Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drug Safety Profiles of Geriatric Patients Referred to Consultation Psychiatry in the Emergency Department—A Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective Geriatric patients account for a significant proportion of the collective treated by psychiatric consultation service in hospitals. In the Emergency Department (ED), psychotropic drugs are frequently recommended, notwithstanding their extensive side-effect profiles. This study sought to investigate medication safety of geriatric patients referred to psychiatric consultation service in the ED. Methods Medication lists of 60 patients from the general internal medicine and trauma surgery EDs referred to psychiatric consultation service were analyzed. Utilizing PRISCUS list and Fit fOR The Aged (FORTA) classification, prescriptions of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) were assessed. Results 84 drugs were newly prescribed following psychiatric consultations. The total number of drugs per patient was 5.4 ± 4.2 before psychiatric consultation and 6.5 ± 4.2 thereafter (p < .001). 22.6 % of the newly recommended drugs were PIMs according to the PRISCUS list, while 54.8 % were designated as therapeutic alternatives to PIMs. 54.8 % and 20.2 % of the newly recommended drugs were FORTA category C and D drugs, respectively. An average of 1.2 ± 1.7 drug–drug interactions (DDIs) existed before psychiatric consultation and 1.3 ± 1.9 DDIs thereafter (p = .08). Conclusion The majority of newly recommended drugs by psychiatric consultation service in the ED were designated as suitable therapeutic alternatives to PIMs according to the PRISCUS list, but had comparatively unfavorable ratings according to the FORTA classification, demonstrating discrepancies between these two PIM classification systems. Physicians delivering psychiatric consultation services in the ED should not solely rely on one PIM classification system.
Estimation of Median Income of Four-Person Families: A Bayesian Time Series Approach

Abstract This article develops a general methodology for small domain estimation based on data from repeated surveys. The results are directly applied to the estimation of median income of four-person families for the 50 states and the District of Columbia. These estimates are needed by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to formulate its energy assistance program for low income families. The U.S. Bureau of the Census, by an informal agreement, has provided such estimates to HHS through a linear regression methodology since the latter part of the 1970s. The current method is an empirical Bayes method (EB) that uses the Current Population Survey (CPS) estimates as well as the most recent decennial census estimates updated by the per capita income estimates of the Bureau of Economic Analysis. However, with the existing methodology, standard errors associated with these estimates are not easy to obtain. The EB estimates, when used naively, can lead to underestimation of standard errors. Mo.
Z-RNA biology: a central role in the innate immune response?

Z-RNA is a higher-energy, left-handed conformation of RNA, whose function has remained elusive. A growing body of work alludes to regulatory roles for Z-RNA in the immune response. Here, we review how Z-RNA features present in cellular RNAs—especially containing retroelements—could be recognized by a family of winged helix proteins, with an impact on host defense. We also discuss how mutations to specific Z-contacting amino acids disrupt their ability to stabilize Z-RNA, resulting in functional losses. We end by highlighting knowledge gaps in the field, which, if addressed, would significantly advance this active area of research.
Analysis of a solid-on-solid type block model for particle redeposition in ion-beam erosion processes under normal incidence

In this paper we present and investigate a simple yet physically plausible solid-on-solid type block model for the redeposition of eroded particles during ion-beam erosion processes under normal ion incidence. This model, which is based on a more general version presented in an earlier study, focuses on the very essential aspects of what one will commonly associate with the redeposition of sputtered particles. Other potential surface effects such as the Bradley–Harper mechanism are thus not taken account of. Additionally, the model is kept one-dimensional for reasons of simplicity. We introduce that model in detail, and then discuss its properties thoroughly. In particular, we show how to decouple the erosion and redeposition component in the formal description of the evolution process of the sputtered surfaces in order to derive a semi-analytical continuum approximation for both the erosion and the redeposition subprocess. The latter is investigated at length, and eventually a connection is drawn to the non-locally stabilized Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation to discuss the potential role of particle redeposition as the physical origin of the damping term in that equation.
The Limiting Eigenvalue Distribution of a Multivariate F Matrix

Let $X_{ij} ,Y_{ij} i,j = 1,2, \cdots $, be i.i. d. $N(0,1)$ random variables and for positive integers $p,m,n $, let $\bar X_p = (X_{ij} ) i = 1,2, \cdots ,p; j = 1,2, \cdots ,m$, and $\bar Y_p = (Y_{ij} ) i = 1,2, \cdots ,p; j = 1,2, \cdots ,n$. Suppose further that ${p / {m \to y > 0}}$ and ${p / {n \to y' \in (0,\frac{1}{2})}}$ as $p \to \infty $ . In [5], [6] it is shown that the empirical distribution function of the eigenvalues of $({1 / m}\bar X_p \bar X_p^T )({1 / n}\bar Y_p \bar Y_p^T )^{ - 1}$ converges i.p. as $p \to \infty $ to a nonrandom d.f. In the present paper the limiting d.f. is derived.
Generalized heat conduction laws based on thermomass theory and phonon hydrodynamics

The Fourier’s law of heat conduction is invalid in extreme conditions, such as the second sound in solids and anomalous heat conduction in nanosystems. The generalized heat conduction law with nonlinear and nonlocal effects is derived from both macroscopic thermomass theory and microscopic phononBoltzmann method in this paper. The coincidence between thermomass theory and phononhydrodynamics is also analyzed through their microscopic basis. The convective term in the momentum equation of the thermomass theory comes from the nonlinear terms of the distribution function, which is often neglected in previous phononhydrodynamics derivations. The Chapman-Enskog expansion leads to the Laplacian term, which is similar to the derivation of Navier-Stokes equation in hydrodynamics and inspires the introduction of a Brinkman extension in the thermomass equation. This comparison reveals how the nonlinear effects could be described by generalized heat conduction laws.
Discovery and characterization of novel type I-D CRISPR-guided transposons identified among diverse Tn7-like elements in cyanobacteria

Abstract CRISPR-Cas defense systems have been naturally coopted for guide RNA-directed transposition by Tn7 family bacterial transposons. We find cyanobacterial genomes are rich in Tn7-like elements, including most of the known guide RNA-directed transposons, the type V-K, I-B1, and I-B2 CRISPR-Cas based systems. We discovered and characterized an example of a type I-D CRISPR-Cas system which was naturally coopted for guide RNA-directed transposition. Multiple novel adaptations were found specific to the I-D subtype, including natural inactivation of the Cas10 nuclease. The type I-D CRISPR-Cas transposition system showed flexibility in guide RNA length requirements and could be engineered to function with ribozyme-based self-processing guide RNAs removing the requirement for Cas6 in the heterologous system. The type I-D CRISPR-Cas transposon also has naturally fused transposase proteins that are functional for cut-and-paste transposition. Multiple attributes of the type I-D system offer unique possibilities for future work in gene editing. Our bioinformatic analysis also revealed a broader understanding of the evolution of Tn7-like elements. Extensive swapping of targeting systems was identified among Tn7-like elements in cyanobacteria and multiple examples of convergent evolution, including systems targeting integration into genes required for natural transformation.
Burnout: A Call to Action From the AUA Workforce Workgroup

Purpose: We hypothesize burnout has failed to improve and certain demographics may be disproportionately affected. Materials and Methods: The AUA Workforce Workgroup examined work from the annual AUA Census over the past several years. Particular to this study, relevant burnout-related data were examined from the past 5 years. Results: In 2021, 36.7% of urologists reported burnout compared to 36.2% in 2016. Burnout in men decreased from 36.3% to 35.2%, but increased in women from 35.3% to 49.2%. When examined by age, the largest increases in burnout were seen in those <45 years old, increasing from 37.9% to 44.8%, followed by 45-54 years old, increasing from 43.4% to 44.6%. When asked about the effect of COVID-19 on burnout, 54% of urologists didn’t feel COVID-19 impacted burnout. Beyond burnout, only 25.0% of men and 4.6% of women reported no conflict between work and personal responsibilities, while 25.7% of men and 44.7% of women resolved these conflicts in favor of work or were unable to resolve them. Of respondents, 22.5% of men and 37.1% of women were “dissatisfied” with work-life balance. Similarly, 33.6% of men reported their work schedule does not leave enough time for personal/family life, compared to 57.5% of women. Conclusions: Overall, urologists have higher burnout now when compared to 2016. The gender discrepancy has vastly widened with women experiencing burnout at an increased rate of 14% compared to 2016, while burnout in men decreased by 1%. Burnout has increased the most in those <45 years old. Further action is needed to substantiate the causes of burnout.
Survival analysis of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database

Backgrounds/Aims Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) can be classified as intrahepatic CCA or extrahepatic CCA (eCCA). We intended to analyze and reports the survival outcomes for eCCA. Methods Surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) registry, site recode C24.0, was used to select cases of eCCA from 2000 to 2018. Patients with incomplete data or ages <18 years were excluded. Results Male (52.69%) and White race (77.99%) predominated. Compared with 2000–2006, survival increased in 2013 (adjusted hazard ratio [HRadj]: 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58–0.70; p < 0.01). Surgery with chemoradiotherapy (HRadj: 0.69, 95% CI 0.60–0.7; p < 0.01) and surgery with chemotherapy (HRadj: 0.72, 95% CI 0.62–0.83; p < 0.01) improved survival over surgery alone. Compared with surgery without lymph node (LN) removal, surgery of four or more regional LN reduced the risk of death by 58% (HRadj: 0.42, 95% CI 0.36–0.51; p < 0.01). Compared with patients without surgery, patients who underwent bile duct excision (HRadj: 0.82, 95% CI 0.72–0.94; p < 0.01), simple or extended lobectomy (HRadj: 0.85, 95% CI 0.75–0.95; p = 0.009), and hepatectomy (HRadj: 0.80, 95% CI 0.72–0.88; p < 0.01) significantly improved survival. Patients with distal CCA had a 17% higher survival than perihilar CCA (HRadj: 0.83, 95% CI 0.74–0.92; p < 0.01) and LN dissection was equally beneficial for both subgroups (p < 0.01). Conclusions Surgery with chemoradiotherapy has a proven increase in the 5-year survival of the eCCA. LN resection, bile duct excision, lobectomy, and hepatectomy have better outcomes.
Clinical and pathological characterization of ophthalmic disease in a canine model of mucopolysaccharidosis type I

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a rare lysosomal storage disease caused by α‐L‐iduronidase enzyme deficiency, resulting in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation in various cell types, including ocular tissues. Ocular manifestations in humans are common with significant pathological changes including corneal opacification, retinopathy, optic nerve swelling and atrophy, and glaucoma. Available treatments for MPS I are suboptimal and there is limited to no effect in treating the ocular disease. The goal of this study was to characterize the clinical and pathological features of ocular disease in a line of MPS I affected dogs, including changes not previously reported. A total of 22 dogs were studied; 12 MPS I were affected and 10 were unaffected. A subset of each underwent complete ophthalmic examination including slit lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, rebound tonometry, and ultrasonic pachymetry. Globes were evaluated microscopically for morphological changes and GAG accumulation. Clinical corneal abnormalities in affected dogs included edema, neovascularization, fibrosis, and marked stromal thickening. Intraocular pressures were within reference interval for affected and unaffected dogs. Microscopically, vacuolated cells containing alcian blue positive inclusions were detected within the corneal stroma, iris, ciliary body, sclera, and optic nerve meninges of affected dogs. Ganglioside accumulation was identified by luxol fast blue staining in rare retinal ganglion cells. Increased lysosomal integral membrane protein‐2 expression was demonstrated within the retina of affected animals when compared to unaffected controls. Results of this study further characterize ocular pathology in the canine model of MPS I and provide foundational data for future therapeutic efficacy studies.
Beyond Median Overall Survival: Estimating Trends for Multiple Survival Scenarios in Patients With Metastatic Esophagogastric Cancer.

BACKGROUND In recent years, clinical trials have shown improved survival of patients with metastatic esophageal or gastric cancer. The number of patients participating in clinical trials is limited, and survival improvements observed from clinical trials are unrepresentative for the full population. The aim of our study was to assess trends in survival for the best-case, typical, and worst-case scenarios in patients with metastatic esophageal or gastric cancer. METHODS We selected patients with metastatic esophageal or gastric cancer diagnosed between 2006 and 2020 from the nationwide Netherlands Cancer Registry. Survival was calculated for different percentiles of the survival curve for each incidence year (eg, the 10th percentile [p10] represents the top 10% of patients with the best survival): p10 (best-case), p25 (upper-typical), p50 (median), p75 (lower-typical), and p90 (worst-case). Weighted linear regression analyses were performed to test whether changes in survival were significant. RESULTS The overall median survival between 2006 and 2020 remained unchanged for patients with esophageal cancer (n=10,448; from 5.2 to 5.2 months, respectively; P=.06) and improved for patients with gastric cancer (n=10,512; from 3.5 to 4.3 months, respectively; P=.001). For patients with esophageal cancer, survival for the best-case scenario (p10; best 10% of patients) significantly improved from 17.2 to 21.0 months (P=.006). For patients with gastric cancer, survival significantly improved for the best-case scenario (p10) from 15.9 to 23.5 months (P<.001) and the upper-typical scenario (p25) scenario improved from 7.9 to 9.9 months (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Despite significant survival improvements in clinical trials, survival improvements were not observed for the majority of patients treated in daily clinical practice. An increase in survival was only observed for patients with the best prognosis.
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt in Liver Transplant Recipients: Outcomes in Six Adult Patients

Objectives Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is regularly used in treatment of clinically significant portal hypertension. Liver transplant recipients are, however, rarely indicated for the procedure. The study retrospectively examines the results of TIPS placement in 6 patients after OLT. Methods 4 males and 2 females (aged 36 to 62 years), treated with TIPS between 2007 a 2018, were included in the study. 5 patients had previously undergone liver transplantation for liver graft cirrhosis, 1 patient for Budd-Chiari syndrome. The piggyback caval reconstruction technique was selected in 4/6 cases. PH developed after OLT due to the recurrence of underlying liver condition and sinusoidal obstruction syndrome in half of the cases, respectively. Indications for TIPS were refractory ascites in 4 cases and variceal bleeding in 2 cases. Results Standard TIPS technique was used and technical success was achieved in all cases with a procedure-related complication in 1 patient. One patient died shortly after TIPS placement. The remaining patients all reported regression of clinically significant PH. Late complications appeared in 2 patients. Liver retransplantation after TIPS creation was performed in 1 case. Median TIPS patency was 55 months. 2/6 patient continue to thrive with a patent shunt. Conclusions Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in OLT recipients is technically feasible. Favorable clinical outcomes were reported particularly in patients treated for sinusoidal obstruction syndrome who were indicated to TIPS for refractory ascites.
Determination of molecular weight distributions of linear flexible polymers from linear viscoelastic material functions

Numerical and analytical methods are developed to invert the double reptation mixing rule to determine the molecular weight distribution (MWD). An analytic method involving Mellin transforms is developed for the case of a single exponential monodisperse relaxation function. A general analytic solution for the MWD is generated for a step‐function monodisperse relaxation function. Numerical methods are developed for more general multiple time constant monodisperse relaxation functions. Both analytical and numerical methods are simple, robust, and capable of appropriately handling error‐infected experimental data. The power‐law relaxation modulus associated with broad MWD commercial polymer is analytically inverted to generate the corresponding molecular weight distribution. MWDs calculated from rheological data for polybutadiene and polypropylene are in close agreement with the corresponding GPC data and are very sensitive to small amounts of high molecular weight material present. The fundamental origins of this sensitivity lie in the intrinsically nonlinear nature of the dependence of rheological properties on molecular weight. The quality of the results suggest that the ‘‘double reptation’’ mixing rule captures an essential feature of the physics of entangled polydisperse polymeric systems.
Experimental investigation of dynamo effect in the secondary pumps of the fast breeder reactor Superphenix

The fast breeder reactors (FBR) BN600 (Russia) and Phenix (France) have been the subject of several experimental studies aimed at the observation of dynamo action. Though no dynamo effect has been identified, the possibility was raised for the FBR Superphenix (France) which has an electric power twice that of BN600 and five times larger than Phenix. We present the results of a series of experimental investigations on the secondary pumps of Superphenix. The helical sodium flow inside one pump corresponds to a maximum magnetic Reynolds number (Rm) of 25 in the experimental conditions (low temperature). The magnetic field was recorded in the vicinity of the pumps and no dynamo action has been identified. An estimate of the critical flow rate necessary to reach dynamo action has been found, showing that the pumps are far from producing dynamo action. The magnetic energy spectrum was also recorded and analysed. It is of the form k−11/3, suggesting the existence of a large-scale magnetic field. Following Moffatt (1978), this spectrum slope is also justified by a phenomenological approach.
Nonlinear optical amplification in a nematic liquid crystal above the Frederiks transition

We have observed a new nonlinear light amplification process in a nematic liquid crystal, p‐methoxybenzylidene‐p‐n‐butylaniline, maintained above the Frederiks transition by a magnetic field. Substantial probe‐beam gain (10% or more) was observed for a moderate same‐frequency pump beam of intensity on the order of W/cm2, and is attributed to the molecular anisotropy associated with the director axis reorientation. The observed gain and nonlinear intensity dependence are in excellent quantitative agreement with theoretical predictions. An analogous effect is also observed for the case when the Fredericks transition is caused by a dc electric field.
Therapeutic efficacy of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition in combination with ionizing radiation for lung cancer

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibition in combination with ionizing radiation for lung cancer. Materials and methods Human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and squamous cell carcinoma (H520) cells were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of CDK inhibition in combination with ionizing radiation in vitro using colony formation assay, γH2AX immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, and cell cycle phase analysis. We also performed in vivo evaluations of ectopic tumor growth. Results In vitro pretreatment with the CDK inhibitor, seliciclib, before irradiation significantly decreased the survival of A549 and H520 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Although CDK inhibition alone did not increase the intensity of γH2AX foci, its combination with ionizing radiation increased DNA double-strand breaks, as shown by γH2AX immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. The combination of CDK inhibition and ionizing radiation-induced G2/M arrest and increased apoptosis, as evidenced by the increased proportion of cells in G2/M arrest, subG1 apoptotic population, and expression of apoptotic markers (cleaved PARP-1 and cleaved caspase-3). Mechanistic studies showed reduced expression of cyclin A with combined treatment, indicating cell cycle shifting effects. An in vivo xenograft model showed that the combination of CDK inhibition and ionizing radiation delayed xenograft tumor growth, and increased the proportion of cleaved PARP-1- and cleaved caspase-3-positive cells, compared to either treatment alone. Conclusions We provide preclinical tumoricidal evidence that the combination of CDK inhibition and ionizing radiation is an efficacious treatment for lung cancer.