Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘The billion dollar question’: embedding prevention in older people’s services-10 ‘high impact’ changes

Society is going through huge change. People are living longer than ever before, and the proportion of older people in our society is growing. We have different social values, and we expect more choice and control over all areas of our life, including public services. And too often the existing system does not live up to the expectations of those who depend upon it. A radical rethink of the care and support system is needed to address these challenges. Otherwise, it is likely that families, including dependent children within the family, will be under pressure to provide inappropriate levels of care, and in some cases people will go without support. If we fail to get a grip with these long-term issues we will fail to provide quality of life for potentially large groups of people, and consequently demand for NHS services will increase inappropriately. (HM Government, 2008, p.8)
Surface pollen deposition on glacier forelands in southern Norway I: local patterns of representation and source area at Storbreen, Jotunheimen

The relationship between vegetation and surface pollen deposition is examined at Storbreen glacier foreland where a clear plant succession exists. The aim is to determine whether the distinct plant communities present produce characteristic pollen assemblages. The influence of environmental factors is also considered. Pollen assemblages from moss polsters, collected from 22 paired sampling sites across the foreland, are compared with local vegetation. Two-way indicator species analysis and detrended correspondence analysis are employed to identify clusters and sequences, initially in the vegetation data and subsequently in the pollen data sets. Vegetation and pollen data are compared simultaneously using canonical correspondence analysis. Three main plant communities are distinguished: pioneer, heath and snowbed. Broadly, each community produces characteristic pollen assemblages. Boundaries between groups are not clear-cut, reflecting the mosaic of plant communities present. Recognition of distinct plant communities is hampered by the prevalence of long-distance arboreal pollen and poor representation of entomophillously pollinated taxa. Late in the succession up to 78% of pollen could originate locally. Use of the non-arboreal pollen sum significantly improves correspondence with vegetation. The importance of indicator taxa is considered and both Salix and Empetrum are found to distinguish successfully early phases of succession from later phases. Strong correlations exist between the primary ordination axes of vegetation and pollen and with terrain age and altitude (for example, the correlation between altitude and total land pollen Axis 1 is r= -0.76). The surface data add new information to the interpretation of tree colonization in the area during the Holocene.
Petrology and depositional environments of the Beck Spring Dolomite (Precambrian), Kingston Range, California

ABSTRACT The Beck Spring Dolomite (upper Precambrian), Kingston Range, California, is divided into three informal members: lower laminated--150 to 200 m thick, composed of alternating laminae of pelletal and mosaic dolomite; middle oolitic--100 to 150 m thick, composed of mosaic dolomite with oolite, pisolite, and grapestone; and upper cherty--100 to 150 m thick, similar to the middle oolitic member except that it includes stromatolites and has been partially silicified and dedolomitized. Textural evidence suggests that the lower laminated member was deposited in a supratidal environment, and the middle and upper members in shallow, agitated waters of a subtidal environment. The characteristics of the Beck Spring Dolomite are similar to those of sediments now being deposited in parts of the Ba ama Banks.
The Release Kinetics of Melatonin from Innovative Dosage Forms: The Role of the Fractal Geometry

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an antioxidant active pharmaceutical ingredient with numerous applications as medicine and nutraceutical. Melatonin, a hormone synthesized by the pineal gland, has a significant role in the regulation of the circadian biological clock. The aim of this chapter is to present the conventional solid and liquid forms (i.e., tables, capsules, suspensions, etc.) and the nanoformulations (i.e., liposomes, niosomes, polymeric nanoparticles, chitosomes, calcium alginate beads, etc.) of melatonin and to give special attention to its release kinetics from the pharmaceutical vehicle. These systems have been designed and developed as platforms for the delivery and release of melatonin. In all cases, the controlled release of melatonin is the main goal of its loading into drug delivery platforms. Fractal analysis is a mathematical tool to quantify nature and physical systems’ complexity. These systems have been characterized as fractal objects, due to their fractional dimensions. In this chapter, we are probing the interrelationship between the fractal dimension of pharmaceutical vehicle and the release profile of melatonin. Several examples will be given in order to understand in depth the reason of controlledrelease profile of melatonin and its added value for the development of a new medicine and/or nutraceutical.
Origin of Earth's ground noise from 2 to 20 mHz

Long‐period seismology probes the Earth's interior through the seismic passband in a period range from 50 to 500 s. The limitation of seismic transparency in this band is known but the source of limitation has been a long‐standing puzzle. Here we report evidence that the transparency is limited, over the entire passband, by fundamental Rayleigh waves excited by global and random sources in a thin layer just above the Earth's surface.
Creep behavior of Fe‐bearing olivine under hydrous conditions

To understand the effect of iron content on the creep behavior of olivine, (MgxFe(1 − x))2SiO4, under hydrous conditions, we have conducted tri‐axial compressive creep experiments on samples of polycrystalline olivine with Mg contents of x = 0.53, 0.77, 0.90, and 1. Samples were deformed at stresses of 25 to 320 MPa, temperatures of 1050° to 1200°C, a confining pressure of 300 MPa, and a water fugacity of 300 MPa using a gas‐medium high‐pressure apparatus. Under hydrous conditions, our results yield the following expression for strain rate as a function of iron content for 0.53 ≤ x ≤ 0.90 in the dislocation creep regime: ε˙=ε˙0.901−x0.11/2exp226×1030.9−xRT . In this equation, the strain rate of San Carlos olivine, ε˙0.90 , is a function of T, σ, and fH2O . As previously shown for anhydrous conditions, an increase in iron content directly increases creep rate. In addition, an increase in iron content increases hydrogen solubility and therefore indirectly increases creep rate. This flow law allows us to extrapolate our results to a wide range of mantle conditions, not only for Earth's mantle but also for the mantle of Mars.
Rheotactic Macaronichnus, and Human and Cattle Trackways in Holocene Beachrock, Greece: Reconstruction of Paleoshoreline Orientation

Macaronichnus segregatis occurs in an upper foreshore conglomeratic to sandy beachrock dating from Roman times, on the east coast of Rhodes, Greece. In some laminae, M. segregatis is strongly oriented perpendicularly to the Recent and Holocene seashore. In other laminae, this trace fossil displays a winding to spiral course. These forms are introduced as new ichnosubspecies, M. segregatis lineiformis, M. segregatis maeandriformis and M. segregatis spiriformis, respectively. It is suggested that these middle-tier trace fossils were produced under conditions of different porewater flow. During higher energy periods, predominantly in winter, water movement perpendicular to the coastline caused M. segregatis to be oriented rheotactically. During periods of more or less stationary pore-water, predominantly in summer, M. segregatis assumed a spiral form. The winding form represents intermediate conditions. Closely beneath the Macaronichnus horizons a large burrow fill was found, probably referable to Psilonichnus isp. In the same beachrock are undertracks attributed to artiodactyls, associated with tracks and a trackway of human origin. The anatomy of the tracks indicates the direction of travel of the trackmakers, eastward and westward along-shore in all cases but one. The morphology of the tracks has been influenced by the gravitational effect of beach slope. Orientation, morphology and structure of trace fossils provide clear evidence that the sandstone and gravel unit is a beachrock and reveal the precise orientation of the paleoshoreline.
Linking south China to northern Australia and India on the margin of Gondwana: Constraints from detrital zircon U‐Pb and Hf isotopes in Cambrian strata

Cambrian sedimentary rocks in the southern part of the South China Craton were derived from a source that lay to the south or southeast, beyond the current limits of the craton and which is no longer preserved nearby. U‐Pb ages and Hf isotope data on detrital zircons from the Cambrian sequence define two distinctive age peaks at 1120 Ma and 960 Ma, with εHf(t) values for each group identical to the coeval detrital zircons from Western Australia and the Tethyan Himalaya zone, respectively. The circa 1120 Ma detrital zircons were most likely derived from the Wilkes‐Albany‐Fraser belt between southwest Australia and Antarctica, whereas the circa 960 Ma detrital zircons could have been sourced from the Rayner‐Eastern Ghats belt between India and Antarctica. Derivation of detritus from these sources suggests that south China was located at the nexus between India, Antarctica, and Australia, along the northern margin of East Gondwana during the Cambrian.
A new numerical scheme to compute 3D configurations of quasiequilibrium compact stars in general relativity -- Application to synchronously rotating binary star systems --

We have developed a new numerical scheme to obtain quasiequilibrium structures of nonaxisymmetric compact stars such as binary neutron star systems as well as the spacetime around those systems in general relativity. Concerning quasiequilibrium states of binary systems in general relativity, several investigations have been already carried out by assuming conformal flatness of the spatial part of the metric. However, the validity of the conformally flat treatment has not been fully analyzed except for axisymmetric configurations. Therefore it is desirable to solve quasiequilibrium states by developing totally different methods from the conformally flat scheme. In this paper we present a new numerical scheme to solve directly the Einstein equations for 3D configurations without assuming conformal flatness, although we make use of the simplified metric for the spacetime. This new formulation is the extension of the scheme which has been successfully applied for structures of axisymmetric rotating compact stars in general relativity. It is based on the integral representation of the Einstein equations by taking the boundary conditions at infinity into account. We have checked our numerical scheme by computing equilibrium sequences of binary polytropic star systems in Newtonian gravity and those of axisymmetric polytropic stars in general relativity. We have applied this numerical code to binary star systems in general relativity and have succeeded in obtaining several equilibrium sequences of synchronously rotating binary polytropes with the polytropic indices N = 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0.
The effect of tree-level and mean-field improvement on the light-hadron spectrum in quenched QCD . UKQCD Collaboration

We compute the light hadron mass spectrum at β = 5.7 using the O(a)improved Sheikholeslami-Wohlert (SW) fermion action with two choices of the clover coefficient: the classical value, c = 1, and a mean-field or tadpoleimproved estimate c = 1.57. We compare our results with those of the GF11 Collaboration who use the Wilson fermion action (c = 0). We find that changing c from zero to 1 and 1.57 leads to significant differences in the masses of the chirally extrapolated and strange pseudoscalar and vector mesons, the nucleon, the ∆, and also in the Edinburgh plot. A number of other quantities, for example mV −m 2 PS, J , amK/amρ and amK∗/amρ do not appear to change significantly. We also investigate the effect of changing the lattice volume from approximately (2 fm) to (2.6 fm). We find that the meson masses are consistent to within one standard deviation and baryon masses are consistent to within two standard deviations. PACS : 11.15. Ha, 12.38. Gc, 14.65. Bt
Effects of chemical composition, water and temperature on physical properties of continental crust

We explore the influence of major elements chemistry and H2O‐content on the density and seismic velocity of crustal rocks by computing stable and metastable crustal mineralogy and elastic properties as a function of pressure and temperature (P‐T). Proposed average compositions of continental crust result in significantly different properties, for example a difference in computed density of ∼ 4 % is obtained at a given P‐T. Phase transformations affect crustal properties at the point that crustal seismic discontinuities can be explained with mineral reactions rather than chemical stratification. H2O, even if introduced in small amount in the chemical system, has an effect on physical properties comparable to that attributed to variations in major elements composition. Thermodynamical relationships between physical properties differ significantly from commonly used empirical relationships. Density models obtained by inverting CRUST 1.0 compressional wave velocity are different from CRUST 1.0 density and translate into variations in isostatic topography and gravitational field that ranges ±600 m and ±150 mGal respectively. Inferred temperatures are higher than reference geotherms in the upper crust and in the deeper portions of thick orogenic crust, consistently with presence of metastable rocks. Our results highlight interconnections/dependencies among chemistry, pressure, temperature, seismic velocities and density that need to be addressed to better understand the crustal thermo‐chemical state.
Air Quality Impacts of Atmospheric Particles & Trace Gases: Field Studies in Diverse Environments

BY: George Ruchathi Mwaniki, Ph.D. Washington State University December 2012 Chair: Timothy VanReken Air pollution impacts occur at all scales, meaning that policies and air quality management practices must be implemented and coordinated at the local, regional, national, and global scales. This dissertation is part of a continuing effort to improve our understanding of various air quality related issues in different environments. The dissertation consists of four studies. In the first study, wintertime chemical composition of water-soluble particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) was monitored in the Treasure Valley region near Boise, Idaho. This study was aimed at understanding the major drivers of wintertime PM2.5 within the locality of Boise and its suburbs. From this study, organics and particulate nitrate were the dominant contributors to the PM2.5 mass during wintertime. In the second study, particle size distribution, light scattering coefficient, speciated water soluble PM2.5,
Milestones in Drug Therapy

Despite extensive diagnostic and therapeutic efforts, breast cancer remains the second leading cause of female cancer mortality in affluent countries. Because receptor tyrosine kinases of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor [EGFR, also ErbB] family are potent gatekeepers of cell fate decisions, their aberrations rank among the most frequent oncogenic insults in breast cancers. Although monoclonal antibodies and kinase inhibitors that intercept ErbB signalling can effectively inhibit progression of mammary tumours, their efficacy remains confined to a specific subset of patients. This review highlights not only the oncogenic derangements of the ErbB network in breast cancer including growth factor or receptor over-expression, but also additional loss or gain of multiple negative and positive network regulators, which override physiological mechanisms of systems control embedded in the ErbB network. We further envisage strategies to specifically target tumours at their unique network hubs, to circumvent resistance to ErbB-targeting agents and focus on network fragility exposed by oncogenic perturbations or, conversely, by targeted therapies.
Small Vth Shift and Low Dynamic Ron in GaN MOSHEMT With ZrO2 Gate Dielectric

The OFF-state stress-induced threshold voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) instability and dynamic ON-resistance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor high-electron mobility transistor (MOSHEMT) with ZrO2 gate dielectric are thoroughly investigated. Upon negative gate bias stressing, a small threshold voltage shift of −0.31 V is observed and the deviation is attributed to the emission of electrons at the ZrO2/AlGaN interface. An emission activation energy of 0.28 eV and a capture activation energy of 0.30 eV are extracted by threshold voltage transient spectroscopy performed at various temperatures. When the device is exposed to OFF-state drain–source bias stressing, the drain current is found to decrease despite negative shift of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. A low dynamic <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 2.05 is obtained by time-resolved measurements, given a 50-V drain voltage stressing for a duration of 100 s. The decrease in forward conductance is related to the capture of electrons in the access region, with a capture activation energy of 0.18 eV revealed by temperature-dependent drain current transient (DCT) analysis. The results indicate that high-quality ZrO2 represents an attractive high-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> gate dielectric option for GaN MOSHEMTs in power switching electronics.
Impact of sett placement methods and row directions on growth and yield of sugarcane variety LRK-2001.

A field study to evaluate the “impact of sett placement methods and row directions on growth and yield of sugarcane variety LRK-2001” was carried out at Sugarcane Section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam during spring 2012. The experiment was laid out in a three replicated randomized complete block design with factorial arrangements, having net plot size 6 x 5m (30 m). The treatments included six sett placement methods i.e. SPM1=60 cm apart row (Set-to Set placement), SPM2=75 cm apart row (Sett-to-Sett placement), SPM3=90 cm apart row (Sett-to-Sett placement), SPM4=60 cm apart row (Alternate Sett Placement), SPM5=75 cm apart row (Alternate Sett Placement) and SPM6=90 cm apart row (Alternate Sett Placement), and two row directions viz. RD1=North-South row direction and RD2=East-West row direction. The results indicated that the effect of sett placement methods and row directions on all the agronomic parameters of sugarcane variety LRK-2001 was significant (P 0.05) for brix (%) and recovery (%). The sowing of sugarcane in 90 cm apart rows by sett-to-sett placement method resulted in 147.6073 thousand plants ha, 244.68 cm cane length, 3.31 cm cane girth, 6.32 tillers stool, 19.54 internodes cane, 15.78 kg 10 canes weight, 96.878 tons ha cane yield, 22.78 % brix and 10.98 % sugar recovery; while crop sown in 90 cm apart rows by alternate sett placement method recorded 134.8082 thousand plants ha, 245.50 cm cane length, 3.33 cm cane girth, 6.33 tillers stool, 19.61 internodes cane, 15.88 kg 10 canes weight, 92.775 tons ha cane yield, 23.34 % brix content and 11.21 % sugar recovery. In case of sugarcane crop planted in 75 cm apart rows by alternate sett placement method, the cane yield decreased to 91.185 tons ha and crop planted in 75 cm apart rows by sett-to-sett placement method produced cane yield of 88.436 tons ha. Planting in 60 cm apart rows by alternate sett placement method produced cane yield of 87.281 tons ha and 60 cm apart rows by sett-to-sett placement method registered cane yield of 84.139 tons ha. In case of row directions, the crop sown in rows of NorthSouth direction resulted in 144.3508 thousand plants ha, 241.33 cm cane length, 3.18 cm cane girth, 6.15 tillers stool, 18.73 internodes cane, 15.14 kg 10 canes weight, 91.964 tons ha cane yield, 22.76 % brix content and 10.92 % sugar recovery; while in rows of East-West direction, the cane yield reduced to 88.267 tons ha. Hence, it is concluded that interaction of 90 cm apart rows (sett-to-sett placement) method × North-South row direction produced highest cane yield of 98.861 tons ha of sugarcane variety LRK-2001.
From Traditional Trade to E-Commerce: Case Analysis on Empowerment of Conventional Market Traders in Yogyakarta

Conventional markets have increasingly marginalized in the modernization era from consumers, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, and have affected the decreasing traders' income. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the efforts to empower conventional market traders in increasing their income through the development of an e-commerce transaction system. A qualitative approach was used with data collection techniques, such as interviews and observations, while the data were analyzed by interactive technique. According to the results, the development of an e-commerce transaction system in conventional markets was conducted with a strategy of assessing market potential, socializing e-commerce concepts, and training on website management. At the implementation level, two factors behind the success of this program were the role of universities and financial support from the local government. Furthermore, the inhibiting factors include the social motivation of consumers in shopping and the cost of shipping goods. The efforts to develop an e-commerce transaction system was ineffective in increasing traders' income, while the loyalty of consumers who continue to shop at the market can contribute to the increase in income.
Dependence of model convergence on horizontal resolution and convective parameterization in simulations of a tropical cyclone at gray‐zone resolutions

The Advanced Research WRF is used to examine the sensitivity of simulations of Typhoon Shanshan (2006) to changes in horizontal grid spacing at gray‐zone resolutions (7.5–1 km) and to choices of convective parameterization (CP) schemes. It is illustrated that fine resolution (3 to 1 km) runs feature a weak model convergence in tropical cyclone (TC) intensity than coarse resolution (7.5 to 5 km) runs, and the simulations using the Grell 3D ensemble CP (GR3D) exhibit a relatively strong model convergence, compared to the other three CP schemes. Further analyses reveal that model convergence relies on a number of factors that limit or promote TC intensification as resolution varies. Smaller radius of maximum wind (RMW) and thus smaller eyewall slope, along with smaller surface energy flux outside the eyewall and smaller eyewall asymmetries, are associated with finer resolution runs. These factors, especially the smaller RMW, promote the radial gradients of kinematical and microphysical attributes such as wind, pressure, latent heating, and mixing ratio of hydrometeors near the eyewall, causing growth of storm intensity, resulting in a weak model convergence. However, the impacts of the factors promoting storm intensification are notably different under different CP conditions, which are appreciably weaker in GR3D runs than in other three groups of CP experiments and responsible for a relatively strong model convergence in GR3D simulations. Overall, improvement of current CP schemes in simulation of TCs at gray‐zone resolutions is needed and targeted by a further study in future.