Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Finnish mound-building Formica ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) based on using a citizen science approach

The distance from southern Italy to Denmark is about the same as the length of Finland from south to north. A study of the biogeography of insects, such as ants, would take a lot of effort and funding to sample the whole area. Here, a citizen science approach is used to obtain distribution records for mound-building Formica ants in Finland. This resulted in samples from 2,434 ant nests, of which 2,363 were for nests of the target species group. The data obtained helps define the northern limits of the species in Finland and resulted in three new records for F. suecica Adlerz, 1902, which is a red-listed species in Finland. In addition, as a by-catch, a new imported species dispersed in a peculiar way was recorded in Finland: Lasius emarginatus (Olivier, 1792). Volunteer citizens are potential research assistants in the science of entomology.
Does the interruption of eye contact between humans and Caribbean reef sharks, Carcharhinus perezi, influence the sharks’ approach patterns?

ABSTRACT As ecotourists become increasingly interested in snorkeling and diving with sharks, it is important to establish directives for safe interactions. The study considered eye contact between humans and approaching sharks, examining specifically whether an interruption in it owing to, for example, a person glancing at a camera or regarding where to retreat, would affect a shark’s behavior. In standardized field tests, divers maintained or interrupted eye contact with approaching Caribbean reef sharks, Carcharhinus perezi. The results showed a significant difference in the sharks’ approaches depending on whether the divers maintained or interrupted eye contact with them. More specifically, the analysis revealed that sharks came significantly closer to the divers when eye contact was interrupted and also reduced their speed.
Thermal, structural and mechanical characterization of the whitish Arequipa Airport Ignimbrite

The white unit of Arequipa Airport Ignimbrite is a pyroclastic rock that emerges in the deposits of Arequipa and is used as a construction material since colonial times and locally called “sillar” or “ashlar”. The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity measured according to ASTM C 177 and Ångström’s method were 0.27 W/mK and 5.67×10−7 m2/s, respectively. The compressive strength and water absorption were 8.92 MPa and 17.2 %. The main crystalline phases of the ignimbrite are plagioclase, cristobalite, sanidine and biotite. The white ignimbrite has good thermal insulation and good mechanical properties.
Characterizing third-party logistics setups in the context of construction

The use of third-party logistics (TPL) setups in construction has increased but is still a new phenomenon. The purpose was to increase understanding of how structural and management dimensions are related in CLSs by describing how CTPL setups are used. ,Ten dimensions to describe and structure CLSs were identified from the literature and used to structure a cross-case analysis of 13 Swedish CLSs. ,The main findings are: (1) there are three typical initiators of CLSs: municipalities, developers and contractors; (2) CLSs are drivers for service differentiation and modularization among TPL providers as construction specific services are required; (3) CLSs play a new role in construction by coordinating logistics activities between the construction project and the vicinity of the site. ,The study is based on 13 cases in the Swedish construction context. Additional studies of CLSs in other countries are needed. ,The ten dimensions can be used as a guide in designing a CLS and in determining the order of design decisions. The identification and structuring of CTPL services also exemplify the variety of service offerings. ,This is one of the first cross-case analyses of CLSs enabling the characterization of CTPL setups. This study identifies how different services included in the setup relate to the roles of SCM and logistics in construction.
Shareholder Activism Around the Globe: Hedge Funds vs. Other Professional Investors

Shareholder activism has sharply increased over the past decade and spread both across countries and among different types of investors. Today, 50% of all engagements occur outside North America, with non-hedge fund investors accounting for one-third of all engagements. We investigate the effects and drivers of hedge fund and non-hedge fund activism using an international dataset of 2,689 activist engagements across 44 countries between 2008 and 2019. Activist investments in North America, on average, yield the largest immediate positive stock market returns and buy-and-hold returns, followed by engagements in Europe and the Asia-Pacific region. In North America, short-term abnormal returns for hedge funds are at a similar level as those for non-hedge funds, but in Europe and the Asia-Pacific region, they are higher for non-hedge funds. However, globally, hedge funds achieve higher buy-and hold returns and are more successful than non-hedge funds in implementing change in target firms. Over time, our results suggest unfulfilled investor expectations, as announcement returns are increasing but (abnormal) buy-and-hold returns and the impact on performance measures of target firms are decreasing for both hedge funds and non-hedge funds.
Experimental admixture among geographically disjunct populations of an invasive plant yields a global mosaic of reproductive incompatibility and heterosis

Invasive species have the ability to rapidly adapt in the new regions where they are introduced. Classic evolutionary theory predicts that the accumulation of genetic differences over time in allopatric isolation may lead to reproductive incompatibilities resulting in decreases in reproductive success and, eventually, to speciation. However, experimental evidence for this theoretical prediction in the context of invasive species is lacking. We aimed to test for the potential of allopatry to determine reproductive success of invasive plants, by experimentally admixing genotypes from six different native and non‐native regions of Centaurea solstitialis, an invasive forb for which preliminary studies have detected some degree of reproductive isolation between one native and non‐native region. We grew plants under common garden conditions and outcrossed individuals originating from different source populations in the native and introduced range to evaluate reproductive success in terms of seed to ovule ratio produced. We also assessed geographical and genetic isolation among C. solstitialis regions as a potential driving factor of reproductive success. Experimental admixture generated mixed fitness effects, including significant increases, decreases and no differences in reproductive success as compared to crosses within population (control). Centaurea solstitialis invasive populations in the Americas generated preponderantly negative fitness interactions, regardless of the pollen source, suggesting selection against immigrants and reinforcement. Other non‐native populations (Australia) as well as individuals from the native range of Spain demonstrated an increase in fitness for between‐region crosses, indicating inbreeding. These differences show an asymmetrical response to inter‐regional gene flow, but no evidence of isolation by distance. Synthesis. The speed of adaptation and the accumulation of reproductive incompatibilities among allopatric populations of invasive species might be more rapid than previously assumed. Our data show a global mosaic of reproductive outputs, showcasing an array of evolutionary processes unfolding during colonization at large biogeographical scales.
Challenges to access health faced by rural population and their perception regarding healthcare

The Brazilian nation has rich population diversity, and this makes it responsible for guaranteeing the social rights of all. In this perspective, this research seeks to categorize which are the main challenges in access to health that the rural populations face and to understand how the execution of this health care is carried out by professionals from the perspective of rural people. This is a crosssectional study with a qualitative approach, carried out at the Nossa Senhora Aparecida Settlement, located in the municipality of Pesqueira (Pernambuco state) in 2018. The results demonstrate that the challenges faced by settled families are due to the difficulty of access to health services. In view of this, the rural population chooses to keep their cultural practices focused on their health alive. Therefore, it is common to use herbal medicines and mystics related to religious beliefs in self-care practices. It was concluded that the current public policies have gaps in their implementation, especially in terms of accessibility, security, health education, equity and respect for cultural differences. In addition, there is precariousness at the national level of studies focused on the health determinants and determinants of the rural population, which makes it necessary that more research be carried out so that new public policies can emerge.
The Road to Electromobility in Poland: Consumer Attitude Assessment

: Purpose: The article presents selected research results concerning the Polish path of electromobility development. The subject of the research was to gain extensive knowledge about contemporary consumer attitudes. This goal was achieved by trying to identify the most important factors determining the choice of electric vehicles by the demand side in the Polish automotive market. Approach / Methodology / Design: CAWI techniques were used in the study. The study was conducted at the turn of 2020 and 2020. The research sample included 1,000 respondents current owners of conventional fuel vehicles. Conclusions: Increasing the share in the electric vehicle market is one of the pillars of the electromobility development program in Poland. The authors emphasize the essence of the relationship between consumers' attitudes towards electric vehicles and the willingness to buy them and continue to use them. Practical implications: The study shows that the knowledge of consumer attitudes plays an important role in the development program electromobility in Poland. By verifying opinions about electric vehicles among their potential buyers. Originality/Value: The survey attempts to fill a gap in the literature on the subject. An experimental research approach may clarify the essence of the relationship between the development of electromobility and the attitude of consumers.
What Is the Buoyant Force on a Block at the Bottom of a Beaker of Water

Abstract : I propose that buoyant force be generally defined as the negative of the total weight of the fluids that are displaced, rather than as the net force exerted by fluid pressures on the surface of an object. In the case of a body fully surrounded by fluids, these two definitions are equivalent. However, if the object makes contact with a solid surface (such as the bottom of a beaker of liquid), only the first, volumetric definition is well defined while the second definition ambiguously depends on how much fluid penetrates between the object and the solid surface.
The Experience of Stress-Related Growth among Maternal Caregivers of Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder

Abstract A growing body of literature suggests that stressful life events and challenges can provide opportunities for stress-related growth (SRG). The aim of this study was to capture the characteristics of SRG among maternal caregivers of children with ASD. A total of 12 participants voluntarily participated in this study. Using constructivist grounded theory, three themes associated with these challenges were identified as positive outcomes: 1) experiencing personal growth, 2) developing closer relationships with others, and 3) generating coping strategies. Moreover, participants created a unique peer support group that contributed to their coping and SRG. These positive outcomes may contribute to individuals’ social and mental health benefits, suggesting that with adaptability stressful life experiences may lead to beneficial transformations.
Optimization for Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Aframomum melegueta Phenolics Using Response Surface Methodology

Aframomum melegueta seeds (AMS) is an African spice with well known traditional and therapeutic values. Its pharmacological activities are attributable mainly to phenolics. This study aimed to investigate and optimize the parameters affecting the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of AMS major constituents and total phenolic content (TPC) using response surface methodology. 6-gingerol, 6-shogoal and 6-paradol were isolated from AMS and a Box-Behnken design (3 factors /3 levels) was used to determine the effect of three extraction parameters (extraction time, methanol concentration and liquid/solid ratio) on their extraction yield. The results showed that methanol concentration and liquid/solid ratio have positive and significant impact on the UAE of TPC and the three investigated compounds, while extraction time has no significant effect. Under optimal conditions, each 1 g dry sample provides 9.32±0.02 mg, 3.72±0.01 mg, 12.32±0.04 mg and 10.71±0.19 mg/GAE of 6-gingerol, 6-shogoal, 6-paradol and TPC, respectively. The optimized UAE conditions were validated and are recommended for the recovery of 6-gingerol, 6-shogoal, 6-paradol and TPC from AMS for further applications as alternative to conventional extraction method.
The Activation Relationship to Father and the Attachment Relationship to Mother in Children with Externalizing Behaviors and Receiving Psychiatric Care

The activation relationship refers to the emotional bond a child develops with a parent that helps ensure the regulation of risk-taking during child exploration of the surrounding environment. As a complement to Bowlby’s attachment theory, activation relationship theory provides a greater understanding of the impact of fathering on child development, focusing primarily on parental stimulation of risk-taking and control during child exploration. The overarching objective of this article is to better understand the association between children’s relationship quality with both parents, via the activation to father and the attachment to mother relationships, and child externalizing behaviors in a clinical sample. Fifty two-parent families (40 boys and 10 girls) were recruited at random from a population of children receiving treatment at the perinatal and early childhood psychiatry clinic. Results with 44 children (with complete cases) showed that overactivated preschoolers displayed more externalizing behaviors than did children with either an activated or an under-activated relationship with their father. Results also showed that children with a disorganized-controlling caregiving attachment to their mother marginally presented with higher levels of externalizing behavior.
Computational study on the effect of steric hindrance in functionalised Zr-based metal-organic frameworks on hydrocarbon storage and separation

ABSTRACT Light hydrocarbon gases, such as methane, ethane, propane, ethylene, and propene, are commonly used in manufacturing processes as raw material or energy fuel. Traditionally, these gases are mainly separated by cryogenic distillation, which requires massive amounts of energy because of high-pressure and low-temperature operating conditions. Many studies have shown that metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are potential materials for gas storage and separation because of their unique properties, such as high surface area, nontoxicity, and large gas storage capacity. UiO-66 and its modified materials are considered ideal candidates for gas storage and separation and have attracted increased attention since they can be easily synthesized and are thermally and chemically stable. In this study, we used grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) to simulate and understand the gas adsorption behaviour of UiO-66 and its variants, including UiO-66-NO2, UiO-66-NH2, UiO-66-Br, and UiO-66-(CH3)2, for pure light hydrocarbon gases and their binary mixtures. The adsorption isotherm and adsorption site energy distribution are analysed and discussed to identify the best candidate for gas adsorption and separation. It is found that the modified form of UiO-66-NH2 has good selectivity, large gas storage potential, and high working capacity compared to UiO-66. Further insight into favourable gas adsorption positions is discussed.
Density-based kinetics for mesoscale simulations of detonation initiation in energetic materials

In this work we present one- and two-dimensional mesoscale simulations of detonation initiation in energetic materials. We solve the reactive Euler equations, with the energy equation augmented by a power deposition term. The reaction rate at the mesoscale is modelled using a density-based kinetics scheme, adapted from standard ‘Ignition and Growth’ models. The deposition term is based on previous results of simulations of void collapse at the microscale, modelled at the mesoscale as hot spots. For an isolated hot spot in a homogeneous medium, it is found that a critical size of the hot spots exists. If the hot spots exceed the critical size, initiation of detonation can be achieved. For sub-critical hot-spot sizes, we show that it takes a collection of hot spots to achieve detonation. We also carry out two-dimensional mesoscale simulations of random packs of HMX crystals in a binder, and show that the transition between no detonation and detonation depends on the number density of the hot spots, the initial radius of the hot spot, the post-shock pressure of an imposed shock, and the amplitude of the power deposition term.
Model to Reduce the Risk of Tuberculosis Transmission through Tissue, Mask and Sosa Pocket Addition into DOTS System Completeness in Medan, Province of North Sumatera 2017

Prevalence of Tuberculosis in North Sumatera Province in 2013 was 200 per 100,000 population. Case Detection Rate in Medan in 2012 was 89.42 %, higher than national target of 70 %. Reducing the risk of transmission requires specific action to destroy the bacteria inside the sputum, can be obtained through mask usage, disposing sputum in the tissues and soaking them into SOSA pocket containing 5% klorofen (4-kloro-alfa-fenilokresol). This study aimed to compare the risk of TB transmission between intervention and non-intervention group in using SOSA pocket. The population all new TB patients with smear-positive who came to health center with highest pulmonary TB in Medan. The sample taken purposively 30 patients for intervention group which the SOSA pocket and 30 patients for non-intervention group which only mask. The design was a quasi-experiment using post-test only design with control. The risk of transmission was measured using the questionnaire after two-months application. The results presented significant reductions of transmission risk between intervention and non-intervention groups based on gender, age, education, occupation, Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) providers’ role, sputum disposing habit and the potential of transmitter source (p < 0.05). The health center are expected to educate TB patients using SOSA pocket to terminate TB transmission.
Determination of sex from various measurements of mandibular ramus and mental foramen relations using digital panoramic imaging in a sample of Sohag governorate population.

Determination of human skeletal remnants is a vital step during mass disasters, from decayed and damaged dead bodies. In forensic investigations and medicolegal cases, identification of sex is an essential aspect, followed by age determination. Skeletal components most often investigated for gender determination are pelvis and skull, with the mandible being a practical element to analyze sexual dimorphism in fragmented bones. The mandible is the largest, strongest, and movable part of the skull. Objectives: The present study was designed to compare mandibular ramus measurements and mental foramen parameters on both sides to determine sex through digital panoramic radiography. Methodology: The present study included 150 adult patients, 75 were males, and 75 were female who performed panoramic x-ray. Their ages ranged from 25 to 50 years. Results: The present study revealed no significant difference between right and left sides regarding all measured mandibular and mental foramen parameters in males and females. A significant statistical increase in all measured mandibular and mental mean values was no significant statistical difference between males and females. The mean values of right and left Condylar Ramus height and distance from the superior margin of the mental foramen to the mandible (SM-IB) inferior margin were the correct predictors of both genders.
Salt Scales on Process Equipment: Measurement of the Induction Time for Calcium Carbonate Nucleation

Calcium carbonate and calcium sulphate scales can lead to an increase in running costs, can decline or stop the flow of fluids and cause early equipment fouling and failure in several industrial sectors, such as oil industries and desalted water production plants. A way to delay or hinder the formation of these salts is to use a proper additive, able to modify the nucleation kinetic increasing the induction times for salt nucleation. However, in order to properly understand the overall phenomenon it is worth defining the scenario of calcium sulphate and carbonate salts nucleation kinetics in the absence of any additive. The scope of the work is to measure, with a high resolution and in-line laser technique previously devised, the induction times for calcium carbonate nucleation on a lab scale plant. The experiments have been carried out at temperatures of 25 °C and 35 °C, with a supersaturation ratio S varying in the interval 2–210, and show that as expected the measured induction times for calcium carbonate nucleation strongly decrease while increasing supersaturation for each fixed temperature, outlining a wide metastable region. The obtained values have been used to evaluate the interfacial tension between salt crystals and mother solution (109.3 mJ/m2 for T = 25 °C and γsl = 95.7 mJ/m2 for T = 35 °C) that are in a good agreement with other available literature values. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Do online reviews have different effects on consumers’ sampling behaviour across product types? Evidence from the software industry

Previous research shows that online reviews may have different effects for search goods and experience goods. However, as a typical type of experience goods, software can be further divided into different categories based on product characteristics. Little research has been conducted regarding the different effects of online reviews for different types of software. Furthermore, to offer free samples is another common practice of software firms to alleviate consumer uncertainty prior to purchase. To fill the corresponding research gap, this research focuses on the interaction effects between online reviews and free samples for different types of software. Through our empirical analysis, we find that user ratings significantly increase consumers’ sample downloads. Furthermore, consumers download more samples for some categories than for others. Finally, user and editor ratings might have differential effects for different types of software.