Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stress Factors and Their Effects on Productivity in Sheep

Simple Summary Stress factors (heat, cold, transport, treatment, nutritional, shearing, and weaning) are stimulants that initiate a stress response and are an inevitable result of today’s livestock practices. Stress factors, together with the changes in biological functions in animals, constitute the cost of stress. The animal’s response to a particular stress factor may vary depending on the animal’s breed, sex, age, and physiological status; the type of stress factor and its duration and density; and interactions between various factors, such as shelter, nutrition, climate, production practices, and the environment. This review aimed to reveal the importance of some stress factors in sheep and their effects on sheep productivity. Abstract Products obtained from sheep have an economically important place in the world. Their adaptability to different climatic conditions, their ease of care and feeding, their high utilization of poor pasture areas with low yield and quality, the ease of flock management, their high twinning rate, and their short intergenerational period are some of the advantages of sheep production. Sheep production has the ability to adapt better to environmental stress factors, as can be understood from the presence of sheep in different geographical regions at a global level. However, the changes in environmental conditions and production cause some negative results in animals. All these negative results expose animals to various stress factors (heat, cold, transport, treatment, nutritional, shearing, weaning, etc.). All stress factors that directly and indirectly affect sheep production ultimately lead to compromised performance, decreased productivity, increased mortality, and adverse effects on the immune system. In order to cope with the current stress parameters in animals and to achieve optimum production, a holistic approach is needed according to the environmental conditions and available resources. It is important to consider the factors involved in these responses in order to manage these processes correctly and to develop adequate strategies and improve sheep welfare. This review aimed to reveal the importance of some stress factors in sheep and their effects on sheep productivity.
Development of Indicator Film Based on Cassava Starch–Chitosan Incorporated with Red Dragon Fruit Peel Anthocyanins–Gambier Catechins to Detect Banana Ripeness

Banana ripeness is generally determined based on physical attributes, such as skin color; however, it is considered subjective because it depends on individual factors and lighting conditions. In addition, improper handling can cause mechanical damage to the fruit. Intelligent packaging in the form of indicator film incorporated with anthocyanins from red dragon fruit peel has been applied for shrimp freshness detection; however, this film has low color stability during storage, necessitating the addition of gambier catechins as a co-pigment to increase anthocyanin stability. Nevertheless, the characteristics of films that contain gambier catechins and their applications to bananas have not been studied yet; therefore, this study aims to develop and characterize indicator films that were incorporated with red dragon fruit peel anthocyanins and gambier catechins to detect banana ripeness. In this study, the indicator films were made via solvent casting. The films were characterized for their structural, mechanical, and physicochemical properties, and then applied to banana packaging. The results show that the film incorporated with anthocyanins and catechins in a ratio of 1:40 (w/w) resulted in better color stability, mechanical properties, light and water vapor barrier ability, and antioxidant activity. The application of the indicator films to banana packaging resulted in a change in color on the third day of storage. It can be concluded that these films could potentially be used as an indicator to monitor banana ripeness.
Evaluation of the Chemical Stability, Membrane Permeability and Antiproliferative Activity of Cyclic Diarylheptanoids from European Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.)

Four cyclic diarylheptanoids—carpinontriols A (1) and B (2), giffonin X (3) and 3,12,17-trihydroxytricyclo [12.3. 1.12,6]nonadeca-1(18),2(19),3,5,14,16-hexaene-8,11-dione (4)—were isolated from Carpinus betulus (Betulaceae). Chemical stability of the isolated diarylheptanoids was evaluated as a function of storage temperature (−15, 5, 22 °C) and time (12 and 23 weeks). The effect of the solvent and the pH (1.2, 6.8, 7.4) on the stability of these diarylheptanoids was also investigated. Compounds 2 and 4 showed good stability both in aqueous and methanolic solutions at all investigated temperatures. Only 2 was stable at all three studied biorelevant pH values. Degradation products of 1 and 3 were formed by the elimination of a water molecule from the parent compounds, as confirmed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-MS). The permeability of the compounds across biological membranes was evaluated by the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA). Compound 3 possesses a logPe value of −5.92 ± 0.04 in the blood–brain barrier-specific PAMPA-BBB study, indicating that it may be able to cross the blood–brain barrier via passive diffusion. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of the compounds was investigated against five human cancer cell lines, confirming that 1 inhibits cell proliferation in A2058 human metastatic melanoma cells.
Hydrology of area 14, Eastern Coal Province, Kentucky

1 r 1.0 Introduction . 2 J 1.1 Objective. 2 1.2 Project area . 4 1.3 Hydrologic problems related to surface coal mining . 6 2.0 General features . 8 2.1 Land forms . 8 2.2 Geology. 10 2.3 Surface drainage . 12 2.4 Land use . 14 2.5 Coal production. 16 2.6 Soils. 18 2.7 Precipitation. 20 3.0 Water use in 1975 . 22 4.0 Hydrologic networks . 24 4.1 Surface water . 24 4.2 Ground water . 26 5.0 Surface water. 28 5.1 Mean daily streamflow . 28 5.2 Low flow. 30 5.3 Flood flows. 32 5.4 Frequency of floods. 34 5.5 Flood-prone areas . 36 5.6 Flow duration. 38 6.0 Quality of surface water . 40 ~* 6.
The agronomic and economic performance of flax in Iowa

Demand for flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) has increased due to the discovered health benefits of adding flaxseed to human diets. A facility in northwest Iowa that processes organic flaxseed for oil provides a viable market for organic growers in the Midwest. Organic growers are particularly concerned about adequate fertility and weed management when adding flax to their crop rotations. Our objective was to evaluate flax response to N rate and source as well as to ambient weed competition when following either soybean or corn in rotation. The particular response variables investigated were seed yield, straw yield, harvest index, oil concentration of flaxseed, and the linoleic acid and linolenic acid concentrations of flaxseed oil. The experiment was conducted in central Iowa in 2007 and 2008, on land previously sown to either soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] or corn (Zea mays L.). Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) was underseeded with flax at time of sowing. Nitrogen was applied as composted swine manure, liquid swine manure, or urea. Each source of N was applied at a rate to supply 30, 60, and 90 lb N acre. A control where no N was applied (0 lb N acre) was also included. Half of each plot was hand-weeded while ambient weed growth was allowed in the other half. Across both years, competition from weeds reduced seed yields by 32% to 96% compared to when weeds were removed. Weed competition reduced straw yield except in 2008 in the field previously sown to corn. In 2007, seed and straw yields increased with N rate, when weeds were removed. Response of seed yield was dependent on N source in the field previously sown to corn but not soybean.
Effect of Moderate-Intense Training and Detraining on Glucose Metabolism, Lipid Profile, and Liver Enzymes in Male Wistar Rats: A Preclinical Randomized Study

Exercise training positively regulates glucose metabolism. This study investigated the impact of training and detraining on glucose metabolism, lipid profiles, and liver enzymes. Twenty-six rats completed an initial 4-week moderate-intense training (T0–T4). Then, the animals were randomly assigned to two groups at the end of week 4: AT4: detraining for 8 weeks; AT8: training for 8 weeks and 4-week detraining. Six animals were sacrificed at T0 and T4, four animals/group at T8, and three/group at T12. The study continued for 12 weeks, and all parameters were assessed at T0, T4, T8, and T12. IPGTT significantly improved after 4 weeks of training (p < 0.01) and was further reduced in AT8 at T8. In AT8, 8-week training significantly reduced total cholesterol at T4 and T12 vs. T0 (p < 0.05), LDL at T4, T8, and T12 vs. T0 (p < 0.01), ALP at T8, T12 vs. T0 (p < 0.01), and increased HDL at T8 and ALT at T8 and T12 vs. T0 (p < 0.05). Triglycerides and hexokinase activity increased significantly at T4 and T8 (p < 0.05) and then decreased at T12 in AT8. Pyruvate and glycogen increased at T12 in AT8 vs. AT4. Eight-week training improved LPL and ATGL expressions. Training positively modulated insulin, glucose metabolism, and lipid profiles, but detraining reduced the benefits associated with the initial training.
Facial Soft Tissue Characteristics Among Sagittal and Vertical Skeletal Patterns: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study

Background Facial esthetics depend on the skeletal and dental structures underlying variable facial soft tissue thickness. In this social context, determining the relationship between external soft tissue and underlying skeletal and dental hard tissue is essential for detailed orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Objective This study aims to measure facial soft tissue thickness in different sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns. Methodology This is an observational study utilizing pre-existing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 170 subjects (110 females and 60 males) with a mean age group of 37.45 ± 13.83 years. CBCT images were then classified sagittally based on the point A-Nasion-point B (ANB) angle from Steiner's analysis into skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III. Furthermore, vertical patterns were grouped based on the Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA) from Tweed's analysis into hyperdivergent, hypodivergent, and normodivergent facial types. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the means of facial soft tissue thickness between the skeletal groups, followed by Tukey's post-hoc test for individual comparison. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to test the association between gender, age, and skeletal groups. The significance level was 0.05. Results One-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in both sagittal and vertical groups (p≤0.05). Tukey's post hoc analysis showed that the skeletal Class III group has increased soft tissue thickness in the subnasale, upper lip, and mention compared to Class I and Class II subjects. Moreover, the hypodivergent group demonstrated increased soft tissue thickness in gnathion and mentioned landmarks in relation to the other groups. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed significant differences between groups according to both gender and sagittal skeleton patterns (p≤0.05), with males less likely to be in Class II. Conclusions Skeletal Class III and hypodivergent groups have thicker soft tissue in specific facial landmarks. Sexual dimorphism was marked in soft tissue measurements.
Repeated measures ANOVA and adjusted F-tests when sphericity is violated: which procedure is best?

Introduction One-way repeated measures ANOVA requires sphericity. Research indicates that violation of this assumption has an important impact on Type I error. Although more advanced alternative procedures exist, most classical texts recommend the use of adjusted F-tests, which are frequently employed because they are intuitive, easy to apply, and available in most statistical software. Adjusted F-tests differ in the procedure used to estimate the corrective factor ε, the most common being the Greenhouse-Geisser (F-GG) and Huynh-Feldt (F-HF) adjustments. Although numerous studies have analyzed the robustness of these procedures, the results are inconsistent, thus highlighting the need for further research. Methods The aim of this simulation study was to analyze the performance of the F-statistic, F-GG, and F-HF in terms of Type I error and power in one-way designs with normal data under a variety of conditions that may be encountered in real research practice. Values of ε were fixed according to the Greenhouse–Geisser procedure (ε^). We manipulated the number of repeated measures (3, 4, and 6) and sample size (from 10 to 300), with ε^ values ranging from the lower to its upper limit. Results Overall, the results showed that the F-statistic becomes more liberal as sphericity violation increases, whereas both F-HF and F-GG control Type I error; of the two, F-GG is more conservative, especially with large values of ε^ and small samples. Discussion If different statistical conclusions follow from application of the two tests, we recommend using F-GG for ε^ values below 0.60, and F-HF for ε^ values equal to or above 0.60.
Application of Machine Learning in Material Synthesis and Property Prediction

Material innovation plays a very important role in technological progress and industrial development. Traditional experimental exploration and numerical simulation often require considerable time and resources. A new approach is urgently needed to accelerate the discovery and exploration of new materials. Machine learning can greatly reduce computational costs, shorten the development cycle, and improve computational accuracy. It has become one of the most promising research approaches in the process of novel material screening and material property prediction. In recent years, machine learning has been widely used in many fields of research, such as superconductivity, thermoelectrics, photovoltaics, catalysis, and high-entropy alloys. In this review, the basic principles of machine learning are briefly outlined. Several commonly used algorithms in machine learning models and their primary applications are then introduced. The research progress of machine learning in predicting material properties and guiding material synthesis is discussed. Finally, a future outlook on machine learning in the materials science field is presented.
Incidence of wound dehiscence after keratoplasty: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Background The comprehensive investigation of the association between keratoplasty and wound dehiscence remains limited, despite corneal disease being a leading cause of visual impairment. Methods A meticulous search strategy was executed across prominent databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase. Data relevant to our research objective were extracted from eligible studies. The methodological quality of each study was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool, while statistical analysis was conducted utilizing STATA 17.0. To evaluate potential publication bias, the Funnel plot and Egger’s test were employed. Results A total of 11 articles were deemed suitable for inclusion in our analysis. Our findings indicate that the overall incidence of wound dehiscence following keratoplasty was estimated to be 1.9% (95% CI: 0.013, 0.026), although substantial heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 72.798%). Notably, developed countries exhibited a higher incidence of wound dehiscence compared to their developing counterparts. Furthermore, the occurrence of wound dehiscence was found to be lower in deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) procedures when compared to penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Analysis utilizing Egger’s linear regression method yielded no evidence of publication bias (p = 0.91). Moreover, within the first year post-keratoplasty, approximately 31.4% of patients experienced wound dehiscence (95% CI: 0.149, 0.503), and 43.1% exhibited a decline in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (95% CI, 0.341, 0.522). Conclusion The results of our study unveiled the occurrence rate of wound dehiscence following keratoplasty, exhibiting variations based on economic level and the specific surgical procedure employed. Furthermore, onset time of wound dehiscence and visual acuity warrant consideration.
How does exogenous alerting impact endogenous preparation on a temporal cueing task

ABSTRACT Temporal attention is a cognitive mechanism that allows individuals to prepare to respond to an anticipated event. Lawrence, M. A. , & Klein, R. M. (2013. Isolating exogenous and endogenous modes of temporal attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 142(2), 560–572. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029023) distinguished two forms of temporal attention: one elicited by purely endogenous alerting mechanisms and one elicited through exogenous alerting mechanisms. Recently, McCormick, C. R. , Redden, R. S. , Lawrence, M. A. , & Klein, R. M. (2018. The independence of endogenous and exogenous temporal attention. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 80(8), 1885–1891. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-018-1575-y) found that these mechanisms generate additive effects on reaction time, however more informative speed and accuracy comparisons were not possible due to the effects being measured in a simple detection task. The current pair of experiments aims to compare two forms of temporal attention in a discrimination task while measuring both speed and accuracy by inducing methodological modifications that lower task demands. These manipulations were successful, as temporal cueing effects were observed for both the combined form and the less-studied purely endogenous form. However, speed-accuracy performance for these two forms of temporal attention did not align with our predictions based on prior work.
Participation of nurses in research development

Background Nurses’ experience in participation in research has been very diverse and culturally dependent. A shifting environment that appreciates and supports research growth necessitates studying who is involved in research and how and assessing present individual and organisational research capabilities. Aim This study aimed to ascertain the existing research capacity among nurses in a large public hospital in Ijebu Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria, to inform the development of a programme towards building a sustainable research culture. Setting A public hospital at Ijebu Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods A qualitative research design was utilised. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 21 nurses from the general hospital. The data were then analysed thematically. Results Participants highlighted the need for more nurses to be engaged in research development, research development problems and recommended solutions. The critical requirement was that research has a direct impact on clinical practice. Conclusion The results from this study show that research development allows nurses to participate in research relevant to their practice and objectives. More focus should be placed on developing and implementing context-specific nursing research agendas and implementation research skills. Contribution The overall implications or benefits to the practice (as an example) with reference to the expanded nurses’ clinical knowledge in participating in research and expand nurses’ clinical knowledge in participating in research.
CD44 Expression in Oral Lichen Planus and Related Lesions—An Immunohistochemical Study

Background: Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) is a cell surface adhesion protein involved in the progression and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The current study aims to evaluate the expression of CD44 in oral lichen planus and related lesions and thereby assess the relative risk of malignant transformation of these lesions. Materials and Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of 10 oral lichen planus (Group 1), 10 oral lichenoid lesions (Group 2), 8 with oral lichen planus with dysplasia (Group 3), and 5 with lichenoid dysplasia (Group 4) were included in the study. Immunostaining was done for the tissue sections using CD44 mouse monoclonal antibody. Staining density, staining intensity, and immunoreactive scores of CD44 were evaluated in all four groups. Statistical analysis was done by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences® software and the Kruskal–Wallis test was used. Results: CD44 staining pattern of lichenoid dysplasia and lichen planus with dysplasia changed from membranous to cytoplasmic. The membranous CD44 immunoreactivity was mild with a score of 2.25 for Group 3 and 1.6 for Group 4 whereas moderate for other groups with a P-value of 0.009. The cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was significantly high in Group 3 (5.3 ± 2.6) followed by Group 4 (3.2 ± 1.2), Group 2 (1 ± 1.8), and Group 1 (0.7 ± 1.3) with a P-value of 0.001. Conclusion: The CD44 membranous immunoreactivity scores were low while the cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was high in oral lichen planus with dysplasia and oral lichenoid dysplasia when compared to oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions. CD44 immunostaining pattern can help in assessing the malignant transformation of oral lichen planus or lichenoid lesions.
The Gender Gap in Animal Experimentation Support: The Mediating Roles of Empathy and Speciesism

ABSTRACT There is a large gender gap in support for animal experimentation, with men endorsing this practice more than women. However, little is known about the psychological factors associated with these differences. Drawing on a large and gender-balanced sample (nwomen = 551, nmen = 454), we conducted a cross-sectional survey to examine whether gender differences in empathy, social dominance orientation (SDO), and speciesism mediate gender differences in attitudes toward animal experimentation. Our results indicate that gender differences in empathy and speciesism mediate the link between gender and support for animal experimentation, but SDO does not. An integrative model also confirmed the role of gender differences in dispositional empathy related directly to speciesist attitudes, which as a result were related to attitudes toward animal testing. This research brings new insights into gender differences in the acceptance of animal experimentation and may explain why women are more likely than men to be opposed to this practice.