Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Salinity Differences on Phytoplankton Density (Skeletonema costatum)

This study aims to determine the effect of differences in salinity on the density of phytoplankton (Skeletonema costatum). The method in this study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The parameters tested included the density rate of Skeletonema costatum. Data analysis uses One Way Anova to see the significance of the influence of treatment on the density of Skeletonema costatum and the density results of Skeletonema Costatum was analyzed descriptively. The highest average density of Skeletonema costatum was obtained at a salinity of 30 ppt (90,000 cells/ml), followed by a salinity of 25 ppt (Control) at (42,500 cells/ml), then a salinity of 20 ppt at (37,500 cells/ml) and the lowest at salinity 15 ppt of (32,500 cells/ml). Based on the ANOVA test, salinity had a significant effect on the density of Skeletonema costatum (P<0.05) with the best treatment being 30 ppt salinity. The results of analysis of Skeletonema costatum, a salinity of 30 ppt obtained the highest density
Topotype specimens probably attributable to the giant azhdarchid pterosaur Arambourgiania philadelphiae (Arambourg 1959)

Abstract Six specimens accessioned to the Bavarian State Collection for Palaeontology and Geology in Munich, Germany, in 1966 are identified as coming from a gigantic pterodactyloid pterosaur. The previously undescribed material was obtained in 1955 by Jean Otto Haas and compares favourably in size with the type specimen of the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) azhdarchid pterosaur Arambourgiania philadelphiae (Arambourg 1959) from the same locality/region. The material represents fragments of two cervical vertebrae, a neural arch, a left femur, a ? radius, and a metacarpal IV and bones of problematic identity, and does not duplicate the type material of Arambourgiania. The timing of its collection and its locality of Ruseifa, Jordan suggest it might pertain to the same individual as the holotype.
5. Residential Mobility and Ozone Exposure: Challenges for Environmental Justice Policy

U.S. Census data show that approximately 40 million Americans move each year, raising questions about the role of residential mobility in determining observed pollution exposure patterns. The literature in this area continues to be contested, the relationship between household sorting and exposure is still not well understood, and some aspects of these decisions remain unexplored. We offer new assessments of residential mobility explanations with respect to ozone pollution using a unique data set that combines information from repeat real estate transactions by the same San Francisco Bay Area home buyers. We find that poor/minority households (blacks/Hispanics in particular) who buy more housing services do take on more ozone pollution. Observed housing choices suggest that this may be a result of the rates at which ozone and housing services are traded in the market being different for poor minorities and white homeowners. JEL Classification Codes: Q52, Q53, Q56, R21, R23
Optimal Antithrombotic Strategies in Cardiogenic Shock

Cardiogenic shock (CS) represents a critical condition with a high mortality rate. The most common cause of CS is coronary artery disease, and patients typically present with myocardial infarction, necessitating immediate treatment through percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and often requiring mechanical circulatory support. CS is associated with a prothrombotic situation, while on the other hand, there is often a significant risk of bleeding. This dual challenge complicates the selection of an optimal antithrombotic strategy. The choice of antithrombotic agents must be personalized, taking into consideration all relevant conditions. Repeated risk assessment, therapeutic monitoring, and adjusting antithrombotic therapy are mandatory in these patients. This review article aims to provide an overview of the current evidence and practical guidance on antithrombotic strategies in the context of CS.
The Prospective Effect of Green Tea versus Pomegranate Peels Extracts on Submandibular Salivary Glands of Albino Rats after Methotrexate Administration (Histological and Immunohistochemical Study)

Background There is curiosity in the use of substances that can stop cell damage. Antioxidants are substances that can prevent free radicals from damaging cells, and they can be used to treat and avoid a wide variety of illnesses. Objectives The current investigation set out to evaluate the histological changes brought on by a single high dose of methotrexate in the submandibular glands of rats treated with green tea and pomegranate peel extract, both are well-known as antioxidants. Materials and Methods Forty-eight healthy Albino rats were used in the current study. Animals were divided into six groups. Group 1: Vehicle group which is control group, Group 2: methotrexate treated group, Group 3: green tea control group, Group 4: pomegranate peel extract control group, Group 5: green tea + methotrexate group, and Group 6: pomegranate peel extract + methotrexate group. Rats of all groups were left 1 week after the end of the treatment. Cervical dislocation was used to kill all of the rats. Samples were gained from the rats' submandibular salivary glands of different groups for histological and immunohistochemical evaluation. Results Green tea + methotrexate group showed improvement in the histological picture of the submandibular salivary gland compared to methotrexate group and the pomegranate peel extract + methotrexate group. Conclusion The antioxidant activity of green tea is more potent than that of pomegranate peels extract in blocking methotrexate that induced cytotoxicity in the submandibular salivary glands of rats. As a result, it can be administered to people undergoing cancer treatment as a safeguard for their salivary glands.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUBLIC DEBT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN KENYA BY: OCHIEL ONESMUS OCHIENG’ A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, SCHOOL OF BUSINESS UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI

Public debt is one of the main macroeconomic indicators, which forms countries’ image in international markets. It is one of the inward foreign direct investment flow determinants. A prudent public debt management helps economic growth and stability through mobilizing resources with low borrowing cost and limiting financial risk exposure. The objective of this study was to establish the relationship between public debt and economic growth in Kenya. The study used secondary data collected from various sources collected from the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics and the Central Bank of Kenya. The study period included 2002/2003-2011/2012 financial periods. The data was collected using data collection sheet which was edited, coded and cleaned. Data was obtained covering the period 1992/1993-2011/2012 financial periods. To establish the relationship between public debt and economic development, the study conducted a regression analysis. Domestic debt is characterized by higher interest rates compared with those on external debt, which is contracted mainly on concessional terms, and it is therefore expensive to maintain. Domestic debt reduction could be achieved using proceeds from the privatization programme of public corporations, or the use of externally borrowed resources which are mainly on concessional terms to retire more expensive domestic debt. The government should therefore develop a framework for recording and monitoring all contingent liabilities and also formulate and implement a policy for management of the contingent liabilities. The government should therefore continue to implement wider reforms that promote investment in Treasury bonds, and encourage institutional investors such as pension funds and insurance companies to invest in Treasury bonds.
Microstructural characterisation of the Ypresian clays (Kallo-1) at nanometre resolution, using broad-ion beam milling and scanning electron microscopy

Abstract Besides the Oligocene Boom Clay, the Ypresian clays – part of the Eocene Ieper Group (Kortrijk Formation and Kortemark Member) – are currently being investigated as an alternative host rock for the deep geological disposal of radioactive waste in Belgium and the Netherlands. In this study, broad-ion-beam milling and high resolution scanning electron microscopy (BIB-SEM) analyses were carried out to analyse the mineral fabrics and microstructures of representative Ypresian clay samples from different depths of the ON-Kallo-1 borehole (Kallo, Belgium). Qualitative microstructural observations indicate that mineral fabrics and pore morphologies in fine-grained samples are comparable to those found for fine-grained Boom Clay, but most of the Ypresian clay samples analysed also contained a significant silt fraction, which is associated with larger inter-aggregate pores, coated by a thin, very low porous clay layer. Quantitative pore-shape analysis shows lower axial ratios and elongations, as well as higher roundness and circularities for pores in the clay matrix of the more coarse-grained samples, compared to the fine-grained samples. The contribution of large pores (>1 × 107 nm² pore area) to the total BIB-SEM observed porosity was found to correlate with the non-clay mineral (NCM) content of a sample. Frequencies of pore sizes within the clay matrix follow a power-law distribution, hinting towards the possibility of up-scaling of the nanometre-scale observations to larger scale (micro-) structural features of the material. Power-law exponents are comparable to values found for power-law pore-size distributions within the clay matrix of the Boom Clay, which indicates similarity of the pore-space morphologies within the clay matrix of the Boom Clay and the Ypresian clays. Wood's metal injection, followed by (cooled BIB)-SEM analysis shows that all visible pores are connected via pore throats of diameter down to ~10 nm.
Estimation of genetic parameters for fertility traits in Chinese Holstein of south China

Introduction: Chinese Holstein in South China suffer heat stress for a long period, which leads to evolutionary differences from Chinese Holstein in North China. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of fertility traits for Chinese Holstein in South China. Methods: A total of 167,840 Chinese Holstein heifers and cows from Guangming Animal Husbandry Co., LTD farms were used in this study. The fertility traits analyzed were calving interval (CI), days open (DO), age of first service (AFS), age of first calving (AFC), calving to first insemination (CTFS), first insemination to conception (FSTC), gestation length (GL), non-return rate to 56 days (NRR), and number of services (NS). Results: The descriptive statistics revealed that the same trait in heifers performed better than in cows, which was consistent with the other studies. The heritabilities of fertility traits in this study ranged from close to 0 (for NS of cows) to 0.2474 (for AFC of heifers). The genetic correlation of NRR between heifers and cows was 0.9993, which indicates that the NRR for heifers and cows could be treated as one trait in this population. Conclusion: The heritabilities of fertility traits in Chinese Holstein in south China were quite different from the heritabilities of fertility traits in North China. NRR56, NS, AFC, and CI were suggested to be included into the selection index to improve fertility performance of Chinsese Holstein of south China. The results of this study could provide genetic parameters for the animal breeding program of Chinese Holstein in the south of China.
Parental Financial Monitoring and Financial Literacy: The Moderating Effects of Parental Income

The moderating effect of parental income on parental financial monitoring and financial literacy is increasingly becoming important. This study determined whether the relationship between parental financial monitoring and financial literacy is moderated by parental income. Quantitative research approach was adopted. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Moderated regression analysis was used to analyse data. The results showed that Parental income moderated the relationship of Parental financial monitoring with financial knowledge, financial behaviour, and financial attitude. Furthermore, the results indicated that parental income did not moderate the relationship of Parental financial monitoring and financial decision-making. Therefore, the overall results indicated that the relationship between parental financial monitoring and financial literacy is moderated by parental income. This study is the first to investigate whether the relationship between parental financial monitoring and financial literacy is moderated by parental income. This study concluded by providing recommendations and suggestions for future research.
Activated alumina as adsorbent for fluoride and nitrate ions removal from synthesized photovoltaic cells manufacturing effluents

Considerable volumes of ultrapure water and chemicals are necessary during photovoltaic cells manufacturing, consequently a large amount of wastewater needs to be treated. The present study investigates the activated alumina for fluoride and nitrate ions contaminate adsorptions. Analyses of experimental data were done in order to understand the adsorption phenomena in which pollut-ants forms intermediates molecules by reacting onto the adsorbent surface, that intermediates reaction can be expressed by Langmuir and Freundlich’s adsorption isotherms models. While both ions were found to be adsorbed following the Langmuir model, the nitrates’ elimination was found to be more so consistent with the Freundlich model. A significant nitrate ions removal percentage (near to 67%), and an adsorption capacity more than 1.8 mg/g were attained; while for the fluoride ions removal an additional treatment is necessary since a lower removal percentage was obtained with an adsorption capacity of 0.2 mg/g, and using a longer treatment time; also the concentration of fluoride ions in the treated solutions are higher than that recommended by World Health Organization. These results can be used to improve the pollutants removal recoveries at continuous mode and at a large scale. When one considers an additional suitable treatment, the obtained treated ultrapure water can be envisaged to be recycled into the process. Furthermore, from a techno-economic point of view, the cost of the photovoltaic cells production should decrease considerably, since ultra-pure water is expensive and its consumption is high in this industry.
Variable Considerations in ASC 606, Earnings Management and Business Continuity during Crisis

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) released Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, with the aim of enhancing transparency to provide fairer representation and inhibit the misuse of revenues to manipulate earnings. During COVID-19, variable considerations in ASC 606 were used to manage earnings as a tool to help firms survive. The study aimed to test the mediating role of earnings management in influencing the effect of variable considerations in ASC 606 on the continuity of the firm. An online questionnaire was sent to financial reporting preparers in US public shareholding firms; 403 valid questionnaires were received. The results of PLS-SEM revealed that crises such as COVID-19 have highlighted the way in which variable considerations in ASC 606 were exploited to manage firms’ earnings to ensure their survival. Companies resort to showing their best financial performance, beautifying its financial reports by manipulating profits, using flexibility in accounting policies, but this may negatively affect the country’s entire economy by collapsing companies and creating more financial crises that cannot be easily addressed.
Low-Frequency Noise Due to Iron Impurity Centers in GaN-Based HEMTs

Commercial Schottky-gate AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) exhibit a large peak in low-frequency (LF) noise magnitude at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim $ </tex-math></inline-formula>325 K. An activation energy of 0.56 ± 0.05 eV is determined for the responsible generation–recombination (G–R) center via Arrhenius analysis. Comparisons with first-principles calculations and complementary experimental studies show that this G–R center is due to substitutional iron impurities, FeGa. Independent determination of the activation energy for this prominent noise peak enables recalibration of the Dutta–Horn model of LF noise for GaN-based HEMTs and a downward revision by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim $ </tex-math></inline-formula>20% of past LF-noise estimates of effective defect energies. The resulting LF-noise-derived defect-energy distributions are consistent with deep-level-transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements on GaN-based diodes before and after 1.8-MeV proton irradiation. The activation of FeGa-related centers via defect dehydrogenation during high-voltage stress is demonstrated via LF noise measurements on AlGaN/GaN-on-SiC HEMTs.
Environmental and vegetational gradients on an Arizona ponderosa pine landscape: Implications for ecological restoration

This research was performed in northern Arizona ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests to enhance the ecological basis for restoration projects currently ongoing in these forests. My objectives were to: (i) develop a forest ecosystem classification on a 110,000-ha ponderosa pine landscape, (ii) determine geomorphic and soil gradients associated with the distribution of plant communities on this landscape, (iii) assess potential contributions of the soil seed bank for reestablishing understory communities, and (iv) determine understory responses to forest-floor manipulations in an existing ecological restoration experiment. I identified 10 landscape ecosystem types on this landscape, ranging from black cinders/Phacelia ecosystems low in available moisture and total N, to mesic basalt/Festuca and aspen/Lathyrus ecosystems. Distribution of plant communities was chiefly correlated with soil texture and resource levels reflecting influences of parent materials. Soil seed bank composition was partly ecosystem-specific, and was dominated by graminoids and short-lived forbs such as aspen fleabane (Erigeron divergens). I did not detect any short-term (2 year) treatment effects on understory vegetation in the forest-floor manipulation experiment.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Berbasis Literasi Digital Dengan Model Project Based Learning pada Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri Secang 1

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif melalui literasi digital dengan penerapan model Project Based Learning siswa kelas V SD Negeri Secang 1. Tindakan ini dilakukan karena rendahnya kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa, yang berakibat pada penurunan hasil belajar. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian tindakan kelas kolaboratif. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus yang mencakup serangkaian persiapan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Proses pengumpulan data menggunakan beberapa metode yaitu observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi pembelajaran berbasis proyek dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif dan hasil belajar siswa. Peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif dalam pembelajaran IPAS dilihat melalui perkembangan kegiatan pra-siklus sebesar 36,8%. Peningkatan ini kemudian menjadi 73,7% pada siklus I, dan akhirnya menjadi 100% pada siklus II. Hasil belajar siswa juga menunjukkan perkembangan yang signifikan. Awalnya pada pra-siklus, hasil belajar mencapai 47,37%. Namun setelah pelaksanaan siklus I terjadi peningkatan sebesar 73,68%. Peningkatan ini terus berlanjut pada siklus II sebesar 94,74%.
Awareness of Hepatitis C Among the General Population of Riyadh, KSA, in 2023: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Hepatitis C, a highly contagious viral infection transmitted through blood-to-blood contact, poses a significant threat to public health owing to its potential to induce extensive liver damage, leading to the development of life-threatening conditions such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, commonly known as liver cancer. Objective This cross-sectional study aims to assess the level of awareness of hepatitis C among the general population in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methodology The study was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A national cross-sectional survey was conducted using a predesigned self-administered validated electronic questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed electronically to the general population from April to September 2023. Results Out of the 800 participants, most were females (472, 59%), and the largest age group was between 23 and 29 years old (305, 38.1%). Saudi Arabians constituted the highest proportion of participants (609, 76.1%), and most participants were single (437, 54.6%). In terms of occupational status, 288 (36%) worked in occupations not listed. The study found that 463 (57.9%) participants had a low level of awareness about the global prevalence of hepatitis C. Additionally, 489 (61.1%) were aware that hepatitis C can cause both acute and chronic hepatitis, and 441 (55.1%) knew that most infected patients may develop chronic hepatitis. A majority (484, 60.5%) were aware of the importance of washing with soap and water after an accidental needle stick injury. Most participants (574, 71.8%) were aware of the common modes of hepatitis C transmission, such as unsterilized instruments, needle stick injuries, and sharing contaminated needles during drug use. Furthermore, 548 (73%) were aware of the transmission risk through unscreened blood transfusion, and 561 (70.1%) were aware of the higher risk of infection for individuals with multiple sexual partners. Conclusion The study highlights a low level of awareness among participants regarding the treatment and prevention of hepatitis C. To address the low level of awareness regarding the treatment and prevention of hepatitis C, targeted strategies and interventions are needed. This includes the development and implementation of public awareness campaigns, creation of informative educational materials, specialized training programs for healthcare professionals, establishment of support groups and counseling services for individuals living with hepatitis C, and continued support for research efforts and knowledge dissemination. By increasing awareness about hepatitis C, its treatment, and prevention, we can improve outcomes for individuals affected by the disease and reduce its overall burden on communities.