Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in self-estimated step-over ability among older adults: A 3-year follow-up study.

OBJECTIVES There is a growing body of literature examining age-related overestimation of one's own physical ability, which is a potential risk of falls in older adults, but it is unclear what leads them to overestimate. This study aimed to examine 3-year longitudinal changes in self-estimated step-over ability, along with one key risk factor: low frequency of going outdoors (FG), which is a measure of poor daily physical activity. METHOD This cohort study included 116 community-dwelling older adults who participated in baseline and 3-year follow-up assessments. The step-over test was used to measure both the self-estimated step-over bar height (EH) and the actual bar height (AH). Low FG was defined as going outdoors either every few days or less at baseline. RESULTS The number of participants who overestimated their step-over ability (EH>AH) significantly increased from 10.3% to 22.4% over the study period. AH was significantly lower at follow-up than at baseline in both participants with low and high FGs. Conversely, among participants with low FG, EH was significantly higher at follow-up than at baseline, resulting in increased self-estimation error toward overestimation. Regression model showed that low FG was independently associated with increased error in estimation (i.e., tendency to overestimate) at follow-up. DISCUSSION The present study indicated that self-overestimated physical ability in older adults is not only due to decreased physical ability but also due to increased self-estimation of one's ability as a function of low FG. Active lifestyle may be critical for maintaining accurate estimations of one's own physical ability.
Investigation of thyroid blood tests and thyroid ultrasound findings of patients with rosacea

We aimed to investigate the relationship between rosacea and thyroid diseases by analyzing thyroid blood tests and ultrasound findings of our patients recently diagnosed with rosacea. This study was designed as a prospective, single‐center study. Dermatological examination findings, lesion locations were recorded, and rosacea clinical scores were calculated for all study group patients. The control group consisted of completely healthy women presented to our hospital during the study period for check‐up purposes. Serum‐free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, thyroid‐stimulating hormone, antithyroglobulin antibody, antithyroid peroxidase antibody levels were measured, and thyroid ultrasound examinations were performed for all study participants. The entire study cohort consisted of 123 patients (63 cases and 60 controls). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of mean patient age (P < .05). Cheek was the most common lesion location (96.8%). There was no difference between the groups in terms of thyroid‐related laboratory parameters. However, anti‐TPO levels differed significantly with increasing disease severity (ie, RCSs). There were significant relationships between cheek lesions and fT4 (P = .021), while nose and chin lesions were associated with fT3 (P = .01, P = .001). Thyroid ultrasound findings revealed that rosacea patients tended to have larger thyroid nodules and more heterogeneous thyroid parenchymas than controls. Our findings indicate that thyroid blood tests, including thyroid autoantibodies, should be tested and thyroid ultrasounds should be performed in patients diagnosed with rosacea. However, these findings need to be validated by prospective studies conducted in larger patient series with more extended follow‐up periods.
Using Social Media Data to Understand Consumers' Information Needs and Emotions Regarding Cancer: Ontology-Based Data Analysis Study

Background Analysis of posts on social media is effective in investigating health information needs for disease management and identifying people’s emotional status related to disease. An ontology is needed for semantic analysis of social media data. Objective This study was performed to develop a cancer ontology with terminology containing consumer terms and to analyze social media data to identify health information needs and emotions related to cancer. Methods A cancer ontology was developed using social media data, collected with a crawler, from online communities and blogs between January 1, 2014 and June 30, 2017 in South Korea. The relative frequencies of posts containing ontology concepts were counted and compared by cancer type. Results The ontology had 9 superclasses, 213 class concepts, and 4061 synonyms. Ontology-driven natural language processing was performed on the text from 754,744 cancer-related posts. Colon, breast, stomach, cervical, lung, liver, pancreatic, and prostate cancer; brain tumors; and leukemia appeared most in these posts. At the superclass level, risk factor was the most frequent, followed by emotions, symptoms, treatments, and dealing with cancer. Conclusions Information needs and emotions differed according to cancer type. The observations of this study could be used to provide tailored information to consumers according to cancer type and care process. Attention should be paid to provision of cancer-related information to not only patients but also their families and the general public seeking information on cancer.
The spectrum of tuberculosis disease in an urban Ugandan community and its health facilities.

BACKGROUND New, sensitive diagnostic tests facilitate identification and investigation of milder forms of tuberculosis (TB) disease. We used community-based TB testing with Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra ("Ultra") to characterize individuals with previously-undiagnosed TB and compare to those from the same community who were diagnosed with TB through routine care. METHODS We offered community-based sputum Ultra testing to adult residents of a well-defined area (population 34,000 adults) in Kampala, Uganda via door-to-door screening and venue-based testing, then used detailed interview and laboratory testing to characterize TB-positive individuals. We compared these individuals to residents diagnosed with -pulmonary TB at local health facilities and a representative sample of residents without TB ("controls"). RESULTS Of 12,032 residents with interpretable Ultra results, 113 (940 per 100,000; 95% confidence interval 780-1130 per 100,000) tested positive, including 71 (63%) positive at the lowest ("trace") level. A spectrum of TB disease was observed in terms of chronic cough (93% among health-facility-diagnosed cases, 77% among residents with positive community-based Ultra results at levels above trace, 33% among trace-positive community participants, 18% among TB-negative controls), TB symptom prevalence (99%/87%/60%/38%), and C-reactive protein (75 th percentile 101/28/6/4 mg/L). Community-diagnosed cases were less likely than health-facility-diagnosed cases to have HIV coinfection or previous TB. The specificity of Ultra was 99.4% (99.2-99.5%) relative to a single spot sputum culture. CONCLUSIONS People with undiagnosed prevalent TB in the community have different characteristics that those diagnosed with pulmonary TB in health facilities. Newer diagnostic tests may identify a group of people with early or very mild disease.
The incidence and mechanism of heading in European professional football players over three seasons

There are concerns surrounding the risk of neurodegenerative diseases associated with football (soccer) heading. The aim of this study was to conduct analysis on the incidence and mechanism of heading in the “Big 5” professional European football leagues (Bundesliga, Ligue 1, Premier League, La Liga and Serie A) and one lower tier professional league (English Championship) from 2016/17 to 2018/19. Match event data from 7147 matches were obtained from Opta Sports data feed. The data were parsed to extract header event details including player position, coordinates on the field, header type and preceding match event (including distance football travelled). Incidence data were reported as headers per match or match headers per player. Medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) were reported and either the Mann‐Whitney U test or Kruskal‐Wallis test were conducted for comparisons between positions and leagues. In the “Big 5” leagues, the most headers per match occurred during the Premier League (111.2 headers per match). However, the lower tier English Championship had the highest number of headers per match overall (139.0 headers per match). In all leagues, defenders had the greatest median number of match headers per player (P < .001). The highest median distance travelled by the football during a preceding match event was for goal kicks (57.5 m; IQR 53.7‐61.1). The findings add necessary information for current longitudinal studies aiming to understand the potential link between football heading and neurodegenerative diseases. These studies should account for league, playing position, and level of play.
RADIO FREQUENCY PHASE IN THE FEL SECTION OF A TBA

LBL-22301 c. ~ Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA A cce I e r a to r & F US I 0 n Research Division Gtc:;! <VU,v I. '\O'-,PC\TORY i_. /':·. \~}f1[NCE (JeT :2 ? 198Ei Ur:3:~AFlY p.i'll.) COCL! f\~ENTS SECTIOf; Presented at the Symposium on Advance Accelerator Concept, Madison, WI, August 21-27, 1986 RADIO FREQUENCY PHASE IN THE FEL SECTION OF A TBA R.W. Kuenning, A.M. Sessler, and E.J. Sternbach August 1986 TWO-WEEK LOAN COpy This is a Library Circulating Copy which may be borrowed for two weeks. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC03-76SF00098
Psychometric evaluation of the Eating Disorders in Youth-Questionnaire when used in adults: Prevalence estimates for symptoms of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder and population norms.

OBJECTIVE Restrictive eating behaviors occur across ages, but little is known about symptoms of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), especially in adults. This study sought to examine the prevalence of symptoms of ARFID in the adult population, providing a psychometric evaluation of the Eating Disorders in Youth-Questionnaire (EDY-Q) and population norms. METHOD In a representative survey of the German population, N = 2,424 adults (1,297 women, 1,127 men; age 49.5 ± 17.5 years) were assessed with the EDY-Q and measures of eating disorder and general psychopathology for divergent validation. RESULTS The point prevalence of self-reported symptoms of ARFID amounted to 0.8% (20/2,424), with 0.8% of women (10/1,297) and 0.9% of men (10/1,127) being affected. Adults with symptoms of ARFID were significantly more likely to have underweight or normal weight, were more likely to report restrictive behaviors and lower levels of eating disorder psychopathology and binge eating than noneating-disordered controls and adults with symptoms of an eating disorder, but did not significantly differ in levels of compensatory behaviors, or depression and anxiety. The EDY-Q revealed favorable item statistics, heterogeneity, and satisfactory construct validity, including factorial, discriminant, and divergent validity. Weight-status specific norms were provided. DISCUSSION Both women and men from the population reported symptoms of ARFID with an anthropometric and psychopathological profile similar to that seen in youth with symptoms of ARFID, however, with lower prevalence estimates, and distinctive from that in other eating disorders. Interview-based assessment of this symptomatology is required to confirm the prevalence of ARFID diagnosis.
Adults’ responses to infant faces: Neutral infant facial expressions elicit the strongest baby schema effect

The effect of the babyface schema includes three typical responses, namely, the preference response, viewing motivation, and attention bias towards infant faces. It has been theorised that these responses are primarily influenced by infants’ facial structures. However, recent studies have revealed the moderating role of facial expression, suggesting that the strongest effect of the babyface schema may be related to the neutral facial expression; this hypothesis remains to be tested. In this study, the moderating role of facial expression was assessed in three successive experiments (total N = 402). We used a series of images of the same face with multiple expression-standardised images of infants and adults to control for facial structure. The results indicated that the effect sizes of the babyface schema (i.e., response differences between infants and adults) were different for multiple expressions of the same face. Specifically, the effect sizes of neutral faces were significantly greater than those of happy and sad faces according to the preference response (experiment 1, N = 90), viewing motivation (experiment 2, N = 214), and attentional bias (experiment 3, N = 98). These results empirically confirm that neutral infant facial expressions elicit the strongest effect of the babyface schema under the condition of using adult faces as a comparison baseline and matching multiple expressions of the same face.
Lower esophageal sphincter muscle of patients with achalasia exhibits profound mast cell degranulation

Eosinophils and mast cells are key effectors of allergy. When they accumulate in the esophagus, their myoactive, pro‐inflammatory, and cytotoxic products potentially could cause achalasia‐like motility abnormalities and neuronal degeneration. We hypothesized that there is an allergy‐mediated form of achalasia.
Efficacy and feasibility of Amniotic membrane for the treatment of burn wounds: a meta-analysis.

4 urns cause a huge economic burden to society, and thewounds can be very difficult to manage. Clinical experience suggests that amniotic membrane (AM) is an economical and effective biological dressing for burns. However, few systematic reviews or meta-analyses have been published on such use. We aimed to evaluate the role of AM dressings in burn wounds. METHODS: A systematic search of the PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, andWeb of Science databases was conducted in March 2020. The search was conducted to identify randomized control trials that compared selected features of AM with those of other dressings, such as silver sulfadiazine, polyurethane membrane, and honey. For skin-grafted wounds, we compared AM-covered skin grafts and traditional staple-fixed skin grafts. Outcomes of interest for the efficacy analysis included wound infection, pain, itching, scarring, and healing time. The number of adverse events in each treatment group, the rate of withdrawal because of adverse effects, the cost of treatment, and patient acceptability were assessed for the feasibility analysis. RESULTS: E leven randomized controlled trials with 816 participants total were identified in our review. Amniotic membrane treatment was more effective than conventional methods, silver sulfadiazine, and polyurethane membrane in treating burn wounds, but AM appears to be less effective than honey. No reports of AM-related disease transmission or adverse reactions were described in the included articles. CONCLUSION: A mniotic membrane has beneficial effects in treating burn wounds; however, the evidence needs to be strengthened by further robust randomized controlled trials. (J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2021;90: 744–755. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.) LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: S ystematic Review/Meta-analysis, level III.
Timing of aortic valve replacement in high-gradient severe aortic stenosis: impact of left ventricular ejection fraction

Abstract Background Patients with high-gradient (HG) severe aortic stenosis (AS) and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction are at high risk of death. The optimal timing for aortic valve replacement (AVR) is not defined by guidelines. The objective was to define the optimal timing to perform isolated AVR in patients with HG-AS and severe LV dysfunction. Methods We retrospectively included 233 consecutive patients admitted for severe HG-AS (aortic valve area <1cm2 and mean gradient ≥40mmHg). Severe LV dysfunction was defined by LV ejection fraction ≤35% (LVEF). All-cause mortality while waiting for AVR and after the intervention (30 days) was compared in patients with (n = 28) and without (n = 205) LVEF ≤35%. Results Patients with HG-AS and severe LV dysfunction had a higher risk profile than those with LVEF >35%. AVR was performed in 93% (218/233) of patients, 41% by surgery (SAVR) and 53% by transcatheter (TAVR). TAVR was the preferred method to treat HG-AS patients with LVEF ≤35%. All-cause mortality while waiting for AVR was higher in patients with severe LV dysfunction (22% vs. 2.0%, p < 0.001) and occurred within a shorter time (12 [8–26] days vs. 63 [58–152] days, p = 0.010) compared to those with LVEF >35%. All death in HG-AS patients with a severe LV dysfunction occurred within the first month. Postoperative mortality was low (1.3%), irrespective of LVEF. Conclusions AVR should be performed promptly after Heart Team decision in patients with HG severe AS and LVEF ≤35% because of a very high and premature risk of death while waiting for intervention.
THE EFFECT OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE ISOPOD SPHAEROMA ANNANDALEI ANNANDALEI ALONG THE INTERTIDAL ZONE OF THE SHATT AL-ARAB RIVER, IRAQ

Some environmental factors affects both the density and distribution of the isopod Sphaeroma annandalei annandalei along the intertidal zone of the Shatt al-Arab River. Samples were collected monthly at three stations (Al-Sharish, Al-Salhiya and Duwaib) during the period from December 2017 to November 2018. Some environmental factors were recorded such as water temperature as the lowest water temperature reached 12 °C in January and the highest temperature was 33 °C during July, both at Salhiya station, The lowest value of salinity was 0.5 ppt recorded at April and November in Al-Sharish and the highest value was 39.3 ppt recorded during July in Duwaib station. The bottom deposits in the three stations were alluvial deposits with a few different percentages of sand and clay. The study showed that the environmental factors studied have an effect on the distribution and abundance of this species within the horizontal and vertical section in the intertidal zone of the Shatt al-Arab River and that individuals of this species are building their burrows in the alluvial areas mixed with sand and clay used for hiding from predators. There was a positive correlation between the density of the species and the salinity and Total organic carbon. The results indicate that there is no fixed effect of water temperature on the distribution of the species within the horizontal section of the tidal zone. The total population density was found to be between 64-288 ind. / m during June, April and November at Al-Sharish station and 112-624 ind. / m during January and November at Al-Salhiya station and 160-576 ind. /m during and January and October at Duwaib station. The temperature played an important role in the vertical distribution of the species within the intertidal zone and because of the invertebrates of this zone, need to adapt quickly to environmental changes such as high temperature, salinity and drought to maintain their lives. The complete absence of this crustacean species for some months explains significant seasonal changes that are inappropriate for invertebrates living in the Shatt al-Arab environment.
Interobserver and intraobserver reliability for 2 grading systems for gastric ulcer syndrome in horses

Abstract Background Grading of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is undertaken in clinical and research settings, but the reliability of EGUS grading systems is poorly understood. Hypothesis/Objectives Investigate interobserver and intraobserver reliability of an established ordinal grading system and a novel visual analog scale (VAS), and assess the influence of observer experience. Animals Sixty deidentified gastroscopy videos. Methods Six observers (3 specialists and 3 residents) graded videos using the EGUS Council (EGUC) system and VAS. Observers graded the videos three 3 for each system, using a cross‐over design with at least 1 week between each phase. The order of videos was randomized for each phase. Methods Interobserver and intraobserver reliability were estimated using Gwet's agreement coefficient with ordinal weights applied (AC2) for the EGUC system and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the VAS. Results Using the EGUC system, interobserver reliability was substantial for squamous (AC2 = 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57‐0.80) and glandular mucosa (AC2 = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.70‐0.75), and intraobserver reliability was substantial for squamous (AC2 = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71‐0.90) and glandular mucosa (AC2 = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.74‐0.86). Interobserver reliability using the VAS was moderate for squamous (ICC = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.31‐0.96) and poor for glandular mucosa (ICC = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.06‐0.64), and intraobserver reliability was moderate for squamous (ICC = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.62‐0.86) and glandular mucosa (ICC = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.39‐0.72). Conclusions and Clinical Importance The EGUC system had acceptable intraobserver and interobserver reliability and performed well regardless of observer experience. Familiarity and observer experience improved reliability of the VAS.
Optical studies of the 1.945 eV vibronic band in diamond

The 1.945eV band is the dominant end product of annealing radiation damage in diamonds containing isolated substitutional nitrogen atoms. In this paper uniaxial stress experiments are described which show the band to be a transition between A1 (ground) and E (excited) electronic states of a trigonal centre, the E state being coupled predominantly to A1 modes of vibration. Annealing experiments suggest that the centre is either a substitutional nitrogen atom plus an interstitial nitrogen atom, or a substitutional nitrogen atom plus a vacancy. Small differences between the luminescence and absorption bands are shown to be consistent with the double minima vibrational potential of the nitrogenvacancy model.
Mitochondrial ND1 T4216C and ND2 C5178A mutations are associated with maternally transmitted diabetes mellitus

Abstract Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are important causes for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To investigate the association between mtDNA mutations/variants and diabetes, we reported here clinical, genetic and biochemical characterization of a Chinese pedigree with maternally transmitted T2DM. Using PCR and direct sequencing analysis of mitochondrial genomes from the matrilineal relatives, we identified two potential pathogenic mutations, m.T4216C (p.Y304H) and m.C5178A (p.L237M) in the ND1 and ND2 genes, respectively, together with a set of genetic polymorphisms belonging to the human mitochondrial haplogroup D4b. Moreover, by isolating and analyzing polymononuclear leukocytes generated from the T2DM patients and controls, we identified lower levels of mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production in T2DM patients than in the controls, in contrast, a significantly higher level of reactive oxygen species was observed in the T2DM patients carrying both of the m.T4216C and m.C5178A mutations (p < 0.05 for all). In addition, the plasma levels of malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in the T2DM patients markedly increased, while the level of superoxide dismutase decreased (p < 0.05 for all). Taken together, our data indicated that the ND1 T4216C and ND2 C5178A mutations may lead to oxidative stress and impair the mitochondrial function, and this, in turn, might have been involved in the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM in this pedigree. Thus, our study provides novel insight into the pathophysiology of T2DM that is manifested by mitochondrial dysfunction.