Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prognostic impact of lymph node harvest for patients with node-negative esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a large-scale multicenter study.

Background We examined the association between the number of resected lymph nodes and survival to determine the optimal lymphadenectomy for thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients with negative lymph node. Methods We included 1,836 patients from Chinese three high-volumed hospitals with corresponding clinicopathological characters such as gender, age, tumor location, tumor grade and TNM stage of patients. The median follow-up of included patients was 45.7 months (range, 1.03-117.3 months). X-Tile plot was used to identify the lowest number of lymphadenectomy. The multivariate model's construction was in use of parameters with clinical significance for survival and a nomogram based on clinical variable with P<0.05 in Cox regression analysis. Both two models were validated using a cohort extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 registries database between 1975 and 2016 (n=951). Results More lymphadenectomy numbers were significantly associated with better survival in patients both in training cohort [hazard ratio (HR) =0.980; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.971-0.988; P<0.001] and validation cohort (HR =0.980; 95% CI: 0.968-0.991; P=0.001). Cut-off point analysis determined the lowest number of 9 for thoracic ESCC patients in N0 stage through training cohort (C-index: 0.623; sensitivity: 80.7%; 1 - specificity: 72.5%) when compared with 10 in validation cohort (C-index: 0.643; sensitivity: 78.2%; 1 - specificity: 63.0%). The cut-off points of 9 were examined in training cohort and validated in the divided cohort from validation cohort (all P<0.05). Meanwhile, nomograms for both cohorts were constructed and the calibration curves for both cohorts agreed well with the actual observations in terms of predicting 3- and 5-year survival, respectively. Conclusions Larger number for lymphadenectomy was associated with better survival in thoracic ESCC patients in N0 stage. Nine was what we got as the lowest number for lymphadenectomy in pN0 ESCC patients through this study, and our result should be confirmed further.
Integration of technology acceptance model and theory of reasoned action in pre-dicting e-wallet continuous usage intentions

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors influencing continuous usage intention of E-Wallet in Denpasar City with integrating the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) And Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). This study applied a structural equation model analysis with 140 samples collected from E-Wallet users in Denpasar City. The results show that all three determinants of E-Wallet continuous usage intention, including perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitude. Recommendations are provided for E-Wallet providers to improve their user continuous usage intention in Denpasar City.
Analyzing cashless behavior among generation Z in Indonesia

Secure, convenient, and affordable payment instruments are one factor that drives up the development of the national economy. Having a good and stable national economic condition is the intention of every country. The usage of electronic payment instruments is proven to boost economic growth and advance financial inclusion. However, the usage of e-payment among generation Z in Indonesia is still relatively low. Of these, this study is written to analyze the factors influencing electronic payment used to be taken as a concern on evaluating the current level of the cashless society. The model to assess the influencing factors is adopted from UTAUT variables: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence, combined with two external variables: culture and perceived security. The questionnaire is distributed to 458 respondents, covering generation Z in Bandung City. A quantitative approach was used to assess the questionnaire result, examining the relationship between each factor and electronic payment usage. The results indicate three factors that significantly influence electronic payment usage among generation Z in Bandung City: performance expectancy, social influence, and culture.
Compassion Fatigue, Compassion Satisfaction and Coping Between Male and Female Intensive Care Unit Nurses

This study is anon-experimental, descriptive, co-relational design to examine the extent to which there is a relationship between Compassion fatigue and Compassion satisfaction with coping between Male and Female Intensive Care Unit Nurses. A convenience sample of 148 participants with 53 males and 95 females responded to the survey. The snow ball technique of non-probability sampling was used. The tools used to study the variables are the Professional Quality of Life Scale (proQOL) by Stamm (2012) and Ways of Coping Questionnaire by (Lazarus & Folkman, 1988). Inferential statistics comprising of the two tailed t-test and Pearson's correlation test were considered for analysis. The results were further analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 22). The study found no statistical significance between males and females on both compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue dimension and with both the groups securing low scores on all three dimensions. The results from the correlational analysis indicated that Compassion satisfaction showed a significant relationship with selfcontrolling, positive reappraisal, seeking social support, accepting responsibility and plan ful problem solving. Burnout showed a significant correlation with escape avoidance, plan ful problem solving and positive reappraisal. Secondary traumatic stress had a statistical relationship with Confrontive coping, distancing, self-controlling, seeking social support, accepting responsibility and escape-avoidance.
Creating a Digital Toolkit to Reduce Fatigue and Promote Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis: Participatory Design and Usability Study

Background Fatigue is one of the most common and debilitating symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS), experienced by more than 80% of people with MS. FACETS (Fatigue: Applying Cognitive Behavioral and Energy Effectiveness Techniques to Lifestyle) is an evidence-based, face-to-face, 6-session group fatigue management program for people with MS. Homework tasks are an integral part of FACETS and are currently undertaken in a paper-based form. Feedback from a consultation undertaken with FACETS attendees and health care professionals with experience in delivering the FACETS program suggested that being able to complete the homework tasks digitally would be desirable, potentially enhancing engagement and adherence and enabling on-the-go access to fit into busy lifestyles. Relative to other long-term conditions, there are few apps specifically for MS and, of those available, many have been developed with little or no input from people with MS. Objective The purpose of this mixed methods study was to create a digital toolkit comprising the homework tasks (eg, activity diary, goal planner, thought diary) of the FACETS program for people with MS, considering end users’ unique requirements throughout the design, build, prototyping, and testing stages. Methods Phase 1 involved the elicitation of detailed user requirements for the toolkit via 2 focus groups with previous attendees of FACETS (n=3 and n=6) and wireframing. Phase 2 involved supervised usability testing with people with MS (n=11) with iterative prototyping. The usability sessions involved going through test scenarios using the FACETS toolkit on an Android test phone with video capture and concurrent think-aloud followed by completion of the System Usability Scale (SUS) and a semistructured interview collecting feedback about design, content, and functionality. Results The mean SUS score for the digital toolkit was 74.3 (SD 16.8, 95% CI 63.2-85.6; range 37.5-95), which equates to an adjective rating of good and a B grade (70th-79th percentile range) on the Sauro-Lewis curved grading scale. A number of usability and design issues (such as simplifying overall screen flow to better meet users’ needs) and suggestions for improvements (such as using location-based services and displaying personalized information and progress via a central dashboard) were addressed and implemented during the usability testing cycle. Conclusions This work highlights the importance of the participation of people with MS across the entire development cycle, working to a human-centered design methodology to enable a considered and MS-centered solution to be developed. Continued horizon scanning for emergent technological enhancements will enable us to identify opportunities for further improvements to the FACETS toolkit prior to launch. The toolkit supports self-monitoring and management of fatigue and has potential applicability to other long-term conditions where fatigue is a significant issue.
Effect of Foliar Application with Faba Bean and Chickpeas Seed Sprout Extract on Growth and Fruiting of Ewaise Mango Trees

An experiment was conducted during two successive seasons 2019 and 2020 on mango trees cv. Ewaise to study the effect of foliar application faba bean and chickpea seed sprout extract at 0.25 to 1% applied three times along each season (at growth start, fruit set after immediately and one month later) either each extract was sprayed. The influence was evaluated through the response of vegetative growth, leaf N, P, K content, yield and some fruit physical and chemical characteristics.
Optimal Time of Ureteral Catheter Removal after Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery

Introduction: Stenting in the ureter following RIRS (Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery) and stone removal is recommended to prevent edema and colic pain. This study aims to find the optimal time for ureteral stent removal after RIRS with fewer complications.Methods: This study was run under Tehran University of Medical Sciences Ethical Committee (IR.TUMS.VCR.REC.1398.750). In this retrospective study, demographic and clinical information of patients from 2013 to 2019 were investigated. The patients were classified based on the duration of ureteral catheter placement: group A less than 24h, group B 24-72h and group C Removed after 72h.Results: From our 80 patients who met inclusion criteria in A and B groups, urologists had to insert a DJ stent for 16 of 19 (84%) (Due to pain and hydronephrosis) and 9 of 27 patients (33%), respectively. In group C, however; only 5 (15%) in 33 patients required DJ stent following the removal of the simple ureteral catheter. Hence, 84% of the patients with a simple ureteral catheter for over 72h in their ureter did not need re-stenting (P-value < 0.001). Conclusions: We concluded that the optimal time of stenting for a simple ureteral catheter is 72 hours. Catheter removal after this time would lead to the least complications.
Shoring up Power: Electoral Reform and the Consolidation of Authoritarian Rule

Why do autocrats adopt proportional representation (PR)? Conventional wisdom suggests autocrats should prefer majoritarian electoral rules because they favor large parties. Yet, since 1945, autocrats have been almost three times more likely to institute reforms towards PR than majoritarianism. Existing literature suggests incumbents institute PR to divide the opposition. We explore another motivation: executives switch to PR to ensure discipline among allies. We argue that such reforms are most likely when autocrats have a particular need to impose discipline — when ruling parties are nascent. Empirically, we examine the conditions under which changes to PR are likely with cross-national data from all electoral autocracies between 1945 and 2012. Additionally, we investigate a prominent case — the 2005 switch to PR in Russia — to illustrate the mechanisms and show how the reform solved the problem of control, allowing the Kremlin to focus on selecting electorally strong candidates.
YOLOv2PD: An Efficient Pedestrian Detection Algorithm Using Improved YOLOv2 Model

: Real-time pedestrian detection is an important task for unmanned driving systems and video surveillance. The existing pedestrian detection methods often work at low speed and also fail to detect smaller and densely distributed pedestrians by losing some of their detection accuracy in such cases. Therefore, the proposed algorithm YOLOv2 (“YOU ONLY LOOK ONCE Version 2”)-based pedestrian detection (referred to as YOLOv2PD) would be more suitable for detecting smaller and densely distributed pedestrians in real-time complex road scenes. The proposed YOLOv2PD algorithm adopts a Multi-layer Feature Fusion (MLFF) strategy, which helps to improve the model’s feature extraction ability. In addition, one repeated convolution layer is removed from the final layer, which in turn reduces the computational complexity without losing any detection accuracy. The proposed algorithm applies the K-means clustering method on the Pascal Voc-2007 + 2012 pedestrian dataset before training to find the optimal anchor boxes. Both the proposed network structure and the loss function are improved to make the model more accurate and faster while detecting smaller pedestrians. Experimental results show that, at 544 × 544 image resolution, the proposed model achieves 80.7% average precision (AP), which is 2.1% higher than the YOLOv2 Model on the Pascal Voc-2007 + 2012 pedestrian dataset. Besides, based on the experimental results, the proposed model YOLOv2PD achieves a good trade-off balance between detection accuracy and real-time speed when evaluated on INRIA and Caltech test pedestrian datasets and achieves state-of-the-art detection results.
Impact of ketamine on spontaneous coordinate activity and short memory behavior in rodents chronic unpredictable stress model

Introduction/Objective. This research aims to evaluate the impact of chronic stress on behavioral effects of ketamine, which are not sufficiently clear, still. Methods. Wistar male rats aged five weeks were used in the experiment. The animals were divided into two equal groups: control and experimental. After being exposed to a chronic unpredictable stress paradigm for 42 days, experimental rats had received a single injection of ketamine (10 mg/kg; day 45) as well as control group. The impact of ketamine was assessed using behavioral tests, spontaneous coordinate activity, and water maze tests for the evaluation of short-term memory. Results. The experimental group rats showed less spontaneous motoric activity than before ketamine application. Statistical significance was shown in gaining weight after time of ketamine application in control group and also in experimental group where they showed weight loss during stress paradigm and then increased their weight after ketamine application. There was no statistical significance in speed measurements in both groups showing no effects on short memory behavior. Conclusion. These findings show that ketamine in single subanesthetic dose has antidepressant and anxiolytic like effects in male rats exposed to chronic unpredictable stress paradigm
Incorporating Topological and Age Uncertainty into Event-Based Biogeography of Sand Spiders Supports Paleo-Islands in Galapagos and Ancient Connections among Neotropical Dry Forests

Event-based biogeographic methods, such as dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis, have become increasingly popular for attempting to reconstruct the biogeographic history of organisms. Such methods employ distributional data of sampled species and a dated phylogenetic tree to estimate ancestral distribution ranges. Because the input tree is often a single consensus tree, uncertainty in topology and age estimates are rarely accounted for, even when they may affect the outcome of biogeographic estimates. Even when such uncertainties are taken into account for estimates of ancestral ranges, they are usually ignored when researchers compare competing biogeographic hypotheses. We explore the effect of incorporating this uncertainty in a biogeographic analysis of the 21 species of sand spiders (Sicariidae: Sicarius) from Neotropical xeric biomes, based on a total-evidence phylogeny including a complete sampling of the genus. Using a custom R script, we account for uncertainty in ages and topology by estimating ancestral ranges over a sample of trees from the posterior distribution of a Bayesian analysis, and for uncertainty in biogeographic estimates by using stochastic maps. This approach allows for counting biogeographic events such as dispersal among areas, counting lineages through time per area, and testing biogeographic hypotheses, while not overestimating the confidence in a single topology. Including uncertainty in ages indicates that Sicarius dispersed to the Galapagos Islands when the archipelago was formed by paleo-islands that are now submerged; model comparison strongly favors a scenario where dispersal took place before the current islands emerged. We also investigated past connections among currently disjunct Neotropical dry forests; failing to account for topological uncertainty underestimates possible connections among the Caatinga and Andean dry forests in favor of connections among Caatinga and Caribbean + Mesoamerican dry forests. Additionally, we find that biogeographic models including a founder-event speciation parameter (“+J”) are more prone to suffer from the overconfidence effects of estimating ancestral ranges using a single topology. This effect is alleviated by incorporating topological and age uncertainty while estimating stochastic maps, increasing the similarity in the inference of biogeographic events between models with or without a founder-event speciation parameter. We argue that incorporating phylogenetic uncertainty in biogeographic hypothesis-testing is valuable and should be a commonplace approach in the presence of rogue taxa or wide confidence intervals in age estimates, and especially when using models including founder-event speciation.
Augmenting Household Expenditure Forecasts with Online Employee-generated Company Reviews

Abstract We assess the ability of online employee-generated content in predicting consumption expenditures. In so doing, we aggregate millions of employee expectations for the next six-month business outlook of their employer and build an employee sentiment index. We test whether forward-looking employee sentiment can contribute to baseline models when forecasting aggregate consumption in the United States and compare its performance to well-established, survey-based consumer sentiment indexes. We reveal that online employee opinions have incremental information that can be used to augment the accuracy of consumption forecasting models and inform economic policy decisions.
Comparative Value of Cholinesterase Inhibitors and Memantine in Persons with Moderate-to-Severe Alzheimer’s Disease in the United States: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Background: Pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involves symptomatic improvement of cognition using cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) and memantine. The cost-effectiveness of these medications will guide decision-makers in making judicious use of scarce healthcare resources, particularly during the advanced disease stages. Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of ChEIs, memantine, and ChEI-memantine combinations in persons with moderate-to-severe AD from the US healthcare perspective. Methods: This pharmacoeconomic evaluation study used a state-transition Markov cohort model to simulate the costs and effectiveness of ChEI-memantine combinations compared with monotherapies of ChEI (donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine) and memantine in persons with moderate-to-severe AD over a lifetime horizon with a 1-year cycle length. We estimated expected quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), costs (in 2020 $US), net monetary benefits, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). We discounted future costs and QALYs at the rate of 3%. Results: In this study, donepezil monotherapy, galantamine-memantine combination, and rivastigmine transdermal patch formed the cost-effectiveness frontier. Findings suggests that rivastigmine transdermal patch is the optimal treatment strategy at a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $150,000/QALY (ICER = $93,307/QALY [versus donepezil monotherapy]). Results across subgroups by age and sex also suggest that the rivastigmine transdermal patch is the optimal treatment strategy with the highest net benefit. Conclusion: From the US healthcare perspective, we found that, for persons with moderate-to-severe AD at a WTP threshold of $150,000/QALY, the rivastigmine transdermal patch is the most cost-effective pharmacological treatment option. Given that the transdermal patch is a preferred route of administration for persons with AD and their caregivers due to its convenience, our findings provide additional incentives for its use.
The impact of bereavement support on psychological distress in family members: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Persistent psychological distress occurs frequently in family members of patients who die in an intensive care unit (ICU). Objective: To determine the effectiveness of bereavement interventions in reducing persisting psychological distress in bereaved family members after death in an adult ICU. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that assessed the effect of bereavement interventions on persisting psychological distress in bereaved family members of ICU patients. Data sources: MEDLINE and APA PsycInfo databases were searched until April 2020. Review methods: Two of us independently screened titles and abstracts of identified studies, and then completed full text evaluation of selected studies. We assessed risk of bias using version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, which is designed to assess the quality of non-randomised studies in meta-analyses. We also used random effects meta-analysis to assess the effect of various interventions on total Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores. Results: From 664 citations, five studies were included — three multicentre randomised clinical trials and two single centre observational studies. Three studies tested the intervention of written bereavement support materials and two studies used narration of family members’ experiences in the ICU. All studies reported HADS scores. Scores for Impact of Event Scale, Impact of Event Scale-Revised and Inventory of Complicated Grief were measured in some but not all studies. There was no effect of an intervention on HADS scores (weighted mean difference, –0.79 [95% confidence interval, –3.81 to 2.23]; I2 = 65.8%). Conclusions: Owing to limited data, and clinical and statistical heterogeneity, there is considerable uncertainty regarding whether bereavement support strategies reduce, increase or have no effect on psychological distress in bereaved family members.