Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) on Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio: Anesthesia

The anesthetic efficacy of Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) powders was evaluated on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) The following concentrations (250, 350, 450) mg/liter were used in three replicates. During the experiment, the period required for partial and total anesthesia and the time required for partial and total recovery was tested, as well as the number of red and white blood cells after and before Anesthesia in addition to blood serum enzymes represented (ALP, GOT, GPT, CK, and LDH in Ul / l). The results showed that the least period of anesthesia occurred in the fourth treatment, the treatment with a concentration of 450 mg / l, as well as the least period required for recovery, while the recovery period was the longest. And anesthesia in the first treatment exposed to a concentration of 250 mg/liter, and it was not noticed that there was a significant difference between each the number of red blood cells, white blood cells in the test fish before the experiment and after treatment with valerian plants, as well as each of (ALP, GOT, GPT, CK, and LDH in Ul / l) There were no significant differences between all treatments before and after exposure to valerian, and it is concluded from the study that valerian is a safe plant for use in anesthetizing fish.
ALMA High-frequency Long-baseline Campaign in 2019: Band 9 and 10 In-band and Band-to-band Observations Using ALMA’s Longest Baselines

The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array high-frequency long-baseline campaign in 2019 (HF-LBC-2019) was arranged to undertake band 9 (690 GHz) and 10 (850 GHz) observations using the longest 16 km baselines in order to explore calibration feasibility and imaging capabilities. Observations were arranged using close calibrators between 0° and 4° from the target point-source quasars (QSOs) to also explore subtle effects of calibrator separation angle. A total of 13 observations were made, five using standard in-band observations and eight using the band-to-band (B2B) observing mode, where phase solutions are transferred from a lower frequency band. At bands 9 and 10, image angular resolutions as high as 7 and 5 mas were achieved, respectively. Both in-band and B2B experiments were successful in imaging the target QSOs but with varying degrees of quality. Target image coherence varied between 0.14 and 0.79, driven by the calibrator separation angle and effectiveness of phase referencing despite observing in correct stability conditions. We conclude that the phase rms conditions and calibrator selection, specifically separation angle from the target, must carefully be considered prior to observing in order to minimize imaging defects. For bands 9 and 10, in order to achieve a coherence >0.7 such that the image structure and source flux can be regarded as suitably accurate, a 1° separated calibrator should be used while the phase rms over the phase switching cycle time should ideally be <30°.
Evaluation of the Performance of the Makhmuor Villages Water Filtration Plant in Nineveh Governorate / Iraq

The current study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the Makhmuor villages water filtration plant and to ensure the validity of the water produced and delivered to the consumer. The physical, chemical and biological properties of the Tigris River water at the intake of the plant and at different stages of the plant and the water reaching the residential areas benefiting from the plant were studied. The studied samples were collected for a period of five months, monthly from July to November 2022. Temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulfates, phosphates, nitrates, pH, residual chlorine, and the total number of bacteria. And the total number of coli bacteria and the number of plankton. The results of the study showed that many samples conformed to the Iraqi and international specifications for drinking water, except for turbidity, as it exceeded the permissible limit in most samples, which is less than 5 (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit) NTU, and dissolved oxygen reached 4.4 and 4.8 mg / liter in the Tigris River for the month of August and water Liquefaction in the villages for the months of July and September, respectively, as well as 4.4 mg/L in the automated sedimentation and filtration ponds and the village 2 for the month of November. The biological requirement for oxygen in seven samples in different locations for the months of October, August and November was 0.1 mg/L and the highest value was 6.4 mg/L in basin 2 in October. And nitrates were in low concentrations. As for residual chlorine, all tests were free of any percentage of it, except for the month of November, when it was in the plant tank 2 mg / liter and in the two villages 0.3 mg / liter. Thus, the number of bacteria increased and appeared in all samples throughout the study period.
Search for Ultra-high-energy Photons from Gravitational Wave Sources with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A search for time-directional coincidences of ultra-high-energy (UHE) photons above 10 EeV with gravitational wave (GW) events from the LIGO/Virgo runs O1 to O3 is conducted with the Pierre Auger Observatory. Due to the distinctive properties of photon interactions and to the background expected from hadronic showers, a subset of the most interesting GW events is selected based on their localization quality and distance. Time periods of 1000 s around and 1 day after the GW events are analyzed. No coincidences are observed. Upper limits on the UHE photon fluence from a GW event are derived that are typically at ∼7 MeV cm−2 (time period 1000 s) and ∼35 MeV cm−2 (time period 1 day). Due to the proximity of the binary neutron star merger GW170817, the energy of the source transferred into UHE photons above 40 EeV is constrained to be less than 20% of its total GW energy. These are the first limits on UHE photons from GW sources.
The Dimorphos Boulder Swarm

We present deep Hubble Space Telescope images taken to examine the ejecta from the DART spacecraft impact into asteroid Dimorphos. The images reveal an extensive population of comoving boulders, the largest of which is ∼7 m in diameter (geometric albedo 0.15 assumed). Measurements of 37 boulders show a mean sky-plane velocity dispersion of 0.30 ± 0.03 m s−1, only slightly larger than the 0.24 m s−1 gravitational escape velocity from the Didymos–Dimorphos binary system. The total boulder mass, M b ∼ 5 × 106 kg (density 2200 kg m−3 assumed), corresponds to about 0.1% of the mass of Dimorphos, and the boulders collectively carry about 3 × 10−5 of the kinetic energy delivered by the DART spacecraft impact. The sky-plane distribution of the boulders is asymmetric, consistent with impact into an inhomogeneous, likely rubble-pile, body. Surface boulder counts on Didymos show that the observed boulder swarm could be ejected from as little as 2% of the surface of Dimorphos (for example, a circular crater at the impact point about 50 m in diameter). The large, slow-moving boulders are potential targets to be investigated in situ by the upcoming ESA HERA mission.
Investigating the Efficiency of (Alhagi graecorum) Plant in Accumulating some Heavy Metals

This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of the alhagi plant in adsorbing and accumulating heavy metals in the plant that grows naturally on both sides of the highway extending between the cities of Diwaniyah and Baghdad, passing through the city of Hilla. Plants grow 50 meters away on the sides of the main highway. The results showed that the lead concentration in the shoot and root system was higher than the permissible limit. The highest lead concentration was in Baghdad’s soil, and the lowest was in Diwaniyah. It is attributed to the momentum and traffic density of the city of Baghdad. The cadmium concentration in the shoots was less than the permissible limit, while it was higher in the root shoots, and the highest concentration appeared in the soil of Baghdad city. The cadmium concentration was less concentrated than the rest of the studied elements, lead, zinc, and nickel. The results showed that nickel was less than the permissible limit in the vegetative and root system. The zinc concentration in shoots was higher than the permissible limit, except in the soils of Hilla and Diwaniya at the right and left sides, respectively, it was less than the permissible limit. As for its concentration in the root system, it was higher than the permissible limit, except for the soil of Al-Diwaniyah city on the right side. The concentrations of the studied elements in the root system were higher than in the shoot system. The results of the plant pollution standards showed that the values of the bio concentration factor and the bioaccumulation factor for all studied elements are less than the value of one, which means that the alhagi plant is not considered one of the plants that accumulate heavy elements. Therefore, it is of limited benefit for the vegetative reclamation of soils contaminated with the studied heavy elements, except for the zinc element, as its values were between 0.1-10, which indicates that the sedum plant is a moderate accumulation of the zinc element. The results also present that the values of the local transmission coefficient for all the studied elements are more significant than the value of one. It indicates the movement and transfer of all elements from the root to the vegetative system.
Evaluation of the Performance of Agricultural and Related Departments and the Extent of Job Satisfaction for Employees in Anbar Governorate-Iraq

Functional performance is an important factor for providing service to farmers, and thus increasing the efficiency of agricultural production, leading to self-sufficiency of agricultural products. The study aimed to identify the performance of employees of agriculture and related departments in Anbar Governorate, as well as to identify the extent of their job satisfaction and its impact on their job performance, as well as to evaluate the performance of agricultural departments to provide the required service to farmers. The questionnaire was prepared to achieve the objectives of the study with a number of (196) employees and researchers. The SPSS program was used in analyzing the data. The results of the study indicated an average rate of 2.03 for each of the sources of information, also an average satisfaction rate of 2.04, and an attitude towards training at a rate above average of 2.49, as well as performance at a rate of high above the average of 3.49. The results indicated that most of the employees’ ages are young and with little service, and in the sources it was found that the source of friends and neighbors is the best. services to customers. The results indicated that there is a positive relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable, when using Pearson’s correlation coefficient at a significant level of 0.01. The need for the training to be related to the course of the job in which the employee is currently working, to raise his job efficiency.
Nonmodal Analysis of Temporal Transverse Shear Instabilities in Shallow Flows

Shallow flows are those whose width is significantly larger than their depth. In these types of flows, two dimensional coherent structures can be generated and can influence the flow greatly by the lateral transfer of mass and momentum. The development of coherent structures as a result of flow instabilities has been a topic of interest for environmental fluid mechanics for decades. Studies on the use of linear modal stability analysis is commonly found in literature. However, the relatively recent development in the field of hydrodynamic stability suggests that the traditional linear modal stability analysis does not describe the behaviour of the perturbations in finite time. The discrepancy between asymptotic behaviour and finite time behaviour is particularly large in shear driven flows and it is most likely to be the case for shallow flows. This study aims to provide a better understanding of finite time growth of perturbation energy in shallow flows. The three cases of shallow flows evaluated are the mixing layer, jet and wake. The critical cases are obtained through the linear modal analysis and nonmodal analysis was conducted to show the transient behaviour in finite time for what is so-called marginally stable. Finally, the thesis concludes by generalizing the finite time energy growth in the S-k space.
A note on the boundary of the joint numerical range

ABSTRACT Let H be a complex Hilbert space and let be an n-tuple of self-adjoint operators on H. The joint numerical range of is the set By a result of Li and Poon, the closure of , denoted by , is star-shaped with each point in the joint essential numerical range of a star centre. In this note, we give a few observations about the boundary of and basing on their results.
Two-dimensional gravity–capillary solitary waves on deep water: generation and transverse instability

Two-dimensional (2-D) gravity–capillary solitary waves are generated using a moving pressure jet from a 2-D narrow slit as a forcing onto the surface of deep water. The forcing moves horizontally over the surface of the deep water at speeds close to the minimum phase speed $c_{min}=23~\text{cm}~\text{s}^{-1}$ . Four different states are observed according to the forcing speed. At relatively low speeds below $c_{min}$ , small-amplitude depressions are observed and they move steadily just below the moving forcing. As the forcing speed increases towards $c_{min}$ , nonlinear 2-D gravity–capillary solitary waves are observed, and they move steadily behind the moving forcing. When the forcing speed is very close to $c_{min}$ , periodic shedding of a 2-D local depression is observed behind the moving forcing. Finally, at relatively high speeds above $c_{min}$ , a pair of short and long linear waves is observed, respectively ahead of and behind the moving forcing. In addition, we observe the transverse instability of free 2-D gravity–capillary solitary waves and, further, the resultant formation of three-dimensional gravity–capillary solitary waves. These experimental observations are compared with numerical results based on a model equation that admits gravity–capillary solitary wave solutions near $c_{min}$ . They agree with each other very well. In particular, based on a linear stability analysis, we give a theoretical proof for the transverse instability of the 2-D gravity–capillary solitary waves on deep water.
Fermi-LAT Studies of Globular Clusters.

We analyse 30 Galactic globular clusters ( GC ) located off the Galactic plane, using 8 years of Pass 8 Fermi-LAT data in the range 60 MeV - 300 GeV with the analysis down to lower energy being performed for the first time. We refine the prior detections of 5 GC, 47 Tuc, NGC 6093, NGC 6218, NGC 6752 and NGC 7078. We also detect NGC 6254 for the first time. NGC 6093 and NGC 6218 exhibit flat hard spectra in the range 1 - 10 GeV. The lack of a spectral cut-off between 1-4 GeV in NGC 6093 and NGC 6218, suggests other sources of gamma ray emission apart from millisecond pulsars may be important in these GCs.
Gray-Scale Image Dehazing Guided by Scene Depth Information

Combined with two different types of image dehazing strategies based on image enhancement and atmospheric physical model, respectively, a novel method for gray-scale image dehazing is proposed in this paper. For image-enhancement-based strategy, the characteristics of its simplicity, effectiveness, and no color distortion are preserved, and the common guided image filter is modified to match the application of image enhancement. Through wavelet decomposition, the high frequency boundary of original image is preserved in advance. Moreover, the process of image dehazing can be guided by the image of scene depth proportion directly estimated from the original gray-scale image. Our method has the advantages of brightness consistency and no distortion over the state-of-the-art methods based on atmospheric physical model. Particularly, our method overcomes the essential shortcoming of the abovementioned methods that are mainly working for color image. Meanwhile, an image of scene depth proportion is acquired as a byproduct of image dehazing.
All-optical mode and wavelength converter based on parametric processes in a three-mode fiber

We demonstrate, both experimentally and numerically, all-optical mode and wavelength conversion both within the C-band and between the C- and L-bands. This is achieved by exploiting phase-matched inter-modal four-wave-mixing processes among the spatial modes of a three-mode fiber. By increasing the number of spatial modes supported by the fiber and tailoring their dispersion profile, it is envisaged that broadband operation over widely separated wavelength bands can be achieved in a single multi-mode fiber using this method.
Generalised clusterwise regression for simultaneous estimation of optimal pavement clusters and performance models

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on clusterwise regression (CR) approach for modelling of pavement performance. CR simultaneously clusters the data and estimates the associated models. Previous studies using CR approach have a few limitations: (1) the explanatory power of variables used in the analyses was not tested; (2) the approach could not find the optimal number of clusters; (3) the objective function was to minimise the sum of squared errors, which is not the best to seek for the optimal number of clusters; (4) the model functional form was restricted to be either linear or nonlinear. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a generalised mathematical programme and solution algorithm within the CR framework. Bayesian Information Criteria was used as the objective function. The proposed approach explored all possible combinations of potential significant explanatory variables to select the best model specification. The potential multicollinearity issues in the models were addressed if required. Both linear and nonlinear functional forms were estimated using a large dataset in Nevada. Predictive accuracy of the resultant models was evaluated using root-mean-square error (RMSE), normalised RMSE, and mean absolute errors. The results showed that the nonlinear models were more accurate than the linear models in estimating present serviceability index.
Sliding mode control for uncertain switched systems subject to state and input delays

This paper considers sliding mode control for a class of uncertain switched systems with state and input delays. In the control systems, each subsystem is not required to share the same input channel, which is usually assumed in previous works. By employing a weighted sum of the input matrices, a common sliding surface is designed. The sliding surface includes a predictor to compensate for the input delay of the control systems. To guarantee the asymptotic stability of the sliding motion, a switching signal based on the min-projection strategy is proposed. Moreover, it is shown that the state trajectories can be driven onto the specified sliding surface despite the presence of state and input delays and external disturbances. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Adaptive state feedback control for switched stochastic high‐order nonlinear systems under arbitrary switchings

This paper studies the adaptive state feedback control for a class of switched time‐varying stochastic high‐order nonlinear systems under arbitrary switchings. Based on the common Lyapunov function and using the inductive method, virtual controllers are designed step by step and the form of the input signal of the system is constructed at the last. The unknown parameters are addressed by the tuning function method. In particular, both the designed state feedback controller and the adaptive law are independent of switching signals. Based on the designed controller, the boundness of the state variables can be guaranteed in probability. Furthermore, without considering the Wiener process or with the known parameter in the assumption, adaptive finite‐time stabilization and finite‐time stabilization in probability can be obtained, respectively. Finally, numerical simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Analysis of multiscale methods for time‐harmonic Maxwell's equations

We shortly revisit the Heterogeneous Multiscale Method (HMM) for the time‐harmonic Maxwell's equations in locally periodic media as introduced in [1]. The optimal a priori bounds in the H(curl) and H−1 norm predicted theoretically are justified by a numerical example in this contribution. The setting consists of a periodic inverse permeability, inspired by [2], and as reference solution a computation on a fine (well‐resolved) grid is used. (© 2016 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Efficient evaluation of angular power spectra and bispectra

Angular statistics of cosmological observables are hard to compute. The main difficulty is due to the presence of highly-oscillatory Bessel functions which need to be integrated over. In this paper, we provide a simple and fast method to compute the angular power spectrum and bispectrum of any observable. The method is based on using an FFTlog algorithm to decompose the momentum-space statistics onto a basis of power-law functions. For each power law, the integrals over Bessel functions have a simple analytical solution. This allows us to efficiently evaluate these integrals, independently of the value of the multipole ℓ. In particular, this method significantly speeds up the evaluation of the angular bispectrum compared to existing methods. To illustrate our algorithm, we compute the galaxy, lensing and CMB temperature angular power spectrum and bispectrum.
Study of the Transition from MRI to Magnetic Turbulence via Parasitic Instability by a High-order MHD Simulation Code

Magnetic turbulence in accretion disks under ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) conditions is expected to be driven by the magneto-rotational instability (MRI) followed by secondary parasitic instabilities. We develop a three-dimensional ideal MHD code that can accurately resolve turbulent structures, and carry out simulations with a net vertical magnetic field in a local shearing box disk model to investigate the role of parasitic instabilities in the formation process of magnetic turbulence. Our simulations reveal that a highly anisotropic Kelvin–Helmholtz (K–H) mode parasitic instability evolves just before the first peak in turbulent stress and then breaks large-scale shear flows created by MRI. The wavenumber of the enhanced parasitic instability is larger than the theoretical estimate, because the shear flow layers sometimes become thinner than those assumed in the linear analysis. We also find that interaction between antiparallel vortices caused by the K–H mode parasitic instability induces small-scale waves that break the shear flows. On the other hand, at repeated peaks in the nonlinear phase, anisotropic wavenumber spectra are observed only in the small wavenumber region and isotropic waves dominate at large wavenumbers unlike for the first peak. Restructured channel flows due to MRI at the peaks in nonlinear phase seem to be collapsed by the advection of small-scale shear structures into the restructured flow and resultant mixing.