Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DOLAMA 200: Effectiveness and Safety of a Dual Therapy with Dolutegravir Plus Lamivudine in Treatment-Experienced HIV-1 Infected Real World Participants in Spain

The continuous pharmacological advances in antiretroviral treatment (ART) and the increasing understanding of HIV drug resistance has led to a change in the paradigm of ART optimization in the setting of the viral suppression of treatment-experienced patients with the emerging evidence of the effectiveness and safety of dual therapies. The aim of this study is to determine the antiviral efficacy and safety of switching to Dolutegravir + Lamivudine in people living with HIV, and to analyze the rate of patients with virologic failure (VF). A total of 200 patients were included with a median age of 51 years, 189 cells/µL of nadir CD4+, 13 years on ART and four previous ART regimens. Among the 168 patients who completed a follow-up at 48 weeks, a total of five VFs occurred, resulting in a 2.98% (5/168) VF rate. The results of the intention-to-treat analysis were a VF rate of 2.54% (5/197), and the rate of patients/year with viral suppression was 98.3% (298/303) in the observed data analysis. We observed a significant improvement in mean CD4 lymphocytes, the CD4/CD8 ratio and lipid profiles. The optimization of ART to DTG plus 3TC is a cost-effective switch option for treatment-experienced HIV patients, and also improves their lipid profiles.
Bacteremia and Mortality among Patients with Nontunneled and Tunneled Catheters for Hemodialysis

Introduction Central venous catheters for hemodialysis (HD) can be nontunneled catheters (NTC) or tunneled catheters (TC). Bacteremia and dysfunction are complications that can impact morbidity and mortality. We decided to compare the rates of bacteremia and dysfunction between NTC and TC and patient survival 90 days after catheter insertion. Methods Retrospective cohort to evaluate catheters inserted between January 2011 and December 2020 in a tertiary hospital. Catheters in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease were included. Patients with acute kidney injury, catheters that lasted less than three HD sessions, and patients who died within one week after insertion were excluded. Bacteremia and dysfunction rates, bacteremia-free survival, and dysfunction-free survival were investigated. Multivariable analysis was performed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model for patient survival at 90 days. Results 670 catheters were analyzed in 287 patients, 422 NTC (63%), and 248 TC (37%). The rates of confirmed bacteremia per 1,000 catheter-days were 1.19 for NTC and 0.20 for TC (p < 0.0001). The confirmed or possible bacteremia rates were 2.27 and 0.37 per 1,000 catheter-days for NTC and TC, respectively (p < 0.0001). The dysfunction rates were 3.96 and 0.86 for NTC and TC, respectively (p < 0.0001). Patient survival at 90 days was higher in the TC group than the NTC group (96.8% vs. 89.1%; p < 0.0001). Conclusion We found lower rates of bacteremia and dysfunction for TC and demonstrated that using NTC affects patient mortality.
Exploring the value of tourism climate indices for 18 locations in South Africa

iii Acknowledgements . iv List of Figures . x List of Tables . xii List of Acronyms . xvi Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1. Background to the Research . 1 1.2. Rationale . 6 1.3. Study Aim . 7 1.4. Structure of the Thesis . 8 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 9 2.
Factor Affecting Birth Weight of Mehsana Goat Kid at Organized Farm

Goat (Capra hircus) was the earliest ruminant domesticated around 9000 to 7000 B.C. Goat is also known as “poor man’s cow” as the name given by Father of Nation, Mahatma Gandhi. Goat contribution is being the source of revenue for livestock-keepers, especially for family unit with minimum land resources and for landless labours. India possesses the second-largest goat population in the world having 135.17 million goats, but their population has declined by 3.82% over the previous census (Anonymous, 2012). The goat diversity in Gujarat is reflected in the form of five distinct goat breeds namely Mehsana, Surti, Gohilwadi, Zalawadi and Kutchi. The Mehsana goat is a dual purpose breed of domestic goat which is raised primarily for meat and milk production. Birth weight is an economic indicator for any livestock production purpose. There is a positive correlation in birth weight and further increasing of the live weight of animals (Roy et al., 1989). Studies of various authors show that birth weight is influenced by sex, type of birth, season of birth, maternal age and more (Supakorn and Pralomkarn, 2009; Bharathidhasan et al., 2009). The present work was undertaken to study the effect of season, International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 03 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Mechanistic regulation of HERV activation in tumors and implications for translational research in oncology

Transcription of distinct loci of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) and in some cases, translation of these transcripts have been consistently observed in many types of cancer. It is still debated whether HERV activation serves as a trigger for carcinogenesis or rather occurs as a consequence of epigenetic alterations and other molecular sequelae that characterize cellular transformation. Here we review the known molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of HERV activation in cancer cells as well as its potential contribution to carcinogenesis. Further, we describe the use of HERV expression in cancer diagnostic and characterize the potential of HERV-derived antigens to serve as novel targets for cancer immunotherapy. We believe this review, which summarizes both what is known as well as unknown in this rapidly developing field, will boost interest in research on the therapeutic potential of targeting HERV elements in tumors and the impact of HERV activation in oncogenesis.
BIFROST PROJECT: THREE YEARS OF CONTINUOUS GPS OBSERVATIONS

We describe the operations within SWEPOS with geophysical purpose to detect crustal motions in Fennoscandia. For this purpose a project named BIFROST was created; BIFROST stands for Baseline Inferences for Fennoscandian Rebound Observations, Sea-level and Tectonics. We show solutions of site positions obtained from 1000 days of operation of SWEPOS. We determine their variations in time, discerning them from plate or frame orientation, and discuss a number of perturbation effects. First results are presented, indicating movements which generally support the notion of a dominating displacement pattern due to the postglacial rebound of Fennoscandia. However, deviations exist. In order to discern regional movements of a presumably tectonic origin the coverage of the region must be extended, both concerning the areas that neighbor Sweden and array densification within the country. We foresee observing operations of at least ten years if deformation rates of 0.1 mm/yr are to be concluded at a 95 percent confidence level.
Changes in Physiological Indices, Amino Acids, and Volatile Compounds in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot Noir under UV-B Radiation and Water Deficit Conditions

UV-B radiation and water deficit can challenge Pinot noir growth and fruit quality. The aim of this work is to determine the effects of UV-B and water deficit on the physiological indices, amino acids, and volatile compounds of Pinot noir vine and fruit. The results showed that both individual and combined treatments caused a decrease in the leaf SPAD, with the largest amplitude being observed in the combined treatment. Water deficit also decreased the leaf water potential and increased the juice δ13C‰ at harvest, which was the opposite of the latter under UV-B radiation. Interestingly, most of the physiological indices under combined stresses did not show significant changes compared with that under no UV-B and the well-watered control treatment. Moreover, the concentrations of amino acids and volatile compounds in the berries were determined at harvest. The amino acid contents were significantly increased by the combined treatment, particularly proline (Pro), aspartate (Arg), alanine (Ala), and threonine (Thr). There were slight increases in volatile compounds. This research substantially contributed to improve our scientific understanding of UV-B and water deficit responses in an important commercial species. In addition, it highlighted some future research to produce high-quality wines with the anticipated specific characteristics.
Mental distress, food insecurity and university student dropout during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020: evidence from South Africa

Background Student dropout has been a key issue facing universities for many years. The COVID-19 pandemic was expected to exacerbate these trends; however, international literature has produced conflicting findings. Limited literature from Africa has investigated the impact of COVID-19 on student dropout trends, despite the documented devastation, including increased risk of food insecurity and mental distress, caused by the pandemic. Objective This work seeks to understand the impact of food insecurity and mental distress on student dropout during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Using a cross-sectional research design, first-year undergraduate students from a large South African university were recruited via email to participate in a survey between September and October 2020. The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) was used to measure food insecurity and the Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS) was used to measure mental distress. Multivariate regression was used to investigate factors associated with student dropout. Results The student dropout rate was 10.5% (95% CI: 8.2-13.2). The prevalence of severe food insecurity was 25.7% (95% CI: 22.3-29.4) and the prevalence of severe mental distress symptoms was 26.7% (95% CI: 23.3-30.4). Dropout rates and levels of food insecurity were highest among students residing in remote areas during the lockdown at 19.2% and 43.6%, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression revealed that being male increased the probability of dropout almost three-fold (odds ratio (OR) = 2.70; 95% CI: 1.48-4.89, p =0.001)). Being moderately food insecure increased the odds of dropout more than two-fold (OR=2.50; 95% CI:1.12-5.55, p=0.025), and experiencing severe mental distress symptoms increased the odds of dropout seven-fold (OR=7.08; 95% CI:2.67-18.81, p<0.001). Conclusion While acknowledging that various factors and complexities contribute to student dropout, the increased vulnerability to food insecurity and mental distress, stemming from issues such as widespread job losses and isolation experienced during the pandemic, may have also had an impact on dropout. This work reiterates the importance of directing additional support to students who are food insecure and those who are experiencing mental distress in order to mitigate university student dropout.
Validation of Satellite Soil Moisture Products by Sparsification of Ground Observations

Dense soil moisture observation networks serve as the primary means to validate large-scale satellite soil moisture products. However, maintaining intensive observation demands substantial labor and financial resources. It is therefore crucial to address the issue of how to sparsify ground observations while still achieving comparable validation results. Accordingly, this study takes an agropastoral interconnected zone of the Shandian River basin as an example. Representative soil moisture sites and the minimal number of required sites (NRS) were investigated at different sampling depths (3 and 50 cm) and at multiple scales (3, 9, 36, and 100 km). The average soil moisture estimated from the representative sites was then applied to validate SMAP L2, L3, and L4 multiscale soil moisture products. The findings indicate that the spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture within the Shandian River basin remained relatively consistent across varying spatial scales. However, it exhibited a notable increase in heterogeneity when moving vertically into deeper soil layers. Representative sites can more accurately determine the average soil moisture in a region, showing that SMAP notably overestimated root zone soil moisture and underestimated surface soil moisture. This research can serve as a theoretical guide for watershed-scale soil moisture estimation as well as a solid scientific foundation for improving the architecture of the watershed soil moisture network.
The challenge of accurately quantifying future megadrought risk in the American Southwest

American Southwest (ASW) megadroughts represent decadal‐scale periods of dry conditions the near‐term risks of which arise from natural low‐frequency hydroclimate variability and anthropogenic forcing. A large single‐climate‐model ensemble indicates that anthropogenic forcing increases near‐term ASW megadrought risk by a factor of 100; however, accurate risk assessment remains a challenge. At the global‐scale we find that anthropogenic forcing may alter the variability driving megadroughts over 55% of land areas, undermining accurate assessments of their risk. For the remaining areas, current ensembles are too small to characterize megadroughts' driving variability. For example, constraining uncertainty in near‐term ASW megadrought risk to 5 percentage points with high confidence requires 287 simulations. Such ensemble sizes are beyond current computational and storage resources, and these limitations suggest that constraining errors in near‐term megadrought risk projections with high confidence—even in places where underlying variability is stationary—is not currently possible.
How Do Children and Adolescents with ASD Look at Animals? A Scoping Review

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by interaction and communication differences, entailing visual attention skill specificities. Interactions with animals, such as in animal-assisted interventions or with service dogs, have been shown to be beneficial for individuals with ASD. While interacting with humans poses challenges for them, engaging with animals appears to be different. One hypothesis suggests that differences between individuals with ASD’s visual attention to humans and to animals may contribute to these interaction differences. We propose a scoping review of the research on the visual attention to animals of youths with ASD. The objective is to review the methodologies and tools used to explore such questions, to summarize the main results, to explore which factors may contribute to the differences reported in the studies, and to deduce how youth with ASD observe animals. Utilizing strict inclusion criteria, we examined databases between 1942 and 2023, identifying 21 studies in international peer-reviewed journals. Three main themes were identified: attentional engagement and detection, visual exploration, and behavior. Collectively, our findings suggest that the visual attention of youths with ASD towards animals appears comparable to that of neurotypical peers, at least in 2D pictures (i.e., eye gaze patterns). Future studies should explore whether these results extend to real-life interactions.
Eggs – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cancer are a significant public health burden in the Nordic and Baltic countries. High intake of eggs, mainly due to its high cholesterol content, has been suggested to have adverse health effects. The purpose of this scoping review is to describe the evidence related to the impact of egg intake on health. A literature search identified 38 systematic reviews and meta-analyses on egg consumption in relation to health outcomes published between 2011 and 30 April 2022. Overall, current evidence from systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials indicates that higher egg intake may increase serum total cholesterol concentration and the ratio of low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but with substantial heterogeneity in the response. However, recent evidence from observational studies does not provide strong support for a detrimental role of moderate egg consumption (up to one egg/day) on the risk of CVD, especially in the European studies. The overall evidence from observational studies indicates that egg consumption is not associated with increased risk of mortality or T2D in European study populations. There is also little support for a role of egg consumption in cancer development, although a weak association with higher risk of certain cancers has been found in some studies, mainly case–control studies. Again, no associations with cancer risk have been observed in European studies. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of egg consumption in relation to other health-related outcomes are scarce. There are also limited data available on the associations between the consumption of more than one egg/day and risk of diseases. Based on the available evidence, one egg/day is unlikely to adversely affect overall disease risk.
Cuproptosis-related genes score and its hub gene GCSH: A novel predictor for cholangiocarcinomas prognosis based on RNA seq and experimental analyses

Background: Recent researches have demonstrated that cuproptosis, a copper-dependent cell death mechanism, is related to tumorigenesis, progression, clinical prognosis, tumor microenvironment, and drug sensitivity. Nevertheless, the function and impact of cuproptosis in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), remain elusive. Methods: Utilizing data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-CHOL) datasets, we conducted subgroup typing of CCA according to cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) and explored functional differences and prognostic value between groups. A CRG score was established considering clinical prognosis and gene expression. Furthermore, differences in the immune microenvironment, response to immunotherapy, metabolic patterns, and cancer progression characteristics between high- and low-risk groups were examined on the basis of these scores. In vitro experiments validated the function of the key gene glycine cleavage system protein H (GCSH) in cellular and tissues, respectively. Results: Prognostic models established on the basis of subgroup genetic differences achieved satisfactory results in validation. Metabolic-related gene expression levels and tumor microenvironment distribution were significantly different between the high and low CRG groups. GCSH was revealed as the singular prognostic CRG in CCA (HR =6.04; 95% CI: 1.15-31.80). Moreover, inhibition of the cupcoptosis key gene GCSH attenuated the malignant ability of CCA cell lines in vitro, including cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and this function of GCSH may be achieved via JAK-STAT signaling in CCA. Conclusion: The CRG scoring system accurately predicts prognosis and opens up new possibilities for cuproptosis-related therapy for CCA. The cuproptosis key gene GCSH has been preliminarily confirmed as a reliable therapeutic target or prognostic marker for CCA patients.
Comparative assessment of joint water development initiatives in the Jordan River Basin

ABSTRACT This paper presents a comparative assessment of developmental initiatives to increase regional water supply in the Jordan River Basin using a Multi Criteria Decision Analysis technique with sensitivity analysis on criteria weights. The results indicate that the Red Sea–Dead Sea Conveyance (RSDSC) constitutes an optimal option within the context of alleviating water shortage and promoting regional cooperation. While a surface water pipeline from Turkey emerges as an attractive option when the quantity of delivered water is emphasized, the potential for out of basin water transfers are becoming increasingly less desirable with population growth, political turmoil in the region, development, and climate change challenges.
Differentiating mindfulness-integrated cognitive behavior therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy clinically: the why, how, and what of evidence-based practice

It is important to be able to differentiate mindfulness-based programs in terms of their model, therapeutic elements, and supporting evidence. This article compares mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), developed for relapse prevention in depression, and mindfulness-integrated cognitive behavior therapy (MiCBT), developed for transdiagnostic applications, on: (1) origins, context and theoretical rationale (why), (2) program structure, practice and, professional training (how), and (3) evidence (what). While both approaches incorporate behavior change methods, MBCT encourages behavioral activation, whereas MiCBT includes various exposure procedures to reduce avoidance, including a protocol to practice equanimity during problematic interpersonal interactions, and a compassion training to prevent relapse. MBCT has a substantial research base, including multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses. It is an endorsed preventative treatment for depressive relapse in several clinical guidelines, but its single disorder approach might be regarded as a limitation in many health service settings. MiCBT has a promising evidence base and potential to make a valuable contribution to psychological treatment through its transdiagnostic applicability but has not yet been considered in clinical guidelines. While greater attention to later stage dissemination and implementation research is recommended for MBCT, more high quality RCTs and systematic reviews are needed to develop the evidence base for MiCBT.
Influence of Different Powder Conditioning Strategies on Metal Binder Jetting with Ti-6Al-4V

Metal binder jetting shows great potential for medical technology. This potential can be exploited by integrating binder jetting into existing process routes known from metal injection molding. The biggest challenge here is the flowability and packing behavior of the powders used, due to their low size distributions. This paper investigates different powder-drying strategies to improve flowability using a statistical experimental design. Because of its relevance for medical applications, spherical Ti-6Al-4V powder with a size distribution under 25 µm is dried under various parameters using vacuum and gas purging. The investigated parameters, time and temperature, are selected in a central-composite-circumscribed test plan with eleven tests and three center points. The target parameters—water content, flowability and impurity levels (oxygen, nitrogen)—of the powder are analyzed. For validation, practical test trials are carried out on an industrial binder jetting system with unconditioned powder and conditioning with optimized parameters, comparing the manufactured parts and the powder bed. An optimized drying cycle with a duration of 6 h at 200 °C was determined for the investigated powder. Significant improvements in the dimensional accuracy (from ±1.5 to 0.3%) of the components and the visual impression of the powder bed are demonstrated.
Manipulation of Type I Interferon Signaling by HIV and AIDS-Associated Viruses

Type I Interferons were first described for their profound antiviral abilities in cell culture and animal models, and later, they were translated into potent antiviral therapeutics. However, as additional studies into the function of Type I Interferons progressed, it was also seen that pathogenic viruses have coevolved to encode potent mechanisms allowing them to evade or suppress the impact of Type I Interferons on their replication. For chronic viral infections, such as HIV and many of the AIDS-associated viruses, including HTLV, HCV, KSHV, and EBV, the clinical efficacy of Type I Interferons is limited by these mechanisms. Here, we review some of the ways that HIV and AIDS-associated viruses thrive in Type I Interferon-rich environments via mechanisms that block the function of this important antiviral cytokine. Overall, a better understanding of these mechanisms creates avenues to better understand the innate immune response to these viruses as well as plan the development of antivirals that would allow the natural antiviral effect of Type I Interferons to manifest during these infections.