Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The barometer tremolite + tschermakite + 2 albite = 2 pargasite + 8 quartz: Constraints from experimental data at unit silica activity, with application to garnet-free natural assemblages

Abstract Garnet is notably absent in mafic to felsic lithologies, in low-P metamorphic terranes, and in Mg-rich bulk compositions in high-P regionally metamorphosed terranes. In the absence of garnet, existing mineral barometers cannot be applied for estimating metamorphic pressure. A new garnet-free, hornblende- plagioclase barometer has been formulated based on the reaction tremolite + tschermakite + 2 albite = 2 pargasite + 8 quartz. The intra- and cross-site mixing parameters for hornblende were retrieved exclusively from experimental data in the P-T window 1-15 kbar and 650-950 °C, after screening the available data for the presence of quartz. A linear least-squares fit to the coexisting hornblende and plagioclase composition in the experiments yields the following barometric expressions: P1(kbar) = [-9.326 + 0.01462T (K) + RTlnKideal - 98.698XANa -33.213XAK -20.338XM4Na -39.101XM13 Fe²⁺+ 100.392XM2Al + 131. 03XM2Fe³⁺ + 82. 479XM2Fe³⁺ -118.653XT1Al -2RTlnγAb]/(-ΔV) and P2(kbar) = [-1.869 + 0.0076T (K) + RTlnKideal -102.692XANa- 35.251XAK -15.969XM4Na - 40. 499XM13Fe²⁺ + 93.069XM2Al + 130. 750XM2Fe²⁺ + 74. 226XM2Fe³⁺ -104.402XT1Al -2RTlnγAb]/(-ΔV) Where denotes the mole fraction of cation i in site j of amphibole, XAb and γAb are the mole fraction and activity coefficient of albite in plagioclase, respectively, and ΔV is the volume change for the reaction. In the expression for P2, the first two terms in the numerator on the right-hand side corresponding to ΔH° and ΔS°, respectively, were adopted from an internally consistent thermodynamic database. In the expression for P1, the first term on the right-hand side of the numerator, ΔĤ (.9.326 kJ) = ΔH° + a9, where a9 is a mixing parameter, and the second term ΔS° = 0.01462 kJ/K, were retrieved by a linear least-squares fit to the experimental data. The formulations reproduced experimental P values within 2 kbar for 83% of the experimental runs. The cumulative precision (1σ) of pressure estimated using the formulations varied between 800 and 2000 bars for errors propagated due to uncertainties in P-T, volume, and thermometric estimate, and inaccuracies in estimated composition of phases. In natural assemblages spanning a pressure range of 2.5 to 12.5 kbar, the quartz-hornblende-plagioclase barometers yielded pressure within 2 kbar of the P-value recommended by the authors, and is consistent with the stable Al2SiO5 polymorph in associated metapelites.
The effects of concentrate energy source and protein content on milk production in cows given grass silage ad libitum

Sixteen Friesian cows were given four dietary treatments in a 4 × 4 Latin square experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The diets consisted of grass silage ad libitum plus 2 kg of hay per day and two types of concentrates of either barley or a mixture of barley, oats and fibrous by-products [200,200 and 600 g per kg dry matter (DM) respectively], with two protein contents. For the low-protein diets, barley- (B) and fibre-based (F) concentrates were given without protein supplements, while for high-protein diets 1 kg of both concentrates was replaced with fish-meal (FM). The concentrates were given at the rate of 9kgd-1 for the cows (n= 12) and 8kg d-1 for the heifers (n= 4). The cows given the F diets tended (P < 0·10) to have a greater silage dry matter intake and produced 1·5kg d-1 more (P < 0·05) milk with a lower (P < 0·05) protein content than those given the B diets. Increasing dietary crude protein concentration with FM had no effect on feed intake but resulted in significant increases in milk yield (P < 0·01), milk protein content (P < 0·05) and yields of milk constituents. The response in milk yield to FM tended to be greater with barley than with fibrous supplement (+2·5 vs+ 1·5kgd-1). Compared with B diets, the greatest relative increase occurred in lactose yield (0·07) when the corresponding F diets were fed, while FM produced the greatest response in protein yield (0·12). The calculation of the utilization of metabolizable energy (ME) for milk production showed that both the feeding of a concentrate consisting of different carbohydrate sources and inclusion of fish meal improved the utilization of ME, the effects being partially additive. It is concluded that the nutrient supply to the cow's tissues can be modified by the source of carbohydrate and protein supplementation as indicated by different responses in the yield of milk constituents. The production response to protein supplementation may depend on the source of carbohydrate in the concentrate.
Assessment of surface and injection fertilization on various grass hybrids in grass-clover mixture

In a small-plot trial, grass hybrids Perseus (loloid) and Felina (festucoid) were compared in a mixture with red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and their reactions to surface application of nitrogen fertilizers or injection into soil according to CULTAN method were investigated. Both fertilizer application methods were used with three levels of nitrogen. Mixtures containing the Felina hybrid had higher yields (12.1 t/ha) compared to the Perseus hybrid (11.0 t/ha), and they also showed higher clover abundance. Increasing dosage of nitrogen resulted in slightly higher yield, whereas the trend in clover abundance was opposite. Nitrogen injection resulted in slightly higher dry matter yields and slightly higher clover abundance as compared to surface fertilization. The N content in the grass-clover mixture was balanced for both types of fertilizer application and did not change significantly with increasing dosage of fertilizer. A slightly higher N content was observed at the Felina hybrid treatments; the dependence of this element on clover abundance in the mixture was set up to 50%.
Studies of Various Heavy Metal in Surface and Ground Water of Birsinghpur Town and its Surrounding Rural Area District Satna (M.P.)

The present study was aimed to assess the water quality of Birsinghpur town and its surrounding rural area. A total number of 25 water samples (5 surface and 20 ground water samples) were collected from different locations of study area at a particular distance during the year of 2008-2009 and analyzed for various heavy metals such as Pb, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni and Cd. The results showed that in surface water Pb, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni and Cd varied from the ranges of 0.006 to 0.110, 0.55 to 2.76, 0.125 to 0.292, 0.025 to 0.046, 0.014 to 0.019 and 0.003 to 0.016 mg/l, respectively. In ground water the concentration of these metals were found in the ranges of Pb (0.003 to 0.060 mg/l), Fe (0.024 to 2.38 mg/l), Mn (0.012 to 0.248 mg/l), Cu (nil to 0.058 mg/l), Ni (nil to 0.019 mg/l) and Cd (nil to 0.0083 mg/l). The above results indicate that some water samples contained Pb, Fe, Mn and Cd above is permissible limits recommended by various national agencies.
CONFIGURATIONAL-CONFORMATIONAL STATISTICS OF POLY(ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE)S

Using the periodic condition method of rotational isomeric state model, the mean-square end-to-end distance and the mean-square radius of gyration, as a function of composition and stereochemical tacticity, of Bernoullian poly(ethylene–propylene) chains were extensively calculated. When both the fraction of ethylene monomers and the fraction of meso dyad (fm ) in the propylene sequence are 0.5, the characteristic ratio calculated for the mean-square end-to-end distance of PEP first decreases monotonously before reaching its minimum at N = 3, where N is the length of the periodic microstructure sequence. Then it increases and passes through a shallow extreme value at N = 5, and finally goes gradually to its asymptotic value. A substantial independence of this conformational characteristic from the period length is achieved when it is greater than 6. Theoretical data are comparable with the experimental results for alternating PEP. The stereochemical structure of the propylene sequence has a strong influence on the characteristic ratio of the chain when the occurrence probability of ethylene units is low. There is a variation of only 7.2% for ⟨S2 ⟩/nl2 for fm from 0.90 to 1.0.
Temporal and spatial distribution of faecal bacteria in a Moroccan Lagoon

The origin and distribution of microbial contamination in Oualidia lagoon were assessed using faecal coliform and streptococci bacteria. The lagoon is used for recreation, oyster farming, and fishing. Samples were collected from 9 different sites, and physicochemical and microbiological analyses were performed monthly during 2 years (October 2003-October 2005). These samples were subjected to bacteriological analysis faecal coliform count and faecal streptococcal count. The physicochemical analysis of the water samples includes pH, temperature, and specific conductance. The bacterial genera were identified on the basis of their morphological and physiological characteristics. The present study confirmed the presence of bacterial indicators of faecal origin at various stations in every stretch of the Oualidia lagoon system. The samples collected from different sites of the lagoon showed wide variations in the counts of bacteria. The Bacterial population varied with seasonal variations in the water body. The Faecal coliform counts increase during the summer months and decrease during winter. The opposite happens for streptococci bacteria, which increase during winter and decrease during the summer, depending on rainfall. Positive correlation was established between faecal coliform and streptococci bacteria. The results of bacteriological analysis of water revealed that the situation is alarming. The Bacteriological analysis of lagoon water indicated that water was polluted by faecal contaminants to the extent that it was unsuitable for recreation and hence needed thorough impoundment.
Complex Phase Equilibria in Refractories Design and Use

The current applications of phase diagrams and thermodynamic calculations to studies of refractories are reviewed highlighting links to microstructural analyses. Improved understanding of microstructural evolution and chemical corrosion mechanisms has resulted from such work. The limitation of the calculations/diagrams to thermodynamic equilibria has led to imaginative attempts to incorporate some dynamic aspect in them so they are more relevant to practical conditions. These include varying temperature to model a temperature gradient, Po 2 to model atmosphere permeation into a brick, slag/refractory ratio to model slag penetration and altering the slag composition after reaction with the fine matrix phases. The potential future development of such techniques is discussed.
Biodegradation and Detoxification of BPA: Involving Laccase and a Mediator

Funalia trogii was used for the first time for the removal of bisphenol A (BPA), a well known endocrine disrupting compound. Biodegradation efficiencies of commercial pure laccase from Trametes versicolor, crude extract of F. trogii and the mixture of pure laccase from T. versicolor, and thermally inactivated crude extract of F. trogii were compared. BPA was completely removed by both the crude extract and with mixture whereas only 30% was removed with pure laccase. The results showed the presence of mediator molecules in the crude extract of F. trogii and also confirm the role of laccase in BPA biodegradation. A mediator molecule, butylhydroxytoluene, was detected by GC-MS analysis of the crude extract of F. trogii. The results also proved unnecessity of enzyme isolation procedures for the enzymatic biodegradation of BPA. The BPA concentration was analyzed by HPLC and metabolites of BPA were characterized by GC-MS. The results of both analyses were correlated and BPA was completely removed after 2 h of incubation time. The reaction maximum velocity and Km values obtained from Lineweaver–Burk plots of Michaelis–Menten equation were 7.43 mg L−1 min−1 and 66.35 mg/L, respectively. The acute toxicity of BPA and its products after 6 h incubation period was 98.9 ± 1.0 and 7.5 ± 0.4%, respectively. The results of this study point out the use of an alternative feasible method for the complete removal of BPA from polluted environments.
Atmospheric pressure plasma jets: an overview of devices and new directions

Atmospheric pressure plasma jets have a long history of more than 50 years. During this time their design and plasma generation mechanism has been developed and adapted to various fields of applications. This review aims at giving an overview of jet devices by starting with a brief history of their development. This is followed by an overview of commonly used terms and definitions as well as a survey of different classification schemes (e.g. geometry, excition frequency or specific energy input) described in literature. A selective update of new designs and novel research achievments on atmospheric pressure plasma jets published in 2012 or later shows the impressive variety and rapid development of the field. Finally, a brief outlook on the future trends and directions is given.
Vibrational spectroscopic study of minerals in the Martian meteorite ALH84001

Abstract Micro-Raman spectra of carbonates, silica and amorphous plagioclase, and both micro-Raman and IR reflectance spectra of phosphates in ALH84001 are reported. Data from these vibrational techniques combined with electron microprobe analyses show that (1) the carbonates exhibit complex compositional heterogeneity on a sub-micrometer scale, (2) the phosphates, chlorapatite and merrillite, are largely anhydrous, (3) amorphous silica and plagioclase experienced peak shock pressures >32 GPa and >50 GPa, respectively, and (4) vitreous plagioclase was quenched from a shock- induced melt after relaxation of the peak shock pressure. The observed general Raman band broadening of lattice and internal modes of carbonates in ALH84001 indicates complex sub-microscopic compositional heterogeneity and possibly structural disorder. Any search for biogenic markers in ALH84001 must recognize the complex shock and thermal history of these minerals.
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL STUDIES AND EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDATIVE PROPERTIES OF DRYNARIA QUERCIFOLIA (L.) J.SMITH

Free radicals are responsible for many oxidative stress related diseases. Antioxidants are those substances capable of scavenging free radicals and in recent years, antioxidants of plant origin are gaining interest globally. Ferns are an interesting group of plants, many of which still remain unexplored in the area of phytochemical properties. Thus, the present study was carried out to quantify the phytochemicals and evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of fertile fronds of Drynaria quercifolia, a common fern growing in this region. Methanolic (MeOH), ethanolic (EtOH) and hot water (HW) extracts were used for determination of antioxidative activity. Results revealed the presence of phenol, flavonoid, vitamin C and E in the sample. MeOH extract showed higher antioxidative activity in comparison to the EtOH and HW extract in dose-dependent manner. However, DPPH was seen to be scavenged slightly better by HW extract. From the overall data it can be concluded that methanolic extract (MeOH) of Drynaria quercifolia could be one of the potential source of natural antioxidant for the treatment of free-radical and age related diseases.
Impact of Flour Fortification on Common Asian Wheat Flour-Based Foods

Although producers have considerable experience using fortified flours in Western flour-based foods, they have less experience in using fortified flours in common Asian flour-based foods. Hence, the Flour Fortification Initiative coordinated a multicountry study on the impact of flour fortification on common Asian wheat flour-based foods. Between August and October 2009, researchers in China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Sri Lanka conducted a series of studies to test whether fortified flours could be successfully used to produce foods commonly consumed in Asian countries. Researchers developed fortified flours following WHO recommendations and then used these flours to produce a range of common Asian wheat flour-based foods, including 15 different kinds of noodles and breads. All of the fortification premixes included iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12. Some of the premixes also included vitamins A, B1, and B2 and zinc, depending on country norms. Tests were run to assess the impact of.
Synthesis of chemically modified chitosan with 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiodiazole and its adsorption abilities for Au(III), Pd(II), and Pt(IV)

A new chemically modified chitosan hydrogel with 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiodiazole (CTS-DMTD) has been synthesized. The structure of CTS-DMTD was confirmed by elemental analysis and FTIR. It was found that adsorption capacities were significantly affected by the pH of solution, with optimum pH values of 3.0 for Au(III), 2.0 for Pd(II) and Pt(IV). The saturated adsorption capacities were 198.5 mg/g for Au(III), 16.2 and 13.8 mg/g for Pd(II) and Pt(IV), respectively. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm adsorption models were applied to analyze the experimental data. The results showed that adsorption isotherms of Pd(II) and Pt(IV) could be well described by the Langmuir equation. The adsorption kinetic investigations indicated that the kinetic data correlated well with the pseudo-second-order model. The recovery experimental data showed that CTS-DMTD had a higher affinity toward Au(III), Pd(II), and Pt(IV) in the coexistence system containing Cu(II), Fe(III), Cd(II), Ni(II), Mg(II), and Zn(II). The studies of desorption were carried out using various reagents and the optimum effect was obtained using thiourea. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
PENGARUH MEDIA TANAM DAN PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L.)

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Media Tanam dan Pemberian Pupuk Organik Cair Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kakao ( Theobroma cacao L.) di pembibitan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor perlakuan, Faktor Pemberian Media Tanam (M), terdiri dari 3 taraf perlakuan yaitu M1 = 80 % subsoil : 15 % kotoran sapi : 5 % pasir, M2 = 60 % subsoil : 30 % kotoran sapi : 10 % pasir dan M3 = 40 % subsoil : 45 % kotoran sapi : 15 % pasir. Faktor pemberian pupuk organik cair Nasa (N), terdiri dari 3 taraf perlakuan N0 = 0 cc/liter (Kontrol), N1 = 4 cc/liter air dan N2 = 6 cc/liter air. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlakuan Pemberian media tanam subsoil, kotoran sapi dan pasir tidak dapat merangsang pertumbuhan bibit tanaman kakao di pembibitan. Pupuk organik cair tidak dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan bibit kakao, tinggi tanaman, luas daun, jumlah daun, diameter batang dan berat biomassa. Kombinasi perlakuan antara pemberian pupuk organik cair D dengan media tanam tidak dapat merangsang pertumbuhan bibit kakao di pembibitan. Kata -kata k unci: media tanam, pupuk organik cair, bibit kakao.
Aluminum Ion Diffusion in Aluminum Oxide

The self‐diffusion coefficient of aluminum has been determined in polycrystalline aluminum oxide over the range 1670° to 1905°C. Diffusion couples were employed using aluminum‐26 in oxide form as a radioactive tracer. In the temperature range studied, experimental data can be represented by D = 28 exp {—[(114 000±15 000)/RT]}.
ARSENIC STABILITY IN FRESH AND AGED AMORPHOUS FERRIC HYDROXIDE SLUDGES GENERATED FROM BRINE TREATMENT PROCESSES

Using Environmental Protection Agency occurrence and concentration data, it is estimated that about 6 million pounds of arsenic-bearing residuals (ABSR) will be generated annually in the United States when full compliance with the new standard for arsenic in drinking water (10 μg/L) is realized. Effective management of disposal of ABSR requires both a full characterization of the materials and an understanding of the environment in which the disposal will occur. Currently, there are different testing methods to evaluate the stability of ABSR, the principal of which is the EPA Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP). These tests indicate that common ABSRs may be disposed in mixed-solid waste landfills. However, this and previous work shows that these testing methods may significantly underestimate the degree and mechanism of arsenic mobilization from the residuals, because critical physical and chemical dissimilarities exist between the tests and landfill conditions. In addition, no current testing methods simulate the mineralogic aging in those ABSR, which exhibit further complexity. Landfill disposal involves liquid and solid residence times on the order of months and decades, respectively, whereas leaching tests are completed in two days or less. Consequently, time dependent re-mineralization of residuals that would be routinely expected in landfill time scales is not addressed by standard leaching tests. Treating arsenic brines by co-precipitation with iron oxyhydroxides is an established and effective remediation method for small quantities of highly concentrated liquid arsenic waste, such as brines derived from mine tailings, ion exchange resin regeneration, and reverse osmosis treatment of drinking water. However, amorphous ferric hydroxide (AFH) is expected to exhibit mineralogical aging analogous to the observed natural evolution of ferrihydrite to goethite and
Textural Properties of Raw Salmon Fillets as Related to Sampling Method

Textural properties of raw Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fillets from different origin were studied on different locations of the fillets. Three instrumental methods were applied for evaluation of textural properties. Two methods were based on puncture tests, using flat-ended cylinder or spherical probes measuring the hardness of the fillet. The third method was based on cutting the fillet with a blade and measuring the shear force. Hardness and shear force increased from head to tail, and the location below the dorsal fin was found to be most reliable. The shear force method was found to be more sensitive than the puncture methods and best suited for practical application.
Influence of ammonium ion on bacterial struvite production

Abstract The influence of ammonium ion on struvite precipitation by 54 bacterial strains isolated from soil and fresh water was investigated. The availability of ammonium made struvite precipitation by some strains possible. However, in others the presence of this ion in itself was not the only factor required for struvite production. Bacterial formation of struvite may involve the adsorption of magnesium and phosphate ions, which, together with the release of ammonium ions, may form a microenvironment in the vicinity of the cell in which ions may accumulate in amounts sufficient to trigger crystal formation.
Microreactors and CFD as Tools for Biocatalysis Reactor Design: A case study

Microreactors have been used for acquiring process data while consuming significantly lower amounts of expensive reagents. In this article, the combination of microreactor technology and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is shown to contribute significantly towards understanding the diffusional properties of the substrate and the product of a biocatalytic reaction. Such knowledge is then applied to design reactor configurations. It has been demonstrated that this kind of knowledge is crucial for the choice and design of reactors. In the discussion, it is highlighted how microreactor-based platforms with similar dimensions to the ones tested here can be used as a screening tool for screening biocatalyst and process alternatives.