Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Technology Use Among Interns and Their Partnership Teachers

Traditional understandings of learning to teach typically involve the placement of a novice teacher with a more experienced mentor whose role is to supervise and guide the mentee. However, many mentees are more knowledgeable and skilled in the use of such technologies than their mentors (Dexter & Reidel, 2003). The purpose of the study was to investigate interns’ and partnership teachers’ (mentors) use of technology, beliefs about technology, and obstacles to technology integration. Interns’ use of technology during their internship was examined both in relation to the mentoring they received as well as to the broader implications for instructional practice. Interns on average rated their skills with using technology higher than that of their partnership teachers. Interns viewed the barriers to technology as being less substantial than their partnership teachers; however there were few differences between partnership teachers and interns in their beliefs about the value of technology integration. The findings of the study raise some important issues about interns’ use of technology in teaching and learning and the problems of providing appropriate mentors.
Effects Of Raw Garlic (Allium Sativum ) On Hyperglycemia In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Summary Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders that results in hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin utilization or decreased insulin production. Allium sativum, commonly known as “Garlic”, belongs to the family Lilliaceae, an indigenous antidiabetic plant popularly used in South India for diabetes mellitus. They possess antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, antineoplastic and antithrombotic effects. Garlic has been claimed to be an excellent remedy for cancer and heart disease. This clinical trial was conducted on newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients (n=20). Diabetic patients were selected from Ehrlich laboratory, Chennai and were divided in to two groups each comprising of 10 patients. An equal number of healthy groups were also investigated. The subjects were male ranging in age from 40360 years. Diabetic patients were received raw garlic 3 small sized raw garlic cloves (1 clove = 1.2g) once orally daily in the morning in fasting condition (12314 hrs) for 30 days. After 30 days of treatment, the blood samples were obtained from all groups of subjects by venous arm puncture into heparinised tubes from all groups of subjects. The serum was separated and the biochemical factors were measured. The results showed a significant reduction in blood glucose level, lipid metabolism and significant improvement in Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in erythrocytes of diabetic patients when compared with normal. Garlic decreases the serum cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and low3density lipoprotein (LDL) while increasing the high3density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction. The results of the present study suggest that raw garlic exerts its antidiabetic effect through its potent antioxidant agents (gallo3ellagi) tannoids. Based on these results it is concluded that garlic is a more potent antidiabetic effect.
Phytobiotic additives and sodium butyrate as alternatives to antibiotics for weanling pigs

espanolObjetivando-se estudar os efeitos de aditivos fitogenicos e butirato de sodio como alternativas aos antimicrobianos promotores de crescimento na morfometria e histologia intestinal de leitoes recem-desmamados aos 21 dias de idade foi realizado um experimento com 60 leitoes distribuidos em delineamento de blocos casua-lizados completos com cinco tratamentos: controle (T1) - racao basal; com antimicrobiano (T2); com aditivos fitogenicos (T3); com butirato de sodio (T4) e com aditivos fitogenicos mais butirato de sodio (T5) e quatro repeticoes com tres animais por repeticao. Os tratamentos foram comparados por contrastes entre medias. Os leitoes dos tratamentos T2, T3, T4 e T5 apresentaram menor media na relacao peso:comprimento do intestino delgado (p= 0,02) do que os do tratamento controle (T1). A media dos tratamentos T3 e T4 para o peso relativo do ceco foi menor (p= 0,09) e para a densidade de vilosidades do duodeno (DV) dos leitoes foi maior (p= 0,06) em relacao aos do T5. Constatou-se ainda que as DV do duodeno dos leitoes do T3 foram maiores (p= 0,02) que as dos leitoes do T4. No jejuno, a media das DV dos leitoes dos tratamentos T2, T3, T4 e T5 foi maior (p= 0,03) que a dos leitoes do tratamento T1 e os leitoes do T4 apresentaram maiores DV (p= 0,08) que os do tratamento T3. Os diferentes aditivos demonstraram eficacia na manutencao ou no aumento do numero de vilos no jejuno. Os aditivos fitogenicos e o butirato de sodio, adicionados individualmente as racoes dos animais, proporcionaram integridade morfometrica e fisiologica no intestino de leitoes desmamados aos 24 dias de idade. EnglishThe purpose of this trial was to evaluate the effects of phytobiotic additives and sodium butyrate as alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters based on organs morphometry and intestinal histology for piglets weaned at 21 days old. A 34-d randomized complete block design experiment was carried out, with sixty weanling pigs, to compare five treatments: control (T1) - basal diet; antimicrobial (T2); phytobiotic (T3); sodium butyrate (T4) and phytobiotic + sodium butyrate (T5), three animals per pen (experimental unit) and four replications per treatment. Specific contrasts were tested. Organs morphometry showed that the average of treatments T2, T3, T4 e T5 for weight:length ratio of small intestine was lower (p= 0.02) than that of control treatment. The average of T3 and T4 treatments for caecum relative weight was lower (p= 0.09) and for DV of duodenum of weanling pigs was higher (p= 0.06) than that of the T5. Piglets of T3 showed higher DV (p= 0.02) than those of T4. Jejunum DV average of treatments T2, T3, T4 e T5 was higher (p= 0.03) than that of T1, and piglets of T4 showed higher DV (p= 0.08) than those of T3. The additives were effectives in keeping or improving villous number of jejunum. However, phytobiotic additives and sodium butyrate added individually in animal diets provided morphological and physiological integrity in the intestine of piglets weaned at 24 days old.
Rutter's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Rutter's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry is the leading textbook in its field. Both interdisciplinary and international, it provides a coherent appraisal of the current state of the field to help researchers, trainees and practicing clinicians in their daily work. Integrating science and clinical practice, it is a comprehensive reference for all aspects of child and adolescent psychiatry. New to this full color edition are expanded coverage on classification, including the newly revised Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), and new chapters on systems neuroscience, relationship-based treatments, resilience, global psychiatry, and infant mental health. From an international team of expert editors and contributors, this sixth edition is essential reading for all professionals working and learning in the fields of child and adolescent mental health and developmental psychopathology as well as for clinicians working in primary care and pediatric settings. Michael Rutter has contributed a number of new chapters and a Foreword for this edition: "I greatly welcome this new edition as providing both a continuity with the past and a substantial new look. " -Professor Sir Michael Rutter, extract from Foreword. Reviews of previous editions: "This book is by far the best textbook of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry written to date. " -Dr Judith Rapoport, NIH "The editors and the authors are to be congratulated for providing us with such a high standard for a textbook on modern child psychiatry. I strongly recommend this book to every child psychiatrist who wants a reliable, up-to-date, comprehensive, informative and very useful textbook. To my mind this is the best book of its kind available today. " -Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
Invertebrates associated to Eichhornea azurea Kunth in a lagoon of the Upper Paraná River: composition, community attributes and influence of abiotic factors

AIM: We evaluated the composition and community attributes of invertebrates associated to Eichhornia azurea at Cascalho Lagoon, Upper Parana River, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, over a hydrological cycle, as well the possible influence of abiotic factors upon these attributes. METHODS: The samplings were conducted during 2010 in the rainy and dry periods at stands of E. azurea. The attributes evaluated were abundance, richness, diversity, evenness and dominance. The abiotic factors, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and turbidity were summarized by a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In order to verify possible differences between the mean values of the community attributes and the scores of the PCA axis in different periods, we employed null models analysis of variance. The influence of abiotic factors on each attribute was evaluated through Pearson correlations. RESULTS: We captured 3,052 individuals, distributed into 32 taxa, belonging to the phyllum Mollusca, Annelida, Nematoda and Arthropoda. Among the assessed attributes, only abundance and richness varied significantly between periods, with higher values during the rainy period. Chironomidade was dominant in both periods, whereas Notonectidae and Cyclopoida were rare in the rainy, and Bivalve, Decapoda, Haliplidae, Trichoptera and Pyralidae, in the dry period. A temporal distinction was evident only for the PCA axis 1, which represented gradients in temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH. Among the community attributes, only abundance was significant and negatively correlated with this axis. CONCLUSION: We attested that: i) the rainy period should add favorable conditions for invertebrates' higher richness and abundance in this macrophyte; ii) only the later attribute was influenced by limnological gradients.
The Effectiveness of Education Based on BASNEF Model Program in Promotion of Preventive Behavior of Leishmaniasis among Health Workers and Families under Health Centers Coverage

Background & Objective: Intervention of educational training in order to prevent the leishmaniasis in endemic areas seems necessary. This study was implemented with the aim of assessing the effectiveness of education based on BASNEF Model program in promotion of preventive behavior of leishmaniasis among Health workers and families under the coverage of Health centers. Materials & Methods: An intervention study was carried out in rural health centers during 2009.Questionnaires were completed by 20 health-workers of two rural health centers. Also 20 families under the coverage of this health centers were randomly selected to complete the questionnaire. Then four training sessions for health workers and 2 training sessions for the influential individuals were conducted to increase the enabling factors and solving their problems, weekly meetings was held with health workers representatives. After three months of health workers training the data were collected again and analyzed via Chi- Square, T Independent, T pair, Regression and Mann- Whitney statistics. Results: The mean score for the knowledge, attitude, behavior intension, enabling factors and health workers behaviors significantly increased after educational intervention in experimental group and influential individuals. The mean scores for knowledge, attitude, behavior intension, enabling factors and the behavior of attendant families under coverage also increased significantly. Conclusion: Educational program of BASNEF Model, leads to behavior change of health workers and eventually their training behavior leads to preventive actions in families under coverage.
SEM study of Sandersiella chilenica sp.nov. (Cephalocarida), with a review of the Integumentary Structures and Functional Adaptations in the Group

Se describe Sandersiella chilenica sp.nov., Cefalocarido encontrado en la pequena Bahia de Coliumo, Chile central (36o 32' lat S.; 72o56' long W), en un solo punto de una grilla de 11 estaciones estudiadas mensualmente durante 198283, en fondos con predominancia de arena fina, limo y arcilla. Solo otras cuatro especies del genero son conocidas (Sandersiella acuminata Shiino, 1965 y S.kikuchii Shimomura & Akiyama, 2008, de Japon, S. calmani Sanders & Hessler, 1973 encontrada frente a la costa de Peru, y S.bathyalis Hessler & Sanders, 1973 de Walvis Ridge, Atlantico S.E. y frente a Santos, Brasil). S. chilenica sp.nov. es diferenciable por una longitud maxima relativamente mayor, las ramas caudales mas cortas y proporcionalmente mas gruesas, y por la forma orbicular del segundo podomero del exopodito del toracopodo 6. El estudio de la morfologia externa con microscopia de barrido nos ha permitido proponer la diferenciacion y clasificacion de setas y otras estructuras cuticulares externas, siguiendo las clasificaciones propuestas para Crustaceos en general, reconociendo que falta clarificar si se trata de simples analogias o de verdaderas homologias
Effect of a tourist-ignited wildfire on Nothofagus pumilio forests at Torres del Paine biosphere reserve, Chile (Southern Patagonia)

Se describe el impacto de un incendio causado por un turista en la reserva de la biosfera Torres del Paine en el 2005 que destruyo aproximadamente 2.000 ha de bosques. Se muestran los cambios ocurridos en atributos de bosques de Nothofagus pumilio incluyendo estructura, regeneracion y composicion floristica. Se comparan tres grupos de parcelas con sitio y estructura semejantes: parcelas incendiadas (CMBP) y parcelas adyacentes no incendiadas (CMUP) del Cordon Masle, y parcelas no incendiadas de Cerro Paine (CPUP), fuera del perimetro del incendio. Se utilizo analisis no parametricos univariados (Mann-Whitney) y multivariados (MRPP e ISA). En los sitios incendiados, el fuego redujo en promedio el 91,7 % de la densidad arborea y el 70,9 % del area basal. El promedio de plantulas fue de 23.625 y 22.750 ha-1 en CPUP y CMUP, respectivamente, mientras que en CMBP se redujo a 1.125 ha-1. El dosel colapso y la cobertura y riqueza de especies de sotobosque incremento significativamente en las parcelas incendiadas. El promedio de exoticas incremento de 1,5 y 0,7 especies en CPUP y CMUP, respectivamente, hasta 11,9 especies en CMBP. La mortalidad de arboles, escasa regeneracion, invasion biologica y el colapso del dosel, estan alterando las vias sucesionales de los bosques reduciendo su capacidad de recuperacion, dificultando los esfuerzos de restauracion. Se propone a los administradores enfatizar esfuerzos en prevencion de incendios y desarrollar informacion sobre indicadores de biodiversidad para los planes de manejo, para asi conocer mas sobre la integridad ecologica de los ecosistemas y el impacto provocado por la recreacion.
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences Attitude of Dental Students towards Their Oral Health Care

Dental students have a major role in dental health promotion not only through their skills but also as a role model for the general population. Therefore, this study intended to evaluate the attitude of undergraduate dental students towards their self oral care. This study also intended to find out the difference in attitude between the genders and between the students in the preclinical and clinical year. This is a questionnaire based study conducted in four colleges in Bangalore. The study was conducted using a modified version of HU-DBI questionnaire. The participants gave their responses according to five point Likert scale. High scores denoted the strength of positivity of the attitude. The data was analyzed using SPSS. Student t-test was used to find the significance level. Questionnaire was distributed to 430 students, out of which 421 students answered, that included consisted of 191 females (45.4%) and 230 males (54.6%). Among 421 participants, 199 participants (47.2%) belong to preclinical year of study and 222 (52.7%) from clinical year of study. Mean per question was higher in clinical year students when compared to preclinical year students, indicating the improvement in the attitude with the progress in the academic years. There was no significant difference in attitude between the genders towards the oral care. The current study shows that dental students show better attitude towards their dental care and they may form a better role model for the general population and patients.
Genetic variability in the peach palm genebank with RAPD markers

Peach palm is a native Amazonian fruit species with broad genetic diversity in its wild and domesticated populations. This study completed the molecular characterization and genetic analysis of the accessions in the Peach Palm genebank, Brazil, using RAPD markers. Eight primers generated 132 markers, of which 128 were polymorphic. Average heterozigosity was 0.35, with 95.5% polymorphism. The genetic variability within the landraces (HS) was 0.32, while genetic divergence (GST) was 0.09 among the four well-represented landraces. The average gene flow was 5.0, with high gene flow between the Solimoes and Pampa Hermosa (Nm=10.07), and between the Putumayo and Solimoes (Nm=10.73) landraces, all western landraces. The dendrograms of the Nei's and Rogers' genetic distances of the well-represented landraces presented similar groupings to previous analyses, with the Solimoes, Putumayo and Pampa Hermosa landraces grouped together in western Amazonia, and distant from the Para landrace in central and eastern Amazonia.
Mitonuclear conflict and cooperation govern the integration of genotypes, phenotypes and environments

The mitonuclear genome is the most successful co-evolved mutualism in the history of life on Earth. The cross-talk between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes has been shaped by conflict and cooperation for more than 1.5 billion years, yet this system has adapted to countless genomic reorganizations by each partner, and done so under changing environments that have placed dramatic biochemical and physiological pressures on evolving lineages. From putative anaerobic origins, mitochondria emerged as the defining aerobic organelle. During this transition, the two genomes resolved rules for sex determination and transmission that made uniparental inheritance the dominant, but not a universal pattern. Mitochondria are much more than energy-producing organelles and play crucial roles in nutrient and stress signalling that can alter how nuclear genes are expressed as phenotypes. All of these interactions are examples of genotype-by-environment (GxE) interactions, gene-by-gene (GxG) interactions (epistasis) or more generally context-dependent effects on the link between genotype and phenotype. We provide evidence from our own studies in Drosophila, and from those of other systems, that mitonuclear interactions—either conflicting or cooperative—are common features of GxE and GxG. We argue that mitonuclear interactions are an important model for how to better understand the pervasive context-dependent effects underlying the architecture of complex phenotypes. Future research in this area should focus on the quantitative genetic concept of effect size to place mitochondrial links to phenotype in a proper context. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Linking the mitochondrial genotype to phenotype: a complex endeavour’.
Neuromusculoskeletal Modeling-Based Prostheses for Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury

Concurrent stimulation and reinforcement of motor and sensory pathways has been proposed as an effective approach to restoring function after developmental or acquired neurotrauma. This can be achieved by applying multimodal rehabilitation regimens, such as thought-controlled exoskeletons or epidural electrical stimulation to recover motor pattern generation in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the human neuromusculoskeletal (NMS) system has often been oversimplified in designing rehabilitative and assistive devices. As a result, the neuromechanics of the muscles is seldom considered when modeling the relationship between electrical stimulation, mechanical assistance from exoskeletons, and final joint movement. A powerful way to enhance current neurorehabilitation is to develop the next generation prostheses incorporating personalized NMS models of patients. This strategy will enable an individual voluntary interfacing with multiple electromechanical rehabilitation devices targeting key afferent and efferent systems for functional improvement. This narrative review discusses how real-time NMS models can be integrated with finite element (FE) of musculoskeletal tissues and interface multiple assistive and robotic devices with individuals with SCI to promote neural restoration. In particular, the utility of NMS models for optimizing muscle stimulation patterns, tracking functional improvement, monitoring safety, and providing augmented feedback during exercise-based rehabilitation are discussed.
Disentangling the Environmental Factors That Shape Genetic and Phenotypic Leaf Trait Variation in the Tree Qualea grandiflora Across the Brazilian Savanna

Identifying the environmental factors that shape intraspecific genetic and phenotypic diversity of species can provide insights into the processes that generate and maintain divergence in highly diverse biomes such as the savannas of the Neotropics. Here, we sampled Qualea grandiflora, the most widely distributed tree species in the Cerrado, a large Neotropical savanna. We analyzed genetic variation with microsatellite markers in 23 populations (418 individuals) and phenotypic variation of 10 metamer traits (internode, petiole and corresponding leaf lamina) in 36 populations (744 individuals). To evaluate the role of geography, soil, climate, and wind speed in shaping the divergence of genetic and phenotypic traits among populations, we used Generalized Dissimilarity Modelling. We also used multiple regressions to further investigate the contributions of those environmental factors on leaf trait diversity. We found high genetic diversity, which was geographically structured. Geographic distance was the main factor shaping genetic divergence in Qualea grandiflora, reflecting isolation by distance. Genetic structure was more related to past climatic changes than to the current climate. We also found high metamer trait variation, which seemed largely influenced by precipitation, soil bulk density and wind speed during the period of metamer development. The high degree of metamer trait variation seems to be due to both, phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation to different environmental conditions, and may explain the success of the species in occupying all the Cerrado biome.
Evaluating Brassica napus and Brassica juncea meals with supplemental enzymes for use in brown-egg laying hen diets: production performance and egg quality factors

Abstract: Canola and juncea meals (CM and JM) have been thoroughly evaluated in diets of white- but not brown-shell egg laying hens (BSLH). This study compared the effects of dietary CM, JM, or soybean meal (SBM) on production performance and egg quality of BSLH. Over 48 wk, 300 Lohmann Brown-Lite laying hens were fed diets containing SBM, 10% or 20% CM (CM-10 or CM-20), and 10% or 20% JM (JM-10 or JM-20), without (-E) or with (+E) a phytase/multicarbohydrase enzyme cocktail. Egg weight decreased with CM-20 inclusion compared with SBM (P = 0.027; SBM, 63.1a; CM-10, 61.8ab; CM-20, 61.1b; JM-10, 62.6ab; JM-20, 61.7ab; g egg-1). In a meal by enzyme interaction, enzyme inclusion decreased percent shell and egg specific gravity of only the hens fed CM-20 (P ≤ 0.008). Body weight decreased (P = 0.031; -E, 2135a; +E, 2078b; g hen-1) and feed efficiency was improved (P = 0.032; -E, 1.98a; +E, 1.95b; g feed g egg mass-1) when enzyme was included in the diet. Dietary treatment did not affect mortality (P > 0.05). All performance and quality parameters were within expected ranges; therefore, 20% CM and JM can be included in BSLH diets, and enzyme inclusion can be used to improve feed efficiency regardless of meal type fed.