Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differences in the degree of environmental control on large and small tropical plants: just a sampling effect?

1 Tropical rain forest tree species are commonly perceived to have more generalized habitat distributions than understorey species. However, the correspondence between floristic patterns in large trees and smaller understorey plants in relation to environmental differences has rarely been investigated. Comparative analyses are complicated by the fact that tree data are often much more noisy, with higher overall species richness and poorer spatial and temporal representation of species composition within sampling plots. 2 Using data on trees and pteridophytes collected in 1125 plots located within 6 km2 of lowland rain forest in Costa Rica, we asked: (i) Is there evidence that trees are more generalized in their edaphic and topographic distributions than pteridophytes, and (ii) How much might differences in sampling efficiency affect the results? 3 We ran community‐level analyses using Mantel tests, and for the five most frequent tree and pteridophyte species we ran logistic regression analyses of species occurrence. To investigate the influence of differing sampling efficiency, the analyses were repeated with four rarefied pteridophyte data sets approximating key structural features of the tree data set. 4 Differences in community composition in trees and in all pteridophyte data sets were most strongly correlated with environmental differences in the same five soil variables. The most frequent species in both plant groups had non‐random edaphic and topographic distributions. 5 Both Mantel correlations and the predictive performance of single species models (AUC values) were higher for the full pteridophyte data set than for trees, but these differences were much reduced after pteridophyte rarefaction. 6 The performance of the species occurrence models calibrated with rarefied pteridophyte data appeared poor when tested on rarefied data. However, their performance in predicting occurrences in the full data set was usually moderate (AUC > 0.70). This suggests that the tree species models may also predict species’ potential habitat distributions better than is apparent from their AUC values. 7 Synthesis. Our results indicate that rain forest trees and pteridophytes may respond to mesoscale environmental variation in qualitatively similar ways, but that trees will appear much more generalized in their response to the environment unless differences in sampling efficiency are taken into account.
The creative process explored: artists’ views and reflections

Abstract The creative process continues to occupy the minds of countless philosophers, psychologists and academics. While it is relevant to a range of fields of practice, artists who enact the creative process have attracted attention as far back as the early Greek philosophers Aristotle and Plato. Since that time there have been numerous theories as to the stages involved in the creative process, with recent research arguing that to date, there is still no consensus as to how to best understand or develop a model relevant to artists. In order to contribute to the discourse, this paper focuses on 339 artists from a range of disciplines and countries who voluntarily completed a survey inviting them to consider various aspects of their creative process. The findings reveal that it is complex in nature, and that it involves a range of factors, both internal and external. While internal factors such as inspiration, experimentation and sustained effort feature strongly, external factors such as the work of peers and audiences have a significant role to play. For some artists, there is also recognition of a divine influence on their process. While this research reveals a range of insights into the creative process as applied to artists, it also highlights the potential for numerous areas of inquiry in order to further understand this complex area of practice.
Relationship between Attitudes to Child Nursing College Students Perceived Punishment, Child Abuse Awareness and Knowledge.

Background/Objectives: This study was conducted to present the basic data for developing education programs for nursing students through correlation research between the awareness and knowledge of child abuse and the attitude toward child corporal punishment for nursing students, and to contribute to the development of customized education programs by grade.Methods/Statistical analysis: The subjects of this study were 200 nursing students in first and second grade of a university located in D city. Data collection was conducted from Oct 1 to Oct 30, 2018.With the collected data, using SPSS Program.Findings: As a result, the awareness of child abuse had a statistically significant difference in grade, completion of child abuse prevention education, and completion of education related to child abuse after entrance.Improvements/Applications: In conclusion, in order to increase the awareness and knowledge of child abuse of nursing students and to cultivate their attitude toward child corporal punishment which is unallowable, it is thought that the indirect experience through the curriculum and non-curriculum of child nursing science of department of nursing will be helpful.
The Lichen Vegetation of Acid Watercourses in England

Abstract The lichen vegetation of forty-five acid watercourses in England is described and related to ecological variables. The zonation scheme adopted for chalk and limestone streams that involves four overlapping bands of lichen vegetation related to length of submergence is also appropriate for this habitat. The flora involves around 90 species, a number of which are rarely recorded specialists. Evidence is presented that substratum chemistry is a more powerful ecological factor than water chemistry. An attempt has been made to relate the lichen flora to homogeneous stream segments from the headwaters down to the alluvial lowlands. An investigation into the effects of water quality showed that both suspended solids (silting) and eutrophication are highly deleterious to the lichen flora; the submerged and fluvial mesic zones are the first to be affected. The zonation across streams in England is compared with those reported from Germany and found to be closely similar.
The Factors Influencing Fatigue Related to the Accident of Intercity Bus Drivers in Indonesia

As a developing country, Indonesia pursues advancement through rapid infrastructure expansion. However, in the transportation sector, safety is still a serious problem and requires attention. Road accidents in Indonesia with a high fatality mostly involve intercity buses. Most of the accidents are reportedly caused by human error, typically caused by a fatigued driver. To understand the factors that influence general fatigue (F), three variables—subjective workload (WL), need for recovery (NR), and emotional intelligence (EI)—are discussed by considering time on task and time of day as factors. To assess the perceptions of 298 intercity bus drivers, this research was conducted using a questionnaire. There are statistically significant differences in the NR ( p = 0.001) and EI level ( p = 0.001) among the time on task group (less than three hours, three to five hours, and longer than five hours) but not for the WL. Meanwhile, for the time of day group (driving in the morning, afternoon, and at night) there are no significant differences of WL ( p = 0.161), NR ( p = 0.795), and EI level ( p = 0.271). A Tukey post hoc test revealed that the NR and is statistically significantly higher for a duration longer than three hours ( p = 0.025 and p = 0.000). Binomial logistic regression was run to understand the influence of WL, NR, and EI on subjective fatigue level, categorized into fatigue (1) and alert (0). The Hosmer–Lemeshow test showed that the model fit the data well, p = 0.673. The variables NR ( p = 0.08) and EI ( p = 0.020) statistically significantly predict general fatigue subjectively. Based on these results, EI and NR are suggested as factors that should be analyzed further concerning the issue of fatigue-related accidents. Both factors should also be considered in company’s fatigue management system.
In-depth analysis of an alternate-stage Prymnesium polylepis (Haptophyta) bloom and long-term trends in abundance of Prymnesiales species in the Baltic Sea

In late autumn/winter 2007, high abundances of the alternate-stage Prymnesium polylepis were observed in many Baltic Sea areas, attaining bloom concentrations in spring 2008. To understand long-term variability in Prymnesiales density, we analysed changes in the abundance of different size classes of Prymnesiales using a long-term time series (1985-2008) for an inshore-offshore gradient in the northern Baltic proper. Further, to understand environmental conditions contributing to the P. polylepis bloom, we examined environmental factors associated with the increase in Prymnesiales abundances by placing the bloom dynamics within the context of temporal and spatial environmental variability over the last decades in the Baltic Sea. Significantly increasing abundances were found for larger size classes of Prymnesiales (6-10 mu m and >10 mu m) but not for the smaller species (Prymnesiales 10 mu m) that tolerate low annual NO2+NO3 concentrations. Thus, long-term trends in increase in abundance, as well as changes in the relative contributions of species within these potentially toxic haptophytes, are likely to be the result of interacting changes in temperature and nutrient conditions since the late 1980s.
Response to the letter to “MTHTR 677C‐T polymorphism is not excluded as maternal risk for Down syndrome among Turkish women”

Wehave read the letter to the editor byMartinez-Frias et al. with interest. There are few points we would like to emphasize on. We are well aware that type II error, beta is important in evaluating risk factors in epidemiological case-control studies. We, therefore, included as many cases as possible (152 mothers) and reached the number in a similar study population as reported by Hobbs et al. [2000], in which MTHFR677C>T andMTRR66A>Gwere found to be related with increased risk for having a child with Down syndrome. These two studies had the largest sample sizes up to the date of our submission. Wealso found itmore relevant to comment on the hypothesis test results (P values) rather than the confidence intervals.We strongly believe that our data along with others will provide valuable information for future meta-analyses. It is also noteworthy to state that this study also failed to demonstrate a relationship between MTHFR1298A>C polymorphismandMTHFR677C>T,whichwereevaluated for the first time [Boduroğlu et al., 2004]. Finally, the results of this studydo correlatewith ourprevious report evaluatingMTHFR 677C>T among parents of Turkish children with neural tube defects [Boduroğlu et al., 1999]. This may point out an ethnic difference concerning the Turkish population. REFERENCES
"No piracy talk": how online brand communities work to denormalize controversial gaming practices

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explain how online brand communities work to support the denormalization of controversial (i.e. illegal yet normalized) gaming practices.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative study was characterized by long-term immersion in an online brand community for Brazilian Xbox gamers. The dataset includes online and offline interactions with community members, interviews, and online archival data.FindingsThis study shows how online brand community members promoted legal gaming in a market where piracy was prevalent. It demonstrates how community members worked to establish coherence; engaged in cognitive participation; developed collective action that extended beyond the community; and reflected on their own work.Research limitations/implicationsThis study identifies online brand communities as a potential ally in combating controversial practices in online gaming; complements individual and behavioral approaches in explaining why consumers adopt controversial practices in online environments; and adds a normalization framework to the toolkit of Internet researchers.Practical implicationsThis study identifies ways in which the potential of online brand communities can be leveraged to reduce consumer adherence to controversial gaming practices through denormalizing these and normalizing alternative practices that may be more desirable to companies and other stakeholders.Originality/valueThis long-term, qualitative study inspired by normalization process theory offers an innovative perspective on the online practices of consumers who engage with a brand in ways that create value for themselves and for the brand.
Age, Growth, and Mortality of the Red Porgy, Pagrus pagrus

Abstract Scales and otoliths of the red porgy, Pagrus pagrus, sampled from the North Carolina and South Carolina headboat fishery were examined to determine if they could be used for aging the species. Both structures were satisfactory, but because of regeneration and false annuli, only 54% of the fish examined could be aged by scales. Ages could be determined from a larger percentage of the otoliths, but preparation and examination was time-consuming. Maximum age of fish collected was XV; maximum total length was 694 mm. Growth occurred from about mid-March to November. Back-calculated mean lengths ranged from 176 mm at end of year 1 to 640 mm at the end of year 15. Total mortality estimates, based on catch curves from over 13,000 fish, ranged from 32 to 55%. The length-weight relationship is described by the equation W = 0.00002524L2. 8939, where W is weight in grams, and L is total length in millimeters.
Does the Morphological Structure of L1 Equivalents Influence the Processing of L2 Words? Evidence from Arabic-English Bilinguals

Objective. The current study aims at investigating if the morphological structure of the first language (L1) equivalents affects the processing of second language (L2) words. Materials & Methods. To this end, 400 Arabic-English bilinguals of two levels of language proficiency completed a free recall task and a discrete word association task in their L2. The stimuli represented cases of lexical matches and mismatches. Results. The results of the free recall task showed a facilitation effect for lexical matching in one comparison for the participants with lower proficiency while lexical matching led to an inhibitory effect in two comparisons for the participants with higher proficiency. Additionally, the participants with higher proficiency generally recalled more words than the participants with lower proficiency, and recalled monomorphemic words significantly differently than multi-morphemic words in one comparison. As for the results of the word association task, they failed to reveal significance for word type or language proficiency when association strength was considered. Only when the number of associations was considered, a facilitatory effect for lexical matching was observed in one comparison among the participants with lower proficiency. Conclusions. The results generally support the claim that L2 learners exhibit sensitivity to the morphological structure of L1 words. The results also lend support to the interaction model of morphological processing and the bilingual lexicon models that highlight the influence of language proficiency on language processing.
Ecomorphology, Performance Capability, and Scaling of West Indian Anolis Lizards: An Evolutionary Analysis

Studies of ecomorphology–the relationship among species between morphology and ecology–contain two implicit and rarely tested hypotheses: (1) that morphological differences among species result in differences in performance capability at ecologically relevant tasks, which, in turn, produce differences in behavior and ecology; and (2) that morphology, performance capability, ecology and behavior have evolved synchronously. I tested these hypotheses using the Anolis lizards of Jamaica and Puerto Rico. I measured morphological and performance variables on recently caught lizards. Movement, display rate and microhabitat measurements were made on lizards observed in the field. Body size explained most of the variation in morphology and performance ability, but was not correlated with the ecological or behavioral variables. When the effect of body size is removed from the morphological and performance variables, the ecomorphological hypotheses were confirmed. Species that were similar morphologically were also .
COPING STRATEGIES AND THE DIMENSIONS OF ATTACHMENT IN STUDENTS

The paper focuses on the relationship between the dimensions of affective attachment and a three-dimensional model of coping strategies (problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping and avoidance: distraction and social diversion). To analyze this problem, the Coping in Stressful Situations questionnaire (CISS, Endler & Parker, 1990) along with the Questionnaire for Attachment Assessment (UPIPAV -R, Hanak, 2004; Hanak 2011) was used on a sample of 152 students of the Faculty of Philosophy. The results indicate the existence of significant correlations between coping strategies and the dimensions of attachment. Specifically, there is a negative correlation between problem-focused coping and unresolved family trauma, fear of using an outside secure base and a negative working model of self, while there is a positive correlation with the ability to mentalize. There is a positive correlation between emotion-focused coping and distraction strategies, and fear of using an outside secure base, a negative working model of self and negative working model of others, and poor anger management where there is a positive correlation between emotion-focused coping and unresolved family trauma. Finally, there is a negative correlation between social diversion and unresolved trauma, and a negative working model of self and a positive one between fear of using an outside secure base. The results of the regression analysis indicate that the aforementioned dimensions of affective attachment, as predictors explain 21,1% of the variance of problem-focused coping, 13,3% of the variance of the distraction strategy, 24,6% of the variance of the strategy of social diversion, and as much as 49,9% of the variance of emotion-focused coping. Even though drawing any conclusions requires a greater sample, we could say that the participants are more prone to maladaptive coping if they display more pronounced dimensions of affective attachment typical of insecure patterns of attachment (a negative working model of self and a negative working model of others, unresolved family trauma, fear of using an outside secure base and poor anger management).
Mating and dispersal behaviour of Scirpophaga incertulas and Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) in relation to resistance management for rice transformed with Bacillus thuringiensis toxin genes

Information on the mating and dispersal behaviour of the rice stem borers Scirpophaga incertulas and Chilo suppressalis is necessary for the design of resistance management strategies for rice varieties genetically engineered with toxin genes from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). We investigated whether S. incertulas and C. suppressalis move from the site of adult eclosion before mating to determine the likelihood that random mating will occur between adults eclosing in fields of Bt rice and refuge fields of non-Bt rice. Observations were made under laboratory, screenhouse and field conditions. Almost all S. incertulas males and females flew out of sight after cuticle expansion and hardening, as did most C. suppressalis. Approximately 15% of C. suppressalis females called and mated within 3 m of the site of eclosion, and approximately 5% of C. suppressalis males mated within 5 m of the site of eclosion. These results suggest that random mating is likely to occur between S. incertulas eclosing in Bt rice fields and nearby refuge fields. Although a small proportion of C. suppressalis did not move far before mating, random mating of moths from Bt and nearby refuge fields is also likely to occur in this species if Bt-resistant moths are rare.
Selected Properties of Polyphenol Oxidase Obtained from Ispir Sugar Bean

Polyphenol oxidase enzyme was isolated from Ispir sugar bean by ammonium sulphate precipitation and its biochemical properties were investigated. For this purpose, KM and Vmax values for optimum conditions of pH, temperature, and ionic strength were determined for catechol, catechin, and chlorogenic acid as substrates. Enzyme activities were measured spectrophotometrically at 420 nm using the same substrates at optimum conditions. KM values were found to be 2.4875, 1.3154, and 2.2487 M for catechol, catechin, and chlorogenic acid, respectively. Vmax values were 3.1480, 0.6130, and 0.5039 EU/ml.min for the same substrates, respectively. These results indicated that catechol was used as a subsrate for inhibition studies. For catechol substrate, dithiothreitol, glutathione, thiourea, and L-cysteine chlorid were inhibitors. For these inhibitors, Ki constants were calculated from Lineweaver-Burk plots and inhibiton types were estimated. Moreover, I50 values were also determined. The most effective inhibitor was found to be glutathione.
Bioactive chemical constituents produced by endophytes and effects on rice plant growth

We investigated the bioactive potential of fungal endophytes isolated from the roots of Glycine max (L.) Merr. and Cucumis sativus. Initial screening results showed that endophytes, (Chrysosporium pseudomerdarium, Aspergillus fumigates and Paecilomyces sp., Penicillium sp., Phoma glomerata, and Paecilomyces formosus) were promoting the growth attributes (shoot length, chlorophyll contents, and biomass) of mutant and wild-type rice. To know whether, these endophytes were producing bioactive chemical constituents; the endophytes were grown in potato dextrose, czapek broth, and ICI mediums that resulted in varying mycelia biomass. The advance chromatographic analysis of endophytic fungal culture filtrate showed gibberellins (GA) production namely GA1 (0.05–10.55 ngml−1), GA3 (0.48–9.0 ngml−1), GA4 (0.2–8.0 ngml−1), GA7 (1.4–6.5 ngml−1), and GA9 (0.03–1.05 ngml−1) while among endophytes, P. glomerata and P. formosus were highly potent in GAs production. Additionally, the endophyte's culture also contained indole-3-acetic acid (0.23–71.51 µgml−1). Furthermore, oxalic (0.009–0.3 mgl−1), quinic (0.019–0.22 mgl−1), malic (1.94–17.2 mgl−1), and citric (0.012–0.95 mgl−1) acids were also present in the endophytic cultures. The biochemical potential of endophytes greatly varied depending on nutrient source and pH, however, czapek broth rich in carbon revealed higher potential for bioactive chemical constituent's production. In conclusion, the current findings suggest that endophyte can play a vital role in essential crop plant growth by synthesizing a wide array of bioactive metabolites. Furthermore, an increased production of chemical constituents can be achieved by changing the in vitro growth conditions of endophytes
Efeito da enzima fitase nas rações de frangos de corte, durante as fases pré-inicial e inicial

Foram criados 1.080 pintos de corte machos, no periodo de 1 a 7 e 8 a 21 dias de idade, para estudar os efeitos da fitase nas racoes sobre o desempenho. Utilizaram-se duas racoes experimentais para cada fase, sendo a primeira formulada por uma empresa integradora de frangos de corte (E-1) e a segunda sugerida pela empresa fornecedora da enzima (E-2). Os tratamentos foram: T1 e T4 - racao sem adicao da enzima e T2 e T3 - racao com fitase. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, num arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 (duas racoes e dois niveis de enzima), com nove repeticoes e trinta aves por parcela. A enzima foi adicionada na quantidade de 100 g/t de racao. Houve diferenca significativa (P<0,01) entre tratamentos para ganho de peso e conversao alimentar para as fases pre-inicial e inicial, sendo os melhores resultados obtidos com a E-1 com adicao de enzima, mostrando a importância da fitase em racoes com frangos de corte quanto ao desempenho dos animais.