Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distribution of voltage‐gated sodium channel α‐subunit and β‐subunit mRNAs in human hippocampal formation, cortex, and cerebellum

The distribution of mRNAs encoding voltage‐gated sodium channel α subunits (I, II, III, and VI) and β subunits (β1 and β2) was studied in selected regions of the human brain by Northern blot and in situ hybridisation experiments. Northern blot analysis showed that all regions studied exhibited heterogenous expression of sodium channel transcripts. In situ hybridisation experiments confirmed these findings and revealed a predominantly neuronal distribution. In the parahippocampal gyrus , subtypes II and VI and the β‐subunit mRNAs exhibited robust expression in the granule cells of the dentate gyrus and pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus. Subtypes I and III showed moderate expression in granule cells and low expression in the pyramidal cell layer. Distinct expression patterns were also observed in the cortical layers of the middle frontal gyrus and in the entorhinal cortex. In particular, all subtypes exhibited higher levels of expression in cortical layers III, V, and VI compared with layers I and II. All subtypes were expressed in the granular layer of the cerebellum , whereas specific expression of subtypes I, VI, β1, and β2 mRNAs was observed in Purkinje cells. Subtypes I, VI, and β1 mRNAs were expressed, at varying levels, in the pyramidal cells of the deep cerebellar nuclei. These data indicate that, as in rat, human brain sodium channel mRNAs have a distinct regional distribution, with individual cell types expressing different compliments of sodium channels. The differential distribution of sodium channel subtypes suggest that they have distinct roles that are likely to be of paramount importance in maintaining the functional heterogeneity of central nervous system neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 422:123–139, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Orlistat enhances the hypocholesterolemic effects of an energy-restricted diet

James W Anderson University of Kentucky, Endocrine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Room 524, Medical Science Building, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 50536-0298, USA Tel. : +1 859 323 5822; Fax: +1 859 323 5707; jwandersmd@aol.com ‘. as no ‘blockbuster’ antiobesity drugs have appeared on the horizon, combinations of pharmaceutical agents, orlistat and lifestyle changes are likely to be recommended. ’
Effects of Cropping Frequency on Soil Physical Properties in Southwestern Nigeria

ABSTRACT The effects of fallow management systems on soil physical properties and intercropped maize (Zea mays L.) grain were studied in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria between 1994 and 1995. The A-horizon of the Alfisol at the site had a coarse texture which was rapidly degraded by continuous cropping. A split-plot experiment with 4 replications, which was established in 1989, was used for the study. The fallow systems comprising natural fallow, Pueraria phaseoloides and Leucaena leucocephala were mainplots whereas 25, 33, 50 and 100% cropping intensities were subplots. During the continuous cropping or 1-year cropping after 1-year to 3-year fallow periods, intercrops of maize (cv. DMR-SR-W TZ8843) and cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz, cv. TMS 30572) were cultivated. Surface (0-15 cm depth) soil bulk density, soil strength, aggregate stability, and water retention were measured. Also, intercropped maize root density, and grain yields were evaluated. Surface soil bulk density ranged from 1.18 g cm″3 (25% cropping intensity) to 1.31 g cm−3 (100% cropping intensity), with significant differences between the 100% and 25% and between the 100% and 33% cropping intensities. Soil aggregate stability and soil strength followed a similar trend of low to high rating as cropping intensities increased. Although soil water retention was generally similar, the fractal dimensions of soil pore, D, between 2.92 and 2.93 indicated high irregularities of the pores. This irregularity was attributed to low stability of soil of the aggregates of the coarse-textured soil. The effects of fallow were obscured by the coarse-textured surface soil, and might not be noticed at all if the topmost layer (0-5 cm) of soil was not sampled. Intercropped maize grain yields ranging from 2.6 to 3.8 t ha−1 with 25% cropping intensity, between 1.7 and 2.0 t ha−1 with 33% cropping intensity and from 0.6 to 1.3 t ha−1 with continuous cropping were observed. Crop growth and yield were enhanced by low cropping intensities (25 and 33%) of any of the fallow management systems.
Influence of sulphur plant nutrition on oviposition and larval performance of the cabbage root fly

1 Oilseed rape plants (Brassica napus) (L.) (Brassicaceae) were grown under different levels of sulphur supply and tested for the oviposition preference and larval performance of cabbage root flies Delia radicum (L.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae).
Effects of culture age on cryopreservation of marine microalgae

The effects of culture age (3, 7 and 14 days) on viability after cryopreservation of five marine microalgae were studied. Higher viability levels were generally found in older cultures, particularly when conditions of cryoprotectant concentration and salinity were not optimal. These differences decreased or disappeared when the algae were cryopreserved under optimal conditions, except for Rhodomonas baltica. Its cryopreservation using 15% dimethylsulphoxide in medium of 20%o salinity (optimal conditions) showed 451+1−3%, 424±133% and 350±13−7% viability respectively for cells from 3−, 7− and 14−day−old cultures. For the same culture ages, the viability of Chaetoceros gracilis was 257±7'7%, 2814−9% and 360±4−6%. This diatom could be recovered from −196°C without the use of any cryoprotectant only when cells were collected from 14−day−old cultures (mean viability of 31±3−7%). The cryopreservation of Tetraselmis chuii was relatively unaffected by culture age and was very close to 100% under optimum cryoprote.
The influence of climate change on maize production in the semi-humid–semi-arid areas of Kenya

Abstract The effect of climate change on maize production in the semi-humid and semi-arid, agro-climatic zones III-IV of Kenya was evaluated using two General Circulation Models (GCMs): the Canadian Climate Center Model (CCCM) and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), as well as the CERES-Maize model. Long-term climate data was obtained from three meteorological stations situated in eastern, central and western regions of Kenya, while maize data was obtained from six sites within the regions. The climate scenarios were projected to the year 2030. Temperature increases of 2·29 and 2·89°C are predicted by the CCCM and GFDL, respectively. Rainfall levels are predicted to remain unchanged, but there are thought to be shifts in distribution. It is predicted that the short-rains season (October–January) will experience some increased rainfall, while the long-rains season (April–July) will show a decrease. Maize yields are predicted to decrease in zone III areas, while an increase is predicted in zone IV areas. However, the predicted changes in yields are low since they all fall below 500 kg ha −1 , except the Homa Bay site. Thus, to counter the adverse effects of climate change on maize production, it may be necessary to use early maturing cultivars, practice early planting, and in eastern Kenya, shift to growing maize during the short-rains season.
Pathogenicity of additional strains of Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus (Enterobacteriaceae) to the mushroom mite Luciaphorus perniciosus (Acari: Pygmephoridae)

The pathogenicity of six strains of the entomopathogenic bacteria Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus, symbiotically associated with the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis and Steinernema, respectively, to the mushroom mite, Luciaphorus perniciosus was studied. Bacterial cultures of the Thai strain Xenorhabdus nematophila (X1) and the imported strain Photorhabdus luminescens (P1), containing 1 × 10 8 cells/ml, showed the highest virulence to the female mite, resulting in 85 and 83% mortality within 3 days after application, respectively. The fecundity of the surviving L. perniciosus was also significantly reduced by the X nematophila (X1) strain. These results demonstrate the potential of X. nematophila (X1) to control the mushroom mite.
System reliability evaluation for an emergency department service system

An emergency department service system provides a medical service to patients who are prioritized for medical care, starting with triage categories and ending with the discharge formalities. In this paper, the emergency department service system is modeled as a fuzzy multi-state network called emergency department service network (EDSN). Each arc is a workstation with a fuzzy multi-state situation because of the vagueness in measuring human capability, and each node is represented as a waiting area. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the system reliability, that is, the possibility that an emergency department service system can provide necessary treatments to the patients. Since each workstation is fuzzy multi-state, we proposed a method to generate the membership function by utilizing by statistical parameters, such as average and standard deviation. A practical example with statistical data taken from a Taiwan hospital to evaluate the system reliability is demon-strated.
The Effect of External and Internal Factors on Financial Performance of Islamic Banking

Research on the sharia bank financial performance level was first conducted by SudinHaron (1996), then similar research was conducted by Anna P.I. Vong(1997), M. Kabir Hassan (2002), Abdel-Hameed M. Bashir (2003), Samy Ben Naceur (2003), Muhammad Farhan, Khizer Ali and ShamaSadaqat (2011), and Nor Hayati Ahmad (2011). Macroeconomic factors and internal factors are variables that have an effect on sharia banking. These factors are GDP, inflation, and interest rates, FDR, OER which can affect directly or indirectly the financial performance of sharia banks in Indonesia. The result has shown GDP has a significant positive effect on ROA, it is match with several previous research, Inflation has no significant and negative effect on ROA, because when inflation central bank will give policy to increase BI rate, and sharia bank doesn’t effect with interest rate because interest is riba, interest rate has no significant effect on ROA because sharia bank doesn’t effect with the interest but use profit and loss sharing to financing, so in macroeconomic the result only GDP has significant and positive effect on ROA. The result has shown FDR has no significant effect on ROA, but has positive effect and the result match with previous research in relationship FDR and ROA, OER has negative significant effect on ROA and match with previous research (Sianturi, 2013).
Crescimento de gramíneas e leguminosas forrageiras tropicais sob sombreamento

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de niveis de sombreamento artificial (0%, 30%, 50% e 70%) nas taxas de acumulo de materia seca de quatro gramineas (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, B. humidicola cv. Quicuio-da-amazonia, Panicum maximum cv. Massai e Paspalum notatum cv. Pensacola) e tres leguminosas forrageiras (Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte, A. pintoi BRA-031143 e Pueraria phaseoloides), em Rio Branco, Acre. No periodo de novembro de 1999 a abril de 2001, foram realizados nove cortes para medicao das taxas de acumulo de materia seca. Os capins marandu e massai tiveram o melhor desempenho entre as gramineas, aliando boa tolerância ao sombreamento e alta capacidade produtiva, constituindo opcoes importantes na composicao de sistemas silvipastoris em areas com solos bem drenados. O quicuio-da-amazonia apresentou menor tolerância ao sombreamento, podendo ser usado em sistemas silvipastoris com baixa densidade arborea, em areas com chuvas bem distribuidas ou com solos mal drenados. O capim-pensacola apresentou alta tolerância ao sombreamento, mas baixa capacidade produtiva, nao sendo recomendado para a regiao. O Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte demonstrou maior capacidade produtiva e tolerância ao sombreamento que as demais leguminosas.
Effect of crown rust on regrowth, competitive ability and nutritional quality of perennial and Italian ryegrasses

Infection of susceptible cultivars of perennial (Lolium perenne) and Italian (Lolium multiflorum) ryegrasses with crown rust (Puccinia coronata) reduced yield measured 6 weeks after infection and at two regrowth cuts. In perennial, but not Italian, ryegrass, rust infection of mixed swards of a resistant and a susceptible cultivar reduced the contribution to yield made by the susceptible cultivar and increased that of the resistant cultivar. This effect persisted for three regrowth cuts. The trend in effect on the number of tillers, but not plant height, was similar. Infection increased leaf protein in susceptible perennial ryegrass but had little effect in Italian ryegrass. In both species, rust reduced water-soluble carbohydrate and the predicted digestibility of susceptible and resistant cultivars, but had no effect on quality of regrowth.
Elaphoglossum nimbaense J.P.Roux, sp. nov. (Pteridophyta: Dryopteridaceae), a new fern species from Liberia, West Africa

ABSTRACT Elaphoglossum nimbaense J.P.Roux, sp. nov., a new epiphytic fern species which appears to be endemic to the Nimba Mountains in Liberia, West Africa is described and illustrated. Features separating E. nimbaense J.P.Roux, sp. nov. from other species in section Elaphoglossum Schott ex J.Sm. are the crustaceous, centrally dark and glossy, pseudopeltate rhizome scales, the conspicuous short stipe of the sterile fronds — the fertile frond stipes are significantly longer, the somewhat carnose, attenuate, long acuminate sterile laminae. The significantly larger adaxial epidermal cells of the fertile laminae in comparison with that of the sterile laminae and the reticulate (impresso-punctate) adaxial epidermis of the fertile laminae, perhaps caused by the collapse of bladder cells (enlarged moisture containing epidermal cells) with straight transverse walls is also characteristic of the species. The nomenclature of section Elaphoglossum and subsections therein are discussed.
Spatial pattern of Siberian silkmoth outbreak and taiga mortality

Abstract The latest catastrophic Siberian silkmoth (Dendrolimus superans sibiricus Tschetw.) outbreak occurred in central Siberia during 1994–1996. The relationship between forest stand mortality from insects and topographic features (azimuth, elevation, slope steepness) was analyzed based on a high-resolution digital elevation model, a pest damage map and Terra/MODIS data. It was found that pest-induced forest mortality patterns depend on topographic features. Before the outbreak the major part of host forest species was found within the elevation zone of 150–500 m. After the outbreak, surviving dark-needle stands were found mainly at elevations higher than 400 m. The greatest damage was observed at elevations between 210 and 320 m, whereas maximum mortality was observed at elevations of about 200 m and minimal mortality at elevations of 300 m. With respect to slope steepness, maximum damage for all categories was observed for slopes of 5–20°. Slightly damaged stands were most common at low slope angle (about 5° or less), whereas the highest proportion of stands with high tree mortality was found on steeper slopes. With respect to azimuth, insect damage is mostly uniform, with a small increase in damage on the south-west-facing slopes. The spatial pattern of the silkmoth outbreak can provide a basis for prioritizing Siberian silkmoth outbreak monitoring.
PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN PERUSAHAAN, RISIKO BISNIS TERHADAP STRUKTUR MODAL DAN NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA INDUSTRI PERBANKAN DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH KRISIS GLOBAL

The study aims In the current era of the modern economy, the world economy is not only influenced by the real sector, but also financially, even more money is circulating in the financial sector. This then makes the modern economic system so fragile, where the process of economic crisis will occur periodically. Where the determination of its own capital structure takes into account several factors such as company growth and business risk, in addition to being a determinant of capital structure, these two components can also have an impact on firm value.The purpose of this study was intended to determine the significance of the effect of company growth and business risk on capital structure, as well as the significance of the effect of company growth, business risk and capital structure on the value of the company in the pre-crisis phase of 2007-2008 and after the 2008-2009 global crisis.The results showed that in the period before the global crisis corporate growth and business risk had a significant effect on capital structure, but not significantly on firm value. Capital structure as a form of financial decision in this study was found to have a non-significant effect on firm value. The results of the study in the period after the global crisis showed that company growth had no significant effect on capital structure, and also not significantly on firm value. Business risk has no significant effect on capital structure, but it is significant on firm value Capital structure is also found to have insignificant influence on firm value.Keywords: Global Crisis, Corporate Growth, Business Risk, Corporate Value, Banking Industry.
Experimental evaluation of ontogenetic diet transitions in summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus), using stable isotopes as diet tracers

We examined the rate of isotopic change of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) and isotopic fractionation at two temperatures during several ontogenetic diet transitions in summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus). We examined prefeeding larvae as they metabolize the maternal source of nutrition and evaluated three diet transitions in the early life stages of this species: (i) yolk dependency to first feeding on zooplankton, (ii) one zooplankton (rotifers) to another (Artemia), and (iii) zooplanktivory to piscivory. We used experimental results and simulations to contrast time- versus growth-based models for estimating parameters of isotopic change and fractionation. All rates of isotopic change were lowest for the transition between zooplanktivory and piscivory, most rapid for the transition from yolk dependency to first feeding, and generally lower at cooler temperatures. Estimates of fractionation were greater for N (2.83.8) than for C (0.230.91) but appeared to be unaffected by water temperature or fish .
Effect of Suggested Rehabilitation Program with Mechanical Traction on Basketball Players Low Back Spine Pain Treatment and Efficiency of Skillful Performance

Abstract. [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a suggested rehabilitation program with mechanical traction on basketball player’s low back spine pain treatment and efficiency of skillful performance. [Subjects and Methods] The study sample comprised twenty four players (17-22 years–old) from Port-Said different basketball clubs who’s registered in the Egyptian basketball federation season 2016/2017, 2017/2018, 2018/2019 and diagnosed with low back spine pain. The sample was selected from men basketball players, the study was applied in July 2017– March 2018, Port-Said - Egypt (each player receive 12 treatment sessions / 3 weeks except therapeutic exercise programs receive 30 units ). The sample was divided to two subsamples the control sample was treated with the traditional treatment method separately (therapeutic exercise programs, TENS/EMS, ultrasound (US), heating/cooling, manual therapy/mechanical vibrating massage and mechanical low back spine traction), the experimental sample was treated as same as the control sample with addition that the mechanical low back spine traction treatment was done at the same time with TENS/EMS, heating/cooling and manual therapy/ mechanical vibrating massage vibrating massage. Low back pain was measured using three different low back range of motion (ROM) parameters and basketball skill test racing circuit, for each patient pre and post traditional and suggested rehabilitation program. [Results] The experimental sample was higher in the results of low back pain reduction than the control sample; moreover it was higher than the control sample in the results of basketball skillful performance. Conclusion: It appears that mechanical traction and TENS/EMS, heating/cooling and manual therapy/electric massage, that done at the same time on low back spine have a beneficial effect on reducing the pain and increasing efficiency of skillful performance amongst basketball players.
Grothendieck groups in extriangualted categories

The aim of the paper is to discuss the relation subgroups of the Grothendieck groups of extriangulated categories and certain other subgroups. It is shown that a locally finite extriangulated category $\C$ has Auslander-Reiten $\E-$triangles and the relations of the Grothendieck group $K_{0}(\C)$ are generated by the Auslander-Rieten $\E-$triangles. A partial converse result is given when restricting to the triangulated categories with a cluster tilting subcategory: in the triangulated category $\C$ with a cluster tilting subcategory, the relations of the Grothendieck group $K_0(\C)$ are generated by Auslander-Reiten triangles if and only if the triangulated category $\C$ is locally finite. It is also shown that there is a one-to-one correspondence between subgroups of $K_{0}(\C)$ containing the image of $\mathcal G$ and dense $\mathcal G-$(co)resolving subcategories of $\C$ where $\mathcal G$ is a generator of $\C,$ which generalizes results about classifying subcategories of a triangulated \cite{t} or an exact category $\C$ \cite{m} by subgroups of $K_{0}(\C)$.
FETAL HEAD ANTHROPOMETRY: A CROSSSECTIONAL STUDY FROM KUMAUN REGION

Introduction: Biparietal diameter (BPD) and head circumference (HC) are important for estimating gestational age (GA), monitoring fetal growth and to rule out congenital abnormalities. Western references using HC and BPD can lead to erroneous GA estimation, therefore regional reference is required. Aim: To measure HC and BPD in fetus at different GA, their relationship with GA and comparison of HC and BPD with expected HC and BPD by “Hadlock’s formula”. Material & Methods: CRL, HC and BPD were measured in 72 fetuses. Mean and standard deviation of HC and BPD were calculated for all fetuses and across three trimesters. The correlation of HC and BPD with GA was calculated and p value was derived. Hadlock’s HC and BPD were calculated for the gestational age. The observed HC and BPD in the study were compared with the Hadlock’s value to find out any difference between them Results: The mean HC of fetuses was 23.7 ± 8.58 cm. The mean HC in first trimester was 6.3 cm, 15.13 cm in second trimester and 30.8 cm in third trimester. The mean HC of fetuses according to Hadlock’s formula was 23.72 ± 8.80 cm. The mean Hadlock’s HC in first trimester was 5.6 cm, 14.92 cm in second trimester and 31.12 cm in third trimester. The mean BPD in the studied fetuses was 5.92 ± 2.24 cm. The mean BPD in first trimester was 1.7 cm, 4.8 cm in second trimester and 7.8 cm in third trimester. The mean Hadlock’s BPD was 6.33 ± 2.41 cm. The mean Hadlock’s BPD in first trimester was 1.6 cm, 4.4 cm in second trimester and 8.3 cm in third trimester. The mean HC of fetuses were nearly equal to mean Hadlock’s formula, while BPD of the study fetuses was less than mean Hadlock’s BPD. Both HC and BPD measured at different GA showed increase, with increase in GA and strong positive correlation and statistically significant association. Conclusion: This study had shown that while HC is nearly equal to Hadlock’s reference, BPD was less than Hadlock’s for GA, reflecting need of local reference data for accurate fetal age estimation.