Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fatty acid composition as biomarkers of freshwater microalgae: analysis of 37 strains of microalgae in 22 genera and in seven classes

The fatty acid (FA) composition of algae is an important determinant of their food quality for consumers, and FAs can also be used as biomarkers for biochemical and energetic pathways in food webs. FA analyses of 7 freshwater algal classes and 37 strains showed clear sim- ilarity within classes and strong differences amongst classes. Class was a dominant factor (66.4%) explaining variation in FA signatures of microalgae. The 7 algal classes comprised 4 separate groups according to their FA profiles: (1) Chlorophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae, (2) Bacillario- phyceae, (3) Cryptophyceae, Chrysophyceae, and Raphidophyceae, and (4) Euglenophyceae. Each group had a characteristic FA composition, although the proportional abundance of individ- ual FAs also differed between species and with environmental conditions. FAs found to be partic- ularly representative for each group (i.e. diagnostic biomarkers) were as follows: 16:4ω3 and 16:3ω3 for Chlorophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae; 16:2ω7, 16:2ω4, 16:3ω4, 16:4ω1, and 18:4ω4 for Bacillariophyceae; 22:5ω6 and 18:4ω3 for Cryptophyceae and Chrysophyceae (Synurales), 16:3ω1 for Chrysophyceae (Ochromonadales), 16:2ω4, 16:3ω4, 16:3ω1, and 20:3ω3 for Raphidophyceae; and 15:4ω2, 20:4ω3, 20:2ω6, 20:3ω6, and 22:4ω6 for Euglenophyceae. FAs thus offer a powerful tool to track different consumer diets in a lacustrine food web. Based on the 20:5ω3 (eicosapen- taenoic acid) and 22:6ω3 (docosahexaenoic acid) content among the investigated freshwater algal classes, Chlorophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae, and Chrysophyceae are of intermediate food quality for zooplankton, and Cryptophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Euglenophyceae, and Raphidophyceae should be excellent resources for zooplankton.
Some New Hermite-Hadamard Type Inequalities Via k-Fractional Integrals Concerning Differentiable Generalized Relative Semi-(r;m,p,q,h1,h2)-Preinvex Mappings

Abstract In this article, we first presented a new identity concerning differentiable mappings defined on m-invex set via k-fractional integrals. By using the notion of generalized relative semi-(r;m,p,q,h1,h2)-preinvexity and the obtained identity as an auxiliary result, some new estimates with respect to Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities via k-fractional integrals are established. It is pointed out that some new special cases can be deduced from main results of the article.
The cosmological constant problem and gravity in the infrared

In this thesis we explore low energy extensions of Einstein's theory of General Relativity (GR). Initially our motivation will be the cosmological constant problem where large radiative corrections due to quantum field theories minimally coupled to the dynamical metric in GR leads to unacceptably large space-time curvatures. We will discuss the cosmological constant problem in detail, paying special attention to how it affects the global structure of a space-time whose dynamics are dictated by GR. With this in mind we will present and discuss recently proposed global modifications of GR which in the semi-classical limit sequester the radiatively unstable loop corrections to the cosmological constant from the space-time curvature. This is achieved by supplementing the local dynamics of GR with highly non-trivial global constraints, and we demonstrate how this can be achieved in a theory which is manifestly local. In this theory we will also consider the effects of an early universe phase transition on the late time dynamics. Away from global modifications of GR we will also consider local modifications which necessarily involve the propagation of new degrees of freedom. We outline the possible screening mechanisms which, since no new gravitational degrees of freedom have been observed in local environments, are an important feature of any local modification of GR. For one of these mechanisms, namely, the Vainshtein mechanism, we will consider the regime of validity of theories which make use of the Vainshtein mechanism and assess suggestions that one can trust these theories beyond the scale we would naively expect them to become strongly coupled. Following this we will move onto the chameleon mechanism, another example of a screening mechanism, and present a high energy extension motivated by the breakdown in the original chameleon theory in the early universe. The interactions of the resulting DBI chameleon theory will be motivated by our discussion of the Vainshtein mechanism.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological health of midwives

Objective. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has changed the therapeutic relationship between women and midwives and these changes have been perceived as stressors. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of these stressors on midwives through an online questionnaire. Materials and Methods. The VRS tool was used, and statistical analysis was performed using Stata. Results. Significant differences were found in the somatization cluster and in subjective stress cluster. Conclusions. The analysis shows that there is a need to implement resilience-enhancing factors such as communication, sharing of distress and the presence of support. Copyright © 2022, EDRA S.p.A. All rights reserved.
Noise-induced tipping in a periodically forced system: the noise-drift balanced regime

We consider a simple periodically-forced 1-D Langevin equation which possesses two stable periodic orbits in the absence of noise. We ask the question: is there a most likely transition path between the stable orbits that would allow us to identify a preferred phase of the periodic forcing for which tipping occurs? The regime where the forcing period is long compared to the adiabatic relaxation time has been well studied. Our work complements this by focusing on the regime where the forcing period is comparable to the relaxation time. We compute optimal paths using the least action method which involves the Onsager-Machlup functional and validate results with Monte Carlo simulations in a regime where noise and drift are balanced. Results for the preferred tipping phase are compared with the deterministic aspects of the problem. We identify parameter regimes where nullclines, associated with the deterministic problem in a 2-D extended phase space, form passageways through which the optimal paths transit. As the nullclines are independent of the relaxation time and the noise strength, this leads to a robust deterministic predictor of a preferred tipping phase for the noise and drift balanced regime.
Stealing to Survive : Crime and Income Shocks in 19 th Century France

Acknowledgements: We wish to thank Andrea Bassanini, Cecilia Garcia -Peñalosa, Tommy Murphy, Tommaso Nannicini and seminar participants at University Bocconi for useful comments and discussions. Charlotte Coutand and Cle ment Malgouyres provided excellent research assistance. We also thank Pierre-Emmanuel Co ralet and Fabien Gaveau who proved crucial in helping us with some of the data. We are grateful to Gilles Postel-Vinay for sharing with us his data on wine and phylloxera and for ins ightful comments and suggestions. The views expressed in the paper are those of the autho rs and do not necessarily reflect those of Banque de France or the Eurosystem. The usual discl aimer applies.
N ° 2011 – 33 Stealing to Survive : Crime and Income Shocks in 19 th Century France

th century France. Economic Society conference in Cambridge for useful comments and discussions. Charlotte Coutand and Clement Malgouyres provided excellent research assistance. We also thank Pierre-Emmanuel Couralet and Fabien Gaveau who proved crucial in helping us with some of the data. We are grateful to Gilles Postel-Vinay for sharing with us his data on wine and phylloxera and for insightful comments and suggestions. The views expressed in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of Banque de France or the Eurosystem. The usual disclaimer applies. Abstract Using local administrative data from 1826 to 1936, we document the evolution of crime rates in 19 th century France and we estimate the impact of a negative income shock on crime. Our identification strategy exploits the phylloxera crisis. Between 1863 and 1890, phylloxera destroyed about 40% of French vineyards. We use the geographical variation in the timing of this shock to identify its impact on property and violent crime rates, as well as minor offences. Our estimates suggest that the phylloxera crisis caused a substantial increase in property crime rates and a significant decrease in violent crimes.
AKTIVITAS MATEMATIKA BERBASIS BUDAYA PADA MASYARAKAT PESISIR DI PASAR IKAN GEBANG KABUPATEN CIREBON

Abstrak : Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan aktivitas etnomatematika pada budaya lokal masyarakat pesisir di pasar ikan Gebang kabupaten Cirebon. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampel dengan pertimbangan tertentu (purposive sampling), adapun sampelnya yaitu 2 tokoh adat, 3 pegawai pasar, 3 tokoh masyarakat, 3 nelayan, dan 2 pedagang ikan. Peneliti menggunakan tiga teknik pengumpulan data yaitu dengan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi dengan menggunakan analisis domain. Adapun untuk memeriksa keabsahan data digunakan triangulasi sumber data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat aktivitas matematika berbasis budaya di pasar ikan Gebang Cirebon. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari aktivitas menghitung, membilang, mengukur dan membuat rancang bangun. Abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe the ethnomatematic activities in the local culture of coastal communities in pasar ikan Gebang Cirebon. This research used qualitative approach. The samples were 2 traditional leaders, 3 market employees, 3 community leaders, 3 fishermen, and 2 fish traders who were choosed by using purposive sampling. The researcher used three data collection techniques, namely observation, interview, and documentation then data were analyzed using domain analysis. Triangulation of data sources was used to check the validity of the data. The results indicated that there were cultural-based mathematical activities in pasar ikan Gebang Cirebon which was showed by the activity of counting, measuring and making design.
Very high‐order accurate finite volume scheme for the convection‐diffusion equation with general boundary conditions on arbitrary curved boundaries

Obtaining very high‐order accurate solutions in curved domains is a challenging task as the accuracy of discretization methods may dramatically reduce without an appropriate treatment of boundary conditions. The classical techniques to preserve the nominal convergence order of accuracy, proposed in the context of finite element and finite volume methods, rely on curved mesh elements, which fit curved boundaries. Such techniques often demand sophisticated meshing algorithms, cumbersome quadrature rules for integration, and complex nonlinear transformations to map the curved mesh elements onto the reference polygonal ones. In this regard, the reconstruction for off‐site data method, proposed in the work of Costa et al, provides very high‐order accurate polynomial reconstructions on arbitrary smooth curved boundaries, enabling integration of the governing equations on polygonal mesh elements, and therefore, avoiding the use of complex integration quadrature rules or nonlinear transformations. The method was introduced for Dirichlet boundary conditions and the present article proposes an extension for general boundary conditions, which represents an important advance for real context applications. A generic framework to compute polynomial reconstructions is also developed based on the least‐squares method, which handles general constraints and further improves the algorithm. The proposed methods are applied to solve the convection‐diffusion equation with a finite volume discretization in unstructured meshes. A comprehensive numerical benchmark test suite is provided to verify and assess the accuracy, convergence orders, robustness, and efficiency, which proves that boundary conditions on arbitrary smooth curved boundaries are properly fulfilled and the nominal very high‐order convergence orders are effectively achieved.
A new ionospheric storm scale based on TEC and foF2 statistics

In this paper, we propose the I‐scale, a new ionospheric storm scale for general users in various regions in the world. With the I‐scale, ionospheric storms can be classified at any season, local time, and location. Since the ionospheric condition largely depends on many factors such as solar irradiance, energy input from the magnetosphere, and lower atmospheric activity, it had been difficult to scale ionospheric storms, which are mainly caused by solar and geomagnetic activities. In this study, statistical analysis was carried out for total electron content (TEC) and F2 layer critical frequency (foF2) in Japan for 18 years from 1997 to 2014. Seasonal, local time, and latitudinal dependences of TEC and foF2 variabilities are excluded by normalizing each percentage variation using their statistical standard deviations. The I‐scale is defined by setting thresholds to the normalized numbers to seven categories: I0, IP1, IP2, IP3, IN1, IN2, and IN3. I0 represents a quiet state, and IP1 (IN1), IP2 (IN2), and IP3 (IN3) represent moderate, strong, and severe positive (negative) storms, respectively. The proposed I‐scale can be used for other locations, such as polar and equatorial regions. It is considered that the proposed I‐scale can be a standardized scale to help the users to assess the impact of space weather on their systems.
Ether and electrons in relativity theory (1900–1911)

This chapter discusses the roles of ether and electrons in relativity theory. One of the most radical moves made by Albert Einstein was to dismiss the ether from electrodynamics. His fellow physicists felt challenged by Einstein’s view, and they came up with a variety of responses, ranging from enthusiastic approval, to dismissive rejection. Among the naysayers were the electron theorists, who were unanimous in their afﬁrmation of the ether, even if they agreed with other aspects of Einstein’s theory of relativity. The eventual success of the latter theory (circa 1911) owed much to Hermann Minkowski’s idea of four-dimensional spacetime, which was portrayed as a conceptual substitute of sorts for the ether.
Effect of Thermal Stratification on the Ekman Layer

Assuming a steady and horizontal flow and thermal stratification in the Ekman layer, it is investigated how the wind structure in the layer is affected by thermal stratification. For this purpose an extrapolated application of the turbulent transfer relations, which hold in the lowest tens meters, to the entire layer is made. The wind and stress vectors and exchange coefficient are calculated numerically as functions of height, thermal stratification and roughness parameter. It is found that the shape of the Ekman spiral is affected by thermal stratification in such a way that the wind component normal to isobar increases generally with increase of stability. It is also found that the magnitude of the stress decreases with increase of stability, that the wind speed in the lower layer decreases with increase of stability, and that the height of the Ekman layer increases with increase of instability. Comparison of the calculated results with observed data is made on the surface values, indicating fairly good agreement. _
Physical and Physiological Characteristics of Elite Indian National Football Players

Physical and Physiological Characteristics of Elite Indian National Football Players The characteristics of professional footballers have been well documented however, research into elite Asian particularly Indian players, remains relatively unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of elite Indian footballers and compare the results according to outfield playing positions.Football is the most popular sport globally and there is a growing interest for this sport in India. However, the Indian national team is currently ranked 147 of 207 according to the Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). This ranking suggests that Indian playing standards need to be improved through a focus on the three key areas of physical, technical and tactical skills, as they have been reported to being related to successful football performance.
Semi-transparent solar cells

Semi-transparent solar cells are a type of technology that combines the benefits of visible light transparency and light-to-electricity conversion. One of the biggest opportunities for such technologies is in their integration as windows and skylights within energy-sustainable buildings. Currently, such building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) are dominated by crystalline silicon based modules; however, the opaque nature of silicon creates a unique opportunity for the adoption of emerging photovoltaic candidates that can be made truly semi-transparent. These include: amorphous silicon-, kesterite-, chalcopyrite-, CdTe-, dye-sensitized-, organic- and perovskite- based systems. For the most part, amorphous silicon has been the workhorse in the semi-transparent solar cell field owing to its established, low-temperature fabrication processes. Excitement around alternative classes, particularly perovskites and the inorganic candidates, has recently arisen because of the major efficiency gains exhibited by these technologies. Importantly, each of these presents unique opportunities and challenges within the context of BIPV. This topic review provides an overview into the broader benefits of semi-transparent solar cells as building-integrated features, as well as providing the current development status into all of the major types of semi-transparent solar cells technologies.
Did sulfate availability facilitate the evolutionary expansion of chlorophyll a + c phytoplankton in the oceans ?

9 10 During the Mesozoic Era, dinoflagellates, coccolithophorids and diatoms became prominent 11 primary producers in the oceans, succeeding an earlier biota in which green algae and 12 cyanobacteria had been proportionally more abundant. This transition occurred during an 13 interval marked by increased sulfate concentration in seawater. To test whether increasing 14 sulfate availability facilitated the evolutionary transition in marine phytoplankton, the 15 cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. , the green alga Tetraselmis suecica, and three algae 16 containing chlorophyll a+c (the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii, the dinoflagellate 17 Protoceratium reticulatum, and the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi) were grown in media 18 containing 1, 5, 10, 20 or 30 mM SO4. The cyanobacterium and the green alga showed no 19 growth response to varying [SO4]. In contrast, the three chlorophyll a+c algae showed 20 improved growth with higher [SO4], but only up to 10 mM. The chlorophyll a+c algae, but not 21 the green alga or cyanobacterium, also showed lower C:S with higher [SO4 In a third experiment, T. suecica, T. weissflogii, P. reticulatum, and Synechococcus sp. 26 were grown in conditions approximating modern, earlier Paleozoic and Proterozoic seawater. In 27 these treatments, sulfate availability, nitrogen source, metal availability and P ]. When the same 22 experiment was repeated in the presence of a ciliate predator (Euplotes sp.), T. suecica and T. 23 weissflogii increased their specific growth rate in most treatments, whereas the growth rate of 24 Synechococcus sp. was not affected or decreased in the presence of grazers. 25 CO2 varied. 28 Monospecific cultures exhibited their highest growth rates in the Proterozoic treatment. In 29 mixed culture, T. weissflogii outgrew other species in modern seawater and T. suecica outgrew 30 the others in Paleozoic water. Synechococcus sp. grew best in Proterozoic seawater, but did not 31 outgrow eukaryotic species in any treatment. Collectively, our results suggest that secular 32 increase in seawater [SO4 35 ] may have facilitated the evolutionary expansion of chlorophyll a+c 33 phytoplankton, but probably not to the exclusion of other biological and environmental factors. 34 36 Corresponding Author: M. Giordano; Tel. : +39 071 220 4652; Email: m.giordano@univpm.it 37 38 39
Demonstration of the Usefulness of Optical Coherence Tomography in Imaging a Mouse Tail Model of Lymphedema

To investigate the usefulness of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for imaging lymphedema, we directly compared it to other histological methods in a mouse model of lymphedema. We performed detailed imaging of the lymphedema lesion on a mouse tail. We imaged the mouse tail in vivo with OCT and created histopathological samples. We constructed a spectrometer-based OCT system using a fiber-optic Michelson interferometer. The light was directed to 50:50 couplers that split the light into reference and sample arms. Backscattered light from a reference mirror and the sample produced an interference fringe. An OCT image of the lymphedema model revealed an inflammatory reaction of the skin that was accompanied by edema, leading to an increase in the light attenuation in the dermal and subcutaneous layers. Similar to OCT image findings, histological biopsy showed an inflammatory response that involved edema, increased neutrophils in epidermis and subdermis, and lymphatic microvascular dilatation. Furthermore, the lymphedema model showed an increase in thickness of the dermis in both diagnostic studies. In the mouse tail model of lymphedema, OCT imaging showed very similar results to other histological examinations. OCT provides a quick and useful diagnostic imaging technique for lymphedema and is a valuable addition or complement to other noninvasive imaging tools.
Wisdom of the crowd: How to get rid of errors and biases at the aggregate level

In many experiments, it has been shown that the wisdom of the crowd can outperform individuals and sometimes even experts. In this thesis, I test two approaches to further improve the performance of four different mathematical aggregation models in forecasting football matches. Two unweighted models, the mean and median, and two weighted models, the Brier Weighted Model (BWM) and the Contribution Weighted Model (CWM). The BWM weighs forecasts of subjects based on individual expertise, while the CWM determines the weighting based on the contribution that a subject makes to the crowd’s expertise. The first approach improves the models by modifying the BWM and CWM. This is done by decreasing the power of past performance for the first 10 events, which reduces the problem of requiring a track record without decreasing the prediction accuracy. The second approach increases the forecasting accuracy of the mean, median and BWM significantly by providing subjects with additional information on what three other subjects estimated. I show that this increase in accuracy is due to subjects having more doubts, which decreases both the bias of estimating too extreme values as well as fans estimating too optimistically for their team. This decrease in biases overweighs the anchoring bias due to the displayed estimates. In addition, a more thorough analysis of the CWM shows that different than stated in Budescu & Chen (2014) the model seems to only partly identify experts based on individual expertise.
A few results on a class of degenerate parabolic equations

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