Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Produção e renda bruta de cebolinha e de salsa em cultivo solteiro e consorciado

'Todo ano' bunching onion and 'Lisa' parsley were studied in mono and inter-cropping system arranged in a randomized complete block experimental design with three treatments and eight replications. Bunching onion was propagated by cuttings and parsley by seeds. Both crops were harvested 90 days after the beginning of propagation. Plant height, copse diameter and dried and fresh mass yield were evaluated. Also diameter and number of shoots of bunching onion plants and height of parsley plants were evaluated. Averages of bunching onion (33.50 cm) and parsley (27.11 cm) height, of bunching onion shoot diameters (0.42 cm) and of cut height of parsley (6.41 cm) plants were not affected by treatments. The greatest average of copse diameter was obtained in plants under mono-cropping system, with differences of 6.13 cm for bunching onion and 2.85 cm for parsley in relation to those under inter-cropping system. Bunching onion plants inter-cropped with parsley had a significant increase of 0.54 millions of shoots ha-1 in relation to those under mono-cropping system. Average yield of bunching onion and parsley plants under mono-cropping system presented an increase of 1.32 and 2.42 t ha-1 of fresh mass and of 0.20 and 0.24 t ha-1 of dried mass, respectively, in relation to those in inter-cropping system. Land equivalent ratios for bunching onion and parsley inter-cropping system were 1.41 and 1.50 considering dried and fresh mass yield, respectively. Total gross income showed that bunching onion inter-cropped was better with increases of 25.06% (R$ 7,830.00) and 74.93% (R$ 16.740.00) per hectare when related to gross income of bunching onion or parsley in mono-cropping system, respectively.
Lake Trout Discovered in Yellowstone Lake Threaten Native Cutthroat Trout

Abstract On 30 July 1994, lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) were discovered in Yellowstone Lake in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, the core of the remaining undisturbed natural habitat for native Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri). Data from this and other lake trout subsequently caught by anglers and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service suggest lake trout have reproduced in Yellowstone Lake since at least 1989 and now number in the thousands, perhaps tens of thousands. A highly piscivorous, nonnative species, lake trout will probably thrive in Yellowstone Lake and reduce the lake's cutthroat trout stocks substantially unless preventive management actions are taken. A team of scientists that convened in February 1995 to discuss the lake trout problem concluded that there is little chance lake trout can be eliminated from Yellowstone Lake. The team projected a decline of 90% or more in cutthroat trout numbers in 20 years–100 years if the lake trout population is not controlled. Th.
Morphological and functional alterations induced in trout intestine by dietary cadmium and lead

Effects of oral administration of lead and cadmium on structure and function of trout intestine were investigated in Salmo gairdneri. Fish were fed either cadmium (5 mg kg*1 fish per day) or lead (10 mg kg−1 fish p er day) and sacrificed after a 15 or 30 day treatment. Levels of cadmium and lead in kidney, liver and spleen were significantly increased by the 15th day of treatment. Following both cadmium and lead treatment, morphological observations showed an increased mucous cell activity, a disruption of intestinal brush border and an increased renewal rate of absorptive cells. Influx (Jms), outflux (Jsm) of chlorine and sodium ion and net fluxes were measured on perfused intestinal segments and ouabain-sensitive sodium, potassium-ATPase (Na, K-ATPase) activity was determined on intestinal scrapings. Cadmium did not alter either sodium chlorine transepithelial fluxes or sodium, potassium-ATPase activity, but lead did. In the middle intestine, lead modified significantly transepithelial sodium and chlorine fluxes (Jms Na: 3.21 ± 0.34 to 1.79 ± 0.29 and Jms Cl: 3.32 ± 0.34 to 1.86 ± 0.22μmol h−1 cm−2, n = 6) after 30-day diet. Jnet remain unchanged and Na, K-ATPase activity decreased. In the posterior intestine, lead altered only Jms Na (1.95 ± 0.31 to 0.37 ± 0.09μmol h−1 cm−2) and Jms Cl. Consequently Jnes were also decreased. So, although both cadmium and lead induce morphological disorders in the middle and in the posterior intestine of the trout, they have different effects on the absorption mechanisms of ions.
MF2C3: Multi-Feature Fuzzy Clustering to Enhance Cell Colony Detection in Automated Clonogenic Assay Evaluation

A clonogenic assay is a biological technique for calculating the Surviving Fraction (SF) that quantifies the anti-proliferative effect of treatments on cell cultures: this evaluation is often performed via manual counting of cell colony-forming units. Unfortunately, this procedure is error-prone and strongly affected by operator dependence. Besides, conventional assessment does not deal with the colony size, which is generally correlated with the delivered radiation dose or administered cytotoxic agent. Relying upon the direct proportional relationship between the Area Covered by Colony (ACC) and the colony count and size, along with the growth rate, we propose MF2C3, a novel computational method leveraging spatial Fuzzy C-Means clustering on multiple local features (i.e., entropy and standard deviation extracted from the input color images acquired by a general-purpose flat-bed scanner) for ACC-based SF quantification, by considering only the covering percentage. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed fully automatic approach, we compared the SFs obtained by MF2C3 against the conventional counting procedure on four different cell lines. The achieved results revealed a high correlation with the ground-truth measurements based on colony counting, by outperforming our previously validated method using local thresholding on L*u*v* color well images. In conclusion, the proposed multi-feature approach, which inherently leverages the concept of symmetry in the pixel local distributions, might be reliably used in biological studies.
Predatory behaviour of pseudoscorpions (Ellingsenius indicus) associated with Himalayan Apis cerana

Summary We investigated the relationship between pseudoscorpions in 13 colonies of Apis cerana and their predatory behaviour toward varroa mites, wax moth larvae, dead honey bee larvae and psocids in the laboratory. Our survey showed that the high numbers of pseudoscorpions in strong colonies suggest the availability of bee larvae as food. The presence of adult and nymph pseudoscorpions in comb cells suggests that pseudoscorpions use abandoned cells for breeding. In the laboratory, pseudoscorpions did not prey on live varroa mites and lesser wax moth larvae but on juicy dead honey bee larvae and live psocids. The presence of pseudoscorpions below the inner cover of hives suggests that pseudoscorpions feed on dead bees that were squeezed between the inner and outer covers. We conclude that pseudoscorpions associated with A. cerana do not act as a bio-control of varroa mites and wax moth larvae; instead, they prey on dead honey bees, bee larvae and psocids.
Hybridity as a main evolutionary force in the genus Gagea Salisb. (Liliaceae)

Abstract The important role of hybridity in the evolution of the genus Gagea is becoming clear, through morphological, karyological and molecular evidences. Several species were recently inferred or hypothesized to be of hybrid origin; especially in sect. Didymobulbos, sect. Fistulosae and sect. Gagea. Representative case studies, such as G. luberonensis J.-M. Tison, G. polidorii J.-M. Tison and G. pomeranica Ruthe, are presented and discussed. Since many Gagea species show very reduced or null sexual reproduction vs. a massive vegetative propagation, there are several problems in distinguishing hybrids from hybridogenous species in this genus. The actual trend is to consider them at specific level because of their ability to stabilize, at least through vegetative propagation by bulblets and/or bulbils.
Diel variations in bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, and related parameters in the Southern California Bight.

The principal objectives of this study were (i) to determine the extent of coupling betweenphytoplankton and microheterotrophs on the shelf off Southern California. (ii) to compare differentmeasures of primary and bacterial secondary production, and (iii) to assess whether sampling timesshould be as strictly controlled for microheterotroph as for autotroph studies. Two diel cycles (May andOctober) were studied by sampling an isotherm as the ship followed paired submerged drogues. Wefound significant die1 changes of chlorophyll, 14C bicarbonate incorporation, bacterial abundance andthymidine incorporation, frequency of dividing bacterial cells (FDC), abundance of non-pigmentedflagellates, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen and their ratios, and dissolved oxygen. Theseparameters all had higher values dunng daylight hours than at night, showing close coupling betweenthe phytoplankton (light-forced) and the microheterotrophs. The ratio of in vivo to extractedchlorophyll a fluorescence, however, displayed a maximum at midnight and minimum at midday,suggesting an endogenous rhythm. Primary production measured by the 14C method was similar to netproduction inferred from in situ oxygen changes. Short-lived peaks in FDC values suggested partlysynchronized bacterial division.
Produção da figueira em ambiente protegido submetida a diferentes épocas de poda e número de ramos

Production of fresh fig (Carica ficus L.) fruits, in the south of Brazil, is limited by drastic rains that cause high losses of mature figs. Drastic pruning delays the beginning of the harvest and low temperatures hinder growth and maturation of fruits in the beginning of autumn. Fig-growing is being studied under protecting environment as technology to extend harvest period, raise productivity and to minimize fruit losses. Fig plants of variety Roxo de Valinhos were grown indoors under dripping irrigation system and three pruning periods (May 15th, August10th and October 5 th) at the second and the third vegetative cycles. Plants were lead with 4 and 8 branches per plant in the second cycle and spaced 0.75 m x 1.90 m and 1.50 m x 1.90 m apart, respectively, and with 6 and 12 branches per plant in the third vegetative cycle with the corresponding plant spacing. A randomized strip-plot design with four blocks was used with two plants per plot. Fig production under protecting environment with fertirrigation is technically viable in the Passo Fundo region in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Fig productions were 43 and 41 t ha-1 in the second and the third years, respectively. The pruning carried through in the beginning of August and the plants led with 8 to 12 branches and spaced 1.50 m x 1.90 m apart favored the fruition rate, production per plant and per area and extended the harvest period. Fig growing under protecting environment was an efficient way of preventing losses from fruit splitting and decay.
Effects of the case-based instruction method on the experience of learning

This semi-experimental study was conducted with twenty-seven midwifery students who were randomly allocated to either case-based instruction or lecture-based instruction groups. The selected subjects – foetal intrapartum assessment, foetal antepartum assessment, ABO and Rh blood group system mismatch – were presented in four ninety-minute sessions. Data, pretest, post-test and feedback forms were used to assess demographic data, learning rate and assessment of learning experience, respectively. Mean pretest scores in the case-based and lecture-based groups were 17.69±3.28 and 16.29±4.65, respectively. Mean post-test scores in the two groups were 25.46±4.87 and 26.50±5.24, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups’ Likert scale scores regarding learning experience. The present study did not support the hypothesis of a greater effect of the case-based method in comparison to traditional lecturing. However, because of its compatibility with our country’s educational facilities, we suggest that its applicability and popularisation should be surveyed more extensively.
Estrutura e composição florística do estrato arbóreo de um remanescente de Mata Atlântica submontana no município de Rio Bonito, RJ, Brasil (Mata Rio Vermelho)

This work describes the floristic composition and forest structure of a tree community in a Submontane Ombrofilous Dense Atlantic forest (Rio Vermelho Forest) and compares this forest to other remnant forests in the region. Eight 100 m x 5 m plots were allocated and all trees > 5 cm DBH were sampled. A total of 106 species was sampled, distributed in 77 genus and 32 families. The richest families in number of species were Leguminosae (13 species) and Lauraceae (8). Monimiaceae (13% of trees) and Leguminosae (11%) had the highest densities. The most important species (cover value) were Siparuna guianensis, Apuleia leiocarpa, Cupania oblongifolia and Machaerium brasiliensis. These species are common in secondary Atlantic forests. The species diversity (H' = 3,91 nats.ind-1) can be considered within the values found for secondary Atlantic forests. Based on the floristic data and the high values found for standing dead trees, trees supporting lianas, number of multiple stems and number of early secondary species and the low number of large trees, this forest can be classified as a secondary forest in an intermediate regenerating status. However, this forest still has a considerable richness and diversity with some endangered tree species such as Melanoxylon brauna and Dalbergia nigra. Due to its ecological importance for the local flora and fauna and the fragmentation process in the region, this remnant forest should be considered as a priority area for establishment of conservation and management practices.
Directly resistively heated‐column gas chromatography for the evaluation of cow milk fat purity

Cow milk fat purity is currently evaluated by triacylglycerol (TAG) analysis. The method is based on the gas chromatographic analysis of TAG according to their total number of carbon atoms, followed by the application of formulae deriving from multiple linear regressions. The original procedure was set up by using a packed column, but different successive works showed its suitability also with the adoption of more modern adjustments. Recently, the use of high-speed gas chromatography has been spreading. In this work, the suitability of the directly resistively heated-column gas chromatography [Ultrafast module (UFM)-GC] for the evaluation of milk fat purity by the Official EU method was tested. Pure milk fat, together with mixtures of milk fat containing two levels of four foreign fats (coconut fat, sunflower oil, lard and beef tallow), were analyzed by both the conventional capillary GC method and UFM-GC. Sheep, goat and buffalo milk fats were also analyzed. The reference material CRM-519 was used for calibration. Repeatability and reproducibility values were always below the limits reported in the Official method, demonstrating the suitability of UFM-GC for the evaluation of milk fat purity. The investigation on sheep, goat and buffalo milk fat confirmed that the S ranges, calculated for cow milk fat, are not applicable to the evaluation of genuineness of non-bovine milk fats.
Molecular Mapping of Loci for Agronomic Traits on Chromosome 3A of Bread Wheat

Chromosome 3A of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Wichita' (WI) was previously found to differ from that of Cheyenne' (CNN) for genes affecting a number of agronomically important traits such as grain yield (GYLD), kernel number spike 1 (KPS), 1000-kernel weight (TKWT), spike number m -2 (SPSM), grain volume weight (GVWT), plant height (PHT), and anthesis date (influenced by Eps locus). This study was designed to map the Eps locus and to identify regions of chromosome 3A of wheat associated with agronomic traits. A population of 3A recombinant inbred chromosome lines (RICLs-3A) was previously evaluated in replicated field trials. Thirteen RFLPs and one morphological marker locus, Eps, were used to develop a genetic linkage map and to identify QTLs associated with agronomic traits. Individual loci explained from 8.9 to 38.2% of the total phenotypic variation for the measured traits. The major locus Eps was mapped distal to an RFLP marker locus Xcdo549 on the short arm of chromosome 3A and explained 38.2% of the total phenotypic variation for PHT, and 17.4% for both KPS and TKWT. Additional QTLs for PHT, TKWT, and KPS were identified on the chromosome. A QTL for SPSM on the long arm of chromosome 3A was tightly linked to QTL for PHT and KPS. QTLs for GYLD were identified only in a few individual environments whereas no QTL was detected for GVWT. No epistasis was detected between markers associated with QTLs. The QTLs identified across environments were consistent in all or most environments, hence should be useful in future marker assisted selection programs for breeding wheat cultivars.
Insulin-like growth factor-1 regulates platelet activation through PI3-Kα isoform

Platelets release insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) from α granules upon activation. We have investigated the regulation of IGF-1 in Gi-dependent pathways leading to Akt activation and the role of IGF-1 in platelet activation. IGF-1 alone failed to induce platelet aggregation, but IGF-1 potentiated 2-MeSADP–induced platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. IGF-1 triggered platelet aggregation in combination with selective P2Y1 receptor activation. IGF-1 also caused platelet aggregation without shape change when combined with selective Gz stimulation by epinephrine, suggesting the role of IGF-1 in platelet aggregation by supplementing Gi pathways. The potentiating effect of IGF-1 was not affected by intracellular calcium chelation. Importantly, IGF-1 was unable to potentiate platelet aggregation by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) inhibitor wortmannin, suggesting a critical regulation by PI3-K. Moreover, the potentiating effect of IGF-1 was abolished by the presence of PI3-K p110α inhibitor PIK-75. Stimulation of platelets with IGF-1 resulted in phosphorylation of Akt, a downstream effector of PI3-K, which was completely inhibited by wortmannin. IGF-1-induced Akt phosphorylation was abolished by PIK-75 suggesting the contribution of PI3-K p110α for activation of Akt by IGF-1. These results demonstrate that IGF-1 plays a role in potentiating platelet aggregation by complementing Gi- but not Gq-signaling pathways via PI3-K p110α.
Preplant root treatments to reduce the incidence of Phytophthora species on dormant apple rootstocks.

In trials over a 6-yr period, roots of dormant MM.106 apple (Malus domestica) rootstocks were soaked in aqueous fungicide suspensions before planting to reduce the incidence of naturally occurring inoculum of Phytophthora cactorum and P. cambivora, causal agents of Phytophthora crown rot. Initially, roots were soaked for 10 min or 1 hr in 1,000 mg/L of captafol, copper hydroxide, mancozeb, or metalaxyl or in 1.05% sodium hypochlorite. In later trials, metalaxyl and copper hydroxide were compared with etridiazole, fosetyl-Al, and oxadixyl (.)
Evaluating LGBTI+ Inclusion within Sport and the Pride Cup Initiative

In July 2019, VicHealth commissioned researchers from the Faculty of Education, Monash University to undertake an evaluation to measure the impact of the Pride Cup program and resources. Existing research highlights the lower participation rates of people who identify as LGBTI+. Gay and bisexual teenage males play team sport at less than half the rate of their heterosexual peers, whilst girls who identify as lesbian are known to experience discrimination and exclusion within some sport settings (Drury, 2011). Transgender young people frequently report negative and exclusionary experiences when seeking to participate in sport (Hargie, Mitchell, Somerville, 2017). The evaluation contributes to an understanding of what works in LGBTI+ inclusion approaches within sport and why, in relation to changing long outdated attitudes and behaviours. Despite the problem of LGBTI+ discrimination and exclusion from sport being well studied, there is very little research focused on finding effective solutions.
Pine invasions in the Southern Hemisphere: Determinants of spread and invadability

Many factors interact to determine whether an introduced organism will become invasive. The widespread planting of many Pinus species at various densities and in many habitats at different times in the Southem Hemisphere (well outside their natural range) provides a unique opportunity to identify the determinants of invasive success for a large group of related organisms. At least sixteen pine species have spread from planting sites to invade natural or semi-natural vegetation. Species with adventive populations over fairly large areas are P. contorta Dougl. , P. halepensis Mill,, P. nigra Arnold, P. patula Schiede & Deppe, P. pinaster Ait. , P. ponderosa Laws. , P. radiata D. Don and P. sylvestris L. This paper explores the biological profiles of successful invaders, the inherent and induced susceptibility of different vegetation types to invasion, patterns of invasion, the role of disturbance in initiating and sustaining invasions, the role of time, and the various functions of the resident biota in the receiving habitat in mediating the outcome of an introduction. This information, with evidence from contemporary studies of pine dynamics in the Northem Hemisphere and reconstructions of pine migrations in the early Holocene, shows that: (1) Most of the important invaders share a suite of biological traits that facilitate long-distance dispersal by wind, and allow invading populations to persist in habitats subjected to frequent disturbance. (2) The extent of invasion for widely planted species is positively correlated with the residence period. (3) Ground-cover categories can be ranked according to their vulnerability to invasion as follows: forest < shrubland < grassland << dunes < bare ground. (4) Disturbance regimes and the resident biota have a marked (and complex) influence on invadability. This information is used to predict future trends in pine invasions
The genera Myriochele and Myrioglobula (Polychaeta, Oweniidae) in Icelandic waters with the revision of type material of Myriochele heeri Malmgren, 1867, and the description of a new species

Based on the study of specimens previously identified as Myriochele heeri Malmgren, 1867 (Polychaeta, Oweniidae) in Icelandic waters collected during the BIOICE project, a redescription of this taxon is presented, a Pacific species—Myriochele olgae Blake, 2000—is reported, and one new species is described: Myrioglobula malmgreni sp. nov. Myriochele heeri is characterized by three short anterior uniramous chaetigers of similar length. The revision of the type series of M. heeri showed that the length of the anterior chaetigers and the chaetal composition is variable in the different specimens, thus demonstrating that more than one species is involved. Complementary anatomical (prostomial, foregut, and peristomial ciliary fields, ventral pharyngeal organ) and biological (food composition, tube ornamentation, body regeneration) observations from selected specimens are provided. Additions to the original description of Myrioglobula islandica Parapar, 2003a and an updated key to the species of Oweniidae recorded in Arctic and East Atlantic Boreal waters are also presented. Aspects on geographical distribution and phylogeny of the family are also discussed.