Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct and indirect measures of oxygen extraction, tidal lung volumes and respiratory rates in a rehabilitating gray whale calf

A gray whale neonate, JJ, stranded on January 10, 1997 and held for rehabilitation at SeaWorld, San Diego, was studied to: (1) characterize respiratory patterns for the purpose of remotely monitoring changes in ventilation and oxygen extraction rates over short time-frames and (2) estimate the metabolic rate compared to unrestrained calves in a winter nursery lagoons. Between February and November, fractions of assimilated O2 values ([IO2]‐[EO2]) ranged from 4.8% to 18.3%, increasing as a function of total duration of the ventilatory cycle immediately prior to each sampled expiration (TT). Although mean TT increased two-fold, no change in the relationship between [IO2]‐[EO2] and TT with age was apparent. The relationship between [IO2]‐[EO2] and TT reported here is similar to, but extended by almost 4 times, that determined by Sumich (1994) for approximately 2-month old, freeswimming gray whale calf. Beginning at approximately three months of age, expiratory flow rates and tidal lung volumes (VT) were measured periodically with a dierential pressure laminar flow element pneumotachograph while the whale was partially stranded. Monitored expiratory flow rates were integrated over the duration of the expiration (TE) to obtain expiratory VT, which varied from 2.9 to 3.4% of body mass. A derived relationship between VT and TE estimated VT by acoustically monitoring JJ’s expiration sounds and determining TE and TT during unrestrained swimming.
Self calibration method for 3D roundness of spheres using an ultraprecision coordinate measuring machine.

, but at this level, spheres used as touch probes, or as reference for the probe calibration are far from perfect. Thus calibration of those ultra-precise CMMs impose new challenges. Knowing that it is impossible to manufacture perfect geometrical references, one has to deal with the mapping of their imperfections. In this paper, we propose a method for the calibration of the diameter and the mapping of the 3D roundness of three calibration spheres. The method requires the three spheres to be measured against each other in various configurations. In this way the absolute diameters can be obtained without any external reference standard.
ICT Use in the EFL Classroom in Morocco: EFL Teachers' Personal and Technology-Related Variables

This study investigates the level of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) use in teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) in Morocco. It explores the effects of EFL teachers' personal and technology-related variables in ICT use in English high school classes. The study opts for a descriptive and an analytical method to account for this claim. Therefore, a mixed-methods approach is used. A survey questionnaire and interviews are conducted to obtain a corpus of data that is both representative and reliable. The sample of our study consists of thirty teachers of English in six high schools in the city of Meknes. The findings indicate that ICT integration in the EFL classes in Morocco is hampered due to different variables. Interior variables refer to the teacher's attitude and dilemma towards using ICT; while exterior ones are strongly associated with the lack of ICT facilities and ICT related equipment in the Moroccan high schools.
University of Jordan Students' Attitudes Towards the Use of the Blackboard as a Learning Tool

The purpose of this study was to examine students' attitudes towards the use of Blackboard (Bb) as a learning tool, with particular reference to identifying obstacles to increased use. At the University of Jordan, all students in the ICTE high diploma program who had used Bb (365 students) were response on the research questionnaire that developed by the researcher for the purpose of this study, and (325) completely survey filled were return back. The data indicate that students strongly prefer using Blackboard largely, because it allows them to balance their other commitments more easily and gained more benefits in their education. Respondents also perceive that they achieve higher quality educational outcomes by using Blackboard. In light of the results of this study, the researcher recommended that institutions in higher education in Jordan should take actions to use Blackboard or even to establish their own learning management system(LMS) as a standard tool, and support development of the students' professional competence.
EFFECT OF VERTICAL MOTIONS ON SEISMIC RESPONSE OF HIGHWAY BRIDGES

Results of a parametric study of the effects of vertical motions on the seismic response of typical highway bridges are presented. Six different bridges covering a variety of types and geometry are subjected to a suite of ground motions representing events with magnitudes of 6.5 and 7.5 at both rock and soil sites, and with fault distances of 1, 5, 10, 20, and 40 km. Response spectrum analyses are performed on all six bridges for all ground motion parameters. Response results excluding and including vertical motions are compared, with the effect of the vertical motion expressed as a ratio of the dead load actions. Three of the bridges are also analyzed using linear time history analysis to validate the response spectrum results. Analysis of one bridge is extended to incorporate nonlinear behavior of the piers. Recommendations are made for including the effects of vertical ground motions in a code format, and will be considered for adoption by AASHTO in May 2003.
Characteristics of Melting Layer in Cyclones Over the Western North Pacific Detected by the GPM Dual‐Frequency Precipitation Radar

A knowledge of melting layer (ML) is crucial for the accurate estimation of rainfall and the study of microphysical characterization of the cloud. Based on 5 years (2016–2020) of measurements of cyclones over the Western North Pacific from the dual‐frequency precipitation radar on board the Global Precipitation Measurement satellite, the characteristics and microphysical processes of ML are investigated. Our research shows that the height of the top boundary of ML is higher than the freezing level (0 degrees centigrade level, FL), and the Ze of freezing level is larger than that of the top of ML. The height of ML is the result of the combined effect of latitude and stage of cyclone. When the ice particles pass through the ML, the mass‐weighted mean diameter (Dm), the generalized intercept parameter (Nw), and the distributions of the reflectivity factor (Ze) increase, indicating that growth mechanism and breakup process.
The effect of organizational musical therapy on reducing the stress level of health care professionals in a public hospital

This study aimed at analyzing the influence of receptive organizational therapy on the levels of stress of nursing professionals in a public hospital. Concerning the methodology, the study has a quantitative approach and an explanatory nature and adopts quasi-experimental procedures. The research universe encompassed 74 nursing professionals. As a research tool, the study used the Lipp’s Stress Symptoms Inventory for Adults. Primary results showed that, out of the 74 professionals, 20.3% (n = 15) were classified as having no levels of stress. However, 79.7% (n = 59) of the participants had some levels of stress. Out of these professionals, 71.6% (n = 53) were in the second stage, known as resistance. Thirty days after the application of receptive musical therapy, the 74 professionals who took part in this experience had their levels of stress reevaluated and compared to the levels of stress from before the musical intervention with the use of the Wilcoxon test. The test results highlighted that the levels of stress during the resistance, near-exhaustion, and exhaustion stages were minimized. As a conclusion, therefore, receptive organizational musical therapy has meaningful effects on reducing stress and improving the work life quality of professionals.
Trials of ULCOS-NBF at LKAB's Experimental Blast Furnace

To decrease the energy consumption and the CO2 emission in the blast furnace ironmaking process nitrogen free blast furnace processes (ULCOS-NBF), also called top gas recycling blast furnace - TGRBF were put forward in the European Ultra Low CO2 Steelmaking (ULCOS) project. Trials of different ULCOS-NBF concepts in pilot scale at LKAB’s Experimental Blast Furnace were carried out in 2007, 2009 and 2010. Trial results indicated that a carbon saving of about 24% or higher could be reached with the ULCOS-NBF blast furnace process, and in the mean time a CO2 mitigation of about 65% could be achieved with the combined implementation of CO2 capture and storage. The trials also demonstrated the feasibility of the ULCOS-NBF concepts. CO2 capture process - VPSA of Air Liquide could work very smoothly to separate the CO2 from the top gas; and Pebble Heater could function well for heating up the recycled top gas of high CO and H2 contents to a temperature of about 1250 o C without any safety problem. The ULCOSNBF processes with the recycled top gas injections
Human resource management and organisational productivity

– The purpose of this paper is to present robust evidence about the effects of human resource management (HRM) systems on organizational productivity, by mixing both distal objective and proximal subjective measures, and by proposing an estimation method that employs hard HRM data. , – The purpose of the study is achieved via a simultaneous equations system that has been estimated and simulated, based on an augmented Cobb-Douglas production function, which innovatively has been transformed from static to dynamic, using both economics-based literature and literature from the HRM discipline. , – The study supports the view that HRM has a positive impact on productivity, through employee skills, attitudes, and behaviour. Additionally, the study finds that a 10 per cent increase in the extent of the systematic use of HR practices will lead to a 3.27 per cent increase in the total production, and that employee compensation and incentives play the most important role in improving production efficiency. Further, the study finds that for each additional year of systematic use of HR practices, total production will be increasing by 0.07 per cent per annum. , – The findings of the study suggest practitioners that competitiveness (expressed by increased productivity) will be increased not by reducing costs, as a result of dismissing employees or decreasing wages, but instead by improving productivity as a result of increased compensation and incentives, and improved training and development. , – The key output of the paper is the development of a sophisticated model that links an HRM system to a production system, through intermediate HRM outcomes, and the extension of the “generalised method of moments” as a systems estimation method that should be used for curing possible misspecification and common method bias problems in the HRM discipline.
The ability of cash flows to predict the earning: Evidence from Jordan

This study aims to investigate the ability of cash flows components to predict the earning and to know the extent of the relationship between accounting profits and cash flow measures. The study sample consisted of 77 industrial companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange in Jordan for the period from 2006 to 2019. This study relied on the regression method to test the relationship between the study variables. The study findings showed that the cash flows from operating, investing, and financial activities have a statistically significant impact on predicting future earnings. The study also examined the effect of length of operating cycle and company’s size on the predictive ability of cash flows regarding future earnings. The main results for this aspect are that large companies and short operating cycle companies have higher prediction ability for future earnings than small and long operating cycle companies. This paper provides evidence of the information content of cash flows for future earnings in emerging markets like Jordan and is important for Jordanian shareholders by enabling them to evaluate company’s performance. AcknowledgmentsI would like to thank Amman Arab University for its great support, and for funding this study.
Inventing Together: The Role of Actor Goals and Platform Affordances in Open Innovation

With the ubiquity of the internet and social media platforms, open innovation (OI) opportunities now extend to individuals with creative ideas and interests in innovation. Understanding why individuals are willing to engage in open innovation and how their diverse goals affect their participation is important for assessing the viability of various OI models and to inform platform design. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model that examines the impact of three categories of human goals extrinsic, intrinsic, and internalized extrinsic on actors continuous intentions to participate in three general categories of open innovation behaviors: ideation, collaboration, and socialization. The model also considers how perceived platform participation affordances mediate the influence of goals on these innovation behaviors. We validate this goals-affordances-behavior model via a field survey of participants on a social product development (SPD) platform. By theorizing and empirically examining how goals influence participation in the SPD context, our study advances knowledge about open innovation behaviors, provides a foundation for future research across various OI models, and highlights practical insights for OI platform design.
Achieving rational pesticide use in outdoor tomato production through farmer training and implementation of a technical guideline

Smallholder farmers were trained by frontline extensionists and local experts on how to apply Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in outdoor tomatoes, Solanum lycopersicum, during farmer field schools in Northern Tanzania between 2005 and 2008. Farmers were also organised into newly-established vegetable producer clubs within which they developed a technical guideline defining the minimum requirements for integrated tomato production. Unaligned, clustered sample surveys conducted among farmers trained in IPM and conventional farmers between 2009 and 2010 revealed that IPM farmers adopted and/or more frequently used non-hazardous preventive measures for pest (arthropod, disease and weed) control than non-IPM farmers. However, pest incidence was so severe during these years that nearly every IPM and non-IPM farmer had to use synthetic pesticides as a direct control measure. Overall, IPM farmers sprayed synthetic pesticides in smaller quantities and less frequently than non-IPM farmers, but they applied natural source pesticides more frequently and in larger amounts. IPM farmers used 85% less often the more hazardous pesticides (WHO toxicity Class I and II) than non-IPM farmers, as well as 42% more often the less hazardous pesticides [Class III and U (=IV)], and 84% more often ‘green’ products (for example, biological, safe botanicals). In conclusion, the training of farmers in IPM, together with the implementation of a technical guideline and the establishment of producer clubs, is highly recommended for reducing the use of hazardous pesticides and improving the production of vegetables that are safer for producers, consumers and the environment. Key words: Integrated pest management (IPM), farmer training, technical guideline, project monitoring and evaluation, vegetable producer clubs, Solanum lycopersicum, pesticide reduction, Tanzania.
Review of Data Science Trends and Issues in Porous Media Research With a Focus on Image‐Based Techniques

Data science as a flourishing interdisciplinary domain of computer and mathematical sciences is playing an important role in guiding the porous material research streams. In the present narrative review, we have examined recent trends and issues in data‐driven methods used in the image‐based porous material research studies relevant to water resources researchers and scientists. Initially, the recent trends in porous material data‐related issues have been investigated through search engine queries in terms of data source, data storage hub, programing languages, and software packages. Subsequent to a diligent analysis of the existing trends, a review of the common concepts of porous material research and data science are presented through six categories comprising big data, data regression, classification, image segmentation, geometry reconstruction, and image data resolution. We provide: (a) a focus on image‐based and pore scale methods which has not been presented previously, (b) a detailed search engine research for trend investigation, and (c) practical examples and comparison of data storage in porous media image‐based research. By reading this review article, an overall image of the active and popular interdisciplinary research domains can be obtained. Readers will also be informed of the latest data‐driven efforts and recommended research directions for tackling the image‐based porous material problems relevant to water resources research. We concluded that porous material image reconstruction and resolution improvement techniques are unique means to reveal unprecedented details of micro‐structures that may have been missed in a medium quality tomography image.
Analysis of electromigration-induced failures in multilayered interconnects

The authors studied electromigration-induced failures in multilayered interconnects with overlayer TiN in conjunction with the overlayer-TiN/Al heterointerface evaluation. The electrical contact resistance between Al and TiN changes with fabrication processes. The contact between Al and underlayer TiN shows almost the same resistance as Al/Al direct contact. On the other hand, the contact between overlayer TiN and Al shows higher resistance compared with that of Al/Al direct contact; its value varies with the deposition processes. That is, overlayer-TiN/Al structure successively deposited without breaking vacuum shows one order of magnitude higher contact resistance, while overlayer-TiN/Al structure deposited after Al was exposed to air shows two orders of magnitude higher contact resistance compared with Al/Al direct contact. The high contact resistance between overlayer TiN and Al suppresses the current bypass flow even when it is one order of magnitude higher compared with that of Al/Al direct contact. The simple multilayered structure of overlayered TiN/Ti/Al exhibits high reliability for submicrometer-level interconnects. >
Porous Carbonated Hydroxyapatite-Based Paraffin Wax Nanocomposite Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Physicochemical Properties and Cell Viability Assay Analysis

Porosity is one of the parameters of scaffold pore structure that must be developed using paraffin wax as a synthetic polymer for making porous bioceramics carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA). This study fabricated CHA based on abalone mussel shells (Halioitis asinina); CHA/paraffin wax nanocomposite scaffolds were synthesized using paraffin wax with concentration variations of 10, 20, and 30 wt. %. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results showed that the Ca/P molar ratio of CHA was 1.72, which approaches the natural bone. The addition of paraffin wax in all concentration variation treatments caused the crystallographic properties of the CHA/paraffin wax nanocomposite scaffolds to decrease. The results of pore analysis suggest that the high concentration of paraffin wax in the CHA suspension is involved in the formation of more pores on the surface of the scaffold, but only CHA/paraffin wax 30 wt. % had a scaffold with potential to be used in media with a cellular growth orientation. The micropore analysis was also supported by the cell viability assay results for CHA/paraffin wax 30 wt. % nanocomposite scaffold, where serial doses of scaffold concentrations to mouse osteoblast cells were secure. Overall, based on this analysis, the CHA/paraffin wax scaffold can be a candidate for bone tissue engineering.
Numerical modeling of weakly fused fiber-optic polarization beamsplitters. I. Accurate calculation of coupling coefficients and form birefringence

The weakly fused tapered fiber-optic coupler, when properly designed, can function as a polarization beamsplitter. Accurate electromagnetic modeling of the coupler performance is important in helping design the couplers for proper operating conditions. The form birefringence which corresponds to the difference in the coupling coefficients between orthogonal polarization states causes the polarization splitting in the coupler. The form birefringence is small, and we find that accurate calculation of such small quantities is crucial in the modeling. In this paper, we provide accurate polarization-dependent coupling coefficients and form birefringence for the weakly fused coupler structure by a vectorial numerical calculation based on the boundary integral approach. It is found that to obtain form birefringence values of enough accuracy, a large number of divisions along the coupler boundary are required. We propose a nonuniform scheme for the boundary division to save computing efforts. Form birefringence values for different coupler aspect ratios and normalized frequencies are presented.
Influences of imperfect interface on effective magnetoelectric properties in multiferroic composites with elliptical fibers

In the present work, the influences of the imperfect interface on effective magnetoelectric properties of multiferroic composites with the elliptical fibers is studied. By the conformal mapping function and Mori–Tanaka theory, the closed-form solutions of the effective material properties are derived. The magnetoelectric (ME) voltage coefficient is applied, and the electric and magnetic coupling is discussed. From the numerical results, it can be found that the elliptic inclusions can enhance the magnetoelectric coupling behaviors more significantly than that of the circular ones. Furthermore, the absolute value of the magnetoelectric voltage coefficient can be reduced by the increasing of the imperfect degree. This work is expected to present a reference on the optimal analysis of the electric and magnetic coupling in multiferroic composite materials.
Ambipolar Current Suppression, Analog/RF and Linearity Performance Improvement of Dual Material Stacked Gate Oxide TFET with Dielectric Pocket

In this article, the impact of high-K and low-K dielectric pockets on DC, analog/RF, and linearity performance parameters of dual material stacked gate oxide-dielectric pocket-tunnel field-effect transistor (DMSGO-DP-TFET) is investigated. In this regard, a stacked gate oxide (SiO2 + HfO2) with workfunction engineering is taken into consideration to improve the ON-state current (ION ), and suppress the ambipolar current (Iamb). To further improve the performance of the device, a high-K dielectric pocket (HfO2) is used at the drain-channel interface to suppress the Iamb, and at the source-channel interface a low-K dielectric pocket is used to improve the ION and analog/RF performance. Moreover, length of stacked gate segments (L1, L2, L3), pocket height, and thickness are optimized to attain better ION /IOFF ratio, and suppress the Iamb which helps to achieve higher gain and design of analog/RF circuits. The DMSGO-DP-TFET outperforms the dual material control gate-dielectric pocket-TFET (DMCG-DP-TFET) with SiO2 gate oxide and shows increment in ION /IOFF (∼ 4.23 times), 84 % increment in transconductance (gm), 136 % increment in cut-off frequency (fT ), 126 % increment in gain-bandwidth-product (GBP), and better linearity performance parametrs such as gm2 ,gm3, VIP2, VIP3 and IIP3 making the proposed device useful for low power and radio frequency applications.