Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ecologie des Leishmanioses dans le sud de la France. 2. - Les réservoirs selvatiques : Infestation spontanée du Renard (Vulpes vulpes L.)

Poursuivant leur enquête sur les foyers leishmaniens du sud de la France, les auteurs étudient la réceptivité expérimentale et l’infestation spontanée des réservoirs selvatiques. Expérimentale­ ment, les Rongeurs, et particulièrement les Gliridés, se montrent réceptifs aux trois types de Leishmanies, dermotropes et viscérotropes (humaine et canine) ; toutefois, aucune infestation naturelle n’est observée. Par contre, deux Renards, capturés aux limites du foyer cévenol, sont trouvés spontanément atteints. L’inoculation d’un broyat de ganglion parasité à deux autres Renards, prove­ nant d’une région indemne, est suivie d’infestation.
Genetic evaluation for milk production, reproduction and somatic cell count traits in early lactation for friesian cattle in Egypt

A total of 2396 records of 673 Holstein Friesian cows were collected from one commercial Holstein Friesian farm during the period from 1999 to 2004. Genetic, phenotypic correlations and breeding values for productive, reproductive and somatic cell count traits were analyzed by using single-trait and multi-trait animal model analyses. Traits studied were total milk yield (TMY, kg), days in milking (DIM, days), milk yield in first test of lactation after calving (M1, kg), days open (DO, days), number services per conception (NSC, services), age at first calving (AFC, month), and somatic cell count in the first test of lactation (SCC). Unadjusted means of TMY, M1, DIM , SCC1, AFC, NSC and DO were 6716 kg, 17.39 kg, 319.8 day, 505.23x103 cell/ml, 28.3 month, 1.97 services and 144.5 day, respectively. Estimates of heritability of TMY, DIM, M1, SCC1, AFC, NSC and DO were 0.34±0.028, 0.22±0.08, 0.10±0.026, 0.04±0.023, 0.20±0.113, 0.02±0.013 and 0.02±0.017 for single-trait, While, the obtained h from multi-trait analysis were 0.40±0.12, 0.20±0.16, 0.16±0.02 and 0.10±0.08 for TMY, M1, DO and SCC1, respectively. The genetic correlations among TMY, M1, SCC1 and DO were positive and ranged from 0.19±0.06 to 0.84±0.08. The phenotypic correlations between milk production and reproduction traits were positive for all studied traits and ranged between 0.10 for correlation between SCC1 and TMY to 0.44 for correlation between M1 and DO. The range of breeding values obtained from single-trait analysis for DO, TMY, M1, SCC1 and AFC were 20.9 day, 6006 kg, 229 kg, 57.7 x 10 cell/ml and 3.83 month, respectively. While, the breeding values obtained from multi-trait analysis for all animals were 193.9 day, 10280 kg, 383.8, and 630x10 cells/ml for DO, TMY, M1, and SCC1, respectively. The present results will help the farmers to select the best dairy cows based on a combination of production, reproduction and somatic cell count in early lactation.
Therapeutic potential of nucleic acid aptamers against sclerostin in the treatment of osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized with poor bone quality and low bone mineral density. The pathogenesis of osteoporosis is the imbalance of bone resorption and bone formation. Two strategies can be employed to cure osteoporosis. One is to inhibit bone resorption and the other is to stimulate bone formation. Currently, therapeutic drugs approved by FDA are mainly antiresorptive agents. Till now, there is only one bone anabolic agent approved. Obviously, more efforts should be poured into the development of bone anabolic agents. Sclerostin is a key negative regulator of osteoblast Wnt signaling making it a promising therapeutic target for bone anabolic therapy. Anti-sclerostin humanized monoclonal antibody romosozumab, which could effectively promote bone formation, has been accepted by the FDA for the review of biologic license application in 2017. However, there are several concerns about the humanized anti-sclerostin antibody, including immunogenicity, high cost of production and relative low stability. In 20 were select high and The inhibition potency of and 50 values of a great of to of to
Spatial distribution of species, genus and phylogenetic endemism in the vascular flora of New Zealand, and implications for conservation

Abstract. The present study aimed to detect and quantify centres of vascular plant species and genus endemism and genus phylogenetic endemism in the New Zealand archipelago and to assess the representation of these in the conservation estate. The presence of 2187 vascular plant species, comprising 213 141 georeferenced records, was mapped onto 0.12° grid cells and a genus-level phylogeny was constructed mainly from rbcL sequences used to calculate phylogenetic metrics. Previously identified centres of endemism were confirmed, and new areas of endemism were suggested. Patterns of endemism differ with taxonomic rank. Randomisations showed that the South Island mountains have greater species corrected weighted endemism (CWE) than expected, whereas the randomisations for genus CWE and genus corrected phylogenetic endemism (CPE) showed the northern half of the North Island and northern offshore islands to have greater endemism than expected. Consistent with the randomisations, the highest values of genus CWE and genus CPE predominantly occur in the northern North Island and offshore islands. Centres of species CWE, genus CWE and genus CPE, supported by randomisation analyses, overlap with the New Zealand conservation estate by 40.01, 29.52 and 19.12% respectively. Many areas of high endemism are often poorly protected, highlighting the urgency to consider the areas of endemism identified here in conservation policy, planning and management.
Taxonomical studies of certain streptomycetes exhibiting antimicrobial activity isolated from Egyptian soils

The easy access and appropriate use of antimicrobials led to selection and spread of resistant microorganisms strains. It is imperative to search and screen for new and more effective antimicrobials from microorganisms found in the environment. The objective of this work is to isolate streptomycetes from soil of Kalubiya Governorate in order to screen them for antimicrobial activity against reference Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria as well as unicellular and filamentous fungi. A total of 500 strains of streptomycetes were isolated. Sixty strains (12 %) showed antimicrobial activity. The morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical characters were studied for identification of the isolates at species level. The obtain-ed results revealed that the dominant group was Streptomyces lydicus.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the North American caddisfly Anabolia bimaculata (Insecta: Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)

Abstract The caddisfly Anabolia bimaculata, is a rapidly-maturing caddisfly found in temporary ponds across western North America. Whole genome Illumina sequencing facilitated the assembly of a complete circular mitochondrial genome of 15,048 bp from A. bimaculata consisting of 78.2% AT nucleotides, 22 tRNAs, 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNAs and a control region arranged in the canonical and ancestral gene order found in insects. This gene order is consistent with the gene order found in most other caddisfly species. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction places A. bimaculata within a monophyletic Order Trichoptera and sister to the primitive lepidopteran Micropterix calthella (Micropterigidae).
Direct and indirect efficacy of truck-mounted applications of s-methoprene against Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

ABSTRACT Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is a globally significant vector that complexifies management programs already contending with Aedes aegypti (L.). The Ae. albopictus mosquito is a daytime biting, container breeding, anthropophilic mosquito that is generally considered unresponsive to operational larviciding that does not also incorporate source reduction. S-methoprene is a readily available juvenile hormone mimic common to pest management. This 14-week study examines direct and indirect treatment efficacy using s-methoprene as an ultra-low volume (ULV) truck spray in area-wide operations against Ae. albopictus in the southeastern United States. An overall 63.3% reduction of Ae. albopictus adults and 47.8% reduction of deposited eggs in treatment areas were observed compared with control. Indirect plots saw reduction in Ae. albopictus adults by 32.7% and eggs by 32.3%. Using insect growth regulator bioassays, truck-mounted ULV application of s-methoprene was effective to an inhibition of emergence (IE) of ≥92% within directly treated (sprayed) areas and >65% IE among containers placed up to 90 m away. S-methoprene could still benefit urban vector management programs when applied at an operational scale.
Aydın ili örtü altı çilek alanlarında zararlı akar türleri ile doğal düşmanlarının belirlenmesi, popülasyon yoğunluklarının saptanması ve zararlı akar türleri ile mücadele olanakları

The aim of this study was to determine harmful mites, their natural enemies and population levels and their control possibilities on protected strawberries in Aydin province from 2000 to 2002. According to results, it was determined, in total, 20 species, which have 3 phytophagous mites, 16 natural enemies and 1 neutral mite in strawberry fields in Aydin province. Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisd.) (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) was detected as the most common species among the phytophagous mites. Typhlodromus athiasae Porath and Swirski, Anthoseius inopinatus Wainstein (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae), Stethorus gilvifrons Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Scolothrips longicornis Priesner (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) were found to be the most effective natural enemies of phytophagous mites in strawberry fields. The results of the studies indicated that the population dynamics of spider mites began to increase generally in February- March, reached the maximum in April - May and started to decrease in early June. Efficiencies of different control practices against spider mites were also evaluated in this study. It was determined that at least 2 or 3 times application of acaricides against spider mites significantly suppressed pest population at the control plots (grower applications). Application of acaricides only once when the population of spider mites reached the economical injury level, successfully suppressed the population of pest throughout the growing season in two separate locations experiment conducted. At the integrated pest management plots, when the population levels of pest reached 5 individuals /leaflets (included eggs + chrysalis and mobile forms), the predator, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae), was released once at the rate of 1:20, predator: prey ratios. P. persimilis provided an effective control of spider mites for 15-20 days after release and no additional release was needed during the rest of growing season. At the bio- pesticides plots, the one or two applications of Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) water extract against spider mites gave satisfactory results. Key words: strawberry, spider mites, natural enemies, Phytoseiulus persimilis, bio-pesticides
Evaluation of novel insecticides against diamondback moth and natural enemies in cabbage ecosystem

Field experiments were conducted at C-Block Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), West Bengal, India during 2011-12 to 2013-14. The field experiments were laid out in randomized block design comprising eight treatments including control with three replications. The treatments . pyridalyl 10 EC, indoxacarb 14.5 SC, chlorfenapyr 10 SC and chlorpyriphos 20 EC were applied twice at fifteen days interval. Pre-treatment counts of DBM larvae were recorded from randomly selected 5 tagged plants/plot, and subsequently post treatment observations were recorded on 1, 7 and 14 days after each spraying. Coccinellid complex and spiders were recorded during each observation after spraying. Healthy cabbages (weight basis) were recorded separately from each replication for yield data.
The use, and usefulness, of spatial conservation prioritizations

Spatial conservation prioritization is used globally to guide decision making with the aim of delivering the best conservation gain per unit investment. However, despite many publications on the topic, the extent to which this approach is used by decision makers has been unclear. To investigate the degree to which prioritization has been adopted by practitioners to guide conservation implementation, we conducted an online survey, collecting data on the approaches used to develop prioritizations and the reported extent of translation to on‐the‐ground action. Using a cluster analysis, we identified two categories of prioritizations, those developed to advance the field (42% of responses) and those intended for implementation (58% of responses). Respondents reported 74% of the prioritizations intended for implementation had translated to on‐the‐ground action. Additionally, we identified strong collaboration between academics and practitioners in prioritization development, suggesting a bridging of the theory‐practice gap. We recommend continued collaboration and research into the effectiveness of prioritizations in delivering conservation impacts.
The Control of the Locust Spermatheca

The spermatheca of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria is under neural and hormonal control. The present study investigated the association of the peptide families, locustatachykinin (LomTK) and allatostatin (AST) with the spermatheca of the locust. No LomTK-like immunoreactivity was found in the nerves innervating the spermatheca, or on the spermatheca itself. Physiological assays revealed that the locustatachykinin isoform LomTK1, is a stimulator of spermathecal contractions with a threshold between 5 x 10 M and 10 M and maximum of 5 x 10 M. LomTK1 was found to stimulate spermathecal contractions when compared to two other stimulatory peptides, proctolin and crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP). In contrast, allatostatin-like immunoreactivity was localized within axons of the nerves that innervate the spermatheca and in processes over all regions of the spermatheca. The application of allatostatin 1 (AST 1) to the spermatheca did not lead to any changes in the myogenic contractions of the spermatheca. Co-application of AST 1 with the stimulatory peptide proctolin also showed no changes in the proctolin-induced contractions of the spermatheca. Results of this study suggest a possible neurohormonal role of locustatachykinin on the spermatheca of the locust. The role of allatostatin at the spermatheca remains to be determined.
Physico-Chemical Properties along Soil Profiles of Two Dominant Forest Types in Western Himalaya

Physico-chemical properties of soil of two dominant forest types in Western Himalaya, viz. oak ( Quercus leucotrichophora ) and pine ( Pinus roxburghii ) across three soil depths, and winter and rainy seasons were analysed. In general, all the soil parameters, viz. soil moisture, water-holding capacity, organic carbon and total nitrogen decreased significantly with increasing soil depth in both the forests. However, pH did not show any trend with soil depth. All the soil physicochemical parameters were found significantly higher for oak forests compared to pine forests. The topsoil layer (0-30 cm depth) of both the forests had high concentration of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N. Shallower distribution of the most limiting nutrients for plants such as N was in agreement with earlier reports. A declining nutrient concentration with increasing soil depth may explain that the zone of accumulation of nutrients is not well established in the forest soils of this mountainous region due to strong leaching effect. With regard to nutrient extraction from deeper soil layers, the deep-rooted oak forest has competitive advantage over the shallow-rooted pine forest. Considering that SOC stored in the surface layer is more vulnerable and less stable than that in the deeper layers, the topsoil of these forests should be protected to minimize the risk of large carbon release. The oak forests should be given priority over the pine forests in afforestation and conservation programmes to sequester and stock high amounts of carbon in the soil pool and contribute towards mitigation of climate change impacts.
Morphological and Histological Study Of The Cerebrum In A Nocturnal Bird Species (Barn Owl)TytoAlba

Morphological and histoarchitecture aspects on the cerebrum of (barn owl) were made to find outthe cerebrum size, design and the description of cerebral region components at the light microscopic level by using Haematoxylin – Eosin and periodic acid schift (PAS) stain methods. The result of the morphological aspects revealed that the cerebrum was large and an obtuse triangle in shape, its surface had a slight furrow. Sagittal sections revealed the location, arrangement and size of pallial and subpallial cerebral divisions. The result of the microscopic examinations indicated that the large and massive hyperpallium (wulst) was thick,hypertrophied wired, and multilaminate structure reflect their wider stereoscopic night vision. The dorsolateral corticoid area (CDL) contained three different cell groups. The well developed dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR) contained mesopalliumnidopallium and arcopallium, contained voluminous nuclear heterogeneous neuron groups and pyramidal cells. The higher density of the large pyramidal cells were found in the nidopallium (nest pallium) that is surrounding the crescent shap lateral ventricle. The striatum had a striated appearance due to its special histoarchitecture. The pallidum was the smallest and the deepest among cerebral subdivision, it had a pale appearance.
Development of digestive organs of female broilers under varying post-hatch fasting times

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of post-hatch fasting time on the weights of body and digestive organs of chicks. Fertile eggs from 62-week-old broiler breeders (Cobb Fast lineage) were incubated and, after hatching, female chicks were randomly divided into six treatments, which corresponded to fasting periods (0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours), with 40 chicks per treatment. At 01, 03, 06, and 10 days after hatching, measurements of body weight; residual yolk weight; relative weights of proventriculus + gizzard, intestine + pancreas and liver; and intestine total length were made. At 6 days of age, the chicks submitted to post-hatch fasting, for up to 12 hours, demonstrated greater development, with body weights higher than the other birds. Yet, when fed, no compensatory gain was observed and, at 10 days of age, the birds submitted to 48- and 72-h fasting remained with a lower body development. Intestine growth was also compromised by post-hatch fasting, being reduced in both weight and length. A post-hatching fasting of up to 24 hours did not interfere with the weights of body and digestive organs of 10-day-old female broiler chickens. However, 48- and 72-h post-hatch fastings affected adversely the weight and growth of digestive organs in the birds.
An allosteric potentiator suggests a role for M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) in modulating excitatory hippocampal synaptic transmission

Numerous animal and human studies suggest that muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), specifically M1 and M4, may be viable targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have used cheminformatic and medicinal chemistry to develop novel, highly selective M4 allosteric potentiators. VU10010, the lead compound, potentiates the M4 response to acetylcholine (ACh) 47‐fold while having no activity at other mAChR subtypes. This compound binds to an allosteric site on the receptor and increases affinity for ACh and coupling to G proteins. Whole cell patch clamp recordings revealed that selective potentiation of M4 with VU10010 increased carbachol‐induced depression of transmission at excitatory but not inhibitory synapses in the hippocampus. The effect was not mimicked by an inactive analog of VU10010 and was absent in M4 knockout (KO) mice. This provides compelling evidence for selective regulation of excitatory transmission in this important forebrain structure by M4. We are now examining the effects of selective M1 and M4 activation on field excitatory postsynaptic potentials in the CA1 region to understand the involvement of these receptors in muscarinic long‐term potentiation and depression.
Phylogenetics of the genus Scotophilus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae): perspectives from paternally and maternally inherited genomes with emphasis on African species

Phylogenetics of the Genus Scotophilus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae): Perspectives from Paternally and Maternally Inherited Genomes with Emphasis on African Species. (August 2005) Robert Greg Trujillo, B.S., University of New Mexico; M.S., Texas AM S. collinus Sody 1936; S. heathi (Horsfield, 1831); S. kuhlii Leach, 1821), two on Madagascar (S. sp. nov. Goodman et al., in press; and S. robustus Milne-Edwards, 1881), and one endemic to Reunion Island (S. borbonicus (E. Geoffroy, 1803). The systematics and taxonomy of this genus have been controversial and continue to be confusing. The genus is plagued with problems in species definition and the systematic relationships among members of the genus are poorly understood. The major goal of this study was to use a molecular phylogenetic approach to clarify some of the controversy and confusion surrounding the members of this genus.
CAFE: Coarse-to-Fine Neural Symbolic Reasoning for Explainable Recommendation

Recent research explores incorporating knowledge graphs (KG) into e-commerce recommender systems, not only to achieve better recommendation performance, but more importantly to generate explanations of why particular decisions are made. This can be achieved by explicit KG reasoning, where a model starts from a user node, sequentially determines the next step, and walks towards an item node of potential interest to the user. However, this is challenging due to the huge search space, unknown destination, and sparse signals over the KG, so informative and effective guidance is needed to achieve a satisfactory recommendation quality. To this end, we propose a CoArse-to-FinE neural symbolic reasoning approach (CAFE). It first generates user profiles as coarse sketches of user behaviors, which subsequently guide a path-finding process to derive reasoning paths for recommendations as fine-grained predictions. User profiles can capture prominent user behaviors from the history, and provide valuable signals about which kinds of path patterns are more likely to lead to potential items of interest for the user. To better exploit the user profiles, an improved path-finding algorithm called Profile-guided Path Reasoning (PPR) is also developed, which leverages an inventory of neural symbolic reasoning modules to effectively and efficiently find a batch of paths over a large-scale KG. We extensively experiment on four real-world benchmarks and observe substantial gains in the recommendation performance compared with state-of-the-art methods.