Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do We Need to Delineate the Humeral Head in Breast Cancer Patients?

Simple Summary Humeral heads can be unintentionally exposed during breast radiotherapy, particularly when regional lymph nodes are targeted. The aim of this study was to analyze late adverse events involving the humeral head occurring after adjuvant locoregional breast radiotherapy. We included 159 breast cancer patients locoregionally irradiated in an adjuvant setting with helical tomotherapy. After a median delay of 48 months, 10 patients (6.06% (3.20–10.92%) of breasts treated) presented clinical events such as localized bone pain, shoulder functional limitation and humeral head fracture. The average mean and maximum doses to humeral heads were 9.18 Gy and 24.41 Gy, respectively, and were not statistically associated with humeral head adverse events. We found that clinical adverse events involving the humeral head after adjuvant helical tomotherapy for breast cancer were rare, and the radiation exposure was low. No correlation was found between dosimetric parameters and late toxicity. Abstract Humeral heads can be unintentionally exposed during breast radiotherapy, particularly when regional lymph nodes are targeted. Moreover, rotational intensity-modulated radiation therapy techniques, such as helical tomotherapy (HT), increase the low-dose bath, the consequences of which are subject to debate. The aim of this study was to analyze late adverse events involving humeral heads occurring after adjuvant locoregional breast radiotherapy with HT. This single-center retrospective study included 159 breast cancer patients locoregionally irradiated, including the regional lymph nodes, in an adjuvant setting with HT at Institut Curie (Paris, France), between January 2010 and 2016. After a median delay of 48 months, six patients (3.8%) developed localized bone pain, three (1.9%) developed a shoulder functional limitation and one (0.6%) developed a traumatic humeral head fracture. The average mean and maximum doses to humeral heads were 9.18 Gy and 24.41 Gy, respectively, and were not statistically associated with humeral head adverse events. Adverse events were statistically more frequent after mastectomy than after breast-conserving surgery. Berg’s level 1 and 2/3 irradiation, and right-sided radiotherapy were associated with an increased maximum dose. In summary, clinical adverse events were rare, and radiation exposure to humeral heads was low. No correlation was found between dosimetric parameters and late toxicity.
Implementation Approaches for Introducing and Overcoming Barriers to Hepatitis B Birth-Dose Vaccine in sub-Saharan Africa

We discuss determinants of hepatitis B birth-dose vaccine uptake in sub-Saharan Africa countries at the policy, facility, and community levels and propose solutions to known barriers of hepatitis B vaccine introduction in low- and middle-income countries. Key Findings A review of 39 articles outlining the experience of introducing the hepatitis B birth-dose (HepB-BD) vaccine in low- and middle-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa identifies the potential barriers to the vaccine's uptake. Empirical examples of policy makers targeting the mother's role to increase uptake of HepB-BD vaccine at the community level are strikingly scarce, and efforts to leverage community-level resources and reach remote areas have been limited. Key Implications We provide solutions that must be adapted to the local context to overcome the barriers to HepB-BD uptake identified across policy, facility, and community levels. Synergy must exist between policy, facility, and community level implementation for sub-Saharan African countries to effectively implement a universal HepB-BD vaccine immunization policy. For sub-Saharan African country policy makers to effectively implement a universal HepB-BD immunization policy, synergy must exist between the policy-, facility-, and community-level efforts. ABSTRACT In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), chronic viral hepatitis B (HBV) affects more than 60 million people. Mother-to-child transmission is a major contributor to the ongoing HBV epidemic and yet only 11 of 54 (20.3%) SSA countries have introduced the birth dose of HBV vaccine (HepB-BD) into their regular immunization schedule. As more African countries adopt HepB-BD, implementation approaches must be targeted to ensure effective and timely HepB-BD delivery, especially in rural and under-resourced settings. We conducted a systematic literature review of published literature using PubMed. We included 39 articles published from January 2010 to August 2020, as well as gray literature, case studies, and research performed in SSA. We describe barriers to the uptake of HepB-BD in SSA at the policy, facility, and community levels and propose solutions that are relevant to stakeholders wishing to introduce HepB-BD. We highlight the importance and challenge of reaching infants who are born outside of health care facilities (i.e., home deliveries) with HepB-BD in partnership with community health workers. We also discuss the critical role of maternal education and community engagement in future HepB-BD scale-up efforts in SSA.
Impact of the Veneering Technique and Framework Material on the Failure Loads of All-Ceramic Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing Fixed Partial Dentures

Objectives: Zirconia (Y-TZP) ceramics are considered as posterior fixed partial denture (FPD) materials; however, their applications are limited due to chipping. The use of monolithic lithium disilicate (LiDi) glass ceramics in posterior FPDs can be advantageous. This in vitro study aims to compare the loads until failure of posterior Y-TZP-FPDs and LiDi-FPDs before and after aging.
Environmental clearance conditions in impact assessment in India: moving beyond greenwash

ABSTRACT This paper examines the EIA process and its effectiveness in addressing the impacts of a 190 km long national highway project along the Karnataka coast. We analyse the quality and relevance of the environmental clearance conditions established by the Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) and discusses their potential implications. The findings underline that most of the conditions that pertained to the prevention of pollution, restoration of mangroves, and protection of biodiversity lacked a scientific basis and specific information required for effective implementation. The MoEF&CC also overlooked the social impact of the project and underplayed its own role in ensuring fair compensation to project affected communities for the loss of their land and other livelihoods. The paper concludes by promulgating a long list of irrelevant and ineffective environmental conditions that represent greenwashing because it could misguide affected communities and other stakeholders by creating the impression the state is exercising due diligence in protecting the environment.
What Makes Users Continue to Want to Use the Digital Platform? Evidence From the Ride-Hailing Service Platform in Vietnam

This study investigates the relationship between belief structures (perceived compatibility, self-efficacy, and subjective norm), behavioral adaptation, satisfaction, and continuance intention of a platform-based ride-hailing service called “Grab” in Vietnam. After applying a questionnaire-based survey method and convenience sampling for data collection, the study collected 439 responses from the current users of Grab. A structural equation modeling procedure was used to verify the hypotheses. The results revealed that, except for the relationship between perceived compatibility and behavioral adaptation, all belief structures positively affect behavioral adaptation and satisfaction. Furthermore, both satisfaction and behavioral adaptation positively affect the continuance intention. Our study also demonstrated the partial and full mediating role of behavioral adaptation between self-efficacy and continuance intention, and between subjective norm and continuance intention, respectively. Our study broadens the current understanding of the relationship mechanism between belief structures, behavioral adaptation, and continuance intention. Theoretically, this study is the first research into the relationships between belief structure, behavioral adaptation and continuance intention, and it also identifies the mediating effects of behavioral adaptation on continuance intention in the platform-based context. Additionally, our study offers insightful implications for firm managers to retain users effectively by boosting the factors contributing to continuance intention.
Water conservation through tillage

Water is one of the most important components of crop production system. The depleting level of ground water and uneven pattern of rainfall are the two main factors affecting water availability and also the yield levels of various crops. So efforts are needed to develop technologies to preserve water. At every stage and every operation of farm, a thought is to be given through the point of view of water conservation. In this process, it was thought to preserve water through tillage. To ascertain the water conservation and puddling performance of different tillage equipment, field trials were conducted at departmental research farm. Cultivator attached to the planker, pulverizing roller attachment to cultivator, and rotavator were evaluated. Puddling index, hydraulic conductivity and average infiltration rate were recorded in the field. It was found that puddling index was maximum in field puddled by rotavator (80.55%) and both hydraulic conductivity (after first 24 hours of puddling) and average infiltration rate were maximum in case of cultivator with planker (6.615 mm/day and, 2.51 mm/h, respectively). Ten days after puddling, there was 25.6% and 20.2% water saving by rotavator and cultivator with pulverising roller attachment, respectively over cultivator with planker.
Pretreatments and energy potentials of Appalachian hardwood residues for biofuel production

PRETREATMENTS AND ENERGY POTENTIALS OF APPALACHIAN HARDWOOD RESIDUES FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION by Adebayo Bamikole Adebola Continuous increase in crude oil price and environmental issues related to toxic emissions from the use of petroleum products has necessitated the need to find an alternative renewable source of energy in woody biomass. Accordingly, properties, chemical pretreatments, and enzymatic hydrolysis of logging residues to fermentable sugars were evaluated in this study. Logging residue specimens of yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) and red oak (Quercus rubra) were collected from fifteen previously harvested sites across West Virginia and then analyzed for their physical, chemical, and thermal properties. Results indicated that logging residues of yellow-poplar and red oak were dried in nature to a moisture content that ranged from 7.4% to 39%. Chemical analysis showed higher extractives and lignin contents for decayed wood samples collected in 2005 harvested sites. Heating value showed no significant difference between sapwood and heartwood residues of undecayed and decayed logging residues. The effects of low alkali mixtures and hydrogen peroxide solutions at 80°C over variable cook time were evaluated on sound and decayed wood residues of yellow-poplar and red oak using two chemical treatments: (1) ammonium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide (ASO) and (2) hydrogen peroxide/ ammonium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide (PASO) mixture. Effects of ultrasonication, microwave and hydrogen peroxide prior to enzymatic hydrolysis was also evaluated on yellow poplar residue. Results indicated wood hydrolysis rate increases with an increase in sodium hydroxide concentration and cook time for ASO and PASO chemical treatments on all wood residues. All observed alkali treatments showed little or no effect on the decomposition of lignin content of wood residues. Measured sugar content after alkali treatments and enzymatic hydrolysis ranged from 50 to 81 mg/ml from ASO/PASO treated yellow poplar and red oak residues. Enzymatic hydrolysis of ASO and PASO treated residues hydrolyzed approximately 61% of the original wood content, while over 80% of hardwood pulp fibers and paper wastes were digested to sugar. Ultrasonication reduced wood particles into nano scale sizes. During the chemical pretreatment wood, constituents were progressively hydrolyzed (ranged from 20-100%) with increases in temperature within 10 minutes of cook time in the microwave into high molecular weight sugars. Hydrolysis of wood particles in the pretreatment chemical was directly proportional to temperature and time, regardless of particle size. Sugar production via enzymatic hydrolysis from pretreated yellow-poplar residue gave comparable glucose yield range of 80 to 110 mg/ml when compared to lignin free cellulose.
Quality harvesting in the basement cut of sugarcane soil management systems

The mechanized harvesting of sugarcane has relevance across the crop production process and can be influence the cutting quality base for soil management systems. This study aimed to assess the damage caused to the mechanical harvesting of ratoon sugarcane raw relative wear of the base shear knives and soil management. The experimental design was completely randomized, factorial divided into two schemes which are: 2 different soil tillage (moldboard plow + average grade and heavy harrow + average grade) x 4 times of use of knives (0-2, 2-4 , 4-6 , 2-6(1)) and 10 repetitions , and 2 soil tillage (moldboard plow + harrow heavy, and heavy harrow + average grade) x 2 cutting discs (left and right ) x 20 repetitions, forming meshes regularly spaced 27 x 23 m, amounting to 100 repeats, or 50 replicates for each treatment in order to standardize the location of the samples taken. The variables evaluated were the mass loss of the knives of the base shear mechanism and the degree of damage to brass knuckles. The quality of mechanized harvesting of cane sugar is influenced by the soil management systems. Soil management with heavy grade + average grade has the highest quality of the harvesting operation in relation to the degree of damage to brass knuckles.
The U.S. DOE Accident Tolerant Fuel Development Program

The United States Fuel Cycle Research and Development Advanced Fuels Campaign has been given the responsibility to conduct research and development on enhanced accident tolerant fuels with the goal of performing a lead test assembly or lead test rod irradiation in a commercial reactor by 2022. The Advanced Fuels Campaign has defined fuels with enhanced accident tolerance as those that, in comparison with the standard UO2-Zircaloy system currently used by the nuclear industry, can tolerate loss of active cooling in the reactor core for a considerably longer time period (depending on the LWR system and accident scenario) while maintaining or improving the fuel performance during normal operations and operational transients, as well as design-basis and beyond design-basis events. This paper provides an overview of the FCRD Accident Tolerant Fuel program. The ATF attributes will be presented and discussed. Attributes identified as potentially important to enhance accident tolerance include reduced hydrogen generation (resulting from cladding oxidation), enhanced fission product retention under severe accident conditions, reduced cladding reaction with high-temperature steam, and improved fuel-cladding interaction for enhanced performance under extreme conditions. To demonstrate the enhanced accident tolerance of candidate fuel designs, metrics must be developed and evaluated using a combination of designmore » features for a given LWR design, potential improvements to that design, and the design of an advanced fuel/cladding system. The aforementioned attributes provide qualitative guidance for parameters that will be considered for fuels with enhanced accident tolerance. It may be unnecessary to improve in all attributes and it is likely that some attributes or combination of attributes provide meaningful gains in accident tolerance, while others may provide only marginal benefits. Thus, an initial step in program implementation will be the development of quantitative metrics. A companion paper in these proceedings provides an update on the status of establishing these quantitative metrics for accident tolerant LWR fuel.1 The United States FCRD Advanced Fuels Campaign has embarked on an aggressive schedule for development of enhanced accident tolerant LWR fuels. The goal of developing such a fuel system that can be deployed in the U.S. LWR fleet in the next 10 to 20 years supports the sustainability of clean nuclear power generation in the United States. « less
Double skin façade (DSF) technologies for UK office refurbishments: a systemic matchmaking practice

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to establish how UK offices and double skin facade (DSF) technologies can be best matched for refurbishment purposes. Design/methodology/approach – This research uses a mixed methodology including primary and secondary data collection, analysis and interpolation through document analysis, comprehensive critical literature review, and case study approach. Findings – In total, 22 benchmarks have been developed to represent 75 per cent of the existing office stock in the UK. Through a comparison with 36 case studies of European buildings refurbished with DSFs, two benchmarks showed to be most suitable for a DSF refurbishment and most appropriate configurations for a successful DSF refurbishment have been identified. Findings have been also checked against a large sample of DSF buildings in the UK. Research limitations/implications – The benchmarks delivered in this study can be developed further into parametric models, where variations can be obtained by changing the pa.
Study of target-catching simulation for aerodynamic missiles in soft-killing condition

Dilute chaff is an important soft-killing countermeasure which may decrease the catch capability of anti-ship missiles.Mathematic models are built based on the description of target-catching progress for anti-ship missiles.In the models the velocity direction error is introduced which can infect the catch probability,especially in confrontation.The relationship between the catch capability and system parameters is statistically analyzed through Monte Carlo simulation. Some valuable results are received through the comparison between non-chaff and dilute chaff.These results are of some value to the design of weapon systems.
QUALITY LOSS FUNCTION- A COMMON METHODOLOGY FOR THREE CASES

The quality loss function developed by Genichi Taguchi considers three cases, nominal-thebest, smaller-the-better, and larger-the-better. The methodology used to deal with the larger-thebetter case is slightly different than the other two cases. This research employs a term called target-mean ratio to propose a common formula for all three cases to bring about similarity among them. The target-mean ratio can take different values representing all three cases to bring consistency and simplicity in the model. In addition, it eliminates the assumption of target performance at an infinite level and brings the model closer to reality. Characteristics such as efficiency, coefficient of performance, and percent non-defective are presently not larger-thebetter characteristics due to the assumption of target performance at infinity and the subsequent necessary derivation of the formulae. These characteristics can also be brought under the category of the larger-the-better characteristics. An example of the efficiency of prime movers is discussed to illustrate that the efficiency can also be considered as a larger-the-better characteristic. A second example is presented to suggest the subtle differences between both methodologies.
A Report Examining The Socio-Economic Impact of the World Rally Championship 2007

The proposal is to develop a common approach to the monitoring and evaluation of World Rally Championship events.The first section of this report outlines the information on which rallies are currently evaluated, with a focus on spectator demographics and spending. In the second section, a purposive sample of rally reports is reviewed, with a summary of the main points; the reports are those events that took place in New Zealand (2007), Spain (2007), Portugal (2007) France (2005), Ireland (2007), and Germany (2007). The third section proposes and explains a common approach to the monitoring and evaluation of rallies, on the basis of spectator and other data, which should include assessments of rally attractiveness, organisational success and their economic impact.
High-temperature Characterization of a 1200 V Power Module with 36 mm2 of SiC VJFET Area

This is the first high-temperature static and dynamic characterization of a half-bridge power module using 1200 V, 45 mΩ depletion-mode vertical JFETs. With only 36 mm2 of JFET area, the peak pulsed current is measured to be nearly 500 A at room temperature (transistors not saturated), decreasing to 230 A at 250 °C (transistors saturated). Total switching losses are less than 3.2 mJ from 25 °C to 250 °C and show negligible dependence on junction temperature. The achievement of this level of performance with such a small SiC transistor area is important, since die area directly impacts achievable module footprint (system-level power density and cost), device capacitance (switching losses), and semiconductor cost.
Using New Technologies for Learning

Abstract While there is strong advocacy for schools to integrate the use of new technologies across the curriculum, an extensive literature highlights challenges facing schools undertaking such an agenda. This paper reports on the planning, implementation, and evaluation of a whole-school approach to using new technologies for teaching and learning in a senior secondary school in Australia. The paper provides an analysis of crucial factors in the effective use of computers for learning across the curriculum.
Positive Participatory Organizational Interventions: A Multilevel Approach for Creating Healthy Workplaces

In the following perspective paper, we argue for the importance of conducting research on positive participatory organizational interventions. We propose that these types of interventions are important because they not only focus on eliminating or reducing adverse job demands but focus also on developing job resources. To achieve the best effects, actions should be taken to address demands and resources at the individual, group, leader and organizational levels. We furthermore suggest that the participatory intervention process itself may also build resources at these four levels.
The Effect of Servant Leadership And Workplace Spirituality On Work Engagement Mediated By Public Service Motivation At The Department of Population And Civil Registration In Gianyar District

- Human resources are one of the factors that have a very important role in a company or organization. The decrease in work engagement resulted in the company not being able to run optimally. This study was conducted to identify and analyze the role of public service motivation in mediating servant leadership and workplace spirituality on work engagement. The population in this study were all employees of the Department of Population and Civil Registration of Gianyar Regency, amounting to 80 people consisting of 35 freelance daily workers (THL) and 45 civil servants. The method of determining the sample in this study used a saturated sample. Sampling in this study was conducted to all employees other than the head of the agency (Head of Service). This research uses the Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis technique. The results showed that servant leadership and Workplace spirituality had a positive but not significant effect on work engagement. Servant leadership and Workplace spirituality have a positive and significant effect on public service motivation. Public service motivation has a positive and significant effect on work engagement. Public service motivation partially mediates the influence of servant leadership and workplace spirituality on work engagement