Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Buried Impact Features on Mercury as Revealed by Gravity Data

Gravity data provide information about the internal mass distribution of celestial bodies. The latest gravity field model of Mercury, HgM007, has a higher spatial resolution than previously published gravity models, allowing smaller crustal structures to be resolved. In this study, a global free‐air gravity anomaly grid of Mercury was derived from the HgM007 gravity model using the spherical expansion method, and a Bouguer anomaly map was calculated based on the free‐air gravity and topography data. We used this gravity model to search for quasi‐circular Bouguer anomalies (QCBAs) larger than ∼109 km in diameter within the Northern Smooth Plains (NSP) of Mercury, where the resolution of the gravity data is the highest. Assuming that these QCBAs were correlated with mantle uplifts caused by ancient buried impact structures, we applied the prism rectangular shape model and the Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion method to determine the subsurface structure of these QCBAs. Four ancient buried basins, not clearly visible in the surface topography, were detected. We estimated the crustal thickness ratios and original rim‐to‐rim diameters for these four impact basins, based on empirical cratering scaling laws, finding that the thickness of the infill lava within the NSP might be 5 times larger than previously believed and the ancient terrain beneath the NSP might be older than previously thought.
The Yeast Complex I Equivalent NADH Dehydrogenase Rescues pink1 Mutants

Pink1 is a mitochondrial kinase involved in Parkinson's disease, and loss of Pink1 function affects mitochondrial morphology via a pathway involving Parkin and components of the mitochondrial remodeling machinery. Pink1 loss also affects the enzymatic activity of isolated Complex I of the electron transport chain (ETC); however, the primary defect in pink1 mutants is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that ETC deficiency is upstream of other pink1-associated phenotypes. We expressed Saccaromyces cerevisiae Ndi1p, an enzyme that bypasses ETC Complex I, or sea squirt Ciona intestinalis AOX, an enzyme that bypasses ETC Complex III and IV, in pink1 mutant Drosophila and find that expression of Ndi1p, but not of AOX, rescues pink1-associated defects. Likewise, loss of function of subunits that encode for Complex I–associated proteins displays many of the pink1-associated phenotypes, and these defects are rescued by Ndi1p expression. Conversely, expression of Ndi1p fails to rescue any of the parkin mutant phenotypes. Additionally, unlike pink1 mutants, fly parkin mutants do not show reduced enzymatic activity of Complex I, indicating that Ndi1p acts downstream or parallel to Pink1, but upstream or independent of Parkin. Furthermore, while increasing mitochondrial fission or decreasing mitochondrial fusion rescues mitochondrial morphological defects in pink1 mutants, these manipulations fail to significantly rescue the reduced enzymatic activity of Complex I, indicating that functional defects observed at the level of Complex I enzymatic activity in pink1 mutant mitochondria do not arise from morphological defects. Our data indicate a central role for Complex I dysfunction in pink1-associated defects, and our genetic analyses with heterologous ETC enzymes suggest that Ndi1p-dependent NADH dehydrogenase activity largely acts downstream of, or in parallel to, Pink1 but upstream of Parkin and mitochondrial remodeling.
Multi-Cross Sampling and Frequency-Division Reconstruction for Image Compressed Sensing

Deep Compressed Sensing (DCS) has attracted considerable interest due to its superior quality and speed compared to traditional CS algorithms. However, current approaches employ simplistic convolutional downsampling to acquire measurements, making it difficult to retain high-level features of the original signal for better image reconstruction. Furthermore, these approaches often overlook the presence of both high- and low-frequency information within the network, despite their critical role in achieving high-quality reconstruction. To address these challenges, we propose a novel Multi-Cross Sampling and Frequency Division Network (MCFD-Net) for image CS. The Dynamic Multi-Cross Sampling (DMCS) module, a sampling network of MCFD-Net, incorporates pyramid cross convolution and dual-branch sampling with multi-level pooling. Additionally, it introduces an attention mechanism between perception blocks to enhance adaptive learning effects. In the second deep reconstruction stage, we design a Frequency Division Reconstruction Module (FDRM). This module employs a discrete wavelet transform to extract high- and low-frequency information from images. It then applies multi-scale convolution and self-similarity attention compensation separately to both types of information before merging the output reconstruction results. The MCFD-Net integrates the DMCS and FDRM to construct an end-to-end learning network. Extensive CS experiments conducted on multiple benchmark datasets demonstrate that our MCFD-Net outperforms state-of-the-art approaches, while also exhibiting superior noise robustness.
Some unresolved questions in practical project appraisal: indirect taxes and the numeraire

Abstract Aid projects are still assessed by a methodology for project economic analysis developed largely in the 1970’s. Many such projects are in infrastructure sectors producing goods that are internationally non-traded and whose benefits are valued on the basis of approximate estimates of consumer willingness to pay. An omission in one influential strand of this literature was the distinction between analyses with and without the inclusion of indirect taxes. This has led to the potential overestimation of benefits from such projects in applied development work. This note explains this complication, discusses how it can be resolved and some of its practical consequences.
Visual Binary Watermark Embedding in Corner Points

Nowadays digital watermarking is one of the popular research areas. Watermarking is an information hiding technique used to hide a mark. In this study we proposed a novel robust image watermarking via finding corner points. In this novel algorithm small watermarks have been embedded discrete wavelet coefficients of cover image. Ten different attacks are applied to watermarked image to measure quality of watermark. Scope of the study is showing variations of peak signal to noise ratio and similarity ratio values on different attacks on square regions and comparing these values after attacks. Keywords—Watermarking, corner detection, wavelet, copyright
Maternal Morbidity Associated With Multiple Repeat Cesarean Deliveries

OBJECTIVE: Although repeat cesarean deliveries often are associated with serious morbidity, they account for only a portion of abdominal deliveries and are overlooked when evaluating morbidity. Our objective was to estimate the magnitude of increased maternal morbidity associated with increasing number of cesarean deliveries. METHODS: Prospective observational cohort of 30,132 women who had cesarean delivery without labor in 19 academic centers over 4 years (1999–2002). RESULTS: There were 6,201 first (primary), 15,808 second, 6,324 third, 1,452 fourth, 258 fifth, and 89 sixth or more cesarean deliveries. The risks of placenta accreta, cystotomy, bowel injury, ureteral injury, and ileus, the need for postoperative ventilation, intensive care unit admission, hysterectomy, and blood transfusion requiring 4 or more units, and the duration of operative time and hospital stay significantly increased with increasing number of cesarean deliveries. Placenta accreta was present in 15 (0.24%), 49 (0.31%), 36 (0.57%), 31 (2.13%), 6 (2.33%), and 6 (6.74%) women undergoing their first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth or more cesarean deliveries, respectively. Hysterectomy was required in 40 (0.65%) first, 67 (0.42%) second, 57 (0.90%) third, 35 (2.41%) fourth, 9 (3.49%) fifth, and 8 (8.99%) sixth or more cesarean deliveries. In the 723 women with previa, the risk for placenta accreta was 3%, 11%, 40%, 61%, and 67% for first, second, third, fourth, and fifth or more repeat cesarean deliveries, respectively. CONCLUSION: Because serious maternal morbidity increases progressively with increasing number of cesarean deliveries, the number of intended pregnancies should be considered during counseling regarding elective repeat cesarean operation versus a trial of labor and when debating the merits of elective primary cesarean delivery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-2
Matrix and Tensor Factorization Techniques applied to Recommender Systems: a Survey

— On internet today, an overabundance of information can be accessed, making it difficult for users to process and evaluate options and make appropriate choices. This phenomenon is known as Information Overload. Over time, various methods of information filtering have been introduced in order to assist users in choosing what may be of interest to them. Recommender Systems (RS) are a technique for filtering information and play an important role in e-commerce, advertising, e-mail filtering etc. Therefore, RS are an answer, though partial, to the problem of Information Overload. Algorithms behind the recommendation techniques need to be continuously updated because of a constant increase in both the quantity of information and the availability of modes of access to that information, which define the different contexts of information use. The
Zero-Sum Games between Mean-Field Teams: Reachability-based Analysis Under Common Information

This work studies the behaviors of two competing teams in a discrete environment, where the teamlevel interactions are captured as a zero-sum game while the dynamics within each team is formulated as a mean-field team problem. Following the ideas from the mean-field game literature, we first approximate the large-population team game with its infinite-population limit. We then introduce two fictitious coordinators and transform the infinite-population game into an equivalent zero-sum game between the two coordinators. We study the optimal coordination strategies for each team via a novel reachability analysis and later translate them back to decentralized strategies that the original agents deploy. We prove that the strategies are ε-optimal for the original finite-population team game, and we further show that the suboptimality diminishes when team size approaches infinity. The theoretical guarantees are verified by numerical examples.
A quality integrated spectral minutiae fingerprint recognition system

Many fingerprint recognition systems are based on minutiae matching. However, the recognition accuracy of minutiae-based matching algorithms is highly dependent on the fingerprint minutiae quality. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce a quality integrated spectral minutiae algorithm, in which the minutiae quality information is incorporated to enhance the performance of the spectral minutiae fingerprint recognition system. In our algorithm, two types of quality data are used. The first is the minutiae reliability, expressing the probability that a given point is indeed a minutia; the second is the minutiae location accuracy, quantifying the error on the minutiae location. We integrate these two types of quality information into the spectral minutiae representation algorithm and achieve a decrease of 1% in equal error rate in the experiment.
2D Supervised Monocular 3D Object Detection by Global-to-Local 3D Reconstruction

With the advent of the big model era, the demand for data has become more important. Especially in monocular 3D object detection, expensive manual annotations potentially limit further developments. Existing works have investigated weakly supervised algorithms with the help of LiDAR modality to generate 3D pseudo labels, which cannot be applied to ordinary videos. In this paper, we propose a novel paradigm, termed as BA 2 -Det, leveraging the idea of global-to-local 3D reconstruction for 2D supervised monocular 3D object detection. Specifically, we recover 3D structures from monocular videos by scene-level global reconstruction with global bundle adjustment (BA) and obtain object clusters by the DoubleClus-tering algorithm. Learning from completely reconstructed objects in global BA, GBA-Learner predicts pseudo labels for occluded objects. Finally, we train an LBA-Learner with object-centric local BA to generalize the generated 3D pseudo labels to moving objects. Experiments on the large-scale Waymo Open Dataset show that the performance of BA 2 -Det is on par with the fully-supervised BA-Det trained with 10% videos and even outperforms some pioneer fully-supervised methods. We also show the great potential of BA 2 -Det for detecting open-set 3D objects in complex scenes. The code will be made available.
Long -term survival with unmethylated MGMT glioblastoma multiforme

Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive tumor of the central nervous system. Despite advances in its management, overall prognosis remains poor, with a median survival time of less than one year. Good response to chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) is usually associated with methylation of the promoter of the O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase ( MGMT ) gene. Case Report: We describe here a patient with glioblastoma multiforme, who had good prognostic clinical features, age and performance status, but unmethylated MGMT promoter and who survived for eight years while treated with a multi-modal approach. Conclusion: Good response to treatment, despite the absence of MGMT hypermethylation, suggests that other genetic or molecular factors may predict prognosis and therapeutic response in patients with glioblastoma multiforme.
Functional MRI of Rehabilitation in Chronic Stroke Patients Using Novel MR-Compatible Hand Robots

We monitored brain activation after chronic stroke by combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a novel MR-compatible, hand-induced, robotic device (MR_CHIROD). We evaluated 60 fMRI datasets on a 3 T MR system from five right-handed patients with left-sided stroke ≥6 months prior and mild to moderate hemiparesis. Patients trained the paretic right hand at approximately 75% of maximum strength with an exercise ball for 1 hour/day, 3 days/week for 4 weeks. Multi-level fMRI data were acquired before, during training, upon completion of training, and after a non-training period using parallel imaging employing GeneRalized Autocalibrating Partially Parallel Acquisitions (GRAPPA) while the participant used the MR_CHIROD. Training increased the number of activated sensorimotor cortical voxels, indicating functional cortical plasticity in chronic stroke patients. The effect persisted four weeks after training completion, indicating the potential of rehabilitation in inducing cortical plasticity in chronic stroke patients.
Correlation of genotype, phenotype, and mRNA expression of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs).

INTRODUCTION The genetic polymorphism of drug metabolizing enzymes of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) families, especially CYP2D6 and CYP2C19, is the most important cause of variable responses of many drugs. Enzyme activity ranges from complete deficiency, so called poor metabolizers (PMs), to an ultrafast metabolism. While PMs and extensive metabolizers (EMs) can be well distinguished by genotyping, phenotyping is necessary to subdivide EMs from intermediate metabolizers (IMs). The aim of the study was to evaluate if messenger RNA (mRNA) concentration for CYP-enzymes in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) will be predictive of systemic enzyme activity, allowing an easy and safe determination of metabolic activity. METHODS The genotype, phenotype, and mRNA-expression in PBLs were evaluated in 124 healthy Caucasian volunteers (males and females, age range 23 - 59 years) on three occasions (every 4 weeks). Genotyping was performed by Taqman allelic discrimination on the most common null alleles for CYP2D6 (*3, *4, *6, *7, and *8) and CYP2C19 (*2 and *3). For phenotyping CYP2D6, dextromethorphan/dextrorphan metabolic ratios were determined in collected urine (8 hours) after administration of 30 mg dextromethorphan. For phenotyping CYP2C19, we used the plasma concentration ratio of omeprazole/hydroxyomeprazole 4 hours after ingestion of 40 mg omeprazole. mRNA-expression in PBLs for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 was measured by Taqman real-time PCR before medication and 4 hours afterwards. RESULTS Genotyping for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 showed a regular distribution of EMs and PMs compared to studies of a comparable population. The median dextromethorphan/dextrorphan metabolic ratio was 0.47 in EMs/IMs and 2.29 in PMs. The median omeprazole/hydroxyomeprazole metabolic ratio was 3.06 in EMs/IMs and 35.29 in PMs. CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 mRNA expression was detected without evidence of correlation to the respective metabolic ratio. CONCLUSION The results do not support the concept of using mRNA expression profiles for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 enzymes in PBLs for prediction of systemic enzyme activity.
Workplace exposure to particles from nanotechnology processes

An emerging appreciation of the toxicological characteristics of airborne nanoparticles (< 100 nm) (Maynard and Aitken, 2007) has resulted in a need for accurate methods of quantifying particle concentrations during nanotechnology processes. To contribute towards addressing this, we deployed a comprehensive suite of particle instrumentation during five distinct nanotechnology processes across four workplaces. The aim of this was to assess the relative importance of numerous measurement technologies in terms of quantifying worker exposure.
Search for high-energy neutrino emission from hard X-ray AGN with IceCube

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has detected high-energy astrophysical neutrinos in the TeV-PeV range. These neutrinos have an isotropic distribution on the sky, and therefore, likely originate from extragalactic sources. Active Galactic Nuclei form a class of astronomical objects which are promising neutrino source candidates given their high electromagnetic luminosity and potential ability to accelerate cosmic rays up to energies greater than 1016 eV. Interactions of these cosmic rays within the AGN environment are expected to produce both neutrinos and pionic gamma rays. Some hadronic models of AGN emission suggest that such gamma rays can in turn interact with the dense photon fields of AGN and cascade down to hard X-rays and MeV gamma rays. We present an update on the IceCube stacking analysis searching for high-energy neutrinos from hard X-ray sources sampled from the Swift-BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey.
Joint spatial division and multiplexing: Realizing massive MIMO gains with limited channel state information

We propose Joint Spatial Division and Multiplexing (JSDM), an approach to multiuser MIMO downlink that exploits the structure of the channel vectors correlation in order to allow for a large number of base station antennas while requiring a considerably reduced channel state information (CSI) feedback from the users. Thanks to the reduced CSI requirement, JSDM allows the use of a large number of base station antennas also in FDD systems. This work presents the correlated channel model, the main idea of JSDM precoding, and the design of JSDM precoding, formed by the concatenation of a pre-beamforming matrix based only on the structure of the channel covariance, with suitable multiuser precoding based on the CSI of the reduced dimensional transformed channels. We show that in some cases JSDM incurs no loss of optimality with respect to the MIMO broadcast channel with full CSI.
Synchronization of multiple Euler-Lagrange systems with communication delays

The synchronization problem of networked Euler-Lagrange systems is addressed. The information flow in the network is subject to unknown time-varying (possibly discontinuous) communication delays, and is represented by a directed communication graph that contains a spanning tree. Using a small gain framework, it is shown that the proposed control scheme achieves synchronization under mild and realistic assumptions on the communication delays. Simulation results are presented that confirm the validity of the proposed approach.
Touchdown of the Hayabusa Spacecraft at the Muses Sea on Itokawa

After global observations of asteroid 25143 Itokawa by the Hayabusa spacecraft, we selected the smooth terrain of the Muses Sea for two touchdowns carried out on 19 and 25 November 2005 UTC for the first asteroid sample collection with an impact sampling mechanism. Here, we report initial findings about geological features, surface condition, regolith grain size, compositional variation, and constraints on the physical properties of this site by using both scientific and housekeeping data during the descent sequence of the first touchdown. Close-up images revealed the first touchdown site as a regolith field densely filled with size-sorted, millimeter- to centimeter-sized grains.
Node User User Node UseUse Communication Manage Manager

Despite the benefits of decentralized applications in terms of resilience and privacy, the overwhelming majority of applications with mainstream adoption are provided in a centralized manner. We argue that this is due to the direct benefits to the developer that centralization provides in terms of performance, monetization, and deployability. In this paper we introduce a new model, untrusted delegation, which joins the simplified deployment model of centralization with the benefits of decentralization. In this model, we decouple administrative ownership from administrative management, and leverage the existence of either a private cloud infrastructure, or a public cloud provider that acts as a neutral third party, that is augmented to support decentralization. Our initial prototype integrates with the Digital Ocean API and as a proof-of-concept, we can deploy Tor relay nodes with users only needing to sign up for a Digital Ocean account.
Effects of eucalyptol on house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) and blow fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae).

The effects of eucalyptol were evaluated against the house fly, Musca domestica L. , and blow fly, Chrysomya megacephala (F.). The bioassay of adults, using topical application, indicated that M. domestica males were more susceptible than females, with the LD50 being 118 and 177 microg/fly, respectively. A higher LD50 of C. megacephala was obtained; 197 microg/fly for males and 221 microg/fly for females. Living flies of both species yielded a shorter life span after being treated with eucalyptol. The bioassay of larvae, using the dipping method on the third instar, showed that M. domestica was more susceptible than C. megacephala, with their LC50 being 101 and 642 microg/microl, respectively. The emergence of adults, which had been treated with eucalyptol in larvae, decreased only in M. domestica. Having the volatile property, fumigation or impregnated paper test of eucalyptol or the efficacy of repellence or attractiveness merits further investigations to enhance bio-insecticidal efficacy.