Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical Model of Dust Polarization by Radiative Torque Alignment and Disruption and Implications for Grain Internal Structures

Dust polarization depends on mechanical properties of dust as well as on local environments. To understand how dust polarization varies with different properties, we model the wavelength-dependence polarization of starlight and polarized dust emission of aligned grains by simultaneously taking into account grain alignment and rotational disruption by radiative torques (RATs). We explore a wide range of the local radiation field and grain mechanical properties characterized by tensile strength (Smax). We find that the peak wavelength shifts to shorter wavelengths as the radiation strength (U) increases due to the enhanced alignment of small grains. Grain rotational disruption by RATs tends to decrease the optical-NIR polarization but increase the UV polarization of starlight due to the conversion of large grains into smaller ones. In particular, we find that the polarization degree at 850 μm (P850) does not increase monotonically with U or grain temperature (Td), but it depends on Smax of the grains. Our model can be tested with observations toward star-forming regions or molecular clouds irradiated by a nearby star, which have higher radiation intensities than the that of the average interstellar radiation field. Finally, we compare our predictions of the P850–Td relationship with Planck data and find that the observed decrease of P850 with Td can be explained when grain disruption by RATs is accounted for, suggesting that as interstellar grains are unlikely to have a compact structure, perhaps they have a composite one. The variation of the polarization degree with U (or Td) can provide a valuable constraint on the internal structure of cosmic dust.
A reduced-order modeling approach for electron transport in molecular junctions.

To describe non-equilibrium transport processes in a quantum device with infinite baths, we propose to formulate the problems as a reduced-order problem. Starting with the Liouville-von Neumann equation for the density-matrix, the reduced-order technique yields a finite system with open boundary conditions. We show that with appropriate choices of subspaces, the reduced model can be obtained systematically from the Petrov-Galerkin projection. The self-energy associated with the bath emerges naturally. The results from the numerical experiments indicate that the reduced models are able to capture both the transient and steady states.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NURSE CARING BEHAVIOR AND ANXIETY LEVELS AMONG COVID-19 PATIENTS

Background: Covid-19 patients who undergoing treatment in isolation rooms experience anxiety problems due to loss of contact with their surrounding. Caring behavior in providing nursing services provides comfort and tranquillity for patients. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between nurses' caring behavior with the anxiety level of Covid-19 patients undergoing treatment in the isolation rooms. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. The sample in this study was COVID-19 patients undergoing treatment in the Isolation Room as many as 30 people. The respondents were selected using a consecutive sampling technique. The anxiety levels were measured using the State-Anxiety Inventory (S-AI) questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the Gamma and Somers'd correlation test. Results: The results showed that the better caring behaviour by nurses the lesser the anxiety level of patients. Gamma statistical test results obtained a p-value of 0.000 <0.05, which means that there was a significant relationship between nurses’ caring behaviour and the anxiety level of Covid-19 patients in the Isolation Room. Conclusions: The caring behaviour of nurses in Covid-19 patients was shown by the presence of caring, empathy, compassion, and good communication so that a therapeutic relationship is established between patients and nurses. Therefore, the patient feels safe, comfortable, and has less anxiety.
Structural demand for migrant labour: a bottom-up analysis of labour market segmentation in Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT Combining insights from the new labour market segmentation approach and the labour process theory, this qualitative case study research critically examines how workplace dynamics shape the divisions of labour in Saudi Arabia. It draws upon secondary sources and in-depth investigation in a joint venture in the Saudi petrochemical sector. The results question the prevailed institutionalist explanations on the reliance on migrant labour in the Arab Gulf capitalisms. Analyses of secondary data on the Saudi labour market and the case study firm show the need to account for both, (1) the institutional structure that controls the standards of living of migrants (exemplified in the Iqama and Kafala systems), and (2) employers’ discriminatory practices to ensure the lowest cost of labour, in particular contracting, pay and training. Both factors have resulted in the employer not only limiting upskilling for migrants but also avoiding the employment of high-cost labour i.e. Saudis, which feed back to the labour market at large. Theoretically, the paper highlights the need to consider the ‘value of labour power’ to grasp the reality of the migrant division of labour in the Arab Gulf countries.
Correlation and Path Analysis of Yield and Related Traits of Upland Rice Genotypes across Weeding Regimes

This investigation was carried out at International Institute of Tropical Agriculture IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria to estimate correlation coefficients of yield and associated traits of thirty-six upland rice lines and the effect of these attributes in four weeding regimes. The weeding regimes were: weed free, weeding twice (21 and 42 days after sowing (DAS), weeding once at 42 DAS only, and weeding once at 21 DAS only, laid out in an alpha lattice design replicated two times. Correlation analysis indicated that yield was significantly and positively associated with panicle length, panicle number and 100 seed weight in both years. There was also a highly significant negative correlation between weed dry matter at all the sampling periods and number of tillers, plant height at maturity in 2011 and number of panicles and panicle length in 2012. Weed dry matter was negatively correlated with grain yield (P < 0.01) in both years clearly explaining the adverse effect of weed on the yield of rice. Path analysis revealed that days to 50% flowering, 100 seed weight, number of panicles and panicle length had direct positive effect on yield across the weeding regimes. Hence, selection based on these traits could help bring simultaneous improvement of yield and yield attributes. For further breeding activities, more emphasis should be given to 100 seed weight, days to 50% flowering, number of panicles and panicle length as they showed high correlation in addition to maximum direct positive effects on yield.
POLYSULFIDE-ENRICHED GARLIC SUPPLEMENTATION IMPROVES COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND REDUCES HEART RATE DURING HIGH INTENSITY INTERMITTENT EXERCISE

This study aim is to determine the effect of short-term (5-day) polysulphide-enriched garlic (PEG) administration on cognitive function and physiological responses to high-intensity intermittent exercise performance. Fifteen recreational team-sport players underwent a randomized, double blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial of PEG and PLA (placebo) supplementation, with a washout period of 14-day separating each trial. Following a 4-day supplementation of 4 g PEG and PLA (placebo), participants consumed a single dose of the supplement 3 hours in day-5 prior to the completion of a Yo–Yo intermittent recovery level 1 test (YYIRTL1). Resting exhaled hydrogen sulphide was 42% greater, while systolic BP and mean arterial pressure was lower by 3% in PEG compared to PLA (p < 0.05). Performance in the cognitive function test was 4% and 3% faster at rest and during YYIRTL1, respectively, with performance in YYIRTL1 only tended to increase in PEG compared to PLA (p = 0.08). Mean heart rate was lower during YYIRTL1 (p < 0.05). These results indicate that PEG supplementation, with dose equivalent to average sized garlic clove, lower both resting BP and heart rate during exercise. Short term PEG supplementation may also enhance cognitive function during high-intensity intermittent performance.
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Analysis-Based Evaluation of GCMs Concerning Atmospheric Teleconnections

The evaluation of general circulation models (GCM) is a fundamental step in climate research in terms of both quality assurance/quality control and realistic representation of the dynamics of the atmospheric flows in the future projections. In this paper, a statistical method is introduced to evaluate GCMs with respect to teleconnection patterns in the winter 500 hPa geopotential height field over the Northern Hemisphere (NH). The procedure uses the combination of negative extrema method and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The proposed method is demonstrated using selected general circulation models (GCMs) disseminated by the CMIP5 project. The ERA-20C reanalysis was used as a reference, supported by the NCEP/NCAR R1 reanalysis. The proposed method enables us to track changes in the geographical positions of the action centers (ACs); therefore, to detect improvement/deterioration in the GCM performance with time. It was found that the majority of the GCMs reproduce prominent teleconnections of the NH but fail to capture the eastward shift of the ACs over the Pacific Ocean in the last decades of the 20th century. The GCMs reproduce teleconnections with stronger correlations over the north-western part of the Atlantic Ocean compared to the reanalyses. The construction of mobile teleconnection indices is proposed to gain further insight into the performance of the models and to support a regional-scale analysis. The method can be easily applied to the recent CMIP6 simulations.
Metrology for AI: From Benchmarks to Instruments

In this paper we present the first steps towards hardening the science of measuring AI systems, by adopting metrology, the science of measurement and its application, and applying it to human (crowd) powered evaluations. We begin with the intuitive observation that evaluating the performance of an AI system is a form of measurement. In all other science and engineering disciplines, the devices used to measure are called instruments, and all measurements are recorded with respect to the characteristics of the instruments used. One does not report mass, speed, or length, for example, of a studied object without disclosing the precision (measurement variance) and resolution (smallest detectable change) of the instrument used. It is extremely common in the AI literature to compare the performance of two systems by using a crowd-sourced dataset as an instrument, but failing to report if the performance difference lies within the capability of that instrument to measure. To illustrate the adoption of metrology to benchmark datasets we use the word similarity benchmark WS353 and several previously published experiments that use it for evaluation.
Una revisión sistemática: Actitud hacia la investigación en universidades de Latinoamérica

El objetivo del presente estudio fue señalar la evidencia científica disponible sobre la actitud hacia la investigación, a partir de la revisión sistemática de artículos relevantes existentes en la literatura científica. El análisis sistemático de estos estudios, muestra que el 50% de la población de estudio presenta una actitud favorable hacia la investigación, el 41.7% muestra una actitud desfavorable y solo el 8.3% medianamente favorable. Asimismo, en relación a los componentes, se aprecia que el componente cognitivo muestra una categoría positiva con un 35.7%, mientras que el componente afectivo, presenta una categoría positiva con un 21.4% a comparación de la categoría negativa, que se encuentra en un 14.2%. Mientras que el componente conductual muestra una categoría positiva con un 21.4% en relación a la categoría negativa que presentó un 7.1%. Por ello, es relevante cubrir con la necesidad de motivación y uso de estrategias por parte de los docentes responsables de los cursos en investigación para promover la actitud hacia la investigación en estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado.
Mass production of the nematode Acrobeloides longiuterus using Tribolium castaneum and artificial solid media

Free-living nematode Acrobeloides longiuterus (Rhabditida: Cephalobidae) exhibits a potential to kill some insect pests. Mass production of this species is a requirement for use it in pest management programs. Tribolium castaneum has been used as a primary host for this nematode as an alternative for Galleria mellonella. Use of artificial media is another option for mass culturing and such recipes based on soy flour are available. Production of A. longiuterus using cost effective method and easily available insect host is important in setting up of small-scale production unit. Therefore, this study has the objectives of evaluating the production feasibility of A. longiuterus on T. castaneum larvae, pupae and adults as in vivo production method. Further, feasibility of using different solid media such as soy flour, palmyra tuber flour, corn flour, black gram flour and dhal flour with other basic ingredients as in vitro conditions system was evaluated. Results revealed that pupa of T. castaneum yielded the highest number of infective juveniles (36112 IJs/ pupa) compared to other life stages tested. In vitro production of A. longiuterus on soy flour and black gram flour media yielded 21530 and 16538 IJs/20g, respectively. Pathogenicity against T. castaneum was shown up to 93% by the infective juveniles produced from the in vitro cultures. In conclusion, T. castaneum is an alternative insect that can be used as a host to produce the A. longiuterus. In addition, soy flour and black gram flour can be used as the sources for this nematode production without losing their entomopathogenicity.
Monitoring system with multimodal sensor for electrical conductivity and hydrogen-ion concentration of causative agents of underarm odor

This study proposes a novel system to monitor the pH characteristics and electrical conductivity of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid and 3-mercapto-3-methyl-1- hexanol, which are causative agents of underarm odor, to estimate underarm odor. A multimodal sensor, which can measure electrical conductivity, temperature, and pH, and an AgCl external electrode were adopted in the system to measure the pH of the agents on the skin. Experiments were conducted to measure the accuracy of the electrical conductivity and the pH for 3-hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid and 3-mercapto-3-methyl-1- hexanol to verify the applicability of the proposed system. The results showed that the proposed system may be able to accurately measure the pH and electrical conductivity of the causative agents.
Fusarium oxysporum Disrupts Microbiome-Metabolome Networks in Arabidopsis thaliana Roots

Plant health and fitness are determined by plant-microbe interactions which are guided by host-synthesized metabolites. To understand the orchestration of this interaction, we analyzed the distinct interomic dynamics in resistant and susceptible Arabidopsis ecotypes across different time points after infection with Fusarium oxysporum (FOM). ABSTRACT While the plant host metabolome drives distinct enrichment of detrimental and beneficial members of the microbiome, the mechanistic interomics relationships remain poorly understood. Here, we studied microbiome and metabolome profiles of two Arabidopsis thaliana accessions after Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. mathioli (FOM) inoculation, Landsberg erecta (Ler-0) being susceptible and Col-0 being resistant against FOM. By using bacterial and fungal amplicon sequencing and targeted metabolite analysis, we observed highly dynamic microbiome and metabolome profiles across FOM host progression, while being markedly different between FOM-inoculated and noninoculated Col-0 and Ler-0. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed more robust microbial networks in the resistant Col-0 compared to Ler-0 during FOM infection. Correlation analysis revealed distinct metabolite-OTU correlations in Ler-0 compared with Col-0 which could possibly be explained by missense variants of the Rfo3 and Rlp2 genes in Ler-0. Remarkably, we observed positive correlations in Ler-0 between most of the analyzed metabolites and the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Acidobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia, and negative correlations with Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi. The glucosinolates 4-methyoxyglucobrassicin, glucoerucin and indole-3 carbinol, but also phenolic compounds were strongly correlating with the relative abundances of indicator and hub OTUs and thus could be active in structuring the A. thaliana root-associated microbiome. Our results highlight interactive effects of host plant defense and root-associated microbiota on Fusarium infection and progression. Our findings provide significant insights into plant interomic dynamics during pathogen invasion and could possibly facilitate future exploitation of microbiomes for plant disease control. IMPORTANCE Plant health and fitness are determined by plant-microbe interactions which are guided by host-synthesized metabolites. To understand the orchestration of this interaction, we analyzed the distinct interomic dynamics in resistant and susceptible Arabidopsis ecotypes across different time points after infection with Fusarium oxysporum (FOM). Our results revealed distinct microbial profiles and network resilience during FOM infection in the resistant Col-0 compared with the susceptible Ler-0 and further pinpointed specific microbe-metabolite associations in the Arabidopsis microbiome. These findings provide significant insights into plant interomics dynamics that are likely affecting fungal pathogen invasion and could possibly facilitate future exploitation of microbiomes for plant disease control.
A Dynamically Controlled Recurrent Neural Network for Modeling Dynamical Systems

This work proposes a novel neural network architecture, called the Dynamically Controlled Recurrent Neural Network (DCRNN), specifically designed to model dynamical systems that are governed by ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The current state vectors of these types of dynamical systems only depend on their state-space models, along with the respective inputs and initial conditions. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, which have proven to be very effective for memory-based tasks, may fail to model physical processes as they tend to memorize, rather than learn how to capture the information on the underlying dynamics. The proposed DCRNN includes learnable skip-connections across previously hidden states, and introduces a regularization term in the loss function by relying on Lyapunov stability theory. The regularizer enables the placement of eigenvalues of the transfer function induced by the DCRNN to desired values, thereby acting as an internal controller for the hidden state trajectory. The results show that, for forecasting a chaotic dynamical system, the DCRNN outperforms the LSTM in $100$ out of $100$ randomized experiments by reducing the mean squared error of the LSTM's forecasting by $80.0\% \pm 3.0\%$.
Illiberal Cultural Christianity? European Identity Constructions and Anti-Muslim Politics

This paper refers to the ambivalence of secularization in order to explain why Cultural Christianity can show both a liberal and illiberal character. These two faces of Cultural Christianity are mostly due to the identity functions that, not only faith-based religion, but a particularly culturalized version of religion, entails. Proceeding from this, it will be demonstrated here how Cultural Christianity can turn into a concrete illiberal marker of identity or a resource for illiberal collective identity. Our argument focuses on the link between right-wing nationalism and Cultural Christianity from a historical-theoretical perspective, and illustrates the latter with the example of contemporary illiberal and selective European memory constructions including a special emphasis on the exclusivist elements.
N ov 2 01 9 NON-COERCIVE LYAPUNOV FUNCTIONS FOR INPUT-TO-STATE STABILITY OF INFINITE-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS

We consider an abstract class of infinite-dimensional dynamical systems with inputs. For this class the significance of noncoercive Lyapunov functions is analyzed. It is shown that the existence of such Lyapunov functions implies integral-to-integral input-to-state stability. Assuming further regularity it is possible to conclude input-to-state stability. For a particular class of linear systems with unbounded admissible input operators, explicit constructions of noncoercive Lyapunov functions are provided. The theory is applied to a heat equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions.
Impact Assessment of Climate Change on the Near and the Far Future Streamflow in the Bocheongcheon Basin of Geumgang River, South Korea

Highly concentrated precipitation during the rainy season poses challenges to the South Korean water resources management in efficiently storing and redistributing water resources. Under the new climate regime, water resources management is likely to become more challenging with regards to water-related disaster risk and deterioration of water quality. To alleviate such issues by adjusting management plans, this study examined the impact of climate change on the streamflow in the Bocheongcheon basin of the Geumgang river. A globally accepted hydrologic model, the HEC-HMS model, was chosen for the simulation. By the calibration and the validation processes, the model performance was evaluated to range between “satisfactory” and “very good”. The calibrated model was then used to simulate the future streamflow over six decades from 2041 to 2100 under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The results indicated significant increase in the future streamflow of the study site in all months and seasons over the simulation period. Intensification of seasonal differences and fluctuations was projected under RCP 8.5, implying a challenge for water resources managers to secure stable sources of clean water and to prevent water-related disasters. The analysis of the simulation results was applied to suggest possible local adaptive water resources management policy.
Making sense of humour among men in a weight-loss program: A dialogical narrative approach

ABSTRACT Humour appears to be an important aspect of health-promoting efforts for some men. A better understanding of the role humour plays in men’s health contexts may provide insight into the optimal design of health interventions for men. In this study, we explored the role banter, humour that blurs the line between playfulness and aggression, plays for men in a men’s weight loss context. We applied dialogical narrative analysis to thirty interviews conducted with men involved in a men’s weight-loss program that leverages competition to drive weight loss. Banter served several functions for men in the program, including allowing them to determine their social position during early group formation, feel good, develop camaraderie, experience respite, provide male inter-personal support in a counter-intuitive way, and ‘be themselves’. Men could use banter as a tool to develop resilience for themselves, but could also adapt their approach to use banter as a means of providing support for others. Banter could also cause trouble, through conflict and misunderstandings, primarily understood through a lens of narratives of progressiveness, inclusiveness, and a ‘changing culture’. Banter could do harm, by positioning oneself against certain characteristics, and as a tool to get under people’s skin. However, an approach-orientation to one’s problems may allow misunderstandings that arise due to banter to lead to enhanced group cohesion. Intervention developers ought to explicitly address the potential for banter (and humour more broadly) to have positive and negative effects in men’s health contexts.