Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Roadmap for network-based biocomputation

Network-based biocomputation (NBC) is an alternative, parallel computation approach that can potentially solve technologically important, combinatorial problems with much lower energy consumption than electronic processors. In NBC, a combinatorial problem is encoded into a physical, nanofabricated network. The problem is solved by biological agents (such as cytoskeletal filaments driven by molecular motors) that explore all possible pathways through the network in a massively parallel and highly energy-efficient manner. Whereas there is currently a rapid development in the size and types of problems that can be solved by NBC in proof-of-principle experiments, significant challenges still need to be overcome before NBC can be scaled up to fill a technological niche and reach an industrial level of manufacturing. Here, we provide a roadmap that identifies key scientific and technological needs. Specifically, we identify technology benchmarks that need to be reached or overcome, as well as possible solutions for how to achieve this. These include methods for large-scale production of nanoscale physical networks, for dynamically changing pathways in these networks, for encoding information onto biological agents, for single-molecule readout technology, as well as the integration of each of these approaches in large-scale production. We also introduce figures of merit that help analyze the scalability of various types of NBC networks and we use these to evaluate scenarios for major technological impact of NBC. A major milestone for NBC will be to increase parallelization to a point where the technology is able to outperform the current run time of electronic processors. If this can be achieved, NBC would offer a drastic advantage in terms of orders of magnitude lower energy consumption. In addition, the fundamentally different architecture of NBC compared to conventional electronic computers may make it more advantageous to use NBC to solve certain types of problems and instances that are easy to parallelize. To achieve these objectives, the purpose of this roadmap is to identify pre-competitive research domains, enabling cooperation between industry, institutes, and universities for sharing research and development efforts and reducing development cost and time.
The Accuracy of Patient-Specific Spinal Drill Guides Is Non-Inferior to Computer-Assisted Surgery: The Results of a Split-Spine Randomized Controlled Trial

In recent years, patient-specific spinal drill guides (3DPGs) have gained widespread popularity. Several studies have shown that the accuracy of screw insertion with these guides is superior to that obtained using the freehand insertion technique, but there are no studies that make a comparison with computer-assisted surgery (CAS). The aim of this study was to determine whether the accuracy of insertion of spinal screws using 3DPGs is non-inferior to insertion via CAS. A randomized controlled split-spine study was performed in which 3DPG and CAS were randomly assigned to the left or right sides of the spines of patients undergoing fixation surgery. The 3D measured accuracy of screw insertion was the primary study outcome parameter. Sixty screws inserted in 10 patients who completed the study protocol were used for the non-inferiority analysis. The non-inferiority of 3DPG was demonstrated for entry-point accuracy, as the upper margin of the 95% CI (−1.01 mm–0.49 mm) for the difference between the means did not cross the predetermined non-inferiority margin of 1 mm (p < 0.05). We also demonstrated non-inferiority of 3D angular accuracy (p < 0.05), with a 95% CI for the true difference of −2.30°–1.35°, not crossing the predetermined non-inferiority margin of 3° (p < 0.05). The results of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) showed that 3DPGs provide a non-inferior alternative to CAS in terms of screw insertion accuracy and have considerable potential as a navigational technique in spinal fixation.
Incidence of Chryseobacterium spp. in raw milk and some dairy products

A total of 225 random samples of raw cow milk (150), Kareish cheese, Domiati cheese and butter (25 samples each), were collected from various farmers’ houses, dairy shops, street vendors and supermarkets located at Aswan city, Egypt, to be examined by culture and molecular methods in which 16S rRNA gene was used; the obtained PCR product was then purified and sequenced to detect the existence of Chryseobacterium spp. All cheese and butter samples didn’t show the characteristic colonies of Chryseobacterium spp. , while two raw cow milk samples exhibited the characteristic Chryseobacterium colonies. The suspected Chryseobacterium spp. were confirmed by PCR and DNA sequencing and comparing the sequenced DNA with those on GenBank using the BLAST tool on GenBank, underlining its occurrence in raw cow milk samples with an incidence of 1.3%. The isolated strains showed the highest similarity with Chryseobacterium jip 108/83 (100%). According to obtained data and our knowledge, it is the first time to isolate Chryseobacterium spp. from raw milk in Egypt. The isolated strains were registered on the GenBank with the proposed names Chryseobacterium Egyam strain AM1 (Accession No. MK059947) and Chryseobacterium Egyam strain AM2 (Accession No. MK059948). A constructed phylogenetic tree by using the neighbour-joining method was applied to detect the exact taxonomic position of the obtained strains.
Evaluation of neuro-sensory disturbances of the inferior alveolar nerve after ORIF procedure in mandibular fracture: 
a systematic review

Introduction: Mandibular fracture can cause displacement of bones and affect the nerve that can lead to neuro-sensory disturbances of inferior alveolar nerve. Disturbances can vary among patients due to severity of the fracture and invasion of the procedure. It is important to evaluate these disturbances to inform patients and improve treatment results. Objectives: To evaluate neuro-sensory disturbances of inferior alveolar nerves after open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) procedure in mandibular fracture. Material and methods: This review used PubMed, Science Direct, SpringerLink, SCOPUS, Medline, and Cochrane databases as bibliographic resources. Studies with matching key words were analysed and screened with PRISMA recommendations. Results: A total of 133 studies were reviewed, but only twelve were included in this evaluation. 44.4% of mandibular cases treated with ORIF suffered from neuro-sensory disturbances. Cases were mostly evaluated objectively by clinical neuro-sensory testing (CNST) with Zuniga-Essick algorithm, and subjectively with questioner with visual analogue scale (VAS) scoring system. Post-operative evaluation was performed in 75% in the first week, and 58% of patients were continued to be evaluated in the sixth month. Conclusions: Neuro-sensory disturbance is the main risk of ORIF procedure in mandibular fracture management. Subjective and objective evaluation is important to obtain information about disturbances due to difficulties for patients to express their feeling. Periodic evaluation should be performed to monitor disturbances recovery.
Pitch discrimination is better for synthetic timbre than natural musical instrument timbres despite familiarity

Pitch discrimination is better for complex tones than pure tones, but how pitch discrimination differs between natural and artificial sounds is not fully understood. This study compared pitch discrimination thresholds for flat-spectrum harmonic complex tones with those for natural sounds played by musical instruments of three different timbres (violin, trumpet, and flute). To investigate whether natural familiarity with sounds of particular timbres affects pitch discrimination thresholds, this study recruited non-musicians and musicians who were trained on one of the three instruments. We found that flautists and trumpeters could discriminate smaller differences in pitch for artificial flat-spectrum tones, despite their unfamiliar timbre, than for sounds played by musical instruments, which are regularly heard in everyday life (particularly by musicians who play those instruments). Furthermore, thresholds were no better for the instrument a musician was trained to play than for other instruments, suggesting that even extensive experience listening to and producing sounds of particular timbres does not reliably improve pitch discrimination thresholds for those timbres. The results show that timbre familiarity provides minimal improvements to auditory acuity, and physical acoustics (e.g., the presence of equal-amplitude harmonics) determine pitch discrimination thresholds more than does experience with natural sounds and timbre-specific training.
Angiostrongylus vasorum, Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, Crenosoma vulpis and Troglostrongylus brevior Infections in Native Slug Populations of Bavaria and Baden-Wuerttemberg in Germany

Angiostrongylus vasorum, Crenosoma vulpis, Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Troglostrongylus brevior can cause severe cardiovascular and pulmonary symptoms in companion animals and wildlife. Recently, these nematodes were reported to spread within Europe and South America. The reasons behind this are still unknown, but obligate gastropod intermediate host populations might play a role. Therefore, lungworm infections in terrestrial slug populations in selected geographic areas of the Federal States of Bavaria and of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany, were studied. In total, 517 slugs (462 Arion spp., 51 Deroceras reticulatum, one Limax maximus, and three unknown slug species) were collected in the summer and autumn seasons, artificially digested and microscopically and molecularly analyzed for the presence of metastrongyloid lungworm larvae. Overall, gastropods showed a prevalence of 11.61% (60/517) for A. vasorum, 1.74% (9/517) for A. abstrusus, 0.77% (4/517) for C. vulpis and 0.97% (5/517) for T. brevior infections, respectively. In Obrigheim (Baden-Wuerttemberg), a hyperendemic focus of canine angiostrongylosis was identified. Here, gastropod infection rates rose from 13.60% (17/125) to 62.96% (34/54) within a few months. In total, 25.61% (84/328) of analysed terrestrial gastropods from Baden-Wuerttemberg were positive for metastrongyloids. In contrast, Bavarian gastropods showed a much lower prevalence of 4.76% (9/189). For the first time, the presence of T. brevior was confirmed for Arion spp. in Baden-Wuerttemberg via molecular analyses. Overall, the current data confirm that canine angiostrongylosis occurs in hyperendemic foci in certain geographic areas with high infection rates in intermediate host populations. As a result, the prevalence for a specific region can rise remarkably within a short period of time. Thus, for a better understanding of lungworm epidemiology in Germany and to protect dogs from angiostrongylosis in hyperendemic foci, it seems mandatory to enhance current efforts on Metastrongyloidea-targeted monitoring on a geographical and time span-related level.
Disinfectant as Removal Agent of the Pre-Formed Biofilm by Staphylococcus sp. Isolated from Dental Clinics in Taif, KSA

Background and purpose: Staphylococcus sp. are pathogenic bacteria widely investigated for its high incidence in clinical environments and its ability to form strong biofilms. The biofilm-related infections can resist several antimicrobial agents; therefore, the therapy of these infections may face difficulties. The aim of this study is to identify staphylococcal bacteria isolated from dental clinics, evaluate the effect of some disinfectants on removing the preformed biofilms and to demonstrate the adhesion of cells on the surfaces of some materials used for manufacturing the dental material using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Material and Methods: Out of 70 different swabs, 12 Staphylococcal isolates were recovered. All isolates were subjected to 13 antimicrobial agents to test their sensitivity. The biofilm established isolates, as well as the effect of some disinfectant as removal agents of the preformed biofilm were estimated using microtiter plate (MtP) test. SEM was used for demonstrating biofilm formation by the tested isolates on stainless steel and rubber surfaces. Results: Of 12 Staphylococcus isolates, 33.3, 16.6 and 50% were shown strong, moderate and weak biofilm producers, respectively. Adhesions of the preformed biofilm were found to be reduced in the presence of betadine and sodium bicarbonate. Captured photographs by SEM confirmed the capability of biofilm formation by S. aureus H3 and S. hominis M0401 on stainless steel and rubber surfaces. Conclusion: the effective preventive strategies for infection control are essential to prevent staphylococcal infections in the dental clinics. This study reveals effective antibiofilm agents as betadine and sodium bicarbonate.
Clipping versus Division of Sympathetic Chain in Thoracoscopic Sympathectomy for Treatment of Primary Palmar Hyperhidrosis

Background: The most successful therapy for palmar hyperhidrosis (PH) has been established as endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy. In this research, sympathetic chain interruptions have been compared on the basis of whether the clipping or division by ablation method used to have an influence on the long-term results of patients who received thoracoscopic sympathectomy for primary PH. Aim of the work: To evaluate the efficiency, safety, advantages and disadvantages of thoracoscopic sympathetic chain Division versus thoracoscopic sympathetic chain clipping in management of primary palmar hyperhidrosis. Patients and methods: A prospective and randomized clinical trial was conducted from March 2021 to November 2021 in the AL-Azhar University Hospitals' Department of General Surgery (AL-Hussein and Sayed Galal) in Cairo, Egypt, involving twenty eligible consecutive people who suffer from primary palmar hyperhidrosis who were managed with bilateral, thoracoscopic sympathectomy by cutting the sympathetic chain (group A) or applying endo-clips (group B). Results: In terms of hand dryness after 24 hours, there was a highly statistically significant difference between the groups investigated. In group A, all patients showed significant dryness of the hand on the spot or within the first 24 hours, while only 1 (10%) patient in group B showed complete dryness within the first 24 hours. In group B, 8 (80%) patients showed nearly dry hand and 1 (10%) patients showed wet hand on spot. Conclusion: Endoscopic sympathetic block (ESB) is at least as effective as endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy in the therapy of primary palmar hyperhidrosis, but ESB has the advantage of reversibility. groups. In group A, all patients 10 (100%) showed significant dryness of the hand on the spot or within the first 24 hours, while only 1 (10%) patient in group B showed complete dryness within the first 24 hours (p= 0.0002). In group B, 8 (80%) patients showed nearly dry hand and 1 (10%) patients showed wet hand on spot or in the first 24 hours. There was no statistically significant difference (p-value > 0.05) between the examined groups based on dryness of combined hand and axilla, compensatory sweat, and patient satisfaction.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and Perceived Mental and Physical Health of People Living with Non-Communicable Diseases: An International Cross-Sectional Survey

The huge burden and vulnerability imposed by non-communicable diseases (NCDs) during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted how healthy lifestyle behaviors and the well-being of people living with NCDs need to be prioritized. The aim of our study is to better understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthy lifestyle behaviors and perceived mental and physical health among adults living with NCDs, as compared to people without NCDs. We conducted a cross-sectional study using a global online survey through Qualtrics. Over four months, 3550 participants from 65 countries worldwide responded to the survey. The study included 3079 surveys with no missing data (complete survey responses) that were used for analysis. People with NCDs were more likely to report statistically significant worsening physical health (p = 0.001) and statistically insignificant worsening mental health (p = 0.354) when compared to pre-pandemic levels. They reported lower rates of smoking during the pandemic than those without NCDs, and a statistically significant (p < 0.001) relationship was found between weight gain and NCDs. Therefore, the perceived physical and mental health, including changes in body weight and tobacco consumption, of people with NCDs were significantly impacted during the pandemic. In conclusion, this study indicates that the pandemic had a significant impact on perceived physical and mental health, changes in body weight, and tobacco consumption among people with NCDs.
Reduced choroidal peripapillary capillaries in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy with early stage of dysthyroid optic neuropathy.

AIM To investigate whether the subtle change of choroidal/retinal vessel densities and volumes in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) could be an early sign to detect dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON). METHODS This was a retrospective cross-sectional study, and a total of 98 eyes from 50 subjects were enrolled under certain criteria. Thirty-four eyes of normal controls and 64 eyes of TAO, including 39 eyes of DON and 25 eyes of TAO without DON, underwent optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) scanning. All the tested parameters of OCTA scanning including choroid radial peripapillary capillaries (RPC), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) were compared among groups, and the correlation between OCTA parameters and visual function parameters was also investigated. RESULTS Whole choroidal RPC was significantly reduced in DON (48.24%±0.4978%) compared to normal (50.33%±0.3173%) and TAO without DON (49.16%±0.5463%; P=0.0041). The reduction of whole choroidal RPC was also correlated with visual field (VF) defect in DON (r=0.5422, n=39). Although vision acuity and VF were improved in all the patients with DON after being treated with medical and surgical decompression, the reduction of RPC density were not reversed. CONCLUSION There is a notable reduction in choroidal RPC in DON, which is correlated with VF defect. The reduction of RPC density could not be reversed immediately by medical and surgical decompression even when vision and VF were improved. These findings suggest that choroidal RPC could be a useful parameter to diagnose and monitor early stage of DON.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF QUOTED MANUFACTURING AND OIL AND GAS FIRMS IN NIGERIA

This study carried out a comparative study on influence of the financial management practices on the performance of the quoted manufacturing and oil and gas firms in Nigeria. The study specifically assessed the financial management practices and return on equity of the manufacturing firms to determine whether they are significantly different from those of oil and gas firms. The ex post facto research design was used. Data were obtained from the annual reports and accounts of the sampled firms of both sectors for the period 2006-2020. A purposive simple random sampling was adopted to select sample from 52 manufacturing firms and 11 oil and gas firms. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression model were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that strategic financial management practices jointly had significant effect on return on equity of listed manufacturing (Adj. R2 = 0.0046, Chi2(5) = 64.07, p < 0.05) and oil and gas firms (Adj. R2 = 0.555, F(5,114) = 30.78, p < 0.05). The regression results revealed that debt finance has a positive and insignificant relationship with return on equity of both sectors. Investing activities, dividend payout, working capital, and total asset turnover had negative effect on return on equity of the manufacturing firms but positive effect in oil and gas firms in Nigeria. The study recommended that the investors should consider appropriate variables that help them determine choice of a sector for investment purpose before they commit their hard earned resources
Effect of pH on Adsorption of Cu2+ by Using Composite of Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/Kaolin

The existence of copper ions in the aquatic environment at a high level can cause negative repercussions for living organisms due to the toxic effect of bioaccumulation in the food chain. Hence, a profound effort is imperative to remove them from water effectively. Among feasible alternatives, a composite film made of PVA and kaolin is reviewed for copper removal via an adsorption mechanism. In this paper, the removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using PVA/Kaolin composite film has been studied with initial copper ions concentration within the range of 50 and 100 ppm and pH of the aqueous solution being controlled at 4, 7, and 9. The loading of 3 wt% kaolin in PVA shows the best adsorption performance in removing 99.14% of 50 ppm copper with an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 5.379 mg g-1 at pH 7. The composite can maintain the adsorption performance for the removal of 100 ppm copper solution at 96.26%.
Marketing Communication Menggunakan Augmented Reality pada Mobile Platform

Augmented Reality is a technology that can project objects from the virtual world to the real world. Augmented Reality continues to be developed so it can be easy to implement into various devices. However, the device must have a camera, VGA card, and the ability to process data that is high enough to be able to process and projecting graphical data that captured by the camera and displayed to the screen. Marker-based Augmented Reality is still better than Markerless Augmented Reality due to several issues such as disturbances in the geomagnetic sensor that is used to map the Y axis and Z device that belongs to the user.
A Standalone Energy Management System of Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicles Using Model Predictive Control

In this article, a standalone model predictive control (MPC) based energy management strategy (EMS) is proposed for the hybrid energy storage system in electric vehicles. The proposed EMS does not require any knowledge of vehicle speed or future demands, so it can be implemented as a standalone system without interfacing with the motor drive system. Furthermore, only one tuning parameter is used to adjust the performance of the proposed MPC-based EMS. The cost function is made of the deviation of the predicted supercapacitor (SC) voltage from its desired value and the difference between the battery current and its steady-state value. Furthermore, the constraints on the battery current rate and the SC voltage will be enforced when solving the optimization problem of EMS. Based on the finite set of battery current references, the online optimal solution can be implemented in the experiment. Then, the fast convergent current control is designed to track the optimal current reference using a continuous control set MPC. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, the comparison with the rule-based EMS will be presented in simulation and experiments.