Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Troponin T level in children with acute chest diseases and respiratory distress

Background Respiratory distress owing to pulmonary causes is the most common cause of visits to the pediatric emergency departments. Cardiac complications are reported to occur in acute respiratory tract diseases such as myocarditis, pericarditis, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and arrhythmia. Serum troponin T is a cardiospecific and sensitive biomarker with a diagnostic and prognostic significance for myocardial damage. Objective The aim was to detect cardiac affection using troponin T in children with acute chest diseases and correlate it with Pediatric Respiratory Severity Score (PRESS). Patients and methods A case–control study was conducted, including 150 children with respiratory distress selected from the emergency department (6 month to 12 years of age) and 100 (age and sex matched) controls. Respiratory distress severity was clinically assessed using PRESS. Cardiac troponin T levels were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared with controls. Troponin T levels were correlated with PRESS. Results Mean troponin T serum levels had significantly higher levels in children with respiratory distress compared with controls (mean value 0.02468±0.01310 and 0.02171±0.00663 ng/ml, respectively). It correlated positively with PRESS score, especially in patients with pneumonia. Conclusion Serum troponin T level correlates with PRESS, and cardiac injury can worsen respiratory distress in children with acute chest diseases, especially in pneumonia.
The Burrowing Activities of Certain Crabs and Their Geologic Significance

On the sandy and muddy beaches bordering the northwestern part of Taiwan (Formosa) there are great numbers of active crabs. Certain of these have the habit of burrowing deeply, the most common burrowers being Ocypoda ceratophthalma Fabricius and Ilyoplax formosensis Rathbun. Interested by their activities, I made plaster-of-Paris (gypsum) casts of some burrows at Tansui, a bathing place near Taihoku, the metropolis of Taiwan. Fortunately, the effort was successful, and I obtained a number of models of the burrows though many were incomplete. Most of these closely resemble the "sandstone pipes" commonly found in certain Tertiary sandstones of Taiwan (Plate 1, Fig. 2; Plate 2, Fig. 5). Most of these are not properly pipes; they are irregularly crooked rods measuring up to a few scores of centimeters in length and one to a few centimeters in diameter. Some stand almost perpendicular to the planes of stratification, but others are variably inclined. Some of them branch. My conclusion was that such sandstone rods would be produced if crab burrows were filled with sediment and the beach sand itself were converted into a hard sandstone. This was suggested by observations at the beach south of the city of Shintiku, southwest of Taihoku, where part of the youngest Tertiary sandstone of the island is exposed along the beach. This sandstone
The Boletoideae of Florida with Notes on Extralimital Species III.

The Boletoideae are the central group of the Boletaceae, the most typical representatives ofwhat we commonly call boletes. In general appearance, they resemble most closely Boletus edulis Bull. ex. Fr. , the type of the genus Boletus which in its turn is the nomenclatoral type of the family Boletaceae and the subfamily Boletoideae. The preceding papers on the Boletineae of Florida dealt with the less typical "boletes," i.e., forms that are aberrant in important characters either of the spores and hymenium (Strobilomycetaceae), or in having clamped hyphal septa (Gyrodontoideae), or forms belonging to that characteristic type of obligatory symbionts of conifers (Suilloideae), or to a group with atypical tramal structure. The Boletoideae are, as far as the number of species is concerned, by far the largest subfamily of the Boletaceae in Florida. This is in striking contrast with such boreal regions as most of Canada, the northern part of the Rocky Mountains, or Siberia where the Suilloideae undoubtedly maintain the first place in abundance and in importance. On the other hand, the genus Boletus and allied genera are supposed to be rare in tropical regions. Actually there seems to be a belt reaching from New Jersey south to North Florida where the number of boletoid species is unusually high, only to diminsh both southward and northward without, however, disappearing wholly in either the tropical or in the boreal zone. The number of species is much higher in this continent than in Europe. Florida alone has 39 species of Boletoideae, not counting the species which are imperfectly known, and omitting the subspecies and varieties. As for the determination of the genera (Phlebopus, Pulveroboletus, Boletus, Xanthoconium, Tylopilus, Leccinum) the reader is referred to the keys in part 112 of Boletineae of Florida (Farlowia 2:225-230. 1945).
Assessment of physicochemical diversity in fruit of Mauritanian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars

Date palm is an important food and economical crop in Mauritania. Date palm cultivars show great diversity in fruit morphological characteristics in the ‘Adrar’ region of Mauritania. Fruits of twenty-eight date palm cultivars were collected at Tamar stage, from three different oasis of the ‘Adrar’ region in 2010 and 2011 and their physical and chemical diversity was assessed by using different data analysis techniques. Analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences between cultivars for the 13 examined characters indicating the high diversity in the physicochemical properties of their fruit. Duncan’s multiple range test allowed clustering of cultivars into different groups depending on the parameters. Principal component analysis and cluster dendrogram performed on the basis of studied parameters showed a distribution of date palm cultivars independently of their oasis origin and a continuous variation in their fruit physical and chemical traits. Date varieties under ‘Ahmar’ denomination showed diverse fruit properties. Characters that can discriminate the best cultivars were fruit water content, reducing sugars, total sugars, non-reducing sugars, ashes, calcium and magnesium contents. Results also give evidence of the existence of common date varieties such as ‘Sekanni’, ‘Bou seker’, ‘Sembahmoud’, ‘Tenwazidi’ and ‘Sel medina’ with fruit properties matching or even higher than the elite cultivar ‘Ahmar’. The possible use of date palm fruits characteristics either in the description of local date palm germplasm or the valorisation of common date varieties are discussed. Key words: Date palm, fruit, Tamar stage, variability, chemical composition, Adrar.
Awareness of, Beliefs about, Practices of, and Barriers to Teledentistry among Dental Students and the Implications for Saudi Arabia Vision 2030 and Coronavirus Pandemic

Objectives: Saudi Arabia launched multiple initiatives to overcome the problem of health-care access. The recent coronavirus pandemic created urgent demand to deal with the problem using nonconventional venues such as telehealth and teledentistry. This study aimed to investigate teledentistry knowledge, attitudes, and practices, and barriers to its use among dental students and teaching staff in Makkah province, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A total of 314 dental students participated in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected using a validated self-reported questionnaire to measure teledentistry awareness, attitude, practices, and barriers to teledentistry. The study was approved by Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia. Results: Only 17.2% were aware of the term “teledentistry. ” However, after it was explained, participants were able to correctly answer 25.16%–62.42% of items about teledentistry. A total of 67.83% would practice teledentistry, and 70.7% support using teledentistry on a national scale for Vision 2030. Only 25.16% used teledentistry before, but 56.05% did dental consultations via smartphone. The most common barriers were patient satisfaction requiring a dentist’s physical presence, violation of patient privacy, and low levels of population education. Conclusion: Dental students seem to know little about teledentistry. However, they are open to learning and using it. It is encouraged to include the topic in continuing dental education, including how to use it during health disasters such as the coronavirus pandemic.
Cold Tolerance in Rice Plants with Special Reference to the Floral Characters : II. Relations between Floral Characters and the Degree of Cold Tolerance in Segregating Generations

Relations between fioral characters and the degree of cold tolerance were studied in segregating generations of the hybrid between the varieties, Kinmaze and Somewake. A cold sensitive variety Kinmaze has short anthers and short stigmas. On the contrary, an extremely cold tolerant Japanese local variety Somewake has long anthers and long stigmas. The following two methods were adopted in this experiment ; ( 1 ) Anther and stigma lengths of F2 plants were measured at the heading time. To estimate the degree of cold tolerance, Iow temperature treatment (17°C day, 12°C night) was conducted on the suc-ceeding F3 Iines for five days at the meiotic stage using phytotron. ( 2 ) Genetically identical varieties were obtained by dividing F2 seedlings into three plants with a razor at the early tillering stage. As shown in Fig. 1, one of them was grown under natural conditions as a control, another one was placed under low temperature L0r five days at the meiotic stage and the third one was fixed in F.A. A. for measurement of fioral characters at the heading. Prior to analysis, seed sterility percentages (degree of cold tolerance) were transformed to angles as follows : sterility index=arcsiri√(percent of sterility), Characters recorded in each method were statistically analyzed. In method ( 1 ) anther length in F2 negatively correlated with sterility index (Fig. 2). In method (2) both lengths of anther and stigma negatively correlated with sterility index (Fig.5 and Fig.6). Moreover there were significant correlations between the product of anther and stigma lengths and sterility index in both methods (Fig.4 and Fig.7). The multiple regression analysis based on I84 observations in F2 yielded the following equation :y = 122. 944- 17. 462 x1 -45. 877 x2 where x1 : anther length, x2 : stigma length, y : steruty index. By uslng the above multiple regression equation, contribution was calculated (R2=0. 3449). It was sugested from these results that the plants with long anthers and/or long stigmas were cold tolerant and these floral characters could be useful as the selection criteria in the process of rice breeding aimed for cold tolerant varieties.
Clinical and Microbiological Profiles of Aggressive and Chronic Periodontitis in Congolese Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Chronic and aggressive periodontitis were the main forms of periodontitis according to the 1999 classification of periodontal diseases and conditions. Their profile in Congolese patients is still undescribed. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the profile of chronic periodontitis (ChP) with that of aggressive periodontitis (AgP) in Congolese patients. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two patients with ChP and 20 with AgP who consulted the dental services at any of the four medical centers in Kinshasa, from April 2017 to April 2018, were enrolled in the cross-sectional study. All patients underwent a full mouth examination, including assessment of the probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level at six sites per tooth. Microbial samples were collected in the deepest pocket in the maxilla and the deepest pocket in the mandible. A deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis was performed using DNA strip technology. Fisher exact test, the chi-square test, the t test, and the Mann–Whitney test were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Patients with AgP were significantly younger than those with ChP (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, or Prevotella intermedia between the AgP and ChP groups (P > 0.05). Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was detected in 10% of cases in the AgP group and in none of those in the ChP group (P = 0.143). Conclusion: This study shows that the clinical profiles of ChP and AgP are similar in Congolese patients. There were no microbiological differences between these two forms of periodontitis.
Assessment of Structural Changes in Translucency and Opacity of Tooth Enamel against a Direct Demineralization Process: An In Vitro Study

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess in vitro the structural changes in translucency and opacity of tooth enamel following a direct demineralization process. Materials and Methods: This experimental in vitro study evaluated 45 thirds (cervical, middle, and occlusal) of the tooth enamel surface of premolar teeth extracted from young adults divided into three groups of 15 specimens each: Group 1 (solution based on calcium, phosphorus, and fluorine), Group 2 (orthophosphoric acid 37%), and control group (distilled water). All underwent optical macroscopic examination with ×3 magnification to determine the initial translucency according to the variation of the medium in their intercrystalline spaces, and Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index was used. The experimental groups were then subjected to an artificial caries process during which the specimens were placed in an inorganic and organic solution of calcium, phosphorus, and fluorine at 37°C for 90 days with the acidic solution at pH 5 and the neutral solution at pH 7. The control specimens were placed in distilled water. Finally, all the specimens were assessed by polarization microscopy. Results: In relation to the occlusal third, the highest proportion in Groups 1 and 2 was in Grades 2 and 3 (80%). A significant association was only observed between the experimental groups in the degree of translucency in the occlusal third (P = 0.002), whereas no association was found in relation to the degree of opacity in the middle and cervical thirds in either study group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The resistance of enamel hydroxyapatite crystals increases from occlusal to cervical due to the greater presence of aprismatic enamel in the cervical horizontal third.
Assessment of Oral Health-related Quality of Life among Expatriate Working Population, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: The expatriate workers (foreign workers) come from various countries having different languages, cultures, and tradition to work in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA); here they adopt to local customs, traditions, and work ethics in this new environment. How they perceive their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is important for health-care provider for understanding and planning in patient management. The data of expat workers and their OHRQoL in KSA are meager; hence, assessment of OHRQoL among expatriate working population in Al Zulfi, Saudi Arabia was planned. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on adult expat working population of various nationalities who were working in Al Zulfi, KSA. The study sample comprised 600 adult expats. OHRQoL was analyzed by using 14-Item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire as instrument. Clinical examination for oral health status was carried out using decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and Oral Hygiene Index simplified (OHI-S). Student’s t test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare data using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software program, version 20.0 with significance at P ≤ 0.05. Results: The age of the sample population ranged from 19 to 60 years. No significant difference was observed in oral health status among expats of different nationalities. Age and education were significantly related to OHRQoL as well as oral health status. The mean cumulative scores of OHIP-14 showed that expats from different nationalities had statistically significant differences. Conclusion: Overall the impact of OHRQoL was less among working expat population in Al Zulfi. Physical pain was the common dimension seen among all nationalities. Psychological discomfort and handicap dimensions of OHIP-14 were significant among the study sample.
Distributed State Estimation for Dynamic Positioning Systems with Uncertain Disturbances and Transmission Time Delays

The dynamic positioning system of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) is a complex and large-scale system mainly due to the nonlinear dynamics, uncertainty in model parameters, and external disturbances. With the aid of the bio-inspired computing (BIC) method, the designed three-dimensional (3D) spatial positioning system is used for enlarging communication constraints and increasing signal coordination processing. With the growing of measurement scales, the issue of the networked high-precision positioning has been developed rapidly. Then, an information fusion estimation approach is presented for the distributed networked systems with data random transmission time delays and lost and disordered packets. To reduce the communication burden, an adaptive signal selection scheme is employed to reorganize the measurement sequence, and the parameter uncertainties as well as cross-correlated noise are used to describe the uncertain disturbances. Moreover, a reoptimal weighted fusion state estimation is designed to alleviate the information redundancy and maintain higher measurement accuracy. An illustrative example obtained from the 3D spatial positioning system is given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Learning and Social Networks - Similarities, Differences and Impact

Previous work in learning analytics have been fruitful in shedding lights on collaborative learning environments, such work has provided insights and recommendations that helped improve the collaborative process in computer-mediated learning environments. Given the importance of social interactions and their influence on learning (e.g., in determining academic growth, perseverance in the course and persistence). In this study, we look at both learning and social networks, what factors they share, how they impact or influence learning, and what influences the formation of these networks. Our results show similarities and differences between both networks such as: interactions in the social network predict those in the learning network, however, only centrality measures in the learning network correlate with performance, probably due to the selective nature of replies and interactions in the learning network.
The Efficacy of Resin Infiltrant and Casein Phosphopeptide–amorphous Calcium Fluoride Phosphate in Treatment of White Spot Lesions (Comparative Study)

Background: White spot lesions (WSLs) are considered as the first sign of the progression of dental caries that can be reversed. Casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACFP) varnish can promote remineralization process of the demineralized tooth structure. Also, WSLs can be managed by using caries infiltrant (ICON), which infiltrates etched enamel surface of the WSLs. Objectives: The main aim was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of ICON versus CPP-ACFP varnish to treat WSLs in the same oral environments. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 participants aged 20–40 years with at least two WSLs have participated in this trial. Split-mouth technique has been used in this trial where WSLs on the left side have been treated with ICON, whereas WSLs on the right side have been treated with CPP-ACFP varnish. Clinical evaluation using DIAGNOdent was carried out at baseline, 1 week, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after application to determine the effectiveness of these materials in treating WSLs. Results: Significant differences were observed between all follow-up DIAGNOdent scores compared to baseline readings of both ICON and CPP-ACFP (P = 0.000 for all comparisons). Statistically significant differences were observed between DIAGNOdent scores of ICON compared to CPP-ACFP at all follow-up intervals (P = 0.006, 0.008, 0.045, 0.036, and 0.000). Conclusion: Both ICON and CPP-ACFP were effective in the treatment of WSLs of smooth surfaces but the efficacy of CPP-ACFP was better than ICON.
Run Java Applications and Test Them In-Vivo Meantime

The outcome of test case execution depends on the state of the object under test. While testers can carefully choose meaningful and representative object states for test execution, it is unaffordable to cover the combinatorial space of possible object states exhaustively. An appealing option is to delegate part of the testing activities to the runtime and to execute test cases in the field whenever a new or uncommon state is observed. We have designed and developed Groucho, a framework for in-vivo testing of Java applications. Among the challenges that we faced, the most important ones are isolation of the test session from the user session and minimal performance overhead. Experimental results show that if the activation probability is kept reasonably small (e.g., $10 ^{- {4}}$), the impact of the framework is imperceptible(i.e., either statistically insignificant or with a negligible effect size).
Optimizing Mutation Testing by Discovering Dynamic Mutant Subsumption Relations

One recent promising direction on reducing costs of mutation analysis is to identify redundant mutations, i.e., mutations that are subsumed by some other mutations. Previous works found out redundant mutants manually through the truth table. Although the idea is promising, it can only be applied for logical and relational operators. In this paper, we propose an approach to discover redundancy in mutations through dynamic subsumption relations among mutants. We focus on subsumption relations among mutations of an expression or statement, named here as “mutation target:” By focusing on targets and relying on automatic test generation tools, we define subsumption relations for dozens of mutation targets in which the MUJAVA tool can apply mutations. We then implemented these relations in a tool, named MUJAVA-M, that generates a reduced set of mutants for each target, avoiding redundant mutants. We evaluated MUJAVA and MUJAVA-M using classes of five open-source projects. As results, we analyze 2,341 occurrences of 32 mutation targets in 168 classes. MUJAVA-M generates less mutants (on average 64.43% less) with 100% of effectiveness in 20 out of 32 targets and more than 95% in 29 out of 32 mutation targets. MUJAVA- M also reduced the time to execute the test suites against the mutants in 52.53% on average, considering the full mutation analysis process.
Retaining and Regaining Esthetics in the Anterior Maxillary Region Using the Socket-Shield Technique

With the advancement in the implant in dentistry, improvement in the implant designs and placement protocol has enhanced the esthetics outcomes in the anterior zone. Yet the preservation of the peri-implant soft tissue and providing an appropriate emergence profile to the implant crown prosthesis, the tissue grafting procedures are necessary to overcome the ridge contour change. However through the socket-shield technique, the bone resorption process is preserved, and the contour of the buccal gingiva is maintained, thereby preventing its collapse and achieving good aesthetic results. This case report describes the placement of an implant in the upper anterior region and rehabilitation with a cement-retained crown prosthesis using the socket-shield technique and the patient being followed up for 6 months with good results.