Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trust as a Social Capital for Entrepreneurship to Create Innovation

One indicator of the success of an entrepreneur can be measured by the innovation he created. It is essential that an entrepreneur has the ability to interact and work together in groups so that innovation can be created. Trust is a social capital that makes internal cooperation work well. Competitive aggressiveness is one of the dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation that is still contractual in its impact on innovation. This study wants to find out the relationship between trust in competitive aggressiveness and innovation and the effect of competitive aggressiveness on innovation. Data collection collected using a questionnaire consisting of two parts, the first in the form of open questions to find out problems or difficulties experienced by students and in the second part in the form of questions with a Likert scale. The data took from students who took entrepreneurship courses at UBAYA university. The data collected amounted to 100 and then processed by PLS-SEM analysis using α = 5%. This study found that trust is a critical factor for innovation creation and positively influences to bring about competitive aggressiveness. Trusts make the process of working together and sharing information in groups work well. Other findings from this study also show that competitive aggressiveness has a positive impact on innovation.
Measurement report: Molecular composition, optical 
properties, and radiative effects of water-soluble organic 
carbon in snowpack samples from Northern Xinjiang, China

Abstract. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in the cryosphere has important impact on the biogeochemistry cycling and snow/ice surface energy balance through changes in the surface albedo. This work reports on chemical characterization of WSOC in 28 representative snowpack samples collected across regional area of northern Xinjiang, northwestern China. We employed multi-modal analytical chemistry techniques to investigate both bulk and molecular-level composition of WSOC and its optical properties, informing the follow-up radiative forcing (RF) modeling estimates. Based on the geographic differences and proximity of emission sources, the snowpack collection sites were grouped as urban/industrial (U), rural/remote (R), and soil-influenced (S) sites, for which average WSOC total mass loadings were measured as 1968 ± 953 ng g−1 (U), 885 ± 328 ng g−1 (R), and 2082 ± 1438 ng g−1 (S), respectively. The S sites showed the higher mass absorption coefficients at 365 nm (MAC365) of 0.94 ± 0.31 m2 g−1 compared to those of U and R sites (0.39 ± 0.11 m2 g−1 and 0.38 ± 0.12 m2 g−1, respectively). Bulk composition of WSOC in the snowpack samples and its basic source apportionment was inferred from the Excitation-Emission Matrices and the Parallel Factor analysis featuring relative contributions of two humic-like (HULIS-1 and HULIS-2) and one protein-like (PRLIS) components with ratios specific to each of the S, U, and R sites. Additionally, a sample from site 120 showed unique pollutant concentrations and spectroscopic features remarkably different from all other U, R, and S samples. Molecular-level characterization of WSOC using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) provided further insights into chemical differences among four types of samples (U, R, S, and 120). Specifically, much more reduced S-containing species with high degree of unsaturation and aromaticity were uniquely identified in U samples, suggesting an anthropogenic source. Aliphatic/proteins-like species showed highest contribution in R samples, indicating their biogenic origin. The WSOC components from S samples showed high oxygenation and saturation levels. A few of unique CHON and CHONS compounds with high molecular weight were detected in the 120 sample, which might be anthraquinone derivatives from plant debris. Modeling of the WSOC-induced RF values showed warming effects of 0.04 to 0.59 W m−2 among different groups of sites, which contribute up to 16 % of that caused by BC, demonstrating the important influences of WSOC on the snow energy budget.
Large spectral gap and impurity-induced states in a two-dimensional Abrikosov vortex

We study the subgap spectrum of a 2D Abrikosov vortex in an $s$-wave superconductor in the absence and presence of a point impurity. By solving the Eilenberger equations without impurity for two models of the vortex (including a self-consistent one), we find multiple subgap spectral branches. The number of these branches may be arbitrarily large provided that the magnetic field screening length is large enough. The quasiclassical spectrum of the vortex has a local gap with a width of the order of the bulk gap and a spatial extent of several coherence lengths. The existence of such a gap is the prerequisite for the appearance of discrete impurity-induced states. Within the Gor'kov equations formalism, we find that a single impurity induces up to four discrete quasiparticle states in the vortex. The energies and wave functions of the impurity states are calculated for different parameters. We claim that most of the predicted spectral features can be observed in scanning tunnel spectroscopy experiments.
The role of work orientation and gender on feelings toward pay

Purpose This paper aims to examine the moderating effect of employees’ work orientation and gender on their feelings toward pay, that is, the relationship between perceived fairness of a pay system and pay level satisfaction. The perceived fairness of pay system is investigated with two pay system procedures, namely, job evaluation and performance evaluation, both determining the level of base pay. Design/methodology/approach Survey data were collected from three public sector organizations in Finland (N = 526). Linear regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between pay satisfaction, pay system fairness, work orientation and gender. Findings The results show that employees’ work orientation significantly and negatively relates to pay satisfaction. The interaction analyses suggest significant gender differences in the relationship between work orientation and pay satisfaction, as work orientation is negatively associated with pay satisfaction for women. They also show that work orientation and job evaluation fairness have a positive, joint effect on pay satisfaction. Practical implications This study has implications for the implementation of fair pay practices in organizations. The role of work orientation in the relationship between job evaluation fairness and pay satisfaction highlights the importance of pay system fairness especially among work-oriented employees. Special attention should be paid on work-oriented women: With equal perception of pay system fairness, work-oriented women feel unsatisfied with their pay. Originality/value This paper is the first study to highlight the role of work orientation and gender in reactions related to pay.
Stationary properties of a non-Markovian Brownian gyrator

We investigate the stochastic behavior of a non-Markovian version of an elementary Brownian gyrator. The model is defined by overdamped Langevin-like dynamics with a two-dimensional harmonic potential that presents distinct principal axes and is coupled to heat baths at different temperatures. The thermal noises are assumed to be Gaussian, and are related to friction forces through a dissipation memory kernel. The stationary states present rotational motion with non-trivial average torques due to harmonic, friction and fluctuating thermal forces. However, the Markovian limit of the system exhibits a zero average torque produced by fluctuating thermal forces. For the case of stochastic torque exerted by harmonic force, the cumulant-generating function is calculated exactly. We also study the average heat fluxes in the steady-state regime, where a memory-dependent behavior is observed.
The interplay of female empowerment and subjective beliefs about women in 51 countries

The durability of gender inequality in contemporary societies raises questions about the development and diffusion of inegalitarian beliefs about the roles of men and women in politics and economics. Recent comparative research suggests the empowerment of women in politics is important for promoting egalitarian beliefs about women in authoritative political roles. This study extends on this perspective by examining how female empowerment in politics and economics interplays with beliefs about the relative competency of women in these institutions. We argue the empowerment of women in politics and economics is important for reducing inegalitarian beliefs about women in these institutions, but the prevalence of these beliefs hinders female empowerment in these institutions. We test these arguments using data on 86,324 respondents in 51 countries from the fifth and sixth waves of the World Value Survey. Estimates from hierarchal linear models show individuals possess more egalitarian beliefs about women in countries with greater female empowerment in politics and economics and this effect is amplified among male respondents. In addition, estimates from seemingly unrelated regression models show the prevalence of inegalitarian gender beliefs among both men and women is associated with lower levels of female empowerment. However, the prevalence of these beliefs among male respondents exerts the greatest effect on female empowerment in politics and economics. Overall, this study shows gender beliefs and the empowerment of women in politics and economics act as mutually constitutive forces of gender inequality and ideologies in contemporary society.
Temporal resource partitioning of wildebeest carcasses by scavengers after riverine mass mortality events

Scavengers play an important role in nutrient recycling and disease control, and this role may be particularly critical after mass mortality events, such as those caused by epidemics, culling, or natural disasters. Current work on scavenger ecology has focused on use of single carcasses, but behaviors are likely to be different at mass mortality events, in which high resource abundance can prolong the spatial and temporal availability of carcasses. Little is currently known about how scavengers respond to large die-offs and understanding scavenger use and succession patterns at mass mortality events has important implications for disease ecology. We used photographic time series and river-side surveys of scavengers using carcasses to investigate scavenger use and succession on wildebeest carcasses that resulted from annual mass drownings in the Mara River, Kenya. In addition, we used telemetry data for tagged avian scavengers to assess individual use of mass drownings. Density of avian scavengers per carcass was almost two orders of magnitude lower at mass drownings than has been documented previously for single carcasses on land. Scavengers demonstrated patterns of temporal resource partitioning, with large-bodied avian scavengers more common initially, followed by small-bodied avian scavengers, and then by insectivorous birds and non-avian scavengers. Avian scavengers also differed in daily activity patterns, with marabou storks more common in the morning and late afternoon and white-backed and R€ uppell’s vultures more common mid-day. Telemetry data indicated that approximately half of tagged vultures used mass drowning events but only spent a small proportion of their time there, suggesting that competition still plays an important role in scavenger dynamics at mass mortality events and that the rewards of such abundant resources may be offset by the risk of foraging in the river. Further research on scavenger behavior during mass mortality events is needed to better understand the role of scavengers in decomposition of carcasses and disease control during these events.
Polymorphic Extreme Clubfoot Deformities in Newborns and their Total Correction by Polyarticular, Poly-Axial, Inclusive Manipulation and Serial Castings-(Evidence Based Patiala Technique)

Clubfoot is the commonest congenital orthopedic defect, but still remains unsolved. It is a double trouble. Firstly: There are 95% treatment failures by various contemporary, conservative and surgical techniques in trimorphic extreme deformities (a generic name given, by the author, for scores of confusing terms) [1,2] and secondly: all earlier treatment modalities have their inherent problems. Taking up the most widely used in about 150 countries, Ponseti casting technique, as practiced at University of IOWA hospital, they commented in a 12 years (average), follow up study in 94 severe clubfeet, treated from one week to 6 months age that complete and permanent correction is often difficult. They reported repeated relapses over the years: first relapse in 56% (53 feet), second in 18% (17 feet), third in 10% (9 feet) and even fourth time relapse in one patient [3]. Yes, you read it right. Ponseti commented in his manual that this was due to not following his protocol strictly, by his staff and beneficiaries, being laborious.
synthesis and X-ray crystal structure

The room-temperature reaction of Me3Ga with benzimidazole 2-carboxylic acid in xylene solvent has yielded a novel crystalline hexameric gallium compound with "MeGa" moieties bridged by the doubly depronotated ligand precursor. Crystals of (MeGa(4,5-benzimidazolato-2-carboxylato)) 6·(C6H6)·(m-Me2C6H4)2 are monoclinic, a = 18.091(2), b = 17.094(2), c = 13.2215(5) A, Z = 2, space group C2/m. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares procedures to R (F, I ♢ 3σ(I)) = 0.064 (Rw (F 2 , all data) = 0.134). The hexameric Ga complex contains a six-membered ring of Ga atoms, bridged by the benzimidazolate ligands with the benzo rings projecting alternately above and below the Ga plane, thus forming a ball-shaped molecule. The complex could have ideal D3d symmetry, but it contains an encapsulated molecule of benzene, which distorts the regularity of the Ga 6 hexagon, and reduces the symmetry of the complex to the crystallographically observed C2h. The coordination geometry at each of the two independent GaO2N2C centres approximates a trigonal bipyramid, with a N2C trigonal plane, and the O atoms above and below; average dimensions are Ga—O = 2.176(2), Ga—N = 1.973(3), Ga—C = 1.927(5) A, O-Ga-O = 165°. The unit cell also contains four m-xylene solvent molecules (outside the molecular cage).
Kinetic and isotherm studies of nitrate adsorption on granular Fe–Zr–chitosan complex and electrochemical reduction of nitrate from the spent regenerant solution

In this study, a granular Fe–Zr–chitosan complex was synthesized to remove nitrate from aqueous solution and an undivided cylindrical electrochemical cell was constructed to treat the spent regenerant solution, thus achieving separation and conversion. Adsorbent characterization was conducted by SEM, XRD, BET, FTIR and XPS. The effects of pH and co-existing anions on nitrate adsorption were investigated. The results indicated that nitrate adsorption on Fe–Zr–chitosan complex followed the first-order kinetic model and the two-site Langmuir isotherm model. The specific surface area of Fe–Zr–chitosan complex was 23.6 m2 g−1 and the maximum adsorption capacity reached 10.60 ± 0.74 mg g−1 (as N). The point of zero charge of Fe–Zr–chitosan complex occurred at a pH of 6.3. No significant changes in nitrate removal efficiency were observed over a wide pH range of 3.0–11.0. Sulphate and phosphate seriously interfered in nitrate removal. The developed electrochemical method might have a potential of practical application for the treatment of the spent regenerant solution.
Pin-Accessible Legalization for Mixed-Cell-Height Circuits

Placement is one of the most critical stages in the physical synthesis flow. Circuits with increasing numbers of cells of multirow height have brought challenges to traditional placers on efficiency and effectiveness. Besides providing an overlap-free solution close to the global placement (GP) solution, constraints on power and ground (P/G) alignments, fence region, and routability (e.g., edge spacing and pin short/inaccessible) should be considered. In this article, we propose a legalization method for mixed-cell-height circuits by a window-based cell insertion technique and two post-processing network flow-based optimizations. Compared with the champion of the ICCAD 2017 Contest, our algorithm achieves 35% and 13% less average and maximum displacement, respectively, as well as significantly fewer routability violations. Comparing our algorithm with the state-of-the-art algorithms on this problem, there is an 8% improvement in average displacement with comparable maximum displacement. The source code of our legalization is available at https://github.com/cuhk-eda/ripple.
Systemic and cerebrospinal fluid immune and complement activation in Ugandan children and adolescents with long‐standing nodding syndrome: A case‐control study

Nodding syndrome is a poorly understood epileptic encephalopathy characterized by a unique seizure type—head nodding—and associated with Onchocerca volvulus infection. We hypothesized that altered immune activation in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of children with nodding syndrome may yield insights into the pathophysiology and progression of this seizure disorder.
Buckling Test of Composite Cylindrical Shells with Large Radius Thickness Ratio

A buckling test of composite cylindrical shells with a radius–thickness ratio (r/t) = 893 under axial compression was conducted to investigate the effects of the radius–thickness ratio (r/t). It is known that the buckling load of cylinders shows large differences and scatter between theory and experiment. The ratio of the experimental buckling load and theoretical buckling load is called the knockdown factor (KDF). Many investigations have been conducted to find the cause of the degradation and scatter in the KDF, but as yet, no cause has been found. In 1968, NASA’s buckling design criterion, NASA SP-8007, gave an empirical KDF curve that decreased with the increasing r/t (up to 2000) for metal cylinders. The same curve has been applied to composite cylinders. Recently, Takano derived a flat lower-bound KDF in terms of A- and B-basis values (99% and 90% probability with a 95% confidence level) through a statistical analysis of experimental buckling loads. The result, however, based on experimental results up to r/t = 500 and, thus, the dependency on a large range of r/t, is not clear. Thus, the authors focused on a larger range of r/t. Cylindrical shells made from carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) were tested. The nominal radius, thickness, and length were r = 100.118 mm, t = 0.118 mm, and L = 200 mm and, thus, the r/t = 848 and length-to-radius ratio (L/r) = 2.0. Shape imperfections were also measured by using in-house laser displacement equipment. The buckling load was slightly affected by the r/t, but the reduction in the KDF was insignificant.
Genetic trajectories of zebra and quagga mussel invasions across three decades: Lake Erie versus Hudson River populations

Genetic compositions and comparative diversity of zebra (Dreissena polymorpha) and quagga (D. rostriformis) mussel populations are compared across their three decade-long histories as invasive species in the Hudson River and Lake Erie of North America. We analyze 15 nuclear DNA microsatellite loci for the zebra mussel and 10 for the quagga mussel. Results indicate that the Hudson River and Lake Erie zebra mussel populations slightly diverge in genetic compositions, and possess similar overall genetic diversity levels. The allelic composition of the Hudson River zebra mussel population significantly changed during the middle time period (2003) analyzed, suggesting genetic replacement. Yet, its overall levels of genetic diversity levels have stayed similar. In contrast, the Hudson River’s quagga mussel population has remained genetically consistent over time in both composition and diversity. Lake Erie’s zebra mussel population underwent slight change in allelic composition and increased in genetic diversity from the earliest timepoint, suggesting allelic supplementation from newly arriving propagules. In contrast, Lake Erie’s quagga mussel population has remained genetically consistent over time. The genetic composition of Lake Erie zebra mussel veliger larvae sampled in 2016 differed from its adult samples, attributable to gene flow from other areas and genetic admixture. Overall findings indicate that invasive populations may undergo significant genetic divergence or remain consistent over time, whose patterns may differ across their ranges and between related species. The population dynamics underlying their invasional successes thus may be complex.
In vitro efficacy of different fungicides against Fusarium incarnatum causing fruit rot of papaya (Carica papaya L.)

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is an important and most widely grown fruit crop of both tropics and subtropics of the world, belonging to the family Caricaceae and ranks third in importance among fruits. Papaya fruits lose their market value due to damage caused by many fungi. These fungi by their prolific growth, deteriorates fruit quality. Among these, fruit rot caused by Fusarium incarnatum adversely affects the fruit quality, quantity and ultimately reduces the market value. The fruit rot of papaya causes enormous yield losses, often in field and markets. Detailed investigations on various aspects were carried out in the present study during 2019-20. The papaya fruits showing typical characteristic symptoms of fruit rot were collected from Pachkandil vegetable market, Dhule. Infected fruits exhibited water-soaked spots at stem-end portion and also showed softening and mummification of fruits. In severe cases, rotten fruit showed white creamy growth of the pathogen. The pathogen was isolated by standard tissue isolation method and purified by single spore technique. Pathogenicity of fungus was proved by following Koch’s postulates. The fruit rot causal fungus was got identified by Agharkar Research Institute (An Autonomous body under the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India, G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune – 411 004) as Fusarium sp. aff. F. semitectum Berk & Ravenel (Current name- Fusarium incarnatum (Desm.) Sacc. ) (ID.NO.3/426/2019/MYC/1135). In vitro efficacy of fungicides, revealed that carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% WP (0.2%) and hexaconazole 5% EC (0.1%) completely inhibited mycelial growth of the test fungus, followed by carbendazim 50% WP (0.1%), propineb 70% WP (0.25%), mancozeb 75% WP (0.25%). Whereas, it was least with thiophanate methyl 70% WP (0.1%).
Performance of free-space optical systems in the presence of receiver imperfections

We present a review of papers considering the subcarrier intensity modulation free-space optical (FSO) communication systems in the presence of phase noise. This phase noise is a consequence of imperfect reference signal extraction in electrical domain after photodetector. We illustrate the effects of this phenomenon on the system symbol-error rate performance. The examples show that receiver imperfections, presented through phase noise, can degrade the FSO system performance to a large extent.