Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Taming the flood—How far can we go with trees?

Like many parts of the world, some locations in the UK have seen unprecedented economic damage from severe flooding in recent years. This has resulted in a strong media interest in flood issues, highlighting the linkages between climate and hydrology to help the general public understand the conditions which generate floods and how they impact on communities. There is growing general awareness that climate change may be increasing the frequency of flood-generating precipitation events. Whilst increasing forest cover in many parts of the world is a positive step towards landscape restoration, the hydrological implications are complex with varying effects on ecosystem services. Forests generally use more water in summer through increased interception losses and transpiration, depending on species, density and location in the landscape. Whilst this can lead to increased soil moisture deficits and storage to mitigate summer floods, this is unlikely to affect the largest floods. Moreover, as most UK upland forests are commercial, any harvesting may reduce such advantages. In addition, whilst increased water use may ameliorate small and moderate floods, this may come at the cost of reduced summer flows and concomitant loss of ecosystem services. Clearly increased forest cover can potentially have both positive and negative hydrological effects depending on management objectives. In an era of climate change, the potential for decreasing summer low flows maybe viewed as a negative effect. In contrast, increased cover of riparian forests can moderate temperatures and increase in-stream habitat diversity through woody debris recruitment. So many gains accrue from increased forest cover in the uplands which may even help ameliorate some smaller and moderate summer floods. But, as the data presented here show, it is unlikely that these will help mitigate the biggest and most economically damaging floods. This raises a wider series of questions regarding the expectations from the promotion of NFM which need to be better understood and clearly communicated to the public and policy makers.
Response of corn hybrids on two soil types of Slatina podravina area

Ten corn hybrids were grown on two soil types of Drava Valley in Slatina area (alluvial soil and pseudogley) during two growing seasons (1998 and 1999). The field trials were sown by pneumatic sowing machine in four replicates (exp. plot 14m2). Planned plant density (PPD) depends on the hybrids and it was 71428, 63493 or 58310 plants/ha. Grain yields were calculated on 14% moisture and 90% realization of PPD basis. The ear-leaf at beginning of silking stage was taken for chemical analysis. The total amount of N was determined by Kjeldahl procedure, while P and K in corn leaves samples was measured by ICP-AES technique after their microwave digestion using concentrated HNO3+H2O2. Mobile fraction of these elements in soils was also determined by ICP-AES technique after their extraction by ammonium acetate-EDTA. Alluvial soil is neutral reaction and contains considerable higher levels of total and mobile fractions of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, as well lower levels of potassium in comparison with pseudogley. The growing seasons 1998 and 1999 were favorable for corn growing under conditions of the eastern Croatia. In both year of testing, corn yields on acid soil were about 25% lower in comparison with alluvial soil. The yields of individual hybrids (2-year means) were from 10.40 to 12.35 t/ha The higher yields (2-year means) on alluvial soil were found by 3 hybrids (OsSK554, OsSK458 and OsSK568exp.: mean 14, 01 t/ha), OsSK332, OsSK444, OsSK458exp found Yields above 10 t/ha on acid soil were found by four corn hybrids (OsSK 332, OsSK 444, OsSK458 and OsSK490exp. : mean 10, 84 t/ha. Significant influences of growing season on ear-leaf composition were found for N and K, while P concentrations were similar in both years of testing. The higher concentrations of N and K, as well the lower P concentrations were found in leaves when corn was grown on alluvial soil (means 3.75 and 3.56% N, 2.44 and 2.62 % K, 0.344 and 0.327 % P, for alluvial soil and pseudogley, respectively). These findings are in accordance with differences of humus contents and mobile fractions of P and K between two tested soils. Also, inheritance factors have considerable role in plant nutrients status because under identical environmental conditions were found significant differences of corn leaves compositions among tested hybrids as follows: from 3.39 to 3.92% N, from 0.311 to 0.366 % P and from 2.20 to 2.81 % K, respectively.
First observations of intense GPS L1 amplitude scintillations at midlatitude

First observations of intense GPS L1 amplitude scintillation activity in the midlatitude ionosphere at latitudes corresponding to the northeastern United States have been made. Moderate to severe, these scintillations result from space weather effects due to a disturbed ionosphere. Moderate to severe scintillations can degrade or even disrupt communication and navigation systems relying upon transionospheric radio wave propagation. A modified GPS receiver was used to record GPS satellite signal strength at Cornell University (53.2° magnetic latitude) during a magnetospheric disturbance on September 25–26, 2001 from 0000–0400 UTC. This disturbance (Kp = 6, minimum Dst = −110 nT) prompted the ionospheric trough to move equatorward over the northeastern U.S. and produced large plasma densities and gradients attributed to storm‐time effects. This disturbance resulted in intense L‐band amplitude scintillations (≥20 dB, S4 ≈ 0.8) which are highly uncharacteristic at this magnetic latitude. Concurrent measurements of TEC showed steep density gradients (∼30 TEC/deg) and evidence of irregularity structuring.
WebSIDD : Server for Predicting Stress-induced Duplex Destabilized ( SIDD ) Sites in Superhelical DNA

WebSIDD is a web-based service designed to predict locations and extents of stress-induced duplex destabilization (SIDD) that occur in a double-stranded DNA molecule of specified base sequence, on which a specified level of superhelical stress is imposed. The algorithm calculates the approximate equilibrium statistical mechanical distribution of a population of identical molecules among its accessible states. The user inputs the DNA sequence, and the program outputs the calculated transition probability and destabilization energy of each base pair in the sequence. As options, the user can specify the temperature and the level of superhelicity. The values of all structural and energy parameters used in the calculation have been experimentally measured. WebSIDD should prove useful for finding SIDD-susceptible sites in genomic sequences, and correlating their occurrence with locations involved in regulatory and pathological processes. This strategy already has illuminated the roles of SIDD in diverse biological regulatory processes, including transcriptional initiation and termination, and the eukaryotic nuclear scaffold attachments that partition chromosomes into domains.
Towards Spectral E�ciency Enhancement for IoT Aided Smart Transportation: A Compressive OFDM Transmission and Regularized Recovery Approach

The increasing number of vehicles brings ubiquitous connectivity and huge information interaction, implementing with limited spectrum resource. Focusing on the higher spectral e ﬃ ciency requirement, a compressive OFDM system is proposed in this paper. The idea of compressing the transmission of OFDM signal for spectral e ﬃ ciency enhancement origins from GP extrapolation algorithm for bandlimited signal. In the proposed scheme, a truncation ﬁlter with deliberately designed compressed ratio and truncation mode is performed on the OFDM signal to generate the compressive OFDM signal. At the receiver, up-sampling and iterative extrapolation are conducted to recover from the partial signal. Simulation results show that the compressive OFDM signal could be compressed up to 0.5, presenting better compressive capability than the typical nonorthogonal SEFDM system. Further considering the ill-posed problem caused by the noise, a regularization approach is adopted to retain the convergence of recovery. Moreover, the proposed compressive OFDM system possesses the spectrally e ﬃ cient advantage than SEFDM system. At the compressed ratio 0.5, the compressive OFDM system possesses better BER than SEFDM. At 10dB E b /N 0 , the throughput rate of the compressive OFDM is 2 times and 1.6 times higher than OFDM and SEFDM, respectively.
Understanding the Antecedents and Consequences of E-Government Service Quality: An Empirical Investigation

Difficulties in defining and understanding the antecedents and consequences of e-government service quality have stymied the design of efficacious e-government websites. This study thus presents a working definition of e-government service quality that bridges the gap between MIS and marketing literatures. We then explore the delineation between service content and delivery quality as potential antecedents of e-government service quality. Together with cognitive and system-salient consequences derived from prior research, we construct and empirically test an egovernment service quality model on a sample of 647 existing e-government service participants. 15 out of 17 hypotheses were supported, thereby attesting to the saliency of the constructs and relationships embodied in our model. Further, the structural properties of our model were validated using both LISREL and PLS analytical techniques. This lends credibility to our explanations and predictions by affirming the stability of our theoretical base upon which the hypothesized relationships were generated.
Evidence for plunging river plume deposits in the Pahrump Hills member of the Murray formation, Gale crater, Mars

Recent robotic missions to Mars have offered new insights into the extent, diversity and habitability of the Martian sedimentary rock record. Since the Curiosity rover landed in Gale crater in August 2012, the Mars Science Laboratory Science Team has explored the origins and habitability of ancient fluvial, deltaic, lacustrine and aeolian deposits preserved within the crater. This study describes the sedimentology of a ca 13 m thick succession named the Pahrump Hills member of the Murray formation, the first thick fine‐grained deposit discovered in situ on Mars. This work evaluates the depositional processes responsible for its formation and reconstructs its palaeoenvironmental setting. The Pahrump Hills succession can be sub‐divided into four distinct sedimentary facies: (i) thinly laminated mudstone; (ii) low‐angle cross‐stratified mudstone; (iii) cross‐stratified sandstone; and (iv) thickly laminated mudstone–sandstone. The very fine grain size of the mudstone facies and abundant millimetre‐scale and sub‐millimetre‐scale laminations exhibiting quasi‐uniform thickness throughout the Pahrump Hills succession are most consistent with lacustrine deposition. Low‐angle geometric discordances in the mudstone facies are interpreted as ‘scour and drape’ structures and suggest the action of currents, such as those associated with hyperpycnal river‐generated plumes plunging into a lake. Observation of an overall upward coarsening in grain size and thickening of laminae throughout the Pahrump Hills succession is consistent with deposition from basinward progradation of a fluvial‐deltaic system derived from the northern crater rim into the Gale crater lake. Palaeohydraulic modelling constrains the salinity of the ancient lake in Gale crater: assuming river sediment concentrations typical of floods on Earth, plunging river plumes and sedimentary structures like those observed at Pahrump Hills would have required lake densities near freshwater to form. The depositional model for the Pahrump Hills member presented here implies the presence of an ancient sustained, habitable freshwater lake in Gale crater for at least ca 103 to 107 Earth years.
Balancing mixed-model assembly lines: a computational evaluation of objectives to smoothen workload

Mixed-model assembly lines are widely used in a range of production settings, such as the final assembly of the automotive and electronics industries, where they are applied to mass-produce standardised commodities. One of the greatest challenges when installing and reconfiguring these lines is the vast product variety modern mixed-model assembly lines have to cope with. Traditionally, product variety is bypassed during mid-term assembly line balancing by applying a joint precedence graph, which represents an (artificial) average model and serves as the input data for a single model assembly line balancing procedure. However, this procedure might lead to considerable variations in the station times, so that serious sequencing problems emerge and work overload threatens. To avoid these difficulties, different extensions of assembly line balancing for workload smoothing, i.e. horizontal balancing, have been introduced in the literature. This paper presents a multitude of known and yet unknown objectives for workload smoothing and systematically tests these measures in a comprehensive computational study. The results suggest that workload smoothing is an essential task in mixed-model assembly lines and that some (of the newly introduced) objectives are superior to others.
Planetary Period Oscillations in Saturn's Magnetosphere: Comparison of Magnetic and SKR Modulation Periods and Phases During Northern Summer to the End of the Cassini Mission

We compare periods and phases of Saturn planetary period oscillations determined from Cassini magnetic field and Saturn kilometric radiation (SKR) data from the beginning of 2016 to the end of mission in mid‐September 2017, encompassing northern summer solstice in May 2017. Both data sets show that the periods are almost unchanging, varying by only ~ ±0.01 hr about 10.79 hr for the northern system and 10.68 hr for the southern system, close to values attained by mid‐2015 after period coalescence between mid‐2013 and mid‐2014. The mean absolute differences between the magnetic and SKR periods are ~0.0036 hr (~13 s), consistent with estimated magnetic measurement uncertainties, while the overall mean difference is less than 0.001 hr (~2–3 s), at the limit of resolution. The relative phasing between magnetic and SKR modulations is correspondingly near constant and such that the equatorial planetary period oscillation fields of the northern/southern systems point radially outward near‐oppositely at ~14.3/2.5 hr local time at corresponding SKR maxima, with upward planetary period oscillation currents located ~2 hr postdawn for both systems, consistent with previous intervals having dawnside spacecraft apoapsides. Southern SKR emissions are found to be significantly dual modulated at both southern and northern periods in data limited to lie well within the southern shadow zone of the northern sources. These northern period modulations are shown to be approximately in phase with those in the northern emissions, consistent with a recent suggestion that bidirectional auroral electron acceleration may generate in phase SKR emissions in both hemispheres.
HAR-GCNN: Deep Graph CNNs for Human Activity Recognition From Highly Unlabeled Mobile Sensor Data

The problem of human activity recognition from mobile sensor data applies to multiple domains, such as health monitoring, personal fitness, daily life logging, and senior care. A critical challenge for training human activity recognition models is data quality. Acquiring balanced datasets containing accurate activity labels requires humans to correctly annotate and potentially interfere with the subjects’ normal activities in real-time. Despite the likelihood of incorrect annotation or lack thereof, there is often an inherent chronology to human behavior. For example, we take a shower after we exercise. This implicit chronology can be used to learn unknown labels and classify future activities. In this work, we propose HAR-GCCN, a deep graph CNN model that leverages the correlation between chronologically adjacent sensor measurements to predict the correct labels for unclassified activities that have at least one activity label. We propose a new training strategy enforcing that the model predicts the missing activity labels by leveraging the known ones. HAR-GCCN shows superior performance relative to previously used baseline methods, improving classification accuracy by about 25% and up to 68% on different datasets.
The age and tectonic significance of the Warraweena Volcanics and related rocks, southern Thomson Orogen

Abstract Magmatic-textured zircon from medium- to high-K calc-alkaline Warraweena Volcanics (WV) in two drill holes have yielded concordant U–Pb dates of 417 ± 3.5 and 414 ± 4.0 Ma and are interpreted as maximum emplacement ages. The Warraweena volcanics were previously considered to be either Neoproterozoic or Macquarie arc equivalents. Whole-rock εNdt values of these volcanics are +4.5 and +4.8. Along strike of the drill holes, Devonian zircon U–Pb ages (411 ± 5.5 Ma) were obtained from coherent S-type rhyolite flows that have highly negative εNdt values (–7.9 and –7.8). These are a component of the Oxley volcanics. The ages of the Warraweena and Oxley volcanics are identical within uncertainty. The Oxley volcanics (OV) are interbedded with predominantly fine- to medium-grained metasedimentary and so imply a Lower Devonian deposition age for these host rocks. Based on their geophysical characteristics, the metasediments are widely distributed. These metasedimentary rocks yield a wide range of maximum depositional ages, from Early Devonian to earliest Ordovician–latest Cambrian, similar to the Cobar Basin. The absence of complex fabric development typical of Ordovician supracrustal rocks in the region, and conformity with the OV where observable suggest the widespread sedimentation was synchronous with rift-related volcanism in the Early Devonian. Regionally, the WV is temporally, geochemically and isotopically (εNd values) similar to the calc-alkaline Louth Volcanics located over 100 km to the southwest of the WV. Louth Volcanics define a complexly folded belt in geophysical data. Other potentially correlative Early Devonian igneous rocks occur in the nearby Cobar Superbasin and elsewhere in the eastern Lachlan Orogen and are considered to represent the products of a post-orogenic, nascent continental back-arc rift system.
Water Mass Analysis of the East China Sea and Interannual Variation of Kuroshio Subsurface Water Intrusion Through an Optimum Multiparameter Method

The Optimum Multiparameter (OMP) method was used to determine the relative contribution of water masses in the East China Sea (ECS) based on their measured temperature, salinity, and dissolved inorganic iodine species (DIIS, iodate and iodide) from recent oceanographic cruises in June 2014, 2015, and 2016. DIIS (as quasi-conservative parameters) were added first into the OMP analysis, which enabled us to quantitatively estimate the water composition in the extremely dynamic and productive ECS. The OMP results indicate that seawater in the ECS mainly consisted of Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW), Taiwan Strait Warm Water (TSWW), Kuroshio Surface Water (KSW), and Kuroshio Subsurface Water (KSSW). In June 2014, 2015, and 2016, the KSSW dominated in the deep water, intruded into the ECS shelf from the northeast of Taiwan and bifurcated into a nearshore branch and offshore branch. The nearshore branch could reach north of 29 degrees N off the Zhejiang coast. When comparing the KSSW intrusion in June 2014, 2015, and 2016, the average KSSW contribution of the bottom KSSW area in June 2016 (78.9%) was greater than in the previous 2 years (67.9% and 64.5%). In the northern transects (north of 28 degrees N), the KSSW intrusion in June 2016 also contained the greatest average KSSW contribution and the maximum coverage area. Thus, the KSSW intrusion was strongest in June 2016 and may be comparable in June 2014 and 2015. This interannual variability of the KSSW intrusion is likely related to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) rather than the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO).
Auditory and Visual Semantic Priming in Lexical Decision: A Comparison Using Event-related Brain Potentials

Abstract This study compared and contrasted semantic priming in the visual and auditory modalities using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and behavioural measures (errors and reaction time). Subjects participated in two runs (one visual, one auditory) of a lexical decision task where stimuli were word pairs consisting of “prime” words followed by equal numbers of words semantically related to the primes, words unrelated to the primes, pseudo-words, and nonwords. Subjects made slower responses, made more errors, and their ERPs had larger negative components (N400) to unrelated words than to related words in both modalities. However, the ERP priming effect began earlier, was larger in size, and lasted longer in the auditory modality than in the visual modality. In addition, the lateral distribution of N400 over the scalp differed in the two modalities. It is suggested that there may be overlap in the priming processes that occur in each modality but that these processes are not identical. The results a.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Development Stages of Rice under Rice – Wheat Ecosystem

In India too rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) is most widely adopted system, covering over 10.5 million ha – mostly in the Indo Gangetic Plains. Among cereals, rice and wheat are the most important crops, which account for about 60 per cent of world’s human energy requirement. In India, total area under rice is 43.13 million hectares and that of wheat is 29.57 million hectares with production of 100.45 and 90.38 million tonnes of respectively. However, the productivity of both rice and wheat is low i.e. 2,323 and 3056 kg/ha, respectively (GOI, 2015).
Learning Patterns from Unix Process Execution Traces for Intrusion DetectionI Wenke Lee and

In this paper we describe our preliminary experiments to extend the work pioneered by Forrest (see Forrest et al. 1996) on learning the (normal abnormal) patterns of Unix processes. These patterns can be used to identify misuses of and intrusions in Unix systems. We formulated machine learning tasks on operating system call sequences of normal and abnormal (intrusion) executions of the Unix sendmail program. We show that our methods can accurately distinguish all abnormal executions of sendmail from the normal ones provided in a set of test traces. These preliminary results indicate that machine learning can play an important role by generalizing stored sequence information to perhaps provide broader intrusion detection services. The experiments also reveal some interesting and challenging problems for future research. much effort has been devoted to the problem of detecting intrusions as quickly as possible. There are two basic approaches to intrusion detection: ̄ Misuse Intrusion Detection: known patterns of (past intrusions are used to identify intrusions as they happen, as in (Kumar and Spafford 1995) and STAT (Ilgun et al. 1995). ̄ Anomaly Intrusion Detection: recognizes behaviors that deviate from (recorded) normal behavior (as (Forrest et al. 1996)). Since intruders are constantly inventing new (hence priori unknown) attacks, using only the misuse intrusion detection method will likely be inadequate in fully protecting any computer system. Some systems, for example the IDES system (Lunt et al. 1992), use both approaches.