Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical and radiographic evaluation of the effect of implant thread design on dental implant efficacy

Background : The main objective of the present study was to evaluate clinically and radiographically the effect of two dental implant thread designs on implant primary stability and efficacy. Methods : Twenty dental implant units (20 non-submerged tissue levels, simple line implants with two different thread designs) were inserted in 8 patients (4 males and 4 females) with an average age of years (ranged from 22 to 43 years) were included in this study. Patients were randomly divided in two equal groups: Group 1: Patients received implants with buttress shaped thread design. Group 2: Patients received implants with combination threaded square and v-shaped Results : After 6 months; Combination Square and V- shaped thread design group showed a statistically significant increase in Osstell measurements. After 6 months; there was a statistically significant difference between Modified plaque index measurements in the two groups. There was no statistically significant difference between Crestal bone losses in the two groups. Conclusion : The use of Combination Square and V- shaped thread designed implants did not differ significantly than the use of buttress shaped threaded implants, in terms of implant stability values as well as limitation of crestal resorption, usually seen after implant loading.
PERILAKU REDUKSI KUALITAS AUDIT : LITERATUR REVIEW

Banyaknya skandal akuntansi yang terjadi di seluruh dunia dan di Indonesia pada khususnya, menunjukkan adanya individu auditor yang melakukan tindakan-tindakan yang dapat mereduksi kualitas audit. Literatur Review ini merupakan studi mengenai perilaku reduksi kualitas audit. Literature Review ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhi perilaku reduksi kualitas audit pada auditor yang bekerja di KAP di seluruh Indonesia seperti Tekanan Anggaran waktu dan kontrol individu seperti kendali Agama dan Lokus kendali serta model yang dibangun berdasarkan penelitian-penelitian terdahulu yang disampaikan untuk selanjutnya masih sangat berpotensi untuk dimodifikasi atau dikembangkan lebih baik lagi. Keywords : Literatur Review, Perilaku Reduksi Kualitas Audit, Kendali Agama, Locus Kendali, Tekanan Anggaran Waktu.
Lung-Specific Overexpression of CC Chemokine Ligand (CCL) 2 Enhances the Host Defense to Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection in Mice: Role of the CCL2-CCR2 Axis1

Mononuclear phagocytes are critical components of the innate host defense of the lung to inhaled bacterial pathogens. The monocyte chemotactic protein CCL2 plays a pivotal role in inflammatory mononuclear phagocyte recruitment. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that increased CCL2-dependent mononuclear phagocyte recruitment would improve lung innate host defense to infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. CCL2 transgenic mice that overexpress human CCL2 protein in type II alveolar epithelial cells and secrete it into the alveolar air space showed a similar proinflammatory mediator response and neutrophilic alveolitis to challenge with S. pneumoniae as wild-type mice. However, CCL2 overexpressing mice showed an improved pneumococcal clearance and survival compared with wild-type mice that was associated with substantially increased lung mononuclear phagocyte subset accumulations upon pneumococcal challenge. Surprisingly, CCL2 overexpressing mice developed bronchiolitis obliterans upon pneumococcal challenge. Application of anti-CCR2 Ab MC21 to block the CCL2-CCR2 axis in CCL2 overexpressing mice, though completely abrogating bronchiolitis obliterans, led to progressive pneumococcal pneumonia. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the importance of the CCL2-CCR2 axis in the regulation of both the resolution/repair and remodelling processes after bacterial challenge and suggest that overwhelming innate immune responses may trigger bronchiolitis obliterans formation in bacterial lung infections.
Mortality and stock assessment of two marineportunid crabs, Portunus (Portunus) sanguinolentus(Herbst) and Portunus (Portunus) pelagicus(Linnaeus) along the southwest coast of India

The stock assessment of the marine crabs, Portunus (Portunus) sanguinolentus and Portunus (Portunus) pelagicus exploited by the mechanised trawl fishery was made based on the data collected from the commercial catches landed at Mangalore, Malpe and Kanvar; three important fish landing centres in the Karnataka state along the southwest coast of India during 1992-'94 and the results presented. In P. (P.) sanguinolentus, the mean values of total mortality coefficient (Z), natural mortality coefficient (M) and fishing mortality coefficient (F) were 4.2 + 0.51, 1.6 and 2.6 for males and 3.9 + 0.42, 1.5 and 2.4 for females respectively. In P. (P.) pelagicus, the average values of Z, M and F were 5.6 + 0.71, 1.7 and 3.9 for males and 4.9 + 0.69, 1.6 and 3.2 respectively for females. The standing stocks were 308 tonnes for P (P.) sanguinolentus and 161 tonnes for P. (P.) pelagicus. The annual average stocks were 1,272 tonnes for the former species and 834 tonnes for the latter. The maximum sustainable yield (MSY) was 776 tonnes for P. (P.) sanguinolentus and 567 tonnes for P.(P.) pelagicus. Based on the results obtained, it is felt imperative to increase the cod end mesh size of trawl to 40 mm and also to restrict the level of effort at the present level (1,130 trawlers per day or 234 x lo3 boat days) which would prevent overexploitation of the stocks of crabs in the coastal fishery sector of Karnataka.
The Evolution of Large Testes: Sperm Competition or Male Mating Rate?

A positive relationship across species between the extent to which females mate with more than one male and relative testes mass has been demonstrated in a wide range of vertebrate taxa and certain insects. At least two hypotheses, which are not necessarily mutually exclusive, could account for this pattern: (1) the numerical sperm competition hypothesis, which assumes that larger testes enable the male to transfer more sperm to each female, giving the male an advantage in sperm competition and (2) the male mating rate hypothesis, which proposes that larger testes allow the male to produce a greater number of (potentially smaller) ejaculates to engage in frequent copulations with different females. Of these hypotheses, the former has won broad acceptance, while the latter has tended to be dismissed. Here, we argue that the lines of evidence commonly used to support the numerical sperm competition hypothesis in favour of the male mating rate hypothesis are not as clear cut or generally applicable as they are purported to be and that, consequently, the male mating rate hypothesis cannot be excluded with confidence on the basis of the current evidence. Furthermore, some evidence, such as the finding that ejaculate mass and/or sperm number is negatively correlated with testes mass across species in some insects and that larger testes in Drosophila can evolve in response to an increase in the number of females available for mating in the laboratory, provides support for the male mating rate hypothesis. Further work is needed to disentangle the relative effects of these selective pressures on the evolution of testes size.
Epigenetic regulation of germline- specific genes

In mammals, epigenetic modifications and trans-acting effectors coordinate gene expression during development and impose transcriptional memories that define specific cell lineages and cell-types. Methylation at CpG dinucleotides is an epigenetic mechanism through which transcriptional silencing is established and heritably maintained through development. Functionally, DNA methylation regulates key biological processes such as X-chromosome inactivation, transposon repression and genomic imprinting. However, the extent to which DNA methylation is the primary regulator of single-copy gene expression and the precise mechanism of methylation-dependent silencing remain undetermined. Here, I identify a novel set of germline-specific candidate genes putatively regulated by DNA methylation. Analysis of one candidate gene, Tex19, demonstrates that promoter CpG methylation is the primary and exclusive mechanism for regulating developmental silencing in somatic lineages. Genetic or pharmacological removal of CpG methylation triggers robust de-repression of Tex19 and loss of transcriptional memory. Moreover, Tex19 critically relies on de novo methylation, mediated by Dnmt3b, to impose silencing in differentiating ES cells and somatic cells in vivo from embryonic day (E)7.5. Reporter gene and ChIP analysis demonstrate that Tex19 is strongly activated by general transcription factors and is not marked by repressive histone modifications in somatic lineages, consistent with differential DNA methylation per se being the primary mechanism of regulating expression. Full transcriptional silencing of Tex19 is critically dependent on the methyl-binding protein (MBP) Kaiso, which is only recruited to methylated Tex19 promoter. The reliance on DNA methylation and Kaiso for silencing in somatic cells establishes an epigenetic memory responsible for maintaining expression in germline and pluripotent cell types through successive developmental cycles. This thesis represents the first causal report of lineagespecific promoter DNA methylation directing silencing of an in vivo gene through recruitment of an MBP.
Personality, Attitude and Behavioural Components of Financial Literacy: A Comparative Analysis

Since the financial crisis in 2008 the investigation of financial literacy–especially its components (personality, attitudes, behaviour etc.) - is in the limelight. Modern economics have recognized that in order to effectively forecast financial and economic processes it is primordial to understand the attitudes of the members of society toward finances, as well as the characteristics of various social group sharing the same views and behaviours. In 2015 two relevant pieces of research were conducted in this topic in Hungary. One focuses on the financial personality types, while the other investigates Hungarians’ financial culture in general based on the research methodology of the OECD. Based on these two databases our comparative study highlights the main characteristics of financial personality types. The three clusters based on the OECD research cover the nine personality types from the results of the other Hungarian research. Our findings show that the cluster of “anxious unsatisfied” encapsulates the “economizers with little money”, the “price sensitive” and the “collector” personality types. Furthermore, the “satisfied conscious” covers the “order creates value”, the “diligent” and the “planner” personality types. Finally, the “moderately anxious unconsidered” involves the “ups and downs”, the “money-devouring” and the “cannot control finances” personality types. The clusters identified during the research show idiosyncratic financial and psychological vulnerability and/or protection.
Genomic variation in dairy cattle - Identification and use

The development of molecular techniques has offered possibilities to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL). Studies in dairy cattle have mainly focused on milk production traits. This thesis first gives an overview of the main identified QTL for milk production traits. Subsequently, a study to detect QTL affecting 27 conformation traits and functional traits was performed. A granddaughter design consisting of 20 Holstein-Friesian grandsires and 833 sons was analyzed by multi-marker regression. This across-family analysis suggested the presence of 61 QTL. Ten of these QTL exceeded the genomewise significance threshold. These were mainly QTL affecting body size traits and udder conformation traits. When QTL-information is used to select for a certain trait, genetic progress in other traits may be influenced as well, due to pleiotropic effects of QTL, or due to closely linked QTL. A method was developed to identify regions affecting multiple traits. The method is based on the covariance between marker contrasts from single-trait regression analysis for different traits. Application of this method to data on fifteen traits (milk production, udder conformation, udder health and fertility traits) in our granddaughter design resulted in 59 multiple trait quantitative trait regions (MQR). Most MQR were found on BTA 6, 13, 14, 19, 22, 23 and 25. QTL-information can be used in breeding schemes (marker-assisted selection, MAS) to increase the rate of genetic improvement. A number of multi-stage dairy cattle breeding schemes was evaluated, studying the impact of increased preselection using QTL-information. Response in multi-stage MAS-schemes was 4.5% to 31.3% higher than response in corresponding schemes without QTL-information. In some of the MAS-schemes with a reduced number of progeny tested bulls, genetic progress was identical to or higher than genetic progress in the original schemes. The results indicate opportunities to improve current breeding schemes. The gains depend on the amount of genomic variation explained by QTL. Currently available pedigrees and methods offer excellent opportunities to identify more QTL, thus increasing the fraction of the genomic variation explained by QTL. New initiatives, like sequencing the bovine genome, will further facilitate the identification of genomic variation, and its use.
Effects of duration and temperature of heating of sunflower oil on ruminal linoleic acid biohydrogenation in vitro

Feeding cows with heat treated oilseeds results in an increase of milk conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) content compared to feeding raw seeds. Heating leads to a lipid peroxidation, which could reduce the amount of fatty acids (FA) subjected to biohydrogenation and produce peroxides which could act directly on this reaction. The effects of heating duration and temperature, on the biohydrogenation were examined. Sunflower oil was heated at 150°C during 0, 3, 14, or 22 h, or during 3 h at 70, 100, 130, or 160°C. Peroxides in oils were determined by the peroxide index (PI), and fatty acids in samples incubated during 6 h were analysed by gas chromatography. Increasing heating duration was more efficient than increasing heating temperature for peroxides production: PI = 15.9, 41.9, 93.0, and 162.8 mEq/kg for 0, 3, 14, and 22 h of heating, respectively, and PI = 40.9, 35.9, 84.0, and 88.2 mEq/kg for 70, 100, 130, and 160 °C of heating, respectively. For each mEq of PI/kg, FA content decreased by 0.11% (P=0.003; R2=0.177). After incubation, the percents of cis9,trans11-CLA (C18:2c9t11) and trans-vaccenic acid (C18:1t11) were significantly correlated with the heating duration: C18:2c9t11 (% of FA) = -0.040 DURATION (h) + 1.783 (P=0.000; R2=0.830) and C18:1t11 (% of FA) = -0.743 DURATION (h) + 3.711 (P=0.001; R2=0.396). The percent of C18:2c9t11 was significantly correlated with the heating temperature: C18:2c9t11 (% of FA) = -0.007 TEMPERATURE (°C) + 2.457 (P=0.006; R2=0.296), but this relationship was lower than for heating duration, and there was no effect of temperature on C18:1t11 percent, possibly because high heating temperature generated less peroxides than long heating duration. Across the two studied parameters, the relationship between the percent of C18:2c9t11 and the level of peroxides was significant: C18:2c9t11 (% of FA) = -0.007 PI (mEq/kg) + 1.998 (P=0.000; R2=0.494). This 0.35% relative decrease for one mEq of PI/kg, suggested that the effect was mainly due to the peroxides, not only to the decrease of FA content. In conclusion, increasing temperature and mainly heating duration of oil led to a decrease of C18:2c9t11 production in the rumen probably due to the lipid peroxidation. Increasing heating duration also decreased C18:1t11 production. These results suggest that peroxides cannot explain the increase of milk CLA noticed in the milk from cows eating heated oilseeds, and that a good quality fat, without lipids oxidation products, is necessary to increase CLA and C18:1t11 production in the rumen.
A comparative analysis of reproductive performance of different pig breeds under intensive management systems in sub-tropical climate

A comparative study was undertaken to evaluate the reproductive performance of various pig breeds reared under intensive system of rearing in sub-tropical climate. Trends in reproductive performance were studied in different breeds with respect to age at puberty and first fertile service, weaning to estrus interval (WEI), farrowing interval, litter size and farrowing indices. Analysis of data revealed earlier age at puberty in Ghungroo (7.8±0.41 months) and crossbred pigs (7.86±0.17 months). Correspondingly, age at first fertile service were earlier in crossbred sows (8.94±0.16 months) and Ghungroo (9.3±0.43 months). In general, an extended WEI could be observed in all breeds and the delay was more pronounced in primiparous compared to multiparous sows. Litter size at birth was significantly higher in Ghungroo (8.7±0.25) and crossbreds [HS × GH (8.5±0.48) and HS × NM (8.2±0.55)] in comparison to other groups. Average numbers of piglets weaned per sow were significantly higher in Ghungroo sows and its crosses. Average pre-weaning mortality was found to be significantly lower in crossbreds with Hampshire-desi crosses having the lowest rate (2.94%). Out of all groups, crossbreds had a higher farrowing index value of 2.01 while indigenous breeds had a relatively lower farrowing index (1.72). Significant influences of different genetic groups on various reproductive variables were observed in the present study while environmental factors and selection practices also appeared to contribute overall variations in the reproductive performance.
The number of generations of Heterodera schachtii completed on oilseed rape ( Brassica napusL.) during the UK growing season

The number of generations completed by a UK field population of Heterodera schachtiion winter and spring oilseed rape (OSR; Brassica napusL.) during the growing season of 2010/2011 was investigated. The experiments were conducted in pots outdoor using UK OSR winter cultivars (cvs) Flash and Castille and spring cvs Belinda and Heros. The results indicated that temperature was crucial in determining the number of generations completed on OSR during the growing season. At least one generation was completed on cv. Castille, whilst two generations were completed on cvs Flash, Belinda and Heros during the growing season. Development of H. schachtiiwas faster on hybrid OSR cvs Flash and Belinda, suggesting that the hybrids were better hosts of H. schachtiithan the conventional cvs Castille and Heros. Cultivar Flash was more susceptible to H. schachtiiinfection than cv. Castille, while cv. Belinda was more susceptible than cv. Heros. However, no major plant growth differences were observed between the cvs investigated. This is the first report on the number of generations of H. schachtiicompleted on current cultivars of OSR in the UK.
Dietary lipid requirement of juvenile hybrid sturgeon, Acipenser baerii♀×A. gueldenstaedtii♂

Summary A 10-week growth trial was conducted to determine the dietary lipid requirement of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baerii♀ × A. gueldenstaedtii ♂) (initial body weight, 66.7 ± 0.11 g). Seven isonitrogenous (crude protein 370 g kg−1) diets were formulated to contain various levels of dietary lipid (40, 65, 90, 115, 140, 165 and 190 g kg−1) and each diet was fed to triplicate groups of thirty fish at 22.3 ± 0.8°C in twenty one 1 m3 concrete tanks. The results showed that specific growth rate (SGR) significantly increased with dietary lipid level up to 115 g kg−1 (P 0.05). Feed intake (FI) was significantly lower at 40 g kg−1 lipid diet (P 0.05). Feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), or protein retention efficiency (PRE) showed no significant difference between diets (P > 0.05). Energy retention efficiency (ERE) was lowest in the fish fed diet with 40 g kg−1 lipid (P < 0.05). Fish serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), phospholipid (PL) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were positively correlated to dietary lipid level (P < 0.05). The contents of dry matter, lipid, energy in whole body, and the contents of dry matter and lipid in dorsal white muscle showed a steady increase with the increasing dietary lipid level (P < 0.05). Broken-line regression analysis indicated the dietary lipid requirement for juvenile hybrid sturgeon was 111 g kg−1.
Single-domain Antibody Inhibitors of Clostridium difficile Toxins

Clostridium difficile is a leading cause of nosocomial infection in North America and a considerable challenge to healthcare professionals in hospitals and nursing homes. The Gram-positive bacterium produces two exotoxins, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB), which are the major virulence factors responsible for C. difficile-associated disease (CDAD) and are targets for CDAD therapy. In this work, recombinant single-domain antibody fragments (VHHs) which target the cell receptor binding domains of TcdA or TcdB were isolated from an immune, llama phage display library and characterized. Four VHHs (A4.2, A5.1, A20.1, and A26.8) were potent neutralizers of the cytopathic effects of TcdA in an in vitro assay and the neutralizing potency was enhanced when VHHs were administered in combinations. Epitope mapping experiments revealed that some synergistic combinations consisted of VHHs recognizing overlapping epitopes, an indication that factors other than mere epitope blocking are responsible for the increased neutralization. Binding assays revealed TcdA-specific VHHs neutralized TcdA by binding to sites other than the carbohydrate binding pocket of the toxin. The TcdB-specific VHHs failed to neutralize TcdB, as did a panel of human VL antibodies isolated from a synthetic library. To enhance the stability of the C. difficile TcdA-specific VHHs for oral therapeutic applications, the VHHs were expressed with an additional disulfide bond by introducing Ala/Gly54Cys and Ile78Cys mutations. The mutant VHHs were found to be well expressed, were non-aggregating monomers, retained low nM affinity for TcdA, and were capable of in vitro TcdA neutralization. Digestion of the VHHs with the major gastrointestinal proteases, at biologically relevant concentrations, revealed a significant increase in pepsin resistance for all mutants and an increase in chymotrypsin resistance for the majority of mutants without compromising inherent VHH trypsin resistance. Collectively, the second disulfide not only increased VHH thermal stability at neutral pH, as previously shown, but also represents a generic strategy to increase VHH stability at low pH and impart protease resistance. These are all desirable characteristics for the design of protein-based oral therapeutics. In conclusion, llama VHHs represent a class of novel, non-antibiotic inhibitors of infectious disease virulence factors such as C. difficile toxins.
The Routledge Companion to Production and Operations Management

are articulated by Tang and Zhou (2012). As the demand for natural resources continues to rise, the economic activities have generated and will continue generating vast wastes and pollutants to the environment (e.g., electronic waste or e-waste and greenhouse gas emissions). Consumer-advocacy groups have raised concerns about various unethical practices as companies begin out-sourcing or offshoring their manufacturing operations to developing countries. With growth slowing in developed countries, fast-moving consumer goods providers are seeking to expand in emerging economies. The reader is referred to Tang and Zhou (2012) for a comprehensive review on broad sustainability using triple bottom line.