Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subaru Telescope adaptive optics observations of gravitationally lensed quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

We present the results of an imaging observation campaign conducted with the Subaru Telescope adaptive optics system (IRCS+AO188) on 28 gravitationally lensed quasars (23 doubles, 1 quad, and 1 possible triple, and 3 candidates) from the SDSS Quasar Lens Search. We develop a novel modelling technique that fits analytical and hybrid point spread functions (PSFs), while simultaneously measuring the relative astrometry, photometry, as well as the lens galaxy morphology. We account for systematics by simulating the observed systems using separately observed PSF stars. The measured relative astrometry is comparable with that typically achieved with the Hubble Space Telescope, even after marginalizing over the PSF uncertainty. We model for the first time the quasar host galaxies in 5 systems, without a-priory knowledge of the PSF, and show that their luminosities follow the known correlation with the mass of the supermassive black hole. For each system, we obtain mass models far more accurate than those previously published from low-resolution data, and we show that in our sample of lensing galaxies the observed light profile is more elliptical than the mass, for ellipticity > 0.25. We also identify eight doubles for which the sources of external and internal shear are more reliably separated, and should therefore be prioritized in monitoring campaigns aimed at measuring time-delays in order to infer the Hubble constant.
A Large-Scale Measurement and Optimization of Mobile Live Streaming Services

Mobile Live Streaming (MLS) services are one of the most popular types of mobile apps. They involve a (often amateur) user broadcasting content to a potentially large online audience via unreliable networks. Nevertheless, we still lack a deep understanding of MLS user behavior that is critical for optimizing MLS systems, despite some active measurements on viewer-side behavior. Using detailed logs obtained from a major MLS provider, this paper first conducts an in-depth measurement study of both viewer-side and broadcaster-side behavior. Key findings include large wasteful uploads, strong viewing locality, and traffic dominance of loyal viewers. Specifically, 33.3% of uploads go unwatched, and the viewership of broadcasters tends to be localized. Inspired by our findings, we propose EdgeOpt– a centralized control center for MLS services for optimizing both the first-mile and the last-mile transmission in MLS. Specifically, EdgeOpt reduces wasteful uploading by 71% through adaptive uploading and enhances the replay quality of popular video segments by 10% via highlights retransmission. EdgeOpt also uses a learning-based content pre-fetching scheme that boosts the viewing startup by 29.5% and offloads at most 80% of the viewing workload from the edge servers with peer-assisted delivery.
Mergers and interactions in SDSS type 2 quasars at z~0.3-0.4. SDSS J143027.66-005614.8: a case study

We present a compilation of HST images of 58 luminous SDSS type 2 AGNs at 0.3 25/42 or >59%) show clear signatures of morphological disturbance which are in most cases identified with merger/interaction processes. We discuss this in the context of related works on type 2 quasars and powerful radio galaxies. We study in detail the particular case of the radio quiet type 2 quasar SDSS J143027.66-005614.8 at z=0.32 based on VLT, HST and SDSS imaging and spectroscopic data. We discuss the global properties of the object in the context of theoretical and observational studies of galaxy mergers/interactions and their role in the triggering of the nuclear and star formation activities in the most luminous active galaxies.
existential vacuum of orphans of adolescent students

The current research aims to identify the existential vacuum in orphans of adolescent students, and to define the significance of differences in the existential vacuum in orphans of adolescent students according to the variable of gender (male, female), and the school stage (intermediate, and preparatory), and to achieve this, the researchers built a measure of existential vacuum, which consisted in its final form of (29) paragraphs. The study sample included adolescent orphaned students, distributed by (200) males and (200) females, and distributed by (200) middle schools and (200) middle schools in Diwaniya governorate. The sample was selected by a random method with equal distribution, and the results of the research reached a set of results, including that adolescent orphaned students do not suffer from existential emptiness, and that females suffer from existential vacuum more than males when we compare the calculated mortal value with the tabular value at the level of significance of 0.05, and the researchers also found that there are no statistically significant differences in the school stage, There are statistically significant differences in the existential space according to the bilateral interaction between sex (male, female) and school stage (intermediate, junior).
Development and modelling of a point source integrating cavity absorption meter (PSICAM)

Acknowledgement iii Table of contents iv C H A P T E R 1: I N T R O D U C T I O N I 1.1. W H Y M E A S U R E L I G H T A B S O R P T I O N I N . T H E O C E A N S ? l 1.2. T H E P R O B L E M 2 1.3. T H E P R O P A G A T I O N O F L I G H T U N D E R W A T E R 4 1.3.1. Defining the light field. 5 1.3. 2. The Apparent Optical Properties 8 1.3. 2.1. Average cosine 8 1.3. 2.2. Rencctance 9 1.3. 3. The Inherent Optical Properties 10 1.3. 4. Radiative Transfer Theory 13 1.3. 5. Summary 15 C H A P T E R 2 : T H E A B S O R P T I O N A N D S C A T T E R I N G O F U N D E R W A T E R L I G H T 1 6 2.1. T H E A B S O R B I N G C O M P O N E N T S 16 2.1.1. Water 17 2.1.2. Yellow substance (GelbstofO -2̂ 2.1.3. Organic and inorganic detritus (Tripton) 22 2.1. 4. Phytoplankton 24 2.1. 5. Total absorption coefficient bio-optical models 26 2.2. T H E S C A T T E R I N G O F U N D E R W A T E R L I G H T 28 2.2.1. The scattering process 28 2.2.1.1. Rayleigh scattering 29 2.2.1.2. Large scale scattering Mie Scattering 30 2.2.2. The scattering components 37 2.2.2.1. Pure water and pure sea water 38 2.2.2.2. Suspended particles 40 2.2.2.3. Scattering by bubbles 51 2.2.3. Conclusion 53 C H A P T E R 3 : T H E M E A S U R E M E N T O F A B S O R P T I O N A N D S C A T T E R I N G 5 5 3.1. T H E M E A S U R E M E N T O F A B S O R P T I O N 55 3.1.1. Refecting Tube Absorption Meter (RTAM) 56 3.1.2. Tethered Optical Profiling System (TOPS) 5 7
BR-Mediated Protein S-Nitrosylation Alleviated Low-Temperature Stress in Mini Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis)

Brassinosteroids (BRs), a novel plant hormone, are widely involved in plant growth and stress response processes. Nitric oxide (NO), as an important gas signaling molecule, can regulate target protein activity, subcellular localization and function in response to various stresses through post-translational S-nitrosylation modifications. However, the relationship between BR and NO in alleviating low-temperature stress of mini Chinese cabbage remains unclear. The hydroponic experiment combined with the pharmacological and molecular biological method was conducted to study the alleviating mechanism of BR at low temperature in mini Chinese cabbage. The results showed that low temperature inhibited the growth of mini Chinese cabbage seedlings, as evidenced by dwarf plants and yellow leaves. Treatment with 0.05 mg/L BR and 50 µM NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) significantly increased the leaf area, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, dry and fresh weight and proline content. Meanwhile, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in 0.05 mg/L BR- and 50 µM GSNO-treated leaves were significantly lower than those in other treated leaves under low-temperature conditions. In addition, BR and GSNO applications induced an increase in NO and S-nitrosothiol (SNO) levels in vivo under low-temperature stress. Similarly, spraying BR after the elimination of NO also increased the level of S-nitrosylation in vivo, while spraying GSNO after inhibiting BR biosynthesis decreased the level of NO and SNO in vivo. In contrast, the S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (BrGSNOR) relative expression level and GSNOR enzyme activity were downregulated and inhibited by BR treatment, GSNO treatment and spraying BR after NO clearance, while the relative expression level of BrGSNOR was upregulated and GSNOR enzyme activity was also increased when spraying GSNO after inhibiting BR synthesis. Meanwhile, the biotin switch assay showed that exogenous BR increased the level of total nitrosylated protein in vivo under low-temperature stress. These results suggested that BR might act as an upstream signal of NO, induced the increase of NO content in vivo and then induced the protein S-nitrosylation modification to alleviate the damage of mini Chinese cabbage seedlings under low-temperature stress.
Designing Cluster Development-based Entrepreneurial School Model in Tourism Sector for Vocational High School

: This study aimed at obtaining the design of an entrepreneurial school model for vocational high school based on an effective cluster development in tourism sector to strengthen the competitiveness of vocational high school graduates. This study applied research and development procedures and design based research (DBR) models which were integrated with constructivistic design principles. The procedures involve evaluation and determination of regional supremacy as a leading commodity / industry; development of design and product model for entrepreneurial school cluster-based model; and a reflection and experimental process to get the final product model. The collection of data on developing process was taken through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGD) in schools, governments, industrial world groups, and other stakeholders. In addition, the questionnaire was also used to get the feasibility of the design by involving experts in the areas of tourism, economy, education, and development. The overall data were then analyzed qualitatively. The components of the entrepreneurial school model produced involve audience, content, procedures, and evaluations. The design produced learning outcomes, an integrated entrepreneurial curriculum, standardized documents and standard operational procedures, entrepreneurship school management modules. The expert analytical test shows that the overall design and product model are very good.
An Interdisciplinary Perspective on Greenland’s Changing Coastal Margins

Greenland’s coastal margins are influenced by the confluence of Arctic and Atlantic waters, sea ice, icebergs, and meltwater from the ice sheet. Hundreds of spectacular glacial fjords cut through the coastline and support thriving marine ecosystems and, in some places, adjacent Greenlandic communities. Rising air and ocean temperatures, as well as glacier and sea-ice retreat, are impacting the conditions that support these systems. Projecting how these regions and their communities will evolve requires understanding both the large-scale climate variability and the regional-scale web of physical, biological, and social interactions. Here, we describe pan-Greenland physical, biological, and social settings and show how they are shaped by the ocean, the atmosphere, and the ice sheet. Next, we focus on two communities, Qaanaaq in Northwest Greenland, exposed to Arctic variability, and Ammassalik in Southeast Greenland, exposed to Atlantic variability. We show that while their climates today are similar to those of the warm 1930s­–1940s, temperatures are projected to soon exceed those of the last 100 years at both locations. Existing biological records, including fisheries, provide some insight on ecosystem variability, but they are too short to discern robust patterns. To determine how these systems will evolve in the future requires an improved understanding of the linkages and external factors shaping the ecosystem and community response. This interdisciplinary study exemplifies a first step in a systems approach to investigating the evolution of Greenland’s coastal margins.
The Angular Correlation Function of Galaxies from Early Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey is one of the first multicolor photometric and spectroscopic surveys designed to measure the statistical properties of galaxies within the local universe. In this paper we present some of the initial results on the angular two-point correlation function measured from the early SDSS galaxy data. The form of the correlation function, over the magnitude interval 18 < r* < 22, is shown to be consistent with results from existing wide-field, photographic-based surveys and narrower CCD galaxy surveys. On scales between 1' and 1° the correlation function is well described by a power law with an exponent of ≈-0.7. The amplitude of the correlation function, within this angular interval, decreases with fainter magnitudes in good agreement with analysis from existing galaxy surveys. There is a characteristic break in the correlation function on scales of approximately 1°-2°. On small scales, θ < 1′, the SDSS correlation function does not appear to be consistent with the power-law form fitted to the 1′ < θ < 0. °5 data. With a data set that is less than 2% of the full SDSS survey area, we have obtained high-precision measurements of the power-law angular correlation function on angular scales 1′ < θ < 1°, which are robust to systematic uncertainties. Because of the limited area and the highly correlated nature of the error covariance matrix, these initial results do not yet provide a definitive characterization of departures from the power-law form at smaller and larger angles. In the near future, however, the area of the SDSS imaging survey will be sufficient to allow detailed analysis of the small- and large-scale regimes, measurements of higher order correlations, and studies of angular clustering as a function of redshift and galaxy type.
Phytochemical Compositions and Antioxidant Properties of Combined Funtumia africana and Abutilon mauritianum Extract (CFAE)

Medically active compounds in plants confer biological effects including antioxidant properties. This study evaluated the phytochemical content and in vitro antioxidant properties of combined Funtumia africana leaves and Abutilon mauritianum extract (CFAE). The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and nitric oxide radical (NO.) scavenging capabilities were used as antioxidant assay models. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed that CFAE is rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols and cardiac glycosides. The extract contains antioxidant vitamins A, C and E, vitamin E being the most abundant. The CFAE showed a dose-dependent TAC based on the observed FRAP, TBARS, and DPPH scavenging activity which could be attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds and vitamins E. These strongly suggest that CFAE is a potential source of phytochemicals and antioxidants which could be exploited in the food and pharmaceutical industries in production of potent nutraceuticals or therapeutically-important products.
IRS-Aided Uplink Transmission Scheme in Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Networks

This paper proposes an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided uplink transmission scheme to expand the wireless coverage and improve spectral efficiency for an integrated satellite-terrestrial network (ISTN). Here, multiple earth stations communicate with the satellite via non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology, while multiple direct users and blockage users access the cellular network through space division multiple access and IRS-aided NOMA technology, respectively. In particular, we first aim at maximizing the ergodic sum rate of the ISTN subject to the quality-of-service requirements and transmit power budgets of all users, yielding a constrained optimization problem. Then, based on the assumption that only the statistical channel state information (CSI) is available, we propose a two-layer alternating algorithm to solve the non-convex original problem. The algorithm combines successive convex approximation with $S$-procedure approach to calculate the phase shifts of IRS and transmit powers of all users in the first layer, and uses Charnes-Cooper method with semi-definite programming to calculate beamforming vectors at the BS in the second layer. Furthermore, with the help of the zero-forcing beamforming principle, we propose a low-complexity algorithm to solve the problem that can reduce the computational load effectively. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithms can obtain a higher ergodic sum rate than the benchmarks.
Comparing distributions by multiple testing across quantiles

Despite low sensitivity in the tails, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test is widely used in empirical economics because it: 1) is distribution-free and nonparametric, 2) provides uniform confidence bands for the CDF by inversion, 3) identifies which particular part(s) of the distribution caused the test to reject, 4) supports finite-sample critical values, and 5) computes quickly. The recent Dirichlet approach of Buja and Rolke (2006) uses the probability integral transform to attain more even sensitivity while retaining (1)–(4), but not (5). We contribute to computation, interpretation, and power of the Dirichlet approach, including first-order stochastic dominance testing. First, we make one-sample computation nearly instant with a new formula that replaces just-in-time simulation. Second, we propose a variant of the two-sample test that also enables pre-computation of finite-sample critical values. Third, we show the Dirichlet-based CDF confidence bands to be uniform credible bands in a particular nonparametric Bayesian framework. Fourth, we interpret the global null hypotheses as families of pointwise quantile or CDF hypotheses, and we establish the one-sample and two-sample methods' strong control of familywise error rate (FWER). Fifth, we propose stepdown and pre-test procedures to improve power while maintaining strong control of FWER. Simulations, empirical examples, and code are provided. Classification-JEL: C12, C14, C21
Leisure eating practices and plate waste in China: the consumer perspective

ABSTRACT In China, food waste at the consumption stage is at its highest when eating out. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the organisation of social, cultural, and material practices associated with eating-out in China, which result in food waste. By challenging the prevalent structure/agency dualism in traditional food waste studies, this research draws on Warde’s conceptual framework of eating as a compound practice to offer a nuanced understanding of food waste. It provides a novel contribution to understanding how food waste might be reduced. A combination of semi-structured interviews and eat-along sessions were adopted in this study. 28 Chinese participants joined the research over a four-month period in 2017 in two Chinese cities. 26 in-depth semi-structured interviews were undertaken alongside 16 eat-along sessions. Qualitative data were interpreted using Thematic Analysis. The findings suggest that eating-out food practices can be understood through the following integrative practices: social organisation of meal occasions, judgement of aesthetic qualities, judgement of bodily capacity, and judgement of food functionality. Amongst these four practices, plate waste was attributed to the judgement of surplus foods’ edibility and waste avoidance, which were explored through the three dimensions of eating-out food practice: temporality, materiality, and conventionality.
Etude de quelques équations d'ondes en milieux dispersifs ou dispersifs-dissipatifs

Dans cette these nous nous interessons aux proprietes qualitatives et quantitatives des solutions de quelques equations d'ondes en milieux dispersifs ou dispersifs-dissipatifs. Dans une premiere partie, nous etudions le probleme de Cauchy associe aux equations de Benjamin-Ono generalisees. A l'aide de transformees de jauge, combinees avec des outils d'analyse harmonique, nous prouvons des resultats concernant le caractere localement bien pose pour des donnees initiales de regularite minimale dans l'echelle des espaces de Sobolev. Dans une seconde partie, nous etudions le probleme de Cauchy pour des versions dissipatives des equations de Benjamin-Ono et de Korteweg-de Vries. Nous mettons en evidence l'influence des effets dissipatifs sur ces equations en donnant des resultats optimaux sur leur caractere bien ou mal pose. Ceux-ci sont obtenus en travaillant dans des espaces de type Bourgain adaptes a la partie dispersive-dissipative. Pour finir nous etudions le comportement asymptotique des solutions des equations de KdV dissipatives, lorsque celles-ci existent pour tout temps, en calculant explicitement les premiers termes du developpement asymptotique dans de nombreux espaces de Sobolev
Fundamentals of Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors

The search for gravitational waves the nature of gravitational waves sources of gravitational waves linear systems, signals and noise optical readout noise folded interferometer arms thermal noise seismic noise and vibration isolation design of large interferometers null instruments feedback control systems an interferometer as an active null instrument resonant mass gravitational wave detectors detecting gravitational wave signals gravitational wave astronomy prospects.
Electrical Characterization and Modeling of GaN HEMTs at Cryogenic Temperatures

In this work, we present a phenomenological cryogenic model for gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with validity all the way down to a temperature of 10 K, benchmarked with experimental characterization results. The device under test (DUT) for cryogenic characterization is a GaN HEMT with a channel length of 250 nm and a gate width of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$40~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The characterization results exhibit the negative threshold voltage shifts of −3.437, −3.087, and −2.998 V at the temperatures of 300, 60, and 10 K, respectively. Additionally, kink effects at cryogenic temperatures in output characteristics are observed that behave non-monotonically with gate-to-source bias. The impact of detrapping is modeled to investigate the negative shift in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {TH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with increasing temperature. To model the kink, the effects of temperature, impact ionization, and field-dependent trapping/detrapping on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {TH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> have been explored and implemented as a submodel in the industry standard Advanced SPICE Model (ASM)-HEMT framework. Here, we aim to overcome the limitations of the prior GaN device models in the quest for enabling GaN-based circuits for cryogenic applications, such as deep space reception, radio astronomy, and quantum computing.