Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of lactulose on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, hematology, fecal microbial shedding and fecal noxious gas emission in the growing-finishing pigs

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of lactulose on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, fecal microbial shedding and fecal noxious gas emission in the growing- finishing pigs. Pigs (80) with the average BW of 20.82 (SD = 3.27 kg) and age of 10 weeks were allotted to 4 dietary treatments with 4 replicate pens / treatment and 5 pigs (3 gilts and 2 borrows) / pen. Dietary treatments included: CON, basal diet; L05, CON + 0.05% lactulose; L10, CON + 0.10% lactulose; L15, CON + 0.15% lactulose. Pigs fed L10 and L15 diets had greater average daily gain (ADG) throughout the overall period when compared with CON diet. The N and DM digestibility were greater for L10 and L15 treatments than CON treatment at wk12 and 18, respectively. Pigs on L15 supplementation treatment had increased lymphocytes and IgG than CON treatment at 12 wk. WBC and RBC counts were improved in L15 treatment at the end of study. Pigs fed with L10 and L15 diets increased fecal Lactobacillus and reduced E. coli count compared with CON diet. Fecal NH3 gas emission was lower in the lactulose supplemented treatments compared with CON treatment on d 3 and 5, respectively. Moreover, fecal H2S was reduced in L10 and L15 diets compared with CON diet on d 5. In conclusion, L10 and L15 supplementation improved growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters and fecal Lactobacillus count but reduced fecal E. coli, NH3 and H2S gas emission in growing-finishing pigs.
Effects of phytase and DCP supplementation on performance, egg quality, some serum, tibia and excreta characteristics of barley based protein deficient quail diets.

This research was conducted to determine the effects of phytase or dicalcium phosphate (DCP) supplementation on performance, egg quality, serum total protein (TP), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) level, tibia ash, Ca and P concentration, excreta ash, Ca and P level of barley based protein deficient quail diets. A total of 270, 10 wk old quails were used. Diets were insufficient in available P and had a different crude protein (CP) level (16, 18, 20%). It was made phytase or DCP supplementation on each protein level. At the end of the study, quails had similar body weight, body weight change and feed conversion ratio although feed consumption was affected by the CP level (P<0.05). Egg weight was heaviest in 18, 20% CP level (P<0.05). Albumen index, Haugh Unit, serum TP and excreta P level (P<0.05) were affected by CP percentages of the diet. Phytase increased the serum P concentration (P<0.05). P excretion was lowest in control and phytase groups by 38% (P<0.01). As a result, the CP level of quail diets shouldn’t be lower than 18% and DCP didn’t cause any improvement of the research criteria in the layer period. Phytase can be used in this period if it is economical.
RikiNet: Reading Wikipedia Pages for Natural Question Answering

Reading long documents to answer open-domain questions remains challenging in natural language understanding. In this paper, we introduce a new model, called RikiNet, which reads Wikipedia pages for natural question answering. RikiNet contains a dynamic paragraph dual-attention reader and a multi-level cascaded answer predictor. The reader dynamically represents the document and question by utilizing a set of complementary attention mechanisms. The representations are then fed into the predictor to obtain the span of the short answer, the paragraph of the long answer, and the answer type in a cascaded manner. On the Natural Questions (NQ) dataset, a single RikiNet achieves 74.3 F1 and 57.9 F1 on long-answer and short-answer tasks. To our best knowledge, it is the first single model that outperforms the single human performance. Furthermore, an ensemble RikiNet obtains 76.1 F1 and 61.3 F1 on long-answer and short-answer tasks, achieving the best performance on the official NQ leaderboard.
Elementary Preservice Teachers' Thinking about Student Learning in a Lesson Study Context

Building on the epistemological foundations of constructivism (Creswell, 2014) and qualitative research methodologies, a FADE framework (Reinking & Bradley, 2008) and a case study approach (Merriam, 2002) were selected to develop an understanding of preservice teachers’ thinking about student learning during their planning, teaching, and reflection through the lesson study (Lewis, 2009) process. Through qualitative methodology, the triangulation of data occurred using qualitative data sources: (a) pre and post interviews, (b) participatory field notes, (c) research lesson plans, (d) debriefing interviews, (e) field notes created by the preservice teachers. Each data source was analyzed individually and then compared across the case providing a deeper understanding of how preservice teachers think about student learning in the context of lesson study including how: (a) preservice teacher grew their thinking about student learning, (b) preservice teachers were better able to observe and look for evidence of thinking about students’ learning, (c) the lesson study process allowed them to work as a team, (d) they associated lesson study with being a positive learning experience. This research provides additional insight into how teacher preparation programs can strengthen preservice teachers learning in classrooms through lesson study (Darling-Hammond, 2009; Lewis, 2009; Lewis et al., 2012). It also provides opportunities for further research on connecting planning, reflection, and teaching practices as well as, how to build connections between mentor teachers, preservice teachers, and teacher preparation programs (Parks, 2009). Elementary Preservice Teachers’ Thinking about Student Learning in a Lesson Study Context
DETERMINATION OF THE MINIMUM INTEGRAL ENTROPY, WATER SORPTION AND GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE TO ESTABLISHING CRITICAL STORAGE CONDITIONS OF BEETROOT JUICE MICROCAPSULES BY SPRAY DRYING

The aim of this work was to microencapsulate beetroot juice (BJ) (Beta vulgaris L.) by spray-drying using as protective colloid gum Arabic. The adsorption isotherms of the microcapsules and the minimum integral entropy (S int)T were determined at 25, 35 and 40C. The glass transition temperature ( Tg ) was measured by dierential scanning calorimetry and modeled by GordonTaylor equation. The water contents-water activity (M-aW ) sets obtained from (S int)T , and critical water content (CWC) and critical water activity (CWA) from the Tg were similar, being in the range of water content of 5.11-7.5 kg H2O/100 kg d.s. and in the water activity range of 0.532-0.590. These critical storage conditions were considered as the best conditions for increase the stability of the microcapsules, where the percentage of retention Betanin in the microcapsules was higher compared with other storage conditions in the temperature and aw range studied.
Effects of lead polluted water on activities of superoxide dismutase,peroxidase and ultrastructure in leaves of Trapa bicornis seedlings

To investigate the lead toxicity on water caltrop(Trapa bicornis Osbeck),activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD),ultrastructure in leaves of seedlings,treated with different concentration of lead solution,were analyzed.The SOD activity was initially stimulated and then inhibited with increasing lead concentration.Under high lead concentration(15 mg/L and 20 mg/L),POD activity presented the same tendency as that in SOD analysis,but it increased continually in lower series of lead concentration(5mg/L and 10 mg/L). Ultrastructural damage in the leaf cells,treated with 20 mg/L lead,was observed under transmission electron microscopy.Moreover,the total DNA extracted from these lead-treated leaves showed a remarkable smear by agarose gel electrophoresis,indicating that the cell death was distinct from the so-called programmed cell death(PCD) characterized by a DNA ladder.Based on these results,lead stress exert its toxicity on the seedlings through multiple cross pathways,including inhibition of physiological and biochemical function,damage of celluar structures at molecule and organelle levels.
Water quality changes and winter mortality of major carps (Cyprinus carpio communis and Cyprinus carpio specularis) in Mansar Lake (a Ramsar Site), Jammu, J&K, India

Lake Mansar, a subtropical and warm monomictic Ramsar wetland, is an important flyway for various winter migratory birds. During the present study, winter mortality of exotic carps weighing about 50gm to 2kg was observed in the lake during late December 2015 to early February 2016. Mortality was observed more in January as hundreds of small and few large dead fishes weighing >1.5kg were seen on different sites of the lakes during our visits to the lake. Among these, mortality percentage of Cyprinus carpio communis and Cyprinus carpio specularis was about 90% and 10%, respectively. Water quality analysis revealed low dissolved oxygen and high free CO2and BOD content in the lake water. Several field visits carried out over a period of several weeks, prior to, during, and after mortality, have led us to the conclusion that stress resulted from depletion of dissolved oxygen and increased free CO2 and was the main cause of sudden fish mortality. Although some fish kill in subtropical lakes during winters is a natural phenomenon but mass fish kills indicate some type of environmental stress and are ecologically unacceptable. As Mansar is a famous tourist destination in J&K, such mass fish kills pose serious threat to the economy of the State and affect the health of the inhabitants who rely on the lake for meeting their water requirements. Comparison of water quality data of winter months(December to February)of three years viz. year before (2014-15), during (2015-16) and after (2016-17) mass fish kill has shown lowest DO and highest free CO2record during the year of fish kill (2015-16) which further supports the present findings. The study proposes installation of aerators at different locations to aerate the lake water in order to prevent winter kills in future.
Genomic and functional characterization of G protein-coupled receptors in the human pathogen Schistosoma mansoni and model planarian Schmidtea mediterranea

Background: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute one of the largest groupings of eukaryotic proteins, and represent a particularly lucrative set of pharmaceutical targets. They play an important role in eukaryotic signal transduction and physiology, mediating cellular responses to a diverse range of extracellular stimuli. The phylum Platyhelminthes is of considerable medical and biological importance, housing major pathogens as well as established model organisms. The recent availability of genomic data for the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni and the model planarian Schmidtea mediterranea paves the way for the first comprehensive effort to identify and analyze GPCRs in this important phylum. Results: Application of a novel transmembrane-oriented approach to receptor mining led to the discovery of 116 S. mansoni GPCRs, representing all of the major families; 104 Rhodopsin, 2 Glutamate, 3 Adhesion, 2 Secretin and 5 Frizzled. Similarly, 291 Rhodopsin, 9 Glutamate, 21 Adhesion, 1 Secretin and 11 Frizzled S. mediterranea receptors were identified. Among Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA Biomolecular Processes, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast UK ∗Corresponding Authors. Emails: mostafaz@iastate.edu, day@iastate.edu
The Regulation of Glycogen Metaabolism

Inhibitor-1 is a protein which inhibits phosphorylase phosphatase only when it has been phosphorvlated by cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase [Huang, F. L. and Glinsmann. W. H. (1976) Eur. J. Biochem. 70, 419–426]. Inhibitor-1 was purified by a heat treatment at 90°C, precipitation with ammonium sulphate, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, and finally recromatography of the phosp0horylated protein on DEAE-cellulose. The protein was purified 4000-fold and 1.5 mg per 1000 g muscle was obtained in seveven days corresponding to an overall yield of 15–20%. The purified protein was in a state approaching homogeneity as judged by the criteria of polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugal analysis. The concentration of inhibitor-1 in vivo was calculated to be 1.5 μMM, which is at least as high as the concentrationof phosphorylase phosphatase. The amino acid composition of inhibitor-1 showed several unusual features. Glutamic acid and proline accounted for nearly one third of the residues, tyrosine, tryptophan and cysteine were absent, and the content of aromatic amino acids was very low. The molecular weight measured by sedimentation equilibraium centrifugation was 19 200 and by amino acid analysis was 20 800. These values were lower than the mol. wt of 26000 determined empirically by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate, and much lower than the apparent molecular weitht of 60000 estimated by filtraation on Sephadex G-100. The gel filtration behaviour, stability to heating at 100°C and amino acid composition suggest than inhibitor-1 may possess little ordered structure. The phosphorylated form of inhibitor-1contained close to one molecule of covalently bound phosphate per mole of protein, which is consistent with previous finding of a unique decapeptide sequence at the site of phosphorylation, Ile-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Pro-Thr(p-Pro-Ala-Thr-[Cohen, P., Rylatt, D. B. and Nimmo, G. A. (1977) FEEBS Lett. 76, 182–186]. The phosphorylated form of inhibitor-1 inhibited phosphorylase activity (0.02 U) by 50% at a concentration of only 7.0 nM in the standard assay, but the phosphorylated decapeptide was 1000–2000 times less effective as an inhibitor.
Prevalence and analysis of abnormal Pap smear: Prospective study of 752 patients in a tertiary care hospital of South India

Background: Cancer of the cervix is the third most common cancer in women. In India and other developing countries cervical cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Cancer cervix is readily preventable, and can be diagnosed at the pre-invasive stage with adequate and repetitive cytological screening with Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. Most women never undergo a cervical Pap smear screening. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of abnormal cervical epithelial lesions. Materials and MethodsThis was a prospective study of 752 conventional cervical Pap smears reported from the Department of Pathology and gyaenecology, KIMS Medical College Narketpally. The time period was from Jan 2018 to June 2018. The abnormal Pap smears were assessed according to the Bethesda system 2001. Results: A total of 752 Pap smears were collected from patients aging 18 to 74 years old. The cervical smears were classified according to the Bethesda system: 377 (50.13%) were negative, 313 (41.62%) were benign cellular changes and 19 (2.52%) were abnormal (squamous intraepithelial lesion) (SIL), 43 (5.71%) were inadequate. Amongst the abnormal smear, percentage of ASCUS (36.8%) (7 out of 19 smears), LSIL (52.6%) (10 out of 19 smears) were more common and incidence of the cervical cancer among these samples was (0.13%) (1 out of 752). Conclusion: Preinvasive and malignant lesions of cervix can be easily picked up with simple pap smear test. The Epithelial cell abnormality was found in 2.52% in our set up.
Phylogeny of the Family Scytosiphonaceae (Phaeophyta) from Korea based on Sequences of Plastid-encoded RuBisCo Spacer Region

The scytosiphonacean brown algae are simple in morphology but complex in life histories. Although the system atics of these taxa has been the focus of recent study, many details remain unresolved. To understand the phylogenetic relationships among these algae, we sequenced the plastid-encoded RuBisCo spacer including the 3'-terminus of rbcL and 5'-terminus of rbcS gene in 22 samples of the family Scytosiphonaceae including Colpomenia bullosa (two locations), C. peregrina (two locations), C. sinuosa, Hydroclathrus clathratus, Petalonia binghamiae (four locations), P. fascia (seven locations), Scytosiphon dotyi, S. gracilis, S. lomentaria (two locations), and Adenocystis utricularis as an outgroup. Of the 506 nucleotide positions used in the data analyses, 128 sites (25.3%) were variable and 81 sites (16.0%) were phylogenetically informative. All the data analyses showed that the scytosiphonacean algae were comprised of two groups; one included Petalonia, Scytosiphon and Colpomenia bullosa, and the other included Colpomenia sinuosa and Hydroclathrus clathratus. Colpomenia peregrina was basal to other scytosiphonacean representatives. There was no evidence for the monophyly of Colpomenia and Scytosiphon, repectively.
Nutritive profiles in different size groups and body parts of common whelk Hemifuses pugilinus (born, 1778) from Pazhayar, southeast coast of India.

The aim of this study was to determine instead of levels of protein, fat, carbohydrates (proximate composition) and essential fatty acids of different body parts as well as male and female of extensive marine whelk H. pugilinus on dry weight basis. There was a significant difference in protein, lipid, carbohydrate and water contents between various size groups as well as sex (P<0.05). Total protein content was found to be varying from 30.58±0.75 (digestive diverticula) to 57.23±1.48% (Gonads) in size group II of the female body parts respectively, the carbohydrate 3.66±0.28 to 10.35±0.14 whereas the lipid 10.18±0.04 to 14.67±0.35. The water content varied from 58±1.41 minimum digestive diverticula and maximum in 85±1.41 other body tissues. There was considerably 17 fatty acid composition were identified belongs to ten in saturated fatty acids four were monounsaturated fatty acid and 3 were polyunsaturated fatty acid among these, C16:0 (22.62%) and C18:0 (14.45%) were the major components saturated fatty acids and C18: 1 (5.3%) and C20:4n6 (8.66%) were found major mono and poly unsaturated fatty acids. All groups have good source of the nutritive value particularly the size group II (80-100 mm) is effectual results for the present findings and it’s symptomatic of their high nutritional quality for human consumption.
Chromosome Model reveals Dynamic Redistribution of DNA Damage into Nuclear Sub-domains

Several proteins involved in the response to DNA double strand breaks (DSB) form microscopically visible nuclear domains, or foci, after exposure to ionizing radiation. Radiation-induced foci (RIF) are believed to be located where DNA damage is induced. To test this assumption, we analyzed the spatial distribution of 53BP1, phosphorylated ATM and gammaH2AX RIF in cells irradiated with high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. Since energy is randomly deposited along high-LET particle paths, RIF along these paths should also be randomly distributed. The probability to induce DSB can be derived from DNA fragment data measured experimentally by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. We used this probability in Monte Carlo simulations to predict DSB locations in synthetic nuclei geometrically described by a complete set of human chromosomes, taking into account microscope optics from real experiments. As expected, simulations produced DNA-weighted random (Poisson) distributions. In contrast, the distributions of RIF obtained as early as 5 min after exposure to high LET (1 GeV/amu Fe) were non-random. This deviation from the expected DNA-weighted random pattern can be further characterized by relative DNA image measurements. This novel imaging approach shows that RIF were located preferentially at the interface between high and low DNA density regions, and were more frequent in regions with lower density DNA than predicted. This deviation from random behavior was more pronounced within the first 5 min following irradiation for phosphorylated ATM RIF, while gammaH2AX and 53BP1 RIF showed very pronounced deviation up to 30 min after exposure. These data suggest the existence of repair centers in mammalian epithelial cells. These centers would be nuclear sub-domains where DNA lesions would be collected for more efficient repair.
Magnetic Fields in the Relativistic Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei

Abstract An abundance of information about the magnetic (B) fields of relativistic AGN jets has been obtained through radio polarization observations made on a wide range of scales, from the parsec scales probed by Very Long Baseline Interferometry to the kiloparsec scales probed by instruments such as the the Jansky Very Large Array and e-MERLIN. The observed radio emission is synchrotron radiation, for which the linear polarization angles in optically thin regions is orthogonal to the local synchrotron B fields. The characteristic B field structures observed for these jets on parsec scales are described. A key question is whether B field structures observed in particular AGN jets come about primarily due to “global” effects such as the intrinsic B field of the jet itself, which is expected to be helical, or local phenomena such as shocks, shear and bending of the jets. Observational criteria that can be used to try to distinguish between various possible origins for observed B field structures are described. There is now considerable evidence that the relativistic jets of AGNs do indeed carry helical B fields, with the observed polarization also sometimes appreciably influenced by local effects. Patterns seen in the helical B field components, indicated for example by Faraday rotation observations, provide unique information about the processes involved in the generation of these helical B fields. The collected observations on parsec and kiloparsec scales provide weighty evidence that an important role is played by the action of a cosmic “battery” that acts to generate an inward current along the jet axis and an outward current in a more extended region surrounding the jet.
The lux gene of the luminous bacterial symbiont, Photobacterium leiognathi, of the ponyfish

The lux genes required for light expression in the luminescent bacterium Photobacterium leiognathi (ATCC 25521) have been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and their organization and nucleotide sequence determined. Transformation of a recombinant 9.5-kbp chromosomal DNA fragment of P. leiognathi into an E. coli mutant (43R) gave luminescent colonies that were as bright as those of the parental strain. Moreover, expression of the lux genes in the mutant E. coli was strong enough so that not only were high levels of luciferase detected in crude extracts, but the fatty-acid reductase activity responsible for synthesis of the aldehyde substrate for the luminescent reaction could readily be measured. Determination of the 7.3-kbp nucleotide sequence of P. leiognathi DNA, including the genes for luciferase (IuxAB) and fatty-acid reductase (luxCDE) as well as a new lux gene (luxG) found recently in luminescent Vibrio species, showed that the order of the lux genes was 1uxCDABEG. Moreover, luxF, a gene homologous to luxB and located between luxB and luxE in Photobacterium but not Vibrio strains, was absent. In spite of this different lux gene organization, an intergenic stem-loop structure between luxB and IuxE was discovered to be highly conserved in other Photobacterium species after LuxF. The luminescence reaction catalyzed by luciferase involves oxidation of FMNHz and a long-chain fatty aldehyde. In all cases investigated, IuxA and luxB genes coding for the luciferase subunits (a and p), and luxCDE genes coding for the reductase, transferase and synthetase subunits of a fatty-acid reductase complex responsible for synthesizing the aldehyde substrate for the luminescent reaction, have been detected However, differences do exist in lux gene organization,