Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incidental Node Metastasis as an Independent Factor of Worse Disease-Free Survival in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Simple Summary Papillary thyroid cancer is treated mainly by thyroidectomy surgery. The surrounding lymph nodes are not usually resected unless it is known before surgery that they are metastatic, and then all adjacent lymph nodes are resected (named the central compartment neck dissection). However, some lymph nodes could be incidentally resected with the thyroid, sometimes containing metastasis, but this does not mean that the central compartment neck dissection was performed properly. This study aimed to test whether these patients with incidental metastatic nodes had higher treatment failure rates. We found that they indeed had higher rates of treatment failure, even when compared to patients with clinically evident central compartment node metastasis that were submitted to proper neck dissection. We suggest that these patients must be closely followed to detect signs of treatment failure early and to provide prompt treatment. Abstract Introduction: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) have high node metastasis rates. Occasionally after thyroidectomy, the pathological report reveals node metastasis unintentionally resected. The present study aimed to evaluate the prognosis of these patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort of patients submitted to thyroidectomy with or without central compartment neck dissection (CCND) due to PTC with a minimum follow-up of five years. Results: A total of 698 patients were included: 320 Nx, 264 pN0-incidental, 37 pN1a-incidental, 32 pN0-CCND and 45 pN1a-CCND. Patients with node metastasis were younger, had larger tumors, higher rates of microscopic extra-thyroidal extension, and angiolymphatic invasion and most received radioiodine therapy. Treatment failure was higher in patients pN1a-incidental and pN1a-CCND (32% and 16%, respectively; p < 0.001—Chi-square test). Disease-free survival (DFS) was lower in patients pN1a-incidental compared to patients Nx and pN0-incidental (p < 0.001 vs. Nx and pN0-incidental and p = 0.005 vs. pN0-CCND) but similar when compared to patients pN1a-CCND (p = 0.091)—Log-Rank test. Multivariate analysis demonstrated as independent risk factors: pT4a (HR = 5.524; 95%CI: 1.380–22.113; p = 0.016), pN1a-incidental (HR = 3.691; 95%CI: 1.556–8.755; p = 0.003), microscopic extra-thyroidal extension (HR = 2.560; 95%CI: 1.303–5.030; p = 0.006) and angiolymphatic invasion (HR = 2.240; 95%CI: 1.077–4.510; p = 0.030). Conclusion: Patients that were pN1a-incidental were independently associated with lower DFS.
Microchannel flow in the slip regime: gas-kinetic BGK–Burnett solutions

In the first part of this paper presents a gas-kinetic scheme based on the Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (BGK) model for the microflow simulations in the near continuum flow regime. The current method improves the previous gas-kinetic BGK Navier–Stokes (BGK–NS) solver by (i) implementing a general non-equilibrium state based on the Chapman–Enskog expansion of the BGK model up to the Knudsen number squared $(\hbox{\it Kn})^2$ in the gas distribution function, (ii) using the compatibility condition to evaluate all high-order time derivative terms in the Chapman–Enskog expansion, and (iii) implementing the kinetic boundary condition for the gas distribution function to obtain ‘slip’ boundary automatically. As a result, the gas-kinetic BGK–Burnett scheme improves the validity of the BGK–NS solver for the microchannel flow simulations even in the slip flow regime, where the Navier–Stokes equations with the slip boundary conditions are considered to be legitimately valid. Owing to the correction to the heat transport in the energy flux, the Prandtl number in the gas-kinetic BGK–Burnett method can take any value to capture both viscous and heat conduction effects. Since the current method is based on the direct evaluation of the gas distribution function and captures its time evolution, it is different from those methods that are based on the macroscopic Burnett or extended hydrodynamic equations. The second part of this paper is about the application of the newly developed gas-kinetic BGK–Burnett method in the microchannel flows. First, we verify the method in the pressure- and external-force-driven Poiseuille flows, where the reliable direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) results are available. In the study of Poiseuille flow with $\hbox{\it Kn}=0.1$, the qualitative differences in the pressure distribution in the cross-stream direction between the Navier–Stokes and the DSMC results are resolved by the gas-kinetic BGK–Burnett scheme. It demonstrates that the BGK–Burnett method could give a more realistic description of flow motion than the Navier–Stokes method even in the slip flow regime. After that, the current method is used to simulate the microchannel flows, where the experimental data are available. In this study, the similarity in the pressure distribution along the straight microchannel is verified first. Then, the mass flow rates for different gases, such as argon, helium and nitrogen, in the long microchannel of submicron height are computed and compared with the experimental measurements.
Rotating spokes and self-organization in an inductive pulsed plasma thruster

An experimental study of azimuthally rotating spokes in the plasma sheet of an inductive pulsed plasma thruster is presented. High-speed imaging reveals the formation of spokes with mode number ≈ 18 for a range of background pressure and coil discharge conditions. The spoke widths increase and the corresponding spoke orders decrease through an inverse cascade of energy flowing from higher-order to lower-order spokes, resulting in a more uniform plasma sheet. Secondary plasma sheets form in the half-cycle of the current discharge following primary sheet formation. It is observed that the plasma sheet forms earlier in the discharge as the pre-ionizer discharge energy increases, and increasing the background pressure results in higher uniformity when the other conditions are held constant. Spokes rotate predominantly in the E⃗×B⃗ drift direction at speeds on the order of critical ionization velocity, and orders of magnitude smaller than the E⃗×B⃗ drift speed. Simultaneously counter-rotating spokes are observed under various operating conditions.
Existence of scattering atmospheres near luminous, magnetized compact objects

We show that scattering atmospheres exist in the magnetospheres of luminous compact objects from considerations of resonance effects in magnetic Compton scattering. These regions of stable equilibria are formed by a balance between the forces of gravity and resonant Compton scattering, and could be important in spectral models of white dwarfs and neutron stars
Random intersection graphs when m= w (n): an equivalence theorem relating the evolution of the G ( n, m, p ) and G ( n,P /italic>) models

When the random intersection graph G(n, m, p) proposed by Karonski, Scheinerman, and Singer-Cohen [Combin Probab Comput 8 (1999), 131–159] is compared with the independent-edge G(n, p), the evolutions are different under some values of m and equivalent under others. In particular, when m=nα and α>6, the total variation distance between the graph random variables has limit 0. ©2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 16, 156–176, 2000
MYCOPLASMA CONTAMINATION OF BULL SEMEN USED FOR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION

Technologies of artificial insemination of cattle are actively used in livestock farms in Russia. At the same time, quality control of semen production does not involve testing the bull semen for microorganisms of the genus Mycoplasma. The active use of molecular genetic methods allows for the rapid determination and species identification of pathogenic mycoplasmas; however, it does not indicate the viability of the identified pathogen. The paper aims to study mycoplasma contamination of semen products presented on the Russian market and determine the conformity of the results of the Polymerase Chain Reaction [PCR] method and the traditionally used microbiological method. The paper presents the results of the first Russian study of the occurrence and viability of pathogenic species Mycoplasma bovis, M. bovigenitalium, M. californicum, and Ureaplasma diversum in semen production. We investigated 447 samples of cryopreserved semen of bulls-producers of various breeds from Russian breeding centers and breeding farms of the USA, Great Britain, and the Netherlands, supplying these products to the Russian market. The analysis shows a high frequency of occurrence in the bull semen of DNA of microorganisms of the genus Mycoplasma (up to 70.9%). Besides, M. bovigenitalium appeared to be the most frequently detected type of mycoplasma from those tested. Cases of identifying several types of mycoplasmas in one sample were revealed: in 58.8% of the studied samples of semen products from Russian farms and 15% of semen samples from international breeding centers. The viability of mycoplasmas that were positive according to PCR analysis when testing 65 samples was demonstrated using the microbiological method for 94% of samples. The correspondence of the results of microbiological and molecular genetic detection of mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas was 88.3%. The results obtained indicate the prevalence of mycoplasmas in semen production and the need to improve the control system of breeding material in order to prevent the spread of mycoplasma infections of cattle using artificial insemination technologies.
Conditioning induced placebo-like and nocebo-like effects of thermal discomfort in adults but not in youth

Introduction Conditioning can be used to modulate the perception of pain, in the form of placebo and nocebo effects. Previous studies show inconsistent results as to whether adolescents show similar, weaker, or non-significant conditioned placebo and nocebo effects compared to effects found in adults. There are suggestions that such differences (if any) may dependent on the cues used in the thermal conditioning paradigms. Therefore, in this current study, we utilized novel, neutral 3D-shaped visual cues to implicitly induce conditioned placebo-like and nocebo-like effects in adolescents and adults. Methods During the conditioning paradigm, distinct cues (Fribbles) were paired with low and high temperatures in 24 adults and 20 adolescents (mean age = 25.5 years). In the testing phase, these conditioned cues as well as a neutral (unconditioned) cue were presented with moderate temperatures. Results Thermal discomfort of moderate temperatures was lower when presented with the conditioned low heat cue (placebo-like effect) and higher when thermal stimuli were presented with the high heat cue (nocebo-like effect) compared to the neutral cue. The effects were driven by adults, as neither the placebo-like nor the nocebo-like effect was significant in adolescents. The difference between adolescents and adults was not explained by differences in temperature or discomfort levels, as adults and adolescents had comparable calibrated temperatures and levels of discomfort during heat stimuli. Conclusion Our findings suggest that thermal perception in adolescents is less influenced by conditioning to an engaging novel visual cue, compared to adults. Our work may have implications for better understanding the scope and limitations of conditioning as a key mechanism of placebo and nocebo effects in youth.
Volumetric evaluation of the sphenoid sinus among different races in the Southeast Asian (SEA) population: a computerized tomography study

Introduction: The fundament of forensic science lies in identifying a body. The morphological complexity of the paranasal sinus (PNS), which varies greatly amongst individual, possess a discriminatory value that potentially contributes to the radiological identification. The sphenoid bone represents the keystone of the skull and forms part of the cranial vault. It is intimately associated with vital neurovascular structures. The sphenoid sinus, located within the body of the sphenoid bone, has variable morphology. The sphenoid septum's inconsistent position and the degree, as well as the direction disparities of sinus pneumatization, have indeed accorded it a unique structure in providing invaluable information in forensic personnel identification. Additionally, the sphenoid sinus is situated deep within the sphenoid bone. Therefore, it is well protected from traumatic degradation from external causes and can be potentially utilized in forensic studies. The authors aim to study the possibility of variation among the race, and gender in the Southeast Asian (SEA) population, using volumetric measurements of the sphenoid sinus. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of computerized tomographic (CT) imaging of the PNS of 304 patients (167 males, 137 females) in a single centre. The volume of the sphenoid sinus was reconstructed and measured using commercial real-time segmentation software. Result: The total volume of sphenoid sinus of male gender had shown to be larger, 12.22 (4.93 - 21.09) cm3 compared to the counterpart of 10.19 (3.75 - 18.72) cm3 (p = .0090). The Chinese possessed a larger total sphenoid sinus volume, 12.96 (4.62 - 22.21) cm3) than the Malays, 10.68 (4.13 - 19.25) cm3 (p = .0057). No correlation was identified between the age and volume of the sinus (cc= -.026, p = .6559). Conclusion: The sphenoid sinus volume in males was found to be larger than those of females. It was also shown that race influences sinus volume. Volumetric analysis of the sphenoid sinus can potentially be utilized in gender and race determination. The current study provided normative data on the sphenoid sinus volume in the SEA region, which can be helpful for future studies.
Efficient thermal error prediction in a machine tool using finite element analysis

Thermally induced errors have a major significance on the positional accuracy of a machine tool. Heat generated during the machining process produces thermal gradients that flow through the machine structure causing linear and nonlinear thermal expansions and distortions of associated complex discrete structures, producing deformations that adversely affect structural stability. The heat passes through structural linkages and mechanical joints where interfacial parameters such as the roughness and form of the contacting surfaces affect the thermal resistance and thus the heat transfer coefficients. This paper presents a novel offline technique using finite element analysis (FEA) to simulate the effects of the major internal heat sources such as bearings, motors and belt drives of a small vertical milling machine (VMC) and the effects of ambient temperature pockets that build up during the machine operation. Simplified models of the machine have been created offline using FEA software and evaluated experimental results applied for offline thermal behaviour simulation of the full machine structure. The FEA simulated results are in close agreement with the experimental results ranging from 65% to 90% for a variety of testing regimes and revealed a maximum error range of 70 µm reduced to less than 10 µm.
Delayed exacerbation of COVID-19 pneumonia in vaccinated kidney transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressants: a case series

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increases the risk of mortality and hospitalization in immunocompromised patients, including kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) receiving immunosuppressants. Several vaccines for COVID-19 have been developed and proven effective in decreasing the incidence of COVID-19 and the rate of progression to severe COVID-19. However, breakthrough infections have also been reported in vaccinated patients. We report cases from our center of delayed exacerbated pneumonia from COVID-19 in vaccinated KTRs receiving immunosuppressants. Of the 900 KTRs who had been vaccinated for COVID-19 and were followed up at our center from January 1, 2022, to April 30, 2022 (during the Omicron variant outbreak), 126 contracted COVID-19 (incidence rate, 14%). Thirty-four (27%) in this group were hospitalized due to COVID-19. Twenty patients did not have pneumonia but had symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection or diarrhea, which improved with conservative treatment. Nine of the 14 patients with pneumonia had delayed onset or exacerbated pneumonia 1 week after their COVID-19 diagnosis. They were treated with remdesivir, and most recovered. One patient died due to progressive pneumonia and pneumothorax. It is important that KTRs who are taking immunosuppressants be observed closely and for a prolonged period after a COVID-19 diagnosis, irrespective of their COVID-19 vaccination status.
Effects of plasma β on the plasmoid instability

The effects of the initial upstream plasma beta on the plasmoid instability are studied via two-dimensional resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations. For cases with nonuniform beta dependent initial plasma mass density and uniform temperature, our numerical results indicate that the critical Lundquist number for onset of the plasmoid instability depends on the initial plasma beta. The critical Lundquist number is approximately 2000 - 3000 for beta = 50 and is 8000 - 10000 for beta = 0.2. The higher the beta, the smaller the critical Lundquist number is. Similar to previous studies of high-beta systems, the average reconnection rate in low beta systems is found to become weakly dependent on the Lundquist number in the plasmoid-unstable regime. However, the average reconnection rate, normalized to the asymptotic value of upstream BVA, is lower in a low beta system than that in a high beta system. The magnetic energy spectral index, which characterizes fragmentation of the reconnection layer, is approximately two and is insensitive to beta in the high-Lunquist number regime. It is also found that the magnetic reconnection rate becomes similar for different beta cases, if the initial force-balance is provided by temperature gradient instead of density gradient. Therefore, it is concluded that the beta-dependence mentioned above may be largely attributed to the density variation.
Internal Corporate Social Responsibility and Employee Burnout: An Employee Management Perspective from the Healthcare Sector

Purpose The issue of burnout has been identified as one of the most pressing challenges in organizational management, impacting the ability of an organization to succeed as well as employee productivity. In the healthcare industry, burnout is particularly prevalent. Burnout has received increasing attention from scholars, and different models have also been proposed to address this issue. However, burnout is on the rise in healthcare, especially in developing countries, indicating the need for more research on how to mitigate burnout. Research indicates that internal corporate social responsibility (ICSR) has a significant impact on employee behavior. However, little attention has been paid to exploring how ICSR might effectively reduce healthcare burnout. This study aims to investigate how ICSR and employee burnout are related in the healthcare sector of a developing country. In addition, we tested how subjective well-being and resilience mediate and moderate the effect of ICSR on employee burnout. Methods Data were collected from 402 healthcare employees working in different hospitals in Pakistan. In our study, we used a self-administered questionnaire as a data collection instrument. We have adapted the items in this survey from reliable and already published sources. Data collection was carried out in three waves. Results Hypotheses were evaluated using structural equation modeling (SEM). Software such as IBM-SPSS and AMOS were used for this purpose. ICSR significantly reduces healthcare employees’ burnout, according to the results of the structural analysis. The relationship between ICSR and burnout was also found to be mediated by subjective well-being, and resilience moderated the relationship between ICSR and subjective well-being. Findings In light of our findings, hospitals can take some important steps to resolve the problem of burnout. The study specifically stresses the importance of ICSR as a contextual organizational resource for preventing burnout among healthcare employees.
Combining Obsolescence and Temperature Stress to Evaluate the Immunity of Voltage Regulators to Direct Power Injection in Long-Lifespan Systems

This letter compares the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) performance of three different voltage regulator integrated circuits (ICs) (i.e., UA78L05, L78L05, and MC78L05) developed by three different manufacturers, with similar functionality and pin compatibility, under the influence of low and high temperature stress conditions (i.e., −30 °C and +100 °C). Direct power injection (DPI) was performed on these ICs to analyze the impact of applying thermal stress on the conducted immunity to the injection of a single-tone RF disturbance signal. The DPI immunity parameters were measured and recorded in real time for an incident amplified power, while the ICs were exposed to low and high thermal stress conditions. It was demonstrated that the minimum injected power required to reach the defined failure threshold voltage criterion $(\pm 4$ %) varied over frequency depending on the ICs. Moreover, these functionally identical ICs showed significant evolution of their conducted immunity in all the considered temperatures, depending on their manufacturer. Input impedance curves were monitored at low, high, and nominal temperatures, showing a noticeable decline of impedance at high frequencies. Moreover, the equivalent $RLC$ values of the lumped elements (i.e., resistor, inductor, and capacitor) were extracted and compared at these aforementioned temperature conditions to model the power supply network impedance for the selected ICs. The immunity behavior of these ICs was further investigated by generating lookup table data from the DPI measurements.
On Natural Convection Heat Transfer From Three-Dimensional Bodies of Arbitrary Shape

A simple expression is developed for the natural convection heat transfer from three-dimensional bodies of arbitrary shape immersed in an extensive fluid. The expression applies to both laminar and turbulent regimes and requires the calculation of purely geometric properties of the bodies. Experiments were performed with air, covering a Rayleigh number (Ra) range of from 10 to 10{sup 8}, on different body shapes oriented in various directions: for example, circular or square disks, a short circular cylinder of height equal to diameter and a similar cylinder but with hemispherical ends, prolate and oblate spheroids of various aspect ratio, and an apple core shape. Comparison between the predictions of the expression and the experimental results of this work and those gathered from several other sources ranging up to Ra = 10{sup 14} showed very good agreement, with an average rms difference of 3.5% for Ra < 10{sup 8} and 22% for 10{sup 8} < Ra < 10{sup 14}.