Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Collaborative and Non- Collaborative Approaches to Teaching Reading Strategies on Iranian efl Learners’ Reading Comprehension and Attitude toward Reading

In an EFL context reading is a very important skill in language learning. This study aims at finding if instruction of reading strategies in two different collaborative and non-collaborative approaches affects reading comprehension and attitude toward reading differently. Forty-five Iranian adult female EFL learners at pre-intermediate general English proficiency level in Iran Language Institute (ili) were selected and divided into three groups of 15 students. One group functioning as the control group did not receive any strategy instruction; the second group, as the first experimental group, received reading strategy instruction in collaborative groups (Collaborative Strategic Reading or csr), and the third group considered as the second experimental group received reading strategy instruction in a non-collaborative way. A reading comprehension test and a reading attitude questionnaire were given to all three groups at the beginning of the term as pretests and after the experiment as posttests. The results obtained through one-way anova indicated that though both experimental groups outperformed the control group, there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups in reading comprehension and attitude toward reading. Therefore, it is up to teachers to weigh the advantages of using the collaborative approach to teaching reading against its disadvantages.
A narrative exploration of girls' experiences in elective physical education : why do they continue?

Physical inactivity is a serious public health concern in Canada, especially among the country‘s youth. Adolescent girls, in particular, suffer many life-long consequences due to inactivity. Physical Education (PE) can offer a solution. However, the vast majority of girls discontinue enrollment in PE as soon as the mandatory credits are met. Tailored PE courses designed to meet the needs and interests of girls may motivate girls to continue participating in PE. This narrative inquiry explored three girls‘ stories of their past experiences in elementary, middle, and high school PE, as well as their current experiences in a tailored elective PE course entitled Girls Actively Living (GAL). The goals of this study were to explore how the girls‘ experiences with the course content, learning environment, and assessment in GAL affected their perceptions of physical education. Additionally, it was of interest how their experiences outside of PE influenced their desire to continue in elective PE and how their experiences in GAL affected their perceptions of physical activity. Findings emphasized the importance of (a) variety and cooperation within PE course content, (b) a fun and welcoming PE learning environment, (c) fair and private assessment, and (d) feelings of confidence, social safety, and competence for girls in PE.
Nutritional considerations for horses with colitis. Part 2: Parenteral nutrition, new nutritional considerations and specific dietary recommendations

Summary Horses with colitis often do not have adequate voluntary intake of feeds to support recovery. In addition, they may not tolerate forced enteral feeding, due to ileus, abdominal distention, or colic. Parenteral nutrition is the appropriate form of nutritional support in these cases. This review provides guidelines for selection of cases for parenteral nutrition (PN), as well as steps to institute it. Guidelines for dextrose and insulin therapy are also provided. New nutritional considerations, as well as probiotics, for critically ill horses are discussed. Recommendations are provided for specific forms of colonic disorders.
Impact of Ureteral Double J Stenting on Kidney Transplant Outcome at Duhok Transplant Center, Iraq

Background: Renaltransplantisconsideredthetreatmentof choiceforendstagerenaldisease. Duringthetransplantation,stents are placed routinely at duhok transplant center (DTC) to protect the ureter-bladder anastomosis and to decrease anastomosis-related complications. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) and other postoperative complications in patients undergoing renal transplant with or without stent insertion. Methods: All recipients of kidney transplantation at DTC between January 2012 and December 2013 took part in this study. The patients were followed up at the same center and those who developed post-operative complications were referred back to DTC for management. The study included data of following up the patients for 12 months. Results: No signiﬁcant diﬀerence was found in GFR between the two groups 12 months after transplant (Mean ± SD: 74.11 ± 12.2 for stented group versus 77.4 ± 14.6 for non-stented group, U test, P > 0.05). 29.4% (10/34) of stented patients developed UTI in the ﬁrst 14 days, while only 7.4% (2/27) of the patients in the non-stented group developed this complication (P = 0.045) (OR: 5; CI 95 : 1-26.3). 44% (15/34) of the stented subjects developed late UTI which was signiﬁcantly higher than that found in non-stented group where only 20.8% (5/24) of subjects developed UTI (P = 0.039) (OR: 3.5; CI 95 : 1-11.3). Conclusions: Stents increased the risks of urological infections and might have a detrimental eﬀect on graft survival. It might be inferred that stenting should not be placed routinely; but only used in selective patients with strong indications.
Profile of Adverse Drug Reactions in TB Patients Taking ATT

Department of Pulmonary Medicine, S.S. M.C Rewa ABSTRACT INTRODUCTIONTuberculosis treatment need more than one drug combination to eradicate tuberculosis bacteria. 2 The use of multidrug regimens has been associated with increased incidence of adverse drug reactions of anti-tubercular drugs. Hence, there is a need to monitor the adverse effects of antitubercular drugs in a hospital set up. METHODOLOGYInformation on any past or current occurrence of adverse effects due to the ATT drugs being administered to the patients was collected. Frequency distribution tables were prepared from the collected data. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONIn our study Gastrointestinal symptoms like Anorexia, Vomiting, Nausea, abdominal pain were the most commonly reported ADRs followed by headache and tingling and burning sensation in hands and feet. Similar adverse effects were reported in other studies. Adverse drug reactions were more frequently and more severely reported among females and elderly patients (>60yrs). CONCLUSIONAdverse drug reactions among patients taking anti tubercular treatment is common, So identification of such adverse effect and prompt management will definitely be very helpful for a successful anti tubercular chemotherapy.
Everything makes sense once given context

Apparently, Edhem Eldem found my article summarizing the Torossian debates, published in this journal, extremely biased. For this reason, he took up the task of responding. Unfortunately, he does not point out which information given in my article was wrong. Moreover, I find his title ‘shameful debate’ very unfortunate. My feeling from reading Edhem’s response was that he is unaware of the newest developments in the Torossian debate and thus his approach is a bit outdated. What surprised me the most is Edhem Eldem’s treatment of Hakan Erdem’s book on the Torossian debates as a legitimate source! I have to remind the reader here that Erdem’s book is the only source that attempts to prove Torossian’s story to be full of fabrications. However, I have already demonstrated extensively in two different articles that Erdem’s claims (especially those related to Torossian’s family and life in the USA) are completely false. Edhem Eldem’s continued use of this book as credible evidence of Torossian’s fraudulence, even when Hakan Erdem himself did not—and could not—write a single word to defend his book, is a serious problem. The Torossian memoirs are a more authentic and important source than Erdem’s book! If Edhem Eldem demonstrates convincingly why we should continue to regard Erdem’s book as a reliable source on this matter, I will be happy to oblige. For the sake of discussion, let us adopt Edhem’s viewpoint of there being two sides to this debate, namely ‘anti-Torossian’ and ‘pro-Torossian’. One side argues that Torossian’s published memoirs are completely fictional (mainly, Hakan Erdem’s book), while the other admits that there may be exaggerations and mistakes, yet nevertheless accepts that the memoirs represent a real account of Torossian’s life. Throughout his article, Edhem gives the impression that the fictional nature of the book has already been evidenced successfully, and thus continuing to insist on the authenticity of the information provided by Torossian is unwarranted. For Edhem, it is self-evident that the Torossian book is not, in fact, a historical text at all but simply a novel written purely from imagination. I would like to emphasize again: the above-mentioned book by Hakan Erdem, which Edhem uses to substantiate these claims, has already been proven to be irrelevant and should be completely discarded. What I was looking for in Edhem Eldem’s article was how exactly Hakan Erdem succeeded in demonstrating that Torossian’s book is a ‘fabrication’. In fact, Edhem provides only one, solitary piece of information that is important: Torossian never graduated from the Military Academy! Edhem’s argument is based on the fact that Torossian entered the US and yet never declared his profession as ‘army officer’, but instead declared it as ‘merchant’. This matter is indeed problematic; however, it provides a great example
Diversity and Domestication Status of Spider Plant (Gynandropsis gynandra, L.) amongst Sociolinguistic Groups of Northern Namibia

Knowledge on the diversity and domestication levels of the spider plant (Gynandropsis gynandra) has the potential to affect pre-breeding for client-preferred traits, yet information is scarce in Namibia due to limited research. We investigated indigenous knowledge on the species diversity and domestication levels in the regions of Kavango West, Ohangwena, Omusati, Oshana, and Oshikoto of northern Namibia. Semi-structured interviews involving 100 randomly selected farming households, four key informant interviews, and a focus group discussion were conducted. Descriptive and chi-square tests were conducted using IBM SPSS version 20. Out of the possible four morphotypes, the results suggested that only one with green stem and green petiole existed and was associated with soils rich in organic manure. Spider plant abundance was reported to be on the decline, due to declining soil fertility. On a scale of 0 (wild species) to 6 (highest level of domestication), an index of 1.56 was found and this implied very low domestication levels. Furthermore, the study found significant differences in the trends of domestication across the sociolinguistic groups (χ2 (12, N = 98) = 46.9, p < 0.001) and regions studied (χ2 (12, N = 100) = 47.8, p < 0.001), suggesting cultural and geographical influences. In conclusion, the findings constituted an important precedent for guiding subsequent pre-breeding efforts.
A study of the legal involvement of new patient attenders at a Dublin alcohol treatment unit

Abstract Objective: To determine the influence of the legal system on new attenders at an alcohol treatment unit. Method: One hundred and forty seven new patient referrals to an alcohol unit were examined prospectively over a four month period. Data were obtained by standard psychiatric interview, drinking history inventory, Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire and a detailed questionnaire of present and past legal involvement. Subjects were then followed up and the numbers remaining in treatment after the first visit and after one month ascertained. Results: Both legally referred and non-legally referred groups had significant past legal involvement while those attending under legal pressure were found to be as severely addicted as other referral types and to have no greater drop out rate from treatment. Conclusion: It is suggested that legally pressured attenders should be accepted into treatment as readily as other referral types and that greater liaison between the criminal justice system and alcohol treatment units is required.
miR-486 as an unfavorable prognostic biomarker for patients with non-small cell lung cancer

Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common malignant tumor in China. miR-486 was found to be associated with many tumors. In previous study, we aimed to investigate the expression and prognostic value of miR-486 in patients with NSCLC. Methods In order to measure the expression of miR-486 in 140 NSCLC patients, in situ hybridization (ISH) was made. The staining of miR-486 was scored by two independent investigators. Then, the prognostic value of miR-486 was evaluated by plotting Kaplan-Meier survival curves and making multivariate analysis. Results miR-486 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. miR-486 expression was corrected with tumor differentiation (P=0.011) but not with any other clinicopathological characteristics. However, high expression of miR-486 was significantly correlated with shortened overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients (P=0.001), especially in stage I patients (P=0.005). Multivariate analysis revealed that miR-486 was an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC patients (P=0.002). Conclusions miR-486 high expression predicts poor survival in patients with NSCLC. miR-486 could be used as an unfavorable prognostic biomarker for NSCLC patients.
Local authorities’ attitude towards people with mental illness in Musanze District, Rwanda

Introduction: Mental illnesses (MIs) are currently contributing to the worldwide burden of disease and they are among 10 main causes of disability on worldwide. In addition, mental Health care users are among the people most stigmatized by the general population which includes local leaders. Methods: The design used for conducting this study was quantitative and cross-sectional survey and the study was conducted in Muhoza sector of Musanze District in Rwanda. The tool used to correct data was self-report questionnaire that included socio-demographic variables (gender, age, experience and level of education), level of contact scale and community attitudes towards mental illness - Swedish version (CAMI-S). In this study self-report questionnaire was provided to the local authorities in Muhoza sector (n=123, N=174). Data analysis was done using a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22. Results: Findings from the current study revealed negative stereotypical attitudes among local authorities towards people with mental illness. The participants’ total score on the CAMI-S was ranging between 24% and 81%. In addition, the study revealed some contradictions and neutral responses. Less negative stereotypical attitudes were found among participants who have university and secondary education levels than participants with primary education and those who have not completed primary school. In addition, participants with more experience in local government system reflected less negative stereotypical attitudes than participants who are less experienced in local government system. This study showed a negative correlation between level of contact and community attitudes towards mental illness. Conclusion: Local authorities in a selected sector of Musanze District, hold negative stereotypical attitudes towards people with mental disorders. However, the extent of contradiction within participant responses suggests social desirability bias. Also, there is association between negative stereotypical attitudes and the level of education and experience. Finally, the results suggest that familiarity has a mediating effect on negative stereotypical attitudes. Keywords: Local authorities, mental illness, negative stereotypical attitudes, familiarity, sector
Potentially inappropriate prescribing in elderly population: A study in medicine out-patient department

Background & Objectives: Older individuals often suffer from multiple systemic diseases and are particularly more vulnerable to potentially inappropriate medicine prescribing. Inappropriate medication can cause serious medical problem for the elderly. The study was conducted with objectives to determine the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medicine (PIM) prescribing in older Nepalese patients in a medicine outpatient department. Materials & Methods: A prospective observational analysis of drugs prescribed in medicine out-patient department (OPD) of a tertiary hospital of central Nepal was conducted during November 2012 to October 2013 among 869 older adults aged 65 years and above. The use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) in elderly patients was analysed using Beer’s Criteria updated to 2013. Results: In the 869 patients included, the average number of drugs prescribed per prescription was 5.56. The most commonly used drugs were atenolol (24.3%), amlodipine (23.16%), paracetamol (17.6%), salbutamol (15.72%) and vitamin B complex (13.26%). The total number of medications prescribed was 4833. At least one instance of PIM was experienced by approximately 26.3% of patients when evaluated using the Beers criteria. Conclusion: Potentially inappropriate medications are highly prevalent among older patients attending medical OPD and are associated with number of medications prescribed. Further research is warranted to study the impact of PIMs towards health related outcomes in these elderly.
The longitudinal and reciprocal relationships between selfie-related behaviors and self-objectification and appearance concerns among adolescents

A few cross-sectional studies have found that selfie-related behaviors have positive associations with self-objectification or appearance concerns, but little is known about whether bidirectional relationships exist between selfie behaviors and these body-related variables over time. The present study examined the reciprocal relationships between selfie-related behaviors and both self-objectification and appearance concerns among adolescents using a longitudinal design. Chinese adolescent boys and girls completed questionnaires at baseline and at 6-month follow-up. The key constructs included selfie-posting, selfie-editing, selfie-viewing, self-objectification, facial dissatisfaction, and body dissatisfaction. Results indicated that selfie-editing, but not selfie-posting, predicted increases in adolescents’ self-objectification and appearance concerns (both body and face) over time. Selfie-viewing predicted increases in self-objectification and facial dissatisfaction, but not body dissatisfaction over time. In the other direction, adolescents’ antecedent levels of self-objectification predicted increases in subsequent selfie-related behaviors. In addition, adolescents’ facial dissatisfaction positively predicted selfie-viewing and selfie-editing but not selfie-posting over time, whereas body dissatisfaction had no influence on subsequent selfie-related behaviors among adolescents. Findings from this study provide new insights into the reciprocal relationships between selfie-related behaviors and body image.
Community Resilience to Climate Change: Theory, Research and Practice

This paper reviews the long tradition of city-scale climatological and meteorological applications prior to the emergence in the 1990s of early work on the urban/global climate change interface. It shows how ‘valuing and seeing the urban’ came to be achieved within modern scientific meteorology and how in a limited but significant set of cases that science has contributed to urban practice. The paper traces the evolution of urban climatology since 1950 as a distinct research field within physical geography and meteorology, and its transition from observational monographs to process modelling; reviews the precedents, successful or otherwise, of knowledge transfer from science into public action through climatically aware regulation or design of urban environment; and notes the neglect of these precedents in contemporary climate change discourse—a serious omission.
White Matter Network Alterations in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients

Previous studies have revealed the occurrence of alterations of white matter (WM) and grey matter (GM) microstructures in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and their prodromal state amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In general, these alterations can be studied comprehensively by modeling the brain as a complex network, which describes many important topological properties, such as the small-world property, modularity, and efficiency. In this study, we systematically investigated white matter abnormalities using unbiased whole brain network analysis. We compared regional and network related WM features between groups of 19 AD and 25 MCI patients and 22 healthy controls (HC) using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), network based statistics (NBS) and graph theoretical analysis. We did not find significant differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) between two groups on TBSS analysis. However, observable alterations were noticed at a network level. Brain network measures such as global efficiency and small world properties were low in AD patients compared to HCs.
Glaciation’s topographic control on Holocene erosion at the eastern edge of the Alps

What is the influence of glacial processes in driving erosion and uplift across the European Alps? It has largely been argued that repeated erosion and glaciation sustain isostatic uplift and topography in a decaying orogen. But some parts of the Alps may still be actively uplifting via deep lithospheric processes. We add insight to this debate by isolating the role of post-glacial topographic forcing on erosion rates. To do this, we quantify the topographic signature of past glaciation on millennial-scale erosion rates in previously glaciated and unglaciated catchments at the easternmost edge of the Austrian Alps. Newly measured catchment-wide erosion rates, determined from cosmogenic 10Be in river-borne quartz, correlate with basin relief and mean slope. GISderived slope–elevation and slope–area distributions across catchments provide clear topographic indicators of the degree of glacial preconditioning, which further correlates with erosion rates. Erosion rates in the easternmost, non-glaciated basins range from 40 to 150 mm ky−1 and likely reflect underlying tectonic forcings in this region, which have previously been attributed to recent (post 5 Ma) uplift. By contrast, erosion rates in previously glaciated catchments range from 170 to 240 mm ky−1 and reflect the erosional response to local topographic preconditioning by repeated glaciations. Together, these data suggest that Holocene erosion across the Eastern Alps is strongly shaped by the local topography relict from previous glaciations. Broader, landscape-wide forcings, such as the widely debated deep mantle-driven or isostatically driven uplift, result in lesser controls on both topography and erosion rates in this region. Comparing our data to previously published erosion rates across the Alps, we show that post-glacial erosion rates vary across more than 2 orders of magnitude. This high variation in post-glacial erosion may reflect combined effects of direct tectonic and modern climatic forcings but is strongly overprinted by past glacial climate and its topographic legacy.