Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Muscular activation differences between professional and amateur soccer players during countermovement jump

The purpose of this study was to compare the muscular activation strategies of professional and amateur soccer players during countermovement jump. Twenty male soccer players, consisting of 10 amateurs (age: 22.9±3.1 year, training status: 12.2±3.1 year) and 10 professionals (age: 22.2±2.5year, training status: 13.7±2.7year) volunteered to participate in the study. Dominant leg surface electromyography activities of five muscles were recorded during countermovement jump. In addition, isokinetic strength of knee flexor and extensors, peak and average power were calculated. According to our results, the average countermovement jump heights were calculated for amateurs (37.1±3.12 cm) and professionals (41.3±2.58 cm). Furthermore, gastrocnemius muscle activation occurred significantly higher in professional soccer players than that of the amateur soccer players during propulsion (between -150ms and -120ms) and flight phase (between 150ms and 270ms) (p<0,05). Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and biceps femoris muscles contraction values were almost similar in both amateur and professional soccer players which their age, training year and muscle strengths are similar. It could be concluded that pre-activation and post landing phase are important for the jumping performance for both groups; however; the high activation of gastrocnemious muscle could be one of the important determinant for the superior jump performance
Spatial Voting Meets Spatial Policy Positions: An Experimental Appraisal

We develop and validate a novel experimental design that builds a bridge between experimental research on the theory of spatial voting and the literature on measuring policy positions from text. Our design utilizes established text-scaling techniques and their corresponding coding schemes to communicate candidates’ numerical policy positions via verbal policy statements. This design allows researchers to investigate the relationship between candidates’ policy stances and voter choice in a purely text-based context. We validate our approach with an online survey experiment. Our results generalize previous findings in the literature and show that proximity considerations are empirically prevalent in purely text-based issue framing scenarios. The design we develop is broad and portable, and we discuss how it adds to current experimental designs, as well as suggest several implications and possible routes for future research.
The Application of Leadership Styles in Higher Learning Institutions: A Case Study of the University College of Bahrain

This study aims to investigate the dominant leadership styles applied at the University College of Bahrain (UCB) and compare them with the international best practices. All 35 UCB employees participated in the survey agreed that the dominant leadership style applied by UCB management is the transformational leadership style. Comparing the results of the survey with the practices according to literature, it is found that transformational leadership style is the best leadership style to be applied in a higher learning institution. Thus, the current UCB leadership style is already good enough since transformational leadership has been found by many studies to have a positive relationship with job satisfaction. In addition, job satisfaction has a positive relationship with the overall performance of an organization. Therefore, UCB management needs to maintain the current leadership style and enhance its practices for a better result. This study fills the gap in the literature of leadership since it is conducted in a higher education institution in Bahrain. This study can be used as a reference for further studies and as an input for UCB management to come out with strategic decisions to improve the college’s performance.
Blunted neuroendocrine responses linking depressive symptoms and ECG-left ventricular hypertrophy in black Africans: the SABPA study

ObjectiveChronic psychosocial stress as experienced in an urban environment plays an important role in the aetiology of depression-related cardiovascular risk. It is uncertain whether acute mental stress responses aggravate this risk. Therefore, we aimed to explore the associations between depressive symptoms, neuroendocrine acute mental stress responses and cardiovascular risk, that is ECG-left ventricular hypertrophy (ECG-LVH), in a black South African cohort. Materials and methodsThe substudy sample consisted of 179 black African men and women from the Sympathetic Activity and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Africans study. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire and the participants were stratified into black Africans with depressive symptoms and without. Cortisol and 3-methoxy-phenylglycol (MHPG) responses were analysed during rest and exposure to the Stroop mental stressor. Cortisol median split responses were determined and stratified sex groups accordingly into above (>1.5 ng/ml) and below (⩽1.5 ng/ml) responders. Blood pressure and ECG-LVH data were obtained from 24-h ambulatory monitoring and 12-lead ECG. ResultsThe Africans with depressive symptoms demonstrated mean hypertensive status, blunted cortisol and MHPG acute mental stress responses (P⩽0.05). In Africans with depressive symptoms and low cortisol stress responses, blunted MHPG acute mental stress responses were associated with ECG-LVH in Africans [adjusted R2=0.20; &bgr;=0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.74, 1.10); P⩽0.02]. ConclusionBlunted neuroendocrine responses were linked to depressive symptoms and ECG-LVH in black Africans. When coupled to their hypertensive status, these vasoconstrictive agent responses may underpin the increased long-term depression and vascular disease risk in urban Africans.
Teacher Talk in First Grade Classrooms: The Model of Language Provided by Early Elementary Teachers

viii CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW . 8 CHAPTER THREE METHOD . 42 CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS . 56 CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSION . 98 APPENDIX A FSU IRB APPROVAL . 108 APPENDIX B APPROVED PRINCIPAL CONSENT FORM. 109 APPENDIX C APPROVED TEACHER CONSENT FORM . 112 APPENDIX D FIRST INTERVIEW SEMI-STRUCTURED PROTOCOL. 115 APPENDIX E SECOND INTERVIEW SEMI-STRUCTURED PROTOCOL . 116 APPENDIX F INSTRUCTIONS FOR MEMBER CHECKING . 118 APPENDIX G K1 ACADEMIC LANGUAGE WORDS FROM CURRICULUM MAPS . 119 APPENDIX H APPROVAL LETTER FROM SCHOOL DISTRICT. 122 APPENDIX I COXHEAD’S ACADEMIC WORD LIST . 123 APPENDIX J CODING TEACHER TALK SAMPLES USING SALT . 127 APPENDIX K COXHEAD’S ACADEMIC LANGUAGE WORDS AND FREQUENCY 130 APPENDIX L ELLEN’S (T1) QUANTITATIVE DATA . 131 APPENDIX M ELLEN’S K1 ACADEMIC LANGUAGE. 132 APPENDIX N MARY’S (T2) QUANTITATIVE DATA . 133 APPENDIX O MARY’S (T2) K1 ACADEMIC LANGUAGE . 134 APPENDIX P BARBARA’S (T3) QUANTITATIVE DATA . 135
Students’ attitude towards natural sciences

The purpose of research was to investigate students’ attitudes towards natural science in Muaro Jambi, Indonesia. The attitude of the students studied was represented by three indicators, namely the attitude towards the investigation in the Natural Sciences, the adoption of a scientific attitude, and a career interest in the science field. The research was a survey research. The instruments in this study were attitude questionnaires and interview sheets. Data analysis techniques for attitude questionnaires used descriptive statistics while for analyzing interview data using the Miles and Huberman model.The study found students’ good attitudes towards natural science subjects.
RESULTS OF SCREENING FOR PROSTATE CANCER IN A COMMUNITY HOSPITAL

Prostate cancer is the leading cause of male cancer death. With dosage of PSA this tumor can be diagnosed in early stages, with high possibility radical and curative treatments. A controversy remains over population screening for prostate cancer, mainly because it is a very slow growth tumor although there has been data showing a slight diminution in mortality rates with early detection. This paper describes the results of a prostate cancer a screening campaign made at a public hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil. In last week of November of 1996 and November 1997, 1432 men were evaluated. They were seen without previous appointment and answered a questionnaire on urinary symptoms and familiar antecedents; had their blood collected for PSA dosage and were submitted to digital rectal examination. Men with an abdominal DRE and/or PSA levels over 4 ng/dl were called for an ultrasound guided transrectal biopsy. This screening campaign for prostate cancer evaluated 1432 men in two years (1996 and 1997). Transrectal biopsies were made in 250 men; 42 had only abnormal digital rectal examination and 208 had serum prostate specific antigen greater than 4 ng/dl. In 196 biopsies, nineteen cases of prostate cancer were detected, giving an overall detection rate of 9.6%. Familiar history of prostate cancer was found in 9.4% of the men. All of them had PSA greater than 4 ng/dl. Density of PSA could have avoided eighty-seven biopsies, if a threshold level of 0.10 were used. PSA was the strongest predictor of prostate cancer and in men with a PSA level from 4 to 10 ng/dl, density of PSA is more efficient in decreasing the number of unnecessary biopsies. Men with familiar history had an incidence of prostate cancer four times higher.
TEACHER-CHILD RELATIONSHIPS, INTERACTIONS, AND PROBLEM BEHAVIOR: A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS EXAMINING BI-DIRECTIONAL ASSOCIATIONS

TEACHER-CHILD RELATIONSHIPS, INTERACTIONS, AND PROBLEM BEHAVIOR: A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS EXAMINING BI-DIRECTIONAL ASSOCIATIONS By Rachel L. Kunemund A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2019 Director: Kevin S. Sutherland, Ph.D. Professor Department of Counseling and Special Education A number of preschool children engage in consistent problem behaviors that place them at-risk for developing emotional and behavioral disorders. These problem behaviors have been associated with poorer short and long-term outcomes for young children. Teacher-child relationships (i.e. conflict and closeness) and positive interactions between teachers and children may be reciprocally associated with problem behavior (e.g. teacher-child closeness reducing problem behavior). The purpose of this study was to explore the longitudinal bi-directional relations between teacher-child relationships, teacher-child interactions, and problem behavior over a single school year. Using a cross-lagged panel model, data from a larger randomized control trial of the BEST in CLASS program, was examined across three time points, and differences based on intervention participation were examined. Results indicated that there were far fewer paths in the business as usual group compared to the BEST in CLASS group. As expected, in the comparison group, problem behavior at Time 1 predicted lower levels of closeness at Time 2, however, this relation was not significant in the BEST in CLASS group. In the BEST in CLASS model problem behavior at Time 1 negatively predicted Time 2 positive interactions and there was a cross-lagged association with problem behavior at Time 1 predicting higher levels of conflict at Time, which in turn predicted higher levels of problem behavior at Time 3. Additional findings, limitations and implications for intervention work, practice, and policy are discussed.
Role of gray-scale contrast enhanced ultrasound in diagnosis of liver metastasis

Objective To investigate the perfusion and echogenicity of liver metastasis using contrast tuned imaging and to discuss the role of gray-scale contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the diagnosis of liver metastasis in comparison with non-enhanced ultrasound (US) and enhanced CT. Methods(Fifty-three) patients with known malignancies and suspicious liver metastasis by conventional US were performed contrast tuned imaging (CnTI) real time gray scale ultrasound examination,and 49 patients were found focal liver lesions by enhanced CT. The perfusion patterns of liver metastasis were evaluated. The sizes, numbers of lesions found during CEUS were compared with those of conventional US and CT. Results(In 53) patients, 131 lesions in liver were found by US, while 193 liver metastasis were confirmed by CEUS in 51 patients. Sixty-two more lesions were found in 22 patients by CEUS, compared to CT, 46 more lesions were found in 21 patients. The perfusion patterns of 109 major investigated lesions were in four types: (72.5)% (79 lesions) enhanced quickly in rim-like and quickly washed out with different degree in portal phase or parenchymal phase; (15.6)% (17 lesions) bolus-enhanced quickly in arterial phase and quickly washed out in portal phase or parenchymal phase; (8.2)%(9 lesions) presented no enhancement in arterial to parenchyma phase; (3.7)% (4 lesions) enhanced postpone in portal phase or simultaneously with the liver, and slightly washed out in late phase. Conclusions The perfusion patterns of liver metastasis in gray-scale CEUS, especially the early detection of small and minute liver metastasis lesions are useful for stage diagnosis and treatment methods′ selection of malignance patients.
A Case Study of Home Visits Conducted by Kindergarten Teachers in a Low-income Elementary School

The purpose of this single case study was to develop an in-depth description of the practice of home visits conducted by kindergarten teachers with students at the beginning of the school year in a suburban, low-income elementary school in North Carolina. The theory guiding this study was Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) ecological systems theory of human development, as it states that important child development occurs in all environments where children interact. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews, mock letters of advice, and a focus group. The purposive sample included kindergarten teachers who conducted home visits, parents of kindergarteners who had a home visit conducted by their child’s kindergarten teacher, and Early Childhood Leaders in the district who have a vested interest in kindergarten teachers conducting home visits. I analyzed the data through coding and discovering themes. I sought to better understand the practice of kindergarten teachers conducting home visits that are used with kindergarteners by answering the following research questions: How do stakeholders describe the practices of kindergarten teachers conducting home visits in a suburban, low-income North Carolina elementary school? How is the building of relationships described when kindergarten teachers conduct home visits with students starting kindergarten? How is the home environment described when kindergarten teachers conduct home visits with students starting kindergarten? Results showed that the practice of kindergarten teachers conducting home visits is an enjoyable experience for all stakeholders, helps build genuine relationships, is a learning experience for the kindergarten teacher, and is impactful in different ways for each stakeholder.
The effect of cadence on the rate of neuromuscular fatigue and the slow component of oxygen uptake in cyclists during heavy exercise

This study was designed first to replicate previously published data which examined the effect of cadence on the rate of neuromuscular fatigue of the vastus lateralis muscle in cyclists during heavy exercise and how neuromuscular fatigue was incorporated in the selection of preferred cadence in cyclists. It was the intention of this study to expand previous work and include the examination of other lower limb musculature and detemine a global measure of neuromuscular fatigue for each cadence selected. In addition, the present study sought to assess the affect of cadence on the slow component of oxygen uptake (VO2 SC) and attempt to establish a relationship between this slow component and a global measure of neuromuscular fatigue. Twelve cyclists performed four sessions of cycling exercise at a power output corresponding to their individual ventilatory thresholds (VT). Each criterion exercise session was performed at a different cadence, ranging from 55 to 100 RPM in 15 RPM steps. A measure of the rate of neuromuscular fatigue was calculated using both a previously published and a novel methodology. Neuromuscular fatigue was evaluated in vastus lateralis, soleus, gastrocnemius, biceps femoris, and gluteus maximus; a global representation was calculated as the sum of the rates of neuromuscular fatigue from all muscle groups. No level of neuromuscular fatigue was observed during the criterion exercise for any of the cadence conditions. There was no relationship between a global representation of neuromuscular fatigue and cadence. The VO2 SC displayed a significant quadratic trend (p < 0.05) over the range of cadences, with a calculated minimum value at 80.8 RPM. No relationship between neuromuscular fatigue and the VO2 SC was established, suggesting a different mechanistic basis for these two variables. These data suggested that cyclists do not use a measure of neuromuscular fatigue in the selection of preferred cadence at power outputs corresponding to VT. The cadence minimizing the VO2 SC did not match the cyclists' preferred cadence, however did corresponded to the pedal frequency previously shown to maximize the efficiency of Type I muscle fibers. I would like to acknowledge the contribution that many individuals have made not only to my Thesis but to my entire graduate experience. I would like to thank my family for their continued understanding and support throughout my Master's degree. I would like to thank my fellow grad students with whom I have spent so much of my time. Specifically Kelly Moore, Kevin McKim, Andrea Kalda, Mike Bodner, and Erica Sprules all deserve my highest regards for helping me get through the tough times and enjoy the good times. Thank you to all of my committee members for their support and assitance during the last year. I would like to specially thank my supervisor, David Sanderson. His guidance over the last 3 years has been an enriching experience.
Experiencing and regulating desire

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Development and evaluation of resources for teaching evolution in primary schools

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A Step Towards Stronger Police-Youth Relationships: Examining How Youth and Police View the Role of Police in Communities

In an effort to identify barriers to stronger police-youth relationships, this study looks at whether there is a potential contrast in the way police officers and youth view the role of police in communities. An extensive review of literature was conducted to examine how policing practices may influence the way officers view their role in addition to the way youth perceptions of police are shaped. A deficit was revealed in the research on how youth view a police officer’s role, in particular. To answer this question, a sequential explanatory design was implemented. Multi-phase research was conducted through two slightly varying surveys followed by in-person interviews that were completed by 16-24-year-old members of a YouthBuild program and police department, both of which are located in a mid-sized coastal Massachusetts city. Findings showed that the hurdle was not in the way police officers and youth view the role of police, but in the perceptions that youth hold of police in addition to the lack of understanding by police of youth experience in the community. Suggestions are made towards overcoming such hurdles through the implementation of community partnerships with organizations that provide support to local youth. Limitations presented in time allotted for research, number of participants, and the diversity of police officer participants.
Wpływ zachowań zdrowotnych na jakość życia osób z niewydolnością serca

Wstep. Niewydolnośc serca jest chorobą przewleklą, ktora prowadzi do znacznego upośledzenia pracy ukladu krązenia. Zachowania zdrowotne związane ze stosowaniem uzywek, niewlaściwym sposobem zywienia przyczyniają sie do rozwoju schorzenia oraz nasilają jego objawy. Jakośc zycia jest determinowana przez zachowania zdrowotne. Celem pracy bylo określenie wplywu preferowanych zachowan zdrowotnych na jakośc zycia osob z niewydolnością serca. Material i metody. Przebadano 101 osob z rozpoznaniem niewydolności serca hospitalizowanych na oddziale internistycznym Szpitala św. Antoniego w Ząbkowicach Śląskich. Zachowania zdrowotne oceniano za pomocą kwestionariusza IZZ Juczynskiego, natomiast do pomiaru jakości zycia stosowano kwestionariusz WOQL-BREF. Wyniki. Badana grupa uzyskala przecietny poziom zachowan zdrowotnych i jakości zycia. Wyzsze wyksztalcenie, lepsze warunki socjalno-bytowe oraz pozostawanie w związku malzenskim przekladają sie na wyzszy poziom zachowan zdrowotnych i wyzszą jakośc zycia. Kobiety cześciej podejmują zachowania prozdrowotne. Wiek wplywa na korzystniejsze zachowania zdrowotne. Jakośc zycia obniza sie wraz z wiekiem. Wraz ze wzrostem zachowan zdrowotnych wzrasta poziom jakości zycia. Wnioski. Osoby z niewydolnością serca powinny przestrzegac zachowan prozdrowotnych, poniewaz przyczyniają sie one do poprawy jakości ich zycia. Zachowania zdrowotne odgrywają istotną role w procesie ochrony zdrowia oraz stanowią nieodlączny element wplywający na poprawe zdrowia.
Mindfulness of the kindness of others: The contemplative practice of Naikan in cultural context

Mindfulness in the Buddhist tradition involves a variety of practices, and contemporary secular forms of mindfulness practices, therapies, and interventions can similarly be broadened to include more of these forms. The Japanese practice of Naikan takes one mindfulness practice from the Buddhist tradition—that of recollecting the kindness of others—and asks clients to engage in this practice for 1 solid week, 15 hours per day. Difficult interpersonal relationships and a perceived lack of social support are chief sources of stress, and Japanese selfhood in particular has been described as interdependent and highly social in nature. It is unsurprising therefore that Japanese would be drawn to relational forms of practice like Naikan, and that they would find particular benefit from such practices. Recent ethnographic and survey work I have conducted at 2 Naikan centers suggests that Naikan significantly improves positive mental health, perceived connection with others, and perceived meaning in life, even up to 6 months later, thereby potentially undercutting factors contributing to depression and suicide. Naikan practice is not entirely limited to Japan, however, and its use in Europe and North America prompts us to ask about the culturally specific and universal aspects of mindfulness practices, and how we may construct mindfulness interventions that are best suited for addressing the mental health problems that face our communities.