Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study on knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning and determinants of fertility among different socio religious groups in a southern city: a cross sectional study

Background: The present study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude, the practice of family planning and to study the determinants of fertility in different socio religious population in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried out among 150 study subjects using a self-administered questionnaire. The data was collected and analyzed with Epi info version 7.Results: Only 144 participants actively participated and given their consent. Majority of them have knowledge about any one method of contraception. An average of both Muslim and Hindu religion have known about the natural contraceptive methods, oral contraceptive pills and IUCD was equal and an average of 11-12% of the participant were aware about side effects of oral contraceptive pills. The objections to contraceptive preventing women from using contraceptives coming from husbands and mother-in-law were strongly agreed/agreed in Hindu and Muslim population almost similar. The religious believes were strongly agreed/agreed in Muslim women than Hindu. Even though most of the participants visited or consulted with health care professionals in health center for family planning and 3/4th of them were using contraception. While comparing the four proximate determinants of fertility, index of contraception had greater impact on fertility than others.Conclusions: The present study highlighted that most of the women have not practised and have less knowledge about modern contraceptive methods. Innovative approaches have to be planned, tested and implemented to ensure their access to information, contraceptive methods and family planning services.
Social as much as environmental: the drivers of tree biomass in smallholder forest landscape restoration programmes

A major challenge for forest landscape restoration initiatives is the lack of quantitative evidence on how social factors drive environmental outcomes. Here we conduct an interdisciplinary quantitative analysis of the environmental and social drivers of tree biomass accumulation across 639 smallholder farms restoring native tree species in Mexico, Uganda and Mozambique. We use environmental and social data to assess the relative effects of key hypothesised drivers on aboveground biomass accumulation at the farm-level over ten years. We supplement this with a qualitative analysis of perspectives from local farmers and agroforestry technicians on the potential causal mechanisms of the observed social effects. We find that the material wellbeing of farmers (e.g. assets) and access to agroforestry knowledge explain as much variation in biomass as water availability. Local perspectives suggest that this is caused by the higher adaptive capacity of some farmers and their associated ability to respond to social-ecological shocks and stresses. Additionally, the variation in biomass between farms increased over time. Local perspectives suggested that this was caused by emergent exogenous and stochastic influences which cannot be reliably predicted in technical analyses and guidance. To deal with this persistent uncertainty, local perspectives emphasised the need for flexible and adaptive processes at the farm- and village-levels. The consistency of these findings across three countries suggests these findings are relevant to similar forest restoration interventions. Our findings provide novel quantitative evidence of a social-ecological pathway where the adaptive capacity of local land users can improve ecological processes. Our findings emphasize the need for forest restoration programmes to prioritise investment in the capabilities of local land users, and to ensure that rules support, rather than hinder, adaptive management.
Aesthetical cognitive perceptions of urban street form. Pedestrian preferences towards straight or curvy route shapes

ABSTRACT Human perception of space is not purely metric. Route angularity and complexity-minimizing paths suggest that pedestrians, consciously or not, tend to reduce the number and the angle of turns when selecting routes. Decisions involving route selection are different when the main criterion is not the orientation but the aesthetics of urban forms. This paper indicates that 80% of a stratified random sample of 102 people stated to prefer, ceteris paribus and for continuous/legible routes, to walk throughout curvy paths instead of straight and felt the former as shorter too, to generically walk through a route, and to reach a destination.
When Asking “What” and “How” Helps You Win: Mimicry of Interrogative Terms Facilitates Successful Online Negotiations

Strategic word mimicry during negotiations facilitates better outcomes. We explore mimicry of speciﬁc word categories and perceptions of rapport, trust, and liking as underlying mechanisms. Dyads took part in an online negotiation exercise in which word mimicry was manipulated: Participants were instructed to mimic each other’s words (both-mimic), one participant mimicked the other (half-mimic), or neither participant mimicked (neither-mimic). When given a simple instruction to mimic their partner, participants mimicked both the style (personal pronouns, adverbs, linguistic style, interrogative terms) and the content (afﬁliation terms, power terms, and assents) of their partner’s messages. Mimicry was associated with greater joint and individual points gain and perceptions of rapport from the mimicked partner. Further, mimicry of inter-rogative terms (e.g., how, why) mediated positive effects of mimicry upon negotiation outcomes, suggesting the coordination of question asking between negotiators is an important strategy to create beneﬁcial interactions and add value in negotiations.
Ideology and Interests in the Political Marketplace

I develop a statistical method to measure the ideology of candidates and PACs using contribution data. The method recovers ideal points for incumbents that strongly correlate with ideological measures recovered from voting records, while simultaneously recovering positions for political action committees (PACs), unsuccessful challengers and open-seat candidates. As the candidate ideal points are estimated independently of voting records, they represent a useful new resource for testing models of legislative behavior. By incorporating non-ideological covariates known to influence PAC contributions, the method also shows promise as a platform for furthering our understanding of PAC contribution behavior.
Voice Quality and Ostracism

To move beyond the current emphasis on voice level or quantity in voice research, it is important to consider the effects of making suggestions that others view as poor quality. Guided by sociometer theory, we propose that voice quality affects workplace ostracism: The coworker may see the employee who makes bad suggestions as incompetent, which results in the employee being ostracized. The employee’s ostracism experience matters because it may not only result in the employee’s self-perception of poor voice quality but may also lead the employee to rate the coworker’s suggestions more harshly. In a field study over 6 weeks (294 employee-coworker dyads) and two vignette experiments (401 subjects), we found support for this sociometer view of voice quality. Thus, this study makes an important contribution to voice research by highlighting the quality dimension of voice. Employees who hope to effect change through their voice should monitor whether the quality of their suggestions will be judged favorably or unfavorably by their coworkers to avoid being ostracized.
Effects of Affective State on Episodic Memory Retrieval

Attention Readers and Researchers "PDF version of this article has been modified two to three times due to problems with one figure and with missing words in the title. The final version of the PDF was last updated on September 27, 2014. We apologise for the inconvenience this might cause. " Abstract The role of emotion in memory recollection has been an arguable issue for a decade. Episodic memory is very triggering in our day to day life and so as our affective states. Present study was conducted to see whether positive, negative and neutral emotional states (affective states) have any effect in recollecting emotion congruent or incongruent episodic memory. Words of positive, negative, or neutral were presented to the participants either in positive, negative, or neutral mood and immediate recall was used in this present experiment. It was hypothesized that congruent mood would enhance better episodic memory recollection than incongruent mood. A total of 36 adult healthy participants were selected for this experiment following an incidental sampling techniques and they were divided into two contrasting groups namely, congruent and incongruent following purely on the basis of chance. Phases of stimulus presentations were counterbalanced. Different images were used to manipulate affective states of the respondents, and different positive (18 words), negative (18 words) and neutral (18 words) words were used as stimulus. Results were analyzed using paired t test. Results revealed that negative mood enhance negative word retrieval (t = 2.159, p <0.05) but not positive words. Findings were discussed in the light of current theories of episodic memory recollection. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jbayr.v2i1. 20536 Journal of the Bangladesh Association of Young Researchers (JBAYR): Vol.2(1), 2012 & 2013: 1-8
Mechanisms of Podocyte Detachment, Podocyturia, and Risk of Progression of Glomerulopathies

Background: Glomerulopathies are the main cause of ESRD. Primary or secondary causes of glomerular diseases comprise more than 70% of cases that end up in renal replacement therapies. Summary: The total glomerular mass that each individual contains is key to maintaining normal kidney function. Diabetes, hypertension, and any primary or secondary glomerulopathy may threaten the normal glomerular function. In fact, any glomerular insult may alter the glomerular filtration barrier, which in turn is composed by the podocyte, the glomerular basement membrane, and the capillary endothelial cell. Deposition of immune complexes, antibodies, or complement components at the subepithelial, intramembranous, or subendothelial space, and mutations in podocyte, slit diaphragm, or glomerular basement membrane proteins or enzymes are the main etiologies of glomerular alterations. Podocytes are glomerular cells that do not divide under normal circumstances. In this respect, maintenance of the absolute podocyte number per glomerulus is critical for normal glomerular function. As the insult progresses, podocytes start to detach from the glomerular basement membrane. When the podocyte loss is over 40% in a glomerulus, glomerulosclerosis develops, and obliteration of the glomerulus is the rule. In clinical grounds, this phenomenon is diagnosed mainly by proteinuria and a decline in glomerular filtration rate. Key messages: In this review article, the impact of podocyturia in glomerular diseases and the main mechanisms of podocyte detachment are discussed. Finally, potential targets of therapeutic approach are suggested.
Image Resolution Enhancement using Bicubic and Spline Interpolation Techniques

Images are being used in many fields of research. One of the major issues of images is their resolution. In this paper we are studying different image resolution enhancement techniques that use Wavelet Transform (WT). Basis functions of the WT are small waves located in different times. They are obtained using scaling and translation of a scaling function and wavelet function Therefore, the WT is localized in both time and frequency. In this method is used to improve the image resolution for different type of images. In this paper we are comparing different image resolution enhancement techniques those using Wavelet Transform. In this correspondence, the authors propose an image resolution enhancement technique based on interpolation of the high frequency subband images obtained by discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and the input image. The edges are enhanced by introducing an intermediate stage by using stationary wavelet transform (SWT). DWT is applied in order to decompose an input image into different subbands. Then the high frequency subbands as well as the input image are interpolated. The estimated high frequency subbands are being modified by using high frequency subband obtained through SWT. Then all these subbands are combined to generate a new high resolution image by using inverse DWT (IDWT). The quantitative and visual results are showing the superiority of the proposed technique over the conventional and state-ofart image resolution enhancement techniques. Keywords— Image Interpolation, Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT). -------------------------------------************************--------------------------------
Discovering associations between players' performance indicators and matches' results in the European Soccer Leagues

The application of data mining techniques and statistical analysis to the sports field has received increasing attention in the last decade. One of the most famous sports in the world is soccer, and the present work deals with it, using data from the 2009/2010 season to the 2015/2016 season from nine European leagues extracted from the Kaggle European Soccer database. Overall performance indicators of the four roles in a soccer team (forward, midfielder, defender and goalkeeper) for home and away teams are used to investigate the relationships between them and the results of matches, and to predict the wins of the home team. The model used to answer both these demands is the Bayesian Network. This study shows that this model can be very useful for mining the relations between players' performance indicators and for improving knowledge of the game strategies applied by coaches in different leagues. Moreover, it is shown that the ability to predict match results of the proposed Bayesian Network is roughly the same as that of the Naive Bayes model.
Hydrologic Performance of an Extensive Green Roof in Syracuse, NY

Green roof performance reported in literature varies widely—the result of differences in green roof design and climate, as well as limitations in study design and duration. The need exists for full-scale studies under real climate conditions to inform the design, modeling, and planning of new green roof installations. The purpose of this study is to quantify hydrologic performance of a large green roof and characterize its dominant physical processes. To achieve this, a 5550 m2 extensive green roof in Syracuse, New York, designed to hold a 25.4 mm rain event, is monitored for 21 months. Over the monitoring period, the roof retains 56% of the 1062 mm of rainfall recorded. Peak runoff is reduced by an average of 65%. Eleven events exceed 20 mm and are responsible for 38% of the rainfall and 24% of the annual retention. Retention in the summer is lower than that in the fall or spring, as a result of greater rainfall intensity during the period sampled. Soil moisture during winter months remains high, reducing the ability of the roof to retain rainfall volume from new events. Comparison of seasonal data demonstrates the strong influence of rainfall intensity on runoff and the effect of initial soil moisture on event retention.
Central European Journal of Medicine Predictors of Diabetic Nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients representing a huge health and economic burden. Alarming recent data described diabetes as an unprecedented worldwide epidemic, with a prevalence of ~6.4% of the world population in 2010, while the prevalence of CKD among diabetics was approximately 40%. With a clinical field hungry for novel markers predicting DN, several clinical and laboratory markers were identified lately with the promise of reliable DN prediction. Among those are age, gender, hypertension, smoking, sex hormones and anemia. In addition, eccentric left ventricular geometric patterns, detected by echocardiography, and renal hypertrophy, revealed by ultrasonography, are promising new markers predicting DN development. Serum and urinary markers are still invaluable elements, including serum uric acid, microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria, urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (u-LFABP), and urinary nephrin. Moreover, studies have illustrated a tight relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and the development of DN. The purpose of this review is to present the latest advances in identifying promising predictors to DN, which will help guide the future research questions in this field. Aiming at limiting this paramount threat, further efforts are necessary to identify and control independent modifiable risk factors, while developing an integrative algorithm for utilization in DN future screening programs. © Versita Sp. z o.o.
Testing deviations from ΛCDM with growth rate measurements from six large-scale structure surveys at $z = $0.06–1

We use measurements from the Planck satellite mission and galaxy redshift surveys over the last decade to test three of the basic assumptions of the standard model of cosmology, ΛCDM (Λ cold dark matter): the spatial curvature of the universe, the nature of dark energy and the laws of gravity on large scales. We obtain improved constraints on several scenarios that violate one or more of these assumptions. We measure w_0 = −0.94 ± 0.17 (18 per cent measurement) and 1 + w_a = 1.16 ± 0.36 (31 per cent measurement) for models with a time-dependent equation of state, which is an improvement over current best constraints. In the context of modified gravity, we consider popular scalar–tensor models as well as a parametrization of the growth factor. In the case of one-parameter f(R) gravity models with a ΛCDM background, we constrain B_0 < 1.36 × 10^−5 (1σ C.L.), which is an improvement by a factor of 4 on the current best. We provide the very first constraint on the coupling parameters of general scalar–tensor theory and stringent constraint on the only free coupling parameter of Chameleon models. We also derive constraints on extended Chameleon models, improving the constraint on the coupling by a factor of 6 on the current best. The constraints on coupling parameter for Chameleon model rule out the value of β_1 = 4/3 required for f(R) gravity. We also measure γ = 0.612 ± 0.072 (11.7 per cent measurement) for growth index parametrization. We improve all the current constraints by combining results from various galaxy redshift surveys in a coherent way, which includes a careful treatment of scale dependence introduced by modified gravity.
Pistachio Bushy Top Syndrome : The Association Between Rhodococcus sp . and Clonal UCB-1 Rootstock in Arizona and California

Clonally propagated ‘UCB-1’ (Pistacia atlantica x P. integerrima) rootstock is an interspecific hybrid that is widely used by the pistachio industry. In the last three years, a large number of clonally-propagated ‘UCB-1’ pistachio rootstocks newly planted in California and Arizona orchards exhibited symptoms that include shortened internodes, stunted growth, swollen lateral buds, bushy/bunchy growth pattern, and twisted roots with virtually no lateral branching. In California, many of these trees also had stem galls. The percentage of abnormal rootstocks within affected orchards varied from 8% to 63% with approximately 30% budding success in the field. Within one to two years of t-budding, many trees exhibited unusual bark cracking around the bud-union.
Influences of Psychological Well-being, Job Support, and Paternal Involvement on Working Mothers’ Involvement and Authoritative Parenting in Hong Kong

This study explored the influences of maternal psychological well-being, maternal job support, and paternal involvement on the involvement and authoritative parenting of Hong Kong working mothers. A total of 193 mothers and their spouses completed a questionnaire to assess their involvement. Mothers also completed questionnaires to assess their psychological well-being, perceived job support, and authoritative parenting. Findings from regression analyses showed that maternal psychological well-being, maternal job support, and paternal involvement predicted how involved or authoritative mothers would be in their parenting. The findings reveal that caring relationships, support in the workplace, and paternal involvement are important in encouraging the involvement and authoritative parenting of working mothers.
A comparative framework to support an ecosystem approach to fisheries in a global context

Although an ecosystem approach to fisheries has been recognized as a means of progressing toward sustainable fishing, successful implementation of this approach has been limited. However, one way in which progress has been made is through the use of suites of indicators. Decision tree frameworks can be used to incorporate trends in ecological, fishing, and environmental indicators into ecosystem assessments. A relatively generic decision tree framework has been developed and successfully applied to multiple ecosystems. This framework incorporates trends in indicators, as well as the impacts of fishing pressure and environmental variability on ecological indicators in order to assess the state of each ecosystem. The inclusion of ecosystem expert knowledge from the outset ensures trends are correctly interpreted and allows analyses to contribute to global comparisons in a robust and meaningful manner. Although ecological and environmental indicators are well developed, those addressing the human dimensions of marine ecosystems are less so. This framework holds the potential to incorporate such indicators in order to fully assess marine ecosystems in a comparative context. Such assessments could help ensure food security from marine resources into the future as well as ensuring the well-being of coastal communities. Here critical review of the potential value of this framework has been conducted, with its usefulness emphasized in the similarities it holds, and in the contribution it could make, to current global methods of ecosystem assessments.