Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A photographic simulation of insect vision

Photography allows for a convenient representation of the visual information that is present in our world. However, the way in which stimuli are sensed, and subsequently perceived, is dependent upon the specific spectral and spatial sensitivities of a visual system. False colour infrared imaging allows a scientific photographer to record long-wavelength information not normally visible to humans, and display this visual information within the human colour spectrum. Many animals, for example, the honeybee (Apis mellifera), see the world through completely different sensory mechanisms than human subjects. This is both because the optics of compound eyes in insects are different than the single lens eyes of humans, and because these insects have trichromatic colour vision based upon different photoreceptors than humans. In this study, a photographic representation of insect vision is created by simulating both the spatial and colour properties of honeybee vision.
Moderate-Intensity Endurance Training Improves Endothelial Glycocalyx Layer in Healthy Young Men

In this study we have evaluated the effect of 20-weeks of moderate-intensity endurance training (ET) on the endothelial glycocalyx layer integrity in relation to the training-induced changes in antioxidant defence. Eleven healthy young, untrained men performed an incremental cycling exercise until exhaustion before and after 20 weeks of ET. Endurance training consisted of 40minute sessions, mainly of moderate-intensity (~50% of VO2max), performed 4 times per week. Venous blood samples were taken at rest and at the end of the maximal exercise test. Muscle biopsies from vastus lateralis were taken before and after the training. ET resulted in a significant increase in physical capacity (P<0.05) as reflected by an increase in power output (PO) reached at lactate threshold and at the maximal oxygen uptake. Training led to a decrease (P<0.05) in basal and end-exercise concentrations of blood markers of glycocalyx damage (syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate). The lowering of glycocalyx shedding after the ET was accompanied by an attenuation of oxidative stress as evidenced by a decrease in basal plasma isoprostanes concentration and by an increase in antioxidant defence reflected by an enhancement in superoxide dismutase 2 protein content in vastus lateralis (P<0.05). In contrast, training did not induce a significant increase in basal nitrite/nitrate plasma concentration (P>0.05). Moderate-intensity ET exerts a pronounced protective effects on the endothelial glycocalyx integrity at rest and during exercise, probably through an
Anglo-Saxon England and the Irish Sea region AD 800-1100 : an archaeological study of the Lower Dee and Mersey as a border area

This thesis is a detailed archaeological survey of a north-western border area of Anglo-Saxon England the Lower Dee and Mersey (East Clwyd, West Cheshire, Merseyside and South Lancashire) set within an analysis of the economic, social and political relationships between later Anglo-Saxon England and the Irish Sea region. A comprehensive archaeological gazetteer of individual site surveys, together with full descriptive catalogues of finds and hoards, is located at the end of the thesis and acts as a principal source of reference. This regional study is approached within the context of international research issues in medieval archaeology, in particular the rise of towns and trade (1). The documentary evidence for the period 800-1100 in the area of case-study is reassessed (2), leading to revisions in the emphasis of the historical record and stressing the Anglo-Welsh relationship as of particular historical importance. The topography and settlement of the area is discussed in detail (3), and the theme of urbanrural interdependency is further demonstrated in focusing on the topography and economy of the burhs (4). Further analysis of the database follows; artefacts (5), hoards and coinage (6), including a wide-ranging survey of the use of coinage and silver in the Irish Sea region (6.6). The role of economic activity from the 5th to 10th centuries in the Celtic West/Irish Sea region is discussed as a background to trade and urbanism in north-west England (7). The social context of Late Saxon and Viking settlement and exchange is explored (8), leading to a comprehensive reappraisal of the chronology and development of Late Saxon and Viking activity in the Irish Sea region. This, it is suggested, may stand as a detailed regional counterpart to Europe-wide research themes in medieval archaeology. Copyright © 1991 by David Wyn Griffiths The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without David Wyn Griffiths's prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged.
Improving the annotation of the cattle genome by annotating transcription start sites in a diverse set of tissues and populations using CAGE sequencing

Understanding the genomic control of tissue-specific gene expression and regulation can help to inform the application of genomic technologies in farm animal breeding programmes. The fine mapping of promoters (transcription start sites [TSS]) and enhancers (divergent amplifying segments of the genome local to TSS) in different populations of cattle across a wide diversity of tissues provides information to locate and understand the genomic drivers of breed- and tissue-specific phenotypes. To this aim we used Cap Analysis Gene Expression (CAGE) sequencing to define TSS and their co-expressed short-range enhancers (<1kb) in the ARS-UCD1. 2_Btau5. 0.1Y reference genome (1000bulls run9) and analysed tissue- and population specificity of expressed promoters. We identified 51,295 TSS and 2,328 TSS-Enhancer regions shared across the three populations (Holstein, Charolais x Holstein and Kinsella beef composite [KC]). In addition, we performed a comparative analysis of our cattle dataset with available data for seven other species to identify TSS and TSS-Enhancers that are specific to cattle. The CAGE dataset will be combined with other transcriptomic information for the same tissues generated in the BovReg project to create a new high-resolution map of transcript diversity across tissues and populations in cattle. Here we provide the CAGE dataset and annotation tracks for TSS and TSS Enhancers in the cattle genome. This new annotation information will improve our understanding of the drivers of gene expression and regulation in cattle and help to inform the application of genomic technologies in breeding programmes.
The role of cine magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of uterine contractility in patients with deep infiltrating endometriosis

Imaging evaluation is a frequent and essential practice in the clinical management of female infertility and for the guidance of infertile couples. The investigation of the most common causes of female infertility includes the characterization of congenital anomalies of uterine morphology, by transvaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); the evaluation of tubal patency by hysterosalpingography and magnetic resonance hysterosalpingography; and the evaluation of ovarian reserve and other clinical conditions, such as endometriosis, adenomyosis
LABORATORY STUDY OF TRANSPORT OF FINE SAND

Laboratory tests were conducted to define the relationships between the transport of fine sand and the flow variables. Data from 105 experiments with sand bed material having a median sieve diameter of 0.1 mm in a 100-ft (30.48 m)-long by 4-ft (1.22 m)-wide recirculating flume show that the concentration of the transported material depends in a rather complex, but consistent way on the basic flow variables. A graphical relationship between the concentration and the flow discharge per unit of channel width defines consistent curves of equal depth and readily delineates the various bed form regimes. A similitude analysis of published transport data for coarser sands suggests a single curve for concentration versus Froude number for each median sediment size. However, the data for the 0.1-mm material suggest separate curves of concentration versus Froude number for the different bed form regimes. The data for depths less than or equal to 0.7 ft (0.21 m) define a continuous relationship like that for coarser sands, but the data for deeper depths define an extended plane bed curve segment that has not been observed for coarser material.
Growth and characteristics of perovskite CH3NH3PbBr3 crystal for optoelectronic applications

Abstract A simple low-temperature evaporation technique for growing single crystals of methyl ammonium lead tribromide [CH3NH3PbBr3] with characterization emphasis on optical and electrical properties is described. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was conducted to investigate the structural quality of resulting crystals. Optical properties were measured to determine optical band-gap, refractive index and extinction coefficient. Electrical properties were measured for understanding dominant polarization coefficient over wide range of frequencies at ambient temperatures to generate information for defect screening and device performance.
Recommendations for finite element modelling of nickel-titanium stents—Verification and validation activities

The objective of this study is to present a credibility assessment of finite element modelling of self-expanding nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) stents through verification and validation (VV) activities, as set out in the ASME VV-40 standard. As part of the study, the role of calculation verification, model input sensitivity, and model validation is examined across three different application contexts (radial compression, stent deployment in a vessel, fatigue estimation). A commercially available self-expanding Ni-Ti stent was modelled, and calculation verification activities addressed the effects of mesh density, element integration and stable time increment on different quantities of interests, for each context of use considered. Sensitivity analysis of the geometrical and material input parameters and validation of deployment configuration with in vitro comparators were investigated. Results showed similar trends for global and local outputs across the contexts of use in response to the selection of discretization parameters, although with varying sensitivities. Mesh discretisation showed substantial variability for less than 4 × 4 element density across the strut cross-section in radial compression and deployment cases, while a finer grid was deemed necessary in fatigue estimation for reliable predictions of strain/stress. Element formulation also led to substantial variation depending on the chosen integration options. Furthermore, for explicit analyses, model results were highly sensitive to the chosen target time increment (e.g., mass scaling parameters), irrespective of whether quasistatic conditions were ensured (ratios of kinetic and internal energies below 5%). The higher variability was found for fatigue life simulation, with the estimation of fatigue safety factor varying up to an order of magnitude depending on the selection of discretization parameters. Model input sensitivity analysis highlighted that the predictions of outputs such as radial force and stresses showed relatively low sensitivity to Ni-Ti material parameters, which suggests that the calibration approaches used in the literature to date appear reasonable, but a higher sensitivity to stent geometry, namely strut thickness and width, was found. In contrast, the prediction of vessel diameter following deployment was least sensitive to numerical parameters, and its validation with in vitro comparators offered a simple and accurate (error ~ 1–2%) method when predicting diameter gain, and lumen area, provided that the material of the vessel is appropriately characterized and modelled.
A sub-chronic feeding study of dual toxin insect-resistant transgenic maize (CEMB-413) on Wistar rats

Genetically modified (GM) crops expressing insecticidal crystal proteins are widely accepted worldwide, but their commercial utilization demands comprehensive risk assessment studies. A 90-day risk assessment study was conducted on Wistar rats fed with GM maize (CEMB-413) expressing binary insect-resistant genes (cry1Ac and cry2Ab) at low (30%) and high (50%) dose along with a control diet group. The study used fifty Wistar rats randomly distributed in five treatment groups. Our study revealed that compared to controls, GM diet had no adverse effects on animal’s health, including body weight, food consumption, clinical pathological parameters, serum hormone levels and histological parameters of testes and ovaries of rats. Differences were observed in transcripts levels of fertility related genes, but these were independent of treatment with GM diet.
Head and Neck Necrotizing Fasciitis: Abbreviated SOFA Score Associated With Death and Infection Spread

Abstract Objective Describe features unique to head and neck (H&N) necrotizing fasciitis (NF) compared to other anatomic regions and specify a prognostic score associated with death and descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM). Study Design Retrospective cohort. Setting Tertiary care, level 1 trauma center. Methods A single‐institution database identified 399 confirmed cases of NF between 2006 and 2021, 33 of which involved the H&N. Patients with confirmed H&N NF were sorted into cohorts based on clinical outcomes, with the “poor” outcomes group defined by death and/or DNM. Results Thirty‐three patients with H&N NF were included. Compared to NF of other regions, patients with H&N NF had a significantly lower mortality rate (6.06% vs 20.8%, p = .041) and significantly lower rates of obesity (27.3% vs 63.7%, p < .001) and hypertension (42.4% vs 60.9%, p = .038). Within the H&N group, there were 2 deaths (6.06%) and 8 cases of DNM (24.2%). Diabetes was associated with poor outcomes (p = .047), as was an abbreviated sequential organ failure assessment score for necrotizing fasciitis (nfSOFA) of 2 or greater (p = .015). Conclusion H&N NF is unique among other forms of NF, with a lower mortality rate and lower rates of obesity and hypertension in affected patients. Within the H&N cohort, worse outcomes were associated with diabetes as well as a nfSOFA score of 2 or greater. Timely surgical debridement alongside broad‐spectrum antibiotics remains the mainstay of treatment for NF; however, this simple prognostic score may play a role during the early stages of care for patients with H&N NF.
Online Communities in Saudi Arabia: An Ethnographic Study

This paper presents part of a research project about online communities in Saudi Arabia. The paper will address one of the research sub-questions, that is: What are the key features of participation in online communities in Saudi Arabia? The results presented in this paper are drawn from one of the techniques of data collection used in this research, that is, silent observation, which was conducted over a one-year period. In addition, the paper will discuss briefly the research design, including the research procedures. In its final section, some of the findings from this part of the project are presented.
The Informational Content of the Embedded Deflation Option in TIPS

We estimate the value of the embedded option in U.S. Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS). The embedded option value exhibits time variation that is correlated with periods of deflationary expectations. We construct embedded option explanatory variables that are statistically and economically significant for explaining future inflation, even in the presence of traditional inflation variables such as lagged inflation, the gold return, the crude oil return, the VIX return, liquidity, surveys, and the yield spread between nominal Treasuries and TIPS. After conducting robustness tests, we conclude that the TIPS embedded option contains useful information for future inflation.
VALVULAR AND STRUCTURAL HEART DISEASES Original Studies Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Intra-aortic Balloon Pump Use Is Associated With Higher Short and Long Term Mortality After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A PARTNER Trial Substudy

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with the balloonexpandable Sapien transcatheter heart valve improves survival compared to standard therapy in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and is noninferior to surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) in patients at high operative risk. Nonetheless, a significant proportion of patients may require pre-emptive or emergent support with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and/or intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) during TAVR due to preexisting comorbid conditions or as a result of procedural complications. Objectives: We hypothesized that patients who required CPB or IABP would have increased
Divisions of Research & Statistics and Monetary Affairs Federal Reserve Board , Washington , D . C . Combining Forecasts From Nested Models

Motivated by the common finding that linear autoregressive models forecast better than models that incorporate additional information, this paper presents analytical, Monte Carlo, and empirical evidence on the effectiveness of combining forecasts from nested models. In our analytics, the unrestricted model is true, but as the sample size grows, the data generating process converges to the restricted model. This approach captures the practical reality that the predictive content of variables of interest is often low. We derive MSE-minimizing weights for combining the restricted and unrestricted forecasts. Monte Carlo and empirical analyses verify the practical effectiveness of our combination approach. JEL Nos.: C53, C52
effects of Screening on radical Prostatectomy efficacy : the Prostate cancer intervention Versus Observation trial

Background The Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study Number 4 (SPCG-4) trial showed that radical prostatectomy (RP) reduced prostate cancer deaths with an absolute mortality difference (AMD) between the RP and watchful waiting arms of 6.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.2% to 12.0%) after 15 years. In the United States, the Prostate Cancer Intervention Versus Observation Trial (PIVOT) produced an AMD of 3% (95% CI = −1.1% to 6.5%) after 12 years. It is not known whether a higher frequency of screen detection in PIVOT explains the lower AMD.
Burning, then resting, reduces wiregrass (Aristida spp.) in black speargrass pastures

Wiregrasses (Aristida spp.) are becoming more prevalent, causing reduced productivity, in the black speargrass (Heterpogon contortus) pastures of south-east Queensland. Burning a native pasture of poor botanical composition (with a high proportion of wiregrass) in spring, and resting a heavily-grazed pasture also of poor composition, both improved the condition of these pastures. However, burning in late summer did not. Three months after burning in spring, relative density of wiregrass had decreased and that of a desirable species, black speargrass, had increased. However, this effect did not persist under continuous and heavy grazing. Resting increased threefold both the yield of pasture and the proportion of black speargrass, and decreased the proportion of wiregrass by two-thirds. Burning in late summer had no effect on the relative density of black speargrass but relative density of wiregrass increased. Selective grazing after burning in late summer kept this pasture in very poor condition for 14 months. These results suggest that the best way to increase the proportion of black speargrass and reduce the proportion of wiregrass in a pasture would be to burn in spring and then rest the pasture
Reservoir sedimentation handbook : design and management of dams, reservoirs, and watersheds for sustainable use

Introduction. Reservoirs and Sustainable Development. Engineering Features of Dams and Reservoirs. Concepts of Reservoir Limnology. Sediment Properties. Erosion. Sediment Yield from Watersheds. Fluvial Morphology and Sediment Sampling. Hydraulics of Sediment Transport. Sediment Deposits in Reservoirs. Modeling of Sediment Transport and Deposition in Reservoirs. Reduction of Sediment Yield. Sediment Routing. turbid Density Currents. Flushing. Sediment Excavation. Decommissioning of Dams. Environmental and Regulatory Issues. Case Study: Cachi Hydropower Reservoir, Costa Rica. Loize Reservoir Case Study. Gebidem Dam and Reservoir. North Fork Feather River, California, U. S. A. Case Study: Sefid-Rud Reservoir, Iran. Case Study: Sanmenxia Reservoir. Case Study: Heisonglin Reservoir, China. References. Index.
Origin and Tectonic Significance of the Metamorphic Sole and Isolated Dykes of the Divriği Ophiolite (Sivas, Turkey): Evidence for Slab Break-off prior to Ophiolite Emplacement

The Late Cretaceous Divrigi ophiolite of east-central Anatolia comprises, from bottom to top, an ophiolitic melange, metamorphic sole and remnants of oceanic lithosphere. The ophiolitic melange has been thrust onto the Lower Carboniferous-Campanian Munzur Limestone (Tauride platform), and is in turn tectonically overlain by the metamorphic sole. The metamorphic-sole rocks are represented by amphibolite, plagioclase amphibolite, plagioclase-amphibole schist, plagioclase-epidote-amphibole schist and calc-schist. The oceanic-lithosphere remnant exhibits a complete section, excluding volcanic rocks, comprising mantle tectonites, ultramafic to mafic cumulates, isotropic gabbros and sheeted dykes. Isolated dykes intrude the metamorphic sole and mantle tectonites at different structural levels. The metamorphic-sole rocks beneath the Divrigi ophiolite can be divided into two groups with distinct geochemical features. The first group is tholeiitic (Nb/Y=0.07-0.18), whereas the second group is alkaline (Nb/Y=1.77-3.48) in chemistry. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns, N-MORB-normalized spider diagrams and tectonic discrimination diagrams suggest that the protolith of the first group was similar to island-arc tholeiitic basalts, whereas the protolith of the second group was more akin to within-plate alkali basalts. The isolated dykes cutting the metamorphic sole and the mantle tectonites exhibit alkaline (Nb/Y=0.68-2.11) character and are geochemically similar to within-plate alkaline basalts. The geochemical evidence suggests that the Late Cretaceous Divrigi ophiolite formed in a suprasubduction zone tectonic setting to the north of the Tauride platform. During intraoceanic subduction/thrusting, the IAT type and seamount-type alkaline basalts were metamorphosed and accreted to the base of the Divrigi ophiolite. The alkaline isolated dykes were probably the result of late-stage magmatism fed by melts that originated within an asthenospheric window due to slab break-off, shortly before the emplacement of the Divrigi ophiolite onto the Tauride platform to the south.
Targeting HSP90 with picropodophyllin suppresses gastric cancer tumorigenesis by disrupting the association of HSP90 and AKT

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Thus, the development of safe and effective therapeutic compounds for GC treatment is urgently required. Here, we aimed to examine the role of picropodophyllin (PPP), a compound extracted from the rhizome of Dysosma versipellis (Hance) M. Cheng ex Ying, on the proliferation of GC cells. Our study revealed that PPP inhibits the proliferation of GC cells in a dose‐dependent manner by inducing apoptosis. Moreover, our study elucidated that PPP suppresses the growth of GC tumor xenografts with no side effects of observable toxicity. Mechanistically, PPP exerts its effects by blocking the AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway; these effects are markedly abrogated by the overexpression of constitutively active AKT. Furthermore, drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) revealed that heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) may be a potential target of PPP. Surface plasmon resonance and immunoprecipitation assay validated that PPP directly targets HSP90 and disrupts the binding of HSP90 to AKT, thereby suppressing GC cell proliferation. Thus, our study revealed that PPP may be a promising therapeutic compound for GC treatment.