Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Investigation of the Evolution of Cometary Analogs: Results and Interpretation

Abstract The thermal and structural evolution of multicomponent ice/mineral samples due to surface radiative heating has been investigated experimentally. The components of the samples were water ice, carbon dioxide ice, and dunite. Starting with originally homogeneous mixtures, we observed the sublimation of different volatiles under low pressure and low temperature conditions. This process resulted in the formation of stratified samples, containing clearly divided regimes with different chemical composition and cohesivity. A new computer model, developed along the lines of our previous work, is applied to provide a quantitative description of the observed temperature evolution and stratification within the samples. These processes may play a key role in the formation of surface layers of cometary nuclei. Within the ROSETTA mission, several already accepted experiments aim at a direct (in situ) investigation of just these near-surface layers on the nucleus of Comet P/Wirtanen. Therefore, both the rather generally applicable thermal model and the particular results of our laboratory experiments may provide useful support for the design of these experiments.
Higher Order Calculation of Finite Periodic Standing Gravity Waves by Means of the Computer

A computer-aided calculation is made of the standing water waves which can be produced in liquid contained between two parallel vertical plane walls. The periodic solution is obtained analytically up to the eighth order of an amplitude by the use of the formula manipulation language REDUCE-2. This result agrees with that of Penney and Price (Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A 244 (1952) 254) up to the fourth order, but not in the fifth order. It is clue to their algebraic error in this order. The present solution gives 0. 138λ as the maximum crest height of the greatest stable standing wave, where λ is the wavelength. The wave profile from our solution is in better agreement with experiments than that from Penney and Price.
Signal/noise separation and velocity estimation

A signal/noise separation must recognize the lateral coherence of geologic events and their statistical predictability before extracting those components most useful for a particular process, such as velocity analysis. Events with recognizable coherence we call signal; the rest we term noise. Let us define “focusing” as increasing the statistical independence of samples with some invertible, linear transform L. By the central limit theorem, focused signal must become more non‐Gaussian; the same L must defocus noise and make it more Gaussian. A measure F defined from cross entropy measures non‐Gaussianity from local histograms of an array, and thereby measures focusing. Local histograms of the transformed data and of transformed, artificially incoherent data provide enough information to estimate the amplitude distributions of transformed signal and noise; errors only increase the estimate of noise. These distributions allow the recognition and extraction of samples containing the highest percentage of sig.
Structure and phase-change phenomena in evaporated thin films of cobalt phthalocyanine

The structures of thin films of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) which have been deposited onto glass substrates at room temperature are investigated. Films of thickness 0.1 μm are primarily of the α-form and show a single Bragg peak indicating a strong preferential orientation in either the [001] or [200] directions, depending on whether the structure is tetragonal or orthorhombic. Films of thickness 1 μm show a slight decrease in the degree of preferential orientation, with the appearance of several additional peaks. After annealing at approximately 300 °C much of the material undergoes a phase transition to the stable β-form, preferentially oriented in the [001] direction, while annealing at lower temperatures produces a mixture of the α- and β-phases. The mean crystallite grain size increases systematically with maximum annealing temperature from approximately 30 nm without annealing to a maximum of approximately 100 nm when annealed at 315 °C.
Updated Mortality Analysis of SELTINE, the French Cohort of Nuclear Workers, 1968–2014

Simple Summary Cohort studies of nuclear workers are key to study the health effects of protracted exposures to low doses of ionizing radiation (IR), which is necessary to verify the adequacy of radiation protection standards. In this cohort of nuclear workers monitored for exposure to IR and followed-up for mortality, a strong healthy worker effect was observed. Exposure to IR was significantly associated with death from leukaemia and dementia. This second finding is novel and should be interpreted with caution at this stage. It should motivate the research community to evaluate its replicability by studying dementia in other cohorts exposed to low-dose IR. Findings for solid cancers were not statistically significant, but estimates were still imprecise and compatible with those from other studies. Continued follow-up of the cohort and its participation in pooled analyses with similar cohorts will help to further improve the statistical precision of risk estimates in the future. Abstract Cohorts of nuclear workers are particularly relevant to study the health effects of protracted exposures to low doses at low dose-rates of ionizing radiation (IR). In France, a cohort of nuclear workers badge-monitored for external IR exposure has been followed-up for several decades. Its size and follow-up period have recently been extended. The present paper focuses on mortality from both cancer and non-cancer diseases in this cohort. The SELTINE cohort of nuclear workers employed by CEA, Orano, and EDF companies was followed-up for mortality from 1968 to 2014. Mortality in the cohort was compared to that in the French general population. Poisson regression methods were used to estimate excess relative rates of mortality per unit of cumulative dose of IR, adjusted for calendar year, age, company, duration of employment, and socioeconomic status. The cohort included 80,348 workers. At the end of the follow-up, the mean attained age was 63 years, and 15,695 deaths were observed. A strong healthy worker effect was observed overall. A significant excess of pleural cancer mortality was observed but not associated with IR dose. Death from solid cancers was positively but non-significantly associated with radiation. Death from leukaemia (excluding chronic lymphocytic leukaemia), dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease were positively and significantly associated with IR dose. Estimated dose–risk relationships were consistent with those from other nuclear worker studies for all solid cancers and leukaemia but remained associated with large uncertainty. The association between IR dose and dementia mortality risk should be interpreted with caution and requires further investigation by other studies.
Whole brain transplantation in man: Technically feasible

is is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, transform, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. ©2022 Published by Scientific Scholar on behalf of Surgical Neurology International Editorial
Exciton dephasing in strain-compensated self-assembled InAs quantum dots

We investigate the dephasing of excitons in InAs self-assembled quantum dots by using a transient four-wave-mixing technique. A used sample is specially designed to compensate the strain. We observe long-lived coherence of excitons at 5 K which corresponds to the dephasing time longer than a nanosecond, where the photon energy of the excitation pulse is 0.874~eV. We find that a pure dephasing due to exciton-phonon interactions dominates in the exciton dephasing rather than the population decay and the exciton-exciton interaction in the weak excitation region, by analyzing the population lifetime and the polarization-dependent dephasing time.
The low frequency sound from multipole sources in axisymmetric shear flows, with applications to jet noise

We have obtained a closed-form solution for the sound radiation from multipole sources imbedded in an infinite cylindrical jet with an arbitrary velocity profile. It is valid in the limit where the wavelength is large compared with the jet radius. Simple formulae for the acoustic pressure field due to convected point sources are also obtained. The results show (in a simple way) how the mean flow affects the radiation pattern from the sources. For convected lateral quadrupoles it causes the exponent n of the Doppler factor (1 - M cosθ)−n multiplying the far-field pressure signal to be increased from the value of 3 used by Lighthill to 5.
Plasma Methionine and Clinical Severity in Nitrous Oxide Consumption

In the last few years, there has been an increase in the recreational use of nitrous oxide (N2O), which can lead to neurological symptoms such as sensory or motor disorders. The literature links these symptoms to a functional inactivation of vitamin B12 by oxidation of its cobalt ion, which prevents the vitamin B12 from acting as a cofactor for methionine synthase. Thus, demyelination related to methionine deficiency could be responsible for the neurological disorders associated with N2O consumption, including the combined sclerosis of the spinal cord. We aimed to study the correlation between the plasma methionine levels and clinical severity observed in N2O users. We retrospectively collected clinical and biological data from 93 patients who chronically consumed N2O. The patients were divided into four groups based of the severity of their clinical symptoms (based on their Peripheral Neuropathy Disability (PND) score). The plasma amino acids measurement, including methionine, were performed systematically by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Plasma methionine is significantly correlated with the clinical severity (Spearman coefficient: −0.42; p-value < 10−5), however, the average methionine level in the four groups is within the physiological values (N: 16–23 µmol/L). There is a significant inverse correlation between plasma methionine and homocysteine (Spearman coefficient: −0.57; p-value < 10−9), which confirms the action of nitrous oxide on the methionine synthase. A decrease in plasma methionine cannot be imputed as the only mechanism involved in the pathophysiology of the neurological disorders in nitrous oxide consumption. In addition, there are few therapeutic indications for the use of methionine. Thus, we should be careful concerning the potential use of methionine in nitrous oxide consumption. As a consequence, other pathophysiological mechanisms probably need to be identified in order to find potential therapeutic targets.
Some cubic modular identities of Ramanujan

There is a beautiful cubic analogue of Jacobi's fundamental theta function identity: θ⁴₃ = θ⁴₄ + θ⁴₂. It is $(\sum_{n,m=-\infty}^{\infty} q^{n^2+nm+m^2})³ = (\sum_{n,m=-\infty}^{\infty} ω^{n-m}q^{n²+nm+m²})³ + (\sum_{n,m=-\infty}^{\infty} q^{(n+1/3)²+(n+1/3)(m+1/3)+(m+1/3)²})³. $ Here $ω = exp(2π i/3). $ In this note we provide an elementary proof of this identity and of a related identity due to Ramanujan. We also indicate how to discover and prove such identities symbolically.
Direct numerical simulation of equilibrium spatially localized structures in pipe flow

The possibility of intermittent turbulent shear flows’ description by means of nonstationary long-wave three-dimensional Navier–Stokes solutions is shown in principle. The classical problem of viscous incompressible fluid flows in a circular pipe at transitional Reynolds numbers 1800⩽Re⩽4000 is taken as a model one. By means of direct numerical simulation statistically stationary Navier–Stokes solutions which describe turbulent (at 2500⩽Re⩽4000), intermittent (at Re=2200,2350), and laminar (Re⩽2000) flow regimes are obtained. Numerical solutions at Re=2200,2350 describe equilibrium self-sustained flow regimes in which turbulent structures surrounded by almost laminar flow propagate downstream while preserving their length. Thus, theoretical confirmation of the existence of particular transitional flow regimes—equilibrium puffs—is achieved. The space-time structure of equilibrium puffs is examined with particular emphasis on flow visualization and calculation of propagation velocities. Basic turbulence sta.
COMPUTATION OF THE FLOW AND NEAR SOUND FIELDS OF A FREE SURFACE PIERCING CYLINDER

The near sound field generated due to a vertically mounted circular cylinder piercing a free surface in shallow water, is studied computationally using the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach and the sound wave equation. The flow is simulated in both the air and water phases. The interface surface is allowed to move and is simulated using the Volume of Fluid technique. The pressure distribution over the cylinder is fed back into the sound wave equation to calculate the near field. The interface surface is modeled as a zero pressure surface in the acoustic calculation and the bottom is taken as having infinite impedence modeling the case of a rigid floor. Two of acoustic calculations methods are used. In the first method, the interface surface is assumed to be fixed and the wave equation is solved in the frequency domain in a post-processing stage. In the second method, the evolution of the interface surface is taken into account and the wave equation is simulated simultaneously with the LES. Both solutions are analyzed and compared to show that the interface surface acts as a strong damper to the low frequency sound by damping the vortex Von Karman rollers as well as causing the low frequency component to be nonradiative. The variation of the near sound field with the water depth and Froude number is investigated and the propagation and damping characteristics are analyzed.
Promoter ownership, institutional ownership, and firm performance

The study aims to examine the relationship between ownership structure and firm performance. We have analyzed the data of 113 firms with 565 observations from 2013 to 2017 using the fixed panel data estimation approach. A subsample analysis has been employed by dividing the data based on firm size, board size, and firm age to test the robustness of the analysis. Results indicate a positive impact of domestic promoters, foreign promoters, and institutional shareholders on firm performance, whereas non-institutional shareholders bear an inverse relationship with performance. It has implications for regulators and policymakers responsible for formulating ownership structure policies in light of ongoing regulatory reforms.
Adaptive Significance Levels in Tests for Linear Regression Models: The e-Value and P-Value Cases

The full Bayesian significance test (FBST) for precise hypotheses is a Bayesian alternative to the traditional significance tests based on p-values. The FBST is characterized by the e-value as an evidence index in favor of the null hypothesis (H). An important practical issue for the implementation of the FBST is to establish how small the evidence against H must be in order to decide for its rejection. In this work, we present a method to find a cutoff value for the e-value in the FBST by minimizing the linear combination of the averaged type-I and type-II error probabilities for a given sample size and also for a given dimensionality of the parameter space. Furthermore, we compare our methodology with the results obtained from the test with adaptive significance level, which presents the capital-P P-value as a decision-making evidence measure. For this purpose, the scenario of linear regression models with unknown variance under the Bayesian approach is considered.
Discontinuity and Fixed Points

w x In this paper we deal with the open question 7, p. 242 on the existence of a contractive definition which is strong enough to generate a fixed point but which does not force the map to be continuous at the fixed point and provide one such contractive definition. We also study this problem for a pair of mappings and establish a situation in which the common fixed point is a point of discontinuity. It may be observed in this context that it is w x known since the paper of Kannan 3 in 1968 that there exist maps that have a discontinuity in their domain but which have fixed points. However, in all the known cases the maps involved were continuous at the fixed point. The study of fixed points of contractive type mappings has centered around compatible mappings for more than a decade. However, the study of common fixed points of noncompatible mappings is equally interesting w x and this author 5 has initiated some work along these lines. Interestingly enough, the best examples of noncompatible mappings are found among pairs of mappings which are discontinuous at their common fixed point. Ž . w x Two self-maps f and g of a metric space X, d are called compatible 2 Ž . 4 if lim d fgx , gfx s 0 whenever x is a sequence such that lim fx s n n n n n n lim gx s t for some t in X. This implies that f and g will be noncomn n 4 patible if there exists a sequence x such that lim fx s lim gx s t for n n n n n Ž . some t in X but lim d fgx , gfx is either nonzero or nonexistent. In n n n w x 1994, the present author 4 introduced the notion of R weakly commuting w x maps and in a work Pathak, Cho, and Kang 6 gave an interesting analogue of R-weak commutativity by defining R-weak commutativity of Ž . Ž . type A . Two self-maps f and g of a metric space X, d are R weakly g
Correlation between Corneal Biomechanics and Lamina Cribrosa Curvature in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

Background: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. This condition is distinguished by progressive optic neuropathy, excavation of the optic disc, and characteristic visual field abnormalities. Intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation is the primary risk factor. Due to the same collagen makeup of the cornea and sclera, the cornea and lamina cribrosa (LC) may have similar biomechanical qualities. In the present study. This study aimed to establish the association between corneal biomechanical parameters and LC curvature in POAG-affected eyes. Methods: This prospective comparative cross-sectional investigation was conducted on sixty eyes at the Tanta University ophthalmology department. There were 30 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma and 30 eyes with normal age, gender, and refraction. The corneal biomechanical parameters applanation 1 length and velocity (A1L, A1V), applanation 2 length and velocity (A2L, A2V), peak distance (PD), the radius of curvature (R), and deformation amplitude (DA) were measured using a non-contact Scheimpflug-based tonometer (corvids ST). LC curvature was determined by measuring the LC curvature index (LCCI) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography B-scan pictures (OCT). The data were gathered and analyzed using a suitable statistical tool. Results: Mean A1V was significantly lower (P=0.027) in the POAG group (0.13 ± 0.02 m/sec) than the control groupn(0.14 ± 0.01 m/sec). PD was significantly increased (P=0.05) in the POAG group (4.30± 0.54 mm) than the control group (3.99± 0.66 mm). R was significantly higher (P=0.004) in the POAG group (7.90± 0.93 mm) than in the control group (7.14± 1.04 mm). DA was significantly lower (P<0.001) in the POAG group (0.95± 0.06 mm) than in the control group (1.11± 0.02 mm). LCCI was significantly higher (P<0.001) in the POAG group (10.69 ± 1.77) than in the control group (6.90 ± 0.93). LCCI showed a positive significant correlation with PD and R and a negative significant correlation with DA. Conclusions: The corneas of POAG eyes were less deformed than those of normal controls. In POAG patients, corneas with less deformability were related to a more posteriorly bent LC. This result may explain why corneal biomechanics may be utilized to evaluate and predict glaucoma risk and progression. Corvis ST is a novel non-contact tonometer that allows for simple estimation of corneal biomechanics and should be used routinely in patient monitoring.
The criminalisation and exploitation of irregular Chinese migrant workers in the United Kingdom

This article draws on narrative interviews with irregular Chinese migrant workers (ICMWs) in the United Kingdom (UK) to show how the UK's immigration policies foster forms of illegal working and labour exploitation that they are supposed to combat. It argues that the binary conceptualisation of ‘forced labour’ as the polar opposite of ‘free labour’ leaves those migrants working without a right to do so at the risk of both criminalisation and exploitation. The article shows how the fear of criminalisation, together with the pressure to become economically successful in the West, among ICMWs diminishes their capacity to leave exploitative work, reinforcing the unequal power relations between them and their employers, landlords, advisers, and translators. Many ICMWs who are officially cast as ‘illegal immigrants’ need protection, not from ‘snakeheads’ and ‘traffickers’, but the exploitative and precarious work UK government policies render them economically reliant upon.
A theory for generation of the paired region 1 and region 2 field‐aligned currents

We present a new theoretical model for generation of a pair of region 1 and region 2 field-aligned currents (FACs) under the condition of a southward interplanetary magnetic field. On the basis of the satellite observations it is assumed that the hot (≳1 keV) plasma particles are distributed in a magnetic shell connected to two ovals of diffuse auroras on the northern and southern polar ionospheres. The hot plasma population contained in this magnetic shell having several degrees of latitude in width is called the hot plasma torus (HPT). It is proposed that the region 1/region 2 FACs can be generated as a result of natural distortion of the HPT due to the solar wind convection. When the interplanetary magnetic field has a southward component, i.e., the IMF Bz is negative, the solar wind flow across open geomagnetic field lines gives rise to electric field convection patterns over the polar caps, which are modeled as twin vortex cells with antisunward flows in the center of the polar caps. The convection thus driven by the solar wind is referred to as the solar wind convection. If it were not for an E × B convection flow, the HPT would be shaped such that the HPT particles are contained in the “magnetic drift shells,” which are tangent to the averaged total magnetic drift velocity. In the presence of the solar wind convection, the configuration of the HPT will be deformed from the magnetic drift shells. Because of the distortion of the HPT, the pressure gradient in the HPT gains a component parallel to the magnetic drift. Therefore the HPT can be polarized because of oppositely directed magnetic drifts of the HPT electrons and protons: the high-latitude and low-latitude sides of the HPT on the eveningside are negative and positive, respectively, and the polarity is reversed on the morningside. The resulting pattern of large-scale field-aligned currents due to the polarization of the HPT is consistent with the observations of region 1 and region 2 FACs. Moreover, provided that the solar wind acts as a voltage generator in the interaction with the open field lines, as a long-term characteristic of the paired region 1 and region 2 FACs we can obtain the relationship between the FAC intensity and the ionospheric conductivity: both the region 1 and region 2 intensities increase linearly with the Pedersen conductivity, while the proportionality constant for the region 2 FAC is smaller than that for the region 1 FAC. Our predicted relation for geomagnetic quiet conditions quantitatively agrees with the regression lines between the current intensities and the Pedersen conductivities obtained on the basis of Magsat satellite observations by Fujii and Iijima [1987].