Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Niobrara Transgressive Hemicyclothem in Central and Eastern Colorado: The Anatomy of a Multiple Disconformity

The Niobrara Transgressive Hemicyclothen at Pueblo and to the south and west comprises four dis-crete lithostratigraphic members, separated by four and possibly five regional disconformities. The sequence disappears to the east and north as discon-formities expand, anastomose, and become a single regional unconformity, bringing pelagic Fort Hays limestones, representing maximum transgression and eustatic rise, into erosional contact with maximum regressive shoreface sandstones (Codell) of the under- lying Greenhorn Cyclothem. Eight molluscan biozones are defined within the complex Niobrara transgressive sequence in the Axial Basin. These biozones progres- sively disappear eastward within anastomosing discon-formities. Near Pueblo only three molluscan biozones are recognized within the pre-Niobrara part of the cyclothen. A sequence of four foraminiferal biofacies are defined at Pueblo and along the Colorado Front Range which reflect rapid development of clear, warm, well circulated waters early in the transgressive history. These biofacies rise stratigraphically to the west, associated with eustatic rise in sealevel, and grade laterally along any time-line from diverse open water assemblages to environmentally stressed, less diverse, assemblages westward. This lateral gradation, and the rise of foraminiferal biofacies westward, is thought to reflect the westward migration of turbid watermasses associated with the active mar-gin of the seaway during eustatic rise of the Niobrara Marine Cycle.
Omicron related COVID-19 prevention and treatment measures for patients with hematological malignancy and strategies for modifying hematologic treatment regimes

The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly become the dominant strain worldwide due to its high transmissibility, although it appears to be less pathogenic than previous strains. However, individuals with hematological malignancy (HM) and COVID-19 remain susceptible to severe infection and mortality, especially those with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and those undergoing chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) treatment. Hematologists should thoroughly assess the severity of the patient’s hematological disease and the potential risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection before initiating chemotherapy or immunosuppressive treatment. Vaccination and booster doses are strongly recommended and patients with a poor vaccine response may benefit from long-acting COVID-19 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (such as Evusheld). Early use of small molecule antiviral drugs is recommended for managing mild COVID-19 in HM patients and those with severe immunodeficiency may benefit from SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing monoclonal antibody therapy and high-titer COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP). For moderate to severe cases, low-dose glucocorticoids in combination with early antiviral treatment can be administered, with cytokine receptor antagonists or JAK inhibitors added if the condition persists or worsens. In the treatment of hematological malignancies, delaying chemotherapy is preferable for CLL, acute leukemia (AL), and low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), but if the disease progresses, appropriate adjustments in dosage and frequency of treatment are required, with the avoidance of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, CAR-T and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) can continue current treatment. What’s more, non-drug protective measures, the development of new vaccines and antiviral drugs, and monitoring of mutations in immunocompromised populations are particularly important.
Effect of aspect on distribution pattern of Anogeissus latifolia (Wall Ex Bedd) in subtropical belt of Garhwal Himalaya, India

This paper reports on effect of aspect on distribution pattern of Anogeissus latifolia is an important fuel, fodder and timber species of sub-tropical belt of Garhwal Himalaya. The study was carried out in two aspects i.e., south-east (SE) aspect and south-west (SW) aspect in sub-tropical region (300 29’ N and 780 24’ E) of Garhwal Himalaya between 700 and 1000 m elevations. The total density and total basal cover values were 990 (SW aspect) and 1150 (SE aspect) trees ha-1 and 8.753 (SE aspect) and 10.448 m2 ha-1 (SW aspect) respectively. The tree density and basal cover values for A. latifolia was 900 trees ha-1 and 6.767 m2 ha-1 on SE aspect and 770 trees ha-1 and 7.630 m2 ha-1 on SW aspect. The higher density of A. latifolia on SE aspect, could be due to warmer favorable conditions for new growth, which influenced higher girth classes of 11-20 and 21-30 cm. Similarly the higher total basal cover values of A. latiflolia on SW aspect might be due relatively low number of tree species and open habitat favored higher girth classes of 41-50 and 51-60 cm. The distribution pattern of species was contagious. The concentration of dominance was higher on SW aspect and lower on SE aspect. Similarly, the diversity followed a in reverse trend. The higher and lower values of equitability were on SE and SW aspects. The diversity values were 0.960 (SW aspect) and 1.155 (SE aspect). Keywords : Anogeissus latifolia - Distribution pattern – Aspect – Garhwal – Himalaya – Sub - tropical
Assessment of genetically modi ﬁ ed maize MON 87427 3 MON 87460 3 MON 89034 3 MIR162 3 NK603 and subcombinations, for food and feed uses, under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA-GMO-NL-2016-134)

Maize MON 87427 9 MON 87460 9 MON 89034 9 MIR162 9 NK603 ( ﬁ ve-event stack maize) was produced by conventional crossing to combine ﬁ ve single events: MON 87427, MON 87460, MON 89034, MIR162 and NK603. The GMO Panel previously assessed the ﬁ ve single maize events and eleven of the subcombinations and did not identify safety concerns. No new data on the single maize events or the 11 subcombinations that could lead to modi ﬁ cation of the original conclusions on their safety were identi ﬁ ed. The molecular characterisation, comparative analysis (agronomic, phenotypic and compositional characteristics) and the outcome of the toxicological, allergenicity and nutritional assessment indicate that the combination of the single maize events and of the newly expressed proteins in the ﬁ ve-event stack maize does not give rise to food and feed safety and nutritional concerns. The GMO Panel concludes that the ﬁ ve-event stack maize, as described in this application, is as safe as and nutritionally equivalent to its non-GM comparator and the non-GM reference varieties tested. In the case of accidental release of viable grains of the ﬁ ve-event stack maize into the environment, this would not raise environmental safety concerns. The GMO Panel assessed the likelihood of interactions among the single events in the 14 maize subcombinations not previously assessed and concludes that these are expected to be as safe as and nutritionally equivalent to the single events, the previously assessed subcombinations and the ﬁ ve-event stack maize. The post-market environmental monitoring plan and reporting intervals are in line with the intended uses of the ﬁ ve-event stack maize. Post-market monitoring of food/feed is not considered necessary. The GMO Panel concludes that the ﬁ ve-event stack maize and its subcombinations are as safe as its non-GM comparator and the tested non-GM reference varieties with respect to potential effects on human and animal health and the environment.
SEROPREVALENCE OF HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV) 16 AMONG WOMEN WITH SYMPTOMS OF REPRODUCTIVE TRACT INFECTION

Background: Human Papilloma Viruses (HPV) are major etiological agents associated with the development of cervical cancer. HPV 16 is the most carcinogenic among the 13 high-risk types of HPV considered to cause cervical cancer. Estimation of IgG antibodies against HPV16 can be used for large scale screening of women with reproductive tract symptoms. Materials and Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted among 200 women in the age group of 25-65 years for a period of one year. After collection of blood by venepuncture, separation of serum was carried out and IgG antibody to HPV16 was detected by ELISA. Result: The seroprevalence of HPV in this study was 2.5%. The higher prevalence was detected among the patients in the age group 26-35 years. 100 % of IgG positive patients belonged to below poverty line and were house wives. All the five seropositive patients had their first child birth between 20-25 years. HPV seropositivity was associated with diabetes mellitus, family history of cervical cancer and use of contraceptives like barrier contraceptives, intra uterine contraceptive device (IUCD), oral contraceptive device (OCP) and injectable contraceptives. Conclusion: Being a vaccine preventable cancer awareness should be created among people regarding the importance of HPV vaccination. Screening for cervical cancer should be encouraged in all women presenting with symptoms of reproductive tract infection in the hospital settings.
People with high self-control have increased performance and neural efficiency in temporally uncertain vigilance tasks

The vigilance decrement, the decline in behavioral adaptability seen after sustaining attention over time, has been a monumental problem in the applied sciences for the past 70 years. Trait selfcontrol is a measure of the general capability to regulate one’s own cognitive resources. In the present study, participants performed a 24-minute vigilance task that was either synchronous (temporally regular) or asynchronous (temporally irregular). We empirically investigated the effects of self-control, watch period, and event asynchrony on performance and neural resource expenditure through functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Here we demonstrate that trait self-control indexes an operator’s capability to prevent making false alarms. Additionally, we elaborate on the functional role of self-control in optimizing right parietal resource usage and subsequently, resilience against the vigilance decrement. Finally, we discuss theoretical and practical implications for Neuroergonomics practitioners.
Characteristics of Nuclei in Chinese Freshwater Cultured Pearls

GEMS & GEMOLOGY Summer 2000 hina is producing an estimated 600 to 1,000+ metric tons of freshwater cultured pearls (FWCPs) annually, of which totally round FWCPs larger than 8 mm represent a fraction of a percentage point (“China starts pearling revolution,” 2000; Xie Shaohe, pers. comm., June 2000). Typically, Chinese FWCPs are tissue nucleated; that is, they are composed almost entirely of nacre, without the internal bead used to produce saltwater cultured pearls. However, since the appearance over the past several years of large (10+ mm) near-spherical freshwater cultured pearls from China, in a variety of colors (see cover and figure 1), the trade has been rife with rumors about how they are grown. Pearl dealers, industry authors, and some gemologists have suggested that the implant made to grow these cultured pearls is more than tissue alone. Most recently, articles in the trade press (see, e.g., Matlins, 1999–2000a and b, 2000; Ward, 2000) have claimed that the vast majority of large FWCPs currently being described as “non-nucleated” are bead nucleated, with the largest sizes obtained by multiple insertions and reinsertions of nuclei formed from low-quality, all-nacre freshwater cultured pearls. The main concerns expressed in these publications have been that cultured pearls produced in such a manner require shorter growing times than are typically claimed for tissue-nucleated FWCPs, and that they are indistinguishable from normal tissue-nucleated cultured pearls— and in some cases from natural pearls—on X-radiographs. Similar claims about the reuse of tissue-nucleated FWCPs to produce large round FWCPs in China have also appeared in the professional literature (Rinaudo et al., 1999). Matlins based her assertions on an examination of two Chinese FWCPs that had been sawn in half (A. Matlins, pers. comm., February 2000). However, neither these specific samples, nor descriptive photographs or X-radiographs of them, have yet been made publicly available. Ward’s most CHARACTERISTICS OF NUCLEI IN CHINESE FRESHWATER CULTURED PEARLS
Transcriptomic Analysis on Pectoral Muscle of European Meat Pigeons and Shiqi Pigeons during Embryonic Development

Simple Summary The meat production performance of pigeons is largely determined by the growth and development of skeletal muscle, and the pectoral muscle accounts for a large proportion of skeletal muscle. The incubation period of pigeons is around 18 days. In order to better investigate the developmental phenotypic differences and hub differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the pectoral muscles between the European meat pigeon Mimas strain and the Shiqi pigeon during the whole embryonic stages, we selected embryonic day 6 (E6), day 10 (E10), day 14 (E14) and day 1 after birth (P1), representing early embryonic development, mid-embryonic development, late-embryonic development, and the first day after hatching. H&E staining and RNA-seq at different embryonic stages were analyzed. It was found that myofiber density was significantly higher in the Shiqi pigeon than that of the European meat pigeon on E6, and myofibers with a diameter in the range of 1~50 μm in the Shiqi pigeon were significantly higher than those in the European meat pigeon on P1. In addition, we found several myogenic DEGs (CLU, PTGS1, NXK6-1, NR1H4, HNF1A, ABCB11, PLA2G12B and BPHL) which may play roles in regulating distinct embryonic pectoral muscle development between two pigeon breeds. This study provides basic data for revealing the distinct embryonic developmental mechanisms of pectoral muscle between European meat pigeons and Shiqi pigeons. Abstract In avian muscle development, embryonic muscle development determines the number of myofibers after birth. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the phenotypic differences and the molecular mechanism of pectoral muscle development of the European meat pigeon Mimas strain (later called European meat pigeon) and Shiqi pigeon on embryonic day 6 (E6), day 10 (E10), day 14 (E14) and day 1 after birth (P1). The results showed that the myofiber density of the Shiqi pigeon was significantly higher than that of the European meat pigeon on E6, and myofibers with a diameter in the range of 50~100 μm of the Shiqi pigeon on P1 were significantly higher than those of European meat pigeon. A total of 204 differential expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from RNA-seq analysis in comparison between pigeon breeds at the same stage. DEGs related to muscle development were found to significantly enrich the cellular amino acid catabolism, carboxylic acid catabolism, extracellular matrix receptor interaction, REDOX enzyme activity, calcium signaling pathway, ECM receptor interaction, PPAR signaling pathway and other pathways. Using Cytoscape software to create mutual mapping, we identified 33 candidate genes. RT-qPCR was performed to verify the 8 DEGs selected—DES, MYOD, MYF6, PTGS1, MYF5, MYH1, MSTN and PPARG—and the results were consistent with RNA-seq. This study provides basic data for revealing the distinct embryonic development mechanism of pectoral muscle between European meat pigeons and Shiqi pigeons.
Field assessment of wastewater treatment facilities in the Oaxaca Valley, Mexico

Latin America and the Caribbean is the most urbanized region in the developing world. However, less than 10 percent of domestic and industrial wastewater is properly treated, causing severe environmental, health, social and economic problems. Over the past several years, Mexico has undertaken significant sanitation projects including wastewater treatment projects. State and federal water agencies have assisted both semi-urban and rural communities construct over 80 municipal wastewater treatment plants in the State of Oaxaca in southern Mexico. From July 2006 through February 2008, an investigation was conducted to evaluate ten (10) wastewater treatment systems in Oaxaca, Mexico. Nine (9) systems utilized vegetated gravel bed treatment systems and the tenth system used wastewater stabilization ponds. The objectives of the investigation were to understand the factors that motivated the communities to install wastewater treatment systems, select the type of systems, costs of the systems, and to review the design and construction of the projects. The evaluation also evaluated the social, political, economic and technical factors affecting the performance, operation and maintenance of the plants. The study found that the majority of the systems were in poor operating condition. The poor operating systems resulted from various factors including engineering designs using dated and inaccurate design criteria, inadequate operation and maintenance, and in some instances substandard construction practices.
Evaluating the Feasibility of Hydrogel-Based Neural Cell Sprays

Neurological injuries have poor prognoses with serious clinical sequelae. Stem cell transplantation enhances neural repair but is hampered by low graft survival (<ca. 5%), necessitating the development of approaches to enhance post-transplant cell viability. Intracerebral injection exerts high mechanical forces on transplant cells with risks of haemorrhage/infection. Transplant cell sprays can offer a non-invasive alternative. This study has assessed if the addition of protective, encapsulating polymer hydrogels to a cell spray format is feasible. Hydrogels (0.1% (1 mg/mL), 0.3% and 0.6% type I rat tail collagen) were trialled for spray deliverability. Cell-enriched hydrogels (containing mouse cortical astrocytes) were sprayed onto culture substrates. Astrocyte viability, cell-specific marker expression, morphology and proliferation were assessed at 24 h and 72 h post spraying. Intra-gel astrocytes and hydrogels could be co-stained using a double immunocytological technique (picrosirius red (PR)/DAB-peroxidase co-labelling). Astrocyte viability remained high post spraying with hydrogel encapsulation (>ca. 80%) and marker expression/proliferative potential of hydrogel-sprayed astrocytes was retained. Combining a cell spray format with polymer encapsulation technologies could form the basis of a non-invasive graft delivery method, offering potential advantages over current cell delivery approaches.
Triggers to repeated criminal behaviour in Ghana: An analysis of the Nsawam prison through a case study approach

Abstract Recidivism is the act of relapsing into criminal behaviour, and it is often assessed by a former prisoner’s admission to a new offence while still incarcerated. Identification of recidivism-related contributing factors is the study’s principal goal. The research method used in the study was qualitative. Data were gathered from 20 participants using the purposive sampling technique, including 10 prisoners who had already served two more terms of jail, 5 prison officers, and 5 members of the local community. Semi-structured interviews were used in the study to help with data collecting. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. Data was processed using NVivo. The study concluded that due to severe prison conditions, uneven inmate-to-officer ratios, and insufficient rehabilitation, inmate-to-inmate relationships are reinforced over inmate-officer interactions, which leads to unequal association. Also, it was discovered that conventional beliefs about the purpose of imprisonment and the absence of community re-entry programs had moulded opinions about prisons and convicts, leading to the stigmatization and discrimination of formerly jailed people in the community. Based on the findings, the study recommends that government work with other stakeholders to reduce recidivism, Nsawam Medium Security Prisons (NMSP) should be expanded to improve upon the living conditions of inmates, introduction of annual business award to honour businesses that employs more ex-prisoners.
The Influence of an Isocyanate Structure on a Polyurethane Delivery System for 2′-Deoxycytidine-5′-monophosphate

The delivery of nucleosides represents an interesting research trend in recent years due to their application in various viral infections. The main aims of this study were to develop and to characterize polyurethane particles that are intended to be used for the transport of nucleosides. Three samples have been prepared using aliphatic diisocyanates, a mixture of polyethylene glycol, polycaprolactone, and diols, respectively. The samples were characterized through refractivity measurements, drug loading efficacy, release and penetration rate investigations, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, thermal analyses, Zetasizer, SEM, HDFa cells viability, and irritation tests on mice skin. The results indicate the obtaining of particles with sizes between 132 and 190 nm, positive Zeta potential values (28.3–31.5 mV), and a refractivity index around 1.60. A good thermal stability was found, and SEM images show a medium tendency to agglomerate. The samples’ color, pH, and electrical conductivity have changed only to a small extent over time, and the evaluations indicate an almost 70% encapsulation efficacy, a prolonged release, and that around 70% of particles have penetrated an artificial membrane in the first 24 h. The synthesized products should be tested in further clinical trials, and the current tests on cell cultures and mice skin revealed no side effects.
Music therapy modulates mothers’ perception of their preterm infants

Premature birth imposes considerable challenges on the preterm infant, but also challenges the mother, who may not yet be prepared for motherhood and encounter psychological stress during the post-partum period. This secondary analysis of a prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to investigate how mothers perceive their preterm infants. We surveyed 33 mothers of preterm infants born before 32 weeks of gestation, who were participating in an RCT on music therapy. We employed the neonatal perception inventory (NPI), an instrument designed to assess the mother’s perception and expectations regarding her infant immediately after birth. Infants were randomly assigned to either standard care (control group) or standard care plus music therapy (intervention group). Eighteen mothers from the intervention group participated in the survey (mean age 34.1 ± 4.6 years) and 15 mothers from the control group (mean age 29.6 ± 4.2 years). At the time of the infant’s hospital discharge, mothers rated their expectations of how they felt a baby should behave (NPI I) and how they perceived their own infant (NPI II). The NPI score difference was calculated by subtracting the NPI II from the NPI I. Mean NPI I scores were comparable between both groups, but NPI II scores in the intervention group were better [18.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 16.6–19.4] than in the control group (19.1, 95% CI 18.0–20.3). The relative probability of mothers rating their own baby as better than average was 1.94 (95% CI 1.00–3.79) for mothers whose infants received music therapy. These findings suggest that music therapy in the neonatal intensive care unit can positively influence mothers’ perception of their hospitalized preterm infant.