Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neurosurgery 1992-98 October 1992, Volume 31, Number 4 697 Effect of Nicardipine on Basilar Artery Vasoactive Responses after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

THE EFFECT OF the dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, nicardipine, on the vasoactive responses of the basilar artery was investigated after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Forty-five rabbits were separated into one control group and four groups receiving SAH (nine animals each). The SAH was induced by injecting 5 ml of autologous arterial blood into the cisterna magna. SAH animals were subjected to one of the following: 1) no treatment; 2) intravenous (i.v.) saline infusion (vehicle); 3) i.v. infusion of low-dose nicardipine (0.01 mg/kg/hr), or 4) i.v. infusion of high-dose nicardipine (0.15 mg/kg/hr). The i.v. infusions were started immediately after SAH and continued for 48 hours. Serotonin (5-HT) (10 -8 to 10-5 mol/L) was used to evoke dose-dependent vasoconstriction of isolated rings of the basilar artery 2 days after SAH. Acetylcholine (ACh) (10-8 to 10-4) and adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) (10 -8 to 10-4 mol/L) were applied after maximal contraction with 5-HT, to evoke a dosedependent vasodilatation. Compared with controls, in animals subjected to SAH serotonin caused similar or slightly larger contractions; nicardipine infusion did not decrease the amount of contraction observed after SAH. ACh and ATP caused significantly less dilatation in animals submitted to SAH than in controls. After high-dose nicardipine, AChand ATPinduced dilatations were significantly more pronounced (57% and 68% of initial contractile tone) than in the other animals receiving SAH (36%-39% and 45%-55%, respectively). It is concluded that after SAH in rabbits, nicardipine infusion does not relieve the constrictor response of the basilar artery to 5-HT; however, it does enhance the vasodilatory response to ACh and ATP.
RAPID COMMUNICATION Effect of Signaled Versus Unsignaled Stress on Rat Myocardium

Foot-shock stress resulted in a threefold increase in myocardial uptake of technetium-99m-methylene diphosphonate (Tc-99m-MDP) in rats compared to unstressed controls. The introduction of a 4-sec signal prior to each shock resulted in a two-thirds reduction in this stress-induced Tc-99m-MDP myocardial uptake, suggesting that most of the stress-induced myocardial damage was psychologically mediated.
Interferon‐β Counteracts Inflammatory Mediator‐Induced Effects on Brain Endothelial Cell Tight Junction Molecules—Implications for Multiple Sclerosis

To elucidate mechanisms of endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction in CNS inflammatory responses and beneficial effects of interferon-β (IFN-β) in multiple sclerosis (MS), we analyzed effects of individual and combinations of soluble inflammatory mediators on the intracellular localization of the EC tight junction-associated molecules zonula occludens-1 and -2 (ZO-1 and ZO-2) in human brain ECs. The cytoplasm in the majority of cells in control EC cultures was clear; ZO-1 and ZO-2 were localized peripherally near sites of cell contact and associated with submembranous cytoplasmic filaments. H2O2 induced reversible time- and concentration-dependent translocation of ZO-1 and ZO-2 to a random distribution within EC cytoplasm and retraction of EC borders. For low concentrations, these effects were accompanied by less prominent submembranous filaments but not by evidence of cytotoxicity, increased cell death or altered amounts of ZO-1. Tumor necrosis factor-α induced similar alterations but interferon-γ did not. Co-treatment with either cytokine increased H2O2 effects whereas IFN-β reversed H2O2-induced effects. In control white matter samples, EC cytoplasm was clear and ZO-1 was located on cell borders. In inflammatory/demyelinating lesions, EC ZO-1 was diffuse, indicating that the alterations induced in vitro mimic those in active MS lesions. These findings suggest that in MS patients, IFN-β treatment may counteract inflammatory mediator effects on CNS EC tight junction molecules, thereby preserving EC barrier function.
Self-Management of Urinary Incontinence Among Women

In this exploratory and descriptive study, the self-management of urinary incontinence among women 31 to 50 years old is described. Eight self-selected women participated in unstructured tape-recorded interviews that were guided by an interest in understanding women ’s perceptions about their incontinence. Self-management comprised$ve specijic methods: (a) modifying or avoiding the activities that cause involuntary leaking of urine, (b) keeping the bladder empty, (c) avoiding or limiting beverages that stimulate voiding, ( d ) wearing protective pads, and ( e ) doing exercises to strengthen the pelvic jloor muscles. Successful self-management was characterized by perceptions of control and normality; unsuccessful self-management by perceptions of noncontrol and abnormality and a consideration of medical management. Three types of medical encounters experienced by participants are described. The study indicates that participants responded differently to two temporal stages in their development of incontinence, and this difference affected how incontinence was managed at the time. The implications of this finding for nursing practice and nursing research are discussed.
a-MSH inhibits in£ammatory signalling in olfactory ensheathing cells

a-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (a-MSH) was originally documented as a peptide that induced pigmentation in skin. However, more recent work suggests that it acts as a potent anti-in£ammatory molecule in several tissues including nerve. a-MSH works by directly inhibiting cytokines that cause in£ammation, in particular tumour necrosis factor-a, interleukin-1b, interleukin-6 and g-interferon. Acommonmechanismof inhibition is via theNF-kB transcription factor.We investigated the ability of a-MSH to inhibit the activation of NF-kB in cultured rat primary olfactory ensheathing cells stimulated with tumour necrosis factor-a or g-interferon. Both cytokines activated NF-kB rapidly (after 60min incubation), observed as a translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus. a-MSH inhibited this activation (and hence nuclear translocation) byB50% for both cytokines.The anti-in£ammatory properties of this peptide in neural cells may therefore support a basis for treating CNS injury, where in£ammation is a major problem. NeuroReport 14:2171^2176 c 2003 LippincottWilliams &Wilkins.
SCJ-D-15-00199 49..58

SMALL-SIDED AND CONDITIONED GAMES (SSCGS) ARE SMALLER AND ADJUSTED VERSIONS OF FORMAL TEAM SPORTS. THESE GAMES ARE VERY POPULAR TRAINING DRILLS FOR PLAYERS OF ALL ABILITY AND COMPETITIVE LEVELS AND CONSTITUTE AN ALTERNATIVE TO TRADITIONAL FITNESS TRAINING. THE AIM OF THIS REVIEW WAS TO CONSTITUTE A USEFUL SYNTHESIS OF ALL RESEARCH INTO SSCGS IN BASKETBALL AND JUSTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THESE GAMES FOR BASKETBALL TRAINING. THE REVIEWED STUDIES REVEAL THAT SMALLER FORMATS PLAYED IN FULL COURT,WITH LIMITATIONSON DRIBBLING, WITH COACHES’ ENCOURAGEMENT, AND IN A CONTINUOUS TRAINING REGIMEN MAY INCREASE HEART RATE RESPONSE, BLOOD LACTATE CONCENTRATION, AND PERCEIVED EXERTION.
The Relationship between Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in Elder Patients with Hypertension

目的:观察高血压合并糖耐量减低患者颈动脉粥样硬化的特点,探讨糖耐量减低在老年高血压动脉粥样硬化的作用. 方法:选取90例老年高血压患者按照葡萄糖耐量试验将研究对象按其是否合并糖耐量异常分为两组即单纯高血压组(41例)和高血压合并糖耐量异常组(49例),同时做彩超测颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)和斑块积分(PS). 根据公式计算出胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA IR指数),测量体重身高计算体重指数(BMI),同.
UNIPORTAL ENDOSCOPIC THORACIC SYMPATHECTOMY

OBJECTIVE: Primary hyperhidrosis of the upper limbs is a common and troublesome condition in Taiwan. Therefore, we present our experience in treating hyperhidrosis via uniportal endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy. METHODS: Between April 1993 and March 2000, a total of 2000 patients underwent endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for treatment of palmar or axillary hyperhidrosis. There were 1520 patients with palmar hyperhidrosis and 480 patients with axillary hyperhidrosis. There were 788 male and 1212 female patients, with a mean age of 22.9 years (range, 9–60 yr). All patients were placed in a semi-sitting position, with singlelumen-intubation anesthesia. We performed T2 sympathectomy at the second and third rib beds for patients with palmar hyperhidrosis, using an 8-mm, 0-degree, offset thoracoscope (Karl Storz GmbH & Co., Tuttlingen, Germany), via a 0.8-cm incision below each axilla. Similar procedures were used for T3 and T4 sympathectomies at the third, fourth, and fifth rib beds for patients with axillary hyperhidrosis. Questionnaires were sent to all patients after surgery. RESULTS: Among these 2000 patients, successful bilateral sympathectomies were performed for 1992 patients. The operations were usually completed within 20 minutes (range, 10–30 min). Most patients were discharged within 4 hours after surgery. The surgical complications were minimal, including pneumothorax (10 cases, 0.5%), segmental atelectasis (7 cases, 0.35%), hemothorax (2 cases, 0.1%), and mild wound infections (2 cases, 0.1%). There were no surgery-related deaths. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 51.7 months (range, 6–89 mo). A total of 1720 patients (86%) developed compensatory sweating of the trunk and lower limbs. The recurrence rates for palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis after surgery were 0 and 4.1% in the first year, 0.1 and 8.2% in the second year, 0.5 and 10.4% in the third year, 0.6 and 14.1% in the fourth year, and 1.3 and 16.7% in the fifth year, respectively. CONCLUSION: Uniportal endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy is a safe, effective method for the treatment of patients with palmar or axillary hyperhidrosis. For surgery, both a semi-sitting position and single-lumen-intubation anesthesia are recommended.
Food-Based Complementary Feeding Strategies for Breast-Fed Infants

The period of complementary feeding represents a major portion of the 1000-day criticalwindowand thus impacts a period of substantial and dynamic infant development. This review highlights and synthesizes findings of several recent studies conducted to evaluate food-based strategies on outcomes related to micronutrient status, growth, and neurocognitive development. Particular emphasis is placed on interventions using meat or fortified products to impact iron and zinc intakes, because of the dependence of breast-fed infants on complementary food choices tomeet requirements for these 2 critical micronutrients. Regular consumption of modest amounts of meat or fortified cereals provides adequate absorbed zinc to meet estimated physiologic requirements, whereas homeostatic adaptation to lower zinc intake from unfortified cereal/plant staples is inadequate to meet requirements. Iron fortification of cereals may be somewhat more effective than meat to improve iron status, but neither prevents iron deficiency in breastfed infants, even in westernized settings. Improvements in the quality of complementary foods have had very modest effects on linear growth in settings where stunting is prevalent. Maternal education is strongly associated with both linear growth and with child neurodevelopment. The determinants of early growth faltering are more complex and intractable than ‘‘simple’’ dietary deficiencies. Solutions to growth faltering in young children most likely need to be multidimensional and almost certainly will need to start earlier than the complementary feeding period. Nutr Today. 2014;49(6):271Y277
Calcifying fibrous pseudotumour arising in a gastric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour

lymphoid follicular hyperplasia in the thymus adjacent to MNT. As description of the non-neoplastic thymus in previous case reports has been sparse, this may or may not represent a truly uncommon finding. Recently, in a series of 18 cases of MNT, Ströbel showed an abnormal over-expression of chemokines for dendritic cells, T cells and B cells and noted monoclonal expansion B-cell population in three cases of MNT showing features of low grade lymphoma (MALT). He concluded that abnormal chemokine expression in MNT can promote the recruitment of MALT, the emergence of monoclonal B cells and eventually the subsequent development of mediastinal lymphoma. Type AB thymoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of MNT. Its lymphocytic component contains epithelial cells, in contrast to the lymphocytic stroma of MNT which shows no epithelial cells. Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment, as for other types of thymoma. It is generally unproblematic and curative because most MNTs are encapsulated or minimally invasive (stage I and II of Masaoka). No recurrences or metastases have been reported in MNTs. In conclusion, two cases of rare thymoma are presented, with a particular association with lymphoid follicular hyperplasia in the non-neoplastic thymus in Case 2. To our knowledge, such an association has not been reported previously.
Late Breaking Abstracts From the 26th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC)

Steffen Walter*, Sabrina Kuttruff*, Andrea Mayer*, Oliver Schoor*, Joerg Ludwig*, Frank Mayerw, Erika Hitrez, Bernhard Roessler*, Dominik Maurer*, Verona Vass*, Juha Lindner*, Nina Pawlowski*, Claudia Trautwein*, Joern Dengjel*, Norbert Hilf*, Toni Weinschenk*, Juergen Frisch*, Carsten Reinhardt*, Harpreet Singh-Jasuja*. *Immatics Biotechnologies, Tuebingen, Germany; wUniversity of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; zNational Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary. To effectively treat cancer patients with T cell-based immunotherapy, T cells have to recognize peptides restricted by HLA molecules on tumors. For most of the published peptides it is unknown whether they are naturally presented or not. IMA910 is a novel peptide-based vaccine consisting of 10 HLA-A*02 binding and 3 HLA-DR binding tumor associated peptides (TUMAP), which were presented on colorectal tumors and were overexpressed in comparison to healthy tissues. 8 of the 10A*02-binding peptides had been confirmed to be naturally presented by peptide elution from surgically resected tumors and analysis by high-sensitivity mass spectrometry (XPRESIDENT approach). The two other A*02-binding peptides were chosen due to their characteristics described in literature. The multi-center clinical trial IMA910-101 enrolled 92 HLA-A*02+ advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients being at least clinically stable after 12 weeks of first-line oxaliplatin-based therapy. Patients were infused with a single low dose of cyclophosphamide (300mg/m) and repeatedly immunized intradermally (up to 16 vaccinations) with IMA910 in combination with GM-CSF (cohort 1; n=66) or IMA910 with GM-CSF plus topically applied imiquimod (cohort 2; n=26) as immunomodulators. Before and post vaccination patients were analyzed for T-cell responses to IMA910 HLA-A*02 and HLA-DR restricted peptides by HLA-multimer assay and intra-cellular cytokine (ICS) assay for CD8 T-cell responses and by ICS assay for CD4 T-cell responses. Tumor status of patients was monitored repeatedly by CT/MRI according to RECIST, corresponding tumor scans were reviewed centrally for assessment of disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). IMA910 overall was immunogenic in 75/80 (94%) evaluable patients. A moderate but significant effect of imiquimod treatment on the number of immune responses to IMA910 peptides as detected by the ICS assay was observed. Finally, we demonstrate significantly increased PFS and a trend for increased OS in patients with class I immune responses to multiple TUMAPs. Most interestingly, only immune responses to peptides confirmed to be naturally presented were significantly associated with OS. Responses to the two immunogenic peptides included from literature with unclear status of natural presentation did not correlate and actually diluted the overall correlation of immune response with clinical benefit. This latter finding suggests that peptide antigens confirmed to be naturally presented may be preferable for vaccination and immunomonitoring.
High-efficiency single-pass >100mW continuous-wave UV-355nm generation by focusing optimization of 1064nm cascaded third harmonic generation in periodically poled lithium niobate crystals

High-efficiency single-pass CW UV 355nm generation using PPLN has been studied under focusing optimization concept. Using a 25mm (1st order, SHG) PPLN crystal cascaded with a 10mm (3rd order, SFG) PPLN crystal and 3.8W 1064nm input pump, we have successfully generated >100mW CW 355nm output with good beam quality and power stability. As compared to previous publications and to other kind of nonlinear materials, maximum CW UV 355nm power generated from PPLN has been enhanced by a factor of 2~3, and the single pass conversion efficiency at 4W 1064nm input level has been enhanced by a factor of ~4.
An Integrative Network Modeling Approach to T CD4 Cell Activation

The adaptive immune response is initiated by the interaction of the T cell antigen receptor/CD3 complex (TCR) with a cognate peptide bound to a MHC molecule. This interaction, along with the activity of co-stimulatory molecules and cytokines in the microenvironment, enables cells to proliferate and produce soluble factors that stimulate other branches of the immune response for inactivation of infectious agents. The intracellular activation signals are reinforced, amplified and diversified by a complex network of biochemical interactions, and includes the activity of molecules that modulate the activation process and stimulate the metabolic changes necessary for fulfilling the cell energy demands. We present an approach to the analysis of the main early signaling events of T cell activation by proposing a concise 46-node hybrid Boolean model of the main steps of TCR and CD28 downstream signaling, encompassing the activity of the anergy factor Ndrg1, modulation of activation by CTLA-4, and the activity of the nutrient sensor AMPK as intrinsic players of the activation process. The model generates stable states that reflect the overcoming of activation signals and induction of anergy by the expression of Ndrg1 in the absence of co-stimulation. The model also includes the induction of CTLA-4 upon activation and its competition with CD28 for binding to the co-stimulatory CD80/86 molecules, leading to stable states that reflect the activation arrest. Furthermore, the model integrates the activity of AMPK to the general pathways driving differentiation to functional cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg). Thus, the network topology incorporates basic mechanism associated to activation, regulation and induction of effector cell phenotypes. The model puts forth a conceptual framework for the integration of functionally relevant processes in the analysis of the T CD4 cell function.
The Effect of Autistic Traits on Social Orienting in Typically Developing Individuals

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by wide ranging and heterogeneous changes in social and cognitive abilities, including deficits in orienting attention during early processing of stimuli. Investigators have found that there is a continuum of autism-like traits in the general population, suggesting that these autistic traits may be examined in the absence of clinically diagnosed autism. To provide evidence for the continuum of autistic traits in terms of social attention and to provide insights into social attention deficits in people with autism, the current study was conducted to examine the effect of autistic traits of typically developing individuals on social orienting using a spatial cueing paradigm. The typically developing individuals who participated in this study were divided into high autistic traits (HA) and low autistic traits groups using the Autism Quotient scale. All participants completed a spatial cueing task in which social cues (gaze) and non-social cues (arrow) were presented under different cue predictability conditions (predictive vs. non-predictive) with different SOAs (100 ms vs. 400 ms). The results showed that compared to low autistic individuals, high autistic individuals had less benefit from non-predictive social cues but greater benefit from non-social ones, providing evidence that such spatial attention impairment in high autistic individuals is specific to the social domain. Interestingly, the smaller benefit from non-predictive social cues in high autistic individuals was shown only in the 400 ms condition, not in the 100 ms condition, suggesting that their difficulties in orienting to non-predictive social cues may be caused by a deficiency in spontaneously effortful control processing.
Preparatory Template Activation during Search for Alternating Targets

Abstract Visual search is guided by representations of target-defining features (attentional templates). We tracked the time course of template activation processes during the preparation for search in a task where the identity of color-defined search targets switched across successive trials (ABAB). Task-irrelevant color probes that matched either the upcoming relevant target color or the previous now-irrelevant target color were presented every 200 msec during the interval between search displays. N2pc components (markers of attentional capture) were measured for both types of probes at each time point. A reliable probe N2pc indicates that the corresponding color template is active at the time when the probe appears. N2pcs of equal size emerged from 1000 msec before search display onset for both relevant-color and irrelevant-color probes, demonstrating that both color templates were activated concurrently. Evidence for color-selective attentional control was found only immediately before the arrival of the search display, where N2pcs were larger for relevant-color probes. These results reveal important limitations in the executive control of search preparation in tasks where two targets alternate across trials. Although the identity of the upcoming target is fully predictable, both task-relevant and task-irrelevant target templates are coactivated. Knowledge about target identity selectively biases these template activation processes in a temporally discrete fashion, guided by temporal expectations about when the target template will become relevant.
Mid-IR upconversion imaging: theory and applications

Upconversion imaging using a χ(2) material can conveniently be viewed as an optical filter known from Fourier optics. First part discusses the solution to Helmholtz Equation with a nonlinear source term representing the χ(2) interaction process. Assuming non-depleted interaction, an explicit solution can be found using Greens Function. In the far-field the solution is found in terms of a simple 3D Fourier integral. We will analyze a 4f-setup, with the nonlinear crystal situated in the Fourier plane, for upconversion imaging. While the results resembles the linear case known from standard imaging systems, χ(2) imaging has an additional phase match term, dictated by the dispersion and birefringence amongst the three interacting fields. Birefringent crystals can be implemented as the nonlinear medium to ensure phase matching, i.e. efficient conversion of the mid-IR signal to the visible. When interaction takes place in the fs regime, group velocity mismatch will be included. The main features of the theory is presented, including applications.