Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy

The present study reviews the Maternal Nutrition knowledge of health care providers (ANMs and ASHAs) of Primary Health Centers (PHCs) and Community Health Centers (CHCs) and attempts to find out the existing gaps in their knowledge level related to maternal nutrition as well as discusses strategies to bridge those gaps. Good nutrition is the core pillar for human development and its necessity varies with respect to age, gender and during physiological changes such as pregnancy which is a critical phase in a woman's life when the expectant mother needs optimal nutrients to support the developing fetus. Awareness about appropriate nutrition during pregnancy is a serious concern and lack of it may lead to child morbidity and mortality. Therefore it is imperative to address this issue properly in various government policies and schemes. ICDS scheme initiated by Government of India is a major step in this regard which provides nutrition after maternal and health education, supplementary nutrition, family planning tips etc. to the pregnant women. The Anganwadi workers are the basic functionaries of the ICDS scheme and their services (providing counseling, supplementary nutrition, distribution of Iron & Folic acid tablets) are transmitted to the beneficiaries through a channel of Anganwadi centers (AWCs). Keeping the above background in mind relevant literature such as journals, newspapers, articles, research papers from Scopus, Pub Med, research gate, and Google scholar related to national and state policies pertinent to maternal nutrition were reviewed to find out the existing gaps in the knowledge level of health care providers. It is concluded from the study that maternal nutritional needs have to be prioritized in government health programmes and strategies to improve the status of expectant mothers need to be implemented to address nutritional challenges. Government schemes can be strengthened by promoting integration of services, ensuring effective procurement mechanisms for supplementary nutrition and food supplements, establishing regional training facilities and strengthening program monitoring and evaluation
Evaluation of Possible Effects of Hyoscine in Xylazine-Induced Fetal Death in Pregnant Rats

Although xylazine is widely used in domestic animals as a sedative, analgesic, and muscle relaxant, its side effects on the uterus prevent its utilization in pregnant animals or in embryo transfer. Although the effects of xylazine on increasing uterine contractions have been confirmed, no reliable report of fetal death due to xylazine administration has been published. Hyoscine is an anticholinergic medication that has antimuscarinic and antispasmodic effects in the uterine tissue of pregnant cattle during in vitro studies, therefore, we investigated if administration of xylazine in the last third of pregnancy could increase fetal death and if hyoscine could prevent its adverse effects. Twenty adult female rats, after mating with four adult male rats and confirming pregnancy, were randomly divided into two equal control and treatment groups. On the 18 th day of pregnancy, the number of fetuses per rat was determined using ultrasonography. Rats in the treatment group received hyoscine (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) for 3 days. Subsequently, all rats were administered xylazine (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) for 3 days. On the 21st day of pregnancy, the number of living and dead fetuses was counted after laparotomy. Also, the weight and dimensions of the fetuses were measured. The results showed that although more fetuses lost their lives in the treatment group compared to the control group, the statistical difference in the percentage of fetal mortality in the two groups was not significant ( p  0.05). In addition, the comparison of the mean weight, body length, and body width of living and dead fetuses in both groups showed that there was no statistically significant difference between these groups ( p  0.05). It could be concluded that maternal xylazine intake in rats could cause about 18-25% of fetal mortality. However, the use of hyoscine to prevent fetal death induced by xylazine is not recommended.
differential diagnosis based on clinical, CT, and Lateral ventricular neoplasms of the brain:

The differential diagnosis of lateral ventricular tumors was explored by retrospective analysis of 47 pathologically proved cases identified by CT and{or MR imaging. Third ventricular tumors adjacent to the foramen of Monro (e.g., colloid cysts) were excluded. Forty-six patients underwent CT, and eight had MR imaging. The most common neo plasms were choroid plexus papilloma (10 cases) and meningioma (nine cases). Other common neoplasms included subependymoma (six cases), subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (five cases), and metastasis/lymphoma (four cases). Important features for differential diagnosis included age of the patient, the tumor's location within the lateral ventricle, and density on CT before IV administration of contrast material. Fifty percent of the tumors were in the ventricular atrium. All intraventricular tumor types (except subependymoma) showed contrast enhancement. MR was most useful in evaluating tumor location, size, and extent, but
Fluvial incision and sequence stratigraphy: alluvial responses to relative sea-level fall and their detection in the geological record

Abstract A critical question in sequence stratigraphy is whether or not a falling or lowered sea level will cause a river or delta distributary channel to incise and thus help to initiate an Exxon type-1 unconformable surface. River adjustment to relative sea-level fall was quantitatively modelled by linear diffusion. Although not a new approach to the general problem of river incision, these numerical experiments illustrate the rates and magnitudes of channel incision expected for various combinations of river slope, shelf slope and sediment transport coefficient. The results of the modelling broadly agree with, admittedly uncertain, field observations from the Gulf Coastal Plain of the USA. Incised valleys have limited lateral extent because of the slowness of valley side slope retreat. Successive nodal avulsions upstream of the highest point of channel incision may progressively neutralize the effects of sea-level fall in younger channel courses. It is also possible that incision is reduced or eliminated by rivers with high sediment transfer coefficients: it is shown that rivers may ‘keep up’ with sea-level fall under certain circumstances, constructing a prograding alluvial plain over a previous ramp-like shelf with little slope differential. These conclusions apply to the recognition of geologically ancient incision and thus to the existence or otherwise of local and regional sequence stratigraphical boundaries caused by relative sea-level fall. We briefly discuss examples from the stratigraphical record and conclude that much exciting work remains to be done in the field and on the computer.
The demographic profile of the Man Bac cemetery sample

The chief aims of this chapter are to describe the Man Bac human skeletal sample in terms of its sex and age-at-death distributions. Moreover, the preservation of the sample will be discussed in the context of a demographic reconstruction of the past population, which will include a range of measures of fertility. Inferences regarding the demographic 'health' of the population will be made with reference to major social and behavioural changes seen in the region some 3,500 years ago.
A review to determine the need, location, and design of runaway lanes in British Columbia

British Columbia's steep mountain highways require runaway lanes to assist heavy vehicles if they lose control. Runaway lanes, or speed control lanes have been implemented in Canadian and American highways for over 40 years. They are used in mountainous regions as a primary tool to minimize the risk and consequences of heavy vehicle runaway accidents. Insufficient vehicle and brake maintenance, improper use of brake check faculties prior to descending steep grades, excessive descent speeds and/or relying primarily on the service brakes to control speed on downgrades leading to excessive brake heating results in a loss of brake capacity. Also, the lack of knowledge of the highway terrain to be encountered contributes to a condition where the driver has insufficient brake capacity to reduce vehicle speed for the road terrain being encountered. Runaway lanes are therefore placed at various locations along steep and/or lengthy downgrades where drivers can utilize them soon after realizing that a potential runaway situation exists. A comprehensive review of previous work relating to runaway lane design was conducted. Full scale tests of several runaway lane designs currently existing in British Columbia were carried out to identify any design deficiencies. In addition, a brake temperature model was evaluated and modified to reflect the eight axle truck configurations existing in British Columbia to devise a simple runaway lane warrant.
Relationship of age, prostate-speci ﬁ c antigen, and prostate volume in Indonesian men with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Background: To investigate the relationship between age, prostate speci ﬁ c antigen (PSA), and prostate volume (PV) in Indonesian men with histologically proven benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods: Data were generated from our BPH database from June 1994 until December 2013. Subjects were men with a minimum age of 40 years with chief complaint of LUTS or urinary retention, diagnosed with BPH. All patients underwent TRUS-guided prostate biopsy. Patients with PSA level > 10 ng/mL were excluded from the study to exclude the possibility of occult prostate cancer. PV was measured with TRUS. Appropriate statistical tests were employed for data analysis. Results: In all,1638 patients were enrolled in our study. There was a statistically signi ﬁ cant difference in PSA ( P ¼ 0.03) and PV ( P < 0.0001) between age groups. Overall correlation between age, PSA, and PV were: i). Age and PV ( r ¼ 0.12, P < 0.0001); ii). Age and PSA (r ¼ 0.07, P ¼ 0.008); iii). PSA and PV ( r ¼ 0.26, P < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis in terms of indwelling catheter use versus without: i). Age 66.09 ± 8 years versus 65.38 ± 7.66 years ( P ¼ 0.158); ii). PSA 4.93 ± 2.62 ng/mL versus 4.68 ± 2.82 ng/mL ( P ¼ 0.038); iii). PV 47.58 ± 21.33 mL versus 41.43 ± 20.55 mL ( P < 0.0001). Correlation between age, PSA, and PV in patients were similar in patients with and without indwelling catheter. Conclusion: In Indonesian men with biopsy-proven BPH, both PV and PSA increased with ageing. Prostate volume was signi ﬁ cantly correlated with PSA. Even though the results were weaker, these re-sults are consistent with results in other sets of population. The results vary between different countries and thus, ethnicities. Indonesia is a populous a sociocultural and ethnically diverse country. Therefore, aside from PSA, age, and PV, when investigating men with BPH, ethnicity may also need to be taken into account.
Effect of gallic acid as a final irrigant on push-out bond strength of an epoxy resin sealer to root canal dentin

Introduction: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), a widely used chelating agent, compromises the bond strength of resin-based sealers when used as a final irrigating solution. Hence, the push-out bond strength of AH Plus, a resin-based sealer, was analyzed when gallic acid, "a chelator" was used as a last irrigating solution. Methods: Forty human single-rooted teeth were accessed and randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 10): EA (17% EDTA), MA (7% maleic acid), GA (10% gallic acid), and SA (saline). After irrigation, the root canals were coated with AH Plus sealer and obturated using gutta-percha. The root canals were sectioned horizontally into coronal, middle, and apical thirds for evaluating the push-out bond strength. A universal testing machine with a compressive loading of 1 mm/min was employed to test the samples. Results: An increased push-out bond strength was noted with GA in coronal one-third compared to EA and SA but not significant compared to MA (P > 0.05). Similar observations were seen in the middle one-third; however, it was statistically significant compared to all other groups (P < 0.05). Also, the difference between the groups in the apical one-third was not significant. SA showed the lowest push-out bond strength than experimental groups, which was significant in all three sections (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The final rinse of 10% gallic acid increased the push-out bond strength of AH Plus to the root dentin in all thirds of the root canal. Hence, gallic acid 10% might be an effective alternative solution in place of synthetic chelators.
PERSPECTIVE OPEN Importance of internal variability for climate model assessment

Benchmarking climate model simulations against observations of the climate is core to the process of building realistic climate models and developing accurate future projections. However, in many cases, models do not match historical observations, particularly on regional scales. If there is a mismatch between modeled and observed climate features, should we necessarily conclude that our models are de ﬁ cient? Using several illustrative examples, we emphasize that internal variability can easily lead to marked differences between the basic features of the model and observed climate, even when decades of model and observed data are available. This can appear as an apparent failure of models to capture regional trends or changes in global teleconnections, or simulation of extreme events. Despite a large body of literature on the impact of internal variability on climate, this acknowledgment has not yet penetrated many model evaluation activities, particularly for regional climate. We emphasize that using a single or small ensemble of simulations to conclude that a climate model is in error can lead to premature conclusions on model ﬁ delity. A large ensemble of multidecadal simulations is therefore needed to properly sample internal climate variability in order to robustly identify model de ﬁ ciencies and convincingly demonstrate progress between generations of climate models. npj Climate and Atmospheric Science (2023) 6:68 ; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-023-00389-0
Language Teaching Research Quarterly

In current research into second language (L2) speaking, aspects of fluency are measured as static constructs. Averaged over a complete speaking performance, for instance, syllables per minute is calculated. Similarly, the number of pauses is calculated per minute, averaged over a complete speaking task. This paper argues, however, that we need to investigate fluency as a dynamic construct. Research into L1 speaking has shown that L1 fluency aspects may show cyclical temporal patterns (Roberts & Kirsner, 2000). In addition, research into the changes in perception of L2 comprehensibility during task performance has shown that L2 comprehensibility may show dynamic patterns, with implications for ratings on comprehensibility (Nagle et al., 2019). This paper, therefore, argues that L2 fluency should be investigated as a dynamic construct as well. The paper finishes by sketching pedagogical implications and directions for future research.
Hyperglycaemia as a Stroke Mimic: A Case Report of Homonymous Hemianopia Due to Hyperglycaemia

Focal neurological symptoms, in the context of non-ketotic hyperosomolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS), are a well-documented phenomenon. It is less clear whether focal neurological symptoms can be a manifestation of hyper-glycaemia without evidence of ketosis or hyperosmolality. This report describes a case of a 58 year old Caucasian male who presented with a macula-sparing left homonymous hemianopia in the context of hyperglycaemia and a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus without any radiological evidence of stroke on Computer Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain. While chronic hyperglycaemia, in the context of diabetes mellitus, itself is a risk factor for stroke, the aim of this presentation is to increase awareness that hyperglycaemia may present with focal neurological deficits mimicking stroke
Associated Factors for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus among Children in Raparin Administration in the Kurdistan Region/Iraq

Background: Type 1 diabetes, also known as DM1, is a chronic disease caused by the destruction of beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin by the immune system. Insulin deficiency is the direct consequence of the destruction of beta cells. Aim: The main objective of this study is to identify the sociodemographic characteristics of the study samples. The main purpose of this research is to explore the associated factors between children's diabetes mellitus type 1 during the previous year. Methods: A cross-sectional study had been carried out in the Raparin Administration unit for chronic diseases care in Rayna city and Qaladza city and the Raparin administration. non-probability / purposive sample sampling technique used for selection of 70 children who will have chronic type1 diabetes Miletus. The data was collected through structured interviews with mothers and method contact phone numbers. using a special designed questionnaire, During the period of 25 April 2022 up to 30 August 2022. A Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v.25) was used for statistical analysis. Results: 70 samples of patients had chronic type1 diabetes Miletus. Patient relationships between Associated Factors with DM1 From this study, family history of type 1 diabetes type1 and maternal risk factors (gestational diabetes, infectious diseases during the first trimester of pregnancy, and maternal habits of much drinking tea, coffee during pregnancy. Those risk factors are significant with DM1 because p-values < 0.05. and neonatal risk factors, history of jaundice and neonatal infectious diseases important with DM1 because p-values < 0.05. and nutritional factors cow's milk used before 1 year has a low rate of exclusive breastfeeding, vitamin D-with DM1 because p-values < 0.05. Conclusions: In conclusion, in Raparin children with T1DM From this study it can be concluded had wide range of maternal
THE ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS NUTRIENTS IN TAIHU LAKE

Taihu Lake is the third largest freshwater lake of China in southern part of Jiangsu Province,nurturing the most economically developed region including Shanghai,Suzhou,Wuxi,Changzhou cities and so on with high-density population and well-developed industry near Changjiang (Yangtze) River delta. However,this region suffered from environmental pollution and eutrophication by excessive atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorus deposits. To better understand the negative impact for remediation,wet and dry atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus and chemical composition of rainwater were sampled and measured from 2002 to 2003 in the lake and the surrounding areas. Results show that the annual average Rt (total apparent deposition rate) was 4226 for TN and 306 for TP in kg/km2·a. The annual atmospheric load of TN and TP accounted for 48.8% and 46.2% respectively of total point pollution sources from tributary rivers. Atmospheric rainfall was recognized as a major source of TN into Taihu Lake,whereas atmospheric TP is mainly resulted from dry deposition of solid material in aerosol. The amounts of atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants deposited into Taihu Lake by light rain were higher than by heavier rain,and the value of RT peaked in spring (May to March). The current situation may aggravate the eutrophication in the lake area and damage relating aquatic ecosystem in Yangtze River delta.
Quantifying and Understanding Forced Changes to Unforced Modes of 1 Atmospheric Circulation Variability over the North Pacific in a Coupled 2 Model Large Ensemble

While much attention has been given to understanding how anthropogenic radiative forcing 21 influences the mean state of the climate system, far less scrutiny has been paid to how it may 22 modulate naturally occurring modes of variability. This study investigates forced changes to 23 unforced modes of wintertime atmospheric circulation variability and associated impacts on 24 precipitation over the North Pacific and adjacent regions based on the 40-member Community 25 Earth System Model version 1 Large Ensemble across the 1920-2100 period. Each simulation is 26 subject to the same radiative forcing protocol but starts from a slightly different initial condition, 27 leading to different sequences of internal variability. Evolving forced changes in the amplitude 28 and spatial character of the leading internal modes of 500 hPa geopotential height variability are 29 determined by applying Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis across the ensemble dimension 30 at each time step. The results show that the leading modes of internal variability intensify and 31 expand their region of influence in response to anthropogenic forcing, with concomitant impacts 32 on precipitation. Linkages between the Pacific and Atlantic sectors, and between the tropics and 33 extratropics, are also enhanced in the future. These projected changes are driven partly by 34 teleconnections from amplified ENSO activity and partly by dynamical processes intrinsic to the 35 extra-tropical atmosphere. The marked influence of anthropogenic forcing on the characteristics 36 of internal extratropical atmospheric circulation variability presents fundamental societal 37 challenges to future water resource planning, flood control, and drought mitigation. 38
Adam vs. SGD: Closing the generalization gap on image classiﬁcation

Adam is an adaptive deep neural network training optimizer that has been widely used across a variety of applications. However, on image classiﬁcation problems, its generalization performance is signiﬁcantly worse than stochastic gradient descent (SGD). By tuning several inner hyperparameters of Adam, it is possible to lift the performance of Adam and close this gap; but this makes the use of Adam computationally expensive. In this paper, we use a new training approach based on layer-wise weight normalization (LAWN) to solidly improve Adam’s performance and close the gap with SGD. LAWN also helps reduce the impact of batch size on Adam’s performance. With speed in tact and performance vastly improved, the Adam-LAWN combination becomes an attractive optimizer for use in image classiﬁcation.
An Assessment of Capital Structure Influencing on Profitability: A Case of Listed Banks on the Ghana Stock Exchange

This study aimed to examine the impact of capital structure on bank performance using data from nine listed banks on the Ghana Stock Exchange. The study utilised secondary panel data extracted from the published financial statements of these banks. Bank performance was measured using return on assets and return on equity as proxies, while the ratio of total debt to total assets served as the independent variable. Additionally, firms' age, size, and liquidity were control variables. The random effect technique was used for analysis, employing Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Autoregressive methods. The results indicated a positive and significant relationship between total debt to total assets, return on assets and equity. Furthermore, firms' age positively and significantly impacted the return on assets and return on equity in both models. Interestingly, the study found a negative effect of firms' liquidity on return on assets in model one, while the size of the firms had no impact on bank performance. Policymakers can encourage financial institutions to provide accessible and affordable lending options to businesses, enabling them to leverage debt effectively. This can be particularly beneficial for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that often face challenges accessing capital.