Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Color stability of nanocomposites polished with one-step systems.

OBJECTIVE This study compared the color changes of five novel resin composites polished with two one-step polishing systems when exposed to coffee solution. METHODS The resin composites tested were Filtek Supreme XT, Grandio, CeramX, Premise and Tetric EvoCeram. A total of 150 discs (30/resin composites, 10 x 2 mm) were fabricated. Ten specimens/resin composites cured under Mylar strips served as the control. The other samples were polished with PoGo and OptraPol discs for 30 seconds using a slow speed handpiece and immersed in coffee (Nescafé) for seven days. Color measurements were made with Vita Easyshade at baseline and after one and seven days. Repeated Measures ANOVA and Bonferroni tests were used for statistical analyses (p< or =0.05). RESULTS The differences between the mean DeltaE* values for the resin composites polished with two different one-step systems were statistically significant (p<0.05). After one week, all materials exhibited significant color changes compared to baseline. All Mylar finished specimens showed the most intense staining (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the OptraPol and PoGo polished groups. Mylar-finished specimens of CeramX, Tetric EvoCeram, Premise and Filtek Supreme XT presented the greatest staining (p<0.05). For Grandio, there were no significant differences between the Mylar and PoGo groups, while the most stain resistant surfaces were attained with OptraPol. CONCLUSION Removing the outermost resin layer by polishing procedures is essential to achieving a stain resistant, more esthetically stable surface. One-step polishing systems can be used successfully for polishing nanocomposites.
Draft-and-Revise: Effective Image Generation with Contextual RQ-Transformer (

RQ-VAE [7] is a generalized version of VQ-VAE [8] and VQGAN [2], since RQ-VAE with D = 1 is equivalent to VQ-VAE or VQGAN. When D > 1, RQ-VAE recursively discretizes the feature map of an image for a precise approximation of the feature map using the codebook. When the codebook size of RQ is K, RQ with depth D is as capable as VQ with K size of a codebook, since RQ can represent at most K clusters in a vector space. That is, if the codebook sizes are the same, RQ with D > 1 can approximate a feature vector more accurately than VQ. Thus, RQ-VAE can further reduce the spatial resolution of code map than VQ-VAE and VQ-GAN, and therefore outperforms previous autoregressive models with discrete representations.
THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CRUDE LEAF EXTRACT OF CITRUS SINENSIS (SWEET ORANGE)

The antibacterial activity of Citrus sinensis was evaluated on bacteria strains like Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Water and ethanol were used for the extraction. The in vitro antibacterial activity was performed by agar disc diffusion method. The antibacterial effect of aqueous extract showed a zone of inhibition on Escherichia coli, which was seven millimeter in diameter, while on the other organisms it showed little or no zones of inhibition ranging from 0-3mm in diameter. The ethanol extract also showed little zones of inhibition on the test organisms ranging from 1-3mm in diameter. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) evaluated on the ethanol and aqueous extracts using a two fold serial dilution showed no zones of inhibition . The results obtained in this study suggested that the extracts have low potential for use in the treatment of diseases caused by these test organisms.
On the Trade-Off between Energy and Multicast Efficiency in 802.16e-Like Mobile Networks

In this paper, we define a new problem that has not been addressed in the past: the trade-off between energy efficiency and throughput for multicast services in 802.16e or similar mobile networks. In such networks, the mobile host can reduce its energy consumption by entering the sleep mode when it is not supposed to receive or transmit information. For unicast applications, the tradeoff between delay and energy efficiency has been extensively researched. However, for mobile hosts running multicast (usually push- based) applications, it is much more difficult to determine when data should be transmitted by the base station and when each host should enter the sleep mode. In order to maximize the channel throughput while limiting the energy consumption, a group of hosts needing similar data items should be active during the same time intervals. We define this as an optimization problem and present several algorithms for it. We show that the most efficient solution is the one that employs cross-layer optimization by dividing the hosts into groups according to the quality of their downlink physical (PHY) channels.
Hierarchical Patch-Based Sparse Representation—A New Approach for Resolution Enhancement of 4D-CT Lung Data

Four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) plays an important role in lung cancer treatment because of its capability in providing a comprehensive characterization of respiratory motion for high-precision radiation therapy. However, due to the inherent high-dose exposure associated with CT, dense sampling along superior–inferior direction is often not practical, thus resulting in an inter-slice thickness that is much greater than in-plane voxel resolutions. As a consequence, artifacts such as lung vessel discontinuity and partial volume effects are often observed in 4D-CT images, which may mislead dose administration in radiation therapy. In this paper, we present a novel patch-based technique for resolution enhancement of 4D-CT images along the superior–inferior direction. Our working premise is that anatomical information that is missing in one particular phase can be recovered from other phases. Based on this assumption, we employ a hierarchical patch-based sparse representation mechanism to enhance the superior–inferior resolution of 4D-CT by reconstructing additional intermediate CT slices. Specifically, for each spatial location on an intermediate CT slice that we intend to reconstruct, we first agglomerate a dictionary of patches from images of all other phases in the 4D-CT. We then employ a sparse combination of patches from this dictionary, with guidance from neighboring (upper and lower) slices, to reconstruct a series of patches, which we progressively refine in a hierarchical fashion to reconstruct the final intermediate slices with significantly enhanced anatomical details. Our method was extensively evaluated using a public dataset. In all experiments, our method outperforms the conventional linear and cubic-spline interpolation methods in preserving image details and also in suppressing misleading artifacts, indicating that our proposed method can potentially be applied to better image-guided radiation therapy of lung cancer in the future.
Endemic Papilionoideae of the Caatinga: a contribution to the palynological knowledge of Leguminosae

Papilionoideae is the most diverse subfamily of Leguminosae, representing approximately 39 % of its species. Although it is particularly species rich and diverse in the Caatinga, the main phytophysiognomy of the semiarid Northeast Region of Brazil, little is known about the pollen morphology of the species that occur there. This study analyzes and describes the pollen morphology of the 27 species of Papilionoideae endemic to the Caatinga. Pollen grains were acetolyzed, mounted on permanent slides, measured, described and photomicrographed using light and scanning electron microscopy (LM and SEM, respectively). The main variable morphological features were pollen grain size, shape, amb, apertural type and exine ornamentation under LM (microreticulate, reticulate, psilate or finely scabrate) and SEM (microreticulate, reticulate, rugulate, granulate, fossulate and perforate). High intergeneric morphological heterogeneity was observed while morphological variation within each genus was subtle. Nonetheless, size, endoaperture shape, fastigium presence/absence and exine ornamentation were found to be important characteristics for the identification of some species.
Clustering‐based power‐controlled routing for mobile wireless sensor networks

This paper presents two new routing protocols for mobile sensor networks, viz. power‐controlled routing (PCR) and its enhanced version, i.e. Enhanced Power‐Controlled Routing (EPCR). In both the protocols, fixed transmission power is employed in the clustering phase but when ordinary nodes are about to send their data to their respective cluster‐heads, they change their transmission power according to their distance from their cluster‐head. While in PCR, the nodes are associated with the cluster‐head on the basis of weight, in EPCR it is done on the basis of distance. In addition to the protocols, we are suggesting a packet loss recovery mechanism for the PCR and EPCR. Both protocols work well for both mobile and static networks and are designed to achieve high network lifetime, high packet delivery ratio, and high network throughput. These protocols are extensively simulated using mass mobility model, with different speeds and different number of nodes to evaluate their performance. Simulation results show that both PCR and EPCR are successful in achieving their objectives by using variable transmission powers and smart clustering. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A promising approach to model such hierarchical and temporal representation is the multiscale

Learning both hierarchical and temporal representation has been among the longstanding challenges of recurrent neural networks. Multiscale recurrent neural networks have been considered as a promising approach to resolve this issue, yet there has been a lack of empirical evidence showing that this type of models can actually capture the temporal dependencies by discovering the latent hierarchical structure of the sequence. In this paper, we propose a novel multiscale approach, called the hierarchical multiscale recurrent neural network, that can capture the latent hierarchical structure in the sequence by encoding the temporal dependencies with different timescales using a novel update mechanism. We show some evidence that the proposed model can discover underlying hierarchical structure in the sequences without using explicit boundary information. We evaluate our proposed model on character-level language modelling and handwriting sequence generation.
2 Related Work Two notable early attempts inspiring our model are

Learning both hierarchical and temporal representation has been among the longstanding challenges of recurrent neural networks. Multiscale recurrent neural networks have been considered as a promising approach to resolve this issue, yet there has been a lack of empirical evidence showing that this type of models can actually capture the temporal dependencies by discovering the latent hierarchical structure of the sequence. In this paper, we propose a novel multiscale approach, called the hierarchical multiscale recurrent neural network, which can capture the latent hierarchical structure in the sequence by encoding the temporal dependencies with different timescales using a novel update mechanism. We show some evidence that our proposed multiscale architecture can discover underlying hierarchical structure in the sequences without using explicit boundary information. We evaluate our proposed model on character-level language modelling and handwriting sequence generation.
Computational Analysis of the Metal Free-Surface Instability, Fragmentation, and Ejecta under Shock

We conducted numerical simulations of the related processes of interface instability, tensile fragmentation, and jetting resulting from four kinds of typical macro defect perturbations (chevron, sine wave, rectangle, and square) on a Cu free surface under a reflected shock wave when Cu impacts a solid wall at a speed of 2.5 km/s and found that, for the chevron and sine wave cases, the ejecta velocities of the head are 6.28 and 5.88 km/s, respectively. Some parts of the inner material are in a tensile state without any fragmentation, which is observed only in the main body of the material owing to the tension effect. Furthermore, for the other two initial perturbations (rectangle and square), the highest ejecta velocities may even reach 9.14 and 9.59 km/s, respectively. Fragmentation caused by multilayer spallation can be observed on a large scale in the Cu main body, and there are granules in the front area of the ejecta but the degree to which fragmentation occurs is much less in the Cu main body and there is a notable high-speed, low-density granule area in the ejecta head. Finally, we present a detailed analysis of the spatial distribution of the granules, ejecta mass, pressure, temperature, and grid convergence.
Polydactyly: A study of a four generation Egyptian family

Polydactyly is a musculoskeletal anomaly characterized by the presence of an extra digit, digits or part of a digit in hand or foot or both. Abnormally placed tissue may be the only finding (Zhou et al., 2004). Polydactyly may be an isolated anomaly (no other associated anomalies), combined (with another musculoskeletal anomaly) or syndromic (presence of associated non-skeletal anomaly) (Castilla et al., 1998). Sporadic type of polydactyly is diagnosed if present in only one generation of a family with no previous history of this anomaly (Karaaslan et al., 2003). Polydactyly is presented in different patterns (Watson and Hennrikus, 1997). According to anatomical position of the extra digit, polydactyly may be preaxial (radial or tibial), postaxial (ulnar or fibular) or central polydactyly (presence of duplicated second, third, or fourth digits) (Haber et al., 2007). Crossed polydactyly is defined as presence of preaxial polydactyly of hands and postaxial of feet, or the reverse (Hosalkar et al., 1999). When there is complete or incomplete fusion between the duplicated digits, this is classified as polysyndactyly (Nogami, 1986). Gene mutation is responsible for Isolated postaxial polydactyly which is inherited as an autosomal dominance with incomplete penetrance (Bromley et al., 2000) and variable expressivity as it may skip a generation (Castilla et al., 1973). More than one gene has been identified to be associated with isolated postaxial polydactyly (Bromley et al., 2000). The variable presentation of isolated polydactyly may be due to other developmental or stochastic processes affecting the development of the disease (Ying et al., 2016). Hand postaxial polydactyly trait differs from that of foot in frequency and association with other malformations as Hand postaxial polydactyly has higher frequency (75%) than that of foot (15%), and low occurrence with other anomalies (7% vs 15%). Occurrence of both hand and foot postaxial polydactyly is less frequent (10%) and has a high association with other anomalies (23%) (Castilla et al., 1997). Abstract
Scientific workflow management and the Kepler system

Many scientific disciplines are now data and information driven, and new scientific knowledge is often gained by scientists putting together data analysis and knowledge discovery ‘pipelines’. A related trend is that more and more scientific communities realize the benefits of sharing their data and computational services, and are thus contributing to a distributed data and computational community infrastructure (a.k.a. ‘the Grid’). However, this infrastructure is only a means to an end and ideally scientists should not be too concerned with its existence. The goal is for scientists to focus on development and use of what we call scientific workflows. These are networks of analytical steps that may involve, e.g., database access and querying steps, data analysis and mining steps, and many other steps including computationally intensive jobs on high‐performance cluster computers. In this paper we describe characteristics of and requirements for scientific workflows as identified in a number of our application projects. We then elaborate on Kepler, a particular scientific workflow system, currently under development across a number of scientific data management projects. We describe some key features of Kepler and its underlying Ptolemy II system, planned extensions, and areas of future research. Kepler is a community‐driven, open source project, and we always welcome related projects and new contributors to join. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conservative dynamics of binary systems to fourth post-Newtonian order in the EFT approach. I. Regularized Lagrangian

Within the framework of the effective field theory approach to the post-Newtonian approximation to general relativity, we report the so-far missing ${G}^{3}$ and ${G}^{4}$ sectors of the conservative two-body dynamics at fourth perturbative order for nonspinning compact objects. Following the standard procedure, the gravitational interaction is integrated out to obtain a systematic expansion in terms of Feynman graphs. Building on this result and on previously obtained ones, we are able to write the local-in-time regularized Lagrangian at fourth post-Newtonian order, which is in agreement with results previously computed with other methods.
Cores in random hypergraphs and Boolean formulas

We describe a technique for determining the thresholds for the appearance of cores in random structures. We use it to determine (i) the threshold for the appearance of a k‐core in a random r‐uniform hypergraph for all r, k ≥ 2, r + k > 4, and (ii) the threshold for the pure literal rule to find a satisfying assignment for a random instance of r‐SAT, r ≥ 3. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 2005
Transcranial Doppler Pulsatility Index: Not an Accurate Method to Assess Intracranial Pressure

BACKGROUNDTranscranial Doppler sonography (TCD) assessment of intracranial blood flow velocity has been suggested to accurately determine intracranial pressure (ICP). OBJECTIVEWe attempted to validate this method in patients with communicating cerebrospinal fluid systems using predetermined pressure levels. METHODSTen patients underwent a lumbar infusion test, applying 4 to 5 preset ICP levels. On each level, the pulsatility index (PI) in the middle cerebral artery was determined by measuring the blood flow velocity using TCD. ICP was simultaneously measured with an intraparenchymal sensor. ICP and PI were compared using correlation analysis. For further understanding of the ICP-PI relationship, a mathematical model of the intracranial dynamics was simulated using a computer. RESULTSThe ICP-PI regression equation was based on data from 8 patients. For 2 patients, no audible Doppler signal was obtained. The equation was ICP = 23*PI + 14 (R2 = 0.22, P < .01, N = 35). The 95% confidence interval for a mean ICP of 20 mm Hg was −3.8 to 43.8 mm Hg. Individually, the regression coefficients varied from 42 to 90 and the offsets from −32 to +3. The mathematical simulations suggest that variations in vessel compliance, autoregulation, and arterial pressure have a serious effect on the ICP-PI relationship. CONCLUSIONSThe in vivo results show that PI is not a reliable predictor of ICP. Mathematical simulations indicate that this is caused by variations in physiological parameters.
Application of an homogeneous model to simulate the heating of two-phase flows

This paper is dedicated to the simulation of two-phase flows on the basis of an homogeneous model that allows to account for the disequilibrium of the pressure, temperature and chemical potential (mass transfer). The numerical simulations are performed using a fractional step method treat-ing separately the convective part of the model and the source terms. On the basis of analytical solutions for the convective part of the model, nu-merical investigations are performed to compare different finite volume schemes. Eventually, a test case of the heating of a mixture of steam and water is presented.
Acta Botanica Brasilica

Mangroves are salt tolerant plants that occur in tropical and sub-tropical sheltered coasts. Saltwater intrusions into terrestrial landscapes often occur due to either anthropogenic reasons or natural calamities such as tsunamis. We investigated the potential of using mangrove species for rehabilitation of high saline environments by revealing the capacities of species to remove salt from sediment. We established the salt retention capacity of common mangrove species in Sri Lanka i.e., Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Ceriops tagal, and Avicennia marina through exsitu and in-situ measurements of NaCl content in plant tissue and soil samples, by titrating with 0.01 N AgNO3. The results revealed A. marina to be the most efficient in retaining salt within plant tissues while C. tagal is superior to R. mucronata but inferior to A. marina in performing this function. These findings were further confirmed by measuring salt uptake rates of hydroponically grown seedlings of the same species. Although R. mucronata is the most popular species used for restoration, A. marina appears the most suitable mangrove species not only for coastal mangrove restoration but also for rehabilitating salinity affected landscapes.
Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources

The aim of study was to investigate the correlation between the level of 17 antibiotic residues and 6 antibiotic resistances of Escherichia coli isolates in chicken meats. A total of 58 chicken meats were collected from retail grocery stores in five provinces in Korea. The total detection rate of antibiotic residues was 45% (26 out of 58). Ten out of 17 antibiotics were detected in chicken meats. None of the antibiotics exceeded the maximum residue level (MRLs) in chicken established by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). The most detected antibiotics were amoxicillin (15.5%), followed by enrofloxacin (12.1%) and sulfamethoxazole (10.3%). In a total of 58 chicken meats, 51 E. coli strains were isolated. E. coli isolates showed the highest resistance to ampicillin (75%), followed by tetracycline (69%), ciprofloxacin (65%), trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole (41%), ceftiofur (22%), and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (12%). The results of study showed basic information on relationship between antibiotic residue and resistance for 6 compounds in 13 chicken samples. Further investigation on the antibiotic resistance patterns of various bacteria species is needed to improve food safety.
Event-triggered simultaneous fault detection and tracking control for multi-agent systems

ABSTRACT The main aim of this study is to design distributed simultaneous fault detection and control units for multi-agent systems subject to limited communication and energy resources. For this purpose, each agent is equipped with a single module that generates both the residual signal for the fault detection task, as well as the control input of each agent for the tracking objective. To reduce the communication among the agents, an event-triggered data transmission paradigm is considered by using a dynamic triggering rule which results in higher data transmission reduction in comparison with the static triggering condition. Moreover, the proposed dynamic observer-based structure for the detector-controller module provides more degrees of freedom compared to the static Luenberger observer. The design parameters are obtained by solving a multi-objective optimisation problem considering the fault detection, tracking, and communication objectives. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and capabilities of the proposed method.