Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Type of article : Review ( by invitation ) Title : Immune Evasion in Pancreatic Cancer : from Mechanisms to Therapy

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), the most frequent type of pancreatic cancer, is one of the main unfinished businesses in the biomedical and clinical fields, with still discouraging 5 year survival rates and poor therapy efficiency. PDA abundant desmoplasia has for long played the lead in the mechanisms involved in poor drug performance, being the main source of cytokines and chemokines orchestrating rapid and silent tumor progression and guilty of isolating tumor cells into a extense fibrotic reaction resulting in inefficient drug delivery. However, since immunotherapy was proclaimed the breakthrough of the year back to 2013, the focus in the stroma of pancreatic cancer has interestingly moved from activated fibroblasts to the immune compartment, trying to understand the immunosuppressive factors that play part in the strong immune evasion that characterizes PDA. PDA microenvironment is highly immune-suppressive, being basically composed of T regulatory cells (Tregs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSCs), which boycott CD8+ Tcell duties in tumor recognition and clearance. Interestingly, preclinical data have highlighted the importance of this immune evasion as the source of resistance to single checkpoint immunotherapies and cancer vaccines and point at pathways inhibiting the immune attack as the key to solve the therapy puzzle. Here, we will discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in PDA immune escape as well as the state of the art of the PDA immunotherapy.
of Geophysical Research : Solid Earth On the Mechanical Effects of Poroelastic Crystal Mush in Classical Magma Chamber Models

Improved constraints on the mechanical behavior of magma chambers is essential for understanding volcanic processes; however, the role of crystal mush on the mechanical evolution of magma chambers has not yet been systematically studied. Existing magma chamber models typically consider magma chambers to be isolated melt bodies surrounded by elastic crust. In this study, we develop a physical model to account for the presence and properties of crystal mush in magma chambers and investigate its impact on the mechanical processes during and after injection of new magma. Our model assumes the magma chamber to be a spherical body consisting of a liquid core of fluid magma within a shell of crystal mush that behaves primarily as a poroelastic material. We investigate the characteristics of time-dependent evolution in the magma chamber, both during and after the injection, and find that quantities such as overpressure and tensile stress continue to evolve after the injection has stopped, a feature that is absent in elastic (mushless) models. The time scales relevant to the postinjection evolution vary from hours to thousands of years, depending on the micromechanical properties of the mush, the viscosity of magma, and chamber size. We compare our poroelastic results to the behavior of a magma chamber with an effectively viscoelastic shell and find that only the poroelastic model displays a time scale dependence on the size of the chamber for any fixed mush volume fraction. This study demonstrates that crystal mush can significantly influence the mechanical behaviors of crustal magmatic reservoirs.
Biarticular mechanisms of the gastrocnemii muscles enhance ankle mechanical power and work during running

The objective of the study was to explore how biarticular mechanisms of the gastrocnemii muscles may provide an important energy source for power and work at the ankle joint with increasing running speed. Achilles tendon force was quantified as a proxy of the triceps surae muscle force and the contribution of the monoarticular soleus and the biarticular gastrocnemii to the mechanical power and work performed at the ankle joint was investigated in three running speeds (transition 2.0 m s−1, slow 2.5 m s−1, fast 3.5 m s−1). Although the contribution of the soleus was higher, biarticular mechanisms of the gastrocnemii accounted for a relevant part of the performed mechanical power and work at the ankle joint. There was an ankle-to-knee joint energy transfer in the first part of the stance phase and a knee-to-ankle joint energy transfer during push-off via the gastrocnemii muscles, which made up 16% of the total positive ankle joint work. The rate of knee-to-ankle joint energy transfer increased with speed, indicating a speed-related participation of biarticular mechanisms in running. This energy transfer via the gastrocnemii seems to occur with negligible energy absorption/production from the quadriceps vasti contractile elements and is rather an energy exchange between elastic structures.
Measures of Disparity and their Efficient Estimation

Quantifying disparities, that is differences in outcomes among population groups, is an important task in public health, economics, and increasingly in machine learning. In this work, we study the question of how to collect data to measure disparities. The field of survey statistics provides extensive guidance on sample sizes necessary to accurately estimate quantities such as averages. However, there is limited guidance for estimating disparities. We consider a broad class of disparity metrics including those used in machine learning for measuring fairness of model outputs. For each metric, we derive the number of samples to be collected per group that increases the precision of disparity estimates given a fixed data collection budget. We also provide sample size calculations for hypothesis tests that check for significant disparities. Our methods can be used to determine sample sizes for fairness evaluations. We validate the methods on two nationwide surveys, used for understanding population-level attributes like employment and health, and a prediction model. Absent a priori information on the groups, we find that equally sampling the groups typically performs well.
Determinates of anemia among Human Immune Deficiency Virus positive children on Anti-retro Viral Therapy in selected health facilities, Northwest Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study

Abstract Even though antiretroviral therapy (ART) access for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children increased dramatically, anaemia has continued as a challenge regardless of a cluster of differentiation (CD4) count and viral load. Hence, the present study aimed to assess the determinants of iron deficiency anaemia among children living with HIV after the initiation of ART. An institution-based unmatched case–control study was conducted among consecutively selected 712 children on HIV care from 1 September to 30 October 2022 in the Metekel zone. A pre-tested and structured data extraction checklist was used to collect the data. Data were analysed using STATA version 16 software. Binary logistic regression was used to find the association between independent variables and anaemia. The level of statistical significance was declared at a value of P < 0⋅05. A total of 712 HIV-positive children (178 cases and 534 controls) were included in this study, with a completeness rate of 98⋅8 %. In multivariable analysis, variables that have a statistically significant association with anaemia were as follows: CD4 count <350 (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 2⋅76; 95 % CI 1⋅76, 4⋅34), World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stage III (AOR 7⋅9; 95 % CI 3⋅5, 17⋅91) and stage IV (AOR 7⋅8; 95 % CI 3⋅37, 18⋅1), cotrimoxazole prophylaxis therapy (AOR 0⋅5; 95 % CI 0⋅31, 0⋅8) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) ≤11⋅5 mm (AOR 2⋅1; 95 % CI 1⋅34, 3⋅28). The present study found that CD4 count, WHO clinical stage, cotrimoxazole prophylaxis therapy and MUAC were significantly associated with anaemia in children on ART. Therefore, continuous screening of anaemia and nutritional treatment is essential in these patients.
Estudio gravimétrico de la cuenca terciaria de Sarria (Lugo – España)

A gravimetric study has been carried out in the Sarria Basin and its surroundings. This survey provides new data concerning the relationship between the tertiary tectonic and its sedimentary deposits. This study shows as well the relevant gravity anomaly associated to the granitic massifs. The data analysis confirms that the basin is organized by faults N 30o and N 50o, which also affect the granitic massifs and the variscan structures of the region. These faults are responsible for the tertiary basin depocentre and control its geometry and limits. The maximum current thickness for the basin is 200m. The main activity for this family faults is intratertiary.
Testing for age-dependent effects of dietary restriction on the strength of condition dependence in ejaculate traits in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)

Ejaculates can be costly to produce and depend on an individual's condition, defined as the pool of resources allocated to fitness. A method for assessing condition dependence is to manipulate resource availability and test for a reduction in trait expression. Here, we assess the effects of dietary restriction on two determinants of reproductive fitness in the guppy Poecilia reticulata—sperm production and sperm motility. Importantly, we administered dietary restriction at distinct developmental stages to test: (1) whether dietary restriction, when applied exclusively to juveniles, compromised the ejaculates of newly mature males; (2) whether any observed effects of dietary restriction seen in (1) were reversible when fish returned to an unrestricted diet; and (3) whether dietary restriction applied exclusively to adults influenced ejaculates. We found detrimental effects of resource limitation on both traits, and these were consistent across the three developmental stages tested. Furthermore, dietary restriction reduced male body weight, but this was partially reversed when diet-stressed juveniles (i.e. group 2) returned to unrestricted diets. This latter result suggests that diet-stressed males may sacrifice growth in order to maintain their investment in ejaculates. Together these findings underscore the importance of resource acquisition in determining the expression of ejaculate traits.
On Projected Stochastic Gradient Descent Algorithm with Weighted Averaging for Least Squares Regression

The problem of least squares regression of a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$</tex-math> </inline-formula>-dimensional unknown parameter is considered. A stochastic gradient descent based algorithm with weighted iterate-averaging that uses a single pass over the data is studied and its convergence rate is analyzed. We first consider a bounded constraint set of the unknown parameter. Under some standard regularity assumptions, we provide an explicit <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(1/k)$</tex-math></inline-formula> upper bound on the convergence rate, depending on the variance (due to the additive noise in the measurements) and the size of the constraint set. We show that the variance term dominates the error and decreases with rate <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1/k$</tex-math></inline-formula>, while the term that is related to the size of the constraint set decreases with rate <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\log k/k^2$</tex-math></inline-formula> . We then compare the asymptotic ratio <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho$</tex-math></inline-formula> between the convergence rate of the proposed scheme and the empirical risk minimizer (ERM) as the number of iterations approaches infinity. We show that <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho \leq 4$</tex-math></inline-formula> for all <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d\geq 1$</tex-math></inline-formula> when the random entries of the sensing vector are uncorrelated and identically distributed. We further improve the upper bound by showing that <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho \leq 4/3$</tex-math></inline-formula> for the case of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d=1$</tex-math></inline-formula> and unbounded parameter set when the random sensing entries are equal across time. Simulation results demonstrate strong performance of the algorithm as compared to existing methods, and coincide with <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho \leq 4/3$</tex-math> </inline-formula> even for large <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$</tex-math></inline-formula> in practice.
Interactive Effect Of Cobalt And Salinity On Tomato Plants I- Growth And Mineral Composition As Affected By Cobalt And Salinity

The study was carried out at the greenhouse, of Faculty of Agriculture Ain Shams University, during 2003 August 15th to study the interactive effect of cobalt and salinity on growth and mineral composition of two tomato varieties differing in their salt tolerance, namely Moneymaker (as salinity sensitive) and Edcawy (as salinity tolerance). A pot experiment was carried using acid washed sand and 10 kg capacity plastic pots. Five weeks old tomatoes seedlings were transferred to each pot. The saline water used was prepared in five concentrations namely 0.0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm . Cobalt was added once at the first week in the form of CoSO . 7 H O in 5 levels: 0.0, 7.5, 15.0, 22.5 and 30.0 ppm cobalt. All treatments were triplicated in complete 4 2 randomized block design. Fresh and dry weight were recorded at the end of the experiment and analysed for N, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cl and Co, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: Increasing cobalt level in the culrtural media up to 15.0 ppm cobalt stimulated the growth and dry matter yield of both varieties, shoots and roots at all levels of salinity. Increasing salinity levels in the plant media significantly decreased Mn, Zn and Cu in shoots and roots of both varieties. Increasing salinity level, in the medium resulted in a significant decrease in cobalt concentrations in shoots and roots of both varieties except with the level 7.5 ppm cobalt. When cobalt concentration was increased in the media a progressive depression effect in iron content was noticed. Increasing salinity levels increased Fe in shoots and roots in both varieties, in contrast when cobalt levels were increased Fe content decreased. Salt treatment, in general, decreased the content of N, P and K in both shoots and roots of the two varieties. On the other hand, 7.5 ppm cobalt treatment showed beneficial effect on the status of these elements. Cobalt concentrations up to 15.0 ppm cobalt resulted an increase in Ca and Mg content of shoots and roots while Na and Cl concentration decreased. ++ ++ ++
Dynamic Multimodal Fusion via Meta-Learning Towards Micro-Video Recommendation

Multimodal information (e.g., visual, acoustic, and textual) has been widely used to enhance representation learning for micro-video recommendation. For integrating multimodal information into a joint representation of micro-video, multimodal fusion plays a vital role in the existing micro-video recommendation approaches. However, the static multimodal fusion used in previous studies is insufficient to model the various relationships among multimodal information of different micro-videos. In this article, we develop a novel meta-learning-based multimodal fusion framework called Meta Multimodal Fusion (MetaMMF), which dynamically assigns parameters to the multimodal fusion function for each micro-video during its representation learning. Specifically, MetaMMF regards the multimodal fusion of each micro-video as an independent task. Based on the meta information extracted from the multimodal features of the input task, MetaMMF parameterizes a neural network as the item-specific fusion function via a meta learner. We perform extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets, demonstrating the significant improvements over several state-of-the-art multimodal recommendation models, like MMGCN, LATTICE, and InvRL. Furthermore, we lighten our model by adopting canonical polyadic decomposition to improve the training efficiency, and validate its effectiveness through experimental results. Codes are available at https://github.com/hanliu95/MetaMMF.
Reclaiming social aspects in sustainable development - Urban agriculture in Cuba

The state of the world’s cities today forces us to address the issue of sustainability. More people are moving in to the cities and urban planners and designers are put to a challenge of dealing with this by creating a livable environment. Social aspects of sustainability within urban planning and design have been less acknowledged than the environmental and economical aspects. In Cuba a movement of urban agriculture sprung to reduce food crises in the early 90’s and has now created new elements in the townscape. At the same time movements in many developed countries have started urban farming activities as well, mainly due to social and environmental reasons. This thesis focuses on the appearance of social aspects in municipal urban agriculture in Havana, Cuba. The method used is abduction through observations on five sites in Havana, Cuba. To narrow it down and make the analysis concrete Social Impact Assessment is used as a framework for the observation. The thesis reveals a number of social aspects that are promoted through the municipal urban agriculture in Havana, such as food access, employment, social gain and sense of place. It distinguishes what factors in the physical environment that promotes the social aspects, such as social and spatial context, connections, use and integration. It also reveals that the soft aspects of social sustainability are weakly promoted by the urban farms analyzed. Finally it presents a design proposal of how the social aspects can be further increased through urban agriculture by enhancing the factors found important in the analysis, such as public environments, integrating different functions and connecting the farms with the urban fabric. Table of Content Abstract Introduction 1.0 Background 4 1.1 Bigger issue 6 1.2 Societal problem 8 1.3 Research problem 10 1.4 Research questions 10 1.5 Methodology 11 1.6 Time plan 14 2.0 Desk research 16 2.1 Sustainable development 17 2.2 Social sustainability 17 2.3 Cuban perspective 19 2.4 Urban agriculture 21 2.5 Conclusion 23 2.6 Mapping of social aspects through urban agriculture 25 3.0 Analysis 28 3.1 Social Impact Assessment 29 3.2 Site analysis 32 3.2.1 Site 1; Organopónico Nuevo Vedado 34 3.2.2 Site 2; Organopónico 24 de Febrero 44 3.2.3 Site 3; Parque Lennon 54 3.2.4 Site 4; Parque de La Normal 64 3.2.5 Site 5; Cerro Norte 74 3.3 Overall conclusion of site analysis Urban farms 85 3.4 Overall conclusion of site analysis Parks 87 3.5 Overall conclusion of site analysis: Missing aspects 89 3.6 Design criteria 91 4.0 Design 94 4.
Exploring a pent-up travel: constraint-negotiation model

ABSTRACT This study proposes a model that links travel constraints with subjective norm as an additional constraint, negotiation, and learned helplessness to the desire under the pandemic and pent-up intention. Extending the constraint-negotiation model, this study analyzed 488 survey data using partial least square structural equation modeling. The results show that pent-up intention for international travel is positively affected by the desire to travel under the pandemic, which can be built up from the individuals’ negotiation strategies under the constraints. These findings elucidates the underlying mechanisms contributing to the rebound effect in international travel.
FTO Facilitates Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Progression by Activating Cell Migration Through mRNA Demethylation

Background: The fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) was identi ﬁ ed as a critical demethylase involved in regulating cellular mRNA stability by removing N6-methyladenosine (m6A) residues from mRNA. Emerging evidence has revealed that FTO is deeply implicated in lung cancer. However, knowledge of the function of FTO in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAC) is limited. Methods: FTO and FTO R96Q (R96Q), an FTO missense mutant lacking demethylase activity, were ectopically overexpressed, and FTO was knocked down via siRNA in A549 and H1299 cells. The relationships between FTO with cell characteristics and mRNA m6A levels were explored. Furthermore, RNA sequencing was performed on A549 cells. Results: FTO overexpression enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of A549 and H1299 cells, decreased mRNA m6A levels. Interestingly, overexpression of R96Q, blunted the effects of FTO overexpression on cell proliferation and invasion. Through RNA sequencing analysis of A549 cells overexpressing FTO or R96Q and control A594 cells, 45 genes were identi ﬁ ed as affected by m6A mRNA demethylation. Most of these genes were related to lung cancer, such as laminin γ 2, thrombospondin 1, nerve growth factor inducible, integrin alpha11, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses suggested that these genes are fundamental to cancer development processes, such as cell migration and extracellular matrix organization. Conclusion: Our research shows that FTO facilitates LUAC cell progression by activating cell migration through m6A demethylation; however, further research on the mechanism underlying FTO activity in LUAC is necessary.
Original Article International Journal of Basic and Applied Physiology

s: Background & objectives: Petrol pump workers are exposed to many noxious chemicals like benzene (C6H6) which has carcinogenic and haematotoxic effects. Current study was conducted to find out the effect of benzene and air pollutants exposure on granulocyte & agranulocyte counts, blood pressure and their correlation in petrol pump workers of Surat city. Methods: Thirty healthy male petrol pump workers and thirty (30) healthy male non-petrol pump workers aged 20-50 years were selected as study and control groups. Data regarding participant’s age, height, weight, pulse rate, blood pressure etc. were recorded. Blood samples were collected in the morning (8-10AM). Data were presented as mean + SD and compared using unpaired t-test. p value < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Pearson’s correlation factor (r) was found between granulocyte-agranulocyte counts and BMI, Pulse rate and blood pressure. Results: Lymphocyte counts were significantly lower in the study group (%LYM 34+8.6) than control group (38.4+6.7). Monocyte counts were significantly higher in study group (%MON 8.29+3.1) than the control group (6.64+1.6). Granulocyte counts were higher in study group (%GRA 57.17+15.03) than in the control group (54.92+7.29). Mean arterial pressure was significantly higher (92.35+2.2) in study group than in control group (90.22+3.0) and it shows significant positive correlation with leucocyte. Interpretation & conclusion: Long term exposure to benzene leads to decreased lymphocyte count which may be due to bone marrow suppression. Monocytes are significantly increased in petrol pump workers which might be due to subclinical inflammation and allergic reactions. Petrol pump workers have raised mean arterial blood pressure which might be due to adverse effect of air pollutants on autonomic nervous system.