Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of rainfall microphysics characteristics derived by numerical weather prediction modelling and dual‐frequency precipitation radar

The understanding of large‐scale rainfall microphysical characteristics plays a significant role in meteorology, hydrology and natural hazards managements. Traditional instruments for estimating raindrop size distribution (DSD), including disdrometers and ground dual‐polarization radars, are available only in limited areas. However, the development of space‐based radars and mesoscale numerical weather prediction models would allow for DSD estimation on a large scale. This study investigated the performance of the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model and the global precipitation measurement mission (GPM) dual‐frequency precipitation radar for DSD retrieval under different conditions. The DSD parameters (Dm and Nw), rain rate (R), rainfall kinetic energy (KE) and radar reflectivity (Z) were estimated in Chilbolton, United Kingdom, by using long‐term disdrometer observations for validation. The rainfall kinetic energy–rain rate (KE–R) and radar reflectivity–rain rate (Z–R) relationships were explored using a disdrometer, the WRF model and GPM. It was found that the DSD parameter distribution trends of the three approaches are similar although the WRF model has larger Dm and smaller Nw values. In terms of the rainfall microphysical relationship, GPM performs better when both Ku‐ and Ka‐band precipitation radars (KuPR and KaPR) observe precipitation simultaneously (R > 0.5 mm h−1), while the WRF model shows high accuracy in light rain (R < 0.5 mm h−1). The fusion of GPM and WRF model is recommended for the improved understanding of rainfall microphysical characteristics in ungauged areas.
Analysis of patients admitted to the emergency department with gunshot wounds

Amac: Bu calismada, acil servise atesli silah yaralanmasi ile basvuran hastalarin klinik bulgulari ve travma skorlarinin hasta prognozu ve mortalitesine etkisinin incelenmesi amaclanmistir. Yontemler: Atesli silahla yaralanan hastalar geriye donuk olarak arsivden incelendi. Hastalarin yasi, cinsiyeti, acil servise basvuru zamani, yarali vucut bolgeleri, goruntu raporlari, hastanede yatis durumu ve olum oranlari analiz edildi. Tum hastalar icin Glaskow Koma Skalasi (GKS), Revize Travma Skoru (RTS), Yaralanma Şiddet Skoru (ISS) ve Travma ve Yaralanma Şiddet Skoru (TRISS) oranlari hastanin prognozunu ongormesi amacli hesaplandi. Bulgular: Yaralanmalarin cogu (%50.8) ve en yuksek olum yuzdesi (%66.7) 16.01-24.00 saatleri arasinda gerceklesti. En sik gorulen yaralanmalarin alt ekstremite yaralanmalari (n:39, %63.9) ve ust ekstremite yaralanmalari (n: 29,%47.5) oldugu belirlendi. Ortalama GCS skoru 13±3.6, ortalama RTS 7.07±2.23, ortalama ISS 12.36±10.48 ve penetran travma icin ortalama TRISS hayatta kalma olasiligi %88.59 idi. 18 hasta (% 29.5) acil servisten tedavi edilip taburcu edildi ve 19 hasta (% 31.2) servise, 9 hasta (% 14.8) yogun bakim unitesine yatirildi. Hastalarin cogu Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji bolumunde hastaneye kaldirildi. Mortalitesi olan hastalarda GKS, RTS ve TRISS hayatta kalan hastalara gore istatistiksel olarak anlamli derecede dusuktu ve ISS istatistiksel olarak anlamli derecede yuksekti (p = 0.000). Mortalite orani %9.8 olarak saptandi Sonuc: Atesli silah yaralanmalari ozellikle bas, gogus ve karin bolgesinde yuksek olum oraniyla iliskili ciddi yaralanmalara neden olabilir. GKS, ISS, RTS ve TRISS travma skor sistemlerinin atesli silah yaralanmalarinda prognoz ve mortalite oranlarini tahmin etmede faydali olacagini dusundurmektedir.
Genes with Cold Shock Domain from Eutrema salsugineum (Pall.) for Generating a Cold Stress Tolerance in Winter Rape (Brassica napus L.) Plants

The increased demand in vegetable oil for food purposes and high-protein feed for livestock and poultry encourages producers to expand the production of various oil crops, while occupying rather cold agroclimatic zones. Improved cold and frost resistance of cultivated crops would significantly increase the yield and expand the range of rape cultivation in a number of cold climate regions. Nine transgenic lines of winter rape containing genes encoding proteins with a cold shock domain (CspA и EsCSDP3) were obtained as a result of Agrobacterium transformation. In total, 260 explants were involved in transformation of rape using pBI121-CSPA-plant, with a transformation efficiency of 2.3%; among 750 explants using the pBI-EsCSDP3 construction, the efficiency was 0.4%. As a result of the studies, it was shown that the expression of the new gene Escsdp3 from the plant of Eutrema salsugineum was able to increase the cold and frost resistance of plants as effectively as the cspa gene from E. coli, which is classically used for this purpose. The cold resistance analysis of T1 transgenic plants generation revealed four cold resistant winter rape lines (three lines with the cspA-plant gene and one line with the Escsdp3 gene). The transfer of Escsdp3 and cspA-plant genes into winter rape plants led to a significant increase in frost resistance of plants. Two winter rapeseed lines were resistant to freezing (with the cspA-plant gene and with the Escsdp3 gene). Non-hardened transgenic plants remained viable after 24 h of exposure to negative temperatures up to −5 °C, and plants that passed through the hardening stage survived after freezing at −16 °C.
Factors Causing Discretionary Auditor Change in the Insurance Industry: Evidence from Jordan

: Purpose: This study aims to examine the effect of several factors on the discretionary change of external auditors in the insurance industry in Jordan. Design/Methodology/Approach: A discretionary change of an external auditor is the change that takes place before the end of the maximum allowed auditor tenure period (4-year in Jordan). The study sample comprises all Jordanian insurance companies with complete data for the period (2014–2018), and used a logistic regression model to test the hypotheses. Findings: The study results revealed that modified audit opinion and change in firm’s management significantly positively affect discretionary auditor change, while firm growth has a significant negative effect. The study recommends that the Jordanian Securities Commission issue instructions that prevent the firm new management from changing the auditor unnecessarily to work with a particular one with whom it might has a special relationship. Practical Implications: The study claimed that due to the threat of discretionary change, the lack of auditor independence may lead to biased reports that may involve incorrect information and materially misstated financial statements that cover problems facing the firm and thus harm the company, industry, and the economy at large. Originality/Value: The company incurs additional costs and time to select a new auditor and suffers the loss of experience and knowledge developed by the previous one, which may raise questions about the entity’s policy. Therefore it is important to consider the solution proposed by this study.
An interesting rare tylenchid species, Antarctenchus urmiensis n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha; Psilenchidae) from Urmia Lake islands, northwest Iran, with a discussion on the taxonomy of related genera

Abstract A population of an amphidelphic tylenchid nematode was recovered from Urmia Lake islands in association with native shrubs of the region. It had a Tylenchidae-type cloacal bursa in male and looked morphologically similar to the genera under the family Psilenchidae sensu Siddiqi, representing a new species, described and illustrated in present study as Antarctenchus urmiensis n. sp. It is characterized by the slender body at anterior region, gradually narrowing toward posterior end. Four lines in lateral fields in extremities, increasing to six at mid-body. Deirids at secretory-excretory pore (S-E pore) level and phasmids at 38–62% of the tail. Low-expanded cephalic region having a moderately sclerotized cephalic framework, continuous with body, and not flattened dorso-ventrally. Finely annulated cuticle. Amphidial apertures pore-like. Short (13–15 µm long) stylet, its conus 35–42% of the total length and three small tear-drop like knobs. Pharynx with ellipsoid metacorpus and small valve, small saccate pharyngeal bulb offset from intestine. Reproductive system didelphic-amphidelphic, vulva with no membrane or epyptigma. Tail conical, not elongate or filiform, usually slightly ventrally bent, with a sharp or blunt tip and a small indentation at dorsal side close to tip. Males with similar anterior body region and tail to those of female, tylenchoid spicules and small cloacal bursa. In molecular phylogenetic analyses using partial small and large subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU and LSU rDNA D2-D3) sequences, the new species appeared as an independent lineage between the clades of Hoplolaimina sensu Siddiqi and the clades of Atetylenchus spp. + Psilenchus spp. in the SSU phylogeny. In LSU phylogeny, it placed in a clade including representatives of Atetylenchus, Psilenchus, Amplimerlinius, Pratylenchoides, Nagelus, and Geocenamus. The currently available phylogenies and taxonomic frameworks were re-evaluated for the placement of the didelphic Tylenchidae-like genera, the overall results showing the best resolution is achieved with the family concept of Psilenchidae under Dolichodoroidea.
Long‐term hydrological assessment of remote sensing precipitation from multiple sources over the lower Yangtze River basin, China

Multi‐source remote sensing precipitation products are being used more and more frequently for rainfall analysis and hydrological applications around the world. The aim of the present study was to assess the variances and uncertainty of long‐term precipitation and corresponding hydrological simulations from 1984 to 2016 using rain gauge measurements, two satellite rainfall products retrieved from the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) and the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks – Climate Data Record (PERSIANN‐CDR) respectively, along with rainfall reanalysis data from the ERA‐Interim over the lower Yangtze River basin, China. The results indicated overestimation from ERA‐Interim and PERSIANN‐CDR on seasonal rainfall. CPC rainfall estimation had marginal bias with rain gauge measurements among all the remote sensing rainfall products on a daily scale, while the ERA‐Interim tended to overestimate when the rainfall rate was less than 50 mm. On a monthly scale, CPC rainfall estimations were very close to the rain gauge measurements, with a correlation coefficient of 0.96, whilst the ERA‐Interim rainfall products showed significant overestimation in February, March and September. Nevertheless, all remote sensing rainfall products achieved good performance in June and July, showing promising potential to be an alternative to rainfall data for long‐term water resource analysis. Furthermore, ERA‐Interim rainfall products did not perform as well as the other rainfall sources in flow simulations, as evidenced by the large root‐mean‐square error and bias. CPC rainfall products outperformed all other rainfall sources in terms of the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient at all temporal scales. In addition, the skill scores suggested that the performance of the streamflow simulation improved significantly on a monthly scale, with a higher Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient and smaller total streamflow errors.
Fintech as financial inclusion: Factors affecting behavioral intention to accept mobile E-wallet during Covid-19 outbreak

Mobile e-wallet or digital e-wallet is one of the emerging Financial Technologies (FinTech) that has become extremely prevalent during the last few years. As even the technology is growing, it is crucial that researchers recognize the factors that affect technology adaptation. Even, with the world's pandemic and the digitalisation of the banking system and modes of payment, it may have and disability. This research paper will therefore concentrate on defining the factors affecting behavioral intent to implement mobile e-wallet after the COVD-19 outbreak. The indicators highlighted in the paper are perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived health, perceived social impact, perceived value. Health alert, transactional costs and their impact on mobile e-wall adoption. The data was analyzed using multiple regression analysis, Alpha and Factor analysis from Cronbach. The study revealed a significant impact including its estimated model on the behaviour intent to implement mobile e-wallet. © 2021 Karadeniz Technical University. All rights reserved.
Inflammatory and Proliferative Pathway Activation in Human Esophageal Myofibroblasts Treated with Acidic Bile Salts

Subepithelial human esophageal myofibroblasts (HEMFs) in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are exposed to luminal contents via impaired squamous epithelium barrier integrity. The supernatant of HEMFs treated with acidic bile salts reflective of in vivo reflux increases squamous epithelial thickness. We aimed to identify the involved mechanisms using an unbiased approach. Acidic-bile-salt-treated primary HEMF cultures (n = 4) were submitted for RNA-Seq and analyzed with Partek Flow followed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). A total of 1165 molecules (579 downregulated, 586 upregulated) were differentially expressed, with most top regulated molecules either extracellular or in the plasma membrane. Increases in HEMF CXCL-8, IL-6, AREG, and EREG mRNA, and protein secretion were confirmed. Top identified canonical pathways were agranulocyte and granulocyte adhesion and diapedesis, PI3K/AKT signaling, CCR5 signaling in macrophages, and the STAT3 pathway. Top diseases and biological functions were cellular growth and development, hematopoiesis, immune cell trafficking, and cell-mediated response. The targets of the top upstream regulator ErbB2 included CXCL-8, IL-6, and AREG and the inhibition of CXCL-8 in the HEMF supernatant decreased squamous epithelial proliferation. Our work shows an inflammatory/immune cell and proliferative pathways activation in HEMFs in the GERD environment and identifies CXCL-8 as a HEMF-derived chemokine with paracrine proliferative effects on squamous epithelium.
The Role of Fibro-Adipogenic Progenitors in Musculoskeletal Disease

201 SUMMARY Skeletal muscle consists of heterogeneous cell populations that work in concert to support musculoskeletal homeostasis and regeneration in the context of acute injury and chronic disease. In this past decade, the recently discovered sub-population of muscle resident stem cells known as fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis and regenerative response to a number of musculoskeletal conditions ranging from acute muscle injury to neurodegenerative disease, muscular dystrophy, rotator cuff tears, sarcopenia and heterotopic ossification. The purpose of this literature review is to synthesize a complete collection of basic, translational, and clinical science evidence implicating FAPs in the pathogenesis and regenerative response to acute and chronic musculoskeletal diseases. This study is an extensive literature review of papers recently published on FAPs in the development of acute and chronic musculoskeletal degeneration, and their potential role in therapeutic regeneration of these injuries. In this review, we highlight the multipotency of FAPs on a molecular level and review their role in the pathogenesis of acute, chronic, and degenerative musculoskeletal disorders with implications for the development of future novel therapeutic interventions.
When games are the only fashion in town: Covid-19, Animal Crossing, and the future of fashion

The fashion industry is articulated upon the personalities of bodies, the intimacy of the product’s touch and feel, the community of trends and tribes. The effect of Covid-19 has been far-reaching and indiscriminate, not only for the maintenance of the practical and commercial infrastructure of fashion, but also for the very identity of fashion itself. In the first instance there was the very direct response of turning factories over to the production of protective equipment and the positioning of the face mask as a fashion item. The impact of the virus on production, including the closure of factories, has magnified already existing attention on outsourcing and the uncertain welfare of workers in poorer economies manufacturing the bulk of fast fashion. At the same time, slow fashion movements such as luxury rental may never recover. Fundamentally there has also been a transformative shift in fashion’s identity. Fashion struggles with social distance and hoards trending products. Fashion has already been confronting its record on sustainability, but with the impact of the virus, the object of fashion’s commercial model is moving even further away from that of the turnover of the individual product and closer to a discourse of reuse and duration. Ultimately, and perhaps inevitably, the fashion industry has had to reconcile a retail model of selling less product rather than more. Fashion is becoming less ‘eventful’ and the display of fashion’s twenty-first-century boulevardier is increasingly a mediated and virtual presence, rather than a vibrant one. In this respect, the consumer’s belief in the provenance of the fashion product (and the authenticity and assurance of labelling) becomes the object at stake and in transaction, rather than the product itself. The social life of fashion is thus becoming more difficult to recognize but, in many ways, also easier to find. Covid-19 has presented specific challenges to the fashion industry, some well beyond the immediate retail relationship. Not only individual brands, but also to a large extent the industry itself, have been forced to re-position and secure identity and resilience. One particularly extraordinary phenomenon has been the translation of fashion into the fan communities of Animal Crossing: New Horizons, the latest release of Nintendo’s social simulation video game series, Animal Crossing. I say extraordinary, but in many ways the fashioning of Animal Crossing and the gaming of fashion were a long time coming.
The correlation of chest x-ray findings and clinical parameters with outcome in COVID positive obstetric patients

Aim and Objectives: The present study was done to study correlation of chest x-ray findings and clinical parameters with outcome in COVID-19 pregnant subjects. Materials and Method: The study was conducted after clearance from Board of Studies and Ethical committee in the Department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Muzaffarnagar medical college, Muzaffarnagar. The study population was selected on the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study population consisted of 63 pregnant mothers. Results: Majority of the study population belonged to 26-30 years age group (42.4%) and 20-25 years (41.3%). The most common symptoms at presentation was Sore throat (87.3%) followed by Cough (76.2%) and Fever (58.7. The chest X-ray showed that pneumonitis was seen among 38.1% patients with 23.8% having bilateral pneumonitis, 6.3% having left sided pneumonitis and 7.9% having right sided pneumonitis. Among symptomatic patients 91.6% patients showed chest x-ray findings of pneumonitis however, in asymptomatic patients only 40% showed positive chest x-ray findings. Conclusion: Among the 5 patients who developed adverse outcome as mortality nd ICU admissions all had positive x-ray findings of pneumonitis. Also, majority of symptomatic patients had positive chest x-ray findings thus making chest x-ray an effective tool to predict outcome in COVID positive pregnant females.
New developments in drone‐based automated surface survey: Towards a functional and effective survey system

This paper presents new developments on drone‐based automated survey for the detection of individual items or fragments of material culture visible on the ground surface. Since the publication of our original proof of concept, awarded with the Journal of Archaeological Science and Society for Archaeological Sciences Emerging Investigator Award 2019, additional funding has allowed us to implement a series of improvements to the method. These aim to improve detection capabilities and the extraction of items' shapes and increase flight autonomy, control, area covered per flight and the type of environments in which the method can be applied while reducing computing needs, processing time and expertise necessary for its application. This paper provides an account of the methods followed to achieve these objectives, their preliminary results and the current development for their implementation into a free and open‐source system that can be used by the archaeological community at large.
Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has high incidence and mortality. Risk factors for AKI in COVID-19 patients are not well explored. This systematic review provides a combination of available evidence regarding risk factors of AKI in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: A systematic research was performed in Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ScienceDirect journal databases from 2019 to August 2020. The study selection process was plotted using a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses flow diagram. RESULTS: Out of 553 studies found, four full-text studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in qualitative analysis. There are 2205 COVID-19 patients with AKI (36.44%) from 6051 COVID-19 patients. Age was a risk factors for AKI in two studies (odds ratio [OR] 1.03 [p < 0.001], OR 1.03 [p < 0.007]). Critical condition of patient is risk factors for AKI (OR 8.155 [p = 0.006]). Hirsch et al. stated that diabetes mellitus (OR 1.74 [p < 0.001]), cardiovascular disease (OR 1.48 [p < 0.001]), and hypertension (OR 1.25 [p = 0.02]) are also risk factors. Laboratory results such as elevated procalcitonin (PCT) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 showed positive association to AKI in COVID-19 patients (OR 4.822 [p = 0.037]; OR 13.451 [p = 0.016]). A higher sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score at admission is one of the risk factors (OR 1.498 [p = 0.027]). CONCLUSION: Demographics, clinical classification of COVID-19, comorbidities, SOFA score, PCT, and eGFR can help clinicians predict AKI in COVID-19 patients.