Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Bladed Skid Trail Closure Methods in the Ridge and Valley Region

Forest roads and skid trails with inadequate best management practices (BMPs) often contribute the majority of erosion produced from forest harvesting operations. We evaluated soil erosion rates from bladed skid trails in the mountains of Virginia after a timber harvest. The randomized complete block design included six blocks, each containing four skid trail closure BMP treatments (waterbar only [Control], slash-covered [Slash], seeded [Seed], and seeded with fertilizer and mulch [Mulch]). Control treatments resulted in an average erosion rate of 6.8 tons ac 1 yr 1 (15.1 tonnes ha 1 yr ) following installation. Seed treatments resulted in an average erosion rate of 2.6 tons ac 1 yr 1 (5.9 tonnes ha 1 yr ). Mulch treatments averaged 0.5 ton ac 1 yr 1 (1.1 tonnes ha 1 yr ), and Slash treatments averaged 0.4 ton ac 1 yr 1 (0.8 tonnes ha 1 yr ). Seed, Mulch, and Slash treatments significantly reduced soil erosion rates in comparison to Control treatments (P 0.0315), with Mulch and Slash treatments being most effective (P 0.0001). Results indicate that ground cover treatments are beneficial in addition to waterbars for effective erosion control. A cost analysis indicates that Seed treatments are the most cost-effective ($2771.89/mi); however, on a basis of erosion prevented, Slash treatments were the most cost-effective ($73.65/ton).
A Bibliometric Analysis of Highly Cited Papers from India in Science Citation Index Expanded

The aim of the present study is to analyse the highly cited papers from India. The Science Citation Index Expanded database was used to retrieve the related bibliographic records. Grouping and reclassification of institutions with misspellings and variants have been done. The most productive institutions, collaborating partners and Y-index of the contributing authors were examined. Results revealed that all the highly cited papers from India did not receive citations in the early years after publication. Co-authored (or international collaboration) papers received more citation impact than single-authored ones. USA was the preferred collaborative partner for international collaboration. The Indian Institutes of Technology, CSIR organizations, and Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru were the leading Indian institutions.
Aptitude des vaches laitières à se reproduire en systèmes pâturants contrastés : Quelle vache pour quel système ?

Les performances de reproduction des vaches laitieres se sont degradees parallelement a l’augmentation de leurs performances de production. L’intense selection realisee sur la production laitiere est tenue responsable de cela. Chaque etape du processus de reproduction a ete affectee : les anomalies de cyclicite ovarienne sont plus frequentes dans la population actuelle, la duree et l’intensite des chaleurs ont diminue drastiquement, et les echecs de gestation sont plus frequents. La litterature s’accorde sur le fait que la reproduction est affectee parce que la majeure partie des ressources est investie dans la production laitiere. L’objectif de cette these de doctorat est d’etudier l’interet d’une strategie de selection alternative basee sur un fort potentiel genetique de taux butyreux et proteique sur la robustesse des vaches laitieres.Les hypotheses testees etaient que par rapport aux vaches a fort potentiel de production laitiere, celles a fort potentiel de taux butyreux et proteique (i) exportent moins d’energie dans le lait et donc preservent leur reserves corporelles, (ii) ont de meilleures aptitudes a se reproduire. Nos resultats montrent que les vaches a fort potentiel de taux butyreux et proteique ont un retour de cyclicite plus precoce, une expression des chaleurs similaire mais plus d’echecs de gestation que celles a fort potentiel de production laitiere. Ces resultats intrigants suggerent que les etapes de la reproduction sont partiellement decouplees sur le plan genetique. Selectionner les vaches laitieres sur les taux butyreux et proteique dans le but d’ame
Microbiological Profile of Urinary Tract Infections with special Reference to Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Escherichia coli Isolates

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a standout amongst the most widely recognized bacterial infections in hospital and community based setting around the world (Maleki et al., 2017). This infection is applied to a variety of clinical conditions ranging from asymptomatic bacteriuria, to symptomatic UTI, to severe kidney infection with consequential sepsis, requiring hospitalization (Kumar et al., 2016a).
The cardiac skeleton of the Egyptian Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

In the present study, fifteen heart from clinically healthy buffaloes of different ages and both sexes are used to examine the skeleton of the heart. The techniques used are manual dissection, radiographs and Microscopical examination. The skeleton of the heart is composed of a group of fibrous structures encircles the margins of the inflow and outflow orifices of the ventricles in a form of rings. The right and left atrioventricular fibrous rings in addition to aortic and pulmonary rings are formed from collagen fibers. In addition to, the presence of a central fibrous body composed of one fibrocartilage encircled the origin of the aorta and two spongy bones; right and left ossacordis. The ossacordis are absent in the young calves and hyaline cartilage is present instead of the spongy bone. The results are discussed with relatives previous researches.
Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Barley Germplasm of Khber Pakhtunkhwa and Northern Areas on the Basis of Agro-Morphological and Biochemical traits

Abstract: The present work was done in order to estimate the genetic diversity among the barley germplasm accessions on the basis of morphological characters and seed storage proteins by agro-morphological and biochemical traits and also to explore significant variation for future use in selection and breeding programs. For this purpose, seeds of 151 barley germplasm accession were collected. Data were recorded for eleven qualitative traits including row type, spike density, glume awn, glume color, grain color, awn color, awn barbs, kernel covering, hoodedness, lemma color, rachilla hair and four quantitative traits including awn length, spike length, number of spikletes per spike and hundred seed weight. Strong variation was found for all qualitative characters except row type and hoodedness. In case of quantitative characters, maximum variation was found for number of spikelets per spike while minimum variation was observed for hundred seed weight. SDS-PAGE analyses of seed storage were not suitable for data recording and analysis.
Where not to fish – reviewing and mapping fisheries restricted areas in the Aegean Sea

An up-to-date systematic review and unofficial codification of the national fisheries legislation was performed, along with an up-to-date systematic review of environmental, archaeological and maritime legislation, about spatio-temporal restrictions of fishing activities by all fishing gears in the Aegean Sea. Spatio-temporal restrictions established by the European Union and the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean were also reviewed. A database was built, including detailed information on the Fisheries Restricted Areas (FRAs) being identified. All FRAs were mapped, as polygons in Geographic Information System shapefiles. The national fisheries, environmental, archeological and maritime legal framework comprises of 32, 2, 37 and 43 legal acts respectively; EU and GFCM legislation consists of one Regulation and one Recommendation respectively. A total of 511 national (254 of fisheries, 21 of environmental, 85 of archaeological and 151 of the maritime legislation), 6 EU and 4 international FRAs were identified, out of which 85.2% are located in the Aegean Sea and 14.8% in Crete. Towed or mobile gears are restricted in 88.5% of the FRAs, while static gears are restricted in only 10.2% of FRAs. Fish stocks and Posidonia oceanica beds protection are the most common reasons for regulating fishing activities (25.3% and 25.0% respectively). Most of the FRAs (85.4%) impose permanent closures. National fisheries, environmental, archaeological, maritime, EU and international FRAs cover 25.8%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 0.4%, 13.5% and 22.6% of the study area, respectively. The present study provides valuable information for the Maritime Spatial Planning in the Aegean Sea.
Economics of paddy cum fish culture: A case study in Sivsagar, Assam

The present experiment has been carried out in the rice field of Kaloogoan of Sivsagar district of Assam during 2009-2011. For which, Sali (Sial Sali) variety of rice plants were transplanted and fingerlings of Channa punctatus were released in the paddy field. In overall, the highest operational cost (Rs. 638.25) was recorded in plot A followed by plot B (Rs. 629.62) and plot C (Rs. 621.00) during 2011. It reveals that the operational cost was found to be highest in 2011 followed by 2010 and 2009. As a whole, in 2009, the percentage of profit was recorded highest in plot B (Rs. 110.81) and lowest in plot C (Rs. 50.45). In 2010, the profit was recorded maximum in plot B (Rs. 646.73) and minimum in plot A (Rs. 357.6) whereas in 2011, plot B (Rs. 533.90) showed the highest profit and lowest in Plot A (Rs 313.32). Total fish production, was found to be the highest in plot B followed by plot A and plot C. As a whole, the highest total fish sale was recorded from plot B (Rs 1230.35) in 2010 followed by plot A (Rs 1098.36) in 2011 and plot C (Rs 784.70) in 2009.
Attentional set to safety recruits the medial prefrontal cortex

During threat assessment, the early detection of danger is highly adaptive, yet the fast orientation towards safety is also key to survival. The present study aimed to explore how the human brain searches for safety by manipulating subjects’ attentional set to cues associated with shock probability. Subjects were asked to judge random dots motion (RDM) direction and could be shocked for incorrect responses (RDM task) while keeping alert in detecting the shock probability cues (cue detection task). In contrast to the safe condition, where subjects searched for cues associated with no shock probability, incorrect responses to ‘dangerous+’ (D+) cues would increase the shock probability and correct responses to ‘dangerous-’ (D-) cues would decrease shock probability. In the RDM task, results showed that relative to the D+, the safe attentional set resulted in stronger activation in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), a core region involved in flexible threat assessment and safety signalling. The vmPFC was also recruited by the D-compared to the D + attentional set. In the cue detection task, shorter response times and greater accuracy were observed for D+ compared to D‐ and safe cues. Correspondingly, at the neural level D+ cues induced increased activity in the frontoparietal attention network including the inferior parietal lobule and intraparietal sulcus. Overall, our findings demonstrate that attentional set for searching safety recruits the vmPFC, while detection of threat elicits activity in the frontoparietal attention network, suggesting a new role for these regions in human defensive survival circuitry. Significance Statement While early detection of threat is highly adaptive, the fast orientation towards safety is also key to survival. However, little is known about neural mechanisms underlying attentional set to safety. Using a novel dots motion paradigm combined with fMRI, we explored how human brain prepares for safety searching by manipulating subjects’ attentional set to cues associated with shock probability. Relative to the dangerous attentional set associated with increasing shock probability, the safe attentional set resulted in stronger activity in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex, a core region involved in flexible threat assessment and safety signalling, suggesting a new role for this region in human defensive survival system in encoding stimuli with survival significance.
EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITIES OF DIFFERENT SOLVENT EXTRACTS OF LEAVES OF PIPER UMBELLATUM

Objective: This study was designed to determine the Total phenol, flavonoid content, antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of different solvent extracts of Piper umbellatum . Methods: Different solvent extracts evaluated with DPPH radical scavenging activity and Reducing power activity. Results: The presence of phenol and flavonoid showed highly in the methanol extracts than ethyl acetate and acetone extracts. All the extracts have various level of antioxidant activity. Methanol solvent extract have good extraction and show significant antioxidant activity. The effect of reducing power of methanol extract revealed good antioxidant activity compare with other tested extracts. Conclusion: On the basis of the above results we concluded that methanol extract of Piper umbellatum whole plant extracts shows significant antioxidant activity than ethyl acetate and acetone extracts. Keywords: Piper umbellatum, Antioxidant, DPPH, FRAP assay, Polar, Non polar solvents
The protective effect of melatonin and Ganoderma lucidum against the negative effects of extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields on pulp structure in rat teeth

ABSTRACT Background/aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether Extremely low frequency electric and magnetic field (ELF-EMF) had any harmful effects on dental pulp tissue and examine histologically whether melatonin (MLT) and Ganoderma lucidum (GL) play a protective role against these harmful effects. Material and method: A total of 56 adult, male Wistar Albino rats were used in the study. The rats were separated into 8 equal groups and were exposed to ELF-EMF, generated by high voltage source, for 8 hours/day for 26 days – Groups I, II and III and for 52 days-Groups V, VI and VII. For sham-control groups (Groups IV and VIII for 26 and 52 days), rats were placed into same experimental set-up as exposure groups and same procedure was applied except ELF-EMF exposure. GL (20 mg/kg/day) and MLT (10 mg/kg/day) were administered by oral gavage and the intraperitoneal route respectively. At the end of the study, the rats anterior teeth were examined immunohistochemicaly using vimentin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Results: Degeneration in the odontoblast cells, inflammatory cell infiltration, dilatation of the blood vessels and haemorrhagic changes were determined in the pulp of the rats in Groups I and V. A statistically significant difference was determined in the groups treated with MLT and GL (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It was determined that exposure to ELF-EMF induced histological changes in the dental pulp of rats, the using of MLT and GL could have a protective effect against these effects.
Analysing the assembly of cenocrons in the Mexican transition zone through a time-sliced cladistic biogeographic analysis

Abstract. A transition zone shows the overlap between two or more regions and represents an event of biotic hybridisation, where different cenocrons assembled as a result of historical and ecological processes. The Mexican transition zone, the area where the Nearctic and Neotropical regions overlap, includes the following five biogeographical provinces: Sierra Madre Occidental, Sierra Madre Oriental, Sierra Madre del Sur, Transmexican Volcanic Belt and Chiapas Highlands. Within this transition zone, the following five cenocrons have already been recognised: Paleoamerican, Mexican Plateau, Mountain Mesoamerican, Nearctic and Typical Neotropical. We undertook three cladistic biogeographic analyses on the basis of 49 cladograms of terrestrial taxa, partitioning them into three time-slices, namely, Miocene (Mountain Mesoamerican cenocron), Pliocene (Mountain Mesoamerican plus Nearctic cenocrons) and Pleistocene (Mountain Mesoamerican, Nearctic and Typical Neotropical cenocrons). For the Miocene time-slice, we observed a close relationship of the Transmexican Volcanic Belt with the Neotropical region, whereas, for the Pliocene and Pleistocene time-slices, the closest relationship of the Transmexican Volcanic Belt was with the Nearctic region. We conclude that the Transmexican Volcanic Belt may have played a different role according to the cenocron analysed, and that the Mexican transition zone differs in its delimitation depending on the taxa analysed, strengthening the idea that it is a complex area.
Food Requirement of Rhinocoris fuscipes Fab. (Heteroptera, Reduviidae)

~Ir;nocoris /uscipes Fab. was reported as a potential predator of various insect pests (Cherian, 1937; Singh and Gangrade, 1975; Kumaraswami, 1991; Singh a,nd Singh, 1987). , In the present work, the food requirement o'{' R,fuscipes has been assessed in terms of predatory value (Fewkes,' 1960); The predatory value and conversion ratio were taken as indices to determine whether there was a characteristic fixed value or variable range for each instar of the species. It will also help to find out the optimum stage of the predator, ~hcrein quicker control over the pest can bc achieved after releasing them in the field.
The distribution of Mammals in Natal. Part 2. Carnivora

The distribution patterns of the following thirty-one species of mammals are recorded: Proteles cristatus, Aonyx capensis, Lutra maculicollis, Mellivora capensis, Ictonyx capensis, Poecilogale albinucha, Genetta genetta, G. tigrina, Viverra civetta, Mungos mungo, Paracynictis selousi, Cynictis penicillata, Helogale parvula, Atilax paludinosus, Herpestes ichneumon, H. pulverulentus, H. sanguineus, Ichneumia albicauda, Lycaon pictus, Vulpes chama, Canis mesomelas, C. adustus, Acinonyx jubatus, Panthera pardus, P. leo, Felis caracal, F. libyca, F. serval, F. nigripes, Hyaena brunnea, Crocuta crocuta. The status of each species is also discussed.
Species wood density and the location of planted seedlings drive early‐stage seedling survival during tropical forest restoration

1.The success of restoration projects is known to vary widely, with outcomes relating to numerous biotic and abiotic factors. Though many studies have examined the factors associated with long-term restoration success, few have examined which factors impact the establishment of restoration plantings. 2.In Australia's Wet Tropics, we used a large replicated restoration experiment to assess seedling survival for 24 native rainforest species commonly used in local restoration efforts. The experiment allowed for a rigorous assessment of the effects of species functional traits, planting conditions and landscape and local scale biotic and abiotic factors on seedling survival. This study reports on seedling survival between three different time periods of 0 – 4, 4 – 9 and 9 – 31 months post planting. 3.The probability of seedling survival was influenced by multiple factors, varying in importance over time. Across the whole study period, seedlings with high wood density and which were planted closer to intact forest consistently displayed the highest probabilities of survival. Transient factors affecting seedling survival across the three time periods included plot aspect (0 – 4 months only), the identity of the planter and slope (4 – 9 and 9 – 31 months). Overall, species survival did not differ between the low (6 species) and high (24 species) diversity treatments, but was significantly lower in monocultures of Flindersia brayleyana by the end of the study. 4.We demonstrate that early-stage seedling survival depends on species wood density and planting location. Our results support the use of species with more conservative growth strategies when limited funds are available for follow-up plantings. Specifically, high wood density species had significantly higher survival than lower wood density, early successional species typically used in rainforest restoration plantings. 5.Synthesis and applications. Our study highlights the importance of wood density and landscape structure to the initial survival of rainforest plantings. Factors influencing seedling survival shifted over time, but most importantly, our results highlight that, when planting into abandoned pastures, it may be preferable to select species with higher wood densities to maximize survival during the crucial early stages of establishment and growth. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Genotoxicity of cosmetic chemicals in human breast epithelial cells

The incidence of female breast cancer is rising globally at unprecedented rates with a near doubling in many countries. Oestrogen is a main risk factor and many environmental chemicals have been shown to possess oestrogenic activity (xenoestrogens) and to enter the human breast from exposure through diet, the domestic environment or personal care products. The aims of this project were to investigate whether xenoestrogens also possess genotoxic activity. The compounds studied were three cyclosiloxanes (D3, D4, and D5), butylphenylmethylpropional (Lilial), triclosan and aluminium salts which are used extensively in personal care products, and bisphenol-A which is used widely in the manufacture of plastics. Genotoxicity was assessed from their ability to enable growth in suspension culture, to damage DNA in a comet assay and to interfere with cellular DNA repair systems in two immortalised non-transformed human breast epithelial cell lines (MCF10A and MCF10F). The ability of non-transformed epithelial cells to grow in suspension culture is an established marker of transformation. All these compounds enabled growth of MCF10A and MCF10F cells in suspension with maximal effects observed at 10-10M D3, 10-5M D4, 10-5M D5, 10-5M bisphenol A, 10-7M triclosan and 10-5M butylphenylmethylpropional (Lilial). The comet assay showed DNA damage after 1 hour exposure to 17β-oestradiol in both cell lines as well as to 10-5M D3, 10-5M D4 or 10-5M butylphenylmethylpropional (Lilial). Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) was used to detect effects of these chemicals on mRNA levels in MCF-10A and MCF-10F cells for 14 key DNA repair proteins (BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, ATR, BRIP1, CHK1, CHK2, p53, PALB2, PARP1, PTEN, Rad50, Rad51 and STK111). Increases in mRNA for BRCA1 were detected after both short-term (1 week) and long-term (30 weeks) exposure to 10-5M D3 and 10-5M D4, 10-5M D5 gave an increase only after shortterm exposure (1 week). Decreases in BRCA2 mRNA were found after both short-term (1 week) and long-term (30 weeks) exposure to 10-5M D3 and 10-7M triclosan: long-term exposure (30 weeks) resulted in increases after exposure to 10-5M D5, 10-5M bisphenol A and 10-5M butylphenylmethylpropional (Lilial). Western immunoblotting showed that BRCA1 protein was reduced in line with the mRNA results, demonstrating that in this case transcription and translation followed the same pattern. A shorter study using long–term exposure (20 weeks) to aluminium based antiperspirant salts at 10-4M concentrations showed reduced expression also of BRCA1 mRNA and BRCA1 protein together with reduced expression of other mRNAs. In summary, all these compounds showed genotoxic activity in MCF10A and MCF10F cells and points to the potential for reduction in exposure as a strategy for breast cancer prevention
An intercontinental comparison of niche conservatism along a temperature gradient

Phylogenetic niche conservatism (PNC) predicts that closely related species will have similar distributions along major environmental gradients, e.g. temperature. We test this theory by comparing the central tendencies of temperature for selected woody genera, and investigating whether these genera have a similar rank order (sequence) across continents and hemispheres. A strong correlation may indicate niche conservatism, as inherited temperature tolerance would best explain a positive correlation.