Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interferometric Observation of the L483 Molecular Core

We present the aperture synthesis imaging of C3H2 212-101 and HCO+ 1-0 lines and of continuum emission at λ = 3.4 mm toward the class 0 young stellar object IRAS 18148-0440 in the L483 molecular cloud. The continuum emission is detected at the IRAS position at a level of 16 mJy, indicating a compact source with a mass of ~0.13 M☉. The C3H2 delineates an envelope near the IRAS position, with a size of ~ 3000 AU × 2000 AU in R.A. and decl. directions, respectively. A velocity gradient detected only along the axis of outflow can be explained in terms of free-fall motion of the envelope. The HCO+ line wing extends up to the velocity of ±6 km s-1 relative to the systemic one, and the high-velocity material shows a symmetric bipolarity and extends over 2' or 0.1 pc along the east-west direction. It is found that the outflow material is clumpy and the opening angle is widest for the slowest moving component. The core component of the HCO+ 1-0 line exhibits an anti-infall asymmetry not only in interferometric but also in single dish observations. It is attributable to the slow isotropic outward motion of gas between the flattened envelope and the collimated outflow.
Quantum spin Hall effect in graphene nanoribbons: Effect of edge geometry

There has been tremendous recent progress in realizing topological insulator initiated by the proposal of Kane and Mele for the graphene system. They have suggested that the odd $Z_2$ index for the graphene manifests the spin filtered edge states for the graphene nanoribbons, which lead to the quantum spin Hall effect(QSHE). Here we investigate the role of the spin-orbit interaction both for the zigzag and armchair nanoribbons with special care in the edge geometry. For the pristine zigzag nanoribbons, we have shown that one of the $\sigma$ edge bands located near E=0 lifts up the energy of the spin filtered chiral edge states at the zone boundary by warping the $\pi$-edge bands, and hence the QSHE does not occur. Upon increasing the carrier density above a certain critical value, the spin filtered edge states are formed leading to the QSHE. We suggest that the hydrogen passivation on the edge can recover the original feature of the QSHE. For the armchair nanoribbon, the QSHE is shown to be stable. We have also derived the real space effective hamiltonian, which demonstrates that the on-site energy and the effective spin orbit coupling strength are strongly enhanced near the ribbon edges. We have shown that the steep rise of the confinement potential thus obtained is responsible for the warping of the $\pi$-edge bands.
An Adaptive Grid Algorithm for Nonequilibrium Hypersonic Flows

Abstract : The use of unstructured, adaptive, embedded grids has been applied to hypersonic nonequilibrium CFD problems. Grid adaptation was accomplished by sub- dividing computational cells for 2-D and axisymmetric blunt body configurations. The high temperature gas mixture was described by Lighthill's dissociating gas model which was extended to include multiple coupled reaction paths in both viscous and inviscid flows. Ni's finite volume Lax-Wendroff scheme was used to integrate the governing equations. This algorithm was extended to include shock fitting and adaptation on general, unstructured, time dependent grids. The explicit real-gas algorithm and shock fitting procedure were validated by comparisons with experimental and computational results for perfect gas, dissociating gas, and multiple reaction cases. These comparisons also emphasized the importance of chemical length scale effects in predicting nonequilibrium gas behavior. Such effects were linked not only to species concentration profiles throughout the shock layer, but also to the excess production of Nitric Oxide frequently reported off the symmetry plane in reacting air blunt body flows. A detailed study of basic nonequilibrium flow phenomena has been completed for freestream Mach numbers from 10 to 15 over blunted cones and wedges. These flows demonstrated degrees of nonequilibrium ranging from nearly frozen to near equilibrium. In all cases the adaptive procedure correctly located and resolved perfect gas and nonequilibrium features. Adaptation was shown to be particularly useful in capturing the steep chemical gradients which appear within the shock layer.
Nonthermal Gamma-Ray/X-Ray Flashes from Shock Breakout in Gamma-Ray Burst-Associated Supernovae

Thermal X-ray emission that is simultaneous with prompt gamma-ray emission has been detected for the first time from a supernova associated with a gamma-ray burst (GRB), namely GRB 060218/SN 2006aj. It has been interpreted as arising from the breakout of a mildly relativistic, radiation-dominated shock from a dense stellar wind surrounding the progenitor star. There is also evidence for the presence of a mildly relativistic ejecta in GRB 980425/SN 1998bw, based on its X-ray and radio afterglow. Here we study the process of repeated bulk Compton scatterings of shock breakout thermal photons by the mildly relativistic ejecta. During the shock breakout process, a fraction of the thermal photons would be repeatedly scattered between the preshock material and the shocked material, as well as the mildly relativistic ejecta, and as a result, the thermal photons get boosted to increasingly higher energies. This bulk motion Comptonization mechanism will produce nonthermal gamma-ray and X-ray flashes, which could account for the prompt gamma-ray burst emission in low-luminosity supernova-connected GRBs, such as GRB 060218. A Monte Carlo code has been developed to simulate this repeated scattering process, which confirms that a significant fraction of the thermal photons get "accelerated" to form a nonthermal component, with a dominant luminosity. This interpretation for the prompt nonthermal emission of GRB 060218 may imply that either the usual internal shock emission from highly relativistic jets in these low-luminosity GRBs is weak, or alternatively, that there are no highly relativistic jets in this particular class of bursts.
How big is the Sun: Solar diameter changes over time

The measurement of the Sun's diameter has been first tackled by the Greek astronomers from a geometric point of view. Their estimation of ~1800", although incorrect, was not truly called into question for several centuries. The first pioneer works for measuring the Sun's diameter with an astrometric precision were made around the year 1660 by Gabriel Mouton, then by Picard and La Hire. A canonical value of the solar radius of 959". 63 was adopted by Auwers in 1891. Despite considerable efforts during the second half of the XXth century, involving dedicated space instruments, no consensus was reached on this issue. However, with the advent of high sensitivity instruments on board satellites, such as the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SoHO) and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) aboard NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), it was possible to extract with an unprecedented accuracy the surface gravity oscillation f modes, over nearly two solar cycles, from 1996 to 2017. Their analysis in the range of angular degree l=140-300 shows that the so-called "seismic radius" exhibits a temporal variability in anti-phase with the solar activity. Even if the link between the two radii (photospheric and seismic) can be made only through modeling, such measurements provide an interesting alternative which led to a revision of the standard solar radius by the International Astronomical Union in 2015. This new look on such modern measurements of the Sun's global changes from 1996 to 2017 gives a new way for peering into the solar interior, mainly to better understand the subsurface fields which play an important role in the implementation of the solar cycles.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Colorectal Cancer Epidemiology and Outcomes: An English Population-Based Study

INTRODUCTION: Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) of the colon are at an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study investigates the epidemiology of IBD-CRC and its outcomes. METHODS: Using population data from the English National Health Service held in the CRC data repository, all CRCs with and without prior diagnosis of IBD (Crohn's, ulcerative colitis, IBD unclassified, and IBD with cholangitis) between 2005 and 2018 were identified. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression models were used to compare the characteristics of the 2 groups and their outcomes up to 2 years. RESULTS: Three hundred ninety thousand six hundred fourteen patients diagnosed with CRC were included, of whom 5,141 (1.3%) also had a previous diagnosis of IBD. IBD-CRC cases were younger (median age at CRC diagnosis [interquartile range] 66 [54–76] vs 72 [63–79] years [P < 0.01]), more likely to be diagnosed with CRC as an emergency (25.1% vs 16.7% [P < 0.01]), and more likely to have a right-sided colonic tumor (37.4% vs 31.5% [P < 0.01]). Total colectomy was performed in 36.3% of those with IBD (15.4% of Crohn's, 44.1% of ulcerative colitis, 44.5% of IBD unclassified, and 67.7% of IBD with cholangitis). Synchronous (3.2% vs 1.6% P < 0.01) and metachronous tumors (1.7% vs 0.9% P < 0.01) occurred twice as frequently in patients with IBD compared with those without IBD. Stage-specific survival up to 2 years was worse for IBD-associated cancers. DISCUSSION: IBD-associated CRCs occur in younger patients and have worse outcomes than sporadic CRCs. There is an urgent need to find reasons for these differences to inform screening, surveillance, and treatment strategies for CRC and its precursors in this high-risk group.
Sequential Manipulative Attacks in Security Games

This paper studies the problem of sequential manipulative attacks in Stackelberg security games in which the attacker attempts to orchestrate its attacks over multiple time steps to mislead the defender’s learning of the attacker’s behavior, which will eventually influence the defender’s patrol strategy towards the attacker’s benefit. Previous work along this line of research only focuses on one-shot games in which the defender only learns the attacker’s behavior and then design his corresponding strategy once. Our work, on the other hand, investigates the long-term impact of the attacker’s manipulation in which current attack and defense choices of players will determine the future learning and patrol strategy of the defender. In particular, we have three key contributions. First, we introduce a new multi-step manipulative attack game model that captures the impact of sequential manipulative attacks carried out by the attacker over the entire time horizon. Second, we propose a new algorithm to compute an optimal manipulative attack plan for the attacker, which tackles the challenge of multiple connected optimization components involved in the computation across multiple time steps. Finally, we present our preliminary experimental results on the impact of such misleading attacks, showing a significant benefit for the attacker and loss for the defender.
Co-Infection of Hepatitis B and C Surface Antigens among Secondary School Students in Jos-North Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria

Hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver produced by autoimmune disease, alcohol or drug abuse, genetic disorder, or microbial infection, which could be both acute and chronic. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence and co-infection of Hepatitis B and C surface antigens among secondary school students in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. A total of 158 samples were used for this study. Information was obtained for risk factors from the two secondary schools (Zawan Comprehensive College and Tin city Jos), using a well-structured questionnaire. Two (2) ml of blood sample was aseptically collected by venepuncture from each consented students using disposable syringes. The blood samples were screened for HBV and HCV using rapid test strips and data obtained were analyzed statistically by chi-square analysis and value of P≤ 0.05 was considered significant to the research. The results obtained showed that prevalence of HBV was 10.5% amongst students of Zawan College and 17.5% among students of Tin City College. It is worthy of note that Hepatitis C recorded a low prevalence of 1.1% and 1.2% has compared to 10.5% and 17.5% recorded for HBV. There was however no cases of co-infection in this present study. Risk factors to HBV and HCV was sharing of sharp objects, blood transfusion, history of vaccination, tooth extraction, tribal marks among others. The prevalence of HBV and HCV recorded among students in study is of Therefore, an adequate program of active screening and vaccination for students should be implemented.
Research Statement: Bridging applied and quantitative topology

Henry Adams, Colorado State University Large sets of high-dimensional data are common in most branches of science, and their shapes reflect important patterns within. The goal of topological data analysis is to measure and describe the shape of data, and one frequently used tool is persistent homology [52]. How can we recover the shape of a data set X sampled from a metric space M? Given a choice of scale r, the Vietoris–Rips complex connects nearby data points.
Chemical composition of the foliage meal of Tithonia diversifolia Composición química de la harina de follaje de Tithonia diversifolia

With the objective of determining the nutritional constituents, amino acids and the content of secondary metabolites of the foliage meal of Tithonia diversifolia. For this, plant material was collected 70 days after regrowth. The percentages of DM, CP, P, Ca, Si, CF, NDF, ADF, ADL, Cel, Hcel, CC were determined; amino acid profile (methionine, cystine, methionine + cystine, lysine, threonine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, serine, phenylalanine, arginine, histidine), and content of TT, TP, TCT, TBCT, FCT, Flv, Sap, Alk, Trit and TS. For statistical processing, descriptive techniques (mean and standard deviation) were used. The plant material of Tithonia diversifolia analyzed showed percentages of 22.23, 2.62, 0.013, 45.7, and 29.8% and 6.09 MJ/kg (CP, Ca, P, NDF, ADF and ME). For the secondary metabolites, they presented concentrations of 5.35, 12.38, 13.7, 9.58, 4.15, 24.49, 0.86, 1.36, 7.71 and 10.75 g/kg MS for total tannins, total phenols, total condensed tannins, total bound condensed tannins, free condensed tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, triterpenes and total steroids). The highest concentrations of amino acids were for lysine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, serine and phenylalanine with values of 13-30 g/kg of protein. It is concluded that the foliage meal of Tithonia diversifolia presents an adequate relation in its quality.
Constraints on a primordial magnetic field

We derive an upper limit of B{sub 0}{lt}3.4{times}10{sup -9}({Omega}{sub 0}h{sup 2}{sub 50}){sup 1/2} G on the present strength of any primordial homogeneous magnetic field. The microwave background anisotropy created by cosmological magnetic fields is calculated in the most general flat and open anisotropic cosmologies containing expansion-rate and 3-curvature anisotropies. Our limit is derived from a statistical analysis of the 4-year Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) data for anisotropy patterns characteristic of homogeneous anisotropy averaged over all possible sky orientations with respect to the COBE receiver. The limits we obtain on homogeneous magnetic fields are stronger than those imposed by nucleosynthesis. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Does Acquiescence Disagree with Measurement Invariance Testing?

Does acquiescence disagree with measurement invariance testing? Abstract Measurement invariance (MI) is required for validly comparing latent constructs measured by multiple ordinal self-report items. Non-invariances may occur when disregarding (group differences in) an acquiescence response style (ARS; an agreeing tendency regardless of item content). If non-invariance results solely from neglecting ARS, one should not worry about scale inequivalences but model the ARS instead. In a simulation study, we investigated the effect of ARS on MI testing, both when including ARS as a factor in the measurement model or not. For (semi-) balanced scales, disregarding a large ARS resulted in non-invariance already at the configural level. This was resolved by including an ARS factor for all groups. For unbalanced scales, disregarding ARS did not affect MI testing, and including an ARS factor often resulted in non-convergence. Implications and recommendations for applied research are discussed.
The geometry of consumer preference aggregation∗

This paper revisits one of the classical questions in economics: how individual preferences and incomes shape aggregate behavior. We develop a method that reduces the hard problem of aggregation to simply computing a weighted average. The method applies to populations with homothetic preferences. The key idea is handling aggregation in the space of logarithmic price indices. We demonstrate the power of this method by piq characterizing classes of preferences invariant with respect to aggregation, i.e., such that any population of heterogeneous consumers with preferences from the class behaves as if it were a single aggregate consumer from the same class; piiq characterizing classes of aggregate preferences generated by popular preference domains such as linear or Leontief; piiiq describing preferences that cannot be decomposed, i.e., do not correspond to aggregate behavior of any non-trivial population; pivq representing any preference as aggregation of indecomposable ones. We discuss connections and applications of our findings to stochastic discrete choice, information design, welfare analysis and gains from trade estimation, pseudo-market mechanisms, and preference identification. ∗The paper has benefited from our discussions with (in alphabetic order) Anna Bogomolnaia, Federico Echenique, Peter Caradonna, Bram De Rock, Arthur Lewbel, Hervé Moulin, Joseph Root, Roberto Serrano, Denis Shishkin, Omer Tamuz, Aleh Tsyvinski, Adam Wierman, and Kai Hao Yang. †Fedor thanks the Linde Institute at Caltech and National Science Foundation (grant CNS 1518941) for their support.
Doubling and Desingularization Constructions for Minimal Surfaces

In the first part of the paper we discuss the current status of the application of the gluing methodology to doubling and desingularization constructions for minimal surfaces in Riemannian three-manifolds. In particular a doubling construction for equatorial spheres in $S^3(1)$ is announced. Aspects of the current understanding of existence and uniqueness questions for closed minimal embedded surfaces in $S^3(1)$ are also discussed, and some new uniqueness questions are proposed. In the second part of the paper we discuss some of the ideas and provide an outline for a general desingularization construction without imposed symmetries. This paper is the author's contribution to the volume in honor of Professor Richard M. Schoen's sixtieth birthday.
Development of gluten-free pasta products based on multivariate analysis

The object of the study is the development of the formulation of gluten-free pasta using multivariate analysis. Celiac disease is a chronic disease characterized by damage to the small intestine mucosa by gluten, a plant protein found in cereals. Due to the growing incidence of celiac disease, it became necessary to provide patients with gluten-free products for life. One of the basic gluten-free products for people is pasta. Therefore, there is a need to expand the range of gluten-free pasta. This development of gluten-free pasta provides for the use of combined flour mixtures from cereals. According to the results of the study, comparison and analysis of 8 gluten-free pasta formulations developed and optimized using multivariate analysis, it was found that the sample G has the best organoleptic indicators. Based on the results of the “recipe-price” optimization of the sample G, the optimal ratios of pasta components in terms of the competitiveness of the final product were determined. It was found that the most balanced in organoleptic characteristics is gluten-free pasta (sample G) consisting of: corn flour – 33.51 %; rice flour – 22.24 %; xanthan gum – 2.94 %, water – 41.15 %, table salt – 0.09 %. The results of the study can be useful in the development of pasta, taking into account the characteristics of the raw materials used, for consumers focused on food without allergenic proteins
Deep Learning-Based Intelligent Forklift Cargo Accurate Transfer System

In this research, we present an intelligent forklift cargo precision transfer system to address the issue of poor pallet docking accuracy and low recognition rate when using current techniques. The technology is primarily used to automatically check if there is any pallet that need to be transported. The intelligent forklift is then sent to the area of the target pallet after being recognized. Images of the pallets are then collected using the forklift’s camera, and a deep learning-based recognition algorithm is used to calculate the precise position of the pallets. Finally, the forklift is controlled by a high-precision control algorithm to insert the pallet in the exact location. This system creatively introduces the small target detection into the pallet target recognition system, which greatly improves the recognition rate of the system. The application of Yolov5 into the pallet positional calculation makes the coverage and recognition accuracy of the algorithm improved. In comparison with the prior approach, this system’s identification rate and accuracy are substantially higher, and it requires fewer sensors and indications to help with deployment. We have collected a significant amount of real data in order to confirm the system’s viability and stability. Among them, the accuracy of pallet docking is evaluated 1000 times, and the inaccuracy is kept to a maximum of 6 mm. The recognition rate of pallet recognition is above 99.5% in 7 days of continuous trials.
The evolution of tonally conditioned allomorphy in Triqui: evidence from spontaneous speech corpora

Abstract One of the defining characteristics of tonal systems in phonological theory is the notion of tonal stability (Goldsmith, John. 1990. Autosegmental and metrical phonology. Oxford: Blackwell; Yip, Moira. 2002. Tone. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Tones remain stable even if their tone-bearing unit changes or is deleted. In the context of historical sound change, tones may either persist as floating tones (from an autosegmental-metrical perspective) or fuse with adjacent syllables and give rise to more complex tonal inventories. However, the process of segmental loss which ultimately conditions historical tonal change is gradual in nature. Tone-bearing units may lenite or they may be optionally realized, leading listeners to rely on coarticulatory cues or phonetic information on adjacent syllables. In the current paper, I examine how variation in the realization of clitic pronouns is conditioned by adjacent tonal cues in Itunyoso Triqui (Otomanguean) within a corpus of spontaneous speech recordings. This research examines and provides evidence for the hypothesis that tonally conditioned allomorphy arises specifically when two conditions are met: (a) there is a morphological context where prosodic units are likely to lenite (highly redundant contexts); and (b) adjacent tonal cues are most informative at this morphophonological boundary. The findings shed light not only on how phonologically conditioned allomorphy arises but also on how variable deletion is sensitive to patterns of multiple exponence during language use.