Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Determining the Need for LMS in Saudi Arabia

It is important for Saudi Arabian teachers to develop transformational communication skills so they can communicate information effectively. In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, Saudi Arabian teachers played a crucial role in maintaining education activities. The study examined teachers' behavioral intentions regarding the use of learning management systems (Madrasati). UTAUT can be used to determine individuals' technological intentions and behaviors. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated from a survey of 100 teachers. Statistically significant correlations were found for dependencies, performance expectations, effort expectations, voluntariness, social influence, and facilitating conditions. Furthermore, there is no significant difference between males and females in behavioral intentions. Additionally, age, experience, and behavioral traits do not contribute significantly to behavioral intention to use Madrasati. Learning management systems are used for a variety of reasons, and this study offers empirical evidence supporting these reasons.
Effect of Thermal Inactivation on Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory Activities and Chemical Profile of Postbiotics

Inactivation is a crucial step in the production of postbiotics, with thermal inactivation being the prevailing method employed. Nevertheless, the impact of thermal treatment on bioactivity and chemical composition remains unexplored. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of heating temperature on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties and the chemical composition of ET-22 and BL-99 postbiotics. The findings revealed that subjecting ET-22 and BL-99 to thermal treatment ranging from 70 °C to 121 °C for a duration of 10 min effectively deactivated them, leading to the disruption of cellular structure and release of intracellular contents. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of ET-22 and BL-99 postbiotics remained unaffected by mild heating temperatures (below 100 °C). However, excessive heating at 121 °C diminished the antioxidant activity of the postbiotic. To further investigate the impact of thermal treatments on chemical composition, non-targeted metabolomics was conducted to analyze the cell-free supernatants derived from ET-22 and BL-99. The results revealed that compared to mild inactivation at temperatures below 100 °C, the excessive temperature of 121 °C significantly altered the chemical profile of the postbiotic. Several bioactive components with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, including zomepirac, flumethasone, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, and phenyllactic acid, exhibited a significant reduction in their levels following exposure to a temperature of 121 °C. This decline in their abundance may be associated with a corresponding decrease in their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The cumulative evidence gathered strongly indicates that heating temperatures exert a discernible influence on the properties of postbiotics, whereby excessive heating leads to the degradation of heat-sensitive active constituents and subsequent diminishment of their biological efficacy.
Tools and souvenirs: the shells from Kilise Tepe (1994–1998)

Abstract In the summers of 1994–1998 a rescue excavation took place at Kilise Tepe, an archaeological site occupied from the Early Bronze Age to the Byzantine period, located in the Göksu valley in Cilicia in southern Turkey. This article analyses the shell finds from environmental and archaeological perspectives. Three categories of molluscs are identified: terrestrial, freshwater and marine. The first two are the remnants of local fauna that lived on or near the site; the marine shells came from the Mediterranean shore adjacent to the Göksu delta and the delta itself. There are indications that freshwater mussels served as tools. Marine shells were worn as ornaments. Özet Türkiye'nin güneyinde yer alan Kilikya bölgesindeki Göksu vadisinde bulunan ve Erken Tunç Çağı'ndan Bizans dönemine kadar kesintisiz iskan edilmiş bir arkeolojik alan olan Kilise Tepe'de 1994–1998 tarihleri arasında kurtarma kazıları yapılmıştır. Bu makalede, kabuk buluntuları ekolojik ve arkeolojik açılardan incelenmektedir. Karasal, tatlı su ve deniz olmak üzere üç grup yumuşakça tespit edilmiştir. İlk iki grup, yerleşim yerinde veya yakınında yaşamış olan yerel faunanın kalıntılarıdır. Deniz kabukları ise Göksu deltasına yakın Akdeniz kıyısından veya bizzat deltanın kendisinden gelmektedir. Tatlı su midye kabuklarının alet olarak kullanıldığını gösteren belirtiler mevcuttur. Deniz kabukları ise süs eşyası olarak kullanılmıştır.
40Ar/39Ar dating of white micas from the epidote to the omphacite zones, northern New Caledonia: tectonic implications

An 40Ar/39Ar study of white micas from high-pressure metamorphic rocks of northern New Caledonia yielded cooling ages of 37 ± 1 Ma for both epidote and omphacite zone samples. Whole-rock samples from the lawsonite zone yielded ages in the range 44–51 Ma with complicated age spectra, probably reflecting both detrital and newly grown micas. The areal extent of the mica samples, over 300 km2, suggests that the epidote and omphacite zone rocks cooled through the muscovite closure temperature, about 350 °C, as a coherent cooling unit. Simple thermal modeling suggests that these rocks could have closed at similar times if the unroofing rate were greater than 2–10 mm∙a−1. Lawsonite zone rocks occur structurally within about 0.5 km of garnet–omphacite rocks, suggesting the possibility of major postmetamorphic tectonic displacement.
Bacterial production of methane and its influence on ground-water chemistry in east-central Texas aquifers

Geochemical and isotopic data for methane and ground water indicate that gaseous hydrocarbons in Eocene aquifers in east-central Texas form by bacterial processes. The δ13C values of methane from five wells in the clay-rich Yegua and Cook Mountain Formations range from -71‰ to -62‰. Methane from ten wells in the cleaner sands of the Sparta and Queen City Formations have δ13C values between -57‰ and -53‰. The carbon isotopic difference between methanes from the Yegua and Sparta aquifers is comparable to the isotopic difference in sedimentary organic matter from outcrops of the units, suggesting substrate control on the δ13C of bacterial methane. Hydrogen isotopic compositions of methane from the aquifers are similar, averaging -181‰. This high value suggests methane production predominantly by CO2 reduction. The δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in high bicarbonate waters increases from about -20‰ to 0‰ with increasing DIC. Mass-balance calculations indicate that the DIC added to the ground water has δ;13C values as high as 10‰. This 13C-enriched carbon is predominantly derived from CO2 production by fermentation and anaerobic oxidation reactions combined with CO2 consumption by CO2 reduction. This process is responsible for high bicarbonate contents in these and probably other Gulf Coast ground waters.
Electronic alert outpatient protocol improves the quality of care for the risk of postcontrast acute kidney injury following computed tomography

Background Prevention and diagnosis of postcontrast acute kidney injury (AKI) after contrast-enhanced computed tomography is burdensome in outpatient department. We investigated whether an electronic alert system could improve prevention and diagnosis of postcontrast AKI. Methods In March 2018, we launched an electronic alert system that automatically identifies patients with a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate of <45 mL/min/1.73 m2, provides a prescription of fluid regimen, and recommends a follow-up for serum creatinine measurement. Participants prescribed contrast-enhanced computed tomography at outpatient department before and after the launch of the system were categorized as historical and alert group, respectively. Propensity for the surveillance of postcontrast AKI was compared using logistic regression. Risks of AKI, admission, mortality, and renal replacement therapy were analyzed. Results The historical and alert groups included 289 and 309 participants, respectively. The alert group was more likely to be men and take diuretics. The most frequent volume of prophylactic fluid in historical and alert group was 1,000 and 750 mL, respectively. Follow-up for AKI was more common in the alert group (adjusted odds ratio, 6.00; p < 0.001). Among them, incidence of postcontrast AKI was not statistically different. The two groups did not differ in risks of admission, mortality, or renal replacement therapy. Conclusion The electronic alert system could assist in the detection of high-risk patients, prevention with reduced fluid volume, and proper diagnosis of postcontrast AKI, while limiting the prescribing clinicians’ burden. Whether the system can improve long-term outcomes remains unclear.
A maximum torque per ampere control strategy for induction motor drives

In this paper, a new control strategy is proposed which is simple in structure and has the straightforward goal of minimizing the stator current amplitude for a given load torque. It is shown that the resulting induction motor efficiency is reasonably close to optimal and that the approach is insensitive to variations in rotor resistance. Although the torque response is not as fast as in field-oriented (FO) control strategies, the response is reasonably fast. In fact, if the mechanical time constant is large relative to the rotor time constant, which is frequently the case, the sacrifice in dynamic performance is insignificant relative to FO strategies.
Combined effects of host genetics and diet on porcine intestinal fungi and their pathogenic genes

As research on gut microbes progresses, it becomes increasingly clear that a small family of microbiota--fungi, plays a crucial role in animal health. However, little is known about the fungal composition in the pig intestine, especially after a dietary fiber diet and hybrid genetics, and the changes in host pathogenicity-associated genes they carry. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of diet and genetics on the diversity and structure of porcine intestinal fungi and to describe, for the first time, the host pathogenicity-related genes carried by porcine intestinal fungi. Samples of colonic contents were collected for metagenomic analysis using a 3 × 2 parsing design, where three pig breeds (Taoyuan, Duroc, and crossbred Xiangcun) were fed high or low fiber diets (n = 10). In all samples, we identified a total of 281 identifiable fungal genera, with Ascomycota and Microsporidia being the most abundant fungi. Compared to Duroc pigs, Taoyuan and Xiangcun pigs had higher fungal richness. Interestingly, the fiber diet significantly reduced the abundance of the pathogenic fungus Mucor and significantly increased the abundance of the fiber digestion-associated fungus Neocallimastix. Pathogenic fungi exert their pathogenicity through the genes they carry that are associated with host pathogenicity. Therefore, we obtained 839 pathogenicity genes carried by the spectrum of fungi in the pig intestine by comparing the PHI-base database. Our results showed that fungi in the colon of Taoyuan pigs carried the highest abundance of different classes of host pathogenicity-related genes, and the lowest in Duroc pigs. Specifically, Taoyuan pigs carried high abundance of animal pathogenicity-related genes (CaTUP1, CPAR2_106400, CaCDC35, Tfp1, CaMNT2), and CaTUP1 was the key gene for Candida pathogenicity. The intestinal fungal composition of crossbred Xiangcun pigs and the abundance of host pathogenicity-associated genes they carried exhibited a mixture of characteristics of Taoyuan and Duroc pigs. In conclusion, our results provide the first comprehensive report on the effects of dietary fiber and genetics on the composition of intestinal fungi and the host-associated pathogenicity genes they carry in pigs. These findings provide a reference for subsequent pig breeding and development of anti-pathogenic fungal drugs.
Maintenance of subsynaptic myonuclei number is not driven by neural input

The development and maintenance of neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) are supported by a specialized population of myonuclei that are referred to as the subsynaptic myonuclei (SSM). The relationship between the number of SSM and the integrity of the NMJ as well as the impact of a loss of innervation on SSM remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify these associations by simultaneously analyzing SSM counts and NMJ innervation status in three distinct mouse models of acute and chronic NMJ disruption. SSM were identified using fluorescent immunohistochemistry for Nesprin1 expression, which is highly enriched in SSM, along with anatomical location beneath the muscle fiber motor endplate. Acute denervation, induced by surgical nerve transection, did not affect SSM number after 7 days. Additionally, no significant changes in SSM number were observed during normal aging or in mice with chronic oxidative stress (Sod1 −/−). Both aging WT mice and Sod1 −/− mice accumulated degenerating and denervated NMJ in skeletal muscle, but there was no correlation between innervation status of a given NMJ and SSM number in aged or Sod1 −/− mice. These findings challenge the notion that a loss of SSM is a primary driver of NMJ degradation and leave open questions of the mechanisms that regulate SSM number as well as the physiological significance of the precise SSM number. Further investigations are required to define other properties of the SSM, such as transcriptional profiles and structural integrity, to better understand their role in NMJ maintenance.
Studies on the yields of cocoons of CSR19, Kolar gold and CSR2xCSR4 reared fed with M5 variety of mulberry leaves cultivated by spentwash irrigation.

CSR19, Kolar gold and CSR2xCSR4 varieties of silkworm were reared using M5 variety of mulberry leaves cultivated by different proportions of spentwash irrigation. Influence of SW irrigated M5 Mulberry leaves on the yields of different varieties of cocoons of silkworms at their respective maturity was investigated. It was found that the yields of CSR19, Kolar gold and CSR2xCSR4 were high in case of Mulberry leaves irrigated with 33% SW than raw water and 50% spentwash irrigations [the percentage yield was maximum in the case of Kolar gold (26%) and minimum in CSR2xCSR4 (21.87%) and moderate in CSR19 (25.6%)]. This concludes that the diluted (33%) spentwash irrigated mulberry leaves is most suitable for the rearing of the above varieties of cocoons, which elevates the economy of the farmers.
Spatial variation of void ratio and shear band thickness in sand using X-ray computed tomography

A detailed study of spatial variation of void ratio and shear band thickness measurements is presented in this paper. A prismatic sand specimen that initially measured 57·4 mm wide × 120·5 mm long × 182·1 mm high was sheared under plane-strain (biaxial) loading conditions. The specimen was prepared at a relative density of 79% using F-75 Ottawa sand. X-ray computed tomography was used to scan the specimen before shearing and after the onset of the shear band. The specimen failed through a single shear band with an inclination angle of 65·6° measured from the direction of the minor principal stress. Computer algorithms were developed to calibrate CT images and quantify void ratio (e) variation within the specimen. CT data analysis revealed cross-sectional spatial variation in void ratio where density is higher in regions close to the edges of the specimen due to membrane effects and confining pressure with no significant variation in void ratio in the axial direction (top to bottom) before shearing. The sh.
Biogeochemical contrasts between mid‐Cretaceous carbonate platforms and Cenozoic reefs

Carbonate sediments of mid‐Cretaceous platforms on Allison and Resolution Guyots, Mid‐Pacific Mountains (ODP Leg 143, Sites 865, 866, 867 and 868) and those of upper Oligocene to Pliocene reefs of the Kita‐daito‐jima Borehole were studied. The mid‐Cretaceous platforms abound with abiotic (? ) precipitates (ooids) and microbial carbonate grains/sediments (oncoids and ‘algal’ laminites), whereas the Cenozoic reefs consist mainly of coral and non‐geniculate coralline algae, major frame‐builders, benthic foraminifers and codiacean alga (Halimeda). There exists a remarkable difference in a mode of calcification between the mid‐Cretaceous platforms and Cenozoic reefs. The major reef‐builders of Cenozoic reefs precipitated carbonates within closed to semiclosed spaces within their bodies. In contrast, the mid‐Cretaceous platforms contain abundant grains/sediments formed by chemical (? ) precipitations and biotic extracellular calcification. This contrasting feature reflects different modes of biogeochemical cycles between the mid‐Cretaceous and Cenozoic. Increased CO2 (degassed by active volcanism) and resultant high temperature and intensive weathering may have brought high concentration of Ca2+ and HCO3− into the mid‐Cretaceous sea, which enhanced abiotic and extracellular calcification. Inverse processes are true for the Cenozoic.
Regional changes in the annual mean Hadley circulation in recent decades

Previous studies suggest that the zonally averaged Hadley circulation (ZAHC) has experienced a robust poleward expansion, and its trend in intensity displays inconsistency among different data sets. This study examines changes in regional HC intensity and poleward edge using six reanalyses, outgoing longwave radiation, and precipitation data sets. HCs in six regions, including Africa (AFHC), the Indian Ocean (IOHC), the western Pacific (WPHC), the eastern Pacific (EPHC), South America (SAHC), and the Atlantic (ATHC), are investigated. Intensity trends in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) WPHC and ATHC and the Southern Hemisphere (SH) EPHC and ATHC are in agreement with each other in the six reanalyses. Furthermore, regional HCs in these domains appear to be intensifying, although not all of the reanalyses show statistically significant trends. For the poleward edge, its trend in the NH AFHC, IOHC, EPHC, SAHC, and ATHC is significantly larger than zero, and the northern HC poleward edge exhibits uniform poleward migrations in these five regions. In the SH, only the trend in the SAHC poleward edge is significantly different from zero. Furthermore, the trend in the SH SAHC poleward edge is significantly larger than those in the SH AFHC, IOHC, and ATHC. The results indicate that the poleward migration of the southern ZAHC poleward edge during recent decades that has been identified by previous studies may be attributed mainly to the poleward migration of the southern SAHC poleward edge. Further analyses suggest that changes in regional HC poleward edges could have a significant impact on regional precipitation anomalies.
Statistical identification of solar wind origins of magnetic impulse events

[1] We have compiled a complete list of magnetic impulse events (MIEs) during the 8-year period of 1995–2002 covering solar minimum to solar maximum using fluxgate magnetometer data obtained at the South Pole. Wavelet analysis enables us to detect 825 distinct MIEs automatically with high confidence. Interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) discontinuities are also detected automatically for the same period from Wind and ACE satellite data. From an examination and comparison of the two lists, we find that monthly and seasonal variations in IMF discontinuity occurrences have a significant correlation (0.4–0.5) with those of MIEs. We also find that MIEs tend to occur during intervals of low density, high-speed solar wind streams, and/or radial IMF. No preferences for MIE occurrences are found for solar wind pressure jumps or IMF Bz southward turnings. From detailed minimum variance analysis of 36 IMF discontinuities with one-to-one correspondence to MIEs, ∼70% of the IMF discontinuities are found to be tangential discontinuities. The hot flow anomaly (HFA) mechanism can explain at most ∼50% of the MIEs; bursty reconnection and pressure pulses can explain the production of at most ∼30% and ∼20% of the MIEs, respectively. All of the observations and associations are consistent with HFAs or foreshock cavities being the main cause of MIEs.
Carbon Isotope Ratios from the Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary Section at Lawson Cove, Ibex Area, Utah

Changes in carbon isotope ratios (5C) provide an excellent tool for testing and improving biostratigraphic correlations on a global scale. Major shifts in the 8C value of the global oceans are presumed to occur quickly due to the rapid mixing rate of oceanic C02 (Kump and Garrels, 1986) and appear to be reflected locally despite differences in the absolute values of local 5C (e.g. Zachos and Arthur, 1986; Margolis and others, 1987; Magaritz, 1989). Furthermore, 5C values are resistant to diagenesis because of the extremely low abundance of C02 in pore solutions relative to the host carbonate rock (Magaritz 1983; Banner and Hanson 1990). The stratigraphic resolution obtainable based on variations in 8C is often limited by the stamina of the investigator rather than by the occurrence of sample, and this can provide a substantial refinement in the precision of global biostratigraphic correlations. Previous correlations of 8C variations in two key Cambro-Ordovician sections demonstrated the utility of this method for refining biostratigraphic correlations and identifying relative changes in sedimentation (Ripperdan and others, 1992, 1993). As part of the ongoing attempt to identify a Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary, §C profiles have been determined from a number of other localities, including a key section in the Ibex area of west-central Utah. Comparison of these results to the 5C profile from Black Mountain, western Queensland, Australia, further confirm the global character of 8C shifts during the Cambrian-Ordovician transition and permit detailed correlation throughout the boundary interval. These correlations substantially strengthen the interpretation of conodont zonal boundaries as nearly isochronous events during the latest Cambrian and earliest Ordovician.
Dating prehistoric bog‐fires in northern England to calendar years by long‐distance cross‐matching of pine chronologies

The ages of prehistoric fires can be approximated by radiocarbon dating of charcoal or associated material, but such dating is often inaccurate and at best imprecise. Pine trunks preserved in British and Irish peats occasionally show firescars, which might be dated through dendrochronology to yield calendar-year dates. However, unlike oak, there is no master pine chronology to provide absolute dates, so dating is dependent on interspecies cross-matching; for sites in the British Isles with no dated oaks, calendar-year dating of prehistoric pines has hitherto proved impossible. We present a first success in dating, accurately and precisely, prehistoric fire events recorded in subfossil bog-pine trunks, using long-distance cross-matching of pine chronologies between White Moss, Cheshire, and the Humberhead Levels, England. Results demonstrate a bog-fire in Cheshire in spring 2800 BC, and again in 2710 BC, between spring and summer. Further successful long-distance cross-matching of pine would permit international climatological comparisons. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.