Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strong asymptotic freeness for independent uniform variables on compact groups associated to non-trivial representations

Asymptotic freeness of independent Haar distributed unitary matrices was discovered by Voiculescu. Many refinements have been obtained, including strong asymptotic freeness of random unitaries and strong asymptotic freeness of random permutations acting on the orthogonal of the Perron-Frobenius eigenvector. In this paper, we consider a new matrix unitary model appearing naturally from representation theory of compact groups. We fix a non-trivial signature $\rho$, i.e. two finite sequences of non-increasing natural numbers, and for $n$ large enough, consider the irreducible representation $V_{n,\rho}$ of $\mathbb{U}_n$ associated to the signature $\rho$. We consider the quotient $\mathbb{U}_{n,\rho}$ of $\mathbb{U}_n$ viewed as a matrix subgroup of $\mathbb{U}(V_{n,\rho})$, and show that strong asymptotic freeness holds in this generalized context when drawing independent copies of the Haar measure. We also obtain the orthogonal variant of this result. Thanks to classical results in representation theory, this result is closely related to strong asymptotic freeness for tensors, which we establish as a preliminary. In order to achieve this result, we need to develop four new tools, each of independent theoretical interest: (i) a centered Weingarten calculus and uniform estimates thereof, (ii) a systematic and uniform comparison of Gaussian moments and unitary moments of matrices, (iii) a generalized and simplified operator valued non-backtracking theory in a general $C^*$-algebra, and finally, (iv) combinatorics of tensor moment matrices.
Boundary Conditions for Scalar Curvature

Based on the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index formula, we construct an obstruction to positive scalar curvature metrics with mean convex boundaries on spin manifolds of infinite K-area. We also characterize the extremal case. Next we show a general deformation principle for boundary conditions of metrics with lower scalar curvature bounds. This implies that the relaxation of boundary conditions often induces weak homotopy equivalences of spaces of such metrics. This can be used to refine the smoothing of codimension-one singularites a la Miao and the deformation of boundary conditions a la Brendle-Marques-Neves, among others. Finally, we construct compact manifolds for which the spaces of positive scalar curvature metrics with mean convex boundaries have nontrivial higher homotopy groups.
Assessing the Economic Efficiency of Lean Technologies Implementation in an Industrial Enterprise

Management of any enterprise should be aimed at finding and implementing the most economically efficient projects to achieve strategic goals. Modern trends reinforce the importance of intensive means of achieving business efficiency that help to maximize performance and reduce costs with minimal capital investment. One such means is adoption of lean technologies. The advantages of lean manufacturing have been considered in detail by the economic community, but there are a number of challenges in the economic assessment of the results of investment projects associated with introduction and use of lean tools. In this study, the authors propose an original methodology for assessing the economic efficiency of investment projects involving implementation of lean production tools. To this end, it is necessary to analyze current research in this field, propose an instrumental approach to evaluating the economic efficiency of lean tools adoption, build an assessment algorithm, and test the method at an industrial enterprise. The study proposes to consider the quantitative and relative assessment of the economic efficiency of lean tools. Calculations are based on mathematical methods and achievements of investment analysis. The practical significance of this study consists in the development of the original methodology that makes it possible to assess the economic efficiency of using lean technologies to substantiate rationality of further development of an enterprise in this direction. Based on the developed methodology, it is possible to provide recommendations for optimizing business operations of an enterprise. To substantiate the feasibility of using the approach proposed by the authors, it was tested at an industrial enterprise operating in the North-West of the Russian Federation. It was established that the use of lean technologies in certain structural units of an enterprise increases economic efficiency, which makes it possible to substantiate the need for further implementation of these technologies in other units to strengthen strategic advantages.
Effects of Resting Actions Using Smart Toys During Break Times on Concentration in E-learning

Article history: Received: 24 August, 2020 Accepted: 15 October, 2020 Online: 22 October, 2020 This study conducted experiments to investigate the effects of resting actions of e-learners during break times on keeping and improving the concentrations of learners in e-learning. Two smart toys (a dog-type robot "aibo" and a toy drone) were used for the resting actions. Two types of experiments were conducted to examine the effects: one is a work type experiment (simple mathematical calculation) and the other is a memorizing type experiment (learning of English words). In those experiments, the learners played with one of the smart toys during the resting times between the learning sessions and performed certain actions accordingly. The experimental results were combined with the previous study using a humanoid robot "RoBoHoN. " A questionnaire was also employed to investigate the feeling of the learners. The experiments showed that the "playing with aibo" action refreshed the learners effectively in the mathematical experiment, while the "playing with RoBoHoN" action was effective in the learning experiment.
The Nano-Particle Mass Classifier (Nano-PMC): Development, Characterization, and Application for Determining the Mass, Apparent Density, and Shape of Particles with Masses Down to the Zeptogram Range

Existing aerosol particle mass classifiers (PMCs) can classify particles having masses down to ca. half an attogram (i.e., 10−18 g), which corresponds to a diameter of ca. 10 nm for spherical particles with standard density (1 g/cm3). Here, we describe an improved design of such a classifier, namely, the nano-PMC, which can classify particles with masses down to 20 zeptograms (10−21 g). The response of the classifier was characterized with spherical polystyrene-latex and ammonium sulfate particles, produced by atomization and mobility classification. Measured responses were compared with predictions by a numerical trajectory-based model that considers particle diffusivity. Measurements and predictions of the mean mass of the particles penetrating the classifier agreed within experimental uncertainty (<6%). Differences in the spectrum width could be attributed to recirculation flows occurring in the classification channel. To demonstrate the capabilities of a nano-PMC, we used it in a tandem configuration with a differential mobility analyzer to determine (1) the size-dependent shape factor of cubic sodium chloride particles having diameters from 15 to 120 nm, and (2) the apparent density and mass–mobility coefficient of coalesced and aggregated silver particles generated by spark ablation. Measurements of the shape factor of the cubic sodium chloride particles show good agreement with previous observations. Coalesced silver particles exhibited an apparent density that was lower compared with that of bulk silver, suggesting a slightly non-spherical particle shape. The mass–mobility scaling exponent of aggregated silver particles determined by the measurements was 2.3 ± 0.1. Copyright 2015 American Association for Aerosol Research
The effect of e-WOM and content marketing on customers' purchase intention

The purpose of this research is to test the impact of electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) and content marketing on purchase intention. E-WOM is a positive or negative statement written by consumers through the internet, and available for anyone to read. In this research, e-WOM is presented by two dependent variables: dependable sources (credible comments to prospective customers, from someone who knows them personally), and the obedience of e-WOM messages (the trustworthiness that consumers perceive in the reviews of others). Content marketing shows that the more attractive the content of marketing is, the more influential it is to consumers. The quantitative approach of the methodology was used, where the sample consists of 203 responses, and the data are analysed through SPSS. Thereby, three research hypotheses have been accepted. The biggest contribution of this research is that e-commerce companies pay more attention of consumer ratings on company's website and their impact on other consumers' purchasing decisions.
Studies on the effects of different dietary protein levels on the growth and survival of Channa striatus fry to fingerling stage

The importance of the present study, to evaluate to identification of the effective level of protein in the diet plays the role on growth and survival of Channa striatus fry. The experiment was conducted in wet laboratory of College of Fisheries Science for a period of 56 days. The fry was reared with four semi-purified diets containing crude protein percentage of CP 40%, CP 45% and CP 50% and control were estimated for the protein requirement of Channa striatus fry (initial weight 0.5 ± 0.01g and length 3.0 ± 0.1cm) in triplicate set. The fry was reared in 12 fibre tanks (including control treatment) of 54 litre capacities (size 0.6x0.3x0.3 m) and at a stocking density of 15 fry per tank and fed @ 8–5% of body weight. The AWG was significantly high in diet CP 45% (6.11±0.07) in comparison with other treatments and control. The SGR were found significantly (p
Calibration of a diamond capsule cell assembly for in situ determination of liquid properties in the Paris–Edinburgh press

We describe the calibration of a Paris–Edinburgh press cell assembly, centred around a single-crystal diamond sample capsule. The combination of low X-ray absorbance and diffraction, limited reaction with the sample material, and extreme incompressibility preserving the sample geometry makes single-crystal diamonds ideal for in situ measurements of liquid properties such as density, viscosity, and short-range structure. Here, we use in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements at pressures up to 5.5 GPa and temperatures up to ∼ 2000 K to show that diamond incompressibility significantly impairs pressure transmission to sample materials at low temperature. At room temperature, diffraction patterns of pressure calibrants situated inside the diamond sample capsule show that sample pressure remains constant at ∼ 0.3 GPa, even when the same pressure calibrants positioned outside the capsule show assembly pressure reaches up to ∼ 3.0 GPa. During heating, inside and outside pressures converge, with full pressure transmission achieved at 1150–1250 K. Our results demonstrate that diamond sample capsules are suitable for property determinations of most anhydrous silicate and iron-rich metal melts, but that sample pressures in low-temperature experiments (e.g. focusing on properties of hydrous fluids and melts) could be significantly overestimated.
Short-Range Interaction between Adsorbed Layers of Human Serum Albumin

Abstract The adsorption of human serum albumin (HSA) onto muscovite mica has been investigated by means of surface force and ESCA measurements. The range of protein concentration explored was 0.001-1.0 mg/ml in 10 -3 M NaCl at pH 5.6. It was found that negatively charged albumin adsorbs onto negatively charged mica. Small structural changes are induced by the adsorption, and further structural changes can be induced by applying an external compressive force. The structure of the adsorbed layer depends on the surface density. As surfaces with a low adsorption density of HSA are brought together, the protein molecules are able to diffuse along the surface, facilitating the merging of the two HSA layers into one single HSA layer in the gap between the surfaces. At high surface density crowding effects impede the rearrangement of the HSA layers and two separate layers of HSA remain in the gap between the surfaces. An adhesion force is present at low-packing but not at high-packing densities. It was found that the short-range interaction between one HSA-coated surface and one bare mica surface was strongly attractive, demonstrating that the adhesion forces likely are induced by HSA molecules bridging between two surfaces and not by attractive interactions between the proteins themselves.
Chemical Speciation and Potential Mobility of some Metals of Selected Farmland in Kogi State, North Central Nigeria

The contamination of agricultural soils with heavy metals is of concern because if soil is contaminated, the metals can be transferred to food crops. The availability of these metals to food crops depends on the forms in which they are present in the soils. In this study sequential extraction technique was applied to assess the exchangeable, carbonate- bound, Fe-Mn oxide bound, organic bound and residual fractions in topsoil of farmlands in Kogi State, North Central Nigeria. Proportions in non-residual soil phases were 82.6 % Cd, 48.6 % Co, 72.5 % Cu, 73.2 % Ni, 41.9 % Pb, and 84.3 % Zn. Lead (Pb) and cobalt (Co) showed the highest phase of 58.1% and 51.4 % respectively in the residual phase. The low concentration of lead in the non-residual fraction (41.9 %) and the highly mobile exchangeable phase and pH sensitive carbonate phase is an indication that there is no increase in anthropogenic input of Pb into the environment. Cadmium, zinc and nickel are mostly abundant in exchangeable fraction and this can be of concern especially cadmium.
Multi-Task Learning in Diffractive Deep Neural Networks via Hardware-Software Co-design

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have substantial computational requirements, which greatly limit their performance in resource-constrained environments. Recently, there are increasing efforts on optical neural networks and optical computing based DNNs hardware, which bring significant advantages for deep learning systems in terms of their power efficiency, parallelism and computational speed. Among them, free-space diffractive deep neural networks (D$^2$NNs) based on the light diffraction, feature millions of neurons in each layer interconnected with neurons in neighboring layers. However, due to the challenge of implementing reconfigurability, deploying different DNNs algorithms requires re-building and duplicating the physical diffractive systems, which significantly degrades the hardware efficiency in practical application scenarios. Thus, this work proposes a novel hardware-software co-design method that enables robust and noise-resilient Multi-task Learning in D$^2$2NNs. Our experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in versatility and hardware efficiency, and also demonstrate the robustness of proposed multi-task D$^2$NN architecture under wide noise ranges of all system components. In addition, we propose a domain-specific regularization algorithm for training the proposed multi-task architecture, which can be used to flexibly adjust the desired performance for each task.
Magnetic Reconnection between Loops Accelerated By a Nearby Filament Eruption

Magnetic reconnection modulated by nonlocal disturbances in the solar atmosphere has been investigated theoretically, but rarely observed. In this study, employing Hα and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) images and line-of-sight magnetograms, we report the acceleration of reconnection by an adjacent filament eruption. In Hα images, four groups of chromospheric fibrils are observed to form a saddle-like structure. Among them, two groups of fibrils converge and reconnect. Two newly reconnected fibrils then form and retract away from the reconnection region. In EUV images, similar structures and evolution of coronal loops are identified. The current sheet forms repeatedly at the interface of reconnecting loops, with a width and length of 1–2 and 5.3–7.2 Mm and a reconnection rate of 0.18–0.3. It appears in the EUV low-temperature channels, with an average differential emission measure (DEM) weighed temperature and EM of 2 MK and 2.5 × 1027 cm−5. Plasmoids appear in the current sheet and propagate along it, and then further along the reconnection loops. The filament, located to the southeast of the reconnection region, erupts and pushes away the loops covering the reconnection region. Thereafter, the current sheet has a width and length of 2 and 3.5 Mm and a reconnection rate of 0.57. It becomes much brighter and appears in the EUV high-temperature channels, with an average DEM-weighed temperature and EM of 5.5 MK and 1.7 × 1028 cm−5. In the current sheet, more hotter plasmoids form. More thermal and kinetic energy is hence converted. These results suggest that the reconnection is significantly accelerated by the propagating disturbance caused by the nearby filament eruption.
Anilinium Hydrogen Monofluorophosphate, C6H8N+.HPO3F−

The structure of the title compound shows a layer arrangement parallel to the bc plane. Two hydrogen monofluorophosphate anions are hydrogen-bonded and constitute (H 2 P 2 O 6 F 2 ) 2- anions, which are interconnected through strong N-H.O hydrogen bonds involving H atoms belonging to the C 6 H 5 NH 3 + anilinium cations.
Open Problems in Cooperative AI

Problems of cooperation--in which agents seek ways to jointly improve their welfare--are ubiquitous and important. They can be found at scales ranging from our daily routines--such as driving on highways, scheduling meetings, and working collaboratively--to our global challenges--such as peace, commerce, and pandemic preparedness. Arguably, the success of the human species is rooted in our ability to cooperate. Since machines powered by artificial intelligence are playing an ever greater role in our lives, it will be important to equip them with the capabilities necessary to cooperate and to foster cooperation. We see an opportunity for the field of artificial intelligence to explicitly focus effort on this class of problems, which we term Cooperative AI. The objective of this research would be to study the many aspects of the problems of cooperation and to innovate in AI to contribute to solving these problems. Central goals include building machine agents with the capabilities needed for cooperation, building tools to foster cooperation in populations of (machine and/or human) agents, and otherwise conducting AI research for insight relevant to problems of cooperation. This research integrates ongoing work on multi-agent systems, game theory and social choice, human-machine interaction and alignment, natural-language processing, and the construction of social tools and platforms. However, Cooperative AI is not the union of these existing areas, but rather an independent bet about the productivity of specific kinds of conversations that involve these and other areas. We see opportunity to more explicitly focus on the problem of cooperation, to construct unified theory and vocabulary, and to build bridges with adjacent communities working on cooperation, including in the natural, social, and behavioural sciences.
Overcoming Textbook Access Barriers in an Introductory Psychology Course: An OER Study at a Hispanic-Serving Institution

The high cost of college textbooks is an access barrier for students to overcome during their pursuit of a college degree. Perhaps most at risk are community college students, an older, more diverse, and lower-income population in comparison with their university peers. Recently, community colleges have considered replacing traditional, commercially produced textbooks with free open educational resources (OERs). In this work, two aims are addressed. First, a small-scale investigation of the need for a low-cost textbook alternative was conducted in an introductory psychology course. In response to the finding that over a quarter of students could not afford the course textbook, a psychology OER was adapted from existing resources and piloted in three sections of this course. The second aim was to assess the impact of this OER textbook. Findings from this second survey found that the psychology OER was easy to use, was high quality, and supported students in their understanding of course content. Students also reported that the money saved from not having to buy a textbook made taking the course easier. Together, these findings support that OER textbooks are suitable replacements that can reduce the financial burden on lowincome students and support them in the achievement of their academic goals.
Initial Alkalinity Requirement and Effect of Alkalinity Sources in Sulfur-Based Autotrophic Denitrification Barrier System

The present study describes the effects of initial alkalinity and various solid alkalinity sources such as calcite, dolomite, and oyster shell on nitrate removal in a sulfur-oxidizing autotrophic denitrification process. The results showed that denitrification rate increased as the initial alkalinity present in the system increased. Denitrification rates determined by a half-order kinetic model were 0.269, 0.976, 2.631, and 3.110 mg N O3 – N1∕2 ∕ L1∕2 ∙day corresponding to the initial alkalinity of 300, 600, 1,200, and 1,800 mg CaC O3 ∕L , respectively. This amount of consumed alkalinity closely matched the theoretical alkalinity requirement. However, when 300 mg CaC O3 ∕L of alkalinity was initially present the sulfur-based denitrification was greatly inhibited. The data indicate that approximately two times initial alkalinity of theoretically required alkalinity is needed for a desirable sulfur-based denitrification reaction. The initial alkalinity dissolution rates were 88, 38, and 14 mg CaC O3 ∕L∙day .
Effects of Flexible Working Arrangement on Job Satisfaction

The rapid trend of changes and social issues in managing the global workforce has forced organizations to look for innovative ways of enhancing the job satisfaction of employees. Among these innovative approaches is the provision of Flexible Working Arrangements (FWAs). The purpose of this exploratory research was to identify the effects of FWAs, i.e., flextime schedule, compressed workweek, and telecommuting on job satisfaction from the perspective of the Ethiopian national employees of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) in Addis Ababa. To achieve this objective both descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted. The total population of the study was 250; out of which, 71% of responses were collected. A primary data collection method was implemented using a structured questionnaire. The analysis showed that there is significant positive effect of flextime schedule (R = .39, R2 = .264, p = .001) and compressed workweek (R = .39, R2 = .159, p = .039). This means that increase in the use of flextime schedules and compressed workweek enhances job satisfaction for employees of the ECA in Addis Ababa. The independent variables reported R = . 39 and R2 = . 15 which means that 15% of corresponding variations in employee job satisfaction can be explained by flexible working arrangements. Nevertheless, this study found out that there are no significant relationship of telecommuting (R = .39, R2 = .065, p = .398) on job satisfaction. Therefore, since the provision of FWAs is at the nascent stage, further studies on the effect of telecommuting on job satisfaction from Ethiopian employees context are highly recommended.
Systolic length of curves uniformized by congruence subgroups of triangle groups.

We present a method for computing upper bounds on the systolic length of certain Riemann surfaces uniformized by congruence subgroups of triangle groups, admitting congruence Hurwitz curves as a special case. The uniformizing group is realized as a Fuchsian group and a convenient finite generating set is computed. The upper bound is derived from the traces of the generators. This framework generalizes work for previous authors.