Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF THE ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF THE BIOCOMPOUND BASED ON MELALEUCA (Melaleuca alternifolia) AND CLOVE (Eugenia caryophyllata) ESSENTIAL OILS ON DIFFERENT Candida spp.

Genus Candida primarily responsible for infections associated with fungemia. Toxicity of antifungals is observed in the treatment of candidiasis. Interest in herbal medicine has grown. Plant essential oils are less harmful offering better results than synthetic medicines. Essential oils Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) and Eugenia caryophyllata (clove) have antimicrobial and antifungal activities. Biocompound a product with essential oils, has as its main constituents melaleuca and clove. Registered at ANVISA as antiseptic and healing. Objective: to evaluate the antifungal activity and cytotoxicity of the Biocompound against the genus Candida. Disk diffusion tests showed no results. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration: Candida albicans ATCC 24433 (256 µg/ml) ketoconazole (0,80 µg/ml), Candida albicans ATCC 14053 (154,60 µg/ml) ketoconazole (0,31 µg/ml), Candida krusei (30,80 µg/ml) ml) ketoconazole (3,16 µg/ml) and Candida glabrata (26,30 µg/ml) ketoconazole (3,18 µg/ml). Cytotoxicity: Biocompound showed low toxicity, being 8,30 times lower than ketoconazole. Selectivity Index: best results against Candida glabrata the Biocompound presented a value 14,70 times greater than ketoconazole and Candida krusei Biocompound presented a selectivity index 12,44 times greater than ketoconazole. Conclusion: Biocompound was effective against the genus Candida, mainly against Candida glabrata and Candida krusei, strains resistant to current drugs. Biocompound is a promising treatment against Candida.
Worlds of Food: Place, Power, and Provenance in the Food Chain

Introduction 1. Networks, Conventions, and Regions: Theorizing 'Worlds of Food' 2. The Regulatory World of Agri-food: Politics, Power, and Conventions 3. Geographies of Agri-food 4. Localized Quality in Tuscany 5. California: The Parallel Worlds of Rival Agri-food Paradigms 6. The Commodity World in Wales 7. Beyond the Placeless Foodscape: Place, Power, and Provenance Bibliography Index
Inversion of airborne electromagnetic survey data for sea-ice keel shape

It is possible to interpret conventional airborne electromagnetic (EM) data acquired over ice‐covered Arctic seas to obtain values of the sea ice thickness and, where needed, the actual sea ice keel geometry. To do so, we require high‐frequency (inductive limit) data that allows us to assume that the ice is virtually transparent to the EM fields while the sea water forms a perfect conductor. Practically, a 100 kHz operating frequency is needed, but data acquired at a lower frequency can be scaled to obtain the required inductive limit anomaly. The data inversion is done by linking Occam’s inversion method to a rapid numerical, two‐dimensional, forward solution for the ice keel problem. A most useful feature of the adopted inversion scheme is the minimization of the roughness or the mean square slope of the keel boundary. In some cases, where the keel might be bounded by steeply dipping walls, this constraint may result in a less accurate solution than might be obtained with a conventional technique. In mo.
Accuracy of Astigmatism Calculation with the Barrett, Panacea, and enVista Toric Calculators

Purpose: To evaluate residual refractive astigmatism using the Panacea and enVista toric calculators, compared to the gold-standard Barrett toric calculator. Design: A retrospective and comparative study was conducted in one center. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of all patients with a diagnosis of senile cataracts and regular corneal astigmatism, without previous corneal or intraocular surgery, who underwent phacoemulsification with implantation of a toric intraocular lens, who had pre- and postoperative corneal topography, biometry, and refraction measurements. Results: The frequency of preoperative astigmatism according to the axis was 70 (84%) eyes showing with-the-rule (WTR) astigmatism, 9 (14%) eyes with against-the-rule (ATR) astigmatism, and 1 (2%) eye with oblique astigmatism. Regarding astigmatism prediction errors, there were statistically significant differences between the enVista and Panacea calculators (median of 0.39, 0.18, and 0.52 for Barrett, enVista, and Panacea, respectively). The residual astigmatism prediction error centroid was similar for the Barrett and enVista toric calculators, and both were lower compared to the Panacea calculator (x-component p < 0.001). Conclusions: The enVista toric calculator incorporating the Emmetropia Verifying Optical (EVO) toric calculator provides similar results to the gold-standard Barrett calculator.
Radiative flux opens new window on climate research

For several decades, global satellites observations have been made of the rate at which electromagnetic energy (radiative flux) is emerging from the top of the atmosphere of our planet in the spectral range of about 0.2–50.0 μn. At the same time, models have been developed to infer the radiative flux at the surface from the values observed by the satellites at the upper boundary. The balance of incoming and outgoing radiative flux (radiation budget) at both boundaries, determines the net gain or loss of the radiative energy within an atmospheric column. This information can be used for improving our understanding of atmospheric dynamics, namely, motions responsible for our weather.
Challenges and Opportunities behind the Use of Herbaria in Paleogenomics Studies

Paleogenomics focuses on the recovery, manipulation, and analysis of ancient DNA (aDNA) from historical or long-dead organisms to reconstruct and analyze their genomes. The aDNA is commonly obtained from remains found in paleontological and archaeological sites, conserved in museums, and in other archival collections. Herbarium collections represent a great source of phenotypic and genotypic information, and their exploitation has allowed for inference and clarification of previously unsolved taxonomic and systematic relationships. Moreover, herbarium specimens offered a new source for studying phenological traits in plants and for disentangling biogeography and evolutionary scenarios of species. More recently, advances in molecular technologies went in parallel with the decreasing costs of next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches, which paved the way to the utilization of aDNA for whole-genome studies. Although many studies have been carried out combining modern analytic techniques and ancient samples, such as herbarium specimens, this research field is still relatively unexplored due to the need for improving strategies for aDNA manipulation and exploitation from ancient samples. The higher susceptibility of aDNA to degradation and contamination during herbarium conservation and manipulation and the occurrence of biochemical postmortem damage can result in a more challenging reconstruction of the original DNA sequence. Here, we review the methodological approaches that have been developed for the exploitation of historical herbarium plant materials, such as best practices for aDNA extraction, amplification, and genotyping. We also focus on some strategies to overcome the main problems related to the utilization of herbarium specimens for their exploitation in plant evolutionary studies.
Community Sanitation Risk Assessment of Tanjung Raja Village: A Rural Slum Study

Background: Areas with high sanitation risks have the potential to transmit infectious diseases. Meanwhile, Tanjung Raja Village is an area with a high level of slums and frequent flooding, so it has the potential to have sanitation risks. This study aimed to assess sanitation risk in Tanjung Raja village. Method: This was a quantitative study using the Environmental Sanitation Risk Assessment method. The study sample was all households in Neighborhood III of Tanjung Raja Village as many as 115 respondents using Simple Random Sampling. Results: The sanitation risk assessment of Tanjung Raja Village had a scoring category in RT 5 with high-risk results (score 3) and in RT 6 with fewer risk results (score 1) and Environmental health risks obtained related to sanitation included clean water, ownership of latrines, ownership of household waste bins, and wastewater disposal facilities. Conclusion: Tanjung Raja village has the potential to have a high sanitation risk with densely populated areas and flooded areas.
Discrete element simulations of continental collision in Asia

Analogue physical modelling using granular materials (i.e., sandbox experiments) has been applied with great success to a number of geological problems at various scales. Such physical experiments can also be simulated numerically with the Discrete Element Method (DEM). In this study, we apply the DEM simulation to the collision between the Indian subcontinent and the Eurasian Plate, one of the most significant current tectonic processes in the Earth. DEM simulation has been applied to various kinds of dynamic modelling, not only in structural geology but also in soil mechanics, rock mechanics, and the like. As the target of the investigation is assumed to be an assembly of many tiny particles, DEM simulation makes it possible to treat an object with large and discontinuous deformations. However, in DEM simulations, we often encounter difficulties when we examine the validity of the input parameters, since little is known about the relationship between the input parameters for each particle and the properties of the whole assembly. Therefore, in our previous studies (Yamada et al., 2002a, 2002b, 2002c), we were obliged to tune the input parameters by trial and error. To overcome these difficulties, we introduce a numerical biaxial test with the DEM simulation. Using the results of this numerical test, we examine the validity of the input parameters used in the collision model. The resulting collision model is quite similar to the real deformation observed in eastern Asia, and compares well with GPS data and in-situ stress data in eastern Asia.
Influence of plasma ions on source rates for the lunar exosphere during passage through the Earth's magnetosphere

The total electron flux in the lunar exosphere, measured by the Electron Reflectometer onboard the Lunar Prospector during its passage through the Earth's magnetosphere (June 7–16, 1998), is strongly correlated with variations in the column abundance of equatorial sodium observed coincidentally with the McMath‐Pierce solar telescope at Kitt Peak. At the same time, the exospheric temperature increased from a minimum of 1200 K to a maximum of 3000 K at minimum phase angle. A comparison of different source mechanisms, using the measured electron flux as the proxy for the ion flux, provides strong evidence that ion impact enhances the photon‐stimulated desorption yield. At the Moon photon‐stimulated desorption is shown to be the dominant source of exospheric sodium outside the magnetosphere. Inside the magnetosphere, where the ion flux and the associated photon‐stimulated desorption yield decrease, the contributions from impact vaporization to the observed column abundance and temperature are found to be substantial.
Observations and modeling of the ionospheric behaviors over the east Asia zone during the 22 July 2009 solar eclipse

[1] The longest total solar eclipse during the 21st century with a maximum duration of 6 min and 39 s occurred in South and East Asia on 22 July 2009. The TEC data from four GPS stations in the total eclipse region (around 30°N) from 105°E to 135°E are used to study the variation in TEC. Height profiles of electron density from Formosa3/Cosmic satellites are used to study the height dependence of the electron density response. We also modeled the eclipse effects on the ionosphere by an ionospheric model. Both the observations from F3/C and the modeled results show that there is an overall decrease in the electron density below F2 region, with the largest relative decrease occurring at F1 region. The TEC observations show the delay time of the largest TEC decrease at the total eclipse region with regard to the maximum obscuration is less than five minutes and smaller than what is estimated from the time constant of the plasma loss rate at the F2 peak altitude although main contribution to TEC comes from the plasma density in the F2 region. The modeling study shows that, due to the large plasma flux from topside ionosphere to F2 layer, the TEC response around 30°N is mainly due to the electron density response at low altitudes (E and F1 region, 200 km below) where the time delay of electron density response is very short (less than 4 min). Thus the time delay of TEC response would also be short as observed by GPS TEC.
I.—On the Bone-beds of Pikermi, Attica, and on similar Deposits in Northern Eubœa

At the suggestion of the British Minister at Athens, Sir Edwin H. Egerton, K.C. B. , the Trustees of the British Museum recently undertook a series of excavations in the well-known bone-beds of Pikermi, in Attica, and I was honoured by being entrusted with the supervision of the work. The owner of the estate, Mr. Alexander Skousés, former Minister of War, most cordially assented, and gave every possible facility for the undertaking; while Sir Edwin Egerton's unflagging interest and zeal combined to ensure the greatest success. My wife and I went into residence at the farm of Pikermi early in April, and we continued to occupy the simple but comfortable room which Mr. Skousés had kindly placed at our disposal, until the cessation of digging in the middle of July. During much of the time we were accompanied by Dr. Theodore Skouphos, Conservator of the Geological Museum in the University of Athens, which claims some share of the results of all such excavations made in Greece. We have to thank him for much help in dealing with the workmen, who spoke only a language with which I was at first unfamiliar.
Distribution of organic‐walled dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments from transects across the Polar Front offshore southeast Greenland

The Polar Front along the southeast Greenland Margin denotes the contrasting hydrographic properties of the polar and Atlantic water masses on either side. The remains of planktonic organisms in underlying sediments are expected to reflect these contrasts. To test this, we quantitatively analysed the organic‐walled dinoflagellate cyst (dinocyst) assemblages in surface sediments from transects across the present‐day Polar Front on the southeast Greenland Margin.
Zernike decomposition of aberrations in strong atmospheric turbulence

The decomposition of turbulence-induced phase aberrations into Zernike polynomials is performed using simulation and numerical techniques, extending well-known analytic results when scintillation is weak. A spherical-wave geometry is assumed. Strong scintillation (Rytov variance > 0.3) has an impact on the distribution of aberration strength, and this impact depends on range and wavelength. A saturation effect is observed. Anisotropy affects the distribution of aberrations between nearby Zernike orders. Non-Kolmogorov exponents lower than 11/3 in magnitude tend to reduce the lower-order aberrations and slightly enhance the higher aberrations, as expected. The interplay of strong turbulence, anisotropy, and non-Kolmogorov exponents is also explored. Significant deviations from the existing weak-turbulence theory are found in some cases.
Tors, felsenmeer, and glaciation in northern Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island

On the basis of two case studies in eastern Baffin Island it is suggested that tors and felsenmeer have survived beneath the Laurentide ice sheet. These features, therefore, need not be diagnostic of areas that escaped glaciation. Rather, the existence of tors and felsenmeer may reflect situations where the overlying Laurentide ice sheet was cold-based.
Application of kinematic wave theory for predicting flash flood hazards on coupled alluvial fan–piedmont plain landforms

A rainstorm that caused a severe flash flood on the piedmont plain at the toe positions of two alluvial fans located to the west of the Organ Mountains in Dona Ana County, New Mexico, USA, is analysed. The space–time distributions of rainfall are evaluated from the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) and overland flow is modelled as kinematic wave. The spatial distribution of rainfall shows a topographic control. The greatest rainfall depth, duration, and intensity occurred at the higher elevation mountain slopes and decreased with decreasing elevation from the alluvial fans to the piedmont plain. The alluvial fan–piedmont plain system is modelled by coupling divergent and rectangular overland flow planes. Explicit finite difference approximations, hybridized with the analytical method of characteristics, are made to the kinematic wave equations to account for the spatial and temporal distribution of the rainfall and variable boundary conditions. Simulation results indicate that sheet‐flow floodwater elevations rise (1) in a nonlinear fashion from the apex to toe positions of the alluvial fans, and (2) near linearly from the toe positions of the alluvial fans onto the piedmont plains with the formation of kinematic shocks near the middle to the upstream end of the plane at times between the initiation of the rainstorm and the time of concentration of the plane. Thus, the maximum flooding occurs at the middle or upstream sections of the piedmont plains regardless of the pattern of space–time variability of rainfall. These results are in agreement with observed geomorphologic features suggesting that piedmont plains are naturally flood‐prone areas. This case study demonstrates that flood hazards on piedmont plains can exceed those on alluvial fans. The models presented in this study suggest that the flood hazard zones on coupled alluvial fan–piedmont plain landforms should be delineated transverse to the flow directions, as opposed to the flood hazard zones with boundaries in the longitudinal direction of the axis of an alluvial fan. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seasonal and Spatial patterns in sheep grazing on a high‐level plateau in the Grampian Mountains, Scotland

Abstract Sheep usage of part of the summit of Glas Maol was monitored by pellet‐group counts to determine impact on Carex bigelowii‐Racomitrium lanuginosum moss heath. The effects of a fenced skiing corridor in giving shelter and disrupting ranging movements were assessed. Dung deposition was appreciable only from June to September each year, and heaviest in July and August; occupance seemed to depend on the presence of substantial quantities of green herbage. Dung deposition was much greater within 5 m of the fence, probably because of its sheltering effect. The estimated May‐October stocking of 1.1 sheep ha‐1 on the main plateau is surprisingly heavy for the altitude, whereas usage by red deer was negligible.
Studies of magnetic field micropulsations with periods of 5 to 30 seconds

Magnetic field micropulsations with periods of 5 to 30 sec were studied for 7 months of 1958 at a station in southern California with a 2-m-diameter coil antenna of 21,586 turns. The local diurnal amplitude fluctuation attained maxima at 0945 and 1400 hours. Twenty-seven-day solar dependence and correlations with magnetic and ionospheric F-layer disturbances were evident. The storm time variation for micropulsation storms showed a secondary maximum at 65 min.
Unit Correlation With Interactive Feature for Robust and Effective Tracking

For robust and effective tracking, most efforts strive to design a powerful representation target model, while we are inspired by the idea of “knowing oneself and knowing others” to major in both the target and non-target features. In this work, we propose a unit correlation with interactive feature tracker (UCIF), which utilizes feature interaction and independent correlation operation to improve robustness and effectiveness. Specifically, we first propose a feature integration network, in which the feature enhancement module concentrates on enhancing the tracker's representation ability for both target and non-target. The feature interaction module is in charge of completing the interactive learning between target and non-target features. Then, considering the potential risk of blurring spatial information in regular correlation operation, a unit correlation network is presented, where the convolution sampling strategy can integrate the target features as well as reduce the computation costs. The unit kernel for correlation operation can protect the target spatial information. The channel ranking module suppresses background interference via weight assignment. Extensive experiments are conducted on both the short-term and long-term challenging benchmarks, including OTB2015, NFS, UAV123, TrackingNet, GOT-10 k, TLP, LaSOT and VOT-LT2019. Our tracker achieves remarkable performance in robustness and effectiveness.
Spatial variability in the flowpath of hillslope runoff and streamflow in a meso‐scale catchment

Recent studies have reported that not only water travelling through the soil layer but also emerging from fractured/weathered bedrock, contributes to hillslope runoff from steep wet hillslopes. Therefore, discharge is derived from a variety of hillslope sources. However, data are often lacking about how spatial variability in the water movement in bedrock on hillslopes affects hydrological behaviours in individual catchments because most previous studies have focused on single hillslopes in individual catchments. Therefore, we began by examining spatial variability in the bedrock groundwater contribution to hillslope runoff using a data set from Fudoji (central Japan), which has uniform bedrock geology, soil type and land use. We found that most hillslope runoff within the meso‐scale catchment (4·27 km2) was a mixture of water flowing through the soil layer (subsurface flow) and water emerging from bedrock (groundwater flow). The depths of water sources (flowpath) that contributed to hillslope runoff varied greatly, even though the catchment had uniform bedrock geology, soil type and land use. Furthermore, we examined how bedrock groundwater affected hydrological behaviour in the catchment and found that the streamflow of first‐ to sixth‐order streams were a mixture of water from the soil layer and bedrock groundwater, indicating that the end member of streamflow was the same as hillslope runoff in terms of the depth of flowpath. We also found that the mixing ratio of water from the soil layer and bedrock groundwater in first‐order streams exhibited a significant spatial variation, but that the mixing ratio in third‐ to sixth‐order streams did not. This indicates that depth of flowpath is a key component for describing hillslope and catchment hydrological responses. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synoptic climatology of major floods in the Negev Desert, Israel

This study examines the extent to which the floods in the Negev Desert, an area that constitutes the southern half of Israel, are not the outcome of purely local weather conditions but are, rather, the result of distinct synoptic‐scale events. This was done through compiling and analysing a hydro‐climatological database of all the major floods in the Negev, and then categorizing them manually into synoptic types that cause the major floods.