Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Características das partes do corpo não-integrantes da carcaça de novilhos jovens e superjovens de diferentes grupos genéticos

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the components of non integrate body components of carcass of two categories, steers (slaughtered at 22.8 months old) and young steers (slaughtered at 15.2 months old), from two genetic groups, 5/8 Charolais (CH) 3/8 Nellore (NE) and 5/8NE 3/8CH, and to evaluate the relationship among the variables studied. The animals were fedlot finished until reaching 430 kg. The diet, roughage:concentrate ratio of 60:40 (dry matter basis), contained 10.25% crude protein and 3.18 Mcal of digestible energy/kg of dry matter. The experiment was analyzed as a complete randomized design with six replicates, according to a 2 x 2 (two categories x two genetic groups) factorial scheme. Slaughter weight (SW) and empty body weight (EBW) were similar between categories and between genetic groups. When the components were expressed as absolute values and adjusted for EBW and SW, steers showed higher heart, liver, empty omasum and total vital organs weights, and young steers showed higher rawhide, kidney fat, trim fat and total internal fats weights. While 5/8CH 3/8NE showed higher liver, kidney fat, total vital organs and blood weights, and 5/8NE 3/8CH higher rawhide and total external components weights. When adjusted for EBW, steers showed higher weights of components lung, empty rumen+reticulum and total empty digestible tract, while 5/8CH 3/8NE showed higher total empty digestible tract weight. Each kg of intermuscular fat deposited in the carcass represented increase of 0.006 points in slaughter body condition score, 0.113 mm in subcutaneous fat thickness, 0.253 kg in ruminal+visceral fat, 0.089 kg in kidney fat, 0.076 kg in trim fat and 0.040 kg in inguinal fat. Positive relation was verified among requirement of net energy for maintenance and weight of vital organs components.
“We Were the Choreographers; the Dance Teachers Were the Helpers”: Student Perceptions of Learning in a Dance Outreach Program Interpreted Through a Lens of 21st-Century Skills

ABSTRACT This study emerged out of collaboration between an artist-educator and a dance researcher. It explores student experience participating in a school based dance outreach program at an urban elementary school. The program is supported by a local, contemporary dance company. The artist-educator approaches teaching and curriculum with values shared by constructivist, critical, and transformative pedagogical theory. An overview of teaching practices and curriculum is presented in this article. Students’ written reflections are mined for data representing students’ lived experience in dance. Findings suggest that students practice skills and develop content knowledge that aligns with student outcomes identified as essential to 21st century learning by Partnership for 21st Century Learning. This article discusses findings in relation to Framework for 21st Century Learning as a way to bridge student learning in dance with broader educational goals and curriculum.
Does equity analyst research lack rigour and objectivity? Evidence from conference call questions and research notes

Doubts have been raised about the rigour and objectivity of sell-side analysts’ research due to institutional structures that promote pro-management behaviour. However, research in psychology stresses the importance of controlling for biases in individuals’ inherent cognitive processing behaviour when drawing conclusions about their propensity to undertake careful scientific analysis. Using social cognition theory, we predict that the rigour and objectivity evident in analyst research is more pronounced following unexpected news in general and unexpected bad news in particular. We evaluate this prediction against the null hypothesis that analyst research consistently lacks rigour and objectivity to maintain good relations with management. Using U.S. firm earnings surprises as our conditioning event, we examine the content of analysts’ conference call questions and research notes to assess the properties of their research. We find that analysts’ notes and conference call questions display material levels of rigour and objectivity when earnings news is unexpectedly positive, and that these characteristics are more pronounced in response to unexpectedly poor earnings news. Results are consistent with analysts’ innate cognitive processing response counteracting institutional considerations when attributional search incentives are strong. Exploratory analysis suggests that studying verbal and written outputs provides a more complete picture of analysts’ work.
Enhancement of the efficacy of two antagonistic yeasts with salicylic acid against Penicillium expansum

In this study, the yeasts Pichia guilliermondii and Candida membranifaciens in combination with salicylic acid (SA) were tested for biological control against Penicillium expansum at 20°C. In vitro studies showed that SA at 200 μg/mL had reduced the mycelial growth of pathogen significantly. SA at 10, 50 and 100 μg/mL increased the population of P. guilliermondii while it reduced the population of C. membranifaciens. In vivo studies showed that although both P. guilliermondii and C. membranifaciens had potential to control blue mould, combination of P.guilliermondii with SA at 50 μg/mL and C. membranifaciens with SA at 5 μg/mL improved their efficacy. Our results showed that SA at 5 μg/mL had no effect on P. guilliermondii and C. membranifaciens after 7 days, while at 50 μg/mL reduced the population of P. guilliermondii, and SA at concentration higher than 10 μg/mL reduced the population of C. membranifaciens after 15 days at 20°C.
PLANT-SOIL-MICROBIAL INTERACTIONS IN A NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST

Interactions among plants, soil, hydrology, and microbes regulate nutrient cycling and loss in ecosystems. Variability among these factors is likely to regulate patterns of productivity and N cycling along topographic gradients in forest and other terrestrial ecosystems. Our objectives were to determine interrelations among spatial and temporal patterns in microbial biomass, N transformation rates (net N mineralization, net nitrification, denitrification potential) and soil, plant, and stream variables along an elevational gradient (525-775 m) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), a northern hardwood forest in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, USA. We examined these relationships in the forest floor (Oe and Oa horizons) and upper mineral soil to assess the contribution of these different layers to overall microbial biomass and N cycling rates and to examine potential differences among soil layers in the spatial and temporal variation of these soil characteristics and their correlations with one another. Broad patterns in microbial biomass and N transformation rates were correlated in space and time and varied with elevation, soil horizon, season, and year. Both microbial biomass and N cycling activities were greater in summer than in fall or spring, although the magnitude of seasonal differences was much greater for the N cycling activities than for microbial biomass. Nitrification rates and denitrification enzyme activity were greatest at the highest elevation site, despite the pre- dominance of beech (Fagus grandifolia) in the canopy at that site, which would be expected to inhibit these activities. Differences among years in precipitation may have driven annual variation in N transformation rates, which were correlated with annual variation in litter N content. Elevational patterns in nitrification were broadly correlated with elevational patterns in stream nitrate (NO3) concentration, suggesting an important link between soil N transformations and nutrients in stream water along this elevational gradient. These results indicate that interactions among plant communities, soil characteristics, and soil microbial communities determine spatial and temporal patterns of N transformations, which are po- tentially linked to variation in stream nutrient concentrations and outputs at the watershed scale in these northern hardwood forest ecosystems.
Reaching the “Unreachable”: Case Examples from a Person-Centered Approach for Highly Aggressive Youth / Die Unerreichbaren erreichen: Fallbeispiele aus einem Personzentriert Experienziellen Ansatz für hochgradig aggressive Jugendliche / Alcanzando lo Inalcanzable: Ejemplos del caso de un enfoque cen

Abstract This article provides case examples from a study that extended child-centered play therapy to reach older teenage boys who were referred for highly aggressive behavior and who were seen as otherwise resistant to psychological contact and counselor services. The boys were seen in an alternative school for highly troubled youth. Descriptors include teacher ratings across time on standardized measures and setting specific goals. Discussion of individual client processes and qualities of change are included.
Cross-Border Regions: The Gap Between the Elite's Projects and People's Awareness. Reflections from the Galicia-North Portugal Euroregion

Abstract In the last 20 years, numerous cross-border regions have been launched across Europe. Many studies have been carried out dealing with the analysis of regional building processes. Most of them focus on the work developed by local elites profiting from economic, political and institutional factors to build up cross-border regions. Studies focusing on people's knowledge of these cross-border projects and regions have also been developed. The gap that might open up between the elite's projects and people's knowledge of them can raise several questions: is cross-border cooperation better understood as a functional or as a democratic and participatory opportunity? Are cross-border regions the desired laboratories for European integration? Are border people engaged in this institutionalized cooperation? First of all, this contribution will discuss these general questions in light of recent theoretical and practical studies on European cross-border cooperation. Secondly, it will exemplify the theory with a case study on the Galicia-North Portugal Euroregion. After briefly presenting the main actors and processes involved in the cross-border region building, this paper shows the results of fieldwork based on a survey conducted by the author in Galicia and North Portugal. The investigation had three objectives: (a) to assess general knowledge of the term Euroregion, the cross-border bodies and the cross-border projects; (b) to assess the degree of relevance of cross-border cooperation to euroregional integration; and (c) to assess the degree of similarities and differences between Galicians and Northern Portuguese. The results of the survey show that the inhabitants of Galicia and North Portugal are mostly unaware of the existence and working methods of the different bodies that sustain the Euroregion, although they express a high level of interest in fostering cross-border cooperation initiatives and a high degree of empathy towards neighbors. This paper concludes by discussing the results of the case study in relation to the theoretical aspects presented in the first part.
Comparison of conditions for hormonal sex reversal of Mozambique tilapias

Abstract Roles of selected factors on sex reversal of fry of Mozambique tilapia (Tilapia mossambica) administered 17∝-methyltestosterone (MT) through the diet were investigated. The tested factors were temperature (22–38°C), photoperiod (darkness: light, 0 h:24 h to 24 h:0 h), stocking density (100–2,000 fry/m2), feeding rate (10 or 25% body weight! d), supplementation of the medium with a growth promotor (thyroxine), and storage conditions of MT and MT-treated feed. Survival, growth, and sex-reversing potency of MT were significantly influenced directly or indirectly by temperature, feeding rate, photoperiod, and storage conditions of both MT and MT-treated feed. Stocking density and supplementation of thyroxine in the rearing medium influenced survival and growth. without modifying the sex-reversing potency of MT, when the treated fry were fed ad libitum. Photoperiod and low rearing temperature did not directly alter MT-induced sex reversal but did affect sex reversal indirectly by inhibiting MT-treated .
Survey Nonresponse

Otherwise, as with the entire 2E, most of the chapters are about twice as long in the 2E as they were in the 1E. Many of the illustrations have been changed. As in the 1E, each of the chapters is linked to a speci c illustration. Many of these come from the text by Hand et al. (1994), which was reported by Ziegel (1995). In the new chapter on generalized linear models, the models are contrasted to ANOVA and regressions models. Concepts for models are introduced, including exponential distributions, link functions, canonical link, dispersion parameters, and variance functions. Concepts for  tting data are also introduced, including deviance, overdispersion, random effects models, and quasilikelihood. Then the use of PROC GENMOD to  t generalized linear models is presented. Several different options are illustrated and discussed, and outputs are shown and explained. In my report on the 1E, I concluded, “For persons who have never used SAS and who have a good statistics background, this book actually is not a bad way to get started with SAS. ” This 2E is certainly not a good way to learn the methodology, but it is a nice way to learn how to use SAS to do the computing. Though compatible with Version 8.1, there is no discussion of any GUI capabilities.
Chitosan-lipid films: microstructure and surface energy

Composite films of chitosan-laurate were shown to have low water permeability, while films containing other fatty acids or esters were not effective in this respect. Electron microscopy revealed the microstructure of these films to be very different, in terms of density, pore formation, channeling, surface contour, and packing pattern. The surface energy of the films was estimated, and the dispersion force component (γ s d ) and the polar component (γ s d ) were calculated
Emergence of multiple resistances against gastrointestinal nematodes of Mehsana-cross goats in a semi-organized farm of semi-arid region of India

Faecal samples from 140 adult goats were collected and positive samples were examined quantitatively; goats having at least 500 eggs/g of faeces were selected and randomly divided into four groups. Faecal egg count reduction test was used to detect the efficacy of albendazole (ALB), levamisole (LEV) and ivermectin (IVM) in goats naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes in a semi-organized farm located in semi-arid region of Gujarat, India. ALB, LEV and IVM reduced faecal egg counts on 14th day post-treatment varied from 53% to 76%, revealing presence of resistance of worms to all these drugs. Finding IVM resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes is found to be alarming. Pre-treatment faecal culture of all the groups collectively revealed Haemonchus spp. as the predominant parasite again post-treatment faecal cultures further emphasize the pre-dominance of H. contortus in ALB- and LEV-treated groups. However, faecal cultures from IVM-treated group revealed predominance of Trichostrongylus species which were scarce in pre-treatment group. Study further reveals that only ALB was found to be effective against Oesophagostomum spp. , and most of the gastrointestinal nematodes were found to have some degree of resistance against rest of the other drugs used in goats.
Haemolysin genes of Vibrio cholerae: presence of homologous DNA in non‐haemolytic O1 and haemolytic non‐O1 strains

The structural gene for the haemolysin and two accessory genes from a Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strain have previously been cloned in Escherichia coli K-12 to give the plasmid pPM431. This plasmid has been used as a probe with a variety of O1 and non-O1 Vibrio cholerae strains to examine by Southern DNA hybridisations for the presence of homologous DNA. Such experiments show that the DNA homologous to that present in pPM431 is present in all of the 20 strains examined, whether they were haemolytic or non-haemolytic, implying that the genes were present but not expressed in non-haemolytic strains. Using a variety of restriction enzymes to cut the chromosomal DNA of different V. cholerae strains and probing with pPM431, it was possible to distinguish O1 and non-O1 strains, as well as haemolytic or non-haemolytic strains. This variability between hly+ and hly− may be indicative of a change in the regulatory region of the haemolysin genes. The results also imply a high degree of homology of the haemolysin of O1 and non-O1 strains.
The effects of reducing the remating interval after parturition on the reproductive performance of the commercial doe rabbit

Four groups of does (16 per group) were remated either 1, 7, 14 or 21 days after parturition over a 1-year production cycle. Doe mortality rate was independent of treatment and overall was 0·27. The remating interval after parturition had no effect on conception rate, which was high on all treatments (0·86 to 0·93). The high overall conception rate resulted in more litters being born as the parturition to remating interval decreased. Expressed on a common 365-day experimental period the number of litters per doe was 8·9, 8·5, 7·8 and 6·7 (average s.e. of difference 0·33) for treatments 1, 7, 14 and 21 respectively. Litter size was not significantly affected by treatment and consequently the number of pups born per doe per year increased as remating interval decreased: 75·0, 73·4, 67·4 and 591 respectively. Pup mortality rate at birth and subsequently was high (0·42) on all treatments and the number of pups weaned per doe per year for treatments 1, 7, 14 and 21 was 48·3, 43·5, 40·0 and 33·3 respectively. Pup birth weight, 21-day litter weight and weaning (25-day) weight were all unaffected by treatment, as was doe body-weight change.
What type of controlling investors impact on which elements of corporate social responsibility?

Using a large sample of 3541 companies drawn from 30 countries during the period from 2002 to 2010, we analysed the impact of strategic shareholdings on different elements of corporate social responsibility (CSR). We find that total strategic or closely held equity holdings adversely affect the environmental, social and governance scores provided by ASSET4. However, this effect is largely driven by entrenched and undiversified holdings such as family and corporate cross-holdings, whereas diversified institutional investments typically have an insignificant impact. The influence of undiversified holdings includes particularly strong negative impacts on measures that include climate change, environmental management, business ethics and human rights. Thus the impact of ownership on CSR performance differs depending on both the type of owner and the type of CSR.
The Sensitivity of Productivity Estimates

Researchers interested in estimating productivity can choose from an array of methodologies, each with its strengths and weaknesses. This study compares productivity estimates and evaluates the extent to which the conclusions of three important productivity debates in the economic development literature are sensitive to the choice of estimation method. Five widely used techniques are considered, two nonparametric and three parametric: index numbers, data envelopment analysis, instrumental variables estimation, stochastic frontiers, and semiparametric estimation. Using data on manufacturing firms in two developing countries, Colombia and Zimbabwe, we find that the different methods produce surprisingly similar productivity estimates when the measures are compared directly, even though the estimated input elasticities vary widely. Furthermore, the methods reach the same conclusions on two of the debates, supporting endogenous growth effects and showing that firm-level productivity changes are an important contributor to aggregate productivity growth. On the third debate, only with the parametric productivity measures is there evidence of learning by exporting.
How area restricted search of a pelagic seabird changes while performing a dual foraging strategy

Movements and foraging strategies of marine predators should cope with the hierarchical spatial distribution of resources. Therefore, in order to predict the at-sea distribution of aerial predators, it is crucial to understand the factors governing trajectory decisions at different scales. Using first passage time (FPT) analysis on precision tracking information (GPS-loggers data) we were able to examine the foraging strategy of Cory's shearwaters Calonectris diomedea and to detect the adoption of area-restricted search (ARS), measuring the scale and duration of this behaviour. Data were collected from three different populations foraging in different oceanographic conditions. During long excursions birds only commuted between their colony and prey patches, while on their short movements birds increased the amount of looping movements. On short trips, birds addopted ARS behaviour at an average scale of 18 km and at a second nested scale of around 2 km. When engaging in long trips, first scale of ARS occurred on average at about 67 km of radii and than a second nested scale at a radii of 24 km. Overall, the different populations showed foraging patterns matching the habitats exploited: a) at smaller scales of ARS, sea-surface temperature, chlorophyll-a concentration and depth influenced the time of residence (i.e. FPT) of birds (with variations at a population level); b) at larger scales of ARS, FPT increased within regions of higher gradients of sea-surface temperature, chlorophyl-a concentration and depth. This study demonstrates that Cory's shearwaters adopt scale-dependent adjustments of movement in relation to the hierarchical distribution of the environment they exploit, matching the scale and duration of ARS with the hierarchical distribution of the environmental features.
PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF THYMINE, URACIL, URIDINE, CYTOSINE AND BROMOURACIL IN FROZEN SOLUTION AND IN DRIED FILMS*

Abstract— The photochemistry of uracil, uridine, cytosine, thymine and broinouracil has been investigated in frozen aqueous solution and in dried films. Essentially the same photoproducts were obtained in the two conditions; however, the yield of photoproducts was considerably greater in frozen solution. Uracil forms a dimer which can exist in two forms. Some kinetic data are presented for the interconversion of these two forms, The mixed dimer of thymine and uracil can also exist in two forms. Uridine forms only one acid stable photoproduct and does not appear to form mixed photoproducts under the conditions used. Two new photoproducts of thymine other than the dimer are described. Cytosine was at first considered to be completely inert hut using more sensitive detecting equipment it has recently been found to form uracil dinier as a result of dinierization and deamination. The most remarkable response was shown by bromouracil. When irradiated by itself it formed no photoproducts but when irradiated in the presence of uracil, uridine, cytosine or NaOH it formed many photoproducts. Most of these products were devoid of bromide, but two still contained bromine. One of these has been identified as the mixed dimer of uracil and bromouracil while the other has been tentatively identified as the dimer of bromouracil. Dimers of thymine or bromouracil were not formed by X‐rays.
Root Pruning—A Poorly Understood Management Practice in Fruit Trees

ABSTRACT Root pruning (RP) is a management practice intended to reduce excessive shoot growth resulting from a disturbed root/shoot-balance. It appears to function by limiting the gibberellin activity in fruit trees by interfering with endogenous growth control. In this way, not only shoot growth but also fruit development and flower-bud formation can be influenced by one common mechanism. The results are contradictory and often unpredictable. The prospects of RP as a management practice are rather limited.