Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Instituting Upper Limits for Chest Compression Depth for Laypersons at Six-months After Chest Compression-Only Training: A Randomized Controlled Simulation Study

In Japan, out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) of cardiac origin account for approximately 70,000 deaths every year (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, 2019). Considerable effort has been put into strengthening the Chain of Survival, which includes provision of early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with a focus on chest compression. Bystander CPR performance doubles the survival rate (Steill et al., 2004), and the quality of chest compression plays a key role in this setting (Bobrow et al., 2010; Iwami et al., 2015). However, it has been shown that more than half of OHCA patients do not receive bystander CPR (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, 2019). In addition, the number of survivors with favorable neurological outcomes after an OHCA remains low (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, 2019). Context/ research question: Chest compression quality plays a major role in patient outcomes after cardiac arrest. The Japanese cardiopulmonary resuscitation (JRC) guidelines 2015 indicates that chest compression depth should be approximately 5 cm but not more than 6 cm. However, the upper limit of chest compression depth might be a barrier to the delivery of adequate chest compressions by laypersons. We hypothesized that laypersons may be able to perform chest compressions (approximately 5 cm) as per the JRC guidelines, without setting an upper limit for chest compression depth.
Political Rumor Communication on Instant Messaging Platforms : Relationships With Political Participation and Knowledge

Modern communication technologies have vastly increased the reach and influence of political rumors, with negative consequences for democratic political systems globally. Rumor communication can be theorized as a form of political talk that helps citizens grapple with the uncertainty inherent in politics, form opinions, and build solidarity with others. The present study examines how one type of communication technology—instant messaging platforms—might facilitate forms of rumor communication that can influence participation in and knowledge about politics. Using original panel survey data from the 2017 South Korean election, we find that rumor communication on the popular instant messaging platform KakaoTalk predicts increased campaign participation, but not campaign knowledge. Further, political rumor communication on instant messaging platforms appears to exacerbate participatory inequality between those with weak and those with strong political interest and ideology.
Culture, context, and disability: A systematic literature review of cultural-historical activity theory-based studies on the teaching and learning of students with disabilities

Research on teaching students with disabilities has historically been dominated by behaviorist and cognitive theories that privilege the individual as the unit of analysis (Conway & Artiles, 2005). Behaviorist and Cognitive theories are particularly dominant in special education research in the United States. The first attempts to educate people with disabilities, for instance, were conducted by French psychiatrists such as Pinnel, Itard, and Seguin, and brought to the U.S. by Samuel Grisley Howe. These early attempts to teach people with disabilities proposed a mix of physiological and cognitive approaches to remediate physical mobility and dysfunction of senses (e.g., impaired vision). Furthermore, the identification of students with disabilities as well as those as gifted were also highly influenced by individualistic, cognitivist theories. The adoption of intellectual assessments by Terman in the early 20 century continue to have a strong hold on how students are identified as gifted or having a disability. In addition, behaviorist theories inform dominant research and practices such as applied behavior analysis, the most common form of teaching students with autism. These approaches to teaching and learning fuse a “bounded individual view of learner” (Conway & Artiles, 2005, p. 27) with a medical model of disability that conceptualizes disability as a biological or psychological deficit situated within the individual, which needs to be fixed (Dudley-Marling & Gurn, 2011). Because of these deeply ingrained approaches, special education researchers tend to design, test, and disseminate teaching practices in the forms of individual interventions that focus on remedying students with disabilities’ deficits. In the last two decades, researchers have increasingly drawn from cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) as an alternative to predominant behavioral and cognitive theories to study the teaching and learning of students with disabilities. CHAT was born out of Vygotsky’s (1978, 1993) revolutionary experimental research on human–context interactions and cultural mediation. There are various names used to describe this
Treatment of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma in sub-Saharan Africa: A report from the French-African Paediatric Oncology Group (GFAOP)

Background . Childhood Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is typically treated by chemo- and radiotherapy, depending on the stage of the disease. Studies on the treatment of HL by chemotherapy alone have shown encouraging results. Objective. To evaluate the feasibility, epidemiological and therapeutic aspects of paediatric HL treated with only COPP/ABV hybrid chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone, adriamycin, bleomycin and vinblastine). Methods. This was a prospective multicentre study on the management of HL in paediatric oncology centres of the French-African Paediatric Oncology Group in sub-Saharan Africa, from 1 October 2006 to 30 November 2012. To be included in the study, patients had to be younger than 18 years at diagnosis, with histologically proven HL. Results. A total of 106 patients were included, with a median age of 10 years (range: 2 - 18 years). The sex ratio was 3.1, with a preponderance of male patients (male: n =80; female: n =26). The largest number of patients were in stage IIIB ( n =47), IIB ( n =18) and IVB ( n =15); other stages were represented to a lesser extent. More than 80% of patients had an unfavourable initial prognosis. On biopsy, the nodular sclerosis subtype was observed in 36% of patients ( n =38), followed by mixed cellularity ( n =21; 20%) and the lymphocyte-rich subtype ( n =17; 16%). Eighteen patients relapsed. The overall survival rate of treated patients was 82% at a median follow-up of 30 months. Conclusion. The treatment of childhood HL in sub-Saharan Africa is challenging. The use of a hybrid chemotherapy protocol alone can be effective at improving patient survival
Evaluating young fluvial terrace riser degradation using a nonlinear transport model: Application to the Kongur Normal Fault in the Pamir, northwest China

Selecting an appropriate hillslope transport model and calibrating model parameters are essential for morphological dating of fault and fluvial scarps. In this paper, we refine the method of profile‐based morphologic dating by updating the representation of nonlinearity in sediment flux dependence on the hillslope gradient. We apply this revised method to fluvial scarps bounding fluvial terraces offset along the Kongur Normal Fault in the semi‐arid high‐altitude Pamir mountains, northwestern China. One of these terraces, the T3 surface, is dated to 7.0+1.9/−1.6 kyr using 10Be cosmogenic depth profile analysis. Well‐preserved, dated terraces make this an ideal site to test the utility of morphological modelling in constraining ages of the young terrace risers. To do this, 35 topographic swath profiles across the terrace risers are extracted from a 0.2 m‐resolution digital elevation model produced using structure from motion from photos collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle. The best estimates of morphological age are 13.9 ± 1.3 m2 for the riser T3/T4 and 11.9 ± 1.3 m2 for T2/T3 using a linear diffusion approach. These two morphological ages overlap within uncertainty and fail to distinguish between two young terrace risers. Alternatively, we employed a nonlinear diffusion model, calibrated with transport constant k = 1 m2 kyr−1, nonlinearity n = 2, and critical gradient Sc = tan(33°). This nonlinear model produces ages of 7.3 ± 0.5 kyr for T3/T4 and 4.0 ± 0.2 kyr for T2/T3; these ages are consistent with terrace surface ages deduced by using vertical offset divided by independently determining average throw rate. This comparison shows the advantage of a nonlinear model in defining ages of young scarps. Furthermore, we explored the minor effect of heterogeneous degradation along steep sections of the scarp profiles. The nonlinear scarp modelling scheme we develop in this paper is suitable for studying scarp degradation in other regions. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3D Modeling of Catalyst Layers in PEM Fuel Cells Effects of Transport Limitations

Three-dimensional, multicomponent and multiphase transport computations are performed using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code (FLUENT) with a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell module, which has been further improved by taking into account the detailed composition and structure of the catalyst layers using a multiple thin-film agglomerate model. In this model, reactant concentrations are dependent on transport through liquid water (caused by flooding in the catalyst layer) and polymer electrolyte films which surround the catalyst sites. The results of CFD computations show that transport limitations associated with the liquid water and polymer electrolyte have substantial negative effects on PEM fuel cell performance.
What Makes Nonfamily Employees Act as Good Stewards? Emotions and the Moderating Roles of Stewardship Culture and Gender Roles in Family Firms

Based on stewardship theory and social role theory, we examine the bounded nature of nonfamily employees’ individual stewardship behaviors (i.e., organizational citizenship behavior, OCB) in family firms. We expect stewardship culture to make male (female) employees’ OCB more (less) affect-driven. In Study 1, we used data from family and nonfamily firms’ employees to establish the unique manifestation of stewardship in family firms. Study 2 was a diary study of nonfamily employees. As expected, for women, we found stewardship culture to attenuate the relationships between affect and OCB. For men, stewardship culture strengthened the relationship between affect and OCB.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Landscape Restoration: A Stocktake

With the increase in demand for landscape restoration and the limited resources available, there is need for economic analysis of landscape restoration to help prioritize investment of the resources. Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is a commonly applied tool in the economic analysis of landscape restoration, yet its application seems limited and varied. We undertake a review of CBA applications to understand the breadth, depth, and gaps. Of the 2056 studies identified in literature search, only 31 met our predefined criteria. Three studies offered a global perspective, while more than half were conducted in Africa. Only six countries benefit from at least 2 CBA studies, including Brazil, Ethiopia, Kenya, Vietnam, South Africa, and Tanzania. About 60% focus on agroforestry, afforestation, reforestation, and assisted natural regeneration practices. Only 16% covered all cost categories, with opportunity costs being the least covered. Eighty-four percent apply direct use values, while only 16% captured the non-use values. Similarly, lack of reliable data due to predictions and assumptions involved in data generation influenced CBA results. The limited number of eligible studies and the weaknesses identified hereinabove suggest strong need for improvements in both the quantity and quality of CBA to better inform planning, policies, and investments in landscape restoration.
Potential Low-Cost Biosorbent for Copper Removal: Pineapple Leaf Powder

The present study investigates the adsorption characteristics of Cu(II) onto a low-cost biosorbent, pineapple leaf powder (PLP). Results of batch adsorption experiments showed that PLP could effectively remove Cu(II) from aqueous solution. Functional groups of PLP responsible for binding the Cu2+ were identified. The uptake of Cu2+ by PLP was very rapid, and 90% of Cu could be removed within the first 20 min. A pseudo-second-order equation could describe the kinetic data well. Copper adsorption was highly dependent on solution pH, and the removal efficiency was greater at a higher pH and low ionic strength. The apparent activation energy was calculated to be 6.99 kJ mol-1. The adsorption increased with temperature, suggesting an endothermic reaction. The maximum adsorption capacities calculated from Langmuir isotherms was 9.28 mg g-1 at pH 5.0. From the perspective of waste utilization, high copper adsorption capacity, and freely abundant availability of this low-cost adsorbent, PLP is potentially usefu.
Impact of Process Parameters and Bulk Properties on Quality of Dried Hops

Hops are critical to the brewing industry. In commercial hop drying, a large bulk of hops is dried in multistage kilns for several hours. This affects the drying behavior and alters the amount and chemical composition of the hop oils. To understand these changes, hops of the var. Hallertauer Tradition were dried in bulks of 15, 25 and 35 kg/m² at 60 °C and 0.35 m/s. Additionally, bulks of 25 kg/m² were also dried at 65 °C and 0.45 m/s to assess the effect of change in temperature and velocity, respectively. The results obtained show that bulk weights significantly influence the drying behavior. Classification based on the cone size reveals 45.4% medium cones, 41.2% small cones and 8.6% large cones. The highest ΔE value of 6.3 and specific energy consumption (113,476 kJ/kgH2O) were observed for the 15 kg/m² bulk. Increasing the temperature from 60 °C to 65 °C increased the oil yield losses by about 7% and myrcene losses by 22%. The results obtained show that it is important to define and consider optimum bulk and process parameters, to optimize the hop drying process to improve the process efficiency as well the product quality.
Post-harvest Practices of Maize Farmers in Selected Counties in Kenya and Isolation of Mycotoxin Producing Fungi from Maize Samples

Mycotoxins produced by fungi are among the leading courses of human mortality and morbidity all over the world. This study aimed at establishing the post-harvest practices that lead to contamination of maize with fungi in Trans Nzoia, Kisii, Kisumu, Bungoma, Migori, Kericho, Machakos, Kitui and Meru Counties in Kenya. The study was also aimed at isolating the most common mycotoxin producing fungi from maize samples collected from the study areas. The post-harvest practices were determined using a questionnaire. From each county, a total of 130 maize samples were collected. The samples from each county were mixed to make a composite sample. The moisture content of the maize samples were determined and percentage moisture content calculated. Each sample was ground using a dry mill kitchen blender (BL335, Kenwood, UK). A sample of 1g was suspended in 9mL of sterile distilled water and serial dilution up to 10 -2 carried out. A sample of 0.01mL was plated on potato dextrose agar. Mycotoxin producing fungi were identified using morphological characteristics and fungal identification keys. The postharvest practices within the counties varied significantly. The mean moisture content of stored maize varied from 16.78% in Kitui to 19.33% in Trans Nzoia. The number of mycotoxin producing fungi ranged from 10.33 CFU/g in Machakos to 61.00CFU/g in Trans Nzoia. This study established that the post-harvest practices observed in the study areas led to contamination of maize with mycroflora. In addition, the moisture content levels of stored maize in the counties favoured growth of mycotoxin producing fungi. There is need to identify the mycotoxins produced by the mycotoxin producing fungi isolated in this study.
MONITORING BURNOUT IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT AND EMERGENCY

Background: Burnout among healthcare workers (HCWs) is a prolonged unhealthy response to chronic interpersonal and emotional stress originating in the workplace Prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, burnout was prevalent among HCWs in many intensive care units (ICUs) and emergency departments (EDs) around the world In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of burnout among nurses working in the ICU and ED in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 crisis, and to investigate efforts that can be made to decrease the levels of burnout while the pandemic continues Methods: This work presents an interim analysis of data from one clinical site belonging to a larger study An online anonymous survey was developed to measure the following domains: personal factors, occupational factors, personal opinions related to COVID-19, and burnout level A link to this survey was distributed to ICU and ED nurses at four clinical sites by the site principal investigator Data from one site were obtained and a descriptive interim analysis was conducted using R software Results: Forty-seven surveys were available for analysis A majority (81%) of respondents worked in the pediatric ED, and 40% had worked over 80 hours in the past two weeks Seventy percent of the subjects expressed they were afraid of infecting people at home with COVID-19, and 68% expressed fear of becoming infected themselves Overall, 30% of respondents were classified as having moderate burnout, while only 11% had high burnout levels Discussion: Although burnout was prevalent in many ICUs and EDs before COVID-19, it is now more important than ever to manage and prevent it to maintain a robust healthcare workforce The numbers from our study indicate a high prevalence of burnout among Saudi Arabian nurses, and are comparable to studies among European HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic A question is raised as to whether burnout is an inevitable response to working in healthcare and, in that case, what levels of burnout can be considered acceptable A new approach is needed to monitor burnout among HCWs and implement policy interventions to reduce and prevent it
Efficacy Verification of Team Learning Satisfaction, Problem Solving Ability, and Communication Ability of Problem Solving Process Classes Applying Action Learning, Problem-Based Learning, and Mentoring

The World Economic Forum (WEF) in 2017 publicized ten skills required to thrive in the Fourth Industrial Revolution: (1) Complex Problem Solving, (2) Critical Thinking, (3) Creativity, (4) People Management, (5) Coordinating with Others, (6) Emotional Intelligence, (7) Judgment and Decision Making, (8) Service Orientation, (9) Negotiation, and (10) Cognitive Flexibility. A competent, talented person for the 21st century can be one who not only possesses a wide range of knowledge but also accepts new knowledge, applies it to problem solving, and carries out roles and functions as a member of society. Given the WEF’s list of skills, vocational colleges in the provinces in Korea, in particular, should develop a variety of teaching methods; consideration needs to be given to the significance of nurturing talent, as well as seeking improvement in adaptability, problem-solving ability, communication skills, and interpersonal ability. In these abilities there is a perceived deterioration in student levels of ability. This researcher has been conducting problem solving process (PSP) classes since 2016 in line with the trend of the times and the goal of cultivating talent in college students. The PSP class consists of AL, PBL, and Mentoring. Here, AL is a method where learning occurs Efficacy Verification of Team Learning Satisfaction, Problem Solving Ability, and Communication Ability of Problem Solving Process Classes Applying Action Learning, Problem-Based Learning, and Mentoring
Headspace Volatiles of Sockeye and Pink Salmon as Affected by Retort Process

ABSTRACT: sockeye and pink salmon were canned according to constant and variable temperature retort processes. A total of 102 volatile constituents were detected by gas chromatogrphy-mass spectrometry. Based on principal component anlysis (PRIN) applied to the different classes of volatiles, PRIN1 explained 72.2% of variation and was significant (P < 0.0001) for species differentiation. PRIN2 and PRIN4 extracted smaller variation (14.5% and 3.1%, respectively) but were significant (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) for differences in retort regimes. However, sensory panelists did not find flavor differences between retort modes. Olfactometry revealed that aldehydes, sulfurs, and ketones constituted the major volatile classes of aroma-impact constituents in canned sockeye salmon.
A survey on the modelling of air springs – secondary suspension in railway vehicles

The air spring is the main part of the secondary suspension of passenger railway vehicles. The aim of this paper is to review existing modelling techniques for air springs in order to check if challenges set in the past decade for available models have been met. The advantages and disadvantages of different air spring models (phenomenological/mechanical, thermodynamic, analytic, FEM) are summarised and discussed from the point of view of: model accuracy, multiphysics interaction, influence of structural and material non-linearities, obtention of parameters, frequency range and the balance between accuracy and computational effort. The first conclusion is that current research is mainly focused on the vertical behaviour with less attention paid to the lateral performance. Moreover, it is concluded that further research is needed to include non-linearities of the bellow and to consider fluid-structural interaction; this would allow improving the model of vertical behaviour and evaluating better the lateral performance of the pneumatic system. FEM models might be an interesting tool that allows performing a more complete analysis of air springs (combining different physics, including material non-linearities, considering the real shape of the bellow and reinforcing fibres, etc) favouring the comfort analysis and including the lateral dynamics of the air spring.
Revisiting the Causal Connection between the Great Salinity Anomaly of the 1970s and the Shutdown of Labrador Sea Deep Convection

The Great Salinity Anomaly (GSA) of the 1970s is the most pronounced decadal-scale low-salinity event observed in the subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA). Using various simulations with the Community Earth System Model, here we offer an alternative view on some aspects of the GSA. Specifically, we examine the relative roles of reduced surface heat flux associated with the negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and extreme Fram Strait sea ice export (FSSIE) in the late 1960s as possible drivers of the shutdown of Labrador Sea (LS) deep convection. Through composite analysis of a long control simulation, the individual oceanic impacts of extreme FSSIE and surface heat flux events in the LS are isolated. A dominant role for the surface heat flux events for the suppression of convection and freshening in the interior LS is found, while the FSSIE events play a surprisingly minor role. The interior freshening results from reduced mixing of fresher upper ocean with saltier deep ocean. In addition, we find that the downstream propagation of the freshwater anomaly across the SPNA is potentially induced by the persistent negative NAO forcing in the 1960s through an adjustment of thermohaline circulation, with the extreme FSSIE-induced low-salinity anomaly mostly remaining in the boundary currents in the western SPNA. Our results suggest a prominent driving role of the NAO-related heat flux forcing for key aspects of the observed GSA, including the shutdown of LS convection and transbasin propagation of low-salinity waters.