Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Explainable AI for Knowledge Acquisition in Hydrochemical Time Series V1.0.0

Abstract. The understanding of water quality and its underlying processes is important for the protection of aquatic environments. Here an explainable AI (XAI) based multivariate time series analytical framework is applied on high-frequency water quality measurements including nitrate and electrical conductivity and twelve other environmental parameters. The relationships between water quality and the environmental parameters are investigated by a cluster analysis which does not depend on prior knowledge about data structure. The cluster analysis is designed to find similar days within a cluster and dissimilar days between clusters. This allows for the data-driven choice of a distance measure. Using a swarm based AI system, the resulting cluster define three states of water bodies, which can be visualized by a topographic map of high-dimensional structures. These structures are explained by rules extracted from decision trees. The rules generated by the XAI system improve the understanding of aquatic environments. The model description presented here allows to extract meaningful, useful, and new knowledge from multivariate time series.
The Effect of Number of Patients Treated, Dental Loupes Usage, Stress, and Exercise on Musculoskeletal Pain among Dentists in Jeddah

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain (MSP) and to explore its potential risk factors among dentists in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey of private and government dentists in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia was undertaken between January and December 2018. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed randomly to consenting participants. Descriptive data analysis involved measures of central tendency and percentages, t test, chi-square, and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate relationships among the variable “having MSP experience after dental work” and other potential predictors among dentists. Results: A total of 300 dentists completed the questionnaires. The overall prevalence of MSP was 68%, with back pain as the most frequently reported symptom (54%). The results revealed significant association of MSP with number of patients treated per day, nonuse of dental loupes during dental work, stress, and lack of regular exercise (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of MSP among dentists in Jeddah is high attributable to poor ergonomics and stress, which further impact the quality of life of practitioners.
Developing Emotion-Aware Human-Robot Dialogues for Domain-Specific and Goal-Oriented Tasks

Developing dialogue services for robots has been promoted nowadays for providing natural human–robot interactions to enhance user experiences. In this study, we adopted a service-oriented framework to develop emotion-aware dialogues for service robots. Considering the importance of the contexts and contents of dialogues in delivering robot services, our framework employed deep learning methods to develop emotion classifiers and two types of dialogue models of dialogue services. In the first type of dialogue service, the robot works as a consultant, able to provide domain-specific knowledge to users. We trained different neural models for mapping questions and answering sentences, tracking the human emotion during the human–robot dialogue, and using the emotion information to decide the responses. In the second type of dialogue service, the robot continuously asks the user questions related to a task with a specific goal, tracks the user’s intention through the interactions and provides suggestions accordingly. A series of experiments and performance comparisons were conducted to evaluate the major components of the presented framework and the results showed the promise of our approach.
Quantitative inheritance of total anthocyanin content in the tassel of small-ear waxy corn (Zea mays var. ceratina)

Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand Plant Breeding Research Center for Sustainable Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA USDA-ARS Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA Corresponding author email: sphala@kku.ac. th Email addresses of co-authors: prakasitkku@gmail.com, kamol9@gmail.com, kholom@kku.ac. th, fsilvaag@iastate.edu, paul.scott@usda.gov
Learning the Game of Go by Scalable Network Without Prior Knowledge of Komi

AlphaGo trains a value network to predict the win rate of the current state with 7.5 komi on a 19 × 19 board. The komi of most rectangular boards is unknown, so we do not know who the winner is at the end of the game. We need to use the human experience to guess a komi and then train the value network with this komi. Therefore, the accuracy of the value network is related to the accuracy of the guess. This article uses the board value network to calculate the score of the current state and tries to maximize the score. Then, we do not need to guess the komi. We also modify the network structure to support the board with arbitrary board size as input. Furthermore, we can transfer knowledge of the small board to the large board. We propose an algorithm that can adapt to the bonus rule. We have experimentally proved that our method is effective on a small board and has the ability to transfer knowledge to the large board. In order to better understand the learning process, we visualize the policy and score of some major branches. Finally, we show the solution that our program obtained on 6 × 6, 6 × 7, and 7 × 8 boards.
Current Status of Magnolia vovidesii (Magnoliaceae, Magnoniales): New Data on Population Trends, Spatial Structure, and Disturbance Threats

Magnolia vovidesii has been found in a few small patches in central Veracruz, Mexico. Previous ecological studies have suggested high reproductive potential and stable population growth; however, in the last 20 years, there have been severe anthropogenic environmental impacts on the species. The main objectives of this study were (a) to document the current trend of the population, (b) to determine its spatial structure, and (c) to identify the main threats to the species in order to propose conservation and management strategies. Our results show a population in decline, caused by high mortality during early establishment stages (seeds and seedlings) and the removal of young sick trees during the reproductive stage. We found a strong spatial dependence between seedlings and reproductive individuals (young and old adults) and a weak spatial association between reproductive stages, suggesting a nursing effect, inbreeding, and pollen dependence. The main threats to the population are frequent plant removal, trails used by people, land-use change, and parasitism. These data show the urgent need to carry out prompt conservation action for the species, with special emphasis on ex situ propagation. The results of this study suggest that M. vovidesii should be transferred to the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List category for critically endangered species.
Sniffin’ Sticks and Olfactometer-Based Odor Thresholds for n-Butanol: Correspondence and Validity for Indoor Air Scenarios

Threshold assessments for the reference odorant n-butanol are an integral part of various research, clinical, and environmental sensory testing procedures. However, the practical significance of a high or low threshold for n-butanol beyond a particular testing environment and procedure are often unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine between-method correlations and to investigate the association between the n-butanol threshold and perceptual/behavioral odor effects in natural breathing scenarios in 35 healthy adults. The thresholds for n-butanol derived from the Sniffin’ Sticks test and determined by the ascending limit dynamic dilution olfactometry procedure were significantly correlated (∣r∣ = 0.47). However, only the thresholds determined by olfactometry were significantly correlated to the odor detection of n-butanol in an exposure lab. Moreover, participants with a higher sensitivity for n-butanol in the olfactometer-based assessment rated ammonia, during a 75 min exposure, to be more unpleasant and showed better performance in a simultaneous 3-back task than participants with lower sensitivity. The results of this study suggest that beyond the strict parameters of a certain psychophysical procedure, the threshold for n-butanol can be a meaningful indicator of odor detection and effects in some cases.
Inhibition of LPS‐induced nitric oxide and TNF‐α production by α‐lipoic acid in rat Kupffer cells and in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages

The activation of Kupffer cells represents a central mechanism of inflammatory liver injury involving the production of two important inflammatory mediators, nitric oxide and TNF‐α. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the hepatoprotective compound α‐lipoic acid (thioctic acid) on the production of nitric oxide and TNF‐α in isolated rat Kupffer cells and RAW 264.7 macrophages. Isolated rat Kupffer cells or RAW 264.7 were either untreated, treated with α‐lipoic acid (500 µg/mL), or activated with 1 µg/mL of lipopolysaccharide in the presence or absence of α‐lipoic acid (0.2−500 µg/mL). After 20 h the accumulation of nitrite was measured by the Griess assay. Tumour necrosis factor‐α secretion was quantified after 4 h by L929 bioassay. Cell viability was determined by mitochondrial reduction of 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) DNA binding activity by gelshift assays. Treatment of Kupffer cells and RAW 264.7 with α‐lipoic acid alone had no effect on basal nitric oxide production. However, α‐lipoic acid significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide‐induced nitrite accumulation. α‐Lipoic acid did not alter basal TNF‐α secretion in Kupffer cells, whereas it significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide‐induced TNF‐α production. α‐Lipoic acid attenuated the activation of nuclear factor‐κB and AP‐1, two transcription factors pivotal in induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase and TNF‐α. α‐Lipoic acid significantly inhibits lipopolysaccharide‐induced macrophage production of nitric oxide and TNF‐α via an attenuated activation of NF‐κB and activator protein‐1. The reduced production of nitric oxide and TNF‐α in Kupffer cells may be involved in the hepatoprotective action conveyed by α‐lipoic acid.
Peptones from Atlantic Cod Stomach as Nitrogen Sources in Growth Media to Marine Bacteria

Peptones were obtained from cod stomachs as a by-product during enzyme production. Minced cod stomachs were autolyzed after acidification with either formic or phosphoric acid, and low molecular weight (< 10 kDa) peptones were recovered. When formic acid was used, an acid peptone was obtained, whereas phosphoric acid was removed from the peptone after calcium precipitation. The peptones were compared with Proteose Peptone (Difco, Detroit, MI, USA) as nitrogen sources in growth media for three marine bacteria. Two fish pathogens—Vibrio anguillarum and Aeromonas salmonicida—grew equally well or better on the cod stomach peptones, whereas a probiotic lactic acid bacteria (Carnobacterium divergens), isolated from salmon intestines, grew much better on the cod stomach peptones than on Proteose Peptone.
BIM Approach for Modeling Airports Terminal Expansion

Smart societies will make more intelligent use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), which has the potential to transform the way to plan and manage infrastructures. New developments in computer hardware, as well as new applications and software, are changing the face of the infrastructure sector and society more generally, driving greater efficiency, increasing productivity, and greatly simplifying construction processes and life-of-asset maintenance. In European countries, the adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM) standards have been expedited. In this research article, the architectural-structural model in a BIM environment of the elevated walkway connecting the gate with the runway, a project named “IV Bridge” under construction for the expansion of the departure area of Naples Capodichino International Airport, is carried out. Software including Autodesk family, Revit for the architectural/structural model, Robot Structural Analysis (RSA) for the analytical verification and Naviswork (NW) for the 4D/5D model were used. The effectiveness and benefits obtained by implementing the BIM methodology are discussed, showing a reduction in terms of construction times and costs.
Understanding Low Rates of Technology Adoption by Women Farmers: A Case Study of the Determinants of Adoption of Improved Sorghum Varieties by Women Farmers in Mbeere District, Kenya

Lingwu Changzao (Ziziphus. jujube Mill) is a Ningxia local variety, it has a good table quality despite its short postharvest life. The respiration rate, the weight change of single fruit during growth development and the losing water of postharvest of fruit were studied. The results showed that the curve of fruit growth development was a double sigmoid characteristic. When the surface colour of fruit changed form jade-green to alizarin crimson, the respiration rate tended to fall during a entire growth development of fruit, which showed a fluctuation phenomenon. The respiration rate descended when the surface color changed from coloring to baby red, but after a crimson stage the respiration rate recurred to its original downtrend. With increasing of single fruit weight, phenomenon of respiration climacteric has not happened and the respiration rate curve showed a concavity characteristic at some stages. As a result, there was not a phenomenon of respiration climacteric with a double sigmoid growth development curve characteristic of fruit.
Changes in isotopic signatures of soil carbon and CO2 respiration immediately and one year after Miscanthus removal

The removal of perennial bioenergy crops, such as Miscanthus, has rarely been studied although it is an important form of land use change. Miscanthus is a C4 plant, and the carbon (C) it deposits during its growth has a different isotopic signature (12/13C) compared to a C3 plant. Identifying the proportion of C stored and released to the atmosphere is important information for ecosystem models and life cycle analyses. During a removal experiment in June 2011 of a 20‐year old Miscanthus field (Grignon, France), vegetation was removed mechanically and chemically. Two replicate plots were converted into a rotation of annual crops, two plots had Miscanthus removed with no soil disturbance, followed by bare soil (set‐aside), one control plot was left with continued Miscanthus cultivation, and an adjacent field was used as annual arable crops control. There was a significant difference in the isotopic composition of the total soil C under Miscanthus compared with adjacent annual arable crops in all three measured soil layers (0–5, 5–10 and 10–20 cm). Before Miscanthus removal, total C in the soil under Miscanthus ranged from 4.9% in the top layer to 3.9% in the lower layers with δ13C values of −16.3 to −17.8 while soil C under the adjacent arable crop was significantly lower and ranged from 1.6 to 2% with δ13C values of −23.2. This did not change much in 2012, suggesting the accumulation of soil C under Miscanthus persists for at least the first year. In contrast, the isotopic signals of soil respiration 1 year after Miscanthus removal from recultivated and set‐aside plots were similar to that of the annual arable control, while just after removal the signals were similar to that of the Miscanthus control. This suggests a rapid change in the form of soil C pools that are respired.
New proviverrine genus from the Early Eocene of Europe and the first phylogeny of Late Palaeocene–Middle Eocene hyaenodontidans (Mammalia)

A new genus and new species of Proviverrinae from the Early Eocene of Europe, Morlodon vellerei, is described. This new taxon is morphologically close to the Middle Eocene genus Matthodon, with which it shares tendencies towards a robust dentition; the two genera also share the reduction of P1. In order to examine the phylogenetic relationships of the new genus Morlodon with Early and Middle Eocene European Proviverrinae, a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest hyaenodontidans was conducted. The taxa analysed range from Late Palaeocene to Middle Eocene and are from Africa, Asia, Europe and North America. The new phylogeny of earliest hyaenodontans clarifies the systematics of the paraphyletic assemblage ‘Proviverrinae’ and results in the recognition of five major clades. The monophyly of the Limnocyoninae and Koholiinae is supported, and two new subfamilies are erected from the ‘Proviverrinae’: Sinopaninae and Arfianinae. A new definition of the Proviverrinae is proposed: only European hyaenodontidans from Early and Middle Eocene are included in this subfamily. However, the phylogenetic relationships between the five subfamilies remain to be established. An ancestral morphotype for the Hyaenodontida is proposed in order to identify the different subfamilies. On the basis of the analysis and of data presently available, an African origin for Hyaenodontida is proposed. Hyaenodontidans are involved in the faunal dispersals that occurred around the Palaeocene–Eocene (P/E) boundary. They dispersed from Africa to Asia during the Late Palaeocene (Limnocyoninae), and at the P/E boundary from Africa to Europe (Proviverrinae) and to North America through Europe (Sinopaninae and Arfianinae). Proviverrinae remain an endemic European group, whereas Sinopaninae, Limnocyoninae and Arfianinae mainly evolved in North America. Koholiinae represents the sole endemic African group. The probable African origin of the Hyaenodontida supports the diphyletism of ‘Creodonta’ and abandonment of this taxon. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:450D4FAB-42F0-4824-9DE0-DEED591C0D14
ANTIOXIDATIVE ACTIVITY OF PROTEIN HYDROLYSATE FROM ROUND SCAD MUSCLE USING ALCALASE AND FLAVOURZYME

Antioxidative activity of hydrolysates from round scad (Decapterus maruadsi) muscle with degrees of hydrolysis (DH) of 20, 40 and 60%, prepared using Alcalase (HA) or Flavourzyme (HF), was determined. At the same DH, HF exhibited a higher 1,1 -diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and reducing power, but a lower Fe 2+ chelating ability than HA. HF from isopropanol-defatted muscle with 60% DH was extracted using different solvents, and hexane (El), dichloromethane (E2), ethyl acetate (E3) and residual (R) fractions were obtained. Among all fractions, E2 and E3 exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power. HF with 60% DH and E2 at 1,000 ppm exhibited antioxidant activity in linoleic oxidation and lecithin liposome systems, and the results were comparable to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at 100 ppm. Therefore, type of proteinase, DH and defatting process prior to hydrolysis exerted an influence on the antioxidative activity of hydrolysates.
Deskripsi Kemampuan Berikir Kritis Matematis dan Kemandirian Belajar Siswa Ditinjau dari Gaya Belajar

The study aimed to describe the mathematical critical thinking skills and learner autonomy of students at SMP Negeri 1 Baturraden viewed from learning style. This study was descriptive qualitative. The subjects of the study were students of grade VII G. The selection of the sample was done through purposive sampling technique obtaining 3 students of visual learning style, 3 students of auditory learning style and 3 students of kinesthetic learning style. Techniques to collect the data were questionnaire, test, and interview. Data analyses were data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The validity test of the data was triangulation test of triangulation techniques. The findings obtained that students with visual learning styles mastered the indicators of analytical skills, synthesizing skills, problem solving skills as well as the skills of evaluating and assessing, meanwhile the learner autonomy mastered indicators of learning strategies, planning, evaluating, assignments/exercises, various learning resources and students workbook. Students with auditory learning styles grasped indicators of analytical skills, problem solving skills, as well as evaluating and assessing skills while for learner autonomy understood indicators of learning strategies, planning, evaluating, various learning resources and students workbook. While kinesthetic learning style students grasped the indicators of synthesizing and evaluating skills while for learner autonomy mastered the indicators of using learning strategies and using various learning resources.
Dual-Polarized mm-Wave Endfire Antenna for Mobile Devices

This article presents a dual-polarized millimeter-wave endfire antenna array for mobile devices. The antenna array is integrated into a metal-framed mobile phone and radiates through a $20\times 3.5$ mm2 window in the metal frame. The measurement results show a realized gain above 6 dBi for the frequency band of 28–33 GHz for a three-element array. Beam-steering up to ±40 is possible. The array is physically offset from the metal frame, thus minimizing the capacitive loading effect on the sub-6 GHz antennas. Moreover, due to the lack of mechanical contact between the frame and the antenna module, the antenna is robust against external impacts or hits to the phone. The design of the antenna module facilitates integration in mobile devices for mm-wave operation.
Effect of pre-treatment on anaerobic biodegradability of Gracilaria verrucosa

In global world, increasing needs of energy is parallel to the increase of population. The limitation of land availability and change of land use has turning the focus into marine biomass, especially macroalgae, as renewable energy feedstocks. Indonesia is one of the biggest countries producing marine macroalgae. The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of washing pre-treatment on the characteristics of macroalgae and its biodegradability in anaerobic digestion process. In this study, a biochemical methane potential (BMP) test was carried out using fresh macroalgae, specifically Gracilaria verrucosa. The ratio of inoculum to substrate was 6:1 with operation temperature of 37 °C and incubated for 28 days. Prior the BMP test, the G. verrucosa samples were washed with flowing water for 10 minutes. The findings confirmed for washing pre-treatment was significantly enhance cumulative biogas and methane production by more than 50%. The specific methane potential (SMP) of washed G. verrucosa increased by six-fold, with the value of 0.108 m3 CH4 / kg VS. In this case, reduction of salinity concentration after washing may play an important role in increasing the anaerobic degradability. It was estimated that a high electricity potential is generated from anaerobic digestion of G. verrucosa after washing pre-treatment.