Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are spontaneous earthquakes stationary in California ? 1

3 Aftershocks and some main shocks are triggered, with timing controlled by preceding 4 events. The remaining spontaneous earthquakes presumably respond to tectonic 5 stresses. We consider whether triggered events can be reliably identified, whether the 6 rest are stationary, and whether external phenomena control them. To all three 7 questions, some studies of earthquake physics and hazard assume answers. Many 8 suggest that stress changes from large distant earthquakes can alter the local 9 spontaneous earthquake rate. We demonstrate significant differences in the apparent 10 earthquake rate after declustering by different methods and present criteria for 11 assessing the influence of such distant events. The estimated spontaneous earthquake 12 rate depends on both the lower magnitude threshold of included events, whether 13 spontaneity is treated in binary or probabilistic form, as well as assumptions about 14 catalog completeness. Different statistical tests give different answers to the question 15 of stationarity. We examine a reported rate change in southern California and the 16 suggestion that it might have resulted from the 1960 Chile and 1964 Alaska 17 earthquakes. The rate change itself is questionable. If it has occurred, it was probably 18 not caused by those distant events because the rate change is not present in northern 19 California or in all parts of southern California. 20
Influencers as a segment of digital marketing communication: Generation Y attitudes

The aim of the research presented in this paper is to provide insights into marketing communication changes induced by digital transformation and social media use. Contemporary marketing communication strategies are observed in the context of dominant information sources shift, as well as demographic trends that have placed Generation Yin marketing theorists' and practitioners' focus of interest. This paper examines the role and significance of prominent social media users - influencers in creating contemporary marketing communication. Considering the fact that modern customers are characterized by a high degree of digital sophistication, the research in this paper focused on the prominence of social media as main sources of information sharing. This paper presents the results of an empirical research which aim was to examine the attitudes of Generation Y members in Serbia regarding influencer marketing. The contribution of this paper is reflected in the critical analysis of obtained results, thus increasing the corpus of relevant knowledge.
Evaluation of the Media Usage Status and Mental Sta us of Women

Aim: This study was aimed to examine the media use stat us and mental status of women and their relationshi p with each other. Material and Method: This study was made as sectional on the date betwe en 01.01. 2016-01.12. 2016. The research’s universe consists of women ages ranged f rom 15 to 49 years that apply to the five different Family Health Center in Erzurum province in Turkey. The al l population was taken by sampling and the research was completed with 747 women. The personal questionnair e form, which was formed after searching the litera ture by the authors and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)12 and were used collecting tool. Results: It was occurred women scored average 1.87±2.39 fro m GHQ-12 and the %41.6 of women took ≥2 points that means their mental health is risky. It has been determined that situations such as low inc ome, living in fragmented families, not following the news, and no t keeping up to current events adequately affect wo men's mental health (p<0.05). Some approaches should be made to protect and devel op th mental health of women by nurses for mental illnesses in the family health ce nters.
Examination of Book Reading Habits and Empathetic Skill Levels of Nursing Students

The aim of the study is to examine the correlation between book reading habits and empathetic skills of nursing students. The universe of the study con sisted of 276 students studying in the nursing department of a vocational school of health science s at a university. The sample selection was not performed and the whole universe was involved in th e study. However, students present at the school on the date when data were collected who agreed to par icipate in the study were included in the study and the study was completed with 236 nursing studen ts. The data were collected using "Empathetic Skill Scale B Form" and "The Attitude Scale toward Book Reading Habits. " The attitude scale toward book reading habits total mean scores of students w as found to be 74.71±9.86. The empathetic skill scale mean score of students was found to be 137.38 ±15.56 and the empathetic skill score to be at moderate level. Moreover, no significant correlatio n was found between the attitude scale toward book reading habits sub-dimension mean scores and e mpathetic skill scale mean score of students.
Vertical gradient in bryophyte diversity and species composition in tropical and subtropical forests in Yunnan, SW China

Questions We sampled epiphytic bryophytes along the entire vertical gradient, from tree base to upper canopy, in tropical and subtropical forests in order to answer the following questions: (a) how do diversity, composition and life forms differ between forests; (b) how do communities change along the vertical gradient in each forest; (c) what are the likely environmental drivers of this; and (d) what is the conservation significance of the results? Location Canopy crane sites in tropical lowland seasonal rain forest (TRF) and subtropical montane moist forest (STF) in Yunnan, southwest China. Methods Bryophytes were sampled from 1,600-2,400 cm(2) of bark surface in 14 vertical segments in three canopy layers on 142 trees, using canopy cranes. Microclimate was measured at five levels on the crane towers. Diversity was compared within and between forests using ANOVA. NMDS was used to compare species composition and assess potential drivers. Results In total, 184 species were recorded in 106 genera and 39 families. STF had a richer bryoflora than TRF. More species occurred in the canopy than the sub-canopy and understorey in both sites. The fan life form was dominant in the lower two layers of both forests, while mats were more common in the canopy of TRF and tall turfs in STF. The main axis of variation in species composition was associated with the vertical gradient of declining humidity and vapour pressure, and increasing temperature, light and wind speed. Conclusions This study demonstrates the value of canopy cranes for complete sampling of the epiphytic bryoflora in complex forests. Both forest types had very high species richness, reflecting the diversity of microhabitats along the vertical gradient. Observed and projected climate change may threaten this bryoflora as a result of rising temperatures and, in some areas, declining rainfall and fog frequency.
Health-related quality of life among undergraduate dentistry students in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam: A cross-sectional WHOQOL‑BREF study

Context: Dentistry is one of the most stressful and difficult programs in Vietnam. The quality of life (QoL) of dentistry students strongly affects their learning ability and is an issue that causes anxiety among educators. Aims: To assess the QoL of dentistry students using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument - Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF) and to explore the relationship between questionnaire scores and participant characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered directly in February to May 2019 with the participation of 201 dentistry students from three universities in southern Vietnam. Results: The mean scores of the students in the four WHOQOL-BREF domains were 57.20 ± 11.93 (physical health), 53.75 ± 14.78 (psychological health), 59.70 ± 15.68 (social relationships), and 55.79 ± 13.25 (environment). Their QoL scores were lower than those of their counterparts in the US and Pakistan. The female students had lower psychological, environmental, and physical health domain scores than those acquired by the male students (p<0.01). The frequency of physical exercise and average sleep duration was significantly associated with all the QoL domains (p<0.05). Conclusions: The WHOQOL-BREF is a suitable questionnaire for evaluating the QoL of Vietnamese dentistry students. To improve the health and well-being of this population, medical universities should innovate dentistry education programs and provide essential support, especially to female and fourth year students. Such institutions should also encourage students to participate in sport activities outside learning time and obtain enough sleep for a healthy body and satisfactory academic performance.
STRENGTH OPTIMISATION OF ORTHOTROPIC PLATES THROUGH INVARIANT FORMULATION OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL FAILURE CRITERIA

Several studies on strength optimisation of anisotropic materials have been done using phenomenological failure criteria that describe the failure with a unique condition that algebraically is presented by a quadratic form, like for strain energy. This work represents an analytical approach to the optimization of orthotropic materials considering the Tsai-Hill, Hoffman and Tsai-Wu criteria. The first step concerns the formulation of these criteria through invariant formulation using the polar method, while the second step concerns the optimization of strength with respect to the orthotropic material orientation. Results obtained using the three different criteria are compared in order to evaluate the three formulations with respect to strength behaviour.
The Effect of Audit Quality on The Quality of Management Earnings Forecasts: Evidence from Japan

In this study, I examine how audit quality (as measured by audit firm size and industry specialization) influences the quality of management earnings forecasts (as measured by forecast bias and accuracy). Specifically, I hypothesize that other factors held constant, firms with higher-quality auditors are associated with higher-quality management earnings forecasts. I test this hypothesis in a unique setting, Japan, where nearly all firms are compelled to provide earnings forecasts. Multivariate analyses provide empirical evidence in support of the hypothesis. In addition, the empirical evidence of a positive relation between audit quality and the quality of management earnings forecasts remains statistically significant and robust under numerous sensitivity tests. This study contributes to the accounting and auditing literature by scrutinizing the effect of audit quality on forecast quality with an improved and more refined research methodology that effectively control for self-selection bias, a common confounding issue in empirical models.
Effect of Miyodo on growth and yield of sesame

An experiment was conducted at the field laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, to investigate the effect of different concentrations of Miyodo on morphological characters, growth, yield contributing characters and yield in sesame varieties. The variety was BARI Til-3 and the concentrations of Miyodo were 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 mg L along with a control (distilled water). The test solutions of Miyodo were sprayed on leaves of sesame at 40 days after sowing (DAS). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. In most of the cases, a gradual increase of growth and yield were noticed with the increase in concentration of Miyodo. Miyodo of 5 mg L -1 concentration was found to be the best for plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, number of flowers, total dry matter, number of capsule plant, number of seeds capsule plant , capsule length, capsule diameter, seed weight plant', 1000-seed weight, and seed yield ha. The results of the experiment revealed that Miyodo at 5 mg L -1 as foliar spray had positive regulatory effect on morphological, growth, yield and yield contributing characters of sesame.
HEAT‐CHALLENGING CONDITIONS

Sectors of the U.S. cage layer industry have begun adopting practices of reduced stocking density (i.e., increased cage floor space per hen) and varying group sizes. This study was conducted with 24 groups of 48 W‐36 laying hens (39 to 46 weeks old) to assess the effects of cage floor space or stocking density (SD) (348, 387, 465, or 581 cm2 hen-1; 54, 60, 72, or 90 in.2 hen-1) and group size (GS) (8 or 16 hens per cage) on the ability of the hens to cope with heat challenge. Data were collected at thermoneutral (24°C or 76°F) and warm conditions (32°C or 90°F, followed by 35°C or 95°F). No differences in core body temperature (CBT) of the hens were observed among the treatment regimens at 24°C. In general, mean CBT increased with heat exposure duration (P < 0.0001) but leveled off after the 32°C phase. At 32°C, CBT was higher for GS of 16 vs. 8 (42.3°C vs. 42.1°C, P = 0.05) and higher for SD of 348 and 387 cm2 hen-1 than for 465 or 581 cm2 hen-1 (42.4°C and 42.2°C vs. 41.9°C and 42.1°C, respectively, P = 0.009). Bird body mass decreased as heat exposure duration increased (P < 0.0001), but no differences were observed among the treatments. No mortalities were observed during the thermoneutrality period, and the mortality rate increased with heat exposure duration. The results indicate that, while CBT was lower for lower SD, the increased space was not sufficient to offer a clear benefit for coping with heat challenge of 32°C followed by 35°C.
Rainfalls Modeling During the Last 35 Years in Sidi Bel Abbes

The study of variations in rainfall north western Algeria in North Africa along the Mediterranean Sea showed that there is a clear trend in increasing precipitations. We went from a semi-arid climate period early in the 80s to a sub-humid climate period starting from the late 90s. The increase is due to an amplification of the evaporation phenomena which is the direct consequence of the rising ocean temperatures. This excess of humidity would spill over areas that received less water before. Nevertheless the trend is fairly recent from the geological point of view, and other future studies could confirm or not these results.
What Drives Taxi Drivers

Credence goods are characterized by informational asymmetries between sellers and consumers that invite fraudulent behavior by sellers. This paper presents a natural field experiment on taxi rides in Athens, Greece, set up to measure different types of fraud and to examine the influence of passengers’ presumed information and income on the extent of fraud. We find that passengers with inferior information about optimal routes are taken on detours of almost double length, while lack of information on the local tariff system increases the likelihood of manipulated bills by about fifteen percentage-points. Passengers’ income seems to have no effect on fraud. JEL-Code: C93, D82
Using the Operational Envelope to Make Autonomous Ships Safer

The introduction of autonomous shipping as a new transport form is about to start. Defining exactly what situations the autonomous ship must be able to handle, here called the “operational envelope” is obviously important. This will be the basis for assigning responsibilities to humans or automation, for designing the human-automation interface and for testing and approval of the automation systems. There are various ways to define the operational envelope and the associated automation or human executed tasks. The importance is to refer to the awareness of a situation and to give the perception of an event with respect to time and condition, and the system behavior, actual and future. It will address the human factors by detail plans for a situation and automation awareness. It will give an understanding between automation and human role, give user experiences and usability of the solutions. An operational envelope main purpose is to describing the characteristics of a proposed system. It is used to communicate the quantitative and qualitative system characteristics to all stakeholders. This paper will examine the general requirements to the operational envelope and the description of the associated tasks and will look at some methods that can be used. It will be built on experiences from the different transport modes, as well as from the literature.
Acquisition and carriage dynamics of fluoroquinolone resistant Enterobacteriaceae at individual and household levels

Carriage dynamics of drug-resistant bacteria, especially within households, are poorly un- derstood. This limits the ability to develop effective interventions for controlling the spread of antimicrobial resistance in the community. Two groups consisting of: (i) patients with urinary tract infection requiring antimicrobial treatment; and (ii) patients who were not pre- scribed antimicrobial treatment were prospectively recruited at three European sites: Antwerp (Belgium), Geneva (Switzerland) and Lodz (Poland). Each index patient and up to three additional household members provided faecal samples at baseline, completion of antimicro- bial therapy (or 7-10 days after the first sample for the non-exposed) and 28 days after the second sample. We analysed household-level and individual-level fluoroquinolone resistant Enterobacteriaceae (FQR-E) acquisition and carriage data using Bayesian multi-state Markov models. At the individual level, we estimated a median baseline FQR-E acquisition rate of 0.006 (95%CrI = [0.004, 0.01]) per day, and a median duration of carriage of 24.4 days (95% CrI=[15.23,41.38]). Nitrofurantoin exposure was associated with a reduced rate of FQR-E acquisition (HR=0.28, 95%CrI=[0.14,0.56]), while fluoroquinolone exposure had no clear as- sociation with rates of FQR-E acquisition (HR=1.43, 95% CrI=[0.81,2.53]) at individual level. There was evidence that rates of FQR-E acquisition varied by site, and coming from Lodz was associated with a higher acquisition rate (HR=3.56, 95% CrI=[1.92, 6.34]). Prolonged duration of carriage was associated with exposure to fluoroquinolone or nitrofurantoin during the study, use of any antimicrobial agent in the prior 12 months and travel to endemic regions. At household level, we found strong evidence of positive association between FQR-E acquisi- tion and fluoroquinolone exposure (HR=3.43, 95% CrI=[1.51,7.74]). There was weak evidence of negative association between FQR-E acquisition and nitrofurantoin exposure (HR=0.42, 95%CrI=[0.12, 1.24]. Similar to the individual level, carriage duration was also associated with antimicrobial exposure at the household level. Our study has identified within household contacts as an important route for FQR-E transmission and highlights the need for prioritising household focused interventions to control FQR-E spread.
Differences and similarities in diagnostic methods and treatments for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a scoping review

Aims: We investigate a range of studies related to COVID-19 with focus on scientific evidence reporting the main diagnosis and treatments of the disease. Main Methods: Scoping review conducted in the databases, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Embase, LILACS, Scopus, and Web of Science, and the gray Google Scholar literature, until May 2020. We follow PRISMA-SCR and the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The identified studies were independently selected by peers. The qualitative data extracted were synthesized and organized into categories, and the quantitative data were generated through descriptive and inferential statistics. Key-findings: 6060 articles were identified, of which 30 were included in this review. The publications are predominantly from China (n=22, 73.3%), and with a type of cross-sectional study (n=12, 40.0%), followed by a cohort (n=7, 23.0%). Among them, 16 studies addressed the diagnosis, and computed tomography was considered as non-invasive complementary method for detecting and evaluating the progression of COVID-19. Laboratory tests have been used to detect enzymatic or viral activities, and to monitor the inflammation associated with COVID-19. 14 studies included different therapeutic associations, such as Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LPV/r) and Arbidol, Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin, Tocilizumab and Remdesivir, and Corticosteroids/Plasminogen. Significance: The evidence related to diagnostic methods are clear, and include tomography and laboratory tests. Medicinal or associated medications for the treatment of COVID-19, although showing a reduction in signs and COVID-19-related symptoms, can cause adverse effects of mild or severe intensity depending on viral load and inflammatory activity. Additional studies should be performed to identify the most reliable treatment for COVID-19.
Estimation of the severeness rate, death rate, household attack rate and the total number of COVID-19 cases based on 16 115 Polish surveillance records

Background: Estimating the actual number of COVID-19 infections is crucial for steering through the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. It is, however, notoriously difficult, as many cases have no or only mild symptoms. Surveillance data for in-household secondary infections offers unbiased samples for COVID-19 prevalence estimation. Methods: We analyse 16115 Polish surveillance records to obtain key figures of the COVID-19 pandemic. We propose conservative upper and lower bound estimators for the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Further, we estimate age-dependent bounds on the severe case rate, death rate, and the in-household attack rate. Results: By maximum likelihood estimates, the total number of COVID-19 cases in Poland as of July 22nd, 2020, is at most around 13 times larger and at least 1.6 times larger than the recorded number. The lower bound on the severeness rate ranges between 0.2% for the 0-39 year-old to 5.7% for older than 80, while the upper bound is between 2.6% and 34.1%. The lower bound on the death rate is between 0.04% for the age group 40-59 to 1.34% for the oldest. Overall, the severeness and death rates grow exponentially with age. The in-household attack ratio is 8.18% for the youngest group and 16.88% for the oldest. Conclusions: The proposed approach derives highly relevant figures on the COVID-19 pandemic from routine surveillance data, under assumption that household members of detected infected are tested and all severe cases are diagnosed.
Maternal late-pregnancy serum unmetabolized folic acid concentrations are not associated with infant allergic disease - A prospective cohort study

Background: The increase in childhood allergic disease in recent decades has coincided with increased folic acid intakes during pregnancy. Circulating unmetabolized folic acid (UMFA) has been proposed as a biomarker of excessive folic acid intake. Objective: We aimed to determine if late-pregnancy serum UMFA and total folate concentrations were associated with allergic disease risk in the offspring at one year of age in a population at high risk of allergy. Methods: The cohort consisted of 561 mother-infant pairs from Western Australia. To be eligible the infant had a first-degree relative (mother, father or sibling) with a history of medically diagnosed allergic disease. Maternal serum was collected between 36 and 40 weeks of gestation. UMFA concentrations were measured by tandem mass spectrometry using stable isotope dilution, folate concentrations were determined using the microbiological method with standardized kits. Infant allergic disease outcomes of medically diagnosed eczema, steroid treated eczema, atopic eczema, IgE-mediated food allergy, allergen sensitization and medically diagnosed wheeze were assessed at 1 year of age. Results: Median (IQR) for UMFA and serum folate was 1.6 (0.6-4.7) and 53.2 (32.6-74.5) nmol/L, respectively. Of the infants, 34.6% had medically diagnosed eczema, 26.4% allergen sensitization and 14.9% had an IgE-mediated food allergy. In both adjusted and unadjusted models there was little evidence of association between UMFA or serum folate and any of the infant allergy outcomes. Conclusion: In this cohort of children at high risk for allergic disease there was no association between maternal UMFA or serum folate measured in late pregnancy and allergic disease outcomes at 1 year of age.