Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wireless Capsule Endoscopy Multiclass Classi�cation Using 3D Deep CNN Model

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a patient-friendly and non-invasive technology that scans the whole of the gastrointestinal tract, including dicult-to-access regions like the small bowel. The major drawback of this technology is that the visual inspection of a large number of video frames produced during each examination makes the physician diagnosis process tedious and prone to error. Several computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems, such as deep network models, have been developed for the automatic recognition of abnormalities in WCE frames. Nevertheless, most of these studies have only focused on spatial information within individual WCE frames, missing the crucial temporal data within consecutive frames. In this article an automatic multiclass classi�cation system based on a 3D deep convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) is proposed, which utilizes the spatiotemporal information to facilitate the WCE diagnosis process. 3D-CNN model is fed with a series of sequential WCE frames in contrast to the 2D model, which exploits frames as independent ones. Moreover, the proposed 3D deep model is compared with some pre-trained networks. The proposed models are trained and evaluated with 29 subject WCE videos (14691 frames before augmentation). The performance advantages of 3D-CNN over 2D-CNN and pre-trained networks are veri�ed in terms of sensitivity, speci�city, and accuracy. 3D-CNN outperforms the 2D technique in all evaluation metrics (Sensitivity: 98.92 vs. 98.05, Speci�city: 99.50 vs. 86.94, Accuracy: 99.20 vs. 92.60). In conclusion, a novel 3D-CNN model for lesion detection in WCE frames is proposed in this study. The results indicate the performance of 3D-CNN over 2D-CNN and some well-known pre-trained classi�er networks. The proposed 3D-CNN model uses the rich temporal information in adjacent frames as well as spatial data to develop an accurate and e�cient model.
The structure of a calsequestrin ﬁlament reveals mechanisms of familial arrhythmia

Mutations in the calcium-binding protein calsequestrin cause a highly lethal familial arrhythmia, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). In vivo, calsequestrin multimerizes into ﬁlaments, but a compelling atomic-resolution structure of a calsequestrin ﬁlament is lacking. We report a crystal structure of a cardiac calsequestrin ﬁlament with supporting mutation analysis provided by an in vitro ﬁlamentation assay. We also report and characterize a novel disease-associated calsequestrin mutation, S173I, which localizes to the ﬁlament-forming interface. In addition, we show that a previously reported dominant disease mutation, K180R, maps to the same multimerization surface. Both mutations disrupt ﬁlamentation, suggesting that dominant disease arises from defects in multimer formation. A ytterbium-derivatized structure pinpoints multiple credible calcium sites at ﬁlament-forming interfaces, explaining the atomic basis of calsequestrin ﬁlamentation in the presence of calcium. This work
ICE-Pick: Iterative Cost-Efficient Pruning for DNNs

Pruning is one of the main compression methods for Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), where less relevant parameters are removed from a DNN model to reduce its memory footprint. To get better final accuracy, pruning is often performed iteratively with increasing amounts of parameters being removed in each step, and fine-tuning (i.e., additional training epochs) being applied to the remaining parameters. However, this process can be very time-consuming, since the fine-tuning process is applied after every pruning step and calculates gradients for the whole model. Motivated by these overheads, in this paper we propose ICE-Pick, a novel threshold-guided fine-tuning method which freezes less sensitive layers and leverages a custom pruning-aware learning rate scheduler. We evaluate ICE-Pick using ResNet-110, ResNet-152, and MobileNetV2 (all defined for CIFAR-10), and show that it can save up to 87.6% of the pruning time while maintaining accuracy.
Factors related to positive airway pressure adherence in patients with obstructive sleep apnea at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the most common chronic respiratory disorders worldwide (1) , with a 14.0 - 55.0% increase from the early 1990s to the late 2000s. Untreated OSA is associated with long-term health consequences, including atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, stroke, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and diabetes mellitus. (2) In addition, cognitive dysfunction, impaired workplace productivity, and increased risk of motor vehicle accidents are associated with untreated OSA. (3) Other consequences of OSA include impaired vigilance, daytime somnolence, performance deficits, morning headaches, mood disturbances, neurobehavioral impairments, and general malaise. Additionally, the economic impact of OSA on the health system is
Differentiation of Heterodera glycines races by metabolomics

The nematode Heterodera glycines is one of the main phytosanitary problems of soybean and the main management strategy is the use of pathogen resistant cultivars. For this, it is necessary to characterize the populations of H. glycines. Race determination schemes present �aws and there is a demand for more practical methods. This study objective was to identify possible target metabolites for the characterization of populations of H. glycines. For this, the metabolic pro�le of the H. glycines races present in the Brazilian territory was analyzed by High-Performance Gas Chromatography linked to Mass Spectrometry and contrasted with a database. The results showed different metabolites pro�les with the potential to be used as indicators of the races determined by the differentiating cultivars method. The concentrations patterns of metabolites found were different among the races analyzed and allow the individualization of each race within a single pro�le. These �ndings indicate the possibility of race discrimination based on metabolomics tests. Further investigations may provide fundamental information in the development of new rapid tests for the determination of H. glycines races.
Household Attributes in a Transit-oriented Development: Evidence from Taipei

This empirical study of the Metro Danshui Line in Taipei analyzed the attributes of households residing in " areas with significant attributes of TOD built environment " (TOD +) by applying a questionnaire survey and binary logit model. The empirical results were the following: household income, household size, and floor space needs are negatively associated with TOD + ; the presence of children or elderly family members and preference for dense development, mixed land use and public facilities are positively related to TOD +. Based on the empirical findings of this study and the objective of deploying TODs near metro stations, general strategic directions for land use planning and property marketing are recommended to government agencies and real estate developers.
Aberrant Histone Modi�cation of TNFAIP3, TLR4, TNIP2, miR-146a, and miR-155 in Major Depressive Disorder

Activated toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling has been well investigated in major depressive disorder (MDD). We previously reported that TNFAIP3, TLR4, TNIP2, miR-146a, and miR-155 play important roles in regulating the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway and may serve as novel targets in the pathogenesis of MDD. Recently, aberrant histone modi�cation has been implicated in several psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and mood disorder; the most thoroughly studied modi�cation is histone 3 lysine 4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3). In this work, we aimed to explore H3K4me3 differences in the promotors of genes encoding the abovementioned factors in patients with MDD, and whether they were altered after antidepressant treatment. A total of 28 MDD patients and 28 healthy controls were recruited. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected. The levels of H3K4me3 in the promoters of TNFAIP3, TLR4, TNIP2, miR-146a, and miR-155were measured through chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by DNA methylation assay. Analysis of covariance was used to evaluate between-group differences after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and smoking. In comparison with healthy controls, patients with MDD showed signi�cantly lower H3K4me3 levels in the promoters of TNFAIP3, TLR4, TNIP2, miR-146a, and miR-155 in PBMCs. These levels were not signi�cantly altered after completion of a 4-week antidepressant treatment. To explore the association between depression severity and H3K4me3 levels, a multiple linear regression model was generated. The results revealed that levels of H3K4me3 in the TNIP2 promoters a negative correlation with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAND-17) score, whereas that of TLR4 had a positive correlation with this score. The present results suggest that decreased H3K4me3 levels in the promoters of the genes encoding TNFAIP3, TLR4, miR-146a, miR-155, andTNIP2 may be a mechanism underlying the mRNA expression dysregulation reported in MDD patients.
Dietary tryptophan catabolite released by intratumoral Lactobacillus reuteri facilitates αPD-L1 therapy

The gut microbiome has been identi�ed as a critical factor in�uencing cancer patient responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy; however, the underlying mechanisms of how gut microbes modulate ICI therapy e�cacy remain enigmatic. Here, we show that gut-commensal Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) translocates to melanoma tumors where it mediates antitumor interferon-γ-producing CD8 T cell (Tc1 cell) immunity and facilitates ICI therapy via its released aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand, indole-3-aldehyde (I3A). This dietary tryptophan (Trp) catabolite is necessary and su�cient for antitumor immunity, and AhR signaling within CD8 T cells is required for L. reuteri to suppress melanoma growth. Further, a Trp-enriched diet potentiated L. reuteri-and ICI-induced antitumor immunity. Finally, we uncovered a role of I3A in promoting ICI therapy responses and survival in advanced melanoma patients. Collectively, our �ndings elucidate a novel crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment between the microbial metabolite I3A and CD8 T cells that facilitates ICI therapy e�cacy, paving the way for dietary-and probiotic-based cancer therapeutics.
Effects of Betaine Supplementation to Broiler Diets Under Heat Stress

Betaine is an osmoregulatory substance obtained from some natural plant materials such as sugar beet, regulating intracellular biochemical events by attracting water. Due to this important function of betaine in water balance, it may play an important role in maintaining the body water balance of birds under heat stress. On the other hand, since betaine is a good methyl donor, some essential nutrients such as methionine and choline can be saved in the diet, or they can serve as complementary substances in the deficiency of these nutrients. Previous studies have shown that the addition of betaine can make significant contributions to the nutrition of broiler chickens in heat stress situations. The effects that may occur, especially when the body needs methyl groups, may be more pronounced. Dietary betaine supplementation increases live weight gain and breast muscle efficiency, improves feed efficiency and reduces fat content in broilers. The osmoregulatory function of betaine, immune system disorders, low immune strength, reducing respiratory alkalosis, oxidative stress and intestinal microbiome changes caused by heat stress. In this study, some evaluations were made in terms of the use of betaine in broiler diets to meet the performance and physiological needs of animals.
effects of exercise intensity on postexercise hypotension after resistance training session in overweight hypertensive patients

: Among all nonpharmacological treatments, aerobic or resistance training (RT) has been indicated as a significantly important strategy to control hypertension. However, postexercise hypotension responses after intensity alterations in RT are not yet fully understood. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of differing intensities of RT on hypertensive older women. Twenty hypertensive older women participated voluntarily in this study. After a maximum voluntary contraction test (one repetition maximum) and determination of 40% and 80% experimental loads, the protocol (3 sets/90 ″ interset rest) was performed in a single session with the following exercises: leg press, leg extension, leg curl, chest press, elbow flexion, elbow extension, upper back row, and abdominal flexion. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were evaluated at rest, during exercise peak, and after 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes of exercise and compared to the control. Both experimental loads were effective ( P , 0.01) in promoting postexercise systolic hypotension (mmHg) compared to controls, after 30, 45, and 60 minutes, respectively, at 40% (113 ± 2, 112 ± 4, and 110 ± 3 mmHg) and 80% (111 ± 3, 111 ± 4, and 110 ± 4 mmHg). Both procedures promoted hypotension with similar systolic blood pressures (40%: − 11% ± 1.0% and 80%: − 13% ± 0.5%), mean arterial blood pressures (40%: − 12% ± 5.5% and 80%: − 12% ± 3.4%), and rate-pressure products (40%: − 15% ± 2.1% and 80%: − 17% ± 2.4%) compared to control measures (systolic blood pressure: 1% ± 1%, mean arterial blood pressure: 0.6% ± 1.5%, rate-pressure product: 0.33% ± 1.1%). No differences were found in diastolic blood pressure and heart rate measures. In conclusion, hypertensive older women exhibit postexercise hypotension independently of exercise intensity without expressed cardiovascular overload during the session.
Moderated group chat: an empirical assessment of a new e‐service encounter

In this paper, the focus is on a new type of electronic service encounter called Moderated Group Chat (MGC). MGC is defined as on‐line, real‐time interactions between groups of customers with an active coordinating role for a company representative and a commercial objective. Based on the technology acceptance model, we develop a conceptual framework and examine empirically which factors drive customer satisfaction with MGC sessions. Particularly, we look at the impact of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived enjoyment on customer satisfaction. As MGC involves multiple participants and interactions take place within an electronic group environment, predictor‐criterion relationships may vary between individual‐ and group‐level or shared perceptions. Therefore, the relationships between aforementioned determinants and chat session satisfaction are tested using a multi‐level model. In addition, group size was included as a control variable. Finally, since chat is an innovative service delivery channel, we also took a number of customer characteristics (i.e. innovativeness, experience with investing and experience with chat) into account. Whereas we find support for a positive impact of the majority of predictor variables on chat session satisfaction, the precise nature of the relationship varies across levels. Moreover, while group size is positively related to satisfaction, experience with investing exhibits a weakly negative relationship.
Deriving the Eustatic Sea Level Component in the Kattaegatt Sea

Changes in global sea level is an issue of much controversy. In the Kattegatt Sea, the glacial isostatic component factor is well established and the axis of tilting has remained stable for the last 8000 years. At the point of zero regional crustal movements, there are three tide gauges indicating a present rise in sea level of 0.8 to 0.9 mm/yr for the last 125 years. This value provides a firm record of the regional eustatic rise in sea level in this part of the globe.
Black bear (Ursus americanus) ecology in Southern Grand Teton National Park

Black bears (Ursus americanus) in Grand Teton National Park (GRTE), Wyoming occupy an environment that is changing due to human pressure and environmental variability. I analyzed activity patterns, food habits, and habitat use of black bears in southern GRTE, trying to identify if human recreation impacted these patterns. I studied 9 black bears equipped with spread spectrum technology (SS) collars from June, 2005 to October, 2006. Each collar contained -15° head to tail activity switch, a GPS radio receiver, and an independent very high frequency (VHF) transmitter. I used logistic regression on a sample of bear locations that were field-verified as active or resting to determine a break point to classify all locations as resting or active based upon activity counts. My discriminant analysis indicated that bears were likely resting if their recorded activity count was <16.5. I used logistic regression to determine which factors were most responsible for missed fixes. Overall, bear activity levels were consistent regardless of their distance from roads, human developments, and trails. Bears fed on a wide range of foods including vegetation, insects, and mammals that were seasonally abundant. Graminoids and ants were important food sources for black bears in the spring and summer. I used the Mahalanobis Distances Factor Analysis (MADIFA) to quantitatively break down the D 2 statistic into linear combinations to determine the impact of each variable on D 2 . My models displayed areas of high use (i.e. larger D 2 values), in forested regions adjacent to trails and roads. Several axes in different linear combinations, including habitat and human use covariates, are present in the analysis. This suggests that a complexity exists for black bear habitat use, beyond proximity to human use activities. Therefore it would be an oversimplification to conclude that black bears only utilize areas close to trails and/or roads in southern GRTE.
Using LEXSY plasmids for sodb1 gene silencing in Leishmania tropica parasites

Background: Genetic modi�cations and manipulations have topped the list of recent research, as they target the causes, not the results, and are currently considered one of the most powerful methodologies used to study the biology of the Leishmania parasites. These methods have expanded since the publication of the �rst study in which the genetic replacement of one of the Leishmania genes was done, which provided an opportunity to analyze and study the biology of the parasite genomically. In this study, the SODB1 gene was targeted by antisense RNA. This gene encodes one of the important enzymes in the infectivity of Leishmania tropica parasites within macrophages, which is the superoxide dismutase enzyme (SODB1). Methods: An inverted sequence of part of SODB1 ORF and 3’UTR were cloned in LEXSY plasmid, and after obtaining the silencing constructions, the Leishmania tropica parasites were transfected by electroporation. Western Blot analysis of SODB1 expression and the infectivity of these mutant parasites in human macrophages was studied and evaluated in comparison with a wild-type negative control and another control containing the GFP gene that codes for Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). Results: The results showed that using LEXSY plasmids for SODB1 gene silencing was e�cient and the knocking-down was clear forasmuch the decrease in both infectivity and parasite load in human macrophages in vitro. On the other hand, western blot analysis revealed a lower expression level of SODB1 in the mutant parasites than wild-type. The results were subjected to statistical analysis and the decreases in the infectivity and parasites load of the mutant parasites were very signi�cant in comparison with the wild-type. Conclusion: Our study con�rms the e�ciency of the produced silencing system, and the importance of the SODB1 enzyme in the amastigote parasites’ ability to grow and survive within the host's macrophages despite the presence of many other SODs enzymes. This is the �rst study that a�rms the success of using the LEXSY gene expression system for gene silencing according to the antisense RNA approach. Thus, this work will allow using of the
Neutron Number Asymmetry in Proton Decay Momentum

The cosmic censorship hypothesis put a threshold on the observable universe with the order of magnitude in the visible spectrum and space-time singularity. The research put the question into the scope of chemical cosmology in local universe cases of black hole and white hole thermonuclear binding. The research adopted a controlled group data experiment with the NASA multi-mission all-spectrum space telescopes for thermonuclear chemical recombination in quantum, and an experimental group with Harvard-Smithsonian Micro Observatory in observational cosmology testing. References on the controlled group were taken on the data products of 2Mass, WISE, and neoWISE missions in critical mass behaviors behind the information conundrum. The controlled group experiment ended with the result on the presence of antimatter Van der Waals force behind the plausible cause of the cosmic censorship hypothesis, and the experimental group included one result on the thermonuclear induction to the high frequency Doppler Shift to the annihilating dark matter momentum. The research concludes that the wrapping of time can be applied to the wrapping of space itself for a thermal arrow of time in general relativity with the SI Unit of definition, paving a cosmological foundation to quantum gravity.
STUDIES ON THE POPULATION REPRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF DAURIAN GROUND SQUIRREL (Spermophilus dauricus)

The population reproduction characteristics of daurian ground squirrel (Spermophi-lus dauricus) were studied in Fenyang, Quwo county of Shanxi Province, and Yanch-ang, Heyang county of Shaanxi Province from 1987 to 1989. The studies included mating, pregnancy, litter size, testis pt sis of the male. The results obtained are summarized as below. 1. The mating seasons of daurian ground squirrel began in the mid ten days of March in Quwo, Heyang county and in the last ten days of March in Fenyang, Yanc-hang county. 2. The pregnancy rate of females varied along with the area and years. The reproduction peaks appeared in the last ten days of April to the early ten days of May. It was also observed that the variation of pregnancy rate was relation to the yearly population density. The reproduction peaks of males appeared earlier than females about 10 days. 3. The average litter sizes was 4.72±0.12 in Fenyang, 4.59±0.09 inQuwo,4.65± 0.24 in Yanchang and 5.43 ±0.15 in Heyang. 4. The rate of embryo-absorbing of pregnancy females were 13.33% in Quwo,and 10.39% in Heyang.