Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Micro-cleanliness of Hard Tissue Debris After Advanced Irrigation and Comparison Between EndoVac and XP-endo Finisher: A Microcomputed Tomographic Study

Introduction: Conventional irrigation techniques do not remove debris adequately. The remaining tissue debris cause infection inside the root canal and may also affect the seal of the root canal. The study aimed to compare the ability of EndoVac (EV) with XP-endo finisher (XPF) in debris removal using micro-CT analysis. Materials and Methods: We used 12 lower first permanent molar human teeth for this study. The root canals were instrumented using a small TF adaptive system. Then, the volume of debris was calculated. Teeth were divided into two groups, according to advanced irrigation methods, with six teeth per group: EV group and XPF group. The volume of debris was calculated again. The paired-sample t-test was used to compare the volume of the debris before and after the use of advanced irrigation methods with the statistical significance of P < 0.05. The percentage of debris reduction was also calculated. Results: Both EV and XPF showed a significant decrease of debris in the mesial canals (P < 0.05), whereas EV only showed a significant reduction of debris in the distal canals. Conclusion: Both EV and XPF were able to significantly reduce debris after instrumentation in the mesial canals of lower first mandibular molars. Clinical Significance: The study provides insight into the recent advanced methods used in debris removal and canal disinfection.
Evaluation of intraocular pressure change and anterior segment parameters after intravitreal bevacizumab injection – Cannula size matters

PURPOSE: To determine the changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior chamber parameters following intravitreal bevacizumab injection with different sizes of cannulas. METHODS: This clinical trial was conducted with 70 eyes of 70 patients who received an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab with 26 G (Group 1) or 30 G (Group 2) needle. Preinjection and postinjection 30th-min IOP and pentacam measurements were obtained. Anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal volume (CV), and iridocorneal angle (ICA) measurements were evaluated in pentacam. RESULTS: Preinjection mean IOP values in Group 1 and 2 were 14.7 ± 3.29 mm Hg and 15.1 ± 2.87 mm Hg, respectively. Postinjection mean IOP in Group 1 was 16.8 ± 6.24 mm Hg and in Group 2 was 20.3 ± 3.66 mm Hg. Postinjection mean IOP values were significantly higher than preinjection values in both groups (Group 1 P < 0.005 and Group 2 P < 0.001). IOP change was significantly higher in Group 2 after injection (P < 0.05). In both groups, the change in IOP found to be more significant in phakic eyes than pseudophakic eyes (Group 1 P < 0.001, Group 2 P < 0.001). CCT and CV were significantly higher in both groups 30 min after the injection than preinjection (Group 1 and Group 2; P < 0.01). In Group 2 ACD, ACV and ICA values were significantly lower than preinjection values (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Needle bore size is an important parameter that influences anterior segment parameters and IOP change in the intravitreal injection. IOP rise and anterior segment changes are more prominent with a thinner cannula.
The association between the salivary cortisol level of mothers, children's temperament, and early childhood caries

Background: Multiple factors can affect early childhood caries (ECC). Maternal stress and child's temperament, as predictors of child behavior, are among factors that may be associated with ECC. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the salivary cortisol level of mothers as an indicator of maternal stress, child's temperament, and ECC. Methods: Ninety preschool children, who were divided into three groups of ECC, severe ECC (S-ECC), and caries-free (CF), were included in this study, as well as their mothers with no history of anxiety disorders. The salivary cortisol levels of mothers were analyzed using ELISA assay. Children were examined for the evidence of caries, using the decayed-missing-filled teeth index, based on the World Health Organization standard criteria. Child temperament was also assessed, using Cloninger's Preschool Temperament and Character Inventory, consisting of seven significant factors (cooperativeness, harm avoidance, novelty seeking, reward dependence, persistence, self-directing, and self-transcendence). Results: The association between the salivary cortisol level of mothers and temperament of children with S-ECC was positive although it was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Of seven temperament factors, only harm avoidance was significantly different between the CF and S-ECC groups (P = 0.016). Conclusion: Maternal stress and child's temperament were not associated with ECC. Based on the present findings, children with less harm avoidance may be more prone to S-ECC.
The prevalence and predictors of refractive error among school children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

PURPOSE: Refractive error (RE) is one of the most common ocular disorders among children worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of RE and possible risk factors among school children in Riyadh. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study using data collected at various schools. To achieve the aim of the study, we selected a random sample of 850 school children aged 6–15 years. The examination was based on the RESC protocol and included full visual assessment. Furthermore, a questionnaire was sent to the parents of the participants to ascertain information about lifestyle factors. We constructed a logistic regression model to evaluate the predictors of RE. RESULTS: Close to a third of the children had a RE. Of those identified as having the condition, 60% did not wear glasses (newly diagnosed). Nearly all the children (95.4%) in our sample reported using electronic devices, according to parents. No association was found between using electronic devices and having a RE (P = 0.26). Doing outdoor activities was associated with 52% lower odds of a RE (odds ratio = 1.52). CONCLUSION: We found a higher prevalence of uncorrected RE than previously reported in other Saudi studies. About 60% of children who had RE were not wearing glasses, highlighting the need for a standardized school screening program for early detection and management. Outdoor activities were associated with a lower likelihood of having a RE. These findings might support initiatives to encourage outdoor activities among school children.
Satisfaction Level of the Oral Medicine Patients Using Teledentistry During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Factor Analysis

Objectives: The aim of this article is to describe oral medicine patients’ satisfaction level with teledentistry services during COVID-19 pandemic by a factor analysis. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Oral Medicine Clinic in 31 patients who used teledentistry services at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic under informed consent. Questionnaire modification was validated with the Rasch model analysis and components that contribute to satisfaction were analyzed by the factor analysis. A total of satisfaction scores were then categorized into five levels (very dissatisfied; not satisfied; moderate; satisfied and very satisfied). Results: The questionnaire shows Cronbach’s alpha of 0.83 and a reliability item of 0.95 with a separation of 4.49. The factor analysis shows two components that contribute to satisfaction, namely, components convenience and communication. One hundred percent of the subjects were in the satisfied and very satisfied categories. Discussion: The Rasch model can determine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire used more accurately. The components of convenience and communication are the main things that are considered when patients choose teledentistry services. Conclusion: Oral medicine patients’ satisfaction level with teledentistry services during the COVID-19 pandemic was 100% in the satisfied and very satisfied categories, with contributing factors being convenience and communication.
Assessment of ganglion cell complex, macular thickness, and optic disc parameters in keratoconus patients

PURPOSE: Keratoconus (KC) is bilateral noninflammatory corneal disorder characterized by progressive corneal thinning, protrusion, and scarring. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ganglion cell complex(GCC), macula thickness(MT) and optic head disc parameters in keratoconus patients. METHODS: A hospital based prospective clinical case series was performed in Inonu University School of Medicine. 52 eyes of 52 keratoconus patients and 50 eyes of 50 normal patients were enrolled. RESULTS: There is no statistically significant in MT between groups. GCC in nasal superior, temporal superior and temporal inferior 9 mm from macula were found statistically significant decrease in keratoconus group (p<0,05). In optic disc analysis fifth and the eleventh clock-hour quadrants of peripapiller retina nerve fiber layer and cup area ratio were found statistically significant decrease in keratoconic eyes (p<0,05). CONCLUSION: We thought that structural retinal changes seem in keratoconus eyes; keratoconus pathogenesis may affect not only cornea but also retina and optic nerve head.
A laboratory study on wave transmission over hexagonal artificial reef

Artificial reefs are commonly used to rehabilitate natural coral reef damage. Artificial reef serves as a new habitat for marine life and simultaneously protect the shoreline by reducing wave energy without reducing the aesthetics of the protected beach. As an artificial reef can serve as submerged breakwaters, the level of their effectiveness in reducing incoming wave need to be investigated. The new form hexagonal shape artificial reef is proposed then evaluated based on the transmission coefficient. The tests for various configurations of a hexagonal reef in a 1:10 scale were conducted in the wave flume of Department Ocean Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya. The result of tests was presented and showed that the new proposed hexagonal shape artificial reefs have better performance compared to cylindrical and cubical shape artificial reefs.
Engineering electronic structure of topological insulator Bi2Te3 thin films by highly uniform ripple arrays

‘Wrinkle engineering’, as an effective approach to modify the properties of materials without introducing additional chemical doping, has been widely used in a variety of two-dimensional materials, including graphene, phosphorene and transitional metal dichalcogenides, etc. One-dimensional wrinkle or ripple arrays, which breaks the crystalline symmetry of materials, may reformate the nontrivial band structure and greatly affect the electronic properties of topological materials. Until now, such method has been rarely applied experimentally in tuning topological materials. Here, we fabricate highly uniform ripple arrays directly in few-quintuple-layers (QL) Bi2Te3 thin films on SrTiO3 substrate realized by in-situ strained epitaxial growth, investigated by detailed low temperature scanning tunneling microscope/spectroscopy. Well-defined one-dimensional (1D) ripple structures induced by the interfacial strain from the lattice mismatch between the Bi2Te3 films and the substrate has been observed. As the thickness of Bi2Te3 thin films increases, the release of the strain leads to the reduction of the averaged corrugation height and the periodicity of ripple array. The dI/dV spectra and spatially resolved spectroscopic survey acquired on the epitaxial layers with different thicknesses, reveal that both the energy gap and the Fermi velocity of the Dirac surface states are greatly enhanced on thinner films. Dirac fermion velocity vF is estimated about 7.8 × 105 m s−1 for 3 QL, which is greatly enhanced by compared with the bulk values (4.8 × 105 m s−1). An asymmetric dispersion behavior along different Γˉ − Mˉ directions is observed, highly related with the modulation of 1D corrugated ripples on the electronic structure. Moreover, an unconventional Bi (S4) termination mainly observed on thinner films shows a stress-related behavior, agreed with previous theoretical calculations. Our work proposes a promising route to fabricate a highly uniform ripple structure on nontrivial topological materials, which can effectively tune the electronic structure. Specially, it may have an immediate application for realizing a high-performance topological-based device with higher operating temperature and speed.
Effects of Void Characteristics on Compressive Strength of Permeable Mortar Paver and Design Recommendation for Parking Area

This study aims to analyse the effect of void characteristics on the compressive strength of permeable mortar paversand provide design recommendations for permeable mortar pavers to be applied in parking areas. In this study, the specimens were cast in steel moulds with the void percentages of 5%, 10% and 15%, and tested for compressive strength. For the design recommendations, the permeable mortar paver installation was carried out based on the result of laboratory testing and from some literature studies. The result of this study indicated that the lower thevoid percentages, the higher the compressive strength of the specimens. The use of plastic straws to make voidsgavehigher compressive strength compared to specimens with bamboo straws. For the application, the recommended form for the permeable mortar paver is a 21 cm × 21 cm squared pre-cast paving block which contains four 1 ½ PVC pipes as a void maker. Finally, field studies are necessary to evaluate the design recommendation of permeable mortar paver.
A 2D model for prediction of nanoparticle distribution and microstructure evolution during solidification of metal matrix nanocomposites

A 2D numerical model to predict the microstructure evolution in binary alloy matrix nanocomposites is presented. The main novelty of the model is that it captures the effect of nanoparticles on binary alloy dendrite growth and microstructure evolution. Diffusion based transport of nanoparticles is solved using a nanoparticle concentration defined in a similar way to an alloying element. Engulfment or rejection of nanoparticles at the solidification interface is implemented by defining a partition coefficient. The diffusivity of nanoparticles is calculated based on nanoparticle movement due to Brownian motion. The governing equations for binary alloy solidification are formulated using the volume averaged enthalpy method with a probabilistic nucleation model for grain nucleation. The effect of nanoparticles on solidification is incorporated through modifications of the solute diffusion field and interfacial energy. The developed model is used for predicting the effect of nanoparticle concentration and nanoparticle radius on dendrite growth and microstructure evolution. From single dendrite study, it is observed that the dendrite size decreases with increase in nanoparticle concentration while it increases with increase in nanoparticle radius. During microstructure evolution, increased non-homogeneity in nanoparticle distribution is observed with increase in nanoparticle concentration and more uniform distribution is observed with increase in nanoparticle radius.
A nonlinear simulation study of the effect of toroidal rotation on RMP control of ELMs

We present numerical simulation studies on the combined influence of a resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) and a sheared toroidal flow on the characteristics of edge localized modes (ELMs). We find that the presence of a sheared flow enhances the stabilising effect of the RMP in a synergistic manner. For a fixed RMP power a comparative study is made of the nature of ELM dynamics for different flow configurations. A counter-current off-axis flow is found to be the most effective in mitigating ELMs by changing their nature from a spiky type-I kind of ELMS to a grassy variety. There is also a concomitant improvement in the over all plasma beta and energy confinement time.
Effects of Pile Configuration on The Behaviour of Jetty Structure Subject to Lateral Loads

Piles are structural elements which play an important role to carry loads and transfer them to the ground. In a jetty structure, the critical lateral loads supported by piles are mostly from Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) vessels. This research investigates various pile configuration such as pile diameter (40 cm, 60 cm, and 80 cm), distance between pile (2,5 m and 5 m), and the slope of the pile (straight pile and sloping pile with the ratio 1:8). A series of analysis has been conducted using SAP 2000 program. The analysis results show that a smaller pile deflection can be obtained if a large diameter pile is used, distance between piles is 2.5 m, and the type of piles being installed is a sloping pile.
Determinants factor affecting user continuance usage and intention to recommend of mobile telemedicine

This study analysedmobile telemedicine application’s users in Jakarta towards their behaviours intention to recommend the applications to others. Using Unified Theory Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2), Diffusion of Innovation, and Perceived Technology Security (PTS) would eventually explain their continuance usage and intention to recommend. This study targeted 384 respondents as samples and used random sampling to collect data using online questionnaires. The study used Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) Partial Least Square (PLS) with WarpPLS 7.0 for analysing data. Determinant factors that affect Mobile Telemedicine Application’s users’ behaviours will eventually help the health care workers and the application system providers to deliver a better patient centric, convenience and reliable applications especially during COVID-19 pandemic. This study revealed performance expectancy, price value, compatibility, and perceived technology security as significant factors influencing continuance usage, and continuance usage as a significant factor influencing intention to recommend mobile telemedicine.
Sustainability of Old Semarang to World Heritage: Challenges in Coastal Area

Historical cities can be an important part of economic, social, cultural, and environmental improvements, an important aspect of the city’s heritage sustainability. To that end, the Semarang City Government has revitalized the old city located near the north coast of Java, which gives many challenges in achieving world heritage status. This paper aims to examine the sustainability of Semarang Old City management’s towards world heritage in the issue of management challenges in coastal areas. The method used was qualitative by interviewing sources and was supported by a meta-analysis of various studies. The results show that there is much evidence of a physical decline in the old city area. This occurs because of the reclamation process, land subsidence, rising seawater, and people who are not aware of supporting a good drainage system. The hope is that there is good sustainability management of heritage areas to support cultural, social, and economic activities.
What Have We Learned About the Brazilian Development

This paper discusses what we have learned about the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES), one of the largest development banks in the world, based on the available empirical evidence. We reviewed 70 academic papers that, based on the data, tried to identify causal relations involving the Bank. In general, the evidence indicates that BNDES loans are an effective instrument to increase investment, employment and exports, especially when credit borrowers are micro, small and medium-sized companies. The Bank also appears to have positive effects on economic activity and the revenues of supported firms. There is also evidence that the BNDES’s operation was able to reduce deforestation in the country. However, most articles suggest that the BNDES has null effects on productivity. The literature is not conclusive about whether there was political influence in the Bank’s loans. Finally, this article discusses what we still do not know about the BNDES – which remains an open issue for future research.
Efficient use of the Generators for the Environmental Economic Dispatch from the energy system, including solar photovoltaic generation

The classic Economic Dispatch (ED) problem considers only the cost of power generation by thermal generators, often disregarding the safety parameters of the electrical network, environmental costs and especially the importance of predictive maintenance of the generators, when considering environmental costs in the optimization of ED this becomes a multi-objective problem Environmental Economic Dispatch (EED). Considering the global pressure to reduce emissions of pollutants in the atmosphere and environmental sustainability, incorporating the generation of Renewable Energies (RE) or Green Energy in the electricity grid is indispensable. Solar energy is becoming an important part of the power generation portfolio in many regions due to the fast decline in its costs and political incentives that favor the generation of clean energy sources. This article uses the Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO) method to solve the problem and EED restricted to the grid in a hybrid system (thermoelectric and photovoltaic). The results of the optimization problem were simulated in MATLAB. This research included 01 thermoelectric with 06 generators and 13 solar plants.
Evidences on inflation persistence and inflation volatility in Brazil

This paper aims to investigate the inflation persistence in Brazil from 1995 to 2019. The inflation persistence was estimated using the Bayesian approach in a model with two main characteristics. The first is to introduce the expectation-based persistence, which is related to the Central Bank’s inflation targeting strategies, in addition to intrinsic persistence. The second characteristic is the control for stochastic volatility, with a transitory and a permanent component. Comparing the model with and without stochastic volatility, it was found that the intrinsic persistence decreases when the effects of volatility are considered, while the expectation-based persistence remained unchanged. Also, the permanent component of stochastic volatility shows a jump at the end of 2003, and from this date onward remains at a lower level for a long period. Thus, the introduction of stochastic volatility with jumps and persistence based on expectations allow finding better estimates for inflationary persistence.
Non-Financial Factors as Determinants of Firm Value With Earning Management as a Moderating Variable on SRI Kehati Index in Indonesia Stock Exchange

: Nowadays, the implementation of non financial factors such as CSR Disclosure, Intellectual Capital, and Good Corporate Governance are seriously considered by many companies. The samples were the companies listed in the Stock Index of SRI-KEHATI in the period of 2012-2016. The dependent variable consisted of firm value. The independent variables consisted of CSR disclosure, Intellectual Capital and GCG. The moderating variable in this research was Earning Management. This research also used Firm Size and Profitability as the controlling variables. The data were analyzed by employing Moderating Regression Analysis. The result of the research demonstrated that: (1)The disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility had positive and insignificant influence on the firm value; (2) Intellectual Capital had a positive and significant influence on the firm value; (3) Good Corporate Governance had a positive and significant influence on the firm value; (4) Earning Management was not able to moderate the correlation between the variable of CSR and firm value; (5) Earning Management was not able to moderate the correlation between the variable of intellectual capital and firm value; (6) Earning Management was not able to moderate the correlation between the variable of good GCG and firm value; (7) Firm Size as the controlling variable had a negative and significant influence on firm value; and (8) Profitability as the controlling variable had a positive and significant influence on firm value.