Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activated Carbons Obtained from Rice Husk : Influence of Leaching on Textural Parameters

Activated carbons obtained from rice husk exhibit low specific surface areas when physical activation is applied due to its high silica content. The purpose of this work was to improve textural parameters of powdered activated carbons obtained from rice husk. To avoid the negative influence of the raw material ash content, a leaching step was included in the preparation process. Hydrofluoric acid, in two concentrations (25 and 50 wt %), was used as leaching agent and applied in different stages of the process. Physical activation using water vapor as activating agent was applied. Specific surface area and porosity were evaluated from nitrogen adsorption data. When a leaching step was included, specific surface area values between 700 and 1200 m2/g were obtained. These values are higher than that corresponding to the activated carbon prepared from rice husk not treated with acid (290 m2/g). Pore size distribution depends on the step sequence of the preparation process and on the HF concentration.
Solvothermal Synthesis of LiFePO4 Hierarchically Dumbbell-Like Microstructures by Nanoplate Self-Assembly and Their Application as a Cathode Material in Lithium-Ion Batteries

In this work, LiFePO4 with hierarchical microstructures self-assembled by nanoplates has been successfully synthesized by using poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as the surfactant in a benzyl alcohol system. The resulting dumbbell-like LiFePO4 microstructures are hierarchically constructed with two-dimensional nanoplates with ∼300 nm length and ∼50 nm thicknesses, while these tiny plates are attached side by side in an ordered fashion. Both benzyl alcohol and LiI acting as reducing agents promote the formation of LiFePO4, and the presence of PVP plays an important role in the construction of the hierarchically self-assembled microstructures. A reasonable formation mechanism is proposed on the basis of the result of time-dependent experiments. In addition, the cell performance of the synthesized LiFePO4 is better than that of the commercial LiFePO4, which makes it a promising cathode material for advanced electrochemical devices such as lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors.
An Investigation on the Onset of Wake-Induced Transition and Turbulent Spot Production Rate Using Thermochromic Liquid Crystals

Wakes shed by upstream blade rows are known to cause boundary layer transition in both the compressor and turbine stages of axial flow gas turbines. This transition process is believed to take place via discrete zones of turbulence known as turbulent spots which occur in an otherwise laminar boundary layer. However, the process of transition over the blade surface cannot, at present, be reliably predicted. This is due to a lack of information on where and when these turbulent spots form and how they grow and merge as they convect downstream to form the turbulent boundary layer.This paper presents detailed experimental information on the process of boundary layer transition induced by a bar generated wake travelling over a zero pressure gradient laminar boundary layer on a flat plate. The Reynolds number was 3×105. The peak turbulence intensity within the wakes varied from 3 to 6 % by using different bar of different diameters. An encapsulated cholesteric liquid crystals coating has been employed on a heated flat plate to reveal detailed information over the full surface. The information includes the thermal characteristics, the spot onset and formation rate. Data were obtained at high resolution on a grid of 30,000 points. The results were compared to intermittency plots and time-distance diagrams obtained by using surface-mounted thin film gauges and found to be similar. The data were also consistent with well established correlations and other published data from the literature for existing wake-induced transition models.Copyright © 1999 by ASME
COMPARISON OF KINETIC EQUATIONS TO DESCRIBE POTASSIUM‐CALCIUM EXCHANGE IN PURE AND IN MIXED SYSTEMS

We used first-order, Elovich, parabolic diffusion, and zero-order equations to describe the kinetics of K-Ca exchange in kaolinite, montmorillonite, vermiculite and soils of the Atlantic Coastal Plain Region. The first-order equation was the best of the various kinetic equations studied to describe the reaction rate of K adsorption in the clay minerals and soils, as evidenced by the highest simple correlation coefficients (r) and the lowest values of the standard error of the estimate (SE). The parabolic diffusion law described K adsorption best on vermiculite and soils dominated by vermiculitic clay minerals. The parabolic diffusion law did not describe K adsorption well on kaolinite and soils high in kaolinite. These differences were related to the kinds of binding sites present in the pure and mixed systems. The Elovich and zero-order equations did not satisfactorily describe K adsorption in the soils and clays. Apparent potassium adsorption rate coefficients (ka/) were 0.23, 0.58, and 2.65 h-1 for vermiculite, montmorillonite, and kaolinite, respectively. The ka/ values for the soils ranged from 0.84 to 1.86 h-1, and their magnitude was related to the type and quantity of clay minerals present.
Impact of E-Government Adoption and Initiatives on Association of Southeast Asian Nations Countries

This study analyzed the impact of E-government adoption and open government data initiatives on economic growth of ASEAN countries. Literacy rate and population factor are two important control variables which are used in this research study. In the literature review section, past relevant research studies have been mentioned and reviewed effectively. The cross-sectional data has collected about concerned variables regarding ASEAN countries. The analyses included IPS unit root test, Pedroni cointegration and FMOLS estimation. The result of all these tests and approaches indicated that the hypotheses set by the researcher are accepted along with the impact of one control variable that is literacy rate while the relationship of population is found negative with economic growth. The researcher validated that E-government adoption and “open government data initiatives” have an incredibly significant impact on economic growth of ASEAN countries. This study has mentioned some important limitations and future indications which the future researchers can use to increase the literature about these concepts and a broader research can be conducted effectively. This study has various implications in theory, practical and policy making decisions that will ultimately result in increase of the economic growth of ASEAN countries and enhance the concepts of e-government and open data in these countries.
Schmelzpunkte in einigen homologen Reihen langkettiger Verbindungen

Es werden Schmelzpunkte aus 31 homologen Reihen von Kohlenwasserstoffen (Abb. 1) und Estern (Tabb. 1–4) mitgeteilt. Von den Dipropylestern der Dicarbonsauren schmelzen die Homologen mit ungeradzahliger Kette hoher als die mit geradzahliger Kette. Alternierende Schmelzpunkte wurden auch in Reihen gefunden, deren Vertreter samtlich geradzahlig oder samtlich ungeradzahlig sind (Tab. 3). Melting Points in Homologous Series of Long-Chain Compounds The melting points of 31 homologous series of hydrocarbons (fig. 1) and esters (tables 1–4) are reported. In the case of the homologous series of dipropyl esters of dicarboxylic acids, the odd homologs have higher melting points than do even ones. Alternating melting points were also found in series, whose representatives are all even or all odd (table 3).
Effect of Molecular Weight of Surfactant in Nano Ceria Slurry on Shallow Trench Isolation Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP)

We examined the effect of the molecular weight of surfactants in ceria slurry during chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) for shallow trench isolation (STI). We found that for a surfactant with a higher molecular weight, the oxide removal rate decreased drastically as the surfactant concentration increased, but in the case of a lower molecular weight, it only slightly decreased. In addition, slurries whose surfactants had lower molecular weights maintained a higher nitride removal rate with increasing surfactant concentration. The results showed that the molecular weight and surfactant concentration have complex effects on the oxide removal rate and the oxide-to-nitride removal selectivity.
A Study of Revisit Intention: Beach Image, Beach Uniqueness, Beach Authenticity, Attraction and Satisfaction in Lombok Beach Nusa Tenggara Barat

This study aims to examine the effect of beach image, beach uniqueness, beach authenticity, attraction, and satisfaction on revisit intention on beaches in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). The research used primary data derived from the questionnaire respondents of the Lombok tourist. The sample in this study amounted to 288 respondents. This study using a non-probability sampling method with a purposive sampling approach and the method used in analyzing data in this study using SmartPLS 3.0. The empirical result of the study show that beach image had a positive effect and significant to satisfaction, but beach image had a positive effect and not significant to revisit intention. Beach uniqueness had a positive effect and significant to satisfaction and revisit intention. Beach authenticity had a positive effect and significant to satisfaction and revisit intention. Attraction had a positive effect and significant to revisit intention, but not significant to satisfaction. , had a positive effect and not significant to revisit intention.
NONPERTURBATIVE APPROACH TO FEMTOSECOND SPECTROSCOPY : GENERAL THEORY AND APPLICATION TO MULTIDIMENSIONAL NONADIABATIC PHOTOISOMERIZATION PROCESSES

A general nonperturbative approach to calculate femtosecond pump‐probe (PP) signals is proposed, which treats both the intramolecular couplings and the field‐matter interaction (numerically) exactly. Experimentally as well as in a perturbative calculation it is straightforward to distinguish between different spectroscopic processes through the direction of the wave vector of the emitted radiation. A nonperturbative calculation, on the other hand, yields the overall polarization of the system, which is the sum of all these contributions. We present a general and practical method that allows to extract the individual spectroscopic signals, which are resolved in time, frequency, and direction of the emission, from the overall polarization. We briefly derive the basic expressions for the time‐ and frequency‐resolved PP signals under consideration, and discuss in detail the simplifications that arise when the usual assumptions (i.e., weak laser fields, nonoverlapping pulses, slowly‐varying envelope assumption.
Mesoscopic Simulation of Aggregation of Asphaltene and Resin Molecules in Crude Oils

A molecular model for simulating the aggregation of asphaltenes and resins in crude oils on a mesoscale is proposed. The asphaltene molecules are treated as discotic seven-center Lennard-Jonesium molecules, the resins are modeled as single spheres, and the surrounding crude oil is modeled as a continuum, characterized by a screening factor, and defined using a combination of its Hamaker and dielectric constants. The parameters for the model are obtained by coarse-graining the potential energy surface obtained from model atomistic simulations of pairs of asphaltenes and resins. Canonical Monte Carlo simulations are performed with this model, and effects of temperature, asphaltene, and resin concentration are studied parametrically. The results agree with experimentally observed tendencies. The asphaltene is seen not to conform to a linear aggregation model, but exhibits a more complex multimodal aggregation pattern. The screening constant of the crude oil, which ultimately controls the aggregation, can itself be related to other measurable quantities such as the refractive index.
Photothermal evaluation of the influence of nicotine, antitumor drugs, and radiation on cellular absorbing structures

This short review presents findings from a recent evaluation of the diagnostic capabilities of a new experimental design of the advanced photothermal (PT) imaging system; specifically, its performance in studying the impact of nicotine, a combination of antitumor drugs, and radiation on the absorbing structures of various cells. We used this imaging system to test our hypothesis that low doses of chemicals or drugs lead to changes in cell metabolism, that these changes are accompanied by the shrinking of cellular absorbing zones (e.g. organelles), and that these reactions cause increased local absorption. Conversely, high (toxic) doses may lead to swelling of organelles or release of chromophores into the intracellular space, causing decreased local absorption. In this study, we compared PT images and PT responses of the pancreatic exocrine tumor cell line AR42J resulting from exposure to various concentrations of nicotine versus those of control cells. We found that responses were almost proportional to the drug concentration in concentrations ranging from 1 nM-100 μM, reached saturation at a maximum of approximately 100 μM-1 mM, and then fell rapidly at concentrations ranging from 1-50 mM. We also examined the influence of antitumor drugs (vinblastine and paclitaxel) on KB3 carcinoma cells, with drug concentrations ranging from 10-10 nM to 10 nM. In this instance, exposure initially led to slight cell activation, which was then followed by decreased cellular PT response. Drug administration led to corresponding changes in the amplitude and spatial intracellular localization of PT responses, including bubble formation, as an indicator of local absorption level. Additionally, it was shown that, depending on cell type, x-ray radiation may produce effects similar to those resulting from exposure to drugs. Independent verification with a combined PT-fluorescence assay and conventional staining kits (trypan blue, Annexin V-propidium iodide [PI]) revealed that this new PT assay has the potential to detect different stages of environmental impact, including changes in cell metabolism and apoptotic- and toxic-related phenomena, at a concentration threshold sensitivity at least three orders of magnitude better than existing assays. This assay may also help optimize combined cancer therapies.
Water as Solvent in Polyimide Synthesis: Thermoset and Thermoplastic Examples

A combination of increasingly stringent environmental legislation and economic competition is driving industrial processes further and further towards the three “E”s of chemical manufacture: economy, efficiency and environmental impact. In this paper, we present a novel aqueous method for the synthesis of polyimides. The products resulting from this process perform similarly, through both qualitative and quantitative comparisons, to those conventionally produced using high boiling dipolar aprotic solvent. This highly efficient one-pot method potentially provides economic advantage through low solvent cost and environmental impact benefit from the manageable aqueous waste.
Studies of the 2018/Mars Year 34 Planet‐Encircling Dust Storm

Mars’ planet‐encircling or global dust storms (GDSs) are an iconic and enigmatic feature of the Red Planet. Occurring every few Mars Years (MYs), on average, they are a stochastic process in the otherwise largely repeatable annual cycle of martian weather. In 2018 (MY 34 in the calendar of Clancy et al. [2000], https://doi.org/10.1029/1999je001089), an international fleet of spacecraft–six orbiters and two rovers–observed the most recent GDS. This introduction and the articles of this special collection describe the evolution and impacts of the storm from the surface to the exosphere, compare this storm to previous GDSs, identify new phenomena never previously seen in such storms, and attempt to determine how and when GDSs develop.
Effect of Urea Concentration and Vacuum Treatment on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Methyl Metacrylate Bamboo

Betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) samples were obtained from Bogor area, Indonesia. The samples were air dried, and then immersed into methyl metacrylate-urea solution for 24 hours prior to irradiation. Urea was added into methyl metacrylate (MMA) with concentration of 1%, 3%, and 5%, and without urea as control. The samples were vacuumed at 35 mmHg for five minutes prior to immersion, and without vacuum were done as well as control. The samples were wrapped up with aluminum foil and then with polyvinyl sheet, and irradiated with 60Co gamma ray with 40 kGy. After opening the wraps, the samples were dried in the oven at 70°C for 24 hours. For comparison, the samples of control or original bamboo were also prepared. The all samples were tested for physical and mechanical properties. Factorial randomized complete design 2 × 4 was used for analytical purpose the factors were vacuum treatment and urea concentration. The results showed that polymer loading of MMA-bamboo reached 10.7–12.8%, and the physical and mechanical properties were better than the origin. Vacuum treatment enhanced hardness only, and urea enhanced polymer loading and physical properties but reduced mechanical properties, and the addition of urea at 1% could be satisfied.
Evaluation of Strawberry Pigments as Pork Sausage Colorant

The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the possibility of strawberry pigments used in the manufacture of pork sausage. Five treatments of pork sausages (5% fat) with two levels of sodium nitrite (0 and 0.015%), three levels (0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3%) of strawberry pigments were produced. The addition of strawberry pigments resulted in the significant increase of a* values and b* values, but the significant reduction of L* values, VBN values and TBA values (p < 0.05). The 0.1% or 0.2% strawberry pigments added samples had better color and sensory qualities (color, flavor, mouthfeel and slice traits) than the controls, equal even better color and sensory qualities than the NaNO2. Based mainly on the results of overall acceptability during 29 days storage, it could be concluded that strawberry pigments showed a potential for pork sausage manufacture.
Does Earnings Quality Really Matter? An Evidence from Indonesian State-Owned Bank

The main purpose of this study is to examine earnings quality and their impact on the financial performance of Indonesian state-owned banks from the period of 2006 up to 2018. The indicators for earnings quality are discretionary accruals and earnings persistence while measurements for financial performance are return on assets, return on equity, rate return on loans and total asset turn over. This research covers 4 Indonesian state-owned banks. The data for the study were analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS). Apparently, testing the effect of earnings quality in Indonesian state-owned banks reveals not a significant result, as unexpected. The result of this study slightly different from other previews research. The mainstream of theoretical asserts that earnings quality has a positive effect on financial performance. This study shows that although earnings quality doesn’t have a significant effect on financial performance, it doesn’t mean that companies can make earnings management on their earnings. This study also recommends that companies not only pursue company profit but also keep other factors to obtain good company performance for the short and long term.
ACCURATE LIME RECOMMENDATIONS UNDER SOUTH AFRICAN CONDITIONS

In a trial to test the bioavailability of certain heavy metals from slags, twelve liming materials (including different slags) were applied at three different rates to an Acrisol (sandy loam, pH(Water) of 5.2 and CEC of 4 cmolc kg−1) from the South African Eastern Highveld. Two Ca(OH)2 incubations were done on the specific soil—one in a soil to solution ratio of 1:1 before the trial and another in a soil to solution ratio of 1:2.5 on the control treatment soil after the trial. The Calcium Carbonate Equivalents in HCl (CCE) and RH-values (Resin Suspension Method) were determined for each lime before the trial. After an incubation period of three months, the pH(Water) and pH(KCl) of each of the four replicates for every treatment was measured. An incubation curve and regression equation was drawn up for each lime using the average pH values. Lime recommendations for each lime to target pH-values of 5.8, 6.8, and 7.8 were modeled using the CCE and RH-values as well as the values from the two Ca(OH)2 incubations. The soil to solution ratio of 1:2.5 and the RH-value gave a very accurate indication of the lime required for the specified pH targets of 5.8 and 6.8. All the methods underestimated the lime required for the target of 7.8. The CCE value overestimated lime reactivity, especially in the case of courser liming materials. However, the RH-value gave a more accurate indication of the reactivity of the lime, especially through the pH ranges 5.8 to 6.8.
Twitter Trend Analysis

The community of users participating in social media tends to share common interests at the same time, giving rise to what are known as social trends. A social trend reflects the voice of a large number of users which, for some reason, becomes popular in a specific moment. Through social trends, users, therefore, suggest that some occurrence of wide interest is taking place and subsequently triggering the trend. In this work, we explore the types of triggers that spark trends on the microblogging site Twitter and introduce a typology that includes the following four types: news, ongoing events, memes, and commemoratives. The user will be allowed to search for the latest trends by inputting a keyword into the search field. Based on user- provided keyword, the system will search for similar keywords in database and summarize the total count to provide the trending tweets on twitter. The trending tweets with the hashtag (#) will be displayed first and then the rest words will be displayed. By clicking on every trending tweet, the user commented tweets will be displayed. User can view all the tweets from the searched keyword. One of the main features on the homepage of Twitter shows a list of top terms so called trending topics at all times. These terms reflect the topics that are being discussed most at the very moment on the site’s fast-flowing stream of tweets. In order to avoid topics that are popular regularly (e.g., good morning or goodnight on certain times of the day), Twitter focuses on topics that are being discussed much more than usual, i.e., topics that recently suffered an increase of use, so that it trended for some reason
Tetradentate Schiff base ligands of 3,4-diaminobenzophenone: Synthesis, characterization and thermodynamics of complex formation with Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) metal ions

Some new symmetrical diimino tetradentate Schiff base ligands were synthesized by the reaction of 3,4-diaminobenzophenone with salicylaldehyde derivatives, such as (3,4-bis(((2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylene)amino)- phenyl)phenylmethanone (L 1 ), (3,4-bis(((2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl- ene)amino)phenyl)phenylmethanone (L 2 ), (3,4-bis(((5-bromo-2-hydroxyphe- nyl)methylene)amino)phenyl)phenylmethanone (L 3 ) and (3,4-bis(((2-hydroxy- -5-nitrophenyl)methylene)amino)phenyl)phenylmethanone (L 4 ). Additionally, a tetradentate Schiff base ligand (3,4-bis(((2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl- ene)amino)phenyl)phenylmethanone (L 5 ) was synthesized. All the Schiff bases and their Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes were characterized using elemen- tal analysis and infrared, electronic, mass and 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. The for- mation constants of the complexes were measured using UV-Vis spectroscopic titration at constant ionic strength 0.10 M (NaClO4), at 25 °C in dimethylform- amide (DMF) as solvent.