Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapamycin reverses ferroptosis by increasing autophagy in MPTP/MPP+-induced models of Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, and ferroptosis plays a significant role in the pathological mechanism underlying Parkinson’s disease. Rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in Parkinson’s disease. However, the link between rapamycin and ferroptosis in Parkinson’s disease is not entirely clear. In this study, rapamycin was administered to a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson’s disease mouse model and a 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced Parkinson’s disease PC12 cell model. The results showed that rapamycin improved the behavioral symptoms of Parkinson’s disease model mice, reduced the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and reduced the expression of ferroptosis-related indicators (glutathione peroxidase 4, recombinant solute carrier family 7, member 11, glutathione, malondialdehyde, and reactive oxygen species). In the Parkinson’s disease cell model, rapamycin improved cell viability and reduced ferroptosis. The neuroprotective effect of rapamycin was attenuated by a ferroptosis inducer (methyl (1S,3R)-2-(2-chloroacetyl)-1-(4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)-1,3,4,9-tetrahyyridoindole-3-carboxylate) and an autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine). Inhibiting ferroptosis by activating autophagy may be an important mechanism by which rapamycin exerts its neuroprotective effects. Therefore, the regulation of ferroptosis and autophagy may provide a therapeutic target for drug treatments in Parkinson’s disease.
Olympic and Paralympic athletes’ perceptions of the Canadian sport environment and mental health

ABSTRACT While athletes can experience poor mental health, researchers often focuses on the personal factors that impact an athlete’s mental health. Such a narrow focus neglects the broader contextual factors, such as involvement within sport systems, that can impact athlete mental health. Purpose: The purpose of this project was to understand how elite sport training environments in Canada impact the mental health of athletes. Methods: Team Canada Olympic and Paralympic athletes (n = 32) from team and individual sports (water polo, basketball, rowing, athletics, swimming, gymnastics, and field hockey) each participated in one semi-structured interview. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Athletes identified environmental features that supported and detracted from their mental health, including: the provision of resources, social support, performance pressure, communication, language, and coaching. These features impacted athletes’ mental health experiences by influencing their perceptions of stigma, their perceptions of mental health as an organisational priority, their help-seeking behaviours, and the minimisation of their personal experiences. Discussion: Uncertainty and a lack of control were common features of the environment contributing to athletes’ perceptions of stress and negatively impacted their wellbeing, as did a lack of trust in support providers and negative coaching practices. While some environmental features impacted athletes’ mental health directly, many had an indirect impact on athletes’ mental health (e.g. led to the minimisation of personal mental health challenges). Identifying ways to enhance athlete autonomy and educate coaches about mental health and supportive coaching practices are important directions for future research and practice.
Time‐domain reciprocity theorems for acoustic wave fields in fluids with relaxation

Time‐domain reciprocity theorems of the time‐convolution and the time‐correlation type for acoustic wave fields in linear, time‐invariant, and locally reacting fluids are discussed. Inhomogeneity, inertial anisotropy, and arbitrary relaxation effects in inertia and compressibility properties, both of the active and the passive type, are included. The theorems also apply to the ‘‘equivalent fluid model’’ of a solid in which only compressional waves are considered and shear is neglected. The analysis is entirely carried out in space‐time, without intermediate recourse to the frequency or the wave vector domains. The application to inverse source and inverse constituency (or inverse profiling/scattering, or imaging) problems is briefly indicated.
A deep learning method for the prediction of 6-DoF ship motions in real conditions

This paper presents a deep learning method for the prediction of ship motions in 6 Degrees of Freedom (DoF). Big data streams of Automatic Identification System (AIS), now-cast, and bathymetry records are used to extract motion trajectories and idealise environmental conditions. A rapid Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) model is used to generate ship motions that account for the influence of surrounding water and ship-controlling devices. A transformer neural network that accounts for the influence of operational conditions on ship dynamics is validated by learning the data streams corresponding to ship voyages and hydro-meteorological conditions between two ports in the Gulf of Finland. Predictions for a ship turning circle and motion dynamics between these two ports show that the proposed method can capture the influence of operational conditions on seakeeping and manoeuvring.
Large Waves in the Gulf of Mexico Caused by Hurricane Ivan

The large waves generated by Hurricane Ivan caused extensive damage to the offshore oil industry and to the coastal areas on the Gulf of Mexico. This damage and the wave conditions have received considerable media coverage. There has been speculation that the associated wave conditions correspond to a 1000-year event and that the criteria for designing offshore structures in the Gulf of Mexico may need revision. In view of what appear to be extraordinary wave conditions, we analyzed all of the measurements from National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoys in the Gulf of Mexico and elsewhere in U.S. waters in order to place Hurricane Ivan's waves in the context of other measurements. It was found that the maximum significant wave height (SWH) measured during Hurricane Ivan in the Gulf of Mexico exceeded the largest wave heights ever recorded in all U.S. waters, even though on a return period basis, the Gulf of Mexico has the smallest wave climate compared with all other regions around the United States. At four .
Understanding the Ethical Frameworks of Internet Measurement Studies

—Measurement of network data received from or transmitted over the public Internet has yielded a myriad of insights towards improving the security and privacy of deployed services. Yet, the collection and analysis of this data necessarily involves the processing of data that could impact human subjects, and anonymization often destroys the very phenomena under study. As a result, Internet measurement faces the unique challenge of studying data from human subjects who could not conceivably consent to its collection, and yet the measurement community has tacitly concluded that such measurement is beneficial and even necessary for its positive impacts. We are thus at an impasse: academics and practitioners routinely collect and analyze sensitive user data, and yet there exists no cohesive set of ethical norms for the community that justifies these studies. In this work, we examine the ethical considerations of Internet traffic measurement and analysis, analyzing the ethical considerations and remediations in prior works and general trends in the community. We further analyze ethical expectations in calls-for-papers, finding a general lack of cohesion across venues. Through our analysis and recommendations, we hope to inform future studies and venue expectations towards maintaining positive impact while respecting and protecting end users.
Incidental News Exposure on Facebook and Its Relation to Trust in News

There has been a growing interest in the impact of incidental news exposure on audiences as using social media as a source of news is becoming increasingly common practice. This article examines how this may have an impact on the trust in news through an analysis of Facebook news users in three countries—Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States (n = 1,296). While trust in general news is no different between those who access news intentionally or incidentally, incidental exposure has a negative relationship to the trust in news on social media. This finding is more prominent among those who use social media as their primary source of news. Among social media news users, those who actively access news have a much higher trust in news they find on social media compared with incidental news users. This gap implies that there are a variety of contexts in which a social media user is exposed to news and a nuanced understanding of the context of incidental versus intentional exposure is needed to fully explain how incidental exposure to news may affect audiences’ trust in news.
On the influence of the Basset history force on the motion of a particle through a fluid

A parameter study on the development of the Basset integral appearing in the equation of motion of a particle moving through a fluid is presented. The particle motion is investigated numerically for the flow across an aerodynamic shock. It is found that, for this type of flow, the Basset history force acting upon the particle described by the Basset integral can be many times larger than the viscous drag in the immediate shock region. It is demonstrated how this force affects the particle motion across the shock for different particles. Nevertheless, the results obtained show that it is justified to neglect the Basset integral for the theoretical description of the motion of the types of particles commonly used in flow measurement tracer techniques for the type of flow considered here.
Ethically Robust Comparisons of Distributions of Two Individual Attributes

This paper examines the normative properties of an empirically implementable dominance criterion for comparing alternative distributions of two attributes, one of which being cardinally measurable, between an arbitrary number of individuals. The criterion, which generalizes the one proposed by Bourguignon (1989), states that distribution A dominates distribution B when poverty in the cardinally measurable attribute, as measured by the poverty gap, is no greater in A than in B for all poverty lines that are weakly decreasing with respect to the other attribute. The criterion is shown to be equivalent to the ranking of distributions of two attributes that would be aggreed upon by all utility-inequality averse welfarist social planners who assume that households convert attributes into well-being by the same increasing utility function satisfying the property that the marginal utility of the cardinally measurable attribute is decreasing with respect to the two attributes. This paper also identifies the elementary equalizing transformations that correspond to this criterion.
Blocking over the South Pacific and Rossby Wave Propagation

Abstract Atmospheric blocking events over the South Pacific are investigated using a 39-yr record of 500-hPa height fields from the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis dataset. The analysis extends earlier work using a 16-yr record and confirms that the occurrence of blocking over the southeast Pacific is strongly modulated by the ENSO cycle during austral spring and summer. Comparison of results at 500 hPa with the 300-hPa meridional wind component showed that blocking events are associated with large-scale wave trains lying across the South Pacific from the region of Australia to southern South America. Similar wave trains are evident in both hemispheres in singular value decomposition analyses between 300-hPa meridional wind components and tropical Pacific outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) anomalies. The hypothesis that the divergence associated with tropical OLR anomalies forces an extratropical wave response that results in enhanced blocking over the southeast Pacific was tested using a linearized, barotropic vorti.
Assessment of missing opportunity of vaccination at primary health care center: A retrospective study

Objectives: The study aim is to assess the vaccination status of children under two years old in Al-Asatetha primary health care center / Hilla-Iraq. Method: Retrospective study design (Retrospective chart review) was used to assess the missed opportunities of vaccination for children under the age of two years by reviewing their immunization status from medical reports at the primary health care center. The purposive sampling was used to collect the data of 1000 children born from 1-1-2020 to 31-12-2020 through the period from 1 December 2021 to 1 February 2022. Results: the finding of the current study showed that the age of children in the selected period (2020-2021) was between11-23 months, the number of children (1-8) in the same family, and almost all of these families reside in urban areas. Regarding the parents’ educational level the high percentage of both fathers and mothers were attained a primary level of education, and most of the fathers were working, while most of the mothers were not work. Concerning the vaccination status the finding showed that the percentage of missed vaccination opportunities reached 61%, and there was a significant positive correlation between vaccination status and (family residence, parental education level, and fathers' occupation) with a P value of 0.01. On the other hand, the number and the order of children in families had an inversely significant relationship with vaccination status at a P value of 0.01. Conclusion: the study concludes that numerous factors affect the vaccination rate such as parents' education attainment and awareness, family size, address, and economic status of the family.
The Effectiveness of Al-Qur'an Reading Culture to Improve Character Education and Student Learning Motivation

The author found that some students of SMAN 3 Sumbawa Besar have less commendable behavior and lack of enthusiasm in learning so that students' self-development is needed to improve character education and learning motivation, namely with the culture of reading the Qur'an. This study aims to determine the implementation of Qur'an reading culture in improving character education and student learning motivation, and to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of Qur'an reading culture on character education and student learning motivation. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative with data collection procedures through questionnaires and documentation, and data are analyzed with normality tests, multicholinearity tests, heterochedasticity tests, multiple regression tests. The results showed a signification value of 0.016 < 0.05 and a Fhitung value of 4.434 > Ftabel means that the effectiveness of the culture of reading the Qur'an can increase character education and student learning motivation. So it can be concluded that the culture of reading the Qur'an is effective in increasing character education and student learning motivation at SMAN 3 Sumbawa Besar.
Orographic Effect and the Opposite Trend of Rainfall in Central Vietnam

Central Vietnam is characterized by severe flooding associated with heavy rainfall events caused by interactions between multiscale atmospheric circulations and the complex local terrain. Previous studies believed rainfall in central Vietnam is closely related to the cold surge; however, it fails to explain the cause of the early rainfall occurrence in August in the subregion. For the first time, this study investigates the detailed atmospheric mechanisms associated with rainfall variations in central Vietnam using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) applied to the recently developed high-resolution Vietnam gridded precipitation (VnGP) dataset. Reanalysis data NCEP/NCAR is used to associate the rainfall changes with respective atmospheric mechanisms. EOF analysis detected two dominant rainfall modes. The primary mode explains the rainfall variation from October to November over the central and is directly related to the interaction of cold surges and tropical disturbances. The second mode accounts for rainfall occurring in north central from September to mid-October, which is attributed to the westerly summer monsoon activities. Also, we revealed that, while the first mode exhibits a significant correlation with El Niño-southern oscillation, the second depends highly on the contrast of sea surface temperature in the northern and southern Hemispheres. This different oceanic forcing and the local topological effect of Truong Son mountain range reasonably explain the opposite rainfall pattern in central Vietnam in early fall.
The C4H Zeeman Effect in TMC-1: Understanding Low-Mass Star Formation

We have searched for the C4H Zeeman effect toward the cold dense TMC-1 cyanopolyyne peak (CP) core and obtained an upper limit of 14.5 ± 14 μG for a magnetic field B = |B| cos θ, where θ is the angle between the field and the plane of the sky. C4H is particularly suited to the detection of small dense cores that result from the evolution of magnetized clumps undergoing ambipolar diffusion (AD) to smaller denser cores that directly form stars. These are the so-called quasi-static models. We discuss three distinct types of model for such systems, those of the Mouschovias, Shu, and Myers groups, respectively. We see no indications of line-broadening or high densities in the core, such as those predicted to follow the ambipolar diffusion and free-fall contractions, but the dearth of observational data for B fields in low-mass protostars makes it difficult to form definite conclusions from our results. We also discuss several models emphasizing recent formulations of large-scale (100 pc) flows of supersonic turbulence that appear to surmount earlier difficulties such as too large a star formation (SF) rate and the need for a magnetically subcritical initial cloud. Possible reasons for the null result on the C4H Zeeman effect are that (1) in the case of the quasi-static models, TMC-1 CP has not evolved yet to the onset of dynamic collapse, which follows the much longer AD phase, and (2) there is a weak |B| field throughout the Taurus complex and it is directed close to the plane of the sky, whereas the Zeeman effect is sensitive only to line-of-sight (circular) polarization. In the supersonic turbulence models, the subsonic nature observed for the C4H emission lines argues that the energetic turbulence that formed TMC-1 CP has passed by TMC-1 CP at least a Myr ago (the crossing time for the energetic turbulence to traverse the clump).
Polyculture of Machrobracium nipponense (De Haan, 1849) with Ctenopharyngodon idella Val., 1844 in laboratory conditions

The laboratory test on effect of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) at different densities in polyculture with oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) was the aim of this study. The experiment includes three treatments, prawn and 6 grass carp m-² (T1), prawn and 8 grass carp m-² (T2) and prawn and 10 garss carp m-² (T3), with three replicates in each. The prawn stocking density was the same in all treatments (10 juvenile m-²). Feeds were applied twice daily for prawn. Feeding rates were gradually reduced to 10 - 7% of body weight from the beginning to the last month. Water quality parameters (temperature, pH, salinity and DO) did not vary significantly (P>0.05). The mean of juvenile weight in the final weights and the increasing weight and daily growth were differed significantly (P<0.05) between the treatment T1 as well as of the two treatments T2 and T3, Which had not significant differences (P>0.05). While not significant differences (P>0.05) in both survival and relative growth rates in all transactions. It was found that the addition of different grass carp did not affect on rates of both survival and relative growth of prawns, evidence favorable to store fish with prawn. It can be concluded that the treatments T3 was the best for prawn-fish polyculture.
Characterizing implications of two-dimensional space–time orientations for principal component analysis of geographic time series

This article introduces four new modes of principal component analysis (PCA) to investigate space–time variability in an image time series. Using the concept of tensors, an image time series can be understood as a space–time cube and can be analysed using six different orientations by grouping the basic elements (voxels) of the cube across different dimensions. Voxels grouped across columns or rows of the cube to produce vectors result in profiles. Voxels grouped across different planes to produce matrices result in slices. The traditional S-mode and T-mode PCA are thus the profile modes and slice modes across time and across space, respectively. This research introduces two profile-mode orientations across longitude and latitude and two slice-mode orientations across longitude–time and latitude–time. The research shows that a more complete understanding of the spatio-temporal variability in the data set can be achieved by investigating these different orientation modes, as individual modes have the capability of capturing variability in a particular dimension of a spatio-temporal data set. A case study was carried out using weekly anomalies of the AVISO (Archiving, Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic data) sea surface height product filtered for tropical instability waves (TIWs) for a three-year time period from 1997 to 1999 in the tropical Pacific region. The results show that PCA with longitude as the dimension of variability and latitude–time as the dimension of variability were able to capture the TIW and barotropic Rossby wave propagation across the equatorial Pacific. The other two orientation modes were able to detect dominant latitudinal locations for TIW.
Bootstrap Cointegration Rank Testing: The Role of Deterministic Variables and Initial Values in the Bootstrap Recursion

In this paper we investigate the role of deterministic components and initial values in bootstrap likelihood ratio type tests of cointegration rank. A number of bootstrap procedures have been proposed in the recent literature some of which include estimated deterministic components and nonzero initial values in the bootstrap recursion while others do the opposite. To date, however, there has not been a study into the relative performance of these two alternative approaches. In this paper we fill this gap in the literature and consider the impact of these choices on both ordinary least squares (OLS) and generalized least squares (GLS) detrended tests, in the case of the latter proposing a new bootstrap algorithm as part of our analysis. Overall, for OLS detrended tests our findings suggest that it is preferable to take the computationally simpler approach of not including estimated deterministic components in the bootstrap recursion and setting the initial values of the bootstrap recursion to zero. For GLS detrended tests, we find that the approach of Trenkler (2009), who includes a restricted estimate of the deterministic component in the bootstrap recursion, can improve finite sample behavior further.