Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Adding Intrathecal Epinephrine to Spinal Anesthesia on Anesthesia-Related Cesarean Delivery Outcomes: Should We Reconsider Its Use?

Background: Intrathecal epinephrine is used to increase the duration of spinal anesthesia for amenable surgical procedures anticipated to require additional time; however, in the ambulatory setting, it is associated with a prolonged time to post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) discharge. The current study's authors hypothesized that adding intrathecal epinephrine to spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery would be associated with a dose-dependent prolonged post-anesthesia unit length of stay. Methods: A single-center, retrospective study of patients undergoing repeat cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia from 2011 to 2015 was conducted. Patients received spinal bupivacaine 12 mg, morphine 150 mcg, and fentanyl 15 mcg with no-epinephrine, 100 mcg, or 200 mcg of epinephrine. The primary outcome was recovery room length of stay. Secondary outcomes were surgical duration, intraoperative vasopressor use, perioperative opioids, and antiemetic use. Results: Data were analyzed for 1,362 patients. Median recovery room stay was 123 min (interquartile range, 100 to 150) and was not different among groups. More women receiving epinephrine 200 mcg had ≥2 prior cesarean deliveries compared with no-epinephrine or 100 mcg. No significant differences in surgical duration or intraoperative opioids were identified among the groups. Median intraoperative vasopressor use was increased by 225 mcg of phenylephrine equivalents (99% CI, 25 mcg to 430 mcg) in the 100 mcg group and 250 mcg of phenylephrine equivalents in the 200 mcg group (99% CI, 75 mcg to 500 mcg) compared to no-epinephrine (P<0.001). Recovery room antiemetic and opioid analgesic administration were not different among groups. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, the addition of intrathecal epinephrine for women undergoing cesarean delivery increases intraoperative vasopressor use but does not prolong PACU length of stay, reduce intraoperative opioids, or increase antiemetic requirements postoperatively. The current study also demonstrated that surgical duration times were not different among the no-epinephrine, 100 mcg, and 200 mcg epinephrine groups.
High order harmonic generation in solids: a review on recent numerical methods

ABSTRACT Interaction of intense lasers with solid materials offers an alternative way to achieve high-order harmonic generation (HHG). Since the underlying mechanisms of the harmonic emission remain uncertain, a large number of theoretical studies have been proposed to explain the experimental findings in this fast-growing field. Here, we review the primary numerical methods and present a brief perspective of HHG in solids. Graphical Abstract
: the

Self-compassion is a recently developed construct of positive psychology. Several studies have shed light on their benefits on people’s psychological well-being. Furthermore, studies have focused on examining changes in self-compassion according to gender, in specific age groups, demonstrating inconsistent results. The present study aimed to investigate the interaction between self-compassion and gender, overtime, in a wide age range of adulthood. The sample consisted of 291 participants, age range between 18 and 72 years of age, of the general population. The participants completed online self-report questionnaires of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) (Neff, 2003b). Overall results revealed that self-compassion levels were higher for men than women. In addition, self-compassion was positively correlated with age, while older men, of 50 years and above, demonstrated higher self-compassion levels compared to younger age groups. The findings suggest the prudence of self-compassion on psychological prosperity. It is also proposed that the outcomes could contribute to the design of more informed, structured, and well-established intervention planning, targeting groups according to age and gender, which appear to be the most vulnerable. Finally, probable suggestions for further investigation are considered.
Cigarette smoke exposure promotes differentiation of CD4 + T cells toward Th17 cells by CD40–CD40l costimulatory pathway in mice

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of cigarette smoke exposure upon CD40–CD40L ligation between bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs)and CD4 + T cells, and to examine the effects of cigarette smoke exposure upon differentiation of CD4 + T cells toward Th17 cells through blockade of CD40-CD40L pathway in mice. Methods: The study was processed in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, Th17 cells, CD40, interleukin (IL)-17A, and IL-27 in the lung tissues were quantified and compared between mice with and without cigarette smoke exposure. In vitro, Th17 cells, IL-17A, and IL-27 yielded by multiple cell cultivations in which BMDCs from mice with or without cigarette smoke exposure were fostered with CD4 + T cells from healthy mice spleens in the presence of antagonistic CD40 antibody and/or cigarette smoke extract (CSE) were quantified and compared. The flow cytometry was used to detect expressions of Th17 cells and CD40, and the liquid chip was used to detect levels of IL-17A and IL-27. Results: Both in vivo exposed to cigarette smoke and in vitro to CSE, CD40 expressions noticeably escalated on the surfaces of BMDCs. The presence of Th17 cells, IL-17A, and IL-27 in the lung tissues prominently increased in mice exposed to cigarette smoke. The in vitro culture of CD4 + T cells and BMDCs significantly enhanced the differentiation of CD4 + T cells toward Th17 cells and secretions of IL-17A and IL-27 in the case that BMDCs were produced from mice exposed to cigarette smoke or the culture occurred in the presence of CSE. Usage of antagonistic CD40 antibody evidently reduced the number of Th17 cells, IL-17A, and IL-27 that increased due to cigarette smoke exposure. Conclusion: The CD40–CD40L ligation is associated with the quantities of Th17 cells and relevant cytokines in the context of cigarette smoke exposure. Reducing the number of Th17 cells via the usage of antagonistic CD40 antibody can be an inspiration for pursuing a novel therapeutic target for immune inflammation in COPD.
Speciation and repeated origins of hypertrophied lips in parallel adaptive radiations of cyprinid fish from East Africa

Abstract The evolution of convergent phenotypes is one of the most interesting phenomena of repeated adaptive radiations. Here, we examined the repeated patterns of thick‐lipped or “rubberlip” phenotype of cyprinid fish of the genus Labeobarbus discovered in riverine environments of the Ethiopian Highlands, East Africa. To test the adaptive value of thickened lips, identify the ecological niche of the thick‐lipped ecomorphs, and test whether these ecomorphs are the products of adaptive divergence, we studied six sympatric pairs of ecomorphs with hypertrophied lips and the normal lip structure from different riverine basins. Trophic morphology, diet, stable isotope (δ15N and δ13C) signatures, as well as mtDNA markers and genome‐wide SNP variation, were analyzed. Our results show that thick‐lipped ecomorphs partition trophic resources with generalized ecomorphs in only one‐half of the examined sympatric pairs despite the pronounced divergence in lip structure. In these thick‐lipped ecomorphs that were trophically diverged, the data on their diet along with the elevated 15N values suggest an invertivorous specialization different from the basal omnivorous–detritivouros feeding mode of the generalized ecomorphs. Genetic data confirmed an independent and parallel origin of all six lipped ecomorphs. Yet, only one of those six thick‐lipped ecomorphs had a notable genetic divergence with sympatric non‐lipped ecomorphs based on nuclear SNPs data (F ST = 0.21). Sympatric pairs can be sorted by combinations of phenotypic, ecological, and genetic divergence from an ecologically non‐functional mouth polymorphism via ecologically functional polymorphism to a matured speciation stage via divergent evolution.
The role of low health literacy in shared treatment decision-making in patients with kidney failure

ABSTRACT The classic paternalist medicine in nephrology has been modified to a shared decision-making model that clearly offers a benefit in patients with kidney disease. One of the cornerstones of shared treatment decision in patients with kidney failure is the understanding of kidney disease. As kidney disease is silent until advanced stages and is also an entity with a complex pathophysiology with little knowledge in the general population, its presence and understanding are difficult for most people. Health literacy (HL) plays a crucial role in the care of patients with kidney disease and the shared treatment decision. Limited HL has been associated with inefficient use of health services, non-compliance of medications, worse quality of life and increased mortality. In this review, we will address the importance of low HL in nephrology in terms of diagnosis, measurement, its effect on shared decision-making and how to increase it in people with kidney disease.
Mouse models for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma are affected by the cre-driver used to promote KRASG12D activation

The fundamental biology of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has been greatly impacted by the characterization of genetically modified mouse models that allow temporal and spatial activation of oncogenic KRAS (KRASG12D). The most commonly used model involves targeted insertion of a cre recombinase into the Ptf1a gene. However, this approach disrupts the Ptf1a gene, resulting in haploinsufficiency that likely affects sensitivity to oncogenic KRAS (KRASG12D). The goal of this study was to determine if Ptf1a haploinsufficiency affected the acinar cell response to KRASG12D before and after induction of pancreatic injury. We performed morphological and molecular analysis of three mouse lines that express a tamoxifen-inducible cre recombinase to activate KRASG12D in acinar cells of the pancreas. The cre-recombinase was targeted to the acinar-specific transcription factor genes, Ptf1a and Mist1/Bhlha15, or expressed within a BAC-derived Elastase transgene. Up to two months after tamoxifen induction of KRASG12D, morphological changes were negligible. However, induction of pancreatic injury by cerulein resulted in stark differences in tissue morphology between lines within seven days, which were maintained for at least five weeks after injury. Ptf1acreERT pancreata showed widespread PanIN lesions and fibrosis, while the Mist1creERT and Ela-creERT models showed reduced amounts of pre-neoplastic lesions. RNA-seq analysis prior to inducing injury suggested Ptf1acreERT and Mist1creERT lines have unique profiles of gene expression that predict a differential response to injury. Multiplex analysis of pancreatic tissue confirmed different inflammatory responses between the lines. These findings suggest understanding the mechanisms underlying the differential response to KRASG12D will help in further defining the intrinsic KRAS-driven mechanisms of neoplasia initiation.
Situation Review of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus in West Asia and North Africa

Symptoms of barley yellow dwarf (BYD) have been observed on cereals in nearly all countries of West Asia and North Africa. Its incidence. however, has varied during the last 15 years. Observations from field surveys are summarized. Since symptoms of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) are of low diagnostic value, especially in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), more precise qualitative and quantitative detection was derived by vector transmission and serology. In 1985 and 1986. preliminary surveys by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELlS A) indicated that BYDV incidence in the regions surveyed in Syria, Morocco, and Tunisia was around 7. 22. and 24%. respectively. By vector transmission PAV-, RPV-, and RMV-like isolates ofBYDV were identified in Morocco and the PAV-like isolate in Syria. By serology PAV-like isolates were identified in Ethiopia, Lebanon. Morocco. Syria. and Tunisia. and MA V-like isolates were identified from Morocco and Tunisia. The PAV-like type was the most common in all countries surveyed. Screening for BYDV resistance by natural infection has been carried out in a number of countries of the region during the last few years. Screening for resistance by aphid inoculation was initiated in Syria in 1986 at the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA). Such screening is expected to follow in other countries of the region soon.
Cointegration Testing and Dynamic Simulations of Autoregressive Distributed Lag Models

In this article, we introduce dynamac, a suite of commands designed to assist users in modeling and visualizing the effects of autoregressive distributed lag models and in testing for cointegration. We discuss the bounds cointegration test proposed by Pesaran, Shin, and Smith (2001, Journal of Applied Econometrics 16: 289–326), which we have adapted into a command. Because the resulting models can be dynamically complex, we follow the advice of Philips (2018, American Journal of Political Science 62: 230–244) by introducing a flexible command designed to dynamically simulate and plot a variety of types of autoregressive distributed lag models, including error-correction models.
L'ordine Limonietalia Br.-Bl. et O. Bòlos 1958 in Sardegna

Tlze Limonietalia Br. -Bl. et O. Bolos 1958 order in Sardinia. This paper presents a phytosociological study of the halophyle, chamaephytic and hemicryptophytic communities prevalently consisting of Limonium sp. pl. , which are localised behind the dunes of Sardinian coastal sites on sand­ muddy substratum in humid and flat area s, between the drier communities and the more hygrophilous ones. New associations described are as follows: Limonietum narbonense-glomerati, Limonictum pscudolaeti-glomcrati, Plantagino crassifoliac-Limonictum aristani, Limonictum insularc­ glomerati and Artemisio densifIorae-Limonietum pulviniformis. The new Sardinian endemie alliance Triglochil1o barrclieri-Limol1ioll glomerali, of the Limol1ietalia order, is here proposed.
G-PLIP: Knowledge graph neural network for structure-free protein-ligand bioactivity prediction

Protein-ligand interaction (PLI) shapes efficacy and safety profiles of small molecule drugs. Most existing methods rely on either structural information or resource-intensive computation to predict PLI, making us wonder whether it is possible to perform structure-free PLI prediction with low computational cost. Here we show that a light-weight graph neural network (GNN), trained with quantitative PLIs of a small number of proteins and ligands, is able to predict the strength of unseen PLIs. The model has no direct access to structural information of protein-ligand complexes. Instead, the predictive power is provided by encoded knowledge of proteins and ligands, including primary protein sequence, gene expression, protein-protein interaction network, and structural similarities between ligands. The novel model performs competitively with or better than structure-aware models. Our observations suggest that existing PLI-prediction methods may be further improved by using representation learning techniques that embed biological and chemical knowledge.
Consumptive water use in the production of ethanonl and petroleum gasoline.

The production of energy feedstocks and fuels requires substantial water input. Not only do biofuel feedstocks like corn, switchgrass, and agricultural residues need water for growth and conversion to ethanol, but petroleum feedstocks like crude oil and oil sands also require large volumes of water for drilling, extraction, and conversion into petroleum products. Moreover, in many cases, crude oil production is increasingly water dependent. Competing uses strain available water resources and raise the specter of resource depletion and environmental degradation. Water management has become a key feature of existing projects and a potential issue in new ones. This report examines the growing issue of water use in energy production by characterizing current consumptive water use in liquid fuel production. As used throughout this report, 'consumptive water use' is the sum total of water input less water output that is recycled and reused for the process. The estimate applies to surface and groundwater sources for irrigation but does not include precipitation. Water requirements are evaluated for five fuel pathways: bioethanol from corn, ethanol from cellulosic feedstocks, gasoline from Canadian oil sands, Saudi Arabian crude, and U.S. conventional crude from onshore wells. Regional variations and historic trends are noted, as are opportunitiesmore » to reduce water use. « less
Measuring human capital in Portugal

Na medida em que todas as obras da UC Digitalis se encontram protegidas pelo Código do Direito de Autor e Direitos Conexos e demais legislação aplicável, toda a cópia, parcial ou total, deste documento, nos casos em que é legalmente admitida, deverá conter ou fazer-se acompanhar por este aviso. Measuring human capital in Portugal Autor(es): Pereira, João Paulo Cabral Publicado por: Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra URL persistente: URI:http://hdl.handle. net/10316.2/24909
The transportation needs of single salaried mothers: a critical analysis

The analyses show that single mothers have travel patterns which a) are different from comparable married parents of either sex, and b) are not influenced by simple economic variables. The paper concludes that single mothers are a very vulnerable group even if they have moderate incomes; their children are more at risk than those of married couples because they may be forced to make dangerous of dysfunctional travel choices
Entrepreneurial Orientation: The Dimensions’ Shared Effects in Explaining Firm Performance

We shed new light on the structure of the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and firm performance and how this relationship varies across contexts. Using commonality analysis, we decompose the variance in performance—in terms of the effects of innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk taking—into parts that are attributable to unique variations in these dimensions (unique effects) and those attributable to covariation between these dimensions (shared effects). By demonstrating the empirical relevance of unique, bilaterally shared, and commonly shared effects in a heterogeneous sample of low–tech, high–tech, and multi–sector firms, we consolidate existing conceptualizations of EO and propose an extension of the extant theoretical views of the construct.
Aberystwyth University Learning From Multiple Experts

In real-world scenarios, data tends to exhibit a long-tailed distribution, which increases the diﬃculty of training deep networks. In this paper, we propose a novel self-paced knowledge distillation framework, termed Learning From Multiple Experts (LFME). Our method is inspired by the observation that networks trained on less imbalanced subsets of the distribution often yield better performances than their jointly-trained counterparts. We refer to these models as ‘Experts’, and the proposed LFME framework aggregates the knowledge from multiple ‘Experts’ to learn a uniﬁed student model. Speciﬁcally, the proposed framework involves two levels of adaptive learning schedules: Self-paced Expert Selection and Curriculum Instance Selection, so that the knowledge is adaptively transferred to the ‘Student’. We conduct extensive experiments and demonstrate that our method is able to achieve superior performances compared to state-of-the-art methods. We also show that our method can be easily plugged into state-of-the-art long-tailed classiﬁcation algorithms for further improvements.
Alzheimer’s dementia: pathogenesis and impact of cardiovascular risk factors on cognitive decline

ABSTRACT Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia manifesting as alterations in cognitive abilities, behavior, and deterioration in memory which is progressive, leading to gradual worsening of symptoms. Major pathological features of AD are accumulations of neuronal amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, with early lesions appearing primarily in the hippocampus, the area of the brain involved in memory and learning. Cardiovascular-related risk factors are believed to play a crucial role in disease development and the acceleration of cognitive deterioration by worsening cerebral perfusion, promoting disturbances in amyloid clearance. Current evidence supports hypertension, hypotension, heart failure, stroke and coronary artery diseases as potential factors playing a role in cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s dementia. Although dementia due to cardiovascular deficits is more strongly linked to the development of vascular dementia, a stepwise decline in cognition, recent researches have also discovered its deleterious influence on AD development.
AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGY JOURNAL OF NORTH AMERICA

The biological activity of Ferula assa-foetida, Aloe vera, Astragalus sarcocolla and Commiphora myrrha gum resin powders and their methanol extracts were tested on 5th, fifth instar larvae of the Trogoderma granarium beetle. This evaluation was conducted using bioassays of the repellency effect of the gum resin powders at concentrations of 0.5,0.9,2 and 4%and the fumigants toxicity of the methanol extracts at concentrations of0.2,0.4,0.6 and 0.8%at exposure periods of 24, 48 and 72 hours. The descending order of effective powders starts with the repellency effect at applied concentrations: F.assa-foetida >A.vera >A.sarcocolla >C.myrrha. The F.assa-foetida gum resin powder lead in repellency by providing 100% repellency at all concentrations after 24 hours of exposure. A.vera, A.sarcocolla and C.myrrha (μ1/L air) of the methanol extracts had a descending rating for effectiveness: 0.99, 0.99, 0.98 and 8.33 μ1/L air for F.assa-foetida >A. vera >C. myrrha >A. sarcocolla, respectively, after 72 hours of exposure to the fumigants. This study discussed the potential biological activity of some chemical compounds that possess plant gum resin.
Ionospheric Specification and Forecasting

Space weather presents a threat to human activities such as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning and timing, power systems, radio communications and transpolar aviation. Nowcasts and forecasts of the ionosphere could help mitigate some of these damaging effects. In this thesis, state-of-the-art ionospheric specification techniques are assessed in a long-term study. That study shows that Global Positioning System (GPS) derived tomographic images specify monthly median ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) accurately in Europe and North America throughout the twelve-year test period. Following this assessment, developments are presented in three key areas. The resolution of horizontal structures in ionospheric images over Africa is assessed. The accuracy gains from adding receivers are quantified using a simulation approach, showing that an extended GPS network reduces Root-Mean-Square (RMS) error from 9.5 TEC units for the currently operational network to 4.5 TEC units. A fictional, ideal network is demonstrated to produce images with RMS errors of 3.0 TEC units. Images of the vertical electron density distribution, vital for High Frequency (HF) radio operators, are greatly improved by adding observations of the ionospheric vertical profile to an imaging algorithm that relies on GPS observations. The peak electron density is resolved to an RMS accuracy of 0.5 x 1011 electrons/m3, compared to an RMS accuracy of 1.0 x 1011 electrons/m3 for the standard approach. A novel experimental method is employed to show that forecasts of ionospheric storms could benefit significantly from accurate specification of the initial neutral composition, in particular the ratio of O to N2 . A theoretical experiment shows that an ideal assimilation of the thermospheric composition can improve storm-time forecasts by at least 10% for over 19 hours, whilst an ideal ionospheric assimilation improves forecasts for less than four hours. This finding will aid the development of a coupled thermosphere ionosphere forecast system.