Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Integrating a MOOC Platform on the Teaching of Computer Science Course: A Case Study

The present study reports an attempt to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of integrating teaching MOOC platform into traditional learning system to teach a face-to-face course. It investigated students’ opinions of Sharurah College of Science and Arts about the benefits and challenges based on their learning experiences in a hybrid learning environment. The researcher used both quantitative and qualitative methods to address the research questions. The study shows the following findings: a MOOC platform, as a new source for learning, supports teaching and learning in a hybrid learning environment; it can be used to support traditional learning; students like and are interested in a hybrid MOOC learning environment; and, finally, the most challenges affecting the hybrid MOOC environment are Internet drop/low speed connections and limited time for discussion in the MOOC.
An Analysis of Biopsychosocial Factors Associated With Chronic Pain Severity Among Hospitalized People Living With HIV in Shenzhen, China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Chronic pain is a primary health problem in people living with HIV (PWH). However, there is limited research regarding chronic pain among PWH in Chinese health care settings. To investigate biopsychosocial factors of chronic pain severity, we conducted a cross-sectional study in Shenzhen, China. Chronic pain was defined as pain lasting for more than three months. Pain intensity was measured using the numeric rating scale (NRS). Among 123 hospitalized PWH, 78.86% of participants had mild pain and 21.14% had moderate–severe pain. Multiple logistic regression results indicated that PWH in moderate–severe pain group were more likely to have higher levels of interleukin [IL]-6 (OR = 1.034, 95% CI: 1.003–1.066, p = .029) and anxiety (OR = 1.334, 95% CI: 1.071–1.662, p = .010) than those in the mild chronic pain group. Targeted pain management interventions should be explored in clinical practices and future studies regarding PWH with high levels of IL-6 and anxiety.
Classification of Acoustic Hearing Preservation After Cochlear Implantation Using Electrocochleography

The objective to preserve residual hearing during cochlear implantation has recently led to the use of intracochlear electrocochleography (ECochG) as an intraoperative monitoring tool. Currently, a decrease in the amplitude of the difference between responses to alternating-polarity stimuli (DIF response), predominantly reflecting the hair cell response, is used for providing feedback. Including other ECochG response components, such as phase changes and harmonic distortions, could improve the accuracy of surgical feedback. The objectives of the present study were (1) to compare simultaneously recorded stepwise intracochlear and extracochlear ECochG responses to 500 Hz tone bursts, (2) to explore patterns in features extracted from the intracochlear ECochG recordings relating to hearing preservation or hearing loss, and (3) to design support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) classifiers of acoustic hearing preservation that treat each subject as a sample and use all intracochlear ECochG recordings made during electrode array insertion for classification. Forty subjects undergoing cochlear implant (CI) surgery at the Oslo University Hospital, St. Thomas’ Hearing Implant Centre, or the University Hospital of Zurich were prospectively enrolled. In this cohort, DIF response amplitude decreases did not relate to postoperative acoustic hearing preservation. Exploratory analysis of the feature set extracted from the ECochG responses and preoperative audiogram showed that the features were not discriminative between outcome classes. The SVM and RF classifiers that were trained on these features could not distinguish cases with hearing loss and hearing preservation. These findings suggest that hearing loss following CI surgery is not always reflected in intraoperative ECochG recordings.
Improving primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding by adapting therapy to the clinical stage of cirrhosis. A competing‐risk meta‐analysis of individual participant data

Non‐selective β‐blockers (NSBBs) and endoscopic variceal‐ligation (EVL) have similar efficacy preventing first variceal bleeding. Compensated and decompensated cirrhosis are markedly different stages, which may impact treatment outcomes. We aimed to assess the efficacy of NSBBs vs EVL on survival in patients with high‐risk varices without previous bleeding, stratifying risk according to compensated/decompensated stage of cirrhosis.
Peer popularity and self‐discipline as protective factors against depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents: Do boys and girls benefit equally?

Abstract The current study examined the concurrent and longitudinal protective effects of peer popularity and self‐discipline (control, planning, and the ability to prioritize important things) against depressive symptoms among adolescents. We used multilevel modeling to examine the data of 1676 adolescents aged 12–15 years from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) survey, a large‐scale panel survey with a nationally representative sample. Results showed that both peer popularity and self‐discipline predicted lower levels of depressive symptoms measured concurrently. The buffering effect of self‐discipline against concurrent depressive symptoms was stronger for girls than for boys, especially in middle adolescence. Peer popularity additionally predicted lower levels of depressive symptoms 4 years later, and this effect was stronger for girls than for boys. These patterns of results were maintained after controlling for self‐rated physical health and society‐level factors. We discuss these findings against the background of distinct traditional gender roles.
Setting individualised goals for people living with dementia and their family carers: A systematic review of goal-setting outcome measures and their psychometric properties

Background Individualised goal-setting outcome measures can be a useful way of reflecting people living with dementia and family carers’ differing priorities regarding quality-of-life domains in the highly heterogeneous symptomatology of the disease. Evaluating goal-setting measures is challenging, and there is limited evidence for their psychometric properties. Aim (1) To describe what goal-setting outcomes have been used in this population; (2) To evaluate their validity, reliability, and feasibility in RCTs. Method We systematically reviewed studies that utilised goal-setting outcome measures for people living dementia or their family carers. We adapted a risk of bias and quality rating system based on the COSMIN guidelines to evaluate the measurement properties of outcomes when used within RCTs. Results Thirty studies meeting inclusion criteria used four different goal-setting outcome measures: Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS), Bangor Goal Setting Interview (BGSI), Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and Individually Prioritized Problems Assessment (IPPA); other papers have reported study-specific goal-setting attainment systems. Only GAS has been used as an outcome over periods greater than 9 months (up to a year). Within RCTs there was moderate quality evidence for sufficient content validity and construct validity for GAS, COPM and the BGSI. Reliability was only assessed in one RCT (using BGSI); in which two raters reviewed interview transcripts to rate goals with excellent inter-rater reliability. Feasibility was reported as good across the measures with a low level of missing data. Conclusion We found moderate quality evidence for good content and construct validity and feasibility of GAS, BGSI and COPM. While more evidence of reliability of these measures is needed, we recommend that future trials consider using individualised goal setting measures, to report the effect of interventions on outcomes that are most meaningful to people living with dementia and their families.
Migration and mobility in the latest Neolithic of the Traisen valley, Lower Austria: Archaeology

In the course of the project “Das Endneolithikum im Unteren Traisental (The Endneolithic of the Lower Traisen valley)”,184 graves from 16 grave groups situated at 10 sites were investigated. Most of the graves belonged to the Corded Ware culture and 27 graves to the Bell Beaker culture. In this article we concentrate on the grave groups designated Franzhausen I, Franzhausen II and Franzhausen III. “Foreign” types and raw materials were concentrated in the graves of Franzhausen III but not in those of Franzhausen I. This raises the question of whether these two grave groups, which differ in material culture and chronologically, also differ with respect to the associated migration patterns. To answer this question, the human remains were investigated by 87Sr/86Sr isotope analysis. Franzhausen II, which features graves belonging to almost all of the Late Neolithic phases found in Franzhausen, was used as a control group. Samples of the teeth needed for analysis were available for 49 individuals. Among these 49 individuals, six were identified as outliers; five of those came from Franzhausen III. The investigation of the archaeological material and the 87Sr/86Sr isotope analyses of skeletal remains of the Late Neolithic of Traisen valley revealed that both types of investigation are capable of detecting human mobility and they can provide mutual confirmation of results. For the population of this period we have ascertain that the migration rate for the earlier phase of the Corded Ware culture was greater, whereas a more sedentary life style can be discerned for the later phase of the Corded Ware culture and the later phase of the Bell Beaker culture. Nevertheless as the numbers of investigated individuals are still low, we must treat these results with caution and steer clear of far-reaching interpretations.
Clear-sky greenhouse effect sensitivity to sea surface temperature changes : an evaluation of AMIP simulations

Seasonal and interannual variations of the clear-sky greenhouse effect (G) are analysed for 10 general circulation models (GCMs) participating in the atmospheric model intercomparison project (AMIP). Results are compared to ERBE observations between 1985 and 1988. In order to trace the source of G variability, we also study modelled variability of the precipitable water content (W) and compare the results to ISCCP/TOVS and SSM/I estimates. For a subset of models, the variability of temperature and water vapour profiles are also examined and compared to ECMWF analyses and NCEP/NCAR reanalyses for the year 1988. Large differences between models and a bias relative to observations are pointed out for annual mean values of W and G as well as for their seasonal and interannual variabilities. The model discrepancies are larger in the tropics. In these regions, there is a dry bias in all the GCMs considered relative to both ISCCP/TOVS and SSM/I and factors of 2 or 3 are found in the variability of G and W compared to observations. The GCMs considered tend to overestimate the seasonal variation of G in middle latitudes and to underestimate it in the tropics. The opposite is found for interannual variations. Inspection of vertical temperature and relative humidity profiles reveals that the origin of the clear-sky greenhouse effect variability can be very different from one model to another.
Impact of preoperative uni- or multimodal prehabilitation on postoperative morbidity: meta-analysis

Abstract Background Postoperative complications occur in up to 43% of patients after surgery, resulting in increased morbidity and economic burden. Prehabilitation has the potential to increase patients’ preoperative health status and thereby improve postoperative outcomes. However, reported results of prehabilitation are contradictory. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the effects of prehabilitation on postoperative outcomes (postoperative complications, hospital length of stay, pain at postoperative day 1) in patients undergoing elective surgery. Methods The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs published between January 2006 and June 2023 comparing prehabilitation programmes lasting ≥14 days to ‘standard of care’ (SOC) and reporting postoperative complications according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. Database searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO. The primary outcome examined was the effect of uni- or multimodal prehabilitation on 30-day complications. Secondary outcomes were length of ICU and hospital stay (LOS) and reported pain scores. Results Twenty-five studies (including 2090 patients randomized in a 1:1 ratio) met the inclusion criteria. Average methodological study quality was moderate. There was no difference between prehabilitation and SOC groups in regard to occurrence of postoperative complications (OR = 1.02, 95% c.i. 0.93 to 1.13; P = 0.10; I2 = 34%), total hospital LOS (−0.13 days; 95% c.i. −0.56 to 0.28; P = 0.53; I2 = 21%) or reported postoperative pain. The ICU LOS was significantly shorter in the prehabilitation group (−0.57 days; 95% c.i. −1.10 to −0.04; P = 0.03; I2 = 46%). Separate comparison of uni- and multimodal prehabilitation showed no difference for either intervention. Conclusion Prehabilitation reduces ICU LOS compared with SOC in elective surgery patients but has no effect on overall complication rates or total LOS, regardless of modality. Prehabilitation programs need standardization and specific targeting of those patients most likely to benefit.
The potential influence of the digital food retail environment on health: A systematic scoping review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION The digital food retail environment (defined in this study as a digital platform, app or website where food can be purchased by individuals for personal consumption) is an emerging component of the wider food system. We aimed to systematically search and review the literature to understand the potential influence of the digital food retail environment on population diets and health. METHODS Four databases (across health, business, and marketing) and grey literature were searched using terms relating to "food and beverages," "digital," and "purchasing. " Identified studies were included if they examined any aspect of the digital food retail environment where outcomes were examined with a health-related focus and were published before September 2023. All study designs were included (quantitative, qualitative, observational, and experimental). Reviews and conference abstracts were excluded. RESULTS We identified 21,382 studies, of which 57 articles were eligible for inclusion. Of the 57 included studies, 30 studies examined online grocery retail, 22 examined online food delivery platforms, and five examined meal kit subscription services. Of the 30 studies examining online grocery retail, six studies reported that customers believed they purchased fewer unhealthy food and beverages when shopping online, compared with shopping in-store. Nevertheless, customers also reported that their ability to choose healthy foods and beverages was reduced when shopping online due to difficulty in product comparison. Studies that examined online food delivery platforms primarily found that they promoted unhealthy foods and beverages more often than healthy options, through extensive use of marketing practices such as price discounts and images, and that unhealthy food offerings on these platforms dominate. Meal kit subscription services offered mostly healthy meals, with studies suggesting that these types of services may help individuals alleviate some of their "mental load" and stress related to cooking meals for their families. CONCLUSIONS The literature describing the digital food retail environment was found to be diverse, with different aspects having potential to impact health in different ways. Some evidence suggests that online grocery retail and meal kit subscription services may have positive population dietary impacts, whereas online food delivery platforms appear likely to promote unhealthy food purchasing. However, the current evidence base is fragmented, with many knowledge gaps. Further research is required to understand the influence of the digital food retail environment on population diets and how these environments can be designed to support healthy food choices.
Chronotype influences on posttraumatic stress disorder induced by the twin earthquakes in Turkey: A cross-sectional study among medical students

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the correlation between chronotypes and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in medical students affected by earthquakes in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, while elucidating if the PTSD manifestation varies among different chronotypes four months post-disaster. The study encompassed 193 medical students, subjected to the sociodemographic data form, the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). The results indicated that students identified as “evening types” reported significantly elevated PCL-5 scores (p < 0.001) relative to “morning” and “intermediate” types. According to PCL-5 scores, 43.5% of the participants exhibited PTSD, with a higher occurrence among the evening types. Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that lower MEQ scores independently correlated with elevated PTSD symptoms (β = -0.1389 [95% CI = -0.273 ˗ −0.0048], p = 0.042), suggesting the potential of eveningness as a risk factor for PTSD post-disaster. These findings could enhance our understanding of PTSD, aid the development of preventive strategies, and underscore the importance of considering chronotypes. Further expansive, population-based studies with a longitudinal design are necessary to better understand the relationship between PTSD and the circadian system.
Artificial intelligence for ventricular arrhythmia capability using ambulatory electrocardiograms

Aim: Current clinical practice guidelines for implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are insufficiently accurate for ventricular arrhythmia (VA) risk stratification leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Artificial intelligence offers novel risk stratification lens through which VA capability can be determined from electrocardiogram in normal sinus rhythm. The aim was to develop and test a deep neural network for VA risk stratification using routinely collected ambulatory electrocardiograms. Methods: A multicentre case-control study was undertaken to assess VA-ResNet-50, our open source ResNet-50 based deep neural network. VA-ResNet-50 was designed to read pyramid samples of 3-lead 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiograms to decide if a heart is capable of VA based on the electrocardiogram alone. Consecutive adults with VA from East Midlands, UK, who had ambulatory electrocardiograms as part of their NHS care between 2014 and 2022 were recruited and compared to all comer ambulatory electrocardiograms without VA. Results: Of 270 patients, 159 heterogeneous patients had a composite VA outcome. The mean time difference between the electrocardiogram and VA was 1.6 years ([1/3] ambulatory electrocardiogram before VA). The deep neural network was able to classify electrocardiograms for VA capability with an accuracy of 0.76 (CI 95% 0.66 - 0.87), F1 score of 0.79 (0.67 - 0.90), AUC of 0.8 (0.67 - 0.91) and RR of 2.87 (1.41 - 5.81). Conclusion: Ambulatory electrocardiograms confer risk signals for VA risk stratification when analysed using VA-ResNet-50. Pyramid sampling from the ambulatory electrocardiograms is hypothesised to capture autonomic activity. We encourage groups to build on this open-source model.
Calling for diversity: improving transfusion safety through high-throughput blood group microarray genotyping

Blood transfusions, conducted between donors compatible in their red blood cell (RBC) antigens, play a life-saving role in transfusion medicine. Genetic differences at blood group loci between ethnicities result in diversity and altered frequency of RBC antigens that need to be considered in blood transfusion. Consequently, comprehensive, and accurate blood group antigen typing is especially relevant for inter-ethnicity blood transfusions and for minorities underrepresented in the donor population. Blood group microarray genotyping is a cost-efficient and scalable method for comprehensive blood group typing. Previously, however, microarray typing has been challenging for the clinically important blood group systems Rh and MNS, as these feature highly paralogous genomic loci leading to mixed signals. We here present an approach for accurately typing blood group systems, including Rh and MNS variations, that we benchmarked in an ethnically diverse cohort. We tested its performance using gold-standard, diagnostic-grade MALDI-TOF data from 1,052-samples, including 334 HGDP-CEPH diversity panel samples and applied the approach to 4,999 samples of a COVID-19 genetics study. Overall, we obtained a 99.95% benchmarking concordance and 99.43% call rate. In summary, we provide a highly accurate and cost-efficient high-throughput genotyping method for comprehensive blood group analysis that is also suitable for ethnically diverse sample sets.
Rethinking Robustness of Model Attributions

For machine learning models to be reliable and trustworthy, their decisions must be interpretable. As these models find increasing use in safety-critical applications, it is important that not just the model predictions but also their explanations (as feature attributions) be robust to small human-imperceptible input perturbations. Recent works have shown that many attribution methods are fragile and have proposed improvements in either these methods or the model training. We observe two main causes for fragile attributions: first, the existing metrics of robustness (e.g., top-k intersection) overpenalize even reasonable local shifts in attribution, thereby making random perturbations to appear as a strong attack, and second, the attribution can be concentrated in a small region even when there are multiple important parts in an image. To rectify this, we propose simple ways to strengthen existing metrics and attribution methods that incorporate locality of pixels in robustness metrics and diversity of pixel locations in attributions. Towards the role of model training in attributional robustness, we empirically observe that adversarially trained models have more robust attributions on smaller datasets, however, this advantage disappears in larger datasets. Code is made available at https://github.com/ksandeshk/LENS.