Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relativistic stars in beyond Horndeski theories

This work studies relativistic stars in beyond Horndeski scalar–tensor theories that exhibit a breaking of the Vainshtein mechanism inside matter, focusing on a model based on the quartic beyond Horndeski Lagrangian. We self-consistently derive the scalar field profile for static spherically symmetric objects in asymptotically de Sitter space–time and show that the Vainshtein breaking branch of the solutions is the physical branch thereby resolving several ambiguities with non-relativistic frameworks. The geometry outside the star is shown to be exactly Schwarzschild-de Sitter and therefore the parameterised post-Newtonian parameter β PPN = 1 , confirming that the external screening works at the post-Newtonian level. The Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff (TOV) equations are derived and a new lower bound on the Vainshtein breaking parameter ϒ 1 > − 4 / 9 is found by requiring the existence of static spherically symmetric stars. Focusing on the unconstrained case where ϒ 1 < 0 , we numerically solve the TOV equations for polytropic and realistic equations of state and find stars with larger radii at fixed mass. Furthermore, the maximum mass can increase dramatically and stars with masses in excess of 3 M ⊙ can be found for relatively small values of the Vainshtein breaking parameter. We re-examine white dwarf stars and show that post-Newtonian corrections are important in beyond Horndeski theories and therefore the bounds coming from previous analyses should be revisited.
CAMA Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis Boom or gloom ? Examining the Dutch disease in a two-speed economy CAMA Working Paper 76 / 2013 December 2013

Traditional studies of the Dutch disease do not typically account for productivity spillovers between the booming energy sector and non-oil sectors. This study identifies and quantifies these spillovers using a Bayesian Dynamic Factor Model (BDFM). The model allows for resource movements and spending effects through a large panel of variables at the sectoral level, while also identifying disturbances to the real oil price, global demand and non-oil activity. Using Norway as a representative case study, we find that a booming energy sector has substantial spillover effects on the non-oil sectors. Furthermore, windfall gains due to changes in the real oil price also stimulate the economy, but primarily if the oil price increase is caused by global demand. Oil price increases due to, say, supply disruptions, while stimulating activity in the technologically intense service sectors and boosting government spending, have small spillover effects on the rest of the economy, primarily because of reduced cost competitiveness. Yet, there is no evidence of Dutch disease. Instead, we find evidence of a two-speed economy, with non-tradables growing at a much faster pace than tradables. Our results suggest that traditional Dutch disease models with a fixed capital stock and exogenous labor supply do not provide a convincing explanation for how petroleum wealth a effects a resource rich economy when there are productivity spillovers between sectors. T H E A U S T R A L I A N N A T I O N A L U N I V E R S I T Y
: A . Meyrier ) A day at the pool

Gastrointestinal side effects affect ~20% of renal transplant recipients [1]. Among such side effects, diarrhoea is common [2] but under-recognized [3]. Diarrhoea may relate to immunosuppressive drugs or infectious complications. The latter may be caused by one of the usual microbial pathogens that also cause gastroenteritis in immunocompetent patients, such as campylobacter, salmonella or viruses. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis, for example, is seen as a cause of diarrhoea, usually within the first one or two post-transplant years. Once these usual suspects have been excluded, the clinician is left with a long differential diagnosis of other causes of diarrhoea in the immunosuppressed host. We describe the interesting case of a 49-year-old renal transplant recipient who presented with an unusual cause of diarrhoea 2.5 years after transplantation.
Brauer–Manin obstruction for integral points of homogeneous spaces and representation by integral quadratic forms

Abstract An integer may be represented by a quadratic form over each ring of p-adic integers and over the reals without being represented by this quadratic form over the integers. More generally, such failure of a local-global principle may occur for the representation of one integral quadratic form by another integral quadratic form. We show that many such examples may be accounted for by a Brauer–Manin obstruction for the existence of integral points on schemes defined over the integers. For several types of homogeneous spaces of linear algebraic groups, this obstruction is shown to be the only obstruction to the existence of integral points. Résumé Une forme quadratique entière peut être représentée par une autre forme quadratique entière sur tous les anneaux d’entiers p-adiques et sur les réels, sans l’être sur les entiers. On en trouve de nombreux exemples dans la littérature. Nous montrons qu’une partie de ces exemples s’explique au moyen d’une obstruction de type Brauer–Manin pour les points entiers. Pour plusieurs types d’espaces homogènes de groupes algébriques linéaires, cette obstruction est la seule obstruction à l’existence d’un point entier.
Carbonic Anhydrase III S-Glutathionylation Is Necessary for Anti-Oxidant Activity

Carbonic anhydrase isozyme CA3 protects cells against oxidative stress. Ectopic expression of murine Ca3, but not Ca2, protects proto-oncogene Evi1 expressing Rat1 fibroblast cells (ca3low) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced stress. Ca3 is S-glutathionylated via glutathione adducts with cysteines 181 and 186. Substitution of both Ca3 cysteines with serine fails to protect cells from oxidative stress. Insertion of cysteine at 181 and 186 in Ca2 is insufficient for conferring efficient anti-oxidant activity. This shows for the first time that S-glutathionylation of cys181 and cys186 residues is required for Ca3 anti-oxidant activity but that additional factors are also required.
Theoretical Methodology of a High-Flux Coal-Direct Chemical Looping Combustion System

This study, as an extension of our previous experimental tests, presented a mechanism analysis of air reactor (AR) coupling in a high-flux coal-direct chemical looping combustion (CDCLC) system and provided a theoretical methodology to the system optimal design with favorable operation stability and low gas leakages. Firstly, it exhibited the dipleg flow diagrams of the CDCLC system and concluded the feasible gas–solid flow states for solid circulation and gas leakage control. On this basis, the semi-theoretical formulas of gas leakages were proposed to predict the optimal regions of the pressure gradients of the AR. Meanwhile, an empirical formula of critical sealing was also developed to identify the advent of circulation collapse so as to ensure the operation stability of the whole system. Furthermore, the theoretical methodology was applied in the condition design of the cold system. The favorable gas–solid flow behaviors together with the good control of gas leakages demonstrated the feasibility of the theoretical methodology. Finally, the theoretical methodology was adopted to carry out a capability assessment of the high-flux CDCLC system under a hot state in terms of the restraint of gas leakages and the stability of solid circulation.
TRAFFIC CONGESTION PROBLEM OF ROAD NETWORKS IN KOTA KINABALU

Traffic congestion is anurban mobility problem that happened when the traffic volume exceeded the capacity of the road. In this century, human population is in surge, people tend to own private vehicles which cause traffic congestion. Besides, the poor management and road facilities worsen the traffic flow. In this study, maximum flow, bottleneck and shortest path are identified. Network from Indah Permai (IP) to Kota Kinabalu International Airport (KKIA) is the scope of this study. The capacity and distance of the routes within the scope are obtained from Dewan Bandaraya Kota Kinabalu (DBKK) and Google Map. With all the data, capacitated and weighted network graph formed. The objectives of this study are to find maximum flow, bottleneck and shortest path. Hence,Ford-Fulkerson algorithm, Max flow-Min cut theorem and Dijstra’s algorithm are applied. Next, the maximum flow and the shortest path problem were formulated intoa linear programming model, and solved by using excel solver in Microsoft Excel. With theresults, traffic congestion problem minimized and traffic flow became smooth.
The SEC’s Enforcement Record against
 Auditors

We investigate the effectiveness of regulatory oversight exercised by the SEC against auditors over the years 1996-2009. The evidence suggests that the SEC is significantly less likely to name a Big N auditor as a defendant, after controlling for both the severity of the violation and for the characteristics of companies more likely to be audited by Big N auditors. Further, when the SEC does charge Big N auditors, the SEC (i) is less likely to impose harsher penalties on the Big N; and (ii) is less likely to name a Big N audit firm relative to individual Big N partners. Moreover, the SEC relies overwhelmingly on administrative proceedings, instead of the tougher civil proceedings, against auditors. One interpretation of these patterns is that the SEC’s enforcement against auditors is relatively mild. Other interpretations of these results are also discussed. Though private litigation against auditors is associated with a loss of market share for the auditor, there is no evidence of such product market penalty subsequent to SEC action. We thank our respective schools and the Goizueta Business School for financial support. We are thankful to Chang Wook Lee and Haitao Tu for excellent research assistance. We would like to thank Jonathan Karpoff, Scott Lee and Gerald Martin for graciously sharing their SEC enforcement data. Cornerstone Research and Stanford Law School provided the data on securities class actions. We acknowledge helpful comments from participants at the 2014 CELS conference, the 2014 University of Illinois audit symposium, Zoe-vanna Palmrose and Jill Fisch (discussants), Jieying Zhang, Monika Causholli, Kathryn Kadous, Stephen Penman and workshop participants at the University of Mississippi, University of Texas at Dallas and Columbia Business School Brown Bag. The views expressed in this paper are ours and do not represent in any way the views of Cornerstone Research or Stanford Law School. Also, all errors are ours.
Swedish Equity Mutual Funds 1993-2013: Performance, Persistence and Presence of Skill

Actively managed Swedish equity mutual funds outperform the market in 1993‐2001 but have negative gross and net excess returns of ‐0.18 and ‐1.47 per cent per year in 2002‐2013. Across funds, there is no correlation between activism and return in the later period. Returns show little or no persistence: When funds are ranked on past performance, their returns converge to the cross‐sectional mean in about two years and stay close to that subsequently. There is practically no evidence of stock‐picking skills: Actual gross excess returns do not differ significantly from bootstrapped excess returns under the hypothesis of no skill in the population.
Nonequilibrium excitations and transport of Dirac electrons in electric-field-driven graphene

We investigate nonequilibrium excitations and charge transport in charge-neutral graphene driven with DC electric field by using the nonequilibrium Green's function technique. Due to the vanishing Fermi surface, electrons are subject to non-trivial nonequilibrium excitations such as highly anisotropic momentum distribution of electron-hole pairs, an analog of the Schwinger effect. We show that the electron-hole excitations, initiated by the Landau-Zener tunneling with a superlinear IV relation $I \propto E^{3/2}$, reaches a steady-state dominated by the dissipation due to optical phonons, resulting in a marginally sublinear IV with $I \propto E$, in agreement with recent experiments. The linear IV starts to show the sign of current saturation as the graphene is doped away from the Dirac point, and recovers the semi-classical relation for the saturated velocity. We give a detailed discussion on the nonequilibrium charge creation and the relation between the electron-phonon scattering rate and the electric field in the steady-state limit. We explain how the apparent Ohmic IV is recovered near the Dirac point. We propose a mechanism where the peculiar nonequilibrium electron-hole creation can be utilized in a novel infra-red device.
The impact of collective self-esteem on intergroup evaluation: self-protection and self-enhancement

The present study examines the impact of personal success or failure feedback on collective self-esteem and bias. The second corollary of the self-esteem hypothesis - that low or threatened self-esteem will motivate intergroup discrimination and Crocker and Luhtanen’s (1990) self-enhancement hypothesis were examined. Collective self-esteem was affected by status, and, contrary to the second corollary of the self-esteem hypothesis, participants with high collective self-esteem were found to show more ingroup bias (c.f. Abrams and Hogg 1988). However, status and self-esteem had interactive effects on evaluations of the ingroup and outgroup. High self-esteem was associated with more positive ingroup evaluations only when the ingroup had high status, whereas low self-esteem was associated with more positive outgroup evaluations only when the ingroup had low status. Results are discussed in terms of Crocker and Luhtanen’s (1990) self-enhancement hypothesis.
The navier-stokes flow with linearly growing initial velocity in the whole space

In this paper, the uniqueness of the solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations in the whole space is constructed, provided that the velocity grows linearly at infinity. The velocity can be chosen as Mx + u(x) for some constant matrix M and some function u. The perturbation u is taken in some homogeneous Besov spaces, which contain some nondecaying functions at space infinity, typically, some almost periodic functions. It is also proved that a locally-in-time solution exists, when M is essentially skew-symmetric which demonstrates the rotating fluid in 2- or 3-dimension.
Empirical Evaluation of Neural Process Objectives

Neural processes (NPs) [3, 4] are parametric stochastic processes that can be trained from a dataset consisting of sets of input-output pairs. During test time, given a context set of input-output pairs and a set of target inputs, they allow us to approximate the posterior predictive of the target outputs. NPs have shown promise in applications such as image super-resolution, conditional image generation or scalable Bayesian optimization. It is, however, unclear which objective and model specification should be used to train NPs. This abstract empirically evaluates the performance of NPs for different objectives and model specifications. Given that some objectives and model specifications clearly outperform others, our analysis can be useful in guiding future research and applications of NPs.
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Testing the effect of serve order in tennis tiebreak

The of in different in turn, may inﬂuence contestants’ probabilities to win. The Prouhet-Thue-Morse sequence in which the ﬁrst ‘ n ’ moves is the exact mirror image of the next ‘ n ’ moves should theoret- ically terminate any advantage to any of the contestants in a sequential pair-wise contest. The tennis tiebreak sequence of serves is the closest to the Prouhet-Thue-Morse sequence that one can ﬁnd in real tournament settings. In a tiebreak between two players, A and B , the order of the ﬁrst two serves ( AB ) is a mirror image of the next two serves ( BA ), such that the sequence of the ﬁrst four serves is ABBA . Then, this sequence is repeated until one player wins the tiebreak. This sequence has been used not only in tennis, but also recently in the US TV presidential debates. In this study we analyse 1701 men’s and 920 women’s tiebreak games from top-tier tournaments between the years 2012 to 2015. Using several different strategies to disentangle the effect of serving ﬁrst from the effect of selection, we ﬁnd that, for both genders, serving ﬁrst does not have any signiﬁcant effect on the winning probabilities of the two players. Thus, it might be useful for other sports, and contests in general, to consider adopting the ABBA sequence. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Estimating Brazilian Potential Output: A Production Function Approach

Estimating potential output is at the same time one of the issues of greatest uncertainty in economics and greatest importance for policymakers, an unpleasant combination. This uncertainty fostered the emergence of several methods for calculating the potential output. In this work, the production function approach was chosen because it has important advantages compared to others, although it has limitations. The preliminary results found for the Brazilian economy are the following: a) total factor productivity (TFP) decreased in the last two decades, however, the negative trend was reverted after 1992 and, since then, TFP has been growing, on average, 0,9% per year; b) since 1980, most of the time the Brazilian economy has been below its potential. The years with strongest activity were 1980, 1985 and 1986; c) simulations involving different scenarios for investment and TFP growth rates, show that the average potential output growth for the 2001-05 period should be between 3,3% and 4,5%; d) although these figures are much lower than those registered before 1980, they are higher than the average GDP growth in the last two decades; e) because of the deep structural changes the Brazilian economy has been experiencing recently, we can expect TFP growth to increase in the next years. Even so, without increasing investment rates significantly, Brazil will not grow at rates near to its historical average.
Generating VaR Scenarios under Solvency II with Product Beta Distributions

We propose a Monte Carlo simulation method to generate stress tests by VaR scenarios under Solvency II for dependent risks on the basis of observed data. This is of particular interest for the construction of Internal Models. The approach is based on former work on partition-of-unity copulas, however with a direct scenario estimation of the joint density by product beta distributions after a suitable transformation of the original data.
Factors for the implementation of the circular economy in Big Data environments in service companies in post pandemic times of COVID-19: The case of Colombia

In emerging economies, Big Data (BD) analytics has become increasingly popular, particularly regarding the opportunities and expected benefits. Such analyzes have identified that the production and consumption of goods and services, while unavoidable, have proven to be unsustainable and inefficient. For this reason, the concept of the circular economy (CE) has emerged strongly as a sustainable approach that contributes to the eco-efficient use of resources. However, to develop a circular economy in DB environments, it is necessary to understand what factors influence the intention to accept its implementation. The main objective of this research was to assess the influence of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral norms on the intention to adopt CE in BD-mediated environments. The methodology is quantitative, cross-sectional with a descriptive correlational approach, based on the theory of planned behavior and a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM). A total of 413 Colombian service SMEs participated in the study. The results show that managers' attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived norms of behavior positively influence the intentions of organizations to implement CB best practices. Furthermore, most organizations have positive intentions toward CE and that these intentions positively influence the adoption of DB; however, the lack of government support and cultural barriers are perceived as the main limitation for its adoption. The research leads to the conclusion that BD helps business and government develop strategies to move toward CE, and that there is a clear positive will and intent toward a more restorative and sustainable corporate strategy.
High-Accuracy Low-Precision Training High-Accuracy Low-Precision Training

There is currently an arms race to design low-precision hardware accelerators capable of training machine learning models. This is because purpose-built, low-precision hardware accelerators can lower both the time and energy needed to complete a task. In contrast, traditional hardware architectures are over-provisioned, in terms of numerical precision, for machine learning tasks. Unfortunately, the statistical effects of low-precision computation during training are still not well understood. As a result, it is difficult to reach the statistical accuracies of traditional architectures on these new accelerators which have limited support for higher precision computation. This is due to a tradeoff with standard low-precision training algorithms: as the number of bits is decreased, noise that limits statistical accuracy is increased. In this paper we argue that one can reap the hardware benefits of low-precision accelerators while maintaining the statistical accuracies of traditional, higher-precision data formats. To do this we introduce a training algorithm called High-Accuracy Low-Precision (HALP). HALP is a low-precision stochastic gradient descent variant that uses entirely lowprecision computation in its inner loop while infrequently recentering this computation with higher-precision computation done in an outer loop. HALP uses three techniques to reduce noise: (1) a known variance reduction method based on stochastic variance-reduced gradient (SVRG); (2) a novel bit centering technique that uses infrequent high-precision computation to reduce quantization noise; and (3) a novel dynamic bias adjustment technique to prevent overflow and underflow. On strongly convex problems, we show both theoretically and empirically that HALP converges at the same linear rate as full-precision SVRG. Inspired by these results, we show on two neural network applications (CNN and LSTM) that HALP can empirically compete with higher-precision training algorithms.