Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theory of mind development and executive functioning in elementary school children

Theory of Mind Development and Executive Functioning in Elementary School Children By Dana Futoran The following study explored the role of verbal ability and executive functioning in theory of mind understanding in elementary school children. Scores on measures of language comprehension, verbal ability (sentence memory, and forward digit span), matrix completion, executive functioning (backward digit span), and second-order theory of mind tasks were obtained. Partial correlations of the measures controlling for age revealed verbal ability to be significantly correlated with theory of mind comprehension. A regression analysis demonstrated that auditory language comprehension was the only variable, in addition to age, that explained unique variance in performance on a recursive thinking task. Possible explanations are explored and future directions are recommended.
What is "Good"Technical Communication? A Comparison of the Standards of Writing and Engineering Instructors

This article presents the results of an empirical study comparing writing and engineering instructors' responses to students' technical writing. The study, which identifies a repertoire of 21 categories of response, indicates that the gap between engineering and writing teachers' standards for evaluating technical writing is not as wide as is generally assumed. The differences that do emerge suggest ways that the teachers can learn from each other.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES RELATIONSHIP LENDING AND THE GREAT DEPRESSION

The collapse of long-term lending relationships amplified the Great Depression and perturbed recovery. We demonstrate this by developing a new measure of lending relationships that can be calculated from widely available data at any level of aggregation. Our approach exploits differences in the responsiveness of loan rates to bank funding costs and is supported by historical evidence and theoretical arguments. The new measure reveals that bank suspensions’ marginal impact on economic activity in the early 1930s was higher in more relationship-intensive areas. Furthermore, the rebuilding of destroyed relationships helps explain regional variation in economic performance during the 1937-38 recession. Jon Cohen Department of Economics University of Toronto Max Gluskin House 150 St. George Street, 322 Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G7 Canada jon.cohen@utoronto.ca Kinda Cheryl Hachem University of Chicago Booth School of Business 5807 South Woodlawn Avenue Chicago, IL 60637 and NBER kinda.hachem@chicagobooth.edu Gary Richardson Department of Economics University of California, Irvine 3155 Social Sciences Plaza Irvine, CA 92697-5100 and NBER garyr@uci.edu
Fuelling the (party) machine: The political origins of the Greek debt during Metapolitefsi

After the establishment of the Third Hellenic Republic in 1974 (Metapolitefsi), government debt starts to rise in an accelerating pace. The aim of this study is to assess empirically the hypothesis of political distortions behind the fiscal derailment of this period that has been hunting the Greek economy ever since. To this end, we focus our attention on the markedly expanded fiscal account of intergovernmental transfers to prefectures and municipalities. Building on a novel dataset of expenses to prefectures and subsidies to municipalities between 1974-1993, we employ a Difference-in-Differences framework and a Regression Discontinuity Design, respectively. Our analysis suggests that governing parties diverted intergovernmental transfers towards their political strongholds and politically aligned mayors. We argue that this result stems from the organizational structure of the main political parties that emerged in the new era of Metapolitefsi. In particular, these parties built successful clientelistic networks with hundreds of thousands of members at the local level. On this basis, prefectural authorities and politically aligned mayors became the major intermediaries to target benefits and strengthen the local organizational capacity of the governing parties’ machines. JEL classification: H1; H4; D7
Islamic banks. The increase in the number is not based on strong regulations. This increase was accompanied by moral hazard by private banks as well as the implementation of a financial liberalization system which resulted in a banking crisis

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the competition’s level, the level of credit growth on financial system stability. The method in this study is panel data regression with three approaches, namely common effect, fixed effect and random effect. The data used is monthly time series data starting from June 2015 to June 2018 and cross section data from all types of commercial banks covering four types of banks based on the distribution of BUKU (Business Commercial Banks). The data obtained from the official website of Bank Indonesia, the Financial Services Authority, the internet and other references sourced from literature, literature studies, scientific journals, supporting books and various other sources related to research. The results of this study indicate that the Fixed Effect Model is the best model for further estimation based on the results of the Chow test and Hausman test. These results also explain that the Bank's Competition Level has a positive effetc but not significant on bank stability. Meanwhile, credit growth has a negative impact and significant on bank stability, and profit sharing financing has a positive impact and significant on bank stability.
Assessment of the effect of adding oral Phytoestrogen to clomiphene citrate during ovulation induction in women with unexplained infertility on the endometrial thickness

Background: Owing to the psychological pressure on the couple to conceive, patients with unexplained infertility usually find themselves after repeated failure of induction cycles on the verge of an artificial reproductive techniques (ART) trial. Clomiphene citrate (CC) has been widely used to stimulate follicular growth in the treatment of infertility. CC has an antiestrogenic effect on the hypothalamus by binding to estrogen receptors. Phytoestrogens have been successfully added to the follicular phase of CC induction cycles managed by timed intercourse or intrauterine insemination. The aim of this study was increasing the incidence rate of pregnancy and this aim can be achieved through assessment of the effect of adding oral Phytoestrogen to clomiphene citrate during ovulation induction in women with unexplained infertility on the endometrial thickness which has an impact on pregnancy rate. Methods: This study included 56 infertile patients seeking for pregnancy and were supposed to undergo clomiphene citrate induction of ovulation, triggered by HCG injection and timed intercourse then they were divided into two groups. Clomiphene is given orally at dose, one tablet twice per day (tablet 50 mg), from day 3 to day 7 for all patients (group I and group II),while phytoestrogens are given at dose, two tablets one shote per day (tablet 20mg), from day 1 to day 12 only for group I, followed by HCG injection on attaining mature follicle(s) by trans-vaginal US scan with diamter ≥ 18 mm in both group. Results: The number of days till HCG injection were significantly lower in group I (13.8± 1.8) days than group II (14.9±2.1 days) which indicate better ovulation. As for the endometrial thickness, it was significantly higher in group I than group II. The number of ovulatory follicle(s) as single, two or three showed no significant difference between the studied groups. There was statistically significant difference between the two studied groups in total pregnancies with (46.4%) of the phytoestrogen plus clomophine citrate group had pregnancies divided into (39.3%) had clinical pregnancies at 6 weeks, (3.6%) had miscarriage and (3.6%) had biochemical pregnancies while in clomophine citrate group only (32.1%) had pregnancies divided into (17.8 %) had clinical pregnancies at 6 weeks, (10.7%) had miscarriage and (3.6%) had biochemical pregnancies. Conclusion: Phytoestrogens administered have the ability to decrease the adverse effects of CC on endometrial thickness. Adding phytoestrogens to CC as an alternative to estradiol in women with unexplained infertility have increased number of dominant follicles and improved endometrial thickness and pattern with improvement of both ovulation and pregnancy rates. phytoestrogen it is a good option for infertility patients seeking for pregnancy treatment with affordable price and minimal side Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3) ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X 29765 www.turkjphysiotherrehabil. org effects.
La question de la production d'armatures sur le site gravettien de Plasenn-al-Lomm (Ile de Bréhat, Côtes d'Armor)

The industry of Plasenn-al-Lomm (a site that probably belongs to the Upper Perigordian) is defined by an abundance of burins. These burins show various methods of resharpening and contain some intermediate pieces between tools and cores. Despite a lack of backed-bladelet, a localised bladelet production exits and goes with a very significant deficit in burin-spalls. These facts are suggesting the assumption that a backed-bladelet production did exist, but has left only few traces. The blanks used for this production should have been bladelet as well as some burin-spalls from specific burins, which are designed as cores and not as tools.
Performance of the Reported and Intended Behavior Scale among Colombian Adolescents

Objective: To establish the Reported and Intended Behavior Scale (RIBS) psychometric performance, a mental disorder-related stigma measurement, among Colombian adolescents. Methods: A validation study was carried out with 350 students aged between 10 and 17, 53.7% of whom were girls. The RIBS has two sub-scales -reported behaviors and intended behaviors, with four items each. Frequencies were estimated for reported behaviors, whereas internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were measured for intended behaviors. Results: The reported behavior sub-scale ranged from 10.0 to 24.9%, whereas the intended behavior sub-scale presented a Cronbach's alpha of 0.88 (CI95% 0.86-0.90) and a McDonald's omega of 0.88. For the CFA, KMO was 0.81; Bartlett chi squared, 771.1 (df=6, p=0.01); and Eigen value, 2.95 that explained 73.9% of the total variance. For the goodness-of-fit tests, chi squared was 21.9 (df=2, p=.001); RMSEA, 0.17 (CI90% 0.11-0.24); CFI, 0.97; TLI, 0.92; and SMSR, 0.03. Conclusions: The RIBS can measure reported behaviors, and the intended behavior sub-scale shows high internal consistency. However, the dimensionality of the intended behavior sub-scale presents modest goodness-of-fit indexes. These findings need further replications.
Factor Selection in Hedge Fund Replication Dynamic Models

While the use of dynamic factor models for Hedge Fund Replication (HFR) has proven to be superior to standard OLS methodologies (e.g., Roncalli and Weisang, 2009a,b), current factor selection methodology in these dynamic settings by means of direct PCA-based estimation of the factors (e.g., Darolles and Mero, 2008) provides results having poor interpretability and small, yet significant, improvement over more naive selection methodologies. In this paper, I contend on the one hand that this type of direct factor estimation is doomed to be at best biased and unreliable in finite samples as indicated by results from random matrix theory (Harding, 2008). On the other hand, forward filtering-backward sampling (FFBS) algorithm and reversible-jump MCMC allow considering a factor selection methodology using observable instruments as potential factors hence solving both problems of identification and interpretability. I provide here a detailed algorithm and the results of its application to a simple and classic replication example.
Demonstration of placenta calcification in normal and gestation diabetes mellitus placenta of woman in wasit province/ IRAQ

The placenta is a distinguishing organ, which facilitates the supply of nutrients and oxygen to the fetus during placenta microcirculation. The placenta is impacted by gestational diabetes mellitus and contributes significantly to fetal and maternal mortality and morbidity. This study was designed to showed the general structure of tissue and detected calcification in the normal placenta and placenta of gestation diabetes with some histopathological change. The sample of this study were collect from Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Al-Batool and Al-Zahra Hospital, Kut city, Wasit region, Iraq. Total 16 placentas were collect from (17-48) years old women. They were divided into two groups, according to age and pathological cases (Normal Gestation NG and Gestation Diabetes mellitus GDM), with eight placentae for each group. The placenta samples were anatomized and taken from parts from the edge of the placenta and the middle of the parenchyma. All these samples were fixed in formalin at 10%. The histological study has been made by utilizing three types of dyes, hematoxylin and eosin to show the general histological structure, van koss and alizarin red stain to detect the deposition of calcium salt in tissue. The findings revealed placenta calcification in NG, slight calcification in young women, and mild calcification with advantage of women's age. In the placenta with GDM, the calcification appeared in the form of large black spots scattered through the chorionic plate at a young age in women and at mid-spots at an advantaged age with some histopathological chanage included fibrinoid necrosis, infarction, syncyial knot, edema and chorangiosis.
Peculiarities of gynecological history and reproductive status of women with psycho-emotional disorders related to prenatal stress

Persistent anovulation, menstrual disorders lead to the development of endocrinedependent gynecological diseases, one of the manifestations of which is primary infertility. The aim of the study: to assess the clinical features of history and reproductive status in women with psycho-emotional disorders associated with prenatal stress. The study involved 120 patients, 80 of whom suffered prenatal stress: 1 the main group, which is divided into 1A subgroup women who underwent in vitro fertilization, and 1B subgroup women who did not undergo in vitro fertilization. For comparison, a 2 control group of 40 women without prenatal stress with exclusively tubal factor of infertility, in which the parameters of the functional state of the reproductive system corresponded to the normal ovarian reserve. The age of patients ranged from 22 to 45 years. Complaints, anamnesis of disease and life, gynecological anamnesis, level of education were studied in all patients, the causes of infertility were assessed. The results of the study were processed using the statistical package of the licensed program "STATISTICA® for Windows 13.0". The normality of the distribution of indicators was established by the Shapiro-Wilk criterion. Descriptive statistics are presented as the arithmetic mean and standard deviation of M±SD or the median and quartile interval Me (Q1-Q2) depending on the distribution of the trait. It was found that in place of residence, social status, the presence of bad habits, gynecological history of infertile patients in in vitro fertilization programs do not differ from healthy women with tubal-peritoneal factor infertility. There was a significant difference between the indicators of the nature of the menstrual cycle in the comparison groups. It has been found that a menstrual cycle of less than 23 days is a predictor of reduced functional activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in women. Analysis of hormonal regulation of reproductive function of the examined groups of women found the prevalence of FSH in the main group over the control (9,611±0,212 vs. 6,221±0,113 mMod/ml, respectively, (p<0.05), and the level of TSH was not differences between comparison groups. We proposed to identify 3 states of ovarian reserve normal, low and extremely low for women with a history of infertility and prenatal stress. Conclusion: timely comprehensive assessment of the endocrine system, ovarian status in relation to the state of regulatory mechanisms of psychoemotional adaptation of women with infertility associated with prenatal stress, which we studied, requires a partial revision of approaches to this group of patients and timely use of in vitro extracorporeal the effectiveness of infertility treatment.
Effect of Maternal Empowerment Training on Frequency of Gastrointestinal Complications in Children Undergoing Chemotherapy

Background: Given the high prevalence of chemotherapy complications, it is essential to try limiting the side effects in order to prevent reduced quality of life in cancer patients, particularly children. The present study aimed to determine effect of maternal empowerment training on gastrointestinal complications in children undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on mothers with children under 12 years undergoing chemotherapy at the Bahrami Children's Hospital in Tehran (Iran) in 2017. Forty mothers were enrolled in the study via convenience sampling. The subjects were then randomly assigned to an intervention (n=20) and a control group (n=20). Data were collected using a checklist on gastrointestinal complications at baseline and two, four and eight weeks after the last training session. Statistical analysis of data was performed in SPSS 16. Results: The frequency of gastrointestinal complications reduced significantly after the training in the intervention group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the frequency of gastrointestinal complications before and after the intervention in the control group (P>0.05). After the training, the frequency of gastrointestinal complications was significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group. Conclusion: The empowerment program could help improve mothers’ knowledge about chemotherapy and associated complications, thereby reducing the frequency
36 Decision Making in Animals Rational Choices and Adaptive Strategies *

Humans face a myriad of choices every day, from simple decisions about what to eat for lunch or how much time to spend on leisure versus work, to more complex decisions like selecting between competitive jobs offers or deciding whether or not to get married. How do we make these choices? This question has spurred research in decision science across fields including economics, psychology, and biology. Here we will argue that we can gain important insights into these questions by examining how nonhuman animal species make choices. Animals constantly make decisions about many problems that are similar to those faced by humans: what food to eat, where to spend their time, and with whom to mate or to interact with. In doing so, they must account for both costs, such as delays and uncertainty, and the potential benefits of taking one course of action over another. By understanding why decision makers show certain preferences, we can better understand how these cognitive processes work. We specifically argue that integrating biological perspectives can reshape how we understand rational decision making: while economists and psychologists often focus on logical processes that maximize utility, evolutionary biologists assume that decision makers are trying to maximize fitness. This evolutionary perspective can explain patterns of decision making that may appear puzzling at first glance. We first provide an overview of different theoretical frameworks for rational decision making from psychology, economics, and biology. Next, we synthesize empirical evidence examining how different species make decisions and whether their choice strategies accord with different conceptualizations of rationality. We conclude by showing how integrating psychological approaches with evolutionary theory and comparative data will help to generate more realistic models of the mechanisms underpinning decision making.
Synthesis and Study of [Co3O4/Si/Mg-Chlorophyll:p-Si] Nano-Composite via Solvothermal-Laser Dual Technique

This study involves the preparation of nano-thin films with nanoparticles by Solvothermal-Pulsed Laser Deposition Technique. Also, it discusses the effect of the laser beam on the structural and optical properties of the prepared [Co3O4/Si/MgChlorophyll:p-Si] Nano-Particles Composite. These nanoparticles as Thin Films were syntheses by Pulsed Laser Deposition Technique by using Nd:YAG (λ=1064 nm, Energy= 400 mJ and Number of Pulses =250 pulses). Structure, topography and optical properties of the Co3O4/Si/Mg-Chlorophyll Nano-Particles Composite have been studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopes (FE-SEM) and the UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy respectively.
An Automated Recognition of Work Activity in Industrial Manufacturing Using Convolutional Neural Networks

The automated assessment and analysis of employee activity in a manufacturing enterprise, operating in accordance with the concept of Industry 4.0, is essential for a quick and precise diagnosis of work quality, especially in the process of training a new employee. In the case of industrial solutions, many approaches involving the recognition and detection of work activity are based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Despite the wide use of CNNs, it is difficult to find solutions supporting the automated checking of work activities performed by trained employees. We propose a novel framework for the automatic generation of workplace instructions and real-time recognition of worker activities. The proposed method integrates CNN, CNN Support Vector Machine (SVM), CNN Region-Based CNN (Yolov3 Tiny) for recognizing and checking the completed work tasks. First, video recordings of the work process are analyzed and reference video frames corresponding to work activity stages are determined. Next, work-related features and objects are determined using CNN with SVM (achieving 94% accuracy) and Yolov3 Tiny network based on the characteristics of the reference frames. Additionally, matching matrix between the reference frames and the test frames using mean absolute error (MAE) as a measure of errors between paired observations was built. Finally, the practical usefulness of the proposed approach by applying the method for supporting the automatic training of new employees and checking the correctness of their work done on solid fuel boiler equipment in a manufacturing company was demonstrated. The developed information system can be integrated with other Industry 4.0 technologies introduced within an enterprise.