Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
U–Pb Age, Setting and Tectonic Significance of the Anorthosite–Mangerite–Charnockite–Granite Suite, Lofoten–Vesterålen, Norway

Mangerites, charnockites, anorthosites, gabbros and granites occur within a high-grade metamorphic complex in the Lofoten–Vestera ulen islands of northern Norway. U–Pb dating of zircon, titanite and monazite indicates a three-stage magmatic history beginning at 1870–1860 Ma with the emplacement of the Lodingen and Hopen plutons, followed by a dominant stage at 1800–1790 Ma that formed the bulk of the suite, and concluded by the emplacement of pegmatites, local rehydration and retrogression between 1790 and 1770 Ma. On the scale of the Baltic Shield the 1870–1860 Ma episode corresponds to contraction, amalgamation of arcs, and regional deformation. By contrast, the episode at 1800–1790 Ma was characterized by major shifts in plate convergence, by intraplate deformation, and by a diversity of magmatic associations including suites derived from the subcontinental mantle and widespread granitoid rocks extracted from the continental crust. The diversity of concurrent magmatic events across the Svecofennian orogen, and the temporal coincidence with collisional events in coeval orogenic belts, suggests that the genesis of the suite of magmatic rocks may have been related to tectonically driven mechanisms of magma generation.
Universitet EST analysis on pig mitochondria reveal novel expression differences between developmental and adult tissues

Background: The mitochondria are involved in many basic functions in cells of vertebrates, and can be considered the power generator of the cell. Though the mitochondria have been extensively studied there appear to be only few expression studies of mitochondrial genes involving a large number of tissues and developmental stages. Here, we conduct an analysis using the PigEST resource [1] which contains expression information from 35 tissues distributed on one normalized and 97 non-normalized cDNA libraries of which 24 are from developmental stages. The mitochondrial PigEST resource contains 41,499 mitochondrial sequences. Results: The mitochondrial EST (Expressed Sequence Tag) sequences were assembled into contigs which covers more than 94 percent of the porcine mitochondrial genome, with an average of 976 EST sequences per nucleotide. This data was converted into expression values for the individual genes in each cDNA library revealing differential expression between genes expressed in cDNA libraries from developmental and adult stages. For the 13 protein coding genes (and several RNA genes), we find one set of six genes, containing all cytochrome oxidases, that are upregulated in developmental tissues, whereas the remaining set of seven genes, containing all ATPases, that are upregulated in adult muscle and brain tissues. Further, the COX I (Cytochrome oxidase subunit one) expression profile differs from that of the remaining genes, which could be explained by a tissue specific cleavage event or degradation pattern, and is especially pronounced in developmental tissues. Finally, as expected cDNA libraries from muscle tissues contain by far the largest amount (up to 20%) of expressed mitochondrial genes. Conclusion: Our results present novel insight into differences in mitochondrial gene expression, emphasizing differences between adult and developmental tissues. Our work indicates that there are presently unknown mechanisms which work to customize mitochondrial processes to the specific needs of the cell, illustrated by the different patterns between adult and developmental tissues. Furthermore, our results also provide novel insight into how in-depth sequencing can provide significant information about expression patterns. Published: 11 October 2007 BMC Genomics 2007, 8:367 doi:10.1186/1471-2164-8-367 Received: 16 July 2007 Accepted: 11 October 2007 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral. com/1471-2164/8/367 © 2007 Scheibye-Alsing et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CEO TENURE AND ABNORMAL RETURNS PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN FINANCE

Given that CEO tenure is considered an impetus to firm performance, we analyze the abnormal returns for different tenure groups using the Fama-French (1993) and Carhart (1997) four-factor model. The empirical result shows that firm performance is positively related to CEO tenure. However, the relation is not linear. CEOs with tenure group of 7 to 10 years have the highest alpha and the abnormal return of tenure above 10 years is slightly smaller. Furthermore, portfolios constructed by tenure group suggest that it is practical to generate abnormal returns by taking a long position at firms with long-tenured CEOs and a short position at firms with short-tenured CEOs. The long-short strategy also implies that tenure has a greater effect on firm performance in small firms compared to large firms.
Rapid early innate control of hepatitis C virus during IFN-α treatment compromises adaptive CD4+ T-cell immunity

The ability to control HCV with IFN‐α‐based treatments provides an opportunity in humans to study how the rate of viral clearance in vivo impinges on the development of antiviral responses. Ex vivo (IFN‐γ‐producing) and cultured antiviral CD4+ T cells, serum cytokines, and viral loads were measured repeatedly in a cohort of chronically HCV‐infected subjects (n = 33) receiving IFN‐α. Rapid control of virus indicated by an increased calculated rate of virus clearance, occurred in those subjects demonstrating absent/minimal T‐cell responses (p < 0.0006). Surprisingly, in subjects who demonstrated the most robust T‐cell responses (and reduced serum IL‐10), there was actually a reduced rate of early virus clearance. A subsequent analysis of NK‐cell function in available subjects (n = 8) revealed an inverse correlation between pretreatment NK‐cell expression of NKp46 and the potential to upregulate cytotoxic function on exposure to IFN‐α (p < 0.004), as well as the subsequent measured rate of viral clearance (p = 0.045). Thus, the CD4+ T‐cell response during IFN‐α treatment appears to be shaped by the rate of innate virus suppression. These data suggest that individuals who respond most effectively to immune intervention may be most in need of subsequent vaccination to prevent reinfection.
Field Relationships, Geochemistry, Zircon Ages and Evolution of a Late Archaean to Palaeoproterozoic Lower Crustal Section in the Hengshan Terrain of Northern China

The Hengshan complex forms part of the central zone of the North China Craton and consists predominantly of ductilely-deformed late Archaean to Palaeoproterozoic high-grade, partly migmatitic, granitoid orthogneisses, intruded by mafic dykes of gabbroic composition. Many highly strained rocks were previously misinterpreted as supracrustal sequences and represent mylonitized granitoids and sheared dykes. Our single zircon dating documents magmatic granitoid emplacement ages between 2.52 Ga and 2.48 Ga, with rare occurrences of 2.7 Ga gneisses, possibly reflecting an older basement. A few granitic gneisses have emplacement ages between 2.35 and 2.1 Ga and show the same structural features as the older rocks, indicating that the main deformation occurred after ~2.1 Ga. Intrusion of gabbroic dykes occurred at ~1920 Ma, and all Hengshan rocks underwent granulite-facies metamorphism at 1.88–1.85 Ga, followed by retrogression, shearing and uplift. We interpret the Hengshan and adjacent Fuping granitoid gneisses as the lower, plutonic, part of a late Archaean to early Palaeoproterozoic Japan-type magmatic arc, with the upper, volcanic part represented by the nearby Wutai complex. Components of this arc may have evolved at a continental margin as indicated by the 2.7 Ga zircons. Major deformation and HP metamorphism occurred in the late Palaeoproterozoic during the Luliang orogeny when the Eastern and Western blocks of the North China Craton collided to form the Trans-North China orogen. Shear zones in the Hengshan are interpreted as major lower crustal discontinuities post-dating the peak of HP metamorphism, and we suggest that they formed during orogenic collapse and uplift of the Hengshan complex in the late Palaeoproterozoic (1.85 Ga).
Ironing Out Algal Issues in the Southern Ocean

Periods of iron supply to the ocean over geological time scales may have altered climate by increasing the amount of COfixed by anaemic (iron-limited) phytoplankton. In his perspective, Boyd comments on three papers ( Coale et al., Bishop et al., and Buesseler et al.) that report results from recent large-scale experiments in which ocean waters have been enriched with iron. By measuring how much carbon fixed by phytoplankton is sequestered into the abyss, the experiments test the hypothesis that enhanced iron supply leads to enhanced export of particulate organic carbon.
Reaping the benefits of small-scale irrigation dams in North-Western Ghana: Experiences from three districts in the Upper West Region

The Government of Ghana since independence has undertaken the construction of a considerable number of small-scale dams in the Upper West Region to increase water accessibility for small-scale irrigation. The aim is to promote all year round cropping, increase income and eventually improve standard of living of the populations in the dam communities. This study which was conducted in north-western part of Ghana sought to investigate whether the provision of these small-scale irrigation facilities in three of the districts of the Upper West Region have succeeded in reducing the incidence of poverty and youth out-migration in the area. Using both qualitative and quantitative techniques of data collection, the study showed that there have been some positive effects of these small-scale irrigation dams which include a steady increase in household food production, household income and the reduction in youth out-migration from dam communities. The study concludes that the construction of small-scale irrigation dams should be intensified to cover all areas in northern Ghana that have low lands for potential irrigation development. When this is done, it will be one of the surest tools to reduce poverty and stern the tide of rural out-migration of the youth from the northern Ghana to destinations south of the country.
Carbon Storage of Forest Vegetation and Its Geographical Distribution in Hunan Province

The carbon storage and density of forest vegetation in Hunan Province were estimated based on the data from the 4th forest resource inventory(1990～1995)and the measured biomass equation of different forest categories. The results show that the total carbon storage and the average carbon density of forest vegetation in Hunan accounts for 173.974 Tg and 15.88 t·hm~(-2) respectively. Among 14 prefectures, Huaihua possesses the largest carbon storage of 31.047 Tg. The carbon storages of forest vegetation in Yongzhou, Chengzhou and Shaoyang rank in the next three places with the values of 21.527, 19.306, 19.239 Tg respectively. The average carbon density in different prefectures ranges from 12.01 to 17.95 t·hm~(-2). In terms of forest categories, Cunninghamia lanceolata forest has the largest carbon storage of 51.588 Tg, occupying 29.65% of the total carbon storage in Hunan. The broad-leaf forest has the highest carbon density of 32.45 t·hm~(-2), which is 2 times as many as the average value of carbon density in Hunan.
Patterns and Implications of Land Use/Cover Change

Abstract Land use/cover changes during the period 1963–1993 and their ecological and socioeconomic implications in Pranmati Watershed in the Indian Himalaya were analyzed on the basis of information extracted from archival records, satellite data, participatory discussions, and field measurement. Agricultural land use was practiced on 14.2% of the watershed area in 1963 compared with 18.5% in 1993. More than 50% of the agricultural expansion occurred in community forests between 1850 and 2400 m and on 20–30° slopes. The increase in area under cash crops, potato, and amaranth accompanied an 86% increase in the mean monetary value of crop produce but at the cost of abandoning the traditional crops Fagopyrum esculentum, F. tataricum, Panicum miliaceum, and Setaria italica. Agricultural land use changes were such that mean manure input at the watershed scale increased by 50%, and fodder output from crops decreased by 40%, implying the increasing pressure on forests. Local forest management institutions have not been adequately empowered to respond to the growing economic aspirations of people and the increasing population pressure. Research and policy support for improvement in traditional soil fertility management practices and forest resource-based economic development opportunities for local people is needed to reduce the threat from agriculture to forest ecosystems.
Subsurface Response Model for Storm Events within Susquehanna River Basin

A three-equation model for subsurface response is presented. The model is based on storm events for various sized watersheds within the Susquehanna River Basin. The equations represent the peak flow, time to peak, and time base of the subsurface response. The model was developed using multiple variable regression and numerical optimization. The variables used in the regression analysis are related to the physical processes causing subsurface response and were obtained from streamflow and precipitation gauges, a digital elevation model, and land use and soils data. The measured peak subsurface discharge, time to peak, and time base required for the regression analysis were obtained by separating storm hydrographs into direct runoff and subsurface responses. A linear separation from the initial rise of the hydrograph to the inflection point on the recession limb was utilized. The model was developed from a dataset of 50 watersheds by 20 storms ~1,000 watershed-events! , with the watersheds ranging in size from 14 km 2 to 67,000 km 2 . The results indicate that the measured and predicted subsurface response variables agree well, considering the great variation in the observed responses and the time and space scales of the available data. DOI: 10.1061/~ASCE! 1084-0699~2002! 7:2~185! CE Database keywords: Base flow; Geographic information systems; Ground water; Hydrographs; Hydrologic models; Digital tech- niques; Pennsylvania; River basins.
Zasadność podejścia MSR 14 do sprawozdawczości segmentów działalności - na przykładzie grupy kapitałowej spółki notowanej na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie

Artykul w swej treści prezentuje podejście do segmentacji dzialalności zawarte w MSR 14 Sprawozdawczośc dotycząca segmentow dzialalności na przykladzie Grupy Kapitalowej. Przeprowadzona analiza bazuje na ujawnionych informacjach o segmentach dzialalności w raportach okresowych dla roku 2006 oraz wnioskach powstalych w wyniku przeprowadzonego wywiadu z osobą odpowiedzialną za przygotowanie tych informacji. Celem artykulu jest określenie zasadności zawartego w standardzie podejścia do sprawozdawczości segmentow dzialalności.
What competence does a rheumatologist need?: an international perspective

OBJECTIVES To forecast, on the basis of the past and present position of rheumatologists in Europe, the competence needed in the future to secure and promote the specialty within the healthcare network. METHODS Union Européenne des Médecins Spécialistes/European Board of Rheumatology (UEMS/EBR) questionnaire on (a) training centres in Europe, (b) rheumatologists' skills, (c) UEMS core curriculum. RESULTS 173 training centres in rheumatology were identified. Reponses to the questionnaire showed both harmony and diversity in the practice of rheumatology. Harmony arises from the need to (a) have an extensive and profound knowledge of, and clinical experience with, all the causes of painful or disabled locomotor apparatus; (b) manage such disorders in the most cost effective way; and (c) promote “shared clinical decision making”. The diversity seen both among and within the European countries is due to the different activities of rheumatologists. CONCLUSION Rheumatological competence must be based on a common core, as described in the UEMS core curriculum, and on deeper and diverse clinical or scientific knowledge covering the entire field of the specialty, to secure its flexibility and resilience in the market place and to promote its scientific development.
Using ǫ-greedy reinforcement learning methods to further understand ventromedial prefrontal patients’ deficits on the Iowa Gambling Task

If you believe this document infringes copyright then please contact the KAR admin team with the take-down information provided at http://kar.kent. ac.uk/contact.html Citation for published version Kalidindi, Kiran and Bowman, Howard and Wyble, Brad (2005) Using e-greedy reinforcement learning methods to further understand ventromedial prefrontal patients' deficits on the Iowa Gambling Task. Technical report. , Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NF, UK
The Effect of Glutamine Supplementation on Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress

The shift in balance between oxidant/antioxidant in favor of oxidants is termed oxidative stress. Physical exercise may increase accumulation of free radicals and induce oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of 7 day glutamine supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress. Nineteen healthy, nonsmoking, young men were recruited to participate in this study. Participants were randomized in a double-blind placebo-controlled fashion into 2 groups: Glutamine (G group) (n = 9) and placebo (P group) (n = 10). Subjects consumed daily either placebo (1.5 g/kg glutamine + 250ml water + 15g sweetener) or glutamine (250ml water + 15g sweetener) for 7 days. Then, Participants ran 14 km. Blood samples were taken before supplementation, before exercise, immediately, and 1h after exercise. TAC significantly increased immediately after exercise compared with preexercise just in G group (P<0.05). There was significant GHS increasein G group after supplementation, immediately, and 1h after exercise, but just 1h after exercise in P group compared with baseline(P<0.05). MDA-TBARS significantly increased 1h after exercise compared with preexercise just in P group (P<0.05). It seems 7day glutamine supplementation has been able to affectoxidative stress markers via possibly effect on antioxidant agents.
Lake sedimentary DNA accurately records 20th Century introductions of exotic conifers in Scotland

Summary Sedimentary DNA (sedDNA) has recently emerged as a new proxy for reconstructing past vegetation, but its taphonomy, source area and representation biases need better assessment. We investigated how sedDNA in recent sediments of two small Scottish lakes reflects a major vegetation change, using well‐documented 20th Century plantations of exotic conifers as an experimental system. We used next‐generation sequencing to barcode sedDNA retrieved from subrecent lake sediments. For comparison, pollen was analysed from the same samples. The sedDNA record contains 73 taxa (mainly genus or species), all but one of which are present in the study area. Pollen and sedDNA shared 35% of taxa, which partly reflects a difference in source area. More aquatic taxa were recorded in sedDNA, whereas taxa assumed to be of regional rather than local origin were recorded only as pollen. The chronology of the sediments and planting records are well aligned, and sedDNA of exotic conifers appears in high quantities with the establishment of plantations around the lakes. SedDNA recorded other changes in local vegetation that accompanied afforestation. There were no signs of DNA leaching in the sediments or DNA originating from pollen.
International Competitiveness and Monetary Policy: Strategic Policy and Coordination with a Production Relocation Externality

Can a country gain international competitiveness by the design of optimal monetary stabilization rules? This paper reconsiders this question by specifying an open-economy monetary model encompassing a ‘production relocation externality,’ developed in trade theory to analyze the benefits from promoting entry of domestic firms in the manufacturing sector. In a macroeconomic context, this externality provides an incentive for monetary authorities to trade-off output gap with pro-competitive profit stabilization. While helping manufacturing firms to set competitively low prices, optimal pro-competitive stabilization nonetheless results in stronger terms of trade, due to the change in the country’s specialization and composition of exports. The welfare gains from international policy coordination are large relative to the case of self-oriented, strategic conduct of stabilization policy. Empirical evidence confirms that the effects of monetary policy design on the composition of trade predicted by the theory are present in data and are quantitatively important.
Thermodynamic evolution of the cosmological baryonic gas : II. Galaxy formation

The problem of galaxy formation and its dependence on thermodynamic properties is addressed by using Eulerian hydrodynamic numerical simulations of large scale structure formation. Global galaxy properties are explored in simulations including gravitation, shock heating and cooling processes, and following self-consistently the chemical evolution of a primor- dial composition hydrogen-helium plasma without assuming collisional ionization equilibrium. The galaxy formation model is mainly based on the identification of converging dense cold gas regions. We show that the evolution at low redshift of the ob- served cosmic star formation rate density is reproduced, and that the galaxy-like object mass function is dominated by low-mass objects. The galaxy mass functions are well described by a two power-law Schechter function whose parameters are in good agreement with observational fits of the galaxy luminosity function. The high-mass end of the galaxy mass function includes objects formed at early epochs and residing in high-mass dark matter halos whereas the low-mass end includes galaxies formed at later epochs and active in their "stellar" mass formation. Finally, the influence of two other physical processes, photoion- ization and non-equipartition processes between electrons, ions and neutrals of the cosmological plasma is discussed and the modifications on galaxy formation are examined.
HCC-Associated Single Nucleotide Variants and Deletions Identified Using Genome-Wide High Throughput Analysis of HBV

Wen-Chun Liu, I-Chin Wu, Yen-Chien Lee, Chih-Peng Lin, Ji-Hong Cheng, Yih-Jyh Lin, Chia-Jui Yen, Pin-Nan Cheng, Pei-Fu Li, Yi-Ting Cheng, Pei-Wen Cheng, Koun-Tem Sun, Shu-Ling Yan, Jia-Jhen Lin, Jui-Chu Yang, Kung-Chao Chang, Cheng-Hsun Ho, Vincent S. Tseng, Bill Chia-Han Chang, Jaw-Ching Wu, Ting-Tsung Chang 1 Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan, ROC 2 Infectious Disease and Signaling Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC 3 Department of Oncology, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC 4 Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC 5 Yourgene Bioscience, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 6 Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng