Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Raising the Bar for Theories of Categorisation and Concept Learning: The Need to Resolve Five Basic Paradigmatic Tensions

ABSTRACT In the past two decades, human categorisation research has achieved significant progress via the rigorous and systematic study of concepts in terms of category structures and their families. The importance of these structure families stems from evidence suggesting that learning and categorisation performance are not only limited by low- and high-level generalisation mechanisms but by the inherent nature of the environmental and mental stimuli entertained by observers during the concept learning process. In this paper, we propose a new direction for concept learning and categorisation research based on several dual paradigmatic tensions that hinge on the inherent nature of the components of stimuli, limitations of the innate abilities of the observer to process such components, and the relationship between the two. The tensions range from the various possible properties and constraints of the dimensions underlying categories of object stimuli to various notions of supervised learning capable of significantly altering concept learnability. The substantial extant literature on concept learning research indicates that rigorous empirical investigations targeting these tensions are either non-existent or, at best, severely lacking despite their ecological significance. We shall argue that future theory building about concept learning should attempt to resolve these tensions and that without the proper empirical and theoretical focus on them, concept learning research will fail to achieve its ultimate goals anytime soon.
Performance of Greenhouse-Grown Beit Alpha Cucumber in Pine Bark and Perlite Substrates Fertigated with Biofloc Aquaculture Effluent

Using aquaculture effluent (AE) to fertigate plants is gaining popularity worldwide. However, in substrate-based systems, the choice of substrate is essential due to their effects on crop productivity. Differences in the retention of nutrients by substrates makes it necessary to assess suitability for use in AE. This study was conducted from January to July in 2016 and September to October in 2019 to evaluate greenhouse-grown Beit Alpha cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. ‘Socrates’) performance fertigated with AE in pine bark or perlite substrates, grown either as one plant or two plants per pot. A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with four replications for each season was used. The substrate effect on yield in 2016 depended on the density and season. The pooled yield over seasons in 2016 showed pine bark had a significantly higher yield than perlite by 11% in one plant per pot but lowered by the same amount in two plants per pot. In 2019, pine bark significantly reduced the leachate pH in both plant densities and reduced the leachate EC by about 15% in two plants per pot. The foliar boron was occasionally below sufficiency whilst manganese was above sufficiency in pine bark due to its inherently low pH. We conclude that the effect of the substrates on cucumber yield fertigated with AE is dependent on the season and the number of plants per pot. Therefore, due to the local availability of pine bark, it could be a potential substitute for perlite especially when using one plant per pot for AE. In addition, pine bark could be used as an intermediate substrate to reduce the pH in AE for downstream use.
The Effect of Perceived Gratitude From Others on Work Engagement

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of perceived gratitude from others on work engagement, adjusting for possible confounders: job demands, job resources (supervisor/coworker support), personal resources (resilience), and gratitude trait. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted a secondary analysis of data from previously published research. Work engagement was measured using the Japanese version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. An original one-item questionnaire measured perceived gratitude from others. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted. Results: Hierarchical linear regression showed a significant association between perceived gratitude and work engagement even after controlling for the covariates of occupations, job demands, supervisor support, coworker support, resilience, and gratitude trait (N = 206). Conclusions: The association between perceived gratitude and work engagement was independent of job demands, job/personal resources, and gratitude trait, suggesting the direct association.
Genotypic and haplotype analysis of Interleukin-6 and -18 gene polymorphisms in association with clinicopathological factors in breast cancer.

Cytokines are multifunctional glycoproteins that play a vital role in the tumor microenvironment and progression of breast cancer. Genetic polymorphisms may influence the immune responses restrained by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in tumors. Hence, the present study evaluated the contribution of Interleukin (IL) 6 (rs1800797, rs1800796, and rs1800795) and IL18 (rs1946518, rs187238, and rs549908) genotypes and their haplotypes to the risk, progression of breast cancer in South Indian population. The polymorphisms of IL6 -597G > A, -572C > G & -174G > C, and IL18 -607C > A, -137G > C, 105A > T were genotyped through PCR-RFLP and As-PCR assays in the blood DNA of 600 subjects. We have performed haplotype, LD, univariate, multivariate logistic regression, and Kaplan-Meier analyses for the obtained data. The frequency of AA genotype & A-allele of IL6 -597G > A, and CC genotype & C-allele of IL6 -174G > C polymorphism was higher in breast cancer patients and was found to be significantly associated with late (advanced) stage, metastasis, etc. Further, IL18 -607C > A, -137G > C, and 105A > T polymorphisms were found to be associated with lobular carcinoma subtype, PgR -ve, and HER2 +ve breast cancer patients. In survival analysis, we have observed that the C-allele of IL6 -174G > C polymorphism to be significantly associated with 5 years of overall survival in breast cancer subjects. All SNPs of the IL6 and IL18 genes showed perfect LD; the G-C-C, A-G-G, and A-C-C haplotype combinations of IL6 gene conferred 2.09, 2.25, and 4.72 folds risk for breast cancer respectively. Hence, our results suggest the importance of genotypic and haplotype analysis of IL6 and IL18 gene variants in the progression and risk prediction of breast cancer.
Antihypertensives and COVID-19: Literature review

Hypertensive patients with COVID-19 are susceptible to complications of the disease, so this study aimed to analyze the action of drugs that act on Angiotensin (TA) in the presence of COVID-19 in comparison with other antihypertensives, as well as to identify the main ones. evidence on the subject presented so far. It is an integrative literature review containing 34 articles selected according to the inclusion criteria, between January / 2020 to February / 2021, in the PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The results do not show a causal relationship between the increase in COVID-19 infection and the use of RAAS inhibitors, but a possible protective effect of these against the severe manifestation of the disease due to the inhibition of the pro-inflammatory diseases of AT II. Thus, about ⅔ of the studies defended the continuity of use and the protection factor of RAAS blockers to the detriment of the other classes of antihypertensive drugs that do not modulate RAAS. It was found, then, that antihypertensive treatment should be maintained, as it does not worsen the prognosis in the face of Sars-CoV-2 infection. However, the studies are mainly observational and, therefore, cannot establish strong causal relationships. For this reason, robust randomized controlled trials are needed to better understand this topic.
Social impact assessment and (realist) evaluation: meeting of the methods

ABSTRACT In this paper we reflect on the interlinkages between social impact assessment and evaluation and, in particular, realist evaluation. To examine the connections between these fields of practice we draw on recent research in the South Island of Aotearoa New Zealand, in which we linked social impact assessment and elements of realist evaluation in the study of rural and small-town regeneration. We use the research to identify a number of connections and to make suggestions regarding greater convergence of methods in social impact assessment and evaluation. We conclude by urging social impact assessment practitioners to use mixed methods, with a stronger emphasis on qualitative approaches, and especially to work with communities in an iterative way towards a conceptual basis for assessing and managing change and enhancing social wellbeing.
Effect of burnishing on Inconel 718 workpiece surface heated by infrared radiation

ABSTRACT Roller burnishing process is a post-machining surface finishing technique that has an advantage over other finishing processes, such as shot blasting or abrasive-tooling processes, because of its simplicity and excellent results (both improved surface finish and improving the mechanical properties of the material). Roller burnishing allows you to eliminate the part grinding step. Nickel super alloys, in turn, including the Inconel 718 have wide application in the aerospace industry due to their high fatigue strength and their ability to work at elevated temperatures. The Inconel 718 shows a predominantly austenitic matrix (γ phase), which under the burnishing process trends to produce an increase in hardness and residual stress. This paper is the result of research on the influence of the conventional roller rolling process at room temperature and at 310°C on a turned part of Inconel 718. Results of surface roughness, roundness deviation, microhardness, residual stress, and deformation of the material under a load of 850 N were analyzed. The obtained results prove the improvement of the material properties after the roller burnishing process: lower values of surface roughness, higher roundness deviation in conventional burnishing, higher surface hardness and higher compressive residual stress in hot burnished specimen.
Effect of livestock manure on soil microbial and nutrient dynamics in zaï cropping systems of the Sahel

The zaï cropping system that involves precision manure placement in small excavated soil pits is designed to restore the productivity of encrusted and degraded soils of the Sahel. However, there is little information on the effectiveness of zaï cropping to improve soil quality, particularly as to how it relates to manure sources. Therefore, our objective was to determine the effect of manure type on plant nutrient availability and soil microbial activity in relation to crop productivity. The experiment had a randomized block design with the following treatments with all manure amendments applied at 6 Mg ha−1: 1) sheep (Ovis aries), 2) goats (Capra hircus), and 3) cattle (Bos indicus) manures; 4) an equal mix of all three manures; and 5) a control with no manure amendment ‐ after which sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) was planted. Soil samples (0–20 cm) were taken from zaï pits at the sorghum boot stage and analyzed for a suite of plant‐available nutrients, microbial composition, and enzyme activities. The results showed that the zaï system with manure amendments significantly increased soil pH, plant‐available nitrogen by three‐fold, and phosphorus by two‐fold over the control. Goat or mixed manure amended soils had significantly higher enzyme activities than sheep or cattle manure. Manure type also shifted the EL‐FAME biomarkers for bacteria, fungi, and protozoa indicating a more favorable copiotrophic environment in manure amended soils. zaï cropping systems amended with the higher quality or the mixed manure had greater microbial responses, nutrient availability, and crop productivity than the lower quality manure.
Paid informal care within Swedish eldercare: prevalence, change and variation among Swedish municipalities 2006–2016

ABSTRACT This study analysed the prevalence of, change and variation in paid informal care as a policy strategy within Swedish municipal eldercare (n = 165) in 2006 and 2016. The results showed that the share of municipalities with this policy has declined since 2006, with just over half of the municipalities offering paid informal care in 2016. Among these municipalities, the practical use of this policy was limited in comparison to ordinary home-care services. Efforts to explain why some municipalities were more likely to have a system of paid informal care than others, were only partially successful, only identifyinga few significant municipal factors that together explained a limited share of the variation among the municipalities. The results raise questions relating to the way these policies are understood/used by municipalities and how older people and their informal caregivers are affected by the way in which the question of paid informal care is handled at the local level.
Study on quinolone accumulation and growth inhibition induced by quinolone levels of hydroponics

Residual antibiotics can enter soil and water bodies through organic fertilizers with food safety risk via plants absorption, while how do plant growth and quinolone accumulation respond to residual antibiotics levels in soil or water is not clear. Hydroponic experiment in greenhouse was conducted with floating seedlings of tobacco as model plant to investigate the responses of quinolone antibiotics accumulation and plant growth to different levels of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and norfloxacin (NOR). Results showed that CIP and NOR inhibited the growth of tobacco seedlings. The plant height, stem circumference, maximum leaf width, and maximum leaf area of tobacco seedlings were significantly decreased. So as to the plant biomass of leaves, stems, and roots. Accumulation of CIP in the tobacco seedlings in the T3 was 1.1 times that of the tobacco seedlings in the T1, NOR in the T4 was 1.2 times that of the tobacco seedlings in the T1. And the higher the concentration, the more significant the inhibitory effect. Both antibiotics can be absorbed and accumulated by tobacco seedlings. Additionally, the inhibitory effect of CIP was greater than that of NOR.
Heterogeneous polydentate mobile chelating node to detect breach in surveillance sensor network

Nature inspired algorithms are common in routing and security in mobile wireless sensor networks (WSN). While most of the existing algorithms are bio‐inspired, chemistry inspired security algorithms are rare. Chelation is a chemical process where a molecule forms two or more bonds with an atom or a molecule to hold it strongly. Analogous to this chemical process, a chelating node in a mobile WSN is defined as a mobile node that forms more than one logical association with another node. The paper uses mobile polydentate chelating node, which uses multiple heterogeneous logical linkages with a rogue node, to ascertain non‐friendly behavior of a node to ensure detection and removal. The multiple linkage processes are based on challenge‐response using public key infrastructure, integrity of routing algorithm, routing table fidelity and data path tracking. This n‐dentation ensures detection of captured nodes as well as nodes planted by adversaries. The paper demonstrates the applicability of this process for a mobile WSN‐based border surveillance where the number of attacks is high and varied in its pattern. The proposed approach reduces false negative as well as false positive detection by its n‐modular redundancy. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of this scheme.
Comparative Effectiveness of Lifestyle Intervention on Fasting Plasma Glucose in Normal Weight Versus Overweight and Obese Adults With Prediabetes

Background. It is hypothesized that normal weight individuals develop diabetes through different pathophysiological mechanisms and that methods of prevention may differ in the absence of overweight/obesity. In this study, we compared the effect of lifestyle health coaching (LHC) on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in normal weight, overweight, and obese US adults with prediabetes. Methods. Subjects were 1358 individuals who completed baseline and follow-up evaluations as part of an LHC program (follow-up = ~6 months). Participants were stratified, based on baseline body mass index (BMI), into normal weight (n = 129), overweight (n = 345), and obese (n = 884) cohorts. LHC included counseling, predominantly via telehealth, on exercise and nutrition. Results. BMI decreased (P < .001) in the overweight and obese participants but was unchanged in the normal weight participants. FPG decreased (P < .001) in all 3 cohorts, and the magnitude of decrease did not differ significantly among cohorts. FPG decreased to <5.6 mmol/L in 58.1%, 49.3%, and 41.4% of the normal weight, overweight, and obese participants, respectively. Conclusions. To our knowledge, this study is the first outside of Asia to show that LHC is as effective in managing FPG in normal weight adults with prediabetes versus those who are overweight/obese.
Parameter Dependencies of a Biomechanical Cervical Spine FSU - The Process of Finding Optimal Model Parameters by Sensitivity Analysis

The knowledge about the impact of structure-specific parameters on the biomechanical behavior of a computer model has an essential meaning for the realistic modeling and system improving. Especially the biomechanical parameters of the intervertebral discs, the ligamentous structures and the facet joints are seen in the literature as significant components of a spine model, which define the quality of the model. Therefore, it is important to understand how the variations of input parameters for these components affect the entire model and its individual structures. Sensitivity analysis can be used to gain the required knowledge about the correlation of the input and output variables in a complex spinal model. The present study analyses the influence of the biomechanical parameters of the intervertebral disc using different sensitivity analysis methods to optimize the spine model parameters. The analysis is performed with a multi-body simulation model of the cervical functional spinal unit C6-C7.
Quantifiers satisfying semantic universals are simpler

Despite wide variation among natural languages, there are linguistic properties thought to be universal to all or almost all natural languages. Here, we consider universals at the semantic level, in the domain of quantifiers, which are given by the properties of monotonicity, quantity, and conservativity. We investigate whether these universals might be explained by differences in complexity. We generate a large collection of quantifiers, based on a simple yet expressive grammar, and compute both their complexities and whether they adhere to these universal properties. We find that quantifiers satisfying semantic universals are less complex: they have a shorter minimal description length.
Recent trends in summer atmospheric circulation in the North Atlantic/European region: is there a role for anthropogenic aerosols?

The variability of the westerly jet stream and storm track is crucial for summer weather and climate in the North Atlantic/European region. Observations for recent decades show notable trends in the summer jet from 1970s to 2010s, characterized by an equatorward migration over the North Atlantic accompanied by a poleward migration and weakening of the Mediterranean jet over Europe. These changes in atmospheric circulation were associated with more cyclonic storms traveling across the UK into northern Europe, and fewer over the Mediterranean, leading to wet summers in northern Europe and dry summers in southern Europe.In this study we investigate the potential drivers and processes that may have been responsible for the observed changes in summer atmospheric circulation, with a particular focus on the role of anthropogenic aerosols (AA). We conduct attribution experiments with an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) forced with observed changes in sea surface temperatures/sea ice extent (SST/SIE), greenhouse gas concentrations and AA precursor emissions. Comparison between the model results and observations strongly suggests that fast responses to AA changes were likely the primary driver of the observed poleward migration and weakening of the Mediterranean jet, with changes in SST/SIE playing a secondary role. The simulated response shows good agreement with the observed changes in both magnitude and vertical structure, which suggests that common mechanisms - involving aerosol-radiation and aerosol-cloud interactions - are responsible. By contrast, changes in the North Atlantic jet are influenced in the model experiments by changes in both Atlantic SST/SIE (which may themselves have been influenced by changes in AA) and fast responses to AA. In this case, however, there are significant differences between the model response and the observed changes; we argue these differences may be explained by biases in the model climatology.
Biochemical and Organoleptic Assessment of Asian Stinging Catfish (Heteropnuestes fossilis) in Two Storage Conditions

The proximate composition, rigor-index, organoleptic quality, and pH of Asian stinging catfish stored at iced condition (SIC) and stored at ambient temperature (SAT) were studied. Rigor mortis for both ice and ambient temperature started immediately after death and the rigor-index was maximum 82.35 % and 63.42% at 4 hrs and 8 hrs storage in SIC and SAT, respectively. Fish SIC showed a remarkably extended maximum rigor-index period of 14 hrs and 2 hrs in fish SIC and SAT, respectively. Fish SIC showed post-rigor period for upto 30 hrs, it was shorter in fish SAT for 18 hrs, though in both storage the rigor-index of the fish did not ceased completely. The moisture, protein, lipid, and ash content of fresh, SIC and SAT fish were 77.30%, 75.57%, and 78.81%, 15.04%, 15.34%, and 14.42%, 6.10%, 6.30%, and 3.47%, 1.99%, 2.67%, and 2.95%, respectively. The initial pH of fresh fish muscle was 6.89 which decreased to 6.32 and 6.12 after 18 hrs in fish Original Research Article Salma et al.; AFSJ, 20(7): 27-37, 2021; Article no.AFSJ. 69218 28 SIC and SAT, respectively. The organoleptic quality assessment was in acceptable condition up to 12 days in fish SIC whereas a very short period of 10 hrs at fish SAT. Considering the findings of present study, it is highly recommended to store Asian stinging catfish at iced condition for maintaining shelf-life and quality.
Surface analysis for proteomics via liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry

Liquid extraction surface analysis (LESA) is an ambient ionisation technique which allows direct analysis of surfaces coupled with mass spectrometry. LESA mass spectrometry has been used successfully to analyse small molecules, but there are a limited number of examples where the approach has been applied to protein analysis. The work presented here aims to develop novel applications of LESA mass spectrometry of proteins. LESA mass spectrometry was used to analyse intact proteins from polymeric membranes. The rationale for these experiments was the potential application to analyse proteins electroblotted following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, i.e. top-down proteomics, and in air monitoring. The subsequent focus was dried blood spot (DBS) analysis. An automated LESA based trypsin digestion protocol was developed and coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to enable DBS proteomics. i.e., untargeted global protein identification via a bottom-up approach. Approaches for DBS proteomics (in the absence of LESA) were explored further using conventional digestion procedures coupled with protein depletion. LESA was also applied for targeted analysis of proteins from DBS, to determine variants of alpha-1-antitrypsin. Finally, native LESA mass spectrometry was developed to analyse non-covalent complexes from dried surfaces. Native LESA mass spectrometry successfully identified the haemoglobin tetramer directly from DBS.