Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Restorative practices for preventing/countering violent extremism: an affective-discursive examination of extreme emotional incidents

Abstract Schools worldwide are increasingly enmeshed in discourses of securitisation. Efforts to prevent or counter violent extremism (P/CVE) are a manifestation of this. P/CVE in education takes various forms; the pilot explored here is considered super-soft in that no mention was made of violent extremism. Attention was given to schools’ capacities to enhance social cohesion through Restorative Practices (RP) – a method for building social capital. We use an affective-discursive lens to explore how affects/emotions are caught in a dispositif of governance fundamental to efforts to regulate youth through this method. Specifically, we focus on extreme emotional incidents that highlight norms and practices in which violence and emotions are entangled, which expose limits and implications of RPs. While holding promise for transcending punitive disciplinary methods, we argue that RPs rely on logics that limit how violence is understood, locating violent problems within the problem bodies of marginalised youth.
A Scoping Review to Find Out Worldwide COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Its Underlying Determinants

Background: The current crisis created by the coronavirus pandemic is impacting all facets of life. Coronavirus vaccines have been developed to prevent coronavirus infection and fight the pandemic. Since vaccines might be the only way to prevent and stop the spread of coronavirus. The World Health Organization (WHO) has already approved several vaccines, and many countries have started vaccinating people. Misperceptions about vaccines persist despite the evidence of vaccine safety and efficacy. Objectives: To explore the scientific literature and find the determinants for worldwide COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy as reported in the literature. Methods: PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines were followed to conduct a scoping review of literature on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and willingness to vaccinate. Several databases (e.g., MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar) were searched to find relevant articles. Intervention- (i.e., COVID-19 vaccine) and outcome- (i.e., hesitancy) related terms were used to search in these databases. The search was conducted on 22 February 2021. Both forward and backward reference lists were checked to find further studies. Three reviewers worked independently to select articles and extract data from selected literature. Studies that used a quantitative survey to measure COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and acceptance were included in this review. The extracted data were synthesized following the narrative approach and results were represented graphically with appropriate figures and tables. Results: 82 studies were included in this scoping review of 882 identified from our search. Sometimes, several studies had been performed in the same country, and it was observed that vaccine hesitancy was high earlier and decreased over time with the hope of vaccine efficacy. People in different countries had varying percentages of vaccine uptake (28–86.1%), vaccine hesitancy (10–57.8%), vaccine refusal (0–24%). The most common determinants affecting vaccination intention include vaccine efficacy, vaccine side effects, mistrust in healthcare, religious beliefs, and trust in information sources. Additionally, vaccination intentions are influenced by demographic factors such as age, gender, education, and region. Conclusions: The underlying factors of vaccine hesitancy are complex and context-specific, varying across time and socio-demographic variables. Vaccine hesitancy can also be influenced by other factors such as health inequalities, socioeconomic disadvantages, systemic racism, and level of exposure to misinformation online, with some factors being more dominant in certain countries than others. Therefore, strategies tailored to cultures and socio-psychological factors need to be developed to reduce vaccine hesitancy and aid informed decision-making.
Oil Price Shocks and Conflict Escalation: Onshore versus Offshore

We reconsider the relationship between oil and conflict, focusing on the location of oil resources. In a panel of 132 countries over the period 1962-2009, we show that oil windfalls escalate conflict in onshore-rich countries, while they de-escalate conflict in offshore-rich countries. We use a model to illustrate how these opposite effects can be explained by a fighting capacity mechanism, whereby the government can use offshore oil income to increase its fighting capacity, while onshore oil may be looted by oppositional groups to finance a rebellion. We provide empirical evidence supporting this interpretation: we find that oil price windfalls increase both the number and strength of active rebel groups in onshore-rich countries, while they strengthen the government in offshore-rich ones.
Effectiveness and Safety of Cryoablation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Episodes of <24 h Duration: A Propensity-Matched Analysis

Background: Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is closely related to pathophysiologic processes and clinical outcomes. However, it is uncertain whether cryoablation of pulmonary veins isolation is effective and safe for patients with symptomatic and drug refractory AF episodes of <24-h duration. Methods: The patients were designed into Group A (253 patients with paroxysmal AF episodes of <24-h duration) and Group B (253 patients with paroxysmal AF lasting for 24 h or longer) on a 1:1 basis by identical propensity scores. Mortality, stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), and complications relevant to the cryoablation procedure were compared, and recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia was analyzed for clinical independent predictors. Results: The rate of atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence was 21.74% in Group A and 30.04% in Group B, respectively (P = 0.042). At 12-month follow-up from the procedure, lower incidences of stroke/TIA endpoint of the patients were observed in Group A compared with Group B by Kaplan–Meier analysis [HR 0.34 (0.13–0.87), P = 0.025]. No significant differences in mortality and complications relevant to the cryoablation procedure were observed between Group A and Group B. Moreover, adjusted multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that <24-h paroxysmal AF type (HR 0.644, 95% CI: 0.455–0.913, P = 0.014) and left atrium diameter (LAD) (>40 mm) (HR 1.696, 95% CI: 1.046–2.750, P = 0.032) were independently associated with the incidence of recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia in the study. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that <24-h paroxysmal AF type was obviously associated with an increased success rate of cryoablation and reduced incidence of stroke/TIA during the follow-up period. Therefore, there is superior effectiveness and similar safety in patients with AF episodes of <24-h duration compared with patients with longer paroxysmal AF duration.
“Strikingly and Stubbornly High”: Investigating the Paradox of Public Confidence in the Irish Police

While levels of public confidence in the police have declined internationally, the Republic of Ireland appears to have bucked this trend with confidence levels that remain “strikingly and stubbornly high. ” This situation appears all the more puzzling given the wave of scandals to have hit the force in recent decades, ranging from police corruption in Donegal in the late 1990s to a more recent whistleblower scandal that has resulted in the resignation of a slew of Ministers and high-ranking officials. Such developments beg important questions as to the factors sustaining public confidence over this tumultuous period. Drawing on international and domestic data, this article aims to probe this “paradox” of public confidence in the Irish police. It argues that although confidence is high, there is more to the dynamics of confidence in the police in Ireland than this initial appraisal suggests. Indeed, it advances the Irish case as an illustration both of the dimensionality of the public confidence concept and of the complexity of the pathways to trust in the police.
Gastric Adenocarcinoma of the Fundic Gland Type: A Case Report

Patient: Male, 78-year-old Final Diagnosis: Fundic gland adenocarcinoma Symptoms: Tumor Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Pathology Objective: Rare coexistence of disease or pathology Background: Gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type (GAFG) is an extremely rare neoplasm that consists of a mixed proliferation of oxyntic and chief cells. Differential diagnosis of GAFG is difficult in the absence of infiltration. Here, we report a case of GAFG and discuss the clinicopathological features. Case Report: A 78-year-old man was diagnosed with gastritis and reflux esophagitis, status after esophagectomy for carcinoma of the esophagus in 2015. The patient underwent repeated gastric biopsies in 2017 and an atypical epithelium was observed, but no diagnosis was confirmed. There was no evidence of tumor extension in the submucosa. The tumor was resected via endoscopic mucosal resection, and pathological examination was performed. Microscopic findings revealed an oxyntic-type gastric mucosa with atypical dense or dilated glands with abundant pale basophilic cytoplasm and round nuclei with prominent nucleoli. The majority of the tumor cells resembled chief cells, suggesting they were derived from gastric fundic glands. However, the tumor appeared to have no submucosal infiltration or focal stromal desmoplastic reaction. Sections stained positive for MUC6 and pepsinogen-I in chief cells, and H+/K+ ATPase and PDGFRα in parietal cells, but were mostly negative for CDX2, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and CD10. Sections stained for mib-1 expressed very low proliferative activity, with an average of 10%. Staining for TP53 overexpression was negative. Conclusions: Immunostaining markers are a supportive tool for histological diagnosis of GAFG. However, if there is no infiltration, as in our case, it is difficult to consider it as a malignant tumor. Further elucidation is needed in the future, including an officially accepted diagnostic name.
Investigating the genetic and environmental basis of head micromovements during MRI

Introduction Head motion during magnetic resonance imaging is heritable. Further, it shares phenotypical and genetic variance with body mass index (BMI) and impulsivity. Yet, to what extent this trait is related to single genetic variants and physiological or behavioral features is unknown. We investigated the genetic basis of head motion in a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies. Further, we tested whether physiological or psychological measures, such as respiratory rate or impulsivity, mediated the relationship between BMI and head motion. Methods We conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis for mean and maximal framewise head displacement (FD) in seven population neuroimaging cohorts (UK Biobank, LIFE-Adult, Rotterdam Study cohort 1-3, Austrian Stroke Prevention Family Study, Study of Health in Pomerania; total N = 35.109). We performed a pre-registered analysis to test whether respiratory rate, respiratory volume, self-reported impulsivity and heart rate mediated the relationship between BMI and mean FD in LIFE-Adult. Results No variant reached genome-wide significance for neither mean nor maximal FD. Neither physiological nor psychological measures mediated the relationship between BMI and head motion. Conclusion Based on these findings from a large meta-GWAS and pre-registered follow-up study, we conclude that the previously reported genetic correlation between BMI and head motion relies on polygenic variation, and that neither psychological nor simple physiological parameters explain a substantial amount of variance in the association of BMI and head motion. Future imaging studies should thus rigorously control for head motion at acquisition and during preprocessing.
Improving Wellness and Reducing Stress among Incarcerated Men with Mindfulness- Based Stress Reduction Programming

This mixed-methods pilot study explores the effectiveness of a corrections-adapted mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program for incarcerated men who had been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress (PTSD) and completed an integrated trauma and addiction treatment program but still presented with above average levels of prison-related stress. Our inquiry explored whether a MBSR program (16, 2-hour sessions) would lower prison-related stress, PTSD-related symptoms, and symptom severity, while improving self-esteem, coping, and self-efficacy. The study included 58 men incarcerated in a maximum security prison. Participants were interviewed at baseline, end of program, and at three- and six-month post-completion, with a focus group at the conclusion of the program. An intent-to-treat analysis was conducted; change scores were computed between pre- and post-program averages for the primary, secondary, and mindfulness measures. We found that incarcerated men in our sample (a) were willing to participate in the program that included meditation and yoga; (b) were receptive to and successful at practicing the principles of mindfulness; and (c) experienced reduced PTSD symptoms and improvements in self-esteem, proactive coping skills, self-efficacy, and mental health. In general, these benefits endured over the six-month follow up period. These findings are consistent with the perspectives shared during the focus groups. In general, participants found the program helpful in reducing and managing their stress, increasing their sense of control and empowerment, building their trust in themselves and others, and expanding their sense of mastery.
Selenomethionine regulates the sugar-acid ratio of strawberry fruit by modulating the activities of related enzymes

ABSTRACT To study the effects of exogenous organic selenium on the sugar-acid ratio (SAR) of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) fruit, we investigated the effects of different concentrations of selenomethionine (SeMet) on the activities of key enzymes in sugar and organic acid metabolism in fruit during Large fruit period (LP, 20 d after flowering), Colour changed period (CP, 24 d after flowering) and Mature period (MP, 28 d after flowering) of fruit. The results showed that SeMet increased the contents of total sugars (TS), sucrose (Suc), glucose (Glu) and fructose (Fru) by improving the activities of acid invertase (AI), sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), and reducing hexokinase (HK) activity. Meanwhile, SeMet markedly decreased the contents of total acids (TA), citric acid (CA) and malic acid (MA) by reducing the activities of NAD-malic dehydrogenase (NAD-MDH), NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) and citrate synthase (CS). By this way, SeMet improved the SAR of fruit. Among different concentrations, 60 mg L−1 SeMet was the best concentration in improving the value of SAR in ripe fruit and could be used in the production of ‘Sweet Charlie’ strawberry to improve fruit SAR.
Toward a New Community of Care: Best Practices for Educators and Administrators During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The onset of COVID-19 left people feeling unsettled, confused, and afraid of what tomorrow may hold. As university professors specializing in health communication, we too were left with these same feelings. As health communication scholars, we focus on issues surrounding illness, risk, crisis, care, health inequities, and wellness. COVID-19 is a health crisis, yes, but it has also changed the way we operate not only in higher education but in daily life. We begin this essay with an overview of COVID-19 and its impact on students, educators, and administrators. Then, we suggest four best practices to foster a community of care in the classroom during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
Protective Potential of an Autogenous Vaccine in an Aerogenous Model of Escherichia coli Infection in Broiler Breeders

In poultry, Escherichia coli is a common cause of high-cost infections. Consequently, autogenous vaccines are often used despite limited and conflicting evidence on their effectiveness have been presented. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a commonly used autogenous vaccine, previously deemed ineffective, in an aerosol model of colibacillosis. Methods: Broiler breeders (n = 47) were randomly allocated to one of four groups (vaccinated and unvaccinated birds receiving an autogenous vaccine or sterile saline intramuscularly) and challenged with either aerosolised E. coli or vehicle at 29 weeks of age. Two days following inoculation, the birds were euthanised, thoroughly necropsied, and samples for bacteriology and histopathology were collected. Results: Vaccinated birds had a significantly lower bacteriology score compared to the unvaccinated group challenged with E. coli (p < 0.01) and a lower overall air sac lesion score (p < 0.05). Overall lung and spleen lesion scores only differed significantly between the unvaccinated E. coli challenged group compared to the vehicle inoculated groups. The overall gross pathology score was 2.8 and 1.95 in the unvaccinated and vaccinated E. coli challenge groups, respectively, whereas the vaccinated vehicle group had a score of 0.9 and the unvaccinated vehicle group a score of 1. Conclusions: A protective effect of an autogenous vaccine was found utilising an aerogenous model of colibacillosis through multiple methods of evaluation. The findings encourage the continued use of autogenous vaccines and underlines the necessity of discriminative experimental models with high predictive validity when evaluating vaccine interventions.
Evolution of the G Matrix under Nonlinear Genotype-Phenotype Maps

The G matrix is a statistical summary of the genetic basis of a set of traits and a central pillar of quantitative genetics. A persistent controversy is whether G changes slowly or quickly over time. The evolution of G is important because it affects the ability to predict, or reconstruct, evolution by selection. Empirical studies have found mixed results on how fast G evolves. Theoretical work has largely been developed under the assumption that the relationship between genetic variation and phenotypic variation—the genotype-phenotype map (GPM)—is linear. Under this assumption, G is expected to remain constant over long periods of time. However, according to developmental biology, the GPM is typically complex and nonlinear. Here, we use a GPM model based on the development of a multicellular organ to study how G evolves. We find that G can change relatively fast and in qualitative different ways, which we describe in detail. Changes can be particularly large when the population crosses between regions of the GPM that have different properties. This can result in the additive genetic variance in the direction of selection fluctuating over time and even increasing despite the eroding effect of selection.
Interactive effects of in situ rainwater harvesting techniques and fertilizer sources on mitigation of soil moisture stress for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) in dryland areas of Tanzania

ABSTRACT Nutrient deficiency, high rate of evapotranspiration, and insufficient and erratic rainfall are the critical challenges for crop production in the dryland areas (DLAs) of Sub-Saharan Africa, including Tanzania, where 61% of arable land is prone to drought. In addressing these challenges, field trials were conducted in central Tanzania to evaluate the interactive effects of ripping and tie-ridges with organic (FYM) and inorganic fertilizers (N) on the mitigation of the critical period of soil moisture stress (CPSMS) for sorghum yield performance. Both in situ rainwater harvesting techniques (IRWHT) and flat-cultivated land were integrated with 8 Mg FYM ha–1, 70 Kg N ha–1, and a combination of 35 Kg N ha–1 and 4 Mg FYM ha–1 (N+ FYM). Among the IRWHT, tie-ridges stored a significant water volume of 577 and 457 m3 ha–1, which mitigated the CPSMS by the maximum of 95% and 37% for the above-average rainfall and below-average rainfall season, respectively. However, it only registered the highest grain yield (2.02 Mg ha–1) and biomass (3.46 Mg ha–1) in a below-average rainfall season. The highest overall grain yield (5.73 Mg ha–) and biomass (12.09 Mg ha–1) were harvested in ripping with combined fertilizer treatments in an above-average rainfall season, while the lowest grain yield (0.5 Mg ha–1) and biomass (1.2 Mg ha–1) were registered in the flat-cultivation control in the below-average rainfall season. In the latter season, IRWHT increased the mitigation potential in the order; flat cultivation < ripping < tie-ridges; and sorghum yield, highly correlated with drought mitigation index. The results showed that sorghum grain yield and final biomass performance depend on the influence of IRWHT applied, rainfall amount, soil moisture level, integrated fertilizer, and length of the CPSMS. In the above-average rainfall seasons, fertilizers mask the influence of the IRWHT. The opposite is true in the below-average rainfall season. Although ripping– N+ FYM resulted in the highest overall yield, the study recommends practicing tie-ridges integrated with N+ FYM due to regular occurrences of low and unreliable rainfall in the dryland areas.
Time to delisted status for listed firms in Chinese stock markets: An analysis using a mixture cure model with time-varying covariates

Abstract Analyzing time to delisted status for listed firms with risk warnings in a stock market is important in risk management of the stock market. This analysis is entangled by the fact that not all listed firms with risk warnings will eventually be delisted, making a standard time-to-event analysis not suitable. The presence of time-varying factors that are related to the listed firms and the macro-economic environment adds another layer of challenge to the analysis. We propose to use a mixture cure model with time-varying covariates to analyze time to delisting in two Chinses stock markets. We identify issues in an existing method and propose a new method to better handle time-varying covariates in the mixture cure model. The model allows an exploration of the association between the probability that a listed firm will never be delisted and time-fixed covariates. The performance of the proposed estimation method is examined using simulation and compared with existing methods. The results of the data analysis reveal a few important time-varying covariates that have significant impacts on the time to delisted status. However, none of the measured time-fixed covariates is found to have a significant impact on the probability of never being delisted.
Righting the Literacy Teacher Education Debt: A Matter of Justice

The literacies of Black and other communities of Color have long been narrated pathologically in literacy teacher education. Literacy teacher educators have been complicit in upholding linguistic injustice and enacting linguistic violence in and through their practices, devaluing the practices, marginalizing the experiences, and interrogating the humanity of Black and other teachers of Color. In this article, extending Ladson-Billings's concept of the education debt, I assess the literacy teacher education debt, unveiling how white English and whiteness in general have been (over)valued and positioned as currency in literacy teacher education. After (re)examining and (re)assessing offenses and harms inflicted by literacy teacher education across historical, economic, sociopolitical, and moral realms, composing the literacy teacher education debt, I take a restorative justice approach and offer an invitation to right literacy teacher education by addressing obligations and committing to healing as a matter of justice.