Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dirichlet Forms and Markovian Semigroups on Standard Forms of von Neumann Algebras

We characterize w*-continuous, Markovian semigroups on a von Neumann algebra M, which areφ0-symmetric w.r. t. a faithful, normal stateφ0in M*+, in terms of quadratic forms on the Hilbert space H of a standard form (M, H, P, J). We characterize also symmetric, strongly continuous, contraction semigroups on a real Hilbert space H which leave invariant a closed, convex set in H, in terms of a contraction property of the associated quadratic forms. We apply the results to give criteria of essential selfadjointness for quadratic form sums and to give a characterization of w*-continuous, Markovian semigroups on M, which commute with the modular automorphism groupσφ0t.
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control with Cost Function Scheduling for a Wheeled Mobile Robot

Designing a cost function for nonlinear model predictive control (MPC) with a sparse/binary stage cost is challenging. This paper proposes a novel MPC approach with a scheduled quadratic stage cost function that approximates the true stage cost in order to optimally control a nonlinear system with a sparse/binary stage cost. The cost function parameter is optimally scheduled by a parameter scheduling policy obtained by solving a Markov decision process (MDP) constructed from sampled trajectories from any nonlinear MPC solver. The pro-posed approach is implemented into a differential drive wheeled mobile robot (WMR) designed for smart warehousing via the robot operating system (ROS) framework. The simulation and experimental results successfully demonstrate the effectiveness of our MPC approach in cases of the point stabilization problem of a differential drive WMR.
The workload in the MAP/G/1 queue with state-dependent services: its application to a queue with preemptive resume priority

In this paper, we consider the workload process in the MAP/G/1 queue with state-dependent service time distributions. The arrival process of customers is assumed to be a MAP(Markovian arrival process), which is a class of semi-Markovian arrival processes. The amount of work brought into the system upon arrival is distributed according to a general distribution which may depend on the states of the underlying Markov chain immediately before and after arrivals. We first consider the first passage time to the idle state with an arbitrary initial condition. Based on this, we derive the time-dependent LST (Laplace-Stieltjes transform) for the amount of work in the system as well as the LST of its limiting distribution. As an application of the results, we consider a preemptive resume priority queue with independent MAP arrival streams. In the preemptive resume priority queue, the waiting time of customers in a particular priority class is considered as a first passage time (governed by higher priority customer.
The Impact of On-chip Training to Adversarial Attacks in Memristive Crossbar Arrays

Recent studies have shown that Memristor Crossbar Array (MCA)-based Deep Neural Network (DNN) accelerators are resilient to adversarial attacks. This paper shows that adversarial attacks do not uniformly affect the classification accuracy of different chips due to inter-chip process variations. It is experimentally shown that on-chip training results in high resiliency to adversarial attacks in all chips. Experimentation considers various types of attack models in MCA-based analog and hybrid architectures.
On Proposing Statecharts to Specify Performance Models

This paper shows that Statecharts, a high-level specification technique, can be used to represent performance models. This is a powerful technique and is based on state-transition diagrams added with concepts of hierarchy and orthogonality to represent a system behavior. It is shown that Statecharts may conveniently be used to represent models with richness and clarity. Using an analytical approach the technique to determine performance measurements is provided. Three examples are presented and the results show Statecharts’ potential for representing systems for performance evaluation.
An Efficient Lightweight Event Detection Algorithm for On-Site Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) aims to determine individual-appliance energy consumption with minimum cost by decomposing aggregated electricity measurements. Although important for achieving energy conservation and cost minimization, NILM requires high-frequency sampling rates to provide accurate results. This requirement significantly increases the need for storage and computational resources in the electric utility’s fog/cloud infrastructure and for bandwidth on the customer’s side. To resolve these issues, on- site disaggregation, i.e., on the monitoring device, can be employed. However, to keep device-cost low, lightweight NILM algorithms are needed. To this end, a lightweight event-detection algorithm designed to ease on- site implementation, on either software or hardware, is proposed. Event detection is the first, critical half of the well-established event-based NILM approach; it identifies appliance state changes (events). Although a few lightweight event-detection techniques, utilizing high-frequency data, have been presented in the literature, their performance is relatively low in complex-load cases. The proposed algorithm utilizes simple-to-compute features and employs multiple simple criteria to declare an event as detected and slope-coefficient inspection to identify steady states. Moreover, it can detect events with very small time difference between them. Comparisons show that its performance is superior even against more complex event-detection approaches, while its low computational cost is also verified.
Studies of breakeven prices and electricity supply potentials of nuclear fusion by a long-term world energy and environment model

In response to social demand, this paper investigates the breakeven price (BP) and potential electricity supply of nuclear fusion energy in the 21st century by means of a world energy and environment model. We set the following objectives in this paper: (i) to reveal the economics of the introduction conditions of nuclear fusion; (ii) to know when tokamak-type nuclear fusion reactors are expected to be introduced cost-effectively into future energy systems; (iii) to estimate the share in 2100 of electricity produced by the presently designed reactors that could be economically selected in the year. The model can give in detail the energy and environment technologies and price-induced energy saving, and can illustrate optimal energy supply structures by minimizing the costs of total discounted energy systems at a discount rate of 5%. The following parameters of nuclear fusion were considered: cost of electricity (COE) in the nuclear fusion introduction year, annual COE reduction rates, regional introduction year, and regional nuclear fusion capacity projection. The investigations are carried out for three nuclear fusion projections one of which includes tritium breeding constraints, four future CO2 concentration constraints, and technological assumptions on fossil fuels, nuclear fission, CO2 sequestration, and anonymous innovative technologies. It is concluded that: (1) the BPs are from 65 to 125 mill kW−1 h−1 depending on the introduction year of nuclear fusion under the 550 ppmv CO2 concentration constraints; those of a business-as-usual (BAU) case are from 51 to 68 mill kW−1h−1. Uncertainties resulting from the CO2 concentration constraints and the technological options influenced the BPs by plus/minus some 10–30 mill kW−1h−1, (2) tokamak-type nuclear fusion reactors (as presently designed, with a COE range around 70–130 mill kW−1h−1) would be favourably introduced into energy systems after 2060 based on the economic criteria under the 450 and 550 ppmv CO2 concentration constraint, but not selected under the BAU case and 650 ppmv CO2 concentration constraint, and (3) the share of electricity in 2100 produced by the presently designed tokamak-type nuclear fusion reactors (introduced after 2060) is well below 30%. It should be noted that these conclusions are based upon varieties of uncertainties in scenarios and data assumptions on nuclear fusion as well as technological options.
Empirically Derived California Vapor Intrusion Attenuation Factors

The California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) gathered empirical data from sites contaminated with chlorinated volatile organic compounds and generated a vapor intrusion database. The database includes 52 sites across California with 213 buildings, of which, 53% are residential, and 47% are commercial/industrial (nonresidential). DTSC's objective is to improve its knowledge and understanding of vapor intrusion and derive empirical attenuation factors that are representative of the climatic conditions and types of buildings commonly found in the state. Filtering was applied to remove data of suspect quality that were potentially affected by background sources. After filtering to 600 pairs from 32 sites across California, a subslab attenuation factor (AF) was calculated yielding a 95th percentile of 0.005. After filtering to 2926 paired measurements from 39 sites across California, a soil vapor AF was calculated yielding a 95th percentile of 0.0009. The groundwater data was not analyzed due to the small size of the dataset. The AFs from this study are similar to AFs in a California‐specific study by Lahvis and Ettinger (2021). Accordingly, converging lines of evidence suggest that vapor attenuation in California is different from what is observed nationwide by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), where an AF of 0.03 was empirically derived and later recommended for initial screening of buildings for potential vapor intrusion exposure (USEPA, 2015).
The Incidence of Binaries among Very Metal-poor Carbon Stars

We have monitored the radial velocities of seven very metal-poor stars with abnormally strong CH G bands. On the basis of their colors four are giants (gCH) and three are subgiants (sgCH). Three of the gCH stars are definite spectroscopic binaries with long periods, 505 days < P < 3125 days. Two of these possess s-process overabundances, while the third does not. The binary status of the fourth, the r-process–rich giant CS 22892-052, is uncertain. The three sgCH stars possess marked s-process overabundances, but contrary to the expectations of the asymptotic giant branch mass transfer paradigm, their radial velocities have remained constant with σ ≃ ±0.4 km s-1 for the past eight years. Comparison of the standard deviations of our radial velocities with those of McClure's sgCH binaries indicates that the probability that our three stars belong to the population of sgCH binary stars is very small. The dereddened colors and effective temperatures of these stars are similar to those of LP 706-7, which has similar composition and also no measurable velocity variation. The carbon overabundances and the heavy-to-light s-process ratios of all four stars exceed those of disk sgCH stars by an order of magnitude. We return to Bond's 1974 suggestion that these are post–He flash stars that have mixed some envelope material into their cores according to a scheme proposed by Rood.
Technology acceptance for online teaching-learning: perspectives of teachers from higher education in India

ABSTRACT The sudden outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic resulted in a transition to an online teaching-learning (OTL) methodology, forcing India’s institutions to adopt it. The present study investigates OTL’s acceptance by faculty instructors/teachers employed in India’s higher educational institutions using the technology acceptance model (TAM). A survey of 433 respondents studied the intention to use OTL by teachers. The study considered India’s higher educational institutions and utilized web-based questionnaire survey methods for collecting the responses. The study found support for OTL’s perceived usefulness and the perceived ease of use, facilitating conditions to be significant determinants for attitude towards the use of technology by users. The study introduced service conditions related to the faculty instructor/teacher’s employment in the higher educational institutions and its bearing on their work routine. The study did not find service conditions as a significant determinant of attitude towards using OTL technology. The results present evidence of a valid model to predict technology acceptance among India’s teachers.
Numerical Simulations of the Boundary Layer Jet off the Southeastern Coast of China

AbstractA strong coastal boundary layer jet (CBLJ) (~8 m s−1) off the southeastern coast of China (around 28°N, 122°E) is found from the July 2006–11 hourly model data simulated by the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF-ARW) with a 9-km horizontal grid. The southerly CBLJ has a jet core at the 925-hPa level, located along the western periphery of the west Pacific subtropical high (WPSH). The CBLJ is mainly contributed by large-scale enhancement by diurnal forcing and orographic effects by the coastal terrain along the southeastern China coast and the terrain of Taiwan.Although the geostrophic winds offshore are faster in the afternoon due to the larger east–west pressure gradient caused by land surface heating over the China plain, the CBLJ has a nocturnal (~0200 LST) maximum. In the afternoon hours, easterly ageostrophic winds driven by differential land–sea thermal heating develop at low levels. After sunset, with the disappearance of land surface heating, the ageostrophic win.
Significance of Risks in Transportation Projects in Vietnam through two main Dimensions

Risk in transportation projects is a common and serious problem recently, affecting project objectives such as causing cost increases, delays in progress, unsatisfactory quality and conflicts in relationships among stakeholders. In particular, these risks often occur during the project construction phase, which is the most complex phase and includes many works. In Vietnam, there were many transportation projects confronted with risks and affected project deliverables. Therefore, it is important to control the risks which may occur in transportation projects, especially in the construction phase. This study aims at investigating the significance of risks in transportation projects through two main dimensions of risks, including the probability of occurrence and the severity of impact. Management strategies for the top-five most important risk are suggested as a guideline for related stakeholders. The research findings would benefit practitioners as well as authorities set up suitable policies to ensure the success of transportation projects.
Effects of PCSK9 Inhibition on Coronary Atherosclerosis Regression of Nontarget Lesions after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients

Aims To evaluate the regression of coronary atherosclerosis with proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Methods and Result. We examined 40 nontarget lesions in 17 ACS patients who underwent PPCI and were treated with PCSK9 inhibitors. At 1 year, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and atherogenic index (AI) decreased significantly by 2.5 mmol/L, 2.01 mmol/L, and 1.86, respectively. On quantitative coronary angiography, treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors reduced significantly the atherosclerotic area stenosis in nontarget lesions (61.18 ± 14.55 at baseline vs. 52.85 ± 15.51 at 1 year, P < 0.001). Conclusions After 1 year of PCSK9 inhibition treatment for ACS patients, the area stenosis of non-TLR was considerably reduced.
Part Recognition in Additive Production Systems using a Computer-vision Approach

Nowadays, additive manufacturing is becoming increasingly important in various industries, e.g., automotive, aerospace, and dental. In particular, powder bed-based additive manufacturing processes for polymers have gained acceptance, as the technology itself offers high productivity and thus a high potential for industrialization. However, the technology is utilized in so-called additive production systems, in which a lack of standardization in the digital and physical processes is common these days. One example is the part recognition within the powder-bed-based process chain. Today, this task is done completely by manual labor, resulting in increased costs. Different approaches for simplifying this step have been evaluated in research, but there has not been discussed an app-based approach for this recognition task. Accordingly, in this paper, an approach for an app-based recognition system is presented, optimized, and benchmarked to existing solutions.
Full description of the polarisation state in multiple scattering photon transport

The vector equation is the best model known for describing the diffusion of incoherent photon beams. In this article, a brief overview of the Boltzmann transport equation (scalar and vector) will be given. Then, it will be described the state-of-the-art of the transport codes we developed at Bologna based on this model. Finally, the application of the codes will be illustrated with some examples.
Livelihood assets and food consumption level of slum dwellers in some selected areas of Dhaka city of Bangladesh

This study analyzes the socioeconomic characteristics, identifies the livelihood assets, determines the calorie intake level, and identifies the problems and constraints faced by the slum dwellers among randomly selected 60 households from Korail and Noyapara slums in Dhaka city. The study result reveals that the low share of old people in slums is nothing but a result of bad living and health conditions in slums. A very large share (almost 90 percent) of slum dwellers having less than 10 years of schooling is explained as an alarming sign. The amount of money the slum dwellers earn is 6 times lower compared to the average national income, which affects the slum dweller in a multidimensional way. For most of the key influencers of livelihood, this study finds that slum dwellers live in a vulnerable situation. Regarding calorie intake, about 90 percent of the total slum population belongs to ultra-poor, hard-core poor, and absolute poor categories, which need immediate action. As for problems and constraints, most of the slum dwellers indicate inadequate income, lack of housing space, water crisis, and lack of proper sanitation as their major problems.
Rigorous Mathematical Thinking: Conceptual Knowledge and Reasoning in the Case of Mathematical Proof

This study aims to analyze in-depth students' conceptual knowledge and reasoning when solving problems using mathematical proof as a rigorous mathematical thinking paradigm. The research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach that analyzes the mathematical proof ability of nine students who represent different cognitive functions from each level of rigorous mathematical thinking. The results showed that each level of rigorous mathematical thinking meant other indicators according to their ability to master conceptual knowledge and implement mathematical ideas through reasoning. This research has an impact on the treatment that the teacher must give in determining the learning model and evaluation instrument that can raise students' conceptual knowledge and reasoning.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara mendalam pengetahuan konseptual dan penalaran siswa ketika memecahkan masalah menggunakan pembuktian matematis sebagai paradigma berpikir matematis yang ketat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus yang menganalisis kemampuan pembuktian matematis sembilan siswa yang mewakili fungsi kognitif yang berbeda dari setiap tingkat pemikiran matematis yang teliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap tingkat berpikir matematis yang teliti berarti indikator lain sesuai dengan kemampuannya untuk menguasai pengetahuan konseptual dan mengimplementasikan ide-ide matematika melalui penalaran. Penelitian ini berdampak pada perlakuan yang harus diberikan guru dalam menentukan model pembelajaran dan instrumen evaluasi yang dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan konseptual dan penalaran siswa.
Punching shear analysis of slab‐column connections

Purpose – The paper aims to present an experimental testing program regarding reinforced concrete slabs, with and without shear reinforcement, submitted to punching under both symmetric and eccentric loading. Comparisons between numerical simulations and experimental behaviour results are carried on. The capabilities and limitations of the numerical model to reproduce the brittle punching‐shear failure are discussed.Design/methodology/approach – The paper opted for a performance assessment of a numerical model, comparing FEM results with known experimental tests properly instrumented. Capability of DIANA software to simulate the punching behaviour of slabs is discussed.Findings – The paper demonstrates that the mechanical properties assigned to the element layer containing the bending reinforcement impose the load deflection stiffness behaviour. Good agreement was found between the predicted and the observed deformation behaviour. Nevertheless, the reproduction of the punching ultimate capacity is strongl.
Elementary source‐type solutions of the reduced wave equation

A class of exact and elementary solutions of the reduced wave equation exhibiting source‐type behavior is obtained which considerably enlarges the catalogue of known elementary solutions for layered media, and which provides the first such example known for a medium possessing variability both in range (x) and depth (y). The medium, in general, is an unbounded one in which the square of the refractive index (n) is specified as an arbitrary biquadratic form in x and y. We are then able to obtain an elementary solution for a line source extending at right angles to the x–y plane. When n is independent of x (layered medium), we show that the solution for point‐source excitation can be obtained in a similar form. We treat in some detail the cases: (i) n2 = 1−y2, corresponding to a sound‐channel profile, which provides an example of cusped‐caustic formation in the ray interpretation; and (ii) n2 = 1+y2, corresponding to a sound‐barrier profile, which provides an example of the phenomenon known as ’’tunneling. ’.
On the Concept of Following Logically

We provide for the first time an exact translation into English of the Polish version of Alfred Tarski's classic 1936 paper, whose title we translate as ‘On the Concept of Following Logically’. We also provide in footnotes an exact translation of all respects in which the German version, used as the basis of the previously published and rather inexact English translation, differs from the Polish. Although the two versions are basically identical, to an extent that is even uncanny, we note more than 400 differences. Several dozen of these are substantive differences due to revisions by Tarski to the Polish version which he did not incorporate in the German version. With respect to these revisions the Polish version should be regarded as more authoritative than the German. Hence scholars limited to an English translation should use ours.
How Properties Emerge

A framework for representing a specific kind of emergent property instance is given. A solution to a generalized version of the exclusion argument is then provided and it is shown that upwards and downwards causation is unproblematical for that kind of emergence. One real example of this kind of emergence is briefly described and the suggestion made that emergence may be more common than current opinions allow.