Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation of Phytase Producing Bacteria and Optimization of Phytase Production Parameters

Background: Cereals, legumes, and oilseed crops are very important crops as nutrition for human and animals. Phytate (myo inositol hexa kis phosphate) is the main storage form of phosphorus in these crops. These crops are major source of nutrients for humans and animals including fish, poultry and pig. Phytic acid is the nutritional constituent of animal diet but it is not digested by monogastric animals because they do not contain phytase enzyme in their intestines to break the phytic acid and due to this, phytic acid acts as an antinutritional chelating agent for various metal ions like Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and etc., so that reduced the nutritive quality of food. Objectives: Phytase is an important enzyme in the food/feed industry; therefore, isolation of phytase producing bacteria and optimization of phytase production on different parameters were performed in this study. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in Biotechnology laboratory, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. To isolate phytase producing bacteria from different soil samples like cattle shed, pulse crop field, poultry farms, and etc. 0.1 gr of the soil samples were streaked on phytase screening medium. The qualitative screening of the isolates was performed on phytase screening medium plate with 1.5% agar, and phytase activity was determined by using shaking flask method. The best phytase producer was optimized using different parameters of phytase production. Results: We isolated 32 phytase producing bacteria on phytase screening media. Upon screening of these strains, one of the best strain (DR6) which showed a 39 mm clear zone on phytase specific medium (PSM) was identified as Bacillus subtilis. So this strain was selected for further enzymatic assay and optimization. This strain showed 378U/mL enzymatic activity upon enzymatic assay, the result of optimization of this best strain was performed at different parameters, and this strain showed best results at pH 5.5, Temp 50 °Cwith Glucose + Sucrose as Carbon source and Yeast extract as Nitrogen source. Conclusions: The present study suggests that the enzyme obtained from strain B. subtilis can be used as feed supplement in animal diet also for reduction of phosphorus pollution problem in areas of livestock production.
A Technology for Rapid Reconstruction of Moss-Dominated Soil Crusts

Reconstruction of moss-dominated soil crusts is crucial for ecological restoration. A desert moss Tortula desertorum (Broth.), the main component of biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut desert, was used to build a procedure for construction of moss-dominated crust. Micropropagation of desert mosses is a core technology to build biological soil crusts. Although the micropropagation of mosses has been extensively studied, little is known about that of desert mosses. Effects of media, explants, and culture temperature on regeneration potential of T. desertorum were investigated respectively in this study. The factors such as relative humidity, light intensity, and photoperiod, which might take an important role in the regeneration and development of the desert moss T. desertorum, were optimized through an orthogonal test design. The life cycle of the desert moss T. desertorum in cultivation was also investigated according to several factors affecting asexual reproduction. The results showed the explan.
Reducing predation of orb‐web spiders by controlling common wasps (Vespula vulgaris) in a New Zealand beech forest

1. Introduced common wasps (Vespula vulgaris) reach high densities in the beech forests (Nothofagus spp.) of the northern South Island, New Zealand, and may be having a severe impact on populations of native invertebrates. An experimental approach was used to test whether reducing the abundance of common wasps increases the probability of native invertebrates surviving. Garden orb‐web spiders (Eriophora pustulosa) were used because they were easy to collect and could be trained to build webs on a standard frame. Thirty orb‐web spiders were placed out on web‐frames in each of four study sites in beech forest during periods of low, medium and high wasp abundance, and their rate of removal was measured over a 4‐h period. Wasp numbers were reduced by poisoning in two study sites. Using wasp‐abundance data from weekly Malaise trap samples in the poisoned and non‐poisoned sites, the probability of spider survival over the entire wasp season was modelled and the level of wasp control necessary to protect natural populations of orb‐web spiders was estimated.
Evaluation of Central Anatolian barley landraces for crop improvement.

This study was conducted to characterize 201 two-rowed barley accessions, collected from 11 provinces of Central Anatolian Region of Turkey by quantitative and qualitative traits and to develop pure lines by selecting for yield and quality traits. Experiments were carried out in Konya dry conditions. In the first year of the study (2007-2008) these accessions and 3 checks were studied by Augmented Design. In the second year (2008-2009), 696 single plants selected in the first year and the same control varieties were planted in plant rows by Augmented Design, and grain yield and some yield and quality components were measured. In the third year (2009-2010) 174 pure lines selected in the second year with 13 control varieties were tested by Augmented Design. The characters measured included grain yield, protein ratio, thousand grain weight, test weight, heading time and plant height. Compared with control varieties, some pure lines showed superiority with respect to these characters. According to the research results, 11 two-rowed barley lines with the yield and qualitative features desired for consumers can be offered for crop improvement.
Origins and genetic structure of black bears in the Interior Highlands of North America

Abstract Although black bears (Ursus americanus) were believed to be extirpated from the Interior Highlands of North America by the early 1900s, populations have recently recovered, aided in part by reintroductions in Arkansas. Today black bears can be found in the Ozark and Ouachita National Forests of northern and western Arkansas, the White River National Wildlife Refuge in eastern Arkansas, and the Ozark region of southern Missouri. Previous genetic studies have investigated the effects of translocating black bears from Minnesota and Manitoba, Canada, into the Ozark and Ouachita National Forests between 1958 and 1968, with differing results. We used nuclear microsatellite loci to infer the genetic structure of black bears across the Interior Highlands and to investigate the sources of bears found today in southern Missouri. Our results suggest that the Ozark population was strongly influenced by the reintroductions, whereas the Ouachita population was influenced to a lesser degree. Although the majority of bears in the Ozark region of Arkansas and Missouri represent a single genetic unit, bears in Webster County, Missouri, may represent a remnant of the historical population of the region. Our results confirm that the bear population in the White River National Wildlife Refuge is strongly differentiated genetically from other Arkansas populations and support previous reports that the Ouachita bear population may have resulted from an admixture of a remnant population and reintroduced bears.
On the Route of Emergence of the Cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni from Australorbis glabratus

Although the literature contains many references to the entrance of schistosome miracidia into the snail host and their subsequent development into sporocysts and mature cercariae, there is comparatively little information available about the way these cercariae leave the snail. But the findings of Kendall and McCullough (1951) concerning the emergence of Fasciola hepatica cercariae from Limnaea truncatula, which resulted from the sectioning of infected snails, indicated that this method might also yield new information about the cercariae of S. mansoni; so at the suggestion of Professor Buckley the writer undertook the present investigation.
The Morphology and Systematics of “Didymograptus” fasciculatus Nicholson, 1869

Abstract A new description of “Didymograptus” fasciculatus Nicholson, 1869, is given on the basis of specimens from the Skiddaw Slates (Zone of Didymograptus bifidus) some of which are preserved in relief. The uniramous rhabdosomal form is confirmed. The presence of prothecal folds indicates that the species belongs in the family Sinograptidae Mu, 1957, and adoption of the generic name Nicholsonograptus, proposed by Bouček and Přibyl (1951) with “ D. ” fasciculatus as the type species, is recommended. The possibility that Nicholsonograptus fasciculatus is an intraspecific variant of Holmograptus lentus (Törnquist, 1911) is discussed.
Podochela meloi Sankarankutty, Ferreira & Cunha, 2001, a junior synonym of the spider crab Inachoides forceps A. Milne-Edwards, 1879 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Inachoididae)

Podochela meloi Sankarankutty, Ferreira & Cunha, 2001, originally described in the Inachidae MacLeay, 1838, was recently transferred to the Inachoididae genus Inachoides H. Milne Edwards & Lucas, 1842, based upon overall similarities. Placement of P. meloi in both Inachoididae and Inachoides is found to be supported by a number of synapomorphies as shown herein. Podochela meloi is shown to be a junior synonym of Inachoides forceps A. MilneEdwards, 1879.
Tolerance and resistance to thermal stress in juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar

SUMMARY. 1. The chief objective was to construct a thermal tolerance polygon for juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. , using fish from four groups and two populations: two age groups from one population (0+, 1+ parr from River Leven), two size groups from the other population (slow and Fast growing 1+ parr from River Lune). 2. Fish were acclimated to constant temperatures of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 27°C; then the temperature was raised or lowered at 1°C h−1 to determine the upper and lower limits for feeding and survival over 10 min, 100 min, 1000 min and 7 days. As they were not significantly different between the four groups of fish, values at each acclimation temperature were pooled to provide arithmetic means (with SE) for the thermal tolerance polygon. 3. Incipient lethal levels (survival over 7 days) defined a tolerance zone within which salmon lived for a considerable time; upper mean incipient values increased with increasing acclimation temperature to reach a maximum of 27.8±0.2°C, lower mean incipient values were below 0°C and were therefore undetermined at acclimation temperatures <20°C but increased at higher acclimation temperatures to 2.2±0.4°C. Resistance to thermal stress outside the tolerance zone was a function of time; the ultimate lethal level (survival for 10 min) increased with acclimation temperature to a maximum of 33°C whilst the minimum value remained close to 0°C. Temperature limits for feeding increased slightly with acclimation temperature to upper and lower mean values of 22.5±0.3°C and 7.0±0.3°C. 4. In spite of different methodologies, values in the present investigation are similar to those obtained in previous, less comprehensive studies in the laboratory. They also agree with field observations on the temperature limits for feeding and survival. Thermal tolerance polygons are now available for eight species of salmonids and show that the highest temperature limits for feeding and survival are those recorded for juvenile Atlantic salmon.
The Uptake and Partitioning of Nitrogen in Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian ‘V3’ as Shown by 15N as a Tracer

ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. moth orchid, nitrogen-15, foliar application, sink-source relationship, nitrogen storage ABSTRACT. Phalaenopsis is currently the world's number one potted flower crop. It is a slow-growing plant that responds slowly to nitrogen (N) fertilization and is noted for great resilience against N deficiency. Despite the great significance of N during the cultivation of Phalaenopsis, little has been studied on the uptake and partitioning of N in this crop. The stable isotope 15 N was used as a tracer to investigate the uptake and partitioning of N and the roles of organs in sink and source relationship of N partitioning during different stages inPhalaenopsis. Fertilizer labeled with 15 N was applied to Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian 'V3' during the vegetative growth stage on different parts of plants. Both leaves and roots were able to take up N. Nitrogen uptake efficiency of young roots was the highest, followed by old roots, whereas that of leaves was lowest. No difference of N uptake efficiency was found between the upper and lower leaf surfaces. Movement of fertilizer N to the leaves occurred as early as 0.5 day after fertilizer application to the roots. The partitioning of N depended on organ sink strength. During the vegetative growth stage, newly grown leaves and newly formed roots were major sinks. Sink strength of leaves decreased with the increase in leaf age. Stalks and flowers were major sinks during the reproductive growth stage. Mature leaves were a major location where N was stored and could serve as a N source during the reproductive growth stage and also for new leaf growth.
Cyclical bending of two outer-doublet microtubules in frayed axonemes of chlamydomonas

When detergent-extracted cell models of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were left in the presence of 1 mM Mg-ATP for more than 30 minutes flagellar axonemes tended to become frayed into fine bundles of microtubules. Under such conditions, bundles made up of a pair of outer-doublet microtubules displayed oscillatory bending movements of low (< 2 Hz) frequencies. The two doublet microtubules underwent association-dissociation cycles coupled with gross bending movement. A model is presented to explain this phenomenon by unidirectional sliding interaction between the two microtubules.
Buoyancy Regulation in a Strain of Microcystis

SUMMARY: A strain of the gas-vacuolate cyanobacterium Microcystis was found to float in cultures grown at low light intensities and to sink in those grown at high intensities. The loss of buoyancy that occurred within 1 to 5 h on increasing the photon flux density from 10 to 100 μmol m-2 s-1 was investigated by centrifuging the cell suspensions in a horizontally placed capillary with a rectangular cross-section and then separately counting the floating cells under the upper tube surface and sinking cells on the lower surface. Buoyancy loss was not accompanied by loss of gas vesicles, as occurs in some other planktonic cyanobacteria, but was caused by a relative increase in dry matter, principally carbohydrate, without a corresponding increase in gas vesicles. The increase in light intensity gave an increase in cell turgor pressure but this was insufficient to collapse the strong gas vesicles present in this strain, which had a median critical pressure of 0·75 MPa (7·5 bar).
Metabolic responses to temperature stress under elevated pCO2 in Crepidula fornicata

In the current context of environmental change, ocean acidification is predicted to affect the cellular processes, physiology and behaviour of all marine organisms, impacting survival, growth and reproduction. In relation to thermal tolerance limits, the effects of elevated pCO2 could be expected to be more pronounced at the upper limits of the thermal tolerance window. Our study focused on Crepidula fornicata, an invasive gastropod which colonized shallow waters around European coasts during the 20th century. We investigated the effects of 10 weeks' exposure to current (380 µatm) and elevated (550, 750, 1,000 µatm) pCO2 on this engineer species using an acute temperature increase (1 °C 12 h−1) as the test. Respiration rates were measured on both males (small individuals) and females (large individuals). Mortality increased suddenly from 34 °C, particularly in females. Respiration rate in C. fornicata increased linearly with temperature between 18 and 34 °C, but no differences were detected between the different pCO2 conditions either in the regressions between respiration rate and temperature or in Q10 values. In the same way, condition indices were similar in all the pCO2 treatments at the end of the experiment, but decreased from the beginning of the experiment. This species was highly resistant to acute exposure to high temperature regardless of pCO2 levels, even though food was limited during the experiment. Crepidula fornicata appears to have either developed resistance mechanisms or a strong phenotypic plasticity to deal with fluctuations of physicochemical parameters in its habitat. This suggests that invasive species may be more resistant to future environmental changes than its native competitors.
Fachbereich II – Mathematik-Physik-Chemie 02/2016 Ulrike Grömping Interaction Contributions as Coding Invariant Single Degree of Freedom Contributions to Generalized Word Counts Interaction Contributions als kodierungs-invariante ein- Freiheitsgrad Beiträge zu verallgemeinerten Wort-Anzahlen

This paper proposes “interaction contributions” (ICs), tabulated in interaction frequency tables, for a coding invariant single degree of freedom decomposition of generalized word counts for factorial designs with qualitative factors. The ICs are based on singular value decomposition and relate to bias contributions by interaction degrees of freedom on the estimation of the intercept. Fontana, Rapallo and Rogantin’s (2016) work on mean aberrations has given rise to this work. The paper introduces ICs and their tabulations and illustrates their behavior in various examples. Some of these compare the proposed ICs to mean aberration tables for situations where both are applicable.
Changes in Big N auditors’ client selection and retention strategies over time

We examine changes over time in Big N auditors’ client selection and retention strategies, from 1970 to 2015, by client size and risk segments. We particularly focus on the period from 1997 to 2001, characterized by numerous tumultuous events that led to the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). We find that Big N auditors shed en masse the smallest and riskiest clients during this tumultuous phase. Our results show that the initial impetus for the change in Big N’s client selection strategies at the dawn of the twenty-first century came from changes in the market conditions, not the demise of Arthur Andersen and the implementation of SOX, as concluded in prior literature. Those changes led to the current divide between the characteristics of Big N and non-Big N client segments that is taken for granted today. Our findings also shed light on the debate about the Big N association with audit quality. While we find existence of a Big N effect, we also find that this effect is highly correlated with, and appears and disappears with, changes in Big N’s client screening criteria.
Running head: REVIEW OF WORK-RELATED SOCIAL SKILLS 1 A Systematic Literature Review of Interventions to Improve Work-Related Social Skills of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience impairments in social communication, which may affect their ability to develop social skills necessary for successful employment. It is unclear which types of interventions have been used to teach specific workrelated social skills to individuals with ASD and what the overall effectiveness of those interventions has been. This article reviewed the literature on interventions targeting improvement in work-related social skills of individuals with ASD. Database searches yielded 1,140 articles; 14 articles met inclusion criteria. Interventions that incorporated several common elements (e.g., modeling, rehearsals, feedback) or used visually-based, technological approaches resulted in improved work-related social skills. However, high-quality research is needed, as is research that occurs in competitive, integrated workplace settings.
Adubação nitrogenada e potássica em goiabeiras ‘paluma’: II. efeito no estado nutricional das plantas

ABSTRACTThe proper mineral fertilization of guava orchards under intensive management, is a major factor in productivity and monitoring the nutritional status of the plants contributes to the efficiency of this agronomic practice. The aim of this study was to investigate different doses of nitrogen and potassium in the nutritional status of guava ‘Paluma’. The experiment was conducted at Vista Alegre do Alto, Sao Paulo, in a 7 year old irrigated orchard, managedwith fruiting pruning during four consecutive growing seasons. The soil is a dystrophic Ultisol. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in factorial, with four nitrogen doses (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 kg of N plant-1) and four of potassium (0, 0.55, 1.1 and 2.2 kg of K2O plant-1), with three replications. Nitrogen fertilization promoted increased levels of leaf N and Mn and the decrease in the levels of P and B; effects observed from the second to the fourth production cycle. Nitrogen fertilization increased the Ca and Mg levels, respectively, in the second and third cycle. Except for the first production cycle, K and Mn foliar concentrations increased with increasing potassium fertilization, whereas the levels of Mg, in the second and the fourth cycle, decreased as a function of fertilization.
An emerging role of regulatory T-cells in cardiovascular repair and regeneration

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that immune cells play an important role in the regulation of tissue repair and regeneration. After injury, danger signals released by the damaged tissue trigger the initial pro-inflammatory phase essential for removing pathogens or cellular debris that is later replaced by the anti-inflammatory phase responsible for tissue healing. On the other hand, impaired immune regulation can lead to excessive scarring and fibrosis that could be detrimental for the restoration of organ function. Regulatory T-cells (Treg) have been revealed as the master regulator of the immune system that have both the immune and regenerative functions. In this review, we will summarize their immune role in the induction and maintenance of self-tolerance; as well as their regenerative role in directing tissue specific response for repair and regeneration. The latter is clearly demonstrated when Treg enhance the differentiation of stem or progenitor cells such as satellite cells to replace the damaged skeletal muscle, as well as the proliferation of parenchymal cells including neonatal cardiomyocytes for functional regeneration. Moreover, we will also discuss the reparative and regenerative role of Treg with a particular focus on blood vessels and cardiac tissues. Last but not least, we will describe the ongoing clinical trials with Treg in the treatment of autoimmune diseases that could give clinically relevant insights into the development of Treg therapy targeting tissue repair and regeneration.
An Experimental Framework for Characterizing Adversarial Behavior in Social Networks

We introduce the Adversarial Social Network Analysis game (ASNA game), an experimental framework to study the adversarial behavior of covert groups in social networks. We conduct experiments on Amazon Mechanical Turk using the proposed framework, which models interactions between a data collector and members of an adversarial group as a network game. Participants of the experiments play as adversarial nodes in the game. Our goal is to understand the factors that motivate an individual to report network or attribute data dishonestly. We demonstrate the validity of the ASNA game framework by showing that participants understand and pay attention to key elements of the game, they try to maximize their objective in the game, and they show loyalty to the