Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computation of Double-Cone Experiments in High Enthalpy Nitrogen

A series of experiments studying hypervelocity nitrogen flow over double-cone geometries has been conducted in the T5 Shock tunnel at the California Institute of Technology. Holographic interferometry was used to visualize the flow. These experiments were designed to test thermochemical models used in hypersonic flow computations, and the geometries were chosen specifically to produce flow fields sensitive to the effects of finite rate chemistry. Comparisons between the experimental and computational interferograms show that the computations cannot reproduce the experimental results. The reasons for the differences between the computations and experiments are the uncertainties in both equilibrium and nonequilibrium dissociation rates for nitrogen. The double-cone flow fields with a large separation zone are much more sensitive to the chemical rates than blunt body flow fields. Until the equilibrium dissociation rates for nitrogen are known more accurately, it is impossible to asses the validity of current vibration-dissociation coupling models.
A Short-Term Paleolithic Dietary Intervention Does Not Alter Adipokines Linked to Adiposity.

The Paleolithic diet, characterized by an emphasis on hunter-gatherer type foods accompanied by an exclusion of grains, dairy products, and highly processed food items, is often promoted for weight loss and a reduction in cardiometabolic disease risk factors. Specific adipokines, such as adiponectin, omentin, nesfatin, and vaspin are reported to be dysregulated with obesity and may respond favorably to diet-induced fat loss. We aimed to evaluate the effects of an eight-week Paleolithic dietary intervention on circulating adiponectin, omentin, nesfatin, and vaspin in a cohort of physically inactive, but otherwise healthy adults. METHODS Seven inactive adults participated in eight weeks of adherence to the Paleolithic Diet. Fasting blood samples, anthropometric, and body composition data were collected from each participant pre-and post-intervention. Serum adiponectin, omentin, nesfatin, and vaspin were measured. RESULTS After eight weeks of following the Paleolithic diet, there were reductions (p<0.05) in relative body fat (-4.4%), waist circumference (- 5.9 cm), and sum of skinfolds (-36.8 mm). No changes were observed in waist to hip ratio (WHR), or in adiponectin, omentin, and nesfatin (p>0.05), while serum vaspin levels for all participants were undetectable. CONCLUSIONS It is possible that although eight weeks resulted in modest body composition changes, short-term fat loss will not induce changes in adiponectin, omentin, and nesfatin in apparently healthy adults. Larger, long-term intervention studies that examine Paleolithic diet-induced changes across sex, body composition, and in populations with metabolic dysregulation are warranted.
Argentinean Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ)

The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) is a self-report measure designed to assess the two most widely studied strategies of Gross' model: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Even though there are two Spanish adaptations of the ERQ, region-specific linguistic factors and dialects must also be considered when adapting a test for another country in order to ensure equivalent evaluations across cultures. The present work developed an Argentinean adaptation of the ERQ. Additionally, the study evaluated its psychometric properties and associations with theoretically related constructs. Study 1 consist of the translation the ERQ into Argentinean Spanish and the analysis of its internal structure and reliability in a sample of 2957 participants. The results supported a two-factor structure with good data fit, adequate factor loadings, and good test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Expected age and gender differences in the use of reappraisal and suppression were also observed. Study 2 analyzed the external validity (concurrent and convergent) of the ERQ adaptation in a sample of 2160 participants. Theory-consistent associations were found with emotion regulation mechanisms, anxiety, depression, and personality traits. In summary, the findings support the validity of a new ERQ adaptation and its use in Argentina.
Emotional disclosure in palliative care: A scoping review of intervention characteristics and implementation factors

Background: Emotional disclosure is the therapeutic expression of emotion. It holds potential as a means of providing psychological support. However, evidence of its efficacy in palliative settings is mixed. This may be due to variation in intervention characteristics. Aim: To derive a greater understanding of the characteristics of potentially effective emotional disclosure-based interventions in palliative care by: (1) Developing a taxonomy of emotional disclosure-based interventions tested in people with advanced disease and (2) Mapping and linking objectives, outcomes, underlying mechanisms, and implementation factors. Design: A scoping review drawing on Intervention Component Analysis to combine evidence from studies’ methods, results, and discussion sections. Data sources: Six databases were searched to May 2020 including CINAHL, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE. Studies of emotional disclosure in adults with advanced disease were included. Study quality was appraised using an established tool. Results: Seven thousand seven hundred ninety-two unique records were screened, of which 25 primary studies were included. Intervention characteristics were grouped into classes within three domains: topic of disclosure, format, and dose. Evidence was not available to determine which, if any, of the characteristics is most effective. Thematic synthesis of evidence from methods and discussion sections identified factors to consider in tailoring an emotional disclosure-based intervention to this setting, including: population characteristics (e.g. time since diagnosis), providing a safe environment, and flexibility in format. Conclusions: This review approach facilitated a clearer understanding of factors that may be key in developing emotional disclosure-based interventions for palliative populations. Intervention Component Analysis has potential for application elsewhere to help develop evidence-based interventions.
A descriptive pilot survey of behavioural addictions in an adolescent secondary school population in Ireland.

OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of possible internet addiction, gaming addiction, gambling addiction and associated mental health difficulties in a secondary school population in Ireland. METHODS An online survey containing questions related to internet addiction, gaming addiction, gambling addiction and associated mental health difficulties was administered to secondary school adolescents in Ireland. Participants were self-selecting and answered questions on the characteristics of each topic and screening questionnaires for addiction to each behaviour, as well as their respective effects on mental health. RESULTS A total of 234 children participated in the survey (156 males; aged 12-18 years; average age of 14.2 years; S.D. 1.60). Internet addiction as assessed using the Chen Internet Addiction Scale was present for between 11.5% and 22.6% and levels of gaming addiction as assessed using by the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form was present for between 0.5% and 1.6%. Weak positive correlations were found between time spent on the internet and time spent gaming with internet addiction and gaming addiction, respectively. There were weak positive correlations between higher internet addiction scores, higher gaming addiction scores, and increased depression and anxiety scores. Using the South Oaks Gambling Screen-Revised for Adolescents, two participants were classed as 'at-risk' for gambling addiction and one participant was classed as a problem gambler. CONCLUSIONS The present study examined behavioural addictions and their effects on mental health on a self-selecting sample of schoolchildren at two schools in Ireland. A low number were identified as being at risk or problem gamblers.
Are efficient learners of verbal stimuli also efficient and precise learners of visuospatial stimuli?

ABSTRACT People differ in how quickly they learn information and how long they remember it, and these two variables are correlated such that people who learn more quickly tend to retain more of the newly learned information. Zerr and colleagues [2018. Learning efficiency: Identifying individual differences in learning rate and retention in healthy adults. Psychological Science, 29(9), 1436–1450] termed the relation between learning rate and retention as learning efficiency, with more efficient learners having both a faster acquisition rate and better memory performance after a delay. Zerr et al. also demonstrated in separate experiments that how efficiently someone learns is stable across a range of days and years with the same kind of stimuli. The current experiments (combined N = 231) replicate the finding that quicker learning coincides with better retention and demonstrate that the correlation extends to multiple types of materials. We also address the generalisability of learning efficiency: A person’s efficiency with learning Lithuanian-English (verbal-verbal) pairs predicts their efficiency with Chinese-English (visuospatial-verbal) and (to a lesser extent) object-location (visuospatial-visuospatial) paired associates. Finally, we examine whether quicker learners also remember material more precisely by using a continuous measure of recall accuracy with object-location pairs.
Plasma as a resuscitation fluid for volume‐depleted shock: Potential benefits and risks

Moreover, albumin also stimulates red blood cells and platelets to release S1P. S1P binds to S1P1 receptors activating Rac1. Rac1 activation has widespread physiological functions in the endothelial cell. It upregulates both endothelial tight junctions and adherent junctions and induces actin cytoskeletal reorganization strengthening endothelial barrier function, reducing endothelial permeability. Also, RAC1 inhibits MMP function resulting in reduced glycocalyx breakdown further retaining endothelial function. By replenishing adiponectin, inflammation is reduced by adiponectin-mediated inhibition of TNF- α and reduction of inflammatory cell response. By binding of adiponectin to AdipoR2, NF- κβ signaling is inhibited leading to reduced inflammation, endothelial permeability, and activation. AdipoR 2 , adiponectin receptor 2; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; Rac1, Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1; RBC, red blood cell; S1P, Sphingosine-1-Phosphate; S1P1, sphingosine-1-Phosphate receptor 1; TNF- α , tumor necrosis factor- α mechanisms of shock-induced microthrombi formation. Shock results in inflammation-mediated activation of the endothelial cells with release of VWF. High amounts of VWF will multimerize and form prothrombotic ULVWF multimers with high platelet-binding affinity. In normal conditions, ULVWF multimers are cleaved by ADAMTS13 into smaller, less prothrombotic VWF monomers. However, as ADAMTS13 levels are decreased during shock, the ULVWF multimers will promote platelet aggregation, resulting in microthrombi formation. This process may result in obstruction of microcirculation, inflammation, increased endothelial permeability, edema which leads to organ damage. Furthermore, the thrombin burst in shock is not counterbalanced by antithrombin. Antithrombin levels and activity are low in shock, further fueling thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and microthrombi formation. ADAMTS13, a desintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs, member 13; AT, antithrombin; ULVWF, ultra-large von Willebrand Factor multimers; VWF, von Willebrand Factor
High immunogenicity of a messenger RNA based vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in chronic dialysis patients

Abstract Background Patients with chronic kidney disease, dialysis patients and kidney-transplant patients are at high risk of developing severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Data regarding the immunogenicity of anti-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2 messenger RNA (anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA) vaccines in dialysis patients were published recently. We assessed the immunogenicity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in dialysis patients. Patients and Methods One hundred-nine patients on hemodialysis (n = 85) or peritoneal dialysis (n = 24) have received two injections of 30-μg doses of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech), that were administered intramuscularly 28 days apart. Those who were still seronegative after the second dose were given a third dose one month later. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were tested before and after vaccination. Results Ninety-one out of the 102 patients who had at least a one-month follow-up after the second (n = 97) or the third (n = 5) vaccine doses had anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The seroconversion rate was 88.7% (86 out of 97 patients) among SARS-CoV-2 seronegative patients at the initiation of vaccination. Receiving immunosuppressive therapy was an independent predictive factor for non-response to vaccination. Conclusion Due to high immunogenicity and safety of mRNA vaccines, we strongly recommend prioritizing a two-doses vaccination of dialysis patients. A third dose can be required in non-responders to two doses. When possible, patients waiting for a kidney transplantation, should be offered the vaccine before transplantation.
Management of a rare case of extra hepatic portal vein obstruction with temporomandibular joint ankylosis and review of literature

Extrahepatic portal venous obstruction (EHPVO) and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosisis are significant problems in Asian countries. Both EHPVO and bilateral TMJ ankylosis may have rare association due to protein C and S deficiency which may cause hypercoagulability as well as reduced fibrinolytic activity. Ankylosis arising in early childhood is associated with facial asymmetry, feeding difficulty and speech development alterations. It is also associated with great challenges of endoscopic management in extra hepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) with variceal bleed as well as air way management during surgical management and post-operative recovery. Recently a case series had shown association of TMJ ankylosis with EHPVO due to protein C deficiency which might be an etiological factor for both EHPVO as well as TMJ ankylosis. This case report documents a case of 14 year young girl who had TMJ ankylosis due to ear infection and EHPVO with esophageal varices had multiple episodes of upper GI bleed with mild deficiency of protein C and S, successfully managed with proximal splenorenal shunt to prevent further episodes of upper GI bleed, as endoscopic management is not feasible due to TMJ ankylosis.
Methodological advances for hypothesis‐driven ethnobiology

Ethnobiology as a discipline has evolved increasingly to embrace theory‐inspired and hypothesis‐driven approaches to study why and how local people choose plants and animals they interact with and use for their livelihood. However, testing complex hypotheses or a network of ethnobiological hypotheses is challenging, particularly for data sets with non‐independent observations due to species phylogenetic relatedness or socio‐relational links between participants. Further, to account fully for the dynamics of local ecological knowledge, it is important to include the spatially explicit distribution of knowledge, changes in knowledge, and knowledge transmission and use. To promote the use of advanced statistical modelling approaches that address these limitations, we synthesize methodological advances for hypothesis‐driven research in ethnobiology while highlighting the need for more figures than tables and more tables than text in ethnobiological literature. We present the ethnobiological motivations for conducting generalized linear mixed‐effect modelling, structural equation modelling, phylogenetic generalized least squares, social network analysis, species distribution modelling, and predictive modelling. For each element of the proposed ethnobiologists quantitative toolbox, we present practical applications along with scripts for a widespread implementation. Because these statistical modelling approaches are rarely taught in most ethnobiological programs but are essential for careers in academia or industry, it is critical to promote workshops and short courses focused on these advanced methods. By embracing these quantitative modelling techniques without sacrificing qualitative approaches which provide essential context, ethnobiology will progress further towards an expansive interaction with other disciplines.
Purinergic P2 and glutamate NMDA receptor coupling contributes to osmotically driven excitability in hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory neurons

Purinergic and glutamatergic signalling pathways play a key role in regulating the activity of hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory neurons (MNNs). However, the precise cellular mechanisms by which ATP and glutamate act in concert to regulate osmotically driven MNN neuronal excitability remains unknown. Here, we report that ATP acts on purinergic P2 receptors in MNNs to potentiate in a Ca2+‐dependent manner extrasynaptic NMDAR function. The P2‐NMDAR coupling is engaged in response to an acute hyperosmotic stimulation, contributing to osmotically driven firing activity in MNNs. These results help us to better understand the precise mechanisms contributing to the osmotic regulation of firing activity and hormone release from MNNs.
Adhesion molecule L1 inhibition increases infarct size in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion without change in blood-brain barrier disruption

ABSTRACT Objective Neural cell adhesion molecule L1CAM (L1) is involved in neuroprotection. To investigate a possible neuroprotective effect of L1 during ischemia, we determined whether blocking L1 with an antagonistic antibody would worsen the outcome of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and increase blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Methods Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed in anesthetized rats. Five µg of antagonistic mouse IgG monoclonal L1 antibody 324 or non-immune control mouse IgG was applied on the ischemic-reperfused cortex during one hour of MCAO and two hours of reperfusion. At two hours of reperfusion, BBB permeability, size of infarct using tetrazolium staining, number of TUNEL-labeled apoptotic cells, and immunohistochemistry for expression of PTEN and p53 were studied. Results The antagonistic L1 antibody 324 increased the percentage of cortical infarct area (+36%), but did not affect BBB permeability in the ischemic-reperfused cortex. The antagonistic L1 antibody increased number of apoptotic neurons and p53 expression, but decreased PTEN expression. Conclusion Functional antagonism of L1 increases infarct size by increasing numbers of apoptotic neurons without affecting BBB permeability during the early stage of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Our data suggest that L1 affects primarily the brain parenchyma rather than BBB during early stages of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and that endogenous brain L1 may be neuroprotective.
Application of Response Surface Methodology for Carbonate Precipitation Production Induced by a Mutant Strain of Sporosarcina pasteurii

The application of microbial technology has brought new opportunities for the development of civil engineering. Microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP), which use microbial catalyzed hydrolysis of urea to produce calcium carbonate crystals chemically and physically similar to sandstone, could increase strength and stiffness of sands or stones. In this work we investigated the process of calcium carbonate precipitation induced by Sporosarcina pasteurii . To improve the yield of calcium carbonate precipitation, the strain of S. pasteurii was isolated and screened after NTG (N-methyl-N-nitroso-N-nitrosoguanidine) mutated. Mutant strain B-20 gave the highest MICP production. The urease activity was tested on different medium with byproducts; soyabean meal was the selected major components of medium. Then, the optimization of culture medium for enhanced urease activity was conducted employing response surface methodology. Plackett-Burman design was firstly used to screen the most important variables, and subsequently central composite design was adopted to investigate the optimum value of the selected factors for achieving maximum urease activity and MICP yield.
ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION COMPARED TO SPECTROPHOTOMETRY TO ASSAY PHOSPHATE IN MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Phosphorus is a critical dietary mineral that is involved as phosphate in bone, tooth, nucleic acids or phospholipids and is mainly supplied through consumption of dairy products. Hence, it is important to be able to accurately and efficiently assay phosphate in dairy products. Currently, a colorimetric International Standard Organisation (ISO) reference method is used to assay phosphate in milk and cheese. This method requires large amounts of samples, of harmful chemicals and of manpower. In this paper, ionic exchange chromatography was used to assay phosphate on acid milk ultrafiltration permeate, milk, various cheeses and processed cheese and compared to the ISO method. The chromatographic method requires little amounts of materials and is automated. On the other hand, accuracy and precision were found to be less than those obtained with the reference method. In particular, phosphate was underestimated by the chromatographic method. Therefore, the chromatographic method is currently competitive for comparative assays, but not for absolute quantitation of phosphate. Research is still needed to fully upgrade the performances of this environment-friendly and time-saving method to those of the ISO reference.
Daily changes in neuronal activities of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus under standard and high‐fat diet

Recently, we found that the dorsal vagal complex displays autonomous circadian timekeeping properties The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) is an executory part of this complex – a source of parasympathetic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract Here, we reveal daily changes in the neuronal activities of the rat DMV, including firing rate, intrinsic excitability and synaptic input – all of these peaking in the late day Additionally, we establish that short term high‐fat diet disrupts these daily rhythms, boosting the variability in the firing rate, but blunting the DMV responsiveness to ingestive cues These results help us better understand daily control over parasympathetic outflow and provide evidence on its dependence on the high‐fat diet