Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ruehmaphelenchus sirisus sp. n. and Albiziaphelenchus arthrorostrus gen. n., sp. n. (Aphelenchoididae: Aphelenchida) from Bark of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth Infected with Bark Borers

Ruehmaphelenchus sirisus sp. n. and Albiziaphelenchus arthrorostrus gen. n. , sp. n. (Aphelenchoididae: Aphelenchida) are described from insect Crass and bark of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth trees attacked by bark borers in Haryana. Ruehmaphelenchus sirisus sp. n. : L= 460–632 m, a= 26–30, c= 22–27, c’= 2.0–2.62, V= 79–84, stylet= 11–13 m, post vulval uterine sac 2.3–2.9 vulval body widths long. Rectum and anus distinct. Female tail bluntly conoid with 5–8 m long spicate terminus. Spicules broad, rose-thorn shaped, 13–15 m long along arc, apex rounded, rostrum poorly developed, tip bluntly rounded and thin-walled. Preanal genital papilla midventral, in the region retracted spicules. Male tail rounded conoid, 1.1–1.3 anal body widths long with a short conoid projection and three pair of post anal genital papillae. Albiziaphelenchus arthrorostrus gen. n. , sp. n. : L= 431–681 m. Cuticle with narrow lateral field with two incisures. Stylet 9 m long, delicate, with very small basal swellings. Isthmus distinct. Ovary usually retlexed, post vulval uterine sac very long, sperm tear-drop shaped. Female tail with somewhat spicate terminus. Males common, spicules rose-thorn. shaped, transverse limb extending to form a rounded apex, ventral limb joining dorsal one to form narrow terminal region of the spicules with pointed tips, rostrum joined together. A pair of preanal cloacal papillae present just anterior to cloacal aperture. Tail elongated conoid, 1.9–2.7 anal body-widths long, with a ventral mucro.
Disclosure of fair value measurement techniques of financial instruments: study applied to the portuguese banking Sector according to IFRS 13

IASB has defined in IFRS 7 ―Financial Instruments: Disclosures" and in IFRS 13 "Fair Value Measurement", the set of disclosures that a company must make regarding the fair value measurement techniques used. The fair value hierarchy concept, introduced in IFRS 7 in 2009, classifies the data used in the measurement according to three levels, of which two levels introduce some subjectivity in the measurement. IFRS 7 has been amended several times with the clear intention to improve the disclosure requirements about financial instruments. IFRS 13 defines fair value, sets out a single framework for measuring fair value and requires disclosures about fair value measurements. Hence, this research aims to study the disclosure of fair value measurement techniques of the financial instruments, required by IFRS 13, of companies operating in the banking sector in Portugal from 2013 to 2015. Its purpose is to understand whether those financial instruments duly applied the accounting standards that define the required disclosures and analyse the fair value measurement techniques used for financial instruments. The results of the study allow us to conclude that companies operating in the banking sector in Portugal have not generally disclosed information on fair value measurement techniques of the financial instruments required by IFRS 13. It was also concluded that most financial instruments measured at fair value are classified at level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, which limits the degree of certainty about their values.
Accelerating effects of blebbistatin on relaxation process of cell membrane permeabilized trachea and taenia cecum from guinea pig

Blebbistatin, a potent inhibitor of myosin II, is known to suppress smooth muscle contraction without affecting myosin light chain phosphorylation level. In order to clarify the regulatory mechanisms of blebbistatin on phasic and tonic smooth muscles in detail, we examined the effects of blebbistatin on relaxation process by Ca2+ removal after Ca2+-induced contraction of β-escin skinned (cell membrane permeabilized) trachea and taenia cecum preparations from guinea pigs. Blebbistatin significantly suppressed the force during relaxation both in skinned trachea and taenia cecum. The data fitting analysis of the relaxation processes indicates that blebbistatin accelerates slow (latch-like) bridge dissociation.
Experimental and phylogenetic evidence for floral mimicry in a guild of fly‐pollinated plants

Mimicry, as an adaptive explanation for the resemblance between organisms, is not always readily distinguishable from, inter alia, coincidence, shared ancestry, or convergent evolution. We tested the hypothesis that two rare South African orchid taxa Brownleea galpinii ssp. major (nectar-producing) and Disa cephalotes ssp. cephalotes (non-rewarding) are mimics of the nectar-producing flowers of a relatively common species, Scabiosa columbaria (Dipsacaceae), with which they always occur sympatrically. Flowers of the orchids were apparently unscented and had similar dimensions and almost identical spectral reflectance to the flowers of Scabiosa. The orchids were pollinated exclusively by long-proboscid flies (Tabanidae and Nemestrinidae) that feed mainly on nectar in Scabiosa flowers. Choice experiments showed that these flies did not discriminate between the orchids and Scabiosa when alighting on their flat-topped inflorescences. However, flies were not attracted to related orchids dissimilar to Scabiosa, or to inflorescences of B. galpinii that had been artificially reconstructed in the shape of a spike, rather than a flat-topped capitulum. A phylogenetic analysis showed traits that give the orchids a resemblance to Scabiosa, such as a flat-topped inflorescence and cream floral colouration with dark spots and short spurs, to be mostly apomorphic features, and therefore likely to be relatively recent adaptations for mimicry. We caution that the term mimic should not be applied to species whose resemblance to another species is due entirely to plesiomorphic traits that, in all likelihood, evolved prior to the ecological association. © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2003, 80, 289–304.
Spatial control of mitotic exit and spindle positioning in budding yeast

1 RIASSUNTO. 5 INTRODUCTION. 11  Asymmetric cell division. 13  Spindle positioning. 20  Mitotic exit and cytokinesis. 26  Regulation of spindle position by MEN components. 37  Mitotic checkpoints. 40  Controlling mitotic exit and cytokinesis in yeast: the Spindle Position Checkpoint. 44  Regulation of Tem1. 49  Spatial distribution of MEN and SPOC components. 53 RESULTS. 59  Bub2 GAP activity involves a ‘dual finger’ mechanism and promotes Bub2/Bfa1 disappearance from the mother SPB. 61  Constitutive targeting of Bfa1 to SPBs facilitates mitotic exit by recruiting Tem1 to SPBs. 69  Activation of the FEAR pathway in anaphase is required for the unscheduled mitotic exit triggered by Spc72-Bfa1 and -Bub2 chimeric proteins. 79  A constitutively active GTP-bound Tem1 variant is SPOCdeficient and is synthetically lethal for mutants affecting spindle positioning. 83  The constitutively active Tem1-Q79L variant shows reduced asymmetry at anaphase spindle poles and impairs the asymmetry of Bfa1. 90  The TEM1-Q79L allele enhances Cdc15 loading on SPBs, without affecting the timing of mitotic exit. 98  Bub2/Bfa1 and Tem1 asymmetry is important for proper Kar9 distribution and spindle positioning. 101 MATERIALS AND METHODS. 107 DISCUSSION. 141  Tem1 GTP hydrolysis involves a catalytic glutamine in the switch II and the GAP Bub2/Bfa1. 143  Asymmetry of Bub2/Bfa1 and MEN activation. 146  An unanticipated role of Bub2/Bfa1 and Tem1 asymmetry on Kar9 distribution and spindle positioning. 152 REFERENCES. 155 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 175
Morphological and physiological characteristics of an oceanic-migrating Japanese eel Anguilla japonica off Fukushima, Japan

A female silver Japanese eel Anguilla japonica (681 mm TL) was captured by bottom trawl off Fukushima on 18 October 2013. This is the first report of an oceanic-migrating Japanese eel in the western North Pacific Ocean off northern Japan. We de- scribed the status of the silvering stage, morphological characteristics, age, developmental stage of the ovaries, and the serum levels of sex steroids for the eel. The GSI of the eel was 2.33 and the mean diameter of the largest group of oocytes was 269.9 μm and these were at the early vitellogenic stage. The serum E 2 level was 3.9 ng/ml and 11-KT was 17.9 ng/ml. These steroid levels were higher than the mean steroid levels of female silver eels captured in Hamana Lake, but other morphological and physio- logical characteristics of the eel were not much different from those of silver eels captured in river, estuary, and coastal waters.
A collection of empirical relations for use in ecological modelling

This study summarizes previously published and updated empirical relations for the estimation of production/biomass ratios in benthic invertebrates; of natural mortality in benthic invertebrates and finfish; and of respiration from production and vice versa in animal populations. AMS-EXCEL spreadsheet containing these equations is available from the author via Email. They are also included in the Ecopath with Ecosim software.
Analyse évolutive et fonctionnelle des Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factors chez les eucaryotes

Les cytokines MIFs (Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor) sont des proteines multifonctionnelles qui, chez les mammiferes, interviennent dans plusieurs processus majeurs tels que le controle du cycle et de la mobilite cellulaire, l’activation de la reponse immunitaire et l’inhibition de l’apoptose. Des travaux recents montrent que les proteines MIFs peuvent egalement jouer un role majeur dans l’immunite des invertebres, et etre utilisees par des organismes parasites d’animaux ou de vegetaux pour inhiber les defenses de leurs hotes respectifs, ce qui souleve la question de leur diversite, de leur histoire evolutive et des potentielles differences fonctionnelles. L’objectif general de ce travail de these etait d’explorer la diversite et l’histoire evolutive des proteines MIFs a une echelle trans-regne, puis de rechercher leurs eventuelles differences fonctionnelles, en se focalisant sur les systemes plantes-pathogenes. Nous avons tout d’abord identifie les MIFs chez 803 especes de plantes, champignons, protistes, et metazoaires, et analyse leur presence/absence et histoire evolutive en fonction des taxa, de l’ecologie et du mode de vie (libre ou parasitaire) des especes. Nous avons montre que l’histoire evolutive des MIFs, chez les eucaryotes, est complexe et implique des duplications ancestrales ainsi que des pertes multiples ou des re-duplications recentes. Les plantes (especes libres autotrophes) et les parasites de plantes (autres que champignons) possedent un nombre median de trois MIFs, alors que les especes heterotrophes et les parasites d’animaux ont un nombre de MIF plus faible et/ou plus variable. De plus, les proteines MIFs semblent essentielles et fortement conservees, avec de nombreux residus sous selection purifiante, chez certains groupes comme les plantes, alors que dans d’autres groupes, elles semblent facultatives (e.g. champignons) ou presentes en plusieurs copies divergentes (e.g. nematodes, insectes), ce qui suggere de potentielles neofonctionalisations. Nous avons ensuite analyse l’effet des proteines MIFs de plusieurs especes sur la mort cellulaire en systeme vegetal. Tous les organismes testes (plantes oomycetes, protozoaires, insectes et nematodes), y compris ceux n’ayant pas d’interaction avec les plantes, possedent au moins une proteine MIF capable d’inhiber cette mort cellulaire. Cela suggere que l’inhibition de la mort cellulaire en plante ne correspond pas a une neofonctionalisation des MIFs de parasites de plantes, mais serait liee a des proprietes structurales et conservees des MIFs. Toutefois, aucun des parametres etudies (localisation subcellulaire) ou predits in silico (presence de motifs, structures 3D, oligomerisation, modifications post-traductionnelles) ne semble lie a cette activite d’inhibition de la mort cellulaire. De futures etudes fonctionnelles poussees sont necessaires a l’elucidation des relations structure/fonction de ces proteines complexes.
Phenotypic characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibilities of motile aeromonads isolated from freshwater fish in Korea and Japan

We investigated the phenotypic characteristics by using API20E, APIZYM and determined minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 7 antibiotics in motile aeromonads isolated from freshwater fishes in Korea and Japan, and 4 American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strains. All isolates (n=7) were identified as motile Aeromonas species according to API20E test. Lysine decarboxylase activity and acid production from 4 different carbohydrates including mannitol, rhamnose, amygdalin and arabinose were observed in various strains. In enzymatic activities by APIZYM, all isolates showed negative reactions in valine and cystine arylamidases, α-chymotrypsin, α-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, α-glucosidase, α-mannosidase and α-fucosidase. Although the intensities of each enzymatic activity were diverse in alkaline phosphatase, esterase-lipase, leucine arylamidase, β-galactosidase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, all isolates showed positive reactions. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin sodium (MIC>100㎍/ml), but sensitive to chloramphenicol (MIC≤1.6㎍/ml). However, recently isolated strains (AC9804, AC0202 and GMA0361) were commonly resistant to tetracycline (MIC=50㎍/ml). Furthermore, AC9804 was resistant to oxolinic acid (MIC=12.5㎍/ml). GMA0361 was resistant to kanamycin sulfate (MIC>100㎍/ml) and streptomycin sulfate (MIC>100 ㎍/ml).
Fusarium wilt on tomato.

Fusarium wilt, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, is a serious soil-borne disease of tomato in almost all areas where tomatoes are grown. First describes in 1895 in England, it now occurs worldwide, having been reported in more than 40 countries. Three races have been identified of the Fusarium wilt pathogen of tomato (races 1, 2, and 3), and all three occur in the United States.
RELATIONSHIP OF NITROGEN METABOLISM CAPACITY, CARCASS QUALITY, AND EXPRESSION OF GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTERS AND METABOLIZING ENZYMES IN POLYPAY AND PERCENTAGE WHITE DORPER LAMBS

OF THESIS RELATIONSHIP OF NITROGEN METABOLISM CAPACITY, CARCASS QUALITY, AND EXPRESSION OF GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTERS AND METABOLIZING ENZYMES IN POLYPAY AND PERCENTAGE WHITE DORPER LAMBS Two studies were conducted to compare nitrogen (N) and glutamate metabolism in Polypay and percentage White Dorper lambs. First, a two-phase digestion/N metabolism trial was conducted with 18 wether lambs of three genetic types: Polypay (PP), 1⁄2 White Dorper 1⁄2 Polypay (1⁄2 D), and 3⁄4 White Dorper 1⁄4 Polypay (3⁄4 D). Six lambs of each genetic type were fed a high roughage diet (HR; Phase 1) or high concentrate diet (HC; Phase 2). DM and N digestion was higher for 1⁄2 D than PP or 3⁄4 D fed HC. N retention was highest for 1⁄2 D regardless of diet. The second study analyzed the effect of genetic type on glutamate transporter and metabolizing enzyme expression in liver, kidney, longissimus dorsi muscle (LD muscle), and subcutaneous fat (Sub Q Fat) tissue of 18 wether lambs of three genetic types: PP, 1⁄2 D, and 15 ⁄16 White Dorper ⁄16 Polypay ( ⁄16 D). Tissue samples were analyzed for protein and mRNA content of GS, GDH, ALT, EAAC1, and GLT-1. Glutamate transport and metabolism capacity was lowest for the heavier muscled 15 ⁄16 D lambs. The results suggest genetic type has an effect on N metabolism due to differential expression of glutamate transporters and metabolizing enzymes.
Fairness Through Computationally-Bounded Awareness

We study the problem of fair classification within the versatile framework of Dwork et al. [ITCS 2012], which assumes the existence of a metric that measures similarity between pairs of individuals. Unlike previous works on metric-based fairness, we do not assume that the entire metric is known to the learning algorithm. Instead, we study the setting where a learning algorithm can query this metric a bounded number of times to ascertain similarities between particular pairs of individuals. For example, the queries might be answered by a panel of specialists spanning social scientists, statisticians, demographers, and ethicists. We propose "metric multifairness," a new definition of fairness that is parameterized by a similarity metric $\delta$ on pairs of individuals and a collection ${\cal C}$ of"comparison sets" over pairs of individuals. One way to view this collection is as the family of comparisons that can be expressed within some computational bound. With this interpretation, metric multifairnesss loosely guarantees that similar subpopulations are treated similarly, as long as these subpopulations can be identified within this bound. In particular, metric multifairness implies that a rich class of subpopulations are protected from a multitude of discriminatory behaviors. We provide a general-purpose framework for learning a metric multifair hypothesis that achieves near-optimal loss from a small number of random samples from the metric $\delta$. We study the sample complexity and time complexity of learning a metric multifair hypothesis (providing rather tight upper and lower bounds) by connecting it to the task of learning the class ${\cal C}$. In particular, if the class ${\cal C}$ admits an efficient agnostic learner, then we can learn such a metric multifair hypothesis efficiently.
Tolerance to Tick-Borne Diseases in Sheep: Highlights of a Twenty-Year Experience in a Mediterranean Environment

The European landscape is characterised by a range of diverse farming systems. These relate not only to varied geographical environments and animal genetic resources, but also to different social and cultural contexts for farming and food production. This diversity is unique to Europe and, among the European countries, Italy is the home for a great variety of native breeds because of its complex orography and its long boot shape with very different climatic conditions from north to south. In the 1980’s, two of us moved from northern Italy to Apulia and soon came to appreciate the differences between the biotic and abiotic features of northern environment and the Apulian one. One of the most impressive differences were the enzootic tick borne diseases (TBD) and the related responses of the animals. As a consequence, much of our professional life has been devoted to the challenges posed by the diseases and to the study of the genetic peculiarities of native breeds both per se and in terms of their tolerance to TBD. This report is a review of the results obtained in a 20-year experience investigating the haematological features and tolerance to tick-borne diseases in Mediterranean native sheep breeds mainly Apulian native breeds compared to exotic breeds under various experimental conditions. In the wake of William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), a pioneer in thermodynamics and electricity, who said in 1891 that when you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it, but when you cannot measure it, your knowledge is of a meager and unsatisfactory kind, the central concept or research theme that guided all our research efforts stems from the notion that direct measurement of disease phenotypes and/or physiological features such as the hematological pattern provides a direct assay for measuring disease changes and the attitude of a genetic pool in facing disease. The work is concerned with the following main issues:  Haematological pattern of Apulian native sheep breeds  Breeds and tolerance to TBD in Apulia  Response to experimental anaemia  Response to Anaplasma ovis infection in experimentally infected sheep.
Tertiary Nitrifying Moving Bed-Biofilm Reactor: A Study of Carrier and Loading Effects on Nitrifying Kinetics, Biologically Produced Solids and Microbial Community

ii Acknowledgement v List of Figures xi List of Tables xii List of Abbreviations xiii Chapter 1Introduction 1 1.1. Background 1 1.2. Aim of Study 3 1.3. Thesis Organization 3 1.4. Contribution of Authors 4 1.4. 1 Article 1 4 1.4. 2 Article 2 4 1.5 References 5 Chapter 2Literature Review 8 2.1 Biological Wastewater Treatment 8 2.2 Suspended Growth Systems 9 2.2.1 Conventional Activated Sludge Systems 9 2.2.2 Lagoons 10 2.3Attached Growth Systems 11 vii 2.3.1 Advances Associated with Attached Growth Systems 11 2.3.2 Trickling Filter 13 2.3. 3 Rotating Biological Contactors (RBCs) 14 2.3. 4 Bio-Cord 15 2.3. 5 MBBR 16 2.4 Biofilms 17 2.5 Nitrification 19 2.6 MBBR 20 2.61. History and Principles of MBBR 20 2.6. 2 Nitrifying MBBR 21 2.6. 3 Effect of Carrier Type on MBBR Performance 22 2.6. 4 Effect of Reactor Loading and Operation on Particle Production 24 2.7 Microbiology 25 2.8 References 26 Chapter 3Materials and Methods 33 3.1. Experimental Design 33 3.2 Reactors 35 3.2.1 Reactors 1 and 2 35 3.2.2 Reactor 3 35 3.2.3 Reactor 4 36
Histomorphological and histochemical studies on the ductus deferens of guinea pig

The histomorphological and histochemical studies conducted on the proximal and middle parts of ductus deferens in guinea pigs revealed that the lining epithelium varied from simple columnar to pseudostratified columnar non-ciliated epithelium. The number of mucosal folds was lesser in the proximal part than the middle part. In the proximal part, only the circular layer of smooth muscles was observed, whereas both the circular and longitudinal layers of tunica muscularis could be seen in the middle part. The lumen of ductus deferens contained vesicles, granules, dense bodies, spermatozoa etc. and showed a strong reaction for basic proteins which may be due to the disruption of spermatozoa by the precipitation of proteins. A moderate to strong reaction for neutral and acid mucopolysaccharides was seen in the tunica mucosa whereas other layers were weakly positive. However, reverse pattern of distribution for lipids and basic proteins was observed in different layers of ductus deferens.
Pengaruh Perceived Value, Customer Satisfaction dan Trust Terhadap Customer Loyalty Restoran XYZ di Tangerang

The objectives of this study are to know: 1) Is perceived value has a positive influence towards customer loyalty, 2) Is perceived value has a positive influence towards customer satisfaction, 3) Is customer satisfaction has a positive influence towards customer loyalty, 4) Is customer satisfaction has a positive influence towards trust, and 5) Is trust has a positive influence towards customer loyalty. This study took 100 Management students from ABC university who have ever visited XYZ Restaurant in Tangerang as respondents. This study is using PLS-SEM (Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Modeling) to do data processing. The finding of this study showed that perceived value has a positive influence towards customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. This study also showed that customer satisfaction has a positive influence towards customer loyalty and trust. However, from this study, it was found that trust has no positive influence towards customer loyalty. This study can be used as input for the management of XYZ restaurant to give better service to the customers so that they do not only trust the restaurant but also has loyalty to it. Keywords: perceived value, customer satisfaction, trust, customer loyalty