Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Foodborne botulism Occurrence in Mashhad: Clostridium botulinum in local cheese

Objective: Clostridium botulinum is one of the most common life-threatening agents all around the world which produces botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT). It may lead to morbidities such as paralysis and mortality after consuming canned tuna fish, local dairy products and home-preserved or commercial food. People use a good deal of local dairy products such as cheese and it exposes a variety of population to botulinum intoxication.Case Presentation: A 48-year-old woman referred to the ED complaining about acute dysphonia accompanied with symmetric hypotonia and bilateral ptosis. She had a history of consuming local dairy cheese.Conclusion: It is indispensable for the physician to identify major features of foodborne botulism in order to differentiate it from other illnesses and early initiation of intensive care for intoxicated patients. To prevent the incidence of dairy product derived botulinum, it is firmly suggested to have quality control on local dairy products
Respiratory Acid-Base Disorders and Related Risk Factors in Critically Ill Patients

AbstractBackground: Respiratory acid-base disorders are commonly seen in the critical care setting and can occur independently or coexist with metabolic acid-base disorders. Aim of the study: To explore the pattern of respiratory acid-base disorders and related risk factors in critically ill patients. Design: the descriptive design was utilized in this study. Setting: This study was carried out in the Trauma and general Intensive Care Unit at Assiut university hospital. Sample: fifty patients admitted to trauma and general Intensive Care Unit. Tools: Four tools were used in this study, patient assessment tool, APACHE II tool, Acid-base parameters assessment tool, and Risk factors assessment tool. Result: A total of 50 patients most of them were male with a mean age of 40.37 ± 13.86 in the survivors versus 47.75 ± 11.86 in non-survivor. APACHE II score was significant in non-survivor group confirmed by (P = 0.000), (P = 0.003) respectively.The incidences of respiratory alkalosis (52%), respiratory acidosis (24%) were higher in the survivor group. The significant risk factor was iatrogenic(drugs, mechanical ventillation). Conclusion: Respiratory acid-base disorders are common in critically ill patients mainly respiratory alkalosis and the major related risk factor was an iatrogenic.
Nutrient-Gene Expression A Cortisol Surge Mediates the Enhanced Expression of Pig Intestinal Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Synthase during Weaning 1

Citrulline synthesis from glutamine is enhanced remarkably in enterocytes of weanling pigs, but the molecular mechanism(s) involved are not known. The objective of this study was to determine whether a cortisol surge mediates the enhanced expression of intestinal citrulline-synthetic enzymes during weaning. Jejunal enterocytes were prepared from 29-d-old weanling pigs treated with or without metyrapone (an inhibitor of cortisol synthesis), or from age-matched unweaned pigs. The mRNA levels and activities of phosphate-dependent glutaminase (PDG), pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), carbamoyl-phosphate synthase I (CPS-I) and ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) were determined. The mRNA levels for PDG, P5CS, OAT and OCT were 139, 157, 102 and 55% higher, respectively, in weanling pigs compared with suckling pigs. The activities of PDG and P5CS were 38 and 692% higher, respectively, in weanling pigs compared with unweaned pigs, but the activities of OAT, CPS-I and OCT did not differ between these two groups of pigs. The effects of metyrapone administration to weanling pigs were as follows: 1) prevention of a cortisol surge, 2) abolition of the increases in both mRNA levels and activity of P5CS, 3) no alteration in the mRNA levels and activities of PDG and CPS-I, 4) increases in the mRNA levels for OAT (216%) and OCT (39%) and in OAT activity (30%), and 5) prevention of the increase in intestinal synthesis of citrulline from glutamine. These results suggest that increased P5CS activity reflects in large part the increased levels of P5CS mRNA and is responsible for the increased synthesis of citrulline from glutamine in enterocytes of weanling pigs; these increases may be mediated by a cortisol surge during weaning that can be blocked by metyrapone administration. J. Nutr. 130: 1914–1919, 2000.
Transient growth in an airfoil separation bubble

In this work, transient growth in a laminar separation bubble in a low–to–moderate Reynolds number airfoil flow is investigated. Optimal two and three–dimensional initial perturbations are computed for the flow over a NACA 0012 airfoil at angle–of–attack α = 5◦ with chord based Re = 5 × 104. At this Reynolds number, the pressure surface boundary layer remains attached over the length of the airfoil while the suction surface boundary layer undergoes separation before becoming two–dimensionally unstable leading to periodic vortex shedding and reattachment. Transient growth analysis shows that this flow supports large energy growth for both two and three– dimensional perturbations. Optimal growth values and flow topologies show that two–dimensional mechanisms are the primary energy growth mechanisms. Upstream of vortex shedding, the primary growth mechanism appears to be the Orr mechanism while a separate mechanism appears to drive further energy growth downstream in the base flow shed vorticity.
The Economics of Fertilizer Subsidies

Fertilizer and other input subsidies have been a prominent component of agricultural policies in many Asian and African countries since the 1960s. Their economic and political rationale is scrutinized with emphasis on the second generation of targeted input subsidy programs that were scaled up in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) after 2005. The extent to which they full-fill the goal of being ‘market smart’ is assessed after inspecting the potential for such subsidies in SSA. The new fertilizer subsidy programs do not live up the market smart principles and suffer from severe design and implementation failures. While a clear exit strategy was one of the key principles, this principle has been neglected with the result that most current programs are more ‘sticky’ than ‘smart’. They have only partially achieved the intended impacts and have resulted in a number of unintended negative impacts. Redesign should start from a pilot stage testing basic mechanisms.
Risk Factors for Early-Onset Ischemic Stroke Kivioja , Reetta 2018-1106

Kivioja , R , Pietilä , A , Martinez-Majander , N , Gordin , D , Havulinna , A S , Salomaa , V , Aarnio , K , Curtze , S , Leiviskä , J , Rodriguez-Pardo , J , Surakka , I , Kaste , M , Tatlisumak , T & Putaala , J 2018 , ' Risk Factors for Early-Onset Ischemic Stroke : A Case-Control Study ' Journal of the American Heart Association , vol. 7 , no. 21 , 009774 . https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.118. 009774
Teaching Creative Content Online: Comparing and Contrasting Online Techniques with Face-to-Face Approaches

This research looks at the application of online teaching techniques and resources in the field of creative design education. Teaching creative design principles and delivering content around this topic is often viewed as being more suited to a hands-on, face-to-face style of delivery. Yet online techniques can be extremely effective in these creative fields. This paper describes the findings of a five year study, involving more than five hundred participants from various age groups, cultures and locations, and compares face-to-face teaching methods with online delivery of creative course materials. The study highlights the strengths and weaknesses of each technique. Results from each method, including learning outcomes, student satisfaction and engagement clearly demonstrate that online techniques are highly effective in transferring knowledge and providing students with the skills needed for developing effective creative outcomes. Yet there are other more subtle advantages that are often overlooked, including the fact that participants in online groups had a tendency to be more daring in their work. The relative anonymity provided by online methods led to students taking greater risks with their creative works and overall achieving better creative outcomes. Risk taking and experimentation is an important element of creative learning and online methods show potential to improve this area. Although knowledge transfer and outcomes were more effective with online approaches, the level of student engagement and satisfaction was lower. Clearly the nature of face-to-face personal interaction was a preferable form of engagement for student participants. An interesting exception to this was for students who are normally more excluded in face-to-face interaction scenarios. These participants, often distanced due to language, culture or physical issues such as disabilities, performed significantly better in online groups and also reported higher levels of engagement and satisfaction. This project also developed and compared several different types of online resources and delivery. The use of more personalized online resources proved to be much more effective in terms of student engagement. With large group recorded lectures showing much lower engagement than the same information being presented in a personal discussion form. With online delivery of teaching materials becoming more widespread, the application of online teaching in creative fields is an important area for future development, this research has demonstrated the potential for online delivery in creative courses as well as defining some key principles in targeting these resources and developing effective content and delivery.
Polynomial partitioning for a set of varieties

Abstract Given a set Γ of low-degree k-dimensional varieties in $\mathbb{R}$ n , we prove that for any D ⩾ 1, there is a non-zero polynomial P of degree at most D so that each component of $\mathbb{R}$ n \Z(P) intersects O(Dk−n |Γ|) varieties of Γ.
Investigation of Leisure Time, Life and Sleep Quality in University Students

Objective: This study aimed to determine the physical activity level of university students, to compare them according to gender and to investigate the effect of physical activity level on sleep and quality of life. Materials and Methods: The research is of an analytical-cross-sectional type. In total, 288 (181 F, 107 M) university students with a mean age of 19.59 ± 2.00 years participated in the study. Height, weight and waist circumference measurements were taken. Participants were asked a questionnaire to determine their socio-demographic characteristics and exercise, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for assessing sleep quality, Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire to measure 1-week total physical activity level and SF-36 (Brief) to assess the quality of life. Quality of Life Questionnaires were applied by face-to-face questionnaire method. Results: 39% of the students were active, 18% were moderately active, and 43% were not active enough. When the data of girls and boys were compared, only the height, body weight, waist circumference, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire, SF 36 had a significant difference in emotional role difficulty results in favor of men (p < 0.00). Social functioning and general health perception (r = 0.116; r = 0.119) of the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire were found to be positively correlated with the energy/vitality component of Godin leisure time questionnaire and SF-36 quality of life questionnaire (r = 0.121). There was a low positive correlation between sleep quality and all components of the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire (0.168 < r < 0.333). Conclusion: As a result, only 39% of university students are active and spend more time on computers and phones. Boys had a physically more active lifestyle than girls. In the young population, physical activity did not affect sleep quality, but sleep quality affected quality of life. For health and quality life, the participation of individuals in regular exercise should be encouraged, physical activity programs should be organized and motivated in universities.
Determination of Bio-energy Potential of Palm Kernel Shell by Physicochemical Characterization

Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) is an economically and environmentally sustainable raw material for renewable energy industry. To this vane its physicochemical properties were determined for its most viable application in Renewable Energy options such as bioenergy and biomass utilization. Its higher heating values determined by bomb calorimetric method are 22.94 and 25.27MJ/kg on dry and dry ash free bases respectively while its thermo-gravimetric behavior shows that it can completely decompose between 400°C and 500°C. Its compositional analysis by 72% sulphuric acid hydrolysis and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis of structural carbohydrates show that its lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose compositions are respectively 50%, 7% and 26%. Under high resolution scan electron microscope, (SEM), PKS contains natural micro pores that enable it release volatile matter necessary for bio-energy production. The results of the ultimate analysis show that the raw material contains high carbon and moderate h ydrogen content. These are responsible for the large value of its higher heating value. These results show that PKS possess valuable potential to supplement the energy supply of developing countries through sustainable renewable energy technologies. Keywords: palm kernel shell, bioenergy, thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis, gasification
Motivational Factors Affecting Athletes in Selecting the Sport Branches of Athletics, Ski and Tennis

The aim of this study is to research the motivational factors affecting athletes to select the branches of athletics, ski and tennis. Within the scope of the research, the survey developed by H. Sunay in 1996 was implemented and solution for the problem of the research was searched through the findings that were obtained from the survey. SPSS survey program was used for the data obtained and by calculating Chi-square (X2) values, it was statistically tested whether the relation is significant. Alpha significance level was taken as (α = 0.05) in the tests conducted. At the end of the research, differences were detected between the opinions of female and male athletes in Agri regarding their expectations on the sport branch they deal with. Accordingly, environmental conditions, school sports halls and facilities, television broadcast and newspapers-journals of external motivational factors are seen to have low influences. It was detected that coaches, friend environment and physical education teachers have the first three ranks in reasons for athletes to choose their sport branches.
Resolving Variables Influencing the Residence Time of Biomass in the Old-Age Forest across Climate Gradients

Standing biomass stocks represent a balance between a number of processes that lead to biomass accumulation or to biomass loss. The average time of biomass residence (ATr) of an ecosystem is the average period of time that carbon is locked up in the living biomass before it is transferred to the litter pool and is an important variable influencing the process leading to biomass loss. Variation in terrestrial ATr with climate is thought to originate from a direct influence of temperature and precipitation on plant mortality. However, variation in ATr may also result from an indirect influence of climate by means of plant age and growing season length. To identify the relative importance of direct and indirect climate effects, we analyzed published data of ecosystem woody biomass and productivity from forest plots across climate gradients, using three approaches: bayesian linear regression, multiple regression, and structural equation modeling. The three approaches provided special insights and they converged in supporting climate as an indirect driver of ATr across climate gradients. Notably, age and growing season length explained most of the variation in ATr, whereas mean annual temperature and precipitation explained almost none, suggesting that climate indirectly influenced ATr. Our analyses provide novel evidence not only supporting that the old-age forests could be a carbon sink with a longer time of biomass residence at a large scale, but also modifying the key drivers of ecosystem processes for vegetation dynamic models.
Isotopic Compositions of Intrusive Rocks from the Wallowa and Olds Ferry Arc Terranes of Northeastern Oregon and Western Idaho: Implications for Cordilleran Evolution, Lithospheric Structure, and Miocene Magmatism

Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic intrusive rocks from the Wallowa and Olds Ferry arc terranes of the Blue Mountains Province, Oregon-Idaho, provide constraints on the paleogeographic and tectonic setting of magmatism preserved in both arcs. Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic data show that the Wallowa terrane represents an isotopically depleted, juvenile intra-oceanic island arc. By contrast, isotopic data for intrusive rocks of the Olds Ferry arc are more isotopically enriched, and thereby establish a clear distinction between the two arcs. This distinction strengthens paleogeographic interpretation of the Olds Ferry terrane as a fringing continental arc, and it provides a basis for correlation to other inboard Cordilleran arc terranes including Quesnellia and Stikinia. The Wallowa terrane is by contrast more similar geologically and isotopically to the outboard Insular terranes. These isotopic data also constrain interpretations of regional lithospheric architecture. Isotopic profiles generated orthogonal to the inferred Wallowa–Olds Ferry terrane boundary and the western Idaho shear zone show abrupt increases in initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr that mark the transitions between three geochemically distinct lithospheric columns. West-to-east spatial variability in the isotopic compositions of Neogene volcanic rocks is explained by the partial melting of these three geochemically distinct mantle reservoirs coupled to their respective crustal columns since the early Mesozoic, rather than alternative models of lithosphere-scale decollement offset during Sevier shortening. The inherited arc-related mantle of the Olds Ferry arc may also have played a primary role in the petrogenesis of distinctive Neogene low-K, high-alumina olivine tholeiites of the High Lava Plains.
Time evolution of decay for purely absorptive potentials: The effect of spectral singularities

We consider an analytical approach that involves the complex poles of the propagator to investigate the effect due to the lack of time reversal invariance on the time evolution of decay for purely absorptive potentials. We find that the choice of the initial state may change the exponential decaying regime into a nonexponential oscillatory behavior at time scales of the order of a lifetime of the system. We illustrate this effect for a spectral singularity corresponding to a purely imaginary delta-shell potential.
The first supermassive black holes: indications from models for future observations

We present an exploration of the expected detection of the earliest Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) in the Universe from state-of-art galaxy formation and evolution semi-analytic models and hydro-dynamical simulations. We estimate the number and radiative characteristics of Super Massive Black Holes (SMBHs) at $z\geq 6$, a redshift range that will be intensively explored by the next generation of telescopes, in particular in the radio through the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) and at high energies with ESA's Athena X-ray Observatory. We find that Athena will be able to observe over 5000 AGN/$\rm deg^2$ at the Epoch of Re-ionization (EoR), $6\leq z \leq 10$. Similarly, for the same redshift range the models/simulations suggest that SKA will detect at least 400 AGN/$\rm deg^2$. Additionally, we stress the importance of the volume of the simulation box as well as the initial physical conditions of the models/simulations on their effect on the luminosity functions (LFs) and the creation of the most massive SMBHs that we currently observe at the EoR. Furthermore, following the evolution of the accretion mode of the SMBHs in each model/simulation, we show that, while the quasar dominates over the radio mode at the EoR, detection at radio wavelengths still reaches significant numbers even at the highest redshifts. Finally, we present the effect that the radiative efficiency has on the LFs by comparing results produced with a constant value for the radiative efficiency and more complex calculations based on the spin of each SMBH.
Cross-validating precipitation datasets in the Indus River basin

Abstract. Large uncertainty remains about the amount of precipitation falling in the Indus River basin, particularly in the more mountainous northern part. While rain gauge measurements are often considered as a reference, they provide information for specific, often sparse, locations (point observations) and are subject to underestimation, particularly in mountain areas. Satellite observations and reanalysis data can improve our knowledge but validating their results is often difficult. In this study, we offer a cross-validation of 20 gridded datasets based on rain gauge, satellite, and reanalysis data, including the most recent and less studied APHRODITE-2, MERRA2, and ERA5. This original approach to cross-validation alternatively uses each dataset as a reference and interprets the result according to their dependency on the reference. Most interestingly, we found that reanalyses represent the daily variability of precipitation as well as any observational datasets, particularly in winter. Therefore, we suggest that reanalyses offer better estimates than non-corrected rain-gauge-based datasets where underestimation is problematic. Specifically, ERA5 is the reanalysis that offers estimates of precipitation closest to observations, in terms of amounts, seasonality, and variability, from daily to multi-annual scale. By contrast, satellite observations bring limited improvement at the basin scale. For the rain-gauge-based datasets, APHRODITE has the finest temporal representation of the precipitation variability, yet it importantly underestimates the actual amount. GPCC products are the only datasets that include a correction factor of the rain gauge measurements, but this factor likely remains too small. These findings highlight the need for a systematic characterisation of the underestimation of rain gauge measurements.
Predictability and Underreaction in Industry-Level Returns: Evidence from Commodity Markets

This paper finds significant evidence that commodity log price changes can predict industry-level returns for horizons of up to six trading weeks (30 days). We find that for the 1985–2010 period, 40 out of 49 U.S. industries can be predicted by at least one commodity. Our findings are consistent with Hong and Stein’s (1999) “underreaction hypothesis. ” Unlike prior literature, we pinpoint the length of underreaction by employing daily data. We provide a comprehensive examination of the return linkages among 25 commodities and 49 industries. This provides a more detailed investigation of underreaction and investor inattention hypotheses than most related literature. Finally, we implement data-mining robust methods to assess the statistical significance of industry returns reactions to commodity log price changes, with precious metals (such as gold) featuring most prominently. While our results indicate modest out-of-sample forecast ability, they confirm evidence that commodity data can predict equity returns more than four trading weeks ahead.