Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Images to Improve Machine-Translating E-Commerce Product Listings.

In this paper we study the impact of using images to machine-translate user-generated e-commerce product listings. We study how a multi-modal Neural Machine Translation (NMT) model compares to two text-only approaches: a conventional state-of-the-art attentional NMT and a Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) model. User-generated product listings often do not constitute grammatical or well-formed sentences. More often than not, they consist of the juxtaposition of short phrases or keywords. We train our models end-to-end as well as use text-only and multi-modal NMT models for re-ranking n-best lists generated by an SMT model. We qualitatively evaluate our user-generated training data also analyse how adding synthetic data impacts the results. We evaluate our models quantitatively using BLEU and TER and find that (i) additional synthetic data has a general positive impact on text-only and multi-modal NMT models, and that (ii) using a multi-modal NMT model for re-ranking n-best lists improves TER significantly across different n-best list sizes.
Effects of butachlor on estrogen receptor, vitellogenin and P450 aromatase gene expression in the early life stage of zebrafish

Butachlor has adverse effects on fecundity and disrupts sex hormone homeostasis in adult zebrafish, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In the present study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to various concentrations of butachlor from 2 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 30 days post-fertilization (dpf). The transcription of genes involved estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ1 and ERβ2), vitellogenins (VTG I and II), and cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19a) was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that there was no significant alteration in the expression of VTGI, ERα, ERβ1, ERβ2 and CYP19a after 30 days of butachlor exposure, whereas the transcription of VTG II gene was significantly up-regulated in zebrafish exposed to 100 μg/L butachlor. It is suggested that butachlor may be a weak estrogen, and more endpoints need to be investigated to assess the effects of butachlor on the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal axis of zebrafish.
Capacitive-Coupled ECG Measurement and Its Applications for Ubiquitous Healthcare

Unconstrained ECG measurement is important for ubiquitous healthcare. The methods for this are being developed, and the capacitive-coupled ECG (CC- ECG) measurement is reported recently. In this paper, this measurement method and its applications are introduced. And the some problems and improving solution are presented.
The Use of Functional MRI to Study Appetite Control in the CNS

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has provided the opportunity to safely investigate the workings of the human brain. This paper focuses on its use in the field of human appetitive behaviour and its impact in obesity research. In the present absence of any safe or effective centrally acting appetite suppressants, a better understanding of how appetite is controlled is vital for the development of new antiobesity pharmacotherapies. Early functional imaging techniques revealed an attenuation of brain reward area activity in response to visual food stimuli when humans are fed—in other words, the physiological state of hunger somehow increases the appeal value of food. Later studies have investigated the action of appetite modulating hormones on the fMRI signal, showing how the attenuation of brain reward region activity that follows feeding can be recreated in the fasted state by the administration of anorectic gut hormones. Furthermore, differences in brain activity between obese and lean individuals have provided clues about the possible aetiology of overeating. The hypothalamus acts as a central gateway modulating homeostatic and nonhomeostatic drives to eat. As fMRI techniques constantly improve, functional data regarding the role of this small but hugely important structure in appetite control is emerging.
TMS320F2812 DSP Driving System based on Power Electronics Integration Technology

This paper presents a driving system based on the power electronics integration technology. It meets the specification of numerical control, drives the three-phase applications with single IC and integrates all kinds of protection functions. The control and gate driver functions implemented respectively by the TMS320F2812 digital signal processor (DSP) and the drive IC of IR2136 are introduced. And a optimal control algorithm which can be easily realized through event manager (EV) module of the TMS320F2812 DSP is proposed. The pspice model is built to verify the designed circuit and the experimental results are given. The results validate the driving system
MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITY SCALE

by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), quickly detects significant earthquakes, estimates shaking, and issues ShakeAlert Messages to Technical Partners. Then, Technical Partners, which have entered into a license agreement with the USGS, use this information to deliver alerts that rapidly reach people and trigger automated actions to protect vital systems and infrastructure, potentially seconds before shaking arrives at their location.
Applying Trust Mechanisms in an agent-based P2P Network of Service Providers and Requestors

Building an agent-based network of service providers and requestors requires the effective management of the interactions among peers. These interactions, as in real life, require the mutual trust of the peers participating in a negotiation process. Trust quantification is a complex process that involves many parameters. Applying trust mechanisms in a P2P network is essential for guarantee the trustworthiness of participating peers and eventually the success of the negotiation. In this paper, we propose an agent-based community-centric P2P organization of service providers, clients and intermediaries that effectively and securely collaborate with each other, by considering common context in their negotiations, to discover trustworthy request-relevant services. The paper defines the formalisms for: 1) the roles of peers, and 2) the trust model which considers peers' reputation and secure message exchanges
Stability and performance analysis of permanent magnet motors operating in flux-weakening region

Permanent magnet (PM) motors for traction drive applications generally require wide-speed range operation, where flux-weakening control is employed once the inverter voltage limit is reached. Constrained by the inverter voltage limit (voltage circle), the current control loop may become open loop due to the lack of voltage margin and the current can not be effectively controlled with respect to the reference. In addition, the control of d-axis and q-axis currents will affect each other although the cross-coupling compensation is applied. This paper presented an analytical model to describe the above issues and attempts to predict the current control loop performance in the flux-weakening region. By analyzing eigenvalues of the state matrix of the linearized current-loop model, the d-axis and q-axis current control are found to be not independent, while the system may remain stable. The closed-loop transfer function is also derived, which shows lower bandwidth than the designed value in the frequency domain. The analysis is further carried out with various motor speeds, control bandwidth as well as the load torque. Time-domain simulation results verify the analytical model and prediction given in the paper.
TIP: A probabilistic method for identifying transcription factor target genes from ChIP-seq binding profiles

MOTIVATION ChIP-seq and ChIP-chip experiments have been widely used to identify transcription factor (TF) binding sites and target genes. Conventionally, a fairly 'simple' approach is employed for target gene identification e.g. finding genes with binding sites within 2 kb of a transcription start site (TSS). However, this does not take into account the number of sites upstream of the TSS, their exact positioning or the fact that different TFs appear to act at different characteristic distances from the TSS. RESULTS Here we propose a probabilistic model called target identification from profiles (TIP) that quantitatively measures the regulatory relationships between TFs and target genes. For each TF, our model builds a characteristic, averaged profile of binding around the TSS and then uses this to weight the sites associated with a given gene, providing a continuous-valued 'regulatory' score relating each TF and potential target. Moreover, the score can readily be turned into a ranked list of target genes and an estimate of significance, which is useful for case-dependent downstream analysis. CONCLUSION We show the advantages of TIP by comparing it to the 'simple' approach on several representative datasets, using motif occurrence and relationship to knock-out experiments as metrics of validation. Moreover, we show that the probabilistic model is not as sensitive to various experimental parameters (including sequencing depth and peak-calling method) as the simple approach; in fact, the lesser dependence on sequencing depth potentially utilizes the result of a ChIP-seq experiment in a more 'cost-effective' manner. CONTACT mark.gerstein@yale.edu SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Comparison of digitized and conventional radiographic images for assessment of hip joint conformation in dogs.

OBJECTIVE To determine agreement between assessments of canine hip joint conformation provided by board-certified radiologists after evaluation of digitized and conventional radiographic images. SAMPLE POPULATION 200 pelvic radiographs previously evaluated by radiologists using the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals standard grading system for canine hip joint conformation. PROCEDURES Each of 20 board-certified radiologists evaluated conventional and digitized pelvic radiographs from each of 200 dogs for hip joint conformation. A weighted kappa coefficient and intraclass correlation were used to determine agreement between assessments derived from digitized radiographic images and conventional radiographs and between the original Orthopedic Foundation for Animals conformation ratings and assessments derived from each image format. RESULTS Overall, agreement between assessments derived from the digitized images and conventional radiographs was good, with all but 1 radiologist attaining a weighted kappa coefficient > 0.61. Intraclass correlation for each radiologist ranged from 0.75 to 0.98 (95% confidence interval, 0.67 to 0.984). On comparison of conformation assessments, 95.7% of those derived from conventional radiographs and digitized images were within 1 grade. On comparison of digitized radiographic conformation assessments and conformation ratings, 94.2% were within 1 grade. On comparison of conventional radiographic conformation assessments and conformation ratings, 92.3% were within 1 grade. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of digitized radiographic images does not appear to impact the radiographic assessments of canine hip joint conformation made by consultant radiologists. Compared with conventional radiographs, the use of digitized radiographic images decreases storage space requirements and enables more rapid reporting of assessment results for individual dogs.
Trust-Guided Behavior Adaptation Using Case-Based Reasoning

The addition of a robot to a team can be difficult if the human teammates do not trust the robot. This can result in underutilization or disuse of the robot, even if the robot has skills or abilities that are necessary to achieve team goals or reduce risk. To help a robot integrate itself with a human team, we present an agent algorithm that allows a robot to estimate its trustworthiness and adapt its behavior accordingly. As behavior adaptation is performed, using case-based reasoning (CBR), information about the adaptation process is stored and used to improve the efficiency of future adaptations.
Functional genetic selection of Helix 66 in Escherichia coli 23S rRNA identified the eukaryotic-binding sequence for ribosomal protein L2

Ribosomal protein L2 is a highly conserved primary 23S rRNA-binding protein. L2 specifically recognizes the internal bulge sequence in Helix 66 (H66) of 23S rRNA and is localized to the intersubunit space through formation of bridge B7b with 16S rRNA. The L2-binding site in H66 is highly conserved in prokaryotic ribosomes, whereas the corresponding site in eukaryotic ribosomes has evolved into distinct classes of sequences. We performed a systematic genetic selection of randomized rRNA sequences in Escherichia coli, and isolated 20 functional variants of the L2-binding site. The isolated variants consisted of eukaryotic sequences, in addition to prokaryotic sequences. These results suggest that L2/L8e does not recognize a specific base sequence of H66, but rather a characteristic architecture of H66. The growth phenotype of the isolated variants correlated well with their ability of subunit association. Upon continuous cultivation of a deleterious variant, we isolated two spontaneous mutations within domain IV of 23S rRNA that compensated for its weak subunit association, and alleviated its growth defect, implying that functional interactions between intersubunit bridges compensate ribosomal function.
Imaging Shear Strength Along Subduction Faults

Subduction faults accumulate stress during long periods of time and release this stress suddenly, during earthquakes, when it reaches a threshold. This threshold, the shear strength, controls the occurrence and magnitude of earthquakes. We consider a 3‐D model to derive an analytical expression for how the shear strength depends on the fault geometry, the convergence obliquity, frictional properties, and the stress field orientation. We then use estimates of these different parameters in Japan to infer the distribution of shear strength along a subduction fault. We show that the 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku earthquake ruptured a fault portion characterized by unusually small variations in static shear strength. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that large earthquakes preferentially rupture regions with relatively homogeneous shear strength. With increasing constraints on the different parameters at play, our approach could, in the future, help identify favorable locations for large earthquakes.
Cellular Pathology of Lysosomal Storage Disorders

Lysosomal storage disorders are rare, inborn errors of metabolism characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of unmetabolized compounds. The brain is commonly a central focus of the disease process and children and animals affected by these disorders often exhibit progressively severe neurological abnormalities. Although most storage diseases result from loss of activity of a single enzyme responsible for a single catabolic step in a single organelle, the lysosome, the overall features of the resulting disease belies this simple beginning. These are enormously complex disorders with metabolic and functional consequences that go far beyond the lysosome and impact both soma‐dendritic and axonal domains of neurons in highly neuron type‐specific ways. Cellular pathological changes include growth of ectopic dendrites and new synaptic connections and formation of enlargements in axons far distant from the lysosomal defect. Other storage diseases exhibit neuron death, also occurring in a cell‐selective manner. The functional links between known molecular genetic and enzyme defects and changes in neuronal integrity remain largely unknown. Future studies on the biology of lysosomal storage diseases affecting the brain can be anticipated to provide insights not only into these pathogenic mechanisms, but also into the role of lysosomes and related organelles in normal neuron function.
Optimal weighted median filtering under structural constraints

A new expression for the output moments of weighted median filtered data is derived. The noise attenuation capability of a weighted median filter can now be assessed using the L-vector and M-vector parameters in the new expression. The second major contribution of the paper is the development of a new optimality theory for weighted median filters. This theory is based on the new expression for the output moments, and combines the noise attenuation and some structural constraints on the filter's behavior. In certain special cases, the optimal weighted median filter can be obtained by merely solving a set of linear inequalities. This leads in some cases to closed form solutions for optimal weighted median filters. Some applications of the theory developed in this paper, in 1-D signal processing and image processing are discussed. Throughout the analysis, some striking similarities are pointed out between linear FIR filters and weighted median filters. >
Polynomial solutions for the direct kinematic problem of planar three-degree-of-freedom parallel manipulators

Presents a general solution for the direct kinematics of planar three-degree-of-freedom parallel manipulators. It has been shown elsewhere, using geometric considerations, that this problem can lead to a maximum of six real solutions. The formulation developed leads to a polynomial of the sixth order which is hence minimal. This is illustrated with an example, taken from the literature, for which six real solutions have been found. Moreover, for a special geometry in which the three joints on the platform and on the base are respectively aligned, it is shown that the solution can be cascaded in two steps involving the solution of a cubic and a quadratic respectively. This particular class of planar parallel manipulators can therefore be solved in closed-form and no more than four real solutions have been found in this case. Examples of this class of manipulators are also solved. <<ETX>>
Deafness in occludin-deficient mice with dislocation of tricellulin and progressive apoptosis of the hair cells

ABSTRACT Occludin is the first identified protein in the tight junction (TJ), but its function has remained for the most part obscure. TJs have been demonstrated to play important roles in the inner ear function, and occludin is expressed in all the epithelial TJs in the inner ear. Thus, we examined the inner ears of occludin-deficient (Occ−/−) mice. Although inner ears initially developed normally in Occ−/− mice, apoptosis occurs in hair cells in the organ of Corti around day 12 after birth, and deafness develops. Since hair cell degeneration was not observed in cochlear explant cultures of Occ−/− mice, environmental changes were considered to be the trigger of cell death. As for the vestibular system, both the morphologies and functions are normal in Occ−/− mice. These phenotypes of Occ−/− mice are very similar with those of claudin-14 or claudin-9 deficient mice, leading us to speculate on the existence of imbalance induced by TJ abnormalities, such as localized ionic components. Moreover, the occludin deficiency led to dislocalization of tricellulin, a gene responsible for human deafness DFNB49. The deafness in Occ−/− mice may be due to this dislocalization of tricellulin.
Toward a theory of test data selection

Examines the theoretical and practical role of testing in software development. The authors prove a fundamental theorem showing that properly structured tests are capable of demonstrating the absence of errors in a program. The theorem's proof hinges on our definition of test reliability and validity, but its practical utility hinges on being able to show when a test is actually reliable. The authors explain what makes tests unreliable (for example, they show by example why testing all program statements, predicates, or paths is not usually sufficient to insure test reliability), and they outline a possible approach to developing reliable tests. They also show how the analysis required to define reliable tests can help in checking a program's design and specifications as well as in preventing and detecting implementation errors.
Particle Indistinguishability Symmetry within a Field Theory. Entropic Effects

In this paper, we briefly discuss a field theory approach of classical statistical mechanics. We show how an essentially entropic functional accounts for fundamental symmetries related to quantum mechanical properties which hold out in the classical limit of the quantum description. Within this framework, energetic and entropic properties are treated at equal level. Based on a series of examples on electrolytes, we illustrate how this framework gives simple interpretations where entropic fluctuations of anions and cations compete with the energetic properties related to the interaction potential.
An efficient algorithm for 3-D object reconstruction from 2-D images

In this paper we propose 3-D object reconstruction algorithm by combining two different algorithms. We review two common methods for 3-D object reconstruction. Visual hull is derived from multiple images and then refine visual hull by stereo matching . Then voxel color is another method that uses the measure of color consistency to build 3-D object reconstruction. Our propose algorithm is based on these two common method. Here new is first we refine visual hull by stereo matching and then perform voxel coloring. We perform visibility checking, object carving and color consistency to represent details of the 3-D object.
Towards machines that know when they do not know: Summary of work done at 2014 Frederick Jelinek Memorial Workshop

A group of junior and senior researchers gathered as a part of the 2014 Frederick Jelinek Memorial Workshop in Prague to address the problem of predicting the accuracy of a nonlinear Deep Neural Network probability estimator for unknown data in a different application domain from the domain in which the estimator was trained. The paper describes the problem and summarizes approaches that were taken by the group1.
Finger recognition for hand pose determination

Hand pose and gesture recognition methods have been based on many properties of hand images, but using finger recognition is unique. Here we describe hand pose from finger recognition, its limitations and its advantages. The implementation is being used for some real applications, including interfaces and computer games, and has a success rate of over 98%