Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling Subsurface Drainage and Surface Runoff with WEPP

The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) is a new technology based on fundamentals of hydrology, soil physics, plant science, hydraulics, and erosion mechanics. WEPP hydrology includes simulation of excess rainfall using the Green‐Ampt infiltration equation, surface runoff routing, evapotranspiration, percolation, and subsurface drainage to tiles (or ditch). Soil water flowing to an artificial drain (tiles or ditch) reduces the antecedent water content of soil and results in increasing soil‐infiltration capacity and reduction of storm runoff. Hydrometeorological, vegetation, topographical, and soil data from a poorly drained watershed subjected to subsurface drainage system were used to evaluate the WEPP hydrology components. Model‐simulated and measured storm‐runoff hydrographs were compared for the pre‐ and postsubsurface drainage installation. The results indicate that, in general, the model does an acceptable job of predicting storm and peak runoff rate for pre‐ and.
Occurrence of kleptoparasitic sarcophagid flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Miltogramminae) in natural and human modified sites in Southern South American Andean landscapes

Sarcophagid flies belonging to the subfamily Miltogramminae are mainly kleptoparasites of bees and solitary wasps. Twenty-six locations were surveyed to accomplish the first specific exploration on the diversity of Miltogramminae in southern Andean areas of South America. We evaluated changes in abundance, richness and composition among habitat types to establish the effect of anthropization on the Miltogramminae community. Habitat types were considered as human modified (trails and roads, parks and meadows) and natural sites (watercourses and lake beaches, sandy and shrubby areas), distributed in two ecoregions (Valdivian forest and Patagonian steppe). We found differences in the capture rate and composition of Miltogramminae among habitat types. The species Opsidia intonsa Aldrich was highly dominant in samples, with higher proportional abundance in human modified habitats. Richness of Miltogramminae was higher in natural sites. Comparisons between the ecoregions surveyed indicated the genus Opsidia Coquillett did not show differences in abundance between ecoregions, whereas Senotainia Macquart was more abundant in the Patagonian steppe. The results provide evidence on the significant effects of human influence on landscapes in kleptoparasitic fly diversity. Slight modifications of natural areas (as proliferation of trails or isolated houses) should be addressed to evaluate the conservation of kleptoparasitic Diptera.
Developing groundwater potentiality models by coupling ensemble machine learning algorithms and statistical techniques for sustainable groundwater management

Abstract The present study intends to construct a logistic regression based hybrid EML model by considering nine standalone and ensemble machine learning (EML) algorithms as parameters for groundwater potentiality mapping (GPM) in the Teesta River basin of Bangladesh, including random forest (RF), M5P, artificial neural network (ANN), random subspace (RS), dagging, bagging, random tree, support vector machine (SVM), and REPTree. The GPM were then validated using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. To investigate the effect of the parameters for GPM, we used classification and regression tree (CART) and RF based sensitivity analysis. The very high (831-1200km2) and high groundwater potential areas (521-680km2), were predicted using nine EML algorithms and one hybrid model. The REPTree (AUC-0.893) model outperformed other nine models based on ROC's area under curve (AUC). Furthermore, the LR algorithm-based hybrid EML model outperformed the REPTree model in terms of precision (AUC: 0.933).
Comparison of a single-use, digital flexible ureteroscope with a reusable, fiberoptic ureteroscope for management of patients with urolithiasis.

OBJECTIVES Ureteroscopy is one of the commonest procedures performed to manage urolithiasis. Flexible ureteroscopy has been traditionally based on reusable, fiber-optic ureteroscopes. Technology advancements permitted the development of single-use scopes with digital image. The aim of this study is to compare efficacy and safety between a reusable, fiberoptic ureteroscope with a single-use, digital scope. PATIENTS AND METHODS We collected data based on chart review from a prospectively collected database on a tertiary, high-volume hospital in Greece. Baseline, perioperative and postoperative data were gathered and analyzed. Chi-square and Fisher's exact test was used to compare qualitative data and unpaired t-test for continuous data, with a statistical significance set at a = 0.05. RESULTS 40 patients underwent flexible ureteroscopy with a single- use digital scope, while 37 with the reusable scope. The two groups were matched regarding baseline characteristics and stone-related parameters. After data analysis, a shorter operative time in favor of single-use flexible ureteroscope was detected (45 vs 65 min, p = 0.001), while safety was also in favor of this type of scope with a significantly higher immediate stonefree rate (70% vs 43%, p = 0.005). Overall complications did not differ between the two groups, although a lower sepsis rate was detected in patients treated with single-use scope. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that single-use, digital ureteroscopes are a viable alternative for flexible ureteroscopy and management of urolithiasis, especially in centers with deficient facilities for sterilization and ensured funds for more expensive reusable scopes.
Waveguide-to-coaxial transition of reduced height

The results of the waveguide-to-coaxial transition design based on the finite element method (FEM) are considered in this paper. The special features of this transition are the reduced height and the complex structure of its construction. The calculation of this transition parameter is difficult because of the nonstandard cross-section of the waveguide and the high value of the exiting post longitude. The finite element method should be most effective in calculating waveguide-to-coaxial transition. It allows one to design waveguide-to-coaxial transitions of classical construction and original construction (for instance with dielectric filling) which are divided into a large quantity of small regions and to calculate the field in each element of the mesh.
University Language Instructors’ Preparedness for Technology-Mediated Instruction and Burnout During the COVID-19 Pandemic

This quantitative study explored the preparedness of foreign language teachers for technology-mediated instruction and the burnout conditions that characterized their transition from in-person to off-campus second/foreign language education during the covid-19 pandemic. The data were collected from 104 university instructors through a Google Forms® survey and a burnout questionnaire in a Mexican state which was severely hit by the virus in the spring of 2020. The survey elicited information about institutional conditions, teacher education and technology access and use. The burnout questionnaire explored exhaustion, depersonalization and accomplishment during off-campus technology-mediated language instruction. Both survey and questionnaire answers were subject to frequency analyses. In terms of teacher preparedness, data analyses revealed that the participants had a large number of teaching hours; they held sustained computer/Internet access but lacked technology-assisted language teaching training; thus, they independently sought out technological resources for the delivery of their lessons. With regard to burnout, data analyses indicated that many participants experienced exhaustion due to work overload, use of technology, and its proper integration in the lessons. Nonetheless, the use of technology helped them maintain interest in their learners, feel satisfaction and accomplish academic aims.
Two-Phase Flow and Heat Transfer in Pin-Fin Enhanced Micro-Gaps With Non-Uniform Heating

In modern microprocessors, thermal management has become one of the main hurdles in continued performance enhancement. Cooling schemes utilizing single phase microfluidics have been investigated extensively for enhanced heat dissipation from microprocessors. However, two-phase fluidic cooling devices are becoming a promising approach, and are less understood. This study aims to examine two-phase flow and heat transfer within a pin-fin enhanced micro-gap. The pin-fin array covered an area of 1cm × 1cm and had a pin diameter, height and pitch of 150μm, 200μm and 225μm, respectively, (aspect ratio of 1.33). Heating from two upstream heaters was considered. The working fluid used was R245fa. The average heat transfer coefficient was evaluated for a range of heat fluxes and flow rates. Flow regime visualization was performed using high-speed imaging. Results indicate a sharp transition to convective flow boiling mechanism. Unique, conically-shaped two-phase wakes are recorded, demonstrating 2D spreading capability of the device. Surface roughness features are also discussed.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Clinico-radiological and functional outcome of Mayo type IIA olecranon fractures managed with tension band wiring in a tertiary care centre in North India

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong>Tension band wiring is the most common operative technique for the internal fixation of olecranon fractures. Stable internal fixation with figure of eight tension band wiring used for simple transverse fractures allows early range of motion, minimize stiffness and gives good results. The aim of this study is to evaluate the functional outcome of simple transverse fractures managed by tension band wiring. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was an observational prospective study of 24 patients with Mayo type IIA fractures aged between 18 to 65 years, with mean age of 42.5 years treated by tension band wiring. Functional outcome was assessed with Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) subjective pain score. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>Our study was conducted on 24 patients with Mayo type IIA, out of which 16 were males and 8 were females. Most common mode of injury was fall from standing height (75%), followed by road traffic accident (16.7%) and assault (8.3%). The age range was between 18 to 65 years, with mean age of 42.5 years. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Tension band wiring is an effective method for the treatment of transverse, non-comminuted and unstable fractures of the olecranon which provides stable fixation, early rehabilitation and gives excellent results when done in expert hands. </p>
Two-way communication over gas pipe-line using multicarrier modulated sound waves with cyclic frequency shifting

In recent years, several studies on acoustic communication systems utilizing gas pipe lines have been carried out. However, in conventional acoustic communication technology, the transmission rate cannot be improved because of the reverberant signals arising from reflections at the bends and branches in pipes. To reduce the effect of the reverberant signals and to improve the transmission data rate, we studied a multi-carrier modulation system. In this study, to avoid intersymbol interference, we employed special modulation symbols composed of multicarrier frequencies which change cyclically. To evaluate the proposed system, we constructed an experimental setup simulating a pipe system equivalent to that of a six-story building as a communication path. We achieved a transmission rate of 3,840 bps using the proposed method.
Comparative exergy and energy assessment of a biogas plant with biological purification process: A multigeneration system

The improved systems of biogas production usually increase the energy consumption of biogas plants. Therefore, it is very important to determine an appropriate improvement system to increase plant efficiency. For this purpose, a biogas plant with a biological self-purification system was energetically and exergetically analyzed, and its performance was compared with that of a base plant. To keep the temperature of digesters up to 310.2 K, a solar water heater was used. It was able to maintain a high level of efficiency for both plants. The energy analysis of the plants indicated that the overall energetic efficiency of both plants was very close. The exergy analysis of the plants showed that the overall exergetic efficiency of the self-purification biogas plant (76.24%) was higher than that of the base plant (66.78%). This is due to the fact that the total exergy destruction rate of the self-purification plant was lower than that of the base plant and the exergy rate of biogas output of the self-purification plant was higher than that of the base plant. The exergy analyses of both plant components showed that although the highest exergy destruction rates were attributed to the principle digester and separation unit, they showed the highest exergetic improvement potential rates. These results confirm that the digesters in biogas plants have a great potential to be improved exergetically, and the self-purification system is a suitable improvement system to increase the plant efficiency exergetically.
What drives employees to participate in corporate social responsibility? A personal characteristics - CSR capacity - organizational reinforcing model of employees’ motivation for voluntary CSR activities

Abstract Employees’ participation in corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a channel that not only helps corporations convey their social responsibility messages but also, in the long run, enhances stakeholder-organization relationships and builds corporate image. Given the important role employees play in CSR, inadequate attention is paid to their motivation to engage in voluntary CSR activities, and there is a research gap in the literature in terms of a lack of a systematic view of that motivation. Therefore, this study seeks to narrow this gap by exploring the factors influencing individual employees’ motivation to take part in voluntary CSR activities, using a qualitative approach, with empirical data collected from employees of leading CSR companies in Vietnam. Through grounded theory analysis, our findings lead to the proposal of a personal characteristics – CSR capacity – organizational reinforcing model, revealing different intrinsic and extrinsic elements, categorized into personal characteristics, CSR capacities and organizational reinforcement, that motivate employees to participate and engage in voluntary CSR activities. Our findings and the proposed model offer a significant contribution to the CSR literature and organization management theories, and also provide insights and practical implications for those involved in CSR endeavors, including human resource (HR) managers in organizations. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2021. 1967422 .
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A Velocity Estimation Technique for a Monocular Camera Using mmWave FMCW Radars

Perception in terms of object detection, classification, and dynamic estimation (position and velocity) are fundamental functionalities that autonomous agents (unmanned ground vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles, or robots) have to navigate safely and autonomously. To date, various sensors have been used individually or in combination to achieve this goal. In this paper, we present a novel method for leveraging millimeter wave radar’s (mmW radar’s) ability to accurately measure position and velocity in order to improve and optimize velocity estimation using a monocular camera (using optical flow) and machine learning techniques. The proposed method eliminates ambiguity in optical flow velocity estimation when the object of interest is at the edge of the frame or far away from the camera without requiring camera–radar calibration. Moreover, algorithms of various complexity were implemented using custom dataset, and each of them successfully detected the object and estimated its velocity accurately and independently of the object’s distance and location in frame. Here, we present a complete implementation of camera–mmW radar late feature fusion to improve the camera’s velocity estimation performance. It includes setup design, data acquisition, dataset development, and finally, implementing a lightweight ML model that successfully maps the mmW radar features to the camera, allowing it to perceive and estimate the dynamics of a target object without any calibration.
Market-based support schemes for renewable energy sources

The European Union set ambitious goals regarding the production of electricity from renewable energy sources and the majority of European governments have implemented policies stimulating investments in such technologies. Support schemes differ in many aspects, not only in their effectivity and efficiency but also in the long-term incentives provided and in the financial risk involved for investors. This research compares the performance of different policy mechanisms analyzing the interaction between carbon reduction and renewable support policies. Using an agent-based model this research investigates how energy policy affects the investment decisions of generating companies by changing the profit and risk profiles of investment projects. Two econometric analyses are also presented which investigate the behavior of market participants in green certificate markets. These studies analyze the impact of regulatory uncertainty on the volatility of green certificate markets and the impact of regulatory frameworks on pricing behavior. Finally, this thesis proposes a novel approach to improve the performance of green certificate markets by providing more stable and predictable revenues for producers, lowering project risk. The proposed mechanism combines traditional certificate markets with a system of call options purchased in centralized auctions by the regulator.
Teaching Note—Witnessing Microaggressions: BSW Students’ Responses to Vignettes

ABSTRACT Social work students need to develop skills to respond to microaggressions targeting people from marginalized social identity groups. In this qualitative study, BSW students and recent graduates (N=20) were presented with 10 five vignettes based on real-life examples from social work classrooms. Through semi-structured interviews, students shared their perspectives about whether, and how, each situation should be addressed by witnesses. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Themes included the ethical obligation to intervene, confidence, allyship, the value of self-advocacy, and the effect on the targeted students. Primary themes about intervention included address politely, call out instructor, do nothing, check in with the student, and advocate with administrators. Implications for supporting students’ awareness and skills in responding to microaggressions are discussed.
Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Idli Batter and their Susceptibility to Antibiotics

Idli is a common flour based fermented food prepared using lactic acid bacteria which bear probiotic properties, consumed in Sri Lanka and some parts of India. The objective of the present study was to characterize the lactic acid bacteria from idli batter, identify the changes of acidity during fermentation and to determine the antibiotic sensitivity of isolates. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated and characterized up to genus level. Subsequently, antibiotic susceptibility of isolates against four antibiotics was studied. Changes of pH, lactic acid bacterial count and titratable acidity with fermentation were determined. The pH value dropped steadily from 6.28 to 3.72 while titratable acidity increased from 0.24 to 0.92% during the fermentation period of 0 to 32 h. With fermentation, the lactic acid bacterial count was increased up to 9.88 log10cfu/g after 12 hours of fermentation and the count reduced with increasing acidity. A bacterial count of 5.91 log10cfu/g was recorded at the end of 32 hours of fermentation. Ten lactic acid bacteria isolates were identified from idli batter, of which six isolates were rod shaped and other four were cocci. All isolates were Gram positive, non-motile, no n-spore formers and catalase negative. According to the above tests, it was confirmed up to the genus level that all strains be longed to Lactic acid bacteria. All isolates were susceptible to more than two antibiotics. The diameter of the zone of inhibition ranged from 1-23 mm. The highest zone of inhibition was observed in isolates I-6 against chloromphenicol (23 mm) while the lowest zone of inhibition was observed in isolates I-2 against erythromycin (1 mm). With fermentation the biochemic al and sensory qualities of idli batter were changed. Lactic Acid Bacteria isolates showed different sensitivity towards antibiotics tested.
Comparing Team Interactions in Traditional and BIM-Lean Design Management

There is qualitative evidence showing that design teams that use BIM-lean management have a higher level of interaction than design teams that do not use this management approach. However, there is no quantitative empirical evidence of this higher level of interaction. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to present quantitative empirical evidence of the differences among the various types of interactions of a design team. Two case studies were analyzed, and their design management was assessed from a lean BIM perspective while their team interactions were assessed using social network analysis (SNA). To achieve the aim of this paper, four steps were performed: (1) case study selection; (2) description of the design management of the projects from the lean design management and BIM perspectives; (3) assessment of design team interaction; and (4) comparison using SNA. The results show that the project that applied BIM-lean management exhibited higher levels of interactions among its design team members than the traditional team; transparent, orderly, and standardized information flows; a collaborative, trusting, and learning environment; and commitment management. None of these interaction elements were visible in the project that did not apply BIM-lean management. It is suggested that an analysis be performed on a representative sample of projects in the future so that conclusive statistical inferences could be made.