Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computational Insight into Catalytic Control of Poly(ethylene−methyl acrylate) Topology

Drent et al. have recently reported on a neutral Pd(II)-based complex with a bidentate sulfonate ligand that is able to copolymerize ethylene (E) and methacrylate (MA) into linear EMA polymers. We report here on a theoretical study that examines the Drent system and compares it to the cationic Brookhart catalyst, which affords branched EMA polymers with MA units at the end of the branches.
AN EXPLORATORY DISCUSSION OF THE IMPACTS OF DRIVERLESS VEHICLE OPERATIONS ON THE MAN-MADE ENVIRONMENT

This paper explores the impacts that driverless vehicles are likely to have on the man-made environment namely, the highway infrastructure, other (traditional) vehicles on the road, pedestrians, energy use, land use, safety of the driver and other passengers, and the general driving environment. The paper first briefly tracks the history of development of driverless vehicles. Then it discusses the developmental impacts in terms of vehicle weight reduction, change in land use, longer commute distances/times, increased need for parking infrastructure, and increase in vehicle trips. The effects of these developments are discussed in terms of the overall performance criteria, including energy use, safety, emissions, noise, and traffic volume. The report also discusses the intersection delay impacts, vehicle size impacts, impact on pedestrians and traditional vehicles in the traffic environment, and impacts on the physical driving environment (road infrastructure), and briefly touches on other impacts related to public transportation, security, and the economy. Key-Words: Driverless vehicles, self-driving vehicles, autonomous vehicles
Household Level Inflation Rates and Inflation Inequality in Turkey

This paper aims to explore the distribution of inflation rates at the household level and estimate their determinants using the Household Budget Surveys. It derives the household level inflation rates using the democratic price index and analyzes inflation inequality and its persistency. The main contributions of the paper are as follows: (i) to determine inflation inequality by examining the distribution of household-specific inflation rates calculated by the democratic price index, (ii) to examine new dimensions of inflation inequality in Turkey by income groups and household characteristics, (iii) to estimate the micro-level determinants of household inflation rates in Turkey. Results suggest that inflation rates are lower for the rich than for the poor, and the distribution of inflation has worsened the income inequality in Turkey. This analysis provides rich information for monetary policymakers. Households have different responses to price changes or monetary policy tools because of their unique characteristics and economic conditions. Thus, we need to know how inflation rates differ at the household level in order to understand how monetary policy and inflation affect the well-being of households.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Resting metabolic rate in migratory and non-migratory geese following range expansion

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A dependent case analysis of pseudo noun incorporation in Wolof*

Bare nominals in Wolof can occur in the object position, though not in the subject position of a finite verb. Furthermore, they must be adjacent to the transitive verb that subcategorizes for them. These are properties usually attributed to Pseudo Noun Incorporation. However, there are two circumstances under which the requirement to be adjacent to the verb can be obviated: either a non-core argument is introduced between the subject and the PNI-ed object or the latter is Ā-moved. While the introduction of an additional argument and Ā-movement are disparate phenomena, a dependent case analysis of nominal licensing (Branan, to appear) can account for why they both allow a PNI-ed object to not be adjacent to the verb in Wolof. Branan argues, following Levin (2015), that all nominals must be licensed with case, with case assignment being calculated in terms of dependent case (Marantz, 2000). In the impossibility of assigning case to a nominal, a last resort licensing strategy arises, namely, adjacency with the verb. Under the proposal that Branan makes about domains of case assignment and the position of case competitors in the sentential spine, bare nominal objects in Wolof cannot be licensed with case, hence they must be adjacent to the verb. However, the introduction of a non-core argument provides a case competitor to a PNI-ed object, allowing it to do away with licensing via verb adjacency. Likewise, Ā-moving a bare nominal object brings it close to the subject, which can transformationally act as a case competitor. I argue thus that a dependent case theory of PNI can provide a uniform analysis of the distribution of bare nominals in Wolof. In contrast, I show that a linearization-based analysis of PNI (Baker, 2014b) falls short of this goal.
Energy payback and life‐cycle CO2 emissions of the BOS in an optimized 3·5 MW PV installation

This study is a life‐cycle analysis of the balance of system (BOS) components of the 3·5 MWp multi‐crystalline PV installation at Tucson Electric Power's (TEP) Springerville, AZ field PV plant. TEP instituted an innovative PV installation program guided by design optimization and cost minimization. The advanced design of the PV structure incorporated the weight of the PV modules as an element of support design, thereby eliminating the need for concrete foundations. The estimate of the life‐cycle energy requirements embodied in the BOS is 542 MJ/m2, a 71% reduction from those of an older central plant; the corresponding life‐cycle greenhouse gas emissions are 29 kg CO2 eq./m2. From field measurements, the energy payback time (EPT) of the BOS is 0·21 years for the actual location of this plant, and 0·37 years for average US insolation/temperature conditions. This is a great improvement from the EPT of about 1·3 years, estimated for an older central plant. The total cost of the balance of system components was $940 US per kWp of installed PV, another milestone in improvement. These results were verified with data from different databases and further tested with sensitivity‐ and data‐uncertainty analyses. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Friction on Ice: How Temperature, Pressure, and Speed Control the Slipperiness of Ice

We present sphere-on-ice friction experiments as a function of temperature, contact pressure, and speed. At temperatures well below the melting point, friction is strongly temperature dependent and follows an Arrhenius behavior, which we interpret as resulting from the thermally activated diffusive motion of surface ice molecules. We find that this motion is hindered when the contact pressure is increased; in this case, the friction increases exponentially, and the slipperiness of the ice disappears. Close to the melting point, the ice surface is plastically deformed due to the pressure exerted by the slider, a process depending on the slider geometry and penetration hardness of the ice. The ice penetration hardness is shown to increase approximately linearly with decreasing temperature and sublinearly with indentation speed. We show that the latter results in a nonmonotonic dependence of the ploughing force on sliding speed. Our results thus clarify the complex dependence of ice friction on temperature, contact pressure, and speed.
SUBCLINICAL SYSTEMIC LYMPHEDEMA MANIFESTING EARLY IN PATIENTS WITH CLINICAL LYMPHEDEMA

1Professor Adjunct of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Department of the Medicine School in São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), SP-Brazil 2Medicine Student at the Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso Cuiabá, MT and Researcher Group of the Clínica Godoy, São José do Rio Preto, SP-Brazil 3Occupational Therapist, professor of the Post-Graduate in Medicine School in São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) and Researcher Group of the Clínica Godoy, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
Cognitive System Formalism: Analysis of an Architecture for Human/Robot Interactions

We have designed a Cognitive Systems Formalism (CSF) in order to simplify, analyze, compare and predict in a formal way the behaviors of autonomous and embodied Cognitive Systems (CS) involved in a dynamical loop with their environment. This formalism can apply when the environment contains other cognitive systems. The present paper aims to explain in details how the CSF can be used for the theoretical study of an architecture which has been designed, implemented and tested by another lab. All along the paper we will attempt to show two things. The ﬁrst one is how the CSF enables to study this speciﬁc architecture dedicated to human/robot interactions; to retrieve theoretically the experimental results of its designers Hosada et al. and Nagai et al.; and to enrich the original architecture so as to increase its interaction capabilities suggesting few changes focused on the learning dynamics. Second, we will show that this formal study of a speciﬁc architecture enlights general principles concerning human/robots interactions (for instance characterizing the time scale of the interaction loop) and thus enrich the CSF’s framework and rules and may enable more eﬃcient and relevant future studies of others architectures. This paper goes one step further toward an ideal tool for CS studies.
Effects of Irrigation Water Quality and Nitrogen Rate on the Recovery of 15N Fertilizer by Sorghum in Field Study

The effects of 15N-labeled ammonium nitrate on yield, uptake of nitrogen (N) by sorghum (Sorghum sudanense, Piper), and on N remaining in the soil were studied in a field experiment with different N rates (0, 50, and 100 kg N ha−1) and with two irrigation water qualities, well water (WW) and treated wastewater (TWW). Treated wastewater irrigation increased dry matter and N yield compared to WW. At equal N rates, recovery of 15N-labeled fertilizer by plants increased with TWW irrigation compared to WW (36% versus 23%). Neither fertilizer rate nor water quality had an effect on the 15N-labeled fertilizer remaining in the 0- to 60-cm layer of soil. On average 41% in the TWW treatment (49–33%) and 38% in WW treatment was mostly present in the surface 20-cm layer. Losses of 15N-labeled fertilizer were unaffected by irrigation water quality (35%) and increased with N application rate in TWW (4% versus 31%).
Investigating the efficacy of using error analysis data to inform explicit teaching of spelling

ABSTRACT Empirical evidence supports the view that explicit teaching can make a positive difference to learning; however, further research is needed to understand the impact on learning to spell if spelling error analysis is used to inform explicit spelling instruction. This paper presents findings of an intervention study involving 572 students in Years 3 to 6 from 31 classes across four Australian schools. Fourteen teachers from two of the participating schools engaged in an intervention. This involved utilising spelling error analysis data to systematically plan and implement explicit and targeted spelling instruction. Sixteen teachers from the two comparison schools followed a “business-as-usual” pedagogy which appeared less targeted and explicit. Results indicate that all classes in the intervention group demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in spelling while only one comparison class demonstrated a statistically significant improvement. The promising findings highlight the power of using assessment-informed practices to explicitly teach spelling skills that are relevant to student needs.
The impact of health education on the self-care ability of patients with peptic ulcer disease

Objective: To explore the impact of health education based on self-care theory in reagard to the self-care ability of patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Methods: This study was performed in 152 patients who were diagnosed with PUD at the digestive endoscopy center of People’s Hospital of Rizhao from February 2018 to December 2019. These patients were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group (76 patients in each group). Patients in the experimental group received health education based on self-care theory. On the 15th and 30th days of intervention, telephone follow-up was completed to provide further nursing guidance. Patients in the control group received routine nursing guidance. On the 45th day after intervention, self-care ability and selfefficacy were comprehensively investigated and analyzed, while anxiety, social support, and Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection were briefly investigated and analyzed. Results: Self-care ability in the experimental group after intervention was significantly improved when compared with that before intervention, while the level of social support, relief of anxiety, and self-efficacy in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Compared with that before intervention, the rate of HP infection in the experimental group after intervention was significantly reduced (P<0.05). Conclusion: Health education contributes to the improvement of self-care ability and reduction in the rate of HP infection in patients with PUD.
The Viscosity of Carbon Dioxide

When representative equations for the viscosity of carbon dioxide were published in 1990, it was recognized that, owing to inconsistencies among the available experimental liquid viscosity data which could not be resolved, new measurements were necessary. Since then, two new sets of measurements have been performed and it is appropriate to revise the published equations in order to improve their performance in the liquid region. In the previous work, the excess viscosity was represented by two separate equations, one for the gas phase and the other, a provisional one, for the liquid phase. Both equations were joined by a blending function. In the present work, the excess viscosity for the whole thermodynamic surface is represented by one equation. The resulting overall viscosity representation for carbon dioxide covers the temperature range 200 K⩽T⩽1500 K and densities up to 1400 kg m−3. In terms of pressure, the viscosity representation is valid up to 300 MPa for temperatures below 1000 K, whereas for hi.
Anion and cation partitioning between three pyroxenes, chrome spinel phenocrysts and the host boninite magma: an ion microprobe study

Partition coefficients for -1, -2, -3, +1, +2, +3, +4 and +5 valent ions between the groundmass of boninite and coexisting phenocrysts, bronizite, protoenstatite, augite and chrome spinel, from Bonin Island, Japan have been determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The SIMS method could reveal the equilibria between the phenocrysts and the groundmass glass. The method has been useful in determining the partition coefficient for trace elements of the rock. The present anion and cation partitioning strongly supports the “crystal structure control” mechanism (Onuma et al., 1968; Yurimoto and Sueno, 1984a). Each of the crystallographic site gives rise to a parabola-shaped peak on partition coefficient vs. ionic radius diagram. On the diagrams for three kinds of pyroxene, sharpness of their peaks is consistent with geometrical flexibility of the corresponding coordination polyhedra, and relative height between the partition curves for homovalent ions is controlled by electrostatic charge balancing their crystallographic sites.
On the Sombor index of graphs

Abstract This paper is concerned with a recently introduced graph invariant, namely the Sombor index. Some bounds on the Sombor index are derived, and then utilized to establish additional bounds by making use of the existing results. One of the direct consequences of one of the obtained bounds is that the cycle graph Cn attains the minimum Sombor index among all connected unicyclic graphs of a fixed order n ≥ 4. Graphs having the maximum Sombor index are also characterized from the classes of all connected unicyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, tetracyclic, and pentacyclic graphs of a fixed order, and a conjecture concerning the maximum Sombor index of graphs of higher cyclicity is stated. A structural result is derived for graphs with integer values of Sombor index. Several possible directions for future work are also indicated.
Impact of Corporate Governance on the Likelihood of Financial Distress: Evidence from Non-Financial Firms of Pakistan

Prediction of financial distress plays very vibrant role for survival and long-term growth of firms in the competitive global environment. Recovery from financial distress can protect the firm bankruptcy. In recent year Pakistan has also witnessed numerous cases of bankruptcy caused by financial distress. This can also be evidenced from numerous cases of acquisitions, mergers, financial restructuring and delisting for firms from Pakistan Stock Exchange. This study is an effort to examines the role of “corporate governance” in the detection of financial distress. Board composition, ownership structure, and audit quality are the key measures of corporate governance. In this study board size, CEO's duality, board independence, insider's directorship, no. of board meetings, audit quality, managerial ownership, financial institutions ownership, ownership by investment companies are used as proxies of corporate governance. Secondary data were collected from the balance sheet analysis (BSA) published by the statistical department of State Bank of Pakistan from2009 to 2016 for the said purpose. The financial distress is measured using well-known measure i.e. Emerging Markets Score (EMS) which is the updated version of Altman's Z Score for the measurement of financial distress. A sample of 164 firms is collected for 8 years (2009-2016) with a total of 1312 firm observations. The results concluded as board size, insider director's ownership, audit quality, managerial ownership, financial institutions ownership, investment companies' ownership and profitability of firms play significant negative impact on likelihood of financial distress, while CEO's duality, board independence, frequency of board meetings, financial constraints, and financial leverage proved positive and significant impact on the probability of financial distress. It is also found that by controlling the financial constraints of firms the impact of corporate governance variables is enhanced, this finding opens new insights into the nexus of corporate governance, financial constraints, and financial distress.
Effect of Soil Type, Applications of Chicken Manure and Effective Microorganisms on Corn Yield and Microbial Properties of Acidic Wetland Soils in Indonesia

A field experiment was carried out to elucidate the effect of chicken manure (CM) and effective microorganisms (EM) on the yield of corn and chemical and microbial properties of acidic wetland soils. A split-split plot experimental design with three replications was used in this research. The main plot consisted of two types of soil. The sub-plot was for the application of CM, while the sub-sub plot was for the application of EM. Sweet corn seeds were planted and cultivated until harvest. Above ground plant biomass and round of the stem of an ear of corn were observed. Soil samples were taken and analyzed for chemical and microbial properties. The results showed that the interaction between soil types and CM application affected the corn yield, while EM had no effect. Similarly, the chemical and microbial characteristics of soils used were affected by soil type and the application of CM, while the effect of EM was not clear.
Dairy cows trapped between performance demands and adaptability

The tremendous increase in the lactation performance of dairy cows during the last 60 years has had dramatic consequences on fertility and vitality (fitness) of the animals. Unprecedented average lactation performance levels have resulted in an equally unprecedented reduction in longevity. Economic pressure to further reduce the age at first calving is still high, although the negative correlation between precocious maturity and longevity is well documented in the relevant literature. Ever more aggressive selection and feeding measures are being taken to shorten the rearing time of heifers in order to reduce the cost of replacement heifers. An additional decrease in the stayability of cows has to be expected when the age at first calving is lowered even further. For reasons of profitability, dairy cows should complete an average of at least four lactations. Cows from the most important dairy breeds in the United States and Bavaria, Germany, already dropped below that crucial threshold many years ago. The same phenomenon has been observed in dairy cows in Austria over the past few years. Holstein cows that were culled in Austria in 2007 had an average of only 3.3 parities. To improve this situation, dairy cattle breeding programs should put a much higher emphasis on selection for traits of longevity and lifetime performance and, in return, markedly reduce the emphasis on selection for lactation performance in general and early-lactation performance test results in particular. Over millions of years of evolutionary adaptation, cattle have acquired the ability to utilize fibrous low-quality plant substrate. Only a strongly forage-based feeding regimen is, in the long run, in accordance with their digestive and metabolic configuration. The massive use of concentrates (mostly grain) in cattle rations increases the risk of digestive and metabolic disorders in cattle and consequently leads to impaired animal welfare. Finally, the careful management of scarce resources demands that a closer look be taken at the food balance in dairy rations, i.e., an awareness of how much food that is edible for humans is being fed to livestock. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Concentrations of Ag, In, Sn, Sb and Bi, and their chemical fractionation in typical soils in Japan

We determined concentrations of Ag, In, Sn, Sb and Bi, and fractionated them by sequential extraction procedures, in five Japanese soils: Andosol‐1 (grassland), Andosol‐2 (forest), Cambisol (forest), Fluvisol (vegetable garden) and Regosol (forest). Average concentrations of Ag, In, Sn, Sb and Bi were 0.17 ± 0.08, 0.081 ± 0.019, 2.2 ± 0.5, 0.83 ± 0.32 and 0.32 ± 0.12 mg kg−1, respectively. Average distributions of the chemical fractions (omitting those with an abundance < 5%) were: Ag, residual (60%) > H2O2‐extractable, organically bound (H2O2‐Org) (18%) > metal–organic complex‐bound (Me‐Org) (10%) > amorphous metal oxide‐bound (am‐MeOx) (8.3%); In, residual (61%) > H2O2‐Org (12%) > Me‐Org (8.7%) ≥ crystalline Fe oxide‐bound (cr‐FeOx) (8.2%) > am‐MeOx (7.4%); Sn, residual (40%) > Me‐Org (19%) > carbonate‐bound (12%) > cr‐FeOx (9.0%) > H2O2‐Org (7.8%) > am‐MeOx (6.9%); Sb, residual (34%) > Me‐Org (18%) > am‐MeOx (16%) > cr‐FeOx (8.9%) ≥ H2O2‐Org (8.7%) > easily reducible metal oxide‐bound (re‐MeOx) (6.8%) > carbonate‐bound (6.1%); Bi, am‐MeOx (26%) ≥ H2O2‐Org (26%) > Me‐Org (19%) > residual (17%) > cr‐FeOx (12%). Proportions of the mobilizable (exchangeable + carbonate‐bound + Me‐Org + re‐MeOx) metal fractions were in the order Sn ≥ Sb > Bi > Ag ? In, and Cambisol > Andosol‐2 > Regosol > Andosol‐1 > Fluvisol. The proportions were predicted by multiple regression equations including pH, surface area, C contents, cation exchange capacity and clay content of the soils as independent variables (R2 > 0.96, P < 0.02).