Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOMATOTYPE AND BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG SCHOOLCHILDREN IN PORT-HARCOURT, NIGERIA.

Recently, monitoring blood pressure among paediatric population is being emphasized to allow for early detection and prevention of risk factors associated with hypertention. Few studies have highlighted the relationship between somatotype and blood pressure among children in other populations and relatively none is found in literature for the Nigerian population. The study consisted of 205 children aged 6 to 10 years drawn from three primary schools within Port-Harcourt, Nigeria. Using the Heath-Carter method, somatotype was estimated based on ten anthropometric measurements taken on each subject. Blood pressure was measured using a digital monitoring device. The data were analysed for descriptive statistics. ANOVA and t-test were also carried out to evaluate the age and sex-related differences in measured parameters. Also, Pearson’s correlation was done. The results showed that the mean age of the sample was 8.98±1.19 years and mean somatotype was 1.9-3.9-3.5; mean blood pressure were; 89±11.19 and 57±8.88, for systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively. The student t-test result showed sex difference occurred in endomorphy throughout all ages whereas sex difference was noted for mesomorphy only at ages 6 and 13 years. However, no sex difference was observed in ectomorphy. Endomorphy correlated positively with systolic blood pressure(r=0.132) while ectomorphy correlated negatively with systolic BP(r= - 0.005). The tendency towards development of a risk factor for cardiovascular disease can be attributed to an endomorphic body constitution while ectomorphy (linearity) offers an adaptative advantage to health even in childhood. The knowledge of this relationship is relevant to public health practitioners and clinical epidemiologist.
DETECTION OF SALMONELLA SPP. ISOLATED FROM READY-TO-EAT FOOD BY PCR AND CONVENTIONAL METHODS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Salmonella e are important food-borne pathogens. Infection with Salmonella may not lead to fatal disease, but it may remain localized in the gastrointestinal tract resulting in gastroenteritis or may take a septicemic form that can affect several organ systems causing gastroenteritis, bacteremia and subsequent focal infection. To compare PCR with different conventional methods for identification of Salmonella species, and to determine the virulence of the Salmonella serovars obtained from Ready-to-eat food by investigating the presence of virulence gene, InvA in the chromosomal DNA. A total of 100 clinical samples were collected. These included: 25 beef burger, 25 kofta, 25 hawawshy and 25 liver sandwiches. They were subjected to bacteriological, biochemical examination and PCR amplification assay for virulence gene invA . By comparing the results of PCR using S139 and S141 primers and those of biochemical reactions, it was found that PCR could detect 13 samples as Salmonella isolates that include (9 biochemically positive and 4 biochemically negative). While biochemical reactions could detect 11 samples as Salmonella isolates and when examined by PCR, it excluded 2 samples as non- Salmonella isolates. So, we found that PCR is more specific and more superior to cultural methods and biochemical test for isolation of Salmonella . By comparing the results of PCR and those of serological test, it was found that PCR assay had the same results of serological test, for the strains that were biochemically positive, so the PCR assay were used to confirm the serological results. PCR amplification assay has the ability to detect a wide range of Salmonella species depending on the design of primers targeted to invasion gene operon ( InvA gene) of salmonella . In conclusion, PCR technique may provide a valuable, rapid, specific and sensitive laboratory diagnostic test for detection of salmonella DNA in cultures.
Seeds of Life in Space (SOLIS)

Context. Low-mass protostars drive powerful molecular outflows that can be observed with millimetre and submillimetre telescopes. Various sulfuretted species are known to be bright in shocks and could be used to infer the physical and chemical conditions throughout the observed outflows. Aims. The evolution of sulfur chemistry is studied along the outflows driven by the NGC 1333-IRAS4A protobinary system located in the Perseus cloud to constrain the physical and chemical processes at work in shocks. Methods. We observed various transitions from OCS, CS, SO, and SO2 towards NGC 1333-IRAS4A in the 1.3, 2, and 3 mm bands using the IRAM NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array and we interpreted the observations through the use of the Paris-Durham shock model. Results. The targeted species clearly show different spatial emission along the two outflows driven by IRAS4A. OCS is brighter on small and large scales along the south outflow driven by IRAS4A1, whereas SO2 is detected rather along the outflow driven by IRAS4A2 that is extended along the north east–south west direction. SO is detected at extremely high radial velocity up to + 25 km s−1 relative to the source velocity, clearly allowing us to distinguish the two outflows on small scales. Column density ratio maps estimated from a rotational diagram analysis allowed us to confirm a clear gradient of the OCS/SO2 column density ratio between the IRAS4A1 and IRAS4A2 outflows. Analysis assuming non Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium of four SO2 transitions towards several SiO emission peaks suggests that the observed gas should be associated with densities higher than 105 cm−3 and relatively warm (T > 100 K) temperatures in most cases. Conclusions. The observed chemical differentiation between the two outflows of the IRAS4A system could be explained by a different chemical history. The outflow driven by IRAS4A1 is likely younger and more enriched in species initially formed in interstellar ices, such as OCS, and recently sputtered into the shock gas. In contrast, the longer and likely older outflow triggered by IRAS4A2 is more enriched in species that have a gas phase origin, such as SO2.
-12589-Evaluate the effect of Electroconvulsive therapy in treatment of children with depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and aim: Due to the lack of evidence on the effectiveness of Electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of children with depression and the lack of meta-analysis studies in this area in recent years and the consensus of previous studies, the present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of depressive disorder in children. Method: all articles published in international databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Embase between January 2000 and March 2022 included. Google Scholar search engine was used; Used PICO strategy to answer the research questions. Data analysis was performed using STATA.V16 software. Result: In the initial search, 481 studies were identified; full text of 90 articles was reviewed; finally eight articles entered the analysis. Response rate of depression was 71% (ES; 95 CI: 31-100%)). Percentage of Cognitive impairment and Seizure related was 45% (ES; 95 CI: 6-85%)) and 17% (ES; 95 CI: 0-56%)). Mean differences between Pre-treatment and post-treatment was -2.30 (MD; 95 CI (-2.46, -2.13), p=0.00). Conclusion: It should be noted that children should first undergo medication and psychotherapy, and after resistance to treatment, Electroconvulsive therapy should be used; In general, Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in the treatment process.
Stem Cell and Transplantation Neuropilin-2 Identifies Cardiovascular Precursor Cells and is Required for Vascular Differentiation in Murine Embryonic Stem Cells System

Neuropilins are cell surface receptors that bind Class III semaphorins and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). While Neuropilin-1 is essential for vascular development, the role of Neuropilin-2 is less well defined. The objective of this study was to determine the role of Neuropilin-2 in early cardiac and vascular differentiation in embryonic stem cells. We report that expression of Neuropilin-2 coincides temporally with Brachyury expression in murine embryonic stem cells and that Neuropilin-2 expression occurs in the majority of Brachyury positive cells. In contrast to Neuropilin-1, we found very few Neuropilin-2 positive cells that co-express the hemangioblast marker Flk-1. Both Neuropilin-2 positive and Brachyury positive cells express mesoderm markers that can differentiate into cardiomyocyte, endothelial and smooth muscle cell types with equivalent efficiency. However, inhibition of Neuropilin-2 expression impairs the differentiation of cardiovascular precursors to endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, but not cardiomyocytes. The onset of Neuropilin-2 expression identifies a sub-population of Brachyury positive cardiovascular precursors that can differentiate to endothelial, smooth muscle and cardiomyocyte cell types. Furthermore, Neuropilin-2 is functionally required for differentiation of vascular cell types but not cardiomyocytes.
Eye movements during reference production

When referring to a target object in a visual scene, speakers are assumed to consider certain distractor objects that are visible to be more relevant than others. However, previous research that has tested this assumption has mainly applied offline measures of visual attention, such as the occurrence of overspecification in speakers’ target descriptions. Therefore, in the current study, we take both online (eye-tracking) and offline (overspecifica- tion) measures of attention, to study how perceptual grouping affects scene perception, and reference production. We manipulated three grouping principles: region of space, type similar- ity, and color similarity. For all three factors, we found effects, either on eye movements (region of space), overspecification (color similarity), or both (type similarity). The results for type similarity provide direct evidence for the close link between scene perception and reference production.
The Power of Feedback and Reflection: A Brief Online Scenario-based Learning Activity Designed to Increase Student Teachers’ Self -efficacy and Classroom Readiness

This study aimed to test whether an online scenario-based learning activity increases student teachers’ sel f-efficacy and emotional, motivational, and cognitive classroom readiness before they start their first teaching practicum. Specifically, we explored whether the effectiveness of the intervention depends on the inclusion of expert teacher feedback and the opportunity to reflect on the scenarios. A total of 238 Australian student teachers (64.3% females, mean age = 23.84 years, SD = 6.64) participated in the study. The student teachers were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: waiting-control group (scenario-based learning activity), intervention group 1 (scenario-based learning activity, feedback) and intervention group 2 (scenario-based learning, feedback, reflection). The findings from a path model indicated that both intervention types significantly enhanced cognitive classroom readiness. A significant effect on self-efficacy was found for intervention group 2. Overall, our research demonstrates the potential of an easy-to-implement online intervention in enhancing self-efficacy and classroom readiness.
Pathogen exposure misclassification can bias association signals in GWAS of infectious diseases when using population-based common controls

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed to identify host genetic factors for a range of phenotypes, including for infectious diseases. The use of population-based common controls from biobanks and extensive consortiums is a valuable resource to increase sample sizes in the identification of associated loci with minimal additional expense. Non-differential misclassification of the outcome has been reported when the controls are not well-characterized, which often attenuates the true effect size. However, for infectious diseases the comparison of cases to population-based common controls regardless of pathogen exposure can also result in selection bias. Through simulated comparisons of pathogen exposed cases and population-based common controls, we demonstrate that not accounting for pathogen exposure can result in biased effect estimates and spurious genome-wide significant signals. Further, the observed association can be distorted depending upon strength of the association between a locus and pathogen exposure and the prevalence of pathogen exposure. We also used a real data example from the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genetic consortium comparing HCV spontaneous clearance to persistent infection with both well characterized controls, and population-based common controls from the UK Biobank. We find biased effect estimates for known HCV clearance-associated loci and potentially spurious HCV clearance-associations. These findings suggest that the choice of controls is especially important for infectious diseases or outcomes that are conditional upon environmental exposures.
From The Plague Horrors of Cholera, What Partnership Lessons Can Be Learnt in Addressing COVID-19 In Zambia

Abstract Since the outbreak of COVID-19 on 31 December 2019, different public health systems have been grappling with how to address the spread of the virus. During the cholera outbreak and the Covid-19 pandemic in Zambia, values such as equity, partnership and collaboration have been recognized as central to resilience and an effective response to the pandemic. In this study we identify lessons that can be used for addressing the COVID-19 pandemic from partnership approach used in confronting the cholera outbreak of 2017-2018 in Zambia Chipata Compound. Method: Data was collected using a qualitative approach; 26 interviews were conducted with Public Health Professionals and community Leaders. Document reviews from government institutions and non-government institutions were also conducted. The Bergen model of Collaborative Functioning was used to guide the analysis of data. Results: A top-down approach was observed to be important in addressing cholera but there was a need to improve a bottom-up approach. Synergistic results, avoidance of duplication, Oral cholera vaccination intervention and collaborative capacity building. Challenges in the partnership collaboration included inadequate resources, poor communication, poor coordination, lack of clear shared vision, reactive response, poor involvement of the community, hegemonic powers and mistrust and resentment Conclusion: From the experience of cholera outbreaks, partnerships are vital in addressing pandemics. Based on the lessons from the cholera outbreaks, we note that there is a need to improve collaboration in partnership if COVID-19 and cholera are to be effectively addressed.
Carotid atherosclerosis in people of European, South Asian and African Caribbean ethnicity in the Southall and Brent revisited study (SABRE)

Background Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk differs by ethnicity. In comparison with Europeans (EA) South Asian (SA) people in UK experience higher risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, while African Caribbean people have a lower risk of CHD but a higher risk of stroke. Aim To compare carotid atherosclerosis in EA, SA, and AC participants in the Southall and Brent Revisited (SABRE) study and establish if any differences were explained by ASCVD risk factors. Methods Cardiovascular risk factors were measured, and carotid ultrasound was performed in 985 individuals (438 EA, 325 SA, 228 AC). Carotid artery plaques and intima-media thickness (cIMT) were measured. Associations of carotid atherosclerosis with ethnicity were investigated using generalised linear models (GLMs), with and without adjustment for non-modifiable (age, sex) and modifiable risk factors (education, diabetes, hypertension, total cholesterol, HDL-C, alcohol consumption, current smoking). Results Prevalence of any plaque was similar in EA and SA, but lower in AC (16, 16, and 6%, respectively; p < 0.001). In those with plaque, total plaque area, numbers of plaques, plaque class, or greyscale median did not differ by ethnicity; adjustment for risk factors had minimal effects. cIMT was higher in AC than the other ethnic groups after adjustment for age and sex, adjustment for risk factors attenuated this difference. Conclusion Prevalence of carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques varies by ethnicity, independent of risk factors. Lower plaque prevalence in in AC is consistent with their lower risk of CHD but not their higher risk of stroke. Higher cIMT in AC may be explained by risk factors. The similarity of plaque burden in SA and EA despite established differences in ASCVD risk casts some doubt on the utility of carotid ultrasound as a means of assessing risk across these ethnic groups.
Engineering Leadership Styles Used in Industry Today

the of the skeletal response to mechanical air energy conservation of air the investigation of relationships among components of the indoor environment, occupants, and energy usage. Speciﬁcally, the effects of the indoor environment on occupant health and well-being and in parallel, how socially-mediated energy-saving strategies can increase awareness of energy use and/or increase energy saving behaviors. research on identifying, assessing, and developing key skills, knowledge, attitudes, and other intrinsic and extrinsic factors required for engineers to effectively lead others, particularly other engineers and across cultures.
ANESTHESIA AWARENESS: EFFECTS SEEN BETWEEN ADULTS AND CHILDREN

whereas adults ABSTRACT Anesthesia is a very difficult to measure due to indistinguishable brain activity between the anesthetized and the awakened. [1] Approximately 20 million individuals undergo anesthesia for various types of surgery that could bring about anesthesia awareness in which children are at a greater risk of experiencing wakefulness in comparison to adults. Anesthesia is administered with the purpose to abolish consciousness and prevent any types of motor movements, voluntary or involuntary, from occurring during the operative procedure. Anesthesia awareness is reported by patients after the procedure in terms of them having recollection of auditory or vivid visual memories of the surgery, through which they were able to visually witness everything while feeling they were unable to move. Furthermore, individuals that experience anesthesia awareness tend to be traumatized, psychologically, in a way that presents as a post-traumatic stress disorder. These individuals may experience flashbacks, nightmares, anxiety that may be generalized or be triggered in the aspect that it only occurs at specific times.
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Two Formulas for Success in Social Media: Social Learning and Network Effects

This paper examines social learning and network effects that are particularly important for online videos, considering the limited marketing campaigns of user-generated content. Rather than combining both social learning and network effects under the umbrella of social contagion or peer influence, we develop a theoretical model and empirically identify social learning and network effects separately. Using a unique data set from YouTube, we find that both mechanisms have statistically and economically significant effects on video views, and which mechanism dominates depends on the specific video type.
Photoaffinity Antigens for Human

V (cid:1) 2V (cid:2) 2 T cells comprise the major subset of peripheral blood (cid:1)(cid:2) T cells in humans and expand during infections by recognizing small nonpeptide prenyl pyrophosphates. These molecules include ( E )-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl-pyrophosphate (HMBPP), a microbial isoprenoid intermediate, and isopentenyl pyrophosphate, an endogenous isoprenoid intermediate. Recognition of these nonpeptide Ags is mediated by the V (cid:1) 2V (cid:2) 2 T cell Ag receptor. Several ﬁndings suggest that prenyl pyrophosphates are presented by an Ag-presenting molecule: contact between T cells and APC is required, the Ags do not bind the V (cid:1) 2V (cid:2) 2 TCR directly, and Ag recognition is abrogated by TCR mutations in CDRs distant from the putative Ag recognition site. Identiﬁcation of the putative Ag-presenting molecule, however, has been hindered by the inability to achieve stable association of nonpeptide prenyl pyrophosphate Ags with the presenting molecule. In this study, we show that photoafﬁnity analogues of HMBPP, meta / para -benzo-phenone-(methylene)-prenyl pyrophosphates ( m / p -BZ-(C)-C 5 -OPP), can crosslink to the surface of tumor cell lines and be presented as Ags to (cid:1)(cid:2) T cells. Mutant tumor cell lines lacking MHC class I, MHC class II, (cid:3) 2 -microglobulin, and CD1, as well as tumor cell lines from a variety of tissues and individuals, will all crosslink to and present m -BZ-C 5 -OPP. Finally, pulsing of BZ-(C)-C 5 -OPP is inhibited by isopentenyl pyrophosphate and an inactive analog, suggesting that they bind to the same molecule. Taken together, these results suggest that nonpeptide Ags are presented by a novel-Ag-presenting molecule that is widely distributed and nonpolymorphic, but not classical MHC class I, MHC class II, or CD1. The Journal of Immunology, 2008, 181: 7738–7750.
The dilution procedure to manipulate microbial biodiversity in terrestrial 1 systems revisited 2

26 It is hard to assess experimentally the importance of microbial diversity in soil for the 27 functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. An approach that is often used to make such 28 assessment is the so-called dilution method. This method is based on the assumption 29 that the biodiversity of the microbial community is reduced after dilution of a soil 30 suspension and that the reduced diversity persists after incubation of more or less 31 diluted inocula in soil. However, little is known how the communities develop in soil 32 after inoculation. In this study serial dilutions of a soil suspension were made, and re- 33 inoculated into the original soil previously sterilized by γ-irradiation. We determined 34 the structure of the microbial communities in the suspensions and the inoculated soils 35 using 454-pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA. Upon dilution, several diversity indices 36 showed that, indeed, the diversity of the bacterial communities in the suspensions 37 reduced dramatically, with Proteobacteria as the dominant phylum of bacteria 38 detected in all dilutions. The structure of the microbial community was changed 39 considerably in soil with Proteobacteria , Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia as the 40 dominant groups in most diluted samples, indicating the importance of soil related 41 mechanisms operating in the assembly of the communities. We found unique OTUs 42 even in the highest dilution both in the suspensions and in the incubated soil samples. 43 We conclude that the dilution approach does allow for reducing the diversity of 44 microbial communities in soil samples, but it does not allow for accurate predictions 45 on the community assemblage during incubation of (diluted) suspensions in soil. 46 47 48 49
Growing Social and Moral Conflict Between Conservative Protestantism and Science

: Due to conservative Protestant elites challenging scientists in the public sphere, and prominent scientists attacking religion, scholars have claimed that there is an increasing conflict between conservative Protestants and science. However, these claims have never been empirically investigated and these general claims do not specify what conflict is actually about. In this paper I use the General Social Survey from 1984 to 2010 to examine if conservative Protestants are increasingly opposed to the social and moral influence of scientists. I find evidence for increasing opposition by Biblical literalist conservative Protestants to the involvement of scientists in social debates about moral issues.