Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen response mechanism of Pt-GaN Schottky diodes

Besides silicon carbide, group-III nitrides are also suitable large-band-gap semiconductor materials for high-temperature gas sensor devices. Exposing GaN-based Schottky diodes with catalytically active platinum electrodes to hydrogen, we observed a decrease of the rectifying characteristics which we attribute to a decrease in Schottky barrier height. Current–voltage and elastic recoil detection measurements were used to investigate the H-sensing behavior of such devices. Our results indicate an interfacial effect as the origin of the sensor response to hydrogen.
Analysis and synthesis of coronal and interplanetary energetic particle, plasma, and magnetic field observations over three solar rotations.

In a previous paper (Krimigis et al., 1971), simultaneous observations in 1967 of solar particle events at low (<1 Mev) energies were presented. These observations were obtained with intercalibrated detectors on three spacecraft (Mariner 5, Explorer 35, and Mariner 4) separated by distances of ≳0.1 AU. In the present paper we combine the full complement of simultaneous plasma, magnetic field, and energetic particle data and give a complete analysis of all the events discussed in the original paper. The essential concept of ‘collimated convection’ is introduced, whereby the bulk velocity along the field lines of low-energy solar particles is independent of solar local plasma velocity, and the particles are strongly collimated along the field line with no transverse velocity component other than that of the field line itself. Collimated convection effects are shown to exist in small-scale convection (days 206–219) and large-scale evolution (days 221–225) of particle fluxes; the particle fluxes are, in turn, used to delineate the small-scale (days 227–229) and large-scale (days 260–265) evolution of the interplanetary magnetic field. Use of collimated convection is made in demonstrating a technique whereby energetic particle intensity profiles in the interplanetary medium can be related to equatorial high coronal magnetic field structures, by using the instantaneous solar wind velocity. This technique is applied in mapping particle intensities from Mariner 5 onto Hα synoptic charts of chromospheric magnetic field structures (McIntosh, 1972) for Carrington rotations 1523 to 1525. The particle data are well ordered by means of this procedure, and the coronal injection profiles of energetic particles can be deduced. In particular, abrupt changes in the particle injection profile correspond to longitudes where magnetic neutral lines connected to active regions cross the solar equatorial plane. Typical of many low-energy solar particle event histories is a ramplike increase lasting more than a day and terminating in a sharp drop associated with a coronal neutral line crossing. The mapping procedure is also able to explain the ‘open’ and ‘edge’ electron events reported by Lin (1970). The question of long-term acceleration and/or storage is examined, and, in one event for which the two processes can be separated, evidence is found for acceleration with negligible storage. However six examples of acceleration lasting several days are given. Finally, the apparent differences between low-energy solar particle events and higher-energy solar cosmic ray events are noted; these differences imply that current interplanetary particle propagation theory is inadequate for the lower energies. In particular, the large field-aligned anisotropies during the rise of flare-associated events, the large anisotropies during quasi-stationary corotating events, and the field-aligned anisotropies during decays with small radial gradients imply the relative absence of particle scattering in the inner solar system.
One piece of the puzzle: Treatment of fostered and adopted children with RAD and DSED

Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED) are two interrelated diagnoses emerging from pathogenic and insufficient care during the first few years of life. They have been reported in children who were fostered or adopted after experiencing severe early deprivation through institutionalisation, as well as youth with foster care and maltreatment histories. Substantial comorbid and overlapping difficulties often coexist with both disorders, which complicates their identification. Despite a consensus that RAD and DSED are distinctive diagnoses that capture relational behaviours not elsewhere described, many questions remain about their development and treatment. Research probing underlying mechanisms for both disorders is scarce, and only a few studies exist that chronicle potential interventions. Extant treatments tend to focus on parent management training rather than attachment-based interventions and often do not incorporate assessment of the child’s relational schemata and comorbid difficulties into interventions. This article expands on earlier interventions by detailing the current state of knowledge about RAD and DSED and their common comorbidities in children with foster care and adoption histories and by suggesting how to weave that knowledge into comprehensive assessment and treatment. Two case vignettes are presented.
Fitting hidden semi-Markov models to breakpoint rainfall data

The paper proposes a hidden semi-Markov model for breakpoint rainfall data that consist of both the times at which rain-rate changes and the steady rates between such changes. The model builds on and extends the seminal work of Ferguson (1980) on variable duration models for speech. For the rainfall data the observations are modelled as mixtures of log-normal distributions within unobserved states where the states evolve in time according to a semi-Markov process. For the latter, parametric forms need to be specified for the state transition probabilities and dwell-time distributions. Recursions for constructing the likelihood are developed and the EM algorithm used to fit the parameters of the model. The choice of dwell-time distribution is discussed with a mixture of distributions over disjoint domains providing a flexible alternative. The methods are also extended to deal with censored data. An application of the model to a large-scale bivariate dataset of breakpoint rainfall measurements at Wellington, New Zealand, is discussed.
Systemic Disease Associations in a Cohort of Hispanic Patients with Scleritis

(1) Purpose: A patient with scleritis may have an associated systemic disease, which is often autoimmunological and seldom infectious in origin. The data regarding such associations in Hispanic populations are scarce. Therefore, we evaluated the clinical characteristics and systemic-disease associations of a cohort of Hispanic patients with scleritis. (2) Methods: A retrospective review of the medical records (January 1990–July 2021) of two private uveitis practices in Puerto Rico was performed. Clinical characteristics and systemic-disease associations observed either at presentation or diagnosed as a consequence of the initial workup were recorded. (3) Results: A total of 178 eyes of 141 patients diagnosed with scleritis were identified. An associated autoimmune disease was present in 33.3% of the patients (rheumatoid arthritis, 22.7%; Sjögren’s syndrome, 3.5%; relapsing polychondritis, 2.8%; sarcoidosis, 1.4%; systemic lupus erythematosus, 1.4%; and systemic vasculitis, 0.7%). An associated infectious disease was present in 5.7% of the patients (2.13%, syphilis; 1.41%, herpes simplex; 1.14%, herpes zoster; and 0.71%, Lyme disease). One patient had all-trans retinoic-acid-associated scleritis. Statistical analysis revealed that patients with nodular anterior scleritis were less likely to have an associated immune-mediated disease (OR: 0.21; p = 0.011). (4) Conclusion: Rheumatoid arthritis was the most common systemic autoimmune disease association, while syphilis was the most common infectious disease associated with scleritis patients. Our study suggests that patients with nodular scleritis have a lower risk of having an associated immune-mediated disease.
Tryptase and Exogenous Trypsin: Mechanisms and Ophthalmic Applications

Abstract Ocular injuries caused by inflammation, surgery or accidents are subject to a physiological healing process that ultimately restores the structure and function of the damaged tissue. Tryptase and trypsin are essential component of this process and they play a role in promoting and reducing the inflammatory response of tissues, respectively. Following injury, tryptase is endogenously produced by mast cells and can exacerbate the inflammatory response both by stimulating neutrophil secretion, and through its agonist action on proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2). In contrast, exogenously introduced trypsin promotes wound healing by attenuating inflammatory responses, reducing oedema and protecting against infection. Thus, trypsin may help resolve ocular inflammatory symptoms and promote faster recovery from acute tissue injury associated with ophthalmic diseases. This article describes the roles of tryptase and exogenous trypsin in affected tissues after onset of ocular injury, and the clinical applications of trypsin injection.
Elementary operators and subhomogeneous C*-algebras

Abstract Let A be a C*-algebra and let ΘA be the canonical contraction form the Haagerup tensor product of M(A) with itself to the space of completely bounded maps on A. In this paper we consider the following conditions on A: (a) A is a finitely generated module over the centre of M(A); (b) the image of ΘA is equal to the set E(A) of all elementary operators on A; and (c) the lengths of elementary operators on A are uniformly bounded. We show that A satisfies (a) if and only if it is a finite direct sum of unital homogeneous C*-algebras. We also show that if a separable A satisfies (b) or (c), then A is necessarily subhomogeneous and the C*-bundles corresponding to the homogeneous subquotients of A must be of finite type.
Dynamics and seasonal variations in Saturn's magnetospheric plasma sheet, as measured by Cassini

We analyze electron plasma, energetic ion, and magnetic field data from four almost vertical Cassini passes through the nightside plasma sheet of Saturn (segments of the high-latitude orbits of the spacecraft) separated in two subsets: two passes of identical geometry from January 2007 with Cassini crossing the equatorial plane in the postmidnight sector at a distance of similar to 21 Saturn radii (R-S) and two passes from April 2009, also of identical geometry, with Cassini crossing the equatorial plane in the premidnight sector again at a distance of similar to 21 R-S. The vertical structure and variability of the plasma sheet is described for each individual pass, and its basic properties (scale height, vertical displacement, tilt angle, hinging distance) are computed. The plasma sheet presents an energy-dependent vertical structure, being thicker by a factor of similar to 2 in the energetic particle range than in the electron plasma. It further exhibits intense dynamical behavior, evident in the energetic neutral atom emission. In two of the four passes, we observe a clear north-south asymmetry, presumably a combined result of vertical plasma sheet motion and short time scale dynamics. Comparison between the 2007 and 2009 passes reveals a clear change in the tilt and vertical offset of the planetary nightside plasma sheet, which progressively becomes aligned to the solar wind direction as we approach Saturnian equinox (August 2009). Temperature, pressure, and number density in the center of the sheet remain relatively stable and essentially unaffected by the seasonal change.
Determining the Relative Importance of Predictors in Logistic Regression: An Extension of Relative Weight Analysis

Techniques such as dominance analysis and relative weight analysis have been proposed recently to evaluate more accurately predictor importance in ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. Similar questions of predictor importance also arise in instances where logistic regression is the primary mode of analysis. This article presents an extension of relative weight analysis that can be applied in logistic regression and thus aids in the determination of predictor importance. We briefly review relative importance techniques and then discuss a new procedure for calculating relative importance estimates in logistic regression. Finally, we present a substantive example applying this new approach to an example data set.
Narrowband filters and broadband mirrors for the spectral range from 50 to 200 nm

A summary of the optical coatings for the spectral range from 50 to 200 nm that can be prepared at GOLD is presented. This spectral range, named here far and extreme ultraviolet (FUV/EUV), is characterized by the high absorption of almost all materials and the strong dependence of their optical properties on the deposition parameters and on the exposure of the samples to the atmosphere. Broadband mirrors and narrowband filters were prepared in an ultra high vacuum system where in situ FUV/EUV reflectometry is available. In this work we summarize the main aspects concerning in situ performance and ageing of these coatings. Broadband mirrors composed of Al/MgF2, SiC, B and Al/MgF2/SiC cover the FUV/EUV spectral range from 50 to 200 nm. Above the transparency cutoff of MgF2 (115 nm), transmittance filters based on Al/MgF2 multilayers have been developed peaked at wavelengths as short as 120 nm. An example is shown centered at 124 nm with a peak transmittance of 27% and a FWHM of 12 nm for a fresh coating. Below 115 nm, a research on reflectance filters has recently started with very promising results on filters peaked at ~83 nm, close to the OII spectral line. Fresh filters with 27% peak reflectance at normal incidence and a FWHM of 14 nm have been obtained. These novel reflectance filters based on Al, Yb and SiO must still demonstrate stability over time. The developed coatings have a potential application in the field of astronomical observations.
Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal Proteins in Brain Physiology and Pathology: BET-ing on Epigenetic Regulation

BET proteins function as histone code readers of acetylated lysins that determine the positive regulation in transcription of genes involved in cell cycle progression, differentiation, inflammation, and many other pathways. In recent years, thanks to the development of BET inhibitors, interest in this protein family has risen for its relevance in brain development and function. For example, experimental evidence has shown that BET modulation affects neuronal activity and the expression of genes involved in learning and memory. In addition, BET inhibition strongly suppresses molecular pathways related to neuroinflammation. These observations suggest that BET modulation may play a critical role in the onset and during the development of diverse neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, fragile X syndrome, and Rett syndrome. In this review article, we summarize the most recent evidence regarding the involvement of BET proteins in brain physiology and pathology, as well as their pharmacological potential as targets for therapeutic purposes.
Antiretroviral treatment failure and associated factors among people living with HIV on therapy in Homa Bay, Kenya: A retrospective study

Despite large numbers of patients accessing antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Kenya, few studies have explored factors associated with virologic failure in Western Kenya, specifically. We undertook a study in Homa Bay County, Kenya to assess the extent of virologic treatment failure and factors associated with it. This was an observational retrospective study conducted from September 2020 to January 2021. Data were abstracted from the records of patients who had been on ART for at least six months at the time of data collection after systematic sampling stratified by age group at ART initiation (0–14 and 15+ years), using probability proportion to the numbers of patients attending the facility. Confirmed viral treatment failure was defined as viral load ≥1000 copies/ml based on two consecutive viral load measurements after at least three months of enhanced adherence counseling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Cox regression modeling. Of the 2,007 patients sampled, 160 (8.0%) had confirmed virologic treatment failure. Significantly higher virologic treatment failure rates were identified among male patients 78/830 (9.4%) and children 115/782 (14.7%). Factors associated with virologic treatment failure (VTF), were age 0–14 years, adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 4.42, (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 3.12, 6.32), experience of treatment side effects AHD: 2.43, (95% CI, 1.76, 3.37), attending level 2/3 health facility, AHR: 1.87, (95% CI: 1.29, 2,72), and history of opportunistic infections (OIs), AHR: 1.81, (95% CI, 1.76, 3.37). Children, attendees of level 2/3 health facilities, patients with a history of OIs, and those experiencing treatment side-effects are at risk of VTF. Increased focus on children and adolescents on screening for drug resistance, administration of and adherence to medication, and on effective information and education on side-effects is critical. Additionally, there is need for increased training and support for health care workers at primary level care facilities.
Strong excitons in novel two-dimensional crystals: Silicane and germanane

We show by first-principles calculations that, due to depressed screening and enhanced two-dimensional confinement, excitonic resonances with giant oscillator strength appear in hydrogenated Si and Ge layers, which qualitatively and quantitatively differ from those of graphane. Their large exciton binding energies and oscillator strengths make them promising for observation of novel physical effects and application in optoelectronic devices on the nanoscale.
Temporal growth and vertical propagation of perturbations in the winter atmosphere

We present a general‐circulation model study of the temporal growth and vertical propagation of perturbations following transient, vertically confined forcings. Five ensembles of perturbation experiments are performed, each with eight different initial conditions and with the perturbations enforced at ten different vertical levels from the lower troposphere to the upper stratosphere. The motivation for the study is the recent recognition of downward propagation of anomalies from the stratosphere to the troposphere and its implications both for medium‐range forecasts and for a possible physical mechanism for stratospheric impacts on weather and climate.
Thermal Shock in a Hollow Sphere Caused by Rapid Uniform Heating

Adopting the Goodier's concept, the dynamic thermoelastic problem in a sphere is decomposed into a particular form of dynamic stress problem corresponding to the thermoelastic displacement potential and the homogeneous form of dynamic stress problem corresponding to the stress functions. Applying the ray theroy to the homogeneous form, we obtain the general solution for transient waves induced by sudden heating
Diagnosis of array faults from far-field amplitude-only data

The diagnosis of the faulty elements of a planar array from noisy far-field power pattern data is considered in the case of "on-off" faults. The possible ambiguities of the solutions are considered both in the theoretical and practical sense and are shown to be intrinsically less relevant than in the widely studied continuous case. The probability of the occurrence of the practical ambiguities is inferred from a number of numerical examples and is shown to be negligible in all cases of interest. An effective algorithm is presented here based on an intersection set finding approach and involving the minimization of a suitable objective functional. The global minimization of the functional has been successfully performed by applying a properly modified genetic algorithm. A number of numerical examples shows the effectiveness of the approach whose computational complexity essentially increases linearly with the array size.
Scattering from conducting rough surfaces: a general perturbative solution

The general term of the perturbation series is presented in closed form to treat scattering of horizontally polarized plane incident waves from a perfectly conducting rough surface. The use of the complete perturbation series obtained is illustrated through several examples of deterministic profiles, including the case of gently undulating surfaces (Kirchhoff limit) and the case of periodic gratings. Also, it is shown how specularity of the mean scattered field from statistically homogeneous surfaces can be proved in the present context. >
Robust stability and eigenvectors of uncertain matrices

This paper presents the relationship between eigenvectors and Hurwitz stability of uncertain matrices. First, it reveals new necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of a nominal matrix A through the relationship of its eigenvectors and its symmetric criterion matrices. Three types of criterion matrices are adopted, i.e., the direct symmetric matrix A/sub s/=(A+A*)/2, the similarity transformed symmetric matrix and the Lyapunov-type symmetric matrix. Then, the necessary and sufficient conditions for robust stability of uncertain matrices are provided by using their eigenvector directions with respect to a basis constituted by their symmetric criterion matrix eigenvectors. The concerned uncertainties include both structured and unstructured uncertainties. The results may be applied to control systems for robust stability analysis and design.
The Theory of the Beta-Plane Baroclinic Topographic Modons

Form-preserving, uniformly translating, horizontally localized solutions (modons) are considered within the framework of nondissipative quasi-geostrophic dynamics for a two-layer model with meridionally sloping bottom. A general classification of the beta-plane baroclinic topographic modons ( g -BTMs) is given, and three distinct domains are shown to exist in the plane of the parameters. The first domain corresponds to the regular modons with the translation speed outside the range of the phase speeds of linear waves. In the second domain, modons cannot exist: only non-localized solutions are permissible here. The third domain contains both linear periodic waves and the so-called anomalous modons traveling without resonant radiation. Exact modon solutions with piecewise linear relation between the potential vorticity and streamfunction are found and analyzed. Special attention is given to the smooth regular dipole-plus-rider solutions (anomalous modons cannot carry a smooth axisymmetric rider). As distinct from their flat-bottom analogs, g -BTMs may have nonzero total angular momentum. This feature combined with the ability of g -BTMs to bear smooth riders of arbitrary amplitude provides the existence of almost monopolar (in both layers) stationary vortices.
Analysis of Covariance with Qualitative Data

In data with a group structure, incidental parameters are included to control for missing variables. Applications include longitudinal data and sibling data. In general, the joint maximum likelihood estimator of the structural parameters is not consistent as the number of groups increases, with a fixed number of observations per group. Instead a conditional likelihood function is maximized, conditional on sufficient statistics for the incidental parameters. In the logit case, a standard conditional logit program can be used. Another solution is a random effects model, in which the distribution of the incidental parameters may depend upon the exogenous variables.