Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Terahertz quantum-well photodetectors: Design, performance, and improvements

Theoretical studies and numerical simulations on design, performance, and improvements of terahertz quantum-well photodetector (THz QWP) are presented. In the first part of this paper, we discuss the device band structure resulting from a self-consistent solution and simulation results. First, the temperature dependence of device characteristics is analyzed. Next, we deduce the condition of optimal doping concentration for maximizing dark current limited detectivity Ddet* when QWP is lightly doped. Accordingly, unlike in previously published reports, doping concentration is not fixed and is selected by the above condition. In the second part of this paper, we propose two schemes for improving operation temperature. The first is to incorporate an optical antenna which focuses incident THz wave. Numerical results show that the QWP with peak frequency higher than 5.5 THz is expected to achieve background-noise-limited performance at 77 K or above when employing a 106 times enhancement antenna. The second sch.
Theory of self-organisation in sorted stone stripes

The dynamics of self-organisation in simulated sorted stripes are considered. Basic random-walk theory is used to predict that the evolution follows power-law kinetics with the emergence of an asymptotic scaling state. The simulated patterns confirm these predictions with good correspondence being found between measured and calculated distributions of stripe sizes. Taking account of the dimensional difference between real and simulated stripes, a favourable comparison between theory and patterns observed on alpine slopes is also found. This novel application of scaling theory therefore explains the surprising order found in this natural phenomenon.
Shear response evaluation of sustainable self‐compacting concrete made up of recycled steel fibers of waste tyres

Use of rapidly increasing waste tyres can fetch the demand of green construction as well as prevent priceless land from becoming land dumps. The idea of using heavy traffic vehicle end‐of‐life tyres (HTV‐ELT) steel fibers is implemented to investigate the shear crack propagation and corresponding shear strength evolution of steel fiber‐reinforced green self‐compacting concrete (SFRGSCC). Three different average aspect ratios (25,35,45) mm were employed in two dosages (0.125% and 0.25% of total volume of matrix) in this work. It was determined that with the addition of end‐of‐life tyres steel fibers the rheological properties of SFRGSCC were decreased up to some extent but lies within the limiting value of the European Federation of National Associations Representing for Concrete (EFNARC). The addition of end‐of‐life tyres steel fibers showed a positive impact on postcracking behavior in shear. Interestingly, the experimental results indicated that the addition of end‐of‐life tyres steel fibers increased the ultimate shear strength of SFRGSCC beams as well as the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of SFRGSCC. Whereas the crack width opening was significantly decreased besides controlling the deflection.
Entrepreneurial alertness of founder-managers and the moderating effect of their fear of failure

The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine entrepreneurial alertness as a process and the influence of fear of failure on this process in the context of small firms. The hypotheses are tested within a sample of 179 founder-managers from small manufacturing firms in Eastern Mexico using a hierarchical regression analysis. The results show that the association and connection dimension partially mediates the relationship between the scanning and search dimension and the evaluation and judgment dimension. Also, these relationships are negatively moderated by fear of failure. This study contributes to the existing opportunity recognition research, specifically to better understand entrepreneurial alertness as a process that simultaneously crosses three different dimensions and incorporates the influence of fear of failure.
Climate Change and Adaptation in Pemba Island, Zanzibar: Environmental History – Pre-colonial Period to 1840

Despite vast research on climate change and adaptation in Pemba Island, and Zanzibar at large, little is still known about past climate changes and community adaptation to the ensuing hazards. Existing scholarship on climate change and community adaptation have generally focused on the most recent changes and adaptations. This paper intends to provide a historical understanding of past climate changes and community adaptation to contribute to the current scholarship. It relied on archival data, archaeological and historical reports, observation of existing sucked sites and existing oral traditions to reconstruct climate change adaptation history in the Island. The study found that climate changes have been happening in the Island since time immemorial. The Island experienced fluctuating rainfalls and temperatures that generated long- and short-term changes from wet to dry climatic conditions. The study further found that, for centuries, local communities in the Island suffered the impacts of climate change and innovated varied adaptations to survive. The strategies ranged from prayers to small-scale irrigation. It is argued that although the mechanism driving global climate change today are different from those in the past, the understanding of past adaptations to climate change offers some valuable insights into dealing with current and anticipated future climate changes.
Clinical effects of resurfacing fingertip amputations in long fingers using homodigital dorsal neurofascial broaden pedicle island flaps

Abstract The use of homodigital dorsal neurofascial broaden pedicle island flaps (HDNBPIF) to treat fingertip amputations is an ongoing research topic. Here, we evaluated the clinical effects of resurfacing fingertip amputations in long fingers using HDNBPIF. Seventeen patients with 18 long fingers were treated with HDNBPIF from December 2018 to May 2021. Total active motion (TAM) scores, Semmes Weinstein monofilament (SWM) test, static 2PD test, visual analogue scale (VAS), Vancouver scar scales (VSS), and quick DASH scores were evaluated at 12–25 months postoperation. The aesthetic satisfaction of the patients was estimated subjectively using a 5-point Likert scale. The mean defect size was 1.11 × 1.13 cm and mean flap size was 1.32 × 1.32 cm. All flaps survived and the mean TAM of injured fingers was 255.6° (Contralateral side: 268.4°, p < 0.05). Mean SWM score in the flap was 3.90 g, and 3.22 g in the donor zone. Mean static 2PD discrimination in the flap was 5.61 mm and 4.33 mm in the donor zone. Mean quick Dash scores were 5.81 whereas Mean VAS score in the flap was 0.7 and 0.2 in the donor site. Vancouver scar scales at the donor and recipient sites ranged from 0 to 2. At the end of the follow-up, all patients reported good aesthetic appearance and curative effects. These results show that HDNBPIF is a promising strategy that achieves good curative effects and recovery of fingertip functions. Type of Study and Level of Evidence: Therapeutic IV
Student Understanding of Light as an Electromagnetic Wave: Relating the Formalism to Physical Phenomena.

During an investigation of student understanding of physical optics, we found that some serious difficulties that students have with this topic may be due, at least in part, to a lack of understanding of the nature of light as an electromagnetic wave. We therefore decided to look carefully at how students interpret the diagrammatic and mathematical formalism commonly used to represent a plane EM wave. The results of this research have guided the development and modification of tutorials that address some of the difficulties that we identified. These instructional materials are an example of how, within a relatively short time allotment, a curriculum developed on the basis of research can help students relate the concepts and formal representations associated with EM waves to physical phenomena.
The Near-Earth Object Population

We examine the dynamics of a sample of 117 near-Earth objects (NEOs) over a time scale of 60 Myr. We find that while 10–20% end their lifetimes by striking a terrestrial planet (usually Venus or Earth), more than half end their lives in a Sun-grazing state, and about 15% are ejected from the Solar System. The median lifetime of our (biased) sample is about 10 Myr. We discuss the exchange of these objects between the various orbital classes and observe the creation of orbits entirely interior to that of Earth. A variety of resonant processes operating in the inner Solar System, while not dominant in determining the dynamical lifetimes, are crucial for understanding the orbital distribution. Several dynamical mechanisms exist which are capable of significantly increasing orbital eccentricities and inclinations. In particular, we exhibit important new routes to the Sun-grazing end-state, provided by the ν5 and ν2 secular resonances at high eccentricity between a=1.3 and 1.9 AU. We find no dynamical reason to demand that any significant component of the NEO population must come from a cometary source, although such a contribution cannot be ruled out by this work.
Mathematical Analysis of a Cellular Control Process with Positive Feedback

This paper studies a three-dimensional system of equations proposed by J. S. Griffith to model a cellular process for control of gene expression by positive feedback. The origin is a critical point for all parameter values. For parameter values where the positive octant contains one other critical point, we show that all nonzero solutions in that octant are positively asymptotic to this critical point. For another range of parameter values the positive octant contains two nonzero critical points, lying on a ray from the origin. We show that there is a two-dimensional surface of solutions positively asymptotic to the smaller of these two critical points; all nonzero solutions in the positive octant on one side of this surface are positively asymptotic to the origin and all nonzero solutions on the other side are positively asymptotic to the larger critical point.
Degradation of AlGaN/GaN Schottky diodes on silicon: Role of defects at the AlGaN/GaN interface

We report on a detailed investigation of the degradation of AlGaN/GaN Schottky diodes grown on silicon, submitted to high reverse-bias. The analyzed devices have a vertical structure; thanks to this feature, it was possible (i) to characterize the effects of stress by means of capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements, therefore, identifying and localizing the trap states generated as a consequence of the stress tests; (ii) to accurately control the intensity and distribution of the electric field over stress time. Results indicate that stress induces an increase in the leakage current, which is well correlated to the increase of a new capacitance peak in the C-V characteristics. Based on experimental data and bidimensional simulations, degradation is ascribed to the generation of donor traps in the GaN buffer, close to the AlGaN/GaN interface.
Statistical models of coupled dynamical systems and the transition from weak to strong coupling

The statistical model for steady‐state response of a coupled dynamical system that is used in both room acoustics and statistical energy analysis is taken as the hypothesis. The model is defined by the fundamental equations of linear relation between the response energies of the subsystems and the input powers. Additional restrictions arise from the principle of reciprocity. The model is used to examine the effect of variable strength of coupling between the subsystems and the transition from weak to strong coupling. Results familiar from modal analysis [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 63, 1081–1083 (1978)] are derived without introducing modal concepts.
Discovery of an SX Phoenicis Type Pulsating Component in the Algol-Type Semidetached Eclipsing Binary QU Sagittae in M71

We report the discovery of an SX Phoenicis type pulsating component in the Algol-type semidetached eclipsing binary QU Sge, in the metal-rich globular cluster M71. QU Sge is only about 80'' from the center of M71 and is located in the blue straggler region in the color-magnitude diagram of M71. It is considered to be a probable member of M71, with a membership probability greater than 60% deduced from a proper-motion study in the literature. From time-series CCD photometry, we find that QU Sge has an orbital period of 3.790818 days and a primary minimum depth of ΔV = 1.333 mag. The eclipsing light curve solution shows that QU Sge has a semidetached binary configuration with the secondary component fully filling its Roche lobe. After subtracting the eclipses from the light curve, we discover an SX Phoenicis type pulsation feature. It is found to have a short period of about 0.03 days and a small amplitude of about 0.024 mag. This is the first eclipsing binary system in a globular cluster to exhibit a pulsating feature. This result supports the model in which the origin of some blue stragglers in globular clusters is mass transfer between two components in the primordial binary systems.
New jig adapted for compression fatigue tests on composite materials

This paper presents a new adapted jig to perform quasi-static and fatigue compression tests based on the Combined Loading Compression (CLC), ASTM D6641 standard. This new jig is proposed to enable the performance of both static and fatigue tests accommodating various types of composite materials, different test standards, and coupons sizes. In order to validate the new testing jig, quasi-static and fatigue tests were performed in a composite with bidirectional carbon-fiber fabric type 8HS (Hardness Satin) with epoxy resin matrix. The numer 8 on 8HS means that during the production process, the warp yarn goes over seven before going under one fill yarn. The static and fatigue compressive stresses obtained for the 8HS composite were 643.2 MPa and 436.6 MPa respectively.
The Penrose Transform: Its Interaction with Representation Theory

Part 1 Lie algebras and flag manifolds: some structure theory borel and parabolic subalgebras generalized flag varieties fibrations of generalized flag varieties. Part 2 Homogeneous vector bundles on G/P: a brief review of representation theory homogeneous bundles on G/P a remark on inverse images. Part 3 The Weyl group, its actions, and Hasse diagrams: the Weyl group the affine Weyl action the Hasse diagram of a parabolic subalgebra relative Hasse diagrams. Part 4 The Bott-Borel-Weil Theorem: a simple proof some examples direct images. Part 5 Realizations of G/P: the projective realization the cell structure of G/P integral cohomology rings Co-Adjoint realizations and moment maps. Part 6 The Penrose transform in principle: pulling-back cohomology pushing-down cohomology a spectral sequence. Part 7 The Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand Resolution: a prototype translating BGG resolutions the general case on G/B the story for G/P an algorithm for computation non-standard morphisms relative BGG resolutions. Part 8 The Penrose transform in practice: the homogeneous Penrose transform the real thing the Penrose transform of forms on twistor space other bundles on twistor space the Penrose transform for ambitwistor space higher dimensions - conformal case a Grassmannian example an exceptional example the Ward correspondence. Part 9 Constructing unitary representations: the discrete series of SU(1,1) massless field representations the twistor point of view the twistor transform Hermitian symmetric spaces towards discrete series. Part 10 Module structures on cohomology: verma modules and differential operators invariant differential operators the algebraic Penrose transform K-types, local cohomology, and elementary states homomorphisms of Verma modules.
The Potential Threat of Vertical Transmission in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection: A Systematic Review 2022

This systematic review paper aimed to assess and analyze the prevalence of maternal colonization of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) also known as methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the peripartum period and its significance on vertical transmission to the neonate and if it is a potential threat to the health of newborns. For this, multiple databases, such as PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and the database of Elsevier, were used to scout for relevant articles, and results were reported adhering to the principles set by Preferred Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines 2020. A specific medical subject headings (MeSH) criterion was designed to search for relevant publications on PubMed. A total of 26 articles were finally selected after a meticulous screening process, including detailed inclusion and exclusion criteria, manual reading of titles and abstracts, and availability of accessible full-text articles. A few articles were also selected after going through the citations section of the initially selected papers. Quality appraisal was done on the selected publications. Maternal colonization of S. aureus is determined to be highly prevalent with the hypothesis that nasal colonization had higher rates than recto-vaginal sites. Increasing maternal age, history of vaginitis, and multiparity were the most common risk factors for MRSA and MSSA colonization. Premature babies were at the highest risk of MRSA colonization. Breast milk is also a risk factor for neonatal MRSA transmission. Through this systematic review, we concluded that although the rate of vertical transmission of MRSA is lower than that of MSSA, we felt that it held significance as neonates with the bug have poor outcomes due to skin and soft tissue infections and there is spread of MRSA to other neonates in the wards and spread to siblings in cases of triplets and quadruplets and even death due to potential MRSA sepsis. Women in Africa and China had high prevalence rates of MRSA and S. aureus which can probably be attributed to a lack of access to adequate healthcare facilities. We recommend screening with regular recto-vaginal swabs and nasal swabs especially in regions with a high burden of MRSA to be performed at regular intervals after confirmation of pregnancy, as prevention and screening are effective to avoid serious complications.
High-Resolution, High Signal-to-Noise, Global H I Spectra of Southern, Extreme Late-Type Spiral Galaxies

We have used the Nançay decimetric radio telescope to obtain high-resolution, high signal-to-noise, global H I spectra of 30 southern, extreme late-type spiral galaxies with Vh ≤ 3000 km s-1. For all of the galaxies we measure new precise radial velocities and H I velocity widths. Optical imaging and photometry of these galaxies was recently published by Matthews & Gallagher. In Appendix B we present new H I spectra for four additional late-type galaxies. The H I spectra of the extreme late-type spirals have velocity widths characteristic of true, rotationally supported disk galaxies, and most are double-peaked. Nonetheless, the morphologies of the H I profiles are diverse, indicating that disk galaxies with similar H I contents and optical luminosities can have very different H I distributions and/or velocity fields. H I profile type and Hubble type are generally well-correlated for our sample. Seventy-seven percent of our H I profiles show at least some degree of asymmetry; in many cases the stellar disk of these galaxies is also asymmetric. Several of our spectra have an additional H I peak near the systemic velocity, perhaps indicating a gas enhancement in the central regions of the galaxy disk.
Physics of high performance JET plasmas in DT

The Joint European Torus (JET) has recently operated with deuterium-tritium (DT) mixtures, carried out an International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) physics campaign in hydrogen, deuterium, DT and tritium, installed the Mark IIGB `Gas Box' divertor fully by remote handling and started physics experiments with this more closed divertor. The DT experiments set records for fusion power (16.1? MW), ratio of fusion power to plasma input power (0.62, and 0.95? 0.17 if a similar plasma could be obtained in steady state) and fusion duration (4? MW for 4? s). A large scale tritium supply and processing plant, the first of its kind, allowed the repeated use of the 20? g of tritium on-site to supply 99.3? g of tritium to the machine. The H? mode threshold power is significantly lower in DT, but the global energy confinement time is practically unchanged (no isotope effect). Dimensionless scaling `wind tunnel' experiments in DT extrapolate to ignition with ITER parameters. The scaling is close to gyro-Bohm, but the mass dependence is not correct. Separating the thermal plasma energy into core and pedestal contributions could resolve this discrepancy (leading to proper gyro-Bohm scaling for the core) and also account for confinement degradation at high density and at high radiated power. Several radiofrequency heating schemes have been tested successfully in DT, showing good agreement with calculations. Alpha particle heating has been clearly observed and is consistent with classical expectations. Internal transport barriers have been established in optimized magnetic shear discharges in DT and steady state conditions have been approached with simultaneous internal and edge transport barriers. First results with the newly installed Mark IIGB divertor show that the in-out symmetry of the divertor plasma can be modified using differential gas fuelling, that optimized shear discharges can be produced and that krypton gas puffing is effective in restoring L? mode edge conditions and establishing an internal transport barrier in such discharges.
Modeling irrigation‐based climate change adaptation in agriculture: Model development and evaluation in Northeast China

Replacing a rainfed cropping system with an irrigated one is widely assumed to be an effective measure for climate change adaptation. However, many agricultural impact studies have not necessarily accounted for the space‐time variations in the water availability under changing climate and land use. Moreover, many hydrologic and agricultural assessments of climate change impacts are not fully integrated. To overcome this shortcoming, a tool that can simultaneously simulate the dynamic interactions between crop production and water resources in a watershed is essential. Here we propose the regional production and circulation coupled model (CROVER) by embedding the PRYSBI‐2 (Process‐based Regional Yield Simulator with Bayesian Inference version 2) large‐area crop model into the global water resources model (called H08), and apply this model to the Songhua River watershed in Northeast China. The evaluation reveals that the model's performance in capturing the major characteristics of historical change in surface soil moisture, river discharge, actual crop evapotranspiration, and soybean yield relative to the reference data during the interval 1979–2010 is satisfactory accurate. The simulation experiments using the model demonstrated that subregional irrigation management, such as designating the area to which irrigation is primarily applied, has measurable influences on the regional crop production in a drought year. This finding suggests that reassessing climate change risk in agriculture using this type of modeling is crucial not to overestimate potential of irrigation‐based adaptation.