Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LED Lighting Strategies Affect Physiology and Resilience to Pathogens and Pests in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

Over the last decade, LED lighting has gained considerable interest as an energy-efficient supplemental light source in greenhouse horticulture that can change rapidly in intensity and spectral composition. Spectral composition not only affects crop physiology but may also affect the biology of pathogens, pests, and their natural enemies, both directly and indirectly through an impact on induced plant resistance. In this study, we investigated the effects of light spectrum against a background of sunlight on growth and development of Solanum melongena. These effects were related to the spectral effects on the establishment of populations of the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii and plant resilience against the biotrophic fungus powdery mildew, the necrotrophic fungus botrytis, and the herbivorous arthropod Western flower thrips. The effects of a reduced red/far-red (R:FR) ratio were studied under two ratios of red to blue light. Far-red light either was supplied additionally to the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) or partially replaced PPFD, while maintaining total photon flux density (PFD). Effects of white light or additional UV-B light on plant resilience was tested, compared to the reference (5% blue, 5% green, and 90% red light). Plant biomass in the vegetative phase increased when additional far-red light was supplied. Stem length increased with far-red, irrespective of PPFD and the percentage of blue light. In the generative phase, total shoot biomass and fruit fresh weights were higher under additional far-red light, followed by the treatments where far-red partly replaced PPFD. Far-red light increased biomass partitioning into the fruits, at the expense of the leaves. There were no differences in population growth of A. swirskii mites between light treatments, nor did light treatment have an effect on the vertical distribution of these predatory mites in the plants. The treatments with additional far-red light reduced the infection rate of powdery mildew, but increased botrytis infection. These differences might be due to the plant defenses acting against these pathogens evolving from two different regulatory pathways. These results show that positive effects of altered spectral compositions on physiological responses were only moderately compensated by increased susceptibility to fungal pathogens, which offers perspective for a sustainable greenhouse horticulture.
Young Generation's Mobile Payment Adoption Behavior: Analysis Based on an Extended UTAUT Model

Younger generations comprise an essential segment for the mobile payment market to prosper. However, empirical evidence of the drivers/barriers of the young generation’s adoption of mobile payment has been inconclusive. This study intends to advance the body of knowledge on this subject based on the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), incorporating the young generation’s risk perception and bonus/rewards provided by the mobile-pay firms. To this end, 295 samples with the majority being more tech-savvy, namely generation Y and generation Z, were collected from an online survey in Taiwan. The empirical results in this study demonstrate the uniquely positive effect of social influence on the young generations’ behavioral intention to adopt mobile payment. While behavioral intention and promotional activities are the drivers of the young generation’s actual usage of mobile payment, perceived risks are found to exert a negative impact, reflecting the risk-averse preferences of the young generation in Taiwan. The ignorable moderation effect of gender, on the other hand, suggests the absence of a gender gap in the use of mobile payment among the young generations. The findings in this research have important implications for the development of promotion programs motivating the young generation’s adoption of mobile payment.
Evaluation of Hot-Brine Stimulation Technique for Gas Production From Natural Gas Hydrates

Thermally efficient production of natural gas can be accomplished by the use of hot brine to dissociate solid gas hydrate deposits in the earth. The advantages of brine stimulation over steam or hot-water injection are lower energy requirements for reservoir heating and hydrate dissociation, reduced heat losses, higher gas production, and improved thermal efficiency. In addition, the problems of blockage of rock pores and wellbore because of reformation of hydrates during gas production can be avoided. A mathematical model for a hot-brine stimulation technique was developed to compute gas recovery and the energy-efficiency ratio (i.e., the ratio of energy content of produced gas to heat injected) for a reservoir containing gas hydrates. The effects of variations in reservoir porosity, hydrate-zone thickness, depth, salinity of brine, brine temperature, and brine injection rate on the energy-efficiency ratio and gas production were determined. A comparison of brine and steam injection cases for the same heat injection rate shows higher gas production and energy-efficiency ratio for the brine case.
Effect of Time and Temperature on Moisture Content, Shrinkage, and Rehydration of Dried Onion

In this paper, the experimental data of the onion drying process by a batch cabinet dryer is investigated. Obtained experimental data including moisture content, shrinkage, and rehydration via random factorial scheme are analyzed. Comparison of data average is carried out with the help of the multi amplitude test of Duncan. Statistical analysis of experimental data shows that time, temperature, and their combined effect have a reasonable impact on the moisture content and rehydration value of dried samples. However, a combined effect of time and temperature on the shrinkage value is not meaningful (P>0.05). The results also show that increasing time and temperature leads to a decrease in the moisture content of the samples, but it increases the value of rehydration and the shrinkage of samples.
Determination of organic and elemental carbon in atmospheric aerosol samples by thermal evolution

A simple apparatus is described for determination of volatile organic and elemental carbon fractions in filter-collected atmospheric aerosol samples. The two-step technique involves rapid heating and thermoevolution of organic carbon at 400/sup 0/C in helium carrier gas, followed by removal of elemental carbon at 700/sup 0/C in 10% O/sub 2//He. Evolved carbon is converted to CO/sub 2/ on copper oxide catalyst, purified, and analyzed by nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectrometry. Flash heating of ambient aerosol samples minimizes organic-to-elemental carbon conversion, allowing determination of organic and elemental carbon fractions with relative standard deviations of +/-8% and +/-12%, respectively, for total carbon loadings of 6-50 . mu.g of C/cm/sup 2/ filter area. Blank filter variability, sample heating duration, and the effects of sample heating rates and pyrolysis temperature are evaluated. Ambient aerosol carbon data from both urban and remote sampling sites are presented and discussed.
Behavior of soap films stabilized by a cationic dimeric surfactant

We report a study on thin liquid films made of a cationic dimeric surfactant referred to as 12-2-12. This kind of surfactant enables one to form charged wormlike micelles whereas classical systems such as CTAB or CPClO3 require added salt to form only screened wormlike micelles. The disjoining pressure has been measured as a function of film thickness at various surfactant and salt concentrations. In a dilute surfactant regime, we observed a stable common black film which undergoes a transition to a Newton black film by addition of salt. This behavior, classical with anionic surfactant, is shown for the first time with a cationic surfactant. A comparison with the monomeric surfactant DTAB is presented showing the important role of the twin structure on film stability. In the concentrated regime or overlap regime, pressure oscillations have been measured. They correspond to a structuring effect in the film. The number of oscillations increases with c, the concentration, whereas the period decreases as c-1/.
The influence of hydrogen bonding on the planar arrangement of melamine in crystal structures of its solvates, cocrystals and salts

The hydrogen bonding patterns of melamine as well as mono- and diprotonated melamine have been analysed in five crystal structures of a solvate, a cocrystal and three organic and inorganic salts, namely, melamine DMSO solvate ([mel]·DMSO (1)), melamine theobromine cocrystal ([mel]·[TBR]3 (2)), dimelaminium ethylenediaminetetraacetate ([mel-H]2[EDTA-H2]·2H2O (3)), anhydrous dimelaminium sulfate ([mel-H]2[SO4] (4)), and anhydrous melaminium dinitrate ([mel-H2][NO3]2 (5)). Melamine is a versatile molecular building block (tecton) in cocrystals, solvates and salts. Depending on the degree of protonation and/or other molecules or ions present in the structure, parallels could be drawn to determine whether melamine is arranged in a cross-linked manner, in undulating sheets or in the form of perfectly planar sheets in the structure. Graph set analysis was used to compare the geometry of hydrogen bond interactions of the new structures with those of other structures published in the literature. Solvent drop-assisted solid state reactions (kneading) were performed for “green” synthesis of the compounds. The organic salt 3 has high thermal stability as shown by variable-temperature X-ray powder diffraction, which is presumably related to its extensive hydrogen bond network. Rietveld refinements were carried out on laboratory powder diffraction data to confirm the structures of the compounds obtained from single-crystal data.
Optimization of Process Parameters for Microwave Vacuum Drying of Apple Slices Using Response Surface Method

A combination of microwave and vacuum methods was applied for drying apple slices. Predictive regression models were developed by using an orthogonal rotatable central composite design. The influences of various variables and their interactions on response variables were analyzed using a response surface method, and tridimensional response surfaces were plotted. The optimal conditions were determined to be 12.0 W/g microwave power, 0.089 MPa vacuum level, and 0.692 kg/kg db initial moisture content. A separate validation experiment was conducted at the derived optimum conditions to verify the prediction and adequacy of the models. Close agreement between experimental and predicted values was obtained. Microwave vacuum–dried product exhibited a more prominent honeycomb network structure compared with that of the hot air–dried product.
Comparison of morphosyntax in monolingual and bilingual children

Introduction: A significant debate surrounding language acquisition in bilinguals concerns how the two languages develop and distinguish in young children. The current study aimed to compare the morphosyntactic development of English monolingual and Spanish-English bilingual children between the age group of 4–6 years. In addition, the present study examined the effect of age on morphosyntactic development as well as the correlation between the morphosyntactic development of bilingual children and their second language exposure. Methods: This cross-sectional study compared the performance of monolingual and bilingual participants on English morphosyntactic markers using the test of early grammatical impairment (TEGI) and a language background questionnaire. An independent sample t-test was used to compare the groups. Results: The results revealed that (1) the monolingual participants performed better than their bilingual peers in their use of English morphosyntactic markers, (2) 5-year-old participants performed better than 4-year-old participants suggesting an age effect, and (3) a positive correlation between second language exposure and scores on TEGI. Conclusion: The current study provides insight into the development of grammatical markers in the second language (L2) of bilingual children based on their exposure to L2.
Patient satisfaction with virtual clinic during Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in primary healthcare, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus, officially known as COVID-19, was first reported in Wuhan, China in December of 2019. Since that time, medical services in Saudi Arabia have adapted to the situation by delivering medical care via virtual clinics. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess patients' level of satisfaction with virtual clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among patients who had experienced virtual clinics in primary healthcare centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. An online validated questionnaire was sent to all participants who had at least one virtual visit between March 2020 to July 2020. The data sought included demographics, level of satisfaction and questions related to their experience with virtual clinics. Computed frequencies and percentages for categorical variables, and median, mean, and standard deviation for continuous variables. Satisfaction scores were compared between groups using Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test. RESULTS: A total of 439 patients completed the questionnaire (response rate 97.5%); 54% were male. The participants were divided into three age groups: 18–39, 40–59, and ≥60 years. Overall level of patients' satisfaction with virtual clinic was 68.1%. Factors statistically significantly associated with satisfaction included gender, age group and level of education (post-graduate and middle school) and being well-informed on the use of telemedicine. Specific age groups that were significant were 18–39 and 40–59 years; 50.2% of the males found telemedicine very convenient, compared to only 36.1% females. Family medicine clinics were the most commonly visited virtual clinics, whereas obstetrics and gynecology clinics were the least attended virtual clinics. The inability to meet the health-care professional face-to-face was reported by 53.8% as the most important disadvantage. CONCLUSION: This study shows a high level of satisfaction with virtual clinics in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic despite the service being relatively new in healthcare service in the country. Our study demonstrated that satisfaction was linked to age, gender, education and the type of clinic used.
Perioperative pain management in COVID-19 patients: Considerations and recommendations by the Saudi Anesthesia Society (SAS) and Saudi Society of Pain Medicine (SSPM)

The COVID-19 pandemic has swept across the world over the past few months. Many articles have been published on the safety of anesthetic medications and procedures used in COVID-19 positive patients presenting for surgery. Several other articles covered the chronic pain management aspect during the pandemic. Our review aimed to focus on perioperative pain management for COVID-19 patients. We conducted a literature search for pertinent recent articles that cover considerations and recommendations concerning perioperative pain management in COVID-19 patients. We also searched the literature for the relevant adverse effects of the commonly used medications in the treatment of COVID-19, and their potential drug–drug interactions with the common medications used in perioperative pain management. Professional societies recommend prioritizing regional anesthesia techniques, which have many benefits over other perioperative pain management options. When neuraxial and continuous peripheral nerve block catheters are not an option, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) should be considered if applicable. Many of the medications used for the treatment of COVID-19 and its symptoms can interfere with the metabolism of medications used in perioperative pain management. We formulated an up-to-date guide for anesthesia providers to help them manage perioperative pain in COVID-19 patients presenting for surgery.
Release of Inorganic Constituents from Leached Biomass during Thermal Conversion

Leaching of inorganic materials has recently been shown to substantially improve the combustion properties of biomass fuels, especially straw but including other herbaceous and woody fuels. Leaching with water removes large fractions of alkali metals (typically >80% of potassium and sodium) and chlorine (>90%). Smaller fractions of sulfur and phosphorus are also removed. Alkali metals are heavily involved in ash fouling and slagging in combustion and thermal gasification systems. Chlorine is a facilitator of alkali volatilization, and contributes to corrosion and air pollution. The presence of these elements has reduced or eliminated the use of certain biomass fuels in many combustion applications, even where such use might provide significant environmental benefits. Leaching could mitigate the undesirable effects of biomass ash in thermal systems. Reported here for the first time are comparative studies of volatile inorganic species evolving from leached and unleached biomass fuels during thermal convers.
Evaluation of antibiotic prescribing pattern in pediatrics in a tertiary care hospital

Abstract Background: The irrational use of antibiotics is a global issue and it can lead to morbidity, mortality, and increased health care costs. Hence, proper use of antibiotics is imperative and should be included in the pharmaceutical care plan. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prescribing pattern of antibiotics for children using WHO core prescribing indicators. Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational study was carried for 6 months in the pediatric department at a tertiary care hospital, Pune. The WHO prescribing indicators were used to evaluate the prescriptions, and the ideal WHO range was considered as a determining factor for rational prescription. Results: A total of 302 patients were included in the study, with a mean patient age of 4.92 ± 4 years. The average number of drugs per encounter was 6.12 (WHO standard is less than 2). The percentage of antibiotics prescribed was 26.3% with an average of 1.63 antibiotics per prescription. Of the 493 antibiotics, 85.59% were injectable which is higher than the WHO standard of 13.4–24.1%. A near-optimal value of 99.59% antibiotics was prescribed from the hospital formulary which is similar to WHO standards, and the antibiotics prescribed with generic names were 25.76%. The most common class of antibiotics prescribed were cephalosporins and penicillins. Conclusion: Polypharmacy, high injectable use, and non-adherence to generic prescription were common in our tertiary care center. Continuous audits, training, and new treatment protocols are recommended.
Comparing anaesthesia for MRI using inhalational anaesthesia and sedation using propofol - The answer is not in black and white

73 Saudi Journal of Anesthesia / Volume 15 / Issue 1 / January‐March 2021 Eldawlatly A. Airway management and COVID‐19 patient‐Saudi Anesthesia Society guidelines. Saudi J Anaesth 2020;14:387. 4. Metheny NA, Krieger MM, Healey F, Meert KL. A review of guidelines to distinguish between gastric and pulmonary placement of nasogastric tubes. Heart Lung 2019;48:226‐35. 5. Begley JL, Lavery KE, Nickson CP, Brewster DJ. The aerosol box for intubation in COVID‐19 patients: An in‐situ simulation crossover study. Anaesthesia 2020;75:1014‐21.
Spectral and cepstral measures of vocal fatigue in Indian heavy metal vocalists

Introduction: Heavy metal vocalists tend to overuse or differently use their vocal systems for singing, and this could have a negative impact on their voice quality. However, there is limited research concerning the objective measures of vocal changes caused due to vocal fatigue in Indian heavy metal vocalists. Thus, the objectives of the study were to document the differences in the cepstral and spectral parameters of voice before and after vocal fatigue in Indian heavy metal vocalists and to investigate the correlation between the phonatory habits and the cepstral and spectral parameters in postfatigue voice of Indian heavy metal vocalists. Methods: Phonation samples were collected before the vocal performance (pretest) and after the vocal performance (posttest) from 16 vocalists belonging to Indian heavy metal genre. The phonation samples were analyzed, and the spectral and cepstral parameters were extracted in both the conditions. Results: Out of spectral parameters, only H1-H2 was significantly different between the pre- and postfatigue voices. Both the cepstral parameters were noted to be significantly lower after vocal fatigue. Moderate and strong correlations were observed between the phonatory habits and the objective parameters of postfatigue voice in heavy metal vocalists. Conclusion: The cepstral measures of voice were more effective in identifying the vocal fatigue-related voice changes in heavy metal vocalists.
Tubeless mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal stones larger than 20 mm

Introduction: The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of tubeless mini- percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for the treatment of large (>20 mm) renal stones. Patients and Methods: This study included consecutive patients who underwent single-session tubeless mini-PCNL (tract size 16–20 F) for large (>20 mm) renal stones. Stone-free status meant complete clearance or residual fragments <4 mm. Complications were recorded and classified according to modified Clavien-Dindo classifications. Risk variables for significant residuals were determined with univariate (Chi-square and t-test) and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: Between July 2015 and November 2018, 225 patients were included. The mean age was 42.9 years; the mean stone size was 30.2 ± 9.6 mm and 75% of patients were males. A single renal stone was present in 54 patients (24%), multiple stones in 108 (48%), and staghorn stones in 63 (28%). The stone-free rate was 87.6%. The complication rate was 8.4% (Grade I–II in 7.5%, III in 0.9%). Three patients (1.3%) required blood transfusion. Independent risk factor for significant residual fragments was the presence of stones in multiple sites inside the pelvicalyceal system (relative risk: 13.44, 95% confidence interval: 1.78–101.43, P = 0.012). Conclusions: Mini-PCNL is an effective and safe treatment option for patients with large renal stones (>20 mm). Stones located in multiple sites is the only predictor of significant residual stones.
Efficiency of stabilization pond systems in Northern Greece on phosphorus removal

The paper investigates the performance of three stabilization pond systems in Northern Greece, treating raw domestic sewage, on phosphorus removal. Systems performance, in terms of concentration and mass of total phosphorus, is examined. The systems consist of a facultative pond and one or two maturation ponds in series with a limestone rock filter before the final discharge of wastewater. The average efficiency of the three systems in total phosphorus concentration removal ranged from 22% to 45%. The higher efficiency occurred in summer in the system with the larger facultative pond surface area per equivalent population. The average efficiencies of total phosphorus mass removal ranged from 16% to 43%. In summer, a significant reduction of the mass removal rate was recorded, which was relative to the concentration efficiency, especially in the system with the largest surface area. In each system, the total phosphorus removal efficiency was proportional to the BOD5 removal one.