Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of postemergence-directed herbicides for redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L) control in winter wheat in southern Russia

Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L). is a broadleaf weed in autumn crop fields in Russia. Four field experiments were performed in Stalskiy region, southern Russia in two growing seasons, 2016 and 2017, to investigate the effects of postemergence applications of applied alone or in tank mixtures in winter wheat cultivars Tanya and Bagrat. Redroot pigweed control was greatest with tribenuron and all herbicide treatments containing tribenuron. The lowest redroot pigweed control was with aminopyralid/florasulam (study 1) and triasulfuron (study 2), respectively, whereas redroot pigweed had intermediate responses to the other examined herbicides. Tribenuron plus fluroxypyr sprayed on wheat cultivar ‘Tanya’, and tribenuron plus triasulfuron on wheat cultivar ‘Bagrat’ resulted in increased wheat grain yields. Overall, tribenuron and herbicides containing tribenuron provided the most efficient redroot pigweed control compared with the other herbicides and consistently maintained optimal winter wheat yields. Tribenuron could ameliorate redroot resistance to herbicides in wheat fields in southern Russia.
Histopathological Study of Leprosy Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Navi Mumbai

Background: Leprosy or Hansen’s disease is a chronic infectious disease that mainly affects skin and peripheral nerves. Histopathology and demonstration of lepra bacilli is a vital tool to supplement clinical examination and diagnosis for correct classification and therefore treatment of patients. Aim: To study histopathology of leprosy cases and identify histological types in patients in a tertiary care hospital in Navi Mumbai. Materials and Methods: 50 skin biopsies diagnosed as leprosy over a period of two years from January 2017 to December 2018 were studied. Haematoxylin-eosin and Fite-Faraco staining for demonstrating lepra bacilli were done. Results: Male to female ratio of patients was 4.5:1. Maximum number of cases was seen in the 3 rd decade of life. The commonest histological type was borderline tuberculoid (18 cases, 36%), followed by tuberculoid type (8 cases, 16%); least common cases were of borderline lepromatous, indeterminate and histoid types (4 cases, 8%). The most common site was forearm (26%). All 12/50(24%) patients with affected nerves showed ulnar nerve involvement. Hypopigmented, anaesthetic plaque was the commonest clinical feature followed by erythematous lesions. All cases of histoid and lepromatous type showed acid-fast bacilli on Fite stain. Tuberculoid cases showed perineural infiltration and well-formed granulomas, borderline tuberculoid type showed additional feature of giant cells and lepromatous types showed grenz zone and no granulomas. Histoid type showed fusiform histiocytes resembling spindle cells. Conclusion: Histopathological examination is the gold standard for accurate diagnosis and typing of leprosy. It should be done in all leprosy cases presenting to the clinician.
Fewer Copepods, Fewer Anchovies, and More Jellyfish: How Does Hypoxia Impact the Chesapeake Bay Zooplankton Community?

To understand dissolved oxygen deficiency in Chesapeake Bay and its direct impact on zooplankton and planktivorous fish communities, six research cruises were conducted at two sites in the Chesapeake Bay from spring to autumn in 2010 and 2011. Temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen were measured from hourly conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) casts, and crustacean zooplankton, planktivorous fish and gelatinous zooplankton were collected with nets and trawls. CTD data were grouped into three temperature groups and two dissolved oxygen-level subgroups using principal component analysis (PCA). Species concentrations and copepod nonpredatory mortalities were compared between oxygenated conditions within each temperature group. Under hypoxic conditions, there usually were significantly fewer copepods Acartia tonsa and bay anchovies Anchoa mitchilli, but more bay nettles Chyrsaora chesapeakei and lobate ctenophores Mnemiopsis leidyi. Neutral red staining of copepod samples confirmed that copepod nonpredatory mortalities were higher under hypoxic conditions than under normoxia, indicating that the sudden decline in copepod concentration in summer was directly associated with hypoxia. Because comparisons were made within each temperature group, the effects of temperature were isolated, and hypoxia was clearly shown to have contributed to copepod decreases, planktivorous fish decreases, and gelatinous zooplankton increases. This research quantified the direct effects of hypoxia and explained the interactions between seasonality and hypoxia on the zooplankton population.
The Relationship between Auditor Characteristics and Earnings Management: An Empirical Study on Taiwanese Nonprofit Hospitals

Previous studies have focused on researching earnings management behavior in nonprofit hospitals in theUnited Kingdomand theUnited States. However, the operational system and environment of hospitals inTaiwanare substantially different from the cases studied, and therefore cannot be considered equivalent. The objective of this study was to determine whether earnings management is practiced in NFP hospitals inTaiwanand to analyze their earnings management behavior. The ordinary least square method was used to examine the relationships inTaiwan’s nonprofit hospitals. Alternative procedures, such as the abnormal bad debt, abnormal non-operating or non-revenue generating activity expenditure, and abnormal net gain on the sale of property models were also developed and tested to measure abnormal real items. Research has indicated that auditor specialization and auditor tenure have a negative relationship with earnings management. The empirical results also showed that the abnormal net gain on the sale of property is ideal for evaluating earnings management inTaiwan’s nonprofit hospitals.
Short Term Effects of Revegetation on Labile Carbon and Available Nutrients of Sodic Soils in Northeast China

In response to land degradation and the decline of farmers’ income, some low quality croplands were converted to forage or grassland in Northeast China. However, it is unclear how such land use conversions influence soil nutrients. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the influences of short term conversion of cropland to alfalfa forage, monoculture Leymus chinensis grassland, monoculture Leymus chinensis grassland for hay, and successional regrowth grassland on the labile carbon and available nutrients of saline sodic soils in northeastern China. Soil labile oxidizable carbon and three soil available nutrients (available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium) were determined at the 0–50 cm depth in the five land uses. Results showed that the treatments of alfalfa forage, monoculture grassland, monoculture grassland for hay, and successional regrowth grassland increased the soil labile oxidizable carbon contents (by 32%, 28%, 15%, and 32%, respectively) and decreased the available nitrogen contents (by 15%, 19%, 34%, and 27%, respectively) in the 0–50 cm depth compared with cropland, while the differences in the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium were less pronounced. No significant differences in stratification ratios of soil labile carbon and available nutrients, the geometric means of soil labile carbon and available nutrients, and the sum scores of soil labile carbon and available nutrients were observed among the five land use treatments except the stratification ratio of 0–10/20–30 cm for available phosphorus and the values of the sum scores of soil labile carbon and available nutrients in the 0–10 cm depth. These findings suggest that short term conversions of cropland to revegetation have limited influences on the soil labile carbon and available nutrients of sodic soils in northeastern China.
The Use of BVARs in the Analysis of Emerging Economies

The process of internationalisation that many Spanish banks have embarked upon in recent years has resulted in the need for much closer monitoring of the economies in which they are present, especially by a supervisory body such as the Banco de Espana. In this paper, we present a comprehensive theoretical and empirical modelling approach, developing a set of …five country-specific structural BVARs for Brazil, Mexico, Turkey, Chile and Peru, the economies representing the largest exposures of Spanish banks to the emerging markets. The results obtained show that our modelling strategy provides useful tools to: (i) analyse the structural shocks that underlie their recent macroeconomic behaviour; (ii) study the impact of certain decisions of policymakers on GDP, inflation and other variables; and (iii) carry out accurate conditional and unconditional projections two years ahead of the most policy-relevant variables. These projections, together with the “analyst’s judgement”, constitute the bulk of our assessment of the future behaviour of these economies.
Physicochemical Properties of Dried Ginseng Powder Manufactured using Different Roasting Pretreatments and Cryogenic Milling conditions

This study was aimed at investigating the effects of roasting and cryogenic milling on particle size, water solubility, and amount of bioactive components in ginseng root. Samples were pulverized by cryogenic milling, and one treatment condition was selected for each size range (1050 μm, and >50 μm). The selected samples were roasted at different temperatures (160-200 °C) followed by cryogenic milling. Powdered samples were analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. Results revealed that roasted samples exhibited significantly smaller particle size than controls (not roasted, p<0.05), and the particle size of roasted samples decreased with increase in roasting temperature until flocculation occurred around 180-190 °C. With decrease in particle size of ginseng; water solubility index, antioxidant activity, total polyphenol content, and total polysaccharide content were observed to increase. Ginseng samples showed an increasing trend in antioxidant activity with decreasing particle size (p>0.05) with significantly higher values for all roasted samples compared to the controls (p<0.05). Non-polar ginsenosides such as Rg2(S), Rg2(R), Rg3(S), Rg3(R), and Rh1(S) showed an increase in temperature-dependent manner. This study revealed that roasting at certain temperature range with cryogenic milling has positive effects on ginseng by reducing its particle size, and increasing water solubility and bioactive components.
Volatility Spillovers and Time-zone Effect: New Evidence from Emerging Markets Across Three Different Time Zones

This study contributes to the on-going debate about transmission of information from one financial market to others by providing evidence of time-zone effect on daily volatility spillovers dynamics between mature and emerging financial markets, namely equity, bond and futures. Using high frequency data form thirty markets across the world findings indicate that there is a significant time zone effect in transmission of volatility from mature to emerging markets. Particularly, the impact is strong in equity and futures markets and geographically in Asian and Latin American emerging markets. Results, thus support the conjecture that news arrival and adjustment in a domestic market is influenced by the mature market located in similar time zone. This phenomenon is prominent in closing price as the opening price of most emerging equity market fails to adjust the news on arrival as suggested in meteor shower hypothesis. The timezone effect is robust to the size of emerging economy and size of their capital market. Across the financial markets, twelve emerging markets are consistent in their behaviour of volatility transmission from mature markets. Finally, strong time-varying characteristics is documented in long-run cointegration and volatility spillover between equity markets from all three trading zones. * Corresponding author 1 Leeds Business School, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK, LS1 3HE; Email: a.chowdhury@leedsbeckett.ac. uk 2 Leeds University Business School, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, LS2 9JT; Email: m.m. uddin@leeds.ac. uk 3 The York Management School, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK; Email: keith.anderson@york.ac. uk
Monetary Policy Transmission Through Housing

This paper provides empirical evidence for the role of house prices and residential investment in the monetary policy transmission to consumption for a broad sample of European countries. We find that the housing market is important in both, non-euro area, Nordic countries with flexible mortgage markets and large securitization activity and in some euro area countries with less developed mortgage markets. The difference between both is that instead through variations in house prices, transmission in the euro area takes places through changes in housing investment. The similarity is the high loanto-value (LTV) ratios observed across all of them. The degree of mortgage market development can be in so far informative about the strength of the transmission through housing, as it signals the degree of leverage in the economy. JEL Classification: C32, E52, F41
Private Investment and Economic Growth: Regional Experience in India

This paper examines the impact of private investment on income at the state level for the major 15 states in Indian economy over the periods from 1993–94 to 2004–05 by using General Methods of Moments (GMM). The result finds that elasticity of per capita income with respect to private investment is more than that of the public investment, which is due to the higher productivity of private capital than the public capital in developing countries. There is also evidence of the convergence of per capita income among Indian states by conditioning per capita private investment along with other factors of economic growth. This paper is innovative in separating out the significance of private investment from the public investment in explaining variation in income across states. This paper suggests that balanced regional growth can be achieved by the equitable allocation of private investment
758-765 Shaurub EH.pmd

The present work aimed to identify camel ticks Hyalomma dromedarii and Hyalomma marginatum using direct sequence of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene and the detection of their natural infection rate with Rickettsia and Borrelia using the PCR/ hybridization method for amplification of the citrate synthase (gltA) gene. The phylogenetic analysis showed 99% similarity between Hyalomma dromedarii and its reference with accession # L34306.1, as well as between Hyalomma marginatum and its reference with accession # KT391060.1 obtained from GenBank data base. The prevalence of H. dromedarii and H. marginatum was about 99% and 1%, respectively. The intraspecific variation among H. dromedarii ranged between 0.2–6.6%. The interspecific variation between H. dromedarii and H. marginatum was 18.3%. PCR/hybridization of the sampled H. dromedarii detected about 31%, 37% and 18% natural infection with Rickettsia, Borrelia and co-infection with both pathogens, respectively. In contrast, none of Rickettsia or Borrelia was detected in H. marginatum. The present study emphasizes the accuracy of the identification of camel ticks based on molecular techniques. The ability of H. dromedarii to spread more than one disease is an important issue from the epidemiological standpoint. Future epidemiological research should be carried out in Saudi Arabia to monitor the distribution of tick species and suggest effective control strategies.
Nauplius-The Journal of The Brazilian Crustacean Society

While previous studies on Alpheus formosus Gibbes, 1850 focused on taxonomic and phylogenetic issues, the present study provides information on the biology and ecology of this snapping shrimp, a representative coral reef species widely distributed in the Atlantic Ocean. We studied A. formosus between 2015 and 2016 on two islands in São Paulo state, Brazil: Laje de Santos and Vitoria Island. We analyzed 47 specimens from Laje de Santos and 44 from Vitoria Island. Individuals ranged in size from 2.0 mm to 13.99 mm CL. The mean number of embryos attached to the pleopods of females was 211.28 ± 312.8 in Laje de Santos and 125.2 ± 177.8 in Vitoria Island. This species should be included in monitoring programs of coral ecosystems they inhabit as A. formosus represents a key element in trophic dynamics of these ecosystems.
Protective Effect of New Formulation of Carnosine+Hyaluronic Acid on the Inflammation and Cartilage Degradation in the Experimental Model of Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease that currently has no cure. There are numerous studies showing that carnosine and hyaluronic acid (HA) have a positive pharmacological action during joint inflammation. For this reason, the goal of this research was to discover the protective effect of a new HA+Carnosine formulation (FidHycarn) on the inflammatory response and on the cartilage degradation in in vivo experimental model of OA. This model was induced by a single intra-articular (i.ar.) injection of 25μl normal saline having 1mg of monosodium iodoacetate solution (MIA) in the knee joint. MIA injection caused histological alterations and degradation of cartilage as well as behavioral changes. Oral treatment with FidHycarn ameliorated the macroscopic signs, improved thermal hyperalgesia and weight distribution of hind paw as well as decreased histological and radiographic alterations. The oxidative damage was analyzed by evaluating the levels of nitrotyrosine and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) that were significantly reduced in FidHycarn rats. Moreover, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were also significantly reduced by FidHycarn. However, interestingly, in more cases, the effects of FidHycarn were not statistically different to Naproxen used as positive control. Thus, the new formulation containing Carnosine and HA could represent an interesting therapeutic strategy to combat osteoarthritis.
Oral Health Status of the Professional Soccer Players in Thailand

Objectives: To evaluate the oral health status of the professional soccer players in Thailand. Methods: Twenty-five Thailand professional soccer players’ oral conditions were examined and included in this study. DMFT, Quigley & Hein plaque index (PI), Löe & Silness gingival index, World Health Organization malocclusion index, pocket depth, TMJ examination and history of dental trauma were recorded. Results: The results demonstrated poor oral health level including dental caries (84%), DMFT score mean was 10.08, dental attrition (60%) and periodontal pocket (36%). Thirty percent of all players presented bruxism. More than 40% of athletes were bothered by their oral health with 28% reporting an impact on quality of life and 18% on training and performance. Conclusion: The oral health of Thai professional soccer players was poor that may result in negative impact on well-being, training and performance. As oral health is an important element of overall health and well-being, health promotion is required to optimize soccer player performance.
Problem Based Learning in I MBBS Anatomy

Problem Based Learning (PBL) is an instructional approach to learning where students tackle problems in small groups under the supervision of a facilitator. The main objective is to introduce PBL to I MBBS students in Anatomy, enumerate learning outcomes and compare with Traditional Didactic lecture (TDL). 80 students were divided into two groups A & B randomly. Two topics were chosen. Under each topic one group was educated by PBL & other group by TDL acting as control. Later on results were analysed by Peer reviewed Multiple Choice Questions and compared. Feedback from students was taken in the form of questionnaire. Mean±SD values were higher with PBL method of study. The P values in Topic 1 and 2 are statistically highly significant (p<0.0001). 79% of the student’s prefered PBL in their feedback forms. PBL is a better mode of teaching when compared to TDL in anatomy for certain clinically relevant topics which enhances self directed learning, Problem solving attitude and analytical skills which is statistically significant.
Calibration and validation of a semi-empirical flux ecosystem model for coniferous forests in the Boreal region

Simple models are less input demanding and their calibration involves a lower number of parameters, however their general applicability to vast areas must be tested. We analysed if a simple ecosystem model (PRELES) can be applied to estimate carbon and water fluxes of Boreal forests at regional scale. Multi-site (M-S) and site-specific (S-S) calibrations were compared using evapotranspiration (ET) and gross primary production (GPP) measurements from 10 sites. The performances of M-S were similar to S-
A Preliminary Assessment of the Gauge-Adjusted Near-Real-Time GSMaP Precipitation Estimate over Mainland China

The near-real-time satellite-derived precipitation estimates are attractive for a wide range of applications like extreme precipitation monitoring and natural hazard warning. Recently, a gauge-adjusted near-real-time GSMaP precipitation estimate (GSMaP_Gauge_NRT) was produced to improve the quality of the original GSMaP_NRT. In this study, efforts were taken to investigate and validate the performance of the GSMaP_Gauge_NRT using gauge observations over Mainland China. The analyses indicated that GSMaP_NRT generally overestimated the gauge precipitation in China. After calibration, the GSMaP_Gauge_NRT effectively reduced this bias and was more consistent with gauge observations. Results also showed that the correction scheme of GSMaP_Gauge_NRT mainly acted on hit events and could hardly make up the miss events of the satellite precipitation estimates. Finally, we extended the evaluation to the global scale for a broader view of GSMaP_Gauge_NRT. The global comparisons exhibited that the GSMaP_Gauge_NRT was in good agreement with the GSMaP_Gauge product. In conclusion, the GSMaP_Gauge_NRT had better performance than the GSMaP_NRT and was a more reliable near-real-time satellite precipitation product.
Does Trading Volume Predict Stock Returns? In- and out-of-Sample Evidence from the U.S. and International Markets

This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the dynamic relation between trading volume and stock returns by combining three lines of empirical research that feature prominently in the literature: Granger causality test, out-of-sample stock return predictability, and the high volume return premium in the cross section. Evidence from the U.S. suggests that higher returns do follow more intensive trading, especially in the pre-2000 period. However, the ex-ante predictability delivers a small economic gain equivalent to an annual return of 0.73% for a riskaverse investor. This weak out-of-sample predictive power of volume is absent in most of the other major markets.