Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning, developmental expression and tissue distribution of diapause hormone and pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide in the bamboo borer Omphisa fuscidentalis

Diapause, an arrested period of post‐embryonic development in insects, is under the control of hormonal interactions. In the bamboo borer Omphisa fuscidentalis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), larvae remain in diapause for as long as 9 months during the dry season, from September to the following June, although the factors that regulate larval diapause are poorly understood. The present study describes the cloning and expression analysis of the diapause hormone and pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (DH‐PBAN) precursor of O. fuscidentalis (Ompfu‐DH‐PBAN cDNA), aiming to reveal how it may be involved regulating larval diapause in this species in combination with environmental factors. The open reading frame (ORF) of the cDNA encodes a 199‐amino acid precursor protein that contains DH, PBAN and three other neuropeptides, all of which share a conservative C‐terminal pentapeptide motif FXPR/KL (X = G, T or S). The Ompfu‐DH‐PBAN is highly similar (74%) to the DH‐PBAN of the legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata). A quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction reveals that Ompfu‐DH‐PBAN mRNA is expressed only in neural tissues and that expression is highest in the suboesophageal ganglion. In addition, the expression level of Ompfu‐DH‐PBAN mRNA in the suboesophageal ganglion is consistently high during the fifth larval instar, increasing moderately in early diapause before reaching a peak during late diapause. After pupation, expression of the Ompfu‐DH‐PBAN precursor decreases to a low level. In addition to endocrine factors, the results demonstrate that photoperiod increases the expression level of Ompfu‐DH‐PBAN mRNA in larval diapause. These results also suggest that the expression of the Ompfu‐DH‐PBAN gene correlates with larval diapause development and may be activated by photoperiod in O. fuscidentalis.
A Longitudinal Investigation of the Interactional Process Mechanisms of Leadership Emergence in Dyads

The purpose of the following study was to advance the science of leadership emergence by taking a process-oriented approach to understand the dyadic micro-level interacts that underlie the emergence of leader-follower relationship. While most leadership emergence research focuses mainly on attributes, behaviors, or perceptions of individuals and neglects the multilevel, temporal and contextual of the emergence leaders, this study focuses on dyads’ attributes, behaviors and perceptions and considers the teams, over time, and in situ. Individuals worked together in teams over the course of four weeks to accomplish a task, and their verbal interactions were recorded and coded. Attributes of dyads and dyadic perceptions of leaderfollower relationship emergence were collected. Results showed dyads that were more similar in leadership self-efficacy were more likely to engage in symmetrical types of interactions. Furthermore, the more dyads engaged in such symmetrical exchanges, the more likely they were to both see each other as leaders, than to both not see each as leaders. Contrary to expectations, no significant results were found for the effect of dyadic dissimilarity on dyadic interactions, or for the effect of complementary interactions of leader-follower relationship emergence. Implications of these findings are discussed. A Longitudinal Investigation of the Interactional Process Mechanisms of Leadership Emergence in Dyads Maureen E. McCusker GENERAL AUDIENCE ABSTRACT The purpose of this dissertation was to better understand how and why leaders and followers emerge in groups based on how they communicate with each other and what characteristics they possess. Most related research focuses mainly on the characteristics that a single person who emerges as a leader or follower posses. What makes this study unique is that the focus is not exclusively on the individual, but rather is on a pair of individuals and not just their characteristics but also their forms of communication they engage in. In addition, the pair is studied in a group, over time and in a quasi-naturalistic environment to better include temporal and contextual factors. Participants worked together in teams over the course of four weeks to accomplish a task, and they were audio recorded as they worked together. Characteristics of the pairs were measured, as was whether a leader-follower relationship formed between the pair. Results showed pairs who were more similar in the their own abilities to lead (leadership selfefficacy) were more likely to engage in a particular type of communication pattern (symmetry). Furthermore, pairs who engaged in these types of communication patterns (symmetry) were more likely to both see each other as leaders, than to both not see each as leaders. Contrary to expectations, no significant relationships were found between dissimilar pairs and patterns of communication. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Proteínas moduladas durante a interação do begomovírus Tomato chlorotic mottle virus (Tocmov) e Suas plantas hospedeiras

led: Environmental and structural proteomics. Resources and Biotechnology, Av. W5 Norte (final), 70770-917 Brasília, DF, Brazil. Tel. : +55 61 a.br (J.E. Scherwinski-Pereira), angela.mehta@embrapa.br (A. Mehta). work. rved. Proteomic identification of differentially expressed proteins during the acquisition of ot (2014), http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.jprot. 2014.03. 013 2 J O U R N A L O F P R O T E O M I C S X X ( 2 0 1 4 ) X X X – X X X Please cite this article as: Silva RC, et al, somatic embryogenesis in oil palm. , J Pro proteins potentially involved in embryogenic competence acquisition. The use of these proteins can help improve tissue culture protocols in order to increase regeneration rates. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Environmental and structural proteomics. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
EFEITO DE POPULAÇÕES DE PERCEVEJOS NA PRODUTIVIDADE, QUALIDADE DA SEMENTE E CARACTERÍSTICAS AGRONÔMICAS DA SOJA'

Durante a safra de soja ( Glycine max (L.) Merrill. ) de 1995/96 foi conduzido em Londrina, PR, um experimento de campo com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de tres populacoes de percevejos fitofagos sobre a produtividade, a qualidade da semente, as caracteristicas agronomicas e os danos causados as sementes de tres cultivares comerciais de soja. Os tratamentos experimentais constaram das cultivares EMBRAPA-4, EMBRAPA-48 e BR-36 e dos niveis populacionais de ate dois, ate quatro percevejos/m de linha de soja, e uma populacao natural de percevejos, sem controle quimico. As amostragens foram efetuadas pelo metodo do pano, com seis amostras por parcela, iniciadas quando a soja ingressou no estadio R 3 , prolongando-se ate a completa maturacao das plantas. Sempre que a populacao de percevejos atingia o limite pre-estabelecido, eles eram controlados com a aplicacao de endosulfan a 525 g/ha de i.a. A populacao media de percevejos durante todo o periodo de amostragem foi de 2,1 por metro de linha de soja, superior ao nivel de danos estabelecido para esta praga. Os resultados indicaram que os niveis populacionais de percevejos nao afetaram a produtividade ou a qualidade da semente de soja, nem suas caracteristicas agronomicas. As diferencas estatisticas observadas foram causadas pelas cultivares em estudo, com excecao dos danos de percevejos as sementes, identificados pelo teste de tetrazolio, em que observaram-se diferencas causadas pelas populacoes de percevejos.
Comparison of dexmedetomidine and clonidine as an adjuvant to levobupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block

Introduction: There are always efforts to find better and safer local anaesthetics along with adjuvants for supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Levobupivacaine has strongly emerged as a safer alternative for regional anaesthesia than its racemic sibling bupivacaine. Alpha 2 agonists are combined with local anaesthetics to improve the quality of regional anaesthesia. Method: A prospective randomized study was carried out which included 60 adult patients between the ages of 18-65 years of ASA grade I and II who underwent upper limb orthopaedic surgeries. Group A received 30 ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine with 150μg of clonidine and Group B received admixture of 30 ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine with 100 μg of Dexmedetomidine. Onset, duration of sensory and motor blockade and duration of analgesia were observed. Results: Duration of postoperative analgesia in group A was 14.36±0.36 minutes and in group B was 16.90±2.29 minutes. Hence from the above observation, the duration of analgesia in group B is longer than group A which is statistically highly significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant 0.5% levobupivacaine is more effective in prolonging the duration of sensory and motor block and post operative analgesia compare to clonidine as an adjuvant to 0.5% levobupivacaine.
Analisis Data Hasil Pemantauan Status Gizi dari Faktor Determinan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita

Short child problems (stunting) are one of the nutritional problems faced in the world, especially in poor and developing countries. Based on the results of the nutritional status assessment in 2016, the national nutritional status of children under five years old TB / U or PB / U in the stunting category reached 27.5% in Southeast Sulawesi Province, the prevalence of stunting under five reached 29.5%. Based on the results of the nutritional status assessment of the province of Southeast Sulawesi 2016, the prevalence of Konawe Regency reached 25.5% above the national prevalence. This study aims to determine the relationship between, parental height, exclusive breastfeeding, giving MP-ASI with stunting. This type of research is an observational study with the design of a cross-sectional study with a sample of 116 toddlers based on the analysis of nutritional status monitoring data in Konawe District, 2016. The independent variables in this study were exclusive breastfeeding, mother height, giving MP-ASI, and stunting as the dependent variable. The type of data used in this study is secondary data from the results of monitoring nutritional status in Konawe Regency of Southeast Sulawesi Province in 2016. Stunting prevalence in Konawe Kepualauan 2016 reached 28,5%. There is no relationship between Asi exclusively with stunting (p = 0.941). There was no relationship between maternal height and stunting (p= 1,000). There was no relationship between administration of MP-ASI with stunting (p = 0.941). There are no relationships between giving MP-ASI, maternal height exclusive, breastfeeding with the incidence of stunting. Catatan PenerbitPoltekkes Kemenkes Kendari menyatakan tetap netral sehubungan dengan klaim dari perspektif atau buah pikiran yang diterbitkan dan dari afiliasi institusional manapun.
Morphological and cultural variation in different oilseed Brassica isolates of Alternaria brassicae from different geographical regions of India

Variation in morphology and cultural characteristics among 13 representative Indian geographical isolates from 219 collections of Alternaria brassicae, the causal agent of Alternaria blight of rapeseed-mustard, was studied. All the isolates showed high level of variability in vitro in respect of conidia length, width, beak length and number of septa. Conidia of Nazirhat isolate (SS 04) were smallest in size with lowest number of septa. Substantial variation was found in mycelial growth, sporulation among these isolates in different nutrient media and artificial environmental condition, viz temperature, relative humidity, light, hydrogen ion concentration. Different temperature ranges (25–30 Degree Celcius; 15–35 Degree Celcius) were found optimum for different isolates for mycelial growth and sporulation, respectively. All the thirteen isolates grew best at 100% relative humidity. However, they sporulated the most at different % relative humidity (40–100%). This reflected the adaptation of the respective isolates to the ambient conditions in the different cropping areas, where the disease occurs in varied proportions in different years, which may have also induced the available cultural variability. All the isolates did not grow and sporulate abundantly on the same nutrient medium. However, on an average Asthana and Hawker’s medium was good for all the cultures. Variation in optimum pH and light condition for mycelial growth, sporulation was also observed. Cluster analysis for data on cultural variability among thirteen A. brassicae isolates found a close relationship among isolates from Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal and Haryana but was distantly related to others.
Influence of duration of prepartum and postpartum vitamin E supplementation on mastitis and milk yield in crossbred cows

The influence of supplelmenting vitamin E on the incidence of mastitis and milk yield was studied using 20 crossbred dry pregnant cows. They were divided into 4 equal groups and were supplemented with 1000 iu a-tocopheryl acetate from O (group 1 ), 15 (group 2). 30 (group 3) and 60 (group 4) days before parturition to 30 days after parturition.All the cows were kept under similar feeding and management conditions. After parturition, fortnightly milk samples were tested for sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) using modified California mastitis test (MCMT) and somatic cell count. In the first fortnight after parturition, per cent incidence of SCM and severity/teat was 35,25, 15, 10 and 0.95. 0.65,0.20,0.20 in group 1,2,3 and 4, respectively. At 30 days of lactation, incidence of SCM increased only in group 1. The severity score/teat was 3-5 times more in group 1 and 2 than that in groups 3 and 4 and 1.5 times than that in group 2. The number of somatic cell counts was, also more in groups 1 and 2 as compared to groups 3 and 4. The number of clinical mastitis cases were 2,2.1 and 1 in 4 respective groups. The days in clinical mastitis in cows of groups 1 and 2 were more than groups 3 and 4 cows.The cases of retained placenta were 2.21 and 0 in 4 respective groups. Daily milk yield during first month of lactation averaged 12.59, 13.22, 16.23 and 17.83 kg in groups 1,2,3 and 4, respectively, which showed significant reduction in milk yield of groups 1 and 2 due to higher incidence of clinical as well as sub-clinical mastitis. There was no change in the milk composition of different groups of cows. It was inferred that vitamin E @ 1000 iu/c/d should be supplemented from at least 30 days prepartum to 30 days postpartum to reduce the incidence of mastitis and retained placenta as well as to have beneficial effect on milk yield.
Mechanisms of CD8+ T Cell Mediated Virus Inhibition in HIV-1 Virus Controllers

Mechanisms of CD8+ T Cell Mediated Virus Inhibition in HIV-1 Virus Controllers by Tamika L. Payne Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Georgia D. Tomaras, Supervisor ___________________________ Kent Weinhold ___________________________ Beth Sullivan ___________________________ Micah Luftig ___________________________ Guido Ferrari An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2014 Copyright by Tamika Leola Payne 2014 iv Abstract CD8+ T cells are associated with long term control of virus replication to low or undetectable levels in a population of HIV+ therapy-naïve individuals known as virus controllers (VCs; <5000 RNA copies/ml and CD4+ lymphocyte counts >400 cells/μl). These subjects’ ability to control viremia in the absence of therapy makes them a gold standard for the type of CD8+ T-cell response that should be induced with a vaccine. Studying the regulation of CD8+ T cells responses in these VCs provides the opportunity to discover mechanisms of durable control of HIV-1. Previous research has shown that the CD8+ T cell population in VCs is heterogeneous in its ability to inhibit virus replication and distinct T cells are responsible for virus inhibition. Further defining both the functional properties and regulation of the specific features of the select CD8+ T cells responsible for potent control of viremia in VCs would enable better evaluation of T celldirected vaccine strategies and may inform the design of new therapies. Here we discuss the progress made in elucidating the features and regulation of CD8+ T cell response in virus controllers. We first discuss the development of assays to quantify CD8+ T cells’ ability to inhibit virus replication. This includes the use of a HIV1 panel which can subsequently be used as a tool for evaluation of T cell directed vaccines. We used these assays to evaluate the CD8+ response among cohorts of HIV-1 seronegative, HIV-1 acutely infected, and HIV-1 chronically infected (both VC and chronic viremic) patients. Contact and soluble CD8+ T cell virus inhibition assays (VIAs)
First record of Myxobolus muelleri (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) in flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus (Teleostei, Mugilidae) from Turkey

Samsun sahillerinde yakalanan Has kefal’in (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758) solungaclarindan ilk kez Myxobolus muelleri (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) saptanmistir. Ergin sporlar oval sekilde, 8.3 (7.2-9.0) µm uzunlukta, 7 (6.4-7.4) µm genislikte ve 4.7 (4.5-4.9) µm kalinlikta olculmustur. Iki polar kapsul armut seklinde ve esit buyuklukte olup, 3 (2.5-3.5) µm uzunlukta ve 1.8 (1.5-2.5) µm genisliktedir. Polar kapsuller spor boslugunun yarisini kapsamaktadir. Polar kapsullerin on taraflari arasinda buyuk kapsuler aciklik saptanmistir. Kaynasma (suturel) kenari boyunca olan suturel cikintilarin sayisi 6–8 adettir. Sporoplazmada fark edilebilir duzeyde iyot boyasi ile boyanabilen bosluk gorulmemistir
Modelling lipid metabolism in the rumen

Nutritional manipulation through fat supplementation of diets is of interest because of the large energy requirements of high-producing ruminants, and because of human health concerns about saturated long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) in ruminant products. High dietary fat levels may adversely affect microbial activity and nutrient degradation in the rumen. Mathematical models of the rumen fermentation process have been developed and applied to quantify the profile of nutrients available for absorption. However, the representation of lipid dynamics is limited in these rumen models. Therefore, an extant rumen model was modified to represent the effects of LCFA on microbial metabolism and nutrient digestion. The primary objective of the model currently being developed is to integrate LCFA metabolism with microbial metabolism of other substrates in the rumen, and to predict the effect of amount and composition of dietary fat upon the profile of nutrients available for absorption. In the modified model, there are three rumen lipid pools: unhydrolysed lipid (Li), saturated free LCFA (Fs) and unsaturated free LCFA (Fu). Inputs to these pools are from the feed and outputs are flows to the duodenum. The rate of biohydrogenation is dependent on the amount of fibre and of unsaturated LCFA in the rumen. The unsaturated LCFA are considered to inhibit fibrolytic bacterial metabolism, but not amylolytic bacterial metabolism, whilst saturated LCFA are assumed not to affect bacterial metabolism. Protozoal metabolism is assumed to be inhibited by both saturated and unsaturated LCFA. The rates of biohydrogenation and inhibition of bacterial metabolism are represented by sigmoidal Michaelis–Menten equations, with 03 Mod Nutrient ch2 30/8/00 3:45 pm Page 25
Performance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed Fish meal and poultry By-Products

This study was conducted at the Department of Fisheries and Wild life Science, College of Science and Technology of Animal Production, Sudan University of Science and Technology, to determine the feed efficiency of two locally formulated diets (A and B) on performance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Two iso-caloric iso-nitrogenus diets were formulated by adding 60% wheat bran, 30% cotton seed cake and 10% poultry by-product (offal+intestine), while the diet (B) contained 60% wheat bran, 30% cotton seed cake and 10% fish meal. The fish were fed twice a day at affixed feeding rate of 5% body weight of fish per day for 90 days. The total body weight, total length and standard length were measured every 10 days throughout the experimental period. The growth response and performance data of the studied fish (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with diet (B) containing fishmeal recorded a better growth response than that fish fed poultry byproduct meal (diet A). The final weight increment, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) over the experimental period showed lowest value for the group fed the diet with poultry by-product (Diet A) compared to those fed with the fishmeal (Diet B). Except the apparent protein utilization (APU) was recorded higher for those fed with Diet A (23.31) than Diet B (11.99). The groups fed diet (A) attained SGR 0.24, FCR 1.9, PER 0.75, APU 23.31, while it recorded in group (B), SGR 0.34, FCR 1.2, PER 1.06, APU 11.99. Therefore, fish meal is better as compared to poultry byproducts for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) nutrition.
Early generation selection of polygenic mutations in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

Healthy seeds of a macrosperma lentil cv. , ‘Precoz Selection’ were treated with three doses (0.005, 0.01 and 0.02%) each of ethylene imine (EI) and N-nitroso-N-ethyl urea (NEU), and gamma rays (5, 10 and 20 kR). The M1 material in each treatment was classified into four groups of mutagenic damage. On the basis of macromutations induced and intra-and interfamily selection in M2 generation, different progenies were classified into three broad groups and raised as macromutational, selected and unselected populations in M3. Among mutagens, NEU and between damage groups, HH (high seedling damage and high sterility) contributed maximum to the total M3 promising selections. The contribution of M2 and M3 generations to the total selections was 80.9% and 19.1%, respectively. This suggested that although new promising selections (about one-fifth of the total) were added in M3 to those already selected in M2 the quantum of material nearly trebled, suggesting that promising progenies can be identified with high degree of confidence in M2 on the basis of mean and variance.
Buccal enamel microwear variability in Cercopithecoidea Primates as a reflection of dietary habits in forested and open savanna environments

Dental microwear analysis has proved to be a good indicator of diet and dietary related behaviour in modern humans, fossil hominids and primates. The composition of the diet and the presence of dust and other abrasive particles, are related to microwear rates on the buccal enamel surfaces of molar teeth. Plant food materials such as leaves or stems include phytoliths in larger quantities than fruits or meat. These particles may scratch the enamel surface of teeth during mastication producing a microwear pattern that may be indicative of food choice and food preferences within primate species. In this study we present a dental microwear analysis of extant Cercopithecoidea primates, based on the analysis of more than 200 dental casts obtained from the osteological collection of the National Museum of Kenya (NMK). Specific, sub-specific and also ecological differences are shown to underlie the buccal microwear variability observed within the studied sample.