Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Social Network of Victims of Domestic Violence: A Network-Based Intervention Model to Improve Relational Autonomy

This study aims to understand when and how domestic violence victims’ relational autonomy changes and to propose an intervention model stemming from the findings. Using qualitative and social network analysis, we study the actions of network members, as well as changing features of victims’ networks. Results show that victims base their decisions on their expectations toward others, and on a desire to preserve their autonomy. Their relational autonomy tends to increase when they leave abusive partners and stay in shelters, but maintaining relational diversity proves challenging once they exit shelters. A network-based model of intervention that aims to improve the victims’ relational autonomy is proposed.
Cardiovascular Risks of Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the gold standard treatment in patients with locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer (PC). Emerging evidence has documented a tight association between ADT and body composition, along with metabolic profile impairment. These alterations might underpin the observed ADT-related increase in cardiovascular (CV) and thromboembolic (venous thromboembolism, VTE) mortality and morbidity. However, the specific mechanisms underlying these associations have not yet been completely elucidated. In the present review we summarize and discussed the available evidence linking ADT to increased cardio-metabolic risk, using both preclinical and clinical data. When possible, meta-analytic studies were preferred. Preclinical evidence, using a rabbit model of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue-induced hypogonadism, indicates that the induced condition is associated with a dramatic increase in visceral adiposity and with an impairment of acetylcholine induced vascular relaxation, along with an increased propensity towards fatty liver. This suggests a direct role of ADT in inducing a worsened metabolic profile. In contrast, available clinical data are not sufficient to clarify a direct pathogeniclink between reduced testosterone (T) and altered metabolism. In fact, although T deprivation is associated with an altered metabolism, it is possible that the association between ADT and CV or VTE risk could simply be the result of a selection bias, related to the poor health status of patients with advanced PC. Despite the aforementioned considerations, all patients who are candidatesfor ADT should be screened for CV risk factors at baseline and monitored during the therapy. Life-style modifications and physical exercise are strongly encouraged.
“Devi Mangiare!” [You have to eat!]: Experiences of disordered eating among Italian-Australian women

Abstract In this article, the researchers report findings on how food meanings, culture and gender intersect in the experiences of Italian-Australian women. In-depth narrative interviews were thematically analyzed using a feminist social constructionist framework informed by anthropological theories about “foodways” and culture. Three core themes were identified in the women’s narratives: “il cibo e’ tutto, il cibo e amore” – “food is everything, food is love”; “fare la bella figura” – “to make a good impression”; and “il mio piatto” – “it’s my plate”. The researchers demonstrate how gendered expectations of women in Italian-Australian culture intersect with food meanings, cultural ideals and practices to produce distinct experiences of disordered eating and restricted access to formal support. The relevance of the findings are likely to be applicable to other migrant communities across the world. Particularly where ethnic communities retain distinctive food related meanings and practices post migration, that may intersect with cultural ideals venerating female thinness and the psycho-medical models and practices that pathologize disordered eating.
Ovarian granulosa cell tumor characterization identifies FOXL2 as an immunotherapeutic target

Granulosa cell tumors (GCT) are rare ovarian malignancies. Due to the lack of effective treatment in late relapse, there is a clear unmet need for novel therapies. Forkhead Box L2 (FOXL2) is a protein mainly expressed in granulosa cells (GC) and therefore is a rational therapeutic target. Since we identified tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as the main immune population within GCT, TILs from 11 GCT patients were expanded, and their phenotypes were interrogated to determine that T cells acquired late antigen-experienced phenotypes and lower levels of PD1 expression. Importantly, TILs maintained their functionality after ex vivo expansion as they vigorously reacted against autologous tumors (100% of patients) and against FOXL2 peptides (57.1% of patients). To validate the relevance of FOXL2 as a target for immune therapy, we developed a plasmid DNA vaccine (FoxL2–tetanus toxin; FoxL2-TT) by fusing Foxl2 cDNA with the immune-enhancing domain of TT. Mice immunization with FoxL2-TT controlled growth of FOXL2-expressing ovarian (BR5) and breast (4T1) cancers in a T cell–mediated manner. Combination of anti–PD-L1 with FoxL2-TT vaccination further reduced tumor progression and improved mouse survival without affecting the female reproductive system and pregnancy. Together, our results suggest that FOXL2 immune targeting can produce substantial long-term clinical benefits. Our study can serve as a foundation for trials testing immunotherapeutic approaches in patients with ovarian GCT.
Myeloablative haploidentical BMT with posttransplant cyclophosphamide for hematologic malignancies in children and adults.

Promising results have been reported for patients with high-risk hematologic malignancies undergoing HLA-haploidentical bone marrow transplantation (haploBMT) with posttransplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy), but there are few data on outcomes with myeloablative conditioning in this context. We report the results of a single-institution, prospective phase 2 trial of myeloablative haploBMT using busulfan-based or total body irradiation-based conditioning in 96 children or adults (median age, 42 years; range, 1-65 years) with high-risk hematologic malignancies. Recovery of neutrophils and platelets occurred at a median of 24 and 29 days. Engraftment of donor cells with chimerism >95% was achieved in 91%. The cumulative incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) grades II to IV and grades III to IV at day 100 was 11% and 4%, and of chronic GVHD at 6 and 12 months was 4% and 15%, with 6% moderate to severe. The cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality was 6% at 100 days and 11% at 1 year (19% in those aged >55 years). The cumulative incidence of relapse at 1 year was 35%; at 3 years, it was 43%. In multivariable analysis, relapse was associated with increased age (P = .02 for age 20-55 years and P = .02 for age >55 years) and with minimal residual disease before transplantation (P = .05). The overall survival at 1 and 3 years is 73% and 54%, and event-free survival at 1 and 3 years is 57% and 49%. We show that haploBMT with PTCy after myeloablative conditioning is safe and efficacious for adult and pediatric patients with hematologic malignancies. Careful consideration must be given to using myeloablative conditioning in patients age >55 years. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as #NCT00796562.
Child-oriented and partner-oriented perfectionism explain different aspects of family difficulties

The aim of the study was to verify the relationship between child-oriented and partner-oriented perfectionism, and their associations with narcissism and with difficulties in the romantic and parental domains. A total of 459 individuals participated, 264 women and 195 men (Mage = 33.88, SD = 4.39). Child-oriented perfectionism and partner-oriented perfectionism were related to each other and positively correlated with narcissism. Partner-oriented perfectionism turned out to be a specific predictor of difficulties in the romantic relations, whereas child-oriented perfectionism was found to be a predictor of difficulties in parental relation. The results suggest that studies on other-oriented perfectionism should take into consideration concrete individuals at whom perfectionistic expectations are directed (e.g. partner and children). This will enable a more precise investigation of the influence of perfectionism on family life and a better understanding of the social consequences of other-oriented perfectionism.
The effect of calcium co-ingestion on exogenous glucose oxidation during endurance exercise in healthy men: A pilot study

Abstract The benefits of high exogenous glucose availability for endurance exercise performance are well-established. Exogenous glucose oxidation rates are thought to be limited by intestinal glucose transport. Extracellular calcium in rodent intestine increases the translocation of the intestinal glucose transporter GLUT2 which, if translated to humans, could increase the capacity for exogenous glucose availability during exercise. Therefore, this pilot study aimed to explore the effect of calcium co-ingestion during endurance exercise on exogenous glucose oxidation in healthy men. Eight healthy men cycled for 2 h at 50% peak power output, ingesting either 1.2 g min−1 dextrose alone (GLU) or with the addition of 2000 mg calcium (GLU + CAL), in a randomised crossover design. Expired breath samples were collected to determine whole-body and exogenous glucose oxidation. Peak exogenous glucose oxidation during GLU was 0.83 ± 0.15 g min−1, and was not enhanced during GLU + CAL (0.88 ± 0.11 g min−1, p = 0.541). The relative contributions of exogenous carbohydrate (19 ± 3% vs. 20 ± 2%, p = 0.434), endogenous carbohydrate (65 ± 3% vs. 65 ± 3%, p = 0.822) and fat (16 ± 3% vs. 15 ± 3%, p = 0.677) to total substrate utilisation did not differ between trials. These results suggest the addition of calcium to glucose ingestion, at saturating glucose ingestion rates, does not appear to alter exogenous glucose oxidation during endurance exercise in healthy men.
Isn’t high school bad enough already? Rates of gender harassment and institutional betrayal in high school and their association with trauma-related symptoms

Germinal studies have described the prevalence of sex-based harassment in high schools and its associations with adverse outcomes in adolescents. Studies have focused on students, with little attention given to the actions of high schools themselves. Though journalists responded to the #MeToo movement by reporting on schools’ betrayal of students who report misconduct, this topic remains understudied by researchers. Gender harassment is characterized by sexist remarks, sexually crude or offensive behavior, gender policing, work-family policing, and infantilization. Institutional betrayal is characterized by the failure of an institution, such as a school, to protect individuals dependent on the institution. We investigated high school gender harassment and institutional betrayal reported retrospectively by 535 current undergraduates. Our primary aim was to investigate whether institutional betrayal moderates the relationship between high school gender harassment and current trauma symptoms. In our pre-registered hypotheses (https://osf.io/3ds8k), we predicted that (1) high school gender harassment would be associated with more current trauma symptoms and (2) institutional betrayal would moderate this relationship such that high levels of institutional betrayal would be associated with a stronger association between high school gender harassment and current trauma symptoms. Consistent with our first hypothesis, high school gender harassment significantly predicted college trauma-related symptoms. An equation that included participant gender, race, age, high school gender harassment, institutional betrayal, and the interaction of gender harassment and institutional betrayal also significantly predicted trauma-related symptoms. Contrary to our second hypothesis, the interaction term was non-significant. However, institutional betrayal predicted unique variance in current trauma symptoms above and beyond the other variables. These findings indicate that both high school gender harassment and high school institutional betrayal are independently associated with trauma symptoms, suggesting that intervention should target both phenomena.
Herbicidal control of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and its impact on aquatic environment

A research programme was taken up to study the impact of herbicides on the control of water hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-laubach], optimize dose and time of application, and to trace the impact on aquatic environment through a series of greenhouse and pond studies. The study was undertaken at Veeranum Lake which has a command area of 18,000 ha connected through 27 distributary channels, and infested heavily with water hyacinth. Among the different herbicides tried, viz. glyphosate, 2,4-D Na salt and paraquat, glyphosate proved more efficient with higher magnitude of plant height reduction, weed mortality and reduction in biomass compared with 2,4-D and paraquat. The optimum dose of glyphosate, 2,4-D Na salt and paraquat was 2.5 kg/ha, 1.5 kg/ha and 1.5 kg/ha respectively. Different seasons did not influence the efficacy of herbicides. Glyphosate caused least fish mortality of 23.3% after 32 days. Different organs like gills, brain, liver and kidney of the fishes were studied, for histology and the observations showed tissue distractions in herbicides- treated fish. Glyphosate also proved more efficient and safe on water quality in terms of pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand and mineral content of treated water. The glyphosate-treated water was found safe for irrigating crops with 87, 58 and 62% germination of rice, cotton and okra respectively.
Diseases with health disparities as drivers of COVID‐19 outcome

The COVID‐19 pandemic has forced our society to come face to face with complex issues that were once theoretical but are now being played out in real time. As data from the pandemic accumulates, it is clear that COVID‐19 is impacting some parts of society more than others. Unfortunately, there is an almost complete overlap between COVID‐19 risk factors and conditions that are already represented as health disparities, such as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, lung disease and immune disorders. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological pathways that link these diseases to COVID‐19 outcome. An increased awareness of the factors underlying this issue, both societal and medical, is needed to understand the long‐term implications and possible solutions needed going forward.
Discourses of service recipients in the context of reablement in Norway

Abstract Background Reablement is a shift from reactive home care to a more preventive model based on active engagement. In this shift, it is interesting to uncover and understand potential discourses that may exist amongst service providers regarding their views of service recipients. Aim to explore and describe discourses of the view of service recipients in the context of reablement, from the service providers’ perspective. Method Participants were service providers working in reablement, with the analysis being retrieved from 13 focus groups. A critical discourse analysis was used in order to gain a broader understanding and to capture service providers’ views. Findings Five discourses were constructed. Three discourses indicated the way participants perceived service recipients included in reablement, namely the competent service recipient, the conventional service recipient, and the perfect service recipient. Two discourses categorised recipients related to whether or not they were included in reablement: the suitable service recipient who was excluded and the unsuitable service recipient who was included. Conclusion Service providers use a variety of different discourses when they talk about service recipients. Significance Service providers, including occupational therapists, must be aware of how unconscious discourses can affect those to whom they provide services.
Pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infections in ICU and risk factors of multi-drug resistance

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of the pathogenic bacteria causing the lower respiratory tract infections in the ICU so as to analyze the risk factors of multi-drug resistance and guide the reasonable treatment.METHODS The sputum specimens were collected from the patients with the lower respiratory tract infections who were treated in the ICU from Jan 2010 to Oct 2012.The routine bacterial culture and identification were performed,the species of the pathogens and the drug resistance were analyzed;the patients with the multidrug-resistant bacteria infections were assigned as the observation group,and the patients with the non-multidrug-resistant bacteria infections were set as the control group,the clinical data of the two groups of patients were collected and analyzed,and the risk factors were analyzed.RESULTS Totally 262 strains of pathogens were isolated from the sputum specimens of the 204 patients;there were 138(52.7%) strains of gram-negative bacilli,among which the detection rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the highest(23.7%);there were 84(32.0%) strains of gram-positive cocci,among which the detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus was the highest(22.1%);there were 40(15.3%) strains of fungi,among which Candida albicans accounted for 8.4%;the muldirug-resistant P.aeruginosa,S.aureus,and A.baumannii were the predominant species;the multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the more than 70 years of age,mechanical ventilation duration more than 2 weeks,use of carbapenem antibiotics,COPD history,and diabetes history were the independent risk factors of the multidrug-resistant bacteria infections.CONCLUSION The complications of COPD or diabetes,mechanical ventilation duration more than 2 weeks,and long term use of third generation cephalosporins or carbapenem antibiotics are the risk factors associated with the lower respiratory tract infections in the ICU patients.It is necessary to detect the pathogens and drug resistance and use the susceptible antibiotics for the treatment.
Lack of STI Treatment Accuracy When Relying on Syndromic Management in an Urgent Care Setting.

BACKGROUND Chlamydia and gonorrhea are two of the most common sexually transmitted infections and patients are increasingly seeking care for them in urgent care clinics. Providers often rely on syndromic management due to prolonged test turnaround times which can result in inappropriate treatment. METHODS This study retrospectively evaluated chlamydia and gonorrhea treatment accuracy of adults, men and women, aged 18 and older in four urgent cares in Northeast Iowa, using standard NAAT in a 6-month timeframe through medical records review. Seven hundred twenty-two visits were evaluated. RESULTS 25.8% (n=186/722) of patients were treated at the time of their visit, resulting in 68.8% (n=128/186) over-treatment and 8.2% (n=44/536) under-treatment. Logistic regression analysis found that treatment prescribed without diagnostic test results and the patient-collected vaginal swabs were predictors of inappropriate treatment. Patients who were treated in the clinic were significantly less likely to be treated appropriately compared to patients who were treated later based on test results (OR 0.04, CI 0.02-0.06). Patients that self-collected vaginal swabs had significantly lower odds of being treated appropriately (OR 0.04, CI 0.09-0.80). CONCLUSION Syndromic management leads to inaccurate treatment of chlamydia and gonorrhea at the time of the initial patient visit. Changes in practice in urgent care are needed in order to improve treatment accuracy by promoting antibiotic stewardship and decreasing forward disease transmission.
Long-term uveal and capsular biocompatibility of a new fluid-filled, modular accommodating intraocular lens.

PURPOSE To evaluate long-term uveal and capsular biocompatibility of a new fluid-filled modular accommodating intraocular lens (IOL) consisting of base and fluid lenses. SETTING John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. DESIGN Experimental study. METHODS Bilateral phacoemulsification was performed on 8 rabbits; 1 eye received the test IOL (Juvene, LensGen) and the other a hydrophobic acrylic control IOL (SA60AT, Alcon). Slitlamp examinations were performed at postoperative weeks 1 and 4, and at months 2, 3, and 6. The rabbits were killed at 6 months. After gross examination from the Miyake-Apple view, IOLs were removed for implant cytology. All globes were then processed for histopathologic examination. RESULTS Uveal biocompatibility was similar between test and control IOLs up to 6 months postoperatively. Anterior capsule opacification appeared absent in the test group, and posterior capsule opacification (PCO) was significantly less in comparison to the control group throughout the study. At 6 months, central PCO was scored as 0.12 +/- 0.23 with test IOLs, and as 4.0 +/- 0 with control IOLs (p < 0.0001 two-tail; paired t-test). Histopathologic examination confirmed the relative lack of capsular opacification in test eyes in comparison to controls and the absence of toxicity in any eye. CONCLUSIONS Six weeks in the rabbit model corresponds to approximately 2 years in the human eye in terms of PCO. In this model, the Juvene IOL maintained an open and expanded capsular bag, preventing overall capsular bag opacification while retaining excellent uveal and capsular biocompatibility.
Utility of serum beta-trace protein as a tool for estimating residual kidney function in peritoneal dialysis patients

Background: Beta-trace protein (BTP) is a novel marker for residual kidney function (RKF) without need for urinary collection. We aimed to examine its utility as a tool for estimating RKF in incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of incident PD patients from the balANZ trial cohort. The outcomes evaluated were trends of serum BTP concentration with time, factors associated with change in BTP using mixed-effect multilevel linear regression and correlation of BTP with mean urinary urea and creatinine clearances (measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR)). Performances of two BTP-derived equations (Shafi-Eqn and Steubl-Eqn) to estimate GFR were evaluated by reporting bias (median difference between estimated and measured GFR), precision (interquartile range of median bias), accuracy (±2 mL/min of measured GFR) and P30 (percentage estimates within 30% of measured GFR) with confidence intervals (CIs) generated by bootstrapping 2000 replicates. The agreement between BTP-estimated GFR and measured GFR was also plotted graphically on Bland–Altman analysis. Results: The study included 161 PD patients. BTP concentration increased with dialysis vintage and was inversely correlated with measured GFR (r = −0.64). Larger increases in BTP were associated with longer PD vintage and higher dialysate glucose exposure. Biases of BTP-estimated GFRs (Shafi-Eqn and Steubl-Eqn) were 1.2 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI 1.0–1.3 mL/min/1.73 m2) and 0.4 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI 0.2–0.6 mL/min/1.73 m2), respectively. Both BTP-estimated GFRs had poor precision (3.2 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI 2.9–3.5 mL/min/1.73 m2) and 2.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI 2.5–3.2 mL/min/1.73 m2), respectively) and accuracy of estimates (55% (95% CI 52–60%) and 59% (95% CI 55–63%), respectively). The mean difference of BTP-estimated GFR (Shafi-Eqn and Steubl-Eqn) and measured GFR were −1.14 mL/min/1.73 m2 and −0.42 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively, with large limit of agreement on Bland–Altman plot. Conclusions: Serum BTP level was inversely related to RKF but neither BTP-estimated GFR equations were sufficiently accurate for routine use in PD patients.