Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
POI Type Matching based on Culturally Different Datasets

The development of mobile social media networks has changed our daily life. More and more people tend to share their locations, emotions and activities with their friends, which are called ‘check-in records’. These geo-tagged data create an unprecedented opportunity for researchers to reveal spatio-temporal activity patterns of citizens [1,2], capture usages of urban public facilities [3], and understand the interactions between citizens and urban built environment. Points of interest (POI) data play an important role when analyzing check-in records, because they contain categories like restaurant, school to indicate people’s activities. Considering the existing various social media data sources, POI type matching is a basic problem if we intent to do research on two or more check-in datasets with different type schemata, which is also a major challenge for POI data conflation in existing map navigation products like Apple Maps. Currently, typical approaches POI type matching focuses on comparing types through schema. For example Schema.org is often used as an organized vocabulary representing a hierarchy of place types (e.g., a Restaurant is a type of Food Establishment). Much of the ongoing work in assessing the similarity of POI types happens at a top-down schema level rather than a bottom-up data-driven approach. This work is very much focused on a bottom-up approach to assessing the similarity between POI types in two culturally different datasets adhering to two different schemata. Much existing literature has found that the temporal population variation, named ‘temporal signature’, of POIs has strong relationship with the category of POIs [3], but there are few attempts to take the temporal signatures of POIs into consideration when making POI type matching. In this work, we try to match points of interest between culturally (and linguistically) different datasets based on the temporal signatures. We conducted an experiment on two different location-based social networking check-in datasets from different countries. Both linguistic meaning and temporal signatures of POI types were adopted to address the POI type matching problem. We summarized four kinds of POI type matching patterns and measured the similarity between matching POI types, which supports the aforementioned research hypothesis.
Radar Applications in Northern Scotland (RAiNS)

The Radar Applications in Northern Scotland (RAiNS) experiment took place from February to August 2016 near Inverness, Scotland. The campaign was motivated by the need to provide enhanced weather radar observations for hydrological applications for the Inverness region. Here we describe the campaign in detail and observations over the summer period of the campaign that show the improvements that high-resolution polarimetric radar observations may have on quantitative precipitation estimates in this region compared to concurrently generated operational radar quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs). We further provide suggestions of methods for generating QPE using dual-polarization X-band radars in similar regions.
An empirical evaluation of virtual circuit holding times in IP-over-ATM networks

When carrying Internet Protocol (IP) traffic over an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network, the ATM adaptation layer must determine how long to hold a virtual circuit opened to carry an IP datagram. The authors present a formal statement of the problem and an empirical study of holding time policies taking network pricing into account. They find that IP traffic shows temporal locality of reference and so least recently used (LRU)-based policies perform well. A system-wide timeout, which is a special case of an LRU policy, is quite effective when the timeout value is chosen correctly. The policies proposed are easy to implement and solve the problem satisfactorily. <<ETX>>
CARS microscopy lights up lipids in living cells

these techniques, imaging with chemical selectivity in unstained samples. CARS microscopy is a nonlinear imaging technique that produces images of chemical species based on their vibra-tional signatures. The past five years have seen advances in both the understanding of the method's contrast mechanism and the available instrumentation. 1 Conventional laser scanning microscopes can rou-B iologists desire imaging techniques that provide contrast with high sensitivity and selectivity but without altering the sample. Fluorescence mi-croscopy has high sensitivity, but dyes can alter the sample. Phase-contrast and differential-interference-contrast microscopes avoid this problem at the cost of chemical specificity. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy fits CARS Microscopy Lights Up Lipids in Living Cells tinely carry out these imaging experiments with benign excitation powers of 1 to 2 mW and image acquisition rates up to that of video. The technique is shedding light on many emerging and exciting biological applications. Among the chemical species that it has revealed in living cells, 2 lipids provide the best contrast, offering great potential to augment biomedical research in lipid-related diseases such as obesity and atherosclerosis. CARS microscopy relies on the Raman effect. In the spontaneous Raman process, molecules scatter photons, modifying the photon energy with energy quanta that corresponds to the molecules' vibrational modes. Hence, spontaneous Raman LIVE-CELL IMAGING Figure. 1. In Raman scattering processes, incoming light changes frequency according to a vibrational frequency (Ω) of the molecules. Red-and blue-shifted components are termed Stokes and anti-Stokes lines, respectively. In spontaneous Raman (A), thermally driven and random-phased molecular vibrations cause inefficient scattering in all directions. In coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (B), two excitation beams at frequencies ω p and ω s form a beating field with frequency ω p Ϫ ω s. When ω p Ϫ ω s matches Ω, the molecular vibrations occur in-phase and efficiently, resulting in a strong directional signal.
Core top calibration of Mg/Ca in tropical foraminifera: Refining paleotemperature estimation

Optimal use of Mg/Ca as a paleotemperature proxy requires establishing calibrations for different species of foraminifera and quantifying the influence of dissolution. To achieve this goal, we have measured Mg/Ca and δ18O in a series of tropical and subtropical core tops, including four depth transects: the Ceara Rise, the Sierra Leone Rise, and the Rio Grande Plateau in the Atlantic, and the Ontong Java Plateau in the Pacific, focusing on spinose mixed layer dwelling species Globigerinoides ruber and Globigerinoides sacculifer, and nonspinose thermocline dwelling Neogloboquadrina dutertrei. Shell Mg/Ca in G. sacculifer is 5–15% lower than in G. ruber, while N. dutertrei Mg/Ca is 49–55% lower than in G. ruber. This statistically significant offset has allowed us to establish different calibrations for each species. Multilinear regression analysis was used to develop calibration equations that include a correction term for the dissolution effect on Mg/Ca in foraminiferal calcite. Presented in this paper are two sets of calibrations; one set using core depth as a dissolution correction and another using ΔCO32− as a dissolution parameter. The calibrations suggest that G. ruber is the most accurate recorder of surface temperature, while G. sacculifer records temperatures below the surface at 20–30 m. The depth habitat of N. dutertrei is more uncertain, owing to the wide range in habitat depths depending on hydrographic conditions, but on average, Mg/Ca and δ18O data suggest it is at ∼50 m. Of the three species, N. dutertrei is the most sensitive to dissolution (up to 23% decrease in shell Mg/Ca per km), while G. sacculifer is the most resistant.
Oxidative Toxicity in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Therapeutic Strategies

Besides fluorine, oxygen is the most electronegative element with the highest reduction potential in biological systems. Metabolic pathways in mammalian cells utilize oxygen as the ultimate oxidizing agent to harvest free energy. They are very efficient, but not without risk of generating various oxygen radicals. These cells have good antioxidative defense mechanisms to neutralize these radicals and prevent oxidative stress. However, increased oxidative stress results in oxidative modifications in lipid, protein, and nucleic acids, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated in many neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke-related brain damage. Research has indicated mitochondria play a central role in cell suicide. An increase in oxidative stress causes mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to more production of reactive oxygen species and eventually mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. Once the mitochondria are destabilized, cells are destined to commit suicide. Therefore, antioxidative agents alone are not sufficient to protect neuronal loss in many neurodegenerative diseases. Combinatorial treatment with antioxidative agents could stabilize mitochondria and may be the most suitable strategy to prevent neuronal loss. This review discusses recent work related to oxidative toxicity in the central nervous system and strategies to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
An Empirical Study of a Two-Sided Model of Fraudulent Exchange

Interpersonal fraud is a complex social action constituted by a series of dependent events and an accurate representation of this interaction requires the examination of both the victim and perpetrator in fraudulent exchanges. IS domain research on ecommerce provides behavioral models that can be used to describe a victim’s perspective on fraud in online commerce. Similarly, research in the accounting domain has developed the fraud triangle, a behavioral model that describes a perpetrator’s perspective in committing fraud. There is limited research exploring how the use of technology affects fraudulent behaviors despite a growing interest in studying computer mediated deception. We draw on research from the IS and accounting domains about the fraud triangle, e-commerce, and computer-mediated deception to develop a two-sided model that combines victim and perpetrator behaviors. The proposed model more accurately depicts the complex nature of the social exchanges between fraud victims and perpetrators that result in fraud.
Propagation of Delays in the National Airspace System

The National Airspace System (NAS) is a large and complex system with thousands of interrelated components: administration, control centers, airports, airlines, aircraft, passengers, etc. The complexity of the NAS creates many difficulties in management and control. One of the most pressing problems is flight delay. Delay creates high cost to airlines, complaints from passengers, and difficulties for airport operations. As demand on the system increases, the delay problem becomes more and more prominent. For this reason, it is essential for the Federal Aviation Administration to understand the causes of delay and to find ways to reduce delay. Major contributing factors to delay are congestion at the origin airport, weather, increasing demand, and air traffic management (ATM) decisions such as the Ground Delay Programs (GDP). Delay is an inherently stochastic phenomenon. Even if all known causal factors could be accounted for, macro-level national airspace system (NAS) delays could not be predicted with certainty from micro-level aircraft information. This paper presents a stochastic model that uses Bayesian Networks (BNs) to model the relationships among different components of aircraft delay and the causal factors that affect delays. A case study on delays of departure flights from Chicago O'Hare international airport (ORD) to Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL) reveals how local and system level environmental and human-caused factors combine to affect components of delay, and how these components contribute to the final arrival delay at the destination airport.
Prediction of P300 BCI Aptitude in Severe Motor Impairment

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) provide a non-muscular communication channel for persons with severe motor impairments. Previous studies have shown that the aptitude with which a BCI can be controlled varies from person to person. A reliable predictor of performance could facilitate selection of a suitable BCI paradigm. Eleven severely motor impaired participants performed three sessions of a P300 BCI web browsing task. Before each session auditory oddball data were collected to predict the BCI aptitude of the participants exhibited in the current session. We found a strong relationship of early positive and negative potentials around 200 ms (elicited with the auditory oddball task) with performance. The amplitude of the P2 (r = −0.77) and of the N2 (r = −0.86) had the strongest correlations. Aptitude prediction using an auditory oddball was successful. The finding that the N2 amplitude is a stronger predictor of performance than P3 amplitude was reproduced after initially showing this effect with a healthy sample of BCI users. This will reduce strain on the end-users by minimizing the time needed to find suitable paradigms and inspire new approaches to improve performance.
Morphological identification of an interneuron in the hypoglossal nucleus of the rat: A combined Golgi‐electron microscopic study

Hypoglossal small neurons of adult and juvenile (10–15‐day‐old) rats were examined by a combined Golgi–electron microscopic technique. In adult rats, Golgi‐impregnated neurons were fusiform or ovoid (17 × 12 μm) and emitted a few primary dendrites with few branches and few spines and an axon mainly from the proximal portion of the primary dendrite. At the ultrastructural level, the soma displayed an invaginated nucleus with a conspicuous nucleolus and a relatively scanty cytoplasm in which cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum were not organized into extensive lamellar arrays. A moderate number of axon terminals, which contained spherical clear or pleomorphic vesicles ∼ 25–40 nm in diameter, formed symmetric or asymmetric synapses on the soma, the dendrites, the axon hillock, and the initial segment. In a preparation from the juvenile rat, we could trace a full axon trajectory of the small neuron. In this sample, in which a small neuron and a motoneuron were simultaneously impregnated, the axon of the small neuron was found to receive an axoaxonic symmetric synapse with pleomorphic vesicles on a varicosity and to contact the motoneuron dendrites by means of another varicosity of the main axon and of two boutons from an axon collateral. The varicosity and the boutons contained pleomorphic synaptic vesicles and synapsed symmetrically with the motoneuron dendrites. We identified the small neuron in the rat hypoglossal nucleus morphologicaly as a Golgi type II interneuron. We discuss its function in relation to the GABAergic nature of small neurons (Takasu et al.: J. Comp. Neurol. 263:42–53, ′87).
Enhancing TCP with cross-layer notifications and capacity estimation in heterogeneous access networks

Finding the available network capacity for a TCP connection is an important research problem as it allows the connection to improve its throughput and fairness in addition to reducing packet losses. As flows arrive and depart randomly in the network, the state of a TCP connection at any instant is very dynamic and a good estimate of the available capacity can enable TCP to quickly adapt to the actual available capacity in the network. This is especially relevant to heterogeneous access network environments where the end-to-end path characteristics of a TCP connection may abruptly change due to the changes in the access link characteristics after a vertical handoff. In this paper, we present an approach that combines available network capacity estimation with cross-layer notifications to TCP about the access link bandwidth and delay to quickly determine a rough estimate of the available capacity for a TCP connection. Using simulation experiments we evaluate our algorithms in the different phases of a TCP connection where the available capacity is unknown such as in the beginning of a TCP connection and after a vertical handoff. Our results show that the proposed algorithms improve TCP throughput and reduce the transfer time after a vertical handoff in heterogeneous access networks.
Information processing in miniature brains

Since a comprehensive understanding of brain function and evolution in vertebrates is often hobbled by the sheer size of the nervous system, as well as ethical concerns, major research efforts have been made to understand the neural circuitry underpinning behaviour and cognition in invertebrates, and its costs and benefits under natural conditions. This special feature of Proceedings of the Royal Society B contains an idiosyncratic range of current research perspectives on neural underpinnings and adaptive benefits (and costs) of such diverse phenomena as spatial memory, colour vision, attention, spontaneous behaviour initiation, memory dynamics, relational rule learning and sleep, in a range of animals from marine invertebrates with exquisitely simple nervous systems to social insects forming societies with many thousands of individuals working together as a ‘superorganism’. This introduction provides context and history to tie the various approaches together, and concludes that there is an urgent need to understand the full neuron-to-neuron circuitry underlying various forms of information processing—not just to explore brain function comprehensively, but also to understand how (and how easily) cognitive capacities might evolve in the face of pertinent selection pressures. In the invertebrates, reaching these goals is becoming increasingly realistic.
Recent Studies on N2 Fixing Burkholderia Isolates as a Biofertilizer for the Sustainable Agriculture

By the year 2050, world population is expected to double from its current level of more than 5 billion. It is reasonable that the demand of fixed nitrogen for crop production is also expected to double. If this is supplied by industrial sources, synthetic nitrogenous fertilizer use will shoot to about 160 million tonnes of nitrogen per year, which is about equal to that produced by the biological process. This amount of nitrogenous fertilizer will require burning of around 270 million tonnes of coal or its equivalent. However, expanded exploitation of Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) could reduce and in the longer term substantially, replace the need for industrially produced fertilizer nitrogen. Many N2 fixing microorganisms like Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Azotobacter etc., International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 11 (2017) pp. 2780-2796 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Applications of multi-agent slime mould computing

The giant single-celled slime mould Physarum polycephalum has inspired rapid developments in unconventional computing substrates since the start of this century. This is primarily due to its simple component parts and the distributed nature of the ‘computation’ which it approximates during its growth, foraging and adaptation to a changing environment. Slime mould functions as a living embodied computational material which can be influenced (or programmed) by the placement of external stimuli. The goal of exploiting this material behaviour for unconventional computation led to the development of a multi-agent approach to the approximation of slime mould behaviour. The basis of the model is a simple dynamical pattern formation mechanism which exhibits self-organised formation and subsequent adaptation of collective transport networks. The system exhibits emergent properties such as relaxation and minimisation and it can be considered as a virtual computing material, influenced by the external application of spatial concentration gradients. In this paper we give an overview of this multi-agent approach to unconventional computing. We describe its computational mechanisms and different generic application domains, together with concrete example applications of material computation. We examine the potential exploitation of the approach for computational geometry, path planning, combinatorial optimisation, data smoothing and statistical applications.
Psychometric Properties of the Existence Subscale of the Purpose in Life Questionnaire for Chinese Adolescents in Hong Kong

The current study aims to test the psychometric properties of the Existence Subscale of the Purpose in Life Questionnaire (EPIL) for early adolescence. The Purpose in Life Questionnaire (PIL), originally created by Craumbaugh and Maholick, is a 20-item scale measuring different dimensions of life purposes. The current study selected seven items representative of the existence dimension to form another scale, the EPIL. The analysis was based on 2842 early adolescents, ranging from 11 to 14 years old. Principal axis factoring found one factor, with 60% variance being explained. Cronbach's alpha for the EPIL was 0.89, which was high. The factor structure was stable across genders. Criterion-related validity was determined when the scale was used to differentiate volunteers and nonvolunteers. Construct validity was found when the scale was associated with life satisfaction. The results give support to the fact that the EPIL could be used alone to measure the psychological well-being of early adolescents and the appropriateness of the EPIL in adolescent research.
Tioga: A database-oriented visualization tool

In the work we present a new architecture for visualization systems that is based on data base management system (DBMS) technology. By building on the mechanisms present in a next-generation DBMS, rather than merely on the capabilities of a standard file manager, we show that a simpler and more powerful visualization system can be constructed. We retain the popular "boxes and arrows" programming notation for constructing visualization programs, but add a "flight simulator" model of movement to navigate the output of such programs. In addition, we provide a means to specify a hierarchy of abstracts of data of different types and resolutions, so that a "zoom" capability can be supported. The underlying DBMS support for this system, Tioga, is briefly described, as well as the current state of the implementation. <<ETX>>
Issues in Realization of Cognitive Capability in Wireless Sensor Networks

Recently, significant growth in the applications of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) operating in unlicensed spectrum bands has been made. In the meantime, existing unlicensed bands are becoming congested and overcrowded. On the other hand, Cognitive Radio (CR) technology has been proposed as the key technology for future wireless communication that exploits dynamic spectrum access strategies. Since this offers more flexible way to utilize the wireless spectrum than traditional radio technology based on a fixed spectrum access policy, it is thought that the key feature of cognitive radio i.e. dynamic spectrum access can be applied in WSNs to access the underutilized spectrum bands to transmit their readings in an opportunistic manner to the next hops and finally to the sink. In this paper, we discuss the basic responsibilities of MAC layer and its functionalities in cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSN). We mainly focus on investigating the MAC layer issues while realizing the cognitive capability into wireless sensor networks.