Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observation of Dynamic Domain Size Variation in a Silicon‐Iron Alloy

It was recently noted that the dynamic domain structure in a ferromagnetic material may differ markedly from that observed under static conditions. In this investigation the dynamic size of magnetic domains in a rectangular single‐crystal specimen of an iron‐3% silicon alloy (2.5 cm×3.3 cm×0.22 mm with a (001) [100] orientation) was measured using the Kerr magneto‐optic effect together with high‐speed cinematography. Under dynamic conditions of a 100 Hz sinusoidal induction of saturation amplitude, the average domain width was reduced from the average static width of 2½ times the sheet thickness to about ½ this value. The finer dynamic domain structure could be ``frozen in'' by turning off the applied field during the middle of the magnetization cycle, but the original coarser structure always returned following an ac demagnetization. Measurements in the frequency range 20–100 Hz showed that above a threshold frequency domain width decreased with frequency as (f)−1/2. With a varying amplitude of induction.
Integration of auditory input with vestibular and neck proprioceptive information in the interpretation of dynamic sound localization cues

In order to measure the extent to which vestibular and proprioceptive cues influence processing of dynamic sound localization cues resulting from head rotation, we measured in passive, active, and counter rotation conditions, the ability of normally hearing listeners to localize front/rear sources of low-frequency sounds that typically cannot be accurately localized without head motion. These targets were presented during head rotations and were gated on/off as the head moved through a variable-width spatial window. In the passive condition, information about rotation carried by efference copy was minimized by passively rotating the listener's body with no neck movement, while the subject actively moved their own head on body in the active condition in order to measure for vestibular influence. The proprioceptive input from the neck was isolated by counter-rotating the body relative to the stationary head-in-space in the counter condition, which minimized vestibular input. Performance improved monotonical.
Second-order quasilinear theory of cosmic ray transport

The problem of pitch-angle diffusion close to 90° is well known in cosmic ray astrophysics. If the pitch-angle Fokker–Planck coefficient for pure slab geometry is calculated, the quasilinear approximation results in vanishing pitch-angle scattering. For a realistic wave spectrum with a steep dissipation range this vanishing coefficient generates an infinitely large parallel mean free path. It is well known from numerical simulations that the 90° problem is a problem of quasilinear theory and not a problem of reality. In the current paper quasilinear theory is used to calculate corrections of the unperturbed orbit. These corrections can be resubstituted into transport theory to calculate a second-order pitch-angle Fokker–Planck coefficient. The second-order quasilinear theory is an applicable theory which agrees with simulations for pitch-angle diffusion.
End effects in thermoelasticity

This paper derives spatial decay bounds in a dynamical problem of thermoelasticity defined on a semi-infinite cylindrical region. Previous results for isothermal elastodynamics and the parabolic heat equation lead us to suspect that the solution of the thermoelastic problem should tend to zero, faster than a decaying exponential of the distance from the finite end of the cylinder. We prove that an energy expression is actually bounded above by a decaying exponential of a quadratic polynomial of the distance. This is reminiscent of the decay rate in the second-order parabolic problems. Similar arguments are sketched for the case of a non-prismatic cylinder, and a non-linear heat conduction problem for a rigid body is considered. Some extensions and generalizations are indicated in the final section. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PSR J1341-6220 : a young pulsar in a supernova remnant

Timing observations of PSR J1341-6220 (PSR B1338-62) made over a 27 month period using the 64 m Parkes radio telescope show that this pulsar is young and located within the supernova remnant G308.8-0.1. The pulsar characteristic age of 12,000 years and its estimated distance are comparable to the corresponding estimates for the remnant, confirming the association. The location of the pulsar suggests that it plays a significant role in determining the morphology of the remnant. Two large glitches and one smaller glitch have been observed in the pulsar period since the beginning of our observations, making it the most actively glitching pulsar known
Optical flares on the RS CVn binary II Peg

During 57.4 hr of optical monitoring in the Johnson U- and B-bands of the RS CVn binary II Peg, 10 flares were detected. The absolute energies of these events are in the range 1-180×10 33 erg. This implies a flare activity in the U-band of 0.17 flares per hour, compared with 0.12 flares per hour from ultraviolet C IV data. A double power-law distribution is required to fit the cumulative flare-frequency distribution of the U-band flares
Evaluating patients’ choice of general and spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean section and associated factors: a descriptive study

Objective: During an elective cesarean section, the choice of method of anesthesia is critical for maternal and fetal outcomes. However, the anesthesiologist’s decision is dependent on the patient’s desire. This study aimed to determine the choice of general and spinal anesthesia among women undergoing elective cesarean sections and the factors affecting their choice. Methods: In this descriptive study, pregnant women who had the ability to undergo both spinal and general anesthesia were referred to public and private hospitals in (Sari Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences). A questionnaire recorded the patient’s demographic data, education and occupation, history of anesthesia, choice of anesthetic method, and reason for selection. Results: A total of 384 women were included in the study, of whom 60% selected general anesthesia and 40% selected spinal anesthesia. Among the reasons for not choosing spinal anesthesia, most common were fear of injury to the spinal cord (64.3%) and fear of seeing and hearing during the surgery (53.3%), and among the reasons for not choosing general anesthesia, most common were fear of not waking (54.3%) and a desire to be alert at the time of infant birth (40.7%). Most of the women with a history of spinal anesthesia selected spinal anesthesia (53%), and 62% of those without a history of spinal anesthesia selected general anesthesia. Factors such as age, nonmedical staff advice, and being employed were significantly correlated with the choice of anesthesia (P<0.005). Conclusion: The rate of general anesthesia selection was higher than spinal anesthesia. More attention and efforts are required to educate patients regarding the method of anesthesia prior to the surgery.
Bowel Endometriosis Management by Colorectal Resection: Laparoscopic Surgical Technique & Outcome

Background and Objectives: Bowel deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) management by colorectal resection is a complex procedure. The purpose of the present study is to delineate a meticulous approach to the assessment of the patient, step-wise surgical technique, pre, and postoperative care, and its short-term and long-term outcomes. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective study done on patients of bowel DIE managed by colorectal resection between January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2021. Results: There was a significant improvement in the symptomatology of patients post-surgery. Our surgical technique is feasible with acceptable short-term and long-term outcomes. Conclusion: Bowel DIE management can be proficiently executed with a proper diagnostic approach, appropriate surgical expertise with exhaustive pelvic anatomy knowledge especially concerning autonomic nerve plexus.
Investigating the factors that explain white matter hyperintensity load in older Indians

Abstract White matter hyperintensities are areas of hyperintense signal on MRI that typically represent cerebrovascular pathology. While focal white matter hyperintensities are common among older individuals, extensive white matter hyperintensities have been found to accelerate the progression of dementia. However, little is currently known about how various socioeconomic, health, lifestyle and environmental factors affect the severity of these lesions, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as India. We investigated this question using cross-sectional MRI data (n = 126) from a pilot neuroimaging sub-study of an ongoing, nationally representative epidemiological study of late-life cognition in India. As a screening step, we estimated white matter hyperintensity load from fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI using a fully automated technique and tested for associations with each factor separately, controlling for age, sex and estimated total intracranial volume in each case. A combined model of white matter hyperintensity load included five factors which were significant after multiple comparisons correction: systolic blood pressure, body mass index, urbanicity status (urban versus rural living), daily chore hours and the frequency of store trips. This model explained an additional 27% of the variance in white matter hyperintensity load (54 versus 27% for the baseline model with only age, sex and estimated total intracranial volume). We accounted for the possibility of reverse causality by additionally controlling for concurrent markers of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment, with no substantial change in our findings. Overall, our findings suggest that controlling high blood pressure and maintaining both a healthy body mass index and high levels of physical activity may reduce white matter hyperintensity load in older Indian adults, helping to prevent or delay dementia.
Prostatic adenocarcinoma with transitional cell features among the Saudi Arabian population: a registry review

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the third leading cause of death from cancer among American men. Acinar adenocarcinoma is the most common form of prostate cancer; however, there are several nonacinar adenocarcinoma variants, such as transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate and ductal adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on all Saudi patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the prostate with transitional cell features. The data was collected from the Saudi Cancer Registry, which collects tumor data from all private, military, and Health Ministry hospitals in Saudi Arabia through five regional offices. Results: Out of 3608 patients, only 16 (0.44%) had adenocarcinoma with transitional cell features. All the tumors under investigation were malignant and constituted. Only 6.2% of the tumors were well-differentiated, 43.8% were moderately differentiated, and 50.0% were poorly differentiated. Among the included patients, 56.3% of the patients (n=9) died. There were no significant factors associated with death among patients, including the demographic and tumor-related variables. Conclusion: To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study describing the prevalence of adenocarcinoma with transitional cell features and its characteristics in Saudi Arabia. The authors have demonstrated that this rare subtype may be more prevalent than what was originally believed. It is necessary for future studies to assess the effectiveness of various treatment modalities to combat it. Furthermore, identifying risk factors – if any – may be crucial in the prevention of its development among men worldwide.
Testing for multivariate normality via univariate tests: A case study using lead isotope ratio data

Samples from ore bodies, mined for copper in antiquity, can be characterized by measurements on three lead isotope ratios. Given sufficient samples, it is possible to estimate the lead isotope field-a three-dimensional construct-that characterizes the ore body. For the purposes of estimating the extent of a field, or assessing whether bronze artefacts could have been made using copper from a particular field, it is often assumed that fields have a trivariate normal distribution. Using recently published data, for which the sample sizes are larger than usual, this paper casts doubt on this assumption. A variety of tests of univariate normality are applied, both to the original lead isotope ratios and to transformations of them based on principal component analysis; the paper can be read as a case study in the use of tests of univariate normality for assessing multivariate normality. This is not an optimal approach, but is sufficient in the cases considered to suggest that fields are, in fact, 'non-normal'. A direct test of multivariate normality confirms this. Some implications for the use of lead isotope ratio data in archaeology are discussed.
Craniopharyngioma surgery for rhinologists

Purpose of review Craniopharyngiomas are rare tumors that that present with loss of pituitary function in most cases. They present in a bimodal age distribution and the most common treatment paradigms include gross total resection or subtotal resection followed by radiation. Endoscopic transnasal access to intradural tumors has become increasingly common due to improvements in equipment, increased familiarity with the surgical corridor and anatomy, and reconstruction techniques. As such, rhinologists play an increasingly important role in the management of craniopharyngiomas. Recent findings Recent years have highlighted our growing experience with pediatric endonasal skull base surgery. Prior concerns including sphenoid pneumatization, midfacial growth restrictions, and intercarotid space limitations have been studied more extensively. It has been found that there are no increased complications with lack of sphenoid pneumatization, no changes to midfacial growth with endonasal techniques, and the inter-carotid distance is stable after around age 5. Advances in surgical and skull base reconstruction techniques and intraoperative monitoring have reduced the risks of complications from surgery. Summary Rhinologists play an important role in craniopharyngioma surgery. The approach to and reconstruction after tumor removal are vital portions of the procedure that allow for resection and prevent postsurgical complications.
Wavefront-guided PRK treatment of myopia using a refractive aberrometer

A prospective multicentered wavefront-guided PRK clinical study using an aberrometer that incorporated a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor demonstrated good predictability and visual outcomes, and favorable patient-reported outcomes for the correction of myopia. Purpose: To evaluate the safety, effectiveness, and patient-reported outcomes of wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for the correction of myopic refractive errors with and without astigmatism. Setting: U.S. multicenter study. Design: Prospective, nonrandomized clinical investigation. Methods: 334 eyes (167 patients) underwent wavefront-guided PRK with the STAR S4 IR Excimer Laser System. Patients had preoperative myopic refractive errors with sphere up to −8.00 diopters (D) and cylinder up to −4.00 D with a maximum spherical equivalent (SE) of −10.00 D. All eyes were targeted for emmetropia, and treatment plans were derived from the iDESIGN system wavefront measurements. Results: At 6 months, the point of refractive stability, 99.4% of eyes achieved 20/20 or better uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), 92% of eyes achieved 20/16 or better UDVA, 85.5% of eyes achieved manifest refraction SE (MRSE) within 0.50 D of target, mean SE was −0.06, and less than 1% of eyes lost more than 2 lines of corrected distance visual acuity. Glare and halos occurred with similar or lower frequencies at 6 months vs preoperative. Results from the National Eye Institute Refractive Error Quality of life questionnaire showed statistically significant improvements at 6 months vs preoperative across most measures of vision-related functioning and well-being. Approximately 98% of patients reported high satisfaction with their overall vision at 6 months. Conclusions: Wavefront-guided PRK with the iDESIGN aberrometer was safe, effective, and predictable for the correction of low to moderate myopia with and without astigmatism and led to high patient satisfaction.
The largest eigenvalue of a graph: A survey

This article is a survey of results concerning the largest eigenvalue (or index) of a grapn, catcgoiizeu as follows (1) inequalities lor the index, (2) graph with bounded index, (3) ordering graphs by their indices, (4) graph operations and modifications, (5) random graphs, (6) applications.
Longitudinal Effects of Traditional and Rest Redistribution Set Configurations on Explosive-Strength and Strength-Endurance Manifestations

Abstract Janicijevic, D, González-Hernández, JM, Jiménez-Reyes, P, Márquez, G, and García-Ramos, A. Longitudinal effects of traditional and rest redistribution set configurations on explosive-strength and strength-endurance manifestations. J Strength Cond Res 37(5): 980–986, 2023—This study aimed to compare the long-term effects of resistance training programs based on traditional and rest redistribution set configurations on explosive-strength and strength-endurance performance of lower-body and upper-body muscles. Thirty physically active men were randomly assigned to a traditional group (TRG: 6 sets of 5 repetitions with 3 minutes of interset rest) or a rest redistribution group (RRG: 30 sets of 1 repetition with 31 seconds of interrepetition rest). The training program lasted 6 weeks (2 sessions·wk−1), and in each training session, the squat and bench press exercises were performed with maximal concentric effort against approximately the 75% of the 1 repetition maximum. Before and after training, explosive-strength performance (peak velocity reached at submaximal loads during the countermovement jump and bench press throw) and strength-endurance performance (mean set velocity of 10 repetitions using both traditional and cluster sets in the squat and bench press) were assessed. Significant improvements in all dependent variables were observed after training for both the TRG (p ≤ 0.004; effect size [ES] = 0.63–3.06) and RRG (p ≤ 0.001; ES = 0.58–3.23). The magnitude of the changes was comparable for both groups with the only exception of the larger improvements observed in the RRG for the bench press mean set velocity using both traditional (ES = 0.77) and cluster (ES = 0.82) set configurations. Traditional and rest redistribution set configurations are equally effective to improve lower-body explosive strength, lower-body strength endurance, and upper-body explosive strength, whereas rest redistribution set configurations could induce greater adaptations in upper-body strength endurance.
Chemical Modifications and Design Influence the Potency of Huntingtin Anti-Gene Oligonucleotides

Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative, trinucleotide repeat (TNR) disorder affecting both males and females. It is caused by an abnormal increase in the length of CAG•CTG TNR in exon 1 of the Huntingtin gene (HTT). The resultant, mutant HTT mRNA and protein cause neuronal toxicity, suggesting that reduction of their levels would constitute a promising therapeutic approach. We previously reported a novel strategy in which chemically modified oligonucleotides (ONs) directly target chromosomal DNA. These anti-gene ONs were able to downregulate both HTT mRNA and protein. In this study, various locked nucleic acid (LNA)/DNA mixmer anti-gene ONs were tested to investigate the effects of varying ON length, LNA content, and fatty acid modification on HTT expression. Altering the length did not significantly influence the ON potency, while LNA content was critical for activity. Utilization of palmitoyl-modified LNA monomers enhanced the ON activity relatively to the corresponding nonmodified LNA under serum starvation conditions. Furthermore, the number of palmitoylated LNA monomers and their positioning greatly affected ON potency. In addition, we performed RNA sequencing analysis, which showed that the anti-gene ONs affect the “immune system process, mRNA processing, and neurogenesis. ” Furthermore, we observed that for repeat containing genes, there is a higher tendency for antisense off-targeting. Taken together, our findings provide an optimized design of anti-gene ONs that could potentially be developed as DNA-targeting therapeutics for this class of TNR-related diseases.
Bridges of the B(pL, pL′) Kind around Triangular Libration Points

The bridges connecting long- and short-period families around equilateral equilibrium points have been widely studied. However, all the bridges found until now have been of the B(qS,qS′), B(qS,(q + 1)S′) kind (periodic families connecting two short-period orbits) or the B(pL,qS) kind (periodic families connecting one long-period orbit and one short-period orbit). In this paper, we introduce a new kind of bridge, B(pL,pL′), which connects two long-period orbits. Only for specific intervals of μ does this kind of bridge exist.
Associations of ARMS2 and NR3C2 genes polymorphisms with central serous chorioretinopathy in a Greek population

Background Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is characterized by serous detachment of the central neurosensory retina and it is one of the most common retinal disorders. Various genetic polymorphisms have been associated with CSCR development. Methods The aim of our study was to investigate the potential association between ARMS2 (rs10490924) and NR3C2 (rs2070951 and rs5522) genes polymorphisms and CSCR development in a well defined Greek cohort for the first time in literature. We enrolled, in our case-control study, 48 CSCR patients and 137 controls. The ARMS2 (rs10490924) and NR3C2 (rs2070951 and rs5522) genes polymorphisms were analyzed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays. Results In our study, we found significant associations between ARMS2rs10490924 and NR3C2rs2070951 single nucleotide polymorphisms and CSCR development. Specifically, the GTrs10490924 genotype frequency of the ARMS2 gene was found to be significantly associated with risk of CSCR and T allele of rs10490924ARMS2 gene was also found to increase risk for CSCR. The genotype frequency GC and CC of rs2070951NR3C2 gene were observed more frequently in CSCR patients than controls and C allele of rs2070951NR3C2 gene was also observed more frequently in CSCR patients than controls. Rs5522 of NR3C2 gene polymorphism was not found to be significantly associated with CSCR. Conclusion Our findings showed, for the first time in a Greek population, that SNPs in the ARMS2 and NR3C2 genes are significantly associated with risk of CSCR. The results of this study support the involvement of extracellular matrix (ARMS2 gene) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in the pathogenesis of CSCR.