Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of New N,N-Bis(diphenylphosphino)naphthylamine Chalcogenides: X-Ray Structure of C10H7-1-N{P(S)Ph2}2

The reaction of 1-naphthylamine with two equivalents of chlorodiphenylphosphine in the presence of triethylamine gave the C10H7-1-N(PPh2)2 (1) ligand, which reacts with aqueous H2O2, elemental sulfur and gray selenium in toluene (1:2 molar ratio) to form the corresponding new chalcogenides C10H7-1-N{P(O)Ph2}2 (2), C10H7-1-N{P(S)Ph2}2 (3), and C10H7-1-N{P(Se)Ph2}2 (4). Compounds 2–4 were identified and characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, 31P NMR) and elemental analysis. Crystal structure determination of 3 was carried out.
Microbial abundance and some of their physiological activities in soil organic horizon of pine forest affected by insect herbivory

A phytophagous insect outbreak affects the ecosystem of a pine forest. In this study we present evidence that invertebrate activity affects not only trees, but also the soil microbial community in pine forest soil. Numbers of actinobacteria and fungi increased significantly due to bigger supply of easily degradable organic matter in litterfall. High rates of respiration in soils of the affected forest sites have also been noted. However, high respiration intensities were observed for no longer than a year after herbivory outbreak. Moreover, herbivory did not cause major, long-term disruptions of nitrogen mineralization processes in the studied pine forest soil.
Institutions and Participation in Global Value Chains

Value chains break up the production process into different stages that globally distributed. In general, activities that are more skill, capital, and technology intensive take place in advanced economies while the less-skilled, more labor-intensive activities move to developing countries to benefit from lower wages there. However, participation in global value chains (GVCs) is quite unbalanced in the developing world. The ones deeply involving in value chains are mostly in East and Southeast Asia, whereas there are few in South Asia or Africa. Furthermore, within large countries such as China there are also great variations in the extent to which different locations participate in global value chains. This paper examines this variation and attempts to explain it in terms of national level institutions as well as local investment climates. Cross country analysis shows that variations in national institutions, such as the rule of law, political stability play important roles in determining the involvement in GVCs. Firm level evidences of China suggest that the quality of local institutions is positively linked to firms’ decision on participation in
Phenotypic Correlation between Some Morphological Characteristics of Eggs in Basic Turkey Lines at the Age of 32 Weeks

The study was performed in 2004 in the selection farm of the Hybrid Centre of Poultry Breeding at the Agricultural Institute, Stara Zagora. Eggs from turkeys from the following lines were investigated: Super Heavy (SH), Meat Heavy (MH), Layer heavy (LH), Layer Light (LL), North Caucasian Bronze (NCB) as well as the parental UK line BIG-6. The correlation coefficients and their statistical significance were determined for the relationships among the following traits: egg weight to yolk and shell weights, egg weight to shape, albumen and yolk indices; shell weight to yolk weight, shape, albumen and yolk indices; shape index to yolk weight, yolk index to albumen index; albumen index to yolk weight and yolk index; yolk weight to yolk index. The observed correlations between the egg weight and yolk weight in hens from the LL, MH and SH lines were positive and statistically significant (r= 0.83, r=0.78 and r=0.68 respectively). The egg weight exhibited the same relationship to shell weight in LH (r=0.84), MH (r=0.83) and the LL (r=0.68) lines (P<0.001). The augmentation of the shape index, the albumen index and yolk index did not result in increased egg weight. The observed correlation coefficients were negative and negligible (P<0.05). The increased yolk weight would result in higher shell weight in hens from the MH (r=0.70), the LL (r=0.66) (P<0.001) and the LH (r=0.47) lines (P<0.01). There was not a correlation between yolk weight and the yolk index in turkeys at the age of 32 weeks that suggested the performance of independent selection for these traits.
Linear Models are Robust Optimal Under Strategic Behavior

There is an ubiquitous use of algorithms to inform decisions nowadays, from student evaluations, college admissions, to credit scoring. These decisions are made by applying a decision rule to individual’s observed features. Given the impacts of these decisions on individuals, decision makers are increasingly required to be transparent on their decision making to offer the “right to explanation. ” Meanwhile, being transparent also invites potential manipulations, also known as gaming, that individuals can utilize the knowledge to strategically alter their features in order to receive a more beneficial decision. In this work, we study the problem of robust decision-making under strategic behavior. Prior works often assume that the decision maker has full knowledge of individuals’ cost structure for manipulations. We study the robust variant that relaxes this assumption: The decision maker does not have full knowledge but knows only a subset of the individuals’ available actions and associated costs. To approach this non-quantifiable uncertainty, we define robustness based on the worst-case guarantee of a decision, over all possible actions (including actions unknown to the decision maker) individuals might take. A decision rule is called robust optimal if its worst case performance is (weakly) better than that of all other decision rules. Our main contributions are two-fold. First, we provide a crisp characterization of the above robust optimality: For any decision rules under mild conditions that are robust optimal, there exists a linear decision rule that is equally robust opProceedings of the 24 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS) 2021, San Diego, California, USA. PMLR: Volume 130. Copyright 2021 by the author(s). timal. Second, we explore the computational problem of searching for the robust optimal decision rule and demonstrate its connection to distributionally robust optimization. We believe our results promote the use of simple linear decisions with uncertain individual manipulations.
TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH TUM Data Innovation Lab Uncertainty Estimation for Deep Medical Image Segmentation

Predictive uncertainty estimation on medical image segmentation tasks can provide risk analysis in particular when applying deep learning methods for segmentation and is a new and exciting branch of research. In medical image segmentation, an automatic process of semantic segmentation on Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images (B-scans) of the retina detects fluids representing different retinal diseases and thus can help to facilitate prognosis. Currently, modern machine learning methods including deep learning have achieved state-of-the-art performance on semantic segmentation tasks. Specifically, U-Net-based neural networks have dominated medical image segmentation, and have been successfully applied on the OCT image segmentation challenge RETOUCH, which aims at segmenting and detecting three fluid types in retinal regions of human eyes. Although benchmark segmentation results have been established on the challenge, a credible estimation of the uncertainty of the segmentation due to the input-output black-box characteristic of U-Net is still missing. Therefore, we present a range of uncertainty estimation methods on the RETOUCH segmentation task to obtain a reliable estimation of both epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties and then evaluate the quality of this estimation using calibration metrics to compare the quality of these methods.
FLOWER POWER? THE PLANT MICROBIOME AND HUMAN HEALTH ISSUES

The microbiome is crucial for plant growth and health. Recent studies reveal an unexpected microbial diversity and abundance associated with plants. Plant genotype, soil type, climate, geography as well as pest and pathogens were identified as main drivers of the plant microbiota. The plant-associated microbial diversity seems to be impressive but their dimension is not yet understood. During evolution, microbiomes have secretly co-evolved with their host plants. On the other side, within millennia of domestication, crops underwent traceably many different adaptive trends, allowing rapid speciation and divergence that lead to phenotypic and genotypic distinction to their wild ancestors. Together, domestication and intensive agricultural management shifted the crop microbiota. This resulted in diversity loss, which has consequences for human and one health issues. The plant microbiome, which is on one hand specifically adapted to the diverse microhabitats of plants – from the seed to the flower – is on the other hand connected to the whole biosphere. First insights reveal inter-connected microbiomes of plants, e.g. with the built environment, food and humans. These connections need to be better understand for sustainable agriculture as well as plant, human and environmental health and functioning.
DNA methylation for cervical cancer screening: A validation trial in China

Background Based on published results from a training set, EPB41L3 and JAM3 gene methylation status had favorite results compared with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing. This validation trial evaluated the DNA methylation status and genotyping of hrHPV in unselected patients with gynecologic diseases.Methods This study enrolled all patients in the study center from June 1, 2019 to September 1, 2019. Liquid-based samples were collected from cervical swabs for methylation assays and hrHPV testing one day before surgery. The primary endpoint was the diagnostic accuracies of DNA methylation and hrHPV genotyping for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or more severe lesions (CIN2+). Results In total, 307 patients were included in the final analysis, with a median age of 46 years. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the methylation assay for CIN2+ were 68.7%, 96.7%, 0.933 and 0.712, respectively, and the methylation assay achieved similar diagnostic accuracies to those in the training set and to hrHPV testing. Even in patients with negative hrHPV results, DNA methylation was significantly able to identify CIN2+ (odds ratio 39.857, 95% confidence interval 7.137-222.577). The methylation assay was sensitive for CIN2/3 and cervical squamous cell carcinoma without residual lesions and was not positive in this context.Conclusion For the diagnosis of cervical adenocarcinoma, methylation assessment, hrHPV testing and their combination had favorable results in all subtypes.
Predator–prey interaction in the Permian of the Orobic Basin (North Italy). Behavioural consequences

Predator–prey interactions shown by ichnofossils are not very frequent and the interpretation of so–called ‘terminated trackways’ can represent a good opportunity of study. Especially the behavioural tendency of some vertebrates can be confirmed. In the Lower Permian of the Valtellina area (Orobic Basin, Southalpine, North Italy) a very peculiar development of arthropod walking–trails (Dendroidichnites elegans Demathieu, Gand & Toutin–Morin, 1992 and cfr. Heteropodichnus variabilis Walter, 1983) and the presence in suspicious position of Dromopus sp. footprints, should testify a possible predation attempt from the vertebrate maker on the formers. Thus, during the Lower Permian it should be also documented that the partial predator role in the Southalpine, was occupied just by the araeoscelid trackmaker of the Dromopus. Inside the trophic pyramid, probably with the Varanopus and Camunipes ones, Dromopus’s maker occupied the opportunist consumer role. Amphisauropus latus Haubold, 1971 and A. imminutus Haubold, 1971 makers played the primary consumer role, while a true carnivore is missing.
Characterization of Potassium-Selective Optode Membranes Based on Neutral Ionophores and Application in Human Blood Plasma

Plasticized PVC membranes incorporating conventional potassium-selective neutral ionophores and a neutral H^+-selective chromoionophore have been used as reversible sensing devices for an optical determination of K^+ activities in pH-buffered solutions. Dynamic range, reproducibility, response time, and selectivity of the new optode membranes are discussed. With this potassium-selective membrane, the reversible optical determination of total K^+ concentration in human blood plasma is available. Results are compared to measurements with ion selective electrodes and flame photometry.
Floating as a Means to Investigate Scope

This article investigates the so-called isomorphism effect (Musolino 1998; Musolino, Crain & Thornton 2000) in the comprehension of scopally ambiguous sentences containing negation and floating quantifiers. Given that floating quantifiers can appear in up to three surface positions relative to negation, I propose that they provide us with the ideal methodological tool to test for scope ambiguity resolution while holding constant various factors, including: (i) the associated noun phrase, and thereby the relevant thematic roles in the test stories; (ii) the syntactic position of the associated noun phrase, and thereby the relevant interpretive mechanism for achieving either a wide or narrow scope construal; (iii) the discourse contexts in which the test sentences are presented. Using a truth value judgment task, I show that both 4-year-olds and adults display isomorphic preferences in their interpretation of ambiguous sentences containing the floating quantifier all, no matter its surface position. In the case of both, children and adults display a preference for isomorphism only when both precedes negation. Crucially, for both quantifiers, children and adults display the same interpretive preferences, lending further support to the general view that children and adults do not differ in their grammatical representations of such scopally ambiguous sentences (Musolino & Lidz 2003, 2006; Gualmini 2004; Conroy, Lidz & Musolino 2009).
Global Value Chains’ Participation and Development Opportunities: hints from the Product Space

The Economic Complexity (EC) approach (Hidalgo and Hausmann, 2009) offers a pathbreaking perspective into the study of economic development, by introducing new tools for economic analysis, such as the product space and sophistication indexes. A different strand of international economics literature has studied Global Value Chains (GVCs), highlighting their impact on countries the economic performance of countries. This paper jointly considers these two strands of literature by: i) providing a descriptive analysis on a set of selected chains through updated measures of the product space and of derived indexes; ii) proposing a new EC coherent GVC participation index; iii) applying the former contributions to the analysis of North African countries' GVC performance. From the latter analysis, strong differences between Tunisia, Egypt and Morocco emerge, as far as both current participation and future perspectives are concerned. Overall, the paper, by merging the two strands of literature, for the first time to our knowledge, highlights interesting opportunities for further developments in this direction. JEL Classification: F14, F43, C80, O10, O57, O55
SELECTION OF HIGH YIELDING ACCESSIONS OF CHROMOLAENA ODORATA L. FOR FUTURE BREEDING ACTIVITIES

Chromolaena odorata L. commonly known as Siam weeds or in Malaysia is known as ‘pokok kapal terbang’, ‘pokok Jerman’, ‘rumput Jepun’ or ‘rumput Siam’, belongs to family Asteraceaea. The plant is native in North America and has been introduced to South America, tropical Asia, West Africa and parts of Australia. It is a semi-woody shrub and able to reach 3.0-7.0 meter in height. It is very common on the road side, open areas, forest clearings, and abandoned gardens and near the beach. It is reported that C. odorata is an aggressive competitor that suppresses young plantation, agriculture crops and grows on other vegetation. However, the leaf of this species provides a lot of benefits especially in treating wound such as to stop bleeding and promote healing. The wound healing activity of C. odorata has been proven scientifically and is widely reported. In Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), isolated flavonoids from C. odorata leaf extract were found to have relatively strong inhibition on platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor binding in vitro, indicating an anti-inflammatory activity, which is favourable in wound healing process. Among of the chemical constituents in the leaf parts that contributed to this activity are naringenin 4’-methyl ether and aromadendrin 4’-methyl ether. Therefore, screening of these two chemical constituents on 35 accessions of C. odorata from three provenances was conducted. The main attempt is to select high yielding accessions of the species for future production of high quality planting materials. This paper also highlights the process of collection, propagation, establishment of germplasm as part of the process in producing high quality planting materials of the species.
Running head: STAYING CONNECTED DURING COVID-19 1 Staying ‘In Sync’ with Others During COVID-19: Perceived Positivity Resonance Mediates Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Links between Trait Resilience and Mental Health

Shared positive emotions involving caring and synchrony—termed “positivity resonance”—are associated with mental health (Major et al., 2018). We hypothesized that, during the COVID-19 pandemic, individual differences in trait resilience would be linked with better overall mental health in part because those higher in trait resilience experience more positivity resonance. We surveyed respondents nationally in April and May of 2020 (total N = 1,059), during pervasive stay-at-home orders. Participants completed self-reports of trait resilience and mental health and used the Day Reconstruction Method to describe their social and emotional experiences. Structural equation models showed perceived positivity resonance to mediate the links between trait resilience and mental health outcomes. Subsequent analyses showed these mediating effects to be independent of overall positive emotion and social interaction quantity (amongst nationwide adults). These results indicate that high-quality social connection played a uniquely important role in maintaining mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.
RESONANCE SCATTERING FROM A RIBBED FINITE CYLINDRICAL SHELL

This paper is a review of our previous works on acoustic scattering by long finite cylindrical shell reinforced by a set of ribs. The following problems were studied: scattering from a periodically ribbed shell, effects of rib aperiodicity and effects of internal axisymmetric oscillators on backscattering. The theoretical formalism is based upon: a) the expansion of the solution near the surface of the shell in terms of the eigenfunctions of the finite cylindrical shell with simply supported ends and b) on the description of the solution by a continuous distribution of elementary singularities that are previously used to describe scattering from slender bodies. The derivation leads to a finite algebraic linear system the rank of which is equal to the total number of ribs and oscillators for each azimuthal mode. A certain number of physical features associated with resonance scattering of ribbed cylindrical shells are reported and commented. INTRODUCTION When the ribs are periodically attached to the surface of the cylinder, the far field scattered pressure displays a certain number of typical features associated with specular reflection and phase matching to the free waves which propagate on the shell namely the helical and BlochFloquet waves. However, periodically ribbed finite cylindrical shells are rather simplified objects to model real marine structures. Indeed naval underwater structures are often stiffened by ribs that are spaced more or less uniformly with weak deviations from a spatial periodicity. As the elastic waves interact with other discontinuities such as bulkheads and internal structures , the acoustic field could be greatly modified compared to that of the periodic case. Therefore a theoretical formalism has been derived to predict the effects of irregularity and discontinuities on the above-mentioned features in the scattering process. THEORY Consider a harmonic plane wave t i z z k x x k i i e e p ω − + = ) ( incident upon a long cylindrical shell of radius a and half length L with a/L<<1 . It is submerged in water and the interior of the shell is in vacuo. A set of ribs and/or internal oscillators (both designated by ribs in the following for convenience) are attached to the inside of the surface of the cylinder. Assuming a certain number of assumptions that permits to simplify the analysis of the problem, the total pressure is the sum of the incident pressure pi, the scattered pressure ps and the reactive force applied by the rings to the shell pr. The scattered pressure is split up into two components ps = prig + pres where prig is the pressure scattered by the cylinder considered as a perfectly rigid object and pres is due to the elasticity of the material. It is is sought in the form of a continuous superposition of sectorial spherical harmonics along the z-axis inside the body. The distributions of these singularities are determined by matching this solution with the solution of the scattered pressure near the surface of the shell :
Administrative and Instructional Issues in the Implementation of Voucher Program Among Selected Private Senior High Schools

The primary aim of this research was to identify the issues encountered by school administrators and teachers in implementing the voucher program. We identified administrative issues in terms of the release of vouchers or billing statements, providing resources, application, and processing of documents, and career guidance orientation. Meanwhile, we also investigated instructional issues to teach like strategies and techniques, student preparation, learning resources, curriculum enhancement, and teachers’ preparation and readiness. The research method for this study was a qualitative phenomenological approach that focused on describing the lived experiences of people. This study involved six school administrators and six teachers that belonged to private senior high schools in a province in Central Luzon, Philippines, during the school year 2018-2019. The results showed that the issues associated with implementing voucher programs among school administrators are: (a) delays in application and processing of documents, (b) lack of parents’ support and students’ active participation in career guidance orientation, (c) delays in the voucher’s release, and (d) difficulties in hiring qualified teachers and the keeping of teachers. Meanwhile, the common problems associated with implementing voucher among teachers are: (a) lack of preparedness among teachers, (b) congested curriculum competencies and idealistic outcome expectations, (c) job mismatch, traditional teaching, non-congruency between the teaching strategies and content, (d) innovative technological advancements issues, and (e) students are not competent. They can learn significant insights from the research-based propositions drawn from the study.