Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maternal body mass index in early pregnancy is associated with overweight and obesity in children up to 16 years of age

Aims Childhood obesity is an increasing public health problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between maternal body mass index in early pregnancy and body mass index in children up to the age of 16 years, and to estimate the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in a rural municipality in Sweden. Methods The study population comprised 312 pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinics in Lidköping during the year 1999 and their 319 children. Data on body mass index from antenatal clinics, child health care centres and school health care were used in linear and multinomial logistic regressions adjusted for maternal age, smoking status, and parity. Results Overweight or obesity were found in 23.0% of 16-year-olds. The correlation between maternal and child body mass index at all studied ages was positive and significant. Body mass index in 16-year-old boys showed the strongest correlation with maternal body mass index (adjusted r-square = 0.31). The adjusted relative-risk ratio for 16-year old children to be classified as obese as compared to normal weight, per 1 unit increase in maternal body mass index was 1.46 (95% confidence interval 1.29–1.65, p<0.001). Among adolescents with obesity, 37.6% had been overweight or obese at 4 years of age. Conclusions This study confirms the correlation between maternal and child body mass index and that obesity can be established early in childhood. Further, we showed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in children, especially in boys, in a Swedish rural municipality. This suggests a need for early intervention in the preventive work of childhood obesity, preferably starting at the antenatal clinic and in child health care centres.
Development of constructs to measure client satisfaction with pharmacy services in resource-limited settings. A multicenter cross-sectional study

Background Satisfaction with pharmacy services has many implications, including the degree of interaction with health care providers, the type and quality of service provided, and the extent to which needs and desires are met. This study aimed to identify the dimensions of pharmacy services and quantify client satisfaction with them. Methods A quantitative cross-sectional study was employed to guide this study. Data were entered into Epi Data, exported to SPSS 26.0, and analyzed using exploratory factor analysis to identify the underlying dimensions of pharmacy service. The study was conducted between 14th August 2020 and 28th December 2020. For standardization and comparison purposes, items loaded onto each dimension were computed and rescaled, and descriptive statistics were used to summarize the results. Stepwise linear regression was performed to quantify the contribution of each dimension to overall satisfaction and to identify determinant variables for overall satisfaction. A 95% CI, and a P-value of < 0.05 were used for the declaration of statistical significance. Results The mean overall satisfaction with pharmacy service was found to be (21.62±6.74)/30. There were eight dimensions of pharmacy service identified, and poor customer satisfaction was recorded for the premises and supply dimensions, with mean satisfaction of (12.08±8.49)/30 and (13.66±10.06)/30, respectively. The highest mean satisfaction was recorded with waiting time (24.24±6.54). Of the emergent dimensions, only four (supply, compassion and care, privacy, and premises) were predictors of overall satisfaction (P<0.05). The supply component was the strongest predictor of overall satisfaction, accounting for 20% of the variance in overall satisfaction. The number of prescribed and dispensed pharmaceuticals, marital status, and gender of participants also predicted overall satisfaction (P<0.05). Conclusion The survey uncovered eight underlying aspects of pharmacy services that influence client satisfaction. A significant gap was recorded with premises and supply chain-related components. These dimensions’ contributions to total satisfaction were substantial in terms of practical relevance. As a result, improving the availability of pharmaceuticals and the infrastructure surrounding pharmacy services may enhance consumer satisfaction considerably. Stakeholders must work on addressing supply related and premises difficulties to increase client satisfaction.
Development of a Novel IgG1 Anaphylaxis Mouse Model with Uniquely Characteristic Skin Manifestations Induced Through the FcγRIII-Histamine Pathway

ABSTRACT Background Studies of passive anaphylaxis, in which mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) and its antigens are administered to mice, believe that platelet-activating factor (PAF) is more important than histamine and that basophils or macrophages are primarily involved. However, the full extent of IgG-dependent anaphylaxis is still unclear; that is, little agreement has been reached about the mechanism. Methods First, we established the novel model of IgG1 anaphylaxis induced by the intravenous administration of two types of IgG1 and a fluorescent dye-labeled antigen, as IgG1 immune complex in HR-1 hairless mice. Subsequently, pharmacological analysis was used to investigate the underlying mechanisms of IgG1 anaphylaxis in this established model. Results The novel IgG1 anaphylaxis model can induce the IgG-induced Anaphylaxis-dependent Spotted Distribution of fluorescently labeled Immune complexes in the Skin, named “G-ASDIS”. Moreover, this model was triggered primarily by the FcγRIII-dependent histamine release, which is different from the conventional model in which PAF was involved in the development of IgG1 anaphylaxis. Basophils in the circulation and mast cells in the skin may participate in the development of IgG1 anaphylaxis and increased G-ASDIS. Conclusion Our results propose that the novel axis, namely the FcγRIII-basophils and/or mast cell-histamine pathway, is important for IgG1 anaphylaxis. Further analysis of our model in addition to other models will lead to a broader analysis and understanding of the IgG1 anaphylaxis mechanism.
Mapping of space–time patterns of infectious disease using spatial statistical models: a case study of COVID-19 in India

Abstract Introduction Mapping of infectious diseases like COVID-19 is the foremost importance for diseases control and prevention. This study attempts to identify the spatio-temporal pattern and evolution trend of COVID-19 at the district level in India using spatial statistical models. Materials and methods Active cases of eleven time-stamps (30 March–2 December, 2020) with an approximately 20-day interval are considered. The study reveals applications of spatial statistical tools, i.e. optimised hotspot and outlier analysis (which follow Gi* and Moran I statistics) and emerging hotspot with the base of space time cube, are effective for the spatio-temporal evolution of disease clusters. Results The result shows the overall increasing trend of COVID-19 infection with a Mann–Kendall trend score of 2.95 (p = 0.0031). The spatial clusters of high infection (hotspots) and low infection (coldspots) change their location over time but are limited to the districts of the south-western states (Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat) and the north-eastern states (West Bengal, Jharkhand, Assam, Tripura, Manipur, etc.) respectively. Conclusions A total of eight types of patterns are identified, but the most concerning types are consecutive (7.24% of districts), intensifying (15.13% districts) and persistent (24.34% of districts) which will help health policy makers and the government to prioritize-based resource allocation and control measures.
Experimental and numerical investigation of the influence of nozzle design on the industrial convection drying of thin films

Abstract Analytical simulation is a powerful tool for the optimization of the convective drying of continuous thin film coatings. Knowledge of the heat transfer coefficient is a prerequisite for applying such simulations. In this work, the heat transfer coefficient distributions in industrial dryers with oblique twin nozzles is investigated. Convergent nozzles show higher heat transfer than divergent nozzles. The results are used as boundary condition for a dryer simulation, which is in good agreement with experimental data. An alternative nozzle design, using a wider outlet area and a lower velocity is also investigated. A more homogeneous local Nusselt number is observed.
OXYGEN ABUNDANCES IN LOW- AND HIGH-α FIELD HALO STARS AND THE DISCOVERY OF TWO FIELD STARS BORN IN GLOBULAR CLUSTERS

Oxygen abundances of 67 dwarf stars in the metallicity range −1.6 < [Fe/H] < −0.4 are derived from a non-LTE analysis of the 777 nm O i triplet lines. These stars have precise atmospheric parameters measured by Nissen and Schuster, who find that they separate into three groups based on their kinematics and α-element (Mg, Si, Ca, Ti) abundances: thick disk, high-α halo, and low-α halo. We find the oxygen abundance trends of thick-disk and high-α halo stars very similar. The low-α stars show a larger star-to-star scatter in [O/Fe] at a given [Fe/H] and have systematically lower oxygen abundances compared to the other two groups. Thus, we find the behavior of oxygen abundances in these groups of stars similar to that of the α elements. We use previously published oxygen abundance data of disk and very metal-poor halo stars to present an overall view (−2.3 < [Fe/H] < +0.3) of oxygen abundance trends of stars in the solar neighborhood. Two field halo dwarf stars stand out in their O and Na abundances. Both G53-41 and G150-40 have very low oxygen and very high sodium abundances, which are key signatures of the abundance anomalies observed in globular cluster (GC) stars. Therefore, they are likely field halo stars born in GCs. If true, we estimate that at least 3% ± 2% of the local field metal-poor star population was born in GCs.
ACCURATE PARAMETERS OF THE OLDEST KNOWN ROCKY-EXOPLANET HOSTING SYSTEM: KEPLER-10 REVISITED

Since the discovery of Kepler-10, the system has received considerable interest because it contains a small, rocky planet which orbits the star in less than a day. The system's parameters, announced by the Kepler team and subsequently used in further research, were based on only five months of data. We have reanalyzed this system using the full span of 29 months of Kepler photometric data, and obtained improved information about its star and the planets. A detailed asteroseismic analysis of the extended time series provides a significant improvement on the stellar parameters: not only can we state that Kepler-10 is the oldest known rocky-planet-harboring system at 10.41 ± 1.36 Gyr, but these parameters combined with improved planetary parameters from new transit fits gives us the radius of Kepler-10b to within just 125 km. A new analysis of the full planetary phase curve leads to new estimates on the planetary temperature and albedo, which remain degenerate in the Kepler band. Our modeling suggests that the flux level during the occultation is slightly lower than at the transit wings, which would imply that the nightside of this planet has a non-negligible temperature.
Molecular Phylogenetic Characterization of Anguina Tritici (Steinbuch, 1799) Filipjev, 1936 (Rhabditida: Anguinidae) on Barley from Iraq

Abstract During a nematological survey in Iraq, in the Bashika area, Ninevah province, an anguinid nematode population was isolated from galls of infected barley plants. The morphological characteristics indicated that the recovered species is identical to Anguina tritici. The barley population of A. tritici was molecularly characterized by sequencing two ribosomal regions (ITS and 18S rRNA genes), and their phylogenetic analyses revealed the newly generated sequences are in sister relation to corresponding sequences of A. tritici from wheat in the Bayesian tree, providing further evidence that the host plant can contribute to the separation of new isolates of plant parasitic nematodes.
Characterisation of ORF3, M, N and E Gene Sequences of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus from Domestic Pigs in Poland

Abstract Introduction Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) is an enteric pathogen causing porcine epidemic diarrhoea and acute gastroenteritis in pigs of all ages. Previous analysis of the viral genome of PEDV in Poland was only based on the spike protein (S) gene sequences and no analysis of other genes has been performed. The aim of this study was to analyse the envelope (E), membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N) protein and open reading frame 3 (ORF3) gene sequences. Material and Methods Viral RNA from 18 Polish pig faecal samples that were quantitative reverse transcription PCR-positive for PEDV was analysed in four genomic regions (E, M, N and ORF3). Results Phylogenetic analysis based on these regions’ sequences revealed that Polish PEDV isolates were highly related and were clustered into group G2a across the four genes compared. Moreover, the Polish strains were located in distinct subclusters on the phylogenetic trees, which suggests the presence of at least three independently evolving PEDV genetic lines circulating in Poland. The occurrence of unique mutations in the sequences of Polish PEDV strains suggests that PEDV continues to undergo evolutionary processes, accumulating the mutations necessary for viral fitness in its natural hosts. The Polish PEDV strains differed genetically from the CV777 vaccine strain, suggesting the risk of relatively low vaccine efficacy if this strain is used. Conclusion Our results promote a better understanding of the genetic diversity of PEDV field isolates in Poland and highlight the importance of molecular characterisation of PEDV field strains for the development of an effective vaccine against PEDV.
The Tumultuous Formation of the Hubble Sequence at z > 1 Examined with HST/WFC3 Observations of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field

We examine in this paper a stellar mass selected sample of galaxies at 1 1. By using a locally defined definition of disk and elliptical galaxies based on structure and spectral-type, we find no true ellipticals at z > 2, and a fraction of 3.2+/-2.3% at 1.5 10^{10} M_sol, consistent with previous results from ACS and NICMOS. We compare our results to semi-analytical model results and find a relatively good agreement between our morphological break-down and the predictions. Finally, we argue that the peculiars, ellipticals and peculiar ellipticals have similar properties, suggesting similar formation modes, likely driven by major mergers.
DIFFERENTIAL MORPHOLOGY BETWEEN REST-FRAME OPTICAL AND ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION FROM 1.5 < z < 3 STAR-FORMING GALAXIES

We present the results of a comparative study of the rest-frame optical and rest-frame ultraviolet morphological properties of 117 star-forming galaxies (SFGs), including BX, BzK, and Lyman break galaxies with B < 24.5, and 15 passive galaxies in the region covered by the Wide Field Camera 3 Early Release Science program. Using the internal color dispersion (ICD) diagnostic, we find that the morphological differences between the rest-frame optical and rest-frame UV light distributions in 1.4 SFGs < z < 2.9 SFGs are typically small (ICD ∼0.02). However, the majority are non-zero (56% at >3σ) and larger than we find in passive galaxies at 1.4 < z < 2, for which the weighted mean ICD is 0.013. The lack of morphological variation between individual rest-frame ultraviolet bandpasses in z ∼ 3.2 galaxies argues against large ICDs being caused by non-uniform dust distributions. Furthermore, the absence of a correlation between ICD and galaxy UV–optical color suggests that the non-zero ICDs in SFGs are produced by spatially distinct stellar populations with different ages. The SFGs with the largest ICDs (≳0.05) generally have complex morphologies that are both extended and asymmetric, suggesting that they are mergers-in-progress or very large galaxies in the act of formation. We also find a correlation between half-light radius and ICD, a fact that is not reflected by the difference in half-light radii between bandpasses. In general, we find that it is better to use diagnostics like the ICD to measure the morphological properties of the difference image than it is to measure the difference in morphological properties between bandpasses.
Empirical Investigation to Assess the Impact of ICT Deployment in SCM Using SEM

The adoption of Information & Communication Technology (ICT) is becoming increasingly ubiquitous and it is prominent in Supply Chain too. The objective of this paper is to perform an empirical investigation to assess the impact of ICT in Supply Chain Management (SCM) using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). A Survey questionnaire was administered and collected from 200+ SCM professionals in sectors such as manufacturing, services, MSMEs, international companies as well as SCM/ERP professionals working as domain experts in IT and service companies. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to validate the suggested empirical model & hypothesis based on the impact of ICT deployment on SCOR Level I metrics/indicators as constructs. This research appends to the literature on supply chain performance measures and addresses a recognized gap in terms of rubrics, constructs, assessment frameworks and metrics of these ICT benefits and capabilities in SCM. This framework can be used by any enterprise irrespective of the geography or country, vertical or domain, manufacturing or services.
A modified Z‐source switched‐capacitor based non‐isolated high gain DC‐DC converter for photovoltaic applications

This work proposes a modified high gain DC‐DC converter integrated with two boost converter stages, based on a boost cell and a Z‐source (ZS) cell with a switched capacitor (SC). The proposed converter architecture is simple, with a continuous input current and a wide range of input voltage fluctuation handling capabilities. It also provides a high voltage gain while minimizing voltage stress on semiconductor components. Because of the aforementioned characteristics, the proposed converter is suitable for combining with low‐voltage DC‐sources to high‐voltage DC bus in a variety of applications such as solar photovoltaic (SPV), fuel‐cell, and LED lighting. The operational principles, thermal modeling, steady‐state, and dynamic performance analysis are meticulously carried out on a 400 W laboratory prototype of the proposed converter. The converter's performance is carefully compared with similar existing topologies in terms of total device count and size, the voltage stress on power semiconductors, voltage gain, and peak efficiency. Furthermore, experimental findings show that a 12 V input is boosted to 98.8 V at a duty ratio of 0.3, demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed converter over a comparable structure.
IONIZATION IN ATMOSPHERES OF BROWN DWARFS AND EXTRASOLAR PLANETS. IV. THE EFFECT OF COSMIC RAYS

Cosmic rays provide an important source for free electrons in Earth's atmosphere and also in dense interstellar regions where they produce a prevailing background ionization. We utilize a Monte Carlo cosmic ray transport model for particle energies of 106 eV <E < 109 eV, and an analytic cosmic ray transport model for particle energies of 109 eV <E < 1012 eV in order to investigate the cosmic ray enhancement of free electrons in substellar atmospheres of free-floating objects. The cosmic ray calculations are applied to Drift-Phoenix model atmospheres of an example brown dwarf with effective temperature Teff = 1500 K, and two example giant gas planets (Teff = 1000 K, 1500 K). For the model brown dwarf atmosphere, the electron fraction is enhanced significantly by cosmic rays when the pressure pgas < 10−2 bar. Our example giant gas planet atmosphere suggests that the cosmic ray enhancement extends to 10−4–10−2 bar, depending on the effective temperature. For the model atmosphere of the example giant gas planet considered here (Teff = 1000 K), cosmic rays bring the degree of ionization to fe ≳ 10−8 when pgas < 10−8 bar, suggesting that this part of the atmosphere may behave as a weakly ionized plasma. Although cosmic rays enhance the degree of ionization by over three orders of magnitude in the upper atmosphere, the effect is not likely to be significant enough for sustained coupling of the magnetic field to the gas.
Buoyancy Instabilities in Weakly Magnetized Low-Collisionality Plasmas

I calculate the linear stability of a stratified low-collisionality plasma in the presence of a weak magnetic field. Heat is assumed to flow only along magnetic field lines. In the absence of a heat flux in the background plasma, Balbus demonstrated that plasmas in which the temperature increases in the direction of gravity are buoyantly unstable to convective-like motions (the “magnetothermal instability”). I show that in the presence of a background heat flux, an analogous instability is present when the temperature decreases in the direction of gravity. The instability is driven by the background heat flux, and the fastest growing mode has a growth time of order the local dynamical time. Thus, independent of the sign of the temperature gradient, weakly magnetized low-collisionality plasmas are unstable on a dynamical time to magnetically mediated buoyancy instabilities. The instability described in this paper is predicted to be present in clusters of galaxies at radii ~0.1-100 kpc, where the observed temperature increases outward. Possible consequences for the origin of cluster magnetic fields, “cooling flows,” and the thermodynamics of the intercluster medium are briefly discussed.
Whole-brain multivariate hemodynamic deconvolution for multi-echo fMRI with stability selection

Conventionally, analysis of functional MRI (fMRI) data relies on available information about the experimental paradigm to establish hypothesized models of brain activity. However, this information can be inaccurate, incomplete or unavailable in multiple scenarios such as resting-state, naturalistic paradigms or clinical conditions. In these cases, blind estimates of neuronal-related activity can be obtained with paradigm-free analysis methods such as hemodynamic deconvolution. Yet, current formulations of the hemodynamic deconvolution problem have three important limitations: 1) their efficacy strongly depends on the appropriate selection of regularization parameters, 2) being univariate, they do not take advantage of the information present across the brain, and 3) they do not provide any measure of statistical certainty associated with each detected event. Here we propose a novel approach that addresses all these limitations. Specifically, we introduce MvME-SPFM (multivariate multi-echo sparse paradigm free mapping), a novel hemodynamic deconvolution algorithm that operates at the whole brain level and adds spatial information via a mixed-norm regularization term over all voxels. Additionally, MvME-SPFM employs a stability selection procedure that removes the need to select regularization parameters and also lets us obtain an estimate of the true probability of having a neuronal-related BOLD event at each voxel and time-point based on the area under the curve (AUC) of the stability paths. Besides, the formulation is tailored for multi-echo fMRI acquisitions, which allows us to better isolate fluctuations of BOLD origin on the basis of their linear dependence with Echo Time (TE) and to assign physiologically interpretable units (i.e., changes in the apparent transverse relaxation ) to the resulting deconvolved events. We demonstrate that this algorithm outperforms existing state-of-the-art deconvolution approaches, and shows higher spatial and temporal agreement with the activation maps and BOLD signals obtained with a standard model-based linear regression approach, even at the level of individual neuronal events. Consequently, the proposed algorithm provides more reliable estimates of neuronal-related activity, here in terms of , for the study of the dynamics of brain activity when no information about the timings of the BOLD events is available. This algorithm will be made publicly available as part of the splora Python package.