤ 2607 mg, > 2607 to ≤ 4800 mg, > 4800 to ≤ 7200 mg, and > 7200 mg) during the 1-year follow-up period; incidence of potential AEs and AE-related direct healthcare costs in USD were assessed. Association between the log of cumulative OGC dose and AE-related direct healthcare costs was evaluated, adjusting for baseline characteristics. Results: Of 1602 patients with GCA included, 69% were women; the mean age was 73 years. The mean cumulative OGC dose was 5806 mg during the 1-year follow-up; most exposure occurred in the first 6 months. The proportion of patients with potential OGC-related AEs was 36.5% overall and increased as cumulative dose increased (30.7%–45.3% across dose groups). Unadjusted mean AE-related costs for patients with an AE was USD $12,818. In the multivariable model including all patients, increasing OGC dose was associated with increasing AE-related healthcare costs (cost ratio, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.16–1.64] per 1-unit increase in log of cumulative OGC dose [P < 0.001]). Mean (median)-predicted AE costs for the dose groups were USD $4389 ($2749) for > 0 to ≤ 2607 mg, USD $5176 ($3009) for > 2607 to ≤ 4800 mg, USD $5576 ($3633) for > 4800 to ≤ 7200 mg, and USD $6609 ($4447) for > 7200 mg. Conclusion: In patients with GCA, OGC-related AEs increased with increasing cumulative OGC dose, resulting in increased healthcare costs. These results highlight the need for efficacious therapies that reduce the exposure to and potential risks associated with OGCs.