Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intra-Beam Interference Mitigation for the Downlink Transmission of the RIS-Assisted Hybrid Millimeter Wave System

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication systems leverage the directional beamforming capabilities of antenna arrays equipped at the base stations (BS) to counteract the inherent high propagation path loss characteristic of mmWave channels. In downlink mmWave transmissions, i.e., from the BS to users, distinguishing users within the same beam direction poses a significant challenge. Additionally, digital baseband precoding techniques are limited in their ability to mitigate inter-user interference within identical beam directions, representing a fundamental constraint in mmWave downlink transmissions. This study introduces an innovative analog beamforming-based interference mitigation strategy for downlink transmissions in reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted hybrid analog–digital (HAD) mmWave systems. This is achieved through the joint design of analog beamformers and the corresponding coefficients at both the RIS and the BS. We first present derived closed-form approximation expressions for the achievable rate performance in the proposed scenario and establish a stringent upper bound on this performance in a large number of RIS elements regimes. The exclusive use of analog beamforming in the downlink phase allows our proposed transmission algorithm to function efficiently when equipped with low-resolution analog-to-digital/digital-to-analog converters (A/Ds) at the BS. The energy efficiency of the downlink transmission is evaluated through the deployment of six-bit A/Ds and six-bit pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) signals across varying numbers of activated RIS elements. Numerical simulation results validate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithms in comparison to various benchmark schemes.
Midcarpal instability

Midcarpal instability is a collective term for a number of conditions where the instability of the wrist is predominantly between the proximal and distal carpal rows. It has been regarded as relatively rare and infrequently requires surgical treatment. Palmar midcarpal instability is the most commonly found type of midcarpal instability and can be responsible for causing a clunking and painful wrist. The diagnosis is made on clinical grounds using the midcarpal instability provocative tests. Standard imaging and arthroscopic inspection do not usually confirm a definite diagnosis, but are important in excluding other pathologies. The classification and staging has been described using the extent of palmar translocation of the distal carpal row, which is elicited on passive stress tests. As this is a functional instability, it may be that a functional staging description might be better, and a proposed scheme is described. Treatment options including partial wrist fusions, tenodesis stabilizations and arthroscopic capsular shrinkage have been described in small case series with limited follow-up. There are no comparative series or randomized studies because of the relative rarity of this condition.
Distributed circular formation stabilization of unicycles part I: Undirected information flow graph

We investigate the following problem: design a distributed control law making n kinematic unicycles converge to a common circle of prespecified radius, whose centre is stationary but dependent on the initial conditions, and traverse the circle in a desired direction. Moreover, the vehicles are required to converge to a formation on the circle, expressed by desired separations and ordering of the unicycles. We present a solution for the case when the information flow graph is undirected. In part II of this paper we generalize the solution to the case of arbitrary information flow graphs, and to the case of dynamic unicycles.
On the chronometry and metrology of computer network timescales and their application to the network time protocol

This paper summarizes issues in computer network timekeeping with respect to the Network Time Protocol, which is used to synchronize time in many of the hosts and gateways of the Internet. It describes the methods used to coordinate and disseminate international time services and how they are incorporated into NTP time servers. It discusses the hazards on reckoning NTP dates with the conventional civil calendar and a standard method for numbering the days. Finally, the paper describes the NTP timescale, its mapping to conventional civil time and date and its interpretation of leap seconds.
Concurrency Control in Distributed Database Systems

In this paper we survey, consolidate, and present the state of the art in distributed database concurrency control. The heart of our analysts is a decomposition of the concurrency control problem into two major subproblems: read-write and write-write synchronization. We describe a series of synchromzation techniques for solving each subproblem and show how to combine these techniques into algorithms for solving the entire concurrency control problem. Such algorithms are called "concurrency control methods. " We describe 48 principal methods, including all practical algorithms that have appeared m the literature plus several new ones. We concentrate on the structure and correctness of concurrency control algorithms. Issues of performance are given only secondary treatment.
Abnormal deletions in the T-cell receptor delta locus of mouse thymocytes

Separate genetic elements (V, D, and J) encode the variable regions of lymphocyte antigen receptors. During early lymphocyte differentiation, these elements rearrange to form contiguous coding segments (VJ and VDJ) for a diverse array of variable regions. Rearrangement is mediated by a recombinase that recognizes short DNA sequences (signals) flanking V, D, and J elements. Signals flank both the 5' and 3' sides of each D element, thereby allowing assembly of a functional VDJ gene. However, in rearrangements involving the D delta 2 and J delta 1 elements of the mouse T-cell receptor delta (TCR delta) locus, we unexpectedly found that the D delta 2 element and a portion of its 5' signal are often deleted. Approximately 50% of recovered D delta 2 to J delta 1 rearrangements from thymocytes of adult wild-type mice showed such deletions. An additional 20% of the rearrangements contained standard D delta 2-J delta 1 coding junctions but showed some loss of nucleotides from the 5' D delta 2 signal. This loss was clearly associated with another event involving a site-specific cleavage at the 5' signal/coding border of D delta 2 and rejoining of the modified signal and coding ends. The abnormal loss of D delta 2 and a portion of the 5' D delta 2 signal was infrequently observed in D delta 2-to-J delta 1 rearrangements recovered from neonatal mice. The possible basis and significance of this age-dependent phenomenon are discussed.
Red Anthocyanins and Yellow Carotenoids Form the Color of Orange-Flower Gentian (Gentiana lutea L. var. aurantiaca)

Flower color is an important characteristic that determines the commercial value of ornamental plants. Gentian flowers occur in a limited range of colors because this species is not widely cultivated as a cut flower. Gentiana lutea L. var. aurantiaca (abbr, aurantiaca) is characterized by its orange flowers, but the specific pigments responsible for this coloration are unknown. We therefore investigated the carotenoid and flavonoid composition of petals during flower development in the orange-flowered gentian variety of aurantiaca and the yellow-flowered variety of G. lutea L. var. lutea (abbr, lutea). We observed minor varietal differences in the concentration of carotenoids at the early and final stages, but only aurantiaca petals accumulated pelargonidin glycosides, whereas these compounds were not found in lutea petals. We cloned and sequenced the anthocyanin biosynthetic gene fragments from petals, and analyzed the expression of these genes in the petals of both varieties to determine the molecular mechanisms responsible for the differences in petal color. Comparisons of deduced amino acid sequences encoded by the isolated anthocyanin cDNA fragments indicated that chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), anthocyanidin synthase 1 (ANS1) and ANS2 are identical in both aurantiaca and lutea varieties whereas minor amino acid differences of the deduced flavonone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) between both varieties were observed. The aurantiaca petals expressed substantially higher levels of transcripts representing CHS, F3H, DFR, ANS and UDP-glucose:flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase genes, compared to lutea petals. Pelargonidin glycoside synthesis in aurantiaca petals therefore appears to reflect the higher steady-state levels of pelargonidin synthesis transcripts. Moreover, possible changes in the substrate specificity of DFR enzymes may represent additional mechanisms for producing red pelargonidin glycosides in petals of aurantiaca. Our report describing the exclusive accumulation of pelargonidin glycosides in aurantiaca petals may facilitate the modification of gentian flower color by the production of red anthocyanins.
Unsupervised Word Segmentation for Bangla

Unsupervised word segmentation is the task of segmenting words into prefixes, suffixes and roots without prior knowledge of language-specific morphotactics and morpho-phonological rules. This paper introduces a simple, yet highly effective algorithm for unsupervised word segmentation for Bangla, an Indo-Aryan language that is highly inflectional in nature. When evaluated on a set of 2511 human-segmented Bangla words, our algorithm achieves an F-score of 84%, substantially outperforming Linguistica, one of the most widely-used unsupervised morphological analyzers, by about 23%.
Widespread Pollution From Secondary Sources of Organic Aerosols During Winter in the Northeastern United States

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from pollution sources is thought to be a minor component of organic aerosol (OA) and fine particulate matter beyond the urban scale. Here we present airborne observations of OA in the northeastern United States, showing that 58% of OA over the region during winter is secondary and originates from pollution sources. We observed a doubling of OA mass from SOA formation in aged emissions, with unexpected similarity to OA growth observed in polluted areas in the summer. A regional model with a simple SOA parameterization based on summer measurements reproduces these winter observations and shows that pollution SOA is widespread, accounting for 14% of submicron particulate matter in near‐surface air. This source of particulate matter is largely unaccounted for in air quality management in the northeastern United States and other polluted areas.
Minimum-energy multicast in mobile ad hoc networks using network coding

The minimum energy required to transmit a bit of information through a network characterizes the most economical way to communicate in a network. In this paper, we show that under a simplified layered model of wireless networks, the minimum-energy multicast problem in mobile ad hoc networks is solvable as a linear program, assuming network coding. Compared with conventional routing solutions, network coding not only promises a potentially lower energy-per-bit, but also enables finding the optimal solution in polynomial time, in sharp contrast with the NP-hardness of constructing the minimum-energy multicast tree as the optimal routing solution.
Summarizing uncertain transaction databases by Probabilistic Tiles

Transaction data mining is ubiquitous in various domains and has been researched extensively. In recent years, observing that uncertainty is inherent in many real world applications, uncertain data mining has attracted much research attention. Among the research problems, summarization is important because it produces concise and informative results, which facilitates further analysis. However, there are few works exploring how to effectively summarize uncertain transaction data. In this paper, we formulate the problem of summarizing uncertain transaction data as Minimal Probabilistic Tile Cover Mining, which aims to find a high-quality probabilistic tile set covering an uncertain database with minimal cost. We define the concept of Probabilistic Price and Probabilistic Price Order to evaluate and compare the quality of tiles, and propose a framework to discover the minimal probabilistic tile cover. The bottleneck is to check whether a tile is better than another according to the Probabilistic Price Order, which involves the computation of a joint probability. We prove that it can be decomposed into independent terms and calculated efficiently. Several optimization techniques are devised to further improve the performance. Experimental results on real world datasets demonstrate the conciseness of the produced tiles and the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.
Mental Health Disorders and the Terrorist: A Research Note Probing Selection Effects and Disorder Prevalence

ABSTRACT Recent research on lone-actor terrorism has found a high prevalence of mental health disorders among these offenders. This research note addresses two shortcomings in these existing studies. First, it investigates whether selection effects are present in the selection process of terrorist recruits. Second, it builds on the argument that mental health problems and terrorist behavior should not be treated as a yes/no dichotomy. Descriptive results of mental health disorders are outlined utilizing a number of unique datasets.
The Today and Tomorrow of Kids

We experimentally investigate the distribution of children's time preferences along gender and racial lines. We find that boys are more impatient than girls and black children are no more impatient than white children. However, this pattern hides the fact that black boys have the highest discount rates of all groups. Most importantly, we show that impatience has a direct effect on behavior. An increase of one standard deviation in the discount rate increases the probability that a child has at least 3 disciplinary referrals by 5 percent. Time preferences might play a large role in setting appropriate incentives for children.
Cyberbullying Among High School Students: Cluster Analysis of Sex and Age Differences and the Level of Parental Monitoring

Bullying, a typical occurrence in schools, has gone digital. As a result, cyberbullying has become ever more present among youth. The current study aimed to classify high school students into four groups based on their cyberbullying experiences and to examine the characteristics of these groups based on the sex and age of the participants and the level of parental monitoring. Participants were 133 high school students located in central Texas. A cluster analysis revealed four distinct groups of students who were â€œhighly involved both as bully and victim,â€ â€œmore victim than bully,â€ â€œmore bully than victim,â€ or â€œleast involved. â€ Significantly more girls and more students in lower grades were classified into the â€œmore victim than bully groupâ€ while older students were more likely to be classified into the â€œmore bully than victimâ€ group. No significant differences were found between cluster membership and the degree of parental monitoring.
The Prevalence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Wild Rodents Captured in Tick-Borne Encephalitis Foci in Highly Endemic Lithuania

Wild rodents are considered to be one of the most important TBEV-amplifying reservoir hosts; therefore, they may be suitable for foci detection studies. To investigate the effectiveness of viral RNA detection in wild rodents for suspected TBEV foci confirmation, we trapped small rodents (n = 139) in various locations in Lithuania where TBEV was previously detected in questing ticks. Murine neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cells were inoculated with each rodent sample to maximize the chances of detecting viral RNA in rodent samples. TBEV RNA was detected in 74.8% (CI 95% 66.7–81.1) of the brain and/or internal organ mix suspensions, and the prevalence rate increased significantly following sample cultivation in Neuro-2a cells. Moreover, a strong correlation (r = 0.88; p < 0.05) was found between the average monthly air temperature of rodent trapping and the TBEV RNA prevalence rate in cell culture isolates of rodent suspensions, which were PCR-negative before cultivation in cell culture. This study shows that wild rodents are suitable sentinel animals to confirm TBEV foci. In addition, the study results demonstrate that sample cultivation in cell culture is a highly efficient method for increasing TBEV viral load to detectable quantities.
The effect of tepid amino acid-enriched induction cardioplegia on the outcome of infants undergoing cardiac surgery

Background: Despite promising experimental results, no information has been published on the clinical effects of amino acid-enriched induction cardioplegic solution on outcome in children undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 185 consecutive patients younger than 12 months with one of the following defects undergoing open heart surgery: atrioventricular septal defect, transposition of the great arteries, tetralogy of Fallot or ventricular septal defect. Patients were divided into two groups according to the following myocardial protection approaches: tepid substrate-enriched induction cardioplegia followed by cold blood cardioplegia (n=113) or only cold blood induction cardioplegia (n=72). Patient allocation was determined by the anesthesiologist in charge of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The primary outcome measure was postoperative myocardial injury assessed by troponin T level and inotrope score. Results: Demographic data were similar for both groups. Cardioplegic induction had no overall effect for inotrope score (16.3 ± 9.2 vs.17.9 ± 10.0, p=0.276) or lactate release (1.8 ± 1.3 vs. 1.6 ± 0.8, p=0.110) on arrival to the paediatric intensive care unit. On the first postoperative day, there were no significant differences between the cardioplegia groups for inotrope score (13.7 ± 8.7 vs.14.3 ± 9.1, p=0.657), troponin T (2.4 ± 1.6 vs. 2.8 ± 2.7 μg/L, p=0.267), lactate (1.5 ± 2.0 vs. 1.5 ± 0.8, p=0.972), or any of the other clinical outcome measures. Conclusions: Compared to cold cardioplegia alone, the administration of tepid induction cardioplegia had no effect on the clinical outcome of infants who underwent cardiac surgery.
Physician exposure to violence: a study performed in Turkey†

Recently, in Turkey, there has been an increase in the number of violent acts against healthcare workers, towards doctors in particular. This study aimed to investigate the extent of violence, the causes of violence and to evaluate proposed solutions to violence. Out of 597 physicians, 86.4% indicated that they were exposed to at least one type of violence (physical, verbal, sexual) throughout their careers. Among the physicians participating in the study, 27.5% suffered physical threats and 68.6% suffered verbal violence in the past year. Only 40.4% reported the physical violence to their institution. Physicians indicated that the top three causes of violent behavior were excessive demands of patients, the expectation that the issue will be solved immediately and blaming physicians for their problems. To stop violence against themselves, physicians need to raise their voices, along with those of their personal or professional organizations, and should report and follow up incidents.
Collocations in Multilingual Natural Language Generation: Lexical Functions meet Lexical Functional Grammar

In a collocation, the choice of one lexical item depends on the choice made for another. This poses a problem for simple approaches to lexicalisation in natural language generation systems. In the Meaning-Text framework, recurrent patterns of collocations have been characterised by lexical functions, which offer an elegant way of describing these relationships. Previous work has shown that using lexical functions in the context of multilingual natural language generation allows for a more efficient development of linguistic resources. We propose a way to encode lexical functions in the Lexical Functional Grammar framework.
Torsion of an Abdominal-Wall Pedunculated Lipoma: A Rare Differential Diagnosis for Right Iliac Fossa Pain

Pedunculated lipomas arising from the peritoneal wall are a rare finding during abdominal surgery. These benign tumours of mesenchymal origin can arise anywhere in the body and are usually asymptomatic. We present a case of a torted, pedunculated parietal wall lipoma in the right iliac fossa that gave rise to a clinical diagnosis of appendicitis. To our knowledge, such a case has never been reported in the literature previously. We suggest that torsion of a pedunculated parietal lipoma is a rare differential of acute abdominal pain.
Sparse and Dispersion-Based Matching Pursuit for Minimizing the Dispersion Effect Occurring When Using Guided Wave for Pipe Inspection

Ultrasonic guided wave is an effective tool for structural health monitoring of structures for detecting defects. In practice, guided wave signals are dispersive and contain multiple modes and noise. In the presence of overlapped wave-packets/modes and noise together with dispersion, extracting meaningful information from these signals is a challenging task. Handling such challenge requires an advanced signal processing tool. The aim of this study is to develop an effective and robust signal processing tool to deal with the complexity of guided wave signals for non-destructive testing (NDT) purpose. To achieve this goal, Sparse Representation with Dispersion Based Matching Pursuit (SDMP) is proposed. Addressing the three abovementioned facts that complicate signal interpretation, SDMP separates overlapped modes and demonstrates good performance against noise with maximum sparsity. With the dispersion taken into account, an overc-omplete and redundant dictionary of basic atoms based on a narrowband excitation signal is designed. As Finite Element Method (FEM) was used to predict the form of wave packets propagating along structures, these atoms have the maximum resemblance with real guided wave signals. SDMP operates in two stages. In the first stage, similar to Matching Pursuit (MP), the approximation improves by adding, a single atom to the solution set at each iteration. However, atom selection criterion of SDMP utilizes the time localization of guided wave reflections that makes a portion of overlapped wave-packets to be composed mainly of a single echo. In the second stage of the algorithm, the selected atoms that have frequency inconsistency with the excitation signal are discarded. This increases the sparsity of the final representation. Meanwhile, leading to accurate approximation, as discarded atoms are not representing guided wave reflections, it simplifies extracting physical meanings for defect detection purpose. To verify the effectiveness of SDMP for damage detection results from numerical simulations and experiments on steel pipes are presented.