Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oxidation of Arabidopsis thaliana COX19 Using the Combined Action of ERV1 and Glutathione

Protein import and oxidative folding within the intermembrane space (IMS) of mitochondria relies on the MIA40–ERV1 couple. The MIA40 oxidoreductase usually performs substrate recognition and oxidation and is then regenerated by the FAD-dependent oxidase ERV1. In most eukaryotes, both proteins are essential; however, MIA40 is dispensable in Arabidopsis thaliana. Previous complementation experiments have studied yeast mia40 mutants expressing a redox inactive, but import-competent versions of yeast Mia40 using A. thaliana ERV1 (AtERV1) suggest that AtERV1 catalyzes the oxidation of MIA40 substrates. We assessed the ability of both yeast and Arabidopsis MIA40 and ERV1 recombinant proteins to oxidize the apo-cytochrome reductase CCMH and the cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX19, a typical MIA40 substrate, in the presence or absence of glutathione, using in vitro cysteine alkylation and cytochrome c reduction assays. The presence of glutathione used at a physiological concentration and redox potential was sufficient to support the oxidation of COX19 by AtERV1, providing a likely explanation for why MIA40 is not essential for the import and oxidative folding of IMS-located proteins in Arabidopsis. The results point to fundamental biochemical differences between Arabidopsis and yeast ERV1 in catalyzing protein oxidation.
Thermal imaging to phenotype traditional maize landraces for drought tolerance

Searching and identification of new crops or varieties with higher adaptation or resistance to water stress is one of the strategies to make agriculture profitable and more sustainable. Especially en arid and semi areas with limiting water resources. This study establishes a practical, fast and replicable protocol to select maize genotypes for its capability to respond to water stress. Eight Portuguese maize landraces (LD), traditionally grown in areas with different altitude and subjected to potentially different degrees of water stress (low altitude = potentially lower stress; high altitude = potentially higher stress) was used. Seedlings were subjected to continuous watering (FI) or forced to water withholding (non-irrigated) for a period of 7-8 days followed by re-watering (NI). Leaf temperature was determined every 48 h by thermal imaging and the temperature difference between NI and FI plants (ΔTNI-FI) was calculated. We found that those genotypes that traditionally had been grown at higher altitudes kept more stable leaf temperature values under dry or wet conditions (small ΔTNI-FI) even under severe water stress. These results will help to optimize a screening protocol for maize seedlings and select novel genotypes or LDs better adapted to water stress, especially in regions where irrigation water is scarce.
Long-term Acid Deposition Effects on Soil and Water Chemistry in the Noland Divide Watershed, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA

Impacts from acidic deposition on stream water quality in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) have long been reported, however a better understanding of the biogeochemical processes that regulate stream acidification is needed for resource management. Water quality monitoring of Noland Divide Watershed (NDW), a high-elevation watershed in the GRSM, was used to generate an ion input-output budget in order to evaluate what processes have influenced stream pH and acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) over the long term. NDW was equipped with wet deposition, throughfall, soil lysimeters, and stream collection stations, and monitoring began in 1991 and continues to the present. Using data from 1991-2006 this study found annual deposition fluxes of SO4 and NO3 averaged 1,735 and 863 eq ha yr, respectively. Data indicated that 61% of the net SO4 entering the watershed was retained, suggesting soil adsorption dominates as a biogeochemical process. Although, net SO4 retention was observed, SO4 appeared to move rapidly through NDW during large precipitation events causing stream acidification, as evidenced by significant inverse correlations between biweekly throughfall SO4 flux and stream event pH and ANC. Nitrogen uptake by forest vegetation and nitrification play key roles in regulating NO3 export to the stream as observed by 32% retention of net inorganic nitrogen, and 96% of NH4 input was converted to NO3 in the uppermost soil horizon. Net export of base cations (Ca, Mg, Na) was observed, and apparently moderates 11 stream acidification. In contrast, 71% of net K input was retained, which is likely due to forest vegetation uptake. Net export of Ca was 867 eq ha yr compared to net throughfall of 790 eq ha yr. Long-term cation depletion from the NDW soils could limit recovery potential in stream water quality. Findings from this NDW study suggest that future stream acidification conditions in high-elevation GRSM watersheds are dependent on interrelated biogeochemical processes and precipitation patterns, illustrating the need to better understanding potential impacts of climate variability on stream water quality.
Nano-Photosensitizer Directed Targeted Phototherapy Effective Against Oral Cancer in Animal Model

Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising strategy for oral cancer treatment. Verteporfin is a powerful photosensitizer and widely used in the treatment of macular degeneration. However, rare work has reported its potential in the treatment of oral cancer. Methods In this study, we introduce an innovative approach of nano-photosensitizer based on Verteporfin, which was prepared by utilizing macrophage membrane to coat Verteporfin-loaded zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 (ZIF-8) for effective photodynamic therapy against oral cancer. Nanoparticle characteristics were assessed including size, zeta potential, and PDI. Cellular uptake studies were conducted using CAL-27 cells. Furthermore, inhibitory effects in both in vitro and in vivo settings were observed, ensuring biosafety. Assessment of anticancer efficacy involved tumor volume measurement, histological analyses, and immunohistochemical staining. Results In vitro experiments indicated that the nano-photosensitizer showed efficient cellular uptake in the oral cancer cells. Upon the laser irradiation, the nano-photosensitizer induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to cancer cell apoptosis. The in vivo experiments indicated that the coating with cell membranes enhanced the circulation time of nano-photosensitizer. Moreover, the specificity of the nano-photosensitizer to the cancer cells was also improved by the cell membrane-camouflaged structure in the tumor-bearing mouse model, which inhibited the tumor growth significantly by the photodynamic effect in the presence of laser irradiation. Conclusion Overall, our findings demonstrate the potential of macrophage membrane-coated ZIF-8-based nanoparticles loaded with Verteporfin for effective photodynamic therapy in oral cancer treatment. This nano-system holds promise for synergistic cancer therapy by combining the cytotoxic effects of PDT with the activation of the immune system, providing a novel therapeutic strategy for combating cancer.
Iceberg jam floods in Icelandic proglacial rivers: testing the self-organized criticality hypothesis

In this paper, we describe a fluvial marginal process associated with the formation of iceberg jams in Icelandic proglacial lakes. The floods triggered by the release of these iceberg jams have implications for the geomorphic evolution of the proglacial fluvial system. The process of iceberg jam floods share some conceptual characteristics with Self-Organized Criticality (SOC) approach of complex systems. Using a simple numerical model and field observations, we test the hypothesis that iceberg jam floods exhibit SOC. Field observations and aerial photo-interpretations in southeastern Iceland demonstrate the occurrence of icebergs jam in ice-contact lakes. The mapping of the south Vatnajokull margins between 2003 and 2012 reveals an increase of the calving potentiality and a rise in the likelihood of iceberg jam flood occurrence. Based on the results of the numerical model and field observations, we suggest that iceberg jam floods should be recognized as a SOC phenomenon. Analysis of the simulated time-series show that the iceberg jam floods become less frequent and more similar in magnitude over time. This global trend is related to the gradual enlargement of the lake outlet channel.
Epidemiological Patterns of Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Summary Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) is a clinical syndrome in animals due to FMD virus that exists in seven serotypes, whereby recovery from one sero-type does not confer immunity against the other six. So when considering intervention strategies in endemic settings, it is important to take account of the characteristics of the different serotypes in different ecological systems. FMD serotypes are not uniformly distributed in the regions of the world where the disease still occurs. For example, the cumulative incidence of FMD serotypes show that six of the seven serotypes of FMD (O, A, C, SAT-1, SAT-2, SAT-3) have occurred in Africa, while Asia contends with four sero-types (O, A, C, Asia-1), and South America with only three (O, A, C). Periodically there have been incursions of Types SAT-1 and SAT-2 from Africa into the Middle East. This paper describes the global dynamics for the seven sero-types and attempts to define FMD epidemiological clusters in the different regions of the world. These have been described on a continent by continent basis. The review has reaffirmed that the movement of infected animals is the most important factor in the spread of FMD within the endemically infected regions. It also shows that the eco-system based approach for defining the epidemiological patterns of FMD in endemic, which was originally described in South America, can apply readily to other parts of the world. It is proposed that any coordinated regional or global strategy for FMD control should be based on a sound epidemiological assessment of the incidence and distribution of FMD, identifying risk sources as either primary or secondary endemic eco-systems.
MuDeLA: multi-level deep learning approach for intrusion detection systems

In recent years, deep learning techniques have achieved significant results in several fields, like computer vision, speech recognition, bioinformatics, medical image analysis, and natural language processing. On the other hand, deep learning for intrusion detection has been widely used, particularly the implementation of convolutional neural networks (CNN), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and autoencoders (AE) to classify normal and abnormal. In this article, we propose a multi-level deep learning approach (MuDeLA) for intrusion detection systems (IDS). The MuDeLA is based on CNN and MLP to enhance the performance of detecting attacks in the IDS. The MuDeLA is evaluated by using various well-known benchmark datasets like KDDCup'99, NSL-KDD, and UNSW-NB15 in order to expand the comparison with different related work results. The outcomes show that the proposed MuDeLA achieves high efficiency for multiclass classification compared with the other methods, where the accuracy reaches 95.55 for KDDCup'99, 88.12 for NSL-KDD, and 90.52 for UNSW-NB15.
The Effect Of Price Competition And Trust On Electronic Product Purchase Decisions On Outlet Offline and Online Retail

This study aims to examine the effect of price competition and trust on electronic product purchase decisions at offline and online retail outlets. This type of research is quantitative research, using the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling method or called PLS-SEM because it is one of the variant-based tools that simultaneously measure relationships between variables and test measurement models as well as structural model testing with the help of SmartPLS software. The method used in this study is the survey method, where the author distributes questionnaires for data collection. The population used is consumers who have purchased electronic products both offline and online, especially in the Tangerang Banten area, with a sample of 248 used. This study uses price and trust variables as independent variables, electronic product purchase decisions as dependent variables, and offline retail outlets and online retail outlets as intervening variables. The results of this study show that Price has a positive and significant effect on Electronic Product Purchase Decisions, Prices have a positive and significant effect on Offline and Online Retail Outlets, Trust has a positive and significant effect on Electronic Product Purchase Decisions, Trust has a positive and significant effect on Offline and Online Retail Outlets, Offline Outlets and Online Retail have a positive and significant effect on Electronic Product Purchase Decisions.
Wind field reconstruction based on dual-polarized synthetic aperture radar during a tropical cyclone

ABSTRACT A wind field reconstruction method for dual-polarized (vertical-vertical [VV] and vertical-horizontal [VH]) Sentinel-1 (S-1) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images collected during tropical cyclones (TCs) that does not require external information is proposed. Forty S-1 images acquired in interferometric-wide (IW) and extra-wide (EW) modes during the Satellite Hurricane Observation Campaign in 2015–2022 were collected. Stepped-frequency microwave radiometer (SFMR) observations made onboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s hurricane aircraft are available for 13 images. The geophysical model functions, namely VV-polarized C-SARMOD and cross-polarized S-1 IW/EW mode wind speed retrieval model after noise removal (S1IW.NR/S1EW.NR), were employed to invert the wind fields from the collected images. TC wind fields were reconstructed based on SAR-derived winds, enhancing TC intensity representation in the VV-polarized SAR retrievals and minimizing the error of the VH-polarized SAR retrievals at the sub-swath edge. The wind speeds retrieved from the SAR IW image were validated against the remote-sensing products from the soil moisture active passive (SMAP) radiometer, yielding a root mean squared error (RMSE) of approximately 4.3 m s−1, which is slightly smaller than the RMSE (4.4 m s−1) for the operational CyclObs wind product provided by the French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER). However, the CyclObs wind product has better performance than the approach proposed in this paper for the S-1 EW mode. Moreover, the RMSE of the wind speed between SAR-derived wind speed obtained using the proposed approach and the CyclObs wind product is within 3 m s−1 in all flow directions clockwise relative to north centered on the TC’s eye. This study provides an alternative method for TC wind retrieval from dual-polarized S-1 images without suffering saturation problem and external information; however, the pattern of the wind field around the TC’s eye needs to be further improved, especially at the head and back of the TC’s eye.
CSRA: Robust Incentive Mechanism Design for Differentially Private Federated Learning

The differentially private federated learning (DPFL) paradigm emerges to firmly preserve data privacy from two perspectives. First, decentralized clients merely exchange model updates rather than raw data with a parameter server (PS) over multiple communication rounds for model training. Secondly, model updates to be exposed to the PS will be distorted by clients with differentially private (DP) noises. To incentivize clients to participate in DPFL, various incentive mechanisms have been proposed by existing works which reward participating clients based on their data quality and DP noise scales assuming that all clients are honest and genuinely report their DP noise scales. However, the PS cannot directly measure or observe DP noise scales leaving the vulnerability that clients can boost their rewards and lower DPFL utility by dishonestly reporting their DP noise scales. Through a quantitative study, we validate the adverse influence of dishonest clients in DPFL. To overcome this deficiency, we propose a robust incentive mechanism called client selection with reverse auction (CSRA) for DPFL. We prove that CSRA satisfies the properties of truthfulness, individual rationality, budget feasibility and computational efficiency. Besides, CSRA can prevent dishonest clients with two steps in each communication round. First, CSRA compares the variance of exposed model updates and claimed DP noise scale for each individual to identify suspicious clients. Second, suspicious clients will be further clustered based on their model updates to finally identify dishonest clients. Once dishonest clients are identified, CSRA will not only remove them from the current round but also lower their probability of being selected in subsequent rounds. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that CSRA can provide robust incentive against dishonest clients in DPFL and significantly outperform other baselines on three real public datasets.
The enhanced relationship between Southern China winter rainfall and warm pool ocean heat content

A decadal change on relationship between winter rainfall over Southern China (SCWR) and Western Pacific warm pool heat content (WPHC) was detected by a sliding correlation analysis. The decadal turning point occurred around 1993. Before 1993, the relationship between SCWR and WPHC was quite weak with a correlation coefficient of −0.17. During this epoch, the WPHC‐related anomalous troposphere circulation, sea surface temperature (SSTA) and outgoing longwave radiation (OLRA) were mainly confined to the Pacific Ocean. Therefore, the corresponding climate system anomalies cannot influence SCWR. However, after 1993, the relationship between SCWR and WPHC became significant and reached a correlation coefficient of −0.81. The troposphere circulation anomalies along with the SSTA and OLRA pattern that were associated with WPHC during this epoch significantly shifted northwestward and intensified, resulting in a direct impact on SCWR. A possible mechanism was put forth to explain the decadal enhanced relation between SCWR and WPHC. In the context of the increased and northwestward‐shifted climatological maximum WPHC, the concurrent intensified and northwestward‐shifted SST and atmospheric circulation anomaly pattern contributes to the decadal enhanced relation between SCWR and WPHC. On one hand, because of the increased and northwestward‐shifted maximum sea surface temperature, the convection became more sensitive to the SSTA over Indian Ocean and Maritime Continent, thus dragged the Philippines anticyclonic/cyclonic anomaly northwestward via Kevin wave and Rossby wave response, which can directly affect SCWR. On the other hand, the increased and northwestward‐shifted SSTA anchored the convection anomalies in South China Sea (SCS) and Maritime Continent, impacting the SCWR via anomalous descending/ascending motion of the anomalous local meridional cell.
Positive Politeness Strategies Employed by Jordanian Facebook Users: A Case From Comments on the Roya News Facebook Page

The present study aims to investigate positive politeness strategies used by Jordanian males and females through their Facebook comments on the Roya news page. It further aims to explore the effects of gender and news topics on the use of these strategies. Analysis of 389 comments is drawn - in light of Brown and Levinson’s (1987) theory. The results reveal a better understanding of the use of positive politeness strategies by Jordanians in their Facebook comments on four news topics: education, crime, economy, and weather. Further, gender seems to affect the way Jordanians use politeness strategies in their online comments. For instance, a statistically significant correlation between gender and strategy type shows that the most frequently used strategy by Jordanian males is asserting common ground while their female counterparts tend to use joking as their predominant strategy. The news topic appears not to affect the use of politeness strategies by both genders.
Unlocking Financial Stability: Exploring Internal Factors in Malaysian Commercial Banks

In an era of global financial uncertainty, this study examines the internal determinants of financial stability within Malaysian commercial banks, leveraging a dataset comprising 160 bank-year observations sourced from Eikon Thompson Reuters. Employing rigorous multiple regression analysis, our investigation reveals the pivotal roles of capital adequacy, profitability, and bank size in shaping financial stability. Capital adequacy, measured through the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), emerges as a cornerstone driver, emphasizing the critical importance of well-capitalized banks in withstanding economic shocks. Profitability, reflected in the Return on Asset (ROA), plays a significant role, showcasing the link between profitability and stability within the banking sector. Larger banks also exhibit heightened stability, likely attributed to economies of scale and effective risk diversification. The findings provide valuable insights that can guide policymakers and banking institutions in strengthening Malaysia's banking sector's resilience. This, in turn, contributes to maintaining economic stability amidst the ongoing global financial uncertainties.
Hétérosis et effets maternels sur les caractéristiques de la semence de lapin

— The analysis concerned 546 ejaculates from 65 bucks from two strains (‘1601’, a duplicate of the ‘Verde’strain from INIA-Valencia, Spain-and ‘2066’from INRA, France) and their two reciprocal crosses, recorded during a 210 day period spanning from August 1996 to February 1997. Two ejaculates were collected from each buck every three weeks and semen traits were recorded every six weeks when the semen was used for insemination. All semen traits were recorded for both ejaculates except concentration, which was recorded only for the ejaculate selected for insemination (thebetterofthetwoejaculatesformassmotility). Onaverage,massmotility(scaleofPetitjean,1965[24])was6.75(standarddeviation1.01),pH7.28(0.33),volume0.62mL(0.19mL),percentof motilespermatozoa(PMS)70.1%(7.5%),concentration492 × 10 6 spz·mL –1 (142 × 10 6 ), the total number of spermatozoa per ejaculate (TSE) 321 × 10 6 (110 × 10 6 ) and the number of motile sperms per ejaculate (MSE) 231 × 10 6 (83 × 10 6 ). Both strains had similar performances except for the volume of the ejaculate (1601: 0.67 ± 0.04 mL; 2066: 0.52 ± 0.04 mL) and PMS (1601: 69.8 ± 1.4%; 2066: 66.4 ± 1.4%). There was a significant heterosis effect for concentration (37.5% of the parental average), mass motility (6.8%) and PMS (4.1
The Influence of Digital Payments, E-Commerce, and Financial Literacy on Revenue and the Quality of Accounting Information in SMEs

This research aims to test and analyze the influence of perceived use of digital payments, ease of use of e-commerce, and financial literacy on perceptions of income and the quality of accounting information. The object of this research is the Getuk Goreng UKM located on Jalan Jendral Sudirman Sokaraja. A total of 30 MSMEs were taken as samples using purposive sampling. SEM-PLS has been used to analyze the data in this research. The results of this research indicate that perceptions of the use of digital payments and ease of use of e-commerce have no effect on income in Getuk Goreng SMEs. Financial literacy has a positive influence on income in Getuk Goreng SMEs. Income has a positive effect on the quality of financial reports in Getuk Goreng UKM. In this research, there are recent findings that income mediates between financial literacy and the Quality of accounting information