Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Static, Dynamic, PNF Stretching on the Isokinetic Peak Torque

【Purpose: The aim of this study is to suggest the basic materials for proposing effective and efficient methods when stretching by measuring isokinetic muscular strength according to static, dynamic and PNF stretching. Methods: This study was conducted on 45 healthy persons (male and female) in their twenties who are attending universities. The subjects are randomly divided into three (3) groups, and static stretching is applied in group 1, dynamic stretching is applied in group 2 and PNF stretching is applied in group 3. After carrying out static, dynamic and PNF stretching, peak torque was measured using isokinetic muscular strength measurement. Results: According to the results, at $60^{\circ}$ /sec and $180^{\circ}$ /sec isokinetic peak torque of the knee joint according to types of stretching, the largest changes were shown in Group 2 extension and flexion, and the least changes were shown in Group 1. There were significant differences among the three groups (p $60^{\circ}$ /sec and $180^{\circ}$ /sec angular speeds than that of static stretching. Using the results of such studies, if dynamic and PNF stretching are applied together with warming-up before performing sports, the risk of suffering wounds would reduce and the exactness of sports would increase. 】
Multichannel cochlear implantation in children with cochlear ossification.

OBJECTIVE To compare results of post-meningitic children who had cochlear implantation with partial or complete drill-out to those who had no drill-out. STUDY DESIGN This study is a retrospective case review. SETTING The Atlanta Cochlear Implant Group is a private, tertiary, outpatient clinic. PATIENTS Eligibility included all our post-meningitic patients, 2-17 years, having a cochlear implant between June 1990 and July 1997. INTERVENTIONS All subjects had a Nucleus 22 cochlear implant surgically implanted, speech processor programming and follow-up testing in our center, and aural rehabilitation in a variety of therapy settings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Open and closed set speech discrimination tests. RESULTS Test performance for speech understanding was highest in the non-ossified group and lowest, but above chance, in the ossified group with complete drill-out. CONCLUSIONS While children with non-ossified cochleas performed best, even children with extensive ossification requiring complete drill-out benefited from cochlear implantation.
Double cardiac valve replacement: a community hospital experience.

: The morbidity and mortality of double cardiac valve replacement were assessed in a community hospital setting. Four hundred twenty-two cardiac patients undergoing valve replacement from 1977 to 1991 were analyzed. Forty-two patients underwent double valve replacement. The clinical variables associated with increased operative mortality (early and late) were determined. The overall operative mortality rate for valve replacement was 7.87% (29 of 422 patients). The mortality rate was 9.09% (3/33 patients) for double valve replacement and 11.11% (1/9 patients) for double valve replacement in conjunction with coronary bypass. The clinical variables associated with increased mortality were: significant reduction in preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction ( 60); presence of ischemic mitral valve disease; and preoperative functional class (New York Heart Association Functional Class IV). The results of this study suggest that strategies to diminish operative mortality should include assessment of risk preoperatively as well as anticipation of high mortality in selected subgroups.
The Prehistory of Britain and Ireland

Sited at the furthest limits of the Neolithic revolution and standing at the confluence of the two great sea routes of prehistory, Britain and Ireland are distinct from continental Europe for much of the prehistoric sequence. In this landmark study, Richard Bradley offers an interpretation of the unique archaeological record of these islands. Highlighting the achievements of its inhabitants, Bradley surveys the entire archaeological sequence over a 5,000 year period, from the last hunter-gatherers and the adoption of agriculture in the Neolithic period, to the discovery of Britain and Ireland by travellers from the Mediterranean during the later pre-Roman Iron Age. His study places special emphasis on landscapes, settlements, monuments, and ritual practices. This edition has been thoroughly revised and updated. The text takes account of recent developments in archaeological science, such as isotopic analyses of human and animal bone, recovery of ancient DNA, and more subtle and precise methods of radiocarbon dating.
Determining the prevalence of patterns of pregnancy-induced pelvic girdle pain and low back pain in urban and rural populations: A cross-sectional study

Background: Biomechanical changes during pregnancy impose postural deviations, leading to various musculoskeletal pain syndromes. Commonly noted pain syndromes are the pelvic girdle pain (PGP) and low back pain (LBP), which were experienced by pregnant women globally. There is a prevalence of pregnancy-related PGP (PPGP) and pregnancy-related LBP (PLBP) in Western population. Data of the same in Indian pregnant population lack evidence. Objective: To find the rates of incidence and prevalence of different patterns of PPGP and PLBP in the urban and rural pregnant women. Materials and Methods: A total of 580 pregnant women were screened for inclusion criteria. Confirmation of diagnosis of PGP and LBP was done for 457 subjects using Modified Oswestry Disability Index (MODI) questionnaire and the pelvic girdle questionnaire (PGQ). Once diagnosed, all participants were subjected to nine clinical tests to differentiate the site of pain and to classify them accordingly into three different groups, namely group A (LBP), group B [posterior pelvic pain (PPP)], and group C [anterior pelvic pain (APP)]. Results: The point prevalence of pain in group A (LBP) was 31%, in group B (PPP) was 65%, and in group C (APP) was 15%. The prevalence of PGP and LBP was 75% in the urban pregnant population and 25% in the rural pregnant population. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of PPP (65%) is higher than that of LBP (31%) and APP (15%). Also PPP is reported to be highest in primiparous with gestational age of 38 weeks. The urban population showed 75% and rural population showed 25% of PGP and LBP.
Effects of quercetin on experimental arrhythmias

Objective To observe the effect of quercetin on experimental arrhythmias and to explore its possible mechanisms.Methods The rat arrhythmia models were induced by aconitine and CaCl2,the ginuea pig arrhythmia models were caused by ouabain,and the effects of quercetin with different doses on those models were investigated.Results Quercetin(in 0.2～0.4mg/kg) increased the threshold doses of ventricular ectopic(VE),and ventricular tachyacardia(VT),ventricular fibrillation(VF),delayed the onset time of arrhythmia,shortened the duration time of arrhythmia,and decreased the incidence and death rate of rats with arrhythmia induced by CaCl2.Conclusion Quercetin possesses extensive protective effects on arrhythmia.
Enhancing L2 learners' oral communication skills in an industrial setting in Saudi Arabia

Enhancing L2 Learners’ Oral Communication Skills in an Industrial Setting in Saudi Arabia Adnan Hasan This observational study examines classroom instruction in the Basic English Program (BEP) in three Industrial Training Centers in Saudi Aramco, the largest oil producing and marketing company in Saudi Arabia. The researcher has been professionally involved in English language instruction in Saudi Aramco for more than 25 years, and the study emerges from the assumption that the BEP does not provide enough opportunities for learners to build up a communicative competence that helps them to use language for real communication. The subjects in the study are Saudi high school graduates with little background in English. Successful completion of the BEP program is a pre-requisite for their technical training in Saudi Aramco. The study sets out to explore the types of L2 learning activities, the teaching methods and strategies the teachers employ, as well as the learners’ roles in class and the organizational policies which control the Basic English Program. The data were collected through direct observation of thirty lessons using one part of the Communicative Orientation of Language Teaching (COLT) Observation Scheme. In addition, audio­ recordings of several observed lessons were also made. The analysis of the data from the COLT Scheme, and the transcribed lesson extracts reveal that the Saudi Aramco Basic English Program does not provide the learners with sufficient and appropriate practice opportunities and this is one reason why there is a lack of competence in the use of English in real communication. The study concludes that classroom instruction in the Basic English Program limits the students’ chances for spontaneous use of language and hence their ability to communicate in real situations. Among the recommendations made are that changes need to be introduced to the syllabus and teaching methods in order that learners are provided with the necessary language skills to enable them to use English to communicate inside and outside the classroom. ENHANCING ORAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN AN INDUSTRIAL SETTING TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. Abstract i Acknowledgements v Transcription Conventions vi List o f Figures vi List o f Tables vi List o f Excerpts vii List o f Abbreviations vii I. CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Context of the Research Study. 1 1.2 Origins and Development of the Study. 2 1.3 The Questions to Be Addressed. 4 1.4 Structure of the Thesis. 5 II. CHAPTER TWO: THE SAUDI ARAMCO TRAINING PROGRAM 2.
Clinical Meaning of Postprandial Insulin Secretory Function in Korean Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Impaired pancreatic -cell responsiveness is associated with type 2 diabetes β mellitus. Postprandial insulin deficiency is closely related with fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c and insulin responses to meals, but most studies examining postprandial -cell responsive β ness have been limited by the small number of type 2 diabetic patients examined. The aim of this study was to evaluate fasting and postprandial insulin secretions in relation to the duration of diabetes, BMI and glycemic control in a large number of patients with variable disease durations. Methods: We evaluated the fasting plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, HbA1c, BMI, postprandial 2 hour glucose, insulin and C-peptide in 1,170 (male 662, female 508, age 54.6 ± 1.6 years, duration of diabetes 5.2 ± 6.3 years, BMI 25.4 ± 3.3 kg/m 2 ) type 2 diabetic patients. The delta C-peptide, delta insulin, fasting (M0) and postprandial (M1) pancreatic -cell β responsiveness were also calculated. The subjects were divided into three groups according to their duration of diabetes, BMI, and fasting and postprandial C-peptide levels. After adjusting for age, sex and BMI, the correlation of diabetes and HbA1c were correlated parameters. Results: In the group of patients whose duration of diabetes was longer than 10 years, the BMI, fasting, postprandial and delta C-peptide, and M0 and M1 were significantly lower, but age, fasting and postprandial glucose, as well as HbA1c were significantly higher than those in the other groups. There were no significant differences in the fasting and postprandial glucose and HbA1c according to their fasting C-peptide tertiles. However, in the group of patients with the highest postprandial C-peptide tertile, the fasting and postprandial glucose and HbA1c were significantly lower than those in the other groups. The duration of diabetes, after adjustment of age, sex and BMI, was negatively correlated with the fasting, postprandial and delta C-peptide, M0 and M1, but was positively correlated with the fasting and postprandial 2 hour glucose and HbA1c. The HbA1c after adjustment of age, sex and BMI, was positively correlated with duration of diabetes, and fasting and postprandial glucose, but was negatively correlated with fasting postprandial and delta C-peptide, M0 and M1.
Phenotypic comparison of tendon, corneal and skin fibroblast populations.

Fibroblasts are connective tissue cells that are responsible for the synthesis and turnover of extracellular components, including collagens, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans, and adhesive proteins such as fibronectin or laminin. The ability of fibroblasts to regulate their extracellular environment is largely dependent upon the action o f matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), key proteolytic enzymes synthesised and secreted by fibroblasts. Fibroblasts regulate the synthesis of their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM), which in turn has a profound effect on how cues are presented to and perceived by the cells themselves. Fibroblasts are capable o f synthesising diverse connective tissues and exhibit differences in growth characteristics, metabolism and morphology based upon their tissue o f localisation. This thesis investigates the hypothesis that fibroblasts isolated from diverse connective tissues are phenotypically distinct. To test this, primary skin, comeal and tendon fibroblasts were subjected to shear stress produced by a parallel plate flow chamber. Prior to stimulation, the three fibroblast cell lines maintained discrete morphological differences based upon their tissue o f origin. Upon stimulation, skin fibroblasts exhibited a larger cell area and all cell lines became increasingly rounded. Furthermore, comeal and skin fibroblasts demonstrated an increased number o f focal adhesions per cell, while tendon fibroblasts exhibited a decrease in the number o f focal adhesions with stimulation. All three cell lines demonstrated an increase in gelatinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9) activity, though each maintained cell line-specific regulation o f gelatinase activity. Microarray analysis, validated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting, indicated that each cell line maintained unique, tissue-specific transcriptional and translational responses. Genes involved in these differential responses were functionally diverse and shown to be both upand down-regulated with stimulation. Furthermore, levels o f encoded proteins from four genes o f interest lumican, dyxin, Crpl and neogenin altered with stimulation, though their expression did not correlate with mRNA levels in all cases. The data presented here provide unequivocal evidence that tendon, comeal and skin fibroblasts are morphologically and phenotypically distinct. Furthermore, this investigation provides an invaluable resource for further study o f the factors that control fibroblast heterogeneity and may provide avenues for the manipulation and improvement o f tissue engineered prostheses and implants for reconstructive surgery.
Clinical Analysis of Pediatric Facial Laceration

Purpose: Pediatric facial laceration takes a huge part of patients visiting emergency room and generates social attention for its proper emergency care. So much more attention should be paid to the proper treatment at emergency care unit, and furthermore, thorough survey of background information of the pediatric facial laceration may offer more proper prevention. Methods: According to annual reports of 2009 and 2010, out of 5149 facial laceration patients who were given primary medical care at our clinic, 1452 patients were aged under 15 years old. Retrospective analysis of each pediatric facial lacerations were evaluated according to gender, age, periodic table, cause of injury, place of injury, sites of injury and so on. Results: Pediatric facial laceration was found to occur mostly at 1 year old as they learn to walk and explore their environment. Evaluated analysis revealed that pediatric facial accidents occurred mostly on forehead region (75%), on Sundays, from 5 p.m. to 8 p.m. , at home (61.5%). Most common cause of injury was collision (54.5%). Conclusion: In large group of pediatric facial laceration cases provided us with an surprising fact that accidents most commonly occur under parental supervision. This fact gives an actual understanding regarding pediatric facial laceration and more realistic approach in its prevention strategy.
Peripheral circulatory responses to acute hyperoxia.

: Acute hyperoxia (1 atm) in anesthetized dogs produced a 14% decrease in cardiac output relative to that observed with FIo2 = 0.21 and was associated with 7% decreases in heart rate and stroke volume. Changes in the distribution of peripheral blood flow during hyperoxia, as measured with radioactive labeled microspheres, included decreases in renal cortical flow (-20%), retinal blood flow (-27%), and blood flow to the caudate nucleus, mesencephalon, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Absolute blood flow to intestinal viscera, to respiratory and skeletal muscle, and to fat were unchanged. Simulation of these changes in cardiac output and distribution of blood flow using a digital computer model show a minimal change in the pattern of nitrogen gas elimination, with nitrogen partial pressures in the "slowest" body compartment within 1% of control by 60 min.
A team approach risk of falling assessment and remediation program for community dwelling older adults with a fear of falling and balance disorders

Common balance disorders causing symptoms of vertigo and unsteadiness can place an individual at risk of falling. Falls are a serious health concern that can greatly impact quality of life. Older individuals who have experienced a fall or near fall often develop a fear of falling. Appropriate intervention programs designed to reduce fear of falling are lacking. The present study determined the effectiveness of a team approach risk of falling program that included fall prevention and counseling, home hazard assessment, and physical therapy at reducing fear of falling for older independent living adults with a diagnosed balance disorder. Participants included twenty-eight subjects, fourteen older patients (X = 69.1 years of age) with a history of falls, fear of falling and a balance disorder and fourteen family members or spouses of each patient. Comprehensive risk of falling assessment from an audiologist, physical therapist and neurotologist were administered and responses to the Activities Specific Balance Confidence Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale, and Beck Anxiety Inventory were ascertained pre and post intervention for each patient. A statistically significant reduction in fear of falling, depression and anxiety as identified by the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test were reported for participants after involvement in the program. Family members and spouses also demonstrated statistically significant decrease in fear of falling concerns for their family member post intervention. The research explored through open-ended questions the impact of fear of falling on the individual and the selected family member or spouse of the individual. Content analysis of the participant interviews revealed themes summarizing the process of developing a fear of falling, the emotional reaction to fear of falling, lifestyle changes for the participants and the selected caregiver due to fear of falling, and the benefits and limitations of the risk of falling program. The qualitative interview themes in combination with the quantitative data analysis recommend solutions to the fear of falling problems experienced by older balance disorder patients. Furthermore, the team-approach risk of falling program appears to be effective in reducing falling concerns and improving quality of life in a small sample of older persons with balance disorders.
Risk of Postpartum Depression in the Early Postnatal Period

Introduction: Postpartum depression is an important health problem because of its negative impact on the family. The objective of this study was to ascertain the risk of depression in new mothers who had recently given birth in public university hospitals in Granada and to identify the factors that most contributed to the onset of postpartum depression. Materials and method: A descriptive study was made of a sample population of 370 new mothers, 18-46 years of age, who had given birth from January to May 2013. The subjects filled out the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), a 10-item self-report scale. The women were also given a questionnaire that elicited sociodemographic and obstetric data. The EPDS cut-off score used was 10/11. Results: The average EPDS score obtained was 6.12 with an interval of 0-25. Our results showed that 15.13% of the women in the study had scores equal of 11 or higher. Risk of postpartum depression had a statistically significant correlation with weeks of pregnancy (p=0.031), onset of labour (p=0.000), type of delivery (p=0.029), and reasons for not having epidural anaesthesia (p=0.038). It also had a significant positive correlation with the subject’s obstetric history. Conclusions: The majority of the women in the sample population had scores that did not exceed the risk threshold score identified in the study. As reflected in our results, the risk factors for postpartum depression were onset of labour, type of delivery, reasons for not having epidural anaesthesia, and parity.
Translation into Brazilian Portuguese, cultural adaptation and validation of the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire

BACKGROUND: Quality of life has been one of the main issues for patients with a chronic condition.OBJECTIVE: To translate, adapt and validate a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ). METHODS: The questionnaire was translated into Portuguese, back translated into English, and cross-culturally adapted to the Brazilian Population. Sixty-five transtibial unilateral amputees were recruited. The sample comprised 45 men and 20 women with a mean age of 44 years, 47 with traumatic amputations, 14 with vascular dysfunction and 4 with other reasons for amputation, and all of them fitted with prostheses. Patients were interviewed twice, at baseline and again after 15 days. The Brazilian Portuguese version of the SF-36 (a generic Quality of Life outcome measure) and the FIM (a Functional Independence Measure) were also administered.RESULTS: The internal consistency of the nine PEQ scales was tested by computing Cronbach's Alpha coefficients (0.65 - 0.89: high values). Student's t test coefficients were used for interobserver evaluation (0.35 to 084: reliable values with one exception- the Residual Limb Health scale), and Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC), which ranged from 0.65 to 0.92: reliable values. Student's t test coefficients and ICCs were also used for intraobserver evaluation (0.42 to 0.83, except the Residual Limb Health scale and 0.80 to 0.94, respectively: reliable values). Correlations between PEQ, SF-36 and FIM were tested using Pearson's correlation coefficients, which were not statistically significant (p > 0, 01). CONCLUSION: The Brazilian-Portuguese version of the PEQ has high internal consistency and is a reliable quality of life measure for use in amputee patients, but is not associated with the SF-36 or FIM.
A Case of G-6-PD Guadalajara

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6-PD) deficiency is a disease that shows hemolytic anemia and jaundice caused by injury of erythrocytes. The gene of G-6-PD has 13 exons and locates in Xq28, and over 150 mutations of this gene have been reported. We experienced a G-6-PD deficienct male patient who was suffering hemolytic anemia and jaundice confirmed by measuring low G-6-PD activity in the erythrocytes. We found point mutation at 1159th nucleotide in 10th exon, cytosine was changed to thymidine, and was confirmed as G-6-PD Guadalajara. (Korean J Pediatr 2004;47: 210-213)