Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The stability of aggregates and organic carbon content after the application of gypsum, soil scarification and a succession of agricultural crops

Studies related to the monitoring of soil quality by physical attributes are important for the evaluation and maintenance of the sustainability of agricultural systems, besides indicating the appropriate management of the environment, aiming at its conservation and productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of aggregates and organic carbon after the application of gypsum, soil scarification and a succession of crops. The treatments consisted of an absence and addition of gypsum, absence and presence of soil scarification, and three systems of crops in succession. The experimental design was made of randomized blocks, in a 2x2x4 factorial scheme, with eight replications. The aggregates were evaluated as stabled in water and soil organic carbon content. The treatment where gypsum was applied, as well as the soybean/maize/brachiaria/fallow (SMBF) succession system, presented better results in soil aggregation and higher levels of organic carbon.
Could Organic Pesticides Be a Good Alternative to Synthetics in Controlling Aphids and Leafhoppers in Tomato Fields?

We aimed in this investigation to prove that organic pesticides (neem oil and a mixture of cottonseed and sunflower oil) can replace synthetics (malathion) in controlling aphids and leafhoppers attacking tomato under field conditions. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design, during two successive seasons; 2018 and 2019 in a total area of 0.5 ha. Both yellow sticky traps and plant sampling methods were used. Data analyses revealed that the mixture of cotton and sunflower oil gave the highest control levels of both leafhoppers and aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Leafhoppers were much more susceptible to all the applied compounds than aphids. Oil mixture proved to be either higher or equal to malathion in its efficiency. Neem oil was less efficient on both pests than malathion. Effectiveness of all tested compounds highly decreased after 14days post treatment. The highest control levels of both pests occurred after three consecutive treatments. Accordingly, cottonseed oil mixed with sunflower oil is very promising in controlling those two pests and can replace malathion in IPM programs in tomato fields in Egypt, taking into consideration repeating the application for three consecutive times with maximum one week between sprayings. Thus, the answer to the study title according to our research is “yes they could” provided that farmers’ awareness is raised concerning shifting towards those organic compounds and training them on using such safe, eco-friendly and cost effective natural products is taking into consideration to achieve agricultural sustainability.
PENGARUH E-SERVICE QUALITY TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN MELALUI E-TRUST SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI (Studi pada Pengguna Situs BukaLapak di Kota Semarang )

The rapid development of technology makes business competition in the e-commerce increasingly stringent. Consumer purchasing decision making is influenced by several factors, one of which is psychological factors (service quality and trust). BukaLapak is one of the Indonesian companies engaged in e-commerce. The problem with this research is the large number of newcomers that causes consumers to compare e-service quality and e-trust in BukaLapak with other e-commerce. This study aims to study the effect of service quality on purchasing decisions through trust in sites in Semarang. This type of research used is descriptive method with quantitative research. The population of this research is Semarang City residents who use BukaLapak site, taken as a sample of 100 people. The technique of collecting data using online and offline questionnaires, documents, and literature studies. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling. The analysis technique used is conversion analysis, simple regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, coefficient of determination test, t test, f test, normality test, and sobel test with the help of the IBM SPSS program (Product Solutions and Statistical Services) version 21.0. Based on the results of the analysis can conclude a positive and significant effect between e-service quality and trust in purchasing decisions, as well as trust variables can mediate between service quality variables on purchase outcomes. While the suggestion for BukaLapak is the repair feature that will be used on the site, and site enhancements to improve BukaLapak site access.
The comparison of several colour indices for the photographic recording of canopy phenology of Fagus crenata Blume in eastern Japan

Background: To understand how forests and woodland respond to global climate change, phenological observations are being made at a number of sites worldwide. Recently, digital cameras have been deployed as part of the existing network of ecosystem CO2 flux towers to provide a time-series of canopy images, and various numerical indices have so far been used by different authors. Aims: To identify which are the most effective colour indices to calculate from the signals extracted from digital cameras, in order to provide recommendations to the scientific community. Methods: Sample images of a Japanese beech (Fagus crenata) forest on Mt. Tsukuba (Japan) were used to define and calculate 12 colour signals and vegetation indices. Results: Although the strength of green signal and green excess index were reliable indicators for estimating foliage growth period, the indices were susceptible to low-visibility weather conditions and distance from the camera. Hue provided a robust metric, showing much less scatter during the vegetative period and a good indication of spring bud break. The bud break dates derived from the indices were slightly earlier than those assessed by visual observation, while the abscission dates were later. Conclusions: We propose that of all the candidate colour indices, hue is the most promising for the detection of bud break as it was least affected by atmospheric conditions.
Sister‐group relationships of the Platygastroidea and Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) — an alternate hypothesis to Rasnitsyn (1988)

Evidence for the hypothesis that Platygastroidea and (Chalcidoidea + Mymarommatoidea) are sister groups is reviewed and an alternate hypothesis of relationships is proposed for Platygastroidea. Platygastroidea is postulated to form a monophyletic group with Pelecinidae, Proctotrupoidea and Vanhorniidae based on common possession of an annular pronotum and a mesopleural‐mesotrochanteral muscle. Hypotheses of character‐state transformation are illustrated diagrammatically to explain distribution of the mesotrochanteral depressor muscle and relative structure of the pronotum, mesothoracic spiracle, prepectus, and pronotal‐mesepisternal attachment throughout the nonaculeate Apocrita. The states of 16 characters are defined in one table and another table summarises the distribution of the states in Orussidae and Apocrita. Retention of an independent prepectus and a mesotergal‐mesotrochanteral depressor muscle indicates that Chalcidoidea + Mymarommatoidea are a relatively early clade of Apocrita but does not indicate exact relationships. Chalcidoidea + Mymarommatoidea are indicated as possibly being more closely related to Diapriidae or Ceraphronoidea based on other characters. It is postulated that structure of the mesocoxal articulation of taxa assigned to the Evaniomorpha may represent a retained symplesiomorphy rather than a synapomorphy. Mesocoxal articulatory structure is illustrated by scanning electron photomicrographs.
Directors' Perceptions of Board Effectiveness and Internal Operations

We contribute to the growing literature on the effectiveness of corporate boards by examining the effect of two insights that have been largely unexplored in prior studies that use public data. First, since boards’ responsibilities are wide-ranging, more holistic performance measures may better capture the full range of their duties than specific public actions and outcomes (e.g., disclosure of risk management processes, financial restatements, acquisition returns, CEO turnover). And second, because corporate boards share many characteristics of other types of teams, their effectiveness is likely to be influenced by their internal operations. To examine the performance effects of these insights, we use data from 577 directors of U.S. public firms that responded to a survey we conducted in 2015–2016 and qualitative data from interviews of 75 directors. Our study establishes a strong relation between director perceptions of board performance effectiveness and internal board operations. Further, by highlighting the critical role of internal operations, identifying areas of relative strength and weakness in boards’ effectiveness in various activities, and probing director perceptions of their primary responsibilities, we are able to offer concrete suggestions for future research on board effectiveness. This paper was accepted by Shiva Rajgopal, accounting.
Action Spectrum for Inhibition of Stem Growth in Dark-Grown Seedlings of Albino and Nonalbino Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

1. Growth in length of the second internode of dark-grown barley seedlings can be inhibited by a relatively small amount of radiant energy given at one or more times. 2. Both potentially green and albino seedlings of barley were sensitive to radiation, and in the variety Colsess I, which was studied in detail, they were approximately equal in sensitivity. 3. The action spectra for control of growth of the second internode of dark-grown potentially green and albino Colsess I barley seedlings were quantitatively determined but with somewhat less precision for the albino than for the potentially green seedlings. 4. The two action spectra were the same within the limits of error as those previously found for control of leaf length in dark-grown pea seedlings and for control of floral induction in both long- and short-day plants. This indicated that the phenomena depended upon the same initial photoreaction. 5. More than a thousand-fold change in energy is required to pass from a small to a large inhibition of the second-internode length of barley, but, in the case of floral initiation, this same order of change is brought about by less than a tenfold change in energy. 6. The effective pigment absorbed less than one part in one hundred thousand of the radiation incident on an albino barley seedling even in the region of its maximum absorption in the red portion of the spectrum.
Locomotor patterns and costs as related to body size and form in teiid lizards

Stride parameters and gaits were examined in seven species of teiid lizards in an attempt to understand size-dependent variation of locomotor patterns. Scaling of body dimensions to body mass revealed that axial measures conformed to geometric similarity, whereas the limb segments exhibited an allometry which was statistically significantly less than geometric similarity. Variations in the relationships between stride lengths, stride frequencies and duty factors (% of the stride that foot contacts ground) represented locomotor specializations and were not strictly size-dependent among species. At body length equivalent velocities, stride length and stride frequency scaled to body mass0.40±0.06 and 0.09±0.03, respectively. Cost during locomotion at body length equivalent velocities could be estimated by the square of the product of stride length and stride frequency. Plotting the cost during locomotion for geometrically similar lizards against body mass yielded an estimate of the cost during locomotion that was proportional to mass0.62±0.11. An estimate of the mass-specific cost during locomotion at body length-equivalent velocities scales to mass−0.38±0.11. Because the limbs of these lizards exhibit an allometry less than geometric similarity, a correction of the estimate of the mass-specific cost during locomotion could be obtained by factoring in the effect of increased locomotor costs associated with relatively shorter pelvic limbs in larger lizards. The allometrically corrected estimate of the mass-specific cost during locomotion was proportional to mass−0.31. This estimated regression, which is the relatiue cost of transport for a single, morphologically conservative family of lizards, predicts a slope quite close to that derived from studies of oxygen requirements during locomotion in lizards of several families (slope= -0.28, John-Alder, Garland & Bennett, 1986) and in mammals (slope= -0.32, Taylor, Heglund & Maloiy, 1982).
Analysis of local livelihoods around Moukalaba-Doudou National Park in Gabon

It is important for the development of conservation projects to establish collaborative relationships with local populations, and for that, a detailed understanding of local lifestyles is required. In particular, basic information on local people’s natural resource utilization is essential. In this article, the authors analyzed livelihoods in Moukalaba-Doudou National Park (MDNP), southwestern Gabon based on quantitative data obtained from long-term field research. It was shown that people inhabiting the area around the MDNP depend heavily on natural resources for their livelihoods and they produced sufficient food within the region. However, it was also shown that the variety of food items was poor compared with other protected area in Africa and the nutritional status is presumed to have been inadequate. When compared with the data before the establishment of the National Park in 2002, consumption of bush meat decreased remarkably whereas that of fish only slightly increased after ten years. It is supposed that the people around the MDNP have converted their lifestyles flexibly to coexist with the conservation projects in a part, but it is also the fact that conservation practices threaten local livelihoods to some extent.
Crescimento inicial e nutrição de cedro (Cedrela fissilis Vell.) em função de doses de nitrogênio

We aimed to evaluate the effects of nitrogen rates in early growth, SPAD index, content and accumulation of nutrients in cedar seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a plastic greenhouse and the seedlings were grown in plastic pots filled with 20 dm -3 of Rhodic Hapludox, arranged inrandomized blocks with four replications. Rates of 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 mg dm -3 N were tested. Fertilization up to 160 mg dm -3 N promoted increases in SPAD index and early growth of plants, beyond greater absorption of N,P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. Overall, lower N rates limited growth but not the absorption of nutrients by cedar plants. In leaves, the only nutrien taffected was the B which their content was reduced with increasing of N rate. Increased of nitrogen fertilization changed the Cu distributionin plants, since increased Cu content in roots and reduced their content in stem. Higher N rates promoted higher accumulation of all nutrients due to the increase of dry matter. Nitrogen fertilization changed the dynamic of nutrient absorption in cedar. With 160 mg dm -3 N, the amount absorbed followed the or der: N>S>Ca>K>Mg>P>Fe>Mn>B>
Immunologic cytokine expression in human keratinocytes after exposure to sulfur mustard

Human keratinocytes (HK) participate in immunologic events influencing the behavior of resident cells and inflammatory cells in skin. It is clear that cytokines, immunologically active protein molecules that bind to specific receptors on target cells, are produced by keratinocytes. Specifically, keratinocytes have recently been recognized to exhibit the capacity to release interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which influence the growth, function, and differentiation of dermal and epidermal cells. Since HK have been demonstrated to be a potent source of various ILs, we investigated the effect of bis-(2-chloroethyl)sulfide [sulfur mustard, HD] in saline upon the expression of these cytokines. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, we found that after a 3-h exposure to 1 mM HD, adult and neonatal normal HK cell cultures show a significant decrease in the expression of all cytokines listed previously, with the exception of TNF-α in adult HK, which is only slightly decreased. These results indicate that IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels in HK cell cultures 3 h after HD exposure may provide a means for measuring the immunologic response.
Effect of rootstock on nutrient content of 'cabernet sauvignon' grapevine tissues

Grapevine mineral nutrition is an important factor influencing wine quality. For this, the effect of rootstocks on the nutrient content in different tissues of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in the Serra Gaucha region was evaluated. The experiment was carried out during the 2004/2005 vegetative cycle with the rootstocks Rupestris du Lot, 101-14, 3309, 420A, Kober 5BB, 161-49, SO4, and Paulsen 1103. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with eight treatments, three replicates, four plants/plot. leaves - petioles were separated from the limbs -, clusters - berries were separated from the rachis -, and shoots were collected, dried in an oven, and weighted. N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were analyzed. Results show that there was a significant effect of the rootstock on the contents of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in limb, petiole, rachis and berry of the 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapevine. This effect varied as a function of the analyzed nutrient and tissue. But there was not a significant effect on the nutrients present in the shoot. Besides this, nutrient content varied according to the kind of tissue analyzed. In this way, contents of N and Ca were higher in limb; contents of P and K, in rachis; and contents of Mg, in petiole.
Inclusion of crude corn oil with high acidity in the feed of laying hens: analysis of egs production and quality

The objective of this study was to evaluate egg production and quality after including crude corn oil with high acidity (CCOHA) in the feed of laying hens. The design was completely randomized to three treatments and six replicates each. The sample included 90 hens of the Lohmann LSL lineage, housed in cages; each cage contained five animals and constituted an experimental unit. The evaluated feeds were cornbased feed with degummed soybean oil (CSO), corn-based feed with CCOHA (CC) and sorghum-based feed with CCOHA (SC). At the end of the 28-day cycle, the following productivity parameters were evaluated: egg weight at laying (EWL), laying percentage (LP), feed conversion per dozen eggs (FCDZ) and feed conversion per egg mass (FCEM). The evaluated internal and external quality parameters of the eggs were yolk percentage (YP), yolk index (YI), and yolk pH (YpH); albumen percentage (AP), albumen index (AI), and albumen pH (ApH); percentage shell (PS) and shell surface area (SSA); Haugh unit (HU) and egg yolk color (EYC). There were no significant differences in EW, LP, FCDZ, and FCEM between the experimental feeds. Moreover, the use of crude corn oil with high acidity in laying hens rations did not influence the parameters of YP, YI, YpH, AP, AI, ApH, PS, SSA, HU, and EYC.
Reliability of an isometric test for measuring the strength of the hip abductors and adductors

This study aimed to measure the reliability of a test for measuring the strength and strength imbalance of the hip abductors and adductors, using isokinetic equipment adapted for isometric testing. Thirteen healthy, physically active male individuals took part in the research. Two unilateral isometric tests were undertaken using a load cell attached to an adapted abductor bench machine: a hip abduction test and hip adduction test. Tests consisted of two maximum voluntary isometric contractions made for six seconds with a break of one minute between each. The following dynamic variables were measured: maximum force, mean force, rate of force development for each limb (right and left), and the existence of asymmetries between the limbs. For statistical analysis, the t-test, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and standard error of measurement (SEM) were applied. Results: The methodology utilized for the evaluation of the hip abductors and adductors did not show reliability in most of the parameters researched, with the ICC neither sufficient or low, and the retest performance higher than the test (p < 0.05). The applied test was not reliable for assessing strength and strength imbalances of hip abductors and adductors in most of the parameters investigated. These results indicate that the hip joints, more precisely, the abductor and adductor muscles, are complex structures to be assessed. They need to be previously familiarized with the proposed exercise, as their performance does not occur habitually. It is recommended to develop new tests in order to measure hip abduction and adduction strength adding a prior familiarization procedure.
Estimation the Radionuclides concentrations, Risk indicators and annual doses in soils of residential and agricultural regions in Kirkuk city

radio nuclides, Risk indicators and annual doses in selected soils samples for the residential and agriculture areas in Kirkuk governorate by using the spectroscopy technique of high-purity germanium detector where 10 soil samples were collected at depth of 20 cm. The present study shows that radioactivity results for the isotopes were as the following: Radium 226 Ra, Actinium 228 Ac and potassium 40 K are (27.6±4.1-43.3±5.4 Bq.kg -1 ) with average value (32.86±4.95 Bq.kg -1 ) and (12.4±0.8-28.12±4.2 Bq.kg -
PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. SUPER SETIA SAGITA MEDAN

Untuk tercapainya keberlangsungan hidup perusahaan maka perlu seorang pimpinan perusahaan dalam memperhatikan kinerja karyawan, hal ini berguna untuk memastikan sejauh mana karyawan dapat menguasai dan memahami tugas yang diberikan kepada karyawan tersebut sehingga dapat menghasilkan keefektivan dan keefesienan dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugas diperusahaan, begitu juga kepada karyawan PT. SuperSetia Sagita Medan. Perusahaan PT. Super Setia Sagita Medan adalah merupakan perusahaan swasta yang bergerak di bidang ritel yang memiliki kinerja yang bagus, namun pada bulan Oktober 2018 dan Maret 2019, kinerja karyawan mengalami penurunan. Salah satu faktor penyebab karyawan PT. Super Setia Sagita Medan mengalami penurunan adalah diakibatkan oleh faktor lingkungan kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Super Setia Sagita Medan. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana meningkatkan kinerja karyawan dengan mempertimbangkan lingkungan kerja di dalam perusahaan. Teori yang digunakan adalah manajemen sumber daya manusia yang berkaitan dengan lingkungan kerja dan kinerja karyawan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei, jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dan sifat penelitian ini adalah ekplanatory research (penjelasan). Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 52 orang, dengan menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh dimana semua populasi dijadikan sampel. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier sederhana dengan menggunakan software SPSS. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan secara parsial bahwa lingkungan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Kata Kunci: Lingkungan Kerja dan Kinerja Karyawan