Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of tillage systems on soil microclimate, growth and yield of cassava (Manihot utilisima) in Midwestern Nigeria

Cassava is the most widely cultivated root crops among traditional farmers in the Midwestern Nigeria. Majority of the traditional farmers employ the zero tillage system. It is unclear if zero tillage is the best practice for optimizing yield? This study investigates the impact of tillage types on soil microclimatic condition, growth and yield of cassava in Midwestern Nigeria. An experimental area that measured 17 by 47 m was established in Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria for two planting seasons 1997/1998 and 1998/1999. The microclimatic parameters monitored include air and soil temperatures and relative humidity while the physiological parameters measured were emergence, growth rate, leaf area accumulation and yield. Time series, multiple correlation, chi-square. , ANOVA and stepwise regression analyses were the statistical tools employed in analysing the data. The results showed that soil moisture at 0 15 cm depth was significantly higher in zero tillage, followed by ridge and mound. The reverse is true with soil temperature. Ridge tillage (9.6 t ha) significantly produced more cassava tubers, followed by mound tillage (7.5 t ha) and zero tillage (5.2 t ha). The conventional ridge tillage method is recommended because it yielded more than the local practice of the zero tillage by 46%.
A rule of thumb: Run lengths to false alarm of many types of control charts run in parallel on dependent streams are asymptotically independent

Consider a process that produces a series of independent identically distributed vectors. A change in an underlying state may become manifest in a modification of one or more of the marginal distributions. Often, the dependence structure between coordinates is unknown, impeding surveillance based on the joint distribution. A popular approach is to construct control charts for each coordinate separately and raise an alarm the first time any (or some) of the control charts signals. The difficulty is obtaining an expression for the overall average run length to false alarm (ARL2FA). We argue that despite the dependence structure, when the process is in control, for large ARLs to false alarm, run lengths of many types of control charts run in parallel are asymptotically independent. Furthermore, often, in-control run lengths are asymptotically exponentially distributed, enabling uncomplicated asymptotic expressions for the ARL2FA.We prove this assertion for certain Cusum and Shiryaev–Roberts-type control charts and illustrate it by simulations.
Board Governance and Firm Performance: A Panel Data Analysis

This study presents the relationship between board governance and firm performance of the Malaysian listed Trading and Services sector by using panel random effects model. The study examines 73 firms for the period of six years from 2005 to 2010. This study also examines the effect of board governance during subprime crisis which occurred in 2007 and 2008. On average, eight directors sat on the board with three independent nonexecutive directors. After controlling the effect of investment opportunities, firm age, leverage and firm size, the result revealed that board size positively influences firm performance. Board independent and foreign board members are insignificant effect on the Trading and Services firms performance. The firm performance also negatively influence by investment opportunity, leverage and firm size. During the crisis period (2007-2008), firm performance negatively affected by board independent. The greater the firm investment opportunity, leverage and firm size, the lower it will be the performance of the firm.
BIROn - Birkbeck Institutional Research Online

Anticipation is increasingly central to urgent contemporary debates, from climate change to the global economic crisis. Anticipatory practices are coming to the forefront of political, organizational, and citizens’ society. Research into anticipation, however, has not kept pace with public demand for insights into anticipatory practices, their risks and uses. Where research exists, it is deeply fragmented. This paper seeks to identify how anticipation is deﬁned and understood in the literature and to explore the role of anticipatory practice to address individual, social, and global challenges. We use a resilience lens to examine these questions. We illustrate how varying forms of anticipatory governance are enhanced by multi-scale regional networks and technologies and by the agency of individuals, drawing from an empirical case study on regional water governance of Ma¨laren, Sweden. Finally, we discuss how an anticipatory approach can inform adaptive institutions, decision making, strategy formation, and societal resilience.
10855 ten Brinke D.indd

© 2017 The Author(s). Published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the Nordic Orthopedic Federation. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) DOI 10.1080/17453674.2017. 1291872 Background and purpose — Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) is an accurate method for measurement of early migration of implants. Since a relation has been shown between early migration and future loosening of total knee and hip prostheses, RSA plays an important role in the development and evaluation of prostheses. However, there have been few RSA studies of the upper limb, and the value of RSA of the upper limb is not yet clear. We therefore performed a systematic review to investigate the accuracy and precision of RSA of the upper limb. Patients and methods — PRISMA guidelines were followed and the protocol for this review was published online at PROSPERO under registration number CRD42016042014. A systematic search of the literature was performed in the databases Embase, Medline, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, Cinahl, and Google Scholar on April 25, 2015 based on the keywords radiostereometric analysis, shoulder prosthesis, elbow prosthesis, wrist prosthesis, trapeziometacarpal joint prosthesis, humerus, ulna, radius, carpus. Articles concerning RSA for the analysis of early migration of prostheses of the upper limb were included. Quality assessment was performed using the MINORS score, Downs and Black checklist, and the ISO RSA Results — 23 studies were included. Precision values were in the 0.06–0.88 mm and 0.05–10.7° range for the shoulder, the 0.05– 0.34 mm and 0.16–0.76° range for the elbow, and the 0.16–1.83 mm and 11–124° range for the TMC joint. Accuracy data from markerand model-based RSA were not reported in the studies included. Interpretation — RSA is a highly precise method for measurement of early migration of orthopedic implants in the upper limb. However, the precision of rotation measurement is poor in some components. Challenges with RSA in the upper limb include the symmetrical shape of prostheses and the limited size of surrounding bone, leading to over-projection of the markers by the prosthesis. We recommend higher adherence to RSA guidelines and encourage investigators to publish long-term follow-up RSA studies.
Effects of intake restriction and realimentation on diet digestion and ruminal fermentation by growing lambs

A total of 15 lambs weighing 41.6±1.34 kg were used in this experiment to determine the effects of intake restriction and realimentation on nutrient digestibility and ruminal fluid characteristics. During the preliminary and first collection periods, lambs were assigned randomly to one of the three treatments, viz. ad libitum intake, 0.90 and 0.80 of ad libitum intake. During the second collection period (realimentation period), all lambs were fed ad libitum. Total tract digestibility of DM, NDF and ADF were not affected by restriction level, whereas digestion of CP increased (P<0.01) for the restricted lambs compared with ad libitum. During restriction, fecal N excretion by the 0.80 ad libitum was lesser (P<0.01) than ad libitum lambs. Urinary N excretion was similar between ad libitum and the restricted fed lambs. Ruminal pH and ammonia N were similar for both restricting intakes at 2h and 4h post feeding compared with ad libitum intake. Total concentration of VFA was lower (P<0.01) for 0.80 ad libitum than for ad libitum at 2 and 4h postfeeding. In realimentation period, no effect was observed in relation to previous feed restriction on pH, ammonia-N and VFA concentrations. The results concluded that a 10 or 20% intake restriction followed by realimentation lead to improvements in ADG and these changes could not be attributed to changes in digestibility or ruminal characteristics.
KEIO/KYOTO JOINT GLOBAL CENTER OF EXCELLENCE PROGRAM Raising Market Quality-Integrated Design of “Market Infrastructure” KEIO/KYOTO GLOBAL COE DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES

This paper develops an overlapping generations model that incorporates two-sector (market and non-market) production, sexual difference, and fertility choice. Our model could explain the joint evolution of production structure, household time allocation, and fertility broadly observed in the 19th and 20th centuries in the Western world as part of a single process of economic development: (i) production has shifted out of households and into the market, (ii) males first increased their labor supply to the market, and then females increased it; married-female participation in wage work outside the home dramatically increased in the latter half of the 20th century, and (iii) there has been the secular decline in fertility over the last 200 years, but there was the temporary rise in the middle of the 20th century (inverted N-shaped fertility dynamics). We also provide the quantitative analysis and examine how well our model replicates the patterns observed in U.S.data. *Masako Kimura: Institute of Economic Research, Kyoto University **Daishin Yasui: Graduate School of Economics, Kyoto University KEIO/KYOTO JOINT GLOBAL COE PROGRAM Raising Market Quality-Integrated Design of “Market Infrastructure” Graduate School of Economics and Graduate School of Business and Commerce, Keio University 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan Institute of Economic Research, Kyoto University Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Production Structure, Household Time Allocation, and Fertility Masako Kimura† and Daishin Yasui‡ †Institute of Economic Research, Kyoto University ‡Graduate School of Economics, Kyoto University
An Elasmosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Turanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Morocco

The subcomplete skeleton of an elasmosaurid plesio­ saur recently acquired by the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural His­ tory in Karlsruhe) is described. The specimen comes from the early Turanian of the Goulmima region, Mo­ rocco, and represents one of the most complete elasmosaurs known in the world. Owing to the present uncertainties about elasmosaurs systematics, it is referred mainly on stratigraphical grounds to a new species of the genus Libonectes. Some of the bones of the holotype (e.g. cervical vertebrae, ulna) show an unusual type of preservation that might indicate an old-age related pathology. Some aspects of elasmo­ saurs anatomy suggest non obligatory feeding upon sea floor invertebrates. Kurzfassung Ein Elasmosaurier (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) aus dem Turon (Oberkreide) von Marocco Das fast vollständige Skelett eines elasmosauriden Plesiosauriers, welches kürzlich vom Staatlichen Mu­ seum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe erworben wurde, wird beschrieben. Das Stück stammt aus dem frühen Turon der Goulmima-Region Marokkos und ist eines der voll­ ständigsten Elamosauridenskelette der Welt. Wegen der gegenwärtigen Unklarheiten in der Elasmosauriersystematik wird das Stück hauptsächlich aus stratigra­ fischen Gründen einer neuen Art der Gattung Libonec­ tes zugeordnet. Einigen Knochen des Holotyps (z.B. Halswirbel, Ulna) zeigen eine ungewöhnliche Art der Erhaltung, welche auf alterspathologische Ursachen hindeutet. Einige Aspekte der Elasmosaurieranatomie legen die Möglichkeit nahe, dass die Tiere gelegentlich Meeresbodeninvertebraten gefressen haben.
Historic Genetic Structuring and Paraphyly Within the Great-Tailed Grackle

The Great-tailed Grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus) and Boat-tailed Grackle (Q. major) are sister species that have expanded their ranges during historical times. This expansion has created an area of sympatry between these species in Texas and Louisiana, and between distinctive Great-tailed Grackle subspecies in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. We investigated the evolutionary histories of both Manuscript received 7 June 2007; accepted 27 January 2008. 3Present address: Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215. E-mail: dacostaj@bu.edu The Condor, Vol. 110, Issue 1, pages 170–177. ISSN 0010-5422, electronic ISSN 1938-5422. c © 2008 by The Cooper Ornithological Society. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press’s Rights and Permissions website, http://www.ucpressjournals. com/reprintInfo.asp. DOI: 10.1525/cond.2008. 110.1. 170. species using mitochondrial DNA sequence data and modern phylogenetic methods. Our results reveal genetic structure within Great-tailed, but not Boat-tailed Grackles. Great-tailed Grackles are separated into two clades, but range expansion in the north has led to secondary contact between them. Boat-tailed Grackles are monophyletic and are embedded within the Great-tailed Grackle assemblage, rendering the latter paraphyletic. These results reveal a complex phylogeographic pattern caused by recent range expansion and secondary contact of once allopatric units.
Inhibitory Effects on Bone Resorption and osteoblast proliferation of Kyungok-go

Objectives : Kyungok-go(KOG), the first herbal formulation of donguibogam, has been used for treating of many symptoms of yin deficiency. In this study, we examined the effect of KOG on bone resorption. Methods : We determined the effects of water extract of KOG in RANKL(Receptor Activator for Nuclear Factor Ligand)-induced osteoclast differentiation culture system and osteoblast proliferation. In addition, we determined the effects of water extract of ABR on LPS-induced bone-loss with mice. Results : Water extract of KOG showed proliferation effect on osteoblast without cytotoxicity and no effect on RANKL-treated osteoclast differentiation. KOG rescued bone erosion by LPS induction in vivo study. Conclusions : These results demonstrated that KOG can be a useful remedy for treating of bone-loss disease such as osteoporosis.
Outcrossing, hybridization, pollen quantity, and the evolution of deceptive pollination in Dactylorhiza incarnata

We conducted two hand-pollination experiments in the nectarless orchid Dactylorhiza incarnata to test two hypotheses explaining the evolution of deceptive pollination in orchids. In the fi rst experiment testing the “outcrossing” hypothesis, we pollinated fl owers with pollinia from different crossing distances, and with interspecifi c pollinia (Dactylorhiza maculata). In the second experiment testing the “pollinia” hypothesis, we used only conspecifi c pollinia, but varied the number of pollinia received per stigma. Pollen source (self-pollination, cross-pollination within population, crosspollination between populations, and interspesifi c pollination) did not affect female reproductive success of fl owers. Increase in the number of pollinia received per stigma had a positive effect on reproductive success. Thus, a plant could benefi t from repeated pollinator visits. Our results suggest that pollinator visitation rates may be more important for reproductive success than the pollinia source, and that neither the “outcrossing” nor the “pollinia” hypothesis was clearly supported.
Top–Down Modulation on the Perception and Categorization of Identical Pitch Contours in Speech and Music

Whether pitch in language and music is governed by domain-specific or domain-general cognitive mechanisms is contentiously debated. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether mechanisms governing pitch contour perception operate differently when pitch information is interpreted as either speech or music. By modulating listening mode, this study aspired to demonstrate that pitch contour perception relies on domain-specific cognitive mechanisms, which are regulated by top–down influences from language and music. Three groups of participants (Mandarin speakers, Dutch speaking non-musicians, and Dutch musicians) were exposed to identical pitch contours, and tested on their ability to identify these contours in a language and musical context. Stimuli consisted of disyllabic words spoken in Mandarin, and melodic tonal analogs, embedded in a linguistic and melodic carrier phrase, respectively. Participants classified identical pitch contours as significantly different depending on listening mode. Top–down influences from language appeared to alter the perception of pitch contour in speakers of Mandarin. This was not the case for non-musician speakers of Dutch. Moreover, this effect was lacking in Dutch speaking musicians. The classification patterns of pitch contours in language and music seem to suggest that domain-specific categorization is modulated by top–down influences from language and music.
Ensemble-Learning for Sustainable NLP

Large NLP models result in higher accuracy scores but are more resource intensive on tasks such as QA, incurring a signiﬁcant environmental cost [1]. The question we are addressing is the "Why a task such as QA requires such resource intensive deployment". In order to minimize inference costs while maximizing accuracy at inference time, we develop classiﬁer models that can inform whether we could invoke a small model instead of a big one to answer questions. We found that a small QA model has the potential to answer questions with accuracy comparable to a BERT-based model in approximately 4 in every 5 questions. We ﬁnd that a rule based ensemble can improve the F1 by over 25% and save 58% of the resources used. We also ﬁnd that a neural ensemble that is used to predict whether a small model can answer a question correctly covers 50% of the gap between a small model and a big model. Our research recommends the development of NLP classiﬁers to ﬁnd more energy efﬁcient deep learning implementations.
Feed resources for rearing livestock in the Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh

A survey of 120 samples in the Bundclkhand region of Uttar Pradesh conducted during 1996-97 revealed that crop residues constituted the major feed resources for the domesticated livestock population. Berseem as green fodder and wheat and peas straw (dry fodder) constituted over 41 %,40% and 13%, respectively, of total livestock feed availability from the cultivated sources during raM Sorghum (green) contributed about 58% of total kharif availability of livestock feed from cultivated sources followed by crop residues of soybean (21.63%) and black gram (16.68%). More than 88% of annual availabIlity of dry fodder and 86% of green fodder was obtai ned during rabi season itself. Anna pratha - system of leaving the livestock free for grazing was commonly practiced during lean scasons as also during rainy season. Soaked oil-cukes and concentrates mixed with dry fodder (wheat and peas straw) were also offered to the milch animals during the periods of green fodder scarcity.
Finding Similar Examples for Aiding Academic Writing using Sentence Embeddings

Non-native speakers of English always face problems to compose an article in English. This problem becomes more severe when coming to scientific or academic writing. One way of learning writing scientific articles is to refer to previous published papers. Most of the time, the articles in the same field tend to use similar expressions, vocabularies and writing style. For example, previous published articles in ACL Anthology Reference Corpus (ACL-ARC) 1 could be used as a reference for writing an article in natural language processing (NLP) field, and PubMed articles can be referred in life science and biomedical field. For a non-native speaker, one may produce a simple sentence such as below. Our experiment results are better than baseline. However, in previous articles, someone has written some similar sentences like:
INFLUENCE OF EXTRACTING SOLVENTS ON ITS ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF BAWANG

Bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia L. Merr) is an in digenous plant in Borneo, Indonesia, traditionally u sed by Dayak tribes to treat degenerative diseases such as diabetes mellitus and cancer. In this study, 2. 5 gram of sample powdered was extracted using 100 ml of deionized water , methanol in various concentrations (30%, 50%, 70% , 90%, and 100% v/v), absolute ethanol, acetone, and ethyl ace t te at 40oC for 6 h. The antioxidant activity, tota l phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the freezedried E. palmifolia extracts were investigated using various in vitro assays. The extract obtained by 70 % methanol in deionized water showed the strongest a ntioxidant activity (IC50 39.06±2.33 μg/mL) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-pic rylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, while abso lute acetone extract showed the weakest antioxidant activity (IC50 235.90±2.12 μg/mL). Aqueous methanol (70% methanol) also was most effective in extracting polyphenol (phenolic c ontent of 20.05±0.06 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of dry sample weight and flavonoid content of 15.03±0.11 mg quercetin eq uivalent/g of dry sample weight), while absolute etha nol, acetone, ethyl acetate and water were less effective in extra cting polyphenol. The highest extraction yield was o btained by using water (21.40±0.04 %). These results suggest that E. p almifolia is a potential source of natural antioxid ant for food and dietary applications with a potential to reduce oxid ative stress.
ABC Optimizer: Afﬁnity Based Code Layout Optimization

Modern software often has a large amount code and a dynamic execution pattern. Examples include inter-preters and libraries for dynamic languages such as Python and Perl. It is interesting and important to study techniques to optimize code layout for interpreters and other large applications. This paper presents a new technique for afﬁnity based code layout optimization. By analyzing the reference trace of an interpreter, afﬁnity optimization ﬁnds program functions that have afﬁnity, i.e. often used together, and recognizes the code layout to group these functions together in memory. Algorithmically, the new technique is more general and efﬁcient. The paper evaluates it by optimizing the Python interpreter and 5 programs from SPEC2006. Experiments show performance improvements on modern processors, sometimes in double digit percentages. The research is supported by the National Science Foundation (Contract No. CNS-1319617, CCF-1116104, CCF-0963759), IBM CAS Faculty Fellowship and a grant from Huawei. Any opinions, fndings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reﬂect the views of the funding organizations.