Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generation Mechanisms of Quasi-parallel and Quasi-circular Flare Ribbons in a Confined Flare

We analyze a confined multiple-ribbon M2.1 flare (SOL2015-01-29T11:42) that originated from a fan-spine coronal magnetic field configuration, within active region NOAA 12268. The observed ribbons form in two steps. First, two primary ribbons form at the main flare site, followed by the formation of secondary ribbons at remote locations. We observe a number of plasma flows at extreme-ultraviolet temperatures during the early phase of the flare (as early as 15 minutes before the onset) propagating toward the formation site of the secondary ribbons. The secondary ribbon formation is co-temporal with the arrival of the pre-flare generated plasma flows. The primary ribbons are co-spatial with Ramaty High Energy Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) hard X-ray sources, whereas no enhanced X-ray emission is detected at the secondary ribbon sites. The (E)UV emission, associated with the secondary ribbons, peaks ∼1 minute after the last RHESSI hard X-ray enhancement. A nonlinear force-free model of the coronal magnetic field reveals that the secondary flare ribbons are not directly connected to the primary ribbons, but to regions nearby. Detailed analysis suggests that the secondary brightenings are produced due to dissipation of kinetic energy of the plasma flows (heating due to compression), and not due to non-thermal particles accelerated by magnetic reconnection, as is the case for the primary ribbons.
Exploring twist-2 GPDs through quasidistributions in a diquark spectator model

Quasi parton distributions (quasi-PDFs) are currently under intense investigation. Quasi-PDFs are defined through spatial correlation functions and are thus accessible in lattice QCD. They gradually approach their corresponding standard (light-cone) PDFs as the hadron momentum increases. Recently, we investigated the concept of quasi-distributions in the case of generalized parton distributions (GPDs) by calculating the twist-2 vector GPDs in the scalar diquark spectator model. In the present work, we extend this study to the remaining six leading-twist GPDs. For large hadron momenta, all quasi-GPDs analytically reduce to the corresponding standard GPDs. We also study the numerical mismatch between quasi-GPDs and standard GPDs for finite hadron momenta. Furthermore, we present results for quasi-PDFs, and explore higher-twist effects associated with the parton momentum and the longitudinal momentum transfer to the target. We study the dependence of our results on the model parameters as well. Finally, we discuss the lowest moments of quasi distributions, and elaborate on the relation between quasi-GPDs and the total angular momentum of quarks. The moment analysis suggests a preferred definition of several quasi-distributions.
An Empirical Investigation during the economic crisis on the Labor Productivity after mergers in Greece

In this study is analyzed the interdependencies between employee benefits and productivity and evaluated the impact of a merger activity in the labor productivity. More specifically in this study, there is a relative literature review, the research sample of the companies is analyzed, the examined ratios and the research methodology followed, as well as the research hypothesis. Last, from the analysis of the results is clear that the mergers had no effect on labor productivity for the whole sample firms which merged from 2009 to 2013 and the productivity of workers has not improved significantly.
Theory of neutrinos: a white paper

This paper is a review of the present status of neutrino mass physics, which grew out of an APS sponsored study of neutrinos in 2004. After a discussion of the present knowledge of neutrino masses and mixing and some popular ways to probe the new physics implied by recent data, it summarizes what can be learned about neutrino interactions as well as the nature of new physics beyond the Standard Model from the various proposed neutrino experiments. The intriguing possibility that neutrino mass physics may be at the heart of our understanding of a long standing puzzle of cosmology, i.e. the origin of matter–antimatter asymmetry is also discussed.
LncRNA: An All-rounder in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease and is supposed to have both genetic and environmental backgrounds. Plenty of studies have demonstrated the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the initiation and development of RA. Numerous lncRNAs have been found to be dysregulated in RA and to be correlated with disease activity of RA, which indicates potential diagnostic roles of lncRNAs. In addition to working as biomarkers for RA, lncRNAs participate in many specific pathological processes including inflammation, aberrant proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. Further screenings and researches are required to validate the clinical potentials of lncRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic targets in RA.
Variation of Molecular Line Ratios and Cloud Properties in the Arp 299 Galaxy Merger

High-resolution observations of 12CO (2.″3),13CO (3.″9), and HCN (5.″4) J = 1-0 in the galaxy merger Arp 299 (IC 694 and NGC 3690) show that the line ratios vary dramatically across the system. The 12CO/13CO ratio is unusually large, 60 ± 15, at the IC 694 nucleus, where 12CO emission is very strong, and much smaller, 10 ± 3, in the southern extended disk of that galaxy. Elsewhere, the 12CO/13CO line ratio is 5-20, typical of spiral galaxies. The line ratio variation in the overlap between the two galaxies is smaller, ranging from 10 ± 3 in the east to 20 ± 4 in the west. The 12CO/HCN line ratio also varies across Arp 299, although to a lesser degree. HCN emission is bright toward each galaxy nucleus and in the extranuclear region of active star formation; it was not detected in the IC 694 disk or the eastern part of the overlap region, leading to lower limits of 25 and 20, respectively. By contrast, at the nuclei of IC 694 and NGC 3690 the ratios are 9 ± 1 and 14 ± 3, respectively. In the western part of the overlap region it is 11 ± 3. The large 12CO/13CO 1-0 intensity ratio at the nucleus of IC 694 can primarily be attributed to a low-to-moderate optical depth (τ ≲ 1) in the 12CO 1-0 line. These data support the hypothesis that unusually high 12CO/13CO line ratios (>20) are associated with extremely compact molecular distributions in the nuclei of merging galaxies. Relative to 12CO,13CO 1-0 is brightest in quiescent regions of low 12CO surface brightness and weakest in starburst regions and the galactic nuclei. A medium consisting of dense (n = 104-105 cm-3) and warm (Tk > 50 K) gas will reproduce the extreme line ratios observed in the nucleus of IC 694, where the area filling factor must be at least 20%.
Extremely large magnetoresistance induced by Zeeman effect-driven electron-hole compensation and topological protection in MoSi 2

The magnetoresistance is the magnetic field induced change of electrical resistivity of a material. Recent studies have revealed extremely large magnetoresistance in several non-magnetic semimetals, which has been explained on the basis of either electron-hole compensation or the Fermi surface topology, or the combination of both. Here, we present a single crystal study on MoSi$_2$, which exhibits extremely large magnetoresistance, approaching almost 10$^7$ % at 2 K and 14 T magnetic field. It is found that the electron-hole compensation level in MoSi$_2$ evolves with magnetic field, which is resulted from strong Zeeman effect, and found beneficial in boosting the large non-saturating magnetoresistance. The non-trivial Berry phase in the de Haas-van Alphen oscillations and the moderate suppression of backward scattering of the charge carriers lend support for the topological nature of this semimetal. The ultra-large carrier mobility of the topologically protected charge carriers reinforces the magnetoresistance of MoSi2 to an unprecedented large value.
Galaxy–galaxy weak lensing in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: intrinsic alignments and shear calibration errors

Galaxy-galaxy lensing has emerged as a powerful probe of the dark matter haloes of galaxies, but is subject to contamination if intrinsically aligned satellites of the lens galaxy are used as part of the source sample. We present a measurement of this intrinsic shear using 200 747 lens galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectroscopic sample and a sample of satellites selected using photometric redshifts. The mean intrinsic shear at transverse separations of 30-446 h -1 kpc is constrained to be -0.0062 < Δγ < +0.0066 (99.9 per cent confidence, including identified systematics), which limits contamination of the galaxy-galaxy lensing signal to at most ∼15 per cent on these scales. We present these limits as a function of transverse separation and lens luminosity. We furthermore investigate shear calibration biases in the SDSS, which can also affect galaxy-galaxy lensing, and conclude that the shear amplitude is calibrated to better than 18 per cent. This includes noise-induced calibration biases in the ellipticity, which are small for the sample considered here, but which can be more important if low signal-to-noise ratio or poorly resolved source galaxies are used.
Work Motivation and Psychological Well-Being on Teacher Performance at Perguruan Alkhairaat, Palu, Indonesia

The UNESCO ranking (2016) and BAN S/M accreditation data show that the quality of Indonesian education is still low, and this is triggered by the quality of its teachers. It is predictable that approximately 1500 schools and 70 thousand teachers owned by Perguruan Alkhairaat in Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, also play an important role in the education process, especially in Central and Eastern Indonesia. The study aims to prove the influence of work motivation and psychological well-being on the performance of teacher at Perguruan Alkhairaat. This study uses a quantitative approach with 210 teachers. The sampling technique used is a non-probability sampling technique, namely accidental sampling. The teacher’s performance measurement tool uses the Teacher’s Job Performance Self-Rating Questionnaire (TJPSQ) developed by Amin et al. (2013), the work motivation measurement tool uses The Motivation for Teaching Scale developed by Abos et al. (2018), while the psychological measurement tool well-being using Psychological Well-Being Scales (PWBS) developed by Ryff (1989). The result of the research significance value is . 000 (P < .05) meaning there is a significant influence between work motivation and psychological well-being on the performance of teacher at Perguruan Alkhairaat. The results of the regression analysis test showed that R Square . 282 or 28.2% showed the large influence of work motivation and psychological well-being on the teacher performance at Perguruan Alkhairaat.
Evidence for Rapid Adiabatic Cooling as an Origin of the Recombining Plasma in the Supernova Remnant W49B Revealed by NuSTAR Observations

X-ray observations of supernova remnants (SNRs) in the last decade have shown that the presence of recombining plasmas is somewhat common in a certain type of object. The SNR W49B is the youngest, hottest, and most highly ionized among such objects, and hence provides crucial information about how the recombination phase is reached during the early evolutionary phase of SNRs. In particular, spectral properties of radiative recombination continuum (RRC) from Fe are the key for constraining the detailed plasma conditions. Here we present imaging and spectral studies of W49B with Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), utilizing the highest-ever sensitivity to the Fe RRC at ≳8.8 keV. We confirm that the Fe RRC is most prominent at the western part of the SNR because of the lowest electron temperature (∼1.2 keV) achieved there. Our spatially resolved spectral analysis reveals a positive correlation between the electron temperature and the recombination timescale with a uniform initial temperature of ∼4 keV, which is consistent with the rapid adiabatic cooling scenario as an origin of the overionization. This Letter demonstrates NuSTAR’s suitability for studies of thermal emission, in addition to hard nonthermal X-rays, from young and middle-aged SNRs.
Direct calculation of breather S matrices

We formulate a systematic Bethe ansatz approach for computing bound-state (`breather') S matrices for integrable quantum spin chains. We use this approach to calculate the breather boundary S matrix for the open XXZ spin chain with diagonal boundary fields. We also compute the soliton boundary S matrix in the critical regime.
Quest for the Donor Star in the Magnetic Precataclysmic Variable V1082 Sgr

We obtained high-resolution spectra and multicolor photometry of V1082 Sgr to study the donor star in this 20.8 hr orbital period binary, which is assumed to be a detached system. We measured the rotational velocity ( km s−1), which, coupled with the constraints on the white dwarf mass from the X-ray spectroscopy, leads to the conclusion that the donor star barely fills 70% of its corresponding Roche lobe radius. It appears to be a slightly evolved K2-type star. This conclusion was further supported by a recently published distance to the binary system measured by the Gaia mission. At the same time, it becomes difficult to explain a very high (>10−9 ) mass transfer and mass accretion rate in a detached binary via stellar wind and magnetic coupling.
Temperature Spectra of Interstellar Dust Grains Heated by Cosmic Rays. II. Dark Cloud Cores

Heating of whole interstellar grains induced by cosmic rays (CRs) is an important desorption mechanism for grain surface molecules in interstellar molecular clouds. This study aims to provide detailed temperature spectra for such CR-induced heating. For this, olivine grains with radii of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 μm shielded by interstellar gas with isotropic column densities characteristic of dark cores were considered. The accumulation of an ice mantle of increasing thickness was taken into account. The CR energy spectrum was obtained for these column densities for 32 CR constituents. We calculated the frequencies with which a CR nucleus with known energy hits a grain, depositing a certain amount of energy. As a result, we obtain the energy and temperature spectra for grains affected by CR hits. This allows us to improve the existing approaches to CR-induced whole-grain heating in astrochemical modeling.
Significance Tests for Boosted Location and Scale Models with Linear Base-Learners

Abstract Generalized additive models for location scale and shape (GAMLSS) offer very flexible solutions to a wide range of statistical analysis problems, but can be challenging in terms of proper model specification. This complex task can be simplified using regularization techniques such as gradient boosting algorithms, but the estimates derived from such models are shrunken towards zero and it is consequently not straightforward to calculate proper confidence intervals or test statistics. In this article, we propose two strategies to obtain p-values for linear effect estimates for Gaussian location and scale models based on permutation tests and a parametric bootstrap approach. These procedures can provide a solution for one of the remaining problems in the application of gradient boosting algorithms for distributional regression in biostatistical data analyses. Results from extensive simulations indicate that in low-dimensional data both suggested approaches are able to hold the type-I error threshold and provide reasonable test power comparable to the Wald-type test for maximum likelihood inference. In high-dimensional data, when gradient boosting is the only feasible inference for this model class, the power decreases but the type-I error is still under control. In addition, we demonstrate the application of both tests in an epidemiological study to analyse the impact of physical exercise on both average and the stability of the lung function of elderly people in Germany.
Interplay between localization and magnetism in (Ga,Mn)As and (In,Mn)As

Ion implantation of Mn combined with pulsed laser melting is employed to obtain two representative compounds of dilute ferromagnetic semiconductors (DFSs): Ga1-xMnxAs and In1-xMnxAs. In contrast to films deposited by the widely used molecular beam epitaxy, neither Mn interstitials nor As antisites are present in samples prepared by the method employed here. Under these conditions the influence of localization on the hole-mediated ferromagnetism is examined in two DFSs with a differing strength of p-d coupling. On the insulating side of the transition, ferromagnetic signatures persist to higher temperatures in In1-xMnxAs compared to Ga1-xMnxAs with the same Mn concentration x. This substantiates theoretical suggestions that stronger p-d coupling results in an enhanced contribution to localization, which reduces hole-mediated ferromagnetism. Furthermore, the findings support strongly the heterogeneous model of electronic states at the localization boundary and point to the crucial role of weakly localized holes in mediating efficient spin-spin interactions even on the insulator side of the metal-insulator transition.
A Hard Look at the Neutron Stars and Accretion Disks in 4U 1636-53, GX 17+2, and 4U 1705-44 with NuStar

We present NuSTAR observations of neutron star (NS) low-mass X-ray binaries: 4U 1636-53, GX 17+2, and 4U 1705-44. We observed 4U 1636-53 in the hard state, with an Eddington fraction, , of 0.01; GX 17+2 and 4U 1705-44 were in the soft state with fractions of 0.57 and 0.10, respectively. Each spectrum shows evidence for a relativistically broadened Fe Kα line. Through accretion disk reflection modeling, we constrain the radius of the inner disk in 4U 1636-53 to be ISCO (innermost stable circular orbit), assuming a dimensionless spin parameter , and ISCO for (errors quoted at 1σ). This value proves to be model independent. For and , for example, 1.08 ± 0.06 ISCO translates to a physical radius of km, and the NS would have to be smaller than this radius (other outcomes are possible for allowed spin parameters and masses). For GX 17+2, ISCO for and ISCO for . For and , ISCO translates to km. The inner accretion disk in 4U 1705-44 may be truncated just above the stellar surface, perhaps by a boundary layer or magnetosphere; reflection models give a radius of 1.46–1.64 ISCO for and 1.69–1.93 ISCO for . We discuss the implications our results may have on the equation of state of ultradense, cold matter and our understanding of the innermost accretion flow onto NSs with low surface magnetic fields, and systematic errors related to the reflection models and spacetime metric around less idealized NSs.
Design and application of piezoelectric biomaterials

Multifunctional materials have received increasing attention in recent years. Owing to their inherent biological nature and piezoelectric properties, piezoelectric biomaterials are considered as promising candidates for applications in biomedical systems. The rational material design is important to enhance their piezoelectric and biological activity. The recent development of piezoelectric viruses, peptides, and other polymeric biomaterials is reviewed. Fabrication methods, morphological features, and piezoelectric properties of these biomaterials are presented. The effects of growth direction, phase, and polarization of piezoelectric biomaterials on their piezoelectric activity are discussed. The applications of piezoelectric biomaterials in the fields of nanogenerators, energy-storage devices, sensors, and tissue engineering are provided. The challenges and perspective of piezoelectric biomaterials are provided at the end.
THE ROLE OF TINY GRAINS ON THE ACCRETION PROCESS IN PROTOPLANETARY DISKS

Tiny grains such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been thought to dramatically reduce the coupling between the gas and magnetic fields in weakly ionized gas such as in protoplanetary disks (PPDs) because they provide a tremendous surface area to recombine free electrons. The presence of tiny grains in PPDs thus raises the question of whether the magnetorotational instability (MRI) is able to drive rapid accretion consistent with observations. Charged tiny grains have similar conduction properties as ions, whose presence leads to qualitatively new behaviors in the conductivity tensor, characterized by 1$? >, where ne and denote the number densities of free electrons and all other charged species, respectively. In particular, Ohmic conductivity becomes dominated by charged grains rather than by electrons when exceeds about 103, and Hall and ambipolar diffusion (AD) coefficients are reduced by a factor of in the AD-dominated regime relative to that in the Ohmic regime. Applying the methodology of Bai, we find that in PPDs, when PAHs are sufficiently abundant (≳ 10−9 per H2 molecule), there exists a transition radius rtrans of about 10–20 AU, beyond which the MRI active layer extends to the disk midplane. At r < rtrans, the optimistically predicted MRI-driven accretion rate is one to two orders of magnitude smaller than that in the grain-free case, which is too small compared with the observed rates, but is in general no smaller than the predicted with solar-abundance 0.1 μm grains. At r > rtrans, we find that, remarkably, the predicted exceeds the grain-free case due to a net reduction of AD by charged tiny grains and reaches a few times 10−8 M☉ yr−1. This is sufficient to account for the observed in transitional disks. Larger grains (≳ 0.1 μm) are too massive to reach such high abundance as tiny grains and to facilitate the accretion process.
Anomalous Hall viscosity at the Weyl-semimetal–insulator transition

We show that 3D Lifshitz fermions arising as the critical theory at the Weyl semimetal/insulator transition naturally develop an anomalous Hall viscosity at finite temperature. We discuss how to couple the system to non-relativistic background sources for stress-tensor and momentum currents via a form of Newton-Cartan geometry with torsion and derive the Kubo formulas for the Hall viscosities. While the Lifshitz system that arises most naturally has scaling exponent $z=2$ we also generalize the theory for arbitrary Lifshitz scaling $z$ and show that, in the limit $z \to 0$, it may be given a Chern-Simons interpretation by dimensionally reducing along the anisotropic direction. The Hall viscosities are expressed in terms of zeta functions and their temperature dependence is dictated by the scaling exponent.
Farmers’ Preferences for Recycling Pesticide Packaging Waste: An Implication of a Discrete Choice Experiment Method

Recycling pesticide packaging wastes (PPWs) is important for promoting green development in agriculture and improving the rural ecological environment. However, limited studies have focused on the subsidy, reward, and punishment policies for the recycling of pesticide packaging wastes. Therefore, to fill the research gap, the main aim of this study was to analyze farmers’ preferences for different PPW recycling policies using a choice experiment method. Furthermore, the study identified farmers’ heterogeneous preferences to provide a decision-making base for the governments to formulate PPWs recycling policies. We used a random parameter logit and latent class model to approach study objectives. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 256 vegetable growers from the Hebei province of China. The results found that more than 80% of farmers used less than 30 g (mL) of pesticides, and more than 60% of farmers deeply buried the PPWs. In the study area, farmers preferred subsidy incentive policies and found it hard to accept the higher capacity specifications of pesticide packaging and punitive measures. Moreover, it is confirmed that farmers’ preferences for PPW recycling policies are heterogeneous, and 55.5% of farmers preferred incentive-type policies. Therefore, the government should establish a proper PPW recycling system with a subsidy-based incentive policy. Moreover, local agricultural officers should provide training to the farmers for recycling PPWs.