Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Persistent Activation of Calcium‐Sensing Receptor Suppresses Bone Turnover, Increases Microcracks, and Decreases Bone Strength

Activating mutations of calcium‐sensing receptor (CaSR) cause autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 1 (ADH1). Patients with ADH1 exhibit similar features to patients with hypoparathyroidism, including reduced serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Ca with low bone turnover. Although persistent suppression of bone turnover may increase bone fragility, bone strength in ADH1 patients has been unclear. We created knock‐in mice harboring the A843E activating mutation of CaSR, mimicking severe features of ADH1 patients. The severe form of ADH1 model mice showed smaller body and bone size with lower bone mineral density (BMD) and cortical area of the femur compared with age‐matched wild‐type (WT) mice. Bone strength in the femur was lower in ADH1 mice even after correction by bone geometry and/or BMD. Microcracks were markedly increased in ADH1 mice, but were rarely detected in WT mice. There was a negative correlation between bone strength corrected by bone geometry and/or BMD and microcrack number or density in ADH1 and WT mice. Among ADH1 mice, negative correlation was still observed between bone strength and microcrack number or density. Microcracks increased with age in ADH1 mice, and were negatively correlated with bone strength. Treatment with PTH(1‐34) or a calcilytic, JTT‐305, increased bone turnover, reduced microcracks, and increased bone strength to similar levels to those in WT mice. The increase in microcracks was associated with a reduction in bone strength in ADH1 mice, and aging aggravates these changes. These results demonstrate that activating mutation of CaSR causes reduction in PTH secretion with suppressed bone turnover, that reduced bone turnover is associated with an age‐dependent increase in microcracks with a reduction in bone strength, and that both PTH(1‐34) and calcilytic ameliorate all these changes in bone turnover and strength. It is suggested that fracture susceptibility may be increased in severe types of ADH1 patients especially in the elderly. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Dynamic Estimation of Hourly Fluctuation of Influent Biodegradable Carbonaceous and Nitrogenous Materials Using Activated Sludge System

The study was aimed at developing an alternative method to catch biodegradable concentrations in municipal wastewater, especially for designing wastewater treatment plants receiving storm water where the influent concentrations significantly changed in time. As conventional water analytical methods required lots of samples and numerous analysis, which was practically infeasible, a lab-scale nitrifying activated sludge reactor having on-line DO meter and quick-test nitrate kit was installed at the experimental site in Hue, Vietnam. By fixing the hydraulic retention time with 2.0 hours and aeration intensity, the biodegradable concentrations in the influent including carbonaceous and nitrogenous compounds were back-calculated from the dynamic response of dissolved oxygen concentration in the aeration tank and the nitrate concentration in the effluent using IWA Activated Sludge model. During the data collection event for 24 hours, the influent was also sampled at 1-hr interval and its concentrations were compared with those calculated. The field experiment successfully demonstrated that the back-calculation method could reasonably estimate the influent biological concentration on the basis of biological oxygen demand where the concentration was highly fluctuated in time. Based on the experiment, the feasibility to measure sudden elevation and decrease of pollutant load in the first flush was discussed in the paper.
“I Hope I Make It”: Alternative School Students’ Attendance and the Need for an Expanded Accountability

Few empirical studies describe the interior world of alternative school settings. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 11 alternative school students, discussing factors that contribute to absenteeism as well as the circumstances that led them to enroll in an alternative setting. We find that students’ regular attendance is facilitated by (1) stable housing, (2) a means of transportation to school, (3) feelings of belonging, and (4) flexible supports from staff. Given that two of these pertain to matters beyond the school, we argue for an “expanded accountability,” in which the language of “accountability” is broadened to encompass non-educational policymaking.
Quantitative assessment of phytochemicals and nutritional potential of leaves and seeds of Cleome viscosa from Abakaliki, Nigeria

The phytochemicals and nutritional potential of the leaves and seeds of Cleome viscosa were assessed by determining phytochemical, proximate, vitamin and mineral compositions. Results indicate alkaloid contents of the leaves and seed as 0.21 and 6.12 mg/100g respectively. Other findings are flavonoids 0.02 and 0.45, tannins 0.08 and 1.18, phenol 0.50 and 0.04, steroids 2.66 and 0.37, saponon 0.35 and 2.77, oxalates 0.01 and 0.66, cyanide 0.61 and 1.07 mg/100g for the leaves and seed respectively. Also, the results indicate carboydrate contents of the leaves and seed as 56.44 and 40.00% respectively. Others include: Crude Protein 13.52 and 6.41, Fats 4.29 and 1.32, Crude fibre 12.52 and 27.35, Ash 4.96 and 13.10, Moisture 8.26 and 11.83%. Vitamin content indicate the order vit A Na<Zn in the seeds. Phytochemical analysis revealed high oxalate, phenol but low sterol content in the studied plant materials. Oxalate and cyanide levels were higher in the seeds compared to the leaves. These results suggest that Cleome viscosa is awfully nutritive despite the presence of some anti-nutrients like oxalate and cyanide.
Comparison of iron carboxy maltose and iron sucrose in pregnant females

Background: Maternal anaemia is a common problem worldwide. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of FCM vs iron sucrose for correction of iron deficiency during pregnancy.Methods: This study was conducted in Swasthya healthcare, Jammu for a period of ten months from Sep 2017 to June 2018. A total of 100 women with Hb 7-9.9g% enrolled. They were divided into two groups of 50 each. Group A were given Iron Carboxy maltose and Group B were given Iron Sucrose. These were compared for their efficacy and safety.Results: In the present study, the rise in mean hemoglobin at 4 weeks in Group A was 1.79±0.47 and 1.06±0.11 in Group B which was highly significant (p-value<0.0001). Rise in mean serum ferritin level at 4 weeks in Group A was 123.80±16.03 and in Group B was 84.78±10.53. Statistically, this rise was also highly significant (p<0.0001). In present study, adverse reactions were observed in 34% patients in Group A, while in Group B it was observed in 52% patients.Conclusions: Iron carboxy maltose shows higher rise in hemoglobin and ferritin levels as compared to Iron Sucrose and incidence of adverse effects is also comparatively lower in the former.
Cinnamon species: In vivo Anti-Oxidant Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Cinnamon Zeylanicum and Cinnamon Cassicae Barks

Background: The diabetic population is increasing highly in the worldwide due to the poor control of diabetes and environmental conditions. It disturbs the carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism. The natural medicines obtained from the plant source may be the effective treatment of diabetes. Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate the antioxidant activities of the ethanolic bark extract of Cinnamon zeylanicum and Cinnamon cassiacae. in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced oxidative stress in rats. Methods: Oxidative stress is induced with a single dose of STZ 60 mg/kg b.w. and then the animals are treated with a dose of various concentrations of ethanolic bark extract of Cinnamon zeylanicum and Cinnamon cassiacae (200 mg/kg b.w, 400 mg/kg b.w, and 600 mg/ kg b.w) for 45 days. After the treatment lipid peroxides (LPO), Reduce Glutathione (GSH), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) levels are determined. Glibenclamide is used as a standard drug (3 mg/kg b.w.). Results: The present study exposed that the administration of ethanolic bark extract of Cinnamon zeylanicum and Cinnamon cassiacae showed a significant decrease in LPO levels. The treatment also finds that the significant increase in GSH, GPx, SOD and CAT levels in the liver, when compared with diabetic control rats. Conclusion: The results proved that the ethanolic bark extract of Cinnamon zeylanicum and Cinnamon cassiacae treated group may effectively regulate the antioxidant status in STZ induced diabetic treated groups.
Photochemical impacts of haze pollution in an urban environment

Abstract. Rapid economic growth in China over the past 30 years has resulted in significant increases in the concentrations of small particulates (PM2.5) over the city of Beijing. In addition to health problems, high aerosol loading can impact visibility and thus reduce photolysis rates over the city, leading to potential implications for photochemistry. Photolysis rates are highly sensitive not only to the vertical distribution of aerosols but also to their composition, as this can impact how the incoming solar radiation is scattered or absorbed. This study, for the first time, uses aerosol composition measurements and lidar optical depth to drive the Fast-JX photolysis scheme and quantify the photochemical impacts of different aerosol species during the Air Pollution and Human Health (APHH) measurement campaigns in Beijing in November–December 2016 and May–June 2017. This work demonstrates that severe haze pollution events (PM2.5 > 75 µg m−3) occur during both winter and summer, leading to reductions in O3 photolysis rates of 27 %–34 % (greatest in winter) and reductions in NO2 photolysis of 40 %–66 % (greatest in summer) at the surface. It also shows that in spite of much lower PM2.5 concentrations in the summer months, the absolute changes in photolysis rates are larger for both O3 and NO2. In the winter, absorbing species such as black carbon dominate the photolysis response to aerosols, leading to mean reductions in J[O1D] and J[NO2] in the lowest 1 km of 24 % and 23 %, respectively. In contrast, in the summer, scattering aerosol such as organic matter dominate the response, leading to mean decreases of 2 %–3 % at the surface and increases of 8 %–10 % at higher altitudes (3–4 km). During these haze events in both campaigns, the influence of aerosol on photolysis rates dominates over that from clouds. These large impacts on photochemistry can have significant implications for concentrations of important atmospheric oxidants such as the hydroxyl radical. Idealized photochemical box model studies show that such large impacts on photochemistry could lead to a 12 % reduction in surface O3 (3 % for OH) due to haze pollution. This highlights that PM2.5 mitigation strategies could have important implications for the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere both at the surface and in the free troposphere.
Aktivitas Antiinflamasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Karas (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.)

Karas ( Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.) leaves contain secondary metabolite such as alkaloid, flavonoid, phenol, antraquinone, and triterpenoid. Flavonoid compound has anti inflammatory activity. This research was conducted to investigate the effective anti inflammatory dose from the reduction of rat paw edema using plethismometer. Karas leaves was macerated with 96% ethanol and then evaporated until crude extract was obtained. This research was carried out using 25 male rats that was divided into 5 treatment groups, negative control (CMC-Na 1%), positive control (Natrium diclofenac 4.5 mg/kgBW), dosage I (45 mg/kgBW), dosage II (90 mg/kgBW), and dosage III (180 mg/kgBW). The extract was administrated orally half an hour before the induction of 0.1 ml carragenan 2% solution. The anti inflammatory activity was observed from the volume of edema, AUC, and the percentage of antiinflammatory activity. The data was analyzed by ANOVA using SPSS. The result shows that there was a significant difference between negative control with the treatment groups (dosage I, II, and III). There was no significant difference between positive control with dosage II and III, however there was a significant difference to dosage I. The percentage of antiinflammatory activity of positive control, dosage I, dosage II, and dosage III was 39.3%, 22.9%, 29.6%, and 37.9% respectively. The conclusion of this research was that the effective dose of ethanolic extract form karas leaves was 180 mg/kgBB.
IN Vitro Experimental Evaluation of Antiviral and Anticancer Potentials of Both Orange Albedo and Grape Seed Extracts

Nowadays, the recovery of health benefit bioactive compounds from fruit wastes is a research trend not only to help minimize the waste burden, but also to meet the intensive demand from the public for phenolic compounds which are believed to have protective effects against chronic diseases. The present work aimed to evaluate the antiviral and anticancer potentials of reusable Orange Albedo Extract (OAlbE) and Grape Seed Extract (GSE) wastes. Results revealed that the IC50 values of OAlb M/E and GSE M/E extracts in MCF-7 cell line were 184439, 48108, 344, 11.68 μgm / ml and was 6016 μgm / ml for SGSE 24 hrs post treatment respectively, while the IC50 Fruits and vegetables wastes and by-products, which are formed in great amounts during industrial processing, represented a serious problem, as they exert an influence on environment and need to be managed and/or utilized. On the other hand, they are very rich in bioactive components, which are considered to have a beneficial effect on health. Using the agro wastes therapeutically are new ideas which are slowly gaining popularity. They are values of the extracts in Caco-2 cell line were 23708, 14107, 1158, 15607 μgm / ml and was 430 μgm / ml for SGSE 24 hrs post treatment, respectively. The SGSE was of a higher potential toxicity than experimental extracted one. Antiviral activity of E/M OAlbE and GSE showed the same antiviral potential; 0.51 log (10) / 0.1 ml (12.9%) respectively. While the antiviral potential against HAV revealed that OAlbE/M and GSME showed low potential against HAV recording 0.26 log (10) /0.1 ml. On the contrary both O-AlbE and GSME showed no antiviral potential compared with standard IFN (5 IU/ml) recorded a depletion of viral infectivity titers recording 3.25 log (10) / 0.1 ml (41.93%) and 3 log (10) /0.1 ml (40%) for RVFV and HAV respectively. Also, anticancer potentials was proved as there was a remarkable BCL-2 , P53 and Bax genes expression compared with control respectively. It can be concluded that both E/M OAlb and GSE are promising antiviral and anticancer agents. More intensified investigations must be conducted to maximize the biological potentials of both extracts. A higher level of characterization of extract contents must be achieved and evaluated for targeting the most promising fraction has both bioactivities considered.
Flexible ZIFs: probing guest‐induced flexibility with CO
 2
 , N
 2
 and Ar adsorption

BACKGROUND: The effect of framework topology on the guest‐induced flexibility of several crystalline zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF‐7, ZIF‐9, ZIF‐11 and ZIF‐12) was investigated via analysis of experimental nitrogen (N₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂) and argon (Ar) isotherms at 77 K (N₂ and Ar) and 273 K (CO₂) for gas pressures up to 0.13 MPa. RESULTS: The experimental isotherms of these frameworks were analysed in order to investigate their structural flexibility using gases with kinetic diameters equal to or larger than the diameters of their static pore apertures. The results of gas sorption measurements indicate guest‐induced phase changes for ZIF‐7 and ZIF‐9 (SOD topologies). ZIF‐12 (RHO topology) also shows uptake for gases, despite its pore‐limiting diameter being smaller than the kinetic diameters of the adsorbed molecules. CONCLUSIONS: This work highlights the ability of ZIFs with different framework topologies to change their structure and increase their pore aperture upon interaction with certain gases. These findings are key in the development of more selective ZIF‐based materials for important industrial applications including low‐energy gas separations, catalytic nanoreactors and sensor technology. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
A novel multi-electrochromic polymer based on selenophene and benzotriazole via electrochemical and chemical polymerization

Abstract In this study, a novel donor-acceptor type monomer was designed based on selenophene and benzotriazole with a bulky pendant group and synthesized through Stille coupling reaction. The monomer was polymerized electrochemically by using cyclic voltammetry and also chemically by oxidation in the presence of FeCl3. Both polymers were then compared in terms of their optical properties, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical behaviors, kinetic and colorimetric properties and surface morphologies. Independent of the polymerization method, both electrochemically (E-PSeBTz) and chemically polymerized (C-PSeBTz) coatings showed quite similar properties. Both polymers have p-doping character and multichromic properties in their oxidized states. The polymers can be fully switched between their oxidized and neutral states in fairly short times with acceptable optical contrast at different wavelengths. Both polymers exhibit a λmax of 505 nm and the optical band gaps of the materials were found to be 1.85 eV and 1.80 eV for E-PSeBTz and C-PSeBTz, respectively.
Involvement of Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in the Pathogenesis of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objectives: Prior studies indicate that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays a key role in pathogenesis of plaque rupture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the involvement of serum MMP-9 enzyme at pathogenesis of the plaque rupture in coronary atherosclerosis. Methods: The study enrolled 80 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention in our institution. Inclusion in the case group (n = 40) required a ruptured coronary atherosclerotic plaque confirmed by conventional angiography, whereas inclusion in the control group (n = 40) required stable coronary atherosclerosis. Serum MMP-9 levels were determined by ELISA. Cardiac Infarction Injury Score (CIIS) by electrocardiogram and Gensini score (Coronary Angiographic Scoring System) were utilized for assessing the severity of coronary artery disease. Results: The average level of MMP-9 was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (396±155 ng/mL vs. 223±87 ng/mL, p<0.001) with further demonstration that MMP-9 is an independent predictor of plaque rupture (β = 0.985, p><0.001). MMP-9 is well correlated with Gensini and CIIS score (r = 0.552, p ><0.01 and r = 0.340, p><0.01, respectively). Furthermore, serum MMP-9 enzyme significantly increased in accordance with the severity of the myocardium damage (p ><0.01) by CIIS score. Conclusion: MMP-9 plays a role at pathogenesis of plaque rupture in coronary atherosclerosis. ><0.001) with further demonstration that MMP-9 is an independent predictor of plaque rupture (β = 0.985, p<0.001). MMP-9 is well correlated with Gensini and CIIS score (r = 0.552, p ><0.01 and r = 0.340, p><0.01, respectively). Furthermore, serum MMP-9 enzyme significantly increased in accordance with the severity of the myocardium damage (p ><0.01) by CIIS score. Conclusion: MMP-9 plays a role at pathogenesis of plaque rupture in coronary atherosclerosis. ><0.001). MMP-9 is well correlated with Gensini and CIIS score (r = 0.552, p<0.01 and r=0.340, p<0.01, respectively). Furthermore, serum MMP-9 enzyme significantly increased in accordance with the severity of the myocardium damage (p<0.01) by CIIS score. Conclusion: MMP-9 plays a role at pathogenesis of plaque rupture in coronary atherosclerosis.
The Impact of Radiotherapy in the in Vitro Remineralization of Demineralized Enamel

Objective: To evaluate the impact of radiotherapy on enamel around restorations of glass ionomer cement (GIC) and fluoride tooth paste (FTP). Material and Methods: Eighty enamel blocks were made and randomly distributed into two groups, according to the fluoride therapy, non-fluoride tooth paste (NFTP) and FTP (n=40) and in subgroups in conformity with radiation dose (0, 10, 30 and 60 Gy). Roughness and microhardness enamel analyses were conducted before radiotherapy. Enamel cavities were made and restored with two GIC (Ketac Molar Easy Mix or Vitremer). Enamel blocks were submitted to 10, 30 and 60 Gy. Then, artificial enamel caries lesions were created by a pH-cycling procedure and FTP or NFTP were used as treatment. The restored enamel blocks were submitted to final roughness and microhardness analyses. Roughness increase (∆R) and hardness loss (∆H) values of enamel were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test (p=0.05). Results: The irradiated enamel group showed statistically higher ∆R (0.44 ±0.2) and ∆H (99.26±7.0) values compared to non-irradiated group (∆R = 0.051±0.02; ∆H=66.16±12.7) when a resin-modified GIC and NFTP were used. Conclusion: Higher radiation dose increased dissolution of bovine enamel. The use of GIC associated with FTP decreased roughness and increased enamel hardness after radiotherapy.
Phosphorus release kinetics and solubility capacity of phosphorus fractionation induced by organic acids from a black soil in northeast China

Abstract: Phosphorus (P) fertilizers are added to improve the soil P fertility, but the rate of P release can greatly influence its availability. Organic acids are effective in the release of inorganic P (Pi), but the contribution of each Pi fraction is not well understood. This study reported the transformation rate of P and solubility of Pi fractions induced by organic acids. Path analysis was utilized to explore the direct and indirect effects of Pi fractions on the amount of total Pi (TPi) solubilized. Results showed that the P release was initially rapid, followed by a slower release that lasted up to 2160 h, and the Elovich equation was the best-fitted kinetic equation to estimate the transformation rate of available P. The amount of TPi-solubilized by oxalic and citric acids tended to increase with increasing organic acid concentrations. Oxalic acid exhibited a lower TPi-solubility capability than citric acid when the organic acid concentration was ≤1 mmol L-1, whereas citric acid was higher at ≥1.5 mmol L-1. The Al-P-solubilized had the highest content of studied fractions, and path analysis revealed that the Al-P-solubilized exhibited a significant direct effect on TPi-solubilized. Thus, Al-P is a potential P source in black soil.
An efficient synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of 5-alkenyl- and 5-styryl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles

The cyclodehydration of O -acylamidoximes at room temperature in the superbase system KOH/DMSO represents a simple and efficient way to 5-alkenyl-and 5-styryl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles. This method is suitable for the preparation of 5-(4-vinylphenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles as well. Results of the antimicrobial tests demonstrated that the synthesized compounds exhibit a moderate antimicrobial effect against E.coli , S.aureus and C.albicans strains