Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of managing suspected pulmonary embolism using an algorithm combining clinical probability, D-dimer testing, and computed tomography.

CONTEXT Previous studies have evaluated the safety of relatively complex combinations of clinical decision rules and diagnostic tests in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical effectiveness of a simplified algorithm using a dichotomized clinical decision rule, D-dimer testing, and computed tomography (CT) in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with clinically suspected acute pulmonary embolism, conducted in 12 centers in the Netherlands from November 2002 through December 2004. The study population of 3306 patients included 82% outpatients and 57% women. INTERVENTIONS Patients were categorized as "pulmonary embolism unlikely" or "pulmonary embolism likely" using a dichotomized version of the Wells clinical decision rule. Patients classified as unlikely had D-dimer testing, and pulmonary embolism was considered excluded if the D-dimer test result was normal. All other patients underwent CT, and pulmonary embolism was considered present or excluded based on the results. Anticoagulants were withheld from patients classified as excluded, and all patients were followed up for 3 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Symptomatic or fatal venous thromboembolism (VTE) during 3-month follow-up. RESULTS Pulmonary embolism was classified as unlikely in 2206 patients (66.7%). The combination of pulmonary embolism unlikely and a normal D-dimer test result occurred in 1057 patients (32.0%), of whom 1028 were not treated with anticoagulants; subsequent nonfatal VTE occurred in 5 patients (0.5% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.2%-1.1%]). Computed tomography showed pulmonary embolism in 674 patients (20.4%). Computed tomography excluded pulmonary embolism in 1505 patients, of whom 1436 patients were not treated with anticoagulants; in these patients the 3-month incidence of VTE was 1.3% (95% CI, 0.7%-2.0%). Pulmonary embolism was considered a possible cause of death in 7 patients after a negative CT scan (0.5% [95% CI, 0.2%-1.0%]). The algorithm was completed and allowed a management decision in 97.9% of patients. CONCLUSIONS A diagnostic management strategy using a simple clinical decision rule, D-dimer testing, and CT is effective in the evaluation and management of patients with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism. Its use is associated with low risk for subsequent fatal and nonfatal VTE.
Factors affecting utilisation of agricultural innovations in Tanzania: A case of selected rice production practices in Igunga district

A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION AND EXTENSION OF SOKOINE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE. MOROGORO, TANZANIA.
Single-current-sensor Sliding Mode Driving Strategy For Four-switch Three-phase Brushless DC Motor

Reviewing the direct current control of four-switch three-phase brushless DC motor (BLDCM), to reduce the system cost further and theoretically explore the system's operating mechanism in more depth, the paper put forward a single-current-sensor sliding mode driving strategy. The uniform mathematic equations of four-switch three-phase BLDCM were represented and six kinds of operating modes (model~model6) were divided up into two groups with model, mode4 classified as the first one and mode2, mode3, mode4, mode5 as the second one. With model and mode2 respectively taken for the examples of the first group and the second group, the fundamental description equations and the standard state space description in every mode were derived and the sliding mode plane, the convergence conditions, and the submode division in each mode were also discussed. In the first type of operating modes a sliding mode control with hierarchical switching scheme in fixed order is adopted, where regulating phase c current then phase a or phase b current successively may direct the system state trajectory toward the two-dimension stable sliding mode plane. Whereas in the second type of operating modes, simply sensing and regulating phase c current can steer the system state trajectory to the one-dimension sliding mode plane. Moreover a phase plane portrait method and a numeric method based on Taylor series expansion to determine the system's convergence domain of the sliding mode plane are also introduced. To verify the feasibility of the plan, a complete simulation system in Matlab6.5/Simulink was built. The whole theoretical analysis and the simulation results verified the validity and reliability of the strategy.
Silymarin for HCV infection

Silymarin, an extract of milk thistle seeds, and silymarin-derived compounds have been considered hepatoprotective since the plant was first described in ancient times. Hepatoprotection is defined as several non-mutually exclusive biological activities including antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions. Despite clear evidence for silymarin-induced hepatoprotection in cell culture and animal models, evidence for benefcial effects in humans has been equivocal. This review will summarize the current state of knowledge on silymarin in the context of HCV infection. The information was collated from a recent workshop on silibinin in Germany.
Fast computing reachability labelings for large graphs with high compression rate

There are numerous applications that need to deal with a large graph and need to query reachability between nodes in the graph. A 2-hop cover can compactly represent the whole edge transitive closure of a graph in O(|V| . |E|1/2) space, and be used to answer reachability query efficiently. However, it is challenging to compute a 2-hop cover. The existing approaches suffer from either large resource consumption or low compression rate. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical partitioning approach to partition a large graph G into two subgraphs repeatedly in a top-down fashion. The unique feature of our approach is that we compute 2-hop cover while partitioning. In brief, in every iteration of top-down partitioning, we provide techniques to compute the 2-hop cover for connections between the two subgraphs first. A cover is computed to cut the graph into two subgraphs, which results in an overall cover with high compression for the entire graph G. Two approaches are proposed, namely a node-oriented approach and an edge-oriented approach. Our approach can efficiently compute 2-hop cover for a large graph with high compression rate. Our extensive experiment studies show that the 2-hop cover for a graph with 1,700,000 nodes and 169 billion connections can be obtained in less than 30 minutes with a compression rate about 40,000 using a PC.
A novel CPW-to-stripline vertical via transition using a stagger via structure and embedded air cavities for V-band LTCC SiP applications

We present a novel LTCC CPW-to-stripline (SL) vertical via transition utilizing a novel stagger via (STV) structure and embedded air cavities for 60 GHz system-in-package (SiP) applications. In order to minimize radiation due to abrupt via discontinuity, the STV structure and the air cavities are proposed and implemented in the vertical via transition. The fabricated three-segment transmission line (CPW-SL-CPW) composed of the new vertical via transitions achieves an insertion loss of 1.6 dB and return losses below -10 dB over 60 GHz. The transition loss per STV transition is 0.7 dB at 60 GHz.
The Paleomagnetism of a Thick Middle Tertiary Volcanic Sequence in Northern California

The mean direction of remanent magnetism for 44 sampling sites from Oligo-Miocene lava flows in northern California points about 12° east of the expected Oligo-Miocene geomagnetic field direction for the area. Our paleomagnetic data and other data indicate that the Cascade Range has rotated clockwise since the middle Tertiary. Similar, but larger, clockwise rotations have been documented in previous studies throughout the Coast Ranges. Two mechanisms are suggested to account for the dif­ ferential rotation that has occurred within the Coast and Cascade Ranges. First, the Coast Ranges are rotated and then accreted to a curved conti­ nental margin during the Eocene, leaving the Washington Coast Range relatively unrotated at the end of the Eocene. Secondly, during postEocene rotation, the thick crystalline crust of the Klamath Mountains prohibited the southern end of the Cascade Range from rotating as rapidly as the northern end, producing an oroclinal bend in the range.
Dynamic Landscapes of Four Histone Modifications during Deetiolation in Arabidopsis[W]

Although landscapes of several histone marks are now available for Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, such profiles remain static and do not provide information about dynamic changes of plant epigenomes in response to developmental or environmental cues. Here, we analyzed the effects of light on four histone modifications (acetylation and trimethylation of lysines 9 and 27 on histone H3: H3K9ac, H3K9me3, H3K27ac, and H3K27me3, respectively). Our genome-wide profiling of H3K9ac and H3K27ac revealed that these modifications are nontransposable element gene-specific. By contrast, we found that H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 target nontransposable element genes, but also intergenic regions and transposable elements. Specific light conditions affected the number of modified regions as well as the overall correlation strength between the presence of specific modifications and transcription. Furthermore, we observed that acetylation marks not only ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 and HY5-HOMOLOG upon deetiolation, but also their downstream targets. We found that the activation of photosynthetic genes correlates with dynamic acetylation changes in response to light, while H3K27ac and H3K27me3 potentially contribute to light regulation of the gibberellin metabolism. Thus, this work provides a dynamic portrait of the variations in histone modifications in response to the plant's changing light environment and strengthens the concept that histone modifications represent an additional layer of control for light-regulated genes involved in photomorphogenesis.
Genomic population structure aligns with vocal dialects in Palm Cockatoos (Probosciger aterrimus); evidence for refugial late-Quaternary distribution?

ABSTRACT Species persistence and maintenance of genetic diversity are strongly affected by dispersal and historical distribution, especially when species depend on habitat that is non-uniform or fluctuates dramatically with changing climate. Australo-Papuan rainforest has fluctuated dramatically since the last glacial maximum (around 20 kya). To understand how prehistoric climate fluctuation affected population connectivity and genetic diversity in a rainforest edge species, we screened 27 Palm Cockatoo samples from Cape York Peninsula (Australia) and southern Papua New Guinea (PNG) in 1132 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 342 nuclear loci and the mitochondrial ND2 gene. We also modelled the birds’ distribution at present, mid-Holocene (~6 kya) and the last glacial maximum (~21 kya). Population differentiation in nuclear genomic data among Australian populations aligns with distribution contraction to mountainous refugia at the mid-Holocene (~6 kya). Lack of nuclear divergence between PNG and Australia may reflect late-Holocene recolonisation, but different ND2 haplotypes suggest early stages of divergence. Although admixed individuals suggest some gene flow, recent movement restriction to/from Australian refugia is suggested by a unique ND2 haplotype, genomic divergence and a vocal dialect boundary shown previously. Our results show how prehistoric climate fluctuation affects present-day and future species conservation in dynamic rainforest edge ecosystems.
The Mouse Genome Database (MGD): updates and enhancements

The Mouse Genome Database (MGD) integrates genetic and genomic data for the mouse in order to facilitate the use of the mouse as a model system for understanding human biology and disease processes. A core component of the MGD effort is the acquisition and integration of genomic, genetic, functional and phenotypic information about mouse genes and gene products. MGD works within the broader bioinformatics community to define referential and semantic standards to facilitate data exchange between resources including the incorporation of information from the biomedical literature. MGD is also a platform for computational assessment of integrated biological data with the goal of identifying candidate genes associated with complex phenotypes. MGD is web accessible at . Recent improvements in MGD described here include the incorporation of an interactive genome browser, the enhancement of phenotype resources and the further development of functional annotation resources.
Cortical mechanisms for trans-saccadic memory and integration of multiple object features

Constructing an internal representation of the world from successive visual fixations, i.e. separated by saccadic eye movements, is known as trans-saccadic perception. Research on trans-saccadic perception (TSP) has been traditionally aimed at resolving the problems of memory capacity and visual integration across saccades. In this paper, we review this literature on TSP with a focus on research showing that egocentric measures of the saccadic eye movement can be used to integrate simple object features across saccades, and that the memory capacity for items retained across saccades, like visual working memory, is restricted to about three to four items. We also review recent transcranial magnetic stimulation experiments which suggest that the right parietal eye field and frontal eye fields play a key functional role in spatial updating of objects in TSP. We conclude by speculating on possible cortical mechanisms for governing egocentric spatial updating of multiple objects in TSP.
Magnetization processes of non oriented electrical steels: Vector hysteresis and energy losses measurements

This work presents measurements of the static magnetization processes of non oriented electrical steels usually used for the electrical machines. The experimental results obtained can be used as a benchmark for the identification procedures of phenomenological models used for the representation of the magnetic behavior of the electrical steels. The experimental set-up used and some results about scalar and vector magnetization processes and static hysteresis losses are presented in the paper.
Extensive and invasive lymphangioma circumscriptum in a young female: A rare case report and review of the literature

Lymphatic malformations, or lymphangiomas, are benign proliferations of lymphatics, classified as superficial lymphangioma circumscriptum (LC) and deep (cavernous lymphangioma). LC, as the name suggests, is a well-circumscribed lesion but, rarely, extensive and invasive forms can also be seen. Surgical excision is the main modality of treatment. We report a case of extensive and invasive type of LC where surgical excision is difficult and recurrence is the rule.
Coherent closed quasi-clique discovery from large dense graph databases

Frequent coherent subgraphs can provide valuable knowledge about the underlying internal structure of a graph database, and mining frequently occurring coherent subgraphs from large dense graph databases has been witnessed several applications and received considerable attention in the graph mining community recently. In this paper, we study how to efficiently mine the complete set of coherent closed quasi-cliques from large dense graph databases, which is an especially challenging task due to the downward-closure property no longer holds. By fully exploring some properties of quasi-cliques, we propose several novel optimization techniques, which can prune the unpromising and redundant sub-search spaces effectively. Meanwhile, we devise an efficient closure checking scheme to facilitate the discovery of only closed quasi-cliques. We also develop a coherent closed quasi-clique mining algorithm, <B>Cocain</B>1 Thorough performance study shows that Cocain is very efficient and scalable for large dense graph databases.
Graph-cut based regional risk estimation for traffic scene

In this study, we investigate the regional risk estimation of drivers for street environment involving different players such as pedestrians, other vehicles, traffic signs, traffic lights, and crosswalks. Various researches focusing on objects regarding traffic have been realized by means of traditional risk estimation. In turn, conventional methods have not presented a realistic solution for drivers at risky regions and moments; whereas, our approach considers emerging risks for a driver due to dynamic actions of street players. A chessboard is devised for representing the street players, each of which carries different potential risks. Every square of the chessboard refers to a partition, which can host one or multiple players. Further, a partition can have different risks for a driver. The proposed model is realized using a graph-cut algorithm for energy minimization. Each partition is considered as a vertex of the graph, which can transfer risks caused by street players. Vertexes are formed via behavior as those of memory cell structures. The memory cells have risk transfer capabilities allowing a driver to determine momentarily risks on urban traffic. Consequently, this captures the regional risk for driver in light of the detected street players as demonstrated through the paper.
Beyond Headcount: Measures that Reflect the Breadth and Components of Child Poverty

This paper presents a new approach to child poverty measurement that reflects the breadth and components of child poverty. The Alkire and Foster method presented in this paper seeks to answer the question ‘who is poor’ by considering the intensity of each child’s poverty. Once children are identified as poor, the measures aggregate information on poor children’s deprivations in a way that can be broken down to see where and how children are poor. The resulting measures go beyond the headcount by taking into account the breadth, depth or severity of dimensions of child poverty. The paper illustrates one way to apply this method to child poverty measurement, using Bangladeshi data from four rounds of the Demographic Health Survey covering the period 1997–2007. Results for Bangladesh show that the AF adjusted headcount ratio adds value because it produces a different ranking than the simple headcount, because it also reflects the simultaneous deprivations children experience (intensity). Given this, we argue that child poverty should not be assessed only according to the incidence of poverty but also by the intensity of deprivations that batter poor children’s lives at the same time. The Bangladesh example is used to illustrate how to compute and interpret the child poverty figures, how the final measure can be broken down by groups and by dimensions in order to analyse child poverty, how to interpret changes over time, and how to undertake robustness checks concerning the poverty cut-off.
Analyzing temporal properties of abstract models

Models are created and changed throughout the development process of software systems. The cost of repairing the errors that are due to mistakes in models is very high. In this research, we address this problem by developing model checking techniques that can be applied to abstract models that guide designers throughout the evolution of models and systems. Abstract models are declarative, expressed as a set of constraints, and this declarative aspect is the main challenge in model checking them. Our main idea for solving this problem is to express the model checking problem as a constraint solving problem. This approach enables designers to use current state-of-the-art constraint solvers for analysis. We have implemented this idea for Alloy models and we are further extending it for automatic model repairing. To achieve scalability, we have developed BDD-based methods for analysis of declarative models and we are studying model checking methods that are based on satisfiability modulo theories. We plan to extend these methods to infinite state space models.
A Bang-Bang Clock and Data Recovery Using Mixed Mode Adaptive Loop Gain Strategy

A Bang-Bang Clock and Data Recovery (CDR) with adaptive loop gain strategy is presented. The proposed strategy enhances CDR jitter performance even if jitter spectrum information is limited a priori. By exploiting the inherent hard-nonlinearity of Bang-Bang Phase Detector (BBPD), the CDR loop gain is adaptively adjusted based on a posteriori jitter spectrum estimation. Maximizing advantages of analog and digital implementations, the proposed mixed-mode technique achieves PVT insensitive and power efficient loop gain adaptation for high speed applications even in limited ft technologies. A modified CML D-latch improves CDR input sensitivity and BBPD performance. A folded-cascode- based Charge Pump (CP) is proposed to minimize CP latency. The 5 G/10 G CDR prototype is fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS technology to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques for applications with high ratio of data-rate to ft. The proposed CDR recovers data with BER <; 2·10-13 and generates only 1.04 ps RMS and 7.5 ps peak-peak jitter. Jitter Tolerance (JTOL) test shows that the proposed CDR enhances low frequency jitter tracking and high frequency jitter filtering simultaneously for various jitter profiles. The CDR power consumption is 110.6 mW where only 3.9 mW is used for loop gain adaptation circuitry.
A Privacy-Preserving Distributed Optimal Scheduling for Interconnected Microgrids

With the development of microgrids (MGs), interconnected operation of multiple MGs is becoming a promising strategy for the smart grid. In this paper, a privacy-preserving distributed optimal scheduling method is proposed for the interconnected microgrids (IMG) with a battery energy storage system (BESS) and renewable energy resources (RESs). The optimal scheduling problem is modeled to minimize the coalitional operation cost of the IMG, including the fuel cost of conventional distributed generators and the life loss cost of BESSs. By using the framework of the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), a distributed optimal scheduling model and an iteration solution algorithm for the IMG is introduced; only the expected exchanging power (EEP) of each MG is required during the iterations. Furthermore, a privacy-preserving strategy for the sharing of the EEP among MGs is designed to work with the mechanism of the distributed algorithm. According to the security analysis, the EEP can be delivered in a cooperative and privacy-preserving way. A case study and numerical results are given in terms of the convergence of the algorithm, the comparison of the costs and the implementation efficiency.