Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PERSEPSI DAN REAKSI GABUNGAN KELOMPOK TANI (GAPOKTAN) TERHADAP PEMANFAATAN SIARAN TELEVISI SEBAGAI SUMBER INFORMASI PERTANIAN DI DESA SIDOMULYO, KECAMATAN ANGGANA, KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA

This study aims to analize perceptions and reactions of farmer’s group to used television as a source of agricultural information, and correlation of perception and reaction of gapoktan.The study was conducted in Sidomulyo Village, Subdistrict of Anggana, Kutai Kartanegara Regency in since September until November 2012.Sampling using stratified random method. From 420 farmers joined in Gapoktan,40 respondents drawn from different Farmer Groups (Poktan). Data taken in the form of primary data and secondary data.perception and reaction analysis with measurement scales of Likert. Correlation of perceptions and reactions were analyzed by chi-square, coefficient contingency, and coeffecient of Cramer’s V. Results of this study showedpoktanin the SidomulyoVillage, Subdistrict of Anggana, Kutai Kartanegara Regency have a positive perception by 60%, 32.5% neutral, and negative 7.5%. Reaction use television as a source of agricultural informationby 80% and20% not using. These results indicated that Gapoktan in SidomulyoVillage, Subdistrict of Anggana, Kutai Kartanegara Regency has a positive perception and using television as a source of agricultural information. The results also show perceptions and reactions have a significant correlation and very close.
Fertility Transition in Urban and Rural Areas of Sub-Saharan Africa

This paper explores in some detail urban areas as the place of origin of fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa. The objectives of the paper are two-fold. First,we provide an overview of the role of urban areas in reproductive change by examining recent data on levels and trends of fertility and patterns of fertility by age in a number of countries, separately for urban and rural areas. Second, we attempt to quantify the importance of the various factors mentioned above in contributing to the differentials in fertility.
Contribution of ocean current to the increase in N abundance in the Northwestern Pacific marginal seas

In the northwestern Pacific marginal seas, there has been a rapid temporal increase and spatial variability in the relative abundance of dissolved inorganic nitrogen over dissolved inorganic phosphate. The cause and mechanisms of this temporal and spatial variation is under debate. Recently, atmospheric deposition of nitrogen has been shown to be the major cause of the spatio‐temporal variation in the concentration ratio of dissolved nitrogen and phosphate. We show that the transport by ocean currents is a more crucial factor causing the spatio‐temporal variation in the ratio of dissolved nitrogen and phosphate in the study area.
Ecological risks of pesticides in freshwater ecosystems; Part 2: insecticides

A literature review of freshwater model ecosystem studies with herbicides was performed to assess the NOEC[sub]ecosystem for individual compounds, to compare these threshold levels with water quality standards, and to evaluate the ecological consequences of exceeding these standards. Studies were judged appropriate for this purpose if the test systems simulated a realistic freshwater community, if the experimental design was generally sound (ANOVA or regression design, exposure concentrations described), and if published not earlier than 1980. Almost half of the collected papers did not meet these selection criteria. Effects were classified according to their magnitude and duration. The most sensitive endpoints for photosynthesis inhibitors, the most widely studied group of herbicides, were responses related to community metabolism and the structure of phytoplankton, periphyton and macrophytes. These endpoints showed a clear dose-response relationship. The criteria as set by the Uniform Principles appeared to provide sufficient protection for aquatic ecosystems against herbicides. Possible exceptions are the herbicides with an auxin-simulating mode of action, because aquatic macrophytes appeared to be more sensitive to these substances than algae.Functional responses of communities in phytoplankton-dominated ecosystems sometimes recovered rapidly through shifts in algae species composition and adaptation. Indirect effects on the zooplankton in such systems generally occurred at higher concentrations than primary effects. Adequate studies in macrophyte-dominated systems were rare, but in several experiments a pronounced long-term decline of macrophytes was observed at chronic concentrations only slightly above the NOEC[sub]ecosystem. This may result in considerable indirect effects on the macrophyte-associated fauna. The most important modifying factors with respect to types of effect and recovery rates following the application of herbicides to freshwater ecosystems are also discussed.
Indoor air pollution associated with household fuel use in India : an exposure assessment and modeling exercise in rural districts of Andhra Pradesh

Indoor air pollutants associated with combustion of solid fuels in households of developing countries are now recognized as a major source of health risks to the exposed populations. Based on this background, the present study was designed with three major objectives: to monitor household pollution concentrations in a statistically representative rural sample in southern India; to model household indoor air pollution levels based on information on household-level parameters collected through questionnaires, in order to determine how well such survey information could be used to estimate air pollution levels without monitoring; and to record time/activity and other information at the household-level, in order to estimate the exposures of different household members. This paper contains the following headings: background, study design and methodology, results, and conclusions.
Northumbria Research

This paper combines a Stock-Flow Consistent open economy two-country model with the Verdoorn-Kaldor law, which posits a positive relationship between the rate of growth of output and productivity growth. The model shows the role of endogenous productivity as a shock magnifier and underlines the limits of the mechanisms of adjustment that rely exclusively on the “buffer” provided by flexible exchange rates. It also provides arguments in support of fiscal policy both in the context of flexible exchange rates and fixed exchange rates. Finally, it challenges the sustainability of austerity measures aimed to achieve external balance. Guellec, Pottelsberghe, and de la Potterie (2004)—a study conducted on 16 major OECD countries with data
Mantle transition zone structure and upper mantle S velocity variations beneath Ethiopia: Evidence for a broad, deep‐seated thermal anomaly

Ethiopia has been subjected to widespread Cenozoic volcanism, rifting, and uplift associated with the Afar hot spot. The hot spot tectonism has been attributed to one or more thermal upwellings in the mantle, for example, starting thermal plumes and superplumes. We investigate the origin of the hot spot by imaging the S wave velocity structure of the upper mantle beneath Ethiopia using travel time tomography and by examining relief on transition zone discontinuities using receiver function stacks. The tomographic images reveal an elongated low‐velocity region that is wide (>500 km) and extends deep into the upper mantle (>400 km). The anomaly is aligned with the Afar Depression and Main Ethiopian Rift in the uppermost mantle, but its center shifts westward with depth. The 410 km discontinuity is not well imaged, but the 660 km discontinuity is shallower than normal by ∼20–30 km beneath most of Ethiopia, but it is at a normal depth beneath Djibouti and the northwestern edge of the Ethiopian Plateau. The tomographic results combined with a shallow 660 km discontinuity indicate that upper mantle temperatures are elevated by ∼300 K and that the thermal anomaly is broad (>500 km wide) and extends to depths ≥660 km. The dimensions of the thermal anomaly are not consistent with a starting thermal plume but are consistent with a flux of excess heat coming from the lower mantle. Such a broad thermal upwelling could be part of the African Superplume found in the lower mantle beneath southern Africa.
Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems

Water is a natural resource renewed through the physical processes of the hydrologic or water cycle. Through the action of solar energy, water is evaporated from the surfaces of oceans, lakes, and rivers and from land surfaces, returning to the atmosphere in the form of water vapor. Water is also returned through plants, which use it to satisfy their physiological needs and send it back in the form of transpiration. The whole process of transfer of water vapor from the Earth’s surface to the atmosphere is called evapotranspiration. Once present in the atmosphere, it may precipitate in the form of rain, snow, dew, or frost. When it reaches a surface, it may run off the surface or infiltrate soil layers. Due to topographical conditions, surface runoff converges to valley regions, giving rise to rivers and lakes, which drain to ever larger bodies of water until reaching the ocean. The infiltrated water may flow to deeper soil layers, emerging in the form of springs, or percolate to even deeper layers, reaching underground aquifers. When an aquifer is in direct contact with the surface, it is said to be non-confined, and the water is stored in what is called the water table, which is acted on by atmospheric pressure. When there is a geological formation which separates the water storage zone from the soil surface, the aquifer is said to be confined and it is subject to a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. The water stored in either of these aquifers may emerge in the form of base flow, due to the topographic gradient, feeding rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water. Indeed, this base flow is responsible for regularization of river flow during dry periods.
Second Atlas of Breeding Birds in Pennsylvania

Credit card orders: 800-326-9180 Tol l f ree fax: 877-PSU-BOOK h t t p : / / w w w . p s u p r e s s . o r g SOC-12 Twenty years after the first Atlas of Breeding Birds in Pennsylvania was published, the Second Atlas of Breeding Birds in Pennsylvania brings our knowledge of the state’s bird populations up to date, documenting current distribution and changes in status for nearly two hundred bird species. More than two thousand dedicated birdwatchers completed the surveys of birds in 4,937 blocks across the state from 2004 to 2009. The data amassed provide a comprehensive understanding of the distribution of each species and show in detail the changes in distribution since the first Atlas. Additionally, a highly trained survey crew carried out bird counts at more than 34,000 locations statewide. These counts tabulated not just species, but individual birds, in a manner that enabled for the very first time precise estimates of the actual statewide populations for more than half of the 190 breeding species detected during the Atlas. In all, more than 1.5 million sightings were compiled during the second Atlas, providing an unprecedented snapshot of the bird life of Pennsylvania—perhaps even of any comparably sized region in the world. The data gathered and summarized for the second Atlas were used by the more than forty contributing authors in writing comprehensive and authoritative species accounts. Each account is illustrated by a stunning photograph, usually taken somewhere within Pennsylvania. Up to three maps per species show in fine detail the current distribution based on the second Atlas, changes in distribution since the first Atlas, and, for more than one hundred species, detailed maps of abundance. In addition, a chart shows forty-year population trends. Introductory chapters describe and discuss recent changes in climate and bird habitats within Pennsylvania and provide other information used by the species account authors to inform their detailed accounts.
Hydrological variability over the Apennines during the Early Last Glacial precession minimum, as revealed by a stable isotope record from Sulmona basin, Central Italy

A multi‐proxy record was acquired from a Late Pleistocene lacustrine succession in the Sulmona basin, central Italy. Previous and new tephrostratigraphic analyses of six volcanic ash layers constrain the investigated interval to between 92.3 and 115.0 ka. The δ18O composition is interpreted as a proxy for precipitation amount in the high‐altitude catchment of the karst recharge system. The oxygen record shows millennial variability that is consistent with Greenland Interstadials GI25–23 and North Atlantic cold events C24–C22, indicating a strong Mediterranean–North Atlantic climate teleconnection. However, while no appreciable isotopic difference between the three interstadials is revealed by the Greenland record, the Sulmona section reveals a wetter climate during GI24 compared with GI23 and GI25. Comparison of our record with speleothem and pollen data from central and southern Italy suggests higher seasonality of the precipitation (wet winter–dry summer) for GI24, which matches a precession minimum. The wettest period recorded at Sulmona is also coincident with the deposition of Sapropel S4 in the Tyrrhenian Sea, suggesting a teleconnection between a higher seasonality in the western Mediterranean and strengthening of the boreal monsoon system.
Smart Radio Environments Empowered by AI Reconfigurable Meta-Surfaces: An Idea Whose Time Has Come

Future wireless networks are expected to constitute a distributed intelligent wireless communications, sensing, and computing platform, which will have the challenging requirement of interconnecting the physical and digital worlds in a seamless and sustainable manner. Currently, two main factors prevent wireless network operators from building such networks: 1) the lack of control of the wireless environment, whose impact on the radio waves cannot be customized, and 2) the current operation of wireless radios, which consume a lot of power because new signals are generated whenever data has to be transmitted. In this paper, we challenge the usual "more data needs more power and emission of radio waves" status quo, and motivate that future wireless networks necessitate a smart radio environment: A transformative wireless concept, where the environmental objects are coated with artificial thin films of electromagnetic and reconfigurable material (that are referred to as intelligent reconfigurable meta-surfaces), which are capable of sensing the environment and of applying customized transformations to the radio waves. Smart radio environments have the potential to provide future wireless networks with uninterrupted wireless connectivity, and with the capability of transmitting data without generating new signals but recycling existing radio waves. This paper overviews the current research efforts on smart radio environments, the enabling technologies to realize them in practice, the need of new communication-theoretic models for their analysis and design, and the long-term and open research issues to be solved towards their massive deployment. In a nutshell, this paper is focused on discussing how the availability of intelligent reconfigurable meta-surfaces will allow wireless network operators to redesign common and well-known network communication paradigms.
El conocimiento tecnológico, pedagógico y disciplinar del profesorado universitario de Educación Física (Technological, pedagogical and content knowledge in faculty professors of Physical Education)

Debido a la invasión de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) en la sociedad actual, en el panorama educativo se presentan grandes oportunidades de integración, pero en ocasiones, el profesorado no aprovecha el potencial que éstas ofrecen. El propósito de este estudio fue analizar el conocimiento tecnológico, pedagógico y disciplinar (TPACK) del profesorado formador de futuros docentes de Educación Física necesarios para la efectiva integración de las TIC en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, teniendo como referencia uno de los modelos más utilizados, el modelo TPACK. Para ello, se administró un cuestionario a 351 docentes universitarios de los Grados en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte y Educación Primaria y se analizaron las diferencias en el TPACK y en la autoeficacia percibida en el uso del ordenador en cuanto al género, a la existencia de formación específica en TIC, así como las relaciones entre sus variables. Los resultados señalan que la aplicación de la tecnología (TCK+TPK+TPACK) de los docentes encuestados se ha visto influenciada por haber realizado acciones específicas formativas en el terreno de la tecnología, además de encontrar diferencias significativas entre el género y la dimensión tecnológica. Por ello, se destaca la necesidad de formación específica sobre la aplicación de las tecnologías en los docentes universitarios, teniendo en cuenta las peculiaridades de los contenidos del área de Educación Física.
Hosting Media Bias: Evidence from the Universe of French Broadcasts, 2002-2020

Democracies need informed voters – voters who are exposed to a diverse range of views. News media take an active role in the process of informing voters; yet, they vary in their coverage of political parties. In this paper, we explore whether diﬀerences in political coverage are mainly driven by the editorial choices of (a few) owners, or by the preferences of diverse journalists, provided that they have some agency. To do so, we build a novel dataset on millions of French television and radio shows over 20 years, with information on the identity of hosts, guests
Basic Properties of Antarctic Sea Ice as Revealed by Textural Analysis of Ice Cores

Sea ice constitutes a major element in the atmospheric, oceanographic and biological regime of the polar regions. Assessment of its fundamental properties requires interdisciplinary investigations on local, regional and global scales. Sea-ice structure and textural parameters of individual ice cores play a key role in such investigations. A proper characterization of sea-ice micro-structure is essential for an adequate classification of ice cores, an understanding of the growth processes of the sampled floe, and the identification of possible relationships between ice texture, and the physical, chemical and biological properties of sea ice. Investigations on ice cores which were obtained during three recent Antarctic expeditions (1983–85) in coastal waters of the eastern and southern Weddell Sea are reported. The basis for a number of physical, chemical and biological investigations is an assessment of the textural characteristics of each sea-ice core. These are derived by inspection of continuous thick sections, supplemented by an analysis of selected vertical and horizontal thin sections. Major results of this study can be summarized as follows: (i) in addition to the common ice classes, another sea-ice type, platelet ice, is identified; it is apparently unique to the coastal waters of Antarctica, near the ice-shelf edge, and (ii) different physical, chemical and biological sea-ice properties vary systematically with and are probably related to / controlled by the ice texture of the cores.
Dynamics of hydrogen peroxide in a coral reef: Sources and sinks

The dynamics of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was studied in the fringing coral reef off the coast of Eilat, Red Sea. Diurnal changes in H2O2 concentrations in the reef lagoon were typical of photochemically produced species. During the daytime H2O2 accumulated in the lagoon at low tide and exceeded open water concentrations by 100–250 nM. Elevated H2O2 decay kinetics (termed hereafter antioxidant activity) were also recorded in the lagoon at low tide. The observed antioxidant activities were high enough to moderate H2O2 accumulation in the lagoon. In pursuit of the antioxidant source, the ability of corals to release antioxidant activity to their surrounding water was examined in both natural and laboratory settings. Water collected in situ from surfaces of individual corals and next to a coral knoll contained high antioxidant activity. Incubation experiments revealed that many Red Sea corals release antioxidant activity to their external milieu. Besides serving a potential antioxidant source to the reef system, the antioxidant activity detected on coral surfaces enabled corals to lower H2O2 concentrations in their vicinity. The ability of corals to offset exogenous H2O2 was validated in incubations with Stylophora pistillata in the absence of mixing. Conversely, corals subjected to mixing in a beaker were found to release H2O2, implying that corals may act as both a sink and a source for H2O2 in the reef. This newly described ability of corals to change H2O2 dynamics by releasing both H2O2 and antioxidants may bare important implications for coral physiology and interactions with the environment.
Structure and Conductance of the Breakdown Spot During the Early Stages of Progressive Breakdown

It has been shown that under accelerated stress below ap4 V, thin gate oxides are subject to progressive breakdown (BD), i.e., a gradual growth of the BD spot up to a destructive BD. This paper investigates the conduction mechanisms of the BD spot during the early stages of progressive BD through the measurement of the I-V characteristics using carrier separation. It is shown that a model with no free parameter based on the concept of cotunneling provides a good evaluation of the post-BD current. This model implies a physical microstructure, and its plausibility is compared to direct transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations
Pengaruh Pengungkapan Sustainability Report terhadap Profitabilitas Perusahaan

Sustainability report dan kinerja keuangan perusahaan merupakan dua hal yang menarik untuk dipelajari dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Sustainability report adalah laporan non-keuangan yang terdiri dari enam unsure kinerja yaitu ekonomi, lingkungan, hak asasi manusia, praktek tenaga kerja dan pekerjaan layak, sosial, dan tanggung jawab produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan antara pelaporan sustainability report dari masing-masing kinerja terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 33 perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode tahun 2010-2012. Variabel bebas adalah pengungkapan dari kinerja ekonomi, lingkungan, hak asasi manusia, praktek tenaga kerja dan pekerjaan layak, sosial, dan tanggung jawab produk. Variabel bebas diukur dengan menggunakan indeks pengungkapan. Panduan sustainability report berasal dari Inisiatif Pelaporan Global (GRI) yang digunakan sebagai dasar perhitungan nilai indeks. Variabel terikat adalah Return on Asset (ROA) sebagai ukuran kinerja keuangan perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang dikumpulkan dari situs perusahaan dan Bursa Efek Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya pengungkapan kinerja sosial dan pengungkapan kinerja tanggung jawab produk yang mempengaruhi kinerja keuangan perusahaan.