Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monolithic 40 to 60 GHz LNA

A monolithic broadband low-noise amplifier (LNA) using MESFET technology has been demonstrated at U-band. This monolithic chip has demonstrated better than 7-dB gain with less than 1.5-dB ripple and a worst-case noise figure of 7.5 dB across the 40-60-GHz band. This chip has also demonstrated better than +8 dBm of output power across the U-band. Lower noise figure numbers are expected when such MMICs (monolithic microwave integrated circuits) are processed using optimized low-noise MESFET devices. These are state-of-the-art results for MESFETs and millimeter-wave amplifier technologies. <<ETX>>
Controllable morphology of Bi2S3 nanostructures formed via hydrothermal vulcanization of Bi2O3 thin-film layer and their photoelectrocatalytic performances

Abstract Bi2S3 nanostructures with various morphologies were synthesized through hydrothermal vulcanization at different sulfur precursor (thiourea) concentrations. A 100 nm thick sputter-deposited Bi2O3 thin-film layer on a fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrate was used as a sacrificial template layer. The etching of the Bi2O3 sacrificial template layer and the regrowth of Bi2S3 crystallites during hydrothermal vulcanization produced the different Bi2S3 nanostructure morphologies. The lowest sulfur precursor concentration (0.01 M) induced the formation of Bi2S3 nanosheets, whereas the Bi2S3 nanoribbons and nanowires were formed with increased sulfur precursor concentrations of 0.03 and 0.1 M, respectively. These results indicate that sputter-deposited Bi2O3 thin-film layers can be effectively used to form low-dimensional Bi2S3 crystals with controllable morphologies. Among the various Bi2S3 samples, the Bi2S3 nanosheets exhibited superior photoactive ability. The higher active surface area, surface defect density, light absorption capacity, and photo-induced charge separation ability of Bi2S3 nanosheets explain their superior photoelectrocatalytic degradation ability of rhodamine B dyes.
Phase-reduction analysis of periodic thermoacoustic oscillations in a Rijke tube

Abstract Phase-reduction analysis captures the linear phase dynamics with respect to a limit cycle subjected to weak external forcing. We apply this technique to study the phase dynamics of the self-sustained oscillations produced by a Rijke tube undergoing thermoacoustic instability. Through the phase-reduction formulation, we are able to reduce these dynamics to a scalar equation for the phase, which allows us to efficiently determine the synchronisation properties of the system. For the thermoacoustic system, we find the conditions for which $m:n$ frequency locking occurs, which sheds light on the mechanisms behind asynchronous and synchronous quenching. We also reveal the optimal placement of pressure actuators that provide the most efficient route to synchronisation.
Reintegration into Civilian Life The case of former MK and APLA combatants

In the early- to mid-1990s, parties responsible for negotiating South Africa's future were faced with the challenge of having to deal with its variety of armed forces, namely, Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), the Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA), the former homeland armed forces (referred to as the TBVC armed forces - that is, of the former Transkei, Boputhatswana, Venda and the Ciskei) and the South African Defence Force (SADF), all of which had the potential to destabilise the country. A two-fold strategy was eventually agreed upon. Firstly, a new representative national armed force would be created, consisting of soldiers from all the above-mentioned armed forces. Secondly, thousands of combatants would be demobilised and reintegrated into civilian life.
Mixed-integer programming applied to short-term planning of a hydro-thermal system

In this paper, a mixed-integer hydroelectric power model for short-term generation planning is presented, The advantage of this model is that the schedules only include points with good efficiency. The planning problem is decomposed into a subproblem for each hydroelectric power plant. In order to obtain smooth schedules, the model includes start-up costs for hydro aggregates. The main mathematical methods used in this work are Lagrange relaxation, dynamic programming and network programming. The model is illustrated by a numerical example from a part of the Swedish power system.
A zero-voltage-switching bidirectional battery charger/discharger for the NASA EOS satellite

The design of a pulse-width-modulated (PWM) zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) bidirectional converter is presented. The bidirectional converter employs a buck and boost topology using FET devices for both switches. ZVS is obtained by selecting the power stage inductance so that the switches always turn on when the MOSFET body diode is conducting. A four-module, multiphase topology is employed to significantly reduce the input and output ripple current. Besides obtaining high efficiency and light weight, the converter is also shown to possess excellent small-signal characteristics. It is applied to the design of the battery charger/discharger for the NASA EOS (Earth Observing System) satellite. Both theoretical and experimental results are presented. <<ETX>>
Chromosomally Located fosA7 in Salmonella Isolates From China

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of fosfomycin fosA7 in Salmonella enterica isolates from food animals and retail meat products in China and the impact of fosA7 on bacterial fitness. A total of 360 Salmonella isolates collected from 11 provinces and cities in China were detected for fosA7. All fosA7-positive Salmonella isolates were determined minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and sequenced by Illumina Hiseq. The fosA7 gene of S. Derby isolate HA2-WA5 was knocked out. The full length of fosA7 was cloned into vector pBR322 and then transformed into various hosts. MICs of fosfomycin, growth curves, stability, and fitness of fosA7 were evaluated. The fosA7 gene was identified in S. Derby (ST40, n = 30) and S. Reading (ST1628, n = 5). MICs to fosfomycin of 35 fosA7-positive isolates were 1 to 32 mg/L. All fosA7 were located on chromosomes of Salmonella. The deletion of fosA7 in HA2-WA5 decreased fosfomycin MIC by 16-fold and slightly affected its fitness. The acquisition of plasmid-borne fosA7 enhanced MICs of fosfomycin in Salmonella (1,024-fold) and Escherichia coli (16-fold). The recombinant plasmid pBR322-fosA7 was stable in Salmonella Typhimurium, S. Pullorum, S. Derby, and E. coli, except for Salmonella Enteritidis, and barely affected on the growth of them but significantly increased biological fitness in Salmonella. The spread of specific Salmonella serovars such as S. Derby ST40 will facilitate the dissemination of fosA7. fosA7 can confer high-level fosfomycin resistance and enhance bacterial fitness in Salmonella if transferred on plasmids; thus, it has the potential to be a reservoir of the mobilized fosfomycin resistance gene.
IMPLIKASI REGULASI PASAR MODAL TERHADAP MOTIF MANAJEMEN LABA: PENGUJIAN BERBASIS TEORI PENSINYALAN

This study examines the motives for earnings management following a series of regulation released by the Capital Market Supervisory Agency and Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2004. After the release of SK Bapepam-LK and BEJ, this study predicts that the negative effect of board of commissioners on abnormal accruals is more pronounced and the predictive content of abnormal accruals is stronger than previous periods. Results of the study are summarized as follows. First, the negative effect of the board of commissioners on earnings management is stronger after the isssuance of SK Bapepam-LK and BEJ. Second, the predictive content of abnormal accruals is stronger for periods 2004-2010 than that for 2001-2003. Third, the addition of independent members to become majority in the board of commissioner does not alter the predictive content of accruals. Overall, the results indicate that SK Bapepam-LK and BEJ have successfully increased the monitoring function of board of commissioners. This paper contributes to the current debates in earnings management studies regarding the motivation for earnings management (signaling versus private gain). In addition, the evidence indicates the inconsistent results of previous earnings management studies in Indonesia with respect to the role of independent commissioners stem from the passage of regulation on corporate governance that took place in 2004. Keywords: abnormal accruals, earnings management, predictive content of accruals, signaling theory --- Penelitian ini menguji motif manajemen laba setelah terbitnya serangkaian surat keputusan yang dikeluarkan oleh Badan Pengawas Pasar Modal dan Lembaga Keuangan (Bapepam-LK) dan Bursa Efek Jakarta (BEJ) sepanjang tahun 2004. Pasca regulasi, penelitian ini memprediksi pengaruh negatif independensi dewan komisaris terhadap manajemen laba dan kandungan prediktif akrual abnormal terhadap laba tahun depan lebih kuat dibandingkan periode sebelumnya. Penelitian ini menemukan tiga hal menarik. Pertama, pengaruh negatif dewan komisaris terhadap akrual abnormal absolut lebih kuat setelah SK Bapepam-LK dan BEJ terbit dibandingkan sebelumnya. Kedua, kandungan prediktif akrual abnormal lebih kuat pada periode 2004-2010 dibandingkan 2001-2003. Ketiga, penambahan anggota yang independen ke dalam dewan komisaris tidak memengaruhi kandungan prediktif akrual. Secara keseluruhan, hasil tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa SK Bapepam-LK dan BEJ efektif meningkatkan fungsi pemantauan dewan komisaris, khususnya apabila dilihat dalam perspektif manajemen laba sebagai mekanisme pensinyalan. Di samping itu, hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk menjelaskan inkonsistensi hasil-hasil penelitian manajemen laba terdahulu di Indonesia berkaitan dengan peran dewan komisaris dalam menurunkan manajemen laba. Bukti yang ditemukan dalam studi ini menunjukkan bahwa inkonsistensi hasil studi terdahulu bersumber dari terbitnya regulasi tata kelola perusahaan pada tahun 2004. Kata kunci: akrual abnormal, manajemen laba, kemampuan prediktif akrual, teori pensinyalan
Sliding Mode Backstepping Control of Induction Motor

This work treats the modeling and simulation of non-linear system behavior of an induction motor using backstepping sliding mode control. First, the direct field oriented control IM is derived. Then, a sliding for direct field oriented control is proposed to compensate the uncertainties, which occur in the control.Finally, the study of Backstepping sliding controls strategy of the induction motor drive. Our non linear system is simulated in MATLAB SIMULINK environment, the results obtained illustrate the efficiency of the proposed control with no overshoot, and the rising time is improved with good disturbances rejections comparing with the classical control law.
Enterococcus faecium HDRsEf1 inhibits Lipopolysaccharide‐induced downregulation of zona occludens ‐1 expression via toll‐like receptor 2/4‐mediated c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase/activator protein‐1 signalling pathways

Zona occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) is a key regulatory tight junction protein that plays an important role in maintaining gastrointestinal health. In this study, we investigated the protective effect and regulation mechanism of the probiotic Enterococcus faecium HDRsEf1 on tight junction protein ZO‐1 at the cellular and molecular levels.
Adaptive Feedback Control in Human Reaching Adaptation to Force Fields

Sensorimotor adaptation is a central function of the nervous system, as it allows humans and other animals to flexibly anticipate their interaction with the environment. In the context of human reaching adaptation to force fields, studies have traditionally separated feedforward (FF) and feedback (FB) processes involved in the improvement of behavior. Here, we review computational models of FF adaptation to force fields and discuss them in light of recent evidence highlighting a clear involvement of feedback control. Instead of a model in which FF and FB mechanisms adapt in parallel, we discuss how online adaptation in the feedback control system can explain both trial-by-trial adaptation and improvements in online motor corrections. Importantly, this computational model combines sensorimotor control and short-term adaptation in a single framework, offering novel perspectives for our understanding of human reaching adaptation and control.
Caring Now and Later: Black Boys’ Schooling Experiences of Relational Care

Background/Context: Black boys’ schooling experiences in the United States are an important area of inquiry, given the ways they are systematically repositioned away from schooling success in dominant narratives about their lives. Scholars suggest that Black boys need to be cared for and nurtured in schools. However, few studies have explicitly explored their subjective experience of care. A cumulative understanding of the educational trajectories of Black boys suggests that their early experiences can influence later schooling years. This exploration considers the role of relationships and contexts across two distinct time periods of development in shaping their educational experiences. Purpose/Research Question/Focus of Study: In this study, we use a relational care framework to investigate how Black boys, during preschool and high school, make sense of their experiences of care within the school context. Based on their relationships with teachers, other adults, and peers, care is discussed through three important constructs: tangible care, time-related care, and personal support. The major questions we explore are: (1) In what ways do Black boys feel cared for in school? and (2) How does being cared for matter in their schooling experiences? Participants: This study comprises two groups of Black boys at different developmental stages. The first group comprised 11 Black boys enrolled in the same state-funded preschool program, and the second group of participants consisted of 20 Black boys who graduated from the same all-male, all-Black secondary school. Research Design: This qualitative investigation explored how Black boys (N = 31) make meanings of their school-based relationships. It was conducted across two distinct time periods within two separate studies, one during preschool and one during high school. Findings/Results: We found that Black boys at both stages of development place primacy on care through school-related relationships with teachers, other adults, and peers. The Black boys in this study delineated distinctions in the dimensions of care, source of care, and their perspectives of the care they received from peers and adults in school. Taken together, caring for others and being cared for were critical to the educational experiences and well-being of Black boys in this study. Conclusions/Recommendations: This research contributes to understandings of Black boys’ school-related needs across two distinct developmental periods. As such, it is important for educators to see relational care as a vital tool for educational success of Black boys during the early years and continuously throughout their educational trajectories. Relatedly, educators must seek to incorporate care within the context of a relationship centered on a unique appreciation of each Black boy and his individual care needs, educational aspirations, and possibilities.
Suboptimal resource allocation in changing environments constrains response and growth in bacteria

To respond to fluctuating conditions, microbes typically need to synthesize novel proteins. As this synthesis relies on sufficient biosynthetic precursors, microbes must devise effective response strategies to manage depleting precursors. To better understand these strategies, we investigate the active response of Escherichia coli to changes in nutrient conditions, connecting transient gene expression to growth phenotypes. By synthetically modifying gene expression during changing conditions, we show how the competition by genes for the limited protein synthesis capacity constrains cellular response. Despite this constraint cells substantially express genes that are not required, trapping them in states where precursor levels are low and the genes needed to replenish the precursors are outcompeted. Contrary to common modeling assumptions, our findings highlight that cells do not optimize growth under changing environments but rather exhibit hardwired response strategies that may have evolved to promote fitness in their native environment. The constraint and the suboptimality of the cellular response uncovered provide a conceptual framework relevant for many research applications, from the prediction of evolution to the improvement of gene circuits in biotechnology.
Robust Control Strategy for Reactionless Manoeuvring of a Dual-Arm Space Manipulator

In this paper we present, a robust control strategy for a space robot mounted on a satellite. There are parameter uncertainties in the modeling due to the unknown payload at the end-effector. Thus to deal with such uncertainties, a robust controller is required. This paper illustrates and implements the robust control law on space robots. Specifically, we have considered the dynamics of a dual-arm six-degree of freedom planar space robot, aiming to manoeuver the arm with a reactionless base. The uncertainty in the end-effector mass has been considered while problem formulation using linear quadratic regulation (LQR) method. Hence control input has been designed using a robust control strategy. The analytical outcomes have been verified through numerical simulation.
On the determination of stability bounds of time-delayed dual-rate haptics controllers via model order reduction

Stability analysis of multi-rate controllers that involve time-delayed feedback is complicated due to the high dimensionality of the governing system models. In this paper, we attempt to circumvent this problem in the context of haptics controllers by utilizing the model order reduction framework. We examine the stability of a dual-rate haptics controller that features two closed-loop feedback gains, being rendered at two distinct sampling rates, besides having a time delay of the same magnitude in both the feedback loops. The high dimensionality of this time-delayed dual-rate haptics controller is reduced using a slow-fast modal decomposition method wherein the controller models are decomposed into two parts: one whose dynamics evolve slowly and the other whose dynamics evolve relatively at a fast rate. It is found that the slowly evolving part completely captures the stability properties of the original higher-order models and accordingly can be used for determining the stability bounds of the controller. More specifically, for several empirical values a third order reduced model is found to be sufficient for the purpose of the stability analysis of the time-delayed dual-rate haptics controller.
With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility

Partial least squares (PLS) offers multiple advantages as a composite-based structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. PLS enables scholars to examine the measurement model and structural model simultaneously and often requires fewer assumptions than factor-based SEM techniques. For these reasons and more, PLS offers great power for researchers who wish to use a SEM-based approach to evaluate a research model. However, with the great power of PLS also comes great responsibility. Scholars should determine if PLS is appropriate to use within their context, and scholars should explain their rationale for employing PLS for data analysis. Recognizing the power and responsibility associated with PLS is important since many scholars have called for an abandonment of PLS within the information systems discipline and beyond. We reviewed articles from four premier journals within the information systems field from 2017-2020 that use PLS as an analysis technique. Based on this review, we identify recommendations for scholars seeking to embrace the power and responsibility of using composite-based SEM to analyze research models.
A New and Expanded Phylogenetic Analysis of Hyptidinae (Ocimeae-Lamiaceae)

Abstract Hyptidinae, ca. 400 species, is an important component of Neotropical vegetation formations. Members of the subtribe possess flowers arranged in variously modified bracteolate cymes and nutlets with an expanded areole and all share a unique explosive mechanism of pollen release, except for Asterohyptis. In a recent phylogenetic study, the group had its generic delimitations rearranged with the recognition of 19 genera in the subtribe. Although the previous phylogenetic analysis covered almost all the higher taxa in the subtribe, it lacked a broader sampling at the species level. Here we present a new expanded phylogenetic analysis for the subtribe comprising 153 accessions of Hyptidinae sequenced for the nuclear nrITS, nrETS, and waxy regions and the plastid markers trnL-F, trnS-G, trnD-T, and matK. Our results widely support the previous phylogenetic results with some changes in the support and relationship between genera. It also uncovers the need for a new combination of Eriope machrisae in Hypenia and the phylogenetic position of Hyptis sect. Rhytidea, which was demonstrated to be part of Mesosphaerum. The generic delimitation in Hyptidinae is discussed, and we recommend that further studies with more markers are needed to confirm the monophyly of Hyptidendron and Mesosphaerum, as well as to support taxonomic changes on the infrageneric delimitation within Hyptis s. s.
The Effect of Sibling Size on Children’s Educational Attainment: Evidence From Indonesia

Purpose: This study examines the effect of sibling size on children’s educational attainment in Indonesia. Design/Approach/Methods: To establish causality, it exploits the exogenous variation of sibling size caused by twin birth in families. Findings: Results of instrumental variable (IV) estimation support a traditional wisdom of quantity–quality trade-off, where sibling size is negatively correlated with the completed years of schooling, educational levels, and likelihood of school attendance. Building on this, the subsample analysis reveals that the negative effect is larger for Muslim children, children with less educated mothers, and children belonging to earlier birth cohorts. Originality/Value: These findings provide insights into both population and education policymaking in developing countries.